bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construïm un vaixell?
Authors: Pla Altisent Florenci
Published: October 2019

Des del convenciment que les ciències s’han d’ensenyar a l’escola a partir de pràctiques experimentals, aquest estudi presenta un projecte realitzat amb alumnes de cinquè de primària del Col·legi Mare Janer amb l’objectiu que arribessin a comprendre el Principi d’Arquímedes d’una manera completament vivencial. A partir de la pregunta “construïm un vaixell?”, plantejada pel mestre, i mitjançant la realització prèvia de tot un seguit d’experiments, els alumnes han dissenyat i construït un vaixell capaç de transportar un estudiant.
Legal and Historical Perspective on Public Character of Cassation Complaint in Polish Civil Procedure
Authors: Flaga-Gieruszyńska Kinga
Published: October 2019

The text discusses the problem of mandatory representation by a lawyer as one of the legal solutions that are crucial for access to courts. The starting point for the author’s deliberations is the analysis of the institution of legal aid of a professional representative in litigation, which – along with other constructions – constitutes a guarantee of effective implementation of the right to court in civil matters. Against the background of these considerations, the author presents the construction of mandatory representation by a lawyer in the Polish legal system, with particular emphasis on its subjective and objective scope. These considerations are complemented by de lege ferenda conclusions, relating, among other things, to projects considered in the Polish doctrine concerning the extension of the scope of application of mandatory representation to proceedings before the court of second instance.
Z fikcyjnej faktury nie da się odliczyć VAT-u, ale nie każda wadliwa faktura jest fikcyjna
Authors: Modzelewski Witold
Published: October 2019

: W artykule zaprezentowano problem fałszywych oraz wadliwych faktur. Przedstawiono możliwy podział faktur wystawionych w zależności od istotności naruszenia prawa. Omówiono oddziaływanie poszczególnych naruszeń na prawo do odliczenia podatku.
FACTORS THAT MOTIVATE LATVIAN CONSUMERS TO PURCHASE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES IN LATVIA: THE CASE OF SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION
Authors: Casno Kristīne , Šķiltere Daina , Sloka Biruta
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study is to research the relative importance of various factors that motivate Latvian consumers to purchase products and services from social enterprises in order to provide practical suggestions and recommendations for Latvian social enterprises that would allow them to improve their performance. The primary method used by the study is quantitative research by the means of an online survey of Latvian consumers. The results of the research indicate that Latvian consumers find the product / service quality aspects, as well as aspects of social responsibility and convenience of the shopping location, on average, as most motivating to purchase products / services of social enterprises. However, the results of factor analysis highlight the importance of emotional aspects during on-site shopping as well as the importance of digital presence. Such factors as pleasant atmosphere and friendly service have the highest potential to generate repeat purchases among Latvian consumers. Communication of social value is important, but should not be the only focus of social enterprises.
Financial Companies in Latvia: Why are they Coming to the Bond Market?
Authors: Tocelovska Natalja , Sloka Biruta , Purmalis Karlis
Published: October 2019

In the period 2013-2017 Latvian corporate bond market had experienced the abrupt growth of the number of public Latvian corporate bond issues outstanding. The base of the expansion was formed by the financing activity of Latvian financial sector issuers (FSIs) with their weight in the pool of corporate bond issues listed in Nasdaq Riga at 85%. In 2019, FSIs remain the main issuer in Latvian corporate bond market (64% of the number of issues (Nasdaq Baltic, 2019)). The financing needs and preferences of the FSIs not only shape the segment profitability but also build Latvian corporate bond market sustainability.

Academic papers provide broad motivation for corporate debt issuing: an efficient competition to bank funding, long-term financing, improvement of the cash flow by decreasing the cost of debt, optimization of the financial structure, and efficient ownership structure. The existing academic research is modest on the analysis of the FSI segment as the issuer segment in the debt market where academics do analyse the corporate bonds issuance by the FSIs where motivating factors stimulating FSIs to come to the public debt market are seldom separated while size and characteristics of the issuers are mostly scrutinised.

The aim of this article is to analyse the determinant of the development of the FSI segment of the corporate bond market in Latvia by defining the factors stimulating the bond issuing decision as made by the FSI segment. This article provides primary data analysis of both survey and in-depth interviews with Latvian FSI segment representatives run in the period June-August 2017. The results of the analysis indicate that bank borrowing is not treated as the funding alternative for FSIs where issuing debt and equity funding are the recognised funding sources of the FSI segment. The growing role of the peer-to-peer platform financing is recognised and will further influence the FSI segment alternative financing. The main factors motivating FSIs to come to the debt market are reputation a company gets as the result of the bond issue, strategical ambition to be present in the public market, cost of funding in the long-term (more than 3 years). The methods used in this article are scientific publication analysis, document analysis, expert survey, in-depth interviews, and statistical data analysis.
Spatial distribution and environmental assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Singh Neelu , Sivaramakrishnan Rajan , Choudhary Shabnam , Chikkamadaiah Krishnaiah
Published: October 2019

Spatial distribution and environmental assessment of heavy metals of the surface sediment samples collected from the Kongsfjorden system, Svalbard duringsummer months of 2011, 2012 and 2013were studied using grain size, organic carbon and metal concentrations (Mn, Cr, Zn, Co, Cu,Tiand Pb). The Inner fjord was blanketed by clay-rich sediments while clayey silt or silty clay was found in the Outer fjord. High sedimentation rate and the water column turbulence resulted in the poor preservation of the organic matter in the Inner fjord while high concentration of TOC in the Outer fjord sediments indicated high primaryproductivity.Further, in the Outer fjord, the concentration of metals like Mn, Cr, Zn, Co,Cuand Pb were found to be higher near the mouth of the fjord while the lowest concentrations were at its distal end. The Inner fjord was also characterized by a concurrent enrichment of these heavy metals near the glacier outlets with the lowest values occurring near the shallow sill separating it from the Outer fjord. The significant positive correlation of all the heavy metals except Pb in the outer and inner part of the fjord, among themselves and also with Ti corroborated their terrigenous source possibly derived from the rocks present in the catchment area through the glacier melt waters.While, uniform negative correlation exhibited by Pb with all the other elements may point to its source from elsewhere,indicating its source to be anthropogenic.
Adaptations of cyanobacterium Nostoc commune to environmental stress: Comparison of morphological and physiological markers between European and Antarctic populations after rehydration
Authors: Ručová Dajana , Goga Michal , Matik Marek , Bačkor Martin
Published: October 2019

Availability of water may influence activities of all living organisms, including cyanobacterial communities. Filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc commune is well adapted to wide spectrum of ecosystems. For this reason, N. commune had to develop diverse protection strategies due to exposition to regular rewetting and drying processes. Few studies have been conducted on activities, by which cyanobacteria are trying to avoid water deficit. Therefore, the present study using physiological and morphological parameters is focused on comparison between European and Antarctic ecotypes of N. commune during rewetting. Gradual increase of FV/FM ratios, as the markers of active PS II, demonstrated the recovery processes of N. commune colonies from Europe as well as from Antarctica after time dependent rehydration. During the initial hours of rewetting, there was lower content of soluble proteins in colonies from Antarctica in comparison to those from Europe. Total content of nitrogen was higher in European ecotypes of N. commune. Significantly higher frequency of occurrence of heterocysts in Antarctic ecotypes was observed. The heterocyst cells were significantly longer in Antarctic ecotypes rather than European ecotypes of N. commune.
The effect of upper cortex absence on spectral reflectance indices in Antarctic lichens during thallus dehydration
Authors: Orekhova Alla , Marečková Michaela , Hazdrová Jana , Barták Miloš
Published: October 2019

In maritime Antarctica, lichens and mosses represent dominant autotrophs forming community structure of vegetation oases. In our study, we selected 4 most common lichen species (Xanthoria elegans, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Leptogium puberulum, Physconia muscigena) and monospecific colony of Nostoc commune typical for James Ross Island (Antarctica) for detailed physiological experiments. We investigated their spectral characteristics in response to hydration status of their thalli. In samples desiccating from fully wet (RWC, relative water content of 100%) to dry state (RWC = 0), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were evaluated for control thalli and those with removed upper cortex. In this way, the effect of presence/absence of the upper cortex on PRI, NDVI was studied. PRI showed either no change or species-specific an increase/decrease with dehydration. Removal of the upper cortex caused both PRI decrease (N. commune, P. muscigena) and increase (R. melanophthalma, L. puberulum). Removal of the upper cortex led to increase in NDVI in all species, typically within the RWC range of 20-100%. Species-specific differences of hydration-response curves of PRI and NDVI are discussed as well as the role of the absence of the upper cortex in the evaluation of spectral characteristics in desiccating lichens.
Observation of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) feeding on Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhyncus) – exceptional behaviour or upcoming trend?
Authors: Kavan Jan
Published: October 2019

A polar bear (Ursus maritimus) was observed feeding on Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhyncus) on September 3rd 2018 near Skansbukta, central Svalbard. A well-developed male was observed to rest nearby and feed on fresh reindeer carcass. Polar bear hunting a reindeer is rather an exceptional behaviour at present, but could become more frequent with drastic decline of sea ice and thus loss of traditional hunting areas with presence of seals – the usual prey.
Surface mass balance of Davies Dome and Whisky Glacier on James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, based on different volume-mass conversion approaches
Authors: Engel Zbyněk , Hrbáček Filip , Láska Kamil , Nývlt Daniel , Stachoň Zdeněk
Published: October 2019

This study presents surface mass balance of two small glaciers on James Ross Island calculated using constant and zonally-variable conversion factors. The density of 500 and 900 kg·m–3 adopted for snow in the accumulation area and ice in the ablation area, respectively, provides lower mass balance values that better fit to the glaciological records from glaciers on Vega Island and South Shetland Islands. The difference between the cumulative surface mass balance values based on constant (1.23 ± 0.44 m w.e.) and zonally-variable density (0.57 ± 0.67 m w.e.) is higher for Whisky Glacier where a total mass gain was observed over the period 2009–2015. The cumulative surface mass balance values are 0.46 ± 0.36 and 0.11 ± 0.37 m w.e. for Davies Dome, which experienced lower mass gain over the same period. The conversion approach does not affect much the spatial distribution of surface mass balance on glaciers, equilibrium line altitude and accumulation-area ratio. The pattern of the surface mass balance is almost identical in the ablation zone and very similar in the accumulation zone, where the constant conversion factor yields higher surface mass balance values. The equilibrium line altitude and accumulation-area ratio determined for the investigated glaciers differ by less than 2m and 0.01, respectively. The annual changes of equilibrium line altitude and the mean values determined over the period 2009–2015 for Whisky Glacier (311 ± 16 m a.s.l.) and Davies Dome (393 ± 18 m a.s.l.) coincide with the values reported from Bahía del Diablo Glacier on Vega Island but differ from the glaciological records on South Shetland Islands.
The effect of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of Antarctic filamentous (Stigeoclonium sp.) and coccal alga (Diplosphaera chodatii) on agar plates
Authors: Orekhova Alla , Barták Miloš , Özkar Aleyna , Elster Josef
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigated the effects of shock freezing on physiological properties and consequent growth of in the Antarctic alga Stigeoclonium sp. and comparative coccal alga Diplosphaera chodatii on agar plates. Culture of algae grown in liquid medium were used to study subzero temperatures on the species resistance to shock freezing. Then, microalgae were frozen in liquid nitrogen and inoculated on BBM agar after thawing. Physiological status of algae was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during 28 days. The results showed that interspecific differences existed in their tolerance to shock freezing, as well as their consequent growth rate on agars. Direct effects of freezing in liquid nitrogen was demonstrated in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters recorded immediately after thawing the samples (in liquid medium). In spite of the fact that majority of cells was destroyed by shock freezing, the potential of photochemical processes in PS II (FV/FM) remained constant in D. chodatii. It may indicate high resistance of the species to freezing/thawing cycles and a capability of the surviving cells, core chlorophylls in PS II respectively, to perform photosynthetic processes related to PS II. Contrastingly, Stigeoclonium sp. showed a shock freezing-dependent decrease in FV/FM. When shock-frozen, thawed and inoculated on agar plates, the culture of D. chodatii, and Stigeoclonium sp. showed cultivation time-dependent increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (FV/FM, FS).
Sinonasal Papillomas and Carcinomas: A Contemporary Update With Review of an Emerging Molecular Classification
Authors: Weindorf Steven C. , Brown Noah A. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Udager Aaron M.
Published: October 2019

Context.—

Sinonasal papillomas and carcinomas are uncommon head and neck neoplasms that comprise a broad clinicopathologic and morphologic spectrum, and thus frequently represent a diagnostic challenge for surgical pathologists. Recent molecular interrogation of these tumors has delineated a number of recurrent alterations that correspond to distinct entities with potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic clinical utility.

Objective.—

To summarize the salient clinicopathologic, morphologic, and molecular features of sinonasal papillomas and carcinomas.

Data Sources.—

Review of pertinent literature regarding sinonasal papillomas and sinonasal carcinomas.

Conclusions.—

Despite their relative rarity in many surgical pathology practices, sinonasal papillomas and carcinomas frequently demonstrate characteristic morphologic features that are important for accurate diagnosis. Given our emerging understanding of the molecular basis for these tumors, judicious use of available ancillary tools—including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization—may be helpful in subsets of cases, whereas additional molecular testing may be useful for diagnostically challenging and/or clinically aggressive sinonasal tumors.
Use of blogs for prospective early childhood teachers
Authors: Muñoz-Carril Pablo-César , González-Sanmamed Mercedes , Fuentes-Abeledo Eduardo-José
Published: October 2019

En esta investigación se analizan aquellos factores que inciden en la posibilidad de uso de los blogs como herramienta para continuar aprendiendo por parte de quienes van a ser futuros docentes en el ámbito de educación infantil. En el estudio participaron un total de 222 estudiantes (pertenecientes a 3 cohortes distribuidas en 13 grupos de aula) que cursaron una asignatura de formación básica perteneciente al grado de maestro de educación infantil en una universidad española. El alumnado, tras su experiencia a lo largo del curso en el uso de blogs, respondió a un cuestionario electrónico auto-administrado y previamente validado. Se elaboró un modelo sustentado por diversos constructos que dieron lugar a hipótesis relevantes derivadas primordialmente de la teoría socio-cognitiva y del modelo de aceptación tecnológica. Se utilizó la técnica de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) para el contraste de las doce hipótesis planteadas, de las cuales se aceptaron diez. Los resultados indican que la auto-eficacia percibida, las expectativas de resultados personales, el apoyo percibido para mejorar los vínculos sociales, así como la percepción de utilidad, la facilidad de uso percibida, la actitud y la percepción de alegría y disfrute, son variables significativas que contribuyen a que los estudiantes continúen utilizando los blogs como mecanismo para aprender. Asimismo, se discuten y comparan los resultados obtenidos con otras investigaciones internacionales similares, lo que ha permitido replicar y confirmar la capacidad predictiva del modelo. Finalmente, se aportan recomendaciones útiles, derivadas de los hallazgos obtenidos, para aquellos docentes que pretendan utilizar blogs con sus estudiantes universitarios, a fin de que estos continúen utilizando dichas herramientas para desarrollar sus aprendizajes.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para la autoevaluación de experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio universitario
Authors: López-de-Arana Prado Elena , Aramburuzabala Higuera Pilar , Opazo Carvajal Héctor
Published: October 2019

Son cada vez más los docentes universitarios que utilizan el aprendizaje-servicio como alternativa a los contextos tradicionales de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Esta realidad hace evidente la necesidad de contar con herramientas que faciliten los procesos de diseño, implementación y evaluación para esta nueva propuesta educativa. Actualmente son escasos los recursos para asegurar la calidad de las experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio, y con frecuencia no están validados. Este artículo describe el proceso seguido para el diseño de un cuestionario para la autoevaluación de experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio universitario y su posterior validación utilizando el método Delphi modificado online, que es una técnica de carácter cualitativo cuyo objetivo es proporcionar una respuesta grupal fidedigna.El proceso implicó dos rondas de consulta mediante el correo electrónico, en las que participaron 16 expertos académicos que valoraron la relevancia y claridad de los ítems propuestos. El objetivo de la primera ronda de consulta fue determinar la relevancia y la claridad de todos los ítems. En la segunda ronda se analizó la claridad de los ítems que habían sido reformulados. Los resultados sobre la validez de constructo y de contenido sugirieron la eliminación o reformulación de algunos ítems iniciales para constituir un cuestionario de 41 ítems relevantes y claros, que se valoran a través de una escala Likert de 5 puntos. Se concluye aportando dos vías posibles para dar continuidad a este trabajo: incluir en el proceso de validación los juicios de expertos no académicos y participantes en proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio; y profundizar en la validación psicométrica del cuestionario a través de métodos intra-pruebas e inter-pruebas.
Setor Madeireiro: uma análise de sua contribuição à balança comercial e à economia de Roraima
Authors: Veras Michelle de Oliveira Barbosa , Buenafuente Sandra Maria Franco
Published: October 2019

Desde o período colonial os produtos florestais fazem parte do comércio exterior de vários estados que compõem a Amazônia legal. Este fator contribui com a economia de vários municípios, gerando empregos e renda. Inserido nesse contexto, todos os municípios do estado de Roraima estão envolvidos com a atividade madeireira e apresentam dados relevantes na produção destinada tanto ao mercado interno quanto ao externo, gerando efeitos multiplicadores na economia. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a contribuição do setor madeireiro na balança comercial do estado de Roraima no período de 1989 a 2018, apresentando a importância do setor para a geração de emprego e renda na economia. Para alcançar esse fim, utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva combinada com a pesquisa bibliográfica, que permitiu analisar os dados referentes ao comércio exterior, Produto Interno Bruto e Renda, com o subsídio das literaturas que tratam do tema. Os resultados apontaram que a contribuição do setor madeireiro no comércio exterior deve-se às vantagens absolutas e relativas, à abundância de fatores de produção (recursos florestais) e à capacidade de influenciar o crescimento de outras atividades ao proporcionar impactos nos níveis de produto, emprego e renda. Os dados demonstram a influência do setor madeireiro no comércio exterior com efeitos encadeantes para o mercado interno.
La ciudad de Madrid en La narrativa de Manuel Longares: evocación y memoria recreadora
Authors: Succio Marco , Belmonte Serrano José
Published: October 2019

El artículo analiza la imagen de madrid en las novelas de Manuel Longares, autor que en estos primeros años del siglo XXI se ha confirmado como el mejor intérprete de la capital de España dentro de la narrativa en lengua castellana. Las razones de su alta calidad literaria estriban en la creación de un estilo propio y en una cuidadosa utilización de los recursos lingüísticos y formales. Específicamente, se profundiza en la capacidad del autor de conducir al lector hacia una interpretación más sensorial que visual del espacio urbano.

the article analyzes the image of madrid as it appears in the novels by Manuel Longares; since the first years of the 21st Century this author is considered the greatest interpreter of the spanish capital in Literature. the reasons for his high literary qualities lie in the creation of a personal style and in a careful use of linguistic and formal resources. More specifically, this study focuses on the author’s ability to lead the reader towards a more sensory than visual interpretation of the urban space.
Moda y literatura. un caso paradigmático: Juan Valera
Authors: Ruíz Cáceres Rocío
Published: October 2019

Los novelistas españoles del siglo XIX conceden gran importancia a la moda, a la forma de vestir como distinción social. El tema del «quiero y no puedo», entre otros, será un aspecto que dicte la conducta de numerosos personajes de ficción en la novela realista-naturalista. En el presente estudio se analiza la presencia de la moda en las novelas de Valera desde una doble óptica: la epistolar, correspondiente a sus cartas en las que se refleja la moda, y la narrativa, fundamentalmente sus novelas Pepita Jiménez, Doña Luz, Las ilusiones del doctor Faustino, Juanita la Larga y Genio y figura

Spanish novelists from the 19th century give great importance to the fashion, the way of dressing as a social distinction. the issue of «I would like to, but I’m not able to», among others, it will be an aspect that dictate the behavior of many fictional characters in the realist-naturalist novel. this research analyses the presence of fashion in Valera’s novels from a double perspective: the epistolary, corresponding to his letters in which fashion is reflected, and the narrative, mainly his novels Pepita Jiménez, Doña Luz, Las ilusiones del doctor Faustino, Juanita la Larga and Genio y figura.
Trash Versionality for Post-Digital Culture
Authors: Lawrie Magnus
Published: October 2019

This article attempts an overview of phenomena, which exemplify informational and conceptual instances (or ‘versions’) characteristic of current ‘post-digital’ conditions. By counter-posing a variety of material, I aim to explore the role and position of different kinds of images (foremost social and visual) as they constitute post-digital relations. These are relations in which the primacy of computerized digital objects is moot. The versions presented in this text are the social, cultural and organizational confluences which find expression in differing data formats — originals and copies subject to fluctuating, moment-to-moment alteration. Together with the growth in communication and exchange, these versions imply a continual re-writing of the standards affecting social and network-based encounter. The processes renew shared conceptions and pictures, prompt self-reflection and pose the questions, “whose truth?” and, “whose value(s)?”
A Critical Engagement with Monetary Interfaces
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios
Published: October 2019

The current economic condition of digital participation is described by the proponents of the neoliberal model of economic efficiency as a new economic revolution. Τhe simulated existence of the market in computer networks and graphic interfaces presents itself as the ultimate reality of value at the same time as it tries to make other forms of social valuation subordinate and even unreal. Reflecting on the mystification of the effect of digital interfaces on social participation, the article raises a series of questions for the analysis of the cultural effects of the mediating function of monetary interfaces by reflecting on their economic, technological and aesthetic implications. The critique focuses on the new digital architecture of the monetary system by investigating how money intervenes in information exchanges and signals the creation and transfer of economic value. The ability of payment interfaces to impose, both overtly and covertly new relations of ownership as well as new forms of surveillance, suggests their capacities as technologies of political control of the individual. The aim is a theoretical framework for the analysis of the reorganization of the economic system and its dependence on money.
Data Politics and Infrastructural Design
Authors: Rossiter Ned , Zehle Soenke
Published: October 2019

The current celebration of invisible design strategies claims to be the inevitable next iteration of a process that deliberately deemphasizes autonomous user agency to ‘empower’ ever-more efficient forms of interaction through natural interfaces. It makes sense to move outward from the user, now situated and redefined as a node of multiple infrastructures. Yet rather than focusing on this networked self, we instead see a critical purchase through analyses of how overlapping infrastructures constitute the user as a new kind of economic and epistemological subject. Such an undertaking is no longer a matter of making visible the invisible. Part of what needs to happen is an exploration of how the digital economy changes the way we understand and constitute infrastructure.
Personalisation as Currency
Authors: Ridgway Renée
Published: October 2019

‘Cybercapitalism’, commonly termed ‘digital capitalism’, refers to the Internet, or ‘cyber- space’ and seeks to engage in business models within this territory in order to make financial profit. Cybercapitalism is structured by a highly intricate series of communication networks, which connect us through our participation on social platforms, but outside of these platforms how do we navigate and explore this information superhighway? We do so predominantly through search requests. Algorithms ostensibly know what we want before we even type them, as with Google’s ‘autocomplete’. Thus search is not merely an abstract logic but a lived practice that helps manage and sort the nature of information we seek as well as the direction of our queries. Nowadays it has become clear that users pay for such services with their data, which is increasingly the means to finance various corporations’ growth as they sell this data to third party advertisers. It is a transaction and in the exchange we get relevance. But is this really true?
Absorbing Text
Authors: Jones Nathan
Published: October 2019

Rather than turning away from speed readers because of their surface involvement in the equation ‘fastness = progress’, we examine how this new, temporal form of text might inaugurate a return to the technical and material fundamentals of reading – and what alternative ways of thinking through our relation to new textualities this might offer. This allows us to pose (although not always resolve) questions about technicities and materialities that converge upon the act of reading, but are not reducible to it. The claims made for speed reading applications by commercial companies such as Spritz and Spreader are weighed against clinical research and set within emerging theoretical frameworks, setting the stage for a critical design and creative practice using and abusing speed reader-type technology. We begin by introducing our initial research to date with this new machinic form of reading, and go on to explore what alternate conceptual and practical applications, beyond simply speeding up for the sake of productivity, it may afford, particularly within poetic, performative, and typographic realms. It should be noted that the text is speculative in character, seeking to articulate and provoke questions, rather than provide answers, which our research has engendered thus far, we hope this approach is fertile for readers.
Machine Learning and technoecological conditions of sensing
Authors: Raskin Irina
Published: October 2019

In what way can machine learning be understood as a computational mode of sensing? How does the practice of making sense take place in the context of developing machine learning applications? What assumptions and conflicts are constitutive for that very process of sensing? Bringing case studies from machine learning into conversation with theoretical work primarily by Erich Hörl, Luciana Parisi, Wendy Hui Kyong Chun and Karen Barad, this article reflects on the re-configuration of sense in the course of the expansion of media-technology. It questions how computational expressions become relatable as well as the mechanisms for encapsulating the capacity of sensing for determining purposes.
Robotic affective abilities
Authors: Klein Maike
Published: October 2019

Within both popular media and (some) scientific contexts, affective and ‘emotional’ machines are assumed to already exist. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to some of the key conceptual and theoretical issues raised by the ostensible affectivity. My investigation starts with three robotic encounters: a robot arm, the first (according to media) ‘emotional’ robot, Pepper, and Mako, a robotic cat. To make sense of affectivity in these encounters, I discuss emotion theoretical implications for affectivity in human-machine-interaction. Which theories have been implemented in the creation of the encountered robots? Being aware that in any given robot, there is no strict implementation of one single emotion theory, I will focus on two commonly used emotion theories: Russell and Mehrabian’s Three-Factor Theory of Emotion (the computational models derived from that theory are known as PAD models) and Ekman’s Basic Emotion Theory. An alternative way to approach affectivity in artificial systems is the Relational Approach of Damiano et al. which emphasizes human-robot-interaction in social robotics. In considering this alternative I also raise questions about the possibility of affectivity in robot-robot-relations.
Development of interdisciplinary protocols on medico-legal documentation of torture: Sleep deprivation
Authors: Søndergaard Elna , Skilbeck Rupert , Shir Efrat
Published: October 2019

Background: The use of psychological torture or torture methods that leave no visible marks (stealth torture) is on the increase in various contexts. However, the difficulties in the documentation of such methods should be recognized by lawyers and health professionals who may benefit from using research-based interdisciplinary instruments to improve their documentation for legal processes - in addition to the United Nations Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or DegradingTreatment or Punishment (1999) (Istanbul Protocol). Objective: With the aim to develop additional instruments for the documentation of various psychological torture methods, this article explains the recommended methodology for such research-based interdisciplinary instruments and the process of developing the first example of this approach relating to sleep deprivation. Development and pilot testing of the Sleep Deprivation Protocol: The pilot-testing of the Protocol by lawyers in the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI) has already yielded positive results. Conclusion: Further advanced documentation instruments, using medical evidence in non-torture contexts and legal research, should be developed to effectively identify and record other psychological torture methods.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Orthopaedic Oncology - A Narrative Review of Current Concepts
Authors: Müller Daniel , Kaiser Dominik , Sairanen Kati , Studhalter Thorsten , Uçkay İlker
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after elective tumour orthopaedic surgery in adults is higher than non-oncologic orthopaedic surgery. Their causative microorganisms and antibiotic susceptibilities are also different from the non-oncologic cases; with no apparent predictable microbiological patterns. Clinicians continue to struggle to tailor the optimal prophylactic regimen for the very heterogeneous group of tumour patients. Many clinicians thus prolong the first-and second-generation cephalosporin agents, while a minority chooses to broaden the antimicrobial spectrum by combination prophylaxis. The variability in current practices and surgical techniques is enormous, even within the same setting. The scientific literature lacks adequate retrospective case-studies and there is currently only one prospective randomized trial. In this narrative review, we discuss various perioperative antibiotic concepts in oncologic orthopaedic surgery, including a summary of the state-to-the-art, opinions and difficulties related to the different prophylactic strategies.
Synthetische und analytische Einheit der Apperzeption. Über ein nach wie vor aktuelles und missverständliches Problem der „Kritik der reinen Vernunft“
Authors: Olk Carsten
Published: October 2019

Die Funktionsweise sowohl der synthetischen als auch der analytischen Einheit der Apperzeption in der „Kritik der reinen Vernunft“ ist ein immer noch aktuelles, aber auch missverständliches Thema in der Kant-Rezeption. Bis heute werden die grundlegenden Funktionen synthetischer und analytischer Einheit des Selbstbewusstseins miteinander vertauscht, obwohl Manfred Kugelstadt mit seinen Untersuchungen, insbesondere zu den beiden Momenten von Reflektieren überhaupt, bereits vor über 20 Jahren und zum ersten Mal den Grund des Missverständnisses aufgedeckt hat. Mit diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, dass die synthetische und objektiv-verbindende Einheit zum Zwecke der Erfahrung eine grundlegende andere Funktion hat als die bloß analytische, distributive Einheit der Apperzeption. Dabei entsprechen den unterschiedlichen Arten des Selbstbewusstseins unterschiedliche Weisen der Identität.
Geist im Sinnlichen. Eine Deutung der transzendentalen Ideen im Ausgang von Kants Anthropologie
Authors: Ruffing Margit
Published: October 2019

Ende 2018 ist unter dem Titel Die Aktualität des Geistes ein Sammelband erschienen, der, so der Untertitel, „Klassische Positionen nach Kant“ vorstellt:„Ausgangspunkt der Beiträge“, die sich mit dem Begriff des Geistes bei Denkern der klassischen deutschen Philosophie wie Schelling und Hegel, aber auch Jacobi und Hölderlin über Humboldt, Nietzsche, Cassirer und Simmel bis zu Adorno befassen, soll Kants Philosophie sein, in dessen Werk der Begriff des Geistes allerdings „keine zentrale systematische Rolle ein[nimmt]“ (Noller/Zwenger 2018, 10f.), wie die Herausgeber Jörg Noller und Thomas Zwenger in ihrer „Einführung“ einräumen.
Toward Lifelong Learning: A Cross-National Analysis of Codes of Ethics for Educators
Authors: Lishchinsky Orly Shapira
Published: October 2019

The goal of this study was to explore the shared meaning of ‘ethics in school practice’ based on educators' attitudes. Our analysis focused on a random sample of 30 codes of ethics for educators that were developed by educational leaders in various countries. The data analysis
was based on qualitative analysis. The findings generated a multidimensional model of ‘ethics in school practice’ that included six dimensions: ‘caring about students,’ ‘teachers' professionalism,’ ‘collegial relationships,’ ‘parental involvement,’
‘community involvement’ and ‘respecting the law and regulations.’ The findings may promote lifelong learning programs toward understanding the multidimensional structure of ‘ethics in school practice.’
Amidst multiple binding orientations on fork DNA, Saccharolobus MCM helicase proceeds N-first for unwinding
Authors: Perera Himasha M , Trakselis Michael A
Published: October 2019

DNA replication requires that the duplex genomic DNA strands be separated; a function that is implemented by ring-shaped hexameric helicases in all Domains. Helicases are composed of two domains, an N- terminal DNA binding domain (NTD) and a C- terminal motor domain (CTD). Replication is controlled by loading of helicases at origins of replication, activation to preferentially encircle one strand, and then translocation to begin separation of the two strands. Using a combination of site-specific DNA footprinting, single-turnover unwinding assays, and unique fluorescence translocation monitoring, we have been able to quantify the binding distribution and the translocation orientation of Saccharolobus (formally Sulfolobus) solfataricus MCM on DNA. Our results show that both the DNA substrate and the C-terminal winged-helix (WH) domain influence the orientation but that translocation on DNA proceeds N-first.
TMC1 is an essential component of a leak channel that modulates tonotopy and excitability of auditory hair cells in mice
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Shufeng , Zou Linzhi , Li Jie , Song Chenmeng , Chen Jiaofeng , Hu Qun , Liu Lian , Huang Pingbo , Xiong Wei
Published: October 2019

Hearing sensation relies on the mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channel of cochlear hair cells, in which transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) and transmembrane channel-like 2 (TMC2) have been proposed to be the pore-forming subunits in mammals. TMCs were also found to regulate biological processes other than MET in invertebrates, ranging from sensations to motor function. However, whether TMCs have a non-MET role remains elusive in mammals. Here, we report that in mouse hair cells, TMC1, but not TMC2, provides a background leak conductance, with properties distinct from those of the MET channels. By cysteine substitutions in TMC1, we characterized four amino acids that are required for the leak conductance. The leak conductance is graded in a frequency-dependent manner along the length of the cochlea and is indispensable for action potential firing. Taken together, our results show that TMC1 confers a background leak conductance in cochlear hair cells, which may be critical for the acquisition of sound-frequency and -intensity.
Evolutionary stability of collateral sensitivity to antibiotics in the model pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Barbosa Camilo , Römhild Roderich , Rosenstiel Philip , Schulenburg Hinrich
Published: October 2019

Evolution is at the core of the impending antibiotic crisis. Sustainable therapy must thus account for the adaptive potential of pathogens. One option is to exploit evolutionary trade-offs, like collateral sensitivity, where evolved resistance to one antibiotic causes hypersensitivity to another one. To date, the evolutionary stability and thus clinical utility of this trade-off is unclear. We performed a critical experimental test on this key requirement, using evolution experiments with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and identified three main outcomes: (i) bacteria commonly failed to counter hypersensitivity and went extinct; (ii) hypersensitivity sometimes converted into multidrug resistance; and (iii) resistance gains frequently caused re-sensitization to the previous drug, thereby maintaining the trade-off. Drug order affected the evolutionary outcome, most likely due to variation in the effect size of collateral sensitivity, epistasis among adaptive mutations, and fitness costs. Our finding of robust genetic trade-offs and drug-order effects can guide design of evolution-informed antibiotic therapy.
A MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA IMPLÍCITA EM PESQUISAS BRASILEIRAS QUE ABORDAM ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL INTEGRAL / IMPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN BRAZILIAN RESEARCHS THAT APPROACH EDUCATION AND LEARNING OF INTEGRAL DIFFERENTIAL CALCULATION
Authors: Oliveira Jefferson Dantas , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas Madruga Elizabete
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta recorte de uma pesquisa, e tem como objetivo evidenciar e analisar pesquisas que utilizam a modelagem matemática de forma implícita para o ensino e para a aprendizagem do cálculo diferencial e integral (CDI). Como abordagem metodológica, se utilizou os procedimentos do Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional. Os dados foram constituídos a partir da seleção de 10 pesquisas publicadas em três bancos de dados de acesso publico denominados: CAPES, Google Acadêmico e Revistas de Qualis A1 a B2. Para a análise, estabeleceram-se inicialmente duas categorias a priori: a) contexto da pesquisa; b) referencial teórico; e uma categoria emergente: c) modelagem implícita. O estudo permitiu identificar a relevância da utilização de procedimentos metodológicos como a Modelagem Matemática no ensino e na aprendizagem da disciplina de Cálculo diferencial e integral.
REGISTROS DE REPRESENTAÇÃO SEMIÓTICA E ATIVIDADES DE INVESTIGAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA EMPREENDIDAS E RELATADAS POR PROFESSORES PARTICIPANTES DO PDE: O QUE SE REVELA? / RECORDS OF SEMIOTIC REPRESENTATION AND MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES EMPLOYED AND REPORTED BY TEACHERS PARTICIPATING IN THE PDE: WHAT IS REVEALED?
Authors: Wichnoski Paulo , Bassoi Tânia Stella
Published: October 2019

De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa possui o objetivo de compreender o que se revela sobre a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica e atividades de Investigação Matemática, empreendidas e relatadas por professores participantes do PDE. Articulados em três categorias os dados revelaram generalidades sobre os registros semióticos mobilizados; sobre as coordenações das representações dos objetos e sobre a congruência e a não congruência semântica. As atividades desenvolvidas em face das tarefas investigativas se mostraram mais auspiciosas à mobilização da representação dos objetos matemáticos nos diferentes Registros de Representação Semiótica do que as atividades desenvolvidas em face das tarefas exploratórias e; contribuíram para desenvolver a forma operatória e predicativa do conhecimento. Isso sinaliza para o cuidado de não limitar a mobilização de alguns registros em face das tarefas ou da postura do professor em sala de aula.
Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável 2015: processo de planejamento e justiça social
Authors: Rodovalho Sarah Afonso , Pizzio Alex , Rocha Silva Monica Aparecida da
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção do diagnóstico do Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável 2015. Metodologicamente, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e análise do conteúdo do documento final elaborado pelo Instituto Pólis, pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e pela Prefeitura Municipal de Palmas. O trabalho buscou compreender as características da Iniciativa Cidades Emergentes e Sustentáveis (ICES), a finalidade da inclusão de Palmas na ICES e a metodologia de trabalho; ainda examinou, no decorrer do documento, os dados apresentados sobre a realidade urbana de Palmas e as prioridades de ação. Os pressupostos teóricos acerca do entendimento de desenvolvimento em sua abordagem socioespacial urbana e da justiça social serviram como instrumentos para as análises realizadas. Pode-se observar que a visão de desenvolvimento do Plano de Ação Palmas Sustentável 2015 não considera a justiça social em suas três dimensões como ponto de partida para seu processo de planejamento.
Water: The Environmental, Technological, and Societal Complexity of a Simple Substance
Authors: Hering Janet G.
Published: October 2019

For such a simple substance, water plays a remarkable variety of critical roles at scales ranging from molecular to global. Water is essential to life, constituting roughly 60% of our bodies and is a dominant feature of our planet, covering over 70% of its surface. Because of the importance of water to society – for purposes ranging from consumption and sanitation to irrigation, navigation, and energy production – water management has been a principal responsibility of civil society throughout history. Water infrastructure represents a major investment on the part of society and has dramatically changed the extent and function of natural water bodies and watercourses. With the current megatrends of population growth, urbanization and changing consumption patterns (especially to more meat‐based diets), demands, and pressures on water resources are increasing. Meeting the direct needs of societies and, simultaneously, maintaining aquatic ecosystem structure and function will require collaboration, cooperation, and the open sharing of knowledge and experience among water researchers (from the natural, social, and engineering sciences), professionals (from the public and private sectors) engaged in management and regulation of water supply and resources and civil society organizations that seek to promote sustainable water management and protection of aquatic ecosystems.
Ecosystem Effects of Acidic Deposition
Authors: Driscoll Charles T. , Wang Zhangwei
Published: October 2019

Acidic deposition results from sulfuric and nitric acids, and ammonium derived from atmospheric emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia, respectively. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released largely from fossil fuel combustion, whereas ammonia emissions are predominantly associated with agricultural activities. Atmospheric deposition delivers acids and acidifying compounds to the Earth's surface, with adverse ecological effects largely occurring in eastern North America, northern and central, Europe and southern China. Acidic deposition has impacted foliage, and altered forest soils, resulting in health effects to trees. Acidic deposition has also impaired the water quality in eastern North America and Europe by decreasing pH levels (i.e. increasing acidity) and acid‐neutralizing capacity, and increasing dissolved inorganic aluminum concentrations. Many surface waters in acid‐sensitive regions impacted by acidic deposition exhibit chronic and/or episodic (i.e. short‐term) acidification, which have reduced the species diversity and abundance of aquatic life. Fish have received the most attention, but entire food webs are negatively affected. In North America and Europe, recent decreases in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions have decreased acid deposition with some improvement in surface water quality. However, recovery of forest soils and biota has generally lagged.