bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of Pelvi-calyceal system and relationship of structures at hilum of kidney between Nepalese and North Americans
Authors: Baral P. , Koju S. , Shrestha R. , Kumar S. , Baidya R.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Pelvi-calyceal system consists of renal pelvis along with major and minor calyces.The minor calyces unite with their neighbors two or three chambers to form the major calyces. The major calyces drain into the infundibula. The renal pelvis is formed from the junction of the infundibula. The common pattern of arrangement of structures at the renal hilum, antero-poteriorly is renal vein, renal artery and pelvis.

Objectives: To compare the study of pelvi-calyceal system and relationship of structures at hilum of kidney between Nepalese and North Americans.

Methodology: The gross and prosected kidney specimens were studied for pelvi-calyceal system and relationship of structures at hilum of kidney in Anatomy department. In Nepal, the study was undertaken in Gandaki Medical College, Kaski and in USA, it was done in Well-cornel University, New York.

Result: Tricalyceal major calyx were found in 63.8% in Nepalese and Bicalyceal were found in 65.6% North Americans which is statistically significant variations. The number of minor calyces and pyramids varying 6 in Nepalese and 9 in North Americans were also statistically significant (p<0.05). The arrangement of structures at hilum of kidney from anterior to posterior(renal vein, artery and pelvis) in Nepalese and North American kidneys was 86.1% and 62.5% respectively whereas the structures arranged as renal artery, vein and pelvis from anterior to posterior was 13.9% and 37.5% .

Conclusion: There are significant variations in pelvicalyceal system and relations of structures at hilum of kidneys of Nepalese and North-Americans.
Knowledge of Radiation Exposure and it Risk among Radiographers and Radio Technologists
Authors: Sharma B.R. , Singh S. , Mandal S. , Poudel N.
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, concern and practice on hazards of ionizing radiation and radiation protection among radiographers and technologists of Pokhara, Nepal and to evaluate the knowledge of radiation and its protection among them.

Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from radiographers and Technologists. The survey included multiple choice questions (MCQs) related to demographic characteristics (age, gender), academic qualification, and knowledge of radiation and radiation protection. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software and shown in frequency, percentages.

Results: Among 103 participants, only 73.8% were NHPC registered and 46.7% had attended classes/seminar on the topic of radiation protection. Only 8.7% used dosimeters to measure the radiation dose. Among participants, 77.7% knew that annual whole-body dose for a radiation worker is 20 mSv and 87.4% knew that there should be distance of more than six feet from the X-ray tube while taking X-ray in the case of non-barrier protection. This study shows that the knowledge and the perceptions regarding radiation and its protection among the radiographers/technologist is just satisfactory and needs to be improved.

Conclusion: Overall awareness and knowledge of radiation protection and radiological procedures of radiologic technologist were satisfactory. However, there were some question that they needed mandatory training and knowledge. Therefore, we recommend that further workshops, seminars, symposium, training courses and Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs are recommended on a regular basis in collaboration with ISSRT and other national and international organizations to raise the level of radiation awareness.
Partial Edentulousness in Patients Visiting the Dental Out-Patient Department of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari A. , Manandhar A. , Manandhar P.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Partial edentulousness is a dental arch in which one or more but not all natural teeth are missing due to dental caries, periodontal problems, trauma etc. It causes difficulty in chewing food, alteration of speech and unpleasant esthetics which adversely affect the general health and quality of life.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara from November 2017 to March 2018. All patients above the age of 15 years presenting with partial loss of dentition and willing to give informed consent were included in the study. Data regarding age, gender, missing teeth, cause of permanent tooth loss and denture status were collected from 342 patients.

Results: The most common cause of permanent tooth loss was dental caries (58.2%) followed by periodontal (18.1%), dental caries and periodontal (9.4%), trauma (7.9%), dental caries and trauma (2.9%), periodontal and trauma (2.3%) and others (1.2%).The distribution of partially edentulous areas in maxillary arch (35.7%), mandibular arch (45.9%) and both arches (18.4%).The most common type of partial edentulism was found to be Kennedy’s class III followed by class II, class I and class IV in both the arches.

Conclusion: The most common cause of permanent tooth loss was dental caries. Mandibular arch was more affected than the maxillary arch. The most common type of partial edentulism was Kennedy’s class III.
Measurement of Anteroposterior diameters of normal brainstem by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Singh S. , Sharma BR , Bhatta M. , Poudel N.
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the anteroposterior diameter of brainstem (midbrain, pons and medulla) of normal Nepalese people to establish normal ranges and to correlate the measurement with pa­tient’s age and gender.

Method: The study is a cross-sectional prospective study which is per­formed in Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara. The data is collected over the period of 5 months from May 2018 to September 2018. The data of total 103 patients are collected who underwent (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI head. Measurements of sagittal diameter at predefined levels i.e. distance between upper border of pons to midway between superior and inferior colliculi (A) for midbrain, distance between an­terior surface of pons to the floor of fourth ventricle (B) for pons and anteroposterior diameter perpendicular to the long axis of medulla just above the posterior kink at cervicomedullary junction for medulla ob­longata were made and noted.

Result: The mean anteroposterior diameter of midbrain, pons and me­dulla oblongata was found to be 1.7048 ± 0.12 cm, 2.27 ± 0.13cm and 1.3 ± 0.088 cm respectively. The average ratio of sagittal diameter of pons to sagittal diameter of midbrain was 1.34 ± 0.099 cm and average ratio of sagittal diameter of pons to medulla oblongata was 1.75 ± 0.123 cm.

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation of the sagittal diameter of midbrain, pons and medulla with patient’s gender. The sagittal diameter of brainstem reached maximum at the age 20 and stopped increasing. The sagittal diameter of midbrain and medulla ob­longata decreased slightly after the age of 50 and decreased significant­ly after the age of 70. There was no decrease in the sagittal diameter of pons after age.
Laparoscopic surgery for intestinal obstruction in children due to water absorbing gel beads
Authors: Liang Zhou , Guangjun Hou , Xianjie Geng , Xianwei Zhang , Shah Jay N.
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Super absorbent polymer gel bead (SAPGB) is increasingly available as toys for children. When ingested it swells by absorbs water and leads to acute intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis and surgery is challenging as its radiolucent, fragile and slippery. We present outcome of our innovative technique of stabilization and removal SAPGBs by laparoscopy minimal invasive surgery (lap-MIS).

Methods: This retrospective analyse of outcome of lap-MIS in intestinal obstruction caused by ingestion of foreign body, the SAPGBs, in children who were managed at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, China. The outcome variables included removal of SAPGBs, length of hospital stay and postoperative occurrence of anastomotic leak, wound infection, wound dehiscence, re-surgery, or mortality.

Results: There were 15 children, male 9 (60%), average age 2 years, and duration of ingestion of SAPGBSs 1.5 days (range 2-4 days), parents gave history of accidental ingestion in 6 (40%). All children had uneventful postoperative recovery after lap-MIS removal of foreign body with no wound infection, anastomotic leak, re-surgery or mortality. Average hospital stay was 4 days (range 3 to 5 days).

Conclusions: We had successful outcome lap-MIS with our innovative technique to stabilize and extract foreign bodies, the super water absorbent gel beads, ingested by children.
Age specific clinicopathological profile of ovarian mass
Authors: Karki Laxmi R.C. , Bogati Nishchal
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Ovarian cancer is seventh leading cause of cancer death among women. Ovarian mass has age specific occurrence and may may help in screening and management plans. This study was conducted to determine the age-wise clinical profile of the ovarian mass.

Methods: This review done to analyse the histologically diagnosed ovarian masses in cases operated during three years at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Clinical profile of the patients and age-wise distribution of histological types of ovarian mass were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel.

Results: Peak incidence of ovarian tumor was in age group of 20-29 years with 93 (36%) cases out of 258 ovarian masses. All eight malignant tumors were in age group of ≥40 years. Neoplastic masses were 188 (72.9%), 95 (50.5%) germ cell tumor. In 70 (27.1%) non-neoplastic lesion, corpus luteal cyst were 24 (34.3%).

Conclusions: Peak incidence of ovarian tumor was seen in age group of 20-29 years. Germ cell tumors accounted for half of the neoplastic lesions. All malignant ovarian tumors were in found in age group ≥40 years.
Reflection on mandatory training workshop for intern doctors on "Research, Writing and Publication" at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
Authors: Daha Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2020

Not available.
Bremen’s trade with the North Atlantic, c. 1400–1700
Authors: Hofmeister Adolf E.
Published: January 2020

There is little evidence of Bremen merchants in Norway before the royal charters issued from 1279 onwards, even though Bremen had been the seat of the missionary archbishop for the Nordic countries since the ninth century. Trade in Bergen in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was dominated by the Hanseatic cities of the Baltic Sea coast led by merchants from Lübeck. Despite opposition from Hanseatic merchants sailing to Bergen, merchants from Hamburg and Bremen developed new trading posts to barter cod on Iceland and Shetland in the fifteenth century. Traders from Hamburg and Bremen on Iceland competed for licences issued by the Danish king. The 1558 debt register of a merchant from Bremen in Kumbaravogur provides considerable insight into this trade. The Danish king restricted sailings to Iceland to Danish merchants from 1601. On Shetland the Scottish foud allotted landing places to foreign skippers and traders. Merchants from Bremen became respected members of the island communities and in the seventeenth century they changed to trading in herring. Several tariff rate rises led to the end of Bremen sailings to Shetland by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bremen merchants in Norway succeeded in breaking the Lübeck dominance in Bergen in the sixteenth century. By 1600, other Norwegian harbours in the North Atlantic, notably Stavanger, were also destinations for ships from Bremen.
Cultural colonialism as a result of commercial activities: the linguistic perspective
Authors: Bauer Alessia
Published: January 2020

The Hanse played not only a prominent economical role in the North Atlantic but the Germans also consistently influenced the culture of the people with whom they interacted and traded. Their presence led to a sort of cultural colonialism in Northern Europe, which, among others things, substantially shaped the Scandinavian languages. For several reasons, the Icelandic language was not influenced in the same way as the other Scandinavian languages; yet, one can find some traces of German in administrative language dating back to the Middle Ages. Furthermore, ‘cultural colonization’ by the Germans also certainly took place through the Reformation in Iceland. It was the German merchants who took the first seeds of the new faith with them to Iceland and marked their ‘conquest’ by building a Lutheran church. In this way, the merchants – like colonialists – claimed a space on foreign ground for themselves, where language played a very central role.
The ships that headed north - an archaeological perspective
Authors: Belasus Mike
Published: January 2020

Information on ships that were used for the North Atlantic trade, mainly from Hamburg and Bremen, is scarce and, to date, has been completely derived from historical documents. This is problematic because the terms used for ship types do not represent technical definitions. As there is currently no direct archaeological evidence for the ships that headed north, finds of ships and ship timbers from other areas had been considered to offer a first glance into shipbuilding and the mechanisms of change in building methods. Two main building methods can be distinguished in the medieval period for sea-going and coastal craft: the bottom-based Bremen-type shipbuilding method and clinker shipbuilding methods. The new carvel shipbuilding method was established in the late fifteenth century in north-west Europe. The archaeological evidence shows that there was no immediate change over but that in many cases, there was instead a convergence to achieve flush carvel-built hulls. Considering the Bremen-type with its flat bottom and limited sailing abilities and the fact that the German merchants only started to participate in the North Atlantic trade in the late fifteenth century, the question arises of whether there were other technical issues that prevented them from this enterprise until they managed to gain the knowledge required to build ocean-going vessels that could withstand a journey of several weeks across the North Sea and Norwegian Sea.
A fifteenth-century shipwreck with Scandinavian features from Bremen. Interpreting the Beluga ship in the context of late medieval clinker construction in northwestern Europe
Authors: Zwick Daniel
Published: January 2020

While most of this volume’s contributions trace Hanseatic influences throughout the North Atlantic, this paper examines a possible counter-influence in the shape of a medieval shipwreck discovered in Bremen in 2007, the construction of which is reminiscent of the Scandinavian shipbuilding tradition. With its radially cleft planks, inlaid wool caulking and clinkerfastenings, the wreck displays a number of features that point typologically to a vernacular Scandinavian origin. However, the planks fall into two groups outside of Scandinavia: high quality wainscot planks cut in the Baltic region in the course of the fourteenth century, and a group of locally cut timber — arguably for repairs — dating from the second quarter of the fifteenth century. This period coincides with a peak of Baltic timber export, especially wainscot for shipbuilders. Hence, the wreck is discussed within the wider context of clinker-built wrecks from this period in general and wrecks built of Baltic oak in particular.
Notau – the Hanseatic harbour at Avaldsnes, south-west Norway: written sources, maps and place-names
Authors: Fyllingsnes Frode
Published: January 2020

Written sources, mostly of German origin from the fifteenth century, mention Notau, a Hanseatic harbour somewhere in the south-western part of Norway. Ships from towns, including Lübeck, Danzig and Kampen, called here. Dutch maps from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries show that Notau was situated on the island of Karmøy in Rogaland county. The placename ‘Nottå’ has been used in modern times for locations at two islands belonging to the royal farm of Avaldsnes. Most probably one of these islands was called ‘Nautøy’ in the medieval period, becoming Notau in German. The written sources indicate that the Germans built houses in Notau, where the merchants are likely to have traded with the inhabitants of the  region.
Maritime-archaeological investigations of the Hanseatic harbour at Avaldsnes
Authors: Elvestad Endre , Opedal Arnfrid
Published: January 2020

Investigations of the medieval harbour at the important royal manor of Avaldsnes, south-west Norway, revealed extensive underwater cultural layers and structures like ballast heaps and jetty foundations from the thirteenth until the early sixteenth century. The finds cover a large area and the conditions for preservation of the archaeological material is excellent. A waiting harbour at this strategic site along the fairway to Bergen probably got new functions and became the arena for intense activity during a 100-year period c. 1350–1450. The site known from written sources as Notau was most likely part of the same economic network as Bergen with ties to Hanseatic cities like Lübeck and Danzig. The pottery found on the sea bottom reveals an even wider range of international connections. The results have implications for the relationship between the Norwegian king and the Hanse and the Hanse’s activity outside of the medieval towns. The site is largely undisturbed by modern development and thus very well suited for future research.
Introduction: German trade in the North Atlantic
Authors: Gardiner Mark , Mehler Natascha
Published: January 2020

Trade from 1400 onwards had an impact upon the North Atlantic region quite out of proportion to its volume. The opening of a ready market for dried fish, in particular, but also cloth, train oil and sulphur encouraged the production for export on a much larger scale than before. In return, a greater range of finished goods and raw materials was supplied by German merchants. Initially, trade was channelled through Bergen, but this system broke down, largely because English merchants sailed to Iceland. From the 1470s onwards, the number of German ships travelling to Iceland and Shetland increased. The Danish government struggled to control the trade in their North Atlantic territories, but first in the Faroes and later in Iceland, they sought to impose greater restrictions on foreign merchants. The Danes licensed ships to trade at certain ports and from 1601 attempted to restrict the trade to their own merchants. The introduction summarizes the history of German trade in the North Atlantic, and outlines its economic and cultural impacts.
Hacia los primeros cincuenta años
Authors: Rodríguez Chávez Iván
Published: January 2020

ResumenEl presente texto es una revisión del camino institucional recorrido por la Universidad Ricardo Palma en sus primeros 50 años desde su creación en 1969. Se describe, además, las principales facultades, escuelas profesionales y programas de postgrado que brinda la universidad, prestando atención a logros y proyecciones hacia el futuro de cada una. Finalmente, se vincula el progreso y las perspectivas de mejora con el espíritu institucional que rige a nuestra casa de estudios. Palabras clave: Universidad Ricardo Palma, escuelas profesionales, postgrado, Gerardo Ramos, formación profesional

AbstractThis paper is the review of the institutional path followed by the Ricardo Palma University in these 50 years since its creation in 1969. Furthermore, there is a description of the main faculties, vocational schools and postgraduate programs provided by the university, while focusing on the achievements and future prospects of each of them. Finally, progress and improving outlooks are both linked to the institutional ethos that rules our education center.Keywords: Ricardo Palma university, vocational schools, postgraduate, Gerardo Ramos, vocational training
Horizonte de sentido histórico, modernidad y movimientos de la sociedad.
Authors: Mejía Navarrete Julio
Published: January 2020

ResumenEn un período de surgimiento de pensamientos retrógrados y nostálgicos, de la cultura de la desesperanza, es fundamental analizar la propuesta teórica de Aníbal Quijano de la emergencia de un horizonte de sentido histórico, del desarrollo de otro imaginario de futuro sustentado en valores morales de justicia humana, resultado de las respuestas de transformación que se generan en la mismas fuerzas y movimientos de la sociedad.Palabras clave: Horizonte de sentido histórico, modernidad, movimientos de la sociedad y dignidad 

AbstractIn a period of retrograde and wistful thoughts as well as despair, it is fundamental to analyze the theoretical proposal of Aníbal Quijano about the appearance of a historical horizon, of the development of another imaginary future based on moral values of justice. This is the result of the transformation responses, generated in the same forces and movements of the society.Keywords: Horizon of historical sense, modernity, movements of the society and dignity
La visión de la cultura peruana hacia el Bicentenario desde la perspectiva integracionista de Abraham Valdelomar
Authors: Pantigoso Pecero Manuel
Published: January 2020

ResumenEl estudio se inicia con el contenido político y social de la “República Aristocrática” (1899-1919) destacando el ideario y los principales escritores de las generaciones del Novecientos, del Centenario y del 30-36 para luego ubicar la cruzada nacionalista de Valdelomar, desde sus primeros impulsos hasta las giras exitosas por el norte y sur del país, especificando los temas transversales de sus conferencias: el amor a la patria, los valores, la educación, el arte y la estética, el autodidactismo.Palabras clave: Bicentenario, generaciones, integración, patriotismo, educación.

Abstract:This paper starts with the political and social context of the Aristocratic Republic (1899-1919), enhancing the main writers and their ideas from the Nine Hundreds Generation, the Centenary Generation and the generations from 1930 to 1936. Afterwards, the nationalist quest of the author Abraham Valdelomar will be developed from his first impetus to his successful tours in both the north and south of the country. The transversal topics of his lectures (love for one’s homeland, values, education, art, aesthetic and self-learning) will be stated.Keywords: Bicentenary, generations, integration, patriotism, education.
Notas en la neblina del tiempo para Miguel Gutiérrez
Authors: Maldonado Andrés
Published: January 2020

Estas notas, que tratan de recuperar momentos guardados en la bruma de la memoria, están motivadas porque se cumplen cincuenta años de la publicación de "El viejo saurio se retira" o "Los ejercicios espirituales", la primera novela de Miguel Gutiérrez Correa.
Influence of powder nitriding on the mechanical behavior of laser-powder bed fusion processed tool steel X30CrMo7-2
Authors: Stern Felix , Grabienski Felix , Walther Frank , Boes Johannes , Röttger Arne , Theisen Werner
Published: January 2020

Additive manufacturing allows for the production of highly complex structures due to its layer-wise local melting of powder material. For this reason, this technique has a high potential for manufacturing extremely lightweight components potential. However, laser based additive manufacturing is still restricted due to the limited amount of processable alloys, especially Fe-based materials. A main object in current research is to expand the varieties for steel that may be used. Additionally, the modification and optimization of steel powder is seen as an interesting aspect for improving the material properties of additively manufactured parts. In this work, secondary hardenable martensitic tool steel X30CrMo7-2 is investigated, starting from the raw powder which is enriched with nitrogen by gas nitriding and subsequently characterized to ensure the usability of the modified powder for laser-powder bed fusion. In a next step, the raw and nitrided powder are used to generate cylindrical specimens to allow for further analysis of the microstructure and for a mechanical characterization of compression behavior. Moreover, a variety of heat treatments is carried out. The higher content of nitrogen leads to an increase in porosity. However, the addition of nitrogen causes an increase in hardness and in the compressive yield point, especially after heat treatment. After tempering, compressive yield stress is increased from 1,111 MPa to 1990 MPa, while for conventional material it is slightly reduced from 1,316 MPa to 1225 MPa.
Increased load bearing capacity of mechanically joined FRP/metal joints using a pin structured auxiliary joining element
Authors: Heyser Per , Sartisson Vadim , Meschut Gerson , Droß Marcel , Dröder Klaus
Published: January 2020

Due to their excellent mechanical properties, fiber-reinforced plastics are increasingly being used in technical lightweight products. The multi-material design of fiber-reinforced plastic and metal leads to great lightweight constructions because the potential of the materials can be efficiently used for the specific field of application. This restricts conventional thermal joining technologies and shows the demand for cost-effective and efficient mechanical and adhesive joining technologies. This paper depicts the development of a new type of auxiliary joining element with integrated pin structures whose purpose is to increase the load-bearing capacity of mechanically joined fiber-reinforced plastic/metal combinations. In addition, the hole area of the fiber-reinforced plastic can be relieved in this way by transferring the operating loads into the laminate via the pin structures. In addition to experimental studies of the application methodology, the quasi-static and dynamic load-bearing capacity will be investigated. This paper presents detailed information about the development of the new auxiliary joining element and the characteristics of the joints, including corrosion effects generated by a corrosion camber.
Pênfigo foliáceo canino: relato de caso
Authors: De Carvalho Lima Gondim Adriana , Leite Araújo Adjanna Karla
Published: January 2020

Autoimmune diseases of the skin are due to antibody production or activation of lymphocytes against their own skin components, and are uncommon in small animals, but more common in dogs than in cats. Clinically, pemphigus foliaceus is characterized by alopecic, pustular and crusted lesions. However, these conditions are a challenge for the clinical diagnosis, as they are related to a large number of dermatopathies observed in companion animals. The diagnosis of the disease is made by observing the history, clinical signs of the patient and complementary exams such as cytology of the injured skin and histopathological examination of the lesions. The treatment is done with immunosuppressants, aiming to suppress the patient's immune response. Because the treatment is long, the animal should be accompanied with laboratory tests to assess the side effects related to prolonged use of immunosuppressants. The aim of this article was to report a case of Pemphigus foliaceus in a five years old female English bulldog patient who presented rapid response to corticosteroid treatment. Pemphigus foliaceus should be included as a clinical suspicion in patients with mainly pustular skin lesions, since a correct and early diagnosis is essential for the success of treatment.
Ultrassonografia modo-B na avaliação de testículos de ovinos
Authors: Ferreira Dias FRANCISCA ELDA FERREIRA DIAS , Alves Lacerda Lourânia , Ricardo Costa Aurélio , Martins Rodrigues Anna Karollyne , Sobreira Fidelis Cícero Antonio , Cavalcante Tânia , Felipe Lima Ana Kelen , Cardoso Rodrigues Samara Dias , Arrivabene Monica , Santos Denise
Published: January 2020

Our objective was to evaluate the testicular integrity of sheep by B-mode ultrasound. We used 16 male sheep of no defined breed, aged from 6 to 36 months weighing from 16 to 71kg, raised in semi-intensive system. Prior to the ultrasound evaluations, the males were weighed and a general inspection and palpation evaluation was performed to detect possible changes in the reproductive system by inspection and palpation. The ultrasound examination was performed fortnightly, obtaining images of each testis, corresponding to the positions: sagittal (longitudinal) and transverse (lateromedial), by a single operator, with the animal in quadrupedal position, without trichotomy, and manual restraint, using an ultrasound. (Honda® - HS1500V) coupled to a 7MHz linear transducer with 8.0 MHz frequency in all evaluations. It was possible to easily identify in the sonographic images the testicular parenchyma, mediastinum and the tunics delimiting the parenchyma. In the central region of the testicular parenchyma, the mediastinum, one line and one point are observed when evaluated in the sagittal and transverse planes respectively and always presented a hyperechoic characteristic in relation to the parenchyma. Testicular tunics, a characteristically hyperechoic structure delimiting the testicular parenchyma, were always observed in the images, visualized as a bright, hyperechogenic line that surrounds the testicular parenchyma separating it from the scrotum. Among the animals submitted to ultrasound examination, three of them one with 16 months of age in reproductive activity and two with 36 months and in sexual rest presented images with points suggestive of testicular calcifications observed until the end of the study. However, several studies did not correlate them with pathologies, and there are controversies regarding their presence when considering the age and composition of the finding. The testicular integrity of sheep can be assessed by B-mode ultrasound. Ultrasound examination of the genital system of sheep may be a useful technique that can be successfully and conveniently used for diagnostic purposes of the sheep testis.
Morfometria geométrica das asas permite verificar o posicionamento racial de abelhas africanizadas
Authors: Fernandes Patrick
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to determine possible differences between populations of Africanized bees in the coastal area and of the sertão of Piauí, as a technique using geometric morphometry. The material analyzed consisted of adult workers of Africanized bees from the coastal region and of the sertão of Piauí. It was used as a comparative reference breeds digital images of the wings of 50 individual’s subspecies of European, African, and 45 individuals of Africanized bees coming from Ribeirao Preto in morphometric analyzes. In total we analyzed 645 images of wings. In the morphometric analysis, we used the standards veined right forewing with 19 landmarks. For the studies of geometric morphometric, the pieces were recorded and analyzed with the aid of programs and tpsDig MorphoJ. In the analysis of canonical variables, were the first three variables necessary to accumulate 86% of the total variation. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in multivariate analysis among the seven groups. The squared Mahalanobis distances were statistically significant. By geometric morphometrics of the wings could differentiate the subspecies evaluated and check the positioning of racial Africanized bees Piauí. There is evident the existence of ecotypes among bees littoral and hinterland Piauí.
Dermatite atópica em uma cadela: Caso clínico
Authors: Barboza Walterez Geralda De , Barboza Walterez Geralda de Araujo , Souza Elaine Waite de , Paulino Andrea Moreira
Published: January 2020

Atopic dermatitis is usually caused by three types of allergens: pollen, mites and fungi. Subdivisions of allergic dermatoses are allergic to flea bite dermatitis, food allergy and atopic dermatitis. The diagnosis of Allergic Dermatoses is clinical and always done by exclusion. In dogs, Favrot's criteria are used. Existing laboratory tests are only complementary, as are intradermal or serological tests. Tricograms Aids in determining if alopecia is caused by self-injury and, in these cases, the tonsured (fractured) hair is observed. Cytology Should be performed on every animal with pruritus except for those with non-inflammatory alopecia. We can collect material by skin scraping or by the adhesive tape. The treatment of Allergic Dermatoses should be with antipruritic therapy, combat ectoparazites, combat opportunistic diseases, hydration, omega 3, and may also use immunimodulators, immunotherapy, ultraviolet light, autohemotherapy, and psychotropic.
Analgesia farmacológica em pequenos animais
Authors: Romeu Rogério , Rochelle Gorczak , Valandro Marilia Avila
Published: January 2020

Pain is known as the fifth vital sign, and it is extremely important to know how to recognize the signs of pain since animals cannot verbalize where it hurts and how painful it is. It is classified by means of pain scales already available in the veterinary medicine of small animals, it is essential, for then, after measuring and classifying this pain, administer a drug that can generate analgesia. Pain can be further classified by duration, acute or chronic, or by intensity, weak, moderate or severe. The most commonly used classes of drugs for pain control are those with analgesic potential, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, corticosteroids, antipyretic analgesics, local anesthetics, NMDA receptor antagonists, myorelaxants, α-receptor agonists -2-adrenergic agents, anticonvulsants and antidepressants. The association of two or more classes of drugs called multimodal is also used, in order to generate a synergy between the drugs and in this way to provoke a better analgesia. Well-made analgesia contributes to recovery in the postoperative period, besides providing greater comfort for the animals and thus reestablishing the freedoms that govern animal welfare.
Demodiciose em gatos domésticos: revisão
Authors: Valandro Marilia , Rochelle Gorczak
Published: January 2020

Demodiciosis is considered uncommon in feline dermatology. By contrast, in dogs, it is one of the most frequently seen skin changes in small animal clinics. It may be caused by the Demodex cati mite or D. gatoi and involvement of unnamed mites has been reported. Different diagnostic and treatment techniques have been recently studied, especially for canines, however, there are few current studies on the subject in felines, and thus, this literature review aims to compile this dermatopathy, describing its epidemiology, presentations. Current clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic options, as it are known that the domestic feline population has been on the rise in recent years, and there is a tendency to increase the number of dermatopathic care cases in this species, especially demodiciosis.
MEMAHAMI RASA INGIN TAHU REMAJA DITINJAU BERDASARKAN JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Nugroho Indra Prapto
Published: January 2020

Abstrak  Rasa ingin tahu diprediksi membantu remaja terus belajar dan tumbuh kembang didalam kehidupan. Rasa ingin tahu dapat digambarkan melalui sikap antusias remaja dengan mengamati, mendengar, mencari, dan menggali informasi untuk memperoleh kepastian akan kebenaran. Keingintahuan mengakibatkan remaja mendapatkan informasi baru yang memungkin remaja memiliki keyakinan dan termotivasi untuk mengeksplorasi lebih jauh perihal keingintahuannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan rasa ingin tahu remaja ditinjau berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif komparatif dengan menggunakan uji beda dengan penentuan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini harus disesuaikan dengan tujuan peneliti yakni termasuk dalam kategori remaja akhir dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 50 remaja laki-laki dan 50 remaja perempuan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Curiosity and Exploration Inventory yang diadaptasi oleh Kashdan, Rose & Finchan (2004) dengan model skala Likert yang dianalisa menggunakan uji hipotesis independent sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai t 2,088 dan uji signifikansi menunjukkan 0,004 < 0,05 artinya ada perbedaan rasa ingin tahu yang signifikan antara remaja laki-laki dan perempuan. __________________________________________________________ Abstract Curiosity is predicted, helping teenagers continue to learn and grow in life. Curiosity can be illustrated through the enthusiasm of teenagers by observing, listening, searching, and digging for information to obtain certainty about the truth. Curiosity causes teenagers to get new information that allows them to have confidence and be motivated to explore further about their curiosity. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in curiosity of teenagers by gender. The method used is a comparative quantitative approach using a different test with the determination of the sample used in this study must be adjusted to the objectives of the researcher that is included in the category of late teenagers with the number of participants is 50 boys and 50 girls. The data collection in this study was using the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory which was adapted by Kashdan, Rose & Finchan (2004) with a Likert scale model analyzed using hypothesis testing independent sample t-test. The results showed that the value of t was 2.088 and the significance test showed 0.004 <0.05, meaning there is a significant difference in curiosity between boys and girls.
TERAPI WUDU : SOLUSI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UNTUK MENCEGAH PERILAKU DELINKUENSI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH BERBASIS ISLAM
Authors: Pratiwi Adelia Oky Setya , Sari Novia Rissita
Published: January 2020

Sekolah berbasis islam merupakan sebuah lembaga pendidikan yang berperan penting sebagai pembentuk kecerdasan spiritual siswa untuk mengelola sikap dan perilakunya dengan baik. Faktanya, semakin lama masyarakat menganggap bahwa sekolah berbasis islam atau dikenal dengan madrasah sudah tidak mampu menjaga dan memelihara tradisi keagaamannya. Hal ini diperoleh dari temuan bahwasanya perilaku siswa sekolah menengah di sekolah umum yang dianggap lebih baik dibandingkan di sekolah berbasis islam. Perlu adanya peningkatan tradisi keagamaan di sekolah berbasis islam untuk mencegah perilaku delinkuensi atau perilaku yang melanggar norma pada siswa, salah satunya melalui layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Terapi wudu menjadi alternatif layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang akan disajikan dalam tulisan ini. Metode atau pendekatan penulisan ini menggunakan kepustakaan dan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menganalisis sumber-sumber data serta informasi yang relevan dengan tulisan. Dengan demikian, ditemukan hasil bahwasanya terapi wudu merupakan layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang sesuai diterapkan pada siswa sekolah menengah berbasis islam untuk mencegah perilaku delinkuensi.________________________________________________________________ The Islamic-based school is an educational institution that plays an important role as the defining spiritual intelligence of the student  to manage their attitudes and behavior well. In fact, many people consider that Islamic-based school or known as madrasa, is no longer able to preserve and maintain its religious traditions. This is obtained from the finding that the behavior of middle school’s students in public schools is considered better than in Islamic-based schools. There needs to be an increase in religious traditions in Islamic-based schools to prevent delinquency behavior or behavior that violates the value of students, one of which is through guidance and counseling services. Wudu therapy is an alternative guidance and counseling service that will be presented in this paper. This method or approach of this writing uses literature and data collection done by analyzing data sources and relevant information to this writing. Thus, it was found that wudu therapy is a guidance and counseling services that is suitable to be applied to Islamic middle school’s students to prevent delinquency behavior.
KEPRIBADIAN PROFESI KONSELOR ISLAMI DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Hartono Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Revolusi industri 4.0 yang ditandai kemajuan teknologi digital; kecerdasan buatan, komputer kuantum, internet of things, kendaraan tanpa awak  menimbulkan perubahan besar-besaran di berbagai bidang kehidupan, perubahan apapun dalam hidup ini akan mengakibatkan ketidak pastian, yang membutuhkan kemampuan untuk melakukan penyesuaian diri, kecemasan, ketakutan dan keputus asaan tetapi pada waktu yang sama juga menumbuhkan harapan, semangat baru untuk melakukan pengembangan diri. Dinamika pasang-surut dalam hidup ini merupakan peran profesi konselor yang memiliki obyek praktik spesifik melakukan pengembangan individu dan mengentaskan masalah yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan efektif sehari-hari, dengan demikian maka profesi konselor adalah profesi kehidupan yang akan tetap eksis bersama kehidupan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut artikel ini bertujuan merumuskan konsep kepribadian konselor islami sebagai aspek penting yang menentukan keberhasilan layanan konseling. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam pembahasan ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif melalui kajian kepustakaan yang bersumber dari al Qur’an, Hadits, sumber lain yang relevan sehingga nilai-nilai ajaran islam  menjadi dasar pembentukan karakteristik kepribadian konselor islami yang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi tuntutan perubahan dengan segala permasalahannya dan menjawab kebutuhan pengembangan diri dalam usaha meraih hidup yang berbahagia.________________________________________________________________ Revolution of industry 4.0 is marked by a digital technology development; artificial intelligence, quantum computer, internet of things, unmanned vehicle that cause big changer at any kinds of life sectors, any kinds of changes in this life affect uncertainty that need ability to adapt, worries, fear and hopeless, but at the same time, these cases also grow hopes, nuw spirit to do self development. Up and down dynamics in this life is a part of counselor profesion role whos has specific practice abyect do individual development and solve the problems that can broter daily afective lives. Thus counselor profession is life profession that will still exist together with lives. Based on the background above, the purpose of this article is to formulate concept of Islamic counselor profession as the important aspect to determine the success of counseling services of the era of industry 4.0. Method used in this discussion is qualitative descriptive through library study sourced from al Qur’an, hadits and other relevant sources so the values of islamic teachings as the base of forming characteristics of islamic counselor personality that is hope to be the solution of any change demends of problems and to respond the needs of self development as a way actualize own and exciting counseling service.
ANALISIS TRANSAKSIONAL DALAM SETTING KELOMPOK
Authors: Syahputra Yuda , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Netrawati Netrawati , Karneli Yeni , Hariyani Hariyani
Published: January 2020

Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis terapi transaksional dalam seting kelompok. Analisis transaksional pada mulanya direncanakan sebagai suatu bentuk treatment kelompok dan prosedur-prosedur terapeutik yang memberikan hasil dalam setting kelompok. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, yaitu serangkaian penelitian yang berkaitan dengan metode pengumpulan data perpustakaan, atau penelitian yang objek penelitiannya dieksplorasi melalui berbagai informasi perpustakaan (buku atau jurnal ilmiah) yang membahas tentang analisis transaksional dalam seting kelompok. Konsep dan teknik Analisis transaksional efektif diterapkan dalam sesi konseling kelompok. Analisis transaksional menyediakan pendekatan terstruktur yang memungkinkan anak-anak dan remaja untuk melihat hubungan antara apa yang mereka pelajari dalam keluarga mereka dan sikap mereka terhadap orang lain._________________________________________________________Transactional analysis is transactional psychotherapy that can be used in individual counseling, but is more suitable for use in group counseling (E. M. Berne, 1975). The purpose of this study was to analyze transactional therapy in group settings. Transactional analysis was originally planned as a form of group treatment and therapeutic procedures that gave results in group settings. This type of research is library research, which is a series of studies related to library data collection methods, or research whose object of research is explored through various library information (books or scientific journals) that discuss transactional analysis in group settings. Concepts and techniques of transactional analysis are effectively applied in group counseling sessions. Transactional analysis provides a structured approach that allows children and adolescents to see the relationship between what they learn in their families and their attitudes toward others
BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ETIKA PERGAULAN DI SEKOLAH PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 2 MARTAPURA
Authors: Rama Rama , Sultani Sultani , Anisah Laelatul
Published: January 2020

Observasi awal di SMPN 2 Martapura ditemukan siswa kurang menghargai teman lain. Seperti siswa yang mengejek teman, siswa berbicara kasar terhadap teman, siswa mengolok-olok nama orang tua teman, siswa keluar masuk kelas saat guru mengajar. Informasi guru BK ada permasalahan siswa saling pandang memandang dengan siswa lain yang berujung perkelahian dan siswa yang adu mulut dengan siswa lain yang berujung perkelahian, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan etika pergaulan siswa kelas VIII  SMP Negeri 2 Martapura dengan teknik sosiodrama dalam  layanan bimbingan kelompok. Penelitan ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yaitu pre-eksperimental design one-group pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Hasil pretest siswa ditemukan 10 siswa dengan skor terendah. Hasil posttest siswa ada peningkatan skor dari 10 siswa. Perhitungan uji wilcoxon pada data keseluruhan diperoleh nilai signifikansi (Sig). Sebesar 0,005 kurang dari 0,05. Hal ini berarti ada pengaruh  bimbingan kelompok teknik sosiodrama._________________________________________________________ The purpose of this study was to improve the social ethics of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Martapura with sociodrama techniques in group guidance services. The background of this research is the existence of a problem in students of SMP Negeri 2 Martapura, namely the lack of awareness of good ethical students in relationships in the school environment. This research is an experimental study, namely pre-experimental design one-group pretest and posttest. The procedure of this study was a pretest-treatment-posttest. The sample used was 10 students from 85 students in class VIII D, VIII E and VIII F in SMP Negeri 2 Martapura in the 2019/2020 school year with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using a measurement scale through a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire using Pearson Correlation and the reliability of the questionnaire using alpha cronbach. Analysis of the data in this study used descriptive statistical calculations and Wilcoxon test with the application of IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The conclusions of the results of this study indicate that there is an influence of sociodrama technical group guidance on improving the social ethics of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Martapura or acceptable.