bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VARIASI METODE DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN2 MARGATIGA SEMESTER GENAP TP 2013/2014
Authors: Fitriani Eni , Mulyani HRA
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of variations in the methods and models of teaching to student learning outcomes VIII SMPN2 MARGA TIGA.This research is experimental research which ofdesign completely randomized or completely randomized experimental design.The population in thisresearch is all of student VIII class in SMPN 2 MARGA TIGA2013/2014. The sample in this research is VIIIth class which totaling 34 students.In this research, conducted with three treatments of learning in a classroom.Data collection techniques in this research use the technique of the test, which tests the end (posttest) were then analyzed with the test results hipotesis. From posttest analysis results of hypothesis testing using one-way ANOVA test (Completely Randomized Design) at the 5% significance level value obtained results Fobs = 1.5244 and Ftab = 3.10 this shows that H0 is accepted and means variety of methods and learning models provide a similar impact on student learning outcomes.It can be concluded that all three treatments had similar quality if tailored to the needs of all three materials.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK BERMAIN KARTU PINTAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA
Authors: Surahmadi Bambang
Published: March 2017

This study aims to determine the application of smart card-playing techniques to improve learning motivation and learning outcomes of science learners. The medium used is a smart card, a card which contains information contained in the subject matter learning objectives are packaged in the form of questions and answers. The research was conducted in SMP Negeri 1 Temanggung learners of class VIII G in 2nd semester Academic Year 2014/2015. The method used is a Class Action Research. Data collection methods used were questionnaires, pre-test and post-test. The research data in the form of learning outcomes IPA concept of test and motivation to learn is obtained from the questionnaire motivation. Statistical analysis showed in the first cycle an average yield is 56,67of pretest increased to an average is 70,58of posttes; the second cycle average is 62,24of pretest increased to an average is 80,86of posttest and third cycle average is 70,26 of pretest increased to an average is 84,24 of posttest While the motivation of learners increased by 86% from the prior-treated. Based on the results of the research, processing and data analysis and hypothesis testing measures taken in this study, we concluded that the application of smart card play technique can enhance learning motivation and learning outcomes of class VIIIG students of SMP Negeri 1 Temanggung.This study aims to determine the application of smart card-playing techniques to improve learning motivation and learning outcomes of science learners. The medium used is a smart card, a card which contains information contained in the subject matter learning objectives are packaged in the form of questions and answers. The research was conducted in SMP Negeri 1 Temanggung learners of class VIII G in 2nd semester Academic Year 2014/2015. The method used is a Class Action Research. Data collection methods used were questionnaires, pre-test and post-test. The research data in the form of learning outcomes IPA concept of test and motivation to learn is obtained from the questionnaire motivation. Statistical analysis showed in the first cycle an average yield is 56,67of pretest increased to an average is 70,58of posttes; the second cycle average is 62,24of pretest increased to an average is 80,86of posttest and third cycle average is 70,26 of pretest increased to an average is 84,24 of posttest While the motivation of learners increased by 86% from the prior-treated. Based on the results of the research, processing and data analysis and hypothesis testing measures taken in this study, we concluded that the application of smart card play technique can enhance learning motivation and learning outcomes of class VIIIG students of SMP Negeri 1 Temanggung.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FUNGSI ADAPTASI, PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN, INTEGRASI, DAN PEMELIHARAAN SISTEM DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA
Authors: Sunarti Euis , Nuryani Nia , Hernawati Neti
Published: March 2017

AGIL (Adaptation, Goal attainment, Integration, and Latency) is refers to the functions that indicate a system capability of the to sustain. In this research, a system refers to a family system. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation among research’s variables i.e., family social economic characteristics, AGIL family functions and family welfare. The research design was a cross sectional study and involved 120 samples that chosen from this research’s sampling frame. Result of research showed that there were positive significant correlation between: (i) adaptation with goal attainment, (ii) goal attainment with integration, and (iii) integration with latency. Those mean that the more adaptation being done, the more aims that the family want to achieve; then the more and the better integration and latency in functions of the family. Beside that, there were also positive significant correlation among adaptation, goal attainment and objective welfare. Those mean that the more adaptation function being done and the more aims that family want to achieve; then the higher the family objective welfare. Latency function of family had a positive correlation with subjective welfare. It means that the better latency in poor farmer families lead the higher the family subjective welfare.
PENGARUH NILAI EKONOMI PEKERJAAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA SUBYEKTIF
Authors: Puspitawati Herien
Published: March 2017

The analysis of the economic value of wives’ household productions is less likely to be paid attention. The aims of this study were to measure the economic value of wives’ household productions and the factors that affected the economic value of household productions and family subjective quality of life. The study was conducted at Hambaro Village, Sub-District of Nanggung, Bogor that was chosen purposively, in April to August 2008, by using cross sectional study design. The samples were 110 housewives. Results showed that the average of economic value of household productions done by housewives was around Rp 6.223,00 daily. It was found that most of families were categorized as poor families both from an income approach and from an expenditure approach. The results also showed that mothers tend to allocate their time longer for her female than male child under five years old (for caring and parenting), thus, the economic value of household productions for parenting domestic activities was higher for female than male child. Moreover, the economic value was lower with the increased of child age, however, the value was higher with the higher the numbers of child under five years old. The results also showed that there were positive effects of numbers of family members, the length of husband’s education, wife’s age, the child’s age, expenditure/capita/month and the economic value of household productions for maintaining home activities toward the family subjective quality of life. Lastly, there was a negative effect of husband’s age towards the family subjective quality of life.
ANALISIS DAN STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN MAHASISWA IPB TERHADAP PENYELENGGARAAN AKADEMIK
Authors: Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Simanjuntak Megawati , Khairati Amalia
Published: March 2017

Consumer is the determinant factor for the quality of services. Students as the one of stakeholders of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) needed to be given the best services. The aimed of this research were to analyze students satisfaction on academic performance in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) as well as the strategy to improve students satisfaction. The design of this research was cross sectional study, which carried out in IPB campus, Darmaga-Bogor, West Java for six months since September 2006 to February 2007. Number of samples were 600 students. The result showed that the atributs which needed to be improve in input stage were curriculum appropriateness with the expected competency and system information of incoming students by IPB and department. Meanwhile, on process stage the main priorities to be improved were the appropriateness of material lecture with current condition, the examples used to explain the lecture material, method of delivering lecture material orally, audio-visual equipment, teacher’s effort to make learning process lively, the ease of students to write down and understanding the lecture material, the implementation of learning process evaluation, administrative services in preparation class, teachers and students interaction, grade announcement, last assignment preparation including field study, last assignment administration, passing letter process in faculty, the convenience and cleanness of class, the appropriateness of number tools with number of students in laboratory, field work facility, references collection and the ease of references searching in library, last assignment and middle assignment scheduling, transcript of semester emerging, and also administration services. Whereas in output stage, decision making ability and planning implementation became main priority.
PARENTING STYLE IN FAMILY WITH ADOLESCENT CHILD: FAMILY ECOLOGY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Putri Sinta Susanto , Ling Lin Shu
Published: March 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh faktor ekologis terhadap gaya pengasuhan, dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh status sosial ekonomi, etnis, dukungan sekolah, dan masyarakat/lingkungan dukungan orang tua dalam penerapan gaya pengasuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang menggunakan metode survei sebagai desain penelitian dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah para ibu dari 400 orang siswa dari kelas 10 hingga kelas 12 di SMU Budhi Warman I, Jakarta Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai orang tua [subscale goal incentives from children] memiliki perbedaan yang nyata berdasarkan etnis yang dimiliki oleh ayah, etnis ibu [subscale continuity, tradition, and security], dan status sosial ekonomi [subscale happiness and affection]. Dalam hal gaya pengasuhan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada gaya pengasuhan berdasarkan etnis ayah (gaya pengasuhan permisif) dan status sosial ekonomi (gaya pengasuhan otoriter). Hubungan keluarga-sekolah dan hubungan keluarga-masyarakat memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan dengan nilai orang tua dan dengan gaya pengasuhan. Sebaliknya, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa status sosial ekonomi dan etnis tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai orang tua dan gaya pengasuhan. Beberapa analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa nilai orang tua merupakan moderator parsial yang signifikan untuk menengahi hubungan antara hubungan keluarga-sekolah dan keluarga-masyarakat berkaitan dengan gaya pengasuhan.
PERSEPSI, SIKAP, DAN STRATEGI KOPING KELUARGA MISKIN TERKAIT PROGRAM KONVERSI MINYAK TANAH KE LPG DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Latifah Eka Wulida , Hartoyo Hartoyo , Guhardja Suprihatin
Published: March 2017

Nowadays, the increasing of energy demand is related to the growth of economy activities and the growth of population. The increasing of Indonesian population over years and the increasing of variaty of economy activities and its output within society causing increasing demand of energy being something that cannot be avoided. In addition, Indonesia’s dependable to energy had increased the demand of energy. Meanwhile, energy reserve is running low both in Indonesia and the world. Energy crisis that happen this time trigger various side to do new experiments especially that concern to public policy. One of the step strived by the government to overcome this kerosene crisis is the conversion from kerosene to LPG. The conversion from Kerosene to LPG program is one of the efforts that done by government to decrease dependency society towards kerosene. The aim of this study was to analyze of the poor family respons to cerosene convertion program to LPG in Sindang Barang Village and Cikaret Village, Bogor City. The Study implemented cross sectional and survey method through the process of purposive sampling procedures. One of the criteria of the study location was the location that had the highest quantity which received cerosene convertion program to LPG. The samples of the family were chosen randomly from the chosen location. The total of samples was 60 families. The study used descriptive analysis that contains of secondary data, literature study, and primary data (from questionnaire). Beside that, Pearson correlation dan linear regression was used to analyze data. The result found out that 18,33% of the samples were actually not really receive the program. Around 60% of the family had monthly expense per capita of Rp 222.123,00 which was below the poverty line. Kerosene conversion program is proved to decrease family expenditure at kerosene user who converts to LPG user. This is showed by expenditure depreciation existence after conversion program is carried out around Rp 66.400,00 every month (used kerosene prices before program) and Rp 202.350,00 every month (used kerosene prices after program). But for samples that convert from to LPG, the expenditure rise from          Rp 10.250,00 every month become Rp 44.700,00 every month.The study also found that in general, most of LPG user ask money to the extended family and cook in their family when they havenot money to buy LPG refill. The Government wished can give the sosialization a good way to use LPG, not only give the information that LPG is safe, clean, cheap, and good for environment. Besides that, its need to empower society in order to prepare money to buy LPG refill.
"Estrategias de interpretación de oraciones relativas con doble antecedente en español"
Authors: Tena Dávalos Jimena , Pérez Álvarez Bernardo E.
Published: March 2017

El artículo presenta el resultado de tres pruebas para el análisis de estrategias de resolución de ambigüedad en oraciones de relativo con doble antecedente en español. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de un procesamiento integral de la información lingüística que incluye recursos de la sintaxis, de la semántica y de la pragmática, en contraposición a la hipótesis de un módulo sintáctico como procesador central. La variación observada en los resultados apoya la tesis de un procesamiento integral de la complejidad lingüística, donde la falta de información en alguno de los módulos se complementa con la información de los otros.
The Slow Poisoning of Black Bodies: A Lesson in Environmental Racism and Hidden Violence
Authors: Turner Rita
Published: March 2017

The first half of this piece is an essay exploring environmental racism through the lens of the lead poisoning of Freddie Gray. The essay outlines some details of Gray’s lead poisoning and gives background and examples of how environmental degradation and exposure to toxins disproportionately affects people of color and the poor. The author argues that justice cannot be had while ignoring environmental racism, as unjust environmental conditions devalue Black bodies and the potential of Black and poor children worldwide. The second half of this piece contains a lesson plan for teachers to use along with this essay in high school and college classrooms. The lesson further explores definitions and examples of environmental racism, and asks students to research current cases of environmental injustice, use creative and analytical writing to reflect on what they’ve learned, and work with local community members to address an issue of environmental racism.
Normal Variants of the Circle of Willis in patients undergoing CT Angiography
Authors: Prasad V Natraj , Chhetri Pramod Kumar , Paudel Arun
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: The Circle of Willis represents the important anastomotic cerebral vessels at the base of the brain. Variation in the Circle of Willis is common. A complete or normal Circle of Willis varies widely in the literature. As no prior data on the variations of Circle of Willis is available on Nepalese population, this study was undertaken in patients undergoing CT Angiography.Materials & Methods: During the period July 2016 till Dec 2016, 65 patients who were referred for brain CT Angiography (Toshiba Aquilion Prime 160 slice Multi Detector CT scanner) from medicine, neurology and neuro-surgery were included in the study. CT scans were taken from the base of skull to the vertex. In addition to the axial source data, post-processed multiplanar reformatted (MPR), maximum-intensity projection (MIP), and 3D volume-rendering (VR) images were evaluated. Results: Of the 65 patients who underwent CT Angiography a normal or complete Circle of Willis was seen in only 35.4 % (23 patients). The most common variant of the Circle of Willis was a hypoplastic Pcom seen in 26.2 % (17 patients). This was followed by fetal origin of PCA seen in 13.8 % (9 patients). An absent Pcom and hypoplastic / absent Acom was in 12.3 % each (8 patients each). Conclusion: Variation in the Circle of Willis is common. Variations in the posterior portion of the Circle of Willis are more common than the anterior portion.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing in elderly population: A study in medicine out-patient department
Authors: Sah Ajit Kumar , Jha Rajesh Kumar , Sah Phoolgen , Basnet Sangharshila
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: Older individuals often suffer from multiple systemic diseases and are particularly more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing. Inappropriate medication can cause serious medical problem for the elderly. The study was conducted with objectives to determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) prescribing in older Nepalese patients in a medicine outpatient department.Materials & Methods: A prospective observational analysis of drugs prescribed in medicine out-patient department (OPD) of a tertiary hospital of central Nepal was conducted during November 2012 to October 2013 among 869 older adults aged 65 years and above. The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in elderly patients was analysed using Beer’s Criteria updated to 2013. Results: In the 869 patients included, the average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 5.56. The most commonly used drugs were atenolol (24.3%), amlodipine (23.16%), paracetamol (17.6%), salbutamol (15.72%) and vitamin B complex (13.26%). The total number of medications prescribed was 4833. At least one instance of PIM was experienced by approximately 26.3% of patients when evaluated using the Beers criteria. Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate medications are highly prevalent among older patients attending medical OPD and are associated with number of medications prescribed. Further research is warranted to study the impact of PIMs towards health related outcomes in these elderly.
Choledochal Cyst: Their clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment in central Nepal: a retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Jalan Aditya , Patowary Bhupendra Nath
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital malformation involving the cystic dilatation of intrahepatic and/ or extra-hepatic bile duct. The estimated incidence is one in 1000 live birth in Asian population with female to male ratio 3:1. The objective of the study was to study the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of choledochal cyst in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, NepalMaterials & Methods:  A retrospective review of the records of all the patients who were diagnosed as choledochal cyst and underwent medical or operative intervention in our hospital from January 2013- January 2015. Results: We analyzed ten cases of choledochal cyst. The condition commonly affected the age group was six to 10 years with and female preponderance (70%). Most common presenting symptom was pain abdomen (100%) and  jaundice (50%). However classical triad of abdominal pain, jaundice, and an abdominal mass was not seen in any of the cases. Ultrasonography was diagnostic in all cases. Todani type I cyst was the most common type. Nine out of ten cases underwent complete cyst excision with cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy without any major complication.Conclusion: Choledochal cyst is a clinical condition that is conveniently diagnosed on ultrasound and has a rewarding outcome if operated
Dental Implants and General Dental Practitioners of Nepal: A study of existing knowledge and need for further education
Authors: Dhami Bhageshwar , Shrestha Priti , Lamichhane Bikash , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Gupta Sujaya
Published: March 2017

Background & Objectives: The use of dental implants in partially or completely edentulous patients has proved effective and an accepted treatment modality with predictable long-term success. Dental implants are becoming a popular choice for replacing the missing teeth because of increased awareness about implants both in dentists and patients. The objective of the study was to assess the basic knowledge and education about dental implants among general dental practitioners (GDPs) of Nepal.Materials & Methods:  A cross sectional questionnaire was carried out among 110 GDPs which consist of twenty questions that were divided into three categories; first with some basic knowledge in implant dentistry, second with clinical knowledge of dental implants and third with dental implant education and training.Results: Out of 110 GDPs, 72.7% had basic knowledge about implant dentistry and 65.5% were not aware about advance surgical procedures like sinus lift and guided bone regeneration. All the GDPs were positive regarding more training and education in dental implants and 95.5% of them would like to incorporate dental implant treatment in their practice in future. Conclusion: GDPs should have adequate knowledge and training of dental implants which can be incorporated at undergraduate or post doctoral level so that they are skilled to provide quality dental implant therapy to their patients confidently.
Promising but Uncertain Work: Inventing and Reinventing the Research Exchange Index (REx)
Authors: Fishman Jenn
Published: March 2017

The Research Exchange Index (REx) is a new digital imprint affiliated with the WAC Clearinghouse. Its first publication, REx 1, is the inaugural edition of a searchable database that contains unique, peer-reviewed information about empirical studies of writing conducted between 2000 and the present. The ten-year history of the development of these resources provides insight into digital scholarly publishing in rhetoric and composition/writing studies. In particular, the evolution of REx highlights some of the ways that new modes of scholarly communication triangulate access, rigour, and inclusion within the discipline. A success story of sorts, the history of REx also raises questions about the impact of digital scholarly publishing and its sustainability.
The Art of No
Authors: Hunter Sian M.
Published: March 2017

The author describes some of the more unusual author requests she has had to refuse in her years as an acquisitions editor. The essay comes from a talk the author gave at the 2016 annual meeting of the Association of American University Presses for a panel called This Acquisitions Life.
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque instability and cognition determined by ultrasound-measured plaque strain in asymptomatic patients with significant stenosis
Authors: Dempsey Robert J. , Varghese Tomy , Jackson Daren C. , Wang Xiao , Meshram Nirvedh H. , Mitchell Carol C. , Hermann Bruce P. , Johnson Sterling C. , Berman Sara E. , Wilbrand Stephanie M.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

This article describes the use of ultrasound measurements of physical strain within carotid atherosclerotic plaques as a measure of instability and the potential for vascular cognitive decline, microemboli, and white matter changes.

METHODS

Asymptomatic patients with significant (> 60%) carotid artery stenosis were studied for dynamic measures of plaque instability, presence of microemboli, white matter changes, and vascular cognitive decline in comparison with normative controls and premorbid state.

RESULTS

Although classically asymptomatic, these patients showed vascular cognitive decline. The degree of strain instability measured within the atherosclerotic plaque directly predicted vascular cognitive decline in these patients thought previously to be asymptomatic according to classic criteria. Furthermore, 26% of patients showed microemboli, and patients had twice as much white matter hyperintensity as controls.

CONCLUSIONS

These data show that physical measures of plaque instability are possible through interpretation of ultrasound strain data during pulsation, which may be more clinically relevant than solely measuring degree of stenosis. The data also highlight the importance of understanding that the definition of symptoms should not be limited to motor, speech, and vision function but underscore the role of vascular cognitive decline in the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerotic disease.

Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02476396 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The Problem of Inclusion in Deliberative Environmental Valuation
Authors: Vargas Andrés , Alex Lo , Howes Michael , Rohde Nicholas
Published: March 2017

The idea of inclusive collective decision-making is important in establishing democratic legitimacy, but it fails when citizens are excluded. Stated-preference methods of valuation, which are commonly used in economics, have been criticised because the principle of willingness to pay may exclude low-income earners who do not have the capacity to pay. Deliberative valuation has been advocated as a way to overcome this problem, but deliberation may also be exclusive. In this review, two deliberative valuation frameworks are compared. The first is grounded on the idea of rational discourse that emphasises argument at the expense of other communicative strategies. It seeks to secure inclusion through procedural rules and prerequisites, but fails to address the underlying democratic limitation of argumentation. The second does not rely on the distinction between rational and rhetorical speech, and therefore admits alternative forms of communication. This approach recognises differences in the communicative capacities and practices of those who take part in deliberation, and so is better equipped to improve, though not to guarantee, inclusion.
Game Theory and the Self-Fulfilling Climate Tragedy
Authors: Kopec Matthew
Published: March 2017

Game theorists tend to model climate negotiations as a so-called ‘tragedy of the commons’. This is rather worrisome, since the conditions under which such commons problems have historically been solved are almost entirely absent in the case of international greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, I will argue that the predictive accuracy of the tragedy model might not stem from the model's inherent match with reality but rather from the model's ability to make self-fulfilling predictions. I then sketch some possible ways to dispel the tragedy, including (1) recognising some ways the assumptions of the model fail, (2) taking seriously recent work suggesting that increasing greenhouse gas emissions is not in most nations’ own self-interest, and (3) preferring alternative models like collective risk dilemmas, bargaining games, or cooperative models.
Emotions and personality traits in argumentation: An empirical evaluation
Authors: Villata Serena , Cabrio Elena , Jraidi Imène , Benlamine Sahbi , Chaouachi Maher , Frasson Claude , Gandon Fabien
Published: March 2017

Argumentation is a mechanism to support different forms of reasoning such as decision making and persuasion and always cast under the light of critical thinking. In the latest years, several computational approaches to argumentation have been proposed to detect conflicting information, take the best decision with respect to the available knowledge, and update our own beliefs when new information arrives. The common point of all these approaches is that they assume a purely rational behavior of the involved actors, be them humans or artificial agents. However, this is not the case as humans are proved to behave differently, mixing rational and emotional attitudes to guide their actions. Some works have claimed that there exists a strong connection between the argumentation process and the emotions felt by people involved in such process. We advocate a complementary, descriptive and experimental method, based on the collection of emotional data about the way human reasoners handle emotions during debate interactions. Across different debates, people’s argumentation in plain English is correlated with the emotions automatically detected from the participants, their engagement in the debate, and the mental workload required to debate. Results show several correlations among emotions, engagement and mental workload with respect to the argumentation elements. For instance, when two opposite opinions are conflicting, this is reflected in a negative way on the debaters’ emotions. Beside their theoretical value for validating and inspiring computational argumentation theory, these results have applied value for developing artificial agents meant to argue with human users or to assist users in the management of debates.
System Productivity of Potato + Maize Intercropping as Affected by Sowing Date
Authors: Begum AA , Bhuiya MSU , Hossain SMA , Khatun Amina , Das SK , Sarker MY
Published: March 2017

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2009-2010 to find out suitable sowing time of maize in potato + maize intercropping for maximum yield and economic return. Treatments of the experiment were: T1= Simultaneous sowing (SS) of potato and hybrid maize (HM), T2= SS of potato and composite maize (CM), T3= HM sown 10 days after potato planting (DAPP), T4= CM sown 10 DAPP, T5= HM sown 20 DAPP, T6= CM sown 20 DAPP, T7= HM sown 30 DAPP, T8= CM sown 30 DAPP, T9= HM sown 40 DAPP, T10 = CM sown 40 DAPP, T11= Sole potato, T12= Sole HM and T13= Sole CM. The result revealed that sole potato and maize produced the highest yield, LAI, TDM and CGR. The HM showed better performance than CM. The highest equivalent yield a monetary return indicated that potato + HM sown 30 DAPP intercropping was the most productive and profitable.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 11-20
Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Locally Improved Rice Varieties in Rice Based Tidal Flooded Ecosystem of Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun MAA , Haque MM , Khaliq QA , Karim MA , Karim AJMS , Mridha AJ , Saleque MA
Published: March 2017

An on farm field experiment was conducted to evaluate locally improved aman rice varieties in terms of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in southern region of Bangladesh. The treatments were: i. deep placement of urea (UDP) before panicle initiation stage and ii. farmers practice (FP/control). The locally popular rice varieties were used as planting materials. Higher panicles m-2 and grains panicle-1 was obtained from UDP application compared to FP. Nitrogen fertilization increases grain and straw nitrogen content significantly. Application of urea before panicle initiation stage gave considerable higher grain yield in all cultivated varieties. Cultivated aman varieties produced 2.0 to 2.5 t ha-1 grain without application of N fertilizer. But, cultivated local variety Razashail, Kutiagoni, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Lalmota and Sadamota gave 3.0 to 3.5 t ha-1 grain in tidal prone areas with UDP. Hence, application of urea gave yield advantage by 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1. The highest internal, agronomic, recovery and physiological efficiency; nitrogen harvest and grain yield efficiency index was obtained from Kutiagoni, Lalpayka, Sadachikon, Sadapajam, Moulata and Lalmota. Based on the yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, it could be concluded that UDP before panicle initiation stage is an effective option of urea application for rice cultivation in tidal prone areas.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 39-49
Effect of Low Cost Drip Tape Irrigation System on Yield and Economics of Sweet Corn
Authors: Archana HA , Raja N Asoka , Mahesh R , Kalpana R
Published: March 2017

A study was conducted to determine the effect of low cost drip tape irrigation system on yield and economics of sweet corn in comparison to conventional inline drip irrigation and surface irrigation systems during 2013-14 at Coimbatore, India. The treatment comprises of two drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125% of pan evaporation (PE) from Class A Pan evaporimeter. Plant height, fresh cob length, girth, number of kernels per cob and single fresh cob weight and yield were higher at 125% PE in conventional in line drip irrigation system and it was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 125% PE in low cost drip tape irrigation system. Water saving was 36, 49 and 62% at 125, 100 and 75% PE, respectively under conventional in line drip irrigation system and drip tape irrigation system as against the surface irrigation. The cost of low cost drip tape system was 68% lower than the conventional inline drip system. The results of the research indicated that based on net income, B:C ratio and GM/TMV ratio, adoption of low cost drip tape irrigation system at 125% PE was found to be best for small and marginal farmers with substantial yield and income compared to conventional inline drip system.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 71-77
Status of Nutrient Elements in Rice Grain in Relation to Silicon Accumulation Pattern During Grain Filling
Authors: Ansari Tahmid Hossain , Iwasaki Kozo , Yoshida Tetsushi , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Miyazaki Akira
Published: March 2017

Rice varieties Tadukan (indica), Nanjing 11(indica), Nipponbare (japonica) and Arborio (javanica) were tested to find out the content and accumulation pattern of Si in the hull and brown rice during the grain filling periodand the changes in the weight or the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg both in the hull and brown rice. The largest increment in the hull weight during heading to maturity was observed for Arborio. The content of Si in the hull and brown rice increased gradually until 30 days after heading. At maturity, the amount of Si in the brown rice was one twentieth of the hull, irrespective of the cultivars. During the GFP, the increment of Si content was highest in Arborio among the cultivars, and the increase of Si content in the hull of was more remarkable than that of Si concentration. Furthermore, Si concentration in the hull of Tadukan was comparable to Arborio, despite the low Si content. These results suggested that the high amount of Si in the hull of Arborio was accomplished by the high number of silica cells on the large grain surface rather than the increased deposition of Si in each silica cell. Both the content and concentration of N and P in the hull decreased until maturity and twas negatively related to the accumulation of Si in the hull. In brown rice, the content of these elements increased with time although the changes in concentrations were slight andmost pronounced in Arborio. Therefore, it was supposed that the heavy accumulation of Si in the hull was the cause of enhanced accumulation of other elements in the brown rice. In addition, observation of Si distribution on the abaxial surface of lemma by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis revealed heavy deposition of Si on the dentate protuberances of the hull, which was supposed to be one of the reasons for different hull weight among the cultivars.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 125-137
Foreword to the Special Issue on Uralic Languages
Authors: Pirinen Tommi A , Trosterud Trond , Tyers Francis M. , Vincze Veronika , Simon Eszter , Rueter Jack
Published: March 2017

In this introduction we have tried to present concisely the history of language technology for Uralic languages up until today, and a bit of a desiderata from the point of view of why we organised this special issue. It is of course not possible to cover everything that has happened in a short introduction like this. We have attempted to cover the beginnings of the (Uralic) language-technology scene in 1980’s as far as it’s relevant to much of the current work, including the ones presented in this issue. We also go through the Uralic area by the main languages to survey on existing resources, to also form a systematic overview of what is missing. Finally we talk about some possible future directions on the pan-Uralic level of language technology management.
Techno-Mathematical Discourse: A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Classroom Discussions
Authors: Anderson-Pence Katie
Published: March 2017

Extensive research has been published on the nature of classroom mathematical discourse and on the impact of technology tools, such as virtual manipulatives (VM), on students’ learning, while less research has focused on how technology tools facilitate that mathematical discourse. This paper presents an emerging construct, the Techno-Mathematical Discourse (TMD) framework, as a means for analyzing and interpreting aspects of learning when students use technological representations to mediate mathematical discussions. The framework focuses on three main components: classroom discourse, technology tools, and mathematical tasks. This paper examines each of these components, and then illustrates the framework using examples of students’ exchanges while interacting with virtual manipulatives. The TMD Framework has applications relevant to teachers, teacher educators, and researchers concerning how technology tools contribute to discourse in mathematics classrooms. The TMD framework addresses a critical issue in mathematics education, in that classroom teachers and researchers need to understand how technology facilitates classroom interactions and how to best leverage technology tools to enhance students’ learning of mathematics.
Effects of Syngas Cooling and Biomass Filter Medium on Tar Removal
Authors: Thapa Sunil , Bhoi Prakashbhai , Kumar Ajay , Huhnke Raymond
Published: March 2017

Biomass gasification is a proven technology; however, one of the major obstacles in using product syngas for electric power generation and biofuels is the removal of tar. The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate effectiveness of tar removal methods by cooling the syngas and using wood shavings as filtering media. The performance of the wood shavings filter equipped with an oil bubbler and heat exchanger as cooling systems was tested using tar-laden syngas generated from a 20-kW downdraft gasifier. The tar reduction efficiencies of wood shavings filter, wood shavings filter with heat exchanger, and wood shavings filter with oil bubbler were 10%, 61%, and 97%, respectively.
The Evaluation on the Cadmium Net Concentration for Soil Ecosystems
Authors: Yao Yu , Wang Pei-Fang , Wang Chao , Hou Jun , Miao Ling-Zhan
Published: March 2017

Yixing, known as the “City of Ceramics”, is facing a new dilemma: a raw material crisis. Cadmium (Cd) exists in extremely high concentrations in soil due to the considerable input of industrial wastewater into the soil ecosystem. The in situ technique of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), the ex situ static equilibrium approach (HAc, EDTA and CaCl2), and the dissolved concentration in soil solution, as well as microwave digestion, were applied to predict the Cd bioavailability of soil, aiming to provide a robust and accurate method for Cd bioavailability evaluation in Yixing. Moreover, the typical local cash crops—paddy and zizania aquatica—were selected for Cd accumulation, aiming to select the ideal plants with tolerance to the soil Cd contamination. The results indicated that the biomasses of the two applied plants were sufficiently sensitive to reflect the stark regional differences of different sampling sites. The zizania aquatica could effectively reduce the total Cd concentration, as indicated by the high accumulation coefficients. However, the fact that the zizania aquatica has extremely high transfer coefficients, and its stem, as the edible part, might accumulate large amounts of Cd, led to the conclusion that zizania aquatica was not an ideal cash crop in Yixing. Furthermore, the labile Cd concentrations which were obtained by the DGT technique and dissolved in the soil solution showed a significant correlation with the Cd concentrations of the biota accumulation. However, the ex situ methods and the microwave digestion-obtained Cd concentrations showed a poor correlation with the accumulated Cd concentration in plant tissue. Correspondingly, the multiple linear regression models were built for fundamental analysis of the performance of different methods available for Cd bioavailability evaluation. The correlation coefficients of DGT obtained by the improved multiple linear regression model have not significantly improved compared to the coefficients obtained by the simple linear regression model. The results revealed that DGT was a robust measurement, which could obtain the labile Cd concentrations independent of the physicochemical features’ variation in the soil ecosystem. Consequently, these findings provide stronger evidence that DGT is an effective and ideal tool for labile Cd evaluation in Yixing.
Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Nguyen Lich , Sharma Ashish , Chakraborty Chiranjib , Saibaba Balaji , Ahn Moo-Eob , Lee Sang-Soo
Published: March 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints and is one of the leading causes of disability in adults. However, there are no key therapeutics for OA and medical treatment is based on managing the symptoms and slowing down progression of the disease. Diagnostics based on clinical examination and radiography have provided little information about metabolic changes in joint tissues, disease onset and progression. Due to lack of effective methods for early detection and evaluation of treatment outcome, the measurement of biochemical markers (biomarkers) shows promise as a prospective method aiding in disease monitoring. OA biomarkers that are present in biological fluids such as blood, urine and synovial fluid, sources that are easily isolated from body, are of particular interest. Moreover, there are increasingly more studies identifying and developing new biomarkers for OA. In this review, efforts have been made to summarize the biomarkers that have been reported in recent studies on patients. We also tried to classify biomarkers according to tissue metabolism (bone, cartilage and synovial metabolism markers), pathological pathways (inflammatory and genetic markers) and biological function (chemokines, growth factors, acute phase proteins, etc.).
Role of Genetics in the Etiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Towards a Hierarchical Diagnostic Strategy
Authors: Robert Cyrille , Pasquier Laurent , Cohen David , Fradin Mélanie , Canitano Roberto , Damaj Léna , Odent Sylvie , Tordjman Sylvie
Published: March 2017

Progress in epidemiological, molecular and clinical genetics with the development of new techniques has improved knowledge on genetic syndromes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of this article is to show the diversity of genetic disorders associated with ASD (based on an extensive review of single-gene disorders, copy number variants, and other chromosomal disorders), and consequently to propose a hierarchical diagnostic strategy with a stepwise evaluation, helping general practitioners/pediatricians and child psychiatrists to collaborate with geneticists and neuropediatricians, in order to search for genetic disorders associated with ASD. The first step is a clinical investigation involving: (i) a child psychiatric and psychological evaluation confirming autism diagnosis from different observational sources and assessing autism severity; (ii) a neuropediatric evaluation examining neurological symptoms and developmental milestones; and (iii) a genetic evaluation searching for dysmorphic features and malformations. The second step involves laboratory and if necessary neuroimaging and EEG studies oriented by clinical results based on clinical genetic and neuropediatric examinations. The identification of genetic disorders associated with ASD has practical implications for diagnostic strategies, early detection or prevention of co-morbidity, specific treatment and follow up, and genetic counseling.
Enfranchised Minors: Women as People in the Middle East after the 2011 Arab Uprisings
Authors: Maktabi Rania
Published: March 2017

The civic status of female citizens in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is conceptualized as “enfranchised minorhood” which reflects the confined position of adult women as legal minors under the trusteeship of male kin in family law, criminal law, and nationality law. During and in the aftermath of the Uprisings that erupted throughout MENA in 2011, female lawyers in Morocco, Lebanon, and Kuwait allied with women’s groups and pressured for reforms in patriarchal state laws. By 2015, reforms were manifest in criminal law; incremental in family law; and absent in nationality law. Theoretical conclusions based on comparative analysis of societal pressures in three states indicate that long historical trajectories are imperative for substantiating the expansion of female citizenship following the 2011 Uprisings. Additionally, the civic status of women in the MENA region is being strengthened under authoritarian monarchical rule in Kuwait and Morocco. A third finding is that pressures for reform have more visible reverberations in legal spheres with a clerical imprint such as family law and criminal law, while strengthened pressures in a secular legal sphere such as nationality law have been opposed more forcefully five years after the Uprisings.
Improvement of Sludge Dewaterability by Ultrasound-Initiated Cationic Polyacrylamide with Microblock Structure: The Role of Surface-Active Monomers
Authors: Zhao Chuanliang , Zheng Huaili , Feng Li , Wang Yili , Liu Yongzhi , Liu Bingzhi , Djibrine Badradine
Published: March 2017

Cationic polyacrylamides have been employed widely to improve sludge dewatering performance, but the cationic units are randomly distributed in the molecular chain, which restricts the further enhancement of dewaterability. Common template technology to prepare block copolymers requiring a huge number of templates reduces the polymer purity and molecular weight. Here, we adopted the surface-active monomer benzyl dimethyl 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ammonium chloride (BDMDAC) to synthesize cationic microblocky polyacrylamide initiated by ultrasound. The reactivity ratio of monomers suggested that novel cationic monomer BDMDAC had higher homopolymerization ability, and was thus more prone to forming a microblock structure. The statistical analysis of sequence-length distribution indicated that the number and length of cationic segments increased in the PAB molecules. In addition, the characteristic results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided evidence for the synthesis of copolymer with cationic microblocks. Finally, the results of dewatering tests demonstrated that sludge dewaterability was greatly improved by adding the synthesized novel flocculants, and the sludge-specific resistance to filtration, filter cake moisture content and residual turbidity all reached a minimum (68.7%, 5.4 × 1012 m·kg−1, and 2.6 NTU, respectively) at 40 mg·L−1. The PAB flocs were large, compact, difficult to break, and easy to regrow. Furthermore, PAB was more effective in the removal of protein from soluble extracellular polymeric substances (SEPSs). In summary, this study provides a novel solution to synthesize cationic microblock polyacrylamide for improving sludge dewatering.