bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study
Authors: Almaghaslah Dalia , Alsayari Abdulrhman , Kandasamy Geetha , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi
Published: April 2021

Ending the COVID-19 pandemic requires achieving herd immunity, either by previous infection or by vaccination. However, concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine are growing around the globe. The current study was conducted to investigate young the adult population’s hesitancy towards the vaccine. The study used a prospective cross-sectional design. Data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. A total of 862 Saudi adults participated. Information was gathered on the participants’ perspectives towards the severity and susceptibility of the COVID-19 infection, reasons for their hesitancy to receive the vaccine, perceived benefits, and reasons for action. Just under a quarter (19.6%) of respondents had previously tested positive for COVID-19. A small minority of the participants had already received the vaccine (2.1%), while 20.3% had registered in the Sehaty app (application) to receive the vaccine. Just under half of them (48%) will take the vaccine when mass vaccination is achieved and approximately the same number (46.7%) will only take it if it is made mandatory. Vaccine reluctance is highly prevalent among the general public in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. While many are aware of a high likelihood of getting the infection, the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine were reported as barriers to vaccination.
Transcriptome of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Colorectal Cancer Patients Uncovered a Unique Gene Signature in CD4+ T Cells Associated with Poor Disease-Specific Survival
Authors: Toor Salman M. , Sasidharan Nair Varun , Saleh Reem , Taha Rowaida Z. , Murshed Khaled , Al-Dhaheri Mahmood , Khawar Mahwish , Ahmed Ayman A. , Kurer Mohamed A. , Abu Nada Mohamed , Elkord Eyad
Published: April 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by infiltration of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. While elevated levels of cytotoxic T cells are associated with improved prognosis, limited studies have reported associations between CD4+ T cells and disease outcomes. We recently performed transcriptomic profiling and comparative analyses of sorted CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from bulk tumors of CRC patients with varying disease stages. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes of CD4+ with CD8+ TILs. Functional annotation pathway analyses revealed the downregulation of inflammatory response-related genes, while T cell activation and angiogenesis-related genes were upregulated in CD4+ TILs. The top 200 deregulated genes in CD4+ TILs were aligned with the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) CRC dataset to identify a unique gene signature associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, 69 upregulated and 20 downregulated genes showed similar trends of up/downregulation in the TCGA dataset and were used to calculate “poor prognosis score” (ppScore), which was significantly associated with disease-specific survival. High ppScore patients showed lower expression of Treg-, Th1-, and Th17-related genes, and higher expression of Th2-related genes. Our data highlight the significance of T cells within the TME and identify a unique candidate prognostic gene signature for CD4+ TILs in CRC patients.
Factors Influencing the Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Quantitative Synthesis of Phase III Trials
Authors: Calzetta Luigino , Ritondo Beatrice Ludovica , Coppola Angelo , Matera Maria Gabriella , Di Daniele Nicola , Rogliani Paola
Published: April 2021

To date, there is still a paucity of data from Phase III trials concerning the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. Furthermore, no studies investigated the variables that may modulate the efficacy of vaccination. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether there are modifying factors that may potentially influence the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. A quantitative synthesis of data from Phase III trials was performed via pairwise and network meta-analyses, along with meta-regression analysis. Data from Phase III trials are currently available only for AZD1222, BNT162b2, mRNA-1237, and Sputnik V. Vaccination resulted to be generally effective (90.0%, 95%CI 72.6–96.4; p < 0.001), although the efficacy of AZD1222 (62.1%) introduced a significant level of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis (I2 92.17%, p < 0.001). No significant modifying factors resulted from the meta-regression analysis. However, considering the mRNA-based vaccines, a trend toward significance (p = 0.081) resulted for age. The network meta-analysis provided the following rank of effectiveness: BNT162b2 ≃ mRNA-1273 > Sputnik V >> AZD1222. In conclusion, no modifying factors seem to modulate the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19. This quantitative synthesis will need to be updated as soon as further clinical results on the efficacy profile are available from Phase III trials for further licensed COVID-19 vaccines.
Povos, Estados e insurgência islâmica na África
Authors: Ekwe-Ekwe Herbert
Published: April 2021

O autor reflete sobre a incapacidade do Estado na África em prover segurança e fornecer serviços sociais básicos à maioria da população. Argumenta que o “Estado de Berlim” pós-conquista europeia está sob crescente pressão de povos ou nações que desejam se tornar independentes. O mundo terá que lidar com um mapa da África em constante mutação, baseado nos movimentos de independência, que não são em essência islâmicos.
Políticas de defesa e segurança para o Atlântico Sul no século XX
Authors: Neto Manuel Domingos
Published: April 2021

Este texto resulta de uma intervenção feita durante um evento promovido pelo Observatório das Nacionalidades. Ao discutir a defesa do Atlântico Sul, procuro debater as ideias predominantes nas análises acadêmicas do campo das Relações Internacionais e dos Estudos de Defesa. Parto do princípio de que, no pano de fundo destes domínios, a produção literária brasileira é dominantemente conservadora e não antevê uma atuação autônoma e soberana do Estado. Ao final, alinhavo algumas proposições de interesse do Brasil, relativamente à defesa do Atlântico Sul.
Debates en seguridad internacional
Authors: Cardinale Maria Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Os debates sobre segurança internacional podem ser entendidos como uma disputa entre dois campos rivais: por um lado, uma visão tradicionalista e restritiva; por outro, uma vertente ampliada e multidimensional. Este artigo examina as diferentes interpretações envolvidas em cada campo, a partir de uma abordagem crítica da teoria das relações internacionais, e identifica a perspectiva predominante, questionando os estudos predominantes da disciplina em um cenário global de conflitos e ameaças.
Angola's geopolitical dilemma
Authors: Penha Eli alves
Published: April 2021

Angola is one of the most dynamic countries in Africa, with a wealth of natural resources. However, its geographical position has entailed security problems. On the continental side, conflicts represent a potential threat for the stability of the political system. On the maritime side, technological and military difficulties make the country vulnerable to piracy and advances of major powers. The text examines how Angola has been facing this dilemma, considering its locationbetween the African heartland and the South Atlantic.
Desafios estratégicos na projeção do Brasil no Atlântico Sul
Authors: Gomes da Costa Murilo
Published: April 2021

No presente trabalho, buscar-se-á apresentar uma análise do cenário de projeção brasileira para o Atlântico Sul, avaliando os principais desafios estratégicosadvindos desta ação externa brasileira, tendo como questões centrais os projetos estratégicos da Marinha do Brasil para a região do Atlântico Sul, a presença depotências extrarregionais, no entorno estratégico brasileiro, e a atuação brasileira na Antártica.
Pink Tide, Muddy Waters
Authors: Austin Robert
Published: April 2021

A wide-ranging study on Latin America’s “pink tide” governments, and the social formations underpinning them, raised again the debate on 21st Century socialism. If the period 1990-2010 saw renewed popular insurgency after the Soviet bloc collapse, progressive forces have lately been confronted by low intensity reaction from the combined might of local and imperial bourgeoisies. US hegemony faces renewed anti-neoliberalism, but now assails popular regimes viaconstitutional rather than military coups.
impactos da Revolução Russa no marxismo de J. C. Mariátegui
Authors: AGUIAR JÓRISSA DANILLA NASCIMENTO
Published: April 2021

O afã revolucionário decorrente da Revolução de 1917 foi determinante para o desenvolvimento marxista de Mariátegui. Discute-se a compatibilidade entre teoria e práxis do autor peruano e sua forma de “territorializar” o marxismo, adaptando a análise materialista histórica às condições concretas e especificidades latino-americanas. Conclui-se indicando como a análise dialética do nacional com o plano internacional e o destaque conferido às experiências de  autoorganização locais lhe pareciam fundamentais para tecer uma práxis revolucionária.
lugar de la Revolución Rusa en los ciclos revolucionarios en América Latina
Authors: Acha Omar
Published: April 2021

La significación de la Revolución Rusa en la historia política latinoamericana no ha sido unívoca. Los estudios históricos han reconstruido su inmediata repercusión. Es sabido que la cartografía de las izquierdas en el subcontinente se modificó con el surgimiento de los partidos comunistas. Sin embargo, la relevancia de lo revolucionario no fue introducido en la historia latinoamericana por el acontecimiento soviético. En este trabajo se ensaya una ubicación de la relevancia de la Revolución Rusa en la historia latinoamericana y en los itinerarios revolucionarios del subcontinente.
Sahara Occidental
Authors: Martin Juan carlos gimeno
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es desvelar la complicidad de la comunidad internacional con el colonialismo marroquí en el Sahara Occidental. Desde 1987, el muro marroquí separa al pueblo saharaui en dos: una parte vive bajo la ocupación marroquí, la otra en campamentos de exilados al sur de Argelia. Se trata de un pueblo beduino, nómada, colonizado porEspaña, mas que ha mantenido una persistente resistencia anticolonial y de lucha por la autodeterminación.
Práticas Poéticas:
Authors: Silva Francisco Rômulo do Nascimento , Freitas Geovani Jacó de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender, a partir da percepção dos jovens envolvidos em práticas culturais coletivas de re-existência, a atuação de agentes do Grupo de Operações Especiais / GOE da Guarda Municipal que integram o Plano Municipal de Proteção Urbana / PMPU por meio da Torre de Observação Comunitária situada no bairro São Cristóvão, Grande Jangurussu e seu entorno, localizado na zona sul de Fortaleza, Ceará.
ruina de Venezuela no se debe al “socialismo” y la reelección de Maduro
Authors: Shutherland Manuel
Published: April 2021

Más que una transformación socialista (o desarrollista), la economía venezolana vivió una masiva transferencia de renta hacia el capital importador y hacia una casta burocrático-militar que vive a costa de las arcas públicas mediante la sobrevaluación del bolívar y las importaciones fraudulentas para captar divisas a precios preferenciales. Antes que a las revoluciones socialistas clásicas, el proyecto bolivariano se parece a un nacional-populismo militarista.
Direitos humanos dos refugiados no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Silva Chrystian Tomaz de Mesquita , De Lima Tereza Cristina Rodriguez , De Souza Elizabeth Rodriguez
Published: April 2021

O cenário contemporâneo do grande fluxo migratório ocorrido no século XXI revela questões mundiais de ordem sociocultural, econômica e política, refletindo na concretização dos Direitos Humanos para os refugiados que se deslocam à procura de melhores condições de vida e proteção em outros estados. Sabe-se que, a igualdade é princípio básico de um Estado Democrático de Direito e fundamenta a necessidade de tutela aos direitos das pessoas, independentemente de sua condição. A partir disso, enquadra-se a justificativa desse estudo. Após, trata-se de um tema relacionado ao Direito Internacional em crescente relevância. Nesse sentido, busca-se demonstrar por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e método hipotético-dedutivo, o avanço legislativo causado pela migração e sua real aplicação no direito brasileiro como consequência da concretização dos Direitos Humanos no panorama internacional.
Crisis política en Nicaragua:
Authors: FERNANDEZ - HELLMUND PAULA DANIELA , ROMERO FERNANDO GABRIEL
Published: April 2021

El 18 de abril de 2018 el gobierno de Nicaragua anunció una reforma a la seguridad social que planteaba aumentar las contribuciones patronales y laborales, y establecer un recorte del 5% a las jubilaciones. A raíz de esta disposición, se inició una ola de manifestaciones en varios puntos del país cuestionando tal medida, la cual tuvo una respuesta represiva por parte del gobierno. Si bien el 22 de abril se derogaron las reformas a la seguridad social, esta decisión no frenó el descontento popular, y las manifestaciones y la conflictividad social se profundizaron como consecuencia de la violencia perpetrada por el Estado, iniciando una crisis política que ha puesto en cuestionamiento la legitimidad y continuidad de la administración Ortega - Murillo. Sobre esta base, en el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar los antecedentes que dieron lugar a esta crisis, haciendo énfasis en el proyecto del canal interoceánico y el recrudecimiento del conflicto social, fenómenos que se relacionan con las dinámicas del capital a nivel mundial y la expansión del modelo neoextractivista en América Latina y el Caribe.
Conflitos socioambientais na Costa Rica contemporânea
Authors: Gutiérrez-Arguedas Alberto
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o cenário atual de conflitos e lutas socioambientais na Costa Rica, isto é, aqueles conflitos/lutas que estão relacionados com o controle, apropriação e gestão dos bens/recursos naturais e os territórios onde estes se localizam. Classificam-se os conflitos em torno de sete eixos de conflitividade, aprofundando no estudo de um desses eixos, que corresponde com as lutas comunitárias contra barragens hidrelétricas e em defesa dos rios, fenômeno que ganhou maior visibilidade e protagonismo a partir da década de 1990. O trabalho procura relacionar a especificidade da realidade costarriquenha com as características gerais desses processos na América Latina.
Carnaval do Ntuduru
Authors: Focna Salomão Moreira , Gabarra Larissa Oliveira e
Published: April 2021

Esse trabalho objetiva compreender o papel do carnaval na construção da identidade nacional guineense. O carnaval é o espaço de sociabilidade onde as representações dos bens culturais (materiais e imateriais) da Guiné-Bissau são exibidas de forma livres e espontâneas, mas também pautadas por um incentivo nacional. Nessa miragem, acreditamos que o carnaval é um espaço por excelência da cristalização da identidade nacional na Guiné-Bissau, carregada de uma perspectiva política.
luta armada em Moçambique e a construção de uma nação
Authors: Duarte Samuel Correa , Figueiredo César Alessandro Sagrillo
Published: April 2021

A luta armada desenvolvida em Moçambique, no início da década 1960, pela Frente de Libertação Moçambicana (FRELIMO), deu o suporte necessário ao processo de independência moçambicana em 1975. Este artigo possui como objetivo principal examinar como se processou a luta de libertação nacional de Moçambique e a tentativa de construção de uma nova nação através da FRELIMO, negando o velho passado colonial português e construindo o que se convencionou chamar de o “homem novo moçambicano”. Para efeitos metodológicos tratar-se-á de um trabalho qualitativo, pois visa uma reconstituição histórico através do referencial bibliográfico referente ao objeto de estudo. No tocante aos resultados, constatamos que a despeito das tentativas de se erigir uma nova sociedade, Moçambique por razões naturais, política interna e internacional, não conseguiu o seu intento, principalmente pela contraofensiva da Resistência Nacional de Moçambique (RENAMO).
Intelectuales cubanos al servicio de la revolución
Authors: Massholder Alexia
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo recurro a los testimonios de intelectuales cubanos con el objetivo de poner algunas líneas para reflexionar sobre las formas posibles de concebir la relación entre lo intelectual y la revolución.
patriotismo nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Malheiros Irlena , Torres Monalisa Lima , Camerino Andréa
Published: April 2021

Na formação da sociedade estadunidense, influenciada por valores de igualdade e liberdade, o “amor à pátria” tornou-se fundamental articulador das relações internas e externas. Atualmente, as decisões econômicas, políticas, sociais e bélicas continuam permeadas pelo ideal patriótico da Independência que cumpre o papel de sustentáculo da unidade nacional e do poderio internacional.
identidade coletiva na União Europeia
Authors: Holesch Adam
Published: April 2021

Após examinar algumas teorias sobre o nacionalismo, o autor afirma que só podemos falar de uma frágil identidade europeia. Seus principais argumentossão: primeiro, a União Europeia nem pode ser “inventada”, nem pode depender da ancestralidade e memórias comuns compartilhadas; segundo, a UniãoEuropeia não dispõe de ferramentas suficientes para construir uma “nação”.
Irmandade Mulçumana pós-Mubarak
Authors: Brancoli Fernando Luz , Thomaz Diana
Published: April 2021

Este artigo discute os discursos e as práticas de grupos islâmicos no Egito, especialmente a Irmandade Mulçumana, após a queda de Hosni Mubarak. Apoiados em documentos oficiais e entrevistas no país, os autores estabelecem um panorama histórico das relações desses grupos com o governo central.
Nación, memoria y responsabilidad
Authors: Salvi Valentina
Published: April 2021

Com a emergência de um novo conceito de memória, baseado na figura da vítima e na noção de responsabilidade, os Estados-nação necessitam desenvolverestratégias e políticas para encarar os crimes cometidos em seu nome. O artigo analisa essas instituições e políticas sui generis de modo a entender os vínculosentre nação memória e responsabilidade.
imagens da nação brasileira sob o olhar exotópico dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Azevedo Érica Abreu , Gonçalves João Batista Costa
Published: April 2021

Este artigo analisa o pronunciamento do presidente dos EUA, Barak Obama, no Brasil, em 2011, a partir da categoria exotopia, para entender como são formadas imagens da nação brasileira. Argumenta-se que a cultura estadunidense significa a cultura brasileira a partir da visão do colonizador, que constrói imagens de uma nação colonizada, elevando a nação brasileira à potência global, destoando-a das demais nações latinas. O trabalho propõe uma aproximaçãoentre os conceitos exotopia (BAKHTIN, 2011) e nação (ANDERSON, 2008).
Collaborative improvement in Scottish GP clusters after the Quality and Outcomes Framework: a qualitative study
Authors: Huang Huayi , Jefferson Emily R , Gotink Mark , Sinclair Carol , Mercer Stewart W , Guthrie Bruce
Published: April 2021

Background

Scotland abolished the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) in April 2016, before implementing a new Scottish GP contract in April 2018. Since 2016, groups of practices (GP clusters) have been incentivised to meet regularly to plan and organise quality improvement (QI) as part of this new direction in primary care policy.

Aim

To understand the organisation and perceived impact of GP clusters, including how they use quantitative data for improvement.

Design and setting

Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (n = 17) and observations of GP cluster meetings (n = 6) in two clusters.

Method

This analytical strategy was combined with a purposive (variation) sampling approach to the sources of data, to try to identify commonalities across diverse stakeholder experiences of working in or on the idea of GP clusters. Variation was sought particularly in terms of stakeholders’ level of involvement in improvement initiatives, and in their disciplinary affiliations.

Results

There was uncertainty as to whether GP clusters should focus on activities generated internally or externally by the wider healthcare system (for example, from Scottish Health Boards), although the two observed clusters generally generated their own ideas and issues. Clusters operated with variable administrative/managerial and data support, and variable baseline leadership experience and QI skills. Qualitative approaches formed the focus of collaborative learning in cluster meetings, through sharing and discussion of member practices’ own understandings and experiences. Less evidence was observed of data analytics being championed in these meetings, partly because of barriers to accessing the analytics data and existing data quality.

Conclusion

Cluster development would benefit from more consistent training and support for cluster leads in small-group facilitation, leadership, and QI expertise, and data analytics access and capacity. While GP clusters are up and running, their impact is likely to be limited without further investment in developing capacity in these areas.
Kajian Model Pengembangan SDM Pariwisata Di Kawasan Jatigede Kec. Darmaraja Kab. Sumedang
Authors: Budiarti Isniar , Iffan Muhammad , Mahardika Kani , Seftiani Selfa , Warlina Lia , Sufa'atin Sufa'atin
Published: April 2021

Munculnya keresahan masyarakat yang terkena dampak dari pembangunan Waduk Jatigede sebagai  salah satu destinasi yang menjadi prioritas pengembangan skala nasional yang diarahkan sebagai kawasan strategis pariwisata  ekonomi khusus di Kabupaten Sumedang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan  untuk mengkaji  pengembangan  model SDM pariwisata yang ada di desa karangpakuan dan paku alam sebagai desa yang memiliki potensi untuk menjadi Desa Wisata. Lokasi kegiatan dilakukan  di Dua desa ini yang menjadi  relokasi dari adanya pembangunan Waduk Jatigede. Metode yang digunakan Deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara melakukan wawancara Pemdes, Bumdes, Masyarakat sekitar, Kompepar, kelompok tani dan karang taruna;  klasifikasi data;  analisis SWOT. Hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa kedua desa di kawasan jatigede  ini memiliki kekuatan wisata budaya, wisata Alam dan wisata ziarah, namun kesiapan masyarakat belum optimal karena kekurangan keterampilan dan kemampuan SDM. Perlu dilakukan promosi melalui undangan media lokal nasional dan internasional, ataupun Promosi menggunakan platform digital, hal ini bisa dijadikan sebagai peluang UMKM dan pengrajin makan pada saat mengadakan kegiatan kebudayaan, namun kendala yang dihadapi oleh kedua Desa Wisata ini adalah ketidaksiapan SDM. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah  kajian model  SDM pariwisata di karang pakuan dan pakualam yang  menyangkut 3 (tiga) aspek, yaitu Attitude (Sikap), Skill (Keterampilan); dan Knowledge (Pengetahuan).

 

Kata kunci: Desa Wisata, Model SDM Pariwisata
MYTHOLOGY OF ACCOUNTING AND EVOLUTION OF ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Pyatov M. L.
Published: April 2021

The article offers an approach to consideration of the evolution of theory and practice of accounting and assessment of their adequacy to the modern conditions of economy management on the basis of the myth theories by R. Barthes (1915–1980), M. E liade (1907–1986) and A. Losev (1893–1988). The notion of the mythology of accounting is introduced. The mythologization of accounting practice is considered as a factor of conservatism of the methods of accounting modeling of economic life of an enterprise. A number of  famous theoretical constructs in the accounting field are explained as elements of its myth. The offered work can be presented as an invitation to the discussion of possible demythologization of accounting for the purposes of assessment of the perspectives of its evolution as an integral part of the information base of economic relations. The author considers the myth as a tool for understanding of accounting as the phenomenon in evolution of economic life of society.
DIGITAL ECONOMY UNDER THE OPPRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY
Authors: Shvetsov Yu. G.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the organizational and economic factors hindering formation of the new format of material basis in the Russian Federation, based on global distribution of cutting-edge information and computer technologies. The decisive role of bureaucracy in limiting public virtual space and fullest involvement of all social groups in it is proved. The paper considers negative consequences of the nomenclative dictation in digital economy, stipulating its development gap in our country against leading world powers and  intensification of the polarization of poverty and wealth in society.
ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY OF SOCIETY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Shcherbakova N. V.
Published: April 2021

Cybercrime is a growing industry around the world imposing significant costs on firms. Cyber threats have driven companies to build layers of defenses, resorting to a variety of products and services developed by different cybersecurity vendors. The financial sector is a major target for cybercriminals. The pace of cyberattacks is accelerating too quickly for banks to rely on manual threat analysis and response. The financial organizations face a growing threat from malicious cyber activity. In the financial sector, speed of response is critical to identify and block cyber threats. Regulators are taking notice of the increased risk of cyber threats. Paper draws our attention to information protection system of bank.
Gradnja, ribanje i pisanje Petra Hektorovića
Authors: Topčić Ante
Published: April 2021

Rad se zasniva na odnosu književnog, arhitektonskog, likovnog i zanatskog u Ribanju i ribarskom prigovaranju Petra Hektorovića. Poticaj za takav istraživački pristup autor je iznašao u činjenici da je Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje nastalo kao rezultat trodnevnog pjes­nikova odmora od briga oko gradnje Tvardalja, za koji je rekao da ga je potpuno posvojio i da je s njim svezan. To znači da je Hektorović bio toliko opsjednut tom građevinom da je nemoguće ne pomisliti kako Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje nije samo opis i pripovijedanje zgoda s putovanja nego i stanoviti opis i simboličko tumačenje navedene građevine. Jer, uistinu, ona jest građevina, ali je zbog natpisa, reljefa i likovnih simbola koje sadrži ujedno i pjesničko i slikarsko i kiparsko i filozofsko djelo, dubinski znakovito i pomalo tajanstveno. Stoga se u radu upućuje na ona mjesta u kojima je Hektorović, a posebno u središnjoj epizodi svoga Ribanja kazivao, ili barem upozoravao na smisao i značenje pojedinih natpisa i likovnih simbola koji su zastupljeni na Tvardalju. Uz to, progovara se i o Hektorovićevu razmišljanju o umjetnosti i načinu na koji je povezivao svaku ljudsku djelatnost kao neku vrstu umjetnosti, pa bilo to i lovljenje ribe od strane prostih i neukih ribara.
Self-Powered Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction for Handwriting Recognition
Authors: Guo Hang , Wan Ji , Wang Haobin , Wu Hanxiang , Xu Chen , Miao Liming , Han Mengdi , Zhang Haixia
Published: April 2021

Handwritten signatures widely exist in our daily lives. The main challenge of signal recognition on handwriting is in the development of approaches to obtain information effectively. External mechanical signals can be easily detected by triboelectric nanogenerators which can provide immediate opportunities for building new types of active sensors capable of recording handwritten signals. In this work, we report an intelligent human-machine interaction interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. Using the horizontal-vertical symmetrical electrode array, the handwritten triboelectric signal can be recorded without external energy supply. Combined with supervised machine learning methods, it can successfully recognize handwritten English letters, Chinese characters, and Arabic numerals. The principal component analysis algorithm preprocesses the triboelectric signal data to reduce the complexity of the neural network in the machine learning process. Further, it can realize the anticounterfeiting recognition of writing habits by controlling the samples input to the neural network. The results show that the intelligent human-computer interaction interface has broad application prospects in signature security and human-computer interaction.
Dental Implants and Plasma Rich in Fibrine: A Wide Literary Review
Authors: Almeida da Silva Carlos Fernando , Santos Tayná Toder , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Kassis Elias Naim
Published: April 2021

Introduction: When a dental element is lost in the posterior region of the maxilla, there is natural reabsorption of the alveolar process and at the same time there will be pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. It will increase its volume towards the place where the roots existed and this will often make it difficult or impossible to restore implants in place. For this reason, the procedure for elevating the floor of the maxillary sinus or short implants should be performed when possible. In this context, allogeneic, xenogenous, and alloplastic bone grafts are an alternative for the treatment of bone defects in the jaws, since they avoid the need for a second surgical access. However, due to the need for processing to eliminate antigenic components, these grafts are only osteoconductive with a lower bone formation potential compared to autogenous bone grafts. Also, in this context, in the last 20 years, platelet concentrates have been proposed as regenerative materials in tissue regeneration procedures. Among the platelet concentrates proposed in the literature, PRP and FRP are found to act as autogenous platelet aggregates with osteoinductive properties. Objective: The present study aimed to conduct a wide literature review on maxillary sinus surgery using fibrin-rich plasma. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included. Results: The total of 48 articles were found involving Maxillary sinus surgery, Fibrin-rich plasma, and Biomaterials, of which 22 were selected to compose the present study. Conclusion: Based on the literary findings, it was shown that the FRP is favorable for bone formation processes for dental implants, especially when combined with xenografts.
Vacuum metal deposition (VMD) – characteristics of the method
Authors:   The Forensic Bureau of the Internal Security Agency, Szczepański Tomasz , Więckiewicz Urszula ,   The Forensic Bureau of the Internal Security Agency, Konior Barbara ,   The Forensic Bureau of the Internal Security Agency, Pucułek Patryk ,   The Forensic Bureau of the Internal Security Agency
Published: April 2021

Vacuum metal deposition was introduced in the process of visualization of latent fingermarks already in the 20th century. However, due to the requirement of using specialist equipment to ensure appropriate conditions for the development process, which would have generated significant costs, the method was not available in Poland. Technological developments, however, made it possible to create compact devices with smaller dimensions and lower parameters, which, nowadays, can be used in virtually every forensic fingerprint identification laboratory. The article describes the theoretical basis of the process of developing fingerprints by means of the vacuum metal deposition method with the use of sequential deposition of gold, zinc and silver on the tested surfaces. The device used for the VMD method is also presented along with sample effects of treating fingerprints on various surfaces, including registration in the range of reflected infrared light and with recovering marks on lifting foils. The final part deals with the issue of accrediting forensic service providers performing fingerprint examinations, including problems related to the implementation of vacuum metal deposition in the range of accredited fingerprint visualization techniques.
Examination of post-reaction residues of pyrotechnic material – p. 1: Smoke generators
Authors:   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Matyjasek Łukasz , Dmitruk Wiktor ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Cichosz Łukasz ,   Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police
Published: April 2021

The work contains a review of literature data referring to the methods of generating pyrotechnic smokes with inclusion of chemical composition of widely used smoke generating substances and, in particular, specifications of dyes used in pyrotechnic products. Construction of such devices, the manner of initiating ignition and possibilities of identification of residues resulting from their use were explained basing on 79 examined smoke generators. Analyses of smoke generating mixtures were executed with use of classical chemistry techniques, spectroscopy in infrared light (FTIR-ATR), electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analyses have demonstrated that 2-methylanthraquinone is most often used for generating white smokes, soot – for generating black smokes, quinolone dyes – for yellow smokes, copper phthalocyanine for blue smokes, and anthraquinone dyes for the remaining colours. The GC-MS technique has proven an effective analytical tool both for identification of the dye in the smoke generating substance and detection on various surfaces of traces resulting from the use of smoke generator.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IS IT A THREAT OR AN OPPORTUNITY BASED ON ITS LEGAL PERSONALITY AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY?
Authors: Louis Mark , Fernandez Angelina Anne , Abdul Manap Nazura , Kandasamy Shamini , Lee Sin Yee
Published: April 2021

Information technology is taking the world by storm. The technological world is changing rapidly and drastically. Human activities are taken over by robots and computers. The usage of computers and robots has increased productivity in various sectors. The emergence of artificial intelligence has stirred up many debates on both its importance and limitations. Artificial intelligence is directed to the usage of Information Technology in conducting tasks that normally require human intelligence. The expectation of artificial intelligence is high, nevertheless, artificial intelligence has its shortcomings namely the impact of artificial intelligence on the concept of a legal personality. The problem with artificial Intelligence is the debate on whether does it have a legal personality? And another problem is under what situation does the law treat artificial intelligence as an entity with its own rights and obligations. The objective of this article is to examine the various definitions of legal personality and whether artificial intelligence can become a legal person. The article will also examine the criminal liability of artificial intelligence when a crime has been committed. The methodology adopted is qualitative namely Doctrinal Legal Research by analyzing the relevant legal views from various journals on artificial intelligence. The study found out that artificial intelligence has its limitations in defining its legal personality and also in examining the criminal liability when a crime has been committed by robots.
ONLINE LEARNING DURING MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER TOWARDS MATHEMATIC
Authors: Abd Latib Norhafinas , Edrusi Mohd Nizam , Muhamad Junaidah
Published: April 2021

Online learning is a new learning method that all students need to follow during movement control commands. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine student’s perceptions of online mathematics learning, identify online mediums for mathematics learning preferred by students and identify differences between gender on online mathematics teaching and learning during the period movement control order. This study is a descriptive quantitative study that uses questionnaires as research instruments. The questionnaire was distributed online using Google Form and completed by students learning Mathematics subjects in June 2020 session at Gerik Community College. The number of respondents for this study is 32 people. The analysis was conducted in the form of frequency, mean score, and T-Test. The results of the study found that students’ perceptions using online method towards mathematics is at a high level. Students also like learning using telegram medium compared to Google Classroom. The T-Test found there are no significant differences between male and female students on online learning using Telegram and Google Classroom. This study can help lecturers to improve the quality of teaching and learning online and ensure that all students do not fall behind in current technological developments.
A REVIEW OF CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION ORIENTATION AMONG MALAY WORKERS TOWARDS SILENCE BEHAVIOUR TENDENCY
Authors: Yusuf Robe’ah , Hj Wahid Azhar , Moneyam Sasigaran , Mohd Rosdi Siti Asma’
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the review of the concept of culture, value, and belief in the Malay community. The focus is on the Malay workers working in a German organisation in Malaysia. Previous studies show that there are communication and cultural gaps when workers from various races and countries working in a multinational organisation. Asian communities mainly Malay, practices collective values such as cooperation among members, care about others' dignities and, silence due to some factors which indirectly affect communication orientation while working with other races. These practices are different from the European community who observes individualistic values. Typically, the Malays work together in voicing opinions or maintaining long-term relationships. In this article, the authors discuss the groupthink theory, which may influence the workers' behaviours in organisations and decision making.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ZAKAT ON BUSINESS COLLECTION MECHANISM: A PROACTIVE APPROACH BY KEDAH STATE ZAKAT BOARD (LZNK)
Authors: Ahmad Saudah , Jamaluddin Noor Asma , Abdullah Syahrul Faizaz , Abdullah Syahrina , Mohamad Armanurah
Published: April 2021

The zakat on business is one of the main contributors to the zakat collection in Kedah. Despite the increasing number of Muslim entrepreneurs, the total collection for the zakat on business has yet to reach the target. The efficiency of the zakat collection mechanism is among the factors that influence the proceeds of zakat. Accordingly, this paper is aimed at exploring the implementation of proactive mechanisms to intensify the zakat collection by the Kedah State Zakat Board (LZNK). This study applied a qualitative approach, in which the data were collected through interviews using structured interview protocol and document analysis. The findings showed that there were various proactive mechanisms practiced by LZNK. These include a campaign to visit business complexes and premises to reach out to those Muslim entrepreneurs even during outside office hours, the development of innovative zakat collection mechanism using information technology such as the online zakat payment platform, frequent promotions, and appeals in social media, the offering of a refund-distribution mechanism to corporate payers, implementing high impact projects and zakat aid schemes, as well as indirect zakat plea through various channels. The implementation of proactive mechanisms has successfully contributed to the increase of zakat collection on business although it has yet to reach the target collection. Moreover, this proactive mechanism demonstrates the high commitment of LZNK towards their responsibility for the religion and society, especially the Muslim entrepreneurs.
CONCEPT OF AMBIGUITY (SYUBHAH) IN NUTRITION: A STUDY ON THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL RECIPIENTS OF EXEMPLARY FAMILY AWARDS (AKM)
Authors: Shaary Khairudin , Wan Harun Mohammad Amir
Published: April 2021

Ambiguity (syubhah) as a legal scope is clearly mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet PBUH. This leaves negative implications upon the Concept of Halalan Toyyiban Nutrition (KPHT) which is an indicator in the Quran. Hence, this research is carried out to study the concept of ambiguity based on the perspectives of the recipients of Exemplary Family Awards (AKM). The research applied qualitative methodology and utilized Focus Group Discussion (FGD) interview technique to collect data. The analysis of data from the interviews was processed using Non-Numerical Unstructured Data Indexing Searching and Theorizing (NUD.IST) or also known as QSR NVivo Version 10. Research respondents are the winners of the Exemplary Family Awards (AKM) at the national level. The awards were organized by Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia (YADIM). Results of the research can be utilized to develop the main theme demonstrating that AKM recipients are taking attentive steps regarding ambiguous matters. Additionally, two other sub-themes were categorized successfully under the main theme; first, ambiguity in the income and secondly, ambiguity in the (physical aspect of the) food that is to be consumed. This research can contribute to the development of guidelines for halalan toyyiban nutrition for Muslim family, especially in Malaysia. Subsequent studies should be carried out to improve this research while focusing on the concept of ambiguity, widening it to a different scope of respondents.
Knowledge of otic barotrauma among air travelers in Sialkot, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Saeed Razi  , Saleh Muhammad  , Asif Javed  , Qureshi Javaid Riaz , Miss Mahnoor  , Mujahid Hussain
Published: April 2021

Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that occurs at the time of avian drop. However, it can be avoided using its adequate knowledge. The objective of present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the trauma among air travelers in Sialkot city of Punjab, Pakistan.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted male adult International air travelers (n=50) from Sialkot city, Pakistan between November 2018 and April 2019 using purposive sampling technique. A specially developed questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = .82) having 12 close-ended items on barotrauma (total possible score 12) was administered to the participants at their home. Level of knowledge was categorized as inadequate (score 0-6), moderate (7-9) and adequate (10-12). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to see the association between adequate knowledge on the OBT and sociodemographic variables using a P-value < .05 as statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.60±9.9 years. Most of them (n=36; 72%) travelled for work reason. Almost all i.e. 46 (92%) gave correct response against item 1 (information provider about air trauma) and 12 (treatment of otic barotrauma) of the administered questionnaire. The rate of adequate knowledge on OBT was found to be higher among those having more than two-time travelling experience (82.9%, P = .02). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge of the barotrauma between people having less than or more than 12 years of science education (P = .59). All the business tourists (n = 5) had adequate knowledge of barotrauma followed by jobbers (n=25) and pilgrims (n=3), respectively.

Conclusions: Business tourists have adequate knowledge on otic barotrauma associated with air travel than jobbers or Hajj/Umrah pilgrims.
Immunohistochemical Expression of BCL-2 in Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Rasul Faiz , Wahid Sultan Muhammad , Imran Iman , Rizvi Zainab , Jaffar Rozina , Anwar Ambereen
Published: April 2021

Background: Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with complex clinicopathological features and biological behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of salivary glands and to find out its association with different grades of these tumors.

Material and Methods: This descriptive study included 55 cases of MSGTs. Tissue sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Bcl-2 immunostain. MSGTs were graded as low grade (Low grade MEC, ACC, PLGA, and tubular pattern of ADCC), intermediate grade (cribriform pattern of ADCC, and intermediate grade of MEC) and high grade (high grade of MEC and solid pattern of ADCC) tumors on H&E sections. Bcl-2 expression was scored as ‘negative’ (<5% of neoplastic cells), ‘1’ (5-19% of neoplastic cells), ‘2’ (20-49% of neoplastic cells), and ‘3’ (>50% of neoplastic cells), respectively.

Results: MSGTs most commonly involved the parotid gland (52.7%), while ADCC (40%) and MEC (38.2%) were the most common tumors. Expression of Bcl-2 was strongly positive in 56.4% cases of MSGTs which included ADCC (71%), MEC (19.4%) and ACC (9.7%), respectively. A significant association was found between Bcl-2 staining and types of MSGTs i.e., MEC, ADCC, ACC (P = .001) as well as between Bcl-2 staining and grades of MSGTs (P = .013).

Conclusions: Bcl-2 protein is expressed in malignant salivary gland tumors. Its expression maybe helpful in grading small biopsies, predicting behavior, and planning targeted therapy of MSGTs.
Benefits of Near-Peer Tutoring in Small Group Discussions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Muazam Shazia , Farzana Majeed  , Saima Mumtaz Khattak
Published: April 2021

Background: A year senior medical students can prove to be a useful teaching resource with added benefits for the tutors. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of near-peer tutors after facilitating small group discussions while delivering an integrated curriculum in preclinical years.

Material and Methods: This qualitative exploratory pilot study was conducted in Rawal Institute of Health Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan from July 2017 to November 2017. Students of First year MBBS class (n=100), were divided into six small groups. Seven Second year MBBS students who had secured more than 60% marks throughout year one assessments and in Professional examination were selected as Near-Peer tutors after informed verbal consent. In the first discussion, three groups were taught by three tutors and three by junior faculty. In the second discussion, the groups were swapped and exposed to the same strategy as above, with new learning objectives, but the remaining three tutors now took batches. One tutor acted as a substitute. Qualitative data was collected after interviewing the tutors individually and responses were audio recorded. The collected data, both notes and audio recordings of the interviews, was transcribed into text to generate codes, theme and sub themes.

Results: Transcription of data revealed that the tutors enjoyed teaching and were of the opinion that Near-Peer tutoring is more effective in small groups, for both tutors and the learners. The tutors felt a boost in self-confidence and improvement in communication skills, after facilitating a small group. Tutoring also helped in developing their higher order cognitive thinking, learning skills and time management.

Conclusions: Near-Peer tutoring helped the tutors develop learning and communications skills while facilitating small group sessions, thus helping them in their future medical roles.

Key words: Integrated curriculum, Near-Peer tutoring, Peer Assisted Learning, Small group discussions.
Jurisprudence Popularized: Between Law, Literature, and Film
Authors: Dubowska Marta
Published: April 2021

In this paper I discuss the apparent similarities between the “literate approach” and the aspiring “visual media approach”. Then, I scrutinize arguments for utility of the second approach. It seems that even though both approaches are founded on similar humanistic considerations, they are nonetheless separate positions; thus the need to justify the application of the second approach independently of the first. As an important task in due course I consider debunking the arguments in support of accusations of the “law and film” movement of being a threat to law and its legitimacy (as related to the “law going pop” argument by Richard K. Sherwin).