bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses to serious adverse incidents in mental health care settings: a qualitative study of a complex patient safety system
Authors: Anderson N. , Nathan R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Individual patient safety processes (such as reporting, investigating, learning and improving patient outcomes) activated following serious adverse incidents (e.g. patient suicide) are not distinct or standalone. Rather, they are embedded within a complex system of multiple interdependent processes enacted by individuals who are subject to an array of implicit and explicit influences (Nathan et al. BJPsych Advances 2022; 1-11). Although some specific elements of the response to adverse incidents have been examined, no previous empirical research has set out to study the complex interacting system within which these elements are situated.

Objectives

This study’s aim was to characterise a complex patient safety system and to identify types of processes across that system that have an impact on the goal of improving patient safety.

Methods

Recorded 1:1 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with staff in a range of patient safety roles across a mental health care system to elicit accounts of the system response to serious adverse incidents. These interviews were transcribed, and the transcriptions were subject to thematic analysis using the Framework Method for qualitative research in health care settings (Gale et al. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2013; 13.1; 1-8).This preliminary study relates to the analysis of 8 interviews.

Results

The following six main types of influences on the effectiveness of patient safety system responses to adverse incidents were identified:

1.

Differing functions/expectations of investigations into serious incidents (due to differing demands of different parties, such as the health provider, the family, the coroner, etc);

2.

Differing methodologies used to investigate serious adverse incidents (although system-based generally preferred, there was a noted risk that this approach may fail to identify occasional examples of poor practice);

3.

Relationship between incident investigation processes and patient safety processes (with a particular potential for the latter to dominate the system at the expense of the former);

4.

System complexity (multiple interacting processes/processors at multiple levels within the health provider and wider health system);

5.

Operationalising recommendations from investigations (with the potential for adverse unintended patient safety consequences)

6.

Influence of national directives

Conclusions

As well as paying attention to individual components of the safety system (e.g. investigation methodology and organisational culture), the development of an effective patient safety system is dependent on an understanding of the complex interacting processes across the system. This study sheds empirical light on key influences that act across a mental health provider system. Both researchers of patient safety and providers intending to improve their approach to patient safety should take account of such systemic influences on effectiveness.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Suicide risk, hopelessness, interpersonal needs, and mental health in a sample of migrant psychiatric patients: a case-control study
Authors: Polidori L. , Berardelli I. , Sarubbi S. , Sarli G. , Corti C. , Erbuto D. , Pompili M. , Cifrodelli M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Suicide is a multifactorial phenomenon characterized by many biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. The study of this phenomenon in migrants is complex, with no theoretical framework that can describe the available heterogeneous data. Although Italy has the fourth largest migrant population of EU, only few studies have assessed suicidal risk in migrants.

Objectives

The aim of his study is to assess suicide risk factors (hopelessness; interpersonal needs; traumatic experiences) in a sample of migrant patients, and to evaluate the possible application of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS). Moreover, suicidal ideation and attempts were compared between migrants and natives. Lastly, a wider psychometric assessment has been conducted (depressive and anxiety symptoms; autistic traits).

Methods

In this case-control study, we included 50 migrants vs. 50 natives. Data were collected during the same period by gender, age, and diagnosis. We collected sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. We administered the following tests: Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum.

Results

There were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics, except for ethnicity. Otherwise, there were significative differences between diagnosis (p:0.013), with native reporting more Mood Disorders, and migrants reporting more Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, Trauma-Related, Eating, and Substance Use Disorders. Migrants were more prone to be on treatment with Mood Stabilizers (p:0.000). There were significative differences for interpersonal needs, trauma, anxiety, and autistic traits. Migrants show more perceived burdensomeness (p:0.05), more physical neglect (p:0.004), physical abuse (p:0.002), and sexual abuse (p:0.016), more anxiety symptoms (p:0.046), and more empathy alterations (p:0.014). No differences were found for suicidal ideation and attempts, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Despite there were no differences in suicide risk, migrants showed higher rates of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and childhood traumatic experiences (CTE). Both PB and CTE represent cardinal constructs of the ITS. No differences were found for hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Migrants showed higher rates of anxiety symptoms and empathy alterations. Even if suicide rates between migrants and natives were similar, accurate assessment of suicidal risk in migrants is crucial in improving suicide prevention strategies. Suicide risk evaluation in migrants should consider the application of ITS. For an appropriate clinical evaluation of the migrant patients, anxiety dimensions and autistic traits should be investigated.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Principles of ADHD diagnosis in adults The diagnosis of ADHD in adults poses unique challenges due to the subtlety of symptoms and the presence of comorbidities
Authors: Todzia A.
Published: August 2024

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly associated with childhood, yet its prevalence and impact extend into adulthood. The diagnosis of ADHD in adults poses unique challenges due to the subtlety of symptoms and the presence of comorbidities.

The workshop aims to provide early career psychiatrists with a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges associated with adult ADHD, emphasizing evidence-based approaches to diagnosis and effective management.

The management of adult ADHD involves a multimodal approach encompassing psychoeducation, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial interventions. The integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and coaching strategies proves beneficial in addressing executive function deficits and enhancing adaptive skills.

Pharmacological interventions are a key component in the management of ADHD. These interventions aim to alleviate symptoms, improve cognitive functioning, and enhance overall functioning. The two main classes of medications commonly used for ADHD treatment are stimulants and non-stimulants.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Neuropsychiatric manifestations inaugurating Biermer’s disease
Authors: Bader S. , Msadek N. , Ellini S. , Damak R. , Cheour M.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Vitamin B12 deficiency gives rise to a wide spectrum of hematological, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. Notable among the neuropsychiatric symptoms are mood disturbances, cognitive decline, and psychotic manifestations.

Objectives

We present a case of a woman with neuropsychiatric symptoms linked to vitamin B12 deficiency to highlight certain organic aetiologies with psychiatric symptoms in the foreground.

Methods

We discussed through a clinical case and a literature review, the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and vitamine B12 deficiency in the context of biermer’s disease.

Results

We presented a patient aged 51-years-old without neurological or psychiatric history, she was hospitalised in a psychiatry department for behavioral disturbances, hetero-aggression, and incoherent speech. The psychiatric examination revealed distant contact, inappropriate affects, disorganized speech with persecutory delusions, memory problems, and poor insight. Neurological et physical examinations were normal, and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormalities. First, haloperidol 25mg was prescribed, however, there was only partial improvement. Complete blood counts revealed macrocytic anemia (Hemoglobin: 8 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume: 106 fL). Her serum B12 assay was 48.19 pmol/L.Given these results we proceed to a Fundic biopsy, performed by fibroscopy, that revealed fundic atrophy and intestinal metaplasia compatible with Biermer’s disease. Vitamin B12 replacement therapy began with hydroxocobalamin at 1000 μg/day intramuscularly for 15 days, followed by 1000 μg every 15 days for one month. Subsequently, there was a remarkable improvement in psychotic symptoms and cognitive function. Follow-up assessments demonstrated a return to baseline functioning.

Conclusions

This case, coupled with prior studies, emphasizes the importance of considering vitamin B12 deficiency in the differential diagnosis of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are imperative in preventing potential irreversible neurological damage.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Exploring the Potential of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Tourette’s Syndrome
Authors: Cunha F. , Santos I. , Castro N. , Andrade R. , Almeida E. , Abreu J. , Martins J. , Vaz R. , Borges S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, and vocalizations known as tics. While there are existing treatment options, there is a growing need for novel pharmacological approaches to manage the symptoms of TS effectively. This study delves into the emerging field of using cannabinoids as a potential treatment for Tourette’s syndrome.

Objectives

The primary objectives of this review are to examine the current evidence base for the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome, to assess the biological rationale supporting the use of cannabinoids in managing tic severity, to provide insights into the results of existing clinical trials involving cannabinoids and Tourette’s syndrome, and to draw conclusions regarding the potential efficacy and safety of cannabinoid-based treatments for TS.

Methods

Narrative review of the available scientific literature.

Results

There is a strong biological rationale for how cannabinoids could impact tic severity. The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including motor control and neurotransmitter release. Activation of cannabinoid receptors in the brain may modulate these processes, potentially reducing tics. While limited, two small randomized, placebo-controlled trials of THC have been conducted in TS patients. These trials suggested potential benefits of cannabis-derived agents in reducing tic frequency and severity. Self-report and examiner rating scales demonstrated significant improvements in tic symptoms. The trials indicated that THC treatment did not result in significant adverse effects in TS patients.

Conclusions

The exploration of cannabinoids as a treatment option for Tourette’s syndrome is promising but requires further investigation. The biological mechanisms through which cannabinoids may affect tic severity in TS are sound, suggesting their potential as a therapeutic option. Existing trials with THC have shown encouraging results, demonstrating a reduction in tics without significant adverse effects. However, the limited number of trials warrants caution in drawing definitive conclusions. Despite the promising findings, the overall efficacy and safety of cannabinoid-based treatments remain largely unknown. Further trials are essential to address dosing, active ingredients, optimal administration, and potential long-term effects. Clinical use should be approached with caution. While early evidence is encouraging, additional rigorous studies are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of cannabinoid-based treatments for this disorder.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Dynamics of neurocognitive impairments in patients with chronic alcoholism of the second stage
Authors: Baranskaya L. , Babyshkina E. , Sidenkova A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Neuropsychological disorders in patients with alcoholism intensively studied since the mid-70s of the last century. Research in this area divided into three groups: the study of premorbid neuropsychological features of alcohol dependence; study of neuropsychological disorders of chronic alcohol use; study of the prognostic value of neuropsychological disorders in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. In domestic neuropsychology, is the necessary information about the neuropsychological characteristics of patients suffering from alcohol dependence, neuropsychological manifestations in cognitive processes.

Objectives

to identify neuropsychological features of patients suffering from alcohol dependence with a diagnosis of stage 2 alcoholic disease

Methods

A neuropsychological examination was carried out according to the method of A.R. Luria of 39 patients aged 29 to 68 years with a diagnosis of stage 2 alcoholic disease. The group of patients is divided into 3 subgroups of alcohol abuse: up to 10 years, 10-20 years; more than 20 years.

Results

Disorders of higher mental functions identified in all subgroups. In chronic alcoholic encephalopathy, there is a tendency to increase cognitive deficits. According to the results of the neuropsychological examination, it was found that the greatest disorders in patients of the first subgroup occur in the implementation of successive processes (memory, thinking), arbitrary regulation of activity, and also relate to the regulatory aspects of memory, attention, thinking and speech.

In patients of the second subgroup, the most numerous in this sample, violations of visual object gnosis were revealed, as well as a violation of the synthesis of information necessary to endow the image of the object with a certain meaning In patients of the third subgroup, pronounced disorders inherent in the first and second subgroups were found, as well as distortions in the identification of emotions, that is, the inability to compare emotional objects with an emotional standard, which indicates signs affective-cognitive deficit in alcoholic disease of the second stage.

Conclusions

In the study, the dynamics of neuropsychological disorders in patients with alcohol disease of the second stage, depending on the experience of alcohol abuse, found

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The role of cerebral-cognitive reserve in the birth of a child with Alzheimer’s in late-life individuals
Authors: Sidenkova A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The modern understanding of AD allows us to consider it through the constructs of “vulnerability” and “stability” of the brain in relation to the pathological effects of neurodegeneration. To describe the resistance of the brain to a developing lesion due to a pathological process, the concept of “reserve” is proposed.

Objectives

A systematic review of scientific studies was conducted.

Methods

The review includes an analysis of full-text literature sources.

Results

Resilience models based on reserves are described, which can be broadly divided into cerebral and cognitive reserve models. The quality of the brain substrate underlies the cerebral reserve. Its role and power are determined by the ratio of healthy/affected neurons, the integrity of synaptic connections, and the size of the brain/ It seems to us that the conditions that promote or hinder the functioning of the brain should also be taken into account when characterizing the cerebral reserve. Cognitive reserve is determined by the phenomena of mental processes and functions. It includes the individual’s involvement of the individual in various cognitively stimulating activities throughout life. Cognitive reserve plays a decisive role when it comes to determining the effectiveness of the activation of additional areas or the implementation compensatory strategies, behaving more flexibly and dynamically than the passive threshold. Brain and cognitive reserve models cannot be considered mutually exclusive. They reflect different categorical levels: substrate and functional. The cerebral reserve system is the morphological basis of the cognitive reserve. In fact, we can talk about a single cerebral-cognitive reserve.

Conclusions

The reserve concept states that there are individual differences in the adaptability of the functional processes of the brain that allow some people to cope with age-related and disease-related brain changes better than others. The reserve plays a protective role, postponing clinical manifestations and ensuring that adequate cognitive functioning is maintained. There is a transition from the protective role of the reserve to the compensatory function. Even after anatomical signs of brain damage are observed, the time to clinical conversion can be modulated depending on the volume of the reserve. The protection mechanisms underlying the reserve concept are partially controllable, which allows building strategies for correcting cellular homeostasis, brain functions, behavioral and cognitive patterns. Understanding the mechanisms of aging and the determinants of life expectancy will help reduce age-related morbidity and promote healthy aging.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The modulation effect of cognition on the interpretation bias of mentalization in late-life depression (LLD): A study of eye gaze interpretation – a potential screening tool for high-risk group of LLD
Authors: Cheng P. W.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Impairment in mentalization, interpreting and perceiving social relevant information has been found to play a part in the development and maintenance of depression. Major depressive disorders showed significant impairment in social cognition and such impairment appears to be positively associated with the severity of depression. Self-referential gaze perception, as a measurement of mentalization, was predominantly measured in patients with psychosis but rarely examined in late-life depression (LLD).

Objectives

To assess the effect of cognition on the interpretation bias of mentalization

Methods

This will be a cross-sectional case-controlled study on Chinese older adults with major depressive disorder recruited from outpatient departments of the public mental health service in Hong Kong. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria, with the exception of the history of major depressive disorder, will be used to recruit the control group. Assessments included sociodemographics, cognitive assessments and depressive symptoms. The primary experimental task was Gaze Perception Task using E- prime Professional 2.0. The stimuli of task are photographs of six Chinese models (3 men and 3 women) facing straight to camera with 13 different gaze directions (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30° to the left and to the right, respectively). Participants shall be instructed to respond with a “yes” or a “no” to the question (for self-referential gaze): ‘Do you feel as if the person in the picture is looking at you?’.

Results

41 patients and 41 healthy controls have been recruited. The group comparison in SRGP revealed that there was only significant difference in the unambiguous-SRGP (U=561.000, Z=-2.62, N=82, p=0.009). Patients had higher unambiguous self-referential gaze accuracy (Mean=0.16) than controls (Mean= 0.075). With a cut-off score of 22, patients with better HK-MoCA scores had better unambiguous SRGP scores than those with lower HK-MoCA scores (p=0.024). This difference was not observed in healthy controls. HK-MoCA could predict ambiguous SRGP rate F(1,80)=14.85, p<.001, R square=15.7%. and redict unambiguous SRGP rate F(1,80)=14.85, p<.001, R square=15.7%.

Conclusions

LLD subjects had a significant interpretation bias in the unambitious averted gaze (20°, 25° and 30°) interpretation compared with healthy controls. LLD subjects tend to have more self-referential perception of the clear averted gaze. This misinterpretation of the eye gaze is probably due to the interpretation bias in processing external information, which is commonly reported as mentalization impairment in depression (Weightman et al., 2014).

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Gender differences in the association of dementia and depression
Authors: Fernández Fernández R. , del Sol Calderón P. , Izquierdo de la Puente Á.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The evolution of depression and dementia has been shown to differ in some studies. For example, a history of recent depression has been found to be associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in women (Kim et al., 2021).

Objectives

We will use data collected from several dementia studies to analyze whether the presence of depression at diagnosis is more frequent in women.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search for articles analyzing the presence of depression in patients with a diagnosis of dementia. We analyzed by Student’s t test the presence of depression according to sex, considering the alternative hypothesis that there is more depression in female than male patients.

Results

The mean age of the sample was 71 years. We obtained a statistically significant Student’s t test (p=0.02).

Conclusions

The approach and approach to depression in the elderly as a risk factor could be different according to sex. For example, some studies have proposed the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause as a possible protective factor for the subsequent development of dementia (Kim et al., 2022). Further studies are recommended in this regard.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Clustering patients with late-life depression by blood glutathione-dependent enzymatic activities for stratification of a heterogeneous group
Authors: Prokhorova T. , Boksha I. , Savushkina O. , Tereshkina E. , Vorobyeva E. , Burbaeva G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We have previously found significant alterations in activities of glutathione dependent enzymes in blood cells of patients with late-life depression (LLD) compared with age-matched controls.

Objectives

The revealing subgroups of LLD patients by glutathione-metabolism enzymes’ activities in blood cells using cluster analysis.

Methods

LLD patients (n=101) of 60-86 age (69 patients with recurrent depression (RD), 23 with bipolar disorder (BD) and 9 patients with a single depressive episode (DE)) were assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Activity levels of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined in patients’ platelets (-pl) and erythrocytes (-er). The control group consisted of 51 peoples 55-84 years old without mental pathology. Cluster analysis module of the STATISTICA software was used for clustering the patients by baseline blood parameters.

Results

Three clusters of patients were obtained: C1, n=39, C2, n=31, C3, n=31, differing significantly in all biochemical parameters (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001), except GST. When compared with control group by Mann-Whitney test, GST-pl, GST-er, and GR-er were significantly decreased in C1; GST-er was significantly increased in C2; GST-pl, GR-pl, and GR-er were significantly decreased in C3. Several significant correlations were found between the measured parameters and scores by HDRS or HAMD-17. In C1, baseline activity of GST-er correlated with total scores by HAMD-17 (R=0.335, p=0.043) after treatment. In C2, baseline activity of GR-er correlated with total scores by HARS (R=-0.376, p=0,037) after treatment and GR-pl correlated with delta scores by HAMD-17 under the treatment (R=0.484, p=0.006). No significant correlations were found in C3. Patients with BD distributed significantly unevenly between C1, C2, and C3, with significantly more BD patients clustering in C1 (61%) compared with C2 and C3 (Yetes-corrected Chi-square =7.73, p=0.0054), whereas patients with RD and DE distributed evenly.

Conclusions

Patterns of activity levels for glutathione-dependent enzymes in patients with BD differ from those in patients with RD and DE. Significant correlations of the measured biochemical parameters with scores by HDRS or HAMD-17 assessed after the treatment and evidenced for the treatment efficacy seem to be promising biomarkers for further evaluation of the treatment efficacy in heterogeneous group of LLD patients using the proposed approach to their stratification into subgroups.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Case Report and Literature review. Neuropsychiatry Manifestation of Frontal Lobe Neoplasm- Meningioma. Prevalence, Presentation and Pathogenesis
Authors: Anyeji U. , Alli-Balogun O.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Meningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumor. Although most Meningiomas are benign, their location in the central nervous system can predict symptomatology which could result in significant morbidity and mortality. However, due to the slow-growing nature, meningiomas are usually asymptomatic, and diagnosis is often made incidentally on neuroimaging or at an autopsy. The incidence rate is 1.2-fold higher in Black Americans than White Americans. Neuropsychiatry manifestation might be only initial presentation; thus, psychiatrists are often the first to see these patients, and the correct diagnosis may be made only when the tumor has grown to a considerable size and begun to displace the brain.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to understand the biological basis of psychiatry symptoms in patients with Frontal Lobe meningiomas.

Methods

A review of literature and individual patient data analysis was conducted. The literature review was conducted on PubMed, Medline, MeSH, Google Scholar, and mount Sinai’s levy Library using the key words; meningioma, meningioma with psychiatric symptoms, psychosis, depression, neuropsychiatry manifestation of meningiomas.

Results

The review revealed that 88% of brain tumors and psychiatric symptoms are located in the frontal region. Meningiomas accounts for 13%-26% of intracranial tumors. There is a reported low incidence due to its slow growing nature and are usually asymptomatic. Incidence of meningiomas is predominant in females, and is attributed to hormonal factors, this is associated with estrogen and progestogen cycles. Reports shows that smoking has been linked to increase risk of meningiomas in men. Frontal lobe meningiomas may present with only psychological symptoms that resemble depression, anxiety states, hypomania and schizophrenia. Personality and mental status changes are also noted in Frontal lobe tumors. Left sided lesions are associated with inhibition of motor activity, impairment in motor and initiative aspect of speech, diminished generalization ability and general inertia of mental process.

Conclusions

Given the absence of frank neurological symptoms, to help localize the lesion, most meningiomas are missed due to diagnostic overshadowing of the primary psychiatric illness. Peritumoral edema indicates the underlying mechanism and location of the lesion predicts symptomatology. Like our patient who is an 81-year-old male with no past psychiatry history, presenting to our comprehensive psychiatry emergency program with psychiatric manifestation as the initial presentation and subsequently with MRI suggestive of Right Frontal extra-axial meningioma. This study shows that primitive frontal lobe tumors are likely to be misdiagnosed as patients with such tumors are often referred first to psychiatrist. High index of suspicious is needed.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Explanation of the personality factor with the Enneagram in the selection of the specialty branch of the intern doctors
Authors: Özen B. , Ilgin E. , Akça E. , Özercan A. , Seçgin P. , Yanartaş Ö.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Personality characteristics have an important place in the choices of interns who are at the stage of deciding how their profession will be shaped in the future. While the Big 5 personality model has been widely used in evaluating the personality traits factor in career planning, the Enneagram has increased in popularity in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to investigate how senior medical students evaluate their professional future between these choices and the students’ personality types.

Objectives

Forms and scales were presented to 221 interns who agreed to participate in our study and were studying in their final year in the 2022-2023 period at three different faculties, two state universities and one private university in the Marmara Region in Turkey.

Methods

The sociodemographic data form, Enneagram Personality Types and Subtypes Inventory, and Positive Future Expectation Scale, prepared by the researchers and containing questions about the factors that may be effective in choosing medical specialization, obtained through a face-to-face pilot interview with ten students and literature review, were applied to the participants. Participants answered the forms and scales via ‘Google forms’.

Results

211 out of 221 participants, who did not constitute outliers, were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 24.43 (S.E= 0.11)

In terms of Enneagram typologies, Type 2 (39.3%) exhibited the highest prevalence, followed by Type 1 (13.3%), Type 6 (11.8%), and Type 7 (8.5%).

Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between specialization area and Enneagram types (Fisher exact <.001, p< .001). Post-hoc examinations highlighted specific associations, such as the relationship between Type 3 and Cardiovascular Surgery, Orthopedics and Traumatology; Type 4 and Pneumology, Psychiatry; Type 5 and PRC, Type 6 and Infectious Diseases, Neurology, Medical Microbiology; Type 7 and Cardiology; Type 8 and Pediatrics, Medical Biochemistry; and Type 9 and Family Medicine, Radiology, Psychiatry, Medical Pathology.

Conclusions

When the results are evaluated, the highest rate of type 2 and type 1 of the Enneagram typology in senior medical faculty students supports the fact that the medical profession consists of responsible and principled people who love helping others. It is compatible with the character traits of people with type 9 who avoid stress and conflict, preferring the department to have a low workload, and turning to family medicine, radiology, psychiatry and medical pathology departments, which are estimated to have relatively fewer working hours and emergency applications.

Our study suggests that this scale be used more widely, as the Enneagram typology, which is used in many professional and career choices, shows results compatible with the participants’ preferences in choosing a medical specialty.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Specifics of anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology
Authors: Akhmetzyanova A. , Artemyeva T.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Adolescents with speech pathology experience disturbances in sound pronunciation, phonemic processes, poor vocabulary, insufficiently formed grammatical structure, and disturbances in coherent speech. The specifics of the emotional-volitional sphere of adolescents in this group are anxiety, isolation and negativism prevent the establishment of full social contacts with peers and adults and complicate the formation of their anticipatory competence.

Objectives

Studying the specifics of the anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology.

Methods

The study involved 56 adolescent children aged 11-15, attending an educational institution for children with disabilities, diagnosed with general speech impairment level 2. The study was carried out using the following methods: “Achenbach Questionnaire”, “Test of Anticipatory Consistency” by V.D. Mendelevich, “Anticipation of the outcome of a situation with a violation of the norm” by V.P. Ulyanova and the author’s methodology “Studying the anticipatory competence of adolescents” by Akhmetzyanova A.I., Artemyeva T.V.

Results

It was revealed that adolescents with speech pathology experience difficulties in mastering the material, it is difficult for them to concentrate their attention on the task and bring the work they have started to the end. Adolescents of this nosological group face difficulties in predicting the outcome of situations and the consequences of their own behavior in a situation of social interaction, find it difficult to control time in the process of doing homework and organizing leisure time, make a forecast of various situations that may arise at school and family, make new acquaintances, and communicate freely with parents, teachers and peers.

Conclusions

The level of speech development influences the formation of personal-situational, speech-communicative anticipatory competence of adolescents, and the ability to predict speech situations. Teenagers with speech pathology need help from adults This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Phenomenology or constructivism in psychopathology
Authors: Dzhupanov G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Phenomenology is historically fundamental for psychopathology. In recent decades constructivist approaches occur as an alternative. Some consider them quite compatible, others take the reverse stance, arguing for advances of one or the other. This has parallel in discussions and contradictions in philosophy of mind.

Objectives

As Dennett points, there is no science free of philosophy, so it is recommendable to make clear and bear in mind on what kind of philosophy is based contemporary psychopathology.

Methods

Brief review and comparison between phenomenological and constructivist approaches.

Results

There is no doubt, that culture influences self and experience. Culture and social environment shape abnormal experiences as well. In an extreme variant a constructivist statement would sound as “Someone suffers from a disorder because a violation of social norms.” The self is considered as socially constructed entirely, in the spirit of Mead. Psychopathological theories are function of societal development as well. Phenomenological approach pays attention to constitution and structure of subjective experience. The self has a multilayer structure with a pre-reflexive experiential level of self. Elements of subjective reality do exist, that are not result from social influence, these include abnormal experiences. Especially some experiences in severe mental illness originate from profound disturbance of intentionality based on dysfunction of pre-reflexive self-awareness as it shown by T. Fuchs.

Conclusions

Phenomenology offers more broad and satisfying framework for psychopathology and psychiatry. Contribution of constructivism is not to be ignored, but seems to be one-sided. Further research and deeper education in phenomenological psychopathology of trainees would be valuable.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Comparative study of the effectiveness of EMDR G-TEP and CBT group protocols for the treatment of trauma in children exposed to a conflict context
Authors: Dozio E. , Bizouerne C. , Wamba V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

357 million children live in conflict zones. Children’s mental health is a major but complex issue as needs and interventions depend on the age of the child, caregivers, daily safety and protection, etc. EMDR and CBT are the recommended therapies to treat PTSD according to the WHO, but there is not enough standardized evidence-based protocol for children. Testing and evaluating trauma management systems for children is essential for trauma treatment interventions to be implemented in emergency contexts, such as war and conflict situations.

Objectives

This research compares two intervention protocols for children aged 6 to 17 years suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after exposure to conflict traumatic events in the Central African Republic: the protocol “Kôno” developed by Action contre la Faim, based on a CBT and narrative approaches and the EMDR/G-TEP (Group Traumatic Events Protocol). After a psychoeducation session, the children were assigned to the ACF-KONO or EMDR/G-TEP groups for 5 sessions. The Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS) to measure general well-being and functioning and the Child Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES) to assess trauma, were administered before and after treatment.

Methods

793 children participated in the research, 391 were included in the ACF-KONO protocol and 402 in the EMDR/G-TEP protocol. Both protocols have been shown to be equally effective in improving well-being and reducing traumatic symptoms. 185 children (90 ACF-KONO and 95 EMDR/G-TEP) were also re-evaluated after 5 months. The CPDS and CRIES-8 measurements reveal that the results are stable over time, with the use of both protocols. Detailed results will be presented.

Results

This research contributes to the discussion on a framework for group protocols for children in mental health and psychosocial support interventions in humanitarian programs. The two protocols tested showed very good results in reducing symptoms of PTSD in children. How to choose between EMDR/G-TEP and CBT? What contextual and cultural adaptations are to be expected? Are there differences in children’s appreciation? And in that of mental health practitioners? Ideas for reflection will be shared.

Conclusions

It is possible to widen access to therapeutic treatment of PTSD for children in emergency situations such as war and conflict. Further research in other contexts is needed. These studies should explore qualitative elements, such as children’s appreciations, but also the impact of these different protocols on the vicarious trauma of professionals involved in the treatment of children’s trauma.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Prevalence and patterns of post-traumatic stress disorder in victims of intimate partner violence
Authors: Tabib F. , Guermazi F. , Masmoudi R. , Mnif D. , Feki I. , Baati I. , Masmoudi J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

It’s a well-known fact that violence, particularly repetitive violence or violence lasting several years, as is often the case with intimate partner violence (IPV), has a severe psycho-traumatic impact. Although not all women are affected to the same degree or in the same way, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental health consequence of IPV.

Objectives

To assess the psycho-traumatic impact of IPV on female victims. To study the factors associated with PTSD among these women.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional observational study, carried out over a 10-month period from March 2021 to December 2021, among female victims of IPV consulting psychiatric emergencies at UHC Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia for medical expertise at the request of the court. We studied the PTSD in these women using the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS).

Results

The total number of participants was 120 with an average age of 37.27 years. The majority had secondary education or less (62.5%), were professionally active (53.3%), and were financially dependent on their partners (26.7%). As for the women’s clinical characteristics, 19.2% were under psychiatric care, 15% had attempted suicide and 10% had a history of childhood abuse. Regarding the couple’s profile, marriage was arranged in 58.3% of cases, and the average duration of marriage was 12.34 years, exceeding 10 years in 44.2% of cases.

The impact reported by our women was 100% psychological and 96.7% familial. As a result, 75.8% had sought help from family and friends, and 55.8% had decided to separate from their partners.

According to the PCLS scale, 78.3% of female victims showed PTSD with a positive score > 44. It was associated with a higher number of suicide attempts (p=0.04), a marriage duration exceeding 10 years (p=0.02), help-seeking (p=0.001), and divorce (p=0.014).

Conclusions

PTSD is a particularly serious psychiatric condition. However, its impact remains insufficiently understood and taken into account in medical, psychological, social, and legal care. Knowing the psycho-traumatic consequences of violence is absolutely essential to better protect, support, and care for victims.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Reactivation of trauma in an inadequately structured person
Authors: Jovanovska V. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The person is constantly exposed to various types of psychosocial stress, and what will be the course and outcome of the reaction, in addition to other factors, primarily depends on the structure of the person (cognitive, conative, affective and somatic characteristics).

Objectives

Presentation of a case of an inadequately structured person (a 29-year-old girl) who experiences an emotional loss, thus reactivating a trauma experienced many years ago (content-like emotional loss). The activation of traumatic memory as a center for generating a complex of pathological symptoms is provoked due to the personal structural inability of a person to legally reorganize, reintegrate and absorb stress.

Methods

For a complete psychological exploration of an organization, personality dynamics, symptoms, defenses, motives, goals, values, interpersonal relationships, etc. I have applied: MMPI-202, NEO PI-R, Millon’s test, PIE, ZS and Azinger aggression scale.

Results

The result is an inadequately structured person of the avoidant type: introverted, vulnerable, disturbingly self-centered, constantly alert to prevent his impulses and affectional compunctions from leading to a repetition of pain and suffering experienced in the past, denying his feelings to maintain interpersonal distance, sensitive, helpless in an aggressive environment, low self-esteem and self-confidence, with weak capacities to overcome stress, etc. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are dominant. Manifest symptomatology is elaborated.

Conclusions

In a person with an inadequate structure, there is an increased vulnerability, therefore applying an exploratory approach to people with a stressful condition in daily professional practice is a necessary need in order to more effectively, comprehensively treat the current and previously memorized stressful reactions with an emphasis on the highly personalized response to stress.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Impact of excessive interest in news related to the war on mental health in conditions of big invasion and information war: experience of Ukraine
Authors: Markova M. , Aliieva T. , Abdriakhimova T. , Prib H. , Markov A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

An important component of the russian-Ukrainian war is information war. russia conducts psychological diversions the purpose of which is harming and disorganization the population’s mental health by reducing the ability of criticality thinking and formation of various stress-associated, anxiety-depressive, phobic, etc. disorders.

Objectives

To study the impact of information about the war on the mental health of Ukrainian population.

Methods

186 Ukrainian people voluntarily completed the questionnaire in Google format. It contains tools for assessing the level of stress PTCI, anxiety response GAD-7, depression PHQ-9, the intolerance to the uncertainty (IUS-12 in G.Gromova’ adaptation) and developed by us “Test for the detection of disorders related to the obsession with news about the russian-Ukrainian war” (M.Markova et al, 2022).

Results

Most of the civilian population of Ukraine demonstrate excessive fascination with news associated with the war, with almost 50% have all the signs of clinically formed addiction.

Psychopathological anxiety and depressive manifestations of varying intensity are characterized by more than 30% of the population. Almost 80% suffer from the effects of psycho-traumatic factors, of which 45% are observed by post-stress maladaptation, 25% - by signs of PTSD (23%) or PTSD (2%).

The presence of anxiety-depressive response does not depend on the level of obsession of the news: among persons with signs and/or clinical psychopathological symptoms, there are persons both excessively passionate about information and with a safe level of use.

Any high level of interest of news (addiction/dangerous/risky) has a close direct correlation with the intensity of pathological stressful response and the level of tolerance to uncertainty.

All persons with anxiety-depressive and pathological stressful response symptoms, and 58% of people with excessive fascination with news are characterized by low tolerance to uncertainty. This can serve as a prognostic marker of development of maladaptation and testify to the leading role of a lack of tolerance to uncertainty in its development in wartime.

42 % of people who have an excessive interest in news, haven’t signs of maladaptive response. They use the interest of information as a stress management’s resource, which has a positive effect on the mental state and increases the ability to successfully function in uncertainty.

Conclusions

The development of information and psychological stability by increasing tolerance to uncertainty is a perspective area of research in the field of mental protection of the population of Ukraine.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared