bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Gender Analysis of Women Field Guides’ Experiences in Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare: A Feminist Social Work Perspective
Authors: Karoff Maggie Q. , Norton Christine L. , Tucker Anita R. , Gass Michael A. , Foerster Elise
Published: August 2018

Rationale:

Social work has long supported activity-based group work for young people. One such approach includes outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH), also known as wilderness therapy, which often employs nonclinical field staff to lead outdoor activities as part of the overall treatment model. Although men and women both serve as field guides, the culture of OBH has historically been male-dominated, at times obscuring the voices and perspectives of female staff in the field. For this reason, a feminist social work lens was employed in order to engage in a qualitative gender analysis of women field guides’ experiences in OBH.

Methods:

Focus groups were used in this study to better understand gender as experienced by individuals who identify as women working as field guides in OBH.

Findings:

Results indicated that women experienced gender at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and program levels in ways that contributed to both empowerment and obstacles to leadership roles and longevity in the field. Identified needs included training for all staff on gender, women in leadership roles, and all women’s spaces.

Practice Considerations:

Implications for social work practice are discussed, aimed at supporting women’s development and creating work environments most conducive to learning and growth for staff and clients alike.
“Stop Waking the Dead”: Internet Child Sexual Abuse and Perspectives on Its Disclosure
Authors: Katz Carmit , Piller Shir , Glucklich Talia , Matty Daniela Efrat
Published: August 2018

The phenomenon of Internet child sexual abuse (ICSA) has been receiving growing attention over the last decade, and studies have promoted knowledge with respect to the phenomenon’s epidemiology, as well as to characteristics of the victims, perpetrators, and dynamics in these cases. The current retrospective study sought to delve into the disclosure component in cases of ICSA. The sample comprised 52 cases of adolescents who arrived at a child advocacy center (CAC) following ICSA. Analysis of these cases was targeted to capture the multifaceted nature of disclosure using those perspectives that could be documented by the CAC staff—of the practitioners, the adolescents, and their parents. Beyond the descriptive results regarding the victims and the nature of the abuse, the case analyses illustrate the disclosure process as experienced by the various parties involved, highlighting the challenging nature of this aspect of the phenomenon. For the parents, the disclosure experience can perhaps be best epitomized by the expression that was heard repeatedly—“Stop waking the dead”—an expression that indicated their wish to bring the subject to a close. The difficulty in disclosing such incidents was also illustrated by the fact that 20 children in the current sample were reluctant to collaborate during the CAC process. In fact, according to these data, most of the incidents were revealed following a police investigation rather than by a disclosure initiated by the children themselves. Focusing on this specific aspect of ICSA—that is, disclosure—enables a new perspective on it and stresses the need to further study it in such cases. A better understanding of the disclosure experience as it pertains to the individuals involved in cases of ICSA may improve and help modify future prevention and intervention efforts in the field.
Participant satisfaction with clinical trial experience and post-trial transitioning to HIV care in Kenya
Authors: Odero Isdora , Ondeng’e Ken , Mudhune Victor , Okola Phoebe , Oruko Jecinter , Otieno George , Akelo Victor , Gust Deborah A
Published: August 2018

We conducted an exploratory analysis of former HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 (HPTN 052) clinical trial participants in 2016 to assess their (1) satisfaction with the HPTN 052 clinical trial care and treatment, and reasons for joining the trial; and (2) perspectives about the post-trial transition to public HIV care centers. Quantitative data showed that, of the 70 survey participants, 94.3% (n = 66) reported being very satisfied with the care and treatment they received while participating in the clinical trial and 51.4% (n = 36) reported they joined the study because they would receive information to improve their own or their partner’s health. Qualitative data (five in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions) analysis revealed the following themes: transition experiences; perceived superior clinical trial care; study benefits not offered at public HIV care centers; and the public HIV care centers’ indifference to the uninfected partner. For some HPTN 052 participants, transition to HIV care clinics was disappointing. Clinical trial investigators and local Institutional Review Boards should consider the need for safeguards and oversight of post-trial health care for trial participants after the trial ends, especially in resource-constrained settings, to avoid negative health outcomes.
Congruence in Exchange: The Influence of Supervisors on Employee Performance in Family Firms
Authors: McLarty Benjamin D. , Vardaman James M. , Barnett Tim
Published: August 2018

A pluralistic focus on economic and noneconomic goals creates dissonance for family firm employees. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study explores the idea that congruence between supervisor familial status and importance placed on socioemotional wealth aids in resolving this dissonance and allows committed employees to translate their efforts into better performance. The three-way interaction results show that committed employees working for congruent supervisors experienced higher task and citizenship performance. Supervisor incongruence resulted in the opposite effect. These findings suggest supervisor genuineness is vital to employee performance because of the dissonance associated with the pluralistic goal orientation in family firms.
Trends and Predictors of Palliative Care Referrals in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Patel Brijesh , Secheresiu Paul , Shah Mahek , Racharla Lekha , Alsalem Ahmad B. , Agarwal Manyoo , Tripathi Byomesh , Sablani Naveen , Garg Lohit , Patil Shantanu , Islam Nauman , Ray Daniel , Ogunniyi Modele O. , Freudenberger Ron
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To determine the rate and predictors of palliative care referral (PCR) in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Introduction:

The PCR is commonly utilized in terminal conditions such as metastatic cancers. There is no data on trends and predictors from large-scale registry of general population regarding PCR in patients with AHF.

Methods:

For this retrospective study, data were obtained from National Inpatient Sample Database from 2010 to 2014. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes to identify cases with a principle diagnosis of AHF. These patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) PCR, (2) no PCR groups. We performed multivariate analysis to identify predictors of PCRs, as well as reported PCR trends from 2010 to 2014.

Results:

From the database, out of 37 312 324 hospitalizations, 621 947 unweighted cases with primary diagnosis of AHF were selected for further analysis. About 2.8% received PCR. From 2010 to 2014, there was an uptrend from 2.0% to 3.6% for PCR. Metastatic cancer, ventilator-dependent respiratory failure, and cardiogenic shock were strongly associated with PCR. Those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and African American or other races were negative predictors for PCR. In the PCR group, 31.4% of patients died during hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Palliative care referrals were made in a very small proportion of patients with AHF. We observed steady rise in the PCR utilization. Chronic conditions, advancing age, and high-risk patients were major predictors of PCR.
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced parental health–related quality of life and family functioning
Authors: O’Mahony Julia , Marrie Ruth Ann , Laporte Audrey , Bar-Or Amit , Yeh E Ann , Brown Adalsteinn , Dilenge Marie-Emmanuelle , Banwell Brenda
Published: August 2018

Background:

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) during childhood has the potential to impact the affected child’s self-perception and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the family.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of chronic disease, in children ascertained as having MS and their families, when compared to those with monophasic acquired demyelinating syndrome (monoADS).

Methods:

In a national prospective cohort study of pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS), the HRQoL of children and their families was captured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Modules.

Results:

Participants (58 MS; 178 monoADS) provided cross-sectional HRQoL data a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 4.1 (2.0–6.0) years after disease onset. The HRQoL of parents of children with MS and their family functioning was lower when compared to that of parents and families of children with monoADS (both p < 0.001); parents of children with MS reported greater emotional dysfunction, worry, worse communication, and lower family functioning irrespective of clinical disease activity. Self-reports of the MS and monoADS participants did not suggest a difference in overall HRQoL or fatigue after adjusting for age of the child at the time of assessment.

Conclusion:

While children with MS did not self-report lower HRQoL compared to children who experienced monoADS, the diagnosis of MS during childhood was negatively associated with parental HRQoL and family functioning.
Examining the inclusion of diverse participants in cognitive behavior therapy research for youth with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety
Authors: Pickard Katherine , Reyes Nuri , Reaven Judy
Published: August 2018

Results of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms following cognitive behavior therapy participation. Although promising, the extent to which previous research has included families from low socioeconomic status or racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds is unknown. Aims of this study are as follows: (1) What is the race, ethnicity, and educational attainment of youth with autism spectrum disorder and their families who have participated in research examining the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety? and (2) How do the demographics of these participants compare to that of the United States census? A total of 14 studies were reviewed that included 473 participants. Chi-square analyses indicated that there are significant differences between the race/ethnicity of youth with autism spectrum disorder participating in cognitive behavior therapy research for anxiety and that of youth in the United States. Standard residuals indicated significant overrepresentation of White youth and significant underrepresentation of Black and Latino youth in cognitive behavior therapy research (all p-values <0.001). Similarly, there were significant differences in the educational attainment of caregivers participating in cognitive behavior therapy research, with a significant underrepresentation of caregivers from low socioeconomic status backgrounds ( p < 0.001). These findings have implications for the development of cognitive behavior therapy interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder and anxiety that are both rigorous and inclusive.
Peace journalism on a shoestring? Conflict reporting in Nigeria’s national news media
Authors: Demarest Leila , Langer Arnim
Published: August 2018

Conflicts that occur across ethnic and/or religious identity lines generally have underlying root causes such as economic marginalization and political competition. Yet when these causes are ignored by politicians and the media, and conversely differences in ethnicity and religion are simply propagated as the main conflict causes, this may have serious consequences for people’s perceptions concerning the possibility and feasibility of peaceful conflict resolution and coexistence. In this paper, we investigate to what extent Nigerian newspapers practice peace journalism by emphasizing underlying causes of conflict in their reporting rather than stressing ethnic and religious divisions. We make use of a sequential mixed methods approach, which combines a quantitative content analysis of news reports with semi-structured interviews with Nigerian newspaper editors and journalists. Our results indicate that Nigerian newspapers do not explicitly use divisive language when discussing conflicts, but they rarely stress underlying structural causes either. While there is a willingness among Nigerian journalists to avoid potentially escalatory language, a dearth of resources and capacities impedes independent and in-depth analysis concerning the underlying drivers of conflicts.
Long-term neurological, vascular, and mortality outcomes after stroke
Authors: Singh Ravinder-Jeet , Chen Shuo , Ganesh Aravind , Hill Michael D
Published: August 2018

Background

Despite improved survival and short-term (90-day) outcomes of ischemic stroke patients, only sparse data exist describing the sustained benefits of acute stroke care interventions and long-term prognosis of stroke survivors.

Aim

We review the contemporary literature assessing long-term (5 years or more) outcomes after stroke and acute stroke treatment.

Summary of review

Acute stroke unit care and intravenous thrombolysis have sustained benefits over longer follow-up, but few data exist on the long-term outcome after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). A large proportion of stroke survivors face challenges of residual disability and neuropsychiatric sequelae (especially affective disorders and epilepsy) which affects their quality of life and is associated with poorer prognosis due to increase in stroke recurrences/mortality. Nearly, a quarter of stroke survivors have a recurrent stroke at 5 years, and nearly double that at 10 years. Mortality after recurrent stroke is high, and half of the stroke survivors are deceased at 5 years after stroke and three fourth at 10 years. Long-term all-cause mortality is largely due to conditions other than stroke. Both stroke recurrence and long-term mortality are affected by several modifiable risk factors, and thus amenable to secondary prevention strategies.

Conclusions

There is a need for studies reporting longer term effects of acute interventions, especially EVT. Better preventive strategies are warranted to reduce the vascular and non-vascular mortality long after stroke.
Efficacy and safety of thrombus aspiration in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Taglieri Nevio , Bacchi Reggiani Maria Letizia , Ghetti Gabriele , Saia Francesco , Compagnone Miriam , Lanati Gianluca , Di Dio Maria Teresa , Bruno Antonio , Bruno Matteo , Della Riva Diego , Corsini Anna , Narducci Riccardo , Rapezzi Claudio
Published: August 2018

Background:

The role of thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction remains controversial.

Methods:

We performed a meta-analysis of 25 randomised controlled trials in which 21,740 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients were randomly assigned to thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention or primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Study endpoints were: death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and stroke.

Results:

On pooled analysis, the risk of death (4.3% vs. 4.8%, odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.03; P=0.123), myocardial infarction (2.4% vs. 2.5%, OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80–1.13; P=0.57) and stent thrombosis (1.3% vs. 1.6%, OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63–1.01; P=0.066) was similar between thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention and primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The risk of stroke was higher in the thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention than the primary percutaneous coronary intervention group (0.84% vs. 0.59%, OR 1.401, 95% CI 1.004–1.954; P=0.047). However, on sensitivity analysis after removing the TOTAL trial, thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention was not associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.58–1.78). The weak association between thrombus aspiration and stroke was also confirmed by the fact that the lower bound of the 95% CI was slightly below unity after removing either the study by Kaltoft or the ITTI trial. There was no interaction between the main study results and follow-up, evidence of coronary thrombus, or study sample size.

Conclusions:

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not reduce the risk of death, myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis. Thrombus aspiration plus primary percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, this latter finding appears weak.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolic Events in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Nazareth Alexander , D’Oro Anthony , Liu John C. , Schoell Kyle , Heindel Patrick , Jakoi Andre , Hah Raymond , Wang Jeffrey C. , Buser Zorica
Published: August 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective, database study.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors associated with venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) after lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:

Patients who underwent lumbar surgery between 2007 and 2014 were identified using the Humana within PearlDiver database. ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision) diagnosis codes were used to search for the incidence of VTEs among surgery types, patient demographics and comorbidities. Complications including DVT and PE were queried each day from the day of surgery to postoperative day 7 and for periods 0 to 1 week, 0 to 1 month, 0 to 2 months, and 0 to 3 months postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 64 892 patients within the Humana insurance database received lumbar surgery between 2007 and 2014. Overall VTE rate was 0.9% at 1 week, 1.8% at 1 month, and 2.6% at 3 months postoperatively. Among patients that developed a VTE within 1 week postoperatively, 45.3% had a VTE on the day of surgery. Patients with 1 or more identified risk factors had a VTE incidence of 2.73%, compared with 0.95% for patients without risk factors ( P < .001). Risk factors associated with the highest VTE incidence and odds ratios (ORs) were primary coagulation disorder (10.01%, OR 4.33), extremity paralysis (7.49%, OR 2.96), central venous line (6.70%, OR 2.87), and varicose veins (6.51%, OR 2.58).

Conclusions:

This study identified several patient comorbidities that were independent predictors of postoperative VTE occurrence after lumbar surgery. Clinical VTE risk assessment may improve with increased focus toward patient comorbidities rather than surgery type or patient demographics.
3D numerical simulation of elastic waves with a frequency-domain iterative solver
Authors: Belonosov Mikhail , Kostin Victor , Neklyudov Dmitry , Tcheverda Vladimir
Published: August 2018

The efficiency of any inversion method for estimating the medium parameters from seismic data strongly depends on simulation of the wave propagation, i.e., forward modeling. The requirements are that it should be accurate, fast, and computationally efficient. When the inversion is carried out in the frequency domain (FD), e.g., FD full-waveform inversion, only a few monochromatic components are involved in the computations. In this situation, FD forward modeling is an appealing potential alternative to conventional time-domain solvers. Iterative FD solvers, based on a Krylov subspace iterative method, are of interest due to their moderate memory requirements compared with direct solvers. A huge issue preventing their successful use is a very slow convergence. We have developed an iterative solver for the elastic wave propagation in 3D isotropic heterogeneous land models. Its main ingredient is a novel preconditioner, which provides the convergence of the iteration. We have developed and justified a method to invert our preconditioner effectively on the base of the 2D fast Fourier transform and solving a system of linear algebraic equations with a banded matrix. In addition, we determine how to parallelize our solver using the conventional hybrid parallelization (MPI in conjunction with OpenMP) and demonstrate the good scalability for the widespread 3D SEG/EAGE overthrust model. We find that our method has a high potential for low-frequency simulations in land models with moderate lateral variations and arbitrary vertical variations.
Psychological interventions for bipolar disorder in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review
Authors: Demissie Mekdes , Hanlon Charlotte , Birhane Rahel , Ng Lauren , Medhin Girmay , Fekadu Abebaw
Published: August 2018

Background

Adjunctive psychological interventions for bipolar disorder have demonstrated better efficacy in preventing or delaying relapse and improving outcomes compared with pharmacotherapy alone.

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar disorder in low- and middle-income countries.

Method

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane database for systematic review, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Latin America and Caribbean Center on Health Science Literature and African Journals Online databases with no restriction of language or year of publication. Methodological heterogeneity of studies precluded meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 18 adjunctive studies were identified: psychoeducation (n = 14), family intervention (n = 1), group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) (n = 2) and group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) (n = 1). In total, 16 of the 18 studies were from upper-middle-income countries and none from low-income countries. All used mental health specialists or experienced therapists to deliver the intervention. Most of the studies have moderately high risk of bias. Psychoeducation improved treatment adherence, knowledge of and attitudes towards bipolar disorder and quality of life, and led to decreased relapse rates and hospital admissions. Family psychoeducation prevented relapse, decreased hospital admissions and improved medication adherence. CBT reduced both depressive and manic symptoms. MBCT reduced emotional dysregulation.

Conclusions

Adjunctive psychological interventions alongside pharmacotherapy appear to improve the clinical outcome and quality of life of people with bipolar disorder in middle-income countries. Further studies are required to investigate contextual adaptation and the role of non-specialists in the provision of psychological interventions to ensure scalability and the efficacy of these interventions in low-income country settings.

Declaration of interest

None.
Effective Pain Management After Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Sickle Cell Patient Emphasizing Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate/Methylprednisolone Acetate Administered via a Peripheral Nerve Blockade: A Case Report
Authors: Li Jinlei , Perese Francisco , Rubin Lee E. , Carlyle Daniel
Published: August 2018

Pain control after total hip arthroplasty in sickle cell patients is challenging yet essential to prevent sickle cell crises or protracted hospital stays. We present a case of effective analgesia that lasted for weeks in a young opioid-tolerant female. This was achieved by the administration of glucocorticoids with different durations of action, dexamethasone sodium phosphate/methylprednisolone acetate, via a femoral/lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block placed preoperatively. Postoperatively, the patient’s opioid demand was unchanged from her preoperative baseline. She met all the discharge requirements, including physical therapy targets, on postoperative day 2 and did not have any complications during the hospitalization.
Sidestep-induced neuromuscular miswiring causes severe locomotion defects in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Kinold Jaqueline C. , Pfarr Carsten , Aberle Hermann
Published: August 2018

Mutations in motor axon guidance molecules cause aberrant projection patterns of motor nerves. As most studies in Drosophila have analysed these molecules in fixed embryos, the consequences for larval locomotion are entirely unexplored. Here, we took advantage of sidestep (side)-mutant larvae that display severe locomotion defects because of irreparable innervation errors. Mutations in side affected all motor nerve branches and all body wall regions. Innervation defects were non-stereotypical, showing unique innervation patterns in each hemisegment. Premature activation of Side in muscle precursors abrogated dorsal migration of motor nerves, resulting in larvae with a complete loss of neuromuscular junctions on dorsal-most muscles. High-speed videography showed that these larvae failed to maintain substrate contact and inappropriately raised both head and tail segments above the substrate, resulting in unique ‘arching’ and ‘lifting’ phenotypes. These results show that guidance errors in side mutants are maintained throughout larval life and are asymmetrical with respect to the bilateral body axis. Together with similar findings in mice, this study also suggests that miswiring could be an underlying cause of inherited movement disorders.
Differences in Hip and Knee Landing Moments across Female Pubertal Development
Authors: SAYER TIMOTHY A. , HINMAN RANA S. , PATERSON KADE L. , BENNELL KIM L. , FORTIN KARINE , TIMMI ALESSANDRO , PIVONKA PETER , BRYANT ADAM L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The higher prevalence of knee injuries among adolescent females may be related to female pubertal development. The aim of this study was to determine whether girls exhibit higher triplanar knee and hip moments with more advanced pubertal development during a single-limb landing.

Methods

Lower-limb biomechanics of 93 females grouped according to prepubertal (n = 31), early/midpubertal (n = 31) and late/postpubertal (n = 31) development performed a single-limb drop lateral jump. Peak triplanar knee moments and hip moments at the time of peak knee moments were derived from a Vicon motion analysis system and concealed force plate. Joint moments were normalized to body mass (N·m·kg−1), height (N·m·kg−1·m−1) and body mass by height (N·m·kg−1·m−1). Between-group differences were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Pearson correlations used to explore relationships between joint moments and anthropometrics.

Results

Girls at latter stages of puberty landed with higher triplanar knee moments and hip flexion moment at time of peak knee flexion moment when normalized separately to body mass and to height (P < 0.05). In contrast, hip internal rotation moments at time of peak knee internal rotation moment normalized to body mass and to body mass by height were lower in late/postpubertal girls compared to their early/midpubescent (P = 0.01) and prepubescent (P = 0.01) counterparts. Positive correlations were identified between triplanar knee moments and body mass (r = 0.73–0.91, P < 0.001) and height (r = 0.61–0.89, P < 0.001) for all participants.

Conclusions

Higher triplanar knee and sagittal plane hip moments with more advanced pubertal stage is attributed to growth-related increases in body mass and height. Given that growth is a crucial element of puberty, further research is required to quantify the impact of pubertal growth-related changes on risk of adolescent female anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Dynamic MRI of the pelvic floor: comparison of performance in supine vs left lateral body position
Authors: Schawkat Khoschy , Pfister Bettina , Parker Helen , Heinrich Henriette , Barth Borna K , Weishaupt Dominik , Fox Mark , Reiner Caecilia S
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To investigate the performance of MR-defecography (MRD) in lateral body position as an alternative to supine position.

Methods:

22 consecutive patients (16 females; mean age 51 ± 19.4) with obstructed defecation and 20 healthy volunteers (11 females; mean age 33.4 ± 11.5) underwent MRD in a closed-configuration 3T-MRI in supine and lateral position. MRD included T  2 weighted images at rest and during defecation after filling the rectum with 250 ml water-based gel. Measurements were performed in reference to the pubococcygeal line and grade of evacuation was assessed. Image quality (IQ) was rated on a 5-point-scale (5 = excellent).

Results:

In patients grades of middle and posterior compartment descent were similar in both body positions (p > 0.05). Grades of anterior compartment descent were significantly higher in lateral position (21/22 vs 17/22 patients with normal or small descent, p < 0.034). In volunteers grades of descent were similar for all compartments in supine and lateral position (p > 0.05). When attempting to defecate in supine position 6/22 (27%) patients showed no evacuation, while in lateral position only 3/22 (14%) were not able to evacuate. IQ in patients was equal at rest (4.4 ± 0.5 and 4.7 ± 0.6, p > 0.05) and slightly better in supine compared to the lateral position during defecation (4.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.9 ± 0.9, p < 0.017). IQ in volunteers was equal in supine and lateral position (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In lateral position, more patients were able to evacuate with similar grades of pelvic floor descent compared to supine position. MRD in lateral position may be a valuable alternative for patients unable to defecate in supine position.

Advances in knowledge:

In lateral position, more patients were able to evacuate during MRD. MRD in lateral position may be an alternative for patients unable to defecate in supine position.
Recent advances in the management of gastric adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Harada Kazuto , Lopez Anthony , Shanbhag Namita , Badgwell Brian , Baba Hideo , Ajani Jaffer
Published: August 2018

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies and has a dismal prognosis. Therefore, multimodality therapies to include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy are needed to provide advantage. For locally advanced GAC (>cT1B), the emerging strategies have included preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and (occasionally) postoperative chemoradiation in various regions. Several novel therapies have been assessed in clinical trials, but only trastuzumab and ramucirumab (alone and in combination with paclitaxel) have shown overall survival advantage. Pembrolizumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration on the basis of response rate only for patients with microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or if PD-L1 expression is positive (≥1% labeling index in tumor/immune cells in the presence of at least 100 tumor cells in the specimen). Nivolumab has been approved in Japan on the basis of a randomized trial showing significant survival advantage for patients who received nivolumab compared with placebo in the third or later lines of therapy. The cure rate of patients with localized GAC in the West is only about 40% and that for metastatic cancer is very poor (only 2–3%). At this stage, much more target discovery is needed through molecular profiling. Personalized therapy of patients with GAC remains a challenge.
Complete plastome sequences of two Psidium species from the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Reatini Bryan , Torres Maria de Lourdes , Valdebenito Hugo , Vision Todd
Published: August 2018

We report the complete plastome sequences of an endemic and an unidentified species from the genus Psidium in the Galápagos Islands (P. galapageium and Psidium sp. respectively).
Sulettaria: A new ginger genus disjunct from Elettaria cardamomum
Authors: Poulsen Axel Dalberg , Båserud Mathisen Helena , Newman Mark F. , Ardiyani Marlina , Lofthusi Øystein , Sletten Bjoråi Charlotte
Published: August 2018

In 1950, Holttum placed species from Malaysia in the cardamom genus, Elettaria, while noting that they may, in fact, belong elsewhere in the tribe Alpinieae. We tested this hypothesis applying phylogenetic methods using nuclear ITS and At103, and plastid matK, ndhF and trnL-F sequences from several samples of the genus. In the resulting molecular phylogeny, these samples appeared in three separate places of the Alpinieae. Elettaria s.str. is endemic in India and Sri Lanka while all species from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo are placed in a new genus, Sulettaria which, furthermore, includes six species with basionyms in Amomum, A. kandariense from Sulawesi and the other five from Borneo. Fifteen new combinations are made, an identification key provided and lectotypes designated for three species. Plants labelled as cardamom and exhibited in some botanic gardens have been misidentified and represent a species in the Alpinia zerumbet clade.
SONGS OF LONELINESS
Authors: Исаева Сайрабубу , Isaeva Sayrabubu
Published: August 2018

This article analyzes the poetry collection «Songs of loneliness» known modern Kyrgyz poet A. Omyrkanova, which was awarded the State Prize of the Kyrgys Republic by Toktogul in 2014. The author uses the examples of genre-thematic and ideologocal-artistic specifics, especially creativity of poet
The Soteria Project: A forerunner of “a third way” in psychiatry?
Authors: Stupak Radosław , Dobroczyński Bartłomiej
Published: August 2018

Artykuł prezentuje nieco zapomniany, a jednocześnie mocno kontrowersyjny, eksperyment i fenomen terapeutyczny, jakim był Projekt Badawczy Soteria. Krótko przedstawiono historię eksperymentu, okoliczności jego przeprowadzenia i podstawowe założenia metodologiczne. Omówione i zanalizowane zostały także teoretyczne inspiracje stojące za terapeutycznym modelem Soterii oraz krótko opisane wyniki eksperymentu. Projekt Badawczy Soteria umieszczono we współczesnym i historycznym kontekście na tle innych propozycji teoretycznych i rozwiązań praktycznych. Przedstawiono także podsumowanie argumentów krytycznych jakie w stosunku do Soterii wysnuwano. Wyniki Projektu Badawczego Soteria wskazują, że zastosowane tam metody terapii, przy znacznym ograniczeniu lub nawet braku farmakoterapii, były przynajmniej równie skuteczne co ówczesne leczenie szpitalne i wydają się być wciąż niezwykle ważne w kontekście dyskusji dotyczących skutecznego i etycznego leczenia zaburzeń psychicznych. Artykuł stawia tezę, że Soteria była próbą przywrócenia znaczenia subiektywnych przeżyć i podmiotowości pacjenta w ramach zorganizowanej opieki psychiatrycznej i prekursorem współczesnych podejść nazywanych postpsychiatrycznymi, postulujących większą autonomię pacjentów, krytycznie odnoszących się do stosowanych współcześnie kryteriów diagnostycznych i podkreślających znaczenie interwencji psychoterapeutycznych.
Clearinghouse Margin Requirements
Authors: Capponi Agostino , Cheng W. Allen
Published: August 2018

We model the decision problem faced by a profit-maximizing clearinghouse, which sets fee and margin requirements for heterogeneous traders who may default. We capture the main trade-offs underpinning the clearinghouse’s choices: higher fee and better default protection come at the cost of decreased market volume. We show that the equilibrium margin requirements are determined not only by price volatility but also by trader fundamentals and funding costs. Our results (i) explain why margins are often comparatively high relative to fees and daily price movements; (ii) capture the “term-structure” of margins, in particular that some long maturity futures contracts tend to have lower margins; and (iii) predict high sensitivity of margins to funding costs.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1742 .
Research of Fatty Acid Composition of Samples of Bio-Drink Made of Camel Milk
Authors: Tasturganova Elmira , Dikhanbaeva Fatima , Prosekov Alexandr , Zhunusova Gulzat , Dzhetpisbaeva Bagila , Matibaeva Ainur
Published: August 2018

Adequate nutrition is the most important determinant of the human health. Taking into account this factor, development of the technology for special purpose dairy products based on camel milk using probiotic starter cultures that will have the ability to destroy toxic metabolites, produce amino acids, volatile fatty acids and synthesize vitamins is the urgent task. In connection with the objective set, we have developed 4 samples of dairy products based on camel milk, and examined fatty acid composition thereof on the basis of the Scientific Research Institute of Biotechnology FSBEI HE Kemerovo Institute of Food Science and Technology (University). In the scientific article four samples of the product based on milk are considered. The first sample of the fermented Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid lactococcus, propionic acid and acetic acid bacteria and Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks АНВ. The second sample was prepared using Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks АВ and Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid lactococcus, propionic acid and acetic acid bacteria. The third sample fermented Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks Бн and Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks АНВ. The fourth sample prepared with the addition of Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks АВ and Bacterial leaven of thermophilic lactic acid sticks Бн. Using the method of chemical ionization with positive and negative ions recording on a chromatographic mass-spectrometer, we determined the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the samples studied. High content of these acids was found in samples № 1 and № 2. In samples 3 and 4, the acid content was low.
Drying Modelling, Moisture Diffusivity and Sensory quality of Thin Layer dried Beef
Authors: Akello Mewa Eunice , Wandayi Okoth Michael , Nkirote Kunyanga Catherine , Njue Rugiri Musa
Published: August 2018

The objective of the present study was to determine the drying kinetics, moisture diffusivity and sensory quality of convective air dried beef. The effect of temperature of drying (30-60°C) and thickness of samples (2.5-10 mm) on the convective thin-layer drying kinetics of beefdried in a cabinet dryer was evaluated. Five semi-theoretical models were fit to the drying experimentaldata with the aim of predicting drying characteristics of beef and fitting quality of models determined using the standard error of estimate (SEE)and coefficient of determination (R2). Determination ofeffective moisture diffusivity (Deff) from the experimental drying datawas done and sensory quality of the optimized dried cooked and uncookedbeef samplesevaluated. Drying time and rate of drying increased with an increasing temperature but decreased with increased slice thickness. However, there was overlapping of drying curves at 40-50°C. Among the selected models, Page model gave the best prediction of beef drying characteristics. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) ranged between 4.2337 x 10-11 and 5.5899 x 10-10 m2/s, increasing with an increase in air temperature and beef slice thickness.Of all the sensory parameters evaluated, texture was the only attribute that gave significantly different (P > 0.05) scores between the cooked and uncooked dried beef samples.
Fine days
Authors: Weinstein Nicole
Published: August 2018

Children's fine motor skills are developing speedily at Little Foxes Forest School, an outdoor nursery in Bristol, thanks to the range of activities on offer, Nicole Weinstein discovers
5 ways to explore… an old playhouse
Authors: Mountain Julie
Published: August 2018

From a beach hut to an underwater tableau, Julie Mountain reveals how to transform a disused playhouse into something useful and rewarding
Value judgement
Authors: Fisher Julie
Published: August 2018

Organisation of the learning day is key to offering children an appropriate balance between child-led and adult-led learning, explains author and adviser Julie Fisher in the final article in this series
Recent Trends in Flexible Nanogenerators: A review
Authors: Faruk Ünsal Ömer , Çelik Bedeloğlu Ayşe
Published: August 2018

Harvesting energy from environment presents a remarkable practical way to supply energy for smart self-powered advanced devices such as remote sensing devices, wireless networks, biomedical and wearable devices. A nanogenerator converting mechanical/thermal energy into electricity is an interesting emerging technology since it produces energy from environment. The nanogenerators have different energy production approaches about which many significant studies are going on. In recent years, technological and scientific researches have been focused on flexible devices to increase the application fields. Besides, increasing work on nanogenerators showed that providing flexibility to these devices will contribute to producing more ergonomic smart systems. The devices, which are capable to be used in textile, medical, mechanical etc. industries are also designed especially in academic studies. In this review, recent trends in the field of flexible nanogenerators were presented by demonstrating new potential applications in different areas.
A Study of the Effect of TiO2, CaCO3 and Al2O3 on Mechanical Properties of LDPE Polymer Composites Fabricated by Injection Moulding Technique
Authors: Dinesh K R , Hatti Gururaj
Published: August 2018

Due to their cost effectiveness, greater strength and ease of fabrication, polymer composites are noticeable candidate almost in all areas. However, when they are used in their original form they possess very low wear resistance and hardness. The present investigation gives information on mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites where LDPE (Low density polyethylene) is used as polymer matrix and TiO2, Al2O3 and CaCO3 are used as reinforcements. The samples were prepared according to ASTM standards by injection moulding machine with varying percentage of reinforcements in polymer matrix. Tests viz., tensile, flexural impact are carried out.
An Investigation of Abrasion Resistance Property of Clay- Epoxy Nanocomposite Coating
Authors: K. Madhup Mukesh , K. Shah Nisha , R. Parekh Neha
Published: August 2018

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A based epoxy resin was loaded with alkyl quaternary ammonium modified bentonite clay nanoparticles (b-CNPs) in various concentrations. The abrasion resistance (Taber) property of the composite coatings cured with amine were investigated after 7 days and with 60 days curing at two different cycle viz. 500 and 1000. The mass losses of the materials revealed the fact that abrasion resistance increases with increase in CNPs concentration inside epoxy matrix with ageing. Thermal (DSC), spectroscopic (FTIR) and morphological (SEM) studies were performed to characterize the developed epoxy nanocomposite (ENC) coating. A gradual decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed with increase in the b-CNPs concentration. The modified b-CNPs found interacting with epoxy matrix and the intensity found increasing with increase in b-CNPs concentration during spectroscopic study. Smooth film morphology was revealed by scanning electron microscopic analysis confirming the uniform dispersion of b-CNPs inside polymer nanocomposite matrix.
Adsorption Process of Cu(II) Cations by Using the Waste of Phosphate Rock (WPR) as Novel Adsorbent material
Authors: Argani Hind , Latifa Bouamrani Mona , Yousfi Samia , Hammed El-Kouali M. , Talbi Mohammed , Atmani Rachid
Published: August 2018

The capacity of using WPR as an unused future adsorbent for the elimination of copper ions from synthetic watery solution was carried out in batch mode. The adsorption ability of Cu2+ by WPR was estimated in accordance with: initial concentration, time of contact, temperature and pH. The temperature rise resulted a higher adsorption of Copper ions by the waste of phosphate rock (WPR). The data collected was tested by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The non-linear regression procedure was the way to obtain the parameters of adsorption isotherms. The errors analysis was finalized to find out if the model was best to adapt with the experimental protocol. In the light of the obtained results and the various previous researches carried out and published in this sense, the different conclusions were proposed about the adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters were estimated. The ΔH of adsorption was positive so the process is endothermic and ΔG was negative Therefore the adsorption was spontaneous.
Studying the Mineral Additives Effect on a Composition and Properties of a Composite Binding Agent
Authors: Askar Zhambulovich Aimenov , Tatyana Mikhailovna Khudyakova , Bakytzhan Kudaibergenovich Sarsenbayev , Nagima Ormanovna Dzhakipbekova , Khalid Abdul Khalim Kheidar Ali , Yaser Mukhamed Ali Alvein
Published: August 2018

A Portland cement is a basic initial component for concrete and reinforced concrete manufacture, which defines their technical-economic and operational properties. One of a perspective ways of increase in the efficiency of cement production without essential change of its technology is inclusion of various mineral additives influencing on a structure and properties of a cement stone. As power inputs make the most part of the costs necessary for cement manufacture, the cement industry is interested in decrease in fuel and electric power expenditures per 1 tonne of cement. To reach the decrease in power inputs and at the same time to raise the environmental safety of cement production the cement industry is recently focused on increase in output of composite cements. Composite cements not only promote optimization of the production in terms of ecology, but also can provide such technical advantages as lower hydration heat, higher chemical resistance and placeability.
A New Lignan Derivative, Lasiocarpone, from The Stembark of Chisocheton iasiocarpus (Meliaceae)
Authors: Hidayat A. T. , Nurlelasari Nurlelasari , Abdullah F. F. , Harneti D. , Maharani R. , Haikal K. , Supratman U. , Azmi M. N.
Published: August 2018

A new lignan derivative, named lasiocarpone (1), was isolated from the stembark of Chisocheton lasiocarpus. The chemical structure of 1 was determined by extensive NMR and MS spectra analyses as well as by comparing with analogue compound from previous studies. Lasiocarpone showed moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF7 breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 42.5 mM.