bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the true nature of ÇOKTAN in Turkish
Authors: Görgülü Emrah
Published: December 2024

Turkish has the temporal adverb çoktan ‘long time ago’ that has been treated as a positive polarity item (PPI) in recent studies. It has been argued that it cannot co-occur with clause-mate negation, whereas native speakers seem to have split it into two in terms of its grammaticality with long-distance negation. Interestingly, there seems to be almost no formal study that has ever analyzed the properties of Turkish PPIs. In this paper, the objective was to carry out a corpus analysis of çoktan and find out whether it is truly an item of positive polarity. Based on new corpus data, it is shown that çoktan is indeed an element of positive polarity that predominantly occurs in positive sentences. It is also argued that its overall behavior can be captured by way of the semantic notion of (non)-veridicality since its syntactic distribution includes veridical and certain non-veridical contexts but excludes antiveridical ones.
ENGELLİLERE YÖNELİK SOSYAL KORUMA HARCAMALARI: YOKSULLUK VE SOSYAL DIŞLANMA BAĞLAMINDA BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Koru Uzkurt Büşra
Published: December 2024

Kapsayıcı ve erişilebilir sosyal koruma harcamaları, toplumun dezavantajlı kesimlerinin refahını artırarak toplumsal barışı destekler, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi kolaylaştırır ve sosyal adaleti temin eder. Bu araştırmanın amacı, engellilere yönelik sosyal harcamaların yoksulluk veya sosyal dışlanma riski taşıyan engellilerin durumunu nasıl etkilediğini anlamak ve bu etkilerin ne yönde olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada, Eurostat veri tabanından 2010-2021 dönemini kapsayan seçilmiş ülkelerin verileri elde edilmiş ve STATA 17 yazılım programı ile panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucu, modelin olasılık değeri modelin doğru ve anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, engellilere yönelik sosyal koruma harcamalarının engelli kişilerin yoksulluk veya sosyal dışlanma riskini azalttığını göstermektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışmanın, engelli bireylerin yaşam standartlarını iyileştirme potansiyelini ortaya koyarak, daha etkili ve hedef odaklı sosyal politikaların geliştirilmesine önemli katkılarda bulunması beklenmektedir.
FARKLI KENTSEL GELİŞMİŞLİK SEVİYELERİNDE KADINLARIN KENTSEL DENEYİMLERİ
Authors: Negiz Nilüfer , Sallan Gül Songül , Efe Seda , Cansever Niran , Tapdık Terzioğlu Seda
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de biri median olmak üzere 5 farklı gelişmişlik seviyesinde toplam 9 kentteki kadınların kenti deneyimlemesinde benzerlik ve farklılıklar ortaya koyulmak üzere bir araştırma tasarlanmıştır. Kentin kamusal alanlarında görünür ol(a)mayan kadınlarla anket, görünür/aktif olan kadınlarla ise anket ve odak grup çalışması yoluyla veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan verilerden yola çıkılarak gelişmişlik farkı olmaksızın tüm kentlerde kadınların kenti deneyimlemesi ve buralarda görünür olabilmesiyle ilgili ortak sorunlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kentsel mekânı deneyimleme konusunda en bariz olarak kadınların hava kararmadan önce ve sonra kenti deneyimleme ya da deneyimleyememe durumu ve bu konudaki ortak problemleri ön plana çıkan bulgulardan biri olmuştur. Genel olarak kentsel alan deneyiminde kadınlar için günün zamanı önemli bir değişken olmakla birlikte, ulaşım, aydınlatma, güvenlik ile ilgili kaygıların yanı sıra ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel yapının da önemli etken olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Raiders, Sultans, and the Legacy of Conquest: Byzantine Perspectives on the Ottoman Expansion
Authors: Bedirhanoğlu Hüseyin Erkan
Published: December 2024

The transition from the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Empire marks a pivotal period in history, characterized by cultural exchange, conflict, and territorial expansion. This article attempts to examine Byzantine perspectives on the emergence and growth of the Ottoman Empire, primarily relying on the narrations from the works of Byzantine historians Chalkokondyles and Doukas. By analyzing their accounts, it becomes evident that the Byzantines viewed the Ottomans through a complex lens, acknowledging their military prowess while also condemning their methods of conquest. Key themes explored include the origins of the Ottomans, the tactics of Ottoman cavalry raiders, and the portrayal of Ottoman rulers. Contrary to the notion of Ottoman warriors as holy crusaders, Chalkokondyles and Doukas depict them as economically motivated plunderers, driven by a desire for wealth and slaves rather than religious motivations. Additionally, the Byzantine historians offer varied assessments of Ottoman sultans, praising those who exhibited goodwill towards the Byzantine Empire while criticizing those who posed a threat. Ultimately, this analysis challenges prevailing narratives about the Ottomans and underscores the importance of Byzantine sources in shaping our understanding of this transformative era in history.
Dinámicas de cambio en la gestión de la Casa Real y el desarrollo de las funciones del Rey
Authors: Rodríguez de Miñón Daniel del Valle-Inclán
Published: December 2024

La Ley 19/2013 sujeta la Casa Real a las obligaciones de transparencia, sin que sus previsiones hayan sido consideradas inconstitucionales. Desde entonces, su comunicación estratégica es más proactiva y trata de mostrar una imagen de transparencia y correcta gestión abanderando conceptos como "honestidad, transparencia económica, cercanía y modernización" que son claves en esta nueva etapa. Sin embargo, no es lo mismo comunicar que informar y aquí radica uno de los aspectos que se analizan en este trabajo, tomando como referencia la referida Ley de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno, y la labor realizada a través de la página web de la Casa Real. Además, se sugiere que se pueda embridar con el refrendo a modo de herramienta de garantía del proceder del Monarca en aquellos ámbitos en los que aquel es preceptivo. Por último se concluye con una valoración de lo realizado y de lo pendiente pues es la vía de la transparencia la que parece más adecuada para enfrentar escenarios futuros de mejora.
Fecha de recepción: 10.06.2024Fecha de aprobación: 30.08.2024
La protección jurídica al funcionario informante en la Unión Europea: un análisis del Estatuto de los Funcionarios y el régimen interno de Frontex
Authors: Amo Sánchez Markel
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo analiza los mecanismos de protección jurídica para los funcionarios informantes dentro de las instituciones y agencias de la Unión Europea, con un enfoque especial en Frontex. Examina críticamente el Reglamento del Estatuto de los Funcionarios de la UE y sus disposiciones sobre protección a los informantes, contrastándolas con el marco de protección más amplio establecido por la Directiva 2019/1937. El análisis resalta la naturaleza fragmentada de las protecciones disponibles para los funcionarios de la UE en comparación con los marcos nacionales, subrayando sus lagunas legislativas y problemas de aplicación. Se presta especial atención a Frontex por su significativa relación con los derechos fundamentales y la transparencia, evaluando sus mecanismos internos y deficiencias sistémicas. Finalmente, este trabajo ofrece recomendaciones para armonizar estándares a nivel europeo, garantizando una protección eficaz, homogénea y equitativa para los funcionarios informantes.
Fecha de recepción: 30 de octubreFecha de aprobación: 29 de noviembre
Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yılmaz Fatma
Published: December 2024

In the artificial intelligence that will be used in the diagnosis of MDS, the accuracy rate will increase if the database includes all the factors that are effective in the diagnosis and risk classification as much as possible. Artificial intelligence applications that will be implemented using a database that includes as many factors as possible can guide the clinician in the diagnosis of MDS and even in individual treatment choices. Studies with as many patients as possible are needed on this subject.
Düzeltilmemiş Büyük Arter Transpozisyonu ve Pulmoner Hipertansiyonu olan Gebenin Sezaryenle Doğumunda Anestezi Yönetimi
Authors: Camgöz Eryılmaz Nuray , Karakaya Elif , Erel Selin , Günaydın Berrin
Published: December 2024

Düzeltilmemiş Büyük Arter Transpozisyonu ve Pulmoner Hipertansiyonu olan Gebenin Sezaryenle Doğumunda Anestezi Yönetimi
Bu olgu sunumunda konjenital büyük arter transpozisyonu ve pulmoner hipertansiyonu olan gebenin sezaryenle doğumunda perinatoloji, kardiyoloji ve anestezi ekibinin multidisipliner yönetimini sunmayı amaçladık. ASA IV 36 haftalık düzeltilmemiş büyük arter transpoziyonu ve PH tanısı olan gebenin sezaryenle doğumu için kombine spinal epidural blok tekniğini ve uterotonik olarak sentetik oksitosin analoğu karbetosini tercih ederek anne ve bebek için sorunsuz başarılı bir per- ve postoperatif yönetim gerçekleştirdik.
The inter-reader agreement in the interpretation of mammography images according to BI-RADS by Moscow radiologists
Authors: Azaryan Avet S. , Pestrenin Lev D. , Vasilev Yuriy A. , Akhmad Ekaterina S. , Arzamasov Kirill M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast malignancies take a leading position among incident cancers in women. Mammography has been recognized as the main method for early detection of breast cancer. However, mammogram assessments are based on a subjective opinion of the radiologist, which could lead to diagnostic disagreement. According to the literature, inter-radiologist agreement on mammograms varies from 0.450 to 0.888.
Aim: To assess the inter-reader agreement in mammogram interpretation with BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) by radiologists of the Moscow city (Russia).
Methods: The study included 741 mammography images done from January 15, 2020, to June 25, 2023. All mammograms were downloaded from the Unified Radiology Information Service of the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (EMIAS) of the Moscow city and included radiologist reports with a BI-RADS score (the initial assessment). Each mammogram was further analyzed by two radiologists (with their job experience from 2 to 5 years) (this was the first revision) and thereafter by two more radiologists (with their job experience above 5 years and scientific degree) as a part of the expert review. The inter-reader agreement was assessed using an intra-class correlation coefficient.
Results: The inter-reader agreement for the full BI-RADS score between radiologists who performed the initial assessment and those performing the first revision ranged from 0.836 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.801–0.865] to 0.875 [95% CI 0.848–0.897]. Similar agreement was observed between radiologists who performed the initial assessment and the experts: 0.838 [95% CI 0.804–0.866] to 0.879 [95% CI 0.854–0.901]. The agreement on the full BI-RADS scale between radiologists who performed the first revision and the experts was significantly higher (p 0.001) than with those performing the initial assessment and ranged from 0.890 [95% CI 0.866–0.910] to 0.963 [95% CI 0.954–0.970].
Conclusion: The inter-reader agreement between radiologists of the Moscow city in the assessment of mammography study results on the full BI-RADS scale is high. The agreement between the radiologists who performed the revision is higher than their agreement with the radiologists who performed the initial assessment, which may indicate better and more stable results obtained during the revision.
BERUGAK SEBAGAI ARUS KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMASI BAGI MASYARAKAT SASAK LOMBOK
Authors: Supriadi
Published: December 2024

The Sasak Tribe community on Lombok Island is part of a community that has high social relations, especially in terms of kinship and friendship that is always established in every level of society. One of the favorite zones of the Sasak people to strengthen social relations is to gather in one of the typical buildings that have a fairly high cultural architectural value, namely berugak, either berugak in the form of sekepat or sekenem. This gazebo-shaped building made of wood or bamboo for the Sasak community is not just a seat but a place for communication and information exchange between communities, both planned and unplanned. Departing from this community communication activity is what led the author to study in depth what the flow of communication and information that is built in the midst of a community that communicates through berugak.The method used by the author or researcher in studying berugak as a flow of communication and information for the Sasak community of Lombok is to use exploratory qualitative type research which researchers want to see formulation of communication and information flows used by the Sasak community because broadly speaking researchers do not have a clear picture of the situation and type of communication used by the Sasak Tribe community and what the flow of information circulation is like in the Sasak Tribe community, especially in the use of berugak as a medium for communication.Finally, after conducting an in-depth study of this study, researchers were able to find the results that berugak for the community has a multifunction between, as a family room, study room, discussion room and even a place to live. Then various communication models can be formed through berugak according to the interests and position of the location such as interpersonal communication, group communication, organizational communication, political communication and public communication. The type of information obtained by the Sasak community through berugak is pure information from problems that occur in the midst of the Sasak Tribe community and there is also information that is continued information from news originating from mass media, social media.
Calcifications in soft tissues of the head and neck region in a sample of Brazilian adults
Authors: Mota de Oliveira Kublitski Prescila , Cristina Hanke Agnes Pereira Lizandra , Martina Bordin Giuliana , Edwards Rezende. Carlos Eduardo , Sousa de Siqueira Adriane , Carneiro Leão Gabardo Marilisa
Published: December 2024

Objective: To identify calcifications in the soft tissues of the head and neck region in digital panoramic radiographs of Brazilian adults. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 384 examinations of individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 80 years, were analyzed for carotid artery calcifications, sialoliths, phleboliths, tonsilloliths, anthroliths, calcifications of the trityceous cartilage, calcifications of the styloid ligament and calcified lymph nodes. The association with sex and age was also studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS® version 23.0, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Calcifications were identified in 53 examinations (13.80%). Styloid ligament calcification was observed in 24 cases (6.20%), followed by anthroliths (2.40%). Sialoliths and tonsilloliths were present in 6 cases each (1.60%). No calcified lymph nodes or phleboliths were identified. Despite the lack of significant association with sex and age (p > 0.05), females, white individuals and those in the fourth decade of life were more frequently affected. Conclusions: The frequency of calcifications in this sample was high, particularly for stylohyoid ligament calcifications and anthroliths, although no associations with sex and age were found.
Réplica a la carta al editor «Impacto del estrés percibido en estudiantes de Odontología: un desafío universitario», de Huarcaya-Hurtado et al. (2023)
Authors: Guadarrama-Analco Jacqueline , Orozco-Valdés Luis Rafael , Juárez Medel Carlos Alberto , Alvarado-Castro Víctor Manuel , Martínez-Muñoz Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Authors’ reply to the letter to the editor “Impact of perceived stress in Odontology students: a university challenge”
Dimensiones dentales y clasificación molar de Angle en un grupo de afrodescendientes de un corregimiento de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Miguel Ángel Chaverra  , Ramírez Juan Alejandro , Oviedo Ángela Carolina , Zambrano Angie Melissa , Gutiérrez Bruno , Moreno Sandra , Moreno Freddy
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analizar los dientes permanentes a través de los diámetros dentales mesodistal y vestíbulo-palatino (vestíbulo-lingual) y la clasificación molar de Angle para determinar promedios, dimorfismo sexual, simetría bilateral y similitudes biológicas poblacionales de un grupo de afrodescendientes del corregimiento El Hormiguero, en Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo que analizó los diámetros mesodistal y vestíbulo-palatino (vestíbulo-lingual) de dientes permanentes de 36 modelos de yeso (21 mujeres y 15 hombres) de un grupo de afrodescendientes del corregimiento El Hormiguero, en Cali, Colombia. Se emplearon pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para estimar el dimorfismo sexual y la simetría bilateral, además de las correlaciones con la clase molar de Angle. Una p < 0,05 fue considerada significativa. Resultados: Se encontraron mínimas diferencias en los diámetros de los lados derecho e izquierdo. Algunos dientes del arco inferior presentaron dimorfismo sexual. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre la clase molar de Angle y el sexo, mientras que la simetría bilateral mostró una diferencia cercana a la significancia. La sumatoria total de los diámetros mesodistales no mostró relación con la clase molar de Angle. Conclusiones: Existe dimorfismo sexual en los diámetros en el arco inferior. No hubo relación entre los diámetros y la clase molar de Angle, de la misma forma que esta no presentó dimorfismo sexual.
Pengaruh Religiusitas, Islamic Branding dan Literasi Keuangan Syariah terhadap Keputusan Generasi Milenial Muslim dalam Memilih Jasa Bank Syariah di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Marhusin  , Raudah  , Mariyam
Published: December 2024

Abstract: CNBC data shows that the level of Islamic financial inclusion is still very low compared to conventional financial services. Users of these services are mostly Muslim millennials. Whereas the millennial generation who already know the Islamic Bank system still chooses Conventional Banks. By all means there are underlying factors. So this study aims to determine whether Religiosity, Islamic Branding and Islamic Financial Literacy influence the decisions of the Muslim millennial generation in choosing Islamic Bank services in Banjarmasin City. This research is a field research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the Muslim millennial generation in Banjarmasin City as many as 288,755. The sampling technique used Random Sampling with the Slovin formula which produced a sample of 100 people. Data collection is by distributing questionnaires made with a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression using the help of IBM SPSS 26 for windows. The results of the study based on the t-test and F-test prove that, Religiosity has a positive and significant partial effect on the decision of the Muslim millennial generation in choosing Islamic Banking services in Banjarmasin City. Islamic Branding has a positive and significant partial effect on the decision of the Muslim millennial generation in choosing Islamic Banking services in Banjarmasin City and Islamic Financial Literacy has a positive and significant partial effect on the decision of the Muslim millennial generation in choosing Islamic Banking services in Banjarmasin City. Simultaneously (together) Religiosity, Islamic Branding and Islamic Financial Literacy have a significant and positive effect on the decision of the Muslim millennial generation in choosing Islamic Banking services in Banjarmasin City
 
Keywords: Religiosity, Islamic Branding and Sharia Financial Literacy, Decisions
Infectious Diseases in the Caribbean and South America: Epidemiological Insights, Antibiotic Resistance, and Associated Infectious in Immunological Diseases
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Soodeen Sachin , Gopaul Darren , Arozarena-Fundora Rodolfo , Thompson Reinand , Unakal Chandrashekhar , Akpaka Patrick Eberechi
Published: December 2024

This paper explores various aspects of microbiology and immunology, focusing on the epidemiology and molecular characterisation of infectious diseases in the Caribbean and South America. Key areas of investigation include tuberculosis (TB), nosocomial infections, Salmonella infections, and bloodborne pathogens. A retrospective study in Jamaica underscores the high mortality rates in HIV-positive TB patients and the need for early HIV diagnosis and integrated care. Research in Trinidad and Tobago reveals the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, highlighting high HIV-TB co-infection rates. The paper also examines the challenges posed by nosocomial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and emphasises the importance of infection control. In addition, the study investigates Salmonella prevalence in poultry in Jamaica and the risks associated with foodborne infections. The paper further explores transfusion-transmitted infections and the development of IgM antibodies in egg whites for bacterial antigen detection. Lastly, it addresses immune responses in patients with immunodeficiency disorders, such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), highlighting their susceptibility to a wide range of infections.
ELQ-316 Enhances the Efficacy of Buparvaquone and Imidocarb in Controlling the In Vitro Growth of Babesia bigemina
Authors: Cardillo Natalia M. , Villarino Nicolas F. , Lacy Paul A. , Doggett Joseph S. , Riscoe Michael K. , Suarez Carlos E. , Ueti Massaro W. , Chung Chungwon J.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: B. bigemina is a highly pathogenic and widely distributed tick-borne disease parasite responsible for bovine babesiosis. The development of effective and safe therapies is urgently needed for global disease control. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of endochin-like quinolone (ELQ316), buparvaquone (BPQ), imidocarb (ID), and the combinations of ID + ELQ-316 and BPQ + ELQ-316, on in vitro survival of B. bigemina. Methods: Parasites at a starting parasitemia level of 2%, were incubated with each single drug and combination of drugs, ranging from 25 to 1200 nM of concentration over four consecutive days. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50%) and 99% (IC99%) were estimated. Parasitemia levels were evaluated daily using microscopic examination. Data were statistically compared using the non-parametrical KruskallWallis test. Results: All drugs tested significantly inhibited (p<0.05) the growth of B. bigemina at 2% parasitemia. The combination of ID + ELQ-316 exhibited lower mean IC50% (9.2); confidence interval 95% (8.7 – 9.9) than ID (IC50%: 61.5; confidence interval 95%: 59.54 - 63.46), ELQ-316 (IC50%: 48.10; confidence interval 95%: 42.76 – 58.83), BPQ (IC50%: 44.66; confidence interval 95%: 43.56 – 45.81), and BPQ + ELQ-316 (IC50%: 27.59; confidence interval: N/A). Parasites were no longer viable in cultures treated with the BPQ + ELQ-316 combination, as well as with BPQ alone at a concentration of 1200 nM, on days 2 and 3 of treatment, respectively.; Conclusions: BPQ and ID increase the babesiacidal effect of ELQ-316. The efficacy of these combinations deserves to be evaluated in vivo, which could lead to a promising and safer treatment option against B. bigemina.
Electric Vehicles in Last Mile Delivery: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Mogire Eric , Kilbourn Peter , Luke Rose
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth in e-commerce calls for research on the potential of electric vehicles in improving last mile delivery. Whereas existing studies have examined aspects of last mile delivery, such as challenges, acceptance/ benefits, and feasibility, the studies are fragmented, with conflicting findings and regional differences. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the studies to map out current research trends and propose future research agendas. To address this research gap, a bibliometric review was conducted on 375 publications from the Scopus database. Findings reveal that pioneering countries like the USA have researched integrating electric vehicles into last mile delivery systems, focusing on technological advancements such as battery technologies and smart grids. The sustainability theme is common in most studies, focusing on controlling carbon emissions and energy efficiency. The electric micro-mobility theme has grown in recent years, while emerging technologies remain underexplored, especially in developing economies. Future research should address the underexplored areas. These include charging infrastructure, electric micro-mobility innovations, alongside the social and ethical implications of integrating emerging technologies into electric vehicles for last mile delivery.
Inheritance of Drought Tolerance in a F3 Biparental Population of Pinto Saltillo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) × Tepary Cafe (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray)
Authors: Cília-García Marcela , Jiménez-Galindo José Cruz , Peña-Valdivia Cecilia Beatriz , Uscanga-Mortera Ebandro , García-Esteva Antonio , Padilla-Chacón Daniel
Published: December 2024

Drought is the most significant negative factor affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Scarce studies about genetic control of drought tolerance in beans impedes a more effective exploitation these traits in plant breeding. The Tepary bean (Phaseolus acitifolius A. Gray) is considered a valuable source of drought-resistant genes for improving commercial varieties that are susceptible to drought. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the germination and seedling growth components in response to drought stress simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). We developed a F3 biparental population from the cross between susceptible P-saltillo variety and drought tolerant T-cafe, which allowed the study of drought tolerance genetics in beans. The F3 biparental population showed wide variability for the traits studied. I.e. from 0.0 to 2.4 for hypocotyl length. From 0.3 to 3.9 and 7.5 to 97.5 for germinated seeds (n and % hypocotyls, respectively). From 0.3 to 3.9 and 7.5 to 97.5 for germinated seeds (n and % roots, respectively). From 0.3 to 4.5 for root length, and from 0.0 to 4.8 for total length. The heritabilities for hypocotyl length (cm), germinated seeds (n hypocotyl), germinated seeds (% hypocotyl), root length (cm), germinated seeds (n roots), and germinated seeds (% roots) were moderate from 0.32 to 0.47. The heritability for root length was low with a value of 0.20. The most important positive and significant genetic correlations (0.80) were found between hypocotyls length (cm) and root length, which means that the longer the hypocotyls, the longer the root. All variables studied have normal distribution, which is why they are considered quantitative inheritance. The results highlight lines that can be candidates for registration of new drought tolerant varieties or used as sources of drought tolerance in future common bean improvement programs. Our results indicate that multiple genetic factors are involved in the drought tolerance response of the F3.
Galectins and Liver Diseases
Authors: Mimura Shima , Morishita Asahiro , Oura Kyoko , Takuma Kei , Nakahara Mai , Tadokoro Tomoko , Fujita Koji , Tani Joji , Kobara Hideki
Published: December 2024

Galectins are widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, from marine sponges to mammals. Galectins are a family of soluble lectins that specifically recognize β-galactoside-containing glycans and are categorized into three subgroups based on the number and function of their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). The interaction of galectins with specific ligands mediates a wide range of biological activities, depending on the cell type, tissue context, expression levels of individual galectin, and receptor involvement. Galectins affect various immune cell processes through both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms and play roles in processes, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Their importance has increased in recent years because they are recognized as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and drug targets, with many other applications in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, little is known about the involvement of galectins in liver disease. Here, we review the functions of various galectins and evaluate their roles in liver diseases.
Identification of Power Lines with Currents Varying Strongly with Changes in Nodal Powers in a Power System
Authors: Kosmala Neto Miguel , Okoń Tomasz , Wilkosz Kazimierz
Published: December 2024

Excessive power (current) flows on the branches (power lines and transformers) of the Power System (PS) may entail serious consequences. Therefore, the possibility of finding the branches of PS where such flows may occur is very desirable for: (i) expansion planning (modernization) of PS, (ii) operational activities of the dispatcher. The paper presents an original method that provides the indicated possibility. The method uses the information contained in the measurement data of nodal powers, branch active and reactive power, or branch currents if PMU devices are in PS. The method was developed using the data mining approach. Knowledge of the strength of correlational relationships between magnitudes and arguments of nodal powers in PS and branch-current magnitudes is used to find the branches on which changes in current magnitudes are strongly related to changes in nodal powers. The considerations show that the considered relationships are not linear. Therefore, the method uses the Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient in the intended investigation. The results of applying the method allow determining soft clusters in PS, which is its additional advantage. The case study shows the use and properties of the proposed method, which are discussed further. The paper ends with conclusions.
The Current State of Virtual Reality in the Management of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Chronic Pain: Terminology, Technology, and Associations
Authors: Opara Zupančič Manca , Šarabon Nejc
Published: December 2024

Virtual reality (VR) demonstrates significant potential to improve rehabilitation outcomes for musculoskeletal conditions and chronic pain. However, the field faces notable challenges, including inconsistent terminology, a lack of specialized/comprehensive software solutions, and an overwhelming variety of hardware options, which can make it difficult for healthcare professionals without technical expertise to identify the most suitable tools for clinical use. This article explores the current state of VR in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal conditions and chronic pain, focusing on terminology discrepancies, available hardware and software solutions, and key professional associations shaping the field. A review of the current state of terminology is essential to address inconsistencies that risk perpetuating misuse and limiting the applicability of research findings. Building on this review, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding VR that aligns more closely with the capabilities of current VR technology. A comprehensive overview of VR hardware and software can assist healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate technologies for clinical practice, guide researchers in designing interventions, and inform developers on unmet needs in the field. Furthermore, understanding key professional associations provides valuable direction for those engaged in virtual rehabilitation, enabling them to access resources, foster collaboration, and stay informed about the latest advancements in the domain.
Assessment of Analytical Methods for Estimating Settlements Induced by Side-by-Side Twin Tunnels
Authors: Pedro António M. G. , Grazina José C. D. , Almeida e Sousa Jorge
Published: December 2024

The development of urban areas has led to an increase use of subsoil for installing transportation networks. These systems usually comprise the construction of side-by-side twin running tunnels built sequentially and in close proximity. Different studies have demonstrated that under such conditions there is an interaction between tunnels, leading to greater settlements compared with those obtained if the tunnels were excavated separately. Supported by those findings, several analytical methods have been proposed to predict the settlements induced by the excavation of the second tunnel. This paper examines the applicability of these proposals across multiple case studies published in the literature by comparing the analytical predictions with the reported monitoring data of 57 sections. The results indicate that, regardless of the different soil conditions and geometrical characteristics of the tunnels, a Gaussian curve accurately describes the settlements in greenfield conditions and those induced by the second tunnel excavation, although with the curve becoming eccentric in this case. Despite some significant scatter observed, most methods predict the settlements induced by the second tunnel with reasonable accuracy, with Hunt’s method presenting the best fit metrics. The obtained findings confirm that existent methods can be a valid tool to predict at early stages of design the settlements induced by twin tunnelling, although contain limitations and pitfalls that are identified and discussed throughout the paper.
Bayesian Modeling of the Impact of HBOT on the Reduction of Cytokine Storm
Authors: Jermakow Natalia , Brodaczewska Klaudia , Kot Jacek , Lubas Arkadiusz , Kłos Krzysztof , Siewiera Jacek
Published: December 2024

Since the initial identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections, numerous clinical challenges have arisen, revealing both acute and long-term effects associated with COVID-19. These effects impact various systems within the body, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the immunological and inflammatory parameters in patients with severe COVID-19 and evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on these parameters. Methods: This study enrolled thirty patients from the Military Medical Institute - National Research Institute in Warsaw, who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection . Patients were screened for eligibility based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups: hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and a control group. Immune profiling was performed, measuring cytokine concentrations and leukocyte subpopulations in serum samples. Outcomes were assessed using Bayesian modeling. Results: Bayesian regression analysis confirmed previous findings, indicating that HBOT may reduce inflammatory cytokine levels while improving oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Moreover, the analysis suggested a higher probability of HBOT success in modulating the immune response and reducing inflammatory parameters, particularly in T lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may serve as an effective adjunctive treatment for patients with COVID-19 by enhancing oxygen saturation and modulating the immune response. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of HBOT on inflammatory and immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients.
Single Cell Analysis Dissects the Effects of Vitamin D on Genetic Senescent Signatures Across Murine Tissues
Authors: Sosa-Díaz Emilio , Reyes-Gopar Helena , Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo de , Hernandez-Lemus Enrique
Published: December 2024

Vitamin D (VD) plays a crucial role in age-related diseases, and its influence on cellular senescence (CS) could help clarify its function in aging. Considering VD’s pleiotropic effects and the heterogeneity of CS, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore these dynamics across multiple tissues. We analyzed three murine tissue datasets (bone, prostate, and skin) obtained from public repositories, enriching for senescent gene signatures. We then inferred gene regulatory networks (GRNs) at the tissue and cell-type levels and performed two cell communication analyses: one for senescent cells and another for interactions between senescent and non-senescent cells. VD supplementation significantly decreased senescence scores in the skin (p = 3.96e-134) and prostate (p = 1.56e-34). GRN analysis in the prostate revealed an altered macrophage-fibroblast regulatory relationship. In bone, distinct aging-related modules emerged for different bone lineages. In skin, contrary differentiation patterns between suprabasal and basal cells were observed. The main VD-modulated pathways were involved in inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, protein metabolism, and translation. VD reduced fibroblast-macrophage interactions in the prostate and skin but increased overall cellular crosstalk in bone. Our findings demonstrate that VD alleviates CS burden across tissues by modulating inflammation and metabolic processes and promoting differentiation. Key aging-related genes modulated by VD were linked to anabolism and cellular differentiation, suggesting VD’s potential for therapeutic interventions targeting age-related diseases.
Novel Deep Learning Method in Hip Osteoarthritis Investigation Before and After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Pantonial Roel , Simic Milan
Published: December 2024

Application of gait analysis on patients with Hip Osteoarthritis (HOA), before and after Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) surgery can provide accurate diagnostics, reliable treatment decision-making, and proper rehabilitation efforts. Acquired kinematic trajectories provide discriminating features that can be used to determine gait patterns of healthy subjects, and the effects of surgical operation. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the best discriminating kinematics to achieve that. Our investigation aims to utilize Deep Learning (DL) methodologies and improve classification results for the kinematic parameters of healthy, HOA, and 6-months after THA gait cycles. Kinematic angles from the lower limb are used directly as 1-dimensional inputs to DL model. Based on the human gait cycle’s features, a hybrid Long Short-Term Memory – Convolutional Neural Network (HLSTM-CNN) is designed for the classification of healthy/HOA/THA gaits. It was found, from the results, that the sagittal angles of hip and knee, and front angles of FPA and knee, provide the most discriminating results with accuracy above 94% between healthy and HOA gaits. Interestingly, when using the sagittal angles of hip and knee to analyze the THA gaits, common subjects have the same results on the misclassifications. This crucial information provides a glimpse in the determination for success or failure of THA.
Inequalities in the Distribution of the Nursing Workforce in Albania: A Regional Analysis Using the Gini Coefficient
Authors: Duka Blerina , Dervishi Alketa , Grosha Eriola , Ivziku Dhurata , Rocco Gennaro , Stievano Alessandro , Notarnicola Ippolito
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The uneven distribution of nurses in Albania is a major problem that compromises equitable access to health services. Rural and less developed regions suffer from a chronic shortage of nursing staff, while urban areas attract the health professionals. This study aims to quantify the inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania, analyzing the nurse-to-population ratio and its impact on the quality of health care. The main objective of this study is to examine the distribution of the nursing workforce in Albania and assess regional disparities, using the Gini coefficient and the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure and compare inequalities between regions. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2024. The data was collected from official sources, including the Albanian Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used to analyze the distribution of nurses in relation to the population and HDI of the different regions. The analysis included data on the number of nurses, population and regional socioeconomic conditions. Results: The average nurse-to-population ratio in Albania is 28 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants, with significant variations between regions. Tirana has the highest ratio (60 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants), while Kukës and Dibër have the lowest values (10 per 10,000 inhabitants). The calculated Gini coefficient is 0.0228, indicating a very low level of inequality in the distribution of the nursing workforce. Conclusions: Inequalities in the distribution of nurses in Albania require targeted policy interventions. Policies are needed that incentivize health workers to work in less developed regions, through economic incentives, infrastructure improvements and lifelong learning programs. These interventions are essential to reduce disparities and ensure equitable access to health services across the country.
Establishment of a Panel of Human Cell Lines to Identify Cellular Receptors Used by Enteroviruses to Infect Cells
Authors: Sosnovtseva Anastasiia O. , Hoa Le T. , Karpov Dmitry S. , Vorobyev Pavel O. , Gumennaya Yana D. , Alekseeva Olga N. , Chumakov Peter M. , Lipatova Anastasia V.
Published: December 2024

Non-pathogenic natural and recombinant strains of human Enteroviruses are the subject of ongoing study, with some strains having been approved for use as anticancer agents. The efficacy of on-colytic virotherapy is dependent upon the identification of the receptor utilized by a specific strain for cell entry and the presence of this receptor on the surface of cancer cells. Accordingly, a rapid and straightforward approach for determining the enteroviral receptors is necessary for the de-velopment of effective patient-specific virus-based cancer therapy. To this end, we created a panel of seven lines with double knockouts on the background of the HEK293T cell line, which lacks the IFNAR1 gene. In these lines, the main viral receptor genes, including PVR, CXADR, CD55, ITGA2, SCARB2, ICAM1, and FCGRT, were knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A panel of lines was validated on a set of 12 Enteroviruses, providing a basis for studying the molecular mechanisms of enterovirus entry into cells and developing new therapeutic strains.
Machine Learning-Based Activity Tracking for Individual Pig Monitoring in Experimental Facilities for Improved Animal Welfare in Research
Authors: Deutch Frederik , Weiss Marc Gjern , Wagner Stefan Rahr , Hansen Lars Schmidt , Larsen Frederik , Figueiredo Constanca , Moers Cyril , Keller Anna Krarup
Published: December 2024

In experimental research, animal welfare should always be of the highest priority. Currently, physical in-person observations are the standard. This is time consuming, and results are subjective. Video-based machine learning models to monitor experimental pigs provides a continuous and objective observation method for animal misthrive detection. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pig tracking technology, using video-based data in a machine learning model to analyze posture and activity level of experimental pigs living in single-pig pens. A research prototype was created using a microcomputer and a ceiling mounted camera for live recording based on the obtained images from the experimental facility and a combined model was created based on the Ultralytics YOLOv8n for object detection trained on the obtained images. As a second step, the Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow technique for movement detection was applied. The resulting model successfully classified whether individual pigs were laying, standing, or walking. The validation test showed an accuracy of 90.66%, precision of 90.91%, recall of 90.66%, and a correlation coefficient of 84.53% compared with observed ground truth. In conclusion, the model demonstrates how machine learning can be used to monitor experimental animals potentially to improve animal welfare.
The Long-Term Effects of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Experienced During Adolescence Could Vary Depending on Biological Sex
Authors: Shirokova Olesya M. , Kuzmina Daria M. , Zaborskaya Olga G. , Shchelchkova Natalia A. , Kozliaeva Elizaveta V. , Korotchenko Svetlana A. , Pershin Vladimir I. , Vasilchikov Petr I. , Mukhina Irina V.
Published: December 2024

The neurobiology of sex differences in response to chronic stress is a topic that has been extensively discussed in the scientific literature, but remains poorly understood. In our research, we found that chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) experienced during adolescence induces different behavioural patterns in adult males и females. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis of the CA1 field of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus revealed no changes in quantitative and morphological changes in astrocytes at long-term period after CUMS. Real-time PCR analysis showed no increase in SIGMAR1 expression level relative to individual housekeeping genes after CUMS.  Analysis of mouse cerebral cortex homogenates showed that IL-1β levels decreased after stress modelling only in males. However, Sigma R1 levels were significantly higher in the CUMS group than in the controls in both sexes. It can be concluded that biological sex and age do indeed influence the response to CUMS, although not in all cases. There is a need for further research in order to understand the effects of chronic stress on males and females. This is of crucial importance because men and women are exposed to different risks in relation to stress and mental health.
Understanding the Hartman-Grobman Theorem: A Gateway to Predicting Dynamical System Behavior Near Hyperbolic Equilibria
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: December 2024

The Hartman-Grobman Theorem plays a pivotal role in the qualitative analysis of dynamical systems, providing insights into the behavior of systems near hyperbolic equilibrium points through linear approximations. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the theorem, clarifying its technical stipulations and demonstrating its application with practical examples. We begin by defining key concepts integral to dynamical systems such as equilibrium points, linearization, and the Jacobian matrix. Subsequent sections discuss the conditions under which the theorem applies, particularly focusing on hyperbolicity and the importance of eigenvalues in determining system stability. Additionally, the notion of topological conjugacy is examined to illustrate how nonlinear and linear system trajectories correlate qualitatively. We further investigate the concept of Lipschitz continuity and its relevance to the theorem's applicability. Through illustrative examples, including simple linear systems and more complex saddle points, we underscore the theorem's utility in simplifying the understanding of nonlinear dynamics. This comprehensive coverage of the theme not only elucidates the fundamental aspects of the Hartman-Grobman Theorem but also highlights its significant implications for predicting and analyzing system behavior in various scientific and engineering applications.
Machine‐Learning Forensics: Incorporating Machine‐Learning (ML) Techniques for Implementing Digital Forensic Readiness Model
Authors: Tajeldin Laila , Venter Hein
Published: December 2024

This study implements the proposed integration of machine learning (ML) techniques into the ISO/IEC 27043:2015 international standard processes using a hypothetical case scenario for a smart building. ISO/IEC 27043:2015 does not currently incorporate ML techniques. Incorporating these techniques into ISO/IEC 27043:2015 can improve the efficiency of the processes and reduce time and human effort by automating some manual tasks of the readiness processes. This research presents a case study for the smart building dataset, applying ML techniques to implement the ML readiness model in the ISO/IEC 27043:2015 standard. It compares the results of implementing ML techniques. These results indicate how the smart environment data can be proactively analysed and classified. These techniques will enable investigators to access the information to investigate such environments.