bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activin B-activated Cdc42 signaling plays a key role in regulating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-mediated skin wound healing
Authors: Huang Simin , Wang Xueer , Zhang Min , Huang Mianbo , Yan Yuan , Chen Yinghua , Zhang Yijia , Xu Jinfu , Bu Lingwei , Fan Ruyi , Tang Huiyi , Zeng Canjun , Zhang Lu , Zhang Lin
Published: June 2022

Background

In our previous study, activin B in combination with ADSCs enhances skin wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well studied. Cdc42 is recognized to play a critical role in the regulation of stem cells.

Methods

Pull-down assay was performed to investigate the activity of Cdc42. The dominant-negative mutant of Cdc42 (Cdc42N17) was used to explore the role of Cdc42 in activin B-induced ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion in vitro. Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs were injected into a full-thickness excisional wound model to explore their efficiency in wound healing in vivo. The wound healing efficacy was evaluated by the wound closure rates and histological examination. The neovascularization and wound contraction were detected by immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 and α-SMA. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were explored by RNA sequencing.

Results

Cdc42N17 inhibited ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion induced by activin B. Furthermore, Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs inhibited the wound closure rate and suppressed the expression of CD31 and α-SMA induced by activin B in vivo. The RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs versus ADSCs were associated with cell migration, proliferation, and adhesion. Further study revealed that the Cdc42-Erk-Srf pathway was required for activin B-induced proliferation in ADSCs.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that Cdc42 plays a crucial role in ADSCs-mediated skin wound healing induced by activin B.

Graphical Abstract
Preclinical study of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell sheets for the recovery of ischemic heart tissue
Authors: Gao Shuang , Jin Yongqiang , Ma Jianlin , Wang Juan , Wang Jing , Shao Zehua , Fan Taibing , Zhang Mingkui , Chang Dehua
Published: June 2022

Background

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been widely used due to their multipotency, a broad range of sources, painless collection, and compliance with standard amplification. Cell sheet technology is a tissue engineering methodology requiring scaffolds free, and it provides an effective method for cell transplantation. To improve the therapeutic efficacy, we combined hUC-MSCs with cell sheet technology to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSC sheets in preclinical studies using appropriate animal models.

Methods

hUC-MSC sheets were fabricated by hUC-MSCs from a cell bank established by a standard operation process and quality control. Cytokine secretion, immunoregulation, and angiopoiesis were evaluated in vitro. Oncogenicity and cell diffusion assays of hUC-MSC sheets were conducted to verify the safety of hUC-MSCs sheet transplantation in mice. To provide more meaningful animal experimental data for clinical trials, porcine myocardial infarction (MI) models were established by constriction of the left circumflex, and hUC-MSC sheets were transplanted onto the ischemic area of the heart tissue. Cardiac function was evaluated and compared between the experimental and MI groups.

Results

The in vitro results showed that hUC-MSC sheets could secrete multiple cellular factors, including VEGF, HGF, IL-6, and IL-8. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells had a lower proliferation rate and lower TNF-α secretion when co-cultured with hUC-MSC sheets. TH1 cells had a smaller proportion after activation. In vivo safety results showed that the hUC-MSCs sheet had no oncogenicity and was mainly distributed on the surface of the ischemic myocardial tissue. Echocardiography showed that hUC-MSC sheets effectively improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and the LVEF significantly changed (42.25 ± 1.23% vs. 66.9 ± 1.10%) in the hUC-MSC transplantation group compared with the MI group (42.52 ± 0.65% vs. 39.55 ± 1.97%) at 9 weeks. The infarct ratio of the hUC-MSCs sheet transplantation groups was also significantly reduced (14.2 ± 4.53% vs. 4.00 ± 2.00%) compared with that of the MI group.

Conclusion

Allogeneic source and cell bank established by the standard operation process and quality control make hUC-MSCs sheet possible to treat MI by off-the-shelf drug with universal quality instead of individualized medical technology.
High-efficient serum-free differentiation of endothelial cells from human iPS cells
Authors: Hamad Sarkawt , Derichsweiler Daniel , Gaspar John Antonydas , Brockmeier Konrad , Hescheler Jürgen , Sachinidis Agapios , Pfannkuche Kurt Paul
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of all blood vessels of the body play important roles in vascular tone regulation, hormone secretion, anticoagulation, regulation of blood cell adhesion and immune cell extravasation. Limitless ECs sources are required to further in vitro investigations of ECs’ physiology and pathophysiology as well as for tissue engineering approaches. Ideally, the differentiation protocol avoids animal-derived components such as fetal serum and yields ECs at efficiencies that make further sorting obsolete for most applications.

Method

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are cultured under serum-free conditions and induced into mesodermal progenitor cells via stimulation of Wnt signaling for 24 h. Mesodermal progenitor cells are further differentiated into ECs by utilizing a combination of human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt monohydrate (8Bro) and melatonin (Mel) for 48 h.

Result

This combination generates hiPSC derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) at a fraction of 90.9 ± 1.5% and is easily transferable from the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer into three-dimensional (3D) scalable bioreactor suspension cultures. hiPSC-ECs are positive for CD31, VE-Cadherin, von Willebrand factor and CD34. Furthermore, the majority of hiPSC-ECs express the vascular endothelial marker CD184 (CXCR4).

Conclusion

The differentiation method presented here generates hiPSC-ECs in only 6 days, without addition of animal sera and at high efficiency, hence providing a scalable source of hiPSC-ECs.
The influence of age, sex, and exercise on autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle
Authors: Triolo Matthew , Oliveira Ashley N. , Kumari Rita , Hood David A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Aging decreases skeletal muscle mass and quality. Maintenance of healthy muscle is regulated by a balance between protein and organellar synthesis and their degradation. The autophagy-lysosome system is responsible for the selective degradation of protein aggregates and organelles, such as mitochondria (i.e., mitophagy). Little data exist on the independent and combined influence of age, biological sex, and exercise on the autophagy system and lysosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize sex differences in autophagy and lysosome biogenesis in young and aged muscle and to determine if acute exercise influences these processes.

Methods

Young (4–6 months) and aged (22–24 months) male and female mice were assigned to a sedentary or an acute exercise group. Mitochondrial content, the autophagy-lysosome system, and mitophagy were measured via protein analysis. A TFEB-promoter-construct was utilized to examine Tfeb transcription, and nuclear-cytosolic fractions allowed us to examine TFEB localization in sedentary and exercised muscle with age and sex.

Results

Our results indicate that female mice, both young and old, had more mitochondrial protein than age-matched males. However, mitochondria in the muscle of females had a reduced respiratory capacity. Mitochondrial content was only reduced with age in the male cohort. Young female mice had a greater abundance of autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosome proteins than young males; however, increases were evident with age irrespective of sex. Young sedentary female mice had indices of greater autophagosomal turnover than male counterparts. Exhaustive exercise was able to stimulate autophagic clearance solely in young male mice. Similarly, nuclear TFEB protein was enhanced to a greater extent in young male, compared to young female mice following exercise, but no changes were observed in aged mice. Finally, TFEB-promoter activity was upregulated following exercise in both young and aged muscle.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that biological sex influences mitochondrial homeostasis, the autophagy-lysosome system, and mitophagy in skeletal muscle with age. Furthermore, our data suggest that young male mice have a more profound ability to activate these processes with exercise than in the other groups. Ultimately, this may contribute to a greater remodeling of muscle in response to exercise training in males.
Development of a novel human CD147 knock-in NSG mouse model to test SARS-CoV-2 viral infection
Authors: Badeti Saiaditya , Jiang Qingkui , Naghizadeh Alireza , Tseng Hsiang-chi , Bushkin Yuri , Marras Salvatore A. E. , Nisa Annuurun , Tyagi Sanjay , Chen Fei , Romanienko Peter , Yehia Ghassan , Evans Deborah , Lopez-Gonzalez Moises , Alland David , Russo Riccardo , Gause William , Shi Lanbo , Liu Dongfang
Published: June 2022

Background

An animal model that can mimic the SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is critical to understanding the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus and for development of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat emerging mutants. Studies show that the spike proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 bind to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2, a well-recognized, functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) to mediate viral entry. Several hACE2 transgenic (hACE2Tg) mouse models are being widely used, which are clearly invaluable. However, the hACE2Tg mouse model cannot fully explain: (1) low expression of ACE2 observed in human lung and heart, but lung or heart failure occurs frequently in severe COVID-19 patients; (2) low expression of ACE2 on immune cells, but lymphocytopenia occurs frequently in COVID-19 patients; and (3) hACE2Tg mice do not mimic the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Moreover, one of most outstanding features of coronavirus infection is the diversity of receptor usage, which includes the newly proposed human CD147 (hCD147) as a possible co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry. It is still debatable whether CD147 can serve as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection or entry.

Results

Here we successfully generated a hCD147 knock-in mouse model (hCD147KI) in the NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) background. In this hCD147KI-NSG mouse model, the hCD147 genetic sequence was placed downstream of the endogenous mouse promoter for mouse CD147 (mCD147), which creates an in vivo model that may better recapitulate physiological expression of hCD147 proteins at the molecular level compared to the existing and well-studied K18-hACE2-B6 (JAX) model. In addition, the hCD147KI-NSG mouse model allows further study of SARS-CoV-2 in the immunodeficiency condition which may assist our understanding of this virus in the context of high-risk populations in immunosuppressed states. Our data show (1) the human CD147 protein is expressed in various organs (including bronchiolar epithelial cells) in hCD147KI-NSG mice by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry; (2) hCD147KI-NSG mice are marginally sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to WT-NSG littermates characterized by increased viral copies by qRT-PCR and moderate body weight decline compared to baseline; (3) a significant increase in leukocytes in the lungs of hCD147KI-NSG mice, compared to infected WT-NSG mice.

Conclusions

hCD147KI-NSG mice are more sensitive to COVID-19 infection compared to WT-NSG mice. The hCD147KI-NSG mouse model can serve as an additional animal model for further interrogation whether CD147 serve as an independent functional receptor or accessory receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses.
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce an immune response against plasmids with 5ʹ-GTTTGTT-3ʹ
Authors: Li Nan , Jiang Dongya , He Luqingqing , Yue Yunyun , Zhang Qinxin , Wang Shuang , Zhang Yunfeng , Wei Yuxuan , Zhao Qingshun
Published: June 2022

In the evolutionary “arms race” from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, some memories of foreign DNA have been conserved for defensive purposes. Shortly after invasion by the plasmid, pEGFP-N1, the conserved the defense gene, isg15, was activated in the zebrafish zygote and in mammalian cells. Based on the sequence similarity, we found three virus-derived sequences in pEGFP-N1 which share the 5ʹ-GTTTGTT-3ʹ core sequence, an epigenetic factor leading to increased expression of isg15. Mutation of the core sequence greatly reduces the degradation rate of the plasmid in E. coli cells or zebrafish embryos. We conclude that a conserved defense response, common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, allows identification and degradation of plasmids containing 5ʹ-GTTTGTT-3ʹ.
Necessary and sufficient conditions on the existence of solutions for the exterior Dirichlet problem of Hessian equations
Authors: Dai Limei , Li Hongfei
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider the exterior Dirichlet problem of Hessian equations $\sigma _{k}(\lambda (D^{2}u))=g(x)$

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Small-convection limit for two-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with logarithmic sensitivity and logistic-type source
Authors: Wu Jie
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we consider the small-convection limit of chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with logarithmic sensitivity and logistic-type source $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} n^{\kappa}_{t}+\boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}\cdot \nabla{n}^{\kappa}= \Delta{n}^{\kappa}-\chi \nabla \cdot ({n^{\kappa}}\nabla \log{c^{\kappa}})+f(n^{\kappa}), &x\in \Omega , t>0, \\ c^{\kappa}_{t}+\boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}\cdot \nabla{c}^{\kappa}=\Delta{c}^{\kappa}-c^{\kappa}+n^{\kappa}, &x\in \Omega , t>0, \\ \boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}_{t}+\kappa (\boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}\cdot \nabla )\boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}=\Delta \boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}+\nabla{P}^{\kappa}+n^{\kappa}\nabla \phi , &x\in \Omega , t>0, \\ \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{u}^{\kappa}=0, & x\in \Omega , t>0, \end{cases} $$

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Influencing factors of obesity in community patients with deficit schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yong Na , Pan Jiyang , Li Xuehua , Yu Ling , Hou Xin
Published: June 2022

Background

Obesity is very common in patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to evaluate the influencing factors of obesity in community patients with deficit schizophrenia, to provide implication for schizophrenia management in community.

Methods

We selected patients with deficit schizophrenia who lived in 10 communities in our city from March 1 to June 30, 2021. The characteristics of included schizophrenia patients were evaluated and analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the obesity and related characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of obesity in patients with schizophrenia.

Results

A total of 284 patients with schizophrenia were included, the incidence of obesity in patients with schizophrenia was 56.70%. gender (r = 0.619), waist circumference (r = 0.644), BMI (r = 0.891), diabetes (r = 0.698), FG (r = 0.582), triglyceride (r = 0.618), HDL-C (r = −0.644), LDL-C (r = 0.583), apolipoprotein B (r = 0.595), and PANSS score (r = 0.813) were all correlated with the obesity in patients with schizophrenia (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female (OR 2.129, 95% CI 1.615–3.022), waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (OR 3.814, 95% CI 2.778 ~ 4.312), diabetes (OR 2.856, 95% CI 1.905 ~ 3.448), FG ≥ 88 mg/dL (OR 1.551, 95% CI 1.284 ~ 2.183), triglyceride ≥ 160 mg/dL (OR 1.804, 95% CI 1.236–2.845), HDL-C ≤ 0.8 mmol/L (OR 2.032, 95% CI 1.614–3.079), LDL-C ≥ 2.0 mmol/L (OR 1.926, 95% CI 1.442–2.041) and apolipoprotein B ≥ 0.70 g/L (OR 2.119, 95% CI 1.658–2.873) were the risk factors of obesity in patients with schizophrenia (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The obesity rate of patients with deficit schizophrenia in the community is high, and there are many associated risk factors. Early intervention targeted on those risk factors are warranted to reduce the obesity in schizophrenia patients.
An immersive micro-manipulation system using real-time 3D imaging microscope and 3D operation interface for high-speed and accurate micro-manipulation
Authors: Yokoe Kenta , Aoyama Tadayoshi , Fujishiro Toshiki , Takeuchi Masaru , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: June 2022

The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an assisted reproductive technique (ART), is increasing widely. ICSI is currently performed by specially skilled embryologists. However, with the increasing demand for ART, the shortage of skilled embryologists has become a problem. Therefore, we propose an immersive micromanipulation system that requires no special skills for efficient and accurate micromanipulation. Our proposed system is composed of a real-time three-dimensional (3D) imaging microscope and 3D operation interfaces. The 3D operation interfaces are stationary pen-type or wearable glove-type interfaces. In this system, an operator wearing a head-mounted display (HMD) and using 3D operation interfaces is immersed in a virtual micromanipulation space. The operator can move the pipettes by 3D operation interface and freely change the viewpoint. We verified that the proposed system improves the speed and accuracy of operating a pipette through two types of experiments with subjects.
In-depth characterization of denitrifier communities across different soil ecosystems in the tundra
Authors: Pessi Igor S. , Viitamäki Sirja , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Eronen-Rasimus Eeva , Delmont Tom O. , Marushchak Maija E. , Luoto Miska , Hultman Jenni
Published: June 2022

Background

In contrast to earlier assumptions, there is now mounting evidence for the role of tundra soils as important sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the microorganisms involved in the cycling of N2O in this system remain largely uncharacterized. Since tundra soils are variable sources and sinks of N2O, we aimed at investigating differences in community structure across different soil ecosystems in the tundra.

Results

We analysed 1.4 Tb of metagenomic data from soils in northern Finland covering a range of ecosystems from dry upland soils to water-logged fens and obtained 796 manually binned and curated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We then searched for MAGs harbouring genes involved in denitrification, an important process driving N2O emissions. Communities of potential denitrifiers were dominated by microorganisms with truncated denitrification pathways (i.e., lacking one or more denitrification genes) and differed across soil ecosystems. Upland soils showed a strong N2O sink potential and were dominated by members of the Alphaproteobacteria such as Bradyrhizobium and Reyranella. Fens, which had in general net-zero N2O fluxes, had a high abundance of poorly characterized taxa affiliated with the Chloroflexota lineage Ellin6529 and the Acidobacteriota subdivision Gp23.

Conclusions

By coupling an in-depth characterization of microbial communities with in situ measurements of N2O fluxes, our results suggest that the observed spatial patterns of N2O fluxes in the tundra are related to differences in the composition of denitrifier communities.
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of PATH FOR timely transfer of geriatric HIP fracture patients from hospital to rehabilitation to home (PATH4HIP): a protocol for a mixed method study
Authors: Backman Chantal , Harley Anne , Papp Steve , Webber Colleen , Poitras Stéphane , Berdusco Randa , Beaulé Paul E. , French-Merkley Veronique
Published: June 2022

Background

Hip fractures in older adults are significant contributors to severe functional decline and disability as well as hospitalization and increased health care costs. Research shows that timely referral to geriatric rehabilitation leads to better patient outcomes. Currently, a wide variability in the timing, the frequency, and the choice of appropriate setting for rehabilitation of hip fracture patients exists.

Aim

Evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of PATH4HIP, a pathway intervention for timely transfer of post-operative geriatric hip fracture patients from hospital to rehabilitation to home.

Methods

This is a single-arm, pragmatic feasibility study to measure reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of PATH4HIP, a pathway for post-operative hip fracture patients from a large academic health science center to a geriatric rehabilitation service in Ottawa, Canada. During a 6-month period, all hip fracture patients, 65 years of age or older who have undergone surgery and have met the eligibility criteria (n = 96), will be transferred to the geriatric rehabilitation service no later than post-operative day 6. Patients (n = 10–12) and clinicians who are working on the orthopedic team (n = 10–12) and on the geriatric rehabilitation service (n = 10–12) will be invited to participate in an interview to share their feedback on the intervention’s feasibility and acceptability and to provide suggestions to improve PATH4HIP. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize results of the quantitative data and content analysis will be used to analyze the qualitative data. The study will be open for recruitment from January to July 2022.

Discussion

If feasible, PATH4HIP will result in the reduction of the post-operative acute care length of stay to less than or equal to 6 days, while having no detrimental effect on rehabilitation outcomes such as functional gains, or discharge destination.
The mediating effect of knowledge sharing in the relationship between factors affecting knowledge sharing and reflective thinking: the case of English literature students during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Farahian Majid , Parhamnia Farshad , Maleki Nasser
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious implications on educational systems worldwide and, hence, online courses have been organized. It is expected that the use of online learning in higher education promote knowledge sharing among students and the sharing of knowledge result in the improvement of reflective thinking among them. As such, we examined the knowledge sharing behavior among the undergraduate students in online learning English literature courses, the student’ perceptions towards reflective thinking, the relationship between the students’ knowledge sharing and reflective thinking, and finally, we tested a structural model of factors affecting knowledge sharing components, knowledge sharing, and reflective thinking. The data were collected through two surveys of 104 Iranian English literature students. A Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data and to generate a model. The results showed that the students’ online knowledge sharing behavior and their perceptions towards reflective thinking are at unacceptable levels. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between factors affecting knowledge sharing with the students’ knowledge sharing behavior, and between knowledge sharing and reflective thinking. The results also confirmed the mediator role of knowledge sharing and supported the hypothesized model of the relationships among the variables. Pedagogical implications of the study are finally discussed.
Assessing facilitating conditions and barriers for innovation implementation in Canadian long-term care homes: a research protocol
Authors: Hardy Marie-Soleil , Sasseville Maxime , Attieh Randa , Bergeron-Drolet Laurie-Ann , Sanchez Romina Helena Barony , Gallani Maria Cecilia , Côté André , Laberge Maude , Voyer Philippe , Couture Vincent , Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the health and care of older adults, with particularly negative consequences for those residing in long-term care homes (LTCH) and retirement homes (RH). To inform the implementation of interventions with the most potential for impact, Healthcare Excellence Canada identified six promising practices and policy options that can be introduced to ensure that LTCH and RH are better prepared for potential future outbreaks. A total of 22 implementation science teams (ISTs) were funded to support LTCH and RH across Canada in their implementation of these practices. This study aims to identify the enablers and barriers to the successful implementation of evidence-based practices and the impact of intervention in LTCH and RH across Canada.

Methods

A survey-based longitudinal correlational design will be used. The Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation (OR4KT) tool will be used to assess the readiness of LTCH and RH to implement the selected practice. The OR4KT includes 59 questions and takes about 15 min to complete. Five to ten respondents per organization, holding different job positions, will be invited by the ISTs to complete the OR4KT in 91 LTCH or RH across Canada at the beginning of the project (T1) and 6 months after the first measurement (T2).

Discussion

The study will provide a benchmark for assessing the readiness of LTCH and RH to implement evidence-based practices. It will also inform decision-makers about barriers and facilitators that influence the integration of promising practices in these organizations.
Implementing specialised vestibular physiotherapy in an emergency department: a process evaluation
Authors: Ip Kelvin , Lloyd Melanie , Luscombe Allison , Hitch Danielle
Published: June 2022

Background

Dizziness and vertigo-like symptoms, often caused by common peripheral vestibular disorders such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), may significantly impact function and quality of life. These symptoms often result in emergency department (ED) presentations. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines strongly recommend using physical assessment and treatment manoeuvres for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the process of implementing specialised vestibular physiotherapy (SPV) in an emergency department from the clinician’s perspective.

Methods

This implementation study utilised a retrospective mixed-methods process evaluation to understand how SVP operated in an Australian emergency department. The i-PARiHS framework was embedded within the methodology and analytical approach of the study to ensure a comprehensive approach closely aligned to implementation science. Nine clinicians retrospectively completed the Organisational Readiness for Change Assessment (ORCA), Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM) and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Seven clinicians also participated in a focus group or interview.

Results

A range of barriers and facilitators to the implementation process were identified by participants, some of which spanned multiple domains of the i-PARiHS framework. Relationships with service leaders, champions and medical staff were pivotal facilitators to implementation, along with a generally held perception that SVP was acceptable and feasible. The main barrier identified was a lack of capacity to deliver and facilitate this innovation within the physiotherapy workforce and the broader multidisciplinary recipients.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the process of implementing an SVP service in an ED context was generally well-received by clinicians but also involved some challenges and barriers. Services looking to implement SVP in the ED should aim to build stakeholder relationships; develop a shared vision with clear goals and intended outcomes; embed the innovation in organisation processes, procedures and policies; and increase workforce capacity to deliver and facilitate SVP to guide their approach to this innovation.
Optimized rice transformation protocol for transformation of the blast susceptible Indica rice accession CO39
Authors: Greenwood Julian R. , Glaus Anna N.
Published: June 2022

Background

Many rice transformation protocols have been reported, but optimization is still required to ensure efficient transformation of specific rice accessions. The modified rice transformation protocol presented here builds upon the original protocol: ‘An improved protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of diverse Indica rice cultivars’ volume 7, Article number: 49 (2011), Plant Methods.

Results

Following the aforementioned transformation protocol, calli browning occurred and no Agrobacterium-mediated transformation could be achieved, but this could be remedied by increasing the concentration of l-Proline. Improved callus health lead to successful transformation and proliferation of calli on selection media, but a low frequency of plantlet regeneration occurred when calli were transferred to regeneration media. The efficiency of plantlet regeneration was greatly improved by removing antibiotics from regeneration media, with the presence of escapes selected against during subsequent transfer of plantlets to antibiotic containing rooting media. Transformation of CO39 callus was found to be possible 8 days after callus induction resulting in a time saving of 10 days compared to the original protocol.

Conclusions

This optimized transformation protocol allows for the generation and survival of healthy CO39 calli, efficient transformation of calli using Agrobacterium, and produces a high frequency of regenerated transgenic plants. These protocol modifications will be useful for optimizing the transformation and regeneration of other recalcitrant Indica rice cultivars, particularly those sensitive to antibiotics during plantlet regeneration.
The potential for gene-editing to increase muscle growth in pigs: experiences with editing myostatin
Authors: Dilger A. C. , Chen X. , Honegger L. T. , Marron B. M. , Beever J. E.
Published: June 2022

Gene-editing holds promise as a new technique for growth promotion in livestock, especially in the face of increased opposition to traditional methods of growth promotion like feed additives. However, to date, there has been only limited progress toward models of growth promotion through gene-editing. The vast majority of gene-editing projects have focused on a single gene, myostatin (MSTN), with several reports of successful editing events. These attempts have been limited by the low efficiency of successful edits and issues of viability. The use of both microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer appear to be susceptible to these viability issues. Herein, we report a successful editing of myostatin in pigs using a zinc-finger nuclease targeted at exon 3 of myostatin. Overall, the successful editing rate was 1% (37 edited cell lines/3616 screened cell lines). Edits included a variety of small indels and larger deletions. One male and one female cell line with a deletion of one thymidine residue (− 1 T) were selected for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Of the ~ 900 embryos transferred, there were 12 live births (1 male, 11 females) but only 5 female pigs survived to sexual maturity. These animals were bred to commercial sires to expand the population and determine potential interactive effects between myostatin mutations and the naturally-occurring g.3072G > A mutation in insulin-like growth factor 2. Even in subsequent generations (F0xWT, F1xF0, F1xF1), viability of piglets continued to be poor and was associated with the progeny’s proportion of the original clone genome, even in pigs lacking MSTN loss-of-function (LOF) mutations. However, viability of pigs with myostatin LOF (MSTN−/−) was especially poor as none of the 37 animals born were viable. Sequencing of cloned pigs indicated that off-target effects did not explain this poor viability. Reducing the percentage of the cloned genome by outcrossing successfully improved viability of MSTN+/+ and MSTN± pigs, but not of MSTN−/− pigs. Characterization of MSTN± pigs did reveal an increase in muscle growth and body weight compared with MSTN+/+ pigs. Therefore, in order for the promise of gene-editing of myostatin for growth promotion in livestock to be fulfilled, issues of viability of offspring and efficacy of editing have yet to be overcome. Additionally, gene-editing targets other than myostatin must be explored.
Directly wireless communication of human minds via non-invasive brain-computer-metasurface platform
Authors: Ma Qian , Gao Wei , Xiao Qiang , Ding Lingsong , Gao Tianyi , Zhou Yajun , Gao Xinxin , Yan Tao , Liu Che , Gu Ze , Kong Xianghong , Abbasi Qammer H. , Li Lianlin , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Li Yuanqing , Cui Tie Jun
Published: June 2022

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), invasive or non-invasive, have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the surroundings. Inspired by the BCI-based rehabilitation technologies for nerve-system impairments and amputation, we propose an electromagnetic brain-computer-metasurface (EBCM) paradigm, regulated by human’s cognition by brain signals directly and non-invasively. We experimentally show that our EBCM platform can translate human’s mind from evoked potentials of P300-based electroencephalography to digital coding information in the electromagnetic domain non-invasively, which can be further processed and transported by an information metasurface in automated and wireless fashions. Directly wireless communications of the human minds are performed between two EBCM operators with accurate text transmissions. Moreover, several other proof-of-concept mind-control schemes are presented using the same EBCM platform, exhibiting flexibly-customized capabilities of information processing and synthesis like visual-beam scanning, wave modulations, and pattern encoding.
A Novel Germline Deletion of p.C630 inRETCauses MTC and Promotes Cell Proliferation and Sensitivity to Pralsetinib
Authors: Ma Xiao , Ma Xiuli , Chin Lihan , Zhu Zhen , Han Haibo
Published: June 2022

Context

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is usually caused by gain-of-function mutations in the proto-oncogene RET.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism in a male patient diagnosed with MTC at age 51 years.

Methods

Genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes or tumor tissues of patients was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS)-panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Wild-type (WT) and p.C630 deletion RET were expressed in HEK 293T cells. Activation of phosphorylation of the crucial tyrosine-905 of RET and MAPK/ERK was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of RET mutants on cell viability and colony formation ability was determined by CCK8 assay and a colony forming assay.

Results

NGS-Panel sequencing revealed a 3-nucleotide/1-amino acid C630 in-frame deletion in exon 11 of RET (c.1887_1889delGTG p.C630del). In vitro expression showed that phosphorylation of the crucial tyrosine 905 was much stronger in the p.C630del RET mutant than in WT RET, indicating ligand-independent activation of the Ret protein tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, p.C630del RET mutant induced strong activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, p.C630del RET mutant cells exhibited increased HEK 293T cell viability and colony formation compared with WT RET cells. Pralsetinib (BLU-667), a highly selective RET inhibitor, inhibited the viability of WT RET and p.C630del RET mutant-transfected HEK 293T cells (IC50s: 18.54 and 16.49 µM after treatment for 24 hours), followed by inhibition of the RET-induced MAPK/ERK pathway.

Conclusion

The finding in our patient with MTC was a 3-base-pair deletion in exon 11 of RET, a p.C630 deletion not previously reported. The p.C630del RET stimulates cell proliferation by increasing ligand-independent phosphorylation and activation of MAPK/ERK pathway, demonstrating the pathogenic nature of the mutation. We therefore recommend screening panel sequence of RET in MTC patients with indications of a genetic cause.
RESOURCE APPROACH TO EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   South Ural State University, Kotlyarova I.O. , Serikov G.N. ,   South Ural State University
Published: June 2022

Resource approach is relevant for education study due to both: its interdisciplinary nature and its correspondence to the concept of sustainable development. Existing scientific research concerns the general issues of applying the resource approach, including education, as well as the specifics of education for sustainable development. Our study is devoted to the interpretation of the resource approach as a research methodology for education for sustainable development. The article proves the choice of aspects of the methodological approach: cognitive, identification-oriented, implicative, instrumental-conative ones. The subject of the application of the approach – education for sustainable development – is characterized. The identified aspects of the methodological approach are meaningfully disclosed in relation to the resource approach to education for sustainable development.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A FUTURE SPECIALIST IN INFORMATION SECURITY AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   South Ural State University, Astakhova L.V.
Published: June 2022

The article substantiates the relevance of the professional responsibility development of a university graduate. The contradictions between the need for specialists with a high level of professional responsibility and the insufficiently realized potential of universities in its development is revealed. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the features and pedagogical conditions for the development of professional responsibility of the future information security specialist in a university environment. The theory of responsibility as a manifestation of a person's inner freedom, and the theory of the evolution of corporate culture paradigms were used as methodological basis. The theoretical significance of the study is in the identification of specific factors in the development of professional responsibility of future information security specialists based on the characteristics of their future activities. The scientific novelty of the work is in the substantiation of the pedagogical conditions for the development of professional responsibility of the future information security specialist in a university environment.
READINESS FORMATION OF CADETS FOR PROFESSIONAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING AT MILITARY UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University, Ippolitova N.V. , Itkulova A.A. ,   Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University
Published: June 2022

The problem of formation of cadets' readiness for professional intercultural communication in the process of professional training is actualized by the current geopolitical situation. Increasing requirements for the quality of professional training of future specialists in a military institution suggests the need to clarify the personal aspect of the professional training of future officers. This, in turn, determines the importance of concretizing the content of the key concepts of the study, namely, “communication”, “intercultural communication”, “readiness for intercultural communication”, “formation of readiness for professional intercultural communication”. The authors created a block diagram reflecting the relationship of the identified concepts based on the study of scientific sources, methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and modeling. The scientific novelty of the research is in identifying and substantiating the specific concept “formation of readiness for professional intercultural communication of cadets in training at a military university”, interpreted as a holistic pedagogical process based on the interconnected activities of the teacher and students and aimed to ensure the unity of the cognitive, praxeological and personal components of cadets' readiness for professional intercultural communication. The authors identified the structure, content and characteristics of the basic concepts of the study. The results of the study can clarify the theoretical foundations of the process of preparing future officers for professional intercultural communication and improve the practice of a military institute training.
INFORMATION SECURITY CHALLENGE OF MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   International Academy for Quality, Anttila Ju.
Published: June 2022

Information security is vital for all living organisms, people, organizations and society as a whole, since information security is the basis of all life activities. The ambiguity of understanding the terms “information” and “security” leads to the need to clarify the conceptual apparatus on the problem of ensuring information security. The article reveals the meaning of information security as a challenge to modern society. The concept of “information security” is clarified. Information security is considered in terms of privacy protection, security of organizational operations and cybersecurity. The author's understanding of information security is given from the point of view of the organization's management, of individual subjects, and society. It is substantiated that people simultaneously use information security, provide it, and are also subject to information threats. Information security requires certain competencies, skills and actions from organizations and individuals, both in professional and personal life. Appropriate competencies are needed in education, research and social activities. To manage activities to ensure information security, a multi-disciplinary approach and interaction of organizations from different areas of activity of the human community is required. This determines the need for the members of society to master the competencies of information security, which is one of the tasks of modern education. The standardized requirements for the protection of personal data and confidentiality that exist in the EU, which must be observed by organizations and administrations, can serve as guidelines for the formation of information security competencies and for its provision in practice. The existence of standards provides a systematic and consistent practice of risk management and security.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATION RESOURCES IN TEACHING SECOND FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT UNIVERSITY UNDER PANDEMIC
Authors:   South Ural State University, Markus A.M. , Tsepel M.G. ,   South Ural State University
Published: June 2022

Covid-19 has changed the conditions of education process and has caused rapid transition to distance learning, which in its turn stimulated teachers of a second foreign language to search for effective methods of teaching undergraduate students. The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of integrating an online course with electronic educational resources adapted for teaching a second foreign language at South Ural State University and analyze its effectiveness. The post-course survey, questionnaire and the method of mathematical statistics were used. The results of the survey confirm the effectiveness of the presented online course used in combination with digital technologies. Further research is needed to find the ways to enrich the course assignments; to identify additional digital tools to work with the electronic educational environment.
CAREER GUIDANCE WORK WITH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Radionova E.A. , Ginzburg I.S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Erdakov I.N. ,   South Ural State University
Published: June 2022

Engineering degrees are gradually losing prestige as modern schoolchildren underestimate the prospects of engineering education. High-quality and effective career guidance is one of the possible ways to solve this problem, yet a recommended set of effective methods to guide schoolchildren is still undefined. The article substantiates the relevance of career guidance methods in engineering education to attract high school students to technical specialties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the practices of career guidance work using the interactive quest method and to study the advantages and disadvantages of the interactive method considering its further improvement and application. To achieve the goal, analytical methods and systematic analysis of the SUSU Polytechnic Institute’s experience were used. The authors identified an innovative method for conducting career guidance events. The presented analysis can be useful for the admission campaign organizers involved in preparing and implementing career guidance activities for engineering education.
Existence and concentration of ground-states for fractional Choquard equation with indefinite potential
Authors: Zhang Wen , Yuan Shuai , Wen Lixi
Published: June 2022

This paper is concerned with existence and concentration properties of ground-state solutions to the following fractional Choquard equation with indefinite potential:(−Δ)su+V(x)u=∫RNA(εy)∣u(y)∣p∣x−y∣μdyA(εx)∣u(x)∣p−2u(x),x∈RN,{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u+V\left(x)u=\left(\mathop{\int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}\frac{A\left(\varepsilon y)| u(y){| }^{p}}{| x-y{| }^{\mu }}{\rm{d}}y\right)A\left(\varepsilon x)| u\left(x){| }^{p-2}u\left(x),\hspace{1em}x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},wheres∈(0,1)s\in \left(0,1),N>2sN\gt 2s,0<μ<2s0\lt \mu \lt 2s,2<p<2N−2μN−2s2\lt p\lt \frac{2N-2\mu }{N-2s}, andε\varepsilonis a positive parameter. Under some natural hypotheses on the potentialsVVandAA, using the generalized Nehari manifold method, we obtain the existence of ground-state solutions. Moreover, we investigate the concentration behavior of ground-state solutions that concentrate at global maximum points ofAAasε→0\varepsilon \to 0.
Hemothorax after fetal pleural effusion-thoracoamniotic shunting procedure due to transient myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Iwahata Yuriko , Iwahata Hideyuki , Hasegawa Junichi , Homma Chika , Nishimura Yoko , Kondo Haruhiro , Suzuki Nao
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To present a case of fetal hemothorax after two times of thoracoamniotic shunting (TAS) performed to pleural effusion with hydrops fetalis, resulting in non-reassuring fetal status due to hemothorax.

Case presentation

This is a case of bilateral pleural effusion with hydrops fetalis and polyhydramnios at 32 weeks gestation, in which unilateral fetal TAS was performed twice, resulting in non-reassuring fetal status due to hemothorax. After delivery, the infant was diagnosed with trisomy 21 and transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) with disseminated intravascular coagulation and congenital systemic lymphangiopathy.

Conclusions

In conclusion, since TAM case do not always show hemothrax, TAM is not inhibited but technical carefulness should be necessary.