bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Press in Paris from 1920 to 1940
Authors: Weigle Clifford F.
Published: January 2017

This article surveys the trends in the Parisian press from Armistice to Armistice and considers its relationship to the fall of France. Professor Weigle is a staff member in the Division of Journalism, Stanford University.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin Fred E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: January 2017

Articles on the press during the current period reflected increasing interest in the impact of the war on American publishing. The celebration of National Newspaper Week in October produced a number of comments. The affairs of the American Newspaper Guild centered in the national referendum on a new slat of officers. The inquiry of the Federal Communications Commission into newspaper ownership of radio stations was widely noted.

F.E.M.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines
Authors: Merwin F. E. , Luxon N. N.
Published: January 2017

Developments in World War II, particularly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, dominated magazine material relating to the press. An outstanding development was the establishment of a Board of Censorship with Byron Price, Associated Press news executive, appointed as chief censor. The January, 1942, issue of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science was devoted to “The Press in the Contemporary Scene” and this symposium covered many of the topics listed in this bibliography. Advertisers continued to discuss the impact of war on linage. Marshall Field HI got the Chicago Sun started in December.

F.E.M.
In(tra)fusion: Kitchen research practices, collaborative writing, and re-conceptualising the interview
Authors: Alexander Dagmar , Wyatt Jonathan
Published: January 2017

At the end of our year-long funded collaborative writing project we met to write. We created a writing cocoon around Dagmar’s kitchen table (why are kitchens so conducive to work? Is it the smell, the promise of being fed? The clutter? The hiss of the kettle?), and sat with each other, sat with our laptops. We listened to taped voices. We wrote. We wrote in response to what we heard and what we imagined we heard. We listened with each other to others. We read our responses aloud, re-wrote ourselves into each other’s responses, and wove filigree threads, some of which held where others broke. These kitchen research practices led us to a response to the ontological, epistemological and methodological difficulties with the qualitative research interview. We offer ‘in(tra)fusion’ as a re-calibrating, a re-casting, a re-conceptualising, as the familiar becomes strange.
Emotional Intelligence as an Evolutive Factor on Adult With ADHD
Authors: Quintero Javier , Vera Rosa , Morales Isabel , Zuluaga Pilar , Fernández Alberto
Published: January 2017

Objective: ADHD adults exhibit deficits in emotion recognition, regulation, and expression. Emotional intelligence (EI) correlates with better life performance and is considered a skill that can be learned and developed. The aim of this study was to assess EI development as ability in ADHD adults, considering the effect of comorbid psychiatric disorders and previous diagnosis of ADHD. Method: Participants ( n = 116) were distributed in four groups attending to current comorbidities and previous ADHD diagnosis, and administered the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test version 2.0 to assess their EI level. Results: ADHD adults with comorbidity with no previous diagnosis had lower EI development than healthy controls and the rest of ADHD groups. In addition, ADHD severity in childhood or in adulthood did not influence the current EI level. Conclusion: EI development as a therapeutic approach could be of use in ADHD patients with comorbidities.
Hybrid Stage I Procedure as Initial Palliation for Neonate With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Right Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Cvetkovic Draginja , Giamelli Joseph , Lyew Michael , Erb Markus , Sett Suvro , DiStefano Youmna
Published: January 2017

During the past decade, a hybrid procedure has emerged and dramatically evolved as an alternative stage I palliation to the conventional Norwood procedure in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The hybrid approach avoids the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilizing stenting of the arterial duct and bilateral pulmonary artery banding. Cerebral and coronary perfusion pressure is maintained, and the pulmonary vasculature is protected from higher systemic pressure. Elimination of risks associated with CPB gains vital time to stabilize the patient and correct coexisting noncardiac anomalies and allows growth in preparation for the later stages of the Fontan pathway. The association of HLHS with right congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare. We report performing a successful hybrid stage I palliation on a neonate with HLHS and severe right CDH.
Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Abdominal Organ Transplantation Anesthesiologists
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro , Zerillo Jeron
Published: January 2017

More than 3000 peer-reviewed publications on the topic of liver transplantation were published in 2016. The goal of this article is to provide a concise review of pertinent literature for anesthesiologists who participate in liver transplantation. The authors selected and presented 33 articles published in 2016 on the topics of MELD policy; cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal issues; coagulation and transfusion; anesthetic agents; hemodynamic monitors; acute liver failure; and donor issues.
Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Abdominal Organ Transplant Anesthesiologists
Authors: Zerillo Jeron , Kim Sang , Hill Bryan , DeMaria Samuel , Sakai Tetsuro
Published: January 2017

More than 400 peer-reviewed publications on the topic of pancreas transplantation, more than 400 on intestine transplantation, and more than 3000 on renal transplantation were published in 2016. This review will highlight the most pertinent literature for anesthesiologists caring for patients undergoing non-liver abdominal organ transplantation. This review is the second part in an annual series to review relevant contributions in the field of abdominal organ transplantation focusing on pancreas, intestine, and renal transplantation. We explore a myriad of topics, including outcomes determined by center size, novel assessment of intestine graft function, the effect of Zika virus on the transplant population, appropriate fluid management for renal transplantation, cardiovascular risk assessment in the transplant population, and several topics pertinent to optimizing patient and graft survival.
Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016
Authors: Ing Richard J. , Twite Mark
Published: January 2017

This article is a review of the literature published during the 12 months of 2016 that are of interest to the congenital cardiac anesthesiologist. Five themes are addressed for 2016, and 53 peer-reviewed articles are discussed.
Quick on the Draw
Authors: Donner Christopher M. , Maskaly Jon , Piquero Alex R. , Jennings Wesley G.
Published: January 2017

Police officers have a continuum of force options available to them, but, without question, the most extreme of these options is deadly force. Recent officer-involved shootings in the United States, and their subsequent media attention, have placed police use of deadly force at the forefront of political, academic, and policy conversations. While the extant literature has uncovered numerous structural, organizational, and situational predictors of police shootings, studies to date are more limited with respect to individual-level factors and have essentially ignored criminological theoretical constructs. Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime as a theoretical framework, the current study fills a gap in the literature by using personal and agency records of 1,935 Philadelphia police officers to examine the relationship between low self-control and officer-involved shootings. The results indicate that officers with lower self-control are significantly more likely to have been involved in a police shooting.
Alloimmunisation in transfused patients: serial cross-matching in a population of hospitalised cats
Authors: Hourani Layla , Weingart Christiane , Kohn Barbara
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Cross-matching is currently recommended as part of pre-transfusion testing for repeat transfusions in cats 4 days after having received an initial transfusion. This prospective study determined when and if cats developed positive cross-match (CM) results after having been transfused with AB-compatible blood.

Methods

Donors were selected according to standard transfusion safety protocols. Twenty-one hospitalised anaemic recipients (blood type A: n = 20; blood type B: n = 1) received 1–4 (median 2) whole blood transfusions (WBTs) over 1–6 days (median 2) in 33 transfusion instances. The tube CM method, including major, minor and recipient control, was employed. Macroscopic and microscopic agglutination reactions were evaluated according to a predetermined scale. CM tests with a positive recipient control could not be evaluated.

Results

No signs of an acute transfusion reaction were observed. A total of 63 CMs were performed. In one cat with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia the CM could not be evaluated (positive recipient control). The minor CM was negative in all cases. Fifteen of 20 cats had a negative major CM (MCM) 1–12 days (median 5) after their first transfusion. A positive MCM was observed in five cases after 2–10 days (median 5) post-first WBT. These five cats had received a total of 1–4 (median 2) WBTs. Cats with a negative MCM had received 1–3 (median 2) WBTs. In 51.5% (17/33) of transfusion instances, the cat’s haematocrit increased as expected, with cats with a positive MCM at 40% (4/10) vs 56.5% (13/23) if MCM was negative.

Conclusions and relevance

Twenty-five percent (5/20) of the feline recipients likely developed alloantibodies against erythrocyte antigens outside of the AB system as early as 2 days post-first WBT. This adds data to the recommendation to include cross-matching in pre-transfusion screening tests.
Elasto-acoustic response damping performance of a smart cavity-coupled electro-rheological fluid sandwich panel
Authors: Hasheminejad Seyyed M , Fadavi-Ardakani A
Published: January 2017

The transient vibroacoustic response mitigation of a rectangular sandwich panel with an adaptive electro-rheological fluid core layer, and backed by a hard-walled reverberant rectangular parallelepiped acoustic enclosure, is investigated. The problem is analyzed in a multidisciplinary framework that involves the thin sandwich electro-rheological fluid-based plate model, the 3D wave equation for the acoustic enclosure domain, the first-order Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model for the electro-rheological fluid core material, the pertinent structure–fluid compatibility relation, and the inherently robust sliding mode control strategy. The generalized Fourier expansion method is utilized to set up the fully coupled system equations in the state–space domain, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta time marching technique is then utilized to compute both uncontrolled and controlled coupled system responses in three basic external loading configurations. It is found that increasing the cavity depth has a substantial restraining effect on the overall sound pressure response levels, while the electro-rheological fluid-panel displacement response amplitudes experience only moderate reductions. Also, a purely passive electro-rheological fluid-based system is observed not to be very effective for vibroacoustic response suppression of the cavity-coupled structural system, while the overall success of the applied sliding mode control methodology in reasonable reduction of both panel displacement and sound pressure time response amplitudes is demonstrated. Furthermore, the control system authority with regard to the acoustic cavity pressure (panel displacement) is found to moderately (slightly) decrease as the cavity depth increases. Limiting cases are considered and accuracy of the suggested analytical model is checked against the output of an FEM package as well as with the accessible literature results. Moreover, the main components of a prospective experimental platform for verifying the performance of proposed vibroacoustic control system are briefly described.
Magnetic resonance imaging of contaminated and damaged core cells in polymer composite sandwich panels
Authors: Tarpani José R , Portela Alexandre MA
Published: January 2017

Computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging has been successfully applied to fully detect typical aircraft hydrogen-rich liquid contaminants entrapped in honeycomb core cells of structural polymer composite sandwich panels. With the aid of Bayesian-based image processing toolbox, the quantification, identification, and discrimination of the contaminants were also rapidly accomplished. Computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging has also been auspiciously applied to accurately define the extent of crushed-core damage in liquid impregnated honeycomb cells. Presented results strengthen the potential of magnetic resonance imaging as safe, fast, reliable, and user-friendly nondestructive testing technique to all engineering fields employing composite sandwich panels as high-demanding structural members.
Moving Beyond the Confines of the Local
Authors: Stahl Garth , Habib Sadia
Published: January 2017

This article explores the concept of belonging in understanding how working-class young people construct themselves as ‘subjects of value’ in historically high-poverty areas now undergoing complex social class unsettlements and changes in visual repertoires. Dramatic changes to space and place raise questions for our participants regarding belonging as well as the boundaries of respectability and authenticity. Drawing upon empirical data from two case studies, we conceptualize belonging as a process of sense-making tied to place and value. We find that social class identity and locality play a vibrant role in the shaping of young people’s identities. In seeking to understand how social experiences of young people are lived within classed, ethnic and gendered life worlds, we draw on sociological scholarship of youth, place and space. We explore young people’s lived experiences in South East London and how they explain these experiences as influencing their subjectivities and sense of belonging.
Contact and wear thermo-elastohydrodynamic model validation for engine bearings
Authors: Kalogiannis Konstantinos , Merritt David R , Mian Omar
Published: January 2017

Tribological machine components such as engine crankshaft bearings operating at high load or rotational speeds often experience very thin oil films leading to asperity contact between the bearing and crankshaft. When the oil film thickness drops below the peak asperity height there is an increase in contact, wear and asperity power loss leading to worsening severity factors and seizure risk. Key factors influencing the bearing lubrication performance are the surface characteristics of the materials at the contact interface. SABRE-TEHL is a software simulation tool used for performing thermo-elastohydrodynamic analysis of bearing applications. In this current study, the development of a combined contact and wear model is demonstrated. This includes a hard contact model giving a direct surface contact pressure in areas of zero oil film thickness, a surface yield model with yield limits and plastic gradient from measured stress–strain data, an asperity wear model using measured surface roughness data and an asperity contact model based on measured roughness, asperity density and tip radius. Input surface roughness data are measured using a white light interferometry method. The effects of surface characterization in terms of roughness and stiffness properties are demonstrated using simulation results comparing an aluminium bimetal bearing with a polymer coated bearing, showing a significant reduction in asperity friction for the bearing with a polymer coating. Simulation results are compared with experimental test results for a 1.5 l diesel engine, a 2.0 l diesel engine and for a bearing fatigue test rig. Generally good agreement is seen when comparing the wear contours and wear depth on the bearing surface.
A retrospective analysis of a pediatric tele-echocardiography service to treat, triage, and reduce trans-Pacific transport
Authors: Rouse Christopher A , Woods Brandon T , Mahnke C Becket
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Tele-echocardiography can ensure prompt diagnosis and prevent the unnecessary transport of infants without critical congenital heart disease, particularly at isolated locations lacking access to tertiary care medical centers.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all infants who underwent tele-echocardiography at a remote 16-bed level IIIB NICU from June 2005 to March 2014. Tele-echocardiograms were completed by cardiac sonographers in Okinawa, Japan, and transmitted asynchronously for review by pediatric cardiologists in Hawaii.

Results

During the study period 100 infants received 192 tele-echocardiograms: 46% of infants had tele-echocardiograms completed for suspected patent ductus arteriosus, 28% for suspected congenital heart disease, 12% for possible congenital heart disease in the setting of likely pulmonary hypertension, and 10% for possible congenital heart disease in the setting of other congenital anomalies. Of these, 17 patients were aeromedically evacuated for cardiac reasons; 12 patients were transported to Hawaii, while five patients with complex heart disease were transported directly to the United States mainland for interventional cardiac capabilities not available in Hawaii.

Discussion

This study demonstrates the use of tele-echocardiography to guide treatment, reduce long and potentially risky trans-Pacific transports, and triage transports to destination centers with the most appropriate cardiac capabilities.
Shared decision-making – Rhetoric and reality: Women’s experiences and perceptions of adjuvant treatment decision-making for breast cancer
Authors: Mahmoodi Neda , Sargeant Sally
Published: January 2017

This interview-based study uses phenomenology as a theoretical framework and thematic analysis to challenge existing explanatory frameworks of shared decision-making, in an exploration of women’s experiences and perceptions of shared decision-making for adjuvant treatment in breast cancer. Three themes emerged are as follows: (1) women’s desire to participate in shared decision-making, (2) the degree to which shared decision-making is perceived to be shared and (3) to what extent are women empowered within shared decision-making. Studying breast cancer patients’ subjective experiences of adjuvant treatment decision-making provides a broader perspective on patient participatory role preferences and doctor–patient power dynamics within shared decision-making for breast cancer.
Through their eyes: Israeli-Arab students speak up through participatory documentary photography projects
Authors: Hayik Rawia
Published: January 2017

‘PhotoVoice’ is a participatory documentary photography tool that empowers youth with little money, power, or status by providing them with opportunities to voice their critique and act for enhancing their realities. Grounded in critical literacy theory, this research tool has the potential to raise students’ awareness to problematic issues in their surroundings and enable them to highlight such issues to the wider community. This article describes the journey I embarked upon as a teacher-researcher with my college students to apply such a tool in the Israeli-Arab classroom. After engaging a group of third year future English teachers in PhotoVoice projects, students’ PhotoVoices were collected and analysed to explore what issues students addressed and the ways they used to do so. A description of the topics that students chose to highlight and the language used for demanding change is followed by students’ as well as my reflections on the process.
Strategic and unpressured within-task planning and their associations with working memory
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Fu Mengxia
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the comparative effects of strategic and unpressured within-task planning on second language (L2) Chinese oral production and the role of working memory in mediating the effects of the two types of planning. Twenty-nine L2 Chinese learners at a large New Zealand university performed a narrative task after watching a 6-minute silent movie, followed by an operation span test gauging the learners’ working memory capacity. The results revealed that (1) strategic planning enhanced fluency and unpressured within-task planning led to greater accuracy and syntactic complexity, (2) strategic planning facilitated the production of a syntactically transparent structure, while unpressured within-task planning showed an advantage for opaque, complex structures, and (3) working memory was drawn upon in unpressured within-task planning, but barely so in strategic planning. The data show that strategic planning benefits the Conceptualizer while unpressured within-task planning favors the Formulator. The data also suggest that the role of cognitive abilities in task performance is contingent upon the processing demands of different task conditions.
What’s the story? A computational analysis of narrative competence in autism
Authors: Lee Michelle , Martin Gary E , Hogan Abigail , Hano Deanna , Gordon Peter C , Losh Molly
Published: January 2017

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrate narrative (i.e. storytelling) difficulties which can significantly impact their ability to form and maintain social relationships. However, existing research has not comprehensively documented these impairments in more open-ended, emotionally evocative situations common to daily interactions. Computational linguistic measures offer a promising complement to traditional hand-coding methods of narrative analysis and in this study were applied together with hand coding of narratives elicited with emotionally salient scenes from the Thematic Apperception Test. In total, 19 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 14 typically developing controls were asked to tell stories about six images from the Thematic Apperception Test. Both structural and qualitative aspects of narrative were assessed using a hand-coding system and Latent Semantic Analysis, an automated computational measure of semantic similarity. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated significant difficulties with the use of complex syntax to integrate their narratives and problems explaining characters’ intentions. These and other key narrative skills were strongly related to narrative competence scores derived from Latent Semantic Analysis, which also distinguished the autism spectrum disorder group from controls. Together, results underscore key narrative impairments in autism spectrum disorder and support the promise of Latent Semantic Analysis as a valuable tool for the quantitative assessment of complex language abilities.
Resistance to sex work stigma
Authors: Weitzer Ronald
Published: January 2017

Stigma is ubiquitous in sex work and is well documented in studies of sex workers. But rarely have scholars examined the vital question of whether, and if so how, stigma can be reduced or eliminated from any type of sex work (commercial stripping, pornography, prostitution, etc.). After a brief review of the issues related to stigma, this Commentary proposes a set of preconditions for the reduction and, ultimately, elimination of stigma from sex work.
22q11 deletion syndrome: Parents’ and children’s experiences of educational and healthcare provision in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cohen Wendy , McCartney Elspeth , Crampin Lisa
Published: January 2017

22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic syndrome, prevalence around 1:4000–1:6000 live births, with a complex array of associated features, impacting on healthcare and educational support. This study reports the perceptions of families and individuals with 22q11DS in relation to these needs. Individuals and families of those with 22q11DS were approached though two national charities – the Max Appeal and 22Crew. An initial observational survey design was used to gather views via questions probing access to healthcare and educational experiences. Thirty-four responses were received and the data subjected to descriptive analysis. Over half of the respondents were diagnosed before the age of 1. Ninety-one percent reported ongoing difficulties with learning at school, compounded by school attendance being compromised as a result of medical interventions. Individuals reported engaging heavily with educational support and a high number of health professions (mean 9.5; mode 10). Age of diagnosis of 22q11DS ranged from birth to nine years. Families had ongoing concerns about aspects of education and healthcare services, and lack of knowledge and awareness of the difficulties faced by individuals with 22q11DS was raised. Healthcare and education providers should be aware of the range of services individuals required on a regular basis so as to provide a more holistic approach to care.
Beyond nostalgia for the Soviet past: Interpreting documentaries on Russian television
Authors: Kalinina Ekaterina
Published: January 2017

The proliferation and recycling of Soviet popular culture and history is a central ingredient of post-Soviet film and television production, leading to accusations that the Russian media is nurturing nostalgia. Nostalgia can hardly account for the manifold uses of the Soviet past in contemporary Russian television programming. Nevertheless, in the aftermath of the Crimean annexation, it became evident that nostalgia for a strong empire with a ‘strong ruling hand’ was part of Putin’s symbolic politics for several years. Keeping these considerations in mind, this article investigates how nostalgia extends into the domain of television and becomes an element of symbolic politics, employing a case study of two documentaries produced during Putin’s presidency to focus the analysis. This study also examines how contemporary Russian television uses footage and film clips from the socialist period and witness testimonies to ‘dismantle’ popular myths.
Who’s afraid of the ecological apocalypse? Climate change and the production of the ethical subject
Authors: Fagan Madeleine
Published: January 2017

Contemporary representations of environmental futures often feature apocalyptic scenarios, particularly in film and popular culture. However, these dire warnings have seemingly been ineffective at motivating action on climate change. In response, there has been a call for specifically ethical engagement to provide an alternative means of motivation. This article offers an analysis of the effects of ecological apocalypse narratives on the (re)production of the ethical subject of climate change. The article illustrates the intertextual production of the ethics and apocalypse discourses in order to argue that rather than providing an alternative, the ethical motivation approach in fact (re)produces the assumptions and effects of apocalyptic narratives in a way that sediments a non-relational logic of the ethical subject, in both spatial and temporal terms. Such a logic makes responsive ethical or political engagement with ecological futures very difficult and limits possibilities for thinking progressively about climate change.
Wavelet-based multi-scale finite element modeling and modal identification for structural damage detection
Authors: He Wen-Yu , Zhu Songye , Chen Zhi-Wei
Published: January 2017

Wavelet techniques enable multi-resolution analysis that can represent a function (either field or signal function) in a multi-scale manner. This article presents a damage detection method with dynamically changed scales in both temporal and spatial domains, by taking advantage of the wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis. This method combines a wavelet-based finite element model (WFEM) that employs B-spline wavelet as shape functions and wavelet-based modal identification method to detect structural damage progressively. High-fidelity modal information can be computed or identified with minimized computation cost by lifting the wavelet scales in the wavelet-based finite element model and in signal processing individually according to the actual requirements. Numerical examples demonstrate that the accuracy of damage detection is improved considerably by this lifting strategy during the damage detection process. Besides, fewer degrees of freedom are involved in the wavelet-based finite element model than those of traditional finite element method. The computational efficiency can be improved to large extent and computation resources can be utilized more rationally using the proposed multi-scale approach.
Private Security and its Contribution to Policing: Under-Researched, Under-Utilised and Underestimated
Authors: Button Mark
Published: January 2017

Policing has become increasingly associated with what the police do by academics, practitioners and policy makers. Yet there is a wide range of individuals and organisations, other than the police, engaged in policing. These include other public bodies such as Customs and Excise, trading standards officers, vigilantes and private security firms to name a few. One of the most significant of these is the latter. This paper assesses the contribution of private security to policing by analysing some of the main activities undertaken and comparing them to those pursued by the police. It also argues that private security is under-researched in comparison to the police, particularly given the significant roles that are undertaken. It also argues private security is under-utilised in its potential contribution to policing and crime prevention. Finally, the paper considers how private security is often underestimated when some of the potential causes for concern are considered.
Police Challenges: A Hungarian Perspective
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Schultz Eric C. , Szikinger Istvan
Published: January 2017

With examples from Hungary, this paper describes how police researchers and police practitioners may differ on their perspectives in regard to challenges of fear of crime, criminal violence, drugs and drug-related crimes, and the like. The authors conclude that greater collaboration between police researchers and practitioners is needed. The paper also contains a brief account of the different aspects of the police in Hungary.
The English Police 1829–1856: Consensus or Conflict?
Authors: Harrison Arch
Published: January 2017

The focus of this paper is the new English police institution during the formative years of its development from 1829 to 1856. It is based on the notion that historical perspectives are important for contemporary policing because of its recurring penchant to re-visit the past in an attempt to rationalise the present and justify the future. For the purpose of this analysis, this paper takes the two principal historical perspectives — orthodoxy and revisionism — and attempts to identify which of these schools of thought is the most persuasive in explaining the emergence of, opposition to, control of and role of the new police. This approach is an adaptation of the comparative model used by Robert Reiner in ‘The Politics of the Police’ (1992b). It is contended that the analysis is an ‘eclectic perspective’ with the conclusion favouring revisionism. In this sense, the birth of the new police institution in London in 1829 is best explained by orthodoxy, whereas the aspects of opposition, control and role during its development and expansion are weighted in favour of revisionism.

It is contended that the analysis is an ‘eclectic perspective’ with the conclusion favouring revisionism. In this sense, the birth of the new police institution in London in 1829 is best explained by orthodoxy, whereas the aspects if opposition, control and role during its development and expansion are weighted in favour of revisionism.
‘Written in these scars are the stories I can’t explain’: A content analysis of pro-ana and thinspiration image sharing on Instagram
Authors: Ging Debbie , Garvey Sarah
Published: January 2017

Since pro-anorexia websites began to appear in the 1990s, there has been a growing body of academic work on pro-ana and thinspiration communities online. Underpinned by a range of (inter)disciplinary perspectives, most of this work focuses on websites and blogs. There is a dearth of research and, in particular, gender-aware research on pro-ana practices and discourses in the context of newer mobile social platforms such as Instagram. Using a dataset of 7560 images, this study employs content analysis to ask whether, to what extent and how pro-ana identities and discourses manifest themselves on a more open, image-based platform such as Instagram. We demonstrate that, by mainstreaming pro-ana, Instagram has rendered visible pro-ana sensibilities such as abstinence and self-discipline in the broader context of distressed girls’ lives and Western culture more generally. We conclude that this increased visibility may in fact be a positive development.
Choosing an informative agenda setter: The appointment of the Commission in the European Union
Authors: Crombez Christophe , Huysmans Martijn , Van Gestel Wim
Published: January 2017

We present a game-theoretical analysis of Commission appointment in the European Union. In the model, the European Parliament and the member states look ahead and consider the outcomes that result from the appointment of alternative Commissions. In contrast to earlier work, we assume the European Parliament and the member states have incomplete information on the consequences of policies, whereas the Commission acquires private information. We find that the increased use of codecision gives the Council an incentive to appoint a Commission that is closer to the European Parliament, because the European Parliament then trusts the Commission more and the Commission is more informative as a result. Thus, we shed new light on the Spitzenkandidaten Coup that preceded the appointment of the Juncker Commission.
‘Governance transitions’ and minority nationalist parties’ pressure for welfare state change: Evidence from Welsh and Scottish elections – And the UK’s ‘Brexit’ referendum
Authors: Chaney Paul
Published: January 2017

This study is concerned with welfare state development and the intersection between the twin global phenomena of sub-state nationalism and ‘governance transitions’. Specifically, how minority nationalist parties (MNPs) use discourse to exert pressure for welfare change. Accordingly, here, we explore their discourse in Scottish and Welsh elections, and the UK ‘Brexit’ referendum on European Union membership. The findings reveal how pressure for welfare change is framed using key tropes including nation-building, extending social protection and resistance to central government programmes. The wider significance to understanding global social policy lies in the following: (1) revealing the discursive processes associated with multi-level welfare state dynamics, (2) demonstrating how MNPs and governance transitions combine to pressure for welfare state change, and (3) showing how the resultant territorialisation of policy discourse advances ‘sub-state’ models of social citizenship.
Nanostructure and burning mode of light-duty diesel particulate with conventional diesel, biodiesel, and intermediate blends
Authors: Strzelec Andrea , Vander Wal Randy L , Lewis Samuel A , Toops Todd J , Daw C Stuart
Published: January 2017

The nanostructure of diesel particulates has been shown to impact its oxidation rate and burnout trajectory. Additionally, this nanostructure can evolve during the oxidation process, furthering its influence on the burnout process. For this study, exhaust particulates were generated on a light-duty diesel engine with conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel, and intermediate blends of the two at a single load-speed point. Despite the singular engine platform and operating point, the different fuels created particulates with varied nanostructure, thereby greatly expanding the window for observing nanostructure evolution and oxidation. The physical and chemical properties of the particulates in the nascent state and at partial oxidation states were measured in a laboratory reactor and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy as a function of the degree of oxidation in O2. X-ray photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis, thermal desorption, and solvent extraction of the nascent particulate samples reveal a significant organic content in the biodiesel-derived particulates, likely accounting for differences in the nanostructure. This study reports the nanoscale structural changes in the particulate with biofuel blend level and during O2 oxidation as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and quantitated by fringe analysis and Brunnauer–Emmet–Teller total surface area measurements. It was observed that initial fuel-related differences in the lamella lengths, spacing, and curvature disappear when the particulate reaches approximately 50% burnout. Specifically, the initial ordered, fullerenic, and amorphous nanostructures converge during the oxidation process and the surface areas of these particulates appear to grow through these complex changes in internal particle structure. The specific surface area, measured at several points along the burnout trajectory, did not match the shrinking core projection and in contrast suggested that internal porosity was increasing. Thus, the appropriate burnout model for these particulates is significantly different from the standard shrinking core assumption, which does not account for any internal structure. An alternative burnout model is supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image analysis.
X-ray radiography of cavitation in a beryllium alloy nozzle
Authors: Duke Daniel J , Matusik Katarzyna E , Kastengren Alan L , Swantek Andrew B , Sovis Nicholas , Payri Raul , Viera Juan P , Powell Christopher F
Published: January 2017

Making quantitative measurements of the vapor distribution in a cavitating nozzle is difficult, owing to the strong scattering of visible light at gas–liquid boundaries and wall boundaries, and the small lengths and time scales involved. The transparent models required for optical experiments are also limited in terms of maximum pressure and operating life. Over the past few years, x-ray radiography experiments at Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source have demonstrated the ability to perform quantitative measurements of the line of sight projected vapor fraction in submerged, cavitating plastic nozzles. In this paper, we present the results of new radiography experiments performed on a submerged beryllium nozzle which is 520  μm in diameter, with a length/diameter ratio of 6. Beryllium is a light, hard metal that is very transparent to x-rays due to its low atomic number. We present quantitative measurements of cavitation vapor distribution conducted over a range of non-dimensional cavitation and Reynolds numbers, up to values typical of gasoline and diesel fuel injectors. A novel aspect of this work is the ability to quantitatively measure the area contraction along the nozzle with high spatial resolution. Analysis of the vapor distribution, area contraction and discharge coefficients are made between the beryllium nozzle and plastic nozzles of the same nominal geometry. When gas is dissolved in the fuel, the vapor distribution can be quite different from that found in plastic nozzles of the same dimensions, although the discharge coefficients are unaffected. In the beryllium nozzle, there were substantially fewer machining defects to act as nucleation sites for the precipitation of bubbles from dissolved gases in the fuel, and as such the effect on the vapor distribution was greatly reduced.
Non-equilibrium wall-modeling for internal combustion engine simulations with wall heat transfer
Authors: Ma Peter C , Greene Mark , Sick Volker , Ihme Matthias
Published: January 2017

Heat transfer affects the performance and phasing of internal combustion engines. Correlations and equilibrium wall-function models are typically employed in engine simulations to predict heat transfer. However, many studies have shown that significant errors are expected, owing to the failure of fundamental assumptions in deriving equilibrium wall-function models. Non-equilibrium wall models provide a more accurate way of describing the near-wall region of in-cylinder flows. In this study, simultaneous high-speed high-resolution particle image velocimetry and heat-flux measurements are conducted in an optically accessible engine. The experiments are performed under both motored and fired conditions at two different engine speeds. The experimental data are utilized to assess the performance of different models in predicting the thermoviscous boundary layer. These models include commonly used heat transfer correlations, equilibrium and modified wall-function models, and a recently developed non-equilibrium wall model. It is found that the equilibrium wall-function model significantly underpredicts the heat flux under both motored and fired conditions. By considering heat release effects in the boundary layer, the non-equilibrium wall model is shown to be able to adequately capture the structure and dynamics of both momentum and thermal boundary layers in comparison with experimental measurements, demonstrating its improved performance over previously employed correlation functions and the equilibrium model.
Performance and emissions of gasoline–dual alcohol blends in spark-ignited single cylinder engine
Authors: Schifter Isaac , Gonzalez Uriel , Díaz Luis , Mejía-Centeno Isidro , Gonzalez-Macias Carmen
Published: January 2017

Three alcohols (ethanol, methanol and isobutanol), two ethers (ethyl tert-butyl ether and methyl tert-butyl ether) and dimethyl carbonate were blended in a base fuel at 3.5 wt % oxygen. Two of the fuels were dual alcohol–gasoline blends with methanol/ethanol and methanol/isobutanol having the same added volume of each alcohol. The performance was analyzed on a single spark-ignited engine. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide were monitored online. The dual-alcohol blends present higher cooling effect, power and thermal efficiency as well as low combustion cyclic dispersion and fast combustion. Combustion effects due to the addition of oxygenates can be attributed to base gasoline dilution, for a given oxygen content. Also, dilution increases the hydrogen proportion, and this seems to have a strong relationship with the observed increases in combustion duration.
Reversing the gaze: methodological reflections from the perspective of racial- and ethnic-minority researchers
Authors: Osanami Törngren Sayaka , Ngeh Jonathan
Published: January 2017

In the current literature on methodology and knowledge production, there is a substantial imbalance in interracial and interethnic research: the perspective has primarily been that of the ‘white gaze’. This article reverses that gaze and attempts to initiate a methodological discussion that is missing today: what occurs when non-white researchers interview a white-majority population or persons of the same racial but different ethnic background? Based on the experiences of a female researcher with an East Asian background (Sayaka Osanami Törngren) and a male researcher with an African background (Jonathan Ngeh) who conducted interviews in Malmö, Sweden, this article analyzes incidents in which the boundaries between race, ethnicity and non-Swedishness in relation to non-whiteness are implicitly and explicitly communicated between the researcher and the researched. Our experiences reveal that the demarcation of these boundaries is not fixed but highly fluid.
Co-construction of the tourist experience in social networking sites: Two forms of authenticity intertwined
Authors: Wang Li , Alasuutari Pertti
Published: January 2017

Although social networking sites have become an important outlet for tourists to share their experiences – typically through mobile phones during their trips, communication of tourist experience in the context of social networking sites has been overlooked so far. In this article, we particularly focus on the ways sightseeing oriented tourist experience is communicated in social networking sites. By looking at the naturally occurring data generated by the users, we examine the ways the tourist experience is communicated in this particular context by using the analytical concept of authenticity. Based on the findings of language use strategies and interaction patterns in the data, we propose the concept of experientialisation to understand the tourist experience sharing in social networking sites. In that way, the article makes a contribution to the literature on authenticity.
Brexit, boundaries and imperial identities: A comparative view
Authors: Gardner Andrew
Published: January 2017

The year 2016 will be marked as a year in which identity politics reached new levels of significance. Among numerous dramatic events, the UK referendum on membership of the European Union has brought many issues of interest to archaeologists to the fore. These range from entirely contemporary concerns, such as the future of research funding in Britain, to topics of more longitudinal significance, including the interactions between different identity groups in particular economic and political circumstances. In this paper, I wish to explore aspects of the distinctive position of Britain as an illustration of identity dynamics in the long term, focussing on the relationship between imperialism and identities and viewed through the lens of recent work in Border Studies. Brexit can be seen as the culmination of the collapse of the British empire, and transformation of British identity, in the post-Second World War era and the particular dynamics of this process invite comparison with Britain’s earlier position as one of the frontier provinces of the Roman empire, especially in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. This comparison reveals two paradoxical dimensions of imperial identities, the first being that so-called ‘peripheries’ can be more important than ‘cores’ in the creation of imperial identities and the second that such identities can be simultaneously ideologically powerful yet practically fragile in the circumstances which follow imperial collapse. Such insights are important because, at a time of apparently resurgent nationalism in many countries, archaeologists need to work harder than ever to understand identity dynamics with the benefit of time depth.
The Effects of Eprosartan on Cytoplasmic Free Calcium Mobilisation, Platelet Activation and Microparticle Formation in Hypertension. Could they be Relevant to Stroke Prevention?
Authors: Martínez Silvestre Marcial
Published: January 2017

The study examined a number of parameters of platelet function and activation in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive patients. It also examined the effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker eprosartan on these parameters. There were 30 patients with stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension plus 31 well-matched controls in this study.

Phosphatidylserine, a measure of circulating activated platelets, was expressed more in hypertensive patients than in controls. Eprosartan partially corrected the enhanced platelet reactivity.There were greater numbers of activated platelet microparticles in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Again, eprosartan reduced this hyperproduction.

Calcium kinetics of platelets were measured with flow cytometry using fluorescent markers.The free calcium concentration and its rise in response to thrombin were greater in hypertensive patients. Eprosartan significantly changed these parameters towards control values and reduced platelet activation. patients.

Thus, eprosartan has the potential to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic events in hypertensive patients.