bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning‐driven microwave imaging for soil moisture estimation near leaky pipe
Authors: Ramezaninia Mohammad , Shams Mohammadreza , Zoofaghari Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Characterizing soil moisture around drip irrigation pipes is crucial for precise and optimized farming. Machine learning (ML) approaches are particularly suitable for this task as they can reduce uncertainties caused by soil conditions and the drip pipe positions, using features extracted from relevant datasets. This letter addresses local moisture detection in the vicinity of dripping pipes using a portable microwave imaging system. The employed ML approach is fed with two dimensional images generated using back projection as a radar‐based algorithm and the Born approximation as an inverse scattering method, based on spatio‐temporal (collected data at various positions over the soil surface and at different time points.) measurements at various frequencies. The study investigates the performance of K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms for moisture classification based on these imaging techniques. We also explore the potential of KNN and CNN for moisture estimation around the plant roots and in the presence of pebbles. In general, CNN outperforms KNN in moisture content detection from microwave data, especially after applying imaging algorithms. A combination of CNN as the ML approach and the back projection algorithm to provide training data, yielded accuracy more than other models for moisture content estimation. Also, the practical results demonstrate that our method can detect soil moisture with an estimation error of less than 10%.
Discrete‐time full‐order sensorless control of high‐speed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in electric vehicle traction system
Authors: Wang Dongcui , Zhu Yuan , Wu Sibei , Liu Lu
Published: October 2024

A discrete‐time full‐order sensorless control strategy for high‐speed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in electric vehicle (EV) traction system is designed in this paper. While most speed and position observer (SPO) methods are developed in the continuous‐time domain, the presence of a unit‐time‐delay block existed in feedback loop and discretisation of the algorithm can lead to performance degradation during digital implementation. In this work, speed and angle are observed using the discrete‐time four‐order IPMSM model. A quadrature phase‐locked loop model with compensation is introduced, and its stability condition is established for the first time. Furthermore, to address the potential for sudden speed changes in vehicle applications, the parameter range is further refined to keep the estimation error within a specified range. The sliding mode observer is discretised and its stability is analysed using discrete Lyapunov theory. Additionally, the time sequence of interactive signals between SPO and field‐oriented control is thoroughly examined to ensure accurate time cycle. Finally, the proposed control strategy is validated and demonstrated through bench tests and real EV (LS6 of IM Motors) tests with a 190 kW IPMSM, which can improve the accuracy by 0.3 radians at 8000 rpm compared to traditional methods, and achieve stable control at 15,000 rpm on the test bench and at 120 kph with the EV.
An extendable switched‐capacitor based three‐phase multilevel inverter with boosting capability
Authors: Aghaei Hadi , Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Babaei Ebrahim , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae , Iqbal Atif
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for integrating renewable energy sources necessitates inverter topologies with boosting capabilities. Using inverters with boosting capability and a low number of components to integrate renewable energy sources can reduce costs. This study describes a three‐phase multilevel inverter based on extendable switching capacitors. The use of voltage‐doubling modules permits the development of the inverter's capability. By increasing the number of doubling modules, the number of output voltage levels and boost factor are increased. Furthermore, the study introduces and implements a line voltage‐based pulse width modulation approach developed for the proposed inverter. The operation of the proposed multilevel inverter, along with the pulse width modulation scheme, common mode voltage, and power loss analysis are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, a comparative analysis is provided; highlighting the advantage of reducing the number of power switches in the proposed three‐phase inverter compared to other existing topologies. Finally, a laboratory prototype is developed, operating at a 4 kHz switching frequency and with a 120 V DC‐link voltage. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency and performance of the proposed multilevel inverter, thereby validating its practical applicability.
The Impact Of Online Marketing Using Influencer Services In Sungai Enam Otak-Otak Village, Indonesia
Authors: Bayti Nur , Paramita Bunga , Deryane Imalinda , Sufnirayanti Sufnirayanti , Putra Agriend S.
Published: October 2024

This research explores the effect of online marketing through influencer collaborations on the sales and brand awareness of otak-otak products from Sungai Enam Otak-Otak Village. The primary objective is to understand how influencer endorsements influence consumer purchase intentions and ultimately drive sales growth. In an increasingly digital marketplace, social media influencers have become powerful marketing tools, especially for small local businesses looking to broaden their customer base. This study examines how influencer endorsements can shape consumer perceptions and boost brand visibility, leading to increased sales volume for otak-otak products. By analyzing data on consumer reactions, sales figures, and social media engagement, this research provides practical insights for local businesses in utilizing influencer marketing as a strategy to enhance brand awareness and market penetration. The findings are expected to highlight the significance of online marketing strategies in building strong brand connections with consumers. Ultimately, the results of this study can assist local businesses in making informed decisions when developing their marketing plans, especially in the competitive food industry. Understanding the role of social media influencers in driving consumer behavior is critical for future marketing success.
Assessing Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Environmental Behavior Related to Global Warming and Its Impact on The Marine and Coastal Environment: An Instrument-Making
Authors: Sarkity Dios , Fernando Adam , Pratama Yudi
Published: October 2024

Global warming has been a serious problem faced by the world for hundreds of years. The main cause is human activity. With the impact of global warming increasingly felt, especially in marine and coastal areas, environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour need to be instilled in humans to overcome this problem. The success of education in instilling these things needs to be measured with a valid instrument. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour related to global warming and its impact on the marine and coastal environment. This study consists of content validity involving 5 validators, then empirical validity testing and reliability testing involving 129 students. The results of the study showed that expert assessments stated that the developed instrument was valid. The results of the empirical validity test and reliability test also stated that the instrument was valid and reliable for use. This shows that the instrument can be used to measure environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour related to global warming and its impact on the marine and coastal environment.
Mangrove Ecotourism Management in Batam City: Aspects of Sustainable Financing Models
Authors: Irawan Jhoni , Sidabutar Yuanita FD
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the role of Mangrove planting in maritime affairs in Batam City. The study uses Qualitative Descriptive which explains the condition of Batam City in relation to maritime affairs, like a potential and geographical conditions of Batam City. The results of the study refer to how Mangrove development in improving maritime quality is seen from the aspects of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, which are explained in the SWOT analysis, and then processed with the TOWS Matrix in order to determine the implications and ways for maritime development to be carried out properly. The results of the study revealed that both the four aspects in the TOWS matrix provide information on how Mangrove can improve the quality of maritime affairs in Batam, have an impact on the population, minimize pollution, improve the economy and social relations of the community, and how the government and the private sector can work together in developing maritime affairs in Batam. In this study, it discusses sustainable funding in efforts to improve maritime quality, where community programs and activities can be monitored and provided with a forum so that the development of Mangrove planting in Batam City can be implemented.
Climate Change and Rural Development: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Yudiatmaja Wayu Eko , Setiawan Ramadhani , Poti Jamhur , Alfiandri Alfiandri , Hendrayady Agus , Azizi Okky Rizki , Caraka Rezzy Eko
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the gaps in the current literature by reviewing the intellectual structure and research trends on climate change and rural development. This research aims to identify contributed authors, journals, countries, articles, and key topics in these research areas. We used a bibliometric approach to analyse the performance of the literature and knowledge structure of the issues from 492 articles from 1996 to 2023 indexed by the Web of Science. Our findings reveal that Land Use Policy is the leading journal of publications and citations, reflecting its prominent role in disseminating research on climate change and rural development. Silva emerges as an influential author, contributing significantly to the discourse. Geographically, the United States leads in research output, highlighting its strong focus on addressing rural development challenges in the context of climate change. Using co-occurrence analysis, we reveal several terms in climate change and rural development research, including energy, vulnerability, biodiversity, and biomass. This study systematically reviews these issues and contributes to climate change and rural development.
Analysis of the Design Planning for the Special Economic Zone: Nongsa Digital Park as a Digital Hub
Authors: Muzwardi Ady , Riyadi Sayed Fauzan , Wahyudi Herry , Swastiwi Anastasia Wiwik , Akbar Dhani , Putri Rizqi Apriani , Gusriza Gusrizal
Published: October 2024

Nongsa Digital Park is a Special Economic Zone in Batam, Riau Islands, with a focus on the digital and tourism ecosystem. Its strategic location near the Singapore border presents an opportunity to develop the digital sector in Indonesia’s maritime region. The competition among ASEAN Special Economic Zones makes Nongsa Digital Park unique. The purpose of this study is to propose a planning concept for the development of the Special Economic Zone, Nongsa Digital Park, as a Digital Hub with potential for growth in Southeast Asia. This study employs qualitative methodologies, including interviews, observations, and visual analysis using Google Earth. It analyzes the policy framework of Nongsa Digital Park as a Digital Hub. Upon further investigation, this Special Economic Zone is supported by central government policies and spatial planning alignment. The zone has the potential for expansion due to the increasing demand for data centers and digital businesses.
The Role of Social Media, Tourism Facilities, and Blue Economy in Promoting Sustainable Marine Tourism: A Case Study of Benan Island Village
Authors: Iranita Iranita , Pratiwi Mirza Ayunda , Kusasi Firmansyah , Bin Harun Madzli
Published: October 2024

Integrating sustainable practices in marine tourism has become increasingly essential in promoting environmental stewardship and long- term economic benefits. This study explores how social media, tourism facilities, and the blue economy collectively influence visits to Benan Island Village, Indonesia. By employing a structural equation model (SEM), the research examines both direct and indirect relationships between variables. Results indicate that social media and tourism facilities significantly affect tourist visits, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating role of the blue economy. The findings suggest that promoting sustainable tourism practices, aligned with blue economy principles, not only attracts more visitors but also enhances their experience, fostering repeat visits. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital marketing strategies for sustainable tourism, offering practical implications for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to balance economic growth with environmental preservation in marine destinations.
Social Mapping in Batam City for Urban Development
Authors: Valentina Annissa , Arieta Siti , Samnuzulsari Tri , Setiandika Igiasi Teguh , Rahmawati Nanik
Published: October 2024

This study explores social mapping for urban communities with the aim of city development. The success of sustainable urban planning lies in achieving environmental, economic, and social sustainability in urban areas. However, the requirements for a socially sustainable city are still unclear. This paper aims to bridge the existing concept of urban social sustainability in its implementation in Batam City regarding socially sustainable urban planning. This study uses a qualitative approach. The purpose of collecting qualitative data is to explore social planning for communities in Batam City. Qualitative data collection uses in-depth interview procedures with the government and communities living in Batam City, both indigenous and immigrant communities. The selection of informants is based on a purposive sampling procedure, this is intended to explore research questions more deeply to informants in Batam City. This study contributes to the development of cross-disciplinary science in the social sciences, especially the Sociology of Development, where this scientific contribution is theoretically useful when the results of this study are published in the form of scientific publications.. In addition to publication outputs, this research is expected to be an academic contribution as a recommendation for policy makers, especially in development policies to understand sustainable urban planning through a social lens to obtain a complete picture of social sustainability scenarios and investigate how these themes can be addressed in future urban planning prospects.
Implementation of Model View Controller Architecture in Designing Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Curriculum Management Information System
Authors: Magfira Fortia , Matulatan Tekad , Fahmitra Novrizal Fattah , Irawan Feri , Herikson Rifaldi
Published: October 2024

The development of 21st century education demands the integration of practical and collaborative skills that are relevant to global needs, where the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) approach is the key to achieving measurable and clear learning outcomes. This study focuses on the design of an OBE-based curriculum management information system by implementing the Model View Controller (MVC) architecture and the Laravel framework which aims to overcome the constraints of manual curriculum management at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, which requires significant time to collect, organize, and analyze data, thus hampering lecturer productivity and interaction with students. The development of the system not only integrates various components of the OBE curriculum, but also creates a collaborative platform in curriculum management. Based on the results of the study that have gone through usability testing with the explorative test method, involving all sub-system designers and stakeholders, this system shows a high level of effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. Thus, this study is expected to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of OBE curriculum management, which contributes to improving the quality of education at the institution.
Blockchain Technology in Fisheries Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pratiwi Risdy Absari Indah , Fani Lastri Anggi , Kusasi Firmansyah
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology in enhancing the fisheries industry, focusing on traceability, sustainability, and economic efficiency. The fisheries sector plays a vital role in global food security but faces significant challenges, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, overfishing, and inefficiencies in supply chain management. This systematic literature review synthesizes existing research on blockchain applications in fisheries, highlighting its capacity to improve transparency and accountability throughout the supply chain. Blockchain’s immutable ledger and real-time data sharing can enhance traceability, allowing stakeholders to verify the origins of seafood products and ensure compliance with sustainability standards. Additionally, the technology can reduce transaction costs by eliminating intermediaries, thereby increasing profit margins for fishermen. Despite the numerous benefits, challenges such as integration with existing systems and the need for stakeholder collaboration must be addressed for successful implementation. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on blockchain in the fisheries sector and offers insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to leverage technology for sustainable practices.
Oceanographic Analysis for Optimal Lobster Artificial Reef Placement in Prigi Bay, East Java
Authors: Purbani Dini , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Wisha Ulung Jantama , Lesmana Salim Hadiwijaya , Wijaya Danu , Sugianti Yayuk
Published: October 2024

Oceanographic states are closely related to marine biota’s distribution and breeding patterns, especially in the intertidal zone. This study analyses the water quality variability and their relationship in the water of Prigi Bay. Water quality data was collected in situ using a Water Quality Checker. The statistical analyses were performed by applying PAST software version 4.11. The suitable waters with the best tendency value for the placement of lobster artificial reefs are stations 2 (Karang Gongso) and 4 (Damas). It is not only explained by salinity and turbidity but also by the ORP role, which has the solution potential to transfer electrons from oxidants to reductants, thus affecting the chemical processes. The high potential suitability at 2 locations is due to the concentration of a supportive environment with variability in ORP concentrations, having more potential for electron transfer, which significantly affects the attached benthic life as a pioneer for the reef. Salinity stability is safer from the impact of water mixing from the estuary. Parameter concentrations are more stable according to water temperature standards for coralline algae growth and are affected by turbidity and dissolved oxygen. In addition, other research is needed, such as social factors and fishermen’s activities.
The Impact of Product Quality, Service Quality and Price On Purchasing Decisions Of Processed Marine Products, Otak-Otak Sei Enam Bintan Regency Indonesia
Authors: Paramita Bunga , Jintar Catri , Iranita Iranita , Jalal Abdul , Wulandari Kiki , Hakimi Beizil
Published: October 2024

Product quality refers to a product’s physical characteristics as well as its nature and capacity for use. The degree of evaluation of an activity given by one party to another for the provision of goods or services is known as service quality. Price is a product or service’s exchange rate. When a buyer decides to buy a product, they examine a number of factors before making the purchase. This is known as purchasing behavior. Using a case study on Bu Yana’s otak-otak Sei Enam, this study seeks to ascertain the impact of pricing, product quality, and service quality on purchase decisions for Bintan Regency. In this work, quantitative research methodologies are employed. The individuals in Tanjungpinang City and Bintan Regency comprised the study’s population. The folks who had eaten Bu Yana’s otak-otak in Tanjungpinang City, Bintan Regency, served as the study’s sample. Research of this kind is quantitative in nature. The questionnaires provide the study’s main source of data. The findings indicated that, in part, neither price nor service quality had a significant impact on the decision to buy tcount > ttable (1,950 > 1.66088) with a significant value of 0.054 > 0.05, nor did they have a significant effect on tcount < ttable (1.449 < 1.66088) with a significant value of 0.151 > 0.05. Concurrently, the decision to buy is significantly influenced by the quality of the goods, the price, and the service, with Fcount > Ftable (22,329 > 2,699) and a sig value less than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05).
Fission technique on sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea): An alternative method for seed production
Authors: Muzahar Muzahar , Wulandari Rika , Putri Dwi Septiani , Yulianto Tri , Irawan Henky , Bakkara Okto Rimandi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the successive level of fission technique on several sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) in littoral zone of Madong Bay, Tanjungpinang. The fission technique was performed by tying the middle part of the sea cucumber’s body using a rubber band. Parameters observed were composed of: (a) the occurrence of autotomy on pre- and post-treatment period, (b) successive rate of fission technique (%), (c) fission duration, (d) survival rate on post-treatment period. All data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that: (1) Only gold sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus that could perform autotomy on post- treatment period, (2) The successive rate of fission technique on Stichopus chloronotus and Holothuria atra was 83.33% and 33.33%, respectively, while fission was absent on Holothuria scabra and Holothuria sp. (0%), (3) The fastest fission process was found on Stichopus chloronotus at 1.2 hours, after applying the fission technique at 24±2 hours and Holothuria atra was at 24-48 hours, (4) The survival rate on post-treatment period was 66.67% in Stichopus chloronotus and 41.67% in Holothuria atra, while Holothuria scabra was 66.67% and Holothuria sp. was 11.11%. Fission technique is more suitable for Stichopus chloronotus as an alternative method for seed supply in grow-out culture activities.
Survival strategies of marine mammals in extreme environments: A study of whales and seals
Authors: Aulia Chairunnisa , Maulina Jesica , Edelwis Tri Widya , Girace Joseph
Published: October 2024

Extreme environments, characterized by challenges such as sub-zero temperatures, limited sunlight and scarce resources, pose great challenges to organisms, including marine mammals. Marine mammals have evolved to live in extreme environments.These mammals are highly tolerant of cold and stress and can continue to breathe for long periods of time. The method used in this article is literature study by analyzing several articles. Marine mammals such as seals have a thick layer of fat. This adaptation reduces heat loss and helps maintain body temperature in cold environments. Cetaceans, like whales, have undergone fundamental morphological and molecular changes to adapt to the aquatic environment. Characteristic of these whales are their baleen plates and ability to communicate through vocal signals, forage socially, and migrate across much of the globe.
Identification of histon H2A protein and amino acid profiles gonggong sea snails (Leavistrombus turturella) as antimicrobial peptides candidate
Authors: Viruly Lily , Muzahar Muzahar , Nurilmala Mala
Published: October 2024

Previous study showed that Gonggong sea snail (GSS) meat extracts as natural antibiotic inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but the type of protein is not yet known. The characteristic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of gastropods are generally the histon H2A protein, which is consist of cationic (lysine, arginine) and hydrophobic (leucine, proline, alanine, phenylalanine, and valine) amino acids. This research aimed to explore of potency of GSS meat extract as alternative source of AMPs via amino acid profiles and identification of phylogenetic trees of the histone H2A proteins. The amino acid profiles were analysed using the HPLC. The phylogenetic tree of the histone H2A proteins were analyzed using the MEGA X. The histone H2A proteins of GSS were clustered with the histone H2A proteins from the other gastropods. The histon H2A protein of GSS had 80% similarity with the clade of Molluskin (histon H2A protein of Fiscus gracilis). They had 19-20 amino acids and were included in histone H2A protein as AMPs. The amino acid profiles of GSS had cationic, anionic and hydrophobic amino acid. These results can be used as the first information for developing AMPs from GSS meat extract in the field of natural preservative exploration and pharmaceutical.
Relative Abundance of Megabenthic Organisms in the Seagrass Ecosystem of Mantang Island, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Hikmat , Ma’mun Asep , Febrianto Try , Januarni Wisa , Aiin Noor
Published: October 2024

Seagrass ecosystems play a crucial role in coastal environments, providing essential habitats for the survival of various marine species. One significant group associated with these ecosystems is benthic organisms, which inhabit the ocean floor. This study aims to evaluate the relative abundance of megabenthic organisms in the seagrass ecosystem surrounding Mantang Island. Sampling was conducted at three stations. The results showed that seagrass cover in the waters of Mantang Island ranged from 25.5% to 40.31%, indicating a moderate level of seagrass coverage. Four main groups of megabenthic organisms were identified: Astropecten sp., Atrina pectinata, Strombus sp., and Trachycardium sp., with Strombus sp. exhibiting the highest relative abundance. These findings provide insight into the ecological health of the seagrass ecosystem in the region.
Religious and Maritime Cultural Integration of the Suku Laut in Riau Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Elsera Marisa , Wisadirana Darsono , Maksum Ali , Fatma Chawa Anif , Kanto Sanggar , Rozuli Ahmad Imron , Nurhadi Iwan , Casiavera Casiavera , Ariando Wengki
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to describe the integration of culture and religion in the Suku Laut community in the Riau Islands. Since the Indonesian government’s policy of settling the Suku Laut, there have been significant changes in all aspects of their lives. Their adaptation has partly changed their culture and partly maintained it by integrating culture and religion. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The informant selection technique was carried out by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews, documentation. The research was conducted in Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province. The research was conducted in Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province. The results of this study show that cultural integration in the Suku Laut causes changes and adjustments in values, beliefs and attitudes to be more in line with Malay culture. The integration of culture and religion in the Suku Laut can be seen in cultural adaptation, social adjustment, cultural exchange, and cultural mixing of the Suku Laut and the Malay Tribe. Cultural integration can encourage cultural preservation and sustainability of the Suku Laut if done with respect for the rights of the Suku Laut. But conversely, it can risk marginalisation and loss of traditional identity if done without a sensitive approach.
Trade Commodities and Economic Development in the Riau Islands (17th-19th Century)
Authors: Swastiwi Anastasia Wiwik , Arman Dedi , Alfiandri Alfiandri , Zulha Mimi Audia
Published: October 2024

The opening of the State of Riau (now Tanjungpinang Riau Islands) was part of the defense strategy when the old Johor Kingdom, which was still based on the Peninsula, lost the war with Jambi in 1672.The opening of the State of Riau on Bintan Island was a very important historical point in relation to the stages of history’s journey. for a long time in the following years. From a fort area that slowly turned into a trading port. This research uses historical methods, namely through 4 (four) stages, namely collecting sources (heuristics), internal and external criticism, interpretation and ending with historiography. This research concludes that Riau State also produces a number of commodities, mainly gambier, forest products in the form of wood, processed marine products, copra and sago. All of this is the main attraction factor for people coming to Riau. One of the commodities, namely gambier, produced by Riau, is the main income for the Riau economy.
The Lives of Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes (Panti Jompo): Social Dynamics, Well-Being, and Challenges in Later Life
Authors: Solina Emmy , Wisadirana Darsono , Kuswandoro Wawan Edi , Chawa Anif Fatma , Kanto Sanggar , Rozuli Ahmad Imron , Nurhadi Iwan
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the social dynamics, well-being, and challenges faced by elderly residents living in nursing homes. Using a qualitative approach, it explores the daily experiences of the elderly within the nursing home environment, including their social interactions with fellow residents, staff, and family members. The focus of this research is to understand how the elderly adapt to significant changes in their living environment and how social factors influence their emotional and physical well-being. The study also highlights the challenges faced by the elderly, such as feelings of loneliness, loss of independence, and limited access to healthcare facilities and social support. The findings of this research are expected to provide deeper insights into the needs and expectations of elderly residents in nursing homes and offer recommendations for policymakers and nursing home administrators to enhance the quality of life for the elderly. The conclusions emphasize the importance of creating an environment that fosters positive social interactions and provides holistic services to improve the well-being of the elderly in their later years.
Neutron-proton pairing in the unstable N=Z nuclei of the f-shell through two-nucleon transfer reactions
Authors: Assié M. , Jacob H. , Blumenfeld Y. , Girard-Alcindor V.
Published: October 2024

Pair transfer is a unique tool to study pairing correlations in nuclei. Neutron-proton pairing is investigated in the N=Z nuclei of the f-shell, through the reaction (p,3He) in inverse kinematics, that allows to populate at the same time the lowest J=0+, T=1 (isovector pairing) state and J=1+, T=0 (isoscalar pairing) state. Radioactive beams of 56Ni and 52Fe produced by fragmentation at the GANIL/LISE facility combined with particle and gamma-ray detection make it possible to carry out this study from 48Cr (mid-shell nucleus) to 56Ni (doubly-magic nucleus). The cross-sections were extracted and compared with second-order distorted-wave born approximation (DWBA) calculations performed with neutron-proton amplitudes obtained from shell model calculations with GXPF1 interaction. Very low cross-sections for the J=1+,T=0 state (isoscalar channel) were observed. The cross-section for 56Ni is one of order of magnitude lower than for 40Ca showing a strong reduction of the isoscalar channel in the f-shell as compared to the sd-shell. On the other hand, the increase of the cross-section towards the middle of the shell for the isovector channel points towards a possible superfluid phase.
Algebraic model studies of the structure and reactions of 12C and 16O
Authors: Fortunato Lorenzo
Published: October 2024

The role of algebraic models and geometric cluster models of alpha clusters in the structure of ground and first excited 0+ and second excited 2+ states in 12C are evaluated with the aim of establishing if the rotational bands are compatible with rigid structures or if they are instead overlaps of different configurations. A rigid equilateral triangle shape is assumed in Ref.[2, 3]: the energy spectrum, electromagnetic observables are calculated and the transition densities are compared with elastic and inelastic cross-sections for various processes. In a different approach [4, 5], we solve the three-body quantum problem for 3 alphas using the orthogonality condition and the stochastic variational method with correlated Gaussian basis functions. The two-body density distributions indicate that the main configurations of both the second 0+ and 2+ states are acute iscosceles triangle shapes with a 8Be(0+)+α configuration. We also find clues that the second 2+ state is probably not a member of the rigid rotational band built on the Hoyle state.
The 19F(p, α1,2) reaction studied via Trojan Horse Method in astrophysical range of interest
Authors: Vukman Nikola , Su Xuedou D. , Rapisarda Giuseppe Gabriele , Oliva Alessandro Alberto , La Cognata Marco , Mazzocco Marco , Palmerini Sara , Becherini Bernardo , Cherubini Silvio , Guardo Giovanni Luca , Gulino Marissa , Hayakawa Seiya , Indelicato Iolanda , Lamia Livio , Pizzone Rosario Gianluca , Puglia Sebastiana Maria , Romano Stefano , Spitaleri Claudio , Trippella Oscar , Tumino Aurora
Published: October 2024

The complex reaction network connected to the 19F stellar abundance is very sensitive to the physical condition in stars. To overcome difficulties present in the direct measurements, mainly the very low cross section in the astrophysical energy range due to the Coulomb repulsion, an indirect measurement of the 19F(p, α) reaction, with the Trojan Horse Method (THM), was performed at INFN-LNS. While the method had been successfully used to study α0 channel, in the present analysis focus was given to the α1,2 channels, where better knowledge of the reaction rates at low energies is required, obtainable by employing the THM method.
The Algebraic Cluster Model (8Be, 12C) and the Cluster Shell Model (13C, 7Be, 19F, 8Be)
Authors: Gai Moshe
Published: October 2024

Bijker and Iachello’s algebraic cluster model (ACM) and its extension to the cluster shell model (CSM), provides a new theoretical platform for the study of alpha-clustering in light nuclei. It led to the discovery of the D3h symmetry in 12C and 20Ne, with the discovery in 12C of a new g.s. rotational band with the spin sequence of, 0+, 2+, 3-, 4+/4- and 5-, including the predicted 4+ and 4- parity doublet. Applications of the CSM shell model to particle molecular orbits in 9Be and 13C (C2’ and D3h’ particle symmetries, respectively), lead us to conjecture molecular hole states in 7Be and 19F. We observe in these nuclei the predicted phenomenological structure. And we further consider conjectured p-h states in 8Be with the predicted phenomenological p-h structure of rotational band at high excitations of approximately 20 MeV. A search for these rotational band in 8Be was performed at ISOLDE.
On the cluster-shell coexistence
Authors: Cseh József
Published: October 2024

The cluster-shell coexistence is discussed from the viewpoint of the multiconfigurational dynamical symmetry, which is the common intersection of the shell, collective and cluster models for the multi major-shell problem.
Biological characteristics and functions of a novel glutamate dehydrogenase from Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Cheng Yong Kang , Zhang Yao , Zhang Zhao Yu , Cong Pei Kun , Feng Ji Yu , Zhang Ru , Long Shao Rong , Zhang Xi , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing
Published: October 2024

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays an important role in the metabolism of organisms. Its high abundance in mitochondria in particular highlights its core role in cellular physiological processes. GDH catalyzes the mutual conversion between L-glutamic acid and α-ketoglutaric acids. At the same time, this transformation is accompanied by the oxidation-reduction of NAD(H) or NADP(H). This process not only helps to link amino acid metabolism with sugar metabolism, but also helps maintain the balance of intracellular pH and nitrogen homeostasis. In this study, a novel Trichinella spiralis glutamate dehydrogenase (TsGDH) was cloned, expressed and identified. The results revealed that TsGDH was expressed at various stages of development of the nematode T. spiralis, with higher expression levels in the adult worm stage, and was mainly localized in the cuticle, muscular layer, stichosome and female intrauterine embryos. After RNAi treatment, larval natural TsGDH enzyme activity was obviously reduced, and metabolism, molting, growth and reproduction were also significantly inhibited. The results indicate that TsGDH plays an important role in the development and survival of T. spiralis, and it may be a potential molecular target of anti-Trichinella vaccines and drugs.
Analyzing the Social Communication of People with Traumatic Brain Injury: The Benefits of Hindsight, Technology Advances, and Professor Audrey Holland's Wisdom
Authors: Togher Leanne , Bogart Elise
Published: October 2024

Professor Audrey Holland is best known for her extraordinary contributions to the field of aphasia rehabilitation; however, for those working in the field of cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI), Audrey made seminal contributions to the conceptualization of language disturbances following TBI, setting the scene for a new era of investigation and discovery. This article describes Audrey's contributions which redefined communication disorders following TBI as being different from aphasia, leading to discourse and everyday communication being the gold standard for CCD assessment. Incorporating Professor Holland's influences, this article describes the advances made during the past two decades including the theoretical development of frameworks to inform clinical assessment; expert consensus guidelines that support the assessment of the individual in activities relating to their family life, their friends, their work, and their relationships; the policy from an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) perspective; advances in technology including the use of automated discourse measures; TBIBank; and main concept analysis. Professor Holland's profound impacts include the recognition that communication skills play a central role in maximizing all aspects of one's life.
The role of consumer-based brand equity on the prolongation of trademarks
Authors: Pfeifer Louisa M. , Schreiner Thomas F. , Sattler Henrik
Published: October 2024

Trademarks are an integral part of a firm’s brand equity. While extant research looked at the outcomes of trademarks, e.g., a firm’s financial valuation, profitability, and productivity, limited knowledge exists regarding the factors influencing a company’s decision to prolong or terminate trademarks. For the first time, the presented research investigates the effects of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) dimensions on the decision to prolong or terminate trademarks and how trademark characteristics and the level of regulation in a product category moderate these effects. Utilizing a unique dataset covering 25 countries and 56 product categories from 2001 to 2019, tracking 1,446 trademarks, this research establishes empirical evidence for CBBE’s critical role in trademark prolongations. The CBBE dimension relevant stature (reflecting brand knowledge, esteem, and relevance) positively affects trademark prolongation, whereas the CBBE dimension energized differentiation (reflecting brand uniqueness) negatively impacts trademark prolongation. Specifically, brand-association trademarks and trademark age attenuate the negative effect of energized differentiation on trademark prolongation. Moreover, low levels of regulation reduce the probability of trademark prolongation for brands scoring high on knowledge, esteem, and relevance. Vice versa, low levels of regulation increase the probability of trademark prolongation for highly differentiated brands. These results translate into important managerial implications.
Toward assessment of rupture risk predictors in abdominal aortic aneurysms including intraluminal thrombus based on 3D+t ultrasound images
Authors: Nievergeld Arjet , Fonken Judith , Maas Esther , Muller Jan-Willem , Thirugnanasambandam Mirunalini , van Sambeek Marc , Lopata Richard
Published: October 2024

Image-based patient-specific rupture risk analysis for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has shown considerable promise. However, clinical translation has been hampered by the use of invasive and costly imaging modalities. Despite being a promising alternative, ultrasound (US) makes a full analysis, including intraluminal thrombus (ILT), not trivial. This study explored the feasibility of assessing AAA rupture risk parameters, e.g., peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI), using US-based models of the AAA wall, finally including ILT. Three-dimensional US data were segmented from a group of AAA patients whose CT data were available within 30 days. The segmented vessel wall and ILT boundaries were converted into a mesh including and excluding ILT to evaluate the effect of adding ILT on the model output. US-based rupture risk parameters (PWS and PWRI) were compared to CT-based results. The US-based PWS and PWRI, including ILT, showed good agreement with CT-based results, and the model excluding ILT showed no significant bias in wall stress or rupture index. When including ILT, a lower US-based wall stress and rupture index of 7.2% and 3.8% were found, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of PWS was 0.60. The highest ICC was found for the PWRI (ICC = 0.86), indicating good absolute agreement. This study showed that PWRI can be estimated with US when including the ILT, yielding comparable results to CT, and good absolute agreement. Future work should focus on improving the contrast of ILT in US, since this will be essential to performing large-scale studies in AAA cohorts.
M/EEG source localization for both subcortical and cortical sources using a convolutional neural network with a realistic head conductivity model
Authors: Yokoyama Hikaru , Kaneko Naotsugu , Usuda Noboru , Kato Tatsuya , Khoo Hui Ming , Fukuma Ryohei , Oshino Satoru , Tani Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Nakazawa Kimitaka
Published: October 2024

While electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are well-established noninvasive methods in neuroscience and clinical medicine, they suffer from low spatial resolution. Electrophysiological source imaging (ESI) addresses this by noninvasively exploring the neuronal origins of M/EEG signals. Although subcortical structures are crucial to many brain functions and neuronal diseases, accurately localizing subcortical sources of M/EEG remains particularly challenging, and the feasibility is still a subject of debate. Traditional ESIs, which depend on explicitly defined regularization priors, have struggled to set optimal priors and accurately localize brain sources. To overcome this, we introduced a data-driven, deep learning-based ESI approach without the need for these priors. We proposed a four-layered convolutional neural network (4LCNN) designed to locate both subcortical and cortical sources underlying M/EEG signals. We also employed a sophisticated realistic head conductivity model using the state-of-the-art segmentation method of ten different head tissues from individual MRI data to generate realistic training data. This is the first attempt at deep learning-based ESI targeting subcortical regions. Our method showed excellent accuracy in source localization, particularly in subcortical areas compared to other methods. This was validated through M/EEG simulations, evoked responses, and invasive recordings. The potential for accurate source localization of the 4LCNNs demonstrated in this study suggests future contributions to various research endeavors such as the clinical diagnosis, understanding of the pathophysiology of various neuronal diseases, and basic brain functions.
Antibonding valence states induce low lattice thermal conductivity in metal halide semiconductors
Authors: Ubaid Mohammad , Acharyya Paribesh , Maharana Suneet K. , Biswas Kanishka , Pal Koushik
Published: October 2024

Reduction of phonon mediated thermal transport properties, i.e., lattice thermal conductivity (κL), of semiconductors can strongly affect the performance of thermoelectrics and optoelectronics. Although extrinsic routes to reduce κL have been achieved through selective scattering of phonons via doping, alloying, and hierarchical nano-structuring, semiconductors with intrinsically low κL have recently gained widespread attention due to their ability to decouple electronic and phonon transports. While innate low κL in crystalline semiconductors is a desired requirement to achieve high performance thermoelectrics, the solar upconversion efficiency of photovoltaics based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been shown to increase due to their ultralow κL through the hot-phonon bottleneck effect. Therefore, understanding the microscopic mechanisms underlying ultralow κL in crystalline semiconductors is extremely important. Several structural factors that are intrinsic to a material have been shown to strongly influence the reduction of κL. Among them, the presence of rattling atoms, lone-pair electrons, and large lattice anharmonicity have been widely studied. Here, we bring out yet another largely unexplored intrinsic characteristic of materials related to the filled antibonding valence states (AVS) near the Fermi level, which are shown to induce low κL in crystalline compounds. We focus our review on an emerging class of compounds–metal halide semiconductors including MHPs and investigate the interplay between structures, chemical bonding and κL, carefully curating from literature a list of 33 compounds having different structure dimensionality with known κL. We established a universal connection between the elastic moduli, speeds of sound, and κL with the presence of AVS just below the Fermi level. We found that large peak in the AVS correlates positively with lower values of elastic moduli, speeds of sound, and κL, providing antibonding states based design criteria of low-κL compounds. Furthermore, we discuss different synthesis strategies, which are crucial for experimental realization of ultralow κL through structure manipulation. Additionally, we outline how chemical bonding data can be utilized in machine learning models for predictive modeling of κL. We hope that our approach of understanding low-κL through the viewpoint of chemical bonding theory would encourage exploration of phonon transport properties in other families of materials having filled AVS that can provide further insights on the structure-bonding-property relationships aiding novel materials design approaches.