bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating an Organizational Crisis
Authors: Hutson Harry , Johnson Martha
Published: February 2024

How are leaders facing a crisis supposed to handle and overcome an unknowable set of issues? This book demonstrates how effective leaders under pressure work from an understanding of the situation at hand and of their impact on others, and explains how leaders can best apply their internal strengths.

Most leaders are steeped in risk management, crisis response tactics, readiness for disaster, continuity-of-operations planning, and logistical and agility capabilities. These preparations are critical but not complete. The reality is that even experienced leaders themselves need guidance when it comes to managing a crisis. This standout book fills that need, drawing on interviews with successful leaders; research findings on trauma, neuroscience, and crisis management; and the authors’ own extensive career experiences. The chapters suggest and probe ideas from various angles rather than promoting simplistic formulas or nostrums that are unlikely to apply to all circumstances and present new angles on self-awareness and management under pressure for the practitioner.

The book leads off with a description of organizational disaster and crisis leadership—topics of considerable concern as disasters are becoming the “new normal.” The authors then explore three critical but very different types of responses by leaders at such a time: recognition and response, care of self and others, and storytelling. A detailed case study of a leader in the midst of Hurricane Katrina—the most expensive natural disaster in U.S. history—provides readers with a real-world practicum for the theories and ideas suggested.
The New Religious Movements Experience in America
Authors: Gallagher Eugene V.
Published: February 2024

Wherever and whenever they appear, new religious movements always produce conflict. Even as they attract members who enthusiastically embrace their innovative teachings, new religions often provoke strongly negative reactions—often because they challenge established notions of proper religious action, belief, and morality. Opponents of new religious movements often brand them as cults and urge their fellow citizens, their own religions, and even the government to take action against what they see as suspicious and potentially dangerous movements; the members often complain that their motives have been misconstrued and argue that their groups are unfairly persecuted. The New Religious Movements Experience in America outlines the conflict between representatives of the status quo and new religions and examines how these groups appear both to their members and to their cultural opponents.

This work is ideal for anyone—students, parents, and teachers—who wish to gain a deeper understanding of new religious movements in America. New religions have always been part of the American religious landscape, and this book moves beyond the contemporary period to discuss examples of new religions that have originated, survived or died, and sometimes prospered throughout U. S. history. Among the groups discussed are the Mormons, the Peoples Temple, the Branch Davidians, Spiritualism, Theosophy, the Church Universal and Triumphant, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, the followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Soka Gakkai, the Nation of Islam, Wiccans and neo-Pagans, the Church of Satan, the Church of Scientology, Heaven's Gate, and the Raelians. The New Religious Movements Experience in America includes a glossary and a list of resources for those interested in doing further research on the experience of the followers of new religions.
Online Health and Safety
Authors: Schell Bernadette H.
Published: February 2024

This book explores 10 unique facets of Internet health and safety, including physical safety, information security, and the responsible use of technology, offering takeaways from interviews with experts in the field and suggestions for proactively improving users' Internet safety.

The Internet has become for many people—especially students and young adults—an essential and intrinsic part of their lives. It makes information available to be shared worldwide, at any time; enables learning about any topic; and allows for instantaneous communication. And it provides endless entertainment as well. But the benefits of online access are accompanied by serious potential risks.

This book covers the key elements of Internet health and safety, including physical safety, information security, and the responsible use of technology. It begins with an introductory essay that gives readers the necessary conceptual framework, and then explains specific topics such as cyberbullying, file sharing, online predators, Internet fraud, and obscene and offensive content. The book also answers readers' questions in a "Q & A" section with a subject expert and includes a directory of resources that provides additional information and serves as a gateway to further study.
Organizing Information in School Libraries
Authors: Houston Cynthia
Published: February 2024

Covering both classification and cataloging principles as well as procedures relevant to school libraries, this book provides a teaching kit for a course on this critical subject that includes content and practice exercises.

A valuable resource for instructors in LIS programs who teach courses in cataloguing with an emphasis on school libraries, this textbook explains the nuts and bolts of classification and cataloging as well as the functionality of integrated library systems and how these systems critically serve the mission of the school. Author Cynthia Houston covers Web 2.0 and the social networking features of these systems as well as examining in detail the principles and procedures for subject classification using Sears subject headings or Dewey Decimal Classification using the Sears tool.

This teaching tool kit addresses the cataloging of print materials, audiovisual materials, and electronic materials separately—but all within the specific context of the school library. It supplies a number of examples and exercises to reinforce the key concepts and skills as well as to demonstrate the real-world applications of learning concepts and procedures. Based directly on Houston's extensive experience in teaching classification and cataloging courses, the included content and practice exercises enable instructors to use this book for content, for instruction, and for providing student feedback.
The Origins of Conflict in Afghanistan
Authors: Roberts Jeffery
Published: February 2024

Focusing on Afghanistan's relations with the West during the latter half of the 20th century, this study offers new insights on the long-term origins of the nation's recent tragedies. Roberts finds that, since the 1930s in particular, Afghanistan pursued policies far more complex, and considerably more pro-Western, than previous studies have surmised. By the end of the Second World War, Britain and Afghanistan seemed headed toward an extensive partnership in military and economic affairs. Opportunities to cement Afghanistan to the West existed, but ultimately ran afoul of regional politics, shortsighted policy, and indifference.

The rise of the Indian nationalist movement and the eventual partition of India would have strategic ramifications for Afghanistan. Pakistan and India, weakened and poised against each other, saw no reason to aid the Kabul regime, leaving only the United States as a potential benefactor. Successive American administrations, however, denied most Afghan requests. When the Eisenhower administration extended support to Pakistan, it alienated Afghan leaders, who then chose to broker a deal with the Soviet Union. Roberts analyzes recent American policy toward Afghanistan and its neighbors, clarifying the current situation and offering guidelines for future relations.
Our Runaway and Homeless Youth
Authors: Slesnick Natasha
Published: February 2024

The stories of four among hundreds of runaway youths treated in Slesnick's program illustrate points in this volume, which offers a summary of the information known about runaway and homeless children and teenagers. In addition to describing the breadth of this problem, this book explains different types of runaway and homeless youths, and why they leave home by choice or are asked to leave. Slesnick also explains some of the factors common to these children and their families, as well as what happens to the youths when they leave home. Direction and support are provided for parents from this clinical psychologist, who notes that there are few resources and programs across the nation designed specifically to help families with runaway youths.

Told by a parent and three runaways themselves, the stories of four people trying to understand the causes and cope with the afte- effects of running away serve to illustrate research results and issues presented here. This work will be of interest not only to parents of runaways and to mental health professionals, but also to students of adolescent psychology, family psychology, and clinical child psychology.
Outstanding in Their Field
Authors: Ghaffari Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

In a book businesswomen can rally around and use as a manual, an expert in female board representation shows what it takes to get nominated to a corporate board and become a productive and respected member.

This book blazes a trail. Rather than focusing on lack of opportunity or loudly calling for the appointment of more women to boards, it simply shows women what they can do to get on boards. In its pages, businesswomen will gain refreshing insights into the many opportunities that exist for them to rise to leadership.

The result of two years’ research and interviews, the book identifies specific steps a woman can take to become qualified and competent to serve at the very top—as a director on a for-profit corporate board. Arguing that women need to “learn from the leaders,” the author lets 15 female directors tell the truth about how to find a seat at the table. Each story is different; no one path or decision worked for every woman. Their advice closes each chapter, providing encouragement and perspective from over three decades of practical experience with public company boards.
Pachamama Tales
Authors: Martin Paula , MacDonald Paula Read
Published: February 2024

A bilingual collection of enchanting folk tales from the peoples of Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, and Paraguay, accompanied by historical and geographical background as well as color photographs.

Containing numerous tales that have never before appeared in an English-language children's story collection, this book presents many of author Paula Martín's favorite stories from her many years of experience in storytelling around the world and particularly in South America. It stands as a unique folklore and storytelling resource that will give readers a better understanding of life and culture in the southern part of South America.

Readers of all ages will delight in entertaining stories about animals, plants and trees, musical instruments, lost places, fantastic creatures, and witches and devils. This collection also includes never-ending tales, sky stories, and folk tales about fools. The book provides related cultural information about the lands where these stories originated as well as the people who tell these tales, traditional games of South America, and recipes for regional food items that can go hand in hand with the stories.
Pisagor Bulanık Kümelere Entegre AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemleri ile Uçak Tipi Seçiminin Optimizasyonu: Havayolu İşlemeleri İçin Model Önerisi
Authors: Tezcan Mevlüt Coşkun
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışma ile havayolu işletmeleri için geniş gövde yolcu uçak tipi seçim kararının optimize edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Havayollarında birbirine yakın kapasite ve teknik özelliklerdeki uçak tipleri arasından hangisi veya hangilerinin seçilerek satın alma kararı oldukça farklı açılardan incelenmesi gereken, zaman alıcı ve karmaşık bir problemdir. Bir uçak tipi bir yönden üstün gelirken diğeri farklı bir yönden üstün gelebilmektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda birden fazla kriteri, verilen önem sırasına göre aynı anda dikkate alarak alternatifler arasında sıralama yapmaya olanak sağlayan modellere yönelmek faydalı olmaktadır. Bu tip uçak seçimi ya da uçak seçim kriterlerini önceliklendirme problemleri incelendiğinde literatürde sıklıkla çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) modellerinin tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da aynı bakış açısıyla ÇKKV problemi olarak düşünülen uçak tipi seçimi, belirsizliklerin ve sözel değerlendirmelerin daha iyi modellenebilmesine imkan tanıyan bulanık mantık ile birleştirilmiş ve bir bulanık ÇKKV problemi olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda bulanık kümelere görece yeni bir yaklaşım olan Pisagor Bulanık Kümeler ile Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve İdeal Çözüme Benzerlik Yoluyla Tercih Sıralaması (TOPSIS) hibrit modeli üzerinde çalışılmış ve 6 kriter ile 8 alternatif uçak arasında seçim yapılmıştır. Uygulama iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada çalışmaya dahil edilen 3 uzman karar verici tarafından AHP anketi doldurularak aralık değerli Pisagor bulanık AHP yöntemiyle kriterlerin ağırlıkları hesaplanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise aynı karar vericilerin değerlendirmeleri ve aralık değerli Pisagor bulanık TOPSIS metodolojisi ile alternatifler sıralanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Airbus A350-1000 tipi uçak ideal çözüme en yakın alternatif olarak belirlenmiştir.
ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЗАДАЧИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ГЕТЕРОГЕННОЙ СЕТИ РАДИОДОСТУПА
Authors: Сыдыбаева Мадина , Картбаев Тимур , Ескендірова Дамелі , Тогжанова Күлжан
Published: February 2024

В статье рассмотрена построения эффективной беспроводной сети, при включении заданных параметров, проанализированы состояния сети, возможность переключения между различными типами беспроводных сетей по критерию равномерности загрузки. Показанные решения позволят упростить задачу оперативного оповещения населения при чрезвычайных ситуациях, а также для оптимизации эвакуации людей из зоны чрезвычайной ситуации. В подобных ситуациях увеличивается количество вызовов экстренной помощи и беспроводные сети максимально загружаются. Для того, чтобы беспроводные сети смогли без особых усилий выполнять свою работу, необходимо правильно и равномерно распределять их по базовым станциям и точками доступа.
Reduced Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic rats by Lannea coromandelica Leaf Extract
Authors: Vasantha Galanki , Dayakar Ch , Vasudha D , Tejolahari Iragavarapu , Chandrika S Bala
Published: February 2024

Objectives: An important contributor to end-stage renal failure globally is diabetic kidney disease. The current study looked at the safeguarding results of an infusion of Ethanol from Lannea coromandelica houtt leaves (ELCL)in diabetic kidney disease that was caused by streptozotocin with the intention to treat diabetic nephropathy, creating supportive and substitute medicine is necessary. The development of DN may be slowed down by itsanti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant qualities. The novelity lies in the plant selection for the study. Methods: Streptozotocin (45mg/kg, i.p.) was administered as a single dosage to rats to induce diabetes. During 8 weeks, oral dosages of ELCL (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg.) were given to rodents with STZ diabetes. Blood sugar amounts and body and kidney weights were measured at the conclusion of the trial period. The parameters of serum and urine were evaluated. The kidney levels of lipid peroxide and antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Results: In STZ-diabetic rats and rats treated with extract, ethylacetate extract dramatically raised body weight and decreased blood glucose, blood urea levels, blood nitrogen levels, and the creatinine levels. All kidney antioxidants, including glutathione synthetase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and NAD(P) H dehydrogenase [quinone]1 were highly upregulated by the extract. Conclusion: According to research, ELCL may have antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-glycation properties that could slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Metal-Complex Inks for Lower Cost and Improved Passivation for Silicon Photovoltaic Metallization
Authors: Young David L. , Nemeth William , Page Matthew , Kaupa Markus , Guthrey Harvey , Theingi San , LeMieux Melbs
Published: February 2024

This contribution introduces the silicon PV community to screen-printable metal-complex inks that potentially will reduce Ag usage in Si PV metallization to one-quarter and costs to one-third that of traditional particle-based pastes while also improving passivation. Metal-complex inks are formulated using a Tollen’s reaction to produce inks with a high percentage of diamminesilver (I) cations (22 wt %) in a solution of acetate and formate anions. When printed and dried, labile ammonia ligands evaporate, leaving behind silver cations which, when reduced by formate anions and acetic acid, plate out silver and silver acetate. When annealed to just 300 °C a dense metallic silver film forms with excellent conductivity, and adhesion to silicon. When compared to traditional particle-based screen-printing pastes, the metal-complex inks are much denser, have higher conductivity, use less Ag, and are a fraction of the cost. Importantly, the inks anneal from 90 – 450 °C allowing for improved passivation schemes compared with fired SiNx. This contribution highlights first experiments on the improved passivation of metallized poly-Si/SiO2 passivated contacts using metal-complex Ag inks.
Investigation of Contact Resistivities on APCVD (p) Poly-Si for Fired Passivating Contacts
Authors: Okker Tobias , Glatthaar Raphael , Huster Frank , Hahn Giso , Cela Greven Beatriz , Seren Sven , Terheiden Barbara
Published: February 2024

We investigate the properties of boron doped polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) applied to fired passivating contacts (FPC), where no high temperature annealing takes place apart from the contact firing step. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the APCVD poly-Si is already partially crystallized directly after deposition and the crystallite size further increases during firing. Without metallization an implied open circuit voltage of up to 719 mV is achieved. Screen-printing with an Ag paste yields minimal contact resistivities of down to 1 mΩcm² at high firing temperatures. Furthermore, thicker poly-Si layers, accomplished by driving the same wafer multiple times through the APCVD system, generally correspond to lower contact resistivities for the FPC. This can partly be explained by an increasing crystallinity and conductivity during deposition due to the higher thermal budget during deposition for thicker layers as well as by a larger contact area for thicker poly-Si layers. Scanning electron microscopy on sample cross-sections show that almost the entire poly-Si layer is covered with Ag crystallites at high firing temperatures. For lower temperatures a lower density of Ag crystallites in the poly-Si is visible. Both findings hold for planar and textured surfaces.
Towards >25% Efficiency of Passivating-Contact Solar Cells in Mass Production
Authors: Lee Benjamin , Stenzel Florian , Albrecht Ralf , Baer Carsten , Ballmann Tabitha , Cieslak Janko , Duncker Klaus , Faulwetter-Quandt Björn , Fertig Fabian , Fischer Markus , Höger Ingmar , Hönig Rene , Hörnlein Stefan , Hübener Kati , Jarzembowski Enrico , Junghänel Matthias , Kaiser Michael , Kauert Maximilian , Ke Cangming , Kersten Friederike , Kim Kyunghun , Klenke Christian , Köhler Matthias , Kristensen Sissel , Kwon Ohjin , Lantzsch Ronny , Mette Ansgar , Neumann Yvonne , Niebergall Larissa , Peters Stefan , Petter Kai , Ploigt Hans-Christoph , Pohl-Hampel Britta , Queck Martina , Rudolph Tomasz , Schaper Martin , Scharf Jessica , Schley Michael , Schönmann Antje , Schulz Susanne , Schütze Matthias , Schwabedissen Axel , Weihrauch Anika , Wieczorek Tino , Müller Jörg
Published: February 2024

We report efficiencies of >24% being consistently achieved in mass-production of passivating-contact solar cells. Furthermore, the certified efficiency of cells from our pilot line has reached 25.3% with 730 mV open-circuit voltage. An analysis of the cell performance, including simulations, shows that the cells’ rear-side is nearly ideal, while there remains potential for further optimization of the front emitter and passivation.
Investigation on the Long-Term Stability of AlOx/SiNy:H and SiNy:H Passivation Layers During Illuminated Annealing at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Geml Fabian , Mehler Melanie , Herguth Axel , Hahn Giso , Sanz Alonso Sarah
Published: February 2024

Most crystalline Si based solar cells, e.g. passivated emitter and rear cells, rely on SiNy:H and AlOx/SiNy:H passivation layers. In this work, the long-term behavior of minority charge carrier lifetime in such symmetrically passivated samples during illuminated annealing at elevated temperatures is investigated by means of photoconductance decay based lifetime measurements, corona charging and capacitance voltage measurements. Thereby, AlOx layers, which are known to reduce H in-diffusion due to their barrier properties, deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition as well as by atomic layer deposition were considered enabling a comparison of different deposition techniques. The frequently published behavior of the bulk related degradation could be confirmed and the qualitative correlation between maximum defect density and the changing total amount of H in the Si bulk due to the barrier properties of the individual layers dielectric layers could be shown. Furthermore, for the subsequently observed degradation accelerated by a treatment at higher temperatures, literature indicates degradation to be caused by surface related degradation. Investigations on field effect passivation during degradation by means of corona charging and CV measurements showed a large drop in fixed negative charges in the passivation layer stacks.
Níveis de nitritos, nitratos e sorbatos em queijos curados, comercializados na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Silveira Neusa Vitoria V. , Yabiku Helena Y. , Duarte Marilda , Takahashi Mickiko Y. , Chicourel Elizabeth L.
Published: February 2024

Foram realizadas determinações de nitritos, nitratos e sorbatos em 112 amostras de queijos curados adquiridos nos supermercados da cidade de São Paulo, correspondendo às diferentes formas: ralados, fatiados e em pedaços. Das 112 amostras analisadas, 81 (72,32%) não apresentaram nitritos e nitratos. Oito (7,14%) apresentaram presença de nitrato das quais uma estava acima do limite permitido pela legislação brasileira e nas demais 23 amostras, os níveis de nitritos e nitratos estavam abaixo do limite de detecção do método que é de 10 mg/kg (ppm). Em relação aos sorbatos, do total das amostras analisadas, 60 eram de queijo ralado e destas, 46 (76,66%) apresentaram níveis de sorbatos acima do limite permitido pela legislação brasileira.
Caracterização histológica das folhas e dos frutos de Rubus rosaefolius Smith (amora do mato)
Authors: Jorge Luzia Ilza Ferreira , Markman Blanca Elena Ortega
Published: February 2024

Folhas e frutos de Rubus rosaefolius Smith foram estudadas anatomicamente com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para a identificação da espécie. As folhas são compostas e os folíolos têm margens duplamente denteadas. Apresentam como anexos epidérmicos: um tricoma tector unícelular de aproximadamente 400 µm de comprimento, e dois tipos de tricomas glandulares, um de cabeça esférica e outro de cabeça lenticular, sendo ambos pluricelulares. Drusas ocorrem mais abundantemente nas folhas do que nos frutos. As sépalas têm farta cobertura pilosa sobre a epiderme superior. Os frutos não contêm amido.
Aflatoxinas, Ocratoxina A e Zearalenona em alimentos para consumo animal no sul do Brasil- Parte II
Authors: Baldissera Maria Antonieta , Santurio Janio M. , Canto Samira H. , Pranke Patricia H. , Almeida Carlos Alberto A. , Schimidt Cleusa
Published: February 2024

Os metabõlítos tóxicos Aflatoxinas (AFL) Bl, B2, G1 e G2, são produzidos por linhagens de fungos Aspergillus flavus e A. parasiticus, Ocratoxina A (OCT) produzida por A. ochraceus e várias espécies de Penicillium e a Zearalenona (ZEA) pelo Fusarium graminearum. Estas micotoxinas foram pesquisadas em 519 amostras de diferentes substratos constituídos especialmente de milho e ração balanceada, além de outros produtos utilizados na alimentação animal como arroz, sorgo, farelo de trigo e colza, provenientes do Brasil e uma amostra da Argentina durante o período compreendido entre os anos de 1987-1991. Foi empregado o método SOARES & RODRIGUES-AMA YA para extração e quantificação das micotoxinas, com limites de detecção de 4, 5, 60 p.p.b. para Aflatoxinas, Ocratoxina A e Zearalenona, respectivamente. Em 68,59% das amostras não foram detectadas estas micotoxinas, mas 24,86% das amostras positivas estavam contaminadas por Aflatoxinas, 1,73% por Ocratoxina A e 4,82% das amostras estavam contaminadas por Zearalenona. O nível máximo de contaminação por Aflatoxinas foi de 1906 p.p.b., de 745 p.p.b. por Ocratoxina A e de 4982 p.p.b. por Zearalenona. Frente aos resultados obtidos, sugere-se o monitoramento constante destas micotoxinas, principalmente Aflatoxinas, por parte da indústria e a atenção dos produtores de aves e suínos, pois estas micotoxinas comprometem a saúde animal e, por conseqüência, o desempenho produtivo destes animais.
Composição centesimal, de ácidos graxos e valor calórico de cinco espécies de peixes marinhos nas diferentes estações do ano
Authors: Badolato Lza Schwarz Gastaldo , Carvalho José Byron de , Mello Márcia Regina P. do Amaral , Tavares Mário , Campos Norberto Camilo , Aued-Pimentel Sabria , Morais Cleso de
Published: February 2024

Foi estudada a influência da variação sazonal na composição centesimal, de ácidos graxos e no valor calórico de 20 amostras de filés e 20 de carnes separadas mecanicamente (polpas) das seguintes espécies de peixes marinhos dentre as mais comercializadas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: corvina (Micropogon furnieri), goete (Cynoscion petranus), peixe-porco (Balistes carolinensis), sardinha-verdadeira (Sardinella brasiliensis} e tainha (Mugil spp.). As amostras foram constituídas de 500 g de filés sem pele e de 500 g de polpas de cada peixe, sendo 50 indivíduos por espécie em cada estação do ano, procedentes da mesma área de captura. Do ponto-de-vista nutricional, os maiores teores de lipídios e valor calórico foram apresentados pelos filés e polpas de sardinha-verdadeira no inverno, ao passo que os valores mais altos de protídios foram verificados nos filés e polpas de tainha, no inverno e no outono, respectivamente. Já os menores valores nestes três parâmetros foram obtidos com os filés e polpas de corvina, principalmente na primavera. Quanto à umidade, as maiores porcentagens foram encontradas nos filés e polpas de corvina; com relação às cinzas, os maiores teores foram apresentados pelos filés e polpas de sardinha-verdadeira, em todos os casos na primavera. Em nenhuma das amostras analisadas foi detectada a presença de carboidratos, confirmando o referido na literatura. Relativamente aos ácidos graxos, foi observada a presença de um grande número deles, superior a 20, em todas as espécies estudadas, variando de C 12:0 a C 22:6, sete dos quais responsáveis por mais de 50% do total (C 16:0, C 16:1, C 18:0, C 18:1, C 20:4, C 20:5 e C 22:6). De um modo geral, não houve variação significativa na composição dos ácidos graxos que diferenciasse os filés das polpas. Para cada espécie analisada ocorreram variações nas porcentagens dos ácidos graxos nas diferentes estações do ano; entretanto, não foi observado um comportamento padrão para estação. Tendo em vista os benefícios atribuídos à ingestão dos ácidos eicosapentaenóico (C 20:5) e docosahexaenóico (C 22:6) na terapia de doenças cardiovasculares, foi destacada a presença de ambos nos óleos das espécies estudadas. O peixe-porco apresentou a maior somatória dos dois ácidos (filé, de 27,6 a 37,0 g/100 g; polpa, de 33,0 a 36,5 g/100g), seguido da sardinha-verdadeira (filé, de 23,7 a 33,3 g/100g; polpa, de 24,1 a 34,1 g/100g).
Contaminação de amendoim e seus produtos comercializados na região de Campinas, SP, por aflatoxinas durante o ano de 1994
Authors: Brigido Berenice Mandel , Badolato Maria Irene C. , Freitas Valéria P. Silva
Published: February 2024

Foram analisadas 66 amostras de diferentes procedências, sendo 36 de amendoim e 30 de produtos de amendoim da região de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, no ano de 1994, para determinação de aflatoxinas Bl' B2' G), G, por cromatografia em camada delgada. Em 51 % das amostras não foram detectadas estas aflatoxinas; 2% destas apresentaram teores de aflatoxinas B)+G) menor ou igual a 30 ug/Kg e 47% continham teores acima do limite tolerado pela legislação brasileira (30 ug/Kg); numa faixa de contaminação de 28 a 997 flg/Kg para aflatoxina B 1 e 14 a 149 ug/Kg para aflatoxina G).
Estudo comparativo entre diferentes parâmetros utilizados no controle da qualidade de materiais elastoméricos para uso em equipamentos odonto-médico-hospitalares
Authors: Cecília Rosa Depieri Nunes Maria , Rosa da Silva de Alcantara Maria , Sadocco Pascuet Neus , Rosa Ribeiro Eliani , Tieco Fukushima Murata Lúcia , Braghini Neto César
Published: February 2024

Foram analisadas 22 amostras de materiais elastoméricos para uso em equipamentos odonto-médico-hospitalares por três regulamentos técnicos: legislação brasileira - Portaria 23/64, que estabelece testes padronizados para avaliar a qualidade de embalagens e equipamentos para produtos farmacêuticos em geral; norma alemã - DTN58367, de 1986 e FarmacopéiaAmericana -USP XXII edição, que estabelecem testes específicos para materiais elastoméricos. Os resultados demonstraram que foram aprovadas respectivamente: 18,2 %,31,8% e 13,6 % das amostras, quando analisadas por estas três metodologias. Em todos os casos, a porcentagem de aprovação foi muito baixa, e portanto a qualidade das mesmas não é satisfatória. Este estudo tem corno objetivo, além de efetuar um levantamento sobre a qualidade destes produtos, sugerir que seja elaborada, pelos órgãos competentes do Ministério da Saúde, urna legislação nacional específica para o controle destes materiais.
Avaliação da qualidade de comprimidos revestidos e soluções orais de sulfato ferros o utilizados no tratamento de anemia ferropriva
Authors: Arcon Batistic Mônica , Tirico Auricchio Mariangela , Elena Ortega Markman Blanca
Published: February 2024

Foram analisados 41 medicamentos à base de sulfato ferroso apresentados na forma de solução e comprimidos revestidos e encaminhados pelo SUS-SP, como análises fiscais, para controle da qualidade. Das 41 amostras analisadas, 15(37%) n50 atenderam às especificações de qualidade quanto ao teor de sulfato ferros o e de ácido ascórbico (presente em algumas amostras em associação com o sulfato ferroso), quanto aos aspectos fannacotécnicos e quanto ao rótulo. Em função da importância do uso tcrapêutico destes medicamentos no combate às anemias ferroprivas, principalmente em crianças, adolescentes e mulheres em idade fértil, é fundamental que se estabeleçam programas de monitoramento de controle de qualidade para garantir a eficácia dos mesmos.
Penerapan Media Pop-Up Book Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Mi Al-Abrar Kota Makassar Pada Materi Bangun Datar
Authors: Firdaus Andi Mulawakkan , Herwandi Herwandi
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying pop-up book media on student learning outcomes in class IV material at MI Al-Abrar, Makassar City. This research uses a type of experimental research with a Quasi Experimental Design research design. The sample for this research was class IV A with 34 students as the experimental class and class IV B with 26 students as the control class. This research uses descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Learning outcomes can be seen from the experimental class posttest results, which have an average of 80.29, which is very different from the control class posttest results with an average of 64.42. The results of this research hypothesis obtained tcount > ttable or 6.220 > 2.00172 and the sig (2-tailed) value obtained was 0.000 then 0.000 < 0.05 so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is an influence of the application of pop-up book media on student learning outcomes in material on flat figures for class IV students at MI Al-Abrar, Makassar City. Through the data obtained, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of pop-up book media on student learning outcomes in the material of flat shapes for class IV students at MI Al-Abrar, Makassar City. The influence of pop-up book media can also be seen from students' learning activities during the learning process. Observation results mean the percentage of student learning activities in the experimental class was 73%, while in the control class it was 49%. So it can be concluded that the activity of experimental class students in the learning process of applying pop-up book media is more active compared to control class students.
Xinjiang on the New Silk Road: Kyrgyzstan's Energy and China's Manufacturing Foreign Trade
Authors: Shu Maolun , Chen Yuhang
Published: February 2024

Located in the northwest of China, Xinjiang plays a key role as an important node of the New Silk Road. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of Xinjiang's geographical position, economic development, infrastructure construction, cultural exchange and energy resources in this initiative. First of all, Xinjiang's geographical advantages make it a key link between China and Central Asia, Europe and other places, providing a convenient channel for promoting international trade and logistics. Secondly, large-scale infrastructure investment, such as high-speed railway, highway and port construction, has improved Xinjiang's trade and logistics capabilities, and also brought economic growth and employment opportunities. In addition, Xinjiang's multi-culture and ethnic characteristics promote cross-border cultural exchanges and create opportunities for understanding and cooperation between different cultures. Finally, Xinjiang's abundant energy resources are of strategic significance to China's energy economy and help to ensure the country's energy security. This study emphasizes the key position of Xinjiang in the Silk Road, and its positive role in regional economic integration and cooperation, which provides useful insights for further discussion on this issue.
The Operational Management Model for the Provision of Rural Drinking Water in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Yu Jiachen
Published: February 2024

For the problems of "emphasizing construction over management" and the lack of long-term management mechanism of rural drinking water projects in China, this paper investigated and analyzed the management mode of rural water supply projects in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, and summarized the project operation and management experience from the aspects of project construction, water quality assurance, water price pricing and water fee collection, "digital" platform construction, supervision and management. It provides case experience for the construction plan, operation and implementation management of village and town water supply projects in other cities and regions,which would be beneficial for studying the long-term operation management mechanism of rural drinking water safety projects in China.
Status Quo of the Human Rights Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Countermeasures for Legal Improvement
Authors: Wang Tianyu
Published: February 2024

As economic globalisation took shape, the establishment of transnational corporations (TNCs) expanded rapidly. Transnational corporations bring huge benefits to the economy, However, the principle of trade liberalisation, with its preoccupation with profit maximisation, ignores the human rights obligations that transnational corporations should fulfil. With the increase in the number of lawsuits alleging human rights violations by transnational businesses and the increasing number of transnational firms that have come out to admit to committing a significant number of violations of human rights, violating labour standards, polluting the environment, or acting as accomplices to human rights abuses by Governments. The international community is starting to pay more and more attention to the connection between multinational companies and human rights. Existing legislation and accountability frameworks for abuses of human rights by multinational businesses are insufficient. By strengthening the legislation, transnational firms' obligations to uphold human rights may be controlled and monitored. This essay compares and contrasts the obligations of various nations to regulate obligations related to human rights by analyzing pertinent multinational firms and international human rights cases.
Improvements to the system of host country regulatory authority in the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Mechanism
Authors: Lu Rongze
Published: February 2024

As the ISDS mechanism has been widely applied, its shortcomings have been gradually magnified, and the host country's right to regulate has been constantly challenged by foreign investors in international investment dispute settlement, and the sovereignty and public interests of the host country have been undermined as a result. This paper examines the existing problems of the host country's right to regulate, and analyses in depth the motivation for strengthening the host country's right to regulate in the context of the reform of the ISDS mechanism, taking into account past cases and practical experience. At the same time, by comparing and analysing the relevant theories of domestic and foreign scholars on the ISDS mechanism, the paper highlights the necessity of strengthening the host country's right to regulate in order to maintain a balance between the interests of both the host country and the investors, and proposes a feasible and practicable reform plan in this regard.
A Composite Approach Towards Robot Rights in the Era of AI: Preference, Capability and Social Order
Authors: Gong Xuan
Published: February 2024

Should we grant rights to highly intelligent AI robots? Traditional approaches related to deontology and utilitarianism cannot adequately argue that robots without consciousness and sentience can be justified as moral patients. An alternative social-relational approach is also limited to the moral standing of robots rather than their legal roles. In response to these issues, this paper provides a rough modified outline of the traditional theories according to the characteristics of current AI robots by further analysing how to grant moral rights and legal rights to robots regarding the human ethical system and human interests. In addition, it is suggested by this paper that a new resource of robot rights, compatibility, can be further integrated into traditional theories to form a composite approach towards robot rights in the era of AI.
The Decline of Fertility in East Asia Society: Its Sociological Factors and the Meaning of Women's Equal Rights
Authors: Xiao Zemeiyi
Published: February 2024

Women's equal rights are women's corresponding self-defense measures against the inequality that still exists in employment, education, or life, and it is also a symbol of the pursuit of personal dignity and self-rights. The inequality between men and women is mainly manifested in the excessive output of patriarchal values, which lead to problems such as male-female ratio imbalance and marriage squeeze and have seriously affected the fertility rate in the Asia-Pacific region. The problem of increasing the fertility rate is imminent, and society can take corresponding measures to improve its fundamental factors, rather than crudely attribute the problem to the awakening of women's consciousness, to some extent this is the objectification of women's value. However, the road to women's equal rights is still a long way to go. In recent years, the fertility rate issue has also been forced to be linked with the road to women's equal rights, which has aroused heated discussions. The study confirms fundamental factors of the low fertility rate and emphasizes the significance of women's equal rights.
The Endowment Effect in Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions and Its Impact on Merger Premiums
Authors: Zhengyang Gou
Published: February 2024

Ignoring income effects and transaction costs, the price individuals are willing to pay for an item should be equal to the price they are willing to sell it for. However, Professor Thaler discovered some "anomalous" phenomena in real life where individuals assign higher value to the items they possess, leading to inconsistency between the "willingness to pay" and "willingness to sell" prices. This phenomenon is often used in the analysis of behavioural economics and is linked to the theory of loss aversion. Thaler explained these anomalies using loss aversion from prospect theory and referred to this phenomenon as the endowment effect. The paper conducts a multiple regression analysis to investigate the existence of the endowment effect and its impact on the M&A premium, using a sample of 425 M&A events in which both parties were US-listed companies from 2010-2018. The results show that the endowment effect exists in the M&A process and significantly increases the M&A premium; the impact of the endowment effect on the M&A premium varies across M&A events in different industries, and the impact of the endowment effect is more prominent in the M&A of companies in emerging industries. It is recommended that acquirers should fully consider the increased M&A costs due to the endowment effect when evaluating target companies; industrial policy makers should consider the impact of the endowment effect on the efficiency of industrial integration.
Advancements and comparative analysis of high-voltage direct current transmission technologies
Authors: Li Wen
Published: February 2024

This paper outlines the fundamental principles of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, elucidating its two primary variants: current-source converter (CSC) HVDC and voltage-source converter (VSC) HVDC. It also undertakes a comparative analysis with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) technologies, focusing on aspects such as power transmission efficiency and cost-effectiveness, drawing upon prior research findings. Additionally, the paper underscores the critical role of circuit-breakers (CB) as essential components for controlling HVDC systems. HVDC technology plays a pivotal role in augmenting AC transmission systems, facilitating the integration of large-scale renewable energy sources, and enhancing the efficiency of expansive power grids over considerable distances. Its continued evolution and refinement are highly probable, given its indispensable role in the energy landscape.
Randomized Pacman maze generation algorithm
Authors: Cheng Kwan Man , Liu Hongfan , Dou Xinyu
Published: February 2024

Pacman, a cultural icon since its debut in 1980, is celebrated for its captivating static maze design. This research explores innovative algorithms, including an improved version of Sidewinder, in the context of dynamic maze generation for Pacman. Traditional algorithms, constituting the initial focus, serve as counterexamples to highlight their unsuitability in creating Pacman mazes due to their generic design unrelated to the game's unique gameplay. By showcasing these limitations, the study emphasizes the necessity for tailored solutions that align with Pacman's dynamic environment. Subsequently, attention shifts to an innovative algorithm exhibiting promise for Pacman maze generation. An in-depth analysis, using the same rigorous criteria applied to traditional algorithms provides essential insights into its potential for enhancing the Pacman gaming experience.
Optimizing neural network training with Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Chai Junen
Published: February 2024

In modern society, computer plays an important role among all human beings. Through the increasing development of technology, some problems happened gradually. In order to solve and regenerate the country, individuals should test their strengths. This paper discusses how to use genetic algorithms to optimize neural network training. As an important tool of machine learning, neural networks have made remarkable achievements in dealing with complex tasks. However, the training process of neural networks involves a lot of hyperparameter adjustment and weight optimization, which often requires a lot of time and computing resources. In order to improve the efficiency and performance of neural network training, humans should introduce genetic algorithms as an optimization method. Experiments are conducted on several common datasets to compare the performance of neural network training with Genetic Algorithm optimization against the traditional method. The results indicate that using Genetic Algorithms significantly improves the convergence speed and performance of neural networks while reducing the time and effort spent on hyperparameter tuning. Neural networks optimized using the Genetic Algorithm outperform their counterparts trained under the same time frame.
Research on the 3D indoor positioning technology based on feature light source
Authors: Xu Yiqi
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, positioning technologies mainly consist of three methods: positioning based on satellites, positioning based on RF and positioning based on self-contained sensors. However, due to the complex propagation characteristics of wireless signals in indoor environments, the existing positioning technologies widely used in outdoor environments cannot meet the requirements of indoor applications. Compared to outdoor environments, indoor environments are more complex, and wireless signals are affected by various factors, making it difficult for existing indoor positioning systems to meet the requirements of high accuracy and low cost. Thus, a three-dimensional indoor positioning technology based on a characteristic light source and a spherical lighting device is proposed in this paper to solve the problems. The technology measures the angle of the optical signal through a spherical lighting device, which can receive light in all directions and obtain height information compared with flat mode. Pseudo-source interference caused by the wave nature of light will not be introduced with the use of the particle nature of light. Array layout and optimization algorithms can further improve positioning accuracy. A simulation experiment in Matlab is conducted. The experimental results and the analysis of accuracy confirmed that the positioning accuracy can be controlled within a small error. Three-dimensional indoor positioning technology can achieve high accuracy at a low cost.