bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a replication culture in phonetic research: Speech production research in the classroom
Authors: Roettger Timo B. , Baer-Henney Dinah
Published: November 2019

Our understanding of human sound systems is increasingly shaped by experimental studies. What we can learn from a single study, however, is limited. It is of critical importance to evaluate and substantiate existing findings in the literature by directly replicating published studies. Our publication system, however, does not reward direct replications in the same way as it rewards novel discoveries. Consequently, there is a lack of incentives for researchers to spend resources on conducting replication studies, a situation that is particularly true for speech production experiments, which often require resourceful data collection procedures and recording environments. In order to sidestep this issue, we propose to run direct replication studies with our students in the classroom. This proposal offers an easy and inexpensive way to conduct large-scale replication studies and has valuable pedagogical advantages for our students. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, we report on two classroom-based replication studies on incomplete neutralization, a speech phenomenon that has sparked many methodological debates in the past. We show that in our classroom studies, we not only replicated incomplete neutralization effects, but our studies yielded effect magnitudes comparable to laboratory experiments and meta analytical estimates. We discuss potential challenges to this approach and outline possible ways to help us substantiate our scientific record.
Notes on Malesian Fabaceae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) 19. Callerya vasta
Authors: Adema F.
Published: November 2019

Two new tree species of Callerya from Borneo, C. katinganensis and C. sarawakensis are described. The new species are closely related to C. vasta. The differences between the three species are discussed.
Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters: Unified Efforts from Stellar Evolution and Chemical Evolution Models
Authors: Jang Sohee , Kim Jenny J. , Lee Young-Wook
Published: November 2019

Recent stellar evolution models for globular clusters (GCs) in a multiple population paradigm suggest that horizontal-branch (HB) morphology and the mean period of type ab RR Lyrae variables are mostly determined by He and CNO abundances and relative ages for subpopulations. These parameters are also provided by chemical evolution models constructed to reproduce the Na–O anticorrelation. Therefore, a consistency check is possible between the synthetic HB and chemical evolution models. Furthermore, by combining them, a better constraint might be attained for star formation history and chemical abundances of subpopulations in GCs. We find, from such efforts made for four GCs, M4, M5, M15, and M80, that consistent results can be obtained from these two independent studies. In our unified model, He and Na abundances gradually increase over the generation, and, therefore, the various extensions observed in both HB morphology and the Na–O chemical pattern depend on the presence of later generation stars after the second generation. It is schematically shown that this observed diversity, however, would not be naturally explained by the models requiring dilution. Further spectroscopic observations are required, for metal-poor GCs in particular, to obtain a more detailed constraint from this approach.
Evolution of the Cool Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium of Massive Halos: A Keck Cosmic Web Imager Survey of Lyα Emission around QSOs at z ≈ 2
Authors: Cai Zheng , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Prochaska J. Xavier , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Burchett Joe , Li Qiong , Chisholm John , Bundy Kevin , Hennawi Joseph F.
Published: November 2019

Motivated by the recent discovery of the near-ubiquity of Lyα emission around z ≳ 3 QSOs, we performed a systematic study of QSO circumgalactic Lyα emission at z ≈ 2 utilizing the unique capability of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI)—a new wide-field, blue sensitive integral field spectrograph. In this paper, we present KCWI observations of a sample of 16 ultraluminous Type I QSOs at z = 2.1–2.3 with ionizing luminosities of

erg s−1 Hz−1. We found that 14 out of 16 QSOs are associated with Lyα nebulae with projected linear sizes larger than 50 physical kpc. Among them, four nebulae have enormous Lyα emission with a Lyα surface brightness (SB)

erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 on the >100 kpc scale, extending beyond the field of view of KCWI. Our KCWI observations reveal that most z ≈ 2 QSO nebulae have a more irregular morphology compared to those at z ≳ 3. In turn, we measure that the circularly averaged SB at z ≈ 2 is 0.4 dex fainter than the redshift-corrected median SB at z ≳ 3. The Lyα SB profile (SBLyα
) of QSOs at z ≈ 2 can be described by a power law of

erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, with a slope similar to that at z ≳ 3. The observed lower redshift-corrected, circularly averaged SB may be mainly due to the lower covering factor of cool gas clouds in massive halos at z ≈ 2.
Spectra of Ni v and Fe v in the Vacuum Ultraviolet
Authors: Ward J. W. , Raassen A. J. J. , Kramida A. , Nave G.
Published: November 2019

This work presents 97 remeasured Fe v wavelengths (1200–1600 Å) and 123 remeasured Ni v wavelengths (1200–1400 Å) with uncertainties of approximately 2 mÅ. An additional 67 remeasured Fe v wavelengths and 72 remeasured Ni v wavelengths with uncertainties greater than 2 mÅ are also reported. A systematic calibration error is also identified in the previous Ni v wavelengths and is corrected in this work. Furthermore, a new energy level optimization of Ni v is presented that includes level values as well as Ritz wavelengths. This work improves upon the available data used for observations of quadruply ionized nickel (Ni v) in white dwarf stars. This compilation is specifically targeted toward observations of the G191-B2B white dwarf spectrum that has been used to test for variations in the fine structure constant, α, in the presence of strong gravitational fields. The laboratory wavelengths for these ions were thought to be the cause of inconsistent conclusions regarding the variation limit of α as observed through the white dwarf spectrum. These inconsistencies can now be addressed with the improved laboratory data presented here.
Combination of Human Amniotic Fluid Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nano-hydroxyapatite Scaffold Enhances Bone Regeneration
Authors: Mohammed Eman E. A. , Beherei Hanan , El-Zawahry Mohamed , Farrag Abdel Razik , Kholoussi Naglaa , Helwa Iman , Gaber Khaled , Allam Mousa A. , Mabrouk Mostafa , Abdel Aleem Alice K.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAF-MSCs) have a high proliferative capacity and osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. The combination of hAF-MSCs with three-dimensional (3D) scaffold has a promising therapeutic potential in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Selection of an appropriate scaffold material has a crucial role in a cell supporting and osteoinductivity to induce new bone formation in vivo.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the osteogenic potential of the 2nd-trimester hAF-MSCs in combination with the 3D scaffold, 30% Nano-hydroxyapatite chitosan, as a therapeutic application for bone healing in the induced tibia defect in the rabbit.
SUBJECT AND METHODS: hAF-MSCs proliferation and culture expansion was done in vitro, and osteogenic differentiation characterisation was performed by Alizarin Red staining after 14 & 28 days. Expression of the surface markers of hAF-MSCs was assessed using Flow Cytometer with the following fluorescein-labelled antibodies: CD34-PE, CD73-APC, CD90-FITC, and HLA-DR-FITC. Ten rabbits were used as an animal model with an induced defect in the tibia to evaluate the therapeutic potential of osteogenic differentiation of hAF-MSCs seeded on 3D scaffold, 30% Nano-hydroxyapatite chitosan. The osteogenic differentiated hAF-MSCs/scaffold composite system applied and fitted in the defect region and non-seeded scaffold was used as control. The histopathological investigation was performed at 2, 3, & 4 weak post-transplantation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was assessed at 2 & 4 weeks post-transplantation to evaluate the bone healing potential in the rabbit tibia defect.
RESULTS: Culture and expansion of 2nd-trimester hAF-MSCs presented high proliferative and osteogenic potential in vitro. Histopathological examination for the transplanted hAF-MSCs seeded on the 3D scaffold, 30% Nano-hydroxyapatite chitosan, demonstrated new bone formation in the defect site at 2 & 3 weeks post-transplantation as compared to the control (non-seeded scaffold). Interestingly, the scaffold accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of AF-MSCs and showed complete bone healing of the defect site as compared to the control (non-seeded scaffold) at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Furthermore, the SEM analysis confirmed these findings.
CONCLUSION: The combination of the 2nd-trimester hAF-MSCs and 3D scaffold, 30% Nano-hydroxyapatite chitosan, have a therapeutic perspective for large bone defect and could be used effectively in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Psychological Impact of Melanoma, How to Detect, Support and Help
Authors: Vojvodic Aleksandra , Vlaskovic-Jovicevic Tatjana , Vojvodic Petar , Vojvodic Jovana , Goldust Mohamad , Peric-Hajzler Zorica , Matovic Dusica , Sijan Goran , Stepic Nenad , Nguyen Van Thuong , Tirant MIchael , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Fioranelli Massimo
Published: November 2019

Incidence of melanoma is increasing every year. A few years ago, we could not speak about long term survivors with melanoma. Chemotherapy did not give a good effect in the past. Metastasis occurred very rapidly, and the progression of melanoma was very fast. But now, with new forms of therapy, especially immunotherapy and target therapy, for the first time, we have long-time survivors. For the prognosis of melanoma, the most important is the stage in which melanoma is detected. For all dermatologists, it is very important to be aware of the psychological impact of melanoma on patients. Dermatologists should recognise psychological disorders. Several different scales can be used for the detection of depression and anxiety – some of them are completed by researchers, some of them are completed by patients, and also, we have combined scales. The need for adequate social and family support as well as psychological help to achieve better coping with illness is necessary. Learning techniques to overcome fear and stress would help in better functioning of all affected, regardless of the stage of the disease. The most severe cases of anxiety and depression, in addition to psychotherapeutic interventions, should also be considered medication therapy.
The Effects of Magnesium – Melatonin - Vit B Complex Supplementation in Treatment of Insomnia
Authors: Djokic Gorica , Vojvodic Petar , Korcok Davor , Agic Anita , Rankovic Anica , Djordjevic Vladan , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Vlaskovic-Jovicevic Tatjana , Peric-Hajzler Zorica , Vojvodic Jovana , Matovic Dusica , Sijan Goran , Wollina Uwe , Tirant Michael , Nguyen Van Thuong , Fioranelli Massimo , Lotti Torello
Published: November 2019

Insomnia means difficulty in falling asleep and/or stays asleep. Insomnia commonly leads to daytime sleepiness, lethargy, and a general feeling of being unwell. The most common treatment of insomnia includes GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators or Melatonin agonists. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Magnesium- melatonin-vitamin B complex supplement in the treatment of insomnia. The study included 60 patients diagnosed with insomnia. The patients were randomly divided into study group (N = 30), and control group (N = 30), and study group was treated with Magnesium-melatonin-vitamin B complex (one dose contains 175 mg liposomal magnesium oxide, 10 mg Vit B6, 16 μg vit B12, melatonin 1 mg, Extrafolate-S 600 μg) once a day 1 hour before sleep, during the 3 months. The severity of insomnia symptoms was measured by self-reported Athens insomnia scale (AIS), with a cut-off score by Soldatos (AIS score ≥ 6). Mean AIS score at zero points was 14,93 ± 3,778 in the study group and 14,37 ± 4,081 in the control group (p = 0,476), indicating the compatibility of the groups, and both scores correspond to mild to moderate insomnia. Mean AIS score after 3 months of the Magnesium- melatonin- vitamin B complex supplementation was 10,50 ± 4,21 corresponding to mild insomnia, while median AIS score in the control group was 15,13 ± 3,76 which is referred to moderate insomnia, and difference among groups was significant (p = 0,000). Our founding’s indicating that 3 months of the Magnesium- melatonin-vitamin B complex supplementation has a beneficial effect in the treatment of insomnia regardless of cause.
Gut Microbiota and the Alteration of Immune Balance in Skin Diseases: From Nutraceuticals to Fecal Transplantation
Authors: Vojvodic Aleksandra , Peric-Hajzler Zorica , Matovic Dusica , Vojvodic Petar , Vlaskovic-Jovicevic Tatjana , Sijan Goran , Dimitrijevic Sanja , Stepic Nenad , Wollina Uwe , Badr Badr Abdulwahab E. , Badawi Ashraf , Goldust Mohamad , Tirant Michael , Nguyen Van Thuong , Fioranelli Massimo , Lotti Torello
Published: November 2019

T
The P.N.E.I. (Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology) approach is represented by the interdisciplinary concept of bidirectional cross-talk between the psycho-neuro-endocrine and immune systems, which can influence the immune response. The well-known Gut-Brain Axis and the Gut-Skin Axis can be merged in a bigger network- the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis, with complex regulation by cytokines, neuro-peptides, neuro-hormones and another messenger (signalling) molecules and maybe the most important modulator of the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis/ the gut microbiota. The role of gut bacterial homeostasis is very important, and the homeostatic imbalance of the immune response may be a relevant etiologic/pathophysiologic factor for extra-intestinal and intestinal inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases. The Low Dose Cytokines Medicine (LDM) is an innovative therapeutic approach. It is based on the most advanced knowledge in molecular biology and low dose pharmacology with the primary outcome. The SKA (Sequential Kinetic Activation) technology, codified and standardised by GUNA S.p.a. -Italy- makes the low doses of signalling molecules able to be active even below the minimum dose classically considered as effective and the significative efficacy of orally administered low-dose signalling molecules is the most representative aspect of LDM. The Physiologic Nutraceuticals and the Low Dose Medicine are two of the most promising approaches for the treatment of skin diseases based on the rebalance of the immune response and the recovery of gut dysbiosis.
L'enquête de 1665 sur le littoral provençal : un état des lieux pour l’État royal
Authors: Buti Gilbert
Published: November 2019

De grandes enquêtes administratives ont été
réalisées en France au xviie siècle. Celle qui a été faite en 1665 à la demande
de Colbert a pour objet la connaissance de l’état des ports du
royaume. Elle pose la question du rôle du délestage des navires dans
la dégradation des bassins portuaires. Colbert a sollicité les
responsables des amirautés qui ont fait appel à des experts choisis
parmi les usagers des ports. L’examen des réponses faites dans quatre
ports provençaux (Martigues, Marseille, Toulon et Saint-Tropez) permet
d’observer la procédure suivie. L’analyse des procès-verbaux montre la
complexité et la diversité des réponses apportées. Celles-ci
contiennent des suggestions pour améliorer les situations locales.
Certaines ont été suivies d’applications, d’autres ignorées. Outre
l’encombrement des plans d’eau, l’emploi du lest pose des questions
d’ordre économique et environnemental.
Les enquêtes littorales comme indicateur des existences portuaires
Authors: Michon Bernard , Plouviez David
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’inscrit dans la continuité d’une
réflexion collective menée à partir des enquêtes commanditées par
l’État français à propos des littoraux entre le xviie et le début du xixe siècle. À partir de la
sélection de plusieurs enquêtes – celles de Colbert et de Seignelay
(1664, 1665, 1683-1686) et celle de Daniel Chardon entre 1781 et 1785
– il s’agit de déterminer si leur contenu permet d’enrichir nos
connaissances sur les ports de l’époque moderne. Ces enquêtes
permettent-elles, dans un premier temps, de restituer la trame
portuaire, notamment pour le xviie siècle ? En dehors des grands ports, la « poussière
portuaire » n’est pas toujours facile à dessiner pendant cette période
et la mobilisation de toutes les sources archivistiques s’impose. Une
fois les ports identifiés, il s’agit de mesurer la capacité des
enquêtes littorales à appréhender leurs infrastructures (quais, grues,
lieux de stockage, etc.) et leurs activités.
Dire le paysage-patrimoine dans la Convention européenne du paysage
Authors: Margarito Mariagrazia
Published: November 2019

Cet article sur la Convention européenne du paysage ou CEP (Florence 2000) cherche à approfondir certaines réflexions concernant le rapport entre paysage et patrimoine, notamment du point de vue du patrimoine européen. Dans le cadre des sciences du langage et de l’analyse du discours de l’école française sont étudiés des items lexicaux et phrastiques du texte de la CEP ainsi que des notes d’analyse du « Glossaire » (versions 2012 et 2013) rédigé par un groupe de travail du Conseil de l’Europe. Les définitions du paysage et du patrimoine sont comparées avec d’autres traités internationaux, dont le plus célèbre : la Convention concernant la protection du patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco (1972). Par ailleurs, nous tentons de mettre en évidence des réflexions épistémiques interrogeant la notion de paysage comme « élément important de la qualité de vie des populations dans les milieux urbains et dans les campagnes, dans les territoires dégradés comme dans ceux de grande qualité, dans les espaces remarquables comme dans ceux du quotidien » (Préambule de la CEP), mais aussi le paysage comme composante du patrimoine et de l’identité européenne, la « perception » individuelle et sociale du paysage suite aux affirmations de la CEP.
Combined Methods for Physical and Mental Workload
Authors: Morales Ángel Fabián Campoya , Arellano Juan Luis Hernández , González-Muñoz Elvia Luz
Published: November 2019

This chapter presents information about the methods that combine physical and mental workload/fatigue during ergonomic evaluation. The methods were identified through a systematic literature review. The search criteria were done through a literature search in databases like SciFinder, SciELO, ScienceDirect, etc. As result, the following methods are described: Global Load Scale, Multivariate Workload Assessment, Subjective Fatigue Symptoms Test, Fatigue Assessment Scale, Scale of Recovery for Exhaustion of Occupational Fatigue, Scale of Estimated Fatigue-Energy Points, Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory, NASA-TLX, Combined Cognitive and Physical Assessment, Laboratory Method of Economics and Sociology of Work, OWL Method, Ergonomic Checklist Method, RENAULT Method, Joyce Method, NERPA Method, ARBAN Method, and MAPFRE Method. As a conclusion, it is possible to affirm that there are some evaluation methods that provide better elements for an accurate evaluation, and others lack basic elements, which causes an incomplete/not accurate evaluation.
Using Ca(OH)2 as Alternative Support for an Egyptian Coptic Fresco Painting
Authors: Salama Kholod K. , El-Sheikh Said M. , Ali Mona F.
Published: November 2019

Many mural paintings stored in museums suffer from the heavy loaded added gypsum layers to the background. Currently anew way will be used for support the back ground of mural painting using the nanocalcium hydroxide which added to the background of it. This nanomaterial is smoothly penetrate inside the mural painting structure then it combines with CO2 producing CaCO3 the original binder in all mural paintings especially fresco paintings, The mechanical characteristics were tested to determine the change in properties of the interior structure of the treated Coptic fresco painting
Design of the Technological Flow to Produce a Planar Variant of the Nothing on Insulator Device and its Tunneling Conduction
Authors: Ravariu Cristian , Manea Elena , Pârvulescu Cǎtǎlin Corneliu , Mihaiescu Dan
Published: November 2019

This paper starts from the leakage currents through the gates of the last MOSFET generations and propose a related structure, which can be inherently included as parasitic device in any future MOSFET sub-22nm or can be deliberated fabricated to induce its own behavior. This structure is abbreviated in this paper by p-NOI (planar-Nothing On Insulator) and it can be simply produced by the planar Si-technology. Its concept is derived from the NOI (Nothing On Insulator) concept, but replaces the vacuum with oxide. The conduction mechanism is based on a thin oxide tunneling, under the Fowler-Nordheim's law. The current flow occurs from a source to a lateral drain, without an inversion channel and without a lateral pn junction, as in the MOSFET case. A similar investigated device by other authors is a fabricated MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) structure, which is compared with the actual p-NOI simulation. Finally, a dual gate p-NOI device is investigated. The depletion-accumulation transition is captured by the static I-V static characteristics. Using two steps of oxide, of 2nm and 10nm, a second planar-NOI structure with three terminals was studied. The (G) terminal is associated to a Gate and the (S) terminal is associated to a Source of a Field Effect Transistor. Some particular applications as diode or transistor are emphasized versus the gate biasing regime.
Burial depth of anode affected the bacterial community structure of sediment microbial fuel cells
Authors: Wu Yi-cheng , Wu Hong-jie , Fu Hai-yan , Dai Zhineng , Wang Ze-jie
Published: November 2019

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are attractive devices to in situ power environmental monitoring sensors and bioremediate contaminated soils/sediments. Burial depth of the anode was verified to affect the performance of SMFCs. The present research evaluated the differences in microbial community structure of anodic biofilms located at different depth. It was demonstrated that both microbial diversity and community structure of anodic biofilms were influenced by the depth of anode location. Microbial diversity decreased with increased anodic depth. The number of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was determined as 1438 at the anode depth of 5 cm, which reduced to 1275 and 1005 at 10 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that microbial communities of 5 cm and 10 cm were clustered together, separated from the original sediment and 15 cm. Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum in all samples, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Beta-and Gamma-proteobacteria were the most abundant classes. A total of 23 OTUs showed high identity to 16S rRNA gene of exoelectrogens such as Geobacter and Pseudomonas. The present results provided insights into the effects of anode depth on the performance of SMFC from the perspectives of microbial community structure.
Community Legal Centres in the Digital Era: The Use of Digital Technologies in Queensland Community Legal Centres
Authors: Sam Stebin , Pearson Ashley
Published: November 2019

Digital technologies are revolutionising the delivery of legal services within Australia. Challenged by innovative technologies, products and processes, the legal profession has been forced to confront their technologically disrupted future and adapt to the new technological age, as both providers and clients become progressively more reliant on increasingly sophisticated digital technology. One sector that stands to reap the benefits of digital disruption is free legal service providers, such as Community Legal Centres (CLCs), whose services benefit from the extended outreach, accessibility and efficiency that digital technologies provide. As institutions that are dedicated to ensuring that vulnerable client groups have access to justice, CLCs must be cautious not to adopt digital technologies without due thought and, consequently, potentially alienate vulnerable clients. In this new technological era, it is now more crucial than ever for CLCs to ensure that clients who may lack access to technology, are digitally illiterate, or prefer face-to-face interactions, are catered for within the CLC sector.

This paper addresses the use of technology by Queensland CLCs by drawing on data collected from semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 10 employees from eight different CLCs. The article asserts that Queensland CLCs preferred to adopt digital technologies that assisted with their organisational needs over client-oriented services, attempting to strike the delicate balance between technological convenience and technological inaccessibility.
The Role of Internet/YouTube in the Socialization/Popularization of Science in Brazil
Authors: Leao Roberta G. , Taquini Reninni , Finardi Kyria R.
Published: November 2019

The study aims to analyze how science is socialized and popularized through the internet, more specifically, through the YouTube (YT) platform in Brazil. The study gives a brief presentation of the current socio-historical context in Brazil before presenting the theoretical framework that is based mainly on Michel Foucault's notion of knowledge and power, and its relations with the forms of control in society and on Theodor Adorno's view of mass culture. In order to analyze YouTube's role in the socialization/popularization of science, sixteen YT channels were analyzed in the first semester of 2019. The method used is mixed (Dörnyei, 2007) using a predominantly quantitative approach to measure projection in the internet of the channels analyzed. Qualitative analysis focuses on issues of content and source in the videos analyzed. In general, the analysis of the results suggests that STEM areas have a higher prevalence in the description of the videos. The study concludes with the suggestion that the platform improves the search engine so that users can filter more specific areas of knowledge, thus expanding the potential of the internet and this site in the dissemination and popularization of modern science.
Corrupt Environment, Marketization Level and Growth of Five-star Hotel Industry
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Yu Jing , Shi Junnuo
Published: November 2019

Under the situation of frequent corruption behaviors of government officials and strict requests on cracking down on corruption, using the panel data of provincial five-star hotels, this paper investigates the existence and continuity of development model of “Corruption Economy” in five-star hotel industry, and detects the way for sustainable development of five-star hotel industry on the background of anti-corruption from the perspective of marketization. The results show that degree of state corruption represented by Control of Corruption has a positive effect on the growth of five-star hotel industry. Anti-corruption policies in litigation system, the efforts of implementing these policies to combat corruption, and public’s perceived corruption and anti-corruption all verify a negative impact on five-star hotel industry. Practice shows that anti-corruption breaks the false prosperity of “corruption economy” model. Only with a perfect market system as well as fair market competition order, the five-star hotel industry can realize a sustainable growth.
El urbanismo como estrategia para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en barrios segregados
Authors: Martínez López José David
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es generar una reflexión sobre la relación que podría existir entre el urbanismo y la calidad de vida de las personas, principalmente, en barrios segregados, donde las condiciones de vida son precarias y en muchas ocasiones ponen en riego el desarrollo integral de sus habitantes. La metodología utilizada consiste en la revisión bibliográfica basada en los ejes teóricos que guían la investigación a partir del análisis de experiencias en la región latinoamericana con intervenciones urbanas que trataron de elevar la calidad de vida en los territorios donde se implementaron. Estas acciones fueron tomadas principalmente en lugares donde existían crisis de seguridad ciudadana y otros problemas sociales, en los casos estudiados se logró identificar algunos criterios de intervención y analizar el verdadero impacto de estos procesos en la estructura urbana y en la vida de las personas.
Airline Fuel Hedging: Do Hedge Horizon and Contract Maturity Matter?
Authors: Lim Siew Hoon , Turner Peter A.
Published: November 2019

Large and unpredictable swings in fuel prices create financial uncertainty to airlines. While there are the risks for going unhedged, airlines that hedge to mitigate fuel price risk face the basis risk. This paper examines whether the length of hedge horizon and distance to contract maturity affect the effectiveness of jet fuel cross hedging. Understanding the effects of hedge duration and futures contract maturity helps improve airline’s fuel hedging strategies. We find that (1) regardless of the distance to contract maturity, weekly hedge horizon has the highest effectiveness for jet fuel proxies like heating oil, Brent, WTI, and gasoil; (2) heating oil is the best jet fuel proxy for all hedge hori-zons and contract maturities; and (3) the hedge effectiveness of heating oil is higher for one-month and three-month contracts.
Dedicated Energy Crop Supply Chain and Associated Feedstock Transportation Emissions: A Case Study of Tennessee
Authors: Yu T. Edward , Larson James A. , English Burton C. , Fu Joshua S. , Calcagno Jimmy , Wilson Bradley
Published: November 2019

and Bradly Wilson This study minimizes total cost for single-feedstock supply chains of two dedicated energy crops, perennial switchgrass and biomass sorghum, in Tennessee using a spatial optimization model. Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport of feedstock to the conversion facility were estimated for respective feedstock supply chains. Results show that different demand for land types from two feedstocks and the geographically diverse landscape across the state affect the economics of bioenergy crops supply chains and feedstock transportation emissions. Switchgrass is more suitable than biomass sorghum for biofuel production in Tennessee based on the supply chains cost and feedstock hauling emissions.
Effective Light Source for Illuminating Overhead Guide Signs and Improving Roadway Safety
Authors: Obeidat Mohammed S. , Rys Malgorzata J.
Published: November 2019

Driver safety is considered an important issue to departments of transportation. One way to increase highway safety is to improve the visibility of overhead guide signs for drivers. Visibility improving methods include the use of sign illumination or retroreflective sheeting materials. This paper focuses on sign illumination by comparing five light sources including high pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), mercury vapor (MV), induction lighting, and light emitting diode (LED). A laboratory experiment was conducted to compare effective light distribution of each light source and a cost analysis was performed to compare initial, maintenance, and operating cost components of the light sources. Results of the light distribution experiment indicated that HPS was the optimum light source followed by MH, induction lighting, MV, and LED. Induction lighting is a promising lighting technology which features good efficiency and long life. According to cost analysis, induction lighting was the most effective source, followed by the LED, HPS, MV, and MH. Of the five light sources considered, induction lighting provided the best overall performance when considering initial cost, operating cost, expected maintenance, and sign illuminance. Environmentally, LED does not contain mercury, and for those agencies that prefer using sources that are friendlier with the environment, the LED can be their best choice.
Regression Model Evaluation for Highway Bridge Component Deterioration Using National Bridge Inventory Data
Authors: Lu Pan , Pei Shiling , Tolliver Denver
Published: November 2019

Accurate prediction of bridge component condition over time is critical for determining a reliable maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MRR) strategy for highway bridges. Based on bridge inspection data, regression models are the most-widely adopted tools used by researchers and state agencies to predict future bridge condition (FHWA 2007). Various regression models can produce quite different results because of the differences in modeling assumptions. The evaluation of model quality can be challenging and sometimes subjective. In this study, an external validation procedure was developed to quantitatively compare the forecasting power of different regression models for highway bridge component deterioration. Several regression models for highway bridge component rating over time were compared using the proposed procedure and a traditional apparent model evaluation method based on the goodness-of-fit to data. The results obtained by applying the two methods are compared and discussed in this paper.
Welfare Measures to Reflect Home Location Options When Transportation Systems are Modified
Authors: Ma Shuhong , Kockelman Kara M.
Published: November 2019

Transportation system improvements do not provide simply travel time savings, for a fixed trip table; they affect trip destinations, modes, times of day, and, ultimately, home and business location choices. This paper examines the welfare (or willingness-to-pay) impacts of system changes by bringing residential location choice into a three-layer nested logit model to more holistically anticipate the regional welfare impacts of various system shifts using logsum differences (which quantify changes in consumer surplus). Here, home value is a function of home price, size, and accessibility; and accessibility is a function of travel times and costs, vis-à-vis all mode and destination options. The model is applied to a sample of 60 Austin, Texas, zones to estimate home buyers’ welfare impacts across various scenarios, with different transit fares, automobile operating costs, travel times, and home prices. Results suggest that new locators’ choice probabilities for rural and suburban zones are more sensitive to changing regional access, while urban and central business zone choice probabilities are more impacted by home price shifts. Automobile costs play a more important role in residential location choices in these simulations than those of transit, as expected in a typical U.S. setting (where automobile travel dominates). When generalized costs of automobile travel are simulated to rise 20%, 40%, and 60% (throughout the region), estimated welfare impacts (using normalized differences in logit logsum measures) for the typical new home buying household (with $70,000 in annual income and 2.4 household members) are estimated to be quite negative, at -$56,000, -$99,000, and -$132,000, respectively. In contrast, when auto’s generalized costs fall everywhere (by 20%, 40%, and then 60%), welfare impacts are very positive (+$74,000, $172,500, and $320,000, respectively). Such findings are meaningful for policymakers, planners, and others when anticipating the economic impacts of evolving transportation systems, in the face of new investments, rising travel demands, distance-based tolls, self-driving vehicles, and other changes.
Adoption of Natural Gas Vehicles – Estimates for the U.S. and the State of Texas
Authors: Xu Chen (Sarah) , Cheng Liang-Chieh (Victor)
Published: November 2019

Natural gas vehicles (NGV) have attracted more and more attention from policy makers since natural gas is a clean substitute for traditional fossil fuel that is also readily accessible. In some areas such as the state of Texas, vehicles that do not use traditional fossil fuel (e.g., NGVs) are exempt from paying fuel taxes. Government financial incentives have motivated substantial adoption of NGVs. This paper studies NGV adoption behavior in both U.S. and Texas markets to estimate the dynamics of NGV diffusion. This research employs well-known Bass diffusion models applied to NGV adoption, using data from both the U.S. and Texas. Among several interesting results, we find that NGV adoption through an imitation effect appears to be significant for the U.S. NGV market.
Exploring Sustainable Transportation Attitudes and Stages of Change Using Survey and Geospatial Data in New England Campus Commuters
Authors: Fu Tat , Mundorf Norbert , Redding Colleen A. , Brick Leslie , Paiva Andrea , Prochaska James
Published: November 2019

This paper presents findings of a two-campus project designed to assess alternative/sustainable transportation (AT), which is defined as commuting via non-SOVs (single occupancy vehicles) such as transit, carpooling, walking, or biking. One of the objectives was to test the application of a well-known behavior change model, the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), to transportation behaviors. Additionally, geospatial analysis and visualization were applied using the TTM measures. The survey results show that commuting distances, transit connectivity, and status (i.e., students, staff, and faculty) affected commute modes and stages of readiness to use AT. Another important finding was that the survey data for AT replicated TTM relationship predictions between constructs and stages of change.
Local Sensitivity Analysis of Forecast Uncertainty in a Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input-Output Model
Authors: Wang Guangmin , Kockelman Kara M.
Published: November 2019

Transportation systems are critical to regional economies and quality of life. The Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input-Output Model (RUBMRIO) for trade and travel choices is used here to appreciate the distributed nature of commodity flow patterns across the United States’ 3,109 contiguous counties and 12 industry sectors, for rail and truck operations. This paper demonstrates the model’s sensitivity to various inputs using the method of local sensitivity analysis with interactions (LSAI). This work simulates both individual effects as well as interaction effects of model inputs on outputs by providing sensitivity indices of model outputs to variations of inputs under two scenarios. Model outputs include predictions of domestic and export trade flows, value of goods produced, labor expenditures, and household and industry consumption levels across the counties in the United States. The LSAI technique allows transportation system operators to appreciate the roles of any model input and the associated uncertainty of outputs.
Safety Impacts of Converting Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes to Raised Medians and Associated Design Concerns
Authors: Alluri Priyanka , Gan Albert , Haleem Kirolos
Published: November 2019

Raised medians and two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs) are the two most common types of median treatments on arterial streets. This paper aims to conduct a detailed study on the safety impacts of conversion from TWLTLs to raised medians on state roads in Florida. In addition, the study also investigated several potential safety concerns related to raised medians on state roads, including crashes at median openings, vehicles directly hitting the median curb, and median crossover crashes. Based on data availability, 17.51 miles of urban arterial sections in Florida that were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians were analyzed. Police reports of all the crashes before and after median conversion were reviewed to correct miscoded crash types and obtain additional detailed crash information. Overall, a 28.5% reduction in total crash rate was observed after the 10 study locations were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians. The reductions in the proportions of left-turn and right-turn crashes were statistically significant, while the changes in the proportions of other crash types were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the crash data did not show evidence that raised medians are an additional hazard compared with TWLTLs.
An Assessment and Measurement of Risks in the International Airline Industry: A Study of the ICAO Carriers Over the Period, 1990-2013
Authors: Scheraga Carl , Gritta Richard D.
Published: November 2019

A prior study by one of the authors (Gritta, et. al. 2006) published in the Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, examined the extent of operating, financial, and total leverage facing the major U.S airlines, those carriers with total revenues of $1.0 billion or more. The study found that the vast majority of the carriers were highly leveraged at both the operating and financial levels and that this resulted in highly unstable profitability and increased the dangers of bankruptcy. The global airline industry has always been highly cyclical and somewhat fixed-cost driven. Airlines are thus high in what financial analysts refer to as operating leverage. In addition, the many airlines have followed aggressive debt strategies; that is, they have chosen to use large amounts of long-term debt finance to purchase assets. This results in a high degree of financial leverage. In the past, the resulting combined leverage has created severe financial problems for major carriers, both domestically and internationally.The current study seeks to examine a sample of foreign carriers in order to measure the extent of risks on the international level. In doing so, comparisons will be made to the large U.S. carriers. If possible, the authors will use the same time horizon as in the published paper, although in some cases carriers are too new to have such a history.
Investigating Mixed Logit Analysis of Critical Headways at a Single-Lane Instrumented Roundabout
Authors: Hainen Alex
Published: November 2019

This paper examines 29,403 entering vehicles that rejected two or more headways for a total of 69,123 rejected headways. A detailed series of temporal parameters was established and used to estimate a mixed binary logit model and understand rejection/acceptance decisions. This technique allows for the parameter estimates to vary across the population and across the set of decisions that drivers made and suggests that drivers may modify their critical headway as they wait at the yield bar. The results from this paper indicate that future consideration of capacity using a dynamic critical headway could be useful in modeling and capacity estimation.
Modeling the Transport Infrastructure-Growth Nexus in the United States
Authors: Chi Junwook , Baek Jungho
Published: November 2019

The rising government funding in transport infrastructure has sparked political and academic debates on the economic impacts of transport infrastructure investment in the United States. Although numerous empirical studies have examined the transport infrastructure-growth nexus, existing literature has mixed conclusions of the economic effects of expanding transport infrastructure. The main objective of this paper is to assess the short- and long-run impacts of transport and non-transport public infrastructure on economic growth to provide an implication of the effectiveness of these fiscal policy tools in the short- and long-term. For this purpose, we employ a modern autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to explore the dynamic relationships among transport infrastructure, non-transport public infrastructure, private capital, labor hours, GDP, and exports. In the long run, we find that a bidirectional relationship exists between transport infrastructure and GDP, suggesting that expanding transport infrastructure improves aggregated economic output, and enhanced economic output increases public investment in transport infrastructure. However, the magnitude of the impact of transport infrastructure on GDP is smaller than that of non-transport public infrastructure, implying that non-transport infrastructure investment is a more effective long-term fiscal stimulus than expanding transport infrastructure.
Safety Evaluation of Shoulder Bypass Lanes at Unsignalized Intersections on Rural Two-Lane Roadways Using Cross Sectional Analysis
Authors: Dissanayake Sunanda , Shams Alireza
Published: November 2019

Construction of bypass lanes at rural intersections has typically been considered a low-cost highway safety improvement by the transportation community. However, this needs to be quantitatively evaluated so that the decisions could be made on whether to continue with adding bypass lanes. Highway safety analyses utilize two common approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of a geometric treatment: before-and-after study and cross-sectional study. This paper explains the results using a cross-sectional study approach, where intersections with bypass lanes were compared to intersections with no bypass lanes for which crash data were obtained for more than 1,100 intersections in Kansas. Both 3-legged and 4-legged intersections were taken into consideration separately by looking at intersection-related crashes and crashes within an intersection box. According to the results, the number of crashes and crash severities were lower at 3-legged intersections with bypass lanes compared with 3-legged intersections without bypass lanes, even though these reductions were not statistically significant at 95% level. When considering a 300-ft. intersection box, statistically significant crash reductions were observed at 4-legged intersections, for all considered crash and crash rate categories. When considering 90% level, crash reduction at 3-legged intersections was also statistically significant when considering a 300-ft. intersection box. Crash modification factors (CMFs) calculated to evaluate safety effectiveness of bypass lanes at unsignalized rural intersections in Kansas showed values less than 1.0 for almost all cases, indicating safety benefits of bypass lanes. Accordingly, it is beneficial to continue with the practice of adding shoulder bypass lanes at rural unsignalized intersections on two-lane roads where the traffic volumes are relatively low.
Shippers’ Changing Priorities in Port Selection Decision – A Survey Analysis Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Mittal Neha , McClung Dale
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes different criterion that shippers employ in their port selection process. It uses results from a survey conducted on regional shippers from the chemical and life sciences industries that ship full container and LCL cargo of hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals westbound (from U.S. east coast to Asia). Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework and participants’ comparative scores, factors affecting a shipper’s port choice are prioritized. Findings suggest that port congestion and delays on the west coast ports in the U.S. and its effect on shippers’ supply chains have changed their priorities; price and port characteristics are no longer their primary decision factors.