bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Simultaneous Electrochemical and Electrodischarge Machining Process
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Dvivedi Akshay
Published: September 2024

Recent advances have established electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) as an effective alternative to electrical discharge machining (EDM) for producing microholes in conductive materials. However, ECDM leaves nonuniform layers, including recast layers and heat-affected zones, rendering it unsuitable for materials vital to aerospace, defence, and biomedical applications. To address this issue, the present work investigates a novel electrochemical machining (ECM)-based frugal engineering process known as simultaneous electrochemical and electrodischarge machining (SECEDM) for microhole fabrication. To evaluate the process effectiveness, the machining results of the SECEDM process were compared with ECDM, EDM, and ECM. The obtained results present the fundamental distinction between the process mechanism of SECEDM and ECDM. SECEDM has been reported to produce microholes with improved machined surfaces characterized by their freedom from recast layer and ECDM-induced defects. Moreover, SECEDM facilitated meticulously controlled high-speed anodic dissolution of work material, surpassing the material removal rate (MRR) achieved through ultrasonic-assisted ECDM (U-ECDM), ECM, and EDM processes by 2.67, 4.2, and 6.2 times, respectively. Furthermore, the substantial 67.72% and 68.82% reduction in the average machined hole diameter than ECM and U-ECDM, respectively, with a noteworthy 13.69% enhancement in average roundness error achieved while maintaining the repeatability accuracy with an accuracy range within ±0.009 mm through SECEDM process underscore SECEDM's accuracy and repeatability. In addition, lower surface roughness by 31.6% and 68% compared to ECM and EDM, along with reduced carbon and oxygen content as examined through energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, signifies the SECEDM process efficiency in microfabrication.
Employing reflection and diffraction signals around a wedge to determine the wedge angle
Authors: Menounou Penelope , Spiropoulos Marios I.
Published: September 2024

In the present study the acoustic field around rigid wedges is investigated. The acoustic field consists of diffraction contributions (from the edge) and of geometrical acoustics contributions (the incident signal and signals reflected on the wedge faces). A new depiction, called the polarity plot, is proposed that depicts the polarity of the diffracted impulse response, as well as the number of the geometrical acoustics contributions around a given wedge. Based on the observed patterns of the polarity plots, a set of measurements around a wedge is described which (if experimentally feasible) could be used in order to determine the wedge angle.
Syndecan-1 inhibition promotes antitumor immune response and facilitates the efficacy of anti-PD1 checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yun , Xu Chen , Zhang Li , Xu Guiqin , Yang Zhaojuan , Xiang Lvzhu , Jiao Kun , Chen Zehong , Zhang Xiaoren , Liu Yongzhong
Published: September 2024

Tumor cell–originated events prevent efficient antitumor immune response and limit the application of anti-PD1 checkpoint immunotherapy. We show that syndecan-1 (SDC1) has a critical role in the regulation of T cell–mediated control of tumor growth. SDC1 inhibition increases the permeation of CD8
+
T cells into tumors and triggers CD8
+
T cell–mediated control of tumor growth, accompanied by increased proportions of progenitor-exhausted and effector-like CD8
+
T cells. SDC1 deficiency alters multiple signaling events in tumor cells, including enhanced IFN-γ–STAT1 signaling, and augments antigen presentation and sensitivity to T cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Combinatory inhibition of SDC1 markedly potentiates the therapeutic effects of anti-PD1 in inhibiting tumor growth. Consistently, the findings are supported by the data from human tumors showing that
SDC1
expression negatively correlates with T cell presence in tumor tissues and the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Our findings suggest that SDC1 inhibits antitumor immunity, and that targeting SDC1 may promote anti-PD1 response for cancer treatment.
Modeling Lewy body disease with
SNCA
triplication iPSC-derived cortical organoids and identifying therapeutic drugs
Authors: Jin Yunjung , Li Fuyao , Li Zonghua , Ikezu Tadafumi C. , O’Leary Justin , Selvaraj Manikandan , Zhu Yiyang , Martens Yuka A. , Koga Shunsuke , Santhakumar Hannah , Li Yonghe , Lu Wenyan , You Yang , Lolo Kiara , DeTure Michael , Beasley Alexandra I. , Davis Mary D. , McLean Pamela J. , Ross Owen A. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Ikezu Tsuneya , Caulfield Thomas , Carr Jonathan , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Bu Guojun , Dickson Dennis W. , Zhao Na
Published: September 2024

Aggregated α-synuclein (α-SYN) proteins, encoded by the
SNCA
gene, are hallmarks of Lewy body disease (LBD), affecting multiple brain regions. However, the specific mechanisms underlying α-SYN pathology in cortical neurons, crucial for LBD-associated dementia, remain unclear. Here, we recapitulated α-SYN pathologies in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)–derived cortical organoids generated from patients with LBD with
SNCA
gene triplication. Single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with functional and molecular validation, identified synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction in excitatory neurons exhibiting high expression of the
SNCA
gene, aligning with observations in the cortex of autopsy-confirmed LBD human brains. Furthermore, we screened 1280 Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs and identified four candidates (entacapone, tolcapone, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, and zalcitabine) that inhibited α-SYN seeding activity in real-time quaking-induced conversion assays with human brains, reduced α-SYN aggregation, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in
SNCA
triplication organoids and excitatory neurons. Our findings establish human cortical LBD models and suggest potential therapeutic drugs targeting α-SYN aggregation for LBD.
A computational mechanism of cue-stimulus integration for pain in the brain
Authors: Kim Jungwoo , Gim Suhwan , Yoo Seng Bum Michael , Woo Choong-Wan
Published: September 2024

The brain integrates information from pain-predictive cues and noxious inputs to construct the pain experience. Although previous studies have identified neural encodings of individual pain components, how they are integrated remains elusive. Here, using a cue-induced pain task, we examined temporal functional magnetic resonance imaging activities within the state space, where axes represent individual voxel activities. By analyzing the features of these activities at the large-scale network level, we demonstrated that overall brain networks preserve both cue and stimulus information in their respective subspaces within the state space. However, only higher-order brain networks, including limbic and default mode networks, could reconstruct the pattern of participants’ reported pain by linear summation of subspace activities, providing evidence for the integration of cue and stimulus information. These results suggest a hierarchical organization of the brain for processing pain components and elucidate the mechanism for their integration underlying our pain perception.
The impact of emissions controls on atmospheric nitrogen inputs to Chinese river basins highlights the urgency of ammonia abatement
Authors: Feng Sijie , Wang Mengru , Heal Mathew R. , Liu Xuejun , Liu Xueyan , Zhao Yuanhong , Strokal Maryna , Kroeze Carolien , Zhang Fusuo , Xu Wen
Published: September 2024

Excessive nitrogen (N) deposition affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide, but effectiveness of emissions controls and their impact on water pollution remains uncertain. In this modeling study, we assess historical and future N deposition trends in Chinese river basins and their contributions to water pollution via direct and indirect N deposition (the latter referring to transport of N to water from N deposited on land). The control of acid gas emissions (i.e., nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) has had limited effectiveness in reducing total N deposition, with notable contributions from agricultural reduced N deposition. Despite increasing controls on acid gas emissions between 2011 and 2019, N inputs to rivers increased by 3%, primarily through indirect deposition. Simultaneously controlling acid gas and ammonia emissions could reduce N deposition and water inputs by 56 and 47%, respectively, by 2050 compared to 2019. Our findings underscore the importance of agricultural ammonia mitigation in protecting water bodies.
Multi-receptor skin with highly sensitive tele-perception somatosensory
Authors: Du Yan , Shen Penghui , Liu Houfang , Zhang Yuyang , Jia Luyao , Pu Xiong , Yang Feiyao , Ren Tianling , Chu Daping , Wang Zhonglin , Wei Di
Published: September 2024

The limitations and complexity of traditional noncontact sensors in terms of sensitivity and threshold settings pose great challenges to extend the traditional five human senses. Here, we propose tele-perception to enhance human perception and cognition beyond these conventional noncontact sensors. Our bionic multi-receptor skin employs structured doping of inorganic nanoparticles to enhance the local electric field, coupled with advanced deep learning algorithms, achieving a Δ
V
/Δ
d
sensitivity of 14.2, surpassing benchmarks. This enables precise remote control of surveillance systems and robotic manipulators. Our long short-term memory–based adaptive pulse identification achieves 99.56% accuracy in material identification with accelerated processing speeds. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a two-dimensional (2D) sensor matrix to integrate real object scan data into a convolutional neural network to accurately discriminate the shape and material of 3D objects. This promises transformative advances in human-computer interaction and neuromorphic computing.
Mapping the Sun’s coronal magnetic field using the Zeeman effect
Authors: Schad Thomas A. , Petrie Gordon J.D. , Kuhn Jeffrey R. , Fehlmann Andre , Rimmele Thomas , Tritschler Alexandra , Woeger Friedrich , Scholl Isabelle , Williams Rebecca , Harrington David , Paraschiv Alin R. , Szente Judit
Published: September 2024

Regular remote sensing of the magnetic field embedded within the million-degree solar corona is severely lacking. This reality impedes fundamental investigations of the nature of coronal heating, the generation of solar and stellar winds, and the impulsive release of energy into the solar system via flares and other eruptive phenomena. Resulting from advancements in large aperture solar coronagraphy, we report unprecedented maps of polarized spectra emitted at 1074 nm by Fe
+12
atoms in the active corona. We detect clear signatures of the Zeeman effect that are produced by the coronal magnetic field along the optically thin path length of its formation. Our comparisons with global magnetohydrodynamic models highlight the valuable constraints that these measurements provide for coronal modeling efforts, which are anticipated to yield subsequent benefits for space weather research and forecasting.
Subaerial crust emergence hindered by phase-driven lower crust densification on early Earth
Authors: Tang Ming , Chen Hao , Lee Cin-Ty A. , Cao Wenrong
Published: September 2024

Earth owes much of its dynamic surface to its bimodal hypsometry, manifested by high-riding continents and low-riding ocean basins. The thickness of the crust in the lithosphere exerts the dominant control on the long-wavelength elevations of continents. However, there is a limit to how high elevations can rise by crustal thickening. With continuous crustal thickening, the mafic lower crust eventually undergoes a densifying phase transition, arresting further elevation gain—an effect clearly observed in modern orogenic belts. On early Earth, lower crust densification should also limit how high a thickening crust can rise, regardless of the thickening mechanisms. We suggest that lower crust densification combined with a thicker oceanic crust in the Archean may have limited the whole-Earth topographic relief to 3 to 5 kilometers at most—half that of the present day. Unless the oceans were far less voluminous, limited relief would inevitably lead to a water world on early Earth.
Recurrent ganglion cyst in the anterolateral portal following knee arthroscopy
Authors: McAllister Rebecca , Min Kyong
Published: September 2024

Ganglion cysts (GC) are an uncommon complication following arthroscopic knee surgery. Due to high rates of recurrence following GC resection, many symptomatic patients can experience pain and discomfort for years. The presence of a GC at the site of an arthroscopic knee portal has only been reported once before in the literature. This case report details the history, physical and treatment of an active-duty soldier who had undergone various aspirations and surgical resections with limited improvement until the most recent operative intervention. At 18 months postoperatively, the patient had not experienced recurrence and had returned to all activities. We believe this surgical technique yielded resolution of the GC because following resection, the joint was checked to exclude areas of fluid extravasation, the capsule closure was performed with non-absorbable barbed suture and the operative extremity was immobilised in extension for 2 weeks to promote soft tissue rest and healing.
Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction in the setting of uncontrolled atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response
Authors: Murphy Melissa , Lee Andrew , Willard Frank , Price Kevin
Published: September 2024

This case report outlines the first reported case of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct, likely stemming from a rare artery of Percheron (AOP) variant, secondary to uncontrolled atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. We underscore the importance of considering hypoperfusion due to decreased cerebral perfusion as a potential mechanism in cryptogenic AOP infarcts, challenging the conventional association with embolic etiology. This report contributes to the limited literature on AOP infarctions, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers for diverse clinical presentations and potential etiologies to improve diagnosis and management, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) osteomyelitis: a rare complication of BCG vaccination
Authors: Venugopal Vindhu , Ng David Chun-Ern
Published: September 2024

The BCG vaccine is considered a safe and efficacious vaccine in the prevention of severe forms of tuberculosis. BCG osteomyelitis is a rare complication of the BCG vaccine that occurs in vaccinated young children. We report a case of BCG osteomyelitis in a male toddler, presenting with painful left wrist swelling without preceding fever or systemic symptoms. Radiographic evidence of osteomyelitis in the left wrist was observed. Initial treatment with conventional antibiotics for acute haematogenous osteomyelitis showed no improvement. The diagnosis ofMycobacterium bovisBCG osteomyelitis was confirmed via tissue samples for histopathological examination and mycobacterial cultures. The patient responded well to treatment with oral antituberculous therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering BCG osteomyelitis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained joint swelling in BCG-vaccinated young children.
Thermal effects on tensile strength of a compacted soil
Authors: Cheng Qing , Zhang Shu-Xing , Tang Chao-Sheng , Tian Ben-Gang , Shi Bin
Published: September 2024

Soil tensile strength holds paramount significance in many geotechnical applications, frequently encountering non-isothermal conditions. This study aims to investigate thermal effects on tensile strength of a compacted lean clay, considering various dry densities and microstructures induced by varying compaction water contents during desiccation process. Direct tensile tests are conducted to assess the tensile strength of each soil specimen. Experimental findings demonstrate that both dry density and compaction water content significantly influence tensile strength. Higher soil density leads to reduced void spaces, increasing contact points and friction, ultimately enhancing tensile strength. Moreover, higher compaction water content shifts the soil structure from aggregated to dispersed, reducing pore size and increasing inter-particle contact forces, resulting in greater tensile strength. Regarding thermal effects, elevated temperatures reduce soil tensile strength due to increased double layer repulsion forces and decreased suction-induced inter-particle normal forces. In terms of sensitivity to temperature changes, higher dry densities render the soil specimen less susceptible to temperature fluctuations. The soil specimens compacted with a dispersed microstructure on the wet side exhibit the highest sensitivity to temperature changes, followed by specimens compacted at the optimum water content. In contrast, those compacted on the dry side with an aggregated microstructure display the lowest sensitivity.
Automatic Filling Analysis of Chinese Word Segmentation System Under Computer-Embedded Network Analysis
Authors: Liu Xin
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of computer-embedded network technology, Chinese word segmentation system, as one of the key technologies in the field of natural language processing, has increasingly attracted attention for its automatic filling and analysis function. The implementation of this function is of great significance for improving text processing efficiency and enhancing information extraction accuracy. This paper conducts in-depth research on the automatic filling mechanism of Chinese word segmentation systems based on computer-embedded network analysis. Firstly, we elaborated on the basic principles of Chinese word segmentation systems and their applications in network environments. The word segmentation system divides continuous Chinese character sequences into meaningful lexical units, providing a foundation for subsequent natural language processing tasks. With the support of embedded computer networks, word segmentation systems can achieve real-time and efficient text processing, meeting the needs of various application scenarios. Next, this paper focuses on analyzing the operation process of the automatic filling mechanism in the Chinese word segmentation system. The automatic filling function is based on a large-scale corpus and advanced algorithm models, and achieves automatic prediction and filling of unknown vocabulary or phrases by learning and recognizing vocabulary patterns in the text. This mechanism not only improves the accuracy of word segmentation, but also greatly enhances the automation level of text processing. In addition, we also explored the key factors that affect the automatic filling effect of Chinese word segmentation systems. These factors include the size and quality of the corpus, the complexity and generalization ability of the algorithm model, as well as text types and domain characteristics. We have proposed a series of optimization strategies and suggestions to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of automatic filling analysis in response to these factors.
FITTING DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT FORWARD RATE CURVES: ALGORITHM AND COMPARISON
Authors: WU DAVID , JARROW ROBERT
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a new methodology for estimating dynamically consistent forward rate curves, which are essential for obtaining arbitrage-free valuation and risk management models. Using U.S. Treasury data from January 2013 to June 2023, we fit dynamically consistent forward rates curves and test the goodness of fit between theoretical and observed prices. We compare the traditional static forward rate curve parameterizations (including Nelson–Siegel, Svensson, and cubic splines) with our new dynamically consistent methodology. The dynamically consistent forward rate curve estimates generally outperform the traditional static methods in reproducing market prices.
On the structure of a Turaev coalgebra
Authors: Zhu Haixing , Zhong Ziwei
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a discrete group with neutral element 1. We prove that a Turaev coalgebra H = [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to Radford’s biproduct of a Turaev–Hopf subalgebra and a braided Turaev coalgebra if and only if the neutral component [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to some Radford’s biproduct. This result would provide us a method to construct some new examples of non-semisimple Turaev coalgebras, and a possibility of the classifications of Turaev coalgebras by their Hopf subalgebras.
Big Data Generation and Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models in Predicting the Fundamental Period of Steel Structures Considering Soil–Structure Interaction
Authors: van der Westhuizen Ashley Megan , Bakas Nikolaos , Markou George
Published: September 2024

The computing of the fundamental period of structures during seismic design is well documented in design codes but is mainly dependent on the height of the structure, which is considered to be the most influential parameter. It is, however, important to consider a phenomenon called the soil–structure interaction (SSI), as this has been found to have a detrimental effect, especially for buildings founded on soft soils. A pilot research project foresaw the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms trained on relatively limited datasets for the development of a more accurate and objective fundamental period formula. Therefore, a dataset that consists of 98,308 fundamental period data points was created through the use of a High-Performance Computer (HPC), which is the largest dataset of its kind. The HPC results were then used to train, test, and validate different ML algorithms. It was found that XGBoost-HYT-CV with hyperparameter tuning performed the best with a correlation of 99.99% and a mean average percentage error (MAPE) of 0.5%. Furthermore, the XGBoost-HYT-CV model outperformed all under-study ML models when using an additional dataset that consisted of out-of-sample building geometries and soil properties, with a resulting MAPE of 9%. Finally, irregular buildings were also used to test the performance of the proposed predictive models.
A Survey on the Role of Crowds in Combating Online Misinformation: Annotators, Evaluators, and Creators
Authors: He Bing , Hu Yibo , Lee Yeon-Chang , Oh Soyoung , Verma Gaurav , Kumar Srijan
Published: September 2024

Online misinformation poses a global risk with significant real-world consequences. To combat misinformation, current research relies on professionals like journalists and fact-checkers for annotating and debunking false information while also developing automated machine learning methods for detecting misinformation. Complementary to these approaches, recent research has increasingly concentrated on utilizing the power of ordinary social media users, a.k.a. “the crowd,” who act as eyes-on-the-ground proactively questioning and countering misinformation. Notably, recent studies show that 96% of counter-misinformation responses originate from them. Acknowledging their prominent role, we present the first systematic and comprehensive survey of research papers that actively leverage the crowds to combat misinformation.

In this survey, we first identify 88 papers related to crowd-based efforts,

1

following a meticulous annotation process adhering to the PRISMA framework (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses). We then present key statistics related to misinformation, counter-misinformation, and crowd input in different formats and topics. Upon holistic analysis of the papers, we introduce a novel taxonomy of the roles played by the crowds in combating misinformation: (i)
crowds as annotators
who actively identify misinformation; (ii)
crowds as evaluators
who assess counter-misinformation effectiveness; (iii)
crowds as creators
who create counter-misinformation. This taxonomy explores the crowd’s capabilities in misinformation detection, identifies the prerequisites for effective counter-misinformation, and analyzes crowd-generated counter-misinformation. In each assigned role, we conduct a detailed analysis to categorize the specific utilization of the crowd. Particularly, we delve into (i) distinguishing individual, collaborative, and machine-assisted labeling for annotators; (ii) analyzing the effectiveness of counter-misinformation through surveys, interviews, and in-lab experiments for evaluators; and (iii) characterizing creation patterns and creator profiles for creators. Finally, we conclude this survey by outlining potential avenues for future research in this field.
Summary of EvoStar 2024
Authors: Mégane Jessica
Published: September 2024

This year's EvoStar conference was held from April 3rd to 5th in the beautiful town of Aberystwyth, a place as delightful to visit as it is challenging to pronounce!
Gut Microbiota–Related Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Silva Carolina Alves Costa , Fidelle Marine , Almonte Andrew A. , Derosa Lisa , Zitvogel Laurence
Published: September 2024

Carcinogenesis is associated with the emergence of protracted intestinal dysbiosis and metabolic changes. Increasing evidence shows that gut microbiota–related biomarkers and microbiota-centered interventions are promising strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy. However, current standard methods for evaluating gut microbiota composition are cost- and time-consuming. The development of routine diagnostic tools for intestinal barrier alterations and dysbiosis constitutes a critical unmet medical need that can guide routine treatment and microbiota-centered intervention decisions in patients with cancer. In this review, we explore the influence of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy and highlight gut-associated biomarkers that have the potential to be transformed into simple diagnostic tools, thus guiding standard treatment decisions in the field of immuno-oncology. Mechanistic insights toward leveraging the complex relationship between cancer immunosurveillance, gut microbiota, and metabolism open exciting opportunities for developing novel biomarkers in immuno-oncology.
Weight Loss Blockbuster Development: A Role for Unimolecular Polypharmacology
Authors: Zhou Qingtong , Li Guanyi , Hang Kaini , Li Jie , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei
Published: September 2024

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impact more than 2.5 billion adults worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Unimolecular polypharmacology, which involves designing single molecules to target multiple receptors or pathways simultaneously, has revolutionized treatment strategies. Blockbuster drugs such as tirzepatide and retatrutide have shown unprecedented success in managing obesity and T2DM, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to conventional single agonists. Tirzepatide, in particular, has garnered tremendous attention for its remarkable effectiveness in promoting weight loss and improving glycemic control, while offering additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Despite their promises, such therapeutic agents also face challenges that include gastrointestinal side effects, patient compliance issues, and body weight rebound after cessation of the treatment. Nonetheless, the development of these therapies marks a significant leap forward, underscoring the transformative potential of unimolecular polypharmacology in addressing metabolic diseases and paving the way for future innovations in personalized medicine.
High-Dimensional Gene–Environment Interaction Analysis
Authors: Wu Mengyun , Li Yingmeng , Ma Shuangge
Published: September 2024

Beyond the main genetic and environmental effects, gene–environment (G–E) interactions have been demonstrated to significantly contribute to the development and progression of complex diseases. Published analyses of G–E interactions have primarily used a supervised framework to model both low-dimensional environmental factors and high-dimensional genetic factors in relation to disease outcomes. In this article, we aim to provide a selective review of methodological developments in G–E interaction analysis from a statistical perspective. The three main families of techniques are hypothesis testing, variable selection, and dimension reduction, which lead to three general frameworks: testing-based, estimation-based, and prediction-based. Linear- and nonlinear-effects analysis, fixed- and random-effects analysis, marginal and joint analysis, and Bayesian and frequentist analysis are reviewed to facilitate the conduct of interaction analysis in a wide range of situations with various assumptions and objectives. Statistical properties, computations, applications, and future directions are also discussed.
Unveiling the Versatile Applications of Cobalt Oxide-Embedded Nitrogen-Doped Porous Graphene for Enhanced Energy Storage and Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid
Authors: Agadi Naveenkumar P. , Hegde Shreeganesh Subraya , Teradal Nagappa L. , Bhat Badeki Ramachandra , Seetharamappa Jaldappagari
Published: September 2024

The advancement of electrode materials is essential for addressing the energy and biomedical challenges. A multi-functional approach was employed to create a new electrode material of cobalt oxide-embedded nitrogen-doped porous graphene (Co3O4@NpG) for sensing and energy storage applications. In the present study, we have fabricated a new electrochemical sensing platform based on Co3O4@NpG. The sensing performance and selective detection capability of the demonstrated sensor was optimized and tested by determining dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA) simultaneously in analyte fortified biological samples. The sensing response is noticed to be linearly dependent upon the concentration of AA, DA, and UA in the range of 0.1–450, 0.1–502, and 0.2–396 μM, respectively. This material also showed good electrochemical energy storage performance when assessed as a supercapacitor electrode. The Co3O4@NpG electrode material showcased a remarkable specific capacitance of 314.58 Fg−1, an energy density of 10.06 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 240 Wkg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1, in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, along with excellent long-term cycling stability. Hence, the material Co3O4@NpG stands out as a promising multifunctional electrode candidate, excelling in the precise simultaneous detection of critical biomolecules besides exhibiting superior energy storage performance.
Hypoxia evokes a sequence of raphe-pontomedullary network operations for inspiratory drive amplification and gasping
Authors: Nuding Sarah C. , Segers Lauren S. , Iceman Kimberly E. , O’Connor Russell , Dean Jay B. , Valarezo Pierina A. , Shuman Dale , Solomon Irene C. , Bolser Donald C. , Morris Kendall F. , Lindsey Bruce G.
Published: September 2024

Severe hypoxia evokes a sequence of breathing-related behaviors culminating in gasping. We report firing rate modulations and short-timescale correlations in spike trains recorded simultaneously in the raphe-pontomedullary respiratory network during hypoxia. Our findings support a disinhibitory microcircuit and a distributed efference copy mechanism for amplification of gasping. Coordinated increments in blood pressure lead to a model for autoresuscitative bootstrapping of peripheral chemoreceptor reflexes, breathing, and sympathetic activity, complementing and extending prior work.
Human foot force informs balance control strategies when standing on a narrow beam
Authors: Shiozawa Kaymie , Russo Marta , Lee Jongwoo , Hogan Neville , Sternad Dagmar
Published: September 2024

This study explored balance control in humans during a challenging task using the novel intersection point analysis, based on foot-ground force direction and point of application. Experimental data of subjects standing on a narrow beam in tandem stance were compared with modeling results of a double-inverted pendulum. The analysis showed that individuals minimized effort by adjusting ankle and hip torques, shedding light on the interplay of biomechanics and neural control in maintaining balance.
Assessment of Tissue Eosinophilic Infiltration in Invasive Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Hasan Farah Falah , Fadhil Mohammed Haider , Almukhtar Zainab Khalid
Published: September 2024

Background: Stromal inflammatory cells in malignant tissue have recently gained increasing interest. Unlike the extensive research on tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, published data about tumor‐infiltrating eosinophils in breast cancer are scarce. Furthermore, similar studies have yet to be conducted in Iraq.

Aims: The objective of this study is to examine the presence of eosinophilic infiltration by direct visualization using light microscopy and to analyze its relationship with other histological parameters in a group of Iraqi women diagnosed with invasive mammary cancer.

Methods and material: A retrospective study enrolled 90 histological samples of invasive mammary carcinoma provided by core needle biopsy from a single center, together with their immunohistochemical results for ER and HER2‐NEU. Data reviewing, direct morphological visualizations, and counting eosinophilic infiltration in tissue sections were done by two independent pathologists using light microscopy. The results were statistically correlated with the grade, ER, HER2‐NEU, calcification, and axillary lymph node status at presentation.

Results: Out of the entire sample size (90), 40 (44%) showed the presence of eosinophilic infiltration in the tissue, both intratumoral and stromal. Further analysis revealed that most eosinophilic infiltrates had an intermediate score (4−19) per 10 consecutive high‐power fields. A strong and meaningful statistical relationship was seen between tissue eosinophilic infiltration and HER2/NEU status. A statistically insignificant correlation was seen between tissue eosinophilic infiltration and histological grade, ER receptor status, calcification, and axillary lymph node status at presentation.

Conclusions: Eosinophils are tumor‐infiltrating cells in breast cancer, both intratumoral and stromal. The presence of tissue eosinophilic infiltration can predict HER2/NEU negativity in breast cancer.
Effect of Origanum onites L. Essential Oil and Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Physicochemical, Microbial, and Sensory Properties of Iranian White Cheese
Authors: Razavi Razie , Toosi Ehsan , Sheikholeslami Mahjoub , Konjedi Maryam , Hajian-Tilaki Adel , Najafi Ali
Published: September 2024

This study investigated into the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Origanum onites essential oil (OEO) and the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Iranian white cheese quality during storage at 4°C for 45 days. OEO contains 28.43 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g dw and exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests. Iranian white cheese inoculated with Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus followed by the addition of OEO at two concentrations of 2000 and 3000 ppm, and then treated by CAP for 3 and 7 min. Samples were stored at 4°C. pH, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), L∗, a∗, b∗ color indexes, microbial count, and sensory properties of cheese samples were evaluated on days 0, 7, 15, 30, and 45. The pH value, L∗, a∗, b∗ indexes and sensorial properties of all samples decreased over time, while the TBA value and bacterial count increased. The physiochemical, microbial, and sensorial findings suggested that a combination of OEO (2500 ppm) and CAP (3 min) could be helpful in the induction of microbial growth and oxidative reactions in Iranian white cheese.
The NewGait Rehabilitative Device Corrects Gait Deviations in Individuals With Foot Drop
Authors: Ustinova Ksenia I. , Langenderfer Joseph E.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this quasiexperimental study was to test the effects of wearing the NewGait rehabilitative device on walking abilities in individuals with foot drop. The study involved 16 participants with foot drops caused by stroke (11 participants), multiple sclerosis (one participant), and peripheral neuropathies (four individuals). During a single testing session, participants walked 12 m at their self‐selected speed in four experimental conditions: walking without any orthotic device; walking while wearing a regular plastic posterior leaf ankle foot orthosis (AFO); walking with the NewGait device assisting ankle dorsiflexion only; and walking with the NewGait device assisting the hip, knee, and ankle joint motions. Body motions during walking were recorded using a 3D system for motion analysis and analyzed with a set of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters and a gait decomposition index. The gait decomposition index indicated sagittal interjoint coordination in the three joint pairs (hip–knee, knee–ankle, and hip–ankle) of the paretic (foot drop) leg during walking and was validated in a previous study. Overall, wearing all three orthotic devices improved the gait velocity, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot clearance compared to gait trials in which no assistive devices were used. However, wearing the AFO significantly restricted the plantarflexion range of motion and decreased interjoint coordination as measured by joint decomposition. In contrast, the NewGait device altered the ankle plantarflexion motions but also increased coordinated movement (reduced the decomposition) in most lower‐extremity joint pairs and conditions. Therefore, the NewGait rehabilitative device can be considered superior to a regular AFO in correcting gait deviations caused by foot drop.
Potential Activities of Centella asiatica Leaf Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria‐Associated Biofilms and Its Anti‐Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Chonsut Piriya , Romyasamit Chonticha , Konyanee Atthaphon , Niyomtham Nattisa , Goodla Lavanya , Mordmuang Auemphon
Published: September 2024

The medicinal value of Centella asiatica leaf extract was evaluated as an alternative treatment. The chemical composition of the leaf extract was analyzed, and the biological activities were determined. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC‐PDA) was used to identify the asiatic acid, madasiatic acid, and madecassic acid/Brahmic acid isolated from the ethanolic extract. The plant extract at 25 mg/disk was found to inhibit both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria by the agar disk diffusion test. The MIC and MBC of the ethanolic extracts were better than those of the aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts showed antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria with MICs and MBCs ranging from 1.024 to 2.048 mg/mL and 2.048 to 4.096 mg/mL, respectively. The remarkable antibacterial activities were observed against S. mutans. The ethanolic extract at a concentration of 1/2 × MIC exhibited the inhibition effect on S. mutans biofilm formation like the activity of 0.2% chlorhexidine and significantly modified hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface. The effects were confirmed via molecular docking analysis. The binding affinities of asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and madasiatic acid with glucosyltransferase C (GtfC) of S. mutans exhibited superior strength in comparison with alpha‐acarbose and chlorhexidine. Moreover, the nitric oxide (NO) secretion of RAW247.6 cells was determined after treating the cells with concentrations of the extract. The C. asiatica ethanolic extract can inhibit the secretion of NO, which can inhibit the inflammatory process. The findings indicate the applications of the C. asiatica ethanolic extract as the alternative anti‐S. mutans agent and could be used for further formulation for the treatment and prevention of dental diseases and inflammatory injury in the oral cavity.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Mechanism of Anoikis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Dongqian , Bao Qian , Ren Shiqi , Ding Haoxiang , Guo Chengfeng , Gao Kai , Wan Jian , Wang Yao , Zhu MingYan , Xiong Yicheng
Published: September 2024

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ranking as the second‐leading cause of global mortality among malignancies, poses a substantial burden on public health worldwide. Anoikis, a type of programmed cell death, serves as a barrier against the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, thereby constraining the progression of cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanism of genes related to anoikis in HCC is yet to be elucidated. Methods. This paper’s data (TCGA‐HCC) were retrieved from the database of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential gene expression with prognostic implications for anoikis was identified by performing both the univariate Cox and differential expression analyses. Through unsupervised cluster analysis, we clustered the samples according to these DEGs. By employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis (CRA), a clinical predictive gene signature was generated from the DEGs. The Cell‐Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm was used to determine the proportions of immune cell types. The external validation data (GSE76427) were procured from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to verify the performance of the clinical prognosis gene signature. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis confirmed the expression of risk genes. Results. In total, 23 prognostic DEGs were identified. Based on these 23 DEGs, the samples were categorized into four distinct subgroups (clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4). In addition, a clinical predictive gene signature was constructed utilizing ETV4, PBK, and SLC2A1. The gene signature efficiently distinguished individuals into two risk groups, specifically low and high, demonstrating markedly higher survival rates in the former group. Significant correlations were observed between the expression of these risk genes and a variety of immune cells. Moreover, the outcomes from the validation cohort analysis aligned consistently with those obtained from the training cohort analysis. The results of Western blotting and IHC showed that ETV4, PBK, and SLC2A1 were upregulated in HCC samples. Conclusion. The outcomes of this paper underscore the effectiveness of the clinical prognostic gene signature, established utilizing anoikis‐related genes, in accurately stratifying patients. This signature holds promise in advancing the development of personalized therapy for HCC.
Challenges and Advances in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering Critical Factors Affecting Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Fakhr Massoumeh Jabbari , Kavakebian Fatemeh , Ababzadeh Shima , Rezapour Alireza
Published: September 2024

Peripheral neuropathy is painful and can cause a considerable decline in quality of life. Surgery and autograft are the current approaches and clinical standards for restoring function after nerve damage. However, they usually result in unacceptable clinical results, so we need modern peripheral nerve defect treatment approaches. Tissue engineering techniques have been developed as a promising approach, but there are some considerations for translational application. Clinical application of novel tissue engineering methods is related to combining the appropriate cell and scaffold type to introduce safe and efficient bioscaffolds. Efficient nerve regeneration occurs by mimicking the extracellular matrix and combining topographical, biochemical, mechanical, and conductive signs via different cells, biomolecules, and polymers. In brief, ideal engineered biomaterial scaffolds will have to cover all characteristics of nerve tissue, such as nerve number, myelin, and axon thickness. Nerve regeneration has a highly sensitive response to its surrounding microenvironment. For designing a suitable construct, matching the regenerative potential of the autograft as the golden standard is essential. This review article examines the newest advancements in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Specifically, the discussion will focus on incorporating innovative cues, biological modification, biomaterials, techniques, and concepts in this area of research.
Table S2 from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: September 2024

Supplement Table 2, related to Figure 5 and 6.
Table S1 from A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves
Published: September 2024

Supplement Table 1
PELP1 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nassar Khaled Mohamed , Yang Xue , Baker Adriana , Gopalam Rahul , Arnold William C. , Adeniran Timilehin T. , Hernandez Fernandez Marian H. , Mahajan Megharani , Lai Zhao , Chen Yidong , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Sun Lu-Zhe , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Pratap Uday P.
Published: September 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with a median survival period of approximately 10 months. There is an urgent need for the development of effective targeted therapies for the treatment of HCC. Proline-, glutamic acid–, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) signaling is implicated in the progression of many cancers, although its specific contribution to the progression of HCC is not yet well understood. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas HCC gene expression data sets and IHC analysis of HCC tissue microarray revealed that HCC tumors had elevated expression of PELP1 compared with normal tissues, and high expression of PELP1 is associated with unfavorable survival outcomes. Suppression of PELP1 expression using short hairpin RNA significantly reduced the cell viability, clonogenicity, and invasion of HCC cells. Importantly, SMIP34, a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor targeting PELP1, effectively decreased the cell viability, clonogenic survival, and invasiveness of HCC cells. Gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that PELP1 knockdown cells exhibited a decrease in c-Myc, E2F, and other oncogenic pathways related to HCC. Mechanistic studies showed that SMIP34 treatment impaired the Rix complex, a critical component of ribosomal biogenesis, in HCC cells. Furthermore, the knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of PELP1 significantly decelerated the HCC tumor growth in xenograft models. In summary, our study findings indicate that PELP1 could serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in HCC.

Significance:

HCC is one of the leading causes of cancer fatalities in the United States. Effective targeted therapeutics for HCC are urgently needed. In this study, we show that PELP1 proto-oncogene is crucial to HCC progression and that PELP1 inhibition reduced HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Our results imply that PELP1-targeted drugs like SMIP34 may be useful as new therapeutic agents for HCC treatment.