bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitutively active Lyn kinase causes a cutaneous small vessel vasculitis and liver fibrosis syndrome
Authors: de Jesus Adriana A. , Chen Guibin , Yang Dan , Brdicka Tomas , Ruth Natasha M. , Bennin David , Cebecauerova Dita , Malcova Hana , Freeman Helen , Martin Neil , Svojgr Karel , Passo Murray H. , Bhuyan Farzana , Alehashemi Sara , Rastegar Andre T. , Uss Katsiaryna , Kardava Lela , Marrero Bernadette , Duric Iris , Omoyinmi Ebun , Peldova Petra , Lee Chyi-Chia Richard , Kleiner David E. , Hadigan Colleen M. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Pittaluga Stefania , Carmona-Rivera Carmelo , Calvo Katherine R. , Shah Nirali , Balascakova Miroslava , Fink Danielle L. , Kotalova Radana , Parackova Zuzana , Peterkova Lucie , Kuzilkova Daniela , Campr Vit , Sramkova Lucie , Biancotto Angelique , Brooks Stephen R. , Manes Cameron , Meffre Eric , Harper Rebecca L. , Kuehn Hyesun , Kaplan Mariana J. , Brogan Paul , Rosenzweig Sergio D. , Merchant Melinda , Deng Zuoming , Huttenlocher Anna , Moir Susan L. , Kuhns Douglas B. , Boehm Manfred , Skvarova Kramarzova Karolina , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela
Published: March 2023

Neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases; pathomechanisms that regulate extravasation of damaging immune cells into surrounding tissues are poorly understood. Here we identified three unrelated boys with perinatal-onset of neutrophilic cutaneous small vessel vasculitis and systemic inflammation. Two patients developed liver fibrosis in their first year of life. Next-generation sequencing identified two de novo truncating variants in the Src-family tyrosine kinase,LYN, p.Y508*, p.Q507* and a de novo missense variant, p.Y508F, that result in constitutive activation of Lyn kinase. Functional studies revealed increased expression of ICAM-1 on induced patient-derived endothelial cells (iECs) and of β2-integrins on patient neutrophils that increase neutrophil adhesion and vascular transendothelial migration (TEM). Treatment with TNF inhibition improved systemic inflammation; and liver fibrosis resolved on treatment with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib. Our findings reveal a critical role for Lyn kinase in modulating inflammatory signals, regulating microvascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment, and in promoting hepatic fibrosis.
The cerebellum regulates fear extinction through thalamo-prefrontal cortex interactions in male mice
Authors: Frontera Jimena L. , Sala Romain W. , Georgescu Ioana A. , Baba Aissa Hind , d’Almeida Marion N. , Popa Daniela , Léna Clément
Published: March 2023

Fear extinction is a form of inhibitory learning that suppresses the expression of aversive memories and plays a key role in the recovery of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Here, using male mice, we identify a cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway regulating fear extinction. The cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) projects to the lateral subregion of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD), which is reciprocally connected with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). The inhibition of FN inputs to MD in male mice impairs fear extinction in animals with high fear responses and increases the bursting of MD neurons, a firing pattern known to prevent extinction learning. Indeed, this MD bursting is followed by high levels of the dmPFC 4 Hz oscillations causally associated with fear responses during fear extinction, and the inhibition of FN-MD neurons increases the coherence of MD bursts and oscillations with dmPFC 4 Hz oscillations. Overall, these findings reveal a regulation of fear-related thalamo-cortical dynamics by the cerebellum and its contribution to fear extinction.
Sea level rise from West Antarctic mass loss significantly modified by large snowfall anomalies
Authors: Davison Benjamin J. , Hogg Anna E. , Rigby Richard , Veldhuijsen Sanne , van Wessem Jan Melchior , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Holland Paul R. , Selley Heather L. , Dutrieux Pierre
Published: March 2023

Mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is dominated by glaciers draining into the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), yet the impact of anomalous precipitation on the mass balance of the ASE is poorly known. Here we present a 25-year (1996–2021) record of ASE input-output mass balance and evaluate how two periods of anomalous precipitation affected its sea level contribution. Since 1996, the ASE has lost 3331 ± 424 Gt ice, contributing 9.2 ± 1.2 mm to global sea level. Overall, surface mass balance anomalies contributed little (7.7%) to total mass loss; however, two anomalous precipitation events had larger, albeit short-lived, impacts on rates of mass change. During 2009–2013, persistently low snowfall led to an additional 51 ± 4 Gt yr−1 mass loss in those years (contributing positively to the total loss of 195 ± 4 Gt yr−1). Contrastingly, extreme precipitation in the winters of 2019 and 2020 decreased mass loss by 60 ± 16 Gt yr−1 during those years (contributing negatively to the total loss of 107 ± 15 Gt yr−1). These results emphasise the important impact of extreme snowfall variability on the short-term sea level contribution from West Antarctica.
An anti-HER2 biparatopic antibody that induces unique HER2 clustering and complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Authors: Weisser Nina E. , Sanches Mario , Escobar-Cabrera Eric , O’Toole Jason , Whalen Elizabeth , Chan Peter W. Y. , Wickman Grant , Abraham Libin , Choi Kate , Harbourne Bryant , Samiotakis Antonios , Rojas Andrea Hernández , Volkers Gesa , Wong Jodi , Atkinson Claire E. , Baardsnes Jason , Worrall Liam J. , Browman Duncan , Smith Emma E. , Baichoo Priya , Cheng Chi Wing , Guedia Joy , Kang Sohyeong , Mukhopadhyay Abhishek , Newhook Lisa , Ohrn Anders , Raghunatha Prajwal , Zago-Schmitt Matteo , Schrag Joseph D. , Smith Joel , Zwierzchowski Patricia , Scurll Joshua M. , Fung Vincent , Black Sonia , Strynadka Natalie C. J. , Gold Michael R. , Presta Leonard G. , Ng Gordon , Dixit Surjit
Published: March 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an oncogenic role in breast, gastric and other solid tumors. However, anti-HER2 therapies are only currently approved for the treatment of breast and gastric/gastric esophageal junction cancers and treatment resistance remains a problem. Here, we engineer an anti-HER2 IgG1 bispecific, biparatopic antibody (Ab), zanidatamab, with unique and enhanced functionalities compared to both trastuzumab and the combination of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (tras + pert). Zanidatamab binds adjacent HER2 molecules in trans and initiates distinct HER2 reorganization, as shown by polarized cell surface HER2 caps and large HER2 clusters, not observed with trastuzumab or tras + pert. Moreover, zanidatamab, but not trastuzumab nor tras + pert, elicit potent complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against high HER2-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Zanidatamab also mediates HER2 internalization and downregulation, inhibition of both cell signaling and tumor growth, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis (ADCP), and also shows superior in vivo antitumor activity compared to tras + pert in a HER2-expressing xenograft model. Collectively, we show that zanidatamab has multiple and distinct mechanisms of action derived from the structural effects of biparatopic HER2 engagement.
Lateral hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons drive hunger-gated food-seeking and consummatory behaviours in male mice
Authors: Lee Young Hee , Kim Yu-Been , Kim Kyu Sik , Jang Mirae , Song Ha Young , Jung Sang-Ho , Ha Dong-Soo , Park Joon Seok , Lee Jaegeon , Kim Kyung Min , Cheon Deok-Hyeon , Baek Inhyeok , Shin Min-Gi , Lee Eun Jeong , Kim Sang Jeong , Choi Hyung Jin
Published: March 2023

For survival, it is crucial for eating behaviours to be sequenced through two distinct seeking and consummatory phases. Heterogeneous lateral hypothalamus (LH) neurons are known to regulate motivated behaviours, yet which subpopulation drives food seeking and consummatory behaviours have not been fully addressed. Here, in male mice, fibre photometry recordings demonstrated that LH leptin receptor (LepR) neurons are correlated explicitly in both voluntary seeking and consummatory behaviours. Further, micro-endoscope recording of the LHLepR neurons demonstrated that one subpopulation is time-locked to seeking behaviours and the other subpopulation time-locked to consummatory behaviours. Seeking or consummatory phase specific paradigm revealed that activation of LHLepR neurons promotes seeking or consummatory behaviours and inhibition of LHLepR neurons reduces consummatory behaviours. The activity of LHLepR neurons was increased via Neuropeptide Y (NPY) which acted as a tonic permissive gate signal. Our results identify neural populations that mediate seeking and consummatory behaviours and may lead to therapeutic targets for maladaptive food seeking and consummatory behaviours.
Chirality coupling in topological magnetic textures with multiple magnetochiral parameters
Authors: Volkov Oleksii M. , Wolf Daniel , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Kákay Attila , Sheka Denis D. , Büchner Bernd , Fassbender Jürgen , Lubk Axel , Makarov Denys
Published: March 2023

Chiral effects originate from the lack of inversion symmetry within the lattice unit cell or sample’s shape. Being mapped onto magnetic ordering, chirality enables topologically non-trivial textures with a given handedness. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a static 3D texture characterized by two magnetochiral parameters being magnetic helicity of the vortex and geometrical chirality of the core string itself in geometrically curved asymmetric permalloy cap with a size of 80 nm and a vortex ground state. We experimentally validate the nonlocal chiral symmetry breaking effect in this object, which leads to the geometric deformation of the vortex string into a helix with curvature 3 μm−1 and torsion 11 μm−1. The geometric chirality of the vortex string is determined by the magnetic helicity of the vortex texture, constituting coupling of two chiral parameters within the same texture. Beyond the vortex state, we anticipate that complex curvilinear objects hosting 3D magnetic textures like curved skyrmion tubes and hopfions can be characterized by multiple coupled magnetochiral parameters, that influence their statics and field- or current-driven dynamics for spin-orbitronics and magnonics.
Precise programming of multigene expression stoichiometry in mammalian cells by a modular and programmable transcriptional system
Authors: Qin Chenrui , Xiang Yanhui , Liu Jie , Zhang Ruilin , Liu Ziming , Li Tingting , Sun Zhi , Ouyang Xiaoyi , Zong Yeqing , Zhang Haoqian M. , Ouyang Qi , Qian Long , Lou Chunbo
Published: March 2023

Context-dependency of mammalian transcriptional elements has hindered the quantitative investigation of multigene expression stoichiometry and its biological functions. Here, we describe a host- and local DNA context-independent transcription system to gradually fine-tune single and multiple gene expression with predictable stoichiometries. The mammalian transcription system is composed of a library of modular and programmable promoters from bacteriophage and its cognate RNA polymerase (RNAP) fused to a capping enzyme. The relative expression of single genes is quantitatively determined by the relative binding affinity of the RNAP to the promoters, while multigene expression stoichiometry is predicted by a simple biochemical model with resource competition. We use these programmable and modular promoters to predictably tune the expression of three components of an influenza A virus-like particle (VLP). Optimized stoichiometry leads to a 2-fold yield of intact VLP complexes. The host-independent orthogonal transcription system provides a platform for dose-dependent control of multiple protein expression which may be applied for advanced vaccine engineering, cell-fate programming and other therapeutic applications.
A machine learning approach for corrosion small datasets
Authors: Sutojo Totok , Rustad Supriadi , Akrom Muhamad , Syukur Abdul , Shidik Guruh Fajar , Dipojono Hermawan Kresno
Published: March 2023

In this work, we developed a QSAR model using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitor compound. To overcome the small dataset problems, virtual samples are generated and added to the training set using a Virtual Sample Generation (VSG) method. The generalizability of the proposed KNN + VSG model is verified by using six small datasets from references and comparing their prediction performances. The research shows that for the six datasets, the proposed model is able to make predictions with the best accuracy. Adding virtual samples to the training data helps the algorithm recognize feature-target relationship patterns, and therefore increases the number of chemical quantum parameters correlated with corrosion inhibition efficiency. This proposed method strengthens the prospect of ML for developing material designs, especially in the case of small datasets.
Isolated Rh atoms in dehydrogenation catalysis
Authors: Wittkämper Haiko , Hock Rainer , Weißer Matthias , Dallmann Johannes , Vogel Carola , Raman Narayanan , Taccardi Nicola , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter , Hsieh Tzung-En , Maisel Sven , Moritz Michael , Wichmann Christoph , Frisch Johannes , Gorgoi Mihaela , Wilks Regan G. , Bär Marcus , Wu Mingjian , Spiecker Erdmann , Görling Andreas , Unruh Tobias , Steinrück Hans-Peter , Papp Christian
Published: March 2023

Isolated active sites have great potential to be highly efficient and stable in heterogeneous catalysis, while enabling low costs due to the low transition metal content. Herein, we present results on the synthesis, first catalytic trials, and characterization of the Ga9Rh2 phase and the hitherto not-studied Ga3Rh phase. We used XRD and TEM for structural characterization, and with XPS, EDX we accessed the chemical composition and electronic structure of the intermetallic compounds. In combination with catalytic tests of these phases in the challenging propane dehydrogenation and by DFT calculations, we obtain a comprehensive picture of these novel catalyst materials. Their specific crystallographic structure leads to isolated Rhodium sites, which is proposed to be the decisive factor for the catalytic properties of the systems.
Long-term concentration of tropical forest nutrient hotspots is generated by a central-place apex predator
Authors: de Miranda Everton B. P. , Peres Carlos A. , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Downs Colleen T.
Published: March 2023

Apex predators typically affect the distribution of key soil and vegetation nutrients through the heterogeneous deposition of prey carcasses and excreta, leading to a nutrient concentration in a hotspot. The exact role of central-place foragers, such as tropical raptors, in nutrient deposition and cycling, is not yet known. We investigated whether harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja) in Amazonian Forests—a typically low soil fertility ecosystem—affect soil nutrient profiles and the phytochemistry around their nest-trees through cumulative deposition of prey carcasses and excreta. Nest-trees occurred at densities of 1.5–5.0/100 km2, and each nest received ~ 102.3 kg of undressed carcasses each year. Effects of nests were surprisingly negative over local soil nutrient profiles, with soils underneath nest-trees showing reductions in nutrients compared with controls. Conversely, canopy tree leaves around nests showed significant 99%, 154% and 50% increases in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. Harpy eagles have experienced a 41% decline in their range, and many raptor species are becoming locally extirpated. These are general examples of disruption in biogeochemical cycles and nutrient heterogeneity caused by population declines in a central-place apex predator. This form of carrion deposition is by no means an exception since several large raptors have similar habits.
Biomechanical comparison of four triangular osteosynthesis fixations for unilateral vertical sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Li Yu
Published: March 2023

To compare the stability and biomechanical characteristics of four commonly used triangular osteosynthesis techniques to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and provide a clinical application reference. Finite element models of Tile C-type pelvic ring injury (unilateral Denis II sacral fracture) were produced. In four models, sacral fractures were fixed with a combination of unilateral L5, unilateral L4, and L5 iliac lumbar fixation with lengthened or normal sacroiliac screws. The biomechanical properties of the four fixation models were measured and compared under bipedal stance and lumbar rotation. The fixation stability of the model with the lengthened sacroiliac screw was excellent, and the fracture end was stable. The stability of fixation using unilateral L4 and L5 segments was close to that of unilateral L5 segment fixation. Triangular osteosynthesis transverse stabilization devices using lengthened sacroiliac screws can increase the vertical stability of the sacrum after internal fixation and increase the stability of the fracture. When triangular osteosynthesis lumbar fixation segments were selected, simultaneous fixation of L4 and L5 segments versus only L5 segments did not significantly enhance the vertical stability of the sacrum or the stability of the fracture end.
A time fractional model of a Maxwell nanofluid through a channel flow with applications in grease
Authors: Khan Naveed , Ali Farhad , Ahmad Zubair , Murtaza Saqib , Ganie Abdul Hamid , Khan Ilyas , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: March 2023

Several scientists are interested in recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience. Grease is an essential component of many machines and engines because it helps keep them cool by reducing friction between their various elements. In sealed life applications including centralized lubrication systems, electrical motors, bearings, logging and mining machinery, truck wheel hubs, construction, landscaping, and gearboxes, greases are also utilized. Nanoparticles are added to convectional grease to improve its cooling and lubricating properties. More specifically, the current study goal is to investigate open channel flow while taking grease into account as a Maxwell fluid with MoS2 nanoparticles suspended in it. The Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivative is used to convert the issue from a linked classical order PDE to a local fractional model. To determine the precise solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions, two integral transform techniques the finite Fourier sine and the Laplace transform technique are jointly utilized. The resultant answers are physically explored and displayed using various graphs. It is important to note that the fractional model, which offers a variety of integral curves, more accurately depicts the flow behavior than the classical model. Skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are engineering-related numbers that are quantitatively determined and displayed in tabular form. It is determined that adding MoS2 nanoparticles to grease causes a 19.1146% increase in heat transmission and a 2.5122% decrease in mass transfer. The results obtained in this work are compared with published literature for the accuracy purpose.
Exploring the entropic nature of political polarization through its formulation as a isolated thermodynamic system
Authors: Mantzaris Alexander V. , Domenikos George-Rafael
Published: March 2023

Political polarization has become an alarming trend observed in various countries. In the effort to produce more consistent simulations of the process, insights from the foundations of physics are adopted. The work presented here looks at a simple model of political polarization amongst agents which influence their immediate locality and how a entropy trace of the political discourse can be produced. From this model an isolated system representation can be formulated in respect to the changes in the entropy values across all variables of the system over simulation time. It is shown that a constant entropy value for the system can be calculated so that as the agents coalesce their opinions, the entropy trace in regards to political engagements decreases as the entropy value across non-political engagements increase. This relies upon an intrinsic constraint upon agents imposing a fixed number of activities per time point. As a result the simulation respects the second law of thermodynamics and provides insight into political polarization as a basin of entropy within an isolated system without making assumptions about external activities.
Tetracarbonates in silicate melts may be at the origin of a deep carbon reservoir in the deep Earth
Authors: Cerantola Valerio , Sahle Christoph J. , Petitgirard Sylvain , Wu Min , Checchia Stefano , Weis Christopher , Di Michiel Marco , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Collings Ines E. , Arató Róbert , Wilke Max , Jones Adrian P. , Hanfland Michael , Tse John S.
Published: March 2023

Much of Earth’s carbon may have been stripped away from the silicate mantle by dense metallic-iron during core formation. However, at deep magma ocean conditions carbon becomes less siderophile and thus large amounts of it may be stranded instead in the deep mantle. Here, we describe the structure and compaction mechanisms of carbonate glass to deep mantle pressures. Our results, based on non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction and ab initio calculations, demonstrate a pressure-induced change in hybridization of carbon from sp2 to sp3 starting at 40 GPa, due to the conversion of [3]CO32- groups into [4]CO44- units, which is completed at ~112 GPa. The pressure-induced change of carbon coordination number from three to four increases possibilities for carbon-oxygen interactions with lower mantle silicate melts. sp3 hybridized carbon provides a mechanism for changing the presumed siderophile nature of deep carbon, becoming a possible source for carbon-rich emissions registered at the surface in intra-plate and near-ridge hot spots.
Structural effects of incorporating Cu+and Cu2+ions into silicate bioactive glasses using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Soorani M. , Mele E. , Christie J. K.
Published: March 2023

Copper oxide containing bioactive glasses have drawn attention because of their unique properties as biomaterials for targeted tissue engineering applications.
Transition metal single atom-optimized g-C3N4for the highly selective electrosynthesis of H2O2under neutral electrolytes
Authors: Yang Hongcen , Ma Fei , Lu Niandi , Tian Shuhao , Liu Guo , Wang Ying , Wang Zhixia , Wang Di , Tao Kun , Zhang Hong , Peng Shanglong
Published: March 2023

TM SAs-optimized CNNS have been synthesized for the neutral electrosynthesis of H2O2. Compared with CNNS, the selectivity of Ni0.10SA/CNNS for H2O2increased from 61% to 98%. The H2O2production rate of Ni0.10SA/CNNS is 503 mmol gcat−1h−1.
An ultra-sensitive and stable electrochemical sensor with an expanded working range via in situ assembly of 3-D structures based on MXene/GnR nanohybrids
Authors: Mohseni Taromsari Sara , Shi HaoTian Harvey , Habibpour Saeed , Kiddell Sophie , Yu Aiping , Park Chul B. , Naguib Hani E.
Published: March 2023

3D structures based on MXene & GnR nanohybrids were in situ assembled. The increased specific surface area, modified surface functionalities & numerous interfacial heterostructures led to enhanced VOC sensing performance.
Heteroatom P filling activates intrinsic S atomic sites of few-layered ZnIn2S4via modulation of H adsorption kinetics for sacrificial agent-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water and seawater
Authors: Ng Boon-Junn , Chong Wei-Kean , Putri Lutfi Kurnianditia , Kong Xin Ying , Low Jingxiang , Lee Hing Wah , Tan Lling-Lling , Chang Wei Sea , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: March 2023

Kinetic-oriented design of ZnIn2S4via P-filling can modulate the surface activity by diminishing H adsorption–desorption barrier for sacrificial-free H2 evolution.
On the mechanistic complexity of oxygen evolution: potential-dependent switching of the mechanism at the volcano apex
Authors: Exner Kai S.
Published: March 2023

The volcano plot for oxygen evolution, consisting of a plethora of different reaction mechanisms, reveals mechanistic changes in dependence of the descriptor (ΔG1) and potential-dependent switching of the preferred pathway at the volcano apex.
Enhancing catalytic efficiency of carbon dots by modulating their Mn doping and chemical structure with metal salts
Authors: Kang Wooseok , Lee Ahyun , Tae Yoonjin , Lee Byeongseung , Choi Jin-sil
Published: March 2023

Our study unveils the impact of metal salts on carbon dot (CD) nanozymes, revealing the remarkable catalytic potential of Mn&N-CDs.
Dual heterojunction-based Au@TiO2photoelectrode exhibiting efficient charge separation for enhanced removal of organic dye under visible light
Authors: Zhang Pan , Jin Yuzhou , Li Mingfang , Wang Xuejiang , Zhang Ya-nan
Published: March 2023

Dual heterojunctions-based Au@TiO2photoelectrode with Schottky junction and facet heterojunction exhibiting efficient charge separation and high PEC removal ability towards methyl orange under visible light.
Cu-BTC-confined synthesis of Cu-Cu2O-CuS nanojunctions embedded in a porous carbon matrix for remarkable photothermal CO2conversion
Authors: Chen Yajie , Ding Yi , Han Wei , Li Wei , Yu Xinyan , Tian Guohui
Published: March 2023

Cu-Cu2O-CuS nanojunctions confined within a porous carbon octahedron matrix are fabricated and exhibit excellent photothermal catalytic activity toward CO2conversion.
Chloroformamidine hydrochloride as a molecular linker towards efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Hui , Fu Ping , Lu Ruixue , Guo Junxue , Guo Xin , Li Rengui , Li Can
Published: March 2023

A schematic of the modification mechanism of chloroformamidine hydrochloride (CFA) at SnO2/perovskite (PVK) interface.
Executive Function and Narrative Language Abilities in Emergent Bilingual Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Clark-Whitney Elysha , Melzi Gigliana
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

In light of the importance of preschool oral narrative skills as precursors to literacy, this exploratory study examined expressive language skills among emergent bilingual Latine preschoolers using a naturalistic personal narrative task. To understand the factors that support language use in the personal narrative context for this population, we examined the contribution of children's executive function (EF) skills to their narrative language abilities.

Method:

Children completed two subtests from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment to measure EF and produced two personal narratives in response to conversational prompts. A series of linear regressions were used to evaluate the relation between children's EF skills and their narrative production ability, narrative organization, and expressive language skills derived from automated analyses of narrative samples.

Results:

EF was found to predict children's ability to produce a personal narrative but not the language skills children demonstrated in these narratives.

Conclusions:

The current findings suggest that EF is implicated in emergent bilingual Latine children's narrative abilities. At the preschool age, the contribution of EF to narrative language production is apparent in the global task of producing a narrative, rather than in the organizational or linguistic features of the narrative. As such, supporting both EF and narrative skills might be an important means of facilitating preliteracy among bilingual children.
A unified distributed hierarchal control of a microgrid operating in islanded and grid connected modes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Yasir Ali , Liu Haoming , Zhang Ren , Guo Qi , Cai Haiqing , Huang Libin
Published: March 2023

To guarantee an uninterruptable power supply, a microgrid must be able to operate in both islanded and grid‐connected modes. Hence, it is required to synchronize the voltage phasor of the point of common coupling of the microgrid with the utility grid. Therefore, a distributed cooperative hierarchal control structure is proposed that seamlessly synchronized an islanded microgrid with the utility grid. A proposed method uses a leader‐follower based consensus to regulate the voltage phasor while ensuring proportionate load sharing. A synchronization controller is designed that uses an adjustable parameter to eliminate the voltage magnitude and phase mismatch, and transmit the regulated compensation signal to the leader DGs. The leader DGs transmits these signals to the follower DGs through a cyber‐channels. Moreover, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology rule and Lyapunov function based adaptive controllers are designed to update the secondary control law parameters in case of any disturbance or uncertainty. These adaptive techniques do not require prior knowledge about the microgrid topology, loads, and impedances thus enhancing the system performance. Furthermore, a small signal stability analysis is presented to facilitate the controller parameter design criteria. Finally, the robustness and effectiveness of proposed structure is verified through simulation results in different scenarios.
An optimized sliding‐mode observer control algorithm for vehicle sensor‐less PMSM
Authors: Jingbo Wu , Chengwei Xie , Zhijun Guo , Yongwei Wang
Published: March 2023

An optimized sliding‐mode observer control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed to solve the problems in the conventional sliding‐mode observer control algorithms (e.g., system chattering and phase delay). The proposed algorithm adopts a new piecewise function as a switching function to reduce system chattering. The low pass filter in the conventional sliding‐mode observer is substituted with a complex coefficient filter in the proposed algorithm to solve the phase delay caused by the low pass filter. Moreover, the counter emf back obtained using the filtering of the complex coefficient filter is reintroduced into the sliding‐mode observer to decrease the sliding‐mode gain coefficient and reduce chattering in the system. the simulation results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional sliding‐mode observer control algorithm in reducing chattering, increasing the convergence speed, reducing torque pulsation, increasing speed estimation accuracy and coping with speed and load mutation.
Warming Stimulated Soil Respiration in a Subalpine Meadow in North China
Authors: LUO Shuzheng , ZHANG Jianhua , ZHANG Hufang , ZHENG Qingrong , GAO Yongping , LI Meihong
Published: March 2023

In order to explore the response of soil respiration in grassland to global warming, we carried out a warming experiment with open top chambers (OTCs) in the subalpine meadow, Mount Wutai in north China. Our results showed in the subalpine meadow across 2 500-2 700 m above the sea level (ASL), with OTCs, soil respiration increased by 2.00 μmol·m-2·s-1 as soil temperature increased by 1.25 ℃ on average. Warming decreased soil moisture over the experiment periods except in October 2019 when snow melted in OTCs. Warming effect on soil respiration peaked at 178.31% in October 2019. In control and warming treatment, based on exponential regression equations, soil temperature alone accounted for 85.3% and 61.2% of soil respiration variation, respectively. In control treatment soil moisture alone explained 23.2% of soil respiration variation based on the power regression equation while in warming treatment they were not significantly correlated with each other. The response of soil respiration to warming relied on altitudes as well as the time of the year, but was not inhibited by soil moisture, labile carbon pool, and available nitrogen. We concluded soil temperature was the main factor influencing soil respiration, and global warming would stimulate soil respiration in the subalpine meadows of Mount Wutai in the future. Our analysis provided new data on characteristics and mechanisms of the response of soil respiration to warming, and helped to further understand the relationship between carbon cycle and climate change.
Warum einheitliche Dokumentation so wichtig ist – Praxisdokumentation optimieren
Authors: Szep Paul
Published: March 2023

Die erste globale Leitlinie zur Sturzprävention gibt sehr detaillierte Informationen, wie ein Sturzrisiko und dessen beitragende Faktoren untersucht und präventiv adressiert werden sollten. Für Therapierende, die mit älteren Menschen arbeiten, lohnt es sich, in diese Leitlinie zu schauen, da sie praktische und konkrete Hinweise gibt, das Sturzrisiko zu verringern.
Befreites Atmen – Reflektorische Atemtherapie
Authors: Mohokum Melvin , Neumann Nadine
Published: March 2023

Die Reflektorische Atemtherapie ist ein Behandlungskonzept innerhalb der Atemphysiotherapie. Sie reguliert unwillkürlich die Atmung und beeinflusst hierüber verschiedene Körperfunktionen. Das primäre Anwendungsgebiet liegt bei Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen. Aber auch funktionelle Störungen der inneren Organe sowie muskuloskelettale, neurologische und psychosomatische Erkrankungen lassen sich unterstützend behandeln. Die Therapie beinhaltet heiße Kompressen, spezifische manuelle Grifftechniken und atemgymnastische Übungen.
Menschen mit Fluchterfahrung kompetent versorgen – Projekt PREP IP: Onlinekurs für Gesundheitsfachkräfte
Authors: Schiller Sandra
Published: March 2023

Angehörige von Gesundheitsberufen müssen in der Lage sein, Menschen mit Fluchterfahrungen kompetent versorgen zu können. Das Projekt „Persons with Refugee Experience Project – Interprofessional (PREP IP)“ hat das Ziel, einen Onlinekurs zu entwickeln, der die nötigen interprofessionellen Kompetenzen vermittelt.
Trends in Opioid Use Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty from 2016 to 2021: Have Improved Postoperative Opioid Protocols Decreased Usage?
Authors: Scanlon Christopher M. , Christensen Thomas H , Bieganowski Thomas , Rajahraman Vinaya , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy I
Published: March 2023

Several studies have proposed protocols aimed at limiting the use of opioids following orthopedic surgery. However, current literature has not described the changing trends in opioid use over time. Therefore, the purpose of the present analysis was to determine how opioid use has changed following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) within the last 5 years.We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA at our institution between January 2016 and April 2021 with a minimum length of stay of one midnight. Demographic data including age, gender, race, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist classification as well as dosage and type of opioid medication prescribed on each postoperative day while in the hospital were collected. These data were converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MME) per day of hospitalization to facilitate comparison. Linear regression analysis was used to detect the significance of yearly trends in MME per day.We identified 7,897 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The greatest daily average opioid usage per patient was in 2016 (34.5 ± 77.5 MME/d) and the least was in 2021 (13.3 ± 16.5 MME/d). Our analysis demonstrated a significant linear downward trend in average daily postoperative opioid usage over time with an average decrease of 2.81 MME/d each year (R
2: 0.004; p< 0.001). Concerns regarding the negative effects of opioid pain medication following orthopedic surgery have encouraged the development of opioid-reducing protocols. The results of this analysis demonstrate the successful impact of these efforts on limiting opioid consumption during the hospital stay following primary THA. This is a level III evidence retrospective cohort study.
Development of a New Process for Tulobuterol Hydrochloride
Authors: Wu Chuan-Jun , Peng Peng , Xia Lin-Tao , Liu Xu , Yu Cai-Xia , Zheng Zhi-Bo , Zhao Chuan-Meng , Zhang Fu-Li
Published: March 2023

Tulobuterol is a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist and has been widely utilized as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma. Synthesis of tulobuterol has achieved many important progresses over the past decades and has gradually become one of the research hotspots in organic chemistry. This study aimed to explore a novel synthesis route to synthesize tulobuterol hydrochloride (1), an active ingredient of Chlobamolie Hydrochloride Tablets. In the study, 1 was obtained from the cost-effective, commercially available 2-chloroacetophenone through the key steps including the reactions of bromination, NaBH4 reduction, and amination. Process-related impurities were also investigated. 1 was obtained with excellent purity (99.96%) in 53% overall yield without the need for chromatographic purification. The developed method is green, facile, and cost-effective; thus, it is suitable for the industrial-scale production of 1.
A note on affine cones over Grassmannians and their stringy 𝐸-functions
Authors: De Deyn Timothy
Published: March 2023

We compute the stringy

E
E

-function of the affine cone over a Grassmannian. If the Grassmannian is not a projective space then its cone does not admit a crepant resolution. Nonetheless the stringy

E
E

-function is sometimes a polynomial and in those cases the cone admits a noncommutative crepant resolution. This raises the question as to whether the existence of a noncommutative crepant resolution implies that the stringy

E
E

-function is a polynomial.
Quantifying Alcohol Consumption in the General Population by Analysing Phosphatidylethanol Concentrations in Whole Blood: Results from 24,574 Subjects Included in the HUNT4 Study
Authors: Skråstad Ragnhild Bergene , Aamo Trond Oskar , Andreassen Trine Naalsund , Havnen Hilde , Hveem Kristian , Krokstad Steinar , Salvesen Øyvind , Spigset Olav
Published: March 2023

Aims

To evaluate the association between self-reported alcohol consumption and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) concentrations in blood in a large general population study, and discuss optimal cut-off PEth concentrations for defined levels of alcohol consumption.

Methods

Population based, longitudinal cohort study including 24,574 adults from The Trøndelag Health Study 4 (HUNT4) conducted in Trøndelag County, Norway. Data included PEth concentration, self-reported alcohol consumption and CAGE score.

Results

PEth levels in whole blood increased with the number of alcohol units consumed, the frequency of alcohol consumption, the frequency of binge drinking and the CAGE score (lifetime, i.e. ‘have you ever’). The cut-off concentrations with highest combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.057 μmol/l (40 ng/ml) for identification of those consuming >1 alcohol unit per day (sensitivity 86%, specificity 76%), 0.087 μmol/l (61 ng/ml) for consuming >2 units per day (sensitivity 87%, specificity 81%) and 0.122 μmol/l (86 ng/ml) for consuming >3 alcohol units per day (sensitivity 80%, specificity 86%). By defining a CAGE score ≥ 2 as potentially harmful consumption, a cut-off of 0.100 μmol/l (70 ng/ml) identified 52% of all those subjects.

Conclusions

Cut-off limits of PEth concentrations should take into account the indication for sampling. Using cut-offs for the PEth concentrations of about 0.05 μmol/l (35 ng/ml) and 0.08 μmol/l (56 ng/ml) would identify about 90% of the subjects consuming more than 1 and 2 alcohol units per day, respectively. Concentrations above these cut-offs should lead to a more detailed interview related to alcohol use.
An expectation–maximization framework for comprehensive prediction of isoform-specific functions
Authors: Karlebach Guy , Carmody Leigh , Sundaramurthi Jagadish Chandrabose , Casiraghi Elena , Hansen Peter , Reese Justin , Mungall Christopher J , Valentini Giorgio , Robinson Peter N
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Advances in RNA sequencing technologies have achieved an unprecedented accuracy in the quantification of mRNA isoforms, but our knowledge of isoform-specific functions has lagged behind. There is a need to understand the functional consequences of differential splicing, which could be supported by the generation of accurate and comprehensive isoform-specific gene ontology annotations.

Results

We present isoform interpretation, a method that uses expectation–maximization to infer isoform-specific functions based on the relationship between sequence and functional isoform similarity. We predicted isoform-specific functional annotations for 85 617 isoforms of 17 900 protein-coding human genes spanning a range of 17 430 distinct gene ontology terms. Comparison with a gold-standard corpus of manually annotated human isoform functions showed that isoform interpretation significantly outperforms state-of-the-art competing methods. We provide experimental evidence that functionally related isoforms predicted by isoform interpretation show a higher degree of domain sharing and expression correlation than functionally related genes. We also show that isoform sequence similarity correlates better with inferred isoform function than with gene-level function.

Availability and implementation

Source code, documentation, and resource files are freely available under a GNU3 license at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/isopretEM and https://zenodo.org/record/7594321.
IntestLine: a shiny-based application to map the rolled intestinal tissue onto a line
Authors: Yuzeir Altay , Bejarano David Alejandro , Grein Stephan , Hasenauer Jan , Schlitzer Andreas , Yu Jiangyan
Published: March 2023

To allow the comprehensive histological analysis of the whole intestine, it is often rolled to a spiral before imaging. This Swiss-rolling technique facilitates robust experimental procedures, but it limits the possibilities to comprehend changes along the intestine. Here, we present IntestLine, a Shiny-based open-source application for processing imaging data of (rolled) intestinal tissues and subsequent mapping onto a line. The visualization of the mapped data facilitates the assessment of the whole intestine in both proximal–distal and serosa-luminal axis, and enables the observation of location-specific cell types and markers. Accordingly, IntestLine can serve as a tool to characterize the intestine in multi-modal imaging studies.

Availability and implementation

Source code can be found at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7081864) and GitHub (https://github.com/SchlitzerLab/IntestLine).
A potential protective role of the nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1) in multiple sclerosis motor cortex: a neuropathological study
Authors: Pansieri Jonathan , Pisa Marco , Yates Richard L , Esiri Margaret M , DeLuca Gabriele C
Published: March 2023

Cerebral cortical inflammation and neurodegeneration are hallmark pathological features of multiple sclerosis that contribute to irreversible neurological disability. While the reason for nerve cell death is unknown, the pathogenic inflammatory role of infiltrating lymphocytes is likely an important contributor. The nuclear receptor-related factor 1 counteracts inflammation in animal models of multiple sclerosis, and protects against neuronal loss in other neurodegenerative disorders, but its expression in post-mortem multiple sclerosis tissue is not known. This study aims to investigate the nuclear receptor-related factor 1 expression in multiple sclerosis motor cortex and evaluate its relationship with motor cortical pathology. To accomplish this, an autopsy cohort of pathologically confirmed multiple sclerosis (n = 46), and control (n = 11) cases was used, where the nuclear receptor-related factor 1 expression was related to neuronal and lymphocytic densities. Motor cortical nuclear receptor-related factor 1 was overexpressed in multiple sclerosis compared to control cases. Increased nuclear receptor-related factor 1 expression positively associated with neuronal densities, especially when present in nucleus of neurons, and associated with decreased CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte density. Our findings expand the current knowledge on nuclear receptor-related factor 1 in neurological diseases, and support the hypothesis that nuclear receptor-related factor 1 may play a dual neuroprotective role in multiple sclerosis by influencing inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Future studies elucidating the influence of nuclear receptor-related factor 1 on these processes in multiple sclerosis may cast light onto novel targets that may be modulated to alter clinical outcome.
Comprehensive and Validated Chromatographic Techniques for the Estimation of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride and Atenolol in Bulk and Combined Dosage Form in the Presence of Lercanidipine Degradation Products with LC/MS Characterization
Authors: Boltia Shereen A , Fattah Taghreed A , Saad Marwa T , Zaazaa Hala E
Published: March 2023

Two rapid, smart and validated stability indicating HPLC and TLC techniques were developed to determine atenolol (ATE) and lercanidipine HCl (LER) simultaneously in their pharmaceutical formulation. HPLC chromatographic separation was implemented by using Microsorb C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column, with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5 adjusted by orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min at 240 nm also the injection volume adjusted to be 30 μL. These selected conditions effectively separated ATE and LER at a retention time of 2 and 6.7 min, respectively, by isocratic elution mode without any interference from the obtained degradation products of LER. The densitometric determination was performed by using precoated silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates and chloroform, methanol and triethylamine (11.3:1.3: 0.3, by volume) as a developing system. The detection wavelength for simultaneous estimation of both drugs was 240 nm in the presence of the oxidative product of LER. The RF values for ATE and LER were 0.22 and 0.78, respectively. The calibration curves of both techniques were constructed with linearity ranges of (5–55) μg.mL−1 and (1–55) μg.mL−1 for both ATE and LER, respectively, for HPLC determination. While for TLC, the linearity ranges were (1–4) μg/band and (0.2–1.4) μg/band for ATE and LER, respectively. LER degradation products were characterized using UPLC/MS and the suggested mechanisms and degradation pathways were introduced.
Capillary-Mitochondrial Oxygen Transport in Muscle: Paradigm Shifts
Authors: Poole David C , Musch Timothy I
Published: March 2023

When exercising humans increase their oxygen uptake (V̇O2) 20-fold above rest the numbers are staggering: Each minute the O2 transport system - lungs, cardiovascular, active muscles – transports and utilizes 161 sextillion (10 21) O2 molecules. Leg extension exercise increases the quadriceps muscles’ blood flow 100-times; transporting 17 sextillion O2 molecules per kilogram per minute from microcirculation (capillaries) to mitochondria powering their cellular energetics. Within these muscles, the capillary network constitutes a prodigious blood-tissue interface essential to exchange O2 and carbon dioxide requisite for muscle function. In disease, microcirculatory dysfunction underlies the pathophysiology of heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary disease, sepsis, stroke and senile dementia. Effective therapeutic countermeasure design demands knowledge of microvascular/capillary function in health to recognize and combat pathological dysfunction. Dated concepts of skeletal muscle capillary (from the Latin capillus meaning ‘hair’) function prevail despite rigorous data-supported contemporary models; hindering progress in the field for future and current students, researchers and clinicians. Following closely the 100th anniversary of August Krogh’s 1920 Nobel Prize for capillary function this Evidence Review presents an anatomical and physiological development of this dynamic field: Constructing a scientifically defensible platform for our current understanding of microcirculatory physiological function in supporting blood-mitochondrial O2 transport. New developments include: 1. Putative roles of red blood cell aquaporin and rhesus channels in determining tissue O2 diffusion. 2. Recent discoveries regarding intramyocyte O2 transport. 3. Developing a comprehensive capillary functional model for muscle O2 delivery-to-V̇O2 matching. 4. Use of kinetics analysis to discriminate control mechanisms from collateral or pathological phenomena.