bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Departure from K-theory in the planetary boundary layer
Authors: Santos Pedro , Peña Alfredo , Mann Jakob
Published: October 2020

Abstract. It is well known that when eddies are small, the eddy fluxes can be directly related to the mean vertical gradients, the so-called K-theory, but such relation becomes weaker the larger the coherent structures. Here, we show that this relation does not hold at heights relevant for wind energy applications. The relation implies that the angle (β) between the vector of vertical flux of horizontal momentum and the vector of the mean vertical gradient of horizontal velocity is zero, i.e., the vectors are aligned. This is not what we observe from measurements performed both offshore and onshore. We quantify the misalignment of β using measurements from a long-range Doppler profiling lidar and large-eddy simulations. We also use mesoscale model output from the New European Wind Atlas project to compare with the lidar-observed vertical profiles of wind speed, wind direction, momentum fluxes, and the angle between the horizontal velocity vector and the momentum flux vector up to 500 m both offshore and onshore, hence covering the rotor areas of modern wind turbines and beyond. The results show that within the range 100–500 m, β = −18° offshore and β = 12° onshore, on average. However, the large-eddy simulations show β ≈ 0°, partly confirming previous modeling results. We illustrate that mesoscale model output matches the observed mean wind speed and momentum fluxes well, but that this model output has significant deviations with the observations when looking at the turning of the wind.
Rain-fed streams dilute inorganic nutrients but subsidise organic
matter-associated nutrients in coastal waters of the northeast Pacific
Ocean
Authors: St. Pierre Kyra A. , Hunt Brian P. V. , Tank Suzanne E. , Giesbrecht Ian , Korver Maartje C. , Floyd William C. , Oliver Allison A. , Lertzman Ken P.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In coastal regions, rivers and streams may be important sources of nutrients limiting to primary production in marine waters; however, sampling is still only rarely conducted across the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum, precluding conclusions from being drawn about connectivity between freshwater and marine systems. Here we use a more than four year dataset (2014–2018) of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, iron) and dissolved organic carbon spanning streams draining coastal watersheds and nearshore marine surface waters along the Central Coast of British Columbia Canada, at the heart of the North Pacific coastal temperate rainforest region. Mean freshwater and surface marine N : Si : P ratios were 4 : 18 : 1 (P : Fe = 1 : 58) and 6 : 11 : 1, respectively, showing relative consistency across the land-ocean interface but deviation from the extended Redfield ratio. Inorganic nutrient concentrations (NO3−+NO2−, PO43−, Si(OH)4) in freshwaters were less than in the receiving marine environment, indicating that freshwater nutrient inputs in this region were of little importance to – or even diluted – the pool of readily available inorganic nutrients in nearshore waters. Conversely, freshwaters increased the pool of organic matter-associated nutrients, namely dissolved organic nitrogen and iron. The organic matter-rich landscapes of the region yielded globally significant quantities of dissolved organic nitrogen (304–381 kg km−2 y−1) and iron (463–596 kg km−2 y−1); thus acting as important sources of potentially limiting nutrients to both nearshore and offshore waters. These exports may subsidise heterotrophic microbial communities capable of directly consuming and remineralising these nutrients, potentially compensating for the dilution of inorganic nutrients by freshwater inputs. We highlight the need to better understand nutrient limitation in coastal waters and for concerted research efforts to study the spatial and temporal dynamism at the land-ocean interface along the northeast Pacific coast.
A combined Terra and Aqua MODIS land surface temperature and meteorological station data product for China from 2003 to 2017
Authors: Zhao Bing , Mao Kebiao , Cai Yulin , Shi Jiancheng , Li Zhaoliang , Qin Zhihao , Meng Xiangjin , Shen Xinyi , Guo Zhonghua
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for high
temperature and drought monitoring and climate and ecological environment
research. Due to the sparse distribution of ground observation stations,
thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of
quickly obtaining ground temperature over large areas. However, there are
many missing and low-quality values in satellite-based LST data because
clouds cover more than 60 % of the global surface every day. This article
presents a unique LST dataset with a monthly temporal resolution for China from
2003 to 2017 that makes full use of the advantages of MODIS data and
meteorological station data to overcome the defects of cloud influence via a
reconstruction model. We specifically describe the reconstruction model,
which uses a combination of MODIS daily data, monthly data and
meteorological station data to reconstruct the LST in areas with cloud
coverage and for grid cells with elevated LST error, and the data
performance is then further improved by establishing a regression analysis
model. The validation indicates that the new LST dataset is highly
consistent with in situ observations. For the six natural subregions with
different climatic conditions in China, verification using ground
observation data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from
1.24 to 1.58 ∘C, the mean absolute error (MAE)
varies from 1.23 to 1.37 ∘C and the Pearson
coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. The new dataset adequately
captures the spatiotemporal variations in LST at annual, seasonal and
monthly scales. From 2003 to 2017, the overall annual mean LST in China showed
a weak increase. Moreover, the positive trend was remarkably unevenly
distributed across China. The most significant warming occurred in the
central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the Northwest
Region, and the average annual temperature change is greater than 0.1 K (R>0.71, P<0.05), and a strong negative trend was
observed in some parts of the Northeast Region and South China Region.
Seasonally, there was significant warming in western China in winter, which
was most pronounced in December. The reconstructed dataset exhibits
significant improvements and can be used for the spatiotemporal evaluation
of LST in high-temperature and drought-monitoring studies. The data are
available through Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528024 (Zhao et al., 2019).
SISALv2: a comprehensive speleothem isotope database with multiple age–depth models
Authors: Comas-Bru Laia , Rehfeld Kira , Roesch Carla , Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi Sahar , Harrison Sandy P. , Atsawawaranunt Kamolphat , Ahmad Syed Masood , Brahim Yassine Ait , Baker Andy , Bosomworth Matthew , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Burstyn Yuval , Columbu Andrea , Deininger Michael , Demény Attila , Dixon Bronwyn , Fohlmeister Jens , Hatvani István Gábor , Hu Jun , Kaushal Nikita , Kern Zoltán , Labuhn Inga , Lechleitner Franziska A. , Lorrey Andrew , Martrat Belen , Novello Valdir Felipe , Oster Jessica , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Scholz Denis , Scroxton Nick , Sinha Nitesh , Ward Brittany Marie , Warken Sophie , Zhang Haiwei ,   SISAL Working Group members
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Characterizing the temporal uncertainty in palaeoclimate records is
crucial for analysing past climate change, correlating climate
events between records, assessing climate periodicities,
identifying potential triggers and evaluating climate model
simulations. The first global compilation of speleothem isotope
records by the SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis)
working group showed that age model uncertainties are not
systematically reported in the published literature, and these are only
available for a limited number of records (ca. 15 %, n=107/691). To improve the usefulness of the SISAL database, we have
(i) improved the database's spatio-temporal coverage and (ii) created
new chronologies using seven different approaches for age–depth
modelling. We have applied these alternative chronologies to the
records from the first version of the SISAL database (SISALv1) and to
new records compiled since the release of SISALv1. This paper
documents the necessary changes in the structure of the SISAL database
to accommodate the inclusion of the new age models and their
uncertainties as well as the expansion of the database to include new
records and the quality-control measures applied. This paper also
documents the age–depth model approaches used to calculate the new
chronologies. The updated version of the SISAL database (SISALv2)
contains isotopic data from 691 speleothem records from 294 cave sites
and new age–depth models, including age–depth temporal uncertainties
for 512 speleothems. SISALv2 is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.256
(Comas-Bru et al., 2020a).
The Making of the New European Wind Atlas – Part 2: Production and evaluation
Authors: Dörenkämper Martin , Olsen Bjarke T. , Witha Björn , Hahmann Andrea N. , Davis Neil N. , Barcons Jordi , Ezber Yasemin , García-Bustamante Elena , González-Rouco J. Fidel , Navarro Jorge , Sastre-Marugán Mariano , Sīle Tija , Trei Wilke , Žagar Mark , Badger Jake , Gottschall Julia , Sanz Rodrigo Javier , Mann Jakob
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This is the second of two papers that document the creation of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). In Part 1, we described the sensitivity experiments and accompanying evaluation done to arrive at the final mesoscale model setup used to produce the mesoscale wind atlas. In this paper, Part 2, we document how we made the final wind atlas product, covering both the production of the mesoscale climatology generated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the microscale climatology generated with the Wind Atlas Analysis and Applications Program (WAsP). The paper includes a detailed description of the technical and practical aspects that went into running the mesoscale simulations and the downscaling using WAsP. We show the main results from the final wind atlas and present a comprehensive evaluation of each component of the NEWA model chain using observations from a large set of tall masts located all over Europe. The added value of the WRF and WAsP downscaling of wind climatologies is evaluated relative to the performance of the driving ERA5 reanalysis and shows that the WRF downscaling reduces the mean wind speed bias and spread relative to that of ERA5 from -1.50±1.30 to 0.02±0.78 m s−1. The WAsP downscaling has an added positive impact relative to that of the WRF model in simple terrain. In complex terrain, where the assumptions of the linearized flow model break down, both the mean bias and spread in wind speed are worse than those from the raw mesoscale results.
Retrieving monthly and interannual total-scale pH (pHT) on the East China Sea shelf using an artificial neural network: ANN-pHT-v1
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Bellerby Richard Garth James , Ge Jianzhong , Wallhead Philip , Liu Jing , Yang Anqiang
Published: October 2020

Abstract. While our understanding of pH dynamics has strongly
progressed for open-ocean regions, for marginal seas such as the East China
Sea (ECS) shelf progress has been constrained by limited observations and
complex interactions between biological, physical and chemical processes.
Seawater pH is a very valuable oceanographic variable but not always
measured using high-quality instrumentation and according to standard
practices. In order to predict total-scale pH (pHT) and enhance our
understanding of the seasonal variability of pHT on the ECS shelf, an
artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using 11 cruise datasets
from 2013 to 2017 with coincident observations of pHT, temperature (T),
salinity (S), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (N), phosphate (P) and silicate
(Si) together with sampling position and time. The reliability of the ANN
model was evaluated using independent observations from three cruises in 2018,
and it showed a root mean square error accuracy of 0.04. The ANN model
responded to T and DO errors in a positive way and S errors in a negative way,
and the ANN model was most sensitive to S errors, followed by DO and T
errors. Monthly water column pHT for the period 2000–2016 was retrieved
using T, S, DO, N, P and Si from the Changjiang biology Finite-Volume
Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The agreement is good here in winter, while the
reduced performance in summer can be attributed in large part to limitations
of the Changjiang biology FVCOM in simulating summertime input variables.
Multivariate statistical modelling of extreme coastal water levels and
the effect of climate variability: a case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Santos Victor M. , Casas-Prat Mercè , Poschlod Benjamin , Ragno Elisa , van den Hurk Bart , Hao Zengchao , Kalmár Tímea , Zhu Lianhua , Najafi Husain
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The co-occurrence of (not necessarily extreme) precipitation and surge can lead to extreme inland water levels in coastal areas. In a previous work the positive dependence between the two meteorological drivers was demonstrated in a case study in the Netherlands by empirically investigating an 800-year time series of water levels, which were simulated via a physical-based hydrological model driven by a regional climate model large ensemble. In this study, we present and test a multivariate statistical framework to replicate the demonstrated dependence and the resulting return periods of inland water levels. We use the same 800-year data series to develop an impact function, which is able to empirically describe the relationship between high inland water levels (the impact) and its driving variables (precipitation and surge). In our study area, this relationship is complex because of the high degree of human management affecting the dynamics of the water level. By event sampling and conditioning the drivers, an impact function was created that can reproduce the water levels maintaining an unbiased performance at the full range of simulated water levels. The dependence structure between the driving variables is modeled using two- and three-dimensional copulas. These are used to generate paired synthetic precipitation and surge events, transformed into inland water levels via the impact function. The compounding effects of surge and precipitation and the return water level estimates fairly well reproduce the earlier results from the empirical analysis of the same regional climate model ensemble. The proposed framework is therefore able to produce robust estimates of compound extreme water levels for a highly managed hydrological system. In addition, we present a unique assessment of the uncertainty when using only 50 years of data (what is typically available from observations). Training the impact function with short records leads to a general underestimation of the return levels as water level extremes are not well sampled. Also, the marginal distributions of the 50-year time series of the surge show high variability. Moreover, compounding effects tend to be underestimated when using 50 year slices to estimate the dependence pattern between predictors. Overall, the internal variability of the climate system is identified as a major source of uncertainty in the multivariate statistical model.
Machine Learning Deciphers CO2 Sequestration and Subsurface
Flowpaths from Stream Chemistry
Authors: Shaughnessy Andrew R. , Gu Xin , Wen Tao , Brantley Susan L.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Endmember mixing analysis (EMMA) is often used by hydrogeochemists to interpret the sources of stream solutes, but variations in stream concentrations and discharges remain difficult to explain. We discovered that machine learning can be used to reveal patterns in stream chemistry that pertain to information about weathering sources of solutes and also about subsurface groundwater flowpaths. The investigation has implications, in turn, for the balance of CO2 in the atmosphere. For example, CO2-driven weathering of silicate minerals removes carbon from the atmosphere over ~106-yr timescales. Weathering of another common mineral, pyrite, releases sulfuric acid that in turn causes dissolution of carbonates. In that process, however, CO2 is released instead of sequestered from the atmosphere. Thus, to understand long-term global CO2 sequestration by weathering requires quantification of CO2-versus H2SO4-driven reactions. Most researchers estimate such weathering fluxes from stream chemistry but interpreting the reactant minerals and acids dissolved in streams has been fraught with difficulty. We use a new machine learning technique in three watersheds to determine the minerals dissolved by each acid. The results show that the watersheds continuously or intermittently sequester CO2 but the extent of CO2 drawdown is diminished in areas heavily affected by acid rain. Sulfide oxidation contributes ~23 % to 62 % of sulfate fluxes. Without the new algorithm to deconvolve the mineral weathering, CO2 drawdown was always overestimated. The new technique, which also elucidated the importance of different subsurface flowpaths and long-timescale changes in the watersheds, should have great utility as a new EMMA for investigating water resources worldwide.
Singularity and branch identification of a 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) seven-bar spherical parallel manipulator
Authors: Nie Liangyi , Ding Huafeng , Kecskeméthy Andrés , Gan Jinqiang , Wang Jun , Ting Kwun-lon
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Spherical parallel manipulators (SPMs) have a great potential for industrial applications of robot wrists, camera-orientating devices, and even sensors because of their special structure. However, increasing with the number of links, the kinematics analysis of the complex SPMs is formidable. The main contribution of this paper is to present a kind of 2 degree-of-freedom (DOF) seven-bar SPM containing two five-bar spherical loops, which has the advantages of high reaction speed, accuracy rating, and rigidity. And based on the unusual actuated choices and symmetrical loop structure, an approach is provided to identify singularities and branches of this kind of 2 DOF seven-bar SPM according to three following steps. Firstly, loop equations of the two five-bar spherical loops, which include all the kinematic characteristics of this SPM, are established with joint rotation and side rotation. Secondly, branch graphs are obtained by Maple based on the discriminants of loop equations and the concept of joint rotation space (JRS). Then, singularities are directly determined by the singular boundaries of the branch graphs, and branches are easily identified by the overlapping areas of JRS of two five-bar spherical loops. Finally, this paper distinguishes two types of branches of this SPM according to whether branch points exist to decouple the kinematics, which can be used for different performance applications. The proposed method is visual and offers geometric insights into understanding the formation of mobility using branch graphs. At the end of this paper, two examples are employed to illustrate the proposed method.
Sensitivity of ice loss to uncertainty in flow law parameters in an idealized one-dimensional geometry
Authors: Zeitz Maria , Levermann Anders , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Acceleration of the flow of ice drives mass losses in both the Antarctic and the Greenland Ice Sheet.
The projections of possible future sea-level rise rely on numerical ice-sheet models, which solve the physics of ice flow, melt, and calving.
While major advancements have been made by the ice-sheet modeling community in addressing several of the related uncertainties, the flow law, which is at the center of most process-based ice-sheet models, is not in the focus of the current scientific debate.
However, recent studies show that the flow law parameters are highly uncertain and might be different from the widely accepted standard values.
Here, we use an idealized flow-line setup to investigate how these uncertainties in the flow law translate into uncertainties in flow-driven mass loss. In order to disentangle the effect of future warming on the ice flow from other effects, we perform a suite of experiments with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), deliberately excluding changes in the surface mass balance.
We find that changes in the flow parameters within the observed range can lead up to a doubling of the flow-driven mass loss within the first centuries of warming, compared to standard parameters.
The spread of ice loss due to the uncertainty in flow parameters is on the same order of magnitude as the increase in mass loss due to surface warming.
While this study focuses on an idealized flow-line geometry, it is likely that this uncertainty carries over to realistic three-dimensional simulations of Greenland and Antarctica.
The 2020 Larsen C Ice Shelf surface melt is a 40-year record high
Authors: Bevan Suzanne , Luckman Adrian , Hendon Harry , Wang Guomin
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Along with record-breaking summer air temperatures at an Antarctic Peninsula meteorological station in February 2020, the Larsen C ice shelf experienced an exceptionally long and extensive 2019/2020 melt season. We use a 40-year time series of passive and scatterometer satellite microwave data, which are sensitive to the presence of liquid water in the snow pack, to reveal that the extent and duration of melt observed on the ice shelf in the austral summer of 2019/2020 was the greatest on record. We find that unusual perturbations to Southern Hemisphere modes of atmospheric flow, including a persistently positive Indian Ocean Dipole in the spring and a very rare Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming in September 2019, preceded the exceptionally warm Antarctic Peninsula summer. It is likely that teleconnections between the tropics and southern high latitudes were able to bring sufficient heat via the atmosphere and ocean to the Antarctic Peninsula to drive the extreme Larsen C Ice Shelf melt. The record-breaking melt of 2019/2020 brought to an end the trend of decreasing melt that had begun in 1999/2000, will reinitiate earlier thinning of the ice shelf by depletion of the firn air content, and probably affected a much greater region than Larsen C Ice Shelf.
Continuous monitoring of surface water vapour isotopic
compositions at Neumayer Station III, East Antarctica
Authors: Bagheri Dastgerdi Saeid , Behrens Melanie , Bonne Jean-Louis , Hörhold Maria , Lohmann Gerrit , Schlosser Elisabeth , Werner Martin
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this study, the first fully-continuous monitoring of water vapour isotopic composition at Neumayer Station III, Antarctica, during the two-year period from February 2017 to January 2019 is presented. Seasonal and synoptic-scale variations of both stable water isotopes H218O and HDO are reported, and their link to variations of key meteorological variables are analysed. Changes in local temperature and humidity are the main drivers for the variability of δO18 and δD in vapour at Neumayer Station III, both on seasonal and shorter time scales. In contrast to the measured δO18 and δD variations, no seasonal cycle in the Deuterium excess signal d–excess in vapour is detected. However, a rather high uncertainty of measured d–excess values especially in austral winter limits the confidence of this finding. Overall, the d–excess signal shows a stronger inverse correlation with humidity than with temperature, and this inverse correlation between d–excess and humidity is stronger for the cloudy-sky conditions than for clear-sky conditions during summertime. Back trajectory simulations performed with the FLEXPART model show that seasonal and synoptic variations of δO18 and δD in vapour coincide with changes in the main sources of water vapour transported to Neumayer Station. In general, moisture transport pathways from the east lead to higher temperatures and more enriched δO18 values in vapour, while weather situations with southerly winds lead to lower temperatures and more depleted δO18 values. However, for several occasions, δO18 variations linked to wind direction changes were observed, which were not accompanied by a corresponding temperature change. Comparing isotopic compositions of water vapour at Neumayer Station III and snow samples taken in the vicinity of the station reveals almost identical slopes, both for the δO18–δD relation and for the temperature–δO18 relation.
Mechanisms and predictability of sudden stratospheric warming in winter 2018
Authors: Erner Irene , Karpechko Alexey Y. , Järvinen Heikki J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In the beginning of February 2018 a rapid deceleration of the westerly circulation in the polar Northern Hemisphere stratosphere took place, and on 12 February the zonal-mean zonal wind at 60° N and 10 hPa reversed to easterly in a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We investigate the role of the tropospheric forcing in the occurrence of the SSW, its predictability and teleconnection with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) by analysing the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecast. The SSW was preceded by significant synoptic wave activity over the Pacific and Atlantic basins, which led to the upward propagation of wave packets and resulted in the amplification of a stratospheric wavenumber 2 planetary wave. The dynamical and statistical analyses indicate that the main tropospheric forcing resulted from an anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking, subsequent blocking and upward wave propagation in the Ural Mountains region, in agreement with some previous studies. The ensemble members which predicted the wind reversal also reasonably reproduced this chain of events, from the horizontal propagation of individual wave packets to upward wave-activity fluxes and the amplification of wavenumber 2. On the other hand, the ensemble members which failed to predict the wind reversal also failed to properly capture the blocking event in the key region of the Urals and the associated intensification of upward-propagating wave activity. Finally, a composite analysis suggests that teleconnections associated with the record-breaking MJO phase 6 observed in late January 2018 likely played a role in triggering this SSW event.
Characterisation of the offshore precipitation environment to help combat leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades
Authors: Herring Robbie , Dyer Kirsten , Howkins Paul , Ward Carwyn
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Greater blade lengths and higher tip speeds, coupled with a harsh environment, have caused blade leading edge erosion to develop into a significant problem for the offshore wind industry. Current protection
systems do not last the lifetime of the turbine and require regular
replacement. It is important to understand the characteristics of the
offshore environment to model and predict leading edge erosion. The offshore
precipitation environment has been characterised using up-to-date measuring
techniques. Heavy and violent rain was rare and is unlikely to be the sole
driver of leading edge erosion. The dataset was compared to the most widely
used droplet size distribution. It was found that this distribution did not
fit the offshore data and that any lifetime predictions made using it are
likely to be inaccurate. A general offshore droplet size distribution has
been presented that can be used to improve lifetime predictions and reduce
lost power production and unexpected turbine downtime.
Psychological profiles of irritable bowel syndrome patients with different phenotypes
Authors: Bouchoucha Michel , Devroede Ghislain , Girault-Lidvan Noëlle , Hejnar Maria , Mary Florence , Benamouzig Robert
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims: Abnormal psychological profiles are frequently found in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The present study aimed to evaluate the psychological profiles of FGID patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and IBS phenotypes.Methods: In 608 FGID patients, including 235 with IBS, have filled a Rome III questionnaire and the French version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Results: This study shows that IBS patients have abnormal psychological profiles with more significant symptom exaggeration and decreased test defensiveness than non-IBS patients. They have a significantly higher score for all clinical scales. Logistic regression analysis showed in IBS patients a decrease of body mass index (P= 0.002), and test defensiveness score K (P= 0.001) and an increase of Hypochondriasis (P< 0.001) and Masculinity-Femininity scale (P= 0.018). By comparison with non-IBS patients, IBS-constipation, IBS-diarrhea, and mixed IBS patients have increased Hypochondriasis value and Depression score, mixed IBS patients have higher Psychasthenia score and higher Hypomania score. No item was significantly different in the IBS-unspecified group.Conclusions: This study shows that IBS patients have different psychological profiles than other FGID patients and that psychological characteristics are associated with IBS phenotypes except for patients with unsubtyped IBS.
Efectos conductuales de la educación emocional en alumnos de educación básica
Authors: Salmurri Trinxet Ferran , Skoknic Cvitanic Vania
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos con una muestra de estudiantes de enseñanza básica quienes fueron apoyados en su ambiente escolar, con diversas técnicas de entrenamiento emocional, cognitivas, conductuales y de interacción social. Estas técnicas constituyeron una intervención destinada a mejorar sus habilidades para el control emocional y la solución de conflictos con sus pares y con la autoridad, mediante el aumento de su autocontrol, la disminución de la ansiedad y la depresión y el aumento de la asertividad y las emociones positivas entre otras variables. Además, después de la intervención realizada, disminuyeron los conflictos en el aula, las conductas disruptivas y mejoró la relación de estos alumnos con sus padres y sus maestros.
Greenhouse application of light-drone imaging technology for assessing weeds severity occurring on baby-leaf red lettuce beds approaching fresh-cutting
Authors: Pallottino Federico , Pane Catello , Figorilli Simone , Pentangelo Alfonso , Antonucci Francesca , Costa Corrado
Published: October 2020

Aim of study: For baby-leaf lettuces greenhouse cultivations the absence of weeds is a mandatory quality requirement. One of the most promising and innovative technologies in weed research, is the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (or drones) equipped with acquisition systems. The aim of this study was to provide an estimation of the exact weed amount on baby-sized red lettuce beds using a light drone equipped with an RGB microcamera.Area of study: Trials were performed at specialized organic farm site in Eboli (Salerno, Italy), under polyethylene multi-tunnel greenhouse.Material and methods: The RGB images acquired were processed with specific algorithms distinguishing weeds from crop yields, estimating the weeds covered surface and the severity of weed contamination in terms of biomass. A regression between the percentage of the surface covered by weed (with respect to the image total surface) and the weight of weed (with respect to the total harvested biomass) was calculated.Main results: The regression between the total cover values of the 25 calibration images and the total weight measured report a significant linear correlation. Digital monitoring was able to capture with accuracy the highly variable weed coverage that, among the different grids positioned under real cultivation conditions, was in the range 0-16.4% of the total cultivated one.Research highlights: In a precision weed management context, with the aim of improving management and decreasing the use of pesticides, this study provided an estimation of the exact weed amount on baby-sized red lettuce beds using a light drone.
Upgrading of AMP society branch office corner Customhouse Quay and Hunter Street, Wellington
Authors: Cathie M. C. , Leuchars J. M.
Published: October 2020

This commercial building constructed in 1925, comprises a basement, ground, mezzanine and six upper floors with a small penthouse over. It has a plan area of approximately 1400m2.

The structure consists of reinforced concrete floors supported on a riveted structural steel frame. The frame has main girders and columns arranged in the north-south direction and secondary framing at right angles, the whole being encased in reinforced concrete.

The columns spring at their bases from steel grillage foundation pads, supported directly on solid base greywacke at a depth of 3-4 m below ground level.

On the street frontages (east and south elevations) the primary frame is infilled with a system of reinforced concrete spandrels and piers all finished externally with sandstone and terra cotta facings.

On the north and west elevations the perimeter steel frames are largely infilled with solid reinforced concrete. A service core, situated centrally toward the eastern end of the building, is like constructed.

Two lightwells were provided within the site, one in the north-western corner and the other situated centrally within the building.
The effect of tumor location on overall survival for pT2-4 bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma following radical surgery
Authors: Tam Andrew W. , Liaw Christine , Li Eric , Katims Andrew B. , Say Rollin K. , Gul Zeynep , Winoker Jared S. , Martini Alberto , Sfakianos John P.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Historically, staging and treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma were extrapolated from bladder urothelial carcinoma literature. However, embryological, genetic, and anatomical differences exist between them. We sought to explore the relationship between location of urothelial cancer and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Data was culled from the National Cancer Database from 2004–2015. Patients with pT2-pT4 treated with definitive surgery were included; those with metastatic disease or who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment were excluded. Patients were stratified by tumor location and pathological stage. The primary outcome was OS. Secondary outcomes were predictors of mortality in each pT stage stratum.

Results: A total of 11 330 patients with bladder, 954 patients with ureteral, and 1943 patients with renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma were analyzed. Mean followup was 43.3, 39.4, and 41.4 months for bladder, ureteral, and renal pelvis, respectively. On univariable analysis, ureteral pT2 was associated with worse OS compared to both bladder (61.3 vs. 80.4 months, p=0.007) and renal pelvis (61.3 vs. 80.5 months, p=0.014). Renal pelvis pT3 was associated with improved OS compared to both bladder (42.5 vs. 28.6 months, p=0.003) and ureteral (42.5 vs. 25.7 months, p<0.001). Renal pelvis pT4 had decreased survival compared to bladder (11.4 vs. 17.7 months, p<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression, only renal pelvis pT3 was associated with a 20% decreased risk of mortality compared to bladder pT3 (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.88, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Renal pelvis pT3 is associated with lower mortality. Mutational and embryological differences may play a role in this disparity.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 11
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: October 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 11, 2020
Resonating with Job.
Czesław Miłosz as a Translator of The Book of Job
Authors: Szczepan-Wojnarska Anna
Published: October 2020

This discussion of why the Polish poet and Nobel Prize winner Czesław Miłosz (1911–2004)
translated the Book of Job distinguishes two meanings of translation in reference to the poet’s work:
fi rst as a process, which relates to Miłosz’s life and personal experience, and second as an outcome,
which relates to his poetry. The investigation of this problem makes use of some work by Father
Joseph Sadzik as well as of Clive Scott’s concept of rediscovery of reading. The article contributes to
an understanding of how Miłosz reconciled the roles of poet and translator, of humble servant and
rebellious yet fragile human being, of innocent yet disturbing witness. The author argues that the
translation of the Book of Job, as a process and as an outcome, reveals the complexity of Miłosz’s
craft and its effectiveness in defi ning the scope of the translator’s duties, of which the most important
is to come alongside Job and learn how he coped with his experience of being an innocent victim.
A Joint Modulation-Coding Scheme and Resource Allocation in LTE Uplink
Authors: Gutierrez Amado , Rangel Victor , Gomez Javier , Edwards Robert M. , Covarrubias David H.
Published: October 2020

In Long Term Evolution (LTE) Resource Allocation Algorithms (RAAs) are an area of work where researchers are seeking to optimize the efficient use of scarce radio resources. The selection of an optimal Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) that allows LTE to adapt to channel conditions is a second area of ongoing work. In the wireless part of LTE, these two factors, RAA and MCS selection, are the most critical in optimization. In this paper, the performance of three resource allocation schemes is compared, and a new allocation scheme, Average MCS (AMCS) allocation, is proposed. AMCS is seen to outperform both “Minimum MCS (MMCS)” and “Average Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio MCS (SINR AMCS)” in terms of improvements to LTE Uplink (UL) performance. The three algorithms were implemented in the Vienna LTE-A Uplink Simulator v1.5.
Exploration Disaster Source of Mine Water by Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Su Benyu , Li Zhixiong , Li Rongyao , Rao Rongfu , Yu Jingcun
Published: October 2020

geological hazard in deep underground mining. Before the rock mass explosion, electromagnetic energy will radiate outward during the deformation and rupture of the coal rocks. Hence, it is possible to use the electromagnetic radiation to predict geological disasters in coal mines. A challenging task using the active source electromagnetic survey technique is to detect geological anomalies, such as disaster water sources and geological structures. To this end, this paper proposes a new electromagnetic radiation solution based on the forward and inversion theory to detect geological anomalies in the coal seam. Based on typical coal mine geological models, the forward modelling and inversion modelling have been performed, respectively. The forward modelling explained the geological anomalies inside the coal seam, which were very sensitive to the response of the radiated electromagnetic field; especially, for the water-bearing geological anomalies. The inversion modelling discovered that the inversion geo-electric parameter distribution agreed well with the actual model. As a result, the proposed method is feasible for geological anomalies detection.
Enabling Wireless Power Transfer and Multiple Antennas Selection to IoT Network Relying on NOMA
Authors: Le "Si-Phu , Nguyen Minh-Sang Van , Do Dinh-Thuan , Nguyen Hong-Nhu , Nguyen Ngoc-Long , Nguyen Nhat-Tien , Voznak Miroslav
Published: October 2020

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) is a significant technique for Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Recently, more interest has been focused on multiple access technique without orthogonal signals for wireless communication. Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) scheme is proposed to allow users the access point in IoT network. In this paper, we propose the power beacon which is able to feed energy to power-constraint relay node to further support transmission from the source to destinations in IoT networks. In this article, a NOMA system is benefited by with WPT and antenna selection technique. The system improvement can be achieved through the exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP). The performance gap among two users is evaluated using model of the Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, we compare NOMA with traditional scheme to highlight advantage of such IoT system.
Unfair Contract Terms Protection in Slovakia
Authors: Jurčová Monika , Csach Kristián
Published: October 2020

The unfair contract terms protection in Slovakia is currently regulated by a system of rules in the Slovak Civil Code; the path to the current extent of consumer protection has not been very straightforward. This article analyses the legislative framework on unfair terms, and questions of law enforcement. It further outlines selected issues and empirical evidence in the context of “surprising contract terms,” transparency of a contract term, legislative power of the judiciary, it discusses the controversial of the German approach to resolve conflicts revolving around unfair clauses. The article concludes that the current Slovak regulation of unfair terms in consumer contracts seems to fulfil the requirements set by the UCTD; however, all in all, Slovakia’s national regulation remains fragmented in the Civil Code, the Act on Consumer Protection and special sectoral regulation and supplemented by special procedural regulation.
Freedom of Contract on Crossroads: The Struggle over the Concept of Contract Liberty in 20th Century Poland
Authors: Grochowski Mateusz
Published: October 2020

The text delves into the origins and theoretic premises of the concept of freedom of contract that developed in Poland throughout the 20th century. It attempts to provide a more precise understanding of the economic and political dynamics that led to creation of the quite strong laissez faire perception of contract liberty, which still seems to underpin most of the Polish discourses about contract law. In so doing, the article seeks to analyze two crucial dynamics that seem to be determinative for the current shape of freedom of contract in Poland: the direct translation of the inter-war model of contract liberty into the current civil law, as well as the rapidity and profoundness of the transformation from the centrally-steered to free market economy in the 1990s. This view on intellectual history of contract liberty is, in turn, applied to analyze frictions in transposition of EU contract law, which occur conspicuously in the Polish realities.
ME needs WE to be and WE needs ME to be
Authors: Fischer Hans Rudi
Published: October 2020

Die Folgen einer global entgrenzten Ökonomie, bei der der Gier Einzelner kaum Grenzen gesetzt werden, werden immer deutlicher. Die Zeit ist reif, um die ethischen Grundlagen von Führung neu zu reflektieren: Wie kann und muss das Verhältnis zwischen Führenden und Geführten gedacht werden, um wieder Maß und Mitte, eine Balance zwischen egozentrischen Motiven des Individuums, des ICH und den Zielen/Bedürfnissen des WIR, dem Ganzen, der Organisation zu finden? Wir brauchen ein Führungsverständnis, das das Soziale der Marktwirtschaft verstärkt ins Bewusstsein rückt und Führungsverantwortung und Führungserfolg wieder stärker rückbindet an den gesellschaftlichen Nutzen und das Gemeinwohl einer Organisation. Der Artikel versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen aus Platons Psychologie und seinem Konzept der Selbstsorge zu finden.
The Replication and Spread of Functional Food Messages: The Influence of Personalities on Internet Meme Behavior
Authors: Hong Jon-Chao , Hwang Ming-Yueh , Tai Kai-Hsin
Published: October 2020

The term Internet memes was coined to describe the phenomenon of replicating and spreading messages via social media. This study explores individual personality traits in relation to Internet meme behavior in the context of online news about functional foods based on the expectancy-confirmation process, and also the correlates between value perception and consequential behavior. An online convenience sample was used to collect data by posting on LINE, the instant communication tool, and a total of 343 questionnaires were returned, 252 valid questionnaires were used for structural equation modeling and hypothesis verification. The results found that: (1) Neuroticism was positively related and Extraversion was negatively related to value expectation for consuming functional foods; (2) The food value for health expectation participants can predict replication and usage satisfaction; (3) The usage satisfaction and replicative behavior can predict the frequency of spread messages. The results suggest that consumers with Neuroticism will need to reduce processes of Internet memes to online fake news about functional food.
Reconstruction of Pharyngeal Defects
Authors: Yabe Takako , Ashford Bruce
Published: October 2020

The management of pharyngeal defects is one of the most challenging tasks for reconstructive surgeons. The reconstructive method is driven by the amount of tissue loss as well as patient-related factors. Since the advent of organ preservation strategies in the 1990s as described by the Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study, salvage surgery has become a common pharyngeal procedure to obtain local control when nonsurgical treatment fails. This chapter is divided into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of patient management. Each section will focus on particular aspects of management that are essential to achieve the best therapeutic outcome for patients who need pharyngeal reconstruction.
Recurrence of Basal Cell Carcinoma After Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Salimi Elias , Kanjourpour Asal
Published: October 2020

Background: Among non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common. Objectives: We endeavored to assess the recurrence rate of BCC after surgery and compare tumors recurrence based on different aspects. Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study which was analyzed medical records of 154 patients who had Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) from March 2013 to February 2017 in two clinical centers. For finding if the clinical characteristics of the patients have related to tumoral recurrence, we gathered them, including gender and age of the patient, tumor size, site, and its histological type plus the existence of ulcer in malignancy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software. Statistical difference between proportions was determined by χ2 analysis. Results: The majority of patients (74%) were female (57%) older than 60 years old. Most tumors, based on the histopathological diagnosis, were Infiltrating (43.5%) and nodular and infiltrating (40.3%), respectively. The mean tumor size was 1.81 cm and most of them (74%) were larger than 1 cm. The tumor site was mostly in the nasal (56.5%) followed by the cheek (11%). Most patients (96.8%) had one lesion. The recurrence rate was 1.9%. The mean interval between surgeries to recurrence was 13 months. There was no significant difference between recurrence rate and age, sex, tumor type in terms of clinical diagnosis, tumor location, tumor size, number of lesions, and type of tumor (P < 0.05). Conclusions: the rate of recurrence of BCC in patients treated with MMS is low (1.9%). We recommend the utilization of the MMS technique for the treatment of BCC.