bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ophthalmic webinars on the resident's learning experience during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dasgupta Sushobhan , Shakeel Tarannum , Gupta Priyanka , Kakkar Ashish , Vats Vatsala , Jain Monika , Rathi Viraj , Panwar Juhi , Kaur Kavleen , Gupta Himani
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To analyze the impact of ophthalmic webinars on the resident's learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic (CP).

Methods:

This cross-sectional nationwide study was carried out for 1 month during CP and included a total of 382 ophthalmic residents. A questionnaire was sent through various social media platforms.

Results:

Residents expressed a decline in their clinical exposure (74%; 220), thesis work (58%; 218), and acquisition of the knowledge and skills (42.5%; 161) during CP. Benefits of webinars as perceived by the residents included gain in additional knowledge (77%; 286), feedback on queries (56%; 209), access to multiple speakers (50%; 191), and topics (30%; 110). Nearly 75% (291) of residents endorsed webinars as good to the very good academic tool, and 54% (202) preferred to continue attending webinars in the post-CP phase. However, connectivity/download/data issues (54%; 200) followed by loss of personal touch (53%; 188), lengthy or irrelevant topic (37%; 134), and poor transmission quality (33%; 121) were major deterrents against the webinar.

Conclusion:

The current study generated overall mixed responses from the ophthalmic postgraduate residents in favor of webinars. In the present format, webinars bear enormous potentials to supplement the traditional learning tools by providing uninterrupted learning experiences. However, they are still limited by their pedagogical and technical issues.
Prevalence and risk factor assessment of digital eye strain among children using online e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mohan Amit , Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Jain Elesh , Jain Swapnil
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, symptoms frequency and associated risk factors of digital eye strain (DES) among children attending online classes during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

The online electronic survey form was prepared on the Google app. Children/parents were asked to indicate the total duration of digital device use before and during COVID era. The symptoms of DES, its severity and frequency were recorded & measured with the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire.

Results:

Two hundred and sixty one parents responded to the questionnaire, of these 217 were complete. Mean age of children was 13 ± 2.45 years. Mean duration of digital device used during COVID era was 3.9 ± 1.9 h which is more than pre COVID era (1.9 ± 1.1 h, P = <0.0001). 36.9% (n = 80) were using digital devices >5 h in COVID era as compared to 1.8% (n = 4) before COVID era. The most common digital device used were smartphones (n = 134, 61.7%). One hundred and eight children (49.8%) were attending online classes for >2 h per day. Prevalence of DES in our cohort is 50.23% (109/217). Of these 26.3% were mild, 12.9% moderate and 11.1% of severe grade. Most common symptoms were itching and headache (n = 117, 53.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed age >14 years (P = 0.04), male gender (P = 0.0004), smartphone use (P = 0.003), use of device >5 h (P = 0.0007) and mobile games >1 h/day (P = 0.0001) as independent risk factors for DES in children.

Conclusion:

There is an increased prevalence of DES among children in COVID era. Parents should be considerate about duration, type and distance of digital device use to avoid DES symptoms in children.
Doctor reported outcomes
Authors: Maheshwari Abhilasha , Finger Paul T , Malpani Abhishek , Jain Puneet , Tomar Ankit Singh , Garg Gaurav
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To provide real-world data on the world-wide-web for patient and doctor awareness.

Methods:

From December 2017 to January 2020, consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma (CM), iris ciliary body melanoma (ICM), and ocular surface squamous carcinoma (OSSC) had specific outcomes recorded at each return visit. Each result was anonymized, entered in an online portal, and sent to a unique software program where it was used to create real-world data of number of patients, mean vision, local tumor control, eye salvage, systemic metastases, and length of follow-up for our eye cancer center.

Results:

A HIPAA compliant, internet-based software program was developed and linked to public access web page to collect and analyze near-real-time data pertaining to the treatment, vision, life, and follow-up time of patients. During this period, CM radiation plaque tumor control was 99.7%, median vision 20/25 (mean 20/50) and eye salvage 95.8%. ICM tumor control was 99.1% and the median vision 20/20 (mean 20/20). OSSC tumor control was 100% and the most common vision was 20/20 (mean 20/25). Rates of primary enucleation as treatment were 4.2% for CM, 2.8% for ICM, and 0% for OSSC. All patient results were updated by the ophthalmic oncology fellow at each patient visit as to reflect near-real-time outcomes at our center.

Conclusion:

Prospective data collection of returning patients was found to be a simple method to reflect patient care outcomes. This method of reporting doctor outcomes offers a measure of transparency for patients and an opportunity to compare results with other clinical practices.
Six month follow-up of self-reported loss of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hopkins C. , Surda P. , Vaira L.A. , Lechien J.R. , Safarian M. , Saussez S. , Kumar N.
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Loss of smell and taste is now recognised as amongst the most common symptoms of COVID-19 and the best predictor of COVID-19 positivity. Long term outcomes are unknown. This study aims to investigate recovery of loss of smell and the prevalence of parosmia. METHODOLOGY: 6-month follow-up of respondents to an online surgery who self-reported loss of smell at the onset of the CO- VID-19 pandemic in the UK. Information of additional symptoms, recovery of loss of smell and the development of parosmia was collected. RESULTS: 44% of respondents reported at least one other ongoing symptom at 6 months, of which fatigue (n=106) was the most prevalent. There was a significant improvement in self-rating of severity of olfactory loss where 177 patients stated they had a normal smell of smell while 12 patients reported complete loss of smell. The prevalence of parosmia is 43.1% with median interval of 2.5 months (range 0-6) from the onset of loss of smell. CONCLUSIONS: While many patients recover quickly, some experience long-term deficits with no self-reported improvement at 6 months. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of parosmia even in those who report at least some recovery of olfactory func- tion. Longer term evaluation of recovery is required.
Case Report: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Misdiagnosed as Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Di Altobrando Ambra , Misciali Cosimo , Raone Beatrice , Attard Luciano , Gaspari Valeria
Published: December 2020

With an estimated prevalence of 0.7%, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is the most frequent type of reactive skin lesions seen in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease, together with metastatic Crohn’s disease. However, in the case of persistent cutaneous ulcerations in patients with Crohn’s disease under biologic and/or immunosuppressive therapy, infectious or malignant etiologies should be excluded. We report a case of multiple difficult-to-treat skin ulcerations due to Leishmania in a patient with Crohn’s disease treated with antitumor necrosis factor-alpha drugs, misinterpreted for a long time as PG.
Case Report: Emergence of Candida auris in the Indian Ocean Region
Authors: Levy Yaël , Miltgen Guillaume , Rousseau Alexandra , Lugagne Nathalie , Teysseyre Laura , Traversier Nicolas , Desnos-Ollivier Marie , Allou Nicolas , Allyn Jérôme
Published: December 2020

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that can cause severe infections and spread easily between hospitalized patients, leading to outbreaks in hospital. Here, we report the first four cases of colonization and invasive infection with C. auris reported in the Indian Ocean region. All cases were observed in the French overseas Reunion Island, a very popular destination for European travelers. Three patients had urinary tract or skin colonization, and one had a fatal invasive infection. In three cases, including that of the infected patient, the yeast was not initially identified as C. auris, preventing specific hygiene measures to be implemented as suggested in the December 2016 clinical alert to European healthcare facilities. The infected patient likely acquired C. auris in the intensive care unit from the first colonized patient. This is the first case of C. auris infection and the first potential case of nosocomial transmission of the pathogen to be reported in the French overseas Reunion Island.
Lung Ultrasound for Detection of Pulmonary Complications in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Pisani Luigi , De Nicolo Anna , Schiavone Marcella , Adeniji Adetunji O. , De Palma Angela , Di Gennaro Francesco , Emuveyan Edward Ejiro , Grasso Salvatore , Henwood Patricia C. , Koroma Alimamy P. , Leopold Stije , Marotta Claudia , Marulli Giuseppe , Putoto Giovanni , Pisani Enzo , Russel James , Serpa Neto Ary , Dondorp Arjen M. , Hanciles Eva , Koroma Michael M. , Schultz Marcus J.
Published: December 2020

Critically ill parturients have an increased risk of developing pulmonary complications. Lung ultrasound (LUS) could be effective in addressing the cause of respiratory distress in resource-limited settings with high maternal mortality. We aimed to determine the frequency, timing of appearance, and type of pulmonary complications in critically ill parturients in an obstetric unit in Sierra Leone. In this prospective observational study, LUS examinations were performed on admission, after 24 and 48 hours, and in case of respiratory deterioration. Primary endpoint was the proportion of parturients with one or more pulmonary complications, stratified for the presence of respiratory distress. Secondary endpoints included timing and types of complications, and their association with “poor outcome,” defined as a composite of transfer for escalation of care or death. Of 166 patients enrolled, 35 patients (21% [95% CI: 15–28]) had one or more pulmonary complications, the majority diagnosed on admission. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (period prevalence 4%) and hydrostatic pulmonary edema (4%) were only observed in patients with respiratory distress. Pneumonia (2%), atelectasis (10%), and pleural effusion (7%) were present, irrespective of respiratory distress. When ultrasound excluded pulmonary complications, respiratory distress was related to anemia or metabolic acidosis. Pulmonary complications were associated with an increased risk of poor outcome (odds ratio: 5.0; 95% CI: 1.7–14.6; P = 0.003). In critically ill parturients in a resource-limited obstetric unit, LUS contributed to address the cause of respiratory distress by identifying or excluding pulmonary complications. These were associated with a poor outcome.
DEPOSIT INSURANCE COVERAGE LIMIT: HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? EVIDENCE FROM INDIA
Authors: Sardana Varda , Shukla Abha
Published: December 2020

Deposit insurance is one of the safety nets employed by nations to ensure banking stability and depositor protection. Determining the appropriate coverage limit for depositors under a system of explicit deposit insurance is one of the most important policy decisions. This study examines the adequacy of deposit insurance coverage limit, through a case of India, to determine the appropriate level of coverage. The study also investigates the suitability of the recent five-fold increase in the coverage limit of India. Time series data from 1993-94 to 2017-18 has been employed for the regression analysis. India’s data has been compared with several countries with similar deposit insurance characteristics, using a t-test of sample means, over the period 2003 to 2017. The results show that the real coverage limit as well as the coverage ratio in India has been declining over the sample period. Moreover, India’s position has tumbled vis-à-vis its peers in terms of coverage ratio. The findings suggest that the increase in India’s coverage limit, after almost 27 years, is a much-needed move. The increase is enough to bring back India’s coverage limit to comparable levels; however, this one-time increase is not sufficient in isolation of other policy variables.
Ética e encenação no cinema dos irmãos Dardenne
Authors: Silva Guerreiro Alexandre
Published: December 2020

O universo dardenneano é constituído por personagens que enfrentam dilemas morais, em um cenário marcado pela desumanização das pessoas no mundo atual. Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre ética e encenação no cinema de Jean-Pierre e Luc Dardenne, investigando como os filmes reverberam a postura ética dos cineastas em questão. Através de uma análise de fragmentos dos filmes realizados pela dupla desde A promessa (1996) até O jovem Ahmed (2019), buscamos examinar as obras a partir de sua dimensão estética para, em seguida, abordarmos as premissas éticas colocadas pelos cineastas. O objetivo é demonstrar de que forma a encenação é pautada pela visão de mundo dos irmãos Dardenne.
Cultura Digital
Authors: Saraiva Rodrigues Olira , De Sousa Rocha Cleomar
Published: December 2020

A proposta deste artigo é clarificar questões que problematizem a noção preestabelecida de transformação comportamental humana, diante do contexto da cultura digital, com a compreensão de posicionamentos integrados e apocalípticos de Umberto Eco (1993), frente às inovações tecnológicas. Além de dar visibilidade à opacidade de alguns mitos pré-determinados da utilização dubitável do termo inteligente, enquanto atributo de perspicácia e intelecção, diante da análise crítica de Flusser (2008), sob o modo de compreensão de como sistemas programados por aparelhos tecnológicos são utilizados e como, a partir disso, a cultura é afetada.
As angústias da escolha
Authors: Amorim Melo Alvim Luiza Beatriz
Published: December 2020

O livro Rostos de Bergman: vida e morte em um plano é constituído de textos de diversos autores em torno de sete filmes (Morangos silvestres, O sétimo selo, Gritos e sussurros, A hora do Lobo, Persona, Sonata de outono e Saraband). Após um primeiro texto sobre Morangos silvestres, o livro está organizado em três blocos de duplas de filmes, como os duetos do último filme de Bergman, Saraband. Entre textos de apresentação e textos analíticos, de vieses filosóficos, psicanalíticos e outros, a coletânea nos traz rostos imagéticos e sonoros da vida e da morte, duo fundamental na obra do diretor sueco.
Narrativas estéticas como política de resistencia desde la experiencia femenina hondureña
Authors: Gas Silvia
Published: December 2020

Honduras se enmarca en un escenario de violencias de diferente índole que imposibilitan el progreso democrático del país. Las altas tasas de violencia criminal son adjudicadas a una problemática entre pandillas que persiste en un contexto de pobreza y desigualdad. El efecto resultante de esta perspectiva reduccionista, abordada por el Estado, implica la implantación de medidas represivas hacia la sociedad, en lugar de plantear políticas preventivas. Las violencias son jerarquizadas otorgándoles diferentes valores. En este sentido, los feminicidios son considerados como una problemática menor. Se observa una falta de intención por parte de las instituciones en solucionar estas prácticas que favorecen la impunidad y afectan al desarrollo personal de las mujeres. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre el contexto particular hondureño y la representación artística de las violencias ejercidas hacia las mujeres. Las artistas, desde su condición, experiencia y realidad establecen un diálogo político abordado desde el lenguaje estético como acto transformador y de resistencia. ¿Cuáles son las estrategias y narrativas empleadas por las artistas hondureñas para evidenciar las violencias? Para su análisis, la metodología empleada se fundamentó en planteamientos epistemológicos feministas que permitieran una interpretación reflexiva de las obras propuestas por las artistas. Entre los resultados obtenidos de la indagación, se verificó la perpetuación del sistema patriarcal que afecta al devenir artístico desarrollado por las mujeres. Asimismo, la dificultad de hacer visible la realidad oculta, acerca de las violencias, que permanece sometida a un pacto de silencio instigado por la cultura del miedo que amparan las instituciones.
Dacia Maraini: Hijos abusados y madres silenciadas
Authors: González Rodríguez Begoña
Published: December 2020

Dacia Maraini ha trasladado a sus obras la cruda realidad de muchos niños que viven atrapados en las redes de hombres que cometen sobre ellos abusos sexuales  y con quienes comparten su día a día. De manera indirecta las madres de esos niños también son prisioneras de esa violencia por parte de sus parejas. Este trabajo pretende analizar a través de cuatro relatos de Dacia Maraini, el papel de las madres ante el abuso sexual de sus hijos. Tanto si son cómplices, como si se enfrentan a los abusadores, poniéndose de parte de los hijos, las madres cargan con el peso de la culpa, lo que supone a veces la destrucción de sus propias vidas.
Vostell y su lectura contemporánea de la tragedia antigua. Reflexiones en torno a la obra 7 contra Tebas (1992)
Authors: García Manso Angelica
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio ofrece un análisis de 7 contra Tebas, obra del año 1992 en la que Wolf Vostell sintetiza tres de las claves estéticas más importantes que se dan a lo largo de su trayectoria creativa: la importancia de lo teatral, el Muro de Berlín como síntoma de lo humano y la imagen de la caída que encarna la figura mitológica de Ícaro –aunque Ícaro no sea partícipe de la obra de Esquilo que inspira la propuesta artística–. La composición, diseñada como proyecto para el Festival de Teatro Clásico de Mérida en paralelo con la propuesta de un faro de arte contemporáneo para las Islas Baleares –ambas fallidas al cabo–, se presenta con una rica polisemia en un contexto que sintetiza en buena medida el conjunto de la obra de Vostell desde sus inicios.
Trasfondo trágico en la pintura de Luis Ortega Bru
Authors: Luque Teruel Andrés
Published: December 2020

El artículo plantea el reflejo del sufrimiento de Luis Ortega Bru en su pintura como consecuencia de los trágicos sucesos que vivió en la guerra civil española. A ese sufrimiento se ha aludido en numerosas ocasiones; sin embargo, apenas se ha tenido en cuenta a la hora de estudiar su escultura, muy conocida, en buena medida porque quedaba oculto bajo el dolor pasionista en sus temas religiosos, los únicos que se habían estudiado hasta hace muy poco. Mucho menos su pintura, que no se ha dado a conocer de modo sistemático hasta un reciente estudio, con la lógica carencia para la fijación de su personalidad artística desde una perspectiva global hasta ese momento, en la que quedaron claras sus aportaciones en uno u otro género y las relaciones establecidas entre ambos. Por ello, es el momento de profundizar en el trasfondo trágico que las caracteriza.
Muharrem Matemi/Orucu, Aşura Günü ve Erzincan'da Aşure Etkinlikleri
Authors: ÜNLÜ İhsan
Published: December 2020

Semavi olan veya olmayan tüm dinler, inanç grupları ve ideolojiler, bazı gün ve geceleri önemine binaen diğer zamanlara göre daha muteber ve kutsal kabul etmişlerdir. Bu itibarla, inanç yapısı ve kültürel bir miras olarak bazı günler, geceler ve aylarda bir takım ayinler ve ritüeller gerçekleştirilir. Topluluklar, bu günlerde cereyan ettiğine inandıkları olaylar sebebiyle birtakım kutlamalar ve yas törenlerinde bulunurlar. Bu tür etkinliklerin, toplumsal hafıza ve birlik-beraberlik açısından önemli bir sosyal/kültürel aktivite olduğu muhakkaktır. Bu durum hiç şüphesiz İslâm Dini mensupları için de geçerlidir. Neticede –aralarında birtakım farklılıklar olsa da- çok fazla ortak noktanın ve değerlerin bulunduğu İslâm topluluklarını da bir arada tutan günler ve geceler vardır. Bunlardan biri de ‘hürmet ayı’ olarak bilinen Muharrem ayı ve bu ayda gerçekleştirilen aşure etkinliğidir. Tarihi kayıtlara göre, hicri takvimin onuncu gününe rastlayan bu günde pek çok peygamberin başından önemli hadiseler geçerek sonunda kurtuluşa ermişlerdir. Bu kurtuluşun nişanesi ve şükrü olarak, Yahudi toplulukları ve çeşitli Müslüman toplulukları tarafından bu gün, değişik etkinliklerle kutlanagelmiştir. Öte yandan, Hz. Hüseyin’in aynı günde Kerbela’da katledilmesinden dolayı bu gün, Şii ve Alevi çevrelerce matem havası içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu meyanda, mezkûr çevreler bu günü oruçla ve yas tutarak karşılamışlardır. Bu makalemizde, öncelikle genel hatlarıyla Muharrem ayı, aşûre günü, muharrem orucu/matemi ve sonrasında Erzincan’da bu hususta yapılan uygulamaları tespit edip yazdık. Bu şekilde, farklı uygulamalar olsa da toplumun tamamını ilgilendiren bir hususu değişik veçheleriyle ele almaya çalıştık
EKSTRÜZYON TİPİ DÖVME PROSESİNDE KONİK KALIP AÇISININ DEFORMASYONA ETKİSİ
Authors: SARIKAYA Simay , KURAL Saim
Published: December 2020

Aynı tipte numuneyi Simufact programında farklı açılardaki konik girişli kalıpta ekstrüzyon tipi dövme prosesi uygulandı. Çıkan numunede oluşan deformasyon sonuçları karşılaştırıldı.
EMPREGO DAS FORÇAS ARMADAS COMO GARANTIA DA LEI E DA ORDEM DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: França Rodrigo Lima , Júnior Luciano Melo de Oliveira , Souza Orlando Mattos Sparta de , Carpes Mariana Montez
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa visa responder à seguinte pergunta: O emprego das Forças Armadas (FA) na garantia da lei e da ordem representa a solução para os problemas de segurança pública no Brasil? O emprego das FA em Operações de Garantia da Lei e da Ordem de forma episódica e pontual, conforme prescreve os documentos de Defesa do Brasil, em ações que envolvam a agenda da Segurança Pública, particularmente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sugere uma análise em relação aos possíveis reflexos para a Defesa Nacional, tendo em vista que em linhas gerais, sua missão precípua apresenta mais afinidade com assuntos de defesa do que com assuntos relacionados à segurança. Além disso, a situação atual que o país atravessa exerce papel relevante para que ocorram esses empregos com maior frequência. A necessidade de se manter o grau de operacionalidade e prontidão das Forças Armadas (FA) conduz a uma observação no tocante ao seu emprego em ações de segurança pública, que tem sido provocado, em certa medida, pelo alargamento do conceito de segurança citado nos documentos de Defesa Nacional. Desta feita, o trabalho pretende identificar os aspectos que devem ser observados para adoção do emprego das Forças Armadas nesse mister, alicerçado no entendimento da relação entre a Política de Defesa Nacional e o emprego do Poder Militar, nas ações de garantia da lei e da ordem. Ao final, pretende-se constituir mais uma ferramenta para auxiliar na gestão de defesa em todos os níveis e oferecer material para auxiliar a tomada de decisões, no âmbito das Forças Armadas.
ESTREITOS NO ORIENTE MÉDIO E A SEGURANÇA ENERGÉTICA
Authors: Nunes André Figueiredo , Visentini Paulo Gilberto Fagundes
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relevância dos Estreitos do Oriente Médio para a segurança energética internacional. Desse modo, propõe-se uma análise do valor geográfico e político de três importantes rotas marítimas da região, a saber o Estreito de Ormuz, o Estreito de Bab el-Mandeb e o Canal de Suez, que apesar de não ser um Estreito é um canal aquaviário de grande importância para o fluxo comercial marítimo entre o Oriente e o Ocidente. Nesse sentido, com o intuito de atender à finalidade deste estudo, a pesquisa aborda a Teoria do Complexo de Segurança Regional, elaborada no âmbito da Escola de Copenhagen e, somado a isto, propõe a análise de um subcomplexo regional de segurança no Oriente Médio voltado para o estudo dos seus três principais chokepoints marítimos. Além disso, é discutido o conceito de segurança energética sob o ponto de vista dos países produtores e consumidores de hidrocarbonetos, bem como a importância dos Estreitos como rotas de trânsito naval para o atendimento das demandas internacionais deste setor. Para finalizar, o artigo examina a navegação através dos Estreitos à luz do Direito Internacional apoiando-se em tratados internacionais como a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar de 1982 e da Convenção de Constantinopla de 1888.
FORÇAS ARMADAS NA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA
Authors: Dias Haryan Gonçalves , Gomes Tulio Endres da Silva
Published: December 2020

As ações das Forças Armadas na área da área de segurança pública têm sofrido um incremento significativo nos últimos anos, em número de ocorrências e, também, na intensidade destas. Esse emprego tem por pressuposto jurídico o preconizado na Constituição Federal (CF), em seu artigo 144. A Lei Complementar nº 97/1999 e o Decreto Presidencial nº 3.197/2001 são as grandes bases regulamentadoras do assunto. No entanto, esses pressupostos não são suficientes para amparar e conceder a necessária segurança jurídica às ações das Forças Armadas no âmbito das competências policiais da segurança pública. A Lei Penal brasileira destina-se a verificar condutas típicas praticadas por todo e qualquer agente, independente de pressuposições de excludentes de ilicitude ou de culpabilidade, que só são medidas após o início do processo legal. O Direito Internacional Humanitário (DIH), também chamado de Direito Internacional dos Conflitos Armados (DICA) não tem ampla aplicação no âmbito interno e projetos para a sua internalização pioram mais ainda a proteção à legitimidade e à legalidade das ações dos militares em operações na área de segurança pública. É preciso prover segurança jurídica às tropas federais que operam na segurança pública, sob pena de serem os agentes militares protetores dos cidadãos, vítimas de sua própria lei interna. É preciso comprometimento de outros entes públicos ao legislar ou ao interpretar a juridicidade do assunto. Assim, busca-se mostrar, neste artigo, o regime de insegurança jurídica em que operam as Forças Armadas quando atuando na segurança pública e que algo precisa ser feito a respeito. Do contrário, as consequências tendem a ser sempre negativas aos militares que atuam na garantia da lei e da ordem, na garantia de votações e apurações eleitorais, na vigilância de fronteiras, em apoio à defesa civil e em outras tantas operações em cooperação e coordenação com agências (OCCA). Além disso, as consequências serão negativas, também, à imagem das Forças Armadas.
Accounting Guidelines Implementation: A Study on Economic Development of Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Radjak Lukfiah Irwan , Hiola Yustina
Published: December 2020

The development of Islamic boarding schools is one of the targets for sharia economic development which is based on the understanding of the halal value chain where the development of Islamic economics and finance summarizes various initiative programs including the development of Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this study is to describe how the implementation of the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines at Al Huda Islamic Boarding School which is more focused on the readiness of HR at Al Huda Islamic Boarding School in applying the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. The Al Huda Islamic boarding school was chosen as the research locus because the Al Huda Islamic Boarding School was appointed by Bank Indonesia Gorontalo Representative Office as a pilot project for the Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) which applies the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. The stages of the research method began with observations and results of interviews with informants from the board of the Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School. The results showed that there was a desire to apply these guidelines in the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school. Even though treasurers, secretaries and operators do not have a basic knowledge of the Economics of Accounting, the existing human resources are ready to apply the Pesantren accounting guidelines, of course, adjusting to the needs of the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school. The author sees that there is no urgency in implementing Islamic boarding school accounting guidelines at the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school because the reporting entity is the foundation that houses the Al-Huda Islamic boarding school, the Al Huda Islamic Education and Da'wah Foundation, Gorontalo. The foundation is fully responsible for the donors or the community.
The Effect of Extract of Canarian Nuts on Reduction of Total Cholesterol Levels of Hyperglicemic Rat
Authors: Pebriani Reski , Jafar Nurhaedar , Wahiduddin Wahiduddin , Hidayanti Healthy , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Salamah Ummu
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of walnut extract (Canarium indica) on the total cholesterol levels of hyperglycemic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L). Experimental research with pre-post-test control design. The samples in this study were 28 rats induced by alloxan to become hyperglycemic. The test animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of seven: negative control (Na CMC 1%), positive control (metformin 150 mg / Kg BW), walnut extract group 300 mg / Kg BW (0.06g / 200gr BW), and extract 600 mg / Kg BW (0.12 / 200g BW). The intervention was given walnut extract for 21 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured by the Easytouch Multi-Monitoring System. This study used SPSS with paired t-test and ANOVA test.  The results showed a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in all groups after treatment (p <0.05). There was a significant difference in the reduction of total cholesterol levels between groups with a value of p = 0.037. The results of the posthoc test showed a difference in the reduction in total cholesterol levels between the 300 extract group, 1% Na CMC, and metformin and the 600 extract group with 1% Na CMC p-value <0.05, there was no difference between the 600 extract group and the metformin group. p> 0.05. Walnut extract was effective in reducing alloxan-induced fasting blood sugar levels of mice. Total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic rats experienced a significant decrease after 21 days of intervention with walnut extract 300 and 600 mg/kg BW, but only walnut extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW had the same effectiveness as metformin.
L’influence perçue des instruments d’action publique fédéraux et provinciaux sur la production de recherche universitaire au Canada
Authors: Bégin-Caouette Olivier , Nakano Koga Silvia Mirlene , Karram Stephenson Grace
Published: December 2020

Cet article vise à comparer la perception qu’ont les professeurs de Colombie-Britannique, d’Ontario et du Québec des instruments d’action publique fédéraux et provinciaux quant à leur influence sur la production de recherche dans leur province. Les scores moyens, une MANOVA et des analyses post-hoc de Dunnett C réalisées sur les résultats provenant d’un questionnaire distribué à 786 participants révèlent que les instruments fédéraux sont perçus comme ayant une influence plus importante que les instruments provinciaux, mais aussi qu’il existe une différence significative entre les scores attribués aux instruments provinciaux par les professeurs québécois et par leurs homologues des autres provinces.
Diary Study sebagai Metode Pengumpulan Data pada Riset Kuantitatif: Sebuah Literature Review
Authors: Apriliawati Denisa
Published: December 2020

Beberapa tantangan dalam penelitian kuantitatif yang masih belum bisa diatasi selama ini adalah validitas ekologis pada penelitian eksperimen dan recall bias pada penelitian survey. Guna menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis tertarik dengan penggunaan Diary Study/ Experience Sampling Method (ESM). ESM merupakan metode pengumpulan data secara berkala yang bersifat real-time di latar alami partisipan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review untuk menganalisis definisi, prosedur serta kelebihan dan kekurangan ESM. Berdasar hasil telaah pustaka, ESM diketahui dapat menggambarkan proses inter maupun intra-individu, memiliki validitas ekologis yang bagus, meminimalisasi recall bias dan mendapatkan data yang beragam. Sayangnya, penggunaan ESM masih terkendala beberapa hal seperti self-selction bias, atrisi, motivasi serta kompleksnya managemen maupun teknik analisis data yang digunakan. Hal-hal yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut telah didiskusikan. Abstract. Some existing challenges in quantitative research are ecological validity in experimental psychology and recall bias in the survey study. In order to answer those questions, the author was interested in the experience sampling method (ESM) or diary study. ESM is a research method that collects data frequently in participants’ real-world settings. This study performed a systematic literature review to analyze the definition, procedures, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of ESM. According to the literature review, ESM is known to describe both intra-individual (within-subject) and extra-individual (between-subject) processes, has better ecological validity compared to experimental research, can minimize recall bias, and was able to obtain various data. Unfortunately, there were some drawbacks such as self-selection bias, attrition, motivation, also the complexity of its data management and analysis. Some procedures to minimize those issues have been discussed.
Urbanization and Security in Africa: A Technological Perspective
Authors: Osita Agbu Professor , Akpati Nzeribe Dr. Samson
Published: December 2020

Urbanization as a phenomenon has been evolving since man began his existence on planet earth. It has evolved from hamlets of the primitive era of civilization, through village clusters, micro-cities, cities to urban centers. The dynamics of change has been constant in the evolutionary trend of civilization, and of the growth of cities. The only deviation in the narrative of globalization and urbanization is that the developed cities of western world have always served as the case studies. This could be attributed to the fact that the West for example, laid better technological foundations that helped in the realization of their city development plans. The catch-up game has been the order of the day with African countries and cities. In examining the effects of a globalized and urbanized world, and its attendant security implications in Africa, this chapter, as a point of departure focuses on the technological dimension of this problem.
Gestión de supervisión pedagógica y su relación con el desempeño docente del nivel secundaria de la I.E. N° 3089 “Los Ángeles”, Ugel Ventanilla. Región Callao – 2017
Authors: Salvatierra Mattos Silvia Mercedes
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue: determinar la relación existente entre la gestión de supervisión pedagógica y el desempeño docente del nivel secundaria de la I.E N° 3089 “Los Ángeles”, UGEL Ventanilla. Región Callao-2017, y su propósito fue encontrar los conocimientos respecto a las implicancias en la conducción de la gestión educativa.

El estudio se desarrolló en el enfoque cuantitativo en el método hipotético deductivo, con el tipo de estudio básico de diseño no experimental transversal. Para la toma de datos se aplicó dos instrumentos validados a criterio de jueces y determinando su confiabilidad estadística mediante una prueba piloto y el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach en una muestra intencional de 36 docentes.

 De los procedimientos de análisis realizados se encontró un coeficiente de r Spearman = ,712 con un valor p= ,000 lo que indica que las variables presentan una relación lineal altamente significativa indicando que la supervisión pedagógica está relacionada positivamente con el desempeño docente, infiriendo que a mejor gestión de supervisión pedagógica mayor será nivel del desempeño docente del nivel secundaria de la I.E. N° 3089 “Los

Ángeles”, UGEL Ventanilla. Región Callao-2017.
A Systematic Review on Vitex negundo (NIRPROMP formulations) for the Treatment of Acute Cough of Mild to Moderate Severity in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Alegado-Bagaoisan Daisy-Mae , Castro Mary Christine R. , Purificacion Jaime M.
Published: December 2020

Objective. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vitex negundo (lagundi) for the treatment of acute cough of mild to moderate severity among pediatric patients.Methods. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing lagundi to placebo for acute cough of mild to moderate severity in children and adolescents aged two to twenty one years in ambulatory settings was performed. Authors of unpublished clinical trials with existing patent numbers were contacted and permission was obtained to access and include their studies in this review.

Results. Seven studies were included, with a total of 308 participants. Lagundi increased the peak exploratory flow rate (PEFR) at the end of therapy compared with placebo but this was not statistically significant (p=0.36). The increase in PEFR was consistent with the results of the mechanistic isolated tissue studies that showed bronchodilating effect of lagundi. Studies using lagundi syrup showed decrease in the frequency of cough by 44–71%.

Conclusion. Lagundi therapy in acute cough of mild to moderate severity among pediatric patients has a bronchodilating effect and decreases the frequency and duration of coughing, with no serious adverse effects.
Antiviral Effect of Crude Aqueous Extracts from Ten Philippine Medicinal Plants against Zika Virus
Authors: Vista Fatima Ericka S. , Dalmacio Leslie Michelle M. , Corales Laarni Grace M. , Salem Gielenny M. , Galula Jedhan U. , Chao Day-Yu
Published: December 2020

Objective. This study aimed to determine the antiviral activity of ten Philippine medicinal plants against Zika virus (ZIKV). Methods. Lyophilized aqueous plant extracts were used for cell cytotoxicity and virus inhibition assays. The therapeutic index was computed from the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) values. Plant metabolites were also identified using mass spectroscopy. An in-silico screening of these metabolites was done using ZIKV enzymes and the Axl protein in human microglial cells as target proteins, followed by the ranking of binding energy scores to generate a hypothesis on the possible mechanism of antiviral action.Results. The plants that demonstrated the highest therapeutic index were Momordica charantia, Psidium guajava, Vitex negundo, and Blumea balsamifera. The majority of the metabolites present in the aqueous extracts were saponin, terpenes and terpenoids, and anthocyanin. Further, in-silico docking results showed a higher binding affinity for viral replication proteins compared to the viral envelope protein.Conclusion. The crude aqueous extracts of M. charantia, P. guajava, V. negundo, and B. balsamifera were the most potent candidate antiviral therapies against ZIKV among the ten plants tested. Meanwhile, the in-silico results suggested that the metabolites possibly employ an intracellular mechanism for the observed antiviral activity.
Pattern and Predictors of Locoregional Failure in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Modified Radical Mastectomy with or without Radiotherapy: Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Patients in a Tertiary Hospital Breast Cente
Authors: Macalindong Shiela S. , Lajara Sigfred B. , Ynion Jhoanne C. , Hernandez-Diwa Michele S. , Dela Peña Arturo S.
Published: December 2020

Objective. The study aimed to identify the pattern and clinicopathologic factors associated with locoregional failure (LRF) in locally-advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).Methods. Retrospective cohort analysis of LABC patients who developed LRF following NAC and MRM with or without RT in the Breast Care Center, Philippine General Hospital from 2007-2010 was done. Clinicopathologic and treatment factors were compared between patients who developed and did not develop recurrence using Student's t-tests and Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis, with p values ≤0.05 considered significant.Results. A total of 63 patients were included, 34 with locoregional recurrence (LR) and 29 without. Two-year locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) was 54% with mean time to recurrence at 263 days and chest wall as most common site. Simple logistic regression analysis showed age distribution, pathologic nodal status (pN), percentage positive pathologic lymph nodes, pathologic stage, lymphovascular invasion, and adjuvant RT to be predictors of LR. Furthermore, pN (OR 1.31, CI 1.07-1.59, p=0.01) and adjuvant RT (OR 0.14, CI 0.04-0.53, p=0.004) were independent predictors of LR on multiple logistic regression analysis. In the subset of patients without adjuvant RT, no independent predictor of LR was found on multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion. Among patients with LABC who received NAC and MRM, locoregional recurrence occurred frequently, usually in the chest wall and within a year of treatment. The absence of adjuvant radiotherapy and increased number of positive pathologic lymph nodes were predictive of locoregional recurrence.
The In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemicals of Locally Consumed Plant Foods from Quezon Province, Philippines
Authors: Yu Gracia Fe B. , Cabrera Rachel Camille R. , Bueno Paolo Robert P. , Sia Isidro C.
Published: December 2020

Background. Quezon province has been one of the primary agricultural sources of vegetables and crops in southern Luzon due to its diverse agricultural topography. Having increased dietary awareness, consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has become relevant. Objectives. Thirteen (13) methanolic extracts of endemic Quezon plant foods were evaluated for phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential.Methods. The plant extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays, which include DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl], FRAP [Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching], metal chelation, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and MTT [ (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] reduction. Qualitative phytochemical analysis were also employed. Results. P. umbellatum, locally known as kamamba and C. longa, locally known as luyang dilaw showed high antioxidant activity using DPPH and MTT assays by 82.46±0.75% and 82.35±1.79% and 78.46±0.71% and 60.97±2.60% at 66.67 μg/mL, respectively. FRAP assay revealed a comparable reducing power with BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (93.61±0.56%) at 72.15 μg/mL in C. longa (92.49±1.32%), P. umbellatum (92.38±0.64%), and Z. officinale (90.33±2.06%) (luya), but found with low metal chelating activity. The highest activity against hydroxyl radical were observed in S. edule (sayote) (34.30±1.88%), P. edulis (pasyonaryo) (33.48±1.34%) and D. philippinensis (katmon) (34.71±0.85%) at 45.5 μg/mL. On the other hand, Z. officinale, C. esculenta (gabi), V. unguiculata (sitaw) fruit and D. philippinensis showed dual action, as antioxidant and as pro-oxidant, in Superoxide Scavenging and Nitric Oxide assays. Quezon province plant foods contain flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and coumarins and quinones which may explain their behavior as antioxidant.Conclusion. The study revealed that different plant foods showed different capacity to scavenge particular oxidants. However, P. umbellatum and C. longa may be considered promising sources of natural antioxidants.
Development and Content Validation of the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire for Occupational Therapy Educators
Authors: Cabatan Maria Concepcion C. , Grajo Lenin C. , Sana Erlyn A.
Published: December 2020

Objective. The process of adaptation in academia can best be understood and measured using valid and reliable tools. To understand how occupational therapy educators adapt to academic roles and how they use adaptation to build academic careers, the Adaptation Process in Academia Questionnaire (APA-Q) was developed. The APA-Q is a 199-item tool with four sections: academic experiences (104 items); contexts (16 items); adapting responses (13 items); and adaptation outcomes (66 items). This study described the development and the process of determining the content validity of the APA-Q.Method. We conducted an extensive review of literature and the available faculty instruments in developing the APA-Q items. Six content experts were recruited to rate the 199-item and scale relevance of the instrument. Qualitative feedback were provided from open-ended questions. Item and scale content validity indices (I-CVI/S-CVI) were calculated. CVI and qualitative assessment informed questionnaire revisions. Results. Content experts rated 161 of the items (81%) to be highly relevant. The I-CVI of 30 items was acceptable (0.83). Eight items were rated irrelevant (0.5-0.66). S-CVI was excellent (0.97). In terms of constructs, experts agreed on the relevance of items (>0.80): academic experiences (99 or 95%); contexts (16 or 100%); adapting responses (12 or 92%); and adaptation outcomes (63 or 95%). Qualitative assessment indicated a lack of clarity in some items and instructions, redundancy in some of the items, the use of jargon, and missing items. Based on I-CVI and qualitative assessment, 12 items were deleted, 13 items were revised, and 10 items were added. Conclusion. Context experts deemed the APA-Q to be relevant. Further establishment of its construct validity and reliability is warranted.
Clinical Profiles and Outcomes of the Most Common Inherited Metabolic Diseases in the Philippines: A Review of the National Institutes of Health – Institute of Human Genetics Metabolic Registry
Authors: Faner Monette R. , Chiong Mary Anne D.
Published: December 2020

Objective. This study reviewed the profiles and outcomes of patients diagnosed to have the five most common inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) in the Metabolic Registry of the National Institutes of Health – Institute of Human Genetics (NIH-IHG) from 1999 to 2016.

Methods. The medical records of the patients diagnosed with the following inherited metabolic diseases were reviewed: maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), galactosemia, hyperphenylalaninemias (including classical phenylketonuria, mild hyperphenylalaninemia, and pterin defects), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD).

Results. There was a total of 567 patients with IMDs, giving a minimum estimated burden of 1.9 per 100,000 livebirths (1:51,760). Clinical presentations were similar to those reported in literature. Majority of the cases of galactosemia and hyperphenylalaninemias presented with a positive newborn screening result. The local prevalence of MSUD and MPS II were higher compared to international data, which may be explained by reported founder mutations among Filipinos. Majority of the patients with IMDs were diagnosed late leading to preventable developmental delay or intellectual disability and death. Majority of patients with MSUD (80.6%) and MPS (94.7%) had intellectual disability or developmental delay. Mortality was 50.5% among patients with MSUD and 100% among patients with adrenoleukodystrophy.

Conclusion. There is a diversity of IMDs present in the country. A long-term strategic plan, such as the full implementation of the National Rare Disease Act, is foreseen to improve access to comprehensive healthcare and quality of life of patients with IMDs in the country.
Los diputados no adscritos en el laberinto: comentario a la S.T.C. 159/2019, de 12 de diciembre
Authors: Greciet García Esteban
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo glosa la primera sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional español que resuelve un recurso de amparo de un Diputado no adscrito por los derechos y facultades que se le habían atribuido, en cuanto tal, en un Parlamento autonómico, y pone en relación su situación jurídica con las soluciones que los Reglamentos de las Cámaras y la legislación tratan de dar a la desafección ideológica y al fenómeno del transfuguismo, como anomalía de la relación de representación política.