bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mammalian fauna of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, the Czech Republic)
Authors: Roblíčková Martina , Káňa Vlastislav , Fišáková Miriam Nývltová
Published: February 2019

Barová Cave is located in the central part of the Moravian Karst (the Czech Republic), on the right slope of Josefovské Valley; it is the outflow part of Rudické propadání (Rudice Sink) – Býčí skála (Bull Rock) cave system. Even since its discovery by A. Sobol in 1947, Barová Cave has been known as important palaeontological site, with well-preserved fauna of the Late Pleistocene. In the summer of 2011, a landslide of sediments revealed yet unexamined fossiliferous positions, and started the current research activity. There were discovered skeletal remains of these 21 taxa of vertebrates between 2011 – 2017 in Barová Cave: bear from the cave bear group (Ursus ex gr. spelaeus), cave lion (Panthera spelaea), wolf (Canis lupus), cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), brown bear (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx), wolverine (Gulo gulo), fox, probably red (Vulpes cf. vulpes), marten (Martes cf. martes), alpine ibex (Capra ibex), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), aurochs or bison (Bos primigenius/Bison priscus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), horse (Equus sp.), woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), hare (Lepus sp.), lemming (Dicrostonyx sp.), bank vole (Myodes sp.), jackdaw (Corvus monedula) and probably northern pintail (Anas aff. acuta). Animal osteological material from sectors 2, 3, 4 and R4 from the Under the Ladder test pit in Barová Cave is analysed in detail in this paper. Bears from the group of cave bears completely dominate, the total sum of bones determined as bear bones make up nearly 95% of all determined material. The cave lion bones comprise nearly 3% of the determined osteological material; bones of a wolf represent about 1.2%, bones of cave hyena approximately 0.5% and bones of ungulates approximately 0.2% of all determined material (Tab. 1). From the MNI point of view the bears from the cave bear group dominate too. Bear bones belonged to at least 40 individuals (70.2% of all minimally present individuals) of all age categories (Tabs 1, 2). The predominance of bones of bears from the cave bear group in Barová Cave shows that the cave was mainly used as a bear wintering site. The presence of bear cub bones proved that the cave also served females as a birthing place. Some bones of bears from the group of cave bears and several bones of cave lions, cave hyenas and wolves also show evidence of bite and gnawing marks by carnivores or scavengers (cave lions, cave hyenas, wolves and perhaps cave bears). This suggests that hibernating bears, and more often the cadavers or isolated bones of dead individuals sometimes served as a food source. The seasonality analysis indicates that the time of death varied most frequently near the end of wintering season (spring/summer). The large amount of bear bone material leads to the consideration that the bears from the cave bear group used Barová Cave over a period longer than thousand years.
Assessing Residents’ Satisfaction with Planning and Neighbourhood Facilities of Some Public Housing Estates in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Dimuna Kingsley Okechukwu , Olotuah Abiodun Olukayode
Published: February 2019

The objective of the study is to analytically assess the residents’ perception of planning of six housing estates and their satisfaction levels in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. The population of the study comprises all residents of the six housing estates in Benin City as at 2018 which is the study period. The data were collected from the six (6) estates covered by this study: Oluku Housing Estate, EDPA Housing Estates Ugbowo, Federal Housing Estate, Oregbeni, Federal Housing Estate on Ikpoba Hill, Iyekogba Housing Estate, Ebo Village, and Andrew Wilson Housing Estate, Evbuoriaria. A total of 1200 copies of questionnaires were administered across the six housing estates. However, the total response rate of 1000 was achieved as only these copies of questionnaires were retrieved in usable format. Descriptive statistical tools such as means, standard deviations, kruskal-willis test and categorical regression analysis were utilized for the data analysis. The result showed that the relative satisfaction index scores for the all the estates are on the fairly satisfied region (RSI: 2.1-3.0) and this implies that residents are fairly satisfied with the estate planning conditions. The Kruskal-willis test confirms the absence of any significant differences in RSI scores across the estates while the categorical regression analysis results shows that estate planning has a positive effect on residents satisfaction and this is significant at 5% (p=0.003) which implies improvement in estate planning results in higher satisfaction levels. The study recommends the need for Government policy to encourage a decent living environment in terms of planning of estates.
Managing Organizational Conflicts: A Study among Organizations in Kosovo
Authors: Mustafa Saxhide , Berani Fatos , Berisha Hajdin
Published: February 2019

Organizations and managers during their organizational activities, not rarely face different conflicts. Managers, depending on their gender, use different ways to resolve these conflicts while this reflects on their subordinates. The purpose of this study is to analyse the most common approaches applied to resolve conflicts in organizations in Kosovo and the impact of gender on the choice of style to handle conflicts. The study employs a quantitative approach whilst convenience sampling method is used for the purpose of selecting respondents. The study is conducted in ten largest companies in Kosovo in which hundred employees and fifty managers were included. A structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data and necessary tests were conducted through SPSS. Results reveal that managers use the integrative style more than other styles during the conflict management process; gender partially affects the choice of the style and the style of conflict management affects the likelihood of managers among employees. The study suggests that the field of conflict management among organizations in Kosovo needs more academic research.
Primary Schools Readiness for Health Emergencies among Primary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbe J. O.
Published: February 2019

The study was meant to explore the readiness of primary schools toward school health emergencies in Delta State, Nigeria. The method was the use of exploratory / descriptive study design of the expost facto method. Three variables of personnel, equipment and environment were used, while three research questions and three hypotheses were used as a guide. Simple questionnaire of Yes or No was used to generate data. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentages and paired t-test statistics were used to analysed the data. It was found that personnel for school health emergency were not available in schools and were found to be negatively significant at −30.97 (p = 0.05) and had negative correlation of −1.00. Equipment was found to be available (at least, at the level of First Aid Box) and found significant at paired t - test value of 19.01 (p = 0.05) while environment for school health emergency was not available and negatively significant at paired t – test value of -111.891 (P = 0.05). The study concluded that readiness of primary schools in Delta state for health emergencies is still at its infancy. The study concluded that readiness of primary schools in Delta State is still at its infancy. It was recommended among others Government and stakeholders in primary school education should provide at least one school health Nurse in every primary school and school health teachers be provided with opportunity of training in First Aid and school health emergency.
Common and Special Features of the First School of Drawing in Albania and the First School of Applicative Arts in Kosovo
Authors: Gjonbalaj Shpresa Tolaj , Gokaj Rregjina
Published: February 2019

This article tries to give a vivid frame of the historical background of the development of figurative art in both sides of Albanian boarders, thus that of Kosovo and Albania, as a unique belonging of the same national features. It is represented through a historical and theoretical background so that to show the roots and the layers of the development of art in Europe, which is in all senses the impact Albanian art, but not only has taken from. Pure and concrete examples of Albanian painters of the very first generation and as an inspiration to what follows later, are given to demonstrate the will and need of Albanian society to cultivate artistic tastes.
Diagnostic Algorithm for Superficial Venous Malformations in Newborns
Authors: Chiriac Anca E. , Naznean Adrian , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona , Chiriac Anca
Published: February 2019

Superficial venous malformations can be clinically diagnosed since birth as localized, bluish or purple lesions, especially on the lower extremity, but deep venous malformations are difficult to diagnose only by clinical appearance. The diagnostic algorithm for superficial venous malformations in newborns includes clinical examination and Duplex ultrasonography. The latter allows differentiating tumors (hemangiomas) from vascular malformations and evaluating flow characteristics as well as localizing the site of the malformation.
Trauma-induced Skin Lesions in Newborns – an Overlooked Problem
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Brzezinski Piotr , Bradeanu Meda , Năznean Adrian , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona
Published: February 2019

Newborns are more likely to develop bruises due to mechanical trauma during birth. Establishing the correct diagnosis in newborns presenting with different skin lesions is not an easy task, and besides the well-known pathology, one must not forget simple posttraumatic injuries. We present three cases that raised questions before establishing that the lesions had been induced by simple mechanical trauma during birth. Trauma-induced skin lesions in newborns may represent an overlooked problem. The three cases presented here are meant to draw attention to the possibility of trauma-induced lesions in newborns, which require only close follow-up and surveillance instead of exhaustive clinical and laboratory investigations, which are inevitably accompanied by anxiety.
Biofilm Inhibition: Compounds with Antibacterial Effects
Authors: Feier Andrei-Marian , Ioanovici Andrei-Constantin , Ionescu Radu-Cristian , Toth Tamas , Russu Octav-Marius
Published: February 2019

Biofilms can form on living or inert surfaces and prevail in natural, industrial, and hospital environments. They are made of bacteria organized in a coordinated functional community. Biofilms do not respond to antibiotic treatment due to multiple mechanisms of tolerance and resistance. If bacteria are coordinated in a biofilm form, they are significantly less susceptible to antibiotics, thus making the therapeutic approach difficult. The possibility of using drugs aimed at inhibiting the formation of biofilms in combination with current antibiotics is a therapeutic approach with a major potential for this type of persistent bacterial infection. This bibliographic study aims to present the main compounds that act by inhibiting or destroying the bacterial biofilm.
Epidemiology and antibiogram of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from waterfowl slaughterhouses in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Fei-Fei , Chen Chang-Chieh , Wang Shao-Hung , Chen Chiou-Lin
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Laryngeal swab samples collected from three waterfowl slaughterhouses in central Taiwan were cultured and suspected isolates of Riemerella anatipestifer were identified by API 20NE and 16S rDNA PCR.

Material and Methods: Serum agglutination was used for serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested.

Results: Seventy-six R. anatipestifer isolates were detected, and the prevalences in the ducks and geese were 12.3% (46/375) and 8.0% (30/375), respectively. The positive isolation rates were 65.6% for all arriving waterfowl, 76.0% for birds in the holding area, 1.6% for defeathered carcasses, but zero for degummed carcasses. A PCR examination detected R. anatipestifer in the slaughtering area frequently. Serotype B was dominant in both duck (34.8%) and goose (46.7%) isolates, but the wide serotype distribution may very well impede vaccination development. All isolates were resistant to colistin, and 79.7% were resistant to more than three common antibiotics.

Conclusion: The results proved that most ducks had encountered antibiotic-resistant R. anatipestifer in rearing, which suggests that the bacterium circulates in asymptomatic waterfowl. It is worth noting that most waterfowl farms were found to harbour R. anatipestifer, and contaminated slaughterhouses are a major risk factor in its spread. Effective prevention and containment measures should be established there to interrupt the transmission chain of R. anatipestifer.
Feminist Graphic Narratives: The Ongoing Game of Eluding Censorship
Authors: Derbel Emira
Published: February 2019

Censorship today has been acquainted with the action of silencing, suppressing or even making unheard and unseen what is considered as culturally and socially unacceptable. Its omnipresent and widespread aspect made the concept touches upon all literary genres among which graphic narratives by women prove to be censorship’s target. The medium’s multimodality and ability to explore culturally, socially and religiously troubling spaces has categorized feminist graphic narratives as “soft weapons” endowed with a stylistic capacity and a system of grammar to subvert and to resist control. It is in this context that that this paper procures a theoretical definition of censorship by linking it history to that of comics and graphic narratives in order to shed light on the historical ties informing today’s conflictual relation between censorship and feminist graphic narratives. By taking the example of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis and Linda Barry’s One! Hundred! Demons!, the study stresses the capacity of graphic narratives to elude the gaze of the censor through the adaptation of different evasive techniques.
The Need for Blended Learning Development to Enhance the Critical Thinking of Thai Vocational Students
Authors: Deechai Wichian , Sovajassatakul Thanongsak , Petsangsri Sirirat
Published: February 2019

The objective of this research was to evaluate the need for blended learning development to enhance the critical thinking of students. Selected by using multistage random sampling, the 450 samples comprised of 376 vocational students and 69 teachers at vocational level. The research instrument used was a needs evaluation form, which was necessary to improve blended learning to enhance critical thinking. The index of consistency (IOC) was between 0.56-1.00, and the total reliability was 0.94. The research was conducted and data collected from July 2018 to August 2018. 445 completed evaluation forms, 98.88% of the total sent out, were returned to researchers. Frequency, percentage, PNI(Modified), and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The research results showed that the vocational students and teachers agreed on the same point that there should be development of student critical thinking skills. This development should comprise of critical thinking skills, learning achievement, and learning management. The recommendations made for improvement were to increase discipline within educational institutes, and to change and add facilities to support modern learning styles. Testing styles should be modern and correspond to student contexts. Moreover, learning styles should be improved to be up-to-date and to correspond to students’ needs and their real lives.
Analysis of the Demand of Dark Tourism: A Case Study in Córdoba (Spain)
Authors: Millán Mª Genoveva Dancausa , Rojas Ricardo David Hernandez , García Javier Sánchez-Rivas
Published: February 2019

Visiting places where death is present, either due to a natural tragedy, war, the Holocaust, etc., or because there is the presence of a non-visible entity or paranormal phenomenon, is increasingly more accepted in modern times. It has become a kind of tourism that has grown in demand, though it remains a minority. The city of Cordoba, in the south of Spain, is swarming with houses and places where legends have endured over centuries as a consequence of the coexistence of three cultures – Jewish, Christian and Arab. In turn, popular culture considers these places as having a characteristic “charm” due to the phenomena that happen there. This work analyses the profile of dark tourism tourists, particularly in two sub-segments - that of ghosts and of cemeteries - as well as the existing offer. The aim is to design and improve a quality tourist product that is adapted to the requirements of the demand.
Influence of L-threonine on the growth, structural, optical, mechanical and nonlinear optical properties of tartaric acid single crystal
Authors: Thilakavathi G. , Kumar R. Arun , Gunasekaran V.
Published: February 2019

Single crystals of pure and L-threonine added tartaric acid (LT/TA), organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials were grown from their respective aqueous solution by slow evaporation method. The crystalline nature of the grown crystals was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). UV-Vis-NIR absorption and transmission spectra revealed that the lower cut-off wavelength was around 281 nm and the crystals exhibited high transmission over visible and near IR region. The presence of the functional groups such as O–H, C–H, C–O, C=O in the grown crystals was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. CHN analysis was carried out to confirm the presence of L-threonine in the grown crystals. Microhardness study on the crystals revealed that the hardness number H
v
increased with the applied load. The growth pattern of the crystals were analyzed through etching analysis from which the etch patterns in the shape of ‘step-triangle’ were observed. The second harmonic generation (SHG) properties of pure and L-threonine doped tartaric acid crystals were confirmed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique.
“Media Micro-Generations”: How New Technologies Change Our Media Morality
Authors: Bengtsson Stina , Johansson Bengt
Published: February 2019

This article proposes and explores the notion of “media micro-generations”. Based on a survey of values and norms in relation to media-related behaviour in Sweden, we identify statistically significant media micro-generations. Through an analysis of the technologies that were introduced during the formative years of different media micro-generations, we propose that media micro-generations are formed with the introduction of new media technologies. Thus, the existence of media micro-generations illustrates how rapid transformations of media technologies can shape the moral notions of narrow age groups. It also explains why many earlier studies have detected a rather large span of years (1970–1985, in between the TV generation and the internet generation) during which no generational identity seems to have been formed.
Anticorrosive and physicochemical properties of modified phosphate pigments
Authors: Przywecka Katarzyna , Grzmil Barbara , Kowalczyk Krzysztof
Published: February 2019

Many studies have been carried out in the direction of improvement of the effectiveness of commonly utilized phosphate corrosion inhibitors. For this purpose various types of modifications are realized, e.g. introduction of different cations to the pigment composition or replacement of phosphate anions with others. In the presented work, anticorrosive pigments containing calcium hydrogen phosphate, and/or calcium hydroxyphosphate, and calcium molybdate were obtained. The phase and chemical composition and the oil absorption number of those materials were determined. The anticorrosive properties were investigated by an electrochemical noise method. The obtained results were compared with previously published studies concerning pigments containing (NH4)3Al2(PO4)3 and/or AlPO4, and CaMoO4. It was found that the pigment containing only calcium molybdate(VI) is not an effective corrosion inhibitor. However, the pigments comprising a mixture of CaHPO4 and CaMoO4 exhibited good anticorrosive properties and they were characterized by higher effectiveness in the corrosion protection than compared materials.
Graphene oxide flake activation via divinylsulfone – a procedure for efficient β-galactosidase immobilization
Authors: Trusek Anna
Published: February 2019

Flaky graphene oxide was activated with divinylsulfone followed by immobilization of the β-galactosidase enzyme. An active and stable preparation was obtained. β-galactosidase stability after immobilization was much higher than with the native enzyme. The half-life time of the immobilized enzyme was estimated as 165 hours, while for the native form, the estimate was only 5 hours. The developed procedure for the preparation of flaked graphene and its use in the chemical immobilization of enzymes can be used for any enzyme. A processing solution for continuous operation was proposed and verified using cow’s milk, with lactose as the hydrolysed substrate, as a dosing stream. Lactose, a milk sugar, was effectively hydrolysed. Product for allergy sufferers who cannot digest lactose has been obtained in this way.
Demographic Changes in Today’s Society Reflected in The Organizational Context
Authors: Man Gabriela-Maria , Man Mihaela
Published: February 2019

A new trend began to emerge with the improvement of living conditions and medical advancement: the trend towards longevity. This trend appeared slowly at beginning of the industrial revolution but has increased significantly in the 20th and the 21st centuries. This trend, which initially started hesitatingly in developed countries, has now extended to reach across the entire planet. Europe, as an initiator of the industrial revolution, is one of the world’s regions with the most aged population. One consequence of an aging process compounded by a drop in fertility rates is reflected in the organizational context, where potentially available employees are also much older. This has led to many changes in the proportion of employees over 60 years of age, and will require other changes in order to provide the human resource necessary for the optimal progress of professional activities.
Knowledge Management Contributions in Project Management
Authors: Ranf Diana Elena , Herman Ramona
Published: February 2019

The two concepts, knowledge management and project management have been steadily developing in recent years, with the current effort being the creation of a synergic effect from the two. The article demonstrates the need for a structured framework to group and facilitate the reuse of information and the generation of new knowledge in project management. In this context, knowledge management meets these requirements, providing a tool for improving project management practices. The article contains a review of the advantages and benefits that developers can get by adopting and implementing a project management strategy. An important contribution of the article is to develop a way to apply knowledge management in project management. This starts from the idea that a knowledge management cycle consists of four stages, which can also be applied in project management, and the knowledge passing through these stages goes through a filter, improves and generates a new knowledge.
Cancer induced by exposure to ionizing radiations in medical personnel
Authors: Bacinschi Xenia Elena
Published: February 2019

Ionizing radiation are classified as Class I carcinogens. The exposure to this factor increases the risk of developing cancer, and researchers aim to establish the relationship between the exposure and the risk levels, as well as guidelines which would limit exposure to it. The risks were assessed through studies related to the atomic bomb survivors, to the populations exposed to radiation for the purpose of diagnosis or therapy and to the professionally exposed populations – radiologists, radiotherapists, workers in uranium mines, operatives in the nuclear industry. The population of Japanese survivors of the atomic bombs is the largest population exposed and studied with an extremely wide age range (from the irradiation in utero to old people). This population, made up of 93.000 people, represents a major source of information used to determine the potential risk of low dose radiation exposure. Health professionals working with ionizing radiation have been studied ever since the 1890’s. After the implementation of a radiation protection system, the doses received decreased only to increase again with the technical development and its use in a wide variety of specialties. Two recent studies on large cohorts and during long periods of time brought information about the cancer risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and shed light on the need to monitor exposed staff and re-evaluate radiological safety standards. This review is focused on recent literature concerning the radiation exposure of medical professionals.
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis induced by spores of Penicillium in a salami factory worker
Authors: Moise Laura-Georgiana , Barbu Bogdan-Alexandru , Rașcu Agripina
Published: February 2019

We report a case of subacute extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to occupational exposure to Penicillium spores in a 43-years old female working in a salami factory that developed a dry cough that gradually evolved to productive cough, shortness of breath, fatigue and body weight loss. Over time she complained of several episodes of flu-like symptoms that worsen around the periods in which she removed the excess mould from the surface of the salami a work. On admission, physical examination revealed crackles in both lungs on chest auscultation, pulmonary function tests showed a restrictive pattern with reduced diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide and imagistic tests identified centrilobular nodules of ground-glass opacity in both lung fields, particularly in the upper lobes. BAL showed lymphocytosis associated with neutrophilia, a pattern consistent with EAA. She was put on systemic corticosteroids and ceased exposure. The patient was compliant and after one year her medication was gradually withdrawn and in the absence of exposure, symptoms and pulmonary function normalized. The reported case had a favorable outcome due to relatively early detection and absence of exposure. Currently, the identification and removal of the causative agent remains the cornerstone of prevention, evolution and prognosis.
Absenteeism metrics for risk assessment concerning illness and injury in the medical-social assistance units
Authors: Stoia Mihaela , Merlă Doina
Published: February 2019

Objective. This study aimed to provide the true picture of a ten-year absenteeism survey with regard to work-related illnesses and injuries in medical-social workers, and to develop an analytical model for the occupational health practitioner to facilitate record linkage between health outcomes and occupational data.

Methods. Severity indicator and specific weight indicator were calculated on the basis of sick leaves evidence from seven care facilities, as well as the average lost days per year within the period 2008-2017. Four types of work-related illnesses, non-reported accidents and five occupational groups accounted for statistic modeling of data.

Results. According to the specific weight indicator for occupations, nurses ranked the first place for musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and traumatic injuries, followed by medical-social-educational staff. Severity indicator for musculoskeletal disorders was high correlated with the number of employees (r=0.66).

Conclusions: This analytical method is reliable to be applied in risk assessment procedures and occupational health expertise.
Implantable orthotopic bladder cancer model in Wistar rats: A pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Teke Kerem , Yilmaz Hasan , Kosem Mehmet Esad , Yuksekkaya Mustafa , Yusufoglu Sema , Bayrak Busra Yaprak , Yazir Yusufhan , Yildiz Demir Kursat , Dillioglugil Ozdal
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The implantable bladder cancer (BC) models allow the researchers to perform rapid and useful experiments for BC. We investigated the implantation success of BC cells obtained from Wistar rats (grown in vitro), into bladders of syngeneic Wistar rats, which are commonly used in the laboratories.

Methods: The Nara Bladder Tumor No.2 (NBT-II) BC cells induced with 4-hydroxybutylnitrosamine were grown with passages in Kocaeli University Center for Stem-Cell and Gene-Therapies. After urothelial denudation, 2x106 NBT-II cells were then implanted into bladders of 24 female Wistar rats (aged 7-8 weeks). The rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups; three instillation groups (8 per group) and one sham-operated control group consisting of 6 rats. First, second and third instillation groups were sacrificed at days 7, 14, and 21, respectively, and, bladders were histopathologically evaluated for BC according to WHO / International Society of Urological Pathology.

Results: All tumors were pT1 (including 1 rat that prematurely died at 5th day), except one rat that died prematurely at 8th day had pT2 tumor. Implantation rates were 28.58% (2/7) in the first group, and 42.85% (3/7) in the second, for a cumulative rate of 35.71% (5/14) in these two-groups (until 14th day). Interestingly, there was no tumor in the third group, but there was an inflammatory granulation tissue.

Conclusion: Seeding NBT-II cells into bladders of Wistar rats was described, successfully tested and demonstrated in this study. This implantable BC model of Wistar rats may be improved to increase the success rate of BC cell implantation in new studies with higher number of animals.
An experimental in-vitro study to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid
Authors: Celik Muhammet Murat , Duran Nizami
Published: February 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro efficacy of Glycyrrhetinic acid against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains, as compared with conventional antibacterial agents.

Methods: A total of 41 H. pylori isolates were used, 6 of which were of standard strains (NCTC 1637), 8 of which were drug-sensitive, and 27 were resistant to drugs isolates. Clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance in all strains of H. pylori were determined by the Epsilometer test (E-test) method. MIC study was performed by using microdilution broth method.

Results: Glycyrrhetinic acid was found to be effective against H. pylori NCTC 1637 in doses of 12.0±4.38 µg/mL, while the MIC value of clinical H. pylori isolates susceptible to antimicrobials was 20.8±10.11 µg/ml. It was found that the MIC values for antimicrobial-sensitive clinical H. pylori isolates was higher when compared with H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains. The MIC values of the standard antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant H. pylori strains were higher than H. pylori NCTC 1637 strains and drug-sensitive H. pylori strains. The MIC value was found to be 14.22±7.77 µg/ml for metronidazole, 3.89±1.90 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.33±1.0 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 2.44±0.88 µg/ml for levofloxacin and 4.89±2.47 µg/ml for tetracycline, whereas the MIC value of Glycyrrhetinic acid was 26.67±8.0 µg/ml in metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolates. Besides, MIC values of the antimicrobials and 18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid among the strains resistant to clarithromycin were as follows: 3.25±2.12 µg/ml for metronidazole, 9.71±4.54 µg/ml for clarithromycin, 2.06±1.32 µg/ml for amoxicillin, 3.88±4.22 µg/ml for levofloaxacin and 3.25±1.04 µg/mL for tetracycline and 22.0±11.11 µg/ml for Glycyrrhetinic acid.

Conclusion: Glycyrrhetinic acid had significant antimicrobial activity against H. pylori strains. Although further in-vivo studies are needed on antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhetinic acid, increased resistance to drugs currently used in treatment suggests that Glycyrrhetinic acid may be a potential agent for the treatment of H. pylori.
APLICACIÓN DEL BARCODING PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA DIVERSIDAD ESPECÍFICA DE LA FAMILIA LORICARIIDAE (PISCES: SILURIFORMES) EN LA REGIÓN SAN MARTÍN, AMAZONIA PERUANA
Authors: ANGULO Carlos , RENGIFO Dixner , NAVAS Manuel , DEL ÁGUILA Erick , CASTRO RUIZ Diana , SÁNCHEZ Homero , GARCÍA VÁSQUEZ Aurea , MEJÍA Eduardo , NAKAGAWA Nixon , ZUTA Lisbeth , RENNO Jean-François , GARCÍA DÁVILA Carmen
Published: February 2019

Fue estimada la diversidad específica de la familia Loricariidae (Siluriformes, Pisces) en las 10 provincias de la región San Martín (Amazonia peruana). Para la caracterización molecular fueron obtenidas las secuencias nucleotídicas del gen mitocondrial Citocromo C Oxidasa sub unidad I (COI). El análisis filogenético de las secuencias confirmó la presencia de 16 especies, distribuidos en nueve géneros. Los valores de la riqueza observada y la riqueza esperada muestran a la provincia Picota como la de mayor riqueza (siete especies), contrariamente la provincia Rioja fue la que presentó la menor riqueza observada (una especie), seguida por la provincia El Dorado (dos especies). El análisis de componente principal (PCA) nos permitió observar la importancia que tiene la especie Chaetostoma sp. 1 en la provincia Rioja, así como Ancistrus sp. 2 para la provincia San Martín. Además nuestros resultados muestran que la especie más abundante en la región San Martín fue Chaetostoma sp. 1, mientras que la de menor abundancia fueron Aphanotorolus emarginatus y Chaetostoma sp. 3. La especie de mayor distribución fue Ancistrus sp. 2 encontrándose en seis provincias, seguida de las especies Chaetostoma stroumpoulos y Chaetostoma sp. 1 quienes estuvieron presentes en cinco provincias diferentes de la región San Martín. Las especies Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Aphanotorulus emarginatus, Chaetostoma sp. 3, Ancistrus sp. 1 y Farlowella smithi estuvieron restrictas cada una a solo una provincia. Las especies comerciales conocidas como carachama parda P. pardalis y carachama negra Hypostomus hemicochliodon fueron poco frecuentes en las capturas (seis y 11 individuos respectivamente), la primera estuvo restricta solo a la provincia de Picota, en tanto que la segunda fue encontrada en las provincias de Bellavista, Huallaga y Picota. Los resultados muestran que si bien la diversidad de especies de loricáridos no es tan diversa como en la selva baja, algunas especies de esta familia están bien distribuidas y son bastante abundantes en esta región.
Benzimidazol halkasının antimikrobiyal aktivitesine etki eden yapısal faktörlerin disk difüzyon ve mikrodilüsyon metodu ile ayrıntılı incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR KOÇAK Fadime , EREN Bilge
Published: February 2019

Birçok antimikrobik maddeye karşı direnç geliştirmiş mikroorganizmaların oluşturduğu toplumsal ve hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonlar büyük bir sorun oluşturmaktadır ve bu enfeksiyonların tedavisinde yeni ajanların kullanımı ile sağaltımın etkili olması sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapısal farklılıklar içeren bazı benzimidazol türevlerinin antimikrobiyal etkileri mikrodilüsyon ve disk diffüsyon tekniklerini kullanarak incelenmiştir. Çalışılan bileşikler içerdikleri benzimidazol birimi sayısı, benzimidazol halkasının 1 ve 5 konumunda farklı sübstitüsyonu, 2-fenilbenzimidazol yapısının p- konumunda farklı sübstitüsyonu ve aromatik birimler içerip içermemeleri gibi yönlerden farklılıklar içermektedir. Bu yolla amaca uygun yeni benzimidazollerin sentezi için literatüre yapı-aktivite ilişkilerine dair önemli bilgilerin kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. İncelenmek üzere, klinikte önem taşıyan ve direnç oluşumu açısından da önemli olan Gram + ve Gram –bakterileri içeren klinik tip türleri seçilmiştir. Benzimidazol türevi maddelerin etkileri standart antimikrobik ajanlarla kıyaslanmıştır. Benzimidazol halkasının sayısına bağlı olarak antimikrobiyal etkinin arttığı, benzimidazole 2- konumunda bağlı tiyofen ve piridin gibi hetero halkalı grupların aktiviteyi arttırdığı, 5-Cl sübstitüsyonunun benzimidazole tüm bakteri türlerine karşı etkili olma özelliği kazandırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, 2-fenil benzimidazolün p- konumunda elektron çekici Cl ve NO2, içeren türevlerin elektron verici OCH3 ve CH3 içeren türevlere göre bakteri türlerine karşı daha etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
CRIMINALIDAD ORGANIZADA Y TRÁFICO DE DROGAS ENTRE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL
Authors: EL MARBOUHE EL FAQYR KARIM
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo recoge unas reflexiones generales sobre como se encuentra regulada la criminalidad organizada en Portugal y como se articulan los mecanismos de represión del tráfico de drogas entre España y Portugal mediante el empleo del Tratado Entre España y Portugal para la represión del tráfico ilícito de drogas en el mar, firmado en Lisboa el 2 de marzo de 1998 y como fue empleado por la Audiencia Nacional en el asunto del Buque Eiskos. Además, en este artículo se analiza, desde un punto de vista jurisprudencial las distintas agravantes referentes al delito de salud publica contempladas en el ordenamiento jurídico español.
LA INDUSTRIA DE DEFENSA EN EL MARCO EUROPEO
Authors: VILCHEZ VIVANCO MARÍA ENCARNACIÓN
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se expone cual es la regulación jurídica de la industria de defensa en el marco de la Unión Europea. Esta es una industria que no goza de una buena prensa pero por otro lado tiene un peso específico importante debido a la producción y a la función que ejerce en seguridad.No hay una legislación específica para este ámbito. La industria de defensa se encuentre enmarcada por la legislación orientada a la industria en general y la que se dirige a regular la seguridad y defensa de la Unión. Su marco depende de los acuerdos de los países miembros.
VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR Y COLECTIVOS ESPECIALMENTE VULNERABLES: MENORES Y ANCIANOS. APUNTES DESDE UN ENFOQUE INTERDISCIPLINAR .
Authors: RODRIGUEZ FERNANDEZ ASCENSION GUMERSINDA
Published: February 2019

Resumen:La violencia intrafamiliar está constituida por los actos y omisiones que causan daño a un miembro de una unidad familiar, ya sea físico, psicológico, de naturaleza económica, sexual, negligencias o abandonos. Los grupos vulnerables están constituidos por las personas que se encuentran en una posición de debilidad, debido a características, tales como el sexo, la edad, la discapacidad o el género, convirtiéndose en los factores responsables de su debilidad. Desde el ámbito jurídico, se considera que estos grupos son víctimas de reiteradas violaciones de sus derechos y en consecuencia, necesitan recibir por parte del Estado una atención especial para protegerlos
BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI TENAGA PENDIDIK DAN KEPENDIDIKAN DI DESA MANCAGAR KABUPATEN KUNINGAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Akhmaddhian Suwari , Yuhandra Erga
Published: February 2019

Every citizen has the right in law and justice, therefore the government makes Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid to protect its citizens in the event of a catastrophe. The aim of devotion to this community is to emphasize the people or the villagers, as well as other goals aimed at providing this counseling that parents can add information related to the process of handling criminal acts and how to follow up in the event of a criminal offense. The method used is by way of talk and discussion then terminated with question and answer. The results obtained from the devotion to this community are the more sensitive and know how criminal and legal proceedings and the response to legal issues, especially those related to the criminal act of the present crime, are expected with the devotion to this society parents can become work in keeping his family from various possibilities related to crime and legal assistance.Keywords: Legal Aid, Prevention, Socialization�AbstrakSetiap warga negara mempunyai hak dalam hukum dan keadilan, oleh kerana itu pemerintah membuat Undang-Undang nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum untuk melindungi warganya dalam hal terjadi musibah yang menimpa masyarakat. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini lebih menitik beratkan kepada orang-orang atau warga desa, adapun sasaran lain yang menjadi tujuan dari diadakannnya penyuluhan ini yaitu para orang tua yang mana dapat menambah informasi terkait dengan proses penanganan tindak pidana dan bagaimana menindaklanjuti apabila terjadi tindak pidana. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara ceramah dan diskusi kemudian diakhiri dengan tanya jawab. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu masyarakat lebih peka dan mengetahui bagaimana proses tindak pidana dan bantuan hokum serta respon terhadap permasalahan hukum khususnya yang berkaitan dengan berbagai acaman tindak pidana pada sekarang ini, diharapkan dengan adanya pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini para orang tua dapat menjadi bekal dalam menjaga keluarganya dari berbagai kemungkinan yang terkait dengan tindak pidana dan bantuan hukum.Kata Kunci: Bantuan Hukum, Pencegahan, Sosialisasi.
PENGGUNAAN BUKU TEKS MATEMATIKA: STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS KUNINGAN
Authors: Riyadi Mohamad , Nurhayati Nunu , Adiastuty Nuranita , Anwar Heru Haerul
Published: February 2019

Abstact Textbooks have an important role in the learning process. In addition as a reference material, also have the potential to affect student learning. In this study, carried out a survey of mathematics education students. Students were asked to describe how they used textbooks. The survey was conducted by giving questionnaires and interviews about what components are used, when students look at each component, the reason for these components as well as the students see what difficulties encountered when used textbook. Data collected was processed using descriptive statistics as well as to determine there are differences in the use of good text books for each component or components in pairs using Cochran’s Q test and McNemar Test. The result show that students tend to use the sample chapter to build their understanding of math concept than the chapter text description. Difficulties experienced when students understand basic concepts such as definitions and theorems which causes difficulty in working on.
APLIKASI TEORI CONDITIONING-REINFORCEMENT-SCAFFOLDING BERBANTUAN BAHAN AJAR MASTERY LEARNING PADA MATA KULIAH TEORI GRUP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMBUKTIAN MATEMATIS MAHASISWA
Authors: Yudhanegara Mokhammad Ridwan , Priyanto Budi Hari , Lestari Karunia Eka
Published: February 2019

AbstractGroup Theory course is contained the definitions, proof of theorem, and lemma so that in order to understand it, the students must have a good mathematical proofing ability. Furthermore, this article examines the comparative improvement of students' mathematical proofing abilities in the course of Group Theory. Comparisons were performed on three groups chosen purposively by subject matching techniques. The result of the research shows that at 95% level of confidence there is a difference in the improvement of students' mathematical proofing ability between those who get learning through the application of CRS theory with mastery learning materials, with students who get learning through CRS theory application and students who get learning through the application of constructivism theory.Keyword: Mathematical Proofing Ability, Conditioning, Reinforcement, Scaffolding, Mastery Learning
PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMP MELALUI MODEL LEARNING CYCLE 5E DENGAN TEKNIK METAKOGNITIF
Authors: Runisah Runisah
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa dalam matematika sebagai dampak penggunaan model Learning Cycle 5E dengan Teknik Metakognitif (LCT), Learning Cycle 5E (LC), dan pembelajaran Konvensional (KV). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP di� Indramayu, Indonesia. Sampel berjumlah 173 siswa kelas VIII �yang mewakili satu sekolah level tinggi dan satu sekolah level sedang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain kelompok kontrol pretes-postes. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa skala kemandirian belajar siswa dan lembar observasi.� Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan: 1) Berdasarkan keseluruhan siswa, tidak terdapat perbedaan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemandirian belajar antara kelompok LCT dan LC, namun pencapaian dan peningkatan kemandirian belajar kelompok LCT dan LC lebih baik dari kelompok KV; 2) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran (LCT, LC, dan KV) dan level sekolah (tinggi, sedang) terhadap peningkatan kemandirian belajar.
Karakterisasi Morfofisiologi dan Hasil Minyak 10 Genotip Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)
Authors: Wulansari Retno , Tahir Muhammad , Indrawati Wiwik , Riniarti Dewi
Published: February 2019

Characterization of morphophysiology and oil yield of 10 patchouli genotypes (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) aims to test the morphology and physiology character of nine genotypes Aceh patchouli and one comparative clone (Lhokseumawe), obtain high yield oil clones (weight plant and essential oil content), and obtain genetic and phenotypic variabilities that can be used as a new genotype selection indicators. The research was conducted at Experimental Field and Plant Laboratory of the State Polytechnic of Lampung in April until November 2016. This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatment levels and 3 replications.The LSI test results on the physiological character of the nine genotypes and one comparative clone showed that NPL 9 genotypes superior to the variables of the angle of petiole, chlorophyll content, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area index. The NPL 9 genotypes resulted higher yield and rendement yields than other genotypes tested and one comparator, that was 2,36%. The character of stem production and rendement has a genetic variant value greater than the environmental variant. For genetic variability and phenotypic variability in the variables observed relatively uniform so that can not be used as an indicator of selection.   Keywords: Aceh patchouli, leaf character, selection indicator, variability of genotype, variability of phenotype
A valorização do labor: crianças e trabalho no Juízo dos Órfãos de Porto Alegre (Séc. XIX)
Authors: Cardozo José Carlos da Silva
Published: February 2019

Desde o período colonial até o republicano, as crianças eram encaminhadas ao mundo do tra-balho muito cedo, independentemente de sua condição social, cor ou sexo. Este texto, à luz da História Social, analisa a utilização da tutela, atribuída pelo Juízo dos Órfãos de Porto Alegre, no Século XIX, como forma de conseguir crianças e jovens para serviços abusivos, bem como a valorização do adulto que encaminhava os menores de idade para atividades laborais, como forma pedagógica de formação do caráter da criança.