bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática basadas en el uso de las TIC para el desarrollo de competencias lógico matemáticas en estudiantes de educación básica secundaria
Authors: Gutiérrez Lilibeth
Published: May 2023

El presente estudio aborda algunos aspectos a considerar en la planificación de estrategias didácticas mediadas por las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) para el desarrollo de competencias lógico matemáticas en estudiantes de educación básica secundaria por parte de los docentes en Instituciones educativas del Municipio Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico, Colombia. Para ello se realizó una revisión documental considerando las ideas, teorías, conceptos o propuestas de algunos autores. Los resultados presentan una comprensión teórica de los elementos que deben tener presente los docentes al momento de planificar estrategias didácticas con apoyo de las TIC. Aspectos referidos a: lineamientos pedagógicos y procesos educativos, reflexiones que evidencian la necesidad de que los docentes planifiquen estrategias didácticas mediante el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, que permitan realizar de una forma dinámica su planificación. Presentando a las instituciones educativas y docentes, algunas estrategias para adaptar sus requerimientos en función de elevar la calidad educativa, con mediación para la apropiación de las tecnologías que cubra un grupo de aplicaciones y procesos con planteamientos que inviten a razonar, crear y decidir sobre lo que necesita saber y dominar, vinculando con el proceso generador de nuevos conocimientos en el área, promoviendo competencias para definir, resolver o reflexionar sobre la resolución de problemas; exteriorizan las dificultades para la abstracción, la comprensión de modelos, cuantificación y superación de un pensamiento causal simple y lineal.
Učinki zgodnje ravnotežne rehabilitacije na funkcionalno izvedbo hoje pri bolnikih z motnjami ravnotežja po operaciji tumorja v zadnji lobanjski kotanji
Authors: Kos Nataša , Brcar Maruša , Brcar Marko , Velnar Tomaž
Published: May 2023

Izhodišča: Prizadetost ravnotežnega sistema se pri bolnikih med izvajanjem funkcionalne hoje kaže kot kombinacija zaznavnih, okulomotoričnih, posturalnih ter avtonomnih simptomov. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti učinke specifične ravnotežne rehabilitacije na izboljšanje izvedbe bolnikove hoje.

Metode: Raziskava je potekala prospektivno. Vključenih je bilo 40 bolnikov, ki so imeli po operaciji procesa v zadnji lobanjski kotanji motnje statičnega in dinamičnega ravnotežja. Razdeljeni so bili v 2 skupini. Vsi so bili med hospitalizacijo vključeni v program ravnotežne rehabilitacije. Ob odpustu so bolniki v interventni vadbeni skupini izvajali specifično dinamično ravnotežno vadbo v domačem okolju, bolniki iz kontrolne skupine vaj v domačem okolju niso izvajali. Za oceno ravnotežja in primerjavo med skupinama smo uporabili Lestvico za oceno funkcionalnosti hoje (FGA). Bolnike smo ocenili ob odpustu in 3 mesece po odpustu iz bolnišnice.

Rezultati: V interventni vadbeni skupini je sodelovalo 15 žensk in 5 moških s povprečno starostjo 45 let; v kontrolni skupini brez vadbe pa je sodelovalo 7 žensk in 13 moških s povprečno starostjo 50 let. Najmanjšo klinično pomembno spremembo med dvema ocenama FGA, ki je znašala 5 točk, je preseglo 17 bolnikov v interventni vadbeni skupini in 14 bolnikov v skupini, ki vadbe ni opravljala. Napredek FGA se je med skupinama tudi statistično značilno razlikoval (p=0,034). V času hospitalizacije ni prišlo do padcev. Po 3 mesecih je v vadbeni skupini padec utrpelo 7 bolnikov, v skupini brez vadbe pa 12 bolnikov.

Zaključek: Tri mesece po odpustu smo pri bolnikih v interventni vadbeni skupini ugotovili statistično pomembno izboljšanje pri izvedbi ravnotežno zahtevnejših funkcionalnih nalog med hojo in zmanjšano ogroženost za padec.
Associations between Attitudes toward Factors Underpinning a Successful Marriage and Marital Satisfaction among Married Men and Women in Midlife
Authors: Yoo Gyesook , Joo Susanna , Park Hayoung
Published: May 2023

This study examined attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage and their associations with marital satisfaction among married men and women in midlife. The sample comprised 201 married men and women aged between 40 and 59 living in Seoul, South Korea, and the data were collected by a self-report survey in 2019. Attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage were measured using 12 items from the European Values Study Master Questionnaire 2008 and marital satisfaction was measured using three items from the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to identify the factors deemed important for a successful marriage, as well as a t-test to explore gendered domains. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between attitudes toward factors underpinning a successful marriage and marital satisfaction. The results revealed two factors that were deemed important for a successful marriage: 'marital exchange based on conditions' and 'qualitative interaction based on sharing.' Women were more likely to believe that both factors were important for a successful marriage than men. The regression analysis revealed that 'qualitative interaction based on sharing' had a positive association with marital satisfaction, while 'marital exchange based on conditions' had a negative association with marital satisfaction, and also that these associations did not differ by gender. The findings imply that a successful marriage can be achieved when married partners make efforts to maintain their relationships through positive interactions and share intimacy in midlife.
Categorization of Community Types Based on Childcare Resource Supply for Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Yoo Jaeeon
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to identify community-level childcare infrastructure for infants and toddlers and to use the data to categorize community types using K-Means cluster analysis with spatial constraints. Seven indicators of childcare resource supply were used for the purpose of categorization and the results revealed six types of community cluster. Communities in the Type 1 cluster provided sufficient parks, libraries, and kindergartens, but lacked pediatric facilities and private education institutions. This cluster comprised small cities and rural areas in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Jeollabuk-do. The Type 2 cluster had numerous pediatric facilities and childcare centers, but lacked other childcare infrastructure. This comprised small and medium-sized cities in Gyeonggi-do, some areas in Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do bordering Gyeonggi-do. The Type 3 cluster comprised Busan, Daegu, and Gyeongsangnam-do, but had insufficient childcare infrastructure as a whole. Type 4 had the largest number of childcare centers, libraries, and private education institutions and comprised Jeollabuk-do, areas near Gwangju, and Jeju-do. Type 5, consisting of Seoul, Incheon and the southern part of Gyeonggi-do had many pediatric facilities and certified childcare centers, but lacked other childcare infrastructure. Type 6, being the rural areas and islands in Jeollanam-do, had sufficient kindergartens, but other infrastructure was insufficient. These results are expected to provide local government with policy implications in terms of relieving the childcare burden on residents with infants and toddlers.
Editorial Note
Authors: Pereira Joy Jacqueline
Published: May 2023

Marking the 75th volume of Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia
Taukskābju metabolisma regulācijā iesaistīto proteīnu strukturālie un funkcionālie pētījumi
Authors:   , Zelencova-Gopejenko Diāna
Published: May 2023

Promocijas darbs veltīts taukskābju metabolismā iesaistīto γ-butirobetaīna dioksigenāzes, ε-trimetil-l-lizīna dioksigenāzes (TMLD) un sirds taukskābes saistošā proteīna (FABP3) ligandu struktūras-aktivitātes likumsakarību izpētei. Proteīna-liganda saistības noteikšanai un raksturošanai izmantotas izotermālās titrēšanas kalorimetrijas (ITC), kodolu magnētiskās spektroskopijas un molekulārās modelēšanas metodes. Izstrādātas divas jaunas ITC metodoloģijas, kas izmantotas TMLD un FABP3 ligandu saistības termodinamikas raksturošanai. Atrasti jaunas savienojumu klases FABP3 substrāti ar atšķirīgu saistības mehānismu, salīdzinot ar taukskābēm.
Kapitāla pārvaldības alternatīvo metožu izmantošanas iespējas un risinājumi apdrošināšanas sabiedrībās
Authors:   , Zariņa-Cīrule Ilze
Published: May 2023

Promocijas darbs uzrakstīts angļu valodā, tas ietver ievadu, četras daļas, secinājumus un priekšlikumus, bibliogrāfisko sarakstu un pielikumus. Darbs veltīts kapitāla un riska pārvaldībai nedzīvības apdrošināšanas tirgū, lai nodrošinātu finansiālo stabilitāti un efektīvu kapitāla pārvaldību. Tā mērķis ir izstrādāt alternatīvas kapitāla pārvaldības metodes un piedāvāt iekšējā modeļa algoritmu, ņemot vērā vienas apdrošināšanas sabiedrības, kas darbojas Baltijas nedzīvības apdrošināšanas tirgū, datu īpašības un zaudējumu sadalījuma funkcijas.
Possibilities and Solutions for Application of Capital Management Alternative Methods in Insurance Companies
Authors:   , Zariņa-Cīrule Ilze
Published: May 2023

The Doctoral Thesis is written in English and consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions and proposals, a bibliography and appendices. The Thesis is dedicated to the field of capital and risk management in non-life insurance that ensure financial stability and efficient capital management. The aim of the Thesis is to develop alternative capital management methods and to propose an algorithm of internal model by taking into account the data specifics and loss distribution functions of a company operating in the Baltic non-life insurance market.
Coordinated stimulation of axon regenerative and neurodegenerative transcriptional programs by ATF4 following optic nerve injury
Authors: Somasundaram Preethi , Farley Madeline M , Rudy Melissa A , Sigal Katya , Asencor Andoni I , Stefanoff David G , Shah Malay , Goli Puneetha , Heo Jenny , Wang Shufang , Tran Nicholas M , Watkins Trent A
Published: May 2023

Stress signaling is important for determining the fates of neurons following axonal insults. Previously we showed that the stress-responsive kinase PERK contributes to injury-induced neurodegeneration (Larhammar et al., 2017). Here we show that PERK acts primarily through Activating Transcription Factor-4 (ATF4) to stimulate not only pro-apoptotic but also pro-regenerative responses following optic nerve damage. Using conditional knockout mice, we find an extensive PERK/ATF4-dependent transcriptional response that includes canonical ATF4 target genes and modest contributions by C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP). Overlap with c-Jun-dependent transcription suggests interplay with a parallel stress pathway that orchestrates regenerative and apoptotic responses. Accordingly, neuronal knockout of ATF4 recapitulates the neuroprotection afforded by PERK deficiency, and PERK or ATF4 knockout impairs optic axon regeneration enabled by disrupting the tumor suppressor PTEN. These findings reveal an integral role for PERK/ATF4 in coordinating neurodegenerative and regenerative responses to CNS axon injury.
Association of Psychological Distress with Primary Dysmenorrhea among Adolescents Living in West Bengal, India
Authors: Pramanik Payel , Pramanik Purushottam
Published: May 2023

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea, a painful uterine cramp without any pelvic pathology that occur before or during menstruation among reproductive women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the psychological distress between adolescent female students with dysmenorrhea and without dysmenorrhea and also to examine relationship between psychological distress and dysmenorrhea.

Methods: This is a cross sectional questionnaire based study conducted among 1646 adolescent female having age limit 14-19 years. Only unmarried adolescent females were included in the study however, females with gynecological, psychological or other medical problems were excluded from the study. It used validated and reliable questionnaire such as VAS for pain rating scale and DASS-21 for assessment of depression, anxiety, stress. Then, the descriptive data analysis and chi-square test were used to explore the relationship between psychological distress and dysmenorrhea. t-test was used to compare psychological distress between dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea. P<0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Mean age of the adolescent female was 15.91+ 1.27 years. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 88.94%. Among dysmenorrhea 22.40% was severe, 28.89% was under moderate and   48.71% was under mild dysmenorrhea. There was significant difference of psychological distress indices scores between dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea (p<0.001). Majority of dysmenorrheic females had severe to extreme severe levels of anxiety, depression and stress in contrast to non-dysmenorrheic females who have mild to moderate level. Significant association was noted between depression, anxiety, mental irritability and mood swing with primary dysmenorrhea (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The present study suggested that dysmenorrhea is associated with psychological distress including anxiety, depression, mental irritation and mood swing. Psychological interventions and counselling are important for young women with primary dysmenorrhea to lessen the severity of menstrual pain.
Assessment of Some Tree Species in Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria with Potential of Enriching Organic Cosmetic Production
Authors: Shuaibu R. B. , Salami K. D. , Farinloye O. A. , Jibo A. U
Published: May 2023

The interest of consumers around the world is presently increasing toward the use of organic cosmetics. Forest tree extracts play a major role in organic cosmetic productions. This study evaluates forest tree species within semi-arid region of Nigeria with potential to enrich cosmetic industry. Extracts of six (6) common forest tree species found within semi-arid region of Nigeria were collected and incorporated into soap and cream productions. The forest tree species were Acacia nilotica, Adansonia digitata, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camadulensis, Moringa oleifera, and Salix babylonica. A comparative analysis before and after using the soaps and creams for ten (10) months by eight (8) volunteered individuals were carried out to determine the efficacy of the products. The result shows a complete disappearance of all the skin issues of those with skin conditions such as skin blemishes, acne, pimples, skin discoloration, wrinkles, fine lines, body odor, and sores after ten months of usage. Skin glowing, smoothness, and even toned complexion were observed from those without skin conditions. Therefore, the development of cosmetic ingredients from various species of forest tree extracts can be an interesting option. It will encourage the cosmetic industries to go into large planting of different forest tree species needed for their cosmetic production and as a result the environmental pollution and degradation will be reduced.
Yield and Economics of Onion as Influenced by Pre and Post Emergence Herbicdes
Authors: Reddy M. Venkateswara , Umajyothi K. , Reddy P. Syam Sundar , Sasikala K.
Published: May 2023

Onion (Allium cepa L.) weed interference lowers bulb yield and financial return for onion growers who pay for labour. During the Rabi seasons of 2011–12 and 2012–13, a field experiment was worked out at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramanagudem, Tadepalligudem, West Godavari District, A.P to examine the effects of pre and post emergence herbicides on the economics of onion cv.N–53. Ten pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments (Pendimethalin, Oxyflourfen, Imazethapyr, and Quizalofopethyle) and their combinations, reproduced in a random block design, made up the experiment. Significantly, T9 (weed free-hand weeding at 30, 60, and 90 DAT) outperformed the other treatments in terms of gross and net returns, which was followed by T8 (Oxyfluorfen 0.125 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofopethyl @ 75g a.i per hectareas POE) and T6 (Pendimethalin 0.75 kg a.i as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 a.iper hectare). When compared to T6 (Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.iper hectare as PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE), T8 (Oxyfluorfen @ 0.125 kg a.iper hectareas PE + Quizalofop ethyl @ 75 g a.iper hectare as POE) had a considerably greater B:C ratio. Hand weeding made farming more expensive. This suggested that chemical weed treatment was used to obtain the most profit per acre.
Corticosteroids for Sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, or Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Leung Peggy B. , Davis Andrew M. , Davis Joshua
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2024 Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on use of corticosteroids in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and community-acquired pneumonia.
Uptake of Maternal RSV Vaccination and Infant Nirsevimab Among Infants Born October 2023 to March 2024
Authors: Jacobson Karen B. , Watson Andrew J. , Merchant Maqdooda , Fireman Bruce , Zerbo Ousseny , Klein Nicola P.
Published: January 2025

This cohort study examines uptake of maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination and infant receipt of nirsevimab during the early period of availability for these medications.
Practical Guide to Image-Based Big Data Research
Authors: Ross Elsie Gyang , Arya Shipra , Melcher Marc L.
Published: January 2025

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of image-based big data research.
Modeling of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor and Controller Design Using LMI Approaches
Authors: Cappelletti Carlos A. , Pipino Hugo A. , Bernardi Emanuel , Adam Eduardo J.
Published: January 2025

The design of non‐linear control systems remains a challenge today, therefore through this work a procedure to obtain a vertex‐reduced multi‐model representation, without loss of convexity, is proposed as a suitable solution. That is, a novel approach which considers all parameter variations around the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) system operating region is developed, resulting in a unique polytopic representation. After that, based on the linear matrix inequalities approach, a control scheme is developed to compute the optimal matrix gains, while the operating, states and inputs, constraints are satisfied and the stability conditions are ensured. Finally, the realistic simulation results highlight the model representation effectiveness in capturing the CSTR dynamic behavior in the operating region, despite parameter variations, allowing the optimal control law design, overcoming the non‐linear system nature, to achieve the desired closed‐loop system performance.
Topological Magnetic Textures Mediated Magnetocaloric Effect in Janus Monolayer
Authors: He Weiwei , Tang Ziming , Yin Yan , Yi Min , Gong Qihua
Published: January 2025

Topological magnetic textures (TMTs) such as skyrmions, merons, and vortices are promising for next‐generation spintronic technology. Here, the prospect of TMTs in cooling technology is explored, and the influence of TMTs on magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in typical Janus monolayers (symmetry‐broken VSi2N4 derivatives) that exhibit prominent Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is specifically elaborated. It is found that the Janus monolayers VSi2N2P2, VSi2N2As2 and VSi2NAs3 allow for versatile TMTs including bimerons, meron pairs and skyrmions. Skyrmions and bimerons are demonstrated to remain stable up to 100 K. Under external magnetic fields, TMTs either experience shrinkage or exhibit a significant magnetization reversal. This results in TMTs‐mediated MCE driven by topological magnetic‐to‐ferromagnetic phase transition, which intrinsically differs from the conventional MCE driven by paramagnetic‐to‐ferromagnetic phase transition. The TMTs‐mediated MCE is revealed to benefit from a combination of pseudo‐first‐order and second‐order phase transition and thus exhibit a broader operating temperature range. These findings offer an in‐depth understanding on the role of TMTs in MCE of Janus monolayers and can inspire nanoscale 2D cooling science and technology.
An Artificial L‐ReLU Neuron with Asymmetric Diffusive Memristor for High‐Accuracy Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Zou Jianxun , Feng Zhe , Qian Zhibin , Wu Zuheng , Zheng Jingqi , Gao Lubo , Yang Ruotong , Guo Wenbin , Lin Zhihao , Hao Yang , Wang Haochen , Ruan Hao , Xu Zuyu , Zhu Yunlai , Zhang Xumeng , Dai Yuehua
Published: January 2025

Artificial neurons with leaky rectified linear unit (L‐ReLU) function can effectively process negative information, enhancing the neuromorphic systems capbility to handle negative values. Memristive devices show great potential in building compact and bio‐plausible artificial neurons, however, a neuron device that supports L‐ReLU functions is still lacking. In this work, a compact L‐ReLU neuron is proposed based on a bipolar asymmetrical diffusive memristor. Utilizing intercalation and leveraging the migration diffusion ratio of Ag ions, devices meeting the characteristics of the L‐ReLU function are fabricated (Ag/TaOx/SiOx/Pt). Thus, the constructed neuron can encode the positive and negative input information into positive and negative spikes, respectively, with L‐ReLU‐like response function. In addition, to address the problem that the frequency only has positive values, a vector frequency (VF) is defined to describe the frequency of the positive and negative spikes. Moreover, a convolutional neural network and You‐Only‐Look‐Once version 3 (YOLOv3) network are constructed with the L‐ReLU neurons for gesture language recognition and target detection tasks, respectively. The network based on L‐ReLU neurons can avoid negative information squandering, showing a higher inference accuracy than the network with ReLU neurons. The results show that the neurons can offer a promising platform for building high‐accuracy neuromorphic systems.
Biological and Mechanical Limitations for Chronic Fast‐Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Sensor Design
Authors: Perillo Mason L. , Gupta Bhavna , Saxena Akash , Veltri Alexandra P. , Li Wen , Siegenthaler James R. , Purcell Erin K.
Published: January 2025

Fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a popular approach for real‐time neurochemical sensing. Using a carbon‐fiber microelectrode (CFME), sensitive neurochemical sensing can be achieved in the acute setting with sub‐second resolution for monoamine neurotransmitters. However, to study neuropsychiatric conditions and neurological functions, it is often of interest to perform longitudinal monitoring of neurotransmitters over chronic timepoints. Despite notable successes, there remains substantial room for improvement in chronic neurochemical sensing performance. Electrode fouling and cellular encapsulation that can occur following surgical implantation can lead to diminished sensor performance over time. Additionally, working and reference electrodes can suffer from etching and polarization that can hinder their longevity and stability. Here, this work reviews current challenges facing chronic neurochemical sensors and discusses state‐of‐the‐art advancements in electrode material and device design choices. This work covers how the biological environment can negatively affect sensing performance and how device design can mitigate these effects. This work also provides examples of state‐of‐the‐art electrode technologies that have been developed to improve chronic neurochemical sensing. Improvements in FSCV as a tool for chronic neurotransmitter sensing will open new opportunities to study neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, develop feedback systems for neuromodulation, and explore the neurochemical underpinnings of normal brain function and behavior.
Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy on a 2D Photonic Crystal Surface
Authors: Liu Weinan , Li Siyan , Chow Edmond , Bhaskar Seemesh , Fang Ying , Cunningham Brian T.
Published: January 2025

Digital‐resolution biosensing based on resonant reflection from photonic crystals (PC) has demonstrated significant potential for detection of proteomic and genomic biomarkers in serology, infectious disease diagnostics, and cancer diagnostics. An important intrinsic characteristic of resonant metamaterial surfaces is that enhanced electromagnetic fields are not uniformly distributed, resulting in spatially variable light‐matter interactions with nanoparticle tags that signal the presence of biomarker molecules. In this work, the spatial uniformity of resonantly enhanced, surface‐confined electromagnetic fields of a 1D PC is compared with a 2D PC with fourfold symmetry. When illuminated with unpolarized light, the simultaneously excited electromagnetic fields of transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes of the 2D PC present equally strong but complementary spatial distribution, leading to a >100% increased average near‐field intensity accompanied with a >50% compressed standard deviation compared to the 1D PC. Utilizing Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy (PRAM) to experimentally measure the absorption uniformity of ≈80 nm gold nanoparticles distributed upon the PC surface, a >100% improvement of the signal uniformity is observed when using the 2D PC. Overall, improvement in AuNP detection contrast, uniformity, and point spread function is demonstrated by PRAM performed upon a 2D PC surface.
Photoredox Hydroacylative Dearomatization of Indoles with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Qu Chuan‐Hua , Zhu Lin , Chen Shan‐Shan , Peng Hong‐Bo , Zhang Si‐Si , Song Gui‐Ting
Published: January 2025

Herein we reported for the first time a photocatalytic dearomative hydroacylation reaction of electron‐deficient indoles with readily available aromatic acids through a phosphoranyl radical‐assisted deoxygenative process. A range of racemic and optically active 2‐acylindoline derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 94%) with good diastereoselectivity. The synthetic robustness is highlighted by the enantioselective dearomatization of indoles and the late‐stage modification of natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. This protocol features broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions, providing a reliable entry to developing deoxygenative strategies in dearomatization reactions. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest that a Giese‐type radical addition pathway should be involved.
Mechanochemical Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of In‐Situ Generated Reformatsky Zn‐Enolates
Authors: Čarný Tomáš , Mravcová Dominika , Steinhüblová Barbora , Šebesta Radovan
Published: January 2025

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed α‐arylations of carbonyl compounds have shown to be a useful strategy for the late‐stage synthesis of α‐arylesters. However, the use of strong basic conditions and difficult handling necessary for the in‐situ preparation of enolates is a major disadvantage. On the other hand, using Reformatsky zinc‐enolates can overcome these challenges. Moreover, mechanochemical in‐situ activation of zinc is even more beneficial. Herein, we report mechanochemical Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between in‐situ generated Reformatsky Zn‐enolates and aryl halides. This operationally simple procedure affords α‐arylated esters or amides using an affordable catalytic system. Reactions were carried under air and ambient conditions using granulated zinc without the need for its pre‐activation. Less reactive and commercially more affordable aryl bromides afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields in comparison to aryl iodides. The optimized conditions were applied in scale‐up reaction and in the synthesis of α‐arylated esters, amides, and derivatives of natural products.
Phosphorus Fluoride Exchange (PFEx) Click Chemistry: 2‐Substituted‐Alkynyl‐1‐Cyclotriphosphazene (SACP) Hubs for Diversity Oriented Clicking
Authors: Wang Zifei , Vishwakarma Dharmendra S. , Sun Shoujun , Huang Qiyao , Pati Soumyaranjan , Johnson Robert M. , Rufrano Michael R. , Gembicky Milan , Homer Joshua A. , Moses John E.
Published: January 2025

Phosphorus Fluoride Exchange (PFEx) is a new click chemistry technology that hinges on the creation of innovative hubs to unlock its potential and broaden its applications. In this study, we outline some guiding principles for PFEx hub development and validate these principles by developing a new hub, 2‐substituted‐alkynyl‐1‐cyclotriphosphazenes (SACPs). These SACPs serve as versatile PFEx hubs with stable functionality and orthogonal reactivity, exemplifying their utility within the Diversity Oriented Clicking (DOC) framework. We demonstrate that SACPs interact with various 1,3‐dipoles, enabling the synthesis of phosphorus‐rich compounds through sequential cycloaddition and PFEx reactions, thus pioneering new synthetic routes for wide application of click chemistry.
Elucidating the Oxidation Process and Enhanced Stability of Black Phosphorus through NTCDA Passivation: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Kaddar Youness , Mansouri Zouhir , Benyoussef Abdelilah , El Fatimy Abdelouahed , Mounkachi Omar
Published: January 2025

Understanding the oxidation mechanisms of black phosphorus (BP) at the atomic scale is essential for developing effective passivation strategies to enhance its stability in ambient conditions. To explore this, the effects of O2 and H2O molecules on BP layers are elucidated using reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics simulations at constant concentrations of molecules and room temperature. As a potential solution, the passivation efficacy of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) is evaluated. The initial oxidation processes are analyzed through atomic structural changes, charge dynamics, and radial distribution functions. Moreover, the thickness of the oxidized BP layers is quantitatively determined. Results show that elevated O2 concentrations significantly accelerate oxidation and increase the thickness of the oxidized layers, while H2O has a weaker influence. The interaction between O⁻ and H⁺ ions in H2O reduces its interaction with BP, but O2 molecules cause H2O to become negatively charged, allowing it to interact with P⁺ ions. Importantly, passivating BP with NTCDA effectively mitigates oxidation, creating a protective layer that repels O2 molecules. Ultimately, this study reveals the initial oxidation and passivation processes of BP layers, offering crucial theoretical insights to guide experimental methods and practical applications in semiconductor devices.
Surface Strengthening of Polymer Composite Dielectrics for Superior High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Zhao Yanlong , Yang Minhao , Yan Huarui , Xu Chao , Tian Bobo , Zhang Chong , Xie Qing , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: January 2025

Polymer dielectrics for high‐temperature capacitive energy storage suffer from low energy density and poor efficiency, which is mainly attributed to the exponential growth of conduction loss at high electric fields. Here, a surface strengthening strategy to inhibit the electrode‐limited conduction loss of polymer composite dielectrics is reported. The surface phase of polymer composite dielectrics is strengthened by the in situ generated ultrafine silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles while the bulk phase is strengthened by incorporating commercially available SiO2 nanoparticles. These wide bandgap SiO2 nanoparticles can not only restrict the movement of macromolecular chains, but also act as deep traps to capture the charge carriers. As a result, the charge transport at the electrode/dielectric interface and in the bulk phase of dielectric is significantly restrained, thereby leading to a decrease in conduction loss. The resultant film can deliver a discharged energy density of 4.26 J cm⁻3 at 200 °C, which increased by 1274.19% compared with that of pristine film. The strategy of employing surface strengthening to suppress the conduction loss of polymer composite dielectrics can be easily extended to other polymers to improve the high‐temperature insulation and capacitive energy storage performances.
Highly selective deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of lithium from high sodium concentration aqueous solutions
Authors: Xue Ke , Liu Hai , Kou Peng , Zhou Yan , Zhang Yan , Zhu Zhaoyou , Qi Jianguang , Wang Yinglong
Published: January 2025

Efficient and selective extraction of lithium from sodium‐rich systems is crucial for meeting the growing demand for lithium and achieving green development goals. In this study, we synthesized three hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) using trioctylphosphine oxide and β‐diketones for the separation of alkali metal ions. Experimental results indicated that the chosen extractants exhibit excellent Li+ extraction capability under alkaline conditions, and the extraction capacity of HDES for Li+ is superior to that of their components. Thermodynamic function calculations revealed that the Li+ extraction reaction is exothermic. A study of the factors affecting Li+ extraction efficiency and separation coefficients, and the recyclability of HDES, was conducted, achieving efficient recovery of lithium from solutions. Additionally, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and quantum chemical calculations elucidated the extraction mechanism. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and a green approach for the selective recovery of Li+ from high Na/Li aqueous solutions.
A Soft Wearable Robot with an Adjustable Twisted String Actuator and a Two‐Stage Transmission Mechanism for Manual Handling Tasks
Authors: Lee Dongun , Lee Sinyoung , Lee Donghyun , Shin Dongjun
Published: January 2025

A manual handling task is one of the most common causes of back injuries, accounting for nearly 31.9% of the total work‐related injuries. To promote a safe working environment for workers, wearable robots (wearables) are rapidly emerging to fulfill various needs in human‐robot interactive tasks. Although numerous studies have successfully developed wearables to assist humans, they are often limited to supporting a single degree of freedom (DoF) of the human body with a single actuator. However, as humans tend to use multiple parts of their bodies, additional actuators and mechanisms to transmit force/motion are necessary to realize multi‐DoF, which increases the volume, price, and complexity of the wearables. To address these issues, a multi‐DoF wearable robot (WeaRo) with an adjustable twisted string actuator (ATSA) and a two‐stage transmission mechanism (2TM) is proposed. By introducing the novel ATSA and 2TM, the proposed WeaRo achieves multi‐DoF (lumbar and arm) with only a single electric motor and ATSA. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WeaRo effectively reduces the maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) of lumbar, biceps, and triceps muscles by a maximum of 18.2, 29.1, and 27.0%, respectively without constraining users’ movements. Additionally, the fabric‐based design ensures a lightweight solution weighing 5.2 kg including batteries.
Tissue Eosinophils Threshold and its Association with Adult‐Onset Asthma in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kowatanamongkon Patlada , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Korrungruang Potjanee , Chotikawichean Nutpacha , Kanjanawasee Dichapong , Mongkolkul Kittichai , Chitsuthipakorn Wirach
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tissue eosinophil counts (TEC) might serve as a biomarker linking chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the presence of adult‐onset asthma. This study aimed to determine if TEC in sinus mucosa/polyps in CRS patients is an independent indicator of asthma and to identify its optimal cut‐off point.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted on primary CRS patients scheduled for surgery. All patients were assessed by a pulmonologist for asthma diagnosis. Tissues were collected during surgery and evaluated for TEC. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to determine significant factors and the optimal cut‐off points of TEC associated with asthma.

Results

A total of 103 CRS patients were included. Ten patients (9.7%) had underlying asthma, while 13 (12.6%) were first diagnosed by the pulmonologist. TEC ≥40 cells per high‐powered field (HPF) exhibited a significant correlation with asthma (area under the curve = 0.71, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of this cut‐off point was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–0.87), and specificity was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.55–0.76). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.37 and 0.88, respectively. The cut‐off point significantly associated with the presence of asthma, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.13 (95% CI = 1.05–9.35, p = 0.04), controlling for polyps, allergic rhinitis, and computerized tomography (CT) score.

Conclusion

TEC in CRS patients can help determine the presence of adult‐onset asthma, with an optimal threshold of ≥40 cells/HPF. This threshold is significantly associated with asthma independent of polyps, allergy, and CT score.
The MR1/MAIT cell axis enhances dystrophic neurite development in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wyatt‐Johnson Season K. , Ackley Samantha , Warren Jalyn , Priya Raj , Wan Jun , Liu Sheng , Brutkiewicz Randy R.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Plaques are a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that the loss of mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and their antigen‐presenting molecule MR1 caused a delay in plaque pathology development in AD mouse models. However, it remains unknown how this axis is impacting dystrophic neurites.

METHODS

Brain tissue from 5XFAD mice and those that are MR1 deficient (MR1 KO), were analyzed for dystrophic neurites, amyloid plaques, and synapses via immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot.

RESULTS

In 8‐month‐old 5XFAD/MR1 KO mice, there was reduced expression of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1, ubiquitin, and n‐terminal amyloid precursor protein in the hippocampus compared to 5XFAD mice (P < 0.05). 5XFAD/MR1 KO mice also had less insoluble amyloid beta 40 (P < 0.001) and higher levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (P < 0.01) in the hippocampus.

DISCUSSION

Our data contribute additional mechanistic insight into the detrimental role of the MR1/MAIT cell axis in AD pathology development.

Highlights

5XFAD mice lacking the innate immune MR1/MAIT (mucosal‐associated invariant T) cell axis (5XFAD/MR1 KO) have reduced numbers of dystrophic neurite markers in the hippocampus at 8 months of age.

Hippocampal tissue transcriptional analyses showed reduced expression of genes encoding classical dystrophic neurite markers in 5XFAD/MR1 KO mice.

5XFAD/MR1 KO mice had less insoluble amyloid beta 40 and increased levels of the post‐synaptic marker, postsynaptic density protein 95, in the hippocampus than did MR1+ 5XFAD mice.
An Amorphous Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymer with Both High Charge Carrier Mobility and Luminescence Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Wang Mingcong , Xia Guangjie , Yang Chen , Zhang Lu , Nikolka Mark , Zhang Weimin , Cendra Camila , Liu Wanli , Zhao Shunan , Zeng Jinfeng , Zou Cao , Gorenflot Julien , Salleo Alberto , Laquai Frédéric , Sirringhaus Henning , McCulloch Iain , Chen Hu
Published: January 2025

Organic semiconducting polymers play a pivotal role in the development of field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), owing to their cost‐effectiveness, structural versatility, and solution processability. However, achieving polymers with both high charge carrier mobility (μ) and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (Φ) remains a challenge. In this work, we present the design and synthesis of a novel donor‐acceptor π‐conjugated polymer, TTIF‐BT, featuring a di‐Thioeno[3,2‐b] ThioenoIndeno[1,2‐b] Fluorene (TTIF) backbone as the donor component. TTIF‐BT exhibits comparable hole mobility and enhanced interchain‐mediated emissions compared to state‐of‐the‐art semiconducting IDT‐BT, leading to a remarkable Φ ⋅ μ value of ~0.084 cm2 V−1 s−1. Through time‐resolved absorption and PL techniques, we propose a model to extract the spectral weight of interchain‐mediated emissions, yielding 62 % in TTIF‐BT. Our results introduce a high‐performance semiconducting polymer, which has potential use in next‐generation organic optoelectronic devices, including electrically‐driven polymer lasers and active‐matrix display technologies.
Remote Carbon Monoxide Spillover Improves Tandem Urea Electrosynthesis
Authors: Li Jia‐Yuan , Li Yue‐Fei , Li Lin‐Sen , Jiang Zhao , Chen Yu , Xia Bao Yu
Published: January 2025

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis from carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3−) offers a promising alternative to traditional industrial methods. However, current catalysts face limitations in the supplies of CO* and Nrelated* intermediates, and their coupling, resulting in unsatisfactory urea production efficiency and energy consumption. To overcome these challenges, we carried out tandem electrosynthesis approach using ruthenium dioxide‐supported palladium‐gold alloys (Pd2Au1/RuO2). This catalyst system effectively catalyzes CO2‐to‐CO* conversion on Pd2Au1 and NO3−‐to‐NH2* conversion on RuO2. Crucially, the minimized work function difference between two components promotes remote CO* spillover from Pd2Au1 to RuO2, improving effective coupling of CO* and NH2* for urea production. Our catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a record‐high Faradaic efficiency for urea (FEurea) of 75.6±0.5 % and a urea production rate (rurea) of 73.5±0.8 mmol gcat−1 h−1. Notably, this was accomplished with an ultralow energy consumption of 18.9 kWh kgurea−1. We also successfully demonstrate the long‐term stability of our catalyst in a flow cell, achieving over 160 h of uninterrupted urea and formate production with consistent profitability. This achievement represents a significant step towards the large‐scale practical application of sustainable urea electrosynthesis.
Regioisomeric π‐Extended Nanographene with Long‐Lived Phosphorescence Afterglow
Authors: Kumar Viksit , Venugopal Geethu , Jadhav Ashok Badrinarayan , Dongre Sangram D. , Gonnade Rajesh , Kumar Jatish , Ruer Paul C. , Hupp Benjamin , Steffen Andreas , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: January 2025

The cutouts of graphene sheets, particularly those with a nonplanar topology, present vast opportunities for advancement. Even a slight deviation from the planar structure can lead to intriguing (chiro)optical features for helically twisted nanographenes. In this context, we introduce two regioisomeric π‐extended nanographenes that exhibit distinct excited‐state characteristics. The helicene structure and the photophysical features can be easily tuned by changing the connecting position of the nanographene to the carbazole core (2,7− and 3,6−). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of nanographenes with bent and helical conformations. Both derivatives exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence at room temperature and phosphorescence at low temperatures. Notably, the nanographene with the bent structure displayed an impressive red afterglow lasting over 30 seconds, in contrast to the very weak afterglow observed in the helical structure. DFT calculations revealed the existence of an isoenergetic higher triplet state (T8) and comparatively weak spin‐orbit coupling (T1‐S0), thereby enabling the bent nanographene to exhibit a long‐lived component and strong afterglow. Our findings highlight the significance of regioisomeric nanographenes with exceptional optical properties and offer a deeper understanding of the structure–property relationship in nonplanar nanographenes.
CsPbBr3 Superstructures with Circularly Polarized Photolumines‐Cence Obtained by the Self‐Assembly and Annealing of Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Baowei , Xiao Jian , Xie Zhengkun , Jiang Maowei , Song Haoqiang , Toso Stefano , Zang Shuangquan , Manna Liberato , Lu Siyu
Published: January 2025

We report a two‐step approach to fabricate CsPbBr3 superstructures with strongly circularly polarized photoluminescence by self‐assembly of nanoclusters on a substrate, followed by their annealing. In the first step, the nanoclusters self‐assemble upon solvent evaporation, a process that forms mesoscopic superstructures whose geometrical arrangement at the μm‐scale confers them optical chirality. In the second step, mild annealing of such superstructures induces the coalescence of the nanoclusters, accompanied by a continuous red shift of the photoluminescence up to 530 nm, with preservation of the μm‐scale wires bundles and the chiral properties of the sample (glum=0.1). The successful chirality transfer from the initial nanoclusters assemblies to these final CsPbBr3 superstructures provides a convenient way to obtain circularly polarized emitters.
Cationic Magnetically Active Nitrogen‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon with Record Low Band Gap
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Zhou Laiyun , Zhang Ruiying , Ding Yeda , Shi Dan , Zhu Lingyun , Lin Lisen , Li Yuanming , Wang Qing
Published: January 2025

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted significant interest in material chemistry, particularly if they own extremely low band gaps and magnetic properties. However, challenges remain regarding the synthetic accessibility and energy saturation issues. In this study, we introduce NR‐11, which consists of eleven aromatic rings in its main conjugation and is separately doped with two electron‐rich nitrogen atoms. This unique structure imparts intriguing oxidation characteristics to NR‐11. The cationic radical NR‐11+⋅ exhibits enhanced stability and demonstrates strong absorption in the range of 1250 nm to 3000 nm, peaking at 2570 nm. As a result, the optical energy gap of NR‐11+⋅ is one of the lowest reported to date. Additionally, X‐ray crystal structure analysis reveals that NR‐11+⋅ displays unusual symmetry‐broken charge separation. For the dication, variable‐temperature NMR and variable‐temperature EPR studies indicate that NR‐112+ exhibits a high diradical character with a ▵ES‐T of approximately −1 kcal/mol. Additionally, its spins are polarized at two ends of the PAH. Meanwhile, its strong absorption in the near‐infrared II region suggests promise in photoacoustic (PA) conversion applications. This work underscores the significance of cationic species of extended long PAHs, highlighting their exceptional properties and potential applications.
Revealing Intrinsic Free Charge Generation: Promoting the Construction of Over 19% Efficient Planar p‐n Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Junjie , Li Yonghai , Bi Fuzhen , Yang Chunpeng , Vasilopoulou Maria , Chu Junhao , Bao Xichang
Published: January 2025

Due to high binding energy and extremely short diffusion distance of Frenkel excitons in common organic semiconductors at early stage, mechanism of interface charge transfer‐mediated free carrier generation has dominated the development of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). However, considering the advancements in materials and device performance, it is necessary to reexamine the photoelectric conversion in current‐stage efficient OSCs. Here, we propose that the conjugated materials with specific three‐dimensional donor‐acceptor conjugated packing potentially exhibit distinctive charge photogeneration mechanism, which spontaneously split Wannier‐Mott excitons to free carriers in pure phases. Subsequently, the pure planar p‐n heterojunction (PHJ) OSCs based on green orthogonal solvents were prepared and exhibited comparable even greater performance to that of BHJ OSCs. More interestingly, by introducing PVDF‐TrFE as intrinsic region to regulate built‐in electric field of the device, the planar p‐i‐n PHJ OSCs achieved much higher efficiency (>18%) and stability. Moreover, a prominent efficiency of over 19% has been obtained via ternary optimization, which is the new efficiency record for PHJ OSCs up to date. This study points towards the distinguishing intrinsic free charge generation mechanism, opens up a new avenue for OSCs to collectively realize high‐efficiency, long‐term duration, and simplified device engineering for future commercialization.