bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending the L-band amplification to 1623  nm using Er/Yb/P co-doped phosphosilicate fiber
Authors: Chen Yang , Lou Yang , Gu Zhimu , Qiu Qiang , He Le , Li Wenzhen , Yin Xiaoke , Zhao Xinyue , Liu Shaokun , Peng Jinggang , Li Haiqing , Xing Yingbin , Chu Yingbo , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: November 2021

The gain bandwidth of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier limits the enhancement of the transmission capacity in optical fiber communication systems. This Letter reports an erbium-ytterbium co-doped phosphosilicate fiber, which is expected to increase transmission capacity by extending the L-band gain bandwidth to 1623 nm. The fiber was fabricated by modified chemical vapor deposition combined with solution doping technology. The mechanism of bandwidth-expansion by inhibiting the signal excited-state absorption was investigated. When the signal power and pump power were maintained at

−

3.7

d
B
m

and

∼

720

m
W

at 1480 nm, the 20 dB gain range was extended out to 1623 nm. Additionally, the noise figure at 1623 nm decreased to 6.01 dB, with 23 dBm saturated output power. The results show that the erbium-ytterbium co-doped phosphosilicate fiber has a great potential for extending L-band amplification.
Cosmic dust investigation by optical tweezers for space exploration
Authors: Magazzù A. , Ciriza D. Bronte , Polimeno P. , Musolino A. , Donato M. G. , Foti A. , Gucciardi P. G. , Iatì M. A. , Saija R. , Folco L. , Rotundi A. , Maragò O. M.
Published: November 2021

We trap individual cosmic dust particles by Raman Tweezers to identify their compositions and to characterize their response to optical forces without any substrate effects, documenting the high potential of this novel technique for space exploration.
Cooperative UVC activation on metamaterial and Improvement of decontamination rate using the screw channels in it
Authors: Pislari T. , Turcan M. , Bazgan S. , Starodub E. , Enaki N. A.
Published: November 2021

New equipment with higher decontamination efficiency of infected fluids using the acceleration of pathogens (viruses and bacteria) among elements of optical metamaterials traveled by Ultraviolet C radiation and their big contact with decontamination surface of the composite material.
Indirect Optical Tweezing: Pinpoint Particle Control Using Optically Engineered Fluid Flow
Authors: Būtaitė Unė G. , Gibson Graham G. , Ho Ying-Lung D. , Taverne Mike , Taylor Jonathan M. , Phillips David B.
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate pinpoint control over aqueous particles using optically driven hydrodynamic tweezers: dynamically engineered flow-fields created by piloting optically trapped actuators. This avoids direct illumination with lasers, and removes material constraints on trappable particles.
Rotational Phases and Phase Transitions of Active Particles Induced by Delayed Interactions
Authors: Wang X. , Holubec V. , Chen P.-C. , Cichos F.
Published: November 2021

We propose a mechanism, that induces rotation of a group of individuals by applying time delayed interaction between them. In experiments with micro-particles and laser nudging rotational phases, phase transitions and critical points are observed.
Propulsion of microswimmers with delay
Authors: Maharjan S. , Wang X. , Cichos F.
Published: November 2021

Here we introduce optically controlled thermophorectic microswimmers which are propelled by local heat release and use feedback control to generate local active oscillators that can be coupled arbitrarily into complex networks.
Models For Optical Tweezer Stretching of Miniature Coarse-Grained Red Blood Cells
Authors: Appshaw Paul , Seddon Annela M. , Hanna Simon
Published: November 2021

A coarse-grained red blood cell model is subjected to optical tweezer-style stretching, with membrane shear-modulus calculated. Results from the 0.5 − 1.0µm diameter cells show good agreement with past in vitro studies on human red blood cells.
Fast and Accurate Multi-frequency Stage Driving Active-passive Calibration of Optical Tweezers for Microrheology of Complex Fluids
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Vitali Valerio , Denz Cornelia
Published: November 2021

Optical tweezers-based methods have been widely used for microrheological applications from simple to complex fluids. We report here an optical tweezers microrheology approach based on multi-frequency stage driving for viscoelasticity measurements in complex fluids.
Ray Optics Model for Trapping of Biconcave Red Blood Cells in Single- and Dual-Beam Optical Tweezers
Authors: Tognato Riccardo , Jones Philip H.
Published: November 2021

We present a numerical investigation of the trapping forces and equilibrium configuration for a healthy biconcave red blood cell optically trapped in both single and dual beam optical tweezers using the ray optics approximation.
Dual-Beam Optical Manipulation of Red Blood Cells for the Investigation of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Parlatan Ugur , Soysal Kaan Batu , Parlatan Seyma , Mastanzade Metban , Ozbalak Murat , Yenerel Mustafa , Unlu Burcin
Published: November 2021

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was studied using dual-beam optical tweezers. Force measurements show a moderate change between disease and healthy states. PCA/LDA method was also used for classification.
Volume Exclusion Studied by Optically Induced Thermophoretic Compression
Authors: Thalheim T. , Kroy K. , Cichos F.
Published: November 2021

Volume exclusion effects within a single polymer chain influence its static and dynamic properties. We present studies unearthing the role of volume exclusion for two different polymer species under optically controlled thermophoretic compression.
Opto-Thermomechanical Nanoprinting under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhao Chenglong
Published: November 2021

An opto-thermomechanical (OTM) nanoprinting method is demonstrated to not only additively print nanostructures with sub-100 nm accuracy but also to correct printing errors for nanorepairing under ambient conditions..
Using Optical Fibers for Particle Trapping and Manipulation
Authors: Chormaic Síle Nic
Published: November 2021

Optical traps using optical fibers can facilitate trapping, manipulation, and characterization of particles ranging from dielectric beads, through anisotropic particles such as rare-earth doped nanorods, with the added advantage of a small footprint. Here, we will introduce several fiber traps, including the quasi-Bessel beam optical fiber tweezers and the optical nanofiber, and illustrate the variety of measurements that can be made depending on the configuration chosen.
Liposome manipulation using the evanescent field of an optical nanofiber
Authors: Sadgrove M. , Suda A. , Matsuyama R. , Komiya M. , Yoshino T. , Yamaura D. , Sugawara M. , Niwano M. , Mitsumori Y. , Edamatsu K. , Hirano-Iwata A.
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate trapping and transport of liposomes in the evanescent field of an optical nanofiber with ~10 mW of optical power. Interesting regimes with non-negligible interaction of liposomes with the nanofiber surface give unique dynamics.
Ultrafast Laser Stimulation in Stem-cells and Its Potential for Cell Differentiation Induction
Authors: Liu Shiyue , Chen Dihan , He Hao , Ho Ho-Pui , Kong Siu-Kai
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate that our multi-photon stimulation system using ultra-short pulsed laser can modulate molecular signaling system such as changes in [Ca2+]i and ROS in mesenchymal stem cells and the expression of early osteoblastic marker could be activated by solely laser illumination in cells 3 days after induction. This project was supported by Research Grants Council (N_CUHK407/16) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81661168014).
Accurate Raman-based Classification through Regularization
Authors: Pavillon N. , Smith N. I.
Published: November 2021

34/35 words Raman spectroscopy allows studying live biological samples through their intracellular molecular content. We employ machine learning to derive reliable classification features based on a regularization approach that enables biological interpretation.
A Raman Tweezer Study with Single Red Blood Cells for the Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Parlatan Seyma , Parlatan Ugur , Soysal Kaan Batu , Mastanzade Metban , Ozbalak Murat , Yenerel Mustafa , Basar Gunay , Unlu Burcin
Published: November 2021

The surface structure of individual erythrocytes changes in the state of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. We proposed a diagnostic model by Raman tweezers which provided optical immobilization and chemical interrogation
Deep-Learning-Enabled Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Authors: Sun Yi , Wang Jianfeng , Shi Jindou , Boppart Stephen A
Published: November 2021

A trained deep neural network generates computational polarization-sensitive contrast from OCT intensity images. The deep-learning-enabled images were evaluated based on the structural similarity with the ground truth.
Automated classification of otitis media in pediatric OCT images: Augmenting with gold-standard animal model data
Authors: Monroy Guillermo L. , Won Jungeun , Spillman Darold , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: November 2021

Specific disease states are often difficult to observe in a clinical setting. Here we demonstrate OCT images from chinchilla ears can supplement existing human data in a machine learning platform to produce diagnostically relevant conclusions.
A fiber-based sensor for the quantification of intramuscular oxygen
Authors: Witthauer Lilian , Cascales Juan Pedro , Roussakis Emmanuel , Li Xiaolei , Goss Avery , Chen Yenyu , Evans Conor L.
Published: November 2021

A fiber-based oxygen sensor was developed in order to improve the diagnosis of muscle injuries. Results from in vitro measurements and an in vivo porcine model will be discussed in this contribution.
High-throughput retinal oxygen mapping by phosphorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Guan Zhenping , Zhang Zhiyu , Vinogradov Sergei , Yi Ji
Published: November 2021

We demonstrated a high throughput retinal oxygen sensing by laser scanning phosphorescence lifetime imaging. The new approach allows for improved spatial resolution and imaging throughput compared to previous reports.
Quantitative Unmixing of Endogenous Chromophores in the Retina via Super-Phasors
Authors: Kline Jessica , Dantus Marcos
Published: November 2021

Super-phasor unmixing is a new analytic method that allows the quantitative unmixing of many spectroscopic signals in congested systems. Its capabilities are demonstrated on images of a retina obtained from multimodal microscopy.
Point-of-care optical spectroscopy platform for non-invasive in vivo measurement of key metabolic parameters in small animals
Authors: Sun Tengfei , Jiang Susiyan , Zhu Caigang
Published: November 2021

We report a point-of-care optical spectroscopy platform for simultaneous quantification of key metabolic and vascular parameters of tumors in vivo. Both phantom and preclinical animal studies were conducted to demonstrate the capability of the system.
Label-free metabolic imaging of early C. elegans embryo development
Authors: Datta Rupsa , Tweed Kelsey , Skala Melissa
Published: November 2021

In this work we demonstrate that two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of intrinsic metabolic co-factor NAD(P)H is a highly sensitive and non-invasive technique to study dynamic metabolic changes in early C. elegans embryo development.
Combining PARPi-FL fluorescence and reflectance contrast for improved detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
Authors: Sahu Aditi , Cordero Jose , Wu Xiancheng , Franca Paula Demetrio Desouza , Kossatz Susanne , Harris Ucalene , Kurtansky Nicholas , Everett Niasia , Dusza Steve , Monnier Jilliana , Kumar Piyush , Fox Christi , Brand Christian , Roberts Sheryl , Kose Kivanc , Phillips William , Lee Erica , Chen Chih-Shan Jason , Rossi Anthony , Nehal Kishwer , Pulitzer Melissa , Longo Caterina , Halpern Allan , Reiner Thomas , Rajadhyaksha Milind , Jain Manu
Published: November 2021

Towards improving non-invasive BCC diagnosis, we demonstrate successful PARPi-FL (PARP1-targeted nuclear contrast) labeling in tumors, permeability through stratum corneum, and high diagnostic accuracy with combined PARPi-FL and reflectance contrast.
99mTc-labeled Keratin-coated gold nanoparticles for selective anticancer photothermal therapy
Authors: Frantellizzi Viviana , Pontico Mariano , De Vincentis Giuseppe , Civitelli Liana , Petronella Francesca , Pani Roberto , Calogero Antonella , Perotto Giovanni , De Sio Luciano
Published: November 2021

We report and discuss the synthesis and characterization of a new generation of radiolabeled 99mTc keratin gold nanoparticles (99mTc-Ker-AuNPs) to realize a new generation of biocompatible nanotherapeutics for the treatment of cancerous tissues via light assisted thermal therapy. The presence of 99mTc easily allows revealing the Ker-AuNPs accumulation in tissues, thus enabling a selective photothermal ablation. The 99mTc-Ker-AuNPs is investigated through instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and a high resolution thermographic optical setup, revealing a successful conjugation between 99mTc-Ker and Ker-AuNPs along with excellent photo-thermal properties.
Simulation of power distribution in prescription sunglasses using the coordinate transformation method
Authors: Huang Ching-Yao
Published: November 2021

In this study, the whole-surface power distributions in prescription sunglasses at different face form angles were simulated using the coordinate transformation method. The lens was tilted with respect to the optical center by directly transforming its Cartesian coordinate system at the desired face form angle. The results show that prescription sunglasses display different whole-surface power maps compared to plano sunglasses. Moreover, when the tilt angle of the lens is high, a greater power error is observed in the temporal area of prescription sunglass lenses, which makes the power distribution more asymmetric.
Turbulence characterization and mitigation with Adaptive Optics systems for laser applications
Authors: Velluet Marie-Thérése , Michau Vincent , Fusco Thierry , Vedrenne Nicolas
Published: November 2021

pcAOP and laser delivery system performance is degraded by atmospheric turbulence. The presentation will give an overview of the different tools developed at Onera to assess the complete acquisition pcAOP chain through turbulence including mitigation techniques.
Turbulence Profile Measurement with a Dynamically Ranged Rayleigh Beacon
Authors: Zuraski Steven M. , McCrae Jack E. , Fiorino Steven T.
Published: November 2021

Long range imagery systems are negatively affected by atmospheric turbulence. This paper describes a method for quantifying that turbulence strength profile along the viewed path by presenting a novel system concept and first measurement results.
Joule-Class Ultrafast Thin-Disk Laser Amplifiers for Applications in Atmospheric Research
Authors: Herkommer Clemens , Krötz Peter , Klingebiel Sandro , Kienberger Reinhard , Metzger Thoms
Published: November 2021

We report on the recent development of a thin-disk laser system providing 720-mJ, sub-picosecond pulses at 1030 nm. The CPA system is operating at 1 kHz and was specially designed for applications in laser-based lightning rod.
Sensing of precipitation using laser radar
Authors: Dave Pranjal , Yellapragada Bhavani Kumar
Published: November 2021

We conducted laser radar measurements of the atmosphere during a strong thunderstorm condition over a tropical site in India. The laser radar was operated in the slant direction and has detected variability in precipitation in spatial direction.
Modeling the Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Comprised of Amorphous Materials
Authors: Sela Maor , Haspel Carynelisa
Published: November 2021

The optical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles comprised of amorphous materials are modeled using two approaches, the Bruggeman effective medium approximation and an ideal amorphous solid model combined with a multiple-sphere T-matrix model.
Quality Metrics for Atmospherically Distorted Images
Authors: McGaughey Donald , Potvin Guy
Published: November 2021

This paper describes a number of quality metrics for quantifying the quality of atmospherically distorted images and corrected images. Metrics that require a truth image (SSIM, MSE) and no-reference metrics (NIQE, BRISQUE) will be reviewed.
Light and Humidity Induced Degradation and Grain Transformation in Mixed Cation Perovskites
Authors: Ho Kevin , Wei Mingyang , Sargent Edward H. , Walker Gilbert C.
Published: November 2021

The degradation of mixed cation perovskite under light and humidity was investigated by peak force infrared microscopy.
Organic Microdisplays for Visual Feedback
Authors: Lenk Simone , Richter Bernd , Wartenberg Philipp , Vogel Uwe
Published: November 2021

The feedback loop of OLED microdisplay information and human action is used to study human-machine interaction with the aim to create new ways of remote work and learning environments.
Investigating Bifacial Photovoltaic Output Under Diffuse, Specular and Glossy Albedo
Authors: Pal Shweta , Saive Rebecca
Published: November 2021

We study bifacial PV output for diffuse, specular & glossy reflectors, using albedo-oriented reverse ray-tracing & experiments. Our method accommodates spectro-angular albedo, helps evaluate existing albedos & design new reflectors for higher yield.
Organic solar cell surface structures based on diffraction-optimized aperiodic patterns for enhanced light harvesting
Authors: Merkel Milena , Imbrock Jörg , Denz Cornelia
Published: November 2021

We design and fabricate deterministic aperiodic surface structures on organic solar cells. Their diffractive properties are compared and optimized to maximize the increase of the active path length of sunlight and thus its absorption probability.
Concentrating collector systems for high-temperature solar thermal applications
Authors: Li Lifeng , Wang Bo , Pye John , Lipiński Wojciech
Published: November 2021

This study reviews basic relations, classification, and characteristics of concentrating collector systems for high-temperature solar thermal applications.
Incoherent light source exceeding the brightness of 18 suns using light recycling in LED-pumped luminescent concentrators
Authors: Nourry-Martin Maxime , Pichon Pierre , Druon Frederic , Darbon Stephane , Georges Patrick , Balembois François
Published: November 2021

Blue-LED-pumped Ce: YAG luminescent concentrators are counting among the brightest incoherent light sources. This work shows that light recycling allows to enhance their brightness by one order of magnitude reaching 4.6 kW/cm²/sr.
Unraveling the Quality of the Active Region in GaN/InGaN Green LEDs Using Capacitance-Voltage Measurements
Authors: Nag Dhiman , Horng Ray-Hua , Laha Apurba
Published: November 2021

CV measurements are carried out on InGaN multi-quantum well LEDs. Results obtained at lower frequencies exhibit strong evidence of defect-assisted carrier transitions. This technique can be employed for assessing quality of multi-quantum well LEDs.
Investigation into Color-temperature Stable Illumination Sources Based on Tri-chromatic LEDs
Authors: Onwukaeme Chibuzo , Ryu Han-Youl
Published: November 2021

Temperature and time variations influence the color points of a white light emitting diodes (LEDs). Adjusting the power ratios of the individual LEDs of a trichromatic light, we obtain a stable color temperature operation.
Selective BTEX Sensing with Laser Absorption and DNNs
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Farooq Aamir
Published: November 2021

Selective and simultaneous BTEX measurements are performed utilizing a 3.3 µm DFB- ICL. The sensor is based on wavelength tuning and deep neural networks (DNNs) to distinguish the broadband absorbance spectra of BTEX species.
dTOF SPAD array with Region-Of-Interest selection and dynamic TDC routing
Authors: Severini Fabio , Sesta Vincenzo , Madonini Francesca , Incoronato Alfonso , Villa Federica , Zappa Franco
Published: November 2021

We present a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array with Region-Of-Interest selection and smart TDC routing, optimized for a direct Time-Of-Flight (dTOF) single- point rangefinder system to be employed on automated assembly lines.
Spatial field characterization for guided-wave Terahertz sensing
Authors: Smith R. Levi , Darcie Thomas
Published: November 2021

Terahertz membrane-based system-on-chip devices provide unique access to concentrated fields surrounding the transmission line. We scan a needle in proximity of a CPS line and measure reflected sub-picosecond pulses. This provides useful design insight and potential application in nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy.
Monitoring Evaporation of Ethanol-Water Mixtures Using a Hollow Square Core Fiber
Authors: Pereira Diana , Bierlich Jörg , Kobelke Jens , Wondraczek Katrin , Ferreira Marta S.
Published: November 2021

An optical fiber sensor based on a hollow square core fiber is reported to measure the refractive indices of ethanol-water solutions and to monitor the evaporation profile in real time.
Biosensor based on E-SMS Optical Fiber Structure for Detection of Anti BSA
Authors: Patiño-Jurado Brayan , Restrepo C.A. Buriticá , Cardona-Maya Y. , Montagut-Ferizzola Y.J. , Torres Robinson , Jaramillo-Grajales M. , Herrera Rodrigo Acuna , Torres Pedro , Botero-Cadavid Juan F.
Published: November 2021

In this work, etched singlemode-multimode-singlemode (E-SMS) optical fiber structures are evaluated through the implementation of anti-BSA/BSA immunoassay. By tracking the wavelength response, it is found that the E-SMS devices can detect the presence of antiBSA.
Influence of Parameters of FBG Array Inscribed in a Multicore Optical Fiber on the Accuracy of Shape Reconstruction of a Flexible Medical Instrument
Authors: Bronnikov Kirill , Dostovalov Alexander , Wolf Alexey , Babin Sergey
Published: November 2021

Fiber-optic shape sensors based on 7-core optical fibers with twisted and straight cores were integrated into a flexible medical papillotome and the accuracy of shape reconstruction was analyzed for different fiber Bragg gratings spacing.
Plasmonic Fiber Optic Sensors for Monitoring Aqueous Media using Group IV Transition Metal Nitrides
Authors: Monfared Y. E. , Kurylyk B. L. , Dasog M.
Published: November 2021

We present a computational study on the performance of plasmonic fiber-optic sensors in aqueous media using transition metal nitride (TMN) nanofilms. The results demonstrate the superior performance of TMNs, particularly hafnium nitride, compared to gold.
Deep Learning-based Specklegram Strain Sensor with Extended Dynamic Range
Authors: Pinto Kalef L. L. , Silva Moisés Felipe , Fujiwara Eric , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Costa João C. A. W.
Published: November 2021

A fiber s pecklegram s ensor b ased o n d eep l earning t o p redict a xial strains on a polymer optical fiber is proposed. The resultant model permits the construction of a calibration curve with extended dynamic range.
AI-Assisted Fiber Optic Traffic Monitoring Over Existing Communication Networks
Authors: Ji Philip N. , Cosatto Eric , Wang Ting
Published: November 2021

We propose and demonstrate an AI-assisted fiber optic sensing solution that can produce clear traffic information along the entire roadway in real-time using existing deployed communication fiber, enabling various cost-effective smart city applications.
Fano-resonance Biosensing through Windowed Fourier Transform
Authors: Lu Hsiao-Yen , Lu Cheng-Lun , Chang Yang-Min , Lai Ming-Wei , Hsu Shih-Hsiang
Published: November 2021

The fano-resonance biosensor is formed through the phase variation of microcavity- resonator-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometers. After windowed Fourier transform, the biological phase sensitivity could be effectively enhanced and theoretically demonstrate the limit of detection as 10-7 refractive-index-units.
A compact sound wave detection based on a fiber ball-lens resonator
Authors: Kim Hansol , Jeong Yoonchan
Published: November 2021

We present an all-fiberized ball-lens resonator-based reflectometer sensor that detects sound waves with high sensitivity, which is based on the coupling between the whispering gallery mode formed within the ball-lens and sound waves.
An Investigation of Fidelity Regions in the Dual-pulse -OTDR Systems
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed Kaan , Uyar Faruk , Kartaloglu Tolga , Ozdur Ibrahim , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: November 2021

The dual-pulse interrogation enables the phase extraction from the intensity of the back- reflection signal in -OTDR systems. We investigate the high and low fidelity regions in the back-reflected signal by analyzing the system response to external disturbances.
Ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic biosensor based on excitation of multipolar plasmonic modes
Authors: Felix-Rendon Ulises , Berini Pierre , De Leon Israel
Published: November 2021

A novel nanoplasmonic sensor based on the excitation of multipolar plasmonic modes in a nanoslit is presented. The sensing performance estimated shows an improvement of at least one order of magnitude respect to similar architectures.
Tracking using Surface Plasmon Leakage Radiation Speckle
Authors: Berk Joel , Paterson Carl , Foreman Matthew R.
Published: November 2021

An approach capable of label-free sensing and tracking of single nanoscale particles using interference between light scattered from the particle and a plasmon leakage radiation speckle field is introduced. Simulations show nanometre level tracking accuracy.
Improved Sensitivity of Subwavelength Silicon Gratings for Protein Detection
Authors: Finco Giovanni , Bideskan Mehri Ziaee , Beliaev Leonid , Malureanu Radu , Lindvold Lars René , Takayama Osamu , Andersen Peter E. , Lavrinenko Andrei V.
Published: November 2021

We consider optimized configurations of high-contrast one-dimensional sub- wavelength gratings as label-free biosensors for proteins detection. Parameters of the sen- sors, in particular sensitivity, are improved in comparison with the basic design. Modeling was done by three numerical methods providing required reproducibility and convergence.
Spatial Resolution Analysis of Dual-Pulse -OTDR Systems
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed Kaan , Uyar Faruk , Kartaloglu Tolga , Ozbay Ekmel , Ozdur Ibrahim
Published: November 2021

This work analyzes the spatial resolution of the dual-pulse -OTDR systems by changing the dual-pulse parameters and demonstrates that the spatial resolution corresponds to half of the fiber region occupied by the dual-pulse train.
New interest for deskew filter post-processing algorithm in long range dynamic & coherent OFDR measurements
Authors: Arpison Guillaume , Kemlin Vincent , Peigne Arnaud , Lacot Eric
Published: November 2021

Dynamic phase OFDR measurements have been performed up to 8 km by combining a specific tunable laser and an optimized deskew filter post-processing based on a short auxiliary interferometer operated in the coherent regime.
Quantum Sensing of Photonic Spin Density Using a Single Spin Qubit
Authors: Kalhor Farid , Yang Li-Ping , Bauer Leif , Opondo Noah F , Bhave Sunil , Jacob Zubin
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate that a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be used as a quantum sensor for detecting photonic spin density (PSD). The direct detection of PSD at the nanoscale opens a new frontier for studying exotic phases of photons as well as future on-chip applications.
32×32 SPAD camera for 2D photon-counting and 3D time-of-flight ranging
Authors: Cusini Iris , Pasquinelli Klaus , Conca Enrico , Villa Federica
Published: November 2021

We present the development and characterization of a camera system based on an improved version of a previously developed 32×32 SPADs and TDCs array, with extended duty cycle (80%) and enhanced single-shot precision (175ps rms).
Mid-infrared balanced detector for characterization of quantum light
Authors: Gabbrielli Tecla , Cappelli Francesco , Bruno Natalia , Corrias Nicola , Borri Simone , De Natale Paolo , Zavatta Alessandro
Published: November 2021

We present a novel shot-noise-limited balanced-homodyne detector operating in the mid-infrared useful for revealing possible non-classicality in quantum cascade lasers emission. We will give a view to quantum-technologies applications such as free-space quantum communication.
Functionalization of silicon surfaces with small molecule bioreceptors to enable fieldable biosensing
Authors: Liu Sanchao , Ren Xiaoming , Coppock Matthew
Published: November 2021

We present our work of a surface modification method to universally incorporate molecular bioreceptors onto silicon surfaces through azidation and a Cu-free click reaction. The method is exemplified against streptavidin with biotin as the receptor.
Fluidics Integrated Silicon Photonics Based Continuous Monitoring of Electrolyte Concentration in a Flow-channel
Authors: Kalathimekkad Sandeep , Keloth Akshay , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: November 2021

We report continuous electrolyte concentration measurement along a flow-channel using ring-loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer in SOI platform. We also present the effect of hydrogen peroxide on the electrolyte concentration. The measured concentration shows excellent agreement with the Abbe refractometer.
Study of Minimum Mean Square Error Optimal Equalizers for 50Gbit/s High Speed Passive Optical Networks
Authors: Sampaio Flávio André Nogueira , Genay Naveena , Pincemin Erwan , Le Bidan Raphaël , Jaouen Yves , Bourgart Fabrice
Published: November 2021

We evaluated here the positive impact of MMSE equalizers on 50Gbit/s HS-PONs. Thanks to numerical simulations, we show that MMSE-LE and DFE allows to reach appreciable optical budget of 29dB for pre-FEC BER of 10–2.
The SSII Cancellation for OFDMA-PON with Hierarchical Modulation
Authors: Feng Nan , Lian Bin
Published: November 2021

This paper reports the nonlinear iterative subcarrier-to-subcarrier-interference cancellation to IM/DD OFDMA-PON with hierarchical modulation. Simulation exhibits the effectiveness of the SSII cancellation and the feasibility of HM by providing different power ratios.
Power efficient communication employing phase sensitive pre-amplified receiver
Authors: Kakarla Ravikiran , Mazur Mikael , Schroeder Jochen , Andrekson Peter
Published: November 2021

We show that a simple Quadrature phase shift keying modulation with a phase-sensitive pre-amplified coherent receiver is the most sensitive coherent solution, outperforming well-known power efficient multi-dimensional modulation formats with coherent detection.
All-Fiber Spatial-Mode Converter through Voltage- Controlled Expander
Authors: Zhao Tianfeng , Wen Feng , Fan Feng , Wu Baojian , Qiu Kun
Published: November 2021

We propose a novel all-fiber spatial-mode converter through a three-mode fiber-based voltage-controlled expander, enabling the mode conversion happening within the intra-mode group, i.e. LP11a and LP11b in the experiment with the efficiency of 99.2%.
All-optical Amplitude Regeneration of QPSK signals through Optical Parametric Process in a Nonlinear SOA
Authors: Shao Long , Sun Fan , Wen Feng , Yang Yinke , Yang Feng , Wu Baojian , Ling Yun , Qiu Kun
Published: November 2021

All-optical amplitude regeneration of QPSK signals is experimentally investigated in a single nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifier through optical parametric amplification process, enabling the total 3.2dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement.
Optical data transmission with high spectral efficiency at 44Terabits/s with a soliton crystal micro-comb
Authors: Tan M. , Corcoran B. , Xu X. , Wu J. , Boes A. , Nguyen T. , Chu S. , Little B. , Morandotti R. , Mitchell A. , Moss D. J.
Published: November 2021

We report data transmission over 75km in the lab and a field trial, at 44.2 Tb/s over standard optical fibre using a single integrated chip source, reaching a spectral efficiency of 10.4 bits/s/Hz.
DSP-based Reduction of the Impact of White ADC Timing Jitter on Hybrid OFDM-DFMA PONs
Authors: Gonem Omaro Fawzi Abdelhamid , Giddings Roger Philip , Tang Jianming
Published: November 2021

We show that in hybrid OFDM-DFMA PONs, simple receiver-based sideband processing reduces jitter effects, increasing signal to noise ratio by 3dB, thus increasing robustness against white ADC timing jitter and reducing jitter-induced optical power penalty.
Spectral Spacing Estimation using Fuzzy Logic and KNN algorithms in Gridless Nyquist-WDM Systems
Authors: Pérez Alejandro Escobar , González Neil Guerrero , Ralph Stephen E. , Granada Torres Jhon J.
Published: November 2021

We propose a method for spectral spacing estimation in gridless optical networks using fuzzy logic for feature extraction and the KNN algorithm for prediction. It was experimentally verified in a 332 Gbd 16-QAM Nyquist-WDM system.
Multi-dimensional Short Blocklength Probabilistic Shaping for Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing Systems
Authors: Amari Abdelkerim , Richter André
Published: November 2021

We propose multi-dimensional short blocklength probabilistic shaping to in- crease the nonlinear tolerance gain in digital subcarrier multiplexing transmission systems and demonstrate an improvement in performance compared to lower dimensional formats.
Concatenated Non-Binary Coding with 4D Constellation Shaping for High-Throughput Fiber-Optic Communication
Authors: Stern Sebastian , Barakatain Masoud , Frey Felix , Fischer Johannes K. , Fischer Robert F.H.
Published: November 2021

Concatenated non-binary coding suitable for next-generation fiber-optic systems is studied. The scheme is particularly designed for shaped 4D constellations enabling significant SNR gains over conventional dual-polarized QAM schemes.
Naive Bayesian-Based Augmented Spatial Modulation (ASM) for VLC Systems
Authors: Khadr Monette H. , Elgala Hany
Published: November 2021

A machine learning (ML) based receiver for augmented spatial modulation (ASM) is constructed using a Naive-Bayesian classifier. The proposed approach reduces the system’s complexity. Its performance is compared with other eminent ML techniques.
Performance Evaluation of High-Capacity RTD Transmitters for THz Microscale Applications
Authors: da Nobrega Rafael V. T. , Raddo Thiago R. , Duarte Ulysses R. , Sanches Anderson L. , Neto Luiz A. , Glesk Ivan , Loiola Murilo B.
Published: November 2021

This work addresses a transmitter based on a RTD oscillator operating at 1.03 THz supporting output power and capacity as high as 0.84 mW and 0.15 Tb/s whilst achieving a 7- meter THz link reach.
Multiple-to-Multiple Oriented Frequency Dissemination in RoF Loop Link by Optical Carrier Wavelength Tuning
Authors: Jiang Zhongze , Yin Feifei , Dai Yitang , Xu Kun
Published: November 2021

A flexible frequency dissemination scheme is proposed. Frequency signal can be injected from arbitrary point along the RoF loop link and recovered at other intermediate sites. Multiple-to-multiple frequency dissemination network can be expected.
Demonstration of an Integrated Optical Equalizer for Direct Detection Links
Authors: Sidhique Aboobackkar , Chugh Shivangi , Singh Anamika , Gupta Shalabh
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate an on-chip optical equalizer for direct detection links. The proposed equalizer is experimentally shown to mitigate inter-symbol-interference for non- return-to-zero 28 Gbps transmission.
High extinction microwave photonic bandpass filter exploiting interference between orthogonally polarized Brillouin gain resonances
Authors: Varun M K , Pant Ravi
Published: November 2021

We present a microwave photonic bandpass filter with 52dB out-of-band re- jection exploiting interference between orthogonally polarized Brillouin gain resonances. Signal recovery in the presence of an interferer at 500MHz from signal is demonstrated.
Slow Light Enabled Temporal Frequency Discriminator
Authors: Kadum Jaffar Emad , Misra Arijit , Das Ranjan , Schneider Thomas
Published: November 2021

We report an adaptive spectrum sensing technique based on the group delay induced by Brillouin scattering in optical fiber. Temporal discrimination of a two-tone signal is illustrated, and a resolution of 60 MHz is demonstrated.
The impact of aqueous and N-hexane extracts of three Fabaceae species on seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Ehsan , Wang Xiukang , Abbas Mudasar , Ozaslan Cumali , Asif Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Zuan Ali Tan Kee , Wang Wenqiang , Gasparovic Kristina , Nasif Omaima , Ansari Mohammad Javed
Published: November 2021

Weed infestation is a persistent problem for centuries and continues to be major yield reducing issue in modern agriculture. Chemical weed control through herbicides results in numerous ecological, environmental, and health-related issues. Moreover, numerous herbicides have evolved resistance against available herbicides. Plant extracts are regarded as an alternative to herbicides and a good weed management option. The use of plant extracts is environmentally safe and could solve the problem of herbicide resistance. Therefore, laboratory and wire house experiments were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of three Fabaceae species, i.e.,Cassia occidentalisL. (Coffee senna),Sesbania sesban(L.) Merr. (Common sesban) andMelilotus albaMedik. (White sweetclover) against seed germination and seedling growth of some broadleaved weed species. Firstly, N-hexane and aqueous extracts of these species were assessed for their phytotoxic effect against lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.). The extracts found more potent were further tested against germination and seedling growth of four broadleaved weed species, i.e.,Parthenium hysterophorusL. (Santa-Maria),Trianthema portulacastrumL. (Pigweed),Melilotus indicaL (Indian sweetclover). andRumex dentatusL. (Toothed dock) in Petri dish and pot experiments. Aqueous extracts of all species were more toxic than their N-hexane forms for seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce; therefore, aqueous extracts were assessed for their phytotoxic potential against four broadleaved weed species. Aqueous extracts of all species proved phytotoxic againstT.portulacastrum,P.hysterophorus,M.indicaandR.dentatusand retarder their germination by 57, 90, 100 and 58%, respectively. Nevertheless, foliar spray ofC.occidentalisextract was the most effective againstT.portulacastrumas it reduced its dry biomass by 72%, whileM.albawas effective againstP.hysterophorus,R.dentatusandM.indicaand reduced their dry biomass by 55, 68 and 81%, respectively. It is concluded that aqueous extracts ofM.alba,S.sesbanandC.occidentaliscould be used to retard seed germination ofT.portulacastrum,P.hysterophorus,M.indicaandR.dentatus. Similarly, aqueous extracts ofC.occidentaliscan be used to suppress dry biomass ofT.portulacastrum, and those ofM.albaagainstP.hysterophorus,R.dentatus. However, use of these extracts needs their thorough testing under field conditions.
Development of an agar-plug cultivation system for bioactivity assays of actinomycete strain collections
Authors: Ortlieb Nico , Klenk Elke , Kulik Andreas , Niedermeyer Timo Horst Johannes
Published: November 2021

Natural products are an important source of lead compounds for the development of drug substances. Actinomycetes have been valuable especially for the discovery of antibiotics. Increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has revived the interest in actinomycete natural product research. Actinobacteria produce a different set of natural products when cultivated on solid growth media compared with submersed culture. Bioactivity assays involving solid media (e.g. agar-plug assays) require manual manipulation of the strains and agar plugs. This is less convenient for the screening of larger strain collections of several hundred or thousand strains. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a 96-well microplate-based system suitable for the screening of actinomycete strain collections in agar-plug assays. We developed a medium-throughput cultivation and agar-plug assay workflow that allows the convenient inoculation of solid agar plugs with actinomycete spore suspensions from a strain collection, and the transfer of the agar plugs to petri dishes to conduct agar-plug bioactivity assays. The development steps as well as the challenges that were overcome during the development (e.g. system sterility, handling of the agar plugs) are described. We present the results from one exemplary screening campaign targeted to identify compounds inhibiting Agr-based quorum sensing where the workflow was used successfully. We present a novel and convenient workflow to combine agar diffusion assays with microtiter-plate-based cultivation systems in which strains can grow on a solid surface. This workflow facilitates and speeds up the initial medium throughput screening of natural product-producing actinomycete strain collections against monitor strains in agar-plug assays.
Dynamic reflections of multidimensional health poverty in Pakistan
Authors: Mustafa Kiran , Nosheen Misbah , Khan Atta Ullah
Published: November 2021

The recent methodological development has entirely shifted the identification of poor in the multidimensional spectrum; thereby addressing the multiple health spheres. The present research primarily examines the dynamics of multidimensional health poverty on the basis of HIES & PSLM nationwide survey data from 2013–14 to 2018–19. The study employed Alkire & Foster Alkire, S (2007) Multidimensional Poverty Index to estimate the seven distinct dimensions of health aspects to identify the poor. The results of health poverty demonstrate a declining trend over time at national, provincial and regional level in Pakistan. Interestingly, the regional statistics indicated the poverty as a rural phenomenon of Pakistan. Comparative measures of provinces reveal that Baluchistan has been a severe victim of health poverty at overall as well as regional level during the study period. The population decomposition elaborates that individuals residing in two most populated provinces Punjab & Sindh, were the major contributor to overall profile of health poverty. Findings of dimensional decomposition exposes that five key dimensions i.e. use of health services, quality of health services, maternal health, child health and malnutrition have contributed to the overall profile of multidimensional health poverty.
Determinants of improvement trends in health workers’ compliance with outpatient malaria case-management guidelines at health facilities with available “test and treat” commodities in Kenya
Authors: Amboko Beatrice , Stepniewska Kasia , Malla Lucas , Machini Beatrice , Bejon Philip , Snow Robert W. , Zurovac Dejan
Published: November 2021

Background

Health workers’ compliance with outpatient malaria case-management guidelines has been improving in Africa. This study examined the factors associated with the improvements.

Methods

Data from 11 national, cross-sectional health facility surveys undertaken from 2010–2016 were analysed. Association between 31 determinants and improvement trends in five outpatient compliance outcomes were examined using interactions between each determinant and time in multilevel logistic regression models and reported as an adjusted odds ratio of annual trends (T-aOR).

Results

Among 9,173 febrile patients seen at 1,208 health facilities and by 1,538 health workers, a higher annual improvement trend in composite “test and treat” performance was associated with malaria endemicity-lake endemic (T-aOR = 1.67 annually; p<0.001) and highland epidemic (T-aOR = 1.35; p<0.001) zones compared to low-risk zone; with facilities stocking rapid diagnostic tests only (T-aOR = 1.49; p<0.001) compared to microscopy only services; with faith-based/non-governmental facilities compared to government-owned (T-aOR = 1.15; p = 0.036); with a daily caseload of >25 febrile patients (T-aOR = 1.46; p = 0.003); and with under-five children compared to older patients (T-aOR = 1.07; p = 0.013). Other factors associated with the improvement trends in the “test and treat” policy components and artemether-lumefantrine administration at the facility included the absence of previous RDT stock-outs, community health workers dispensing drugs, access to malaria case-management and Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, health workers’ gender, correct health workers’ knowledge about the targeted malaria treatment policy, and patients’ main complaint of fever. The odds of compliance at the baseline were variable for some of the factors.

Conclusions

Targeting of low malaria risk areas, low caseload facilities, male and government health workers, continuous availability of RDTs, improving health workers’ knowledge about the policy considering age and fever, and dissemination of guidelines might improve compliance with malaria guidelines. For prompt treatment and administration of the first artemether-lumefantrine dose at the facility, task-shifting duties to community health workers can be considered.
National variability in Americans’ COVID-19 protective behaviors: Implications for vaccine roll-out
Authors: Schneider John A. , Taylor Bruce G. , Hotton Anna L. , Lamuda Phoebe A. , Ozik Jonathan , Lin Qinyun , Flanagan Elizabeth , Tuyet Pho Mai , Kolak Marynia , Brewer Russell , Pagkas-Bather Jade , Pollack Harold A.
Published: November 2021

Protective behaviors such as mask wearing and physical distancing are critical to slow the spread of COVID-19, even in the context of vaccine scale-up. Understanding the variation in self-reported COVID-19 protective behaviors is critical to developing public health messaging. The purpose of the study is to provide nationally representative estimates of five self-reported COVID-19 protective behaviors and correlates of such behaviors. In this cross-sectional survey study of US adults, surveys were administered via internet and telephone. Adults were surveyed from April 30-May 4, 2020, a time of peaking COVID-19 incidence within the US. Participants were recruited from the probability-based AmeriSpeak® national panel. Brief surveys were completed by 994 adults, with 73.0% of respondents reported mask wearing, 82.7% reported physical distancing, 75.1% reported crowd avoidance, 89.8% reported increased hand-washing, and 7.7% reported having prior COVID-19 testing. Multivariate analysis (p critical value .05) indicates that women were more likely to report protective behaviors than men, as were those over age 60. Respondents who self-identified as having low incomes, histories of criminal justice involvement, and Republican Party affiliation, were less likely to report four protective behaviors, though Republicans and individuals with criminal justice histories were more likely to report having received COVID-19 testing. The majority of Americans engaged in COVID-19 protective behaviors, with low-income Americans, those with histories of criminal justice involvement, and self-identified Republicans less likely to engage in these preventive behaviors. Culturally competent public health messaging and interventions might focus on these latter groups to prevent future infections. These findings will remain highly relevant even with vaccines widely available, given the complementarities between vaccines and protective behaviors, as well as the many challenges in delivering vaccines.