bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of crop intensity of soybean-cassava intercropping on storage capacity of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) seeds
Authors: Pramono Eko , Syamsoel Hadi Muhammad , Kamal Muhammad , Setiawan Kukuh
Published: February 2025

Providing of high qualified soybean seeds with minimum germination capacity of 80% to increase soybean production, apart from being largely determined by quantity of seed produced, it is also determined by its storage capacity. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of crop intensity of soybean-cassava intercropping on the storage capacity of soybean seeds, both in non-air-conditioned storage room with temperature of ±26 °C and air-conditioned storage room with temperature of ±18 °C. Six levels of crop intensity of soybean-cassava intercropping, namely 100%, 134%, 145%, 147%, 156%, and 164% were implemented in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 5 blocks. The sixth soybean seed lots that harvested from the different experimental plots were packed in plastic bags and stored for 10 months in that storage room. Vigor of storage capacity was measured every two months for up to 10 months. The result showed that soybean seed lots obtained from the soybean-cassava inter cropping with crop intensity of 100-164% had a similar storage capacity in air-conditioned storage room, but there was different storage capacity among the seed lots in the non-air-conditioned storage room. Storing the seed lots under temperature of ±26 °C, the storage capacity of soybean seed lot of the intercropping with crop intensity of 164% was not different from those of monocropping.
Stomatal behavior supporting growth and yield of various vegetables by various sources of hydroponic nutrient
Authors: Saparso  , Bachtiar Musthafa Muhammad , Adi Pratama Rama , Catur Prahanda Hilman
Published: February 2025

Nutrients in NFT hydroponic are very crucial because plant roots grow in a shallow layer circulating water, nutrients and oxygen for plants. Commonly, the nutrient used in hydroponic is AB mix. Compound fertilizers contain nutrients needed by plants, but until now these fertilizers have not been used as a solution for hydroponic cultivation. From an economic perspective, compound fertilizer may be cheaper than using AB mix fertilizer. This research aims was to show the influence of various hydroponic nutrient sources on stomatal behavior that affects growth and yield of various vegetables. The design used was a split plot design. The main-plot was the type of nutrient used in the NFT hydroponic system, namely AB mix, NPK 15:15:15, and Hyponex. The sub-plot are plants used in the hydroponic cultivation of the NFT system, kangkong, lettuce, and pak choy. The implementation of this research is that compound fertilizer can be used as an alternative type of solution for cultivation in NFT hydroponics. The variables observed in this study are stomatal density, stomatal openings, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh plant weight, and leaf greenness. The type of hydroponic nutrients causes differences in stomatal behavior in the form of stomatal density and stomatal openings in the three types of vegetables. Meanwhile, stomatal behavior in the form of stomata density affects plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. While stomatal behavior in the form of stomata openings affects plant height and number of leaves.
Can photosynthesis rate and transpiration rates, and shoot dry matter distribution be selection indicator for early harvest cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranzt)?
Authors: Setiawan Kukuh , Hadi Muhammad Syamsoel , Widiawati Amirah Inas , Kamal Muhammad , Ardian Ardian , Karyanto Agus , Pramono Eko , Hapsoro Dwi
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is one of the big 5th for cassava production in the world after Ghana approximately 18.3 million ton in 2023. Moreover, Lampung is one of the biggest cassava areas around 224,000 ha with cassava production of 5.4 million ton or around 24 ton ha-1. The potential yield of cassava could be achieved up to 30 ton ha-1. One of the main problems for yield reduction was early harvested cassava of 5-6 months after planting (MAP). To cove with this main problem was to introduce early harvest cassava clone. Early harvest cassava clone was frequently described according to agronomy characters. It means that the use of physiological characters to determine early maturity clone is still rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiology and shoot dry matter distribution to be a promising indicator for determining early harvest cassava clone. The treatment was arranged by single factor in completely randomized block design with three reps. The single factors were two cassava clones as UJ5 and local Waxy. UJ5 clone was commonly planted in Lampung province which was previously selected from Kasetsat, Thailand material. Local Waxy clone was newly introduced from Thailand, already planted and selected for six years in Lampung). The result showed that photosynthesis rate of local Waxy was higher than UJ5 at 6 MAP. Interestingly, photosynthesis rate of local Waxy was lower than UJ5 at 9 MAP. This condition was the same as transpiration rate of both local Waxy and UJ5 clones. Moreover, high assimilate production as source of local Waxy showed higher than UJ5 led to higher yield of local Waxy. It seems that local Waxy could be determined as early harvest cassava clone through variables of photosynthesis rate and dry matter distribution.
Rice Quality of Green Super Rice (GSR) Lines and Ciherang Variety at Moisture Contents of Paddy
Authors: Agung Ferdian Aditya , Suwarto  , Riyanto Agus
Published: February 2025

The moisture content of paddy is an important factor that determines the quality of rice produced from milling. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of moisture content of paddy on the physical quality of GSR Unsoed rice line and Ciherang variety, to identify differences in the physical quality response of paddy between GSR Unsoed line and Ciherang variety at various moisture contents of paddy, and to determine the optimal moisture content of paddy. This research used a Randomized Block Design. The factor studied was the moisture content of paddy, which consisted of 3 levels (15%, 14%, and 13%), and the types of varieties/lines used consisted of 2 levels (GSR Unsoed line and Ciherang variety). This resulted in 6 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The components of quality observed included head rice, broken rice, brewers rice, yellow rice, chalky rice, grains, milled rice yield. The results of the study showed that various moisture contents of paddy did not significantly affect the rice quality of GSR Unsoed. Meanwhile, Ciherang variety showed that various moisture contents of paddy affected the rice quality, especially head rice, broken rice, and brewers rice at moisture content of 13%.
Development of TopMC 1.0 for nuclear technology applications
Authors: Chen Shanqi , Wu Bin , Dong Zhengyun , Zhou Shaoheng , Sun Guangyao , He Li , Yao Dong , Yu Shengpeng , Gan Quan , Hao Lijuan , Song Jing , Long Pengcheng , Li Yazhou , Jiang Jieqiong , Wang Fang , Hu Liqin , Wu Yican ,   FDS Consortium
Published: February 2025

Particle transport plays an important role in nuclear technology applications. As a generalized methodology, Monte Carlo is widely employed for particle transport. We investigated several key difficulties in the field, specifically addressing aspects like voxel modeling, coupled photon-electron transportation, and advanced pulse height tallying methodologies. We have developed some essential technologies to enhance the capabilities of the Multi-functional Program for Neutronics Calculation, Nuclear Design and Safety Evaluation (TopMC). This contribution presents the progress in TopMC’s R&D, including the voxel model establishment based on medical image data and fast particle tracking method, an electron transport mechanism grounded in the condensed history approach, and a variance reduction strategy to improve the efficiency of pulse height tallies. Moreover, a series of applications in the nuclear technology field were used to validate and verify TopMC, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency. TopMC can be applied in particle transport of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), nuclear logging, gamma radiation detection systems, electron accelerator, etc.
Analysis of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Mathematics Education Students in Practice Learning Mathematics and Science Using STEAM Approach
Authors: Maharani Wayan , Julie Hongki
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) of Mathematics Education students who took the Micro Teaching course in the 2023/2024 academic year in learning practices for Mathematics and Science materials in junior high schools using the STEAM approach. The type of research used in this study is the Cobb and Gravemeijer model design research. The subjects of this research were 19 students of the Mathematics Education study program who took the Micro Teaching course in class C. Data were collected through observations of the learning practices carried out by the students. The results of the study showed that (1) the PCK of students was mostly in the moderate category, (2) the abilities that had been mastered well by students were creating and presenting contextual problems that connected mathematics and science, and (3) the abilities that students did not yet have were the ability to guide students in solving problems, overcoming student difficulties, and making conclusions.
Ethnomatematics Study on Ikat Woven Fabric of The Kwatek Lamalera
Authors: Lyany Elisabeth Gunu , Julie Hongki
Published: February 2025

Ethnomathematics is a mathematical activity that grows and develops in a culture and customs in a particular region. The purpose of this research is to examine the deepest fundamental activities in the ikat woven fabric of the Kwatek Lamalera based on the fundamental activities proposed by Bishop, namely counting, locating, measuring, designing, playing, explaining. This research used a qualitative research method with an ethnographic approach and The data collection method used were observation and interviews with several weavers in Lamalera Village. The data of this research will be divided into four classes, namely: (1) history and development; (2) manufacturing process; (3) motif; and (4) philosophical meaning. The results showed that the activities of counting and explaining were found in all classes, while the activities of measuring and locating were found in the first, second, and fourth classes. In addition, playing activities were found in the second and fourth classes, and designing activities were found in the second classes.
Numerical Investigation of β-Amyloid Aggregation Process In Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wibowo Zefanya Putri Rida , Budiasih Lusia Krismiyati
Published: February 2025

The process of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease can be represented by a mathematical model. The model is built based on several groups representing the concentrations of a number of monomer and the concentration of oligomer, which is presented as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the extinction and interior equilibrium point are also determined. The model will be solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and it is shown that the solution will lead to the equilibrium point obtained. Some numerical investigations are done by analyzing the effect of monomer number that occur. It can be concluded that the greater the number of monomers considered, the lower the concentration of oligomers, so that it can reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, for the greater capacity of the Aβ protein, the faster monomers aggregation process occurs.
Application of the XGBoost Algorithm for Predicting the Target Effective Temperature in Closed Broiler Chicken Cage
Authors: Hartono
Published: February 2025

Broiler chickens are a breed known for their rapid growth, typically reaching maturity in just 4-5 weeks. This growth is influenced by various factors, with cage management playing a significant role. One key factor in cage management is maintaining an optimal target temperature, which is determined by combining measurements of ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed. This article examines how the XGBoost algorithm can be used to predict the target effective temperature in closed-house broiler chicken systems. The goal is to develop a predictive network model with high accuracy, enabling the regulation of cage conditions to ensure the chickens’ comfort. The study findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively models target temperatures, aiding in the management of cage conditions.
Description and use of Schellencandona rhodanensis sp. n. (Ostracoda, Candoninae) to locate groundwater upwelling zones in rivers and wetlands
Authors: Issartel Colin , Marmonier Pierre
Published: February 2025

Hydrological exchanges between rivers and groundwater are essential for many ecosystem processes: identifying their location requires a set of physical, chemical and biological indicators. Here, we describe Schellencandona rhodanensis sp. n. (Ostracoda, Candoninae), a species highly sensitive to hydrologic exchanges in river sediment. The new species is close to Schellencandona triquetra (Klie, 1936), but mainly differs in the shapes of the female genital lobe and the male hemipenis. The species is described from the Rhône River watershed, where it occurs in at least five tributaries. It is a stygobite species (i.e. a groundwater specialist), occurring in both the main channel and associated wetlands, with a maximum abundance at depth of about 1 m below the sediment surface. While S. triquetra is collected in a wide range of groundwater habitats, S. rhodanensis sp. n. is mostly restricted to river interstitial habitats fed by groundwater. It can be used as a biological indicator of interstitial habitat stability and to locate groundwater upwellings in river bed sediment.
Les réseaux d’observation et de surveillance de l’environnement, chantier pour les sciences humaines et sociales
Authors: Boudia Soraya , Herran Nestor
Published: February 2025

Une journée d’études a eu lieu à Paris en juin 2022 pour analyser les enjeux, les dynamiques et les tensions à l’œuvre dans la genèse, le déploiement et le fonctionnement des réseaux de surveillance de l’environnement. Cette rencontre interdisciplinaire, qui a réuni des chercheurs en sciences naturelles et en sciences humaines et sociales, a permis d’explorer plusieurs questions, en structurant les échanges autour de quatre volets : la caractérisation de la surveillance environnementale à partir d’une perspective historique, les effets sociaux de la matérialité des infrastructures, les rapports entre la surveillance et l’action publique sur les risques et, enfin, les approches citoyennes et participatives dans ces pratiques. La synthèse de la journée, présentée en conclusion, a permis de dégager des pistes pour des recherches interdisciplinaires qui sont désormais investies dans le cadre du projet RISC (Risques et sociétés à l’ère des changements environnementaux globaux : enjeux, savoirs et politiques), un projet transversal du programme Risques (IRiMa − Gestion intégrée des risques pour des sociétés plus résilientes à l’ère des changements globaux). RISC a pour ambition de contribuer à répondre à un ensemble de défis posés par les changements planétaires en cours qui exposent les sociétés humaines à une augmentation sans précédent des risques et des catastrophes liés à la combinaison des impacts du dérèglement climatique avec les activités humaines.
Vaginal-operative Birth
Authors: Jakubowski Peter , Abele Harald , Bamberg Christian , Bogner Gerhard , Desery Katharina , Fazelnia Claudius , Hamza Amr Sherif , Heihoff-Klose Anne , Janning Luise , Kimmich Nina , Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Lütje Wolf , Reister Frank , Reitter Anke , Seeger Sven , Seehafer Peggy , Springer Laila , Wallwiener Stephanie , Jückstock Julia
Published: February 2025

Purpose This is an official guideline issued by the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (ÖGGG) and the Swiss Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The guideline aims to provide guidance and support for indication-based decisions in the context of vaginal-operative deliveries and the performance of these procedures. The intention is not to provide rigid standards for vaginal-operative deliveries but to show the range within which obstetric activities correspond to the current state of scientific knowledge and current clinical practice.

Methods This S2k-guideline was developed based on the structured consensus of representative members from different medical professions who were commissioned by the guidelines program of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG.

Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on measures to avoid vaginal-operative births, the conditions in which these births should be carried out, the information provided to patients, the indications, contraindications, classifications, and choice of instruments, the procedure, antibiotic prophylaxis, complications, postnatal examinations, documentation and legal aspects, debriefing, and training and simulations.
Mit Sensibilität zum Erfolg – Stärkung von Empathie
Authors: Steinmetz Astrid
Published: February 2025

Insbesondere in der Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen, die sich nicht (mehr) verbal äußern können, spielt die nonverbale Kommunikation eine große Rolle. Essenziell dafür ist die Empathie. Wie Therapeut*innen diese Fähigkeit reflektieren, weiterentwickeln und gleichzeitig eine gesunde Distanz bewahren, um selbst emotional gelassen bleiben zu können, zeigt Dr. Astrid Steinmetz.
Reflektieren und ins Gespräch gehen – Gesunde Abgrenzung
Authors: Hawighorst Svenja
Published: February 2025

Ergotherapeut*innen erfahren in der theoretischen Ausbildung, dass professionelle Distanz, aber auch Nähe und Empathie in der Arbeit mit Klient*innen wichtig sind. In der praktischen Arbeit ist das oft nicht so einfach umzusetzen. Wo gibt die Einrichtung Einschränkungen vor? Welche Grenzen setzt man selbst, um für sich, die eigene Gesundheit und Bedürfnisse zu sorgen? Wie viel Nähe kann man bei welchen Klient*innen zulassen? Und was sind Anzeichen dafür, dass eine Grenze überschritten ist?
Effects of Mitigating Information about Negative News Using Comparative vs. Selective Processing
Authors: Koppitsch Steven E.
Published: February 2025

As consumers learn about a company’s actions, information about negative actions could impact customer purchase decisions. Of interest to firms is how customers process this information when making evaluative decisions. Two experiments explore the effect of comparative and selective processing on brand choice when participants are given negative information about company manufacturing practices to test whether the information affected product choice. The results show that participants were less focused on positive aspects of a focal product and less likely to choose it when engaging in comparative processing compared to those engaging in selective processing. Mitigating information about the negative information made participants more likely to choose the firm’s products compared to those that did not receive the mitigating information. These results provide insight as to how companies can communicate to customers to help reduce the negative impact of negative news. Public relations efforts should be designed in a way that encourages consumers to engage in comparative processing.
Writing for justice, reading for absence
Authors: Manivannan Q
Published: February 2025

Conversing with Laura Shepherd in The Self and Other Stories, this essay considers accompaniment, embodiment, expertise, and representation through a care-infused lens. I present my readings of contentions in her book, and ask what it means to view position, power, and presence in writing. Through my reading, I present Shepherd’s vulnerability as a mode of writing justice, despite its absences.
Dynamics and energy dissipation of collisional blast waves in a perpendicular magnetic field
Authors: Triantafyllidis A. , Marquès J.-R. , Benkadoum Y. , De León Y. , Ciardi A. , Béard J. , Lagarrigue J.-M. , Dearling A. , Ozaki N. , Koenig M. , Albertazzi B.
Published: February 2025

We experimentally investigate the evolution and dynamics of laser-produced collisional blast waves (BW) under the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field up to 20 T. We show that an external magnetic field causes the BW to diverge from the Taylor–Sedov solution while also impacting its structural morphology. We notably explore the significance of various magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes occurring on scales similar to the width of the BW front by comparing their characteristic lengths to it and demonstrate that the downstream plasma's transition from being super- to sub-magnetosonic plays a pivotal role in the overall structure. Our results show that multiple MHD effects can contribute to shaping a magnetized BW, illustrating the complexity of the underlying physics.
Visible cameras as a tool to study electron beam shape
Authors: Ugoletti M. , Ballage C. , Minea T. , Serianni G. , Vasilovici O. , Agostini M.
Published: February 2025

The characterization of the spatial distribution of particle trajectories, or the respective current distribution, in powerful electron beams is an important scientific and practical task necessary to improve the quality of electron beam technologies. For various applications, a small divergence is required to transport the electron beam over long distances and focus it onto a small spot. Even if one has simultaneous knowledge of accelerating voltage, beam current, focus coil current (or magnetic field), and vacuum level overall, they provide little insight into the properties of the beam itself. In this work, visible cameras are used to study the shape of the electron beam when these parameters are varied. A series of pictures are collected at different camera orientations around the beam. The light emission comes from the argon background gas interacting with the energetic electrons composing the beam. The information is used to reconstruct the two-dimensional shape of the beam using tomographic inversion.
Research on conductive polymer microneedles with adjustable dissolution rate
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Liang Yanhong , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tang Gang , Li Yuwen , Li Zhibiao
Published: February 2025

Dissolvable polymeric microneedles have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising transdermal drug delivery method due to their simple fabrication and lack of medical waste after use. However, traditional polymeric microneedles possess several notable drawbacks, including insufficient mechanical strength, difficulty in effectively penetrating the skin barrier, limited drug loading capacity affecting therapeutic outcomes, and uncontrollable drug release rates leading to unstable efficacy. In this paper, a conductive polymer microneedle with an adjustable dissolution rate is proposed. The dissolution rate of microneedles can be adjusted by controlling the current so as to control the drug release rate and realize the controlled drug release truly. The PVA-Ag and PVP-Ag lidocaine-loaded microneedles demonstrated good puncture performance and nearly complete dissolution within 10 min in a simulated body fluid environment. The dissolution rate was significantly accelerated under electrical stimulation. The microneedles showed good biocompatibility, and under the application of a 3 V voltage, the drug delivery efficiency of PVP-Ag lidocaine microneedles reached 85% within 5 min, while PVA-Ag lidocaine microneedles achieved up to 90%.
Strain-engineering spin-valley locking effect in altermagnetic monolayer with multipiezo properties
Authors: Jiang Yuqian , Zhang Xinge , Bai Haoyue , Tian Yuping , Zhang Binyuan , Gong Wei-Jiang , Kong Xiangru
Published: February 2025

Recently, altermagnetism (AM) in condensed matter systems has attracted much attention due to the physical properties arising from alternating spins in both real space and reciprocal space. In our work, we propose a stable monolayer Janus Nb2SeTeO with altermagnetic ground state and spin-valley locking (SVL) effect. The monolayer Janus Nb2SeTeO exhibits a multipiezo effect with a large out-of-plane piezoelectricity and piezovalley effect with large valley polarization. The piezovalley effect is induced by uniaxial strain effect in different directions, which contributes the anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE) observed in AM systems. Moreover, compressive uniaxial strain could induce quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in the AM system, where the dissipationless topological edge states' chirality could be manipulated by the direction of uniaxial strain. These manifest topological phase transitions could be realized via piezovalley effect in the AM system. Furthermore, the AM quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) could be induced by biaxial strain effect, which contributes quantized spin Hall conductance. Our work reveals that strain-engineering technique could serve as an important method to tune dissipationless edge states in monolayer Janus Nb2SeTeO. By designing the SVL effect, topological physics could be emerged in AM systems such as AVHE, QAHE, and QSHE.
Assessing the storage potential of seed collections to inform the management of wild species seed banks
Authors: Balasupramaniyam S. , Merritt D. J. , Hay F. R. , Dalziell E. L.
Published: February 2025

Context The storage of seed in seed banks is a primary strategy for the ex-situ conservation of plant species globally. However, changing practices have meant that institutions storing seeds for decades have often stored older collections sub-optimally for at least some of the storage time. Aims Using banked seed collections at Kings Park and Botanic Garden (Perth, Western Australia), we aimed to assess the relative future longevity of several seed lots within 10 species. These seed lots had been stored for 4–34 years. Methods We conducted germination assessments on seeds from 44 collections. We conducted a rapid ageing experiment for species with multiple accessions that retained high viability by subjecting seeds to 60% relative humidity at 45°C to determine the potential remaining longevity. Key results Several collections of Brachyscome iberidifolia, Myriocephalus gueriniae, Olearia axillaris and O. pimeleoides banked in the 1980s and 1990s displayed 0% germination. Newer collections of B. iberidifolia, Hyalosperma cotula, O. axillaris, Panaetia lessonii, Podotheca angustifolia and Trachymene pilosa retained similarly high, consistent viability over time in storage. Rapid ageing of these collections showed that the time to 50% loss of viability (p50) varied significantly and was not necessarily lowest for the oldest seed collections. Conclusions Rapidly ageing seeds enabled us to determine that several species and individual collections have lower longevity and therefore need to be prioritised for more frequent viability monitoring, use, or recollection. Implications This method could be used in wild species seed banks globally for making more informed decisions about historical and ageing seed collections.
Sex differences in alcohol and other substance use in sexual contexts among adolescents: an observational study
Authors: González-Casals Helena , Espelt Albert , Bosque-Prous Marina , Rogés Judit , Robles-Muñoz Marina , Colom Joan , Casabona Jordi , Belza María José , Folch Cinta
Published: February 2025

Background There is a co-occurrence of adolescents’ substance use and sexual practices, with an important impact on their health and health behaviours; however, limited research is conducted with adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of substance use (alcohol and/or other substances) in sexual contexts and to identify its associated factors among adolescents, comparing boys and girls. Methods Cross-sectional study with data from 6352 adolescents aged 14­­­–18 years from the DESKcohort project. Prevalence of alcohol and/or other substance use in sexual contexts (OSUSC) stratified by sex were calculated, according to axes of inequality, psychosocial factors, and sexual health and health variables. Poisson regression models with robust variance were calculated to analyse potential associations with independent variables. Results Girls (51.4% of the sample) reported a higher prevalence of alcohol use in sexual contexts than boys (43.9% vs 33.9%, P < 0.001), whereas OSUSC was reported by 12–14% of adolescents. Alcohol and/or OSUSC were associated to several risk practices, such as having multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom use, for both sexes. Also, sexual minority orientation students, natives, and students with disadvantaged socioeconomic positions (SEPs) presented higher prevalences of substance use in sexual contexts. Conclusions These findings suggest that substance use in sexual contexts reflects a broader pattern of co-occurring risky behaviours rather than intentional sexualised substance use. Some vulnerable groups include girls, adolescents with a minority sexual orientation, and students with disadvantaged SEPs. These findings underscore the need for holistic interventions targeting adolescents’ health, addressing substance use and sexual risk behaviours simultaneously to reduce potential consequences such as unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals a mixed basal, club, and hillock epithelial cell identity in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Pitzen Samuel P. , Rudenick Amber N. , Qiu Yinjie , Zhang Weijie , Munro Sarah A. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Forster Colleen , Bergom Hannah E. , Ali Atef , Boytim Ella , Lafin John T. , Linder Simon , Ismail Mazlina , Devlies Wout , Sessions Conner J. , Claessens Frank , Joniau Steven , Attard Gerhardt , Zwart Wilbert , Nelson Peter S. , Corey Eva , Wang Yuzhuo , Lang Joshua M. , Beltran Himisha , Strand Douglas , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Hwang Justin , Murugan Paari , Huang R. Stephanie , Dehm Scott M.
Published: February 2025

Inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR) is effective for treatment of advanced prostate cancers because of their AR-dependent luminal epithelial cell identity. Tumors progress during therapy to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by restoring AR signaling and maintaining luminal identity or by converting through lineage plasticity to a neuroendocrine (NE) identity or double-negative CRPC (DNPC) lacking luminal or NE identities. Here, we show that DNPC cells express genes defining basal, club, and hillock epithelial cells from benign prostate. We identified KLF5 as a regulator of genes defining this mixed basal, club, and hillock cell identity in DNPC models. KLF5-mediated upregulation of
RARG
uncovered a DNPC sensitivity to growth inhibition by retinoic acid receptor agonists, which down-regulated KLF5 and up-regulated AR. These findings offer CRPC classifications based on prostate epithelial cell identities and nominate KLF5 and RARG as therapeutic targets for CRPC displaying a mixed basal, club, and hillock identity.
The ER–PM interaction is essential for cytokinesis and recruits the actin cytoskeleton through the SCAR/WAVE complex
Authors: Xu Zhijing , Zang Jingze , Zhang Xintong , Zheng Qiwei , Li Yifan , Field Nadine , Fiserova Jindriska , Hua Bing , Qu Xiaolu , Kriechbaumer Verena , Deeks Michael J. , Hussey Patrick J. , Wang Pengwei
Published: February 2025

Plant cytokinesis requires coordination between the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and membranes to guide division plane formation and cell plate expansion; how these regulatory factors are coordinated remains unknown. The actin cytoskeleton assembly is controlled by several actin nucleation factors, such as the SCAR/WAVE complex, which regulates actin nucleation and branching through the activation of the ARP2/3 complex. The activity of these actin regulatory proteins is likely influenced by interactions with specific membranes; however, the molecular basis and the biological relevance of SCAR–membrane interactions are also unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the ER–PM tethering protein VAP27-1 directly interacts with SCAR2 at the ER membrane and that they colocalize to guide cell plate orientation during cell division. In the root meristem, both VAP27-1 and SCAR2 exhibit polarized localization at the cell plates, where the interaction between ER and PM is abundant. VAP27-1 recruits SCAR2 to the cell division plane, where there is a high concentration of actin filaments. In the
vap27-1346
mutant, the densities of cortical ER, SCAR2, and consequently actin filaments are significantly reduced at the cell division plane, affecting cell plate orientation, cell division, and root development. A similar phenomenon is also observed in the
scar1234
mutant, suggesting that VAP27 and SCAR proteins regulate cell division through a similar pathway. In conclusion, our data reveal a plant-specific function of VAP27-regulated ER–PM interaction and advance our understanding of plant ER–PM contact site and its role in cell division.
tRNA selectivity during ribosome-associated quality control regulates the critical sterility-inducing temperature in two-line hybrid rice
Authors: Zhou Can , Liu Chunyan , Yan Bin , Sun Jing , Li Shengdong , Li Ji , Wang Jia , Huang Xiahe , Yan Wei , Yang Shuying , Fu Chenjian , Qin Peng , Fu Xingxue , Zhao Xinghui , Wu Yaxian , Song Xianwei , Wang Yingchun , Qian Wenfeng , Yang Yuanzhu , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

The two-line hybrid rice system, a cutting-edge hybrid rice breeding technology, has greatly boosted global food security. In thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines, the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT; the temperature at which TGMS lines change from male fertile to complete male sterile) acts as a key threshold. We recently uncovered that
thermo-sensitive genic male sterility 5
(
tms5
), a sterile locus presenting in over 95% of TGMS lines, leads to the overaccumulation of 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (cP)-ΔCCA-tRNAs and a deficiency of mature tRNAs, which underlies the molecular mechanism of
tms5
-mediated TGMS. However, there are a few reports on the regulatory mechanism controlling CSIT. Here, we identified a suppressor of
tms5
, an amino acid substitution (T552I) in the rice Rqc2 (ribosome-associated quality control 2), increases the CSIT in
tms5
lines through its C-terminal alanine and threonine modification (CATylation) activity. This substitution alters tRNA selectivity, leading to the recruitment of different tRNAs to the A-site of ribosome and CATylation rate by OsRqc2 during ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), a process that rescues stalled ribosomes and degrades abnormal nascent chains during translational elongation. Further, the mutation restores the levels of mature tRNA-Ser/Ile to increase the CSIT of
tms5
lines. Our findings reveal the origin of overaccumulated cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs in
tms5
lines, further deepening our understanding of the regulatory network in governing CSIT of TGMS lines containing
tms5.
The canonical RPA complex interacts with Est3 to regulate yeast telomerase activity
Authors: Moeller-McCoy Corinne A. , Wieser Thomas A. , Lubin Johnathan W. , Gillespie Abigail E. , Ramirez Jocelyn A. , Paschini Margherita , Wuttke Deborah S. , Lundblad Victoria
Published: February 2025

In most eukaryotic organisms, cells that rely on continuous cell division employ the enzyme telomerase which replenishes chromosome termini through the addition of telomeric repeats. In budding yeast, the telomerase holoenzyme is composed of a catalytic core associated with two regulatory subunits, Est1 and Est3. The Est1 protein binds a telomere-specific RPA-like complex to recruit telomerase to chromosome ends. However, the regulatory function of the Est3 subunit has remained elusive. We report here that an interaction between Est3 and the canonical RPA complex is required for in vivo telomerase function, as revealed by mutations in
RPA2
that confer an Est (Ever shorter telomeres) phenotype, characteristic of a defect in the telomerase pathway. Binding between RPA and telomerase, which is supported by compensatory charge-swap mutations in
EST3
and
RPA2
, utilizes a surface on Est3 that is structurally analogous to an interface on the human TPP1 protein that is required for telomerase processivity. Mutations in a subset of conserved DNA contact residues in RPA also result in short telomeres and senescence, which we show is due to a requirement for DNA binding after RPA interacts with telomerase. We propose that once RPA forms a complex with telomerase, RPA utilizes a subset of DNA-binding domains to stabilize the interaction between the telomerase active site and telomeric substrates, thereby facilitating enzyme processivity. These results, combined with prior observations, show that yeast telomerase interacts with two different high-affinity ssDNA-binding complexes, indicating that management of single-stranded DNA is integral to effective telomerase function.
Contextual neural dynamics during time perception in the primate ventral premotor cortex
Authors: Díaz Héctor , Bayones Lucas , Alvarez Manuel , Andrade-Ortega Bernardo , Valero Sebastián , Zainos Antonio , Romo Ranulfo , Rossi-Pool Román
Published: February 2025

Understanding how time perception adapts to cognitive demands remains a significant challenge. In some contexts, the brain encodes time categorically (as “long” or “short”), while in others, it encodes precise time intervals on a continuous scale. Although the ventral premotor cortex (VPC) is known for its role in complex temporal processes, such as speech, its specific involvement in time estimation remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated how the VPC processes temporal information during a time interval comparison task (TICT) and a time interval categorization task (TCT) in primates. We found a notable heterogeneity in neuronal responses associated with time perception across both tasks. While most neurons responded during time interval presentation, a smaller subset retained this information during the working memory periods. Population-level analysis revealed distinct dynamics between tasks: In the TICT, population activity exhibited a linear and parametric relationship with interval duration, whereas in the TCT, neuronal activity diverged into two distinct dynamics corresponding to the interval categories. During delay periods, these categorical or parametric representations remained consistent within each task context. This contextual shift underscores the VPC’s adaptive role in interval estimation and highlights how temporal representations are modulated by cognitive demands.
Loss of ergativity in Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
Authors: Banerjee Sayantani , Dash Biswanath
Published: February 2025

Old Eastern Indo-Aryan stage/OEIA (900–1100 AD approx) showed split ergativity with evidence from its sole source Caryapada. New Eastern Indo-Aryan/EIA languages have lost their ergative properties (Stump, 1983; Bubenik, 1989, among others) gradually, evolving as nominative-accusative languages in the present time. The current study highlights how the Voice head in the structure is responsible for the evolution of the case system in the EIA languages. As the Voice head is intricately related to the external theta role and ergative case (Legate, 2014), it is essential to note its characteristics in the diachrony of EIA languages. This paper proposes that OEIA ergativity, seen in Caryapada, is DP-ergative, following the diagnostics of Polinsky (2016), where the Voice head assigns structural ergative to subject DP. It entails that OEIA has a distinct Voice head in its spine, which assigns the structural ergative case to the DP. The diagnostics used are agreement, A-movement, A′ movement, Binding, and coordinate structures. However, such split ergativity is not seen in the present EIA languages. This entails that the Voice head is lost. This loss led to the rise of a TP-determined structure for all tenses, leading to the emergence of the nominative alignment.
One-dimensional Migdal effect
Authors: Arias Malen Maria , Randazzo Juan Martin , Barrachina Raul Oscar
Published: February 2025

The problem of atomic ionization by the sudden absorption of momentum by its nucleus is studied. By means of a simple one dimensional model we obtain analytical expression for the re-capture and ionization probabilities. Simple integral formulas for the evaluation of the time evolution of the electronic state are given. Analytical expressions for the ionisation probabilities show structures found in realistic three dimensional collisional problems, such as capture probability (by the recoil nucleus) and the binary ionization peak.
Transfer learning-enhanced modelling of annular aperture arrays and nanohole arrays
Authors: Lin Yuzhen , Liu Junchen , Cao Yuchen , Cao Yu , Wang Ziyuan
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the use of transfer learning in artificial neural networks modelling of Annular Aperture Arrays (AAAs) and Nanohole Arrays (NHAs). An AAA model trained on a larger dataset was used to enhance the performance of an NHA model through transfer learning. The NHA model with transfer learning achieved convergence speed an order of magnitude faster and reduced validation loss by 37% compared to the baseline NHA model. Comparative analysis shows that the optical responses are primarily influenced by the periodicity rather than other structural parameters. This study demonstrates the significant potential of transfer learning to improve accuracy and efficiency in modelling optical nanodevices, especially when data availability is limited.
3-D resistivity modeling of undulating terrain using space-wavenumber mixed domain approach
Authors: Ling Jiaxuan , Chen Huang , Wei Shuliu , Zhang Ying , Chen Qingrui , Liu Siqin
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative 3D numerical simulation approach tailored for the direct current resistivity method under undulating terrain conditions. The method utilizes 2D Fourier transform technology to convert complex 3D problems into 1D problems in the space-wavenumber mixed domain, thereby simplifying the computational process. We assume a layered background medium and utilize the weighted residual method to solve this simplified 1D problem. Additionally, to precisely handle terrain boundary nodes, we introduce an isogeometric gradient method applied in the logarithmic domain of conductivity. By constructing 3D trapezoidal ridge and valley models, we have validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Further experiments involving a spherical low-resistivity body and a prismatic high-resistivity body beneath ridge terrain demonstrate the significant impact of undulating terrain on the observed results. This highlights the importance of considering terrain undulations in field observations and emphasizes the necessity of making appropriate corrections when interpreting data to prevent erroneous interpretations or significant deviations in results.
Impact of the Bose-Einstein Density Profile on Anisotropic Compact Star under f (Q) Gravity
Authors: Chalavadi Chaitra Chooda , Venkatesha V.
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative framework for modeling anisotropic compact stars by incorporating the density profile of Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter within the f(Q) gravity framework. This approach provides new insights into the dynamics of compact stars and the role of dark matter in their structure. We derive the metric potential for compact stellar configurations and calculate the associated unknown parameters. Analyzing the physical properties of the compact star PSR J1614-2230 across various values of k, we find that the derived interior solutions for anisotropic star satisfy all essential physical conditions, thereby confirming the robustness and stability of the proposed model.
Research on the compression deformation response and failure analysis of power batteries in new energy vehicle collisions
Authors: Han Yangqi , Hu Jing
Published: February 2025

As one of the core components of electric vehicles, the safety of new energy vehicle power batteries is crucial for the popularization and application of new energy vehicles. The research on the collision of electric vehicle power batteries has undergone a transformation from the microscopic mechanical properties of individual cells to the macroscopic mechanical properties of battery packs. The changes in physical and chemical properties of different individual cells and battery packs under mechanical behaviors such as collision, puncture, and compression are still a hot research topic. Studying the changes in power batteries under these mechanical behavior states is beneficial for improving the safety of electric vehicles, supporting industry standard setting, protecting passenger and environmental safety, promoting technological innovation, reducing insurance risks, enhancing consumer confidence, and assisting accident investigation and analysis. Therefore, studying the compression deformation response and failure analysis of power batteries in collisions of new energy vehicles is of great significance.
A study of distributed power access capacity taking into account distribution network state analysis
Authors: Shi Bingbiao , Chen Zhigao
Published: February 2025

Distributed photovoltaic power generation has become the key development direction of new energy in the future, but a large number of distributed photovoltaic power sources connected to the power grid will have a significant impact on power quality and grid state. In response to the above-mentioned issues, a method of accessing the capacity of distributed power supply, taking into account the grid state analysis, is proposed to improve the system voltage and stabilize it, and to reduce the network loss of the distribution network. The impact of distributed photovoltaic power generation with different access capacities on the network loss and voltage of the chain distribution network is investigated by calculating the system currently using the forward-back generation method, and then the calculation and simulation analysis are performed based on MATLAB, and the simulation results show that a certain capacity of distributed PV power can effectively improve the system voltage and stabilize it near the rated voltage, which has a significant effect on the loss reduction of the system, and improves the operation status of the distribution network.
Enhancing power quality in distribution networks with self-adaptive VPI-controlled grid-forming battery energy storage system
Authors: Yan Zijie , Xiong Liangli , You Li , Han Gang , Li Xiangjun
Published: February 2025

The development of distribution networks is facing new challenges due to the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources and electric vehicles. Power quality issues, such as voltage imbalance and harmonic distortion, are significant barriers to the efficient operation of distribution networks. This paper presents an approach to enhance power quality in distribution networks by employing self-adaptive Vector Proportion Integrators (VPI) controlled Grid-Forming Battery Energy Storage System (GFM-BESS). The control strategy and capability of a low-voltage ride through (LVRT) have been validated through simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.