bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel mutation in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A detected through newborn screening for a presymptomatic case in China：A case report and literature review
Authors: Fang Haining , Gan Yi , Yu Fei
Published: November 2020

Background：Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder that results in hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic encephalopathy. It is caused by mutation in CPT1A. To date, only two symptomatic cases of CPT1A deficiency have been reported in China.Case presentation: A newborn male, without any disease-related clinical manifestations, was diagnosed with CPT1A deficiency through newborn screening. Increased free carnitine levels and a significantly increased C0/(C16+C18) ratio were detected at 3 days of age, and subsequently, mutations in CPT1A were found by gene sequence analysis. The patient was advised a low-fat, high-protein diet and followed up regularly. During three-years of follow-up since, the patient showed normal growth velocity and developmental milestones. Whole-exome sequencing identified two mutations, c.2201T >C (p.F734S) and c.1318G>A (p.A440T), in the patient. The c.2201T >C mutation, which has been reported previously, was inherited from his father, while the c.1318G>A, a novel mutation, was inherited from his mother. The amino acid residues encoded by original sequences are highly conserved across different species. These mutations slightly altered the three-dimensional structure of the protein, as analyzed by molecular modeling, suggesting that they may be pathogenic.Conclusion: This is the first case of CPT1A deficiency detected through newborn screening based on diagnostic levels of free carnitine, in China. We identified two missense mutations, c.2201T >C and novel c.1318G>A, in the patient. Our findings have expanded the gene spectrum of this rare condition and provided a basis for family genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
Integrated use of Smart Grid technologies in railway traction networks
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Kryukov Andrey ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Cherepanov Aleksandr ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Lyubchenko Irina ,   Irkutsk State Transport University
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the paper is to develop a methodology for modeling railway power supply systems equipped with a set of devices implemented on the base of smart grid technologies. The research is carried out using the Fazonord software package designed for modeling the modes of railway power supply systems in phase coordinates. The calculation model is implemented for the power supply system of a two-track section with five traction substations. The results obtained show that reliable and high-quality power supply of train traction and non-traction consumers can be ensured on the basis of the integrated use of active Smart Grid elements, such as a phase number converter, active harmonic conditioner, controlled reactive power source, and a distributed generation unit. Computer simulation allows to establish that in the absence of reactive power sources there are noticeable voltage fluctuations on 10 kV buses of non-traction consumers; the asymmetry is approaching the limit of normally acceptable values; disabling of the active filter results in the increase of the total harmonic coefficient of voltages up to 16%; if the entire complex of active devices is available, the high quality of electrical energy is achieved; the phase number converter is robust and features low sensitivity to the errors in parameter setting; voltage deviations caused by the limited variation range of reactive power in the reactive power source are short-term and do not exceed the values acceptable in practice. Thus, on the basis of Smart Grid technologies, distributed generation units can be connected directly to the traction network using a phase number conversion device formed according to the reciprocal Steinmetz circuit. Elimination of harmonic distortions created by rectifier electric locomotives is carried out by means of an active conditioner of higher harmonics. A controlled reactive power source can be used to maintain voltage levels.
Studying self-starting of 0.4 kV induction motors of power plant auxiliary needs
Authors:   National Research University ", Majidov Abdullo ,   Moscow Power Engineering Institute"
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this work is to study the self-starting of induction motors for the auxiliary needs of power plants and substations as well as the mutual influence of motors on each other under short-term voltage dips and after voltage recovery on the buses to which these motors are connected. The object of the research is the operating VIII section with the capacity of 0.4 kV of the auxiliary service system with 9 induction motors of the heat and power plant no.1 in the city of Dushanbe (Republic of Tajikistan). Simulation modeling was carried out in the software package Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (USA) using algebraic and simplified differential equations to determine the values of indicators of static and dynamic stability of auxiliary needs of power plants and substations. As a result of modeling, the values of indicators of static and dynamic stability of the auxiliary needs system of power stations are determined. Based on the results obtained the margins of static and dynamic stability of auxiliary needs of power plants and substations are constructed and the conditions for implementing the optimal self-start, which allow to ensure uninterrupted operation of responsible mechanisms with induction motors at voltage dips are determined. The developed methods for studying the self-starting of power plant and substation auxiliary need induction motors ensures more accurate determination of the values of static stability voltages and dynamic stability time. The developed simulation model allows to specify and determine the success of induction motor self-starting in the systems of power plant and substation auxiliary needs. The developed methods are recommended for more precise selection of operating values for relay protection and automation as well as technological protection in the systems of auxiliary needs of power plants and substations with induction motors for more reliable operation of the main and auxiliary technological equipment.
Comparison of two starting options for conveyor belt electric drive
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Pavlov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the paper is to study the energy and operational parameters of a belt conveyor under two starting methods: direct and frequency. Taking into account the non-linearity of the mathematical description of belt conveyor mechanical part and induction motor drive, the analysis of starting modes is carried out by the method of nonlinear differential calculus where equivalent masses are replaced with the discrete ones. The calculations are performed on the models using MATLAB. It is found out that the use of a frequency converter for the conveyor allows to reduce the maximum current by 4.7 times when starting the motor; by 2.5 times the maximum moment; by 1.52 times the maximum moment of resistance forces on the motor shaft; by 8.68 times the maximum value of power losses in stator windings; by 10.2 times the total power losses; by 2.9 times the power consumed from the network; by 3.4 times the amount of energy losses in the stator windings; by 3 times the total energy losses; by 1.25 times the energy consumed from the network; by 3 times the maximum acceleration of the belt; by 3 times the overshooting values during transients by the values of leading tension forces of the belt on various sections of the conveyor; by 1.875 times the transients duration in terms of the leading tension forces of the belt on different sections of the conveyor. The developed mathematical model of the belt conveyor makes it possible to obtain quantitative estimates of energy and operational parameters of the installation under two starting methods: direct and frequency. The use of frequency start-up of the conveyor allows to decrease motor energy losses by 3 times. It also reduces motor heating as well as decreases the maximum values of belt tension forces on various sections of the conveyor by more than three times.
Developing a multiagent model of an integrated energy supply system in AnyLogic simulation software
Authors:   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS, Stennikov Valery , Barakhtenko Evgeny ,   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS, Mayorov Gleb ,   Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop a multi-agent model of an integrated energy supply system in the AnyLogic simulation software and to conduct a research on the operation and interaction of objects in this system using the obtained model. A multi-agent approach is proposed to study integrated energy supply systems as it enables to carry out a detailed research of interaction and coordination mechanisms of various elements and subsystems (energy sources, transport subsystems, active consumers, etc.) of the object under investigation. The model is implemented in AnyLogic simulation software that supports designing, development and documenting of the created models, carrying out computer experiments, parameter optimization according to some criterion that enables visualization of the mechanisms of interaction and connection between the agents. A multi-agent model of the integrated power supply system has been developed. Agent state diagrams that take into account the operation of its elements have been created and the principles of their interaction and coordination have been analyzed. The structure of the developed model of an integrated power supply system contains four types of agents and connections between them. An experiment has been conducted on the basis of the developed model, in which the optimal solution was found for energy supply of consumers. The results of the conducted computational experiment show that the specified conditions and restrictions are met; messages and parameters are correctly transmitted between the agents and the agents perform the assigned functions in the system. The results obtained will allow to model real power supply systems of any complexity in order to study the properties and improve the efficiency of these systems. The developed model enables the possibility to model complex processes in an integrated energy supply system which relate to production, transport, distribution and consumption of energy.
Machine learning as a tool of high-voltage electrical equipment lifecycle control enhancement
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Khalyasmaa Alexandra
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the practical implementation of high-voltage electrical equipment technical state estimation subsystems as a part of solving the lifecycle management problem based on machine learning methods and taking into account the effect of the adjacent power system operation modes. To deal with the problem of power equipment technical state analysis, i.e. power equipment state pattern recognition, XGBoost based on gradient boosting decision tree algorithm is used. Its main advantages are the ability to process gapped data and efficient operation with tabular data for solving classification and regression problems. The author suggests the formation procedure of correct and sufficient initial database for high-voltage equipment state pattern recognition based on its technical diagnostic data and the algorithm for training and testing sets creation in order to improve the identification accuracy of power equipment actual state. The description and justification of the machine learning method and corresponding error metrics are also provided. Based on the actual states of power transformers and circuit breakers the sets of technical diagnostic parameters that have the greatest impact on the accuracy of state identification are formed. The effectiveness of using power systems operation parameters as additional features is also confirmed. It is determined that the consideration of operation parameters obtained by calculation as a part of the training set for high-voltage equipment technical state identification makes it possible to improve the tuning accuracy. The developed structure and approaches to power equipment technical state analysis supplemented by power system operation mode data and diagnostic results provide an information link between the tasks of technological and dispatch control. This allows us to consider the task of power system operation mode planning from the standpoint of power equipment technical state and identify the priorities in repair and maintenance to eliminate power network “bottlenecks”.
Assessing possibility of technogenic raw material processing using ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide
Authors:   Irgiredmet JSC, Vasilkova Anastasia , Byvaltsev Alexander ,   Irgiredmet JSC, Khmelnitskaya Olga ,   Irgiredmet JSC, Voiloshnikov Grigory ,   Irgiredmet JSC
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to conduct experiments in order to determine the possibility of technogenic gold-bearing raw material cyanidation using ultra-low concentrations of NaCN. Experiments are carried out on the cyanidation of three samples of technogenic raw materials of different composition. The first sample consists of pyrite cinders (Au - 1.8-2.3 g/t, Ag - 13-22 g/t, Fe - 48.52%, Cu - 0.15-0.30%, Zn - 0.3-0.6%). The second sample is represented by the aged tailings of copper-zinc flotation (sample I) with the content of Au - 0.8 g/t, Ag - 7.0 g/t, Fe - 17.2%, Cu - 0.212%, Zn - 0.207%. The next object is the copper-zinc flotation tailings of a concentration plant (sample II), with the following content of Au - 1.22 g/t, Ag - 15.2 g/t, Cu - 0.13%, Zn - 0.23%. It is recommended to use an aqueous wash from non-ferrous metals with subsequent lime treatment as a preliminary processing of pyrite cinders. Cyanidation is carried out at different consumptions of reagent: from 0.075 to 3 kg/t. The experiments have shown that gold recovery in this range of NaCN consumption varies from 42.9 to 44.2%; moreover, a decrease in the reagent consumption allows to reduce the concentration of non-ferrous metal ions in cyanidation solutions. Before cyanidation sample I has also been subjected to aqueous wash to remove acid and non-ferrous metals. NaCN consumption varies from 0.25 to 2.2 kg/t. In this case the extraction of gold amounts to 36.6-46.4%. Cyanidation of tailings (sample II) is carried out in the range of 0.15-1.2 kg/t of NaCN. Gold recovery varies from 24.1 to 30.9%. The cyanidation technology of technogenic raw materials in the field of ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide is promising, since it provides acceptable gold recovery under low reagent consumption. For further research in the field of development of an extraction technology of valuable components, the flotation tailings of copper-zinc production (sample II) are chosen as a promising object. It is planned to carry out semi-industrial tests, calculate technical and economic indicators and develop process regulations.
Hydrochemical cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metal impurities
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Zhmurova Viktoria
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to conduct the research on hydrochloric acid cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from the impurities of heavy non-ferrous metals and mathematical processing of the experimental data obtained by the method of dispersion analysis. The atomic absorption method is used to study the chemical composition of the cathode deposits. The method of dispersion analysis is used to process experimental data. The composition of cathode deposit impurities is studied using x-ray spectral microanalysis. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has shown that their main components are gold, silver, copper, lead, as well as non-metallic impurity compounds (CaO, SiO2, etc.). It is found that the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid for cleaning gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metals is 371 kg/m3; the degree of copper transition to solution is 69.06%, lead - 93.9%. The calculation of the expected mass fraction of precious metals in the alloyed gold demonstrates an increase in the mass fraction of gold by 14.08%, silver - by 17.46%. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has also revealed that the main impurities that affect their subsequent processing are copper and lead. The latter fall into the ingot of alloyed gold, which is the target product of gold-bearing ore processing and complicate subsequent refining. The dispersion analysis of experimental data shows that solvent concentration significantly affects the transition degree of heavy non-ferrous metals to the solution starting from the value of 20.1 kg/m3. It is shown that the proposed method allows to increase the content of precious metals in the alloyed gold by 31.54%, as well as to perform maximum transition of copper and lead to the solution. The use of acid leaching of impurities from cathode deposits obtained by cyanide-sorption technology is one of the promising directions for improving the quality of gold-containing alloys and hence the reduction of the cost of refining services.
Improving the quality of silicon metal by the method of x-ray radiometric separation of raw material and finished products
Authors:   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Zobnin Nikolay ,   Tau-KenTemir LLP, Korobko Sergey ,   Tau-KenTemir LLP, Vetkovsky Dmitry ,   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moiseev Andrey ,   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Aganin Aleksandr ,   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Nurumgaliev Asylbek ,   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Pikalova Irina ,   Karaganda State Industrial University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science
Published: November 2020

In this research, we investigate the process of X-ray radiometric separation of both raw materials (quartz, carbonaceous reducing agent) used for silicon smelting in ore-smelting furnaces and the resulting smelting products. The research objects were quartz from the Aktas field (Kazakhstan), coal from the Shubarkol field and silicon metal of various grades smelted at the Tau-Ken Temir LLP (Karaganda, Kazakhstan). X-ray diffraction analysis was performed using a Philips powder diffractometer. To determine the SiO2 and Fe2O3 content, an ARL PERFORM’X X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used. To remove impurities, a СРF1-150М single-strand radiometric separator was used. We found that the radiometric separation of original quartz samples with the Fe2O3 content of ~ 0.1-0.15% produces pure quartz with the Fe2O3 content of ≤ 0.05% and a yield of 65-70%. Provided that the Fe2O3 content in the original quartz sample does not exceed 0.5%, concentrates with the Fe2O3 content of 0.05% and a yield of 35-55% can be obtained. The yield of pure quartz with the Fe2O3 content of 0.01% does not exceed 15-20%. The use of radiometric separation is established to reduce the amount of phosphorus in the final product by 2-3 times. This method is effective for obtaining coal concentrates of varying ash content (2.0, 4.1 and 7.3%); the resulting concentrated product obtained with a yield of 25% contains 1.5% of ash. Separation of silicon metal (with the initial iron content of 1.2-1.5%) yields a product matching silicon grade 773 (product yield ~ 50%), 553 (~ 35%) or 441 (20%). It is concluded that radiometric separation allows the content of impurities in quartz, silicon metal and coal ash to be reduced, thus facilitating the production of higher-grade silicon.
Effect of natural gas composition on reverberatory furnace thermal efficiency for nickel alloys
Authors:   St. Petersburg Mining University, Quiroz Cabascango Valeria Esthefanía
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to develop and substantiate the principles of an energy model of an industrial reverberatory furnace taking into account chemical composition and properties of natural gas as well as to calculate the furnace thermal efficiency in order to estimate its industrial performance. To conduct the research mathematical calculations are performed based on the data of chemical and physical analysis of flue gases and chimney temperature using standard graphs of excess air and enthalpy values of flue gas components. The measurement of the amount of waste pollutants is carried out using MRU Delta 65-3 gas analyzers, which identify the total amount of gases (O2, CO, NO, H2S) They determine the temperature, pressure (vacuum), calculate the content of CO2 and installation efficiency as well. Aspen Hysys program is used to verify the mathematical model. The data on the properties of natural gas are obtained including the data on chemical composition, molecular weight, calorific value, excess air during combustion. The data on flue gases are also obtained, which include the data on the burnt gas components, molecular weights, enthalpy, calorific value, flue gases ratio at the temperatures from 94°C to 316°C. The chemical reactions of combustion given with the number of moles required and formed for each reaction are used to calculate the thermal efficiency of a reverberatory furnace for nickel alloys. The calculated data are confirmed by Aspen Hysys software. Based on the studies conducted, it is found that the variable having the greatest influence on the thermal efficiency is the low calorific value, since it depends on the composition of the natural gas. The proposed methods for calculating the thermal efficiency using a computer program are effective if an operator wants to evaluate the furnace operation efficiency on site.
Edge quality control system at finishing treatment by elastic polymer abrasive tools and its analysis. Part 1
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Dimov Yury , Podashev Dmitry ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the paper is to create a control system of edge quality under finishing machining of parts by elastic polymer abrasive tools, which are effective in surface conditioning and rounding of part edges. The principle of the system approach is used for a formalized description of the system characterized by the mutual interaction between the subsystems that form it. Consideration is given to the control system of these finishing operations design in order to ensure the required quality (in terms of surface roughness, size and geometric accuracy of edges) and optimal process performance under a large variety of tool designs and shapes of the processed surfaces and their mutual arrangement. The system includes input parameters, state space (subroutines) and output data. The input parameters of the system include equipment, workpiece and tool. The state space includes subsystems of mathematical interaction models of tool and surface and forces on the basis of which the mathematical models of material removal, roughness formation, power consumption, tool wear, and cutting zone temperature operate. The information from these subsystems is transmitted to the subsystem for optimizing finishing operation parameters. An algorithm for designing finishing technological operations is presented. It consists of source data input to the system, analysis of operation functional capability, decisions on the possibility of changes in the input data, control action formation, designing of operation, organization of preparation for operation execution, control of operation execution results for the compliance with the requirements of normative and technical documentation and finishing operation implementation in mass production. The developed system provides optimal tools and processing modes as a result of fulfillment of its functions. When this information is implemented in the manufacturing process of parts, the required quality indicators (surface roughness, size and geometric accuracy of edges) are provided as well as the optimal process performance.
Ličnost, radna angažiranost i zadovoljstvo poslom –posredujuća uloga razočaranosti u obrazovni sustav
Authors:   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Burić Irena , Cvijetović Josipa ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Macuka Ivana ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar
Published: November 2020

Suvremena obilježja obrazovnog sustava koja uključuju učestale promjene obrazovnih politika, povećane administrativne zahtjeve, manjak autonomije u nastavnom radu, naglasak na performativnosti, loše materijalne uvjete rada i sl., mogu dovesti do razočaranosti kod nastavnika, što dalje doprinosi smanjenju zadovoljstva poslom i radne angažiranosti. Međutim, neke karakteristike ličnosti mogu djelovati kao protektivni odnosno rizični faktori profesionalne dobrobiti nastavnika bez obzira na objektivne okolnosti. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio provjeriti medijacijsku ulogu razočaranosti nastavnika obrazovnim sustavom u odnosu između karakteristika ličnosti nastavnika (dispozicijski afekt i otpornost na stres) sa zadovoljstvom poslom i radnom angažiranosti nastavnika. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 2993 nastavnika razredne i predmetne nastave osnovnih i srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj. Provedbom analize traga utvrđeno je da u odnosu dispozicijske afektivnosti sa zadovoljstvom poslom i radnom angažiranosti, razočaranost obrazovnim sustavom ima djelomičnu medijacijsku ulogu, dok u odnosu otpornosti nastavnika na stres i zadovoljstva poslom te radne angažiranosti, razočaranost ima potpunu medijacijsku ulogu. Veće razine otpornosti i pozitivnog afekta, a manje razine negativnog afekta, doprinose manjoj razočaranosti obrazovnim sustavom. Nadalje, veće razine razočaranosti doprinose smanjenom zadovoljstvu poslom i smanjenoj radnoj angažiranosti nastavnika. Naposljetku, što su učitelji više skloni pozitivnom afektu, a manje negativnom afektu, to su više angažirani u svom radu te su više zadovoljni svojim poslom. Ključne riječi: nastavnici, razočaranost obrazovnim sustavom, zadovoljstvo poslom, radna angažiranost, otpornost na stres, dispozicijski afekt
Emotional Reaction to Menarche and Menstrual Attitudes
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Nakić Radoš Sandra , Jelić Roberta ,   Primary School Ljudevit Gaj, Osijek, Jurjević Đurđica ,   Primary School Starigrad, Starigrad Paklenica
Published: November 2020

The goal of this study was to examine current attitudes toward menstruation in adolescent postmenarcheal girls in relation to age at menarche, time since menarche had occurred, preparedness, and emotional reaction to menarche. Postmenarcheal adolescent girls from primary and secondary schools (N = 246) participated in the study, with an average age of 15.1 years and average age at menarche 12.4 years. Participants filled out the adapted version of Adolescent Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (AMAQ; Marvan & Molina, 2002), Expected/Experienced Emotions related to Menarche Scale (Emo-M; Nakić Radoš, Mužinić Bikić, & Roso Perić, in press), Preparedness for the Menarche (PM; Rodriguez White, 2013), and Pubertal Development Scale (PDS; Petersen, Crockett, Richards, & Boxer, 1988). The two-way ANOVA showed that early maturers (≤11 years at menarche) had significantly higher level of negative attitudes than average maturers (12 years) and late maturers (≥13 years). Both early and average maturers had a higher level of secretive attitudes than late maturers. However, this effect was present only if menarche occurred in less than two years. Regression analyses showed that higher level of pleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher level of positive attitudes toward menstruation (45.2% variance explained). Lower age at menarche, less time from the menarche, and a higher level of unpleasant emotions at menarche predicted higher levels of secretive attitudes (35.1% variance explained) and negative attitudes (22.7% variance explained). In conclusion, age at menarche, time for adaptation to menstruation, and initial emotional reaction to menarche are significant determinants of menstrual attitudes in adolescent girls. Education and preparing girls for menstruation at early stages of puberty is necessary. Keywords: menarche, menstruation, attitudes, emotions, puberty
Odnos metakognitivnih procjena uspješnosti vlastitog dosjećanja i dosjećanja drugih u zadatku pamćenja
Authors:   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Rapan Klara , Valerjev Pavle ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar
Published: November 2020

Metakognitivni procesi važni su u pospješivanju uspješnosti učenja. Međutim, rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja pokazala su da su, pod određenim uvjetima, metakognitivni procesi podložni utjecaju heuristika. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati u kakvom su međusobnom odnosu metakognitivni procesi koji nadziru vlastitu i tuđu izvedbu ovisno o iskustvu u zadatku pamćenja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 65 ispitanika koji su slučajnim odabirom bili raspoređeni u jednu od dvije nezavisne skupine. Ispitanici obje skupine su prošli kroz oba eksperimentalna uvjeta: ja uvjet i promatrač uvjet. Skupine su se razlikovale samo u redoslijedu eksperimentalnih uvjeta. U ja uvjetu, ispitanicima su prezentirani parovi riječi, a njihov zadatak je bio da što brže nauče prezentirane riječi. Nakon svih parova riječi, slijedio je test dosjećanja. U promatrač uvjetu, ispitanicima su prezentirane videosnimke osobe koja uči parove riječi. Videosnimke razlikovale su se u duljini. Ispitanici su nakon svake videosnimke donosili metakognitivne procjene uspješnosti osobe na videosnimci. Utvrđena je značajna negativna povezanost između vremena učenja riječi i metakognitivnih procjena uspješnosti u ja uvjetu. Nadalje, dobiven je značajan glavni efekt duljine videosnimke na metakognitivne procjene uspješnosti te značajan efekt interakcije između redoslijeda uvjeta i duljine videosnimke. Naime, utvrđena je razlika u metakognitivnim procjenama uspješnosti druge osobe, ali samo u skupini koja je prvo prolazila ja uvjet. U ovoj skupini, ispitanici su donosili više metakognitivne procjene za kraće videosnimke. U skupini koja je prvo prolazila promatrač uvjet, nije dobivena takva razlika. Rezultati ovog istraživanja upućuju na to da različiti metakognitivni procesi sudjeluju u donošenju metakognitivnih procjena uspješnosti vlastitog i tuđeg dosjećanja, ali da metakognitivni procesi mogu pomoći prilikom razumijevanja na koji način drugi ljudi misle. Ključne riječi: metamemorija, procjene uspješnosti dosjećanja, heuristika napora zapamćivanja, metakognicija
Podrijetlo vodstva: Evolucijski pogled na odnos vođa i njihovih sljedbenika
Authors:   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Banai Benjamin , Penezić Zvjezdan ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar
Published: November 2020

Vodstvo je sveprisutno u organizaciji života ljudskih grupa. Istraživanje vođa i vodstva bilo je u središtu interesa raznih društvenih znanosti poput psihologije, ekonomije ili politologije. Dosadašnja literatura iz spomenutih područja uglavnom se bavi opisivanjem kako vodstvo funkcionira i primarno je usmjerena na vođe. U novije vrijeme, pojavljuje se interes za primjenu principa evolucijske psihologije u ovom području te se neki istraživači usmjeravaju na pitanje kako je vodstvo nastalo. Pri tome, važan naglasak se stavlja na adaptivnu vrijednost vodstva od kojega korist imaju svi članovi grupe te u samim teorijskim postavkama bitnu ulogu zauzimaju i sljedbenici vođa, koji u društvu čine većinu. Smatra se da je uspostavljanje odnosa vođa-sljedbenik adaptacija nastala tijekom evolucijske prošlosti koja je bila usmjerena na rješavanje problema koordinacije grupnih zadataka. U ovom preglednom članku prikazat će se tri skupine istraživanja koja idu u prilog navedenim pretpostavkama. Prvo, prikazat će se različiti oblici vodstva i organizacije životinjskih grupa, od insekata do primata. Drugo, opisat će se antropološka istraživanja na plemenima lovaca-sakupljača, čiji je životni stil najsličniji onomu koji su vodili ljudski preci tijekom evolucijske prošlosti. Zatim, prikazat će se niz istraživanja na modernim ljudima, a koja pokazuju da u ljudskim grupama postoji pristranost prema osobinama vođa koje su vjerojatno našim precima signalizirale dobro vodstvo, a koje nisu u skladu s modernim uvjetima života. Ključne riječi: Evolucijska psihologija, evolucijska teorija vodstva, lovci-sakupljači, životinje, evolucijski nesklad, sljedbeništvo
Elza Kučera – prva hrvatska eksperimentalna psihologinja
Authors:   Institut za filozofiju, Zagreb, Skuhala Karasman Ivana
Published: November 2020

Elza Kučera (1883-1972) značajna je kao jedna od prvih eksperimentalnih psihologinja nedugo nakon što je Wilhelm Wundt započeo razvijati tu novu disciplinu. Eksperimente je provodila u laboratoriju u Bonnu te u vlastitom laboratoriju u Zagrebu i Psihologijskom laboratoriju Fiziologijskoga instituta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Zajedno s dvije kolegice iz Poljske sastavila je testove za ispitivanje osobina pojedinih naroda koji su se koristili u Poljskoj i kod nas. Po uzoru na Wundta povezivala je psihologiju i filozofiju. U njezinim je tekstovima vidljiva namjera da probleme koji svoje korijene imaju u filozofiji, primjerice problem slobode volje, rješava eksperimentalnom psihologijom. Bila je članica uredništva časopisa Revija za filozofiju i psihologiju, koji je objavljivao radove iz filozofije i psihologije. U ovo radu bavim se psihologijskim djelovanjem Elze Kučere i pokazujem kako je bila pod jakim utjecajem Wilhelma Wundta te kako se u njezinim objavljenim djelima iz psihologije vidi povezivanje psihologije s filozofijom. Ključne riječi: Elza Kučera, Wilhelm Wundt, eksperimentalna psihologinja, filozofija
Utjecaj perspektive i rejtinga igrača na fleksibilno mišljenje u šahu
Authors:   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar, Antolčić Marko , Valerjev Pavle ,   Odjel za psihologiju, Sveučilište u Zadru, Zadar
Published: November 2020

Einstellung efekt (E-efekt) se u psihologiji šaha opisuje kao mentalni set koji šahiste čini nefleksibilnima da optimalno riješe problemsku poziciju, kad je u poziciji prisutno drugo poznato rješenje. Percepcija iskusnih šahista funkcionira tako da im omogućuje brzo uočavanje odnosa među figurama grupirajući ih u konfiguracije, što rezultira brzim pronalaskom poznatog rješenja. Pri tome glavnu ulogu ima tzv. brzi mehanizam poput prepoznavanja, dok bi za pronalazak optimalnog rješenja u istoj situaciji bio potreban izraženiji spori mehanizam, kao što je pretraživanje polja za mogućim potezima. Tehnika koja potiče aktivaciju sporog mehanizma mogla bi biti obrnuta perspektiva opažanja šahovske pozicije. U situaciji kad brzi mehanizam nije efikasan, ako se pozicija učini perceptivno nejasnijom, možda se potakne drugačiji pristup uspostavljanja odnosa među figurama. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj obrnute perspektive na smanjenje E-efekta, te utvrditi utjecaj rejtinga na nastanak E-efekta. U eksperimentu su sudjelovali klupski igrači (N = 26) s nacionalnim šahovskim rejtingom kojima se zadavao niz šahovskih problema u kojima se manipuliralo perspektivom. Ispitan je utjecaj perspektive i rejtinga na učestalost optimalnog rješenja, vrijeme odlučivanja, vremena i broja fiksacija na poljima relevantnim za Einstellung rješenje te razine sigurnosti u rješenje. Rezultati upućuju na to da obrnuta perspektiva nije imala efekt na niz zavisnih varijabli, dok se pokazalo da je redoslijed zadavanja problema utjecao na vrijeme odlučivanja. Također, utvrđeno je da su šahisti višeg rejtinga imali češće optimalno rješenje i veću razinu sigurnosti. Rejting igrača pokazuje najjači efekt na fleksibilno mišljenje u šahu. Ključne riječi: šah, obrnuta perspektiva, Einstellung efekt, fleksibilnost mišljenja
Odrednice primjene strategija za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda u adolescenciji
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Erceg Inja , Kuterovac Jagodić Gordana ,   Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Zagreb
Published: November 2020

Strategije za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda uključuju različite načine mijenjanja i utjecanja na oblik, veličinu i/ili težinu tijela, kao i na njegovu mišićavost. Jedan od čimbenika primjene ovih strategija je nezadovoljstvo tijelom kao subjektivna negativna procjena vlastitog tjelesnog izgleda. Međutim, uloga važnosti slike tijela u njihovoj primjeni je do sada još uvijek manje istražena. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati doprinos roda, indeksa tjelesne mase, nezadovoljstva tijelom i važnosti slike tijela u objašnjavanju čestine primjene strategija za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda (strategija mršavljenja, dobivanja na tjelesnoj težini, učvršćivanja mišića i povećanja mišića) te moderatorski utjecaj važnosti slike tijela na odnos između nezadovoljstva tijelom i čestine primjene navedenih strategija za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda. 1056 učenika i učenica osnovnih i srednjih škola prosječne dobi 15-14 godina ispunilo je prevedenu i prilagođenu verziju Inventara slike tijela i promjene tjelesnog izgleda. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako ženski rod, viši indeks tjelesne mase, više nezadovoljstvo tijelom i veća važnost slike tijela doprinose objašnjavanju čestine primjene strategija mršavljenja, dok muški rod, niži indeks tjelesne mase i veća važnost slike tijela doprinose objašnjavanju čestine primjene strategija dobivanja na tjelesnoj težini. Kao značajni prediktori čestine primjene strategija učvršćivanja i povećanja mišića pokazali su se muški rod i veća važnost slike tijela. Nalaz kako je važnost slike tijela prediktor svih ispitanih strategija za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda upućuje na njenu bitnu ulogu u njihovoj primjeni, zbog čega bi na nju bilo potrebno usmjeriti više pažnje u istraživanjima iz ovog područja. Ključne riječi: nezadovoljstvo tijelom, važnost slike tijela, strategije za promjenu tjelesnog izgleda, indeks tjelesne mase, adolescencija
The vacua of dipolar cavity quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Schuler Michael , De Bernardis Daniele , Läuchli Andreas , Rabl Peter
Published: November 2020

The structure of solids and their phases is mainly determined by static Coulomb forces while the coupling of charges to the dynamical, i.e., quantized degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field plays only a secondary role. Recently, it has been speculated that this general rule can be overcome in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), where the coupling of dipoles to a single field mode can be dramatically enhanced. Here we present a first exact analysis of the ground states of a dipolar cavity QED system in the non-perturbative coupling regime, where electrostatic and dynamical interactions play an equally important role. Specifically, we show how strong and long-range vacuum fluctuations modify the states of dipolar matter and induce novel phases with unusual properties. Beyond a purely fundamental interest, these general mechanisms can be important for potential applications, ranging from cavity-assisted chemistry to quantum technologies based on ultrastrongly coupled circuit QED systems.
THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN IN THE PRACTICE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Authors: GERASIMOVA Evgeniya V.
Published: November 2020

The development of digital technologies affects the legal status of an individual. The task of constitutional justice is the constitutional interpretation of new legal phenomena such as the right to be forgotten. This article aims to analyze the right to be forgotten in the decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court and German Constitutional Court in a comparative aspect.
The research methodology is primarily a dialectical method. This method helps the author to identify the content of the right to be forgotten, as well as to determine its role in relation to other constitutionally significant values.
The comparative legal method is of particular importance for achieving the objectives of the research and helps to highlight the general and specific in the approaches of the courts to the concept of this right. This approach distinguishes the novelty of this research in comparison with other papers. The use of the dialectical and comparative legal research methods allows drawing the following conclusions.
The distinctive feature of the right to be forgotten is its dualistic nature. On the one hand, this is a civil right associated with the right to privacy; on the other, it acts as a way to protect other constitutional rights (for example, the dignity of the individual). This right is not absolute. Some information may be of public interest. To resolve the issue of the prevailing constitutionally significant value in a particular case, the Russian Constitutional Court suggests using the method of finding a balance.
The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany emphasized that the right to free personal development and dignity sometimes prevails over freedom of information, especially considering the time factor in the case, as well as the degree of harm caused to a person by links to information posted on the Internet. The German Federal Constitutional Court, characterizing the legal relationship regarding the exercise of the right to be forgotten, highlights that this is a relationship between private subjects with fundamental rights, and refers to the concept of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights (“mittelbare Drittwirkung”) developed in German constitutional law.
This article concludes that the decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany on the right to be forgotten are the guidelines for other courts, as well as the legislator for further improving legal regulation. Taking into account the development of information technologies, the author believes that the constitutional courts will more than once turn to the digital aspects of the legal status of an individual and, in particular, the concept of the right to be forgotten.
Assessing Hand Hygiene Practices Among Nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohaithef Mohammed AL
Published: November 2020

Background:

Hand hygiene is a simple and effective practice that reduces the transmission of hospital acquired infections. However, adherence to hand hygiene guidelines among health care professionals is low. The aim of this study is to assess hand hygiene practices among nurses working in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:

The standardized version of the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire was administered to nurses from six hospitals in the region of Asir.

Results:

300 nurses were approached to enroll 243 participants so the response rate was 81%. The study found that 65.4% (159) of the participants followed a good hand hygiene practice while 10.3% (25) showed inadequate hand hygiene practice. Good hand hygiene practice was found to be significantly higher among female participants (88%) than the male participants (44%). The participants from the department of internal medicine (43.5%) showed the highest percentage of inadequate hand hygiene practice while participants from the department of pediatrics reported a 100% good hand hygiene practice.

Conclusion:

The male nurses and nurses working in the department of internal medicine require in-service educational intervention regarding hand hygiene to increase their compliance with its practice . Posters and other visual aids highlighting the significance of hand hygiene need to be displayed in all the departments to sensitize the importance of hand hygiene among nurses.
Nanohybrids
Authors:   Materials Research Forum LLC, Wohlbier Thomas
Published: November 2020

The book covers preparation, designing and utilization of nanohybrid materials for biomedical applications. These materials can improve the effectiveness of drugs, promote high cell growth in new scaffolds, and lead to biodegradable surgical sutures. The use of hybrid magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles may lead to non-invasive therapies. The most promising materials are based on silica nanostructures, polymers, bioresorbable metals, liposomes, biopolymeric electrospun nanofibers, graphene, and gelatin. Much research focuses on the development of biomaterials for cell regeneration and wound healing applications.
Individualizar o ensino secundário na França (anos 1930): uma tentativa de transposição dos métodos ativos por Henri Bouchet
Authors: Gutierrez Laurent
Published: November 2020

Com sua tese sobre a individualização do ensino, Henri Bouchet pertence ao grupo dos pedagogos da Educação Nova, os quais alimentaram os debates em torno da necessidade de reformar o liceu nos anos 1930. Partidários de um ensino racional inspirado na norte-americana Helen Parkhurst, seus trabalhos indagam a maneira como seria possível transpor e difundir o método do Plano Dalton na França. Este artigo mostra como este militante dos métodos ativos, cujos trabalhos serão acirradamente discutidos no meio universitário, estabelece os fatores gerais da individualidade que governa o caminho e o progresso de todo pensamento humano. Pedagogo antes de tudo, Henri Bouchet deseja trabalhar “para e pelo concreto”, convidando aqueles que o lerão a tentarem a experiência dos métodos ativos em suas salas de aula.
Escola Secundária fluminense:
Authors: Bezerra Amália Cristina Dias da Rocha , Oliveira Claudia Maria Costa Alves de , Gouvêa Fernando César Ferreira
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar a expansão do ensino médio no estado do Rio de Janeiro no arco de tempo de 1945 a 1955, com ênfase sobre a escola secundária. Trata-se de um trabalho ancorado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental no campo da História da Educação. Percebe-se a discreta participação do poder público na criação de escolas dessa modalidade e, mais do que isto, a política de prover bolsas de estudo para a frequência em escolas privadas. Busca-se, ainda, abordar os problemas relativos aos baixos índices de conclusão e ao desafio de alargar o atendimento a um número expressivo de estudantes que se mantinham a margem do ensino médio no estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Методы рентгеновской дифракционной топографии (О б з о р)
Authors: Лидер В.В.
Published: November 2020

The review describes various X-ray diffraction methods for visualizing defects in the crystal lattice, discusses the formation of diffraction contrast, and gives examples of the use of X-ray topography to study various structural defects of the crystal lattice.
Изменение свойств железа при ОЦК-ГЦК-фазовом переходе
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: November 2020

Using the previously developed method for calculating crystal properties based on the Mie–Lennard-Jones pair potential, the thermodynamic properties of the BCC and FCC phases of iron at the temperature of the polymorphic BCC-FCC phase transition are calculated. 23 properties of iron and their changes during the BCC-FCC transition are calculated. Calculations have shown that properties such as the Gruneisen parameter, the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the heat capacity practically do not change during the BCC-FCC transition. The elastic modulus, specific entropy, Poisson's ratio, and specific surface energy change in the same way as the molar volume, i.e. within 1%. The Debye temperature and its pressure derivative decrease at the BCC-FCC transition in the same way as the distance between the centers of the nearest atoms increases, i.e. within 2-3%. Based on the analysis of experimental data known from the literature, it is shown that even relatively accurately measured parameters such as the coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic modulus are measured with an error exceeding the values of jumps in these parameters at the BCC-FCC transition. It is indicated that amorphization or nanostructuring of a certain portion of iron during the BCC-FCC transition can contribute to changes in the properties of iron during this phase transition.