bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphometric parameters of the ventricular system of the brain in preschool children
Authors: Ryznychuk M. , Khmara T. , Komshuk T. , Zamorskii I. , Kiiun I. , Petriuk A.
Published: February 2022

Objective. To establish sex and age differences in the ventricular system of the brain in preschool children.Material and Methods. We examined 36 patients aged from two to five who live in the Chernivtsi region and sought medical care in MMI “Regional Children's Clinical Hospital” in Chernivtsi during 2019-2020, of which 22 were girls and 14 were boys. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out by the package "STATISTICA 5.5" (using nonparametric methods).Results. When studying the Echo-EG indices, we detected no interhemispheric asymmetry in any case. The distance to the terminal complex on the right and left was more significant in girls than boys in almost all age categories, except for the three-year-old age, here the opposite trend was found. The analysis of M-echo by age revealed a physiological increase in the index at the age of two in boys and girls. Subsequently, the distance to M-echo gradually decreases with age in boys. In girls, this index maximally reduced at the years 3 of age. Comparison of the M-echo width by age revealed a physiological increase in the index at the age of two years in both sexes with a subsequent decrease until the age of five. In all examined children, the shape of the median complex was in the form of peaks with a narrow, clear base, with one apex. Comparison by age parameters revealed a stable value of the cerebral cortex index in all age groups. In all examined children, the “pulsation” index did not exceed 20%.Conclusions. When studying the indices: distance to the terminal complex, distance to the M-echo, the width of the M-echo, a physiological increase of this index in two-year-old children with its subsequent decrease until the age of five was revealed. CCI and pulsation index practically did not change at all ages.
Odontogenic stem cells and their prospects in practical use (literature review)
Authors: Godovanets O. , Kitsak Т. , Halchuk K. , Sauka E.
Published: February 2022

Objective. To analyze the latest literature data on the possibilities of using stem cells of odontogenic origin in the practice of regenerative medicine.Material and methods. The bibliosemantic method was applied, and the structural-logical analysis of the received data was carried out. Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE were used for modern scientific literature searching by keywords «regenerative medicine», «regenerative dentistry», «dental mesenchymal stem cells», «stem cell therapy», «dental pulp stem cells».Results. Stem cells derived from the maxillofacial area differ in origin, differential activity and obtaining source. These cell populations have significant potential for cell line differentiation. It is possible to establish their origin by identifying the expression of stem cell markers during the process of receiving a new pure culture. Scientific research in the field of regenerative medicine has shown that the use of stem cells for therapeutic purposes has a positive therapeutic effect on the illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, and dental diseases of various etiologies. However, further studies of the possibilities to use these cells during the stages of clinical trials remain relevant.Conclusions. To sum up, based on the literature’s analysis, there is a significant interest in scientific and practical medicine for stem cells of odontogenic origin because there are perspectives for their use both in dentistry and in other branches of medicine.
Experience of an applied use of stem cells
Authors: Proniaiev D. , Voloshyn V. , Melnyk V. , Yemelianenko N. , Kavun M. , Perepeliuk M. , Yakovets K.
Published: February 2022

The literary review deals with analyzing the information found in the scientific literature concerning the practical use of stem cells for the treatment of different diseases. The most essential and promising source of stem cells is umbilical blood. Practical use of stem cells is of particular difficulty. An important effect of stem cells that must be kept in mind is a specific aberration of their properties in the experiments carried out "in vivo" and "in vitro". Induced pluripotential stem cells have become mainly spread to be introduced into practice. It is associated with the fact that, as a rule, this type of cells is genetically compatible with a certain organism. This literary review presents both the major historical landmarks in the development of science concerning the applied use of stem cells and the latest data of the scientific literature. Joseph Altman’s discovery of adult neurogenesis, who confirmed the existence of stem cells of the brain, has become sensational. One of the most investigated issues is the process of differentiation of the human pluripotential stem cells into neurons and astrocytes. This differentiation was first described in 2001. In this respect, the liver is of special interest to cellular biologists who deal with stem cells. Two types of cells in the liver of an adult claim to be stem cells: hepatocytes under extreme conditions (partial hepatectomy) acquire properties of unipotential stem cells able to form only one type of differential cells of a lower level; poorly differentiated oval cells possessing biopotential properties, that is, able to form both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In dentistry and oral surgery, transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells can be used for the restoration of bone tissue or regeneration of the dental tissue. During transplantation, stem cells isolated from the bone marrow can provide restoration of the damaged osseous tissue of the face, and cells isolated from the tooth pulp restore dentin. Our review of scientific literature concerning the questions of investigation of stem cells is indicative of considerable interest of scientists in this issue. It should be noted that foreign scientific literature on the issue prevails considerably. It is reasonable to indicate that amount of scientific research carried out by our domestic scientists is not adequate. Thus, considering the above, the subject of our study is rather relevant.
Changes in the modern university: challenges and development trends
Authors: Nechytailo O. , Kolotylo O.
Published: February 2022

Relevance. The global coronavirus pandemic has made significant adjustments to the higher education system, inducing the search for optimal teaching methods that will optimize the educational process for all its applicants, and will enable to perform an adequate assessment of the level of knowledge of students.Purpose of work. Determine the best methods of online teaching material for students, depending on their characteristics of perception of information, as well as provide an effective way to control knowledge.Material and methods. During the quarantine period and online training, the Google Meet platform was used to conduct online workshops and seminars. Depending on whether the information channel of information perception prevailed among the majority of students in the group, an individual approach to presenting information with different types of clarity was used. Evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of presenting the material was carried out through intermediate and current control of knowledge, as well as oral questioning of students at the end of the semester.Results. The highest productivity of information perception was found when combining different teaching methods during one lesson, when students take turns using a sound, visual analyzer, and also holding pre-printed materials in their hands. The use of short scenarios of simulation medicine, when there is an opportunity to improve communicative competence, significantly increases the activity of students during the lesson, manifests itself in the number of "raised hands" and comments in the chat. The ingenuity and perseverance of the teacher makes it possible to objectively assess the knowledge of students, despite the obvious difficulties, online learning brings. Conclusion. During quarantine and distance learning, the most effective are the methods of combined presentation of the material, when students have the opportunity to use all channels of information perception.
The role of eosinophil-mediated inflammation in the formation of respiratory remodeling in patients with bronchial asthma of school age children
Authors: Dubetska T. , Koloskova O. , Bilyk G.
Published: February 2022

Objective. To investigate the features of inflammatory changes in the airways, taking into account remodeling markers, determined directly in the sputum of school age children with bronchial asthma, and to optimize the management of this disease.Material and methods. To study the features of the formation of airway remodeling 75 children with persistent bronchial asthma were comprehensively examined on the basis of the Regional Communal Non-Commercial Enterprise "Chernivtsi Regional Children's Clinical Hospital". The children were divided into 2 clinical groups depending on the level of vasoendothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the sputum supernatant. The first (I) group included 37 schoolchildren whose VEGF concentration exceeded 80.0 ng / ml, and MMP-9 was more than 5.2 ng / ml. The second (II) comparison group was formed by 38 children in whom BA was not accompanied by accumulation of airway remodeling markers in the sputum supernatant above the indicated distribution point.Research results. The features of the formation of airway remodeling based on the accumulation of sputum markers such as VEGF> 80.0 ng / ml, MMP-9> 5.2 ng / ml were established. It was shown that bronchial remodeling is associated with a decrease in the group of patients with mild persistent asthma, loss of control over its symptoms, prevalence of family allergic history burdens according to both parental pedigrees and the negative effect of maternity smoking. The most sensitive marker in the verification of bronchial remodeling turned out to be a high marginal content of total IgE (> 750 IU / ml) in blood serum (test sensitivity - 95.8% (95% CI 89.7-98.8), which is advisable to combine in the diagnostic algorithm with more specific tests to optimize airway remodeling verification and develop personalized treatment strategies.Conclusion. The formation of bronchial remodeling in bronchial asthma in school age children is associated with the eosinophilic nature of bronchial inflammation, which is accompanied by an increase in the level of blood eosinophilia (> 10%) and sputum (on average 10.5 ± 1.0%) with an increase in myeloperoxidase activity and signs of degranulation of acidophilic granulocytes in sputum, as well as a high marginal concentration of total IgE (> 750 IU / ml) in blood serum in 95.8% of patients.
Analysis of relationship between rs4102217-MALAT1 gene polymorphism with ischemic atherothrobotic stroke in persons with normal and high blood pressure
Authors: Moiseenko K.
Published: February 2022

Background. Ischemic atherothrombotic stroke (IATS) – multifactorial disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Despite numerous studies of the pathogenetic component of ischemic stroke, there are no preclinical biomarkers that could support the study of molecular and physiological processes that lead to stroke. That's why a strategy for studying the pathogenesis of stroke is to start by identifying the genes associated with stroke. In particular, with ischemic stroke, an abnormal expression of MALAT1 plays an important role in such processes as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, the study of the connection of the SNP variant of the MALAT1 with an IATS is few and not carried out in the Ukrainian population.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of rs4102217-polymorphism of the MALAT1 gene with ischemic stroke in individuals with normal and high blood pressure. Materials and methods. Venous blood of 200 patients with IATS was used for the study; the control group consisted of 234 practically healthy donors. To determine the SNP of rs4102217 MALAT1 was used polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR). SPSS program (version 17.0, IBM, USA) was used for most statistical analyses. Results. It was found that the ratio of GG, GC and CC genotypes among the persons of the control group that had an increased AP - 84.9%, 13.7% and 1.4% respectively, and in the subgroup of persons from the main group with high blood pressure - 62,7%, 30.0%, 7.3% respectively. By applying χ2 – Pearson criterion was established a statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between the comparative groups (χ2 - 12,015; P - 0,002). The results of logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant associations of IATS polymorphism in three models. So, the risk of development of IATS increases 2,97 times for patients with arterial hypertension, who are carriers of the C-allele (ORadj = 2,97; 95% CI = 1,286-6,785; Padj = 0,011 - for a dominant model). Conclusions. There is a link between the rs4102217-polymorphism of the MALAT1 gene and the development of IATI in people with normal and high blood pressure.
Inovasi Media Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Belajar Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Suharto Abdul Wachid Bambang
Published: February 2022

Guru harus dapat melakukan berbagai inovasi dalam pembelajaran. Salah satu inovasi yang dapat dilakukan adalah pada media pembelajaran agar dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar siswa. Media pembelajaran merupakan komponen penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas interaksi baik antara guru dengan siswa atau antara siswa dengan lingkungan belajarnya. Guru harus memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam memilih dan menggunakan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis inovasi media audio, visual, dan audio visual dalam pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa di MI Ma’arif NU 1 Sokanegara Purbalingga. Untuk memperoleh data, peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Analisis data diambil secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru di MI Ma’arif NU 1 Sokanegara Purbalingga sudah melakukan inovasi media pembelajaran. Media yang digunakan dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam proses pembelajaran dan menstimulasi siswa dalam berimajinasi dan berpikir sehingga siswa mampu mengeluarkan gagasan baru sesuai dengan tema pembelajaran. Media yang paling sering digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran adalah audio visual. Media ini mampu meningkatkan kreativitas belajar siswa karena mudah, transparan, objektif, dan fleksibel.
Геометрическая модель атомных ядер
Authors: Boldov Ilya
Published: February 2022

В статье предлагается к рассмотрению Геометрическая Модель атомных ядер и показано деление U238 по межкластерным (He4) связям на неравные осколки.
INFLUENCE FEATURES OF OFFICE BUILDING RENTAL: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Abdul Salam Muhamad Harussani , Mohd Thuraiya , Masrom Suraya , Johari Noraini , Mohamad Saraf Mohamad Haizam
Published: February 2022

In reviewing rental trends, investors are unable to rely on market data from real estate transactions due to inaccurate property rental valuations by valuers. Hence the objective of this research which is to identify the influencing features of office building rentals. This study performs a systematic review on the influencing features of office building rentals based on the PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis. The results obtained indicate that office rent determinants such as green labels, vacancy levels, and location-specifics, have significant impact on office rents. This paper provides new insights for investors and valuers in determining office rental values in the real estate market.
METODE PENETAPAN OBJEK HUKUM ISLAM (MAHKUM FIH): (STUDI KASUS PADA PENENTUAN PERBUATAN HUKUM DALAM ATURAN LALU LINTAS)
Authors: Sugitanata Arif , Pontoh Karmila
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In this article the author describes material with the theme of mahkum fih, where mahkum fih itself is the act or act or behavior of mukallaf which is closely related to sharia law, the sharia command is characterized by mandatory, haram, makruh, mandub or, permissible when in the form of law. taklifi. As for if it is in the form of wadh'i law, then sometimes it is in the form of mukallaf acts as in muammalah and jinayat. And sometimes not in the form of an act of mukallaf. One of the principles of recognition and protection related to human dignity has been outlined in QS al Isra verse 33 which can be drawn a legal line that humans are prohibited from taking the lives of both other people and their own lives. Here it is clear that the right to life and the right to protection for life are obligatory on state administrators. The author's analysis of the argument that can be used to give taklif to the mukallaf regarding traffic rules is QS al Isra verse 33, where the meaning of QS al Isra verse 33 is: "And do not kill a soul that Allah has forbidden (killing him), except for a right reason and whoever is killed unjustly, then indeed, We have given power to his guardian, but do not let his guardian exceed the limit in killing. Indeed, he is the one who gets help."

Abstrak

Dalam artikel ini penulis memaparkan materi dengan tema mahkum fih, dimana mahkum fih itu sendiri ialah perbutan atau tindakan atau perilaku mukallaf yag erat kaitannya dengan hukum Syari’, perintah Syari’ tersebut disifati dengan wajib, haram, makruh, mandub atau, mubah ketika berupa hukum taklifi. Adapun apabila berupa hukum wadh’I, maka terkadang berupa perbuatan mukallaf seperti pada muammalah dan jinayat. Dan terkadang tidak berupa perbuatan mukallaf. Salah satu prinsip pengakuan dan perlindungan yang berkaitan dengan martabat manusia itu telah digariskan dalam QS al Isra ayat 33 yang dimana dapat ditarik suatu garis hukum bahwa manusia dilarang menghilangkan nyawa baik nyawa orang lain maupun nyawanya sendiri. Disini terlihat jelas bahwa hak untuk hidup dan hak atas perlindungan untuk dihidup diwajibkan pada penyelanggara Negara.analisa penulis dalil yang bisa digunakan untuk memberikan taklif terhadap mukallaf mengenai tata tertib dalam lalu lintas ialah QS al Isra ayat 33, dimana pengertian dari QS al Isra ayat 33 ialah : “Dan janganlah kamu membunuh jiwa yang diharamkan Allah (membunuhnya), melainkan dengan suatu alasan yang benar dan barangsiapa dibunuh secara zalim, maka sesungguhnya, Kami telah memberi kekuasaan kepada walinya, tetapi janganlah walinya itu melampaui batas dalam pembunuhan. Sesungguhnya dia adalah orang yang mendapat pertolongan.”
AC650, AC653, AC656 and AD460 antibodies recognize the human CD8α protein by flow cytometry
Authors: Zholdokov Maxime , Vigneau Mathieu , Tamrat Bethania , Siebenmann Emma , Schär Julien , Prutyanova Yekaterina , Ollagnon Marin , Michel Garance , Mendes Ferreira Vincent , Maag Anja , Lung Maria , Lopez Patricia , Khadam-Al-Jame Tasnim , Gillet Hugo , Garrido Eva , Farhat Hania , Calomeni Alexis , Bury Agnès , Boeva Diana , Bobillier Marc , Berlincourt Jade , Baltazar Luca , Arbez Tess , Adomako Benjamin , Marchetti Anna , Durual Stéphane , Aubry-Lachainaye Jean-Pierre , Guilhen Cyril
Published: February 2022

The recombinant antibodies AC650, AC653, AC656 and AD460 detect the human CD8α protein by flow cytometry.
AC650, AC653, AC656 and AD460 antibodies label the human CD8α protein by immunofluorescence
Authors: Guilhen Cyril , Khadam-Al-Jame Tasnim , Gillet Hugo , Garrido Eva , Farhat Hania , Calomeni Alexis , Bury Agnès , Boeva Diana , Bobillier Marc , Berlincourt Jade , Baltazar Luca , Arbez Tess , Adomako Benjamin , Zholdokov Maxime , Vigneau Mathieu , Tamrat Bethania , Siebenmann Emma , Schär Julien , Prutyanova Yekaterina , Ollagnon Marin , Michel Garance , Mendes Ferreira Vincent , Maag Anja , Lung Perez Maria , Lopez Naveira Patricia , Marchetti Anna , Prodon François , Durual Stéphane
Published: February 2022

The recombinant antibodies AC650, AC653, AC656 and AD460 detect by immunofluorescence the human CD8α protein.
Pathology in Practice
Authors: Lui Clinson , Forster David , Alcaraz Ana
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Pathology in Practice
Authors: Townsend Kile S. , Johnson Philip J. , LaCarrubba Alison M. , Leach Stacey B. , Zinn Michael M. , Kim Dae Young , Johnson Gayle C.
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Pathology in Practice
Authors: Shaw Ashley , Siepker Chris , Brown Corrie
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Patterson Lauren , Slater Robert , Hsue Weihow
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
The Media Literacy of Teenagers
Authors: Fastrez Pierre , Lacelle Nathalie , Bihl Julia , Gladu Eve , Delamotte Eric , Delarue-Breton Catherine , Ronveaux Christophe , Sutter Widmer Denise
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present the conceptual framework, objectives, and methodology of an interdisciplinary research program (2018–2022) on the media literacy competence of teenagers in French-speaking Belgium, Quebec, France, and Switzerland. The program is undertaken by researchers in four universities, one in each national context. Focusing on information search and multimodal production as core media literacy activities, this program develops a multi-level assessment method to measure media literacy competence at varying levels of complexity. Additionally, we relate task-based measures of competence with self-reported competence and practices and seek to document the influence of the students’ interpretation of the tasks contexts and purposes, their motivation and feeling of empowerment, and their collaborative practices on the exercise of their media literacy. Preliminary results reveal that students report substantially higher levels of competence in information search than in web production; however, this difference is reduced when students assess their ability to perform specific search-related or production-related actions. These results are discussed in light of the potential usefulness of the program for teachers and for curricular design.
Effect of growth regulators concentrations on in vitro multiplication of three elite sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Genotypes using shoot tip culture
Authors: Amente Gerema , Feyissa Tileye
Published: February 2022

Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. Micropropagation is the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely randomized design with 2x3x3 and 4x5x3 factorial treatment arrangements respectively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Q200 showed a maximum of 13.59 shoots per explant with 5.83cm shoot length on a medium fortified with 2 mg/l BAP alone, while genotype Q217 produced a maximum of 15.28 shoots per explant with 5.37cm mean shoot length on a medium supplied with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l kinetin. Likewise, Co-0238 produced a maximum of 13.56 shoots per explant with a mean shoot length 6.50 cm on medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l kinetin.
Técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes para detección de plagas y enfermedades en cultivos: una revisión
Authors: Gómez-Camperos July , Jaramillo Haidee , Guerrero-Gómez Gustavo
Published: February 2022

La detección adecuada de plagas y enfermedades en la producción de cultivos es fundamental para aumentar la producción agrícola de forma sostenible. Es por esta razón, que se incorpora el término Agricultura 4.0, la cual integra un conjunto de tecnologías, dispositivos, protocolos y paradigmas computacionales para mejorar los procesos agrícolas. La información sobre las condiciones climáticas, suelos, enfermedades, insectos, semillas, fertilizantes, constituye una importante contribución al desarrollo económico y sostenible de este sector. Las técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes son una herramienta que permite la identificación temprana de las plagas o enfermedades en los cultivos como: cereales, frutales, raíces, hojas y tubérculos; y de esta forma, mitigar pérdidas económicas en el sector agrícola. A nivel mundial, alrededor del 40% de los cultivos son desechados por diversas enfermedades y plagas. En la mayoría de los casos, las enfermedades de los cultivos producen síntomas y características visibles durante el crecimiento de las plantas. Debido a la escasez de tecnologías utilizadas en los cultivos, el diagnóstico de las enfermedades y plagas se soporta en gran parte en la inspección humana, generando errores ocasionados por la subjetividad de los individuos. La presente revisión de literatura se llevó a cabo con la finalidad de identificar diferentes técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes para la prevención de plagas y enfermedades en cultivos de los diferentes sectores agrícolas. Los resultados demostraron que el sistema de diagnóstico está compuesto de la adquisición de imágenes, preprocesamiento de imágenes, la segmentación, la extracción de características, la selección de características y la posterior clasificación de las plagas o enfermedades; asimismo, se presentan las tendencias y desafíos actuales en la temática.
Revisión del uso de tecnologías y dispositivos IoT en los sistemas de seguridad física
Authors: Castaño Gómez Mauricio , López Echeverry Ana María , Villa Sánchez Paula Andrea
Published: February 2022

En la actualidad ha habido un incremento en la inseguridad y robos a viviendas, edificios y diversos lugares sociales, lo que ha llevado a la búsqueda e implementación de mecanismos que permitan proteger a las personas y a estos sitios. De esta manera, las casas con Sistemas de Seguridad Física (SSF) son menos afectados por estos hechos, y gracias al avance tecnológico y la aparición del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) dichos sistemas han mejorado bastante, llegando a suplir varias necesidades con funcionalidades novedosas, que son posibles por los nuevos dispositivos y tecnologías. En este sentido, es deseable resolver el cuestionamiento sobre ¿cuáles son los dispositivos y tecnologías del IoT más comúnmente utilizados en diferentes diseños de SSF? Así pues, el propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la revisión literaria hecha, en la que se buscó identificar los elementos comunes utilizados en los SSF modernos basados en IoT, destacando las ventajas, desventajas y limitaciones de los sistemas implementados.
Localización de Distorsiones Armónicas en Sistemas Eléctricos usando Sensado Comprimido
Authors: Amaya Vásquez Luis , Inga-Ortega Esteban
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo es un estudio del estado del arte, donde se analiza las ventajas y desventajas de las diferentes técnicas clásicas de procesamiento digital de señales usadas para identificar frecuencias armónicas que distorsiona las formas de onda de voltaje y corriente de una red eléctrica. Tomando como referencia las técnicas clásicas que determinan la distorsión armónica de una señal eléctrica. Se propone una alternativa para la detección de frecuencias armónicas en una forma de onda eléctrica, basada en algoritmos de sensado comprimido; esta técnica extrae una muestra eficiente y reducida de la señal en estudio, dicha muestra es transformada al dominio de la frecuencia mediante una base de transformación que, para el presente caso de estudio es la transformada discreta del coseno (DCT). La señal reducida en el dominio de la frecuencia es sometida a un proceso de optimización no lineal, el cual clasifica los coeficientes, extrae los más representativos y convierte en cero a los menos representativos, es aquí donde salen a relucir de una forma clara y precisa las frecuencias armónicas, inmersas en la forma de onda eléctrica, con las cuales se calcula la distorsión armónica (THD). Este artículo muestra un ejemplo de la técnica de sensado comprimido, para la detección de frecuencias armónicas en una señal sinusoidal teórica la cual está contaminada por armónicos de tercero y quinto orden, se extrae el vector de coeficientes optimizado y se identifica las frecuencias armónicas.
Manejo privado y público de los sistemas de abastecimiento urbano de agua y saneamiento: De la privatización a la remunicipalización
Authors: Romero-Hernandez Clara Marcela
Published: February 2022

Este artículo documenta el manejo público y privado del servicio de agua y saneamiento básico en algunas ciudades a lo largo del mundo. Se analizan las condiciones internacionales en las que la privatización se impulsó por diversas organizaciones internacionales y que llevo a muchas ciudades a tener dificultades financieras y un deficiente servicio por contratos firmados con grandes multinacionales.  Para el caso de Colombia, se realiza una línea de tiempo de modificaciones normativas e institucionales que permitieron la entrada del sector privado en la prestación del servicio de agua. Se documenta los mecanismos que utilizaron las ciudades para recuperar los servicios de abastecimiento de agua y los retos que tienen para lograr el acceso universal al recurso hídrico. También se identifican las transformaciones empresariales a través del tiempo de dos empresas que manejan el servicio de acueducto y alcantarillado (EMCALI y EPM) que han sobrevivido a través de los cambios de normativa y una dura competencia del sector privado.
Herramienta para el Análisis de Evaluaciones Heurísticas de Usabilidad Mediante Lógica Difusa
Authors: Chanchí-Golondrino Gabriel Elías , Ospina-Alarcón Manuel Alejandro , Campo-Muñoz Wilmar Yesid
Published: February 2022

Con el incremento en el número de aplicaciones desplegadas en la nube y el número de usuarios que pueden consumirlas, aspectos como la usabilidad se han vuelto fundamentales a la hora de promover el diseño centrado en el usuario. En este sentido uno de los métodos más difundidos de cara a la evaluación de la usabilidad de un producto software es la evaluación heurística, en la cual un grupo de evaluadores expertos identifica un conjunto de problemas de diseño teniendo en cuenta principios de usabilidad y evalúa dichos problemas usando los criterios de: severidad, frecuencia y criticidad. Con el fin de determinar de manera óptima el nivel de criticidad de los diferentes problemas identificados dentro de una inspección, en este artículo se propone el desarrollo de una herramienta basada en lógica difusa para la determinación del porcentaje de criticidad, a partir de los valores de entrada de severidad y frecuencia de cada problema. Tanto las entradas como las salidas cuentan con funciones de membresía y reglas de inferencia, descritas en el lenguaje FCL (Fuzzy Control Language). Finalmente, la herramienta propuesta fue validada a través del análisis de los resultados de una evaluación heurística realizada al Sistema Gestor de Bases de Datos Sevenet de la Industria Licorera del Cauca, de tal modo que permitió identificar los niveles de criticidad de salida de cada uno de los problemas de dicha inspección.
Influencia del tratamiento térmico en las propiedades estructurales y ópticas de nanoestructuras basadas en óxidos de cobre
Authors: Tamayo Kevin , Marín Lorena , Gross Katherine , Amaya Cesar , Reyes David , Lopera Wilson , Gómez María
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo muestra la influencia de diferentes condiciones de tratamientos térmicos sobre el crecimiento de nanoestructuras de óxidos de cobre, las cuales se forman al someter una película de cobre de 388 ± 7 nm de espesor a una temperatura de 400 °C en atmósfera de aire. Las capas delgadas de cobre se crecieron sobre sustratos de silicio, mediante la técnica de evaporación térmica. Los parámetros involucrados en este estudio son: la condición inicial para la cual las muestras llegan a 400 °C, es decir, con rampa y sin rampa de calentamiento y el tiempo de recocido.  Basándose en los resultados obtenidos por microscopía electrónica de barrido y difracción de rayos X, fue posible establecer que los tratamientos térmicos, generan un cambio tanto en la estructura cristalina como en la morfología de la capa de Cu, mediado por la formación de nanoestructuras de carácter mixto, conformadas por una mezcla de fases referentes a Cu metálico, Cuprita (Cu2O) y Tenorita (CuO), siendo el CuO la fase mayoritaria en todas las muestras nanoestructuradas. El tamaño de grano promedio se encuentra en un rango entre 21 – 53 nm y muestra una dependencia con el tipo de tratamiento térmico. Por otra parte, las propiedades ópticas del material fueron evaluadas por espectroscopia UV-VIS, evidenciando bandas de absorción en ambas regiones (ultravioleta y visible), las cuales fueron analizadas por el método de extrapolación de Tauc; obteniendo valores para la banda prohibida entre (1.40 – 1.47) eV, asociados a una conductividad tipo-P propia de esta clase de óxidos metálicos semiconductores.
Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate as hemostatic agent in healing and repair after mineral trioxide aggregate vital pulp therapy in young permanent teeth – A clinical study
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Garg Shalini , Dhindsa Abhishek , Jain Neetu , Joshi Sakshi , Gupta Anil
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical success of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) partial pulpotomy as a definitive procedure in deeply carious permanent posterior teeth using 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or normal saline as hemostatic agents.

Materials and Methods:

A pilot randomized control clinical trial was conducted on subjects with a deep carious lesion on 20 immature posterior teeth of subjects (10.8 ± 2.62 years). Caries and the superficial layer of exposed pulp were removed and then flushed with 0.12% CHX or saline solution. Gray MTA was placed, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer and composite.

Results:

12 months follow-up showed 100% clinical and 90% radiographical success in both groups. Dentine Bridge was formed 90% in both the study and control group, which showed MTA partial pulpotomy is an effective procedure (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

MTA partial pulpotomy using 0.12% CHX gluconate as a hemostatic agent for the treatment of deeply carious immature permanent posterior teeth appears to increase the radiographic rate of formation of dentin bridge as compared to the normal saline.
Implant free techniques in surgeries for sports related injuries of the knee
Authors: Varughese Ajay Alex , Sahanand Santosh K. , Rajan David V.
Published: February 2022

Arthroscopic surgeries can be made cost effective by avoiding the use of implants whenever possible. Usage of confluent tunnels, suture bridges, bone bridges, and modifications in standard arthroscopic procedures will help us in achieving comparable mechanical as well as the functional outcome at the same time have technical advantages and cause less financial burden to the patient. On this technical note, we propose the use of various implant free techniques in arthroscopic and other sports related surgeries of the knee.
Symptomatic thoracic ossified ligamentum flavum in achondroplasia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Sami Sam Hajialiloo , Amirzadeh Mahan , Rahimizadeh Shaghayegh , Asgari Naser
Published: February 2022

Background:

In a patient with achondroplasia, it is rare to encounter thoracic cord compression due to both spinal stenosis and ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL).

Case Description:

A 33-year-old achondroplastic female presented with a progressive spastic paraparesis attributed to thoracic stenosis combined with T10-T11 OYL. Following a laminectomy, the patient demonstrated a marked recovery of neurological function.

Conclusion:

This case and 12 others from the literature demonstrated that achondroplastic patients who present with myelopathy secondary to thoracic stenosis and OYL can be readily diagnosed with MR/CT and successfully treated utilizing decompressive laminectomies with/without fusions (i.e., for those crossing the thoracolumbar junction).
Impaired visual acuity as an only symptom of shunt malfunction, long time after initial cyst-peritoneal shunting for arachnoid cyst: A case report
Authors: Ono Kotaro , Mukae Nobutaka , Nishimura Ataru , Arimura Koichi , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Yoshimoto Koji , Iihara Koji
Published: February 2022

Background:

Long-term outcomes after surgical treatment of arachnoid cysts (ACs) have not been reported adequately. Impaired visual acuity is not a common symptom of shunt dependency syndrome due to cyst-peritoneal (CP) shunt malfunction for ACs. We report a case of CP shunt malfunction, who presented only impaired visual acuity as a symptom, long after the initial surgical treatment.

Case Description:

A 16-year-old boy was surgically treated for the left frontal AC with CP shunting at 2 years of age. Extension of the peritoneal shunt catheter was performed at 15 years of age. A year later, he started experiencing impairment of visual acuity without headaches, which worsened to bilateral light perception. The presence of bilateral optic atrophy was confirmed. The AC in the left frontal lobe had enlarged very slightly, with shortening of the intracystic catheter, and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was elevated to 30 cmH2O. He was treated with lumboperitoneal shunting. The visual acuity showed limited improvement.

Conclusion:

The possibility of CP shunt malfunction and shunt dependency syndrome should be considered, even if the patient presented only impaired visual acuity and no significant changes in the size of the ACs are observed.
The claw sign predicts first-pass effect in mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Yamamoto Nobuaki , Kanematsu Yasuhisa , Yamaguchi Izumi , Ishihara Manabu , Miyamoto Takeshi , Sogabe Shu , Shimada Kenji , Takagi Yasushi , Izumi Yuishin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for acute cerebral large vessel occlusion (LVO). Complete recanalization of vessels in a single procedure is defined as the first-pass effect (FPE) and is associated with good prognosis. In this study, angiographic clot protruding sign termed the “claw sign,” was examined as candidate preoperative imaging factor for predicting the FPE.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed data from 91 consecutive patients treated for acute LVO in the anterior circulation by MT between January 2014 and December 2019. The claw sign was defined as a thrombus that protruded proximally by more than half of the diameter of the parent artery. Radiological findings such as claw sign, clinical and etiological features, and outcomes were compared between groups with and without successful FPE. Multivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate perioperative factors associated with FPE.

Results:

FPE was achieved in 26 of 91 (28.6%) patients and the claw sign was observed in 34 of 91 (37.4%) patients. The claw sign was significantly more frequent in the successful FPE group than in the failed FPE group (53.8% vs. 30.8%; P = 0.040). After the multivariate analysis, the claw sign was the only pretreatment parameter that could predict FPE (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–7.06; P = 0.047).

Conclusion:

The claw sign is an angiographic imaging factor that might predict FPE after MT for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.
Intractable hiccups and neck pain due to left C4 radiculopathy decreased with posterior foraminotomy
Authors: Maki Yoshinori , Kawasaki Toshinari , Takayama Motohiro
Published: February 2022

Background:

Intractable hiccups can last for more than 1–2 months and can occur, as shown in this case study, due to cervical nerve root compression.

Case Description:

A 76-year-old male presented with intractable hiccups and neck pain of 7 months’ duration. The patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging studies of the entire neuraxis. The only abnormality found was on the cervical magnetic resonance images that demonstrated left C4 nerve root compression due to the C3– C4 lateral/foraminal osteophyte. Following a left-sided C3–C4 laminoforaminotomy, the hiccups and the neck pain improved.

Conclusion:

A 76-year-old male presented with intractable hiccups and neck pain attributed to a left C3/C4 lateral/foraminal spondylotic ridge. Following a left C3–C4 laminoforaminotomy, the frequency of hiccup attacks remained the same, but their duration was markedly shortened to 30 s, while the neck pain improved.
Cranial fibrous dysplasia: An institutional experience and review of the literature
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Dey Subhasish , Dubey Ashish , Lakdawala Lavina
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cranial or craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) is a rare entity which most often presents with either incidental finding or with pain/cosmetic disfigurement or visual/hearing problems. Multidisciplinary treatment with close follow-up or medical management/surgery is options. Management of these lesions can often give satisfying results. There is a dearth of neurosurgical literature on this subject matter. Our objective was to review the clinical symptomatology and outcome of CFD patients managed in our institution.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study of CFD patients managed in our institution over a period of 5 years. Clinical and radiological data were collected from departmental database. Outcomes were evaluated immediately and on 1–4 years follow-up.

Results:

A total of 21 patients were managed over a period of 5 years with age ranging from 12 to 55 years and symptoms of cosmetic issues or visual disturbance. Preoperative computed tomography scan with 3D reconstruction with bone window was done in all patients. In most of the patients (16/20), immediate reconstruction was done following excision. Five patients were managed conservatively. Follow-up was obtained over a period ranging from 1 to 4 years and all (except one) patients are doing well. Only one patient had permanent visual impairment in spite of early intervention.

Conclusion:

Craniofacial dysplasia has various modalities of management. Careful selection of patients for surgical or conservative management is feasible with good results both in short and long term.
Potential hemorrhagic risk of endovascular revascularization therapy due to recanalization of the dissected perforator in intracranial internal carotid artery dissection: A case report
Authors: Ishida Tomohisa , Sakata Hiroyuki , Ezura Masayuki , Inoue Takashi , Saito Atsushi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Tominaga Teiji
Published: February 2022

Background:

Intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection manifesting as ischemic stroke is rare. Although endovascular revascularization therapy is effective in preventing the progression of stroke, little is known about the potential risk of this therapeutic approach.

Case Description:

We report a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with acute ischemic infarcts in the territory of the left anterior choroidal artery (AChA) due to intracranial ICA dissection. She underwent balloon angioplasty, resulting in the complete resolution of the stenosis. The AChA, which was nearly occluded preoperatively, was unexpectedly recanalized after the procedure. Four hours later, she developed a parenchymal hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia without subarachnoid hemorrhage. The AChA, suspected as the hemorrhagic source during surgical hematoma removal, was revealed to have a disrupted internal elastic lamina on pathological examination, suggesting that the dissection of the ICA extended to the AChA.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating that the intracranial ICA dissection extends to the associated perforator. Considering the potential risk of subsequent hemorrhagic complications by recanalization of the dissected perforator, prudent postoperative management, including strict blood pressure control, is advisable following endovascular revascularization therapy against intracranial artery dissection involving perforators.
Role of Particle-Matrix Interface in the Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Filled Epoxy Resins
Authors: Kaiser Tony
Published: February 2022

As a result of their superior mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties particulate-filled epoxies are finding widespread use in the fabrication of a large number of engineering components, one important example being as electrical insulators for the power industry. Since these
materials are mainly subjected to continuous mechanical loads (in addition to a continuous dielectrical stress), there is an apparent need first to understand and then to predict the processes of deformation and fracture during long-term loading conditions. A few years ago, the respective
material science knowledge was very limited, and design was mainly based on experience and purely empirical work. During recent years, however, a rather comprehensive understanding of the short and long-term deformation and fracture behaviour of these brittle, highly cross-linked polymers,
especially of silica-filled anhydride-cured epoxies, has been accumulated. This holds particularly for the understanding of their creep behaviour, i.e. the deformation-induced volume damage and the mechanisms which are responsible for creep failure. In this article, a survey will given
on the applications, and the deformation and fracture behaviour of particulate-epoxies. In particular, the role of particle-matrix interface in connexion with deformation, fracture, and creep behaviour and the related deformation-induced volume damage is discussed. A complete understanding
of the role of the particle-matrix interface is still lacking and, therefore, a coherent description is not possible, and the true practical value of a filler surface treatment is not yet known. However, the following can be said: local as well as global debonding between matrix and filler
should be prevented; local debonding tends to act as a critical flaw (in a fracture mechanics sense) and leads to brittle failure. Global debonding is equivalent to creep damage and leads to premature failure of the respective component.
Determination of Heats of Reaction under Refluxing Conditions
Authors: Wiss Jacques , Stoessel Francis , Killé Gerard
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of thermal measurements under reflux conditions strongly depends on the experimental conditions. The temperature difference TJ–TR imposed on the system and the temperature of the reactor lid and reflux equipment play an important
role. The optimization of these parameters and their use in the evaluation of different chemical model reactions is shown.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Applications in Chemistry
Authors: Börnsen K. Olaf , Schär Martin , Widmer H. Michael
Published: February 2022

The present paper gives a summary of the potentialities of matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Mass spectrometric information on different chemical and biochemical species are obtained with LDI-MS. Sulfonic acids, polysaccharides, oligonucleotides,
and peptides were measured as negatively or positively charged ions in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The amount of sample for a measurement lies between 50 pmol and 100 fmol and is, thus, comparable with other analytical and mass spectrometric methods. The large mass range from
0.6 kDa up to 200 kDa is accessible with LDI-MS. Molecular-weight determination can be done with an accuracy of less than 0.2%. Comparison with RP HPLC reveals the power of LDI-MS as an analytical tool.