bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) Including the Segment L5/S1 for Multi-level Lumbar Spondylodesis
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, European Spine Centre of Excellence, Brig, Switzerland, Schmid SL , Krappel FA , Zegarek GF ,   Department of Orthopedics, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland, Perrig WA ,   Department of Orthopedics, European Spine Centre of Excellence, Brig, Switzerland, Panev SS ,   Department of Orthopedics, European Spine Centre of Excellence, Brig, Switzerland
Published: December 2023

Study Design: This is a single centre retrospective study of 24 cases of multilevel degeneration of the lumbar spine treated with the XLIF procedure including the level L5/S1. Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the feasibility of including the L5/S1 segment in treating the degenerative lumbar spine using the XLIF procedure and demonstrating the preoperative conditions necessary to do so. Summary of background data: In the last decades, more and more elderly patients suffer from pain and disability due to degenerative instability of the lumbar spine. Spinal fusion procedures, including XLIF, have proven good results despite significant complication and revision rates. Methods: 24 patients (mean age 66 years, range 32 – 89 years) who would be candidates for XLIF surgery at L5/S1 were included. Preoperative anatomical assessment of the iliac crest in relation to the L5/S1 disc space was performed. All patients were operated with the aid of neuromonitoring using a mini-invasive XLIF approach with direct visualisation of the psoas muscle. Complication rates, surgery time, and blood loss were calculated as well as clinical results using the VAS score preoperative, and at 6 weeks, 3 months and 1 year postoperative. Results: The mean postoperative VAS score improved from 7.8 preoperative to 3.1 at one-year followup. There was one case of pseudoarthrosis at the L5/S1 level. There were no new neurological deficits postoperatively. We report a total complication rate of 29%. Conclusion: The XLIF procedure for multilevel lumbar spine fusion is feasible at the L5/S1 level in patients with certain anatomical prerequisites, predominantly in females. The procedure should be done under direct visualization. The clinical outcome and revision rate is comparable to other multilevel fusion techniques
PENGARU ARUS KAS PENDANAAN DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE PERIODE 2019-2022 YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sandika Eugenius Flaviano , Kusumawardhani Ratih , Rinofah Risal
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh arus kas pendanaan dan levergae terhadap financial distress,serta untuk mengetahui apakah profitabilitas mampu memoderasi pengaruh arus kas pendanaan dan leverage terhadap financial distress.Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling pada perusahaan properti dan real estate yaang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2022.Ada 13 perusahaaan yang dijadikan sampel pada penelitian ini.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif.Metode analisis data menggunakan uji koefesien determinasi (R2),analisis Moderated Regression Analysis ,dan uji t (uji parsial).Adapun hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa arus kas pendanaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress,leverage berpengaruh terhadap financial distress,profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh arus kas pendanaan terhadap financial distress,dan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi mampu memoderasi pengaruh leverage terhadap financial distress.

Kata Kunci : Arus Kas Pendanaan,Leverage,Financial Distress,Profitabilitas
Red onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) skin as an antibacterial on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Anindita Reza , Pamungkas Elva Dwi , Inggraini Maulin , Perwitasari Melania , Beandrade Maya Uzia , Putri Intan Kurnia , Nathalia Dede Dwi , Harahap Nofria Rizki Amalia , Anggarany Ariska Deffy
Published: December 2023

The main bacteria that cause infection in humans is Staphylococcus aureus. Efforts to prevent infectious diseases caused by bacteria can be made by using plant parts that have medicinal potential. One part of the plant that needs to be explored for its potential is the skin of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research aimed to determine the effect of red onion skin extract on the growth of S. aureus bacteria. The research design is experimental. The samples in this study were 1 kg of red onion skin and a bacterial sub-culture of S. aureus ATCC: 25923. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent and evaporated using a rotary evaporator and water bath. The antibacterial test was carried out by administering 30 µg chloramphenicol (positive control), sterile distilled water (negative control), and red onion skin extract with concentrations of 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% with 3 repetitions. All treatments were given to S. aureus at 30 µL each using the Kirby-Baeur method. The research instrument was an observation sheet of the diameter of the inhibition zone. Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA. The results of this study show that ethanol extract of red onion skin with concentrations of 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% was able to produce S. aureus inhibition zone diameters of 3.5 mm, 4 mm, 4.2 mm, and 4.3 mm. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test showed a significance value of 0.15 (sig>0.05), not proven to be able to significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus. The conclusion shows that red onion skin extract as an antibacterial is not able to significantly inhibit the growth of S. aureus.
Analisa Pengaruh Ukuran Mesh dan Curring Time Pada Komposit Serbuk Kayu Nyatoh Terhadap Pengujian Tarik
Authors: Somawardi Somawardi , Akbar Rafsanjani Alfarobbi , Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Sukanto Sukanto
Published: January 2024

Beragam jenis pohon tumbuh di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah pohon Nyatoh. Kegunaan, pohon kayu nyatoh ini sangat bermanfaat sebagai bahan kontruksi rumah, pembuatan mebel, dan lain sebagainya. Pada proses pengolahan pohon nyatoh menjadi bahan jadi akan menghasilkan serutan atau serbuk, tetapi pemanfaatan serutan atau serbuk belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Sehingga dari sisa proses tersebut membuat lingkungan sekitar menjadi kotor dan tidak enak untuk dipandang. Material komposit ini memiliki keunggulan yaitu kekuatan yang bisa diatur, kekuatan lelah yang sangat baik, ketahanan terhadap korosi, dan ringan serta biaya produksi yang sangat rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai uji tarik komposit serbuk kayu nyatoh pada fraksi volume 5%, 10%, 15% dengan faktor ukuran mesh 100, 150, 200 dan curring time pada waktu 2 jam dengan pemanasan suhu 60 , 80 , 100. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode full factorial. Pembuatan material komposit tersebut menggunakan metode hand-lay-up. Nilai kekuatan Tarik tertinggi pada penelitian ini yaitu pada sampel 5% dengan ukuran mesh 200 dan temperatur curring time pada suhu 60  dengan hasil uji tarik yaitu 30,60 Mpa. Sedangkan hasil kekuatan tarik terendah sebesar 10,97 Mpa pada fraksi serbuk 5% dengan ukuran mesh 100 dan curring time dengan temperature suhu 60 ?. Ukuran mesh sangat berpengaruh terhadap pengujian Tarik dimana semakin tinggi mesh yang dipakai maka kekuatan tarik semakin meningkat. Sedangkan proses pemanasan (curring time) juga memberikan pengaruh, tetapi tidak begitu besar, semakin tinggi temperatur curring time akan menyebabkan penurunan kekuatan Tarik.
Pengaruh Sudut Part Build Orientation Z-Direction Terhadap Kuat Tarik Spesimen Uji Standar Astm D638 Type IV Menggunakan Filamen Pla+
Authors: Pristiansyah Pristiansyah , Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Masdani Masdani , Sirwansyah Suzen Zaldy , Kurniawan Zaldy , Sugianto Sugianto , Hasdiansah Hasdiansah , Feriadi Indra , Pranata Yogi , Napitupulu Robert , Harwadi Harwadi
Published: January 2024

This study will try to investigate variations in the angle of the Z-direction build part by using a 3D Printer with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology made from PLA + Sugoi. This study uses a 0.4mm nozzle with a Bowden type extruder. This study uses a PLA+ filament from the Sugoi brand with a nozzle of 0.4 mm, diameter filament 1,75 mm, 3D Printer with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology used is Creality Ender 3 V2 with process parameter settings in slicing software using a layer thickness of 0.30 mm, Top solid Layer 5, Bottom Solid Layer 5, Fill density 100%, cooling speed 100%, and flowrate 100%, nozzle temperature 205°C, and bed temperature 60°C. Variation in angle Part build Z-direction is proven to have a significant difference in Tensile strength with a difference of 10° resulting in a difference in Tensile strength of 15 MPa, where the highest tensile strength is 67.50 MPa with part build Z-direction at an angle of 80°, and the lowest tensile strength of 52.50 MPa with a Z-direction part build angle at an angle of 70°.
Potensi Pemanfaatan Sumber Tenaga Energi Baru Terbarukan Di Desa Sukamandi Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Budi Harja Herman , Ariyani Emma Dwi , Muldani Hendrawan Yogi , Riduansyah Rayadi
Published: January 2024

Ketersediaan energi listrik secara siginifikan berpengaruh terhadap keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Sumber energi listrik dapat diperoleh dari sumber energi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui antara lain minyak bumi dan batu bara, selain itu energi listrik dapat diperoleh juga dari sumber energi yang dapat diperbaharui antara lain dari potensi energi air, udara, dan cahaya. Paper ini memaparkan kajian pemanfaatan potensi energi terbarukan yang terdapat di Desa Sukamandi, Kecamatan Sagalaherang, Kabupaten Subang. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa fokus kegiatan yaitu observasi dan pengukuran terutama pada potensi energi air, angin dan cahaya matahari yang tersedia di Desa Sukamandi. Hasil kajian observasi dan pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa potensi energi air di air terjun Curug Cibingbin sebesar 334 Watt, potensi energi angin di Bukit Jamali sebesar 129 Watt, dan potensi energi cahaya di Bukit Jamali sebesar 9,4503 Watt untuk potensi energi cahaya matahari. Oleh karena itu kajian yang lebih komprehensif dan dapat langsung diterapkan adalah perancangan pembuatan perangkat konversi energi dari tiga potensi energi yang telah dikaji
Methods of Cough Assessment and Objectivization
Authors: Jakusova J , Brozmanova M
Published: January 2024

Cough is one of the most important airway defensive reflexes aimed at removing foreign particles or endogenously produced materials from the airways and provides protection against aspiration. Generally considered, cough is a vital physiological defensive mechanism for lung health. However, in case of cough dysregulation this reflex can become pathological and leads to an adverse influence on daily life. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively evaluate the severity of cough for its diagnosis and treatment. There are subjective and objective methods for assessing cough. These methods should help describe the heterogeneity of cough phenotypes and may establish better treatment by monitoring response to nonpharmacological or pharmacological therapies. It is important to keep in mind that the clinical assessment of cough should include both tools that measure the amount and severity of the cough. The importance of a combined subjective and objective evaluation for a comprehensive assessment of cough has been advocated in the guidelines of the European Respiratory Society on cough evaluation. This review article provides an overview of subjective and objective methods for assessing and monitoring cough in children and adults comparing to animal models.
Effects of Sixty-Minute Race-Pace Running on Cardiac Stress Biomarkers in Recreational Distance Runners
Authors: Günaştı Ö , Özdemir Ç , Özgünen KT , Korkmaz-Eryılmaz S , Gezgin E , Boyraz C , Kılcı A , Adaş Ü , Özmen Ç , Rahiomova H , Akıllı R , Demirtaş M , Sadi Kurdak S
Published: January 2024

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes is generally rare, but a serious complication of cardiovascular events during exercise. Although regular intensive physical exercise is thought to be a key to a healthy life, unsuspected pathologies might lead to SCD during or after physical activity. Cardiac dysfunction and elevated cardiac markers have been reported after prolonged exercise. We sought to clarify the cardiac marker levels and hydration status in healthy, middle-aged male subjects for 24 hours after running sixty-minute at race-pace. The participants were 47.4±1.7 years old, had peak oxygen consumption of 47.1±1.2ml/kg/min, and regularly running 70.5±6.4km/week. Blood biomarkers were performed before, immediately after, at the fourth and twenty-fourth hours after running. Compared to initial values, creatine kinase (before:161.2±22.5U/L, 24 hours after:411.9±139.7U/L, p<0.001) and CK-MB (before:4.3±0.7ng/ml, 24 hours after:10.1±3.0ng/ml, p<0.001) were significantly elevated immediately after running and remained significantly high for 24 hours. In addition, Troponin-I (before:5.0±1.1ng/l, 4 hours after:81.5±29.9ng/l, p<0.001) and NT-proBNP (before: 31.2±5.3pg/ml, immediately after: 64.4±8.5pg/ml, p<0.01) were significantly elevated immediately after running and returned to baseline levels in 24 hours. The sixty-minute running caused significant dehydration, but athletes were rehydrated at the 4th hour in their voluntary hydration behavior. As the individual data were analyzed, it was interesting to see that some of the athletes had critical biomarker levels without any cardiac symptom. Our findings indicate that race-pace sixty-minute running may induce a possible transient silent myocardial injury in apparently healthy master runners. Detailed pre-participation screening of these athletes may be necessary to reduce the risk of SCD.
Management of borderline ovarian tumors: A retrospective study in Northern Greece
Authors: Mitta Kyriaki , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Fachiridou Akriola , Zachomitros Fotios , Dagklis Themistoklis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Kalogiannidis Ioannis
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are tumors of low malignant potential commonly presented in women of reproductive age. Their incidence has been increasing over the years and issues regarding fertility preservation are very crucial. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including all cases of BOTs diagnosed and surgically treated, during a 12-year period (2010 – 2022) at the Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare age, parity, serum Ca-125 and maximum dimensions of the tumors between the patients treated radically and those treated conservatively. The Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables between the groups with radical versus conservative surgery. Results: In total, 34 cases were managed during the study period with a median follow-up of 114.5 months. The mean age was 50 years, the median parity was 2, the median of Ca-125 was 20.6 U/ml and the median of the maximum dimensions of the tumors was 10 cm. Laparotomy was performed in 82.4% of the cases. In 29.4% of cases, the BOT was bilateral. There was no case with residual disease, the majority were serous tumors at stage I. The mean age (53.9 vs 32.2, p-value<0.001), the median parity (2 vs 1, p-value=0.009) and the median serum Ca-125 (21.1 vs 13, p-value=0.046) were significantly higher in women who underwent radical surgery than those with conservative surgery. The recurrence rate was 2.9%. Conclusion: A favorable long-term prognosis was observed in women diagnosed with BOTs, without any tumor-related deaths. Conservative surgery for fertility preservation may appear as beneficial.
Finding the Fixing Number of Johnson Graphs J(n, k) for k Є {2; 3}
Authors: Della-Giustina James
Published: December 2023

The graph invariant, aptly named the fixing number, is the smallest number of vertices that, when fixed, eliminate all non-trivial automorphisms (or symmetries) of a graph. Although many graphs have established fixing numbers, Johnson graphs, a family of graphs related to the graph isomorphism problem, have only partially classified fixing numbers. By examining specific orbit sizes of the automorphism group of Johnson graphs and classifying the subsequent remaining subgroups of the automorphism group after iteratively fixing vertices, we provide exact minimal sequences of fixed vertices, in turn establishing the fixing number of infinitely many Johnson graphs. KEYWORDS: Graph Automorphism Groups; Symmetry Breaking; Fixing Number; Determining Number; Johnson Graphs; Kneser Graphs; Graph Invariants; Permutation Groups; Minimal Sized Bases.
CALCULATED RELATIONS OF THE SEMI-ANALYTICAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF PRISMATIC BODIES FOR A FINITE ELEMENT BASED ON THE REPRESENTATION OF DIS-PLACEMENTS BY POLYNOMIALS
Authors:   National Transport University, Kuzminets Mykola , Maksymyuk Yuriy ,   Київський національний університет будівництва і архітектури, Martynyuk Ivan ,   Київський національний університет будівництва і архітектури
Published: December 2023

In article [8, 10], a variant of the semi-analytical finite element method for the calculation of prismatic bodies was developed using the Fourier series function as a coordinate system. The use of trigonometric series ensures maximum efficiency of the semi-analytical finite element method, however, at the ends of the body it is possible to satisfy only the boundary conditions corresponding to the support of the object on an absolutely rigid in its plane and flexible diaphragm. As a result of the performed researches the basis of representation of movements by polynomials is received that allows to expand considerably a range of boundary conditions on end faces of a body. In this case, it is not possible to reduce the solution of the original spatial boundary value problem to a sequence of two-dimensional problems, so a reasonable choice of appropriate polynomials becomes especially important. Their correct choice depends on the conditionality of the matrix of the system of separate equations and, consequently, the convergence of integration algorithms for its solution, and the universality of the approach to the possibility of satisfying different variants of boundary conditions at the ends of the body.
TESTING OF BRIDGES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF COMBAT ACTIONS
Authors:   National Transport University, Oksen Yevhen
Published: December 2023

The work examines the application of methods of static and dynamic testing of bridges damaged as a result of hostilities. Penetration by projectiles and damage by explosions of structural elements, in addition to obvious damage, also form a series of hidden defects, the determination of which according to norms and regulatory documents is regulated to be carried out by means of tests with calculated loads. For testing bridges in accordance with the requirements of construction standards and regulatory documents, the equipment developed by the author of the article was used for digital registration and processing of signals of acoustic emission and mechanical vibrations. The results of static tests of three span overpasses made of precast concrete with a length of 63.20 m along the street are presented. Kvitneva in the city of Chernihiv and a four-span pedestrian bridge with a length of 263.1 m across the Desna River in the park zone of the city of Chernihiv. The peculiarities of the application of the acoustic emission method for determining the state of the span structures of the bridge during static tests with step loading are considered. During the analysis of the results of the dynamic tests of the pedestrian bridge, the results of the application of wavelet analysis were translated to reveal the characteristics of the oscillations of a non-separable steel three-span structure that received dynamic load impulses and determine the natural frequency of oscillations of the span structures. The results of the work are recommended for use during the examination and testing of bridges, the girder structures of which have hidden defects and damage, as well as for constant monitoring of the structures.
ASSURANCE OF THE QUALITY OF THE ASPHALT CONCRETE COATING IN THE ZONE OF THE LONGITUDINAL JOINT OF STRIPS
Authors:   Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University, Siedov Andriy , Fomenko Olena ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the issue of high-quality compaction of the asphalt concrete mixture during the arrangement of coatings separately along the traffic lanes. It was determined that the main causes of defects in the operation of such coatings are insufficient density and excessive porosity of asphalt concrete in the joint area. The paper analyzes the results of studies that show that the temperature distribution of the mixture along the width of the coating strip is uneven. The coldest and most enriched with large crushed stone areas are found in the zone of joints. The article considers a model of heating a cold joint due to heat from a layer of hot mixture that is placed on the adjacent strip. Depending on the temperature difference between the layers, the increase in the temperature of the edge of the previously laid grip is from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, this is not enough for high-quality sealing of the layer. Thus, it was concluded that during the organization of work on laying asphalt concrete mixtures of connected lanes by one asphalt paver with its displacement from one lane to another, it is necessary to apply edge heating systems without fail.
METHODS OF UNLOADING STREET AND ROAD NETWORKS
Authors:   National Transport University, Dovgopolyuk Lyudmyla , Khomiak Anna
Published: December 2023

Modern cities suffer from overloading of street and road networks with traffic flows. The level of motorization is rapidly increasing, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to use individual cars in cities - time is spent in traffic jams, parking is difficult, parking spaces are limited, and accidents are increasing. The environmental situation is worsening, pollution and traffic noise have a negative impact on the health of city residents. Analyzed methods that make it possible to relieve the street and road network, make traffic safer and more convenient for both drivers and pedestrians, and the urban environment more comfortable for residents. The question of the effectiveness of the "Сarpool" system - the allocation of a special traffic lane for cars filled with passengers - was studied. With carpooling (ridesharing), fuel costs are distributed proportionally and the optimal route for all trip participants is chosen without significant deviations from the main route of the driver (car owner), in contrast to a taxi, when using which costs are paid by the passenger, and the direction of the trip is not limited to the driver and the hitchhiker , where only the driver who strictly follows his route pays.
DIGITALIZATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF TRANSPORT COMPANIES AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING THEIR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Grechan Alla , Gavrikov Dmytro ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The article deals with the importance of digitalization of business processes at enterprises of the transport sector as a key factor for ensuring their economic development. The authors justify that in the conditions of today's fast-changing business environment, digital technologies are becoming a necessary tool for increasing efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises of the transport complex. The article gives a detailed analysis of main trends of digitization in the transport sector and their impact on various business processes. In particular, the following directions of digitization in transport were highlighted and analyzed: route optimization and logistics, rolling stock management, online ordering and monitoring, unmanned cars and autonomous transport systems, analytics and data management, customer satisfaction, electronic documentation and automation, security and control, environmental and social aspects, competitive advantages of enterprises in the market of transport services. In addition, this article considers the organizational and economic aspects of the implementation of digital technologies, including the selection and integration of digital platforms, optimization of business processes and personnel training. It is noted that a properly designed digitization mechanism helps to increase employee satisfaction, retain and attract talented personnel, and also stimulates innovation and creativity in the organization. The article uses a systemic approach to reveal the interaction of various elements of the transport enterprise system and their interaction as a result of digitalization of business processes. In general, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of digitalization on enterprises in the transport sector, revealing its key role in ensuring their economic development in the conditions of the modern business environment.
INNOVATIVE FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   National Transport University, Grechan Alla , Sakhatskyi Danylo ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to research and analyze innovative factors that affect the development of enterprises in the transport sector based on the selection of key aspects and strategies that contribute to the successful implementation of innovations in the field of transport business. The peculiarities of the action of the main factors at the enterprises of the transport industry have been determined and researched, they include: the use of modern technologies, intelligent transport systems (ITS), environmental innovations, information management and analytics, electronic market platforms, robotics, automation and artificial intelligence, electronic payment systems, sustainability and security, development of ecosystems, self-driving cars and drones, effective management of labor resources. From the position of an integrated approach, all factors generally cover economic, technical, technological, social and environmental aspects. Their impact on the economic development of enterprises is considered through the focus on reducing costs, forming competitive advantages and increasing competitiveness, ensuring social and environmental effects. This is of particular importance for the adaptation and further development of industry enterprises in the conditions of the current military situation and future dynamic changes in the modern world. The study is based on current concepts of innovation and considers the specifics and features of the activities of transport enterprises.
DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICIENCY OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (PMS)
Authors:   National Transport University, Moroz Taras
Published: December 2023

The article discusses an important aspect of modern transportation management – the development of Pavement Management Systems (PMS). It analyzes the evolution of PMS, its key components, their role in ensuring the quality and durability of road pavement, as well as the latest trends and innovations in this field. The perspectives of PMS development in the future and their impact on ensuring proper maintenance of the road network are highlighted. Scientific novelty and practical significance. A reasonable and detailed analysis of the history of the development of road surface management systems (PMS) was performed. The main aspect of scientific novelty is a thorough study of the evolution of these systems at the international level, which allows identifying key trends and periods of their development. The international experience of countries using these systems was studied.
TRANSPORT STRATEGY DURING MILITARY CONFLICT: PATHS TO RECOVERY AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Tokin Oleksndr , Dubas Roman ,   National Transport University, Klets Dmytro ,   Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University
Published: December 2023

The transport sector is one of the vital sectors of the Ukrainian economy, encompassing a comprehensive railway network, road infrastructure, seaports, river terminals, airports, an extensive aviation network, an intricate network of public transportation routes, bus stations, and freight customs terminals. This creates the necessary conditions to meet the transportation needs of users and business development. However, the transport sector, in its entirety, only partially meets the basic transportation needs of the population and the economy in terms of volume, not quality. Moreover, the current state of the transportation sector does not fully comply with the requirements for the effective implementation of Ukraine's European integration course, international standards, ensuring the full implementation of Ukraine's international obligations, and the integration of the national transport network into the Trans-European Transport Network, which demands appropriate organizational, personnel, material resources, and a modern legal framework. In European countries, the development horizon for the transport sector mostly extends to 2030. Consequently, the primary programmatic document defining the goals and objectives for the development of Ukraine's transport sector, considering integration with the European transport system, is the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy), approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on May 30, 2018, No. 430-r. The circumstances of martial law necessitate a review of the priority goals and measures of the Strategy. For this purpose, the Ministry of Community Development, Territories, and Infrastructure of Ukraine initiated a review of the Strategy with the development of an updated action plan involving consultants, representatives of the transport sector, and the scientific community. During the development of updated amendments to the Strategy, a balanced approach should be employed that responds to the expected future growth and changes in demand for transportation services, contributing to economic development, improving the quality of life, and efficient resource utilization. The aim of updating the Strategy is to restore the transport infrastructure affected by armed aggression to a qualitatively new level and to build an integrated transport network linked to the global transportation system, including the EU's transportation system. This will ensure the safe functioning and efficient transport complex of Ukraine, capable of meeting the transportation and other service needs in the transport sector, ensuring the defense capability of the state, competitiveness, and resilience of the national economy.
EXPERIENCE IN MEASURING EFFORT IN ROPE ELEMENTS OF CABLE BRIDGES
Authors:   National Transport University, Onyshchenko Artur , Stashuk Pavlo ,   National Transport University, Chyzhenko Nataliia ,   National Transport University, Mazurenko Oleg ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2023

The work is devoted to the issue of carrying out technical diagnostics of determining the forces in the cables of the cable-stayed bridge across the harbor of the Dnipro River in the city of Kyiv on the object: "Construction of the Podilsk bridge crossing over the Dnipro River in the city of Kyiv" at the final stages of jacking up the span structure of the bridge. As is known, the general methodology of technical diagnostics is based on conducting static or dynamic tests. Tests are conducted to determine the nature and magnitude of loads on the bridge structure, to determine the actual stress level in the elements. Moreover, sometimes some types of tests are carried out not only on bridges whose construction is finished, but also on structures during their construction. One of these types of tests is the tests performed to determine the amount of load in cable elements of cable-stayed bridges. Currently, one of these types of tests is the tests performed to determine the amount of load in cable elements of cable-stayed bridges. At present, the acceptable methods for determining the forces in the rope elements of cable-stayed bridges are: installation of electronic dynamometers in the places of anchoring of the ropes to measure the load, geodetic measurements of the sagging of the cable-stayed ropes, determination of the frequency of self-oscillations of the cable-stayed ropes, etc. The paper presents the results of the tests of measuring the forces in the cables of the span structure due to their own weight by exciting mechanical oscillations in them and determining the frequencies of the natural oscillations, and measuring the slack of the cables (arrows of the slack) by laser 3-D scanning of the cables.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BATU BARA DENGAN METODE AGLOMERASI DENGAN MINYAK GORENG BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN PERALATAN MICROWAVE
Authors: Sahari Bintan Aulia Sabrina Larasati , Hardjono Hardjono
Published: December 2023

Batu bara merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang sangat penting saat ini dan memiliki pemanfaatan yang luas dalam industri berskala besar. Tinggi rendahnya kualitas batubara tergantung pada kadar air yang terkandung didalamnya, untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya diperlukan pengolahan yang bertujuan mengurangi kadar air pada batu bara. Salah satu proses yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas batubara yaitu dengan metode aglomerasi menggunakan peralatan microwave. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan radiasi gelombang mikro dalam meningkatkan kualitas batubara berupa kadar air dan kadar abu menggunakan metode aglomerasi, dengan menganalisis pengaruh waktu dan daya pada microwave. Metodologi penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara pencampuran batu bara dan air, kemudian ditambahkan agglomerant agent berupa minyak goreng bekas dengan perbandingan 1:1. Campuran tersebut dimasukkan kedalam microwave dengan waktu proses selama 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 menit. Untuk daya yang digunakan sebesar 400, 600, dan 800 watt. Proses selanjutnya yaitu penyaringan dan batu bara di oven selama 60℃ selama 2 jam. Analisa kualitas yang dilakukan adalah kadar air dan kadar abu batu bara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan proses aglomerasi. Setelah dilakukan radiasi gelombang mikro, didapatkan hasil semakin lama waktu proses dalam microwave, kadar air dan kadar abu dalam batubara semakin berkurang. Penggunaan daya microwave yang lebih tinggi juga menghasilkan penurunan yang lebih signifikan pada kadar air dan kadar abu dalam batubara. Kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada waktu proses 5 menit dengan penggunaan daya microwave sebesar 800 watt dengan hasil kadar abu sebesar 9,9816% dan kadar air sebesar 1,5076%.
EFFECT OF BAKER'S YEAST CONCENTRATIONS ON ECO ENZYME PRODUCTS BY THE FERMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: Kamaliya Nurul , Lusiani Cucuk Evi
Published: December 2023

Eco enzyme is a liquid fermented from organic waste such as vegetable or fruit peels, brown sugar or molasses, water, and yeast. In the production of eco enzyme, yeast is used as a catalyst to accelerate the fermentation process, such as baker's yeast, one type of yeast that could be used. The purpose of this research is to determine how the concentration of baker's yeast affects the eco enzyme products. Citrus peels, melon peels, coconut brown sugar, water, and baker's yeast were ingredients used in this research. The eco enzyme fermentation process lasted ten days, after which the eco enzyme product was examined for pH value, acetic acid content, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) value, organoleptic properties such as color and scent, and protease enzyme activity. The results showed that the value of pH value, acetic acid content, and TDS value increased as the concentration of baker's yeast was added in the production of eco enzyme. In this research, the range of pH values ​​was 4.15-4.2, acetic acid content was 1.35-2.03% v/v, TDS values was 1475-2056. Data from 25 panelists was used to generate color and scent from eco enzyme products. The test results showed that eco enzyme products had a fermented and citrus fruit scent and a pale yellow to deep yellow tint. Protease enzyme activity tests were performed on samples containing 5% % w/v baker's yeast, and it was discovered that there was one colony incubating for six days, but the results were not highly significant.
The Influence of Taxpayer Understanding, Taxpayer Awareness, and Perception of Tax Sanctions on Taxpayer Compliance of Earth and Buildings
Authors: Tapiory Beatrix Brigita , Ernawati Widi Dwi , Oktavia Fathimatus Zahro Fazda
Published: January 2024

This research aimed to determine the effect of taxpayer comprehension, taxpayer awareness, and perception of tax sanctions on land and building taxpayer compliance in Malang City. This research used a quantitative approach. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires. The population in this research was land and building taxpayers which are registered in Malang City. The number of research population was 283,451 taxpayers with the sampling technique using simple random sampling and slovin formula. The samples obtained for this study were 100 taxpayers. The data analysis technique used multiple linear analysis. The results of this research indicated that taxpayer comprehension, taxpayer awareness, and the perception of sanctions had a positive significant effect on land and building taxpayer compliance in Malang City. The results also showed that taxpayer comprehension, taxpayer awareness, and the perception of sanctions simultaneously had a positive significant effect on land and building taxpayer compliance in Malang City.
The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Tunneling Incentive, and Capital Intensity Against Tax Avoidance
Authors: Nokiyanti Excellent , Ernawati Widi Dwi , Indrayati
Published: January 2024

The research aimed to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility, Tunneling Incentive, and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance in energy subsector companies for a five-year period. The research design was explanatory quantitative to examine the relationship of variables using multiple linear regression. The study used Purposive Sampling as the data collection technique. From the 53 companies, there were only 14 companies which met the criteria. The data collected were financial statements, annual reports and sustainability reports of energy sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for the period of 2017-2021. The data analysis tool employed was the 22th version of IBM SPSS. The results of this research showed that partially, the Corporate Social Responsibility variable had no significant effect on Tax Avoidance. Conversely, Tunneling Incentive and Capital Intensity affected Tax Avoidance significantly. In addition. the results of the simultaneous test revealed that all the variables, the Corporate Social Responsibility, Tunneling Incentive and Capital Intensity had a significant impact on Tax Avoidance.
The Influence of Institutional and Managerial Ownership on Financial Distress with Total Debt to Asset Ratio as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Syuliswati Atika , Asdani Andi , Amalia Riezky
Published: January 2024

Literature regarding bankruptcy prediction illustrates that the variables that are often used as predictors of bankruptcy can be grouped into four. These four things are financial ratios (including company and market characteristics), macroeconomic variables, corporate governance, and other special variables. The aim of this research is to determine whether there is an influence of institutional ownership on financial distress, managerial ownership on financial distress, the total debt to asset ratio mediates the influence of institutional ownership on financial distress, the total debt to asset ratio mediates the influence of managerial ownership on financial distress. The object of this research is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2017 and 2021. The sample consists of 32 companies. The analysis used is multiple linear analysis using the partial least squares program. The results show that institutional ownership has no significant effect on financial distress, managerial ownership has no significant effect on financial distress, total debt to asset ratio does not mediate the effect of institutional ownership on financial distress, total debt to asset ratio does not mediate the effect of managerial ownership on financial distress.
Role of autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblast activation, signaling and metabolic reprograming
Authors: Sari Dyana , Gozuacik Devrim , Akkoc Yunus
Published: January 2024

Tumors not only consist of cancerous cells, but they also harbor several normal-like cell types and non-cellular components. cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of these cellular components that are found predominantly in the tumor stroma. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and quality control mechanism, and recent studies provided evidence that autophagy played a critical role in CAF formation, metabolic reprograming and tumor-stroma crosstalk. Therefore, shedding light on the autophagy and its role in CAF biology might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the exploitation of more efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we provide an overview about the involvement of autophagy in CAF-related pathways, including transdifferentiation and activation of CAFs, and further discuss the implications of targeting tumor stroma as a treatment option.
Inverse association between type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma in East Asian populations
Authors: Huo Jinlong , Xu Yaxuan , Chen Xingqi , Yu Jie , Zhao Lijin
Published: January 2024

Aims

To investigate the potential association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in East Asian populations using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) related to T2D and HCC. The potential effects of confounders such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, body mass index, and alcohol intake frequency were corrected using a multivariate MR study. Various MR methods, including the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, were used to estimate the associations between T2D and HCC. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of heterogeneity were performed to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

In the forward MR study, the IVW approach of MR analysis suggested an inverse association between T2D and HCC, with a risk odds ratio of 0.8628 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7888–0.9438). Furthermore, even after adjusting for BMI, chronic hepatitis B, and alcohol intake frequency, this study still supports the inverse association between T2D and HCC. Additional MR methods provided further support for this relationship. Sensitivity analysis and assessment of heterogeneity confirmed the robustness of the results. The reverse MR analysis did not show a clear impact of genetic liability to HCC on reduced risk of T2D(OR=0.9788; 95% CI, 0.9061-1.0574).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of an inverse association between T2D and HCC in East Asian populations using MR analysis. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Systemic effects of hypophosphatasia characterization of two novel variants in the ALPL gene
Authors: Martínez-Heredia Luis , Muñoz-Torres Manuel , Sanabria-de la Torre Raquel , Jiménez-Ortas Ángela , Andújar-Vera Francisco , González-Cejudo Trinidad , Contreras-Bolívar Victoria , González-Salvatierra Sheila , Gómez-Vida José María , García-Fontana Cristina , García-Fontana Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn metabolic error caused by mutations in the ALPL gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and leading to decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Although the main characteristic of this disease is bone involvement, it presents a great genetic and clinical variability, which makes it a systemic disease.

Methods

Patients were recruited based on biochemical assessments. Diagnosis was made by measuring serum ALP and pyridoxal 5-phosphate levels and finally by Sanger sequencing of the ALPL gene from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Characterization of the new variants was performed by transfection of the variants into HEK293T cells, where ALP activity and cellular localization were measured by flow cytometry. The dominant negative effect was analyzed by co-transfection of each variant with the wild-type gene, measuring ALP activity and analyzing cellular localization by flow cytometry.

Results

Two previously undescribed variants were found in the ALPL gene: leucine 6 to serine missense mutation (c.17T>C, L6S) affecting the signal peptide and threonine 167 deletion (c.498_500delCAC, T167del) affecting the vicinity of the active site. These mutations lead mainly to non-pathognomonic symptoms of HPP. Structural prediction and modeling tools indicated the affected residues as critical residues with important roles in protein structure and function. In vitro results demonstrated low TNSALP activity and a dominant negative effect in both mutations. The results of the characterization of these variants suggest that the pleiotropic role of TNSALP could be involved in the systemic effects observed in these patients highlighting digestive and autoimmune disorders associated with TNSALP dysfunction.

Conclusions

The two new mutations have been classified as pathogenic. At the clinical level, this study suggests that both mutations not only lead to pathognomonic symptoms of the disease, but may also play a role at the systemic level.
Comparative analysis of organelle genomes provides conflicting evidence between morphological similarity and phylogenetic relationship in diatoms
Authors: Jeong YuJin , Lee JunMo
Published: January 2024

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are abundant phytoplankton groups in marine environments, which contribute approximately 20% of global carbon fixation through photosynthesis. Moreover, diatoms exhibit the highest species diversity (approximately 18,000 diatom species) among marine photosynthetic eukaryotes, which were identified by morphological characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses could shed new insights into the evolutionary relationships of diverse diatom species. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of diatom species still remains unclear because the available molecular data are insufficient compared with their high species diversity. Furthermore, several novel diatom species were reported from field samples with no molecular evidence. In particular, the phylogenies of diatom species constructed using organelle genomes revealed that several diatom genera are paraphyletic with high supporting values. We constructed high-resolution phylogenetic trees of diatom species using organelle genomes (plastids and mitochondria) and compared the morphologies in several paraphyletic diatom genera. Especially, the cladesNitzschiaandThalassiosirainclude several different diatom genera with high phylogenetic supports. Our study demonstrated that some morphological characteristics (e.g., genus characters) of several diatom genera could not represent current genus boundaries. Based on the results, we highlight the necessity for taxonomic reinvestigation. To reestablish this in diatoms, it will be essential to incorporate more genome data from a broader range of taxon samples, along with a comparison of morphological characteristics.