bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Validation of Reliable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Gene Expression in Macadamia integrifolia
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Ziping , Zeng Hui , Zou Minghong , Song Ximei , Wan Jifeng , Wang Zhao , Chen Jing , Luo Lianfang
Published: November 2024

Macadamia is an economically significant crop, with its kernel oil being abundant in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Analyzing the expression of genes related to MUFA biosynthesis is essential for understanding the complex regulatory networks in Macadamia. However, there are few reports on the identification of suitable reference genes for use as internal controls in this species. Consequently, selecting a reliable reference gene for gene expression studies under various conditions is critical. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of 11 traditional housekeeping genes: α-tubulin (TUBa), β-tubulin (TUBb), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), α-elongation factor 1 (EF1a), β-elongation factor 1 (EF1b), ubiquitin (UBQ), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC), cyclophilin (CYP), and actin (ACT) under abiotic stresses, hormonal treatments and in variety of plant tissues using the online tool RefFinder, which integrates four commonly used software programs: ΔCt, geNorm (version 3.4), NormFinder (version 0953), and BestKeeper (version 1.0). A comprehensive expression stability ranking was established by integrating results from these four methods based on the geometric mean. The findings indicated that ACT was the most stable gene across all samples, including those subjected to cold stress, NaCl stress, PEG stress, ABA treatment, MeJA treatment, and both stem and leaf tissues. EF1b was identified as the most stable gene in GA treatment and heat stress samples, while UBC and CYP were ranked highest in ethrel treatment and root tissue samples, respectively. Finally, the reliability of these findings was further validated using the target gene SAD through qRT-PCR. In summary, this study evaluated and validated appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR, which will facilitate future investigations into the molecular mechanisms in Macadamia.
A Novel Spectral–Spatial Methodology for Hierarchical Fuel Type Mapping in Mediterranean Ecosystems Using Sentinel-2 Timeseries and Auxiliary Thematic Data
Authors: Sismanis Michail , Gitas Ioannis Z. , Stavrakoudis Dimitris , Georgopoulos Nikos , Antoniadis Konstantinos , Gkounti Eleni
Published: November 2024

Wildland fuel distribution and characteristics are critical components for the development of a national integrated wildfire management strategy. This study presents a methodological framework for the mapping of fuels in Mediterranean ecosystems in the different levels of a new fuel hierarchical classification scheme, using a spectral–spatial approach based on Sentinel-2 timeseries and auxiliary thematic maps. Furthermore, in the context of this research, a novel approach is proposed for separating Mediterranean shrubland vegetation into three broad height categories, using Sentinel-2 images, landscape variables, and climatic data. Two areas in Greece, namely Attica and Euboea, with major wildfire events over the past 3 years were selected as the study areas. The mapping methodology was designed to consist of three complementary mapping processes, each for the identification of specific types of fuels (i.e., urban, agricultural, and vegetation). The results are validated in a two-step approach for different levels of the classification scheme. The results for the first level display an overall accuracy of 88% and kappa of 0.84, while for the second level, overall accuracy was 71.64% and kappa was 0.68. Our research demonstrates the capacity to map fuel types with promising accuracy at different depths, highlighting a viable method that can be potentially exploited for the large-scale fuel mapping of Mediterranean biomes at a national level.
Assessment of Cavitation Erosion Using Combined Numerical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Sedlář Milan , Koutný Alois , Krátký Tomáš , Komárek Martin , Fulín Martin
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to numerically assess the cavitation damage of hydrodynamic machines and hydraulic components and its development in time, based on cavitation erosion tests with samples of used materials. The theoretical part of this paper is devoted to the numerical simulation of unsteady multiphase flow by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and to the prediction of the erosive effects of the collapses of cavitation bubbles in the vicinity of solid surfaces. Compressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (URANS) are solved together with the Zwart cavitation model. To describe the destructive collapses of vapor bubbles, the modeling of cavitation bubble dynamics along selected streamlines or trajectories is applied. The hybrid Euler–Lagrange approach with one-way coupling and the full Rayleigh–Plesset equation (R–P) are therefore utilized. This paper also describes the experimental apparatus with a rotating disc used to reach genuine hydrodynamic cavitation and conditions similar to those of hydrodynamic machines. The simulations are compared with the obtained experimental data, with good agreement. The proposed methodology enables the application of the results of erosion tests to the real geometry of hydraulic machines and to reliably predict the locations and magnitude of cavitation erosion, so as to select appropriate materials or material treatments for endangered parts.
Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Characterization of Mango Ripened by Different Methods
Authors: Wang Jishi , Ren Chaoqi , Wang Jiafu , Fu Jiqiang , Yin Qingchun , Huang Yongping , He Zeying
Published: November 2024

So far, the metabolic differences between tree-ripened and postharvest-ripened mangoes have largely remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of nutrient substances in mangoes subjected to different ripening methods. An untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was carried out to investigate the differences between artificially ripened and naturally ripened mangoes. The principal component analysis results indicate a clear separation between the different treatment groups. Variance analysis, fold change, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to find potential markers. In total, 69 metabolites were identified, with significant variations in the abundance of organic acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, and polyphenols closely related to the ripening methods of mangoes. These results contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic changes in mangoes due to different ripening methods, which could be used to assist in evaluating the quality of mango fruit.
Impact of Heat and Pressure Processing Treatments on the Digestibility of Peanut, Hazelnut, Pistachio and Cashew Allergens
Authors: Arribas Claudia , Sanchiz Africa , Pedrosa Mercedes M. , Perez-Garcia Selene , Linacero Rosario , Cuadrado Carmen
Published: November 2024

Food processing can alter protein biochemical properties, impacting immunoreactivity and allergenicity. A key feature of food allergens is their resistance to enzymatic digestion, particularly by pepsin and trypsin. This study compares the digestomes of raw and heat- and/or pressure-treated peanuts, hazelnuts, pistachios and cashews using the INFOGEST harmonized digestion protocol and analyzing their IgE-binding capacity through in vitro methods. Protein patterns from controls and digestomes were resolved by SDS-PAGE and tested with sera from allergic patients, confirmed by competitive ELISA for hazelnuts and peanuts. The results indicate that processing methods differently affect the gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of these allergens. Simulated GI digestion caused a significant destruction of protein structures, reducing but not eliminating IgE reactivity for all four nuts. Boiling for 60 min did not change the SDS-PAGE profiles, but it did stimulate enzymatic activity, decreasing IgE binding capacity. In contrast, applying heat and pressure led to a nearly complete inhibition of allergenic potential during simulated digestion. These findings suggest that employing intense food processing techniques and investigating the gastrointestinal effects of highly allergenic nuts could be crucial steps toward developing new hypoallergenic formulations.
Sequence–Activity Relationship of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins, Based on a New Deep Learning Model
Authors: Qin Dongya , Liang Xiao , Jiao Linna , Wang Ruihong , Zhao Yi , Xue Wenjun , Wang Jinhong , Liang Guizhao
Published: November 2024

Food-derived peptides are usually safe natural drug candidates that can potentially inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The wet experiments used to identify ACE inhibitory peptides (ACEiPs) are time-consuming and costly, making it important and urgent to reduce the scope of experimental validation through bioinformatics methods. Here, we construct an ACE inhibitory peptide predictor (ACEiPP) using optimized amino acid descriptors (AADs) and long- and short-term memory neural networks. Our results show that combined-AAD models exhibit more efficient feature transformation ability than single-AAD models, especially the training model with the optimal descriptors as the feature inputs, which exhibits the highest predictive ability in the independent test (Acc = 0.9479 and AUC = 0.9876), with a significant performance improvement compared to the existing three predictors. The model can effectively characterize the structure–activity relationship of ACEiPs. By combining the model with database mining, we used ACEiPP to screen four ACEiPs with multiple reported functions. We also used ACEiPP to predict peptides from 21,249 food-derived proteins in the Database of Food-derived Bioactive Peptides (DFBP) and construct a library of potential ACEiPs to facilitate the discovery of new anti-ACE peptides.
Evaluation of Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Microwave-Extracted Polysaccharide from Ruditapes philippinarum
Authors: Liu Mengyue , Li Fei , Feng Shuang , Guo Jiamin , Yu Jia , Zou Shengcan , Gao Xiang , Wei Yuxi
Published: November 2024

In recent years, research on active polysaccharides has progressed significantly, particularly regarding their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Among these, clam polysaccharides, a type of marine-derived polysaccharide, exhibit notable biological activities, including both anticancer effects and immune modulation. The aims of this study are to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of microwave-extracted clam polysaccharide (MCP) in vitro. Cell experiments demonstrated that MCP significantly inhibited both colony formation and migration of HT-29 cells. Furthermore, treatment with MCP led to the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of cytochrome C gene and caspase-3 gene, and, finally, the induction of apoptosis in HT-29 cells, implying the involvement of the mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, MCP was found to prompt a phenotypic shift in macrophages from M2 to M1 subtype and from M0 to M1 subtype. MCP also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the cancer cells, thereby augmenting anticancer efficacy through a dual mechanism of immune activation and antioxidant enhancement. These findings suggest that MCPs present significant potential as natural antitumor agents and immunomodulators, especially in the development of functional foods or drugs.
Application of a Multi-Gas Detector for Monitoring Gas Composition in Minced Beef During Storage
Authors: Veličković Aleksandar , Cocola Lorenzo , Fedel Massimo , Danilović Bojana , De Marchi Massimo , Poletto Luca , Savić Dragiša
Published: November 2024

This study aims to assess the capability of using a specially designed device to monitor changes in gas concentration (CO2, NH3, H2S, and O2) in the atmosphere above the minced beef meat, during storage at refrigerated temperature. With its array of sensing channels, the multi-gas detector device facilitates the detection of precise gas concentrations in sensitive environments, enabling the monitoring of various processes occurring within stored meat. To delve into the connection between microbial activity and gas emissions during storage, fluctuations in microbial populations in the meat were observed, focusing on prevalent meat microbiota such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Enterobacteriaceae. A significant reduction of O2 content in the stored samples was observed after seven days (p < 0.05), while a significant release of CO2 was detected on the fourth day of storage. Significant changes (p < 0.05) in the gas content were tracked until the 11th day of storage followed by intensive microbial growth. NH3 and H2S levels remained undetectable throughout the experiment. The results showed a correlation between an increase in gas content in the headspace and an increase in the number of LAB and Enterobacteriaceae in meat. Modern multi-gas detector devices can indirectly determine microbial contamination in closed meat packaging.
Unraveling Whole-Genome Sequence and Functional Characterization of P. megaterium PH3
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Liang Junbo , Zhang Dong , Wang Liang , Ye Shuhong
Published: November 2024

Priestia megaterium (P. megaterium PH3) is an endophytic bacterium isolated from peanuts. It has natural resveratrol production ability and shows potential application value. This study analyzed its genetic function and metabolic mechanism through whole-genome sequencing and found that the genome size is 5,960,365 bp, the GC content is 37.62%, and 6132 genes are annotated. Functional analysis showed that this strain contained 149 carbohydrate active enzyme genes, 7 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters, 509 virulence genes, and 273 drug-resistance genes. At the same time, this strain has the ability to regulate salt stress, low temperature, and hypoxia. Genomic analysis reveals a stilbene-synthase-containing type III polyketide synthase gene cluster that contributes to resveratrol synthesis. A safety assessment showed that the strain is non-hemolytic, does not produce amino acid decarboxylase, and is not resistant to multiple antibiotics. In the mouse model, P. megaterium PH3 did not have significant effects on body weight, behavior, or physiological indicators. These results provide important basic data and theoretical support for its industrial application and the research and development of plant protection agents.
Alkali Ion-Accelerated Gelation of MXene-Based Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Sensing and Machine Learning-Assisted Recognition
Authors: Na Weidan , Xu Chao , An Lei , Ou Changjin , Gao Fan , Zhu Guoyin , Zhang Yizhou
Published: November 2024

Conductive hydrogels are promising active materials for wearable flexible electronics, yet it is still challenging to fabricate conductive hydrogels with good environmental stability and electrical properties. In this work, a conductive MXene/LiCl/poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) hydrogel system was successfully prepared with an impressive conductivity of 12.2 S/m. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of MXene and a lithium bond can significantly accelerate the polymerization process, forming the conductive hydrogel within 1 min. In addition, adding LiCl to the hydrogel not only significantly increases its water retention ability, but also enhances its conductivity, both of which are important for practical applications. The flexible strain sensors based on the as-prepared hydrogel have demonstrated excellent monitoring ability for human joint motion, pulse, and electromyographic signals. More importantly, based on machine learning image recognition technology, the handwritten letter recognition system displayed a high accuracy rate of 93.5%. This work demonstrates the excellent comprehensive performance of MXene-based hydrogels in health monitoring and image recognition and shows potential applications in human–machine interfaces and artificial intelligence.
Biological Nitrification Inhibition by Australian Tussock Grass and Its Impact on the Rhizosphere Ammonia-Oxidizing Microbiome
Authors: Zhou Yi , Toh Ruey , Iqbal Nasir , Ryder Maarten , Li Jishun , Denton Matthew D.
Published: November 2024

Certain plant species have developed the ability to express biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), suppressing the activity of nitrifying microbes and thereby reducing the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. This study assessed the BNI capacity and the rhizosphere ammonia-oxidizing microbiome of two grass species: the endemic Australian Barley Mitchell grass (Astrebla pectinata) and the introduced koronivia grass (Urochloa humidicola), using soils from both agricultural land and native vegetation. In agricultural soil, koronivia grass exhibited significantly higher BNI capacity compared with Barley Mitchell grass. However, in native soil, this trend was reversed, with Barley Mitchell grass demonstrating a significantly greater BNI capacity than koronivia grass (52% vs. 38%). Koronivia grass significantly altered the composition of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community in its rhizosphere, leading to a decrease in the Shannon index and bacteria number. Conversely, Barley Mitchell grass reduced the Shannon index (1.2 vs. 1.7) and population size (3.28 × 107 vs. 7.43 × 107 gene copy number g−1 dry soil) of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea community in its rhizosphere to a greater extent. These findings suggest that Australian Barley Mitchell grass may have evolved mechanisms to suppress soil archaeal nitrifiers, thereby enhancing its BNI capacity and adapting to Australia’s nutrient-poor soils.
Correction: Azari et al. The Efficacy of Ketamine for Acute and Chronic Pain in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1560
Authors: Azari Leila , Hemati Homa , Tavasolian Ronia , Shahdab Sareh , Tomlinson Stephanie M. , Babilonia Margarita Bobonis , Huang Jeffrey , Tometich Danielle B. , Turner Kea , Anaraki Kimia Saleh , Jim Heather S. L. , Tabriz Amir Alishahi
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Effects of Work Engagement and Barriers on Evidence-Based Practice Implementation for Clinical Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mun Kijung , Lee Minsung , Shim Jaelan
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) among healthcare professionals is a vital strategy for improving the quality of healthcare services, patient outcomes, and professional role satisfaction. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of work engagement and barriers to EBP implementation among clinical nurses. Methods: In this cross-section study, we collected data from 184 nurses with at least 1 year of clinical experience using a questionnaire. The study was performed in three general hospitals in Korea between 17 July and 4 August 2023. Following data collection, we performed descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe’s post hoc test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple regression to analyze the data. Results: EBP implementation was found to be positively correlated with work engagement (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with barriers to implementing EBP (r = −0.44, p < 0.001). Factors influencing EBP implementation included work engagement (β = 0.14, p = 0.041) and barriers (β = −0.39, p < 0.001). Notably, barriers had a greater influence on EBP implementation than work engagement. Conclusions: Policy support, including performance incentives and training policies, among others, along with an organizational environment that provides necessary resources, should be established to encourage nurses’ engagement, which influences their organizational performance to improve EBP. In addition, it is crucial to develop and strengthen educational and support programs for nurses regarding EBP to help identify and minimize barriers to implementing this practice.
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression During Pregnancy: A Survey Among Antenatal Women Attending Primary Health Centers
Authors: Jalal Sahbanathul Missiriya , Alsebeiy Saad Hamoud , Alshealah Nuriya Mousa Jafar
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Maternal mental health problems such as stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) in antenatal women are major public health challenges. This study aimed to determine the levels of SAD in antenatal women and associate the selected variables with them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected primary health centers (PHC) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The pregnant women were selected using systematic randomization, and their SAD levels were assessed using the perceived stress scale (PSS), the state anxiety scale (SAS), and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Linear regression was used to associate factors related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: Out of 346 antenatal women, 4% had a high level of stress and 27.2% had a moderate level of stress. Regarding the level of anxiety, 2.6% of them had high anxiety, and 32.9% had moderate anxiety. Around 32 (9.2%) women had moderate depression, and 4 (1.2%) had severe depression. The mean score of SAD was 11.99, 28.88, and 4.73, respectively. A linear regression proved that there was an association between stress and age, occupation, gestational age (GA), gravida, para, abortions, and social support (SS) (p < 0.05). Anxiety was associated with age, GA, gravida, para, abortions, past obstetrical complications, and SS (p < 0.05). Depression was related to age, education, occupation, para, abortions, past obstetrical complications, and SS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Due to the prevalence of SAD in pregnancy, the screening of these conditions and awareness creation about the associated factors can help to identify potential risks earlier and prevent maternal and fetal complications.
In Vitro Coating Hydroxyapatite with 2-Heptylcyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Prevents P. gingivalis Biofilm
Authors: Montgomery Emily C. , Wicker Madelyn C. , Yusuf Tibirni , Matlock-Buchanan Elizabeth , Fujiwara Tomoko , Bumgardner Joel D. , Jennings J. Amber
Published: November 2024

Infections are a common post-operative ailment for patients who have received a dental implant or device and can be attributed to biofilm formation in tissue or on the implant. Many current solutions for oral hygiene have side effects and affect the natural oral microbiome. 2-heptylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (2CP) is a medium-chain fatty acid and synthetic diffusible signaling factor that can prevent and disperse biofilm. The purpose of this work was to evaluate an immersion strategy for coating hydroxyapatite (HAp) with 2CP to prevent biofilm attachment on and around natural teeth and dental implants. The release profile of 2CP-loaded and 2CP+oral rinse-loaded HAp coupons (n = 6) was assessed by a 3-day exposure to phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Antimicrobial properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis and cytocompatibility of 2CP-loaded HAp coupons (n = 4) were also assessed alone and in combination with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse. The majority of 2CP is released by 12 h. 2CP, oral rinse, and 2CP+oral rinse significantly reduced P. gingivalis viability, though direct contact assay demonstrates a significant reduction in Saos-2 viability for oral rinse and 2CP+oral rinse coupons. Immersion or rinsing hydroxyapatite with 2CP could inhibit biofilm-associated dental infections and prevent further complications including caries, gingivitis, and peri-implantitis.
Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Implications
Authors: Roveta Fausto , Bonino Lucrezia , Piella Elisa Maria , Rainero Innocenzo , Rubino Elisa
Published: November 2024

The identification of neuroinflammation as a critical factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has expanded the focus of research beyond amyloid-β and tau pathology. The neuroinflammatory fluid biomarkers GFAP, sTREM2, and YKL-40 have gained attention for their potential in early detection and monitoring of disease progression. Plasma GFAP has demonstrated promise in predicting the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD dementia, while sTREM2 highlights microglial activation, although there are conflicting results regarding its dynamics in AD pathogenesis. Advanced imaging techniques, such as PET tracers targeting TSPO and MAO-B, have also been developed to visualize glial activation in vivo, offering spatial and temporal insights into neuroinflammatory processes. However, the clinical implementation of these biomarkers faces challenges due to their lack of specificity, as many of them can be elevated in other conditions. Therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation are emerging, with TREM2-targeting therapies and antidiabetic drugs like GLP-1 receptor agonists showing potential in modulating microglial activity. Nevertheless, the complexity of neuroinflammation, which encompasses both protective and harmful responses, necessitates further research to fully unravel its role and optimize therapeutic approaches for AD.
The Telomere-to-Telomere Genome of Jaboticaba Reveals the Genetic Basis of Fruit Color and Citric Acid Content
Authors: Zhao Long , Li Zixuan , Jiang Sirong , Xia Chengcai , Deng Ke , Liu Biao , Wang Zihao , Liu Qi , He Miaohua , Zou Meiling , Xia Zhiqiang
Published: November 2024

Jaboticaba is a typical tropical plant that blossoms and bears fruit on the tree trunks and branches. The fruits resemble grapes in appearance and texture and are also known as “treegrapes”. Currently, research on the genomics of jaboticaba is lacking. In this study, we constructed an integrated, telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome and two nearly complete haploid genomes, thereby providing a high-quality genomic resource. Furthermore, we unveiled the evolutionary history of several species within the Myrtaceae family, highlighting significant expansions in metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis throughout their evolutionary process. Transcriptome analysis of jaboticaba fruits of different colors revealed that the development of fruit skin color in jaboticaba is associated with the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, with the flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) gene potentially regulating fruit skin color. Additionally, by constructing the regulatory pathway of the citric acid cycle, we found that low citric acid content is correlated with high expression levels of genes such as thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and low expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), indicating that PEPCK positively regulates citric acid content. These T2T genomic resources will accelerate jaboticaba pepper genetic improvement and help to understand jaboticaba genome evolution.
Deciphering Folate Receptor alphaGene Expression and mRNA Signatures in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Precision Therapies
Authors: Kfoury Maria , Finetti Pascal , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François , Sabatier Renaud
Published: November 2024

Antibody–drug conjugates targeting folate receptor alpha (FRα) are a promising treatment for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) with high FRα expression. Challenges persist in accurately assessing FRα expression levels. Our study aimed to better elucidate FRα gene expression and identify mRNA signatures in OC. We pooled OC gene expression data from 16 public datasets, encompassing 1832 OC and 30 normal ovarian tissues. Additional data included DNA copy number and methylation data from TCGA and protein data from 363 cancer cell lines from the Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. FOLR1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with protein expression in pan-cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer cell lines. FOLR1 expression was higher in OC samples than in normal ovarian tissues (OR = 3.88, p = 6.97 × 10−12). Patients with high FOLR1 expression were more likely to be diagnosed with serous histology, FIGO stage III–IV, and high-grade tumors; however, nearly similar percentages of patients with low FOLR1 expression were also diagnosed with these features. FOLR1 mRNA expression was not correlated with platinum sensitivity or complete surgery, nor with prognosis. However, we identified a 187-gene signature associated with high FOLR1 expression that was significantly associated with improved survival (HR = 0.71, p = 1.18 × 10−6), independently from clinicopathological features. We identified a gene expression signature correlated to high FRα expression and OC prognosis, which may be used to refine therapeutic strategies targeting FRα in OC. These findings warrant validation in larger cohorts.
Mechanistic and Therapeutic Implications of Protein and Lipid Sialylation in Human Diseases
Authors: Zhong Xiaotian , D’Antona Aaron M. , Rouse Jason C.
Published: November 2024

Glycan structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surface glycocalyx and luminal sugar layers of intracellular membrane compartments in human cells constitute a key interface between intracellular biological processes and external environments. Sialic acids, a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone, are frequently found as the terminal residues of these glycoconjugates, forming the critical components of these sugar layers. Changes in the status and content of cellular sialic acids are closely linked to many human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, infectious, and lysosomal storage diseases. The molecular machineries responsible for the biosynthesis of the sialylated glycans, along with their biological interacting partners, are important therapeutic strategies and targets for drug development. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the recent literature and provide new scientific insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic implications of sialylation in glycoproteins and glycolipids across various human diseases. Recent advances in the clinical developments of sialic acid-related therapies are also summarized and discussed.
Detection of Androgen Receptors in Spermatozoa of Small Ruminants: A Putative Modulation Pathway for Cryoresistance Through AQP3
Authors: Alba Esther , Castaño Cristina , Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Velázquez Rosario , Martínez-Madrid Belén , Gómez-Crespo Alberto , Álvarez-Rodríguez Manuel , Rodriguez-Martinez Heriberto , Santiago-Moreno Julián
Published: November 2024

This work was aimed to identify androgen receptors (AR) in the spermatozoa of wild and domestic ruminants and to assess the effect of testosterone on sperm localization of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) and cryopreservation process. Sperm samples from wild species were incubated with testosterone (T group), 1,3-propanediol (PDO group), phloretin (PHL group), PDO+T group, PHL+T group. Western blot identified the presence of AR as a single band of about 48 KDa. Immunolabelling of AR was located in the equatorial segment of the sperm head. In mouflons, the cryoresistance ratio for acrosome integrity was lower (p < 0.05) in the PHL+T than in Control and T groups. In ibexes, the cryoresistance ratio for acrosome integrity was lower (p < 0.05) in the PHL+T, PHL, and T group than in the Control group; the cryoresistance ratios for sperm kinematic variables were lower (p < 0.05) in PDO+T than in Control. No changes were found among treatments in the proportion of spermatozoa showing AQP3 in the different membrane domains after incubation and thawing in both mouflon and ibex. In conclusion, testosterone negatively affected sperm cryoresistance expressed as acrosome integrity, enhancing the effects of the AQP blocker PHL. Our findings provide a sound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that explain the seasonal variation in sperm freezability from ruminants.
Synthesis and Rearrangement of New 1,3-Diamino-2,7-naphthyridines and 1-Amino-3-oxo-2,7-naphthyridines
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Spinelli Domenico , Mattioli Edoardo Jun , Calvaresi Matteo , Geronikaki Athina , Kartsev Victor G. , Hakobyan Elmira K. , Yegoryan Hasmik A. , Jughetsyan Hasmik V. , Manukyan Mariam E. , Hovakimyan Anush A.
Published: November 2024

Herein we describe the synthesis and rearrangement of 1,3-diamino-2,7-naphthyridines and 1-amino-3-oxo-2,7-naphthyridines. In the case of 1,3-diamino-2,7-naphthyridines, it was found that the rearrangement reaction was influenced by both the substituent at the 7th position of the 2,7-naphthyridine ring and by the nature of the cyclic amine at the 1st position. The influence was mainly steric. The reaction of 1-amino-3-oxo-2,7-naphthyridines with amines was studied for the first time. It was revealed that for these substrates, the rearrangement occurs faster and without any influence of the alkyl and cyclic amine groups. We also observed the nucleophilic addition of the amine to the carbonyl group of the rearranged product with the formation of a Schiff base. The calculation of the ESP charges on these substrates indicates a considerable increase in the positive charge on the cyano group that suffers the nucleophilic attack during the rearrangement process, possibly explaining its increased tendency to react and to have a higher reaction velocity.
Early Detection of Both Pyrenophora teres f. teres and f. maculata in Asymptomatic Barley Leaves Using Digital Droplet PCR (ddPCR)
Authors: Bouhouch Yassine , Aggad Dina , Richet Nicolas , Rehman Sajid , Al-Jaboobi Muamar , Kehel Zakaria , Esmaeel Qassim , Hafidi Majida , Jacquard Cédric , Sanchez Lisa
Published: November 2024

Efficient early pathogen detection, before symptom apparition, is crucial for optimizing disease management. In barley, the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres is the causative agent of net blotch disease, which exists in two forms: P. teres f. sp. teres (Ptt), causing net-form of net blotch (NTNB), and P. teres f. sp. maculata (Ptm), responsible for spot-form of net blotch (STNB). In this study, we developed primers and a TaqMan probe to detect both Ptt and Ptm. A comprehensive k-mer based analysis was performed across a collection of P. teres genomes to identify the conserved regions that had potential as universal genetic markers. These regions were then analyzed for their prevalence and copy number across diverse Moroccan P. teres strains, using both a k-mer analysis for sequence identification and a phylogenetic assessment to establish genetic relatedness. The designed primer-probe set was successfully validated through qPCR, and early disease detection, prior to symptom development, was achieved using ddPCR. The k-mer analysis performed across the available P. teres genomes suggests the potential for these sequences to serve as universal markers for P. teres, transcending environmental variations.
Enabling Parallel Performance and Portability of Solid Mechanics Simulations Across CPU and GPU Architectures
Authors: Morgan Nathaniel , Yenusah Caleb , Diaz Adrian , Dunning Daniel , Moore Jacob , Heilman Erin , Lieberman Evan , Walton Steven , Brown Sarah , Holladay Daniel , Marki Russell , Robey Robert , Knezevic Marko
Published: November 2024

Efficiently simulating solid mechanics is vital across various engineering applications. As constitutive models grow more complex and simulations scale up in size, harnessing the capabilities of modern computer architectures has become essential for achieving timely results. This paper presents advancements in running parallel simulations of solid mechanics on multi-core CPUs and GPUs using a single-code implementation. This portability is made possible by the C++ matrix and array (MATAR) library, which interfaces with the C++ Kokkos library, enabling the selection of fine-grained parallelism backends (e.g., CUDA, HIP, OpenMP, pthreads, etc.) at compile time. MATAR simplifies the transition from Fortran to C++ and Kokkos, making it easier to modernize legacy solid mechanics codes. We applied this approach to modernize a suite of constitutive models and to demonstrate substantial performance improvements across different computer architectures. This paper includes comparative performance studies using multi-core CPUs along with AMD and NVIDIA GPUs. Results are presented using a hypoelastic–plastic model, a crystal plasticity model, and the viscoplastic self-consistent generalized material model (VPSC-GMM). The results underscore the potential of using the MATAR library and modern computer architectures to accelerate solid mechanics simulations.
A Brief Review of the Microweiseinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Region, Including Description of a New Species
Authors: Poorani Janakiraman
Published: November 2024

Indian species of Microweiseinae are reviewed, comprising eight species (five species of Serangium Blackburn, one species of Microserangium Miyatake, and two species of Scymnomorphus Weise, including one new species from the southern Indian state of Kerala, Scymnomorphus ochraceus sp. n.). Illustrated diagnostic accounts are given for all species with details of distribution, biology, and host insects, wherever they are known. Immature stages are illustrated for Serangium parcesetosum Sicard and Serangium chapini (Kapur). An updated checklist of the Microweiseinae of India is given. The need for focused collections and systematic studies to unearth the hidden diversity of Indian Microweiseinae is discussed, and comments on their poor utilization in applied biological control in India are made.
Patient-Level Pericoronary Adipose Tissue Mean Attenuation: Associations with Plaque Characteristics
Authors: Overgaard Katrine Schultz , Andersen Thomas Rueskov , Mohamed Roda Abdulkadir , Kristensen Sebastian Villesen , Precht Helle , Lambrechtsen Jess , Auscher Søren , Egstrup Kenneth
Published: November 2024

Pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCATa), observed from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), is emerging as an inflammation marker. This study evaluated the relationship between PCATa and plaque characteristics, including plaque type, burden, and coronary calcification. An observational study was conducted on 466 patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome who underwent clinically indicated CCTA. PCATa was measured along the proximal 40 mm of the coronary arteries and averaged to represent the patient’s level. Plaque type was assessed, compositional plaque volumes were measured, and plaque burdens were quantified. The coronary calcification scores (CCSs) were categorized into groups. Statistical methods included t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariate regression analysis. PCATa differed significantly between calcified (−81.7 Hounsfield units (HU)) and soft (−77.5 HU) plaques. PCATa was positively associated with total plaque burden (β = 3.6) and non-calcified plaque burden (β = 7.0), but negatively correlated with calcified plaque burden (β = −3.5), independent of clinical factors and tube voltage (p < 0.05). The effect of PCATa was stronger when plaques of a different composition were absent. No significant differences in PCATa were found among different CCS groups. PCATa increased for calcified compared to soft plaques. The non-calcified plaque burden was associated with a higher PCATa, while the calcified plaque burden was associated with a lower PCATa.
Role of Avacopan on Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Sandino Justo , Morales Enrique
Published: November 2024

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA) vasculitis are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of the microvasculature, leading to life-threatening complications, including kidney disease. These diseases are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Conventional treatment modalities have evolved towards personalized therapies intending to mitigate inflammation and minimize the adverse effects of traditional immunosuppressive agents. Avacopan, a novel C5a receptor inhibitor, represents a promising therapeutic option for vasculitis with renal involvement. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of complement in the pathogenesis of vasculitis with renal involvement and the role of avacopan for its treatment, taking into account recent updates to both the EULAR and KDIGO guidelines and published experience of avacopan use in real clinical settings.
Comparative Accuracy of Stationary and Smartphone-Based Photogrammetry in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Clinical Study
Authors: Seifert Lukas B. , Beyer Michel , Czok Vanessa , Aigner Alexander , Abazi Sead , Thieringer Florian M. , Sader Robert
Published: November 2024

Background: Three-dimensional facial scan technologies, such as stereophotogrammetry, are frequently used in oral and maxillofacial surgery, dentistry, and plastic surgery to assess patient outcomes and plan surgical procedures. Most facial scanners rely on stationary clinical systems, which provide high accuracy and reliability in generating 3D representations of the human face; however, they are cost-intensive and immobile. Recently, smartphone-based facial scan applications that use stereophotogrammetry have been developed. These applications are cost-effective and more accessible than existing stationary systems. Methods: In this study, we compared the accuracy of three different smartphone applications—EM3D, Polycam, and ScandyPro—on an iPhone 14 Pro, which utilizes Apple’s LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, to a stationary system by 3DMD, which is considered a gold standard in many studies. Results: The applications included in the study have demonstrated the capability to perform accurately in clinical settings, with mean surface distances of 1.46 mm for EM3D, 1.66 mm for Polycam, and 1.61 mm for ScandyPro. Conclusions: These results suggest that smartphone-based facial scan systems could be a viable alternative, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, further research and collaboration between academia and industry are necessary to fully integrate these technologies into clinical practice.
Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Imaging, and Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Horai Yoshiro , Shimizu Toshimasa , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi
Published: November 2024

It is our pleasure to present the Special Issue “Diagnosis and Treatment of Sjögren’s Syndrome” to the readers of the Journal of Clinical Medicine [...]
Platelet-Function-Monitoring-Guided Therapy After Emergent Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Kreiberg Magnus Peter Brammer , Laugesen Nicolaj Grønbæk , Brandt Andreas Hjelm , Stavngaard Trine , Højgaard Joan , Truelsen Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Antiplatelet therapy after emergent carotid stenting (eCAS) represents a challenge in balancing the risk of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and in-stent thrombosis (IST). Post-procedural platelet function monitoring may guide antiplatelet therapy and could potentially improve outcomes due to fewer post-procedural complications. Methods: Consecutive eCAS patients (2019–2021) were included in a single-center retrospective observational study. Patients treated with eCAS received peri-procedural eptifibatide followed by dual antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel. The effect of platelet ADP inhibition by clopidogrel was monitored using the Multiplate® Analyzer (Roche). Clopidogrel non-responders were changed to ticagrelor treatment. The primary outcome was defined as a favorable outcome at 90 days using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2 versus 3–6. Safety outcomes included ICH, IST, and mortality. Data were analyzed and compared in clopidogrel- and ticagrelor-treated patients using Fischer’s exact test and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 105 patients had eCAS, and 28 patients (27%) were clopidogrel non-responders and were changed to treatment with ticagrelor. The favorable outcome was more frequent in ticagrelor-treated patients, 23 (82%), than in clopidogrel-treated patients, 44 (57%), p = 0.036. Numerically, ICH, IST, and mortality were more frequent in clopidogrel-treated patients, but none of the differences were statistically significant. In multivariate analyses, ticagrelor treatment was significantly associated with the favorable outcome, OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 1.09–13.86), p = 0.036. Conclusions: One in four eCAS patients were clopidogrel non-responders. This study suggests that personalized antiplatelet treatment therapy was safe, and that changing treatment to ticagrelor in clopidogrel non-responders was associated with better outcomes in eCAS patients.
Addressing Biomechanical Errors in the Back Squat for Older Adults: A Clinical Perspective for Maintaining Neutral Spine and Knee Alignment
Authors: Papadakis Zacharias , Stamatis Andreas , Almajid Rania , Appiah-Kubi Kwadwo , Smith Matthew Lee , Parnes Nata , Boolani Ali
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Falls pose a significant health risk for older adults, often due to balance disorders and decreased mobility. Methods: The ability to perform sit-to-stand transfers, which involve squatting, is crucial for daily independence. Incorporating squats into exercise routines can enhance lower body strength, reduce fall risk, and improve overall quality of life. Results: While the back squat is beneficial, proper form is essential to avoid biomechanical errors, like lumbar hyperlordosis and knee valgus. Conclusions: Health and fitness professionals, such as physical therapists and/or clinical exercise physiologists, should carefully guide older adults in performing the back squat, addressing any functional deficits, and ensuring proper technique to minimize the risk of injury and maximize the benefits.
Strabismus Detection in Monocular Eye Images for Telemedicine Applications
Authors: Kurdthongmee Wattanapong , Udomvej Lunla , Sukkuea Arsanchai , Kurdthongmee Piyadhida , Sangeamwong Chitchanok , Chanakarn Chayanid
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel method for the early detection of strabismus, a common eye misalignment disorder, with an emphasis on its application in telemedicine. The technique leverages synchronized eye movements to estimate the pupil location of one eye based on the other, achieving close alignment in non-strabismic cases. Regression models for each eye are developed using advanced machine learning algorithms, and significant discrepancies between estimated and actual pupil positions indicate the presence of strabismus. This approach provides a non-invasive, efficient solution for early detection and bridges the gap between basic research and clinical care by offering an accessible, machine learning-based tool that facilitates timely intervention and improved outcomes in diverse healthcare settings. The potential for pediatric screening is discussed as a possible direction for future research.
A Mathematical Model for Wind Velocity Field Reconstruction and Visualization Taking into Account the Topography Influence
Authors: Khayretdinova Guzel , Gout Christian
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose a global modelling for vector field approximation from a given finite set of vectors (corresponding to the wind velocity field or marine currents). In the modelling, we propose using the minimization on a Hilbert space of an energy functional that includes a fidelity criterion to the data and a smoothing term. We discretize the continuous problem using a finite elements method. We then propose taking into account the topographic effects on the wind velocity field, and visualization using a free library is also proposed, which constitutes an added value compared to other vector field approximation models.