bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Budaya Tura Jaji sebagai Modal Sosial Penyelesaian Konflik di Kecamatan Ende Selatan Kabupaten Ende
Authors: Rosalia Mistika Maria
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan budaya Tura Jaji dalam penyelesaian konflik masyarakat Kecamatan Ende Selatan. Fokus kajian penelitian ini adalah fungsi budaya Tura Jaji, proses penyelesaian konflik, dan Tura Jaji dijadikan sebagai Modal Sosial dalam penyelesaian konflik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipakai adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, dan penyajian data. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan keharmonisan hidup bermasyarakat, sebagai pedoman dalam bertingkah laku dan meningkatkan solidaritas, serta sebagai penyelesaian konflik social serta proses penyelesaian konflik dengan melewati tahapan: mengumpulkan kedua belah pihak yang berkonflik (Mera ngambe), melakukan musyawarah untuk berdamai (Bou Mondo), dan mimina sebagai proses pemulihan kembali dengan mengorbankan hewan untuk makan bersama seluruh masyarakat. Penyelesaian selanjutnya dilakukan dengan tahapan yang sama mengumpulkan kedua pihak yang berkonflik, melakukan musyawarah. Apabila salah satu pihak yang berkonflik tidak mau untuk berdamai, dilakukan tahapan pemberian makan leluhur (pa’a loka), sehingga pihak yang tidak mau untuk berdamai akan memperoleh sanksi adat. Budaya Tura Jaji dijadikan sebagai modal sosial penyelesaian konflik yang berpotensi bagi masyarakat Ende Selatan dengan berperan meningkatkan keutuhan sosial masyarakat. Masyarakat sejatinya menjadikan budaya Tura Jaji sebagai pedoman hidup demi kedamaian dan kesejahteraan bersama tanpa adanya konflik. Oleh karena itu, peran modal sosial efektif dalam penyelesaian konflik sosial di tengah masyarakat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa budaya Tura Jaji memiliki peran penting sebagai modal sosial dalam penyelesaian konflik di masyarakat Kecamatan Ende Selatan. Budaya ini menjadi pedoman hidup dan dijadikan sebagai mekanisme dalam menyelesaikan konflik sosial secara efektif.
Diseño de una unidad de economía conductual en una institución de educación superior
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Aimara , Perez Armenio
Published: June 2024

La educación superior en Ecuador requiere que se apliquen políticas conductuales para lograr el cumplimiento de su encargo social: la formación de las futuras generaciones. El objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una unidad de economía conductual en una institución de educación superior, que permita atender las situaciones de fricción, tanto en los clientes internos, como en los estudiantes. La metodología que se emplea es de tipo cualitativa, enfatizando en la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de casos de éxito previos. Los resultados permiten el diseño de una unidad de economía conductual en una institución de educación superior a partir del alineamiento estratégico con los objetivos de la institución. Como conclusiones se resalta la importancia de la creación y puesta en funcionamiento de este tipo de unidades en las instituciones de educación superior.
Abstract 
Higher education in Ecuador requires behavioral policies to be applied to achieve the fulfillment of its social mission: the training of future generations. The objective of this research is to design a behavioral economics unit in a higher education institution, which allows addressing friction situations, both in internal clients and in students. The methodology used is qualitative, emphasizing the bibliographic review and the analysis of previous success cases. The results allow the design of a behavioral economics unit in a higher education institution based on strategic alignment with the institution's objectives. As conclusions, the importance of the creation and implementation of this type of units in higher education institutions is highlighted.
Kewywords: Universities, management, educational indicators, social participation
PRODRUG DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ranjan Ravi
Published: June 2024

Prodrugs are drugs that have been biochemically or enzymatically modified in a way that allows the parent drug to be released once within the body. After being released, the substance may produce its desired pharmacological effect. The selection of prodrug design as a strategy is a viable solution for addressing various challenges encountered in drug discovery and development; aspects include durability, safety, liability, dissolution, transport, and medication specificity. Prodrug design is a novel method for targeting drugs by altering their physiochemical, biological, or pharmacokinetic features. Approximately 10-14% of pharmaceutical substances that have received global approval can be categorized as prodrugs. This chapter presents a thorough examination of the introduction, classification, rationale of prodrug approach, and various methodologies employed in prodrug drug design. It also delves into the many ways prodrug design might be used to the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, it examines the essential functional groups that can be employed in the design of prodrugs
EVALUATION OF DIURETIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF MIRABILIS JALAPA IN RODENT MODELS
Authors: M Ganga Raju , V N V L Suvarchala Reddy , P Madhavi , N Ramya
Published: June 2024

In-silico docking experiments and pharmacokinetic studies for bioactive components were conducted to assess the diuretic activity of the methanolic root extract of Mirabilis jalapa in animal models. The roots of Mirabilis jalapa have diuretic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-noniceptive, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, antihelmintic, anti-microbial, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. They also have anti-microbial, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The dried powder from the Mirabilis jalapa roots is extracted by soxhlation with methanol. Distilled water, a common medication (furosemide 20 mg/kg), and two separate doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of methanolic extract were administered to Wistar rats. By assessing variables such the frequency of urination, urine volume, electrolyte concentration, and pH of the urine, diuretic activity was assessed. The process of diuresis was described using electrolyte indices. In addition, the phytochemicals included in the plant extracts were subjected to a qualitative and quantitative study. The phytochemical components found in the roots of Mirabilis jalapa include flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, steroids, and carbohydrates. In the diuretic activity study, rats were split into four groups: control, extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, bd.wt, p.o.) and furosemide (20 mg/kg, bd.wt, i.p.). Significantly more salt and potassium were excreted in the urine as well as a rise in output compared to the control group. Flavonoid components have good binding affinities and bioavailability in contrast to standard, according to in-silico docking research. From the above results showed that methanolic root extract of Mirabilis jalapa possess diuretic activity
AN OVERVIEW OF AJWAIN (TRACHYSPERMUM AMMI)
Authors: Prathap Dr. B. , V Periyanayagi. , S Nathiya. , P Nandhini Priya. , K Nithish. , V Prabha.
Published: June 2024

Nowadays there are a variety of new drugs available in market and the use of drugs is also increasing day by day, which cause a lot of toxicity in the human body, hence it is necessary to promote natural ingredients or foods as dugs to minimize the toxicity of the drugs in the body. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest in the ayurvedic approach to medication. Globally, there has been a shift towards embracing herbal medicine. The majority of ayurvedic formulations are derived from various herbs, making them generally regarded as safe for use. Many kitchen ingredients offer numerous health benefits and have been employed in treating various ailments and their associated symptoms. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) is one such element with a long history of traditional use in addressing conditions like cough, bloating, indigestion, infections, and more. Ajwain is rich in medicinally active compounds, exhibiting various pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. Its composition includes approximately 50% thymol, 7% carvacrol, 35% terpinene, 25% para-cymene, in addition to pinene and limonene.Ajwain plays different pharmacological actions like diuretic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antiflatuent, anthelminthic, antiplatelet, bronchodilation, antiulcer, antitussive, analgesic, hepatoprotective and other activities. Furthermore, formulation of Trachyspermum ammi, general evaluations, extraction and analysis studies are discussed in detail.
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY INDEX USING GIS METHOD IN KALUGUMALAI, THOOTHUKUDI
Authors: R Abinaya , A Antony Ravindran , Mohana P. , Muthusamy S. , A Antony Alosanai Promilton
Published: June 2024

The present study aimed to attempt the subsurface groundwater quality contamination and utility for agriculture purposes. The scientific approach to subsurface groundwater quality study was identified with cation-anion parameters and WHO standards. The collected samples were systematically analyzed in the geochemistry lab and obtained over the limit of Cl-, So-4 parameter. The rock-water interaction plays a major role to control water quality. The infiltration of water moves through subsurface soil and rock-dissolved chemical constitutes reflect in the geochemical studies. The GIS techniques are applied to the WQI interpolation map display clearly seen in geochemical distribution and variation. In this study, much more amount of clay is enriched to continuous rainfall and evaporation processes to form the calcrete or kankar rock formation. The calcrete is a much more amount of Cl- enrich reflects in the geochemical data
GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF MAHABALIPURAM, CHENNAI, INDIA: A HYDROGEO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: A Ramachandran . , R.R Krishnamurthy. , S Nandhakumar. , V Gopal .
Published: June 2024

The present study examines coastal groundwater quality in Kanchipuram District, East Coast, and Tamil Nadu. A total of 72 groundwater samples were obtained both before to and during the monsoon season. These samples were analyzed for several parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO3), chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and total hardness. GIS created spatial distribution maps for all physicochemical parameters. The obtained findings were compared to the water quality guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Piper plot and correlation methods are commonly used to assess water quality and pollutants. Coastal areas with shallow groundwater tube wells have worse groundwater quality issues. Groundwater is fresh to brackish, according to results. Cations and anions are dominated by Na and Cl. Few samples have Cl, Ca, and Mg ions within the acceptable limit. Gibbs figure shows that most samples are rock–water interactions. The Piper diagram displays Na–Cl and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl groundwater samples. The majority of water quality samples are excellent to good and appropriate for drinking. The USSL graph demonstrates that most groundwater samples have high and medium salinity and low alkali risks. The use of factor analysis was employed in the classification of groundwater samples and the identification of pollutants and leaching of secondary salts dominates groundwater hydro geochemistry in the research area. The investigation found all groundwater samples appropriate for irrigation
PV BASED BI DIRECTIONAL NOVEL ISOLATED CONVERTER FOR EV SYSTEM
Authors: Marisargunam S. , Kavin K. S. , Anbarasu L. , Ahmed Khaliq
Published: June 2024

Electric Vehicles (EV) have been compelled to play a vital role in the future transportation system due to the scarcity and increasing expense of non-renewable energy source. The increased use of EVs necessitates the installation of PV panels because of its ample amount of production and cleaner form of energy. Nevertheless, the output from PV is low due to varying climatic condition. Hence, the PV energy necessitates using a DC-DC converter design which raises the low voltage output to the required level. In this proposed system, the battery energy storage (BES) serves as a backup source of energy while the PV array electricity is the main energy source. The bidirectional control of an isolated Cuk converter incorporates the charging and discharging control of the Battery Energy Storage system. In addition to this, it enables effective power transmission with negligible input/output current ripples. The employed adaptive PI controller is used to fine-tune the Proportional Integral (PI) controller's factors to enhance the Converter's functionality and effectiveness in conditions of changing temperature and irradiance. The isolated Cuk converter is precisely administered with the employed controller, resulting in a constant DC voltage output. The controlled DC voltage is provided to the single phase VSI which feeds the output to the LC filter that attenuates output voltage ripple and reduces high frequency ripple current of the inverter switches. The bidirectional isolated Cuk Converter's effectiveness and viability for PV-based EV applications are demonstrated by the results of a thorough simulation of the proposed strategy using MATLAB. These results show outstanding reliability and robust voltage stability.
PREPARATION METHODS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PROSPECTS OF Α-Fe2O3/GRAPHENE SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES IN A GREEN CHEMISTRY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Haridas Vijayasree , Surendran Sumisha , John Honey , Yaakob Zahira , Narayanan Binitha N.
Published: June 2024

Supercapacitors are high-efficiency green energy storage devices featuring long cycle and shelf life. The attainment of high- power density in combination with promising energy density is one of the main targets of developing hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials. Among the different electrical double-layer capacitance materials, graphene has an outstanding role due to its high surface area and conductivity. In addition, it can act as an excellent matrix for the dispersion of a variety of nanomaterials. Among the various pseudocapacitor metal oxides, α-Fe2O3 has the auspicious features of cost-effectiveness, environment friendliness, and natural abundance together with its high theoretical capacitance. This review target to explore the preparation methods and the features of α-Fe2O3/graphene. A glance at the greener methods of graphene and its nanocomposite preparation is given in the review. The future of these materials and the directions for further studies are also briefly mentioned at the end
ECO-DESIGN FOR ENHANCING PHA POLYMER PRODUCTION ABILITY OF CYANOBACTERIA
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Sharma Prachi , Jyoti Miss , Bandral Aanandi , Tyagi Shivani , Singh Mamtesh
Published: June 2024

Increasing synthetic plastic pollution, depleting fossil fuels and the need for biowaste management has been attributed for many decades to look for an alternative to synthetic plastic that can also be produced utilizing biowaste as the substrate so as to make it more economic. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) have been recognized as the most promising option as it has properties comparable to synthetic plastic but has the limitation related to its production cost. The effort for reducing the cost attributed to substrate cost can also be taken care of by employing the microbial candidates those has minimal requirements. Among them, Cyanobacteria is one of the promising candidates for production of value added products when it comes to sustainable development. They are photoautotrophic having the ability to fix inorganic carbon (C) i.e. atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen using sunlight energy. However, Cyanobacteria being photoautotrophic has certain limitation and challenges related to special culture environment requirements either for photobioreactor management or open pond monoculture maintenance, lower culture density etc. Thus, we need to adopt certain strategies which can be exploited to overcome these limitations and challenges. The chapter addresses such issues and possible strategies in terms of eco-designs to exploit Cyanobacteria ability to produce sustainable PHA polymer.
GREEN ENERGY AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE SOLAR ENERGY: A CONVERSION OF MASS HUMAN WORK WITH HYDRAULIC POWER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY
Authors: Manohar Dr. Ravi S. , Kakavipure Dr. Dilip K. , Momin Aaqib
Published: June 2024

To maintain the ecology of nature, it’s a global requirement for green energy. No doubt nanotechnology will put a milestone in this by improving storage capacity of the batteries, solar cell conversion capacity, it’s cost effectiveness and so on, although, it will be far away to reach to most of the Indian rural area because of cost factor. Here is the effort to give an alternative to the existing costly green energy. There are numbers of experiments and efforts done so far to produce Electricity through Human Power but none of them stand to provide High wattage requirement. Failure is mainly because the Generator demands huge and constant Human energy. We propose pedaling a bicycle for an electricity generator cascaded with Hydraulic brakes which will amplify Human Pedaling Force or torque to generate Electricity. Our goal is to cascade such units to build a mass unit of Human work energy Power Station which can empower rural schools through their own energy
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Bansal Ms. Deepali , Tilottma Dr.
Published: June 2024

India, as one of the world's fastest-growing economies, faces a significant challenge in meeting its increasing energy demands while also addressing environmental concerns. Energy efficiency has emerged as a crucial aspect of sustainable development in India. In this pursuit, energy efficiency has emerged as a crucial pillar of India's sustainable development journey. With a population of over 1.3 billion and a thriving economy, the need to optimize energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions has never been more pressing.
A WEB BASED INTERACTIVE TOOL FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND DATA VISUALIZATION FOR E-COMMERCE PRODUCT
Authors: Hussain Syed Akhter , Raziuddin Mohammed Zeeshan , Mohite Pratap Mohanrao , Ingle Sandip Eknathrao
Published: June 2024

The Sentiment analysis is a categorization of people’s opinions about product .Now a day’s peoples preferred online shopping which help to save time and human efforts while purchasing products. Gradually online shopping culture increase widely it becomes difficult to determine their choice and interest. To fill this gap we presented web based interactive real time tool for sentiment analysis by combining data extraction, sentiment analysis, and visualization with user interface development to effectively analyze and understand customer sentiments. Here initially Requests and BeautifulSoup libraries are used to scrape product reviews from e-commerce websites then extracted data is then processed and organize by using Panda library next, the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) is employed to perform sentiment analysis on the collected reviews. To visualize the sentiment analysis results, Matplotlib and its pyplot module are used to create insightful graphs and charts. Finally, Tkinter, a popular Python GUI toolkit, is employed to develop a user-friendly interface.
REMOTE SENSING AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITY AND LULC CLASSIFICATION: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Bangar Suvarnmala B. , Deshmukh Ratnadeep R.
Published: June 2024

Every government in the world desires smart cities since they have a direct impact on their country. The smart city requires not only that the people of the city be smart, but that the city's facilities be handled by technology in order to become smart. It uses numerous technologies such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), Remote Sensing, and GIS to make cities and governments smart. In this research work we concentrated on Remote Sensing GIS and Machine Learning approaches for the design and implementation of an E-Governance System for Municipal Corporations and Citizens, as well as how this technology aids in the establishment of a Smart City. Finally we choose Aurangabad City, Maharashtra, India as case study for development of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Map by using Machine Learning techniques for classification of Land in various classes. For the years 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, the LULC utilizing MLC has overall accuracies of 87.71%, 88.50%, 86.30%, and 86.06%, respectively. With an overall accuracy of 87.14% in classifying land use and land cover classes from remote sensor data, these accuracy results show that the categorized maps satisfied the USGS's classification criteria. Additionally, all four classified maps obtained kappa coefficient values larger than 0.78 in 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022, demonstrating that the classification is noticeably improved. These values were 0.85, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.79, respectively.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN HOMEOPATHY
Authors: Dhole R. S , Akarte A. M , Ahire R. D , Borse D. M , Patil N. S , Marathe P. S
Published: June 2024

Homeopathy, an alternative system of medicine, has been witnessing exciting advancements and innovations in recent years. This abstract explores the futuristic trends that are reshaping the landscape of homeopathic healthcare. From the integration of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of remedies, to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized case analysis, these trends promise to revolutionize the practice of homeopathy. Additionally, the emergence of homeopathy mobile applications, telemedicine consultations, and the utilization of big data in research are fostering new opportunities for accessible and evidence-based homeopathic care. Embracing these innovations may lead to a more comprehensive and holistic approach to healthcare, where traditional wisdom harmoniously meets modern technology.
"HEALTH HUB: YOUR TRUSTED GENERAL PRACTICE PARTNER"
Authors: Pawar Amol R. , V. Wagh Harshada. , Ahire Rahul D. , Pawara Pritam I. , More Swapnil .B.
Published: June 2024

The chapter "Health Hub: Your Trusted General Practice Partner" introduces a revolutionary approach to healthcare. It centers on patient well-being, using modern technology and a patient-centered ethos to provide personalized, convenient, and accessible care. This transformative concept represents the future of general practice, where patients are partners in their healthcare journey. The health Hub embodies a paradigm shift in general practice, embracing the principles of patient-centered care and the integration of advanced technology. This approach transcends traditional healthcare models by recognizing that patients are more than just recipients of medical services; they are active participants in their own well-being. One of the core features of the Health Hub is its commitment to holistic health. It acknowledges that a person's health is influenced not only by physical factors but also by their emotional and social context. By taking this comprehensive view, the Health Hub ensures that patients receive care that aligns with their values, preferences, and unique circumstances. Modern technology plays a pivotal role in the Health Hub's success. Telehealth services, for instance, empower patients to access healthcare remotely, reducing the need for in-person visits and minimizing wait times. Additionally, artificial intelligence and data analytics assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions, personalizing treatment plans, and predicting health risks. The Health Hub extends its vision beyond physical health to include mental well-being as an integral part of overall health. By offering integrated mental health services, it addresses the emotional and psychological aspects of health, recognizing that these factors are interconnected with physical health outcomes. As the Health Hub concept continues to evolve, it holds the promise of reshaping general practice into a more accessible, efficient, and patient-centric model. It envisions a future where healthcare is not simply a service but a collaborative partnership between patients and providers, where well-being is holistic, and where technology enhances rather than replaces the human touch.
NEWER CONCEPTS IN PERIODONTAL REGENERATION
Authors: Karthikeyan Dr. S. S. Sai , Lakshmi Keerthi Dr. Kandavalli , Kumar Dr. V. Shiva , Kartheek Dr. G.
Published: June 2024

Recent developments in periodontal regeneration have brought forward innovative ideas that have the potential to improve treatment outcomes. Biologics and growth factors can be used as innovations to promote stem cell recruitment and tissue healing. The ability of stem cell therapies, particularly MSCs, to differentiate into diverse periodontal tissues is being investigated. Through targeted gene delivery, gene therapy techniques seek to control cellular function and promote predictable regeneration. The development of patient-specific scaffolds is made possible by advanced biomaterials and 3D printing which provides precise control over angiogenesis and inflammation. Photobiomodulation proved to be aiding in periodontal regeneration by stimulating cellular processes and enhancing tissue healing. Collectively, these more recent ideas display a dynamic periodontal regeneration landscape, giving prospective innovations for raising the quality and efficacy of periodontal tissue restoration.c
NEUROSCIENCE AND BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES: UNRAVELING THE SECRETS OF THE MIND
Authors: Kholiya Dr. Kanchan
Published: June 2024

With its intricate network of neurons, the human brain remains one of the greatest frontiers of scientific exploration. In recent years, advancements in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have brought us closer to unlocking the secrets of the mind.
EMERGING ROLE OF BIOLOGICS IN COPD
Authors: Sarkar Dr. Trina
Published: June 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic airway inflammation and fixed airflow obstruction. The mainstay of treatment involves bronchodilators with the addition of inhaled corticosteroids in non-responding patients with eosinophilic sub-type. The airway inflammation in COPD is mainly neutrophilic, around 20% is mediated by eosinophils via Th2 pathway. With further understanding of Th2-mediated airway inflammation in COPD, novel biologics targeting specific stages in the immune pathway including monoclonal antibodies are under research. Although several biologics have been approved for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma, their efficacy in the treatment of COPD is unknown. In this review, we discuss the different studies, trials and clinical outcomes of biologics in COPD.
DESIGN OF SQUARE MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE
Authors: S Melkeri Dr. Vidyadhar
Published: June 2024

This chapter gives the design perspective and fabrication of square microstrip antennas (SQMA) with strip-line feeding technique and defected ground structures embedded on ground plane
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL SIZE PACKET SEALING MACHINE
Authors: Arora Rashmi , Kaur Simranjeet , Ratra Saurabh
Published: June 2024

Small size packet sealing machine is a packaging machine processed by packaging machines found in packaging industry. Product packaging, especially for the food products, is done to extend the life of the product. Unfortunately, it is found that small entrepreneurs face difficulties in purchasing packaging machines due to the relatively high cost of the machines. There are many local products produced by small entrepreneurs especially food products such as chips, pastes and some other open plastic packs in houses which we need to seal. This generally results in damage of the food after some time because they do not use the correct packaging method. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to help small entrepreneurs to be able to buy packaging machines that are affordable and have quality. This machine will pack food quickly and it saves time. The main aim of this paper is to develop a small size packet sealing machine. During the designing, the main consideration is to avoid accidental chances as well as to hold the machine easily for any person. In this, wooden pieces of bamboo are used for making holders and wires are used for electricity flow and a switch is attached within wires to control the working of machine. Battery of 12V is attached as a source for supply of current. The machine is tested on some plastic waste wrappers and on small household items and the result obtained is satisfactory.
CHAPTER ON ROBOTICS IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
Authors: Balineni Venky Naidu
Published: June 2024

Robotics is a very interesting and practical science. The word "Robot" is derived from "Robota," a lowly worker in Czech
PESTS OF POME FRUITS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ayoub Liyaqat , Yaqoob Munazah , Zahoor Sobiya , Wani Fazil Fayaz , Hanif Rukshanda , Gull Audil
Published: June 2024

Pome fruits, including apples, pears, and quince, are integral components of the Rosaceae family, exhibiting a unique structure with a thick membrane surrounding tiny seeds. However, these fruits are susceptible to a multitude of insect pests that pose significant challenges to orchard productivity. This review provides an overview of key insect pests affecting pome fruits, such as maggots, codling moths, leaf miners, psyllids, aphids, and mites. The severity of infestation categorizes these pests as major or minor, with direct and indirect impacts on fruit quality and yield. Historically, pest management involved physical treatments like picking and discarding infested fruits, weed control, and post-harvest fruit treatment. Nevertheless, with advancements in science and technology, modern approaches have emerged. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, combining biological, cultural, and chemical methods, play a pivotal role in sustainable pest control. Pheromone traps, insecticides, and beneficial insects are essential components of these strategies. Over 70 insect pests and mites specifically target pome fruits, necessitating a comprehensive and dynamic management approach. Successful pest control is vital to mitigate yield loss, minimize winter damage, and protect trees from insect assaults. This abstract underscores the evolving landscape of pest management in pome fruits, emphasizing the importance of adopting innovative and environmentally friendly methods to ensure the health and productivity of orchards.
ROLE OF CALCIUM SIGNALING IN PLANT DEFENSE MECHANISM
Authors: Gani Saima , Nabi Asha , Rather Tariq Rasool , Wani Tanveer Ahmed , Anwar Ali , Noor-ul-Ain Mr. , Sheeba Ms. , Iqbal Iram , Tawkeer-un-Nisa Mr. , Zahoor Heena
Published: June 2024

Calcium (Ca 2+ ) is important universal second messenger involved in sensing and translating biotic and abiotic stimuli into various defense responses such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as well as induced expression of PR genes. Recognition of stress (biotic or abiotic) by receptor proteins present on plasma membrane, tonoplast, endomembranes result in opening of calcium channels causing influx of calcium into cytosol and this calcium is released from multiple calcium stores, including the apoplast, vacuole, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Calcium-permeable channels have been recorded in the plasma membrane, tonoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast and nuclear membranes of plant cells that mediate calcium influx into cytosol. The intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations are usually maintained at lower levels, but there is increase in cytosolic calcium concentration upon perception of stresses. This elevated calcium concentration is translated into defense responses by Ca 2+ binding proteins or Ca 2+ sensors like calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins into specific cellular and physiological responses. Elevated calcium concentration is regarded as an early defense event in response to many physiological stimuli such as light, touch, pathogenic elicitor, plant hormones and abiotic stresses like high salinity, cold and drought.
EARTHWORMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A REVIEW
Authors: Kajal Ms. , Ramandeep Mr. , Pooja Ms. , Duhan Komal
Published: June 2024

Utilizing natural resources without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is the idea of sustainability. Pesticides are known for their higher cost and adverse effects on agriculture. Chemical fertilizers should not be used excessively because they degrade soil. Organic fertilizers are cost effective and easily available. Sustainable agriculture or organic agriculture eliminates the harmful effects of synthetic fertilizers. In general, earthworm feeding and burrowing have many beneficial benefits on soil quality for crop yield. The activity of earthworms in their burrows increases the porosity of the soil, which increases the quantity of air and water that may enter the soil. One of the most significant animals in the soil, earthworms have the ability to maintain soil fertility. By producing aggregates, earthworms also strengthen the structure of the soil. Earthworms are essential to the initial breakdown, continued decomposition, and recycling of nutrients found in organic waste. Application of vermicompost increases the release of plant hormones, which results in beneficial adjustments to plant growth parameters. Casts from earthworms, which include nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and magnesium, improve soil fertility.
MICROGREENS AN EMERGING SUPERFOOD PACKED WITH HEALTH PROMOTING NUTRIENTS
Authors: Das Sibani
Published: June 2024

The next generation of “smart” foods, microgreens are becoming more and more well liked as food ingredients in recent times for their high nutritional value and benefits of having diverse organoleptic properties. Variety of vegetables, herbs and plants can be used to grow microgreens which are edible fresh greens. Chefs now favour microgreens, and they are also becoming more common in upscale grocery stores. Therefore, the expansion of microgreens offers enormous market opportunities on a global scale. They are appealing to growers because of their nutritional benefits, simple production processes, and quick production cycles among other factors. When compared with their mature- leaf counterparts, microgreens can offer higher levels of phytonutrients ascorbic acid, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and phylloquinone as well as the minerals calcium, magnesiumg, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and molybdenum. Microgreens can be grown all year round because they do not require any particular nutrients for growth. Since microgreens have a limited shelf life therefore better storage and transportation methods are required. The greens are packed in biodegradable clamshell containers because they are delicate and susceptible to bruishing. Microgreens should be packaged in bags with enough room at the top to safeguard the tender young shoots. Cut microgreens can be packaged in modified atmosphere packaging and kept at low temperatures to maintain their consistency and quality. Depending on their sensitivity or temperature tolerance, different species of microgreens are stored at various temperatures. One of the main limitations to the growth of the microgreen industry is the rapid deterioration in quality that occurs soon after harvest when they are ready to be harvested 7-14 days after germination, which drives high prices and trade restrictions on local sales. Once harvested, microgreens are prone to dehydration, wilting, decomposition, and rapid lose of some nutrients. Research has explored pre- and pos-tharvest interventions, such as calcium treatment, modified atmopsphere packaging and temperature and light control, to maintain quality, increase nutritional value and extend shelf life. However, further research is needed to optimize both production and storage conditions to improve the safety, quality, and shelf life of microgreens, thereby expanding the potential market.
THE OVERVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR REUSE
Authors: Thara Dr. K. , Selvabharathi Dr. G. , Sampathkumar Dr. N.
Published: June 2024

An industrial operation requires some of the systematic process to discharge the effluents, which comprises organic/ inorganic/ toxic compounds that have been present in the form of dissolved/suspended matter. The amount and quality of industrial effluent vary greatly based on the type of industry that produces it. Depending on wastewater composition, it could be highly biodegradable/non-biodegradable, or include chemicals that are resistant to treatment. The growing prevalence and diversity of synthetic chemicals is a major problem with industrial wastewater. During wastewater treatment, highly complex, putrescible organic particles are partially removed and partially decomposed into mineral or fairly stable organic substances. Conventional treatment methods often need significant energy inputs, extensive land expanses, and high operating and maintenance expenses. Recently, improved wastewater treatment techniques such as membrane technology, electrochemical processes, and oxidation processes have been developed and the treated water from these systems may be reused in a variety of applications, including irrigation and landscaping. In this study, a variety of industrial wastewater sources, treatment methods, and reuse techniques are explored.
FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING OF VARIOUS ORGANIC AMINO FLUOROPHORES BY INORGANIC ANIONS
Authors: Radha N. , Swaminathan M.
Published: June 2024

Fluorescence quenching of Aromatic amino fluorophores [Such as 2-aminodiphenyl(2ADP), 4-aminodiphenyl (4ADP), 2-amino7-bromofluorine (2ABF), 2-aminodiphenylsulphone (2ADPS), 3,3-diaminodiphenylsulphone (3DADPS), and 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulphone (4DADPS),) ] by inorganic anions [The inorganic anions used for quenching were the sodium salts of chloride (Cl-), Br–, SO42– SO32–, S2O32–, CO32–, NO3–, & HPO42–] have been studied in 95% (v/v) water-ethanol mixture medium. 2ADP, 4ADP, 2ADPS, and 3DADPS of the fluorescence quenching were observed with only one or two anions and so the quenching of these compounds is not discussed. The quenching was dynamic in 2ABF and (4DADPS). The plots of log kq values with singlet transition energy (Es) of the fluorophore and with ECTTS of the quencher are linear indicating the presence of an electron transfer quenching mechanism. ΔGTH values for charge transfer quenching have been determined for 4DADPS.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CLITORIATERNATEA (BUTTERFLY PEA)
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Agrawal Babita
Published: June 2024

Clitoriaternatea, also called the "Butterfly Pea, Blue pea, Darwin pea" has been utilised for Ayurvedic medicine to treat conditions such as constipation, indigestion, arthritis, skin ailments, liver and digestive troubles, and indigestion. Many diseases are treated using the flowers, leaves, bark, roots, stems, and other components of C. ternatea. Worldwide, C. ternatea is used as a culinary colourant and as an attractive flower. Recent developments in biology and phytochemicals from C. ternatea plants are featured in this book chapter. From C. ternatea flowers, a number of phytochemicals have been extracted, including anthocyanins, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin glycosides. Clitoriaternatea flower extracts were discovered to have health-promoting antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic properties. Clitoriaternatea flower has a wide spectrum of pharmacotherapeutic qualities, is safe and effective, and is a viable option for functional food applications.
MXENE AND MXENE-BASED COMPOSITES FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYSICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, AND PERFORMANCE ASPECTS
Authors: Srinivasan Soorya , Nesakumar Noel , Jothibas M.
Published: June 2024

The emergence of 2D materials, exemplified by graphene and MXenes, has revolutionized the landscape of materials science, offering a versatile platform for exploring novel structures and properties. MXenes, akin to graphene, have garnered substantial scientific and technological interest over the last decade due to their exceptional electron migration properties, high specific surface area, and remarkable thermal and chemical stability. This article delves into the expanding realm of MXenes as a promising foundation for advanced nano-biosensors capable of detecting harmful chemical and biochemical analytes. MXenes, characterized by their layered structure and metallic properties, have demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications, ranging from hydrogen production, catalysis, energy storage, and adsorption to sensor technology. This work particularly emphasizes the significance of MXene-based sensors in detecting biomolecules relevant to human health and environmental safety. Achieving early-stage detection is paramount for timely medical interventions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of treatments. Nano-biosensors designed using MXenes prioritize high selectivity and sensitivity, aligning with contemporary demands for ultra-sensitive detection platforms. The unique properties of MXenes, including high surface area and tunable surface functional groups, make them easily adaptable for specific biomolecule interactions, enabling tailored sensor design. Their semi-conducting metallic attributes, coupled with optimal bandgap characteristics, confer superior detection sensitivity compared to alternatives like graphene. Importantly, MXenes boast non-toxic elemental compositions, such as nitrogen, carbon, or titanium, ensuring their safety as biosensing platforms. Researchers are actively exploring innovative ways to combine MXenes with other nanostructured materials to create multifunctional biosensors, capitalizing on the distinctive biological and electrical traits of MXenes. This research article highlights the exciting prospects of MXene-based nano-biosensors, underscoring their potential impact in high-impact factor journals. The integration of MXenes into sensor technology holds promise for early disease detection, environmental monitoring, and a host of other applications that demand exceptional analytical performance and reliability. As MXene-based sensors continue to advance, they contribute significantly to the evolving landscape of materials science and biosensing technologies.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Nath Jayanta
Published: June 2024

This review presents an overview and analysis of potential uses of nanotechnology in the fishery and aquaculture domains, while also investigating their potential for advancing sustainable development in these industries. A comprehensive overview will be provided, highlighting the various applications of nanotechnology and elucidating their biological effects on fish, as well as their influence on the productivity of the aquaculture sector. Furthermore, this chapter will delve into the current state and prospects of nanotechnology in areas such as fish feed formulation, packaging, storage, materials for aquaculture manufacturing such as fishing containers, water quality monitoring, and fish medicines delivery by ensuring a thorough exploration of these subjects.
SYNTHESIS, MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS OF GAS SENSORS-A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
Authors: Sarika Yadav S. , Praveena V J Usha , Nagaraju P. , Begum Sameena
Published: June 2024

An overview of Gas sensors is presented in the present chapter. The scientific community has recently conducted in-depth study from theory to practice on the optimum sensor. We address gas sensors for high-volume applications. This industry mostly consists of semiconductor sensors, although comparisons between rival products highlight their advantages. Spectroscopic data and molecular calculations shed light on chemical and physical function. As examples of significant applications, monitoring of combustibles, particularly methane, and the early detection of fires are provided. The development of electronic noses has been accelerated by advancements in microelectronics. This paper examines the current state of the art for electrical gas sensors using carbon nanomaterials, discusses the barriers to their commercialization, and also highlights some recent developments. In light of the foregoing, this review article concentrates on new materials and technologies that can be used for applications involving environmental monitoring, Indoor Air Quality, Automative applications, medical applications and other plentiful Applications.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON HUMIDITY SENSOR BASED ON PURE TIN DIOXIDE
Authors: Yadav Neetu , Kumar Pandey Narendra , Verma Vernica , Peramjeet Singh Dr. , Kumar Verma Amit
Published: June 2024

The powder form of nanoparticles of tin dioxide (SnO2) was synthesized via the co-precipitation technique. The resultant powder was annealed at 500 and 700 °C and fabricated into pellets for moisture-sensing characteristics. The characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the four-probe technique revealed that the nanoparticles have tetragonal structure, nanosphere-like morphology and an electrical band gap, respectively. The crystallite size and particle size of the nanoparticles increased with an increase in annealing temperature from 500 °C to 700 °C. The nanomaterials of SnO2 showed a sensitivity of 18.76 MΩ/%RH. The hysteresis of the sample was found to decrease with an increase in annealing temperature. The nanomaterial annealed at 700 °C showed 1.8% hysteresis. The nanomaterial SnO2 was found to be a potential candidate for a humidity sensor operable at room temperature.
CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR SMART HEALTHCARE – A SURVEY ON ENHANCING RESOURCES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Mariyam Ayesha , Basha Sk Althaf Hussain , Raju S Viswanadha
Published: June 2024

Now days, it is a challenge to provide effective resources for health- care in resources-poor environments mainly in the developing countries. Health care systems are utilizing the advantages of deep learning techniques. Convolution neural networks (CNN) is one of the deep learning techniques helps to improve healthcare system by imaging, solving human resources crisis and reducing cost. This chapter focuses on basic concepts of convolutional neural networks, its methodology and how healthcare in resources-poor settings can be improved by early detection of diseases and effective treatment. This chapter also presents different kinds of application systems developed using CNN to minimize the patient waiting time, to give health assistance to patients and to reduce the burden of maintaining health records, adding caption to a medical image and assigning appropriate code to particular disease. Therefore, we explored the benefits of CNN in healthcare and discussed some of the architectures of CNN.
CLOUD DATABASES: REVOLUTIONIZING DATA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Chintamaneni Dr. Vijayalakshmi
Published: June 2024

In today's digitally interconnected world, the generation and consumption of data have reached unprecedented levels. With businesses, organizations, and individuals constantly producing and accessing vast amounts of information, the traditional approach to data management has become increasingly inadequate. The limitations of on-premises databases, including scalability challenges, high maintenance costs, and data silos, have driven the need for a more innovative and efficient solution. Enter the era of cloud databases, a groundbreaking technology revolutionizing the way we handle and store data.