bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lost Lives at Westray: Official Discourse, Public Truth and Controversial Death
Authors: McMullan John
Published: July 2014

Cet article examine le rôle de l'enquête officielle sur des décès controversés lors de l'explosion dans une mine au Canada. Il documente comment la science médicale et le droit ont contribué à la production sociale des connaissances officielles sur les vies perdues lors de la catastrophe de Westray et analyse la signification de ce conte public de vérité sur l'enregistrement d'autres comptes-rendus de vérités. L'auteur tient aussi compte des contre-mémoires des comptes-rendus officiels et du rôle qu'une enquête publique formelle sur la catastrophe a joué dans la transformation ultérieure des champs d'énonciation atour de la vérité sur les décès à Westray.
Généalogie des droits fonciers autochtones en Nouvelle-Zélande (Aotearoa) et à Tahiti
Authors: Bambridge Tamatoa
Published: July 2014

From a comparative perspective between New-Zealand (Aotearoa) and Tahiti, indirect and direct administration during the colonial period (1840–1880) have produced similar effects: the acknowledgment of local custom in an effort to eradicate it. Polynesian answers were very similar: war or passive resistance, with more or less success. As far as the results of colonial policies are concerned, land spoliations were significant in both cases, though perhaps more important in New-Zealand then in Tahiti. The development of these Polynesian societies, as they take into account their cultural histories, will become a subject of increasing importance.
Civil Liability for Sexual Assault in Aboriginal Residential Schools: The Baker Did It
Authors: Feldthusen Bruce
Published: July 2014

Afin d'examiner le taux de réussite des plaignants victimes d'abus sexuels dans des écoles résidentielles autochtones, cet article passe en revue des décisions publiées en responsabilité civile. L'analyse est concentrée sur trois enjeux: la crédibilité, la quantification des dommages, ainsi que la responsabilité du fait d'autrui. La conclusion est que la responsabilité civile n'a pas servi les plaignants autochtones des écoles résidentielles. Leur témoignage est rarement cru dans un litige contesté. La détermination de l'indemnité ne tient pas compte de l'expérience totale du séjour en école résidentielle. En effet, l'indemnité est réduite pour refléter que certains dommages ne sont pas compensés. Le gouvernement n'est pas tenu responsable pour fait d'autrui de la totalité des abus perpétrés dans ces lieux. Les problèmes relevés dans cet article sont similaires à ceux vecus par d'autres plaignants d'abus sexuels. Toutefois, les survivants de ces écoles résidentielles ont dû faire face à des épreuves additionnelles, au-delà des défis posés à d'autres victimes. Nous aurions dû, et aurions pu, faire mieux.
The Self-Regulation of Virtual Reality: Issues of Voluntary Compliance and Enforcement in the Video Game Industry
Authors: Gray Garry C. , Nikolakakos Tomas
Published: July 2014

L'industrie du jeu vidéo et d'ordinateur récolte des bénéfices supérieurs aux films d'Hollywood et à la l'industrie de la pornographie—seul l'industrie de la musique excède ses revenus. Les jeux les plus célèbres emploient des représentations encore plus explicites de la criminalité, des drogues, du sexe, et de la violence extrême. En outre, grâce au progrès technologique, le contenu violent et sexuel des jeux vidèo devient de plus en plus réaliste et interactif. En conséquence, des discussions nationales indépendantes ont eu lieu globalement afin de déterminer si les jeux vidéo modernes constituent un nouveau problème social. Dans cette étude, nous effectuons une analyse du contenu interactif des jeux vidéo les plus célèbres, et nous démontrons que le contenu socialement contestable est aussi prévalent que le contenu violent. En plus, nous examinons de quelle manière les jeux vidéo sont côtés par l'Agence américaine d'évaluation des logiciels, ainsi que certaines questions entourant la réglementation volontaire.
The Autonomy and Permeability of Law: The Case of the Canadian Prohibition of Cannabis
Authors: Carrier Nicolas
Published: July 2014

La sociologie de Niklas Luhmann suggère de concevoir le droit comme un système social autonome, ne pouvant être déterminé de l'extérieur. Dans un tel cadre théorique, les relations du droit avec son environnement sont saisies à l'aide des concepts d'autopoïèse et de déparadoxification, ainsi que par le biais du paradoxe de l'ouverture par la fermeture. La théorie propose une façon d'analyser les relations intersystémiques qui refuse une domination verticale et linéaire du droit par d'autres formations discursives. Cet article utilise (quelques dimensions) de la re-validation de la constitutionnalité de la prohibition du cannabis par la Cour Suprême du Canada comme prétexte pour clarifier théoriquement et explorer empiriquement un tel cadre. Dans le cas étudié, le juridique choisit notamment d'accorder plus d'importance à des objets biomédicaux qu'à la doctrine libérate. Il pourra faire exactement le contraire dans ses prochaines opérations. La sociologie est condamnée à être surprise par la créativité que déploie le juridique en se maintenant et se transformant de façon autonome.
Civil Rights Meet Civil Engineering: Urban Public Space and Traffic Logic
Authors: Blomley Nicholas
Published: July 2014

En dépit de divergences idéologiques, les travaux savants sur l'espace public entendu comme site de rencontre entre les gens ont eu tendance à se centrer sur ses aspects éthiques et politiques. Cela s'est fait au détriment de ce que l'auteur nomme «la logique de circulation», une perspective envahissante de l'espace public qui fait valoir le mouvement et le flux des piétons et ne discrimine guère entre des corps et des choses. L'article illustre la fréquence et les conséquences de la logique de circulation en référant aux règlements municipaux de Vancouver. L'auteur relève ses importantes conséquences grâce à de brèves discussions de cas impliquant la mendicité et des manifestations publiques. L'étendue de la logique de circulation et l'évidence bureaucratique, bien qu'importantes, permettent mal de discerner ses effets comme sa portée. Forme influente bien que courante de la gouvernance urbaine, elle exige un examen plus minutieux.
Out of the Fires of Hell: Globalization as a Solution to Globalization—An Indigenist Perspective.
Authors: Ladner Kiera L. , Dick Caroline
Published: July 2014

Depuis les années 1960, les peuples autochtones du Canada essaient de reconstruire leurs nations ainsi que leurs systèmes économiques, politiques, sociaux et culturels. Ceux-ci défendent leurs revendications sur le plan domestique, à l'aide de démarches politiques et légales, tout en faisant valoir leurs demandes à l'échelle internationale. Malgré l'empiètement des droits constitutionnels des Autochtones et le choix du Canada de s'engager dans un discours sur les droits inhérents des peuples autochtones, les voies domestiques sont marquées, néanmoins, par une « paralysie des paradigmes » et les autorités canadiennes s'accrochent fermement au paradigme colonial. Par conséquent, les cours ainsi que les politiciens ont été incapables de remettre en cause l'autorité du gouvernement du Canada sur les questions touchant les Premières nations ou encore d'entériner la relation de nation à nation qui gouvernait autrefois les négociations de la couronne avec les peuples autochtones. Tandis que les démarches politiques ont abouti à la reconnaissance de formes inférieures d'autonomie gouvernementale par des gouvernements canadiens « supérieurs », les droits constitutionnels protégés des peuples autochtones ont été interprétés par la Cour suprême du Canada de la manière la plus limitée, ébranlant, par le fait même, les revendications autochtones sur la question de la souveraineté, limitant l'autonomie culturelle des peuples autochtones et empêchant la création d'économies autochtones modernes. Ainsi, on peut se poser la question suivante : les démarches globales représentent-elles de meilleurs espoirs pour les peuples autochtones et leurs aspirations? En examinant l'engagement des peuples autochtones dans des domaines touchant les mécanismes de libéralisation des échanges et les droits sur la propriété intellectuelle, les auteurs concluent que, même si l'aréna internationale et les organisations d'échange multilatéral ne cherchent certainement pas à protéger les autochtones ou leurs intérêts, ceux-ci peuvent toutefois être utilisés afin de faire avancer les aspirations politiques, sociales, culturelles et économiques des peuples autochtones.
L'appartenance aux communautés inuit du Nunavik: un cas de réception de l'ordre juridique inuit?.
Authors: Grammond Sébastien
Published: July 2014

Les Inuit du Nunavik se sont récemment vu reconnaître le pouvoir de déterminer eux-mêmes, au moyen de leurs «coutumes et traditions», qui est un Inuk pouvant bénéficier des avantages découlant de la Convention de la Baie James et du Nord québécois. Ce renvoi à l'ordre juridique autochtone apparaît d'autant plus singulier que l'État canadien cherche habituellement à garder un contrôle serré sur les règles qui régissent l'appartenance aux peuples autochtones. Dans une perspective de pluralisme juridique, le présent texte cherche à cerner les sources potentielles de ces «coutumes et traditions» inuit et à comprendre les raisons qui ont poussé l'ordre juridique canadien à renvoyer à l'ordre juridique inuit, mais aussi à faire apparaître les limites subtiles de ce renvoi.
Wives' Tales: Reflecting on Research in Bountiful.
Authors: Campbell Angela
Published: July 2014

Cet article développe des stratégies de recherche pour obtenir et consigner les récits de femmes qui vivent dans des sociétés pratiquant le mariage plural, et ceci, dans le but d'approfondir les connaissances légales et populaires sur la polygamie au Canada. Pour parvenir à cet objectif, l'article fait appel à la littérature qui explore les méthodes utilisées pour mener des recherches introspectives d'un point de vue féministe. Deux stratégies de recherche étudiées dans la littérature féministe sont considérées, notamment en référence à Bountiful, Colombie-Britannique, une communauté où le mariage plural est ouvertement pratiqué. Ces stratégies exigent de la chercheuse : (1) qu'elle écoute et ajoute foi aux récits des femmes relatant leurs expériences en tant qu'épouses polygames; et (2) qu'elle procède à une autoréflexion critique de ses propres références et a priori culturels et normatifs. Ces stratégies sont utilisées ici pour formuler une enquête proprementjuridique, qui rejette toute préférence présumée du droit étatique par rapport au « droit » culturel, tout en examinant de façon rigoureuse les arguments à propos du genre et des traditions fondées dans les normes culturelles. La mise en application de cette enquête dans l'étude de la polygamie à Bountiful devrait enrichir notre compréhension de la manière dont les femmes sont affectées par le mariage plural, ainsi que par la réponse du droit envers cette pratique, à cet endroit précis.
Screening Desire: Same-Sex-Marriage Documentaries, Citizenship, and the Law
Authors: Wray BJ
Published: July 2014

Cet article explore comment les arguments juridiques en faveur de la reconnaissance des mariages entre personnes de même sexe, aux Etats-Unis et au Canada, sont représentés dans deux documentaires récents:Tying the Knot: The Union That's Dividing America(États-Unis, 2004) etThe End of Second Class(Canada, 2006). Je m'intéresse notamment aux manières dont ces films présentent les contestations judiciaires à leurs auditoires. Comme les litiges, ces documentaires sont construits sur des stratégies représentationnelles qui ont pour but d'avoir un impact maximal sur leurs auditoires. Ainsi,Tying the KnotetThe End of SecondClass reproduisent les arguments juridiques et les stratégies de litige utilisés par les défenseurs des mariages entre personnes de même sexe. J'analyse, plus particulièrement, comment les deux films présentent ces procès à l'aide de trois thèmes récurrents: (1) les droits évoluent avec le temps; (2) les droits sont comparatifs; (3) les droits représentent des indicateurs d'une appartenance nationale. Je soutiens qu'en fonction de ces idées,Tying the KnotetThe End of Second Classréintroduisent inconsciemment certaines notions dominantes de ce que signifie avoir une appartenance nationale pleine et égale et, par conséquent, délimitent ce que veut dire être un « bon » citoyen sexuel.
Indocile Bodies: Gender Identity and Strip Searches in Canadian Criminal Law
Authors: Kirkup Kyle
Published: July 2014

Cet article se penche sur la question des sexes non normatifs et des sexualités dans le contexte du monde complexe des procédures criminelles. S'appuyant sur une lecture deForrester v. Peel (Regional Municipality) Police Services Board et al., soit une décision récente où une prisonnière transsexuelle alléguait avoir subi une discrimination en raison de son sexe, cet article fait le lien entre les fouilles à nu et un système plus large de pouvoir corporel. Les corps « trans » sont ciblés non seulement parce qu'ils sont perçus comme différents mais aussi parce que cette différence symbolise quelque chose de particulier, à savoir un échec des régimes qui réglementent les corps à partir d'une construction binaire, rigide et essentialiste du sexe. Ainsi, les corps « trans » deviennent à la fois la cible d'observations, de normalisations et d'examens non seulement de la part de la police, mais aussi de la société dans son ensemble.
Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use
Authors: Chaplin Tara M. , Visconti Kari Jeanne , Molfese Peter J. , Susman Elizabeth J. , Klein Laura Cousino , Sinha Rajita , Mayes Linda C.
Published: July 2014

Prenatal cocaine exposure may affect developing stress response systems in youth, potentially creating risk for substance use in adolescence. Further, pathways from prenatal risk to future substance use may differ for girls versus boys. The present longitudinal study examined multiple biobehavioral measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, emotion, and salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), in response to a stressor in 193 low-income 14- to 17-year-olds, half of whom were prenatally cocaine exposed (PCE). Youth's lifetime substance use was assessed with self-report, interview, and urine toxicology/breathalyzer at Time 1 and at Time 2 (6–12 months later). PCE × Gender interactions were found predicting anxiety, anger, and sadness responses to the stressor, with PCE girls showing heightened responses as compared to PCE boys on these indicators. Stress Response × Gender interactions were found predicting Time 2 substance use in youth (controlling for Time 1 use) for sAA and sadness; for girls, heightened sadness responses predicted substance use, but for boys, dampened sAA responses predicted substance use. Findings suggest distinct biobehavioral stress response risk profiles for boys and girls, with heightened arousal for girls and blunted arousal for boys associated with prenatal risk and future substance use outcomes.
Reliability study of a tunable Ka-band SIW-phase shifter based on liquid crystal in LTCC-technology
Authors: Strunck Sebastian , Gaebler Alexander , Karabey Onur H. , Heunisch Andreas , Schulz Baerbel , Rabe Torsten , Follmann Ruediger , Kassner Juergen , Koether Dietmar , Manabe Atsutaka , Jakoby Rolf
Published: July 2014

A tunable substrate-integrated waveguide phase shifter using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC)-technology is presented in this paper. By changing the effective permittivity in the liquid crystal (LC)-filled waveguide, the differential phase can be tuned continuously. This is achieved by means of an analog signal applied to the electrodes, surrounding the LC. The design allows for precise tuning of the differential phase, which is proven with a Monte Carlo measurement resulting in phase errors of less than 3° at 28 GHz. Besides that, the ambient temperature dependency of the module is shown. The phase shifter has a high integration level and can be included into a complete and lightweight single-phased array antenna module. The phase shifter is realized with a high level of integration which is available through the multilayer process of the LTCC. It has a length of 50 and provides a differential phase shift of more than 360° at 28 GHz. The figure of merit for tunable phase shifters is >40°/dB.
Do Twins Differ From Single-Born Children on Rates of Behavioral Difficulty in Early Childhood? A Study of Sibling Relationship Risk Factors
Authors: Bekkhus Mona , Staton Sally , Borge Anne I. H. , Thorpe Karen
Published: July 2014

The hypothesis that twinning raises risk for behavioral difficulties in childhood is persistent, yet there is limited and inconsistent empirical evidence. Simple mean comparison without control for confounders provides data on prevalence rates but cannot provide knowledge about risk or etiology. To assess the effect of twin relationship on behavior, comparison of patterns of association with single-born siblings may be informative. Analyses of data from an Australian sample of twins and single-born children (N = 305, mean age 4 years 9 months, and a follow-up 12 months later) were undertaken. The outcome measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Predictor and control measures were obtained from parent report on the sibling/co-twin relationship behavior, family demographics, and obstetric history. We assessed difference between twins and single-born children in two respects: (a) mean behavioral difficulties, and (b) patterns of association between sibling relationship and behavioral difficulties, controlling for confounders. Results showed no differences in mean levels of behavioral difficulties between twins and single-born siblings identifying the importance of statistical control for family and obstetric adversity. Differences in patterns of association were found; for twin children, conflict in their co-twin relationship predicted externalizing behaviors, while for single-born children conflict predicted internalizing behaviors. The findings of mean differences between twin and single-born children in social background, but not in behavioral difficulties, underscore the necessity of statistical control to identify risk associated with twinning compared with risk associated with family and obstetric background factors.
Predominant pathogen competition and core microbiota divergence in chronic airway infection
Authors: Rogers Geraint B , van der Gast Christopher J , Serisier David J
Published: July 2014

Chronic bacterial lung infections associated with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis represent a substantial and growing health-care burden. Where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the numerically dominant species within these infections, prognosis is significantly worse. However, in many individuals, Haemophilus influenzae predominates, a scenario associated with less severe disease. The mechanisms that determine which pathogen is most abundant are not known. We hypothesised that the distribution of H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa would be consistent with strong interspecific competition effects. Further, we hypothesised that where P. aeruginosa is predominant, it is associated with a distinct ‘accessory microbiota’ that reflects a significant interaction between this pathogen and the wider bacterial community. To test these hypotheses, we analysed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing data generated previously from 60 adult bronchiectasis patients, whose airway microbiota was dominated by either P. aeruginosa or H. influenzae. The relative abundances of the two dominant species in their respective groups were not significantly different, and when present in the opposite pathogen group the two species were found to be in very low abundance, if at all. These findings are consistent with strong competition effects, moving towards competitive exclusion. Ordination analysis indicated that the distribution of the core microbiota associated with each pathogen, readjusted after removal of the dominant species, was significantly divergent (analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), R=0.07, P=0.019). Taken together, these findings suggest that both interspecific competition and also direct and/or indirect interactions between the predominant species and the wider bacterial community may contribute to the predominance of P. aeruginosa in a subset of bronchiectasis lung infections.
Membrane analysis with amphiphilic carbon dots
Authors: Nandi Sukhendu , Malishev Ravit , Parambath Kootery Kaviya , Mirsky Yelena , Kolusheva Sofiya , Jelinek Raz
Published: July 2014

Amphiphilic carbon dots were synthesized and used for investigating membrane processes through fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET, and microscopy.
Synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-adjuvanting MUC1-macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 conjugate vaccine candidates
Authors: McDonald David M. , Wilkinson Brendan L. , Corcilius Leo , Thaysen-Andersen Morten , Byrne Scott N. , Payne Richard J.
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-adjuvanting cancer vaccine candidates comprising of mucin 1 (MUC1) (glyco)peptides linked to macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP2) is described.
Threaded macromolecules as a versatile framework for biomaterials
Authors: Tamura Atsushi , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: July 2014

In this feature article, the recent progress in biomaterial application of threaded macromolecules including polyrotaxanes such as drug delivery and gene delivery is described.
A molecular “screw-clamp”: accelerating click reactions in miniemulsions
Authors: Alexandrino Evandro M. , Buchold Philipp , Wagner Manfred , Fuchs Adrian , Kreyes Andreas , Weiss Clemens K. , Landfester Katharina , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: July 2014

Acceleration of a Huisgen alkyne–azide cycloaddition by the use of a miniemulsion approach was monitored by NMR techniques, demonstrating the potential of the interface to work as a “molecular screw-clamp”.
The stereoselective synthesis of α-amino aldols starting from terminal alkynes
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Hiraga Kentaro , Murakami Masahiro
Published: July 2014

A new sequential procedure for the stereoselective synthesis ofsynα-amino β-oxy ketones starting from terminal alkynes has been developed.
Directly utilizing an endogenous gene to dissect regulatory elements in the biosynthetic gene cluster of nosiheptide
Authors: Ma Min , Xue Yanjiu , Liu Weiying , Zhang Hong , Kong Lingyi , Wang Shuzhen , Chen Yijun
Published: July 2014

Coupling the deletion of an endogenous gene and a non-integrative promoter-probe vector allowed reliable identification of biosynthetic promoters of nosiheptide.
Anionic derivatives of uracil: fragmentation and reactivity
Authors: Cole Callie A. , Wang Zhe-Chen , Snow Theodore P. , Bierbaum Veronica M.
Published: July 2014

Uracil is an essential biomolecule for terrestrial life, yet its prebiotic formation mechanisms have proven elusive for decades.
Hydrophobic effects on supported ionic liquid phase Pd nanoparticle hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Luza Leandro , Gual Aitor , Rambor Camila P. , Eberhardt Dario , Teixeira Sérgio R. , Bernardi Fabiano , Baptista Daniel L. , Dupont Jairton
Published: July 2014

Decoration of hybrid silicas with Pd nanoparticles via sputtering-deposition.
Remarkable luminescence enhancement of chloroplatinum(ii) complexes of hexaethylene glycol methyl ether substituted 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine in water triggered by PF6−
Authors: Liang Jianjun , Zheng Xiaorui , He Lipeng , Huang Huanting , Bu Weifeng
Published: July 2014

Upon addition of hexafluorophosphate salts, the nonemissive aqueous solution of a chloroplatinum(ii) complex showed a remarkable luminescence enhancement.
Effect of small quantities of oxygen in a neon glow discharge
Authors: Mushtaq Sohail , Steers Edward B. M. , Pickering Juliet C. , Weinstein Viktoria
Published: July 2014

The effects of small quantities of oxygen in neon glow discharges are discussed to complement previous work using argon and thus give a fuller understanding of discharge processes.
Enhancement of analyte atomic lines with excitation energies of about 5 eV in the presence of molecular gases in analytical glow discharges
Authors: Mushtaq Sohail , Steers Edward B. M. , Pickering Juliet C. , Šmid Petr
Published: July 2014

Small amounts of hydrogen or oxygen in either argon or neon plasmas cause previously unexplained enhanced excitation of various analyte atomic lines with upper energies close to 5 eV.
Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of Sm(OH)3 nanorods
Authors: Dan Wang , Jianfeng Huang , Lixiong Yin , Haibo Ouyang , Jiayin Li , Jianpeng Wu
Published: July 2014

Samarium hydroxide (Sm(OH)3) nanorods with enhanced photocatalytic activity to degrade RhB were prepared by a facile precipitation method.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Ni3S2/graphene electrode and its application in a supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Xuejun , Qi Xiang , Huang Zongyu , Ren Long , Zhong Jianxin
Published: July 2014

The preparation of a nickel sulfide/graphene nanocomposite electrode via a hydrothermal process.
Controllable fabrication of one-dimensional ZnO nanoarrays and their application in constructing silver trap structures
Authors: Bao Yan , Zhang Yonghui , Ma Jianzhong , Zhao Yanru , Wu Duoduo
Published: July 2014

1-D ZnO NAs with controllable density and diameter have successfully been synthesized and found potential applications in silver trap construction.
Cubic Pm3n supermicroporous silicas and aluminosilicates templated by short-chain alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants
Authors: Fu Wen Hua , Wu Sai Jin , Wang Yi Meng , He Ming Yuan
Published: July 2014

Highly ordered cubic Pm3n silicas and aluminosilicates were prepared using alkyltrimethylammonium bromide with C10 and C12 carbon chains as templates.
Thickness dependence of the piezoresistive effect in p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC nanothin films
Authors: Phan Hoang-Phuong , Dao Dzung Viet , Tanner Philip , Han Jisheng , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Dimitrijev Sima , Walker Glenn , Wang Li , Zhu Yong
Published: July 2014

The influence of crystal defects on the gauge factor of p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC thin films is reported.
Addressing Patients' Psychosocial Concerns Regarding Hearing Aids Within Audiology Appointments for Older Adults
Authors: Ekberg Katie , Grenness Caitlin , Hickson Louise
Published: July 2014

Purpose

It has long been documented that patients may experience emotional reactions to a diagnosis of hearing impairment and recommendation of hearing aids. Because of this, patients may raise psychosocial concerns regarding their hearing rehabilitation during audiology appointments, particularly in relation to getting hearing aids. However, thus far there has been little systematic research exploring how patients' concerns about hearing aids are addressed by audiologists within appointments.

Method

This study used conversation analysis to examine a corpus of 63 video-recorded initial audiology appointments with older adults with hearing impairment.

Results

The findings demonstrated that when patients expressed concerns regarding hearing aids, these concerns were typically psychosocial in nature and expressed in a way that carried a negative emotional stance. These types of turns thus invited an empathic response. However, patients' concerns were not typically addressed by audiologists during the appointment. As a consequence, patients persistently re-raised their concerns in subsequent turns, leading to expanded sequences of interaction during the management phase of the appointment.

Conclusions

Older adults' psychosocial concerns regarding hearing aids may not always be sufficiently addressed within audiology appointments. A greater emphasis on emotionally focused communication within audiology could result in improved outcomes from hearing health care services.
Performance evaluation of digital pulse position modulation for wavelength division multiplexing FSO systems impaired by interchannel crosstalk
Authors: Mbah Afamefuna M. , Walker John G. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: July 2014

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been proposed for fibre, intersatellite, free space and indoor optical communication systems. Digital pulse position modulation (DPPM) is a more power efficient modulation format than on–off keying (OOK) and a strong contender for the modulation of free‐space systems. Although DPPM obtains this advantage in exchange for a bandwidth expansion, WDM systems using it are still potentially attractive, particularly for moderate coding levels. However, WDM systems are susceptible to interchannel crosstalk and modelling this in a WDM DPPM system is necessary. Models of varying complexity, based on simplifying assumptions, are presented and evaluated for the case of a single crosstalk wavelength. For a single crosstalk, results can be straightforwardly obtained by artificially imposing the computationally convenient constraint that frames (and thus slots also) align. Multiple crosstalk effects are additionally investigated, for the most practically relevant cases of modest coding level, and using both simulation and analytical methods. In general, DPPM maintains its sensitivity advantage over OOK even in the presence of crosstalk while predicting lower power penalty at low coding level in WDM systems.
Novel technique for lateral high‐voltage totem‐pole power devices
Authors: Kong Moufu , Chen Xingbi
Published: July 2014

A novel technique and related structure for a high‐voltage integrated circuit (IC) with totem‐pole high‐voltage devices are proposed. In this technique, a low control voltage with respect to the tub is used to drive the high‐side device in the totem pole through a low‐voltage tub circuit, as well as through very small low‐side device to drive a low‐voltage ground circuit, which in turn drives the low‐side device in the totem pole. Therefore, the high‐voltage level‐shifting circuit can be replaced by the tub circuit which takes only a very small area and has no parasitic effects in comparison with that in the conventional totem‐pole high‐voltage IC. The structure of low‐voltage power supplies for low‐voltage ICs is also proposed. The results of numerical simulation verify the applicability of the proposed structure.
Large‐scale fabrication and the optical properties of tower‐like zinc oxide structures
Authors: Zhang Siwen , Yin Bosi , Jiao Yang , Liu Yang , Qu Fengyu , Wu Xiang
Published: July 2014

Large‐scale uniform ZnO nanotowers on silicon substrate have been prepared by the thermal evaporation method at 950°C using Au as the catalyst. The morphology and microstructure of the as‐synthesised ZnO nanotowers were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the as‐synthesised ZnO nanotowers shows a strong ultraviolet emission peak at 380 nm and a weak green emission at 540 nm, revealing that there are a few deep‐level defects in the single ZnO structure. The growth mechanism of the as‐synthesised ZnO structures is also discussed.
Vertically stratified two-phase flow in a curved channel: Insights from a domain perturbation analysis
Authors: Garg P. , Picardo J. R. , Pushpavanam S.
Published: July 2014

In this work, we investigate the fully developed flow field of two vertically stratified fluids (one phase flowing above the other) in a curved channel of rectangular cross section. The domain perturbation technique is applied to obtain an analytical solution in the asymptotic limit of low Reynolds numbers and small curvature ratios (the ratio of the width of the channel to its radius of curvature). The accuracy of this solution is verified by comparison with numerical simulations of the nonlinear equations. The flow is characterized by helical vortices within each fluid, which are driven by centrifugal forces. The number of vortices and their direction of circulation varies with the parameters of the system (the volume fraction, viscosity ratio, and Reynolds numbers). We identify nine distinct flow patterns and organize the parameter space into corresponding flow regimes. We show that the fully developed interface between the fluids is not horizontal, in general, but is deformed by normal stresses associated with the circulatory flow. The results are especially significant for flows in microchannels, where the Reynolds numbers are small. The mathematical results in this paper include an analytical solution to two coupled biharmonic partial differential equations; these equations arise in two-phase, two-dimensional Stokes flows.
Nonstatistical dynamics on the caldera
Authors: Collins Peter , Kramer Zeb C. , Carpenter Barry K. , Ezra Gregory S. , Wiggins Stephen
Published: July 2014

We explore both classical and quantum dynamics of a model potential exhibiting a caldera: that is, a shallow potential well with two pairs of symmetry related index one saddles associated with entrance/exit channels. Classical trajectory simulations at several different energies confirm the existence of the “dynamical matching” phenomenon originally proposed by Carpenter, where the momentum direction associated with an incoming trajectory initiated at a high energy saddle point determines to a considerable extent the outcome of the reaction (passage through the diametrically opposing exit channel). By studying a “stretched” version of the caldera model, we have uncovered a generalized dynamical matching: bundles of trajectories can reflect off a hard potential wall so as to end up exiting predominantly through the transition state opposite the reflection point. We also investigate the effects of dissipation on the classical dynamics. In addition to classical trajectory studies, we examine the dynamics of quantum wave packets on the caldera potential (stretched and unstretched). These computations reveal a quantum mechanical analogue of the “dynamical matching” phenomenon, where the initial expectation value of the momentum direction for the wave packet determines the exit channel through which most of the probability density passes to product.
General effective medium formulation for thermal analysis of a polycrystal—The influence of partially specular phonon transmission across grain boundaries
Authors: Hao Qing
Published: July 2014

In this work, we extend the previous effective medium formulation on phonon transport within a polycrystal to more general cases by further considering partially specular phonon transmission across grain boundaries, in addition to the diffuse grain-boundary scattering of phonons. Such specular phonon transmission normally becomes important at cryogenic temperatures to facilitate the grain-boundary phonon transport, whereas the diffuse scattering is dominant above room temperature. This extension enables accurate thermal analysis of a polycrystal over the full temperature range. The new formulation yields identical results as phonon Monte Carlo simulations considering frequency-dependent phonon mean free paths. Literature data of different polycrystals are analyzed with this simple but accurate formulation. At low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity highly depends on the employed frequency-dependent phonon specularity of grain boundaries.
Effects of structural and chemical anisotropy of nanostructures on droplet spreading on a two dimensional wicking surface
Authors: Lai Chang Quan , Mai Trong Thi , Zheng H. , Zheng Wen , Lee P. S. , Leong K. C. , Lee Chengkuo , Choi W. K.
Published: July 2014

When a liquid droplet is deposited onto an array of nanostructures, a situation may arise in which the liquid wicks into the space between the nanostructures surrounding the droplet, forming a thin film that advances ahead of the droplet edge. This causes the droplet to effectively spread on a flat, composite surface that is made up of the top of the nanostructures and the wicking film. In this study, we examined the effects of structural and chemical anisotropy of the nanostructures on the dynamics of droplet spreading on such two-dimensional (2D) wicking surfaces. Our results show that there are two distinct regimes to the process, with the first regime characterized by strong anisotropy in the droplet spreading, following the asymmetric structural or chemical cues provided by the nanostructures. The trend reverses in the second regime, however, as the droplet adopts an increasingly isotropic shape with which it eventually comes to rest. Based on these findings, we formulated a quantitative model that accurately describes the behaviour of droplet spreading on 2D wicking surfaces over a wide range of conditions.
Perfect coupling of light to a periodic dielectric/metal/dielectric structure
Authors: Wang Zhengling , Li Shiqiang , Chang R. P. H. , Ketterson John B.
Published: July 2014

Using the finite difference time domain method, it is demonstrated that perfect coupling can be achieved between normally incident light and a periodic dielectric/metal/dielectric structure. The structure serves as a diffraction grating that excites modes related to the long range surface plasmon and short range surface plasmon modes that propagate on continuous metallic films. By optimizing the structural dimensions, perfect coupling is achieved between the incident light and these modes. A high Q of 697 and an accompanying ultrasharp linewidth of 0.8 nm are predicted for a 10 nm silver film for optimal conditions.
Random lasing action in a polydimethylsiloxane wrinkle induced disordered structure
Authors: Shen Zhenhua , Wu Leilei , Zhu Shu , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a chip-scale random lasing action utilizing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkles with random periods as disordered medium. Nanoscale wrinkles with long range disorder structures are formed on the oxidized surface of a PDMS slab and confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Light multiply scattered at each PDMS wrinkle-dye interfaces is optically amplified in the presence of pump gain. The shift of laser emission wavelength when pumping at different regions indicates the randomness of the winkle period. In addition, a relatively low threshold of about 27 μJ/mm2 is realized, which is comparable with traditional optofluidic dye laser. This is due to the unique sinusoidal Bragg-grating-like random structure. Contrast to conventional microfluidic dye laser that inevitably requires the accurate design and implementation of microcavity to provide optical feedback, the convenience in both fabrication and operation makes PDMS wrinkle based random laser a promising underlying element in lab-on-a-chip systems and integrated microfluidic networks.
Picosecond dynamics of a silicon donor based terahertz detector device
Authors: Bowyer Ellis T. , Villis B. J. , Li Juerong , Litvinenko K. L. , Murdin B. N. , Erfani Morteza , Matmon Guy , Aeppli Gabriel , Ortega Jean-Michel , Prazeres Rui , Dong Li , Yu Xiaomei
Published: July 2014

We report the characteristics of a simple complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible terahertz detector device with low response time (nanoseconds) determined using a short-pulse, high intensity free-electron laser. The noise equivalent power was 1 × 10−11 W Hz−1/2. The detector has an enhanced response over narrow bands, most notably at 9.5 THz, with a continuum response at higher frequencies. Using such a device, the dynamics of donors in silicon can be explored, a system which has great potential for quantum information processing.
Nonlinear transport in nanoscale phase separated colossal magnetoresistive oxide thin films
Authors: Singh V. R. , Zhang L. , Rajapitamahuni A. K. , Devries N. , Hong X.
Published: July 2014

We report a study of the I-V characteristics of 2.5–5.4 nm epitaxial La1−xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.33 and 0.5) and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films. While La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films exhibit linear conduction over the entire temperature and magnetic field ranges investigated, we observe a strong correlation between the linearity of the I-V relation and the metal-insulator transition in highly phase separated La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films. Linear I-V behavior has been observed in the high temperature paramagnetic insulating phase, and an additional current term proportional to Vα (α = 1.5–2.8) starts to develop below the metal-insulator transition temperature TMI, with the onset temperature of the nonlinearity increasing in magnetic field as TMI increases. The exponent α increases with decreasing temperature and increasing magnetic field and is significantly enhanced in ultrathin films with thicknesses close to that of the electrically dead layer. We attribute the origin of the nonlinearity to transport through the nanoscale coexisting metallic and insulating regions. Our results suggest that phase separation is not fully quenched even at low temperatures and high magnetic fields.
Cloaking of an acoustic sensor using scattering cancellation
Authors: Guild Matthew D. , Alù Andrea , Haberman Michael R.
Published: July 2014

In this Letter, a bilaminate acoustic cloak designed using scattering cancellation methods is applied to the case of an acoustic sensor consisting of a hollow piezoelectric shell with mechanical absorption. The bilaminate cloak provides 20–50 dB reduction in scattering strength relative to the uncloaked configuration over the typical range of operation for an acoustic sensor, retains its ability to sensing acoustic pressure signals, and remains within the physical bounds of a passive absorber. Further, the cloak is shown to increase the range of frequencies over which there is nearly perfect phase fidelity between the acoustic signal and the voltage generated by the sensor. The feasibility of achieving the necessary fluid layer properties is demonstrated using sonic crystals with the use of readily available acoustic materials.
The distributional consequences of future flood risk management in England and Wales
Authors: Penning-Rowsell Edmund , Pardoe Joanna
Published: July 2014

Much flood risk management (FRM) research has examined the predicted increased burden of risk from future climate change. In contrast, this paper examines the changing funding regime for FRM and arrangements for flood insurance in the UK today. These changes, after the 1998–2013 period of severe and repeated flooding, may considerably increase the burden for at-risk households, but affect different groups differently, raising the question as to how to manage the risk and who should pay for this risk management. We explore this through scenarios incorporating modelled changes both to government investment to reduce risk and to flood insurance. The key findings are that moving towards a more risk-based approach could move the burden hugely, particularly onto financially deprived at-risk households, such that both investment and insurance could be unaffordable or unavailable. As insurance becomes more risk based, deprived households are less likely to purchase cover, but higher costs might incentivise those at risk to adapt to the risk they face. In the end, society has to decide whether to promote more substantial incentives discouraging occupation of the floodplain, with the likely adverse consequences for those there who are financially deprived, or retain the current discouragement of self-help.
Feltman: evaluating the acceptability of a diabetes education tool for Aboriginal health workers
Authors: Browne Jennifer , D'Amico Emily , Thorpe Sharon , Mitchell Colin
Published: July 2014

There is an urgent need to address the lack of Aboriginal-specific diabetes prevention and management resources. Following consultation with Victorian Aboriginal health workers, the Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation and Diabetes Australia – Victoria developed ‘Feltman’, a life-sized felt body showing the main organs involved in the digestion and metabolism of food, and the main parts of the body affected by diabetes. Feltman was distributed to all Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and an additional 32 Victorian organisations. In total, 276 people from 57 organisations were trained to use Feltman. An online evaluation survey was developed and sent to all people who were trained to use Feltman in Victoria. Sixty-six people completed the survey. All respondents agreed Feltman was an appropriate tool for the Aboriginal community, 89% of health workers felt more confident in their ability to discuss diabetes with their community but would like further training to maintain skills and confidence and 70% of workers had used Feltman with the community. Qualitative feedback noted its strength as a highly visual resource that was popular with the Aboriginal community. Workers reported that Feltman was a highly acceptable diabetes education resource, which they believed had increased knowledge and improved the management of diabetes among clients.
Fire patterns in north Australian savannas: extending the reach of incentives for savanna fire emissions abatement
Authors: Whitehead Peter J. , Russell-Smith Jeremy , Yates Cameron
Published: July 2014

Anthropogenic fires in Australia’s fire-prone savannas produce up to 3% of the nation’s accountable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Incentives to improve fire management have been created by a nationally accredited savanna burning emissions abatement methodology applying to 483 000 km2 of relatively high-rainfall (>1000 mm p.a.) regions. Drawing on 15 years of fire mapping, this paper assesses appropriate biophysical boundaries for a savanna burning methodology extended to cover lower-rainfall regions. We examine a large random sample of points with at least 300 mm of annual rainfall, to show that: (a) relative fire frequencies (percentage of years with fire) decline from 33.3% in higher-rainfall regions (>1000 mm) to straddling ~10% in the range 300–700 mm; (b) there are no marked discontinuities in fire frequency or fire seasonality down the rainfall gradient; (c) at all annual rainfalls, fire frequency is higher when rainfall is more strongly seasonal (very low rainfall in the driest quarter); (d) below 500 mm fire regimes are particularly variable and a large proportion of sampled sites had no fire over the study period; (e) fire is more likely to occur later in the fire season (generating relatively higher emissions) in the 600–700-mm annual rainfall band than in other parts of the rainfall gradient; (f) woodland savannas are most common above and predominantly grassland systems are more common below ~600-mm annual rainfall. We propose that development of a complementary lower-rainfall savanna burning methodology apply to regions between 600 and 1000-mm annual rainfall and ≤15 mm of rainfall in the driest quarter, adding an area more than 1.5 times the existing methodology’s coverage. Given greater variability in biophysical influences on fire regimes and observed levels of fire frequency within this lower-rainfall domain, we suggest that criteria for determining baseline (pre-project) periods require estimates of mean annual emissions equivalent in precision to the project on which the higher-rainfall methodology was based.
Chapter 1. Left Dislocation phenomena in Old Spanish
Authors: Bouzouita Miriam
Published: July 2014

It is common in the synchronic literature on Modern Spanish to distinguish so-called Hanging Topic Left Dislocations from Clitic Left Dislocations on the basis of syntactic properties such as the category of the left-dislocate, island sensitivity, the distribution of these structures etc. This paper scrutinizes the posited syntactic properties of these Left Dislocations for Old Spanish in comparison to Modern Spanish. It is demonstrated that Left Dislocations in Old Spanish differ considerably from the Modern Spanish ones, for example in their sensitivity to syntactic islands. The distinction between Hanging Topic Left Dislocations and Clitic Left Dislocations becomes thus difficult to uphold for Old Spanish given the current criteria.