bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internamentos por asma em pacientes pediátricos no Estado de Sergipe: Análise de banco de dados governamentais extraídos da plataforma DATASUS e repercussão socioeconômica
Authors: Ribeiro Marisa Couto , Soares Ana Celia Goes Melo
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Analisar dados oficiais sobre os internamentos por asma em pacientes pediátricos no Estado de Sergipe no período entre o ano de 2010 a janeiro de 2022 com o propósito de detalhar tanto o perfil de atendimento como também, os impactos envolvidos dentro do contexto socioeconômico além de permitir uma visão comparativa entre os demais estados da Região Nordeste. Métodos: O presente estudo consiste numa analise retrospectiva, longitudinal, descritiva e quantitativa a partir de dados extraídos da plataforma governamental brasileira DataSUS, cujas variáveis abordadas incluem os internamentos por asma, óbitos, sexo e faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos. Resultados: No intervalo de tempo estudado, foram observados 11.540 casos de internamento de pacientes pediátricos por asma no Estado de Sergipe. O perfil de pacientes hospitalizados que apresenta faixa etária com maior índice de internamento foi de 1 a 4 anos atingindo 5.836 que representa em torno de 50% do total de casos. O registro de óbitos revela um valor 189 em toda a Região Nordeste e o Estado de Sergipe é responsável por 11 óbitos. O maior número de óbitos foi constatado nos Estados da Bahia e Pernambuco. Conclusão: Apesar do comportamento de redução progressiva ser observado em todo território brasileiro, a Região Nordeste ainda concentra o maior número de internamentos provocados por asma mesmo com a existência de terapia adequada.
Novas possibilidades farmacológicas para o tratamento da esquizofrenia: uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Andrade Natália Paniágua de , Mota Ana Luísa , Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Andrade João Pedro Bicalho Borges de , Lima Maria Fernanda Londe de , Nogueira Núbia Santos , Lima Paula Marynella Alves Pereira
Published: June 2022

Introdução: em pessoas acometidas pela esquizofrenia quase metade dos pacientes que fazem o uso correto da medicação ainda sofrem com as manifestações da doença, já que os antipsicóticos atualmente disponíveis no mercado apenas amenizam a apresentação e a recorrência da maioria dos sintomas, mas não de todos eles. Objetivo: observar as pesquisas brasileiras no que permeia o desenvolvimento farmacológico do país que é de extrema relevância para a população como um todo. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Scholar e EBSCO Information Services, nos meses de março e abril de 2022. Resultados e discussão: são vários os efeitos dos antipsicóticos nas diferentes fases da esquizofrenia, e este grupo de fármacos reduz os sintomas psicóticos para além de melhorar o humor e reduzir distúrbios de sono. Eles se dividem em dois grupos: os típicos e os atípicos – diferenciam-se de acordo com a ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Estão entre eles o ácido ascórbico, Erythrina velutina, ácido alfa-lipóico, beta-cariofileno, Palmitato de Paliperidona, Aripiprazol, lumateperona, canabidiol. Considerações finais: nos estudos em animais, a suplementação de ácido ascórbico foi eficaz na prevenção de danos oxidativos e da perda sensório motor e o beta-cariofileno apresentou efeito antipsicótico e reverteu as alterações comportamentais; é de interesse que se faça estudos em humanos a fim de averiguar se esses efeitos podem ser reproduzidos em pessoas. O ácido alfa- lipóico pode ser usado como terapia adjuvante aos antipsicóticos atípicos causando redução de sintomas negativos e agitação psicomotora e melhora das funções cognitivas. O aripiprazol é uma boa alternativa para pacientes obesos ou com distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, é de maior custo financeiro. A lumateperona é uma opção ao tratamento abrangente da esquizofrenia.
Polifarmácia na saúde dos idosos: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Castro Nayara Francielle de , Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Vieira Gabrielly Gonçalves , Nogueira Júlia Fernandes , Lima Laura Rodrigues , Queiroz Lucas Goulart de , Tolentino Vanessa Pereira
Published: June 2022

Introdução:  Em idosos acometidos de multimorbidades, o uso de polifármacos demonstrou complicações de grande relevância. Os idosos que fazem uso de em média cinco fármacos, podem aumentar os riscos de má nutrição, pneumonia, hipoglicemia, redução de mobilidade, fraturas, hospitalizações em geral e internações com longos prazos de permanência. Objetivo: Apresentar evidências científicas disponíveis até o presente, que trazem associação entre o uso de vários medicamentos e o agravamento na saúde de idosos com doenças crônicas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, realizada nos meses de março e abril de 2022, nas seguintes bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e EBSCO Information Services. Resultado e discussão: A polimedicação tem se tornado um hábito e com isso um embate crescente na experiência clínica, afetando os idosos por serem mais sucestíveis a doenças crônicas. Dentre as enfermidades encontradas, as mais comuns foram: câncer, doenças neuropsíquicas, diabetes mellitus, insuficiência renal e doenças cardiovasculares. Além da idade avançada, existe outros fatores influentes nessa problemática como o acesso fácil a medicação e a falta de informação. Considerações finais: Apesar do processo de envelhecimento natural trazer vulnerabilidades na saúde do idoso, a prescrição de medicamentos com efeitos prejudiciais quando usados simultaneamente, iatrogenia medicamentosa, também geram reações adversas. No entanto, isso pode ser evitado, com base na divulgação de estudos sobre a senescência e a senilidade e o uso responsável de fármacos.
The effectiveness of station market development on state land managed by pt. Kereta api Indonesia
Authors: Virgansa Andrean Nucky , Karjoko Lego , Purwadi Hari
Published: June 2022

The land used for the construction of the railway infrastructure is state land under the management control of the Indonesian Railways Company or known as P.T. Kereta Api Indonesia (PT. KAI). If the land is not used based on its function, the government will take over to manage the land for development. The effectiveness of this development will have a positive impact in the future, which is better than before. An important issue, in this case, is related to the construction of a station market by the Regency Governments on state land managed by PT. KAI and creates discrepancies with the tenants as third parties. This study used the legal research method to analyze the problems with the black letter law paradigm. Data collection techniques in this study used library research by collecting legal materials. Legal materials were analyzed deductively using interpretation methods (hermeneutics). The results found that it is possible to take legal actions by transferring the fixed assets of PT. KAI in the form of land to the Ponorogo Regency Government. The legal action can later be made based on the agreement between the tenants as a third party, PT. KAI, and the Ponorogo Regency Government. The effectiveness of the construction of the station market can be achieved with the support of all parties, especially the management of the market and merchants as actors in economic activities in the market.
COVID-19 e burnout: como estão os profissionais de terapia intensiva?
Authors: Ferreira Rossana Karla Gois , Dias Milena Lins da Cunha
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: apontar os aspectos do Burnout em profissionais de Terapia Intensiva durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, elaborada conforme instruções do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).  A seleção e amostra deu-se por meio das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e à Biblioteca Nacional em Medicina (PubMed) e foram utilizados para a busca os seguintes descritores: “burnout”, “intensive care” e “COVID 19. Resultados e Discussão: 7 estudos compuseram esse artigo e seus achados mostram a elevada prevalência de Burnout em todas as suas dimensões com alto risco em profissionais de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) comparados aos que não trabalham nesse setor, a situação preocupante para o bem-estar dos profissionais empregados nas UTIs com consequente barreira assistencial aos pacientes e até mesmo o desejo forte desses profissionais em deixar a área de saúde. Considerações Finais: A sobrecarga e esgotamento diante de uma pandemia nunca vivenciada veio atrelada à mudança repentina no trabalho de muitos profissionais de saúde e observou-se a necessidade de uma maior atenção a esses profissionais, incluindo prevenção e planejamento de medidas que possam minimizar ou eliminar o aparecimento do Burnout em trabalhadores de Terapia Intensiva.
Análise da dinâmica temporal do uso e ocupação do solo no município de Conceição do Araguaia-PA (1985-2020)
Authors: Arraz Rafael Miranda , Marques Elineide Eugênio , Ribeiro Lucas da Silva
Published: June 2022

Com as necessidades humanas de consumo consequentemente se altera o meio ambiente em sua configuração natural das paisagens ao longo dos anos, podendo ser refletidas e caracterizadas nas formas de uso e ocupação do solo. Nesse sentido, as ações antrópicas no meio ambiente estão no centro dos problemas socioambientais. Na Amazônia Brasileira e na região do município de Conceição do Araguaia – Pará, o processo de uso e ocupação do solo sofre grande influência de práticas do agronegócio que ao longo dos últimos trinta e cinco anos cresceu significativamente. Com o intuito de avaliar a influência destas práticas na configuração multitemporal das paisagens, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica temporal do uso e ocupação do solo no município de Conceição do Araguaia-PA, no período de 1985 à 2020, através do levantamento de dados da plataforma Mapbiomas, que utiliza técnicas de Sensoriamento remoto para produzir mapas de uso e ocupação do solo através do processamento digital de imagens dos satélites. Assim, foram identificadas 4 classes de uso e ocupação, sendo a vegetação nativa, além das classes da agropecuária, de outros usos e de corpos d’água. Os resultados mostraram um aumento na classe da agropecuária entorno de (40%) com uma consequente redução de área de vegetação nativa do território de (40%), manteve-se uma estabilidade na classe de outros usos e uma considerada redução nos corpos d’água de (15 km ²). Com a constatação do desmatamento do município avaliado, as atividades agropastoris seria a principal causa dessa perca florestal.
Análise do potencial brasileiro para a geração de eletricidade a partir das fontes de energia solar fotovoltaica e o biogás no contexto da geração distribuída
Authors: Weirich Cintia Sabrina , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Nadaleti Willian Cezar
Published: June 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o cenário atual das fontes de energia solar e do biogás no Brasil, analisando o potencial dessas fontes para a geração de energia elétrica conectada à rede, na chamada geração distribuída. Esse tema é relevante especialmente porque, a partir de 2012, com a Resolução Normativa 482 da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), inseriu-se no mercado a possibilidade de geração de créditos de energia, que são injetados na rede da concessionária e, posteriormente, compensados pelo consumidor. Com o aumento geração distribuída, está prevista uma alteração da resolução normativa, acarretando a necessidade de maiores cálculos de viabilidade econômica dos empreendimentos. A ANEEL propôs cinco alternativas possíveis para alteração da compensação dos créditos gerados, onde as alternativas 4 e 5 inviabilizariam os investimentos em geração distribuída. Já o Anteprojeto de Lei n° 2, de 2019, projeta um cenário menos pessimista para o futuro da geração distribuída, que não inviabilizará os investimentos e continuará mantendo o mercado em expansão.
“REVOLUÇÕES COLORIDAS”: “gritos” para as câmeras, hashtag alegria alegria, das “sombras” golpeamos a democracia
Authors: Fernandes Roberto Mauro da Silva
Published: June 2022

A partir dos anos 2000 uma série de manifestações em massa foram registradas Leste europeu, na Ásia central, norte da África e América Latina, a esses movimentos foram creditadas as alterações de governo que ocorreram nestas regiões. Estes grandes protestos ficaram conhecidos como “revolução colorida”. De acordo com a imprensa tradicional tais ações foram protagonizadas por diferentes segmentos sociais que estavam descontentes com seus governos, bem com, protestavam contra ditaduras. No entanto, há indícios de que as “revoluções coloridas” são ferramentas geopolíticas que fazem uso do sistema democrático para alterar governos. Logo, o objetivo desta discussão refletir sobre aspectos da infraestrutura que dá condições para que as “revoluções coloridas” possam ser preparadas e depois executadas, vamos demonstrar como alguns atores se movimentam na “superfície” e nas “sombras” da rede internacional que opera as “revoluções coloridas”. Para tal, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como, no apoiamos teoricamente na teoria da Guerra Híbrida.
A ação rescisória como causa interruptiva da prescrição
Authors: Santos Achibaldo Nunes dos , Gomes Junior Luiz Manoel , Chueiri Miriam Fecchio
Published: June 2022

No Estado Constitucional, Direito e sociedade convivem, basicamente, em razão da expectativa de harmonia social que o primeiro (o Direito) é capaz de proporcionar ao segundo (sociedade), conforme os valores sociais em voga e normas jurídicas positivadas, igualmente responsáveis pela garantia da segurança jurídica. Um dos institutos aptos a proporcionar segurança ante os conflitos sociais é o caráter definitivo ostentado pela figura jurídico-processual da coisa julgada, tendo em vista a verificação, em dado momento, da imutabilidade ou indiscutibilidade do conteúdo decisório da sentença, conquanto os respectivos efeitos, em princípio, sejam modificáveis pela vontade das partes, ressalvadas, sempre, as hipóteses legais de direito indisponível. Ademais, embora tenha a finalidade de desconstituir a decisão de mérito, a ação rescisória também é influenciada pelo fator tempo em razão da mesma necessidade de segurança jurídica aplicável às relações processuais, notadamente ante o instituto da prescrição. Desta maneira, com fundamento em revisão de bibliografia processual especializada, neste trabalho, analisou-se as razões jurisprudenciais pelas quais se aborda a ação rescisória enquanto causa de interrupção da prescrição, cujos efeitos retroagem à data da propositura da demanda originária.
Segurança do paciente pediátrico no uso de medicamentos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Evangelista Brenda Pinheiro , Evangelista Breno Pinheiro , Queiroz Francisco Edjane de Lima , Santos Ana Vilhena Araujo dos , Barbosa Kamilla de Aquino , Souza Maria Erica Araujo de , Nascimento Maria Aparecida Oliveira do , Rolim Edlane Vieira Pessoa , Oliveira Bruna Carolina Pessoa de , Silva Ecarolina Leopoldina da , Mendes Antônio Wlysses Victor , Freitas Maria Micaely de Souza , Nascimento Mikaely Marques de Souza , Oliveira Vitória Lorranny Marques de , Ferreira Afonso Batista , Castro Ana Beatriz Albuquerque , Costa Shirley Cavalcante da
Published: June 2022

O estudo tem por objetivo geral, analisar por meio da literatura os principais aspectos segurança do paciente pediátrico no uso de medicamentos na UTI. O estudo foi realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica. Quanto à abordagem, é classificada como qualitativa. A segurança do paciente na UTI pediátrica relacionada a administração de medicamentos, também contempla condutas de prevenção e controle de infecções, através da lavagem de mãos antes e depois da realização dos procedimentos. Além disso, destaca-se que a equipe de enfermagem ao administrar os medicamentos deve considerar os protocolos institucionais de segurança para prevenir eventos adversos. Percebe-se que a segurança do paciente é de suma importância para a assistência ao paciente, junto à equipe multiprofissional em saúde, onde esse profissional promove a segurança do paciente e a efetivação da farmacoterapia através da identificação, resolutividade e prevenção de problemas que estão relacionados aos medicamentos administrados.
Biochemical characterization and synergistic effects of plant growth promoting
rhizobacteria against Fusarium oxysporum in pigeonpea, (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Bala Saroj , Khanna Veena
Published: June 2022

Soil management today is dominated by toxic chemical fertilizers that pose a serious health and environmental risk. Beneficial soil microbes play a promising role in sustainable agriculture when used as biofertilizers. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an ancient protein-rich leguminous pulse in India. Twelve different locations in Punjab (India) provided rhizospheric soil samples and the growth rates of 35 isolates were assessed at various temperatures. To identify potential plant growthpromoting traits with antifungal properties, morphological and biochemical characterization were carried out. Compared to
uninoculated pigeonpea seeds, inoculated seeds with rhizoisolates showed a significant increase in growth parameters in greenhouse pot conditions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are a good way to increase crop yields while also controlling disease outbreaks.
Studies on blood volume in a teleostean fish, Mystus bleekeri in relation to body weight
in summer and winter seasons
Authors: Garain Akash , Mistry Rajendra
Published: June 2022

The total blood volume, relative (%) blood volume and haematocrit value of Mystus bleekeri of six different weight groups ranging from 24 to 76 grams were studied in winter and summer months at water temperatures of 18°C and 28°C. The total blood volume at both temperatures increased from lower to higher weight groups. The correlation coefficient between total blood volume and body weight were 0.8587 at 18°C and 0.9946 at 28°C. Total blood volume in all weight groups was greater at the higher temperatures and most results were statistically significant. The relative blood volume and haematocrit decreased from lower to higher groups at both temperatures.
Protective efficacy of Tephrosia purpurea against Aflatoxin B1 induced oxidative damage
in rats
Authors: Gupte Shamli S. , Rathour Arti , Shrivastava Sadhana , Shukla Sangeeta
Published: June 2022

Tephrosia purpurea (TP), commonly known as wild indigo, has a unique quality of healing all kinds of wounds and it is also an important ingredient of many Ayurvedic formulations. Thus, the present investigation was designed to validate and evaluate protective efficacy of ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced renal dysfunction. The ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method. For present study female rats (Wistar strain) were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 animals in each group. The entire regime was of 28 days. AFB1 was administered at 200 µg/kg dose and TP was administered at three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). 24 hours after last treatment the animals were euthanised various biochemical test were performed. AFB1 exposure significantly elevated uric acid, urea, creatinine in serum and lipid peroxidation in renal tissue indicating cellular damage. On the other hand, decline in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione suggests exhaustion of endogenous defence system. Treatment with TP extract offers protection at all the three doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Although, maximum recovery was seen with 300 mg/kg dose of TP.
Yield of paddy influenced by weed control methods
Authors: Anand Rajnish , Kumari Sima , Sreedevi B.
Published: June 2022

The experiment was conducted at Chhotakipona village, Chitarpur Block, Ramgarh, Jharkhand during kharif season. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design with 9 weed control methods T1- Weedy check, T2- Pretilachlore @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as pre-emergence, T3- Pretilachlore@0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gm a.i. ha-1, T4- Pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha + 2, 4-D @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS, T5- Pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + Bispyribac Na @ 25 gm a.i. ha-1, T6- Bispyribac Na @ 25 gm a.i. ha-1 as post-emergence at 20 DAS, T7- Hand weeding at 20 DAS + Hoeing at 40 DAS, T8- Two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS and T9- weed free and replicated 3 times. Application of IWM (Integrated weed management) in paddy Pretilachlore@0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gm a.i. ha-1 recorded maximum yield attributes resulting higher grain yield (4952 kgha-1).
Plant Biology Techniques for Smart Agricultural Crop Production: Tradition to Advanced
Technology – A Review
Authors: Mathur Hansa , Joshi Navneet , Pandya Ishan Y.
Published: June 2022

Plant breeding improves the physiological health of the plants by targeting to the genotypes of the species and immunize them for particular pathogen; this naturally increases nutritional quality and productivity of agricultural lands. This superior quality of crops can tolerate abiotic or biotic stresses of the environment, synthesizes energy-rich biomolecules and supplements through organized metabolism, and equally productive for better human health. Current article is mainly focused on practices and techniques used in plant breeding and tissue culture methods, advance genome editing tools and their significance and efforts made by scientific communities during path of ‘Green Revolution to Gene Revolution’ for sustainable agriculture in India.
‘Dans le tissage de la vie’: The Poetic Notebook as an Ecological Form of Exploration
Authors: McLaughlin Emily
Published: June 2022

A slow but steady stream of critical studies on the diary form have emerged throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Although a remarkable number of notebooks ( carnets, in French) have been published by poets in the same period, they have not attracted the same critical attention. Taking some steps to redress this imbalance, this article questions whether the lack of critical work on the poetic notebook is due to the pronounced interest that many of these works show in the nonhuman world. Drawing on contemporary models of nonhuman or ecological thought, this article explores how the poet Lorand Gaspar conceives of the notebook as a woven or entangled form of writing. It investigates how his notebook interlaces different knowledge systems, perspectives and styles in order to explore the entangled nature of worldly forces and humanity’s immersion in this immense weave.
IN-SILICO DETERIORATION OF PLASTIC BY DIETZIA MARIS STRAIN CYTOCHROME P450 CYP153A16
Authors: Shakeel Noor-UL-Ain
Published: June 2022

Microbial degradation is a supportive method to treat the environmental pollution expanding due to excess production of plastic waste. Cytochrome P450 is highly effective enzyme for plastic degradation and many other pollutants due to vast range of substrate specificity. The present study was designed to predict the degradation affinity of cytochrome P450 for two types of plastic that were polycarbonate and phenol formaldehyde. It was also focused on identifying newly emerging harmful plastic for degradation and to determine their toxicity level. Maximum number of essential tools were applied to design this study of plastic degradation. The sequence of targeted strain was retrieved from NCBI and subjected to multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Protein model was generated and purified after the translation of gene into protein.
Distal Humeral Trochlear Geometry Associated With the Spatial Variation of the Dynamic Elbow Flexion Axis
Authors: Zou Diyang , Hu Xiangjun , An Kai-Nan , Dai Kerong , Yu Xiaowei , Gong Weihua , Tsai Tsung-Yuan
Published: June 2022

Background: The complexity of the spatial dynamic flexion axis (DFA) of the elbow joint makes the elbow prosthesis design and humeral component alignment challenging. This study aimed to 1) investigate the variations of the spatial DFA during elbow flexion and 2) investigate the relationship between the distal humeral trochlear geometry and the in vivo spatial variation of the DFA.

Methods: Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject performed a full elbow extension to maximum flexion with hand supination under dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) surveillance. The 2D fluoroscopic images and the 3D bone models were registered to analyze the in vivo elbow kinematics and DFAs. The spatial DFA positions were defined as inclination with the medial and lateral epicondyle axes (MLA) in the transverse and coronal planes. The range of the DFA positions was also investigated during different flexion phases. The Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between the distal humeral trochlear’s morphological parameters and the position of DFAs during different flexion phases.

Results: The pathway of the DFAs showed an irregular pattern and presented individual features. The medial trochlear depth (MTD) (r = 0.68, p = 0.03) was positively correlated with the range of the DFA position (2.8° ± 1.9°) in the coronal plane from full extension to 30° of flexion. Lateral trochlear height (LTH) (r = −0.64, p = 0.04) was negatively correlated with the DFA position (−1.4° ± 3.3°) in the transverse plane from 30° to 60° of flexion. A significant correlation was found between LTH with the DFA position in the coronal (r = −0.77, p = 0.01) and transverse planes (r = −0.76, p = 0.01) from 60° to 90° of flexion.

Conclusion: This study showed that the pathway of the dynamic flexion axis has an individual pattern. The medial and lateral trochlear sizes were the key parameters that might affect the elbow joint flexion function. When recovering complex distal humeral fractures or considering the implant design of total elbow arthroplasty, surgeons should pay more attention to the medial and lateral trochlea’s geometry, which may help restore normal elbow kinematics.
Novel Multi-Segment Foot Model Incorporating Plantar Aponeurosis for Detailed Kinematic and Kinetic Analyses of the Foot With Application to Gait Studies
Authors: Matsumoto Yuka , Ogihara Naomichi , Hanawa Hiroki , Kokubun Takanori , Kanemura Naohiko
Published: June 2022

Kinetic multi-segment foot models have been proposed to evaluate the forces and moments generated in the foot during walking based on inverse dynamics calculations. However, these models did not consider the plantar aponeurosis (PA) despite its potential importance in generation of the ground reaction forces and storage and release of mechanical energy. This study aimed to develop a novel multi-segment foot model incorporating the PA to better elucidate foot kinetics. The foot model comprised three segments: the phalanx, forefoot, and hindfoot. The PA was modeled using five linear springs connecting the origins and the insertions via intermediate points. To demonstrate the efficacy of the foot model, an inverse dynamic analysis of human gait was performed and how the inclusion of the PA model altered the estimated joint moments was examined. Ten healthy men walked along a walkway with two force plates placed in series close together. The attempts in which the participant placed his fore- and hindfoot on the front and rear force plates, respectively, were selected for inverse dynamic analysis. The stiffness and the natural length of each PA spring remain largely uncertain. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate how the estimated joint moments were altered by the changes in the two parameters within a range reported by previous studies. The present model incorporating the PA predicted that 13%–45% of plantarflexion in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and 8%–29% of plantarflexion in the midtarsal joints were generated by the PA at the time of push-off during walking. The midtarsal joint generated positive work, whereas the MTP joint generated negative work in the late stance phase. The positive and negative work done by the two joints decreased, indicating that the PA contributed towards transfer of the energy absorbed at the MTP joint to generate positive work at the midtarsal joint during walking. Although validation is limited due to the difficulty associated with direct measurement of the PA force in vivo, the proposed novel foot model may serve as a useful tool to clarify the function and mechanical effects of the PA and the foot during dynamic movements.
Caesalpinbondin A, a Novel Diterpenoid Lactone With an Unprecedented Carbon Skeleton from the Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc
Authors: Fei Dong-Qing , Li Hui-Hong , Chen Xiao-Han , Cui Wen-Bo , Zhang Zong-Ping , Zhan Xiao-Qing , Wang Mei-Jie , Qi Feng-Ming , Zhang Zhan-Xin , Li Er-Wei
Published: June 2022

One novel diterpenoid lactone named caesalpinbondin A (1) that possesses an unprecedented tetracyclic ring system in which a 6/6/5-fused tricyclic ring and a 4,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one were connected by a C-C single bond comprising a 5-(naphtho [2,3-b]furan-7-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one moiety was isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc. Its chemical structure was established by extensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculation. The biological evaluation suggested that compound 1 demonstrated potent anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) bioactivity, which could delay paralysis of transgenic AD Caenorhabditis elegans. A possible biogenetic pathway of 1 was also proposed.
Development of Human Cell-Based In Vitro Infection Models to Determine the Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Kilinç Gül , Walburg Kimberley V. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Valkenburg Merel L. , Aubry Alexandra , Haks Mariëlle C. , Saris Anno , Ottenhoff Tom H. M.
Published: June 2022

TheMycobacterium avium(Mav) complex accounts for more than 80% of all pulmonary diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, which have an alarming increase in prevalence and vary in different regions, currently reaching 0.3–9.8 per 100,000 individuals. Poor clinical outcomes, as a result of increasing microbial drug resistance and low treatment adherence due to drug-toxicities, emphasize the need for more effective treatments. Identification of more effective treatments, however, appears to be difficult, which may be due to the intracellular life of NTM and concomitant altered drug sensitivity that is not taken into account using traditional drug susceptibility testing screenings. We therefore developed human cell-basedin vitro Mavinfection models using the human MelJuSo cell line as well as primary human macrophages and a fluorescently labeledMavstrain. By testing a range of multiplicity of infection (MOI) and using flow cytometry and colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis, we found that an MOI of 10 was the most suitable forMavinfection in primary human macrophages, whereas an MOI of 50 was required to achieve similar results in MelJuSo cells. Moreover, by monitoring intracellular bacterial loads over time, the macrophages were shown to be capable of controlling the infection, while MelJuSo cells failed to do so. When comparing the MGIT system with the classical CFU counting assay to determine intracellular bacterial loads, MGIT appeared as a less labor-intensive, more precise, and more objective alternative. Next, using our macrophageMavinfection models, the drug efficacy of the first-line drug rifampicin and the more recently discovered bedaquiline on intracellular bacteria was compared to the activity on extracellular bacteria. The efficacy of the antibiotics inhibiting bacterial growth was significantly lower against intracellular bacteria compared to extracellular bacteria. This finding emphasizes the crucial role of the host cell during infection and drug susceptibility and highlights the usefulness of the models. Taken together, the human cell-basedMavinfection models are reliable tools to determine the intracellular loads ofMav, which will enable researchers to investigate host–pathogen interactions and to evaluate the efficacy of (host-directed) therapeutic strategies againstMav.
Replacement of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Populations in an Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil
Authors: Valdivia Hugo O. , Roatt Bruno M. , Baptista Rodrigo de Paula , Ottino Jennifer , Coqueiro-dos-Santos Anderson , Sanders Mandy J. , Reis Alexandre B. , Cotton James A. , Bartholomeu Daniella C.
Published: June 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis is an important global health problem with an estimated of 50,000 to 90,000 new cases per year. VL is the most serious form of leishmaniasis as it can be fatal in 95% of the cases if it remains untreated. VL is a particularly acute problem in Brazil which contributed with 97% of all cases reported in 2020 in the Americas. In this country, VL affects mainly the poorest people in both urban and rural areas and continues to have a high mortality rate estimated around 8.15%. Here, we performed a temporal parasite population study using whole genome sequence data from a set of 34 canine isolates sampled in 2008, 2012 and 2015 from a re-emergent focus in Southeastern Brazil. Our study found the presence of two distinct sexual subpopulations that corresponded to two isolation periods. These subpopulations diverged hundreds of years ago with no apparent gene flow between them suggesting a process of rapid replacement during a two-year period. Sequence comparisons and analysis of nucleotide diversity also showed evidence of balancing selection acting on transport-related genes and antigenic families. To our knowledge this is the first population genomic study showing a turn-over of parasite populations in an endemic region for leishmaniasis. The complexity and rapid adaptability of these parasites pose new challenges to control activities and demand more integrated approaches to understand this disease in New World foci.
Updated List of Transport Proteins in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Wunderlich Juliane
Published: June 2022

Malaria remains a leading cause of death and disease in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to the alarming spread of resistance to almost all available antimalarial drugs, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. As the intracellular human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends entirely on the host to meet its nutrient requirements and the majority of its transmembrane transporters are essential and lack human orthologs, these have often been suggested as potential targets of novel antimalarial drugs. However, membrane proteins are less amenable to proteomic tools compared to soluble parasite proteins, and have thus not been characterised as well. While it had been proposed that P. falciparum had a lower number of transporters (2.5% of its predicted proteome) in comparison to most reference genomes, manual curation of information from various sources led to the identification of 197 known and putative transporter genes, representing almost 4% of all parasite genes, a proportion that is comparable to well-studied metazoan species. This transporter list presented here was compiled by collating data from several databases along with extensive literature searches, and includes parasite-encoded membrane-resident/associated channels, carriers, and pumps that are located within the parasite or exported to the host cell. It provides updated information on the substrates, subcellular localisation, class, predicted essentiality, and the presence or absence of human orthologs of P. falciparum transporters to quickly identify essential proteins without human orthologs for further functional characterisation and potential exploitation as novel drug targets.
Spaceflight-Associated Changes of snoRNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma Exosomes—A Pilot Study
Authors: Rai Amit Kumar , Rajan K. Shanmugha , Bisserier Malik , Brojakowska Agnieszka , Sebastian Aimy , Evans Angela C. , Coleman Matthew A. , Mills Paul J. , Arakelyan Arsen , Uchida Shizuka , Hadri Lahouaria , Goukassian David A. , Garikipati Venkata Naga Srikanth
Published: June 2022

During spaceflight, astronauts are exposed to various physiological and psychological stressors that have been associated with adverse health effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop novel diagnostic tools to predict early alterations in astronauts’ health. Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) is a type of short non-coding RNA (60–300 nucleotides) known to guide 2′-O-methylation (Nm) or pseudouridine (ψ) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), or messenger RNA (mRNA). Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated snoRNAs may be key players in regulating fundamental cellular mechanisms and in the pathogenesis of cancer, heart, and neurological disease. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the spaceflight-induced snoRNA changes in astronaut’s peripheral blood (PB) plasma extracellular vesicles (PB-EV) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Using unbiased small RNA sequencing (sRNAseq), we evaluated changes in PB-EV snoRNA content isolated from astronauts (n = 5/group) who underwent median 12-day long Shuttle missions between 1998 and 2001. Using stringent cutoff (fold change > 2 or log2-fold change >1, FDR < 0.05), we detected 21 down-and 9—up-regulated snoRNAs in PB-EVs 3 days after return (R + 3) compared to 10 days before launch (L-10). qPCR validation revealed that SNORA74A was significantly down-regulated at R + 3 compared to L-10. We next determined snoRNA expression levels in astronauts’ PBMCs at R + 3 and L-10 (n = 6/group). qPCR analysis further confirmed a significant increase in SNORA19 and SNORA47 in astronauts’ PBMCs at R + 3 compared to L-10. Notably, many downregulated snoRNA-guided rRNA modifications, including four Nms and five ψs. Our findings revealed that spaceflight induced changes in PB-EV and PBMCs snoRNA expression, thus suggesting snoRNAs may serve as potential novel biomarkers for monitoring astronauts’ health.
Effectiveness and Safety of DOACs vs. Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zeng Shan , Zheng Yuxiang , Jiang Jingzhou , Ma Jianyong , Zhu Wengen , Cai Xingming
Published: June 2022

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty are a considerable group in clinical practice. However, existing studies provide insufficient evidence of anticoagulation strategies for these patients. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness and safety outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for these patients.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials or observational studies reporting the data about the DOACs and warfarin therapy among frail AF patients were included. The search was performed in the PubMed and Embase databases up to March 2022. Frailty was defined using the most widely used claims-based frailty index or the cumulative deficit model-based frailty index.

Results

A total of 4 studies involving 835,520 patients were included. Compared with warfarin, DOACs therapy reduced the risks of stroke or systemic embolism (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.69–0.90), ischemic stroke (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.71–0.87), hemorrhagic stroke (HR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.76), and all-cause death (HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84–0.96). In safety outcomes, DOACs was significantly associated with reduced risks of major bleeding (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64–0.97) and intracranial hemorrhage (HR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.52–0.65) compared to warfarin, but there were no statistically differences in gastrointestinal bleeding (HR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.73–1.29).

Conclusions

DOACs exerted superior effectiveness and safety outcome than warfarin in AF patients with frailty.
Glycation and a Spark of ALEs (Advanced Lipoxidation End Products) – Igniting RAGE/Diaphanous-1 and Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Arivazhagan Lakshmi , López-Díez Raquel , Shekhtman Alexander , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Schmidt Ann Marie
Published: June 2022

Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are on the rise world-wide; despite fervent advocacy for healthier diets and enhanced physical activity, these disorders persist unabated and, long-term, are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Numerous fundamental biochemical and molecular pathways participate in these events at incipient, mid- and advanced stages during atherogenesis and impaired regression of established atherosclerosis. It is proposed that upon the consumption of high fat/high sugar diets, the production of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), contribute to the development of foam cells, endothelial injury, vascular inflammation, and, ultimately, atherosclerosis and its consequences. RAGE/Diaphanous-1 (DIAPH1) increases macrophage foam cell formation; decreases cholesterol efflux and causes foam cells to produce and release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecules, which are also ligands of RAGE. DAMPs stimulate upregulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7) in macrophages, which exacerbates vascular inflammation and further perturbs cholesterol metabolism. Obesity and NAFLD, characterized by the upregulation of AGEs, ALEs and DAMPs in the target tissues, contribute to insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and type two diabetes. Once in motion, a vicious cycle of RAGE ligand production and exacerbation of RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling ensues, which, if left unchecked, augments cardiometabolic disease and its consequences. This Review focuses on RAGE/DIAPH1 and its role in perturbation of metabolism and processes that converge to augur cardiovascular disease.
Increased Terrigenous Supply to the Pelagic Panthalassa Superocean Across the Carnian Pluvial Episode: A Possible Link With Extensive Aridification in the Pangean Interior
Authors: Cho Tenichi , Ikeda Masayuki , Ohta Tohru
Published: June 2022

In the Late Triassic, a global environmental change called the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) emerged, causing major biological turnover. The CPE has been recognized by siliciclastic input to sedimentary basins, multiple carbon isotope perturbations, and climate proxies for humidification. The CPE is considered to have been associated with increased atmospheric pCO2 from eruptions of large igneous provinces. However, the nature of this global environmental perturbation on the continents is still not well understood. Here we present a geochemical analysis of a pelagic deep-sea bedded chert sequence across the CPE in the Jurassic accretionary complex of Mino terrane, central Japan. Fluctuations in terrigenous material supply were reconstructed using Principal Component Analysis of major element compositions. The first principal component positively correlates with elements enriched in clay minerals such as Al2O3, whereas it negatively correlates with CaO, P2O5, and MnO, derived from apatite and manganese. A sudden increase in terrigenous supply was detected around the Julian/Tuvalian boundary, suggesting that CPE-related siliciclastic input also occurred in the abyssal plain environment. The terrigenous supply returned to the pre-CPE state in the Tuvalian. Since the terrigenous material supplied to the abyssal plain is thought to be derived from eolian dust blown from continental arid regions, the increasing terrigenous supply detected in the pelagic deep-sea chert succession may indicate extensive aridification. This result seems to conflict with the common view of the CPE as a humidification event. This contradiction possibly suggests that the extensive aridification occurred within the interior of the supercontinent Pangea, while hydrological circulation enhanced on the coastal region during the CPE.
Strength and Stiffness Degradation Mechanisms of Stabilized/Solidified Sediments by Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Wu Shangwei , Jing Xiaofei , Liu Kehui , Ren Lingyan
Published: June 2022

Strength and stiffness of stabilized/solidified (S/S) sediments are supposed to be degraded by freeze–thaw cycles (FTs) when applied in constructions in cold regions. In order to reveal the degradation mechanisms, FTs were first simulated on S/S sediments in the laboratory. Then, macrotests including unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests and direct shear tests were conducted on S/S sediments at different FTs to investigate the strength and stiffness changes and microanalyses including scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry (NAP) to investigate the microstructure changes. Macrotests show that strength indexes decrease gradually, stiffness parameters and brittleness increase first and then decrease, the compaction stage of stress–strain curves diminishes first and then increases, the decrease rate of friction angle decelerates first and then accelerates, and the decrease rate of cohesion decelerates first and then keeps stable, for S/S sediments in FTs. Microanalyses have precisely captured the damage chain of S/S sediments: meso and macropores inside sediment aggregates expand gradually during FTs; as a result, sediment aggregates are fractured and stripped off from the solidification skeleton gradually; losing support of sediment aggregates, solidification skeletons are adjusted first and then collapsed when sediment aggregate fracture reaches a limit value. Based on macro and microfindings, a damage model to explain strength and stiffness degradations by microstructure damage is successfully established. Based on the established damage model, a reasonable idea is proposed for promoting the resistance of S/S sediments to FTs.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Quantitative Risk of Flood due to Climate Change in a China’s Plateau Province
Authors: Wu Baolin , Zhang Zhengtao , Guo Xinrui , Tan Cheng , Huang Chengfang , Tao Jun
Published: June 2022

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is a region sensitive to climate change with significant changes in topography, and the increase in extreme precipitation in the region easily leads to landslides and debris flows. To mitigate the effects of climate change, the Chinese government has pledged to an emission reduction target that achieves a “carbon peak’” in 2030 and being “carbon neutral” in 2060 at a huge cost. In order to explore the quantitative flood risk at the county level in Qinghai province (the core province of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau) and the contribution of emission reduction efforts to risk mitigation, this article constructs a loss rate curve based on the data of more than 1,000 single flood disasters from 2009 to 2019 through government cooperation and the data of observed cumulative precipitation. Combined with the latest CMIP6 climate model data, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the flood loss ratio in Qinghai province from 2020 to 2060 are quantitatively characterized. The results show the following: 1) the curve of the flood loss rate in Qinghai province from 2020 to 2060 may present a trend of “rising in the early stage, stable in the middle stage, and declining in the late stage” under low (SSP126) and medium (SSP245) emission scenarios and presents a trend of rising fluctuation under the high-emission (SSP585) scenario. The flood loss ratio under SSP585 is 10 times higher than that under SSP126; 2) the flood risk of 44 counties from 2020 to 2060 in Qinghai province may be concentrated in the southeast region, with Jiuzhi county, Banma county, Nangqian county, Gande county, and Dari county being the most prominent; (3) compared with SSP585, the Qinghai province in SSP126 may cumulatively avoid about 24 billion CNY in economic losses from 2020 to 2060 and avoid nearly 600 million CNY in losses per year, which is equivalent to 93% of Qinghai province’s special funds for ecological and environmental protection in 2019. The research aims to provide theoretical and data support for flood disaster risk prevention and management in China’s high-altitude areas and to promote the initiative of emission reduction in China and even the world.