bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Disadvantage and the Pace of Biological Aging in Children
Authors: Raffington Laurel , Belsky Daniel W. , Kothari Meeraj , Malanchini Margherita , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Harden K. Paige
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children who grow up in socioeconomic disadvantage face increased burden of disease and disability throughout their lives. One hypothesized mechanism for this increased burden is that early-life disadvantage accelerates biological processes of aging, increasing vulnerability to subsequent disease. To evaluate this hypothesis and the potential impact of preventive interventions, measures are needed that can quantify early acceleration of biological aging in childhood.

METHODS:

Saliva DNA methylation and socioeconomic circumstances were measured in N = 600 children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years (48% female) participating in the Texas Twin Project. We measured pace of biological aging using the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm, developed to quantify the pace-of-aging–related decline in system integrity. We tested if children in more disadvantaged families and neighborhoods exhibited a faster pace of aging as compared with children in more affluent contexts.

RESULTS:

Children living in more disadvantaged families and neighborhoods exhibited a faster DunedinPoAm-measured pace of aging (r = 0.18; P = .001 for both). Latinx-identifying children exhibited a faster DunedinPoAm-measured pace of aging compared with both White- and Latinx White–identifying children, consistent with higher levels of disadvantage in this group. Children with more advanced pubertal development, higher BMI, and more tobacco exposure exhibited faster a faster DunedinPoAm-measured pace of aging. However, DunedinPoAm-measured pace of aging associations with socioeconomic disadvantage were robust to control for these factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children growing up under conditions of socioeconomic disadvantage exhibit a faster pace of biological aging. DNA methylation pace of aging might be useful as a surrogate end point in evaluation of programs and policies to address the childhood social determinants of lifelong health disparities.
Early Childhood Caries in Indigenous Communities
Authors: Holve Steve , Braun Patricia , Irvine James D. , Nadeau Kristen , Schroth Robert J. , Bell Shaquita L. , Calac Daniel J. , Empey Allison , Nadeau Kristen J. , Oski Jane A. , Thierry Judith K. , Weedn Ashley , Fisher-Owens Susan , Huff Qadira , Karp Jeffrey , Tate Anupama , Unkel John , Krol David , Jetty Radha , Goldade Roxanne , Schrewe Brett , Pelletier Véronique , Giroux Ryan J.P. , Berry Margaret , Fraser-Roberts Leigh
Published: May 2021

The oral health of Indigenous children of Canada (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) and the United States (American Indian and Alaska native) is a major child health disparity when compared with the general population of both countries. Early childhood caries (ECC) occurs in Indigenous children at an earlier age, with a higher prevalence, and at much greater severity than in the general population. ECC results in adverse oral health, affecting childhood health and well-being, and may result in high rates of costly surgical treatment under general anesthesia. ECC is an infectious disease that is influenced by multiple factors, but the social determinants of health are particularly important. This policy statement includes recommendations for preventive and clinical oral health care for infants, toddlers, preschool-aged children, and pregnant women by primary health care providers. It also addresses community-based health-promotion initiatives and access to dental care for Indigenous children. This policy statement encourages oral health interventions at early ages in Indigenous children, including referral to dental care for the use of sealants, interim therapeutic restorations, and silver diamine fluoride. Further community-based research on the microbiology, epidemiology, prevention, and management of ECC in Indigenous communities is also needed to reduce the dismally high rate of caries in this population.
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Clinical features and molecular characterization
Authors: Chebbi Yosra , Frigui Siwar , Raddaoui Anis , Belloumi Dorra , Lakhal Amel , Torjemane Lamia , Ben Abeljelil Nour , Ladeb Saloua , Ben Othmen Tarek , El Fatmi Rym , Achour Wafa
Published: May 2021

The purpose of our study was to investigate the epidemiology of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) responsible for bacteremia in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of methicillin resistance. The prevalence of CoNS bacteremia was 7.4% (54/728), higher in allograft (10.7%) than in autograft (4.7%) recipients. A sepsis or a septic shock were observed in 9% of cases. No deaths were attributable to CoNS bacteremia. The methicillin resistance rate was 81%. All MR-CoNS, harbored mecA gene and 90% were typeable with SCCmec typing using PCR amplification. The SCCmec type IV was the most frequent (44%). Clonal dissemination of MR- Staphylococcus epidermidis strains was limited. Our study showed a low prevalence and favorable outcome of CoNS bacteremia in HSCT recipients with limited clonal diffusion. However, they were associated with a significant rate of severe infections and a high rate of methicillin resistance, mediated by SCCmec IV element in most cases.
Zur Geschichte der ungarischen Rezeption Albrecht von Hallers •
Authors: Latzkovits Miklós
Published: May 2021

Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Rezeptionsgeschichte der Gedichte Albrecht von Hallers im Ungarn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Als Grundlage für die Untersuchung dienen die Haller-Zitate in zeitgenössischen Stammbucheinträgen. Mit dieser Frage setzten sich zwar sowohl deutsche als auch ungarische Forscher schon früher auseinander, jedoch, wie im vorliegenden Aufsatz behauptet wird, unter Anwendung einer gewissermaßen falschen Methode. Es wurde nämlich in diesen früheren Arbeiten nicht näher darauf eingegangen, ob das Zitat gegebenenfalls einer sekundären Quelle entnommen wurde. Dieser Ansatz führte jedoch zu falschen Schlussfolgerungen. Vorliegender Aufsatz versucht, die aus sekundären Quellen stammenden Zitate von jenen aus dem „Original“ zu unterscheiden. Es wird festgestellt, dass die in Stammbucheinträgen im 18. Jahrhundert zu lesenden Haller-Zitate überwiegend aus nachweislich sekundären Quellen herzuleiten sind. Je „berühmter“ ein Autor war – diesen Eindruck gewinnt man anhand des Korpus –, umso mehr zitieren ihn die Zeitgenossen aus indirekten Quellen.
Metody aktywizujące w edukacji polonistycznej dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym
Authors:   Dr, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Kubik Alicja
Published: May 2021

The modern core curriculum assumes educating a young child with the use of activating methods. During educational activities, it is important that children listen actively, think, experience and perform practical activities on their own. Modern school should ensure that students report problems, design research, conduct them, analyze and verify their results. One of the tasks of the school is also introducing students to the world of art, encouraging them to express themselves expressively through artistic, musical, literary and theatrical activity. It is closely related to developing students' abilities and interests. One must not forget about rewarding independence in thinking, cognitive curiosity, and reporting one's own initiatives. The main part of the article discusses the teaching-learning methods used in educational activities in primary school classes, with particular emphasis on those that favor the development of creative activity of children.
Social networks as a teaching resource in higher education
Authors:   Prof. Asociado, University of Zaragoza, Spain, Mauri Medrano Marta
Published: May 2021

Technologies have advanced dramatically in all areas of society, gradually being incorporated into Universities, until they have become a very valuable educational resource. In this context of permanent changes, Higher Education is called upon to face the challenges posed by new learning methods, in order to improve the way of producing, organizing and disseminating knowledge. The use of ICTs in teaching process increases access, quality and good results.
Kluby Inteligencji Katolickiej jako instytucje wsparcia wykształcenia i wychowania w Diecezji Tarnowskiej
Authors:   Ks. Dr, Ośrodek Badań nad Polonią i Duszpasterstwem Polonijnym Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II, Polska, Jaworski Piotr
Published: May 2021

Among the various forms of association of the Catholic laity in the Church, one can distinguish associations and organisations – whether they are based on canonical or civil law on associations – and informal circles: religious movements, groups, circles and small groups. The difficult situation of the Church in Poland after World War II was not conducive to the creation of organisations whose activities would be approved by both the church authorities and the state authorities. If, however, quasi-ecclesiastical or religious organisations were to emerge that were recognised by the civil authorities, these were unfortunately organisations that had very little in common with the good of the Church and the faithful. Against this backdrop, the Catholic Intelligence Clubs were a kind of phenomenon. They enjoyed the approval of the Church authorities and, to some extent, the unintentional recognition of the state authorities, and sought to strengthen religious education by forming people and communities in the Christian spirit, shaping social attitudes, creating and deepening Christian culture, intellectual development and various forms of charitable activity. Three Catholic Intelligentsia Clubs were established in the Tarnów Diocese: in Nowy Sącz, Tarnów and Mielec.
Niepowodzenia szkolne uczniów w czasie pandemii COVID-19 w perspektywie wybranych badań empirycznych
Authors:   Dr, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Frączek Zofia
Published: May 2021

In this text the phenomenon of school failure among pupils has been characterized with presentation of didactical and educational difficulties. Their specificity, syndromes and causes have been presented. The author has indicated possibilities of prevention of those failures as well as possibilities of support of the ones manifesting these difficulties. An attempt to outline the didactical and educational difficulties of pupils on COVID-19 pandemic was made. In the process, chosen and available results of empirical research were used. Suggestions of pupils support by school and family environment encloses the article. Special attention was brought to the need of realization of intensive cooperation and open communication among teachers, parents and pupils themselves, as the new circumstances require maintenance of social distancing.
Rozszerzenie przestrzeni integracyjnej osób wewnętrznie przesiedlonych: implementacja na Ukrainie polskiego doświadczenia wspomagania rodzin
Authors:   Dr, Instytut Etnologii Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy, Kijów, Ukraina, Iwankowa-Stetsiuk Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the implementation process of the Polish experience of supporting IDPs families in Ukraine, which envisages the harmonization of the efforts of professionals to help families as an specific integrities. A similar experience is important for Ukraine during the armed conflict in the eastern territories of the country, which in turn leads to an increase in the number of internally displaced families who are struggling with their own specific problems and needs, including the need to expand the integration space. The article uses the materials of the joint project of Caritas Ukraine and Caritas Polska "Establishing a family support center due to the model of integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities in Ukraine", implemented with the author's participation in 2017-2019 as part of the cooperation program of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland.
NHSR 158. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–March 2020 Pre-pandemic Data Files
Authors: Bryan Stierman , Afful Joseph , Carroll Margaret , Te-Ching Chen , Orlando Davy , Fink Steven , Fryar Cheryl
Published: May 2021

This report explains the creation of the 2017–March 2020 Pre-Pandemic Data Files, provides recommendations for and limitations of the files’ use, and presents prevalence estimates for select health outcomes based on the files.
Molecular analysis reveals high diversity in the Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) species complex from different Amazonian localities
Authors: FERREIRA Alex M. V. , RIBEIRO Leila Braga , FELDBERG Eliana
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT DNA barcoding proposes that a fragment of DNA can be used to identify species. In fish, a fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) has been effective in many studies with different foci. Here we use this molecular tool to provide new insights into the cryptic diversity found in the Hoplias malabaricus species complex. Popularly known as trahira, H. malabaricus is widely distributed in South America. The clade shows molecular and cytogenetic diversity, and several studies have supported the occurrence of a complex of species. We performed molecular and karyotypic analysis of H. malabaricus individuals from eight Amazonian localities to assess the diversity present in the nominal taxon, and to clarify relationships within this group. We used 12 samples in cytogenetic analyses and found two karyomorphs: 2n = 40 (20m + 20sm) (karyomorph C) and 2n = 42 (22m + 20sm) (karyomorph A). We used 19 samples in molecular analyses with COI as a molecular marker, maximum likelihood analyses, and the Kimura-2-parameter evolutionary model with bootstrap support. We found karyomorph-related differentiation with bootstrap of 100%. However, we found high molecular diversity within karyomorph C. The observed pattern allowed us to infer the presence of cryptic diversity, reinforcing the existence of a species complex.
MODELO DE COMPETÊNCIA DOCENTE DIGITAL
Authors: Perin Eloni dos Santos , Freitas Maria do Carmo Duarte , Coelho Taiane Ritta
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: A competência docente digital é recente nos debates científicos no Brasil. Essa temática encontra-se em expansão e está relacionado à utilização das tecnologias digitais na educação, especialmente com o ensino remoto em tempo de pandemia do Coronavírus. Por isso, tem o objetivo de identificar na literatura quais são as competências digitais ao trabalho docente.  Métodos: O tema é discutido a partir da literatura internacional, com abordagem mista, ou seja, possui aspectos quantitativos que utiliza o método de análise bibliométrica e qualitativa com análise de conteúdo.Para isso, foram selecionados 120 artigos das bases Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct, com busca realizada com o termo competência docente digital, no idioma inglês e com filtro temporal de 2015 a 2020. Resultados: identificam-se os termos que são utilizados para expressar a integração da tecnologia digital à educação e representam a competência digital. Uma análise de conteúdo indica que uma profissão é docente, são seis categorias de competência digital, que envolve o manuseio de ferramentas digitais, habilidades de informação e comunicação, conhecimentos e habilidades para usar ou competências pedagógicas, para autodesenvolver-se e para tratar das questões socioculturais que permeiam o trabalho docente. Conclusão: As categorias identificadas um modelo ainda inexplorado de competências docentes digitais.
Accidentes del trabajo y relaciones de producción: Una crítica sociológica a los factores subjetivos como explicación hegemónica de la causalidad de los accidentes en el trabajo
Authors: Montero Marcelo
Published: May 2021

Introducción: el abordaje contemporáneo de los accidentes del trabajo está constituido por un corpus de referencia que analiza la cuestión a partir del plano subjetivo. Existe una laguna en el pensamiento sociológico regional respecto de su tratamiento.

Objetivo: a partir del estudio de los accidentes laborales como un hecho social, apuntamos a desmitificar los mecanismos de análisis centrados en el comportamiento individual y en el factor humano.

Método: estudio cuantitativo de las estadísticas nacionales de accidentes del trabajo reportadas en Argentina.

Resultados: existe una tendencia a la concentración de los accidentes de mayor gravedad en los trabajos peor remunerados y a la convergencia de estos en regiones con mayor concentración de pobreza.

Discusión: la producción de los accidentes laborales, cuya tendencia se reitera en un grupo social dado, solamente puede ser explicada sociológicamente, como algo que está en función de determinadas condiciones sociales, como una representación colectiva y no por motivaciones individuales.

Conclusión: Los accidentes del trabajo son fenómenos sociales caracterizados por su potencialidad de coerción. La probabilidad que un individuo sea expuesto a condiciones que conduzcan a un accidente estará condicionada por la división del trabajo, la estructura social y el lugar que ocupa en las relaciones de producción.
Imunização contra a influenza em idosos residentes em áreas rurais ribeirinhas: implicação dos achados frente à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Andrade Anny Beatriz Costa Antony de , Albuquerque Bernardino Claudio de , Garnelo Luiza , Herkrath Fernando
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a proporção de idosos não vacinados e os motivos que interferem na imunização contra a influenza em localidades rurais ribeirinhas e potenciais implicações na vacinação contra COVID-19. Método: Inquérito transversal de base domiciliar realizado em 38 localidades rurais ribeirinhas da margem esquerda do rio Negro, Manaus, Amazonas. Os idosos selecionados responderam a um questionário que investigou as condições de vida, saúde e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Para este estudo foram selecionados os desfechos relacionados à imunização contra a Influenza nos últimos 12 meses e o principal motivo alegado pelos que não tomaram a vacina. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, seguida de análise de regressão logística para identificar os fatores associados à não vacinação. Resultados: Dos 102 idosos incluídos no estudo, 28 (27,5%) referiram não vacinação contra a influenza no ano anterior. Os principais motivos foram relacionados à falta de informação sobre a vacinação (60,71%) e às barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde (28,58%). Foi identificada maior chance de não vacinação entre os idosos que não consultaram o médico no último ano (RC=4,18; IC95%=1,57-11,11) e entre aqueles com maior renda domiciliar (RC=1,08; IC95%=1,02-1,14). Conclusão: Foi identificada uma elevada proporção de idosos não imunizados contra a influenza. Os motivos referidos para a não vacinação podem persistir e interferir negativamente na vacinação deste grupo contra a COVID-19. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário reordenar o planejamento da vacinação em contextos rurais ribeirinhos, de forma a oferecer uma cobertura adequada à um dos principais grupos de risco para doenças respiratórias.
Early cardiovascular sympathetic reflex activation is independent of occlusion time during reactive hyperemia
Authors: López-Galán Erislandis , Andreu-Heredia Adán , Carrazana-Escalona Ramón , Querts Méndez Odalis , Naranjo Juan Carlos García , Lazo-Herrera Luis Alberto , Muñoz-Bustos Gustavo Alejandro , Albarrán-Torres Felipe Antonio , Sanchez-Hechavarria Miguel Enrique
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of occlusion time in dynamic changes of autonomic activation during reactive hyperemia.

Methods: Healthy subjects (n = 30) in the age range of 18–25 years participated in this study. Vascular reactivity was assessed by measuring the dynamic changes in finger pulse volume amplitude (PVA) and  pulse transit time relative to the RR intervals in the test (occluded arm) and control arm (contralateral non-occluded arm) during 1, 3 and 5 minute of occlusion using two separate Photoplethysmographic sensors. Heart Rate Variability was computed from a simultaneously acquired ECG signal to monitor the dynamic changes in cardiac autonomic nervous activity. Time-varying analysis of all signals were shown every 1 second in average response graphs.

Results: Time-varying analysis of vascular and autonomic response during reactive hyperemia demonstrated the presence of a characteristic response pattern with an increase in the Sympathetic index and a decrease in Parasympathetic index at 8 to 10 seconds, an increase in heart rate at 20 seconds and a progressive increase in PVA during the first 60 seconds after occlusion regardless of the time spent in the procedure. Moreover, a decrease in pulse transits time relative to RR intervals,  followed by an increase regardless of the occlusion time was evidenced. 

Conclusions: Early cardiovascular sympathetic activation is independent of occlusion time during reactive hyperemia, which suggests this is a vascular autonomic reflex response involved in the generation of the physiological phenomenon of reactive hyperemia.
Construção de definições operacionais em Metacognição
Authors: Peixoto Mauricio Abreu Pinto , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes , Tavares Bruno Fragoso
Published: May 2021

Desde a década de 70 a metacognição vem sendo entendida como “conhecimento e cognição sobre fenômenos cognitivos”. Sua conceituação, apesar disto, ainda se apresenta inespecífica, a maioria dos pesquisadores tendendo a negligenciar o estabelecimento de definições mais precisas sobre a metacognição. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, com enviesamento intencional orientado para a produção de definições operacionais aplicáveis ao processo de aprendizagem, de modo a permitir operar as ações de descrição, discriminação entre os diferentes fenômenos metacognitivos, sua classificação e interpretação de significados. A taxonomia aqui apresentada consta de 03 domínios (Habilidade, Experiência e Conhecimento Metacognitivos), trazendo 36 definições operacionais de termos metacognitivos.
HOW AN ARRAY OF DISCRETE RESONATORS, COUPLED BY FLUID, CAN REPRODUCE THE DYNAMICS OF CLICK-EVOKED OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS
Authors: Wit Hero
Published: May 2021

This paper describes a basic representation of cochlear mechanics. To represent the cochlear partition, we begin with an array of discrete tuned resonators, immersed in fluid. The resonators are stimulated by an impulse from another resonator, which is taken to be the middle ear. A “state space” representation of the classic transmission line model is used to describe the multiple fluid-borne interactions which take place between all the resonators. The overall response seen at the middle ear looks remarkably similar to a click-evoked otoacoustic emission (CEOAE) if the place–frequency map of the cochlea contains tuning irregularities. The paper describes, step by step, how the CEOAEs are generated. We show that impulse responses from each oscillator are transported back to the ear canal, and that these responses add up to create a standing wave pattern in the fluid pressure. This standing wave is the sum of waves repeatedly travelling back and forth between an irregularity and oscillator 1. If only one irregularity is present, the impulse response of oscillator 1 (the “stimulus”) is followed by a weak single oscillation, with the characteristics of a “gammachirp”. If irregularities are present all along the cochlear partition, many gammachirps add up to produce a signal with similar characteristics as a CEOAE measured in a normal hearing ear. The model therefore describes the generation of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions.
Extracellular and intracellular pH measurements in micerespiratory tract in vivo v2
Authors: A Okda Faten , Perry Scott , Webby Richard , Russell Charles
Published: May 2021

In the last century, novel respiratory viruses with pandemic potential have emerged in human populations. Interference with HA acid stability of pandemic H1N1 significantly decreases pathogenicity in mice, ferrets, and swine. We propose that pH is the key determinant of viral fitness in the respiratory tract of mice. Fiber-optic pH sensing has been used in vivoin animal species such as dogs, mice, and swine and in humans. In vivo measurements of extracellular and intracellular pH of the respiratory tract after influenza virus infection and of baseline pH of the respiratory tract are not accurately studied. Here, we measured the pH in mice respiratory tract in vivo under anesthesia, using the fiber-optic phase detection system and by inserting the 140-μm diameter microsensor tip into the nasal cavity, soft palate, and trachea of mice. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to use pH sensing technology in the respiratory tract of infected and non-infected mice. In addition, individual cell properties differ significantly in size, protein levels, and expression. Therefore, we performed single intracellular pH analyses to better understand the cellular responses in different respiratory tissues and complex environments in response to IAVs, especially pandemic viruses. We report potentials in local extracellular pH in different parts of the mouse respiratory tract in correlation to the intracellular measurement of a single cell the local immune response.
Seasonal Dynamics of Stomach Contents, Trophic Level, Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1877)
Authors: Mazumder Sabuj Kanti , Kunda Mrityunjoy , Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub , Basak Lipi Rani , Das Simon Kumar
Published: May 2021

The Asian catfish Mystus bleekeri is a popular food fish along with favored as an ornamental fish in Bangladesh. Till now detailed report on stomach contents, trophic level, length-weight relationship and condition factor of this fish species in the agro-climatic context of Bangladesh is lacking. Hence, the aims of this study were to describe the stomach content, trophic level, length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factors of Mystus bleekeri collected from Dekhar Haor, Sylhet, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 600 specimens ranging from 6.9-24.6 cm total length (TL) and 5.7-72.4 g body weight (BW) was analyzed in this study. Stomach content analysis showed that the fish fed mostly on Mollusca with a frequency of occurrence (fo: 25.36%) and worms (fo: 21.68%), followed by plant matters (fo: 3.32%), Cladocerana (fo: 1.18%), Copepoda (fo: 0.95%), and Teleostei (fo: 0.36%). The estimated mean trophic level (TROPH) ranged from 2.35±0.13 in December to 3.02±0.23 in August, indicating that they are opportunistic feeder. The LWR analysis showed negative allometric growth (b<3) throughout the year. The values of the exponent b in the LWR (W=aLb) vary between 1.474 and 2.490.The mean K value was significantly higher in October indicating the heavier weight and better condition of the fish (P<0.05). The data obtained from this study would be useful to introduce sustainable management of Mystus bleekeri not only in Dekhar Haor but also in other inland waters of Bangladesh.
Feasibility of UV-Vis Spectral Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics for Rapid Detection of Phyllanthus niruri Adulteration with Leucaena leucocephala
Authors: Mohamad Rafi Mohamad Rafi , Bayu Nurcahyo Bayu Nurcahyo , Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Arif Zulhan , Septaningsih Dewi Anggraini , Sastia Prama Putri Sastia Prama Putri , Fukusaki Eiichiro
Published: May 2021

Phyllanthus niruri is widely used in Indonesia as immunostimulant. The morphology of Leucaena leucocephala leaves is similar to that of P. niruri leaves. L. leucocephala is easy to find and collect because it is widely distributed in the world. Therefore, it is likely P. niruri could be adulterated with L. leucocephala. Therefore, identification and authentication of P. niruri is important to ensure the raw materials used are original without any substitution or mixture with other similar plants causing inconsistencies in their efficacy. In this paper, we described feasibility used of UV-Vis spectral fingerprinting and chemometrics for rapid method for the identification and detection of P. niruri leaves adulterated with L. leucocephala leaves. UV-Vis spectra of samples measured in the interval of 200-800 nm and signal smoothing followed by standard normal variate were used for pre-processing the spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA)with the absorbance data from the pre-processed UV-Vis spectra in the range of 250-700 nm as variables could distinguish P. niruri from L. leucocephala. PCA followed by discriminant analysis (DA) could successfully classified P. niruri mixed with 5, 25, and 50% L. luecocephala into their respective groups (96.81%). We also employed soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) for authentication of P. niruri and found that 88.3% of the samples were also correctly classified into their respective groups. A combination of UV-Vis spectroscopy with chemometrics, such as PCA-DA and SIMCA, were used for the first time for the identification and detection of P. niruri adulterated with L. leucocephala.
Kaedah Gelombang Mikro: Alternatif Sintesis Sebatian Heterosiklik Konvensional
Authors: Mat Lazim Azwan , Rohadi Atisya , Hasbullah Siti Aishah , Mohamad Mazlan , Zul Ariff A.L.
Published: May 2021

Gelombang mikro ialah gelombang elektromagnetik yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk proses pemanasan dalam menjalankan tindak balas kimia khususnya dalam sintesis sebatian heterosiklik. Penggunaan kaedah gelombang ini adalah salah satu alternatif untuk memperbaiki atau meningkatkan tahap kecekapan suatu tindak balas dengan mengurangkan masa tindak balas malah meningkatkan peratusan hasil yang diperoleh.
Food Poisoning Outbreaks among School Children in Terengganu and their Associated Factors
Authors: Abdullah Nur Baizura Aini , Ismail Ahmad Filza
Published: May 2021

Food poisoning is a public health problem in Malaysia and among the top five communicable diseases in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the proportion of food poisoning cases involving schoolchildren in Terengganu in 2016 and their associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data collected from 21 food poisoning outbreaks among schoolchildren in Terengganu in 2016. The proportion of food poisoning outbreaks involving schoolchildren in Terengganu in 2016 was 63.6%. Ministry of Education (MOE) school had contributed to 95.3% of outbreak cases, 81% occurred at secondary school and 57.1% involved school located in urban district. Poultry (61.9%) was the most common food vehicle, and Salmonella spp. (52.4%) was the most common microbial etiological agent. Urban district schools had the adjusted odds (aOR=1.803; 95% CI: 1.435,2.267; p < 0.001) compared with rural district schools. Non-MOEschoolchildren were more likely to be involved in school food poisoning (aOR= 4.439; 95% CI: 2.690,7.177; p <0.001) compared with MOE schoolchildren. Moreover, egg consumption was 4.6 times (aOR=4.627; 95% CI: 1.779,12.035; p=0.002) more likely to be associated with school food poisoning outbreaks in Terengganu in 2016 compared with rice consumption. Cross-contamination (aOR=0.445; 95% CI: 0.445,0.231; p=0.015) was less likely to be linked to school food poisoning compared with inadequate cooking and reheating. Food poisoning among schoolchildren in Terengganu has been associated with non-modifiable factors, such as school district location, and modifiable factors, such as food vehicles and critical control points. Health education on food safety, food handling, strict hygiene practice and clean canteen environment need to be strengthened.
Risk Associated with Immediate Implant at Mandibular Canine and Premolars: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study
Authors: Rameswaran Kirthiga , Mohd Shariff Aminah , Lim Daniel
Published: May 2021

With the evolution of implant dentistry, immediate implantation remains a challenge especially in achieving a good primary stability with avoidance of complications such as nerve injuries and lingual perforations. This study was aimed to determine the risks of nerve injury and lingual perforation following virtual implant placement at mandibular canines, mandibular first premolars and mandibular second premolars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. From the total of 771 CBCT scans screened, 100 CBCT scans were included. Measurements were made based on the cross-section of the study teeth, that were mandibular canine, first premolar and second premolar, to obtain the distance between root apex and nerve canal as well as risk of nerve injury. A virtual implant was then placed at each site to assess the risk of lingual perforation. Generally, the distance between root apex and nerve was less than 6 mm and the highest risk of nerve injury was observed at second premolar (79.6%) followed by first premolar (45.3%) and canine (23.4%). Risk of lingual perforation following immediate implant placement was between 0.7-1.5%. The risk of nerve injury was considerably high due to insufficient root apex to nerve canal distance while the risk of lingual perforation was low.
Protective EEffect of Copaifera salikounda Heckel against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatorenal Injury in Rat
Authors: Aloke Chinyere , Obasi Nwogo Ajuka , Emelike Chinedum Uche , Ogbu Patience Nkemjika , Ufebe Godswill Odumero , Orinya Onyebuchi Federick , Ogbonnia Egwu Chinedu , Onyekwere Anthony Chinwendu
Published: May 2021

Drug-induced hepatorenal damage is a significant worldwide clinical challenge. In Nigeria, Copaifera salikounda seed pod ethanol extract (CSSPEE) is used in the treatment of many ailments including liver disorders. This study investigated the protective efficacy of CSSPEE against paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatorenal toxicity.Male albino Wistar rats were assigned at random into five different groups (n = 6). The normal control (Group I) was given normal saline via oral administration while Group II was given 500 mg/kg body weight of PCMvia intra-peritoneal administration; Group III was administered 100 mgkg-1 of silymarin (reference drug) while Groups IV and V were administered 200 and 400 mg kg-1 of CSSPEE, respectively, per os for seven days prior to administration of PCM. CSSPEEpretreated groups protected PCM-induced hepatorenal damage as reflected by significant diminution (P < 0.05) in liver enzymes activities and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TG) and urea in comparison with group II. Also, CSSPEE pretreatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) the activities of catalase and GSH relative to group II while no significant elevation (P > 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed in comparison to PCM group. CSSPEE also reversed liver and kidney PCMoverdose caused histopathological alterations and ameliorated the tissue histology thereby corroborating the results of biochemical findings. CSSPEE produced analogous effects comparable to those produced by silymarin (reference drug). The results indicated that oral administration of CSSPEE conferred a dose-dependent protection against paracetamol-induced oxidative damage to liver and kidney.
COVID-19 Mini-Review: D614G Mutation as an Independent Risk-Factor to the Expression of ACE2 and DPP4 Associated Increased Severity in COVID-19
Authors: Mat Jusoh Siti Asmaa , Foroozandeh Parisa , Lee Yan Fen , Abdul Halim Mardani , Laskmanan Manoj Kumar , Shamsuddin Shaharum
Published: May 2021

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has struck more than 99 million people worldwide and had claimed more than 2 million lives as of 23 January 2021, which affecting 221 countries/nations. Until now, the pandemic has not shown signals of slowing down, with no proven vaccine in sight. People are speculating on this unprecedented event. It is well documented that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spiked S1 glycoprotein directly bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) or CD26 (cluster of differentiation 26) receptors lead to their entry. The latest evidence demonstrated that SAR-CoV-2 possesses genetic heterogeneity, lead to the existence of a new SAR-CoV-2 variant, such as D614G encoded the spiked S1. The mutation involved changes in amino acid sequence of D (aspartic acid) into G (guanine) at position 614. D614G was reported to confer high infectivity and became the dominant form of the virus globally. Interestingly, current evidence found that D614G protein increases its infectivity dependent on the ACE2 receptor, and its co-binding receptor, DPP4. This proclaims implied to COVID-19 high-risk groups; the aging population and the people with comorbidities; hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, which constituted the most of lethal cases, that overexpressed ACE2 and DPP4. The review aims to find an association between COVID-19 infectivity and severity relating to D614G mutation with the expression of ACE2 or DPP4 in these groups. We proposed that D614G mutation and expressions of ACE2 and DPP4 were mutually inclusive for increase infectivity, but not severity in COVID-19’s patients.
Positive and Negative Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Aquatic Environment: A Review
Authors: Ong Meng Chuan , Ghazali Adiana , Md Amin Roswati , Bhubalan Kesaven , Lee Jen Nie , Tuan Omar Tuan Mohamad Fauzan , Khalil Idham , Assaw Suvik , Yong Jaw Chuen , Mohd Yusoff Nurulnadia , Jaafar Izan , Wan Rasdi Wan Nurul Nadiah , Mazlan Nurzafirah , Muhammad Husin Miftahul Jannah , Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira , Anual Zurahanim Fasha , Chen Mengli , Ab Wahid Marfiah
Published: May 2021

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak was reported for the first time in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. This coronavirus has been referred as Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). The spread of COVID-19 has become unstoppable, infecting around 93.5 million people worldwide, with the infections and deaths still increasing. Today, the entire planet has changed due to the greatest threat on the planet since the introduction of this lethal disease. This pandemic has left the world in turmoil and various measures have been taken by many countries including movement control order or lockdown, to slow down or mitigate the infection. Since the lockdown has been implemented almost in all affected countries, there has been a significant reduction in anthropogenic activity, including a reduction in industrial operations, vehicle numbers, and marine-related activities. All of these changes have also led to some unexpected environmental consequences. As a result of this lockdown, it had a positive and negative impact on the environment including the aquatic environment. Hence this review will therefore focus on the good and bad perspectives of the lockdown toward the aquatic environment.
Wellness Constraints Among International University Students Transitioning Through Covid 19
Authors: Et. al. Mr J Dorasamy,
Published: May 2021

The World Health Organization (Who) In March 2020 Declared Covid 19 A Pandemic, Due To The  Global And Rapid Spread Of A Novel Coronavirus (Who, 2020). The Covid 19 Pandemic Being Highly Infectious And Unpredictable, Has  Disrupted  Social, Economic, Environmental And Political Spheres Of Life. Globally, People Have Ventured Into A “Lockdown World”, Increasing Uncertainty About Their Future Amidst The Covid 19 Pandemic. As A Result Of The Pandemic, Social Alteration Has Taken The Form Of Social Distancing, Self-Isolation And Self-Quarantine.  Many Were Unprepared For The Shift From The “Normal”, Propelling  Undue  Stress Under The New Normal Way Of Doing Things During The Current Global Pandemic Crisis. This Has Been Accompanied By Social, Emotional And Mental Effects, As The Ongoing And Fluid Nature Of The Pandemic Has Created Uncertainty For Many People. The Covid 19 Pandemic, As A Multidimensional Stressor Affecting Wellbeing, Has Affected Individuals, Families, Educational, Occupational, And Broader Societal Systems.
A Framework Of Big Data As Service Platform For Access Control & Privacy Protection Using Blockchain Network
Authors: Et. al. Santosh Kumar Sharma,
Published: May 2021

Big Data As A Service Is Used In Today’s Scenario To Handle And Process The Big Amount Of Data Which Are Generated From Different Source Every Day. Since Data Is Stored On The Cloud Platform, The System Could Suffer A Failure And Give Attackers The Opportunity To Launch Various Categories Of Attacks.Manyresearcheshave Been Done In This Domain To Provide Security And Protection To The Data On Cloud. The Blockchain Technology Is A Secure, Distributed And Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Ledger Where The Transactions Are Flexible, Secure,Verifiable And Permanent Way.Here, The Transaction Data Is Encrypted Andkept In A Wrapped Block (I.E., Record) Which Are Spreadthrough The N/W In A Provable And Unabashedmode Across The Entire Network To Enhance Information Security And Data Privacy. In This Paperwe Have Proposed A Framework For An Access Control With Privacy Protection In Bdaas Based On Blockchain  Technology. Here Blockchain Technology Is Used Only For Storing The Transaction Log Information Whenever Any Kind Of Event Log Occurred In System.
Information aspect of investigative activities
Authors: Korma V. D.
Published: May 2021

The detailed improvement of the proof process is related to the theoretical understanding of the complex relationships between the occurrence of information about crimes, the tactics of obtaining them, and the procedural nature of judicial evidence. In recent years, forensic information and its types have increasingly become the subject of research in the field of criminal procedure, criminology and operational investigative activities. Analysis of their content shows that there are General methodological problems in defining the concept and understanding the essence of forensic information, its types as a means of fighting crime. To date, there is no clear understanding of the concepts of “forensic information” or “criminally significant information”, “evidentiary information”, “investigative information”, “operational-search information”, “orientation information” in criminal proceedings, criminalistics and the theory of operational-search activity. The technological features of information processes that are the basis of cognitive activity aimed at solving crimes are not sufficiently covered. The diversity of approaches or their absence in the understanding of these categories negatively affects both research and practical activities to identify, solve and investigate crimes. In this perspective, the specified definition is considered comprehensively.
On the tasks of the department of criminalistics in modern conditions
Authors: Ishchenko E. P.
Published: May 2021

The current state of Russian jurisprudence can be assessed as satisfactory, but not good or excellent. It depends on many factors, but most of all on the results of legislative activity, which leaves much to be desired. The root of the evil here is seen in the low quality of law-making, as well as in the blatant instability of the current legislation, whatever its branch we take. The majority of our legislators are random people who, for one reason or another, are among the deputies of the State Duma or members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Legal education, they usually don’t have a legislative technique not know the fate of the country and its citizens are concerned, not always, that in the context of the global economic crisis, pandemic coronavirus COVID-19 and other global disasters is extremely dangerous in its consequences. Social life multiplies the challenges. Today, more than ever before, we need the ability to think, objectively analyze what is happening, cheer for the Motherland, do not forget about honor and conscience, both while studying at the University and in practice. This is what will greatly contribute to strengthening the legal profession, increasing its prestige and significance in the life of society and the state, and will help determine the optimal criteria for the formation of the personality of a highly qualified lawyer — a graduate of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL).
Tactical interrogation techniques for extremist crimes committed on the internet
Authors: Gaivoronskaya A. A. , Kholopova E. N.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of tactical techniques for conducting interrogations on extremist crimes committed on the Internet. The Internet space acts as a social environment that is congruent (attractive) for adherents of extremist activities, where their leading characteristic is a focus on atypical, non — normative, asocial behavior. Tactical interrogation techniques create conditions for obtaining evidence about the circumstances of the case: whether there was a call to violence, whether violence is justified, what is the content of the materials presented in the network, what means (posters, leaflets, etc.) were used. When conducting an interrogation, the use of psychological influence techniques makes it easier to obtain criminally significant information. For individuals who commit crimes of extremist orientation, taking into account the typification of personal characteristics (idealistic, adventurers, non-normative), some effective tactics are described (egress to emotions, naked aggression, exchange of positions, intervention of an authoritative third, etc.) with an approximate list of questions. Techniques are designed to achieve mutual understanding between the investigator and the interrogated, in which the latter, regardless of the current situation, cooperates with the investigator and provides information about the circumstances of the case without distortion or concealment.
Tactical and methodological basis of investigative inspection and purpose of expertise in relation to a paper document
Authors: Zhizhina M. V.
Published: May 2021

Documents are an essential element of any information system functioning in society: social, economic, political, technical. Different types of information are materialized in different documents, which at present can be paper-based or electronic. Despite the fact that the modern state and its citizens are more and more “digitalized”, the traditional paper document does not lose its position, being the main form of consolidating both legal relations and human thoughts. Accordingly, it is he who is of utmost importance in proving the factual circumstances of the commission of crimes. A “paper” document can be the object of research of a number of examinations, which are far from being limited to traditional forensic ones, but are widely supplemented by other judicial ones. Each of them makes its own requirements for the documents, both the carriers of the direct object of research, and other materials necessary for the effective solution of the expert problem in order to establish the factual circumstances of the crime under investigation. In this regard, we consider it necessary to consider the tactical and methodological foundations of the examination of the document and the further appointment of examinations, taking into account their modern capabilities.