bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNUSUAL WAY OF REACTION OF 3-AMINO-4-(5-CHLOROMETHYL-1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE-3-YL)-FURAZAN WITH HYDRAZINE
Authors: Stepanova Elena V. , Stepanov Andrei I.
Published: May 2017

The results of our study of the pathways of selective reactivity of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan versus 5-unsubstituted or 5-methyl and 5-trifluoromethyl substituted 4-(5R-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazans (R = H, Me, CF3) towards the action of hydrazine are discussed. If the reductive opening of 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring in unsubstituted at the С-5 atom (1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan derivatives under the treatment with hydrazine can be used as a method for the preparation of a range of amidrazones of 4-R-furazan-3-carboxylic acid. 3-amino-4-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine gives amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid. 3-amino-4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) furazan is inert to the action of hydrazine, on the contrary the reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine leads to oxidation of chloromethyl group of titled compound to the carbonyl one. In this case the product of reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine was isolated in a form of corresponding hydrazonomethyl derivative notably as 3-amino-4-(5-hydrazonomethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of hydrazonomethyl group by oxidation reaction of chloromethyl group by hydrazine is proposed. 3-Amino-4-(5-hydrazonomethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan undergoes a transhydrazination reaction with semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide. But our attempts to its hydrolysis for the purpose to obtain free aldehyde were unsuccessful. Thus, hydrolysis of hydrazonomethyl derivative in acetic acid in the presence of catalytic amount of sulfuric acid results in azine – N,N'-bis(3-(4-aminofurazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethylyden)hydrazine – precipitation, long-duration boiling in hydrochloric acid leads to Kishner-Wolff reduction of the carbonyl group to 3-amino-4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan, and hydrolysis in alkaline medium leads to 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring opening to amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid. Synthesis of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan (R = CH2Cl) was carried out by condensation of amidoxime of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid with an excess of chloroacetyl chloride in toluene at elevated temperature. The reaction proceeds through formation of intermediate product – 3-chloromethylamino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan. Removing of N-chloroacetyl group in such obtained intermediate was performed by hydrolysis in acidic media. One-pot synthesis without the need for isolation and purification of intermediate is allowed. The structures of obtained compounds were proved by modern methods of physical-chemical analysis (1H, 13C NMR, IR and MS spectroscopy).Forcitation:Stepanova E.V., Stepanov A.I. Unusual way of reaction of 3-amino-4-(5-chloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)furazan with hydrazine. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 26-32.
CONVERSION CALCIUM CARBONATE AS FILLER OF THERMOPLASTICS
Authors: Rudakova Lyudmila V. , Niftaliev Sabukhi I. , Natarova Ekaterina S.
Published: May 2017

X-ray and laser diffraction methods were used to determine basic physical and chemical properties of conversion calcium carbonate. It was found that for obtaining standard product for use as a filler, it is necessary to regrind it. The results of dispersion changes in conversion chalk (chalk stone) were expressed in terms of median (D50), maximum (D98) and minimum (D10) particle size. It was established that during the grinding process a transition occurs from the initial odiomodal distribution to the bimodal distribution, which is characterized by a sufficiently wide range of the sizes of the particles of the crushed material. The optimum parameters of grinding were determined. With the help of SEM method, used before and after grinding of conversion calcium carbonate, it was established that the particles of primary material are represented by polycrystalline dense aggregates of spherical shape, due to mass crystallization of calcium carbonate at the condition of high supersaturation according to polynuclear growth mechanism. The component composition of water-soluble impurities was quantitatively estimated on the basis of the determination of the content of nitrate N-NO3- and ammonium N-NH4+ forms of nitrogen in various forms of presence-total, bound, water-soluble, and additional determination of the Ca2+ content of calcium ions in aqueous extract. It has been experimentally established that preliminary heat treatment of conversion calcium carbonate allows to significantly reduce the total content of water-soluble substances in the ground product by more than 5 times: at a temperature of 400 ° C, the degree of removal by NH4+ and NO3- ions is ~ 40-50%, and at 500 ° C - ~ 60% for NO3- and ~ 90% for NH4+. The estimation of the possibility of using the obtained product as a filler of polymer composite materials was done comparing the main parameters (CIELab  (W and L) color characteristics, bulk density, dispersed composition, specific surface, pH of aqueous extract) with known finely ground natural chalk and microcalcite. Forcitation:Rudakova L.V., Niftaliev S.I., Natarova E.S. Conversion calcium carbonate as filler of thermoplastics. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 100-107.
INTERACTION OF NICOTINIC ACID WITH L-PHENYLALANINE IN BUFFER SOLUTIONS: HEAT CAPACITY AND VOLUME PROPERTIES STUDY
Authors: Tyunina Elena Yu. , Badelin Valentin G. , Egorkina Valentina S.
Published: May 2017

Thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of multicomponent aqueous solutions containing biologically active solutes are important in various areas of applied chemistry and are essential for understanding the chemistry of biological systems. Interactions between nicotinic acid (NA) and L-phenylalanine (Phe) were studied in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions (pH=7.35) by differential scanning calorimetry and volume methods. Heat capacities and densities of nicotinic acid-buffer, L-phenylalanine-buffer, and nicotinic acid-L-phenylalanine-buffer mixtures were determined at T=(288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K using the microdifferential scanning calorimeter SCAL-1 (Pushchino, Russia) and the density meter DSA 5000 M (Anton Paar). The apparent molar heat capacities (fCp) and apparent molar volumes (Vφ,NA) of nicotinic acid in buffer solution and in buffer 0.0120 mol×kg-1 amino acid solutions were evaluated. The concentration of NA was varied from (0.0079 to 0.036) mol×kg-1. The first and second differentials values were determined for NA in an aqueous buffer solution and for NA in an aqueous amino acid buffer solution. The interaction of NA with Phe is accompanied by complex formation. NA molecules in an aqueous buffer solution are water structure breakers, then the structure breaking effects of NA decrease as a result of interactions with Phe molecules during the complex formation in an aqueous amino acid buffer solution. The results were discussed in terms of various interactions taking place in this system.Forcitation:Tyunina E.Yu., Badelin V.G., Egorkina V.S. Interaction of nicotinic acid with L-phenylalanine in buffer solutions: heat capacity and volume properties study. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 33-39.
Intracellular uptake of macromolecules by brain lymphatic endothelial cells during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: van Lessen Max , Shibata-Germanos Shannon , van Impel Andreas , Hawkins Thomas A , Rihel Jason , Schulte-Merker Stefan
Published: May 2017

The lymphatic system controls fluid homeostasis and the clearance of macromolecules from interstitial compartments. In mammals brain lymphatics were only recently discovered, with significant implications for physiology and disease. We examined zebrafish for the presence of brain lymphatics and found loosely connected endothelial cells with lymphatic molecular signature covering parts of the brain without forming endothelial tubular structures. These brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) derive from venous endothelium, are distinct from macrophages, and are sensitive to loss of Vegfc. BLECs endocytose macromolecules in a selective manner, which can be blocked by injection of mannose receptor ligands. This first report on brain lymphatic endothelial cells in a vertebrate embryo identifies cells with unique features, including the uptake of macromolecules at a single cell level. Future studies will address whether this represents an uptake mechanism that is conserved in mammals and how these cells affect functions of the embryonic and adult brain.
The evolution of gene regulation
Authors: Hinman Veronica , Cary Gregory
Published: May 2017

The gene regulation mechanisms necessary for the development of complex multicellular animals have been found in sponges.
A Low-Intensity Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT Lite) Program Delivered by Community Mental Health Providers
Authors: Naeem Farooq , Pikard Jennifer , Ayub Muhammad , Munshi Tariq
Published: May 2017

The availability of publicly funded psychological therapy for people with mental health challenges is limited in Canada and elsewhere despite evidence supporting its clinical and social benefits. We report on a pilot program of such therapy, presenting its salient features, lessons learned, and future prospects.
Neutral wind and density perturbations in the thermosphere created by gravity waves observed by the TIDDBIT sounder
Authors: Vadas Sharon L. , Crowley Geoff
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we study the 10 traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) observed at zobs∼283 km by the TIDDBIT ionospheric sounder on 30 October 2007 at 0400–0700 UT near Wallops Island, USA. These TIDs propagated northwest/northward and were previously found to be secondary gravity waves (GWs) from tropical storm Noel. An instrumented sounding rocket simultaneously measured a large neutral wind peak
with a similar azimuth at z ∼ 325 km. Using the measured TID amplitudes and wave vectors from the TIDDBIT system, together with ion‐neutral theory, GW dissipative polarization relations and ray tracing, we determine the GW neutral horizontal wind and density perturbations as a function of altitude from 220 to 380 km. We find that there is a serious discrepancy between the GW dissipative theory and the observations unless the molecular viscosity, μ, decreases with altitude in the middle to upper thermosphere. Assuming that
, where
is the density, we find using GW dissipative theory that the GWs could have been observed at zobs and that one or more of the GWs could have caused the
wind peak at z≃325 km if q ∼ 0.67 for z≥220 km. This implies that the kinematic viscosity,
, increases less rapidly with altitude for z≥220 km:
. This dependence makes sense because as
, the distance between molecules goes to infinity, which implies no molecular collisions and therefore no molecular viscosity μ.
Effect of CT image size and resolution on the accuracy of rock property estimates
Authors: Bazaikin Y. , Gurevich B. , Iglauer S. , Khachkova T. , Kolyukhin D. , Lebedev M. , Lisitsa V. , Reshetova G.
Published: May 2017

In order to study the effect of the micro‐CT scan resolution and size on the accuracy of upscaled digital rock property estimation of core samples Bentheimer sandstone images with the resolution varying from 0.9 μm to 24 μm are used. We statistically show that the correlation length of the pore‐to‐matrix distribution can be reliably determined for the images with the resolution finer than 9 voxels per correlation length and the representative volume for this property is about 153 correlation length. Similar resolution values for the statistically representative volume are also valid for the estimation of the total porosity, specific surface area, mean curvature, and topology of the pore space. Only the total porosity and the number of isolated pores are stably recovered, whereas geometry and the topological measures of the pore space are strongly affected by the resolution change. We also simulate fluid flow in the pore space and estimate permeability and tortuosity of the sample. The results demonstrate that the representative volume for the transport property calculation should be greater than 50 correlation lengths of pore‐to‐matrix distribution. On the other hand, permeability estimation based on the statistical analysis of equivalent realizations shows some weak influence of the resolution on the transport properties. The reason for this might be that the characteristic scale of the particular physical processes may affect the result stronger than the model (image) scale.
Springtime extreme moisture transport into the Arctic and its impact on sea ice concentration
Authors: Yang Wenchang , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: May 2017

Recent studies suggest that springtime moisture transport into the Arctic can initiate sea ice melt that extends to a large area in the following summer and fall, which can help explain Arctic sea ice interannual variability. Yet the impact from an individual moisture transport event, especially the extreme ones, is unclear on synoptic to intraseasonal time scales and this is the focus of the current study. Springtime extreme moisture transport into the Arctic from a daily data set is found to be dominant over Atlantic longitudes. Lag composite analysis shows that these extreme events are accompanied by a substantial sea ice concentration reduction over the Greenland‐Barents‐Kara Seas that lasts around a week. Surface air temperature also becomes anomalously high over these seas and cold to the west of Greenland as well as over the interior Eurasian continent. The blocking weather regime over the North Atlantic is mainly responsible for the extreme moisture transport, occupying more than 60% of the total extreme days, while the negative North Atlantic Oscillation regime is hardly observed at all during the extreme transport days. These extreme moisture transport events appear to be preceded by eastward propagating large‐scale tropical convective forcing by as long as 2 weeks but with great uncertainty due to lack of statistical significance.
MicroRNA profiling in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis—a pilot study
Authors: Saito Akira , Horie Masafumi , Ejiri Kenichiro , Aoki Akira , Katagiri Sayaka , Maekawa Shogo , Suzuki Shinta , Kong Sophannary , Yamauchi Tsuneto , Yamaguchi Yoko , Izumi Yuichi , Ohshima Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2017

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the interface of teeth and surrounding tissues. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an exudate of the periodontal tissues and can be collected from the gap between the tooth and gum (gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket) with paper strips. Testing of GCF is a low‐cost and minimally invasive procedure. In a variety of diseases, microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids are implicated in pathogenesis, and are suggested as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we profiled miRNAs in GCF (two chronic periodontitis, one aggressive periodontitis, and five healthy subjects) using miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT microRNA PCR System, which yielded quantitative measures of more than 600 miRNAs. Through this analysis, we found that miRNA profiles in GCF of periodontitis patients are distinct from those of healthy controls. We further selected 40 miRNAs and confirmed their differential expression patterns in different subjects (five chronic periodontitis, one aggressive periodontitis, and six healthy subjects) using a custom miRNA PCR panel. This is the first demonstration of miRNA profiling in GCF and its alteration in periodontitis. Our findings suggest that a subset of miRNAs in GCF holds potential as a biomarker for periodontitis.
AAPMmedical physics practice guideline 6.a.: Performance characteristics of radiation dose index monitoring systems
Authors: Gress Dustin A. , Dickinson Renee L. , Erwin William D. , Jordan David W. , Kobistek Robert J. , Stevens Donna M. , Supanich Mark P. , Wang Jia , Fairobent Lynne A.
Published: May 2017

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education and professional practice of medical physics. TheAAPMhas more than 8,000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the United States.

TheAAPMwill periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner.

Each medical physics practice guideline represents a policy statement by theAAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guidelines and technical standards by those entities not providing these services is not authorized.

The following terms are used in the AAPM practice guidelines:

•Must and Must Not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline.

•Should and Should Not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
Robust input‐output finite‐time filtering for uncertain Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partially known transition probabilities
Authors: Ren Hangli , Zong Guangdeng
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the robust input‐output finite‐time filtering problem is addressed for a class of uncertain Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partially known transition probabilities. Here, the disturbances, uncertainties, state delay, and distributed delays are all taken into account. Both the stochastic finite‐time boundedness and the stochastic input‐output finite‐time stability are introduced to the Markovian jump nonlinear systems with partially known transition probabilities. By constructing a reasonable stochastic Lyapunov functional and using linear matrix inequality techniques, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the filtering error systems are stochastic finite‐time bounded and stochastic input‐output finite‐time stable, respectively. Finally, 2 examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Micropatterned Protein for Cell Adhesion through Phototriggered Charge Change in a Polyvinylpyrrolidone Hydrogel
Authors: Ming Zunzhen , Ruan Xing , Bao Chunyan , Lin Qiuning , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong
Published: May 2017

Regulated immobilization of proteins on hydrogels allows for the creation of highly controlled microenvironments to meet the special requirements of cell biology and tissue engineering devices. Light is an ideal stimulus to regulate immobilization because it can be controlled in time, space, and intensity. Here, a photoresponsive hydrogel that enables the patterning of proteins by a combination of electrostatic adsorption and photoregulated charge change on a hydrogel is developed. It is based on a photosensitive cationic monomer (CLA), a coumarin caged lysine betaine zwitterion, incorporated into a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel, which can controllably change the charge from an adhesive positive state to an anti‐adhesive zwitterion state upon irradiation at 365 nm. With this strategy, the immobilization of proteins is regulated and cell adhesion is programmed on hydrogels on demand. This approach should open up new avenues for hydrogels in biomedical applications.
Self‐Assembled Au/CdSe Nanocrystal Clusters for Plasmon‐Mediated Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shi Run , Cao Yinhu , Bao Yanjun , Zhao Yufei , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Fang Zheyu , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Yin Yadong , Zhang Tierui
Published: May 2017

Plasmon‐mediated photocatalytic systems generally suffer from poor efficiency due to weak absorption overlap and thus limited energy transfer between the plasmonic metal and the semiconductor. Herein, a near‐ideal plasmon‐mediated photocatalyst system is developed. Au/CdSe nanocrystal clusters (NCs) are successfully fabricated through a facile emulsion‐based self‐assembly approach, containing Au nanoparticles (NPs) of size 2.8, 4.6, 7.2, or 9.0 nm and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) of size ≈3.3 nm. Under visible‐light irradiation, the Au/CdSe NCs with 7.2 nm Au NPs afford very stable operation and a remarkable H2‐evolution rate of (10× higher than bare CdSe NCs). Plasmon resonance energy transfer from the Au NPs to the CdSe QDs, which enhances charge‐carrier generation in the semiconductor and suppresses bulk recombination, is responsible for the outstanding photocatalytic performance. The approach used here to fabricate the Au/CdSe NCs is suitable for the construction of other plasmon‐mediated photocatalysts.
Asymmetric [4+1] Cycloadditions of N‐Thioacylimines and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Li Chao , Jiang Kun , Liu Tian‐Yu , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: May 2017

An asymmetric [4+1] cycloaddition reaction of N‐thioacylimines, generated in situ from α‐amido sulfones, and sulfur ylides bearing a d‐camphor scaffold, is reported. The enantiocontrol was significantly improved by adding catalytic amounts of (R)‐1,1′‐bi(2‐naphthol), furnishing a spectrum of 2‐alkylthio‐4,5‐dihydrothiazoles in modest to high yields with moderate to excellent stereoselectivity (>19:1 dr, up to 98% ee).

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Nanoionics‐Enabled Memristive Devices: Strategies and Materials for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Wang Laiyuan , Nagai Masaru , Xie Linghai , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei
Published: May 2017

Memristors have been intensively studied in recent years as potential building blocks for the construction of versatile neuromorphic architectures. The prevalent developments focus on nanoionic devices due to their ease of reversible regulation, non‐volatility, scalability down to the atomic level, low‐energy consumption, nanosecond response times, sufficient yield and reliability, as well as their homologous regulatory mechanisms with biological synapses. However, despite their desirable structures and excellent properties, the previously reported properties of nanoionic devices are rather diverse and dissatisfactory for the delivery of reliable analog properties, which is the precondition for the imitation of brain‐like functions. Here, the general requirements of neuromorphic engineering in terms of device structure, characterization parameters, synaptic functions and device engineering are introduced. A critical overview of the proposed nanoionic mechanisms for memristive switching is given, focusing particularly on providing fundamental insights into the strategies for regulating the adaptive memristive characteristics of devices that resemble the behaviors of biological synapses, which is an element of neural networks. In addition, the research progress in active materials (e.g., oxides, polymers, small molecules, bio‐macromolecules and dopants), especially regarding the correlation among materials, is elaborated and a rational approach to provide insight into new design strategies is considered, and how to understand the memristor mechanisms and further achieve excellent memristive devices is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and several possible future research directions in this area are discussed.
An Initial Review of the Status of Electrode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pramudita James C. , Sehrawat Divya , Goonetilleke Damian , Sharma Neeraj
Published: May 2017

The status of room‐temperature potassium‐ion batteries is reviewed in light of recent concerns regarding the rising cost of lithium and the fact that room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries have yet to be commercialised thus far. Initial reports of potassium‐ion cells appear promising given the infancy of the research area. This review presents not only an overview of the current potassium‐ion battery literature, but also attempts to provide context by describing previous developments in lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries and the electrochemical reaction mechanisms discovered thus far. Perspectives and directions on the techniques available to characterize newly developed battery materials are also provided based on our experience and knowledge from the literature. It is hoped that through this review, the potential of potassium‐ion batteries as a competitive energy‐storage technology will be realised, and the accessibility and available knowledge of the techniques required to develop the technology will be made apparent.
Defect‐Engineered Ultrathin δ‐MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays as Bifunctional Electrodes for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Chang Chao , Teng Fei , Zhao Yufei , Chen Guangbo , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Huang Weifeng , Zhang Tierui
Published: May 2017

Recently, defect engineering has been used to intruduce half‐metallicity into selected semiconductors, thereby significantly enhancing their electrical conductivity and catalytic/electrocatalytic performance. Taking inspiration from this, we developed a novel bifunctional electrode consisting of two monolayer thick manganese dioxide (δ‐MnO2) nanosheet arrays on a nickel foam, using a novel in‐situ method. The bifunctional electrode exposes numerous active sites for electrocatalytic rections and displays excellent electrical conductivity, resulting in strong performance for both HER and OER. Based on detailed structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the remarkably OER and HER activity of the bifunctional electrode can be attributed to the ultrathin δ‐MnO2 nanosheets containing abundant oxygen vacancies lead to the formation od Mn3+ active sites, which give rise to half‐metallicity properties and strong H2O adsorption. This synthetic strategy introduced here represents a new method for the development of non‐precious metal Mn‐based electrocatalysts for eddicient energy conversion.
KTi2(PO4)3 with Large Ion Diffusion Channel for High‐Efficiency Sodium Storage
Authors: Sheng Jinzhi , Peng Chen , Xu Yanan , Lyu Haoying , Xu Xu , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: May 2017

To accommodate the decreasing lithium resource and ensure continuous development of energy storage industry, sodium‐based batteries are widely studied to inherit the next generation of energy storage devices. In this work, a novel Na super ionic conductor type KTi2(PO4)3/carbon nanocomposite is designed and fabricated as sodium storage electrode materials, which exhibits considerable reversible capacity (104 mAh g−1 under the rate of 1 C with flat voltage plateaus at ≈2.1 V), high‐rate cycling stability (74.2% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 20 C), and ultrahigh rate capability (76 mAh g−1 at 100 C) in sodium ion batteries. Besides, the maximum ability for sodium storage is deeply excavated by further investigations about different voltage windows in half and full sodium ion cells. Meanwhile, as cathode material in sodium‐magnesium hybrid batteries, the KTi2(PO4)3/carbon nanocomposite also displays good electrochemical performances (63 mAh g−1 at the 230th cycle under the voltage window of 1.0–1.9 V). The results demonstrate that the KTi2(PO4)3/carbon nanocomposite is a promising electrode material for sodium ion storage, and lay theoretical foundations for the development of new type of batteries.
Temperature and Electrical Poling Effects on Ionic Motion in MAPbI3 Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Bruno Annalisa , Cortecchia Daniele , Chin Xin Yu , Fu Kunwu , Boix Pablo P. , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Soci Cesare
Published: May 2017

Despite their excellent power conversion efficiency, MAPbI3 solar cells exhibit strong hysteresis that hinders reliable device operation. Herein it is shown that ionic motion is the dominant mechanism underlying hysteresis of MAPbI3 solar cells by studying the effects of electrical poling in different temperature ranges. Complete suppression of the hysteresis below 170 K is consistent with temperature activated diffusion of I− anions and/or the motion of the MA+ cations. Ionic motion has important effect on the overall efficiency of the MAPbI3 solar cells: the initial decrease of the power conversion efficiency while lowering the operating temperature is recovered and even enhanced up to 20% of its original value by applying an electrical poling. The open circuit voltage significantly increases and the current density fully recovers due to the reduction of the electron extraction barrier at the TiO2/MAPbI3 interface driven by the charge accumulation at the interface. Moreover, beside TiO2/MAPbI3 interfacial charge transfer, charge transport in TiO2 strongly affects the photovoltaic performance, as revealed by MAPbI3/ms‐TiO2 field effect transistors. These results establish the basis to develop effective strategies to mitigate operational instability of perovskites solar cells.
High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Asymmetric Pairing of Ions
Authors: Ryu Hanjun , Lee Ju‐Hyuck , Kim Tae‐Yun , Khan Usman , Lee Jeong Hwan , Kwak Sung Soo , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: May 2017

In general, various kinds of surface modifications are utilized to enhance the power output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), but they typically have limited stability. Here, a new strategy of adding electrolytes with asymmetric ion pairing to polymer friction layers of TENGs is introduced in order to enhance their triboelectric property. Indeed, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements show that an addition of phosphoric acid (H3PO4 ), an electrolyte with more cations than anions, to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can make it one of the most negative triboelectric materials; whereas, an addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2 ), an electrolyte with more anions than cations, to PVA can make it one of the most positive triboelectric materials. Furthermore, the TENGs based on such solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) produce significantly higher power output than typical metal‐polymer TENGs. Due to these unique features, SPEs are a promising triboelectric material for realizing high‐performance TENGs for self‐powered small electronics.
Polyethyleneimine‐grafted membranes for simultaneously adsorbing heavy metal ions and rejecting suspended particles in wastewater
Authors: Ruan Xuehua , Xu Yan , Liao Xuhang , He Gaohong , Yan Xiaoming , Dai Yan , Zhang Ning , Du Lin
Published: May 2017

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) in wastewater can be removed by polyethyleneimine (PEI) adsorption, however, it is difficult to recycle PEI macromolecules from their mixture with suspended particles in wastewater. A novel HMIs adsorption technique with renewable PEI‐grafted porous membranes was developed. PEI molecules were dispersed with high specific area and structured morphology, which allowed HMIs and suspended particles to be retained separately at different locations of the membrane, with the former adsorbed in matrix and the latter rejected on surface. The membranes with the optimized PEI loading ratio of 30 k wt % behaved excellently with microsphere rejection and Co(II) adsorption reaching 98.5% and 51.0 mg/g, respectively. They successfully decreased Co(II) concentration from 3.0 mg/L to the allowable discharge standard (0.5 mg/L), even with an enhanced flux of 6200 L/m2/h at 0.12 MPa under the cyclic tests. Overall, PEI‐grafted membrane adsorption is highly efficient for removing HMIs and suspended particles simultaneously from wastewater. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4541–4548, 2017
Allergic sinusitis and severe asthma caused by occupational exposure to locust bean gum: Case report
Authors: Hawley Brie , Cummings Kristin J. , Mohammed Mohammed , Dimmock Anne E. , Bascom Rebecca
Published: May 2017

We present a case that highlights the difficulties with diagnosis and the dangers of occupational allergic sinusitis and asthma left unrecognized. We describe the case history of a man who experienced work‐related symptoms 1 year after beginning work as a cheesemaker at a creamery, and whose respiratory symptoms progressively worsened over 16 years before an occupational cause of his asthma was identified. His initial discrete episodes of sinusitis and acute bronchitis evolved into persistent asthma of increasing severity with exacerbations requiring repeated emergency room treatment. The case described in our report emphasizes the importance of clinician diagnosis of OA, and subsequent removal from exposure, such that asthma severity does not progress to near‐fatal or fatal asthma in the sensitized worker. As demonstrated by this case report, identification of an occupational cause of asthma relies on a high degree of suspicion and excellent detective work by the clinician.
Male child with somatic mosaic Osteopathia Striata with Cranial Sclerosis caused by a novel pathogenic AMER1 frameshift mutation
Authors: Hague Jennifer , Delon Isabelle , Brugger Kim , Martin Howard , Sparnon Leanne , Simonic Ingrid , Abbs Stephen , Park Soo‐Mi
Published: May 2017

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS; OMIM #300373) is a rare X‐linked dominant condition caused by mutations in the AMER1 gene (also known as WTX or FAM123B). It is a condition which usually affects females in whom the clinical phenotype can be extremely variable. Conversely affected males typically die in utero or during the neonatal period [Perdu et al. (); Clinical Genetics 80: 383‐388; Vasiljevic et al. (); Prenatal Diagnosis 35: 302‐304]. There have been a small number of reported cases of surviving males, including three patients who are somatic mosaic for the condition [Chénier, Noor, Dupuis, Stavropoulos, & Mendoza‐Londono, (); American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 158A: 2946‐2952; Holman et al. (); American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 155A: 2397‐2408; Joseph, Shoji, & Econs, (); The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95: 1506‐1507]. We report a case of a male child who has proven somatic mosaicism for OSCS associated with a novel pathogenic frameshift mutation, c.607_611delAGGCC (p.Arg203 fs) in AMER1. We describe the multisystemic clinical features which include macrocephaly with ventriculomegaly and requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunt, cleft palate, and respiratory difficulties after birth requiring tracheostomy insertion, persistent patent ductus arteriosus, failure to thrive and gastrostomy insertion, growth retardation, ophthalmoplegia, kidney malformation, cryptorchidism, and developmental delay. The use of new technologies with next generation sequencing (NGS) may improve the detection rate of mosaicism in rare conditions.
Recurrent ATP2A2 p.(Pro602Leu) mutation differentiates Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf from the allelic condition Darier disease
Authors: Ronan Anne , Ingrey Angela , Murray Natalia , Chee Paul
Published: May 2017

Darier disease and Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) are rare disorders of keratinization with autosomal dominant inheritance and very distinct clinical pictures. Both have been shown to be caused by mutations in ATP2A2 (ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow‐twitch) a gene encoding one of the SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2) intracellular pumps with a crucial role in cell‐to‐cell adhesion in both skin and heart. While hundreds of different missense and nonsense mutations cause Darier disease, only one missense mutation, p.(Pro602Leu), has been identified in families with AKV. We report a family with AKV due to the p.(Pro602Leu) mutation and discuss implications for this recurrent mutation on knowledge of ATP2A2 structure and function.
Variation of para Substituent on 2‐Phenol of Tetraaryl‐Substituted Imidazole‐Boron Difluoride Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Mukundam Vanga , Dhanunjayarao Kunchala , Samal Sanket , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: May 2017

Five N,O‐chelated boron complexes (i.e., 3 a–3 e) were prepared by treating imidazole precursors with BF3⋅Et2O. These imidazole derivatives were prepared from an arylboronic acid and 4‐bromo‐2‐(1,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)phenol. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 3 a–3 c and 3 e revealed that the phenyl rings bonded to the imidazole are severely twisted, but the interplanar angle of the biphenyl group is approximately 24°. The complexes were characterized by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations. The complexes exhibited moderate quantum yields when excited at the absorption maximum, and their fluorescence and UV/vis absorption spectra show large Stokes shifts relative to those of boron‐dipyrromethene compounds. Notably, two emission bands were observed for 3 a–3 d in the solid state. Powder XRD analysis and solid‐state emission studies of as‐prepared, ground, and fumed samples were used to reveal the origin of this dual emission.
Nickel‐catalyzed oxidative esterification of formamides with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Saberi Dariush , Poorsadeghi Samira
Published: May 2017

Synthesis of enol carbamates was achieved via nickel‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of formamides with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide at 40 °C. Various derivatives of enol carbamates were synthesized by this method in good to excellent yields.
Multifunctional Free‐Standing Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Carbon Nanofiber Interlayers for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Choi Sinho , Song Jianjun , Wang Chengyin , Park Soojin , Wang Guoxiu
Published: May 2017

Free‐standing trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate gel polymer electrolyte is synthesized by a chemical cross‐linking process and used as an electrolyte and separator membrane in lithium‐sulfur batteries. The cross linked gel polymer electrolyte also exhibited a stable geometric size retention of 95 % at the high temperature of 130 °C. The as‐prepared gel polymer electrolyte membrane with carbon nanofibers interlayer can effectively prevent polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effect, leading to significantly enhanced electrochemical properties, including high capacity and cycling stability, with an enhanced specific capacity of 790 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles.
Combining binomial test data via two‐stage solutions
Authors: Myhre Janet , Jeske Daniel R. , Li Jun , Hansen Anne M.
Published: May 2017

A commonly occurring problem in reliability testing is how to combine pass/fail test data that is collected from disparate environments. We have worked with colleagues in aerospace engineering for a number of years where two types of test environments in use are ground tests and flight tests. Ground tests are less expensive and consequently more numerous. Flight tests are much less frequent, but directly reflect the actual usage environment. We discuss a relatively simple combining approach that realizes the benefit of a larger sample size by using ground test data, but at the same time accounts for the difference between the two environments. We compare our solution with what look like more sophisticated approaches to the problem in order to calibrate its limitations. Overall, we find that our proposed solution is robust to its inherent assumptions, which explains its usefulness in practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brandschutzbemessung aussteifender Stahlrahmen
Authors: Hollmann Dirk
Published: May 2017

Gemäß Eurocode DIN EN 1993‐1‐2 erfolgt die Brandschutzbemessung von Stahlkonstruktionen allgemein am Einzelbauteil, an einem Teiltragwerk oder am Gesamttragwerk. Die Norm erlaubt den Nachweis des Feuerwiderstands bei Normbrandeinwirkung gemäß Einheitstemperaturzeitkurve am Bauteil. Diese Vorgehensweise ist bei den Standardfällen von Balken und Stützen in ausreichend ausgesteiften Gesamtsystemen zweifelsohne nachvollziehbar. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, inwiefern ein Nachweis am (Einzel‐)Bauteil auch für Stahlrahmen mit aussteifender Wirkung auf sicherer Seite liegt. Im Beitrag wird dieser Frage nachgegangen und ein Rahmensystem mit angehängten Pendelstützen untersucht. Die thermische Analyse für die Einzelbauteile mit Brandschutzbekleidungen wird auf Basis der thermischen Materialparameter des nationalen Anhangs DIN EN 1993‐1‐2/NA durchgeführt. Für die thermische Analyse des Teiltragwerks mit der Methode der finiten Elemente werden diese vereinfachten Materialparameter überprüft und leicht modifiziert. Die Einflüsse der Nachgiebigkeit geschraubter Rahmenecken sowie der thermischen Dehnungen im Rahmenriegel werden diskutiert.
Schwel‐ und Brandverhalten von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen aus Holzfaserdämmplatten
Authors: Steeger Felix , Küppers Judith , Brunkhorst Sven
Published: May 2017

Die deutsche Musterbauordnung fordert in Bezug auf Außenwandbekleidungen für die Gebäudeklassen 4 und 5, dass diese einschließlich der Dämmstoffe schwer entflammbar sein müssen. Derzeitig auf dem Markt verfügbare Dämmstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen sind überwiegend als normal entflammbar klassifiziert. Ihr Brandverhalten kann durch die Verwendung von Flammschutzmitteln zwar verbessert werden, allerdings bestehen aufgrund der weiterhin vorhandenen Schwel‐ bzw. Glimmneigung bauordnungsrechtlich große Hürden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wird das Schwel‐ bzw. Glimmverhalten von Holzfaserdämmplatten zur Verwendung in Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) untersucht. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieses Projekts ist die Entwicklung eines Gesamtsystems, das die brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen an Fassaden für die Gebäudeklassen 4 und 5 erfüllt. Dafür wurden die Bedingungen zur Auslösung von Schwel‐ bzw. Glimmprozessen sowie der Verlauf dieser Zersetzungsprozesse in Abhängigkeit von den Materialparametern des Holzfaserdämmstoffs und unter der Verwendung von Flammschutzmitteln untersucht. Die brandschutztechnischen Schutzziele konnten dabei nicht allein durch Optimierungen der Materialeigenschaften erreicht werden. Parallel wurden verschiedene Putzsystemvarianten auf ihre thermische Schutzwirkung hin untersucht, mit dem Ziel, die Entstehung von Schwelprozessen im WDVS zu verhindern. Ein weiterer Untersuchungsschwerpunkt war die Begrenzung bereits ausgelöster, kontinuierlich fortlaufender Schwelprozesse im WDVS durch bauliche Maßnahmen. In einem ersten Versuch am Fassadenprüfstand, mit einem großzügig dimensionierten Putzsystem, konnte das Auslösen von Schwelprozessen verhindert werden. Im Rahmen des laufenden Forschungsvorhabens sind weitere Versuche am Fassadenprüfstand, Schutzziel‐ und Risikobetrachtungen sowie ergänzende Untersuchungen zum Löschverhalten von Holzfaserdämmplatten und zu konstruktiven Details des WDVS vorgesehen.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐5, a key molecule that mediates differentiation in MC3T3E1 osteoblast cell line
Authors: Vijayan Viji , Gupta Sakshi , Gupta Sarika
Published: May 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein‐5 (BMP‐5) is a member of the TGF receptor‐β family with osteoinductive property. However, its physiological role in osteoblast differentiation is not defined. This study highlights the importance of BMP‐5 in MC3T3E1 osteoblast differentiation. Pre‐osteoblasts exposed to osteogenic media (ascorbic acid, 50 µg/ml and β‐glycerophosphate, 10 mM) showed high protein expression of BMP‐5 in cell lysates and cell culture supernatants, which peaked during early time‐points of differentiation and declined with onset of mineralization. Attenuation of endogenous BMP‐5 protein expression by RNA interference downregulated the expression of type I collagen (COLIA1), an early osteoblast differentiation marker but not osteocalcin, a late osteoblast differentiation marker. Further experiments to analyze the cell signaling components revealed that BMP‐5 modulates COLIA1 expression via p38‐Runx2 axis involving Runx2 (Ser19) phosphorylation. These effects were also observed when recombinant BMP‐5 was added to pre‐osteoblast cultures reinforcing the fact that BMP‐5 is a modulator of COLIA1 expression. We conclude that BMP‐5 has stage‐specific role to play during MC3T3E1 osteoblast differentiation in part by autocrine p38/Runx2/COLIA1 signaling. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):558–566, 2017
Filament‐based realistic turbulent wake synthesis
Authors: Liao Xiangyun , Si Weixin , Xu Biao , Yuan Zhiyong , Wang Qiong , Heng Pheng‐Ann
Published: May 2017

Turbulent wake is crucial for the visually appealing effects of liquid. Unfortunately, it is challenging to realistically simulate this phenomenon with ring‐shaped vortical structures. To tackle this issue, we propose a filament‐based turbulent wake synthesis method for realistically simulating the turbulent wake with ring‐shaped vortical structures. The filaments are sampled at the separation points on the obstacle surface and emitted into the liquid flow to generate structured turbulent wake. Besides, the surface tension model is incorporated to generate natural turbulent wake diffusion visual effects in liquid by the anticurvature effects. The proposed approach can realistically and effectively synthesize the turbulent wake with ring‐shaped vortical structures and make it diffuse naturally. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms than the vortex particle‐based method in synthesizing appealing turbulent wake.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Peptidomimetic N‐Substituted Cbz‐4‐Hyp‐Hpa‐Amides as Novel Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Bacherikov Valeriy A. , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Avery Mitchell A.
Published: May 2017

A new series of peptidomimetic N‐substituted Cbz‐4‐Hyp‐Hpa‐amides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum. Substituents on the N‐atom of the amide group were selected alkyl‐, allyl‐, aryl‐, 2‐hydroxyethyl‐, 2‐cyanoethyl‐, cyanomethyl‐, 2‐hydroxyethyl‐, 2,2‐diethoxyethyl‐, or 2‐ethoxy‐2‐oxoethylamino groups, and about of 40 new compounds were synthesized and evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in vitro. Antimalarial activity has been investigated as for the final peptide mimetics, and their immediate predecessors, carrying TBDMS or TBDPS protecting groups on 4‐hydroxyproline residue and 18 derivatives exhibited toxicity against P. falciparum. Of these agents, compound 23e was shown to have potent antimalarial activity with IC50 528 ng/ml.
Myocardial ischemia induced by major aortopulmonary collateral arteries treated with transcatheter coil embolization
Authors: Kakizaki Ryota , Tojo Taiki , Minami Yoshiyasu , Koitabashi Toshimi , Woodhams Reiko , Shimohama Takao , Ishii Masahiro , Ako Junya
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries branching from coronary arteries may cause coronary steal. The careful follow‐up is needed irrespective of symptoms because increasing physical activities and oxygen demand along with the age may induce myocardial ischemia. Transcatheter intervention by well‐trained physician would be a treatment option in patients with myocardial ischemia.
Sustainability and Nanomaterials in Concert
Authors: Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo
Published: May 2017

Sustainable energy and the environment are one of the central priorities for our society, triggering a massive capital investment on research to define new trajectories for bypassing fossil fuel dependence and move to clean energy and consequent pollution abatement. The last decade has witnessed the rise and establishment of nanomaterials as frontrunners for a real societal impact of key processes under investigation, such as sustainable hydrogen production and CO2 conversion to fuels. The enormous progress achieved has been made possible by the opportunity to better understand materials at the nanoscale through the use of more powerful characterization techniques and advanced synthetic strategies. The lesson learned is that appropriately engineered multicomponent nanomaterials may hold the key to the routine industrial establishment of new greener concepts of energy production, with strong repercussions to the quality of life.