bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative use of waste tyres: Noise-barriers and geoengineering
Authors: Theodor Haas  , Erich Markl  , Maximilian Lackner
Published: December 2020

Globally, more than 1 billion waste tyres are produced every year, and environmentally friendly end-of-life scenarios are highly sought after. Incineration to capture energy is a common practice. An improvement to sustainability is a cascaded use, where worn-out tyres are first being deployed in a meaningful way, e.g. as noise barriers or as embankment stabilization, where they can add value for several years to decades, before they are incinerated. The novel innovative use cases for tyres were found to offer advantages for the environment, while saving costs over materials that are being deployed today. This paper presents two recent innovations with waste tyres by a private inventor, and also highlights critical success factors for this type of innovator. Perseverance is one character trait a private inventor has to demonstrate in order to land a true innovation, focus a critical activity. Waste tyres can be considered an underutilized raw material.
Patrimonialidade e contemporaneidade quilombola: controvérsias e desafios em torno do tombamento dos sítios detentores de reminiscências históricas dos antigos quilombos
Authors: Pereira Paulo Fernando Soares
Published: December 2020

Incluídos na narrativa oficial do Estado Nação (§ 5º do art. 216), em processo relevantíssimo de resistência à escravidão do passado, os quilombos, tiveram a sua contemporaneidade afirmada no art. 68 do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias - ADCT, como fenômeno e sujeitos de direitos de um presente que ainda não soube lidar e compensar as dívidas históricas com aqueles que foram vítimas da opressão, da escravidão e do racismo do Estado colonial e imperial brasileiro. Para tanto, o trabalho tem como objetivo reafirmar a necessidade de reconhecimento e inclusão, nas políticas patrimoniais brasileiras, da resistência quilombola aos processos de opressão constituídos pela escravidão, os quais se perpetuam desde a Abolição da escravidão, em 1888, sem que o Estado Democrático de Direito, a partir de 1988, tenha dado e/ou efetivado as soluções jurídicas antirracistas capazes de lidar com a problemática. Utilizou-se a revisão crítica de literatura como metodologia.
Arquitetura forense e o caso Ayotzinapa: uma estética investigativa a partir das leituras de Zaffaroni e Didi-Huberman
Authors: Dias Renato Duro , Santos Herson Alex
Published: December 2020

Tendo como referência artística a exposição Forensic Architecture – hacia una estética investigativa realizada no Museu Universitário de Arte Contemporânea (MUAC) da Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) em 2017, o presente artigo problematiza as implicações destes estudos imagéticos e investigativos para o campo da criminologia. Neste sentido, trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, de revisão bibliográfica e de análise de conteúdo e imagens, que pretende reflexionar sobre questões sociais emergentes, como a violência pública e violência estatal, lançando luzes sobre aspectos teóricos de modo transdisciplinar. A partir da necessidade de se ouvir as palavras dos mortos, conceito utilizado por Zaffaroni (2012) e a emergência dos estudos de Didi-Huberman (2004), em especial o dedicado a analisar as fotos (imagens) e as memórias do Holocausto, este estudo se debruça em pensar múltiplos caminhos e possibilidades, a fim de compreender os dias de setembro de 2014, nos quais estudantes da Escola Normal Rural de Ayotzinapa foram atacados pela polícia local em conluio com organizações criminosas, deixando como memória seis (06) pessoas mortas, quarenta (40) feridas e quarenta e três (43) estudantes desaparecidos.  Desta forma, este escrito busca articular o trabalho investigativo do Forensic Architecture no interior da Criminologia Cautelar de Zaffaroni (2012), procurando oferecer elementos para reflexionar sobre as interfaces entre os campos da criminologia, da investigação criminal, das artes e dos estudos visuais.
Особенности региональных рынков нефтегазового сервиса в Арктической зоне России
Authors: Крюков В. А. , Токарев А Н. , Крюков Я. В.
Published: December 2020

Динамика социально-экономического развития Арктической зоны России во многом определяется освоением минерально-сырьевых ресурсов, прежде всего, углеводородного сырья. В современных условиях все более значимую роль в нефтегазодобывающей деятельности играет нефтегазовый сервис. Однако существующие региональные рынки характеризуются высоким уровнем концентрации со стороны спроса, что не способствует эффективному развитию сервисных компаний (прежде всего, независимых). Формирование и развитие полноценных рынков сервисных услуг в нефтегазовом секторе Арктической зоны требует объединения усилий сервисных компаний, поддержки и стимулирования их деятельности со стороны региональных органов власти. Это будет способствовать повышению эффективности добычи углеводородного сырья, решению социально-экономических проблем в нефтегазовых регионах российской Арктики.
LINGUAGEM E COGNIÇÃO: UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR DOS PROCESSOS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Santos Sebastião Lourenço dos
Published: December 2020

The Pragmatics Collection, organized by the Language, Communication and Cognition Research Group CNPq, aims to present scientific research carried out in this area in its multiple dialogues with other sciences, such as neuroscience, biology, psychology, social sciences, literary studies, law , translation, social communication, among many others, as well as disseminating research applied to the most diverse contexts of human activity . This inaugural volume includes research by national and foreign doctoral professors, signed jointly with colleagues and students, with the purpose of both strengthening the exchange of ideas at ABRAP - Brazilian Association of Pragmatics, as well as maximizing the reach, originality, potential impact and interdisciplinarity of this science in Brazil.
Impacto de factores de manejo sobre la concepción en vaquillonas lecheras
Authors: Vera Milba Marina , Piccardi Monica , Maciel Martin , Franco Liliana , Mezzadra Carlos , Balzarini Monica
Published: December 2020

Increasing the number of pregnant heifers per time unit improves reproductive efficiency in dairy herds. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of management factors on conception. Reproductive events of 2532 heifers throughout 37 years were analyzed adjusting proportional risk models. Days to conception (DC) were measured as the interval in days from the start of the service period (IPS) to conception. The observation period per animal was 90 days. Models adjusted for DC include effects of age at IPS, year, number and season of services, conception rate of bulls, and year-to-season interaction with services. The Weibull model adjusts the DC variation pattern. Conception was lower in heifers under 18 months, in the 2nd and 3rd service, and when bulls with less conception rate were used. Conception was higher in fall services by 1.17 times compared to spring services. Identifying management factors affecting days to conception in heifers allows developing strategies to improve reproductive efficiency in dairy herds.
Estimación del balance de gases de efecto invernadero en sistemas de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado
Authors: Jacobo Elizabeth , Cadaviz Natalia , Vecchio María Cristina , Rodríguez Adriana
Published: December 2020

We compared the balance of greenhouse gasses (GHG) of two contrasting livestock production models of the Salado river basin, Buenos Aires province. One model was characterized by the predominance of native grassland in good condition because of the application of controlled grazing (MP 1) and the other model by a larger surface of cultivated pastures and annual forage crops, higher stocking rate and beef production (MP 2). We applied the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology for estimating primary emissions. We incorporated the estimation of secondary emissions and the gain or loss of soil carbon of to the GHG balance. Total emissions were higher in MP 2 than MP 1 (4500 vs. 2273 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 year-1 respectively, p<0,01). MP 1 sequestered carbon at a rate of 1851 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 year-1, while MP 2 emitted carbon at a rate of 601 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 year-1. GHF balance was ten times more negative for MP 2 than MP 1, whose balance resulted neutral. Livestock systems of Salado river basin with predominance of native grassland in good condition are able to mitigate the effect of global warming.
Modificaciones en el crecimiento temprano de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) en presencia de Azospirillum brasilense y de Pseudomonas psychrophila
Authors: Palmero Francisco , Hang Susana Beatriz , Lucini Enrique Iván , Bigattón Ezequiel Darío , Davidenco Vanina , Díaz-Zorita Martín
Published: December 2020

Azospirillum spp. and Pseudomonas spp. are plant growth promoting rizobacteria that enhance crop growth and productivity. The aim of this article was to compare the effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas psychrophila over early wheat growth in contrasted fertility conditions. This research was carried out under controlled growth conditions combining inoculation and fertility with P and K in sterile substrate. Root length 10 days after sowing (DAS) and above ground and root biomass accumulation after 10 and 40 DAS were evaluated. 10 DAS, when inoculated, radicle length increased on average 8 %, while total biomass increased 6.3 % when inoculated with A. brasilense and 4.9 % when inoculated with P. psychrophila. 40 DAS, both rizobacteria increased root growthin 21 %. 10 DAS and 40 DAS, biomass accumulation was independent from substrate fertility, suggesting that the presence of A. brasilense and P. psychrophila are relevant during implantation and early crop growth.
Review of Conjugated Porphyrin Systems
Authors: Supriya S. Vijayendra S. Shetti , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: December 2020

Porphyrin macromolecules play critical roles in many natural processes. Studies are going on to mimic their role in natural systems and use them in various applications in artificial systems. When a porphyrin moiety is conjugated with carbon nanoallotropes, viz., carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, etc., the hybrid molecules show optimized properties compared to the pristine molecules. In this review, various mechanisms of conjugating carbon nanoallotropes/carbon nanomaterials and porphyrins through stable chemical bond formation are discussed. The non-covalent interactions which cause their aggregation without disrupting their electronic structures are also discussed. This review also gives vital information on the utilization of conjugated systems effectively for society oriented applications.________________________________________
Adjustments and Compromises of Household Economy Approach in Burkina Faso
Authors: Lankouandé Edmond , Nfon-Dibié Azara
Published: December 2020

The household economy approach is used as an early warning tool to identify areas of intervention and priority groups to benefit from food security support. Adopted in 2012 in Burkina Faso, the application of this tool is still in the experimental phase. After having sketched the national context, from a qualitative survey and using data from targeting surveys, paper exposes questions posed by the development practitioners and realities of application of this tool on a project in Burkina Faso in the region of Boucle du Mouhoun. Implementation of HEA in the field shows a dysfunction. The analyzes reveal a part of methodological subjectivity, the weight of opinion leaders, acting as development brokers and the absence of a complaints committee, an extremely cumbersome mechanism that is unrealistic to initiate. While HEA is seen by communities as a breakthrough, the current trend for practitioners to fill in the gaps is towards increasing the complexity of targeting methods. The initiatives developed require practitioners to maintain a close presence on targeting committees, an unrealistic presence to be deployed in a change of scale in the method and also accompanied by greater bureaucratization of aid.
Investigating the Feasibility of Idiographic Network Models
Authors: Mansueto Alessandra Chiara , Wiers Reinout , van Weert Julia , Schouten Barbara C. , Epskamp Sacha
Published: December 2020

Recent times have seen a call for personalized psychotherapy and tailored communication during treatment, leading to the necessity to model the complex dynamics of mental disorders in a single subject. To this aim, time-series data in one patient can be collected through ecological momentary assessment and analyzed with the graphical vector autoregressive model, estimating temporal and contemporaneous idiographic networks. Idiographic networks graph interindividual processes that may be potentially used to tailor psychotherapy and provide personalized feedback to clients, and are regarded as a promising tool for clinical practice. However, the question whether we can reliably estimate them in clinical settings remains unanswered. We conducted a large-scale simulation study in the context of psychopathology, testing the performance of personalized networks with different numbers of time points, percentages of missing data, and estimation methods. Results indicate that sensitivity is low with sample sizes feasible for clinical practice (75 and 100 time points). It seems possible to retrieve the global network structure, but not to recover the full network. Estimating temporal networks appears particularly challenging, thus with 75 and 100 observations, it is advisable to reduce the number of nodes to around 6 variables. With regard to missing data, FIML and the Kalman filter are effective in addressing random item-level missing data, consequently planned missingness is a valid method to deal with missing data. We discuss possible methodological and clinical solutions to the challenges raised in this work.
Binary contrasts for unordered polytomous regressors
Authors: Freese Jeremy , Johfre Sasha
Published: December 2020

In observational studies, regression coefficients for categorical regressors are overwhelmingly presented in terms of contrasts with a reference category. For unordered regressors with many categories, however, this approach often focuses on contrasting different pairs of categories with one another with little substantive rationale for foregrounding those comparisons. Mean contrasts, which compare categories to the overall mean, provide an alternative to the reference category, but the magnitude of mean contrasts is conflated with the relative sizes of the categories. Instead, binary contrasts compare a category to all the other categories, allowing the familiar interpretation for dichotomous regressors. We provide a Stata package that computes binary contrasts.
DIFERENTES PERSPECTIVAS ANTE LA VENOCLISIS
Authors: LASSO MARIBEL ALEXANDRA
Published: December 2020

La venoclisis consiste en un dispositivo que puede ser introducido dentro de un tejido o vena, permitiendo los catéteres administrar medicamento o liquido dotado de propiedades terapéuticas directamente al torrente circulatorio. Objetivo: Conocer los beneficios terapéuticos a través del procedimiento de la venoclisis. Metodología: se utilizó una investigación exploratoria a través de la recopilación de datos por medio de t entrevistas lo cual nos basamos en las experiencias vividas de las personas que han pasado por el proceso de venoclisis, observando sus expresiones y analizando sus opiniones.  Resultados: obtuvimos diferentes opiniones entre ellos la fobia a las jeringuillas lo cual es común en los pacientes en todas las edades, siendo los niños los más vulnerables. Cabe recalcar que no todos los pacientes sienten el mismo temor. Discusión: La venoclisis es un proceso traumático, pero de la misma manera beneficia la salud de las personas necesitadas. Conclusión: la técnica de venoclisis causa una inseguridad en las personas al momento de escuchar la canalización.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Hilmi Hilmi , Rinanda Mutia
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability and leverage on environmental disclosure of companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports during 2016-2018 accessed on www.idx.co.id. The population in this study is 641 companies and the samples are 48 companies selected using the Purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS program. The results show that profitability affect environmental disclosure and leverage affect negative environmental disclosure.
Tools for Investing in the “Green” Economy: World Experience and Prospects in Russia
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin, Chovgan N.I. , Akupiyan O.S. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin
Published: December 2020

The development of the modern capital market and innovative technologies, including in the financial sector, creates the need to expand the research areas of the reproduction process and individual mechanisms that support it. Financial institutions are constantly required participants in responsible financing. Investors’ expectations regarding investments in environmental production and technologies reorient capital flows to these areas, and schemes for attracting financial resources and distributing risks in the process of implementing the principles of sustainable development are considered as unified. The article analyzes transformations and reviews the existing experience of forming appropriate mechanisms, justifies the functioning of the most effective ones. Among the investment and financial mechanisms of the “green” economy, the most important are budget investment mechanisms and financial market mechanisms. The mechanisms of the stock, credit and insurance markets are identified as components of the financial market mechanisms.
Efficiency of Functioning of Integrated Formations in the Grain Production of the Altai Territory
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Altay branch, Vorobyov S.P. , Gritsenko G.M. ,   Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vorobyova V.V. ,   Altay State University, Savchenko A.S. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Altay branch
Published: December 2020

The article defines the stages of development of agricultural holdings in Russia. Trends in the concentration of poultry and pig production in agricultural holdings of the Altai territory are revealed. Agricultural enterprises are grouped by production types of integrated formations in the grain field of the Altai territory. The analysis of the economic efficiency of grain production is carried out taking into account the depth of specialization of enterprises in the production of grain and their entry into various types of integrated formations.
Regulation of the Meat Market in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VIAPI, branch of VNIIESkH, Frolova E.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The 2020 pandemic has significantly changed the principles of agricultural policy in countries with a strong market orientation. In almost all segments of the global food market, there is a drop in production and a decrease in consumption. According to the forecast of the world food organization (FAO), by the end of 2020, world meat production will decrease by 1.7% and average per capita consumption will decrease. Against this background, the world trade in meat is growing, in particular, there is an increase in Chinese imports. The restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 prevention measures have significantly hindered the operation of all market chains. They caused delays in transferring livestock to processing plants due to their closure during the epidemic and made it difficult or impossible to supply meat under international contracts. State support measures were required to eliminate or reduce the negative effects of anti-epidemic measures. The article analyzes the state of the meat market in 2020, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and measures taken to protect national markets.
Review to the article “The Concept of the draft Federal law “Forest code of the Russian Federation”
Authors:   Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Francuzov A.Yu.
Published: December 2020

The author of the Concept demonstrates a scientific approach and a professional point of view. The author offers a number of new and interesting ideas. In general, the article does not contain defiantly unacceptable judgments, and you can unconditionally subscribe to a number of them. The fact of the existence of such a Concept, obviously, increases the chances of success for the next, new edition of the Forest Code. A significant increase in the forest role of the regions is correctly proposed, although this will certainly increase the number of references and blankets in the text of the law.
The Impact of Murmur’s Severity on the Cardiac Variability
Authors: Debbal S.M , Mokeddem F. , Meziani F. , Cherif L.Hamza
Published: December 2020

Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological phonocardiogram signal (PCG) as a basic background to the whole work. Than calculate their severity based on energy ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, in order to classify them to mild, medium and severe murmurs. In other hand, this classification will served to study the impact of severity of systolic and diastolic murmurs on cardiac variability, which is very important indicator on general health of human body. This study is done on consider number of patients and its reveal on very interesting results.
Life Cycle Development of Successful Women-owned Enterprises
Authors: Mohammad Waliul Hasanat  , Kamna Anum  , Ashikul Hoque  , Mahmud Hamid  , Sandy Francis Peris  , Md. Shaon Akter
Published: December 2020

In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful for potentially talented women interested in setting up their own business.
Effect of Long-Term Storage of Silicate Brick in Water on its Strength
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen (38, Volodarsky Street, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation), PANCHENKO Yu.F. , PANCHENKO D.A. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen (38, Volodarsky Street, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation), NIZOVSKIKH A.P. ,   JSC “Invest-silicate-construction services” (1, Vokzalnaya Street, industrial settlement Vinzili, Tyumen region, 625530, Russian Federation), KHAFIZOVA E.N. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen (38, Volodarsky Street, Tyumen, 625000, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of long-term storage of silicate brick in stationary water conditions on its strength and phase composition. The relevance of these studies is due to the fact that there are a lot of opinions that silicate materials have low water resistance which significantly limits their application range and reduces their popularity among builders. It has been found that after nine years storage in water and followed drying the silicate brick’s strength is practically equal to the initial strength. The data on the phase composition of newgrowths in silicate brick newly made in different production periods and the phase composition of silicate hydrates of bricks water conditioned are presented in the article. Comparison of the X-ray and differential thermal analyzes results of silicate bricks samples after 9 years of water conditioning and samples of newly made silicate bricks showed that highly basic calcium silicate hydrates predominate in a newly made sample, and in a 9-year-old sample silicate hydrates are mainly represented by tobermorite, while the total content of the СSH phase is the same. The content of calcium hydroxide in a newly made sample is higher but this may be due to the completeness of Ca(OH)2 binding in a particular sample but not to its leaching. The fact that leaching of Ca(OH)2 from silicate brick in still water does not occur also can be proved because the water of brick samples storage does not turn pink when phenolphthalein is added. These results allow us to conclude that long-term storage of silicate products in still water does not have any effect on the deterioration of silicate bricks.
Resistance of Binding Systems of Various Compositions to the Action of Molds
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), STROKOVA V.V. , NELUBOVA V.V. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), SIVALNEVA M.N. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), RYKUNOVA M.D. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation), SHAPOVALOV N.A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2020

The dynamic development of urbanization contributes to an increase in emissions of industrial waste, which is the cause dysfunction of the ecosystem balance and leads to the development of biological corrosion on building materials associated with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the resistance of composites to predict the durability of building structures under conditions of biological influence of microorganisms. Binder systems of various compositions were studied: cementless nanostructured binders (NB) based on quartz sand and granodiorite, gypsum, Portland cement and alumina cement. The toxicity of binders was assessed by biotesting on living organisms – cladocerans Daphnia Magna – according to the criteria of the intensity of their growth and viability. As a result, the high environmental safety of NB is substantiated, and the ranking of the studied binders according to the degree of increase in their toxicity to test objects is presented. Fungal resistance was assessed by the ability of molds for growing and reproduction on the studied samples. It was found that the most active in terms of the development of binders were representatives of the genus Aspergillus, the intensity of growing of which in all variants did not decrease below 3 points. Gypsum and NB were especially vulnerable, where the degree of fouling repeatedly reached 5 points. Even the initially biostable cement, after the aging process, lost its stability at different extent. The obtained results indicate the need to increase the resistance of composites for various purposes under conditions of biocorrosion at the stage of design and updating of regulatory documents, including tests for fungal resistance in the list of mandatory.
Problematics of Democratizing Curatorial Power in the Royal Museum for Central Africa's Online Collection
Authors: Kiefer Hannah
Published: December 2020

What do a nineteenth-century ethnographic exhibit and a twenty-first-century museum website tool have in common? More than one might expect. Belgium’s 1897 International Exposition included a colonial exposition that displayed panoplies and dioramas of items taken under colonial violence in what is today the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These objects came to form the initial collection for Belgium’s Royal Museum for Central Africa, an institution that has in recent years underwent a period of renovation and expansion (reopening in 2018) with the aim of revisiting its history and displays. To create engagement with the museum, its website has offered a feature that allows visitors to curate virtual image boards of objects from the collection, with resulting effects semantically linked to the 1897 Brussels exposition. This online tool, while stemming from an admirable impulse to share curatorial control, falls short by juxtaposing items that tell of traumatic histories with no criticality or contextualizing information. Analyses of visual configurations of this tool, along with comparative examinations of the 1897 displays, offer evidence for this argument, as well as an example of how collections that represent painful histories call for especially thoughtful design of digital, publicfacing tools.
Afterword
Authors: Kreps Christina
Published: December 2020

Writing at the midpoint of 2020, it has become cliché to say we are living in unprecedented times as the world copes with a confluence of events and challenges near cataclysmic proportions—the COVID-19 pandemic, civic unrest, social and political upheavals, and disrupted economies. In these times, what should be the work of culture, heritage, and musealized spaces and those that study them? I reflect on the articles in the special section, which stand as examples of engaged research and scholarship that seek to make visible troubled histories and presents, and to amplify voices that have for too long been silenced or ignored. Such visibility work surfaces what does and does not have precedent, what has and has not changed, and what is truly different and revolutionary. The articles draws on historical, comparative, and global perspectives to enrich knowledge gained from firsthand observation and engagement with local communities. Using Donna Haraway’s concept of “tentacular thinking,” I argue that we need not only to shed light on difficult chapters in our histories, but also to offer tools for understanding, guidance, and thoughtful actions in the present.
THE CHAKUDA NO MATSURIGOTO RITUAL OF HEIAN JAPAN JUDICIARY
Authors:   Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Grachyov M. V.
Published: December 2020

The article explores the chakuda no matsurigoto (literally “putting on shackles”) ritual in Heian Japan (794–1185), its evolution and specificity. Originally the ritual consisted only of putting shackles on a prisoner after the announcement of the verdict, and presented an integral part of the judicial system during the Asuka and Nara periods, but in the Heian era, the chakuda no matsurigoto ritual turned into a large-scale ceremonial action regularly performed in the 5th and 12th lunar months. It was a spectacle both for noble persons and for commoners, becoming a credential sign (proof) of the triumph of the law over iniquity; a symbol of dishonour for criminals (they were publicly put in shackles during the ritual on the market square of the capital) and a testimony of fair justice for those whose term of imprisonment came to an end (they were removed from the shackles right during the chakuda no matsurigoto and released). The chakuda no matsurigoto ritual in the Heian Japan underwent constructive changes at the end of the 10th century, turned into a kind of shameful punishment that pursued several main tasks. The ritual served as a message, informing people about the guilt of the criminals and the impartiality of the court verdict passed by them. By enhancing the visual and sound elements of the ceremony, the organizers of the chakuda no matsurigoto achieved the correct understanding of the essence of what was happening among those present, its maximum informative accuracy. The ceremony of liberation from the iron shackles in the presence of numerous observers served as an impressive symbol of the offender’s return to the world of law-abiding people, demonstrating the indisputability of the rule of law in the Heian state.
THE MILITARY AWARD OF INDONESIA BINTANG SAKTI — THE SACRED STAR
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Zakharov A. O.
Published: December 2020

Military awards and decorations glorify winners, immortalize victories and reflect world outlooks of their times. These functions place them among the most attractive, informative and curious cultural things in human history. The highest military awards, like the Soviet Order of Victory, symbolize the scale of battles, whereas campaign medals reflect the course of warfare. Military decorations usually imply mortal threats or even acts of heroism of their owners, not being awarded for labour or other civilian activities. Military orders and medals are in great demand among the collectors, being better known for public than other orders and medals. For example, the Japanese military Order of the Golden Kite seems to be the most famous decoration of Japan even now, seventy years after its abolition. The first order of Indonesia is the Bintang Gerilya — The Guerilla Star, instituted in 1949. Its form looks like an imitation of the Ottoman Gallipoli Star. The Bintang Gerilya reflects the modus operandi adopted by Indonesia during its wars for Independence against the Dutch. During the late fifties, the Indonesian Army took control over the nationalized factories and other businesses previously belonging to the Dutch. The Indonesian Army also turned more professional due to actions of several top grass commanders, like Nasution and Gatot Soebroto. The Army and Indonesian Government managed to put down some important separatist movements across the Malay (Indonesian) Archipelago. Obvious military success needed to be praised. In 1958 the highest military award of Indonesia — the Bintang Sakti, or Sacred Star — was instituted. The statute and history of the Bintang Sakti are the subjects of this paper.
ISRAELI HISTORIOGRAPHY ON SOVIET POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN WARS
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Nosenko T. V.
Published: December 2020

Soviet policy in the Middle Eastern conflict and, in particular, in the Arab-Israeli wars of 1967– 1973 present a topic that has been comprehensively studied in foreign, and, above all, in Israeli historiography. Although Israeli specialists, as a rule, approach the study of this complex phenomenon on the basis of the accepted academic methodology and analysis of rather contradictory sources, the monographs discussed in this article present the reader with a very one-sided and biased interpretation of the role of the Soviet state in this historical period. They refute the traditional version that Moscow was interested in maintaining a controlled crisis, but not in its transition to a military phase, and tried to restrain the Arabs. Instead, Israeli authors I. Ginor and G. Remez set out to prove that it was the USSR, in secret conspiracy with the leaders of Egypt and Syria, that prepared attacks on Israel in 1967, oriented the Arabs exclusively towards a military solution to the conflict after the “Six-Day War” and prepared plans for a joint attack on Israeli positions in 1973. Soviet policy in the Middle East at that period was neither a model of “peacefulness and brotherly assistance”, as Soviet propaganda presented it, or a modern version of a “crusade” against the Holy Land, as Israeli authors portray it in the works under consideration. The complex interweaving of global and regional interests, ideological indoctrination, and internal political struggle for power were the main factors that influenced the process of political decision-making. Having excluded many of these factors from their research and rather subjectively approaching the selection of sources, I. Ginor and G. Remez presented a rather distorted and not credible version of events.
Creative Activism, Creating Pleasure: The Power of Emotion in Participatory Research
Authors: Clisby Suzanne
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT In this paper the authors consider the power of emotion in participatory research and explore feelings of pleasure and joy that were experienced through processes of creative activism by researchers, trainers and participants during their involvement in feminist qualitative research conducted as part of the Global Gender and Cultures of Equality project (GlobalGRACE project: globalgrace.net). Specifically, we focus on one of the research projects within GlobalGRACE concerned with ‘Women Working in Men’s Worlds’. This project is working through participatory film and photography to enhance gender equality and wellbeing with a group of female construction workers based in Sylhet, north eastern Bangladesh. Here we are particularly interested in the dynamics of overlapping emotions: pleasure, friendship and joy that emerged during the course of the study and the experiences of three groups of participants: the research team, the group of young male audio-visual trainers, and the participant women.
Proposed Control of Raw Material Inventory in Condition of Not Required With Fuzzy Mamdani Method in Cv. Pinus Bag's Specialist
Authors:   Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND, Wibowo Agus Hindarto , Susetyo Joko , Oesman Titin Isna , Aliffian Muhammad Yuda
Published: December 2020

CV. Pine Bag’s Specialist is a business engaged in the manufacturing of various types of bags. One of the bags made in the form of a backpack. Parachute fabric is the main raw material for making backpacks. Uncertain demand causes a lot of accumulation (over stock) of raw materials in the storage area, so we need a method of supporting raw material inventory control to determine the optimal order. The research objective determines the optimal ordering of raw materials using variable raw material demand, raw material inventory variables and ordering variables in January the first week to March the fourth week. The Fuzzy Mamdani method used in this study because it has a flexible nature and can overcome the problem of uncertainty. The data processing of the Fuzzy Mamdani method carried out in several stages (a) the formation of the Fuzzy set, (b) the application of the implication function, (c) the composition of the rules, (d) Defuzzification. Defuzzification in research uses the centroid method. The results of Fuzzy Mamdani's manual calculation in January of the first week with input of raw material demand of 666 meters and 126 meters of inventory resulted in an optimal prediction of ordering raw materials of 876 meters. Calculations for January the second week to March the fourth week are performed with the help of the Matlab R2013a Fuzzy Toolbox software. The results of prediction data evaluation on the number of raw material orders Fuzzy Mamdani with actual data on the raw material number ordering CV. Pine Bag’s Specialist, it is known that the average absolute error (MAE) is 193.8 meters with an average percentage of absolute error (MAPE) of 22%. So, it is said that the level of accuracy of predictions is reasonable. Future research is expected in the Fuzzy Mamdani method can be used more than two inputs and one output and the addition of linguistic variables. Combine the Fuzzy Mamdani method with other raw material inventory control methods so that the results obtained are getting better.
Analisis Konsikwensi Terhadap Kelemahan Konsep Akad Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Saputera Abdur Rahman Adi , Suyitno Mohamad Ramdan , Alkautsar Muhammad Syakir
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze how the consequences of the weaknesses of the contract concept as stated in the KHES, and how the solutions to the weaknesses of the contract concept are. This research is a qualitative research library research (literature review) with a descriptive-analytical approach which is strengthened by primary and secondary data sources, while the data analysis techniques used are inductive, deductive, and comparative. The results showed that the consequences of the weaknesses of the contract concept in KHES were; Different interpretations, Sharia economic disputes are not resolved, the parties are harmed and do not provide massive information. While the solution to the weakness of the concept of the contract in article 25 paragraph (2) is that the solution to the clarity of the meaning of sighat al aqd is to provide a comparison with the sighat al-aqd that is in muamalah fiqih as KHES absorption adheres to these rules. More precisely, the contract must be carried out clearly, in oral, written and/or art form, and for the harmony of the mudharabah agreement Article 232 it is customary to add the object of the contract, and the main purpose of the contract as one of the pillars in the contract, as well as adding the provisions of the qardul hasan contract to book II. in chapter XXVII, also provides limitations in article 607, while article 347 must provide clarity in detail.
PERILAKU LESBIAN GAY BISEKSUAL DAN TRANSGENDER ( LGBT ) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK AZASI MANUSIA
Authors: Fauziah Anisa , Samiyono Sugeng , Khairiyati Fithry
Published: December 2020

Perilaku Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual dan Transgender atau dikenal dengan sebutan istilah LGBT adalah fenomena sosial yang sedang banyak disorot masyarakat baik dari nasional maupun internasional. Permasalahannya adalah ketika masyarakat Indonesia tidak mempunyai kesepakatan yang sama tentang kedudukan LGBT di negara ini karena alasan sebuah Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Hak Asasi Manusia pada dasarnya mempunyai tujuan agar pelaksanaan HAM sesuai dengan Piagam PBB tentang HAM, UUD 1945, dan Pancasila dapat tumbuh dengan kondisi yang kondusif. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana perilaku LGBT yang meresahkan masyarakat Indonesia dan masyarakat internasional secara mayoritasnya. Disamping itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana tinjauan HAM Nasional dan HAM Internasional terhadap perilaku LGBT tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah socio-legal research atau disebut dengan penelitian hukum sosiologis yang mana melihat hukum merupakan gejala sosial yang bersifat empiris dengan menggunakan data primer hasil wawancara dengan MUI, ICMI dan Komnas HAM serta data sekunder yang diambil dari Undang-Undang HAM Nomor 39 Tahun 1999, handbook Komnas HAM, Deklarasi HAM dan handbook UNDP ( United Nations Development Program). Dengan begitu, perilaku LGBT tidak dapat dibenarkan karena tidak ada legalitasnya dan melanggar norma-norma kesusilaan serta berpotensi menimbulkan keresahan di masyarakat. Sehingga apa yang telah diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 tidak dapat terwujud, yaitu menciptakan ketertiban dan keamanan masyarakat Indonesia. Dan menurut HAM Internasional sendiri perilaku LGBT tidak diakui karena dalam Deklarasi HAM tidak ada pelegalan terhadap LGBT dan hanya disebutkan pria dan wanita sebagai pasangan.
LARANGAN PENGURUS (FUNGSIONARIS) PARTAI POLITIK SEBAGAI BAKAL CALON ANGGOTA DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH PADA PEMILU 2019
Authors: Tohadi Tohadi , Prastiwi Dian Eka , Suryani Reni
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini untuk menjawab dan mendeskripsikan: 1) bagaimana pertimbangan dan amar Putusan MK No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dan Putusan MA No. 65 P/HUM/2018 terkait larangan bagi pengurus partai sebagai balon anggota DPD pada Pemilu 2019; dan 2) Apa yang menyebabkan adanya perbedaan dalam pertimbangan pada Putusan MK No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dan Putusan MA No. 65 P/HUM/2018 dimaksud. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian hukum sosiologis (socio-legal research) untuk menggambarkan masalah-masalah penelitian dengan menggunakan data sekunder diperkuat dengan data primer. Peneliti memberikan kesimpulan, pertama, Putusan MK No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dan Putusan MA No. 65 P/HUM/2018 keduanya menegaskan adanya larangan bagi pengurus partai sebagai balon anggota DPD. Meskipun ada perbedaan terkait pemberlakuannya pada Pemilu 2019. Menurut Putusan MK, ketentuan tersebut sudah dikenakan pada Pemilu 2019, sedangkan menurut Putusan MA ketentuan dimaksud tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat jika diberlakukan pada Pemilu 2019. Kedua, adanya perbedaan kedua putusan lembaga kekuasaan kehakiman itu karena adanya penafsiran yang berbeda mengenai pengertian tahap pencalonan anggota DPD pada Pemilu 2019.
KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA TELAAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA DAN HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Suhendar Suhendar , Kartono Kartono
Published: December 2020

Pidana Korupsi serta keuangan Negara dalam disiplin ilmu berbeda. Korupsi bagaikan tindak pidana berpijak pada doktrin hukum pidana, sedangkan keuangan Negara dalam pengelolaan serta tanggungjawabnya, berpijak doktrin hukum administrasi Negara, keduanya terintegrasi dalam tindak pidana korupsi kerugian keuangan Negara, dalam UU 31/ 1999 jo. 20/ 2001. Riset ini bertabiat deskriptif dengan tipe riset hukum normatif. Riset menampilkan LHP BPK mempunyai kekuatan legalitas serta legitimasi: bevoegdheid serta rechtsmacht, sehingga bisa digunakan untuk menciptakan terbentuknya tindak pidana korupsi kerugian keuangan Negara dalam penyidikan serta sebagai dasar memastikan transisi tanggungjawab hukum administrasi Negara kepada tanggungjawab hukum pidana: berbentuk transisi tanggungjawab jabatan kepada tanggungjawab individu pejabat, karena dalam konteks hukum materiil korupsi: berkedudukan bagaikan fasilitas pengecekan perbuatan/ aksi pejabat dalam ukuran hukum administrasi negara, serta dalam konteks hukum formil korupsi berkedudukan bagaikan perlengkapan fakta pesan dalam Pasal 187 huruf a serta b KUHAP.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PAYMENT GUARANTEE PADA KONTRAK PERBANKAN DENGAN DEVELOPER
Authors: Nurwullan Siti , Siregar Hendrik Fasco , Fania Frieda
Published: December 2020

Payment Guarantee atau pembelian kembali jaminan kredit memitigasi resiko Bank  dalam hal Debitur macet pembayarannya, yang tertuang dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Bank dengan Developer sebagai penjamin Debitur disebabkan karena dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Bank tidak bisa mengeksekusi jaminan dikarenakan  belum ada Akta Jual Beli (AJB) dan objek jaminan belum atas nama Debitur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk kepastian hukum Payment Guarantee bagi Perbankan sebagai Penyalur kredit. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yuridis empiris, analisa bahan hukum yang dipakai adalah dengan cara yuridis kualitatif dengan penguatan pada bahan hukum yang diperoleh dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Bank Sebagai lembaga penyalur kredit selalu dihadapkan pada resiko. Dan untuk memitigasi resiko tersebut adalah dengan adanya jaminan pembelian kembali (Payment Guarantee) yang diatur dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama yang memberikan kepastian hukum antara pihak Bank dan Developer sebagai penjamin Debitur.