bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin affects stress-resilience and brain kynurenine levels in a subchronic and mild social defeat stress model in mice
Authors: Sato Mizuho , Okuno Alato , Suzuki Kazunori , Ohsawa Natsuki , Inoue Eiichi , Miyaguchi Yuji , Toyoda Atsushi
Published: May 2019

Depressive disorders are partly caused by chronic inflammation through the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Preventive intervention using anti-inflammatory reagents may be beneficial for alleviating the risk of depression. In this study, we focused on the Japanese local citrus plant, Citrus tumida hort. ex Tanaka (C. tumida; CT), which contains flavonoids such as hesperidin that have anti-inflammatory actions. The dietary intake of 5% immature peels of CT fruits slightly increased stress resilience in a subchronic and mild social defeat (sCSDS) model in mice. Moreover, the dietary intake of 0.1% hesperidin significantly increased stress resilience and suppressed KYN levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in these mice. In addition, KYN levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were significantly correlated with the susceptibility to stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary hesperidin increases stress resilience by suppressing the augmentation of KYN signaling under sCSDS.
XLF and H2AX function in series to promote replication fork stability
Authors: Chen Bo-Ruei , Quinet Annabel , Byrum Andrea K. , Jackson Jessica , Berti Matteo , Thangavel Saravanabhavan , Bredemeyer Andrea L. , Hindi Issa , Mosammaparast Nima , Tyler Jessica K. , Vindigni Alessandro , Sleckman Barry P.
Published: May 2019

XRCC4-like factor (XLF) is a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double strand break repair protein. However, XLF deficiency leads to phenotypes in mice and humans that are not necessarily consistent with an isolated defect in NHEJ. Here we show that XLF functions during DNA replication. XLF undergoes cell division cycle 7–dependent phosphorylation; associates with the replication factor C complex, a critical component of the replisome; and is found at replication forks. XLF deficiency leads to defects in replication fork progression and an increase in fork reversal. The additional loss of H2AX, which protects DNA ends from resection, leads to a requirement for ATR to prevent an MRE11-dependent loss of newly synthesized DNA and activation of DNA damage response. Moreover, H2ax−/−:Xlf−/− cells exhibit a marked dependence on the ATR kinase for survival. We propose that XLF and H2AX function in series to prevent replication stress induced by the MRE11-dependent resection of regressed arms at reversed replication forks.
TORC2 controls endocytosis through plasma membrane tension
Authors: Riggi Margot , Bourgoint Clélia , Macchione Mariano , Matile Stefan , Loewith Robbie , Roux Aurélien
Published: May 2019

Target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) is a conserved protein kinase that regulates multiple plasma membrane (PM)–related processes, including endocytosis. Direct, chemical inhibition of TORC2 arrests endocytosis but with kinetics that is relatively slow and therefore inconsistent with signaling being mediated solely through simple phosphorylation cascades. Here, we show that in addition to and independently from regulation of the phosphorylation of endocytic proteins, TORC2 also controls endocytosis by modulating PM tension. Elevated PM tension, upon TORC2 inhibition, impinges on endocytosis at two different levels by (1) severing the bonds between the PM adaptor proteins Sla2 and Ent1 and the actin cytoskeleton and (2) hindering recruitment of Rvs167, an N-BAR–containing protein important for vesicle fission to endocytosis sites. These results underline the importance of biophysical cues in the regulation of cellular and molecular processes.
Beyond Fresnel: absorption of fibre laser radiation on rough stainless steel surfaces
Authors: Hipp Dominik , Mahrle Achim , Beyer Eckhard
Published: May 2019

The standard procedure for the calculation of the angle-dependent absorptivity consists of applying the well-known Fresnel formulas to the material property refractive index n and extinction coefficient k. However, the Fresnel formulas are only applicable for perfect smooth surfaces. Hitherto the effect of rough surfaces on absorptivity values and profiles are not thoroughly explored. Yet, this knowledge is vital for many kinds of theoretical consideration in computational models as they are applied in laser material processing, imaging and metrology. Therefore, we present experimental results on the angle-dependent absorptivity of stainless steel with five different surface finishes for fibre laser radiation with a 1.07 µm wavelength and for s- and p-polarisation separately. We can show that for probes which fulfil the modified Fraunhofer smoothness criterion at normal incidence (R

z
  <  λ/32), the Fresnel formalism is applicable. For the tested probes with higher surface roughness, the real absorptivity differs considerably from this solution: the maximum of absorptivity at the pseudo Brewster angle is decreased and shifted towards lower inclinations. Furthermore, other effects are observed which are not explained by theoretical approaches like Fresnel or ray-tracing models.
Analytic 1D approximation of the divertor broadening S in the divertor region for conductive heat transport
Authors: Nille D , Sieglin B , Eich T , Scarabosio A
Published: May 2019

An analytic 1D approximation for the divertor broadening S is introduced, depending only on the electron temperature between X-point and target. It is compared to simulations solving the 2D heat diffusion equation, in order to describe the divertor broadening along a field line solely by the ratio of the perpendicular to the parallel diffusivities. By assuming the temperature dependence of these two diffusivities an integral form of S is derived for the area along the separatrix between X-point and target. Integration along the separatrix results in an approximation for S, being in agreement with the 2D simulations. This approximation is furthermore compared to recent studies, which find a power law with negative exponent to describe S in terms of target temperature. This dependence is not reproduced in a pure conductive description, which instead shows a finite S for zero target temperature. This points to other mechanisms changing the shape of the heat flux profile—by additional widening or radiation losses—not included in the presented reduced approximation.
Engineering passive swimmers by shaking liquids
Authors: Laumann M , Förtsch A , Kanso E , Zimmermann W
Published: May 2019

The locomotion and design of microswimmers are topical issues of current fundamental and applied research. In addition to numerous living and artificial active microswimmers, a passive microswimmer was identified only recently: a soft, Λ-shaped, non-buoyant particle propagates in a shaken liquid of zero-mean velocity (Jo et al 2016 Phys. Rev. E 94 063116). We show that this novel passive locomotion mechanism works for realistic non-buoyant, asymmetric Janus microcapsules as well. According to our analytical approximation, this locomotion requires a symmetry breaking caused by different Stokes drags of soft particles during the two half periods of the oscillatory liquid motion. It is the intrinsic anisotropy of Janus capsules and Λ-shaped particles that break this symmetry for sinusoidal liquid motion. Further, we show that this passive locomotion mechanism also works for the wider class of symmetric soft particles, e.g. capsules, by breaking the symmetry via an appropriate liquid shaking. The swimming direction can be uniquely selected by a suitable choice of the liquid motion. Numerical studies, including lattice Boltzmann simulations, also show that this locomotion can outweigh gravity, i.e. non-buoyant particles may be either elevated in shaken liquids or concentrated at the bottom of a container. This novel propulsion mechanism is relevant to many applications, including the sorting of soft particles like healthy and malignant (cancer) cells, which serves medical purposes, or the use of non-buoyant soft particles as directed microswimmers.
Evolutionary dynamics of networked multi-person games: mixing opponent-aware and opponent-independent strategy decisions
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Long
Published: May 2019

How rational individuals make strategic decisions when confronted with the temptation of defection is consistently a longstanding conundrum. Particularly, in a heterogeneous environment incorporating multiple decision rules, little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of networked multi-person games. To address this issue, we propose an original theoretical framework to investigate the hybrid dynamics for mixed opponent-aware and opponent-independent strategy decisions. We equip each agent with an individualized decision-making function, by which decision-makers cannot only select the information type but can also process it individually. Under weak selection, we theoretically derive a condition under which one strategy wins over the other, and accordingly we demonstrate that such an analogous criterion also holds in a mutation-selection process. For a hybrid system of two decision-making functions, we specifically prove that this condition is robust against population structures. Beyond weak selection, however, we find that the co-evolutionary dynamics induced by strategy adoption and decision-rule imitation are sensitive to the change of population structures. Our work, thus, clearly elucidate how the diversity and heterogeneity of individual decision-making affect the fate of strategy evolution, which may offer some insights into the evolution of cooperation.
Helical and oscillatory microswimmer motility statistics from differential dynamic microscopy
Authors: Croze Ottavio A , Martinez Vincent A , Jakuszeit Theresa , Dell’Arciprete Dario , Poon Wilson C K , Bees Martin A
Published: May 2019

The experimental characterisation of the swimming statistics of populations of micro-organisms or artificially propelled particles is essential for understanding the physics of active systems and their exploitation. Here, we construct a theoretical framework to extract information on the three-dimensional motion of micro-swimmers from the intermediate scattering function (ISF) obtained from differential dynamic microscopy (DDM). We derive theoretical expressions for the ISF of helical and oscillatory breaststroke swimmers, and test the theoretical framework by applying it to video sequences generated from simulated swimmers with precisely-controlled dynamics. We then discuss how our theory can be applied to the experimental study of helical swimmers, such as active Janus colloids or suspensions of motile microalgae. In particular, we show how fitting DDM data to a simple, non-helical ISF model can be used to derive three-dimensional helical motility parameters, which can therefore be obtained without specialised 3D microscopy equipment. Finally, we discus how our results aid the study of active matter and describe applications of biological and ecological importance.
Umbrella leaves—Biomechanics of transition zone from lamina to petiole of peltate leaves
Authors: Sacher Moritz , Lautenschläger Thea , Kempe Andreas , Neinhuis Christoph
Published: May 2019

In this study we aim to show how the peltate leaves of Colocasia fallax Schott and Tropaeolum majus L., despite their compact design, achieve a rigid connection between petiole and lamina. We have combined various microscopy techniques and computed tomography (CT) scanning for the analysis of the basic structure of the plant’s stabilization system. Mechanical tests yielded key mechanical parameters and allowed us to assess the mode of failure. The results of the tests were further processed in a finite element method (FEM) analysis. We were able to show that both plants are able to endure high loads irrespective of the different composition of the supporting structure. C. fallax forms many separate branched strands, whereas T. majus forms fewer strands of greater diameter interconnected in the centre of the transition area, forming a bundle of irregular orientation. This results in different ways to dissipate loads on the lamina. In C. fallax we observed the outer strands of the strengthening tissue under high stress while the inner bundle carries little load. In T. majus the load is distributed more evenly through the juncture in the middle of the transition area. Potential applications include the construction of biomimetical flying roofs.
Mini DNA-barcode as molecular marker for heavily processed hairtail fish products authentication
Authors: Abdullah A , Nurilmala M , Jacoeb A M , Sitaresmi K P
Published: May 2019

Fish species mislabeling, wrongful description, and substitution by species with a lower value are problems that occur due to globalization of fish markets. Establishment of fishery products and seafood species identification methods becomes an important task for Indonesian fishery research laboratories and seafood control authorities. Therefore, various DNA barcode markers must be tested to determine which markers are suitable for rapid, simple, and applicable methods. This study aimed to determine the reliability of full-length DNA barcode and mini DNA-barcodes for raw fillets and numerous cooked Indonesian hairtails. The results showed all DNA barcode markers were successfully applied to all of the samples with the species level assignment of 97-100%. Our study proposed a practical molecular marker for the monitoring of quality and food safety assurance of important hairtail products.
Utilization of belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) to reduce urea levels from shark (Carcharhinus sp.) meat in shredded processing
Authors: Adawyah R , Khotimah I K , Puspitasari F , Rahmawati H
Published: May 2019

This research aimed to reduce the urea level in the shark meat and to find out the suitable concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi extract to reduce urea level in the shark meat for processing of shredded meat. Trehis research were to soak the shark meat in the Averrhoa bilimbi extract with 0% (without soaking), 20%, 40%, 60% by three repetitions for each treatment. Parameter that observed in this research were the amount of urea in the product and organoleptic test of colour, taste, flavour, and appearance. Soaking in the Averrhoa bilimbi extract of 60% could reduce the urea level in the product as much as 69.51%.
Yield-per-recruit modeling as biological reference points to provide fisheries management of Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Agustina S , Panggabean A S , Natsir M , Retroningtyas H , Yulianto I
Published: May 2019

Leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is an important fisheries commodity in Saleh Bay, both ecologically and economically. Continuous exploitation of this species has caused population collapses in some waters due to high fishing pressure. Therefore, it is very important to estimate its population stock. Yield per recruit models usually being used to evaluate population stock also to estimate biological reference point. We estimated life-history parameters using length-based stock assessment, while stock size was estimated by virtual population analysis (VPA), and finally, prediction models was estimated using Beverton & Holt’s yield per recruit model. We used the following variables: growth parameters, fishing mortality, length at first capture, and age at 50% recruitment into the fishery. From these variables we found that the Fcurrent (0.26) is higher than the target reference point (FMSY= 0.24), which confirmed the indication of slight increased exploitation rate (E=0.62). It is shown that the Plectropomus leopardus was overexploited with spawner biomass-per-recruit at 20.6% of pristine levels. The regulation measures to correct the exploitation pattern and to reduce fishing mortality smaller than Fmsy including limiting the catch size and control on fishing gear by limiting fishing effort.
Governability of marine protected areas: The effect of trade-offs, hybrid patterns, and policy implications in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Bawole R , Yulianda F , Bengen D G , Fahrudin A , Mudjirahayu
Published: May 2019

This paper describes how to integrate and harmonize governability that is built on the dimensions of the governance system, system to be governed, and interactive governance. This form of integration often causes trade offs between governability (interdimensional), resulting in one of the systems more likely to have a more prominent role than other systems. This condition is often overlooked in the current management activities. Harmonization between dimensions of governance is done to synergize the roles of each dimension’s attributes to achieve good governance in reaching the objectives of the management. In a hybrid pattern (an integration between governance system and systems to be governed), the interactive governance process could be achieved through an adaptive and responsive management, and monitoring and evaluation, as well as regulatory aspects and involvement of the stakeholders as prime movers of the processes in all phases of management. This is especially important for areas without explicit customary marine management traditions where the emergent nonformal institutional set-up needs to fill a particularly large void in the nonformal adaptive core within the formal MPA framework governance. In this context, even effective rules which achieve undesirable outcomes need to be examined for underlying rationales and incentives.
Use of Sargassum polycystum ethanol extract as antibacterial for increasing shelf life tilapia fillet (Oreochromis niloticus) stored in chilling temperature
Authors: Budi P H , Thaib E A , Julita M
Published: May 2019

Sargassum polycystum is a seaweed that has a chemical compound that can be used as an antibacterial. Tilapia fillet is one of the fish product which is known as perishable food. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of S. polycystum ethanol extract in resisting the deterioration rate of tilapia fillet quality. The tilapia fillet was given three treatments that was soaked with 1% S. polycystum ethanol extract, positive control (washed with 10 ppm chlorine water), and negative control (water) was then stored for 10 days at a temperature of 4°C. The results of the study found that tilapia fillets that are soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract solution can maintain the organoleptic value. TPC of tilapia fillet soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract was better than control. Chemical test results (pH and TVB) showed the fillet that was soaked with S. polycystum ethanol extract had a better value than the control. Treatment with S. polycystum ethanol extract acts as an antibacterial compound similar to the positive control, but better than the negative control. This can be used in extending the shelf life of tilapia fillets in low temperatures by two days longer than negative control.
Fishing industry comprehensive health standard on fish market: The case of Muara Angke
Authors: Darmawan  , Nurjali  , Nugroho T
Published: May 2019

Fishing industry is not only concern about sustainability, but also ensuring health quality of fish sold in markets. Therefore health quality level of fish market is critical. Fish market regulations have been issued by more than one government agency that have comparable authority. Different mandates of those institutions created a lack of comprehensive regulation on how to develop and manage healthy fish market well. This situation could puzzle existing fish market managers or fish market developers. Author used direct qualitative comparison between existing regulations and descriptive analysis approach to formulate a comprehensive health standard for fish market development. The result is a synchronized comprehensive health standard consist of five aspects with 59 criteria. Some parts of the comprehensive standard (four aspects and 17 criteria) was then used as try-out to assess the health adequacy level of the Muara Angke fish market. Simple check list with percentage calculation was implemented to determine the level of health adequacy of the market. The results showed that on average the level of health adequacy reached only 39.7%. It means that Muara Angke fish market is an unhealthy fish market and needs a lot of improvement to become a healthy and hygiene fish market.
Spatial and seasonal variation of mangrove litter production in Bitung, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan I W E , Guangcheng C , Pramudji  , Bin C
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to figure out a spatial and seasonal variation of litterfall production and its correlation with environmental parameters. The area was distinguished into three zones based on species domination, landward (Xylocarpus granatum); middle zone (Rhizophora apiculata) and seaward (Ceriops tagal). Four square, 50x50 cm (1 mm nylon mesh) litter traps were hung randomly in each zone, and the litters were collected monthly. Secondary climate data were compiled from the NOAA and BMKG, while soil and water contents were acquired from TIO-RCO investigation. The number of litter production on Kema was in the moderate category compared to several studies. Spatially, total litter production on landward (6.90±3.67 t.ha−1.y−1) and seaward (6.66±3.08 t.ha−1.y−1) were not significantly different, but they had a significant difference to the middle zone (8.93±4.85 t.ha− 1.y−1). Vegetative parts were highly dominant on litter composition. Total phosphate was highly correlated with spatial differences. Mangrove produced more litter during the dry season due to their higher metabolic adaptation to cope with the higher temperature and salinity. Even though there was no significant correlation between climate factors and total litter production. During season-transition periods, production of litterfall doubled than either dry/wet season followed by climatic parameter changes delivering physiological stresses.
A potential inefficiency management: Kaizen application in the fillet processing of frozen demersal fish at PT. X Makassar-South Sulawesi
Authors: Dharmayanti N , Purnomo A H , Permadi A , Mariyana
Published: May 2019

PT. X is constantly lost profit allegedly due to inefficiencies in the processing of demersal fish fillets. This research was aimed to analyze the problem using the Kaizen method, a systematic analysis approach for continuous improvement. The research included the definition of the main problem, identification of the root causes on the employees, methods, materials and machine aspects, as well as identification of actions that are technically implementable and financially require less cost but produce maximum impact. The analysis of the production data in the frozen grouper fillets processing found differences in maximum yield in two production lines: 31.20% in Line 1 and 35.25% in Line 2, while the company’s overall standard yield was 33%. These results indicated that interventions in Line 1 are needed to increase the yield by 2%. Root cause analysis found a numbery internal aspects that could be improved through Kaizen intervention, namely sorting raw materials, filleting, skinning, and trimming. Two interventions were recommended including employees training who in those aspects, and calibrating the main equipment. With such interventions, the inefficiencies worth Rp. 6.000,-/Kg of final product equivalent to Rp. 1.000.000.000,-/year of production could be overcome.
Using internal transcribed spacers 2 (ITS2) to identify seaweed species from Tomini Bay and Banten Bay
Authors: Dharmayanti N , Abinawanto  , Anti A
Published: May 2019

Samples collected from two coastal areas by diving and using a boat. The fresh seaweed morphologically identified while the dried samples collected to be used for DNA testing. Previous research has been shown that there is an influence from environmental parameters on seaweed composition so that the water quality testing was carried out to determine the dominance of wild seaweed water. We conducted genomes extraction, PCR amplification, DNA sequencing testing, alignment with MEGA 7 application and made phylogeny tree, which are distributed at Tomini bay Dictyota sp., Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Polysiphonia sp., and Banten bay as Sargassum sp. This study evaluated the feasibility of using the ITS2 marker to identify some wild seaweed species, from Tomini Bay and Banten Bay waters. Five wild seaweed species collected from these waters were submitted for DNA barcoding. Currently available universal primers for ITS2 region amplification were sufficient to be successfully amplified and the result of DNA amplification continue to be sequenced. In conclusion, the data presented here indicates that ITS2 are useful markers for DNA barcoding of wild seaweed, with advantage for ITS2 due to the larger availability of analytical tools and reference barcodes deposited at databases for this marker.
Fish community structure at the Bogowonto River Estuary of Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Djumanto  , Permatasari A , Iqtivaningsih E , Setyobudi E , Probosunu N
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of fish species, and the role of the Bogowonto River estuary as the nursery and feeding ground of fishes. Seven sampling stations were determined in the estuary of Bogowonto River. Fish samples were identified, and measured the length and weight. The results showed that 2235 fishes were caught consisting of 38 species. The monthly Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 1.05 to 2.38, while the evenness index (E) ranged from 0.44 to 0.74, and the species richness index (D) ranged from 0.22 to 0.45. The diversity index at each station showed the range of 1.72 to 2.29, and the evenness index ranged from 0.59 to 0.85, while the evenness index ranged from 0.22 to 0.34. The presence of the most numerous species namely Mystus gulio had the occurrence of 35.35%, and the second largest number was Moolgarda engeli 14.08% then Ambassis macrachantus 11.54%. Most fishes were juvenile with average size of <10 cm and weight <15 g. Bogowonto River estuary has played an important role in providing a nursery, feeding and spawning ground for marine, brackish and freshwater fishes.
Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum plagyophyllum and Eucheuma cottonii methanol extracts
Authors: Dolorosa M T , Nurjanah  , Purwaningsih S , Anwar E , Hidayat T
Published: May 2019

Tyrosinase is an enzyme that plays a role in the formation of melanin on two reactions, namely monophenolase and diphenolase. The process of melanin formation can be reduced through the inhibition mechanism of the tyrosinase enzyme. Seaweeds are natural organisms that have recognized lightening agents. Sargassum plagyophyllum contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins while Eucheuma cottonii contains alkaloids and terpenoids. The aim of this research was to determine the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of seaweeds. The yield of methanol extract amounted to 1.342% in S. plagyophyllum and 0.2599% in E. cottonii. The inhibitory activity of tyrosine is performed by measuring enzymatic reaction using L-tyrosine (monophenolase) and L-DOPA (diphenolase) substrates and presented as IC50 value. The IC50 values of kojic acid as a positive control were 15.566 μg/mL for monophenolase and 29.156 μg/mL for diphenolase. The IC50 values of S. plagyophyllum and E. cottonii methanol extracts for monophenolase were 2195.206 μg/mL and 2691.478 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of methanol extract was 1769.336 μg/mL for S. plagyophyllum and 2631.648 μg/mL for E. cottonii on diphenolase. Methanol extracts from these two species of seaweed have the potential to be developed as bioactive compounds in skin lightening cosmetics.
Dietary exposure assessment and risk characterization of lead based on lead contaminant research (online) in Indonesia and Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey (IFCS)
Authors: Efanny M , Andarwulan N , Yuliana N D
Published: May 2019

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the potential of lead dietary intake in the Indonesian population. Dietary exposure assessment requires information on lead concentration in food and food consumption data. The data of lead concentration in food was a secondary data obtained through online research from several online scientific resources with keywords “lead in food, lead contamination”. Food consumption data were obtained from Indonesian Individual Food Consumption Survey. Lead dietary intakes were estimated with a deterministic approaches that used lead concentration in food and maximum level (ML) of lead in food based on Indonesia Nation Agency of Drug and Food Control (INA-DFC) regulation with the average value of food consumption. Risk characterization was conducted by comparing dietary intakes with a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI). The results have shown that the infant group (0-59 months) had highest lead dietary intakes. Lead dietary intakes of mean concentration of lead from references are lower than lead dietary intake of INA-DFC ML of lead in all age groups. Risk characterization results showed that lead dietary intake of average level data and ML are at high risk (>100% PTWI) in all age groups. Major contributors to lead dietary intakes are fish and seafood.
Implementation kaizen method for reducing losses percentage of octopus frozen processing at PT. XYZ Makassar
Authors: Fauzan P I , Purnomo A H , Dharmayanti N , Siregar A N
Published: May 2019

PT. XYZ is one of the companies in Makassar which engaged in the processing of octopus commodity. This study was aimed to identify factors contributing to the losses using kaizen method in a raw octopus processing industry. The factors contributing to the losses were identified from direct observation during octopus processing and analyzing company’s data records from February until April 2018. The direct observation on gutting employees discovered the average shrinking size for A grade (2000 g-up) was 9.1%, B grade (1000-2000 g) was 10%, and C grade (0-1000g) was 10.6%. Inconsistencies were found after analyzing the data records at the gutting stage. While the standard gutting percentage is 12% on all octopus raw material sizes, the actual average gutting value was 13.7%. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a higher standard for optimizing corporate profits. The saving gained per 1% weight on C grade was estimated Rp 758,240,000,-/year while B grade was Rp 996,544,000,-/year, and A grade was Rp 1,191,520,000,-/year. These savings can be achieved by the addition of supervision during gutting process and sortation purchasing employee, training for employee awareness and work system applied by the company.
Antifungal activity of chitosan oligomer prepared using chitosanase of Aeromonas media KLU 11.16
Authors: Fawzya Y N , Trisdayanti  , Wibowo S , Noriko N
Published: May 2019

Chitosan oligomer is a hydrolysis product of chitosan which can be prepared by enzymatic method, including chitosanase that may be produced by bacteria. Previously, chitosanase from Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 has been purified and characterized. The aim of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of chitosan oligomer prepared by using Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 chitosanase, as antifungal. Chitosan oligomer was prepared from shrimp waste chitosan, and hydrolyzed by 8U chitosanase per gram chitosan. The reaction time was for 2, 3 and 4 hours at 30°C. The oligomer produced then determined their yields and viscosities; and was identified by using a thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antifungal activity test against Aspergilus flavus, A. niger, Eurotium amstelodami and Emericella nidulans was performed on selected oligomers based on consideration of yield and TLC result, with oligomer concentrations of 0; 50; 100 and 200 ppm. The result showed that hydrolysis chitosan by Aeromonas media KLU 11.16 chitosanase for 4 hours reduced the viscosity from 187.5 to 13 cPs, and produced oligomers 96.14% of yield. The oligomers identified by TLC were monomer (1 unit) to hexamer (6 unit), and showed their antifungal activity against the four fungi tested. The best inhibition was showed by 200 ppm of oligomer against A. flavus.
Effect of various planting distances on growth and carrageenan yield of Kappaphycus alvarezii (doty) using seedlings produced from mass selection combined with tissue-cultured method
Authors: Febriyanti F , Aslan L O M , Iba W , Patadjai A B , Nurdin A R
Published: May 2019

Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty), a red seaweed, is the most widely cultivated commodity in Indonesia. However, there is a decline in the cultivation production in the last three years. One way to overcome this problem is by improving the quality of seedlings through a development of farming. Efforts made from these are to develop farming techniques using different planting distances (PD) treatments. This study aimed to determine the effect of different PD on growth and carrageenan yield of K. alvarezii using seedlings produced from mass selection combined with tissue-cultured method. This research was conducted in Marobo coastal waters, Bone District, Muna Regency, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments based on different PD and five replications. The treatments were A: 10 cm PD, B: 15 cm PD, and C: 20 cm PD. The results show that the daily growth rate (DGR) of all treatments tended not to differ significantly. For 10 cm PD, the DGR tended to be higher and significantly different from the other two treatments, 15 cm and 20 cm. DGR averagely were 6.00±1.19%/day, 5.36±1.17%/day, and 5.27±1.62%/day for 10, 15, and 20 cm PD, respectively. The ratio of fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) showed no significant differences among treatments. Ratio of FW:DW treatments of 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm were 8.34:1, 9.58:1, and 8.98:1, respectively. For carrageenan yield, the treatment of 20 cm PD showed highest yield and it was significantly different from other treatments. Seaweed diseases and epiphytes found during this study were ice-ice and epiphytes (Sargassum polychystum).
The potency of green algae Chaetomorpha crassa Agardh as antioxidant agent from the coastal of Lhok Bubon, West Aceh
Authors: Gazali M , Zamani N P , Nurjanah
Published: May 2019

The coastal of Lhok Bubon at West Aceh district, Aceh Province is ideal habitat for macro algae, such as Chaetomorpha crassa. The objectives of this paper is to analyse the antioxidant activity of C. crassa; to determine their antioxidant activities correlation with total phenolic contents with different extract of marine macroalgae. The C. crassa samples were collected from the coastal area of Lhok Bubon, West Aceh District (latitude 4011’51.07”N; longitude 9601’42.33”E) Aceh Province, Indonesia in June 2017. Several assay by laboratory approach including chemical composition, extraction, phytochemical screening, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP assays and measurement of total phenolic content (TPC) was used. The result showed that the antioxidant activities of three extract of green algae C.crassa clearly indicated that they possess antioxidant activity in different method including DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP. The correlation has indicated to correlate positively between the total phenol content and antioxidant activity with three methods of antioxidant activity.
Macroalgae on the Rocky Shore of the Southern Coast of Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Handayani T
Published: May 2019

The rocky shore of the southern coast of Garut, which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, is strongly influenced by large energy waves. This condition has an impact on marine biota, especially macroalgae. Macroalgae that grow in these waters are macroalgae with high adaptation. The aims of this study were to determine the diversity, adaptation and potency of macroalgae on the rocky shore of the southern coast of Garut, West Java. Observation of macroalgae on the southern coast of Garut was conducted on May 2016. The study was conducted in nine locations, namely Bubujung, Karang Paranje, Santolo Indah, Karang Papak, Taman Manalusu, Cicalobak, Karang Wangi, Ranca Buaya 1 dan Ranca Buaya 2. Macroalgae samples were collected by the transect quadrate method. Parameters measured were species, standing crops biomass and substrates of macroalgae. A total of 44 species (21 genera) of macroalgae have been successfully collected from the southern coast of Garut, West Java. The adaptation of macroalgae on the large energy waves was by morphological changes. There are 13 of 21 genera of macroalgae that were collected which were the economically potential. Hormophysa, Padina, Sargassum and Turbinaria are alginate producers, whereas, Gelidiella and Gracilaria are agarose producers.
Environmental characteristics of mangrove forest as a reference for development of mud Crab Scylla serrata cultivation: A case study in Mojo Village, Ulujami, Pemalang
Authors: Hastuti Y P , Nirmala K , Suryani I , Prasetiyo S L
Published: May 2019

Mud carb is one of the fisheries commodities that has a high economical value. Production of mud carb still depends on the wild stock for the seed, while the production from aquaculture sector has not been well established yet. Aquasilviculture is one of the options to develop aquaculture sector for this commodity in mangrove forest. This research aims to analyze and evaluate environment parameters that affected mud crab production in mangrove forest ecosystem at Mojo village, Ulujami, Pemalang. This research was conducted based on the survey method. The result from physical-chemistry analysis of the water in mud crab habitat showed that the most affecting factor in mud crab production was salinity. The production of mud crab tends to be high in salinity level between 21-25 g/L. From this result, site selection with stable water salinity should be considered for the development of mud crab aquasilviculture.
Antioxidant and antifungal activities of collagen hydrolysates from skin of milkfish (Chanos chanos) hydrolyzed using various bacillus proteases
Authors: Kusumaningtyas E , Nurilmala M , Sibarani D
Published: May 2019

The skin of fish contains collagen which can be used as a material for food, pharmacy or cosmetics. Collagen from fish is a good source of bioactive peptides which are produce through enzymatic hydrolysis and may be beneficial for human health. This research was conducted to investigate antioxidant and antifungal activities of milkfish (Chanos chanos) collagen which was hydrolyzed by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis proteases. The collagen was isolated from milkfish skin and the hydrolysis was done using B. licheniformis protease and crude protease from B. thuringiensis at alkaline condition, 55°C for 30 and 60 minutes. The hydrolysates obtained were assayed for antioxidant activities using ABTS and DPPH methods and antifungal activities against Candida albicans. The results showed that generally, collagen hydrolyzed using B. thuringiensis protease both 30 and 60 minutes showed higher antioxidant activities than of that hydrolyzed using B. licheniformis protease. The hydrolysates also reduced C. albicans at least for 5 log cycles. The results indicated that collagen hydrolyzed using B. thuringiensis protease is very potent as antioxidant and antifungal against C. albicans in future pharmaceutical product.
Extraction and characterization of sodium alginates from Sargassum polycystum for manufacturing of tuna (Thunnus sp.) meatballs
Authors: Mokoginta M K , Indriati N , Dharmayanti N , Nurbani S Z
Published: May 2019

Sargassumsp. is a type of seaweed that produces a high enough amount of alginate. Alginate is a natural anionic polysaccharide derived from the cell wall of seaweed. Alginate has several advantages such as sodium tripoliphospat, commonly used as one of the ingredients for meatballs. The purpose of this study was to identify brown algae used as samples, find out how to extract alginate, find out the quality of alginate produced, and apply alginate to the manufacture of tuna meatballs. The results showed that the sample of seaweed used wasSargassum polycystum.Alginate extraction process was done using Le-Gluahec-Herter method with ten stages of process. The resulting sodium alginate had a moisture content of 9.61%, ash content of 22%, pH level of 9.4 and a viscosity of 50 Cp. The character of the results met the 1981 Food Chemical Codex (FCC) standard for the food industry. The application of alginate to the manufacture of tuna meatballs can improve the texture of the resulting meatballs. The results of quality testing meatballs with chemical parameters and microbiology met the quality standards of fish meatballs, SNI 7266-2014.
Application of refined carrageenan (RC) in the non-gluten crispy fish seaweed product processing
Authors: Murti T P , Purnomo A H , Dharmayanti N , Salampessy R B S
Published: May 2019

Crispy fish seaweed is an innovative fisheries product. The chance to meet such expectation is high because, in crispy fish seaweed, two ingredients namely wheat flour as gluten and almond powder as vegetable protein are replaced by more nutritious component namely cornstarch as non-gluten, catfish meat as fish protein and refined carrageenan as an additive. This research aimed to find the best formula of crispy fish seaweed, through a series of modifications to the ingredient composition, associated with their characteristics and the property of the resulting product using web diagram sensory method. The results showed that the best formula is: 200 g catfish meat, 10 g margarine, 1 egg, 20 g cornstarch, 1 g cake emulsifier, 1 g carrageenan, 0.5 g salt, and 6 g garlic. The formula gives a sensory value of appearance 9, smell 9, taste 9, texture 9, crunchy 9. Other characteristics of the formula are: moisture content of 1.5%, 3.7 % ash, 54% protein, 11.6% fat, 29.6% carbohydrate, TPC 1.8 x 102, negative yeast, and total energy of 329.1 Kcal. This research also recommends a packaging and label design which is in accordance with the Indonesia Law No 7 of year 1996.
Characteristics of green seaweed salt as alternative salt for hypertensive patients
Authors: Nufus C , Abdullah A , Nurjanah
Published: May 2019

Seaweeds from seashore contain high nutrient and various bioactive compounds that have various beneficial roles such as antioxidant property. Antioxidants can improve health and play a role in preventing the emergence of chronic diseases. This study was aimed to characterize green seaweed salt antioxidant activity. The study consisted of analysis of the mineral, and NaCl content, as well as determination of the antioxidant activity of green seaweed salt by CUPRAC and FRAP method. Different factors affecting salt quality and antioxidant activityincluding types of seaweed (Caulerpa lentillifera and Halimeda opuntia), temperatures (40°C, 55°C and 70°C) and extraction times (10 and 30 minutes) were evaluated. The results showed that the interaction between seaweed, time and temperature did not significantly affect the level of salt content, but significantly affected the Na:K ratio and NaCl content. Salt of C. lentillifera treated at 40°C for 30 minutes showed the highest antioxidant activity measured with FRAP method (137. 07 μmol trolox/g), while salt of H. opuntia treated at 40°C treatment for 30 minutes gave the highest antioxidant activity as measured by CUPRAC method (58.14 μmol trolox/g).
Model of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) distribution due to coastal mining in Western Coast of Kundur Island part of Berhala Strait
Authors: Nurjaya I W , Surbakati H , Natih N M N
Published: May 2019

The Berhala Strait is located between the islands of Sumatra and Kundur Island with natural resources on the seabed in the form of lead. One of the state-owned mining companies is PT Tambang Timah that has the authorization to exploit lead on the west coast of Kundur Island. Typical oceanographic conditions of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) range from 35-37 mg/L, naturally large rivers that flow into the east coast of Sumatra contributed to the increase of TSS. Indications of the process can be seen from the range of surface salinity in these waters ranging from 25.5-28.0 psu. Mining activities at coastal waters have the high potential to increase turbidity in the water column. The scenario in this TSS distribution model is based on 2D-hydrodynamics model. The increase of TSS within the seawater is caused by the operation of dredgers (6 units) and suction vessels (11 units). TSS Model is built for two different monsoons, the northeast and southeast monsoons. Lead/metal mining activities in the west coast waters of Kundur Island cause an increasing TSS concentration up to 90-100 mg/L. TSS distribution patterns from mining activities will be explained simultaneously in 2 different monsoons.
The spatial pattern relationship between SST and chlorophyll-a in Lemuru Bleeker, 1853 catches in Bali Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Pertami N D , Nurjaya I W , Damar A , Rahardjo M F
Published: May 2019

Lemuru Bleeker, 1853 is one of the most commonly found species in pelagic fisheries in Bali Strait. Data from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra satellite remote sensing, collected over a period of nine years from 2007 to 2015, were used to observe the spatial relationship between lemuru catches, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration in the Bali Strait, Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to provide information about the spatial relationship between lemuru catches and both marine environmental parameters. Linear correlation analysis was carried out to determine the level of relationship with the restriction of the analysis of long-term and seasonal relationships. The results showed that during the year of observation, lemuru catches showed a declining trend. Lemuru catches showed a correlation with SST and chl-a concentration, as clearly indicated by high responses in DJF (December-January-February) and SON (September-October-November) months and unclear responses in MAM (March-April-Mei) months and JJA (June-July-August) months. In DJF, the spatial relationship between both marine environmental parameters and lemuru catches was high in the central part of the strait and in SON in the northwestern part of the strait.
Oxygen consumption of Mugil cephalus on several temperatures under brackish water conditions
Authors: Prakoso V A , Kim K T , Ryu J H , Min B H , Chang Y J
Published: May 2019

Two experimental groups were applied to measure oxygen consumption (OC) of young grey mulletsMugil cephalus(TL: 27.3±2.1 cm; TW: 187.9±45.8 g) at different temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C). Specimens of fish from seawater (30 psu) and freshwater (0 psu) were transferred in to brackish water (15 psu). Rate of fish OC after rearing in brackish water, showed significant difference (P<0.05) in that the grey mullets consumed 90.9, 116.8, and 172.1 mg O2/kg/h at temperatures of 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively. In fish from freshwater transferred to brackish water, grey mullets consumed 80.5, 114.4, and 161.5 mg O2/kg/h at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the highest oxygen consumption was found at 25°C compared to those at 15 and 20°C. However, the OC from both groups did not differ significantly (P>0.05). It can be concluded, that the OC rate of grey mullets on brackish water has the tendency to increase by temperature rise.