bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When can we stop anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis?
Authors: Lee Agnes Y. Y.
Published: December 2017

The optimal duration of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. Without well-designed studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of continuing anticoagulant therapy beyond the acute treatment period of 3 to 6 months, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Consensus guidelines generally suggest continuing anticoagulation treatment in patients with active cancer or receiving cancer treatment, with periodic reassessment of the risks and benefits. Unfortunately, with very little published data on the epidemiology of cancer-associated VTE beyond the initial 6 months, it is not possible for clinicians and patients to weigh risks and benefits in a quantitatively informed manner. Further research is needed to provide reliable and contemporary estimates on the risk of recurrent VTE off anticoagulant therapy, risk of bleeding on anticoagulant therapy, case fatality or all-cause mortality, and other important consequences of living with cancer-associated VTE. This chapter provides an overview of the published literature on real-world data on anticoagulant therapy use, the risks and risk factors of recurrent VTE and bleeding, and patient preference and values regarding long-term anticoagulation treatment. It will conclude with a pragmatic, experience-informed approach for tailoring anticoagulant therapy in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: from origins to outcomes
Authors: Nangalia Jyoti , Green Anthony R.
Published: December 2017

Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenetic basis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The discovery of mutations in JAK2 over a decade ago heralded a new age for patient care as a consequence of improved diagnosis and the development of therapeutic JAK inhibitors. The more recent identification of mutations in calreticulin brought with it a sense of completeness, with most patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm now having a biological basis for their excessive myeloproliferation. We are also beginning to understand the processes that lead to acquisition of somatic mutations and the factors that influence subsequent clonal expansion and emergence of disease. Extended genomic profiling has established a multitude of additional acquired mutations, particularly prevalent in myelofibrosis, where their presence carries prognostic implications. A major goal is to integrate genetic, clinical, and laboratory features to identify patients who share disease biology and clinical outcome, such that therapies, both existing and novel, can be better targeted.
A pilot study to determine the effect of one physical therapy session on physical activity levels for individuals with chronic low back pain
Authors: Brewer Wayne , Swanson Brian T. , Roddey Toni S. , Adewale Habeeblai , Ashmore Caleb , Frerich Jennifer , Perrin Cory , Ortiz Alexis
Published: December 2017

Background

A pilot study was conducted to quantify the effect size of changes in physical activity after of one session of physical therapy for individuals with chronic low back pain and to determine factors that predict daily sedentary activity time.

Methods

Fourteen subjects with at least 3 days of physical activity accelerometer data were analyzed before and after one session of physical therapy. Data was analyzed using 1-tailed, paired t-tests with level of significance set at 0.05. Effect sizes were computed using the baseline and post intervention mean differences divided by the baseline and post-intervention differences in the standard deviation.

Results

A nonsignificant reduction in steps-per-day and time spent performing sedentary activities, with increases in light and moderate–vigorous physical activity were found (effect size: 0.15–0.33). A nonsignificant decrease in daily sitting and standing time 1 week immediately following the physical therapy session and an increase in daily lying time (p = 0.03) (effect size: 0.23–0.69) were found.

Conclusion

One physical therapy session resulted in a small physical activity change for individuals with chronic low back pain. Baseline and post intervention levels of pain catastrophisation and perceptions of disability need to be explored in future studies to determine if these are factors that influence levels of physical activity change for these individuals Results are limited by the small sample size, however the ability to increase physical activity in this population may be of clinical relevance.

Trial Registration NCT02823756; June 30, 2016: Retrospectively Registered
The Fabrication of an Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Double-Layer 2D-Network (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane Polymer and Platinum-Prussian Blue Hybrid Film
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Qi Kun
Published: December 2017

A label-free amperometric immunosensor using Prussian blue as an artificial peroxidase to detect methamphetamine was developed. The immunosensor exhibited excellent stability even in neutral and weakly alkaline conditions. Platinum-Prussian blue (Pt-PB) hybrid film co-deposited on an electrode was coated with double-layer 2D-network 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (3-MPS), the thiols on which were utilized to absorb nano-Au in order to capture antibody. The Pt nanoparticle in the hybrid film acted not only as a carrier of PB to stabilize the PB film, but also a modifier for catalytic function because it increased the size of the lattice channels in PB film. Meanwhile, the double-layer 2D-network 3-MPS film could help stabilizing the Pt-PB film with its densely-packed structure and its homogeneous and defect-free characteristics. The signal readout was obtained electrochemically via PB-catalyzed H2O2 evolution reaction, which was inversely proportional to the concentration of methamphetamine in the sample. Thus, methamphetamine could be detected in 1.0 × 10−8 M–4.0 × 10−6 M by the immunosensor.
Impact of trichiasis surgery on daily living: A longitudinal study in Ethiopia
Authors: Habtamu Esmael , Wondie Tariku , Aweke Sintayehu , Tadesse Zerihun , Zerihun Mulat , Melak Berhanu , Gashaw Bizuayehu , Callahan Kelly , Emerson Paul M. , Bailey Robin L. , Mabey David C.W. , Rajak Saul N. , Kuper Hannah , Polack Sarah , Macleod David , Weiss Helen A. , Burton Matthew J.
Published: December 2017

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis (TT) may lead to disability, impeding productive activities, resulting in loss of income. This study was conducted to determine if trichiasis surgery improves participation in productive and leisure activities, and ability to perform activities without difficulty or assistance.

Methods: We recruited 1000 adults with trichiasis (cases) and 200 comparison participants, matched to every fifth trichiasis case on age (+/- two years), sex and location. The ‘Stylised Activity List’ tool, developed for the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey, was adapted to collect data on activity in the last week (participation in activity, difficulty with activity, requirement of assistance for activity), at baseline and 12 months later. All trichiasis cases received trichiasis surgery at baseline. Random effect logistic regression was used to compare cases and comparison participants.

Results: There was strong evidence that trichiasis surgery substantially improves the ability of trichiasis cases to perform all the productive and leisure activities investigated without difficulty, with large increases in processing agricultural products, 21.1% to 87.0% (p<0.0001), farming, 19.1% to 82.4% (p<0.0001), and fetching wood, 25.3% to 86.0% (p<0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases who could perform activities without assistance, with the largest increases in animal rearing 54.2% to 92.0% (p<0.0001) and farming 73.2% to 96.4% (p<0.0001). There was no change in the proportion of comparison participants performing activities without difficulty or assistance. The change in most of the activities in cases was independent of visual acuity improvement and recurrent TT at 12 months. One year after trichiasis surgery, the proportion of cases reporting ocular pain reduced from 98.9% to 33.7% (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Eyelid surgery for TT improves functional capabilities regardless of vision gains. These data lend strong support to the view that TT surgery improves function and contributes to improved household income and wealth.
Toward a Structural Model of Organizational-Level Institutional Pluralism and Logic Interconnectedness
Authors: Jancsary Dennis , Meyer Renate E. , Höllerer Markus A. , Barberio Vitaliano
Published: December 2017

In this article, we develop a structural model for studying how constellations of multiple institutional logics are instantiated at the organizational level. Conceptually, we complement an institutional logics perspective with structural interactionism and network theory and model a constellation as a nexus of organizational role identities and counterroles. The structure of such a nexus reveals degrees of differentiation and interconnectedness between logics as well as distinct interfaces. We validate and further develop our model through qualitative content analysis and semantic network analytical methods applied to the website of a large organization. Our study contributes to recent literature on institutional pluralism by further specifying the structural aspects of constellations of logics and different types of institutional pluralism (monolithic, fragmented, and modular). Specifically, we show how systems of role categories enable the identification of logics, and how multivocal roles create interfaces between them. We propose logic permeability as a structural attribute of a logic to describe the totality of interfaces it entertains with other logics within a constellation.
How practitioner training impacts children's speech
Authors: Clegg Judy
Published: December 2017

Professional development is key to improving our knowledge and experience in order to develop and make provision better, but does it work? We look at the impact on children's speech and language development.
We are beginning to hear the male voice in childcare
Authors: Laxton Debra
Published: December 2017

Has there been a shift in thinking and practice in relation to men working in the early years? Here, we talk to two Early Years Teachers about their thoughts and experiences of educating and caring in settings.
Acute stress and frontline healthcare providers
Authors: Naumann David N , McLaughlin Aisling , Thompson Christopher V , Hardy Elaine , Fellows Jodie L , Crombie Nicholas C
Published: December 2017

Background:

Repeated exposure to stress increases the risk of acute stress response (ASR) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Aims:

The authors aimed to investigate ASR/PTSD symptoms among a multidisciplinary population of frontline health professionals who care for injured and critically unwell patients.

Methods:

A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire included an Impact of Events Scale-revised (IES-R) assessment, addressed stressors, teamwork, and mentorship. An IES-R score of >33 indicated symptoms in keeping with ASR (lasting <1 month) and PTSD (lasting >1 month).

Findings:

15% (27/181) of returned questionnaires had an IES-R score >33; 19 had symptoms >1 month. Seven participants with IES-R >33 group had sought professional help. Less than half knew of a mentorship programme at their place of work.

Conclusion:

There is a hidden, untreated burden of stress symptoms among frontline emergency healthcare providers, and a variable environment of mentorship and teamwork. Attention is warranted if patient safety is to be optimised.
Efficiency of basis elements and fuzzy weighted graph
Authors: Manjusha R. , Kuriakose A. Sunny
Published: December 2017

Graph theory can be applied in the planning and scheduling of large
complicated projects. The nodes of graph are taken as the milestones
that are uniquely placed in the work place. Many problems of such
work place depends on the efficiency of the nodes in the respective work
place. This paper explains how to augment the efficiency of the devices
used at each nodes using fuzzy set theory.
‘Hot Joints’ infection protocol reduces unnecessary post-operative re-admissions following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dattilo J. , Gittings D. , Sloan M. , Charette R. , Hume E. , Lee G-C.
Published: December 2017

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of an institutionally developed algorithm for evaluation and diagnosis of prosthetic joint injection and to determine the impact of this protocol on overall hospital re-admissions.p

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 2685 total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients prior to (1263) and following (1422) the introduction of an infection detection protocol. The protocol used conservative thresholds for C-reactive protein to direct the medical attendant to aspirate the joint. The protocol incorporated a clear set of laboratory and clinical criteria that allowed a patient to be discharged home if all were met. Patients were included if they presented to our emergency department within 120 days post-operatively with concerns for swelling, pain or infection and were excluded if they had an unambiguous infection or if their chief complaint was non-orthopaedic in nature.

Results

Concern for infection was the single most common (32%) reason for presentation. A total of 296 patients made an emergency visit and were included following THA or TKA. In the pre-protocol cohort, 11 of 27 patients were formally re-admitted to the hospital with concern for infection but only five (45%) patients had actual infections and received additional treatment. In comparison, in the post-protocol cohort, 11 patients were admitted for suspected infection, nine (82%) of whom were truly infected (p = 0.04). Sensitivity increased from 83% to 100% and specificity increased from 71% to 96%. Implementation of this protocol did not miss any infections.

Conclusion

A standardised protocol for evaluation of THA and TKA infections significantly reduced unnecessary hospital re-admissions. The protocol was both sensitive and specific and did not compromise quality of care. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1603–10.
High prevalence of acetabular retroversion in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Wassilew G. I. , Heller M. O. , Janz V. , Perka C. , Müller M. , Renner L.
Published: December 2017

Aims

This study sought to establish the prevalence of the cross over sign (COS) and posterior wall sign (PWS) in relation to the anterior pelvic plane (APP) in an asymptomatic population through reliable and accurate 3D-CT based assessment.

Materials and Methods

Data from pelvic CT scans of 100 asymptomatic subjects (200 hips) undertaken for conditions unrelated to disorders of the hip were available for analysis in this study. A previously established 3D analysis method was applied to assess the prevalence of the COS and PWS in relation to the APP.

Results

Of the 200 included hips, 24% (48) presented a positive COS and 5.5% (11) presented a positive PWS. A combination of COS and PWS was observed in 1% (two) of all hips (1%).

Conclusion

The high incidence of acetabular retroversion, determined by the COS, shows that this anatomic configuration may not differ in frequency between asymptomatic individuals and patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Patients presenting with hip pain and evidence of FAI should be subjected to strict diagnostic scrutiny and evaluated in the sum of their clinical and radiological presentation. In our cohort of asymptomatic adults, the COS showed a higher incidence than the PWS or a combined COS/PWS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1584–9.
Stable migration of peri-apatite-coated uncemented tibial components in a multicentre study
Authors: Dunbar M. J. , Laende E. K. , Collopy D. , Richardson C. G.
Published: December 2017

Aims

Hydroxyapatite coatings for uncemented fixation in total knee arthroplasty can theoretically provide a long-lasting biological interface with the host bone. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis with propriety hydroxyapatite, peri-apatite, coated tibial components using component migration measured with radiostereometric analysis over two years as an indicator of long-term fixation.

Patients and Methods

A total of 29 patients at two centres received uncemented PA-coated tibial components and were followed for two years with radiostereometric analysis exams to quantify the migration of the component.

Results

While there was significant variation in individual migration patterns, the overall migration of the tibial component in the study group demonstrated a pattern of initial migration followed by stabilisation after one year, with mean maximum total point motion (MTPM) of 0.02 mm (standard deviation (sd) 0.20) between one and two years post-operatively. The direction of greatest motion was subsidence, which stabilised at three months post-operatively (mean translation of 0.21 mm, sd 0.40).

Conclusion

The tibial component migration pattern of stabilisation in the second post-operative year is indicative of successful long-term fixation for this PA-coated tibial component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1596–1602.
Minimising aseptic loosening in extreme bone resections
Authors: Stevenson J. D. , Wigley C. , Burton H. , Ghezelayagh S. , Morris G. , Evans S. , Parry M. , Jeys L.
Published: December 2017

Aims

Following the resection of an extensive amount of bone in the treatment of a tumour, the residual segment may be insufficient to accept a standard length intramedullary cemented stem. Short-stemmed endoprostheses conceivably have an increased risk of aseptic loosening. Extra-cortical plates have been added to minimise this risk by supplementing fixation. The aim of this study was to investigate the survivorship of short-stemmed endoprostheses and extra-cortical plates.

Patients and Methods

The study involved 37 patients who underwent limb salvage surgery for a primary neoplasm of bone between 1998 and 2013. Endoprosthetic replacement involved the proximal humerus in nine, the proximal femur in nine, the distal femur in 13 and the proximal tibia in six patients. There were 12 primary (32%) and 25 revision procedures (68%). Implant survivorship was compared with matched controls. The amount of bone that was resected was > 70% of its length and statistically greater than the standard control group at each anatomical site.

Results

The mean follow-up was seven years (one to 17). The mean length of the stem was 33 mm (20 to 60) in the humerus and 79 mm (34 to 100) in the lower limb. Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival of the implant according to anatomical site confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference between the short-stemmed endoprostheses and the standard stemmed controls at the proximal humeral (p = 0.84), proximal femoral (p = 0.57), distal femoral (p = 0.21) and proximal tibial (p = 0.61) sites. In the short-stemmed group, no implants with extra-cortical plate osseointegration suffered loosening at a mean of 8.5 years (range 2 to 16 years). Three of ten (30%) without osseointegration suffered aseptic loosening at a mean of 7.7 years (range 2 to 11.5 years).

Conclusion

When extensive resections of bone are required in the surgical management of tumours, and in revision cases, the addition of extra-cortical plates to short medullary stems has shown non-inferiority to standard length medullary stems and minimises aseptic failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1689–95.
Ten-year follow-up study of three alternative bearing surfaces used in total hip arthroplasty in young patients
Authors: Atrey A. , Ward S. E. , Khoshbin A. , Hussain N. , Bogoch E. , Schemitsch E. H. , Waddell J. P.
Published: December 2017

Aims

We present the ten-year data of a cohort of patients, aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 52.7 years; 19 to 64), who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Patients were randomised to be treated with a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) femoral head with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing surface.

Patients and Methods

A total of 102 hips (91 patients) were randomised into the three groups. At ten years, 97 hips were available for radiological and functional follow-up. Two hips (two patients) had been revised (one with deep infection and one for periprosthetic fracture) and three were lost to follow-up. Radiological analysis was performed using a validated digital assessment programme to give linear, directional and volumetric wear of the two polyethylene groups.

Results

There was a significantly reduced rate of steady-state linear wear with XLPE (0.07 mm/yr) compared with UHMWPE (0.37 mm/yr) (p = 0.001). Volumetric wear was also significantly reduced in the XLPE group (29.29 mm3/yr) compared with the UHMWPE group (100.75mm3/yr) (p = 0.0001). There were six patients with UHMWPE who had non-progressive osteolysis and none in the XLPE group. All three bearing groups had significant improvements in 12-item short form health survey scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score and Harris Hip Score. However, the improvement in HSS was significantly less in the UHMWPE group (p = 0.0188) than in the other two groups. At ten years, the rates of volumetric and linear wear in the XLPE group remain low and predominantly below the estimated threshold for osteolysis (1 mm/yr). The rate of linear wear in the XLPE group was three times less than in the UHMWPE group at five-year follow-up and five times less at ten years. The rate of volumetric wear was also three times less in the XLPE group at ten years.

Conclusion

While CoC also performs well, XLPE at ten years remains a safe and excellent bearing option in young patients, with low rates of wear and no evidence of osteolysis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1590–5.
Do higher-volume hospitals provide better value in revision hip and knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Frisch N. B. , Courtney P. M. , Darrith B. , Della Valle C. J.
Published: December 2017

Aims

The purpose of this study is to determine if higher volume hospitals have lower costs in revision hip and knee arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods

We questioned the Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Charge Data and identified 789 hospitals performing a total of 29 580 revision arthroplasties in 2014. Centres were dichotomised into high-volume (performing over 50 revision cases per year) and low-volume. Mean total hospital-specific charges and inpatient payments were obtained from the database and stratified based on Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes. Patient satisfaction scores were obtained from the multiyear CMS Hospital Compare database.

Results

High-volume hospitals comprised 178 (30%) of the total but performed 15 068 (51%) of all revision cases, including 509 of 522 (98%) of the most complex DRG 466 cases. While high-volume hospitals had higher Medicare inpatient payments for DRG 467 ($21 458 versus $20 632, p = 0.038) and DRG 468 ($17 003 versus $16 120, p = 0.011), there was no difference in hospital specific charges between the groups. Higher-volume facilities had a better CMS hospital star rating (3.63 versus 3.35, p < 0.001). When controlling for hospital geographic and demographic factors, high-volume revision hospitals are less likely to be in the upper quartile of inpatient Medicare costs for DRG 467 (odds ratio (OR) 0.593, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.374 to 0.941, p = 0.026) and DRG 468 (OR 0.451, 95% CI 0.297 to 0.687, p <  0.001).

Conclusion

While a high-volume hospital is less likely to be a high cost outlier, the higher mean Medicare reimbursements at these facilities may be due to increased case complexity. Further study should focus on measures for cost savings in revision total joint arthroplasties. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1611–17.
The myths of ‘big data’ in health care
Authors: Jacofsky D. J.
Published: December 2017

‘Big data’ is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate. Billions of dollars have been spent on attempts to build predictive tools from large sets of poorly controlled healthcare metadata. Companies often sell reports at a physician or facility level based on various flawed data sources, and comparative websites of ‘publicly reported data’ purport to educate the public. Physicians should be aware of concerns and pitfalls seen in such data definitions, data clarity, data relevance, data sources and data cleaning when evaluating analytic reports from metadata in health care.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1571–6.
Comparing the public sphere in social networking services during a period of political upheaval: The three news channels’ Facebook accounts in the 2016 South Korean Presidential scandal
Authors: Song Dong Hyun , Son Chang Yong
Published: December 2017

This article examines the role of the social network services (SNSs) in constructing an online public sphere during a period of political upheaval. From October 2016 to March 2017, Korean politics was scandalized by former President Park Geun-hye’s legal malfeasance. It was revealed in October 2016 that she had shared classified documents with her friend, Ms Choi Soon-Sil, who had used her relationship with the president for her own political gain. The public demanded the president’s resignation, and the SNSs such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube played a significant role in delivering information about Park Geun-hye’s corruption. The article investigates the social networking sites’ roles in forming an online public sphere. It focuses its attention on the three South Korean television news channels’ Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company (JTBC), the Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) and the Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) Facebook accounts. The article contends that only the JTBC provided a significant platform for online critical engagement during the scandal compared with MBC and KBS.
Online radicalization and social media: A case study of Daesh
Authors: Kadivar Jamileh
Published: December 2017

The importance of the Internet and social media in politics has been demonstrated in previous years, when terms such as ‘Twitter revolution’ and ‘Facebook revolution’ were used repeatedly for several movements, and now new terms such as ‘digital threat’ and ‘digital Jihad’ are being used by many in similar fashion. In the age of the Internet, the advantages often associated with the democratizing effect of the Internet are creating an atmosphere for different users, such as Daesh. Global propaganda is an important part of Daesh’s activities, and radicalization is one of the realities of our era. Although the impact of the Internet and social media on processes of people’s radicalization remains a highly contested subject and has been one of the most controversial topics during the last decade, the main question is whether the Internet is the main factor in the radicalization of civilians, considering that some politicians and pundits have been discussing this issue over the past few years, or it is more of a communication tool, facilitator and catalyst, pushing people towards radicalization. In this article, I discuss two different approaches to the relationship between technology (online activities in different platforms) and radicalization. This article is part of an ongoing research project.
Book Review
Authors: De Wolf Ralf
Published: December 2017

Global Media and National Policies: The Return of the State, Terry Flew, Petros Iosifidis and Jeanette Steemers (eds) (2016)

London: Palgrave Macmillan, 228 pp.,

ISBN: 9781137493941, h/bk, £100
Research Outputs of England’s Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Database: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Chaudhry Zain , Mannan Fahmida , Gibson-White Angela , Syed Usama , Ahmed Shirin , Majeed Azeem
Published: December 2017

Background: Hospital administrative data, such as those provided by the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database in England, are increasingly being used for research and quality improvement. To date, no study has tried to quantify and examine trends in the use of HES for research purposes.Objective: To examine trends in the use of HES data for research.Methods: Publications generated from the use of HES data were extracted from PubMed and analysed. Publications from 1996 to 2014 were then examined further in the Science Citation Index (SCI) of the Thompson Scientific Institute for Science Information (Web of Science) for details of research specialty area.Results: 520 studies, categorised into 44 specialty areas, were extracted from PubMed. The review showed an increase in publications over the 18-year period with an average of 27 publications per year, however with the majority of output observed in the latter part of the study period. The highest number of publications was in the Health Statistics specialty area.Conclusion: The use of HES data for research is becoming more common. Increase in publications over time shows that researchers are beginning to take advantage of the potential of HES data. Although HES is a valuable database, concerns exist over the accuracy and completeness of the data entered. Clinicians need to be more engaged with HES for the full potential of this database to be harnessed.
The impact of the quality of audit firms peer-review on tax evasion
Authors: Taha Hazem
Published: December 2017

This study examines the quality of audit firms peer-review impact on the audit activity on firms to disclose fair financial reports which will influences tax revenue of the countries and to reduce the Tax evasion. Audit Firms peer-review play a significant role in the countries tax evasion. The Audit Firms peer-review ensure that different investors and business in nations are confident and knowledgeable when making business decisions. The AICPA Peer Review is committed to improving the quality of auditing and accounting services.Â  The program is a universal assessment whose value in serving the interest public and companies lies in its remedial and educational nature.Â  Audit Firms peer-review has an impact on the collection of revenue considering the tests, there is an importance in the association between tax collected after auditing and before auditing. This demonstrates that there is increase in revenue collection after quality audit.Â
The Use of Flashcards in Improving Vocabulary Mastery of Students with Disability
Authors: Habibi Nugroho
Published: December 2017

This research comes from the weakness of vocabulary mastery of students with disability. This researcher used Classroom Action Research (CAR) in integrated classroom to improve vocabulary of the students with disability at the second grade of SMP Diponegoro, Junrejo, Batu in the academic year 2017/2018 by using flashcards. In this research, the researcher becomes a teacher while the English teacher becomes a volunteer or therapist to help, control and manage the class. The result of the study showed that before the implementation of flashcards, all students with disability’ score were under 75, with the lowest score was 50 and the highest score was 70. From six students with disability, no one passed Standard Minimum Criteria (KKM). Therefore, in the cycle 1, all students with disability passed Standard Minimum Criteria (KKM). The lowest score was 80 and the highest score was 100.[Penelitian ini berasal dari kelemahan kosakata siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Peneliti ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dikelas integrasi untuk meningkatkan kosakata siswa berkebutuhan khusus dikelas dua SMP Diponegoro, Junrejo, Batu tahun ajaran 2017/2018 dengan  menggunanakan flashcards. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berperan menjadi guru sementara itu guru bahasa Inggris menjadi relawan atau terapi untuk membantu, mengontrol dan mengatur kelas. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebelum implementasi flashcrads, nilai seluruh siswa berkebutuhan kusus dibawah 75, dengan nilai terrendah adalah 50 dan nilai tertinggi adalah 70. Dari enam siswa berkebutuhan khussu, tidak siswa ada yang melewati Kriteria ketuntatas minimal (KKM). Oleh karena itu, pada siklus 1, semua siswa berkebutuhan khusus melewati kriteria ketuntasan minimal (KKM). Dengan nilai terrendah 80 dan nilai tertinggi adalah 100.]
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE PADA INDUSTRI KREATIF GUNAMENGHADAPI GLOBALISASI DALAM RANGKA KETAHANAN NASIONAL
Authors: Romarina Arina
Published: December 2017

Perdagangan bebas dan krisis ekonomi global yang terjadi saat ini mengharuskan Indonesia berupaya keras untuk dapat bersaing baik di pasar dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Pengembangan ekonomi kreatif merupakan pilihan tepat untuk menjaga ketahanan (resiliensi) ekonomi dalam kondisi krisis global. Pertumbuhan ekonomi global yang masih lemah, tidak berimbang, dan rentan terhadap gejolak, tentunya mempengaruhi kestabilan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang akhirnya mengakibatkan kerentanan ekonomi. Pengembangan ekonomi kreatif merupakan pilihan tepat untuk menjaga ketahanan ekonomi dalam kondisi krisis global. Ketahanan Nasional tidak akan dapat tercapai jika pembangunan ekonomi pada sektor riil belum dapat terakomodasi dengan baik. Momentum globalisasi dan pasar bebas hendaknya memberikan sebuah kesempatan yang sangat baik bagi ekonomi kreatif namun jika tidak dikelola dengan baik akan menjadi risiko bagi pihak yang tidak mempersiapkan kompetensinya secara maksimal. Dengan besarnya ekspektasi pertumbuhan sektor ekonomi kreatif, kita dihadapkan pada tantangan untuk dapat menstimulasi terciptanya bentuk-bentuk kreativitas yang memiliki nilai lebih tinggi, termasuk nilai ekonomi dan kontribusinya bagi perekonomian.
FENOMENA PERILAKU MEMILIH PADA PILGUB JATENG 2013
Authors: Utomo Susilo
Published: December 2017

This study aims to explain the victory of the pair Ganjar Pranowo - Heru Sujatmoko (GaGah) in Pilgub jateng 2013 from the perspective of voting behavior. Is the figure or factor that determines victory party machine GaGah couple ? The research method used was a mixed method research, using depth interviews with key figures GaGah successful team. The results showed a victory GaGah couple in Pilgub jateng 2013 in because the pattern of voting behavior-oriented figure which represents the aspirations and expectations poles party (PDI-Perjuangan). PDI-Perjuangan which is the bearer party GaGah couple is a political machine that has a strong social basestructured and have a social network to the grassroots level.
PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER AGROINDUSTRI DI DESA GONDANGAN KECAMATAN JOGONALAN KLATEN
Authors: D Ida Susi , I Didik , W Asih Marini
Published: December 2017

SMEs snacks in Gondangan village has the potential to be developed. The village has the potential to be Gondangan Agro-industry region, although it is still much that needs to be repaired and prepared.This study aims to determine the attitude of the public about the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan into Agro-industry clusters and how community participation in the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan to be Agroindustri. Respondents in this study were the leaders and local community leaders, citizens, snack home industry in the region.This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data of this study is primary data and secondary data consists of qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data were obtained with the interview and focus group discussion.The results showed that the attitude of the public, snack ho,e industri actor and local governments support the development of the region as an area of Agro-Industry cluster. In terms of participation, the government showed a high participation and support by facilitating a variety of activities to realize the region of Agro-Industry cluster, while the snacks businessman as the main actor of Agro-industry development of the area did not show a high level of participation.
STRATEGI MARKETING POLITIK CALON INDEPENDEN DALAM KONTESTASI PILKADA SERENTAK TAHUN 2017 DI KABUPATEN BUTON SELATAN
Authors: Suherman Ansar , . Mansur
Published: December 2017

This research aims to know the marketing strategy of a political candidate from the independent online election Districts are simultaneously carried out in 2017. This research took South Buton regency location in Southeast Sulawesi Province and made of candidate La Ode Agus Mbaeda and La Ode Agus (AA) as a subject in the study because it comes from an independent or non-line political party. In identifying a political marketing strategy undertaken by the prospective spouses AA, researchers used a model of political marketing from Smith and Hirst, who use the three phases namely: segmentation, targeting, and positioning politics. The research approach applied in the research is descriptive qualitative approach. Through this approach, the problem can be a breakfast buffet clearly and details of segmentation, targeting, and Positioning Politics that will have an impact on the determination of strategies and tactics to win team consolidation. The results of this study found that the process of segmentation has been done by the team to win even though the process is not done thorough and complete. The team winning only focuses on one segment of the course, i.e. ethnic culture/social segments with the neglect of other segments which should be entered in part a process of segmentation. On the targeting of the winner, the team approach as a strategy of ethnic-based which is considered able to obtain support vote by utilizing custom personalities as the main target. It is a phenomenon in rural communities that the community would be so listen to what was said by the indigenous character. Primordialism approach in the context of rural communities in Indonesia can still be used as a decoy to get support. On the final stage, due to segmentation and targeting only focuses on one segment alone IE social culture/ethnicity, then the team winning more political positioning accentuates regional son issues because it is believed to be still strongly influences the perception community voters.
Strong antimicrobial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. against oral isolates of Lactobacillus spp.
Authors: Khadem Nezhad Sahar , Taghavi Zenouz Ali , Aghazadeh Marzieh , Samadi Kafil Hossein
Published: December 2017

Lactobacillus spp. are one of the first microorganisms involved in the development of dental caries in the first years of life of the child. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of alcoholic extract of hypericin against strains of Lactobacillus spp. and determine its related MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration); and cytotoxic effect against gingival fibroblasts. Antimicrobial activity and MIC were evaluated using micro broth dilution method based on CLSI (clinical and laboratory standards institute) protocols. Determination of cytotoxicity was done by using MTT assay protocol on gingival fibroblast cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours after adding different concentrations of alcoholic extract of hypericin. Hypericin extract had an antimicrobial effect on lactobacillus spp., and its MIC was determined to be 0.625µg/ml . The IC50 value after 24, 48 and 72 hours was obtained as 0.89Î¼g/ml, 0.7Î¼g/ml and 0.604Î¼g/ml, respectively. Hypericin extract MIC for L.acidophilus spp. was 0.625µg/ml and given that, MIC was less than IC50. This concentration does not have toxic effects on gingival fibroblast cells. The results of this study indicate that hypericin extract was able to eliminate acid producing strains in the mouth and can be evaluated as a suitable and safe substitute for mouthwashes and oral disinfectants.
Human haematological and epithelial tumor-derived cell lines express distinct patterns of onco-microRNAs
Authors: Biamonte Flavia , Zolea Fabiana , Santamaria Gianluca , Battaglia Anna M. , Cuda Giovanni , Costanzo Francesco
Published: December 2017

MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression thus playing a critical role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, a growing number of evidences highlights that miRNAs themselves are differentially expressed between normal and malignant tissues. In this study, we analysed differences in miRNA expression profile between haematological and epithelial tumor-derived cell lines and explored their role in definying different cancer cells phenotypes. Cancer Focus microRNA PCR Panel was used to analyze eighty-four oncomiRNAs in two human haematological (K562 and HL-60) and in two epithelial (H460 and MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify miRNA-specific signatures and to discover potentially deregulated pathways. Our analysis led to the identification of i) a large repertoire of miRNAs commonly expressed in the four cell lines, including two equally highly expressed (UPmiRs) and four equally low expressed (DNmiRs); ii) two miRNAs signatures, one associated with the haematological and one with the epithelial cell lines; iii) miRNA signatures specific for the acute or for the chronic myeloid leukemic cells; iv) miRNA signatures specific for the lung or for the breast carcinoma cells. As a whole, these results strengthen the significance of miRNAs profiling in human cancer subtyping, providing the ground for the identification of novel potential biomarkers for specific cancer cell phenotypes.
Treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension compared with labetalol, low dose aspirin and placebo
Authors: Xiang Xuewen , Wang Fang , Zhao Ni , Zhou Zhao
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal results in women undergoing antihypertensive therapy (low aspirin or labetalol) with mild to severe chronic hypertension relative to women without medicines. This randomized multi-center clinical trial was performed with random division into three groups of 393 pregnant women with mild to moderate chronic hypertension. From the beginning of the pregnancy to the end of the puerperium, the low dosage aspirin group (n = 129), the labetalol group (n = 127), and the drug-free or control group (n = 126) reported both mother and child results. Major variations in the presence of severely motherly hypertension, pre-eclampsia, renal failure, ECG shifts, and cardiovascular rupture between treatment groups (low doses of aspirin and labetalol) and control groups were noted. Repeated placenta and blood pressure control hospitalizations. (P<0.001) in the control group more often (untreated). The new babies were more vulnerable to gestational age (SGA), neonatal hypotension, neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, and ICU (p <0.001 in contrast with the low-dose aspirin and control groups). In the control group, the proportion of premature babies was considerably higher than in the treatment group (p<0,05). A mild to moderate persistent high blood pressure during pregnancy therapy helps minimize mother and child occurrence. The use of labetalol is correlated with a higher incidence of SGA, neonatal hypotension, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia relative to low-dose aspirin or control group.
Curcumin induce DNA damage and apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential in melanoma cancer cells
Authors: Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Guler Eray Metin
Published: December 2017

Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer. Curcumin has shown to have therapeutic effects when used in the treatment of malignant diseases. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of its action are not fully elucidated. In this research, we hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in curcumin induced DNA damage, apoptosis and cell dead. To test our hypothesis, cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, ROS generating and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of curcumin on mouse melanoma cancer cells (B16-F10) and fibroblastic normal cells (L-929) were investigated. Our results demonstrated that curcumin decreased cell viability and MMP and, increased DNA damage, apoptosis and ROS levels in both melanoma cancer and normal cells in a dose dependent manner and, these activities were significantly higher in melanoma cells than in normal cells with higher concentrations. There were positive strong relationships between DNA damage, apoptosis, cytotoxicity and ROS generation and MMP levels in curcumin treated melanoma and normal cells.  In summary, this in vitro study provide clear evidence that curcumin induced DNA damage, apoptosis  and cytotoxicity via its pro-oxidant activity in a dose dependent manner in both cancer and normal cells and these activities were higher in cancer cells than those of normal cells.
Promoter motifs required for c-mpl gene expression induced by thrombopoietin in CMK cells
Authors: Sunohara Masataka , Sato Iwao , Morikawa Shigeru
Published: December 2017

Thrombopoietin (TPO) and its receptor, c-Mpl, are the central regulators of megakaryocyte development and platelet production and are also crucial to regulate megakaryocytopoiesis. TPO remarkably elevated c-mpl promoter activity, while the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, GF109203, H7 and Calphostin C, clearly reduced the steady level of its promoter activity.  In the present study, motifs crucial for c-mpl promoter activity induced by TPO treatment has been analyzed using a human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMK. Destruction of the –107Sp1 and the –57Sp1 sites in the c-mpl promoter enhancer region resulted in decrease of the promoter activity by 53.1% and 64.4%, respectively, and destruction of –69Ets and –28Ets elements dramatically decreased the promoter activity by 96.4% and 87.8%, respectively, while mutation of –77GATA moderately reduced the activity by 31.4%. The result was in agreement with our previous report that showed the crucial motifs in the c-mpl promoter for the promoter activity induced by PMA-treatment. This indicates that TPO-induced activation of the c-mpl promoter activity is fully modulated by transcription through a PKC-dependent pathway and the two Sp1 and two Ets motifs are crucial for the activation of the c-mpl promoter activity rather than a GATA motif in the c-mpl promoter of CMK cells.
Enlightenment and lesson from the successful treatment of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism
Authors: Wang Bei , Sun Rongju , Chen Wei , Li Tanshi
Published: December 2017

Despite recent advances, treatment of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism (SMAE) in emergency is still very difficult. The comparative rarity, the difficulty of early diagnosis, and the extremely high mortality of SMAE give us the sufficient reasons to report our successful experience in curing a patient with acute SMAE. In the present case, the patient was diagnosed early without evidence of intestinal necrosis. The diagnosis of SMAE was verified by computed tomography angiography (CTA). A comprehensive treatment was immediately employed including a combination of intra-arterial thrombolysis and embolectomy operation with emergent laparotomy. We summarize that the successful treatment of superior mesenteric artery embolism depends on early diagnosis and timely reestablishment of arterial flow under the support of general treatments such as prevention of sepsis and control of organic insufficiencies. Through a combined treatment, patient's life could be saved without complications.