bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Should the US Intervene?
Authors: Keohane Robert
Published: June 2020

When should the United States intervene militarily in weak countries? This is a topic of pressing international concern because the United States keeps intervening in weak countries. We are currently involved indirectly in Libya and very deeply in Afghanistan, as well as still being involved to some extent in Iraq. We have a propensity to engage in this kind of activity, but it hasn’t always worked out well for us. We need to reconsider the issue, and I want to discuss what the criteria should be for the United States when intervening militarily.
Empowering Women in the Chinese Capitalist Factory System
Authors: Akl Sara
Published: June 2020

Over the past thirty years, China has moved from a communist to a capitalist economy. This change has pushed millions of young, rural women to migrate to the cities in order to begin working in its many booming factories. These women, if they manage to avoid falling prey to false advertising and trafficking scams, enter the competitive capitalist system at the absolute lowest level. They find employment in foreign-invested companies, usually producing toys, clothing, footwear, and electronics. Their service positions in an unregulated labor market subordinate them, and factory women are constantly reminded of their low positions within the workplace.
Information Technology and Control in the DPRK
Authors: Duffley Robert
Published: June 2020

In the Hermit Kingdom, information is a crucial resource. Its possession represents access to resource and weapons development techniques, but more importantly, information is what separates North Korean society from the rest of the world. Since the state’s inception, meager rations of information combined with hearty doses of propaganda have kept the populace starved with respect to knowledge of the rest of the world’s progress, which has quickly surpassed their own in the past two decades. Why, then, has the current regime dared implement 21st century communications systems such as internet technology if such a move would increase the possibility of an information risk?
Banning Evil
Authors: Garcia Denise
Published: June 2020

The rise and entry into force of the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) that prohibits cluster bombs constitutes a global prohibition regime. I argue that this new prohibition regime and the arising new international norm set by the CCM, i.e. the prohibition of the use, development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention or transfer of cluster munitions developed due to a strong moral opprobrium, initially elicited by commanding moral force of International Humanitarian Law as a robust and compelling previously existing normative structure and then by the success of the ban on landmines that acted as a model of activism and fast-track diplomacy a decade before. The ban on cluster bombs is about military doctrines succumbing to the higher authority of moral and humanitarian concerns propelled by activist non-governmental actors and a few forward-looking states.
Deconstructing the Camarena Affair and the Militarized United States-Mexico Border
Authors: Schenk Benjamin
Published: June 2020

Recently, the state of the United States-Mexico border has assumed primary importance in American domestic politics. And with that, the border has been conflated with notions of security. This paper will investigate the root causes of the border’s securitization by grounding the case study of the Camarena Affair within The Copenhagen School’s burgeoning constructivist literature on securitization. The paper will conclude by discussing the legislative fallout from the Camarena Affair’s legacy, and arguing that the successful linkage between border and security occurred long before the events of September 11th, 2001.
Hot Cocoa
Authors: Biberman John
Published: June 2020

For roughly a decade, Côte d’Ivoire has been bitterly divided by a civil war between its dry Muslim north and its fertile Christian south. Many commentators have attempted to ascribe cultural or social origins to this war, casting it as an example of wider conflict between the Christian and Muslim worlds, while others see it as yet another example of the failings of weak, divided and tribalistic African states. I go beyond these narrow categories to explain the civil war as the natural outcome of a series of rational economic and political choices.
Lessons on Government from one Non-State Entity to Another
Authors: Baumgardner Paul
Published: June 2020

The great nineteenth-century military theorist Carl von Clausewitz changed the art of war forever with his masterwork, “On War.” This text illuminated one of Clausewitz’s greatest contributions to military thought: the Trinity of war. Clausewitz argued that a successful military campaign requires the balanced cooperation of three important levels of society: the political wing (the government), the military wing (the army), and the popular wing (the citizenry). In modern warfare, Clausewitz’s Trinity still remains an important lesson, especially for non-state actors. By examining the Irish Republican Army and Hezbollah, we can better understand how non-state actors balance the three branches of the Trinity and achieve their sociopolitical objectives.
Natural Resources and Prolonged Conflict
Authors: Assadi Nina
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Fall 2013
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
U.S. Policy of Engagement Toward North Korea
Authors: Lee Jung-Ju
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Potential Benefits of Early, Neutral Intervention in Revolutions
Authors: Sutton II Thomas
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses Allen Buchanan’s proposed shift in intervention found in his essay, “The Ethics of Revolution and its Implication for the Ethics of Intervention,” and posits that it successfully calls into question other popular principles of intervention. The overall contention of the paper is that Buchanan’s form of intervention can theoretically prevent much more harm than the popular Mill’s Principle and the Consent Principle and seems to overcome the challenges plaguing those principles.
Spring 2015
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Fall 2015
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: June 2020

Full issue
Disposable cartridge concept for the on-demand synthesis of turbo Grignards, Knochel–Hauser amides, and magnesium alkoxides
Authors: Berton Mateo , Sheehan Kevin , Adamo Andrea , McQuade D Tyler
Published: June 2020

Magnesium organometallic reagents occupy a central position in organic synthesis. The freshness of these compounds is the key for achieving a high conversion and reproducible results. Common methods for the synthesis of Grignard reagents from metallic magnesium present safety issues and exhibit a batch-to-batch variability. Tubular reactors of solid reagents combined with solution-phase reagents enable the continuous-flow preparation of organomagnesium reagents. The use of stratified packed-bed columns of magnesium metal and lithium chloride for the synthesis of highly concentrated turbo Grignards is reported. A low-cost pod-style synthesizer prototype, which incorporates single-use prepacked perfluorinated cartridges and bags of reagents for the automated on-demand lab-scale synthesis of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen turbo magnesium bases is presented. This concept will provide access to fresh organomagnesium reagents on a discovery scale and will do so independent from the operator’s experience in flow and/or organometallic chemistry.
Models of Necessity
Authors: Clark Timothy , Hicks Martin G
Published: June 2020

The everyday language of chemistry uses models, particularly of bonding, that are not contained in the quantum mechanical description of chemical systems. To date, this everyday language has overlapped strongly with that (the ontology) of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Within the everyday language, the model nature of these concepts is not always clear to practicing chemists, so that controversial discussions about the merits of alternative models often arise. However, the extensive use of AI and ML in chemistry will require that these models be extended to cover all relevant properties and characteristics of chemical systems. This in turn imposes conditions such as completeness, compactness, computational efficiency and non-redundancy on the extensions to the almost universal Lewis and VSEPR bonding models. Thus, AI and ML are likely to be important in rationalizing and standardizing chemical bonding models. This will not affect the everyday language of chemistry but may help understand the unique basis of chemical language.
Penentuan Rute Penyaluran Bantuan Bencana Guna Meminimalkan Biaya Distribusi Dengan Metode Saving Matriks
Authors: Maulidiah Maulidiah , Jono Jono , Ramli Ilmardani Rince
Published: June 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan rute pendistribusian bantuan logistik untuk warga yang terdampak korban bencana gempa dan tsunami di Palu, Donggala dan Sigi dari pos koordinasi MDMC (Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center) ke pos-pos pelayanan dengan menggunakan metode Saving Matriks.Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini adalah Metode Saving Matriks. Metode ini merupakan metode penentuan rute terpendek dengan mengoptimalkan rute distribusi sehingga mampu menghemat jarak dan meminimalkan biaya trasportasi. Objek penelitian yaitu pos koordinasi dan pos-pos pelayanan MDMC. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu jarak, biaya, armada yang tersedia, kapasitas muatan tiap armada, permintaan bantuan dan rute awal.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa hasil perbandingan rute yaitu rute awal dari data matriks awal dan Saving Matriks yang diolah hingga mendapatkan rute Saving Matriks, diperoleh persentase penghematan jarak, bahan bakar dan biaya distribusi sebesar 44,31 % dari jumlah pada rute awal . Selain itu, rute terbaru menggunakan Saving Matriks mampu mengurangi penggunaan armada atau sarana distribusi dan mengoptimalkan rute.
A GREEN LIGHT FOR MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISHERIES
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuriy
Published: June 2020

Bionic principles of technologies invention copying the organization of living

systems on different levels give a good example of cognitive science application

for nature management to achieve the synergistic effect. The fisheries still

uses the mechanistic approach and extensive principles to problem solving

what is leading to the deep technological crisis. To change the existing catches

methodology a modern hydrobionics means are proposed. They allow to

explain relations between biotic and abiotic factors in catches dynamics, the

nature of problems and stacks in numerous prospective themes in fisheries.
CHANGING THE PRIORITIES IN FISH-PROCESSING TECHNOLOGISTS’ EDUCATION UNDER THE TRANSFORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY INTO POST-INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Kim Igor
Published: June 2020

To achieve the standards of post-industrial economy in industry education it seems necessary to revise the syllabus of aquatic biological resources processing technologists and include “Biotechnology” in the list of their academic disciplines as a standard academic subject. It is also found necessary to include the “Organoleptic analysis” in the list of study courses. Presence of these subjects may increase the standard of domestic living resources processing technologist’s education, what will shorten the gap between foreign and domestic education.
FORMATION OF BREEDING STOCK OF A SECOND GENERATION OF ROPSHINSKAYA GOLD TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (WALBAUM, 1972)
Authors: Nikandrov Vladimir , Shindavina Nina , Shutova Galina , Moseev Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to substantiate a method of yearlings and twoyears females of Roshinskaya Gold trout picking up. Such selection includes the genealogy, color and fish-breeding indicators. It is shown that at the age of one it is necessary to select fishes basing on mass with strict rejection of maturated dwarf males with low growth rates. At the age of two, a yellow females with high mass, fertility, and eggs mass should be kept.
METODE VARIABEL COSTING GUNA PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL PADA UD. SEJAHTERA DESA SERUT PANTI
Authors: Prabawati Achadyah , Hasbiyallah Abdul Ghovur
Published: June 2020

Penetapan harga jual yang dilakukan oleh manajer merupakan keputusan yang harus mempertimbangkan tidak hanya keuntungan saja, namun juga kelangsungan hidup perusahaan, berpedoman dengan pengeluaran biaya, dan tetap menjaga kesejahteraan karyawan. Dengan banyaknya hal yang harus diperhitungkan perlu adanya metode untuk membantu manajer mengambil keputusan menentukan harga jual. Metode variable costing membuat manajer mampu untuk memperbaiki penelusuran biaya dengan cara memfokuskan pada biaya yang berperilaku variabel terhadap pembentukan produk dan jasa.Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode variable costing apabila diterapkan pada UD. Sejahtera dalam menetukan harga jual. Jenis penelitian ini adalah  penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, sedangkan metode analisanya menggunakan analisa kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa UD. Sejahtera terlalu tinggi dalam menetukan harga jual sehingga menyebabkan melemahnya pemasaran, akibatnya jumlah tenaga kerja ikut berkurang yang mengakibatkan produktivitas tempat usaha menurun. Setelah penulis melakukan analisa diketahui metode variabel costing lebih tepat digunakan pada UD. Sejahtera hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan HPP dan harga jual antara metode variable costing dapat dijadikan tolok ukur atau batas minimal perolehan laba, selain itu presentase mark up-nya lebih tinggi jika dibndingkan metode lain yaitu metode full costing.
LINGKUNGAN INTERNAL DAN KINERJA UMKM: PERAN MEDIASI DARI KEUNGGULAN BERSAING
Authors: Feranita Nungky Viana , Setiawan Hendra Aris
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan internal terhadap kinerja usaha secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan keunggulan bersaing sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan explanatory (sebab akibat). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah UMKM sektor manufaktur di Kecamatan Tempurejo yang terdaftar di Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Kabupaten Jember sebesar 32 unit usaha. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh atau teknik sensus. Sampel sebanyak 32 unit usaha. Metode analisis adalah analisis jalur (Path Analiysis) dengan menggunakan software IBM SPSS 22. Secara keseluruhan, empat hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga hipotesis diterima dan satu hipotesis ditolak. Hasil pengujian hipotesis pengaruh langsung menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jalur yang berpengaruh signifikan, yaitu lingkungan internal terhadap keunggulan bersaing sebesar 0,865 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000, kemudian keunggulan bersaing terhadap kinerja usaha sebesar 0,657 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001. Hasil pengujian hipotesis pengaruh tidak langsung menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu jalur yang berpengaruh signifikan, yaitu lingkungan internal terhadap kinerja usaha melalui keunggulan bersaing yaitu sebesar 0,583 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000.
Audit Delay, Faktor Auditee, Komisaris Independen, dan Faktor Auditor
Authors: Imanniar Hartika , Majidah
Published: June 2020

Aturan telah disusun dalam aturan OJK No.29/PJOK.04/2016 mengenai batas waktu penyampaian laporan audited, bertujuan untuk menjaga ketepatan penyampaian laporan audited, sehingga dapat menjadi informasi yang berguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor auditee (good news, financial distress, kompleksitas perusahaan), komisaris independen, dan faktor auditor (fee audit reputasi auditor) terhadap audit delay. Populasi penelitian ini adalah sektor properti, real estat, dan konstruksi bangunan pada BEI periode 2015-2018. Terdapat 160 sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, 66 diantaranya merupakan data outlier, sehingga diperoleh 94 sampel akhir. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan regresi data panel.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa good news, financial distress, komisaris independen, kompleksitas perusahaan, fee audit, dan reputasi auditor berpengaruh simultan terhadap audit delay. Secara parsial, kompleksitas perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap audit delay, fee audit berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay, sedangkan good news, financial distress, komisaris independen, dan reputasi auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.
Pattern of Self-Medication with Prescription Medicines Among Residents of Ilorin in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Jamiu Muslim Olakunle , Iyabode Fatima AbdulAzeez , Onozare Aliyu Fullaila
Published: June 2020

Background: The challenge posed by inappropriate use of medicine is of global concern. It is associated with patient using his discretion to choose the type of medication to self-treat a perceived ailment and the choice of medication usually devoid of health care professional input.

Objective: The significance of this study was to assess the pattern of self-medication with selected prescription medicines among residents of Agbo-Oba area of Ilorin, Kwara State.

Method: The method was a descriptive cross-sectional study of residents of Agbo Oba area of Ilorin between January to May 2019 with self-designed validated questionnaire. Convenient sampling method was used to select the participant who met the criteria for selection.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 38.5±11.8 with minimum age of 19 and maximum age of 70 years. The most occurring age group was 26-35 years and primary school level of education, and artisan/trader were the most predominant in self-medication. Among the prescription medicines, antibiotics were the most self-used followed by steroids and cyproheptadine. Females were shown to practice self-medication more than their male counterpart. Marital status and level of education were factors that influenced awareness of risk factors associated with self-medication among the study participants, p-value = 0.017 and 0.039, respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication with prescription medicines was high and appeared to be more among female than male. Specifically, female misuse oral corticosteroids and cyproheptadine more and marital status and occupation type are strong predictors of their awareness of potential risks associated with self-use of prescription medicines.
Erken Müdahale Kapsamında Taranan 0-72 Aylık Çocuklarda Gelişimsel Gecikmelerin Dağılımı
Authors: TERCAN Hülya , BAYHAN Pınar
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, erken müdahale kapsamında taranan 0-72 aylık Türk çocuklarının gelişimsel olarak şüpheli ya da gecikmeli oldukları gelişim alanlarının neler olduğunu belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Ankara ilinde Hacettepe Üniversitesi İhsan Doğramacı Çocuk Hastanesi içerisinde bulunan Çocuk Gelişimi Bölümü Değerlendirme ve Erken Müdahale Ünitesinde gelişimsel olarak değerlendirilen ve en az bir alanda gelişimsel desteğe ihtiyacı olan 789 çocuk araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak genel bilgiler formu ve Denver II Gelişim Tarama Testi kullanılmıştır. Planlanan bu araştırmanın sonucunda, gelişimsel değerlendirme yapılması için yönlendirilen 0-72 aylık çocuklardan erkek çocukların kız çocuklardan daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra yapılan gelişim testi sonucunda en az bir alanda anormal veya şüpheli gelişim gösteren grupta da erkek çocukların oranı kız çocuklardan daha fazla olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca değerlendirme için yönlendirilen gruplarda anormal veya şüpheli gelişim gösteren çocukların en fazla tüm gelişim alanlarında desteğe ihtiyacı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunu gelişimsel olarak en çok sorun yaşanılan alanlar dil ve konuşma alanı ile motor gelişim alanı izlemektedir. Sonuçta yapılan tarama çalışmasının 0-72 aylık çocukların gelişimsel alanları ile ilgili önemli bilgiler verdiği açıktır. Ayrıca yapılan bu tarama çalışması, uzmanlara ve ailelere genel gelişimsel gecikmelere yönelik yaş gruplarına göre bir gelişimsel profil sunmaktadır.
Molecular docking, ADMET study and in vivo pharmacological research of N-(3,4-dimetoxyphenyl)-2-{[2-methyl-6-(pyridine-2-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]thio}acetamide as a promising anticonvulsant
Authors: Severina Hanna I. , Skupa Olga O. , Voloshchuk Natalya I. , Saidov Narzullo , Bunyatyan Vera A. , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Georgiyants Victoriya A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The search for new anticonvulsants for epilepsy treatment with higher efficacy and better tolerability remains important. The aim of the present research was an in silico and in vivo pharmacological study of N-(3,4-di­methoxyphenyl)-2-((2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)thio)acetamide (Epirimil) as a promising anticonvulsant.

Materials and methods: A 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, LS/MS, and an elemental analysis were used to deter­mine Epirimil structure. An ADMET analysis, as well as a docking study using anticonvulsant biotargets, e.g.: GAB­AAR, GABAAT, CA II, NMDAR, and AMPAR, was carried out. Anticonvulsant activity was proved, using PTZ- and MES-induced seizures in rats and mice, and neurotoxicity was determined using a rotarod test. Influence of Epirimil on the psycho-emotional state of the laboratory animals was determined by an open field test.

Results and discussion: A synthesis method of a promising anticonvulsant Epirimil was modified. The calculated ADMET parameters and a molecular docking into the active sites of anticonvulsant biotargets allowed evaluating the research prospects and predicting possible mechanisms for implementing anticonvulsant activity. A prominent anticonvulsant activity of Epirimil was established using in vivo studies on the model of PTZ-induced seizures in rats and MES-induced seizures in mice. In terms of toxicity, Epirimil belongs to class IV – low toxic substances. The open field test showed that Epirimil had almost no effect on the animals’ behavioral responses: it neither changed their psy­cho-emotional activity, nor increased their anxiety level. ED50, TD50 and protective index of Epirimil according to its anticonvulsant activity were calculated.

Conclusion: The obtained experimental results substantiate the prospects of N-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-((2-methyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)thio)acetamide as a promising active pharmaceutical ingredient having a multifactor mechanism of anticonvulsant activity.

Graphical abstract:
Virus entéricos humanos en alimentos: detección y métodos de inactivación
Authors: Randazzo Walter , Falcó Irene , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Sánchez Gloria
Published: June 2020

Los principales patógenos víricos que podemos ad­quirir ingiriendo alimentos contaminados son los norovirus, el virus de la hepatitis A y el virus de la hepatitis E que se propagan principalmente a través de la vía fecal oral. En los últimos años, la incidencia de brotes de transmisión alimentaria causados por estos patógenos ha experimentado un aumento considerable, en parte debido al comercio globalizado y a los cambios en los hábitos de consumo. Las matrices alimentarias que mayor riesgo representan para el consumidor son los moluscos bivalvos, ve­getales de IV gama, frutas tipo baya y platos listos para comer. Actualmente las técnicas moleculares son las más habituales para la detección de estos patógenos en alimentos, aunque toda­vía existen dudas acerca del significado de la presencia de estos genomas víricos en términos de seguridad alimentaria. La infec­tividad de estos patógenos en alimentos viene también determi­nada por su elevada persistencia ambiental y por su resistencia a los tratamientos aplicados para la conservación de los alimentos.
Las micotoxinas: el enemigo silencioso
Authors: Ramos Girona Antonio Javier , Marín Sillué Sonia , Molino Gahete Francisco , Vila Donat Pilar , Sanchis Almenar Vicente
Published: June 2020

Las micotoxinas son metabolitos fúngicos secunda­rios que pueden ejercer un efecto tóxico tanto en el hombre como en los animales debido, principalmente, a su exposición a través de los alimentos. La presencia de estos compuestos ha sido demostrada en una amplia variedad de materias primas, alimentos y piensos, en los que lo habitual es encontrar de for­ma frecuente una contaminación múltiple por diferentes mico­toxinas, en pequeñas cantidades, lo que puede generar efectos tóxicos subcrónicos, así como bioacumulación. Este artículo revisa los principales elementos que configuran la problemática de las micotoxinas para el hombre y los animales, y aborda los retos de futuro que se plantean en el estudio de las micotoxinas, entre los que destacan el efecto que el cambio climático puede tener sobre el patrón de contaminación por micotoxinas en los alimentos, el descubrimiento creciente de nuevas micotoxinas en formas modificadas, la evaluación de la coexistencia de estas to­xinas y otros contaminantes, y las formas para detectar e intentar eliminar estos compuestos tóxicos de los alimentos.
El papel desempeñado por los médicos, el gobierno y la OMS en la implementación de las encuestas serológicas sobre polio, sarampión y rubeola en España (1958-1978)
Authors: Porras María Isabel , Báguena María José
Published: June 2020

Las encuestas serológicas, que adquirieron gran relevancia a mediados del siglo XX, siguen siendo herramienta clave para abordar las enfermedades infecciosas. El artículo, utilizando fuentes archivísticas e impresas de la OMS, prensa médica y general, analiza el papel de médicos y científicos, gobierno y la OMS en la implementación de los estudios serológicos para evaluar la situación de la poliomielitis, sarampión y rubeola en España y establecer un plan de actuación contra ellas. El trabajo muestra el protagonismo de Florencio Pérez Gallardo y su grupo de la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, privilegiado por el régimen franquista para recibir el apoyo de los programas colaborativos de la OMS, tras la entrada de España en ella en 1951, y el impacto de dichos programas en la transformación científico-profesional del núcleo virológico de Madrid, acompañado del establecimiento de nuevas instituciones, que permitieron modernizar la virología, paralelamente al desarrollo y ejecución de las encuestas serológicas men­cionadas. El estudio revela igualmente el desarrollo paralelo de grupos científicos catalanes, que gozaron de reconocimiento inter­nacional y dinamizaron la lucha contra las enfermedades estudiadas, pero también el papel clave de la circulación de los expertos de la OMS y los investigadores españoles para vehicular conocimiento científico y prácticas.
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction from Electrocardiogram by Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nazrul Anuar Nayan , Hafifah Ab Hamid , Mohd Zubir Suboh , Noraidatulakma Abdullah , Rosmina Jaafar , Nurul Ain Mhd Yusof , Mariatul Akma Hamid , Nur Farawahida Zubiri , Azwa Shawani Kamalul Arifin , Syakila Mohd Abd Daud , Mohd Arman Kamaruddin , Rahman A. Jamal
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths worldwide. In 2017, CVD contributed to 13,503 deaths in Malaysia. The current approaches for CVD prediction are usually invasive and costly. Machine learning (ML) techniques allow an accurate prediction by utilizing the complex interactions among relevant risk factors. This study presents a case–control study involving 60 participants from The Malaysian Cohort, which is a prospective population-based project. Five parameters, namely, the R–R interval and root mean square of successive differences extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG), systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and total cholesterol level, were statistically significant in predicting CVD. Six ML algorithms, namely, linear discriminant analysis, linear and quadratic support vector machines, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, and artificial neural network (ANN), were evaluated to determine the most accurate classifier in predicting CVD risk. ANN, which achieved 90% specificity, 90% sensitivity, and 90% accuracy, demonstrated the highest prediction performance among the six algorithms. In summary, by utilizing ML techniques, ECG data can serve as a good parameter for CVD prediction among the Malaysian multiethnic population.
Modeling of Influence of Climate Change Character on the Territory of the Cryolithozone on the Value of Risks for the Road Network
Authors: Trofimenko Yury Vasilievich , Yakubovich Anatoly Nikolaevich , Yakubovich Irina Anatolievna , Shashina Elena Vldimirovna
Published: June 2020

The level of climate risks is proposed to be estimated by the amount of thawing soil settlement in the formation of automobile roads, corresponding to the accepted scenario of the climate change. An updated algorithm is presented, according to which the average risk assessment for a 4-year period is divided into a risk assessment for individual years. Calculations performed for the climatic conditions of Yakutsk and Urengoy establish a significant dependence of the predicted risk on the warming pattern. The level of risk predicted when the average annual air temperature increases by 2 degrees is estimated as average (up to 526 points on a 1000-point scale). The most appropriate method of reducing this risk is to perform timely repairs to bring the road to the standard technical and operational condition without the use of special technologies for regulating the temperature regime of soil.
Marcel Jousse (1886-1961) : Anthropologie du geste et « style oral », la parole et le geste au cœur du processus de cognition
Authors: Langlois Roberte
Published: June 2020

M. Jousse est un anthropologue français de la première moitié du xxe siècle, encore mal connu en France. À l’origine des théories de « l’Anthropologie du Geste » et de l’oralité dont « le Style1 oral », M. Jousse a cherché à faire émerger les principes universels de transmission et de cognition dont il a éprouvé la validité lors de ses rencontres avec des populations de culture orale. Il vérifie notamment les liens étroits entre oralité et mémoire, entre geste et mémorisation. Aujourd’hui les travaux de M. Jousse trouvent écho chez les chercheurs des sciences cognitives et les découvertes contemporaines de l’imagerie cérébrale, qui attestent du rôle dynamique de la parole et du geste comme facilitateurs de la mémoire. Le concept de « style oral » associe dans la parole humaine le corps et les gestes qui contribuent à la mémorisation. Anthropologue mais aussi pédagogue, M. Jousse a formé des éducateurs pour les encourager à favoriser les pratiques de l’oral dans les classes. Pour finir, l’article apporte le témoignage d’une recherche-action inspirée par la pensée éducative de M. Jousse.
Comment se manifeste le continuum oralité/littératie ?
Authors: Margolinas Claire , Laparra Marceline
Published: June 2020

Cet article a deux visées : une visée théorique de caractérisation du continuum oralité/littératie ; et une visée d’analyse d’un corpus que nous avons constitué auprès d’élèves de CM1-CM2 engagés dans une tâche de classification sur la langue. Dans cet article, nous entendons montrer que les connaissances des deux univers de l’oralité et de la littératie continuent de coexister chez ces élèves, ce qui pourrait avoir des conséquences didactiques importantes. Les connaissances littératiennes sont indispensables pour organiser la pensée. Les tableaux sont souvent uniquement vus comme un type de représentation sémiotique et ne sont rencontrés par les élèves qu’en réception et pratiquement jamais en production. Notre travail montre que cette simple rencontre, même fréquente, ne suffit pas à construire des connaissances permettant d’être utiles en situation.
Le livre numérique enrichi : quels enjeux de littératie en contexte pédagogique ?
Authors: Tréhondart Nolwenn
Published: June 2020

Convoquant une pluralité de ressources sémiotiques (texte, son, vidéo, images animées…), le livre numérique enrichi est devenu un support d’apprentissage régulièrement mobilisé dans les pratiques pédagogiques (manuels numériques, création d’ebooks sur tablettes tactiles). En prenant appui sur des entretiens que nous avons menés entre 2011 et 2016 auprès d’une trentaine de concepteurs de livres numériques, nous examinons dans cet article la manière dont ce dispositif symbolique et technique, à travers ses formes graphiques et les représentations souvent paradoxales qu’il suscite, pourrait constituer une porte d’entrée pertinente dans l’apprentissage d’une « littératie médiatique multimodale » en contexte numérique.
A Critical Analysis on Organizational Diagnostic Models and New Diagnostic Model Proposition for Construction Companies
Authors: Baharudin Indera Shaiful , Abdullah Bulan
Published: June 2020

To understand the current state, health and efficiency of an organization, evaluation based on an organizational diagnostic model are vital. There have been a number of framework and models developed for this purpose which serves as a general rule, but they lack accuracy in certain industries due to its characteristics and scope. This paper critically analyzes previous models, highlighting its definition, advantages, disadvantages, applications and comparison between them. Recognizing factors that contribute to the performance of construction/engineering companies, the authors propose a new diagnostic model which is more suited to this industry. The new diagnostic model addresses issues of culture at work while redefining the scope of every pillar involved in previous diagnostic models. It is a revelation of an evaluation platform for all companies within the same industry, which allow further studies on sustainability framework to be developed on top of this platform.
Application of Castor Oil Based Polyurethane Resin in the Dimension Stone Block Wrapping Process
Authors: da Silveira Leonardo Luiz Lyrio , Ferreira Bruna dos Santos Cezar , de Almeida Phillipe Fernandes , Ponciano Victor Moza
Published: June 2020

The dimension stone wrapping process is a method used before the sawing of the block which aims to enhance the integrity of the rock, thus ensuring that fractured or altered blocks remain intact while they are handling and splitting into slabs. This method increases safety and allows the processing of many materials once not commercialized. Nevertheless, the epoxy resin used in the process comes from a non-renewable resource and contains toxic substances on its composition. Therefore, in order to increase the eco-efficiency in the sector of dimension stones, a comparison of the epoxy resin with an ecological and non-toxic resin based on the castor oil, was carried out aiming to know the resulting tensile strength in the contact of the polymer with the stone surface. Two types of rocks were tested, a silicate and a carbonate one. The results indicated that the castor oil resin performed a higher tensile strength regarding carbonate rocks, suggesting that the castor oil resin could replace the epoxy resin when applied to this rock group, providing an environmental advantage and a global marketing differential.
Definition of Roofing Slate Lithotypes for an International Roofing Slate Classification
Authors: Cárdenes Victor , Rubio-Ordoñez Álvaro , de Argandona Vicente G. Ruiz
Published: June 2020

The term “roofing slate” comprises all natural rocks that can be used for roofing. Some of the characteristics that define their performance as construction materials are water absorption, bending strength, mineral composition, and aesthetics. From a sustainability point of view, roofing slates also have the largest life expectancy and lowest carbon emissions of all covering materials. This work reviews the constructive characteristics of roofing slates, from technical data provided by producers from all over the world. These data, supported by the petrological characterization of several roofing slate samples, are used to propose a general classification for this special type of rock. Thus, roofing slates are sorted in twelve lithotypes, depending of their petrographical characteristics, defined by the color. The resulting classification is named International Roofing Slate Classification (IRSC), formally defined in this paper.
Acoustic Characterization of Glaze and Rime Ice Structures on an Oscillating Airfoil via Fully Unsteady Simulations
Authors: Morelli Myles , Zhou Beckett Y. , Guardone Alberto
Published: June 2020

The development of low-cost and simple technologies to improve pilot awareness of icing environments is crucial to improve the safety of rotorcraft, and especially those with limited icing clearance which are admittedly operating within icing environments without full icing clearance.
An acoustic characterization of glaze and rime ice structures is hereby introduced to begin to quantify different ice shape noise signatures which directly transcend from the iced performance characteristics to develop acoustic ice detection technologies. The feasibility of the detection technique
is assessed for fully unsteady simulations of ice accretion on an oscillating, two-dimensional airfoil. This work focuses on the computational modeling of the experimental database of a rotor airfoil with pitching motion during icing conditions from the NASA Glenn Icing Research Wind Tunnel
and computing the resultant noise signals and analyzing their topology.
Aldilà del trauma: il pensiero ristretto e l’eroe capovolto
Authors: Ambrosiano Laura
Published: June 2020

In questo contributo viene analizzata la mentalità corrente alla luce del paradigma violenza-vittimismo che la caratterizza. Viene accostata la scena sadomasochista come scena prototipo di tale paradigma per cogliere gli elementi che potrebbero imprimerle un destino trasformativo e non ripetitivo. Il pensiero ristretto e il fatto scelto vengono indicati come i due poli che differenziano l’elaborazione del lutto dalla melanconia e dalla passiva adesione alla mentalità diffusa consolidata.
Mer Bleue, Ontario, Arctic surrogate study-site project, 2019 update, global navigation satellite system survey report
Authors: Prévost C , White H P
Published: June 2020

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) has the mandate of providing essential geographic information. An improved knowledge of our physical environment represents one of the cores of this mandate. The Arctic is an important but challenging region to study, especially
for wetland monitoring. To reduce survey costs, researchers often use surrogate sites located in less remote areas when evaluating and developing applications. The Mer Bleue Bog Peatlands, a conveniently accessible sub-arctic wetland similar to many wetlands found in the Arctic environment, is used
as an arctic surrogate study site for the MBASSS Project.
This study site is used for the calibration and validation of various types of optical (spectral) remote sensing data acquired by several project partners using satellite, airborne and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms. Precise geo-located products require ground control points (reference
points) which are visible to the sensor on the platform and whose geographic location is known with precision. To fulfill this need, high precision GNSS surveys are required.
This highly illustrated document describes in detail the methods and results of the GNSS surveys required for the geographic rectification of imagery, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicle photographs, airborne hyperspectral imagery, and space borne multispectral imagery acquired within the scope of the
Mer Bleue Arctic Surrogate Simulation Study (MBASSS) during 2019.
Vortex dynamics under pulsatile flow in axisymmetric constricted tubes
Authors: Barrere Nicasio , Brum Javier , L'her Alexandre , Sarasúa Gustavo L. , Cabeza Cecilia
Published: June 2020

Improved understanding of how vortices develop and propagate under pulsatile flow can shed important light on the mixing and transport processes occurring in such systems,  including the transition to turbulent regime. For example, the characterization of pulsatile flows in obstructed artery models serves to encourage research into flow-induced phenomena associated with changes in morphology, blood viscosity, wall elasticity and flow rate. In this work, an axisymmetric rigid model was used to study the behaviour of the flow pattern with varying degrees of constriction ($d_0$) and mean Reynolds ($\bar{Re}$) and Womersley numbers ($\alpha$). Velocity fields were obtained experimentally using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, and generated numerically. For the acquisition of data, $\bar{Re}$ was varied from 385 to 2044, $d_0$ was 1.0 cm and 1.6 cm, and $\alpha$ was varied from 17 to 33 in the experiments and from 24 to 50 in the numerical simulations. Results for the Reynolds numbers considered showed that the flow pattern consisted of two main structures: a central jet around the tube axis and a recirculation zone adjacent to the inner wall of the tube, where vortices shed. Using the vorticity fields, the trajectory of vortices was tracked and their displacement over their lifetime calculated. The analysis led to a scaling law equation for maximum vortex displacement as a function of a dimensionless variable dependent on the system parameters Re and $\alpha$.
Batı Manastır Geleneğinin Babası Aziz Benedikt ve Asketik Öğretileri
Authors: TAŞPINAR İsmail , GÜZELDAL Yasin
Published: June 2020

Hıristiyanlıkta özel bir yeri bulunan manastır yaşamının Batı’daki en önemli temsilcisi konumunda olan kişi Aziz Benedikt’tir (480-547). Benedikt, kaleme aldığı manastır nizamnamesiyle (Regula Benedicti) kendilerini münzevi yaşama adamış kimseler için bir model oluşturarak Orta Çağ Batı dünyasında büyük bir etki yaratmıştır. Benedikt, Doğu manastır geleneğinde var olan bekârlık, iffet, alçakgönüllülük, itaat, istikrar, sessizlik gibi birçok değeri benimseyip, bunları özgün bir şekilde ele almıştır. Ayrıca Benedikt, bu ilkeleri sağduyu ve daha insancıl bir sistemle birleştirmiş ve bu ilkeleri Batı şartlarına uyarlayarak takipçilerine daha ılımlı bir asketik yaşam modeli sunmuştur. 1500 yıl sürecek bir manastır geleneğinin oluşmasına doğrudan etki edecek bu kapsamlı ve tutarlı nizamname ile Benedikt, manastır yaşamını farklı bir boyuta taşımıştır. Benedikt, özellikle vurguladığı çalışma, dua ve ibadet eksenli bir manastır yaşamı inşa etmesiyle de Batı manastır geleneğinin gelişimine ve kurumsallaşmasına büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu sebeple “Batı manastırcılığının babası” unvanını alan Benedikt, aynı zamanda 24 Ekim 1964’te Papa VI. Paul tarafından Avrupa’nın koruyucu azizi olarak ilan edilmiş ve 2005 yılında XVI. Benedikt unvanını alan Joseph Ratzinger’e kadar pek çok Papa tarafından ismi kullanılarak onurlandırılmıştır.
Ant diversity studies in Acre: what we know and what we could do to know more?
Authors: Schmidt Fernando Augusto , Costa Marília Maria Silva da , Martello Felipe , De Oliveira Amanda Batista , Menezes Andressa Silvana , Fontenele Luane Karoline , Morato Elder Ferreira , Oliveira Marco Antônio
Published: June 2020

Brazil counts with one the largest ant diversity in the world. But, given its continental dimension and uneven scientific development process, there are still several gaps in the knowledge of this biodiversity. This fully applies to research on ant diversity in the state of Acre, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Since 2014, in Acre, ants are being sampled by Rede BIA project, which aims to cover this gap. Thus, our main goal is to present the status of ant diversity studies in Acre regarding their progress and their contribution to the ant fauna knowledge, based on scientific papers and grey literature. We found 17 studies to Acre, which encompass a time range of 10 years, and a total of 338 species recorded. The studies are concentrated mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the state. Ground pitfall trap is the most used sampling technique. We point out that adding more sites to Rede BIA’s collecting efforts, plus focusing samplings in poorly studied habitats and ecosystems, especially in the western and eastern parts of the state will provide a lot of new data on ant species occurrence to Acre and to Brazil.
Parenting in the field of myrmecology: career challenges in the 21st century
Authors: Ramalho Manuela De Oliveira , Decio Pâmela , Zoppas de Albuquerque Emilia , Esteves Flavia
Published: June 2020

Female representation in STEM fields is often explained by the leaky pipeline metaphor, and previous work has shown that the arrival of children is one of the main causes. Thus, understanding how the arrival of children can impact the careers of scientists in the field of myrmecology could provide insight into how to promote a better policy to support women in the sciences and reduce gender disparity. Therefore, we aimed to 1) understand myrmecologist parents and identify the challenges they face, and 2) compare academic productivity between parents and the control groups (researchers without children). Our results indicate that even though myrmecologist parents work less at home, they maintain productivity in activities that are part of the regular academic research routine (such as publishing manuscripts, submitting grant proposals, advising mentees, and teaching classes). However, even after five years of their children’s arrival, activities such as field trips, public speaking and conference attendence are still affected. This is the first study about parenting in the field of myrmecology, and our findings can help funding agencies and institutions promote the best policies, workplace flexibility, and inclusivity to support parents in science, especially women.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Cyber Security Applications
Authors: Pang Shanqi , Li Yongmei
Published: June 2020

Considering the enhancement in technology, criminals have been using cyberspace in order to commit many crimes. Therefore, it should be noted that cybercrimes are exposed to a number of threats and intrusions if not safeguarded well. Human and physical intervention tend not to be very adequate for the protection and tracking of such infrastructure, that is why there should be the establishment of multifaceted cyber defense networks, which are flexible, robust, and adjustable in order sense a massive collection of invasion and creation of real-time choices. Nevertheless, significant number of bio-related computing techniques of AI (artificial intelligence) tend to be increasing hence a significant role is played in detecting and preventing cybercrime. The main aim of this paper is outlining the actual advancement that have been made possible due to the application of AI methods for the fight against cybercrimes, in order to reveal how the methods are efficient in sensing and preventing cyber invasions, also providing a brief overview of the future works.
Dispatching and scheduling at load peak with the optimal location of the compensation under constraints in real-time
Authors: TADJEDDINE Ali Abderrazak , ARBAOUI Iliace , HARROUZ Abdelkader , HAMIANI Hichem , BENOUDJAFER Cherif
Published: June 2020

The development of the electricity grid and the use of intelligent control in real-time has today become one of the most important pillars that control the quality and continuity of the electricity supply for industrial consumers and even ordinary consumers. The increase in the load led to an increase in the demand for electrical energy, so this increase was accompanied by multiple problems such as a decrease in the voltage, an increase in the reactive energy in the lines of transport, a decrease in active transited energy, also an increase in active losses and other problems related to electrical synchronization and ultimately overall instability of the electrical network. Through this study, we offer some solutions related to electrical control, using specially developed algorithms to determine the optimal reactive energy compensation locations, taking into account the technical limitations in transformer stations related to high lines 220 kV electric transmission voltage. Thanks to the good results obtained, we were able to apply the algorithms to the real network by taking the southwest region of Algeria as a study sample in order to improve the electrical quality of this region. The modelling, analysis, control and confirmation techniques were studied using an advanced numerical simulation.