bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation rate and associated factors among contraceptive implant users in Kersa district, southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Nega Gali , Abera Muluemebet , Tadele Afework
Published: May 2021

Background

Subdermal contraceptive implant is the most widely used method of long-acting reversible contraception among Ethiopian women. Many, however, discontinue use early, which results in unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions and their associated complications. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of and reasons for discontinuation of the contraceptive implant among users in the Kersa district of southwestern Ethiopia.

Methods

A mixed-method study was carried out between March and April 2019 among 475 women who had been using the contraceptive implant between January 2015 and August 2016 in the Kersa district. Systematic random sampling was used for quantitative data collection and purposive sampling was used for qualitative data collection using 8 focus group discussion and 56 In-depth interviews. A binary logistic regression was carried out for bivariate and multivariable analyses.

Results

One hundred and ten (23.2 %) contraceptive implant users requested removal before 2.5 years of use. The main reasons for the discontinuation were side effects, followed by a desire for pregnancy or to switch to another contraceptive method and misconceptions. Implant discontinuation was associated with a lack of information prior to insertion on the effectiveness of modern contraception (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.0; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 3.55), being served by a midwife or nurse (adjusted OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.04, 3.23), and not being told to return to the health facility if any side effects were experienced (adjusted OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.01, 3.19) (allp < 0.05).

Conclusions

Almost a quarter of the study participants discontinued use of the contraceptive implant before the due date. Public health interventions should focus on providing adequate awareness for family planning users, trainings for the health care workers on effective counselling services, especially on side effect and misconceptions.
Strain engraftment competition and functional augmentation in a multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation trial for obesity
Authors: Wilson Brooke C. , Vatanen Tommi , Jayasinghe Thilini N. , Leong Karen S. W. , Derraik José G. B. , Albert Benjamin B. , Chiavaroli Valentina , Svirskis Darren M. , Beck Kathryn L. , Conlon Cathryn A. , Jiang Yannan , Schierding William , Holland David J. , Cutfield Wayne S. , O’Sullivan Justin M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Donor selection is an important factor influencing the engraftment and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for complex conditions associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the degree, variation, and stability of strain engraftment have not yet been assessed in the context of multiple donors.

Methods

We conducted a double-blinded randomized control trial of FMT in 87 adolescents with obesity. Participants were randomized to receive multi-donor FMT (capsules containing the fecal microbiota of four sex-matched lean donors) or placebo (saline capsules). Following a bowel cleanse, participants ingested a total of 28 capsules over two consecutive days. Capsules from individual donors and participant stool samples collected at baseline, 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-treatment were analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowing us to track bacterial strain engraftment and its functional implications on recipients’ gut microbiomes.

Results

Multi-donor FMT sustainably altered the structure and the function of the gut microbiome. In what was effectively a microbiome competition experiment, we discovered that two donor microbiomes (one female, one male) dominated strain engraftment and were characterized by high microbial diversity and a high Prevotella to Bacteroides (P/B) ratio. Engrafted strains led to enterotype-level shifts in community composition and provided genes that altered the metabolic potential of the community. Despite our attempts to standardize FMT dose and origin, FMT recipients varied widely in their engraftment of donor strains.

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence for the existence of FMT super-donors whose microbiomes are highly effective at engrafting in the recipient gut. Dominant engrafting male and female donor microbiomes harbored diverse microbial species and genes and were characterized by a high P/B ratio. Yet, the high variability of strain engraftment among FMT recipients suggests the host environment also plays a critical role in mediating FMT receptivity.

Trial registration

The Gut Bugs trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001351505).

Trial protocol

The trial protocol is available at https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/4/e026174.
A meta-analysis on educational technology in English language teaching
Authors: Rahmati Jafar , Izadpanah Siros , Shahnavaz Ali
Published: May 2021

As more various types of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs have been incorporated into language classrooms over the recent decades, it has become more important to uncover whether, to what extent, and under which moderator variables CALL can be yield more effective outcomes than traditional language instruction. The issue of education is one of the most important materials addressed by technology. Instead, meta-analysis is a statistical and quantitative method that leads us to a general conclusion by integrating the results of different researches. In this study, researchers worked on the impact of educational technology in English language teaching by studying 67 articles and theses (from 1000 studies that were relevant in title and abstract). All articles and theses were included from 2009 to 2020 and 7 articles were excluded from this study due to insufficient information. Furthermore, two instruments, SPSS (mainly its sub-branch Kruskal-Wallis test) and CMA were used to calculate and evaluate data in this research. The total effect size calculated for studies under both fixed and random models was statistically significant and also the study of effects by year of publication, instruments used in research and research methods showed that their effect size was significant. Teaching English with the help of technology has an effective effect size and has shown the success of this technology in language learning.
Premorbid β1-selective (but not non-selective) β-blocker exposure reduces intensive care unit mortality among septic patients
Authors: Kuo Ming-Jen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Lu Ya-Wen , Guo Jiun-Yu , Tsai Yi-Lin , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong
Published: May 2021

Background

β-blockers may protect against catecholaminergic myocardial injury in critically ill patients. Long-term β-blocker users are known to have lower lactate concentrations and favorable sepsis outcomes. However, the effects of β1-selective and nonselective β-blockers on sepsis outcomes have not been compared. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of different β-blocker classes on the mortality rate in septic patients.

Methods

We retrospectively screened 2678 patients admitted to the medical or surgical intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2015 and July 2017. Data from patients who met the Sepsis-3 criteria at ICU admission were included in the analysis. Premorbid β-blocker exposure was defined as the prescription of any β-blocker for at least 1 month. Bisoprolol, metoprolol, and atenolol were classified as β1-selective β-blockers, and others were classified as nonselective β-blockers. All patients were followed for 28 days or until death.

Results

Among 1262 septic patients, 209 (16.6%) patients were long-term β-blocker users. Patients with premorbid β-blocker exposure had lower heart rates, initial lactate concentrations, and ICU mortality. After adjustment for disease severity, comorbidities, blood pressure, heart rate, and laboratory data, reduced ICU mortality was associated with premorbid β1-selective [adjusted hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18–0.92; P = 0.030], but not non-selective β-blocker use.

Conclusion

Premorbid β1-selective, but not non-selective, β-blocker use was associated with improved mortality in septic patients. This finding supports the protective effect of β1-selective β-blockers in septic patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm it.
Development, piloting, and evaluation of an evidence-based informed consent form for total knee arthroplasty (EvAb-Pilot): a protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Weise Alina , Lühnen Julia , Bühn Stefanie , Steffen Felicia , Zacher Sandro , Lauberger Julia , Ates Deha Murat , Böhmer Andreas , Rosenau Henning , Steckelberg Anke , Mathes Tim
Published: May 2021

Background

Practitioners frequently use informed consent forms to support the physician-patient communication and the informed consent process. Informed consent for surgery often focuses on risk centered information due to high liability risks for treatment errors. This may affect patients’ anxiety of adverse events and the nocebo effect. This study focuses on the optimization of pre-surgical information on risks and complications, and at the same time reconciles these information with legal requirements.

Methods

The development, piloting, and evaluation of evidence-based informed consent forms for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and related anesthesia procedures will follow the UK MRC Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Conducting different sub-studies, we will (I) qualitatively explore the information acquisition and decision-making processes, (II) develop and pilot test evidence-based informed consent forms on the example of TKA and related anesthesia procedures, (III) conduct a monocentric interrupted time series (ITS) pilot study to evaluate the effects of evidence-based informed consent forms in comparison with standard consent forms, and (IV) perform a process evaluation to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the intervention and to analyze mechanisms of impact.

Discussion

The evidence-based and understandable presentation of risks in informed consent forms aims at avoiding distorted risk depiction and strengthening the patients’ competencies to correctly assess the risks of undergoing surgery. This might reduce negative expectations and anxiety of adverse events, which in turn might reduce the nocebo effect. At the same time, the practitioners’ acceptance of evidence-based informed consent forms meeting legal requirements could be increased.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04669483. Registered 15 December 2020.

German Clinical Trials Registry,DRKS00022571. Registered 15 December 2020
Study of the probable genotoxic effects of Zolone (Phosalone) exposure in mice bone marrow derived cells
Authors: Khodabandeh Zohre , Etebari Mahmoud , Aliomrani Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Background and aim

Approximately, 2 million tonnes of pesticides are utilized annually worldwide. Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Pln in the cells derived from mouse red bone marrow.

Materials and methods

Sixty mice were divided into 6 groups including cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, IP) and Pln (6, 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg) exposure by gavage. After 1 and 5 days of exposure, animals were euthanized and the genotoxicity assays were done on bone marrow extracted cells.

Results

Comet assay shows a time and dose-dependent toxicity which further DNA degradation is observed after 5-day exposure (p < 0.05). Also, Pln significantly increased the MnPCE/PCE ratio after 12 and 20 mg/kg administration while no significant difference was reported between the doses of 6 and 40 mg/kg BW with the negative control group.

Conclusion

Our results suggested a serious concern about its potential effects on biological life and related disease inductions. However further studies need to confirm the exact mechanism of Pln genotoxicity and the cause of diverse response of its activity at 40 mg/kg. This study also showed that increasing the dose of Pln reduces the MnNCE/Total cells ratio, which may indicate the possibility of bone marrow suppression. All of the above results emphasize the need to seriously limit the use of this compound as an agricultural pesticide.
Biochemical profile, non-enzymatic antioxidants and functional attributes of raw and thermally processed West African Mud Creeper, Tympanotonos fuscatus var radula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Moruf Rasheed Olatunji
Published: May 2021

Background

One of the many relevant factors that influence mollusc consumption is the quality of its meat. The meat ofTympanotonos fuscatusvarradulahas been traditionally used as a subsistence food source with high-quality nutritious culinary delicacy. The study assessed the biochemical profile, non-enzymatic antioxidants and functional attributes ofT.fuscatusvarradulafrom a brackish Creek in Southwest Nigeria.

Results

Protein formed the highest percentage both in raw and steamed samples with the mean values of 47.61 g/100 g and 46.04 g/100 g respectively. The total mineral content was higher in raw sample (237.40 mg 100 g−1) than in steamed sample (201.05 mg 100 g−1), in the decreasing order of phosphorus > sodium > calcium > potassium > magnesium. Raw sample had the highest proportion of energy contribution, which was from protein (PEP = 53.1%), while the least energy contribution was from fat (PEF = 3.1%) in steamed sample. The cholesterol content of rawT. fuscatusvarradulawas 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/100 g, being reduced by steaming to 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/100 g, while a nonsignificantly lower percentage of oleic was also observed in steamed sample (0.98 ± 0.01%). After steaming, the values of TBA, ascorbic acid and DPPH increased from 0.22 to 1.41 mg/100 g, 15.31 to 20.54 mg/100 g and 65.11 to 84.6%, respectively. Relatively, higher mean values of water absorption capacity (198.13%), oil absorption capacity (292.59%), and foam capacity (6.90%) were recorded in raw sample, while steamed sample was better in foam stability (33.33%) and emulsion stability (51.51%).

Conclusions

T. fuscatusvarradulais a good source of nutrition, rich in protein and because of its good functional physiognomies, the steamed edible part will be highly desirable for preparing complimentary food.
Peuyeum: fermented cassava from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Cempaka Laras
Published: May 2021

Peuyeum is a fermented cassava product from Indonesia. Peuyeum or cassava tapay is known as “Peuyeum Bandung,” whose name refers to a provincial capital in West Java, Java Island. Peuyeum is processed through fermentation and uses starter cultures in the form of yeast tapay. The word peuyeum comes from “meuyeum” or “memeram,” which in Sundanese—the native language of West Java—means an incubation. This is because the process to make it requires curing time for ripening. The cassava is peeled, cleaned, and boiled to soften the tissue, then the starter is added and incubated for a certain time. The skill of making peuyeum is a generational one, passed down so that this traditional food is still preserved, even though it has become the local specialty of West Java. Derivative products are now increasingly diverse, which are fried tapay, colenak (grilled peuyeum served with a mixture of brown sugar and coconut shavings), mixed fruit ice, peuyeum cake, and others. In fact, for all the abovementioned cuisines, it can be said that fermentation was applied in producing the various traditional food items. Philosophically, peuyeum represents societies, group solidarity, peace of mind, and language symbolism. Thus, this paper discusses the history, philosophy, process, and derivative products of peuyeum.
Organizational supports for knowledge translation in paediatric health centres and research institutes: insights from a Canadian environmental scan
Authors: Glegg Stephanie Miranda Nadine , Ryce Andrea , Miller Kimberly J. , Nimmon Laura , Kothari Anita , Holsti Liisa
Published: May 2021

Background

Organizational supports are thought to help address wide-ranging barriers to evidence-informed health care (EIHC) and knowledge translation (KT). However, little is known about the nature of the resources and services that exist within paediatric health care and research settings across Canada to facilitate evidence use in health care delivery. This survey examined existing supports for EIHC/KT within these organizations to inform the design of similar EIHC/KT support programmes.

Methods

A national environmental scan was conducted using a bilingual online survey distributed to leaders at Canadian paediatric academic health science centres and their affiliated research institutes. Participants were invited through email, social media and webinar invitations and snowball sampling. Supports of interest included personnel, resources, services, organizational structures or processes, and partnerships or collaborations; barriers and successes were also probed. Data were compiled by site, reported using descriptive statistics, or grouped thematically. Supports were described using the AIMD (Aims, Ingredients, Mechanism, Delivery) framework.

Results

Thirty-one respondents from 17 sites across seven provinces represented a 49% site response rate. Eleven (65%) sites reported an on-site library with variable staffing and services. Ten (59%) sites reported a dedicated KT support unit or staff person. Supports ranged from education, resource development and consultation to protocol development, funded initiatives and collaborations. Organizations leveraged internal and external supports, with the majority also employing supports for clinical research integration. Supports perceived as most effective included personnel, targeted initiatives, leadership, interdepartmental expertise, external drivers and logistical support. Barriers included operational constraints, individual-level factors and lack of infrastructure.

Conclusions

This first survey of organizational supports for EIHC/KT identified the range of supports in place in paediatric research and health care organizations across Canada. The diversity of supports reported across sites may reflect differences in resource capacity and objectives. Similarities in EIHC/KT and research integration supports suggest common infrastructure may be feasible. Moreover, stakeholder engagement in research was common, but not pervasive. Tailored support programmes can target multi-faceted barriers. Findings can inform the development, refinement and evaluation of EIHC/KT support programmes and guide the study of the effectiveness and sustainability of these strategies.
Topological turbulence in spin-orbit–coupled driven-dissipative quantum fluids of light generates high-angular-momentum states
(a)
Authors: Koniakhin S. V. , Malpuech G. , Solnyshkov D. , Nalitov A. V.
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate the formation of a high-angular-momentum turbulent state in an exciton-polariton quantum fluid with TE-TM Spin-Orbit Coupling (SOC). The transfer of particles from quasi-resonantly cw pumped

component to

component is accompanied with the generation of a turbulent gas of quantum vortices by inhomogeneities. We show that this system is unstable with respect to the formation of bogolons at a finite wave vector, controlled by the laser detuning. This instability can be triggered by an inhomogeneity of the pumping profile as in present calculations or by other sources like natural disorder in the cavity. In a finite-size cavity, the domains with this wave vector form a ring-like structure along the border of the cavity, with a gas of mostly same-sign vortices in the center. The total angular momentum is imposed by the sign of TE-TM SOC, the wave vector at which the instability develops, and the cavity size. This effect can be detected experimentally via local dispersion measurements or by interference. The proposed configuration thus allows simultaneous experimental studies of quantum turbulence and high-angular-momentum states in continuously pumped exciton-polariton condensates.
Quantum dot in a hybrid structure with dipolar excitons
Authors: Mahmoodian M. M. , Chaplik A. V.
Published: May 2021

Electron states in a quantum dot (QD) located near a 2D system of dipolar excitons are perturbed by fluctuations of the exciton density caused by the electron-exciton interaction. This results in the frequency changes of electron transitions in a QD. The frequency depends on the exciton density, as well as on the exciton gas phase state. In the present work, the shifts of the two lowest QD energy levels are found both in the normal state of the exciton system and for the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) regime.
Modulating surface plasmon resonance response by an external electromagnetic wave
Authors: Joshi Ashutosh , Kumar Amrit , V Manjuladevi , Gupta R. K.
Published: May 2021

We fabricated a highly sensitive layered structure of organic molecules and studied the influence of polarization of the external electromagnetic (EM) wave on the surface plasmon resonance response from the layered structure. The layered structure was formed by depositing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) followed by a single layer of Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) film of traditional calamitic liquid crystal molecule, 4

-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB). The SAM of MUA was found to be non-responsive towards the change in resonance angle (RA) of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) due to the change in polarization of the external EM wave. However, such layer provides a soft-surface platform for the single layer of 8CB molecules which gets perturbed locally due to the incidence of the external EM wave. We obtained an oscillatory modulation of the change in RA due to the change in polarization angle of the EM wave with respect to the plane of incidence. The magnitude of sensitivity was found to be ∼4 milli°/° angle of polarization of the external EM wave. This study strongly suggests that sensitivity of a SPR-based sensor can be controlled by altering the linear state of polarization of the incident external EM wave.
Waiting for AIDS in Kuwait
Authors: Goffman Laura Frances
Published: May 2021

The HIV/AIDS pandemic evoked anxieties that were tied to Kuwait’s particular histories of gendered citizenship and dislocations of globalized labor. In Kuwait, to the best of our knowledge, HIV/AIDS has not reached epidemic levels. But in the midst of global discussions of HIV/AIDS in the late 1980s and early 1990s, anxiety surrounding Kuwait’s integration into transnational networks of travel and tourism brought tensions over gender roles, citizenship, sexuality, and infidelity to the forefront of public discourse. Drawing on local Arabic-language newspapers, public health campaign material, and state-sponsored publications on Islamic interpretations of HIV/AIDS, this article examines the significance of AIDS in a region where reactions to the pandemic centered on the process of constructing a potential medical event. Citizens and noncitizen residents of Kuwait articulated these anxieties in the context of waiting—waiting to be infected, waiting for a national outbreak, waiting in quarantine, and, for noncitizens who tested positive for HIV, waiting to be deported. By the mid-1990s, this process of anticipating and taking concrete legal measures to prevent a future epidemic resulted in the medicalization of social and political patterns of gender inequality, nativism, and differential citizenship.
Towards a National Network of Entomological Collections in Greece
Authors: Georgiadis Christos
Published: May 2021

Although the history of entomological research in Greece spans to more than 2400 years, entomological collecting started about 200 years ago, while established entomological collections were registered about 20 years later. This paper presents the history of these collections giving information on their current status, provides information on the legislation regarding entomological collecting in Greece based on national and international laws and proposes the establishment of a National Network of Entomological Collections.
Lampyris pseudozenkeri (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) new species to Greece and Europe
Authors: Fanti Fabrizio , Vitali Francesco
Published: May 2021

Lampyris (s. str.) pseudozenkeri Geisthardt, 1999, a species closely related to Lampyris (s. str.) zenkeri Germar, 1817 and previously known from the south-western Turkey (Kuşadası, Aydın Province), is newly recorded from Kos Island (Dodecanese, Greece). This is the first record for Greece and Europe.
Filling the gaps in the distribution of an alien species: The case of the feather-legged fly Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Western Palearctic
Authors: Kazilas Christos , Demetriou Jakovos , Kalaentzis Konstantinos
Published: May 2021

The feather-legged fly, Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781), is a parasitoid species introduced in several European countries over the last decades. This study provides new records for the presence of the tachinid in Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal areas. Four individuals were observed by the authors in Greece and Cyprus (2015-2019) and 11 additional records of the fly in Albania, Cyprus, Greece, Russia, and Turkey (2011-2019) were obtained from citizen science platforms. We provide the first records of the species on the aforementioned countries, contributing in the expansion of the current distribution range of the species. Current and future hypothetical expansion scenarios, as well as potential ecological implications are presented and discussed.
Semblanza toponímica del ayuntamiento de Arzúa: apuntes etimológicos para un estudio de lingüística románica
Authors: Estévez Rionegro Noelia , Melendez Cabo Marina
Published: May 2021

Semblanza de la toponimia del ayuntamiento de Arzúa distribuida, en función del origen de cada nombre, en prerromana, celta, germánica, latina o romance. El objetivo es realizar un trabajo etimológico que siente las bases de futuros estudios de Lingüística románica con la finalidad de explicar el proceso de formación de los topónimos así como su significado aplicado a la realidad física circundante.
Géneros jurídicos y traducción
Authors: Jiménez Domínguez Mar
Published: May 2021

En el ámbito de la traducción jurídica, la clasificación de los textos supone una herramienta útil para el traductor durante el proceso de documentación, pues le permite un acercamiento al contexto en el que se utiliza y desarrolla el texto. Por ello, mediante la compilación de un corpus textual formado por demandas en alemán y español, hemos analizado la situación comunicativa y los rasgos legales que conforman esta clase textual, lo cual nos ha permitido desarrollar un modelo de clasificación en el que enmarcar el texto demanda.
La trayectoria narrativa de Mercedes Formica (1913-2002): mujer, posguerra y compromiso
Authors: Soler Gallo Miguel
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se efectúa un recorrido por la trayectoria literaria de Mercedes Formica, narradora española perteneciente a la denominada “Generación del 36”. Su obra, poco conocida y desarrollada en gran parte durante la posguerra española, constituye un ejemplo de compromiso con su realidad y de preocupación por los seres en conflicto con sus circunstancias.
Universal Barrier Is n-Self-Concordant
Authors: Lee Yin Tat , Yue Man–Chung
Published: May 2021

This paper shows that the self-concordance parameter of the universal barrier on any n-dimensional proper convex domain is upper bounded by n. This bound is tight and improves the previous O(n) bound by Nesterov and Nemirovski. The key to our main result is a pair of new, sharp moment inequalities for s-concave distributions, which could be of independent interest.
Keep your droplets to yourself: Universal use of face masks along with social distancing
Authors: Carvalho Helena , Contaifer Jr Daniel , Aranha Renata N. , De Matos Juliana A.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses aroundthe world, the universal use of face masks imposes itself as ameasure to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and iscurrently recommended by the World Health Organization.However, its effectiveness as a method of preventing COVID-19 is still controversial. Objective: To review the literatureon the universal use of facial masks, including fabric ones, andtheir recommendations for use. Methods: Narrative reviewof published studies on the topic. Results: Face masks act predominantlyas a source control mechanism, as they capturethe droplets expelled by the user when speaking, coughingor sneezing, protecting other people and the environmentfrom contamination by potentially infecting droplets. Evidenceof the effectiveness of its universal use as a method ofmitigating epidemics of viral respiratory infections is derivedfrom experimental studies and mathematical models. Properuse of facial masks is essential to ensure their effectivenessand prevent damage, and includes covering the nose, mouthand chin, washing the fabric masks with soap and water afteruse and hand hygiene several times a day, especially whenhandling the mask. Conclusions: The universal use of facialmasks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is justified,especially considering the occurrence of virus transmissionin the pre-symptomatic period, and should be adopted inconjunction with other measures such as adequate socialdistance and hygiene from the hands, following the motto“I protect you and you protect me”.
The therapeutic use of essential oils in the care of cancer patients in chemotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Monteiro-Oliveira Bruno B. , Coelho-Oliveira Ana Carolina , David Tatiane S. A. , Brito Adriana T. , Cruz Ana Carla A. , Souza Genice G. , Paineiras-Domingos Laisa L.
Published: May 2021

Introducton: Chemotherapy is an important therapy in the treatment of cancer. Nausea, vomiting and worsening quality are some adverse effects of chemotherapy. Aromatherapy is an ancient technique that uses essential oils for physical and psychological/emotional improvement and is able to reduce the symptoms of chemotherapy and can be an excellent complementary technique.Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of aromatherapy on the adverse effects of chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with cancer. Methods: A search in three database PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Five studies that analyzed the use of aromatherapy to evaluate the reduction of the adverse effects of chemotherapy in a cancer patient, published only in English were included. Two reviewers, which independently examined titles and abstracts, identified records through database search and reference screening and irrelevant studies were excluded based in eligibility criteria. Relevant full texts were analyzed for eligibility, and all selected studies were included in this systematic review.  Results: Five studies were included in this systematic review. This review suggests that aromatherapy reduces nausea, frequency of vomiting and improves quality of sleep. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is an effective technique to reduce nausea, the frequency of vomiting and improves the quality of sleep of patients diagnosed with cancer and undergoing chemotherapy. However, more randomized clinical trials with a good methodological quality are necessary to confirm the preliminary findings of this systematic review.
Perspectives of incretin mimetics in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Cardoso João Felipe R. , Cohen Célia , Medeiros Fernanda J. , Serfaty Fabiano M. , Neves Mario F. T.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) is a chronic conditionassociated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,neuropathies, nephropathies and eye diseases. Incretins (GIPand GLP-1) are hormones important to insulin secretion, andtheir actions are compromised in DM2 patients. Objectives:This review considers the opportunities and challenges ofusing incretin mimetics in the treatment of DM2. Methods:Bibliographic review referring to the period from 2000 to2020, in electronic databases such as Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed,Web of Science. Results: Incretins stimulate insulin secretionby the pancreas in response to nutrient intake, with a lowerpotential to cause hypoglycemia. In addition, they have acardioprotective role, reducing blood pressure, improvingendothelial and myocardial function, and their use has beenassociated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascularevents, including cardiovascular mortality. Clinical trialswith GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RA) reduced albuminuria, increasednatriuresis, and decreased oxidative stress. In addition,treatment with incretin mimetics reduced the occurrence ofthe main cardiovascular outcomes related to atherosclerosis,promoted weight loss and improved lipid profile. Conclusion:Studies show the important role of incretin mimetics in thepathophysiology and treatment of DM2, with significanteffects in the cardiovascular system. However, its use must beevaluated in relation to its safety and to in which individualsthe benefits outweigh the risks associated with the treatment.Thus, its clinical relevance depends on studies with long-termfollow-up of patients, with analysis of its impact on mortalityand on the development of micro and macrovascularcomplications.
Produzindo Corpos Trans: Cartografia pelo Território Virtual do YouTube em uma Perspectiva Pós-colonial
Authors: Palmiere Júlia Arruda da Fonseca , Bernardes Anita Guazzelli
Published: May 2021

Este artigo investiga a forma como transições de gênero são performadas no território virtual do YouTube mediante a prática de vlogging, a partir de uma perspectiva pós-colonial da Psicologia Social e da Saúde, em discussão com autores da filosofia africana. Modos de experimentar o gênero e a sexualidade adquirem novas reinserções com o uso das biotecnologias enquanto possibilidade para construção dos corpos e fabricação de si. A partir da análise das narrativas sobre experiências de transição binária e não binária, discutem-se os jogos entre saúde e acesso implicados no engendramento de políticas do corpo que tornam possível o estabelecimento de relações com a transição de gênero. As experiências de produção de corpos não binários permitiram pensar negociações com os saberes produzidos acerca das transições de gênero no presente. Assim, a pesquisa permite refletir sobre a relação do humano com a experiência da corporeidade, considerando as biotecnologias enquanto parte de um modo de subjetivação característico de nosso tempo histórico.
Relações entre Parentalidade e Funções Executivas: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Souza Wayson Maturana de , Rocha Luiz Fellipe Dias da , Carvalho Rafael Vera Cruz de , Fioravanti Ana Carolina Monnerat
Published: May 2021

A presente revisão sistemática investigou a produção científica a respeito da relação entre práticas parentais e funções executivas de crianças com desenvolvimento típico de zero a 13 anos. Foram realizadas buscas no Google Acadêmico, PsycNET, PubMed e SciELO, considerando artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, em português, inglês ou espanhol. Um total de 668 arquivos foi encontrado e, após as etapas de triagem, elegibilidade e seleção, foram incluídos 37 trabalhos. Os aspectos gerais dos artigos selecionados e seus resultados foram analisados. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos EUA e em países europeus, com crianças de zero a seis anos de idade. Para acessar as variáveis de interesse, diferentes métodos foram utilizados, como tarefas, testes, escalas e entrevistas. As práticas parentais investigadas foram categorizadas em: a) construtos gerais de parentalidade, b) parentalidade estimuladora, c) cuidados e afetividade parental e d) outros comportamentos parentais. Os resultados dos artigos indicaram relação entre as diferentes práticas parentais e as funções executivas dos filhos, sugerindo a influência da parentalidade no desenvolvimento executivo durante a infância. Orientações para estudos futuros são apresentadas.
Trocas Afetivas Mãe-bebê: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Bieler Clarice , Mendes Deise Maria Leal Fernandes
Published: May 2021

Bebês buscam ativamente interações sociais, favorecendo trocas afetivas consideradas essenciais ao desenvolvimento. Investigações a respeito propiciam maior compreensão do processo de desenvolvimento emocional infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar um panorama atual acerca das trocas afetivas mãe-bebê, examinando características das publicações científicas nessa temática entre 2008 e 2018. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura que permite uma síntese de conhecimentos a respeito, tendo-se empreendido uma busca nas bases de dados Web of Science, PsycNet, PUBMED, Scielo e LILACS. Foram selecionados 17 artigos para análise, após aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo pré-estabelecidas categorias para analisar os estudos. Os resultados indicaram baixo número de publicações sobre o tema no período considerado (sendo 2018 o ano com maior número), predomínio de estudos transversais, em grandes centros urbanos, com crianças de zero a 36 meses. A temática geral mais abordada foi a da dinâmica e circunstâncias das trocas afetivas iniciais. Foi possível apontar lacunas quanto à necessidade de estudos voltados para a diversidade cultural, contemplando diferença de sexo dos bebês e que incluam microanálises de comportamentos afetivos e turnos nas trocas afetivas. Argumenta-se ainda a necessidade de novos estudos brasileiros em que se explorem contextos socioeconômicos diversos.
A Psicologia em Publicações Científicas: Um Estudo Histórico no Periódico "Ciência e Cultura" (1949-1969)
Authors: Souza Felipe Maciel dos Santos , Andrade Filho José Alberto Lechuga de , Miranda Rodrigo Lopes
Published: May 2021

A formação e a profissão de psicólogo no Brasil foram regulamentas em 1962, com a promulgação da Lei n. 4119. Entretanto, a tramitação ocorreu por aproximadamente dez anos, em decorrência de debates e tensões entre diferentes atores sociais envolvidos com a área. Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever e analisar produções vinculadas à Psicologia, publicadas em um dos principais periódicos científicos brasileiros à época, Ciência e Cultura, no entorno temporal da promulgação da referida Lei (1949-1969). A pesquisa caracteriza-se como História do Tempo Presente, ancorada na História da Psicologia e na História das Ciências. O periódico analisado possui uma seção de Psicologia desde seu primeiro número (1949) em que observamos constantes publicações que, após a regulamentação da profissão, sofreram um aumento. Além disto, o número de artigos publicados sobre Psicologia é muito menor se comparado ao número de resumos científicos. Entre os autores, identificamos uma leve predominância do gênero feminino. Quanto às vinculações institucionais, verificamos uma alta incidência de materiais produzidos na região Sudeste. Foi possível identificar e analisar o que era produzido sobre Psicologia, e que aparecia em um influente vetor de circulação da ciência brasileira, no período.
A circulação do discurso especializado como parte dos fluxos de desinformação sobre a covid-19 no Whatsapp
Authors: Klein Eloisa J C , Klein Geane Valesca da Cunha
Published: May 2021

O texto analisa o papel do discurso especializado, ou discurso perito, na disseminação de desinformação sobre a Covid-19. Para tanto, considera-se um grupo de vídeos recebidos através de contribuições espontâneas, pelo Whatsapp, no período de março a maio de 2020. Os vídeos que circulam em mídias sociais acionam vozes peritas fora do texto do jornalismo (onde estariam representadas como fontes) e fora da comunicação profissional (em que seriam agenciadas por assessorias), o que cria um efeito de autenticidade e espontaneidade, fatores que tecem vínculos, essenciais para a criação de laços de confiança nos circuitos de redes. Estes aspectos favorecem a sedimentação dos conteúdos tratados pelos falantes, mesmo quando misturam informações acuradas e não corretas, elementos confirmados pela experiência e coisas ainda não acontecidas, contribuindo para os fluxos de desinformação.A circulação do discurso especializado como parte dos fluxos de desinformação sobre a covid-19 no Whatsapp
Eva Peron e Jorge Luis Borges, peronismo e anti-peronismo em tempos de pandemia: polifonia e interdiscursividade em tecnoculturas digitais.
Authors: Josiowicz Alejandra Judith
Published: May 2021

O artigo parte do marco teórico da Análise do Discurso, das Humanidades Digitais e da Análise Tecnocultural do Discurso, assim como dos Multiletramentos Digitais, e utiliza a metodologia da mineração textual e a análise léxico-semântica para examinar tweets sobre Jorge Luis Borges e Eva Perón feitos no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. A partir desse marco teórico-metodológico, desenvolve uma análise dos hashtags mais mobilizados, os termos mais comuns e os tópicos mais significativos nos tweets sobre ambos os intelectuais. Revela que Eva Perón e Borges ativaram posicionamentos em relação com questões como o peronismo e o antiperonismo, o feminismo e o antifeminismo, as políticas de saúde decorrentes da pandemia de Covid-19, e visões opostas da política e a sociedade. As práticas discursivas nas redes sociais aparecem como ativas produtoras de sentidos sociais e aglutinadoras de coletividades no momento de crise vivido em decorrência da emergência de saúde global. A análise sublinha o caráter interdiscursivo e polifônico dessas práticas, capazes de dar conta de sentidos múltiplos e heterogêneos, expressando apoio ou oposição às políticas dos governos, às mobilizações sociais e às medidas de saúde.
O estágio em formação de formadores no desenvolvimento curricular do curso de Pedagogia na UFMA
Authors: Silva Sirlene Mota Pinheiro da
Published: May 2021

Este artigo discute experiências desenvolvidas no Estágio em Formação de Formadores do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA). Problematiza o estágio e sua articulação entre pesquisa, extensão e formação continuada, momento em que discentes e docentes constituem-se em aprendizes, a partir das experiências e desafios vivenciados nos cursos de extensão desenvolvidos. Percebeu-se a importância da pesquisa ao longo da formação inicial e que o estágio se configura como um importante dispositivo na formação profissional, pois traz consigo a possibilidade de articulação entre o que é estudado na academia e o exercício profissional.
Entre samba e brilho: a produção dos corpos nos carnavais da Unidos da Rheingantz
Authors: Gularte Priscila Fontes , P. Finoqueto Leila Cristiane , Soares Rodrigo Lemos
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como são produzidos os corpos dentro de uma escola de samba localizada no extremo Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, estabelecendo uma articulação entre a produção dos corpos, o carnaval e o samba. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a uma amostra composta por oito sujeitos, sendo que seis desses são integrantes do grupo show da Sociedade Carnavalesca e Cultural Unidos da Rheingantz e dois são pessoas envolvidas com a memória/história do carnaval riograndino. O corpo, ao longo de 60 anos, ganhou visibilidade e relevância no interior do carnaval, assumindo a centralidade ao dar maior destaque aos contornos do que aos tecidos e adornos. Percebe-se, assim, um movimento que não é uniforme, mas indica, fortemente, a exacerbação do corpo pelos seus aspectos estéticos que devem se sobressair, mesmo que isso implique a negação, em alguns casos, do próprio corpo que se tem/é.
Formação de educadores de turmas multisseriadas: a narrativa como dispositivo formativo
Authors: Pena Selma Costa , De Oliveira Douglas Almeida
Published: May 2021

Resultado de processo formativo do Programa Escola da Terra, o texto analisa uma prática de formação continuada, com professores/as, coordenadores/as pedagógicos e tutores/as de turmas multisseriadas, do município de Santarém, oeste do estado do Pará. A narrativa como dispositivo formativo foi elemento metodológico de construção de dados, permitindo recuperar e reconstruir os processos formativos dos professores, por vezes silenciados ou pouco considerados nos processos de pesquisas e de formação docente. Os resultados dessa prática formativa apresentam o abandono histórico a que vem sendo submetida a educação do campo no estado do Pará, convergindo para o já demonstrado nas legislações educacionais e na própria concepção de educação do campo. Conclui-se que a formação continuada implementada pelo Programa Escola da Terra apresentou outra forma de ver e de pensar o trabalho docente, a partir de suas narrativas, da discussão realizada com seus pares, das leituras realizadas e das sínteses construídas coletivamente.
Abecedário da inclusão: entrecruzando memória e formação docente
Authors: Fonseca Michele Pereira de Souza da , Leme Erika Souza
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a análise das memórias de experiências excludentes dos professores/as, como elemento formativo, desenvolvido no Curso de pós-graduação em Educação Física escolar na perspectiva inclusiva. Este estudo é parte de uma pesquisa, cujo eixo central  busca compreender os processos de inclusão/exclusão na formação/ação de professores de Educação Física. Neste artigo, apresentamos o Abecedário da Inclusão estruturado em pressupostos teórico-metodológicos que confrontam as bases sociais que forjam cotidianamente a exclusão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, contando com 19 docentes em formação continuada, que consentiram em rememorar suas experiências passadas na fase de escolarização. Os principais resultados apontaram a necessidade de se elaborar as “marcas" das exclusões vividas no passado para que se possa admitir um porvir sem a reprodução de estereótipos, rótulos e preconceitos, dando força, sentido e materialidade em um fazer político-pedagógico que se identifica e se relaciona com os valores humanitários da inclusão.
As oficinas de integração como prática pedagógica em tempos de incerteza e crise
Authors: Spacek Iuri Kieslarck , Silva Vitor Gomes da , Pasqualli Roberta
Published: May 2021

A forma de organização curricular escolar vem, historicamente, produzindo a fragmentação do conhecimento sobre os objetos. Nesse sentido, as perspectivas de educação que se pautam em currículos integrados tem se demonstrado espaços privilegiados para o estudo e análise dos objetos enquanto síntese de múltiplas determinações, tornando-se alternativas pedagógicas em tempos de incerteza e crise. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as concepção de integração curricular apresentadas pelos  estudantes de um Curso de Ensino Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio (CTIIEM) a partir da materialização da prática pedagógica na unidade curricular (UC) de Oficina de Integração (OI). A OI compõe um núcleo comum de UC com carga horária específica de preparação, aplicação, síntese e avaliação coletiva do processo pedagógico. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa e dialética, caracterizada como caso de estudo. Foi realizada por meio de pesquisa documental, teórica e análise de dados empíricos coletados com 120 estudantes. Como resultados, destacam-se duas categorias de análise: (a) a integração curricular como análise de um tema a partir de conhecimentos científicos distintos e, (b) a integração a partir de processos metodológicos diversificados colocando o estudante como sujeito do processo. Como resultados da pesquisa, considera-se que as duas categorias se conectam e expressam movimentos simultâneos de assimilação ativa dos conhecimentos por meio das Oficinas de Integração (OIs) já que, para os estudantes, as propostas tradicionais de ensino parecem como algo totalmente apartado de sua vida, algo com o qual ele não se identifica.