bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic and intermediate igneous activity and its relationships to the evolution of the Julianehåb granite, South Greenland
Authors: Allaart J
Published: June 2021

In the area investigated, situated in the eastern part of the Julianehåb granite region, six granite varieties constitute large areas between which mainly ENE-trending belts of gneiss and metamorphic supracrustals are preserved. Much of the granite probably represents anatectic pre-Ketilidian basement. Three varieties belong to the 1st episode of Ketilidian plutonism. Three younger mainly allochthonous varieties (2nd episode) were generated in connection with basic and intermediate igneous activity. One of the oldest (pre-1st episode) basic intrusive bodies was probably intruded into a granitic part of the pre-Ketilidian basement. Others occur in Ketilidian metavolcanics. Six types of calc-alkali basic and intermediate intrusives postdate the 1st episode. The metadolerites are mainly concentrated in the Julianehåb granite region and are interpreted as intraorogenic. Some of the hypersthene gabbros might be contemporaneous with the metadolerites. The first phase of the 2nd episode of Ketilidian plutonism is characterised by deformation, and emplacement of allochthonous granite bodies which was controlled by older fold structures. A slow process of consolidation in the cores of the bodies eventually permitted the intrusion of the synkinematic dykes mainly concentrated there. Before these dykes were intruded the crustal conditions in the margins of the bodies and outside permitted the intrusion of the pyroxene-bearing diorites and possibly of some hypersthene gabbros during the earlier stages of the formation of the Big-feldspar granite of the second phase. The second phase is furthermore marked by migmatisation of basic and intermediate intrusives in a broad belt surrounding the southern part of the Big-feldspar granite. The latest phase of granite development, mainly confined to the eastern part of the Julianehåb granite region, is marked by emplacement of leucocratic granites and passive remobilisation of older granites followed by intrusion of the net-veined diorites and leucocratic veining. Finally, swarms of slightly metamorphosed tholeiitic dykes mark the transition from plutonic to cratogenic conditions. Evidence is presented suggesting that the eastern part of the Julianehåb granite region constitutes the site of the latest thermal activity in the Ketilidian mobile belt. In addition, differences in crustal conditions between this part and the surrounding regions during earlier stages of the plutonic evolution are considered.
Plutonic development of the Ilordleq area, South Greenland. Part II: Late-kinematic basic dykes
Authors: Watterson J
Published: June 2021

Basic dykes with primary amphibolite facies mineral assemblages were emplaced along active transcurrent fissures in the closing stages of a period of plutonic activity. The order of crystallisation, determined from petrographic evidence and from the composition of filter-pressed fractions, is consistent with consolidation of the magma at ca. 4000 bars water pressure at 800-850°C. The marked calc-alkaline trend of differentiation and the high-alumina characteristics of some dykes, illustrated by ten chemical analyses, is shown to be the likely result of a fractionation dominated by the separation of mafic from felsic phases. This type of fractionation is shown to be a consequence of the conditions under which the dykes crystallised, and is contrasted with fractionation taking place under conditions of low water pressure. The type of differentiation demonstrated by the dyke suite is shown to be capable of producing many of the characteristic features of the orogenic volcanic suite, including relatively large amounts of intermediate differentiates. Oblique foliation in the dykes is shown to be related to transcurrent movements and is interpreted by reference to a model of rotational homogenous strain.
Ilimaussite, a new rare earth-niobium-barium silicate from Ilímaussaq South Greenland
Authors: Semenov E.I , Kazakova M.E , Bukin V.J
Published: June 2021

A new mineral - Na4Ba2CeFeNb2Si8O28.5H2O - found in a hydrothermal vein in nepheline-sodalite syenite (naujaite) of the llímaussaq alkaline massif is described. The mineral is named ilimaussite after the locality where it was found. It forms brownish-yellow lamellae and is associated with ussingite, chkalovite and epistolite. The specific gravity is 3.6. The mineral is optically uniaxial positive; ne = 1.695, no = 1.689. The mineral is hexagonal, ao = 10.80, co = 20.31, Vo = 2052 Å3, Z = 3. The chemical composition is: SiO2 - 31.28, TiO2 - 1.64, Nb2O5 - 13.20, TR2O3 - 10.60, Fe2O3 - 3.18, BaO - 23.62, Na2O - 7.00, K2O - 3.80, loss by ignition - 6.43; total 100. 75.
The stratigraphy and structure of the Ketilidian rocks of Midternæs, South-West Greenland
Authors: Higgins A.K
Published: June 2021

The stratigraphy of the Ketilidian rocks of the Midternæs area is described and an account given of the various structures which deform them. Correlations between the Midternæs area and the Ketilidian type area of Grænseland, situated immediately south of Midternæs, are made on group and formation level; the Vallen Group and Sortis Group and their respective formations are each recognised. Lateral variations within the Sortis Group are described and a new formation not exposed in the type area is established. The total thickness of the Ketilidian strata exposed is about 5000 m. The early deposits of the mainly sedimentary Vallen Group were laid down in restricted basins and are of variable rock type, thickness and distribution. Later deposits were laid down in deeper water and are more uniform in character and have a more widespread distribution. The mainly volcanic Sortis Group comprises thick sequences of pillow lavas of tholeiitic basalt composition intruded by numerous gabbroic sills derived probably from the same parent magma. Pyroclastics and sediments occur at certain levels. Felsic volcanic breccias suggest that a vent was situated at the southern extremity of the Midternæs area. A large-scale warping of the sub-Ketilidian surface may have preceded the mesoscopic folding. F1 folding produced isoclinal, recumbent structures and was accompanied by low-angle thrusting. F2 folding produced structures with NE-trending, steeply inclined axial planes and often an axial plane cleavage. The minor F. folds are of little significance. Kink folds and conjugate folds occur in Ketilidian and in pre-Ketilidian rocks and their development appears to have occurred under stress conditions comparable to those which produced faults. The principal faults are tear faults. A group of WNW faults have consistent sinistral displacements and a group of faults trending between ENE and NNE consistent dextral displacements. The chronology of the dykes which cut the Ketilidian rocks is briefly discussed. Some WNW dykes may be late Ketilidian, but the major dyke swarm trending between ENE and NNE is probably of Gardar age. It is considered that similar stress conditions influenced both Gardar dyke intrusion and Gardar faulting.
The Precambrian, Eocambrian and early Palaeozoic stratigraphy of the Jørgen Brønlund Fjord area, Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Jepsen H.F
Published: June 2021

The sedimentary sequence in the platform area (approx. 2500 km2) around Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, North Greenland, has been mapped, and sections through the Precambrian, Eocambrian and Lower Palaeozoic sequence are described. After a summary of the previous geological field work carried out in the area, a lithological description of a composite section through the sequence below the Lower Cambrian Brønlund Fjord Dolomite (Troelsen, 1949) is given. This sequence, which is about 1000 m thick, is divided into four formations – in ascending order: Inuiteq Sø Formation (sandstone), Morænesø Formation (tillite and dolomite), Portfjeld Formation (dolomite) and Buen Formation (sandstone and shale). The first three named formations are separated by two unconformities both representing a long period of erosion. The strata are cut by two dolerite sequences, of which the older (the Midsommersø dolerites) is of Precambrian age and intrudes only the Inuiteq Sø Formation. Intrusions of the younger sequence penetrate all the strata in the Jørgen Brønlund Fjord area and are regarded as post-Palaeozoic. In the last section the chronostratigraphy and the correlation with neighbouring areas are discussed. Special attention is given to the two newly discovered erosional unconformities, which together with the tillite occurrence and the radiometric K/Ar dated Midsommersø dolerites, throw new light on the stratigraphy of North Greenland.
Bidrag til Bornholms Geologi. I.
Authors: Grönwall K.A , Ravn J.P.J , Hjorth A , Ussing N.V
Published: June 2021

K. A. Grönwall: Bemærkninger om Bornholms sedimentære Dannelser og deres tektoniske Forhold. J. P. J. Ravn: Trilobitfaunaen i den bornholmske Trinucleusskifer. A. Hjorth: Om Vellengsbyleret og dets Flora. N. V. Ussing: Sandstengange i Granit paa Bornholm.
The Søby Flora: Fossil plants from the Middle Miocene delta deposits of the Søby-Fasterholt area, Central Jutland, Denmark. Part I
Authors: Christensen Erik Fjeldsø
Published: June 2021

In 1969 a new Danish fossil flora was found in the Søby-Fasterholt area near Herning. The fossil flora, called the Søby Flora, is found in a clay bed at the top of the Odderup Formation. The bed is succeeded by the Middle Miocene Hodde Clay, itself overlain by Upper Miocene Glauconite Clay. The Gram Clay, containing marine fossils is found a few km further south, and forms a biostratigraphical indicator level. The fossil plants, and especially the leaves, are well preserved. This paper is the first part of the systematic description, treating the following species: Pinus thomasiana (Goepp.) Reichenbach, Taxodium dubium (Sternb.) Heer, Smilax weberi Wessel and Comptonia acutiloba Brongniart. In the present paper the reader will find the epidermis of Smilax weberi and that of Comptonia acutiloba described for the first time.
Foraminifera in Eemian deposits at Stensigmose, southern Jutland
Authors: Konradi Peter Budach
Published: June 2021

The foraminiferal content of 57 samples from two sections in interglacial Eemian deposits of the cliff at Stensigmose, Broagerland in southern Jutland, have been investigated. Saalian glaciofluvial deposits and Eemian freshwater clay, underlying the marine sequence, were examined in order to check a contamination by reworked specimens from older deposits. The foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the marine sediments were deposited in shallow water. As the lower part of the strata was deposited, the water depth was increasing, but later on it was constantly decreasing. The lower part of the marine sequence was deposited during rising temperature conditions, reaching probably a little higher than today. Salinity was low throughout the deposition of these sediments, but higher than that of the present Baltic Sea.
Rhaetic to Lower Liassic palynology of the onshore south-eastern North Sea Basin
Authors: Lund Jens J
Published: June 2021

Rhaetic to Lower Liassic microfloras of gymnospermpollen, microspores and aquatic palynomorphs from outcrops and cored wells in southern Scandinavia and NW Germany are investigated. 146 groups of palynomorphs, mainly species are presented from the Danish borehole Rødby 1. Based mostly on restudy of the holotypes 24 new combinations for species/varieties occurring in Rødby 1 are proposed. One new species , Corollina zwolinskai ranging from Lower to Middle Rhaetic is described.The range of polynomorphs, mainly species are noted in the wells: Rødby 1, Maasbiüll 1 and Eitzendorf 8 and in a composite section from Scania. The following miospore zones are defined: The Corollina Enzonalasporites Zone (? Norian - Lower Rhaetic), the Ricciisporites Conbaculatisporites Zone (transition (Lower-) Middle Rhaetic), the Rhaetipollis Limbosporites Zone (Middle Rhaetic), the Riciisporites Polypodiisporites Zone (Upper Rhaetic), the Pinuspollenites Trachysporites Zone (Lias alfa 1-2) and an unnamed zone with Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus (Lias alfa 3 to beta to ?, upper boundary not defined). Within the Corollina Enzonalasporites Zone the following subzones are defined: The Corollina Porcellispora Subzone, the Granuloperculatipolis Subzone and above the Enzonalasporites Conbaculatisporites Subzone. The two latter subzones are probably restricted to the Lower Rhaetic. The zones and subzones are used to correlate the mainly non marine deposits of Rødby 1, Scania, Poland and E. Germany with the more marine deposits of NW Germanu.In Scania the stratum typicum of the stratigraphically important species Limbosporites Lundbladi Nilsson is shown to be (Middle) Rhaetic. Unmixed Lepidopteris and Thaumatopteris macrofloras are of (Middle) Rhaetic and Lias alfa age, respectively.In E Germany the topmost "Middle Keuper" sensu Schulz is transferred to the Lower Rhaetic.In Poland the Drawno Beds are shown to be Lower Rhaetic and the Weilichowo Beds to be Middle (to Upper) Rhaetic.Rødby 1 is correlated lithostratigraphically with wells in NW Germany mainly on basis of the clay colours (red and green in the Lower Rhaetic, dark grey in the Middle Rhaetic, brown to light greenish grey in the Upper Rhaetic and dark grey in the basal Liassic). The lithostratigraphy agrees closely with the palynostratigraphy in Rødby 1.
Fersk vandslagene ved Nørre Lyngby
Authors: Jessen A , Nordmann V
Published: June 2021

Som det fremgaar af nærværende Afhandling, har Ferskvandslagene i Klinten ved Nørre Lyngby sydfor Lønstrup lige siden deres Opdagelse jævnligt tiltrukket sig Naturforskernes Opmærksomhed. De interessante geologiske Forhold og Fundet af forskellige Dyre- og Plantelevninger, fremfor alle Underkæben af et Jordegern, har fremkaldt saa mange Anskuelser om Maaden og Tiden for disse Lags Dannelse, a t alle de interesserede følte, at det sidste Ord om disse Spørgsmaal endnu ikke var sagt. På en Ekskursion, som Dansk geologisk Forening afholdt til Lønstrup Klint 8. Juli 1912, og hvori nærværende Skrifts Forfattere deltog, fik vi det Indtryk, at det Parti af Klinten, hvori disse Ferskvandslag fandtes, i særlig Grad havde været Genstand for Havets Nedbrydning, saa at man maatte befrygte, al denne Vigtige Lokalitet stod i Fare for snart at forsvinde. En fornyet Undersøgelse, medens del endnu var Tid, maatte derfor anses for i høj Grad ønskelig. Da der omtrent samtidig udgik Opfordring til nordiske Videnskabsmænd om at hædre Japetus Steenstrups Minde ved et Festskrift i Anledning af Hundredeaarsdagen for hans Fødsel, mente vi, at Resultaterne af de paatænkte Undersøgelser passende kunde være et Bidrag fra Geologernes Side, eftersom Steenstrups Navn i særlig Grad er knyttet til Nørre Lyngby. Forskellige Forhold medførte imidlertid, at Redaktionen af Mindeskriftet maatte afsluttes, førend denne Afhandling kom i trykfærdig Stand. Hovedundersøgelsen af Lagene fandt Sted i Maj 1913 og blev foretagen af A. Jessen, N. Hartz og V. Nordmann; da de geologiske og malakologiske Undersøgelser var afsluttede, fuldførte N. Hartz alene de store Udgravninger, hvorved han bl.a. fremskaffede et ikke ubetydeligt Materiale af Knogler og andre Dyrelevninger. Ved den i det følgende Efteraar paabegyndte Bearbejdelse af Materialet viste det sig imidlertid ønskeligt, at der blev foretaget supplerende Undersøgelser, der anstilledes i Maj 1914. Da Hartz imidlertid havde taget sin Afsked fra »Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse«, overdrog Kommissionen for denne Institution det til V. Nordmann der skulde fremstille de faunistiske Forhold, ogsaa at give en Skildring af de floristiske. De forskellige i Teksten nævnte Videnskabsmænd, som har bistaaet os ved Bestemmelse af Materiale og paa anden Vis, bringer Vi hermed vor hjerteligste Tak. Ligeledes takker vi Hr. Gaardejer Holger Mikkelsen i Nørre Lyngby, der af Interesse for Sagen i Aarenes Løb jævnlig har haft sin Opmærksomhed henvendt paa Klinten, og hvem vi bl.a. skylder Fundene af Rensdyrtakken og Sneharens Kranie. Skønt vi haaber, at vi ved vort Arbejde har bragt Besvarelsen af Spørgsmaalene om Lagenes Dannelse og Alder og de paa hin Tid herskende Naturforhold et godt Stykke fremad, er vi dog ikke blinde for, at der endnu er mange Detailler at udrede, ligesom ogsaa nye Indsamlinger af Fossiler og arkæologiske Genstande bør foretages, naar som helst Lejlighed gives, indtil Havet har taget den sidste Rest af disse interessante Lag.
Den vulkanske aske i moleret samt en oversigt over Danmarks ældre Tertierbjergarter. Tekst
Authors: Bøggild O.B
Published: June 2021

Saa vidt vides, er det første Sted, hvor Moler et omtales i Literaturen, Pontoppidans Danske Atlas 1 ), hvor der nævnes "Tripels eller Terra Tripolitana" fra Mors og Fur; endvidere nævn es en Skifersten, staaende paa Kanten, ligeledes fra Fur, og der er vel her næppe nogen Tvivl om, at der hermed tænkes paa Lagene i Knudeklinten, der mere end andre Molerlag har en fuldstændig lodret Stilling. Den første Antydning af Kendskab til Askelagene har man i følgende Beskrivelse: "Imod Fiord-Siden ere tvende høie Bierge, hvoraf Foden bestaaer af en kalkagtig Leer-Art, blandet med Vitriol Syre, hvorigiennem løbe brandgule, Jernagtige Striber, som for Øiet giver et behageligt Syn; Naar man brænder den i Ilden, blive Striberne røde og den blaa Grund hvid".
Senon og Danien ved Voxlev
Authors: Jessen Axel , Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

3 km SØ for Nibe, 1 km VSV for Voxlev Kirke, ligger Voxlev (HuIemølle) Kalkværk. Kalken brydes i den høje Skrænt paa Vestsiden af Binderup Aas Dal (Fig. 3-4, Side 9) ; det er typisk Bryozokalk, rig paa Fossiler og med graa, pladeformet Flint i gennemgaaende Lag. I den høje fra SV til NØ gaaende Væg i Kalkbruddet (Fig. 1, Side 7) ses Flintlagene at være svagt bølgede og at have en ringe Stigning mod NØ. I den øverste Halvdel af Væggen er Kalken kornet og porøs ; den er meget modstandsdygtig mod Forvitring, faar i Tidens Løb en haard Vejrskal og saves derfor ud Lil Bygningssten, naar der er Afsætning for saadanne. I den nederste Halvdel af Væggen er Kalken tættere og indeholder mere løst Kalkslam mellem Bryozofragmenterne ; den er derfor vandsugende, angribes lettere af Frosten og skaller af paa Overfladen. Denne Kalksten kan kun anvendes til Brænding. Ved Udhugning af en Brønd, der fra Kalkbruddets Bund førtes ned til 4.4 m under Vandspejlet i Binderup Aa, fandtes ligeledes haard Kalksten, dog efter Sigende af en lidt anden Beskaffenhed. Flinten, der i denne Dybde optræder i stor Mængde, angives at være pølseformet og noget mørkere end i den øvre Del af Bryozokalken.
Oversigt over de sen- og postglaciale niveauforandringer i Danmark
Authors: Mertz Ellen Louise
Published: June 2021

Materialet til Udarbejdelsen ar denne Oversigt over de sen- og postglaciale Niveauforandringer i Danmark er - paa enkelte Undtagelser nær - hentet fra Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelses Skrifter. Oversigten er saaledes kun at betragte som en Sammenstilling af allerede publicerede Maalinger og Iagttagelser. For Oplysningerne om Jyllands - i Særdeleshed Vendsyssels - Niveauforandringer danner Statsgeolog Axel Jessens Maalinger Grundlaget, for Samsø og Fyen har jeg haft Dr. Victor Madsens og for Sjælland og Bornholm fortrinsvis Professor K. Rørdams og Statsgeolog V. Milthers Oplysninger at støtte mig til. Som det fremgaar af Tabellerne, har jeg i det store og hele kun medtaget de egentlige Stranddannelser i Oversigten ; dog er der paa en enkelt Egn (i Vendsyssel) gjort Brud paa denne Regel, idel del marine, skalførende Fjorddynds nuværende Højde over Havet giver saa sikre Holdepunkter for Bestemmelse af Lilorina-Sænkningens Forløb, al jeg har ment at burde medtage enkelte af dets Lokaliteter i Tabellen. · Ved Fastlæggelsen af de postglaciale Isobaser er der laget Hensyn til den Højde, hvortil Havet i Nutiden kan kaste Strandgrus op (»den øverste Tanglinie«), en Højde, der kan variere fra c. 3 m ved det aabne Havs Kyster og til mindre end 1 m i beskyttede Vige og Fjorde; de postglaciale Isobaser skulde saaledes angive den virkelige Hævnings Størrelse i de forskellige Egne af Landet. En tilsvarende Reduktion af Maalene for de senglaciale Strandlinier er derimod næppe gennemførlig, idel man vanskeligt ud fra Nutidens øverste Tanglinier kan drage Slutninger om Bølgeslagets Højde ved Yoldiahavets Kyster. De senglaciale Strandliniers nuværende Højde over Havet danner derfor del direkte Grund lag for de Isobaser, der angiver Landets Hævning siden Yoldiahavets Maksimum. Samtlige Maal er her angivet i Meter, til Trods for at der ved en Del af Maalingerne oprindelig er anvendt Fod. Da disse ældre Maalinger i enkelte Tilfælde er noget afrundede, maa Meter-Angivelsernes Decimaler benyttes med en vis Varsomhed.
Det cenomane Basalkonglomerat paa Bornholm
Authors: Ravn J.P.J
Published: June 2021

Da det under Verdenskrigen efterhaanden viste sig umuligt al skaffe Raastof til den for vort Landbrug nødvendige Fosforsyregødning til Veje fra Udlandet, maatte den Tanke ligge nær at gøre et Forsøg paa at udnytte vore egne, fra tidligere Tid kendte Forekomster af fosforsyreholdige Aflejringer, og da den eneste, der kunde synes at love et nogenlunde tilfredsstillende Udbytte, var Fosforitlaget ved Madsegrav, Øst for Amager, besluttede man for Statens Regning at lade foretage en Undersøgelse af dette Lags Udstrækning og Mægtighed. Denne Undersøgelse blev i Løbet af Aaret 1918 udført af »Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse « ved Statsgeolog V. MILTHERS , og Resultatet blev, at Staten det følgende Aar lod begynde en Brydning af Fosforitlaget. Da det imidlertid atter lykkedes at tilføre Landet Fosforit fra Udlandet, og Fosforitbrydningen paa Bornholm efterhaanden maatte kæmpe med alvorlige tekniske Vanskeligheder, standsedes Brydningen allerede 1920. Under et Besøg ved Madsegrav 1919 blev jeg opmærksom paa, at der fandtes ikke ganske faa Forsteninger i de fra Skakten udkørte Fosforitknolde. Jeg anvendte da nogle Dage til med Assistance af daværende stud. mag. H. Ødum at gennemsøge Fosforitdyngerne, hvorved der skaffedes et ret stort Forsteningsmateriale til Veje. Senere paa Aaret hjembragtes en ny Samling af Hr. Ødum, ligesom jeg ved Besøg paa Stedet i de følgende Aar foretog nye Indsamlinger. Tillige skænkede Overmontør Sparre Andersen, Læge C. Malling og Fabriksinspektør C. Ottesen »Universitetets mineralogiske og geologiske Museum« en Del Forsteninger, og ved Køb erhvervede delte Museum endvidere en større Samling, som var tilvejebragt af en af de Arbejdere, der var beskæftigede ved Bruddet. -- Fra· Statsgeolog V. Milthers har jeg modtaget enkelte Oplysninger, og ligeledes skylder jeg Direktør for »Hasle Klinker- og Chamottefabrik«, Ingeniør K. Sødring Tak, idet han har været saa velvillig at give mig Oplysninger om de ved Madsegrav foretagne Undersøgelsesboringer. Endvidere maa jeg bringe Museumsassistent, mag. scient. Chr. Poulsen min bedste Tak for den Omhu, hvormed han har fotograferet en Del af de foreliggende Forsteninger.
Stratigraphical and Paleontological Studies of Interglacial Fresh-water Deposits in Jutland and Northwest Germany. Atlas
Authors: Jessen Knud , Milthers V
Published: June 2021

Atlas with 40 plates.
Boringerne ved Langbrogaard ved Sønderborg
Authors: Madsen Victor , Ødum Hilmar , Gry Helge
Published: June 2021

Fra Tandlæge D. Evald i Sønderborg, som ved mine geologiske Foredrag og Avisartikler havde faaet stor Interesse for Egnens Geologi, modtog jeg i Maj 1931 en Meddelelse om, at et Konsortium havde henvendt sig til hans Svoger, Gaardejer Hans Dall, Langbrogaard i Sundeved lidt Vest for Sønderborg, om at faa overdraget Eneret til at efterforske og udvinde Stensalt, Kalisalte og Raaolie paa hans Grund. Ved at sætte mig i Forbindelse med Gaardejer Dall og andre fik jeg efterhaanden oplyst, at en Ingeniør W. Meyer og en Forretningsmand v. Somnitz, begge fra Hamburg, med pekuniært Tilskud fra Direktør C. E. Holken og Grosserer A. Bucjárdt, begge i København, havde berejst Østjylland fra Rigsgrænsen til Randers Egnen med en Ønskekvistmand, Lærer Badenhop fra St. Dionys i Luneburger Land for ved Hjælp af Ønskekvisten at udforske, hvor der fandtes Salte og Raaolie. Da Badenhop angav, at der fandtes Stensalt ved Langbrogaard i en Dybde af 235 m og Kalisalte ved 280 m, samt Olie i Egnen, hvor Aarhus, Randers og Viborg Amter støder sammen, erhvervede Konsortiet sig 25. Juni 1931 Eneret af Gaardejer Dall til paa hans Ejendom at eftersøge og udnytte Stensalt, Kalisalte og Raaolie og projekterede Anlæget af et Saltværk ved Kysten af Als Sund lige Vest for Sønderborg Station.
Die Gesteine des Unterkambriums von Bornholm nebst einigen. Bemerkungen über die tektonischen Verhältnisse von Bornholm
Authors: Hansen Kaj
Published: June 2021

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist in erster Linie auf Geländearbeiten in den Jahren 1933, 1934 und 1935 aufgebaut. Von dem hierdurch zusammengetragenen Material wurden 350 Dünnschliffe hergestellt, die der näheren Untersuchung der Proben dienten. Diese Untersuchungen wurden im Mineralogischen Museum der Universität Kopenhagen vorgenommen, und ich bin Fräulein Dr. phil. Karen Callisen, Inspektör am Mineralogisk Museum, zu großem Dank verpflichtet für die Bereitwilligkeit, mit der sie den erforderlichen Arbeitsplatz zu meiner Verfügung gestellt hat.
Cyrtograptusskifrene paa Bornholm. 1. Øleaa
Authors: Laursen Dan
Published: June 2021

Nærværende Arbejde er blevet til paa Grundlag af Indsamlinger foretaget i Somrene 1932- 34, efter Tilskyndelse af Dr. phil. Christian Poulsen og Docent Alfred Rosenkrantz. Der er ikke før gennemført en grundig og systematisk Undersøgelse og Bearbejdelse af disse Skifre, saaledes som Tilfældet er med de fleste andre palæozoiske Lag paa Bornholm. Jeg er begge de Herrer megen Tak skyldig saavel for den første Inspiration, som for den Interesse, hvormed de har fulgt Arbejdet, samt for megen Hjælp under Bearbejdelsen. Faunaen er fyldig behandlet, da det er Forfatterens mening, at dette kan have Betydning for de mange, der paa geologiske Ekskursioner besøger Bornholm. Det maa i denne Forbindelse fremhæves, at mange højere Skoler i de senere Aar til Stadighed fører et stort Antal Elever til Øen, hvor de forskellige Lag gøres til Genstand for en meget nøje Gennemgang.
On the Salt-Solutions in Microscopic Cavities in Granites
Authors: Faber Harald
Published: June 2021

Microscopic cavities were observed by Davy in 1822 and by Brewster in 1826 in various crystals of minerals and were more thoroughly studied by H. C. Sorby (J) who in 1858 from his observations drew certain conclusions as to the origin of minerals and rocks. Sorby examined first the microscopic structure of crystals which he had made under different conditions from solutions of various salts. The crystals contained microscopic cavities which were sometimes filled with a liquid, viz. that from which the crystals had been formed, the mother-liquor. If the crystals were formed at an elevated temperature the liquid enclosed in the cavities would contract when cooled and formed what looked like air bubbles. If the crystals were heated, the liquid would expand and would again fill the cavities. Some crystals would contain real air-bubbles or crystals of other salts; and all this as natural consequences of the varying conditions under which the crystals had been formed. Sorby then examined the crystals of minerals and found in them, and particularly in quartz in rocks, similar phenomena as those observed in the artificial crystals and therefrom drew his conclusions as to the origin of the minerals. In the sixth chapter he deals with minerals and rocks formed by combined action of heat and water, and he speaks particularly about the formation of granite.
Ledeblokke og Landskabsformer i Danmark
Authors: Milthers Keld
Published: June 2021

Studiet af løse Blokke har været Indledningen til alle senere Undersøgelser over Istidsgeologi, idet selve dette, at der i visse Egne af Verden findes Sten i Markerne, hvilket sædvanligvis ikke er Tilfældet, forekom saa paafaldende, at det affødte mangfoldige Undersøgelser og Diskussioner. Dette saakaldte "erratiske Fænomen" findes i Nordeuropa og i Lavlandet neden for Alperne, ligesom det forøvrigt findes i det nordlige Nordamerika og andre Steder navnlig neden for høje Bjergkæder.Den første, der forklarer det erratiske Fænomen ved, at Gletscherne tidligere skulde have haft større Udbredelse end nu, er den skotske Professor John Playfair, der allerede i 1802 skal have fremsat Tanken, og som efter en Rejse i Schweizisk Jura 1815-16 udtaler: "a glacier which fills up valleys in its course, and which conveys the rocks on its surface free from attrition, is the only agent we now see capable of transporting to such a distance, without destroying that sharpness of the angles so distinctive of these masses".
Nogle Forekomster af Arktisk Strukturmark (Brodelboden) bevarede i danske Istidsaflejringer
Authors: Nørvang Aksel
Published: June 2021

I 1912 forelagde E. Horn ved et Møde i Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft nogle Iagttagelser over en Aflejring i Winterhude i den nordlige Del af Hamburg, hvori der fandtes nogle ejendommelige Lejringsforhold. Ved nogle Udgravninger var der her blottet et Profil visende Tørv og Sømergel, der opadtil var dækket af leret, stenet Sand. Mosen laa i Hovedsagen uforstyrret i det Bassin i Morænelandskabet, hvor Tørven oprindelig var aflejret; kun fandtes der oppe i de øverste to Meter stenet Sand ejendommelige Forstyrrelser, idet Sandet tilsyneladende var presset ned i Tørven i "Reder", adskilte af smalle, nogenlunde lodret staaende Kamme af tørveagtigt Materiale. Forstyrrelserne fandtes kun ude i Midten af Mosen. Langs dens Bredder fandt man imidlertid visse Steder Lag af barnehovedstore Sten, af hvilke mange var vindslebne.
Vejle Fjord Formationen ved Brejning. Sedimenterne og foraminiferfaunaen (oligocæn - miocæn)
Authors: Larsen Gunnar , Dinesen Arne
Published: June 2021

This report deals with the sediments and the microfauna of the Tertiary sequence in the cliff at Brejning on the east coast of Jutland, Denmark. The section includes fossiliferous, marine clays and silts with a makrofauna of molluscs, for which reason these particular deposits were previously referred to the Oligocene. The beds on top of the proved Oligocene layers consist of clays, sands and silts which also in part are marine.The cliff section was surveyed by the authors, and a shallow boring was carried out on the beach below the cliff in order to study the transition at the unconformity between the middle Oligocene fossiliferous beds and the underlying Søvind marl.In part I of the paper the results of the petrological investigations carried out by the first author are found. A description of physical properties of the sediments opens the chapter, and the mineral content of 62 samples collected in the exposure and from the boring is reported. The main results of the latter study are shown in the diagram plate I.It is concluded that Fennoscandia was the source area of the sediments which suggest marine, partly lagoonal environments around Brejning during deposition.The sequence is finally compared with other late-Tertiary deposits in Slesvig, Holstein and Holland.The microfauna, which is treated by the second author in part II, consists of 63 species of foraminifera. It is described in more or less detail, the genera Angulogerina and "Rotalia" having been the subject of a special study.The frequencies of species have been determined in all samples examined, and the biostratigraphic and paleoecologic significance of the microfauna is discussed on the basis of the results. The fossiliferous part of the Tertiary sequence is ultimately subdivided into four faunizones as shown on plate II.
Ostracod Biostratigraphy of the Kimmeridgian in Northern and Western Europe
Authors: Christensen Ole Bruun , Kilenyi Thomas I
Published: June 2021

The chronostratigraphical type profile of the Kimmeridgian of Dorset is subdivided biostratigraphically into five ostracod zones. Six other areas in Northern and Western Europe with Kimmeridgian ostracods are examined. The species are listed, counted, and examined in relation to the zones of the type Kimmeridgian.In the Lower Kimmeridgian the ostracod faunas bear the impression of a relatively uniform composition between the examined areas. In the Upper Kimmeridgian two different faunal regions are developed. In the North Sea Basin in the North Western Danish Embayment and in Dorset relatively uniform faunas occur, separated from other, again rather uniform faunas occuring in the Mid-European Region, from Northwestern Poland and Scania to the Paris Basin.Stratigraphically important are species of the genera Galliaecytheridea, Mandelstamia, and Macrodentina. 19 species are given diagnoses. Two new subgenera and seven new species are established.
The Relative Pollen Productivity and Pollen Representation of North European Trees, and Correction Factors for Tree Pollen Spectra. Determined by Surface Pollen Analyses from Forests
Authors: Andersen Svend Th.
Published: June 2021

The present work deals primarily with a determination of the relative pollen productivity of various trees from North Europe by means of their representation in pollen analyses of surface samples from forests, with the aim to calculate correction factors for pollen diagrams.Surface samples from 2 forests in Denmark were examined. The forest composition was determined by tree crown areas and tree basal areas in small sample plots. The relation of the tree crown areas to the tree basal areas was determined for the various tree species, and the data for crown area composition, basal area composition and tree frequency were compared.The pollen preservation in the various surface samples was examined.Data on wind conditions are mentioned in the chapter about pollen dispersal in the forest, and the various modes of pollen transfer are discussed. The amount of exotic pollen in the samples is used as a calculation basis for the tree pollen frequencies, and the occurrence and composition of the exotic pollen is discussed.The relationship of the forest composition to the tree pollen deposition is discussed. Pollen deposition and pollen productivity is expressed by a regression equation. The relative pollen productivity of the tree species is expressed in relation to a reference species, in the present case Fagus silvatica. Pollen representation and relative pollen representation are determined by a comparison of pollen percentages with percentages for areal frequency.Pollen productivity factors, pollen representation and correction factors were determined for Danish species of Quercus, Betula, Alnus, Carpinus, Ulmus, Fagus, Tilia and Fraxinus by means of the pollen frequencies in the surface samples. Corrected pollen percentages were compared with the tree areal percentages in the sample plots. Data for the pollen frequencies of forest plants other than the trees are presented. The data on trees from Denmark are compared with other data from Northern Europe, and correction factors were calculated for species of Pinus, Picea and Abies.Tree pollen spectra from outside the forest are discussed and the relative pollen representation is calculated. The present calculations of the relative pollen productivity of the trees are compared with previous estimates, and the application of the correction factors to pollen diagrams is discussed.
Oversigt over de af Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse i Finansaaret 1915-16 udførte landøkonomiske Arbejder
Authors: Kommissionen for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse
Published: June 2021

Ved Udgangen af Finansaaret 1915-16 havde Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses landøkonomiske Virksomhed strakt sig over 5 Aar. Fra sin Begyndelse omfattede den navnlig Undersøgelser af Mergellejer, Analysering af indsendte Mergelprøver og Kalktrangsnndersøgelser. Hertil er i de sidste Aar kommet Undersøgelser af vandførende Lag og Undersøgelser af Jordbunds- og Grundforbedringsforhold. Om den landøkonomiske Virksomhed er der hvert Aar udsendt en trykt Beretning. Bevillingen var paa Finansloven for 1915-16 ligesom tidligere 15000 Kr.
Mergelen i Djursland
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

De Undersøgelser af Forekomster af Mergel og Kalk, som der her skal redegøres for, paabegyndtes i Efteraaret 1914 og udførtes i Somrene 1915-17 af Ingeniør H. Albrechtsen og Boremester J.C. Kallestrup. Undersøgelserne blev foretaget efter Henvendelse fra Det danske Hedeselskab paa Anmodning af Djurslands samvirkende Landboforeninger: Grenaa Landboforening, Æbeltoft Landboforening, Kolind Landboforening og Kaløvig-Knebel Landboforening.
Danmarks Geologi i almenfatteligt Omrids. Anden udgave
Authors: Ussing N. V
Published: June 2021

Aarhundreders Plantevækst har efterladt sine Rester i den øverste Del af Jordskorpen. Ved Solskin og Regn, ved Svampes og Ormes Virksomhed ere Planteresterne blevne langsomt omdannede og blandede med Sand og Grus, og i Tidernes Løb er derved den mørke Muldjord bleven til. Men allerede i Muldjordens Underlag - Ler, Sand eller Grus - finde vi Vidnesbyrd om, at Naturforholdene engang maa have været forskellige fra de nuværende. Vel gøre disse Dannelser intet særlig fremmedartet Indtryk; man ser jo lignende løse Masser paa talrige Steder sammenskylles og afsættes af Havet og af Aaerne. Men Leret og Sandet i Bakkerne og under Markerne kunne aabenbart ikke være komne paa deres Plads der under de nu herskende Naturforhold. Og endnu mere slaaende ser man Modsætningen mellem Nutiden og den fjerne fortid, naar man trænger ned gennem de løse og usammenhængende Jordarter og træffer Landets faste Klippebund med dens mangeartede Kalksten og øvrige Bestanddele.
Kalk og Mergel paa Sjælland
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

De kalkholdige Aflejringer paa Sjælland, der kan benyttes i Landbrugets Tjeneste som Jordforbedringsmiddel, er af meget forskellig Beskaffenhed og ligger paa meget forskellig Maade i Jorden. En Del af dem hører til de Jordlag, der forefandtes forud for, at Indlandsisen i Istiden overklædte Landet med sine Morænelag. En anden Del tilhører selve disse Morænelag eller er opstaaet paa Grundlag af dem ved en Udslæmning af rindende Vand. Og endelig er en tredje Del af Aflejringerne opslaaet efter Istiden og er knyttet til nuværende Dale og Sænkninger, hvor Kalklagene er afsat omkring Kildevæld eller i fordums Søer.Paa de følgende Sider skal der kort redegøres for disse forskellige Kalk- og Mergellags Beskaffenhed og Optræden. Derefter følger en amtsvis og sognevis ordnet Fortegnelse over de Kalkbestemmelser i Kalk og Mergel fra Sjælland, der siden 1910 er udført paa Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses Laboratorium. De analyserede Prøver er dels indsamlet ved de af Danmarks geol. Undersøgelse udførte Boringer efter Mergel, dels indsendt direkte paa Landboforeningernes Foranledning.
Tungsandsforekomster i Danmark
Authors: Christensen Werner , Larsen Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Occurrences of heavy minerals along the coasts of Denmark have been investigated for the purpose of clarifying the question of to what extent these deposits contain minerals of economic importance in such quantities as to make extraction worth while.The plan included field studies of the nature and size of the occurrences as well as laboratory analyses of the mineral content in the sand.It has been ascertained that there are about 25 kilometres of beach in all with a high content of well-concentrated heavy mineral sand. The quantity of this sand is estimated at about 100,000 tons. Most of the large deposits were found to be in northern and western Jutland. It was ascertained that the following minerals assumed to be of economic importance were present: magnetite, ilmenite (containing haematite), and zircon. Other minerals, for example garnet, may prove useful as a by-product of extraction.
Dybdeboringen Rønde nr. 1 på Djursland
Authors: Rasmussen Leif Banke , Dinesen Arne , Henriksen Svend E , Bang Inger , Stenestad Erik , Buch Arne , Christensen Ole Bruun , Michelsen Olaf , Jacobsen Fritz Lyngsie
Published: June 2021

A report is given on the geological investigations carried out by geologists from the Pre-Quaternary Department (= Dep. for Subsurface Geology) of the Geological Survey of Denmark on occasion of the oil test well "Rønde No. l". This boring was made by "Dansk Undergrunds Consortium" in the peninsula of Djursland, Denmark, during the period from Oct. 1965 to July 1966.Beds of Pleistocene, Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, and Upper Silurian age were penetrated, when the operations stopped at a depth of 17389' or 5300 m below Kelly Bushing.Nine authors describe in a total of 15 articles the lithology and biostratigraphy of the drilled section. An introductory article presents an outline of the complete geological profile and summarizes the technical and administrative data of the well.
Some geological results from the first five Danish exploration wells in the North Sea. Dansk Nordsø A-1, A-2, B-1, C-1, and D-1
Authors: Rasmussen Leif Banke
Published: June 2021

After an introducing survey of the exploration for hydrocarbons on the Danish continental shelf during the period from 1963 to 1968 a lithological and chronostratigraphical description of the first five exploration wells is given. The results are preliminary and they are based on investigations carried out by the staff of the Department of Subsurface Geology at the Geological Survey of Denmark.Deposits of Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary age are proved to occur in the borings. Stratigraphical investigations of the very thick Tertiary sequence in the central part of the North Sea show, that the main part of the sedimentation took place during the younger Miocene (Upper Miocene).
Geology of the Dan field and the Danish North Sea
Authors: Childs F. B , Reed P.E.C
Published: June 2021

The Dan field was discovered in 1971 by the Dansk Undergrunds Consortium's fifteenth offshore wildcat, which encountered oil and gas in Maestrichtian and Danian chalk at the subsea depth of 5790-6565 feet. Production of some 800 BOPD from each of five wells began in July 1972.The field lies on the eastern flank of the North Sea Tertiary basin and near the axis of the Central Graben, a deep trough filled with a thick sequence of Permian to Cretaceous sediments. Upper Cretaceous-Danian chalk at the top of the sequence provides the reservoir for several further hydrocarbon accumulations in offshore Denmark. Geochemical studies indicate that deeper Upper Jurassic marine shales are the probable source beds for these accumulations.The Dan field is a halokinetically induced domal anticline. The chalk reservoir has an average porosity and permeability of 28% and 0.5 millidarcy, respectively. The solution GOR is 600 cu. ft./bbl and the crude oil is 30° API with low sulphur content (0.29%).
Cerithiumkalken i Stevns Klint
Authors: Nielsen K. Brünnich
Published: June 2021

Skønt der næppe er noget geologisk Profil i Danmark, der ligger saa klart for Dagen som Stevns Klint-Profilet, har det dog varet længe, inden man kom til Forstaaelse af de forskellige Lags Betydning, og først i den aller seneste Tid er man, takket være Statsgeolog Milthers og Docent Ravns Undersøgelser, kommen til Klarhed over de underordnede, men meget ejendommelige Lag, Fiskeleret og Cerithiumkalken, og deres relative Alder er bleven fastslaaet. Men hvis man slaar sig til Ro med, at nu er Forholdene endelig klarede, tager man meget fejl; der er ikke et eneste Lag, som ikke ved nærmere Prøve viser sig at rumme Problemer, som ikke kan løses uden nøjagtige og langvarige, navnlig faunistiske Undersøgelser.
Et Profil gennem en Tørvemose paa Færøerne
Authors: Jessen Knud , Rasmussen R
Published: June 2021

Udover ganske korte Bemærkninger findes der i Litteraturen ingen Oplysninger om færøiske Mosers Bygning og Fossilindhold. Den, der har ofret dette Spørgsmaal mest, er J. Geikie; smlg. ogsaa A. Helland. Geike meddeler om disse Øers talrig Smaamoser, der forekommer overalt i Dalene, og som i stor Udstrækning udnyttes til Fremstilling af Brændsel, at de i Almindelighed har en Dybde paa indtil 8 engl Fod (2,4 m), medens Dybden ogsaa kan være betydeligere i Moser, der er opstaaede ved Tilgroning af tidligere Søer. Sphagnummosser syntes at forekomme sjældnere end i de skotske Moser, hvor de dog ifølge G. Samuelsson ikke spiller nær saa stor en Rolle som i svenske Moser.
Spaltedale i Jylland
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

De ejendommeligt formede Dalfurer og Systemer af Dale, som skal omtales i det følgende, findes mellem Ulstrup og Hammel væsentlig i den sydøstlige Del af Viborg Amt. Udbredelsen er vist ved de tykke, sorte, fuldt optrukne Linjer paa Kortet Fig. 1 (Side 4). I sin mest udprægede Skikkelse optræder Dalformen paa Strækningen fra Amstrup S for Ulstrup, Ø om Hvorslev, mellem Tostrup og Vidstrup til Astrup NV for Ajgt (Tavle 1). Ikke blot er de enkelte Dale her yderst karakteristiske, men tillige optræder de i et saadant Antal og paa en saadan Maade, at der frembringes en særegen, ganske ejendommelig Terrænform. Dalfurerne løber her i Retningen N-S. Paa en Del af Strækningen er der ikke mindre end fem, omtrent parallelt løbende Dale. Mellemrummene mellem dem er 125-250 m; Partiets samlede Brede er ca. 800 m. Dette Omraades Længde er ca. 5 km; den længste Dalfure kan følges omtrent ubrudt 8 km fra Amstrup til Tungelund N for Thorsø.
Terrainformerne paa Skovbjerg Bakkeø
Authors: Madsen Victor
Published: June 2021

E. Dalgas er den, der først har lært os Landskabsformerne i Jyllands Hedeegne nærmere at kende. I det første Hefte af »Geographiske Billeder fra Heden« skildrer han 1867, hvorledes Jyllands østre og vestre Halvdele sønden for Limfjorden er højst forskellige fra hinanden, idet den første er en Samling af malerisk beliggende Bakker og Dale, den sidste derimod en jævn Flade, hvori store og smaa, isolerede Bakkepartier ligger som Øer i et Hav. Disse Bakkepartier gav Dalgas det betegnende Navn Bakkeøer. Det er de Formationer, Brunkulsformationen og Rullestensformationen, som danner Bunden under Sandet paa Hedefladerne, der hæver sig op over disse i Bakkeøerne.
Glacialgeologiske Retningslinjer i Odense Egnen
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

Tilblivelsen af de Iagttagelser og Betragtninger, som nærværende Afhandling redegør for, skyldes, at den Del af Fyn, der omfattes af Kortbladet Vissenbjerg, er taget op til geologisk Kortlægning. Omraadet begrænses til alle Sider af tidligere kortlagte Omraader, af hvilke de mod Vest, Nord og Øst er beskrevne. Alle Vissenbjergbladets Grænser overskæres af vigtige glacialgeologiske Linjer, og det er af Betydning for Forstaaelsen af de geologiske Forhold i den Del af Fyn, som Kortbladet omfatter - Fyns mest uregelmæssige Del - at der saa vidt mulig er Klarhed over, hvilken Orientering og hvilke geologiske Retningslinjer der er at hente fra de tidligere kortlagte Omraader.
Nicolaus Steno (Niels Stensen) and Erasmus Bartholinus. Two 17 th Century Danish Scientists and the Foundation of exact Geology and Crystallography
Authors: Garboe Axel
Published: June 2021

To the crystallographer who works to-day with his theodolitegoniometer or in his x-ray laboratory it is an established fact that minerals and crystallized matter on the whole are built in definite patterns and that they obey definite laws.To the petrographer or mineralogist who in his daily work is dependent on his polarizing microscope, this instrument has become so commonplace a thing that its background and development to the perfection of our days hardly ever strikes his thoughts.The present paper by Dr. A. Garboe considers it its object to remind geologists that the statement of some very different but equally fundamental principles of modern science are due to two Danish scientists, who each published a paper, one in Firenze the other in Copenhagen, in one and the same year - 1669.