bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEROCONVERSION ANALYSIS AFTER HABITUAL HEPATITIS B VACCINATION SCHEME IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
Authors: CUNHA Isabella de Souza , SILVA Tayná Cristina da , MALLUTA Éverson Fernando , SCOLARO Bruno Lorenzo , VELHO Pablo Sebastian , STALL Juliane
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vaccinated for hepatitis B have a low success rate in achieving protective antibody levels. The main factors suggested for this are IBD itself and the use of immunosuppressive drugs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the concentration of anti-HBs antibodies and to verify factors associated with the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in patients with IBD. METHODS: This is a prospective, consecutive, observational, descriptive and analytical, non-randomized, qualitative study that evaluated the levels of anti-HBs antibodies in IBD patients at the Interdisciplinary Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic of the Family and Community Health Unit of UNIVALI - Itajaí, Santa Catarina. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV), of which 29 were female. The average age was 46.2 years. Regarding the type of IBD, twenty-four patients had Crohn’s disease and the duration of inflammatory bowel disease was 74 months. Fifteen patients were on concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. The effective response rate to HBV vaccine was 72.2%, verified by anti-HBs titration ≥10 UI/L. Statistical analysis revealed a negative response to vaccination in patients with Crohn’s disease and immunosuppressive drugs. CONCLUSION: The success rate of HBV immunization in IBD patients is low compared to the general population. Type of disease and use of immunosuppressive drugs appear to influence the vaccine response.
A poesia nos livros didáticos de português de Moçambique e Brasil: um estudo comparativo
Authors: Lopes José de Sousa Miguel
Published: February 2020

Resumo Neste texto será feita uma análise a respeito do modo como se configuram as representações dos professores em relação às poesias presentes nos livros didáticos de português de Moçambique e Brasil, procurando compreender as práticas de escolarização da leitura do texto poético e a sua importância para a formação dos jovens. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo. Foram analisados textos poéticos em quatro livros didáticos de português (dois de Moçambique e dois do Brasil). Entre os vários aspectos, tomaram-se em conta representações sociais que poderiam emergir nos livros didáticos. Para além da pesquisa bibliográfica, foram coletados dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 professores, sendo oito pertencentes a quatro escolas de Moçambique e oito pertencentes a quatro escolas do Brasil. O objetivo era compreender a importância que os professores atribuem à poesia e como realizam o trabalho poético com seus alunos. A despeito do fenômeno da globalização, que estilhaça as fronteiras nacionais, o nacional continua a induzir a formação de narrativas (neste caso, poéticas), com o fim de ser ele o gerador da identidade oficial. Considerando o fato de os livros didáticos se constituírem em um instrumento que dá visibilidade a práticas de letramento e a modos de ler os textos por elas instituídos, espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para que a poesia não seja apenas um elemento importante na formação de professores e alunos, mas que possa também contribuir para a reflexão acerca da formação dos leitores.
La Convención de Singapur de 2018 sobre mediación y la
creación de un título deslocalizado dotado de fuerza ejecutiva: una apuesta
novedosa, y un mal relato
Authors: Esplugues Mota Carlos
Published: February 2020

La crisis que acompaña al arbitraje comercial internacional en la actualidad favorece el recurso a otros mecanismos ADR, como es la mediación. Una institución que facilita a las partes un procedimiento simple, y la posibilidad de alcanzar soluciones aceptables para los implicados. Sin embargo, el análisis de la realidad manifiesta como este apoyo parece acotado al ámbito estrictamente interno y no así al transfronterizo, donde el recurso a la mediación sigue siendo muy escaso. Uno de los motivos que de forma recurrente se menciona como causante de esta situación, es la ausencia de un régimen internacional armonizado, que facilite la eficacia extraterritorial de los acuerdos alcanzados en el marco de una mediación, en línea con lo que ocurre con el Convenio de Nueva York de 1958 respecto del arbitraje.

La aprobación de la Convención de Singapur sobre la Mediación de 2018 supone un cambio notable del actual estado de cosas. El texto, que ha recibido una cálida acogida por parte de algunos sectores, plantea, sin embargo, dudas muy relevantes en cuanto a sus fundamentos. Así como problemas importantes en relación con las soluciones incorporadas y su articulación —en demasiadas ocasiones poco claras y carentes de elaboración— que, previsiblemente, afectarán negativamente a su viabilidad futura.
La política exterior rusa y su relación con occidente. Una visión desde el realismo neoclásico
Authors: Sánchez Ortega Antonio
Published: February 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el análisis de la política exterior de Rusia, especialmente en lo que respecta a sus relaciones con Occidente. El objetivo principal es tratar de comprender los motivos que han provocado una evolución desde posiciones prooccidentales en los años noventa hacia una relación de confrontación. Para realizar este análisis, se usará como elemento interpretativo la corriente realista neoclásica. Se prestará especial atención a la evaluación de las amenazas derivadas de los imperativos sistémicos y a los elementos que condicionan el poder relativo del Estado.
¿POR QUÉ ES NECESARIA LA EDUCACIÓN TEOLÓGICA?
Authors: Moskala Jiří
Published: February 2020

En el mundo cristiano de hoy, la teología tiende a ser despreciada; sorprende esta aversión y parece extenderse incluso dentro de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día. La educación teológica en algunos círculos no es bienvenida ni esencial. Además, la creencia en el inminente regreso de Jesucristo ha generado que algunos rechacen no solo la educación superior general sino también las escuelas de teología. En este artículo, desde el contexto escatológico en el cual vivimos, el autor señala que una verdadera y equilibrada educación ministerial es la condición para adquirir una correcta formación bíblica y teológica. La teología adventista prepara a la gente para buscar, conocer, amar, seguir, vivir y proclamar la verdad a fin de estar listos para la segunda venida de Cristo.
Bench top CUT&Tag v3
Authors: S Kaya-Okur Hatice , Henikoff Steven
Published: February 2020

Here we describe a bench top protocol for Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag), an enzyme-tethering strategy that provides efficient high-resolution sequencing libraries for profiling diverse chromatin components. In CUT&Tag, a chromatin protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody, which then tethers a proteinA-Tn5 transposase fusion protein. Activation of the transposase efficiently generates fragment libraries with high resolution and exceptionally low background. All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in one day. We have demonstrated the utility of CUT&Tag by profiling histone modifications, RNA Polymerase II and transcription factors on low cell numbers and single cells. Version 3 includes an optional light formaldehyde treatment of cells or nuclei prior to antibody addition. Light fixation reduces the tendency of cells or nuclei to clump, which can also be reduced for fixed and unfixed nuclei by omitting digitonin from all steps.
Yorùbá Primary School Songs: Issues and Lessons for the Younger Generation
Authors: Agnes Aladesanmi Omobola
Published: February 2020

Song is a worldwide phenomenon. It is a short metrical composition intended or adapted for singing, especially in rhymed stanzas. It can be a lyric or ballad. The usage of songs cannot be over emphasized among the people of Yoruba society. There are various ways in which the Yoruba make use of various songs and their society; such songs include festival songs, folktale, political songs, songs of mother of twins, satirical songs among others. In this paper, primary school Yoruba songs will be looked into. It is noted that there are songs that can be categorized as school children songs. These songs are sung during school hours like assembly time, break time, closing hour, and playtime among others. These songs are composed in a way to teach the school children morals, encourage them in their academics and to pass instructional lessons across to them. These songs have gone a long way in building the characters of the pupils.
Nima Yushij's Phoenix: From Romanticism to the First Modern Persian Poetry
Authors: Oroskhan Muhammad Hussein , Mahmoudi Elham
Published: February 2020

The beginning of twentieth century is marked by the Constitutional Revolution in Iran. Alongside the revolution, sweeping changes were brought about in every aspects of Iranian society. Undeniably, these extensive changes affected the literature of time. With respect to Persian poetry, Nima Yushij stamped a new pattern on Persian poetry and released it from its long-standing tradition. The plausible reason explaining Yushij's innovation has remained an enigma for literary scholars. Nonetheless, Yushij's attachment to Romanticism can be analyzed to clarify the ambiguous realm behind Yushij's big step for the modernization of Persian poetry. As such, Morse Peckham's theory of Romanticism which is subdivided into four consecutive stages is recruited to encapsulate Yushij's progress in Romanticism. Studying Yushij with respect to these stages proves that Yushij's Phoenix previously dismissed as a romantic poem is indeed Yushij's culmination of Romanticism. Eventually, this is concluded that Yushij reaching the pinnacle of Romanticism in Phoenix has been a decisive factor in creating a new path for Persian poetry.
The Effect of Recovery Technique Physical Training Combination in Improving Vo2max of Volleyball Athlete
Authors: Helaprahara Dian , Arisetiawan Rachlai Eko , Mas’odi Mas’odi
Published: February 2020

Volleyball uses a lot of anaerobic energy which can produce a lot of lactic acid that causes fatigue. Recovery is an important factor in increasing an athlete performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modification of recovery techniques by combining active and passive recovery techniques combined with massage. This research was an experimental study using a pure experimental design - Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence on changes in VO2max after the presence of massage treatment in the active and passive recovery groups. Massage can be an additional recovery technique during practice or competition.
The Impact of Low Impact Aerobic Gymnastics on Body Mass Index and Thigh Circumference
Authors: Fepriyanto Andi , Helaprahara Dian , Rasyid Ainur
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the study was to examine the low impact aerobic gymnastics on body mass index and thigh circumference in women. The subjects of the study were 20 female members of Dharmawanita receiving low impact aerobic for 6 weeks. This study used an experimental method. Pre-test data were taken before the treatment and post-test data were taken after treatments. The data were then analyzed. The result showed the t-value was 6,26 for body mass index and 2.57 for thigh circumference, while t-table is 1.729 (p 0.05). It concludes that taking the low impact aerobic gymnastics can significantly reduce the body mass index and thigh circumference in women gradually.
FENESTRATION OF THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY PRESENTED BY CT ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE NECK'S BLOOD VESSELLS: CASE STUDY
Authors: Bulja Deniz , Havić Jasmin , Vegar-Zubović Sandra , Jusufbegovic Merim , Šehić Adnan , Julardžija Fuad
Published: February 2020

Vertebral artery fenestration is a rare vascular anomaly. It most commonly occurs in extracranial segments of the vertebral artery. This congenital anomaly can occur during the various stages of embryonic development of the vertebral artery. This usually does not have clinical significance, but the possibility of associated anomalies such as saccular aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations should be noted. Awareness of vascular anomalies is key to avoiding iatrogenic injury during endovascular diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here, we present incidental findings of vertebral artery fenestration in a 46-year-old woman evidenced by CT angiography of the neck's blood vessells after I .V. contrast medium applications.
Reconsidering Journalist Safety Training
Authors: Høiby Marte , Garrido V. Mariateresa
Published: February 2020

Safety training courses and manuals are designed to provide journalists with guidance to assess and mitigate risk. In this article, we ask whether content of such training and guidance is informed by actual threats and risks relevant to journalists working in the field. Departing from our own previous research about threats and dangers faced by journalists working in conflict zones or covering dangerous beats, and a review of the literature addressing the issue of safety manuals for journalists, we evaluate the content of five safety-training documents. Of these, two are descriptions of internationally-focused safety courses, two are safety manuals produced for a national audience, and one is a handbook focusing specifically on safety for women reporters in the Arab region. The purpose is to identify various aspects of safety addressed in training and manuals offered to locally and internationally-deployed journalists—and illuminate how they may differ in focus and approach. Through a comparison of the content of the selected manuals and course descriptions, we conclude that these trainings and manuals to some extent address specific variations in context, but that detailed attention towards gender differences in risk and other personal characteristics are not given equivalent weight. The international training focuses excessively on physical environment issues (such as those of a ‘hostile environment’), while the manuals with national or regional focus are practice-oriented and largely take a journalistic point of departure. We argue that training and manuals can benefit from considering both these aspects for risk assessment, but recommend that addressing journalistic practice and personal resources is fundamental to all journalist safety training since it is at the personal, practical, and media organisational levels that the mitigation encouraged by these trainings can happen.
Strengthening the Monitoring of Violations against Journalists through an Events-Based Methodology
Authors: Harrison Jackie , Maynard Diana , Torsner Sara
Published: February 2020

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 16.10.1 proposes an important monitoring agenda for the global recording of a range of violations against journalists as a means to prevent attacks on the communicative functions of journalism. However, the need for extensive collection of data on violations against journalists raises a number of methodological challenges. Our research shows the following issues must be addressed: the lack of conceptual consistency; the lack of methodological transparency; the need for sophisticated data categorisation and disaggregation to enable data to be merged from different sources; the need to establish links to understand causal and temporal relations between people and events; and the need to explore and utilize previously untapped data sources. If we are to strengthen the monitoring of SDG 16.10.1, we propose to develop a robust and reliable events-based methodology and a set of tools which can facilitate the monitoring of the full range of proposed 16.10.1 categories of violations, reconcile data from multiple sources in order to adhere to the established 16.10.1 category definitions, and to further disaggregate the proposed 16.10.1 categories to provide more in-depth information on each instance of a violations. This, we argue, will ultimately contribute towards better understanding of the contextual circumstances and processes producing aggressions against journalists.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF ACTIVITY OF IT-PROFESSIONAL SINCONDITIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSITION TO REMOTE WORK
Authors: Maksymenko N.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the actual problem of psychological support of the transition of office workers to remote work. The purpose of the article is the definition of psychological and socio-demographic determinants of the activities of managers in the context of junior personnel transfer to virtual / home office. This problem is considered on the example of IT-professionals (n = 182) from four countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It is proved that the basic dispositional features that contribute to the realization of the activity potential are conscientiousness and openness to experience. Among the value orientations such predictors are the orientations towards competent and tolerant leadership. Another important thing is the value orientations of altruism and independence. The author makes conclusion that duing formation of uncertainty in their actions, individual personal traits play a great role, especially such traits as: ease of occurrence of negative emotions, individualism, preference for independence, disorganization, spontaneity, low level of purposeful behavior. Therefore, an orientation towards social support makes it difficult to implement an orientation towards quality in an activity and reinforces the lack of self-confidence feelings. It was revealed that under conditions of restructuration dispositional factors begin to play a major role, and the degree of value regulation decreases. In addition, the author suggests that a low level of integrity promotes creativity. This can be explained by the fact that an individual, who has such low level, remains open for longer to various possibilities of thought and action. The results of the analysis of the research data indicate that value orientations act as a kind of basis. They head the realization of the personal characteristics of a specialist in professional activity and they are important qualities in everyday life. In the article it is determined that the desire for success decreases in the specialists who get older, and the value orientations for support and leadership contribute to this aspiration. The author has shown that openness of experience, combined with tolerant leadership, is a prerequisite for determination in promoting organizational change.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Knysh N.
Published: February 2020

Consumer behavior might be considered as a kind of economic or social behavior, but, in any case, it bases on the psychological traits of the person and depend on his motivation. The last is a trigger in the decision-making process of particular product`s purchasing. That is why one of the main approaches in describing consumer behavior is psychoanalytic theory. In contrast to the rational theory of knowledge, psychoanalysis leaves room for the irrational decisions and momentary impulses that "It" provokes. Just remind sacral consumption — the belief that not only goods are acquired, but also a certain lifestyle, hopes for improving one’s own life and etc. In general, consumption is influenced by a number of factors, among which F. Kotler mentions: cultural factors, social, personal and psychological factors. The article describes the factors of internal and external influence on the behavior of consumers, the possibilities of their influence to direct the psychological factors of behavior in marketing activities and the main psychological aspects of consumer behavior and factors that determine the choice of a particular type of consumer behavior. The main groups of factors that influence the formation and implementation of consumer behavior are analyzed, special attention is paid to socio-psychological factors: social class (eight groups: the top of society, conservatives; dominant traditionalists; traditionally working class; dominant "new"; trendsetters; avant-garde; social "dependers"; poors), reference group, communication, social norms and values, personal lifestyle. There are examples of successful and unsuccessful marketing decisions of companies that, accordingly, account or ignored the needs of their consumers in the article. By the way, for Ukrainians, the main criteria for choosing a product are: price, brand and packaging, since the psyche of the consumer is not always aimed specifically at the product and, if products are more or less uniformity, the consumer will choose one, focusing not only on the specific differences of the goods, but also on their appearance.
PERSONAL POTENTIAL AS A BASIS OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS' PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Moskalova Alla , Vasiliga Olga
Published: February 2020

The article provides a theoretical analysis of various approaches to studying the concept of "personal potential" of an individual as a psychological phenomenon. The paper analyzes the current state of research of different approaches to the study of the personal potential of the individual, in particular the psychological characteristics of medical professionals, and investigates the psychological features of the personal capacity of medical professionals and their impact on professional activity. The personal potential of the individual is analyzed through the prism of concepts of self-realization, integral system of individual psychological features, system of internal restorative resources and dynamic psychological system. An analysis of the work of Ukrainian psychologists on the problem of researching the personal potential of medical professionals is given. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the concept of personal potential of medical workers is operationalized through the notion of vital, personal meaning of professional activity. It clarifies the specificity of healthcare workers' professional activity in the context of healthcare reform and determines the importance of personal potential in it. The article also focuses on psychological characteristics of healthcare workers' personal potential and their impact on the professional activity. The article identifies the spheres of realization of medical workers in their professional activity through the purpose of activity, the pursuit of self-improvement, as well as through professional, psychological, unlocking their potential. The study determined the degree of motivational self-regulation, styles of self-regulation and self-esteem of mental states of health workers. The psychological peculiarities of the personality potential of the personality affecting the professional activity of medical workers are revealed. The main obstacles to the disclosure of the personal potential of health care workers have been identified. Based on the analysis, recommendations were made regarding the prospects of further research into the personal potential of healthcare professionals.
MEM AS A TOOL OF INFORMATION WAR
Authors: Smola Lidia
Published: February 2020

It is devoted to the problem of analyzing memes as a tool of information warfare. The article analyzes the history and origin of the study of memes as a phenomenon of information interaction and social technology. Memes can be interpreted as: image, idea, symbol, action, any cultural information copied by one person from another; the collective unconscious at the moment of acquiring verbal and visual form; specially created information message, which is distributed in the information space and is intended to form the necessary picture of the human world and make appropriate decisions. The meme influences the perception of reality and drives action. Different types, types of memes and their characteristics are considered. There is a diversity of spread of this phenomenon: global Internet memes, understandable to a wide range of people, and local memes that require specific awareness (gaming, hacking, scientific, professional). Emphasis is placed on the use of memes in contemporary armed conflicts. The information war, combined with the peculiarities of the modern information society, led to the use of new technologies to influence the mass consciousness, in particular, memetic weapons. The article analyzes memetic weapons as a technology of using memes for the distribution of beneficial information in the information space of the object of information confrontation. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the perceptions of memes by ATO participants and volunteers. The urgency of the problem is determined by the need to analyze the impact of ideas reflected in Internet memes on the mass consciousness during the Russo-Ukrainian war. Within the framework of the Polish-Ukrainian project "Crisis Intervention – Support for NGOs in Ukraine Working with ATO Soldiers and Their Families", 20 flexible interviews were conducted. The focus of the study may be to analyze the perception and functioning of political Internet memes on social media. Empirical studies of the influence of Internet memes on the structural components of the psyche of Internet users are also promising. The war in eastern Ukraine reaffirmed the paradigm shift of modern warfare, demonstrated the thoroughness of a thorough study of the phenomenon and the need to develop entirely new approaches to the realization of political and military goals.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF THE ACTIVITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION
Authors: Tulin Kyrylo
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes democratic decentralization, which provides for the formation of local self-government councils of the appropriate level, which represent the interests of the inhabitants of a certain territory, and there are no subordination relations between the councils of different levels. It is analyzed that the first step of modern reforms in Ukraine was administrative-territorial reform and, accordingly, creation of united territorial communities. It is analyzed that among the main obstacles to the implementation of effective decentralization reform are low activity of citizens, their unwillingness to take responsibility and make decisions. It is the low activity of the communities that makes it possible to manage the decentralization process from above, by the regional leadership. The article is a study of socio-psychological factors of the activity of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization. A number of problems were found which stimulated the increase of activity of territorial communities. The dynamics of increase in the number of OTs in 2015–2018 in all regions of Ukraine is analyzed. It is considered that financial decentralization has also become one of the main factors in increasing population activity. It is noted that a considerable part of the population of territorial communities are ready to participate in public events. Analyzed that the key advantage of the new status of communities in the context of decentralization is the significant increase in the financial resources they can dispose of. It is determined that the union of territorial communities in terms of administrative-territorial reform and decentralization of power has opened wide opportunities for the development of institutes of self- organization of the population and local self-government, change of the model of organized "from above" society, which is a mechanism of restraining the creative potential of the nation and blocking the self-realization of human life, to an organized "bottom" that eliminates the contradiction between the citizen and the state.
MODERN TENDENCIES OF STUDYING SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF PERSONALITY IN ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH
Authors: Khaleeva Аnna
Published: February 2020

The article defines terms on mental health and emotional well-being of adolescents and adolescents, and outlines major trends in mental health and emotional well-being of young people over the past decades. The aim of the article is to highlight and establish the importance of emotional and

subjective well-being in adolescence and youth, to identify their further influence on the formation of the personality and its full life. Adolescence is seen as a critical period of development with long-term effects on the health and well-being of the individual. It is stated that the central factor in the health and well-being of adolescents is the interaction of young people with their environment, with people and attitudes in their daily lives. The most important determinants of adolescents' health are in their environment, as well as the choices and opportunities for improving the health or adverse behaviors of today's society. Factors that influence on the subjective and emotional well-being (sleep deprivation, increased stress, social relationships, the impact of violence) have been taken into account. The components and characteristics that support emotional and subjective well-being are identified, such as: self-esteem, motivation, stability, self-efficacy, hope and optimism, while high levels of anxiety, depression and stress can interfere with emotional health and well-being. In determining the factors that affect the emotional and subjective well-being of adolescents and youths, it is important to take into account the multidimensional nature of well-being and what sources and factors form it. The main sources affecting the sense of self and overall well-being of a person in adolescence and youth are family, community, peers, school environment and teachers.

The modern world and the environment of human development are constantly changing, which has a significant impact on the well-being of the individual and its further development. Such changes are important elements for the continued successful interaction of adolescents and young people and their integration in society.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Authors: Piebalga Evija , Zvaigzne Anda
Published: February 2020

Various world-class research investigations increasingly focus on matters pertaining to the role of local communities. The research aimed to examine the theoretical aspects of the concept of community in the context of social sciences. The research results revealed that community studies was a relatively new field for academics in Latvia, which became relevant after common European Union priorities in community issues were defined. An essential feature of a community is common identity, a common sense of belonging to the locality, human relationships, the environment, culture and values. Most frequently, according to a survey of local residents, a community the respondents felt a sense of belongingness to was a territorial one. The research employed the following methods: monographic, descriptive, graphic, analysis, synthesis as well as a sociological method – questionnaire surveying.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN BUSINESS
Authors: Kjakšta Juna , Gailis Kristaps
Published: February 2020

The search for a balance of interests of right holders and users, legal means for the exclusive rights enforcement in the conditions of the development of new technologies, the problems of protection of intellectual property are considered in the paper. At the present time intellectual property is considered to be one of the most valuable assets of a business. Possessors of rights can secure their loans using their intellectual property as collateral. The authors claim that the Latvian legal and regulatory framework does not cover essential issues. The aim of the research is to explore and identify the importance of intellectual property rights in business. The following tasks were set to achieve the aim: to explore the theoretical aspects of intellectual property rights, to identify possibilities for intellectual property development in business. The following scientific research methods are used in the paper: the development of intellectual property rights in commercial law is investigated with the help of the descriptive method; the systemic method is used to analyse national legal norms in conjunction with international documents and recommendations; the comparative method has been used to study models of intellectual property rights.
THE NECESSITY OF AN EFFECTIVE STUDY APPROACH IN DOCTORAL EDUCATION
Authors: Arbidane Iluta , Khachatryan Nonna , Znotina Daina
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyse various research studies in regard to teaching strategy in PhD programmes within the Bologna education area and to give recommendations aimed at the development of educational process structuring in the third level of higher education. Novelty of the research – an analysis on the effective implementation of doctoral studies was conducted, emphasizing the implementation of them in Latvia and Armenia. Research methods – analysis of documents, logical construction and the graphical method. The paper discusses the effective approaches of PhD programmes to teaching strategies that are focused on formation of outcomes, such as interpersonal and leadership skills, project management and organization, research and information management, self-management and career development. Nowadays, it is highly important to remodel the educational strategy, targeted at the PhD student’s transferable skills acquisition, through avoiding unnecessary theoretical educational modules and academic training pressure.
TAX POLICY EFFICIENCY ISSES IN THE MINING SECTOR (Theoretical Approach)
Authors: Tshughuryan Armen , Muradyan Sveta
Published: February 2020

A tight tax policy that is likewise fitting for the financial circumstance is a significant essential for accomplishing reasonable financial development. The examination point – to suggest theoretical ways for improving methodology for  assessment efficiency of tax policy in mining sector. In theory mainly the effectiveness of tax policy is viewed from the point of view of tax collection. The article attempts to present a new theoretical approach  for assessing the effectiveness of tax policy, taking into account the expectations of not only the government, but also other stakeholders in the mining industry (investors, community residents, businessmen, employees), which are having different expectations, concerning collected taxes and expending public resources. In this regard, a new theoretical   methodology to assessing the effectiveness of tax policy is proposed, based on the feedback information available among the mining stakeholders.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR TRAINING OF THE UNEMPLOYED
Authors: Salmane Antra , Puzule Anita
Published: February 2020

Along with the rapid development of technologies, demand on the labor market changes, still the skills and knowledge of jobseekers do not match the market needs. The State Employment Agency (hereinafter – SEA) implements training measures for the unemployed. Nevertheless, there is a problem that the unemployed involved in training do not always want to enter the labour market, or their knowledge acquired during the training is not useful. The aim of the study is to assess the economic efficiency of the financial resources allocated for training of the unemployed persons in the context of Latvia and its regions. Research methods: monographic method, graphical method, expert survey method, correlation and regression analysis. The authors explore the use of the financial resources allocated for training and analyse its economic efficiency in Latvia and Latvia's regions. It is found that the difference in unemployment rates in the statistical regions of Latvia has significantly increased during the study period. In order to facilitate the reintegration of individuals into the labour market, more funding is provided for training in the regions with higher unemployment rates. The economic efficiency of the use of financial resources varies from region to region, both in terms of the cost of training per unemployed person involved and the number of the trainees employed after the training, and of the funding for training used in the region.
Evaluation of antidepressant effect of angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in albino mice
Authors: Brattiya Keerthana , Sivaraman Malar
Published: February 2020

Background: Depression and hypertension are common morbidities which are seen in elderly and also one leads to the other. Present antidepressant drugs are known for its side effects and there is a necessary for newer drugs with lesser adverse effects. Telmisartan being a widely used antihypertensive drug and with multiple additional properties like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity along with blunting of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be a potential drug for depression. Hence this study is aimed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of angiotensin receptor blocker telmisartan in animal models.Methods: As per protocol submitted to ethics committee, 24 male albino mice weighing between 20-30grams of either sex were selected and divided into 4 groups consisting of 6 each. They were housed in cages with food and water ad libitum. Animals were kept in ambient temperature and humidity, with a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle.  Group 1 and group 2 were administered distilled water and fluoxetine 10 mg/kg respectively only on day 15, whereas group 3 and group 4 received telmisartan per orally 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg respectively for 15 days once daily. All animals were tested on day 15 using tail suspension test for antidepressant effect.Results: There was significant reduction in the immobility time in telmisartan group when compared to the control group and this time was comparable with the immobility time of standard drug fluoxetine. Decrease in immobility time was found to statistically significant by using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test.Conclusions: As evident from our study, telmisartan can be a newer target for antidepressant effect.
A study of effectiveness and safety of topical combination therapy for acne vulgaris patients in dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Patel Ravi R. , Karelia Bharti N.
Published: February 2020

Background: Acne vulgaris is a dermatological disorder characterised by formation of comedones and inflammatory lesions. Acne is one of the most common reason for visiting a dermatologist in early adulthood. The current line of management for mild to moderate acne is topical medications with antimicrobials and retinoids. The present study assessed the effectiveness and safety of topical combination therapy for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Methods: An observational, prospective and comparative study conducted on newly diagnosed acne vulgaris patients who were treated with topical combination therapy. Changes in the total, inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts, investigator global assessment (IGA) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scales were recorded to check effectiveness. Treatment emergent adverse events were recorded in suspected ADR reporting form for safety assessment.Results: Participants (n=97) were treated with three topical combination treatments either clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide (group-A), clindamycin-adapalene (group-B) or benzoyl peroxide-adapalene (group C). Majority of participants (42.3%) were treated with clindamycin-benzoyl peroxide group. Reduction from baseline of total, inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts were highly significant within group comparison (p<0.001), but between group differences were not significant. Significant improvement in DLQI and IGA scores were noted in all three groups, but between group comparison showed no significant differences. All three groups were safe and well tolerated and equally improve participant’s quality of life.Conclusions: all three topical combination drugs for mild acne vulgaris had similar effectiveness in terms of reduction in acne lesions with similar safety profile.
Potential drug-drug interactions among elderly in-patients with cardiac illness at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Mathur Akanksha , Jain Nidhi , Sharma Achal , Shah Prashant C.
Published: February 2020

Background: Drug interactions are major cause of concern in hospitalized patients with cardiac illness especially in elderly population. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the prevalence and pattern of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) and risk factors, if any.Methods: It was a prospective observational study involving 75 elderly in-patients with cardiac diseases. IHEC approval was taken before commencement of study and written informed consent was taken from all the study participants. Data was collected using structured data collection tool. pDDI were analyzed using MEDSCAPE databse. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 in terms of descriptive statistics. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the association between the risk factors and potential DDIs. P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of pDDI was found to be 100%. Total 593 pDDI and 33 interacting drug pairs were observed in the study. The common drug interacting pairs were aspirin and furosemide 140 (23.61%), followed by aspirin+ enalapril 98 (16.53%) and heparin and clopidogrel 56 (9.44%). Majority of pDDI 480 (81%) were found to be of moderate severity. A significant association was documented between length of hospital stay (p=0.041) and occurrence of pDDI. A statistically significant correlation (r =0.621; p<0.01) was noted between number of drugs prescribed and total number of pDDIs.Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDI was observed. The prevalence rate is directly related to number of drugs prescribed and length of hospital stay. Therefore, close monitoring of hospitalized patients is recommended.
Evaluation of the analgesic activity of single and multiple oral doses of teneligliptin (20 mg/day), using hot air analgesiometer in healthy human volunteers: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study
Authors: Butul Maleha , Pingali Usharani , Nutalapati Chandrasekhar
Published: February 2020

Background DPP-4inhibitors showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in human and animal-studies. DPP-4 inhibitors improved nerve function and thermal nociception in animal models. Aim of the study was to explore analgesic activity of single and multiple doses of teneligliptin 20 mg/day using hot air analgesiometer in healthy human volunteers.Methods: After IEC approval and informed consent, subjects were randomized to receive either teneligliptin 20 mg or placebo in double-blinded manner with standard breakfast. Mean pain threshold and tolerance(sec) using hot air analgesiometer were recorded at baseline and 1 hr, 2 hrs post drug on day1, for single dose study. Subsequently drugs were administered under supervision daily for 6 days and same procedure repeated on day8 for multiple-dose study. After 2 weeks washout, subjects crossed over in period 2 to other formulation and same procedure repeated to determine study parameters. Fasting blood-sugar (FBS) monitored, ADRs recorded in CRF. Statistical analysis done with SPSS20.0.Results: Twelve-healthy subjects (8 males, 4 females) with mean age 33.08±4.69 years, mean BMI 22.6±1.37kg/m2 participated. Single dose teneligliptin produced significant increase in pain threshold (35.9%) and pain tolerance (25.1%) (p<0.0001) at 1hour compared to baseline. With multiple doses, pain threshold increased by 37.1% and pain tolerance by 25.4% (p<0.0001) at 1hour compared to baseline. The increase in pain threshold and tolerance values at 1 and 2 hours were similar. There was no significant change in pain threshold(p=0.4135) and tolerance (p=0.4476) at baseline on day1 and day 8. Placebo showed non-significant change in study parameters. Both treatments well tolerated. FBS of volunteers within normal limits during treatment period and no hypoglycemia reported.Conclusions: Results of our study suggest that teneligliptin20mg in healthy subjects demonstrated significant analgesic activity on day 1 and day 8 compared to baseline & placebo. Its role in painful diabetic conditions can be further explored.
Thoracic epidural for modified radical mastectomy in an asthmatic patient
Authors: Rangrez Aarif A. A. R. , Agrawal Chetan Gopal , Gangurde Dattatraya
Published: February 2020

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia is one of the safe and good alternative to general anaesthesia in high risk patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma where general anaesthesia is contraindicated. A 55 years old female patient was scheduled for modified radical mastectomy on account of advanced carcinoma of right breast. The patient was known case of bronchial asthma since 5 years with frequent attacks per week for which she was taking nebulisation with salbutamol and budesonide two times per day. In the pre-operative evaluation, her vitals were within normal limit but on auscultation air entry was reduced all over the chest with bilateral crepts and rhochi present. We did this patient in plaine thoracic epidural anaesthesia without haemodynamic instability. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia and analgesia for mastectomy is feasible, and it offers additional benefits in high-risk patients.
Voxelotor: novel drug for sickle cell disease
Authors: Singh Jasjit , Maggo Sachin , Sadananden Uthara K.
Published: February 2020

Sickle cell disease (SCD), is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the β‐chain of haemoglobin (Hb) that leads to production of sickle haemoglobin (HbS). The disease has a profound negative impact on health-related quality of life with increased propensity for complications. Current treatment options include drugs like hydroxyurea and L-glutamine that are currently on the market. However, none of these therapies target the underlying mechanism and have potential safety concerns. As oxygenated Hb is a potent inhibitor of HbS polymerization, increasing the proportion of oxygenated HbS may provide a disease‐modifying approach to SCD. Voxelotor is a novel therapy developed for the treatment of SCD by modulating the Hb affinity for oxygen. By forming a reversible covalent bond with the N‐terminal valine of the α‐chain of Hb, the drug results in an allosteric modification of Hb and thereby leading to an increase in oxygen affinity. Moreover, voxelotor prevents sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) and possibly interrupts the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. The drug is available in oral formulation with a recommended dosage of 1500 mg once daily. The onset of voxelotor is fast, shows rapid absorption and linear pharmacokinetics. Most common adverse reactions seen are headache, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Clinical trials for voxelotor have been positive, and results suggest that the drug may be a new safe and effective option for SCD treatment. With global blood therapeutics having already received US FDA approval in November 2019, voxelotor may soon be an addition to the mounting armoury of drugs against SCD.