bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of sex‐linked SNP markers in wild populations of monomorphic birds
Authors: Garcia‐Raventós Aina , Muñoz‐Mérida Antonio , Lapiedra Oriol , Unzeta Mar , Ferrandiz‐Rovira Mariona , Sol Daniel
Published: September 2023

Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis is a powerful tool for population genetics, pedigree reconstruction and phenotypic trait mapping. However, the untapped potential of SNP markers to discriminate the sex of individuals in species with reduced sexual dimorphism or of individuals during immature stages remains a largely unexplored avenue. Here, we developed a novel protocol for molecular sexing of birds based on the detection of unique Z‐ and W‐linked SNP markers. Our method is based on the identification of two unique loci, one in each sexual chromosome. Individuals are considered males when they show no calls for the W‐linked SNP and are heterozygous or homozygous for the Z‐linked SNP, while females exhibit both Z‐ and W‐linked SNP calls. We validated the method in the Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). The reduced sexual dimorphism in this species makes it difficult to identify the sex of individuals in the wild. We assessed the reliability of the method using 36 individuals of known sex and found that their sex was correctly assigned in 100% of cases. The sex‐linked markers also proved to be widely applicable for discriminating males and females from a sample of 927 genotyped individuals at different maturity stages, with an accuracy of 99.5%. Since SNP markers are increasingly used in quantitative genetic analyses of wild populations, the approach we propose has great potential to be integrated into broader genetic research programmes without the need for additional sexing techniques.
Studying the microbiome of suppressive soils against vascular wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana)
Authors: Bautista Daniel , García Diana , Dávila Lorena , Caro‐Quintero Alejandro , Cotes Alba Marina , González Adriana , Zuluaga A. Paola
Published: September 2023

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is Colombia's second most exported fruit, with a market worth 37.8 million USD in 2021. Fusarium oxysporum f sp. physalis (Foph) is arguably the most devastating pathogen causing losses of up to 80%. Managing this disease is challenging due to pathogen resistance or the reduced efficacy of commercial fungicides and the production of resistant structures allowing pathogen survival in the soil for up to 30 years. Thus, new methods of control are necessary. Two cape gooseberry farms (organic vs. conventional) were detected free from Foph in Nariño. We hypothesize that the soil microbiome might have a suppressive effect against vascular wilt, caused by Foph. To test this, farm soils were propagated by adding 10% farm soil and 90% peat soil. Then, peat soil (control) and propagated soils were inoculated with Foph. A decrease of 65%–68% in disease incidence and a 70% in disease severity reduction was observed in seedlings grown in propagated soils compared to peat soil. We then used next‐generation sequencing to study the soil microbiome to understand the possible mechanisms for disease suppression of propagated soils. We conclude that despite the high diversity of soil microbiomes, the relative abundance of some taxa might be a more important indicator of disease suppression than the presence of specific taxa.
Are accounting standards understandable?
Authors: Howieson Bryan , Loftus Janice , Schührer Sabine
Published: September 2023

There is concern that accounting standards are difficult to understand by those who use them. We investigate factors that enhance and inhibit the ability of the standards' users to comprehend their meaning and requirements. Readability statistics reveal that Australian accounting standards are difficult or very difficult to read. Interviews with experienced financial statement preparers and auditors from the for‐profit, not‐for‐profit private, and public sectors reveal that ‘understandability’ is a function of many inter‐related factors, only some of which relate to how standards are written and presented. We offer recommendations to standards‐setters about how the understandability of standards could be improved.
Birth spacing and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Ni Wanze , Gao Xuping , Su Xin , Cai Jun , Zhang Shiwen , Zheng Lu , Liu Jiazi , Feng Yonghui , Chen Shiyun , Ma Junrong , Cao Wenting , Zeng Fangfang
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The association between extreme birth spacing and adverse outcomes is controversial, and available evidence is fragmented into different classifications of birth spacing.

Material and methods

We conducted a systematic review of observational studies to evaluate the association between birth spacing (i.e., interpregnancy interval and interoutcome interval) and adverse outcomes (i.e., pregnancy complications, adverse birth outcomes). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random‐effects model, and the dose–response relationships were evaluated using generalized least squares trend estimation.

Results

A total of 129 studies involving 46 874 843 pregnancies were included. In the general population, compared with an interpregnancy interval of 18–23 months, extreme intervals (<6 months and ≥ 60 months) were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birthweight, fetal death, birth defects, early neonatal death, and premature rupture of fetal membranes (pooled OR range: 1.08–1.56; p < 0.05). The dose–response analyses further confirmed these J‐shaped relationships (pnon‐linear < 0.001–0.009). Long interpregnancy interval was only associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes (pnon‐linear < 0.005 and pnon‐linear < 0.001, respectively). Similar associations were observed between interoutcome interval and risk of low birthweight and preterm birth (pnon‐linear < 0.001). Moreover, interoutcome interval of ≥60 months was associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery (pooled OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.83). For pregnancies following preterm births, an interpregnancy interval of 9 months was not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, according to dose–response analyses (pnon‐linear = 0.008). Based on limited evidence, we did not observe significant associations between interpregnancy interval or interoutcome interval after pregnancy losses and risk of small for gestational age, fetal death, miscarriage, or preeclampsia (pooled OR range: 0.76–1.21; p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Extreme birth spacing has extensive adverse effects on maternal and infant health. In the general population, interpregnancy interval of 18–23 months may be associated with potential benefits for both mothers and infants. For women with previous preterm birth, the optimal birth spacing may be 9 months.
Amsterdam complex pelvic pain symptom scale with subscales: Based on a Norwegian translation, psychometric assessment and modification of the Amsterdam hyperactive pelvic floor scale
Authors: Saga Susan , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Dons Vilde , Bratlie Ingvild , Spetalen Siri , Hagemann Cecilie Therese
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Women with an abnormally high pelvic floor muscle tone may have a clinical presentation that is complex, involving urinary, anorectal and/or sexual dysfunction, genital/pelvic pain and psychological distress. The Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale (AHPFS) is a Dutch 30‐item condition‐specific self‐report questionnaire developed to measure these complex pelvic pain symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate the Dutch version into Norwegian, to assess the psychometric properties, and to present a valid factor structure.

Material and methods

Translation, back‐translation and a review of the back‐translated version were performed. Thereafter, a pilot test including feedback from six clinical experts and cognitive interviews with 11 patients from the target group was conducted. Next, a field test was performed among women who were (1) patients at the gynecological outpatient clinic/pelvic floor physiotherapist at St. Olav's Hospital, (2) members of the Vulvodynia or the Endometriosis Patient Associations or (3) female students and employees from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, in a web‐based survey. To ensure a sample with symptomatic women, only women who scored ≥11 according to the Dutch prespecified factor structure were included in the statistical analyses (n = 232).

Results

Content/face validity demonstrated that the questionnaire was perceived as relevant, comprehensive and understandable. Some adjustments in the instructions of the questionnaire and the response categories were made, which lead to the Norwegian translation ACPPS‐30. Assessment of the questionnaire's dimensionality revealed a five‐factor structure similar to the original Dutch Amsterdam Hyperactive Pelvic Floor Scale (AHPFS) but without the Urinary tract infection factor and seven other items. The translated and modified ACPPS‐16 total score and subscales correlated as expected with scales measuring similar conditions. Test–retest reliability demonstrated good stability for scales (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.85–0.93) and single items (weighted kappa values from 0.34 to 0.90).

Conclusions

A modified Norwegian version ACPPS‐30 was presented, in addition to a shorter version with only 16 of the translated items distributed among five factors similar to the original Dutch version (ACPPS‐16). Both versions proved to be valid, stable and reliable tools to investigate complex pelvic pain symptoms possibly due to an abnormally high‐toned pelvic floor muscle.
Incidence of and survival after surgical intervention for bowel obstruction in women with advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Pálsdóttir Kolbrún , Salehi Sahar , Johansson Hemming , Groes‐Kofoed Nina , Falconer Henrik , Joneborg Ulrika
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Women with advanced ovarian cancer commonly present with peritoneal disease both at primary diagnosis and relapse, with risk of subsequent bowel obstruction. The aims of this study were to assess the cumulative incidence of and survival after intervention for bowel obstruction in women with advanced ovarian cancer, to identify factors predictive of survival and the extent to which the intended outcome of the intervention was achieved.

Material and methods

Women diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer stages III and IV in 2009–2011 and 2014–2016 in the Stockholm‐Gotland Region in Sweden were identified in the Swedish Quality Registry for Gynecologic Cancer. Through hospital records, types of intended and executed interventions for bowel obstruction were assessed, and as well as when in the course of oncologic treatment, the intervention was performed. Time from first intervention to death was analyzed with survival methodology and proportional hazard regression was used.

Results

Of 751 identified women, 108 had an intervention for bowel obstruction. Laparotomy was the most prevalent intervention and was used in 87% (94/108) of all women, with a success rate of 87% (82/94). An intervention for bowel obstruction was performed before or during first line treatment in 32% (35/108) with a cumulative incidence in the whole cohort of 14% (108/751, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11–16). Median survival after intervention for bowel obstruction was 4 months (95% CI 3–6). The hazard of death increased when the intervention was performed after completion of primary treatment (HR 4.46, 95% CI 1.61–12.29, P < 0.01), with a median survival of 3 months. In women subjected to radical surgery during primary treatment, the hazard of death after intervention for bowel obstruction decreased (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.91, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Women with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing intervention for bowel obstruction have a dismal prognosis, regardless of which line of oncologic treatment the intervention was performed. In the majority of women an intervention for bowel obstruction was performed in a relapse situation with an even worse survival. Our findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in the decision‐making before an intervention for bowel obstruction in women with advanced ovarian cancer.
Posterior synechia formation after phacovitrectomy – Predicting factors and the role of short‐acting mydriatics
Authors: Pesoa Yair , Palevski Dahlia , Tiosano Alon , Erlich Rita , Schaap Fogler Michal , Hadayer Amir , Levy Issac , Dotan Assaf
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of topical short‐acting mydriatics on the formation of posterior synechia after phacovitrectomy surgery of pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.

Methods

A prospective randomised controlled trial. Fifty‐seven adult (>18 years old) patients (57 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy surgery at a single tertiary hospital, were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (29 eyes) received standard postoperative treatment (topical antibiotics and steroids). The study group (28 eyes) received short‐acting mydriatics together with standard therapy. Patients were followed until 24 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was the formation of posterior synechia during the follow‐up period.

Results

A total of 7 patients developed posterior synechia during the follow‐up period (12%), 3 in the study group (11%) and 4 in the control group (14%). There was no statistical difference between the groups. Significant associations for the development of posterior synechia were surgery for retinal detachment, longer surgery duration (>93 min) and the use of tamponade, in particular silicone oil.

Conclusions

The use of topical short‐acting mydriatic drops after phacovitrectomy surgery, in addition to standard post‐operative treatment, did not reduce the formation of posterior synechia. However, we identified several factors that may influence or act as predictors for the development of posterior synechia: surgery for retinal detachment, using silicone oil tamponade and a longer surgery duration. Our findings may aid in the standardisation of post‐phacovitrectomy surgery treatment and define potential at‐risk patients who should be monitored more closely.
Postnatal corticosteroid usage in United Kingdom and Ireland neonatal units
Authors: Jenkinson Allan C. , Kaltsogianni Ourania , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne
Published: September 2023

Aim

To perform a survey on postnatal corticosteroids usage in neonatal units in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Methods

An 18‐item structured questionnaire was created asking for the level of neonatal care and corticosteroid prescribing practices. A consultant neonatologist or senor specialty training registrar/advanced neonatal nurse practitioner was contacted in every neonatal unit in the UK and Ireland between September and December 2022.

Results

The response rate to the survey was 96% (203 of 211 units). Postnatal corticosteroids were prescribed in 48% of units: 5% of special care units, 43% of local neonatal units and 100% of neonatal intensive care units. Most units (90%) prescribed dexamethasone, which was prescribed to infants born at gestational ages less than 30 weeks in all those units prescribing postnatal corticosteroids, however, eight units also reported use in infants greater than 30 weeks of gestation. Dexamethasone regimens varied with starting doses from 50 to 500 μg/kg/day. Most tertiary units (97%) prescribed repeated courses of dexamethasone. In all levels of neonatal care, postnatal corticosteroids were prescribed to ventilated infants as well as those receiving non‐invasive respiratory support.

Conclusion

There is use of postnatal corticosteroids in all levels of neonatal care and much of the practice is not evidence based.
Associations between affective temperament, perceived stress, and helping among Ukrainians and Poles in the context of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Piskunowicz Małgorzata Tatiana , Kołodziej Kosma , Altukhova Valeriia , Wojtasik Jakub , Jaremko Tatiana , Borkowska Alina
Published: September 2023

The Russian aggression of Ukraine has put millions of civilians under immense stress and forced many of them to leave their homes for safety and help. Poland became one of the leading destinations for waves of Ukrainians fleeing this war. The level of perceived stress in people who experienced war depends on various factors, including individual psychological variables. The main aim of this study was to analyze perceived stress levels and the predictive role of affective temperaments, as defined by Akiskal, for perceived stress in Ukrainians and Poles during the first year of the Russo‐Ukrainian war. Secondly, we studied the relationship between affective temperament, stress, and commitment to help Ukrainian refugees. Self‐report data from 410 Ukrainians and 146 Poles were collected. The results of this study shed light on perceived stress in war‐affected populations and the role of affective temperaments in predicting its levels. We also demonstrated the links between affective temperament, perceived stress, and involvement in helping Ukrainian refugees. Understanding the mental status of people affected by war and its predictors is crucial to providing appropriate support and assistance to those in need.
Thermal welding tonsillectomy versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Almahmoud Lina , Aladwani Abdullah A. , Ameen Jasem , Alrashidi Abdullah , AlKandery Mashael , Abu‐Zaid Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of thermal welding (TW) versus cold dissection (CD) strategies among tonsillectomy patients.

Design and Setting

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Participants

Patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Main Outcome Measures

The outcomes were summarised as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference/standardised mean difference (MD/SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random‐effects model.

Results

Fourteen RCTs were analysed. The mean operative time (n = 14 RCTs, MD = −7.99 min, 95% CI [−12.88, −3.10], p < .001), mean intraoperative blood loss (n = 11 RCTs, MD = −57.18 mL, 95% CI [−71.58, −42.78], p < .001) and postoperative pain score on day 1 (n = 15 RCTs, SMD = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.06], p = .02) were significantly reduced in the TW group compared with the CD group. However, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding the rate of reactionary bleeding (n = 13 RCTs, RR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.23, 1.71], p = .36) and delayed bleeding (n = 13 RCTs, RR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.46, 2.30], p = .95).

Conclusion

Compared with CD, TW significantly reduced the operative time and intraoperative blood loss, without an impact on the rate of postoperative bleeding. The reduction in postoperative pain score provided by the TW strategy was not clinically meaningful in clinical practice. TW might appear superior to CD among tonsillectomy patients.
Local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for mid and low rectal cancer: a multicentric French study from the GRECCAR group
Authors: Calmels Mélanie , Labiad Camélia , Lelong Bernard , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Benoist Stéphane , Mège Diane , Denost Quentin , Panis Yves
Published: September 2023

Aim

A complete or subcomplete tumour response (CTR) is observed in 10%–25% of patients with mid/low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The aim of our study was to report a multicentric French experience in local excision (LE) after CRT.

Method

All patients who underwent LE for mid/low rectal cancer with suspected CTR after CRT, from 2006 to 2019 in seven GRECCAR centres were included. LE was considered adequate if the specimen showed a ypT0/Tis/T1R0 tumour, otherwise, a completion total mesorectal excision (TME) was discussed. Morbi‐mortality, functional results and oncological outcomes were studied.

Results

A total of 257 patients were included. LE specimens showed 36% ypT0, 4% ypTis and 19% ypT1. Thus, 108 patients (42%) had theoretical indication of completion TME, which was performed in only 42 patients. Overall, 30‐day morbidity after LE was 11%, including 2% Clavien–Dindo grade III or IV complications. After completion TME, 47% described major low anterior resection syndrome versus 5% after LE alone (p < 0.001). After a mean follow‐up of 4 years (range 2–6 years), the recurrence rate was 11% after LE, 32% after completion TME and 20% in patients for whom completion TME was indicated but not performed (p = 0.021).

Conclusion

TME remains the gold standard for mid/low rectal cancer after CRT. LE in selected patients is safe for operative and functional, but also oncological, results. However, completion TME was indicated in 42% of patients after LE, highlighting the difficulty of the preoperative diagnosis of CTR after CRT.
Cytological features of central nervous system germ cell tumours and tumours of the sellar region
Authors: Viaene Angela N.
Published: September 2023

Germ cell tumours of the central nervous system and tumours of the sellar region represent a diverse group of neoplasms. These tumours affect both paediatric and adult patients and represent some of the most common central nervous system tumours as well as rare entities. Diagnosis frequently relies on tissue sampling, and intraoperative consultation is often needed to guide surgical management. The focus of this article is to provide a reference for the intraoperative cytology of these entities. The cytological features of these tumours as well as their differential diagnoses are described.
Association of aortic stiffness early post myocardial infarction with left ventricular remodelling
Authors: Pavlidis George , Tsilivarakis Damianos , Katogiannis Konstantinos , Vlastos Dimitrios , Katsanos Spyridon , Katsanaki Eleni , Thymis John , Parissis John , Lambadiari Vaia , Ikonomidis Ignatios
Published: September 2023

Background

Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling after myocardial infarction is associated with heart failure. We investigated whether aortic stiffness during acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with LV remodelling at long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

In 109 patients within 48 h of myocardial infarction post‐primary percutaneous coronary intervention and after 2 years, we measured: (a) carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), (b) LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial strain using speckle‐tracking echocardiography, (c) PWV/GLS ratio as a surrogate marker of ventricular‐arterial interaction, and (d) LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes. A > 15% decrease from the baseline in LV end‐systolic volume at 2‐year follow‐up was considered as a criterion of reverse LV remodelling.

Results

Compared with baseline, all patients had reduced PWV, LV end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes while PWV/GLS, GLS and reservoir left atrial strain were improved (p < .05) after 2 years. Baseline values of PWV, GLS, PWV/GLS ratio and reservoir left atrial strain were associated with percentage change of LV end‐systolic volume at 2 years (p < .05). Multivariable analysis revealed that lower baseline values of PWV and a less impaired GLS and PWV/GLS were independently associated with reverse LV remodelling at 2 years with a C‐statistic of .748, .711 and .787, respectively.

Conclusion

Aortic stiffness early post‐infarction determines LV remodelling after 2 years of the ischemic event despite post successful revascularization.

Clinical Trial Registration‐URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03984123, 30/04/2020.
Blood flow effects of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation. A blinded, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Viudes‐Sarrión Nuria , Aleixandre‐Carrera Fernando , Beltrá Patricia , Ortega Francisco Javier , Molina‐Payá Francisco Javier , Velasco Enrique , Delicado‐Miralles Miguel
Published: September 2023

Background

The vasculature function is mainly regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Importantly, the sensory‐motor nervous system also innervates peripheral vessels and has the capacity to modulate vascular tone. Here we investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of a mixed nerve trunk on blood flow in deep arteries and muscle perfusion. Our hypothesis is that stimulation of a mixed nerve can modify blood flow.

Methods

Twenty‐nine healthy participants were included into a randomized‐crossover and blinded clinical trial. Each subject received a placebo and two percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (pPNS) protocols on the median nerve: Pain Threshold continuous Low Frequency (PT‐cLF) and Sensory Threshold burst High Frequency (ST‐bHF). Blood flow was then assessed bilaterally using Power Doppler Ultrasonography at the main arteries of the arm, and blood perfusion at the forearm muscles. Afterwards, blood flow was quantified using a semi‐automatized software, freely shared here.

Results

Placebo, consisting in needle insertion, produced an immediate and generalized reduction on peak systolic velocity in all arteries. Although nerve stimulation produced mainly no effects, some significant differences were found: both protocols increased the relative perfusion area of the forearm muscles, the ST‐bHF protocol prevented the reduction in peak systolic velocity and TAMEAN of the radial artery produced by the control protocol and PT‐cLF produced a TAMEAN reduction of the ulnar artery.

Conclusions

Therefore, the arterial blood flow in the arm is mainly impervious to the electrical stimulation of the median nerve, composed by autonomic and sensory‐motor axons, although it produces mild modifications in the forearm muscles perfusion.
The therapeutic effect of stem cell‐derived exosomes in the treatment of chronic endometritis as assessed by histopathological, Doppler and hormonal expression in Arabian mares
Authors: Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , Abdallah Ahmed N. , Anwar Islam M. , El‐Tookhy Omar S. , Shamaa Ashraf A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Bone‐derived exosomes are considered nano‐sized extracellular vesicles secreted by the bone marrow stromal cells.

Objectives

This study used exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat chronic endometritis in Arabian mares with follow‐up alterations in haemodynamics, hormonal and histopathological expressions.

Methods and study design

Fourteen (n = 14) Arabian mares (aged 13–15 years old) were equally divided into the control group and an endometritis group (chronic type). Exosomes were infused twice 21 days apart at the first and second ovulations. Follow‐up was done ultrasonographically, and samples were taken for histopathology. Blood samples were taken to estimate hormonal levels.

Results

Uterine biopsy samples before treatment showed a marked degree of degeneration, while the second exosomal treatment showed regression of fibrous tissue and restoration of healthy endometrial glands with normal epithelium. Uterine body and horns thickness/mm were decreased after treatment at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation compared to day −1 before treatment, the uterine body‐coloured area and total uterine coloured areas/pixels were elevated (p < 0.05) at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation compared to day −1 before treatment. Uterine artery blood parameters (pulsatility index, resistance index, peak systolic and end‐diastolic points) did not change before, during and after treatment, but the blood flow rate was elevated (p < 0.05) on day 0 of the 3rd ovulation compared to day −1 before treatment. Oestradiol level was decreased (p < 0.05), while progesterone level was increased (p < 0.05) on day 0 of the 3rd ovulation compared to day −1 before treatment.

Conclusion

Two intrauterine administrations of exosomes restored the normal endometrial appearance after chronic endometritis resulting in the elevation of the conception rate in infertile mares.
Adaptation strategies of the Icelandic horse with induced forelimb lameness at walk, trot and tölt
Authors: Smit Ineke H. , Hernlund Elin , Persson‐Sjodin Emma , Björnsdóttir Sigridur , Gunnarsdottir Helga , Gunnarsson Vikingur , Rhodin Marie , Serra Braganca Filipe M.
Published: September 2023

Background and objective

Lameness assessment in the gaited Icelandic horse is complex. We aimed to describe their kinematic and temporal adaptation strategies in response to forelimb lameness at walk, trot and tölt.

Study design

In vivo experiment.

Methods

Ten clinically non‐lame Icelandic horses were measured before and after reversible forelimb lameness induction. Upper body and limb kinematics were measured using 11 inertial measurement units mounted on the poll, withers, pelvis (tubera sacrale) and all four limbs and hoofs (Equimoves®, 500 Hz). Horses were measured on a straight line at walk and trot in‐hand and at walk, trot and tölt while ridden. Linear mixed models were used to compare baseline and lame conditions (random factor = ‘horse’), and results are presented as the difference in estimated marginal means or percentage of change.

Results

Lameness induction significantly (p < 0.05) increased head vertical movement asymmetry at walk (HDmin/HDmaxHAND: 18.8/5.7 mm, HDmin/HDmaxRIDDEN: 9.8/0.3 mm) and trot (HDmin/HDmaxHAND: 18.1/7.8 mm, HDmin/HDmaxRIDDEN: 24.0/9.3 mm). At the tölt, however, HDmin did not change significantly (1.1 mm), but HDmax increased by 11.2 mm (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pelvis vertical movement asymmetry (PDmax) increased by 4.9 mm, sound side dissociation decreased (−8.3%), and sound diagonal dissociation increased (6.5%). Other temporal stride variables were also affected, such as increased stance duration of both forelimbs at walk, tölt and in‐hand trot.

Main limitations

Only one degree of lameness (mild) was induced with an acute lameness model.

Conclusions

Classical forelimb lameness metrics, such as vertical head and withers movement asymmetry, were less valuable at tölt compared to walk and trot, except for HDmax. Therefore, it is advised to primarily use the walk and trot to detect and quantify forelimb lameness in the Icelandic horse.
Temperature change and fatigue crack initiation associated with local cyclic slip deformation in a single crystal material
Authors: Sakaguchi Motoki , Thanakun Putt , Koshio Akira , Tokihiro Kosuke , Inoue Hirotsugu
Published: September 2023

Evaluating the fatigue limit by measuring temperature changes via infrared thermography has attracted significant interest because of its potential for rapid assessments. However, the physical background and validity of this technique are not yet fully understood. In this study, notched specimens of a single crystal Ni‐base superalloy with different crystallographic orientations are subjected to cyclic loading to investigate crack initiation and temperature change. Local slip deformation is quantified using crystal plasticity finite element analyses. It is found from the experimental and analytical results that the distribution of the temperature change and the local slip deformation (a plastic shear strain on the most active slip system) are affected by the crystallographic orientation. However, the correlation between the plastic shear strain and the second harmonic amplitude, as well as the threshold values of these parameters for crack initiation, is independent of the crystallographic orientation.
Quasi‐synchronous solid‐state reaction for cordierite powder synthesis
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsin , Yen Fu‐Su , Hsiang Hsing‐I , Lee Man‐Nee
Published: September 2023

This study investigates a quasi‐synchronous solid‐state reaction for synthesizing cordierite powder using talc, kaolinite, and Al2O3 mineral powders as starting materials. The thermal reaction proceeded with two different stages according to the Al sources provided by: (1) Al2O3 powders—the first stage starting at temperatures that were considerably lower than 1150°C and (2) kaolinite (mullite)—the second stage starting at temperatures that were higher than 1150°C. The goal is to shift the temperature of the first stage to coincide with that of the second stage by mixing α‐cordierite powder with the starting constituents. Exceeding the authentic reduction amounts of Al2O3 on talc particles leads to a rise in the temperature required to initiate the first‐stage reaction to 1200°C. However, this also eliminates the presence of β‐cordierite and spinel that occur in the first stage and allows for the early fulfilment of α‐cordierite formation in the second stage. The excess SiO2 released by the second stage compensates for the insufficient SiO2 required by the first stage, allowing for a smooth processing reaction. Also, a quasi‐synchronous solid‐state reaction for synthesizing cordierite occurs.
The ‘End’ of Memory: Memory, the Porous Self, and the Communion of Saints in Augustine's Confessions
Authors: Wu Abraham S‐C
Published: September 2023

This article presents a brief, constructive, theological account of memory in response to contemporary questions regarding memory loss via Augustine's account of memory, which elucidates the remembering subject's openness and relatedness to God and the communion of saints. First, I examine Augustine's Confessions, showing how memory is embodied, affective, and cogitative, and that memory's end is in relation to God and the communion of saints. Afterwards, I consider the resonances between Augustine's account of memory and two threads of research in dementia studies—namely, the notion of the ‘embodied self’ and the concept of memory ‘extension’—in order to propose how such a reading of Augustine on memory might contribute towards theological accounts and responses to memory impairment or loss.
Organization of Hannover Skin Bank: Sterile culture and procurement protocols for viable cryopreserved allogeneic skin grafts of living donors
Authors: Schlottmann Frederik , Strauß Sarah , Ziesing Stefan , Reineke Christiane , Ipaktchi Ramin , Weyand Birgit , Krezdorn Nicco , Vogt Peter Maria , Bucan Vesna
Published: September 2023

Preserved allogeneic donor skin still represents one of the gold standard therapies in temporary wound coverage in severely burned patients or chronic wounds. Allogeneic skin grafts are currently commercially available as cryo‐ or glycerol‐preserved allografts through skin tissue banks all over the world. Most of the skin tissue banks rely on human cadaveric skin donations. Due to the chronic shortage of human allogeneic transplants, such as skin, and increasing costs in the procurement of allografts from other skin tissue banks, Hannover Medical School has been building up its own skin tissue bank based on allogeneic skin grafts from living donors who underwent surgical treatment (i.e., body‐contouring procedures, such as abdominioplasties). This article presents procedures and protocols for the procurement and processing of allogeneic skin grafts according to national legislation and European regulations and guidelines. Beside protocols, initial microbiological data regarding the sterility of the harvested grafts are presented. The results currently form the basis for further investigations as well as clinical applications. In summary, a microbiological testing and acceptance procedure is presented that ensures adequate patient safety and skin viability.
Incorporation of Eu3+ in ZnGa2O4:Ni2+ for improved NIR persistent luminescence located in second transparency window
Authors: Jin Minghui , Zhang Tao , Li Ji‐Guang , Zhu Qi
Published: September 2023

It is well known that near‐infrared (NIR) persistent phosphors have rather low absorption coefficients of biological tissues for NIR light. However, recent research shows that the phosphors emitting NIR lights in second NIR (NIR‐II, 1000–1350 nm) and third (NIR‐III, 1500–1800 nm) biological window have advantages over that in NIR‐I (650–900 nm). Although ZnGa2O4:Ni2+ outputs NIR emission and afterglow locatedin NIR‐II, the weak signal significant limits its application. In this work, persistent luminescent phosphors of ZnGa2O4:xNi2+, yEu3+ (x = 0–0.013, y = 0.01–0.06) (termed as ZEGN) were synthesized via a traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction, which feature a broad emission band in the NIR‐II window. The phosphors exhibit a broad NIR emission at about 1300 nm after ultraviolet (UV) or orange–red lights excitation, arising from the 3T2(3F) → 3A2(3F) transition of Ni2+. However, incorporation of Eu3+ ions, the NIR emission intensity significantly increases with the increase of Ni2+ ion concentration, reaching the maximum by 18 times at x = 0.005. Removing the light source, the sample still outputs intense NIR afterglow and red afterglow that can last over 500 s. It is noteworthy that the red afterglow of Eu3+ shows a dramatically decrease but the NIR afterglow increases with increasing the Ni2+ ion concentration, because of energy transfer. Under the excitation of 282‐nm UV light, the ZGEN sample exhibits a good thermal stability. The phosphor offers a promising application in biological imaging due to broadband NIR‐II light and afterglow.
Audit engagement partner ideology, ideological homophily, and audit quality
Authors: Goenner Cullen , Guo Xiaoli , Notbohm Matthew
Published: September 2023

Previous studies have shown that audit quality is influenced by the audit engagement partner's characteristics. Extending this literature, we examine the association between audit engagement partner ideology (i.e. conservatism) and audit quality. We find that clients whose audit engagement partners are ideologically more conservative receive higher quality audits, as indicated by lower discretionary accruals than clients with less conservative auditors. Additionally, we find evidence that the relation between the auditor's ideology and that of the client's executives influences audit quality, as does the ideological homophily between the auditor and the client's audit committee. Homophilous pairings between the audit engagement partner and the client's executives, where the two parties share a similar ideology, are associated with both higher discretionary accruals and higher probabilities of restatement. Discretionary accruals are also shown to be higher when engagement partners share an ideology with their client's audit committee. We interpret these results as evidence of less effective monitoring by the engagement partner when they share political views with their clients.
Adverse events associated with amplatzer left atrial appendage occlusion delivery system: A Food and Drug Administration MAUDE database study
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Shah Kuldeep , Bhardwaj Rahul , Contractor Tahmeed , Turagam Mohit K. , Mandapati Ravi , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Garg Jalaj
Published: September 2023

Background

Dual occlusive closure mechanism (disc and lobe type), Amulet device (Abbott; a second‐generation device that has replaced Amplatzer Cardiac Plug) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2021 for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). However, real‐world safety data on the delivery system (Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and Amplatzer Amulet device) are lacking.

Objective

We sought to assess the type of adverse events associated with the Amplatzer LAAO delivery system using the FDA Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database.

Methods

A MAUDE database search was conducted on March 31, 2023, for reports received between February 2013 and March 2023 to capture all adverse events.

Results

A total of 59 adverse events were reported, of which 58 were sheath‐related events, and one was a wire‐related event. The most commonly encountered issue was air embolism (19%, 11 events), followed by sheath thrombosis (13.8%, eight events, two of which were also associated with device thrombosis), kinked sheath (10.3%, six events), and sheath deformation (8.6%, five events). Patient‐related adverse events included pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis (22.4%, 13 events), vascular complications (20.7%, 12 events), and device dislodgement (5.2%, three events).

Conclusion

LAAO‐related adverse events are increasingly being reported using the Amplatzer LAAO delivery sheath. It is anticipated that improvements in device technology, the advent of steerable sheaths, and operator experience will minimize these complications.
Are antiarrhythmic agents indicated in premature ventricular complex‐induced cardiomyopathy and when?
Authors: Kantharia Bharat K. , Shah Arti N.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are the most common ventricular arrhythmia that are encountered in the clinical practice. Recent data suggests that high PVC burden may lead to the development of PVC‐induced cardiomyopathy (PVC‐CM) even in patients without structural heart disease. Treatment for effective suppression of PVCs, can reverse PVC‐CM. Both antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and catheter ablation (CA) are recognized treatment modalities for any cardiac arrhythmias. However, with increasing preference of CA, the role of AADs needs further defining regarding their efficacy, safety, indications and patient selection to treat PVC‐CM.

Methods

To ascertain the role of AADs to treat PVC‐CM; whether they are indicated to treat PVC‐CM, and if so, when, we interrogated PubMed and other search engines for English language publications with key words premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), cardiomyopathy, anti‐arrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, and pharmacological agents. All publications were carefully reviewed and scrutinized by the authors for their inclusion in the review paper. For illustration of cases, ethical standard was observed as per the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, and the patient was treated as per the prevailing standard of care. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for conducting the ablation procedure.

Results

Our literature search specifically the pharmacological treatment of PVC‐CM with AADs revealed significant paradigm shift in treatment approach for PVCs and PVC‐induced cardiomyopathy. No major large, randomized control trials of AADs versus CA for PVC‐CM were found. We found that beta‐blockers and calcium channel blockers are particularly effective in the treatment of PVCs originating from right ventricular outflow tract. For Class Ic AADs ‐ flecainide and propafenone, small clinical studies showed Class Ic AADs to be effective in PVC suppression, but their usage was not recommended in patients with significant coronary artery disease. Mexiletine was found to have modest effect on PVC suppression. Studies showed sotalol to significantly reduce PVCs frequency in patients receiving both low and high doses. Studies also showed amiodarone to have higher successful PVC suppression, but not recommended as a first‐line treatment for patients with idiopathic PVCs in the absence of symptoms and left ventricular dysfunction. For dronedarone, no major clinical data were available.

Conclusions

Based on the available data in the literature, we conclude that AADs play important role in the treatment of PVC‐induced cardiomyopathy. However, appropriate patient selection criteria are vitally important, and in general terms AADs are indicated or polymorphic PVCs, epicardial PVCs; and when CA procedure is contraindicated, or not feasible or failed.
Thermal variability induces sex‐specific morphometric changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Grigg A. G. , Lowi‐Merri T. M. , Hutchings J. A. , Massey M. D.
Published: September 2023

In nature, organisms are exposed to variable environmental conditions that impact their performance and fitness. Despite the ubiquity of environmental variability, substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of organismal responses to nonconstant thermal regimes remain. In the present study, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we applied geometric morphometric methods to examine how challenging but ecologically realistic diel thermal fluctuations experienced during different life stages influence adult body shape, size, and condition. Zebrafish were exposed to either thermal fluctuations (22–32°C) or a static optimal temperature (27°C) sharing the same thermal mean during an early period spanning embryonic and larval ontogeny (days 0–30), a later period spanning juvenile and adult ontogeny (days 31–210), or a combination of both. We found that body shape, size, and condition were affected by thermal variability, but these plasticity‐mediated changes were dependent on the timing of ontogenetic exposure. Notably, after experiencing fluctuating temperatures during early ontogeny, females displayed a deeper abdomen while males displayed an elongated caudal peduncle region. Moreover, males displayed beneficial acclimation of body condition under lifelong fluctuating temperature exposure, whereas females did not. The present study, using ecologically realistic thermal regimes, provides insight into the timing of environmental experiences that generate phenotypic variation in zebrafish.
Immune response induced by coinfection of the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi and the intracellular bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis in vaccinated Atlantic salmon
Authors: Bustos Paulina , Figueroa Carolina , Cádiz Bárbara , Santander Tamara , Dixon Brian , Gallardo José A. , Conejeros Pablo
Published: September 2023

Recently, we showed that Atlantic salmon vaccinated against Piscirickettsia salmonis lose their protection upon coinfection with Caligus rogercresseyi (sea lice). However, the causes of the overriding effect of C. rogercresseyi infection have not been elucidated, and the molecular basis of the cellular and humoral immune responses upon C. rogercresseyi infection has not been described for vaccinated salmon. Therefore, we studied changes in the transcription of immune genes in vaccinated Atlantic salmon that were experimentally challenged by co‐infecting them with C. rogercresseyi and P. salmonis. In general, coinfection treatments showed immune gene expression similar to treatments with a single P. salmonis infection, showing a decreased cellular response. However, a high variance was found between individual fish in the case of crucial cellular immune genes, with a few fish reacting overwhelmingly highly compared to the majority. This supports our previous findings on vaccination response variation and reinforces the idea that vaccination failures in the field might be caused by an overwhelming amount of vaccinated fish that display a deficient immune response to the infection.
The first detection of Myxobolus lentisuturalis Dyková, Fiala et Nie, 2002, a highly pathogenic muscle‐infecting parasite of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Berg, 1932) in Hungary
Authors: Suhaimi Nadhirah Syafiqah , Colunga‐Ramírez Graciela , Sellyei Boglárka , Cech Gábor , Molnár Kálmán , Székely Csaba
Published: September 2023

Myxobolus lentisuturalis is a myxosporean parasite infecting the musculature both of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). The species was originally described in China from gibel carp that is a common fish for sport fishing in Hungary meanwhile is one of the most popular farmed fish in China due to its high demand. Eighteen gibel carp with distortions were collected from a barrage pond in southern Hungary. All fish had large humps in the dorsolateral region due to infection of the muscle between the head and the dorsal fin. The swollen degenerated tissue was filled with myxozoan spores, which were collected for morphological and molecular studies. By size and morphology, the spores were consistent with morphological description of M. lentisuturalis. Histopathological examination showed that the formation of plasmodia containing myxospores leads to severe destruction of muscle tissue. The 18S ribosomal DNA and 28S ribosomal DNA data of the samples presented matched with previous sequences of M. lentisuturalis in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that our sequences belong to a monophyletic group with them supported by a high bootstrap. This study highlights the occurrence of a highly pathogenic myxozoan, M. lentisuturalis in Hungary as a new geographical location.