bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Of Treatment Tonsilektomi Di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rsud Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2015
Authors: Prasetyo Imam , Sudiro Sudiro , Suryawati Chriswardani
Published: September 2020

Tariff of services at Kajen Public Hospital charged on general patients was calculated based on operational costs like cost of medical services, consumables, medicines, treatment class, and rental cost of surgery room. Unfortunately, all components of costs for tonsillectomy treatment had not been included. Determination of the tariff had not calculated indirectly costs. Tariff of tonsillectomy treatment at the Kajen Public Hospital at inpatient room based on a local regulation Number 1 year 2012 was Rp 3,275,000 for class 3 whereas tariff for claim of BPJS at the same class at a regional hospital type C was Rp 1,767,900. In this case, there was any difference between costs that had to be spent for tonsillectomy treatment and claim from BPJS. Each cost must be calculated in accordance with clinical pathway to determine unit cost in order to provide high-quality of services. The aim of this study was to figure out amount of unit cost based on clinical pathway on tonsillectomy diagnosis at the Kajen Public Hospital. This was an observational analytic study by conducting a case study at the Kajen Public Hospital. Clinical pathway was arranged through meeting of a drafting team. A calculation of unit cost was performed using a method of Activity Based Costing (ABC), determination of exceeding cost. The results of clinical pathway arrangement showed that steps of tonsillectomy diagnosis pathway were as follows: admission, diagnostic, therapy, and follow up. Unit cost of tonsillectomy diagnosis based on the ABC calculation was Rp 2,717,662. The results of cost recovery rate calculation demonstrated that CRR among general patients was 121% whereas among BPJS patients was 65%. It means that each general patient of the Kajen Public Hospital obtained surplus as many as 21% otherwise each BPJS patient obtained minus as many as 35%. Arrangement of clinical pathway and implementation of final clinical pathway could be used as quality control of the Kajen Public Hospital. The hospital management needs to trace costs, to monitor, and to evaluate the obedience of clinical pathway.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Spiritual Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Ketua Tim Keperawatan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Semarang
Authors: Yudaningsih Yunita , Kana Nico L , Sujianto Untung
Published: September 2020

Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Semarang merupakan rumah sakit milik Pemerintah Kota Semarang. Kinerja perawat merupakan bagian integral dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan yang diberikan rumah sakit, sehingga kinerja perawat harus selalu ditingkatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan di rumah sakit. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif meggunakan design pre –post test with control group dengan cara melakukan intervensi, berupa kegiatan pelatihan dengan materi kepemimpinan spiritual pada kelompok eksperimen. Setelah dua bulan pelaksanaan pelatihan, dilakukan pengukuran kinerja ketua tim keperawatan, untuk melihat pengaruh kegiatan pelatihan tentang kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan pada kelompok eksperimen. Cara pengambilan data kinerja ketua tim dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi oleh perawat pelaksana. Populasi adalah seluruh ketua tim keperawatan dengan total sampling Analisis data menggunakan T test dengan Uji One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test untuk melihat pengaruh pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan pada kelompok ekperimen yang diukur sebelum pelaksanaan pelatihan, dengan nilai sebesar 58,66 dalam katagori kurang. Adapun setelah dilakukan pelatihan kepemimpinan spiritual terjadi peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan menjadi sebesar 77,04 dalam katagori baik. Dari analisis data mendapatkan dengan nilai mean (-43,422) artinya terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan yang cukup bermakna pada kelompok eksperimen, yaitu sebesar 43,422. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan tentang kepemimpinan spiritual berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kinerja ketua tim keperawatan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Semarang.
Evaluasi Sistem Pengolah Data Mortalitas Pasien Rawat Inap Berbasis Komputer di RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Sari Devi Pramita , Sudiro Sudiro , Suryawati Chriswardani
Published: September 2020

The System processors mortality inpatients there is the problem performance computer. Research objectives, evaluate system processors mortality computer based, based on method of Healt Metricks Networck.This research non experiments with the qualitative method. Collection method used observation system processors mortalitas and in-depth interviews. Informants main the program administrators system as many as six informants.Informants triangulation that is supporting management system processors mortality as much as two informants. The result in components resources not all educated personnel information system or medical record, and there never has been training system processors mortality, there has been no written job description, implementers copies duty with the services provided data morbidity, the lack of space and special computer system ocessors mortality, the absence of written regulations. Components indicators there has been no database doctor ,the act of, and cause of death, and certificates death are printed. A component source of the data was not in accordance between the data on mortalitas manual there are in a register in-patient facilities with data on the computer. Components data management of the data analysis is carried out only by system coordinator processors mortality. Components data products are considered to data was incomplete. The spreading and the use of delivery via email still not yet web based and has not integrated.Advice for the hospital management to distribute and should use designed system processors mortality web-based integrated to the external DKK and Dispendukcapil
Analisis Determinan Kualitas Pelayanan Antenatal Trimester I (SATU ) Kehamilan Oleh Bidan Desa Di Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Published: September 2020

Tingginya capaian cakupanprogram pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak (KIA) belum berpengaruh terhadap penurunan jumlah kasus kematian ibu di Kabupaten Temanggung. Penyebab kematian ibu terbanyak adalah karena penyakit penyerta yang seharusnya dapat terdeteksi pada pemeriksaan antenatal trimester pertama yang dilakukan oleh bidan desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan antenatal trimester 1 kehamilan oleh bidan desa di Kabupaten Temanggung. Metode penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan design cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 60 orang bidan desa yang dipilih secara systematic random sampling dari 14 Puskesmas terpilih kasus kematian ibu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket dan observasi langsung menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur . Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square, kualitas pelayanan ANC dinilai dengan ketepatan pelayanan bidan dalam pemberian pelayanan ANC sesuai standar asuhan kebidanan dan standar operasional 10 T ANC.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas pelayanan antenatal trimester I kehamilan oleh bidan desa adalah beban kerja(p = 0,002), pengetahuan(p = 0,006) dan supervisi(p = 0,002). Faktor yang tidak berhubungan adalah dana (p = 0,570), ketersediaan dan pelaksanaan SOP(p = 0,164), dan ketersediaan peralatan(p = 0,251). Ada hubungan bersama – sama variabel beban kerja(p = 0,002) pengetahuan responden(p = 0,006) dan supervisi(p = 0,002)dengan kualitas pelayanan Antenatal Trimester I Kehamilan.Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatandan Puskesmas di Kabupaten Temanggung untuk lebih memfokuskan bidan desa pada tugas pokok utamanya sebagai pemberi pelayanan KIA disamping tugas tambahan bidan desa lainnya. Mengadakan peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang asuhan pelayanan antenatal secara merata untuk seluruh bidan yang kegiatannya dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan, dan meningkatkan kualitas pelaksanaan kegiatan supervisi fasilitatif sesuai petunjuk tekhnis pelaksanaan yang telah ditentukan. Kepada Bidan Koordinator dan bidan desa diharapkan bersama – sama menguatkan kembali komitmen untuk meningkatkan dan menjaga kualitas pelayanan antenatal pada setiap ibu hamil yang dilayaninya.
Analisis Proses Pengendalian Mutu dalam Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) di Instalasi Farmasi RS Keluarga Sehat
Authors: Rosida LIa Alfa , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: September 2020

The indicator achievement of minimum service standard (MSS) for the accuracy of distributingdrugs in Pharmacy Unit of Keluarga Sehat Hospital has not been achieved, even the incidence ofthe distributionerror from 2013 to 2016 continues to increase. The purpose of this researchwas to analyze the quality control process in the implementation of MSS in Pharmacy Unit of Keluarga Sehat Hospital. This was a qualitative research, with research subject 3pharmacy officers and 3 people of pharmacy management services.Data collectedby in-depth interview and observation of pharmaceutical performance report data and analysed by content analysis. The result of the research showed that the evaluation of pharmacy staff performance has not been implemented, because there is no performance appraisal indicator yet. Comparison was done only by comparing reports with general target, medical support manager double job resulted in no feedback to Pharmacy Unit, and so it has not supported the implementation of MSS. The Improvement of performancehas not been implementedand has notfound the concept of improvement. The new management will attempt to conduct a comparative study, including pharmacy installation into the Quality Control Group (GKM) or Problem Solving for Better Health (PSBH), find the cause of the problem and develop the policy. It can be concluded that the quality control of the MSS in the Pharmacy Unit still not going well and need to be improved especially related to quality performance appraisal and performance improvement based on the SOP.
Analisis Upaya Manajemen Rumah Sakit Dalam Penerapan Budaya Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) Pasca Akreditasi Pada Sebuah RSUD di Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Fadhila Naela , Sudiro Sudiro , Denny Hanifa Maher
Published: September 2020

Occupational Health and Safety was very important to protect employees, patient and visitor from occupational illness and occupational accident. Occupational Health and Safety Standard in Hospital was regulated by Decision of The Minister of Health Number 1087/Menkes/SK/VIII/2010. Ahead of accreditation, management has made many efforts to implemented Occupational Health and Safety in Regional Public Hospital of Semarang District. The achievement of accreditation result was 5 star with 80% of its passing grade including Occupational Health and Safety. However, the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety culture post accreditation has not yet been well occupied. The research aimed in analyzing the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety culture at a Regional Public Hospital of Semarang District after accreditation process. It is a qualitative research by using observation and depth interview. The interview was performed on hospital employees, the head of hospital’s accreditation team, Occupational Health and Safety team secretary, medical services management, patients and visitors. The interview based on the research variable such as employee’s assumption, Occupational Health and Safety values, Occupational Health and Safety artifacts and Occupational Health and Safety culture. The result shows that Occupational Health and Safety culture at Regional Public Hospital of Semarang District is not well implemented. Management commitment and good leadership is necessary due to the Occupational Health and Safety culture implementation.
Analisis Sistem Program One Student One Client Pendampingan Ibu Hamil oleh Mahasiswa Keperawatan di Kota Semarang
Authors: Musta'in Mukhamad , Nugraheni Sri Achadi , Sujianto Untung
Published: September 2020

Maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) are one of the main indicators of a country's health status. MMR in Semarang was increasing since 2013 (107.95 per 100,000 live birth) become (128.05 per 100,000 live birth) in 2015. Various efforts have been made to handle the increase in maternal mortality rate in Semarang, one of them is OSOC program to accompany pregnant women. However, its implementation has not run optimally and encounters several obstacles. The purpose of the research was to analyze the input, process, and output aspects of the One Student One Client Program to accompany  pregnant women by Nursing Students in Semarang. This was qualitative research with descriptive explorative approach through in-depth interview and focus of group discussion. The main informants were; Head of Health Section of Central Java Provincial Health Office and triangulation informant; 2 Heads of Public health services and 2 nurses / midwife coordinator, 2 Head of study program, 2 field supervisors, 14 nursing students and 7 pregnant women / postpartum. Data processed and analysed by content analysis method.  The result showed that the input aspect: which was human resources, had been sufficient, but insufficient in funds, infrastructure facilities only in the form of modules, the policy had not been written and  there was no memorandum of understanding / MoU between the health office and educational institutions.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Peran, Fungsi dan Wewenang Governing Body di Rumah Sakit Islam NU Demak
Authors: Ansyah Rudi , Putra Sarsintorini , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: September 2020

Hospital health services have a high level of complexity and are prone to conflicts both inside and outside the hospital. The implementation of quality management is still a lot of obstacles faced evidenced by many hospital staff who do not know about quality management, frequent conflicts and lack of clarity of coordination, communication and information channels. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the role, function and authority of governing body, director, medical committee and nursing committee, quality management implementation, quality leadership and hospital barrier in order to improve quality management of NU Demak Islamic Hospital. This research design using descriptive method with qualitative approach. The main informants were the governing body, the director, the medical committee and the nursing committee and the triangulation informant were the executing physician, the nurse and the chairman of the quality team. Data were collected by in-depth interview techniques. Processing and data analysis using content analysis. The results show the role and function governing body has been implemented but the authority has not been implemented optimally. The role and authority of the director have been implemented but the function has not been implemented optimally. The role and function of the medical committee has been implemented but the authority has not been implemented optimally. The role and function of the nursing committee has not been implemented optimally but the authority has been implemented. Quality planning has been implemented, but quality control and improvement has not been implemented optimally. Building vision, inspiring processes, mobilizing human resources and becoming a model has been implemented. It is recommended to allocate budgets for the training of the ex-house training, to make guidelines for recording and reporting, to make guidance on performance evaluation of officers, to create a checklist of performance evaluation and to make an assessment of internal satisfaction
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Administrasi Vaksinasi Meningitis Berbasis Web di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas III Banda Aceh
Authors: Apriyandi Dedi , Adi Kusworo , Widodo Aris Puji
Published: September 2020

Meningitis vaccination service in Polyclinic of Class III Port Health Office (KKP) of Banda Aceh almost annually has increased the number of patients. There are several problems in the administration information system of meningitis vaccination that is currently running which officer is taking a long time to monitor the stock of vaccine and searching patient’s data that has been vaccinated. In the other hand, the data and information produced has yet incomplete, inaccurate and inconforn according within user system problems, Inaccurate timing for reporting and resulted to the inforrmation’s inconsistency. The purpose of this research is to produce an web-based information system of vaccine administration of meningitis at Polyclinic Class III Port Health Office of Banda Aceh.     The type of researchs used are qualitative and quantitative. This research design using one group pre and post test, system development using FAST method (Framework for the Application of System Techniques). Research subjects consisted of 8 respondents who work in Polyclinic Port Health Office Banda Aceh. The result of observation and interview is conducted by the method of content analysis and descriptive analysis by using the weighted average. Descriptively, the results of data analysis shows which overall weighted average value of quality information before the development of 1.91 system and after the development of 3.64 system with a difference of 1.73. The average calculation of time required to perform services to patients to be faster 4.9 minutes.     There is need support and commitment from the Class III Port Health Office Banda Aceh for implementing the administration information system of meningitis vaccination that has been developed optimally. Monitoring and evaluating users of the system should be performed periodically by Port Helath Office of Banda Aceh.
Analisis Faktor -Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemahaman Pasien terhadap Informed Consent di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Susanto Dewangga Primananda , Pratama Bramantya Surya , Hariyanto Tuti
Published: September 2020

The effect of patient safety in good hospitals are illustrated by a good informed consent process in accordance with applicable regulations. Not a few hospitals lost the process of good informed consent, so caught up in the legal process during the incident. This study aims to determine, analyze and examine the factors that affect the understanding of patient informed consent in RSU X. This research uses explorative research with descriptive approach. The respondents of this study were divided into two groups: in-patients and medical teams between nurses and doctors at Hospital X. This study found the root causes of informed consent in patient unresponsiveness after a questionnaire analysis and focus group discussion (FGD) at RSU X. The result is 1) There is no method / tool to facilitate health personnel in explaining, (2) No media from the hospital to facilitate, (3) No appointment of person in charge, (4) Awareness of informed consent does not exist, and (5) Lack of socialization of Standard Operational Procedure and no policies. The solution is the creation of a media to assist in improving the understanding of patient informed consent such as building model like photonovela.
Evaluasi Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Rekam Medis di RSJ Prof. Dr. V.L. Ratumbuysang Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan Pendekatan Hot Fit Model
Authors: Makalalag Donny , Agushybana Farid , Mawarni Atik
Published: September 2020

Medical Record Information System Service at Prof. Dr. V.L. Ratumbuysang Mental Hospital North Sulawesi Province had not run as expected. Indicated by the differences in patient data in the recording and the medical records. Factors that allegedly affect are human, organization and technology. This study aims to evaluate medical record service information system with the HOT FIT Model approach and its benefits.  　　　This was a qualitative study. Data collected through in depth interviews and analyzed by content analysis method. Research subjects were 1 admin officer and 3 archival officers as main informants and the chief of medical record service, the head medical services division and an assistant director of medical services and nursing as the triangulation informants. 　　　The results showed that the medical record service information system had facilitated the work but the knowledge and skills of the officers were still lacking. Organizational factors were supported but the budget was still lacking in system development. Technological factors had not run optimally because the LAN network did not work.  The quality of the information had not been met because the data of the visits should be checked again before used for decision making. Quality of service was not maximal yet, because the connectivity between medical record and polyclinic was impaired, then the officer used manual form.  　　　It can be concluded that the hospital need to increase the staff knowledge and allocate funds for improvement and development of information systems or cooperate with other parties in system maintenance.
Identifikasi Waste pada Waktu Tunggu Pasien Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro dengan Pendekatan Lean Hospital
Authors: Pualamsyah Jessica Christanti , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: September 2020

Outpatient waiting time based on minimum standart of care is defined as a time duration since patient in registrated until they meet the doctor. Lean management is a method that could improve outpatient process. There was persistence complain in outpatient waiting time in Diponegoro National Hospital since May 2016 until November 2016. Therefore, lean is expected to improve outpatient wait time. Based on Lean theory, waste is comprised of waste defect, overproduction, transportation, waiting, inventory, motion, overprocessing, and non-utilized talent. This study is going to identified waste that occurred in internal medicine outpatient.  　　　This was qualitative study research and conducted by observation, indepth interview, and focussed group disscusion. Total of key informant was 10 internal medicine patients and 6  hospital staffs, including  registration, administration, information technology (IT) , procurement, helper, and  nurse. Total of informant triangulation was 2 informants, including head of outpatient unit and medical records unit. Waste identification was done by value stream mapping analysis and value-added assessment. Root cause analysis (RCA) which used in this study was 5 whys method.  　　　The longest activity in outpatient  was waiting in registration booth with mean value of 30,9 minutes, the second was waiting for doctor activity with mean value of 25,2 minutes and the third was waiting medical records to be given by helper with mean value of 8,8 minutes. Waste waiting, overprocessing,  defect,  inventory, motion  were  found in this study. It recommends an establisment of flowchart for patient, interdepartment coordination, and Standar Operation Procedure (SOP). Procrument for medical record facility and implementation of 6 S culture are mandatory.
Pengembangan Sistem Pengumpulan Data Imunisasi Terpadu Elektronik untuk Mendukung Evaluasi Program Imunisasi Di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Khasanah Lina , Widodo Aris Puji , Agushybana Farid
Published: September 2020

Immunization program includes planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of immunization activities. Implementation of immunization program evaluation through recording and reporting of immunization activities. The current immunization data recording system has not been able to produce complete, relevant, timely, accessible and easily understood information and has not provided a presentation of information that is easily interpreted according to the needs of the management.Implementation of information technology in the management of health data requires attention and conceptual framework as a whole. This is also required in the evaluation process of the immunization program at Brebes District Health Office. The provision of information that is interpretative and timely is needed in line with technological developments.The development of this immunization information system uses the FAST (framework for the application of systems techniques) method that produces input, process and output components that can cover the needs of immunization program reporting and evaluation of immunization programs through mapping areas.
Bottleneck Pelayanan Nifas pada Upaya Penurunan Risiko Kejadian Kematian Ibu di Wilayah Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang
Authors: Prihatini Ike Johan , Nugraheni Sri Achadi , Jati Sutopo Patria
Published: September 2020

Maternal and child health was a priority of health program in Indonesia. Maternal Mortality Rate in Semarang was ranked second highest in Central Java. The highest proportion of maternal deaths occurred during puerperium. That’s indicates, there was a problem in a process of maternal health services during puerperium period in health facilities. This study was conducted to examine constraints on health systems that limit range of interventions or health services that were important for postpartum, bottlenecks related to postpartum services in Public Health Center (PHC), especially infrastructure, human resources, access to PHC, post partum visits (KF1 and KF3), as well as quality of post partum services on risk reduction of maternal mortality. This case study used a qualitative approach. Data collection through interviews to five midwives as main informants, 5 midwives coordinator and 5 heads of PHC as informant triangulation. Data analsyis used content analysis method, then assigned priority bottleneck through MCUA (Multiple Criteria Utility Assessment) techniques. WHO's scale-up BNA plan to analyze bottleneck causes. Results showed, there was a bottleneck on childbirth services in PHC. The causes of bottleneck risk reduction efforts of maternal mortality incidence in puerperium period has never been analyzed workload of health personnel in PHC, lack of monitoring and evaluation of an availability infrastructure facilities in PHC, there has not been regular training, especially on delivery until puerperium services, and PHC has not received more detailed and operational information about puerperium so their maternal knowledge about puerperium has not increased much and couldn’t raise mother's awareness to do so. Semarang Public Health Office (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang) needs to conduct periodic monitoring and evaluation implementation of postpartum services and improve quality of childbirth services in PHC.Keywords: Bottleneck analysis, health services, post partum, Primary Health Care, Puskesmas, Maternal Mortality Rate
Analisis Beban Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya
Authors: Permatasari Eska Distia , Damayanti Nyoman Anita
Published: September 2020

Masalah beban kerja adalah masalah yang paling banyak dialami oleh sejumlah Puskesmas, termasuk di Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya. Hasil survey pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa 58,33%  tenaga kesehatan memiliki beban kerja yang berat atau tinggi. Pengakuan persepsi beban kerja tinggi yang tidak sebanding dengan kuantitas pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang salah ketika melakukan pengambilan keputusan dalam menyelesaikan masalah di Puskesmas. Untuk membuktikan bahwa masalah tingginya beban kerja ini bukan masalah subyektif saja, maka peneliti melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kategori beban kerja obyektif setiap tenaga kesehatan yaitu dokter, bidan, dan perawat di Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah dokter, bidan, dan perawat di Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya. Analisis beban kerja dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode time and motion study. Hasli penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh seluruh tenaga medis, kebidanan, dan keperawatan di Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya memiliki kategori beban kerja underload dengan rata-rata pelaksanaan waktu kerja produktif 69,46% setiap harinya. Sehingga hasil pengukuran beban kerja obyektif memang diperlukan agar masalah beban kerja subyektif dapat diselesaikan dengan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat.
Pengaruh Quality of Work Life Terhadap Keterlibatan Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Davik Farouk Ilmid , Ernawaty Ernawaty , Damayanti Nyoman Anita
Published: September 2020

Quality of Work Life (QWL) merupakan persepsi tentang keamanan, kepuasan, dan kemampuan untuk berkembang yang dirasakan karyawan dalam melakukan pekerjaan. QWL dapat mempengaruhi keterlibatan kerja karyawan. Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya memiliki tingkat keterlibatan kerja karyawan rendah sebesar 65,46% pada Maret 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh QWL terhadap keterlibatan kerja karyawan di Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan membagikan 2 macam kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 62 karyawan tetap berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan rumus simple random sampling. Analisis pengaruh QWL terhadap keterlibatan kerja karyawan menggunakan uji regresi logistik univariat. Hasil pengukuran QWL di Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan adalah kategori cukup sebesar 58,1%. Tingkat keterlibatan kerja karyawan tergolong dalam kategori cukup sebesar 88,7%. Hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh QWL terhadap keterlibatan kerja karyawan dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,000456. Hasil uji pengaruh komponen QWL terhadap keterlibatan kerja antara lain pengawasan (sig=0,0002), tunjangan (sig=0,000002), dan desain kerja (sig=0,000007). Tunjangan yang memiliki pengaruh paling kuat terhadap keterlibatan kerja. Kondisi kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap keterlibatan kerja karyawan. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah QWL memberikan pengaruh terhadap keterlibatan kerja. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan kerja karyawan adalah pihak manajemen Rumah Sakit Mata Undaan Surabaya lebih memperhatikan pengawasan terhadap karyawan, tunjangan yang seimbang, desain kerja yang jelas, memberikan reward bagi karyawan yang kinerjanya baik dan sanksi bagi karyawan yang kinerjanya kurang. Kata Kunci: desain kerja, keterlibatan kerja, kondisi kerja, pengawasan, tunjangan, quality of work life
Las Directivas Anticipadas: Reflexiones jurídicas en el sistema Legal colombiano
Authors: Leal esper Yamal elias
Published: September 2020

Con el presente artículo de reflexión se pretende analizar, desde una perspectiva jurídica, las directivas anticipadas, conocidas también como testamentos vitales, para lo cual ha de abordarse su noción, su evolución histórica y los análisis de los casos más emblemáticos de aplicabilidad en el contexto internacional, como los de Karen Ann Quinlan, Nancy Cruzan, Geertruida Postma y Vincent Lambert, en los cuales los testamentos vitales han desempeñado un papel importante. Así mismo, se dará una mirada sobre las directivas anticipadas en el contexto internacional y, por último, se mostrará la normatividad aplicable en el ámbito colombiano, de tal forma que permita determinar y dar a conocer las principales características, los requisitos de validez y la eficacia en el ordenamiento jurídico de Colombia y su aplicabilidad.
El error en la evaluación del perfil del adolescente infractor en el Perú
Authors: Bermúdez Tapia Manuel
Published: September 2020

Con la promulgación del Código de Responsabilidad Penal de Adolescentes (CRPA), Decreto Legislativo Nº 1348 (06/01/2017) y su reglamento, se planteaba atender el problema social que provocaba la participación de adolescentes en casos de connotación social y penal de extrema violencia en el Perú, especialmente cuando se registraban niños y adolecentes en actos de sicariato.

Sin embargo, los resultados no han sido positivos especialmente porque se han registrado defectos en la legislación, en el ámbito de la evaluación de la práctica judicial especializada y en la evaluación de la política criminológica y penal ejecutada, sobre la incidencia de los dos primeros puntos.

Consecuentemente el CRPA registra defectos tanto en lo sustantivo como en lo procesal que limitan su propia legitimidad y cuestiona su vigencia, debido principalmente al hecho de que se ha ejecutado una equivalencia de condiciones criminológicas registradas en delitos cometidos por adultos.

La evaluación normativa, la casuística generada y el débil impacto referencial del CRPA en la estadística criminológica permiten detallar el registro de un defecto esencial: la evaluación del perfil de un adolescente involucrado en una situación criminológica no ha sido diseñada correctamente y por ello el trámite judicial en lo procesal y en lo pericial provoca una interpretación de los hechos y genera un procedimiento que podría resultar inconstitucional porque al adolescente infractor se le está asignando una condición equivalente a la de un adulto, porque la reforma del Código Civil peruano, con el Decreto Legislativo Nº 1377 no puede aplicarse al contexto penal[1].

[1] Varsi Rospigliosi, Enrique. “La presunción pater is est ahora puede destruirse con la mera declaración de la madre“, Gaceta Civil & Procesal Civil, Nº 63, Setiembre 2018.
Harms of secondary recognition in the Context of sociopolitical conflicts: Three factors for their exclusion from Transitional justice legal discourse
Authors: Coral Diaz Ana Milena
Published: September 2020

This work seeks to explain why feminist theory has said transitional justice legal discourse has notrecognized the totality of harms women experience in the context of socio-political conflicts. To doso, it analyzes three factors responsible for international law and the Western construction of thefemale body as dualist and essentialist. Based on this analysis, it establishes that harms not usuallyrecognized by this legal discourse are considered “harms of secondary recognition,” since they donot form part of the typical legal figures that precede the experience itself.
Reflexiones sobre nacionalidad, apatridia y Derechos de los niños. Análisis comparado Entre Colombia y República Dominicana
Authors: Ávila Hernandez Flor María , Rodriguez Vazquez Miguel Angel , De los Santos Olivo Isidro
Published: September 2020

En la presente investigación se analizan las legislaciones de Colombia y de República Dominicana, a la luz de los estándares internacionales de derechos humanos sobre la apatridia. En el caso de la migración forzada venezolana, por la emergencia humanitaria compleja que ha azotado a Venezuela desde 2013 hasta la fecha, Colombia ha sido el principal receptor de migrantes, en virtud de compartir la mayor extensión de frontera terrestre con Venezuela por Arauca, Amazonas y el departamento de La Guajira. Se estudia con el método de análisis documental la reciente legislación colombiana contra la apatridia, en específico, la Ley 1997 del 16 de septiembre de 2019, que concede la nacionalidad a los hijos de venezolanos nacidos en Colombia, como política del Estado, así como la evolución del tratamiento jurídico sobre la nacionalidad y apatridia en República Dominicana. Se formulan reflexiones sociojurídicas acerca de la nacionalidad y la apatridia, a la luz de los principios internacionales de los derechos humanos en el Sistema interamericano de los derechos humanos, mediante las opiniones consultivas y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana. Se concluye que el Estado colombiano ha actualizado su legislación contra la apatridia, para cumplir con el estándar internacional de derechos, mientras que República Dominicana, por medio de su diversa legislación, viola los derechos humanos a la igualdad y no discriminación, a la nacionalidad, a la personalidad jurídica y al accesoa la justicia. Asimismo, se concluye que, aunque los Estados tengan la competencia o un margen nacional de apreciación para fijar los requisitos y otorgar la nacionalidad, deben hacerlo observando los principios del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
Thresholds of Time and Space
Authors: Milbrath Susan
Published: September 2020

Analysis of the iconography in a directional almanac on Codex Borgia pages 49–52 invites comparison with almanacs in a related set of divinatory manuscripts known as the Borgia Group, but one aspect of the Codex Borgia almanac remains unique. It records real-time dates employing the central Mexican system of year dates that help identify the images as year-end rituals. These fifteenth-century dates correlate with the last twenty-day “month” in the year, known as Izcalli in the Valley of Mexico and neighboring Tlaxcala. Izcalli rituals in February involved drilling a new fire, the erection of sacred trees, and animal sacrifice, all of which appear on Borgia 49–52. During Izcalli, human sacrifice was performed only every fourth year, a pattern like that seen in the Codex Borgia and the Codex Cospi, where death imagery and decapitated humans appear prominently on the fourth year-bearer page, associated with the southern direction. Borgia Group codices also depict trees and birds representing the four cardinal directions. These are most prominent on Codex Fejérváry-Mayer page 1 in a cosmogram representing two different calendar formats, like those seen in the Borgia almanac. The 5 × 52-day format was used to measure the solar year and Venus cycle, and a second set of day signs appears in a 4 × 65-day pattern useful in calculating the fifty-two-year cycle and the Venus cycle. This provides a subtext for understanding the dates represented on Borgia 49–52 and the extension of the almanac on page 53, where the Venus almanac begins.
Defining the Boundaries of Polycomb Domains in Drosophila
Authors: De Sandip , Gehred Natalie D , Fujioka Miki , Chan Fountane W , Jaynes James B , Kassis Judith A
Published: September 2020

Polycomb group (PcG) genes are an important group of epigenetic regulators that act to repress transcription. In Drosophila, the PcG group protein complex PRC2 is recruited to discrete DNA elements called Polycomb response elements. PRC2 .....
Determination of ligustrazine in rat serum by polymer monolithic micro-extraction combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Danling , Peng Xitian , Peng Maomin , Zhang Xian , Xia Hong , Xu Zhimin , Hu Xizhou
Published: September 2020

This study focused on developing an effective and environmentally friendly method to measure ligustrazine in rat serum by using polymer monolith micro-extraction (PMME) technique. A poly (methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) material was used to extract ligustrazine through hydrophobic and ion-exchange interaction. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed by a liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. After optimization of several PMME conditions, the developed method exhibited excellent extraction performance to the ligustrazine. Good linearity was acquired ranging from 10 to 2,000 ng mL−1, and the limit of detection of the proposed method was 0.14 ng mL−1. The recoveries measured by spiking three different concentrations in rat serum ranged from 82.6 to 95.3%, and excellent precision was found with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.3% for intra-day and 9.7% for inter-day, respectively. At last, the applicability of the method was further confirmed through continuous monitoring of ligustrazine in rat serum after dosing of ligustrazine tablets to rats.
Review of therapeutic options for infections with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Bandick Rasmus G. , Mousavi Soraya , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: September 2020

Infections with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria including carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging worldwide but are difficult to treat with the currently available antibiotic compounds and therefore constitute serious threats to human health. This prompted us to perform a literature survey applying the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials including clinical trials comparing different treatment regimens for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Our survey revealed that a combined application of antibiotic compounds such as meropenem plus vaborbactam, meropenem plus colistin and carbapenem plus carbapenem, resulted in significantly increased clinical cure and decreased mortality rates as compared to respective control treatment. However, further research on novel antibiotic compounds, but also on antibiotic-independent molecules providing synergistic or at least resistance-modifying properties needs to be undertaken in vitro as well as in large clinical trials to provide future options in the combat of emerging life-threatening infections caused by MDR bacteria.
Variabilidad morfológica y agronómica de germoplasma de frijol cultivado en Oaxaca, México
Authors: García-Narváez A. L. , Hernández-Delgado S. , Chávez-Servia J. L. , Mayek-Pérez N.
Published: September 2020

El estudio de frijol (Phaseolus spp.) en sus centros de domesticación ayuda a entender su evolución y diversificación, la dinámica del reservorio de genes útiles para el mejoramiento genético, y provee información para formular estrategias de conservación y aprovechamiento. Los agricultores frecuentemente hacen mezclas de semillas al momento de la siembra a manera de estrategia de amortiguamiento ante cambios estacionales durante el ciclo de cultivo, principalmente de las lluvias. Esta y otras prácticas están poco documentadas en relación con su efecto en la estructura genética de las poblaciones de frijol en manos de los agricultores. Por ello, es necesario documentar las poblaciones nativas con valores potenciales, en riesgo de erosión o extinción con el propósito de formular estrategias de conservación y aprovechamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variabilidad morfológica de germoplasma de frijol (75 poblaciones) cultivado por agricultores de seis diferentes regiones de Oaxaca, México (Mixteca, Sierra Norte, Sierra Sur, Istmo, Valles Centrales, Cañada). Las variables morfológicas con mayor valor explicativo de la variabilidad fueron área foliar, peso de 100 semillas, días a formación, llenado y maduración de vainas. Aunque no hay relación entre origen y el agrupamiento con base en caracteres morfológicos, el germoplasma forma grupos con base en etnias de origen.
Breeding biology and long-term population dynamics of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in Skibotn, Northern Norway
Authors: Järvinen Antero
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The breeding biology and population dynamics of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in pine, mixed and deciduous forests in Skibotn, Northern Norway (69°20’N, 20°20’E), was studied during 33 years (1987–2019; in total 1775 completed first clutches). It was a period during which summer temperatures remained relatively stable, but late spring (May) temperatures tended to become warmer. The number of breeding pairs declined over the study period but varied less than in populations living in more harsh subalpine environments. In spite of the northern location, females started to lay eggs in a relatively late phenological phase of the environment and in relatively warm weather. The date of birch leafing and the date of egg-laying advanced during the study period, and they correlated with each other. Mean clutch size was 6.4 eggs, and mean number of fledglings/nest 4.6. Date of egg-laying was earlier and clutch size larger in deciduous forests than in pine and mixed forests, but this did not translate into better fledgling productivity. The main causes of nesting failure were predation by small mustelids and starvation in warm and dry summers. However, in the long run the population seemed to be able to maintain itself without immigration, i.e., act as a source population. The possibility that during warm climate periods of the past, breeding biology and population dynamics of Pied Flycatchers over large geographical areas might have resembled those in Skibotn is discussed.

 

Cover photo: “Mummified” Pied Flycatcher nestling (age about 10 days) starved to death in Skibotn in the warm and dry summer of 1988.  Photo: Antero Järvinen.
The Relationship between AKI and CKD in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Hapca Simona , Siddiqui Moneeza K. , Kwan Ryan S.Y. , Lim Michelle , Matthew Shona , Doney Alex S.F. , Pearson Ewan R. , Palmer Colin N.A. , Bell Samira ,   on behalf of the BEAt-DKD Consortium
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement

Understanding of the interplay between AKI and CKD in people with type 2 diabetes, and how it compares with the interplay between AKI and CKD in the nondiabetic population, is limited. In this retrospective, cohort study of 16,700 participants with or without type 2 diabetes, the authors developed an algorithm to identify AKI episodes from serum creatinine test data. In their analysis, they found that rates of AKI are significantly higher among patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, and this remains true for individuals without preexisting CKD. These findings demonstrate that the risk of AKI and associated adverse outcomes in this population of patients is currently underestimated. Increasing awareness may allow for implementation of simple interventions to help prevent the occurrence of AKI and thereby improve patient outcomes.

Background

There are few observational studies evaluating the risk of AKI in people with type 2 diabetes, and even fewer simultaneously investigating AKI and CKD in this population. This limits understanding of the interplay between AKI and CKD in people with type 2 diabetes compared with the nondiabetic population.

Methods

In this retrospective, cohort study of participants with or without type 2 diabetes, we used electronic healthcare records to evaluate rates of AKI and various statistical methods to determine their relationship to CKD status and further renal function decline.

Results

We followed the cohort of 16,700 participants (9417 with type 2 diabetes and 7283 controls without diabetes) for a median of 8.2 years. Those with diabetes were more likely than controls to develop AKI (48.6% versus 17.2%, respectively) and have preexisting CKD or CKD that developed during follow-up (46.3% versus 17.2%, respectively). In the absence of CKD, the AKI rate among people with diabetes was nearly five times that of controls (121.5 versus 24.6 per 1000 person-years). Among participants with CKD, AKI rate in people with diabetes was more than twice that of controls (384.8 versus 180.0 per 1000 person-years after CKD diagnostic date, and 109.3 versus 47.4 per 1000 person-years before CKD onset in those developing CKD after recruitment). Decline in eGFR slope before AKI episodes was steeper in people with diabetes versus controls. After AKI episodes, decline in eGFR slope became steeper in people without diabetes, but not among those with diabetes and preexisting CKD.

Conclusions

Patients with diabetes have significantly higher rates of AKI compared with patients without diabetes, and this remains true for individuals with preexisting CKD.