bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Not) Part of the System: Resolving Epistemic Disconnect Through Archival Reference
Authors: Eadon. Yvonne M.
Published: October 2020

Information seeking practices of conspiracists are examined by introducing the new archival user group of “conspiracist researchers.” The epistemic commitments of archival knowledge organization (AKO), rooted in provenance and access/secrecy, fundamentally conflict with the epistemic features of conspiracism, namely: mistrust of authority figures and institutions, accompanying overreliance on firsthand inquiry, and a tendency towards indicative mood/confirmation bias. Through interviews with reference personnel working at two state archives in the American west, I illustrate that the reference interaction is a vital turning point for the conspiracist researcher. Reference personnel can build trust with conspiracist researchers by displaying epistemic empathy and subverting hegemonic archival logics. The burden of bridging the epistemic gap through archival user education thus falls almost exclusively onto reference personnel. Domain analysis is presented as one possible starting point for developing an archival knowledge organization system (AKOS) that could be more epistemically flexible.
Leonardo-Welten
Authors: Mittelstraß Jürgen
Published: October 2020

Kreativität und Innovation gehören zu den Schlüsselworten unserer Zeit. Ihre bevorzugten Wirklichkeiten sind Wissenschaft und Kunst. Wissenschaft und Kunst bilden Leonardo-Welten in dem Sinne, dass in ihnen, wie im Werk Leonardo da Vincis, die Frage beantwortet wird, wie das Neue in die Welt kommt – das Neue als das forschend Gesuchte und als das handanlegend Geschaffene. Zugleich geht es um das Verhältnis beider Leonardo-Welten zueinander, um das, was sie verbindet, und um das, was sie trennt.

Jürgen Mittelstraß sucht Wege zwischen den Welten von Kunst und Wissenschaft und verbindet im vorliegenden Buch erkenntnistheoretische und wissenschaftstheoretische Fragestellungen mit anthropologischen und, unter dem Stichwort Universität, institutionellen Fragestellungen. Bilder begleiten seine Überlegungen auf diesen Wegen, um das Darzustellende nicht nur zu Worte, sondern auch zur Anschauung zu bringen.
Applying Monte Carlo Simulation in New Tech
Authors: Yilmaz Levent
Published: October 2020

Monte Carlo in Monaco is given to the theory for mathematics, whose simulation process involves generating chance variables and exhibiting random behaviours in nature. This simulation is a powerful statistical analysis tool and widely used in both non-engineering fields and engineering fields for new perspectives. This simulation has been applied to diverse problems ranging from the simulation of complex physical phenomena such as atom collisions, to the simulation of river boundary layers as meanders and Dow Jones forecasting. It can deal with many random variables, various distribution types and highly nonlinear engineering models, while Monte Carlo is also suitable for solving complex engineering problems in two areas which are varying randomly. Monte Carlo simulation is given as an application for hydrogen energy potential determination.
Environmental Media and Associated Respiratory Defects
Authors: Saliu Ibiwumi , Akiomon Evangelisca
Published: October 2020

Environmental media majorly connotes abiotic components of the natural environment, namely, air, water and soil. Pollution to these media has resulted to a great deal of respiratory defects. Epidemiologic studies conducted in the U.S. and abroad provide evidence of associations between short and long-term exposure to fine particles in the air and both decrements in lung function growth in children and increased respiratory symptoms. Particles deposited in the respiratory tract in sufficient amounts induce lung inflammation, which has been demonstrated in both animal and controlled human exposure studies. More recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) also conducted an evaluation on the carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution in the respiratory tract, including particle pollution, and concluded that both are Group I agents (carcinogenic to humans). Air pollution has been given great priority as a causal factor for respiratory defects; meanwhile dust particles from contaminated soil could also cause a great havoc. Moreover polluted water is also a major causal pathway. According to world health organization (WHO) 80% diseases are waterborne. Though water is an important natural resource used for drinking and other developmental purposes in our lives but health risk associated with polluted water includes different diseases in which respiratory diseases are the major ones. Bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases are spreading through polluted water and affecting human health. Poliomyelitis virus is responsible for poliomyelitis, sore throat, fever, nausea, which are all due to polluted water.
Breastfeeding and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Najafian Bita , Hossein Khosravi Mohammad
Published: October 2020

Human breast milk (HBM) not only is a source of nutrition for infants but also contains a variety of biologically active components and bacterial species. These molecules and bacteria guide both intestinal microbiota and infantile immune system. Recently published studies have found several vital roles for gut microbiota including effects on the individual’s personality, decreased predisposition to the diseases, and a variety of other health-related consequences such as possible therapeutic effects or preventing role. In this chapter the components of human breast milk and its effect on shaping the human gut microbiota have been reviewed.
Operations Knowledge Management in Health Care
Authors: Svensson Ann , Hedman Eva
Published: October 2020

The aging population of the western world poses a medical challenge for the society of today and the future. The pressure on health care and its organization is increasing as the demand for health care is growing at the same time as the costs are continuously rising. There seems to be consensus regarding bottlenecks in health-care production systems, and that knowledge is needed in order to increase insights about operational decisions. This chapter is based on a qualitative case study conducted at a hospital in western Sweden. Eleven CEOs together with their production controllers were interviewed. The chapter aims to analyze knowledge management mechanisms in the infrastructure of a health-care organization. The analysis shows how mechanisms have significant impacts on the knowledge management practice in the operations management. A learning and knowledge creation culture, together with an organizational architecture for adaptive and exaptive capacity, and a business model for knowledge capitalization could support the production of smooth and effective health care in society, which is of high quality.
Value-Added Compounds with Health Benefits Produced from Cheese Whey Lactose
Authors: María Guevara-Alvarado Hada , Gutiérrez-Méndez Néstor , Carrillo-Pérez Esther , Vargas-Bello-Pérez Einar , Carlos Rodríguez-Figueroa José
Published: October 2020

Cheese whey (CW) is the yellow-green liquid main by-product from cheese manufacturing. Historically, it has been recognized as a major environmental pollutant. Nowadays, it represents a source of high-quality nutrients, such as lactose. Enzymatic bioprocesses, chemical synthetic reactions and microbial bioprocesses use lactose as substrate to obtain relevant derivatives such as lactitol, lactulose, lactosucrose, sialyllactose, kefiran and galacto-oligosaccharides. These lactose derivatives stimulate the growth of indigenous bifidobacteria and lactobacilli improving the intestinal motility, enhancing immunity and promoting the synthesis of vitamins. Also, they have versatile applications in pharmaceutical, biotechnological and food industries. Therefore, this book chapter shows the state of the art focusing on recent uses of CW lactose to produce value-added functional compounds and discusses new insights associated with their human health-promoting effects and well-being.
Proud Boys, Nationalism, and Religion
Authors: Kitts Margo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2020

The Proud Boys are an opportunistic hate group whose message of white male chauvinism is infused with religious and nationalist symbols. They fit into the global trend of religious nationalism in that they are driven by a reaction to religious pluralism, entertain atavistic yearnings, and celebrate a founding hero, Donald Trump. Enthralled with fistfighting, in both their initiatory rituals and their engagements with antifa groups, they delight in offending the genteel sensibilities they associate with the “white liberal elite.” They are proudly anti-Semitic, Islamophobic, and anti-feminist, but their list of enemies appears to be ever shifting, suggesting a toxic virility run amuck. While they are but one expression of an enduring European-American chauvinism, their celebration of masculinity resembles the masculinism and misogyny that arose in response to the Victorian era in the US.
Triple-Positive Breast Carcinoma: Histopathologic Features and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Zeng Jennifer , Edelweiss Marcia , Ross Dara S. , Xu Bin , Moo Tracy-Ann , Brogi Edi , D'Alfonso Timothy M.
Published: October 2020

Context.—

It is unclear whether HER2+ tumors expressing both estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), that is, triple-positive breast carcinomas (TPBCs), show unique morphologic and clinical features and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Objective.—

To study the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of TPBCs from patients who underwent NAC.

Design.—

We retrospectively reviewed core biopsy and post-NAC slides of 85 TPBCs. H-scores were calculated for ER and PR. HER2 slides and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) reports were reviewed. Residual cancer burden was calculated for post-NAC specimens.

Results.—

Eighty-one of the 85 tumors (95.3%) showed ductal histology, 3 (3.5%) were invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 (1.2%) showed mixed ductal and lobular features. A subset showed mucinous (n = 7, 8.2%), apocrine (n = 5, 5.9%), and/or micropapillary (n = 4, 4.7%) differentiation. Fifty-four TPBCs (63.5%) showed high ER expression (H-score >200), including 27 (31.8%) with high expression of ER and PR. Fifty-two tumors (61.1%) showed HER2 3+ staining. Mean HER2/CEP17 ratio by FISH was 3.6 (range, 2–12.2) and mean HER2 signals per cell was 8 (range, 3.7–30.4). Pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 35.3% (30 of 85). HER2 3+ staining was the only significant predictor of pCR on multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 9.215; 95% CI, 2.401–35.371; P < .001). The ER/PR expression did not correlate with response to therapy.

Conclusions.—

TPBCs are heterogeneous with some showing mucinous, lobular, or micropapillary differentiation. The pCR rate of TPBCs is similar to that reported for ER+/PR−/HER2+ tumors. HER2 overexpression by IHC was associated with significantly better response to therapy and may help select patients for treatment in the neoadjuvant setting.
A Possible Aristotle-Fragment in the b-Scholion on Illiad 22.94
Authors: Mayhew Robert
Published: October 2020

The b-scholion on Iliad 22.94 attributes a claim about a venomous snake (δράκων) to Aristotle’s On Animals. Likely because there is no obvious parallel text in Aristotle’s extant works on animals, the reference tends nowadays to be dismissed as inauthentic (though it was taken much more seriously in the 19th century). Further, the Aristotle reference has been consigned to a footnote in the standard edition of the Iliad scholia. This essay reassesses the scholion and considers as possible sources a few different works of Aristotle. It also suggests that the Aristotelian material – whatever its source – was brought in by Homeric scholars to support one side of a debate over the meaning of κακὰ φάρμακα.
Finansministeriet og makroøkonomiske regnemodeller: Et historisk rids
Authors: Kærgård Niels
Published: October 2020

Artiklen ser kritisk på kvaliteten af de senere års modelbygning og -debat sammenlignet med sen-80’ernes. Debatten er flyttet fra de økonomisk fagtidsskrifter til dagspressen; der er ikke længere en klar adskillelse af modelbyggere og mere politiske modelbrugere, og modelbygningen er ikke funderet i fagfællebedømt forskning, som ADAM var i Ellen Andersens disputats. Modellerne har ikke resulteret i en mere præcis økonomisk debat, men modelresultaterne er i stedet fejlagtigt blevet brugt som autoritet i politiske debatter.
Fremskrivninger og modelbrug i De Økonomiske Råds sekretariat
Authors: Grinderslev Dorte , Smidt John
Published: October 2020

I artiklen gives indledningsvist en kort introduktion til modellen SMEC’s opbygning og centrale egenskaber. SMEC har i mange år været anvendt af De Økonomiske Råds sekretariat som arbejdshest, når udviklingen i dansk økonomi er blevet analyseret. Herefter beskrives modellens brug til mellemfristede fremskrivninger, og det beskrives, hvordan disse fremskrivninger kobles med fremskrivninger baseret på DREAM til vurderinger af den langsigtede udvikling på de offentlige finanser.
Mellem modeller og virkelighed: Om Finansministeriets policy-redskaber og deres rolle i dansk politik
Authors: Tilsted Joachim Peter , Luscombe Phillip Kjær , Fuglsang Niels
Published: October 2020

Finansministeriet har de seneste år været genstand for megen debat vedrørende dets regnemetoder og disses rolle i lovgivningsprocessen. Ved at konceptualisere disse som policyredskaber og trække på en række eksempler og interviews analyserer og diskuterer artiklen den rolle, ministeriets redskaber spiller samt de institutionelle mekanismer, der gør dem i stand til at påvirke lovgivning og den politiske debat. Der argumenteres for, at deres institutionelle placering giver dem en unik rolle i det danske vidensregime.
Validation d’une échelle de résilience (CD-RISC 10) auprès de mères d’enfants victimes d’agression sexuelle
Authors: Jean-Thorn Arianne , Amédée Laetitia Mélissande , Paradis Alison , Hébert Martine
Published: October 2020

Objectifs : La présente étude a pour but de valider une version franco-canadienne de l’échelle de résilience Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC 10; Campbell-Sills & Stein, 2007; Hébert et al., 2018) auprès d’une population de mères d’enfants victimes d’agression sexuelle. Méthode : Un échantillon de 361 mères a été recruté dans différents centres d’intervention du Québec spécialisés en agression sexuelle. Les participantes ont complété le CD-RISC 10 ainsi qu’un questionnaire mesurant la détresse psychologique, les symptômes de stress post-traumatique et le sentiment d’empowerment pour évaluer les liens entre ces mesures et le CD-RISC 10. Résultats : Les résultats d’une analyse factorielle confirmatoire confirment une structure unifactorielle expliquant 62,49 % de la variance et les valeurs des indices de fidélité reflètent une bonne consistance interne (α = ,86; H = ,90; ω = ,89). Comme attendu, les scores sur l’échelle de résilience sont négativement corrélés à ceux aux échelles de symptômes de stress post-traumatique (r = - 0,24, p < ,01) et de détresse psychologique (r = - ,34, p < ,01), ainsi que positivement corrélés à la mesure du sentiment d’empowerment (r = ,30, p < ,01). Implications : Le CD-RISC 10 est un outil adapté et rapide qui permet d’évaluer adéquatement la résilience dans cette population clinique.
Building an analytical model of the lip seal profile
Authors: Zvonov Aleksandr Olegovich , Yanishevskaya Anna Genrikhovna
Published: October 2020

The subject of the research is lip seals with an elongated working part for sealing gaps with significant displacements of parts. There are many standard and catalog seals, but the increasing requirements for the maximum strokes of the mating parts require an expansion of the known series. This, in turn, requires more accurate calculations. The main reason for the failure of such seals is the loss of stability of their working part. The variant of action on external pressure seal is considered. This option is the most important, since the operating pressures are more than ten atmospheres, and the seal acts as an element of machine reliability. When pressure is applied from the inside of the seal, it acts as a boot or oil scraper, that is, it does not directly contribute to the reliability of the mechanism. The authors show the derivation of expressions for bending moments in the working part of the seal for the case taken. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the problem of calculating elliptic integrals in the expression for the bending moment is solved geometrically by representing the working part of the seal in the form of an elliptical ring. The main conclusion is that the existing computational techniques, when supplemented with the found expressions, make it possible to construct a complete lip seal profile of the considered configuration. The practical significance lies in the fact that the construction of profiles according to the considered method can be easily automated using the parameterization tools built into popular CAD systems.
FORMING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY COMPETENCESS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING STUDENTS IN ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Arapov V.M. , Egorova G.N.
Published: October 2020

Realization of the formed technical competences in innovative activities is shown. The basis of students’ innovative activities in engineering graphics training is the formation of research and invention competences, development of cognitive and creative activities of students. The learning research activity of students is understood as his/her independent activity resulting in obtaining new, not known before, knowledge under the scientific and methodological guidance of the teacher. The didactic principles are defined, organization and methodological issues, that provide the formation innovative competences of the future engineers, are considered. The expedience of pre-university graphical training of senior school students and annual monitoring of the working programs in the engineering graphics subjects is shown. Formation of the innovative competences can be based on the personal activity approach with application of the principles of independence, theory and practice link, scientificality, motivation, activity and variability.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNIRIES, AND PRACTICES
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kalabukhova G.V.
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes the procedures and systems for evaluating non-governmental forms of accreditation of educational programs on the example of professionalpublic accreditation practices. Approaches and criteria systems for professional and public accreditation of professional educational programs in the field of information technology (Council for professional qualifications in the field of information technology) was selected as sources of analysis.
BASIC DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCHES ON PEDAGOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Ala-Too International University, Kaldybaev S.K. , Esenalieva G.A. ,   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev
Published: October 2020

The article outlines the main directions of research on pedagogical assessment. The need for this is due to the growing pace of organization of practical and methodological work on assessing at various levels of the education system, the requirements of strategic and regulatory documents adopted in the republic in recent years. The interest in studying this direction is also caused by the results of international comparative studies conducted in Kyrgyzstan. The pedagogical community more and more clearly expresses the opinion that assessment is a problematic object of pedagogical research. Based on the study of the development trend of this concept, five areas of research on the problems of pedagogical assessment are distinguished.
LEADING PRINCIPLES FOR ORGANIZING PRODUCTIVE COLLABORATION AMONG STUDENTS TO IMPROVE THEIR SOCIAL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Chechnya State University, Selimkhanov M.S.
Published: October 2020

The formed social experience of the university graduate will allow him/her to be in more demand on the labor market, especially in the field of management of various organizations. However, most students show difficulties in understanding the complex structure of social relations. It is therefore necessary to utilize the potential of training cooperation in the training process. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the leading principles of organizing productive cooperation between students. The empirical and theoretical research allowed to reveal the following principles: sharing responsibility for the results of teamwork; flexibility of students' role position based on the goals of activities; environmental friendliness of interpersonal and business relations in the process of educational cooperation; activation of external cooperation in the process of industrial practice and increase of students' involvement in scientific activities.
Transcriptome analysis of diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa
Authors: Bian Wen , Liu Xiaozhen , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Hanyao
Published: October 2020

Triploid Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr., Salicaceae) has stronger advantages in growth and better stress resistance and wood quality than diploid P. tomentosa. Using transcriptome sequencing technology to identify candidate transcriptome-based markers for growth vigor in young tree tissue is of great significance for the breeding of P. tomentosa varieties in the future. In this study, the cuttings of diploid and triploid P. tomentosa were used as plant materials, transcriptome sequencing was carried out, and their tissue culture materials were used for RT-qPCR verification of the expression of genes. The results showed that 12,240 differentially expressed genes in diploid and triploid P. tomentosa transcripts were annotated and enriched into 135 metabolic pathways. The top six pathways that enriched the most significantly different genes were plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signalling pathway-plant, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the betalain biosynthesis pathway. Ten growth-related genes were selected from pathways of plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms for RT-qPCR verification. The expression levels of MDH and CYCD3 in tissue-cultured and greenhouse planted triploid P. tomentosa were higher than those in tissue-cultured diploid P. tomentosa, which was consist ent with the TMM values calculated by transcriptome.
Virtual Reality Digital Twin for a Smart Factory
Authors:   University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, Romania, Deac Gicu-Călin , Georgescu Crina-Narcisa , Laurentiu Popa Cicerone , Emil Cotet Costel
Published: October 2020

This paper describes authors’ research in developing collaborative virtual reality applications as an interface for monitoring big data by creating a digital twin of the factory and sync the movement of virtual machines with the real ones. The platform allows an interactive reading of the sensor telemetry and processes data, maintenance information and access to a large technical library. For data acquisition and reports, a novel image data method was used. The data values that are encoded as pixel colors of images, using different encoding methods for each data type (text, integer, float, Boolean) are also encrypted using an image as a symmetric encryption key and are stored in the cloud in a time base folder structure, assuring a better data compression, security and speed, compared with the existing solutions based on JSON and NoSQL databases. The platform allows the remote access from the VR environment to the machines consoles and allows parametrization and remote commands.
Copper Ferrite Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Cross-coupling Reaction to Form Diindolylmethane (DIM): Effect of Experimental Parameters
Authors: Nguyen Oanh T.K. , Pha Ha Trong , Khoa Huynh Dang , Nguyen Duy Chinh , Tam Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: October 2020

Superparamagnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles were utilized as a heterogenous catalyst for the cross-coupling reaction of indole to form 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) as the desirable product. High reaction yield, at around 82%, was achieved under optimal conditions. The CuFe2O4 material could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field and could be reutilized several times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. We also showed that no sites of catalyst material leached into reaction solution was detected. To our best knowledge, the above cross-coupling reaction was not previously conducted under catalysis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Study of the Interaction of Heavy Metals (Cu(II), Zn(II)) Ions with a Clay Soil of the Region of Naima-Tiaret-Algeria
Authors: Mohamed Taibi , Abdelkader Elaziouti , Nadjia Laouedj , Abdelkader Dellal
Published: October 2020

The RM (RM stands for the pristine clay) collected from sites in the Naima-Tiaret-Algeria and its purified phase TM (TM stands for the treated clay) were characterized using XRF, XRD, FT−IR, SEM−EDX, and DC electrical conductivity techniques. The as-prepared clays were used as potential adsorbents for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ metals ions. Highly purified clay TM, exhibiting a basal, spacing of 25.83 Å and CEC of 51 meq/100 g, was obtained. The type of interstratified I/M in the studied sites is S=1, based on the calculation method of Watanabe. The percentage of illite type S=1 is between 80−85% illite. The adsorption equilibrium was established in 60 min with the capacities of 28.57 and 24.39 mg/g for Cu2+ onto RM, 32.25 and 4.95 mg/g for Zn2+ in the presence of TM. D-R isotherm model was more suitable with the adsorption process than Freundlich and Langmuir models suggesting the ion exchange nature of the retention mechanism in most cases (E > 8 kJ/mol). Pseudo second-order model best described the kinetics of adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism was mainly monitored by ion exchange mechanism between exchangeable interlayer cations (Na) in the interstratified I/M and Cu2+ or Zn2+ metals from aqueous matrix. Further, the release of H+ ions from the edge of the layer structure in acidic environments promote the adsorption of heavy metals onto the surfaces interstratified I/M clay soils via electrostatic attraction. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
CD study of the actin DNase I complex
Authors: Ajtai Katalin , Venyaminov S.Yu.
Published: July 2002

DNase I, a specific actin binding protein, forms a stable complex with actin. CD spectroscopy was used to study the question whether the structure of actin and DNase I in their complex are identical with those of the individual components. Far and near UV analysis was used to study the secondary structure and the environment of aromatic chromophores. CD spectroscopic results on actin, DNase I and on their complex in solution are presented which show that no structural change takes place as a result of actin—DNase I complex formation and indicate the absence of aromatic chromophores on the interface of the actin and DNase I in their complex. CD spectroscopy proved to be a convenient technique for studying the interactions between actin and actin binding proteins in solution.
Mouse invariant chain γ exhibits structural homology to both polymorphic subunits of the α,β‐core complex of I‐Ak antigens
Authors: Reske Konrad , Zecher Reinhard , Stenger Elisabeth
Published: July 2002

The 3 major constituents of the I‐Ak subregion‐associated complex α, β and γ were obtained from splenocytes in homogeneous form by differential isolation methods. α, β and γ were compared on the primary structural level by enzymatic fragmentation procedures and tryptic peptide map analysis of radiolabeled proteins. The data indicate that the invariant chain γ exhibits extensive structural homology to the polymorphic β‐light and the α‐heavy chain. Thus, although not being encoded within the MHC γ appears to belong structurally to the MHC‐encoded class II proteins.
Chemical modification of Cys‐374 of actin interferes with the formation of the profilactin complex
Authors: Malm Bo
Published: July 2002

Actin
Profilin
Profilactin
Pyrenyl actin
Actin polymerization
Sulfhydryl group
Thermodynamic limits to the stoichiometry of H+ pumping by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
Authors: Murphy M.P. , Brown G.C. , Brand M.D.
Published: July 2002

H+/O stoichiometries of 0, 2 and 4 have been proposed for cytochrome oxidase. Here we show that a stoichiometry of 4 is thermodynamically impossible for rat liver cytochrome oxidase under normal conditions.
Protein thiols in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix
Authors: Slater T.F. , Bajardi F. , Benedetto C. , Bussolati G. , Cianfano S. , Dianzani M.U. , Ghiringhello B. , Nöhammer G. , Rojanapo W. , Schauenstein E.
Published: July 2002

Protein‐thiol groups that react with dihydroxydinaphthyl disulphide during a 7 h incubation (so‐called reactive protein thiols, PSHr) have been quantitatively measured on sections of human uterine cervix by microcytospectrophotometry. Measurements were made on areas (1 μm2) of epithelium and adjoining stroma in samples of normal cervix, and in samples obtained from patients with dysplasia, carcinoma‐in‐situ and invasive cancer. The ratio of PSHr in epithelium to stroma is substantially reduced in the pathological conditions compared with normal and in apparently normal adjacent areas. Such changes in PSHr are discussed in relation to the redox balance of the tissue, and free radical disturbances previously described.
Chain folding in the dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase components of the 2‐oxo‐acid dehydrogenase complexes from Escherichia coli
Authors: Packman Leonard C. , Perham Richard N.
Published: July 2002

The state of assembly of the pyruvate and 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes was examined after the dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase (E2) component of each enzyme system had been subjected to varying degrees of limited proteolysis. Dissociation of the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) component accompanied specifically the excision of a homologous segment of each E2 chain that connects the N‐terminal lipoyl domain(s) with a C‐terminal catalytic domain. The latter remains aggregated as a 24‐mer and retains its capacity to bind the 2‐oxo‐acid decarboxylase (E1) component. The relevant segment of the E2o chain from the 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex was isolated and shown to be a folded protein which still binds to E3.
The cDNA‐deduced primary structure of human sex hormone‐binding globulin and location of its steroid‐binding domain
Authors: Hammond G.L. , Underhill D.A. , Smith C.L. , Goping I.S. , Harley M.J. , Musto N.A. , Cheng C.Y. , Bardin C.W.
Published: July 2002

We have sequenced a cDNA for sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) isolated from a phage λgt 11 human liver cDNA library. The library was screened with a radiolabeled rat androgen‐binding protein (ABP) cDNA, and the abundance of SHBG cDNAs was 1 in 750 000 plaques examined. The largest human SHBG cDNA (1194 base‐pairs) contained a reading frame for 381 amino acids. This comprised 8 amino acids of a signal peptide followed by 373 residues starting with the known NH2‐terminal sequence of human SHBG, and ending with a termination codon. The predicted polypeptide M
r of SHBG is 40 509, and sites of attachment of one O‐linked (residue 7) and two N‐linked oligosaccharide (residues 351 and 367) chains were identified. Purified SHBG was photoaffinity‐labeled with Δ6‐[3H]testosterone and cleaved with trypsin. The labeled tryptic fragment was isolated by reverse‐phase HPLC, and its NH2‐terminal sequence was determined. The results suggest that a portion of the steroid‐binding domain of SHBG is located between residue 296 and the 35 predominantly hydrophilic residues at the C‐terminus of the protein.
▽EPhe4‐enkephalin analogs Delta receptors in rat brain are different from those in mouse vas deferens
Authors: Shimohigashi Yasuyuki , Costa Tommaso , Pfeiffer Andreas , Herz Albert , Kimura Hitoshi , Stammer Charles H.
Published: July 2002

Conformationally restricted enkephalin analogs containing E‐cyclopropylphenylalanine (▽
E
Phe), [D‐Ala2, (2R,3S)‐▽
E
Phe4,Leu5]enkephalin and its (2S,3R) isomer, were evaluated in receptor‐binding assays using rat brain and in assays using muscle preparations. The (2S,3R) isomer was almost completely inactive in all assays. In contrast, the (2R,3S) isomer showed a very high affinity for the δ and a very weak affinity for the μ receptors in rat brain. The extent of δ affinity and the selectivity of this isomer were almost equal to those of [D‐Pen2,D‐Pen5]enkephalin. However, the (2R,3S) isomer was inactive in both the mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum assays, and showed no antagonistic activity in these tissues. These results indicate that the (2R,3S) isomer interacts with the δ receptors in rat brain, but not with those in the mouse vas deferens, and they suggest that the δ receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems are different from each other.
Mechanically induced electrical responses in murine mammary epithelial cells in primary culture
Authors: Enomoto Koh-ichi , Furuya Kishio , Maeno Takashi , Edwards Charles , Oka Takami
Published: July 2002

In mouse mammary epithelial cells in primary culture, mechanical stimulation of a cell induced in other cells within the same colony a short depolarization of less than 15 m V with a duration of 1–8 s and a subsequent, prominent hyperpolarization of 6 m V lasting 10–40 s. Epidermal growth factor induces a spontaneous hyperpolarizing response in cultured mammary cells, and in cells treated with EGF mechanical stimulation produced a greater hyperpolarization, while the amplitude of the depolarizing response was not affected. The amplitude of the mechanically induced hyperpolarization was markedly reduced by quinine and tetraethylammonium, blockers of the Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel. The results suggest that the Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel was involved in the hyperpolarization.
Complementary addressed modification of double‐stranded DNA within a ternary complex
Authors: Fedorova O.S. , Knorre D.G. , Podust L.M. , Zarytova V.F.
Published: July 2002

Double‐stranded DNA containing a d(pG)18·d(pC)18 sequence was shown to be selectively alkylated in the vicinity of this fragment using the 5′‐p‐(N‐2‐chloroethyl‐N‐methylamino)benzylamide of deoxyribooligocytidylate, CIRCH2NH(pdC)
n
(n = 9, 15), in conditions favouring triple‐stranded complex formation.
Palmitoyl‐CoA inhibits the mitochondrial inner membrane anion‐conducting channel
Authors: Halle-Smith S.C. , Murray A.G. , Selwyn M.J.
Published: July 2002

Palmitoyl‐CoA is shown here to inhibit the pH‐dependent anion‐conducting channel (IMAC) in the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria, with half‐maximal inhibition at 2.4 μM. It has little effect on the transport of ribose, thiocyanate and glutamate. Palmitic acid and palmitoyl‐carnitine stimulate the entry of all the above metabolises. CoASH and carnitine have no effect on chloride uniport. Palmitoyl‐CoA and the IMAC may have a role in controlling thermogenesis in liver mitochrondria.
Selective decrease in low‐Mr HMG proteins HMG I and HMG Y during differentiation of mouse teratocarcinoma cells
Authors: Vartiainen Eija , Palvimo Jorma , Mahonen Anitta , Linnala-Kankkunen Annikka , Mäenpää Pekka H.
Published: July 2002

We have studied the presence of high‐mobility‐group (HMG) chromatin proteins in undifferentiated F9 mouse teratocarcinoma cells and F9 cells, which were induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid and dibutyryl‐cAMP for 5 days. Acetic acid/urea‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reversed‐phase HPLC revealed that the induced F9 cells contained 77 and 62% less HMG I and HMG Y, respectively, than their untreated counterparts. The relative amounts of two other low‐M
r HMG proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 remained essentially unchanged and only a minor decrease was observed in the content of one of the high‐M
r HMG proteins, HMG 2. The identity of the low‐M
r HMG proteins was verified by amino acid analysis or partial sequencing. These results suggest that HMG I and HMG Y are HMG proteins specific for undifferentiated cells.
The effect of cell synchronization on the efficiency of stable gene transfer by electroporation
Authors: Yorifuji Tohru , Tsuruta Satoru , Mikawa Haruki
Published: July 2002

We synchronized thymidine kinase deficient mouse Ltk− cells by two different methods, hydroxyurea double‐block treatment or aphidicolin single‐block treatment and transformed them with the cloned herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene at various time intervals by the electroporation technique. Marked enhancement of stable transformation efficiency was observed at the time corresponding to the peak of G2/M phase. These results suggest that the G2/M phase is the most efficient period for stable gene transfer by electroporation.
Interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor increase phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein
Authors: Kaur Paramjit , Welch William J. , Saklatvala Jeremy
Published: July 2002

Interleukin 1α and tumour necrosis factor‐α stimulated phosphorylation of three 27 kDa phosphoproteins in MRC‐5 fibroblasts which was sustained for up to 2 h after adding the cytokines. All three phosphoproteins were immunoprecipitated by a specific antiserum to the small mammalian heat shock protein, hsp 27. The three phosphoproteins from stimulated or control cells contained phosphoserine but not phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine. Similar increases in phosphorylation of immunoprecipitable 27 kDa proteins were seen in U937 cells stimulated by TNFα and Hep G2 cells stimulated by IL 1α.
The promoter regions of the T‐cell receptor V9 γ (TRGV9) and V2 δ (TRDV2) genes display short direct repeats but no TATA box
Authors: Dariavach Piona , Lefranc Marie-Paule
Published: July 2002

Promoter region; Receptor, γ T‐cell; Receptor, δ T‐cell; Gene, variable; Transcription; (Human)
Palladium(II)‐coproporphyrin I as a photoactivable group in sequence‐specific modification of nucleic acids by oligonucleotide derivatives
Authors: Fedorova O.S. , Savitskii A.P. , Shoikhet K.G. , Ponomarev G.V.
Published: July 2002

The 34‐mer oligodeoxynucleotide was shown to be selectively modified at the G17 position upon photoirradiation in the presence of complementary 17‐mer oligodeoxynucleotide bearing Pd(II)‐coproporphyrin I covalently linked to the 5'‐end phosphate group.
Expression of scinderin, an actin filament‐severing protein, in different tissues
Authors: Tchakarov L. , Vitale M.-L. , Jeyapragasan M. , Del Castillo A.Rodriguez , Trifaró J.-M.
Published: July 2002

Scinderin is a calcium‐dependent actin filament‐severing protein recently discovered in the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla. In view of the wide tissue distribution of gelsolin, another actin filament‐severing protein, experiments were performed to determine the tissue expression of scinderin. Extracts prepared from different bovine tissues were tested by actin‐DNase I Sepharose 4B‐binding procedure and immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting with scinderin and gelsolin antibodies. Among the tissues tested, scinderin was found to be present in the adrenal medulla, brain, anterior and posterior pituitaries, kidney, salivary gland and testis. Scinderin was not found in liver, plasma, skeletal and heart muscles. Gelsolin was expressed in all of the above tissues. The results suggest that scinderin seems to be restricted to tissues with high secretory activity.
Identities of four low‐molecular‐mass subunits of the photosystem I complex from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413
Authors: Ikeuchi Masahiko , Nyhus Karin J. , Inoue Yorinao , Pakrasi Himadri B.
Published: July 2002

Photosystem I (PSI) complex of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 consists of at least 11 subunits, 9 of which are resolved by high resolution gel electrophoresis. N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the four subunits with molecular masses of 6.8, 5.2, 4.8 and 3.5 kDa were determined. Based on the sequence homology, the 3.5 kDa subunit was revealed to correspond to PSI‐I (the gene product of psaI), which had so far been detected only in higher plant PSI complexes. The 6.8 kDa protein and 4.8 kDa protein were identified as gene products of psaK and psaJ, respectively. The 5.2 kDa protein was homologous to a 4.8 kDa subunit of PSI of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus vulcanus, suggesting that this protein is a component of PSI in cyanobacteria.
Thimerosal causes calcium oscillations and sensitizes calcium‐induced calcium release in unfertilized hamster eggs
Authors: Swann Karl
Published: July 2002

Calcium‐induced‐calcium‐release (CICR) was assayed in unfertilized golden hamster eggs by injecting Ca2+ and monitoring Ca2+‐dependent hyper‐polarizing responses (HRs) and Ca2+‐sensitive fluo‐3 fluorescence. Incubating eggs in the sulfhydryl reagent thimerosal caused [Ca2+]1 oscillations as monitored by Ca2+‐dependent HRs and decreased approximately 10‐fold the Ca2+ injection current required to generate an HR and cause a large intracellular Ca2+ increase. Thimerosal also enhanced the sensitivity of eggs to Ca2+ injection in a calcium‐free medium. The effects of thimerosal on CICR were prevented by dithiothreitol and were not mimicked by injecting inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate. The data suggest that thimerosal may be an alternative agent for studying CICR in caffeine‐insensitive cells.
Mutation of an evolutionarily conserved tyrosine residue in the active site of a human class Alpha glutathione transferase
Authors: Stenberg Gun , Board Philip G. , Mannervik Bengt
Published: July 2002

Human class Alpha glutathione transferase (GST) A1—1 has been subjected to site‐directed mutagenesis of a Tyr residue conserved in all classes of cytosolic GSTs. The change of Tyr8→Phe lowers the specific activities with three substrates to 2–8% of the values for the wild‐type enzyme. The changes in the kinetic parameters k
cat/K
max, V
max and S0.5 show that the decreased activities are partly due to a reduced affinity for glutathione. The effect is reflected in lowered k
cat values, suggesting that the hydroxyl group of Tyr8 is involved in the activation of glutathione. The proposal of such a role for the Tyr residue has support from the 3D structure of a pig lung class Pi GST [Reinemer et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 1997–2005]. Thus, Tyr8 appears to be the first active site residue established as participating in the chemical mechanism of a GST.
Cloning of the D‐lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus by complementation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bernard Nathalie , Ferain Thierry , Garmyn Dominique , Hols Pascal , Delcour Jean
Published: July 2002

A strain of Escherichia coli (FMJ144) deficient for pyruvate formate lyase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was complemented with a genomic DNA library from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. One positive clone showed LDH activity and production of D(−)lactate was demonstrated. The nucleotide sequence of the D‐LDH gene (ldhA) revealed the spontaneous insertion of an E. coli insertion sequence IS2 upstream of the gene coding region. The open reading frame encoded a 333‐amino acid protein, showing no similarity with known L‐LDH sequences but closely related to L. casei D‐hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (D‐HicDH).
The primary structure of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) agglutinin A two‐domain member of the hevein family
Authors: Beintema Jaap J. , Peumans Willy J.
Published: July 2002

The primary structure of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) agglutinin has been determined by sequence analysis of peptides obtained from three overlapping proteolytic digests. The sequence of 89 residues consists of two hevein‐like domains with the same spacing or half‐cystine residues and several other conserved residues as observed earlier in other proteins with hevein‐like domains, The hinge region between the two domains is four residues longer than those between the four domains in cereal lectins like wheat germ agglutinin.
The cDNAs coding for the α‐ and β‐subunits of Xenopus laevis casein kinase II
Authors: Jedlicki Ana , Hinrichs Maria Victoria , Allende Catherine C. , Allende Jorge E.
Published: July 2002

Using a λgt10 cDNA library obtained from Xenopus laevis oocytes and probes derived from the known sequences of the human and Drosophila genes, a cDNA coding for the α‐subunit of the X. laevis casein kinase II was isolated. The coding sequence of this clone determines a polypeptide of 350 amino acids. The X. laevis sequence is 98% identical to the human and rat proteins in the first 323 amino acids. Using the polymerase chain reaction to generate a 370‐nucleotide‐long probe, it was possible to clone and sequence a cDNA of 900 nucleotides that coded for the X. laevis β‐subunit of casein kinase II. The derived protein sequence is 215 amino acids long and again shows an extraordinary degree of conservation with other species.
Regions of β4·β2 subunit chimeras that contribute to the agonist selectivity of neuronal nicotinic receptors
Authors: Figl Antonio , Cohen Bruce N. , Quick Michael W. , Davidson Norman , Lester Henry A.
Published: July 2002

Fifteen chimeric nicotinic receptors β subunits were constructed consisting of N‐terminal neuronal β4 sequences and C‐terminal β2 sequences. Responses to cytisine, nicotine, or tetramethylammonium were compared to acetylcholine responses for these subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes with α3 subunits. The results show that (i) two residues in the extracellular domain of chimeric β4·β2 subunits (108β2F/β4V, 110β2S/β4T) account for much of the relative cytisine sensitivity; and (ii) four extracellular residues of chimeric β4·β2 subunits (112β2A/β4V, 113β2V/β4I and 115β2S/β4R, 116β2Y/β4S) account for most of the relative tetramethylammonium sensitivity. The data did not permit localization of nicotine sensitivity to any particular region.
Glycogen metabolism in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi1) disruption mutant
Authors: Corominas Josep , Clotet Josep , Fernández-Bañares Isabel , Boles Eckhard , Zimmmermann Friedrich K. , Guinovart Joan J. , Ariño Joaquín
Published: July 2002

Disruption of the gene pgi1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for phosphoglucose isomerase, results in a dramatic increase in the amount of intracellular glycogen in early exponential cultures. The level or glucose 6‐phosphate was much higher in mutant than in wild‐type cells. Phosphorylase a activity and the state of activation of glycogen synthase were also investigated. Phosphorylase a activity was rather low along the culture in wild‐type cells, whereas it was consistently higher in mutants. Glycogen synthase was mostly in the active form in early‐medium exponential cultures in wild‐type cells whereas the activation state of this enzyme in mutant cells, although lower at the earlier steps of the culture, did not differ from wild‐type cells at later stages. The fact that the intracellular levels of UDP‐glucose are markedly increased in mutant cells suggest that the observed accumulation of glycogen results from a rise in substrate availability rather than from the activation of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the polysaccharide.