bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report Tuberculosis of The Prostate: Findings of Post Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) Procedure
Authors: Cahyani Kadek Mien Dwi , Yaniswari Ni Made Dwita , Novitasari Novitasari
Published: March 2022

Background: Prostate tuberculosis (PTB) is one of extra pulmonary tuberculosis which potentially has more frequent fatal complications and more severe quality of life deterioration. It is a very rare disease, with prevalence of 2.6% of all urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB). Prostate tuberculosis may be a sexually transmitted disease and leads to sexual dysfunction. Case: Male, 54 years old, with urinary retention, dysuria, flank pain in the last 1-month, recurrent urinary tract infection in the past 1 year and decrease body weight of 8 kg in 1 month. Physical examination demonstrates enlarged prostate. Patient was referred to Wangaya Hospital with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and suspect malignancy. After underwent clinical and supporting examination, patient underwent TURP procedure. Histopathology examination revealed PTB. Patient was then treated with first line anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD). Discussion: Multiple risk factors are involved in TB disease. PTB spread occur through hematogenous, lymphatic, or direct routes. Clinical features and supporting examinations of PTB are non-specific. Diagnosis often made through incidental histology finding post TURP. Standard ATD regiment administered based on World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. Duration can be prolonged due to suboptimal concentration to prostate tissue. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary approach for extra pulmonary TB is needed. Thorough history taking, and high index of suspicion are important aspects. PTB diagnosis should be considered in patients with recurrent lower urinary tract symptoms refractory to standard therapy in TB endemic area.
Covid-19 Patient Condition at Early Pandemic in Jakarta
Authors: Putra Andika Chandra , Wiyono Wiwien Heru , Alatas Mohammad Fahmi , Fairuz Aulya , Fransiska Fransiska , Bermawi Bettia , Moniqa Ratna , Koncoro Hendra , Pramono Laurentius Aswin , Sulistio Maria Edith , Ramzi Ramzi , Sinto Robert , Hamonangan Rachmat , Irianti C. Krismini Dwi , Sumargono JB Endrotomo
Published: March 2022

Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has become a pandemic. It became apparent that COVID-19 transmitting from person to person. The clinical manifestations and characteristics of COVID-19 encompassing from asymptomatic infection until severe pneumonia and death. This study aimed to describe and compare the characteristics between COVID-19 suspected patients and confirmed patients at an early pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Data were collected from March to April 2020 using the electronic health record reporting database, initial laboratory tests, and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 results. There were 58 subjects: 43 COVID-19 confirmed patients and 15 COVID-19 suspected patients. Results: Male was found predominantly in COVID-19 confirmed patients than female. The mean age of confirmed patients was 49,6 years old. Nearly half of the confirmed patients had comorbidities namely hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Fever and cough were the most common presenting symptoms, and they were also found in suspected patients. Confirmed patients tended to have lymphopenia and neutrophilia. Pulmonary infiltrate was the most common feature in both confirmed and suspected patients. Conclusion: There were no significant differences found between COVID-19 confirmed and suspected cases regarding demographic characteristics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, physical examination results, laboratory tests, and chest x-ray results. COVID-19 confirmed patients had a history of exposure to COVID-19 confirmed patients.
Inflammatory Markers upon Admission as Predictors of Outcome in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Antariksa Budhi , Burhan Erlina , Susanto Agus Dwi , Alatas Mohamad Fahmi , Taufik Feni Fitriani , Sari Dewi Yennita , Soehardiman Dicky , Putra Andika Chandra , Samoedro Erlang , Putra Darmawan Ibrahim Nur Insan , Afidjati Hera , Alkaff Muhammad , Rogayah Rita
Published: March 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause dysregulation of the immune system, leading to hyperinflammation. Inflammatory markers can be used to predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. This research was aimed to investigate the association between the levels of various inflammatory markers and mortality in COVID-19 patients.Methods: This study was conducted at Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Indonesia. Blood tests were performed upon admission, measuring the C-reactive protein, PCT, leukocyte, differential counts, and platelet count. The outcome measured was the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Statistical analysis methods included the Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and area under the curve (AUC) test.Results: Total 110 patients were included, and the laboratory values were analyzed to compare survivors and non-survivors. The non-survivor group had significantly higher leukocyte count, lower lymphocyte count, higher CRP and PCT levels, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lower lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio. As predictors of mortality, AUC analysis revealed that PCT, CRP, NLR, and PLR had AUCs of 0.867, 0.82, 0.791, and 0.746, respectively.Conclusions: Routine and affordable inflammatory markers tested on admission may be useful as predictors of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization.
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio as A Marker of COVID-19 Disease Severity in Banda Aceh
Authors: Efrina Devi , Priyanto Herry , Andayani Novita , Arliny Yunita , Yanti Budi
Published: March 2022

Background: Patients with severe COVID-19 always coincide with high mortality rate, meanwhile, inflammatory immunity parameters in COVID-19 infection such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) reflect the infection progress. These are used by clinicians for early identification of patients at high risk or to determine when it is a serious disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of NLR as a marker of COVID-19 pneumonia severity.Method: This study was conducted using a retrospective cross-sectional analytical design at the Regional General Hospital of DR. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh from June to September 2020. Patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection, chest x rays, examination of blood samples at admissions such as leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and NLR were extracted from medical record data. The patients were divided into four groups according to the disease severity, namely mild, moderate, severe and critical.Result: A total of 105 medical records were collected for COVID19 patients, meanwhile, 51 to 70 years was the largest age group (60.8%) with twice male than female. Moreover, fever, cough, shortness of breath and weakness are the most common symptoms found in treated patients while almost two-thirds of the patients have bilateral pneumonia. Generally, the levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, NLR were found to increase while the levels of lymphocytes decreased, in addition, more than half of the COVID19 patients were severe. There was a strong relationship between an increase in NLR levels and COVID-19 disease severity (95% CI, α: 0.05, p = 0.001)Conclusion: Based on the results, NLR is applicable as an early inflammatory marker which reflects severe and critical COVID19 infection and also suitable as an objective basis for early identification and management of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Gender Disparities in Their Effects on Characteristics and Prognostics of Lung Cancer Patients in Pulmonary Ward of Dr. M Djamil Hospital, Padang
Authors: Ermayanti Sabrina , Afriani Afriani , Nikmawati Sari , Russilawati Russilawati , Medison Irvan , Suyastri Suyastri
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung cancer incidence in female tends to increase in many countries. Various studies have reported the characteristics of lung cancer in female are different from male. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender on characteristics of lung cancer at Dr. M Djamil Hospital, Padang.Methods: A retrospective analytic study of lung cancer patients treated in the Pulmonary Ward of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2017, with recognized cancer cell types. Data were grouped according to gender.Results: This study found that 451 lung cancer patients, male-dominant 77.8%. Female were younger than male (52.97 ± 12.79 years vs. 57.81 ± 11.23 years; p = 0.00). Most of male (94.5%) were smokers and former smokers, while 93.9% of female were non-smokers (p = 0.00). Most female were having prior history of tuberculosis (TB) (21.2% vs 11.0%; p = 0.008) and also prior history of other organs cancer (10.1% vs 3.4%; p = 0.007) than in male. Squamous cells were highest in males (41.1%), while females had adenocarcinoma (55.0%); with p = 0.008. Advanced stage in female more than male (91.8% vs 82.7%; p = 0.027). The mean life expectancy of female was longer than male, respectively 8.74 ± 1.56 and 7.29 ± 0.64 months; (p = 0.95).  Conclusion: There are differences in the epidemiology of lung cancer between male and female in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang in the form of age, cell type and staging. Non-smokers, a previous history of TB and a history of cancer in other organs were more dominant in female.
The Efficacy of Remdesivir in Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Its Safety on COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fauziyyah Afifah , Rahmasari Ratika , Sauriasari Rani
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Remdesivir in reducing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and its safety for antiviral therapy in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment.Methods: This systematic review used data sources from the PubMed, ProQuest, SpringerLink, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases for relevant observational and interventional studies during August 2020 to August 2021. Studies evaluating Remdesivir in adults hospitalized for COVID-19 were included in this review. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.Results This review found 9 studies that were relevant to the study objectives. In total, 1,088 patients participated as subjects. Three studies demonstrated the effect of remdesivir in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. Six studies demonstrated that remdesivir was safe for use in a variety of baseline conditions (patients on hemodialysis and patients receiving kidney transplantation), had no significant hepatotoxicity, did not increase the risk of acute kidney injury, and did not increase eGFR or systemic symptoms in patients taking remdesivir.Conclusion: Remdesivir has been shown to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load and was safe for use as antiviral therapy in the treatment of COVID-19, but an assessment of randomized controlled trial for the effect of Remdesivir on viral load reduction was not available yet.
Analysis of Comorbidity and Its Association with Disease Severity and Mortality Rate in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Christanto Anthony , Listyoko Aditya Sri , Putra Ngakan Putu Parsama
Published: March 2022

Background: Comorbidity is a major factor in determining the outcome of COVID-19. However, existing studies regarding comorbidities and the disease severity and mortality of COVID-19 are mostly based on studies in the whole community, and not on those admitted to hospitals. This study aims to determine the demographic profile of comorbidities among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in tertiary care referral hospitals and its association with disease severity and mortality. Methods: We analyzed the data from 60 laboratory-confirmed patients in our hospital in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia from March 12th, 2020 to June 5th, 2020. We describe the demographic profile of the patients and perform statistical analysis to determine its relationship to disease severity and mortality. Results: The majority of the study samples (66.7%) were categorized as having a severe disease. Thirty-seven samples (61.7%) had at least one comorbidity. The mortality rate among the study population is 30.0%, and 37.8% among those with comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (40.0%), followed by heart failure (35.0%) and diabetes (25.0%). There is a statistically significant relationship between the presence of comorbidities and disease severity and between disease severity and mortality (p<0.05). Diabetes was the only comorbidity with a significant relationship towards mortality in our study (p<0.05, OR 4.0 95% CI 1.16-13.74). Conclusion: Comorbidities are associated with worse disease severity and death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
How Elonis Failed to Clarify the Analysis of "True Threats" in Social Media Cases and the Subsequent Need for Congressional Response
Authors: Opila Jessica
Published: March 2022

Social media and other internet communications have altered the way people communicate with one another, including the way people threaten one another. In 2015, the United States Supreme Court decided Elonis v. United States, which imposed a heightened mental state requirement for federal prosecutions of threats issued in interstate commerce. Although the statute, 18 U.S.C. § 875(c), has no mental state requirement, the Supreme Court held that, consistent with the principles of criminal law, only those with guilty minds should be convicted and thus some showing of subjective intent is required. The opinion did not name the requisite mental state, but concluded that negligence was insufficient. In addition, the opinion did not discuss the First Amendment issue at all, making it entirely unclear whether the Court thinks a heightened mental state is required by the First Amendment’s narrow exception to free speech for “true threats.” Following the opinion, the lower courts are tasked with determining both what is the appropriate mental state and determining if this mental state sufficiently protects speech under the First Amendment.

The case law surrounding Elonis reveals a bigger problem in this area: the lack of an appropriate criminal statute punishing threatening communications in a world where internet communication is increasingly frequent. Communication through social media or other internet media is different from face-to-face communication because the anonymity allows for people to say things they might not be comfortable saying in person, and the unique attributes of social media platforms (e.g. “likes,” or “retweets”) allow for a different type of communication about one’s opinions and thoughts. This Note will argue that Elonis demonstrated the current level of confusion in this area of the law and the appropriate next step is for Congress to pass legislation geared toward internet threats that is specifically tailored for social media and other internet communication and that identifies the mental state required for conviction. First, this Note explores the statute currently used to prosecute internet threats and the problems that Elonis created. Next, it addresses why the Court’s failure to explain the First Amendment’s relation to subjective intent and “true threats” further confuses an already muddled area of law. The Note then evaluates the possible mental state requirements and the academic and legal arguments regarding which is most appropriate for online threats. Finally, this Note calls for Congress to step into the online threat arena, and draft legislation that will more adequately address the unique characteristics of social media and other internet communications, and find the best way to aid law enforcement in internet threat prosecutions and protect citizens who are threatened in this new space.
Exclusion in Digital Markets
Authors: Stylianou Konstantinos
Published: March 2022

This article recasts the existing analytical framework on exclusion to account for the technology-intensive nature of digital markets. It discusses:

a) technological ways that affect the competitive intensity in digital markets
b) empirical data on the durability of competitive advantage in digital markets, and
c) the nature of exclusion as a monopolization tactic from a technological point of view

The technology element is important because as a matter of order it is technological capabilities and limitations that define what the transactional overlay can be, not the other way around. Economists start from the pre-assumption that “in the beginning there [are] markets,” but in markets where the high technology element is prominent, which market actors, transactional interactions, and options are available, and under which conditions, is largely dependent on what is technically possible.
Why the Copyright Act Expressly Preempts State-Level Public Performance Rights in Pre-1972 Recordings
Authors: Fahringer James
Published: March 2022

Over the past several years, two former bandmates in the 1960s rock group, The Turtles, have initiated several lawsuits against the popular music streaming services, Pandora and Sirius XM, arguing that the band owns common law copyrights in the sound recordings of its songs, and that these state-level copyrights grant the band an exclusive public performance right in its sound recordings. If accepted, this argument has the potential to significantly distort federal copyright policy because states would not be constrained by any of the balancing features of the Copyright Act, including Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) safe harbors for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), statutory licenses under 17 USC § 114, or even the limitations, such as fair use, in §§ 107 through 122.

In spite of how detrimental state-by-state copyright policymaking could be to Congress’s policy choices embodied in the Copyright Act, federal courts have not applied any form of preemption that would prevent states from legislating at will in this area, because § 301(c) appears to contain a disavowal of preemption for any state law dealing with pre-1972 sound recordings. This note advances an interpretation of § 114(a) that would expressly preempt state-level public performance rights in pre-1972 sound recordings as well as an interpretation of §301(c) that would greatly narrow the scope of the disavowal of preemption, allowing federal courts to strike down state laws that severely distort federal copyright policy.
Cryptocurrency and the Myth of the Trustless Transaction
Authors: Bratspies Rebecca
Published: March 2022

This article interrogates the claim that trust can be replaced with blockchain technology. Part I begins with an introduction that provides an overview of the trust issues surrounding cryptocurrency. Part II then outlines the role that trust plays in a financial market more generally, focusing specifically on the trust embedded in what cryptocurrency supporters derogate as a ‘fiat’ currency. Part III introduces the blockchain, as well as Bitcoin and cryptocurrency more generally. Part IV then tests the claims that Bitcoin eliminates the need for trust against real-world experiences of Bitcoin holders and markets. This section disaggregates the blockchain technology itself from how actual people typically use Bitcoin or any of the follow-on cryptocurrencies. It documents the many points at which cryptocurrencies shifts the locus of embedded trust, rather than eliminating the need for such trust. Finally, Part V concludes that rather than replacing trust, cryptocurrencies instead require users to repose their trust in less transparent, less reliable and less accountable parties. The ultimate message is that caveat emptor should be a consumer watchword and that users should understand that many legal protections they take for granted may not apply when purchasing cryptocurrency.
One-dimensional numerical analysis for the porosity impact of open-cell metal foam on the effective thermal properties of PCMs
Authors:   Ministry of science and technology/ Directorate of materials research /Baghdad, Saeed F. R , Mahmood N. B , Jasim M. A
Published: March 2022

Metal foam has found its way in many engineering industries due to its ability to improve the heat transfer rate in thermal applications. Thermal energy storage based on phase change materials (PCMs) have significant importance as a part of renewable energy sources, and thermal management applications, However, low thermal conductivity is the essential drawback associated with the PCMs, especially the organic type of it, such as paraffin. Various experimental and numerical studies performed to test the effect of using metal foam with PCMs, in order to improve PCMs thermal conductivity. Many models suggested for evaluating the effective thermal conductivity of high porosity open cells metal foam, which immersed in base fluids of low thermal conductivity such as air, water, and PCMs. This work achieved numerically by using different models for calculating the effective thermal properties of metal foam with various range of porosities impregnate in paraffin. The study discussed the temperature distribution, which control the heat transfer rate, the behavior of temperatures versus time, and improvements in the melting front phase of the paraffin, under the effect of copper metal foam of various porosities and by applying different models, for estimating the effective thermal conductivity. The results exhibit an augmentation in the effective thermal conductivity with porosity decreasing. The outputs showed paradoxical results using the presented models and the differences between them have been discussed.
Cybersecurity capacity building of human capital: Nations supporting nations
Authors: Ramim Mical Michelle , Hueca Angel
Published: March 2022

Capacity building of human capital can be described as the experience, knowledge, skill sets, and intangible assets that add economic value to individuals and the organizations they work for. With the ever-growing gap in cybersecurity skill sets, it is essential to have a shared understanding of the necessary current skills and what those skills represent in the form of human capital to not only individuals, but also the organizations they work for. As nations around the world are struggling with the increased dependencies on Information Systems (IS) and the massive cybersecurity incidents resulting from adversaries, it is evident that cybersecurity human capital is the key in overcoming such challenges. With that said, while major players fighting cyber adversaries such as the United States (U.S.) and other western nations are struggling with their own significant cybersecurity human capital shortage, less developed nations are even further challenged. For example, African nations continue to acquire and implement ISs, the pace in which these technologies are adopted outnumbers the rate at which the skills to protect these technologies are captured. In this study we introduce the concept of cybersecurity human capital at the national level in the African region, as well as specific steps necessary to develop and embed current cybersecurity skills in cybersecurity human capital. We discuss the challenges faced by Sub-Saharan African nations in the journey to develop their cybersecurity human capital at the national level. An overview of the programs developed by the U.S. Department of State’s Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues is provided across three case studies.
Improving the Fractional Order PID Controller Performance with an Energy Storage System for Photovoltaics
Authors: Boghdady Tarek A. , Alamer Ali J. , Hassan M. A. Moustafa ‎ , Seif A. A.
Published: March 2022

A PhotoVoltaic (PV) dependent maximum power point tracking controller is used, modeled, and assessed. It includes a study of system components and their modelling. The model is then tested and validated using more than one method. This article focuses on increasing energy extraction in grid-connected PV and isolated systems, damping system oscillations, and reducing its settling time. Tuning the PID controller and the fractional order PID controller is a challenging task that can be carried out by trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols method, or by optimization techniques. In this article; genetic algorithms and whale optimization algorithms are being used here to obtain desired controller response by minimizing the objective function. The objective function is the integral square error. A PV is proposed to use a Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller then compared to its conventional PID controller. The results show that the output power has a faster response and eliminates oscillations around the maximum power point under steady-state conditions. The results confirm that the proposed controller with an energy storage system has improved energy extraction. All simulations were carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
A GLOBAL GLANCE AT COVID-19 EDUCATION PROCESS AND CONSIDERING TURKEY’S COVID-19 RESPONSE
Authors: DEMİR Seda
Published: March 2022

Corona virus disease which spread around the world from China where it emerged in the early months of the year 2020, is a severe, fatal and highly infectious disease mostly resulting in severe acute respiratory and related syndrome. In this context, following school closures, millions of students needed to catch up with the rest of the curriculum on-line or continue learning within the distant guidance of their instructors through social media tools, do various on-line assignments, study extentially from other on-line sources alternatively on their preferences. The study aims at detailing the aforementioned process for K-12 education in the world in contrast with Turkey. The study has specified some common distance education and that education response on Turkey was highly active compared to many others. The findings and inferences can lead the education specialists help their governments create smoother and more in-line situations for distance education for “new-normal” processes .
İŞ YERİNDE DIŞLANMA ÖLÇEĞİNİ ÖĞRETMENLER İÇİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: KURUM Gül , ERDEMLİ Özge
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ferris, Brown, Berry ve Lian (2008) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan İş Yerinde Dışlanma Ölçeğini (Workplace Ostracism) okullarda görev yapan öğretmenler için Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması 1’e (İBBS-1) göre belirlenmiştir. İBBS-1’e göre 12 bölgeye ayrılan Türkiye’nin her bölgesinden kamu ilkokul, ortaokul ve lisesinde görev yapan 343 öğretmen çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Ölçek uyarlama sürecinde öncelikle dil geçerliği için uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Ölçeğin dilsel eşdeğerliği korelasyon analiziyle sağlanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği ise açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile incelenmiştir. AFA sonuçlarına göre ölçek orijinalindeki gibi 10 maddelik tek boyutlu yapıyı sağlamıştır. DFA ile bu tek faktörlü yapının model uyum indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirleyebilmek amacıyla madde toplam korelasyonundan, Cronbach alpha katsayısından ve test tekrar test yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Bu hesaplamalara göre ölçek iç tutarlığı sağlanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda İş Yerinde Dışlanma Ölçeğinin Türkiye’de öğretmenlerin dışlanma davranışlarının araştırılması için güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER EĞİTİMİ ALANINDA EDEBÎ ÜRÜNLERLE İLGİLİ HAZIRLANAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GEZ Aslıhan , ÇİNPOLAT Enes
Published: March 2022

Araştırma, sosyal bilgiler eğitimi alanında hazırlanan ve edebî ürünlerin ele alındığı lisansüstü tezlerin özelliklerini içerik analizi ile incelemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yaklaşımına uygun süreç izlenmiştir. Araştırma materyallerini Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezinin web sitesinden ulaşılan konu ile ilgili 55 lisansüstü tez oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler içerik analizi türlerinden kategorisel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan bulgulara göre şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Edebî ürünler ile ilgili tezlerin en fazla 2019 yılında hazırlandığı ve bu tezleri çoğunlukla yüksek lisans tezi olduğu görülmüştür. En fazla tez Marmara Üniversitesi ve Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi bünyesinde hazırlanmıştır. En fazla tez danışmanı doktor unvanındadır. Yüksek lisans tezleri daha çok nitel yöntemle, doktora tezleri ise karma yöntemle hazırlanmıştır. Örneklem türlerinde en fazla ilkokul veya ortaokul öğrencileri ve materyaller (belge) tercih edilmiştir. Tezlerde en fazla hikâye/öykü türüne yoğunlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca fabl, eleştiri, fıkra (gazete), sohbet, röportaj, gezi yazısı, günlük, anı, mektup, nutuk, mülâkat yazı türlerinin olduğu çalışma bulunmamıştır. Anahtar kelimelerde en fazla “sosyal bilgiler”, “değer (eğitimi, öğretimi)”, “sosyal bilgiler öğretimi” kullanılmıştır.
A Study on Post Vaccination Symptoms after First and Second Dose of vaccine in Western UP and Delhi NCR.
Authors:   Professor, Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India., N Sharma , Singhal S ,   Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this Study was to analyze the post vaccination symptoms after first & second dose of vaccine in Western UP and Delhi NCR. The study was conducted on the individual who have been administered either single or double dose of currently approved and Indian vaccine namely Covaxin and Covishield. It is found that vaccinated individuals are protected against symptomatic COVID-19 infection and severe progression. Internet has played an important role in our lives during the last decades and provides us information about twothird of world population at a single click. The current study was designed taking the advent of internet. The major criteria and parameters for the present study includes centre of vaccine administration, occupation of the participants besides the age and sex were also considered.
1883 Osaka Protestan Misyonerleri Konferansı: Japonya’da Hristiyanlığın Yayılmasının Önündeki Engeller Konusu
Authors: Deveci Hülya
Published: March 2022

1858’de Japonya’nın limanlarını uluslararası ticarete açmasından bir yıl sonra Batılı Protestan misyonerler ülkeye gelerek liman kentlerde Hristiyanlığı yayma faaliyetlerine başlamıştır. Misyonerler, Japonya’da 1639’dan beri devam eden Hristiyanlık yasağından dolayı faaliyetlerini gizlilikle yürütmüştür. Yapılan diplomatik görüşmeler neticesinde 1873’te ülkedeki bütün Hristiyanlık yasağı son bulmuş ve misyonerlerin faaliyetlerinin önündeki önemli bir siyasi engel ortadan kalkmıştır. 1883 yılına kadar misyonerler, sağlık, eğitim, dil vb. alanlarda yürüttükleri faaliyetlerle, Japonların Hristiyanlığa yönelik önyargılarını kırabilmiştir. Kurdukları okul, hastane ve kiliselerle, Japonya’da Hristiyanlığın temellerini atmıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde faaliyetlerini yürütmelerine rağmen ülkede Hristiyanlığın anlaşılmasını zorlaştıran, yayılmasına engel olan durumlar onların önemli sorunu haline gelmiştir. Bu sorunlar, 1883’te Japonya’da bulunan tüm Protestan misyoner topluluklarından seçilen üyelerin Osaka’da bir araya geldiği konferansta detaylıca tartışılmıştır. Bu makalede 1883 Osaka Protestan Misyonerleri Konferansı analiz edilerek Batılı Protestan misyonerlerin gözünden Japonya’da Hristiyanlığın yayılmasının önündeki engeller konusu incelenmiştir.
A Feminist Reading of Limon and Zeytin: Motherhood and Gender Roles
Authors: Ateşci Koçak Betül , Katlan Damla
Published: March 2022

The analysis of motherhood and gender roles has been one of the most crucial concerns for feminist theory. Throughout history, the conventional understanding of gender roles has resulted in the oppressed women in society. There are also the repercussions in parents’ roles in marriages mostly resulting in inequality in the division of labour due to the internalized roles that see men superior to women. This belief has affected and directed numerous marriages as a false model where the woman is loaded with all the domestic work as a housewife and man is the sole breadwinner who is exempted from domestic work and has loose connections also with childcare, which is also included in domestic affairs. As the wife and thus mother becomes the projected figure, it becomes quite hard to mention the possibility of the division of labour in marriages because conventional marriages favour the established understanding that only or predominantly mothers are responsible for childcare and housework and that fathers should be distanced from this process. Turkish cartoonist Salih Memecan’s comic books Annem, İşte Benim Annem and Sihirli Annem are among the comics portraying examples of the problems about the division of domestic work in marriages. Drawing an example of a rather long-established perception of gender roles within a family sphere, the author comes up with a marriage where the name and place of the wife figure, Çıtçıt (May) is quite diminished. Taking its departure from the ideas of the second-wave feminism, the purpose of this paper is to study Salih Memecan’s comic books Annem, İşte Benim Annem and Sihirli Annem in the light of feminist theory. Çıtçıt (May) and Babişko (Bubs) will be analyzed shedding light on their duties as parents and as a couple with regards to gender roles.
Tahsin Yücel ve J.G. Ballard’ın Gökdelen Romanlarında Fiziksel ve Toplumsal Sınırlar
Authors: Alp Pamuk Çiğdem
Published: March 2022

David Harvey, Postmodernliğin Durumu adlı eserinde, kentsel yaşam ve şehir planlaması hakkında farklı görüşlere sahip yazarlardan bahseder. Örneğin modernist mimari anlayışı eleştiren Jane Jacobs, kenti kitlesel üretim ve tüketim ağları tarafından yağmalanmış olumsuz bir yapı olarak görürken, postmodern bakış açısına sahip olan Jonathan Raban şehri birbirinden farklı sosyal toplulukların etkileşimine olanak veren bir düzen olarak değerlendirmektedir. J.G. Ballard’ın Türkçe’ye Gökdelen olarak çevrilen High-Rise adlı eseri ve Tahsin Yücel’in Gökdelen romanı, modern kenti toplumsal etkileşime imkân sağlayan bir yapı olarak görmekten çok farklılıkları yok eden, insani ilişkileri engelleyen, bireylerin kendilerine ve dış dünyaya yabancılaşmalarına neden olan bir düzen olarak yansıtmaktadır. Yücel’in distopik eserinde gökdelenler varlıklı insanlara ev sahipliği yaparken, yoksullar aşağıda zor şartlar altında çalışmaktadır. İş bulamayan ve açlıkla mücadele eden “yılkı adamları” ise İstanbul’un dışına giderek dağlara sığınmak zorunda kalmıştır. Ballard’ın distopik romanı da hızla betonlaşan bir dünyada sakinlerine huzur ve mutluluk vaat eden gökdelenlerin aslında insanları nasıl vahşileştirdiğini vurgular. Kitabın ana karakterleri, 1970’lerin Londra’sında, dış dünyayla temas kurmadan tüm ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecekleri gökdelenlerden oluşan lüks bir sitede yaşamaktadır. Görünüşte ütopik bir düzene sahip olan bu sitede gerçekte alt, orta ve üst katlarda oturanlar arasında gün geçtikçe şiddeti artan bir gerilim vardır. Yücel ve Ballard gökdelenler aracılığıyla modernist anlayışla tasarlanmış şehirlerdeki ahlaki çürümeye dikkat çekerler ve kentsel mekânların nasıl fiziksel ve toplumsal sınırlar oluşturabileceğini vurgularlar.
Borders of Memory, Life-writing and the Self: Penelope Lively’s Making it Up
Authors: Atilla Aylin
Published: March 2022

Yaşam-Anlatıları, Bellek ve Benliğin Sınırları: Penelope Lively’nin Making It Up Adlı Romanı

Edebi yaşam-anlatılarındaki dönüşümler ve yüzyıllar boyunca otobiyografik kurmacadaki gelişmeler dil, benlik ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiye veya değişen ideolojiler ve inanışlar, sosyal gelişmeler ve insan psikolojisindeki yeni yaklaşımlara bağlı olarak çeşitli şekillerde açıklanabilir. Yirmi birinci yüzyıl İngiliz Edebiyatında otobiyografi, biyografi ve kurmacanın sınırlarının geçişli olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu gelişmeler ve kuramlara göre, benlik kavramı da temsil, inşa ve yeniden yaratı süreçlerinden geçen ve anlatıyla da somutlaşan bir sorunsal olarak karşımıza çıkar. Çağdaş İngiliz yazarı, Penelope Lively, Making It Up (2005) adlı romanının önsüzünde, yazma girişimini psikiyatri terminolojisinde “hayali anıların hikâye edilerek yaratılması”(konfabülasyon), “hafıza bozukluğunun bıraktığı boşlukların doldurulması” gibi psikiyatri terim ve açıklamalarla tanımlamaktadır (Lively: 2005, 2). Yazar kitaptaki her bölümde, önce anılarını tarihe bağlamlandırıyor, daha sonra “hayali alternatifler” üretiyor ve sonunda bu ikisi arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıyor. Penelope Lively, kitabını, anılara-karşı ya da “karşı anı kitabı” olarak adlandırıyor. Ona göre, seçim ve olasılık arasında karşılaştırma yapan yazar, yaratıcılık ve sözün büyüsüyle kendini yeniden inşa eder. Lively, yazın hayatı boyunca, kimliği yeniden tanımlama sürecinde, bellek ve anlatının yaratıcı potansiyelini de tartışmış bir yazar olarak edebi kimliğini şekillendirmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Making It Up (2005)‘ın çoklu bakış açılarının ve olası anı/yaşantıların yeniden gözden geçirilmesini amaçlaması yanı sıra, yaşam-anlatılarının benliği yeniden yaratmanın bir yolu olduğunu önerdiğini göstermektir. Bu yaratı sürecinde bellek ve dil her zaman sınırları çizecektir.
Türkiye’de Germanistik Alanında Yürütülen Karşılaştırmalı Çalışmalar
Authors: Aras İnci , Kızıler Emer Funda
Published: March 2022

Antik dönemden Rönesans’a kadar edebi eserlerin değerini belirlemek amacıyla başvurulan karşılaştırma yöntemi, ulusal filolojilerin ötesine uzanmayan çalışmaların popülerliğini yitirdiği günümüzde önem kazanmıştır ve Avrupa-merkezlilikten uzaklaşarak kültürel çalışmalara odaklanmıştır. Bu durum ulusal filoloji bölümlerinin de kendi içlerini kapalılıklarından uzaklaşıp ulusalüstü çalışmalarına zemin hazırlamıştır. Nitekim günümüz küresel çağında elzem hale gelen ötekinin dünyasını tanıma zorunluluğunun bir sonucu olarak akademik camiadaki kürsüsünü geç de olsa ilk kez 1996 yılında İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi’nde, ardından sırasıyla Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi ve Mersin Üniversitesinde elde eden komparatistik, sadece bu kürsülerin çalışmalarına sınırlı kalmamış, ulusal filolojilerin çalışma alanında da kendine yer bulmuştur.
Bu çalışmada, komparatistiğin dünyada ve Türkiye’de tarihsel gelişimini, kapsamını, temsilcilerini, kuramsal temelini ele alan bu çalışmada komparatistiğin Germanistik alanındaki yerini tespit etmek amacıyla milenyuma girdiğimiz son yirmi bir yıldan günümüze kadar Türk Üniversiteleri bünyesindeki Germanistik bölümlerinin lisansüstü programlarında tamamlanan karşılaştırmalı edebiyat çalışmaları taranmıştır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Tez Merkezi’nde kayıtlı lisansüstü tezlere ilişkin gerçekleştirilen bu tarama sonucunda dünyadaki hızlı gelişimine rağmen Türkiye’de sadece İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi ve Mersin Üniversitesi ile sınırlı kalan komparatistiğin, son yirmi yıldan itibaren ulusalüstüleşmeye meyleden Alman filolojisi alanında yaygınlık kazandığı, hatta Germanistiğin ulusalı ulusal olmayanla sentezleyen “Ulusal ve Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat” olmaya doğru evrilmeye başladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Türk Germanistiği bünyesindeki yüksek lisans ve doktora programlarda tamamlanan karşılaştırmalı çalışmalara ilişkin bir kronolojik bir bibliyografya sunan bu çalışma, 2000-2020 yılları arasında komparatistiğin Germanistik alanındaki gelişimini gözler önüne sermesi nedeniyle komparatistiğin ulusal filolojilerdeki yeri ve öneminin tespitine ilişkin ileride yapılacak başka çalışmalara temel oluşturacak niteliktedir.
Poetische Alterität als Interkulturalität auslösendes Element am Beispiel von Yoko Tawadas Werk Talisman
Authors: Türk M. Sami
Published: March 2022

Im Gegensatz zu der pauschalen Annahme, interkulturelle Literatur sei eine Literatur, die von Schriftstellern betrieben bzw. erzeugt wird, welche einem anderen Sprach-, und somit Kulturraum als die entstammen, erstrebt dieser Beitrag eine klarere Definition. Es wird versucht, festzustellen, was ein literarisches Produkt zu einem interkulturellen Werk macht und welche Aspekte ihm zugrunde liegen. Wenn erst einmal eine solche Definition festgelegt wird, geht der Beitrag zu dem der Alterität über. Indem die Alterität als das Fremde oder das Andere konstatiert wird, wird ihr Bezug auf die Literatur erleuchtet und dadurch gelangt der Beitrag zu einer spezifischeren Alterität, und zwar zum Poetischen in ihr. Darunter versteht dieser Beitrag, dass der literarische Text zwar an sich auch ein Text ist, jedoch einer, der durch seine Andersheit konstituiert wird. Denn er weicht durch Benutzung verschiedener Mittel vom normalen Sprachgebrauch ab. Auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage basiert dann die Analyse des Werkes Talisman der japanischen Autorin Yoko Tawada. Durch eine Mehrzahl an Beispielen werden das interkulturelle Element und die poetische Alterität in diesem Werk herausgearbeitet. Interessant wird hierbei, wie auf die Eigenheiten der deutschen Sprache vom Standpunkt einer Fremden aufmerksam gemacht wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt dann dadurch, wie das als interkulturell zu bezeichnende Werk das Eigene beleuchtet und dafür sorgt, dass es besser verstanden wird. Das ermöglicht die Desautomatisierung der Wahrnehmung. Das bis dahin Übliche und Gewöhnliche wird entfremdet, was dazu führt, dass es bewusster wahrgenommen wird. Der Beitrag kommt neben dieser Schlussfolgerung auch zu einer weiteren, dass man durch dieses Verständnis nämlich auch das Andere besser kennenlernt und wahrnimmt.
Türkiye-İsrail İlişkileri (1990-2000)
Authors: Koğ Yusuf
Published: March 2022

II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Avrupa ve ABD ile ilişkiler, Sovyetler ile olan gerilimlerin Türkiye’nin bölgesel politikalarını etkilediği görülmektedir. Özellikle ABD ile ilerletilen ilişkiler, Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerine de yansımıştır. Başlangıçta Türkiye-İsrail ilişkileri bölgesel durumlar ve siyasi konjonktürden kaynaklı gelişmeler nedeniyle ilerleme gösterememiştir. 1949 yılında Türkiye’nin İsrail’i tanımasıyla başlayan Türkiye-İsrail ilişkileri, 1990’lı yıllara kadar İsrail’in Orta Doğu’da barış ve istikrarı olumsuz etkileyen politikaları ve şiddet eğilimli tavırları nedeniyle inişli çıkışlı bir seyir izlemiştir. Bu süre zarfında bölgenin önemli bir aktörü olan Türkiye ile İsrail’i karşı karşıya getiren ve ikili ilişkileri derinden etkileyen gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Bunlar arasında 1956 Süveyş Krizi, 1967 ve 1973 yıllarında yaşanan Arap-İsrail Savaşları ve 1970’li yıllarda Türkiye’nin Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü ile olan yakın ilişkileri gibi gelişmeler sayılabilir. Literatürde, Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerinde 1990’lı yıllar ikili ilişkilerin zirve yaptığı dönem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu dönemde ABD’nin arabuluculuğunda başlatılan İsrail-Filistin barış görüşmelerinin etkisi ile Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerinin ilerlemesi, diplomatik ilişkilerin yeniden büyükelçilik seviyesine çıkarılarak Tel Aviv büyükelçiliğine Ekrem Güvendiren’in atanması, diplomasi alanında yeni bir dönemin kapısını aralayan önemli gelişmelerdir. Diplomatik ilişkileri geliştiren iki ülkenin bundan sonra ilişkilerde “stratejik ortaklık” deyimini tercih ederek siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik alanlarda peşi sıra gelen antlaşmalar ile ilişkileri hızla geliştirdikleri görülmektedir. İlişkilerin bu denli gelişmesine ve ilgi çekici bir hal almasına rağmen, literatürde dönem ile ilgili arşiv ve gazete kaynaklı çalışmaların yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle 1990-2000 yılları arasında yaşanan gelişmelerden hareketle dönemin geniş bir perspektifte incelenmesi ve kayda değer bir incelemenin ardından ikili ilişkilerin ortaya konulması elzem görülmüştür. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı’nda bulunan Cumhuriyet Arşivi belgelerinden, Cumhuriyet Gazetesinden ve konu ile ilgisi olan tez ve makalelerden yararlanılarak, 1990-2000 yılları arasında gelişen Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerinin siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik yönleri ele alınmıştır.
Türkiye-İsrail İlişkileri (1948-1960)
Authors: Erkaya Fatma
Published: March 2022

Yahudi Milliyetçiliği olarak isimlendirilen Siyonizm hareketi Yahudilerin Filistin’de bir devlet kurma fikrini savunmaktadır. Yahudiler bu amaçlarını gerçekleştirebilmek için 1897’den itibaren çeşitli faaliyetlere başlamışlardır.İlk olarak Osmanlı Devleti nezdinde toprak talepleri faaliyetlerine girişen Yahudiler istedikleri sonucu alamamışlardır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında, Filistin bölgesinin İngiliz hâkimiyetine geçmesi üzerine 1917 yılında yayınlanan Balfour Deklarasyonu ile Filistin’de bir Yahudi Devleti kurma fikri hız kazanmıştır.Savaştan sonra bölgenin İngiliz mandasına verilmesi ile Yahudiler bölgede yerleşme faaliyetlerini artırmaya başlamışlardır. Bu durum Araplar tarafından tepkiyle karşılanmış ve iki taraf arasında çatışmalar yaşanmıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından, İngilizlerin 27 yıl boyunca süren manda yönetimini sona erdirmeleri ile 14 Mayıs 1948 tarihinde İsrail’in kuruluşu ilan edilmiştir. Bu süreç tüm dünya basınında olduğu gibi Türk basınında da dikkatle takip edilmiştir. Bölgesel ve uluslararası gelişmeler ışığında Türkiye, Müslüman ülkeler arasında İsrail’i tanıyan ilk devlet olmuştur. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasına Türkiye’nin Batılı Devletler ile olan ilişkileri ve ABD’nin Türkiye-İsrail arasındaki ilişkilerin geliştirilmesi yönündeki çabaları etki etmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı her iki ülkenin tarihinde önemli bir periyod olan 1948-1960 döneminde Türkiye-İsrail ilişkilerini incelemektir. Türkiye’nin İsrail Devleti ile ticari olarak istikrarlı, siyasi olarak inişli çıkışlı ilişkilerinin bulunduğu bu dönemin basın perspektifinden incelenerek daha iyi anlaşılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışma esnasında, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı’nda bulunan arşiv vesikalarından, dönemi kapsayan Cumhuriyet Gazetesi yayınlarından ve konu ile ilgili olan bilimsel araştırma ve kitaplardan istifade edilmiştir.
The Psychological Condition of Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Referral Hospital in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Said Asbath , Novianti Asri Dwi , Risky Sartini
Published: March 2022

Background: A significant increase in positive cases in Indonesia has increased the number of health care personnel, nurses, and physicians who have been exposed to COVID-19, which creates a unique psychological burden for health professionals.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the psychological responses of health professionals and anxiety/depression in the hospital by using the Fear of COVID-19 scales and the Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale (HADS), respectively.
Methods: The method is quantitative with a cross-sectional survey approach using an online questionnaire. A total of 207 health professionals working at the COVID-19 referral hospital are selected as participants.
Results: The result of the Pearson correlation test showed that the highest fear level of health professionals against COVID-19 was 41.5 %, while the most anxiety and depression levels are at the usual level of 76.3 % and 60.4 %, respectively. There is a direct relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety and depression, with significant values of 0.000 and 0.026, respectively.
Conclusions: This research shows the significance of paying close attention to the psychological state of health professionals during a pandemic. As a result, the government must support their mental health by providing counselling with more accurate and up-to-date information.