bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expanding our understanding of long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England (2001–19) using two age–period–cohort approaches
Authors: Opazo Breton Magdalena , Henney Madeleine , Kersbergen Inge , Brennan Alan , Holmes John
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

Alcohol consumption has decreased in England in recent decades, while alcohol‐specific death rates have remained relatively stable. Age–period–cohort (APC) models offer the potential for understanding these paradoxical trends. This study aimed to use an APC model approach to measure long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England from 2001 to 2019.

Design, setting and participants

The study used grouped and proxy‐variable APC models of repeat cross‐sectional survey data, set in England (2001–19). Participants were residents in England aged 13 years or over who took part in the Health Survey for England.

Measurements

Outcome variables were alcohol abstention and consumption in units. We created nine age groups (13–15, 16–17, 18–24, 25–34, until 65–74 and 75+, reference 45–54 years), four periods (2001–04, 2005–09, 2010–14 to 2015–19, reference 2005–09) and 18 5‐year birth cohorts (1915–19 to 2000–04, reference 1960–64). We proxied age effects (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), period effects (alcohol affordability, internet usage and household alcohol expenditure) and birth cohort effects (prevalence of smoking and prevalence of overweight).

Findings

The odds of abstaining were considerably larger at young ages, 13–15 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.50–6.43], were lowest during the first period, 2001–04 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79–0.86) and had a U‐shaped pattern by birth cohort. For units of alcohol, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) increased until age 18–24 years (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34–1.48) and decreased afterwards, were highest during the first period, 2001–04 (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05–1.08) and showed an inverted J‐shape by birth cohort. Our proxy variable approach revealed that using blood pressure measures, alcohol affordability and prevalence of overweight as proxies resulted in APC effects that differed from our base‐case model. However, internet usage, household expenditure on alcohol and smoking prevalence resulted in APC effects similar to our base‐case model.

Conclusions

The discrepancy between decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing alcohol‐related deaths observed in England from 2001 to 2019 may, in part, be explained by the halt in abstention trends since 2010 and a slight consumption decline since 2001.
Association between miRNAs in serum at 10–14 gestational weeks and spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Wikström Tove , Kim Sung Hye , Leverin Anna‐Lena , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Jacobsson Bo , Valentin Lil , Bennett Phillip R. , Terzidou Vasso , Hagberg Henrik
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Preterm delivery (PTD) is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Cervical shortening detected by ultrasound can be used to predict PTD, but prediction is not perfect, and complementary diagnostic markers are needed. Recently, specific plasma microribonucleic acid (miRNAs) detected in early second trimester were shown to be associated with spontaneous PTD in high‐risk women with a singleton pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent these miRNAs are associated with spontaneous PTD and cervical length in a general population.

Material and Methods

This study is a nested case–control study within the CERVIX study. The CERVIX study evaluated the ability of cervical length screening with transvaginal ultrasound to identify women at risk of PTD. In the present study, women who delivered spontaneously <34 weeks (n = 61) were compared with a control group of women who delivered at full term (39 + 0 to 40 + 6 gestational weeks, n = 205). Archived serum samples were analyzed with RT‐qPCR for miRNA expression levels of let‐7a‐5p, miR‐150‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p, miR‐185‐5p, miR‐191‐5p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐23a‐3p, miR‐374a‐5p, and miR‐93‐5p. The mean relative expression was compared between the groups. Sub‐analyses were performed for women delivering <32, <30, and <28 weeks vs the full‐term group.

Results

The analyzed miRNAs were not significantly differentially expressed in women delivering <34 weeks compared to those delivering at full term. MiR‐191‐5p and miR‐93‐5p were significantly overexpressed in women who delivered <32 weeks, and further increase in fold change was observed with decreasing gestational age at delivery. The level of miR‐15b‐5p was significantly higher in women delivering at <30 weeks compared to those delivering at full term.

Conclusions

Our study shows that overexpression of miR‐93‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p, and miR‐191‐5p in serum at early gestation is associated with spontaneous PTD in a general population. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential of these miRNAs as future biomarkers for spontaneous PTD, as well as their pathophysiological role in spontaneous PTD.
Prevalence and prognosis of patients with MASLD‐related cirrhosis after an ICU hospitalization in France: A single‐centre prospective study
Authors: Sultanik Philippe , Lherault Guillaume , Bouzbib Charlotte , Ratziu Vlad , Pais Raluca , Mouri Sarah , Thabut Dominique , Rudler Marika
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)‐related cirrhosis has been increasing these last decades. There are no data regarding the prevalence of MASLD‐related cirrhosis in intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

Prospective single‐centre study in a cohort of patients hospitalized in the ICU of Hepatology La Pitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital between January 2019 and September 2021. We analysed three groups of patients: MASLD‐cirrhosis (alcohol ≤210 g for men and 140 g weekly for women), ALD (alcohol‐related liver disease, alcohol>140 g weekly for women or >210 g for men)‐cirrhosis alone and MetALD (metabolic and alcohol‐related liver disease)‐cirrhosis. Endpoints were 1‐year transplant‐free survival (TFS), further acute decompensation (AD) and re‐admission.

Results

A total of 410 patients were hospitalized, and 315 analysed: 39 in MASLD, 160 in ALD and 116 in MetALD groups. The global prevalence was 10% for MASLD, 41% ALD and 29.7% for MetALD. Patients in the MASLD group were significantly older (65 vs. 57 and 59 years, p < 0.001), and had lower Child‐Pugh (8 vs. 11 vs. 10, p < 0.001) and MELD score (17 vs. 22 vs. 21, p < 0.001). The 1‐year TFS was not different between groups (53% vs. 54% vs. 54%, p = 0.96). Cardiovascular mortality was <5% in all groups. The 1‐year probability of developing hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the MASLD group (73% vs. 27% and 21%, p < 0.001). There was no difference regarding the development of other complications between groups.

Conclusion

MASLD or MetALD was responsible for 1/3 of the causes of cirrhosis in the ICU. MASLD‐related cirrhosis is as severe as ALD‐related cirrhosis. Liver transplantation should be rapidly discussed.
Editorial: Decoding the enigma—Navigating complexity in MASLD management. Authors' reply
Authors: Alkhouri Naim , Bayne Anne‐Cécile V. , Chalasani Naga
Published: July 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Alkhouri et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18149 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18169
Preliminary development of a brief parent‐report gender identity alignment/distress screener for children
Authors: Diemer Matthew A. , Hillier Amy , Marcus Steven C.
Published: July 2024

This research develops a brief, and preliminary, parent‐report screener to assess gender identity alignment/distress in children. The increasing prevalence of children not identifying with their sex at birth, the length and outdated language of existing gender identity measures, and the need to assess gender identity among children (as opposed to adolescent/adult measures) motivate a screener. A survey containing 14 items from existing instruments was administered to a diverse set of 1110 parents of children ages 3–12. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, followed by multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) modelling, were used to develop a 5‐item, unidimensional screener that may assess gender identity alignment/distress. The screener may be suitable to identify children who experience misalignment between their gender and sex assigned at birth and parents or children for whom this misalignment causes distress. These families may benefit from additional resources and conversations between paediatric staff and children about their gender identity, including education for parents, and/or referrals for specialty care. Future research should further streamline and validate this preliminary screener, examine its convergence with gender identity and distress measures and explore including children's perspectives.
Immune‐mediated disruption of the blood–brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage: Insights and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Jia Peijun , Peng Qinfeng , Fan Xiaochong , Zhang Yumeng , Xu Hanxiao , Li Jiaxin , Sonita Houn , Liu Simon , Le Anh , Hu Qiongqiong , Zhao Ting , Zhang Shijie , Wang Junmin , Zille Marietta , Jiang Chao , Chen Xuemei , Wang Jian
Published: July 2024

Aims

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a condition that arises due to the rupture of cerebral blood vessels, leading to the flow of blood into the brain tissue. One of the pathological alterations that occurs during an acute ICH is an impairment of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which leads to severe perihematomal edema and an immune response.

Discussion

A complex interplay between the cells of the BBB, for example, pericytes, astrocytes, and brain endothelial cells, with resident and infiltrating immune cells, such as microglia, monocytes, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and others accounts for both damaging and protective mechanisms at the BBB following ICH. However, the precise immunological influence of BBB disruption has yet to be richly ascertained, especially at various stages of ICH.

Conclusion

This review summarizes the changes in different cell types and molecular components of the BBB associated with immune‐inflammatory responses during ICH. Furthermore, it highlights promising immunoregulatory therapies to protect the integrity of the BBB after ICH. By offering a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind BBB damage linked to cellular and molecular immunoinflammatory responses after ICH, this article aimed to accelerate the identification of potential therapeutic targets and expedite further translational research.
Long‐term effects of a lifestyle modification program for men with obesity delivered in German football clubs
Authors: Pietsch Benjamin , Manske Michelle , Hanewinkel Reiner , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Morgenstern Matthis
Published: July 2024

This study examined the long‐term effects of a lifestyle modification program delivered at German Bundesliga football clubs. Weekly 90‐minute group sessions over 12 weeks combined health education and physical activity and were delivered by coaches affiliated with the football clubs. A total of 371 men (mean age 49.7 years [SD = 7.6]) attended 41 classes at 19 clubs in 2017 and 2018 and participated in the long‐term follow‐up. Primary outcome was weight‐loss at follow‐up with a mean observation period of 20.4 months after baseline. Measures were taken partly by research staff and partly by participants themselves. At baseline, the men had a mean weight of 111.3 kg (SD = 16.9). Three months after baseline (posttest), the men had lost a mean of 6.3 kg (95% CI: 5.7–6.9). From posttest to follow‐up, growth curve model showed men lost an average of 0.8 kg (95% CI: 0.2–1.4). Weight regain from posttest to follow‐up of at least 3% was observed in 75 participants (20.2%) and was associated with less improvement in vegetable consumption in an adjusted logistic regression model. The data suggest that participation in a male‐only lifestyle modification program offered by German football clubs may lead to sustained weight loss, but lack of a randomized control group and drop‐outs prevent generalization of the results.
Investigating the relative role of dispersal and demographic traits in predictive phylogeography
Authors: Mascarenhas Rilquer , Carolina Carnaval Ana
Published: July 2024

Many studies suggest that aside from environmental variables, such as topography and climate, species‐specific ecological traits are relevant to explain the geographic distribution of intraspecific genetic lineages. Here, we investigated whether and to what extent incorporating such traits systematically improves the accuracy of random forest models in predicting genetic differentiation among pairs of localities. We leveraged available ecological datasets for birds and tested the inclusion of two categories of ecological traits: dispersal‐related traits (i.e. morphology and foraging ecology) and demographic traits (such as species survival rate and generation length). We estimated genetic differentiation from published mitochondrial DNA sequences for 28 species of birds (1578 total genetic samples, 391 localities) in the Atlantic Forest of South America. Aside from the aforementioned ecological traits, we included geographic, topographic and climatic distances between localities as environmental predictors. We then created models using all available data to evaluate model uncertainty both across space and across the different categories of predictors. Finally, we investigated model uncertainty in predicting genetic differentiation individually for each species (a common challenge in conservation biology). Our results show that while environmental conditions are the most important predictors of genetic differentiation, model accuracy largely increases with the addition of ecological traits. Additionally, the inclusion of dispersal traits improves model accuracy to a larger extent than the inclusion of demographic traits. Similar results are observed in models for individual species, although model accuracy is highly variable. We conclude that ecological traits improve predictive models of genetic differentiation, refining our ability to predict phylogeographic patterns from existing data. Additionally, demographic traits may not be as informative as previously hypothesized. Finally, prediction of genetic differentiation for species with conservation concerns may require further careful assessment of the environmental and ecological variation within the species range.
Land use modulates resistance of grasslands against future climate and inter‐annual climate variability in a large field experiment
Authors: Korell Lotte , Andrzejak Martin , Berger Sigrid , Durka Walter , Haider Sylvia , Hensen Isabell , Herion Yva , Höfner Johannes , Kindermann Liana , Klotz Stefan , Knight Tiffany M. , Linstädter Anja , Madaj Anna‐Maria , Merbach Ines , Michalski Stefan , Plos Carolin , Roscher Christiane , Schädler Martin , Welk Erik , Auge Harald
Published: July 2024

Climate and land‐use change are key drivers of global change. Full‐factorial field experiments in which both drivers are manipulated are essential to understand and predict their potentially interactive effects on the structure and functioning of grassland ecosystems. Here, we present 8 years of data on grassland dynamics from the Global Change Experimental Facility in Central Germany. On large experimental plots, temperature and seasonal patterns of precipitation are manipulated by superimposing regional climate model projections onto background climate variability. Climate manipulation is factorially crossed with agricultural land‐use scenarios, including intensively used meadows and extensively used (i.e., low‐intensity) meadows and pastures. Inter‐annual variation of background climate during our study years was high, including three of the driest years on record for our region. The effects of this temporal variability far exceeded the effects of the experimentally imposed climate change on plant species diversity and productivity, especially in the intensively used grasslands sown with only a few grass cultivars. These changes in productivity and diversity in response to alterations in climate were due to immigrant species replacing the target forage cultivars. This shift from forage cultivars to immigrant species may impose additional economic costs in terms of a decreasing forage value and the need for more frequent management measures. In contrast, the extensively used grasslands showed weaker responses to both experimentally manipulated future climate and inter‐annual climate variability, suggesting that these diverse grasslands are more resistant to climate change than intensively used, species‐poor grasslands. We therefore conclude that a lower management intensity of agricultural grasslands, associated with a higher plant diversity, can stabilize primary productivity under climate change.
Effectiveness of initiating advance care planning among older outpatients through intervention by physicians trained in a model discussion video: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoshihara‐Kurihara Hanako , Hori Hiroshi , Fuse Aya , Kurihara Ibuki , Sueda Keishiro , Fukuchi Takahiko , Mori Masanori , Sugawara Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the impact of a physician‐led intervention on advance care planning (ACP) introduction among older outpatients using a model discussion video.

Methods

This prospective interventional study included Japanese general practice outpatients aged ≥65 years. All participants received an ACP leaflet. Co‐researchers were trained using a model discussion video based on the “Serious Illness Conversation Guide,” and provided ACP introduction explanations to the intervention group to ensure intervention content consistency. The control group received the ACP leaflet only, with no standardized explanations. The primary outcome was ACP discussion occurrence. Secondary outcomes included ACP engagement (assessed through the 4‐item ACP Engagement Survey), engagement score for advance directives acquisition and score for surrogate decision‐maker identification, and anxiety incidence (assessed through Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7).

Results

This study included 48 participants: 25 (52.1%) in the intervention group and 23 (47.9%) in the control group. Regarding primary outcome, the intervention group had significantly more ACP discussions compared with the control group (92.0% vs 26.1%, adjusted odds ratio 50.2, P = 0.0012). Regarding secondary outcomes, the intervention group showed greater readiness (mean scores for the 4‐item Engagement Survey [P = 0.0001], engagement score for advance directives acquisition [P = 0.01] and score for surrogate decision‐maker determination [P = 0.03]) than the control group, without increasing anxiety.

Conclusions

This physician‐led ACP introduction for older patients in a Japanese general practice setting enhanced ACP readiness and stimulated discussions, without increasing anxiety. The model discussion video for ACP introduction might effectively train physicians in general practice settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 859–866.
Relationship between imaging‐derived parameters and circulating microRNAs to study the degree of lung involvement in hospitalized geriatric patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Cecchini Sara , Di Rosa Mirko , Fantechi Lorenzo , Mecozzi Sara , Matacchione Giulia , Giuliani Angelica , Monsurrò Vladia , Zoppi Lorenzo , Cardelli Maurizio , Galeazzi Roberta , Recchioni Rina , Marchegiani Francesca , Marra Massimo , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Corsonello Andrea , Sarzani Riccardo , Cherubini Antonio , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Fornarelli Daniela , Paci Enrico , Procopio Antonio Domenico , Olivieri Fabiola , Bronte Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Aim

Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is useful to evaluate the type and extent of lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia. This study explored the association between radiological parameters and various circulating serum‐derived markers, including microRNAs, in older patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was designed to study geriatric patients (≥75 years) with COVID‐19 pneumonia, who underwent chest CT scan on admission, and for whom clinical data and serum samples were obtained. To quantify the extent of lung involvement, CT‐score, the percentage of healthy lung (HL%), the percentage of ground glass opacity (GGO%), and the percentage of lung consolidation were assessed using computer‐aided tools. The association of these parameters with two circulating microRNAs, miR‐483‐5p and miR‐320b, previously identified as biomarkers of mortality risk in COVID‐19 geriatric patients, was tested.

Results

A total of 73 patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia were evaluable (median age 85 years; interquartile range 82–90 years). Among chest CT‐derived parameters, the percentage of lung consolidation (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14), CT‐score (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.25), and HL% (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99) emerged as significant predictors of mortality, whereas non‐significant trends toward increased mortality were observed in patients with higher GGO%. We also found a significant positive association between serum miR‐483‐5p and GGO% (correlation coefficient 0.28; P = 0.018) and a negative association with HL% (correlation coefficient −0.27; P = 0.023).

Conclusions

Overall, the extent of lung consolidation can be confirmed as a prognostic parameter of COVID‐19 pneumonia in older patients. Among various serum‐derived markers, miR‐483‐5p can help in exploring the degree of lung involvement, due to its association with higher GGO% and lower HL%. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 962–972.
How will the emergence of lecanemab change dementia treatment?
Authors: Iwata Atsushi
Published: July 2024

The introduction of lecanemab has dramatically changed the field of dementia medicine. Lecanemab, defined as an anti‐amyloid‐β (Aβ) drug, comprises an antibody against Aβ, a protein structure believed to cause Alzheimer's disease. This drug represents a new direction in dementia treatment. In a phase III study, lecanemab was found to significantly slow cognitive decline, while showing manageable levels of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities, which are side‐effects of lecanemab. Furthermore, lecanemab has been shown to effectively reduce Aβ accumulation in patients with early Alzheimer's disease, which might contribute not only to delaying the progression of cognitive decline, but also to improving the quality of life of patients and their families. However, there are conditions for the use of lecanemab, for which the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has issued the Guidelines for Promotion of Optimal Use. These guidelines specify requirements for appropriate patient selection, prescribing physicians and administering medical institutions to ensure safe and effective use. Particular emphasis is placed on the confirmation of amyloid‐β accumulation, amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities risk management and appropriate handling of side‐effects. The clinical use of lecanemab represents an important advancement in the treatment of dementia; however, the understanding and cooperation of healthcare professionals, patients and families are essential to maximize its efficacy and safety. Future issues to be addressed include the sustainability and long‐term efficacy of treatment, improvement of clinical symptoms after removal of Aβ and motivation to administer the drug. Although lecanemab offers hope for the treatment of dementia, its use requires careful management. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 841–844.
Geoforensic search on land
Authors: Pringle Jamie , Wisniewski Kristopher , Ruffell Alastair , Hobson Luke
Published: July 2024

Forensic geoscientists assist with the investigation of locating and characterizing suspected illegal activities and provide evidence for criminal or civil courts of law. Geoforensic search in terrestrial environments can be challenging, depending on the item(s) of interest that are being looked for, the available search teams, the equipment deployed and the search area(s) itself. This article briefly details the current efforts that geoscientists are making to assist these terrestrial investigations, and provides some relevant case studies and discusses future developments.
Responding to technological advances
Authors: Jeannette Murphy
Published: July 2024

The International Perspectives and Initiatives Regular Feature seeks to expand the Health Information and Libraries Journal's global coverage of health library and knowledge practice. The current focus of this Regular Feature is how health library and knowledge services are responding to technological advances.
Theories of immune recognition: Is anybody right?
Authors: Martins Yuri Chaves , Rosa‐Gonçalves Pamela , Daniel‐Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu
Published: July 2024

The clonal selection theory (CST) is the centrepiece of the current paradigm used to explain immune recognition and memory. Throughout the past decades, the original CST had been expanded and modified to explain new experimental evidences since its original publication by Burnet. This gave origin to new paradigms that govern experimental immunology nowadays, such as the associative recognition of antigen model and the stranger/danger signal model. However, these new theories also do not fully explain experimental findings such as natural autoimmune immunoglobulins, idiotypic networks, low and high dose tolerance, and dual‐receptor T and B cells. To make sense of these empirical data, some authors have been trying to change the paradigm of immune cognition using a systemic approach, analogies with brain processing and concepts from second‐order cybernetics. In the present paper, we review the CST and some of the theories/hypotheses derived from it, focusing on immune recognition. We point out their main weaknesses and highlight arguments made by their opponents and believers. We conclude that, until now, none of the proposed theories can fully explain the totality of immune phenomena and that a theory of everything is needed in immunology.
Irritable bowel syndrome: When food is a pain in the gut
Authors: Hussein Hind , Van Remoortel Samuel , Boeckxstaens Guy E.
Published: July 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition associated with altered bowel habits and recurrent abdominal pain, often triggered by food intake. Current treatments focus on improving stool pattern, but effective treatments for pain in IBS are still lacking due to our limited understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. Visceral hypersensitivity (VHS), or abnormal visceral pain perception, underlies abdominal pain development in IBS, and mast cell activation has been shown to play an important role in the development of VHS. Our work recently revealed that abdominal pain in response to food intake is induced by the sensitization of colonic pain‐sensing neurons by histamine produced by activated mast cells following a local IgE response to food. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on abdominal pain and VHS pathophysiology in IBS, we outline the work leading to the discovery of the role of histamine in abdominal pain, and we introduce antihistamines as a novel treatment option to manage chronic abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
Histological deep margins in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp and risk of recurrence
Authors: Verdaguer‐Faja Júlia , Guerra‐Amor Álvaro , Ferrándiz‐Pulido Carla , Abril‐Pérez Carlos , Botella Estrada Rafael , Masferrer Emili , Lopez‐Castillo Daniel , Deza Gustavo , Leal Lorena , Marti‐Marti Ignasi , Ruiz‐Salas Verónica , Yébenes Mireia , Marqués Martin Laura , Baliu Carola , Castany Anna , Boada Aram , Toll Agustí , Jaka Ane
Published: July 2024

Background

Consensus is lacking on adequate deep histological margins in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Deep clearance for tumours located on the scalp is limited by anatomic constraints.

Objective

To determine whether clear but close deep histological margins (<1 mm) confer a higher risk of recurrence in cSCCs of the scalp treated by wide local excision, compared to deep histological margins ≥1 mm.

Methods

Multicentre retrospective observational cohort study and multivariate competing risk analysis to evaluate risk factors for recurrence.

Results

In total, 295 patients with 338 cSCCs were included. Close deep histological margins were not associated with an increased cumulative incidence of recurrence (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.96 [95% CI 0.87–4.41]). However, an increased risk of recurrence was observed for those tumours that presented concurrent invasion of the galea aponeurotica and close deep margins, as opposed to patients without these factors (SHR 3.52 [1.24–10.01]). Tumours with clear but close peripheral margins (<1 mm) also had higher risk of recurrence (SHR 5.01 [1.68–14.97]).

Limitations

Retrospective observational study based on pathology reports.

Conclusion

Deep histological margins <1 mm do not confer a greater risk of recurrence as long as the tumour is completely excised and the galea aponeurotica is not involved. Surgical excision of cSCC on the scalp should include the galea to ensure proper assessment of deep margins.
Comparison of forearm and intra‐arterial blood pressure measurements according to body and arm positions in obese patients
Authors: Günay Ismailoğlu Elif , Aygün Hakan , Şahan Seda , Ergin Eda , Geçtan Eliz
Published: July 2024

Rationale

Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) monitoring is very important also difficult for accurate diagnosis and monitor of obese patients.

Aims

The study aimed to assess the agreement between forearm arm BP and intra‐arterial BP values in a different body and arm positions in obese patients.

Methods

The descriptive study was carried out on 60 intensive care patients with a body mass index above 30 kg/m2 who were monitored with invasive radial BP in the general and surgical intensive care units. BP values obtained from the upper arm and forearm with different arm and body positions were compared with intra‐arterial BP results. Bland‐Altman analysis and correlation coefficient were used for the accuracy of upper and forearm noninvasive BP reading in different positions.

Results

The best agreement was found between the forearm systolic BP in the supine and half‐sitting position with the arm down and intra‐arterial BP values. Also, the best agreement in diastolic BP was found between the half‐sitting and half‐sitting position with the arm down and intra‐arterial BP.

Conclusions

Forearm systolic BP measurement, especially in the supine and half‐sitting position with the arm below the heart level position, was best agreement with intra‐arterial measurement, regarded as the gold standard. For this reason, it is more appropriate to use forearm BP measurement in obese patients monitored in intensive care to obtain accurate results.
The effect of breastfeeding education with digital storytelling on fathers' breastfeeding self‐efficacy
Authors: Aktaş Reyhan Feyza
Published: July 2024

Rationale

There is growing evidence that fathers play an important role in the breastfeeding process and that fathers need education about breastfeeding. In our age of rapidly developing technology, the use of new teaching techniques in the education of fathers will provide more effective results.

Aims

In this study, the effect of breastfeeding education given with digital storytelling method on fathers' breastfeeding self‐efficacy was examined.

Methods

The study is a pretest–posttest randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted with the husbands of 80 pregnant women admitted to the childbirth preparation class of a state hospital. The study included a control group and an intervention of educational videos using a digital storytelling technique. Fathers were recruited from hospital antenatal classes and randomized to one of the two groups. Personal Information Form and Paternal Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale‐Short Form were used for data collection. Each father completed data collection forms at the beginning of the study and at 3 months postpartum. The η2 effect size was calculated for significant differences in the independent and dependent groups t test methods used in the analysis.

Results

There was a significant difference between the posttest scores of the fathers in the intervention and control groups (p < 0.05). When the effect sizes were analysed, it was found that the increase in the intervention group (t = −24.342) was higher than the control group (t = −8.385).

Conclusion

In the current study, the effect of using digital storytelling method in breastfeeding education on fathers' breastfeeding self‐efficacy was found to be significantly higher than routine education. It is recommended that this new method be used in education and counselling and that studies be conducted to examine its effect on breastfeeding behaviour and fathers' breastfeeding support.
To reveal the unseen low‐hanging fruit: A multi‐method study of Indonesian hospital pharmacist perception regarding the implementation of injection‐to‐oral conversion activity
Authors: Purwonugroho Tunggul Adi , Maharani Laksmi , Sholihat Nia Kurnia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Previous studies have demonstrated that the adoption of injection‐to‐oral conversion strategies in hospitalised patient yields both clinical and economic benefits. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the current state of implementation and evaluate the perspectives of hospital pharmacists to guide future initiatives towards conversion implementation in Indonesia.

Methods

A multi‐method design was utilised. Quantitative approach used cross‐sectional study design in which data were collected online using Google Form from August to October 2021. Qualitative analysis employed a phenomenological approach by performing in‐depth interviews from July to August 2021. Each approach's data were compared to discover connections and discrepancies, and the final interpretation was done simultaneously.

Results

A total of 204 pharmacists participated in the survey, with 64.2% of them reporting no previous experience in conversion. An in‐depth interview included seven hospital pharmacists, with three themes were emerged: (1) strategic roles of the pharmacist; (2) key considerations; and (3) potential barriers and enablers of conversion implementation. Based on the elaboration of quantitative and qualitative data, the study found that pharmacist had strong perception regarding pharmacist role in conversion despite their little experience in implementing the activity. For future improvement, a platform that taking into account the pharmacist current conditions and insights should be created.

Conclusions

Pharmacists appreciated conversion activity and grasped its concepts despite little clinical experience. Consider possible enabling and barrier factors and essential considerations before taking action. Local guidelines and instructional materials that emphasise application or implementation are encouraged. Furthermore, the implementation project must be piloted and evaluated for clinical and economic outcomes.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Smombie Scale for Adolescents
Authors: Sönmez Sari Ebru , Temel Mert Zeynep , Semerci Çakmak Vahide , Sevgil Atli Pelin
Published: July 2024

Background

Smombie has become an important problem especially in terms of adolescent health. The aim of this study was to translate the Smombie Scale for Adolescents (SSA) into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties.

Methods

This study has a methodological design. The study was conducted between March and April 2024. The sample of the study consisted of 430 adolescents. The data were collected by using Personal Information Form and SSA. Content Validity Index, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), test−retest reliability, Cronbach's α coefficient, item‐total score correlation, 27% upper−lower group item analysis and Hotelling T2 test were used in data analysis.

Results

The four‐factor structure of the scale showed a good fit in CFA (chi‐square minimum discrepancy [CMIN] = 187.463, degrees of freedo (DF) = 83, CMIN/DF = 2.259, root mean square error of approximation = 0.054, root mean square residual = 0.033, goodness of fit index = 0.947, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.923, normed fit index = 0.930, tucker‐lewis index = 0.949 and comparative fit index = 0.959). Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.86. The item‐total score correlation of the scale was found between 0.212 and 0.721. The test‐retest intraclass correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.876.

Conclusions

This study shows that the scale is a reliable tool for assessing adolescents' smombie tendencies. It is thought that the scale will contribute to the protection and development of adolescent health.
The effect of music on pain, anxiety and satisfaction during nonstress testing
Authors: Özcan Handan , Oral Suna , Kuruay Şehma , Yilmaz Banu Müşerref
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the effect of instrumental music played during Nonstress Test (NST) on pain, anxiety and satisfaction.

Methods

This research was planned as randomised controlled. The sample of the study consists of 64 pregnant women. In data collection, a survey form containing socio‐demographic characteristics, State‐Trait Anxiety Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Evgeny Grinko‐Valse piece were used as music.

Results

Among the groups where music was applied, satisfaction with the procedure was significantly high (X2: 12.666, p: 0.049). No significant difference was detected between anxiety and pain conditions (p > 0.05). The scale scores of the groups before and after the procedure were evaluated; Before the procedure, significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of trait anxiety and fear of pain. As a result of the evaluation made after the procedure, there are significant differences between state anxiety and fear of pain (p < 0.05). It was determined that music played during the NST procedure reduced state and trait anxiety. Satisfaction levels are also higher among the group that is listened to music.

Conclusion

A successful pregnancy is important for the health of mother and baby. Reducing anxiety and stress, especially during the examinations, ensures that the process continues successfully. It is recommended that music played during pregnancy examinations and screening tests be used in clinics and during the procedure to increase satisfaction and reduce anxiety.
An Integrative Review Exploring Womens’ Experiences of Retraumatization Within Perinatal Services
Authors: Gordon Jennifer , Hunter Andrew , Callanan Fiona , Kiely Clare , Grealish Annmarie
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Evidence indicates that retraumatization has a detrimental effect for those women who are accessing perinatal services. One in five women worldwide has a history of childhood adversity. Between 18% and 34% of women experience trauma, which is a well‐known risk factor for the onset of chronic mental health disorders. There is a lack of evidence on women's experiences on retraumatization in perinatal care settings and how to prevent retraumatization from occurring. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review on women experiences of retraumatization to determine preventive measures within perinatal services.

Methods

This integrative review followed Whittemore and Knafl's 5‐stage framework as it allows for the inclusion and integration of diverse research methodologies into an overall synthesis of the evidence. A systematic search of 5 databases was conducted (Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ASSIA, and PsychINFO) with no date, language, or geographical limits set due to the paucity of research published in this subject area. This review was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the thematic synthesis. The review identified that participants across the studies had a history of child sexual abuse, sexual abuse, and rape. Three main themes plus subthemes were identified: (1) activating (subthemes: positions in labor, intimate procedures, communications with health care professionals, loss of control); (2) outcomes (subtheme: emotional responses); and (3) interventions reducing or preventing retraumatization (subthemes: role of the health care professional, screening for abuse and history of trauma).

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate that women are experiencing retraumatization in perinatal services, and there is evidence of formalized approaches being applied in clinical settings to prevent retraumatization from occurring. This study is the first to examine the factors that contribute to retraumatization in perinatal services and make recommendations to reduce the harmful practices in place in perinatal care settings.
Bipedalism or bipedalisms: The os coxae of StW 573
Authors: Crompton Robin , Elton Sarah , Heaton Jason , Pickering Travis , Carlson Kristian , Jashashvili Tea , Beaudet Amelie , Bruxelles Laurent , Kuman Kathleen , Thorpe Susannah K. , Hirasaki Eishi , Scott Christopher , Sellers William , Pataky Todd , Clarke Ronald , McClymont Juliet
Published: July 2024

There has been a long debate about the possibility of multiple contemporaneous species of Australopithecus in both eastern and southern Africa, potentially exhibiting different forms of bipedal locomotion. Here, we describe the previously unreported morphology of the os coxae in the 3.67 Ma Australopithecus prometheus StW 573 from Sterkfontein Member 2, comparing it with variation in ossa coxae in living humans and apes as well as other Plio‐Pleistocene hominins. Statistical comparisons indicate that StW 573 and 431 resemble humans in their anteroposteriorly great iliac crest breadth compared with many other early australopiths, whereas Homo ergaster KNM WT 15000 surprisingly also has a relatively anterioposteriorly short iliac crest. StW 573 and StW 431 appear to resemble humans in having a long ischium compared with Sts 14 and KNM WT 15000. A Quadratic Discriminant Function Analysis of morphology compared with other Plio‐Pleistocene hominins and a dataset of modern humans and hominoids shows that, while Lovejoy's heuristic model of the Ardipithecus ramidus os coxae falls with Pongo or in an indeterminate group, StW 573 and StW 431 from Sterkfontein Member 4 are consistently classified together with modern humans. Although clearly exhibiting the classic “basin shaped” bipedal pelvis, Sts 14 (also from Sterkfontein), AL 288‐1 Australopithecus afarensis, MH2 Australopithecus sediba and KNM‐WT 15000 occupy a position more peripheral to modern humans, and in some analyses are assigned to an indeterminate outlying group. Our findings strongly support the existence of two species of Australopithecus at Sterkfontein and the variation we observe in os coxae morphology in early hominins is also likely to reflect multiple forms of bipedality.
3D‐printed shell complete dentures as a diagnostic aid for implant planning and fabricating interim restorations for complete arch rehabilitations: A case series
Authors: Azpiazu‐Flores Francisco X. , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao , Polido Waldemar D. , Morton Dean
Published: July 2024

3D‐printed shell complete dentures generated from a scan of the patient's existing prostheses can simplify and expedite the surgical planning and interim restoration design for complete arch rehabilitations. Three patients were rehabilitated with endosteal implants, and interim restorations were generated from the contours of the 3D‐printed shell complete dentures used as diagnostic aids. This case series report presents the recommended protocol and its clinical progression, in addition to clinical and radiographic images of the treatment outcomes
Modelling the potential impact of global hepatitis B vaccination on the burden of chronic hepatitis B in the United States
Authors: Hutton David W. , Toy Mehlika , Yang Danwei , Zhang Hanwen , Handanagic Senad , Armstrong Paige A. , Wasley Annemarie , Menzies Nicolas A. , Pham Hang , Salomon Joshua A. , So Samuel K.
Published: July 2024

About 80% of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States are non‐US‐born. Despite improvements in infant hepatitis B vaccination globally since 2000, work remains to attain the World Health Organization's (WHO) global 2030 goal of 90% vaccination. We explore the impacts on the United States of global progress in hepatitis B vaccination since 2000 and of achieving WHO hepatitis B vaccination goals. We simulated immigrants with HBV infection arriving to the United States from 2000 to 2070 using models of the 10 countries from which the largest numbers of individuals with HBV infection were born. We estimated costs in the United States among these cohorts using a disease simulation model. We simulated three scenarios: a scenario with no progress in infant vaccination for hepatitis B since 2000 (baseline), current (2020) progress and achieving WHO 2030 goals for hepatitis B vaccination. We estimate current hepatitis B vaccination progress since the 2000 baseline in these 10 countries will lead to 468,686 fewer HBV infections, avoid 35,582 hepatitis B‐related deaths and save $4.2 billion in the United States through 2070. Achieving the WHO 2030 90% hepatitis B infant vaccination targets could lead to an additional 16,762 fewer HBV infections, 989 fewer hepatitis B‐related deaths and save $143 million through 2070. Global hepatitis B vaccination since 2000 reduced prevalence of HBV infection in the United States. Achieving the WHO 2030 infant vaccination goals globally could lead to over one hundred million dollars in additional savings.
Optimizing of a suitable protocol for isolating tissue‐derived extracellular vesicles and profiling small RNA patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Liu Yu , Wang Jiyan , Liu Te , Tian Tongtong , Li Tong , Ding Lin , Chen Wei , Wang Hao , Zhu Jie , Zhang Chunyan , Pan Baishen , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wang Beili , Yang XinRong , Guo Wei
Published: July 2024

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate cell–cell interactions in the tumour microenvironment. However, standard and efficient methods to isolate tumour tissue‐derived EVs are lacking, and their biological functions remain elusive.

Methods

To determine the optimal method for isolating tissue‐derived EVs, we compared the characterization and concentration of EVs obtained by three previously reported methods using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and nanoflow analysis (Nanoflow). Additionally, the differential content of small RNAs, especially tsRNAs, between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent normal liver tissues (ANLTs)‐derived EVs was identified using Arraystar small RNA microarray. The targets of miRNAs and tsRNAs were predicted, and downstream functional analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, non‐negative matrix factorization and survival prediction analysis.

Results

A differential centrifugation‐based protocol without cell cultivation (NC protocol) yielded higher EV particles and higher levels of CD9+ and CD63+ EVs compared with other isolation protocols. Interestingly, the NC protocol was also effective for isolating frozen tissue‐derived EVs that were indistinguishable from fresh tissue. HCC tissues showed significantly higher EV numbers compared with ANLTs. Furthermore, we identified different types of small RNAs in HCC tissue‐derived EVs, forming a unique multidimensional intercellular communication landscape that can differentiate between HCC and ANLTs. ROC analysis further showed that the combination of the top 10 upregulated small RNAs achieved better diagnostic performance (AUC = .950 [.895–1.000]). Importantly, most tsRNAs in HCC tissue‐derived EVs were downregulated and mitochondria‐derived, mainly involving in lipid‐related metabolic reprogramming.

Conclusion

The NC protocol was optimal for isolating EVs from HCC, especially from frozen tissues. Our study emphasized the different roles of small‐RNA in regulating the HCC ecosystem, providing insights into HCC progression and potential therapeutic targets.