bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polypyrrole coating on aramid fabrics for improved stab resistance and multifunction
Authors: Lu Zhenqian , Li Danyang , Yuan Zishun
Published: March 2022

As an epoch of intelligent clothing is coming, soft body armor is required to possess not only improved mechanical performance but more functions, such as electronic conductivity, anti-ultraviolet capability, electrical heating property, etc. In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) is coated on Twaron fabrics to enhancing their stabbing resistance and simultaneously endowing them with multifunction. The resultant PPy-coated Twaron fabric exhibits better tensile strength. The strength of the PPy-coated fiber is increased by 12.03% and the maximum friction between the yarns in the PPy-coated fabric increases by 8.96 times. The quasi-static stab resistance of the PPy-coated fabric is also significantly improved in comparison with that of the neat counterpart. Furthermore, PPy-coated fabric exhibits anti-ultraviolet capability, high electrical conductivity, and stable electrical heating properties. The saturation temperature from the electrical heating is tunable by adjusting the applied voltage. These functions ensure that the treated fabrics can be applied in more areas and facilitate relieving the adverse effects from the external environment (rainstorm, blizzard, insolation, etc.) for the soft body armor. This study offers the potential of developing the novel generation of smart soft body armor with both excellent protective performance and intelligent wearable properties.
Rapamycin reduces podocyte damage by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and promoting autophagy
Authors: Yu Shengyou , Ren Qi , Chen Jing , Huang Jing , Liang Rui
Published: March 2022

Objective: Rapamycin is a potent inducer of autophagy in podocytes. However, we still understand very little about how autophagy is regulated under podocyte injury conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in podocyte injury and the regulatory mechanism of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in this process. Methods: The podocytes were cultured in vitro, and the apoptosis rate of each group was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expression and distribution of LC3-II were examined by immunofluorescence. The phosphorylation levels of Akt, LC3-II, mTOR, 4EBP1, and P70S6K were measured using Western Blot. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the changes in autophagosomes in each group. Results: Compared with the control group, the puromycin group (PAN) increased podocyte apoptosis, decreased numbers of autophagosomes, and downregulated LC3-II protein expression. Compared with the PAN group, the podocyte apoptosis rate decreased in the Rapamycin group (RAPA), the number of autophagosomes increased, and LC3-II protein expression was upregulated. In addition, PAN evoked an increase in p-Akt expressions, RAPA treatment induced a reversal of PAN-induced p-Akt upregulation, and the phosphorylation levels of mTOR, 4EBP1, and P70S6K were downregulated. Conclusion: PAN can damage podocytes by inhibiting podocyte autophagic activity and promoting apoptosis. Rapamycin can ameliorate PAN-induced podocyte damage by activating autophagy. This effect may be related to rapamycin-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy.
Spinal 5-HT2A receptor is involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of chronic pain
Authors: Yuan Xiao-Cui , Wang Yu-Ying , Tian Li-Xia , Yan Xiang-Ji , Guo Yi-Xiao , Zhao Yu-Long , Baba Sani S , Jia Hong , Wang Hui-Sheng , Li Man , Huo Fu-Quan
Published: March 2022

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent, chronic joint disorder, and it is a typical disease which can develop chronic pain. Our previous study has proved that endocannabinoid (2-AG)-CB1R-GABA-5-HT pathway is involved in electroacupuncture (EA) mediated inhibition of chronic pain. However, it is still unclear which among the 5-HT receptor subtype is involved in EA evoked 5-HT mediated inhibition of chronic pain in the dorsal spinal cord. 5-HT2A is a G protein-coupled receptor and it is involved in 5-HT descending pain modulation system. We found that EA treatment at frequency of 2 Hz +1 mA significantly increased the expression of 5-HT2A receptor in the dorsal spinal cord and intrathecal injection of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist or agonist reversed or mimicked the analgesic effect of EA in each case respectively. Intrathecal injection of a selective GABAA receptor antagonist Bicuculline also reversed the EA effect on pain hypersensitivity. Additionally, EA treatment reversed the reduced expression of GABAA receptor and KCC2 in the dorsal spinal cord of KOA mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intrathecal 5-HT2A receptor antagonist/agonist reversed or mimicked the effect of EA up-regulate of KCC2 expression, respectively. Similarly, intrathecal injection of PLC and PKC inhibitors prevented both anti-allodynic effect and up-regulation of KCC2 expression by EA treatment. Our data suggest that EA treatment up-regulated KCC2 expression through activating 5-HT2A-Gq-PLC-PKC pathway and enhanced the inhibitory function of GABAA receptor, thereby inhibiting chronic pain in a mouse model of KOA.
A Case for Translation From the Clinic to the Laboratory
Authors: Kredlow M. Alexandra , de Voogd Lycia D. , Phelps Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2022

Laboratory procedures have been used for decades as analogues for clinical processes with the goal of improving our understanding of psychological treatments for emotional disorders and identifying strategies to make treatments more effective. This research has often focused on translation from the laboratory to the clinic. Although this approach has notable successes, it has not been seamless. There are many examples of strategies that work in the laboratory that fail to lead to improved outcomes when applied clinically. One possible reason for this gap between experimental and clinical research is a failure to focus on translation from the clinic to the laboratory. Here, we discuss potential benefits of translation from the clinic to the laboratory and provide examples of how this might be implemented. We first consider two well-established laboratory analogues (extinction and cognitive reappraisal), identify critical aspects of the related clinical procedures (exposure and cognitive restructuring) that are missing from these analogues, and propose variations to better capture the clinical process. Second, we discuss two clinical procedures that have more recently been brought into the laboratory (eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing and imagery rescripting). We conclude by highlighting potential implications of this proposed shift in focus for translational research.
Let the people speak – The Community Programmes Unit 1972–2002
Authors: Henderson Jo
Published: March 2022

Fifty years ago, the controller of BBC 2, (now Sir) David Attenborough supported an initiative to expand the range of voices and opinions on the BBC through a specialist Community Programmes Unit (CPU). The Unit formed in 1972, a time when the function of broadcasting was subjected to intense public scrutiny in the run-up to the delayed Annan Committee, which finally reported in 1977. Using archival sources, this article builds on the limited literature on the CPU to provide a fuller account of the content it created, the contexts it used and the challenges it faced in its 30-year duration.
Vietnam's Emergence as a Middle Power in Asia: Unfolding the Power–Knowledge Nexus
Authors: Do Thuy T.
Published: March 2022

With Asia's current geopolitical rise, International Relations communities in China, Japan and India have attempted to develop indigenous theoretical approaches that attract heated scholarly debates. Little attention, however, is paid to the state of affairs in weaker states. As power today is widely diffused to various actors in the international system beyond the big powers, the power–knowledge literature should be broadened to respond to the growing multiplexity of world order and the call for diversity of International Relations knowledge. As a case in point, this study examines how Vietnam's emerging middle power status has shaped policy and scholarly discourses in the country regarding the trajectory of Vietnam's foreign policy and the burgeoning interest of its International Relations community in a Vietnamese School of Diplomacy. Such scholarly endeavour will help shed light on the heightened agency of middle powers in world politics and the prospects for a Southeast Asian contribution to global International Relations heritage.
The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Psychosocial Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Klaps Sim , Haesevoets Sarah , Verbunt Jeanine , Köke Albère , Janssens Lotte , Timmermans Annick , Verbrugghe Jonas
Published: March 2022

Context:

Psychosocial parameters play an important role in the onset and persistence of chronic musculoskeletal disorders (CMSDs). Exercise therapy is a valuable therapeutic modality as part of CMSD rehabilitation. Hereby, exercise intensity is an important factor regarding changes in pain and disability in multiple CMSDs. However, the impact of exercise intensity on psychosocial outcomes remains poorly explored.

Objective:

To identify the effects of different modes of exercise intensity on psychosocial outcomes in persons with CMSDs.

Data Sources:

A systematic search was conducted up to November 2020 using the following databases: PubMed/MEDline, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Study Selection:

Studies reporting exercise therapy in CMSDs with a predefined display of exercise intensity and an evaluation of at least 1 psychosocial outcome were included.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2a.

Data Extraction:

Data regarding demographics, exercise intensity, and psychosocial outcomes were included in a descriptive analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist.

Results:

A total of 22 studies, involving 985 participants (with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis) were included (mean PEDro score = 5.77/10). The most common psychosocial outcomes were quality of life (QoL) (n = 15), depression (n = 10), and anxiety (n = 9). QoL improved at any exercise intensity in persons with fibromyalgia. However, persons with fibromyalgia benefit more from exercising at low to moderate intensity regarding anxiety and depression. In contrast, persons with chronic low back pain benefit more from exercising at a higher intensity regarding QoL, anxiety, and depression. Other CMSDs only showed limited or conflicting results regarding the value of certain exercise intensities.

Conclusion:

Psychosocial outcomes are influenced by the intensity of exercise therapy in fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain, but effects differ across other CMSDs. Future research is necessary to determine the exercise intensity that yields optimal exercise therapy outcomes in specific CMSDs.
Age and Female Sex Are Important Risk Factors for Stress Fractures: A Nationwide Database Analysis
Authors: Kale Nisha N. , Wang Cindy X. , Wu Victor. J. , Miskimin Cadence , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Stress fractures are caused by micro-trauma due to repetitive stress on bone, common in active individuals and athletes. Previous studies demonstrate that the weightbearing bones of the lower extremities incur stress fractures most often, especially in women and older adults.

Hypothesis:

Prior literature does not quantify the difference in frequency of stress fractures among different genders, age groups, or body mass indices (BMIs). We hypothesized that older female patients would have higher rates of lower extremity stress fractures than male patients.

Study Design:

Epidemiological research.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Records of female and male patients with lower extremity stress fractures from 2010 to 2018 were identified from the PearlDiver administrative claims database using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/ICD-10 codes. Stress fractures were classified by ICD-10 diagnosis codes to the tibial bone, proximal femur, phalanges, and other foot bones. Comorbidities were incorporated into a regression analysis.

Results:

Of 41,257 stress fractures identified, 30,555 (70.1%) were in women and 10,702 (25.9%) were in men. Our sample was older (>60 years old) (37.3%) and not obese (BMI <30 kg/m2, 37.1%). A greater proportion of female patients with stress fracture were older ( P < 0.001) and had foot stress fractures ( P < 0.001), while a greater proportion of male patients with stress fracture were younger than 19 years ( P < 0.001) and had metatarsal ( P < 0.001), hip ( P = 0.002), and tibia stress fractures ( P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Stress fractures commonly occur in women and older adults with low BMIs. Metatarsal and tibia stress fractures were the most common, and a greater proportion of women had foot stress fractures.

Clinical Relevance:

Our study examined the large-scale prevalence of different lower extremity stress fractures among a wide patient population sample of varying ages and BMIs. These findings can help clinicians identify active populations at greater risk for stress fracture injuries.
Treatment of Sinusitis Following Dental Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Allevi Fabiana , Fadda Gian Luca , Rosso Cecilia , Martino Federica , Pipolo Carlotta , Cavallo Giovanni , Felisati Giovanni , Saibene Alberto Maria
Published: March 2022

Background

Implantological procedures aimed at rehabilitating upper jaw edentulous patients (dental implant placement and/or maxillary sinus grafting) can sporadically result in sinusitis. In these patients, endoscopic sinus surgery is the most commonly employed treatment, but clinical scenarios and comprehensive management strategies are extremely heterogeneous across studies.

Objective

We sought to systematically define treatment strategies and related success rates for sinusitis following dental implantation, detailing different current treatment choices and concepts.

Methods

Adopting a PRISMA–compliant review framework, systematic searches were performed in multiple databases using criteria designed to include all studies published until November 2020 focusing on the treatment of human sinusitis following dental implantation. We selected all original studies, excluding case reports, specifying treatment modalities with objective treatment success definitions. Following duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for treatment modalities and success rates, which were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

Among 581 unique citations, eight studies (181 patients) were selected. Seven studies were retrospective case series. All studies relied on endoscopic sinus surgery, often coupled with intraoral accesses, and assessed therapeutic success endoscopically. The pooled treatment success rate was 94.7% (95% confidence interval, 91.5%–98%). Failures were treated in seven of 15 cases with further antibiotic therapies and in another seven cases with surgical revision. A single patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions

Endoscopic sinus surgery appears to be the most frequent treatment of choice for sinusitis following dental implantation, with excellent success rates. The protean clinical picture drawn from the selected studies calls for the standardization of diagnostics and definitions in this field to enable direct comparisons between the results of different studies. The role of postoperative antibiotic therapies, which have been employed unevenly across studies, should also be prospectively investigated.
Influence of professional mobile device usage on Work/Family Border Theory
Authors: Storch Sharon L. , Juarez-Paz Anna Victoria Ortiz
Published: March 2022

The development of mobile communication technologies and their associated professional usage within the domestic (nonwork) sphere proves challenging to understand and to establish work–life balance. To understand the foundational decisions to incorporate technology (mobile devices) within our domestic time and space, this study explores how individuals use their mobile device for professional or work-oriented communication within the nonwork or domestic sphere. Using Domestication Theory as an important guide, the research explored how the border between the two domains (spheres) were managed. From 32 semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study uncovered 2 overarching themes: Control of Time and Influences. These themes provide understanding of the role mobile devices play in professional communication decisions, what control participants have, and how individuals manage work permeations into the domestic sphere. This research makes a theoretical contribution in the spirit of Clark’s Work/Family Border Theory. With the infusion of mobile devices, a model is proposed offering a fresh perspective of how borders are conceptualized in organizational and familial communication in this context.
The association between folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wondemagegn Amsalu Taye , Afework Mekbeb
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Various trial and epidemiological studies consistently documented the association between maternal folic acid supplementations and neural tube defects. However, existing literatures revealed inconclusive findings about maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementations and the risk of congenital heart defects. Thus, the current systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled association between maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementations and congenital heart defects.

Methods:

Electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science/Scopus, Cochrane library and Google Scholar databases were conducted to access the required studies published up to March 2021. Predetermined eligibility criteria were used for study selections. Data extraction were independently done on excel. STATA version 14 software was used to calculate the pooled effect size with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementations on congenital heart defects using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta-analysis (random effects model). Statistical heterogeneity was checked using the Cochran Q test (chi-squared statistic), I2 statistic, and by visual inspection of the funnel plot.

Results:

A total of 37 studies of case–control, cohort and randomized controlled trial in nature were included in the review. The finding of the present systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that periconceptional folic acid supplementation significantly decreases the risk of congenital heart defects (risk ratio (RR), 0.79; CI, 0.71, 0.89). Both Cochrane Q test statistic (χ2 = 19.33, p = 0.962) and I2 test statistic (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.962) did not reveal statistically significant heterogeneity among included studies. In this meta-analysis, traditional funnel plot, Begg’s funnel plot, Egger’s weighted regression (p = 0.13) as well as Begg’s rank correlation statistic (p = 0.676) revealed no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion:

The present systematic review and meta-analysis found that maternal periconception folic acid supplementation was significantly associated with the risk of congenital heart defects. The risk of congenital heart defects was significantly reduced by 21% among those children of mothers who use periconceptional folic acid supplementations in high-income countries. We recommend that a large prospective study be conducted to investigate the association between maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation and occurrence of congenital heart defect of various types, especially in the developing countries.
Predictors for adult COVID-19 hospitalized inpatient mortality rate in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Fassikaw , Kebede Tsehay , Gizaw Tilahun
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Ethiopia is below par understood and to date has been poorly characterized by a lower number of confirmed cases and deaths to other regions of the sub-Sahara African including Ethiopia. Timely and effective predictors for inpatient mortality rate were crucial for improving the management of hospitalized cases. This study aimed to assessed predictors for inpatient mortality of COVID-19 hospitalized adult patients in two diagnosed and treatment centers, North West Ethiopia.

Methods:

A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 adult admitted cases in two treatment centers, Northwest Ethiopia, from 1 October 2020 to 30 December 2020. Data from the records of children were extracted using a standardized checklist. Epi-Data version 3.2 was used for data entry, and Stata version 14 was used for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality. Finally, variables with P < 0.05 were a significant predictor of inpatient mortality.

Result:

The mean (±standard deviation) age of participant cases was 48.6 (±18.8) years. The median (±interquartile range) time for death reported after was 13 (±6) days. The overall incidence rate inpatient mortality rate was determined as 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.72, 2.15) per100 person per days of observation. Cases at baseline age ⩾ 61 years (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 2.4), being male gender (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 8.6), admission with comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.3, 8.4), and decreased neutrophil count ⩽ 65 103/uL at (P < 0.03) were independent predictors for inpatient mortality.

Conclusion:

In general, 72.4% of COVID-19 inpatient deaths were occurred within 2 weeks after admission. The mortality risk factors for severe patients identified in this study using a multivariate Cox regression model included elderly age (⩾60 years), being male, baseline comorbidity, and neutrophil count ⩽65 103/uL were associated with inpatient mortality.
Political affiliation moderates subjective interpretations of COVID-19 graphs
Authors: Ericson Jonathan D , Albert William S , Duane Ja-Nae
Published: March 2022

We examined the relationship between political affiliation, perceptual (percentage, slope) estimates, and subjective judgements of disease prevalence and mortality across three chart types. An online survey (N = 787) exposed separate groups of participants to charts displaying (a) COVID-19 data or (b) COVID-19 data labeled ‘Influenza (Flu)’. Block 1 examined responses to cross-sectional mortality data (bar graphs, treemaps); results revealed that perceptual estimates comparing mortality in two countries were similar across political affiliations and chart types (all ps > .05), while subjective judgements revealed a disease x political party interaction ( p < .05). Although Democrats and Republicans provided similar proportion estimates, Democrats interpreted mortality to be higher than Republicans; Democrats also interpreted mortality to be higher for COVID-19 than Influenza. Block 2 examined responses to time series (line graphs); Democrats and Republicans estimated greater slopes for COVID-19 trend lines than Influenza lines ( p < .001); subjective judgements revealed a disease x political party interaction ( p < .05). Democrats and Republicans indicated similar subjective rates of change for COVID-19 trends, and Democrats indicated lower subjective rates of change for Influenza than in any other condition. Thus, while Democrats and Republicans saw the graphs similarly in terms of percentages and line slopes, their subjective interpretations diverged. While we may see graphs of infectious disease data similarly from a purely mathematical or geometric perspective, our political affiliations may moderate how we subjectively interpret the data.
When City Meets Rural: Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Identity Construction When Teaching in Rural Schools
Authors: Ai Bin , Li Xueshan , Li Guofang
Published: March 2022

Every year, a number of Chinese undergraduates from urban teacher universities are selected as volunteer pre-service teachers to teach in schools located in underdeveloped rural areas. In this qualitative case study, the researchers explore four pre-service teachers’ 1-year experience as volunteer educators in rural schools, their communities of practice in the south and west of China, and present their reflections on the challenges, including how their responses (re)shaped their teacher identity. It is found that these pre-service teachers have built their social capital through rural teaching experience, and they have begun to construct their professional teacher identity within that transitional community of teaching practice. The paper contributes to discussions of pre-service teacher education and pre-service teacher identity construction in the context of secondary education in rural China and in other parts of the world.
Improving Modal Verb Treatment in English Textbooks Used by Chinese Learners: A Corpus-Based Approach
Authors: Li Lexi Xiaoduo
Published: March 2022

This study demonstrates how native and learner corpora can enhance modal verb treatment in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) textbooks used in mainland China. Data analysis compares modal verbs in the textbook and native corpus by referring to distributional features, semantic functions and co-occurring constructions; and the analysis of the learner corpus refers to the use/misuse of modal verbs. A corpora comparison considers the authenticity of textbook language; and examination of learner use/misuse of modal verbs provides a learner perspective for textbook presentation that is applicable to learning difficulties. In this regard, this study highlights discrepancies between textbook treatment of modal verbs and authentic modal use in constructions, distributions and semantic functions, and its application of error analysis reveals inter/intra-linguistic interference in the use of modal verbs. This study can thus contribute to a corpus-informed and learner-centered design of grammar presentation in EFL textbooks that enhances the authenticity and appropriateness of textbook language for target learners.
Use of small animal PET-CT imaging for in vivo assessment of tendon-to-bone healing: A pilot study
Authors: Schär Michael O , Ma Richard , Demange Marco , Morgan Matthew , Chen Tina , Ballon Douglas J , Dyke Jonathan P , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A
Published: March 2022

Background

The availability of non-invasive means to evaluate and monitor tendon-bone healing processes in-vivo is limited. Micro Positron-Emission-Tomography (µPET) using 18F-Fluoride is a minimally invasive imaging modality, with which osteoblast activity and bone turnover can be assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of serial in-vivo µPET/CT scans to evaluate bone turnover along the graft-tunnel interface in a rat ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction model.

Methods

Unilateral autograft ACL reconstruction was performed in six rats. µPET/CT-scans using 18F-Fluoride were performed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days postoperatively. Standard uptake values (SUV) were calculated for three tunnel regions (intraarticular aperture (IAA), mid-tunnel, and extraarticular aperture (EAA)) of the proximal tibia. Animals were sacrificed at 28 days and evaluated with µCT and histological analysis.

Results

SUVs in both bone tunnels showed an increased 18F-Fluoride uptake at 7 days when compared to 14, 21, and 28 days. SUVs showed a gradient on the tibial side, with most bone turnover in the IAA and least in the EAA. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, there were significantly higher SUV values in the IAA compared to the EAA ( p = .01, < .01, < .01, < .01). SUVs positively correlated with new bone volumetric density obtained with μCT (r = 0.449, p = .013). Volumetric density of newly formed bone detected on μCT correlated with osteoblast numbers observed along the tunnels in histological sections (r = 0.452, p < .016).

Conclusions

Serial in-vivo µPET/CT-scanning has the potential to provide insight into bone turnover and therefore osteoblastic activity during the healing process. As a result, it allows us to directly measure the effect of interventional strategies in tendon-bone healing.
Characteristic Neuro-Linguistic Styles in Young Arabic Speaking Children Diagnosed with ASD
Authors: Diamond Gary , Badir Eman , Almog Shelly , Badir Gumma , Jaoussy Labwa , Akawi Ashraf , Jaber Lutfi
Published: March 2022

Evaluations of all Arabic speaking children age 3–9.0 years with significant speech delays or impairments, referred to a community based, child development center in the public health care system during a 5-year period were reviewed.

Use of an inordinate degree of words and expressions in Fossha version of classical Arabic, mainly used in the media, children's literature and formalized venues, as well as in English, was highly associated with ASD, especially among those who were both more intelligent (IQ> 70), as well as older (greater than 4 years), (Pearson 7.29, Fisher 2-tailed test, p = 0.015).

The use of "out of context" speech embedded in ordinary Arabic vernacular was associated with a higher degree of speech stereotypy (p < 0.001) among children with ASD, and unrelated statistically to the number of hours of screen viewing time, jargoning or associative speech.

Idiosyncratic speech choices reflect neuro-linguistic mechanisms in social communication- impaired youngsters.
The Concepts of Social Space and Social Value: An Interpretation of Clinical Nursing Practice in Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Hong T. P , Windsor Carol
Published: March 2022

This research draws on broader inquiry that explores the construction of the spatial positioning of nurses in Vietnam and how power structures sustained that positioning. Observations and individual interviews were undertaken with 32 registered nurses. Analysis of participant data and relevant policy documents moved beyond coding to theorising and thus to the abstraction of key concepts. Social space and social value were significant concepts developed in the research. The concept of space reflected the ways in which nurses constantly engaged in processes of negotiation to embed a sense of control over their practice. The related concept of social value brought focus to a power structure whereby the fiscal priorities of health care managers reinforced a disconnect between the use and exchange values of nurses. An interpretation of power relations that underpinned the material and symbolic spaces in which nurses worked was framed within the historical context of Vietnam.
Evaluating Pediatric Families’ Understanding of and Reactions to COVID-19 Visitor Restrictions
Authors: Hyczko Alexis V , Fu Chenqi , Graf Zeva , Perkowski Caroline D , Whyte-Nesfield Mekela M , Zhou Shouhao , Zurca Adrian D
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in hospital visitor policies and little is known about the impact on patients and their families. This study evaluated families’ understanding of and reactions to COVID-19-related visitor restriction policy at an academic children's hospital. We conducted a cross-sectional study with families of patients admitted to the pediatric ICU and general pediatric wards from September 2020 to November 2020. Parents (n = 73) completed a survey assessing communication, understanding of and satisfaction with visitor policies, strategies of coping with illness, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize data. Associations between outcomes and participant characteristics were examined. A majority (88%) of respondents reported hospital visitor restrictions were explained, usually in-person (94%), and understood the policy “very well” (68%), but none correctly identified all reasons for visitation restrictions. Eighty-five percent reported other family/friends would have visited, however minority families were more likely to report they would have had fewer visitors if restrictions were not in place ( P = 0.0385). A majority (69%) were satisfied with how the hospital handled visitor polices, and parents of older children were more satisfied ( P < .0001). HADS scores were consistent with anxiety or depression in about half of respondents. Forty percent of respondents believed restrictions affected their own and their child's ability to cope during hospitalization. Parents expressed satisfaction with and understanding of visitor policies but did not understand the rationale for visitor restrictions. Visitor restrictions may impact parental and child coping and mental health outcomes.
A Patient and Public Involvement Study to Explore the Need for Further Research into the Experience of Younger Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Mew L. , Heaslip V. , Immins T. , Wainwright T. W.
Published: March 2022

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most commonly performed operations in orthopaedics. It is an operation usually performed in older patients, however the need for THA in younger patients is increasing. There is a lack of literature examining whether current recovery pathways address the specific needs of younger patients. Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) is a core aspect of good research practice and is recommended throughout the research process, including the formulation and refinement of pertinent research questions. Therefore, the explicit aim of this PPI study was to collect qualitative data from patients on the feasibility and requirement for further research into the experience of younger hip arthroplasty patients. Methods: Qualitative data was collected via an online questionnaire that was advertised on social media, requesting the input of anybody who had experienced a lower limb musculoskeletal injury or condition before the age of 50. The survey asked the respondents to describe their experiences and reflect on their priorities and goals throughout their recovery. Results: There were 71 respondents, of which 90% were female, with an average age of 43. Qualitative responses identified many concerns that were issues that could be translated across all patient ages. However, other priorities were raised that are not always recognised as important when measuring successful outcomes after a THA. Furthermore, many respondents described not feeling listened to by clinicians or treatment options not being sufficiently addressed and explored. Multiple respondents reported being told they were too young to have anything serious or that nothing could be done until they were older. Conclusions: The responses to the survey indicate that current care pathways are not fulfilling the needs and priorities in younger patients. Further research is required to explore these priorities and goals in more depth in order to understand how healthcare professionals can address them.
Development and Test of a Decision Aid for Shared Decision Making in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Mainz Hanne , Frandsen Lone , Lind Martin , Fauno Peter , Lomborg Kirsten
Published: March 2022

Background. Patients with anterior crucial ligament injury are faced with a choice between surgery or nonsurgical treatment with intensive rehabilitation. Patients must be involved in the decision making to choose a treatment that meets their individual values, lifestyle, and conditions. The aim of the study was to describe, develop, and evaluate a patient decision aid to support shared decision making. Methods. The development of a patient decision aid was based on international criteria, current literature, and former patients’ experiences and suggestions on how to optimize the decision-making process. The patient decision aid was evaluated by the SDM-Q9 questionnaire and semistructured interviews with patients and doctors. Results. On a scale from 0 to 5, patients experienced a high degree of shared decision making in their treatment decision both before (score 4.3) and after (score 4.3) implementation of the patient decision aid ( P = .72). From interviews, patients expressed that they found the patient decision aid very useful. Reflection time was especially important for some patients. Doctors reported that the patient decision aid improved shared decision making by supporting the dialogue clarifying patients’ values concerning issues important for treatment choices. Conclusion. A systematic process involving patients with an anterior crucial ligament injury was successfully used to develop a patient decision aid for treatment options. No statistically significant difference in the SDM-Q9 score was found presumably caused by the ceiling effect. However, patients experienced the decision aid as very useful when making treatment decisions, and doctors reported that it improved the dialogue clarifying patients’ values important for the treatment options. The developing process and patient decision aid can be used as inspiration in similar situations to increase shared decision making in treatment choices.

Highlights

A patient decision aid for anterior cruciate ligament injured patients was developed based on international criteria, the current literature, and patients’ experiences and suggestions on how to optimize the decision-making process about surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The decision aid improved shared decision making by supporting the dialog between the patient and the doctor to clarify the patients’ values concerning issues important for the treatment options.
The making of low-carbon urbanism: Climate change, discursive strategy, and rhetorical decarbonization in Chinese cities
Authors: Li Yunjing , Lin George C. S.
Published: March 2022

Existing studies of the incorporation of climate mitigation into urban governance are concerned overwhelmingly with the material aspects of low-carbon urbanism. Emphasis is placed upon the measurable, quantifiable, and technical characteristics of carbon, whereas the (uneven) leverage of its rhetoric value across different state spaces/scales is largely overlooked. This paper engages with ongoing theoretical enquiries through a study that applies a discursive-analytical perspective to examining the rise of low-carbon cities (LCCs) and the actual practicing of rhetorical decarbonization strategies in Shenzhen, China. The making of the LCC is found to be incentivized by the perceived symbolic value and enabling power of the climate agenda in attracting higher-level government supports, maintaining local collations, and enticing international attention and investment. This enabling power depends on the interpretive flexibility within decarbonization discourse and the manipulation of the discourse to justify involuntary socio-economic changes. Findings of this research call for greater attention paid to the overlooked discursive dimensions of low-carbon urbanism as the constitutive elements of ongoing global urban transformation processes.
Detecting shifts in metropolitan structure: A spatial network perspective
Authors: Odell Harry , Navarro-López Eva María , Pinto Nuno , Deas Iain
Published: March 2022

The spatial distribution of metropolitan areas creates a complex system of competing and cooperating economic units. Understanding the size, scale and functional structure of such systems is an important topic in regional science. This paper uses commuter flow data over a 40 year period to analyse the changing structure of the Greater Manchester metropolitan area. We apply a combination of complex network analysis, residual network analysis and spatial network visualisation to detect Greater Manchester’s polycentric structure and identify intra-regional communities. This method is able to identify economic geographies in a highly complex and interdependent commuter network. We comment on the role of administrative boundaries in shaping metropolitan regions and discuss the potential of our work to inform debates on regional governance geographies and local government planning practices.
Promoting Plant-Based Therapies for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Kassianos Andrew J , Hoy Wendy E , Alam AHM Khurshid , Healy Helen G , Gobe Glenda C
Published: March 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debilitating, increasing in incidence worldwide, and a financial and social burden on health systems. Kidney failure, the final stage of CKD, is life-threatening if untreated with kidney replacement therapies. Current therapies using commercially-available drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, generally only delay the progression of CKD. This review article focuses on effective alternative therapies to improve the prevention and treatment of CKD, using plants or plant extracts. Three mechanistic processes that are well-documented in CKD pathogenesis are inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Many plants and their extracts are already known to ameliorate kidney dysfunction through antioxidant action, with subsequent benefits on inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments using plant-based therapies for pre-clinical research demonstrate some robust therapeutic benefits. In the CKD clinic, combination treatments of plant extracts with conventional therapies that are seen as relatively successful currently may confer additive or synergistic renoprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of recent research is to identify, rigorously test pre-clinically and clinically, and avoid any toxic outcomes to obtain optimal therapeutic benefit from medicinal plants. This review may prove to be a filtering tool to researchers into complementary and alternative medicines to find out the current trends of using plant-based therapies for the treatment of kidney diseases, including CKD.
Towards positions of safe uncertainty
Authors: Mason Barry
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the place of certainty and uncertainty in therapeutic practice. It suggests that for many, there has been a theoretical shift in the field of family therapy from a first- to a second-order perspective. To remain coherent with this shift in thinking requires a shift in practice in relation to this different way of thinking. The paper proposes one way of working towards this coherence through the use of a simple framework for working with uncertainty and highlights its application for a number of different contexts including training.
Using Social Media in Project Management: Behavioral, Cognitive, and Environmental Challenges
Authors: Ram Jiwat , Titarenko Roman
Published: March 2022

This article offers some significant insights on the challenges of using social media in project management, using survey responses from 167 managerial and senior-level staff to an open-ended question. Data analysis, underpinned by SCT, was performed using systematic coding and matrix coding query techniques in NVivo (version 12.0) software. Results show that the use of social media in project management leads to challenges, including (1) behavioral (a “write first, think later” tendency; a lack of direction and focus in discussions), (2) cognitive (impaired decision-making owing to a lack of suitable and complete information), and (3) environmental (management of access control and accountabilities; information leakage) challenges. Implications are discussed.
Structural insights into collagen binding by platelet receptor glycoprotein VI
Authors: Feitsma Louris J. , Brondijk Harma C. , Jarvis Gavin E. , Hagemans Dominique , Bihan Dominique , Jerah Natasia , Versteeg Marian , Farndale Richard W. , Huizinga Eric G.
Published: March 2022

Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) mediates collagen-induced platelet activation after vascular damage and is an important contributor to the onset of thrombosis, heart attack, and stroke. Animal models of thrombosis have identified GPVI as a promising target for antithrombotic therapy. Although for many years the crystal structure of GPVI has been known, the essential details of its interaction with collagen have remained elusive. Here, we present crystal structures of the GPVI ectodomain bound to triple-helical collagen peptides, which reveal a collagen-binding site across the β-sheet of the D1 domain. Mutagenesis and binding studies confirm the observed binding site and identify Trp76, Arg38, and Glu40 as essential residues for binding to fibrillar collagens and collagen-related peptides (CRPs). GPVI binds a site on collagen comprising two collagen chains with the core formed by the sequence motif OGPOGP. Potent GPVI-binding peptides from Toolkit-III all contain OGPOGP; weaker binding peptides frequently contain a partial motif varying at either terminus. Alanine-scanning of peptide III-30 also identified two AGPOGP motifs that contribute to GPVI binding, but steric hindrance between GPVI molecules restricts the maximum binding capacity. We further show that no cooperative interactions could occur between two GPVI monomers binding to a stretch of (GPO)5 and that binding of ≥2 GPVI molecules to a fibril-embedded helix requires non-overlapping OGPOGP motifs. Our structure confirms the previously suggested similarity in collagen binding between GPVI and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1) but also indicates significant differences that may be exploited for the development of receptor-specific therapeutics.
Deletion ofGrin1in mouse megakaryocytes reveals NMDA receptor role in platelet function and proplatelet formation
Authors: Hearn James I. , Green Taryn N. , Hisey Colin L. , Bender Markus , Josefsson Emma C. , Knowlton Nicholas , Baumann Juliane , Poulsen Raewyn C. , Bohlander Stefan K. , Kalev-Zylinska Maggie L.
Published: March 2022

The process of proplatelet formation (PPF) requires coordinated interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a dynamic reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Localized fluxes of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) facilitate MK-ECM interaction and PPF. Glutamate-gated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is highly permeable to Ca2+. NMDAR antagonists inhibit MK maturation ex vivo; however, there are no in vivo data. Using the Cre-loxP system, we generated a platelet lineage–specific knockout mouse model of reduced NMDAR function in MKs and platelets (Pf4-Grin1−/− mice). Effects of NMDAR deletion were examined using well-established assays of platelet function and production in vivo and ex vivo. We found that Pf4-Grin1−/− mice had defects in megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function, which manifested as reduced platelet counts, lower rates of platelet production in the immune model of thrombocytopenia, and prolonged tail bleeding time. Platelet activation was impaired to a range of agonists associated with reduced Ca2+ responses, including metabotropic like, and defective platelet spreading. MKs showed reduced colony and proplatelet formation. Impaired reorganization of intracellular F-actin and α-tubulin was identified as the main cause of reduced platelet function and production. Pf4-Grin1−/− MKs also had lower levels of transcripts encoding crucial ECM elements and enzymes, suggesting NMDAR signaling is involved in ECM remodeling. In summary, we provide the first genetic evidence that NMDAR plays an active role in platelet function and production. NMDAR regulates PPF through a mechanism that involves MK-ECM interaction and cytoskeletal reorganization. Our results suggest that NMDAR helps guide PPF in vivo.