bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of prospect corn varieties productivity under high-risk farming Amur river region area
Authors: Kuzmitskaya G. A , Menshinina I. Yu , Gashevskiy V. R
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the results of the study of corn hybrids of various ecological and geographical origin according to economic traits. The research was carried out during 2019-2021 in the nursery of the competitive variety trial of the fodder production department on the experimental plot of vegetable rotation of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute (FEARI) by the method of agro-climatic analogues as applicable to the extreme conditions of the Khabarovsk territory. The targets of research were 28 maize hybrids, 16 of which were selected by FEARI. The goal of research is сomparative assessment of the productivity of promising corn hybrids in conditions of risk farming zone in the Amur river region. The studied hybrids were divided into 2 groups: short-season hybrids (FAO - 150-199), 13 samples. The standard is the local selection Birsu hybrid. 2. middle-early hybrids (FAO - 200-299), 15 samples. The standard is released in the Khabarovsk territory Moldavian 215 SV hybrid. On average during the research period the grain productivity of most of the samples in the group of short-season hybrids didn’t exceed the characteristics of standard hybrid. Only Birsu (2-cob) hybrid stood out (+12.4 dt/ha). In terms of herbage and cob productivity almost all hybrids exceed the standard values (Birsu - 194,8; 106,6 dt/ha) by 9.7-126.2 and 9.0-29.49 dt/ha respectively. In the group of middle-early hybrids the Porumben 295 ASV x fertile restorer hybrid stood out. In terms of grain, herbage and cob productivity it exceeded the standard hybrid Moldavian 215 (59.7, 256.9, 110.4 dt/ha) by 31.7, 113.7 and 59.2 dt/ha respectively. Based on the research findings the selected by FEARI Alitet 2 advantageous hybrid was marked out. In terms of herbage productivity it exceed Birsu hybrid by 54.3% and in terms of cob productivity - by 26,1%. The hybrid is transferred to the state variety testing.
Field studies of the operation of the combined coulter
Authors: Chekusov M. S , Kem A. A , Mikhaltsov E. M , Shmidt A. N
Published: April 2024

The need to improve the working bodies of sowing machines is determined by the variety of physical and mechanical properties of seeds of agricultural crops, the complexity and methods of their sowing, as well as the requirements of agricultural technologies and the difference in soil and climatic conditions. A coulter design has been developed for the technology of resource-saving agriculture, which allows sowing grain crops with simultaneous application of granular mineral fertilizers below the seeding level. A set of coulters was made in relation to the seeder-cultivator SKP-2.1. In the fields of the Omsk ANC for three years from 2019 to 2021, field experiments were conducted to determine the quality and yield of spring soft wheat grain "Omsk 36", depending on the method of applying mineral fertilizers. When installing a set of developed coulters, the index "M" - UPC-2.1M was added to the name of the seeder. The results of the average yield and grain quality according to the conducted research options are presented by year. It was found that on plots where sowing was carried out by the developed design of coulters, on average, the yield increase was 11% or 0.3 t/ha, compared with sowing by mass-produced lancet coulters. The maximum yield increase of 16% or 0.4 t/ha is noted on the sowing variants with the UPC-2 seeder.1M with mineral fertilizer application rates of 150 and 200 kg/ha in physical weight. The largest mass of 1000 grains is 35.7 g., obtained on a plot sown with a seeder SKP-2.1M with fertilization of 150 kg/ha. On the same variant, on average for three years, the highest gluten content of 29.8%, as well as protein of 15.05%, is noted. The smallest mass of 1000 grains is 34.1 g., on the UPC-2.1 sowing variant without fertilization. The lack of fertilization in this variant affected the reduction of gluten to 27.4% and protein to 13.98% on average over three years.
Adaptability of winter triticale varieties on different backgrounds of mineral nutrient in the Middle Don conditions
Authors: Biryukov K. N , Grabovets A. I , Krokhmal A. V , Biryukova O. V , Lyashkov I. V
Published: April 2024

The research was carried out in order to study the adaptive features of winter triticale varieties depending on the level of mineral nutrition in the soil and climatic conditions of the north-western zone of the Rostov region. The work was carried out on medium-sized southern carbonate chernozem in 2012-2019. The material for the study was 10 varieties of winter triticale of their own selection. The scheme of the experiment included 12 backgrounds of mineral nutrition. The crops were placed on a black steam, the seeding rate was 4 million germinating seeds per 1 he for each agrophone. The agro-climatic conditions during the years of the experiment were contrasting. On average, over the years of research, the most favorable regime for realizing the potential productivity of winter triticale was formed when it was sown at high agrophones (144 ...208 kg of a.s./1 he). At the same time, the average port yield reached the level of 8.11...8.35 t/he of grain. The productive capabilities of all varieties (except Caprice) were high, they amounted to 98...111%. Under contrasting conditions of mineral nutrition, Ataman Platov and Donslav varieties had an optimal ratio between the needs of the genotype and the level of the agrophone. At the same time, they formed the maximum yield in the experiment (8.67 and 8.37 t/he, respectively). The Aztec variety had a wider range of adaptive capabilities than other varieties, so it has a high resistance to a limited amount of fertilizers. The Hector variety was characterized by minimal resistance to nutrient deficiency. According to the optimal combination of parameters of ecological plasticity and stability, the varieties Kapral, Skolot and Donslav were distinguished. In production conditions, they are of some value, since they are able to produce a stable grain yield with various fluctuations in the level of mineral nutrition.
Efficiency of foliar application of liquid mineral fertilizers on soybean crops
Authors: Marzhokhova M. H , Kashukoev M. V
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in 2020-2022 in the piedmont zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic on the “Cherek-Kolos” LLC lands. The soil is leached, medium-thick, slightly humus heavy loamy chernozem on carbonate clays. In an experiment to study the effectiveness of the macro-microelements foliar application in different forms on soybean culture, three factors were studied: varieties SK Veda - early-ripening, Rubin - mid-ripening (factor A); treatment of vegetative plants with liquid mineral fertilizers (factor B); processing time (factor C). The maximum values of soybean yield regardless of the variety were achieved when vegetative soybean plants were treated with the nutrient deficiency corrector Polidon Bor. Maximum productivity is achieved when soybean plants are treated in the primordial leaf phase.
Crop rotation optimization on the Chechen Republic slope landscapes
Authors: Nakhaev M. R
Published: April 2024

Optimization of crop rotations of grain specialization is currently an urgent task in the light of modern economic realities. In this regard, experiments were conducted on the slope landscapes of the Chechen Republic, in which four crop rotations and two plots with permanent crops of winter wheat and spring barley were studied. Studies of crop contamination, crop structure, grain yield from a unit of crop rotation area have shown that the most optimal crop rotation is a five-field grain-pair crop rotation: black steam - winter wheat - spring wheat - peas - spring barley. The yield of grain per unit of crop area in this crop rotation was 56-57% higher than in the first variant, 37-39% higher than in the second variant, 36-37% higher than in the third variant, 13-14% higher than in the fourth variant, 4-5% higher than in the fifth variant and it was equal to 2.79 t/ha on a sloping landscape.
Relationship between exterior features with milk component composition of ayrshire cows
Authors: Romanova E. A , Tulinova O. V , Pozovnikova M. V , Vasilyeva E. N , Petrova A. V , Leibova V. B
Published: April 2024

In order to effectively manage the genetic resources of the Ayrshire cattle population and conduct a directed selection of the parent group to improve traits related to productive longevity and milk quality, a study was conducted to identify the relationship between the linear assessment of the conformation, as well as the udder and leg indices (UDC and FLC) with the main indicators of the component composition of milk. As a result of the conformation type assessment, it was found that the quality of the udder of cows of the first calving had, on average, positive estimates: UDC = +1.0 ± 0.09 units of genetic deviation, due to the high rates of attachment of the front udder lobes, the height of attachment of the hind lobes and the udder furrow. An average negative value of the leg composition index (FLC = -0.2±0.07) was noted, which is associated with a low classification score of the limbs and insufficient heel height in the study sample. Animals with better udder attachment and strong legs from the UDC≥0 and FLC≥0 groups produced milk with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by 0.008 g/100 g (P≤0.01), along with this, milk from cows with more healthy limbs contained less somatic cells (SCC), urea (Urea) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The difference between the groups UDC≥0 and UDC
Spring wheat and triticale varieties productivity in risk farming area
Authors: Zenkina K. V , Aseeva T. A
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in 2015-2022 at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture (Khabarovsk Territory). The object of study is released varieties of spring wheat (Khabarovchanka, Lira-98, Anfeya) and spring triticale (Ukro, Rovnya, Grebeshok). Agrometeorological conditions during the years of research were varied: 2015, 2016, 2019, 2022 - with excessive moisture, 2021 - insufficient precipitation, 2017, 2018 - within the average annual values. As a result of the research, it was found that under favorable conditions, the yield of triticale varieties was 45.2-79.8 centners per hectare, under the influence of limited factors, this indicator decreases by 3.6-5.0 times, and the formation of the productivity of wheat samples in the region is more stable. (average yield was 33.6-51.4 сentners per hectare). In terms of grain quality, there were differences in grain crops - wheat varieties accumulate a high amount of protein in grain (more than 15 %), triticale samples have the highest content of lysine in grain (more than 400 mg/%). It was revealed that the signs of productivity in the zone of risky farming in triticale and wheat varieties are inversely correlated with agrometeorological environmental conditions. High correlations were noted between: yield and heat in July for the triticale variety Grebeshok (r=0.75), grain size and heat in May and July for samples of triticale Grebeshok and Rovnya (r=0.74 and r=0.73 respectively), yield and amount of precipitation in June for wheat varieties Khabarovchanka and Lira-98 (r= -0.77 and r= -0.78 respectively), weight of 1000 grains and surface air temperature for variety Lira-98 (r= - 0.78).
Sources of selective-valuable traits of spring soft wheat in South Dagestan conditions
Authors: Shikhmuradov A. Z
Published: April 2024

In 2019-2021 the 1985 samples of spring soft wheat from the world collection of the Vavilov N.I. All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after (VIR) on a set of selection-valuable traits. Field and laboratory evaluations were carried out according to the VIR guidelines. As a result of the field study, samples of spring soft wheat with a complex of breeding valuable traits and combining high grain productivity were identified. Particularly important for breeding are samples that combine resistance to a complex of diseases (powdery mildew, brown and yellow rust) with high productivity from India - k-6414, k-5627, Afghanistan - k-12437.
New direction in organic fertilizer production
Authors: Lachuga Yu. F , Zenilov V. I
Published: April 2024

Our analysis of existing methods of production of organic fertilizers does not allow us to effectively solve the problem of reproduction of soil fertility. Computer simulation of the mixing process in the burts by various aggregates showed the extreme unevenness of the distribution of particles of the resulting compost. The assimilation of organic matter in the soil is less than 2%. The recently widespread method of composting in rotating drums leads to the release of ammonia, which indicates the ongoing process of ammonification, which means that the decomposition of organic matter under the influence of putrefactive, moldy and other microorganisms. The resulting compost causes some damage to the soil and crop. A new direction in the production of organic fertilizers is proposed, based on the cultivation of soil microorganisms in special rooms of the microbiological community. These microorganisms, in turn, produce enzymes that significantly accelerate the biochemical processes in the formation of soil humus.
Correlation of structural indicators of winter wheat with grain productivity influenced by contrasting meteorological conditions in the central region
Authors: Levakova O. V , Zharkova E. D
Published: April 2024

Field research was carried out in the nursery of competitive variety testing in 2018-2022 on the selection fields of ISA-a branch of the FSBI FNAC VIM of the Ryazan region. The objects of the study were the hydrothermal conditions of the region and the structural elements of the productivity of the best varieties of their own selection: Viola, Felicia, Galatea, Anfisa, Boyarka, Ivita, Vimitsa (GSI), Adarka (GSI) and 3 promising lines with consistently high yields over the years of research. The revealed interrelations between yield and the elements of productivity that determine it in the continuously changing external conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation allowed us to establish that such indicators as "number of plants before harvesting" - r=+0.887, "mass of 1000 grains" - r=+0.806, "number of productive stems" - r=+0.613 and "plant height" - r=+0.494 have the main influence on the formation of productivity of winter wheat varieties/lines selected for analysis. The main factor limiting the productivity of grain crops in the area of our research is the lack of atmospheric moisture. The amount of precipitation and the SCC of the growing season significantly affect the "height of plants" (r=+0.761...+0.863), "number of productive stems" (r=+0.556...+0.687), "ear length" (r=+0.598...+0.684), "coefficient of productive bushiness" (r=+0.592...+0.723), "the number of grains in the ear" (r=+0.304...+0.484), "the mass of grain from the ear" (r=+0.301...+0.506). The sum of effective temperatures had a negative relationship (r≥-0,500) with almost all elements of productivity.
Apple trees varieties of VNIISPK selection in production
Authors: Korneeva S. A , Sedov E. N , Yanchuk T. V
Published: April 2024

The creation and improvement of adaptive apple assortment for industrial gardening in the Central zone of Russia is the main goal of the continuous work of breeders and specialists of related specialties of VNIISPK. A group of apple cultivars of various maturation periods has been created for both industrial gardening and amateur household farms. These apple cultivars are characterized by high adaptability to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, suitability for modern industrial production; they have attractive fruits with excellent taste and high content of biologically active substances. Fifteen VNIISPK cultivars are immune to scab along with a complex of economically valuable traits. The presence of the gene of immunity to scab in cultivars leads to a decrease in the fungicidal load in the orchard and, as a consequence, to the ecologization of fruit products. Nineteen VNIISPK apple cultivars are triploid. This biological feature is of great economic importance. Triploid cultivars are characterized by high-quality fruits, more regular fruiting and high yield. Seven triploid cultivars are also immune to scab, which increases their value. The share of apple cultivars of our breeding recommended for the Central Chernozem region is 44%, and for the Central region - 23% of the total apple assortment. Our apple cultivars not only satisfy the traditional tastes of the population, but are also characterized by a complex of biological and economically valuable features that allow them to be successfully introduced into intensive orchards, thereby playing an important role in solving the problem of import substitution of fruit products and year-round provision of fresh apples to the population. In many areas of the Central and Central Chernozem regions of Russia, the orchards are planted with VNIISPK cultivars. In Altukhovo LLC, Tula region, these orchards occupy 540 hectares. The average level of profitability of cultivation of 6 cultivars of VNIISPK breeding in this farm has amounted to 72.8% over the past five years. In the joint-stock company "Dubovoye" (Tambov region), the total area with our apple cultivars is 167.2 hectares with a profitability of 73.7%. In the “Komsomolets” stud farm (Tambov region), the average level of profitability for three VNIISPK cultivars occupying 48 hectares has amounted to 125.7% over the past five years.&
Effectiveness of new agromeliorations under barley cultivation in radionuclide soil contamination
Authors: Sviridenko D. G , Arysheva S. P , Petrov K. V , Ivankin N. G , Balanova O. Yu , Suslov A. A
Published: April 2024

Based on the results of three-year production tests, the effectiveness of new agromeliorants (PhosAgro NPK complex fertilizer and Gumiton organo-mineral complex) was evaluated when growing barley on radioactively contaminated sandy loam soddy-podzolic soils of Novozybkovsky district of Bryansk region. It is shown that non-root treatment of barley crops in the earing phase with Gumiton (1 l/ha) without the use of fertilizer contributed to an increase in grain yield by 17-29% relative to the control, depending on the year. The introduction of PhosAgro NPK fertilizer (0.3 t/ha) gave an increase in yield of 22-39%. The combined use of fertilizer and the drug increased the yield by 18-72%. The multiplicity of the decrease in the intake of 137Cs in grain during the treatment of crops with Gumiton was up to 2.3 times, with the combined use of the drug and fertilizer - up to 4.7 times compared with the control. The use of Gumiton and PhosAgro NPK guaranteed the production of grain with a content of 137Cs corresponding to the standards of Sanitary Rules and Regulations 2.3.2. 2650-10. The conditional net income per 1 ruble of costs for processing barley crops with Gumiton amounted to 3.75-17.6 rubles, depending on the year. Both the introduction of PhosAgro NPK and the treatment of barley crops with Gumiton did not significantly affect the grain quality indicators: the content of protein, ash, fat, fiber. Thus, it is shown that the organo-mineral complex Gumiton and complex fertilizer PhosAgro NPK are effective agromeliorants in barley cultivation technologies in conditions of radioactive contamination of soils.
Ecological problems of soil science and farming
Authors: Dudkin I. V , Zhilyakov D. I , Dolgopolova N. V , Malysheva E. V
Published: April 2024

The article noted the importance of respect for the natural environment in agricultural land use. Separate directions of human impact on the soil, plants and other objects of agroecosystems are considered. The negative role of soil erosion, which has become widespread, is indicated. Soil loses in some fields reaches 20 t/ha. In the Kursk region the 23% of arable land is eroded. Erosion leads to a decrease in the content of humus and nutrients in the soil. Measures to eliminate it are hydraulic structures, anti-erosion organization of the territory, the system of contour-reclamation agriculture, forest reclamation measures, soil protection tillage, crop rotation and others. In order to increase the soil-protective properties of the vegetation cover in crop rotations, the areas of winter crops and perennial grasses are increased. A seeded fallow is used instead of an unoccupied one. The article gives examples of creating an anti-erosion agro-environment. The reasons for the acquisition of toxic properties by the soil are considered. The main sources of toxicants entering to the soil are pesticides, mineral fertilizers and other agrochemicals. Under certain conditions crop rotation and tillage can increase toxicity. Our studies showed that the toxicity of soil under winter wheat, which was preceded by green manure fallow, was lower than when it was grown in black and seeded fallow. The positive role of both organic and mineral fertilizers in increasing the biological activity of the soil and reducing its toxicity has been established. Drawn attention to the problem of ensuring product quality and food safety. The biologization of agriculture is indicated as a necessary direction for improving the ecological state of agricultural landscapes. The biologization factors are named - crop rotation, intermediate crops, perennial grasses, the use of organic fertilizers (manure, composts, green manure, straw). A reserve for the cultivated plants protection against weeds and a possible alternative to chemical measures (the phytocenotic method) have been identified. The importance of an integrated approach in solving the environmental problems of soil science and agriculture is noted.
Productivity, metabolites of blood serum lipid metabolism and chemical composition of the broiler chicken liver on the background of feeding emulsifiers
Authors: Ryazantseva K. V , Sizova E. A , Nechitaylo K. S
Published: April 2024

Emulsifiers are used in animal nutrition to improve fat emulsification and increase absorption. The liver is the central organ controlling lipid homeostasis. The aim of the research was identification the effect of feeding various types of substances with emulsifying properties: soy lecithin and Lesimaks Premium feed additive on productivity, metabolites of lipid metabolism in blood serum and the chemical composition of the liver of broiler chickens. Our studies show the effectiveness of "Lesimaks Premium" to a greater extent in comparison with soy lecithin. By the end of the experiment, the lead in live weight of broiler chickens compared to the control was 7.9%. In the experiment, both emulsifiers changed the fatty acid composition of the liver, while oleic acid increased and linoleic acid decreased in the liver, against the background of an increase in HDL and a decrease in serum LDL. The study highlights the promising potential for improving broiler performance through the use of emulsifiers in diets.
Evaluation of perennial poaceae grasses species and varieties for creating lawns
Authors: Novitskiy G. G , Zolotarev V. N
Published: April 2024

Under the conditions of the Moscow region, in a field experiment, a comparative assessment of 6 types of perennial grasses and 13 of their varieties was carried out in the lawn mode of use for 12 years. It has been established that in the first year of life, the highest intensity of tillering in the first two to three months was observed in perennial ryegrass, meadow fescue and giant bentgrass. The projective cover of single-species lawns from these species amounted to 92-96% by autumn. In the first year, red fescue was characterized by lower development rates and by the beginning of autumn formed a high-quality lawn with a closed-mosaic structure and 71-79% projective cover, depending on the variety used. The slowest formation of lawns in the year of sowing was noted for meadow bluegrass, which provided projective cover in different varieties from 14 to 60%. The bluegrass lawns reached their maximum density mainly in the third year. The most high-quality lawn with a closed-diffuse composition and 100% projective cover was formed already in the first year when using a grass mixture with the participation of varieties of red fescue, meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass, bent grass, a mixture of meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass and giant bent grass, as well as a mixture of these species with varieties of bluegrass, red fescue and meadow timothy. The best longevity with a high density of shoots and close-diffuse composition with more than 90% annual projective cover for 12 years was distinguished by lawns from red fescue varieties Dipa and Celianna. In polyspecific lawns with the participation of bluegrass meadow, the share of its shoots in the total structure did not exceed 17-38%. Starting from the eighth year, due to the low vegetative mobility of red fescue, there was a consistent increase in the number of bluegrass shoots in the lawn. With intensive constant use of the lawn for sports, the grass mixture with a predominance of up to 90% of bluegrass meadow variety Balin turned out to be the most stable.
Susceptibility to certain types of scab in the Karelia’s conditions
Authors: Evstratova L. P , Nikolaeva E. V
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a three-year field experiment to study potato yields, as well as the incidence of Kholmogorsky (early ripening) and Nevsky (middle early) varieties with black scurf and silver scurf when planting visually infection-free seed tubers with varying degrees of growth cracks. Tuber cracking can be caused by abiotic, biological and anthropogenic factors. Tuber cracking leads to a decrease in the marketability, an increase in waste during mechanical peeling of potatoes, an increase in the likelihood of its infection with pathogens. It was found that the maximum shortage of the crop was detected with the greatest degree of fracturing of the seed material. The use of tubers with such a defect for planting caused a 1.1-fold decrease in the yield of the studied varieties relative to the controls - without growth cracks. With the intensification of the development of functional disease on potatoes, the prevalence of black scurf increased (by 8.3) and silver scurf (7.6%), especially in the early-maturing Kholmogorsky variety.
Ascorbic acid content in summer apple tree varieties fruit depending of rootstock and metrological conditions of vegetable
Authors: Galasheva A. M , Makarkina M. A , Vetrova O. A
Published: April 2024

One of the quality indicators of fruits is their chemical composition, which depends on the cultivar, growing conditions, degree of maturity and a number of other factors. It varies in less stable cultivars with sudden changes in the weather conditions of the growing season. Apples contain one of the important antioxidant vitamins - ascorbic acid. In the temperate zone of horticulture, the average content of ascorbic acid in apple fruits is 10-15 mg/100 g. The correct selection of graft-rootstock combinations is important, since the rootstock affects the metabolic processes occurring in the fruit plant, including the chemical composition of the fruit. The objects of the studies were summer apple cultivars Orlinka and Yablochny Spas on various types of rootstocks - vegetatively propagated 62-396 and intercalary 62-396 and 3-17-38, grown at the site of variety studies at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). As a result of the conducted five-year studies, it was found that the meteorological conditions of the growing season had the greatest influence. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was observed in a year with excessive moisture during the active formation and development of the ovary and with drought during fruit ripening. Having conducted a comparative characterization of Yablochny Spas and Orlinka on clone rootstock 62-396 and dwarf intercalaries 62-396 and 3-17-38 in terms of ascorbic acid content in fruits, it was revealed that there were no significant differences between graft-rootstock combinations and cultivars.
The effectiveness of improving plant selection in obtaining potato minitubers
Authors: Evstratova L. P , Kuznetsova L. A , Nikolaeva E. V
Published: April 2024

The results of improving selection of the early ripeness potato plants varieties - the Red Scarlett, the Latona, the Impala in the original seed production of the culture are presented. During two years of research, visual evaluation of the best progenies by the number and weight of tubers correspondes to the results of their selection using cluster and step-by-step discriminant analyses by 35.3%. 50.0. and 62.5%. In the studied varieties, improving selection based on visual diagnostics contributes to obtaining more fruitful progenies with the average tubers weight of 73.5-147.1 g and a large fraction tubers with 67.7-103.7 g per plant. Additionally, the above mentioned methods of multivariate statistical analysis made it possible to identify the progenies of the Red Scarlett and the Impala varieties with increased weights of medium (105.9 - 155.4 g) and large (93.9 - 136.2 g) fractions, and the Latona varieties - of all the three fractions (96, 0 - 165.0 g). These progenies have a potential for more efficient management of the original potato seed production.
Assessment the Kalmyk cattle breed genetic diversity in the Kalmykia republic based on genome-wide analysis
Authors: Gorlov I. F , Slozhenkina M. I , Fedorov Yu. N , Anisimova E. Yu , Karpenko E. V , Badmaeva K. E , Ubushieva V. S
Published: April 2024

In the article results of the biodiversity evaluation of the indigenous breed resources of cattle of the Republic of Kalmykia by whole-genome genotyping are presented. The objects of research were samples of biomaterial obtained from two herds of Kalmyk cattle raised in the Republic of Kalmykia (n = 20). Other samples for population-genetic studies were taken from L.K. Ernst FRC (Podolsk, Russia). Modern molecular-genetics and bioinformatics methods were used in this research. As a result, DNA was isolated and comparative study was carried out. The obtained DNA samples are suitable for carrying out whole-genome SNP studies using Bovine SNP HD BeadChip according to their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The concentration of double-stranded DNA in the studied samples varied up 16 to 80 ng/µl, the ratio of OD260/OD280 varied up 1.77 to 2.12. The efficiency of genotyping (call rate) varied up 99.72 to 99.84%. The novelty of this research is the genetic diversity of two populations of Kalmyk cattle raised in the Republic of Kalmykia was established at the first time using high-density DNA chips and population-genetic estimation was also carried out for comparison with three breeds of Turano-Mongolian origin. Kalmyk breed have shown the highest level of genetic diversity compared to other breeds of Turano-Mongolian origin. This fact may be a consequence of the use of free mating in the breeding , as well as a relatively high number of Kalmyk cattle compared to other breeds. The minimum level of genetic diversity established in the Yakut breed is a consequence of the small number of livestock. The results obtained will be useful in the development of breeding and conservation programs of the Kalmyk cattle.
Plant growth regulators as an inhibitory factor of fusarium on oat culture in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Temirbekova S. K , Polivanova O. B , Bastaubaeva Sh. O , Kalashnikova E. A , Begeulov M. Sh , Merkuryev N. V , Sychev R. V , Afanasyeva Yu. V , Ionova N. E
Published: April 2024

The antioxidant defense system can be stimulated by growth regulators in plants when they are under stress, such as exposure to pathogens. There are a lot of natural growth regulators on the market, but no research has been carried out yet to determine how effective they are. This field and laboratory study examines the impact of two commonly used Russian growth regulators, Crezacin and Zircon, along with artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum on the antioxidant system of naked oat. The results show that, compared to the control, Crezacin-treated plants had higher contents of low molecular weight fructose and nonenzymatic antioxidants like proline, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Zircon-treated plants had a lower content of proline, carbohydrates, and lower total antioxidant activity than the control plants. The obtained data show that Crezacin treatment mainly affected nonenzymatic systems of the antioxidant defense. This treatment was more successful than the Zircon application, which did not show any appreciable effectiveness and was typically associated with an improvement in oat productivity. The treatment with growth regulators and a fungal suspension performed at the flowering phase provided the best effect on the biochemical parameters and productivity of naked oats. Moreover, oat treatment with the pathogen promoted the reproductive capabilities of the plants, while growth regulators helped in avoiding infectious stress.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Sewage Sludge and Lime on the Gross Content and Concentration of Mobile Forms of Heavy Metals in Sandy Loam Sod-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Frid A. S. , Kasatikov V. A. , Borisochkina T. I. , Kolchanova K. A. , Nikitina N. S.
Published: April 2024

The long-term dynamics of the gross content and concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals (TM) in the soil of a microfield experiment laid in 1984 on sod-podzolic gleevate sandy loam soil on moraine loam (Vladimir region) is considered. Various large doses of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and lime (dolomite flour) were introduced as meliorants. Despite the duration of the field experiment, sampling to compare the variants of the experiment on the content of TM in the soil turned out to be insufficiently systematic. Therefore, comparisons were made only on the basis of 3-4 years, and with insufficient comparability of analytical data. As a result, if in some years a significant dependence of the TM content in the soil on the doses of meliorants was obtained, then in the long-term plan, basically we can only talk about trends. From the point of view of contamination of the arable soil layer, it was found that the gross content of Cd, Zn, As was greater than the standard of approximate permissible concentration (APC) in all variants of the experiment (including control); the same is shown for Cu in all variants except control, and for Ni at maximum doses of MSS. Soil contamination in the control appears to be associated with lateral transport. Most of the total Cd and Cu content was extracted with mononormal acids. The content of mobile copper (AAB pH 4.8) (compared with acidsoluble) reacted poorly to the introduction of ameliorants.
Role and Efficiency of Retardants in Tobacco Growing Technology
Authors: Plotnikova T. V. , Gvozdetskaya S. V.
Published: April 2024

The effect of retardants on tobacco plants in the seedling and field periods has been studied. It was found that two-time treatment of seedlings with the Athlete retardant in the phases ears and suitable for planting seedlings at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 and a single treatment at a dose of 3.5 ml/m2 in the phase suitable for planting seedlings contributed to the suspension of plant growth. There was a decrease in the length of tobacco plants by 3-17, a thickening of the stem diameter by 14-19, an increase in the mass of stems by 4-11 and the mass of roots by 44-50%. The yield of standard seedlings in the versions treated with a retardant increased by 5-6%. The degree of development of the root system of plants, established by the ability to retain a nutrient mixture, increased by 61-100%. A single application of the fertilizer with the retardant properties of Cultifort Raiz at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 in the phase suitable for planting seedlings contributed to a reduction in the length of tobacco plants by 2-8, an increase in the diameter of the stem by 5, the mass of stems by 8, roots by 68%. The ability of the root system to retain the greenhouse mixture increased by 118%. An increase in the yield of standard seedlings by 2% was noted. During the field period, the retardant effect of the applied agrochemicals persisted for 45 days after disembarkation. The best result in obtaining an additional yield of 6.2 c/ha (by 21%) was noted against the background of the use of the Athlete drug at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 with double treatment. When using the Athlete retardant at a dose of 3.5 ml/m2 with a single treatment, the additional yield was 5.4 c/ha (by 18%). The use of Cultifort Raiz fertilizer at a dose of 3.0 ml/m2 (once), contributed to an increase in the yield of raw materials by 3.9 c/ha (by 13%). In the application of the standard, the highest yield increase was obtained - 9.0 с/ha (by 30%). The accumulation of dry matter (materiality) in tobacco raw materials increased with increasing doses of agrochemicals. The use of retardants contributed to the improvement of the chemical composition of tobacco raw materials, namely, an increase in the number of Schmuck (carbohydrate-protein ratio).
Efficiency of New Forms of NPK-Fertilizers with Delayed and Controlled Release of Nutrients when Growing Spring Wheat on Sod-Podzolic Soil
Authors: Lapushkin V. M. , Igraliev F. G. , Lapushkina A. A. , Torshin S. P. , Norov A. M. , Pagaleshkin D. A. , Fedotov P. S. , Sokolov V. V. , Kochetova I. M. , Rybin E. A.
Published: April 2024

The effectiveness of new forms of granular NPK fertilizers with a coating of granules with a thin film of mixtures of mono- and dicalcium phosphate on sod-podzolic soil in the cultivation of spring wheat is shown. Mono- and dicalcium phosphate in different ratios were used as films protecting against loss of nutrients. The chemical analysis of the crop, the calculation of the removal and the coefficients of the use of nutrients by plants indicated that the NPK fertilizer with a coating of granules with monocalcium phosphate had the greatest efficiency.
Effect of Binary Sidéral Mixtures with Buckwheat on the Activity of Cellulose-Destroying Bacteria and the Quality of Arable Chernozems
Authors: Grebennikov A. M.
Published: April 2024

It was studied the use of sideral binary mixtures of 2 varieties of buckwheat among themselves, as well as with soy and sunflower on the activity of cellulose-destroying bacteria (CDB) and humus content in the arable and sub-arable horizons of typical heavy loamy chernozems. It is shown that the use of mixed agricultural communities for sideration in comparison with pure crops can significantly increase the number of agronomically valuable microflora and humus content. The activity of CDB has increased most significantly and the humus content has increased both in arable and sub-arable horizons, and there has also been an increase in the yield of grain crops under the influence of the agrocenotic effect in the crops of binary sideral mixtures of buckwheat of the Winged variety and buckwheat of the Demeter variety with sunflower. Relationships were established between the productivity of siderates, the yield of grain crops and the activity of CDB in the soil of both arable and sub-arable horizons, reliable at a 5% significance level. The dependences between the yield indicators and the humus content in the soils were less pronounced and in most cases were unreliable. The close relationship established between the values of CDB activity and humus content allowed us to conclude that the greater the CDB activity, the higher the quality of the studied soils.
Influence of Buckwheat Sideral Agricultural Communities on the Agrophysical Properties of Soil Resources of the Chernozem Zone
Authors: Grebennikov A. M.
Published: April 2024

In the field experiment, the influence of binary sideral buckwheat mixtures on the bulk mass, structural coefficient and degree of aggregation of arable and sub-arable horizons of typical heavy loamy chernozem was studied. It is shown that mixing of crops in sideral agricultural communities in most cases led to an increase in the yield of subsequent grain crops and an improvement in the considered agrophysical properties. The most significant positive effect on the agrophysical properties of both arable and sub-arable horizons, as well as on the increase in the yield of grain crops, had an agrocenotic effect in binary mixtures of buckwheat of the Demeter + sunflower variety and buckwheat of the Winged + sunflower variety. In the variants in the soil under the agro-communities soy + buckwheat of the Winged variety and buckwheat of the Demeter + buckwheat of the Winged variety, on the contrary, there was a slight improvement in these indicators, and sometimes their deterioration in both horizons.
Effect of the Biostimulator Composition with Trace Elements to Accelerate the Growth and Increase the Productivity of Pumpkin
Authors: Khidirova N. K. , Baratova M. R. , Kosimova Sh. , Zakirova R. P.
Published: April 2024

The use of environmentally friendly growth regulators and micro fertilizers makes it possible to use energy-saving technologies and maximize the physiological capabilities of plants. At the Institute of Plant Chemistry named after Academician S.Yu. Yunusov, a biostimulator Uchkun was created, which has a low consumption rate and low toxicity. The drug increases the yield of many crops (cotton, wheat, etc.) and protects them from adverse conditions, increases the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment of pumpkin seeds of the Spanish-73 and Palov-Kadu-268 varieties with the Uchkun biological preparation and its composition with trace elements (Uchkun plus preparation) on the productivity and quality of seeds. It is shown that this composition contributed to an increase in crop productivity. When treated with the composition, the average weight of one fetus was 3.4 kg and exceeded the option without treatment (control) (2.8 kg) by 21.4%, when treated with a biostimulator Uchkun – 3.3 kg, which was 17.8% more than the control. The average increase in pumpkin yield during pre–sowing seed treatment with Uchkun plus was 10.1 t/ha compared to the control, whereas when exposed to Uchkun – 7.8 t/ha. In addition, it was shown that when exposed to a complex preparation, the quality of pumpkin seeds improved, the oil content and the total protein content increased, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Leached Chernozem under Different Soil Treatment and Fertilizer Application in Cropped Rotation Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Minakova O. A. , Merzlikina D. S. , Kosyakin P. A. , Manaenkova E. N. , Borontov O. K.
Published: April 2024

In the zone of unstable humidification of the Central Black Earth Region in 1985–2021, in the steam link of the fruit-replaceable 9-pole crop rotation, the influence of dump, dumpless and combined soil treatments on non-ventilated and fertilized (N59P59K59 + manure 11 t/ha of crop rotation area) backgrounds was studied. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of basic tillage and fertilizer systems on the physico-chemical properties of the soil in 4 rotations. The soil is leached heavy loamy medium-sized chernozem with a humus content of 5.3–5.6% in the arable layer, with an average supply of nutrients and optimal physical properties. During the first 2 rotations, the pHKCl indicator decreased by 0.04–0.46 units relative to the initial one. In the 4th rotation, the actual acidity was 6.06–6.18 units. Minimal changes in acidity were noted during combined tillage. In the 4th rotation, with combined tillage, the amount of absorbed bases increased to the greatest extent (by 10–12%). Physico-chemical properties in winter wheat crops were more favorable than in sugar beet crops. Soil buffering in the 4th rotation tended to increase compared to the 2nd rotation. The multi-depth dump treatment increased the buffering of the chernozem.
Effect of Mobile Potassium Content in Soils on Grain Crop Yields and Potash Fertilizer Costs on Its Formation
Authors: Shafran S. A.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the content of mobile potassium in various soils on the yield of grain crops and the effectiveness of the use of potash fertilizers for them is shown. The results of the study showed that an increase in the content of mobile potassium in the studied soils contributes to an increase in the yield of grain crops and at the same time reduces the effect of potash fertilizers. Despite this, the total yield obtained due to an increase in the potash level of soils and an increase in yield from the application of potash fertilizers far exceeded all variants of potassium doses on soils with low K2O. The increase in yield from the application of potash fertilizers was 29–46%, depending on the crop, while the total yield increased by more than 2 times. At the same time, the costs of potash fertilizers for the formation of grain yields decreased. The consumption of potassium fertilizers for obtaining 1 ton of winter wheat grain on sod-podzolic soils when applying K30–60 decreased from 19–36 to 10–19 kg/t, on gray forest soils – from 12–23 to 10–20 kg/t, spring wheat – from 25‒47 to 15–31 kg/t on gray forest soils and from 23–43 to 15–30 kg/t – on leached chernozems.
Effect of Chloride Salinization on Barley Seedlings
Authors: Taskina K. B. , Kaznina N. M. , Titov A. F.
Published: April 2024

The influence of moderate and strong chloride salinity on seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Nur variety was studied under controlled environment conditions. Exposure of seedlings to both moderate (100 mM) and high concentrations (200 mM) of NaCl for 7 days led to a slowdown in the growth of their roots and shoots. At the same time, in the variant using NaCl in moderate concentration, an increase in the content of pigments was noted in the leaves of seedlings (chlorophylls and carotenoids by 25 and 22%, respectively). Also the photosynthesis rate decreased by 25% (relative to the control). In contrast, under the influence of a high concentration of NaCl, the content of pigments, as well as stomatal conductance, decreased markedly, which was accompanied by an almost twofold slowdown in the rate of photosynthesis. At the same time, transpiration was inhibited and tissue hydration decreased. It was concluded that the resistance of barley to NaCl can be judged already in the early phases of plant development. It is also noted that the most sensitive to the presence of NaCl in the root environment are easily recorded morpho-physiological indicators – the linear size of the shoot and its raw biomass.
Monitoring of Fertility and Ecotoxicological Condition of Reference Sites of Sod-Podzolic Soils of the Ivanovo Region
Authors: Utkin A. A.
Published: April 2024

The results of agrochemical and ecotoxicological studies of the arable layer of reference plots of sod-podzolic soils for agricultural purposes of the Ivanovo region are presented, which were carried out in order to establish the level of fertility according to the main agrochemical indicators, the content of sulfur and trace elements, ecotoxicological state – by gross and mobile forms of heavy metals and arsenic. The deterioration of such indicators of soil fertility as the availability of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, mobile potassium, the amount of absorbed bases and the capacity of cation exchange has been established. An increase in the content of mobile phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and other absorbed bases was noted with an unchanged content of organic matter. The fertility of the studied soils was assessed by calculating the soil-ecological index. The provision of soils with trace elements and mobile sulfur has been established. The content of gross and mobile forms of metals in soils, with the exception of arsenic in the soils of individual sites, did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations and clarks. The studied soils are slightly polluted and are not dangerous for cultivated plants and human health. According to the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, the characters of the mutual influence of metabolic acidity, the content of organic matter and the granulometric composition of soils with the content of available forms of trace elements, gross and mobile forms of metals and arsenic are established.