bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C6N2S monolayer: an auxetic material with ultralow diffusion barrier and high storage capacity for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Jiayu , Zhang Wenyuan , Bergara Aitor , Yang Guochun
Published: June 2024

The development of advanced anode materials is crucial for the applications of potassium-ion batteries (KIBs).
Plasma-induced N doping and carbon vacancies in a self-supporting 3C-SiC photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Wu Linyi , Guan Shuchang , Zhou Binghua , Guo Shien , Wang Jie , Wu Ling , Hong Melvin Gan Jet , Ortiz-Medina Josue , Wang Mingxi , Ogata Hironori , Tanemura Masaki , Kim Yoong Ahm , Terrones Mauricio , Endo Morinobu , Wang Zhipeng
Published: June 2024

We report that a plasma-induced self-supporting 3C-SiC photoanode with N doping and carbon vacancies demonstrates high photocurrent density and stability for photoelectrochemical water oxidation in alkaline solution under simulated solar irradiation.
Superionicity by design: high proton conductivity in a fluorine-free protic ionic liquid
Authors: Schütz Hanno Maria , Nejrotti Stefano , Adenusi Henry , Mariani Alessandro , Bodo Enrico , Bonomo Matteo , Innocenti Alessandro , Barolo Claudia , Gao Xinpei , Passerini Stefano
Published: June 2024

We designed a fluorine-free protic ionic liquid displaying an unprecedented temperature-switching Grotthuss(-like) mechanism for proton transport.
Tuning the surface charge and pore size of IPNs arrests covalent organic nanostructures through in situ exchangeable bonds for the removal of persistent contaminants
Authors: Sen Gupta Ria , Islam Sk. Safikul , Malakar Amit , Das Tridip , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: June 2024

Novel SH-COF and exchangeable bonds enabled recyclable IPN membrane for effective molecular sieving and water remediation via pore size reduction and surface charge enhancement.
Evaluation of a New Adolescent Social Communication Assessment: The Transition Pragmatics Interview
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Boone William J. , Petru Janis
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study evaluated the psychometric functioning of a new criterion-referenced assessment of adolescent social communication, the Transition Pragmatics Interview (TPI), based on the synthesis model of pragmatics. Two ways of interpreting item difficulty were explored: (a) as a function of the synthesis model elements of social communication ability that items were designed to assess, and (b) as a function of the developmental level required for a successful response based on an adapted situational-discourse-semantics (SDS) model (Norris & Hoffman, 1993).

Method:

Thirty-seven participants aged 14–22 years completed the TPI. Responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to evaluate the functioning of the scale and to determine item difficulty. Items were coded for the SDS developmental level required for an adequate response. The mean Rasch item difficulty for items at each SDS developmental level was analyzed for the five adapted SDS domains.

Results:

Consistent with the first approach for interpreting item difficulty, TPI items varied in difficulty as a function of the element of social communication they were designed to assess (
p
< .001). Interpreting item difficulty based on the adapted SDS model was not supported: Items requiring higher SDS developmental levels were not more difficult than those requiring less (
p
= .55).

Conclusions:

The TPI responses fit the Rasch model, supporting the TPI as a unidimensional measure and supporting the use of all items together to compute a single number that summarizes the level of social communication for each examinee. The item ordering from least to most difficult was consistent with prior findings on adolescent social communication development.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26018545
Effect of magnetospheric conditions on the morphology of Jupiter’s ultraviolet main auroral emission as observed by Juno-UVS
Authors: Head L. A. , Grodent D. , Bonfond B. , Moirano A. , Benmahi B. , Sicorello G. , Gérard J.-C. , Vogt M. F. , Hue V. , Greathouse T. , Gladstone G. R. , Yao Z.
Published: June 2024

Auroral emissions are a reflection of magnetospheric processes, and at Jupiter, it is not entirely certain how the morphology of the UV main emission (ME) varies with magnetospheric compression or the strength of the central current sheet. This work leverages the observations from Juno-UVS to link ME variability with particular magnetospheric states. We employed novel arc-detection techniques to determine new reference ovals for the ME from perijoves 1 through 54, in both hemispheres, and analysed how the size and shape of the ME vary compared to this reference oval. The morphology and brightness of the ME vary in local time: the dawn-side ME is typically expanded, while the dusk-side ME is contracted, compared to the reference oval, and the dusk-side ME is twice as bright as the dawn-side ME. Both the northern and southern ME and the day-side and night-side ME expand and contract from their reference ovals synchronously, which indicates that the variable size of the ME is caused by a process occurring throughout the Jovian magnetosphere. The poleward latitudinal shift of the auroral footprint of Ganymede correlates with the poleward motion of the ME, whereas a similar relation is not present for the footprint of Io. Additionally, the expansion of the ME correlates well with an increase in magnetodisc current. These two results suggest that a changing current-sheet magnetic field is partially responsible for the variable size of the ME. Finally, magnetospheric compression is linked to a global ME contraction and brightening, though this brightening occurs predominantly in the day-side ME. This observation, and the observation that the dusk-side ME is typically brighter than the dawn-side ME, stands in contrast to the modelled and observed behaviour of field-aligned currents and thus weakens the theoretical link between field-aligned currents and the generation of the auroral ME.
Introduction des systèmes dynamiques dans l’ingénierie
Authors: Delaleau Emmanuel , Le Magueresse Thierry , Pelt Laurent
Published: June 2024

Cet article présente une nouvelle expérience pédagogique permettant d’enseigner les équations différentielles en liaison directe avec des matières de l’ingénierie où elles interviennent. Cette expérience a été baptisée « Zone généraliste ». Les équations différentielles permettent de modéliser des phénomène dynamiques, qui présentent une évolution dans le temps.

Cette expérience pédagogique se déroule sur trois semaines, dégagées des enseignements habituels à l’emploi du temps. La première semaine se déroule à mi parcours du Semestre 2 et les deux autres concluent le semestre.
Study on the dynamic characteristics of planetary gear transmission mechanism of metal cold rolling mill
Authors: Hu Yijian , Zhao Guoyou , Du Xiaozhong , Ma Chuanchuan , Tuo Leifeng , Chu Zhibing
Published: June 2024

Using the parametric modelling feature in Solidworks software, a three-dimensional solid model of a planetary gearbox with linear reciprocating motion of the output shaft was constructed. By conducting theoretical calculations related to the kinematics of the transmission system and combining Adams virtual prototyping simulation technology, a dynamic simulation model of the planetary gear transmission mechanism was established to analyse the motion laws and dynamic characteristics. The simulation results were compared and analysed against the theoretical calculation results, and they showed good agreement and consistency. The study also investigated the impact of counterweights on the inertia forces and moments of the output shaft in the transmission mechanism. The results indicated that adding counterweights effectively reduced the inertia impact caused by inertia forces at the start and end positions of the stroke, as well as the inertia torque caused by changes in angular acceleration during the startup and stopping phases, thereby enhancing the smooth operation of the mechanism. Additionally, different thicknesses of counterweights had varying effects on balancing the inertia forces and moments of the output shaft. The study aimed to find the optimal thickness of counterweights to achieve the best balance effect. Furthermore, the study examined the influence of different speeds of the driving gear on the inertia forces of the output shaft. The results showed that at a driving gear speed of 1500 rpm, the horizontal thrust generated by the output shaft was 63566 N, which could provide the required thrust for the rolling mill operation, and the inertia forces of the output shaft tended to stabilize.
Kieferorthopädische Behandlung einer CMD-Patientin: Digitale
Präzision in Diagnostik, Planung und Umsetzung
Authors: Jilek Theresa , Welker Yana
Published: June 2024

Die 38-jährige Patientin stellte sich zur kieferorthopädischen Beratung aufgrund
schief stehender Ober- und Unterkieferfrontzähne vor mit dem Wunsch der
Zahnbegradigung. In der Anamnese gab die Patientin einen seit 15 Jahren
bestehenden Tinnitus des rechten Ohres an und häufige, mindestens 1x
wöchentliche Kopfschmerzen und häufige Nacken- und Schulterverspannungen. Durch
die umfassende Anfangsdiagnostik konnte die CMD erkannt und behandelt werden mit
einer fast vollständigen Regredienz des Tinnitus und der Hals-Kopf- und
Nackenschmerzen- und verspannungen.
Intravesikale Behandlungsoptionen in der Neuro-Urologie – eine Übersicht
Authors: Jaekel Anke K. , Knüpfer Stephanie C. , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth
Published: June 2024

Die Ursache der neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntraktes sind verschiedenste Schädigungen des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems. Daraus können diverse Störungen von Harnspeicher- und Harnentleerungsfunktion der Blase entstehen, die sich in Symptomen wie Drangbeschwerden, Harninkontinenz, rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfekten und Blasenentleerungsstörungen äußern. Lebensqualitätseinschränkungen, Gefahr für den oberen Harntrakt, Einschränkung der Erwerbsfähigkeit und Verschlechterung der Symptome der Grunderkrankung sind häufig die Folge. Ziel der Neuro-Urologie ist daher, neben dem Schutz des oberen Harntraktes, Kontinenz zu erhalten bzw. wiederherzustellen und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verbessern. Dazu stehen neben oraler Medikation und operativen Maßnahmen auch medikamentöse und elektrophysikalische intravesikale Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Die Übersicht geht daher auf diese intravesikalen Therapieverfahren sowie deren Indikation und Stellenwert in der Neuro-Urologie ein.
Revision of the Retracted Posttracheostomy Scar by Anatomical Restoration; Four Layer Closure
Authors: Cho Jaeyoung , Lee Jimin , Kang Sang Yoon
Published: June 2024

Most tracheostomy scars are depressive and adherent to the underlying trachea, which causes up and down movement when swallowing. This tracheocutaneous tethering causes discomfort, pain, dysphagia, and bad appearance. A tracheocutaneous fistula may be accompanied. Here, we present a new method for reconstructing a tracheostomy scar deformity with tracheocutaneous tethering: layer-by-layer restoration of the anatomical structure with a subcutaneous fat tissue blanket. The scar tissue was fully excised, with the associated skin and subcutaneous tissue. The bilateral strap muscles around the scar were dissected proximally and distally and approximated to the midline, secured without tension. Bilateral platysma muscle flaps cover them firmly. The subcutaneous tissue around the incision margin, which included the superficial cervical fascia was elevated to form a fat blanket, closed transversely. The skin was closed after confirming the absence of retraction upon swallowing. From 2010 to 2018, 10 patients with tracheocutaneous tethering and one patient with tracheocutaneous fistula underwent surgery. All patients were functionally and aesthetically satisfied with the results. The only complication was a hypertrophic scar in one patient, which was managed with a triamcinolone injection. An anatomical layer-by-layer restoration with a fat blanket provided consistent, satisfying results for correcting tracheostomy scar deformities without using additional tissue. This simple method was effective for reconstructing tracheocutaneous tethering.
Modelling and characterisation of a magnetically coupled piezoelectric beam for energy harvesting gear meshing motion
Authors: Xiao Huifang , Guan Xuyang , Zhang Fan , Liang Gang , Tang Yihu , Bowen Chris
Published: June 2024

Gear transmission systems are crucial components for transmitting power and motion in a host of engineering applications. Recently, the potential to embed sensors into transmission components has attracted significant attention for accurate condition monitoring of system health. As a result, embedded sensors must operate in a safe and stable manner, whilst being able to provide a continuous power-supply and ensure operational autonomy. In this work, a magnetically coupled beam-type piezoelectric energy harvester is developed for energy harvesting of rotational centrifugal forces and individual gear meshing excitation events. A new coupled electromechanical dynamic model is developed to explain the working principle and response of the harvester when excited by a combination of gear meshing excitation events, a centrifugal force, and a magnetic force. Since gear meshing events are observed to lead to an increased hardening nonlinearity of the energy harvester, and a decrease in power output, a novel variable-section cantilever structure was developed. Our detailed theoretical analysis demonstrates that the novel variable stiffness structure improves both the power output and bandwidth, with excellent agreement with experimental measurements. This work provides new theoretical insights into the application of magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvesters for self-powered sensing systems for critical gear transmission systems.
Versatile design of tunable Faraday rotator for terahertz band using graphene-InSb-graphene and 1D photonic crystal
Authors: Kazemi Amir Hossein , Mokhtari Arash , Zamani Mehdi
Published: June 2024

A Faraday rotator, composed of graphene-InSb-graphene as magnetic floor and Si-

S
i

O

2

materials as the non-magnetic floor is designed to operate at 10 THz frequency, promising for realizing future communication devices. The height of the dielectric layers significantly influences the selection of the resonance frequency. Additionally, the structure can be tuned to operate at a desired frequency thanks to the adjustable surface conductivity of graphene. The findings reveal that variations in the strength of the applied magnetic field intricately modulate the Faraday rotation (FR) and subsequently alter the transmission spectrum. Specifically, values exceeding 40 degrees of FR and a transmission rate of 50% were attainedwhen the magnetic field strength (B) was set at 2 Tesla. Finally, we have proposed a design process for a Faraday rotator that can operate at any arbitrary frequency in the THz band. This innovative design has the potential to introduce a novel approach in ultrathin magneto-optical nanophotonic devices, enabling the realization of polarization rotators characterized by elevated transmittance and reduced reliance on applied static magnetic fields within the THz band.
Understanding the xenon primary scintillation yield for cutting-edge rare event experiments
Authors: Henriques C.A.O. , Teixeira J.M.R. , Silva P.A.O.C. , Mano R.D.P. , dos Santos J.M.F. , Monteiro C.M.B.
Published: June 2024

Xenon scintillation has been widely used in rare event detection
experiments, such as in neutrinoless double beta decay, double electron
captures and dark matter searches. Nonetheless, experimental values for primary scintillation yield in gaseous xenon (GXe) remain scarce and dispersed. The mean
energy required to produce a scintillation photon, w
sc, in GXe in the absence of recombination has been measured to be in the range of
34–111 eV. Lower w
sc-values were reported for α-particles
when compared to electrons produced by γ- or x-rays. Since w
sc is expected to be similar for x-, γ-rays or electrons and almost equal to that obtained for α-particles, the above difference can not be understood. In addition, at present one may also pose the question of a dependence of w
sc on photon energy.
We carried out a systematic study on the absolute primary scintillation yield in GXe under reduced electric fields in the 70–300 V cm-1 bar-1 range and near atmospheric pressure, 1.2 bar, supported by a robust geometrical efficiency simulation model.

We were able to clear-out the above standing problems: w
sc was determined for x/γ-rays in the 5.9–60 keV energy range as well as for α-particles in the 1.5–2.5 MeV range, and no significant dependency neither on radiation type nor on energy has been observed. Our experimental w
sc-values agree well with both up-to-date simulations and literature data obtained for α-particles. The discrepancy between our results and the experimental values found in the literature for x/γ-rays is discussed in this work and attributed to unaddressed large systematic errors in those previous studies.
These findings can be extrapolated to other gases, and have impact on experiments such as double beta decay, double electron capture and directional dark matter searches while also on potential future detection systems such as DUNE-Gas.

Only assuming the VUV emission band as is the case of most of the literature values, a mean w
sc-value of 38.7 ± 0.6 (sta.)+7.7
-7.2 (sys.) eV was obtained. If the UV-VIS emission band is to be considered, the average energy to produce a photon was determined to be w
2nd
= 43.5 ± 0.7 (sta.)+8.7
-8.1 (sys.) eV and w
3rd
= 483 ± 7 (sta.+110
-105 (sys.) eV, in the VUV and UV-VIS bands, respectively.
Towards an efficient variational quantum algorithm for solving linear equations
Authors: Xu WenShan , Zhou Ri-Gui , Li YaoChong , Zhang XiaoXue
Published: June 2024

Variational quantum algorithms are promising methods with the greatest potential to achieve quantum advantage, widely employed in the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing. This study presents an advanced variational hybrid algorithm (EVQLSE) that leverages both quantum and classical computing paradigms to address the solution of linear equation systems. Initially, an innovative loss function is proposed, drawing inspiration from the similarity measure between two quantum states. This function exhibits a substantial improvement in computational complexity when benchmarked against the variational quantum linear solver. Subsequently, a specialized parameterized quantum circuit structure is presented for small-scale linear systems, which exhibits powerful expressive capabilities. Through rigorous numerical analysis, the expressiveness of this circuit structure is quantitatively assessed using a variational quantum regression algorithm, and it obtained the best score compared to the others. Moreover, the expansion in system size is accompanied by an increase in the number of parameters, placing considerable strain on the training process for the algorithm. To address this challenge, an optimization strategy known as quantum parameter sharing is introduced, which proficiently minimizes parameter volume while adhering to exacting precision standards. Finally, EVQLSE is successfully implemented on a quantum computing platform provided by IBM for the resolution of large-scale problems characterized by a dimensionality of 220.
Searching for 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay with the CDEX-1B experiment*
Authors: Zhang 张 Bing-Tao 炳韬 , Wang 王 Jun-Zheng 军正 , Yang 杨 Li-Tao 丽桃 , Yue 岳 Qian 骞 , Kang 康 Ke-Jun 克军 , Li 李 Yuan-Jing 元景 , An 安 Hai-Peng 海鹏 , Greeshma C. , Chang 常 Jian-Ping 建平 , Chen 陈 Yun-Huan 云华 , Cheng 程 Jian-Ping 建平 , Dai 代 Wen-Han 文翰 , Deng 邓 Zhi 智 , Fang 房 Chang-Hao 昌昊 , Geng 耿 Xin-Ping 新平 , Gong 宫 Hui 辉 , Guo 郭 Qiu-Ju 秋菊 , Guo 郭 Xu-Yuan 绪元 , He 何 Li 力 , He 何 Sheng-Ming 胜明 , Hu 胡 Jin-Wei 津纬 , Huang 黄 Han-Xiong 翰雄 , Huang 黄 Tu-Chen 土琛 , Jia 贾 Hai-Tao 海涛 , Jiang 蒋 Xi 熙 , Karmakar S. , Li 李 Hao-Bin 浩斌 , Li 李 Jian-Min 荐民 , Li 李 Jin 金 , Li 李 Qian-Yun 倩沄 , Li 李 Ren-Ming-Jie 任明杰 , Li 李 Xue-Qian 学潜 , Li 李 Yu-Lan 玉兰 , Liang 梁 Yi-Fan 艺帆 , Liao 廖 Bin 斌 , Lin 林 Fong-Kay 枫凯 , Lin 林 Shin-Ted 兴德 , Liu 刘 Jia-Xuan 家璇 , Liu 刘 Shu-Kui 书魁 , Liu 刘 Yan-Dong 言东 , Liu 刘 Yu 钰 , Liu 刘 Yuan-Yuan 圆圆 , Liu 刘 Zhong-Zhi 仲智 , Ma 马 Hao 豪 , Mao 茅 Yu-Cai 钰才 , Nie 聂 Qi-Yuan 奇缘 , Ning 宁 Jin-Hua 金华 , Pan 潘 Hui 辉 , Qi 祁 Ning-Chun 宁春 , Ren 任 Jie 杰 , Ruan 阮 Xi-Chao 锡超 , She 佘 Ze 泽 , Singh Manoj Kumar , Sun 孙 Tian-Xi 天希 , Tang 唐 Chang-Jian 昌建 , Tang 唐 Wei-You 维优 , Tian 田 Yang 阳 , Wang 王 Guang-Fu 广甫 , Wang 王 Li 力 , Wang 王 Qing 青 , Wang 王 Yu-Feng 钰锋 , Wang 王 Yun-Xiang 云祥 , Wong 王 Henry-Tsz-King 子敬 , Wu 吴 Shi-Yong 世勇 , Wu 吴 Yu-Cheng 玉成 , Xing 幸 Hao-Yang 浩洋 , Xu 徐 Rui 锐 , Xu 徐 Yin 音 , Xue 薛 Tao 涛 , Yan 鄢 Yu-Lu 雨璐 , Yi 易 Nan 难 , Yu 喻 Chun-Xu 纯旭 , Yu 于 Hai-Jun 海军 , Yue 岳 Jian-Feng 剑锋 , Zeng 曾 Ming 鸣 , Zeng 曾 Zhi 志 , Zhang 张 Feng-Shou 丰收 , Zhang 张 Lei 磊 , Zhang 张 Zhen-Hua 振华 , Zhang 张 Zhen-Yu 震宇 , Zhao 赵 Kang-Kang 康康 , Zhao 赵 Ming-Gang 明刚 , Zhou 周 Ji-Fang 济芳 , Zhou 周 Zu-Ying 祖英 , Zhou 朱 Jing-Jun 敬军 , （CDEX Collaboration）
Published: June 2024

We operated a p-type point contact high purity germanium (PPCGe) detector (CDEX-1B, 1.008 kg) in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) for 500.3 days to search for neutrinoless double beta (

) decay of 76Ge. A total of 504.3 kg

day effective exposure data was accumulated. The anti-coincidence and the multi/single-site event (MSE/SSE) discrimination methods were used to suppress the background in the energy region of interest (ROI, 1989–2089 keV for this work) with a factor of 23. A background level of 0.33 counts/ (keV

kg

yr) was realized. The lower limit on the half life of 76Ge

decay was constrained as

, corresponding to the upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass:

3.2–7.5

.
Investigation of WZ Sge-type Dwarf Nova ASASSN-19oc: Optical Spectroscopy and Multicolor Light Curve Analysis
Authors: Krushevska Viktoriia , Shugarov Sergey , Ochner Paolo , Kuznyetsova Yuliana , Petrov Mykola , Kroll Peter
Published: June 2024

In this study, we present an investigation of the newly discovered dwarf nova ASASSN-19oc during its superoutburst on 2019 June 2. We carried out detailed UBVR

c

I

c
-photometric observations and also obtained a spectrum on day 7 of the outburst, which shows the presence of hydrogen absorption lines commonly found in dwarf nova outbursts. Analysis of photometric data reveals the occurrence of early superhumps in the initial days of observations, followed by ordinary and late superhumps. We have accurately calculated the period of the ordinary superhumps as P
ord = 0.05681(10) days and determined the periods at different stages, as well as the rate of change of the superhump period (P
dot =

P

̇

/P = 8.1 × 10−5). Additionally, we have derived the mass ratio of the components (q = 0.09), and estimated the color temperature during the outburst as ∼11,000 K, the distance to the system (d = 560 pc) and absolute magnitude of the system in outburst (M

V
= 5.3). We have shown that outbursts of this star are very rare: based on brightness measurements on 600 archival photographic plates, we found only one outburst that occurred in 1984. This fact, as well as the properties listed above, convincingly shows that the variable ASASSN-19oc is a dwarf nova of WZ Sge type.
Discussion on the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC-UTC(k)]
Authors: Petit G , Panfilo G
Published: June 2024

Coordinated universal Time UTC is the reference timescale generated by the BIPM and is made available through the published values [UTC–UTC(k)]. In a previous paper, Panfilo et al (2020 Metrologia
57 065011) we examined the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] and proposed some evolution to the current procedure. We here complete and clarify two main issues related to this calculation that have appeared in discussions and publications following our previous paper. We state (i) that the systematic uncertainty for a specific laboratory UTC(k) is not affected by biases from other laboratories and (ii) that the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)] only depend on the input covariance of the epoch. We highlight the role of UTC and of the uncertainties of [UTC–UTC(k)]. Based on the present computation algorithm ALGOS, we detail internal procedures of the BIPM Time Department implementing the algorithm to ensure the continuity of UTC when changes occur e.g. a new laboratory entering UTC or a new calibration introduced in a specific receiver/time link.
Study on fluorine vacancy defects in yttrium fluoride coating materials
Authors: Feng Yansong , Wang Xingming , Liu Yuyang , Bai Xue , Chu Maoyou , Peng Cheng , Shi Zhixia
Published: June 2024

Rare-earth fluoride coating materials have attracted wide attention as a substitute for ThF4 low-refractive index materials. However, the coating materials and coated films fail to achieve the desired results due to vacancy defects caused by their fluorine-loss decomposition characteristics. To explore the rare earth fluoride coating materials’ fluorine loss influence law, the melt crystallization method is used to simulate the yttrium fluoride (YF3) pre-melting process through the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) obtained at different temperatures under the fluorine vacancy defects change rule. According to the number of unpaired spintrons, the number of spintrons in each vacancy is calculated. The results show that the fluorine vacancy defects increase with the increase of temperature, the formation of YF3 fluorine vacancy defects does not affect the change of crystal structure, and the addition of the additive ammonium hydrogen fluoride (NH4HF2) can reduce the oxygen content of YF3 and effectively inhibit the formation of fluorine vacancy. The effect is gradually obvious with the amount of additives added.
Research on surface modification evaluation on composites interfacial properties
Authors: Ruan Chenluwei
Published: June 2024

At present, composites are formed by multi-phase materials with reinforcement and matrix, which can produce a discontinuous interface layer between two phases. Therefore, surface modification methods are proposed to enhance the performance and the composite properties. However, the evaluation of these properties primarily relies on manual detection and this may cause mistakes in some situations. In this work, an automatic evaluation model is proposed to achieve the interfacial properties estimation. The neural network consists of multiple layers of neural cells and the evaluation is simulated by the prediction process with enough training iterations. Initially, the neural network model is trained with tremendous composite properties with different surface modification methods and the evaluation results are labelled. Further, the inner parameters are set and the convergence condition is controlled to obtain an acceptable evaluation model. Finally, our model is compared with existing evaluation methods. From our extensive experiments and analysis, it can be concluded that our model can realize the evaluation for the performance of surface modification in interfacial properties.
Effect of magnesium hydroxide fly ash compounded flame retardant on the properties of polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Zhao Lianglian , Ma Weixun , Chen Xuelin , Duo Xinghong
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effects of compound flame retardants on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. Four F-M/PVC composite film materials (F0.1M0.1/PVC, F0.1M0.2/PVC, F0.1M0.3/PVC, and F0.1M0.4/PVC) were obtained by blending different ratios of fly ash (FA) and magnesium hydroxide (MH(OH)2, MH) compounded flame retardants (F-M) with PVC. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and smoke density of the composite film materials were examined. The results showed that the loss of mechanical properties of F0.1M0.2/PVC composites was small. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of the four F-M/PVC composites was improved. The degradation temperature of pure PVC at T50 was 286.5°C, and that of F0.1M0.2/PVC composites was 335.38°C. Smoke density analysis showed that the maximum smoke density of pure PVC was 6.310, and the maximum smoke density of the composite material (F0.1M0.4/PVC) was reduced to 5.960, which had a better smoke suppression effect. For the comprehensive utilization of Salt Lake magnesium resources, the development of PVC composite film materials to provide the experimental basis has a strong practical value.
Preparation method of reversible temperature indicating patch for temperature self-detection of power equipment and its properties
Authors: Liu Guanke , Wang Wanwei , Dai Xiliang , Zhong Rongfu , Zhang Haipeng
Published: June 2024

The problem of thermally induced defects in power equipment is prominent, affecting the safe and stable operation of the power grid. To detect abnormal heating in time, a reversible temperature-indicating patch measurement for temperature self-detection of power equipment is proposed, and its performance is analyzed and studied. The results show that the reversible thermochromic patch prepared with heat-sensitive red as the hidden colorant, dodecyl gallate as the color rendering agent, and tetradecane as the solvent has the color change characteristic of “light color at low temperature and deep color at high temperature”, and its color-changing temperature interval is 42°C ∼ 52°C. The color-changing performance of the materials with different quality ratios is different, from which the optimal ratio of the color-changing materials is selected as thermochromic red: lauryl gallate: tetradecanol=1:7:30. To facilitate the application of the color-changing materials on-site, the color-changing materials are encapsulated by melt adsorption sealing technology, and the temperature indicating patches with good color-changing reversibility are prepared. The research results can provide a reference for the field application of reversible color-changing materials for temperature self-detection of power equipment.
Ternary particle composite synergistically enhances the fluidity and dielectric properties of filled thermal conductive epoxy resin
Authors: Lv Yang , Qiao Jian , He Jianfei , Yang Wei , Wang Kun , Huang Shilei , Ma Huan
Published: June 2024

Particle-packed epoxy materials are widely used to improve the thermal conductivity of insulation materials. However, the addition of fillers increases the viscosity of the composite which reduces its operability, and is not conducive to the packaging of power electronic equipment such as electric transformers and reactors. Multi-scale particle compounding is one of the effective methods to enhance the co-processing performance of materials by reducing the friction between particles and epoxy matrix while forming an effective thermal conductivity network. Three types of spherical alumina sized around 4 μm, 38 μm, and 125 μm were used as fillers to study the fluidity, thermal conductivity, and dielectric properties of single-filled and ternary compounds. The results showed that the ternary particle composite reduced the viscosity of the precursor by up to 68.8%, achieving a synergistic improvement in operability, thermal conductivity, and electrical performance.
Synthesis of titanium dioxide and the study of photocatalytic activity
Authors: Yan Ting , Wang Ying , Yang Peining , Xie Ning , Guo Tingting , Li Tianjin
Published: June 2024

The preparation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles is optimized by two different methods based on the sol-gel method. The degradation experiment of methyl orange showed that sample B prepared by the two-step ethanol method had better catalytic performance than sample A prepared by the one-step ethanol method. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing revealed there was a rutile phase in sample B in addition to the anatase phase, and the catalytic degradation experiment proved that the existence of a rutile phase was conducive to improving the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2.
The effect of different active diluents on the properties of epoxy materials
Authors: Qiao Jian , He Jianfei , Lv Yang , Yang Wei , Wang Kun , Huang Shilei , Ma Huan
Published: June 2024

Epoxy resin is widely used in the insulation packaging field of electrical equipment due to its advantages such as low cost, excellent insulation, and mechanical properties. However, the thermal conductivity and the heat resistance of domestic epoxy insulation packaging materials make it difficult to meet the increasingly demanding operating conditions of electrical equipment. This article investigated the effects of active diluents with different functional group numbers on the glass transition temperature, mechanical strength, and low-temperature cracking resistance of epoxy materials. Four functional group active diluents were selected as additives to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resin, and the influence of diluent content on the comprehensive performance of epoxy resin was studied and analyzed.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of Pt and N-doped carbon quantum dots co-activated as novel electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wei Mingrui , Liu Yihui
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a novel nano-electrocatalyst (Pt@N-CDs/RGO) with reduced graphene oxide as the carrier and platinum (Pt) and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) together as the active sites was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. By comparing the electrochemical properties of commercial platinum carbon (Pt/C) and Pt@N-CDs/RGO at 20% wt Pt, it was found that Pt@N-CDs/RGO exhibited excellent ORR properties, such as an onset potential (Eonest
) of 1.10 V, a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.82 V, a limiting current density of 5.06 mA/cm2, and a number of transferred electrons as high as 3.97. By using the chronoamperometric method (CA) to cycle for 10000 s, it was found that the stability of both, Pt@N-CDs /RGO maintains 18% activity after a cycle of 10000 seconds, which is much higher than Pt/C. The study showcased a new efficient and durable catalyst for PEMFCs.
Preparation of BiOCl/Bi2S3 composites by polyol method for photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Liao Siyang , Peng Zeping , Wang Jie
Published: June 2024

BiOCl/Bi2S3 composites were synthesized by polyol method under 80°C water bath condition, and the composite BiOCl/Bi2S3 has excellent photocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide compared with single BiOCl. Among them, BiOCl/Bi2S3-4 h has a higher conversion efficiency, which is mainly caused by the structural characteristics of BiOCl/Bi2S3 and the proportional content of Bi2S3 in the composite therein. The corresponding composites can be best formed in a hollow spherical morphology when the synthesis time is 4 h.
Research on the preparation and road performance of modified epoxy resin chip seal
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Jianhui , Wang Min , Hao Zengheng , Xiao Li , Liu Pan , Shang Fei , Yue Xiaowen , Huang Hao , Chen Shiqi
Published: June 2024

In order to explore the road performance of modified epoxy resin on cement concrete surfaces, based on the modified epoxy resin and flexible curing agent, the road performance of modified epoxy resin chip seal with different pavement structures and binder dosage was studied. When using the premixed structure with 3 to 5 mm gravel, the friction coefficient value of the chip seal was 48, the 7d wet wheel wear value was 254.5 g/m2. When using the layered structure with 3 to 5 mm gravel, the friction coefficient value of the chip seal was 84. The bond strength between the modified epoxy chip seal and the cement concrete surface was 3.13 MPa using the layered structure. The research results showed that the road performance of the layered structure chip seal was better than that of the premixed structure chip seal. The chip seal with a layered structure was more suitable for the preventive maintenance of cement concrete pavement.
Interfacial compatibility design of high-performance electrolytes for SiCO-based all-solid-state lithium battery
Authors: Yang Duo , Liao Ningbo
Published: June 2024

As a new type of Lithium-ion batteries technology, all-solid-state Lithium-ion battery is regarded as one of the cutting-edge directions for new-generation battery technology. The biggest challenge of solid-state Li battery technology is that interface compatibility and stability problems must be solved urgently. In this paper, we specialize in the overall design of solid electrolyte interfacial compatibility and study the interfacial compatibility and stability by calculating the interfacial region interactions, charge transfer, adhesion energy, adsorption energy, interface formation energy, diffusion barrier, and density of states changes through the first nature principle. We conclude that LLZO solid-state electrolytes exhibit excellent interfacial properties, and interfacial compatibility and stability are further improved after doping. This paper shows a theoretical framework for exploiting novel electrolyte materials in all-solid-state battery.
Numerical simulation research of winding tension system based on hoop residual stress of thick-walled composite
Authors: Miao Yanan , Liu Xingpeng , Geng Yuru , Zhang Min
Published: June 2024

The forming quality of the composite shell is closely related to the tension system. Nowadays, although there are many studies on the tension system, most of them take the thin-walled composite material forming process derived by the deflection equation as the research object, which is relatively simple. Therefore, due to the limitation of the traditional two-step forming process of winding and curing or the in-situ forming process of winding followed by curing, the product forming efficiency and quality is not high. Moreover, the tension system establishment method based on the existing forming process cannot reflect the variation trend of the temperature field and the coupling law of the temperature-curing degree field during winding. It is difficult to reflect the influence of thermal parameters on winding tension in real-time, resulting in the mismatch between the actual winding tension and the established tension system. Therefore, this paper adopts the heated-mandrel winding process based on winding with curing to establish a tension system model to solve the above problems. The original tension calculation equations are re-derived to establish a winding tension system that considers the variation of stress caused by the temperature field. Finally, the hoop residual stress distribution is simulated to verify the applicability of the established tension system based on the heated-mandrel winding process.
Study on electrochemical corrosion dynamics of cathode dic shield in concrete crack
Authors: Zhang Shutong , Yan Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a primary factor that negatively impacts the service life and safety of bridges made of concrete. Cathodic protection techniques are widely used to protect reinforcing bars in concrete against corrosion. However, it is inevitable that corrosion cracks will develop in the concrete during long-term operation, which will significantly shorten the cathodic current protection distance and increase the degree of corrosion of the rebar within the cracks. Therefore, electrochemical experiments and characterization of corrosion forms were carried out based on the company’s design of a rectangular connection device, we studied HRB500 steel in 3 wt.% corrosion behavior in rectangular joints under different CP current densities in NaCl solution. The results showed that with increasing experimental time, the corrosion in the crevice transitioned from activation corrosion to oxygen concentration corrosion, with the open-pore potential of the HRB500 steel inside the crevice appearing as a positive shift and the open-pore potential outside the crevice shifting from positive to negative. When implementing cathodic protection, the corrosion of HRB500 steel within the crevice is activated, while the corrosion outside the crevice changes from anodic to mixed controlled corrosion and from full to pitting corrosion. With the increase of CP current density, the corrosion process of HRB500 steel outside the gap is mainly dominated by cathode control, then gradually weakens, and the corrosion form changes from pitting to comprehensive corrosion.
Reallocating crops raises crop diversity without changes to field boundaries and farm-level crop composition
Authors: Wesemeyer Maximilian , Müller Daniel , Lakes Tobia
Published: June 2024

Higher crop diversity can enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services; however, it remains unclear to what extent and where crop diversity can be increased. We use spatially explicit multiscale optimization to determine potential and attainable crop diversity with field-level land use data for case studies in Brandenburg, Germany. Our model maximizes crop diversity at the landscape scale while reassigning crop types over multiple years to existing arable fields. The model implements field-level crop sequence rules and maintains the crop composition of each farm and for each year. We found that a 10% higher crop diversity can be attained on average compared to currently observed diversity; minor changes in crop composition would close this gap. Improved crop allocation can contribute to closing the gap between observed and attainable crop diversity, which in turn can increase biodiversity, improve pollination services, and support pest control.
Optimizing Seaweed Capsule Shell Formula with Multiple Disintegrants to Accelerate Disintegration Time
Authors: Soraya M , Laksono H , Purwoto H , Dyah C K , Putri R P G , Royanti I , Sari D D P
Published: June 2024

Seaweed-based capsule shells are gaining popularity due to their animal-free sourcing and guaranteed quality. However, these shells often suffer from prolonged disintegration. Various studies have explored formulations with additional disintegrants like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30, yet results have fallen short of pharmacopeia standards. In this research, multiple disintegrants and formulations were tested to develop seaweed capsule shells with rapid disintegration times. The variation in composition of disintegrants was determined using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) in Design Expert® 13.0.12. By altering the variables in the form of concentrations of PVP K-30, Avicel PH 101, Primogel, Amylum Manihot, Carrageenan, Tween 80, and Aquadest. Primary targets were to identify disintegrants that can significantly reduce disintegration time while maintaining adherence to pharmacopeia standards. Using primogel can fully produce a capsule shell with a promising disintegration time of around 17 minutes, thereby achieving the objective of expediting the disintegration process. Primogel also reduces the critical gel point to 48.23°C when completely replacing PVP K-30. However, balancing desirability proved challenging, as reducing PVP K-30 led to increased disintegration time. Other disintegrants, like Avicel PH 101 or amylum manihot, had no significant impact on disintegration time or gel point. These findings contribute to understanding the complex relationship between disintegrants and their effects on seaweed capsule shell properties, advancing the objectives in optimizing formulation for improved pharmaceutical applications.
Enhancing Asphalt Mix Solubility with Sodium Bicarbonate Leavening in Vulcanized Rubber: A Regulatory-Compliant Approach
Authors: Nasruddin  , Setianto W B , Lanjar  , Atmaji P , Manalu L P , Wulandari E P , Sari T I , Faizal M , Ibrahim B
Published: June 2024

In this research, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was used as a leavening agent to create air voids in the rubber-vulcanized matrix. The air cavities formed will increase the solubility of rubber vulcanizate in the hot asphalt mixture. 4 and 5 per hundred rubber (phr) NaHCO3were added to each rubber compound using an open mill. The rubber compound was then vulcanized at 130°C for 15 minutes. Rubber vulcanizate is produced from 4 and 5 phr NaHCO3, each added at 8% to a hot asphalt solution. As a comparison material to determine the performance of NaHCO3, a rubber compound formula was prepared without using NaHCO3. It was found that the AK-01 sample containing NaHCO3at 4 phr had several characteristics that met the requirements of Indonesian rubber asphalt regulations, including a softening point of 59.7°C, kinematic viscosity at 135°C of 828 cSt, elasticity after recovery of 30%, storage stability, a softening point difference of 2.2°C, and elasticity after the return of the thin film oven test (TFOT) residue test of 40%.
Alcohol Content Analysis of Fermented Drinks from Cilembu Sweet Potatoes
Authors: Dwi Ramadhan Dia , Nurlilasari Puspita , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: June 2024

This drink made from Cilembu sweet potato is one of the products produced through a fermentation process. According to the MUI agreement, food and drinks that contain alcohol must remain below 0.5%. Therefore, food or beverage products that have an alcohol content exceeding 0.5% are considered prohibited for consumption and are included in the category of haram. In the production of this beverage, a sample of Cilembu sweet potato extract that had been fermented for 12 hours was taken and the alcohol content (%) was measured using an alcohol refractometer. If the alcohol content has reached 0.2%, then it is continued with a cleaning process 3 times periodically for 3 days using halal gelatin (cow bone) which also aims to slow down the process of increasing the alcohol content. Measurement of alcohol content is carried out periodically every 24 hours for 20 days. The results of the production show that the liquid fermentation drink from Cilembu sweet potato has an alcohol content of 0.2% until the 12th day and then rises to 0.4% until the 17th day and 0.6% until the 20th day. According to the fatwa MUI that the fermented drink produced from Cilembu sweet potato is still categorized as a halal drink with an alcohol content below 0.5% for 17 days of fermentation.
The potential of oil palm empty fruit bunches from Blitar Regency Indonesia as a filling material for NPK slow-release fertilizer
Authors: Dewi IA , Fahma F , Syamsu K , Suryanegara L , Saito Y , Munif A , Firmanda A , Purnawati R
Published: June 2024

There is a clear gap between the mechanism of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) to promote plant growth and the prominent role of nanocomposites as filler materials for SRF synthesis. However, the production source of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is considered to influence its characteristics as a filler in new materials. This research aims to review the characteristics of OPEFB from Blitar Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia as a filling material for NPK-SRF fertilizer. The characteristics of OPEFB consist of analysis of nutritional content using proximate, nutritional content using Van Soest, morphology and topography using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), crystal phase using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical compound composition using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The identification results show that OPEFB has the potential to be used as a filler in NPK-SRF production. This can be seen from the high cellulose content (41.7%), with quite similar crystallinity index as native OPEFB fibers. The morphology of OPEFB shows a porous structure with a not uniform pore distribution, pore channel structure, and a not-quite-smooth pore surface. However, slight modifications to the cellulose from OPEFB need to be made, such as purifying it into a single nano-sized cellulose.