bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal shape changes of the total and posterior cornea after temporal versus nasal clear corneal incision cataract surgery
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Sato Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Motoaki , Yoshimura Koichi
Published: May 2018

Aim

To compare changes in the shape and astigmatism of the total and posterior cornea between eyes with a nasal clear corneal incision (CCI) and eyes with a temporal CCI in cataract surgery.

Methods

The left eyes of 100 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomly assigned to undergo a 2.4 mm nasal (nasal CCI group) or temporal CCI (temporal CCI group). Corneal astigmatic changes were compared between groups using power vector analysis, and corneal shape changes were compared using videokeratography maps at 2 days, and at 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.

Results

The mean J0and J45values of the total cornea were significantly greater in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively (p≤0.0392), but did not differ significantly between groups at 2 days and 8 weeks. The videokeratography maps revealed a wedge-shaped flattening in the total cornea and a steepening in the posterior cornea around the CCIs in both groups at 2 days postoperatively; those were more prominent in the nasal CCI group than in the temporal CCI group. The wound-related changes diminished by 8 weeks postoperatively in the total and posterior cornea, and were not markedly different between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively.

Conclusion

Corneal shape and astigmatic changes were comparable between groups at 8 weeks postoperatively, although the changes were greater after nasal CCI than after temporal CCI in the early postoperative periods, indicating that nasal or temporal CCI can be selected based on the surgeon’s preference.
Roderick S. F. Campbell
Authors: Wilson Alan
Published: May 2018

With a vital role in developing veterinary education in Australia, he became one of the country's most outstanding veterinarians.
When Good Machine Learning Leads to Bad Security
Authors: Sethi Tegjyot Singh , Kantardzic Mehmed
Published: May 2018

While machine learning has proven to be promising in several application domains, our understanding of its behavior and limitations is still in its nascent stages. One such domain is that of cybersecurity, where machine learning models are replacing traditional rule based systems, owing to their ability to generalize and deal with large scale attacks which are not seen before. However, the naive transfer of machine learning principles to the domain of security needs to be taken with caution. Machine learning was not designed with security in mind and as such is prone to adversarial manipulation and reverse engineering. While most data based learning models rely on a static assumption of the world, the security landscape is one that is especially dynamic, with an ongoing never ending arms race between the system designer and the attackers. Any solution designed for such a domain needs to take into account an active adversary and needs to evolve over time, in the face of emerging threats. We term this as the "Dynamic Adversarial Mining" problem, and this paper provides motivation and foundation for this new interdisciplinary area of research, at the crossroads of machine learning, cybersecurity, and streaming data mining.
Control over Time: Employers, Workers, and Families Shaping Work Schedules
Authors: Gerstel Naomi , Clawson Dan
Published: May 2018

An extensive and long-standing literature examines the amount of time people spend on their jobs and families. A newer literature, including this review, takes that older literature as background and focuses on the social processes that shape our schedules: how we manage our time, accepting, negotiating, or contesting our shifting obligations and commitments. Research shows that time management is increasingly complex because unpredictable schedules are pervasive, and that gender, class, and race inequalities influence our ability to manage and control them. That lack of control and the unpredictability that accompanies it not only affect individual workers but also spread. A change in one person's schedule reverberates across a set of linked others in what we call a web of time. This review surveys and integrates research on hours and schedules of both jobs and families and concludes with attention to the policies that seek to address these issues.
Hydronephrosis is associated with elevated plasmin in urine in pediatric patients and rats and changes in NCC and γ-ENaC abundance in rat kidney
Authors: Zachar Rikke , Al-Mashhadi Ammar , Dimke Henrik , Svenningsen Per , Jensen Boye L. , Carlström Mattias
Published: May 2018

Obstruction of urine flow at the level of the pelvo-ureteric junction (UPJO) and subsequent development of hydronephrosis is one of the most common congenital renal malformations. UPJO is associated with development of salt-sensitive hypertension, which is set by the obstructed kidney, and with a stimulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in rodent models. This study aimed at investigating the hypothesis that 1) in pediatric patients with UPJO the RAAS is activated before surgical relief of the obstruction; 2) in rats with UPJO the RAAS activation is reflected by increased abundance of renal aldosterone-stimulated Na transporters; and 3) the injured UPJO kidney allows aberrant filtration of plasminogen, leading to proteolytic activation of the epithelial Na channel γ-subunit (γ-ENaC). Hydronephrosis resulting from UPJO in pediatric patients and rats was associated with increased urinary plasminogen-to-creatinine ratio. In pediatric patients, plasma renin, angiotensin II, urine and plasma aldosterone, and urine soluble prorenin receptor did not differ significantly before or after surgery, or compared with controls. Increased plasmin-to-plasminogen ratio was seen in UPJO rats. Intact γ-ENaC abundance was not changed in UPJO kidney, whereas low-molecular cleavage product abundance increased. The Na-Cl cotransporter displayed significantly lower abundance in the UPJO kidney compared with the nonobstructed contralateral kidney. The Na-K-ATPase α-subunit was unaltered. Treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (8 days, captopril) significantly lowered blood pressure in UPJO rats. It is concluded that the RAAS contributes to hypertension following partial obstruction of urine flow at the pelvo-ureteric junction with potential contribution from proteolytic activation of ENaC.
Physical Modeling of Displacement and Failure Monitoring of Underground Roadway in Horizontal Strata
Authors: Hou Dinggui , Yang Xiaojie
Published: May 2018

Physical modeling of the underground roadway in horizontal strata is carried out by using a newly developed physical modeling approach, the so‐called “physically finite elemental slab assemblage (PFESA).” The numerical 2D digital image correlation (DIC) technology is used to carry out the real‐time monitoring of the surface displacement of the model in the experimental process, and the axial force monitoring devices called the small bolt (SB) and small constant resistance bolt (SCRB) are designed for the real‐time detection of the roadway mechanics data. The displacement information of the whole physical model experiment process is obtained through the DIC technology. The SCRB can be well used to the mechanical monitoring of the deformation and failure of the roadway, though the analysis of the displacement and mechanical monitoring data can get that the change of the mechanical monitoring data of SCRB in advance of the displacement, the information of instability destruction precursor in roadway surrounding rock is the continuous increase of mechanical monitoring value in a short time. The experiment provides reference for the stability monitoring and early warning of the roadway surrounding rock based on a constant resistance and large deformation rock bolt (CRLB).
A estas alturas del partido
Authors: Florez Pedro
Published: May 2018

Un sistema de tributación debe ser lo más entendible y simple posible, para cualquier actor de la economía nacional y sobre todo, en un mundo de negocios que no sólo está dentro de las fronteras de Chile,  sino fuera de ella. Pero mucho más importante es que las reglas de tributación no tengan cambios de interpretación relevantes en la etapa de implementación de una reforma.
Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Oncogenic KRas-Driven Proliferation by Altering Plasma Membrane Nanoscale Proteolipid Composition
Authors: Fuentes Natividad R. , Mlih Mohamed , Barhoumi Rola , Fan Yang-Yi , Hardin Paul , Steele Trevor J. , Behmer Spencer , Prior Ian A. , Karpac Jason , Chapkin Robert S.
Published: May 2018

Ras signaling originates from transient nanoscale compartmentalized regions of the plasma membrane composed of specific proteins and lipids. The highly specific lipid composition of these nanodomains, termed nanoclusters, facilitates effector recruitment and therefore influences signal transduction. This suggests that Ras nanocluster proteolipid composition could represent a novel target for future chemoprevention interventions. There is evidence that consumption of fish oil containing long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19) may reduce colon cancer risk in humans, yet the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that dietary n-3 PUFA reduce the lateral segregation of cholesterol-dependent and -independent nanoclusters, suppressing phosphatidic acid-dependent oncogenic KRas effector interactions, via their physical incorporation into plasma membrane phospholipids. This results in attenuation of oncogenic Ras-driven colonic hyperproliferation in both Drosophila and murine models. These findings demonstrate the unique properties of dietary n-3 PUFA in the shaping of Ras nanoscale proteolipid complexes and support the emerging role of plasma membrane-targeted therapies.

Significance: The influence of dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma membrane protein nanoscale organization and KRas signaling supports development of plasma membrane-targeted therapies in colon cancer.

Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3899/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3899–912. ©2018 AACR.
Infusion of Alloanergized Donor Lymphocytes after CD34-selected Haploidentical Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Davies Jeff K. , Brennan Lisa L. , Wingard John R. , Cogle Christopher R. , Kapoor Neena , Shah Ami J. , Dey Bimalangshu R. , Spitzer Thomas R. , de Lima Marcos , Cooper Laurence J. , Thall Peter F. , Champlin Richard E. , Nadler Lee M. , Guinan Eva C.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for many hematologic cancers. Use of haploidentical (mismatched) donors increases HSCT availability but is limited by severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and delayed immune reconstitution. Alloanergization of donor T cells is a simple approach to rebuild immunity while limiting GvHD after haploidentical HSCT, but the optimal T-cell dose and impact on immune reconstitution remain unknown.

Patients and Methods: We performed a multicenter phase I trial of alloanergized donor lymphocyte infusion (aDLI) after CD34-selected myeloablative haploidentical HSCT. The primary aim was feasibility and safety with secondary aims of assessing the less frequently addressed issue of impact on immune reconstitution.

Results: Nineteen patients with high-risk acute leukemia or myelodysplasia were enrolled. Engraftment occurred in 18 of 19 patients (95%). Pre-aDLI, 12 patients (63%) had bacteremia, nine of 17 at-risk patients (53%) reactivated CMV, and one developed acute GvHD. Sixteen patients received aDLI at dose levels 1 (103 T cells/kg, n = 4), 2 (104, n = 8), and 3 (105, n = 4). After aDLI, five patients developed clinically significant acute GvHD, and four of 14 at-risk patients (29%) reactivated CMV. T-cell recovery was significantly greater, and functional virus- and tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells were detectable earlier in patients receiving dose level 2 or 3 versus dose level 1/no aDLI. Alloanergization of donor cells expanded the CD4+ T-regulatory cell frequency within aDLI, which increased further in vivo without impeding expansion of virus- and tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells.

Conclusions: These data demonstrate safety and a potential role for aDLI in contributing to immune reconstitution and expanding tolerogenic regulatory T cells in vivo after CD34-selected myeloablative haploidentical HSCT. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4098–109. ©2018 AACR.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Topical Green Tea Extract (Polyphenon E) Application in a “Therapy-Resistant” Plantar Wart
Authors: Meloni Giancarlo , Milani Massimo
Published: May 2018

Plantar warts account for 30% of all cutaneous warts. These lesions could be very painful, especially if the lesion is located over pressure sites such as the metatarsal head. Plantar wart treatment remains a challenging therapeutic problem. A 67-year-old immunocompetent nonsmoking man presented with a large mosaic plantar wart on his right foot. The lesion had been present for 5 years. Several cryotherapy sessions (a total of 6 procedures) had been performed with no success. The lesion was therefore treated with a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) regimen and then with a topical combination of 5-FU and salicylic acid, but also these approaches failed. At the initial visit, a large (16 cm2) mosaic wart lesion was present. Treatment with topical Polyphenon E, 10%, twice daily was prescribed and started. After 3 months of treatment, the lesion completely disappeared. Interestingly, no curettage or mechanical pickling of the hyperkeratotic parts of the lesion were performed before the start of the treatment. Local tolerability was evaluated as very good by the patient.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Mimicking Desmoplastic Trichoepithelioma: A Case with Correlation of Dermoscopy and Histology
Authors: Kunz Michael , Kerl Katrin , Braun Ralph Peter
Published: May 2018

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in humans worldwide. Many highly specific dermoscopic criteria for BCC are well established in the literature. On the contrary, other malignant or benign skin tumors may mimic BCC by exhibiting similar or even the same dermoscopic features and therefore obscuring the diagnosis of BCC in certain situations. We herein report a case of BCC with dermoscopic features of both BCC and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DT). We would like to remind of the often neglected differential diagnosis of DT in a lesion with arborizing vessels and otherwise unusual dermoscopic presentation.
Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay After Complete Repair for Tetralogy of Fallot: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mercer‐Rosa Laura , Elci Okan U. , DeCost Grace , Woyciechowski Stacy , Edman Sharon M. , Ravishankar Chitra , Mascio Christopher E. , Kawut Steven M. , Goldmuntz Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Background

We sought to identify patient and surgical factors associated with time to hospital discharge in patients undergoing complete repair for tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods and Results

We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with tetralogy of Fallot admitted for complete repair between May 1, 2012 and June 2, 2017 at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with detailed demographic, clinical, and operative characteristics. The primary outcome was time to hospital discharge. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify patient and operative predictors of time to hospital discharge. We enrolled 151 subjects, 62.8% male, 65.6% non‐Hispanic white, and 9.9% non‐Hispanic black. The median time to hospital discharge was 7 days (interquartile range 4, 12). Five patients died in the hospital, all of whom underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair beyond the neonatal period. Greater birth weight was associated with higher rate of hospital discharge (hazard ratio [
HR
]=1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.11, 1.64), while absent pulmonary valve versus pulmonary stenosis (
HR
=0.27, 95%
CI
=0.08, 0.91), pulmonary valve atresia versus pulmonary stenosis (
HR
=0.57, 95%
CI
=0.33, 0.97), presence of aortopulmonary collaterals (
HR
=0.44, 95%
CI
=0.24, 0.84), complete repair performed in the neonatal period (<30 days of life) (
HR
=0.45, 95%
CI
=0.27, 0.75), more than 1 cardiopulmonary bypass run (
HR
=0.33, 95%
CI
=0.18, 0.61), and longer aortic cross‐clamp time (
HR
[per 10 minutes]=0.88, 95%
CI
=0.79, 0.97) were associated with lower rate of hospital discharge.

Conclusions

Postoperative hospital stay after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot is in part determined by patient and operative factors. Some (eg, surgical strategy for the symptomatic neonate) may be modifiable. These results may impact patient counseling, choice of surgical approach, and postoperative care.
Three new mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) from Iran
Authors: MOGHADDAM MASUMEH
Published: May 2018

Three new mealybug species, Dysmicoccus caspianensis sp. n., Dysmicoccus zagrosicus sp. n. and Phenacoccus bromi sp. n. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), collected from protected areas in Iran, are described and illustrated. The identification keys to Phenacoccus species lacking ventral multilocular disc pores and Dysmicoccus species in Iran are presented.
Laboratory and Flight Tests of 2D Imaging Probes: Toward a Better Understanding of Instrument Performance and the Impact on Archived Data
Authors: Gurganus Colin , Lawson Paul
Published: May 2018

Two-dimensional (2D) imaging probes, such as the 2D stereo (2D-S) probe and the cloud imaging probe (CIP), are routinely used to provide in situ measurements of cloud particle properties. The basic measurement is shadowgraphs of water drops and ice particles from which particle size distributions, projected particle area, and mass concentrations are determined. These data permeate data archives of domestic and foreign government agencies, universities, and the private sector. This paper provides results from laboratory tests and flight tests on a Learjet research aircraft that give new insights into the performance of the 2D imaging probes, and how their performance may have impacted measurements collected in data archives. The laboratory tests are conducted with the aid of two devices: 1) a droplet generator that provides known concentrations of water drops from 15 to 65 µm ± 1 µm that can be positioned in the probe’s sample volume with 10-µm precision; and 2) a motorized spinning platform that supports transparent disks with small opaque features (i.e., a “spinning disk”), which replicates the effect of particles transecting the probe’s sample volume at translational speeds up to 190 m s−1. The flight tests were conducted with a Learjet research aircraft that collected cloud particle data at true airspeeds from 99 to 170 m s−1. The results provide new insights into how probe optics, time response, and data throughput of the 2D-S and CIP electro-optics impact the measurements of cloud particles. The results, summarized in the conclusions, suggest how archived data are impacted.
Using High-Resolution Simulations to Quantify Errors in Radar Estimates of Tornado Intensity
Authors: Dahl Nathan A. , Nolan David S.
Published: May 2018

Observation experiments are performed on a set of high-resolution large-eddy simulations of translating tornado-like vortices. Near-surface Doppler wind measurements are taken by emulating a mobile radar positioned from 1 to 10 km south of each vortex track and conducting single-level scans every 2 s. The departure of each observed gust (wind measurement averaged over two successive scans) from the corresponding true maximum 3-s gust at 10 m AGL (“S10–3s”) is partitioned into error sources associated with resolution volume size, wind direction relative to the radar beam, beam elevation, and temporal sampling. The distributions of each error type are diagrammed as functions of range, observed wind speed, and predicted deviation between the wind direction and the radar beam. The results indicate that the deviation between the wind direction and the radar beam is the predominant source of error in these rapid scan scenarios, although range is also a substantial factor. The median total error is ~10% for small deviation at close range, but it approximately doubles if the range is increased from 1 to 10 km; a more pronounced increase in both the median value and the variance of the total error is seen as the deviation becomes large. Because of this, the underestimate of the global maximum S10–3s approaches 30–40 m s−1 at a longer range, although the global maximum of the time-averaged observed wind speed gives a reasonable approximation of the time-mean maximum S10–3s in many cases. Because of simplifying assumptions and the limited number of cases examined, these results are intended as a baseline for further research.
Biting the Hands that Feed “the Alligators”: A Case Study in Morbid Obesity Extremes, End-of-Life Care, and Prohibitions on Harming and Accelerating the End of Life
Authors: Malinowski Michael J.
Published: May 2018

Obesity, recognized as a disease in the U.S. and at times as a terminal illness due to associated medical complications, is an American epidemic according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), American Heart Association (“AHA”), and other authorities. More than one third of Americans (39.8% of adults and 18.5% of children) are medically obese. This article focuses on cases of “extreme morbid obesity” (“EMO”)—situations in which death is imminent without aggressive medical interventions, and bariatric surgery is the only treatment option with a realistic possibility of success. Bariatric surgeries themselves are very high risk for EMO patients. Individuals in this state have impeded mobility and are partially, if not entirely, bedridden, highly vulnerable, and dependent upon caregivers who often are enablers feeding their food addictions. The article draws from existing Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and Social Security Administration (“SSA”) policies and procedures for severe obesity treatment and disability benefits. The discussion also encompasses myriad areas in which the law imposes a duty to report on professionals to protect vulnerable individuals from harm from others, and constraints and prohibitions on accelerating the end of life. The article proposes, among other law and policy measures, to introduce an obligation on medical professionals to investigate and report instances of enablement when food addiction has put the lives of individuals at risk of imminent death. The objectives of the proposals are to give providers more leverage to prevent food addiction enablers from impeding treatment and to enable EMO patients to comply with treatment protocols, to save lives and, ironically, to empower enablers to stand firm against the demands of individuals whose lives have been consumed by their food addictions.
Study of interference localization using single satellite based on signal strength distribution in multi-beam antenna for satellite communications system
Authors: He Chao , Xie Zhi-dong , Bian Dong-ming , Zhong Xi-jian
Published: May 2018

Large onboard antennas with multi-beams are used almost in all the Geostationary Earth Orbit satellite communications systems, which are always disturbed by jams and inferences. However, there are lots of factors restricting interference localization in satellite communications system because the system is not designed for location-oriented. This article makes use of the characteristic that each spot beam of multi-beams antenna has different gain at the position of interference, establishes the localization equations set by using the ground projection model of multi-beams antenna pattern, and gives two methods of solving equations. Thus, it proposes interference localization algorithm using single satellite, based on antenna gain and the distribution of signal strength in multi-beam space. Because of not depending on extra onboard equipments and other facilities, it has no effect on the construction and operation of satellite communications system. From the results of analyses and simulations, the localization precision can satisfy the general practical requirement. The algorithm could be used in checking the interference of the system, decision supporting of anti-jamming, and improving operation and management of the system.
A practical adaptive nonlinear tracking algorithm with range rate measurement
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Liu Hongqiang , Zhou Zhongliang , Xu An
Published: May 2018

It is difficult to answer the problem whether the range rate measurement should be adopted to track a target in a tracking scenario. A practical adaptive nonlinear tracking algorithm with the range rate measurement is proposed, which avoids this problem and achieves good accuracy of target state estimation. First, three popular nonlinear filtering algorithms only with the position measurement are surveyed. Second, three popular nonlinear filtering algorithms with the position and range rate measurements are surveyed. Then, a novel tracking algorithm with range rate measurement is proposed based on the cumulative sum detector and the above two kinds of nonlinear algorithms. The results of simulation experiment demonstrate that the range rate measurement could reduce accuracy of the target state estimation in mismatch tracking scenarios. The results of simulation experiment also verify that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than the current state and the art interacting multiple-model algorithm and can well follow the state estimation output of the measurement equation matching the tracking scenario.
Developmentally inspired human ‘organs on chips’
Authors: Ingber Donald E.
Published: May 2018

Although initially developed to replace animal testing in drug development, human ‘organ on a chip’ (organ chip) microfluidic culture technology offers a new tool for studying tissue development and pathophysiology, which has brought us one step closer to carrying out human experimentation in vitro. In this Spotlight article, I discuss the central role that developmental biology played in the early stages of organ-chip technology, and how these models have led to new insights into human physiology and disease mechanisms. Advantages and disadvantages of the organ-chip approach relative to organoids and other human cell cultures are also discussed.
Size-reduced embryos reveal a gradient scaling based mechanism for zebrafish somite formation
Authors: Ishimatsu Kana , Hiscock Tom W. , Collins Zach M. , Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika , Lischer Kenny , Richmond David L. , Bessho Yasumasa , Matsui Takaaki , Megason Sean G.
Published: May 2018

Little is known about how the sizes of animal tissues are controlled. A prominent example is somite size which varies widely both within an individual and across species. Despite intense study of the segmentation clock governing the timing of somite generation, how it relates to somite size is poorly understood. Here we examine somite scaling and find that somite size at specification scales with the length of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) despite considerable variation in PSM length across developmental stages and in surgically size-reduced embryos. Measurement of clock period, axis elongation speed, and clock gene expression patterns demonstrate that existing models fail to explain scaling. We posit a “clock and scaled gradient” model, in which somite boundaries are set by a dynamically scaling signaling gradient across the PSM. Our model not only explains existing data, but also makes a unique prediction that we experimentally confirm—the formation of periodic “echoes” in somite size following perturbation of the size of one somite. Our findings demonstrate that gradient scaling plays a central role both in progression and size control of somitogenesis.
Fox proteins are modular competency factors for facial cartilage and tooth specification
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Balczerski Bartosz , Ciozda Amanda , Louie Kristin , Oralova Veronika , Huysseune Ann , Crump J. Gage
Published: May 2018

Facial form depends on the precise positioning of cartilage, bone, and tooth fields in the embryonic pharyngeal arches. How complex signaling information is integrated to specify these cell types remains a mystery. We find that modular expression of Forkhead-domain transcription factors (Fox) in the zebrafish face arises through integration of Hh, Fgf, Bmp, Edn1, and Jagged-Notch pathways. Whereas loss of C-class Fox proteins results in reduced upper facial cartilages, loss of F-class Fox proteins results in distal jaw truncations and absent midline cartilages and teeth. We show that Fox proteins are required for Sox9a to promote chondrogenic gene expression. Fox proteins are sufficient in neural crest-derived cells for cartilage development, and neural crest-specific misexpression of Fox proteins expands the cartilage domain while inhibiting bone. These results support a modular role for Fox proteins in establishing the competency of progenitors to form cartilage and teeth in the face.
Stumbling corrective reaction elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve in walking mice
Authors: Mayer William Paganini , Akay Turgay
Published: May 2018

The ability to walk around in a natural environment requires the capacity to cope with unexpected obstacles that may disrupt locomotion. One such mechanism is called the stumbling corrective reaction (SCR) that enables animals to step over obstacles that would otherwise disturb the progression of swing movement. Here we use in vivo motion analysis and physiological recording techniques to describe the SCR in mice. We show that SCR can be elicited consistently in mice during locomotion by inserting an obstacle along the path of leg movement during swing phase. Furthermore, we show that the same behavior can be elicited if the saphenous nerve, a cutaneous nerve that would detect contact of the leg with an object, is stimulated electrically. This suggests that cutaneous afferent feedback is sufficient to elicit SCR. We further show that the SCR is phase dependent occurring only with stimulation during swing phase, but not during early stance. During SCR elicited by either method, the foot is lifted higher to clear the object by flexing the knee, via the semitendinosus muscle, and ankle joint, by tibialis anterior contraction. The latter also exhibits a brief extension before flexion onset. Our data provide a detailed description of SCR in mice and will be crucial for future research that aims to identify the interneurons of the premotor network controlling SCR and its neuronal mechanisms by combining motion analysis, electrophysiology, and mouse genetics.
Posttreatment Technique for SN2 Alkylation of Aromatics with Alkyl Halides: Aiming toward Large-Scale Synthesis of Building Blocks for Soft π-Molecular Materials
Authors: Okamoto Ken , Lu Fengniu , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: May 2018

Unreacted alkyl halide and byproduct olefin contaminants in products of SN2 alkylation reactions of aromatic compounds can be efficiently removed by sequential posttreatments with a base and a boron compound (sodium borohydride or 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), followed by column chromatography on silica gel. These treatments permit large-scale purification of various alkylated aromatics, thereby assisting in the development of soft π-conjugated materials, such as monomers for semiconducting polymers or alkylated π-functional liquids.
One-Step Synthesis of Polyethylenimine-Coated Fe3O4 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Latent Fingermark Enhancement
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Liu Li
Published: May 2018

We report a one-step synthesis procedure for obtaining polyethyleneimine-coated Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles (PEI-Fe3O4 NPs) for latent fingermark enhancement. The as-prepared nanoparticles were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), zeta potential analyzer (ZetaPALS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The experiment displayed the PEI-Fe3O4 NPs with high magnetization and well-defined structure were successfully synthesized and the cladding rate of PEI was 33.3%. The PEI-Fe3O4 NPs were later applied to develop latent fingermarks on various surfaces, including porous and nonporous, which showed clear ridges and good contrast, even for the minutiae and pores. To compare with Fe3O4 NPs, the PEI-Fe3O4 NPs were used to detect aged fingermarks, and it achieved great advantages especially for porous surfaces. Above all, the PEI-Fe3O4 NPs can efficiently enhance latent fingermarks, and thus have great potential in forensic investigations.
Management of Human Capital in the Digital Economy
Authors: Ширинкина Елена , Shirinkina Elena
Published: May 2018

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the modern information society is characterized by a trend towards universal digitalization. This trend is typical for all major social institutions and spheres of life. To maintain global competitiveness in the conditions of total digitalization, it is necessary to develop new principles in the management of human capital, since for the domestic industry it is necessary to increase the qualitative personnel that can lead the country to a new level of development, where one of the priority directions is artificial intelligence, which is one of the topical areas of research on the problem of consciousness. In this connection, the article highlights the principles of human capital management in the digital economy. A comparative analysis of the principles of the traditional approach to the management and management of human capital in the digital economy is conducted. It is justified that a revision of the competence approach of training personnel in higher education institutions is necessary, since the state, the higher education system and the business community must form a single professional and qualification space in the conditions of digitalization.
Redes de cooperación empresarial internacionales en el sector ambiental y cooperación triangular
Authors: GONZALEZ ALVARADO TANIA ELENA , Martín Granados V. María Antonieta
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comportamiento de las empresas del sector ambiental en la red de cooperación empresarial internacional. A fin de alcanzarlo se analizaron 130 empresas del sector ambiental de diferentes países que participaron en encuentros empresariales Al-Invest. El principal resultado es que al vincularse las empresas entre diferentes regiones buscan, principalmente, acuerdos de representación (32.58%) y búsqueda de empresas productoras (31.82%). En igualdad de importancia (25%) se identificaron tres fines adicionales: Transferencia de conocimiento, Ofertas de productos y Comercialización. La conclusión es que los vínculos entre las empresas estudiadas reflejan la cooperación Norte-Sur-Sur, viéndose esta última facilitada por la cooperación triangular.
GENERACIÓN DE RENDIMIENTOS FINANCIEROS POSITIVOS, DADA LA DIVULGACIÓN DE LOS CONTENIDOS DE LOS CÓDIGOS DE BUEN GOBIERNO EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES COTIZADAS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Méndez Beltrán Jairo Andrés , Lugo Romero Angie Lorena , Valenzuela Melo Iván Camilo
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo explica la relación entre el desempeño financiero de las empresas y la divulgación de los códigos de buen gobierno. Una regresión logística se estima mediante el método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud. Los resultados muestran que la probabilidad de generar un ROA positivo es mayor, cuando se divulgan de manera significativa los contenidos de los códigos de buen gobierno. Las investigaciones futuras pueden arrojar luz sobre el impacto del comportamiento directivo en los beneficios económicos y sociales.
Influencia del marketing social y prácticas de RSE en la intención de compra de los millennials
Authors: Martínez Escareño Irma Marcela , Casillas Rancurello María Fernanda , Núñez Alfaro Carlos Manuel , González Galindo Angélica Dayana , Aguilera Valdez Andrea Elizabeth , Portales Luis
Published: May 2018

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) es considerada como una práctica funcionalista que genera ventajas competitivas para las empresas. El marketing social es un programa que se encuentran bajo esta perspectiva, y que tiene como interés el minimizar o eliminar cualquier efecto destructivo, y maximizar cualquier beneficio en la sociedad, por medio del comportamiento de compra. Los millennials han sido influenciados por este tipo de programas, llevándolos a tener comportamientos o intenciones de compra orientadas a la RSC y a los programas de marketing social. Tomando como base este contexto, la presente investigación identifica el nivel de conocimiento de millennials mexicanos sobre las prácticas de RSC que hacen determinadas empresas, así como la forma en que son influenciados por programas de marketing social en su intención de compra. Se llevó a cabo una metodología cuasi-experimental que constó de cinco fases, a través de las cuáles se identificaron las intenciones de compra de los participantes y las causas de las mismas. A través de grupos de enfoque se identificaron tres tipos de consumidores millennials, dos mostraron ser sensibles a prácticas de RSC y marketing social, evidenciando el potencial que tiene para consolidarse como una ventaja competitiva.
Strategic Open Routing in Service Networks
Authors: Arlotto Alessandro , Frazelle Andrew E. , Wei Yehua
Published: May 2018

We study the behavior of strategic customers in an open-routing service network with multiple stations. When a customer enters the network, she is free to choose the sequence of stations that she visits, with the objective of minimizing her expected total system time. We propose a two-station game with all customers present at the start of service and deterministic service times, and we find that strategic customers “herd,” that is, in equilibrium all customers choose the same route. For unobservable systems, we prove that the game is supermodular, and we then identify a broad class of learning rules—which includes both fictitious play and Cournot best response—that converges to herding in finite time. By combining different theoretical and numerical analyses, we find that the herding behavior is prevalent in many other congested open-routing service networks, including those with arrivals over time, those with stochastic service times, and those with more than two stations. We also find that the system under herding performs very close to the first-best outcome in terms of cumulative system time.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2971 .

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Effect of Friction Stir Welding Processing Parameters on Abrasion Wear Resistance of AA5083 Welded Joints
Authors: Badran O. , Al-Kloub N. , Hassan A. Mahmood , Al-Jarrah J. Abdullah , Khrais S. Khaled
Published: May 2018

The effect of processing parameters an abrasion wear resistance of AA5083 joints produced by FSW was analyzed in this study. Welding speed and rotational speed were the considered parameters studied in this investigation at five levels for each one. The result of this study showed that the abrasion wear resistance of the stir zone increased with increasing welding speed and it increased with decreasing rotational speed. And that welding speed is more significant than rotational speed. Also, the interaction effect of welding speed and rotational speed is not significant.
Computational Studies of Vibration Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties of Metformin Using HF, DFT Methods
Authors: Srinivasan S. , Renganayaki V.
Published: May 2018

The molecular vibrations of metformin, one of the important anti-diabetic drugs to treat Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) have been investigated at room temperature by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform Raman (FTR) spectroscopies. The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound have been recorded in the regions 4000-400 and 3500-250 cm-1. A satisfactory band assignment has been made on the fundamental modes of vibration. Employing the ab - initio Hatree –Fock (HF) and Density Function Theory (DFT) methods, the theoretical vibrational frequencies and geometry parameters like bond lengths, bond angles etc have been calculated and compared with the experimental values. HF and DFT calculations were performed using the standard B3LYP/6-31G** method and basis set combination. Optimized geometries were obtained using the global optimization procedure. Theoretical investigations of harmonic vibrational frequencies and thermodynamic properties viz. the zero point vibrational energy (ZPVE), entropy, heat capacity have been carried out. It has been found that both methods gave consistent data for geometric parameters, but DFT yielded vibrational frequencies much closer to the experimental values.
Fashion exhibition as film
Authors: Moloney Alison
Published: May 2018

This article reflects on the film project 1914 Now: Four Perspectives on Fashion Curation (2014) in which I invited internationally renowned fashion curators to present their curatorial thesis on film rather than working with dress in three dimensions within the familiar context of the gallery or museum. When I devised this experimental project, I set out to test notions of curatorial authorship as evidenced upon the final public presentation and to appraise film as a medium for curatorial interpretation. This article examines museological concepts associated with the curation of fashion and dress and assesses curatorial trajectories and interventions, scenography and the animation of objects as applied to film. What happens when a curator, used to dealing with the object, no longer has the object to install?
A fashion exhibition as cinematic experience
Authors: Mida Ingrid
Published: May 2018

Both the museum and cinema encourage the viewer to escape from the experience of the everyday and sequentially mobilize the gaze on a temporal itinerary that triggers personal affective responses. In this article, I will analyse the scenography of the exhibition Catwalk, a thematic display of historic dress at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam (20 February–22 May 2016). Designed by photographer Erwin Olaf, the exhibit made explicit connections to the catwalk even though many of the garments on display predate the origins of the catwalk or runway as a mode of presentation for fashion. The scenography negated the sensation of time and historicity and produced the affect of glamour, such that the Catwalk exhibition might be linked to Sophia Coppola’s film Marie Antoinette (Coppola, 2006) in borrowing from the third-wave feminist aesthetic.
Review
Authors: Stevenson N. J.
Published: May 2018

Yves Saint Laurent: Style is Eternal, BOWES MUSEUM, TEESDALE, JULY–OCTOBER 2015; MUSEÉ YVES SAINT LAURENT, PARIS, OPENED 2017
Re-Contextualizing the Object: Using New Technologies to Reconstruct the Lost Interiors of Medieval Islamic Buildings
Authors: McClary Richard Piran
Published: May 2018

There has been a common theme arising in the display of Islamic architectural fragments. Decontextualized and alone, so often their rather opaque provenance, and questions as to how the objects became detached from their original locations, have led to a profound disconnect between the objects and the buildings from which they came. This article proposes a new way of displaying and understanding such items in situ that directly confronts the issue of origin. Its focus is on the Ilkhanid lustre tiles from the tomb of Shaykh ‘Abd al-Samad in Natanz, Iran. A number of the tiles are in major museum collections around the world, with little sense of the cumulative appearance of the complete composition, or the other decorative elements of the building. By using low-cost building materials and high-quality printing it is possible to recreate a sense of the Ilkhanid-era appearance of the interior of the Natanz tomb. Through such an installation the original scale, context, and epigraphic programme will become clear. This article challenges several curatorial conventions and bridges the divide between the objects and the building of which they originally formed an integral part.
Interpolated Spaces: The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s ‘Damascus Room’ Reinstalled
Authors: Kenney Ellen
Published: May 2018

In the 1975 iteration of the Islamic art galleries at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), curators assembled historical architectural elements, mainly from eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Damascus, to create a Damascene period room that came to be known as the ‘Nur al-Din Room’. Positioned near the introductory gallery, the room captured the imagination of museum visitors, who felt transported through space and time by its romantic allure. Only the most specialized of visitors would have known the extent to which the ‘Nur al-Din Room’ represented a pastiche incorporating elements from different interiors and periods, or that its previous owners remained anonymous. For the reinstallation of the Islamic galleries, which opened in fall 2011, the room was entirely dismantled and reassembled after receiving conservation treatment. It was positioned in a new location within the galleries and was reconfigured to better reflect the original layout of its main elements: a group of wooden wall panels decorated with a colourful relief technique known as ‘ajami. Information about this technique, eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Damascus and its residential architecture, as well as the collection and display history of the room itself, is provided on a touch-screen inside the space.
A Sanctuary for Carpets: The New Installation at the MAK – Museum für angewandte Kunst, Vienna, 2014
Authors: Karl Barbara , Völker Angela , Embacher Michael
Published: May 2018

This article deals with the latest and quite daring installation of the one of the most famous and oldest carpet collections worldwide: the collection of the MAK – Museum für angewandte Kunst, Vienna, which includes pieces from the former Austrian imperial household. Michael Embacher designed a sanctuary-like space in which the individual carpets are suspended from different levels and presented at varying angles. The underlying curatorial concept stresses the interconnectedness of carpet designs during the classical age of the large Islamic empires from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. This unique presentation enables the visitor to experience their splendour and to contextualize them within carpet history in an atmospherically dense space.
Book Reviews
Authors: Wharton-Durgaryan Alyson , Farag Joseph R. , Hein Carola , Sedighi Mohamad , Hellman Amanda H. , Gilvin Amanda
Published: May 2018

Building Modern Turkey: State, Space and Ideology in the Early Republic, Zeynep Kezer (2015) Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 344 pp., 88 b&w illus., ISBN: 9780822963905, $29.93 (paperback)

Mid-Century Modernism in Turkey: Architecture Across Cultures in the 1950s and 1960s, ed. Meltem Ö. Gürel (2016) Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 192 pp., 32 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781138806092, $163.00 (hardback)

Space and Mobility in Palestine, Julie Peteet (2017) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 239 pp., ISBN: 9780253024800, $80.00 (cloth), ISBN: 9780253024930, $30.00 (paperback)

Kuwait Transformed: A History of Oil and Urban Life, Farah Al-Nakib (2016) Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 278 pp., 20 b&w illus., ISBN: 9780804796392, $24.95 (hardback)

Swahili Port Cities: The Architecture of Elsewhere, Prita Meier (2016) Bloomingdale, IN: Indiana University Press, 248pp, 16 colour and 80 b&w illus., ISBN: 9780253019158, $35.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9780253019097, $80.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780253019172, $34.99 (ebook)

Architecture, Islam, Identity in West Africa: Lessons from Larabanga, Michelle Apotsos (2016) New York: Routledge, xiv, 216 pp., 61 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781138192461, $59.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9781138192454, $180.00 (hardback), ISBN: 9781315639949, $53.96 (ebook)