bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation among the oxide ion polarizability, optical basicity and interaction parameter in Gd3+ ions doped oxyhalide borate glasses
Authors: Chandrashekaraiah G , Veeranna Gowda V C , Jayasheelan A , Narayana Reddy C , Mallikarjunaiah K J
Published: November 2021

A borate glasses doped with rare earth Gd3+ ion in the system [6OB2O3 + 30 L12O + x Gd2O3 + (10-x) BiCl3] is prepared by the conventional melt quenching method and their optical properties have been studied. The oxide ion polarizability parameter is calculating by using refractive index of glass materials, which is obtained from UV-Vis spectra. The borate glasses are known to possess high oxide ion polarizability, high refractive index, high basicity and low interaction parameter values. In this present study, theoretical calculation of basicity and interaction parameter, using oxide ion polarization, of the glass network has been addressed. A good linear correlation between the interaction parameter and basicity is observed.
A theoretical study on photo absorption in silicon decorated boron clusters (BnSi, n=7-10)
Authors: Jaiswal Ankita , Ray Shakti S , Sahu Sridhar
Published: November 2021

In this work, we have studied the optical absorption spectra of small boron clusters doped with single silicon atom (BnSi, n=7-10) and is reported employing CAM-B3LYP functional with 6-311+G(d) basis –set within the framework of time dependent density functional study (TD-DFT). We have computed excitation energy, oscillator strength, wavelength and the corresponding orbital transitions associated with a given oscillator strength. Analysis of optical absorption spectra of studied clusters shows that most of the absorption peaks are found in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) region (200 nm-700 nm). The major peaks are found to fall in UV region along with some weaker peaks at visible region. The most intense peak is recorded for B8Si cluster at 232 nm and oscillator strength of 0.084. This peak is associated with the orbital transition from H-4→L+1.
Phenomenological explanation of spontaneous polarisation and onset ferroelectric Phase transition in RbH2AsO4 (RDA) crystal
Authors: Kumar K , Upadhyay T C , Joshi A
Published: November 2021

By applying two-time thermal dependent Zuberav’s statistical, retarded Green function approach and modified earlier simple PLCM model Hamiltonian by adding some extra terms into it, like third-order and fourth-order, phonon anharmonic interactions, direct spin-spin terms, extra spin-lattice terms, and four body interaction terms, for theoretical investigation of thermal dependent spontaneous polarization and ferroelectric phase transition in the first-order phase, of RbH2AsO4crystal. It undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition at 109.9K. With the help of Dyson’s equation in the Mean-Field Approximation (MFA), theoretical formulae are obtained for electrical permittivity, tangent delta, Cochran’s mode frequency, spontaneous polarization, and response function. Model values are fitted for the above physical parameters to obtain variations with temperature. A comparison of theoretical finding has been made with the experimental finding reported by Blinc et al [12], and Zolototrubov et al[8].
Moisture trajectories during heavy rainfall events using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model
Authors: Aryalakshmi S , Madhu Dhanya
Published: November 2021

Heavy rainfall inducing other catastrophic events are frequently experienced globally. Understanding the mechanisms of moisture transport during such events will help in furthering our knowledge about such systems. In the current study, estimation of most likely moisture trajectoriesis performed using back trajectory analyses. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) is used for the purpose. A preliminary analysis is conducted by calculating the frequencies of back trajectories from two locations in Kerala for three heavy rainfall cases. The analysis indicates that both the locations have similar pattern of moisture trajectories during the cases occurring in south west monsoon and pre monsoon periods. However, a change in the behaviour of the trajectories for the two locations is observed for the case during the north east monsoon period. Since this study involved only individual cases, robust conclusions cannot be made based on this for the dynamics of moisture transport for these locations. More detailed analysis will follow this preliminary study in future for the purpose.
Concentrate development from Litchi Juice and quality evaluation during storage
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Shelke Anil , Bansal Bharti , Gautam Vinay
Published: November 2021

An attempt has been made to concentrate Litchi juice using fresh juice, using class-II preservatives via laboratory scale single stage single effect glass evaporator with vacuum in a batch. Two litchi varieties viz. Dehradun and Seedless late were procured from the Regional Fruit Research Station, Gangian (Distt. Hoshiarpur) and processing was done at Food Science and Technology department (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) pilot-plant. The extraction of juice was attempted via screw-based juice extractor with subsequent muslin cloth filtration. The filtered juice was divided into two lots of which one was concentrated via evaporation while another was preserved using 2000 ppm potassium metabisulphite in glass bottles for later on concentration. The juice was concentrated at 50-55oC temperature with a vacuum of 27-30 inches of Hg. The final concentration of juice was maintained at 80 oBrix in all the cases. Product was packed in pearl pet jars and was stored at ambient room temperature (12-38 oC) (RT) and low temperature (LT) i.e., refrigerated (0-4oC) for 6 months periodic quality evaluation like physico-chemical because of storage. Stored product was analyzed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months interval for various storage physico-chemical changes like TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, browning, pectin, viscosity, tannins and sensory quality. The result outcome proposed that seedless variety yield more juice, pulp and less seed in comparison to Dehradun variety while the sensory characteristics were found more acceptable in Dehradun variety rather than Seedless variety. Physico-chemical properties observed in concentrates from both litchi varieties doesn’t show much difference but a clear difference can be seen room temperature stored concentrate to low temperature stored concentrate. The flow behavior for the concentrates was found to be decreasing slightly with storage period as compared to controls. However, considerable decrease in flow behavior index was observed for the concentrates prepared from Dehradun variety stored at low temperature for 6 months to the seedless variety. The consistency index values has shown positive drift with extending storage time especially for those low temperature concentrates. So, it can be said concentrates from both varieties could be commercially produced with acceptable sensory characteristics.
CoSe2/graphene composite: a low-cost, high performance counter electrode for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Tamilselvi C. , Duraisamy P. , Subathra N. , Sumathi T. , Sonia Fredrick R
Published: November 2021

In this study, Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using cobalt selenide (CoSe2)/graphene sheets using facile hydrothermal technique. The Pt free counter electrode (CE) was systematically investigated their physico-chemical properties by using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, UV, PL, XPS and BET analysis. Under typical AM 1.5G illumination, the DSSC based on the CoSeSe2 counter electrode achieves a maximum PCE of 12.2 % (Jsc = 22.3 mA/cm2, Voc= 810 mV, and FF= 0.71), which is 5.8 times higher than that of conventional Pt-based DSSC. The improved electro catalytic activity and photo conversion efficiency of the CoSeSe2/graphene CE is due to prevent the recombination of electron-hole pair and extended the visible light absorption of composite samples.
Comparison of Single User with Multi User Cooperative Spectrum Sensing for Energy Detector at Low SNR Wall
Authors: Bani Kavita , Kulkarni Vaishali
Published: November 2021

With rapidly increasing demand in wireless communication, available licensed spectrum resources should be utilized efficiently and actively. Cognitive radio is a device which learns from surrounding environment and transmit its signal when license spectrum is unutilized. Spectrum sensing is the need for Cognitive radio. In this paper, Energy detector is implemented though MATLAB software for single and multiusers. Region of Convergence (ROC) curve is plotted for both normal ED and Cooperative spectrum sensing ED. Results show while increasing number of samples from 1k to 100k, probability of detection is also achieved 0.9 maximum. Increasing SNR from -20dB, -15dB to -10 dB, probability of detection is improved in ROC curve. Also cooperative spectrum sensing with OR rule gives good probability of detection 0.9 to 1.
CUBIC Z-SUBALGEBRAS IN Z-ALGEBRAS
Authors: Sowmiya S. , Jeyalakshmi P.
Published: November 2021

In this article, the notions of Cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is introduced and some of their properties are investigated. The Z-homomorphic image and inverse image of cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is investigated. Also, the cartesian product of cubic Z-Subalgebras in Z-algebras is also discussed.
QUASI M-CLASS Ak* OPERATORS AND ITS SPECTRAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Maheswari Naik P. , Shanmugapriya P. , Benali Abdelkader
Published: November 2021

The M-Class Ak
* Operator is further extended as Quasi M-Class Ak
* Operator. This article aims to prove certain spectral properties of Quasi M-Class Ak
* and certain results were proved using examples. Further, tensor product results were also investigated.
Generative Adversarial Networks for Facial Image Inpainting and Super-Resolution
Authors: Aishwarya G , Raghesh Krishnan K
Published: November 2021

Inpainting helps to fill in the lost data in visual images. Inpainting techniques also refer to unusual image editing in distorted regions. These include areas that are noisy, blurred and watery areas. The most appropriate pixel values must be replaced in these regions to achieve good performance. Artists used to play it, and still now, pieces that are not in the picture can be inpainted in the same manner, though it takes more time. In the present age of automation, inpainting can be automated to obtain quicker and better outcomes by deep learning technologies. In this area, many of the latest techniques have been created, however, many methods produce blurred findings and data loss. Two adversarial networks are used to achieve this task, where first network aims at inpainting and the second network aims at super-resolution. The input generated as a part of first stage network is passed on to the second stage super-resolution network to overcome blurriness that is caused in the initial inpainting network. The network efficiency is determined in terms of increased PSNR obtained which is 28.19 dB with less training period of approximately 14 hours in comparison with other network models which performs similar task.
Dual scaled approach SPR-based PCF RI sensor with ultra-low loss
Authors: Nuzhat Samiha , Sultana Sanjida , Hassan Faiyaz Bin , Biswas Shovasis Kumar , Gupta Mohona Das , Talukder Hriteshwar
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate an ultra-low loss photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR)in this paper. In this refractive index (RI) sensor, we explored hexagonal-arrangement of airholes and employed only two different sizes of it. The formation of airholes makes the confinement loss (CL) surprisingly low. The maximum CL is as low as 10.71 and 28.58 dB/cm for x and y-pol modes, respectively within a range of refractive indices 1.33-1.40. The maximum gained amplitude sensitivity is -1212 RIU−1 and -2430 RIU−1, and the maximum figure of merit is as high as 583 and 467 respectively for x and y-polarization (pol) modes respectively. In addition to that, we got a maximum wavelength sensitivity, Sw of 14,000nm/RIU for both x and y-pol modes with a minimum sensor resolution of 7.143x10−6. Gold is preferred over other materials as the plasmonic material for its inert behaviour and higher chemical stability. The analysis was carried out using the finite element method (FEM). This sensor, with its elegant configuration, fabrication feasibility, ultra-low loss, stands out to be an effective and eminent prospect in the current burgeoning SPR sensor realm and also prompts further creative exploration in its hexagonal lattice arrangements.
Robust DWT-SVD Domain Image Watermarking based on Iterative Blending
Authors: Varun Kodathala Sai , Mandava Ajay Kumar , Chowdary Rakesh
Published: November 2021

Copyright protection for digital multimedia has become a research hotspot in recent years. As an efficient solution, the digital watermarking scheme has emerged at the right moment. In this article, a highly robust and hybrid watermarking method is proposed. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) as well as iterative blending are adopted in this method to insert and recover the watermark. To enhance the watermark imperceptibility, the second low-level (LL2) coefficients after SVD are modified by using the watermark. Compared with the conventional DWT-SVD-based watermarking method and other watermarking techniques, the watermarked images obtained by the proposed method have higher image quality. In addition, the proposed method achieves high robustness in resisting various image processing attacks.
Effects of dielectric substrate material microstrip antenna for limited band applications
Authors: Saxena Ravi Shankar , Kavitha S , Singh Ashish , Mishra Anurag
Published: November 2021

In this paper, an analysis of dual frequency resonance antenna is achieved by OM-shape microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna is analyzed using IE3D simulation software. The analysis of proposed structure is done by varying the dielectric constants and height of the substrate as well as gain and radiation pattern of the antenna is obtained. It observed that on varying the dielectric substrate the effect on proposed antenna is very effective.
Virtual Machine Allocation Policy for Load Balancing
Authors: Shabina Ghafir M. , Alam Afshar , Siddiqui Farheen , Naaz Sameena
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the VM allocation policies for load balancing in cloud computing environment. Intermittent nature of balancing the load scheme into the cloud computing becomes a challenging job and it also affects the load balancing of the cloud. The suggested proposed model generates and step-up the VM allocation policies but also transforms the generated cloud workload. Furthermore, to improve the workload distribution of workload and stability of the overall cloud computing environment the load balancing algorithm is most important for load balancing. The work of load balancing is equally effective in the cloud computing environment and it is most essential one for load balancing algorithms to take care of all issues at the time of the work load. The researchers studied different algorithms to solve the problems of load balancing that generate problems during the distribution of workloads. The analysis VM allocation policies are tested on CloudSim environment and the results, and discussion is about to which one VM allocation policy is superior.
RETRACTED: Umpire Gesture Detection and Recognition using HOG and Non-Linear Support Vector Machine (NL-SVM) Classification of Deep Features in Cricket Videos
Authors: Nandyal Suvarna , Kattimani Suvarna Laxmikant
Published: November 2021

Gesture Recognition pertains to recognizing meaningful expressions of motion by a human, involving the hands, arms, face, head, and/or body. It is of utmost importance in designing an intelligent and efficient human–computer interface. The applications of gesture recognition are manifold, ranging from sign language through medical rehabilitation, monitoring patients or elder people, surveillance systems, sports gesture analysis, human behaviour analysis etc., to virtual reality. In recent years, there has been increased interest in video summarization and automatic sports highlights generation in the game of Cricket. In Cricket, the Umpire has the authority to make important decisions about events on the field. The Umpire signals important events using unique hand on signals and gestures. The primary intention of our work is to design and develop a new robust method for Umpire Action and Non-Action Gesture Identification and Recognition based on the Umpire Segmentation and the proposed Histogram Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature Extraction oriented Non-Linear Support Vector Machine (NL-SVM) classification of Deep Features. Primarily the 80% of Umpire action and non-action images in a cricket match, about 1, 93, 000 frames, the Histogram of Oriented Gradient Deep Features are calculated and trained the system having six gestures of Umpire pose. The proposed HOG Feature Extraction oriented Non-Linear Support Vector Machine classification method achieves the maximal accuracy of 97.95%, the maximal sensitivity of 98.87%, the maximal specificity of 98.89% and maximal Precision of 97.02% which indicates its superiority.
Traceable and Intelligent Supply Chain based on Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Karadgi Sachin , Kulkarni Vadiraj , Doddamani Shridhar
Published: November 2021

Smart manufacturing focuses on maximizing the capabilities to increase multiple objectives, like cost, delivery, and quality, in manufacturing enterprises. This requires implementing product development lifecycle, production system lifecycle, and business cycle for supply chain management. In short, a considerable amount of data is generated in a given manufacturing enterprise. Likewise, progress has been made to adopt blockchain in financial industries, but the adoption is slow in non-financial sectors. The article elaborates a methodology for the realization of a traceable and intelligent supply chain. First, the methodology elaborates on the realization of traceability of enterprise entities, which are an integral part of the supply chain. In this case, each participating stakeholder of the supply chain is required internally to realize a smart manufacturing system with an extension to write critical control data to the blockchain (i.e., a subset of process data). Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being adopted in most industries. A supply chain stakeholder has access to its data and can employ AI to derive new insights. The data available with the stakeholder provides a narrow context. With blockchain, all the stakeholders have access to the data from other stakeholders. Subsequently, the insights derived by a stakeholder will be more meaningful. This will assist in realizing an intelligent supply chain.
Influence of Granite Cutting Waste on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Gopu Ganesh Naidu , Sri Durga Vara Prasad M , Kaumanu Sugandham , Ravi Kumar P
Published: November 2021

Solid waste disposition has been a growing problem in many developed and under-developing nations. Major part of development was constituted by construction and infrastructure; on the contrary these industries also lead to release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. To overcome these disadvantages; in this research, recycled aggregates from construction waste and granite cutting waste were adopted as a replacement of coarse aggregate and cement respectively. Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate (RA) concrete are tested by replacing coarse aggregate varying from 0% to 100% with a difference of 25% and cement is replaced with Granite cutting waste (GCW) varying from 0% to 20% with a difference of 5%. Mix designation and fresh properties were also presented. Results were plotted and compared with the normal concrete to predict the most optimal values of the replacement. Mix containing 25% of RA and 15% of GCW replaced has shown a notable difference in strength comparing with the normal aggregate concrete.
Numerical Analysis of Picking Mechanism of Power Loom with use of Lagranges’s Method
Authors: Badkar Prahalad S , Benal M.M
Published: November 2021

The vibration analysis of Picking mechanism of Power loom carried numerically employing Lagranges’s Equation with treating forced vibration with multi-degree of freedom. From Lagranges’s Equation provides equation motion. The equation of motion is used to determine the natural frequency of system.
Development of Ultra Strength Concrete
Authors: Gopu Ganesh Naidu , Vara Prasad M Sri Durga , Mylavarpu Swaroop Babu , Ankarao S
Published: November 2021

Most superior cements delivered today contain materials notwithstanding Portland cement to help accomplish the compressive strength or solidness execution. These materials include fly ash, silica fume and ground-granulated blast furnace slag used discretely or in coalescence. Concurrently, chemical admixtures such as high-range di-hydrogen monoxide-reducers are needed to ascertain that the concrete is facile to convey, place and culminate. For high-strength cements, a blend of mineral and compound admixtures is almost consistently fundamental to guarantee accomplishment of the necessary strength. The Primer investigations have been done on concrete, Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The Blend Extent for M200 grade concrete is determined 1: 0.313: 1.463 by following the plan methodology given by ACI Strategy. By keeping up the w/c proportion as 0.25, the multi day Compressive strength, Flexural strength and Split elasticity of cement at 3% of silica fume and 1.5% of conplast have been accomplished as 163.33 N/mm2, 8.4 N/mm2& 9.5 N/mm2 separately. The variety of solidarity of cement with the variety of silica fume is appeared in bar outline. The strength of the concrete might be as yet expanded by decreasing the w/c proportion and expanding the level of silica fume
Properties and Environmental Features of Bricks Made From Textile Waste Sludge
Authors: Premkumar R , Khaja mohideen J , Mathan kumar M , Sundara moorthi T , Celestin X.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, there has been a lot of attention paid to the use of textile sludge waste-based products in the building industry to develop ecologically friendly construction materials. An experimental examination of the characteristics of bricks incorporating textile sludge waste and fly ash is presented in this work. In fly ash bricks, fly ash is used to replace textile sludge waste in the following proportions: For the blend percentage of cement, fly ash, and quarry dust, a 230mm × 100mm × 75mm sample size was used. For varying amounts of the components indicated previously, the findings indicate how compressive strength and water absorption fluctuate with curing age. Then we can cast bricks with various mixed proportions of cement, sludge waste, fly ash, and quarry dust using the 230mm × 100mm × 75mm specimen size. After that, the weight, compressive strength, and water absorption of textile sludge with different concentrations of fly ash bricks were compared. This inquiry is primarily concentrated on maximizing the compressive strength of newly produced bricks while limiting weight density and water absorption through extensive laboratory work. The recognition of elements influencing the diverse qualities of bricks is a clear purpose of pursuing this issue as project work.
Development of an AFO with Dual-material using an FDM Printer
Authors: Otegen D , Shomenov K , Zhangabay K , Adair Desmond , Hazrat Ali Md.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a design and development of an Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) printed with a multi-extrusion Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer. AFO is crucial in the healing of patients with ankle joint displacement. It helps to heal the foot easily. The model is designed to print with dual materials such as flex and polylactic acid (PLA). The critical problem in building a prototype is to obtain excellent bonding properties between the layers of different materials. The Flex material is softer than the PLA and both have different melting temperatures. Thus, successfully printing with an excellent adhesive is the key concern in multimaterial applications. The paper also presents the simulation results of an AFO to justify the mechanical properties and required materials for sustainable development.
Design of 3D volumetric display
Authors: Madhu Aravind P , Balu C Akhil , Krishnan Akshay , Aravind Adithya , Noble Jibin , Sankar Vishnu
Published: November 2021

Stereoscopic, or multi-view, display systems that can give significant visual clues for the human brain to understand three-dimensional (3D) objects, they are regarded as better alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) displays. A device that can render 3D images for viewers without the use of specific headgear or glasses is known as an auto-stereoscopic display. Manipulation of light rays via Light engines is also used to create 3D images in 3D space. We introduce a new auto-stereoscopic swept-volume display (SVD) system based on light-emitting diode (LED) arrays in this research. A display device plus a graphics control sub-system makes up this system. The display device is a 2D revolving panel of LEDs that generates 3D images using “persistence of vision”.
Improving the efficiency of solar drying unit with PCM (Paraffin wax)
Authors: Manirathnam A S , Kumar K Senthil , Sudhakar S , Balaji S Vasanth , Kumar S Sasi , Vibishan R
Published: November 2021

The renewable energy source like solar is been used in this projects to produce more efficiency in a solar dryer. It is one the most reliable energy source and that does not pollute the environment and green house free emission. In this project work we use sunlight to dry the crops and to preserve the dry fruits we are using sunlight. The motivation of the work is to use a solar dryer with phase change material. With the help of PCM we can able to increase the efficiency of solar dryer because of increasing the contact area of the crops with PCM during off sunlight. In this project work we use indirect solar radiation principle because PCM will absorb the solar radiation and that will be emitted during the night time. A absorber plate is used to absorb the solar radiation. Once after receiving the radiation from the sun that is been transferred to the chamber where the crops are been provided. In that chamber we will be having the PCM box that will be in solid state and once after receiving the solar radiation phase change will be taking place from solid to liquid phase. Once the sun starts to set off the solar radiation will not be available so during that time PCM is used to transfer the heat. The moisture present in the crop is been removed with the help of the heated air. With the help of the above information the crop drying process is been evaluated with the help of calculation.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of lumbar spine under mechanical load
Authors: Poojara V , Trivedi R , Modi B , Patel R
Published: November 2021

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of lumbar spine is carried out using the optimisation software, to determine the effect of accidents on the human spine under mechanical loading. The lower two lumbar section – L4 and L5 of spinal cord is focussed in the present study. A simplified model of the L4-L5 vertebra was prepared. Bone material was taken as nonlinear and disc centre was modelled as hyper elastic. The ligaments are modelled as 1D truss elements. 2 D triangular mesh was generated and converted to 3D tetrahedral mesh. The range of force of 500 N to 1600N and moment of 7500 Nm was given as an input. The relationship of displacement, stress and strain with force is studied. The analysis was carried out and the results obtained depicted that the force varies depending on the impact of accidents. Conclusions are drawn and the relationship at different values of force was obtained.
Design, Optimization and Validation of Conformal Cooling Technique for Additively Manufactured Mold Insert
Authors: Ganesh G.Dongre , Sarang S.Chaitanya , Sai M.Jonnalagadda
Published: November 2021

Injection molding is a cyclic process comprising of cooling phase as the largest part of this cycle. Providing efficient cooling in lesser cycle times is of significant importance in the molding industry. Conformal cooling is a proven technique for reduction in cycle times for injection molding. In this study, we have replaced a conventional cooling circuit with an optimized conformal cooling circuit in an injection molding tool (mold). The required heat transfer rate, coolant flow rate and diameter of channel was analytically calculated. Hybrid Laser powder bed fusion technique was used to manufacture this mold tool with conformal channels. The material used for manufacturing mold was maraging steel (M300). Thermal efficiency of the conformal channels was experimentally calculated using thermal imaging. Autodesk MoldFlow software was used to simulate and predict the cooling time required using conformal cooling channels. The results showed a decrease in cooling time and increase in cooling efficiency with the help of conformal cooling in additively manufactured mold insert.
Study of expansive soil stabilized with agricultural waste
Authors: Biswas Tinku , Garg Rishav , Ranjan Himanshu , Kumar Ashwini , Pandey Gaurav , Yadav Kuldeep
Published: November 2021

During any construction on soil surface such as construction of road and airport pavements, compaction of the soil is required and soil stabilization plays a vital role. Various characteristics of soil should be optimized with different factors. Expansive soil has property of swelling when moisture content increases and shrinking when water gets evaporated. Rice husk is a major agricultural waste that is easily available in in India and is generally burnt to get rice husk ash (RHA). This study has been aimed to get dual benefit, first to stabilize expansive soil by addition of RHA and second to effectively utilize RHA, the agricultural waste. It has been observed that at 12% RHA in presence of 5% cement can be effectively used to improve plasticity of soil and CBR value resulting in effective soil stabilization. Thus, the research demonstrates that agricultural waste has efficient use in soil stabilization.
Analyzing behaviour of a rail wheel assembly with alumino thermite weldment with modal analysis simulations in ANSYS
Authors: Sen Prakash Kumar , Bhiwapurkar Mahesh , Harsha S P
Published: November 2021

The Free vibration response of the Railway track is an important area in the design of the Rail and its joints to improve the ride comfort of the passengers. In this study, the rail weld considered is alumino thermite weldment used in majority of Indian Railways network. This paper aims at the study of the vibration response of rail wheel assembly having an AT weld on as a rail joint subjected to free vibration and to find the Natural frequencies of vibration and mode shapes. The geometric model of rail and weldment with wheel and axle components is modelled using Space-claim which is a part of ANSYS package and analysed using numerical simulation package ANSYS 2020 Workbench. In this work, free vibration analysis or modal analysis of the rail weld is carried out to extract the first few modes of vibration. The Natural frequencies obtained along with the corresponding mode shapes of the rail weldment show that they are within the permissible range specified by the standards of railway department also for better ride comfort of the passenger.
On the Detection of Single-Mode Squeezed States in Kerr Nonlinear Coupler
Authors: Hanapi Mohd Syafiq M. , Ibrahim Abdel-Baset M.A. , Julius Rafael
Published: November 2021

The generation of squeezed states of light in two guided waves Kerr nonlinear coupler (KNLC) was examined using both the analytical perturbative (AP) and the short-time approximation (STA) method. A comparative analysis between these two methods is provided. We have found that, at certain combinations of input parameters, the STA method may not be able to detect the generation of squeezed states of light in the current KNLC system. Consequently, some essential physics could be lost. On the other hand, for the AP method, all time-dependent terms are included in the mode solutions which improves its sensitivity to detect the generation of squeezed states.
Internet Connectivity: Is Free Space Optics the Solution?
Authors: Rais SS , Husni H
Published: November 2021

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, poor internet availability hampered online activity, particularly in the sector of education in Malaysia. The most effective way to address this situation is through the construction of telecommunications towers. However, it takes time due to the significant costs involved. Outdoor use of FSO appears to be more advantageous due to the absence of licensing requirements and the high bandwidth it offers. However, there are limitations. We will explore these FSO restrictions in this paper.
Q-switched Ytterbium-doped fibre laser using an 8 cm long Hafnium bismuth erbium co-doped fibre saturable absorber
Authors: Rahman M F A , Reddy P H , Ahmad A , Latiff A A , Baharom M F , Harun S W
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present a Q-switched fibre laser at 1069 nm which is induced by an 8 cm long Hafnium bismuth erbium co-doped fibre (HBEDF) saturable absorber (SA). The pulsating laser has a maximum repetition rate of 67 kHz at 175 mW pump power. We obtained the narrowest pulse width of 3.48 μs, the maximum pulse energy of 70.2 nJ, the maximum output power of 4.7 mW and the maximum peak power of 20.1 mW. The Q-switched laser is simple and may found practical applications in medicine and remote sensing.
Optical Microfiber Sensor : A Review
Authors: Jali Mohd Hafiz , Abdul Rahim Hazli Rafis , Md Johari Md Ashadi , Baharom Mohamad Faizal , Ahmad Aminah , Mohd Yusof Haziezol Helmi , Harun Sulaiman Wadi
Published: November 2021

Due to numerous benefits such as geometrical simplicity, compact size, high sensitivity, broad detection range, low noise, and high accuracy, optical devices have attracted a lot of interest for sensing applications. It is critical in a variety of sectors, including cultural relic preservation, warehouse products maintenance, manufacturing process control, semiconductor, agriculture, food production storage, environmental control, health industries, chemical and home improvement. It outperforms its electronic equivalent owing to its capacity to function in tough and demanding situations such as combustible surroundings, greater pressure and temperature levels, and the ability to send signals over long distances without electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber sensors are classified based on their operating principles such as interferometers, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), resonators and whispering galleries modes (WGM). This paper presents a comprehensive review related to the optical microfiber sensor such as its properties, fabrication techniques, evanescent wave, optical micro resonators and recent study on the application of microfiber towards humidity sensing. This review could be beneficial to help other researchers to gain greater view in the field of optical microfiber sensor.
Simulation Analysis of One Degree of Freedom Motion of Electromagnetic Spherical Joint based on Maxwell
Authors: Wang Haoran , Liu Fucong , Lou Sai
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the stiffness of the spherical joint of the robot, reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and the complexity of the control system, this paper proposed a method of spherical joint and digital drive of the robot based on the electromagnetic principle. Firstly, introduces the structure and motion principle of the spherical joint of the robot, establishes the mathematical model of the spherical joint and establishes the dynamic model according to the second Lagrange equation. after that, the relationship between the number of ampire-turns of the electromagnet on the spherical joint, the attitude Angle of the rotor and the force of the rotor was obtained by simulating the single degree of freedom of the joint based on Ansys maxwell and Matlab, which provided a basis for the realization of the digital drive of the spherical joint.
Upper Stage Visual Inertial Integrated Navigation Method Based on Factor Graph
Authors: Wu Peng , Mu Rongjun , Liu Bingli
Published: November 2021

In the working process of the upper stage integrated navigation information fusion system, the multi-source navigation information fusion algorithm based on factor graph Bayesian estimation is used to fuse the information of inertial sensors, visual sensors and other sensors. The overall joint probability distribution of the system is described in the form of probability graph model with the dependence of local variables, so as to reduce the complexity of the system, adjust the data structure of information fusion to improve the efficiency of information fusion and smoothly switch the sensor configuration.
Aging precipitation behavior of σ phase in 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Che Pengcheng , Wang Fengjun , Li Xindong , Xie Min , Liu Yuze , Cheng Yi
Published: November 2021

σ phase is one of the main precipitates affecting the toughness of austenitic stainless steel, V-notch impact test, SEM, EDS and TEM analysis were conducted on the newly developed 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu stainless steel after 650°C aging. Precipitation mechanism of σ phase and its effect on the toughness of the material were analyzed. The test results show that toughness of the material decreases to 25.6J after 300h aging, σ phase started to precipitate along the grain boundary after 500h aging, and in the crystal after 1000h aging. The precipitation spacing is about 100 nm, forming a gradually increasing size from crystal to grain boundary. As the precipitation time 500h of σ phase was later than the critical aging time of ductile brittle transition, it can be inferred from the test result that σ phase is not the main precipitation phase affecting the toughness of 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu.
ZIF-67-aerogel-derived N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated with Co nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Heng-Guo
Published: November 2021

Electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are essential for metal-air batteries. Herein, we design a self-catalyzed growth strategy for in-situ encapsulation of Co nanoparticles with N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) on carbon aerogel (CA) (Co/NCNT/CA-1000). Using the zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) as the cobalt source can catalyze the graphitization of melamine and facilitate the growth of NCNTs on the CA. Thanks to its unique structure, the Co/NCNT/CA-1000 exhibits favourable ORR properties (E1/2 = 0.80 V). This work offers an effective method for preparing high-active Co-based electrocatalysts and provides a foundation for the future development of electrochemical energy applications.
Analysis on the Properties of NC30Fe alloy for U-bend tubes of Steam generator
Authors: Li Chan , Huang Jiaqi , Yang Chenggang , Han Dongao , Pu Chenghao
Published: November 2021

The Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy (NC30Fe), which is an austenitic nickel-based alloy as the ideal material for U-bend tubes of steam generator in PWR nuclear power plant because of its good strength and corrosion-resistant and used widely in domestic and abroad. The manufacturing requirements of NC30Fe alloy of steam generator U-bend tubes for Hua-long Pressurized Reactor (HPR1000) and Advanced Passive PWR (AP1000) were compared and the heat treatment process, chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallographic structure were analyzed and studied.
Swanson Hamiltonian: non-PT-symmetry phase
Authors: Fernández Viviano , Ramírez Romina , Reboiro Marta
Published: November 2021

In this work, we study the non-Hermitian Swanson Hamiltonian, particularly the non-parity-time symmetry phase. We use the formalism of Gel’fand triplet to construct the generalized eigenfunctions and the corresponding spectrum. Depending on the region of the parameter model space, we show that the Swanson Hamiltonian represents different physical systems, i.e. parabolic barrier, negative mass oscillators. We also discussed the presence of Exceptional Points of infinite order.
Fully roll-to-roll gravure printed 4-bit code generator based on p-type SWCNT thin-film transistors
Authors: Park Jinhwa , Shrestha Sagar , Parajuli Sajjan , Jung Younsu , Cho Gyoujin
Published: November 2021

Current Si-based technologies have reached their intrinsic limits in meeting the demands of flexible electronics where free-form factors and low cost are critical for successful applications. For this reason, roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing has been considered a way to achieve the free-form factor and the low cost. However, the R2R gravure systems (servomechanism, electronic ink, printing process, and device design) could not integrate a number of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with small threshold voltage (V
th) variations. Therefore, we designed a 4-bit code generator by combining one ring oscillator, six NAND gates, and one OR gate based on 37 p-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) TFTs as a concept devices to test the R2R gravure system. First, ring oscillators with different physical dimensions were printed on a poly (ethylene terephthalate) roll using the R2R gravure. Then, we extracted important factors (channel length, channel width, and SWCNT network density) to optimize the V
th variation and demonstrated a 4-bit code generator integrated with 37 p-type TFTs. This work will be further extended in the near future to develop R2R gravure printed near-field communication labels for smart packaging.
On the dimension of Kakeya sets in the first Heisenberg group
Authors: Liu Jiayin
Published: November 2021

We define Kakeya sets in the Heisenberg group and show that the Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension of Kakeya sets in the first Heisenberg group is at least 3. This lower bound is sharp since, under our definition, the

{
x
o
y
}

\{xoy\}

-plane is a Kakeya set with Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension 3.
A chemorepellent inhibits local Ras activation to inhibit pseudopod formation to bias cell movement away from the chemorepellent
Authors: Kirolos Sara A. , Gomer Richard H.
Published: November 2021

A chemorepellent inhibits Ras at the side of a cell closest to the chemorepellent using a G protein–coupled receptor, G proteins, protein kinase B, a p21-activated kinase, and an extracellular signal–regulated kinase. This inhibits pseudopod formation at one side of the cell to bias cell movement away from the chemorepellent.
Anion gap physiology and faults of the correction formula
Authors: Posen Andrew K , Paloucek Frank P , Petzel Renee
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The anion gap is a calculated fundamental laboratory parameter used to identify and monitor acid-base disturbances. A recently popularized correction formula transforms the resulting integer to compensate for hypoalbuminemia and improve diagnostic yield. Clinical pharmacists should be aware of the underlying biochemistry, interpretation, and limitations of this formula to discern drug- and disease-related etiologies.

The anion gap is utilized in most care settings, ranging from outpatient monitoring to inpatient intensive care units. Supported by decades of experience, the original anion gap derives its value from its simplicity. Applying the anion gap in metabolic acidosis can help narrow differential diagnosis and detect concomitant acid-base disorders. To account for hypoalbuminemia and potential missed diagnoses, a correction formula was developed to improve sensitivity. Yet, the law of electroneutrality ensures that hypoalbuminemia is already accounted for in the original anion gap, and the proposed correction formula was derived from samples unrepresentative of human physiology. Evidence from clinical trials shows no benefit from applying the correction formula.

Conclusion

There is no advantage to correcting the anion gap, and such correction may increase the risk of misinterpretation or error. Clinicians should understand these limitations when diagnosing or trending acid-base disturbances.
Cost-effectiveness of exercise referral schemes: a systematic review of health economic studies
Authors: Werbrouck Amber , Schmidt Masja , Putman Koen , Seghers Jan , Simoens Steven , Verhaeghe Nick , Annemans Lieven
Published: November 2021

Background

This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature on cost-effectiveness of exercise referral schemes (ERSs).

Methods

A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EconLit, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Main inclusion criteria were: (1) insufficiently active people; (2) ERSs and (3) full health economic evaluations. No publication year limits were applied. The methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Consensus Health Economic Criteria (CHEC) checklist.

Results

Fifteen eligible publications were retrieved, presenting results of 12 different studies. Compared with usual care, ERSs were found to be cost-effective in a majority of the analyses, but with modest health gains and costs per individual. These cost-effectiveness results were also sensitive to small changes in input parameters. Two studies found that ERSs combined with a pedometer/accelerometer are cost-effective, compared with usual ERS practice. Two other studies found that an ERS with phone support and an ERS with face-to-face support might be equally effective, with similar costs.

Conclusion

Although the literature demonstrated that ERSs could be cost-effective compared with usual care, these results were not robust. Based on a small number of studies, ERSs could be optimized by using tracking devices, or by providing a choice to the participants about the delivery mode. There is need for clarity on the effectiveness of and attendance to ERS, as more certainty about these key input parameters will strengthen health-economic evidence, and thus will allow to provide a clearer message to health policy-makers.
Mental health and physical activity in vocational education and training schools students: a population-based survey
Authors: Jensen Christine Tøfting , Heinze Clara , Andersen Per Kragh , Bauman Adrian , Klinker Charlotte Demant
Published: November 2021

Background

The prevalence of young people not adhering to the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines is high, especially among students in vocational education and training, compared to fellow peers. Also, low levels of mental health have been found in this group, however, to a lesser degree than peers in general education. As positive mental health aspects have more generally been found to be associated with increased likelihood of physical activity in young people, this study examined the association between mental health and physical activity among Danish students in vocational education and training.

Methods

Students in vocational education and training (N = 5277, mean age 24.3 years, range 15.8–64.0 years) responded to a national representative survey assessing four aspects of mental health (well-being, self-efficacy, self-esteem and life satisfaction) and physical activity. Physical activity was dichotomized as adherence to the WHO minimum guidelines or not. Logistic regression was used to examine if each mental health aspect was associated with physical activity in crude and adjusted models.

Results

A positive dose–response association was found between all aspects of mental health and adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines. However, the association between self-esteem and physical activity was modified by gender, with a dose–response relationship found only among males.

Conclusions

Higher levels of positive mental health were associated with better odds of achieving WHO physical activity guidelines in a dose–response-manner. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the causal relationship between mental health and physical activity. Future interventions must pay attention to differential gender effects.