bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness of Malaysia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bhatt P. R.
Published: August 2020

The objective of this paper was to study the competitiveness of Malaysia in comparison with some countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The study analysed the competitiveness of Malaysia in terms of four parameters viz. Global competitive index ranking; Total, labour and capital productivity; Foreign direct investment inflows, and Trade competitiveness in terms of the cost of production. It is found that the domestic cost of production of exports of Malaysia has become competitive in 2007 and 2009. The study shows that Malaysia’s competitiveness has improved especially in the later part of 2000. There is a need to improve the competitiveness of Malaysia by focusing on research and innovation which can be achieved through collaboration of research institutions and industry.   Keywords: Malaysia, competitiveness, productivity, mergers and acquisition, price index. JEL classifi cations: F10, F13
Persekitaran Stesen Kerja dan Niat Untuk Berhenti
Authors: Mohd Makhbul Zafir , Mohamad Hasun Fazilah
Published: August 2020

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan memberikan bukti empirikal tentang perhubungan antara faktor persekitaran stesen kerja dengan niat untuk berhenti. Sampel seramai 500 operator pengeluaran telah dipilih daripada sebelas organisasi perkilangan elektronik yang berdaftar dengan Malaysian International Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MICCI) dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak berstrata berkadaran. Kaedah soal selidik digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data kajian ini. Analisis regresi linear berbilang menunjukkan 59.1 peratus perubahan dalam niat untuk berhenti disebabkan oleh hubungannya dengan persekitaran stesen kerja. Analisis regresi linear berbilang secara terperinci menunjukkan hanya faktor reka bentuk ruang kerja dan tempoh masa bekerja sahaja yang signifi kan dengan niat untuk berhenti (p<0.01). Faktor pengudaraan, sistem bunyi dan pencahayaan tidak signifi kan dengan niat untuk berhenti. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa faktor reka bentuk ruang kerja dan tempoh masa bekerja memainkan peranan penting dalam meminimumkan niat untuk berhenti daripada organisasi. Persekitaran stesen kerja yang selesa boleh meningkatkan tahap daya saing pekerja dan menjamin modal insan yang cekap dan berkesan.   Kata kunci: Stesen kerja, ergonomik, stres, niat untuk berhenti, perkilangan.
The Future of Monetary Reform and the Real Economy: A Problem of Trade Versus Interest
Authors: Choudhury Masudul Alam , Harahap Sofyan Syafri
Published: August 2020

The prologue is our starting premise.   The Qur’an (2: 275) declares, “As for those who devour interest, they behave as the one whom Satan has confounded with his touch. Seized in this state they say: ‘Trade is but a kind of interest’, even though Allah has made trade lawful, and interest unlawful”.   Keynes (1930, p. 368) picked up such wisdom of the inverse relationship between trade and interest and wrote, “The strenuous purposeful moneymakers may carry all of us along with them into the lap of economic abundance. But it will be those peoples, who can keep alive, and cultivate into a fuller perfection, the art of life itself and do not sell themselves for the means of life, who will be able to enjoy the abundance when it comes.”   Such are the messages of moral highness and wisdom picked up in this paper. The fundamental point here is to establish the fact that the only way of phasing out interest rate from Islamic activities is to understand and implement the formalism of the inverse relationship that permanently exists between trade in the good things of life and the rate of interest as the impediment to the free flow of resources into such tradable activities.   The central bank and commercial banks and fi nancial intermediaries as practitioners must understand this organic relational concept of intellection in relation to money and the real economy. The monetary system and the real economy with the financial instruments between would thus be shown to formalize the intellection paradigm – which indeed is a truly scientific revolution. The result is replacement of the fractional reserve requirement monetary system by the 100 per cent reserve requirement monetary system backed by the gold standard. Likewise, the organic relationships of such a monetary arrangement including its monetary policy and transmission mechanism would structurally change the nature of markets and its institutional relations and individual preferences. The result at the end will be a phased down interest rate regime into a trade-related one by the rise of the tradable relationships that are generated. The foundational methodology that enters this kind of organically relational worldview with the episteme of unity of knowledge (the divine law in Islam) provides the functional ontology of the socially and morally constructed money, production and real economy circular causation. It models the legitimacy of trade as the resource mobilization instrument, while rejecting interest as the permanent impediment of resource mobilization.   Keywords: Monetary economics, Islamic economics and finance, Islamic political economy and world-system, social economics, ethics and economics.
The Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Stock Market Returns in Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Tan Karen , Yahya Mohamed Hisham , Bany Ariffin Amin Nordin
Published: August 2020

This research examines the eff ects of interest rates volatility on stock market returns in Malaysia and Singapore. The data used are market returns on the FBM Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (FBM KLCI) and 3-months deposit yields in Malaysia over the period of September 1999 to December 2010. For the Singaporean market, the monthly data of market returns on the Straits Times Index (STI) and 3-months deposit yields in Singapore during the same period are used. Two separate GARCH (1,1) models are applied for Malaysia and Singapore. Results suggest that interest rate volatility in each country has a strong positive relationship with its respective stock market volatility. The results also show that the volatility of interest rates has a negative relationship with the stock market return but the relationship is insignificant.   Keywords: Interest rates, stock market, GARCH, Malaysia, Singapore, FBM KLCI, STI.
Malaysia Household Wealth Distribution: Current Evidence and Future Prospects
Authors: Abdul Khalid Muhammed
Published: August 2020

The paper studies the distribution and inequality of wealth among the household per capita in Malaysia, using the 2007 Malaysia’s Household Income Survey (HIS) data. Consistent with findings from other countries, the distribution of wealth is more skewed than that of income. The distribution of wealth shows that the top 10% of Malaysian households per capita control 35% of the country’s wealth, while the bott om 40% own 8%. The decomposition of wealth shows that the Gini coefficient for savings is 0.98, while the figure for investment assets and real estate assets are 0.90 and 0.52 respectively. It is expected that wealth inequality will widen in the future due to several factors such as liberalization of the higher education policy and pro-rich tax treatment.   Keywords: Inequality, Malaysia, wealth.
Effects of Susceptibilty to Interpersonal Influence on Clothing Benefits Sought
Authors: Abdul Shukor Syadiyah
Published: August 2020

Susceptibility to interpersonal infl uence is the tendency of an individual to be influenced by other people in their decision-making. Prior research suggests that susceptibility to interpersonal influence aff ects various numbers of consumer behaviours. This paper aims to investigate the effects of susceptibility to interpersonal influence on clothing benefits sought, which are: uniqueness, conformity, self-congruity, social status and modesty. Data for the present study was collected through web-based and drop off questionnaires. 222 completed questionnaires were received and analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results of this study show that susceptibility to interpersonal influence is positively related to uniqueness, conformity, self-congruity and social status. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed towards the end of this paper.   Keywords: Susceptibility to interpersonal influence, clothing, clothing benefits sought.
Knowledge Stickiness, Knowledge Management and their Impact on Firm Level Competitive Advantage
Authors: Lipinski John
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the areas of Knowledge Stickiness and Knowledge Management. In doing so, it develops a set of propositions for considering the Stickiness of Knowledge as a construct to be used to understand the impact of knowledge management strategies and fi rm-level performance within a given industry. The result of this work builds on previous work in knowledge management and business strategy thus providing a research stream that looks at the relationship between a fi rm’s knowledge management strategy and how the fi rm views its boundaries with other fi rms in the industry.   Keywords: Knowledge management, sticky knowledge, competitive advantage, tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge.
Patterns and Factors Affecting Wives’ Influence in Family Purchase Decision-Making in Urban Malaysia
Authors: Md Sidin Samsinar , Zawawi Dahlia , Hui Carol Teo Boon
Published: August 2020

Family purchase decision-making is the process by which decisions regarding purchases for the families are made. The roles played by family members differ with regard to the products being purchased, the stage in the decision-making process, and the characteristics of families and spouses. This study aims to investigate the family purchase decision-making process in urban Malaysia and the factors aff ecting this process. Taking into consideration past research, four hypotheses were developed. These hypothese were based on products / services, stage of the decision-making process, and selected demographic variables (income, occupation, education). A survey using a structured questionnaire was used to collect data (N=1,000) in four different regions in Malaysia (Klang Valley, Penang, Kuantan, Johor Bahru). The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the products/services purchased for the family was a joint decision. The wives’ infl uence generally decreased in the outcome stage, i.e., when products were actually purchased. The analyses of the effects of the selected demographic variables revealed that generally, there were significant effects of these variables on the majority of the purchases.   Keywords: Decision-making, demographic variables, family purchases, role structure, wives’ influence.
Pengurusan Pembangunan Harta Wakaf: Pengalaman Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang (MAINPP) Terhadap Wakaf Seetee Aishah
Authors: Hashim Hydzulkifli , Ab. Rahman Asmak
Published: August 2020

Terdapat beberapa kaedah yang boleh dipraktikkan untuk memproduktifkan aset wakaf. Hal ini termasuk aktiviti seperti, menyewakan aset wakaf kepada pihak yang berkepentingan dan melakukan aktiviti ekonomi dalam pelbagai bidang seperti bidang pertanian dan penternakan. Sekiranya kesemua kaedah tersebut tidak sesuai dipraktikkan, nazir hendaklah mencari alternatif lain agar tanah tersebut dapat diproduktifk an. Pemegang amanah wakaf juga seharusnya peka terhadap potensi sesebuah tanah wakaf yang berada di bawah jagaannya agar dapat dioptimunkan penggunaannya. Oleh itu, pelaburan hartanah merupakan salah satu alternatif yang boleh dilakukan untuk tujuan membangunkan tanah wakaf. Pelaburan hartanah terhadap harta wakaf dapat dibuat dengan cara pembinaan bangunan secara komersil seperti pasar raya, tempat penginapan (hotel) dan juga taman perumahan. Dengan ini penciptaan aset wakaf baru akan terhasil setelah tanah wakaf tersebut dibangunkan. Penyelidikan ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji kaedah pembangunan secara komersil yang telah dilakukan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang (MAINPP) terhadap salah sebuah tanah wakaf (waqaf Seetee Aishah) yang terletak di Seberang Jaya, Pulau Pinang. Dengan kepakaran pengurusan yang ada dipihak MAINPP serta kerjasama daripada UDA Holdings Berhad, tanah wakaf Seetee Aishah telah berjaya diproduktifkan dengan pembinaan sebuah taman perumahan yang dikenali sebagai taman perumahan wakaf Seetee Aishah.   Kata kunci: Pembangunan harta wakaf, Majlis Agam a Islam Negeri Pulau Pinang (MAINPP), pelaburan harta wakaf.
Perbelanjaan Awam dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Bukti Empirik daripada Kerajaan Negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia
Authors: Mod Asri Norain , Abdul Karim Zulkefly , Endut Wook , Md Tahir Md Zyadi
Published: August 2020

Kertas ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara perbelanjaan awam dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di peringkat kerajaan negeri di Semenanjung Malaysia. Beberapa pemboleh ubah yang lain seperti hasil cukai, imbangan fiskal, dan jumlah populasi penduduk juga diambil kira dalam menganggar model persamaan. Kajian ini mengaplikasi ujian kointegrasi Johansen untuk menganalisis hubungan jangka panjang (kointegrasi) dan model vektor pembetulan ralat (VECM) untuk menentukan arah sebab-menyebab dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dalam kalangan pemboleh ubah kajian. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan; pertama, tidak wujud hubungan jangka panjang antara output negeri dengan belanja awam di negeri Selangor. Kedua, di negeri Pahang dan Melaka wujud hubungan sebab-menyebab dua hala dalam jangka panjang antara output negeri dengan belanja awam. Ketiga, dalam jangka pendek, perubahan output signifikan menjadi penyebab Granger kepada perubahan perbelanjaan awam di Negeri Sembilan, Kedah, Melaka dan Pulau Pinang, yang menyokong hipotesis Wagner. Sebaliknya, di negeri Pahang dan Perak, perubahan perbelanjaan awam signifikan menjadi penyebab Granger kepada perubahan output dalam jangka pendek, yang mengesahkan hipotesis Keynes di negeri tersebut.   Kata kunci: Perbelanjaan awam, pertumbuhan ekonomi, ujian kointegrasi Johansen, VECM, VAR.
Long-Run and Short-Run Relationships Between Education and Economic Growth: The Malaysian Experience
Authors: Yussof Ishak , Abdillah Atif Awad , Osman Zulkifly
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the long and short-run relationships between human capital, measured in terms of average years of schooling for people aged 15 years and older, and economic growth in Malaysia between 1970 and 2009. The data was collected from various sources, including the World Bank database, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and scholarly texts. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) test was utilized to examine the relationships between education and economic growth. The results of the co-integration test revealed that economic growth was absolutely exogenous and the remaining variables were endogenous in Malaysia. This fi nding suggests that the status of these variables depend on the level of economic growth, while the opposite is not true. The most interesting results were that the long-run forcing variables for human capital accumulation were capital stock, employment and economic growth. However, the causality test revealed that economic growth, employment and capital stock, not only aff ects human capital in the short-run, but in the long run as well. The causality tests performed detected two-way relationships between human capital and capital stock, and employment separately in the long run. Although economic growth is exogenous, Malaysia should still continue to invest in its human capital accumulation since it could att ract more investments and subsequently create employment opportunities within the economy.   Keywords: Education levels, education development, income, economic growth.
Prioritizing of Criteria in Teacher-Candidate Selection Process by Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Mat Kasim Maznah , Ramli Razamin , Ibrahim Haslinda , Ghazali Mohd Izam , Mohmad Kamal Fazillah , Vikneswari S.
Published: August 2020

This paper reviews and identifies the criteria used in the teacher-candidate selection process. The identified main criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized according to their importance by a group of experts. The literature was the source of the criteria and twelve experts who have experience in teacher-selection process were asked to justify the criteria obtained from the secondary source. Furthermore, these experts evaluated the relative importance of the identified criteria in a pair-wise manner. Their judgments were analysed by a multi-criteria method, known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process.   Three main criteria were identified which consisted of ‘content of knowledge’, ‘communication skills’ and ‘personality’, while each of these three main criteria had four, six and eight sub-criteria respectively. The degree of importance which is known as weights of these criteria were also calculated where those criteria which receive higher values are considered to be more important. Generally, the results of the analysis show that ‘communication skills’ and ‘personality’ are the most and second-most important criteria respectively, followed by ‘content of knowledge’ in the third position. The analysis of the importance of the sub-criteria of these three main criteria is also included.   These criteria and the weights can be used later in the development of the teacher-selection model. Both secondary data and primary data were used in this research. All the experts or the respondents have experience in the selection process where 40% of them have more than six years’ experience.   Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), importance, multi-criteria, selection, teacher, weights.
Catalytic Social Entrepreneurship to Combat Desperate Poverty: A Systems Approach
Authors: Mascarenhas Oswald A. J. , Kesavan Ram , Bernacchi Michael D.
Published: August 2020

Any credible agenda that seeks to eradicate global poverty must seek to correct the structural injustices and inequities that cause and perpetuate desperate endemic poverty. Such an agenda must aim not merely to aid the poor with grants, welfare and subsidies, but it must primarily seek to enhance the capabilities, skills, access and opportunities of the marginalized to participate on more equitable terms, in the dynamic process of overall economic growth. We apply a systems approach to poverty, the latter itself being a pernicious system. Eradication of global desperate poverty and its unjust structural causes can be done through two concurrent systems-thinking based strategies: (a) micro catalytic social entrepreneurship that leads to catalytic innovations that alleviate poverty, and (b) macro social catalytic political entrepreneurship that radically innovates legislation or designs macro-policy intervention systems that can effectively dismantle existing unjust structures of social injustice and inequities – the causes that perpetuate endemic global poverty. Using the theories of catalytic innovations and the bottom of the pyramid, we focus on solution (a) as being feasible, viable and doable and in the long run having the potential for eradicating global desperate poverty. We also provide two case studies where solution (b) was effectively implemented. The main proposition of the paper is that the use of both micro- and macro- catalyst can help alleviate poverty in the world.   Keywords: Micro catalyst, macro catalyst, global poverty, system approach, catalytic innovation, macro-policy intervention.
Changing Trend of Capital Flows: The Case of India
Authors: Gandhi Shailesh , Bulsara Hemantkumar P. , Dhingra Vaishali S.
Published: August 2020

Many countries witnessed enormous increases in international capital mobility after globalization. This, in turn, has improved economic integration among emerging economies and developed nations. The trend of these cross country flows of capital discloses that non-debt creating private capital flows are dominating the official flows which come in the form of official grants and private debt flows. Moreover, the portfolio equity investment which shows tremendous growth has exposed individual countries to the risk of improved volatility and sudden stops. These trends, driven by globalization, have enabled the pursuit of higher returns and portfolio diversification as well as market-oriented reforms in many countries which have liberalized access to financial markets. As a new participant in the globalization wave, India went through several structural and policy changes only in the early 1990s. India introduced a New Economic Policy guided by the IMF and the World Bank with the intention of economic stabilization. This paper reviews several literature on fundamental aspects and some former empirical evidence about globalization and capital flows to emerging economies with special reference to India. It also highlights the adverse impact of hot money along with debt flow in India.   Keywords: Globalization, emerging economies, economic integration, capital flows.
The Islamic Hedging Management: Paving the Way for Innovation in Currency Options
Authors: Nordin Nadhirah , Ab. Rahman Asmak , Omar Hydzulkifli Hashim
Published: August 2020

Islamic hedging is one of the most important tools for risk management. Currency options contracts are commonly regarded as one of the useful tools of risk management and frequently used to reduce risk associated with the movement in price and currency risk. This article attempts to review the suitability of the Islamic currency options in one of the Islamic banks in Malaysia as a hedging mechanism and highlights Shariah issues pertaining to the structures. Currency options are prohibited in Islamic finance due to the issue of riba and to the violation of the bay al-sarf rule which requires currency trading to be done on “spot” basis only. Options contract is also rejected by some scholars because of premium payment or chargeable fees to the right. In view of the overwhelming importance of currency risk management in the volatile market, the application of Shariah principles in currency market faces a great challenge to Islamic scholars today. Based on the observation of the bank’s official information disclosed to the public and the interview conducted, the finding of this research indicates that the bank permitted currency options based on the principle of tawwaruq (commodity murabahah) or bay al-inah and wa’ad (unilateral promise) which are strictly used for hedging purposes. Tawwaruq and wa’ad principles have given Islamic financial institutions the opportunity to structure Shariah compliant financial products and meet the objective of increasing trading volume and liquidity in order to reduce transaction cost and risk.   Keywords: Islamic hedging, options, currency trading, tawarruq, wa’ad.
Community Demands and Resources and Work-Family Conflict: Case Study in Kuching Sarawak
Authors: Hassan Zaiton , Hasnan Nor Afiza , Sabil Surena
Published: August 2020

Most studies on work-life balance only examine work and family domains. While work is the only role in its domain, life consists of many aspects besides family. However, research on other roles is still very limited. This study examines the influence of community (neighbour, neighbourhood, relatives, friends), and participation in Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), demands, and resources on work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Questionnaires were distributed to 506 employees from six public and private organisations in Kuching, Sarawak. Data were analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS Version 20. The findings showed that WFC was negatively related with demands from neighbours, relatives, and friends; and positively related with demands from participating in NGOs and resources from neighbours. FWC was negatively related with demands from neighbours, relatives, and friends; and positively related with resources from neighbours and relatives. This study provided evidence that community domain influences the WFC and FWC. Thus, organisations should consider the community domain in formulating strategies to minimise WFC and FWC experienced by the employees.   Keywords: Work-family conflict, family-work conflict, community demands, and resources.
Perspektif Persekitaran Rogers dengan Penerimaan Teknologi dan Umur Sebagai Moderator
Authors: Sankaran Surendran , Saad Norazlinda
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh faktor perspektif persekitaran Rogers dengan penerimaan teknologi perisian kursus serta mengkaji peranan umur sebagai moderator. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan. Populasi kajian ini adalah 490 orang guru Matematik yang mengajar Tingkatan 1 di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan harian. Sampel kajian ini telah dipilih dengan menggunakan persampelan kluster dan persampelan rawak. Soal selidik kajian ini diadaptasi dari sumber-sumber lain dan mengandungi 15 item. Soal selidik kajian ini mempunyai tahap kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dengan nilai Alpha 0.96. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, Korelasi Pearson dan Analisis Regresi Berganda. Berdasarkan Jadual Peringkat Penerimaan oleh Moersch (1995), guru Matematik yang mengajar Tingkatan 1 berada pada peringkat penerapan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor perspektif persekitaran mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tahap penerimaan perisian kursus. Analisis regresi berganda hierarki menunjukkan pemboleh ubah umur, sebagai moderator telah memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hubungan antara faktor perspektif persekitaran dengan tahap penerimaan perisian kursus. Kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa interaksi antara umur guru dengan faktor perspektif persekitaran perlu diberi penekanan dalam pendifusian inovasi tersebut supaya dapat meningkatkan lagi tahap penerimaan perisian kursus.   Kata kunci: Pendifusian teknologi, perisian kursus, tahap penerimaan.
Pengurusan Wakaf Pendidikan di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia: Satu Sorotan Literatur
Authors: Mustaffa Najibah , Muda Mohd Zamro
Published: August 2020

Wakaf pendidikan sudah lama diamalkan di Malaysia melalui kewujudan institusi pendidikan berbentuk tradisi seperti pondok, madrasah, sekolah agama rakyat dan sekolah agama negeri. Pada tahun 1999, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) telah mewujudkan Islamic Endowment Fund (IEF), menjadikannya sebagai institusi pengajian tinggi (IPT) pertama di Malaysia yang menubuhkan tabung wakaf pendidikan yang diikuti dengan beberapa buah IPT lain dari setahun ke setahun. Artikel ini membincangkan satu perkembangan penulisan, sama ada dalam bentuk penyelidikan, buku, artikel dan sebagainya dalam membahaskan isu pengurusan wakaf pendidikan di institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengambil pendekatan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil sorotan kajian yang dilakukan boleh dikatakan bahawa telah banyak penulisan, lontaran idea dan perbincangan berkenaan perkara ini dibuat oleh para sarjana, ahli akademik dan juga pihak kerajaan. Wakaf pendidikan di Malaysia dilihat semakin berkembang dengan penubuhan tabung wakaf pendidikan di beberapa buah IPT seperti UIAM, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) dan beberapa buah IPT lain lagi. Walau bagaimanapun, sehingga artikel ini dibuat, masih belum ada kajian yang meneliti secara khusus pengurusan wakaf pendidikan di IPT sedia ada selain daripada masalah dan cabaran yang dihadapi, terutamanya melibatkan aspek pengurusan dana yang menjadi tulang belakang kepada kejayaan sesuatu wakaf pendidikan.   Kata kunci: Wakaf, pendidikan, pengurusan wakaf, institusi pengajian tinggi.
Kemapanan dan Daya Saing Pajak Gadai Islam Di Malaysia: Perspektif Perintis
Authors: Abdul Razak Azila , Muhammad Fidlizan , Mohd Hussin Mohd Yahya , Abdul Hadi Fatimah Salwa
Published: August 2020

Pembiayaan pajak gadai konvensional telah wujud sejak abad ke-19 lagi. Namun, praktis pemberian pinjaman daripada pajak gadai konvensional sering dikaitkan dengan penyelewengan dan mempunyai unsur eksploitasi terhadap peminjam. Sebagai alternatif, pajak gadai Islam yang pertama telah diwujudkan pada tahun 1992 iaitu Muassasah Gadaian Islam Terengganu dengan inisiatif oleh Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Melayu Terengganu (MAIDAM). Sehingga tahun 2013, terdapat 464 buah cawangan daripada 10 institusi yang menawarkan pembiayaan pajak gadai Islam berbanding pajak gadai konvensional yang berlesen iaitu 259 buah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis persepsi tiga perintis utama pemegang pajak gadai Islam di Malaysia iaitu MAIDAM, YaPEIM dan Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia berkaitan aspek kemapanan dan daya saing produk, isu pembiayaan berfokuskan penggunaan dan kesedaran masyarakat terhadap kewujudan pajak gadai Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan temu bual separa berstruktur terhadap tiga institusi perintis pajak gadai Islam. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pajak gadai Islam berupaya untuk bersaing dan berkembang dengan penawaran sistem gadaian yang berkonsepkan syariah, pengenaan upah simpan yang rendah dan matlamat pembiayaan yang tidak berorientasikan keuntungan dan lebih kepada tanggungjawab sosial. Untuk kemapanan dan daya saing skim ini, peranan kerajaan juga amat penting terutamanya dalam mewujudkan satu akta pajak gadai Islam yang khusus serta mempertingkatkan lagi pemberian lesen kepada pemegang pajak gadai yang berpotensi. Aktiviti promosi dan hebahan maklumat melalui media massa dan elektronik juga perlu dipertingkatkan bagi memberi kesedaran dan pemahaman kepada masyarakat khususnya mereka yang beragama Islam untuk memilih skim ar-Rahnu sebagai alternatif kepada pajak gadai konvensional.   Kata kunci: Pajak gadai Islam, pajak gadai konvensional, kemapanan, daya saing.
Access to Technical Assistance: A Case Study of Suppliers in the Malaysian Automotive Industry
Authors: Abdul Kadir Kadzrina , Ali Hassan , Tam On Kit
Published: August 2020

Technology transfer has been an important area in supplier development as suppliers are expected to develop their capabilities with their technical partners. The literature has focused on supplier development programmes implemented by automakers for their suppliers. However, less focus has been on the suppliers who received them, particularly the dependent suppliers: suppliers whose major buyers account for 20% or more of their sales. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the experiences of the dependent suppliers with their technical partners, which was part of the supplier development program that was implemented by their major buyers. This study was based on interviews with seven supplier organisations in the Malaysian automotive industry. Findings suggest that both positive and less positive experiences were received by the dependent suppliers, and possible explanations were discussed.   Keywords: Supplier development, technical assistance, technology transfer, automotive industry, qualitative study, multiple-case study.
Real Estate Market Structure: Industrial Organization Perspectives
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Ridhuan Bos
Published: August 2020

Existing studies of housing markets assume that property developers is a homogenous, perfectly competitive industry. It concentrates on advanced economies and the impacts of market conditions, regulatory constraints, production characteristics, institutional structure and land supply. Motivated by these circumstances and fewer literature on concentration studies in Malaysia we try to bridging the gap. This paper utilized 5-digit firm level industry data of the Malaysian Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC, 2008) on the average size of property developer establishments and market concentration to test the appropriateness of this paradigm. Our concentration ratio (CR4) results show Malaysian real estate services are considered as competitive market.   Keywords: Concentration, competition, market power, real estate services. JEL: L1, L11, L85
Permission-Based Electronic Mail Factors from Recipient’s Perspective
Authors: Torkaman Saeid , Mohamed Norshidah
Published: August 2020

The research explores permission-based electronic mail (e-mail) factors. Permission-based e-mail refers to recipients who had previously agreed to receive advertisements or messages sent via an e-mail from a company. These factors are conceptualized as recipients’ intention to open, read, click and forward e-mails. The research uses the survey research approach. The target sample was 160 post-graduate students of a business school at a leading institution of higher learning in Malaysia. Data analysis for the research was performed using SPSS Version 21. The usable number of responses was, however, 145. The results shed light into permission-based e-mail factors from a recipient’s perspective. A recipient who intends to open an e-mail has the intention to read it, click a link on it and forward it. Notably, this is driven by a specific combination of factors in an e-mail that is important from a recipient’s perspective. Implications for theory and practice are discussed herein.   Keywords: Permission-based e-mail, internet marketing, electronic commerce, permission marketing.
Kaedah Pengurusan Harta Wakaf oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Kedah (MAIK): Pelaksanaan Pajakan untuk 99 Tahun
Authors: Abdul Rahman Azizan , Omar Hydzulkifli Hashim , Shuib Mohd Sollehudin
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini membincangkan tentang kaedah pengurusan harta wakaf yang dilaksanakan Oleh Majlis Agama Islam Kedah (MAIK). Terdapat pelbagai kaedah pembangunan yang telah digunakan oleh MAIK untuk tujuan pengurusan yang optimal antaranya kaedah sewaan, istibdal, B.O.T (Build Operate Transfer), Pajakan 99 tahun, RMK-9 (Rancangan Malaysia Ke-9) dan juga kaedah usahasama. Kajian ini memfokuskan kaedah pajakan 99 tahun yang telah diamalkan oleh MAIK untuk menguruskan harta wakaf yang berada dibawah seliaannya. Perbahasan dari segi fiqh juga diutarakan dalam kajian ini yang berkisar tentang kaedah pajakan tanah untuk tempoh 99 tahun. Hasil perbincangan ini kelak akan membolehkan institusi wakaf dinegeri lain menjadikan ianya sebagai acuan dalam usaha memartabatkan kelestarian harta wakaf yang diselia.   Kata kunci: Pengurusan Harta Wakaf, Pajakan 99 tahun, Majlis Agama Islam Kedah (MAIK)
The Conceptual Framework for a Sustainable Halal SPA Business in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Chanin Oraphan
Published: August 2020

This article aims to provide discussions on the sustainable halal spa business in the Gulf of Thailand by providing the framework indicating the factors affecting the service business offered to the Moslem tourists. The article highlights the high potential of halal spa business, although it may have a negative connotation for Moslem tourists, by providing for the needs of Moslem tourists in the Gulf of Thailand and the services offered by a number of spa operation that claim to be halal spa business. The article discusses and provides the theoretical concept and practices by highlighting the potential factors affecting those halal spa businesses, from the perspective Thailand spa operators. Focusing on the internal and external elements, the factors affecting the service of halal spa businesses in the Gulf of Thailand for Moslem tourists are presented within the common components of product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. It is suggested that the potential for halal spa business in the Gulf of Thailand is high and the information provided can improve the promotion and sustainability of the halal spa business model in enhancing the tourism sector in Thailand.   Keywords: Sustainability, Halal spa business, Moslem tourist, Gulf of Thailand.
THE ROLES OF PERCEIVED RISKS AND PRICE ON THE PURCHASE INTENTION OF CHINA-MADE HOME APPLIANCES AMONG CAREER WOMEN IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hashim Noor Azmi , Husin Zolkafli , Lebai Othman Ismail , Md Zain Ali Yusob
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research paper is to report on the purchase intention of China-made home appliances among career women in Malaysia. The purchase intention is hypothesised to be influenced by the price and preference of today’s career women who are indifferent to the product’s country of origin and brand. Data were collected by random sampling from 430 career women in selected states in Malaysia in 2016 and were used to test the hypotheses. Survey questionnaires were used to collect the data by utilising a self-administrated method. The relationships between price, perceived risks, attitude toward brand, and purchase intention were tested in this study. The results showed that price is the main factor being considered by the career women in Malaysia when they decide to purchase China-made home appliances. This study implied that marketers need to capitalise on pricing strategy in order to market their home appliances among career women. Keywords: China-made, Purchase intention, Perceived risk, Attitude towards brand, Malaysia.
AN APPLICATION OF ‘BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE’ APPROACH TO THE U.S. CEREAL MARKET LEADERS
Authors: Kang Hyungu
Published: August 2020

In the strategic management field, the study of building and sustaining competitive advantage for businesses has been one of the most important research areas. Although there are various attempts to explain the processes of building and sustaining competitive advantage, it has continued to be a poorly defined and operationalized construct. This paper focuses on the application of a strategic analytical approach, “Building Blocks of Competitive Advantages”, to analyze and compare the sources of competitive advantage for two market leaders in the U.S. breakfast cereal industry, Kellogg’s and General Mills. Various literature were reviewed in order to gain an understanding of the industry, and the roles played by these companies. As expected, Kellogg’s and General Mills have similar sources of competitive advantage, however, these companies have shown different ways of developing competitive advantage. This study was carried out in an attempt to stimulate efforts and provide direction on the conceptual development of the sources for competitive advantage. Keywords: Building blocks of competitive advantage, Sources of competitive advantage, Internal strengths and weaknesses, U.S. Breakfast Cereal Market, Kellogg’s, General Mills.
PERANAN KOMITMEN KESELAMATAN TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA AMALAN PENGURUSAN KESELAMATAN PENGETAHUAN KESELAMATAN DENGAN INISIATIF KESELAMATAN (THE ROLE OF SAFETY COMMITMENT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRACTICE, SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND SAFETY I
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mazliah , Abdul Aziz Fadzli Shah
Published: August 2020

Komitmen keselamatan dan prestasi keselamatan telah banyak dibincangkan dalam kajian lepas. Komitmen keselamatan dan gelagat keselamatan dapat mempengaruhi tata amalan keselamatan di tempat kerja. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai peranan komitmen keselamatan pesawah bagi meningkatkan amalan keselamatan agar sentiasa bertindak dengan selamat dan sihat semasa bekerja. Kajian ini melibatkan 745 pesawah yang berdaftar dengan Jabatan Pertanian di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah soal selidik secara panduan (guided questionnaire) dan dapatan menunjukkan semua hipotesis mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap inisiatif keselamatan. Komitmen keselamatan mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan inisiatif keselamatan berbanding amalan pengurusan keselamatan. Manakala, peranan komitmen sebagai pengantara terhadap hubungan antara amalan pengurusan keselamatan dengan inisiatif keselamatan juga turut memberikan kesan yang signifikan. Oleh itu, komitmen keselamatan pesawah perlu dikenalpasti sebelum merancang program keselamatan yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan pesawah supaya dapat mendorong mereka untuk meningkatkan sikap dan tindakan proaktif terhadap keselamatan. Kata kunci: Pesawah padi, komitmen keselamatan, amalan pengurusan keselamatan, pengetahuan keselamatan, inisiatif keselamatan.
THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND POLITICAL PERCEPTION ON JOB SATISFACTION: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH STUDY IN THE TURKISH HEALTH SECTOR
Authors: Mengenci Cengiz , Gokce Sinem Guravsar , Arslan Vakkas , Emhan Abdurrahim
Published: August 2020

This study aims to find out the relationship between emotion regulation, political perception and job satisfaction by using the Structural Equation Model and to examine whether demographic factors have an effect on this relationship. To test the model, other than the demographic variables, a 19-question scale was applied to 699 employees in the health sector in Diyarbakır, which is located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. To analyze the collected data, Structural Equation Modeling method was used with the aid of AMOS 18.0 software. A positive linear relationship between emotion regulation and job satisfaction and a negative relationship between political perception and job satisfaction were determined. Besides these two latent variables, emotion regulation and political perception; it was found that age, sector and title contributed to explain variances in the job satisfaction variable which was at 34%. Additionally, some differences in terms of demographic variables were found. The job satisfaction of employees working in private hospitals was higher than those working in public hospitals; the emotion regulation ability of employees working in public hospitals was higher than those working in private hospitals; the emotion regulation ability of employees between the age 41 and 50 was higher than those who were younger; the emotion regulation ability of employees who had undergraduate degrees was higher than those who had graduate degrees.     Keywords: emotion regulation, political perception, job satisfaction, structural equation model, health sector.
A STUDY OF STRATEGIC GROUP BASED ON MAIN MELODY ANALYSIS – APPLICATION ON AN INDUSTRY IN CHINA
Authors: Zhao Xinan , Kim Jongho
Published: August 2020

At present, the tremendous change in the industrial environment affects both enterprise and industry, while the core values of strategic management are also being transformed into innovation, collaboration and common development in line with the idea of sustainable development. In this paper, a method of studying strategic group was proposed on the basis of current thinking about the relationship between enterprises in industry and corporate strategic behavior and subsequently its application was illustrated in the performance data of 41 listed companies in an industry in China in 2012–2016. The main melody analysis based on synergy and Jingyou theory was used to classify and analyze the strategic groups in industry. Results obtained from this study such as the distributive features of strategic groups in industry, the main developing mode of industry, the main strategic group, the benchmark and synergistic partner will be of significance in the development of strategic group theory and the practice of modern strategic management.     Keywords: Jingyou, main melody analysis, organizational values, strategic group, synergy.
DOES THE NEED FOR COGNITION, NEED FOR AFFECT AND PERCEIVED HUMOUR INFLUENCE CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ADVERTISED BRANDS?
Authors: Omar Zaki Hafizah , Kamarulzaman Yusniza , Mohtar Mozard
Published: August 2020

Cognition has long been known as a mechanism to process message besides forming desirable attitude. However, the engagement of emotions that has been limited in its discussions to the message processing theory such as the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) could also function as influencer to message processing and contributor to attitude formation. Hence, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of need for cognition (NFC), need for affect (NFA) and perceived humour on consumers’ attitude towards the brands advertised. The research engaged three main studies and has adopted a quantitative basic experimental design with a random selection and distribution of participants into treatment groups. Result of study 1 showed that advertising attitude mediates between NFC and brand attitude. Study 2 found that NFA moderates between NFC and brand attitude. Study 3 revealed that NFA moderates between perceived humour and brand attitude. Finally, the results also determined that NFC, NFA, and perceived humour influence the processing of advertising message in the low and high involvement conditions of message elaborations. The findings encourage future researchers to further assess consumers’ attitude towards brand in various advertising contexts in more detail. The study contributes to the advertising guidelines for advertising firms and policy makers. In addition, the study contributes to the theoretical establishment of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) that can be used for future research extension.    Keywords: Brand attitude, involvement, need for cognition, need for affect, perceived humour.
SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING AS A MEDIATOR
Authors: Mat Isa Rosmah , Mohammad Al Dweiri Mohammad Ahmed
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the relationship between supply chain integration and supply chain performance. This study used a survey questionnaire for a sample size of 277 managers from various sectors in the manufacturing industry in Jordan.  This study utilised PLS Structural Equation Modeling for testing the hypothesis.  The finding indicates a significant positive relationship between supply chain integration and supply chain performance and that knowledge sharing plays partial mediation in this relationship. This study provides an important implication on the role of knowledge sharing. The performance of the supply chain can be maximised if the supply chain partners share knowledge among them. This will expedite the process of delivering the products to the customers.  Awareness among partners on the importance to share and utilise knowledge better should be raised. The study contributes to the research on supply chain management by advancing the understanding of the role of knowledge sharing that can increase the performance of the supply chain partners.   Keywords: Supply chain integration, supply chain management, knowledge sharing, supply chain performance, supplier integration.