bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength of universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin
Authors: Jäggi Marco , Karlin Sabrina , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Rohr Nadja
Published: February 2024

Objective

The composition of universal adhesives is highly diverse. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strength of a composite with five different universal adhesives to human enamel and dentin.

Materials and Methods

The shear bond strength of a composite (G‐aenial Universal Injectable) to human enamel and dentin was tested in selective enamel etching mode before and after thermocyclic aging (10,000 cycles) using five different universal adhesive systems (Adhese Universal VivaPen, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, G‐Premio Bond, Prime&Bond active, and Scotchbond Universal Plus). Two‐bottle systems (OptiBond FL and G2‐Bond Universal) were used as control. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted of the bonding interface.

Results

Significant differences in shear bond strength values were found among the five evaluated universal adhesives. Lowest shear bond strength values were observed for 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)‐free systems. Thermocyclic aging did not significantly reduce shear bond strength values indicating that the initial bond remains stable.

Conclusions

The clinical use of universal adhesives Adhese Universal VivaPen, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, and Scotchbond Universal Plus can be encouraged as they provided comparable or even better shear bond strength values than the two‐bottle controls.

Clinical Significance

Universal adhesives that were developed for the same indication and approved for clinical use demonstrated variety in shear bond strength values. When applied in the selective enamel etching mode, a stable bond can be expected from adhesives containing HEMA and monomers with phosphate groups.
Dopamine transmission in the tail striatum: Regional variation and contribution of dopamine clearance mechanisms
Authors: Riley Bronwyn , Gould Emily , Lloyd Jordan , Hallum Luke E. , Vlajkovic Srdjan , Todd Kathryn , Freestone Peter S.
Published: February 2024

The striatum can be divided into four anatomically and functionally distinct domains: the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, ventral and the more recently identified caudolateral (tail) striatum. Dopamine transmission in these striatal domains underlies many important behaviours, yet little is known about this phenomenon in the tail striatum. Furthermore, the tail is divided anatomically into four divisions (dorsal, medial, intermediate and lateral) based on the profile of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor‐expressing medium spiny neurons, something that is not seen elsewhere in the striatum. Considering this organisation, how dopamine transmission occurs in the tail striatum is of great interest. We recorded evoked dopamine release in the four tail divisions, with comparison to the dorsolateral striatum, using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in rat brain slices. Contributions of clearance mechanisms were investigated using dopamine transporter knockout (DAT‐KO) rats, pharmacological transporter inhibitors and dextran. Evoked dopamine release in all tail divisions was smaller in amplitude than in the dorsolateral striatum and, importantly, regional variation was observed: dorsolateral ≈ lateral > medial > dorsal ≈ intermediate. Release amplitudes in the lateral division were 300% of that in the intermediate division, which also exhibited uniquely slow peak dopamine clearance velocity. Dopamine clearance in the intermediate division was most dependent on DAT, and no alternative dopamine transporters investigated (organic cation transporter‐3, norepinephrine transporter and serotonin transporter) contributed significantly to dopamine clearance in any tail division. Our findings confirm that the tail striatum is not only a distinct dopamine domain but also that each tail division has unique dopamine transmission characteristics. This supports that the divisions are not only anatomically but also functionally distinct. How this segregation relates to the overall function of the tail striatum, particularly the processing of multisensory information, is yet to be determined.

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HIV‐1 Tat and morphine interactions dynamically shift striatal monoamine levels and exploratory behaviors over time
Authors: Lark Arianna R. S. , Nass Sara R. , Hahn Yun K. , Gao Benlian , Milne Ginger L. , Knapp Pamela E. , Hauser Kurt F.
Published: February 2024

Despite the advent of combination anti‐retroviral therapy (cART), nearly half of people infected with HIV treated with cART still exhibit HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND can be worsened by co‐morbid opioid use disorder. The basal ganglia are particularly vulnerable to HIV‐1 and exhibit higher viral loads and more severe pathology, which can be exacerbated by co‐exposure to opioids. Evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission is disrupted by HIV exposure, however, little is known about whether co‐exposure to opioids may alter neurotransmitter levels in the striatum and if this in turn influences behavior. Therefore, we assayed motor, anxiety‐like, novelty‐seeking, exploratory, and social behaviors, and levels of monoamines and their metabolites following 2 weeks and 2 months of Tat and/or morphine exposure in transgenic mice. Morphine decreased dopamine levels, but significantly elevated norepinephrine, the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which typically correlated with increased locomotor behavior. The combination of Tat and morphine altered dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA concentrations differently depending on the neurotransmitter/metabolite and duration of exposure but did not affect the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neurons in the mesencephalon. Tat exposure increased the latency to interact with novel conspecifics, but not other novel objects, suggesting the viral protein inhibits exploratory behavior initiation in a context‐dependent manner. By contrast, and consistent with prior findings that opioid misuse can increase novelty‐seeking behavior, morphine exposure increased the time spent exploring a novel environment. Finally, Tat and morphine interacted to affect locomotor activity in a time‐dependent manner, while grip strength and rotarod performance were unaffected. Together, our results provide novel insight into the unique effects of HIV‐1 Tat and morphine on monoamine neurochemistry that may underlie their divergent effects on motor and exploratory behavior.
Perceptions of adult intensive care unit patients regarding nursing presence and their intensive care experiences: A descriptive‐correlational study
Authors: Canbolat Ozlem , Aktas Ayse Buket Dogan , Aydın Belma
Published: February 2024

Aims and Objectives

This study aims to determine the relationship between perceptions of nursing presence and intensive care experiences in adult intensive care unit patients'.

Background

Intensive care units (ICUs) are settings where patients have many negative emotions and experiences, which affect both treatment and post‐discharge outcomes. The holistic presence of nurses may help patients turn their negative emotions and experiences into positive ones.

Design

A descriptive‐correlational design was used and reported according to the STROBE checklist.

Methods

The sample consisted of 182 participants. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the Intensive Care Experience Scale (ICES), and the Presence of Nursing Scale (PONS).

Results

A strong positive correlation existed between total ICES and PONS scores (r = 0.889, p < 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between PONS total score and ICES subscales (awareness of surroundings (r = 0.751, p < 0.001), frightening experiences (r = 0.770, p < 0.001), recall of experience (r = 0.774, p < 0.001), and satisfaction with care (r = 0.746, p < 0.001)). Males (β = −0.139, p < 0.05), and patients who were university and higher education graduate (β = 0.137, p < 0.05) had higher positive ICU experiences. It was also found length of ICU stay was correlated with ICU experiences and nursing presence.

Conclusions

The more positively the patients perceive nurses, the better ICU experiences they have. Gender and education level were found determinants of adult ICU patients' experiences. ICU length of stay predicted what kind of experience patients have and how much they feel the presence of nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses should make their presence felt completely and holistically by using their communication skills for patients have more positive intensive care experiences. Nurses should consider variables which affects patients' ICU experiences and nursing presence.
Women's family trajectories after union dissolution: A comparative life course analysis
Authors: Vidal Sergi , van Damme Maike
Published: February 2024

Objective

Changes in family dynamics due to increased union instability are gathering scholarly attention. Against this backdrop, we asked: How do family life courses evolve after the dissolution of a first union? And, how do these processes vary across socio‐historical contexts?

Method

We deployed sequence and cluster analysis on women's combined relationship and fertility trajectories over 120 months after the dissolution of the first union using survey data from the Harmonized Histories datasets. Context‐level variation was assessed by comparing a series of measures of heterogeneity in family life courses across separation cohorts (1970–2009) and countries (France, the Netherlands, Poland, the Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom).

Results

We found substantial heterogeneity in family life courses that we inferred from a typology of trajectory pathways. We also found relevant dynamics across socio‐historical contexts. Post‐separation trajectories became more diverse (between‐individual heterogeneity) and complex (within‐individual heterogeneity) in recent periods among countries that we deem laggards in the diffusion of union dissolution, whereas path dependencies in post‐separation family paths could be identified amongst the forerunners.

Conclusion

We conclude that increased union instability across different population groups generally contributes to the heterogenization of family life courses, but national contexts are also important in shaping family trajectories upon union dissolution.
Sleep restriction alters the integration of multiple information sources in probabilistic decision‐making
Authors: Lim Jeryl Y. L. , Boardman Johanna M. , Anderson Clare , Dickinson David L. , Bennett Daniel , Drummond Sean P. A.
Published: February 2024

The detrimental effects of sleep loss on overall decision‐making have been well described. Due to the complex nature of decisions, there remains a need for studies to identify specific mechanisms of decision‐making vulnerable to sleep loss. Bayesian perspectives of decision‐making posit judgement formation during decision‐making occurs via a process of integrating knowledge gleaned from past experiences (priors) with new information from current observations (likelihoods). We investigated the effects of sleep loss on the ability to integrate multiple sources of information during decision‐making by reporting results from two experiments: the first implementing both sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) protocols, and the second implementing an SR protocol. In both experiments, participants were administered the Bayes Decisions Task on which optimal performance requires the integration of Bayesian prior and likelihood information. Participants in Experiment 1 showed reduced reliance on both information sources after SR, while no significant change was observed after TSD. Participants in Experiment 2 showed reduced reliance on likelihood after SR, especially during morning testing sessions. No accuracy‐related impairments resulting from SR and TSD were observed in both experiments. Our findings show SR affects decision‐making through altering the way individuals integrate available sources of information. Additionally, the ability to integrate information during SR may be influenced by time of day. Broadly, our findings carry implications for working professionals who are required to make high‐stakes decisions on the job, yet consistently receive insufficient sleep due to work schedule demands.
Expanded View of Ultimate Questions in Public Communication of Science: Qualitative Discourse Analysis of Genetics and Neuroscience
Authors: Nicoli Benedetta
Published: February 2024

This article argues that studying ultimate questions as “potential mediators” of religious worldviews increases sociological knowledge of religion outside institutional boundaries, as research on secularization indicates. Concurrently, other studies demonstrate that the public communication of science (PCS) influences public orientations toward religion. Integrating these contributions, I deploy a qualitative discourse analysis of 78 genetics and neuroscience PCS monographs to investigate whether and how they raise and discuss ultimate questions together with religious references. The analysis reveals two models for relating science and religion in PCS, conflict and integration, and indicates that the latter prevails. Within the integration model, I conceptualize the “expanded view” of ultimate questions in PCS and discuss in detail its main features, especially its nondualistic approach. Lastly, I discuss the possible social consequences of the expanded view and the contribution of my findings to the sociology of religion and the sociology of religion and science.
Divergent island hybrids mixed waves of ancient gene flow
Authors: Wang Silu
Published: February 2024

In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Salter et al. (2023) discovered that the Cuban Northern Bobwhite subspecies, Colinus virginianus cubanensis (Gould, 1850), is an ancient hybrid population formed due to historical hybridization potentially brought by waves of historical human migration. This study revealed a complex mixture of gene flow from distinct spatiotemporal origins underlying a seemingly semi‐independent evolutionary trajectory. Hybridization can be more common and complex than we thought.
Vision‐based fatigue crack automatic perception and geometric updating of finite element model for welded joint in steel structures
Authors: Gao Tian , Yuanzhou Zhiyuan , Ji Bohai , Xie Zaipeng
Published: February 2024

Digital twin requires establishing a self‐updated model to simulate the structural damage perceived onsite. Despite the great success in damage identification and quantification, the difficulty in registration still limits the efficiency of model updating. This study presented a framework that enables a finite element (FE) model of welded joints to remesh itself for updating the geometric changes caused by the fatigue crack. Leveraging the linear geometry of the weld, a crack registration algorithm was proposed for the automation of crack perception. First, a dual‐task network was established to identify the crack and weld on the 2D image, where the deep Hough transform was introduced to detect the positioning weld among the irregular structural geometry. With the time‐of‐flight technique, the crack was then reconstructed and quantified in the 3D camera coordinate system. Meanwhile, the 3D structure coordinate system was established from positioning welds. Through simple coordinate transformation, the fatigue crack was automatically registered to the welded joint. Finally, the perception algorithms were integrated with the FE model, taking about 1 min to map the crack into the model. Under laboratory tests, the perception performance was not sensitive to the camera pose. The perceived errors were mainly reflected in the crack local morphology, not leading to improper reconstruction of the structural stiffness matrix.
Ḥall ul‐fuṣūṣ and its Main Tenets: A Reading into Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī's Commentary on Fuṣūṣ ul‐ḥikam
Authors: Chamankhah Leila
Published: February 2024

Although it is difficult to pinpoint an exact time as to when waḥdat al‐shuhūd (the unity of witnessing) or any other relevant idea originated, a number of scholars ascertain that it was Qāḍī ʿAḍud a‐Dīn Ījī (d. 756 or 760/1355 or 56), the prominent metaphysician, mutakallim, jurist, and the poet of the eighth century1, who should be regarded as the first one who used waḥdat al‐shuhūd. Ījī was also a contemporary of the famous Kubrawī Sufi, ʿAlāʾ u‐Dawla Simnānī (d. 736/1355), who believed in waḥdat al‐shuhūd and might have taken it from Ījī. Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī (d. 786‐87/1385), who brought Islam to Kashmir through Sufism, was an indirect student of Simnānī. He paid special attention to the ʿirfān of Ibn ʿArabī by writing a commentary on the latter's al‐Fuṣūṣ ul‐ḥikam, called Ḥall u‐fuṣūṣ, which played an important role in the further merging of the teachings of al‐Shaykh al‐Akbar into Kubrawī Sufism. However, there exists a number of scholars who believe that Hamadānī's stance was somewhere in between waḥdat al‐wujūd and waḥdat al‐shuhūd.

This paper is an attempt to locate Mīr Sayyid ʿAlī Hamadānī in Islamic Sufism by contextualizing him in the intellectual history of Sufism in Kashmir and beyond through focusing on his Ḥall ul‐fuṣūṣ to evaluate how he elaborated on the legacy of al‐Shaykh al‐Akbar. Pertinent to this is the study of the terms wujūd and shuhūd in the teachings of Ibn ʿArabī to understand how Hamadānī understood and used them in his mysticism.
The Responses That Matter
Authors: Köhler Sebastian
Published: February 2024

We are all familiar with judgements about the persistence of people. Furthermore, we tend to structure certain attitudes and practices around such judgements because we think that personal identity matters for the relevant practical concerns. Response‐dependence views try to accommodate that personal identity matters by letting relevant attitudes and practices determine the personal identity relation for a particular person. This paper argues that genuine response‐dependence views are not well positioned to accommodate the connection between personal identity and what matters. Rather, if we accept such a connection, this supports normative‐facts‐first views, according to which relevant normative facts determine personal identity.
Social rank and compassion: How insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion mediate the relationship between masculinity, depression and anxiety
Authors: Kirby James N. , Day Jamin , Gilbert Paul
Published: February 2024

Objective

Traditional masculinity norms displayed by men attempt to signal a dominance or ‘toughness’ to others; however, traditional masculine norms are associated with a range of mental health difficulties, including depression and anxiety. Based on social rank theory, we tested the mediating role of insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion on the relationship between masculinity, anxiety and depression. We also examined whether compassionate goals were negatively correlated with masculine norm adherence.

Design

We used a cross‐sectional survey design recruiting 844 men, aged 18–60 years (M = 34.0, SD = 14.4).

Results

Our results replicated previous findings with masculine norms significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Extending on previous work, we found insecure striving, social safeness and fears of compassion fully mediated these relationships for anxiety and partially for depression. This relationship was strongest for the masculinity subtypes of self‐reliance and emotional control. Compassionate goals were negatively associated with masculine norm adherence.

Conclusions

Social rank theory offers a helpful explanatory framework to understand the links between traditional masculinity and mental health, highlighting the importance of social safeness and insecure striving for men.
Homoeologous exchanges contribute to branch angle variations in rapeseed: Insights from transcriptome, QTL‐seq and gene functional analysis
Authors: Sun Chengming , Wu Jian , Zhou Xiaoying , Fu Sanxiong , Liu Huimin , Xue Zhifei , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Qi , Gao Jianqin , Chen Feng , Zhang Wei , Hu Maolong , Fu Tingdong , Wang Youping , Yi Bin , Zhang Jiefu
Published: February 2024

Branch angle (BA) is a critical morphological trait that significantly influences planting density, light interception and ultimately yield in plants. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanism governing BA in rapeseed remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated 109 transcriptome data sets for 37 rapeseed accessions with divergent BA phenotypes. Relative to adaxial branch segments, abaxial segments accumulated higher levels of auxin and exhibited lower expression of six TCP1 homologues and one GA20ox3. A co‐expression network analysis identified two modules highly correlated with BA. The modules contained homologues to known BA control genes, such as FUL, YUCCA6, TCP1 and SGR3. Notably, a homoeologous exchange (HE), occurring at the telomeres of A09, was prevalent in large BA accessions, while an A02‐C02 HE was common in small BA accessions. In their corresponding regions, these HEs explained the formation of hub gene hotspots in the two modules. QTL‐seq analysis confirmed that the presence of a large A07‐C06 HE (~8.1 Mb) was also associated with a small BA phenotype, and BnaA07.WRKY40.b within it was predicted as candidate gene. Overexpressing BnaA07.WRKY40.b in rapeseed increased BA by up to 20°, while RNAi‐ and CRISPR‐mediated mutants (BnaA07.WRKY40.b and BnaC06.WRKY40.b) exhibited decreased BA by up to 11.4°. BnaA07.WRKY40.b was exclusively localized to the nucleus and exhibited strong expression correlations with many genes related to gravitropism and plant architecture. Taken together, our study highlights the influence of HEs on rapeseed plant architecture and confirms the role of WRKY40 homologues as novel regulators of BA.
Objectionable Commemorations: Ethical and Political Issues
Authors: Lim Chong‐Ming , Lai Ten‐Herng
Published: February 2024

The term, "objectionable commemorations”, refers to a broad category of public artefacts – such as, and especially, memorials, monuments and statues – that are regarded as morally problematic in virtue of what or whom they honour. In this regard, they are a special class of public artefacts that are subject to public contestation. In this paper, we survey the general ethical and political issues on this topic. First, we categorise the arguments on offer in the literature, concerning the objectionable nature of such commemorations. Second, we review common political responses to objectionable commemorations. Finally, we identify fruitful areas for further philosophical inquiry on this topic.
‘Staying cool, calm and positive’: A dialogical narrative analysis of emotional reactions in narratives about operable lung cancer
Authors: Schoenau Mai Nanna , Missel Malene , Holen Mari
Published: February 2024

Background

Patients with lung cancer suffer from physical, psychosocial and particularly emotional challenges. Twenty‐five percent of patients with lung cancer are offered surgery as a potential cure. Nevertheless, 40% of surgically treated patients will experience recurrence. Paradoxically, research shows a dominant narrative of operable lung cancer patients ‘being lucky’, which silences other narratives about suffering, worries and emotional challenges.

Aim

To explore narratives about operable lung cancer, particularly emotional reactions to illness and suffering in these narratives.

Methods

A qualitative design was applied. Six women and four men diagnosed with operable lung cancer were included from one university hospital in Denmark and interviewed 1 month after surgery using active interviews. The interviews were subject to dialogical narrative analysis. The theoretical foundation is social constructivism, with socio‐narratological inspiration.

Findings

A typology of three emotional narratives emerged: ‘staying cool’, ‘staying calm’ and ‘staying positive’. All three types of narrative are characterised by managing emotional reactions. Staying cool is characterised by not showing emotional reactions; staying calm narratives acknowledge emotional reactions, but that they need to be managed so that they do not burden relatives; and the last, staying positive, is characterised by managing emotional reactions in a positive direction. Together this typology of three emotional narratives revealed that operable lung cancer patients are under normative pressure from these socially preferred narratives of ideal emotional reactions to lung cancer.

Conclusion

A typology of three emotional narratives were identified and can be called ‘feeling rules’ that guide patients after lung cancer surgery to manage their emotions. Consequently, if patients do not live up to these three emotional narratives of staying cool, calm and positive, they may be socially isolated and restricted from access to support.
The role of bile acid receptor TGR5 in regulating inflammatory signalling
Authors: Ye Daijiao , He Jiayao , He Xiaofei
Published: February 2024

Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a bile acid receptor, and its role in regulating metabolism after binding with bile acids has been established. Since the immune response depends on metabolism to provide biomolecules and energy to cope with challenging conditions, emerging evidence reveals the regulatory effects of TGR5 on the immune response. An in‐depth understanding of the effect of TGR5 on immune regulation can help us disentangle the interaction of metabolism and immune response, accelerating the development of TGR5 as a therapeutic target. Herein, we reviewed more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years in PubMed, to discuss the roles of TGR5 in regulating inflammatory response, the molecular mechanism, as well as existing problems. Particularly, its anti‐inflammation effect is emphasized.
The effects of low familial support and depressive symptomatology on suicide attempt among adolescents: A sex‐based assessment
Authors: Walker D'Andre , Reisig Michael D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Researchers have traditionally tested the benefits of social support, showing that it promotes positive health outcomes. There is a lack of research assessing the deleterious impact of poor social support. Low familial support can serve as a stressor in the lives of adolescents, ultimately fostering negative emotions and maladaptive coping, such as attempted suicide.

Methods

Guided by general strain theory, this study uses two waves of data from the National Study of Adolescence to Adult Health (N = 13,827; n = 7105 for females, n = 6722 for males) to test the effect of low familial support on depressive symptomatology and whether the latter mediates the effect of low familial support on suicide attempt for both males and females.

Results

The analyses reveal that low familial support is positively and significantly associated with depressive symptomatology for male and female adolescents. Regarding suicide attempt, adolescents with lower levels of familial support and higher depressive symptomatology were likely to report attempting suicide. Contrary to theoretical expectations, depressive symptomatology did not mediate the relationship between low familial support and suicide attempt.

Conclusions

Overall, the results provide justification for efforts to provide resources to adolescents who lack familial support.
Glucose volume of distribution affects insulin sensitivity measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test
Authors: Mora‐Gonzalez Diego , Moreno‐Cabañas Alfonso , Alvarez‐Jimenez Laura , Morales‐Palomo Felix , Ortega Juan Fernando , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo
Published: February 2024

Aim

To determine whether glucose volume of distribution (VdGLUCOSE) affects the diagnosis of impaired insulin sensitivity (IS) when using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).

Methods

Individuals with distinct levels of IS underwent IVGTT after an overnight fast. The prediabetic group (Prediab; n = 33) differed from the healthy group (Healthy; n = 14) in their larger glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c of 5.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.1%; 41 ± 4 vs. 36 ± 1 mmol/mol; p < 0.001), percent body fat (37 ± 6 vs. 24 ± 3%; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular fitness level (VO2MAX 22 ± 5 vs. 44 ± 5 mL of O2·kg−1·min−1; p < 0.001). Ten minutes after intravenous infusion of the glucose bolus (i.e., 35 g in a 30% solution), VdGLUCOSE was assessed from the increases in plasma glucose concentration. IS was calculated during the next 50 min using the slope of glucose disappearance and the insulin time‐response curve.

Results

VdGLUCOSE was higher in Healthy than in Prediab (230 ± 49 vs. 185 ± 21 mL·kg−1; p < 0.001). VdGLUCOSE was a strong predictor of IS (β standardized coefficient 0.362; p = 0.004). VO2MAX was associated with VdGLUCOSE and IS (Pearson r = 0.582 and 0.704, respectively; p < 0.001). However, body fat was inversely associated with VdGLUCOSE and IS (r = −0.548 and −0.555, respectively; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Since fat mass is inversely related to VdGLUCOSE and in turn, VdGLUCOSE affects the calculations of IS, the IV glucose bolus dose should be calculated based on fat‐free mass rather than body weight for a more accurate diagnosis of impaired IS.
Text mining and sentiment analysis: A new lens to explore the emotion dynamics of mother‐child interactions
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Charis
Published: February 2024

Emotions are highly dynamic and social in nature. Traditional approaches to studying emotion expression face obstacles such as substantial time investments, susceptibility to human biases, and limited capacity to capture nuanced emotional patterns. To address these challenges, this research leveraged text mining and sentiment analysis to explore the dynamic patterns of emotion expression within the context of mother‐child interactions. We analyzed 8,841 conversation transcripts involving 1,462 mother‐child dyads, sourced from the Child Language Data Exchange System. Polarity scores were calculated and analyzed to uncover the temporal patterns of mother and child emotional sentiment. Our findings revealed that mothers tended to exhibit heightened levels of positive emotion at the beginning and conclusion of conversations, whereas children displayed a more linear positive trend. Using model‐based cluster analysis, we identified two distinct clusters of mothers characterized by varying degrees of emotion expression variation and two clusters of children showing different rates of elevation in positive emotion. At the dyadic level, the differences between mother and child polarity scores varied as a function of time, with an increase of difference from the beginning to the 20th percentile point, a decrease until the 90th percentile, and then an increase again towards the end of the conversation. This study demonstrates the utility of text mining and sentiment analysis in developmental studies, particularly in the context of parent‐child interactions. The findings hold informative implications for interventions that focus on fostering healthy parent‐child relationships.
High‐resolution strain mapping in a thermionic LaB6 scanning electron microscope
Authors: Poole Benjamin , Marsh Alex , Lunt David , Hardie Chris , Gorley Mike , Hamelin Cory , Harte Allan
Published: February 2024

The high source stability and brightness of field emission gun equipped scanning electron microscopes (SEM) makes them ideal for high‐resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC). However, their high initial capital cost can be prohibitive for research organisations and groups. Conventional thermionic SEMs using either a tungsten hairpin or LaB6 filament are far more widespread due to their lower cost. Whilst it is understood that overall performance and ultimate resolution are lower than field emission SEMs, we propose that there is no fundamental reason why these instruments are unsuitable for HRDIC. We investigate the use of a LaB6 SEM as a viable tool for HRDIC. We detail the subtleties of performing HRDIC using a LaB6 thermionic source SEM, providing technical recommendations for best practices in using these instruments for strain mapping. The effects of instrument parameters on strain measurement noise are examined, with a focus on parameters of key relevance to in situ and ex situ mechanical testing. Errors in focus and image pixel size are found to be the primary contributors to the strain noise floor values, with stage accuracy being of secondary importance. We present a case study in oxygen‐free high‐conductivity copper, OFHC‐Cu, which is used in the designs of nuclear fusion components as a heat sink interlayer. Heterogeneous strain patterns are observed in this material, with high levels of strain localisation at grain boundaries. Active slip systems are identified using the relative displacement ratio method, demonstrating the quality of these data and the suitability of LaB6 instruments for HRDIC strain mapping, achieving performance approaching that expected of a field emission SEM.
Structural and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis alcohol dehydrogenases reveals distinct functional properties but similar redox sensitivity
Authors: Meloni Maria , Rossi Jacopo , Fanti Silvia , Carloni Giacomo , Tedesco Daniele , Treffon Patrick , Piccinini Luca , Falini Giuseppe , Trost Paolo , Vierling Elizabeth , Licausi Francesco , Giuntoli Beatrice , Musiani Francesco , Fermani Simona , Zaffagnini Mirko
Published: February 2024

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a group of zinc‐binding enzymes belonging to the medium‐length dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) protein superfamily. In plants, these enzymes fulfill important functions involving the reduction of toxic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols (as well as catalyzing the reverse reaction, i.e., alcohol oxidation; ADH1) and the reduction of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; ADH2/GSNOR). We investigated and compared the structural and biochemical properties of ADH1 and GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana. We expressed and purified ADH1 and GSNOR and determined two new structures, NADH‐ADH1 and apo‐GSNOR, thus completing the structural landscape of Arabidopsis ADHs in both apo‐ and holo‐forms. A structural comparison of these Arabidopsis ADHs revealed a high sequence conservation (59% identity) and a similar fold. In contrast, a striking dissimilarity was observed in the catalytic cavity supporting substrate specificity and accommodation. Consistently, ADH1 and GSNOR showed strict specificity for their substrates (ethanol and GSNO, respectively), although both enzymes had the ability to oxidize long‐chain alcohols, with ADH1 performing better than GSNOR. Both enzymes contain a high number of cysteines (12 and 15 out of 379 residues for ADH1 and GSNOR, respectively) and showed a significant and similar responsivity to thiol‐oxidizing agents, indicating that redox modifications may constitute a mechanism for controlling enzyme activity under both optimal growth and stress conditions.
NADPH oxidase‐dependent H2O2 production mediates salicylic acid‐induced salt tolerance in mangrove plant Kandelia obovata by regulating Na+/K+ and redox homeostasis
Authors: Wu Xuan , Li Jing , Song Ling‐Yu , Zeng Lin‐Lan , Guo Ze‐Jun , Ma Dong‐Na , Wei Ming‐Yue , Zhang Lu‐Dan , Wang Xiu‐Xiu , Zheng Hai‐Lei
Published: February 2024

Salicylic acid (SA) is known to enhance salt tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism of SA‐mediated response to high salinity in halophyte remains unclear. Using electrophysiological and molecular biological methods, we investigated the role of SA in response to high salinity in mangrove species, Kandelia obovata, a typical halophyte. Exposure of K. obovata roots to high salinity resulted in a rapid increase in endogenous SA produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase pathway. The application of exogenous SA improved the salt tolerance of K. obovata, which depended on the NADPH oxidase‐mediated H2O2. Exogenous SA and H2O2 increased Na+ efflux and reduced K+ loss by regulating the transcription levels of Na+ and K+ transport‐related genes, thus reducing the Na+/K+ ratio in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. In addition, exogenous SA‐enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and its transcripts, and the expressions of four genes related to AsA‐GSH cycle as well, then alleviated oxidative damages in the salt‐treated K. obovata roots. However, the above effects of SA could be reversed by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (the NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and paclobutrazol (a SA biosynthesis inhibitor). Collectively, our results demonstrated that SA‐induced salt tolerance of K. obovata depends on NADPH oxidase‐generated H2O2 that affects Na+/K+ and redox homeostasis in response to high salinity.
Photosensitizer‐loaded hydrogels: A new antibacterial dressing
Authors: Liu Shunying , Feng Yanhai , Tan Yang , Chen Jinyi , Yang Tao , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Lingfei , Wang Fangjie , Liang Huaping , Zhong Julia‐Li , Qi Chao , Lei Xia
Published: February 2024

Bacterial wound infection has emerged as a pivotal threat to human health worldwide, and the situation has worsened owing to the gradual increase in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria caused by the improper use of antibiotics. To reduce the use of antibiotics and avoid the increase in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, researchers are increasingly paying attention to  photodynamic therapy, which uses light to produce reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria. Treating bacteria‐infected wounds by photodynamic therapy requires fixing the photosensitizer (PS) at the wound site and maintaining a certain level of wound humidity. Hydrogels are materials with a high water content and are well suited for fixing PSs at wound sites for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Therefore, hydrogels are often loaded with PSs for treating bacteria‐infected wounds via antibacterial photodynamic therapy. In this review, we systematically summarised the antibacterial mechanisms and applications of PS‐loaded hydrogels for treating bacteria‐infected wounds via photodynamic therapy. In addition, the recent  studies and the research status progresses of novel antibacterial hydrogels are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of PS‐loaded hydrogels are reviewed.
Determinación de una órbita operacional para la misión satelital de observación de la tierra FACSAT 2
Authors: Delgado-Martínez Julián Andrés , Muñoz-Giraldo Santiago
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: La Fuerza Aérea Colombiana, a través del programa FACSAT, busca impulsar la independencia de la iniciativa espacial colombiana. Este artículo propone la órbita operacional de la misión satelital FACSAT-2, destinada a obtener imágenes que faciliten la detección y clasificación de extensiones de terreno colombiano mediante un satélite. Materiales y métodos: Para avanzar en la tecnología aeroespacial, este estudio recomienda una órbita operacional específica para FACSAT-2. La selección considera requerimientos operativos, ubicación geográfica, ventanas de lanzamiento, disponibilidad de órbitas comerciales, y datos de FACSAT-1 y escenarios simulados. Resultados y discusión: La órbita operacional es crucial en el diseño del sistema satelital. Restricciones de ángulo de elevación y consideraciones sobre accesos, tiempo de acceso, entre otros, reflejan un enfoque integral, fortaleciendo la base para la selección de la órbita operacional. Conclusiones: Se definieron los criterios para la órbita operacional de FACSAT-2, abordando inclinación, accesos totales, tiempo de acceso, tiempo de revisita, altitud y ventana de lanzamiento. Las simulaciones indican que una inclinación ≤ 40° ofrece el mejor rendimiento, con altitud óptima de 550 km. La órbita de 23° de inclinación, 550 km de altitud, programada para 2022 Q3 desde India, se destaca por ofrecer la máxima accesibilidad y cobertura para Colombia.
Pandemia, TIC y equidad en la educación secundaria técnica
Authors: Formichella María Marta
Published: February 2024

En 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la pandemia del covid-19 y muchos gobiernos tomaron medidas de precaución para evitar contagios. En Argentina, se dispuso el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio. Así, el objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar las implicancias de esta medida y el uso de las TIC sobre la inequidad educativa. Se aplicó una metodología de índole cualitativa y se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas como técnica de recogida de datos.Se concluye que el aislamiento generó una superposición de roles y espacios para los docentes y estudiantes, así como un aumento de la inequidad educativa.
Universitarios frente al COVID-19, sus competencias en TIC
Authors: Arras-Vota Ana María De Guadalupe , Bordas-Beltrán José Luis , Porras-Flores Damián Aaron
Published: February 2024

La presente investigación, un estudio de caso, incorpora técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México, en dos periodos signados por la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020, respecto a la afectación familiar y la modificación en sus competencias en tecnologías de información y comunicación. Se concluyó que los alumnos percibieron una reducción en sus competencias durante el ingreso y cambios en la dinámica familiar, pero hubo incremento en torno al uso de la plataforma y el aprendizaje permanente. Se enfatiza la importancia de desarrollar ambientes de aprendizaje estratégicos, de acuerdo a los desafíos del mundo actual.
Síndrome de burnout y engagement en trabajadores de la salud: un abordaje desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Quiroz González Eliana , Castaño González Julia , Arias-Rodríguez Gina
Published: February 2024

El burnout y el engagement tienen un impacto en la salud de los trabajadores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia del género en el síndrome de burnout y el engagement entre trabajadores de la salud colombianos. El estudio consistió en un diseño no experimental, transversal, con un alcance explicativo. Participaron 972 profesionales de la salud (Mujeres = 78,3% y Hombres = 21,7%) con una edad media de 34 años. Utilizamos un cuestionario ad hoc, la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) y el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). El análisis de los datos se realizó en SPSS v.22 y AMOS v.25. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en despersonalización, con mayor afectación en los hombres (Z = -2,44, p = 0,015). No se encontraron diferencias con respecto a otras dimensiones del burnout y engagement en función del género. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales señaló que el género no influye en el burnout ni en el engagement, pero indica que el burnout ejerce una influencia negativa sobre el engagement. Se utilizó un diseño transversal y autoregistros. Se sugieren estudios experimentales y longitudinales, así como la integración de variables contextuales que pueden alterar los fenómenos estudiados. Los resultados del estudio pueden apoyar a los líderes de recursos humanos en los procesos de toma de decisiones y promoción la salud mental en el trabajo, generando intervenciones desde una perspectiva de género.
Acerca de la regulación del seguro de responsabilidad civil en base a reclamos (“Claim Made”) en la ley uruguaya de contratos de seguros
Authors: Martínez Mercadal Juan José
Published: February 2024

Sin una regulación legal expresa del contrato de seguros de responsabilidad civil en la codificación comercial del siglo XIX en Uruguay, en el año 2018 irrumpe en escena la Ley de Contratos de Seguros número 19.678. La primera regulación del contrato de seguros de responsabilidad civil, con vínculos con el Derecho del Consumidor y una declaración de orden público, que por momentos queda sujeto a revisión en alguna de sus disposiciones, implica un verdadero desafío para el intérprete. En ese contexto, y el que surge del actual desarrollo del Derecho de Daños y del Consumidor, la recepción legislativa de la cobertura en base a reclamos genera grandes interrogantes. El presente trabajo procura hacer un ejercicio interpretativo desde el pensamiento abstracto y crítico de la nueva figura en el contexto del sistema normativo uruguayo de Derecho Privado.
La imposición de un plazo de resolución de reclamos de seguros autoexpedibles vía reglamento menor al establecido por las leyes del mercado de seguros en Costa Rica: ¿Un caso de vulneración al principio de legalidad?
Authors: Arredondo Benítez Mercedes Begelle
Published: February 2024

En Costa Rica, al igual que en otras legislaciones de LATAM, el mercado de seguros es regulado y supervisado. Como parte de dicha característica, la Superintendencia General de Seguros bajo la dirección del Consejo Nacional de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero, participa en la creación de reglamentos que se incorporan al marco normativo aplicable a los sujetos supervisados. Teniendo como pilar la Ley Reguladora del Mercado de Seguros (Ley N° 8653) y la Ley Reguladora del Contrato de Seguros (Ley N° 8956), se analiza, desde una perspectiva crítica- reflexiva, el alcance de la potestad reglamentaria del regulador. Específicamente, se aborda la viabilidad legal de fijar un plazo para la atención, resolución y pago de reclamos de seguros autoexpedibles, que se aparte del fijado legalmente y sus posibles implicaciones tanto de legalidad, en atención a los principios de jerarquía normativa y seguridad jurídica, como de afectación en el desarrollo del mercado de seguros en el país.
Las prácticas de autoprotección propias de los tomadores/asegurados como consumidores financieros
Authors: Manjarrez Paba Nazly Yamile
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo pretende exponer la realidad jurídica de Colombia, tendiente a desconocer las prácticas efectivas de autoprotección de los tomadores/asegurados como consumidores financieros y analiza la posición que ha asumido la Corte Constitucional, la Superintendencia Financiera y el Tribunal Superior de Bogotá. Así mismo, propondrá acciones que permitan regular, educar y sancionar mecanismos de protección a los consumidores financieros en el contrato de seguros. Esta investigación se desarrolló a través del enfoque cualitativo, con un alcance exploratorio, utilizando el método hermenéutico analítico y el estudio de casos y a su vez, se empleó la técnica de revisión documental a partir de bases de datos como Scopus, Scielo y Redalyc.
Rentabilidad de los bonos sobre catástrofes: análisis de los índices Swiss Re Cat Bond
Authors: Pérez-Fructuoso Maria José
Published: February 2024

El gran aumento de las pérdidas aseguradas derivadas de la ocurrencia de catástrofes naturales, ha provocado la insuficiencia de la cobertura tradicional del reaseguro en el mercado asegurador, motivando la búsqueda de nuevas formas alternativas de transferencia del riesgo a través de los mercados de capital. Una de las formas de titulización más utilizada y desarrollada hasta la fecha ha sido la emisión de bonos catastróficos o CAT Bonds. En este trabajo se presentan las ventajas de diversificación, los atractivos rendimientos que ofrecen estos bonos catastróficos (CAT), así como la forma de calcularlos a través de los índices Swiss Re Cat Bond.
Seguro obligatorio de la responsabilidad civil del automóvil el concepto amplio de “daños corporales” abarca el sufrimiento psicológico de un hijo únicamente en caso de daño patológico sentencia del TJUE de 15 de diciembre de 2022 (asunto C‑577/21)
Authors: Tapia Hermida Alberto J.
Published: February 2024

Este artículo comenta la Sentencia de la Sala Décima del Tribunal de Justicia de la UE de 15 de diciembre de 2022 (asunto C‑577/21) que dió respuesta a la petición de decisión prejudicial planteada por el Tribunal de la Ciudad de Sofía, de Bulgaria) en un asunto que versaba sobre un seguro obligatorio de la responsabilidad civil que resulta de la circulación de vehículos automóviles. El TJUE establece un concepto amplio de “daños corporales” que abarca el sufrimiento psicológico de un hijo únicamente en caso de daño patológico.