bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a More Robust Evaluation of Climate Model and Hydrological Impact Uncertainties
Authors: Pastén-Zapata E. , Eberhart T. , Jensen K. H. , Refsgaard J. C. , Sonnenborg T. O.
Published: June 2022

The uncertainty of climate model projections is recognized as being large. This represents a challenge for decision makers as the simulation spread of a climate model ensemble can be large, and there might even be disagreement on the direction of the climate change signal among the members of the ensemble. This study quantifies changes in the hydrological projection uncertainty due to different approaches used to select a climate model ensemble. The study assesses 16 Euro-CORDEX Regional Climate Models (RCMs) that drive three different conceptualizations of the MIKE-SHE hydrological model for the Ahlergaarde catchment in western Denmark. The skills of the raw and bias-corrected RCMs to simulate historical precipitation are evaluated using sets of nine, six, and three metrics assessing means and extremes in a series of steps, and results in reduction of projection uncertainties. After each step, the overall lowest-performing model is removed from the ensemble and the standard deviation is estimated, only considering the members of the new ensemble. This is performed for nine steps. The uncertainty of raw RCM outputs is reduced the most for river discharge (5 th , 50 th and 95 th percentiles) when using the set of three metrics, which only assess precipitation means and one ‘moderate’ extreme metrics. In contrast, the uncertainty of bias-corrected RCMs is reduced the most when using all nine metrics, which evaluate means, ‘moderate’ extremes and high extremes. Similar results are obtained for groundwater head (GWH). For the last step of the method, the initial standard deviation of the raw outputs decreases up to 38% for GWH and 37% for river discharge. The corresponding decreases when evaluating the bias-corrected outputs are 63% and 42%. For the bias corrected outputs, the approach proposed here reduces the projected hydrological uncertainty and provides a stronger change signal for most of the months. This
analysis provides an insight on how different approaches used to select a climate
model ensemble affect the uncertainty of the hydrological projections and, in this case,
reduce the uncertainty of the future projections.
PeakForest: a multi-platform digital infrastructure for interoperable metabolite spectral data and metadata management
Authors: Paulhe Nils , Canlet Cécile , Damont Annelaure , Peyriga Lindsay , Durand Stéphanie , Deborde Catherine , Alves Sandra , Bernillon Stephane , Berton Thierry , Bir Raphael , Bouville Alyssa , Cahoreau Edern , Centeno Delphine , Costantino Robin , Debrauwer Laurent , Delabrière Alexis , Duperier Christophe , Emery Sylvain , Flandin Amelie , Hohenester Ulli , Jacob Daniel , Joly Charlotte , Jousse Cyril , Lagree Marie , Lamari Nadia , Lefebvre Marie , Lopez-Piffet Claire , Lyan Bernard , Maucourt Mickael , Migne Carole , Olivier Marie-Francoise , Rathahao-Paris Estelle , Petriacq Pierre , Pinelli Julie , Roch Léa , Roger Pierrick , Roques Simon , Tabet Jean-Claude , Tremblay-Franco Marie , Traïkia Mounir , Warnet Anna , Zhendre Vanessa , Rolin Dominique , Jourdan Fabien , Thévenot Etienne , Moing Annick , Jamin Emilien , Fenaille François , Junot Christophe , Pujos-Guillot Estelle , Giacomoni Franck
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Accuracy of feature annotation and metabolite identification in biological samples is a key element in metabolomics research. However, the annotation process is often hampered by the lack of spectral reference data in experimental conditions, as well as logistical difficulties in the spectral data management and exchange of annotations between laboratories.

Objectives

To design an open-source infrastructure allowing hosting both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectra (MS), with an ergonomic Web interface and Web services to support metabolite annotation and laboratory data management.

Methods

We developed the PeakForest infrastructure, an open-source Java tool with automatic programming interfaces that can be deployed locally to organize spectral data for metabolome annotation in laboratories. Standardized operating procedures and formats were included to ensure data quality and interoperability, in line with international recommendations and FAIR principles.

Results

PeakForest is able to capture and store experimental spectral MS and NMR metadata as well as collect and display signal annotations. This modular system provides a structured database with inbuilt tools to curate information, browse and reuse spectral information in data treatment. PeakForest offers data formalization and centralization at the laboratory level, facilitating shared spectral data across laboratories and integration into public databases.

Conclusion

PeakForest is a comprehensive resource which addresses a technical bottleneck, namely large-scale spectral data annotation and metabolite identification for metabolomics laboratories with multiple instruments. PeakForest databases can be used in conjunction with bespoke data analysis pipelines in the Galaxy environment, offering the opportunity to meet the evolving needs of metabolomics research. Developed and tested by the French metabolomics community, PeakForest is freely-available at https://github.com/peakforest.
Striatal Dopaminergic Depletion Pattern Reflects Pathological Brain Perfusion Changes in Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Iwabuchi Yu , Shiga Tohru , Kameyama Masashi , Miyazawa Raita , Seki Morinobu , Ito Daisuke , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tabuchi Hajime , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In Lewy body diseases (LBD), various symptoms occur depending on the distribution of Lewy body in the brain, and the findings of brain perfusion and dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) also change accordingly. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between brain perfusion SPECT and quantitative indices calculated from DAT-SPECT in patients with LBD.

Procedures

We retrospectively enrolled 35 patients with LBD who underwent brain perfusion SPECT with N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodoamphetamine and DAT-SPECT with 123I-ioflupane. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) data were also collected from 19 patients. Quantitative indices (specific binding ratio [SBR], putamen-to-caudate ratio [PCR], and caudate-to-putamen ratio [CPR]) were calculated using DAT-SPECT. These data were analysed by the statistical parametric mapping procedure.

Results

In patients with LBD, decreased PCR index correlated with hypoperfusion in the brainstem (medulla oblongata and midbrain) (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100), while decreased CPR index correlated with hypoperfusion in the right temporoparietal cortex (family-wise error corrected p < 0.05), right precuneus (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100), and bilateral temporal cortex (uncorrected p < 0.001, k > 100). However, there was no significant correlation between decreased SBR index and brain perfusion. Additionally, the MMSE score was correlated with hypoperfusion in the left temporoparietal cortex (uncorrected p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that regional changes in striatal 123I-ioflupane accumulation on DAT-SPECT are related to brain perfusion changes in patients with LBD.
Why do firms down-list or exit from securities markets?
Authors: Bessler Wolfgang , Beyenbach Johannes , Rapp Marc Steffen , Vendrasco Marco
Published: June 2022

In 2003, the German Stock Exchange instituted thePrime Standardas the highest regulated stock market segment in Germany. We analyze the firms’ delisting decisions from this market segment between 2003 and 2015, with a focus on different delisting reasons and firm characteristics. We identify 518 firms that listed on thePrime Standardat least once during the sample period of which 243 firms left this market segment. Of these firms, 107 down-listed and transferred to lower market segments and 136 firms exited the public equity market for the following reasons: 61 firms merged, 53 were insolvent, and 22 firms went private. Using cross-sectional and firm-fixed effects logit regressions, we provide new evidence for firms’ market segment and delisting decisions. Consistent with a cost–benefit analysis, we observe that inferior growth opportunities, low stock liquidity, smaller firm size, poor operating performance, higher audit fees, and more agency conflicts increase the probability that firms opt for a less regulated stock market segment or voluntarily go private. This raises the important issue of securities market reforms that best meet firms and investors preferences.
A novel epithelial–mesenchymal transition gene signature for the immune status and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Yanlong , Wang Jingyan , Huang Guo , Zhu Jun , Jian Haokun , Xia Guozhi , Wei Qian , Li Yuanhai , Yu Hongzhu
Published: June 2022

Background

This study clarified whether EMT-related genes can predict immunotherapy efficacy and overall survival in patients with HCC.

Methods

The RNA-sequencing profiles and patient information of 370 samples were derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and EMT-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures database. The signature model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis in TCGA cohort. Validation data were obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset of patients with HCC. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox analyses were employed to estimate the prognostic value. Immune status and tumor microenvironment were estimated using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The expression of prognostic genes was verified using qRT-PCR analysis of HCC cell lines.

Results

A signature model was constructed using EMT-related genes to determine HCC prognosis, based on which patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The risk score, as an independent factor, was related to tumor stage, grade, and immune cells infiltration. The results indicated that the most prognostic genes were highly expressed in the HCC cell lines, but GADD45B was down-regulated. Enrichment analysis suggested that immunoglobulin receptor binding and material metabolism were essential in the prognostic signature.

Conclusion

Our novel prognostic signature model has a vital impact on immune status and prognosis, significantly helping the decision-making related to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HCC.
The Promise of Belonging: Racialized Youth Subject Positions in the Swedish Rural North
Authors: Goicolea Isabel , Gotfredsen Anne , Jonsson Frida , Wernesjö Ulrika
Published: June 2022

This article analyses how youth subject positions of the ‘racialized other’ are produced, and how these positions interconnect with the concept of belonging to the rural community. We do this by analysing 15 group discussions with 63 young people living in rural areas in northern Sweden taking a discursive psychology approach, and focusing on how discourses produce certain subject positions of ‘the racialized other’. Drawing on the concepts of the politics of belonging and the ‘stranger’, we argue that discourses on belonging to the (rural) community create boundaries that exclude ‘other’ youth, as well as resistance and contestation. The subject positions that such discourses produce represent racialized youth in stereotypical ways and imply a promise of belonging for certain ‘others’ based on their fulfilment of particular norms. However, such a depoliticized promise of belonging that places the responsibility for becoming integrated on the ‘others’ was also challenged. Firstly, in relation to criticisms of the welfare system, and secondly, in relation to racism as an unwelcome threat in rural communities.
A Music Cognition–Guided Framework for Multi-pitch Estimation
Authors: Li Xiaoquan , Yan Yijun , Soraghan John , Wang Zheng , Ren Jinchang
Published: June 2022

As one of the most important subtasks of automatic music transcription (AMT), multi-pitch estimation (MPE) has been studied extensively for predicting the fundamental frequencies in the frames of audio recordings during the past decade. However, how to use music perception and cognition for MPE has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Motivated by this, this demonstrates how to effectively detect the fundamental frequency and the harmonic structure of polyphonic music using a cognitive framework. Inspired by cognitive neuroscience, an integration of the constant Q transform and a state-of-the-art matrix factorization method called shift-invariant probabilistic latent component analysis (SI-PLCA) are proposed to resolve the polyphonic short-time magnitude log-spectra for multiple pitch estimation and source-specific feature extraction. The cognitions of rhythm, harmonic periodicity and instrument timbre are used to guide the analysis of characterizing contiguous notes and the relationship between fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies for detecting the pitches from the outcomes of SI-PLCA. In the experiment, we compare the performance of proposed MPE system to a number of existing state-of-the-art approaches (seven weak learning methods and four deep learning methods) on three widely used datasets (i.e. MAPS, BACH10 and TRIOS) in terms of F-measure ($${F}_{1}$$F1) values. The experimental results show that the proposed MPE method provides the best overall performance against other existing methods.
Comparison of machine learning and process-based SWAT model in simulating streamflow in the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Rahman Khalil Ur , Pham Quoc Bao , Jadoon Khan Zaib , Shahid Muhammad , Kushwaha Daniel Prakash , Duan Zheng , Mohammadi Babak , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Anh Duong Tran
Published: June 2022

This study appraised and compared the performance of process-based hydrological SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) with a machine learning-based multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models for simulating streamflow in the Upper Indus Basin. The study period ranges from 1998 to 2013, where SWAT and MLP models were calibrated/trained and validated/tested for multiple sites during 1998–2005 and 2006–2013, respectively. The performance of both models was evaluated using nash–sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Percent BIAS (PBIAS), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results illustrated the relatively poor performance of the SWAT model as compared with the MLP model. NSE, PBIAS, R2, and MAPE for SWAT (MLP) models during calibration ranged from the minimum of 0.81 (0.90), 3.49 (0.02), 0.80 (0.25) and 7.61 (0.01) to the maximum of 0.86 (0.99), 9.84 (0.12), 0.87 (0.99), and 15.71 (0.267), respectively. The poor performance of SWAT compared with MLP might be influenced by several factors, including the selection of sensitive parameters, selection of snow specific sensitive parameters that might not represent actual snow conditions, potential limitations of the SCS-CN method used to simulate streamflow, and lack of SWAT ability to capture the hydropeaking in Indus River sub-basins (at Shatial bridge and Bisham Qila). Based on the robust performance of the MLP model, the current study recommends to develop and assess machine learning models and merging the SWAT model with machine learning models.
Identifikation von lernfördernden Maßnahmen zur Einführung von digitalen und assistiven Technologien (DAT) in Prozesse der pflegerischen Versorgung: eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Geist Lisa , Immenschuh Ursula , Jahn Patrick , Paulicke Denny , Zilezinski Max , Buhtz Christian , Hofstetter Sebastian
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Digitale und assistive Technologien (DAT) finden Eingang in die Versorgung. Konzepte, Pflegende strukturiert an die neuen Technologien heranzuführen, fehlen. Daher macht dieser Aufsatz einen Vorschlag, Pflegefachpersonen im Umgang mit DAT anzuleiten, zu beraten und zu schulen.

Ziel

Die Arbeit fragt, wie Pflegefachpersonen einen strukturierten Ansatz der Sensibilisierung, Qualifizierung und Erprobung hinsichtlich DAT erleben und bewerten. Verändert ein transformativer Lernansatz die Bereitschaft DAT einzusetzen?

Methode

Pflegende wurden hinsichtlich DAT sensibilisiert. Pflegende wurden in der Anwendung von 2 Robotiksystemen und eines passiven Exoskeletts geschult, um diese anschließend zu erproben. Das Erleben der strukturellen Ausgestaltung des Edukationsansatzes wurde durch Interviews und durch die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz eingeschätzt.

Ergebnisse

Alle 5 Pflegefachpersonen verfügen über eine 3‑jährige Ausbildung. Zwei nehmen neben pflegerischen auch Aufgaben der Wohnbereichsleitung wahr. Das Vorgehen wird durch alle Befragten positiv bewertet. Der strukturierte Ansatz erhöht das Interesse und die Bereitschaft DAT perspektivisch in den Pflegeprozess zu integrieren. Es zeigt sich, dass die Passgenauigkeit auf pflegerelevante Probleme und die Notwendigkeit DAT durch die Arbeitgeber verfügbar zu machen entscheidend sind, um DAT praktisch einzusetzen.

Schlussfolgerung

Ein strukturiertes Konzept erhöht die Einsatzbereitschaft von DAT in der pflegerischen Versorgung. Einer mangelhaften Implementierung von DAT liegen u. a. fehlendes Wissen und fehlende Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungskonzepte zugrunde. Die angestoßene Reflexion ermöglicht es DAT auf spezifische Pflegeprobleme zu prüfen, spezielle Situationen im Versorgungsprozess zu berücksichtigen und Anwendungshürden abzubauen.
Anaphylaxis to additives in vaccines
Authors: Mahler Vera , Junker Ann-Christine
Published: June 2022

Anaphylaxis in connection with the administration of vaccines occurs only very rarely. Triggers of immunoglobulin IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis—in addition to the active ingredient itself—may be excipients contained in the vaccine due to their special properties. Some of the excipients in medicinal products are the same compounds used as additives in food. Furthermore, residues from the manufacturing process (e.g., chicken egg white, casein, antibiotics, formaldehyde) or contaminants (e.g., from the primary packaging material) may be potential triggers of anaphylaxis in vaccines. This review article provides an overview of ingredients in vaccines that pose an allergenic risk potential. The components of COVID-19 vaccines approved and marketed in Germany are discussed with regard to their potential for triggering anaphylaxis and possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
A novel feature relearning method for automatic sleep staging based on single-channel EEG
Authors: Tao Yujie , Yang Yun , Yang Po , Nan Fengtao , Zhang Yan , Rao Yulong , Du Fei
Published: June 2022

Correctly identifying sleep stages is essential for assessing sleep quality and treating sleep disorders. However, the current sleep staging methods have the following problems: (1) Manual or semi-automatic extraction of features requires professional knowledge, which is time-consuming and laborious. (2) Due to the similarity of stage features, it is necessary to strengthen the learning of features. (3) Acquisition of a variety of data has high requirements on equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel feature relearning method for automatic sleep staging based on single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) to solve these three problems. Specifically, we design a bottom–up and top–down network and use the attention mechanism to learn EEG information fully. The cascading step with an imbalanced strategy is used to further improve the overall classification performance and realize automatic sleep classification. The experimental results on the public dataset Sleep-EDF show that the proposed method is advanced. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The code and supplementary materials are available at GitHub: https://github.com/raintyj/A-novel-feature-relearning-method.
Electrochemical Proton Storage: From Fundamental Understanding to Materials to Devices
Authors: Xu Tiezhu , Wang Di , Li Zhiwei , Chen Ziyang , Zhang Jinhui , Hu Tingsong , Zhang Xiaogang , Shen Laifa
Published: June 2022

Simultaneously improving the energy density and power density of electrochemical energy storage systems is the ultimate goal of electrochemical energy storage technology. An effective strategy to achieve this goal is to take advantage of the high capacity and rapid kinetics of electrochemical proton storage to break through the power limit of batteries and the energy limit of capacitors. This article aims to review the research progress on the physicochemical properties, electrochemical performance, and reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for electrochemical proton storage. According to the different charge storage mechanisms, the surface redox, intercalation, and conversion materials are classified and introduced in detail, where the influence of crystal water and other nanostructures on the migration kinetics of protons is clarified. Several reported advanced full cell devices are summarized to promote the commercialization of electrochemical proton storage. Finally, this review provides a framework for research directions of charge storage mechanism, basic principles of material structure design, construction strategies of full cell device, and goals of practical application for electrochemical proton storage.
Surface-Alloyed Nanoporous Zinc as Reversible and Stable Anodes for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery
Authors: Meng Huan , Ran Qing , Dai Tian-Yi , Shi Hang , Zeng Shu-Pei , Zhu Yong-Fu , Wen Zi , Zhang Wei , Lang Xing-You , Zheng Wei-Tao , Jiang Qing
Published: June 2022

Metallic zinc (Zn) is one of the most attractive multivalent-metal anode materials in post-lithium batteries because of its high abundance, low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, it usually suffers from large voltage polarization, low Coulombic efficiency and high propensity for dendritic failure during Zn stripping/plating, hindering the practical application in aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal batteries (AR-ZMBs). Here we demonstrate that anionic surfactant-assisted in situ surface alloying of Cu and Zn remarkably improves Zn reversibility of 3D nanoporous Zn electrodes for potential use as high-performance AR-ZMB anode materials. As a result of the zincophilic ZnxCuy alloy shell guiding uniform Zn deposition with a zero nucleation overpotential and facilitating Zn stripping via the ZnxCuy/Zn galvanic couples, the self-supported nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn electrodes exhibit superior dendrite-free Zn stripping/plating behaviors in ambient aqueous electrolyte, with ultralow polarizations under current densities up to 50 mA cm‒2, exceptional stability for 1900 h and high Zn utilization. This enables AR-ZMB full cells constructed with nanoporous ZnxCuy/Zn anode and KzMnO2 cathode to achieve specific energy of as high as ~ 430 Wh kg‒1 with ~ 99.8% Coulombic efficiency, and retain ~ 86% after long-term cycles for > 700 h.
Hetero-Interfaces on Cu Electrode for Enhanced Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Multi-Carbon Products
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Wang Jianghao , Lv Xiangzhou , Yang Yue , Xu Yifei , Liu Qian , Wu Hao Bin
Published: June 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to multi-carbon products would simultaneously reduce CO2 emission and produce high-value chemicals. Herein, we report Cu electrodes modified by metal–organic framework (MOF) exhibiting enhanced electrocatalytic performance to convert CO2 into ethylene and ethanol. The Zr-based MOF, UiO-66 would in situ transform into amorphous ZrOx nanoparticles (a-ZrOx), constructing a-ZrOx/Cu hetero-interface as a dual-site catalyst. The Faradaic efficiency of multi-carbon (C2+) products for optimal UiO-66-coated Cu (0.5-UiO/Cu) electrode reaches a high value of 74% at − 1.05 V versus RHE. The intrinsic activity for C2+ products on 0.5-UiO/Cu electrode is about two times higher than that of Cu foil. In situ surface-enhanced Raman spectra demonstrate that UiO-66-derived a-ZrOx coating can promote the stabilization of atop-bound CO* intermediates on Cu surface during CO2 electrolysis, leading to increased CO* coverage and facilitating the C–C coupling process. The present study gives new insights into tailoring the adsorption configurations of CO2RR intermediate by designing dual-site electrocatalysts with hetero-interfaces.
Herausforderungen für die Lehrkräftefortbildung vor dem Hintergrund der digitalen Transformation – Perspektiven der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung
Authors: Bonnes Caroline , Wahl Johannes , Lachner Andreas
Published: June 2022

Angesichts der digitalen Transformation schulischer Kontexte ergeben sich neue Anforderungen an die berufliche Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften. Dies führt zu einem erhöhten Handlungsbedarf im Bereich der Lehrkräftefortbildung. Diese befindet sich als eine spezifische Form beruflicher Fortbildung an der Schnittstelle zwischen Lehrkräftebildung und Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung, so dass eine Betrachtung dieser Lernkontexte aus dieser Perspektive subdisziplinübergreifende Impulse für die Umsetzung und Gestaltung von Lehrkräftefortbildung geben kann. Im Beitrag werden daher aktuelle Herausforderungen der Lehrkräftefortbildung vor dem Hintergrund der digitalen Transformation anhand des Mehrebenensystems der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung aufgezeigt und mit Blick auf die Erkenntnisse und Konzepte der Erwachsenen- und Weiterbildung diskutiert.
Crisis, justice, and managing the appetite for risk
Authors: Rochford Francine
Published: June 2022

The phrase ‘never let a good crisis go to waste’ is often (mis)attributed to Winston Churchill. It expresses the common perception that the sentiments evoked by crisis can be used to manipulate power relations and strategically reposition influence. Although crises can arise from tangible, objectively catastrophic external events, governmental responses to crises are accompanied by processes of framing—construction, interpretation, and communication to the community subject to governance. The framing and management of crises can contribute to the expansion of regulatory scope. Moreover, the process of scaffolding regulatory legitimacy during times of crisis involves deployment and amplification of techniques of governance such as the use of data and expert knowledge, risk management, responsibilisation, and dispersal (or non-dispersal) of funds. In political systems that have adopted neoliberalist forms, these techniques of governance cascade from state-administered functions, such as policing, health, armed forces, and emergency services, to local communities, employers, and consumers. In this way we find responsibility devolved and detached from political decision-making and, more importantly, from democratic legitimacy. Dispersed governing mechanisms steer individual practices towards certain ends so that, rather than suffering the removal of the capacity for decision-making, individuals willingly abandon it. This article explores the intersection between regulation and justice and the methods of framing crises to legitimise governance actions where those actions constrain human rights and justice claims. Analysing Australian state and federal governmental and non-governmental actions during the COVID pandemic, it will use a case study method to assert that performative compliance activity is amongst the suite of sophisticated techniques to legitimise decisions made in circumstances of crisis, even when those decisions cross traditional normative boundaries, implicitly diminishing claims to legitimacy based on democratic discourse. This article will focus on two events: the decision to ‘lock down’ community housing towers, and the decision to arrest and charge with incitement a pregnant woman for starting a Facebook post to encourage breach of lockdown restrictions. Both decisions prompted expressions of concern by civil rights groups and lawyers that human rights had been breached.
Evaluation of Different Doses of the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole for the Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy and Its Effect on Villous Trophoblastic Tissue
Authors: Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Said Warda M. M. , Gad Abdalla Hassan , Sharaf ElDin Mustafa Taha Abdelfattah , Khairy Dina Ahmed , Gobran Mai Ahmed , Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Samy Walaa , Abdelsameea Ahmed Ahmed , Heraiz Ahmed Ismail
Published: June 2022

Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has recently been introduced as a favorable medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy. We aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of letrozole for termination of ectopic pregnancy and study their effects on villous trophoblastic tissue. Sixty patients with undisturbed ectopic pregnancy were classified into three equal groups. Group I: the control group that contained women who underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy, Group II: patients who received letrozole (5 mg day−1) for 10 days, and Group III: patients who received letrozole (10 mg day−1) for 10 days. Subsequently, the β-hCG levels were determined on the first day and after 11 days of treatment. Group IV consisted of patients of GII and GIII; their β-hCG did not drop below 100 mIU/ml within 11 days, and underwent salpingectomy. Placental tissues from patients undergoing salpingectomy either from the control group or GIV were processed for the evaluation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC-3) expression. Cases exposed to high dose letrozole 10 mg day−1 resulted in a higher ectopic pregnancy resolution rate of 85% (17/20), while the resolution rate of the low dose letrozole-treated group (5 mg day−1) was 65% (13/20), and also showed a significant reduction in β-hCG levels on the 11th day, 25.63 ± 4.29 compared to the low dose letrozole group 37.91 ± 7.18 (P < 0.001), Meanwhile, the letrozole-treated group GIV showed markedly reduced expression of ER, PR, and VEGF and a significant increase in the apoptotic index cleaved caspase-3 compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The utilization of letrozole at a dose of 10 mg day−1 for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy results in a high-successful rate without any severe side effects. Letrozole depriving the placenta of estrogen that had vascular supporting signals resulted in destroying the vascular network with marked apoptosis.

Graphical abstract
Music Theatre and the Holy Roman Empire
Authors: Glatthorn Austin
Published: June 2022

Packed full of new archival evidence that reveals the interconnected world of music theatre during the 'Classical era', this interdisciplinary study investigates key locations, genres, music, and musicians. Austin Glatthorn explores the extent to which the Holy Roman Empire delineated and networked a cultural entity that found expression through music for the German stage. He maps an extensive network of Central European theatres; reconstructs the repertoire they shared; and explores how print media, personal correspondence, and their dissemination shaped and regulated this music. He then investigates the development of German melodrama and examines how articulations of the Holy Roman Empire on the musical stage expressed imperial belonging. Glatthorn engages with the most recent historical interpretations of the Holy Roman Empire and offers quantitative, empirical analysis of repertoire supported by conventional close readings to illustrate a shared culture of music theatre that transcended traditional boundaries in music scholarship.
Moments of Markovian growth–collapse processes
Authors: Privault Nicolas
Published: June 2022

We apply general moment identities for Poisson stochastic integrals with random integrands to the computation of the moments of Markovian growth–collapse processes. This extends existing formulas for mean and variance available in the literature to closed-form moment expressions of all orders. In comparison with other methods based on differential equations, our approach yields explicit summations in terms of the time parameter. We also treat the case of the associated embedded chain, and provide recursive codes in Maple and Mathematica for the computation of moments and cumulants of any order with arbitrary cut-off moment sequences and jump size functions.
Decreased mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis with aspirin use: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shaikh Z , Sarkar S , Biswas R , Adhikari A , Hallur V K , Parida P K , Preetam C , Pradhan P , Samal D K , Nayak A , Chadaram S , Das K K , Chakraborty S , Sharma P , Veeti A K , Karakkandy V , Mishra A , Mittal Y , Chithambaram K S , Swarup A , Chenniappan S , Shah A
Published: June 2022

Objective

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality rates of about 60 per cent. The increasing incidence of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India and worldwide has become a matter of concern owing to the case fatality rate. This study explored the use of low dose aspirin in decreasing the mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis.

Method

This was a retrospective observational study. Patients suffering from post-coronavirus disease 2019 mucormycosis were included in the study. Each patient was treated with surgical debridement and systemic amphotericin B. Low dose aspirin was added, and mortality rates were compared with the patients who did not receive aspirin.

Results

The demographic data and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis staging between the two groups were not significantly different. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality outcomes between the two groups (p = 0.029) and a 1.77 times higher risk of dying for patients not receiving aspirin. Kaplan–Meier survival indicated that patients receiving aspirin had better survival rates (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Low dose aspirin improves survival rates in coronavirus disease 2019 associated mucormycosis.
Hallucinations as a risk marker for suicidal behaviour in individuals with a history of sexual assault: a general population study with instant replication
Authors: Yates Kathryn , Lång Ulla , Peters Evyn M. , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Boyda David , McNicholas Fiona , Cannon Mary , Alderson-Day Ben , Bloomfield Michael , Ramsay Hugh , Kelleher Ian
Published: June 2022

Background

Research has shown a strong relationship between hallucinations and suicidal behaviour in general population samples. Whether hallucinations also index suicidal behaviour risk in groups at elevated risk of suicidal behaviour, namely in individuals with a sexual assault history, remains to be seen.

Aims

We assessed whether hallucinations were markers of risk for suicidal behaviour among individuals with a sexual assault history.

Methods

Using the cross-sectional 2007 (N = 7403) and 2014 (N = 7546) Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, we assessed for an interaction between sexual assault and hallucinations in terms of the odds of suicide attempt, as well as directly comparing the prevalence of suicide attempt in individuals with a sexual assault history with v. without hallucinations.

Results

Individuals with a sexual assault history had increased odds of hallucinations and suicide attempt compared to individuals without a sexual assault history in both samples. There was a significant interaction between sexual assault and hallucinations in terms of the odds of suicide attempt. In total, 14–19% of individuals with a sexual assault history who did not report hallucinations had one or more suicide attempt. This increased to 33–52% of individuals with a sexual assault history who did report hallucinations (2007, aOR = 2.85, 1.71–4.75; 2014, aOR = 4.52, 2.78–7.35).

Conclusions

Hallucinations are a risk marker for suicide attempt even among individuals with an elevated risk of suicidal behaviour, specifically individuals with a sexual assault history. This finding highlights the clinical significance of hallucinations with regard to suicidal behaviour risk, even among high-risk populations.
ESTIMATION OF A HIGH-DIMENSIONAL COUNTING PROCESS WITHOUT PENALTY FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY EVENTS
Authors: Mucciante Luca , Sancetta Alessio
Published: June 2022

This paper introduces a counting process for event arrivals in high-frequency trading, based on high-dimensional covariates. The novelty is that, under sparsity conditions on the true model, we do not need to impose any model penalty or parameters shrinkage, unlike Lasso. The procedure allows us to derive a central limit theorem to test restrictions in a two-stage estimator. We achieve this by the use of a sign constraint on the intensity which necessarily needs to be positive. In particular, we introduce an additive model to extract the nonlinear impact of order book variables on buy and sell trade arrivals. In the empirical application, we show that the shape and dynamics of the order book are fundamental in determining the arrival of buy and sell trades in the crude oil futures market. We establish our empirical results mapping the covariates into a higher-dimensional space. Consistently with the theoretical results, the estimated models are sparse in the number of parameters. Using this approach, we are also able to compare competing model hypotheses on the basis of an out-of-sample likelihood ratio type of test.
Rules and exceptions: A Tolerance Principle account of the possessive suffix in Northern East Cree
Authors: HENKE Ryan E.
Published: June 2022

Debate around inflectional morphology in language acquisition has contrasted various rule- versus analogy-based approaches. This paper tests the rule-based Tolerance Principle (TP) against a new type of pattern in the acquisition of the possessive suffix -im in Northern East Cree. When possessed, each noun type either requires or disallows the suffix, which has a complex distribution throughout the lexicon. Using naturalistic video data from one adult and two children – Ani (2;01–4;03) and Daisy (3;08–5;10) – this paper presents two studies. Study 1 applies the TP to the input to extrapolate two possible sets of nested rules for -im and make predictions for child speech. Study 2 tests these predictions and finds that each child’s production of possessives over time is largely consistent with the predictions of the TP. This paper finds the TP can account for the acquisition of the possessive suffix and discusses implications for language science and Cree language communities.
FRANK PLUMPTON RAMSEY AND THE POLITICS OF MOTHERHOOD
Authors: Marouzi Soroush
Published: June 2022

This paper is an attempt to historicize Frank Plumpton Ramsey’s Apostle talks delivered from 1923 to 1925 within the social and political context of the time. In his talks, Ramsey discusses socialism, psychoanalysis, and feminism. Ramsey’s views on these three intellectual movements were interconnected, and they all contributed to his take on the policy debates occurring then on the role of women in economy. Drawing on archival materials, biographical facts, and the historiographical literature on the early interwar politics of motherhood, I show that Ramsey held a positive view of the feminist campaign for family endowment. He demanded government financial support for motherhood in recognition of the economic significance of women’s domestic works, which, as such, could bring economic independence to them. In addition, he found such an economic scheme compatible with the kind of maternalism endorsed by Freudian psychoanalysis—his favorite theory of psychology.
COMBINED COUNT OF REAL RATIONAL CURVES OF CANONICAL DEGREE 2 ON REAL DEL PEZZO SURFACES WITH
Authors: Finashin S. , Kharlamov V.
Published: June 2022

We propose two systems of “intrinsic” weights for counting such curves. In both cases the result acquires an exceptionally strong invariance property: it does not depend on the choice of a surface. One of our counts includes all divisor classes of canonical degree 2 and gives in total 30. The other one excludes the class
$-2K$
, but adds up the results of counting for a pair of real structures that differ by Bertini involution. This count gives 96.
Alcohol Consumption Levels and Health Care Utilization in Germany
Authors: Carr Sinclair , Lindemann Christina , Kraus Ludwig , Rehm Jürgen , Schulte Bernd , Manthey Jakob
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Aims: Due to large inconsistencies in previous studies, it remains unclear how alcohol use is related to health care utilization. The aim of this study was to examine associations between alcohol drinking status with utilization of outpatient and inpatient health care services in Germany. Methodology: Survey data of the GEDA 2014/2015-EHIS study with n = 23,561 German adults were analyzed (response rate: 27 %). Respondents were categorized as lifetime abstainers, former drinkers, and non-weekly drinkers, as well as weekly low-risk drinkers and risky drinkers. Outpatient services included GP, specialist, and hospital visits; inpatient services included hospital overnight stays in the last 12 months. For both settings, binary logistic regression models were applied, adjusted for possible confounders. Results: For specialist visits, elevated odds were found among former drinkers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.50-2.49), non-weekly drinkers (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.47), weekly low-risk drinkers (OR = 1.39, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.67), and risky drinkers (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.57) compared to lifetime abstainers. In contrast, lower odds for inpatient service use were found among non-weekly drinkers (OR = 0.76, 95 % CI = 0.62-0.93), low-risk drinkers (OR = 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.53-0.81), and risky drinkers (OR = 0.65, 95 % CI = 0.51-0.84). No differences were observed for GP and outpatient hospital visits. Conclusions: While the increased odds of consulting a specialist are consistent with higher health care needs among former and current drinkers, the lower use of inpatient care among current drinkers is contrary to known health risks associated with alcohol consumption and evidence from hospitalized populations. The findings also highlight the need to differentiate between lifetime abstainers and former drinkers in their use of health services.
Effekte von Maßnahmen des Spielerschutzes beim Online-Glücksspiel
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Kalke Jens
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Mit zunehmender Popularität internetbasierter Glücksspielangebote stellt sich die Frage nach Präventionsmaßnahmen, um den mit diesem Trend einhergehenden Suchtgefahren effektiv zu begegnen. Ziel dieser Überblicksarbeit ist es, empirische Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit von Maßnahmen des Spielerschutzes beim Online-Glücksspiel zusammenzutragen und wissenschaftlich zu bewerten. Methodik: Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in sechs elektronischen Datenbanken einschließlich einer flankierenden Handsuche nach relevanten Evaluationsstudien, die in den letzten 12 Jahren (bis Ende 2020) publiziert wurden. Insgesamt erfüllten 22 Originalartikel die vorliegenden Einschlusskriterien. Ergebnisse: Die 22 Primärstudien liefern Information zur Wirksamkeit von 26 Einzelmaßnahmen. Dabei beziehen sich die meisten empirischen Befunde auf das personalisierte Feedback (8), Pre-Commitment-Systeme (7) und die Selbstsperre (6). Von diesen Interventionstypen sind Positivwirkungen im Sinne der Suchtprävention zu erwarten. Allerdings schränken geringe Nutzungsraten (v. a. bei freiwilliger Limitsetzung), mäßige Effektgrößen und weitestgehend fehlende Befunde zur Effektnachhaltigkeit die Aussagekraft der Studien ein. Schlussfolgerungen: Ausgehend vom derzeitigen Wissensstand werden Empfehlungen für eine Optimierung des Spielerschutzes beim Online-Glücksspiel sowie zu priorisierende Forschungsbedarfe benannt.
A Review of Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty Applications Using Green Infrastructure for Flood Management
Authors: Webber Marissa K. , Samaras Constantine
Published: June 2022

Decision making under deep uncertainty (DMDU) approaches are well‐suited for making decisions about infrastructure to manage flooding exacerbated by climate change. One important system for climate resilience and flood management is green infrastructure, which refers to a network of natural and semi‐engineered areas that provides ecosystem functions. Green infrastructure is often characterized as a low‐regret strategy with multiple co‐benefits under uncertainty. These attributes enable green infrastructure to be an important adaptation strategy under DMDU frameworks for flood management. However, DMDU analyses that include green infrastructure are still relatively limited, perhaps due to computational or modeling complexity and other barriers. This paper identifies and reviews publications in the flood management literature that use DMDU frameworks and refer to green infrastructure adaptation strategies, in order to identify trends and inform future research. The reviewed publications are categorized according to a variety of performance metrics, climate change scenarios, DMDU metrics, and hydrologic modeling techniques, and represent several adaptation strategies applied to case studies on five continents using a range of data sources and assumptions. This paper highlights a number of solutions that can be employed to facilitate additional research at the intersection of these fields. Primary among these is the transparent documentation and use of open source models, methods, and data. Future research should also focus on communication among different stakeholders, particularly in ensuring definitions, assumptions, and data requirements are clear. These partnerships can facilitate effective application of robust strategies such as green infrastructure for urban adaptation to the effects of climate change.
Characteristics of the Quasi‐Periodic Outbreaks of Deep Convection During Tropical Cyclone Genesis
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Fang Juan , Yu Zifeng
Published: June 2022

Nineteen years of high resolution infrared brightness temperature data are adopted to investigate the characteristics of deep convective activities during the genesis and early evolution of tropical cyclones (TC) in the Northwest Pacific. It is found that quasi‐periodic outbreaks of deep convection are common during TC genesis regardless of the large‐scale flow pattern or the magnitude of wind shear. Spatially, deep convection concentrates within 3° of the disturbance center at peak time (when convection is active), and will shrink in coverage and become scattered at trough time (when convection is inactive). At the decay stage deep convection in the central area tends to weaken first. Among the quasi‐periodic cycles of deep convection, quasi‐diurnal cycles are the most distinct feature, followed by cycles with periods of 10–18 hr. The quasi‐diurnal cycles with an early morning peak only account for less than 50%. Statistically the amplitude of deep convection cycles will decrease a bit under shear greater than 9 m⋅s−1, and period length in the range of 12–28 hr decreases slowly with the increase in wind shear and will rise slightly when shear is greater than 9 m⋅s−1. Besides, genesis does not necessarily occur at the peak time of coverage in deep convection, and the oscillatory feature is not an effective indicator of genesis acceleration.