bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la collaboration coloniale : fortune des missions catholiques françaises en Birmanie, 1856-1918
Authors: Candier Aurore
Published: December 2013

In 1856 despite Anglo-French rivalry, priests from the Missions étrangères de Paris settled in Burma, the South of which had been conquered by the British. At first, the two local administrations complemented one another : the British stayed in the towns, allowing the missionaries to do as they wished in the country. The Missions benefitted from the Government 's religious neutrality, from improved security and better infrastructure thanks to the Pax Britannica which extented to the North, after Burma was annexed to India in 1886. The customary cooperation between colonizers and missionaries was not based on nationality but on a shared conception of civilization : teaching became the missionaries' essential activity. However, in 1904-1907, a growing lack of available land combined with the first nationalist movements urged the missionaries to seule in the towns. At that time, the British reformed their educational policy. The missionaries had to adapt their methods to Victorian standards in order to serve the imperial ideology. WWI enhanced this trend and justified the alliance between the British and the missionaries while economic and social problems increased.
Grégoire et l'unité de l'espèce humaine
Authors: Thomson Ann
Published: December 2013

L'unité de l'espèce humaine, principe fortement souligné dans l'œuvre de Grégoire, et qui sous-tend son combat contre l'esclavage, est une croyance a priori, fondée sur la religion. Mais il fait appel à de nombreuses autorités scientifiques pour appuyer son point de vue. Cet article s'attache d'abord à situer ses arguments dans le contexte des débats politiques et scientifiques de l'époque et ensuite à examiner les auteurs auxquels il fait appel, et les cibles de ses attaques. Les implications de sa prise de position sont ainsi mises en lumière.
Grégoire et Haïti : un héritage compliqué
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: December 2013

Cet article met en lumière l'ambiguïté de l'héritage international de la Révolution française, en examinant de près les relations de Grégoire avec les dirigeants de la jeune République d'Haïti, notamment sous la Restauration. Il fut d'abord acclamé par les élites haïtiennes comme leur seul ami européen et ils adoptèrent la « régénération » comme slogan pour le développement national, puis les relations de Grégoire avec les dirigeants haïtiens furent plus compliquées qu'il ne paraissait. Cet article montre que l'universalisme de Grégoire pouvait aussi bien aider à l'idée d'une libération nationale que servir de fondements intellectuels à la « mission civilisatrice » qui sera au cœur du colonialisme moderne.
De l'immigration des maronites en Algérie : un aspect de la politique française à l'égard des communautés chrétiennes de Syrie entre 1848 et 1870
Authors: Arboit Gérald
Published: December 2013

The maronite immigration plan in Algeria was the resuit of a simple analysis : first, colonisation in Algeria sloived down ; secondly, Syrian christians were victims of muslim fanatism. Generally the fact of publicists and lebanese religious, this solution found the support of the War Ministry, in charge of Algeria. But, the Foreign Office opposed itself with firmness, objecting that it threatened French rank in Machriq. Besides, French diplomats estimated the solution of the Lebanese Christian problem was to be found in Lebanon.
Deux figures de l'administration coloniale en Tunisie à la fin du protectorat : Bardin et Nullet (1946-1956)
Authors: Mouilleau Elizabeth
Published: December 2013

Nous présentons dans cet article deux figures antinomiques des contrôles civils en Tunisie à la fin du protectorat : Pierre Bardin et Emile Nullet à partir d'archives orales et personnelles.

Le premier incarne l'homme du bled. C'est un homme d'études et de terrain. Sa carrière est vouée à l'amélioration des conditions de vie des populations tunisiennes. Il met en place dans le cadre du paysannat un programme de coopératives pour les fellahs et se retrouve en porte-à-faux entre le monde indigène et les gros colons qui le critiquent.

La deuxième figure est celle d'un fonctionnaire colonial sans état d'âme. Colonial avant tout, Nullet mettra son expérience et sa science de la répression au service du protectorat. Nos deux contrôleurs représentent deux tendances qui ont prévalu dans les contrôles civils à la fin du protectorat.
La compétitivité des productions indochinoises et les plans de mise en valeur
Authors: Giacometti Jean-Dominique
Published: December 2013

The question of the competitiveness of Indochinese products is not addressed in research. It is nevertheless an issue of first importance in most of the questions concerning imperialism, considering that access to markets — domestic, international or metropolitan — depends on competitiveness and so do the institutions of domination. The competitiveness of Indochinese products was infact rather poor, with prices higher thon the international market, inferior quality and products which were not adapted to French industrial tools. All the sources, qualitative and quantitative substantiate these points. A direct effect ofthe lack of competitiveness of Indochinese products can befound in the inability ofthe colonial milieux to draw a plan for their leitmotiv, the 'Mise en valeur'. Farfrom being coherent, proposed unanimously, and based on economic interest, the projects of 'Mise en valeur' were diverse and tried desperately tofind solutions to the lack of competitiveness. It is little wonder then that no plan was ever adopted and implemented, when the plans proposed involved the meddling of the State in the economy, the enforcement ofthe use of colonial products by French industry and there was an absence of co-ordination among the colonials themselves. The lack of competitiveness of Indochinese products seems to be a key to interprétation ofmany economic but also political issues.
La crise de la banane à la Martinique en 1998 : un révélateur de la aise d'un système social et économique ?
Authors: Duplan Soléane
Published: December 2013

L'étude d'une grève des ouvriers de la banane à la Martinique met en évidence, dans une même unité de temps et d'espace, tous les enjeux de la société antillaise actuelle. La période esclavagiste, lointaine et néanmoins fondatrice des mentalités antillaises, donne à l'histoire économique et sociale des Antilles un aspect cyclique, renforcé depuis la départementalisation. Depuis 1946, le pari d'une nouvelle gestion du quotidien engageant un numéro d'équilibriste entre les manifestations paternalistes - atténuées mais pérennes - et celles dites maternalistes - officialisées - est remis en cause à nombre de reprises par des mouvements sociaux difficiles à résoudre. Dans un tel contexte où le passé tient une place prépondérante, tout développement relève d'un défi ardu dans la mesure où les productions encouragées comme la banane font l'objet de réglementations internationales libérales, peu empreintes à prendre en compte des considérations post-coloniales.
La collection de maquettes du fonds amiral Paris (1806-1893) au Musée national de la Marine : l'exemple des bateaux de l'Inde et du Sri-Lanka
Authors: Rieth Eric
Published: December 2013

Between the years 1826 and 1840, the admirai Paris (1806-1803) participated in three campaigns of circumnavigation in the course of which he collected many ethnographical evidences on the " extra-european " nautical traditions. Appointed in 1871 curator of the naval museum at the Louvre, he had built a collection of models, using his plans and drawings. The example of boats and ships from India and Sri Lanka gives the possibility to restitute the origin of this exceptional collection of models preserved now in the National maritime museum at Chaillot.
Les manifestations de rappelés contre la guerre d'Algérie. Contestation et obéissance. 1955-1956
Authors: Quemeneur Tramor
Published: December 2013

En août 1955 et avril 1956, alors que commence la guerre d'Algérie, le gouvernement français maintient sous les drapeaux des appelés du contingent, et en rappelle d'autres déjà renvoyés dans leurs foyers. Au moment des départs, de nombreuses manifestations se produisent et nous évoquent celles qui ont émaillé la mobilisation de juillet — août 1914. On les a souvent expliquées par la seule propagande communiste, alors que la population civile soutient ce mouvement sans toutefois le provoquer. Déplus, le comportement des soldats varie selon qu'ils reçoivent ou non un soutien de la population civile. Dans le premier cas, les violences sont souvent absentes, au contraire du second. Au final, presque tous les rappelés partent en Algérie, en intégrant une attitude originale d'obéissance et de contestation.
Maroonage and its legacy in Mauritius and in the colonial plantation world
Authors: Allen Richard B.
Published: December 2013

Studies of fugitive slaves have frequently failed to ask important questions about maroonage, and especially about the extent to which and why maroon activity changea through time. Similar problems characterize much of the work on the " new system of slavery " that developed during the nineteenth century as indentured laborers from India and Asia replaced slaves asfield hands in much of the colonial plantation world. The Mauritian case study allows us to look beyond the scholarly preoccupation with the legal and quasi-legal dimensions of labor control and résistance in colonial plantation Systems and examine the nature and dynamics of illegal absence, desertion, and vagrancy in a more comprehensive framework.
Les relations entre les Petites Antilles françaises et Haïti, de la politique du refoulement à la résignation, 1804-1825
Authors: Elisabeth Léo
Published: December 2013

A première vue, la Révolution haïtienne semble avoir provoqué une rupture totale et permanente avec les Petites Antilles françaises. Les grands colons craignent la subversion mais ne recherchent pas une reconquête qui pourrait les ruiner. Libres ou esclaves, les gens de couleur admirent cette Révolution haïtienne et en espèrent une amélioration de leur sort, mais leurs regards se tournent aussi vers l'Europe et, au lieu de l'indépendance, ils réclament le droit commun, l'assimilation. N'exagérons pas l'action subversive des gouvernements d'Haïti. Les interférences avec la révolte des colonies espagnoles sont nettes mais ne peuvent être dissociées de la politique des Etats-Unis et de l'Angleterre. Au-delà des craintes, des conflits, et surtout des fantasmes, venus souvent de Saint-Thomas, nous pouvons déceler les traces d'une politique réaliste entre Haïti et les colonies françaises des Petites Antilles entravée par le lien établi entre les réformes et la reconnaissance de l'indépendance.
L'indépendance d'Haïti perceptions aux États-Unis, 1804-1864
Authors: Léonard Rose-Mie
Published: December 2013

The end of slavery and the recognition of the Haitian independence constituted in the nineteenth century one the major political issues for the colonial powers of the time. These issues helped to determine the future of the first two free and independent countries in the Americas : Haiti and the U.S. While the U.S. became a strong and respected state, acknowledged by the international community of nations, Haiti became a pariah state, isolated, disdained, weak. The relations between the two countries from 1804 to 1864 were conditioned by this essential reality. In the perceptions of American officials, Haiti was nothing less than a country of savages to be subdued and ignored. But there were white abolitionists who defended this new black state in the negotiations over Haitiano-American relations. In the perception of black Americans, Haiti served as a symbol of the liberation of a country from slavery, as a political asylum, and as a source of political inspiration. But this perception was shared by the blacks of the Atlantic world. Thus from 1807 to 1861, this triple reference manifested itself for at least some blacks of North America by emigration to Haiti whether prompted by the Haitian government or caused by the separate initiative of American blacks themselves.
Commerçants et colons français au Tonkin, les pionniers oubliés de la colonisation
Authors: Villemagne Claire
Published: December 2013

Parmi les Français du Tonkin à la fin du XIXe siècle, les commerçants sont absents des recherches historiques. Pourtant, le commerce a été une légitimation de la conquête. Les premiers commerçants sont arrivés avec la flotte de Jean Dupuis, explorateur du fleuve Rouge. Leurs activités sont variées : commerce en tout genre, gestion de concessions diverses, début de l'industrie... Les premiers temps sont difficiles : la concurrence est rude avec les Chinois, les Anglais et les Allemands ; et le Tonkin est loin d'être pacifié. Pourtout certains réussissent rapidement et prétendent tenir leur rang dans la toute jeune colonie. Il s'agit de trouver sa place entre missionnaires, marins et fonctionnaires. Le groupe des négociants est très minoritaire. Son émergence sur la scène du pouvoir se fait par étapes : jouer des querelles entre l'Administration et la Marine, s'approprier des événements de la vie de la colonie, se constituer en Chambre de Commerce et en Chambre d'Agriculture, participer à la vie municipale...
Le pétainisme sans Pétain. Révolution nationale et contrôle social en AOF- 1940-1943
Authors: Ramognino Pierre
Published: December 2013

A la suite d'une brillante carrière dans l'administration coloniale, le gouverneur général Pierre Boisson, ancien combattant et mutilé de la Première Guerre mondiale, dirige l'Afrique Occidentale Française de juin 1940 à juin 1943. Rallié au gouvernement de l'Armistice qui lui a offert le poste de haut-commissaire à l'Afrique française par un décret du 25 juin 1940, il s'illustre en repoussant la tentative du général de Gaulle de débarquer à Dakar en septembre 1940. Devenu un héros du régime de Vichy, Pierre Boisson applique méthodiquement la Révolution Nationale. Ce pétainisme sans Pétain se caractérise en AOF par un intense culte du chef, par une organisation unique — la Légion des combattants — unifiant tous les partisans du régime, par un contrôle systématique de l'opinion, notamment par le contrôle postal, par l'établissement d'une police politique et une épuration sans doute complète de l'administration. Si la législation antisémite et anticommuniste est les plus nombreuses victimes de la répression en AOF sont les gaullistes, les Francs-maçons et les résistants africains.
Les politiques de la jeunesse et des sports du régime de Vichy à la Réunion : 1940-1942
Authors: Combeau-Mari Evelyne
Published: December 2013

L'empire français se présente comme un espace géographique et stratégique de première importance dans le contexte historique particulier des années 1940-1944. Échappant à l'occupation allemande et à ses effets dans la vie sociale, les îles françaises du Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien apparaissent comme un ensemble de bases et dépositions dans le conflit mondial. Dans l'histoire du gouvernement de Vichy, l'article rappelle tout d'abord les rythmes singuliers d'une histoire coloniale. Maintenue dans le giron vichyste en 1940, La Réunion est libérée par les troupes françaises (F.F.L.) en novembre 1942. De 1940 à 1942, l'un des axes fondamental de la " révolution nationale " à La Réunion concerne la politique de contrôle de la jeunesse. Au regard de quelques indicateurs, notre analyse s'attache à la réalité et aux effets de cette politique dans la colonie.
Caravanes du Sahara
Authors: Clanet Jean-Charles
Published: December 2013

In all the sub-Saharan countries, remains an important caravan traffic. Sub-regional atfirst, which takes care of the products that the breeders and the farmers exchange between them, but also international, between the Sahel — to the Mediterranean countries for animals on foot. As for half a century trucks insure the biggest part of the saharian exchanges, abandoning in the caravans only goods to the narrow markets. The caravans of cattle, exported on foot, remain the only means to sell in a lucrative way animals. Indeed dromedaries are too voluminous to be profitable transported in vehicle ; but on the other hand, its can cross the desert areas when they are escorted as it is advisable. It is partially for it that the caravans of camels of butcher's continue, from States as Chad, tofeed regularly the markets of the Libyan South. The breeders camel drivers who organize these expeditions find in North Africa the only means to sell the products of their breedings, the meat of dromedary being only little consumed in their country. These caravans of animals update exchanges which have never stopped since the highest antiquity, because they follow tracks crossed since millenniums. This shape of business mixes, with profit, traditional fashions of routing and very current forms to trade. While at first it is about initiatives appropriate for the pastoral communities of the desert borders of the States of Central Sahel, while they organize with tiny means, the capitalization and the acquired profits pas s in transit in fine, by effective banking networks and short-term reinvestments, sensibly taking advantage différences in price of diverse goods existing between several states, to trade in a very profitable way.
Des montagnes de l'Aurès à la colline de Chaillot, l'itinéraire de Thérèse Rivière
Authors: Grognet Fabrice , de Lataillade Mathilde
Published: December 2013

Résumé : L'ethnologie française a connu sa phase de professionnalisation dans les années trente sous l'impulsion de quelques chercheurs reconnus comme Marcel Mauss et Paul Rivet. L'anthropologue de cabinet laisse alors place à l'ethnologue de terrain. Dans un contexte colonial, le chercheur s'évertue à collecter des objets qui servent de témoins de l'existence de ces cultures sur le point de se transformer sous l'influence occidentale. La collection dûment documentée vient compléter les collections conservées au Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro, seule institution scientifique et publique de la France coloniale. De cette période de pionniers, seules quelques figures emblématiques sont passées à la postérité. D'autres, à l'image de Thérèse Rivière, sont restées dans l'anonymat, sans avoir pourtant démérité, comme le prouve sa première mission de terrain en Algérie, en compagnie de Germaine Tillion et Jacques Faublée.
Réseaux d'influences et stratégie coloniale. Le cas des marchands de soie lyonnais en mer de Chine (1843-1906)
Authors: Klein Jean-François
Published: December 2013

This article highlights the utility of the study of business networks in bettering the understanding of the colonial experience. The author uses the case study of the Lyon silk merchants and financiers who created networks destined to better compete with their British counterparts on the Asian markets. Their initial goal was to buïld an integrated System that went from a depot bank to the installation of vast communication and transportation networks in Southeast France in order to link up Lyon and Shanghai. These Liberals, strongly influenced by the philosophy of Saint-Simon, would, little by little, turn their attention to the Tonkin, planning to transform it into the necessary spring board in the conquest of Southwest China markets. To achieve their goals, these businessmen, anchored in a liberal tradition of the Centre Left, would create numerous political des with the republican Opportunists. In so doing, they created the base of what would later be known as the Colonial Party. The author brings out what he calls the linocracy, in other words, " the power of networks ".
Stratégie dilatoire ou technique d'obstruction ? Alfred de Cormont, évêque de la Martinique, face à la Séparation
Authors: Delisle Philippe
Published: December 2013

Alfred de Cormont, évêque de la Martinique depuis 1899, manifeste rapidement la volonté de ne pas céder de terrain face aux anticléricaux. Doté d'une solide formation juridique, il prend la tête de la résistance à la Séparation dans les « vieilles colonies ». Il adresse, dès le début de l'année 1906, un mémoire au Conseil d'État, pour obtenir un délai supplémentaire. Sur place, il fait obstruction à toute évolution. Lors de l'application de la loi de Séparation aux Antilles, en 1911, il laisse d'ailleurs éclater son mécontentement. Reste à s'interroger sur ses objectifs. Le prélat pensait peut-être pouvoir négocie une application édulcorée de la loi de Séparation, suivant le schéma algérien...
"A man of principle " : the life-history of an early kenyan indian settler (1892-1988)
Authors: Kassam Aneesa
Published: December 2013

Abstract : This article reconnu the story of a how a young Indian born into an Ismaili family of relatively modest means in Gujarat in northwest India settled in Kenya in the early part of the twentieth century and rose to become a successful merchant and respected member of the Kenyan Indian community. It portrays the struggles that he undertook with other members of the Indian community against colonial policies of racial discrimination and political marginalisation and shows some of the unintended consequences of these actions for the group in the post-colonial period. It uses Jean-Paul' s Sartre' s notions of'project' and 'situation' to analyse the life-history. Through the application of Sartre 's idea of 'dialectical totalisation', the article attempts to capture some of the historical processes taking place during the period in question at four interconnected levels : individual, communal, régional and global.
Opportunités et contraintes du commerce colonial dans l'Atlantique français au XVIIIe siècle : le cas de la maison Gradis de Bordeaux
Authors: Marzagalli Sylvia
Published: December 2013

Abstract : This paper deals with the strategies that the Gradis family - a prominent Jewish merchant firm of Bordeaux - adopted in the 18th century to cope with expanding Atlantic trade. In doing so, it illustrates the opportunities that the Atlantic World offered to an important merchant house. The increasing participation in colonial and Atlantic trade throughout the century allowed for the Gradis' spectacular rise to prominence. Colonial trade and commets with the French government to provide provisions and money to colonial authorities progressively became the bulk of the firm' s business. Whereas the Gradis family managed over the greater part of the century to adapt to the alternating conditions of peace and wartime trade across the Atlantic, their merchant house was ultimately faced with the intrinsic limitations of the French empire. A consistent part of their capital zvas invested in West Indian and thus heavily affected by the Haitian revolution. During the French Wars, the firm paid the price for its choice to concentrate its business increasingly zvithin the French empire instead of exploiting all the opportunities of a wider AtlanticWorld.
Rois et reines d'Hawaï : les transformations de l'image de la monarchie
Authors: Huetz de Lemps Christian
Published: December 2013

During the 19th century, Hawaii kings' and queens' images have changed much, either in the eyes of native Hawaiians or for foreigners whose economical and political weight have so much increased during the period. Hawaiian sovereigns have been during the first half of the century the engine for a deep transformation in religion, politics and society, and for their part in the "progress", they have been applauded then. But, from the 1850's, royalty became more and more obsolete in the opinion of the Americans living in Hawaii ; on the contrary, for the native hawaiians, it embodied their political and cultural identity in front of american expansion.
Le pouvoir et les imaginaires politiques en Polynésie française. Symboliques du pouvoir et représentations politiques d'un leader polynésien : Gaston Flosse
Authors: Bessard Rudy
Published: December 2013

Le leader politique mobilise des ressources à la fois matérielles et symboliques pour obtenir et conserver le pouvoir. Les images « politiques » traduisent des ressources symboliques du pouvoir. Toutefois, les représentions mentales, c'est-à-dire les imaginaires politiques de la population et de ceux qui consentent à la domination du leader, déforment et transforment ces images émises par le leader polynésien. Ainsi, en Polynésie française, Gaston Flosse produit des images, par les vecteurs du parti politique et par l'accumulation de ressources médiatiques, dont nous examinons la portée symbolique. Cependant, les imaginaires politiques mettent en exergue un mode spécifique d'exercice du pouvoir : il s'agit d'une gouvernementalité, du « ventre » et de la « peur ». Par conséquent, ces imaginaires fluctuent et ont notamment abouti en Polynésie française à la réinvention des images du pouvoir.
Le processus de décolonisation en Afrique noire au prisme des des administrateurs de la France d'Outre-mer.
Authors: Simonis Francis
Published: December 2013

Abstract : The rapid process of decolonization forced French overseas administrators to adapt themselves to changes they weren't always ready to accept. Raymond Gauthereau's novel, Survivants (= survivors), shows what the situation was through the example of the Oubangui Chari Colony. For a long time, the administrators' lot was in the hand of local elected représentatives. This clearly appears in the case of French Sudan (today Mali). For many Europeans, African governments were seen as being about to put their countries in a vicious circle of violence and repression. Thus, it was feeling a great disappointment that most French colonial officers transmitted leadership to their African successors, who were suspected of being incompetent.
Sur l'indépendance : cinquante ans de littérature subsaharienne en langue française.
Authors: Chemain Roger
Published: December 2013

Résumé : "Les indépendances" susceptibles de faire naître de grands espoirs, si des "résistances" restent à vaincre, en littérature une créativité généreuse se constitue un public proche et élargi. Une forme d'affranchissement comprend une réadaptation de la contestation politique et sociale. La persistance d'un humour insidieux et corrosif s'accompagne d'une libération de l'imaginaire - jamais gratuit. La littérature évolue en donnant à voir, à sentir, à rire, à imaginer, pour mieux être en prise sur le quotidien. La prise de conscience d'une diversité, ruptures et violences se greffent sur un désir d'entente profondément éprouvé. Les deux dernières décennies accusent ces tensions. Durant l'époque concernée, les circonstances voient l'émergence d'écrivains-femmes. Une critique littéraire spécifique se constitue. En des temps où les historiens reconnaissent à la littérature un intérêt, celui de combler les vides de l'Histoire, la fiction narrative peut contribuer à une perception plus complète et plus fine des faits. Les littératures subsahariennes permettent alors de régénérer, de revitaliser la pensée de notre temps.
Institutrices françaises à Madagascar (1896-1939)
Authors: DUTEIL Simon
Published: December 2013

Simon DUTEIL : Enseignantes françaises à Madagascar (1896-1939).

Cette contribution s'inscrit dans un travail de thèse concernant les enseignants français partis travailler dans l'empire colonial, de la fin du XIXe siècle aux indépendances. En ce qui concerne leur présence physique "aux colonies" l'étude de ce corps enseignant porte plus précisément sur Madagascar.

Fonctionnaires détachés au ministère des colonies, parfois embauchés directement par le gouvernement colonial, ces enseignants représentent fortement la "mission civilisatrice" justifiant la domination coloniale. À la fois membre de la société coloniale et travaillant en direction d'une frange de la population malgache, ils ont un positionnement atypique, réfléchissant directement, en tant que groupe social, à la domination coloniale, aux relations aux populations colonisées.

Après avoir défini le corps enseignant français à Madagascar dans sa composition sociale et culturelle, ainsi que dans son action coloniale, cette contribution se propose de travailler sur les enjeux, les réalités, des enseignantes en essayant de cerner les spécificités de genre. Cette contribution utilisera notamment les méthodes prosopographiques sur ce groupe qui peut être défini comme : les femmes de nationalités françaises travaillant pour le service de l'enseignement officiel de Madagascar.

Plus précisément plusieurs points seront l'objet d'une étude de genre : les motivations au départ colonial, la réalité du travail, la participation à l'action corporative, la participation à la société "européenne", les considérations sur le colonialisme, sur les "colonisées" et les relations à la métropole.
A Study of Injection Moulding Optimum Parameters to Control Shrinkage and Warpage of Polypropylene-Nanoclay Hinges Samples
Authors: Wan Muhammad Wan Nur Azrina , Othman Mohd Hilmi , Hasan Sulaiman , Ruslee Muhammad Faiz
Published: December 2013

Injection moulding is one of the most efficient processes in mass production that can easily attain up to complex geometry product within a very short cycle time. To choose a suitable setting of parameter was very crucial, in controlling the quality of product with regard to their function. The main propose of this research is to optimize the injection moulding parameter for controlling the shrinkage and warpage of thermoplastics sample through practical injection moulding. The additional study for this project is to investigate the effect of nanoclay contents towards the parameter setting. In this experiment, the selected parameters were packing pressure; melt temperature, screw speed and filling time. The material that was selected for this project was a mixture of polypropylene and nanoclay with the addition of polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride as the compatibilizer. Three formulations were chosen, which was 0 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% of Nanoclay. Each formulation was added with 15 wt% of compatibilizer. The experiment design for this project shall adopt the L943 Orthogonal Array of Taguchi Method. By using the Signal to Noise Ratio responses, the optimum parameter for each formulation has been obtained. The findings of this experiment shall be useful for future manufacturing process in order to control shrinkage and warpage specifically for products made from polypropylene-nanoclay.
Design of Ultrasonic Compaction Tool for Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Daud Yusof , Raman N.A. , Aziz S.A. , Jamaludin K.R.
Published: December 2013

The current study is presented into the investigation of the application of ultrasonic vibration on the lower punch during compaction process of powder metallurgy material. The lower punch is specifically designed of ultrasonic horn which has been tuned at frequency of 20 kHz and vibrates in longitudinal mode. Finite Element modeling was used to assist the design process of the lower punch or horn. The horn was fabricated using high grade aluminium alloy and mounted onto the ultrasonic system test rig and subsequently tested prior the experimental process begins. Various static and ultrasonic compaction procedures have been carried out to confirm the capability of the tool to operate. The compaction force was reduced significantly at the onset of ultrasonic vibration applied compared to without ultrasonic.
Life Cycle Assessment of Palm Oil Biodiesel Production in Malaysia
Authors: Mohammadi Ashnani Mohammad Hossein , Johari Anwar , Hashim Haslenda , Hasani Elham
Published: December 2013

Almost identical properties with petroleum-derived diesel make biodiesel one of the best options of renewable and sustainable fuel supply to the transportation sector. Thanks to plentiful sources of palm oil and reasonable cost, it can be a proper feedstock for biodiesel production in Malaysia. Still, there is a paucity of studies concerning the effects of palm biodiesel on the environment. This paper, therefore, deals with life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm biodiesel to find out and validate the common belief regarding suitability of palm biodiesel as a green and sustainable fuel. The LCA study was conducted through three main stages including agricultural activities, oil milling, and transesterification process of biodiesel production. Palm oil biodiesel production results in the production of 1627.748kgCO2-eq of GHG and energy consumption of 12449.48MJ per ton PME. The results indicate that the most relevant environmental impact of this biofuel system is depletion of fossil resources.
Permeability Number for Various Grain Size of Tin Mine Tailing Sand for Greensand Casting Mould
Authors: Abdullah Azhar , Abdullah R. , Shariff S.K.E. , Haliza N.
Published: December 2013

Tin tailing sand is one of the residues from tin extraction. Tailing sand for sampling was taken from Batu Gajah, which was one of the active locations in tin mining in Malaysia. The silica content of tailing sand from Batu Gajah is between 95.9 to 98.9%. This research is to determine the effect of grain size by the increasing of water content on the permeability number. Grain size is a major determinant of mould and core permeability and surface finish of the casting. In this research involved the process of conducting the mechanical sieve grading to identify the grain size for this research. Sample was graded into 425 μm, 297 μm and 149 μm. Experiments were conducted according to American Foundrymen Society (AFS) standard of procedures. Cylindrical test pieces dimensioning of Ø50 mm×50 mm in height from various grain sand sizewater ratios bonded with 5wt% clay, were compacted by applying three ramming blows of 6666 g each using Ridsdale-Dietert metric standard rammer. The test pieces were tested for permeability number with Ridsdale-Dietert permeability meter. Grain sand size of 297 μm was discovered has appropriate permeability number with the water content of 4% which is within the requirement as moulding sand.
Clustered Absolute Bottleneck Adjacent Matching Heuristic for Re-Entrant Flow Shop
Authors: Ahmad Bareduan Salleh , Gani Isstella Mengan
Published: December 2013

The problem illustrated in this paper resembles a four machine permutation re-entrant flow shop with the process routing of M1,M2,M3,M4,M3,M4 where M1 and M4 have high tendency of being the dominant machines. Due to the re-entrant and permutation nature of the process routing, the actual bottlenecks were identified as M1 and combinations of M4+M3+M4. A constructive bottleneck-based heuristic known as C-ABAM was developed to minimise the makespan of the four machine permutation re-entrant flow shop using bottleneck analysis. The results showed that C-ABAM produces better result than the original ABAM heuristic introduced by Bareduan and Hasan in 2009. It was shown that at any P1 dominance level value, the C-ABAM heuristic was capable to produce near optimal results for the 6 jobs problem sizes studied. The C-ABAM heuristic was also capable to generate results which are very compatible to the NEH. To some extent, within 6 jobs problems simulation conducted during the study, the C-ABAM shows marginally better makespan performance compared to the NEH at strong dominance level.
The Effects of Different Tactile Sensations on Pinch Effort
Authors: Ng Poh Kiat , Leh Shiong Lung , Bee Meng Chauw , Boon Qiao Hui , Chai Ka Xuan , Jee Kian Siong
Published: December 2013

Failure in proper design of ergonomic hand tools can lead to the prevalence of hand-related injuries. In order to improve the ergonomics of hand tools, numerous studies have been done on causal factors related to these injuries such as grip postures, grip forces and torque directions. Nevertheless, there appears to be limited studies concerning how pinch effort can change with different types of tactile sensations. Therefore this study aims to determine the effects of different tactile sensations on pinch effort. A total of 110 manual workers from the wooden pallets and furniture manufacturing firm participated in the study. The descriptive analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel 2010 and the reliability of data was verified using Cronbach's alpha reliability analyses. The results show that individuals can produce a greater pinch effort while gripping objects that have a high friction coefficient between the fingers and the grip surface. This study improves our understanding on the implications of different tactile sensations and potentially decreases workplace hazards for eventual improvements on safety, health and medical costs.
Optimization Design of 2-EWMA Control Chart Based on Random Process Shift
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Mohammad
Published: December 2013

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are widely used for detecting process shifts of small and moderate sizes in Statistical Process Control (SPC).This article presents an algorithm for the optimization design of a multi-EWMA scheme comprising two EWMA control charts (known as 2-EWMA chart) considering random process shifts in mean. The random process shifts in mean is characterized by a Rayleigh distribution. The design algorithm optimizes the charting parameters of the 2-EWMA chart based on loss function. Comparative study shows that the optimal 2-EWMA chart outperforms the original 2-EWMA chart, as well as the original EWMA chart. In general, this article will help to enhance the detection effectiveness of the 2-EWMA chart, and facilitate its applications in SPC.
Respirable Dust Exposure: Symptoms and Effect on Lung Function of Industrial Workers
Authors: Paiman Nuur Azreen , Leman Abdul Mutalib , Hariri Azian , Ismail Marzuki
Published: December 2013

Work environment factors such as air quality in the industry have become a public concern recently especially due to issues related to respirable dust. Most of industrial workers are exposed to dust during their daily work activities. A preliminary study was conducted at a paper based mill, palm oil mill and automotive plant in Malaysia to monitor the personal exposure of respirable dust. Personal sampling and questionnaires were administrated in purposed to determine the respiratory health symptoms and supported by a pulmonary lung function test. The result of the study showed most of the workers in paper based mill were exposed to respirable dust when the Time Weightage Average (TWA) result was above the permissible exposure limit which is 5 mg/m3 and 3 mg/m3 from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standard respectively. From the survey feedbacks, out of 30 symptoms, there are only five symptoms that are significant with the year of exposure. For pulmonary lung function test, there were 81.81% workers are in normal of spiro status for paper based mill. Meanwhile, for palm oil mill and automotive plant, there were almost 53.33% and 65.63% workers in normal spiro status respectively. However, there was no significant relation with the variables noted. Therefore, for a better future for industrial workers, some engineering control and approach have been suggested to the safety and health team to control machines that are fully operated and consider looking into the dust concentration.
Correlation between RFID Network Planning (RNP) Parameters and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Solutions
Authors: Nawawi Azli , Hasnan Khalid , Ahmad Bareduan Salleh
Published: December 2013

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is often used for solving RFID Network Planning (RNP) problems. However, the direct correlation between RNP parameters (coordinates and power settings of RFID readers) and PSO solutions is rarely shown. This is due to the fact that most researches done in this field focus more on the development of new variants of PSO and the optimization result. For that reason, this paper tends to investigate the correlation between RNP parameters and PSO solutions. One of RNP objectives (Optimal Tag Coverage) is taken as an example. The formula of optimal tag coverage is elaborated in order to expose the allocation of RNP parameters in the formula. In addition, a representation system for embedding RNP parameters in PSO solution is explained. This paper can also serves as an early guideline for solving RNP problems using PSO algorithm.
Investigation Performance of Heat Exchanger on Thermoacoustic Heat Engine for Harvesting a Waste Heat
Authors: Abd Rahim Irfan , bin Wahab Md. Saidin , Yahaya Mohd. Zubir , Zain Mohd Zarhamdy Md
Published: December 2013

A green technology of acoustic of fluid-structure interactions become an emerging technology today, a call thermoacoustic heat engine. Thermoacoutics heat engine systems convert the energy on a harvesting from a waste heat energy and convert to an electrical energy. That component of devices a call a hot heat exchangers. This paper study was focused on a new design of thermoacoustics heat exchanger and investigation of its performance in terms of thermal analysis. A conceptual design was produced with three designs of hot heat exchangers, which are wire-type, finger-type and star-type. Commercial code ANSYS-CFX software are used on the evaluation, the heat exchanger’s designs were simulated with two thermal conditions which are steady state and transient heat conduction. Materialselection from copper and aluminium a chosen to look-out the engagement between theoretical and numerical study. There are three inlet temperatures that are assumed will be supplied by constant waste heat which are 200°C, 350°C and 500°C.The star-type design has the highest value of heat conduction through a fin heat conduction with copper as a material which is 32.84W. Star-type hot heat exchanger recorded the fastest time to distribute temperature compared to wiretype and fingertype heat exchanger. Result shown the combination between star-type design and copper material will produce a good agreement to design a hot heat exchanger.
Influence of Preheat Flux on the Microstructure of 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Alkali Adam Umar , Gintar Turnad Lenggo , Fawad Hasan , Abdulrani Ahmad Majdi
Published: December 2013

An experimental investigation had been carried out for heating-only on samples of type 304 stainless steel with oxyacetylene gas flame set to neutral flame with temperature 27000-3300°C. The flame effect on surface integrity was investigated in terms of hardness test and microstructural characterization. Substrates temperatures were raised to 355°C as well as 550°C while oxyacetylene flame travels at approximate of 74 mm/min along the span of the material. The experimental outcome revealed the microstructures from two examined conditions: Initial grain structures as well as grain structure when flame heated to 355°C has retained austenite crystal structure while flame heating to 5000-550°C revealed chromium carbide precipitates. Within the investigated temperature range of 5000-550°C, preheating was evidently proven to result to sensitization.
Investigation on the Stress Behaviour of Coating-Substrate Interface under Contact Loading
Authors: Rani M. Zulfadli Mohamad , Tobi A. L. Mohd , Ismail A.E. , Siswanto W.A. , Saad A.A.
Published: December 2013

This study is intended to predict the stress behavior of thick hard coating at the interface with the changes of coating stiffness and thickness to the substrate of Ti-6Al-4V and SCMV. The elastic mismatch between the coating and the substrate is presented in the value of Dundurs parameter α. The prediction is done using simple geometry of a cylinder-on-flat model in 2D analysis subjected to normal and tangential loading. Tangential stress distribution along the coating-substrate interface is then obtained from the FE modelling after a finite sliding of the cylinder. It is predicted that the maximum tangential stress value predicted at the interface which relates to coating fracture failure is increasing as stiffer coating is used on compliant substrate (i.e. increasing α values). The location of the maximum tangential stress predicted also changes from the trailing edge to the center of contact with increasing α values. Effect of changes of coating thickness on the predicted maximum tangential stress value is more significant for high positive α values. Risk of coating fracture at the interface is therefore predicted to increase with the increase of coating thickness and stiffness.
Maximum Torque of Combinations Threat for Spur Gear Based on AGMA Standard
Authors: Kiong Sia Chee , Wu Jia Hang , Muhd Nor Nik Hisyamudin
Published: December 2013

This study is an approach to investigate the transformations curve of gearing safety. Two types of failure can occur on a gear namely the bending stress and the surface pitting failure. There are many standards for gearing in used worldwide such as AGMA, JGMA, ISO, DIN, etc. but the focus of this study will be on AGMA standard. The main data for this study is the torque value applied which can be distinguished into causing bending strength or surface pitting failure. The Autodesk Inventor spur gear component accelerator was used as a tool for data acquisition based on the AGMA standard of calculations. Two gear materials with high value of allowable contact stress compared to its allowable bending stress was chosen for the study as they are predicted to have a transformation curve from surface durability to bending strength when its torque values are plotted against number of teeth. This is then repeated on various gear modules for both materials to obtain a series of combination curves useful in determining the maximum torque that can be applied on the spur gear before failures occur either by bending stress or surface pitting depending on the curve.
Characterization of Blended Biodiesel Fuel Properties with Small Portion of Butanol as a Fuel Additive
Authors: Ali Obed M. , Mamat Rizalman , Faizal Che Ku Mohammad
Published: December 2013

The increasing energy demand challenge, in addition to the crises of mineral oils depletion that becoming a very serious topic. As the main fuel used in energy production for all scopes of life now is the fossil fuels, there is an urgent need to find out an alternative fuel to fulfill the energy demand of the world. The feasibility of biodiesel production from palm oil was investigated with respect to its fuel properties and blending characteristics with petroleum diesel. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist. In this study an oxygenated additive butanol (BU) was added to palm oil biodiesel (POME)-diesel blend B50 (50% POME + 50% diesel) in the ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% and tested for their properties improvement. The results showed slight improvement in acid value, significant viscosity and density. Maximum decrease in pour point by 6 °C at 5% butanol, on the other hand maximum decrease in energy contenent about 11% at 7% butanol compare to blended fuel B50.
Simulation and Optimization of a Stand-Alone Sustainable Renewable Energy System
Authors: Tijani Alhassan Salami , Ridzuan Ku Suid Ku Muhammad , Yatim Yazhar
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a state of the art design of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system to provide the required electrical power for a single refrigeration system at Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. The simulation result shows a total of 1849.7 kW/m2/year horizontal global irradiation available at Kuala Terengganu. After considering losses such as IAM factor, model array miss match etc, the final energy available to the consumer is 5,256 (kWh/year). The energy requirement of the refrigerator system is 83.3% of the energy available.
Lumped Components Modeling of Double Pass Solar Collector with Porous Matrixes
Authors: Kareem M.W. , Habib Khairul , Gilani S.I.
Published: December 2013

In this report, the modeling and simulation of a double pass solar air absorber was carried out using combination of Simscape and Simulink modeling tools. The solar system air mass flow rate and the porous media were critically investigated by using local weather data of Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. Optimal inlet air flow rate of 0.034kgm-2s-1 was obtained and one of the packed beds, sandstone extended the thermal transfer period of solar collector system by 1150s which displayed good agreement with the reported model and experimental outcomes. The results obtained have shown that it is a promising alternative tool for solar thermal experimentation modeling.