bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of World-Systems
Authors: Chase-Dunn Christopher , Inoue Hiroko , Neal Teresa , Heimlich Evan
Published: May 2015

This essay discusses conceptual issues that arise from the study of human social change. The comparative and evolutionary world-systems perspective is explained as a theoretical research program for studying long-term social change. This approach employs an anthropological framework of comparison for studying world-systems, including those of hunter-gatherers. Problems of spatially bounding whole human interaction networks are addressed, and the utility of a comparative approach to the study of hierarchical relations among human polities (core/periphery relations) is examined. The hypothesis of semiperipheral development is explained, and criteria for empirically identifying semiperipheral regions are specified. World history and global history are the most important evidential bases, along with prehistoric archaeology, for the comparative study of world-systems. Getting the grounds of comparison right by correctly conceptualizing the spatial units of analysis and paying careful attention to core/periphery relations are crucial issues in the effort to comprehend and explain the development of world-systems.
Reclaiming the “Third Sector” from “Civil Society”
Authors: Viterna Jocelyn , Clough Emily , Clarke Killian
Published: May 2015

Civil society is one of the most widely used—and widely maligned—concepts in development studies. In this paper, we argue that much confusion regarding civil society stems from the omnibus nature of its conceptualization. We consider civil society to be an omnibus concept because it has been imbued with several distinct meanings—a normative meaning (civil society as civilized), a functional meaning (civil society as democratizing), and a structural meaning (civil society as a third sector). Using the example of humanitarian NGOs, we demonstrate how the omnibus nature of civil society resists systematization and requires scholars to make problematic assumptions when designing empirical research. As a solution, we propose replacing “civil society” in empirical research with the structural “third-sector” concept. This move narrows the gap between the actors that scholars study and the theoretical construct that they are supposed to represent; it brings the third sector into conceptual alignment with our understanding of the first and second sectors (the market and the state); and it improves our efforts to compare findings across cases and build generalized theories. It also enables scholars to consider questions of power, resources, and influence when studying development NGOs—questions that are difficult to ask when notions of “civil society” are defined as actors that understand, represent, and advocate on behalf of their “constituents.” We conclude that “civil society” as a concept should be maintained for theoretical analyses of what makes society civil but that empirical studies of development are best served by a third-sector approach.
Development Sociology at the Subnational Scale
Authors: Lobao Linda , Hooks Gregory
Published: May 2015

Sociologists have long studied subnational development across the United States focusing on state and market forces that contribute to spatial inequality and uneven development. Subnational research is central to development sociology's concern with the present neoliberal stage of capitalism and to numerous theoretical, substantive, and policy issues that revolve around poverty and prosperity within the nation. Yet the body of work faces a number of challenges. Research is fragmented and its potential for building broader development sociology overlooked. We provide a critical analysis of this research tradition focusing on its theoretical development and identifying a wave of shifts in economic structure and the state that require new engagement. Our analysis raises challenges for development sociology as a broader field of study. Profound state and market changes are unfolding within the United States but they remain under-theorized with implications for limiting progress in the field as a whole. We identify a series of questions that offer promising directions for future research.
IL6 induces TAM resistance via kinase-specific phosphorylation of ERα in OVCA cells
Authors: Wang Yue , Niu Xiu Long , Guo Xiao Qin , Yang Jing , Li Ling , Qu Ye , Xiu Hu Cun , Mao Li Qun , Wang Dan
Published: May 2015

About 40–60% of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cases express ERα, but only a small proportion of patients respond clinically to anti-estrogen treatment with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist tamoxifen (TAM). The mechanism of TAM resistance in the course of OVCA progression remains unclear. However, IL6 plays a critical role in the development and progression of OVCA. Our recent results indicated that IL6 secreted by OVCA cells may promote the resistance of these cells to TAM via ER isoforms and steroid hormone receptor coactivator-1. Here we demonstrate that both exogenous (a relatively short period of treatment with recombinant IL6) and endogenous IL6 (generated as a result of transfection with a plasmid encoding sense IL6) increases expression of pERα-Ser118 and pERα-Ser167 in non-IL6-expressing A2780 cells, while deleting endogenous IL6 expression in IL6-overexpressing CAOV-3 cells (by transfection with a plasmid encoding antisense IL6) reduces expression of pERα-Ser118 and pERα-Ser167, indicating that IL6-induced TAM resistance may also be associated with increased expression of pERα-Ser118 and pERα-Ser167 in OVCA cells. Results of further investigation indicate that IL6 phosphorylates ERα at Ser118 and Ser167 by triggering activation of MEK/ERK and phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt signaling, respectively, to activate the ER pathway and thereby induce OVCA cells resistance to TAM. These results indicate that IL6 secreted by OVCA cells may also contribute to the refractoriness of these cells to TAM via the crosstalk between ER and IL6-mediated intracellular signal transduction cascades. Overexpression of IL6 not only plays an important role in OVCA progression but also promotes TAM resistance. Our results indicate that TAM-IL6-targeted adjunctive therapy may lead to a more effective intervention than TAM alone.
Effects of Treatment Temperature on Properties of Starch-based Adhesives
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Cao Yuan , Fang Qun , Liu Zhikun
Published: May 2015

Starch-based adhesives were developed by hydrolyzing starch with polyvinyl alcohol under alkaline and acidic conditions at various treatment temperatures. The chemical and physical structures of the corn starch and hydrolyzed starch were characterized with Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Thermal degradation and bond strength were also evaluated. The results indicated that the bond strength of starch adhesives reached a maximum value at 40 °C. The FI-IR results showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups first increased and then decreased with increasing treatment temperature. When the treatment temperature was 55 °C the crystallinity of treated starch was the lowest and the thermal resistance also the weakest; it decreased by 10.1% and 13.6% respectively compared to untreated starch. Obvious erosion could be observed from the SEM images of treated starch. In addition, the interaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch also could be observed, and the results indicated that the compatibility between starch and PVA became better and better as the treated temperature was increased.
Sobreviviente
Authors: Marblé Jacques
Published: May 2015

Todo crimen es un crimen colectivo cuando al horror se suma la indiferencia. Si ninguna ayuda del otro es posible, entonces, se trata de sobrevivir. De ahí procede la variación en las diferentes formas de pensar al sobreviviente, la cuales se examinan a partir de un caso clínico y de varias obras paradigmáticas.
Verdad y psicoanálisis
Authors: Aristizabal Cardona Eduardo
Published: May 2015

En la sección que analiza el pasaje bíblico del juicio hecho a Jesús por Pilato (tomo II del libro Jesús de Nazareth), Joseph Ratzinger, más conocido como el papa Benedicto XVI, hace hincapié en las graves implicaciones que tendría para la existencia humana mantenerse en el nivel actual de respuesta pragmática a la pregunta ¿qué es la verdad?, formulada entonces por el procurador romano. Por su parte, la Comisión Colombiana de Juristas también pregunta ¿qué es la verdad? en su libro: Verdad, justicia y reparación. Algunas preguntas y respuestas (2006). Dos fuentes totalmente disímiles utilizadas como medio para confrontar el argumento de la tesis de Ratzinger con el punto de vista psicoanalítico en torno a la verdad que introduce Lacan en el seminario 17, El reverso del psicoanálisis.
Daños, devastación y resistencia
Authors: Bello Martha Nubia
Published: May 2015

Los daños ocasionados por la guerra han dejado secuelas inimaginables en las víctimas afectadas a lo largo de los años el conflicto armado en Colombia; la destrucción de miles de hogares, de organizaciones sociales y de tradiciones culturales no solo son atentados contra algunas comunidades específicas, son ataques a la identidad de un país, a toda una población que sufre las consecuencias de una violencia que ha durado años y que cada vez es más devastadora. Pero en este panorama, muchas víctimas han logrado resistir y hacer contrapeso con sus acciones a esa guerra que las ha marcado, con lo cual han conseguido establecer una nueva ética que logra transformar esta realidad.
Freud en sus cartas durante la Gran Guerra: entre el horror y la condescendencia*
Authors: Castro María Clemencia
Published: May 2015

La correspondencia de Freud en los tiempos de la Primera Guerra Mundial, conocida también como la Gran Guerra, permite discernir los efectos que esta le produjo, así como sus apuestas, inconsistencias y contradicciones, pues allí Freud se expone como sujeto dividido entre el horror y la condescendencia. Su encuentro con la conflagración aporta elementos para dilucidar las lógicas de la guerra y sus implicaciones subjetivas, a propósito de su entusiasmo bélico, la confrontación con el espectáculo de destrozo, la inhibición de la actividad, la vergüenza, la separación de los más cercanos, el final anticipado de la guerra y la abstención de juicio ante el retorno de “sus” combatientes.
Función del tercero en la mediación
Authors: Gallo Héctor
Published: May 2015

El presente texto se ocupa de formalizar desde el psicoanálisis el concepto de tercero, precisa en qué consiste su función subjetiva y social en la mediación, argumenta por qué es necesario contar con su presencia simbólica en el campo de los vínculos humanos, da cuenta de su relación con la noción lacaniana de Nombre del Padre y especifica qué función cumple en la civilización de los vínculos humanos, ya que estos no se producen de manera natural.
Indagaciones de “una moneda freudiana de tres caras”: memoria, recuerdo y espanto
Authors: Reyes Gómez Álvaro Daniel
Published: May 2015

Braunstein, Néstor. La memoria, la inventora. México: Siglo XXI Editores, 2008. 234 páginas. Braunstein, Néstor. Memoria y espanto o el recuerdo de infancia. México: Siglo XXI Editores, 2008. 278 páginas. Braunstein, Néstor. La memoria del uno y la memoria del Otro: inconsciente e historia. México: Siglo XXI Editores, 2012. 283 páginas.
Pressureless Sintering of Sodalite Waste-forms for the Immobilization of Pyroprocessing Wastes
Authors: Gilbert M. R.
Published: May 2015

Sodalite (Na8[AlSiO4]6Cl2), a naturally occurring Cl-containing mineral, has long been regarded as a potential immobilization matrix for the chloride salt wastes arising from pyrochemical reprocessing operations, as it allows for the conditioning of the waste salt as a whole without the need for any pre-treatment. Here the consolidation and densification of Sm-doped sodalite (as an analogue for AnCl3) has been investigated with the aim of producing fully dense (i.e. > 95 % t.d.) ceramic monoliths via conventional cold-press-and-sinter techniques at temperatures of < 1000 °C. Microstructural analysis of pressed and sintered sodalite powders under these conditions is shown to produce poorly sintered, porous, inhomogeneous pellets. However, by the addition of a sodium aluminophosphate glass sintering aid, fully dense Sm-sodalite ceramic monoliths can successfully be produced by sintering at temperatures as low as 800 °C.
The art of knowledge exchange in urban design
Authors: Aelbrecht Patricia , Stevens Quentin
Published: May 2015

This paper examines an intensive 9-month project of knowledge exchange between an academic researcher and the urban design practice Rick Mather Architects, focused around their long-term masterplan for London's South Bank Centre. This kind of project is still quite new within the design disciplines, but has significant potential benefits for both research and practice. Research can gain a better understanding of where new knowledge is needed, and enhance the prospects of being applied. Practice can benefit by using research to improve built outcomes. This paper evaluates the impact of a knowledge-exchange partnership on the state of knowledge of practice and research, and on the art of knowledge exchange in urban design as opposed to other disciplines. It identifies new forms of knowledge exchange through a set of research and engagement activities based on ethnographic methods. It highlights that the sharing of design knowledge is fundamentally a social art.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy opportunities with foot deformitiesin children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kenis Vladimir Markovich , Ivanov Stanislav Vyacheslavovich , Kiseleva Tatiana Ilinichna
Published: May 2015

Foot deformities are the most common orthopedic condition in children with cerebral palsy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy. The results were assessed clinically by measurement of changes in muscle spaticity and foot posture. Percentage of resection of dorsal rootlets was from 40 to 90 % of total thickness. The degree of tone reduction had a tendency to be more pronounced in the more proximal muscles and was minimal in calf muscles. Nevertheless, foot posture improved more significantly. That can be explained by generalimprovement of pathological posture at the level of more proximal joints. Thus, SDR has insignificant direct effect on spastic foot deformity and can not be recommended as a basic method of treatment even in pure spasticity. However, SDR should be considered as a part of multidisciplinary management protocol if foot deformity reflects more complex postural disturbance due to generalized spasticity.
3D Modeling and prototyping of jaw models as a stage of osteoreconstructive surgery on the facial part of the skull of children
Authors: Semyonov Mikhail Georgievich , Mihailov Vasily Vladimirovich , Filippova Anastasia Victorovna , Stetsenko Andrey Grigorievich
Published: May 2015

The article presents the results of surgical treatment of children with tumors, with postoperative facial deformities and defects of the skull secondary to tumors, using the technique of 3D modeling followed by prototyping of jaw models.
Surgical treatment of kyphosis in children with scheuermann’s diseaseusing 3D-CT navigation
Authors: Vissarionov Sergei Valentinovich , Kokushin Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Belyanchikov Sergei Mikhailovich , Murashko Vladislav Valerievich
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the study is to describe features of the surgical technique for correction of kyphotic deformity of the spine and to analyze the results of surgical treatment of juvenile kyphosis in children with the use of 3D-CT navigation. Materials and methods. We observed 11 patientsaged 14-17 years old (2 girls and 9 boys) with kyphoticdeformity of the spine, developed on the backgroundof Scheuermann’s disease. The deformity amount aver-aged 73,9° (60 to 90°). Surgery was performed fromthe combined access, carring out discapophysectomyand corporodesis on top of kyphosis and fixing mul-tibasic corrective metal construction. For the insertionof pedicle screws we used 3D-CT navigation. The results. After surgery kyphosis value decreasedto 32,6° (20 to 45°), the deformity correction averaged41,3° (30 to 50°). Hybrid systems were placed in 5 pa-tients, total transpedicular fixation - in 6 children.Number of fixed vertebrae with hybrid metal construc-tions averaged 14 (13 to 15), in patients with total pediclefixation - 13 (12 to 14). In all cases we observed the correct position of pedicle support elements. Postopera- tive follow-up period was from 1 year and 5 months to5 years and 4 months, on average - 3 years 5 months. The loss of the result achieved in the long-term follow- up period was observed in patients with hybrid metal constructions and averaged 7,2° (4 to 9°). Conclusion. The use of pedicle screws for thecorrection of juvenile kyphosis in children allows forthe effective correction of the deformity, restoring thephysiological profiles of the spine, eliminating post-operative progression of curvature, and reducing thelength of metal fixation and save the result achievedin the long-term follow-up. The use of active optical3D-CT navigation allows carring out a correct inser-tion of pedicle screws in the vertebral bodies in chil-dren with juvenile kyphosis. Keywords: Scheuermann’s disease, juvenile ky-phosis, transpedicular fixation, navigation, children,surgical treatment.
Holographic interferometry for early diagnosisof children flat foot
Authors: Bolshakov Oleg Petrovich , Kotov Igor Rostislavovich , Polyakova Elena Leonidovna
Published: May 2015

The article presents the first experience ofthe use of holographic interferometr y for earlydiagnosis of the flat foot in 4-5 years old children.13 patients were examined. The results of the clinicalexamination, plantography, and of the graphicalreconstruction of the form of the foot arch basedon the interferogramms of the prints on Pedilen areanalyzed. We revealed typical differences betweenthe form of the foot arches in children with flat foot and children with normal status. The use of the proposed method for early detection of congenital pes valgus and of the signs of “flexible flat” foot is being suggested.
Orthopedic hexapods: history, present and prospects
Authors: Vilensky Viktor Aleksandrovich , Pozdeev Aleksander Pavlovich , Bukharev Edgar Valentinovich , Pozdeev Andrey Aleksandrovich , Zubairov Timur Faizovich , Solomin Leonid Nikolaevich
Published: May 2015

The article is dedicated to computer-assisted external fixation devices, so-called hexapods. The main advantage of these frames is capability to make mathematically precise correction of bone fragments in three planes and six degrees of freedom on the base of calculations made in special software application. Recently these devices are mostly applied in long bone deformity correction but the sphere of its effective useis not limited by only this direction. The article presents the history of investigation of these devices, their development, implemented comparative analysis of the basic hexapods: TSF (Taylor Spatial Frame), IHA (Ilizarov Hexapod Apparatus) and Ortho-SUV Frame.
Desertificação: contextualização e sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Pacheco Admilson da Penha , Lucas Abdoral de Andrade , Silva Bernardo Barbosa , Mariano Gorki
Published: May 2015

A desertificação pode ser conceituada como o processo de degradação das terras das regiões áridas, semiáridas e sub-úmidas secas, resultante de diferentes fatores, entre eles as variações climáticas e as atividades humanas. No Brasil, a ocorrência dos processos de desertificação é observada, especialmente, em ambiente de caatinga do sertão nordestino, nas denominadas “Áreas Susceptíveis à Desertificação – ASD”, que apresentam altas taxas de evapotranspiração, solos de pouca profundidade e reduzida capacidade de retenção de água, o que limita conseqüentemente seu potencial produtivo. O Sensoriamento Remoto tem sido utilizado para examinar a natureza, tendência e quantificação do processo de desertificação em diferentes ambientes. A quantificação, avaliação de risco e monitoramento da desertificação pode ser realizada através de métodos que envolvem parâmetros físicos (albedo, temperatura, índices de vegetação), as componentes do balanço de energia e a evapotranspiração.
Quimioestratigrafia de carbono e oxigenio dos carbonatos lacustres aptianos da Serra do Tonã, Sub-Bacia de Tucano Norte, NE do Brasil
Authors: Silveira Ana Cláudia da , Varejão Filipe Giovanini , Neumann Virgínio Henrique , Sial Alcides Nóbrega , Assine Mário Luis , Ferreira Valderez Pinto , Fambrini Gelson Luis
Published: May 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise do comportamento dos valores dos isótopos de C e O em rochas carbonáticas da Serra do Tonã, Nordeste do Brasil. Os carbonatos foram analisados a partir de testemunhos de um poço e representam o intervalo referente aos primeiros 40 m de profundidade da sondagem. Também foram coletadas amostras do testemunho para a confecção de sete lâminas delgadas, que permitiu verificar que os carbonatos estudados são calcilutitos (micritos e biomicritos), apresentando coloração em tons que variam de bege claro a marrom escuro, com presença de pirita framboidal. As principais estruturas observadas foram microfalhas, microslumps e loop-bedding e as principais porosidades observadas foram do tipo fratura e vugular. Para o estudo do comportamento dos isótopos de C e O foram coletadas treze amostras com espaçamento médio de dois metros e meio. Os valores de δ13C variaram de -8,76 a 1,41 ‰ VPDB e os valores de δ18O apresentaram valores entre -14,28 a -4,14 ‰ VPDB. Os valores encontrados apresentam boa correlação com valores obtidos em outros estudos para carbonatos lacustres. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos dados isotópicos de carbono e oxigênio dos carbonatos lacustres da Serra do Tonã sugerem paleolago hidrologicamente fechado.
Morfodinâmica da Ilha do Farol, Atol das Rocas – Atlântico Sul
Authors: Lino Anderson Pereira , Silva Adriana Maria Cunha da , Pereira Natan Silva , Ferreira Junior Cícero Vicente , Souza Jéssica Pâmela Gomes de
Published: May 2015

O Atol das Rocas representa o único atol do Atlântico Sul e sua evolução envolve uma complexa relação entre processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que resulta na formação de um recife biogênico e um depósito de sedimentos carbonáticos. A Ilha do Farol representa um dos depósitos acumulados na porção NO do Atol e serve de abrigo para duas bases científicas. Essa ilha vem sofrendo modificações desde os primeiros levantamentos sobre a sua geomorfologia. Com o propósito de investigar as modificações ocorridas na Ilha do Farol, o presente estudo realizou uma campanha de campo em maio de 2012 à Reserva Biológica para realizar um novo mapeamento geomorfológico e um estudo morfodinâmico da ilha a fim de compreender e inferir como a dinâmica sedimentar está se comportando nesse local. A partir do mapeamento foi possível observar um crescimento de 9000 m2 nos últimos 3 anos, em comparação com estudos anteriores, e que a ilha vem sofrendo constantes modificações. A Ilha do Farol pode ser dividida em três setores: o setor Oeste apresentou uma extensão máxima de 22,4 m e uma retração no estirâncio de 6,92 m e uma perda de volume sedimentar de aproximadamente 28,94 m3/m, representando assim o setor de maior energia; o setor Norte apresentou uma progradação de 0,71m e uma perda de volume 2,82 m3/m; o setor Leste se caracterizou por ser o ambiente que mais sofreu deposição, quantificada em 3,84 3/m, com uma progradação de 4,4 m. A classificação geral do diâmetro médio indicou uma fração variante de areia média a muito grossa (1,47 a -0,60 Ø). O desvio padrão foi classificado como moderadamente selecionado para toda ilha, com uma média de 0,71 Ø. A ilha apresenta grande mobilidade de sedimentos que resulta em constantes modificações em sua morfologia e os dados levantados aqui indicam que a Ilha do Farol apresenta uma tendência a um aumento a partir de uma deposição no sentido horizontal, fato que pode estar correlacionado ao aumento na produção de partículas biogênicas ou a fatores hidrodinâmicos locais ainda desconhecidos.
Metasedimentary rocks of the northern portion of thema Cururé domain, Sergipano belt, Northeastern Brazil: geochemical characterization of their protoliths and tectonic implications
Authors: Lima Mariucha Maria Correia de , Silva Thyego Roberto da , Ferreira Valderez Pinto , Silva José Maurício Rangel da
Published: May 2015

Caracterização dos protólitos de rochas metaclásticas de unidades metamórficas do domínio Macururé, Cinturão Sergipano, com base em elementos maiores e traços, é discutida neste trabalho. Dados geoquímicos para essas rochas metassedimentares indicam predominância de grauvacas nos protólitos que contem também folhelhos e arcóseos subordinados. Elementos maiores, traços e terras raras sugerem fonte para estas rochas com composição da crosta superior média para os protólitos das rochas metassedimentares deste domínio. Mistura de fonte de detritos são indicados para estas rochas resultantes principalmente de detritos de composição intermediária a ácido. Dados de rocha total sugerem arco de ilhas e/ou de margem ativa como cenário geodinâmico mais provável para deposição dos precursores sedimentares das unidades estudadas. Neste contexto, uma configuração back-arc explicaria a natureza mista das áreas fontes inferidas, com detritos do embasamento soerguido e relacionadas ao arco como membros finais das misturas. A geoquímica semelhante das metassedimentares e litologias subjacentes atesta derivação a partir de uma mesma fonte crustal.
Catálogo do material-tipo da coleção paleontológica do departamento de geologia, centro de tecnologia e geociências da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Authors: Barreto Alcina Magnólia Franca , Oliveira Edison Vicente , Cassab Rita de Cassia Tadim , Duque Rudah Ruano Cavalcanti , Sucerquia Paula , Mota Marcelo Augusto de Lira
Published: May 2015

A Coleção Científica Paleontológica do Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (DGEO-CTG-UFPE), abriga cerca de 7.500 números de entrada de macrofósseis de invertebrados, vertebrados, plantas e icnofósseis das eras Paleozóica, Mesozóica e Cenozóica, coletados e estudados por professores e alunos, ao longo dos cinquenta e sete anos do curso de Geologia em Recife. Dois professores deixaram as maiores contribuições à coleção: O geólogo Prof. Karl Beurlen, que se dedicou principalmente a estratigrafia e ao estudo de invertebrados marinhos e o Prof. Geraldo da Costa Barros Muniz, entusiasta do estudo de icnofósseis e invertebrados marinhos. Esses professores descreveram cerca de 90% do acervo de tipos. Os professores José Lins Rolim, um dos pioneiros no estudo dos mamíferos do Pleistoceno em Pernambuco, José Augusto Costa de Almeida e Maria Somália Sales Viana também trouxeram importantes contribuições para a coleção do DGEO-CTG-UFPE. Nos últimos dez anos, o acervo deu suporte para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas de cinco dissertações de mestrado e quatro teses de doutorado. A coleção representa fonte para futuras pesquisas científicas, ensino e divulgação (atividades de extensão, museus). A listagem do material-tipo reflete a diversidade fossilífera e as pesquisas paleontológicas realizadas nas bacias sedimentares do Nordeste do Brasil, principalmente nas bacias Pernambuco, Paraíba, Araripe e Jatobá em Pernambuco, e nas bacias Potiguar (RN) e Sergipe-Alagoas (SE). São mais de 400 fósseis incluindo holótipos e materiais referidos, representando a descrição de 103 novas espécies de macrofósseis e icnofósseis. Deste acervo, destacam-se espécies novas de moluscos biválvios (38) e gastrópodos (38) e, icnofósseis, com 9 icnoespécies. Equinodermatas (4), Serpulidae (3), Artrópodes (3), Braquiópodos (1), Moluscos Cefalópodos (2) e Scafópodos (1), Mamíferos (2), Chondrictie (1), e Réptil, arcossauro (1) também estão representados no acervo de tipos, colocando a coleção do DGEO-CTG-UFPE entre as mais importantes de universidades brasileiras.
Pareto Optimal Multi-Objective Optimization of Antiwear Tialn/Tin/Cr Coatings
Authors: Szparaga Ł. , Ratajski J.
Published: May 2015

The multi-objective optimization procedure of geometry of TiAlN/TiN/Cr multilayer coatings was created. The procedure was applied to the multilayer coatings subjected to constant tangential and normal loads (Hertzian contact). In physical model Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers were treated as a continuous medium, thus in mathematical description of the stress and strain states in the coatings a classical theory of stiffness was used. Decisional variables used in procedure were thicknesses of Cr, TiN and TiAlN layers and decisional criteria were functions of the stress and strain fields in the coating and substrate. Using created optimization procedure, Pareto set of optimal values of layers' thicknesses were determined. Additionally, two methods of analysis of Pareto-optimal set were introduced and discussed.
Fluctuations in Chemical Composition of M7C3 Carbides in the Soft Annealed Nc11lv/D2 Steel
Authors: Hryniewicz T. , Nykiel T.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the study results on chemical composition of the coarse primary M7C3 carbides occurring in the soft annealed NC11LV/D2 tool steel consisting of: 1.53% C; 11.65% Cr; 0.01% W; 0.81% Mo; 0.068% V; (balance iron plus admixtures), used for cold operation. The microanalyzer of type SEMPROBE Su-30, French made by CAMECA Co., equipped with two WDS X-ray spectrometers and an EDS VOYAGER 3 100, NORAN Instruments Co., made in USA. It was found that out of the three alloying elements occurring in the big carbides of the annealed NC11LV/D2 steel, i.e. Cr, Mo, and V, the chromium appears to be the most uniformly distributed. The big carbides vary concerning C, Cr, Mo, V; the greatest differentiation degree of the contents of Mo and Cr, and the least - of vanadium. The average chemical composition of the big/coarse carbides is as follows: C = 9.42±1.28%; Cr = 44.17±2.95%; Mo = 4.48±3.52%; V = 4.53±0.31%; balance Fe.
Characterization of Composite Laminates Subjected to Repeated Indentation
Authors: Kumar M. Ashok , Prasad A.M.K. , Ravishankar D.V. , Giridhar G.
Published: May 2015

The effect of the fiber orientation in a laminate is investigated experimentally when subjected repeated quasistatic indentation. All the laminates with different fiber orientation are subjected to indentation with a stainless steel spherical indenter of diameter 8.0mm on a universal testing machine for a maximum indenter displacement of 4mm. The rate of indenter displacement was 0.5mm/minute. Different parameters like load bearing capacity, indentation diameter, area of surface damage, etc., were recorded after 4mm of indenter displacement. All the parameters were studied and compared to evaluate the laminate with high strength
Bainite Morphology in Two Experimental Mo-Cr and Mo-Cr-V-Ti Steels
Authors: Ławrynowicz Z. , Skibicki A.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents an investigation of the bainite morphology in two experimental Mo-Cr and Mo-Cr-V-Ti steels using TEM, high speed dilatometry backed by thermodynamic analysis. The microstructure was investigated using metallography and TEM method. After austenitisation at 1200oC followed by bainitic reaction in upper and lower temperatures of isothetmal transformation the bainite was in the form of classical sheaves. The amont, distribution and morphology of retained austenite and bainitic ferrite depend on prior austenitisation and isothermal transformation temperatures within the bainitic range.
The Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Selected Biomaterials for the Friction Pairs in the Hip Joint Endoprosthesis
Authors: Zasińska K. , Seramak T. , Łubiński J.
Published: May 2015

The key requirement for the modern endoprosthesis is high durability of the friction components, which results in long and trouble-free operation in the human body. The durability of currently used endoprosthesis is often limited by tribological wear processes of friction components (e.g. between the head and the acetabular component in a hip joint endoprosthesis) [8, 19, 23, 24]. In order to compare the tribological wear, tribological tests were carried out by means of tribometer on friction pairs of the following composition: implantation steel 316 LVM/PE-UHMW and titanium alloy Ti13Nb13Zr/PE-UHMW. Determining of the friction coefficient, measured profiles of surface roughness and microscopic observation allowed to evaluate the abrasive wear of the tested biomaterials.
Comparative in Vitro Research of the Human Aortic Bioprosthesis
Authors: Dawidowska K.
Published: May 2015

Evaluate of the usefulness and reliability of structures based on the analysis of recorded parameters determining the flow through the Human Aortic Bioprosthesis (HAB) have been dealt with. By flow parameters changes determining the performance environment of prosthesis analyzed change of the motion dynamics of the valve leaflets as a function of pressure, thereby determining the degree of alignment of the prosthesis to the performance conditions. Based on the gathered measurement data a comparative analysis of flow rate valve prostheses for different frequency values of the piston pump imitating the heart, different ejection capacity and pressure conditioning work environment prosthesis were studied. Interpretation of the recorded image gave the basis for determining the Effective Orifice Area (EOC).
The Selected Measurement Problems in the Aspect of the Non-Destructive Testing of the Gear Wheels and the other Parts
Authors: Jończyk S. , Babul T. , Włodarczyk S.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents an overview of the results of studies which, in addition to the detection of differences in the structure of the product and the thickness of the surface layers, aimed to diversify the signal from the stress changes caused by cracks, assess local defects in the microstructure deformed by heat treatment and detect hydrogen „in statu nascendi”. Measurements were performed using Wirotest 1000. Specialized probes were used to allow measurements on surfaces difficult to reach. Measurements were taken at different depths of penetration. Assessment of the correlation of eddy current measurements and microhardness was also performed.
In the Shadow of the State - the Informal Economy and Informal Economy Labor Force
Authors: Schneider Friedrich
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the main focus lies on the informal economy and on work in the shadow. The most influential factors on the informal economy are tax policies and state regulation. The size of the informal economy was decreasing over the period 1999 to 2007, from 34.0% to 31.2% for 161 countries (unweighted average). Furthermore, economic opportunities, taxes and regulations, the general situation on the labor market, and unemployment are crucial for an understanding of the dynamics of the shadow labor force. In contrast with the decrease of the informal economy (value added figures), the informal economy labor force increased for most countries over the period 1999 to 2007.
Protecting Human Rights Through Fundamental Principles of Administrative Procedures in Eastern Europe
Authors: Sever Tina , Rakar Iztok , Kovač Polonca
Published: May 2015

Administrative procedures (APs) are tools to protect fundamental human rights in statecitizen relations. As the modernization of public administration regulation is undergoing a transformation in the direction of reducing detailed rules on APs and, by the same token, emphasizing fundamental or general principles, research on the development and the state of the art of administrative principles in the general administrative procedure acts (APAs) of selected Eastern Europe countries with a common heritage of Austrian law dating back to 1925 (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and the Czech Republic) was carried out. The normative-comparative analysis reveals differences in approaches to and the pace of APAs reform and content; some countries are taking a more radical approach, mainly by following good governance dimensions. Convergence based on Council of Europe and EU initiatives is also evident. Classical guarantees against the misuse of power (principles of legality, equality, proportionality, rights of defense, etc.) are therefore crucial. The most progress seems to have been made by Croatia and the Czech Republic; by focusing on partnerships in administrative-legal relations in the sense of good administration, these two countries have, among other things, set a trend for other countries to follow.
Discounts and their Effects - Economic and Legal Approach
Authors: Funta Rastislav
Published: May 2015

The present article discusses the economic and legal effects of single-product loyalty discounts. It is clear that arguments concerning the “pro-competitive” effects of such discounts must be judged with skepticism. This applies in particular to the assumed effects of loyalty discounts resulting from double profit surcharges or falling average costs, as well as in the context of price discrimination. I argue that many of the alleged effects could also be achieved with discount forms where the risk of restrictive effects on competition should be lower. Also, the assumed anti-competitive effects of loyalty discounts must be better justified economically. This article suggests using a form-based approach for the assessment of discount schemes. However, this should not amount to a restrictive assessment of certain discount schemes. For the development of such a form-based approach, it is necessary to review the theories about pro-competitive and anti-competitive effects. Therefore, this article attempts to identify which positive effects are more likely to be achieved by means of which discount forms and under which circumstances.
How does soil water potential limit the seasonal dynamics of sap flow and circumference changes in European beech?
Authors: Sitková Zuzana , Nalevanková Paulína , Střelcová Katarína , Fleischer Jr. Peter , Ježík Marek , Sitko Roman , Pavlenda Pavel , Hlásny Tomáš
Published: May 2015

We focus on the analysis of sap flow and stem circumference changes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) in relation to available soil water and weather conditions during the growing seasons 2012 and 2013. The objective was to examine how soil water potential affects growth and transpiration of a mature beech stand situated at the lower distributional limit of beech in Slovakia. To be able to evaluate beech response to soil water shortage, we irrigated a group of 6 trees during the period of pronounced drought, while the control group of other 6 trees remained exposed to actual weather conditions. Mean air temperatures of both seasons were considerably above the long-term average and the temporal pattern of precipitation differed between the years. During the whole growing season 2012, beech samples transpired an average volume of 6.9 m3 of water in the control and 7.7 m3 in the irrigated group. A slightly higher average volume was found in the growing season 2013 under both treatments (7.7 m3 in control and 10.5 m3 in irrigated trees). In the drought period 2012, when the irrigation experiment was commenced, the sap flow in the control group was reduced by 30% as compared with the irrigated group. In 2013, a 38.1% difference in sap flow was observed between the groups. Sap flow in the non-irrigated trees decreased with reducing soil moisture, and ceased at soil water potential -0.6 MPa. In both treatments and years, we found significant correlations between hourly sap flow and investigated weather variables. A reduction in stem circumferences of the control trees, which was observed during stem shrinkage phase, was up to 19% in 2012 and 10% in 2013. We conclude that stem circumference shrinkage during the peak of soil drought was induced by the cessation in the sap flow process.
Photosynthetic response of European beech to atmospheric and soil drought
Authors: Priwitzer Tibor , Kurjak Daniel , Kmeť Jaroslav , Sitková Zuzana , Leštianska Adriana
Published: May 2015

Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was investigated in this study. A group of six beech trees was irrigated during the growing season 2012, while the second group of non-irrigated (control) beech trees was treated under natural soil drought. During the experiment, we observed more than 45-day long period when no precipitation fell on the soil surface. The relationship of PN (CO2 assimilation rate) to gS (stomatal conductance) was very tight in both groups, which indicates that stomatal opening was the main factor limiting PN. The statistically significant differences in gS between the groups of trees were revealed only on the last measuring day. The significant differences in PN were confirmed on the days when the differences in soil water potential (ΨS) appeared. On these measurement days, the PN values of irrigated individuals were approximately 1.9 or 3.3 times greater than the values of non-irrigated individuals. At the level of primary photosynthetic processes (chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) we did not observe lower values of the control individuals in comparison with the irrigated trees in any of the evaluated parameters. Long-term soil water deficit caused strong decrease of leaf water potential (ΨL) in the control trees, but ΨL values of the irrigated trees were also rather low due to diurnal dynamics in higher parts of crown. Close relationship between ΨL and gS was confirmed for the control (non-irrigated) trees, but could not be confirmed for the irrigated trees. We revealed significant influence of VPD (vapour pressure deficit of the air) on gS only in the control group. On the days when ΨS decreased, the stomata of the non-irrigated trees were closed in spite of the low VPD values. Almost complete stomatal closure in both groups of trees was caused by the increase of VPD to 1.2 kPa.
Large larch bark beetle Ips cembrae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the Czech Republic: analysis of population development and catches in pheromone traps / Lýkožrout modřínový Ips cembrae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) v České republice: analýza vývoje populací a vzorků z feromonových lapačů
Authors: Grucmanová Šárka , Holuša Jaroslav , Trombik Jiří , Lukášová Karolina
Published: May 2015

The paper summarises available data on the occurrence of Ips cembrae in the Czech Republic and analyses the effect of temperature and precipitation on its population growth; compares numbers of beetles of overwintering and offspring generation, and compares the proportion of females and males caught in pheromone traps. The analysed data of the Forestry and Game Management Research Institute about the volume of harvested wood infested by I. cembrae from 1994 to 2013 varied between 150 and 1,415 m3. During the entire study period I. cembrae attacked more than 0.5 m3 per ha of larch forest stands in only four districts. Temperatures over the period from March to October, from April to June and annual average temperatures during the preceding and actual years, and the ratio of the annual rainfall to long-term rainfall average obtained from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute had no significant effect on the population growth. Adults were also caught with pheromone traps, in which two generations were documented. In 2013, the numbers of caught beetles of the offspring generation exceeded those of the overwintering generation. This was due to warm and dry weather and, probably also due to high reproductive success. Although more females were caught by pheromone trapping, numbers of males and females did not differ significantly. During the studied period several periods of local outbreak of I. cembrae occurred in the Czech Republic, but their causes remained unclear, although the increase of bark beetles populations is generally regarded as a result of hot and dry weather. Larch bark beetle represents only a marginal problem in the Czech Republic.
Príspevok k problematike určovania špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesných pôd
Authors: Bútorová Jana
Published: May 2015

According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data.
Porovnanie vývoja vybraných jedľobukových porastov vo výskumno-účelovom objekte „Komárnik"
Authors: Štefančík Igor , Pajtík Jozef , Bošeľa Michal , Priwitzer Tibor , Čaboun Vladimír , Klouček Tomáš
Published: May 2015

The paper presents results of a long-term observation focused on the growth of two selected fir-beech stands in the area of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, which were established in the past to investigate the effect of different management treatments on the growth and structure of the stands. Attention was paid to changes in the tree species proportion, vertical and horizontal structure, the quantitative production and dead wood. The results of the monitoring of approximately 60-year stands development suggested a reduction of the fir proportion and an increase proportion of beech and maple in the natural conditions. Production characteristics (wood stock, above ground biomass, carbon stock, and dead wood) have reached higher values on the control area. The results suggested that the close-to-nature management of these forest stands has a beneficial effect on their structure and overall development.
Parazitické nematódy rastlín a voľne žijúce pôdne nematódy vo vybraných lesných škôlkach Slovenska
Authors: Renčo Marek
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the results from the analysis of the 45 soil samples collected in 2010 from ten forest nurseries located at different regions of Slovak Republic. In total, 142 species of nematodes belonging to 87 genera were found. Out of them, 32 species are considered as plant feeders - parasites of higher plants, 11 species belong to fungal feeders, 10 species to root-fungal feeders, 8 species of predatory nematodes, 20 species of omnivorous nematodes and 49 species of bacteriovorous nematodes. The highest number of species was found in the Picea abies (94) and Quercus robur (80) rhizosphere. The survey results showed that communities of soil nematodes in forest nurseries are represented by all trophic groups of nematodes, but bacteriovorous, phytophagous and phyto-mycophagous nematodes prevailed and represented about 80% a total nematode fauna of coniferous and deciduous seedlings. The species of Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Rhabditis sp. juv.¸ Mesorhabditis sp.juv., Helicotylenchus digonicus, Paratylecnhus bukowensis, Trichodorus sprasus, Filenchus vulgaris, Malenchus exiguus, Tylencholaimus mirabilis, Tylencholaimus stecki belong to the most abundant at this study.