bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Portfolio of Commercial-Scale Carbon-Capture-and-Storage Demonstration Projects
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 18469, “A Portfolio of Commercial-Scale CCS Demonstration Projects,” by W. Maas, M. de Nier, T. Wiwchar, and B. Spence, Shell, prepared for the 2015 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Doha, Qatar, 7–9 December. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A major oil company is progressing a portfolio of commercial-scale carbon-capture-and-storage (CCS) demonstration projects covering an array of technologies that target applications of relevance to the wider oil and gas industry. A number of key learnings have been obtained on the technology-deployment and the critical-project- development aspects of the different project phases. This paper provides an overview of these learnings, with a specific focus on the issues faced by CCS-project developers.

Introduction

Over the last decade, the company, with its partners, has been helping to advance CCS through a series of CCS demonstration projects. The operator’s CCS commercial and project portfolio includes

The Quest project, which is the first CCS project of commercial scale in the heavy-oil industry

The Peterhead CCS project, which, if realized, could be the world’s first commercial-scale, full-chain project to demonstrate the feasibility of CCS at a gas-fired power station

This paper explores in detail the Quest project and the Peterhead project, the latter being currently in the front-end engineering and design phase.

The Peterhead CCS Project

The company and a UK power provider are developing the Peterhead CCS Project (Fig. 1). The scope of the project includes

Operation of an existing gas turbine (GT 13) at the Peterhead Power Station in Aberdeenshire, Scotland

A new steam turbine dedicated to low-pressure steam generation

Capture of approximately 1 million t/a of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, for a period of 10 to 15 years, from the flue gas in a large concrete absorber tower using the operator’s amine-capture technology

Regeneration of the amine in a tower using steam from the power plant

Compression and conditioning (oxygen and water removal) of the CO2

Transport of the dense-phase CO2 by an offshore pipeline approximately 100 km in length

Injection of the CO2 with the adapted Goldeneye platform and wells

Storage in the depleted Goldeneye gas reservoir at a depth of more than 2 km under the floor of the North Sea

The objective is that the power plant, combined with the CCS chain, will operate as one integrated low-carbon power-supply chain.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence for Real-Time Monitoring of Scale and Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 179867, “Time-Resolved Fluorescence for Real-Time Monitoring of Scale and Corrosion Inhibitors: A Game-Changing Technique,” by A. Marais, M. Martini, F. Lepoivre, M. Ould-Metidji, A. Collet, and O. Tillement, Université de Lyon, and C. Hurtevent and S. Baraka-Lokmane, SPE, Total, prepared for the 2016 SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, 11–12 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Inhibitors have been widely used to reduce steel corrosion and scale deposition in critical offshore sites. However, the large use of such additives has not been followed by the development of any efficient technique of dosage that considers the strict requirements of an offshore platform. This paper describes a novel method of chemical dosage based on time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) that allows a simple, accurate, and efficient quantification of chemicals below parts-per-million ranges, even for double (scale/scale, scale/ corrosion) quantification.

Why TRF Should Be Considered a Game-Changing Technique

The prevention of scale formation and corrosion damage in petroleum pipelines and facilities remains an important challenge (Fig. 1). Several interconnected factors, such as the composition of seawater used for secondary- and enhanced-recovery waterflooding operations, the composition of the formation water, and the gradients of temperature and pressure within pipelines, are the origin of pipeline damage and decrease in extraction efficiency.

The current techniques used for chemicals management often display some limitations (e.g., setup and running costs, size, and real-time monitoring). Some of them also require laborious pretreatment/ purification stages for the separation of inhibitor chemicals from the interfering brine salts.

Here, the TRF method may represent a break from past technologies not only because it displays sub-parts-per-million accuracy and multidetection (scale or corrosion chemicals), but also because it can be set up at offshore sites.
Analytics Firms Explore Oil and Gas Market
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: January 2017

The oil and gas industry is facing an invasion of data analytics startups who saw a wide-open gap in the market a few years ago when talk of big data first began.

Many of these young companies vying for attention from producers are focused on alleviating the headaches associated with artificial lift systems. There are also a number of software products designed to handle difficult computations such as production forecasting and reserve estimation.

Some are selling analytics as a way to combat the growing threat of cyber attacks. Other programs interpret human semantics to extract valuable information out of the entirety of a company’s document library.

Below is a closer look at what several of these analytics startups are offering to the industry—only there will be no deep dive into the layer cake of terminology that dominates this emerging software arena, e.g., artificial intelligence, machine learning, edge computing, etc.

Power of Integration

A sign of the industry’s accelerating uptake of analytics came in May when a number of the world’s largest producers made a USD-26 million investment in an industrial-focused analytics startup from Silicon Valley called Maana. The list of financiers includes the venture arms of Saudi Aramco, Chevron, Shell, and GE.

This may be a leading indicator of things to come because rather than focusing on any particular niche solution, Maana is a big-picture analytics platform. Able to reach between different silos within an organization, the program analyzes seemingly disparate sets of operational data and ties them all together.

Donald Thompson, cofounder and president of Maana, said such data integration is able to generate “new knowledge” that oil and gas producers can leverage to drive performance in the field.

“Most projects involve going and tackling a single isolated problem, but everything in a business tends to be highly interrelated,” he explained. “So the failure of an individual pump is very interesting to understand, but its impact on production schedules is also interesting … if one pump fails, how should you adjust all the other pumps in order to still meet your production requirements?”

Thompson, who pioneered knowledge- and semantic-based search engine tools during his 15 years at Microsoft, gave another example of an oil and gas project involving malfunctioning field sensors.
The Role of Induced Unpropped Fractures in Unconventional Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 174946, “The Role of Induced Unpropped Fractures in Unconventional Oil and Gas Wells,” by M.M. Sharma and R. Manchanda, The University of Texas at Austin, prepared for the 2015 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, 28–30 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The term induced unpropped (IU) fractures refers to fractures created around the main propped fracture that are too small to accommodate any proppant. These could include natural fractures and microfractures induced along bedding planes or along other planes of weakness. On the basis of production data, diagnostic methods, and field observations, it is becoming increasingly clear that IU fractures created during the hydraulic-fracturing operation play a critical role in determining the success of fracture treatments.

Introduction

There has been a debate about whether certain shales are naturally fractured. The classic example of this is the Barnett Shale. Many authors have suggested that the Barnett Shale is highly naturally fractured, whereas others have argued that field observations in the Barnett can be explained on the basis of geologic lithofacies and heterogeneity. Observations made on cores clearly indicate the presence of fractures. Mineralization on the faces of these fractures indicates that they are not drilling-induced fractures but are instead native to the Barnett. Similar questions and discussions have arisen about the role of natural and induced fractures in other shale plays.

One reason that it is often difficult to resolve questions about natural fractures in shales is the extreme level of heterogeneity commonly observed in many types of shale. Differences in lithology and the highly laminated nature of many types of shale are apparent when viewing cores from source rocks such as the Eagle Ford Shale. In some instances, the boundary between the lithologically distinct layers is sharp and well-defined, but, in other instances, it is diffuse and displays its own characteristic lithologic gradation. Boundaries between lithologically distinct layers can often act as planes of weakness along which fractures can develop under stress.
Factors Governing the Performance of Multilayered Metal-Mesh Screens
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 178955, “Factors Governing the Performance of Multilayered Metal- Mesh Screens,” by Chu-Hsiang Wu, SPE, and Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, The University of Texas at Austin, and Rajesh Chanpura, SPE, Mehmet Parlar, SPE, and Joseph Ayoub, SPE, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2016 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA, 24–26 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Multilayered metal-mesh screens (MMSs) are widely used as standalone screens for sand control in unconsolidated formations. The nominal rating of such screens is usually based on the specifications of the filter layer. It is often found that screens with the same filter-layer nominal rating perform differently. It is shown in this study that the primary reason for this is that the sand-retention performance of multilayered MMSs is a strong function of not only the filter layer but also the protection layer and the support layer.

Introduction

The sand-retention ability of a multilayered MMS is evaluated by examining the pore-size distribution (PSD) of the screen as well as its slurry-test sand production [the sand-production evaluation is for plain-square-mesh (PSM) screens only]. Three major steps are involved in the evaluation process:

Generate a multilayered virtual mesh assembly (an example is provided in Fig. 1) based on the mesh specification and different layer-overlap, layer-alignment, and relative pore-size-ratio conditions.

Evaluate the PSD of the virtual screen with a specialized filtration model.

Enter the PSD information into the analytical slurry-test model to quantify the sand-retention performance of the target screen. The model incorporated in this study uses the entire PSD of a PSM screen to predict sand production.

Results

Three types of multilayered MMSs— 175-Μm PSM, 250-Μm PSM, and 115-Μm plain Dutch weave (PDW)—are studied. The name of each type corresponds to the nominal rating and the design of the filter layer. All of the MMSs have the same three-layered structure, with one protection layer above and one support layer below the filter layer. The protection and support layers are PSMs with nominal ratings of 542 and 864 Μm, respectively.
Standardization May Hold Key to Future of Major Offshore Projects
Authors: Parshall Joel
Published: January 2017

Reducing the complexity and controlling the cost of major offshore projects are together one of the biggest challenges facing the oil and gas industry. The collapse of oil prices has only accentuated the issue, which was already evident when prices were still at USD 100/bbl. To combat the problem, operators are looking at ways to standardize and simplify projects globally as a means of expediting design, construction, installation, and startup; reducing costs throughout the process; and creating safer, more predictable, reliable facility operations.

The scale and complexity of many deepwater projects have driven costs out of control, despite the cyclical pullback of the past 2 years that has reduced the number of active projects and caused equipment and service providers to cut prices.

An analysis of 400 major projects executed in the last 5 to 10 years, cited by Jim Nyquist of Emerson Process Management in a presentation at the IHS CERAWeek conference in Houston, showed a 65% failure rate based on cost overruns of at least 25% or schedule overruns of at least 50%.

Focus on Capital Efficiency

Many of the projects analyzed were launched before the breadth of the shale revolution was apparent. In a future offshore market recovery, in contrast to prior upturns, potential major projects will likely be evaluated against highly competitive shale development plays in the quest for investment funding. The focus on capital efficiency will be even greater, which is why increasing standardization across global projects is likely to become an essential competitive strategy for major offshore operators irrespective of market conditions.

Probably the broadest initiative so far to push for global standardization in upstream development activity is Joint Industry Project 33 (JIP33), facilitated by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) and supported by the World Economic Forum (WEF), whose “Capital Project Complexity” workstream is being used throughout the project.
Optimal Nanosilica Concentration in Synthetic-Based Mud for HP/HT Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 176036, “Optimal Nanosilica Concentration in Synthetic-Based Muds for High-Pressure/High-Temperature Wells,” by Norazwan Wahid and Muhammad Aslam Md. Yusof, Petronas, and Nor Hazimastura Hanafi, Scomi Oiltools, prepared for the 2015 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

At certain conditions, the good performance of synthetic-based mud (SBM) will degrade, particularly because of the effect of chemical instability under high temperature. The study of nanoparticles in smart fluids in drilling operations has been gaining attention worldwide. This study intends to describe the improvement in performance of SBM with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanopowder (nanosilica) at different concentrations.

Introduction

Recently, research into the use of nanotechnology to design smart fluids containing nanoparticles has been conducted. This enhanced formulation with nanoparticles is intended to become a system optimizer, particularly with an aim toward enhancing filtration performance and providing better rheological behavior. The use of nanoparticles as a system optimizer corresponds with the fact that nanoparticles have better thermal stability [good for high-pressure/ high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions], are able to serve as bridging agents in fluid-loss systems to control lost circulation, and form Pickering emulsions for stabilizer systems.

Although this research began almost a decade ago, there is no consensus about what percentage of nanoparticles must be added to a system to achieve optimal performance of the drilling fluid in reducing the drilling-fluid cost in total. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the role of nanosilica in improving SBM rheological properties and to identify the optimal concentration of nanosilica in SBM formulations.

Experimental Approach

The first part of this study focuses on the performance of nanosilica in the base-mud system, where the testing temperature is 275°F, to understand its behavior at normal drilling temperatures. The second part of this study focuses on evaluating the performance of enhanced SBM formulations with nanosilica at the onset of HP/HT conditions (350°F). The concentration of nanosilica became the modifying parameter in the analysis, and it varies from 20 to 60% of the commercial-fluid-loss-control-additive weight [0.16 to 1.05% of total mud weight (MW)]. Overall, the study focuses on mud properties such as MW, plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), gel strength, electrical stability, and HP/HT fluid-loss volume. A process flow chart, as well as a discussion of testing equipment, is provided in the complete paper.
How Visualization Technology Is Maximizing Uptime
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 176810, “How Visualization Technology Is Maximizing Uptime,” by Ruth Christie, Claire Fleming, and Bob Donnelly, SeaEnergy, and Sean Huff, SE Innovation, prepared for the 2015 SPE Middle East Intelligent Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, 15–16 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper will show that visualization technology, particularly spherical photographic visual-asset management (VAM), has positively affected the offshore industry by creating a wide array of efficiencies. Visualization technology has played a key role in reducing operational expenditure (OPEX) and improving collaboration, thus maximizing uptime across the industry throughout the asset life cycle.

Introduction

Historically, “visualization” for those responsible for topside campaigns has meant relying upon computer-aided-design models created from “as-built” drawings. Unfortunately, the significant drawback of these drawings is that they are rarely kept up to date. As assets now exceed their original life expectancy, thanks to new technologies and engineering practices available to the industry, they often end up being very different than when they were first built.

VAM

The rise of VAM technology has helped operating companies create efficiencies through better planning and improved operational practices. The technology provides a cost-effective alternative by providing up-to-date and high-quality representations of assets that can be used to plan major campaigns as well as routine tasks. The technology simplifies the complex data held within as-built drawings by providing a visual context that is similar to that which users would see if they were standing on the asset itself. This helps the information held within the drawings, and the information within other systems in use for that asset, to be more easily understood.

Spherical photographic VAM technology uses high-quality photographic images to create the ultimate visual representation of the asset, providing a view of the location that is as close to physically being present as possible. The superior quality of the photographs enables users to view at extremely close range the condition, structure, fabric, and content of an asset in a high level of detail.
THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 AND UKRAINIAN OFFICERS: THE CHOISE OF POLITICAL ORIENTATION
Authors: Tiutenko Roman
Published: January 2017

The article is devoted to social and political moods of Ukrainian officers in the Russian imperial army in Ukraine. It shows the conditions of their condition at the fronts of the First World War on the eve of the February revolution of 1917. An attempt was made to ascertain the political position of Ukrainian officers, their moods, behavior, social and political attitudes in the period of revolutionary events in Ukraine in 1917 and in the first months of establishment of the Ukrainian statehood. The article shows the personal officerâ€™s attitude to the change of the political system and the attention is focused on the problem of choosing their political path.
Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Response to Rates and Tank Mixtures of Topramezone and Triclopyr
Authors: Cox Michael C. , Rana Sandeep S. , Brewer John R. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: January 2017

Postemergence herbicide options for mature goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] control in bermudagrass (Cynodon spp. Rich.) turf are lacking. Greenhouse and field trials were conducted to determine the lowest rate at which topramezone, with or without triclopyr, controls goosegrass while maintaining acceptable bermudagrass quality. Greenhouse dose–response studies determined herbicide rates for field trials. In field trials, topramezone at 6.13 to 12.3 g a.i. ha−1 applied twice at a 3‐wk interval eliminated 8‐ to 18‐tiller goosegrass at three of four locations. The same topramezone treatments did not reduce smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] cover more than 53% when applied alone and not more than 84% when applied with triclopyr at 140 g acid equivalent ha−1. The number of days over a threshold of 30% injury or stunting (DOT30) within the 28‐d period following each of two herbicide treatments was calculated for 31 bermudagrass varieties. Bermudagrass injury DOT30 following the first treatment ranged from 11.1 to 17.8 d, depending on variety. The addition of triclopyr increased injury DOT30 but reduced the severity of discoloration by eliminating white tissue discoloration. All varieties were severely injured but completely or near completely recovered by 28 d after each treatment. Generally, topramezone at 6.13 or 12.3 g a.i. ha−1 applied twice controls goosegrass in bermudagrass. Addition of triclopyr improves smooth crabgrass control and decreases severity of bermudagrass injury but increases suprathreshold‐injury duration.
Meiotic Homoeologous Recombination‐Based Alien Gene Introgression in the Genomics Era of Wheat
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cao Yaping , Zhang Mingyi , Zhu Xianwen , Ren Shuangfeng , Long Yuming , Gyawali Yadav , Chao Shiaoman , Xu Steven , Cai Xiwen
Published: January 2017

Wheat (Triticum spp.) has a narrow genetic basis due to its allopolyploid origin. However, wheat has numerous wild relatives usable for expanding genetic variability of its genome through meiotic homoeologous recombination. Traditionally, laborious cytological analyses have been employed to detect homoeologous recombination. This has limited the progress of alien gene introgression in wheat improvement. Here, we used the ph1b mutant and high‐throughput genotyping technologies to identify and facilitate homoeologous recombination‐based alien gene introgression. Genotypes homozygous for ph1b and heterozygous for wheat chromosome 2B and its homoeologue in the wild species Aegilops speltoides Tausch (2S) and Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R. Dewey (2E) were constructed to enhance 2B–2S and 2B–2E meiotic pairing and recombination. Backcross populations were subsequently developed to effectively recover and detect 2B–2S and 2B–2E homoeologous recombination events using the high‐throughput, chip‐based single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay and uniplex SNP‐derived polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. This DNA marker‐mediated approach will enhance the recovery and detection of meiotic homoeologous recombination for alien gene introgression and boost the utilization of alien genes in wheat improvement.
Performance Philosophy: audience participation and responsibility
Authors: Breemen Alice
Published: January 2017

This article critically assesses the position of the spectator in philosophy and (participatory) performances. By means of an in-depth reading of Rancière’s notion of the emancipated spectator, Kester’s theory of dialogical aesthetics and a case study of the performance Order of the Day, an account of the changing position of the audience in contemporary society and in artistic events is established.  Research into the responsibility of the spectator in both philosophy and performance can broaden our understanding of the production and perception of knowledge in an age of media omnipresence. The field of Performance Philosophy provides potential for analyzing where performance and philosophy overlap and how this contributes to asking critical questions and generating new perspectives on how we occupy certain positions in society.
Pharmacognostical studies of in vivo grown garden plant and in vitro generated plantlets from nodal explants of Justicia adhatoda L.
Authors: Bhawna Miss. , Kumar* Santosh , Kumar Rajeev
Published: January 2017

Justicia adhatoda L. (Family: Acanthaceae) has been exploited in India because of rich source of polyphenolic compounds which are used in stress related therapy. The Pharmacognostical study includes preliminary phytochemical screening of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and saponins which were confirmed in both in vivo grown garden plants as well as in vitro generated plantlets of J adhatoda. Explants inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different combination of auxins and cytokinins were successfully employed; combination of NAA (0.5µg/ml) and BA (2.0µg/ml) for nodal explants was found to be effective concentration to obtain plant regenerants from nodal explants. Rooting in the regenerants was also successfully initiated on transfer into half MS basal medium, supplemented with IBA (1.0 µg/ml). Addition of ADS (0.5µg/ml) in the above combinations of phytohormones induced multiple shoot from nodal explants. After hardening for 35 days in highly humidified acclimatized room, nearly 70 % of rooted plantlets survived in the field. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and saponins in the methanol and aqueous extracts of both in vivo grown garden plants and in vitro genereated plantlet samples. Further analysis of the extracts on Thin Layer Chromatography and spectrophotometric estimation confirmed the presence of vasicine alkaloids in these extract samples with marked difference in quantity.
Study on zooplankton diversity with physicochemical parameters of Hukal River, Kodinar Gujarat, India.
Authors: Chavada Nikul B.
Published: January 2017

Plankton refers to plants and animals that drift with the ocean currents and fresh river water. they habitants in the open waters of the sea and fresh river water. Zooplankton (from Greek zoon, or animal) are Small protozoans or metazoans (e.g. crustaceans and other animals) that feed on other plankton and telonemia. Some of the eggs and larvae of larger animals, such as fish, crustaceans and annelids, are included in Zooplankton. Physico-chemical parameters are very important factors that play a significant role in river zooplankton diversity and fluctuation. We evaluated impact of Abiotic factor on plankton diversity during pre, middle and post winter analysis of Hukal River.
Copepod parasites of marine fishes Gazza achlamys (Jordan & Starks, 1917) and Ariomma indica (Day, 1871) from Visakhapatnam coast, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Authors: K.* Siva Prasad , K. Sreeramulu , Prasad N. V.
Published: January 2017

A survey has been conducted to collect copepod parasites from Gazza achlamys (Jordan & Starks, 1917) and Ariomma indica (Day, 1871) off Visakhapatnam coast. Altogether, seven copepod species were identified. They are Caligus kuroshino (Shiino, 1960), Bomolochus decapteri (Yamaguti, 1936), Bomolochus nothrus (Wilson, 1913), Pseudartacolax lateolabracis (Yamaguti et al., 1959), Pumiliopes opisthopteri (Shen, 1957), Lernanthropus amphitergum (Pearse, 1951) and Lernanthropus ilishae (Chin, 1948). A list of hosts parasites and brief description of these parasites has given in this paper.
Connectivity, Corridors and Stepping Stones: Conservation Implications of Roe Deer Distribution on the Eastern Steppe
Authors:   University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01002, USA, Olson Kirk ,   email: kirko@forwild.umass.edu, Zahler Peter ,   Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 485, Post Office 38, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia; e-mail:pzahler@wcs.org, Odonkhuu Daria ,   Department of Ecology, National University of Mongolia, 210646, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; e-mail:otto141@hotmail.com
Published: January 2017

Information was collected on roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) distribution on the Eastern Steppe ofMongolia from 2000 to 2003. During this period, 65 roe deer were observed. Roe Deer were distributedthroughout the Eastern Steppe region, but all sightings occurred in or adjacent to small woodland patchesor riparian woodland. These woodland patches and riparian woodlands are likely to be critical roe deerhabitat on the otherwise open grasslands of eastern Mongolia. From a management perspective, roe deercan function as an ecological focal species for preservation of these habitats, and conservation of roedeer and their woodlands can conserve a suite of other species also dependent upon this habitat and thushelp conserve the biodiversity of Mongolia’s Eastern Steppe.
Changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction protocols: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyukcavus Muhammet Hilmi
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To evaluate the changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and the position of the hyoid bone after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction (Alt-RAMEC) protocols in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion.

Material and Methods:

The patients with skeletal class III malocclusions were consecutively divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients (11 boys and 6 girls, mean age 11.31 ± 1.71 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC protocol for 5 weeks, and group 2 consisted of 17 patients (10 boys and 7 girls, mean age 11.64 ± 1.24 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC procedure for 9 weeks. In this study, 4 angular and 13 linear measurements were performed to evaluate the skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes that occurred after maxillary protraction.

Results:

A significant increase in the maxillary growth, inhabitation of mandibular growth, and clockwise rotation of the mandible caused the improvement of the maxillo-mandibular relationship in both groups. Those changes caused a significant increase in the upper pharyngeal airway dimension (P < .01) and affected the vertical position of the hyoid bone in both groups (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). However, changes that occurred in both groups were found to be similar for all airway variables (P > .05).

Conclusion:

Upper pharyngeal dimension and vertical position of the hyoid bone were affected by the maxillary protraction with different Alt-RAMEC protocols. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups.
Formation of the Post-Soviet Statehood in Central Asia
Authors: Laumulin M. T.
Published: January 2017

The features of formation of statehood in Central Asia in the post-Soviet period are discussed in this article. The author makes the assumption that the Central Asian region has lost the homogeneity, said by researches. The way of construction of nation-states after the collapse of the Soviet Union is traced in this article. Also, it tells about the role of clans and family relations in Central Asia.
Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification–based diagnostic assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida and hemorrhagic septicemia–associated P multocida serotype B:2
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed M. , Bennett Mark D.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To develop 2 rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detection of Pasteurella multocida DNA (Pm-LAMP assay) and P multocida DNA from strains associated with hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in cattle and buffalo (HS-LAMP assay).

SAMPLE Solutions containing 16 P multocida strains and 9 other bacterial species at various concentrations.

PROCEDURES Optimal conditions were determined for running the Pm-LAMP and HS-LAMP assays. The assays were then used to detect DNA of the test organisms. Results of LAMP assays were validated against conventional PCR assays designed for specific detection of P multocida and the B:2 serotype of HS-associated strains.

RESULTS Following incubation of sample reaction mixtures for 27 minutes, specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay at template DNA amounts as low as 5 pg were 93% and 97%, respectively. When duplicates of each sample were incubated for 28 minutes (a positive result defined as positive results for both reactions of a given sample), specificity and sensitivity of the HS-LAMP assay in the same conditions increased to 100%. The best specificity and sensitivity of Pm-LAMP single (93% and 91%) and duplicate (97% and 98%) reactions at template DNA amounts as low as 10 pg were achieved at 33 and 34 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These preliminary findings suggested the developed HS-LAMP assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of HS-associated P multocida. Additional research is needed to determine the accuracy of the assay for use on clinical specimens obtained in HS-endemic countries such as Pakistan and Thailand.
Radiographic assessment of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal large- and small-breed dogs
Authors: Mostafa Ayman A. , Berry Clifford R.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine manubrium heart scores (MHSs) from measurements of cardiac short-axis length (cSAL) and long-axis length (cLAL) relative to the corresponding manubrium length (ML) on thoracic radiographic views of dogs and assess correlation of MHSs with vertebral heart scores (VHSs).

ANIMALS 120 clinically normal large-breed dogs (LBDs) and small-breed dogs (SBDs).

PROCEDURES On right lateral views (RLVs) and ventrodorsal views (VDVs) for each dog, cSAL and cLAL were measured and expressed as a ratio; the cSAL:ML ratio (short-MHS), cLAL:ML ratio (long-MHS), and cSAL-and-cLAL:ML ratio (overall-MHS) were also calculated. The VHS was determined from the RLV. Correlation of VHS with MHS was assessed.

RESULTS On RLVs and VDVs, mean cSAL:cLAL ratios were 0.77 (SD, 0.05) and 0.72 (SD, 0.05), respectively, in 60 LBDs and 0.81 (SD, 0.06) and 0.78 (SD, 0.06), respectively, in 60 SBDs. In LBDs, mean short-MHS, long-MHS, and overall-MHS were 2.1 (SD, 0.22), 2.7 (SD, 0.24), and 4.8 (SD, 0.5), respectively, on RLVs and 2.3 (SD, 0.26), 3.2 (SD, 0.34), and 5.4 (SD, 0.6), respectively, on VDVs. In SBDs, mean short-MHS, long-MHS, and overall-MHS were 2.4 (SD, 0.39), 2.9 (SD, 0.50), and 5.3 (SD, 0.83), respectively, on RLVs and 2.5 (SD, 0.44), 3.2 (SD, 0.51), and 5.8 (SD, 0.92), respectively, on VDVs. Mean VHSs were 10.73 (SD, 0.52) and 10.27 (SD, 0.81) in LBDs and SBDs, respectively. A significant correlation was identified between VHS and each MHS in LBDs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the dogs evaluated, radiographic cardiac dimensions and MHSs were correlated. Validity of the MHS for cardiac dimension assessment in other healthy dogs and dogs with cardiac disease warrants investigation.
Effects of various diets on the calcium and phosphorus composition of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) and superworms (Zophobas morio larvae)
Authors: Latney La'Toya V. , Toddes Barbara D. , Wyre Nicole R. , Brown Dorothy C. , Michel Kathryn E. , Briscoe Johanna A.
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the nutritive quality of Tenebrio molitor larvae and Zophobas morio larvae, which are commonly cultured as live food sources, is influenced by 4 commercially available diets used as nutritional substrates; identify which diet best improved calcium content of larvae; and identify the feeding time interval that assured the highest calcium intake by larvae.

ANIMALS 2,000 Zophobas morio larvae (ie, superworms) and 7,500 Tenebrio molitor larvae (ie, mealworms).

PROCEDURES Larvae were placed in control and diet treatment groups for 2-, 7-, and 10-day intervals. Treatment diets were as follows: wheat millings, avian hand feeding formula, organic avian mash diet, and a high-calcium cricket feed. Control groups received water only. After treatment, larvae were flash-frozen live with liquid nitrogen in preparation for complete proximate and mineral analyses. Analyses for the 2-day treatment group were performed in triplicate.

RESULTS The nutrient composition of the high-calcium cricket feed groups had significant changes in calcium content, phosphorus content, and metabolizable energy at the 2-day interval, compared with other treatment groups, for both mealworms and superworms. Calcium content and calcium-to-phosphorus ratios for larvae in the high-calcium cricket feed group were the highest among the diet treatments for all treatment intervals and for both larval species.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A 2-day interval with the high-calcium cricket feed achieved a larval nutrient composition sufficient to meet National Research Council dietary calcium recommendations for nonlactating rats. Mealworm calcium composition reached 2,420 g/1,000 kcal at 48 hours, and superworm calcium composition reached 2,070g/1,000 kcal at 48 hours. These findings may enable pet owners, veterinarians, insect breeders, and zoo curators to optimize nutritive content of larvae fed to insectivorous animals.
Precision and reliability of indirect population assessments for the Caspian red deerCervus elaphus maral
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Ghoddousi Arash , Hamidi Amirhossein Kh. , Ghasemi Benjamin , Egli Lukas , Voinopol‐Sassu Ana‐Johanna , Kiabi Bahram H. , Balkenhol Niko , Khorozyan Igor , Waltert Matthias
Published: January 2017

The elusive Caspian red deerCervus elaphus marallives at low densities in rugged forest habitats of the Caucasus and the south Caspian region, and its declining population requires urgent attention. We here address the precision and reliability of dung counts (fecal standing crop approach FSC) and camera trapping (random encounter model REM) for estimating its population size. We surveyed 36 km of strip transects arranged in systematic random design and applied 1585 camera trap nights of effort in the mountainous forest habitats of Golestan National Park, Iran. We also conducted a dung decay analysis of 80 samples. Dung decay rates were not habitat‐specific and the mean time to decay was 141.8 ± 15.1 days, i.e. only ca 52% of the most reliable estimate available for red deer dung. Estimated deer population size and density from dung counts was lower (194 ±46 individuals, 0.46 ±0.11 individuals km−2, 2012–2013) than from REM (257 ±84 individuals, 0.61 ± 0.20 individuals km−2, 2011), but this difference was insignificant. Both these estimates confirm a sharp decline of the population from an estimated 2096 animals in the 1970s. Density estimates reached a stable level and were most precise at a sampling effort of 15 transects (FSC) and 1345 camera trap‐days (REM). Our results confirm that FSC and REM can both be reliable for assessing populations of Cervidae.
Screen and Roll: Transmissions of Embodied Knowledge through Canadian Women’s Basketball History
Authors: Blair Kelsey
Published: January 2017

Analyzing the role of cockfights in Balinese culture, Clifford Geertz argues, “Attending cockfights and participating in them is, for the Balinese, a kind of sentimental education. What he learns there is what his culture’s ethos and his private sensibility (or anyway, certain aspects of them) look like when spelled out externally in a collective text” (449). Geertz’s thesis can be applied to Western sport: particularly in the twentieth century, sport was a place where men went to learn physical skills, values, and sentiments associated with masculinity. In this article, I examine the residue of sport’s male-dominated history through performative writing. I weave together historical quotations, performance theory, and a personal narrative about my experiences as a female basketball player and coach to consider the relationship between female bodies, the practice of sport, and the transmission of embodied knowledge. Ultimately, I argue that embodied repertoire is a significant site for the transmission of sport technique and the study of sport history.
Evaluating Plant Population and Replant Method Effects on Peanut Planted in Twin Rows
Authors: Sarver J.M. , Tubbs R.S. , Beasley J.P. , Culbreath A.K. , Grey T.L. , Rowland D. L. , Smith N.B.
Published: January 2017

Achieving and maintaining an adequate plant stand is a major priority when making planting and early season management decisions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Unpredictable and often extreme weather and high disease pressure in the southeastern United States can contribute to poor emergence and below-optimum plant stands. When plant stand is affected, replanting may be agronomically justified. This study was designed to determine i) the effect of plant stand on pod yield, market grade, and disease incidence in peanut seeded in a twin row pattern, (ii) if replanting is a viable option in a field with a below adequate stand and, iii) the best method for replanting peanut when an adequate stand is not achieved. Field trials were established at two locations in south Georgia in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut production at four plant stands (7.4, 9.8, 12.3, and 14.8 plants/m [total plants/m across both units, or ‘twins' of the twin row pattern) and four replant methods (no replant, destroy the original stand and replant at a full seeding rate, add a reduced rate of seed to supplement the original stand with a single row between the original rows, and supplement with two additional rows with one between and the other next to the original rows). Replanting occurred when the stand had been established, an average of 24 days after initial planting. Pod yield at a stand of 12.3 plants/m was 6.6 and 5.8% greater than at a stand of 7.4 and 9.8 plants/m, respectively, with no benefit from increasing plant stand beyond 12.3 plants/m. Market grade was also maximized at 12.3 plants/m. Disease incidence was unaffected by plant stand. Yield was increased by supplementing an initial stand of 9.8 plants/m in both a single additional row and in two additional rows by 8.3 and 6.6%, respectively. A full replant of the original stand always resulted in lower yield, while grade was slightly increased in the full replant treatment. While an initial stand of 12.3 plants/m was needed in order to maintain yield potential, replanting via supplemental seed addition can recover lost yield at stands below this level.
Glass Box Method for Easy Solar Analysis Using Building Information Modelling
Authors: Tomasowa Riva
Published: January 2017

Tropical sunlight contributes to raising a buildings internal temperature outside of the comfort zone. Simulating a sun study would give valuable information to determine a better design decision. However, the architect does not always interpret simulation results when deciding which orientation is best for their design. Possibly, a more user-friendly statistics chart of a simulation report is required. This simulation uses BIM to give an answer to such challenges. First, an equilateral-based model, which is articulated by an opening on every face, and satisfies BEM requirements, is constructed. Then the solar analysis is conducted in a tropical warm, humid site, Jakarta. As a result, the radiation from sunrise to noon carries the significant impact of radiation to the base model. By using a simple method, the solar analysis can easily be transformed into an orientation information. This approach enables an understanding of the solar radiation characteristics before starting the design stage.
Information and Communications Technology in Construction: A Proposal for Identifying the Root Causes of CPI
Authors: Orihuela Pablo , Orihuela Jorge , Pacheco Santiago
Published: January 2017

To improve feedback from the Cost Performance Index (CPI), it is necessary to identify the reasons why Actual Cost differs from Planned Cost. At present, this information is collected and transferred orally, on paper, by telephone or e-mail. This paper proposes an information and communication technology that uploads information to an Intranet using electronic devices and mobile applications, thus encouraging the participation of workers and other stakeholders. This proposal aims to contribute towards information quality improvement in Production Control.
Optimisation of Public Building Projects in the Design Phase
Authors: Hajnal István
Published: January 2017

Currently, as a result of the recession, governments are deeply involved in public investment projects to promote economic growth. Public building projects (museums, universities, theatres), compared with private investments, have a range of specialist requirements. Among others, public project should serve political, cultural, social and urban interests. In the preparation phase, those interests are dominant, and overall cost-efficiency is only a secondary level decision factor. However, this factor must be taken into account and together with all other requirements, is an essential part of the project design phase. This process must be a part of a well-established feedback mechanism, which incorporates public requirements, building cost calculation, and other decision making factors related to the public investment project.A number of methods are well known for operational cost optimisation such as LCC analysis, Value Engineering, and benchmarking. After close investigation of the scientific literature, the author will describe potential organisational models, which incorporate evaluation and optimisation of building operational costs. The article suggests further research directions.
Diversity of DNA Replication in the Archaea
Authors: Ausiannikava Darya , Allers Thorsten
Published: January 2017

DNA replication is arguably the most fundamental biological process. On account of their shared evolutionary ancestry, the replication machinery found in archaea is similar to that found in eukaryotes. DNA replication is initiated at origins and is highly conserved in eukaryotes, but our limited understanding of archaea has uncovered a wide diversity of replication initiation mechanisms. Archaeal origins are sequence‐based, as in bacteria, but are bound by initiator proteins that share homology with the eukaryotic origin recognition complex subunit Orc1 and helicase loader Cdc6). Unlike bacteria, archaea may have multiple origins per chromosome and multiple Orc1/Cdc6 initiator proteins. There is no consensus on how these archaeal origins are recognised— some are bound by a single Orc1/Cdc6 protein while others require a multi‐ Orc1/Cdc6 complex. Many archaeal genomes consist of multiple parts—the main chromosome plus several megaplasmids—and in polyploid species these parts are present in multiple copies. This poses a challenge to the regulation of DNA replication. However, one archaeal species (Haloferax volcanii) can survive without replication origins; instead, it uses homologous recombination as an alternative mechanism of initiation. This diversity in DNA replication initiation is all the more remarkable for having been discovered in only three groups of archaea where in vivo studies are possible.