bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empreendedorismo informal em balneários marítimos: o caso da atividade comercial turística de vendedores ambulantes de Pontal do Paraná – Paraná – Brasil
Authors: Vieira Raquel Dos Santos , Chemin Marcelo
Published: January 2020

O artigo analisa o empreendedorismo informal relativo à atividade comercial turística dos vendedores ambulantes do município balneário de Pontal do Paraná – PR – Brasil. Trata-se de atividade economicamente expressiva por ser praticada por aproximadamente 2,5% da população fixa total do referido município (IBGE, 2018). Com abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, a pesquisa foi delineada como estudo de caso e utilizou como estratégias de investigação: pesquisa documental, entrevistas não estruturadas e semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionários. Os resultados apontaram que a atividade está organizada a partir da Associação dos Vendedores Ambulantes de Pontal do Paraná – AVAPAR e da Prefeitura Municipal. Os vendedores ambulantes apresentaram perfil empreendedor, informaram apreço pela função exercida, desinteresse por outro emprego e pelo vínculo formal da carteira assinada, trabalham em cooperação e buscam realizar parcerias entre si.
Agronegócio e reforma agrária: discursos, símbolos e os elementos de análise na relação política
Authors: Faxina Pacheco Cássia Morgana , Carvalho Hilda Alberton de
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho objetiva uma reflexão sobre a separação em dois tipos de agricultura que se formaram no Brasil e entender suas origens e a razão de serem colocadas como antagônicas. Considerando os constantes e perpétuos ataques à política pública de reforma agrária, este trabalho fará uma Análise do Discurso da Frente Parlamentar Agropecuária (FPA) a fim de se aprofundar na narrativa que tem sido formatada desde a redemocratização do país e provocar reflexões sobre esse discurso nos últimos anos. Conclui-se que essa disputa tem implicação direta na destinação do fundo público e no modelo de Estado que cada um desses grupos almeja.
Editorial
Authors: Hoffmann-Horochovski Marisete T. , Azevedo Natália Tavares
Published: January 2020

Guaju, vol. 5, n.2, jul./dez. 2019
WOOD DRYERS: A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASED CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Figueiró Clarissa Gusmão , Carneiro Angélica de Cássia Oliveira , Fialho Lucas De Freitas , Magalhães Mateus Alves , Ribeiro Gabriel Browne de Deus , Ferreira Fernanda Barbosa
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to evaluate the technical and economic viability of a wood dryer in the charcoal production. Drying was carried out for 72 hours using wood from Eucalyptus sp. in two classes of diameter. The average admission temperature of combustion gases in the dryer was 100-150ºC. It was determined the mass of water withdrawn by drying and estimated the amount of wood that would be consumed during the pyrolysis to remove the same amount of water, being this wood converted into charcoal mass. In the economic analysis were determined the indicators net present value, internal rate of return and discounted payback. The dryer presented technical feasibility, reducing wood moisture by 8% and, consequently, increasing the charcoal productivity by 3.3%, and economic viability, with good financial indicators for current market conditions, including a discounted payback of 6 years. In this way, the use of a wood dryer was presented as an efficient way to take advantage of an environmental liability of pyrolysis, which contributes to the increase of sustainability in the charcoal production.
INFLUENCE OF FOREST COVERAGE IN THE SURFACE ALBEDO
Authors: Alba Elisiane , Marchesan Juliana , Schuh Mateus Sabadi , Favarin José Augusto Spiazzi , Silva Emanuel Araújo , Pereira Rudiney Soares
Published: January 2020

The surface albedo controls the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere, being a primordial variable to identify climatic variations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of the surface albedo in different Land Use and Land Cover in the Atlantic Forest biome from images TM/Landsat 5 and OLI/Landsat 8, verifying its variation in 30 years. The images used were path-row 221-080, which covered the Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula on the dates of 1987 and 2017. The albedo was obtained by the method of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land, while the mapping of Land Use and Land Cover was performed by the Bhattacharyya algorithm, identifying four thematic classes. Finally, the albedo was crossed with the thematic classes, evidencing their variation in function of the changes in the land cover. The surface albedo ranged from 6 to 22%, but the year 1987 concentrated albedo values higher than in 2017. The native forest presented superior albedo to the Forest Plantations in both dates due to the structure of the canopy of this class. The spatial analysis of the albedo exposes the relation of this climatic variable to the cover of the terrestrial surface. Thus changes in the vegetation cover cause alterations in the albedo, influencing changes in the radiation and atmospheric fluxes.
INFLUENCE OF ACICULAS DEPOSITION ON NATURAL REGENERATION IN SUB-WOODS OF Pinus taeda L. FOREST STAND
Authors: Fockink Guilherme Diego , Pech Tatiani Maria , Silva Mayrine , Siminski Alexandre , Niemeyer Júlia Carina
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted in a commercial forest stand of Pinus taeda L. located in Curitibanos, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the physical barrier caused by the deposition of aciculas, on natural regeneration mechanisms of native species in sub-woods of P. taeda L. forest stand. Three plots (10 x 10 m) were installed in the sub-woods of the forest stand, and the natural regeneration was evaluated in the control (presence of aciculas) and clean (absence of aciculas) subplots, in addition to the seeds rain and soil seeds bank. The density and frequency parameters (absolute and relative) and the Shannon-Weaver Index (H’) were calculated, and the total density values of the seeds rain and seeds bank were subjected to ANOVA (p<0.05), while the density of regenerative seedlings was subjected to Student’s t Test (p<0.05), using the Software R Studio ®. The density of regenerative seedlings (ind.m-2) was higher in clean subplots, statistically. No significant statistical difference was observed for the density parameter (ind.m-2) among the subplots for the soil seeds bank, but only for the seeds rain. Shannon Diversity Index was higher in the plots closer to the fragment in all evaluated mechanisms. The obtained results indicate that the litter layer acts as a physical barrier to the breeding of the seeds bank and prevents the arrival of the seeds rain propagules directly to the soil, hindering the establishment of native plants and, consequently, the natural regeneration in the sub-woods.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ASHES FROM FOREST BIOMASS COMBUSTION IN BOILERS: A SYSTEMIC VIEW OF POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Henne Reny Aldo , Brand Martha Andreia , Schein Viviane Aparecida Spinelli , Pereira Ederson Rodrigues , Schveitzer Bianca
Published: January 2020

The description of the ash formation process during biomass burning and the determination of its physical and energetic properties are fundamental for the improvement of energy generation processes and the prospection of this residue’s reuse. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the energy quality of the biomass burned and the ash generated in the boiler of a thermal power plant that uses forest biomass as fuel, as well as to consider the potential applications of this residue. To this end, the following properties of the ashes collected at four different collection points of the boiler (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) were determined: moisture content; organic and inorganic elemental composition; proximate composition; and gross calorific value. The biomass was calcined in the laboratory and evaluated together with the ashes from calcination to compare the results. Although the wood biomass used by the thermal power plant was a residual material, it presented high energy quality. The physical, chemical and energetic properties of the ashes produced in the boiler varied according to the thermal power plant’s operation conditions. The ashes collected in the hopper showed a high energy potential, but further studies about furnace reconfiguration and retention time in the chamber are needed to allow its efficient burning for energy generation. Ashes from the hopper have the potential to be used as household charcoal and as biochar. The results obtained in this study are fundamentally important and provide a basis for further studies.
ROOTING OF Inga edulis Mart. (LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE) MINI-CUTTINGS
Authors: Berude Marciana Christo , Araújo Emanuel França , Sant'Ana Bruna Tomaz , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Gonçalves Elzimar De Oliveira
Published: January 2020

Seeds of the species Inga edulis are recalcitrant and lose viability quickly, which restricts seedling production at only a certain time of the year. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the potential of mini-cutting and the influence of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the vegetative propagation of Inga edulis. The vegetative material was collected from juvenile plants from a clonal mini-garden. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five replications and each experimental unit with eight cuttings. Treatments consisted of different IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg kg−1). The percentage of live and rooted mini-cuttings, number of roots emitted from the base, longest root length, total number of roots, fine root length, total root length, root surface area, weighted average root diameter, root volume, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, specific root length, specific root surface area, and root density were analyzed after 45 days in a greenhouse. All Inga edulis mini-cuttings survived, and rooting was over 85%. IBA concentrations had no significant effect on most of the analyzed variables. However, exogenous auxin concentration between 2000 and 4636.96 mg kg−1 provided mini-cuttings with a higher number of roots, surface area, and root volume. Rooting of juvenile Inga edulis mini-cuttings may occur without the use of IBA.
FOREST-BASED INDUSTRY IN PARANÁ: BIOENERGY CLUSTERING AND GENERATION
Authors: Hersen Amarildo , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano , Silva Dimas Agostinho , Da Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro , Ferrera de Lima Jandir
Published: January 2020

The territorial proximity of economic and social agents operating in an activity can result in agglomeration economies related, among other things, to more ease of access to knowledge, training of skilled labor, raw materials and equipment. The problem of the present research is to understand if there is a concentration of timber products from forest-based industries in the state of Paraná. The goal of this study was to identify the regions of Paraná that make up the main cluster of the forest-based industry and analyze it from the perspective of the installed capacity for electric power generation from forest biomass. The research methodology adopted was multivariate analysis, by interdependence technique, through cluster analysis. This technique makes it possible to classify the Paraná regions into groups so that each region resembles the others in the cluster but differs from the other clusters based on a set of characteristics – number of forest-based industries, number of jobs in the forest-based industry, Tax Value Added and planted forest area. The results suggest the existence of two clusters. In the main cluster, all the Geographic Microregions exploit forest biomass for electric power generation, and account for 99.4% of the total capacity of Paraná in terms of electricity generation from forest biomass, with potential for expanding the installed capacity.
FIREFIGHTING COMBAT WITH FIRE RETARDANTS AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Fiedler Nilton César , Lacerda Guilherme Rizo , Cordeiro Ramalho Antonio Henrique , Christo Berude Leandro , Neves Felipe Patricio , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski
Published: January 2020

Forest fires are responsible for the destruction of millions of hectares of forest worldwide, and they lead to diverse economic, social, and landscape damage. Thus, the development of techniques to combat them has become increasingly necessary. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency of different fire retardants at different concentrations in fighting forest fires, considering the burning times and intensities of forest fuel. The study was conducted inside Eucalyptus spp. stands using three fire retardants (Silv-Ex, F-500, and HoldFire) at three concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2%), in addition to a water-only control. A completely randomized design was used, and the statistical analysis was completed based on experimental arrangements (factorial 3x3). Variables evaluated during the burning process were as follows: burning times (the time required for the flames to consume all forest fuel within the sample, with and without the retardant) and intensity of burning. Results regarding the time and intensity of burning in relation to the concentrations indicated a decreasing trend as the latter were increased, classifying the highest dose (2%) as the most efficient. For the retardants, all were observed to be efficient, with Silv-Ex being the most appropriate as it significantly reduced the burning intensity and increased the burning time of the forest fuel.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND MIXED-EFFECTS MODELING TO DESCRIBE THE STEM PROFILE OF Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Bonete Izabel Passos , Arce Julio Eduardo , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Retslaff Fabiane Aparecida de Souza , Lanssanova Luciano Rodrigo
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and mixed-effects models (MEMs) in describing the stem profile of Pinus taeda L., using sample data from 246 trees. First, three taper functions of different classes were adjusted: non-segmented, segmented, and variable-form. To adjust the models, the nonlinear regression technique (nls) was used. In the best performance equation for nls-adjusted diameter estimates, the nonlinear MEM (nlme) was applied at two levels, using the age class (ci) and DBH class (cd). For this, three different study scenarios were considered, with the number of coefficients with random effects ranging from one to three in each scenario. The adjustments were made using the nls and nlme functions in R software. The selected mixed-effect equations were compared with ANNs generated in Neuro 4.0 software. The taper function models and ANNs were classified according to statistical criteria and graphical analysis of residues. The tapering equation of Bi (2000) presented better performance for diameter estimates than the non-segmented and segmented equations. Application of the nlme technique in the Bi (2000) equation increased the accuracy of the diameter estimates for Pinus taeda, in relation to the adjustment using the nls technique. In the comparison of ANNs with the variations of the Bi equation of mixed-effects, the networks performed better, indicated in the description of the P. taeda profile.
ENTRE SONHOS E DEVANEIOS: O ESPAÇO COMO COMPONENTE FUNDAMENTAL NAS NARRATIVAS FANTÁSTICAS
Authors: Soares Livia Maria Rosa , Moura da Silva Antonia Marly
Published: January 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar a importância do espaço na construção de sentidos na narrativa fantástica, tomando como exemplo o conto Onírico de Caio Fernando Abreu. A partir da análise desse conto, podemos ver como o autor transporta para o seu texto questões que afetam o sujeito pós-moderno, especialmente as relacionadas às relações humanas muitas vezes marcadas por laços frágeis e inconsistentes. Dessa forma, nesta narrativa, o fantástico e o insólito atuam para representar a realidade cotidiana e a fragilidade das relações humanas. Nosso suporte teórico será desenvolvido a partir das ideias de Roas (2012), Ceserani (2006), Gama-Khalil (2012), Borges Filho (2007), Brandão (2013), entre outros.
GÊNERO REDAÇÃO NO ENEM: DO LETRAMENTO À INTERDISCURSIVIDADE ENTRE AUTOR E REVISOR
Authors: Menger Jonathan Bernardo
Published: January 2020

o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) dispõe de importante relevância ao se tratar do ingresso de estudantes de Ensino Médio no Ensino Superior. Na capacitação contínua do aluno para a prova, o letramento é um fator primordial na construção do conhecimento sobre leitura e produção textual. Sendo assim, o presente artigo objetiva levantar possibilidades de analisar esse gênero por meio da teoria discursiva bakhtiniana, no que tange aos critérios de avaliação imbricados nas cinco competências contempladas no Exame, uma vez que discurso e gênero estão entrelaçados nos estudos sobre dialogismo. Por fim, é possível conceber a existência de relações interdiscursivas entre o aluno produtor e o professor revisor, à medida que se estabelece entre eles uma relação ativo-responsiva daquilo que se pretende e se faz com o texto, o qual se veicula sob determinados critérios de organização. Desta forma, é possível concluir que analisar um corpus por meio da teoria dialógica do discurso oportuniza observar essa atividade como algo não pronto, mas em constante processo de criação, uma vez que as interações interdiscursivas são concretas e heterogêneas. Além disso, o conhecimento desse recorte teórico pode possibilitar práticas pedagógicas mais eficientes ao trabalho docente nas áreas do conhecimento que abrangem essas especificidades.
O BRINCAR E ATIVIDADE CRIADORA EM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Oliveira Delboni Beatriz , Vendramini-Zanella Daniela Aparecida
Published: January 2020

RESUMO: Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência relacionada à atividade de formação docente a partir dos relatórios, que descrevem a elaboração de propostas de ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa, criados por alunos-professores no Grupo Tempo de Aprender. Para isso, apresentamos algumas atividades do grupo sob os conteúdos temáticos: brincar e atividade criadora ligados à concepção vygotskyana em propostas de ensino-aprendizagem e selecionamos dois excertos advindos dos relatórios dos alunos-professores, analisando-os por meio de categorias argumentativas e os interpretando conforme conceitos revisitados em estudos bibliográficos. Mesmo partindo de breve análise e descrição, constatamos que os alunos-professores buscam dialogar teoria e prática ao discutir conceitos ligados ao ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa, evidenciando traços de desenvolvimento na formação docente.
Polícia, PCC e dispositivo letal em São Paulo
Authors: Romero Gabriel De Sousa
Published: January 2020

No contexto democrático brasileiro contemporâneo, a equação entre eficiência policial e amplo respeito aos direitos civis resulta num paradoxo: o uso continuamente abusivo, excessivo e seletivo da força pelas polícias, contribui decisivamente à manutenção de índices elevados de homicídios dolosos. Além dos altos índices de letalidade policial verificados nas últimas décadas, a orientação punitivista das políticas de controle do crime são atestadas também pelo cenário de encarceramento em massa, que expõem os detentos a situações degradantes de aprisionamento. Inserido neste contexto, a emergência do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) no início da década de 1990 e sua atuação nas prisões paulistas e em comunidades periféricas, é decisiva para compreender a regulação do uso da força pelo Estado e a influência da organização criminal na gestão dos conflitos violentos do “mundo do crime”. Diante dessa conjuntura, a pesquisa buscou problematizar o uso da força pelas agências policiais e o pelo PCC em São Paulo, a fim de discutir a tendência de militarização das forças policiais, bem como as implicações das relações entre agências estatais e criminais na determinação de políticas de segurança.
Biografias de imigrantes poloneses que se tornaram nomes de endereços na cidade de Curitiba PR
Authors: Rocha Rafaela Mascarenhas
Published: January 2020

Este artigo é parte da amostra dos dados coletados em pesquisa junto a membros do grupo de imigrantes poloneses em Curitib a, que emprestaram postumamente seus nomes para endereços na capital paranaense. Trazemos aqui algumas informações referentes às biografias de dez imigrantes que atualmente são nomes de ruas em Curitiba, a localização de cada uma dessas ruas, uma descrição sobre os logradouros quanto à extensão, se são vias de transporte coletivo, se são áreas comerciais ou predominantemente residenciais e outras características e também ainda há informações sobre o processo de oficialização de cada um deles junto ao po d er público municipal. Neste artigo não serão problematizadas questões como, por exemplo, se há uma lógica para as homenagens, que obedeça a uma relação de importância entre homenageado e logradouro, ou níveis diferentes de prestígio entre os homenageados, pois essas são informações ainda em processo de análise em um estudo maior. As trajetórias aqui apresentadas serão as seguintes: Edmundo Saporski, Jerônimo Durski e M adame Curie (Maria
O Movimento de Três Passos e o processo de construção de hegemonia
Authors: Aver Gabriel Pancera
Published: January 2020

Por meio da experiência do primeiro movimento armado contra o regime militar brasileiro, conhecido como Movimento de Três Passos, o presente artigo busca refletir sobre o processo de construção de hegemonia, por meio dos aportes teóricos de Gramsci, reflexionando acerca do agenciamento de coerção e consenso em relação ao referido Movimento. Por meio da análise de fontes históricas primárias, busca-se relacionar a narrativa midiática acerca do Movimento com a formação de uma opinião pública específica e, em última instância, a construção de um consenso tácito de aversão ao comunismo, tanto em nível micro, com a experiência de Três Passos, quanto em nível macro, deslocando a referida problemática ao contexto da redemocratização. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho colabora na reflexão acerca do agenciamento de consenso no contexto da ditadura militar, entendido como um processo contínuo e conflituoso, para repensar a redemocratização nacional dentro da chave analítica da construção de hegemonia.
O conceito de indivíduo em Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Dias Michel Aires de Souza
Published: January 2020

Quando o indivíduo se libertou do mundo medieval, não havia mais a Igreja e os códigos sociais e morais que formavam sua individualidade. Não havia mais nenhuma referência ou modelo que pudesse lhe servir de guia. O resultado disso foi a deterioração do próprio indivíduo, que se viu subjugado pelas leis impessoais do mercado. A partir desse diagnóstico, o presente artigo pretende refletir sobre a constituição do indivíduo na sociedade moderna. Em um primeiro momento, procura-se argumentar que a sociedade tem uma função fundamental na transformação do indivíduo em uma mônada, ou seja, em um ser atomizado, alienado e determinado em seu íntimo pela lei social estabelecida da exploração econômica. A partir disso, mostra-se como o indivíduo se constitui como um ser social, sendo reduzido a um corpo reificado, adestrado, que deve se adaptar aos mecanismos que regulam a produção
A modernidade nos clássicos da Sociologia: percepções acerca do mundo moderno em Tocqueville, Durkheim e Weber
Authors: Carvalho Renan Oliveira de
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo procura trazer reflexões acerca das concepções sobre a modernidade em três dos maiores clássicos da sociologia, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber e Alexis de Tocqueville. A proposta é fornecer uma visão introdutória sobre a abordagem sociológica e os diagnósticos que esses autores ofereceram acerca da experiência moderna. Para isso, busco introduzir o leitor à discussão a partir do pensamento do historiador Reinhart Koseleck sobre a temporalidade moderna, para a partir desta lente tentar lançar luz às concepções acerca do mundo moderno nos três autores clássicos mencionados
Da teoria à prática: educação das relações étnico-raciais na educação infantil
Authors: Santos Carolina Valentin dos , Vieira Mariane Conceição
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar se a cultura afro-brasileira é de fato trabalhada nas escolas de educação infantil e se sim, de que forma isso se efetiva e como as crianças reagem. Para tanto, empreendeu-se uma pesquisa interveniente com crianças de 3 e 4 anos em uma instituição de ensino pública e em outra privada, apresentando-lhes um conto de fadas com personagens negros, somada ainda à realização de entrevistas com as professoras dessas escolas para verificar suas perspectivas e iniciativas didáticas em torno do assunto. O suporte teórico foi firmado nos constructos de Michel Foucault e Erving Goffmann, dialogando com o conceito de normalização e de estigma, respectivamente, os quais fornecem uma possibilidade analítica acerca das reações das crianças e dos posicionamentos das professoras. Através dessa estratégia, verificou-se que, apesar de respaldado por lei, o estudo da cultura não é assegurado, acabando por causar um distanciamento da cultura afro-brasileira e uma dificuldade na construção da identidade da criança.
Uncertainties in attenuation relations for New Zealand seismic hazard analysis
Authors: McVerry G. H.
Published: January 2020

Probabilistic techniques for seismic hazard analysis have come into vogue in New Zealand for both the assessment of major projects and the development and review of seismic design codes. However, there are considerable uncertainties in the modelling  of the strong-motion attenuation, which is necessarily based largely on overseas data. An excellent agreement is obtained between an average 5% damped response spectrum for New Zealand alluvial sites in the 20 to 59 km distance range and 5.4 to 6.0 magnitude class and that given by a Japanese model. Unfortunately, this corresponds to only about half the amplitude levels of 150 year spectra relevant to code design. The much more rapid decay of ground shaking with distance in New Zealand has led to a considerable modification based on maximum ground acceleration data from the Inangahua earthquake of the distance-dependence of the Japanese response spectra model. Less scatter in New Zealand data has resulted in adopting a lower standard deviation for the attenuation model, which is important in reducing the considerable "probabilistic enhancement" of the hazard estimates. Regional differences in attenuation shown by intensities are difficult to resolve from the strong-motion acceleration data, apart from lower accelerations in Fiordland.
Hysteresis loops for timber structures
Authors: Dowrick D. J.
Published: January 2020

This paper reviews experimentally determined hysteresis loops for timber structures, including moment-resisting joints with (i) steel and (ii) plywood side plates, (iii) shear walls clad with various materials, and (iv) push-pull tests on various connection details. The paper compares bending and push-pull hysteresis loops for nailed steel side-plate joints. An attempt is made to classify the above hysteretic behaviour for analytical purposes, and the available computer models are reviewed for applicability to these hysteresis shapes.
An economic solution for stabilising a slender arch roof
Authors: Spurr D. D.
Published: January 2020

A special study was made to evaluate the seismic response of the ribs of four reinforced concrete arch aircraft hangars and to assess methods of strengthening the ribs. The study was based on a series of non linear dynamic analyses of the arch ribs, with particular consideration being given to the choice of earthquake records, to the effect of P-delta actions on the arch responses and to the validity of the behaviour predicted by the computer program. The analyses indicated that the arch ribs could become unstable as a result of the P-delta effect acting in combination with reduction in the rib stiffness due to concrete cracking. However, the study also shows that the arches can be stablised very economically by using prestressing strand to provide cross bracing.
Seismic design of storage tanks
Authors: Priestley M. J. N. , Wood J. H. , Davidson B. J.
Published: January 2020

A study group of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering has recently completed recommendations for the Seismic Design of Storage Tanks, in a form suitable to be used as a code by the design profession. The recommendations cover design criteria, loading, actions and details and are based on a consistent philosophy of serviceability under the design level earthquake. This paper provides a review of the study group's recommendations.
Advances in design of eccentrically braced frames
Authors: Popov Egor P. , Kasai Kazuhiko , Engelhardt Michael D.
Published: January 2020

Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) have attained recognized status as a viable structural steel system for resisting lateral seismic forces. Sustained research at the University of California, Berkeley, since 1977 and numerous field applications provide a good database for their proper design. In this paper the different types of EBF are critically evaluated, and the kinematics of their inelastic deformation are examined with particular reference to the behaviour of isolated short beam segments or links. Desirable link length and web stiffening are recommended. A preliminary design procedure for hand-calculation of EBFs is described and some suggestions for brace connection details are advanced.
Cyclic loading tests on steel portal frame knee joints
Authors: Beamish M. J.
Published: January 2020

The results of cyclic loading tests on three full-size portal frame knee joints are presented. All members complied with the flange and web slenderness limits for plastic design (AS 1250-1981) but were the lightest sections for their respective depths. Large decreases in load capacity were observed when either lateral-torsional or combined local flange and web buckling occurred. Lateral restraint forces were measured and were found to exceed the minimum ultimate strength values specified by the design code rules. One fully welded connection and two bolted connections were used and suffered only minor damage during the tests.
On California structural steel seismic design
Authors: Popov Egor P.
Published: January 2020

A number of new code developments, largely initiated in California, are taking place in the USA for the seismic design of steel structures.  The principal ones are reviewed and commented upon in the paper. Key experimental support for some of the changes is indicated. Major attention is directed to the three main types of steel construction: moment resisting frames, concentrically braced steel frames, and, the relatively new method for seismic design, eccentric bracing. Some of the proposed and possible practical improvements in moment-resisting connections are given: the reasons for some concern over the use of concentrically braced frames for severe seismic applications are discussed; and a brief overview on the application of eccentrically braced steel frames is presented. The paper concludes with a few remarks on future trends and needs in structural steel seismic design.
Seismic code development for steel structures
Authors: Krawinkler Helmut
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses revisions proposed by the Structural Engineers Association of California for the seismic design of steel structures. Several of the new provisions are drastic departures from current practice and are expected to have a considerable impact on design. The proposed changes are discussed from the perspectives of the practising engineer, the researcher, and the committee that drafted the new provisions.
Earthquake engineering research and practice in Mexico after the 1985 earthquakes
Authors: Esteva Luis
Published: January 2020

This paper was presented as a keynote address at the Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Wairakei, 5-8 August 1987.
Bay of Plenty earthquake
Authors: Allwood M. J. R.
Published: January 2020

Legislation sets down that the Commission is charged with the duty of executing the provisions of the Earthquake and War Damage Act and to exercise such other functions as are conferred upon it by the Act and any Regulations.

The Commission is given no other powers. It is merely charged with the administration of the E Q W D legislation and cannot do things or approve things not authorised by legislation.

The Commission is primarily concerned with policy matters. Administrative matters are my responsibility and I answer directly to the Minister in Charge of the Commission who is the Hon Roger Douglas with assistance from the Hon Peter Neilson.

Although the Commission operates solely from headquarters based in Wellington, over recent years it has adopted a policy whereby it has set up office on site wherever a disaster has occurred. This is in order that the public could both lodge a claim and discuss any matters directly with Commission staff.
A modified approach to earthquake resistant design of torsionally coupled buildings
Authors: Chandler A. M. , Hutchinson G. L.
Published: January 2020

All major building codes employ empirical procedures to account for modal coupling between the lateral and torsional responses of a structure. These procedures are implemented using expressions defining an equivalent static design torque. The provisions are based largely on the results of parametric investigations of the earthquake response of simple single-storey building models, which are found to be representative of regular multi-storey structures. This paper presents results obtained by the analysis of the time-history earth- quake response of a single storey mono-symmetric building model, leading to the development of an alternative approach for defining the design torque for torsionally coupled buildings. The procedure is based on the concept of effective eccentricity, in which the design lateral displacements of key structural members on the edge of the building are matched to the results of a dynamic analysis. A close approximation to the dynamic responses is derived over the relevant ranges of the important parameters. These parameters include the ratio of torsional to translational natural frequencies, which strongly influences the magnitude of torsional coupling effects in asymmetric buildings.
Emergency guideline for classification of risk levels of earthquake damaged reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Otani Shunsuke
Published: January 2020

As a part of Coordinated Technical Project on the Development of Repair and Strengthening Techniques for Buildings and Structures Damaged by Earthquakes, initiated in 1981 by Ministry of Constructiont Guidelines for Post-Earthquake Inspection and Evaluation of Earthquake Damage in Reinforced Concrete Buildings were developed. This paper describes the Guideline for Emergency Inspection and Evaluation for Hazard Risk of Damaged Buildings toward Aftershocks, which is intended for technical officers of a municipal government to evaluate a risk of damaged buildings immediately after earthquake hazards and to determine safe public buildings for use as places for evacuation and medical treatment. Damages of structural members, possible falling and overturning objects are to be investigated by external observation of a building.
A revision of attenuation relationships for Modified Mercalli intensity in New Zealand earthquakes
Authors: Dowrick D. J.
Published: January 2020

This study of attenuation of Modified Mercalli intensity in New Zealand earthquakes used a carefully selected set of isoseismal maps from 30 events with magnitudes ranging from ML= 5.0 to Ms = 7.8, and depths ranging from very shallow to 65 km. A completely revised set of magnitudes was used. A two-step stratified regression analysis was used to evaluate the coefficients of the expression for intensity I = a + bM + cr + dlog10r where r is the mean slope radius corresponding to the distance from the isoseismal to the centroid of the fault rupture surface. The resulting expressions model events of all depths very well, and completely revise the attenuation curves of earlier work done in the 1970’s in which depth was not taken into account. The earlier proposals for regional variations in attenuation were not substantiated, the apparent differences for most of the country being explained by the effects of depth and source mechanism rather than path characteristics. The attenuation character of the Central Volcanic Region and Fiordland remain to be properly established. Attenuation of intensity in New Zealand was found to be very similar to that for Turkey, the two regions being dominated by strike-slip faulting.
Reduction and distribution of lateral seismic inertia forces on base isolated multistorey structures
Authors: Andriono Takim , Carr Athol J.
Published: January 2020

This paper presents some important results of a thorough investigation into the seismic behaviour of a wide range of Base Isolated multistorey structures. The benefits of implementing BI systems are highlighted. The reduction and distribution patterns of lateral inertia forces due to the inclusion of this isolation system are specifically discussed.
Recent development in seismic design of reinforced concrete buildings in Japan
Authors: Aoyama H.
Published: January 2020

Japan experienced a quick development of highrise reinforced concrete frame-type apartment building construction, about 30 stories high, in the last decade. Outline of this development is first introduced in terms of planning of buildings, materials, construction methods, earthquake resistant design and dynamic response analysis. This quick development was made possible by, among others, the available high strength concrete and steel. In an attempt to further promote development of new and advanced reinforced concrete building structures, a five-year national project was started in 1988 in Japan, promoted by the Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction. Outline of this project is introduced in the second part of this paper. It aims at the development and use of concrete up to 120 MPa, and steel up to 1200 MPa.
Approved projects to be funded by the EQC research programme 1993/4
Authors: Editor
Published: January 2020

It has recently been announced by the Earthquake and War Damage Commission that the following research projects are to be funded from the EQC Research budget for 1993/94. The summaries given below are the abstract or summary included in the research application.
Myths and fallacies in earthquake engineering
Authors: Priestley M. J. Nigel
Published: January 2020

Current practice in seismic analysis and design is examined, with particular reference to reinforced concrete structures. The attitude of the paper is deliberately iconoclastic, tilting at targets it is hoped will not be seen as windmills. It is suggested that our current emphasis on strength-based design and ductility leads us in directions that are not always rational. A pure displacement-based design approach is advanced as a viable alternative. Improvements resulting from increased sophistication of analyses are seen to be largely illusory. Energy absorption is shown to be a mixed blessing. Finally, accepted practices for flexural design, shear design, development of reinforcement, and the philosophic basis of capacity design are questioned.
The seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry cantilever walls in low seismicity areas
Authors: Lam N. T. K. , Wilson J. L. , Hutchinson G. L.
Published: January 2020

The time-history analysis method, the response spectrum method and the equal energy method are considered in this paper to determine the seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry (URM) cantilever walls. Fundamental problems with each of the methods in predicting the response of a simple cantilever wall model to the El Centro earthquake have been identified The response spectrum method underestimated the true seismic resistance of the wall by a factor of more than 2.0, whilst the equal energy method could overestimate the resistance of the wall by up to 3.5 times depending on the natural frequency adopted. Difficulties with establishing realistic dynamic properties of brickwalls are highlighted. A probabilistic procedure involving the analysis of a large number of representative ground motions and cantilever wall models is recommended for future investigations to derive reliable and simple expressions to predict the response of cantilever masonry walls.
A development in the modelling of far-field intensities for  New Zealand earthquakes
Authors: Smith W. D.
Published: January 2020

With the availability of better estimates of magnitudes for large historical earthquakes, a 1978 study to model the Modified Mercalli intensities in large earthquakes in New Zealand has been revised. While instrumental measures of strong ground motion are obviously valuable, intensities will always be important because most of our large historical events predate the installation of accelerographs, and because intensity does seem to give a measure of the degree of damage. Crustal earthquakes in the Main Seismic Region have been divided into two classes on the basis of known or apparent focal depth. Events in the volcanic region are treated separately. No revision is attempted for shallow earthquakes in Fiordland or for events at greater than crustal depths anywhere in the country, the data base being too poor. Detailed goodness-of-fit statistics are presented: they compare favourably with those for the 1978 model and also for another model developed recently. The model is for the far field, so is useful for regional estimation of hazard but not for fault-specific studies at short distances. A companion paper addresses near-source modelling. Intensity is often assumed to be linearly related to the logarithm of ground motion parameters such as displacement or acceleration. This study shows that that assumption cannot hold over a range of distances. It may be possible to formulate a linear relationship at any particular distance, but the parameters of that relationship will change as distance is varied.
Recent research and applications of seismic isolation in New Zealand
Authors: Robinson W. H.
Published: January 2020

In New Zealand, seismic isolation, the technique in which the structure is decoupled from earthquake-induced ground motions, has now advanced to the point where it is often considered for the protection of both new and existing buildings, bridges, and to a lesser extent, industrial plant.

Many of the devices used in these applications have been developed in our laboratory. We describe here how the lead-based devices operate, and we give some examples of the application of seismic isolation to structures m New Zealand.

Current interest is focused on the application of seismic isolation to three buildings in central Wellington. In July 1993, the construction of the seismically isolated Museum of New Zealand was started on the Wellington waterfront. All of the lead-rubber isolators have now been tested and installed. Nearby the NZ Parliament Building and Library have been retrofitted with a lead-rubber bearing system.

To support the continuation of improvements to the seismic resistance of structures a number of research programs are operating in the Universities of Auckland and Canterbury, the Engineering Seismology Section of the NZ Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Works, a number of engineering consultants and in our company.

Very strong support for the principles of seismic isolation is given by the fact that of the ten hospitals affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles, only the hospital seismically isolated by a lead-rubber bearing system was able to continue to operate. Further support is given by the excellent behaviour of two isolated buildings in the 1995 Hyogo Ken-Nanbu earthquake.
A Proposal for a New Financial Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Paolo Stella Gian , Filotto Umberto , Maria Cervellati Enrico
Published: January 2020

Our purpose is to validate a new questionnaire to measure financial literacy. We test our 18-item questionnaire using a sample of 269 respondents. Data come from an Internet survey in Italy from January to March 2019. Following the definition provided by Organizations of Economics Developments (OECD), we analyze three dimensions of financial literacy: knowledge, skills, and attitude. Regarding skills and attitude, we introduce a new set of items, whereas, for knowledge, we use items proposed by National Financial Capability Studies (NFCS) (2009). We conduct exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations models to verify the validity, reliability and applicability of the questionnaire. Our results show that the data fit reasonably well, thus proving the reliability and validity of the questionnaire to measure financial literacy.
The Effect of Training and Development on the Performance of Senior Administrative Staff at the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Authors: Segbenya Moses , Berisie Titus
Published: January 2020

The study examined the effect of training and development on senior administrative staff’s performance at the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana. Quantitative approach and the descriptive survey research design were adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample 152 respondents from a population of 357 using Yamane’s formula for determining sample size. Self- administered closed ended questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument and data was analysed with frequencies, percentages, person correlation, standard regression, t-test and analysis of variance.  The study found that training and development techniques used were job rotation and study leave with pay. There was general lack of support from supervisors and colleagues for trainees to transfer skills/knowledge acquired unto their jobs. Training and development significantly relate and affect employees’ performance. It was recommended that management of human resource department of the University of Education, Winneba should adopt some other training and development techniques like mentoring and coaching; and provide the needed resources and encourage work colleagues and supervisors to create the enabling environment and provide the necessary support for trainees to be able to transfer skills acquired through training and development unto their jobs.
New Mathematical model of Retailer-to-Individual Customer Optimal Product Supply Strategies Under False Demand Pattern: Customer Discount Mode
Authors: Zhuo Zhiyi
Published: January 2020

This paper develops a new mathematical model by using the false demand function and the retailer profit function, to study the retailer-to-individual customer optimal product supply strategies under the false demand pattern, and solve the product profit optimal problem. The research contribution of this paper is to construct the mathematical model of customer discount mode for the retailer-to-individual customer product supply strategies under the false demand pattern. The study results provide a reference for retailers to develop different supply strategies for different types of customers in different demand patterns, enabling them to improve operational performance effectively.