bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations and management of Tityus species envenoming: A systematic review
Authors: Matos Ione Maria de , Santos Filipe Ferreira , Marçal Fernanda Lima , Silva Letícia Duarte , Silva Maisa
Published: March 2024

Scorpionism, or a clinical picture of envenomation caused by a scorpion sting, is a public health problem in South America. The manifestations clinical and management are varied and complex and there is still no consensus in the literature on these aspects. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the clinical manifestations, as well as treatment after scorpion envenomation by Tityus species. The online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO were systematically searched for relevant publications until march 2022. No language and age restrictions were imposed. The literature search generated 476 references and 23 studies were included in the systematic review, according to the inclusion criteria of this review. The number of participants studied was 7,781. The specie Tityus serrulatus was found in more studies. The time elapsed between the accident and medical care ranged from 15 minutes to more than 6 hours. The treatments performed in selected studies include scorpion antivenoms, corticosteroids, anesthetics, antiemetics agents, inotropics, antihypertensives and benzodiazepines drugs. In six studies, fatal cases were observed in five children aged 1 to 6-y and one in children < 14 y. We concluded that management of Tityus species envenoming is supportive and focused on the patient’s symptoms. In severe cases, antivenoms, if available, are indicated. Medications to monitor vagal and adrenergic symptoms are encouraged. This study has the potential to help professionals who deal with envenomations caused by the genus Tityus.
Biyokömür Uygulamalarının Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri ile Buğdayın (Triticum aestivum L.) Çimlenme ve Biyomas Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞENAY Bilgehan , TEPECİK Mahmut
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma, biyokömür uygulamalarının Kayra ekmeklik buğday çeşidi yetiştirilen toprakların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, saksı denemesi şeklinde tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü ve beş farklı dozda 0 (B0), 10 (B1), 20 (B2), 40 (B3) ve 80 (B4) t ha-1biyokömür uygulanmıştır. Biyokömür uygulamalarına göre toprakta en yüksek pH, EC, kireç, organik madde, toplam N, alınabilir P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu ve B değerleri sırasıyla 7.66, 2.26 mS cm-1,% 3.55, %2.81, %0.201, 48.89 mg kg-1, 1172.89 mg kg-1, 2268,88 mg kg-1, 186.92 mg kg-1, (101.43 mg kg-1, 2.34 mg kg-1, 2.40 mg kg-1, 7.33 mg kg-1, 1.79 mg kg-1 ve 1.08 mg kg-1 ile en yüksek değerleri B4 (80 t ha-1) uygulamasında belirlenmiştir. Biyokömür uygulamalarına göre toprakta en düşük değerler pH, EC, kireç, organik madde, toplam N, alınabilir P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu ve B değerleri ise 7.45, 0.87 mS cm-1, % 2.28, % 1.28, % 0.078, 14.92 mg kg-1, 344.84 mg kg-1, 2171,68 mg kg-1, 129.01 mg kg-1, 47.09 mg kg-1, 1.25 mg kg-1, 1.82 mg kg-1, 4.52 mg kg-1, 1.61 mg kg-1 ve 0.71 mg kg-1B0 (kontrol) uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Buğday tohumlarında en yüksek çimlenme oranı %95.41 ile B2 ve en düşük çimlenme oranı ise %90.12 ile B0 uygulamalarında saptanmıştır. Biyokömür uygulamalarının bitkinin yaş ve kuru ağırlığı üzerine etkisi sırasıyla B2 uygulamasında en yüksek (11.42 ve 2.21 gr saksı-1) değerleri ve B0 uygulamasında sırasıyla (10.01 ve 1.93 gr saksı-1) en küçük değerleri aldığı belirlenmiştir.
Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Some Bacterial Antagonists Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary in Sunflowers
Authors: KOÇAK Raziye , BOYRAZ Nuh
Published: March 2024

This study was carried out in 2017-2018 to determine the in vitro and in vivo activities of some bacterial bioagents against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which causes root and root-collar rot in sunflower cultivation areas of Konya and Aksaray provinces. Against the two most virulent S. sclerotiorum (Hırkatol and Eskil) isolates selected as a result of pathogenicity tests after being isolated and diagnosed from diseased plants which were collected from sunflower cultivation areas in Konya and Aksaray provinces, the antifungal effects of 16 bacterial isolates from the soil in the rhizosphere region of the healthy sunflower plants from the same areas were evaluated. Primarily, the most effective bacterial bioagents were determined by dual culture tests. As a result of the in vitro tests, a total of 5 bacterial isolates constituting the largest zone diameter were molecularly identified according to 16S rRNA and were used in pot experiments. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus simplex, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, Bacillus toyonensis (2 isolates) and were coded using the BLAST program of the GenBank database (NCBI). As per in vitro, the highest effect in both isolates of S. sclerotiorum was observed in Bacillus cereus and Bacillus simplex with an inhibition rate of 49.19-57.95%. Except for Bacillus toyonensis (B1), one of the bacterial species which were tested in vivo, all the bacteria reduced or stopped lesion development compared to the control. As a result of the application, the biological control agent completely prevented the growth of both the isolates of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus simplex S. sclerotiorum in in vivo conditions (100%). Efficacy studies have shown that bacterial isolates both cause healthy growth of sunflower plants and significantly prevent disease formation in treated plants when compared to control plants. These results emphasize the importance of such studies as a tool for the development of sustainable agricultural practices that can be easily applied in our region, and also show that B. cereus and B. simplex in sunflowers can be potential bacterial bioagents that can be used in biological control against S.sclerotiorum. In addition, it will be useful to carry out studies on the development of commercial preparations of the bacterial isolates found in the study.
Observance of Agronomic and Nutritive Profile of Some Silage Corn Hybrids in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey
Authors: ÖZKAN Uğur
Published: March 2024

The silage corn (SC) production and yield per area in Turkey have increased over the last decade owing to their high economic importance. The first objective of the current study was to determine the agronomic and nutritive profiles of SC hybrids in the Central Anatolian region of Ankara, Turkey. The other objective was to determine the relationship between silage maturity and corn heat unit (CHU) and growing degree day (GDD) ratings. The current study was set up as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Certified seeds of five dissimilar SC hybrids (cv PL 712, cv TORRO, cv CHAMP, cv MACHA, cv RANGER) (n=5) were established in the field. SC hybrids showed variation among themselves. Differences were also detected in all parameters, except dry matter (DM) content and crude protein (CP) yield. Cv “MACHA” had the highest nutritive profile [CP: 9.60%; acid detergent fiber (ADF): 30.02%; neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 51.62%; acid detergent lignin (ADL): 3.72%; total digestible nutrient (TDN): 62.60%; metabolic energy (ME): 2.34 Mcal kg-1 DM; net energy production (NEp): 1.50 Mcal kg-1 DM]. One of the other hybrids, Cv “CHAMP” had the highest yield components [silage yield: 104.20 t ha-1; dry matter yield: 35.4 t ha-1; TDN yield: 21.10 t ha-1; ME yield: 77880.00 Mcal ha-1; NEp yield: 49914.00 Mcal ha-1]. There was a significant correlation between silage maturity and CHU and GDD ratings [CHUseed (r = 0.84, P= 0.001), CHUsilk (r = 0.90, P
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Hidayat Akbar
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: Untuk menguji Kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, Motivasi terhadap Kinerja karyawan, Kepuasan kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan, Kompensasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, Motivasi terhadap Kepuasan kerjaÂ  dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai variabel mediasi, Motivasi terhadap Kinerja karyawan dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebeagai variabel mediasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan WarpPls 5.0. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan total sebanyak 218 karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum adanya pengaruh yang terjadi antara Kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, Motivasi terhadap Kinerja karyawan, Kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, Kompensasi terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, Motivasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, Namun Kepuasan Kerja tidak mampu memediasi pengaruh yang terjadi antara Kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, serta Kepuasan Kerja tidak mampu memediasi pengaruh yang terjadi antara Motivasi terhadap Kinerja karyawan.Kata Kunci:Â  Kompensasi, Motivasi, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  The objectives of this study are: To examine compensation for employee performance, motivation for employee performance, job satisfaction with employee performance, compensation for job satisfaction, motivation for job satisfaction and compensation for employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable, motivation for employee performance with satisfaction. Work as a mediating variable. The data analysis technique used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using WarpPls 5.0.The sample used in this study were employees at the General Hospital of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang with a total of 218 employees. The results show that in general there is an influence between compensation on employee performance, motivation on employee performance, job satisfaction on employee performance, compensation for job satisfaction, motivation for job satisfaction, but job satisfaction is not able to mediate the effect that occurs between compensation on performance. employees, and job satisfaction are not able to mediate the effect that occurs between motivation on employee performanceKeywords:Â  Compensation, Motivation, Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance
Planes de calidad del aire en lugares con episodios críticos de contaminación atmosférica
Authors: Yepes Palacio Dora Luz , Trejos Gabriel
Published: March 2024

Los planes de gestión de calidad del aire son instrumentos que utilizan los gobiernos para abordar el problema de contaminación atmosférica; el caso del Valle de Aburrá (Colombia) no es la excepción, allí confluyen factores que han conllevado a la declaratoria periódica de episodios atmosféricos y, pese a los esfuerzos, estos eventos continúan presentándose. Este panorama motivó a comparar los planes de calidad del aire de esta región con los de otras regiones del mundo. Se revisaron 374 medidas en los planes de gestión de 15 ciudades, para ser comparadas con las 58 medidas del plan de este valle. Se validaron 14 grupos de tipologías de acciones y se las encontró consistentes estadísticamente; además, un análisis discriminante arrojó conjuntos de medidas similares y no coincidentes. Se evidenció un nivel importante de similitud entre los planes
Prácticas de desarrollo de carrera que favorecen la inclusión laboral de las personas con discapacidad
Authors: López Velásquez Angélica María , Segura López Luis Fernando
Published: March 2024

El acceso al trabajo de las personas con discapacidad (PCD) presenta barreras como prácticas de reclutamiento discriminatorias, ausencia de ajustes razonables, poca accesibilidad o estereotipos. Con el objetivo de identificar los factores claves del desarrollo de carrera que favorecen la no discriminación de las PCD, se llevó a cabo un estudio de caso donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas analizadas en ATLAS.ti a trabajadores con discapacidad, sus jefes y la directora de selección de una empresa de confecciones en Medellín. Los hallazgos evidenciaron que referenciar otras experiencias de inclusión, movilizar estereotipos, apoyarse de instituciones intermediadoras y realizar ajustes razonables, son factores claves para un desarrollo de carrera que no dé lugar a la discriminación. El estudio tiene relevancia para académicos y organizaciones interesadas en promover la inclusión laboral.
Networked masterplots
Authors: Geboers Marloes , Pilipets Elena
Published: March 2024

This article investigates engagement with propagandist TikTok videos shortly after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, with particular attention to the role of music and comments. By repurposing the infrastructure of TikTok soundlinking, our research upholds sensitivity to how this infrastructure enables affective and participatory workings of propaganda. We develop the notion of networked masterplots based on a situated analysis of how a specific sound, occasionally used in combination with pro-Russian hashtags, prescribes the creation of replicable linkages between three distinct video templates. The analysed templates, as we will show, not only intentionally share the use of the same song but adapt the theatrical effect of situation and suspense on the textual level of “stickers” or messages overlaid on top of videos. A selection of fifteen videos using the stickers – “What if they attack?”, “I am wondering how many will (un)subscribe?”, and “I am (not) ashamed” – in combination with a techno remix of the Soviet folk song Katyusha will be at the centre of our investigation. Arguing that in Katyusha videos situation and suspense are indivisible, we pay attention to the audiencing practices as they extend into both video comment sections and further memetic spin-offs. We conclude by reflecting on how TikTok sharing not only facilitates self-expression and social activism but also enables the weaponization of content within networked memetic environments.
Liberalizmin Kayıp Çocukları: Leveller Hareketi İncelemesi
Authors: Çelen Gökhan
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışma liberalizme dair incelemelerde göz ardı edilen Leveller hareketi incelemesine odaklanmaktadır. Leveller hareketi İngiliz İç Savaşlarında kaleme aldıkları metinlerle krallık iktidarına karşı İngiliz tebaasının temel haklarını kazanmak için mücadele etmiştir. Üç anayasa taslağı hazırlayarak İngiliz temsilcilere anayasa önerileri sunmuşlar ve bireylerin hak ve özgürlüklerini anayasal güvence altına almaya çalışmışlardır. Leveller yazarlar özgür doğmuş İngiliz erkeklerinin doğal haklarını temel alarak özgür doğmuş erkeklere oy hakkı talep etmişlerdir. Krallık iktidarı tarafından gerçekleştirilen mülkiyet haklarına ilişkin usulsüzlüklere ve ticari imtiyazlara karşı koymuşlardır. Modern liberal devletin temel ilkeleri sayılan halkın egemenliği, parlamentonun üstünlüğü, güçler ayrılığı ve hukukun üstünlüğü, hukuk önünde eşitlik, adil yargılanma vb. ilkeleri savunularının temel direkleri haline getirerek liberal parlamenter sistemin düşünsel mimarlığını yapmışlardır. Tarihsel olarak John Locke’dan erken bir tarihe konumlanmalarına ve Locke’un teorisine benzer iddialarda bulunmalarına karşın siyasi düşünce tarihi incelemelerinde bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz olarak göz ardı edilmektedirler. Bu görmezden gelme durumu ise Leveller hareketinin marjinalleştirilmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Leveller hareketinin siyasal teorisi kaleme aldıkları metinler üzerinden içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenerek ve Locke’un teorisiyle karşılaştırılarak liberalizmin tarihindeki konumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Leveller düşüncesinin ortaya çıkışı ve felsefi temelleri incelenerek doğal hak, siyasal hak ve mülkiyet hakkına ilişkin düşünceleri aktarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın iddiası klasik liberalizmin Leveller hareketi ile başlatılabileceğidir.
Creating value from intangible cultural heritage—the role of innovation for sustainable tourism and regional rural development
Authors: Shakya Martina , Vagnarelli Gianluca
Published: March 2024

Based on evidence from two exploratory case studies, the article examines how intangible cultural heritage can promote sustainable rural development by creating value for rural communities. The studied communities in Bavaria, Germany, and Le Marche, Italy, are closely tied to traditional agricultural practices and their historical legacies. In the German case study, alpine pasture farming has sustained its cultural landscape and tourism for generations, while in the Italian case, the rural sharecropping legacy evolved into a culinary heritage project. Bad Hindelang (Germany) stands out as a mature destination with a long history of sustainable tourism, achieved through collaboration between farmers, conservationists, and the local community. The region balances tourism, conservation, and ecological farming through community participation and collective action. In contrast, Le Marche region (Italy) has only recently experienced increasing numbers of international tourists, but seems well-situated to exploit opportunities for cultural and culinary tourism development. The Marche Food and Wine Memories project has preserved the oral memories and the culinary heritage of former sharecroppers, yet economic value for the region has so far been limited. Post-COVID-19, the region may benefit from increased demand for tourism in culturally appealing, authentic and less crowded destinations. The article emphasises that intangible cultural heritage can enrich the quality of life of local residents and enhance visitors’ experiential value. Innovative approaches like storytelling and participatory engagement make these cultural expressions accessible to wider audiences, including tourists, thus benefiting heritage communities in various ways. Both cases highlight the role of innovation, with Bad Hindelang’s eco-model promoting ecological farming and Le Marche’s project preserving sharecroppers’ heritage through corporate heritage marketing. Collaboration among various stakeholders has been a key to success in both cases. The article also illustrates the range of functions fulfilled by intangible cultural heritage, from restoring social dignity to maintaining landscape aesthetics and ecological integrity.
Emerging applications of artificial intelligence in pathogen genomics
Authors: Suster Carl J. E. , Pham David , Kok Jen , Sintchenko Vitali
Published: March 2024

The analysis of microbial genomes has long been recognised as a complex and data-rich domain where artificial intelligence (AI) can assist. As AI technologies have matured and expanded, pathogen genomics has also contended with exponentially larger datasets and an expanding role in clinical and public health practice. In this mini-review, we discuss examples of emerging applications of AI to address challenges in pathogen genomics for precision medicine and public health. These include models for genotyping whole genome sequences, identifying novel pathogens in metagenomic next generation sequencing, modelling genomic information using approaches from computational linguistics, phylodynamic estimation, and using large language models to make bioinformatics more accessible to non-experts. We also examine factors affecting the adoption of AI into routine laboratory and public health practice and the need for a renewed vision for the potential of AI to assist pathogen genomics practice.
Interaction between immuno-stem dual lineages in jaw bone formation and injury repair
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Luo Xutao , Xu Ruoshi
Published: March 2024

The jawbone, a unique structure in the human body, undergoes faster remodeling than other bones due to the presence of stem cells and its distinct immune microenvironment. Long-term exposure of jawbones to an oral environment rich in microbes results in a complex immune balance, as shown by the higher proportion of activated macrophage in the jaw. Stem cells derived from the jawbone have a higher propensity to differentiate into osteoblasts than those derived from other bones. The unique immune microenvironment of the jaw also promotes osteogenic differentiation of jaw stem cells. Here, we summarize the various types of stem cells and immune cells involved in jawbone reconstruction. We describe the mechanism relationship between immune cells and stem cells, including through the production of inflammatory bodies, secretion of cytokines, activation of signaling pathways, etc. In addition, we also comb out cellular interaction of immune cells and stem cells within the jaw under jaw development, homeostasis maintenance and pathological conditions. This review aims to eclucidate the uniqueness of jawbone in the context of stem cell within immune microenvironment, hopefully advancing clinical regeneration of the jawbone.
Increased HIF-2α activity in the nucleus pulposus causes intervertebral disc degeneration in the aging mouse spine
Authors: Johnston Shira N. , Tsingas Maria , Ain Rahatul , Barve Ruteja A. , Risbud Makarand V.
Published: March 2024

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential to the homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, consequences of elevated HIF-2 activity on disc health remains unknown. We expressed HIF-2α with proline to alanine substitutions (P405A; P531A) in the Oxygen-dependent degradation domain (HIF-2αdPA) in the NP tissue using an inducible, nucleus pulposus-specific K19CreERT allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Expression of HIF-2α in NP impacted disc morphology, as evident from small but significantly higher scores of degeneration in NP of 24-month-old K19CreERT; HIF-2αdPA (K19-dPA) mice. Noteworthy, comparisons of grades within each genotype between 14 months and 24 months indicated that HIF-2α overexpression contributed to more pronounced changes than aging alone. The annulus fibrosus (AF) compartment in the 14-month-old K19-dPA mice exhibited lower collagen turnover and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging analyses showed changes in the biochemical composition of the 14- and 24-month-old K19-dPA mice. Moreover, there were changes in aggrecan, chondroitin sulfate, and COMP abundance without alterations in NP phenotypic marker CA3, suggesting the overexpression of HIF-2α had some impact on matrix composition but not the cell phenotype. Mechanistically, the global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes in themes closely related to NP cell function such as cilia, SLIT/ROBO pathway, and HIF/Hypoxia signaling at both 14- and 24-month. Together, these findings underscore the role of HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration in the aged spine.
Signatures of disease outcome severity in the intestinal fungal and bacterial microbiome of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rizzello Fernando , Viciani Elisa , Gionchetti Paolo , Filippone Eleonora , Imbesi Veronica , Melotti Laura , Dussias Nikolas Konstantine , Salice Marco , Santacroce Barbara , Padella Antonella , Velichevskaya Alena , Marcante Andrea , Castagnetti Andrea
Published: March 2024

Background

COVID-19, whose causative pathogen is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic in March 2020. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the targets of this virus, and mounting evidence suggests that gastrointestinal symptoms may contribute to disease severity. The gut–lung axis is involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2; therefore, we investigated whether COVID-19 patients’ bacterial and fungal gut microbiome composition was linked to disease clinical outcome.

Methods

In May 2020, we collected stool samples and patient records from 24 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fungal and bacterial gut microbiome was characterized by amplicon sequencing on the MiSeq, Illumina’s integrated next generation sequencing instrument. A cohort of 201 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers from the project PRJNA661289 was used as a control group for the bacterial gut microbiota analysis.

Results

We observed that female COVID-19 patients had a lower gut bacterial microbiota richness than male patients, which was consistent with a different latency in hospital admittance time between the two groups. Both sexes in the COVID-19 patient study group displayed multiple positive associations with opportunistic bacterial pathogens such as Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces. Of note, the Candida genus dominated the gut mycobiota of COVID-19 patients, and adult patients showed a higher intestinal fungal diversity than elderly patients. We found that Saccharomycetales unassigned fungal genera were positively associated with bacterial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and negatively associated with the proinflammatory genus Bilophila in COVID-19 patients, and we observed that none of the patients who harbored it were admitted to the high-intensity unit.

Conclusions

COVID-19 was associated with opportunistic bacterial pathogens, and Candida was the dominant fungal taxon in the intestine. Together, we found an association between commensal SCFA-producers and a fungal genus that was present in the intestines of patients who did not experience the most severe outcome of the disease. We believe that this taxon could have played a role in the disease outcome, and that further studies should be conducted to understand the role of fungi in gastrointestinal and health protection.
Single cell phototransfection of mRNAs encoding SARS-CoV2 spike and nucleocapsid into human astrocytes results in RNA dependent translation interference
Authors: Kim Hyun-Bum , Brosseau Quentin , Radzio Julia , Wang Jinhui , Muramatsu Hiromi , Kuang Da , Grady M. Sean , Chen H. Isaac , Wolf John A. , Ulyanova Alexandra V. , Bartfai Tamas , Kim Junhyong , Pardi Norbert , Sul Jai-Yoon , Arratia Paulo , Eberwine James
Published: March 2024

Multi-RNA co-transfection is starting to be employed to stimulate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. While there are good reasons to utilize such an approach, there is little background on whether there are synergistic RNA-dependent cellular effects. To address this issue, we use transcriptome-induced phenotype remodeling (TIPeR) via phototransfection to assess whether mRNAs encoding the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 virus into single human astrocytes (an endogenous human cell host for the virus) and mouse 3T3 cells (often used in high-throughput therapeutic screens) synergistically impact host cell biologies. An RNA concentration-dependent expression was observed where an increase of RNA by less than 2-fold results in reduced expression of each individual RNAs. Further, a dominant inhibitory effect of Nucleocapsid RNA upon Spike RNA translation was detected that is distinct from codon-mediated epistasis. Knowledge of the cellular consequences of multi-RNA transfection will aid in selecting RNA concentrations that will maximize antigen presentation on host cell surface with the goal of eliciting a robust immune response. Further, application of this single cell stoichiometrically tunable RNA functional genomics approach to the study of SARS-CoV-2 biology promises to provide details of the cellular sequalae that arise upon infection in anticipation of providing novel targets for inhibition of viral replication and propagation for therapeutic intervention.
A novel high-resolution imaging method based on sparsity in the time domain and spectral fitting in the frequency domain
Authors: Guo Xin , Gao Jianhu , Yong Xueshan , Li Shengjun , Gui Jinyong , Wang Hongqiu
Published: March 2024

During the propagation of seismic waves underground, the high-frequency seismic response of thin reservoir is absorbed and attenuated, which poses a challenge in seismic thin reservoir prediction. The high-resolution processing techniques have the capability to significantly expand the frequency range of the seismic data, so it becomes a key technique for thin reservoir prediction. Most of these techniques necessitate the extraction of seismic wavelets. However, the spatial and temporal variations of seismic data result in multiple solutions for wavelet extraction. Simultaneously, the majority of techniques fail to consider the influence of spatial tectonic features on the high-resolution processing. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to address these two fundamental challenges by utilizing seismic spectral expansion, sparse reflection coefficients, and spatial continuity constraints. First, we propose an innovative spectral fitting method that aims to expand the frequency bandwidth while adhering to the desired wavelet constraints. This method allows us to fully utilize the effective frequency information. It not only obtains broadband seismic data but also captures precise wavelets. Then, sparse deconvolution is employed to further extend the frequency range by utilizing the accurately expected wavelet and obtaining a high-resolution reflection coefficient. Finally, the Hessian matrix regularization is employed to constrain the spatial continuity of the reflection coefficient. This method is validated in both the model and real seismic data. Compared to traditional sparse deconvolution and spectral modeling deconvolution with spatial constraints, this method not only expands the frequency bandwidth and enhances seismic resolution but also preserves operational frequency information and improves the spatial continuity of seismic data. It has been verified that this approach can be used to forecast thin reservoir and reconstruct spatial tectonic characteristics.
Study on overburden failure characteristics and ground pressure behavior in shallow coal seam mining underneath the gully
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Li , Yang Tao , Gao Shoushi , He Yifeng , Wu Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This study focuses on investigating the characteristics of overburden failure and ground pressure behavior in shallow coal seam mining beneath a gully. The research is conducted at the 135201 working face of Shaliang Coal Mine in the Shenfu Mining Area.

Methods: The study employs physical similarity simulation tests, theoretical analysis, and field measurements to analyze the ground pressure and overburden failure characteristics at the working face.

Results: The research findings indicate that the ground pressure is stronger in the uphill section compared to the gully bottom and downhill sections. The weighting interval in the uphill section is the smallest. A mechanical analysis model for the failure structure of the key stratum in the uphill section is established based on monitored ground pressure data and physical simulation test results. A calculation formula for the weighting interval in the uphill section is derived. The relationship between the caving interval, the thickness of the key stratum in the uphill section, and the gully slope is also analyzed. The on-site measurements align well with the theoretical results.

Discussion: The study proposes a prediction method for ground pressure and suggests hazard prevention and control measures for shallow coal seam mining beneath a gully based on the research findings.
A literature review: analyzing barriers hindering the implementation of self-regulated learning in science classrooms
Authors: Del Mario Jayme , Tran Hong
Published: March 2024

Self-regulated learning is a goal-directed process in which learners are metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviorally active participants in their learning process. Although studies have shown self-regulated learning is critical for success in academic learning and beyond; many students do not use self-regulated learning strategies to drive their science learning. To better understand the circumstances surrounding this unfortunate situation, this literature review reports on 15 studies related to barriers that hinder science teachers from enacting self-regulated learning. In this review, we discuss the role of self-regulated learning, then we emphasize the theoretical frameworks, and examine the barriers. Findings from this study revealed six primary barriers: scarcity of time, disregards within the curriculum and assessments, lack of training, opposing teacher views, lack of resources, and students’ resistance toward self-regulated learning. Thus, with the support of current literature surrounding remedying these obstacles, we conclude our review by qualitatively analyzing the relationships between the barriers and suggest approaches toward overcoming them.
Artificial intelligence literacy in sustainable development: A learning experiment in higher education
Authors: Alamäki Ari , Nyberg Crister , Kimberley Anna , Salonen Arto O.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this empirical research was to map the capabilities and perceptions of undergraduate business administration students about artificial intelligence (AI) and its potential to answer questions related to sustainable transition in society, and to obtain information about the suitable pedagogical solution to increase the knowledge and understanding related to these themes.

Methods

The data was gathered among higher education (HE) students in a workshop that consisted of introductory lecture, answering surveys, questionnaire, group discussions, and reflective narratives on the relationship and possibilities of AI and sustainable development. In data analysis an abductive qualitative research methodology was adopted.

Results

Through abduction new insights were obtained and new knowledge was created new knowledge regarding AI literacy in the context of sustainable development. This brought new knowledge in the context of HE studies. The taxonomy of AI literacy in sustainable development created a new reference framework for learning tasks, and course planning in HE. The findings showed that the students had difficulties solving the actual problem because they lacked knowledge and understanding of the basics of AI and sustainable development. However, in groups where one person had a deeper understanding of the concepts, the whole group began to understand the task and work on both meta-level ethical questions and practical examples.

Discussion

The assistance of AI potentially creates opportunities for developing solutions supporting sustainable development. However, utilizing this potential requires AI literacy. In this task HE plays a significant role. This study contributes to the pedagogical approach where AI and sustainable development are integrated in HE curricula.
Causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitor and primary glomerular disease: a drug target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Duan Hangyu , Shi Yue , Zhang Qi , Shi Xiujie , Zhang Yifan , Liu Jing , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2024

Background

Successive observational studies have highlighted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a standalone risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Lowering LDL-C levels significantly reduces the incidence of atherosclerotic events in patients with progressive CKD. Recent research indicates that proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors not only effectively lower LDL-C levels in CKD patients but also exhibit therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. However, the role of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in treating CKD beyond lowering LDL-C levels remains uncertain. Therefore, this study employs drug-targeted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal impact of PCSK9i on primary glomerular diseases such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), and nephrotic syndrome (NS).

Methods

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to LDL-C were sourced from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS). Genes situated in proximity to 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and PCSK9 served as proxies for therapeutic inhibition of these targets. The causal link between PCSK9i and the risk of primary glomerular disorders was discovered using drug-target MR studies. The HMGCR inhibitor, a drug target of statins, was utilized for comparative analysis with PCSK9i. Primary outcomes included the risk assessment for IgAN, MN, and NS, using the risk of coronary heart disease as a positive control.

Results

The inhibition of PCSK9, as proxied genetically, was found to significantly reduce the risk of IgAN [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 0.05 (−1.82 to 1.93), p = 2.10 × 10−3]. Conversely, this inhibition was associated with an increased risk of NS [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.34–2.22), p = 0.01]. Similarly, HMGCR inhibitors (HMGCRi) demonstrated a potential reduction in the risk of IgAN [OR (95%CI) = 0.0032 (−3.58 to 3.59), p = 1.60 × 10−3).

Conclusions

PCSK9i markedly decreased the risk of IgAN, suggesting a potential mechanism beyond their primary effect on LDL-C. However, these inhibitors were also associated with an increased risk of NS. On the other hand, HMGCRi appears to serve as a protective factor against IgAN. Conversely, PCSK9i may pose a risk factor for NS, suggesting the necessity for cautious application and further research into their impacts on various glomerular diseases.
Study on optimization and mechanism of CO2 injection to enhance oil recovery in mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Xiaokun , Qi Zongyao , Wang Bojun , Zhou You , Wang Chao , Xi Changfeng , Liu Pengcheng
Published: March 2024

In order to improve the oil recovery of mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs, this study investigates the efficiency of enhanced oil recovery and the mechanisms of oil displacement in mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs using different injected gases (N2, CH4, CO2) and development approaches (gas flooding and gas huff-n-puff) through a series of experiments. These experiments include high-pressure physical properties tests of crude oil after gas injection, displacement efficiency tests of gas injection, and displacement efficiency tests of gas huff-n-puff. The results indicate that for mid-deep heavy oil reservoirs, the preferred optimal injection gas is CO2, with gas huff-n-puff being the most effective development method. Furthermore, a numerical simulation study was conducted to explore the adaptability parameters of CO2 huff-n-puff development in different well patterns, encompassing variables such as the amount of gas injected per cycle, crude oil viscosity, reservoir permeability, and oil layer thickness.
Prevalence of concomitant rheumatologic diseases and autoantibody specificities among racial and ethnic groups in SLE patients
Authors: Denvir Brendan , Carlucci Philip M. , Corbitt Kelly , Buyon Jill P. , Belmont H. Michael , Gold Heather T. , Salmon Jane E. , Askanase Anca , Bathon Joan M. , Geraldino-Pardilla Laura , Ali Yousaf , Ginzler Ellen M. , Putterman Chaim , Gordon Caroline , Barbour Kamil E. , Helmick Charles G. , Parton Hilary , Izmirly Peter M.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Leveraging the Manhattan Lupus Surveillance Program (MLSP), a population-based registry of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related diseases, we investigated the proportion of SLE with concomitant rheumatic diseases, including Sjögren’s disease (SjD), antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS), and fibromyalgia (FM), as well as the prevalence of autoantibodies in SLE by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods

Prevalent SLE cases fulfilled one of three sets of classification criteria. Additional rheumatic diseases were defined using modified criteria based on data available in the MLSP: SjD (anti-SSA/Ro positive and evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and/or xerostomia), APLS (antiphospholipid antibody positive and evidence of a blood clot), and FM (diagnosis in the chart).

Results

1,342 patients fulfilled SLE classification criteria. Of these, SjD was identified in 147 (11.0%, 95% CI 9.2–12.7%) patients with women and non-Latino Asian patients being the most highly represented. APLS was diagnosed in 119 (8.9%, 95% CI 7.3–10.5%) patients with the highest frequency in Latino patients. FM was present in 120 (8.9%, 95% CI 7.3–10.5) patients with non-Latino White and Latino patients having the highest frequency. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were most prevalent in non-Latino Asian, Black, and Latino patients while anti-Sm antibodies showed the highest proportion in non-Latino Black and Asian patients. Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies were most prevalent in non-Latino Asian patients and least prevalent in non-Latino White patients. Men were more likely to be anti-Sm positive.

Conclusion

Data from the MLSP revealed differences among patients classified as SLE in the prevalence of concomitant rheumatic diseases and autoantibody profiles by sex and race/ethnicity underscoring comorbidities associated with SLE.
Hybrid de novo and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Vechur cattle — elucidating genetic variation
Authors: Muthusamy Poorvishaa V. , Vakayil Mani Rajesh , Kumari Shivani , Kaur Manpreet , Bhaskar Balu , Raghavan Pillai Rajeev , Sajeev Kumar Thankappan , Anilkumar Thapasimuthu Vijayamma , Singh Nongmaithem Sadananda
Published: March 2024

Cattle contribute to the nutritional needs and economy of a place. The performance and fitness of cattle depend on the response and adaptation to local climatic conditions. Genomic and genetic studies are important for advancing cattle breeding, and availability of relevant reference genomes is essential. In the present study, the genome of a Vechur calf was sequenced on both short-read Illumina and long-read Nanopore sequencing platforms. The hybrid de novo assembly approach was deployed to obtain an average contig length of 1.97 Mbp and an N50 of 4.94 Mbp. By using a short-read genome sequence of the corresponding sire and dam, a haplotype-resolved genome was also assembled. In comparison to the taurine reference genome, we found 28,982 autosomal structural variants and 16,926,990 SNVs, with 883,544 SNVs homozygous in the trio samples. Many of these SNPs have been reported to be associated with various QTLs including growth, milk yield, and milk fat content, which are crucial determinants of cattle production. Furthermore, population genotype data analysis indicated that the present sample belongs to an Indian cattle breed forming a unique cluster of Bos indicus. Subsequent FST analysis revealed differentiation of the Vechur cattle genome at multiple loci, especially those regions related to whole body growth and cell division, especially IGF1, HMGA2, RRM2, and CD68 loci, suggesting a possible role of these genes in its small stature and better disease resistance capabilities in comparison with the local crossbreeds. This provides an opportunity to select and engineer cattle breeds optimized for local conditions.
A protective effect of inflammatory bowel disease on the severity of sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Stumme Friederike , Steffens Niklas , Steglich Babett , Mathies Franziska , Nawrocki Mikolaj , Sabihi Morsal , Soukou-Wargalla Shiwa , Göke Emilia , Kempski Jan , Fründt Thorben , Weidemann Sören , Schramm Christoph , Gagliani Nicola , Huber Samuel , Bedke Tanja
Published: March 2024

Background

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease marked by inflammation of the bile ducts and results in the development of strictures and fibrosis. A robust clinical correlation exists between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). At present, published data are controversial, and it is yet unclear whether IBD drives or attenuates PSC.

Methods

Mdr2-deficient mice or DDC-fed mice were used as experimental models for sclerosing cholangitis. Additionally, colitis was induced in mice with experimental sclerosing cholangitis, either through infection with Citrobacter rodentium or by feeding with DSS. Lastly, fibrosis levels were determined through FibroScan analysis in people with PSC and PSC-IBD.

Results

Using two distinct experimental models of colitis and two models of sclerosing cholangitis, we found that colitis does not aggravate liver pathology, but rather reduces liver inflammation and liver fibrosis. Likewise, people with PSC-IBD have decreased liver fibrosis compared to those with PSC alone.

Conclusions

We found evidence that intestinal inflammation attenuates liver pathology. This study serves as a basis for further research on the pathogenesis of PSC and PSC-IBD, as well as the molecular mechanism responsible for the protective effect of IBD on PSC development. This study could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for PSC.
Exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from a mega-analysis approach
Authors: Stemmer Edia , Zahavi Tamar , Kellerman Maoz , Sinberger Liat Anabel , Shrem Guy , Salmon‐Divon Mali
Published: March 2024

Background

Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets that are more specific and effective. Our aim was to explore the molecular pathways and genes involved in IBD pathogenesis and to identify new therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis of the disease.

Methods

To obtain the largest possible number of samples and analyze them comprehensively, we used a mega-analysis approach. This involved reprocessing raw data from multiple studies and analyzing them using bioinformatic and machine learning techniques.

Results

We analyzed a total of 697 intestinal biopsies of Ulcerative Colitis (n = 386), Crohn’s disease (n = 183) and non-IBD controls (n = 128). A machine learning analysis detected 34 genes whose collective expression effectively distinguishes inflamed biopsies of IBD patients from non-IBD control samples. Most of these genes were upregulated in IBD. Notably, among these genes, three novel lncRNAs have emerged as potential contributors to IBD development: ENSG00000285744, ENSG00000287626, and MIR4435-2HG. Furthermore, by examining the expression of 29 genes, among the 34, in blood samples from IBD patients, we detected a significant upregulation of 12 genes (p-value < 0.01), underscoring their potential utility as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, by utilizing the CMap library, we discovered potential compounds that should be explored in future studies for their therapeutic efficacy in IBD treatment.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis, suggest novel biomarkers for IBD diagnosis and offer new prospects for therapeutic intervention.
Remission of relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma induced by brentuximab vedotin and pembrolizumab combination after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Giannotti Federica , De Ramon Ortiz Carmen , Simonetta Federico , Morin Sarah , Bernardi Chiara , Masouridi-Levrat Stavroula , Chalandon Yves , Mamez Anne-Claire
Published: March 2024

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with highly chemorefractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The CD30-targeting antibody-drug conjugate Brentuximab-Vedotin (BV) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blocking agents have demonstrated clinical activity with durable responses in relapsed/refractory (r/r) HL. However, patients with a history of allo-HSCT were frequently excluded from clinical trials due to concerns about the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We report the clinical history of a patient with refractory classical HL who underwent two allo-HSCTs (first from matched unrelated and second from haploidentical donor) after relapsing on BV and nivolumab and for whom durable remission was finally obtained using BV-pembrolizumab combination for relapse after haploidentical HSCT. Such treatment was associated with the onset of GVHD after only two cycles which led to treatment discontinuation. However, the side effects were rapidly controlled, and after 2 years of follow-up, the patient is still in remission. Our data support the feasibility and efficacy of combining PD-1 blockade with BV to enhance the graft-versus-lymphoma effect after allo-HSCT.