bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment of Sulfonylureas Reducing Perihematomal Edema in Diabetic Patients With Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Jingjing Zhang , Jingjing Zhao , Bo Hui , Le Wang , Jingya Wei , Dong Wei , Fang Yang , Wen Jiang
Published: October 2021

Background: The sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (SUR1–TRPM4) channel is a target key mediator of brain edema. Sulfonylureas (SFUs) are blockers of the SUR1–TRPM4 channel. We made two assessments for the pretreatment of SFUs: (1) whether it associates with lower perihematomal edema (PHE) and (2) whether it associates with improved clinical outcomes in diabetic patients who have acute basal ganglia hemorrhage.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted in diabetic adults receiving regular SFUs before the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). All of the patients received the clinical diagnosis of spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed by a CT scan within 7 days after hemorrhage. For each case, we selected two matched controls with basal ganglia hemorrhage based on admission time (≤5 years) and age differences (≤5 years), with the same gender and similar hematoma volume. The primary outcome was PHE volume, and the secondary outcomes were relative PHE (rPHE), functional independence according to modified Rankin Scale score and Barthel Index at discharge, and death rate in the hospital.

Results: A total of 27 patients (nine cases and 18 matched controls), admitted between January 1, 2009 and October 31, 2018, were included in our study. There was no significant association between SFU patients and non-SFU patients on PHE volumes [15.4 (7.4–50.2 ml) vs. 8.0 (3.1–22.1) ml, p = 0.100]. Compared to non-SFU patients, the SFU patients had significantly lower rPHE [0.8 (0.7–1.3) vs. 1.5 (1.2–1.9), p = 0.006]. After we adjusted the confounding factors, we found that sulfonylureas can significantly reduce both PHE volume (regression coefficient: −13.607, 95% CI: −26.185 to −1.029, p = 0.035) and rPHE (regression coefficient: −0.566, 95% CI: −0.971 to −0.161, p = 0.009). However, we found no significant improvement in clinical outcomes at discharge, in the event of pretreatment of SFUs before the onset of ICH, even after we adjusted the confounding factors.

Conclusion: For diabetic patients with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage, pretreatment of sulfonylureas may associate with lower PHE and relative PHE on admission. No significant effect was found on the clinical outcomes when the patients were discharged. Future studies are needed to assess the potential clinical benefits using sulfonylureas for ICH patients.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in Different Targets in Improving Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Lin Fabin , Cai Guoen
Published: October 2021

Background: Although a variety of targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been found to be effective in Parkinson's disease (PD), it remains unclear which target for DBS leads to the best improvement in gait disorders in patients with PD. The purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS, internal globus pallidus (GPi)-DBS, and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)-DBS, in improving gait disorders in patients with PD.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database for articles published from January 1990 to December 2020. We used various languages to search for relevant documents to reduce language bias. A Bayesian NMA and systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials were conducted to explore the effects of different targets for DBS on gait damage.

Result: In the 34 included studies, 538 patients with PD met the inclusion criteria. The NMA results of the effect of the DBS “on and off” on the mean change of the gait of the patients in medication-off show that GPi-DBS, STN-DBS, and PPN-DBS are significantly better than the baseline [GPi-DBS: –0.79(–1.2, –0.41), STN-DBS: –0.97(–1.1, –0.81), and PPN-DBS: –0.56(–1.1, –0.021)]. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) score, the STN-DBS (SUCRA = 74.15%) ranked first, followed by the GPi-DBS (SUCRA = 48.30%), and the PPN-DBS (SUCRA = 27.20%) ranked last. The NMA results of the effect of the DBS “on and off” on the mean change of the gait of the patients in medication-on show that, compared with baseline, GPi-DBS and STN-DBS proved to be significantly effective [GPi-DBS: –0.53 (–1.0, –0.088) and STN-DBS: –0.47(–0.66, –0.29)]. The GPi-DBS ranked first (SUCRA = 59.00%), followed by STN-DBS(SUCRA = 51.70%), and PPN-DBS(SUCRA = 35.93%) ranked last.

Conclusion: The meta-analysis results show that both the STN-DBS and GPi-DBS can affect certain aspects of PD gait disorder.
Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People
Authors: Li Yingying , Shen Hui , Li Yike , Bi Mei , Bi Yanhong , Che Xiaoyu , Tian Simiao , Liu Yazhuo
Published: October 2021

Background: Some evidence indicates a potential beneficial effect of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings to date remains inconclusive and little is known about whether sex modifies these associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in this associations among Chinese adults.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, China; Chinese men and women who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism between January and December 2020 were invited to participate in this study. All participants were assessed for basic demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and other serum biomarkers and serum phospholipid FAs.

Results: In total, 575 Chinese adult participants (270 men and 305 women) were included in the analysis. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common among men than women, but there were no significant differences between the sexes in fatty acid composition, except for eicosadienoic acid (EA; 20:2n-6) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The age-adjusted OR for having T2DM in the highest quartile of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) level was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.98) in men, and this association remained consistently significant in the fully adjusted multivariate models. In contrast, no significant associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM risk were observed in women, regardless of model adjustment.

Conclusions: In conclusion, these results demonstrate a notable sex-specific differences in the associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM. Higher n-6 PUFA status may be protective against the risk of T2DM in men.
Treatment Site Does Not Affect Changes in Pulse Wave Velocity but Treatment Length and Device Selection Are Associated With Increased Pulse Wave Velocity After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Hori Daijiro , Fujimori Tomonari , Kusadokoro Sho , Yamamoto Takahiro , Kimura Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: October 2021

Background: Endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysm is associated with an increase in pulse wave velocity (PWV) after surgery. However, the effect of different types of endovascular devices on PWV at different sites of the thoracic aorta remains unclear.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the changes in PWV after endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm; (2) to evaluate whether there is a difference in the changes in PWV at different treatment sites; and (3) to evaluate the effect of treatment length on changes in PWV.

Methods: From July 2008 to July 2021, 276 patients underwent endovascular treatment of the true thoracic aortic aneurysm. Of these patients, 183 patients who underwent preoperative and postoperative PWV measurement within 1 year of surgery were included in the study. The treatment length index was calculated by treatment length divided by the height of the patients.

Results: Five different types of endovascular devices were used (Najuta, Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan; TAG, W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., AZ, USA; Relay, Bolton Medical, Inc., FL, USA; Talent/Valiant, Medtronic, MN, USA; and Zenith, Cook Medical, IN, USA). There was no significant change in PWV in patients receiving Najuta (Before: 2,040 ± 346.8 cm/s vs. After: 2,084 ± 390.5 cm/s, p = 0.14). However, a significant increase was observed in other devices: TAG (Before: 2,090 ± 485.9 cm/s vs. After: 2,300 ± 512.1 cm/s, p = 0.025), Relay (Before: 2,102 ± 465.3 cm/s vs. After: 2,206 ± 444.4 cm/s, p = 0.004), Valiant (Before: 1,696 ± 330.2 cm/s vs. After: 2,186 ± 378.7 cm/s, p < 0.001), and Zenith (Before: 2,084 ± 431.7 cm/s vs. After: 2,321 ± 500.6 cm/s, p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in PWV in patients treated from aortic arch (Before: 2,006 ± 333.7 cm/s vs. After: 2,132 ± 423.7 cm/s, p < 0.001) and patients treated from descending thoracic aorta (Before: 2,116 ± 460.9 cm/s vs. After: 2,292 ± 460.9 cm/s, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment site was not an independent factor associated with changes in PWV. However, Najuta (Coef −219.43, 95% CI −322.684 to −116.176, p < 0.001) and treatment index (Coef 147.57, 95% CI 24.826 to 270.312, p = 0.019) were independent factors associated with changes in PWV.

Conclusion: Najuta did not show a significant increase in PWV, while other commercially available devices showed a significant increase. The treatment site did not have a different effect on PWV. However, the treatment length was an independent factor associated with an increase in PWV.
High Pulsatile Load Decreases Arterial Stiffness: An ex vivo Study
Authors: Neutel Cédric H. G. , Corradin Giulia , Puylaert Pauline , De Meyer Guido R. Y. , Martinet Wim , Guns Pieter-Jan
Published: October 2021

Measuring arterial stiffness has recently gained a lot of interest because it is a strong predictor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, assessing blood vessel stiffness is not easy and thein vivomeasurements currently used provide only limited information.Ex vivoexperiments allow for a more thorough investigation of (altered) arterial biomechanical properties. Such experiments can be performed either statically or dynamically, where the latter better corresponds to physiological conditions. In a dynamic setup, arterial segments oscillate between two predefined forces, mimicking the diastolic and systolic pressures from anin vivosetting. Consequently, these oscillations result in a pulsatile load (i.e., the pulse pressure). The importance of pulse pressure on theex vivomeasurement of arterial stiffness is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that pulsatile load modulates the overall stiffness of the aortic tissue in anex vivosetup. More specifically, increasing pulsatile load softens the aortic tissue. Moreover, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function was affected by pulse pressure. VSMC contraction and basal tonus showed a dependence on the amplitude of the applied pulse pressure. In addition, two distinct regions of the aorta, namely the thoracic descending aorta (TDA) and the abdominal infrarenal aorta (AIA), responded differently to changes in pulse pressure. Our data indicate that pulse pressure altersex vivomeasurements of arterial stiffness and should be considered as an important variable in future experiments. More research should be conducted in order to determine which biomechanical properties are affected due to changes in pulse pressure. The elucidation of the underlying pulse pressure-sensitive properties would improve our understanding of blood vessel biomechanics and could potentially yield new therapeutic insights.
Priming of Frames and Slots in Bilingual Children’s Code-Mixing: A Usage-Based Approach
Authors: Quick Antje Endesfelder , Gaskins Dorota , Frick Maria
Published: October 2021

This article investigates the role of direct input in the code-mixing of three bilingual children aged 2–4 years acquiring English as one language, and either German, Polish, or Finnish as the other. From a usage-based perspective, it is assumed that early children’s utterances are item-based and that they contain many lexically fixed patterns. To account for such patterns, the traceback method has been developed to test the hypothesis that children’s utterances are constructed on the basis of a limited inventory of chunks and frame-and-slot patterns. We apply this method to the code-mixed utterances, suggesting that much of the code-mixing occurs within frame-and-slot patterns, such as Was ist X? as in Was ist breakfast muesli? “What is breakfast muesli?” We further analyzed each code-mixed utterance in terms of priming. Our findings suggest that much of the early code-mixing is based on concrete lexically fixed patterns which are subject to input occurring in immediately prior speech, either the child’s own or that of her caregivers.
Household Diversity and the Impacts of COVID-19 on Families in Portugal
Authors: Gouveia Rita , Ramos Vasco , Wall Karin
Published: October 2021

Throughout the world, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family routines, relationships, projects and sociability, threatening the health, income, social cohesion, and well-being of individuals and their families. Lockdown restrictions imposed during the first wave of the pandemic challenged the theories, concepts, and methods used by family sociologists and the intersecting fields of gender and social inequality. By restricting physical interactions to co-resident family members, the household regained a privileged role as a crucial social laboratory for studying the impact of COVID-19 on family life. The difficulties encountered by individuals in maintaining and dealing with close relationships across households and geographical borders, in a context in which relational proximity was discouraged by the public authorities, exposed the linked nature of family and personal relationships beyond the limits of co-residence. The main aim of this article is to investigate the social impacts of the pandemic on different types of households during the first lockdown at an early stage of the pandemic in Portugal. Drawing on an online survey applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 11,508 households between 25 and 29 March 2020, the authors combined quantitative and qualitative methods, including bi-variate inferential statistics, cluster analysis and in-depth case studies. The article distinguishes between different household types: solo, couple with and without children, extended, friendship, lone-parent families, and intermittent arrangements, such as shared custody. A cross-tabulation of the quantitative data with open-ended responses was carried out to provide a refined analysis of the household reconfigurations brought about during lockdown. The analysis showed how pre-existing unequal structural living conditions shaped the pathways leading to household reconfiguration as families sought to cope with restrictions on mobility, social distancing norms, and other lockdown measures. The findings stress that, in dealing with a crisis, multilevel welfare interventions need to be considered if governments are to cater to the differentiated social needs and vulnerabilities faced by individuals and families.
Equality and Freedom as Uncertainty in Groups
Authors: Hoey Jesse
Published: October 2021

In this paper, I investigate a connection between a common characterisation of freedom and how uncertainty is managed in a Bayesian hierarchical model. To do this, I consider a distributed factorization of a group’s optimization of free energy, in which each agent is attempting to align with the group and with its own model. I show how this can lead to equilibria for groups, defined by the capacity of the model being used, essentially how many different datasets it can handle. In particular, I show that there is a “sweet spot” in the capacity of a normal model in each agent’s decentralized optimization, and that this “sweet spot” corresponds to minimal free energy for the group. At the sweet spot, an agent can predict what the group will do and the group is not surprised by the agent. However, there is an asymmetry. A higher capacity model for an agent makes it harder for the individual to learn, as there are more parameters. Simultaneously, a higher capacity model for the group, implemented as a higher capacity model for each member agent, makes it easier for a group to integrate a new member. To optimize for a group of agents then requires one to make a trade-off in capacity, as each individual agent seeks to decrease capacity, but there is pressure from the group to increase capacity of all members. This pressure exists because as individual agent’s capacities are reduced, so too are their abilities to model other agents, and thereby to establish pro-social behavioural patterns. I then consider a basic two-level (dual process) Bayesian model of social reasoning and a set of three parameters of capacity that are required to implement such a model. Considering these three capacities as dependent elements in a free energy minimization for a group leads to a “sweet surface” in a three-dimensional space defining the triplet of parameters that each agent must use should they hope to minimize free energy as a group. Finally, I relate these three parameters to three notions of freedom and equality in human social organization, and postulate a correspondence between freedom and model capacity. That is, models with higher capacity, have more freedom as they can interact with more datasets.
Conversion of Sewage Sludge and Other Biodegradable Waste into High-Value Soil Amendment within a Circular Bioeconomy Perspective
Authors: Neczaj Ewa , Grosser Anna , Grobelak Anna , Celary Piotr , Singh Bal Ram
Published: October 2021

Resource recovery from biodegradable waste is essential in order to reach the goals of zero circular economy waste generation and zero greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. Waste whose management is a real challenge is sewage sludge, mainly because of high concentrations of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of material stabilization during aerobic stabilization of two feedstocks with sewage sludge obtained from different sources, namely, digestate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and digestate from a co-digestion process. Moreover, the goal of the experiment was to assess the quality of compost in terms of remediation potential. The composting process was carried out for four different mixtures consisting of the mentioned digestates, municipal solid waste, and grass. A better composting efficiency with digestate from the co-digestion process was observed. In that case, a higher temperature in the thermophilic phase (>55 °C) and a higher organic matter loss ratio (60%) were obtained as compared to the process with digestate from wastewater treatment plant. Taking into account the fertilizing properties and the concentration of heavy metals, all obtained composts met the requirements set out in the Polish Regulation for organic fertilizers. Only the content of Helminth eggs in the composts produced with the digestate from the wastewater treatment plant was above the acceptable level. The research also proved that the produced composts can be used in the phytoremediation process of the degraded area. It was found that all composts caused a significant increase in fescue biomass. The highest yield was achieved for compost produced from a mixture with the addition of 30% sewage sludge from the co-digestion process.
How CO2-to-Diesel Technology Could Help Reach Net-Zero Emissions Targets: A Canadian Case Study
Authors: Ruttinger Andrew William , Kannangara Miyuru , Shadbahr Jalil , De Luna Phil , Bensebaa Farid
Published: October 2021

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an attractive technology for the decarbonization of global energy systems. However, its early development stage makes impact assessment difficult. Moreover, rising popularity in carbon pricing necessitates the development of a methodology for deriving carbon abatement costs that are harmonized with the price of carbon. We develop, using a combined bottom-up analysis and top-down learning curve approach, a levelized cost of carbon abatement (LCCA) model for assessing the true cost of emissions mitigation in CCUS technology under carbon pricing mechanisms. We demonstrate our methodology by adapting three policy scenarios in Canada to explore how the implementation of CO2-to-diesel technologies could economically decarbonize Canada’s transportation sector. With continued policy development, Canada can avoid 932 MtCO2eq by 2075 at an LCCA of CA$209/tCO2eq. Technological learning, low emission hydroelectricity generation, and cost-effective electricity prices make Quebec and Manitoba uniquely positioned to support CO2-to-diesel technology. The additional policy supports beyond 2030, including an escalating carbon price, CO2-derived fuel blending requirements, or investment in low-cost renewable electricity, which can accelerate market diffusion of CO2-to-diesel technology in Canada. This methodology is applicable to different jurisdictions and disruptive technologies, providing ample foci for future work to leverage this combined technology learning + LCCA approach.
Simultaneous Inhibition of PD-1 and Stimulation of CD40 Signaling Pathways by Anti-PD-L1/CD40L Bispecific Fusion Protein Synergistically Activate Target and Effector Cells
Authors: Pandey Madhu S. , Wang Chunlei , Umlauf Scott , Lin Shihua
Published: October 2021

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) or fusion proteins (BsAbFPs) present a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Numerous BsAbs targeting coinhibitory and costimulatory pathways have been developed for retargeting T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs). It is challenging to assess the potency of BsAb that engages two different signaling pathways simultaneously in a single assay format, especially when the two antigen targets are expressed on different cells. To explore the potency of anti-PD-L1/CD40L BsAbFP, a fusion protein that binds to human CD40 and PD-L1, we engineered CHO cells as surrogate APCs that express T cell receptor activator and PD-L1, Jurkat cells with PD-1 and NFAT-luciferase reporter as effector T cells, and Raji cell with NFkB-luciferase that endogenously expresses CD40 as accessory B cells. A novel reporter gene bioassay was developed using these cell lines that allows anti-PD-L1/CD40L BsAbFP to engages both PD-1/PD-L1 and CD40/CD40L signaling pathways in one assay. As both reporters use firefly luciferase, the effects of activating both signaling pathways is observed as an increase in luminescence, either as a higher upper asymptote, a lower EC50, or both. This dual target reporter gene bioassay system reflects potential mechanism of action and demonstrated the ability of anti-PD-L1/CD40L BsAbFP to synergistically induce biological response compared to the combination of anti-PD-L1 monovalent monoclonal antibody and agonist CD40L fusion protein, or either treatment alone. The results also showed a strong correlation between the drug dose and biological response within the tested potency range with good linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and stability indicating properties, suggesting that this “three-cell-in-one” dual target reporter gene bioassay is suitable for assessing potency, structure-function and critical quality attributes of anti-PD-L1/CD40L BsAbFP. This approach could be used for developing dual target bioassays for other BsAbs and antibodies used for combination therapy.
Estimation of Walking Speed and Its Spatiotemporal Determinants Using a Single Inertial Sensor Worn on the Thigh: From Healthy to Hemiparetic Walking
Authors: Arumukhom Revi Dheepak , De Rossi Stefano M. M. , Walsh Conor J. , Awad Louis N.
Published: October 2021

We present the use of a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) worn on the thigh to produce stride-by-stride estimates of walking speed and its spatiotemporal determinants (i.e., stride time and stride length). Ten healthy and eight post-stroke individuals completed a 6-min walk test with an 18-camera motion capture system used for ground truth measurements. Subject-specific estimation models were trained to estimate walking speed using the polar radius extracted from phase portraits produced from the IMU-measured thigh angular position and velocity. Consecutive flexion peaks in the thigh angular position data were used to define each stride and compute stride times. Stride-by-stride estimates of walking speed and stride time were then used to compute stride length. In both the healthy and post-stroke cohorts, low error and high consistency were observed for the IMU estimates of walking speed (MAE < 0.035 m/s; ICC > 0.98), stride time (MAE < 30 ms; ICC > 0.97), and stride length (MAE < 0.037 m; ICC > 0.96). This study advances the use of a single wearable sensor to accurately estimate walking speed and its spatiotemporal determinants during both healthy and hemiparetic walking.
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Concentration Measurement Based on Conservation of Energy Metabolism and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhu Jianming , Zhou Yu , Huang Junxiang , Zhou Aojie , Chen Zhencheng
Published: October 2021

Blood glucose (BG) concentration monitoring is essential for controlling complications arising from diabetes, as well as digital management of the disease. At present, finger-prick glucometers are widely used to measure BG concentrations. In consideration of the challenges of invasive BG concentration measurements involving pain, risk of infection, expense, and inconvenience, we propose a noninvasive BG concentration detection method based on the conservation of energy metabolism. In this study, a multisensor integrated detection probe was designed and manufactured by 3D-printing technology to be worn on the wrist. Two machine-learning algorithms were also applied to establish the regression model for predicting BG concentrations. The results showed that the back-propagation neural network model produced better performance than the multivariate polynomial regression model, with a mean absolute relative difference and correlation coefficient of 5.453% and 0.936, respectively. Here, about 98.413% of the predicted values were within zone A of the Clarke error grid. The above results proved the potential of our method and device for noninvasive glucose concentration detection from the human wrist.
Home versus In-Center Dialysis and Day of the Week Hospitalization: A Cohort Study
Authors: Tennankore Karthik K. , Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Matheson Kara , Chan Christopher T. , Trinh Emilie , Perl Jeffrey
Published: October 2021

Background

The dialysis treatment day after the 2-day interdialytic interval (Monday/Tuesday) is associated with a heightened risk of hospitalization for patients on in-center hemodialysis (ICHD). In this national cohort study, we sought to characterize hospitalizations by day of the week for patients receiving ICHD, home HD (HHD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to identify whether there were differences in the probability of a Monday/Tuesday admission for each modality type.

Methods

Patients on maintenance dialysis in Canada were analyzed from 2005 to 2014 using the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Patients on hemodialysis were categorized as those receiving ICHD, HHD, frequent ICHD, or frequent HHD (the latter two included short daily and nocturnal HD). Hospitalizations were attributed to the previous treatment if they occurred within 30 days of a treatment change. Differences in the proportion of patients experiencing a Monday/Tuesday admission with all other days of the week were compared using a generalized linear model with binomial distribution and reported using adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs.

Results

Overall, 27,430 individuals experienced 111,748 hospitalization episodes. Rates per 1000 patient days were 3.76, 2.98, 2.71, 2.16, and 2.13 for each of frequent ICHD, ICHD, PD, HHD, and frequent HHD, respectively. Compared with those on ICHD, only patients receiving frequent HHD (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97) and PD (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.97) had a lower odds of experiencing a Monday/Tuesday admission. The OR was lower when restricted to hospitalization episodes for cardiovascular reasons comparing frequent HHD with ICHD (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96).

Conclusion

In this nationally representative cohort, we identified that the probability of a Monday/Tuesday admission was lower for frequent HHD and PD compared with ICHD, most notably for hospitalizations due to cardiovascular causes. Gaining a better understanding of the reasons behind this observation may help to develop future strategies to reduce overall and cause-specific hospitalization for patients receiving dialysis.
UJI BERBAGAI JENIS MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PAKCHOY (Brassica Rapa L) SECARA HIDROPONIK
Authors: Tony Tony , Setiawan Setiawan , Rahman Rahmawaty , Rasud Yulianti
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTLocal microorganisms (MOL) are fermented solutions made from various local resources. MOL solution containsmicro and macro nutrients as well as containing bacteria that have the potential to remodel organic matter,stimulate growth, and as a controlling agent for pests and plant diseases, so that MOL can be used both as adecomposer, biological fertilizer and organic pesticides, especially as a fungicide. The aim of this experiment wasto determine the most suitable MOL types of the growth and yield of pakchoy plants. This experiment used aCompletely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments to be tried, namely various types of MOL at aconcentration of 10 ml. L-1 consisting of 5 treatments, namely B1 = Control (without MOL), B2 = MOL Rice,B3 = MOL Vegetables , B4 = MOL Banana weevil, B5 = MOL Banana skin. The results showed that theadministration of rice mole was a better treatment of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width untilthe fourth week of 25.94 cm each; 19.98 strands; 9.59 cm; 5.71 cm; and the fresh weight of pakcoy plants is 68.48g.Keyword : Local Mikroorganisms, Pakchoy, HidroponicABSTRAKMikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) adalah larutan hasil fermentasi yang berbahan dasar dari berbagai sumber dayalokal. Larutan MOL mengandung unsur hara mikro dan makro serta mengandung bakteriyang berpotensi sebagaiperombak bahan organik, perangsang pertumbuhan, dan sebagai agen pengendali hama dan penyakit tanaman,sehingga MOL dapat digunakan baik sebagai dekomposer, pupuk hayati maupun pestisida organik terutamasebagai fungisida.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menentukan jenis MOL yang lebih baik terhadappertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) denganperlakuan yang akan dicobakan yaitu berbagai jenis MOL pada konsentrasi 10 ml.L-1 yang terdiri dari 5perlakuan, yaitu B1 = Kontrol (Tanpa MOL), B2 = MOL Nasi , B3 = MOL Sayuran, B4 = MOL Bonggol Pisang,B5 = MOL Kulit Pisang. Data diolah dengan analisis ragam dan perbedaan antar perlakuan ditentukan dengan UjiBNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian mol nasi merupakan perlakuan yang lebih baik terhadap tinggitanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun hingga minggu keempat yaitu masing-masing 25,94 cm ; 19,98helai; 9,59 cm; 5,71 cm; dan berat segar tanaman pakcoy yaitu 68,48 g.Kata Kunci : Mikroorganisme Lokal, Pakchoy, Hidroponik
STRATEGIC CHALLENGES FOR SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 ENDEMIC
Authors: Naheed Farkhanda , AlMulla Lamya
Published: October 2021

In project management, strategic challenges are likely to be issues or contentions that can have a significant impact on project success. Often project success depends upon how timely and effective strategic implementations were undertaken. Nowadays, Project-based organization cultures are observing a seemingly ever-increasing pace of change and evolving with emerging new technologies. Digital technologies are impacting the dynamics of workplaces by rapidly changing competitive thinking amongst employees including their horizontal and vertical collaborations. After the recent unprecedented times during Covid 19 pandemic, the working methodologies to accommodate remote work cultures have been inculcated into the organizations. This has led to change management, accountability, and productivity determination as a more stern challenge for strategic developments. Additionally, keeping the team focussed and strategically aligned with the organizational mission and vision has become a vital project management aspect. The objective of this article is to explain the strategic challenges faced by project management in strategy implementation in project-based organizations and the possible solutions to the challenges. The ways of succeeding with these challenges effectively are to put more consideration on strategy implementation and develop new strategies to meet with future technology advancements. Moreover, Management should articulate their strategy of how to improve employee capabilities and skills in certain job positions coupled with new technology, which can enhance behavioural strategies for employees. The study will contribute further on new knowledge to the existing body of knowledge on strategy implementation challenges faced by Project management. The study also established that employees' resistance to change and lack of skills to some extent affected the implementation of strategies within the organizations. However, practicing proper change management in the organization can minimize the resistance. The knowledge gained through this research will thus be useful in improving the overall performance of Projects.
Galicia: O seu territorio e a súa organización económica.
Authors: González Laxe Fernando , López Arranz Asunción
Published: October 2021

Os territorios ou rexións, como conxunto coherente de lugares, poñen de manifesto o feito de que un espazo xeográfico distínguese dos seus veciños por medio dunha serie de características diferenciais. Por iso, podemos diferenciar dentro dunha mesma rexión determinadas áreas naturais, áreas homoxéneas ou áreas polarizadas que delimitan as notas singulares e as propias ambigüidades internas de cada rexión. Neste traballo inténtanse reflectir os contrastes dentro do marco natural de Galicia arredor da súa organización económica. Chégase nel a conclusións como o predominio das aglomeracións de microempresas e supervivencia.
El Estado David. Suprimir, sustituir, simplificar.
Authors: Badules Iglesias Darío
Published: October 2021

Recensión de GARCÍA INDA, Agustín (2020): El Estado David. Suprimir, sustituir, simplificar. Salida de emergencia del Estado del bienestar. Madrid: Unión Editorial, 473 páginas.
El papel de las entidades locales en la reactivación de la economía
Authors: Rivero Ortega Ricardo
Published: October 2021

La crisis COVID ha producido un impacto sobre la economía y el empleo sin precedentes. La reactivación requerirá movilizar recursos públicos derivados del instrumento europeo de recuperación, para lo cual se ha aprobado el Real Decreto-Ley 36/2020, así como medidas paralelas en el ámbito autonómico. El Plan para nuestro país, presentado por el Gobierno de España a la comisión europea a finales de abril, debería tener más en cuenta los proyectos e iniciativas de las entidades locales, por su proximidad a los problemas, su conocimiento de las necesidades y su capacidad de intervención más ágil e inmediata.
Una aproximación a la clasificación de heridas afectivas
Authors: Rodríguez Pacas Paola , Del Castillo Drago Humberto , Caballero Andrade Mónica
Published: October 2021

Las heridas afectivas son situaciones o acontecimientos fuertes que producen una alteración en la afectividad de la persona. Desde el modelo de la Psicoterapia de la Reconciliación (Del Castillo, 2016), se ha visto que dichas heridas pueden aparecer a lo largo de la historia personal, tanto en el ámbito familiar como en otras áreas vitales. Este artículo procura hacer una revisión de las manifestaciones psicológicas que las heridas afectivas tienen en la persona adulta, y además, presentar una clasificación y definición de las mismas. En general, los resultados indican que las heridas afectivas sí tienen consecuencias clínicamente significativas en el componente psicológico, y que estas pueden ser clasificadas para facilitar su identificación durante el proceso psicoterapéutico. Palabras clave: Psicoterapia, trauma, herida afectiva, reconciliación personal.
A Physicist’s Journey
Authors: Socolow Robert
Published: October 2021

If physicists are skeptical about climate science, it is because they believe the earth is too complex a system to be understood using the tools and data currently available. In this, they represent an anomaly in the broader scientific community. Physicists can also make a strong case that climate science is being done well and that its major conclusions are correct.
Rasisme dan Kaum Tertindas: Perjuangan Nir-Kekerasan Martin Luther King Jr., dan Implikasinya Bagi Masyarakat Papua
Authors: Ngabalin Marthinus
Published: October 2021

Nonviolence struggle on the issue of racism: The White and Black in the United States voiced by Martin Luther King, Jr. The impact was that he won the Nobel Peace Prize for speaking out the peaceful side in every action for blacks. Learning from King, regarding the issue of racism in Papua, the path of peace by presenting love must be the most important thing to promote peace and humanity. The method used in the research is qualitative research with a literature study approach. This study aims to explain the problem of racism, describe Martin Luther King's, background and explain the main points of Martin Luther King's struggle, racism, and humanity where everyone is required to fight violence nonviolently.
Multi-wavelength Observations of AT2019wey: a New Candidate Black Hole Low-mass X-ray Binary
Authors: Yao Yuhan , Kulkarni S. R. , Burdge Kevin B. , Caiazzo Ilaria , De Kishalay , Dong Dillon , Fremling C. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kupfer Thomas , van Roestel Jan , Sollerman Jesper , Bagdasaryan Ashot , Bellm Eric C. , Cenko S. Bradley , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Kaye Stephen , Masci Frank J. , Miranda Nicolas , Prince Thomas A. , Riddle Reed , Rusholme Ben , Soumagnac Maayane T.
Published: October 2021

AT2019wey (SRGA J043520.9+552226, SRGE J043523.3+552234) is a transient first reported by the ATLAS optical survey in 2019 December. It rose to prominence upon detection, three months later, by the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission in its first all-sky survey. X-ray observations reported in Yao et al. suggest that AT2019wey is a Galactic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) with a black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) accretor. Here we present ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of this object. We show that the companion is a short-period (P ≲ 16 hr) low-mass (<1 M
⊙) star. We consider AT2019wey to be a candidate BH system since its locations on the L
radio–L
X and L
opt–L
X diagrams are closer to BH binaries than NS binaries. We demonstrate that from 2020 June to August, despite the more than 10 times brightening at radio and X-ray wavelengths, the optical luminosity of AT2019wey only increased by 1.3–1.4 times. We interpret the UV/optical emission before the brightening as thermal emission from a truncated disk in a hot accretion flow and the UV/optical emission after the brightening as reprocessing of the X-ray emission in the outer accretion disk. AT2019wey demonstrates that combining current wide-field optical surveys and SRG provides a way to discover the emerging population of short-period BH LMXB systems with faint X-ray outbursts.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise as Adjunct Therapy on the Improvement of Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Case-Control Clinical Trial
Authors: Khonsari Nami Mohammadian , Badrfam Rahim , Mohammdi Mohammad Reza , Rastad Hadith , Etemadi Fateme , Vafaei Zahra , Zandifar Atefeh
Published: October 2021

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on negative and cognitive symptoms and simultaneous evaluation of brain and hippocampus volume in patients with schizophrenia. Forty patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group, in addition to pharmacological treatment, underwent a multi-session exercise program for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, patients were assessed for cognitive status and negative symptoms using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively. Total brain volume and hippocampus volume were also measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, mean MMSE score significantly improved over time, but this improvement was greater in the intervention group (29%) compared to the control group (11%). The same was true for the PANSS negative score (21.5% vs. 53.5%). Absolute hippocampus volume during these 8 weeks, in exercise and control groups, increased from 6.24 to 7.11 and 6.44 to 6.59, respectively. The greater increase in volume obtained in the intervention group was statistically significant (
p
= 0.003). Exercise may be associated with improved cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; however, additional studies are warranted. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(5), 37–43.]
Pseudo compact almost automorphy of neutral type Clifford-valued neural networks with mixed delays
Authors: Li Yongkun , Li Bing
Published: October 2021

We consider a class of neutral type Clifford-valued cellular neural networks with discrete delays and infinitely distributed delays. Unlike most previous studies on Clifford-valued neural networks, we assume that the self feedback connection weights of the networks are Clifford numbers rather than real numbers. In order to study the existence of \begin{document}$ (\mu, \nu) $\end{document}-pseudo compact almost automorphic solutions of the networks, we prove a composition theorem of \begin{document}$ (\mu, \nu) $\end{document}-pseudo compact almost automorphic functions with varying deviating arguments. Based on this composition theorem and the fixed point theorem, we establish the existence and the uniqueness of \begin{document}$ (\mu, \nu) $\end{document}-pseudo compact almost automorphic solutions of the networks. Then, we investigate the global exponential stability of the solution by employing differential inequality techniques. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our theoretical finding. Our results obtained in this paper are completely new, even when the considered networks are degenerated into real-valued, complex-valued or quaternion-valued networks.
Boundedness and asymptotic behavior in a predator-prey model with indirect pursuit-evasion interaction
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Bin
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study the prey-predator model with indirect pursuit-evasion interaction defined on a smooth bounded domain with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. We obtain the globa existence and boundedness of the classical solution of the model by estimating \begin{document}$ L^{p} $\end{document}-norm of \begin{document}$ u $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ v $\end{document}, and we also show the large time behavior and convergence rate of the solution.
Strategy selection of inventory financing based on overconfident retailer
Authors: Jiang Weifan , Liu Jian , Zhou Hui , Wan Miyu
Published: October 2021

Overconfidence of financing enterprises in market demand will have a significant impact on their business decision-making and banks' decision-making. This paper constructs the demand function based on the retailer's overconfidence and establishes the profit functions of the retailer and the bank respectively. Through Stackelberg game analysis, the influence of the retailer's overconfidence on each decision variable can be analyzed. The study has the following findings. Firstly, overconfidence makes decision-making deviate from rational decision-making. Secondly, the relationship between loan-to-value ratio and overconfidence is affected by different factors when the banks know the market or do not understand the market. Thirdly, the relationship between retailer's default probability and overconfidence is different when the bank doesn't know the market or knows the market. Fourthly, when the bank does not understand the market but listen to the overconfident retailer's market analysis, he should choose fixed loan-to-value ratio for financing. The overconfident retailer can ask the bank to give a higher loan-to-value ratio to reduce the capital pressure. Fifthly, when the bank conducts market research, the bank should choose the variable loan-to-value ratio contract for financing, while the retailer only needs to make decisions according to the bank's lending strategy.
Quietism and Counter-Normativity
Authors: Sepielli Andrew
Published: October 2021

Meta-ethical quietists hold that only ethically-relevant considerations may bear on which ethical views to accept. Since the metaphysics of moral properties, the semantics of moral terms, and so forth, are generally not ethically relevant, they generally do not bear on whether to accept any particular ethical view, whether to drop our ethical beliefs wholesale, and so on. The quietist, then, rejects “external” or “sideways-on” vindications of ethics and ethical objectivity. In recent years, David Enoch (2011) and Tristram McPherson (2011) have offered an objection to quietist objectivism that turns this insistence on abjuring “external” vindications against the theory. They imagine alternative, “counter-normative” standards that conflict with ours—a standard of what we have “schmeason” to do, for instance, rather than what we have reason to do. To vindicate ethical objectivity, one would have to show why the “reasons”-standard is somehow privileged over the “schmeasons” standard. Enoch and McPherson argue that quietism cannot step outside the discourse of “reasons” in the way that’d be required to show this. In this paper, I explain how the quietist ought to respond to the “counternormativity” challenge.
The Axiology of Abortion: Should We Hope Pro-Choicers or Pro-Lifers are Right?
Authors: Hendricks Perry
Published: October 2021

The ethics of abortion considers whether abortion is immoral. Pro-choice philosophers think that it is not immoral, while pro-life philosophers think that it is. The axiology of abortion considers whether world would be better if the pro-choice or pro-life position is right. While much attention has been given to the ethics of abortion, there has been no attention given to the axiology of abortion. In this article, I seek to change that. I consider various arguments for thinking our world would be better if the pro-choice position or the pro-life position is correct, ultimately concluding that it would be better if the pro-choice position is right. This is unfortunate, however, since there is no good reason to think the pro-choice position is correct.
Arrangement and Timing: Photography, Causation and Anti-Empiricist Aesthetics
Authors: Cavedon-Taylor Dan , Cavedon-Taylor Dan
Published: October 2021

According to the causal theory of photography (CTP), photographs acquire their depictive content from the world, whereas handmade pictures acquire their depictive content from their makers’ intentional states about the world. CTP suffers from what I call the Problem of the Missing Agent: it seemingly leaves no room for the photographer to occupy a causal role in the production of their pictures and so is inconsistent with an aesthetics of photography. In this paper, I do three things. First, I amend CTP with Fred Dretske’s distinction between triggering and structuring causes, thereby overcoming the Problem of the Missing Agent. Second, I argue that CTP so amended in fact illuminates two aesthetic interests that we may take in photographs, focussing on photographic portraiture and street photography. Third, I show how reflection on the aesthetics of photography serves to support aesthetic anti-empiricism: the view that the aesthetic value of artworks consists, at least in part, in achievement rather than sensory pleasure.