bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Doped Facet‐Selective Copper Nanowires for Activating CO‐to‐Ethanol Electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Xing , Ling Chongyi , Ren Siyun , Xi Hanchen , Ji Liyao , Wang Jinlan , Zhu Jia
Published: October 2024

Ethanol isa promising energy vector for closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle through reversible electrochemical redox. Currently, ethanol electrosynthesissuffers from low product selectivity due to the competitive advantage of ethylene in CO2/CO electroreduction. Here, a facet‐selective metal‐doping strategy is reported, tuning the reaction kinetics of CO reduction paths and thus enhancing the ethanol selectivity. The theoretical calculations reveal that nickel (Ni)doped Cu(100) surface facilitates water dissociation to form adsorbed hydrogen, which promotesselective electrochemical hydrogenation of a key C2 intermediate (*CHCOH) toward ethanol path over ethylene path. Experimentally, a solution‐phase synthesis of a Ni‐doped {100}‐dominated Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) catalyst is reported, enabling an ethanol Faradaic efficiency of 56% and a selectivity ratio of ethanol to ethylene of 2.7, which are ≈4 and 15 times larger than those of undoped Cu NWs, respectively. The operando spectroscopic characterizations confirm that Ni‐doping in Cu NWs can alter the interfacial water activity and thus regulate the C2 product selectivity. With further electrode engineering, a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer using Ni‐doped Cu NWs catalysts demonstrates an ethanol Faradaic efficiency over 50% at 300 mA cm−2 with a full cell voltage of ≈2.7 V and operates stably for over 300 h.
Exploring the Frontiers of Cell Temperature Measurement and Thermogenesis
Authors: Zhu Hanliang , Xu Haotian , Zhang Yue , Brodský Jan , Gablech Imrich , Korabečná Marie , Neuzil Pavel
Published: October 2024

The precise measurement of cell temperature and an in‐depth understanding of thermogenic processes are critical in unraveling the complexities of cellular metabolism and its implications for health and disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms of local temperature generation within cells and the array of methods developed for accurate temperature assessment. The contact and noncontact techniques are introduced, including infrared thermography, fluorescence thermometry, and other innovative approaches to localized temperature measurement. The role of thermogenesis in cellular metabolism, highlighting the integral function of temperature regulation in cellular processes, environmental adaptation, and the implications of thermogenic dysregulation in diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer are further discussed. The challenges and limitations in this field are critically analyzed while technological advancements and future directions are proposed to overcome these barriers. This review aims to provide a consolidated resource for current methodologies, stimulate discussion on the limitations and challenges, and inspire future innovations in the study of cellular thermodynamics.
Metal–Organic Framework and Covalent–Organic Framework‐Based Aerogels: Synthesis, Functionality, and Applications
Authors: Shao Gaofeng , Huang Xiaogu , Shen Xiaodong , Li Changxia , Thomas Arne
Published: October 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs)‐based aerogels are garnering significant attention owing to their unique chemical and structural properties. These materials harmoniously combine the advantages of MOFs and COFs—such as high surface area, customizable porosity, and varied chemical functionality—with the lightweight and structured porosity characteristic of aerogels. This combination opens up new avenues for advanced applications in fields where material efficiency and enhanced functionality are critical. This review provides a comparative overview of the synthetic strategies utilized to produce pristine MOF/COF aerogels as well as MOF/COF‐based hybrid aerogels, which are functionalized with molecular precursors and nanoscale materials. The versatility of these aerogels positions them as promising candidates for addressing complex challenges in environmental remediation, energy storage and conversion, sustainable water‐energy technologies, and chemical separations. Furthermore, this study discusses the current challenges and future prospects related to the synthesis techniques and applications of MOF/COF aerogels.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Dialkyl Carbinols by Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive‐Oxidative Relay of Distinct Alkenes
Authors: Zi Quan‐Xing , Shu Wei
Published: October 2024

Enantioenriched unsymmetric dialkyl carbinol derivatives are of importance in natural products, bioactive molecules, and functional organic materials. However, the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of dialkyl carbinol derivatives remains challenging due to the similar steric and electronic properties of two alkyl substituents. Herein, an unprecedented synthesis of chiral dialkyl carbinol ester derivatives from Ni‐catalyzed reductive‐oxidative relay cross‐coupling of two alkenes is developed for the first time. The reaction features the use of enol esters and unactivated alkenes as two different alkyl equivalents to undergo head‐to‐tail and enantioselective alkyl‐alkyl cross‐coupling. The reaction undergoes two‐electron reduction and single electron oxidation in the presence of both reductants and oxidants. The use of an allyl bromide as single electron acceptor is crucial for the success of this non‐trivial asymmetric cross‐coupling, providing a new reaction mode for asymmetric alkyl‐alkyl bond‐forming event in the absence of stoichiometric alkyl electrophiles.
Developing Practical Catalysts for High‐Current‐Density Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Cao Chentian , Ling Tao , Ye Chao , Lu Jian , Shan Jieqiong
Published: October 2024

High‐current‐density water electrolysis is considered a promising technology for industrial‐scale green hydrogen production, which is of significant value to energy decarbonization and numerous sustainable industrial applications. To date, substantial research advancements are achieved in catalyst design for laboratory‐based water electrolysis. While the designed catalysts demonstrate remarkable performance at laboratory‐based low current densities, they suffer from marked deteriorations in both activity and long‐term stability under industrial‐level high‐current‐density operations. To provide a timely assessment that helps bridge the gap between laboratory‐scale fundamental research and industrial‐scale practical water electrolysis technology, here the current advancements in various commercial water electrolyzers are first systematically analyzed, then the key parameters including work temperature, current density, lifetime of stacks, cell efficiency, and capital cost of stacks are critically evaluated. In addition, the impact of high current density on the electrocatalytic behavior of catalysts, including intrinsic activity, long‐term stability, and mass transfer, is discussed to advance the catalyst design. Therefore, by covering a range of critical issues from fundamental material design principles to industrial‐scale performance parameters, here the future research directions in the development of highly efficient and low‐cost catalysts are presented and a procedure for screening laboratory‐designed catalysts for industrial‐scale water electrolysis is outlined.
Transfer Learning‐Assisted Porous Polymer Humidity Sensor for Powered Air‐Purifying Mask
Authors: Wang Yue , Qi Xinkai , Chen Lu , Cheng Yongchao , Mu Zhefu , Gu Xiuquan , Li Shiyin , Song Yunfeng , He Xinjian , Huang Sheng
Published: October 2024

Masks protect respiratory health in the coal, oil, and gas industries. However, prolonged exposure to high humidity inside masks can cause discomfort and increase the risk of respiratory diseases. To address the issue, in this work, a porous polymer humidity sensor suitable for monitoring respiratory changes in high humidity environment is prepared and integrated into the power air‐purifying mask. Combined with the transfer learning algorithm, the problem with respiratory resistance caused by delayed air supply due to signal processing in the traditional power air‐purifying mask is overcome, and the respiratory signal is effectively predicted in advance, so as to achieve real‐time on‐demand air supply. The brief process is as follows: A porous polymer humidity sensor with fast response/recovery times (2.94/4.86 s) at 95% relative humidity (RH) is developed for monitoring respiratory rate changes in high humidity environments. By integrating this sensor with a powered air‐purifying system and employing a transfer learning algorithm, the system predicts respiratory signals and adjusts the air supply in real‐time. This reduces mask humidity from 95% RH to 40–50% RH in 1.8 s, ensuring comfortable, low‐resistance breathing for workers.This work will be conductive to the development of comfortable poweredair‐purifying respirators with low resistance and humidity.
Population History and Anthropometric Variation of West Coast Irish Islands
Authors: Relethford John H.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Previous research using anthropometric data from the west coast of Ireland in the late 19th century showed that two island populations, the Aran Islands and Inishbofin, were phenotypically divergent from the mainland and more similar to England, a pattern consistent with historical evidence for English admixture. The present study extends these analyses by including data from two other island populations in the region that do not have a history of English admixture.

Materials and Methods

Data were taken from published sources for six west coast Irish populations measured in the 1890s: two mainland groups (Connemara and Erris) and four island populations (the Aran Islands, Clare Island, Inishbofin, and the Inishkea Islands). The anthropometric data consist of 13 measures on 317 males. Mahalanobis distances among the six populations were derived as well as distances to a mean based on English anthropometric data.

Results

The two island populations with a history of likely English admixture following the garrisoning of English soldiers in previous centuries were the most divergent from the Irish mainland and most similar to the English mean. The other two island populations (Clare Island and the Inishkea Islands) did not have a history of English admixture and were most similar to the Irish mainland.

Discussion

The different patterns of anthropometric similarity among the four island populations show different population histories and support earlier studies suggesting differential English admixture as a factor in the population structure of the region.
A Facile and Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Formamidothiazoles via the C−H Formamidation of Thiazole N‐Oxides with Isocyanides
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Lu Qianchen , Wang Jiayi , Song Gonghua
Published: October 2024

A facile, microwave‐promoted, regioselective C−H formamidation of thiazole N‐oxides with isocyanides in the presence of TBDPSCl was developed. Various 2‐(N‐substituted formamido)thiazoles were obtained in moderate to high yields. In the case of the C2‐substituted thiazole N‐oxides, the C−H formamidation took place selectively at the C4 position of the thiazole ring. This transformation is also applicable to some other N‐containing heterocyclic derivatives such as pyridine, quinoline, and pyridazine N‐oxides and has advantages such as broad substrate tolerance, high regioselectivity, and mild reaction conditions.
Development of the Esterase PestE for Amide Bond Synthesis Under Aqueous Conditions: Enzyme Cascades for Converting Waste PET into Tamibarotene
Authors: Goulding Ellie , Ward Lucy C. , Allan Faye E. , Dittman Drew , Salcedo‐Sora Jesus E. , Carnell Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

A growing number of hydrolase enzymes show promiscuous acyltransferase activity, even under aqueous conditions. Here we report, for the first time, the ability of Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1 esterase (PestE) to catalyse the formation of a wide range of amides in buffer, where the acyl donor forms a significant structural component in the amide product. The reactions occur under mild conditions and can achieve conversions up to 97 % in 6 h for formation of N‐benzylfuranamide as the model reaction. We demonstrate PestE's potential in enzyme cascades to make amides from waste PET plastic and the conversion of the terephthalic acid product to tamibarotene, a drug with activity against acute leukemia. Rational mutagenesis led to identification of PestE variants F33L F289A and F33L. F33L F289A increased conversion of N‐benzylfuranamide by 1.2‐fold, and F33L gave a 4‐fold increase in conversion to tamibarotene.
Stereochemical Impacts on Acyclic Mechanochemical Carbon‐Carbon Bond Activation
Authors: Schwarz Rony , Manor Armon Amit , Diesendruck Charles E.
Published: October 2024

The influence of stereochemistry on the mechanochemistry rate is studied using a new mechanophore based on a benzopinacol (BP) skeleton. Two sets of BP diastereomers, the meso R,S and the R,R/S,S were isolated, incorporated into the center of a poly(methyl acrylate), and their mechanical activation rate was measured in solution. Under mechanical stress, the central C−C bond in BP is cleaved, providing two independent benzophenone molecules with higher UV‐absorption coefficient at 254 nm. Monitoring the reaction rate spectroscopically indicates that the chiral R,R/S,S enantiomers react ~1.4 fold faster compared to the meso R,S diastereomer. In‐silico modeling indicates that a hydrogen bond between the syn hydroxyls in the R,R diastereomer becomes shorter with stress, reducing the maximal force required for C−C bond scission, while this bond is inexistent in the meso diastereomer, as the hydroxyl are anti to each other. Our results indicate that in polymer where free rotation around bonds is possible, non‐covalent interactions between backbone substituents, which are affected by relative stereochemistry, can play a fundamental role in the mechanochemical stability of the polymer.
A 3D Robust and Microporous B←N Framework with 8‐connected Sandwich Nodes for Efficient Separation of Hexane Isomers
Authors: Lin Hongyu , Zhang Hao , Li Yunbin , Yuan Furong , Zheng Xiaoqing , He Lei , Li Lu , Zhang Yongfan , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: October 2024

Recently B←N organic frameworks (BNFs) have gained substantial attention owing to their unique dative bond energy, which imparts them with specialized functionalities across a broad spectrum of applications. Despite previous reports on BNFs with permanent porosity, research endeavors towards three‐dimensional (3D) BNFs with similar properties are scarce, with no report of robust 3D BNFs featuring permanent porosity to date. Herein, electrostatic complementary strategy is proposed to construct the first example of 3D robust and microporous BNF, BNF‐100, featuring a reo topology with 8‐connected sandwich nodes assembled via dative B←N bonds. The activated form BNF‐100 a exhibits excellent chemical stability and permanent porosity with Langmuir surface area of 645.9 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.23 cm3 g−1. BNF‐100 a can efficiently separate hexane isomers through sieving mechanisms, as confirmed by vapor adsorption experiments and dynamic breakthrough tests, surpassing the performance of most MOF materials. Finally, we achieved the purification of different branched hexane isomers using a single breakthrough column in a combined breakthrough and purging experiment, which is the first reported instance in the literature on hexane isomer separation.
Regulation of Exciton Effects in Functionalized Conjugated Polymers by B‐N Lewis Pairs for Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Ru Chenglong , Nie Xiaoyu , Lan Zhi‐An , Pan Zhiming , Xing Wandong , Wang Sibo , Yu Jimmy C. , Hou Yidong , Wang Xinchen
Published: October 2024

Strong excitonic effects are common in organic conjugated polymer semiconductors, severely hindering the generation of free charge carriers for conducting photocatalysis. Therefore, exploring new channels to modulate exciton dissociation in polymers is far‐reaching in facilitating photocatalysis. A series of B−N Lewis pair functionalized conjugated polymers have been developed to minimize exciton effects by modulating charge transfer pathways. Theoretical studies have shown that introducing B−N Lewis pairs can dramatically increase the distance of charge transfer (D index) and the amount of electron transfer and reduce the Coulomb attraction energy (EC), which contributes to breaking the equilibrium of the coexistence of excitons and charge carriers. Further experimental results show that the singlet excitons are efficiently dissociated into more free‐charge carriers under photoexcitation to participate in surface reactions. The optimized polymer PyPBM shows an exponential increase in photocatalytic hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production performance by visible light illumination.
Ligand Assisted Hydrogen Bonding: A Game‐Changer in Lead Passivation and Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ahmed Rida , Rehman Sajidur , Chen Zhiliang , Ye Feihong , Ren Xingang
Published: October 2024

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies comparable to silicon‐based solar cells, yet their instability under environmental stressors, such as humidity, heat, and light, remains a significant barrier to commercialization. A primary cause of this instability is the uncoordinated lead ions (Pb2+), which accelerates the degradation of PSCs and pose environmental concerns due to potential lead leakage. Recently, the introduction of ligands into PSCs has shown promise in mitigating lead toxicity through effective passivation, primarily by forming hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) between functional groups of the ligands and the perovskite structure. In this minireview, we explore the critical role of H‐bonds in stabilizing PSCs by enhancing the structural integrity of the perovskite layer and reducing lead leakage. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of these ligands in defect passivation, hydrophobicity, self‐encapsulation, cross‐linking, and self‐healing mechanisms. These insights will highlight the multi‐functional capabilities of ligands in improving the long‐term stability and durability of PSCs, offering pathways to address current challenges in their commercialization.
Enantiomorphic Site‐Assisted Chain End Control Stereospecific Alternating Copolymerization of Chiral Cyclic Diesters
Authors: Xian Ji , Chen Hao , Yao Ge , Chen Fei , Chen Zhichun , Cao Hongzhang , Cao Luya , Pan Xiaobo , Tang Yu , Wu Jincai
Published: October 2024

Stereospecific alternating copolymerization of different chiral cyclic esters is one feasible approach to enrich the structural diversity of copolyesters and tailor their properties. However, dramatically different reactivities of different cyclic esters let a perfectly stereospecific alternating polymerization of these cyclic esters be a challenge, thus the catalyst is required to balance their reactivities. Herein, a remarkable enantiomorphic site effect on chain end control was discovered and successfully utilized to balance the reactivities of highly reactive S, S‐lactide (S, S‐LA) and low reactive R, R‐ethylglycolide (R, R‐EG)/R, R‐propylglycolide (R, R‐PG) during their heterospecific alternating copolymerization. The enantiomorphic site of R, R‐SalenAl complex can increase the relative reactivity of R, R‐EG/R, R‐PG and suppress that of S, S‐LA, then a perfectly alternating sequence of the copolymer of S, S‐LA and R, R‐EG/R, R‐PG can be achieved (Palt=0.96/0.91); inversely, using S, S‐SalenAl complex, the significant enantiomorphic site effect enlarges the reactivity difference of two monomers, the alternating level was just 0.70/0.68 even to 0.61. Poly(S, S‐LA‐alt‐R, R‐EG) with a high alternating regularity exhibits lower glass transition temperatures and a dramatically higher elongation at break (ϵB=449±51 % (Palt=0.96) vs ϵB=6±1% (Palt=0.70)).
Advanced functional polymer materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Elsayed Rokya , Teow Yeit Haan
Published: October 2024

Polymer structures are essential in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to form intricate structures on micro‐ to nanometer scales. This review, emphasizing electrospinning and phase inversion techniques, examines the fabrication strategies and chemical design of polymer structures for biomedical use. Electrospinning, particularly needleless electrospinning, produces nanofibres with high porosity and flexibility and is widely applied in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Phase inversion, including thermal, nonsolvent‐, vapor‐ and evaporation‐induced phase separation, allows precise control over polymer properties but faces challenges in terms of cooling rates and solvent characteristics. Chemical design through doping, functionalization, cross‐linking and copolymerization enhances the biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties of polymers, facilitating advanced applications in drug delivery, tissue scaffolding and biosensors. Advanced functional polymers are revolutionizing biomedical fields, offering innovative solutions for therapeutic medicine delivery, disease detection, diagnostics, and regenerative medicine. Despite remarkable progress, challenges, such as scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental impact, persist. This review underscores the transformative potential of advanced polymer materials in medical treatments and advocates for continuous research and interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome existing challenges and fully exploit the capabilities of these materials in improving patient care and medical outcomes. Future perspectives highlight enhancing precision control mechanisms, integrating phase inversion with other techniques and developing large‐scale production methods to advance the field further.
Tooth eruption status and bite force determine dental microwear texture gradients in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus forma domestica)
Authors: Winkler Daniela E. , Bernetière Isabelle , Böhmer Christine
Published: October 2024

Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is widely applied for inferring diet in vertebrates. Besides diet and ingesta properties, factors like wear stage and bite force may affect microwear formation, potentially leading to tooth position‐specific microwear patterns. We investigated DMTA consistency along the upper cheek tooth row in young adult female rats at different growth stages, but with erupted adult dentitions. Bite forces for each molar (M) position were determined using muscle cross‐sectional areas and lever arm mechanics. Rats were categorized into three size classes based on increasing skull length. Maximum bite force increased with size, while across all size classes, M3 bite force was almost 1.4 times higher than M1 bite force. In size class 1, M1 and M2 showed higher values than M3 for DMTA complexity, height, and volume parameters, while in size class 3, M1 had the lowest values. Comparing the same tooth position between size classes revealed opposing trends: M1 and M2 showed, for most parameters, decreasing roughness and complexity from size class 1–3, while M3 displayed the opposite trend, with size class 1 showing lowest, and either size class 2 or 3 the highest roughness and complexity values. This suggests that as rats age and M3 fully occludes, it becomes more utilized during mastication. DMTA, being a short‐term diet proxy, is influenced by eruption and occlusion status changes. Our findings emphasize the importance of bite force and ontogenetic stage when interpreting microwear patterns and advise to select teeth in full occlusion for diet reconstruction.
Piperine: an emerging biofactor with anticancer efficacy and therapeutic potential
Authors: Wiraswati Hesti Lina , Ma'ruf Ilma Fauziah , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Calina Daniela
Published: October 2024

Anticancer drug discovery needs serious attention to overcome the high mortality rate caused by cancer. There are still many obstacles to treating this disease, such as the high cost of chemotherapeutic drugs, the resulting side effects from the drug, and the occurrence of multidrug resistance. Herbaceous plants are a reservoir of natural compounds that can be anticancer drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Piperine, a bioactive compound derived from Piper species, is gaining attention due to its unique dual role in directly inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs. Unlike conventional treatments, Piperine exhibits a novel mechanism of action by modulating multiple signaling pathways, including apoptosis and autophagy, with low toxicity. Additionally, Piperine acts as a bioenhancer by improving the absorption and effectiveness of other anticancer agents, reducing the required dosage, and minimizing side effects. Therefore, this review aims to visualize a summary of Piperine sources, phytochemistry, chemical structure–anticancer activity relationship, anticancer activities of semi‐synthetic derivatives, pharmacokinetic and bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, mechanism of antitumor action, human clinical trials, toxicity, side effects, and safety of Piperine. References were collected from the Pubmed/MedLine database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the following keywords: “Piperine anticancer,” “Piperine derivatives,” “Piperine antitumor mechanism” and “Piperine pharmacokinetic and bioavailability,” after filter process by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 101 were selected from 444 articles. From 2013 to 2023, there were numerous studies regarding preclinical studies of Piperine of various cell lines, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, leukemia, colorectal cancer, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In vivo, the anticancer study has also been conducted on some animal models, such as Ehrlich carcinoma‐bearing mice, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells‐bearing Balbc mice, hepatocellular carcinoma‐bearing Wistar rat, A375SM cells‐bearing mice, A375P cells‐bearing mice, SNU‐16 cells‐bearing BalbC mice, and HGC‐27‐bearing baby mice. Treatment with this compound leads to cell proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Piperine has been used for clinical trials of diseases, but no cancer patient report exists. Various semi‐synthetic derivatives of Piperine show efficacy as an anticancer drug across multiple cell lines. Piperine shows promise for use in cancer clinical trials, either as a standalone treatment or as a bioenhancer. Its bioenhancer properties may enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic agents, providing a valuable foundation for developing new anticancer therapies.
Defining Golden Batches in Biomanufacturing Processes From Internal Metabolic Activity to Detect Process Changes That May Affect Product Quality
Authors: Bush Xin , Fratz‐Berilla Erica J. , Kohnhorst Casey L. , King Roberta , Agarabi Cyrus , Powers David N. , Trunfio Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Cellular metabolism plays a role in the observed variability of a drug substance's Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) made by biomanufacturing processes. Therefore, here we describe a new approach for monitoring biomanufacturing processes that measures a set of metabolic reaction rates (named Critical Metabolic Parameters (CMP) in addition to the macroscopic process conditions currently being used as Critical Process Parameters (CPP) for biomanufacturing. Constraint‐based systems biology models like Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) are used to estimate metabolic reaction rates, and metabolic rates are used as inputs for multivariate Batch Evolution Models (BEM). Metabolic activity was reproducible among batches and could be monitored to detect a deliberately induced macroscopic process shift (i.e., temperature change). The CMP approach has the potential to enable “golden batches” in biomanufacturing processes to be defined from the internal metabolic activity and to aid in detecting process changes that may impact the quality of the product. Overall, the data suggested that monitoring of metabolic activity has promise for biomanufacturing process control.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies
Authors: Azizi Marzieh , Heshmatnia Fatemeh , Milani Hamed , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Marvdashti Leila Monjazeb , Moghadam Zahra Behboodi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer‐related death among women. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been used as an effective method in the treatment of depression and anxiety in BC patients, and their effectiveness has been approved in various studies.

Objective

The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety symptoms in BC patients and survivors.

Methods

Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science [WOS], ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from “October 2023” to “February 2024.” The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). In this study, the randomized controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies that assessed the effectiveness of CBT, cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), and the combination of CBT with other psychological studies on depression and anxiety of BC patients and survivors were reviewed.

Results

Out of the 16 included studies, six used CBT, and six used CBGT. In the other four studies, a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions was implemented as an interventional program. Among 16 included studies, 14 studies showed that CBT, CBGT, and a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions significantly decreased the anxiety and depression scores among BC patients and survivors (p < 0.05), and only in two studies, no significant effect was observed.

Conclusion

As most included studies showed the effectiveness of CBT in decreasing the depression and anxiety scores among BC patients and survivors, this study strongly suggests CBT as an effective non‐pharmacological method for the treatment of psychiatric disorders of BC patients during cancer treatments and also for BC survivors.
Enhancing educational efficiency: Generative AI chatbots and DevOps in Education 4.0
Authors: Mekić Edis S. , Jovanović Mihailo N. , Kuk Kristijan V. , Prlinčević Bojan P. , Savić Ana M.
Published: October 2024

The emergence of new technologies has developed a new industrial need for engineering graduate students. This modern industry needs a modern educational framework to support further development. This research revolves around developing the learning methodological approach for university courses that aligns with Education 4.0 and can fulfill the essential knowledge requirements for future engineers in Industry 4.0. We used a constructive approach as a baseline methodology already proven in the field of engineering education. On the other hand, we modified this approach by implementing Industry 4.0 standards, such as Agile methodology, DevOps tools, and Artificial intelligence chatbots. In this way, we managed to establish one more step in the digital transformation of education as one of the paramount cornerstones of Industry 4.0. As a result, during the course, Agile methodology and DevOps tools created a learning environment very similar to the real software development environment in companies. The efficiency of the delivery of the learning material also increased by implementation and integration of AI chatbots. This was tracked by the number of projects developed during course implementation. The study showed that in the field of education, the implementation of novel approaches developed in the industry to increase efficiency can be implemented in the educational environment. It also showed that the implementation of those methodologies does not hinder but improves the efficiency of the educational cycle.
Oxidative Stress Associated With Increased Reactive Nitrogen Species Generation in the Liver and Kidney Caused by a Major Metabolite Accumulating in Tyrosinemia Type 1
Authors: Bender Julia Gabrieli , Ribeiro Rafael Teixeira , Zemniaçak Ângela Beatris , Palavro Rafael , Marschner Rafael Aguiar , Wajner Simone Magagnin , Castro Ediandra Tissot , Leipnitz Guilhian , Wajner Moacir , Amaral Alexandre Umpierrez
Published: October 2024

Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is caused by fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase activity deficiency, resulting in tissue accumulation of upstream metabolites, including succinylacetone (SA), the pathognomonic compound of this disease. Since the pathogenesis of liver and kidney damage observed in the TT1‐affected patients is practically unknown, this study assessed the effects of SA on important biomarkers of redox homeostasis in the liver and kidney of adolescent rats, as well as in hepatic (HepG2) and renal (HEK‐293) cultured cells. SA significantly increased nitrate and nitrite levels and decreased the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver and kidney, indicating induction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation and disruption of antioxidant defenses. Additionally, SA decreased the GSH levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase in hepatic and renal cells. Noteworthy, melatonin prevented the SA‐induced increase of nitrate and nitrite levels in the liver. Therefore, SA‐induced increase of RNS generation and impairment of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses may contribute to hepatopathy and renal disease in TT1.
Percutaneous endovascular management of Angio‐Seal related vascular occlusion
Authors: Haberman Dan , Czulada Evan , Lupu Lior , Chitturi Kalyan R. , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Abusnina Waiel , Merdler Ilan , Reddy Pavan , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron , Bernardo Nelson L.
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of vascular closure devices (VCDs) to achieve quick and safe hemostasis after femoral arterial access is widely accepted. Major complications include bleeding and occlusion of the femoral artery due to device failure, which often necessitates vascular intervention. This manuscript details our peripheral percutaneous endovascular interventional (PEI) approach for the management of femoral artery occlusion resulting from Angio‐Seal (Terumo, Somerset, New Jersey, USA) VCD deployment.

Methods

Consecutive patients who developed occlusive complications after Angio‐Seal deployment underwent PEI to overcome specific complications. Patients’ clinical and procedural characteristics, along with their short‐ and long‐term follow‐up data, were analyzed.

Results

The study cohort included 40 patients who experienced Angio‐Seal occlusive complications between July 2013 and September 2023. The mean age of the patients was 74 ± 10 years and 55% were female. All the patients were treated with PEI, with an overall procedural success rate of 100%. The primary approach for PEI was directional atherectomy, which was used in 35 cases (88%), followed by balloon, while a cutting balloon was used in 5 patients (13%). Stenting served as the definitive therapy in only 7 patients (18%). No procedural complications or conversions to surgery were observed. During a median follow‐up of 244 (IQR = 100–707) days, none of the patients required re‐intervention related to Angio‐Seal occlusion and salvage intervention.

Conclusion

In the management of Angi‐Seal VCD‐related femoral artery occlusion, the adjunctive use of directional atherectomy followed by balloon angioplasty was effective and safe, allowing re‐establishment of flow with excellent long‐term outcomes.
Unexpected multiple sclerosis‐like symptoms in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with Etanercept: A case report
Authors: Hosseinpour Ali , Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh , Daneshzad Elnaz , Babanezhad Gajouti Ali , Hajimollarabi Samaneh
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Massage

Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are used to prevent autoimmune disease, but they can cause adverse effects. Multiple sclerosis syndrome is one of the rare complications following treatment with TNF inhibitor. We reported a case of rheumatoid arthritis with unfavorable outcome post Etanerecept therapy.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are prescribed to treat various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Etanercept, a human anti‐TNF monoclonal antibody, is a therapeutic option in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. One of the rare adverse effects of Etanercept is developing central nervous system and peripheral nervous system demyelination however, there is controversy in the cause of it. In this case, we presented a 35‐year‐old woman with multiple sclerosis (MS)‐like symptoms due to taking Etanercept. She had a history of RA since the age of 18 years and was referred to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of para paresthesia, progressive paraparesis of both lower limbs, and urinary retention a year after Etanercept treatment. We discontinued the Etanercept and started Methylprednisolone and Rituximab. Rapid clinical improvement was noted and in the approximately 6‐month follow‐up, she did not exhibit any neurological worsening. So it is probable that the initiation of Etanercept triggered MS‐like syndrome in these patients and healthcare practitioners should take heed of this adverse effect.
Retrograde approach for recanalization in stumpless chronic total occlusion: A case report
Authors: Wang Dayu , Wei Ruibin , Zheng Junteng , Liu Zhen , Hou Jian , Li Jianhao
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Chronic total occlusive disease of the coronary arteries is the most challenging disease in the field of coronary intervention. When the anterograde approach is not feasible, the retrograde approach remains the only strategy.
Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis by Supported Molybdenum Nitride: Insight into the Support Effect
Authors: Sfeir Amanda , Teles Camila A. , Vezin Hervé , Marinova Maya , Dacquin Jean‐Philippe , Laassiri Said , Royer Sébastien
Published: October 2024

The influence of the support on the performance of Mo nitrides has been investigated in ammonia synthesis and decomposition. A series of Mo–N catalysts supported on different materials, namely SiO2 (commercial, SBA‐15), Al2O3, and CeO2, were prepared. The results indicated that, despite the high dispersion of Mo species in all catalysts, large disparities in the activity for ammonia synthesis exist. Initial rates of ∼1208, ∼481, and ∼372 µmol gactive phase−1 h−1 are obtained over 10‐Mo–N/SBA‐15, 10‐Mo–N/SiO2, and 10‐Mo–N/Al2O3 respectively. However, no catalytic activity was registered when Mo species were supported on CeO2. Furthermore, 10‐Mo–N/Al2O3 deactivated after few hours of reaction. The surface composition was studied by means of XPS to probe the origin of the catalytic activity differences, and the results indicated that a range of various oxidation states of Mo was detected depending on the support. The difference in catalytic behavior could not be solely explained by the differences in Mo–N species concentrations. In situ EPR analysis exhibited that the mechanism of MoO3 nitridation could differ depending on the support, leading to the formation of different Mo–N species. The effect of support was, however, not as severe in ammonia decomposition as it was the case of ammonia synthesis.
Focus on Physico‐Chemical Properties of Sulfoximines: Acidity, Basicity and Lipophilicity
Authors: Anselmi Elsa , Montigny Bénédicte , Lõkov Märt , Kesküla Carmen , Soosaar Jan Erik , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Billard Thierry , Magnier Emmanuel , Leito Ivo
Published: October 2024

Despite the numerous published syntheses and applications of sulfoximines, very few studies describe their physico‐chemical properties and in particular their acidic, basic and lipophilic or hydrophilic characters. We report for the first time the acidity values (pKa) of fluorinated sulfoximines in water and in acetonitrile, as well as the basicity (pKaH) measurements of fluorinated and non‐fluorinated sulfoximines in acetonitrile. The same sulfoximine library was also studied in terms of lipophilicity with measurement of the Hansch parameters of the sulfoximine moieties. Finally, these new data allowed us to optimize the N‐alkylation reaction of fluorinated sulfoximines.
A New Platform Molecule from Gluconolactone? Access to Furanics, Rare Sugars, β‐Ketoamides and Amino Furanones
Authors: Jurys Arminas , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: October 2024

Gluconolactone serves as a readily available and inexpensive starting material for synthesizing the potential platform chemical (Z)‐3‐deoxy‐1,2 : 5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐erythro‐hex‐3‐enolactone in two steps. In this work, the selective elimination of triacetone gluconolactone was optimized. The resulting product is a versatile molecule, capable of being transformed into various compound classes in one or a few steps, i. e. potentially a new biomass‐based platform chemical. This study demonstrates how it can be transformed into furanics, rare sugars, β‐ketoamides, and amino furanones.
Redox Cycling with Tellurium. Si−H Bond Activation by a Lewis Superacidic Tellurenyl Cation
Authors: Hejda Martin , Hupf Emanuel , Růžička Aleš , Dostál Libor , Beckmann Jens
Published: October 2024

The C,N‐chelated aryltellurenyl triflate [2‐(tBuNCH)C6H4Te][OTf] (1) activates the Si−H bonds in the tertiary silanes R3SiH via umpolung of H− to H+ to give rise to the iminium salts (tBuN(H)CH)C6H4TeSiR3][OTf] (2R, R=Et, Ph (elusive) and R=Si(CH3)3 isolated; OTf=O3SCF3) comprising Te−Si bonds, which are capable of generating silyl triflates, R3SiOTf, under attack of a second equivalent of 1. The unprecedented Si−H activation was utilized in main group redox catalysis using p‐quinones, which were converted into (silylated) hydroquinones.
Photo‐Triggered ROS‐Responsive Supramolecular Nanoprodrugs for Targeted and Synergistic Chemo/Photodynamic/Gas Therapy
Authors: Shi Jingtao , Ma Ke , Yang Yibo , Pei Yuxin , Pei Zhichao
Published: October 2024

Photo‐triggered ROS‐responsive supramolecular nanoprodrugs (BNN6@GBTC NPs) are constructed via supramolecular self‐assembly of amphiphilic prodrug molecule (GBTC) and NO donor (BNN6). BNN6@GBTC NPs possess good stability, ROS responsiveness, and selective HepG2 cells targetability via overexpressed galactose receptors on the cell membrane. When BNN6@GBTC NPs are taken up by HepG2 cells, they can generate ROS upon light irradiation, which can not only be used for photodynamic therapy, but also cleave the thioketal linkage to release camptothecin for chemotherapy. Meanwhile, BNN6 triggering release NO for gas therapy. BNN6@GBTC NPs enable targeted and synergistic chemo/photodynamic/gas therapy, which results in reduced damage to normal cells and enhanced anti‐cancer efficacy in vitro. This work provides a novel approach for the design of nanoprodrugs based on supramolecular self‐assembly to achieve the multimodal synergistic anti‐cancer therapy.
Na Ions Doped Fe2VO4 Cathode for High Performance Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yin‐Qiang , Lin Li , Hu Zhen‐Yu , Yu Yang , Zhang Yu , Liu Yu‐Hang , Wei Zhi‐Peng , Liu Wan‐Qiang , Tian Song‐Lin
Published: October 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries are thought to be a new generation of secondary batteries that will replace lithium‐ion batteries due to their great safety and inexpensive cost. In the cathode materials of aqueous zinc ion batteries with long life and high capacity, abundant active sites and crystal structure stability play an important role. In the present work, the strategy of Na+ intercalation of Fe2VO4 (FVO) is proposed, aiming at the insertion of Na+, which not only enriches the active sites, but also sodium and iron ions act as guest species with the negatively charged VOx lattice to provide strong electrostatic attraction to stabilize the lamellar structure. In terms of electrochemical performance, the discharge specific capacity is 370 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, and when the current density is arising 5 A g−1, the specific capacity also reaches 200 mAh g−1 after cycling 2000 with a capacity retention of 99 %, which is better than the electrochemical performance of Fe2VO4 (FVO) alone at 50 mAh g−1. The superior electrochemical performance proves that FVO−Na is an ideal cathode material for zinc ion batteries.
Benzofuroxans: A Possible +100 Years Old Misunderstanding?
Authors: Galkina Irina V. , Bakhtiyarov Dmitriy I. , Romanov Semen R. , Usupova Luiza M. , Bakhtiyarova Yulia V. , Fan Haiyan , Benassi Enrico
Published: October 2024

Since 1912 benzofuroxans have been believed to exhibit a molecular structure characterised by the presence of two fused rings, i. e. a benzene ring and a pentatomic heterocycle containing a N−O−N fragment wherein one of the two N atoms is involved in a further N
O bond, namely benzo[1,2‐c]1,2,5‐oxadiazole N‐oxide. In this work, quantum chemical calculation results along with vibrational spectroscopic data raise fundamental questions about the electronic structure and the molecular topology of some 4,6‐dinitro‐derivatives of this class of compounds. An alternative interpretation is offered corroborated by the experimental vibrational and electronic spectra.
Membrane Separations in Biomass Processing
Authors: Mandalika Anurag S. , Runge Troy M. , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: October 2024

The development of integrated biorefineries and the greater utilization of biomass resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuel‐derived products require research emphasis not just on conversion strategies but also on improving separations associated with biorefining. A significant roadblock towards developing biorefineries is the lack of effective separation techniques evidenced by the relative deficiency of literature in this area. Additionally, high conversion yields may only be realized if effective separations generate feedstock of sufficient purity – this makes research into biomass conversion strategies all the more critical. In this review, the challenges associated with biomass separations are discussed, followed by an overview of the most appropriate separation strategies for processing biomass. One of the unit operations most appealing for biorefining, membrane separations (MS), is then considered along with a review of the recent literature utilizing this technique in biomass processing.