bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orders‐of‐Magnitude Reduction of the Contact Resistance in Short‐Channel Hot Embossed Organic Thin Film Transistors by Oxidative Treatment of Au‐Electrodes
Authors: Stadlober B. , Haas U. , Gold H. , Haase A. , Jakopic G. , Leising G. , Koch N. , Rentenberger S. , Zojer E.
Published: September 2007

In this study we report on the optimization of the contact resistance by surface treatment in short‐channel bottom‐contact OTFTs based on pentacene as semiconductor and SiO2 as gate dielectric. The devices have been fabricated by means of nanoimprint lithography with channel lengths in the range of 0.3 μm < L < 3.0 μm. In order to reduce the contact resistance the Au source‐ and drain‐contacts were subjected to a special UV/ozone treatment, which induced the formation of a thin AuOx layer. It turned out, that the treatment is very effective (i) in decreasing the hole‐injection barrier between Au and pentacene and (ii) in improving the morphology of pentacene on top of the Au contacts and thus reducing the access resistance of carriers to the channel. Contact resistance values as low as 80 Ω cm were achieved for gate voltages well above the threshold. In devices with untreated contacts, the charge carrier mobility shows a power‐law dependence on the channel length, which is closely related to the contact resistance and to the grain‐size of the pentacene crystallites. Devices with UV/ozone treated contacts of very low resistance, however, exhibit a charge carrier mobility in the range of 0.3 cm2 V–1 s–1 < μ < 0.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 independent of the channel length.
Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Ionic Liquid‐Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles: Selective Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Abu‐Reziq Raed , Wang Dashan , Post Michael , Alper Howard
Published: September 2007

A method for supporting platinum nanoparticles on magnetite nanoparticles is described. The method requires modification of the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles with ionic liquid groups. Before modification, the magnetic nanoparticles are not stable and easily aggregate and, after modification, the magnetite nanoparticles become highly stable and soluble in polar or non‐polar organic solvents depending on the alkyl group of the linked ionic liquids. The supporting of platinum nanoparticles on the modified magnetic nanoparticles was achieved by adsorbing platinum salts (K2PtCl4) on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles via ion exchange with the linked ionic liquid groups and then reducing them by hydrazine. The supported platinum nanoparticles were applied in the catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes in which cis‐alkenes were selectively produced, and in the hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes where the allyl alcohols were obtained as the exclusive products. The new catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixtures by applying an external magnetic field and recycled.
Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a turbulent buoyant bubbly shear layer
Authors: Ayed H. , Chahed J. , Roig V.
Published: September 2007

Experimental analysis and numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a turbulent oxygen–water bubbly shear layer is presented. The experimental data presents the structure of the averaged and fluctuating velocity fields as well as those of the gas volumetric fraction and the local dissolved oxygen concentration. Numerical simulations have been performed using Euler–Euler two‐fluid model that provides some specific modeling adapted for gas–liquid bubbly flows and allows a reasonable representation of the two‐phase flow structure (fields of average velocities and volumetric fractions of the two phases) as well as the important modulation of the turbulence in the two‐phase flow. With the improvements of two‐phase flow prediction, the averaged oxygen concentration field is also well predicted. The analysis of these results supports the pertinence of some improvements in two‐phase flow modeling and allows some proposals for further progress in the development of more general multiphase models for complex gas–liquid systems. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Enhanced vascular responses to hypocapnia in neurally mediated syncope
Authors: Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy Jane , Kaufmann Horacio , Hainsworth Roger
Published: September 2007

Objective

The susceptibility to suffer neurally mediated syncope and loss of consciousness varies markedly. In addition to vasodilatation and bradycardia, hyperventilation precedes loss of consciousness. The resultant hypocapnia causes cerebral vasoconstriction and peripheral vasodilatation. We postulate that more pronounced cerebral and peripheral vascular responses to reductions in arterial CO2 levels underlie greater susceptibility to neurally mediated syncope.

Methods

We compared vascular responses to CO2 among 31 patients with histories of recurrent neurally mediated syncope and low orthostatic tolerance and 14 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects with no history of syncope and normal orthostatic tolerance. Vascular responses to CO2 were calculated after all subjects had fully recovered and their blood pressures and heart rates were stable. We measured blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler) and in the left brachial artery (brachial Doppler), and end‐tidal CO2 during voluntary hyperventilation and hypoventilation (end‐tidal CO2 from 21–45mm Hg), and determined the slopes of the relations.

Results

Hypocapnia produced a significantly greater reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity and in forearm vascular resistance in patients with neurally mediated syncope than in control subjects. Opposite changes occurred in response to hypercapnia. In all subjects, the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and forearm vasodilatation were inversely related with orthostatic tolerance.

Interpretation

Susceptibility to neurally mediated syncope can be explained, at least in part, by enhanced cerebral vasoconstriction and peripheral vasodilatation in response to hypocapnia. This may have therapeutic implications. Ann Neurol 2007
Hydroxyalkylation of barbituric acid. II. Synthesis of polyetherols with pyrimidine ring
Authors: Ślączka Anna , Lubczak Jacek
Published: September 2007

The route of synthesis of new polyetherols with pyrimidine ring from barbituric acid (BA) was presented. The polyetherols were obtained in two steps: synthesis of hydroxymethyl derivative of BA followed by reaction of the latter with neat ethylene or propylene oxides. Physical properties of the products and preliminary application for fabrication of thermal stability polyurethane foams were determined. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
High resolutionq‐space imaging studies of water in elastin
Authors: Boutis Gregory , Renner Christopher , Isahkarov Tamara , Islam Tasneem , Kannangara Lahiru , Kaur Pavitarjit , Mananga Eugene , Ntekim Atim , Rumala Yisa , Wei Doug
Published: September 2007

We report on the direct measurement of the molecular diffusion coefficients of water confined to purified bovine nuchal ligament elastin by high resolutionq‐space NMR imaging. The experimental data indicate that water trapped within an elastin fiber has two distinguishable molecular diffusion coefficients. The component with the slowest mobility has a diffusion coefficient on the order of 10−6cm2/s that varies inversely with the diffusion time and is seen to reduce near 37°C. The component with higher mobility has a diffusion coefficient reminiscent of free water but is observed to also behave similarly at 37°C. From our experimental data we extract the surface‐to‐volume ratio of pores within elastin and associated changes as a function of temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 352–359, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Using “ethics labs” to set a framework for ethical discussion in an undergraduate science course
Authors: Smith Kelly , Wueste Daniel , Frugoli Julia
Published: September 2007

Teaching ethics across the curriculum is a strategy adopted by many universities. One of the fundamental aims of teaching ethics across the curriculum is to get students to see ethics as truly relevant to the subjects they are studying. Ideally, students will come to see that ethics is a thread woven deeply in the fabric of all knowledge and practice. The standard approach, in which students are required to take a separate ethics course, is not especially well suited to this task, but incorporating ethics into science courses presents significant challenges and is likely to meet with resistance, if only because professors in the sciences are often untrained in the teaching of ethics. In an effort to raise the standard of science education as well as comply with a university‐wide curricular mandate, we as a team developed the concept of an “ethics lab.” We discuss the design of the exercises done during laboratory sections, the training of the graduate students who run the exercises, and the iterations of the exercises over time. We report unanticipated rapid positive outcomes of an attempt to integrate ethics education into a sophomore/junior level science course, Introduction to Genetics.
Image‐based modeling of 3D objects with curved surfaces
Authors: Lee Man Hee , Park In Kyu
Published: September 2007

This paper addresses an image‐based method for modeling 3D objects with curved surfaces based on the non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) representation. The user fits the feature curves on a few calibrated images with 2D NURBS curves using the interactive user interface. Then, 3D NURBS curves are constructed by stereo reconstruction of the corresponding feature curves. Using these as building blocks, NURBS surfaces are reconstructed by the known surface building methods including bilinear surfaces, ruled surfaces, generalized cylinders, and surfaces of revolution. In addition to them, we also employ various advanced techniques, including skinned surfaces, swept surfaces, and boundary patches. Based on these surface modeling techniques, it is possible to build various types of 3D shape models with textured curved surfaces without much effort. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of the New Phosphate RbMnPO4.
Authors: Ben Yahia H. , Gaudin E. , Darriet J.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Crystal Structure of Ce16Ru8In37.
Authors: Murashova E. V. , Kurenbaeva Zh. M. , Tursina A. I. , Noel H. , Rogl P. , Grytsiv A. V. , Gribanov A. V. , Giester G. , Seropegin Yu. D.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reversible Bromide—Chloride Exchange in Zirconium Cluster Compounds: Synthesis by Means of Ionic Liquids, Structures, and Some Spectral Data of (EMlm)4[(Zr6Z)Br18] Cluster Phases (Z = Be, Fe).
Authors: Willems Johannes B. , Rohm Henning W. , Geers Christine , Koeckerling Martin
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The New Ternary Silicides Ln6Co1.67Si3 (Ln: Ce, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy) Investigated by X‐Ray Diffraction and Magnetization Measurements.
Authors: Chevalier B. , Gaudin E. , Weill F.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Ester Acceptors: Organoaluminums Catalyze Nucleophilic Addition of Ketene Silyl Acetals.
Authors: Iwata Shin , Hamura Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Takashi , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Neighboring Group Effect of Oxime Functions in the Dehydrogenation of 2‐Phenylpiperidine Derivatives.
Authors: Moehrle Hans , Gehlen Michael
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Transformation of Benzylic Amines to Carbonyls Using Polyacrylamide‐Bound Tungstate under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Suzuki Yachiyo , Takahashi Hideyo , Ikegami Shiro
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Substitution Reactions of Acylal with Organomanganese Reagents.
Authors: Deshmukh Madhukar B. , Jadhav Sunil D. , Kadam Shashikant V.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Magnesium‐Barbier Reaction for γ‐Selective Alkyl—Allyl Coupling.
Authors: Erdik Ender , Kocoglu Melike
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Electrophilic Cyclopropanation of Vinyl Allenes.
Authors: Lemiere Gilles , Gandon Vincent , Cariou Kevin , Fukuyama Takahide , Dhimane Anne‐Lise , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Protected Amines by the Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Hydrazoic Acid to Ketenes.
Authors: Dai Xing , Nakai Takashi , Romero Jan A. C. , Fu Gregory C.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tagged Phosphine Reagents to Assist Reaction Work‐Up by Phase‐Switched Scavenging Using a Modular Flow Reactor.
Authors: Smith Christopher D. , Baxendale Ian R. , Tranmer Geoffrey K. , Baumann Marcus , Smith Stephen C. , Lewthwaite Russell A. , Ley Steven V.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magnesiation of Electron‐Rich Aryl Bromides and Their Use in Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Lau Stephen Y. W. , Hughes Greg , O'Shea Paul D. , Davies Ian W.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition—Enantioselective Protonation: The Synthesis of α,α′‐Dibenzyl Esters.
Authors: Frost Christopher G. , Penrose Stephen D. , Lambshead Kim , Raithby Paul R. , Warren John E. , Gleave Robert
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metallation Reactions. Part 36. A Study on the Metalation of (Methylthio)‐ and (Methylsulfonyl)thiophenes.
Authors: Fattuoni Claudia , Usai Michele , Cabiddu Maria G. , Cadoni Enzo , De Montis Stefania , Sotgiu Francesca , Cabiddu Salvatore
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Method for Efficient Coupling of Indole and Epoxide Catalyzed with Yb(O‐Tf)3, and Application to the Total Synthesis of Kurasoin B.
Authors: Tsuchiya Satoshi , Sunazuka Toshiaki , Shirahata Tatsuya , Hirose Tomoyasu , Kaji Eisuke , Omura Satoshi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Amir Mohd , Javed S. A. , Kumar Harish
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of 3‐Bromoflavones (V) via Bromination of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐arylpropane‐1,3‐dione (IV) by CuBr2, and Conversion into 3‐Aminoflavones.
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Nishino Shouko , Nishimura Akinori , Sasaki Mitsuru
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives via Ugi Reactions.
Authors: Schuster Ildiko , Sztojkov‐Ivanov Anita , Lazar Laszlo , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some 2‐Oxo‐ and 2‐Thioxo‐Substituted Pyrimidines Using Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Forughifar Naser , Safari Jila Alipour , Amini Ehsan.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of Substituent Structure on Pyrimidine Electrophilic Substitution.
Authors: van der Westhuyzen Christiaan W. , Rousseau Amanda L. , Parkinson Christopher J.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereodifferentiating [4 + 2]‐Photocycloaddition of Tegafur with Naphthalene.
Authors: Ohkura Kazue , Sugaoi Tatsuyuki , Takahashi Masayuki , Seki Koh‐ichi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Novel Fused Oxo‐ and Thiopyrimidines via an Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction.
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Foroughifar Naser , Javidan Abdollah , Amini Ehsan
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Parallel Synthesis of a Novel C2‐Aryl Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) Library.
Authors: Antonow Dyeison , Cooper Nectaroula , Howard Philip W. , Thurston David E.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Parviflorene J, a Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Dimer with a New Rearranged Skeleton from Curcuma parviflora.
Authors: Tamaki Mayu , Sadhu Samir Kumar , Ohtsuki Takashi , Toume Kazufumi , Koyano Takashi , Kowithayakorn Thaworn , Hayashi Masahiko , Komiyama Kanki , Ishibashi Masami
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First O‐Glycosylation of Hydroxamic Acids.
Authors: Thomas Mickael , Gesson Jean‐Pierre , Papot Sebastien
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (‐)‐Galanthamine.
Authors: Satcharoen Vachiraporn , McLean Neville J. , Kemp Stephen C. , Camp Nicholas P. , Brown Richard C. D.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Synthesis of Butylcycloheptylprodigiosin.
Authors: Reeves Jonathan T.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Piericidins C7 and C8, New Cytotoxic Antibiotics Produced by a Marine Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Hayakawa Yoichi , Shirasaki Shingo , Shiba Sayaka , Kawasaki Takashi , Matsuo Yoshihide , Adachi Kyoko , Shizuri Yoshikazu
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Mannich‐Like Reactions of Ester Enolates Generated on Sugar Templates: A Novel Access to a Key Intermediate for 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Synthesis.
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Sawamoto Daisuke , Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi , Okue Masayuki , Ajito Keiichi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Hydrogel Formed by Glucoheptonamide of L‐Lysine: Simple Preparation and Excellent Hydrogelation Ability.
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Owa Sanae , Shirai Hirofusa , Hanabusa Kenji
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembly of Carbazole‐Containing Gelators: Alignment of the Chromophore in Fibrous Aggregates.
Authors: Yabuuchi Kazuhiro , Tochigi Yusuke , Mizoshita Norihiro , Hanabusa Kenji , Kato Takashi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Organogels of the Sodium Salt of (R)‐12‐Hydroxystearic Acid and Their Templated Syntheses of Inorganic Oxides.
Authors: Huang Xiao , Weiss Richard G.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Composites of N,N′‐Bis‐(pyridyl) Urea‐Dicarboxylic Acid as New Hydrogelators — A Crystal Engineering Approach.
Authors: Adarsh N. N. , Kumar D. Krishna , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploring Molecular Recognition Pathways within a Family of Gelators with Different Hydrogen Bonding Motifs.
Authors: Hardy John G. , Hirst Andrew R. , Ashworth Ian , Brennan Colin , Smith David K.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Gelation Property due to Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in a New Series of Bis(amino Acid)‐Functionalized Pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide Organogelators.
Authors: Chow Hak‐Fun , Wang Guo‐Xin
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultrasound‐Induced Formation of Organogel from a Glutamic Dendron.
Authors: Li Yuangang , Wang Tianyu , Liu Minghua
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold in a Metallic Divided State — From Faraday to Present‐Day Nanoscience
Authors: Edwards Peter P. , Thomas John Meurig
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ILGAR (Ion Layer Gas Reaction) — A Versatile Low‐Cost Method for the Deposition of High Quality Thin Semiconductor and Insulator Layers
Authors: Fischer Ch.‐H. , Allsop N. , Baer M. , Muffler H.‐J. , Lux‐Steiner M. C.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Enantioselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction and Its Aza Counterpart
Authors: Masson Geraldine , Housseman Christopher , Zhu Jieping
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pattern Recognition in Retrosynthetic Analysis: Snapshots in Total Synthesis.
Authors: Wilson Rebecca M. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fascinating Organosulfur Functionalities: Polychalcogens as Diatomic Sulfur Sources
Authors: Zysman‐Colman Eli , Harpp David N.
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silyl Thioacetals: Versatile Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Schaumann Ernst
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Development of Small Molecular Specific Inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: Lee Seokjoon , Wang Qian
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Malaria Chemotherapeutics. Part 1. History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development
Authors: Schlitzer Martin
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Oestreich Martin
Published: September 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and its Potential Proarrhythmic Effect
Authors: Basu Ray Indranill , Fendelander Lahn , Singh Jagmeet P.
Published: September 2007

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become an established adjunctive treatment to optimal pharmacologic therapy in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (CHF), diminished left ventricular (LV) function and intraventricular conduction delay. Although CRT has been shown to improve ventricular hemodynamics, quality of life and exercise capacity, there is some evidence that it may rarely potentiate ventricular arrhythmias. As CRT is considered for an expanded population of CHF patients, and left‐sided pacing is considered as an option for pacemaker‐indicated patients (potentially without defibrillator backup), the effect of these pacing modalities on the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia must be systematically studied and mechanistically understood. Strategies to prospectively predict the proarrhythmic potential of LV epicardial pacing need to be developed, and therapy accordingly individualized. This review attempts to summarize the current information on proarrhythmia in resynchronization therapy. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Women: An Update
Authors: Wenger Nanette K.
Published: September 2007

Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Evidence‐based guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) offer clinicians recommendations for preventing CHD in women delineating particular lifestyle, risk factor, and pharmacologic interventions. Cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, inappropriate diet, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome contribute to the risk of CHD in women, as in men. Lifestyle interventions substantially reduce that risk. Many women, however, require pharmacotherapy to control hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes to levels required for decreasing risk. New findings from clinical trials featuring women may enhance their CHD risk prediction and treatment. However, high coronary risk in many women continues to be underrecognized, and women remain undertreated with statins and other therapeutic agents. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Giancarlo Rastelli: The Scientist, the Man
Authors: Squarcia Umberto , Squarcia Antonella
Published: September 2007

Doctor Giancarlo Rastelli graduated from the University of Parma, Italy (cum laude) in July 1957, and in 1961, moved to the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York.

The name of Dr. Rastelli is recognized worldwide for the classification of the atrioventricular (AV) canal and for the procedure relating to the anatomical repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis (PS). The most extraordinary aspect of his successful research work was that it was mostly done during the five years when Dr. Rastelli was fighting against his fatal illness. He died at the age of 36 years. Dr. Rastelli's fame as a scientist now belongs to the history of medicine. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AKT/NF‐κB inhibitor xanthohumol targets cell growth and angiogenesis in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Dell'Eva Raffaella , Ambrosini Claudia , Vannini Nicola , Piaggio Giovanna , Albini Adriana , Ferrari Nicoletta
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND.

Leukemias are dependent on Akt/NF‐κB activation and angiogenesis.

METHODS.

The antiangiogenic Akt/NF‐κB inhibitor xanthohumol (XN) has in vitro activity against acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines (AML, CML) and fresh samples from patients were investigated.

RESULTS.

Inhibition of cell proliferation is associated with induction of apoptosis and reduced VEGF secretion. Decreased cell invasion, metalloprotease production, and adhesion to endothelial cells observed in the presence of XN could prevent in vivo life‐threatening complications of leukostasis and tissue infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS.

As endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells are mutually correlated in their development and growth, targeting both tumor cells and endothelial cells with agents possessing cytotoxic and antiangiogenic activities may lead to synergistic antitumor effects interrupting a reciprocal stimulatory loop between leukemia and endothelial cells. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Weekly docetaxel versus docetaxel/gemcitabine in the treatment of elderly or poor performance status patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Spigel David R. , Farley Cindy , Shipley Dianna L. , Bearden James D. , Gandhi Jitendra , Ann Houston Gerry , Anthony Greco F.
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of single‐agent weekly docetaxel with the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine in elderly and/or poor performance status patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS.

Previously untreated patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC who were either >65 years old or had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 2 were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive weekly docetaxel (36 mg/m2) Days 1, 8, and 15 or docetaxel (30 mg/m2)/gemcitabine (800 mg/m2) Days 1, 8, and 15. Both regimens were repeated on 28‐day cycles for 6 cycles or until disease progression.

RESULTS.

Three hundred fifty patients were randomized, and 345 received treatment. The median age of patients was 74 years; 38% were >75 years old, and 35% had ECOG performance status 2. Intent‐to‐treat analysis showed median survivals of 5.5 months versus 5.1 months in the groups receiving docetaxel/gemcitabine versus weekly docetaxel, respectively (P = .65). There were no survival differences detected with docetaxel/gemcitabine versus weekly docetaxel in the 223 patients with good performance status (7.2 months vs 8.0 months, respectively) or in the 122 poor performance status patients (3.8 months vs 2.9 months, respectively). Median time‐to‐progression was longer in patients who received docetaxel/gemcitabine (4.8 months vs 2.9 months; P = .004). Both regimens were generally well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS.

Treatment with docetaxel/gemcitabine produced a modest improvement in time‐to‐progression but had no impact on survival when compared with single‐agent weekly docetaxel in this group of patients. Results with both regimens were disappointing, particularly in patients with poor performance status. Improved treatment for these patients will require the introduction of novel, well‐tolerated, targeted agents. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Growth and characterization of magneto‐optical YFeO3 crystals
Authors: Shen Hui , Xu Jiayue , Wu Anhua , Yu Jinxing , Liu Yan , Luo Liqing
Published: September 2007

The floating zone growth of magneto‐optical crystal YFeO3 has been investigated. The polycrystalline feed rod was prepared by a pressure of 250MPa and sintering at about 1500°C. A crack‐ free YFeO3 single crystal has been successfully grown. The crystal preferred to crystallize along <100> direction with about 10° deviation. The X‐ray rocking curve of the crystal has a FWHM of 24 arcsec, confirming the high crystal quality of the sample. The (100) plane was etched by hot phosphoric acid and the dislocation density was about 104/cm2. A thin outer layer with Y2O3‐rich composition was found at the periphery of as‐grown crystals, which was attributed to the Fe2O3 evaporation during growth. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The sexually dimorphic expression of L7/SPA, an estrogen receptor coactivator, in zebra finch telencephalon
Authors: Duncan Kelli A. , Carruth Laura L.
Published: September 2007

Sex differences in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain are robust and include differences in morphology (song control nuclei in males are significantly larger) and behavior (only males sing courtship songs). In zebra finches, hormonal manipulations during development fail to reverse sex differences in song nuclei size and suggest that the classical model of sexual differentiation is incomplete for birds. Coactivators act to initiate transcriptional activity of steroid receptors, and may help explain why hormonal manipulations alone are not sufficient to demasculinize the male zebra finch brain. The present study investigated the expression and localization of L7/SPA (an estrogen receptor coactivator) mRNA and protein expression across the development of zebra finch song nuclei from males and females collected on P1 (song nuclei not yet formed), P10 (posthatch day 10, song nuclei formed), P30 (30 days posthatch, sexually immature but song nuclei formed and birds learning to sing), and adult birds (older than 65 days and sexually mature). Northern blot analysis showed a significant sex difference in P1 and adult L7/SPA mRNA expression while Western blot analysis also showed enhanced expression in the male brain at all age points. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that L7/SPA mRNA and protein were located in the song nuclei as well as expressed globally. Elevated coactivator expression may be a possible mechanism controlling the development of male song control nuclei, and coactivators such as L7/SPA may be important regulators of the masculinizing effects of estradiol on brain sexual differentiation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Temporal and spatial regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in late lung development
Authors: Alejandre‐Alcázar Miguel A. , Shalamanov Petar D. , Amarie Oana V. , Sevilla‐Pérez Julia , Seeger Werner , Eickelberg Oliver , Morty Rory E.
Published: September 2007

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in early lung development. No study to date has addressed a role for BMP signaling in late lung development. We describe changes in the expression and localization of BMP receptors (Bmpr1a, Bmpr1b, and Bmpr2) and Smad (Smad1, Smad4, Smad5, and Smad8) intracellular signaling proteins during the saccular and alveolarization stages of late lung development. BMP signaling, assessed by Smad1/5 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and induction of id1, id2, and id3 gene expression, was evident throughout late lung development. Our data indicate that BMP signaling is active during late lung development, and points to roles for the BMP system in septal and vascular development, and in the homeostasis of the epithelial layer of large conducting airways in the mature lung. Developmental Dynamics 236:2825–2835, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleolar colocalization of TAF1 and testis‐specific TAFs during Drosophila spermatogenesis
Authors: Metcalf Chad E. , Wassarman David A.
Published: September 2007

In Drosophila, testis‐specific TBP‐associated factors (tTAFs) predominantly localize to spermatocyte nucleoli and regulate the transcription of genes necessary for spermatocyte entry into meiosis. tTAFs are paralogs of generally expressed TAF subunits of transcription factor IID (TFIID). Our recent observation that the generally expressed TAF1 isoform TAF1‐2 is greatly enriched in testes prompted us to explore the functional relationship between general TAFs and tTAFs during spermatogenesis. Analysis by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that among the general TFIID subunits examined (TATA‐box binding protein [TBP], TAF1, TAF4, TAF5, and TAF9), only TAF1 colocalized with the tTAF Mia in spermatocyte nucleoli. Nucleolar localization of TAF1, but not Mia, was disrupted in tTAF mutant flies, and TAF1 dissociated from DNA prior to Mia as spermatocytes entered meiosis. Taken together, our results suggest stepwise assembly of a testis‐specific TFIID complex (tTFIID) whereby a TAF1 isoform, presumably TAF1‐2, is recruited to a core subassembly of tTAFs in spermatocyte nucleoli. Developmental Dynamics 236:2836–2843, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TFII‐I gene family during tooth development: Candidate genes for tooth anomalies in Williams syndrome
Authors: Ohazama Atsushi , Sharpe Paul T.
Published: September 2007

Williams syndrome is a rare congenital disorder involving the cardiovascular system, mental retardation, distinctive facial features, and tooth anomalies. It is caused by the heterozygous deletion of ∼1.6 Mb encompassing 28 genes on human chromosome 7q11.23. It has been suggested that the genes responsible for craniofacial anomalies are located in the telomeric end region, which harbors three members of the TFII‐I gene family (Tassabehji et al. [2005] Science 310:1184). To recognize potential candidate genes for the tooth anomalies in Williams syndrome, we carried out comparative in situ hybridization analysis of members of TFII‐I gene family during murine odontogenesis. Gtf2i showed widespread expression in the developing head but was higher in the developing teeth than surrounding tissues throughout tooth development. At the bud stage, Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2ird2 were expressed in the epithelial buds. At the early bell stage, expression of Gtf2ird1 and Gtf2ird2 was observed in preameloblasts and preodontoblasts. Developmental Dynamics 236:2884–2888, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conservation of IL‐6 trans‐signaling mechanisms controlling L‐selectin adhesion by fever‐range thermal stress
Authors: Appenheimer Michelle M. , Girard Rachael A. , Chen Qing , Wang Wan‐Chao , Bankert Katherine C. , Hardison Joy , Bain Mark D. , Ridgley Frank , Sarcione Edward J. , Buitrago Sandra , Kothlow Sonja , Kaspers Bernd , Robert Jacques , Rose‐John Stefan , Baumann Heinz , Evans Sharon S.
Published: September 2007

Fever is associated with improved survival during infection in endothermic and ectothermic species although the protective mechanisms are largely undefined. Previous studies indicate that fever‐range thermal stress increases the binding activity of the L‐selectin homing receptor in human or mouse leukocytes, thereby promoting trafficking to lymphoid tissues across high endothelial venules (HEV). Here, we examined the evolutionary conservation of thermal regulation of L‐selectin‐like adhesion. Leukocytes from animals representing four taxa of vertebrates (mammals, avians, amphibians, teleosts) were shown to mediate L‐selectin‐like adhesion under shear to MECA‐79‐reactive ligands on mouse HEV in cross‐species in vitro adherence assays. L‐selectin‐like binding activity was markedly increased by fever‐range thermal stress in leukocytes of all species examined. Comparable increases in L‐selectin‐like adhesion were induced by thermal stress, IL‐6, or the IL‐6/soluble IL‐6 receptor fusion protein, hyper‐IL‐6. Analysis of the molecular basis of thermal regulation of L‐selectin‐like adhesion identified a common IL‐6 trans‐signaling mechanism in endotherms and ectotherms that resulted in activation of JAK/STAT signaling and was inhibited by IL‐6 neutralizing antibodies or recombinant soluble gp130. Conservation of IL‐6‐dependent mechanisms controlling L‐selectin adhesion over hundreds of millions of years of vertebrate evolution strongly suggests that this is a beneficial focal point regulating immune surveillance during febrile inflammatory responses.
The survey questionnaire
Authors: Ritter Lois A. , Sue Valerie M.
Published: September 2007

In this chapter, we describe development of the online survey questionnaire, including organization, layout, formatting, and response formats.
Frequent occurrence of deletions in primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kimm Lindsey R. , deLeeuw Ronald J. , Savage Kerry J. , Rosenwald Andreas , Campo Elias , Delabie Jan , Ott German , Muller‐Hermelink Hans‐Konrad , Jaffe Elaine S. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Chan Wing C. , Staudt Louis M. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Lam Wan L.
Published: September 2007

Primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a distinct subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. PMBCL has been previously studied with a variety of genomic techniques resulting in frequent detection of chromosomal gains; however, chromosomal losses have been rarely reported. This finding contrasts many other types of lymphoma, in which deletions are common. We hypothesize that segmental losses do exist but may have escaped detection by methods used in the previous studies. Using array comparative genomic hybridization to a tiling‐resolution microarray encompassing the entire human genome, PMBCL samples were analyzed for genomic copy number alterations. An almost equal number of gains and losses of chromosomal material were detected throughout the genome (216 vs. 193, respectively). A selection of these DNA copy number alterations were confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR. Recurrent gains were detected at all previously reported regions of gain, including 9p seen in ∼70% of cases. Recurrent chromosomal losses were observed at 1p, 3p, 4q, 6q, 7p, and 17p, with a novel event at 1p13.1–p13.2 representing the most frequent at 42% of cases analyzed. We conclude that consistent losses are present in the PMBCL genome. Given the similar frequency of losses to that of segmental gains of DNA, they are likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PMBCL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ArrayCGH‐based classification of neuroblastoma into genomic subgroups
Authors: Michels Evi , Vandesompele Jo , De Preter Katleen , Hoebeeck Jasmien , Vermeulen Joëlle , Schramm Alexander , Molenaar Jan J. , Menten Björn , Marques Barbara , Stallings Raymond L. , Combaret Valérie , Devalck Christine , De Paepe Anne , Versteeg Rogier , Eggert Angelika , Laureys Geneviève , Van Roy Nadine , Speleman Frank
Published: September 2007

High‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) profiling was performed on 75 primary tumors and 29 cell lines to gain further insight into the genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma and to refine genomic subclassification. Using a novel data‐mining strategy, three major and two minor genomic subclasses were delineated. Eighty‐three percent of tumors could be assigned to the three major genomic subclasses, corresponding to the three known clinically and biologically relevant subsets in neuroblastoma. The remaining subclasses represented (1) tumors with no/few copy number alterations or an atypical pattern of aberrations and (2) tumors with 11q13 amplification. Inspection of individual arrayCGH profiles showed that recurrent genomic imbalances were not exclusively associated with a specific subclass. Of particular notice were tumors with numerical imbalances typically observed in subtype 1 neuroblastoma, in association with genomic features of subtype 2A or 2B. A search for prognostically relevant genomic alterations disclosed 1q gain as a predictive marker for therapy failure within the group of subtype 2A and 2B tumors. In cell lines, a high incidence of 6q loss was observed, with a 3.87–5.32 Mb region of common loss within 6q25.1–6q25.2. Our study clearly illustrates the importance of genomic profiling in relation to tumor behavior in neuroblastoma. We propose that genome‐wide assessment of copy number alterations should ideally be included in the genetic workup of neuroblastoma. Further multicentric studies on large tumor series are warranted in order to improve therapeutic stratification in conjunction with other features such as age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and gene expression signatures. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.