bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of key immune genes of endometriosis based on bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Yuan Ruiying , Gao Fumin , Li Xiaolong , Ou Xianghong
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Immunity and inflammation are involved in a multitude of reproductive metabolic processes, with a particular focus on endometriosis (EMT). The aim of this study is to employ bioinformatics methods to explore novel immune-related biomarkers and assess their predictive capabilities for EMT.
Methods
mRNA expression profiles were obtained from the GSE141549 and GSE7305 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, while immune-related genes were sourced from the ImmPort database. Immune genes associated with EMT were filtered for differential analysis. Interrelationships between different immune-related genes (DIRGs) were characterized using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were applied to the functionality of DIRGs. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operation (LASSO) regression models and Boruta models were built to determine candidate genes for EMT, and the performance of the prediction models and candidate genes were verified using Receiver Operator Characterization curve (ROC) in GSE141549 and GSE7305. Finally, we structured the EMT prediction normogram on the basis of the five candidate DIRGs. Expression of the five candidate DIRGs in human samples was examined using PCR and Western Blot. The relative proportions of 22 immune cells were computed using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlations between immune cells and candidate DIRGs were emphasized.
Results
Altogether 769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 94 DIRGs were detected between ectopic and normal endometrium. These DIRGs were mainly concentrated in positive regulation of response to external stimulus, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, receptor ligand activity and signaling receptor activator activity. KEGG enrichment analysis mainly addressed Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Then, five key genes (SCG2, FOS, DES, GREM1, and PLA2G2A) were characterized using the GSE141549 dataset and used to build a prediction model for EMT.
Conclusions
Immunity and inflammation have a major role in the elaboration of EMT. SCG2, FOS, DES, GREM1 and PLA2G2A can serve as important biomarkers for EMT.
Chinese Public's Discourse and Emotional Responses Regarding Japan's Nuclear Wastewater Discharge on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Data
Authors: Zhu Bingke , Su Ran , Hu Xinqi , Lin Hongwei , Chen Jingxin , Li Qifeng , Wang Xingyu
Published: November 2023

Background: The global discourse surrounding the Japanese government's decision to discharge nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the ocean has attracted substantial international attention and fervent debates, notably across various social media platforms. This study aims to systematically investigate and analyze the subjects of discourse as well as the emotional inclinations expressed by the public prior to and subsequent to Japan's official declaration regarding the release of nuclear wastewater into the ocean (spanning from April 1, 2021 to May 30, 2021).
Methods: Employing a Python-based web crawler, we extracted a database comprising 139364 Sina Weibo microblogs from April 2021 to May 2021 pertained to the incident of Japanese nuclear wastewater discharge. This study demonstrates how to combine human and natural language processing (NLP) machine analysis, using TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) improved latent Dirichlet assignment (LDA) topic modeling and dictionary-based unsupervised learning to analyze seven segmented emotions of netizens at different stages of public opinion development.
Results: Based on the public opinion life cycle theory, we find that the dynamics of netizens' public opinion about Japan's discharge of nuclear wastewater are divided into three stages: incubation period, outbreak period and recession period. The NLP method discovered six topic trend: political statement, government accusations/netizens discussions, nuclear pollution and environmental hazards, netizens expression of dissatisfaction, appeal for science popularization, netizens outcry over the drinkability of nuclear wastewater. The sentimental analysis revealed a notable prevalence of negative emotions among individuals in relation to the incident, with negativity constituting 65% and positivity representing 35% of the emotional spectrum. Subsequent to an emotional categorization, it was discerned that the sentiment of "Disappointed" exhibited the highest proportion.
Conclusion: This study conclusively demonstrates that the approach we use here is capable of effectively reducing large amounts of community feedback (e.g., blog posts, social media data) through NLP and ensuring contextualization and rich human interpretation. Further, detecting and assessing the interests and concerns of social media users in real time can help relevant administrative agencies adapt to genuine public concerns and enable timely response, guidance and oversight.
Analysis of natural variation of the stress-responsive gene OsSUI1 in rice
Authors: Xu Na , Qiu Mudan , Cao Dan , Yu Dong , Li Yixing , Li Li , Song Shufeng , Yuan Zheming
Published: November 2023

Rice is subjected to various abiotic environmental stress throughout its lifetime and it has formed a complex regulatory network that balances growth and development with stress response. A stress-responsive gene, OsSUI1, was previously mined from microarray data, and transgenic studies revealed that overexpression of this gene caused abnormal floral organ development. However, the role of the OsSUI1 gene in stress response and how it is regulated is unclear. In this study, we obtained the ossui1 mutant by gene editing, and it exhibited high sensitivity to cold, heat and salt treatments compared to wild-type plants. RNA-seq analysis revealed that many transcription factors related to abiotic stress showed significant changes of expression in the ossui1, indicating a critical function of OsSUI1 in the response to abiotic stresses. Through polymorphic analysis, we found that the OsSUI1 gene in some japonica rice encodes a truncated protein product due to a single base deletion in the coding region compared to the sequence in indica rice. The promoter of OsSUI1 exhibited considerable similarity in japonica rice, whereas those of indica rice displayed polymorphism, a 4542-bp transposable element insertion in some indica varieties, which did not, however, impact the expression of OsSUI1. The YFP-tagged OsSUI1 protein found in indica accumulated in the nucleus, whereas the truncated protein in japonica indicated signals in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. As an abiotic stress response gene, OsSUI1 has potential applications in rice breeding.
Study on the coupling characteristics of laser-TIG hybrid heat source with different offsets
Authors: Liu Liming , Yang Huanyu , Tao Xingkong , Cheng Zhigang
Published: November 2023

Based on the defects such as sidewall and interlayer unfusion in the welding process of titanium alloy thick plate, it is proposed to transverse offset between laser and arc to change the arc discharge position and energy distribution, which provides a theoretical basis for solving the welding defects of titanium alloy thick plate. In this study, the effect of transverse offset distance between laser and arc (TODLA) on the discharge characteristics of hybrid heat source coupling and the flow characteristics of molten pool was studied by using the welding method of plate surfacing. The dynamic behavior of the arc plasma, the molten pool and the keyhole was monitored in real time, and the plasma spectral information was collected to analyze its energy distribution characteristics. The results show that under different TODLA conditions, the charged plasma of the hybrid heat source has two different states: strong coupling state and separation state. When TODLA = 2 mm, the plasma at the center of the keyhole has the strongest spectral intensity, the lowest electron temperature and the highest electron density, which are 15174, 9546 K and 1.88×1017/cm3, respectively. At this time, the weld pool and keyhole have the maximum arc pressure and Marangoni force, resulting in an increase in the flow velocity of the weld pool and an increase in the area of the weld pool.
Chimerization of the Anti-Viral CD8+ T Cell Response with A Broad Anti-Tumor T Cell Response Reverses Inhibition of Checkpoint Blockade Therapy by Oncolytic Virotherapy
Authors: Vile Richard , Webb Mason , Vloten Jacob van , Evgin Laura , Sangsuwannukul Thanich , Kendall Benjamin , Tonne Jason , Thompson Jill , Metko Muriel , Moore Madelyn , Yerovi Maria Chiriboga , McNiven Mark , Monga Satdarshan , Borad Mitesh , Roberts Lewis
Published: November 2023

Although immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has produced profound survival benefits in a broad variety of tumors, a proportion of patients do not respond. Treatment failure is in part due to immune suppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), which is particularly true of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since oncolytic viruses (OV) can generate a highly immune-infiltrated, inflammatory TME, we developed a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-ß (VSV-IFNß) as a viro-immunotherapy against HCC. Since HCC standard of care atezolizumab/bevacizumab incorporates ICI, we tested the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory VSV-IFNß would recruit, prime, and activate anti-tumor T cells, whose activity anti-PD-L1 ICI would potentiate. However, in a partially anti-PD-L1-responsive model of HCC, addition of VSV-IFNß abolished anti-PD-L1 therapy. Cytometry by Time of Flight showed that VSV-IFNß expanded dominant anti-viral effector CD8 T cells with concomitant, relative disappearance of anti-tumor T cell populations which are the target of anti-PD-L1. However, by expressing a range of HCC tumor antigens within VSV, the potent anti-viral response became amalgamated with an anti-tumor T cell response generating highly significant cures compared to anti-PD-L1 ICI alone. Our data provide a cautionary message for the use of highly immunogenic viruses as tumor-specific immune-therapeutics by showing that dominant anti-viral T cell responses can inhibit sub-dominant anti-tumor T cell responses. However, by chimerizing anti-viral and anti-tumor T cell responses through encoding tumor antigens within the virus, oncolytic virotherapy can be purposed for very effective immune driven tumor clearance and can generate anti-tumor T cell populations upon which immune checkpoint blockade can effectively work.
Cross-Correlation Using a Complex Aperiodic FBG: A New Technique for Gas Detection
Authors: Rahme Matthew , Tuthill Peter , Betters Christopher , Large Maryanne , Leon-Saval Sergio
Published: November 2023

Optical cross-correlation is a technique that can achieve both high specificity and high sensitivity when deployed as the basis for a sensing technology. Offering significant gains in cost, size and complexity, it can also deliver significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios than traditional approaches such as absorption methodologies. In this paper, we present an optical cross-correlation technology constructed around a bespoke customised Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). Exploiting the remarkable flexibility in design enabled by multiple aperiodic Bragg gratings, optical filters are devised that exactly mimic the absorption features of a target gas species (for this paper, acetylene C2H2) over some waveband of interest. This grating forms the heart of the sensor architecture described here that employs modulated optical cross-correlation for gas detection. An experimental demonstration of this approach is presented, and shown to be capable of differentiating between different concentrations of the C2H2 target gas.Furthermore these measurements are shown to be robust against interloper species, with minimal impact on the detection signal-to-noise arising from the introduction of contaminant gases. This represents is a significant step toward the use of customised FBGs as low-cost, compact, and highly customisable photonic devices for deployment in gas detection.
The mediating role of social connectedness in the relationship between smartphone use and psychological adjustment problems in Turkish youth
Authors: Yildirim Murat , Gecer Ekmel , Bagci Hakkı
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the mediating role of social connectedness in the relationship between excessive smartphone use and psychological adjustment problems. 484 young adults (M = 27.04 ± 4.36 years and 72.1% females) participated in this study. Using an online survey, participants completed the Multidimensional Smartphone Use Scale, Social Connectedness Scale-Revised, and Brief Psychological Adjustment-6. The results showed that smartphone use had a significant predictive effect on social connectedness and psychological adjustment problems. Social connectedness had also a significant predictive impact on psychological adjustment problems. Further, social connectedness partially mediated the relationship between smartphone use and psychological adjustment problems. The findings are fruitful in terms of presenting evidence for tailoring prevention and intervention programs to mitigate the adverse consequences of smartphone use on psychological health.
Research on the pressure relief law of diamond beaded rope saw cutting seam: a numerical investigation
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Wang Xiaochuan , Ge Zhaolong , Wang Man , Wang Wei
Published: November 2023

As a new technology to mitigate the high outburst risk of the low permeability coal seam, it is essential to delve deeper into the law and mechanism of pressure relief associated with the diamond beaded rope saw slotting. The paper presents a numerical calculation model under small size that is based on the superimposed beam theory and the contact surface model. The model is compared with the experimental results of similar models in the laboratory to verify its applicability for simulating the numerical calculation of stress distribution in coal seam cut by diamond beaded rope saw. The study then goes on to investigate the influence of coal seam inclination, working face length, coal seam hardness, and seam advancing distance on the pressure relief effect of diamond beaded rope saw cutting seam under engineering scale. The mechanism of the diamond beaded rope saw cutting seam is also analyzed. The results indicate that the diamond beaded rope saw effectively reduces pressure in low permeability coal seams, with the impact range extending to the slit area. Additionally, stress concentration was observed at the front of the slit. Increasing the inclination of the coal seam, working face length, and advancing distance of the cutting seam enhances the pressure relief effect of the diamond beaded rope saw. The latter two factors’ influence is reflected in the parallel and advancing direction of the working face, respectively. Soft coal has been shown to respond better to this method than hard coal. This research is significant in promoting the widespread application of diamond beaded rope saws in the pressure relief of coal seam cutting.
Oscillatory Work and the Step that Generates Force in Single Myofibrils from Rabbit Psoas
Authors: Kawai Masataka , Iorga Bogdan
Published: November 2023

The elementary molecular step that generates force by cross-bridges (CBs) in an active muscle has been under intense investigation in the field of muscle biophysics. The question asked here is whether this step is before phosphate (Pi) release or after its release. It is known that an increase in the concentration of Pi ([Pi]) diminishes isometric force in Ca2+ activated fibers, indicating a tight coupling between the force-generating step and the Pi release step. We investigated the effect of Pi on oscillatory work production in single myofibrils and found that Pi-attached state(s) to CBs is essential for its production. Oscillatory work is the mechanism that allows an insect to fly by beating its wings, and it also has been observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers, implying that it is an essential feature of all skeletal muscle types. With our studies, oscillatory work disappears in the absence of Pi in experiments using myofibrils. This suggests that force is generated during a transition between steps of oscillatory work production and that the states involved in its production must have Pi attached. With sinusoidal analysis, we obtained the kinetic constants around the Pi release steps, established a CB scheme, and evaluated force generated (and supported) by each CB state. Our results demonstrate that force is generated before Pi is released, and the same force is maintained after Pi is released. Stretch activation and/or delayed tension can also be explained with this CB scheme and forms the basis of force generation and oscillatory work production.
Cortical and white matter substrates supporting visuospatial working memory
Authors: Asano Eishi , Ueda Riyo , Sakakura Kazuki , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Sonoda Masaki , Firestone Ethan , Kuroda Naoto , Kitazawa Yu , Uda Hiroshi , Luat Aimee , Johnson Elizabeth , Ofen Noa
Published: November 2023

As school challenges intensify, they commonly increase in complexity. In tasks involving new visuospatial information, we rely on working memory, supported by a distributed brain network. We investigated the dynamic interplay between brain regions, including cortical and white matter structures, to understand how neural interactions change with different memory loads and trials, and their subsequent impact on working memory performance. Patients undertook a task of immediate spatial recall during intracranial EEG monitoring. We charted the dynamics of cortical high-gamma activity and associated functional connectivity modulations in white matter tracts. Elevated memory loads were linked to enhanced functional connectivity via occipital longitudinal tracts, yet decreased through arcuate, uncinate, and superior-longitudinal fasciculi. As task familiarity grew, there was increased high-gamma activity in the posterior inferior-frontal gyrus (pIFG) and diminished functional connectivity across a network encompassing frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Notably, early pIFG high-gamma activity was predictive of successful recall. Including this metric in a logistic regression model yielded an accuracy of 0.76. In summary, optimizing visuospatial working memory through practice is tied to early pIFG activation and decreased dependence on irrelevant neural pathways.
Simulation of a randomly percolated CNT network for an improved analog physical unclonable function
Authors: Yang Hyo-In , Lee Hanbin , Ko Jeonghee , An Yulim , Min Gyeongsu , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Bae Jong-Ho , Lim Mee-Hyun , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: November 2023

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, research on an alternative encryption technology, the physically unclonable function (PUF), is increasing. Carbon nanotube (CNT) network-based PUFs have the great advantage of having a very simple process and being compatible with CMOSs, but since the randomness varies greatly depending on the process conditions, it is necessary to investigate various process parameters to have excellent PUF performance. For this purpose, we implemented a random CNT network using simulation and constructed an analog PUF with resistance values as data through numerous iterations. At this time, new evaluation methods were presented to compare the performance of the analog PUF, and the optimal point of PUF performance was identified by comparing the performance according to two process parameters, CNT density and metallic CNT ratio. Our study can serve as a guide for producing an optimized CNT PUF in the future after the CNT solution and processing method are clarified. This will be a PUF with a small footprint area, high CMOS compatibility, and superior security compared to a digital PUF.
Using network analysis to understand the association between menopausal and depressive symptoms: a survey study
Authors: Martin-Key Nayra A. , Funnell Erin L. , Benacek Jiri , Spadaro Benedetta , Bahn Sabine
Published: November 2023

Background
The menopause appears to heighten women's susceptibility to mental health issues, particularly depression. It has been proposed that depressive symptoms occurring throughout the menopause may be linked to specific menopause symptoms. Notably, previous studies have merely examined the severity and prevalence of menopausal and depressive symptoms using summed scores and/or individual item scores, as opposed to understanding how these symptoms interconnect and overlap. The aims of the current study were to: (i) use network analysis to explore the symptom structure and interconnectivity of a broad range of menopausal and depressive symptoms, and (ii) to compare the symptom structure of menopausal and depressive symptoms between the perimenopause and the post-menopause.
Methods
Online survey data from 858 respondents were analysed. Network analysis was used to explore the symptom structure of menopausal (as measured using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire) and depressive (as measured using the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)) symptoms.
Results
A network was constructed comprising the 37 variables of interest (MENQOL: 29 symptoms; PHQ-8: 8 symptoms). Decreased stamina, decreased physical strength, feeling depressed, and change in sexual desire were the most central symptoms. The estimated network had a good level of stability (CS-strength = 0.75 and CS-influence = 0.75). The clique percolation analysis revealed 10 communities of symptoms. There were no significant differences in the network structure-distribution of edge weights or global strength between the peri- and post-menopausal groups.
Conclusions
The findings from this research suggest that addressing decreased stamina could prove instrumental in managing menopausal symptoms. Similarly, psychosocial symptoms were seen to be core symptoms of the menopause experience. Undoubtedly, the menopause is a multifaceted phase that encompasses not only physical changes but also significant psychological challenges, and recognising the holistic nature of the menopause experience is crucial for providing comprehensive care. The findings from the current study also underscore the importance of early intervention, particularly in the perimenopausal stage, where women may face additional barriers in accessing essential support. Early intervention not only aids in alleviating menopausal and depressive symptoms but also contributes to overall well-being during this significant phase of life.
MAX precision test of the Genome-wide association study under two-stage design
Authors: Song Yi , Wang Yun , Li Zheng-Bang , Xiong Wen-Jun , Zhou Ji-Yuan , Pan Dong-dong
Published: November 2023

One of the important topics in genetic statistics and medical research is the study of human complex diseases caused by multiple genes. With the development and completion of the Human Genome Project, many complex diseases have been discovered, and scientists have also identified some disease-causing genes, providing assistance and direction for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of multi-gene diseases in humans. Whole genome association studies are the most common approach used in the study of complex diseases in humans. This article adopts a case-control study design and combines the two-stage analysis MAX test joint analysis strategy with the two-stage design MAX exact test. It compares the MAX exact test method MaXact algorithm under the two-stage design with two similar methods, bootstrap parameter resampling and normal approximation, and the results show that the MaXact algorithm for MAX exact test under the two-stage design is much faster in calculating p-values than the bootstrap parameter resampling method. The calculation speeds of the normal approximation method and the MaXact algorithm are comparable, but considering factors such as the cost and workload of gene sequencing, the MaXact algorithm may achieve its effect. Subsequently, the paper further verifies the conclusions obtained through examples and briefly analyzes the results of the examples.
A Novel Radiomics Approach for Predicting TACE Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Using Deep Learning for Multi-organ Segmentation
Authors: Bartnik Krzysztof , Krzyziński Mateusz , Bartczak Tomasz , Korzeniowski Krzysztof , Lamparski Krzysztof , Wróblewski Tadeusz , Grąt Michał , Hołówko Wacław , Mech Katarzyna , Lisowska Joanna , Januszewicz Magdalena , Biecek Przemysław
Published: November 2023

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represent the standard of therapy for non-operative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while prediction of long term treatment outcomes is a complex and multifactorial task. In this study, we present a novel machine learning approach utilizing radiomics features from multiple organ volumes of interest (VOIs) to predict TACE outcomes for 252 HCC patients. Unlike conventional radiomics models requiring laborious manual segmentation limited to tumoral regions, our approach captures information comprehensively across various VOIs using a fully automated, pretrained deep learning model applied to pre-TACE CT images. Evaluation of radiomics random survival forest models against clinical ones using Cox proportional hazard demonstrated comparable performance in predicting overall survival. However, radiomics outperformed clinical models in predicting progression-free survival. Explainable analysis highlighted the significance of non-tumoral VOI features, with their cumulative importance superior to features from the largest liver tumor. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations of manual VOI segmentation, requires no radiologist input and highlight the clinical relevance of features beyond tumor regions. Our findings suggest the potential of this radiomics models in predicting TACE outcomes, with possible implications for other clinical scenarios.
Study on the effects of low protein diet on nitrogen utilization and urine metabolites in dairy cows
Authors: Ren Yaqiong , Wang Wenzhuo , Cai Li , Wang Yanming , Liu Xiaojing , Li Depeng , Zhang Qiaoe
Published: November 2023

Background
Dietary protein level and supplementation of rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) and rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) on nitrogen utilization and urine metabolites of dairy cows are very important in improving dairy production.
Results
The results showed that the cows in LP group had higher DMI than the HP group after 30d (P < 0.001) and 90d (P = 0.047). The nitrogen intake from the feed in the LP group was lower than HP after 30d (P = 0.014), 60d (P < 0.01), and 90d (P < 0.01). Compared to the HP group, the total nitrogen excretion was lower in the LP group after 30d (P = 0.003), 60d (P < 0.001), and 90d (P < 0.001). Cows fed with LP had a trend of higher nitrogen digestibility after 90d (P = 0.052) than cows fed with HP. The LP treatment increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency after 30d (P = 0.036), 60d (P = 0.023), and 90d (P = 0.021) when compared with HP. A total of 503 metabolites were detected in the urine of cows. Compared with HP, the LP group had 263 metabolites that were down-regulated and 240 metabolites that were up-regulated.
Conclusion
Feeding dairy cows with a low-protein diet supplemented with amino acids can decrease nitrogen excretion, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, and show effects on protein digestion and absorption, energy supply and rumen microbiota through the regulation of L-tryptophan and L-alanine.
Simulation study on cathode structure optimization of aluminum alloy thin-walled internal spiral deep hole electrochemical machining
Authors: Tang Lin , Ren Zihan , Luo Qiuxia , Xue Runrong , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2023

In order to solve the problems of easily distort and poor surface quality in machining aluminum alloy thin-walled internal spiral deep hole parts, a precision forming electrochemical machining (ECM) method was proposed. In this paper, the physical model of the pull-type downstream and pull-type countercurrent cathode was established, the simulation study on the flow field of the pull-type downstream and pull-type countercurrent cathode gap was carried out. The inclination angle of the cathode liquid supply hole was optimized. The simulation results showed that the flow rate of the pull-type downstream cathode electrolyte is 21% higher than the pull-type countercurrent cathode, the flow field is more uniform when the inclination angle of the cathode liquid supply hole is 30°. Using the self-developed large-scale horizontal electrochemical machining equipment, under the conditions of voltage 7.5V, current 1850A, composite electrolyte 10%NaCl + 9%NaNO3, electrolyte temperature 30°C, inlet pressure 1.2MPa and cathode feed rate 100mm/min, the surface roughness of Ra0.741µm and the forming accuracy of 0.035mm aluminum alloy thin-walled inner spiral deep hole stable machining was completed. The research shows that the cathode structure optimization simulation can effectively shorten the cathode development cycle and reduce the test cost.
Deformation Mechanism and Influence of Surface Pumping Control in Shallow-Buried Tunnel in Water-rich Fully Weathered Granite
Authors: Zhang Junru , Chen Pengtao , Yan Zhijian , Ma Jianchi , Liu Yumeng , Jin Xuehui
Published: November 2023

Granite in a fully weathered state is highly sensitive to water and has poor water stability. Therefore, construction control presents significant challenges when building tunnels in such fully weathered granite formations with high water content. Based on this context and relying on the planned Beitouling Tunnel, this study employed geotechnical tests and numerical simulations to analyze the water sensitivity of fully weathered granite and the impact of surface pumping on the deformation of shallow-buried tunnels in such formations. The research findings indicate: (1) Weathered granite in the project area is highly water-sensitive, with decreasing mechanical properties as moisture rises. However, stress-strain characteristics are minimally affected. Granular composition sets conditions for sudden outbursts. (2) Lowering groundwater eliminates seepage within the "pumping funnel." Below the pumping curve, dense seepage vectors cause walls convergence and arch rise due to pumping forces. (3) Lowering the groundwater to the upper bench reduces tunnel vault settlement by over 50% compared to the initial level, yielding optimal control. At the middle bench, walls convergence rises by 9–13%. Lowering to the tunnel bottom increases arch rise by 23–36%.
The key phytochemical cue D(+)-camphor is a promising lure for traps monitoring the new monophagous camphor tree borer Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Chen Cong , Xu Tian , Li Shouyin , Xue Mingyu , Deng Yadi , Fan Binqi , Yang Chufeng , Hao Dejun
Published: November 2023

The landscape plant, Cinnamomum camphora, is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species, mainly due to a diversity of terpenoids, such as D(+)-camphor. Despite its formidable chemical defenses. C. camphora is easily attacked and invaded by a monophagous weevil pest, Pagiophloeus tsushimanus. Deciphering the key olfactory signal components regulating host preference could facilitate the monitoring and control strategies for this insect pest. Herein, two host volatiles, D(+)-camphor and ocimene, can induce GC-EAD/EAG reactions in both male and female adult antennae. Correspondingly, Y-tube olfactometer assays showed that the two compounds were attractive to both male and female adults. In field assays, a self-made trap device baited with 5 mg dose D(+)-camphor captured significantly more P. tsushimanus adults than isopropanol solvent controls without sexual bias. The trunk gluing trap device baited with bait can capture adults, but the number is significantly less than that of the self-made trap device and adults often fall after struggling. The cross baffle trap device never traps adults. Neither ocimene nor isopropanol solvent control could capture adults. When used in combination, ocimene cannot enhance the attraction of D(+)-camphor to both female and male adults. These results indicate that D(+)-camphor is a key active compound of P. tsushimanus adults for the host location. The combination of the host-volatile lure based on D(+)-camphor and the self-made trapping device is promising to monitor and provide an eco-friendly control strategy for this novel pest P. tsushimanus in C. camphora plantations.
Brain volume loss in relapsing multiple sclerosis: Indirect treatment comparisons of available disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Keenan Alexander J. , Le Hoa H. , Ait-Tihyaty Maria , Gandhi Kavita , Zierhut Matthew L. , Salvo-Halloran Elizabeth M. , Ramirez Abril Oliva , Vuong Vivian , Singh Sumeet , Hutton Brian
Published: November 2023

Background
Brain volume loss (BVL) has been identified as a predictor of disability progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). As many available disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) have shown an effect on slowing BVL, this is becoming an emerging clinical endpoint in RMS clinical trials.
Methods
In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify BVL results from randomized controlled trials of DMTs in RMS. Indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) were conducted to estimate the relative efficacy of DMTs on BVL using two approaches: a model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) with adjustment for measurement timepoint and DMT dosage, and a network meta-analysis (NMA).
Results
In the MBMA, DMTs associated with significantly reduced BVL versus placebo at two years included fingolimod (mean difference [MD] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.36), ozanimod (MD = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.12–0.41), teriflunomide (MD = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.20–0.55), alemtuzumab (MD = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.10–0.67) and ponesimod (MD = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.48–0.95), whereas interferons and natalizumab performed the most poorly. The results of NMA analysis were generally comparable with those of the MBMA.
Conclusions
Limitations of these analyses included the potential for confounding due to pseudoatrophy, and a lack of long-term clinical data for BVL. Our findings suggest that important differences in BVL may exist between DMTs. Continued investigation of BVL in studies of RMS is important to complement traditional disability endpoints, and to foster a better understanding of the mechanisms by which DMTs can slow BVL.
Comparative analyses of complete plastid genomes from seven representative species of Convallarioideae (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Chen Xing-Ru , Wu Shao-De , Nie Ze-Long , Wen Jun , Meng Ying
Published: November 2023

Background
Convallarioideae is a subfamily of Asparagaceae, a morphologically diverse group comprising 7 tribes (i.e., Eriospermeae, Rusceae, Dracaeneae, Nolineae, Convallarieae, Ophiopogoneae, and Polygonateae) and two unclassified genera.
Methods and Results
In this study, we conducted comparative chloroplast genomic and phylogenetic analyses on seven species, representing seven lineages of the tribe. The results showed that all genomes exhibited a conserved quadripartite structure with two inverted repeat regions (26,261 − 26,522 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (83,007–85,692 bp) and a small single-copy region (18,205 − 18,707 bp). Each genome contains 137 unique genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Furthermore, we detected 33–61 simple sequence repeats in six categories and 39–57 long repeats in four categories. We selected eleven divergent hotspots for potential molecular markers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the tribes are strongly supported except for Polygonateae, but weak supports were observed among the main lineages within the subfamily.
Conclusions
The use of the complete chloroplast genomes provides useful implications for a better understanding on the chloroplast evolution on Convallarioideae.
Preparation and tribological behavior of N-doped graphene oxide quantum dots with MoS2 and Al2O3 nanocomposites as lubricant additive in aqueous glycerol
Authors: Xiong Sang , He Jiaqi , Wang Chenglong
Published: November 2023

N-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (NGOQDs) with MoS2 and Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by solvothermal method. The morphology and the composition and structure of the prepared composites was characterized by TEM, XRD, Raman, ATR-FTIR and XPS. Tribological behavior of NGOQDs-MoS2 and NGOQDs-Al2O3 nanocomposites as lubricant additive in aqueous glycerol were studied. Through experiments and MD simulations, the tribochemistry-induced lubrication mechanism was disclosed. The results shows that the combination of NGOQDs and hydrated glycerol can significantly improve lubrication performance, and the addition of NGOQDs-MoS2 and NGOQDs-Al2O3 nanoparticles can further improve tribological properties. The formation of a tribofilm through tribochemical induced lubrication mechanism improves the wear resistance of metal surfaces.
Analytical method validation and quantitation of 3-fucosyllactose in Korean maternal milk by mass spectrometry
Authors: Nguyen My Tuyen T. , Seo Nari , Hoang Khanh Hong Thi , Dinh Toan Nguyen Song , Nguyen Phu Cuong , Kim Yong-Ki , Jung Ji A , Kim Jung-Min , Song Young-Ha , An Hyun Joo , Kim Jaehan , Yoon Jong-Won
Published: November 2023

The concentration of human milk oligosaccharides has gained significant attention recently due to their positive effects on infant health. However, the concentration of 3-fucosyllactose(3-FL) in Korean mother milk has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concentration of 3-FL in Korean human milk using mass spectrometry. The analytical method for quantitating 3-FL was validated to have high precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, stability, recovery, and reproducibility. The concentration of 3-FL was then determined in 102 Korean human milk samples. The results showed that the 3-FL concentration increased during lactation, with values of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.8 g/L in 0–30, 30–60, and > 60 postpartum days, respectively. Notably, the 3-FL level in secretors (1.3 g/L, n = 80) was significantly lower than in non-secretors (2.8 g/L, n = 24). These findings provide useful information for future research, as well as for setting the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) value and formulating baby food composition.
How Do Obesity and Infertility Affect Stigma and Depression? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: koc ozlem , Karakoç Hediye , Ersöğütçü Filiz
Published: November 2023

Background: In traditional societies like Turkey, having children is a determinant of social status in society and family. A stigma is defined as a negative sense of social difference from others, that is, so outside the socially defined norm, it is both deeply discrediting and devalues the individual. Depression is a common health problem in infertile women because of the stressful nature of the treatment procedures, fear that treat-ments will fail, and the patient's inability to conceive. This study was conducted to examine the stigma and depression status of obese infertile women in Turkey. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. A fixed model in the G*Power software 3.1 was used to calculate the sample size for multiple linear regression analysis. In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 161 infertile women from an infertility outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Eastern Turkey. In the analyses of the data, descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the normally distributed data.
Results: It was determined that depression scores had a strong positive correlation with stigma scores. A multiple regression analysis was performed to explain the relationship between depression and demographic variables. In the multiple regression analysis performed to evaluate the effects of five independent variables determined to have an effect on depression scores, it was seen that the independent variables explained depression levels by 80%.
Conclusion: The findings emphasized that depression and stigma are related to each other. It was determined that the depression scores of the participants increased in relation to increased self-devaluation, social stigma, age, and duration of diagnosis.
Myeloid sarcoma presenting as lymphadenopathy with myelofibrosis
Authors: Hamdan Rolaz , Shammaa Abdullah Al , Kaddar Abir , Atia Joanna
Published: November 2023

We present a case of lymphadenopathy as the first manifestation of myeloid sarcoma (MS), a rare hematological malignancy. Immunophenotyping was essential for diagnosing MS, as it could distinguish it from other diagnoses, such as lymphoma, that were not discernible by using imaging and conventional light microscopy.
Comparison of Prediction Performance of Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery Discharge Capacity with Machine Learning Methods
Authors: ANDIK Ilyas , ARSLAN Fatma Yasemin , UYSAL Ali
Published: November 2023

Due to the non-linear characteristics of rechargeable batteries, many studies are carried out on battery life, state of charge and health status monitoring systems, and many models are developed using different methods. Within the scope of this study Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery was discharged at room temperature with different discharge currents. Through the experiments, the discharge capacity, current, voltage and temperature values of the LTO battery were recorded and the min-max scaling method was applied to the obtained discharge experiment data. 70% of the experimental data is reserved as training data and 30% as test data. Models have been developed to estimate the discharge capacity of LTO batteries using machine learning algorithms. Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Linear Regression methods were used in the prediction models. By comparing the performance values obtained from the models used, the model that makes the best estimation of the solution of the problem has been determined. In the performance evaluations of machine learning methods Explanatory Coefficient (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values were used. As a result of the study, it was seen that the Random Forest model gave the most successful result in terms of success rates with a predictive value of % 99,8836.
Navigating Drug Use, Cessation, and Recovery: A Retrospective Case Notes Review Among Sexual Minority Beneficiaries of a Community-based Service in Singapore
Authors: Wah Tzy Hyi , Ong Adeline Jia Xin , Naidu Kuhanesan N. C. , Hanafi Syaza , Tan Kelvin , Tan Alaric , Ong Tricia Jia Jing , Ong Eleanor , Ho Daniel Weng Siong , Subramaniam Mythily , See Maha Yewtuck , Tan Rayner Kay Jin
Published: November 2023

Background
In Singapore, where drug use is a highly stigmatized and criminalized issue, there is limited understanding of the challenges faced by individuals, particularly sexual minorities, in their journey towards recovery from substance dependence or addiction. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the driving forces behind drug use, the factors contributing to drug cessation, and the elements influencing the recovery process.
Methods
Data were extracted from clinical records provided by < blinded for review > between January 2020 to May 2022. These records encompassed information from four distinct forms: the intake assessment, progress notes, case closing summary, and the care plan review. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and categorize recurring themes within the data.
Results
Data from beneficiaries (N = 125) were analyzed and yielded a series of themes related to facilitators of drug use, motivations to cease drug use, and managing one’s ongoing recovery. Within the facilitators of drug use, 2 sub-themes were identified: (a) addressing trauma and triggers and (b) managing emotions. Additionally, managing one’s recovery was marked by four significant sub-themes: (a) uncovering personal identities, (b) losing motivation and drive, (c) overcoming obstacles, and (d) preparing for aftercare.
Conclusions
The study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of ongoing recovery management, offering potential avenues for interventions that could enhance support for individuals in their journey to overcome substance dependence. Enhancing psychoeducation and fostering peer support have the potential to facilitate the recovery process. Clearly, a holistic approach is needed to address these complex issues that cuts across our societies.
Effectiveness of mobile phone text messages sent as reminders for self-monitoring of blood pressures and blood glucose at home among low income patients in Kenya: an open label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asiki Gershim , Otieno Peter , Wilunda Calistus , Karugu Caroline , Kloet Babette , Teerling Julia , Siteyi Angela , Hendriks Marleen , Kyobutungi Catherine , Andel Judith
Published: November 2023

Background
Self-measurements of blood pressure or blood glucose at home are effective in reducing blood pressure or blood glucose among patients with hypertension or diabetes. However adherence to these measurements is poor in low income settings including Kenya. We assessed the effectiveness of mobile phone text message (SMS) reminders for self-measurements on blood pressure, and blood glucose control.
Methods
This was an open-label randomized controlled trial among low income patients from healthcare facilities in three Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Kiambu, and Vihiga). To be eligible, patients had to be an adult (18 years and above) with a diagnosis of hypertension or type 2 diabetes, own a mobile phone, and accept self-measurements at home. Patients with hypertension were randomized into three arms each with 94 patients receiving daily, weekly, and no SMS respectively. Patients with diabetes were randomized into two arms (weekly versus no SMS) each with 64 patients. The proportion of patients with controlled blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg), and controlled random blood glucose (< 11∙00 mmol/L) estimated through a survey conducted after 12 months of follow-up were our primary outcomes. Our secondary outcome was the effect of SMS reminders on self-measurements. We used intention to treat analysis.
Results
Between January and December 2020, 252/282 (86∙2%) patients with hypertension completed the study. The frequency of self-measurements increased among patients with hypertension who received weekly SMS. Using a multivariate Poisson regression, weekly SMS was associated with blood pressure control; [RR = 1∙34, 95%CI (1∙01–1∙78)] but daily SMS was not associated (RR = 0∙89; 95%CI (0∙63 − 1∙27)]. For diabetes, 104/128 (78∙9%) completed the study and there was no significant effect of weekly SMS on blood glucose control.
Conclusions
Weekly SMS reminders among patients on blood pressure self-monitoring substantially improved blood pressure control. SMS reminders are recommended as an adjunct intervention to improve adherence to self-measurements of blood pressure at home.
Trial registration:
This study was registered in the Pan African Clinical Registry (PACTR202003783697033) on 30 Mar 2020.