bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Braille use among Norwegian children from 1967 to 2007: trends in the underlying causes
Authors: Augestad Liv Berit , Klingenberg Oliv , Fosse Per
Published: February 2011

Purpose:  The aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence, diagnoses and time trends among Norwegian children that have received education in braille from 1967 to 2007.

Methods:  We used a retrospective population‐based study design. The health care system is free for all inhabitants in Norway. We included all children that had received braille education the last four decades. From each student’s record, we abstracted year born, country of birth, gender, year diagnosed, diagnosis, classification of visual impairment and type of reading media.

Results:  We identified 287 children (137 girls and 150 boys) that had received braille education over the last 40 years. Of these, 262 (91.3%) children were born in Norway, 145 (53.7%) were diagnosed within the first year of life and 59 (20.6%) from age of one to five. The most frequent diagnoses were Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), Juvenile Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (JNCL), Lebers Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Among the children, 63% (N = 170) used braille only, 9% (N = 25) braille and print, but priority braille, and 27% (N = 73) braille and print, priority print. The number of children with ROP using braille had a peak in 1977, then the number declined. The number diagnosed with LCA increased from 1987 to 1992. The number of braille users among children diagnosed with JNCL tended to increase substantially after 1992.

Conclusion:  Braille education seemed to be dependent of trends in diagnoses as well as trends in recommendations from professional educators.
TRITON and Beyond: New Insights into the Profile of Prasugrel
Authors: Jakubowski Joseph A. , Riesmeyer Jeffrey S. , Close Sandra L. , Leishman Amy G. , Erlinge David
Published: February 2011

Prasugrel, a third‐generation thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, demonstrated superior efficacy to clopidogrel but with an increased risk of bleeding in the phase III pivotal registration Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TRITON‐TIMI 38). This article reviews and discusses select components of a large literature of prasugrel data that has emerged since the TRITON‐TIMI 38 (TRITON) study primary disclosure.
Water‐column stratification governs the community structure of subtropical marine picophytoplankton
Authors: Bouman Heather A. , Ulloa Osvaldo , Barlow Ray , Li William K. W. , Platt Trevor , Zwirglmaier Katrin , Scanlan David J. , Sathyendranath Shubha
Published: February 2011

The increase in the areal extent of the subtropical gyres over the past decade has been attributed to a global tendency towards increased water‐column stratification. Here, we examine how vertical stratification governs the community structure of the picophytoplankton that dominate these vast marine ecosystems. We analysed phytoplankton community composition in the three Southern Subtropical basins of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans using a variety of methods and show that the distributions of picocyanobacteria and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) are strongly correlated with depth and strength of vertical mixing: the changes in community structure occur at various taxonomic levels. In well‐mixed waters, PPEs, in particular haptophytes, dominate, whereas in strongly stratified waters, picocyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus are prevalent, regardless of whether the relative contributions to total biomass are assessed in terms of pigment or of carbon. This ecological diochotomy within the picophytoplankton supports the hypothesis that genomic streamlining provides a selective advantage for Prochlorococcus in highly stable, oligotrophic systems, but may restrict their ability to dominate in regions subject to dynamic mixing.
Intestinal and chronic infections: Salmonella lifestyles in hostile environments
Authors: Bäumler Andreas J. , Winter Sebastian E. , Thiennimitr Parameth , Casadesús Josep
Published: February 2011

The main disease syndromes caused by Salmonella serovars in immunocompetent individuals are gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. These syndromes differ with regard to the host niches in which Salmonella serovars grow and survive to ensure their transmission. During gastroenteritis, non‐typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) use their virulence factors to elicit acute intestinal inflammation, thereby creating a novel luminal niche. Reactive oxygen species produced by phagocytes in the intestinal lumen oxidize endogenous sulfur compounds to produce a new respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate. Respiration of tetrathionate confers a growth advantage to S. Typhimurium over competing microbes. This growth advantage ensures transmission of the pathogen by the faecal‐oral route. In typhoid fever, S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) establishes a chronic infection in the gall bladder, and perhaps in additional niches. Studies using the mouse model of typhoid fever suggest that survival and proliferation in the gall bladder may involve several strategies. Invasion of the gallbladder epithelium and formation of biofilms on gallstones may protect the pathogen from the bactericidal activities of bile salts. In the gallbladder lumen, activation of bile defence responses may permit survival of planktonic Salmonella cells. Individuals developing chronic carriage after an episode of typhoid fever can transmit the disease for the remainder of their lives by shedding the pathogen through the cystic duct. Shedding promotes S. Typhi transmission to new susceptible hosts. Here we review Salmonella virulence strategies for growth and survival in host niches that represent reservoirs for transmission.
Effect of a very low‐energy diet on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea: case reports
Authors: Johansson K.
Published: February 2011

In this article, we report two cases from our study in which we investigated the effect of a very low‐energy diet (VLED) for 9 weeks followed by a weight maintenance program for a total duration of 1 year in obese men with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. The first case was a 43‐year‐old man with a body weight of 126 kg and a body mass index (BMI) of 38.8 kg/m2 at baseline. Over the 1‐year treatment program he lost 26% of his initial weight and his apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was improved by 60%. The second case was at baseline a 54‐year‐old man with a weight of 87 kg and BMI of 32.1 kg/m2. Over the 1‐year treatment program he lost 10% of his initial weight and his AHI improved by 66%. In summary, treatment with a VLED followed by a weight maintenance program significantly improved obstructive sleep apnea in both cases.
Comparison of bioactive glass coated and hydroxyapatite coated titanium dental implants in the human jaw bone
Authors: Mistry S , Kundu D , Datta S , Basu D
Published: February 2011

Background:  Current trends in clinical dental implant therapy include modification of titanium surfaces for the purpose of improving osseointegration by different additive (bioactive coatings) and subtractive processes (acid etching, grit‐blasting). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the behaviour of hydroxyapatite and the newly developed bioactive glass coated implants (62 implants) in osseous tissue following implantation in 31 patients.

Methods:  Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite was suitably coated on titanium alloy. Hydroxyapatite coating was applied on the implant surface by air microplasma spray technique and bioactive glass coating was applied by vitreous enamelling technique. The outcome was assessed up to 12 months after prosthetic loading using different clinical and radiological parameters.

Results:  Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coating materials were non‐toxic and biocompatible. Overall results showed that bioactive glass coated implants were as equally successful as hydroxyapatite in achieving osseointegration and supporting final restorations.

Conclusions:  The newly developed bioactive glass is a good alternative coating material for dental implants.
Reducing Boarding in a Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Price Carter , Golden Bruce , Harrington Michael , Konewko Ramon , Wasil Edward , Herring William
Published: February 2011

When operating room schedules in hospitals are produced, the constraints and preferences of surgeons and hospital workers are a primary consideration. The downstream impact on post‐operative bed availability is often ignored. This can lead to the boarding of patients overnight in the post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) because intensive care unit beds are unavailable. In this paper, we apply integer programming and simulation to develop improved surgical scheduling assignments. We want to balance new surgeries with hospital discharges in order to reduce the variability of occupied beds from one day to the next and, as a result, to reduce boarding in the PACU.
Thrombelastography in Horses with Acute Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Epstein K.L. , Brainard B.M. , Gomez‐Ibanez S.E. , Lopes M.A.F. , Barton M.H. , Moore J.N.
Published: February 2011

Background:Coagulopathies in horses with gastrointestinal disease are frequently identified and associated with morbidity and fatality.

Objective:Determine if thrombelastography (TEG) identifies abnormalities associated with lesion type, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), morbidity, and fatality more consistently than traditional coagulation testing.

Animals:One‐hundred and one horses examined for gastrointestinal disease and 20 healthy horses.

Methods:TEG, tissue factor (TF)‐TEG, and traditional coagulation panels parameters and percentages of horses with coagulopathies were compared for lesion type, presence of SIRS, complications, and survival.

Results:Changes in individual parameters and increased incidence of coagulopathies were associated with fatality (R,P= .007; k‐value [K],P= .004; clot lysis [CL]30,P= .037; CL60,P= .050; angle [Ang],P= .0003; maximum amplitude [MA],P= .006; lysis [Ly]30,P= .042; Ly60,P= .027; CI,P= .0004; ≥ 2 TEG coagulopathies,P= .013; ≥ 3 TEG coagulopathies,P= .038; TF‐R,P= .037; TF‐K,P= .004; TF‐CL30,P< .0001; TF‐CL60,P< .0001; TF‐Ang,P= .005; TF‐Ly30,P= .0002; TF‐Ly60,P< .0001; TF‐CI,P= .043; ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathies,P= .003; ≥ 2 TF‐TEG coagulopathies,P= .0004; prothrombin tme [PT],P< .0001; activated partial throboplastin time [aPTT],P= .021), inflammatory lesions (MA,P= .013; TF‐CL30,P= .033; TF‐CL60,P= .010; TF‐Ly60,P= .011; ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .036; ≥ 2 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .0007; PT,P= .0005; fibrinogen,P= .019), SIRS (MA,P= .004; TF‐CL30,P= .019; TF‐CL60,P= .013; TF‐Ly30,P= .020; TF‐Ly60,P= .010; PT,P< .0001; aPTT,P= .032; disseminated intravascular coagulation,P= .005), and complications (ileus: aPTT,P= .020; diarrhea: TF‐CL30,P= .040; TF‐Ly30,P= .041; thrombophlebitis: ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .018; laminitis: MA,P= .004; CL60,P= .045; CI,P= .036; TF‐MA,P= .019; TF‐TEG CI,P= .019). Abnormalities in TEG and TF‐TEG parameters were indicative of hypocoagulation and hypofibrinolysis.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance:TEG identifies changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with lesion type, SIRS, morbidity, and fatality in horses with gastrointestinal disease.
Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)
Authors: Johnson L.R. , Vernau W.
Published: February 2011

Background:Diagnosis of lower respiratory disease requires collection of airway samples to confirm the etiology of disease. Bronchoscopic evaluation is commonly performed in dogs but less information is available in cats.

Hypothesis:The presence and number of bronchoscopic abnormalities visualized during bronchoscopic evaluation of cats with lower respiratory disease will correlate with the type of disease and total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.

Animals:Forty‐eight cats prospectively evaluated by a single bronchoscopist.

Methods:Bronchoscopy was performed during clinical evaluation of cats presenting with cough, respiratory distress, or both. Cats were evaluated for airway hyperemia, stenosis, or collapse, mucus accumulation, bronchiectasis, and epithelial irregularities. Cats were placed into groups of bronchitis/“asthma,” pneumonia, or neoplasia based on BAL findings, histopathology, and response to appropriate medical therapy. Summation of bronchial abnormalities and total and differential cell counts were compared among groups.

Results:Endobronchial abnormalities were common in cats with feline bronchitis/asthma, pneumonia, and neoplasia and no differentiating features were found. Excessive mucus accumulation was common (83%), followed by stenosis of bronchial openings and nodular epithelial irregularities (56%), airway hyperemia (54%), airway collapse (48%), and bronchiectasis (27%). Total bronchoscopic score and total cell count did not differ among groups, although differential cell counts were significantly different. A weak correlation (R2= 0.16,P= .006) between age and total bronchoscopic score was noted.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Bronchoscopic abnormalities are common in cats with lower respiratory tract disease, and visualization of the airways provides additional nonspecific clinical information in cats.
Nested Case‐Control Study of Feline Calicivirus Viruria, Oral Carriage, and Serum Neutralizing Antibodies in Cats with Idiopathic Cystitis
Authors: Larson J. , Kruger J.M. , Wise A.G. , Kaneene J.B. , Miller R. , Fitzgerald S.D. , Kiupel M. , Maes R.K.
Published: February 2011

Background: The epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV) infection in cats with idiopathic cystitis (FIC) has not been investigated by contemporary molecular biologic methods.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and evaluate risk factors for FCV viruria, oral carriage, and virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies in cats with and without FIC.

Animals: Cats with nonobstructive FIC (n = 47), obstructive FIC (n = 22), and FCV upper respiratory tract infection (URI; n = 25), and healthy client‐owned (n = 18) and colony‐housed (n = 24) cats.

Methods: Oropharyngeal secretions and urine were evaluated with a FCV p30 gene‐based real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. Serum VN antibody titers were determined by a modified microtiter assay. Associations of risk factors with log‐transformed antibody titers were determined by multivariable generalized linear regression.

Results: FCV viruria was detected in 4 (6%) and 3 (12%) cats with FIC and URI, respectively. In 3 FIC cats, viruria was unassociated with detectable oral virus carriage. Oral FCV carriage was detected in 7 (10%) FIC cats. Median antibody titers were significantly higher in cats with obstructive FIC (1 : 256), nonobstructive FIC (1 : 128), and URI (1 : 512) compared with healthy client‐owned (1 : 16) and colony‐housed (1 : 4) cats (P < .001). Other than disease, multivariate analysis did not identify any other explanatory variables for increased titers in cats with FIC or URI.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance: FCV viruria was detected in cats with FIC and URI, however, its etiologic significance is uncertain. Serologic results suggest increased FCV exposure in FIC cats compared with controls. Further investigations are needed to clarify the potential role of FCV in FIC.
Genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic characterization of Candida glabrata during sequential fluconazole exposure
Authors: Samaranayake Yuthika Hemamala , Cheung Becky Pik Ki , Yau Joyce Yick Yee , Yeung Kim Wai , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera
Published: February 2011

Abstract Aim:  Candida glabrata is a major pathogen in humans known to be intrinsically resistant to fluconazole. However, genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic changes associated with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole are not properly understood. The aim of this study was to observe specific phenotypic, chromosomal, and proteomic alterations in a Candida glabrata strain sequentially exposed to fluconazole.

Methods:  Candida glabrata was exposed to increased concentrations of fluconazole in RPMI for 55 days. Phenotypic changes were evaluated using standard assays. Molecular/proteomic changes in C. glabrata were analyzed by contour‐clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and mass spectrometry.

Results:  Candida glabrata demonstrated increased fluconazole resistance (>256 μg/mL), with extensive cross‐resistance to ketoconazole (0.38–3.0 μg), itraconazole (8 to >32 μg), and voriconazole (0.125–1.5 μg). Morphologically dissimilar colonies on RPMI/fluconazole agar demonstrated variable chromosomal profiles compared with the control isolate. Stable chromosomal changes were associated with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) mRNA level of the hemolysin gene compared with the control. Phenotypic switching on CuSO4 agar was associated with variable metallothionein mRNA transcription levels. The proteome analysis of a fluconazole‐resistant offshoot demonstrated a total of 98 protein spots, 25 showing a twofold upregulation.

Conclusion:  Fluconazole exposure initiates the chance evolution of a new colonizing population with specific virulence traits.
Semistable reduction for overconvergentF-isocrystals, IV: local semistable reduction at nonmonomial valuations
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S.
Published: February 2011

We complete our proof that given an overconvergentF-isocrystal on a variety over a field of positive characteristic, one can pull back along a suitable generically finite cover to obtain an isocrystal which extends, with logarithmic singularities and nilpotent residues, to some complete variety. We also establish an analogue forF-isocrystals overconvergent inside a partial compactification. By previous results, this reduces to solving a local problem in a neighborhood of a valuation of height 1 and residual transcendence degree zero. We do this by studying the variation of some numerical invariants attached top-adic differential modules, analogous to the irregularity of a complex meromorphic connection. This allows for an induction on the transcendence defect of the valuation, i.e., the discrepancy between the dimension of the variety and the rational rank of the valuation.
B-Spline Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Analysis of Surface Texture in End-Milling of Aluminum
Authors: Li Yongqing , Ni Jun
Published: February 2011

Modern manufacturing requires close monitoring by correlating finer frequency regimes of the surface texture to process parameters. This paper presents a study of B-spline wavelet-based multiresolution analysis (MRA) for surface texture characterization and process parameter correlation in end-milling. Motivated by multiresolution curves in computer graphics, an initial B-spline surface is first interpolated to the measured points of the surface texture. With a B-spline wavelet transform, the initial surface is decomposed into higher-frequency details and lower-frequency approximations. By taking the reconstructed surface roughness, waviness, and form based on different frequency regimes as the responses, regression models are created by considering the feed rate, spindle speed, axial depth of cut, and tool wear as controllable variables. The case studies and comparisons with an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Gaussian filter have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed B-spline wavelet-based MRA algorithm for a surface texture analysis and manufacturing process diagnostics.
Orientation-Dependent Performance of Portable Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Lee Jen-Chieh , Shay Tony , Chang Song-Kuo
Published: February 2011

The effects of gravitational force on the orientation-dependent performance of portable proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell using serpentine flow channels were investigated by the measurement and analysis of polarization curves. Whether the removal of produced water in the cathode flow channel is resisted or assisted by the gravity depends on the orientation variation, flow direction, and flow channel distribution of a fuel cell. This gravity will then affect the fuel cell performance, especially for fuel cells operating at a high current density. The results show that a fuel cell with perpendicular flow channel distribution and cathode gas flow in vertical direction requires a longer distance of pushing liquid droplets against gravity to remove the produced water, which is difficult to expel the produced water from the flow channels, and the performance reduction is obviously in high current density. A fuel cell operating in a normal position achieves higher performance than one operating in a horizontal position, except the cathode gas flow in vertical direction and feed from lower inlet. Furthermore, for a fuel cell operating in a horizontal position with anode below the membrane, gravitational force transports the water to the anode and blocks the fuel channel in the gas diffusion layer. This leads a fuel cell operating in high current densities with the cathode below the membrane performs better than one with the cathode above the membrane. Therefore, to reduce the effects of gravity on the orientation-dependent performance, a fuel cell with parallel flow channel distribution and feeding the cathode gas from the upper inlet port is recommended in this study.
Characterizing the Stability of Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Water as a Phase Change Material for Thermal Management Systems
Authors: Ryglowski Brian K. , Pollak Randall D. , Kwon Young W.
Published: February 2011

Carbon nanotube (CNT) suspensions have shown promise as a heat transfer nanofluid due to their relatively high thermal conductivity and ability to remain in stable suspension for long durations. To assess their potential as a phase change material for thermal management systems, the stability of such suspensions under repeated phase change cycles is investigated. Electrical resistance testing was used to monitor stability of the CNT network during freeze-thaw cycling. With distilled water as the base fluid, the effects of CNT size and type, CNT concentration, surfactant type and concentration, and processing parameters were investigated. Nanofluids tested included laboratory-prepared and commercially supplied samples. Experiments showed breakdown of the nanofluid in less than 12 phase change cycles for all samples tested. Ultrasonication after breakdown was shown to restore resistance values to prebreakdown levels. The results suggest the use of CNT-enhanced water as a phase change material presents a significant operational challenge due to instability of the CNT network during phase change cycling. Should the use of such nanofluids be warranted as a phase change material, electrical resistance testing along with repeated ultrasonication may be considered as a means to control and monitor stability of the nanoparticle suspension in service.
Special Relativity in Week One: 1) The Principle of Relativity
Authors: Huggins Elisha
Published: February 2011

We like to begin an introductory physics course with a law of physics that applies to everything, has no known exceptions, and whose consequences are already familiar to students. That law is the principle of relativity. By focusing on the principle of relativity itself, and a careful selection of the thought experiments, we can comfortably introduce the basic concepts of special relativity that we will use later in the course.1 This allows us to construct an introductory physics course that includes 20th- and 21st-century physics as we go along, rather than shoving modern physics off the back end.2
Large General Purpose Frame for Studying Force Vectors
Authors: Heid Christy , Rampolla Donald
Published: February 2011

Many illustrations and problems on the vector nature of forces have weights and forces in a vertical plane. One of the common devices for studying the vector nature of forces is a horizontal “force table,”1 in which forces are produced by weights hanging vertically and transmitted to cords in a horizontal plane. Because some students have difficulty relating the geometry of the textbook illustrations with weights in a vertical plane to the horizontal geometry of a force table, we developed a vertical force frame, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that allows a vertical arrangement of weights and cords that mimics exactly the textbook illustrations, and is on a scale that makes it easy for the students to “feel” the magnitudes of forces. This frame is easy to build, inexpensive, and provides a working area of almost 5 ft × 5 ft (1.8 m × 1.8 m) and a number of alternative ways of working with forces. This frame can also be easily expanded to an area of 10 ft × 5 ft (3.6 m × 1.8 m) for large complex configurations. The frame is easy to assemble or disassemble using only a VSR drill and deck screws, and stores compactly. Students can gain engineering skills by assembling the frame guided by schematic drawings.
Using “Student Technology” in Introductory Physics: A Comparison of Three Tools to Study Falling Objects
Authors: Saraiva da Rocha Fábio , Fajardo Fabio , Grisolía Maricarmen , Benegas Julio , Tchitnga Robert , Laws Priscilla
Published: February 2011

Being able to facilitate effective hands-on laboratory experiences in introductory physics courses is a challenging task, even when contemporary laboratory facilities, equipment, and new technologies for data collection and analysis are available. At institutions without adequate resources, especially those in developing countries, we have found that the problem of providing effective laboratory experiences is especially daunting for at least two reasons: 1) the lack of equipment and contemporary measuring devices; and 2) even at institutions that have some laboratory equipment, students who have access to cell phones with digital timing and video capabilities or inexpensive digital cameras are bored with trying to use “old-fashioned” apparatus for measurements.
Revealing Extraordinary Intrinsic Tensile Plasticity in Gradient Nano-Grained Copper
Authors: Fang T. H. , Li W. L. , Tao N. R. , Lu K.
Published: February 2011

Nanometer-sized grain copper confined by a graded substrate leads to a material with both high strength and high ductility.
Expression of follicular helper T cell markers in nodal peripheral T cell lymphomas: a tissue microarray analysis of 162 cases
Authors: Zhan He-Qin , Li Xiao-Qiu , Zhu Xiong-Zeng , Lu Hong-Fen , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Chen Yan
Published: February 2011

Aims

To evaluate the role of the follicular helper T (TFH) cell markers, CD10, BCL6, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and CXCL13, in the differential diagnosis of nodal peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) and to determine whether PTCL subtypes other than angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) express TFHcell markers.

Methods

162 nodal PTCL specimens and 53 other lymphoid pathology specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry for CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 was performed on tissue microarray sections. Morphological feature analysis and double labelling assay were also performed.

Results

For AITL cases, the rate of CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 expression was 75.0% (36/48), 66.7% (32/48), 93.8% (45/48) and 97.9% (47/48), respectively. Expression of CD10, PD-1 and CXCL13 in the AITL group was significantly higher than in other nodal PTCLs and the control group (p<0.05). The rate of coexpression of three or four (≥3) markers was 83.3% for AITL cases, which was significantly higher than that for any of the non-AITL cases (0–4.9%; p<0.05). The rate of coexpression of PD-1 and CXCL13 (91.7%, 44/48) was significantly higher than that of CD10 and BCL6 (56.3%, 27/48) (p=0.000) in the AITL group. Seventeen cases of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) expressed CXCL13, including both cases of the follicular variant of PTCL, NOS (FVPTCL, NOS), three of the four cases of the lymphoepithelioid variant of PTCL, NOS (LVPTCL, NOS), and the remaining 12 cases which displayed one or more features of AITL.

Conclusions

The combined detection of CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 has high specificity and sensitivity for the differential diagnosis of AITL. PD-1 and CXCL13 are more sensitive, superior diagnostic markers for AITL than CD10 and BCL6. Currently, TFHcell markers are the only available markers that show high specificity for AITL. LVPTCL, NOS and/or FVPTCL, NOS may also arise from TFHcells and fall within the spectrum of AITL.
A KLEENE THEOREM FOR BISEMIGROUP AND BINOID LANGUAGES
Authors: GAZDAG ZSOLT , NÉMETH ZOLTÁN L.
Published: February 2011

A bisemigroup is a set with two associative operations. Subsets of free bisemigroups are called bisemigroup languages. Recognizable, regular and MSO-definable bisemigroup languages have been studied earlier, and these classes are known to be equal. In this paper we prove a Kleene theorem for bisemigroup languages, namely we show that the class of recognizable bisemigroup languages is the least class which contains the finite languages and closed under the operations of union, horizontal and vertical product, horizontal and vertical iteration, ξ-substitution and a restricted version of the the ξ-iteration. We extend our result to binoid languages, i.e., to subsets of free algebras, where the two associative operations share a common identity element.
THE QUANTUM H4 INTEGRABLE SYSTEM
Authors: GARCÍA MARCOS A. G. , TURBINER ALEXANDER V.
Published: February 2011

The quantum H4 integrable system is a 4D system with rational potential related to the non-crystallographic root system H4 with 600-cell symmetry. It is shown that the gauge-rotated H4 Hamiltonian as well as one of the integrals, when written in terms of the invariants of the Coxeter group H4, is in algebraic form: it has polynomial coefficients in front of the derivatives. Any eigenfunction is a polynomial multiplied by ground-state function (factorization property). Spectra correspond to one of the anisotropic harmonic oscillators. The Hamiltonian has infinitely-many finite-dimensional invariant subspaces in polynomials, they form the infinite flag with the characteristic vector α = (1, 5, 8, 12).
TORSION, CHERN–SIMONS TERM AND DIFFEOMORPHISM INVARIANCE
Authors: MAHATO PRASANTA , BHATTACHARYA PARTHA
Published: February 2011

In the torsion ⊗ curvature approach of gravity Chern–Simons modification has been considered here. It has been found that Chern–Simons contribution to the Bianchi identity cancels from that of the scalar field part. But "homogeneity and isotropy" consideration of present day cosmology is a consequence of the "strong equivalence principle" and vice versa.
MAGNETIZED PARTICLE MOTION AROUND BLACK HOLE IN BRANEWORLD
Authors: RAHIMOV O. G.
Published: February 2011

We investigate the motion of a magnetized particle orbiting around a black hole in braneworld immersed in asymptotically uniform magnetic field. The influence of brane parameter on effective potential of the radial motion of magnetized spinning particle around the braneworld black hole using Hamilton–Jacobi formalism is studied. It is found that circular orbits for photons and slowly moving particles may become stable near r = 3M. It was argued that the radii of the innermost stable circular orbits are sensitive on the change of brane parameter. Similar discussion without Weil parameter has been considered by de Felice et al. in Refs. 1 and 2.
MESON PRODUCTION AT COSY-TOF AND COSY-ANKE
Authors: WILKIN COLIN
Published: February 2011

The roles of the COSY-TOF and COSY-ANKE spectrometers in the measurement of strange meson production are briefly reviewed, mainly in connection with new results on the pp → K+pΛ, pp → K+pΣ0 and pp → K+nΣ+ reactions.
RECENT RESULTS FROM VES EXPERIMENT
Authors:   THE VES COLLABORATION, NIKOLAENKO V. , EKIMOV A. , KACHAEV I. , KARYUKHIN A. , KONSTANTINOV V. , IVASHIN V. , MAKOUSKI M. , MATVEEV V. , MYAGKOV A. , POLYAKOV B. , RYABCHIKOV D. , SHALANDA N. , SOLDATOV M. , SOLODKOV A. A. , SOLODKOV A. V. , SOLOVIANOV O. , SUGONYAEV V. , SALOMATIN YU. , VOLKOV E.
Published: February 2011

The charge-exchange reaction π-p → ω(780)ɸ(1020)n is studied with the VES setup. The (ωΦ) system is observed at relatively low background. Its invariant mass distribution peaks near threshold. The two-particles partial wave analyses shows that the JPC = 0++ state dominates. Comparison with scalar wave in ωω system at the comparable mass gives evidence for violation of the OZI rule. Another subject is a search for possible transition f0(980) → a0(980), which violates the isospin symmetry.
PRODUCTION OF D AND B MESONS AND THEIR SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS
Authors: MACIUŁA RAFAŁ , SZCZUREK ANTONI , ŚLIPEK GABRIELA
Published: February 2011

We have calculated the kinematical correlations between charged leptons from semileptonic decays of open charm/bottom as well as leptons produced in the Drell-Yan mechanism in proton-proton collisions at BNL RHIC. Presented production rates for open charm and bottom were estimated by a detailed analysis of so-called nonphotonic electrons. The distributions for charm and bottom quarks pairs are calculated in the kt-factorization approach with the help of the Kwieciński unintegrated parton distributions. The hadronization of heavy quarks is done by means of Peterson et al. fragmentation function. The semileptonic decay functions are found by fitting recent semileptonic data obtained by the CLEO and BABAR. We get good description of recent PHENIX data.
COUPLED-CHANNELS FADDEEV CALCULATION OF THE K-d SCATTERING LENGTH
Authors: SHEVCHENKO NINA V.
Published: February 2011

We investigated the dependence of the K-d scattering length on two models of [Formula: see text] interaction, providing one or two poles for the Λ(1405) resonance. The [Formula: see text] system is described by coupled-channels Faddeev equations in AGS form. The two-body [Formula: see text] interaction models reproduce all existing experimental data on K-p scattering and K-p atom level shift. The comparison with several approximations, commonly used for such calculations, was done.
πNN SYSTEM AT LOW ENERGY
Authors: BARU VADIM
Published: February 2011

With the advent of chiral perturbation theory, the low-energy effective field theory of QCD, high accuracy calculations for hadronic reactions have become possible. We review the recent developments in the reaction NN → NNπ in chiral EFT.
A LINEAR SIGMA MODEL WITH THREE FLAVORS AND VECTOR AND AXIAL-VECTOR MESONS
Authors: PARGANLIJA DENIS , GIACOSA FRANCESCO , RISCHKE DIRK H. , KOVÁCS PÉTER , WOLF GYŐRGY
Published: February 2011

We outline the extension of the globally chirally invariant Nf = 2 linear sigma model with vector and axial-vector degrees of freedom to Nf = 3. We present preliminary results concerning the scalar meson masses.
HEAVY FLAVOUR HADRONIC MOLECULES
Authors: ORTEGA P. G. , ENTEM D. R. , FERNÁNDEZ F.
Published: February 2011

The structure and different decay modes of the X(3872) resonance are described in a constituent quark model as dynamically generated by the coupling of a molecular DD* state with a [Formula: see text] state.

We also obtain in the D*D* JPC = 1-- channel a bound state that can be identify with the Y(4008) charmonium state. Other possible molecular states in the hidden bottom sector are discussed.
TAGGING THE Λ(1405) FROM ITS DECAY INTO Σ0π0
Authors:   FOR THE HADES COLLABORATION, EPPLE ELIANE
Published: February 2011

The decay of Λ(1405) into Σ0π0 was studied in p + p collisions at EKin=3.5 GeV , measured by the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES). To extract the line shape of the Λ(1405), special techniques have been developed to describe the misidentification background and extract the contributions of different production channels.
TWO-PROTON CORRELATION FUNCTION FOR THE pp → pp + η AND pp → pp + pions REACTIONS
Authors:   FOR THE COSY-11 COLLABORATION, KLAJA PAWEŁ , MOSKAL PAWEŁ
Published: February 2011

For the very first time, the correlation femtoscopy method is applied to a kinematically complete measurement of meson production in the collisions of hadrons. The shape of the two-proton correlation function derived for the pp → ppη reaction differs from that for the pp → pp(pions) and both do not show a peak structure opposite to results determined for inclusive measurements of heavy ion collisions.
NON-SINGLET PART OF THE LONGITUDINAL STRUCTURE FUNCTION FL UP TO $O(\alpha_s^3)$
Authors: SOLEYMANINIA M. , KHORRAMIAN ALI N.
Published: February 2011

The unpolarized longitudinal nucleon structure function FL, measured in the deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering, is contained of three parts, singlet, non-singlet and gluon. The aim of this paper is to perform a QCD analysis of the longitudinal heavy and light structure functions FL(x, Q2) in the non-singlet part up to [Formula: see text]. We use the light and heavy flavor Wilson coefficients and distribution functions in Mellin space. Also we need to use the Padé approximation for αs analysis.
MEASUREMENT OF dd → 3Hep π- WITH WASA-at-COSY
Authors:   FOR THE WASA-at-COSY COLLABORATION, WEGLORZ WOJCIECH
Published: February 2011

The measurment of the charge symmetry conserving reactions dd → 3 He p π- and dd → 3 He n π0 is the first step of the charge symmetry breaking physics program with WASA-at-COSY. The analysis of these channels helps to understand the experimental conditions and provides additional parameters for theoretical studies. The data have been collected in November 2007.
EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTION OF ρ0ρ0 PAIRS IN ULTRARELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS
Authors: KLUSEK-GAWENDA MARIOLA , SZCZUREK ANTONI
Published: February 2011

We disuss exclusive electromagnetic production of two neutral ρ0 mesons and show the predictions for the AA → AAρ0ρ0 reactions for gold-gold collisions at the energy of [Formula: see text] and for lead-lead collisions at the energy of [Formula: see text]. The elementary cross section is calculated with the help of the vector-dominance-model (VDM)-Regge approach which usually very well describes the experimental data at large γγ energy. The low-energy γγ → ρ0ρ0 cross section is parametrized. The cross section for nuclear process is calculated by means of the equivalent photon approximation (EPA). We compare the results with realistic charge density with the results for monopole form factor.
ENHANCING EMISSION PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH IONS IN CHALCOGENIDE GLASS VIA MINUTE COMPOSITIONAL ADJUSTMENTS
Authors: CHOI YONG GYU
Published: February 2011

The significant role of the chemical environments of rare earths ions in controlling their radiative and nonradiative processes are exemplified in this study: The emission properties of rare earth ions ( Dy3+ or Tm3+ ) embedded in the strong covalent chalcogenide glass ( Ge and/or As containing sulphide glass) are dramatically enhanced upon the addition of very small amount of the Group III elements ( Ga or In ) and alkali halides ( CsBr or RbBr ). These compositional adjustments alter only the local structural environments of rare earth ions, while thermal stability of the modified glass is kept unaltered.
IMPRINT-MOLD-CLEANING BY VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
Authors: NAKAO MASASHI , YAMAGUCHI MASANORI , YABU SHINTARO
Published: February 2011

Imprinted molds which are contaminated by organic substances such as UV-resins through many times of imprinting processes are successfully cleaned with irradiation of a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, λ = 172 nm) light. Substrate temperature, radiation distance, and ambient oxygen concentration are also revealed as important factors to clean the molds.
Oman National Dairy Products: The Rise and Fall of a Well-known Company from the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Khan Golam Mostafa , Moharby Darwish Al , Busaidi Yousef Al
Published: February 2011

This paper is no longer available. Please contact acrj@wspc.com
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERHYDROPHOBIC ZnO HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: ZHANG QUNBING , CAO SHIHE , WANG JUN
Published: February 2011

ZnO films with well-aligned hierarchical structures have been successfully synthesized at moderate temperatures using a simple catalyst-free hydrothermal process. The synthesized ZnO films are found to be single-phase, with a hexagonal wurtzite-type structure. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the well-aligned hierarchical structures are assembled with interlaced parallel sheets grown on the (400) silica surface. The water contact angle measurement indicates that the water on the films has a contact angle of about 156.3°. This clearly demonstrates that the ZnO films synthesized by this simple method have superhydrophobic properties and may be important for applications in self-cleaning surfaces, biology, and so on.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY: AN INTERFACE BETWEEN NANOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: AMIN RASHID , HWANG SIEUN , PARK SUNG HA
Published: February 2011

Nanotechnology is one of the most important emerging fields of science in this century. It deals with designing, construction, investigation, and utilization of systems at the nanoscale. Another interesting research discipline of current day is biotechnology, which gives us a way to understand biological system and to utilize our knowledge for industrial manufacturing. Nanobiotechnology lies at the interface of these two research fields. It exploits nanotechnology and biotechnology to analyze and create nanobiosystems to meet a wide variety of challenges and develops a wide range of applications.
IN VIVO VALIDATION OF DUAL-MODALITY SYSTEM FOR SIMULTANEOUS POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING
Authors: WANG XIN , ZHANG BIN , CAO XU , LIU FEI , LIU SHUANGQUAN , SHAN BAOCI , BAI JING
Published: February 2011

We report on tests of combined positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) imaging system for in vivo investigation on small animals. A nude mouse was inoculated with MD-MB-231 breast cancer cells which expressed red fluorescent protein (RFP). For FMT system, reflective illumination mode was adopted with full-angle data acquisition. [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) was used as radioactive tracer for PET. Both data were acquired simultaneously and then reconstructed separately before fusion. Fluorescent tomography results showed exactly where the tumor was located while PET results offered more metabolic information. Results confirmed feasibility for tumor detection and showed superiority to single modality imaging.
OPTICALLY TRACKING THE MOTION OF MICROBEADS TO STUDY PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS OF THE LIVING CELL IN RESPONSE TO TRANSIENT STRETCH OR COMPRESSION
Authors: DENG LINHONG , JIANG XUEMEI , CHEN CHENG , SONG AIJING , LIN FENG
Published: February 2011

Optical magnetic twisting cytometry and traction force microscopy are two advanced cell mechanics research tools that employ optical methods to track the motion of microbeads that are either bound to the surface or embedded in the substrate underneath the cell. The former measures rheological properties of the cell such as cell stiffness, and the latter measures cell traction force dynamics. Here we describe the principles of these two cell mechanics research tools and an example of using them to study physical behaviors of the living cell in response to transient stretch or compression. We demonstrate that, when subjected to a stretch–unstretch manipulation, both the stiffness and traction force of adherent cells promptly reduced, and then gradually recover up to the level prior to the stretch. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting results indicate that the actin cytoskeleton of the cells underwent a corresponding disruption and reassembly process almost in step with the changes of cell mechanics. Interestingly, when subjected to compression, the cells did not show such particular behaviors. Taken together, we conclude that adherent cells are very sensitive to the transient stretch but not transient compression, and the stretch-induced cell response is due to the dynamics of actin polymerization.
Proteomic analysis of the enterocyte brush border
Authors: McConnell Russell E. , Benesh Andrew E. , Mao Suli , Tabb David L. , Tyska Matthew J.
Published: February 2011

The brush border domain at the apex of intestinal epithelial cells is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the intestinal tract and the primary surface of interaction with microbes that reside in the lumen. Because the brush border is positioned at such a critical physiological interface, we set out to create a comprehensive list of the proteins that reside in this domain using shotgun mass spectrometry. The resulting proteome contains 646 proteins with diverse functions. In addition to the expected collection of nutrient processing and transport components, we also identified molecules expected to function in the regulation of actin dynamics, membrane bending, and extracellular adhesion. These results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms underpinning brush border assembly and function.
Urocortin 1 modulates immunosignaling in a rat model of colitis via corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2
Authors: Chang Jen , Adams Melanie R. , Clifton Matthew S. , Liao Min , Brooks Julia H. , Hasdemir Burcu , Bhargava Aditi
Published: February 2011

Urocortins (UCNs) and their receptors are potent immunoregulators in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where they can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. We examined the contribution of Ucn1 and its receptors to the pathogenesis, progression, and resolution of colitis. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was used to induce colitis in rats. Ucn1 mRNA and immunoreactivity (IR) were ubiquitously expressed throughout the GI tract under basal conditions. During colitis, Ucn1 mRNA levels fell below basal levels on day 1 then increased again by day 6, in association with an increase in the number of Ucn1-IR inflammatory cells. Ucn1-IR cells were also numerous in proliferating granulation tissue. In contrast to Ucn1 expression, average phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) expression rose above controls levels on day 1 and was very low on day 6 of colitis. Knockdown of corticotropin-releasing factor 2 (CRF2) but not CRF1 by RNA interference during colitis significantly decreased the macroscopic lateral spread of ulceration compared with uninjected controls or animals with CRF1 knockdown. After knockdown of CRF2, but not of CRF1 during colitis, edema resolution assessed microscopically was slowed, and myeloperoxidase activity remained elevated even at day 6. Ucn1 and TNF-α mRNA peaked earlier, whereas pERK1/2 activation was attenuated after CRF2 knockdown. Thus we conclude that local CRF2 and pERK1/2 activation is pivotal for macroscopic spread of colitis and resolution of edema. Elimination of CRF2, but not CRF1, results in uncoordinated immune and pERK1/2 signaling responses.