bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دلالاتُ الواو ووظائفها في العربية
Authors: م.د. أوراس عبد الحسين عبد الله
Published: April 2023

يرمي هذا البحث الموسوم «دلالات الواو ووظائفها في العربية» إلى استجلاء سلوك الواو في التركيب ، والإبانة عن الدلالات الناشئة عن ذلك ، وتحديد المنحى الوظيفي المتحقق من هذا اللفظ ، بالربط ، والنصب ، والرفع ، والجر ، في ضوء السياق الذي يحرّك المقال ، إذْ إن هذا الرابط اللفظي له أثر كبير في تماسك النص، وتمتين أواصر العلاقات في الجمل ، بتلون أنماطه ، وتعدد استعمالاته ، وتنوع دلالاته ، وسمَتُهُ في المعنى المودّى في التركيب وبنية النص ، وهذا ما دعا النحاة إلى تناول موضوعه بالبحث والكتابة والتعليق، وقد يحدو الأمر في بعض الأحيان إلى تقرير الخلاف في تحديد العامل المقتضي للمعنى والأثر الإعرابي في السياق ، ممّا يفضي إلى تقنين القواعد وتثبيت الأحكام من خلال الاستقراء .
Alternative de finanțare a afacerii în Republica Moldova
Authors: Ianioglo Alina
Published: April 2023

Financing business activities represent one of the pressing issues. In current conditions of digital transformation and difficulties in accessing traditional financing, alternative sources of finance acquire a special importance. At the same time, the knowledge regarding alternative finance market in the Republic of Moldova is yet in its infancy. Therefore, the article aims at exploring modern trends, issues and opportunities of alternative finance in the Republic of Moldova. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a mixed research approach, based on both primary and secondary data, was used: analysis of statistical data, international rankings, comparison, synthesis, deduction. There was determined the impact of different sources of finance on entrepreneurship development. The alternative finance market in the Republic of Moldova was analysed, showing that despite a rise in recent years, alternative sources of financing are still poorly developed.
Assessment of infrastructure as a component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova: the opinion of entrepreneurs
Authors: Vinogradova Natalia , Boldurat Vladislav
Published: April 2023

The entrepreneurial ecosystem of the Republic of Moldova is still at the stage of formation. The observed trend of growth in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is not accompanied by a qualitative growth of enterprises. This indicates the underdevelopment of key components of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, one of which is the infrastructure. In this study, infrastructure as a component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is considered as a set of elements of physical infrastructure, as well as services to support entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is to assess the state of the entrepreneurship support infrastructure in the Republic of Moldova, including based on the results of a survey of entrepreneurs, which was carried out in 2021 within the applied research project 20.80009.0807.38 „Multidimensional assessment and development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem at the national and regional level in order to boost the SME sector in the Republic of Moldova”, financed from the state budget of the Republic of Moldova. The results of the study showed that the infrastructure component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Moldova has mainly positive evaluations by entrepreneurs. Overall in the component, access to IT resources and services was most highly rated by entrepreneurs. The indicator with the most negative impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem is the condition (quality) of the roads. Also, access to crisis resolution and business insolvency services is a significant obstacle for over a quarter of respondents, which reflects insufficient contribution from support organizations to overcome business insolvency issues.
Antreprenoriatul inovativ în Republica Moldova: documente de politici, factori determinanți
Authors: Maier Lidia
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the Government of the Republic of Moldova has made considerable efforts to boost the development of the SME sector and has increasingly recognized the role of innovation as a key driver of a competitive and sustainable economy. And although strategic policy documents, programs, and other normativelegal acts, aimed at stimulating the elaboration and implementation of innovations have been developed and adopted at the national and regional levels, the political commitment to the implementation of innovation policy has remained limited and the innovation ecosystem remains at an incipient phase. In this context, for innovative entrepreneurship to develop effectivelyand be able to fully contribute to economic growth and development, it is suggested that its importance be further recognized. The paper aims to present an overview of the legislative frameworkand policy documents to support innovation at the national and regional levels-derived from other policy areas, highlighting the fact that the integration of the innovation policy for entrepreneurship in existing policy areas is problematic. In the article, the author also identifies and analyzes the determinants of innovative entrepreneurship, available for the Republic of Moldova and comes with some recommendations on boosting the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the country, the main suggestion being the emergence of an innovation strategy with the participation of all stakeholders in innovation and entrepreneurship. Methods such as analysis and generalization (of the legislative acts and policy documents, economic and statistical indicators and other analytical materials) were used in the elaboration of the article.
Current state, obstacles and opportunities for the development of the Champignon mushroom production industry in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Turetchi Viorel
Published: April 2023

Due to their nutritional and economic value, champignon mushrooms are appreciated by both consumers and domestic agricultural entrepreneurs. The ability of this culture to provide up to five - six harvests during the year, the constant demand on the local market for the given product, reflects, at first sight, guaranteed economic successes for potential mushroom producers. However, the specifics of the local market, as well as the technical and material conditions available for carrying out the production process in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, carry a series of risks that can seriously compromise the success of the given business. The purpose of this work is to confirm the economic advantage of producing champignon mushrooms in the conditions of our country, to reflect the necessary technological measures to be implemented, the risks that may arise in the production process. General research methods (empirical and theoretical methods) were used in the preparation of the report, the analysis of statistical data reflecting the dynamics of the foreign and local markets was widely applied. The report presents both the analysis of the statistical data and the derived conclusions, and the effects are interpreted through the lens of promoting agricultural products with a high economic value. The results of the report present the dynamics of the local mushroom production sector, development opportunities and measures to make the field more efficient.
Tranziția energetică: provocări, tendințe și soluții
Authors: Popa Viorica , Popa Nicolae
Published: April 2023

At the global level, humanity is faced with the problem of excessive consumption of energy resources. The challenges of the energy sector are complex: capitalizing on renewable energy sources, reducing energy consumption from fossil sources, increasing energy efficiency measures to reduce energy consumption, as well as reducing CO2 emissions. In recent years, energy efficiency is one way we have to contribute to maintaining the sustainability of the planet. Energy is an input like any other used in the production process, no doubt for this reason, what is sought with its efficient use is to produce more while spending less energy. Energy efficiency is generally based on the optimization of consumption, which involves the search for the lowest energy intensity, a "rational use of energy", through more efficient processes and means. The objective of the study is to analyze the opportunities offered by energy efficiency as well as intelligent solutions adapted to the conditions of the national economy. The hypothesis is formulated starting from the results presented in the literature analysis section and consists in the fact that one of the basic rules of the energy efficiency transition is the exploitation of renewable energy sources in new resources for other industries. This study was developed within the State Program 20.80009.0807.22 "Development of the mechanism for formation of the circular economy in the Republic of Moldova” funded from the state budget through the National Agency for Research and Development of the Republic of Moldova.
Evaluarea riscului in sistemul bancar in contextual Comitetului Basel
Authors: Manole Tatiana , Birca Iulita
Published: April 2023

This article investigates the role of the banking institution in carrying out the circulation of funds. The financial circuit of the funds can be likened to the circulation of blood through the venous system of man. A small failure can cause great health problems. This phenomenon can be compared with the monetary circulation in the economy of the country. The national institution, that aims to supervise and control the money circuit, is the Central Bank (the case of the Republic of Moldova – the National Bank of Moldova). It is precisely this institution that is obliged and has at its disposal all the monetary policy instruments to achieve this objective. The supreme banking supervisory institution is the BASEL Committee, the objective of which is to understand supervisory issues and improve the quality of banking supervision worldwide, in order to increase financial stability, being the main global standard for prudential regulation of banks. By decision no. 63 of February 28, 2019, the National Bank of Moldova approved the Methodology for supervision and evaluation of banks' activity, thanks to which international standards and best practices in the field of banking sector supervision are transposed. The approval of the methodology is part of the process of reforming the domestic banking supervision framework and represents a fundamental step in the implementation of a future-oriented risk-based supervision process using professional reasoning.
International expertise in tracking and recovery of illegal financial flows
Authors: Iordachi Victoria , Calpajiu Pavel
Published: April 2023

Illicit financial flows represent a global challenge for both developing and developed countries, and the accessibility of financial instruments and the level of inclusion in the global economy are directly proportional, both, to economic development and the value of these flows. At the same time, the countries of the world at the level of addressing the problem of illicit financial flows register different successes - from the refuse to sign international conventions in the field of preventing and combating corruption, money laundering, the fight against tax evasion, up to the development of their own reporting mechanisms at the global level of the information necessary to combat and recover illicit financial flows. In this article, the experience of some countries in the field of tracing and recovering illicit financial flows is reported, at the same time, the international regulations in this field are analyzed. The research methodology was based on the following methods and techniques: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, graphical and tabular methods, methods inherent in economic disciplines - observation, reasoning, comparison, classification, which allowed an in-depth analysis of the research topic. The data sources of the paper constituted the legislative basis of European Parliament in the domain of combatting corruption and illegal financial flows, as well as some states’progress reports of combatting financial corruption phenomenon.
Posibilități de implementare a practicilor internaționale în dezvoltarea afacerilor circulare din Republica Moldova
Authors: Ungur Cristina
Published: April 2023

The implementation of circular business models becomes imperative under the conditions of the energy crisis that appeared at the European level this year. Governments and the business environment are required to look for urgent solutions for the transition to an economy based on alternative energy resources. In this context, taking over successful practices and sharing experience become the fastest methods to adopt circular business models. The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of other states in the development of successful circular businesses and to identify the possibilities of implementing these practices in the Republic of Moldova. The research analyzed the activity of nine companies from four countries that operate based on circular models, in particular - the Circular Suppliers business model. At the same time, companies from the Republic of Moldova that develop businesses based on renewable, biodegradable or recyclable resources were identified and analyzed. The analyzes allowed establishing the opportunities and challenges existing at the national level in order to carry out a circular business. The areas where the principle of circularity can be implemented in the Republic of Moldova were identified and the resources that can be used in the most efficient way were determined. This study was developed within the State Program 20.80009.0807.22 Development of the mechanism of formation of the circular economy in the Republic of Moldova.
Оценка уровня жизни домохозяйств с пожилыми людьми
Authors: Rojco Anatolii
Published: April 2023

The elderly people belong to socially vulnerable groups of the population, whose standard of living is much lower than the average value. The development of measures to provide them with a socially acceptable level of income and reduce poverty on this basis requires an assessment of the main indicators of the standard of living of household members with elderly people. This determines the relevance of the topic of this article. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, monographic, statistical, comparison, analogues. Research results. The analysis of the size of average per capita disposable income and consumer spending of households with elderly people was carried out. The features of the structure of disposable income and consumer spending of these households are noted. The risk of being below the poverty line for members of households with the elderly people was assessed. The calculations were carried out in general for the Republic of Moldova and in the context of "urban-rural" areas. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
Experiența internațională în aplicarea voucherelor culturale pentru copii și tineri
Authors: Ciobanu Mihail , Savcenco Silvia
Published: April 2023

One of the relatively recent instruments used to increase the consumption of cultural products and services by the population is the cultural voucher, which, in general, represents a financial instrument intended to be used to benefit from cultural products and services. In particular, the term "cultural voucher" can be defined differently depending on the type of regulatory and issuing entity and the spectrum of its beneficiaries. It could be a state contribution that improves access to culture for primary and secondary school pupils and their pedagogues, a tool for obtaining cultural products and services within a partnership of the government with businesses for the benefit of workers who have formal employment contracts or even an online payment method in the form of a rechargeable electronic card for cultural products and services. In order to demonstrate the diversity of forms and uses of cultural vouchers were used the following research methods: legal analysis, induction, deduction, logical method and literature review. As sources of data were used mainly the national laws and studies that analyze the impact of cultural vouchers on cultural consumption, including among children and young people. The use of cultural vouchers has a positive impact both for consumers and for the industry. This paper was developed and financed within the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of Science and Innovation Projects of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 State Program Project "Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova".
Evaluarea experienței mondiale de ocupare a persoanelor vârstnice pe piața muncii și oportunitatea de utilizare a acesteia în Republica Moldova
Authors: Heghea Ecaterina
Published: April 2023

In an age of frequent and rapid changes in all areas of life, against the background of the demographic aging of the population and the lack of qualified labor force, it is not surprising that in many countries they began to dynamically promote active aging policies and the integration of pensioners into the labor force, thus trying to overcome the problems of social exclusion of elderly people and the increasing financial burden on the budget of states associated with ension payments. In this context, it seems necessary to consider the global experience of employment of pensioners in the labor market, as well as the possibilities of its application in the Republic of Moldova. The methods of analysis, comparison, analogy and statistical analysis were used in the article. Results of the study: the experience of integration of pensioners in the labor market was considered, as well as the possibility of its application in the Republic of Moldova. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
Perfecționarea politicilor publice privind gestionarea serviciului vamal în contextul asigurării securității naționale a Republicii Moldova
Authors: Gutium Mircea
Published: April 2023

One of the key elements of the economic security assurance system of the Republic of Moldova is the national customs service. The purpose of this paper is to identify the possibilities of improving the customs service by implementing e- governance principles. Ensuring international trade by the customs authorities of the Republic of Moldova is achieved through the efficient operation of the customs control system. Countries that are part of the global economic system, and are actively involved in international trade, are rapidly developing the customs service and digitizing it intensively. The digitization of the Customs Service will allow the acceleration of international trade and the increase of national security by stopping smuggling attempts. The World Customs Organization is actively involved in the process of developing a unique electronic customs system, which will allow the development of the international market. Finally, there will be the benefits of developing the use of new information technologies in the customs declaration and control process to improve the management of the customs service. In this study, the perception of import-export rights was analyzed in order to identify the importance of the customs service for the country's economy. This paper has been developed within the framework of the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of projects in the field of science and innovation of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 Project State Program ”Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova”.
Metodologia de evaluare a excluziunii sociale în țările europene
Authors: Gutium Tatiana
Published: April 2023

Social exclusion in European countries is a real problem. It directly affects human rights, brings high costs to society, and hinders the realization of the human potential of vulnerable groups and sustainable economic growth. There are different forms of exclusion a person: economic, cultural, and social exclusion. In addition, there are many structural reasons for exclusion from society that are unrelated to a person’s personal choice, and there are also different degrees of social exclusion. Economic inequality is primarily related to differences in the income generated through paid employment, social transfers, and other household income. And secondly, there are differences in access to social services (education, healthcare). The main subject of the study is the methodology for assessing social exclusion. The main goal is the analysis of social exclusion indicators and calculation methods in the context of adapting the indicators used in European countries for the Republic of Moldova. General scientific methods were used to achieve the purpose of the research: scientific abstraction, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, positive and normative analysis, and comparative analysis. The most common indicators used in European countries to assess social exclusion are AROPE and Laeken. In the case of the Republic of Moldova, it is necessary to use the AROPE index, and it is rational to use the social inclusion index built based on self-assessments by the population of their protection from various dangers and threats.
System functioning of art in the Ukrainian diaspora: paradigms of genre-stylistic and imagery-thematic spheres
Authors: Dutchak Violetta
Published: April 2023

The study presents an analytical approach to the comprehensive and systemic analysis of the culture and art of the Ukrainian diaspora through the prism of the analysis of the ethno-artistic tradition, its components, which ensured the development of conserving, synthesizing, and transforming tendencies. The parallels and interconnections of the imagistic, thematic, and genre interactions of various types of art of the Ukrainian diaspora have been determined, as well as the main circle of artistic symbols that contributed to both the national identification of cultural figures of the diaspora and their creativity.
Piano art of composers in the Ukrainian diaspora: genre-stylistic, educational and personological aspects
Authors: Novosiadla Iryna
Published: April 2023

The piano art of the Ukrainian diaspora is a unique and interesting phenomenon. It is a component of the educational and cultural system abroad, an embodiment of performance mastery and compositional talent, where the key factor is the attraction to Ukrainian traditions. Thanks to the universality of the expressed forms, the piano art of the diaspora contributes to the entry of Ukrainian national culture into the global cultural space.
sEMG Motion Classification Via Few-Shot Learning With Applications To Sports Science
Authors: Ergeneci Mert , Bayram Erkan , Yildiz Ayberk yarkin , Carter Daryl , Kosmas Panagiotis
Published: April 2023

Motion classification with surface electromyog-

raphy (sEMG) has been studied for practical applications

in prosthesis limb control and human-machine interaction. Recent studies have shown that feature learning with deep neural networks (DNN) reaches considerable accuracy in motion classification tasks. However, DNNs require large datasets for acceptable performance and fail for tasks with few data samples available for training. Professional athlete training includes hundreds of exercises, and coupled with privacy and confidentiality issues acquiring a large dataset for all the exercises is not feasible. As a result, state-of-the-art DNN architectures are unsuitable for real-life sports applications. We utilise few-shot learning (FSL) techniques to overcome the small dataset problem of sports-related motion classification tasks. The employed methodology uses the knowledge gathered from a large set of tasks to classify unseen tasks with a few data samples. The FSL approach with a siamese network and triplet loss reached the best performance with a median F1-score of 72.01%, 76%, and 79% for 1, 5 and 10 shot datasets that include an unseen set of tasks, respectively. In contrast, DNN with transfer learning (TF) reached 49.27%, 51.58%, and 67.66% for the same set of tasks, respectively.
Spatio And Temporal Dimensions For The Public Usage Of Urban Green Parks In Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Pussella PGR Naleen Indika , Li Lin
Published: April 2023

Use and accessibility to green parks in urban environments by public is an indicator to measure the psychological and physiological sustainability of dwellers. Identifying the driving forces in selecting a park for leisure and discover the pattern of park usage in Colombo city, Sri Lanka were the main objectives of this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from three types of respondents: regular park users who use the nearest park from residence, regular park users who don’t use the nearest park to the residence and non regular park users. Initially, it was selected 2879 participants for this survey representing village administration of Colombo city limits and the questionnaire was returned by 2328 respondents. However, 12 forms were incomplete status, only 2311 responses were selected for further analysis. These respondents were selected randomly to represent each administrative division by considering the total population of them. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) application was to analyze the characteristics of park users. It was revealed that nearly a half of the respondents do not use parks regularly and identified a number of characteristics of respondents and reasons for usage and non-usage of green parks regularly. Education, employment, age, civil status and accommodation type were identified as driving forces for the use of parks by general public. Safety and environmental factors were identified as the main issues on selecting parks. Study recommends to policy makers to identify these demerits to take immediate actions to popularize parks among public as an urgent requirement in the urban development and planning processes.
The Effects of Virtual Reality Use On Millenials’ On Intention to Visit Travel Destination
Authors: Utami Meidy Putri , Priyambodo Tri Kuntoro , Reksoatmodjo Wahyuni
Published: April 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) technology in tourism is a rapidly growing product of collaboration between technology and tourism. The benefits of VR during the Covid-19 pandemic allow the technology to survive. However, previously, VR had already seen usage in various profitable aspects of tourism. For that reason, it is important to examine how VR affects an individual’s—among Indonesian millennials—interest in visiting travel destinations. This study aims to analyze the effects of using VR by observing the content quality, system quality, presence, enjoyment and satisfaction in motivating visits among millennials. A total of 371 samples were collected in this study, obtained from respondents via online-distributed questionnaires. The data were processed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results indicated that out of seven hypotheses proposed, six were accepted and one was rejected. Content quality and system quality affected satisfaction, while presence affected enjoyment and satisfaction; satisfaction and enjoyment affected intention to visit. Enjoyment does not affect satisfaction. This study also shows that content quality, system quality, presence, enjoyment indirectly affect millennials’ interest to visit travel destinations. The quality of the VR system played an important role in creating satisfaction and intention to visit among millennials, so travel destination managers need to consider this.
Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production Assessment (RECP) in Pancoh Ecotourism Village, Regency of Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Dzulkifli Muhammad , Harahap Nadhila Fitri Rahmi
Published: April 2023

This study aims to assess the Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) in tourism sector especially in Pancoh Ecotourism Village (PEV), Sleman. It assessed by using the RECP United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) indicators for small and medium enterprise. It also used RECP assessment cycle method. The results show that there were two main activities that mostly use resources and energy in Pancoh Ecotourism Village (PEV), they are homestays and Pendopo. The use of energy in a homestay was bigger than in Pendopo. Also, inefficient use of energy and resources were found in homestays. The RECP recommendations for PEV were to use efficient stove, to use light-emitting diode (LED) lights and to attach magnets in the gas hose. If the PEV applied the recommendations, it has potential to reduce carbon by 22,535.68 CO2eq kg/year and it has potential to save IDR. 39,463,267/year. The indicators in RECP assessment for tourism village requires modifications since the pattern of resources and energy use in tourism villages is different from the small and medium enterprises that have implemented RECP method before
Analisis Kebutuhan Media Informasi Tempat Wisata Ramah Hewan Peliharaan di Kota Bandung
Authors: Nurzahra Ivenabaat , Rosady Mulki Tawakal , Karnita Rosa
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the needs of pet owners in obtaining information about pet-friendly tourist attractions in Bandung. The city, called the Paris van Java, has many pet-friendly attractions. However, information media which contains data for pet owners who want to bring their pets along for recreation to pet-friendly tourist spots in Bandung, has yet to be found. Then an analysis of the needs of pet owners was carried out using qualitative research methods. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation and internet searching. All data that has been collected is then analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in the identification of pet-friendly tourist attractions in detail, which is needed by tourists who have pets. Some of them are the types of places, rules, policies, social environment, and facilities of pet-friendly tourist spots to be considered before bringing pets to the intended location. Pet owners will be helped by creative forms of information, such as mobile applications that contain all complete information according to the needs of pet owners. Other information media, such as information boards or signage installed at tourist sites, can also help direct visitors who bring their pets.
Healing Sebagai Strategi Coping Stress Melalui Pariwisata
Authors: Hikmah Nurul , Fauziyah Nurul Khansa , Septiani Minda , Lasari Desy Murni
Published: April 2023

“Healing" has become a popular trend in Indonesia. Although it differs from the actual meaning of "healing" in a psychological perspective, "healing" describes recovery and healing in general, including the activities one does during the holidays to recover from the physical and mental boredom and fatigue one is experiencing. The literature on "healing" as a stress coping strategy in the tourism frame has not been discussed in detail in previous studies. This article aims to discuss the trend of "healing" as a stress coping strategy in the tourism context that can be practiced in tourism development in Indonesia. Coping stress is an individual response as an effort that can be made to obtain peace and inner peace against the type of stress experienced. This study uses a systematic literature review approach. There are two important findings in this study, first, coping with stress through the trend of "healing" is included in the type of emotion focused coping, which is a conscious adjustment. Second, "healing" activities which are carried out in the form of fun and calming activities such as nature tourism, culinary tourism, cultural tourism and special interest tourism. Optimizing stress coping strategies through tourism is an important step that can be taken to support the achievement of individual well-being which can develop interest in tourism visits in Indonesia
A Prospective Clinical and Ultrasounic Assessment of Urinary Litholytic Activity of Cynodon Dactylon Aqueous Extract
Authors: Kamoona Karrar , Jabbar Fadhid Abdul , Kadhim Hussein Abdul , Majeed Sahar A.
Published: April 2023

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the common health problems which endanger renal function due to ureteral obstruction and hydro nephrosis.
Objective: to assess activity of C. dactylon in dissolving urinary stone in comparison with stander drugs.
Methodology: As atrial of augmenting litholytic activity of the commonly used drugs a 20 male patients were divided into two equal groups one is control and taking amoxicillin, bicarbonate and diclofenac the second one is test group taking extract of Cynodon dactylon in addition to these agents. All patients monitored with clinical and ultrasonic findings.
Result: The results showed that 90% improvement in clinical and ultrasonic parameters noticed in test group in comparison with only 70% improvement in control group. This was statistically significant by chi square test at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. dactylon showed a significant improvement in prognosis of lower ureteric stones based on clinical and ultrasound findings.
Recommendation: further follow up of larger test samples of patients with lower ureteric stones is mandatory for accurate evaluation of litholytic activity of C. dactylon.
Knowledge of Students Toward Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Practice at High School Nursing in Basra City
Authors: Ebrahim Samira Muhammed
Published: April 2023

Background: Breast cancer is a life threatening disease that can affect women's sense of self-esteem, her sexuality. Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Breast self-examination (BSE) makes women more "breast aware", which in turn may lead to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer.
Objectives: The study aims to assess the knowledge of students at the high nursing school about the risk factors and early symptoms for breast cancer. To identify the students' knowledge about Breast Self- Examination. And to assess the practice of students for BSE.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at the high school of nursing in Basra city during December 2012. The study sample included 210 students. Self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information about socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of students about risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer, breast self-examination knowledge, and BSE practice.
Results: More than half of the students had were a poor knowledge about breast cancer risk factors and presentations, only (15.7%) had a good knowledge. It was reported (79.5%) of them she know that the exposure to radiation is a main risk factor. While (76.7%) of the sample agree that family history one of the reasons for breast cancer. In addition (67.6 %) of the sample did not agree that breast cancer can happen with women who never breastfed a child. High school of nursing students had insufficient knowledge about breast self-examination and the main source of information was the media as reported by (36.3%) of the students, (32.9%) of the students mentioned that breast self-examination should be practiced monthly, (55.2%) of them knew the right way to carry out breast self-examination. Regarding BSE practice (14.8%) of students reported that they had performed breast self-examination monthly. The most common reason for not doing breast self- examination was (not knowing how to perform it) as reported by (31.4%) of the participants followed by having no symptoms (29.9%). There was a significant relation between breast self-examination practice and knowledge about breast cancer and knowledge about breast self- examination.
Conclusions: Nursing students have poor knowledge of breast cancer and its associated risk factors. Students were not also so familiar with practicing BSE.
Recommendations: 1- Construct course teaching and practical program for the students in course curriculum to increase their knowledge about breast cancer, and BSE.
2- Schedule visiting to BSE center for the students and their teachers to increase their knowledge and skills in examination of the breast and to encourage them for practicing BSE
Patients' Health Related Quality Of Life After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Baghdad City.
Authors: Mousa Ayad Majid , Hassan Huda Baqer
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The study aims to assess the patients' health related quality of life and find out the association between the gender, age, marital status, educational level, employment, body mass index, severity of disease vessels, and number of implanted stents with health related quality of life.
Methodology: descriptive study design is starting in October / 2nd. /2012 to the 30th/  July/ 2013 was carried out at Iraqi center for heart diseases, Ibn Al-Nafees for cardiac surgery hospital and Ibn- Al-Betar specialist center for cardiac surgery in Baghdad City. purposive (non probability) sample consist of 100 patients collected through interview method by using questionnaires composed of two parts, first part composed of demographic and medical history data and second part includes short form 12 item health survey scale to measure health related quality of life. Reliability of the questionnaires was determine by calculating Cronbach s' Coefficient alpha = .882. Descriptive data analysis was done through frequency, percentage mean, standard deviation and relative sufficiency and inferential data analysis was done by contingency coefficient.
Results: The results of the present study revealed  that the patients have low level in quality of life  for the general health and vitality domains, moderate level in quality of life for physical function, bodily pain and mental health domains, and high level in quality of life for role physical, role emotional and social health domains after percutaneous coronary intervention, and the findings revealed there were significant association between age and physical function and role physical; marital status and general health, bodily pain and vitality; level of education and general health at P-0.05 value.
Recommendations: According to present findings the researcher recommends to prepare educational program related to quality of life domains for patients after PCI .
Assessment of Adult Patients Satisfaction with the Nursing Care in the Public Teaching Hospitals of Mosul City
Authors: Mukhlif Hanaa Hussein
Published: April 2023

Background: Patients have the right to expect quality of care. Patient satisfaction with nursing care is considered an important factor in explaining patients' perceptions of service quality, and a sound rationale for making the organization and delivery of health care responsive to consumer (client) opinion.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the adult patients satisfaction about the nursing care in the public teaching hospitals of Mosul city.
Methodology: A descriptive designed was carried-out in 1st of November 2012 through the 1st April 2013, and conduct in four hospitals in the Mosul city (Ibn-Sina, Al-Jamhory, Al-Salam, and Al-Kanssa teaching hospitals). A random sample was used for selecting (418) participation, and consisted of (160) male and (258) female. The questionnaire research which correct by the (8) experts, and used the Coefficient Correlation for questionnaire items showed that the reliability of the questionnaire which was (r = 0.88), the data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that include (frequency, and percentage), and application of inferential statistical analysis that include (Analysis of variance).
Results: The study had revealed that an age group (21-30 years) represent the greater percentage of the sample which constitutes (30.9%) of the patients, and the percentage of dissatisfaction was (60%, 53%, 58%, 51%) in Ibn-Sina, Al-Jamhory, Al-Salam, and Al-Kanssa teaching hospitals respectively, and found a significant association between patient satisfaction and (age, number of days stay in hospital, and previous admission to hospital).
Conclusions: The study concluded that most of the patients are dissatisfied with the nursing care in hospitals, and patient satisfaction was influenced by the age of the patient and days of stay in the hospital, also if patient has a previous admission to the hospital).
Recommendation: The present study recommended the development the communication skills between nurses and patient to providing high quality of nursing care and completely patient satisfaction. Working to improve nursing care services by using guidelines in hospitals to measuring patient satisfaction
Audiological profile in diabetic patients
Authors: Hussein Dawood Salman , Saddam Rasheed , Naser Naser Edan
Published: April 2023

Background: The auditory system is a potential target of the damaging effect of diabetes mellitus.
Objective: To assess the clinical impact of diabetes mellitus on hearing.
Methodology: This is a case control study in which we assess the hearing of 60 diabetic patients of both types (type 1 and type 2 diabetes) regarding (age, gender, type, duration and control) of diabetes mellitus and compare it with 60 normal (age and gender match) control group. Thorough history and full ENT examination done for both diabetic patients and control group to exclude those with other causes of sensorineural hearing loss. Pure tone audiometry were done for all patients and normal control group and (5cc) of blood were taken of diabetic patients for assessment of HbA1c level.
Results: This study shows that there is significant increase (p value <0.00004) of prevalence sensorineural hearingloss among diabetic patient compared with normal (age and gender match) control group. The sensorineural hearing loss was mostly for high frequency (P value at 4000Hz was Ë‚0.0001 which is significant), and the loss isproportionate with the duration of diabetes and is more in uncontrolled diabetes than controlled group (according to their HbA1c level) and the P value was 0.0082 (significant). There is no significant effect of type of diabetesmellitus on hearing loss (P value was 0.4526 which is not significant).
Conclusion: High frequency sensorineural hearing impairment is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus.
Recommendation: regular hearing assessment being a part of follow up program of diabetic patients.
Detection Of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Sequence (MMTVLike Sequence) In The Breast Cancer Of Iraqi Women Samples By Nested PCR.
Authors: Al-janabi Asaad , Nazar Ahmed Mohammed Ali , Tarish Hashim Raheem
Published: April 2023

Background: Since the discovery of MMTV in the high cancer strains of mice capable of initiating mammary tumors, and its subsequent identification as a B-type RNA virus, several evidence has been accumulated supporting the attractive hypothesis that a similar agent is associated with human breast cancer. The current study conducted to detection the MMTV-LIKE SEQUENCE (MMTV-like virus) by nested PCR.
Objectives: molecular detection of a virus-like MMTV in the breast cancer of Iraqi women.
Methodology: The current study tested breast cancer FFPT specimens of Iraqi women, which collected in AL-Sader teaching hospital histopathology and neoplasm units , and several privet histopathology labs in AL-Najaf province, the specimens were stored for the years (2008,2009,2010 and 2011). The specimens were included of BC 54, fibroadenoma 21, mastitis 18, and ductectesia 19 samples. The samples classified to age groups, the most agegroup was 36-45 (42.57%). This study was conducted at the MSMC/Tisch cancer institute/NY/USA because theMMTV-LIKE SEQUENCE (MMTV-like virus) primers manufactured by them, and the primers were very important in the molecular techniques. The FFPT passed through the pathology lab /MSMC, for recasting and sectioning for nested PCR protocol and Hematoxylin and eosin staining to confirm the diagnosis. The DNA extraction was started in the FFPT which were tested for quantity and quality by Nanodrop system and Î²-glubine PCR respectively.
Results: The findings of the MMTV-LIKE SEQUENCE-env gene appeared as following percentages: BC 57.89% (22 of 38), fibroadenoma 22.22% (4 of 18), and mastitis 7.14% (1 of 14) there was a highly significant difference (p<0.001). There was a highly significant ( p<0.001) of The MMTV-LIKE SEQUENCE PCR results according to the age groups.
Conclusions: presence of MMTV-like virus in the breast cancer of Iraqi women.
Recommendations: the modern techniques should be dependent in the molecular detection as it find in the worldlabs, for example the test of extracted nucleic acid by quantity and quality and then start the molecular detectionafter doing of definite math measurements.
Assessment Of Hemodialysis Patient's Compliance To The Treatment And Follow Up In Baghdad Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Al-Ani Batool A. Jaddoue , Mahmood Fatma Makee
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The Study aims to identify the hemodialysis patients' compliance about the treatment and follow upin Baghdad Teaching Hospitals.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in five teaching hospitals in Baghdad City in 15/5/2012 to 15/8/ 2013 to achieve the objectives of the study, A non probability (purposive) sample of 200 cases which consists of patient with ESRD who are admitted to the dialysis centers at AL-Kadhmia, AL-Yarmok, AL-Kindey, AL-Karama, and Baghdad Teaching hospitals were selected, with their ages between 18 to less than 70 years old. And under hemodialysis treatment not less than 6 mouths. A questioner's format was used for data collection. The validity of questioner was estimated through a penal of experts related to the field of study, and its reliability was estimated through test/retest method which was estimated as average (r=0.89). Data was gathered by interview technique using the questionnaires format and data was analyzed by application of descriptive and inferential statistical By using SPSS version.
Results: The results of the study indicated that (54.0%) of sample were males and most of them were range between (30-39) years old, (54%0) of them were single , while (28%) of them were married. Also the study indicated that (39%) of sample were housewife, (54 %) of them were under secondary school graduation, and (48%) of them the monthly income is not sufficient. Moreover the study indicated that (58%) of them had medical history less than five years in hemodialysis, and half of them done hemodialysis for three times per week, (75.5%) of them for four hours in each session.
Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that most of them compliance to the treatment and not compliance to the follow up.
Recommendation: The study recommends conducting and improving national programs of hemodialysis in Iraq, and the necessity of conducting other researchers in the field of Hemodialysis patients.