bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the quality and reliability of clinical reviews of psychotropic PRN medicines in a large English mental health Trust
Authors: Innes James , Ugochukwu Uju , Trenholm Julie , Boswell Leo
Published: February 2025

Background

Psychotropic medicines are commonly prescribed as when required (PRN) prescriptions for inpatients for anxiety, insomnia or as part of a strategy to de-escalate situations that may lead to violence and aggression. While these medicines can provide benefit, safeguards need to be in place to ensure they are regularly reviewed and not overused.

Aim and methodology

To (1) establish baseline practice around the clinical review of psychotropic PRN medicines for inpatients and (2) improve clinical practice around the clinical review of PRN medicines from baseline and the end of the improvement programme.

Centrally coordinated, locally driven, improvement programme taking place over a 5-month period between February and June 2024. The programme employed a learning system approach to enable doctors to test change ideas and share areas of good practice as they sought to understand the problem, test different approaches and focus on holding the gains.

Findings

21 wards participated and at an aggregate level achieved both aims with the recording of clinical reviews in the notes increasing from 89% to 90% and the quality of what was recorded in the notes increasing from 51% to 72%. There were signs of increased adjustments to psychotropic PRN medicines during the programme and in some wards decreased rates of psychotropic PRN administration to patients. However, while overall levels of psychotropic PRN medicine administration benchmarked lower than those reported in other studies, there were significant differences in clinical reviews, prescription and administration rates between a group of wards that fully engaged and partially engaged in the improvement programme.

Conclusions

Employing a learning system approach helped create a context suitable for improvement and led to improvements in the review of psychotropic PRN medicines. Exploring the variation between wards in fully engaged and partially engaged groups of wards could be a next step for the Trust.
Scoping review identifying interventions that have been tested to optimise the experience of people from ethnic minority groups receiving systemic anticancer therapy (SACT)
Authors: McLean Jurga , Chambers Pinkie , Steventon Luke , Cruickshank Susanne , Nabhani-Gebara Shereen
Published: February 2025

Background

Disparities have been identified in many aspects of the cancer care pathway for people from minority ethnic groups (MEGs). Adherence to systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs) has been shown to impact morbidity and mortality, and therefore, inequitable experiences can have a detrimental effect on outcomes.

Objectives

To identify interventions that focused on improving the experiences and clinical outcomes in people from MEG receiving SACT treatments.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to map the available literature. A comprehensive search was performed using three electronic databases (Medline, Embase and CINAHL). Standard scoping review methodology following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was used. Studies were included that assessed interventions to improve MEG patients’ experience with SACT. Study types included in the review were evaluation studies, randomised/non-randomised controlled trials and all observational studies. Exclusion criteria were applied to studies including opinion pieces, literature and systematic reviews, non-English studies, conference abstracts and studies that were not describing an intervention. Independent duplicate screening, study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken. Results of the studies were synthesised using a published equity framework.

Results

Searches yielded 1356 articles. Nine studies were included after exclusion criteria were applied. Studies described six digital, two in-person and one hybrid intervention employing different research methodologies, ranging from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), feasibility studies and mixed methods studies. The majority of interventions in this study were delivered remotely, using digital platforms such as websites, recorded educational training materials as well as social media. These interventions were conducted in the USA and primarily targeted patients with early breast cancer from African American backgrounds.

Conclusions

This scoping review showed that there has been a very small number of studies investigating interventions to optimise SACT treatment experiences in people from MEG. We found evidence of interventions incorporating the equity domains that reported improved patient engagement and experience. This new knowledge will help to implement future SACT interventions, addressing health inequities across the cancer continuum.
Periodontal disease and cirrhosis: current concepts and future prospects
Authors: Hudson David , Ayares Gustavo , Taboun Zahra , Malhi Gurpreet , Idalsoaga Francisco , Mortuza Rokhsana , Souyet Maite , Ramirez-Cadiz Carolina , Díaz Luis Antonio , Arrese Marco , Arab Juan Pablo
Published: February 2025

Periodontal diseases are prevalent among the general population and are associated with several systemic conditions, such as chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis have also been linked with periodontal disease, an association with complex underlying mechanisms, and with potential prognostic implications. Multiple factors can explain this relevant association, including nutritional factors, alcohol consumption, disruption of the oral-gut-liver axis and associated dysbiosis. Additionally, patients with liver disease have been observed to exhibit poorer oral hygiene practices compared with the general population, potentially predisposing them to the development of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is recommended that all patients with liver disease undergo screening and subsequent treatment for periodontal disease. Treatment of periodontal disease in patients with cirrhosis may help reduce liver-derived inflammatory damage, with recent research indicating a potential benefit in terms of reduced mortality. However, further studies on periodontal disease treatment in patients with liver disease are still warranted to determine optimal management strategies. This narrative review describes current concepts on the association between periodontal disease and chronic liver disease.
Findings from a social media listening study on Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease: a content analysis
Authors: Zhi Nan , Zhang Yongtian , Cao Wenwei , Xiao Jinwen , Li Jianping , Li Haixia , Xie Xinyi , Ren Rujing , Geng Jieli , Wang Gang
Published: February 2025

Background

Social media listening is a new approach for gathering insights from social media platforms about users’ experiences. This approach has not been applied to analyse discussions about Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in China.

Aims

We aimed to leverage multisource Chinese data to gain deeper insights into the current state of the daily management of Chinese patients with AD and the burdens faced by their caregivers.

Methods

We searched nine mainstream public online platforms in China from September 2010 to March 2024. Natural language processing tools were used to identify patients and caregivers, and categorise patients by disease stage for further analysis. We analysed the current state of patient daily management, including diagnosis and treatment, choice of treatment scenarios, patient safety and caregiver concerns.

Results

A total of 1211 patients with AD (66% female, 82% aged 60–90) and 756 caregivers for patients with AD were identified from 107 556 online sources. Most patients were derived from online consultation platforms (43%), followed by bulletin board system platforms (24%). Among the patients categorised into specific disease stages (n=382), 42% were in the moderate stage. The most frequent diagnostic tools included medical history (97%) and symptoms (84%). Treatment options for patients with AD primarily included cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists and antipsychotics. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of patients who experienced wandering (n=92) indicated a higher incidence of wandering during the moderate stage of the disease. Most caregivers were family members, with their primary concerns focusing on disease management and treatment (90%), followed by daily life care (37%) and psychosocial support (25%).

Conclusions

Online platform data provide a broad spectrum of real-world insights into individuals affected by AD in China. This study enhances our understanding of the experiences of patients with AD and their caregivers, providing guidance for developing personalised interventions, providing advice for caregivers and improving care for patients with AD.
Singaporean attitudes to cognitive enhancement: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Haining Casey M , Toh Hui Jin , Savulescu Julian , Schaefer G Owen
Published: February 2025

Recent developments in genetic technologies have provided prospective parents with increasing opportunities to influence their future child’s phenotype. This study aimed to understand public attitudes towards gene-based technologies and services, with a particular focus on improving educational outcomes. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a Singaporean population (n=1438), adapting a survey instrument previously used in the US context. Our results suggested that Singaporeans had a greater moral acceptance of, and willingness to use, genetic technologies and services compared with the US population. Among the technologies examined, the use of polygenic embryo screening was considered more acceptable than gene editing. While these public attitudes show some support for the use of these technologies, further research and consultation among multiple stakeholder groups is necessary to determine whether such technology should be used and how it should be regulated.
TESTATE STI project: an online chlamydia and gonorrhoea self-sampling strategy for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and trans people in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Martínez-Riveros Héctor , Gonzalez Soler Victoria , Díaz Yesika , Montoro-Fernandez Marcos , Fernandez-Rivas Gema , Pericas Carles , Palma David , Villar Marta , Adell Héctor , Gonzalez Quiles Héctor , Cortés Javier Sotomayor , Gomez Silvia , Ramirez Marinero Aida , Romano-de Gea Pol , Muntada Esteve , Casabona Jordi , Agusti Cristina
Published: February 2025

Objectives

TESTATE STI is an online offer of self-sampling kits (SSKs) for the detection ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender people (TG) in Catalonia. The aims of this study are: 1) to develop and evaluate the effectiveness, satisfaction and willingness of a pilot online intervention that includes the offer of SSKs for CT/NG screening with online consultation of subsequent results and (2) to analyse its potential as an effective strategy to encourage diagnosis, linkage to treatment and to describe contact notification by participants with a positive diagnosis.

Methods

The distribution of SSKs, which included a urine collection tube, a pharyngeal and a rectal swab, was conducted through two recruitment strategies: autonomously via social media and GBMSM or TG leisure spaces, or accompanied by community-based organisations. Participants completed a socio-demographic, biobehavioural and satisfaction survey.

Results

A total of 386 kits were tested in the laboratory. The estimated positivity rate for having at least one STI was 20.7%. TESTATE STI indicates that approximately 90.0% of positive participants were extragenital. 81.0% of positive cases were linked to the health system, and 96.9% of those were treated. We estimate that five kits must be performed to detect a positive CT/NG with the TESTATE STI intervention. Almost all participants (98.8%) would recommend taking the chlamydia and gonorrhoea self-sampling with TESTATE STI.

Conclusion

The TESTATE STI project concluded that the deployment of SSKs for the detection of CT/NG is a viable and feasible strategy for GBMSM and TG in Catalonia. TESTATE STI is an effective strategy for encouraging diagnosis, treatment linkage and contact notification. Implementing TESTATE STI would increase access to confidential testing and promote early STI detection.
Systematic review exploring the burden of sexually transmissible infections and bloodborne viruses in refugees and asylum seekers: insights to inform policy and practice
Authors: Shiferaw Wondimeneh , Martin Beatris Mario , Dean Judith Ann , Koh Kenneth , Mills Deborah , Lau Colleen , Furuya-Kanamori Luis
Published: February 2025

Background

In 2022, the number of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) have reached an all-time high of 40.7 million globally. The surge in RAS, coupled with their limited access to healthcare (at their home and destination countries), has led to the risk of transmitting/acquiring sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and bloodborne viruses (BBVs). This situation threatens the health of RAS and poses a public health challenge to destination countries, potentially placing a burden on healthcare systems and resources. Healthcare recommendations for screening programmes for RAS vary between countries, leading to disparities in STI/BBV screening practices on arrival. These disparities can impact early detection and treatment of STIs/BBVs, increasing the risk of onward transmission and long-term negative sequelae. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with STIs/BBVs among RAS.

Methods

Six databases (ie, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL) were searched for observational studies reporting STIs/BBVs prevalence and/or risk factors among RAS. The inverse variance heterogeneity model with double arcsine transformation was applied to prevalence meta-analysis of STIs/BBVs by region of origin of RAS. Narrative data synthesis was undertaken to summarise risk factors associated with STIs/BBVs.

Results

A total of 21 studies (n=504 432 RAS) were included. Most studies were conducted among RAS arriving in Europe (n=14), followed by North America (n=5) and Australia (n=2). The highest prevalence of HIV (1.55%; 95% CI 0.53 to 3.04), syphilis (1.29%; 95% CI 0.59 to 2.24) and hepatitis B (6.50%; 95% CI 2.29 to 12.46) were observed among RAS from sub-Saharan Africa. The highest prevalence of hepatitis C was found in RAS from Southeast Asia (3.96%; 95% CI 2.74 to 5.38) and North Africa (3.59%; 95% CI 1.33 to 6.79). The highest prevalence of chlamydia was reported among RAS from the Middle East (1.48%; 95% CI 0.00 to 4.73) and Eastern Europe (1.40%; 95% CI 0.38 to 4.96). History of STIs, torture, blood transfusion and African origin were identified as factors associated with increased prevalence of STIs/BBVs.

Conclusions

This study underscores the regional disparities in the burden of STIs/BBVs among RAS. These findings highlight the importance of targeted screening for STIs/BBVs based on the country/region of origin and individual risk factors, and implementation of mitigation measures (eg, improving healthcare access and raising awareness) tailored to their unique needs. Such measures are crucial for reducing the impact of STIs/BBVs in both RAS and host countries.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024546750.
Fragility analysis of buried continuous pipelines under normal faulting through analytical solution combining with machine learning technique
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Ni Pengpeng
Published: February 2025

Crossing major active faults is often unavoidable for pipelines in earthquake-prone regions. This study explores a finite difference analytical solution for continuous pipelines subjected to normal faulting. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the calculated results with the data from centrifuge and full-scale laboratory tests. Combining with the Lasso regression machine learning technique, multi-parameter probabilistic risk assessment of pipelines can be performed to generate fragility curves. Probability density function (PDF) curves of normalized location of pipe failure are also computed. Results show that pipelines with a larger pipe wall thickness and a smaller pipe diameter buried at a shallower depth in soils with a lower elastic modulus are less prone to failure. The dominant failure mode of pipelines transits from local buckling to tensile strain, depending on the exceedance of critical diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio and burial depth. Greater attention should be placed on the failure mode of local buckling, and the normalized location of pipe failure moves away from the fault plane, when a shallow burial depth is selected. The fragility relations help to understand the relative vulnerability of pipelines with different parameters, and provide implications for the design and repair of pipelines in seismic-prone regions.
Organic chromium supplementation in the diet of three porcine genotypes with different growth potential: effects on growth, metabolites, hormones and carcass traits
Authors: Domínguez-Vara Ignacio Arturo , Falcon-Martínez Jovita , Pescador Nazario , Trujillo-Gutierrez Daniel , Bórquez-Gastelum José Luis , Sanchez-Torres Juan Edrei , Morales-Almaraz Ernesto , Mondragón-Ancelmo Jaime , Rodríguez-Gaxiola Miguel A , Velázquez-Garduño Gisela , Grigioni Gabriela , Grageola Núñez Fernando
Published: February 2025

Chromium (Cr) potentiates insulin, influences the weight gain composition and carcass through changes in metabolites and hormones. The aim was to analyze the performance, carcasses, metabolites and hormones of three porcine genotypes, G1=Mexican Hairless (MH) x Yorkshire, G2=Asian x MH and G3=Asian x Yorkshire, males and females with dietary Cr-L Methionine (Cr-Met) (0.250 mg kg-1 DM). The experimental design was completely randomized factorial (3-genotypes x 2-sex x 2-Cr levels). The fattening with 84 pigs, live weight (LW)=20.65±0.68 kg, lasted 126 days, and were slaughtered. Thirty-six pigs were sampled to analyze metabolites and hormones in blood. The G1 ingested more (P=0.04) total and daily dry matter (DMTI, DDMI). G2 and G3, and Cr-Met improved daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) (P=0.05). Cr-Met reduced glucose (P=0.05). Genotype, sex and Cr-Met did not affect hormone levels (P>0.05). G3 and Cr-Met increased HCW and CCW; Cr-Met reduced back fat (BF) (P=0.05). We concluded that G2 and G3 had better DWG and FC; Cr-Met improved DWG and FC. Cholesterol was different between genotypes and sexes; Cr-Met reduced the glucose level. The levels of hormones were similar. The HCW and CCW of G2 and G3, sows and Cr-Met were higher; Cr-Met reduced the BF12thR.
Uncertainty-based reliability analysis of cutters via improved Bayesian prior distribution
Authors: Cheng Taotao , Wang Xu , Liu Xintian , Wang JinGang
Published: February 2025

The analysis of product reliability is crucial across various applications. Traditional probabilistic statistical methods often exhibit significant inaccuracies, particularly for estimating distribution function parameters from small sample data. An improved Bayesian prior determination method using error bootstrap is proposed to address these issues. This method extends the sampling range by considering small samples and expanding virtual samples, thereby reducing parameter uncertainty and enhancing the accuracy of Bayesian priors. The proposed method demonstrates advantages in parameter estimation under small sample conditions. Application to machining cutters parameter estimation has shown improved accuracy and reliability assessment precision. This study contributes to enhancing product reliability, increasing equipment utilization, and maximizing economic benefits.
High-intensity femtosecond laser irradiation experiments on polymer targets doped with gold nanorods
Authors: Kedves Miklós Á. , Aladi Márk
Published: February 2025

High-intensity femtosecond laser irradiation experiments have been carried out on polymer targets doped with gold nanorods in order to study the occurrence of resonant plasmon field enhancement in the course of ion acceleration. The motivation is the exploitation of the resonant plasmonic effect for increasing the nuclear fusion rate in suitable targets, pursued by the Nanoplasmonic Laser Induced Fusion Experiment project in Hungary. Various aspects of the interactions have been investigated experimentally using the laser laboratory facilities of the Wigner as well as the ELI-ALPS research centers. Different target compositions and structures have been studied and numerous diagnostic techniques have been applied to detect the interaction products. A brief summary of the experimental procedures is presented, with special attention to the laser pulse temporal contrast as an important parameter. Besides, references to some recent results are given and future plans are discussed.
Molten Sodium Batteries Operating at Intermediate Temperatures: Materials, Enhancements, and Performance
Authors: Kattelman Jake , Moon Jeremy , Chidambaram Dev
Published: February 2025

Renewable energy systems will need large-scale energy storage to ensure reliability and provide power when and where it is needed. Even though lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used for large-scale storage, their costs and competition in terms of materials needed for electric vehicles are driving the need for alternative batteries for stationary energy storage systems. Molten sodium-ion batteries that operate at intermediate temperatures, approximately 150 °C or less, offer an abundant and cost-effective solution to our energy storage issues. This review paper highlights the materials, enhancements, and performance of molten Na–ion batteries that operate at temperatures at or below 150 °C for use in energy storage systems as well as an outlook on future improvements for this energy storage system.
Computational insights into the catalytic activity of two-dimensional Janus WSO for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Rajan Anju , Chatanathodi Raghu
Published: February 2025

Janus two-dimensional materials have been synthesized and several of their applications as electronic and optical properties already studied in detail. In this study, we utilized density functional theory to computationally model janus WSO, which is derived from replacing a sulfur layer with oxygen in the parent two-dimensional material WS2. Our findings reveal that janus WSO is a p-type semiconductor with an indirect band gap. We also investigated its catalytic behaviour for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by calculating the free energy change for hydrogen evolution. Similar to other two-dimensional materials, the janus WSO basal plane does not show significant HER activity; however, the defective material exhibits enhanced activity. We delved into the formation of single and multiple defect structures due to sulfur and oxygen vacancies and compared their HER activities. Our calculations demonstrate that some of the defect structures exhibit the potential for nearly zero free energy change for HER. Furthermore, we explored the effects of increased hydrogen coverage on the material's activity. Our reaction pathway modeling indicates that HER occurs via the Heyrovsky mechanism. Janus WSO proves to be a promising HER catalyst, with natural intrinsic strain and vacancies synergistically contributing to its appreciable catalytic activity.
The evolution of steatosis and fibrosis in mice on a MASH-inducing diet and the effects of housing temperature
Authors: Blok Neil B. , Myronovych Andriy , McMahon Garrett , Bozadjieva-Kramer Nadejda , Seeley Randy J.
Published: February 2025

Background & Aims: Obesity induction in mice requires high-fat diet exposure. While hepatic steatosis develops, progression to inflammation and fibrosis, as in humans, requires prolonged exposure and additional dietary factors. Immunosuppression at room temperature may slow this progression. We evaluated thermoneutrality's effect on MASH development using a fibrosis-inducing MASH (GAN) diet.

Methods: Mice were fed either MASH or chow diet and housed at room temperature or thermoneutrality. MASH diet groups were sacrificed monthly from 4 to 7 months. Serum markers of hepatic function were analyzed, and liver histology assessed steatosis, inflammation, ballooning (NAS score), and fibrosis via Picrosirius Red staining.

Results: MASH diet increased body weight, liver-to-body mass ratio, and hepatic fat, with no difference between housing conditions. Housing temperature had minimal effects on MASH. Serum markers and hepatic fibrosis were similar across groups. NAS score was lower at 4 months in thermoneutral MASH mice but not by 7 months.

Conclusion: Thermoneutrality did not significantly impact MASH development. These findings, alongside existing literature, suggest thermoneutral housing does not consistently enhance MASH progression in GAN MASH-fed mice.
Exercise Pressor Reflex Function Is Augmented in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kim Han-Kyul , Estrada Juan , Fukazawa Ayumi , Hori Amane , Iwamoto Gary A. , Smith Scott A. , Mizuno Masaki , Vongpatanasin Wanpen
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular responses to exercise are exaggerated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Enhanced sympathetic activation is thought to play a role with the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), a reflex originating in contracting muscle, modulating this response. Previous studies suggest an overactive EPR in CKD patients as indicated by muscle sympathetic overactivation during static handgrip exercise. However, the role of the EPR could not be fully elucidated due to experimental constraints inherent to humans. The purpose of this study was to specifically test EPR function in a CKD animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a diet containing 0.25% adenine to induce CKD or a control diet. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to activation of the EPR, including its functional components, the mechanoreflex and metaboreflex, were assessed in decerebrate, unanesthetized animals after feeding 10 to 14 weeks. Plasma creatinine was significantly higher in CKD rats compare to controls (1.80±0.78 vs. 0.34±0.02 mg·dl-1, P = 0.017). MAP and RSNA responses to muscle contraction (i.e., EPR activation) were potentiated in CKD rats compared to controls (Δ=36±19 vs. 17±8 mmHg, P = 0.014 and Δ=159±62 vs. 64±54 %, P = 0.004, respectively). Similarly, the pressor and sympathetic responses to passive muscle stretch (i.e., mechanoreflex stimulation) were significantly higher in CKD than in control animals. Intraarterial capsaicin administration (i.e., metaboreflex activation) induced an augmented pressor response in CKD rats, compared with controls. Our findings suggest that the EPR, stimulated by the mechano- and metaboreflex, is exaggerated in CKD.
Multilayer Collaborative Optimization for the System Configuration, Operation, and Maintenance of Smart Community Microgrids
Authors: Liu Jiangshan , Zhou Qi , Bi Youyi
Published: February 2025

Smart community microgrids are capable of efficiently addressing the energy and environmental challenges faced by cities. However, the inherent instability of renewable energy sources and the diverse nature of user demands pose challenges to the safe operation of community power systems. In this article, we first introduce a comprehensive system architecture, and an operational framework based on Energy Internet of Things (EIoT), which considers system‐level safety, reliability, and cost‐effectiveness, thereby enhancing the system’s coordination and performance. Next, we propose a bi‐level coordinated optimization method based on the users’ electricity consumption behaviors. At the planning level, we employ a multiobjective optimization approach to determine the most suitable microgrid configurations that cater to the requirements of various user groups, and the results derived from adaptive weight particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are fed back to the operational level. At the operational level, a 24‐h time scale is selected, and the economic efficiency problem is addressed using a linear programming method. The operational decision results are then fed back to the planning level for major maintenance of the microgrid system. Meanwhile, we employ trend prediction methods to categorize maintenance tasks into short‐term and long‐term operations based on an analysis of daily operational data. The short‐term prediction results can serve as a reference to guide daily short‐term operations and maintenance tasks, while the long‐term prediction results can inform renovation and reconstruction initiatives for community microgrid. Finally, we choose a community as the subject of our study, and the results indicate that our research can provide new methods for the design and operation of microgrid in smart communities, thereby improving the scalability of the community’s power system.
Supplementary figure 8 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaew Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figure 8
Supplementary figure 17 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaew Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figure 17
Prevalence of migraine and other types of primary headache in China: a system review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Changling , Chen Ning , Fang Jinghuan , Ma Mengmeng , He Peiqi , He Li
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Migraine and other types of primary headache are widely prevalent and are thought to have substantial economic implications on a global scale. Nevertheless, the precise prevalence rates in China exhibited discrepancies across various studies. The present study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of migraine and other primary headache disorders in China.
Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted in the Chinese Wanfang, CNKI, PubMed, and Medline databases from January 1988 to December 2023 to identify prevalence data on migraine and other primary headache disorders among the Chinese population, published in either English or Chinese language. The study utilized a random effects model to summarize pooled prevalence estimates, with subgroup analyses conducted based on sex, age, publication year, and geographical region.
Results: A total of 18 studies were included for detailed review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in China was found to be 6.1% (95% CI: 4.1-8.6%) and 13.4% (95% CI: 7.2-21.2%), respectively. The prevalence of migraine in the years 1988-1999 was 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1-1.5%), while the prevalence of TTH was 5.0% (95% CI: 4.5-5.4%). In contrast, the prevalence of migraine in the years 2000-2023 increased to 7.0% (95% CI: 4.9-9.4%), with TTH prevalence at 13.2% (95% CI: 7.1-20.8%). The weighted-pooled prevalence of both migraine and TTH were higher in females than in males. Subgroup analyses suggested that factors such as geographical region, age, sex, and publication year may be associated with the prevalence of these headache disorders. A single study encompassing 3,457,170 participants revealed a prevalence rate of 0.0068% for cluster headache.
Conclusion: Our research suggested an increasing trend in the prevalence of migraine and TTH in China over time, with females being more susceptible to primary headaches than males. This underscores the significance of not disregarding these conditions, especially in females. Future epidemiological studies of high quality are warranted to further investigate the prevalence of migraine and other primary headaches in China.
Rat hemolymph nodes provide a direct communication site for macrophages interacting with erythrocytes and mast cells
Authors: Yamada Manabu , Aizawa Emi , Dohi Akihiro , Sasaguri Kenichi , Yamamoto Toshiharu , Noguchi Tadahide
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Hemolymph nodes, characterized by erythrocyte rosettes, are found in humans and animals, including rats. The cytoarchitectural differences they share with lymph nodes and the spleen are unknown. Herein, we describe the cytoarchitecture of rat hemolymph nodes.
Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against CD68, Iba-1, CD3, CD20, and S-100. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to compare findings with sections from ordinary lymph nodes and spleen.
Results: Hemolymph nodes exhibited erythrocyte rosettes with macrophages immunopositive for CD68, Iba-1, and CD3, which were rare in the physiologically normal spleen and lymph nodes. Additionally, sinusoidal macrophages often showed close apposition to erythrocytes and mast cells. Accumulation of cells immunoreactive to CD20, a B-lymphocyte marker, was seen only in the germinal centers of ordinary lymph nodes, not in the hemolymph nodes or spleen. Ordinary lymph nodes and spleen showed well-developed reticular configurations of cells with immunoreactivity for S-100, a marker for dendritic cells, unlike hemolymph nodes, suggesting less-developed antigen-presenting ability in the latter. Despite similarities to ordinary lymph nodes and spleen, the direct contact with erythrocytes and mast cells in hemolymph nodes suggests they facilitate direct cell-to-cell communication for macrophages, erythrocytes, and mast cells.
Conclusion: Our findings imply that the hemolymph nodes are a unique immune organ, differing from ordinary lymph nodes and spleen.
Hypo-fractionated versus standard fractionation radiotherapy in frail and elderly patients with central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors.
Authors: Haisraely Ory , Jaffe Marcia , Taliansky Alisa , Cohen Zvi , Lawerence Yaakov
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors (cSFTs) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of CNS tumors. Treatment guidelines are limited, especially for frail or elderly patients. Gross total resection followed by radiotherapy is recommended for higher-grade cases, but the role of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF) versus standard fractionation (SF) in this population remains unclear. This study evaluates outcomes of HF compared to SF in frail patients with cSFT.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 51 frail patients (age >65, KPS <80) with cSFT treated from 2005–2023 was performed. Patients received either HF (21 patients) or SF (30 patients). Data extracted included demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, radiation regimens, and oncologic outcomes. Descriptive and survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier methods, with multivariable analysis via Cox regression models to assess factors influencing local control and overall survival.
Results:
The median follow-up was 19 months (11-55 months). HF regimens varied from 35–48 Gy in 10–15 fractions, while SF was predominantly 54–60 Gy in 28–30 fractions. Local control was achieved in 76.2% of HF and 80% of SF patients (p=0.154). No statistical difference in overall survival was observed between HF (18 months) and SF (18 months, p=0.54). Higher tumor grade (HR=3.5, p=0.021) and incomplete resection (HR=0.72, p=0.035) negatively impacted local control. KPS ≤50 was associated with reduced survival (HR=2.3, p=0.035).
Conclusions:
Hypofractionated radiotherapy appears feasible and safe for frail patients with cSFT, providing comparable outcomes to standard fractionation. The reduced treatment burden of HF may benefit patients with limited performance status. Further research is needed to guide optimal treatment approaches for this unique population.
Effectiveness of Triamcinolone Injections in Preventing Scar Deformity following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Pharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Yugo , Ito Shinji , Ishii Tsuyoshi , Oda Minoru , Hoteya Shu
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for superficial pharyngeal cancer. However, pharyngeal deformity caused by postoperative ulcer contraction is a major concern and can result in a poor quality of life. While local steroid injections have been shown to prevent strictures after ESD for esophageal cancer, their effectiveness in preventing deformities following ESD for pharyngeal cancer remains unclear. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old woman with superficial pharyngeal cancer in the left pyriform sinus underwent ESD. After ESD, 80 mg of triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the ulcer bed to prevent scar contracture. The patient experienced mild pharyngeal pain, which resolved within a few days. Histopathological examination confirmed the lesion was well-differentiated SCC, with negative resection margins and no lymphovascular invasion. Follow-up endoscopy at 6 weeks showed granulation tissue in the surgical wound, which completely healed without pharyngeal deformity by 14 weeks post-ESD. Conclusion: This case demonstrated that the injection of triamcinolone in an ulcer that developed after ESD may be an effective method of preventing pharyngeal deformity caused by scar contracture.
Stage migration in urological cancers in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: fact or fiction?
Authors: Bahlburg Henning , Rausch Patricia , Silberg Matteo , Tully Karl Heinrich , Berg Sebastian , Noldus Joachim , Butea-Bocu Marius Cristian , Beyer Burkhard , Müller Guido
Published: February 2025

Background:
The Covid-19 pandemic interrupted many aspects of health care, including cancer treatment. This study aims to assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tumor stage migration in the three most common urological malignancies.
Methods:
Patient and tumor characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation (IR) in one dedicated IR center in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (mid-pandemic) were retrospectively evaluated. The study focused on patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa), radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BCa), or (partial) nephrectomy for kidney cancer (KC).
Results
Overall, 9,039 patients (6,898 (76.3%) after RP, 1,427 (15.8%) after RC, 714 (7.9%) after (partial) nephrectomy) were enrolled. A significant decrease of PCa patients suffering from Gleason sum score ≥8 (17.6% vs. 20.5%, p=0.005) and lymph node metastases (10.9% vs. 13.0%; p=0.012) was observed. In BCa and KC patients, tumor stage distribution and abundance of lymph node metastases remained stable, while significantly more BCa patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (10.4% vs. 20.2%, p=0.001). Overall, a significant increase in robot assisted surgery across all investigated malignancies was detected.
Conclusions:
No stage migration could be detected across the three most common urological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic standards remained high, while oncological outcomes remained relatively unchanged.
Antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis in older subjects
Authors: Sølling Anne Sophie , Laursen Natasha Amran , Harsløf Torben , Langdahl Bente Lomholt
Published: February 2025

Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures and mortality, particularly in the elderly population. However, prescrib-ing antiresorptive medication to elderly patients with osteoporosis is complex. The benefit-risk ratio should be con-sidered for all patients but can be particularly challenging in older individuals due to factors like comorbidities, polypharmacy, fall risk, and potential rare side effects of long-term treatment.
We reviewed the efficacy and safety of antiresorptive treatments, including calcium and vitamin D supplementa-tion, in elderly patients by evaluating published trials, reviews, and meta-analyses. Our findings confirm that antire-sorptive treatment for osteoporosis is both effective and safe in the elderly population. One key challenge is ensur-ing compliance, which can be difficult for some elderly patients. In such cases, intravenously or subcutaneously administered antiresorptive treatment should be considered to improve adherence and overall treatment compli-ance.
Deciphering Perspectives: A European survey on clinical decision support tools for dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Umoh Ini , Xia Xin , Winblad Bengt , Aye Sandar , Aho Emil , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke F.M. , Jönsson Linus
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Technological advancements like digital monitoring tools, disease modifying therapies and artificial intelligence have been shown to improve the clinical management of neurocognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To enhance implementation in daily practice, users’ input is essential in the technology development process. This study aimed to determine clinician's perspective of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) in the management of dementia and AD.
Method: A survey was conducted targeting clinicians practicing in the field of dementia across Europe. A sixty-five-item digital questionnaire was administered, and opinions were enquired across the domains of diagnosis, disease modifying therapy and prognosis, including factors that affect tool implementation and utilization.
Results: Eighty-four clinicians (including specialist physicians, psychologists and nurses) responded to this survey, and more than 50% had no knowledge or experience with CDSS. Most of the respondents reported the ability to predict the likelihood of AD as the most important diagnostic function. It was surprising to find the middling responses for the ability to predict amyloid positivity. The majority indicated assessment of treatment eligibility for disease-modifying therapy as vital, and the ability to predict cognitive and functional decline as the most important prognostic functions. Data accuracy and ease of use were noted as most necessary to facilitate CDSS adoption and implementation.
Conclusion: Findings from this study contribute to the future development of CDSS in this field, especially regarding the approval and imminent use of disease modifying therapies, a comprehensive tool that is precise and user friendly would improve clinical decisions and efficiency.
Bullous Vasculitis in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report
Authors: Phumwiriya Tiraporn , Leeyaphan Charussri
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting small- and medium-sized vessels. It is characterized by multi-organ involvement and can lead to severe outcomes if not diagnosed promptly. Cutaneous manifestations are common and typically include palpable purpura and subcutaneous nodules. Widespraed bullous vasculitis affecting areas such as the forehead and ear, presents an atypical presentation. We report a case of EGPA presenting with bullous vasculitis in an unusual location. Case presentation: A 40-year-old woman with a history of late-onset allergic rhinitis presented with a 2-week history of numbness in her right leg, along with multiple erythematous papules and vesicles, some with shallow erosions, located on the forehead and left ear. She also experienced fever, progressive dyspnea, and hemoptysis. She was diagnosed with pneumonitis, alveolar hemorrhage and mononeuritis of the right leg. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia, and the anti-myeloperoxidase antibody was positive. Histopathological examination of the bullous lesion on the forehead showed intraepidermal separation with necrotic keratinocytes and prominent eosinophil infiltration, along with focal leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with EGPA and started on intravenous steroids and cyclophosphamide. EGPA is a rare disease characterized by multi-organ vasculitis, asthma, and granulomatous eosinophilic inflammation, which are its key hallmarks. While cutaneous involvement is common, bullous vasculitis is rarely observed on the forehead and ear. Conclusions: EGPA is a challenging diagnosis due to its variable presentation. While cutaneous manifestations are common but widespread bullous vasculitis may be atypical and rare clinical presentation. This case underscores the importance of considering EGPA in the differential diagnosis of bullous vasculitis, particularly when associated with systemic symptoms and eosinophilia. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in this potentially life-threatening condition.
Involvement of the AVP/OT system and lateral septum in the modulation of anxiety/depression caused by 14-week and 20-week social isolation
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Weizheng , Bai Yuting , Fu Rui , Lin Miao , Li Jialong , Nie Liangteng , Dang Xiaohui , Wang Qiao , Zhu Yunmeng , Li Lu , Guo Xing , Zhang Lizi , Qu Yishan , Huang Kaizhe , Han Xiao , Shang Shufeng , Xiao Jiayu , Li Yin , Huang Caihong , Jia Rui , He Zhixiong , Tai Fadao
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Chronic social isolation (CSI) stress leads to numerous maladaptive changes in physiology and psychology, however, very little is known about the effects of longer time-scale CSI and there are divergent views regarding the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to elucidate the common neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the maladaptive changes caused by 14-week (14wk-) and 20-week (20wk-) CSI. Methods: We investigated the impacts of 14wk- and 20wk- CSI on anxiety/depression-like behaviors in male C57BL/6N mice with classical behavioral tests, and the immunofluorescence method was used for quantification of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)/Oxytocin (OT) positive neurons in the PVN and screening out the differential activation brain regions (DABrs) on exposure of tail suspension. The expression of Avpr1a and Oxtr in the lateral septum dorsal (LSD) was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), and the function of LSD Avpr1a+/+ neurons in emotion regulation was verified with pharmacological approaches. The concentration of AVP/OT in plasma was examined with the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: 14wk- and 20wk- CSI increased anxiety/depression-like behaviors and altered levels of exploratory locomotion in opposite directions, which are likely due to an imbalance of the AVP/OT system within the PVN and peripheral plasma, differential activation of LSD and thalamic brain regions, and abnormal expression of Avpr1a in LSD. Pharmacological results demonstrated that Avpr1a receptor in the LSD were involved in emotion regulation. Conclusion: This study suggests that the imbalance of the AVP/OT system and the dysfunction of Avpr1a+/+ neurons in the LSD were engaged in common neuroendocrinology mechanisms for anxiety/depression induced by long-term CSI.