bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI Usage Case Study in Healthcare and Health Insurance Sector
Authors: Zuo Jiaming
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in the healthcare and health insurance sectors, offering innovative solutions to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance patient care. This paper examines four key applications of AI in health insurance and long-term care, analyzing their impacts from the perspectives of insurance companies, healthcare providers, and health service users. The paper highlights the role of AI in automating prior authorization processes, streamlining claims management, and providing personalized care recommendations. It also explores AI's application in high-risk pregnancy management, where predictive analytics and continuous monitoring contribute to early detection of complications, improving maternal and fetal health outcomes. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges of ensuring AI system reliability, transparency, and fairness, as well as the importance of regulatory frameworks in maintaining patient safety and equity. By showcasing real-world case studies, this paper demonstrates how AI is revolutionizing healthcare delivery, improving operational efficiency, and ultimately enhancing the patient experience.
Intervenções Do Sistema Único De Saúde Na Articulação De Serviços Na Atenção Primária: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Guedes Beatriz Neves , Costa Ana Beatriz  Silva , Almeida Ana Júlia Brasileiro de , Mello Ana Karoline dos Santos , Dargas Caroline Moreira , Rocha Kariny Emanuele Silva , Gomes Maria do Carmo de Jesus , Calheiros Maria Jayane de Oliveira Silva , Melo Rebeka da Silva , Barbosa Emina Camille Silva
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar as intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na articulação dos serviços da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), avaliando seu impacto na assistência integral e equitativa. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE. A pesquisa utilizou os descritores "Assistência Integral à Saúde", "Equidade" e "Sistema Único de Saúde", combinados pelo operador booleano "AND". Foram incluídos artigos publicados em português nos últimos cinco anos, resultando em 15 publicações selecionadas após a triagem de 4.841 documentos iniciais. Resultados: Os achados indicam que a APS desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da saúde e na garantia da integralidade do cuidado, destacando a importância de profissionais qualificados e de uma abordagem multissetorial. Além disso, o uso eficiente dos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) foi identificado como um fator essencial para fortalecer a gestão dos serviços para todos cidadãos. Conclusão: O estudo aponta que as intervenções do SUS na APS promovem equidade e aprimoram o atendimento à população, ressaltando a relevância da qualificação profissional e da gestão eficiente para o fortalecimento da saúde pública no Brasil. Essas intervenções são fundamentais para garantir acesso a cuidados de qualidade para todos os cidadãos na sociedade brasileira.
Solutions to enhance the positive impacts and mitigate the negative social impacts of fintech in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Van Thong
Published: February 2025

Fintech, with its combination of technology and finance, has quickly become an important driving force in the development of the digital economy. In Vietnam, Fintech not only promotes the growth of modern financial services but also contributes to expanding financial access for various groups, from rural residents to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The positive impacts of Fintech, such as increased convenience, improved income, and the promotion of financial inclusion, have brought numerous benefits to society. However, alongside these advantages, Fintech also poses potential negative impacts, including cybersecurity risks, imbalances in financial access, and issues related to online fraud. In this context, seeking solutions to enhance the positive impacts and mitigate the negative social effects of Fintech has become an urgent requirement. This article analyzes the social aspects influenced by Fintech, including both positive and negative impacts. It also proposes solutions to optimize the benefits that Fintech brings while minimizing the negative impacts, thus aiming for a safer and more effective Fintech ecosystem for all stakeholders in Vietnam.
Risk management at Mobile World Corporation
Authors: Le Do Thien Truc
Published: February 2025

The study applies the financial risk measurement by using financial ratios and Default risk model (Edward I.Altman’s Z-Score model) and operational risk measurement by measuring the quantity of operational risks and quality of risk management. The results are consistent with the explanations of the measurement by financial ratios and default risk model and quantity method of operational risks and quality of risk management that there is Good comment for financial status of Mobile World Corporation and operational risk figured out as Event risk. As a result, TOWS method is used to reach the solutions for the risk found out.
Assessing and forecasting the risk of financial statement fraud of enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market - A logistic regression model approach
Authors: Nguyen Thu Thuy , Ngo Tran Thanh Ngan , Nguyen Thu Hang , Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen , Bui Trinh Minh Ngoc
Published: February 2025

This article aims to assess and forecast the risk of financial statement fraud of enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market from 2018 to 2023. Based on the application of the Logistic Regression model with machine learning technique together with the famous M-Score model of Beneish (first published in June 1999) on the data collected from 25 enterprises, including 279 observations. The results of the study show that the application of the logistic regression model is capable of detecting fraud risks in financial statements with relatively high reliability. Most indicators have the same impact on the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting.
The evolution of tax compliance risk management in the digital era: From traditional to technological drivers
Authors: Phan Hong Hai , Dang Anh Tuan
Published: February 2025

In the context of digital transformation and globalization, tax authorities have undergone three phases of tax management methodology development: (i) personalized approaches, (ii) taxpayer segmentation, and (iii) risk-based management. This evolution reflects the emergence of a tax compliance ecosystem, where digital technologies and multi-stakeholder collaboration play a central role. The article analyzes the shift in tax compliance risk management strategies through the OECD’s analytical framework (2004) and updated reports, focusing on three key drivers: the application of big data and artificial intelligence (AI), the integration of behavioral science, and the promotion of international transparency. Research findings indicate that adopting advanced analytical technologies and automated interventions (e.g., Australia’s ANGIE tool) reduces administrative costs by 25–30% while enhancing fraud detection efficacy. However, challenges persist in updating legal frameworks and building technological capacity. The article proposes an integrated approach combining proactive management, multinational cooperation, and targeted resource allocation to optimize tax compliance in the digital era.
Capital formation of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam - Current situation and recommendations
Authors: Tran Xuan Hai , Bui Thi Hoa
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the capital formation situation of Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV) during the period 2019-2023. The author employs both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including statistical and comparative analysis, data analysis methods using information collected from the Reports and Websites of the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV), Consolidated Financial Statements of a number of Commercial Banks (CBs), field research at BIDV and related domestic and foreign studies. Based on the research results regarding capital formation (equity, charter capital and mobilized capital) of BIDV, the author proposes several solutions and recommendations to enhance BIDV's capital formation capacity in the coming time.
Decent Work Job Security And Performance In Manufacturing Small To Medium Enterprises In Mashonaland West Province Zimbabwe
Authors: Masamba Terrence , Bhebhe Homas Brighton , Kajongwe Collen
Published: February 2025

Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) dominate both developed and developing economies in terms of employment creation and number of companies, yet their full potential remains untapped. The study is aimed at assessing the moderating role of decent work on job security and the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. The study is guided by Positivism Research Philosophy. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative from 50 respondents. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlations. It was established from the main study findings that there is a positive relationship between job security and performance of retail SMEs. Study findings show that job security plays a crucial role in fostering a culture of innovation and creativity within manufacturing SMEs. When employees feel secure in their positions, they are more likely to take risks, think outside the box and propose new ideas without fear of negative consequences. The study also reveals that decent work practices, including job security, have a positive impact on employee engagement. When employees feel secure in their jobs, they are more likely to be emotionally invested in their work and feel a sense of ownership and commitment to the organisation's goals. Engaged employees are known to be more productive, innovative and willing to contribute their discretionary effort, significantly enhancing the performance of SMEs. The study discovered that manufacturing SMEs that prioritise decent work practices, including job security, build a positive reputation as socially responsible employers. Such organisations tend to attract and retain quality talent, enjoy better relationships with stakeholders and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This positive reputation can further enhance the performance of the SME. The recommendation proffered by the study is that government should provide the necessary support such as decent work policies that enhance manufacturing SMEs productivity.
Factors Influencing The Adaption Of Succession Planning In Manufacturing Small To Medium Enterprises In Harare Metropolitan Province Zimbabwe
Authors: Kamupini Aidha , Kajongwe Collen
Published: February 2025

The study seeks to assess the factors that influence the adoption of succession planning decisions in manufacturing small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in Harare Metropolitan Province. The study used the mixed method research method. Pragmatism research philosophy was used in this study as it incorporates the use of mixed methods. The study was underpinned by the Leadership Model Succession Theory. The study sample size was 53 respondents taken from a population of 60. The Raosoft sample size calculator was used to come up with sample size with a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level. Structured questionnaires and and interview guide were used to solicit data. Quantitative data were uploaded on SPSS Version 21 and analysed using inferential statistics. Qualitative data were also analysed thematically and graphically presented in cloud format using NVIVO version 29. Major findings of the study identify the relationship between succession planning and the performance of manufacturing SMEs in Zimbabwe. Major findings of the study identify owner's age, education, structure and size. The availability of financial resources exerts discernible influence on the trajectory of succession planning for SMEs in Zimbabwe. Management succession planning is critical for manufacturing SMEs to enhance performance. Longitudinal study is needed for effective leadership constructs on governance of SMEs to achieve needed performance in Zimbabwe.
Embracing Special Needs Of Visually Impaired Students’ Education In Institutions Of Higher Learning In Zimbabwe An Inclusive Education Agenda In Action
Authors: Gama Shepherd , Gumbo Shepherd
Published: February 2025

It is apparent that students with visual impairments are not accommodated in most tertiary institutions. This study aims to analyse the content of seven journal papers which delve into studies on inclusive education for visually impaired students. The articles were chosen from several journals based on the period from 2018 to 2024. Then, the studies are analysed according to the following seven themes: classroom situations and examinations, lectures‘ methodology, participation in classroom, academic performance and assessment, subject difficulty, psychological challenges and social challenges. Most of the selected studies focused on inclusive education for students with visual impairments and their support for academic achievements. Additionally, positive results of inclusive education are yielded in seven papers. These outcomes suggest that students with visual impairments can advance in attaining professional qualifications by adopting the following strategies: training lecturers to address the needs of students with visual impairments, changing attitudes of lecturers towards students with visual impairments, maximum support for visually impaired students, appropriate teaching and learning infrastructure for visually impaired students, material provisions and building confidence in visually impaired students. However, further research is required to confirm how resources in tertiary institutions can be provided to address the needs of visually impaired students and enhance their advancement in tertiary education.
Contextual Analysis of poverty in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tendengu Tariro
Published: February 2025

To effectively analyse economic causes and propose potential solutions to the problem of poverty, the article starts the review by outlining available working historic, contemporary economists‘ and contemporary institutions‘ definitions of poverty. It proceeds to the characteristics of the Third World and shows the treatment each of the definitions receives under different analytical perspectives. The views on the responses to poverty by the different schools of thought are highly influenced by the definition that each of them utilises. After the provision of 12 definitions of poverty and the characteristics of the Third World, this essay provides a critical analysis divided into sections describing the broad economic frameworks to which each of the poverty theories belongs. It begins with the treatment of poverty by the classical and neoclassical schools, then proceeds to those theories that emerged partially as a reaction to the assumptions, hypotheses and conclusions derived by the classical economists. Within this group of theories are those which accept and depart from the foundational premises of classical economics but introduce several novelties, namely the theories of economic liberals, such as Keynes and those that examine the problem from a completely dissimilar perception of the socio-economic system, namely the radical economic theorists, such as the Marxists
The Biopolitical dimension of the modern macropolitical identity of Russians
Authors: Belov Ivan Valentinovich
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is the biopolitical toolkit used by modern Russian elites in the context of building the macropolitical identity of Russians. This process is characterized by a complex nature. The identity policy implemented in the post-Soviet period takes into account the need to strengthen intercultural and interethnic unity in society. In this regard, the construction of a special macropolitical identity takes place not only in the space of memory politics and in the broad sense of symbolic politics, but also in the space of biopolitics. Biopolitics has made it possible to unify the principles of management based on the physiological and social manifestations inherent in humans. Of particular research interest is the problem of using biopolitical methods in the context of building a macropolitical identity, a special form of self–identification that overcomes religious, cultural and ethnic differences in society. In Russia, this process is particularly relevant, since in a multicultural and multiethnic state, the process of building socially shared forms of identity sets the foundation of society. We propose to consider examples of the use of biopolitics in the framework of building this identity. The research methodology includes an analysis of the dynamics of Russian legislation and biopolitical tools, which is revealed by the example of individual cases and political technologies used by political elites in the course of building the macropolitical identity of Russians. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the principles and tools of biopolitics through the prism of the macropolitical identity of Russians. It is based on identification with the broader community, which presupposes solidarity across borders related to political and ideological preferences. We examine in detail how modern biopolitics, performed by Russian elites, allows us to overcome these preferences and use the biological essence of a person in solving problems related to the political solidarity of society. Separately, an analysis of legislative norms and practical cases was carried out, which demonstrated the variety of biopolitical tools used in modern Russia. As a result of the research, we come to the conclusion that biopolitics can be effectively used as a measure to counter nationalist tendencies in society. The conclusion is also formulated about the need to introduce bioethics, i.e. the moral dimension of those political and technological processes that are implemented in the political space of modern Russia.
Food-washing monkeys recognize the law of diminishing returns
Authors: Rosien Jessica E , Fannin Luke D , Yeakel Justin D , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Dominy Nathaniel J , Tan Amanda
Published: February 2025

Few animals have the cognitive faculties or prehensile abilities needed to eliminate tooth-damaging grit from food surfaces. Some populations of monkeys wash sand from foods when standing water is readily accessible, but this propensity varies within groups for reasons unknown. Spontaneous food-washing emerged recently in a group of long-tailed macaques (
Macaca fascicularis
) inhabiting Koram Island, Thailand, and it motivated us to explore the factors that drive individual variability. We measured the mineral and physical properties of contaminant sands and conducted a field experiment, eliciting 1,282 food-handling bouts by 42 monkeys. Our results verify two long-standing presumptions, that monkeys have a strong aversion to sand and that removing it is intentional. Reinforcing this result, we found that monkeys clean foods beyond the point of diminishing returns, a suboptimal behavior that varied with social rank. Dominant monkeys abstained from washing, a choice consistent with the impulses of dominant monkeys elsewhere: to prioritize rapid food intake and greater reproductive fitness over the long-term benefits of prolonging tooth function.
A VgrG2b fragment cleaved by caspase-11/4 promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Qian Yan , Liu Qiannv , Cheng Xiangyun , Wang Chunlei , Kong Chun , Li Mengqian , Ren Chao , Jiang Dong , Wang Shuo , Xia Pengyan
Published: February 2025

The T6SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an essential role in the establishment of chronic infections. Inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines are crucial for host defense against bacterial infections. We found that P. aeruginosa infection activates the non-canonical inflammasome in macrophages, yet it inhibits the downstream activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The VgrG2b of P. aeruginosa is recognized and cleaved by caspase-11, generating a free C-terminal fragment. The VgrG2b C-terminus can bind to NLRP3, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by rejecting NEK7 binding to NLRP3. Administration of a specific peptide that inhibits caspase-11 cleavage of VgrG2b significantly improves mouse survival during infection. Our discovery elucidates a mechanism by which P. aeruginosa inhibits host immune response, providing a new approach for the future clinical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Influence of perceptions of reporting nurses’ medical errors and patient safety culture on patient safety nursing practices in Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Young Hee , Kim Mi Young
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study investigated how perceptions of reporting nurses’ medical errors and patient safety culture affected patient safety nursing practices. Methods: The participants in this descriptive study were 157 nurses at four medical institutions located in Seoul, South Korea, recruited by convenience sampling. A cross-sectional design was employed. The data were obtained through self-reporting questionnaires from August 13 to 28, 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were obtained, and the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were performed. Results: The factors influencing patient safety nursing practices were total practical experience as a nurse (≥ 6 years), perceptions of patient safety culture, and perceptions of reporting nurses’ medical errors. The overall explanatory power of these factors regarding patient safety nursing practices was 25.1%. Conclusion: To improve patient safety nursing practices, hospitals should provide education on patient safety nursing practices. Moreover, interventions should be developed and applied to promote the creation of a patient safety culture.
When safety becomes the priority: defensive nursing practice and its associated factors among nurses in Egypt: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaher Ahmed , Osman Yasmine M. , Sayed Salwa , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Alabdullah Amany Anwar Saeed , Hendy Ahmed , Abdallah Zainab Attia , Al-Jabri Mohammed Musaed Ahmed , Hendy Abdelaziz
Published: February 2025

Background

Defensive nursing practices, which prioritize legal protection over patient care, are becoming increasingly common. This study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with defensive nursing practices among nurses in Egypt, considering the impact of workplace violence and legal threats.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024 using a self-report online questionnaire. The target population included clinical nurses working in various hospitals in Egypt. A sample size of 1,267 nurses was achieved through convenience sampling. The questionnaire assessed demographic data, experiences of workplace violence, legal consequences, and defensive nursing practices, categorized into positive and negative behaviors.

Results

The sample consisted of 1,267 nurses, predominantly female (75.9%), with a mean age of 28.57 years. Positive defensive practices, such as detailed documentation (79%) and thorough explanation of procedures (58.5%), were highly prevalent. Negative practices included avoiding high-risk procedures (15.9%) and patients more likely to file lawsuits (13.6%). Older nurses and those with higher educational qualifications were more likely to engage in positive defensive practices. Nurses who experienced workplace violence or legal threats were significantly more likely to avoid high-complication procedures.

Conclusion

The study identified a high engagement in both positive and negative defensive practices among nurses in Egypt. These practices are influenced by factors such as age, education level, and experiences of workplace violence and legal threats. The findings underscore the need for strategies to support nurses, reduce reliance on defensive practices, and ensure better patient outcomes.
Sex differences in absolute and relative changes in muscle size following resistance training in healthy adults: a systematic review with Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Refalo Martin C. , Nuckols Greg , Galpin Andrew J. , Gallagher Iain J. , Hamilton D. Lee , Fyfe Jackson J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Muscle hypertrophy may be influenced by biological differences between males and females. This meta-analysis investigated absolute and relative changes in muscle size following resistance training (RT) between males and females and whether measures of muscle size, body region assessed, muscle fibre type, and RT experience moderate the results.

Methods

Studies were included if male and female participants were healthy (18–45 years old) adults that completed the same RT intervention, and a measure of pre- to post-intervention changes in muscle size was included. Out of 2,720 screened studies, 29 studies were included in the statistical analysis. Bayesian methods were used to estimate a standardised mean difference (SMD), log response ratio (lnRR) with exponentiated percentage change (Exp. % Change of lnRR), and probability of direction (pd) for each outcome.

Results

Absolute increases in muscle size slightly favoured males compared to females (SMD = 0.19 (95% HDI: 0.11 to 0.28); pd = 100%), however, relative increases in muscle size were similar between sexes (Exp. % Change of lnRR = 0.69% (95% HDI: −1.50% to 2.88%)). Outcomes were minimally influenced by the measure of muscle size and not influenced by RT experience of participants. Absolute hypertrophy of upper-body but not lower-body regions was favoured in males. Type I muscle fibre hypertrophy slightly favoured males, but Type II muscle fibre hypertrophy was similar between sexes.

Conclusion

Our findings strengthen the understanding that females have a similar potential to induce muscle hypertrophy as males (particularly when considering relative increases in muscle size from baseline) and findings of our secondary analyses should inform future research that investigates sex differences in highly trained participants and muscle fibre type-specific hypertrophy.
Prediction of cancer cell line-specific synergistic drug combinations based on multi-omics data
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Han Huirui , Li Lingxu , Chen Zhengxin , Liu Xinying , Li Tianyi , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Qibin , Zhang Ruijie , Feng Dehua , Yu Lei , Li Xia , Wang Limei , Li Bing , Li Jin
Published: February 2025

Compared to single-drug therapy, combination therapy involves the use of two or more drugs to reduce drug dosage, decrease drug toxicity, and improve treatment efficacy. We developed an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)-based drug-drug cell line prediction model (XDDC) to predict synergistic drug combinations. XDDC was based on XGBoost and used one of the largest drug combination datasets, NCI-ALMANAC. In XDDC, drug chemical structures, adverse drug reactions, and target information were selected as drug features; gene expression, methylation, mutations, copy number variations, and RNA interference data were used as cell line features; and pathway information was incorporated to link drug features and cell line features. XDDC improved the interpretability of drug combination features and outperformed other machine learning methods. It achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.966 ± 0.002 and an AUPR of 0.957 ± 0.002 when cross-validated on NCI-ALMANAC data. Different types of omics data were evaluated and compared in the model. Literature and experimental verification confirmed some of our predictions. XDDC could help medical professionals to rapidly screen synergistic drug combinations against specific cancer cell lines.
Gestational overweight decreased risk of antepartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with complete placenta previa: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Jie , Ye Shaoxin , Xuan Bihua , Liu Zhengping , Fan Dazhi
Published: February 2025

Background

Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is associated with perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity. Previous studies have reported that obesity in pregnancy adversely influences both fetal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate gestational overweight and the risk of APH in pregnant women with complete placenta previa (CPP).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with CPP delivery at our hospital from 2013 to 2015. Outcomes were stratified according to APH and non-APH.

Results

Of 193 pregnancies with CPP, 40.4% (78) were diagnosed with APH. Maternal weight and BMI at delivery were significantly decreased in women with APH (61.15 ± 8.73 vs. 65.22 ± 7.80, 24.47 ± 3.12 vs. 26.21 ± 2.85; P = 0.001, P = 0.001; respectively), and the prevalence of overweight at delivery was higher in the non-APH group compared to those in the APH group (54.9% (62) vs. 39.7% (27); OR 2.18; 95%CI [1.16–4.11]). After adjusting for gestation week and other potential confounding factors, maternal weight and BMI were associated with the APH (OR 0.95, 95%CI [0.91–0.99]; 0.85, 95%CI [0.75–0.97], respectively).

Conclusion

Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy may decrease the risk of antepartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with complete placenta previa.
Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and its Knowledge among Perimenopausal Women: A Questionnairebased Cross-sectional Study from Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Miranda Janet Prima , Adhikari Prabha , Pappachan Binsha
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Assessing knowledge of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and identifying its risk factors is crucial because Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in women, particularly as they age. During perimenopause, declining oestrogen, changes in cholesterol, weight gain and insulin resistance increase the risk of CAD. Raising awareness and identifying risks early enables healthcare providers to promote heart-healthy behaviours, reduce modifiable risks and improve long-term outcomes.

Aim: To assess the knowledge of CAD risk factors and identify the specific risk factors among perimenopausal women.

Material and Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design targeting non healthcare worker women aged 45 to 55 years. Ninety-two women in the perimenopausal period were selected through purposive sampling. The study was conducted at a private medical college hospital in Karnataka, India from January 2023 to July 2024. Knowledge regarding CAD prevention was assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The risk factors for CAD were evaluated using various parameters: biophysical, biochemical and lifestyle. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Data processing and statistical analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.0.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.60±2.45 years. Of the participants, 46 (50%) had completed secondary schooling prerequisites and all had their monthly household income was less than Rs. 25,000. Few women reported having diabetes (12, 13%), hypertension (8, 8.7%), or high cholesterol (3, 3.3%). Nearly all of them (91, 98.9%) reported having less than eight hours of uninterrupted sleep. Most women (90, 97.82%) had inadequate knowledge of preventing CAD risk factors. The CAD risk factors included low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (28, 30.43%) and borderline high triglyceride (23, 25%), elevated blood pressure (16, 17.4%), overweight (57, 62%), with larger Waist Circumference (WC) (68, 73.91%) and WaistHip Ratios (WHR) (51, 55.43%). Lifestyle risk factors present in perimenopausal women included low Physical Activity (PA) (41, 44.6%), moderate stress (91, 98.9%) and unhealthy dietary practices (33, 35.87%).

Conclusion: The study found that there was low knowledge among perimenopausal women regarding CAD risk factors. Overweight, stress, physical inactivity, elevated WHR, low HDL and high LDL were prevalent. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions to reduce CAD risk.
Animal Cruelty against Dogs and Cats: Characterization of the Victim and the Perpetrator in a Retrospective Study
Authors: Dias Mary Hellen de Jesus Rodrigues , Lopes Mariana Moreira , Oliveira Akzza Auxiliadora De , Moura Adriana Paes , Rauecker Úrsula Nunes , Almeida Ana Maria de Souza , Moura Veridiana Maria Brianezi Dignani de , Paranaíba Wânia Clelia dos Reis Brito , Nascente Eduardo de Paula
Published: February 2025

The rise in animal cruelty crimes has become a significant social issue, largely due to increasing awareness of animal sentience. Research highlights a strong correlation between animal cruelty cases and psychological disorders in perpetrators, suggesting that violent behavior may, in some cases, be predictable. This study aims to analyze cases of animal cruelty treated at the public veterinary service in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, examining the characteristics of the animal victims and the profiles of the perpetrators to promote awareness of animal protection. This study analyzed 10 animal cruelty cases reported in Goiânia (August-November 2023), documenting victim profiles, clinical evaluations, and case outcomes. Necessary interventions for each individual were described, considering the severity and specific needs of the patients. Among the 10 cases analyzed, three involved rescues carried out by public agencies with support from the Animal Protection Group of the Civil Police of Goiás. Five cases were referred to by animal protection advocates, and two were reported by local residents. The results revealed a higher prevalence of such crimes involving adult male dogs, accounting for 62.5% of cases. Of the cruelty types, 80% involved physical abuse or aggression, with 70% of these cases showing traumatic injuries identified during examinations, as well as conditions such as dehydration and ectoparasite infestations. The characterization of the perpetrators indicated a predominance of male individuals, Caucasian, aged over 40 years. Despite ongoing efforts, the low reporting rate highlights the urgent need for stronger public policies and awareness campaigns.
Vitamin A Supplementation and Morbidity of Children (Aged 6 to 59 Months) in the Rural Municipality of Sinder, Tillabery, Niger
Authors: Djelifa Hamidou , Zouleyhatou Dodo Hambali , Alio Almou Abdoulaye , Ibrahim Alkassoum Salifou , Sadou Hassimi
Published: February 2025

In Africa, vitamin A deficiency is responsible for approximately 6% of deaths in children under 5 years of age (1). Due to the significant risk that this deficiency has on infant morbidity and mortality (reduced resistance to infections, stunted growth, blindness, death), it is considered by the World Health Organization as a major public health problem (2). The strategy of supplementing children with vitamin A is said to be responsible for a significant reduction in the risk of infant morbidity and mortality (3). The objective of this study is to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on the morbidity of children aged 6 to 59 months in the rural island commune of Sinder. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on a representative sample of mothers of children aged 6 to 59 months. The study was conducted in the rural commune of Sinder in Niger. A questionnaire was completed using a structured interview recorded on the ODK software. Thus, the data were collected with the ODK software and then analyzed with the SPSS and Epi Info version 7.2 software. In total, 166 mother-child couples were identified using the simple random probability sampling method. According to the data of this study, girls had significantly more vitamin A supplementation (43.42%) than boys (37.78%) p = 0.001. Children aged 12 to 23 months (50.85%) received more vitamin A than children in other age groups (p = 0.05). According to the mothers' level of education, it is noted that children of mothers with secondary and higher education received more vitamin A doses in the last 6 months before the survey, however the difference is not significant (p = 0.48). On the other hand, maternal occupation is predictive of vitamin A supplementation (p = 0.04). Married mothers have more children supplemented with vitamin A (41%) but the difference is not significant. Thus, farmers, breeders and those practicing small businesses and crafts have significantly more children supplemented with vitamin A.
Myths and Customs Related to the Feeding of Young Children and Pregnant Women in the Rural Island Commune of Sinder, Tillabéri Region, Niger: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Djelifa Hamidou , Alio Almou Abdoulaye , Zouleyhatou Dodo Hambali , Ibrahim Alkassoum Salifou , Sadou Hassimi
Published: February 2025

Access to safe, adequate and nutritious food is a basic human right that is essential for good health (WHO, 2008). Unfortunately, this basic right is denied in many low- and middle-income countries, partly due to food insecurity, poverty and inappropriate food distribution (Torheim and Arimond, 2013). This study aims to identify myths and customs related to the feeding of young children and pregnant women by mothers and wet nurses in the rural commune of Sinder. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on a representative sample of mothers of children under five years old. A questionnaire was completed using a structured interview. Data were collected using ODK software and analyzed using SPSS and Epi Info version 7.2 software. A total of 166 mothers were surveyed. A total of 166 mother-child pairs were enrolled in this study. This study shows a male predominance of 54.22%. Mothers who do not attend school represent the majority of the sample 61.44%. The majority of children, approximately 43%, are between 24 and 59 months old with 23±6.12 months. Approximately 38% are undernourished. The foods prohibited for pregnant women were goat's milk, cassava couscous and spicy foods. Goat's milk would cause skin diseases in pregnant women according to 13.86% of the mothers surveyed. The majority of mothers, or 63.86%, observe food taboos and prohibitions in their children's diet. Among these "forbidden" foods, moringa leaves are the most cited followed by eggs. The mothers' justifications focus more on the abdominal pain and diarrhea that these foods could cause.
Evaluation of Amino Acid Based Biostimulant with Surfactant on Groundnut Growth and Yield
Authors: Y N Mohan Babu , U Jagadeesh , Lakshmi Pepakayala Vara , D.S. Sparjan Babu, , Sharma Rajesh K
Published: February 2025

A field trial was conducted during Kharif 2024 at Anurag University, Hyderabad, to evaluate the bioefficacy of an amino acid based biostimulant formulation with surfactant on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The formulation, designed to enhance nutrient absorption and stress tolerance, was applied as a foliar spray in varying concentrations (2 ml/l, 3 ml/l, 4 ml/l, and 5 ml/l) in addition to a control treatment and a recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Results demonstrated that the application of the amino acid based biostimulant with surfactant at 3 ml/l (T4) significantly improved key growth parameters such as plant height (27.25 cm), leaf area (6.12 cm2), root length P (21.13 cm), and dry matter accumulation per plant (36.33 g/m2). Yield components, including pod length (33.63 mm), number of pods per plant (35.00), and pod weight (2.40 gm), were also markedly enhanced at this concentration. Treatment T4 was identified as the most effective and economical concentration, offering comparable or superior results to higher dosages, highlighting its potential for cost-effective crop improvement. The study concluded that the amino acid based biostimulant with surfactant formulation, particularly at 3 ml/l, provides a promising solution for enhancing groundnut productivity by improving nutrient uptake and supporting growth.
Impact of Combinations of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Health and Yield of Rice: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Behera Himanshu Sekhar , Pany Bijoy Kumar
Published: February 2025

As a cereal grain, rice is the staple diet of more than half of the world's population, especially in Asia and Africa. The grass species oryza sativa, also known as Asian rice, and, less frequently, oryza glaberrima, sometimes known as African rice, are the seeds of rice. African rice was domesticated in Africa approximately 3,000 years ago, while Asian rice was domesticated in China between 13,500 and 8,200 years ago. A staple in many cultures around the world, rice ranked fourth in terms of production in 2021 (787 million tons), behind wheat, maize, and sugarcane. The amount of rice traded worldwide is only about 8 percent. The three countries that consume the most rice are China, India, and Indonesia. Various rice cultivars have been developed to increase crop yield and quality. Green Revolution rice, made possible by biotechnology, can yield large amounts of grain when given nitrogen fertilizer and carefully tended. Additional products include flood-tolerant or deep-water rice, drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant rice, and rice that may express human proteins for therapeutic purposes. In biology, rice is utilized as a model organism.
Ornamental Fish Diversity and Scope for its Development in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Chaudhari Ajit , Rathod Ramesh , Swain Saroj Kumar
Published: February 2025

Andhra Pradesh is endowed with a wealth of water resources including rivers, canals, reservoirs, ponds and tanks, two large estuarine systems (Godavari and Krishna), backwaters near Kakinada and Visakhapatnam. These water bodies are home to a rich biodiversity of ichthyofauna. Among, these natural resources a diverse and unique group of fishes are found those having economic importance to the aquarium sector. Keeping ornamental fish as a hobby is gaining popularity in the world, hence this sector assumed significant importance in fisheries. The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) was launched in India in the year 2020-21 and implemented for five years, till 2024-25, which has enhanced the ornamental fish production and trade. With the presence of indigenous fishes and a suitable environment for seed production of these ornamental fishes few coastal states such as West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and the North-Eastern states are contributing to this sector in our country. The entrepreneurs in the state are highly focused on the production of food fish activities from both the culture and capture, this might be the reason that the ornamental fish sector has received less attention. Currently, the demand for aquarium fish in the state are largely fulfilled by importing the fish from other states. Approximately 175 numbers of ornamental fish aquarium shops are mainly trading exotic varieties of fishes in the state. With the growing demand for aquarium fish in the domestic and international market, promoting this sector with the setting up of breeding and rearing units in the state may create employment and livelihoods especially in rural and semi-rural areas. Considering the importance of this sector and the presence of favorable environmental conditions for the breeding and rearing of ornamental fishes, the sector has ample scope for development in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Study of Hematobiochemical, Immune Status and Oxidative Parameters in Ross AP Strain Broiler Birds Based on Supplementation of Moringa oleifera and Indigenous Cow Urine Distillate in Drinking Water
Authors: Debbarma Bhaskar , Tripathi S M , Arjun C P , Netty Shraddha , Jain Tripti , Koley K M , Dubey Meenu
Published: February 2025

This experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of native Munga plant (M. oleifera) methanolic leaves extract, indigenous cow (Kosali) urine distillate (CUD) and their combination on hematobiochemical status, immune status and oxidative parameters of Ross AP strain broiler birds (during April-May) using day-old broiler chicks (n = 150) with 30 birds in each group, were reared for 42 days. The day-old chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 3 replicates of 10 birds. The treatment groups were as follows: Group C (Control) consisted of a basal diet without any feed additives, group S (Standard) consisted of a basal diet with Enradin as an antibiotic @ 0.025% in feed, group T1 consisted of M. oleifera @ 1g/L in drinking water (0.1%) + basal feed, group T2 consisted of Cow urine distillate @ 10ml/L in drinking water (1%) + basal feed, and group T3 consisted of a combination of M. oleifera @ 1g/L (0.1%) and cow urine distillate @ 10ml/L in drinking water (1%) + basal feed. In the haematological study groups T1, T2 and T3 showed significantly (P<0.05, <0.01) higher levels of Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC as compared to the control group at the end of the 6th week. In the biochemical study, Group T1, T2 and T3 showed a significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) higher blood glucose level (mg/dl) as compared to the Control group. Groups T1, T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05 and <0.01) reduction in levels of AST, creatinine and uric acid (T1) as compared to the control group. Also, there was an increase in Total protein and globulin (T1) as compared to the control group. In the case of Ca and P, the T1 and T3 groups showed a significant increase (P<0.05 and <0.01) as compared to the control group. At the end of the 6th week of the experiment, the antioxidant status of birds was measured in blood. For this study lipid peroxidation in red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in RBC suspension were estimated. The birds of group T1, T2 and T3 showed significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) lowered MDA level, higher mean reduced GSH and increased GPx levels as compared to the control group. Also, there was a significantly (P<0.05, <0.01 and <0.001) higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level in the birds of T1, T2 and T3 groups. On the 28th and 35th days, the humoral immunity test was showing significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) improvement in birds of groups T1, T2 and T3. The Cell-mediated immune status was determined by DTH (direct type hypersensitivity reaction) test on birds’ skin and resulted that the T1, T2 and T3 groups showed a significantly positive response at both pre-and post-sensitization (6, 12, 24 and 48hr).
Finite Element Modelling of Transient Seepage and Sediment Transport in Diaphragm Walls for Coastal Protection Works in the Niger Delta
Authors: Nwohu Anthony I. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Sule Samuel
Published: February 2025

In this research, a two-dimensional analysis of transient seepage and sediment transport in diaphragm walls for coastal protection projects was conducted using the finite element method. One of the key factors influencing the stability of diaphragm walls in coastal protection works is transient seepage and sediment transport (flow boundary conditions). The reduction of passive soil resistance due to seepage and sediment movement can lead to stability issues through piping and scour effects. A representative soil profile from the Niger Delta region was subjected to transient seepage (long-term steady-state seepage with a gradual drawdown over a 24-hour period) and modeled using the finite element method with the Geostudio 2018R2V9.1 (SEEP/W) software. The movement of sediments (soil particles) through advective processes (water alone) was simulated and monitored based on the seepage flow velocities. Calculations were performed to determine the velocities of sediment transport and the total distances traveled due to seepage forces for each case study. The finite element solutions employed the Galerkin’s weighted residual method along with Lagrange isoparametric triangular or quadrilateral elements. Results from the seepage and sediment transport analyses indicated significantly higher rates of water and particle transport for diaphragm walls embedded in sandy layers compared to those in clay or in a sand-clay mixture. Thus, it is advisable to incorporate seepage and sediment transport considerations in the analysis and design of diaphragm walls for coastal protection in the Niger Delta region.