bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population-based study and a scoping review for the epidemiology and seasonality in and effect of weather on Bell’s palsy
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Park So Young
Published: August 2021

The association between weather-related variables or seasons and the development of Bell’s palsy (BP) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of BP and assess the effects of meteorological factors on seasonal and monthly incidence. This retrospective population-based study used data from the Korean Health Insurance claims database (NHICD) from 2010 to 2018, in which annual, seasonal, and monthly incidence rates and age and sex distributions were calculated. A multivariate linear regression and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to determine the association between the seasonal and monthly incidence of BP and meteorological factors, including average wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. We also conducted a scoping review of the literature on epidemiological and seasonality studies of BP in the past 30 years and summarized them in a table for easy comparison with other studies. In this study, the incidence rate of BP increased over 9 years (from 12.86 to 19.92 per 100,000 persons) and was the highest in patients in their 60s (31.6/100,000 persons). The seasonal incidence of BP was the highest in autumn and showed a significant difference compared with spring (coefficient − 0.318, p = 0.003) and summer (coefficient − 0.463, p < 0.001), adjusting the year. In the ARIMA analysis, the autocorrelation of the monthly and seasonal lag in the raw data disappeared after adjustment of the seasonal (or monthly) and longitudinal changes, indicating no additional trends outside the seasonal (or monthly) longitudinal changes. The seasonal and monthly incidence of BP was related to low temperature (p = 0.002), high atmospheric pressure (p = 0.034), and low relative humidity (p < 0.001) in the multivariate linear regression. In contrast, in the ARIMA analysis, after adjusting for seasonality, month, and trends, there were no significant meteorological factors associated with the monthly or seasonal incidence rate. In the past 30 years, 12 studies have reported on the prevalence or incidence of BP, and 14 have reported on the relationship between seasons, weather, and incidence. These results indicate that BP is more common among the elderly, and the incidence of BP is increasing due to an aging society, increased medical accessibility, and lifestyle changes. The data also indicate that the onset of BP is associated with low temperature and humidity; however, in the climate zone with extreme temperature and humidity differences between the coldest and hottest months, it is assumed that the marked decrease in temperature (autumn) has more influence on the outbreak of BP than does the actual cold temperature (winter).
Su(Hw) primes 66D and 7F Drosophila chorion genes loci for amplification through chromatin decondensation
Authors: Vorobyeva Nadezhda E. , Erokhin Maksim , Chetverina Darya , Krasnov Alexey N. , Mazina Marina Yu.
Published: August 2021

Suppressor of Hairy wing [Su(Hw)] is an insulator protein that participates in regulating chromatin architecture and gene repression inDrosophila. In previous studies we have shown that Su(Hw) is also required for pre-replication complex (pre-RC) recruitment on Su(Hw)-bound sites (SBSs) inDrosophilaS2 cells and pupa. Here, we describe the effect of Su(Hw) on developmentally regulated amplification of 66D and 7FDrosophilaamplicons in follicle cells (DAFCs), widely used as models in replication studies. We show Su(Hw) binding co-localizes with all known DAFCs inDrosophilaovaries, whereas disruption of Su(Hw) binding to 66D and 7F DAFCs causes a two-fold decrease in the amplification of these loci. The complete loss of Su(Hw) binding to chromatin impairs pre-RC recruitment to all amplification regulatory regions of 66D and 7F loci at early oogenesis (prior to DAFCs amplification). These changes coincide with a considerable Su(Hw)-dependent condensation of chromatin at 66D and 7F loci. Although we observed the Brm, ISWI, Mi-2, and CHD1 chromatin remodelers at SBSs genome wide, their remodeler activity does not appear to be responsible for chromatin decondensation at the 66D and 7F amplification regulatory regions. We have discovered that, in addition to the CBP/Nejire and Chameau histone acetyltransferases, the Gcn5 acetyltransferase binds to 66D and 7F DAFCs at SBSs and this binding is dependent on Su(Hw). We propose that the main function of Su(Hw) in developmental amplification of 66D and 7F DAFCs is to establish a chromatin structure that is permissive to pre-RC recruitment.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Shujun Wang , Huijie Zhang , Xia Bai , Hongjian Wang
Published: August 2021

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare and devastating complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Early diagnosis and prompt treatment could improve prognosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical data and predictive factors of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with a diagnosis of CVST. All IBD patient data were collected from July 2013 and September 2020. Clinical data, predictive factors and prognosis were compared between IBD patients with CVST and the IBD control group. The incidence of CVST in our study was 0.48%. The mean age of IBD patients with CVST was 34.9 years. The average duration of IBD was 4 years when cerebrovascular events occurred. The clinical presentation of CVST included headache (73.1%), vomiting (30.8%), limb dysmetria (26.9%), speech impairment (11.5%), blurred vision (7.7%), epileptic seizures (7.7%) and drowsiness (3.8%). The most common location for CVST was the transverse sinus (61.5%) followed by the superior sagittal sinus (30.8%). Anaemia, low albumin and elevated d-dimer were independent predictors of CVST in patients with IBD. Anticoagulation therapy was effective. The prognosis of IBD patients with CVST was worse than that of IBD patients without CVST. Early identification of the risk and clinical features of CVST in IBD patients is important. Prompt antithrombotic therapy is a safe and effective treatment.
Submarine canyon systems focusing sub-surface fluid in the Canterbury Basin, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Kumar Priyadarshi Chinmoy , Alves Tiago M. , Sain Kalachand
Published: August 2021

This work uses a high-quality 3D seismic volume from offshore Canterbury Basin, New Zealand, to investigate how submarine canyon systems can focus sub-surface fluid. The seismic volume was structurally conditioned to improve the contrast in seismic reflections, preserving their lateral continuity. It reveals multiple pockmarks, eroded gullies and intra-slope lobe complexes occurring in association with the Waitaki Submarine Canyon. Pockmarks are densely clustered on the northern bank of the canyon and occur at a water depth of 500–900 m. In parallel, near-seafloor strata contain channel-fill deposits, channel lobes, meandering channel belts and overbank sediments deposited downslope of the submarine canyon. We propose that subsurface fluid migrates from relatively deep Cretaceous strata through shallow channel-fill deposits and lobes to latter seep out through the canyon and associated gullies. The new, reprocessed Fluid Cube meta-attribute confirms that fluids have seeped out through the eroded walls of the Waitaki Canyon, with such a seepage generating seafloor depressions in its northern bank. Our findings stress the importance of shallow reservoirs (channel-fill deposits and lobes) as potential repositories for fluid, hydrocarbons, or geothermal energy on continental margins across the world.
Excessive unbound cefazolin concentrations in critically ill patients receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO): an observational study
Authors: Booke Hendrik , Frey Otto R. , Röhr Anka C. , Chiriac Ute , Zacharowski Kai , Holubec Tomas , Adam Elisabeth H.
Published: August 2021

The scope of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is expanding, nevertheless, pharmacokinetics in patients receiving cardiorespiratory support are fairly unknown leading to unpredictable drug concentrations. Currently, there are no clear guidelines for antibiotic dosing during ECMO. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of cefazolin in patients undergoing ECMO treatment. Total and unbound plasma cefazolin concentration of critically ill patients on veno-arterial ECMO were determined. Observed PK was compared to dose recommendations calculated by an online available, free dosing software. Concentration of cefazolin varied broadly despite same dosage in all patients. The mean total and unbound plasma concentration were high showing significantly (p = 5.8913 E−09) greater unbound fraction compared to a standard patient. Cefazolin clearance was significantly (p = 0.009) higher in patients with preserved renal function compared with CRRT. Based upon the calculated clearance, the use of dosing software would have led to lower but still sufficient concentrations of cefazolin in general. Our study shows that a “one size fits all” dosing regimen leads to excessive unbound cefazolin concentration in these patients. They exhibit high PK variability and decreased cefazolin clearance on ECMO appears to compensate for ECMO- and critical illness-related increases in volume of distribution.
Solvophobicity-directed assembly of microporous molecular crystals
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroshi , Tsunoda Monika , Iwai Kohei , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Shigeta Yasuteru , Sato Hiroyasu , Yamamoto Yohei
Published: August 2021

Dense packing is a universal tendency of organic molecules in the solid state. Typical porous crystals utilize reticular strong intermolecular bonding networks to overcome this principle. Here, we report a solvophobicity-based methodology for assembling discrete molecules into a porous form and succeed in synthesizing isostructural porous polymorphs of an amphiphilic aromatic molecule Py6Mes. A computational analysis of the crystal structure reveals the major contribution of dispersion interaction as the driving force for assembling Py6Mes into a columnar stacking while the columns are sterically salient and form nanopores between them. The porous packing is facilitated particularly in solvents with weak dispersion interaction due to the solvophobic effect. Conversely, solvents with strong dispersion interaction intercalate between Py6Mes due to the solvophilic effect and provide non-porous inclusion crystals. The solvophobicity-directed polymorphism is further corroborated by the polymorphs of Py6Mes-analogues, m-Py6Mes and Ph6Mes.
All-in-onein situcolorimetric RT-LAMP assay for point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: He Yugan , Wang Liqin , An Xiaoping , Tong Yigang
Published: August 2021

A facile all-in-one nucleic acid testing assay by combining Si-OH activated glass bead-based viral RNA fast extraction andin situcolorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection in a single tube was developed.
Simultaneous detection of phenacetin and paracetamol using ELISA and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Xu Xinxin , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Wang Zhengyou , Xu Chuanlai
Published: August 2021

A sensitive anti-PNCT mAb (2D6) was developed with an IC50of 3.51 ng mL−1. The GNP-ICS assay was sensitive for detecting PNCT and PAP with vLOD values of 2.5 and 25 ng mL−1. The application oficELISA and GNP-ICS in real samples was validated by HPLC.
A line-broadening free real-time 31P pure shift NMR method for phosphometabolomic analysis
Authors: Kaup Karl Kristjan , Toom Lauri , Truu Laura , Miller Sten , Puurand Marju , Tepp Kersti , Käämbre Tuuli , Reile Indrek
Published: August 2021

Real-time pure shift NMR simplifies 31P spectra of nucleotides, allowing easier spectra analysis in phosphometabolomics.
Image learning to accurately identify complex mixture components
Authors: Duan Qiannan , Lee Jianchao , Chen Jiayuan , Feng Yunjin , Luo Run , Wang Can , Bi Sifan , Liu Fenli , Wang Wenjing , Huang Yicai , Xu Zhaoyi
Published: August 2021

Artificial intelligence deals with complex scientific problems using its favorite images.
Xeno nucleic acid probes mediated methylation-specific PCR for single-base resolution analysis of N6-methyladenosine in RNAs
Authors: Pu Qinli , Yu Hongyan , Zhou Xi , Li Junjie , Yang Yujun , Wang Ting , Li Fugang , Sheng Shangchun , Xie Guoming
Published: August 2021

A new method was developed to quantify site-specific m6A modification in RNA by using XNA probe-based MsRT-qPCR on the basis of the difference in thermodynamic stability of hybridization between m6A-RNA/A-RNA and an XNA probe.
Highly stable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy assay on abnormal thrombin levels in the blood plasma of cancer patients
Authors: Liao Lingling , Du Shanshan , Ding Yan , Su Mengke , Yu Ting , Duan Tingmei , Li Qinghe , He Shengnan , Wang Hongyan , Liu Honglin
Published: August 2021

A double-aptamer sandwich strategy for dual-reporter SERS assay with reduced false-positive as practical protein testing tool in clinical diagnostics and prognosis.
Enantioselective vinylogous-Mukaiyama-type dearomatisation by anion-binding catalysis
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Humbrías-Martín Jorge , Hoppmann Leon , Fernández-Salas Jose A. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Alemán José , Mancheño Olga García
Published: August 2021

A highly regio- and enantioselective vinylogous Mukaiyama-type reaction for the dearomatization of quinazolines and other heteroarenes under anion-binding catalysis is presented.
Effect of the growth pulling direction on 3D anisotropic stress during different stages of semitransparent Li2MoO4 growth
Authors: Bouzouaoui Yahia Zakarya , Mokhtari Faiza , Velázquez Matias , Zermout Samir , Lasloudji Idir
Published: August 2021

The three dimensional thermal stress field was calculated for different growth stages of a Li2MoO4 (LMO) crystal grown in an inductively heated Czochralski furnace using the anisotropy and temperature-dependent mechanical properties.
Crystal growth, optical, thermal and piezoelectric properties of HoCa4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: Yu Pingzhang , Pan Xiaobo , Wu Guangda , Liu Yanqing , Yu Fapeng , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang
Published: August 2021

High-quality crystals of HoCa4O(BO3)3 were grown by the Czochralski method. The optical, thermal and piezoelectric properties were investigated.
Series of charge transfer complexes obtained as crystals in a confined environment
Authors: Sanda Bawa Ali , Meunier-Prest Rita , Rousselin Yoann , Couvercelle Jean-Pierre , Stern Christine , Malézieux Bernard , Bouvet Marcel
Published: August 2021

A series of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) were successfully formed by solvent free processing techniques, using the 1,2,4,5-tetracyano benzene (TCNB) as πA molecule and a series of p-dihydroquinones (H2Qs) as πD counterparts.
Cubic, hexagonal and tetragonal FeGex phases (x = 1, 1.5, 2): Raman spectroscopy and magnetic properties
Authors: Kúkoľová A. , Dimitrievska M. , Litvinchuk A. P. , Ramanandan S. P. , Tappy N. , Menon H. , Borg M. , Grundler D. , Fontcuberta i Morral A.
Published: August 2021

Structural properties of various FeGex compounds are explored by Raman spectroscopy in order to provide reference Raman spectra, and enable fast and local phase determination in FeGe thin films.
Absorption of mechanical energy via formation of ice nanotubes in zeolites
Authors: Mochizuki Kenji
Published: August 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate an irreversible water intrusion/extrusion process for AFI-type zeosile via the formation of ice nanotubes, without silanol defects.
p-Aminobenzoic acid protonation dynamics in an evaporating droplet by ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Batista Patrick R. , Penna Tatiana C. , Ducati Lucas C. , Correra Thiago C.
Published: August 2021

Solvent stabilization controls the protonation equilibria in evaporating droplets.
Challenges in tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Aldamasy Mahmoud , Iqbal Zafar , Li Guixiang , Pascual Jorge , Alharthi Fahad , Abate Antonio , Li Meng
Published: August 2021

Perovskite solar cells are the rising star of third-generation photovoltaic technology.
Mode-specific dynamics in multichannel reaction NH+ + H2
Authors: Shi Weiliang , Wang Kun , Zhang Ping , Yu Le , Li Anyang
Published: August 2021

The vibrational- and rotational-mode specificity in the multichannel NH+ + H2 reaction was investigated using a quasi-classical trajectory method and the trajectories were analyzed using an isometric feature mapping and k-means approach.
Heparin remodels the microtubule-binding repeat R3 of Tau protein towards fibril-prone conformations
Authors: Dong Xuewei , Qi Ruxi , Qiao Qin , Li Xuhua , Li Fangying , Wan Jiaqian , Zhang Qingwen , Wei Guanghong
Published: August 2021

Heparin remodels the microtubule-binding repeat R3 of Tau protein towards fibril-prone conformations by increasing chain dimension and intermolecular contact regions.
In silico mutational analyses reveal different ligand-binding abilities of double pockets of medaka fish taste receptor type 1 essential for efficient taste recognition
Authors: Aida Hayato , Morita Rikuri , Shigeta Yasuteru , Harada Ryuhei
Published: August 2021

The heterodimer (T1r2a LBD and T1r3 LBD) of medaka fish taste receptor type 1 provides multiple binding modes, which may be helpful in discriminating various taste substances or detecting concentrations of nutrients efficiently.
Mechanisms of melatonin binding and destabilizing the protofilament and filament of tau R3–R4 domains revealed by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhu Lili , Gong Yehong , Lju Hao , Sun Gongwu , Zhang Qingwen , Qian Zhenyu
Published: August 2021

Microsecond all-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that melatonin can destabilize the protofilament and filament of tau R3–R4 domains. Its influence on tau structure, binding kinetics and sites, and the disruptive mechanism are studied.
Highly conductive and stable Co9S8 thin films by atomic layer deposition: from process development and film characterization to selective and epitaxial growth
Authors: Mattinen Miika , Hatanpää Timo , Mizohata Kenichiro , Räisänen Jyrki , Leskelä Markku , Ritala Mikko
Published: August 2021

A new ALD process using easily synthesized CoCl2(TMEDA) and H2S enables deposition of ultrathin, highly conductive and thermally stable Co9S8 films selectively on SiO2 without growth on Si–H.
Design and synthesis of three new copper coordination polymers: efficient degradation of an organic dye at alkaline pH
Authors: Liu Xiaxia , Lu Liping , Zhu Miaoli , Englert Ulli
Published: August 2021

New Cu(ii) coordination polymers can efficiently degrade methylene blue in the presence of light and H2O2at alkaline pH.
Partially reduced Ru/RuO2composites as efficient and pH-universal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Dang Yanliu , Wu Tianli , Tan Haiyan , Wang Jinlong , Cui Can , Kerns Peter , Zhao Wen , Posada Luisa , Wen Liaoyong , Suib Steven L.
Published: August 2021

Ru/RuO2composites with unique metal/metal oxide interface are proposed and work to pursue efficient HER performance in pH-universal media.
Denatured pre-treatment assisted polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed cross-linking: effects on the cross-linking potential, structure, allergenicity and functional properties of OVA
Authors: Tong Ping , Xu Xiaoqian , Liu Ke , Chen Hongbing , Gao Jinyan
Published: August 2021

To evaluate the impacts of denatured pre-treatments (heating and denaturants) on cross-linking and the combined effects on the structure, allergenicity and functional properties of OVA, OVA was pre-treated in different ways and then cross-linked.
Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes?
Authors: Iglesias-Aguirre Carlos E. , Cortés-Martín Adrián , Ávila-Gálvez María Á. , Giménez-Bastida Juan A. , Selma María V. , González-Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos
Published: August 2021

The final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. Specific associations between health effects and circulating-excreted metabolites and(or) gut microbial ecologies do not prove a causal role.
Point-of-care microchip electrophoresis for integrated anemia and hemoglobin variant testing
Authors: An Ran , Man Yuncheng , Iram Shamreen , Kucukal Erdem , Hasan Muhammad Noman , Huang Yuning , Goreke Utku , Bode Allison , Hill Ailis , Cheng Kevin , Sekyonda Zoe , Ahuja Sanjay P. , Little Jane A. , Hinczewski Michael , Gurkan Umut A.
Published: August 2021

A point-of-care diagnostic technology and approach is presented to perform both anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification in a single test using paper-based microchip electrophoresis.
CoFe2O4 supported g-C3N4 nanocomposite for the sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine
Authors: Joseph Xavier Benadict , Umesh N. M. , Wang Sea-Fue , Jesila J. Antolin
Published: August 2021

The CoFe2O4@g-CN modified electrode has been applied for the real-time detection of DA in human biological samples with appreciable recovery results.
Novel S-scheme RP/NiCo-LDH composite with remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Hu Linying , Xu Jing , Liu Yin , Zhao Sheng
Published: August 2021

A novel red phosphorus/nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (RP/NiCo-LDH) heterojunction was successfully prepared and exhibited an excellent photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution.
Improved antioxidative performance of a water-soluble copper nanoparticle@fullerenol composite formed via photochemical reduction
Authors: Wan Jie , Ma Jiaxin , Zhang Yuyuan , Xia Yuxuan , Hong Liu , Yang Cheng
Published: August 2021

We synthesized a water-soluble nanocomposite consisting of ultrasmall copper nanoparticles and fullerenol, which showed excellent radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 14.5 μg mL−1).
An oxacalix[4]arene-derived dual-sensing fluorescent probe for the relay recognition of Hg2+ and S2− ions
Authors: Vora Manoj , Dey Shuvankar , Kongor Anita , Panchal Manthan , Panjwani Falak , Verma Ashukumar , Jain Vinod
Published: August 2021

A rhodamine B-functionalized oxacalix[4]arene architecture has been designed as a dual-responsive probe for the sequential recognition of Hg2+ and S2− ions.
Chain release mechanisms in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis
Authors: Little Rory F. , Hertweck Christian
Published: August 2021

This review covers the mechanisms of chain release in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis.
Thermally induced silane dehydrocoupling on porous silicon nanoparticles for ultra-long-acting drug release
Authors: Oh Ji Hyeon , Kang Rae Hyung , Kim Jaehoon , Bang Eun-Kyoung , Kim Dokyoung
Published: August 2021

An ultra-long-acting drug-releasable (>2 weeks) nano-formulation based on porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that are prepared using the thermally induced silane dehydrocoupling, an amphiphilic lipid-coating, and is disclosed for the first time.
Room temperature spontaneous valley polarization in two-dimensional FeClBr monolayer
Authors: Li Rui , Jiang Jiawei , Mi Wenbo , Bai Haili
Published: August 2021

The exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling effect lead to the valley polarization and the schematic of anomalous valley Hall effect.
Current developments in the synthesis of 4-chromanone-derived compounds
Authors: Diana Elizabeth J. , Kanchana U. S. , Mathew Thomas V.
Published: August 2021

The chroman-4-one framework is a significant structural entity that belongs to the class of oxygen-containing heterocycles.
An access to highly enantioenriched cis-3,5-disubstituted γ-lactones from α-bromoacetate and silyl enol ether
Authors: Lee Ha Rim , Kim Seo Yun , Park Min Ji , Park Yong Sun
Published: August 2021

A convenient synthetic method for highly enantioenriched cis-3,5-disubstituted γ-lactones has been developed based on a novel disconnection approach.
Block copolymers comprising degradable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) analoguesviacopper-free click chemistry
Authors: Göppert Natalie E. , Dirauf Michael , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: August 2021

We present the synthesis development of amphiphilic, degradable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) analogue block copolymers in a modular fashion utilizing the strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
Impact of synthesis conditions on the morphology and crystal structure of tungsten nitride nanomaterials
Authors: Wenzel Olivia , Rein Viktor , Hugenschmidt Milena , Schilling Frank , Feldmann Claus , Gerthsen Dagmar
Published: August 2021

Nanocrystalline tungsten nitride (WNx) aggregates and nanosheets are synthesized with a new alkylamine-based synthesis strategy for potential applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis.
Nanoporous ultra-high-entropy alloys containing fourteen elements for water splitting electrocatalysis
Authors: Cai Ze-Xing , Goou Hiromi , Ito Yoshikazu , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Miyauchi Masahiro , Abe Hideki , Fujita Takeshi
Published: August 2021

Nanoporous ultra-high-entropy alloys containing 14 elements (Al, Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ir, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, and Ti) were obtained by dealloying. The products showed excellent electrocatalytic performance for water splitting in acidic media.
The Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions of sulfamidate imines
Authors: Pham Quoc Hoang , Tague Andrew J. , Richardson Christopher , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: August 2021

The Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) of prochiral enamide anions derived from 5H-oxathiazole 2,2-dioxides has been developed.
Cobalt phosphide supported by two-dimensional molybdenum carbide (MXene) for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and overall water splitting
Authors: Liu Shilong , Lin Zongshan , Wan Rendian , Liu Yonggang , Liu Zhe , Zhang Shuidong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Tang Zhenghua , Lu Xiaoxing , Tian Yong
Published: August 2021

CoP/Mo2CTx is prepared as efficient catalyst for HER, OER, and water splitting. DFT calculations revealed that it has optimal H* adsorption free energy and MXene plays a critical role to boost HER, while CoP is transformed into Co–OOH in OER.
Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles in photovoltaics – more than just upconversion
Authors: Zhang Pinzheng , Liang Liangliang , Liu Xiaogang
Published: August 2021

This review summarizes recent advances in developing high-efficiency upconversion nanoparticles and nanomaterials for photovoltaic application.
Mechanisms of catalytic RNA molecules
Authors: Alonso Dulce , Mondragón Alfonso
Published: August 2021

Ribozymes are folded catalytic RNA molecules that perform important biological functions. Since the discovery of the first RNA with catalytic activity in 1982, a large number of ribozymes have been reported. While most catalytic RNA molecules act alone, some RNA-based catalysts, such as RNase P, the ribosome, and the spliceosome, need protein components to perform their functions in the cell. In the last decades, the structure and mechanism of several ribozymes have been studied in detail. Aside from the ribosome, which catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis, the majority of known ribozymes carry out mostly phosphoryl transfer reactions, notably trans-esterification or hydrolysis reactions. In this review, we describe the main features of the mechanisms of various types of ribozymes that can function with or without the help of proteins to perform their biological functions.
Microglia extracellular vesicles: focus on molecular composition and biological function
Authors: Ceccarelli Lorenzo , Giacomelli Chiara , Marchetti Laura , Martini Claudia
Published: August 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of cell-derived lipid bounded vesicles comprising exosomes and microvesicles. They are potentially produced by all types of cells and are used as a cell-to-cell communication method that allows protein, lipid, and genetic material exchange. Microglia cells produce a large number of EVs both in resting and activated conditions, in the latter case changing their production and related biological effects. Several actions of microglia in the central nervous system are ascribed to EVs, but the molecular mechanisms by which each effect occurs are still largely unknown. Conflicting functions have been ascribed to microglia-derived EVs starting from the neuronal support and ending with the propagation of inflammation and neurodegeneration, confirming the crucial role of these organelles in tuning brain homeostasis. Despite the increasing number of studies reported on microglia-EVs, there is also a lot of fragmentation in the knowledge on the mechanism at the basis of their production and modification of their cargo. In this review, a collection of literature data about the surface and cargo proteins and lipids as well as the miRNA content of EVs produced by microglial cells has been reported. A special highlight was given to the works in which the EV molecular composition is linked to a precise biological function.
Extracellular Hsp90 and protection of neuronal cells through Nrf2
Authors: Calderwood Stuart K. , Borges Thiago J. , Eguchi Takanori , Lang Benjamin J. , Murshid Ayesha , Okusha Yuka , Prince Thomas L.
Published: August 2021

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), although one of the most essential intracellular chaperones, can also play key roles in the extracellular milieu. Here, we review the properties of extracellular Hsp90 in cellular homeostasis in the heat shock response (HSR), focusing on cells of the central nervous system. Hsp90 can be secreted by microglia as well as other cell types by non-canonical pathways of secretion. The chaperone may then influence the behavior of distant cells and can for instance protect neuronal cells from the oxidative burst accompanying phagocytosis by microglia of beta-amyloid fibrils. A mechanism involving activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, and induction of the antioxidant response is reported. We review the potential role of extracellular Hsp90, Nrf2 and transcellular chaperone signaling in the non-cell-intrinsic HSR.
Status of biomarkers for the identification of stable or vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis
Authors: Lubrano Valter , Balzan Silvana
Published: August 2021

Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammation of the arteries characterized by atherosclerotic plaque due to the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, apoptotic cells, calcium and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Stable plaques present a chronic inflammatory infiltration, whereas vulnerable plaques present an ‘active’ inflammation involved in the thinning of the fibrous cap that predisposes to plaque rupture.

Several complex biological cellular processes lead plaques to evolve from stable to vulnerable predisposing them to rupture and thrombosis. In this review, we analyze some emerging circulating biomarkers related to inflammation, ECM and lipid infiltration, angiogenesis, metalloproteinases and microRNA (miRNA), as possible diagnostic and prognostic indicators of plaque vulnerability.
Influence of Tasking During Vestibular Testing
Authors: Makowiec Kathryn , Smith Kaylee , Deeb Ashley , Bennett Erica , Sis Jenni
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different types of tasking on the measurement of peak slow phase velocity (SPV) for caloric testing and rotary chair testing.

Method

This study evaluated the peak SPV response for caloric testing and rotary chair across five conditions. Three verbal, one tactile, and one condition without tasking were used for both caloric testing and rotary chair. The subjects consisted of 20 young adults (age range: 22–33 years,M= 26.65,SD= 3.72; seven male, 13 female) with normal vestibular function and no history of ear surgery or vestibular disorder. Study participation consisted of two visits with 24 hr minimum between each, one for caloric testing and one for rotary chair testing. The test completed at each visit was counterbalanced.

Caloric Testing: The caloric irrigations were performed 5 times, with the ears randomized and tasking conditions randomized.

Rotary Chair Testing: Rotary chair sinusoidal harmonic acceleration testing was performed 5 times at 0.08 Hz with the tasking conditions randomized.

Results

Tasking of any kind resulted in significantly larger peak SPV responses when compared to the no tasking condition for rotary chair testing. When comparing each type of tasking, no significant differences were noted. No significant difference was noted when comparing the conditions with tasking to the no tasking condition for caloric testing.

Conclusions

Clinically, either mental or tactile tasking can be utilized as a method to reduce VOR suppression during rotary chair testing. As no difference was found when comparing different verbal tasks to each other, the type of tasking can be catered to the patient. If verbal tasking cannot be completed, the braiding tactile task is a valid substitution. Caloric results varied widely across subjects and did not reach statistical significance, so conclusions on the need for tasking cannot be drawn.
>25 W pulses from 1.5 μm double‐asymmetric waveguide, 100 μm stripe laser diode with bulk active layer
Authors: Hallman L. W. , Ryvkin B. S. , Avrutin E. A. , Kostamovaara J. T.
Published: August 2021

The experimental characterization of a high‐power pulsed semiconductor laser operating in the eye‐safe spectral range (wavelength around 1.5 m), with an asymmetric waveguide structure, a 100 m wide stripe, and a bulk active layer positioned very close to the p‐cladding, is reported. An anti‐reflection/high reflection coated laser with a stripe width of 100 m exhibits a single‐facet output power over 25 W at a pumping current amplitude of 100 A.
Five‐way radial filtering power divider using back‐to‐back quarter‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide and microstrip resonator
Authors: Chen Shoulei , Qi Shishan , Chen Xing , Sun Guangchao , Wu Wen
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a five‐way filtering power divider (FPD) based on a back‐to‐back quarter‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (QMSIW) and microstrip resonator. The FPD is composed of two layers of the dielectric substrate. Back‐to‐back QMSIWs and microstrip resonators are designed on the dielectric substrate 1. On the dielectric substrate 2, the SIW circular cavity is excited by a coaxial probe to realize the power dividing function and is coupled with QMSIWs through five rectangular slots. The measurement results show that the minimum insertion loss of the FPD is 1.2 dB at 9 GHz, the measured functional bandwidth is 4%, and the stopband attenuation from 10 to 19.8 GHz is better than 35 dB, the stopband attenuation at frequencies below 8.3 GHz is greater than 45 dB.
Adaptive robust optimal dispatch of microgrid based on different robust adjustment parameters
Authors: Yang Jun , Su Changqi , Wang Zhiliang
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a microgrid adaptive robust optimal dispatch model with different robust adjustment parameters to improve the operating economy and safety of large‐scale renewable distributed energy integration into the microgrid system. Through a robust equivalent process, considering the uncertain characteristics of the renewable energy output and load demand in the microgrid, the uncertain parameters are converted into corresponding definite parameters. A two‐stage robust optimization model is established to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid under the premise of ensuring the robustness of the microgrid. An improved Benders algorithm is proposed to solve the established optimization model. The different robust adjustment parameters can be obtained adaptively through the optimization program. The optimized adaptive robust adjustment parameters can better reflect the balance between the economy and robustness of the microgrid operation, and are more suitable for the operation of the microgrid. The improved Benders algorithm can effectively speed up the solution and improve the efficiency of the solution. The simulation of the modified IEEE39‐bus system verifies the rationality of the proposed optimization model and the advantages of the improved algorithm.
MPI: Multi‐receptive and parallel integration for salient object detection
Authors: Sun Han , Cen Jun , Liu Ningzhong , Liang Dong , Zhou Huiyu
Published: August 2021

The semantic representation of deep features is essential for image context understanding, and effective fusion of features with different semantic representations can significantly improve the model's performance on salient object detection. This paper proposes a novel method called multi‐receptive and parallel integration, for salient object detection. Firstly, a multi‐receptive enhancement module is designed to effectively expand the receptive fields of features from different layers and generate features with different receptive fields. Multi‐receptive enhancement module can enhance the semantic representation and improve the model's perception of the image context, which enables the model to locate the salient object accurately. Secondly, in order to reduce the reuse of redundant information in the complex top‐down fusion method and weaken the differences between semantic features, a relatively simple but effective parallel fusion strategy is proposed. It allows multi‐scale features to better interact with each other, thus improving the overall performance of the model. Experimental results on multiple datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods under different evaluation metrics.
Continuous decision‐making for autonomous driving at intersections using deep deterministic policy gradient
Authors: Li Guofa , Li Shenglong , Li Shen , Qu Xingda
Published: August 2021

Intersections have been identified as the most complex and accident‐prone traffic scenarios on road. Making appropriate decisions at intersections for driving safety, efficiency, and comfort become a challenging task for autonomous vehicles (AVs). The existing research on AV decision‐making at intersections either considers a single scenario only with discrete behaviour outputs or ignores the requirements for driving efficiency and comfort. To address these problems, this study proposed a deep reinforcement learning based continuous decision‐making method to make AVs drive through intersections. The proposed method establishes an end‐to‐end decision‐making framework by using a convolutional neural network to map the relationship between traffic images and vehicle operations. The interaction between the AV and other vehicles was modelled as a Markov decision process (MDP), and a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm was employed to solve the MDP problem and obtain the optimal driving policy. The top three accident‐prone crossing path crash scenarios at intersections were realized in CARLA to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed method could provide effective policies to ensure driving safety and efficiency while considering driving comfort for autonomous driving at intersections in all the examined scenarios.
Research on adaptive cruise control algorithm considering road conditions
Authors: Yang Zhi , He Rui , Zhang Sumin , Wu Jian
Published: August 2021

As one of the most important ADAS systems, traditional adaptive cruise control is only suitable for relatively simple working conditions such as expressways, and it is difficult to deal with complex traffic environment and road working conditions. For the problem that the traditional cruise control strategy cannot effectively use the terrain to reduce vehicle fuel consumption under slope conditions and when the vehicle enters a small radius curve such as a ramp, the excessively high turning speed will cause the vehicle to skid. This paper proposes an adaptive cruise control system architecture with adaptability to multiple operating conditions. Simulation and real‐vehicle test results show that the adaptive control system architecture and optimisation algorithm proposed in this paper have good applicability to road conditions, and improve the economy of the system under ramp conditions and safety under curve conditions.
SRG/ART-XC, Swift, NICER, and NuSTAR study of different states of the transient X-ray pulsar MAXI J0903–531
Authors: Tsygankov Sergey S. , Molkov Sergey V. , Doroshenko Victor , Mushtukov Alexander A. , Mereminskiy Ilya A. , Semena Andrei N. , Thalhammer Philipp , Wilms Jörn , Lutovinov Alexander A.
Published: August 2021

The results of the broadband spectral and timing study of the recently discovered transient X-ray pulsar MAXI J0903–531 in a wide range of luminosities that differ by a factor of ~30 are reported. The observed X-ray spectrum in both states can be described as a classical pulsar-like spectrum consisting of a power law with a high-energy cutoff. We argue that the absence of the spectrum transformation to the two-hump structure that is expected at low fluxes indicates that the magnetic field of the neutron star is relatively weak below (2–3) × 1012 G. This estimate is consistent with other indirect constraints and non-detection of any absorption features that might be interpreted as a cyclotron absorption line. The timing analysis of the NuSTAR data revealed only slight variations of a single-peaked pulse profile of the source as a function of the energy band and mass accretion rate. In both intensity states, the pulsed fraction increases from 40% to roughly 80% with the energy. Finally, we were also able to obtain the orbital solution for the binary system using data from the Fermi/GBM, NICER, and NuSTAR instruments.
The origin of the anomalous low-frequency vibrational behaviour of
amorphous solids
Authors: ELLIOTT S. R.
Published: August 2021

The anomalous vibrational behaviour exhibited by non-crystalline materials - a peak in
the vibrational density of states, and in the Raman spectrum (the boson peak) at low
frequencies, and a peak in the heat capacity and a plateau in the thermal conductivity at
low temperatures - is ascribed ta phonon localization associated with the strong
scattering of phonons by density-fluctuation domains in the structure. Within such
domains, short-range and medium-range arder is maintained, and outside them the
material is structurally homogeneous and isotropie. This model can also explain the
correlation between the boson-peak frequency and the position of the first sharp
diffraction peak in the structure factor observed in a number of inorganie and
polymerie amorphous solids.
Distribution des contraintes dans les assemblages collés :
Authors: Fargette B. , Gilibert Y. , Rimlinger L.
Published: August 2021

We have studied the agreement between theoretical computations and experimental results of surface strains of bonded joints of two types : tenon and mortise, and single-lap joints, for different lengths of the lap. For instance, with the single-lap joint, we have tested four lengths of the overlap from 14 mm to 88 mm. Surface strains are measured by an extensometrical method with electrical gauges, when the specimen is loaded in uniaxial traction on a universal testing
machine.

Experimental results and computations made by an improved method like the asymptotic expansion method agree, but only if the global traction load applied on the specimen is low, or if the overlap in respect with the others dimensions of the section of test specimen is long.

In these joints, effectively, stress fields are disrupted near the butts and become very difficult to compute. Actually, near the ends of the overlap, stresses can reach high limits with only low global load applied on the test specimen. With a short length of the overlap, linear behaviour disappears almost totally because of a strong interaction of the two perturbed fields. On the contrary, with a high length of overlap, stress fields become linear on the major part of the
overlap , even with a high tensile load applied on the specimen. So, the length of the overlap has a great effect on the linear behaviour of the joint.
Aspirationstherapie einer Trikuspidalklappenvegetation bei Rechtsherzendokarditis nach infektiöser Endokarditis eines kardialen Implantats in einer Hochrisikokonstellation
Authors: Heger Lukas Andreas , Sekandarzad Asieb , Wengenmayer Tobias
Published: August 2021

Die Inzidenz von Rechtsherzendokarditiden nach Infektion kardialer Implantate ist in den letzten Jahren gestiegen und mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auf die zunehmende Anzahl an Implantationen zurückzuführen. Die Katheter-gestützte Aspirationstherapie kann eine Therapieoption in einer Hochrisikokonstellation darstellen.

Anamnese Ein 65-jährige Patient wurde aufgrund einer Rechtsherzendokarditis mit Beteiligung eines kardialen elektronischen Implantats überwiesen. Vorbestehend war eine ischämische Kardiomyopathie bei 3-Gefäß-KHK mit Z. n. extrakorporaler kardiopulmonaler Reanimation mit entsprechend sekundär prophylaktischer Implantation eines Kardioverter-Defibrillators.

Untersuchung und Diagnose Echokardiografisch zeigten sich Endokarditis-typische Vegetationen an der Sonde des Kardioverter-Defibrillators sowie an der kompetenten nativen Trikuspidalklappe. In der weiterführenden Diagnostik ergab sich ein Nachweis einer mutmaßlich septischen pulmonalen Embolie.

Therapie und Verlauf Primär erfolgte die Explantation des Kardioverter-Defibrillators. Bei persistierender Bakteriämie und im Verlauf protrahiertem septischem Schock erfolgte eine umfassende antiinfektive Therapie. Zur Fokussanierung erfolgte bei hohem operativem Mortalitätsrisiko im interdisziplinären Konsens eine interventionelle Aspirationstherapie der Vegetation mithilfe herkömmlicher kardiologischer Kathetertechnik unter Erhalt der Klappenfunktionalität

Folgerung Eine Katheter-gestützte Aspirationstherapie bei Rechtsherzendokarditis kann in einer Hochrisikokonstellation eine Alternative zur operativen Versorgung darstellen, bleibt jedoch aufgrund der unzureichenden Studienlage eine individuelle Therapieentscheidung.