bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POR MAIS SOCIEDADE NO ESTADO: OS ESTUDOS DE RENATO BOSCHI SOBRE MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NA REDEMOCRATIZAÇÃO
Authors: Cannone Helio Maurício Pirajá
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio pretende-se uma leitura do célebre estudo A arte da associação do professor Renato Boschi. A intepretação que seguimos é a de que, em um contexto intelectual de crítica sociológica ao papel do Estado e de ênfase na sociedade civil, a obra contribuiu com uma visão matizada desta relação. Para além de uma abordagem interacionista, Renato Boschi propõe que seria preciso colocar mais sociedade no Estado, para só assim fortalecer a então renascida democracia brasileira.
la filosofía (no solo) con niños: escuchar, cuidar, escribir, transmitir
Authors: Farran Roque
Published: December 2020

In this article, I intend to link four topics or essential acts of philosophical practice: listening, caring, writing and transmitting, with special attention to children--what they inspire and teach us about philosophical practice, with special attention to the situation of confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. A first task is to recover the function of listening and desire, in the context of the concept and the game, and against any abuse or violence. Second, we emphasize the role of care--its expansion and reformulation in these difficult circumstances, especially in interrupting the logic of servitude and of the activity-debt-reward circuit by way of the pleasure of inquiry. Third, we practice writing as a technology of self that overcomes the dichotomy between personal and academic form, in order to become a practice of care and transmission, along with other self-practices: abstinence, self-examination, exercises, etc. Finally, we consider the question of the “Name of the Father”--how to understand the decline of patriarchy in relation to love, self-esteem, the transmission and the use of a symbolic legacy, given that the decline in question is not merely a weakening, but an unfolding of a singular-generic power that binds us together: learning to decline names, words, concepts, and traditions, which  is what drives true subject formation.
hermeneutical injustice and outsourced domestic girl-child labour
Authors: Abakedi Dominic Effiong , Iwuagwu Emmanuel Kelechi , Egbai Mary Julius
Published: December 2020

We observed that despite international declarations on child-rights, outsourced domestic girl-child labour still persists. Raising the question whether outsourced domestic girl-child labour constitutes hermeneutical injustice, we respond affirmatively. Relying on two indigenous victimology-narratives that are newspaper reports, we expose some of the horrors that the victims of outsourced domestic girl-child labour suffer. Comparing these reports with other victimology-narratives of hermeneutical injustice as reported by Miranda Fricker and Hilkje Hänel, we argue that the victims of outsourced domestic girl-child labour suffer a hermeneutical gap and hermeneutical interference; and that the perpetuators of this practice, help to foster what we call ‘hermeneutical obstruction’. We recommend different counteracting measures such as: a radical feminization of educational curricula, which will allow for the introduction of the relevant hermeneutical resources that female children need in making sense of their experiences, into the classrooms and other places of learning; establishing feminist liberation agencies in all schools, religious institutions and hospitals, as ways of increasing the level of awareness about the rights of the  girl-child in children and adults; feminizing legislation and legislative processes, to allow for the enactment of laws to protect the rights of the girl-child; and campaigning for a more rigorous enforcement of child-rights laws.
Estado democrático desenvolvimentista e desenvolvimento endógeno
Authors: PANASSOL PAULO EDUARDO
Published: December 2020

Esse artigo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa exploratória, tendo como método o estudo bibliográfico, visando compreender o processo de desenvolvimento endógeno em um país periférico como o Brasil, a partir da perspectiva de Celso Furtado, tendo em vista a sua contribuição diferenciada em termos de rigor metodológico e da liberdade de pensar, do papel do Estado, além de apresentar alguns “guias” de política. Depreende-se da pesquisa realizada que, para a superação do subdesenvolvimento e alcance da homogeneização social, deve-se promover o desenvolvimento endógeno com base num Estado democrático desenvolvimentista, devendo o cientista abandonar as explicações cômodas oriundas de doutrinas amparadas no reducionismo econômico que não levam em conta os problemas que corroem o organismo social.
EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: PADRONIZADA, REMOTA, DOMICILIAR E DESIGUAL
Authors: Cunha Thiago Colmenero , Scrivano Isabel , Vieira Erick Da Silva
Published: December 2020

O presente manuscrito tem por objetivo discutir como as estratégias de educação remota implementadas nas redes estadual e municipal de ensino do Rio de Janeiro funcionam como ferramentas de acirramento das desigualdades sociais e educacionais durante o tempo de isolamento social imposto como forma de evitar o contágio pela COVID-19. Para apresentar como isso se efetiva no cotidiano escolar em tempos pandêmicos, utiliza-se como dispositivo de análise entrevistas com profissionais de educação sobre o ensino remoto padronizado adotado nas referidas redes de ensino. Por fim, problematizamos a discussão sobre uma estratégia considerada inevitável no momento: uma (im)possível educação domiciliar por parte das famílias
Em tempos de pandemia, luz, câmera e ação para a educação online: do discurso à prática desejada
Authors: Oliveira Adriele Da Silva Freitas , Abreu Alessandra Da Costa , Oliveira Ana Paula Da Silva Conceição
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre as propostas de educação remota que têm sido adotadas por escolas da rede pública e particular de ensino de modo a atender a exigência anual no cumprimento de 800 horas aulas estabelecida pela LDB 9394/96, também durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19 e quarentena decretada pelos chefes dos poderes executivos. Para isso, analisamos três diretrizes diferentes, seguidas por instituições de ensino nos âmbitos federal, estadual e municipal pertencentes ao Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este debate se faz necessário na medida em que políticas de educação na perspectiva transmissiva de educação a distância, equivocadamente denominadas de online, estão sendo implantadas ignorando que a dificuldade no acesso a internet ainda é uma realidade brasileira.
A PEDAGOGIA DO VÍRUS: COTIDIANOS E EDUCAÇÕES NÃO PRESENCIAIS
Authors: Nolasco-Silva Leonardo , Lo Bianco Vittorio , Delgado Matheus Franco
Published: December 2020

Neste ensaio, tecido em parceria por praticantes das pesquisas “nos/dos/com os cotidianos escolares”, partimos de uma ideia anunciada por Boaventura de Sousa Santos, para quem o vírus é um pedagogo que está tentando nos dizer alguma coisa. A título de recorte, iremos pensar as implicações dessa pedagogia do vírus para o campo da educação, focando nas ações institucionais, políticas e mercadológicas que buscam instituir formas diversas de ensino não presencial, cujas denominações variam em cada cenário, para realizar um objetivo que virou uma espécie de mantra: “a educação não pode parar”. Para tanto, nosso lócus de observação serão algumas iniciativas de ensino remoto experimentadas no âmbito da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (Seeduc).
Miscarriage, SUDI and neonatal death: paramedic experience and practice
Authors: Reed Kate , Ferazzoli Maria Teresa , Whitby Elspeth
Published: December 2020

This article aims to provide an exploratory investigation into paramedic experiences of attending cases of miscarriage, sudden and unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and other forms of neonatal loss. It draws on a background literature review, but focuses primarily on exploring issues raised by paramedics during a structured discussion group on this topic. Existing literature highlights the ways in which baby and infant death is one of the most stressful and challenging areas of paramedic practice. Paramedics participating in our discussion group reinforced this issue, identifying five key areas of concern: baby loss as a rare occurrence, resuscitation, lack of information concerning the post-admissions process, professional closure, and support to parents. Further research is needed, along with better support and guidelines to assist paramedics with a wide range of issues from resuscitation to bereavement.
Housing Market Access in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: Between the Financial and the Pandemic Crises
Authors: Antunes Gonçalo , Seixas João
Published: December 2020

The Portuguese housing market underwent major transformations between 2010 and 2020. Until then, a delicate but resentful stability had long existed, with distorted rent schemes and low annual price increases proportional to the national economy and the income of the Portuguese population. After the financial crisis, several internal and external variables converged to dramatically change this scenario. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have centred their attention on the difficulties that the Portuguese urban middle-class populations are facing in trying to find homes. This paper analyses these challenges and their impact quantitatively, focusing on the affordability of housing for purchase or rent and considering synthetic indicators for average household incomes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area between the beginning of 2016 and the end of 2019. The results show that the cost of buying or renting a house in the main Portuguese urban system has become much more detached from local incomes. The article concludes with reflections on the structural reasons for the enduring inequalities in the housing markets and the difficulties recognising territorial cohesion and spatial justice as important elements shaping urban and housing policies in Portugal.
Confronting Islamophobia through Social Work Education: A Cohort Study
Authors: Savani Shahnaz , Webb Ann E. , McCarty Dawn
Published: December 2020

As part of an ongoing curriculum assessment project, faculty associated with the Bachelor's level social work program of the University of Houston-Downtown identified a significant gap in the enrollment of Muslim students as compared to the community at large. In addressing concerns related both to implicit and explicit curricula, the social work faculty developed several action items to address this gap, including the creation of a project to assess student knowledge regarding issues affecting the Muslim community. As part of this effort, a classroom-based intervention was developed, specifically addressing issues of Islamophobia. The intervention was administered to both BSW and MSW students at affiliated universities in the same city. Using a one group, quasi-experimental design, 88 students (70 BSW students and 18 MSW students) participated in a 60-minute classroom intervention session with pre- and post-test surveys administered to assess student knowledge and attitude change. Findings suggest a significant increase in knowledge and a positive change in certain attitudes post-intervention. Implications include the addition of a teaching component on Islamophobia to support the social justice-specific competency, and activities to address larger campus-wide climate issues to support a culturally appropriate and inclusive welcoming environment for Muslim students.
War by Other Means: Fighting “Radicalization” in France (2014–2019)
Authors: Bounaga Aïcha , Esmili Hamza
Published: December 2020

In his lectures of 1976 at the Collège de France, “Society must be defended“, Foucault reversed the famous Clausewitz's aphorism1and stated that “politics is the continuation of war by other means”. By doing so, he addressed a strong critique to the traditional theory of the State1, which consisted in the refutation of the ontological distinction between modern government and war.

Following on Foucault's remarks, this article aims to understand the form of power that rises through modern Islamophobia in France, and specificallyviathe struggle against what is called “radicalization”. Thus, the definition of “radicalization” is used by the State to re-establish its symbolic borders and to define the internal enemy, allowing the continuation of “the war by other means”. Therefore, the struggle against “radicalization” consists in at least two specific forms of power: the punishment, highlighted by the contemporary upheavals in antiterrorist justice, and the disciplinary apparatus designed to prevent “radicalization” through a psychopathological approach. Hence, a variety of institutions are mobilized for the surveillance and neutralization of Muslim populations, such as school, prison and social welfare.

The article combines a short genealogy of the notion (within both academic and political fields) and the results of a long-term fieldwork conducted in France with relatives of those who went tojihad, as well as observations of antiterrorist trials and interviews with social workers. In both cases, the article aims to demonstrate that “radicalization” is the key notion that allows the State to re-impose its sovereignty on its subjects and territory.
Frequency drift mitigation of Φ-OTDR using difference-fitting method
Authors: Zhao Rui , Yuan Hongyu , Jin Baoquan , Xu Yuelin , Chen Yu , Liu Xin , Bai Qing , Wang Yu
Published: December 2020

A difference-fitting method is proposed to mitigate the low frequency drift of a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (

Φ

-OTDR) system caused by laser phase noise. The effective difference region for phase demodulation is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified, which should be greater than the convolution of the spatial resolution and the length of disturbed optical fiber. Then, a median-fitting algorithm is used to obtain the phase noise of the differential region. The vibration signal of 0.2 Hz is first demodulated with the SNR of 41.79 dB on the optical fiber of 11 km. The low-frequency vibration signals of 0.05 Hz and 0.02 Hz are then successfully restored by using the difference-fitting method, which can effectively eliminate the influence of low frequency drift.
Control and readout of a superconducting qubit using a cryogenic photonic link
Authors: Lecocq F. , Aumentado J. , Diddams S. A. , Quinlan F. J. , Teufel J. D.
Published: December 2020

We perform the control and readout of a superconducting qubit using microwave signals generated by a high-speed photodiode operating a 20mK. We demonstrate fast single-qubit gates and high-fidelity single-shot readout while maintaining high qubit coherence.
Multi-Ion Quantum Logic Driven by Integrated Optics
Authors: Zhang Chi , Mehta Karan K. , Malinowski Maciej , Nguyen Thanh-Long , Stadler Martin , Home Jonathan P.
Published: December 2020

We use trap-integrated optics to drive 2-qubit quantum gate, generating Bell-states with fidelities 99.3(2)%. Integration simultaneously brings robustness and paralleliz-ability to trapped-ion control, of interest for large-scale quantum computing.
Transverse-field Ising Dynamics by Rydberg Dressing in a Cold Dilute Gas
Authors: Borish Victoria , Marković Ognjen , Hines Jacob , Rajagopal Shankari , Schleier-Smith Monika
Published: December 2020

Rydberg dressing provides optically controllable interactions between neutral atoms, of interest for generating many-body entanglement. We demonstrate these interactions and emulate transverse-field Ising dynamics in a cold gas of cesium atoms.
Loss Tolerant Quantum State Tomography by Measuring Wigner Function Overlap
Authors: Eaton Miller , Nehra Rajveer , González-Arciniegas Carlos , Kim M. S. , Pfister Olivier
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrate quantum tomography of a single-photon state, with no assumptions or approximations, by measuring its Wigner function overlap with coherent states. The method is robust to noise and compensates for known loss.
High-fidelity quantum teleportation of time-bin qubits at telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Valivarthi Raju , Davis Samantha , Narváez Lautaro , Gim Yewon , Hussein Meraj , Iskander George , Korzh Boris , Lauk Nikolai , Mueller Andrew , Oblak Daniel , Peña Cristián , Rominsky Mandy , Shaw Matthew , Simon Christoph , Sinclair Neil , Spentzouris Panagiotis , Spiropulu Maria , Tang Dawn , Xie Si
Published: December 2020

Quantum teleportation is important for fundamental physics studies and quantum network technologies. We teleport time-bin qubits with high fidelity of 91 1% at telecom-wavelength using off-the-shelf fiber-based components and custom DAQ± systems.
Direct temporal mode measurement of pulse-pumped parametric processes by stimulated emission
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Xiaoying , Ou Z. Y.
Published: December 2020

We discuss a novel method that measures directly the exact form of temporal modes in pulse-pumped parametric processes via stimulated emission. The method works for both low gain and high gain cases.
A Quantum Computer Architecture Based on Silicon Donor Qubits Coupled by Photons
Authors: Yan Xiruo , Asavanant Warit , Kamakari Hirsh , Wu Jingda , Young Jeff , Raussendorf Robert
Published: December 2020

We describe an architecture for fault-tolerant universal quantum computation suited for donor qubits in silicon, coupled by photonic interconnects. The required quantum primitives are local measurements/unitaries, and a non-local Pauli measurement.
Towards a Quantum Memory: Effects of Hyperfine Structure on Atomic Frequency Combs in Pr:YSO
Authors: Sharma Aditya N. , Ritter Martin , Singh Robinjeet , Goldschmidt Elizabeth A. , Migdall Alan L.
Published: December 2020

We experimentally prepare 120 MHz-bandwidth atomic frequency combs. High-quality comb formation – and thus high-efficiency retrieval of stored pulses – only occurs for certain tooth spacings, due to the hyperfine energy-level spacings.
Scaling-up quantum technologies with solid-state single-photon sources
Authors: Somaschi Niccolo , Ollivier Helene , Giesz Valerian , Senellart Pascale
Published: December 2020

We present the latest advancements of solid-state based quantum light sources with higher brightness and quantum purity over several devices, demonstrating clear reproducibility of top-performances necessary for their large-scale implementation in optical quantum technologies.
Entanglement demonstration onboard a nano-satellite
Authors: Villar Aitor , Lohrmann Alexander , Bai Xueliang , Vergoosen Tom , Bedington Robert , Perumangatt Chithrabahnu , Lim Huai Ying , Islam Tanvirul , Reezwana Ayesha , Tang Zhongkan , Chandrasekara Rakhitha , Sachidananda Subash , Durak Kadir , Wildfeuer Christoph F. , Griffin Douglas , Oi Daniel K. L. , Ling Alexander
Published: December 2020

Polarization entangled photon-pairs are generated and detected onboard a 3U CubeSat in low-Earth orbit that violate Bell’s inequality with a CHSH parameter of 2.60 ± 0.06. These results pave the way for space-based quantum networks.
Quantum Metasurfaces
Authors: Bekenstein Rivka , Pikovski Igor , Pichler Hannes , Shahmoon Ephraim , Yelin Susanne F. , Lukin Mikhail D.
Published: December 2020

We introduce quantum metasurfaces: a new interface for quantum light-matter interaction which is realized by atomic arrays, and enables generation of atom-photon entanglement and many-body photonic states suitable for quantum information processing.
Telecom quantum network node with neutral atoms coupled to photonic crystal cavities
Authors: Menon Shankar G. , Singh Kevin , Borregaard Johannes , Bernien Hannes
Published: December 2020

Here we propose a quantum network node with neutral atoms coupled to a nanophotonic crystal cavity. The proposed system combines highly coherent qubit properties with efficient light matter interaction and an integrated telecom interface.
Photon-photon processes in Room-Temperature Rubidium cells using effective χ2 nonlinearities
Authors: Sagona-Stophel Steven , Du Dounan , Figueroa Eden
Published: December 2020

We investigate how a simple room-temperature Rb cell can exhibit both linear and nonlinear quantum processes and achieve a number of benchmarks toward two-photon gate operation, including large photon-photon phase shifts at high-fidelity and optimizing an EIT-enhanced effective χ2 nonlinearity.
A Coherently-Boosted SU(1,1) Interferometer for High-Bandwidth Analog Photonics
Authors: Spellmeyer Neal W. , Wang Jade P. , Yarnall Timothy M. , Ben Dixon P. , Hamilton Scott A.
Published: December 2020

SU(1,1) coherently-boosted interferometers improve signal-to-noise ratio beyond the shot-noise limit with less loss-sensitivity than standard squeezing techniques. We investigate using this approach to benefit high-bandwidth analog photonic links.
Quantum bounds to localization of partially coherent emitters
Authors: Wadood S. A. , Zhou Yiyu , Yang Jing , Alonso M. A. , Qian X.-F. , Malhotra T. , Hashemi Rafsanjani S. M. , Jordan Andrew N. , Boyd Robert W. , Vamivakas. A. Nick
Published: December 2020

Partial coherence between two photon sources sets a bound on their spatial resolution. We demonstrate that partial anticorrelation between the sources increases the resolution sensitivity. We also show decreased sensitivity for complete coherence.
Hidden Entanglement in Gaussian Cluster States
Authors: Gonzáldez-Arciniegas Carlos , Pfister Olivier , Nussenzveig Paulo , Martinelli Marcelo
Published: December 2020

Due to finite squeezing effects, some Gaussian states seem to approximate CV graph states that don’t follow the Gaussian state entanglement structure. We show that, the application of single mode squeezing can reveal that structure.
Regulation of photosensation by hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants in C. elegans
Authors: Zhang Wenyuan , He Feiteng , Ronan Elizabeth A. , Liu Hongkang , Gong Jianke , Liu Jianfeng , Xu X.Z. Shawn
Published: December 2020

The eyeless C. elegans exhibits robust phototaxis behavior in response to short-wavelength light, particularly UV light. C. elegans senses light through LITE-1, a unique photoreceptor protein that belongs to the invertebrate taste receptor family. However, it remains unclear how LITE-1 is regulated. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen for genes that when mutated suppress LITE-1 function. One group of lite-1 suppressors are the genes required for producing the two primary antioxidants thioredoxin and glutathione, suggesting that oxidization of LITE-1 inhibits its function. Indeed, the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) suppresses phototaxis behavior and inhibits the photoresponse in photoreceptor neurons, whereas other sensory behaviors are relatively less vulnerable to H2O2. Conversely, antioxidants can rescue the phenotype of lite-1 suppressor mutants and promote the photoresponse. As UV light illumination generates H2O2, we propose that upon light activation of LITE-1, light-produced H2O2 then deactivates LITE-1 to terminate the photoresponse, while antioxidants may promote LITE-1’s recovery from its inactive state. Our studies provide a potential mechanism by which H2O2 and antioxidants act synergistically to regulate photosensation in C. elegans.
Leprosy in a prison population: A new active search strategy and a prospective clinical analysis
Authors: Bernardes Filho Fred , Santana Jaci Maria , de Almeida Regina Coeli Palma , Voltan Glauber , de Paula Natália Aparecida , Leite Marcel Nani , Silva Claudia Maria Lincoln , Tormena Camila , Basoli Lean , Menezes Joelma , da Silva Moises Batista , Spencer John Stewart , Marques Wilson , Foss Norma Tiraboschi , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani
Published: December 2020

Background

This study evaluates an active search strategy for leprosy diagnosis based on responses to a Leprosy Suspicion Questionnaire (LSQ), and analyzing the clinical, immunoepidemiological and follow-up aspects for individuals living in a prison population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire posing 14 questions about leprosy symptoms and signs that was distributed to 1,400 prisoners. This was followed by dermatoneurological examination, anti-PGL-I serology and RLEP-PCR. Those without leprosy were placed in the Non-leprosy Group (NLG, n = 1,216) and those diagnosed with clinical symptoms of leprosy were placed in the Leprosy Group (LG, n = 34).

Findings

In total, 896 LSQ were returned (64%), and 187 (20.9%) of the responses were deemed as positive for signs/symptoms, answering 2.7 questions on average. Clinically, 1,250 (89.3%) of the prisoners were evaluated resulting in the diagnosis of 34 new cases (LG), based on well-accepted clinical signs and symptoms, a new case detection rate of 2.7% within this population, while the NLG were comprised of 1,216 individuals. The confinement time medians were 39 months in the LG while it was 36 months in the NLG (p>0.05). The 31 leprosy cases who responded to the questionnaire (LSQ+) had an average of 1.5 responses. The symptoms “anesthetized skin area” and “pain in nerves” were most commonly mentioned in the LG while “tingling, numbness in the hands/feet”, “sensation of pricks and needles”, “pain in nerves” and “spots on the skin” responses were found in more than 30% of questionnaires in the NLG. Clinically, 88.2% had dysesthetic macular skin lesions and 97.1% presented some peripheral nerve impairment, 71.9% with some degree of disability. All cases were multibacillary, confirming a late diagnosis. Anti-PGL-I results in the LG were higher than in the NLG (p<0.0001), while the RLEP-PCR was positive in 11.8% of the patients.

Interpretation

Our findings within the penitentiary demonstrated a hidden prevalence of leprosy, although the individuals diagnosed were likely infected while living in their former communities and not as a result of exposure in the prison. The LSQ proved to be an important screening tool to help identify leprosy cases in prisons.
Rivaroxaban improves vascular response in LPS-induced acute inflammation in experimental models
Authors: Daci Armond , Da Dalt Lorenzo , Alaj Rame , Shurdhiqi Shpejtim , Neziri Burim , Ferizi Rrahman , Danilo Norata Giuseppe , Krasniqi Shaip
Published: December 2020

Rivaroxaban (RVX) was suggested to possess anti-inflammatory and vascular tone modulatory effects. The goal of this study was to investigate whether RVX impacts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute vascular inflammatory response. Male rats were treated with 5 mg/kg RVX (oral gavage) followed by 10 mg/kg LPS i.p injection. Circulating levels of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in plasma 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection, while isolated aorta was used for gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and vascular tone evaluation. RVX pre-treatment significantly reduced LPS mediated increase after 6h and 24h for IL-6 (4.4±2.2 and 2.8±1.7 fold), MCP-1 (1.4±1.5 and 1.3±1.4 fold) VCAM-1 (1.8±2.0 and 1.7±2.1 fold). A similar trend was observed in the aorta for iNOS (5.5±3.3 and 3.3±1.9 folds reduction, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively), VCAM-1 (1.3±1.2 and 1.4±1.3 fold reduction, P<0.05), and MCP-1 (3.9±2.2 and 1.9±1.6 fold reduction, P<0.01). Moreover, RVX pre-treatment, improved LPS-induced PE contractile dysfunction in aortic rings (ControlvsLPS, Emax reduction = 35.4 and 31.19%, P<0.001; ControlvsLPS+RVX, Emax reduction = 10.83 and 11.48%, P>0.05, respectively), resulting in 24.5% and 19.7% change in maximal constriction in LPS and LPS+RVX respectively. These data indicate that RVX pre-treatment attenuates LPS-induced acute vascular inflammation and contractile dysfunction.
Arch expansion with the Invisalign system: Efficacy and predictability
Authors: Morales-Burruezo Ignacio , Gandía-Franco José-Luis , Cobo Juan , Vela-Hernández Arturo , Bellot-Arcís Carlos
Published: December 2020

Background

In adult patients, treatment of skeletal crossbite requires combined treatment by fixed or removable appliances and orthognathic surgery. In cases of dentoalveolar crossbite, expansion can be achieved with fixed multibrackets and removable transparent aligners. Various researchers have already assessed the Invisalign system’s predictability for arch expansion. However, most of this research was conducted using older appliances, making it necessary to assess the characteristics of the updated system SmartTrack.

Material and methods

A sample of 114 patients with transverse malocclusion were treated with SmartTrack. The predictability of the system’s software (Clincheck) was assessed by comparing planned measurements (width of canines, premolars and molars rotations and inclinations) with the real measurements achieved at the end of the first treatment phase. Measurements were imported to Clincheck software to create three data sets; T1: initial measurements at start of treatment; T2: Clincheck predicted measurements at end of first treatment phase; T3: measurements taken at start of the second treatment phase.

Results

Widths underwent significant advances as a result of treatment. For all widths, virtual planning obtained prognoses of greater expansion than actually achieved: a mean of 0.63 mm more expansion at the canine level (p<0.001), 0.77 mm at first premolar (p<0.001), 0.81 at second premolar (p<0.001), 0.69 mm at first molar (p<0.001), and 0.25 mm at second molar (p = 0.183). All the treatment plan’s estimations, with the exception of the second molar, were significantly higher than the actual outcomes.

Conclusions

Aligners are an effective tool for producing arch expansion, being more effective in premolar area and less effective in canine and second molar area. Predictability was reasonable for expansion movement. Overcorrection should be considered at the virtual planning stage in order to obtain the expected outcomes.
Dietary nutrients of relative importance associated with coronary artery disease: Public health implication from random forest analysis
Authors: Basnet Til Bahadur , G. C. Srijana , Basnet Rajesh , Neupane Bidusha
Published: December 2020

Dietary nutrients have significant effects on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the results were not uniform across different countries. The study aims to determine the relative importance of dietary nutrients associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) among the Nepalese population. A hospital-based matched case-control study was carried out at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center in Nepal. In the present study, patients with more than seventy percent stenosis in any main coronary artery branch in angiography were defined as cases, while those presenting normal coronary angiography or negative for stressed exercise test were considered controls. Dietary intakes of 612 respondents over the past 12 months were evaluated using a semi-quantitative customized food frequency questionnaire. In conditional regression model, the daily average dietary intake of β-carotene (OR: 0.54; 95%CI: 0.34, 0.87), and vitamin C (OR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93, 0.99) were inversely, whereas dietary carbohydrate (OR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.24), total fat/oil (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.69), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (OR: 1.2; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.3), cholesterol (OR: 1.01; 95%CI: 1.001, 1.014), and iron intakes (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.19) were positively linked with CAD. Moreover, in random forest analysis, the daily average dietary intakes of SFA, vitamin A, total fat/oil, β-carotene, and cholesterol were among the top five nutrients (out of 12 nutrients variables) of relative importance associated with CAD. The nutrients of relative importance imply a reasonable preventive measure in public health nutrients specific intervention to prevent CAD in a resource-poor country like Nepal. The findings are at best suggestive of a possible relationship between these nutrients and the development of CAD, but prospective cohort studies and randomized control trials will need to be performed in the Nepalese population.
Unified control of amoeboid pseudopod extension in multiple organisms by branched F-actin in the front and parallel F-actin/myosin in the cortex
Authors: van Haastert Peter J. M.
Published: December 2020

The trajectory of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. The direction of pseudopods has been well studied to unravel mechanisms for chemotaxis, wound healing and inflammation. However, the kinetics of pseudopod extension–when and why do pseudopods start and stop- is equally important, but is largely unknown. Here the START and STOP of about 4000 pseudopods was determined in four different species, at four conditions and in nine mutants (fast amoeboidsDictyosteliumand neutrophils, slow mesenchymal stem cells, and fungusB.d.chytridwith pseudopod and a flagellum). The START of a first pseudopod is a random event with a probability that is species-specific (23%/s for neutrophils). In all species and conditions, the START of a second pseudopod is strongly inhibited by the extending first pseudopod, which depends on parallel filamentous actin/myosin in the cell cortex. Pseudopods extend at a constant rate by polymerization of branched F-actin at the pseudopod tip, which requires the Scar complex. The STOP of pseudopod extension is induced by multiple inhibitory processes that evolve during pseudopod extension and mainly depend on the increasing size of the pseudopod. Surprisingly, no differences in pseudopod kinetics are detectable between polarized, unpolarized or chemotactic cells, and also not between different species except for small differences in numerical values. This suggests that the analysis has uncovered the fundament of cell movement with distinct roles for stimulatory branched F-actin in the protrusion and inhibitory parallel F-actin in the contractile cortex.
An entropy-based approach to the study of human mobility and behavior in private homes
Authors: Wang Yan , Yalcin Ali , VandeWeerd Carla
Published: December 2020

Understanding human mobility in outdoor environments is critical for many applications including traffic modeling, urban planning, and epidemic modeling. Using data collected from mobile devices, researchers have studied human mobility in outdoor environments and found that human mobility is highly regular and predictable. In this study, we focus on human mobility in private homes. Understanding this type of human mobility is essential as smart-homes and their assistive applications become ubiquitous. We model the movement of a resident using ambient motion sensor data and construct a chronological symbol sequence that represents the resident’s movement trajectory. Entropy rate is used to quantify the regularity of the resident’s mobility patterns, and an upper bound of predictability is estimated. However, the presence of visitors and malfunctioning sensors result in data that is not representative of the resident’s mobility patterns. We apply a change-point detection algorithm based on penalized contrast function to detect these changes, and to identify the time periods when the data do not completely reflect the resident’s activities. Experimental results using the data collected from 10 private homes over periods of 178 to 713 days show that human mobility at home is also highly predictable in the range of 70% independent of variations in floor plans and individual daily routines.
Factors mediating the pressor response to isometric muscle contraction: An experimental study in healthy volunteers during lower body negative pressure
Authors: Stens Niels A. , Hisdal Jonny , Bakke Espen F. , Kaur Narinder , Sharma Archana , Stranden Einar , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Høiseth Lars Øivind
Published: December 2020

Whilst both cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) determine mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), their relative importance in the pressor response to isometric exercise remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relative importance of these two different factors by examining pressor responses during cardiopulmonary unloading leading to step-wise reductions in CO. Hemodynamics were investigated in 11 healthy individuals before, during and after two-minute isometric exercise during lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -20mmHg and -40mmHg). The blood pressure response to isometric exercise was similar during normal and reduced preload, despite a step-wise reduction in CO during LBNP (-20mmHg and -40mmHg). During -20mmHg LBNP, the decreased stroke volume, and consequently CO, was counteracted by an increased TPR, while heart rate (HR) was unaffected. HR was increased during -40 mmHg LBNP, although insufficient to maintain CO; the drop in CO was perfectly compensated by an increased TPR to maintain MAP. Likewise, transient application of LBNP (-20mmHg and -40mmHg) resulted in a short transient drop in MAP, caused by a decrease in CO, which was compensated by an increase in TPR. This study suggests that, in case of reductions of CO, changes in TPR are primarily responsible for maintaining the pressor response during isometric exercise. This highlights the relative importance of TPR compared to CO in mediating the pressor response during isometric exercise.
Long non-coding RNA Peg13 attenuates the sevoflurane toxicity against neural stem cells by sponging microRNA-128-3p to preserve Sox13 expression
Authors: Jiang Yunfeng , Wang Yue , Sun Yu , Jiang Hong
Published: December 2020

Background

Exposure to anesthetics during brain development may impair neurological function, however, the mechanisms underlying anesthetic neurotoxicity are unclear. Recent studies indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for regulating the functional brain development during neurogenesis. This study aimed to determine the regulatory effects and potential mechanisms of lncRNA Peg13 (Peg13) on sevoflurane exposure-related neurotoxicity against neural stem cells (NSCs).

Methods

Mouse embryotic NSCs were isolated and their self-renewal and differentiation were characterized by immunofluorescence. NSCs were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane 2 h daily for three consecutive days. The potential toxicities of sevoflurane against NSCs were evaluated by neurosphere formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and flow cytometry assays. The Peg13, miR-128-3p and Sox13 expression in NSCs were quantified. The potential interactions among Peg13, miR-128-3p and Sox13 were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The effects of Peg13 and/or miR-128-3p over-expression on the sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity and Sox13 expression were determined in NSCs.

Results

The isolated mouse embryotic NSCs displayed potent self-renewal ability and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in vitro, which were significantly inhibited by sevoflurane exposure. Sevoflurane exposure significantly down-regulated Peg13 and Sox13, but enhanced miR-128-3p expression in NSCs. Transfection with miR-128-3p mimics, but not the control, significantly mitigated the Peg13 or Sox13-regulated luciferase expression in 293T cells. Peg13 over-expression significantly reduced the sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity and increased Sox13 expression in NSCs, which were mitigated by miR-128-3p transfection.

Conclusion

Such data indicated that Peg13 mitigated the sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity by sponging miR-128-3p to preserve Sox13 expression in NSCs.
Stress burden related to postreperfusion syndrome may aggravate hyperglycemia with insulin resistance during living donor liver transplantation: A propensity score-matching analysis
Authors: Chae Sumin , Choi Junghee , Lim Sujin , Choi Ho Joong , Park Jaesik , Hong Sang Hyun , Park Chul Soo , Choi Jong Ho , Chae Min Suk
Published: December 2020

Background

We investigated the impact of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) on hyperglycemia occurrence and connecting (C) peptide release, which acts as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance, during the intraoperative period after graft reperfusion in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using propensity score (PS)-matching analysis.

Patients and methods

Medical records from 324 adult patients who underwent elective LDLT were retrospectively reviewed, and their data were analyzed according to PRS occurrence (PRS vs. non-PRS groups) using the PS-matching method. Intraoperative levels of blood glucose and C-peptide were measured through the arterial or venous line at each surgical phase. Hyperglycemia was defined as a peak glucose level >200 mg/dL, and normal plasma concentrations of C-peptide in the fasting state were taken to range between 0.5 and 2.0 ng/mL.

Results

After PS matching, there were no significant differences in pre- and intra-operative recipient findings and donor-graft findings between groups. Although glucose and C-peptide levels continuously increased through the surgical phases in both groups, glucose and C-peptide levels during the neohepatic phase were significantly higher in the PRS group than in the non-PRS group, and larger changes in levels were observed between the preanhepatic and neohepatic phases. There were higher incidences of C-peptide levels >2.0 ng/mL and peak glucose levels >200 mg/dL in the neohepatic phase in patients with PRS than in those without. PRS adjusted for PS with or without exogenous insulin infusion was significantly associated with hyperglycemia occurrence during the neohepatic phase.

Conclusions

Elucidating the association between PRS and hyperglycemia occurrence will help with establishing a standard protocol for intraoperative glycemic control in patients undergoing LDLT.
Long-term persistence of infectious Zika virus: Inflammation and behavioral sequela in mice
Authors: Ireland Derek D. C. , Manangeeswaran Mohanraj , Lewkowicz Aaron P. , Engel Kaliroi , Clark Sarah M. , Laniyan Adelle , Sykes Jacob , Lee Ha-Na , McWilliams Ian L. , Kelley-Baker Logan , Tonelli Leonardo H. , Verthelyi Daniela
Published: December 2020

The neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZIKV infections early in pregnancy are well documented, however the potential defects and long-term consequences associated with milder infections in late pregnancy and perinatal period are less well understood. To model these, we challenged 1 day old (P1) immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice with ZIKV. The animals developed a transient neurological syndrome including unsteady gait, kinetic tremors, severe ataxia and seizures 10–15 days post-infection (dpi) but symptoms subsided after a week, and most animals survived. Despite apparent recovery, MRI of convalescent mice show reduced cerebellar volume that correlates with altered coordination and motor function as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity. Persistent mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes includingCd80,Il-1α, andIfn-γtogether withCd3,Cd8and perforin (PrfA), suggested persistence of low-grade inflammation. Surprisingly, the brain parenchyma of convalescent mice harbor multiple small discrete foci with viral antigen, active apoptotic processes in neurons, and cellular infiltrates, surrounded by activated astrocytes and microglia as late as 1-year post-infection. Detection of negative-sense strand viral RNA and isolation of infectious virus derived from these convalescent mice by blinded passage in Vero cells confirmed long-term persistence of replicating ZIKV in CNS of convalescent mice. Although the infection appears to persist in defined reservoirs within CNS, the resulting inflammation could increase the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This raises concern regarding possible long-term effects in asymptomatic children exposed to the virus and suggests that long-term neurological and behavioral monitoring as well as anti-viral treatment to clear virus from the CNS may be useful in patients exposed to ZIKV at an early age.
Identification and Efficient Synthetic Method for Preparation of Cyclopentane-1,3-diol Impurity in Tafluprost Drug
Authors: Venkatanarayana Muvvala
Published: December 2020

In present work, the isolation, synthesis and characterization of the identified triol impurity present in tafluprost is described. This investigation helps to avoid formation of impurity by control the reaction and its leads to improving high yields of tafluprost. The source of impurity was identified, due to over-reduction of lactone with diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL-H).
Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Impurities of Eltrombopag Olamine
Authors: Srinivasachary Katuroju , Rajesh Chennuri , Tiwari Shashikant , Somannavar Y.S. , Nadakudity Sailendra Kumar , Moturu Krishna Murthy V.R. , Bhanuchadar Samala , Ramadevi Bhoomireddy
Published: December 2020

This work reports the feasibility of recently developed industrial viable process for eltrombopag olamine starting from 2-bromo-6-nitro phenol and reports the identification of four potential impurities related to eltrombopag olamine, namely eltrombopag olamine ester (1), 2-aminophenol analogue of eltrombopag (2), 3,3′-(2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-4,6-diyl dibenzoic acid (3), 2′-hydroxy[1,1- biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid (4). These impurities are the crucial components in determining the quality of the drug substance, eltrombopag olamine during its manufacturing. These impurities have impact on the quality of eltrombopag olamine and controlled these impurities results excellent yields of active pharma ingredient of eltrombopag olamine
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Analogues of Lopinavir
Authors: Reddy Peketi Rajesh , Musunuri Sivanadh , Reddy D. Ramasekhara , Chittala V. Subrahmanyam , Murthy P.V.N.S. , Krishnamohan K.
Published: December 2020

The present work describes the identification, origin, synthesis, characterization and control of four
novel analogues of lopinavir viz. leucine analogue of lopinavir, isoleucine analogue of lopinavir, methyl
analogue of lopinavir and dihydroxy analogue of lopinavir.
Synthesis of Benzoxazole Associated Benzothiazine-4-ones and
their in vitro and in silico Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Padmini T.R. , Vagdevi H.M. , Jinendra Usha
Published: December 2020

In present study, a series of 3-[(5-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-
benzothiazin-4-ones (6a-n) were synthesized and elucidated by elemental, FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR and
LC-MS studies. The in vitro antibacterial screening against Gram-positive bacterial strains such as B.
subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa was
carried in comparison with tetracycline as reference standard. Antifungal activities against different
fungal strains namely R. oryzae, A. niger, A. favus, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae have been evaluated
by comparing with fluconazole as reference standard. Compounds 6b, 6c, 6e, 6j, 6m and 6n emerged
as highly potent antimicrobial agents. The DPPH radical scavenging assay of the synthesized moieties
showed good antioxidant potency comparable to standard ascorbic acid. The molecular docking
simulation studies of all the title compounds in their active conformation analogues with target proteins
(PDB ID 2XCT-antibacterial, PDB ID 1IYL-antifungal, PDB ID 2HCK- antioxidant) exhibited good
binding interactions in top scoring poses. The pharmacokinetic properties prediction by ADMET
descriptors and Lipinski′s rule of five endorse the properties of newly synthesized compounds to a
drug molecule. The results of the docking protocols were compatible with the in vitro studies which
validates the potency of the molecules.