bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Evaluation of Semidefinite Programming and Spectral Algorithms for Max Cut
Authors: Mirka Renee , Williamson David P.
Published: July 2023

We experimentally evaluate the performance of several Max Cut approximation algorithms. In particular, we compare the results of the Goemans and Williamson algorithm using semidefinite programming with Trevisan’s algorithm using spectral partitioning. The former algorithm has a known .878 approximation guarantee whereas the latter has a .614 approximation guarantee. We investigate whether this gap in approximation guarantees is evident in practice or whether the spectral algorithm performs as well as the SDP. We also compare the performances to the standard greedy Max Cut algorithm which has a .5 approximation guarantee, two additional spectral algorithms, and a heuristic from Burer, Monteiro, and Zhang (BMZ). The algorithms are tested on Erdős–Renyi random graphs, complete graphs from TSPLIB, and real-world graphs from the Network Repository. We find, unsurprisingly, that the spectral algorithms provide a significant speed advantage over the SDP. In our experiments, the spectral algorithms and BMZ heuristic return cuts with values which are competitive with those of the SDP.
A Knowledge Graph-Based Survey on Distributed Ledger Technology for IoT Verticals
Authors: Xu Rongxin , Lan Qiujun , Pokhrel Shiva Raj , Li Gang
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) and distributed ledger technology (DLT) have significantly changed our daily lives. Due to their distributed operational environment and naturally decentralized applications, the convergence of these two technologies indicates a more lavish arrangement for the future. This article develops a comprehensive survey to investigate and illustrate state-of-the-art DLT for various IoT use cases, from smart homes to autonomous vehicles and smart cities. We develop a novel framework for conducting a systematic and comprehensive review of DLT over the IoT by extending the knowledge graph approach. With relevant insights from this review, we extract innovative and pragmatic techniques to DLT design that enable high-performance, sustainable, and highly scalable IoT systems. Our findings support designing an end-to-end IoT-native DLT architecture for the future that fully coordinates network-assisted functionalities.
DisguisedNets: Secure Image Outsourcing for Confidential Model Training in Clouds
Authors: Chen Keke , Gu Yuechun , Sharma Sagar
Published: July 2023

Large training data and expensive model tweaking are standard features of deep learning with images. As a result, data owners often utilize cloud resources to develop large-scale complex models, which also raises privacy concerns. Existing cryptographic solutions for training deep neural networks (DNNs) are too expensive, cannot effectively utilize cloud GPU resources, and also put a significant burden on client-side pre-processing. This article presents an image disguising approach: DisguisedNets, which allows users to securely outsource images to the cloud and enables confidential, efficient GPU-based model training. DisguisedNets uses a novel combination of image blocktization, block-level random permutation, and block-level secure transformations: random multidimensional projection (RMT) or AES pixel-level encryption (AES) to transform training data. Users can use existing DNN training methods and GPU resources without any modification to training models with disguised images. We have analyzed and evaluated the methods under a multi-level threat model and compared them with another similar method—InstaHide. We also show that the image disguising approach, including both DisguisedNets and InstaHide, can effectively protect models from model-targeted attacks.
SCWOMP Recovery Algorithm for 5G MIMO Communication Symbol Detection
Authors: Fu Tao , Yu Yanfeng , Liu Cheng
Published: July 2023

In order to solve the problem of small capacity and high energy consumption in China’s 5G communication technology system, the research proposes that based on the segmented weakly orthogonal matching pursuit (SWOMP) algorithm, it is combined with the compressed sensing matching pursuit algorithm to form a segmented backtracking weak selection positive algorithm and Cross Match Tracking (SCWOMP) algorithm. First, the sparseness of MIMO system technology and its transmission structure is analyzed. Then, the new model is built after comparing with other algorithms, and the problem of overestimating the low recovery probability in the calculation process is improved by the backtracking of the algorithm and the improvement of the angle of the atomic column selection, so as to reduce the number of iterations and improve the performance of the algorithm. The results show that, in the performance comparison of different sampling points under different compressed sensing recovery algorithms, the recovery probability of the SCWOMP algorithm is the best, and when the number of sampling points is 80, although the fixed step size of the SCWOMP algorithm is different, there is recovery. The probability has a maximum value, close to 1. Then, the improved compressed sensing recovery algorithm is simulated and analyzed. When the pruning coefficient is 0.5 and the number of sampling points is 80, the reconstruction rate has a maximum value, and when other algorithms reach the maximum reconstruction rate, the number of sampling points (M) is significantly greater than that of the SCWOMP algorithm. An increase in the rate of reduction of the reconstruction probability of the SCWOMP algorithm is significantly lower than that of other algorithms; when sparsity is equal to 70, the reconstruction probability becomes 0, indicating that SCWOMP has a wider reconfigurable range and has a significant performance effect. This shows that the proposed SCWOMP algorithm has the best detection performance for 5G communication symbol detection, which can effectively increase the capacity of the system and better promote technology.
Numerical Study on the Enhanced Thermal Performance of the Porous Media-Assisted Flat-Plate Solar Collector
Authors: Xia Yongfang , Lin Xinwei , Cheng Zude , Xie Fazhi , Huang Jian
Published: July 2023

In this study, a novel flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) with inserted porous metal foam is designed. A numerical investigation of the thermal performance of FPSC is conducted. The effects of some factors, such as porous block shape (rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular), number of inserted porous blocks, and permeability parameters, on the enhanced thermal performance of the FPSC channel are analyzed. Numerical results show that, among the three types of porous block shapes, FPSC inserted with rectangular porous blocks has the highest thermal performance. When the number of porous blocks inserted in the FPSC channel increases, the thermal performance is enhanced correspondingly. Furthermore, the permeability of porous blocks has a significant influence, showing that the thermal performance is the best at

D
a
=

10

−
2

. Overall, the overall Nusselt number can reach a maximum value of 6.01 under the condition of

D
a
=

10

−
2

,

N
=
6

for the rectangular porous blocks. Interestingly, as the nondimensional pressure drop in the channel, the friction factor reaches a maximum value of 8.66 under such a condition of

D
a
=

10

−
5

,

N
=
4

for the rectangular porous blocks. Considering the pressure drop due to the porous foam occupying in the FPSC channel, a comprehensive performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is used to assess the thermal performance of the FPSC. The results show that the maximum value of PEC is even up to 1.68 under the condition of

D
a
=

10

−
2

,

N
=
6

for inserting the rectangular porous blocks.
Performance Evaluation of Faffa Food Share Company through Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS)
Authors: Alemayehu Gadisa , Avvari Muralidhar , Alemu Bikila , Gebrekidan Atkilt Mulu
Published: July 2023

Since 1962 EC, the Faffa Food Share Company has been producing and supplying flour in Ethiopia both for relief and commercial markets. However, it is incompetent in the market due to a poor maintenance management system. So, the aim of this research is to overcome the poor maintenance management problems by using the CMMS application. The data collected from the company by survey studies, unstructured interviews, and stopwatches and from company records revealed that frequent failure machines, as well as a poor maintenance management system, cause production downtimes, resulting in a 29.19% decrease in production from the planned production. The collected data are analyzed by, tools such as time and motion study, SPSS software and CMMS effectively. The finding from the outcome of the bivariate correlation of CMMS elements and manufacturing performance dimension has an alpha α value of greater than 0.5, which indicates that the relationships between CMMS and manufacturing performance are positive. The findings from company records and stopwatch equipment and manpower (technicians) should be managed to activate machine servicing. Finally, the proposed smart maintenance management system tool, CMMS improves the availability of machines, reduces the frequency of equipment failure, reduces the breakdown time, decreases the cost of maintenance, and then improves the manufacturing performance by 5 percent.
Stability Calculation of the Plane Steel Frame Structures Using Tangent Modulus Theory
Authors: Ćorić Stanko , Perović Zoran
Published: July 2023

This paper considers the phenomenon of the instability of steel plane frame structures in the elastic–plastic domain. The numerical analysis uses finite element method, where the corresponding stiffness matrices are based upon the trigonometric and hyperbolic interpolation functions of normal forces. The tangent modulus concept is applied when buckling occurs in the plastic range. Thus, the stiffness matrices for nonlinear material behavior are also derived. The procedure for determining effective length factors of compressed columns, which implies a global stability analysis of entire frames, is established too. It means that the proposed approach is based on the assumption that the collapse of the structure occurs when the most loaded columns reach their stability limit. So, the presented procedure enables the calculation of the real critical load of plane frame structures in the elastic–plastic domain and determines the corresponding effective length factors.
Bayesian Disaggregate and Aggregate Calibration of Path Logit Choice Models
Authors: Cantarella Giulio Erberto , Vitetta Antonino
Published: July 2023

In transport demand analysis, the calibration of a model means estimation of its (endogenous) parameters from observed data with an inference statistical estimator. Indeed, these considerations apply to any choice behaviour model, such as those derived from Random Utility Theory or any other choice modelling theory. Calibration of choice models can be carried out from disaggregate vs. aggregate data, while inference statistical estimators can be specified through Bayesian vs. Classic (or Frequentist) approaches. In this paper, the resulting Bayesian or Classic disaggregate or aggregate calibration methods are discussed, analysed in detail, and compared from the mathematical point of view. These methods are applied to calibrate Logit choice models for describing path choice behaviour at national scale on a small sample. The Logit choice model can be derived from Random Utility Theory (or be considered an instance of the Bradley–Terry model). Path choice set definition is also discussed, and specialised indicators are used for result comparison. The main contributions of this study concern the use of two different estimation approaches, Bayesian vs. Classic, adopting and introducing some indicators of goodness of estimation. The results of this work, relating to the sample of users adopted, show that the Bayesian approach provides a better estimate than the Classic approach because the calibrated parameters are more stable, the specific constants of the alternatives decrease, and the resulting models show better values of clearly right indicator.
Single-Tiered Hybrid PoW Consensus Protocol to Encourage Decentralization in Bitcoin
Authors: Kim Gyu Chol , Han Gang Song , Kim Ryong Chol , Jong Yong Bok , Kim Nam Hyok , Han Il Min , Han Ung Il
Published: July 2023

We propose a single-tiered hybrid proof-of-work consensus protocol to encourage decentralization in bitcoin. Our new mechanism comprises coupled puzzles from which properties differ from each other; the one is the extant outsourceable bitcoin puzzle while the other is nonoutsourceable. Our new protocol enables miners to solve either puzzle as they want; therefore, blocks can be generated by either puzzle. Our hybrid consensus can be successfully implemented in bitcoin because it is backward-compatible with existing bitcoin mining equipment (more precisely, existing bitcoin mining ASICs).
Gastric Pneumatosis in the Setting of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Shaik Mohammed Rifat , Ranabhat Chet , Shaik Nishat Anjum , Duddu Akshay , Bilgrami Zaid , Xie Guofeng
Published: July 2023

Gastric pneumatosis, an uncommon radiologic finding characterized by the presence of gas within the gastric wall, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its association with both benign gastric emphysema and more severe emphysematous gastritis. The contrasting outcomes and management approaches for these conditions underscore the necessity for accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention. We present a case of a 29-year-old female with a medical history significant for type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Initial evaluation revealed elevated blood glucose levels, an anion gap metabolic acidosis, and evidence of gastric pneumatosis on imaging. The patient was managed with aggressive fluid resuscitation and intravenous insulin therapy per diabetic ketoacidosis protocol. General surgery evaluation ruled out the need for acute surgical intervention and attributed the gastric pneumatosis to increased intragastric pressures from prolonged vomiting. The patient was managed with conservative measures, including nasogastric tube decompression and antibiotics. Over the course of a few days, the patient showed signs of clinical and radiologic improvement, with a resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies tailored to the underlying pathology to optimize patient outcomes in cases of gastric pneumatosis.
Skin Conductance Reactivity as a Predictor of Stroke-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Dimensional Approach
Authors: Meinhausen Corinne , Sanchez Gabriel J. , Edmondson Donald , Kronish Ian M. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Hinrichs Rebecca , Jovanovic Tanja , Sumner Jennifer A.
Published: July 2023

Background. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms can develop following acute, life-threatening medical events. This study explores a potential biomarker of PTSD risk that is novel to a medical trauma population: a noninvasive, mobile skin conductance (SC) measurement. Methods. Participants (

n
=
64

) were enrolled inhospital following a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Mobile measurement of SC reactivity to recalling the stroke/TIA traumatic event was conducted at hospital bedside in the days following the stroke/TIA. PTSD symptoms that developed in response to the stroke/TIA were measured at 1-month follow-up. We tested the association between SC reactivity and total 1-month PTSD symptoms, as well as PTSD symptom dimensions of fear and dysphoria. Results. In unadjusted analyses, there were significant positive associations between inhospital SC reactivity to recalling the stroke/TIA traumatic event and higher-order fear-related symptoms (

r
=
.30

,

p
=
.016

), as well as lower-order fear-related symptoms of anxious arousal (

r
=
.27

,

p
=
.035

) and avoidance (

r
=
.25

,

p
=
.043

) at 1 month. Associations between SC reactivity and the fear, anxious arousal, and avoidance symptom dimensions remained significant in multivariable regression models that adjusted for relevant covariates including age, gender, stroke severity, medical comorbidity, and psychosocial factors. Although there was a positive association observed between SC reactivity to recalling the stroke/TIA event and total PTSD symptom severity at 1-month follow-up, it did not reach the level of statistical significance (

r
=
.23

,

p
=
.070

). Further, no significant association was detected for dysphoria-related symptoms (

r
=
.11

,

p
=
.393

). Conclusions. This is the first study to test the prospective association of SC reactivity with PTSD symptom development following a medical trauma. The findings indicate that mobile measures of SC reactivity may be useful for inhospital identification of individuals at risk for fear-related PTSD symptom development following a medical event and highlight the potential mechanisms involved in the development of these symptoms following a medical event.
Evaluating the Antioxidant Properties of Unifloral Honey (Apis mellifera L.) from Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Ofijan
Published: July 2023

The antioxidant properties of natural honey primarily rely on the floral origin from which nectar is collected by bees. Thus, the current activity evaluated the antioxidant properties of honey based on its floral type. The honey floral origin was verified by the melissopalynological technique. Antioxidant properties were determined by using standard procedures and analyzed by SAS. Six unifloral honey types with their harvesting month were identified. Accordingly, Guizotia (74% of pollen frequency), Coffea arabica (68%), Vernonia (90%), Croton macrostachyus (64%), Schefflera abyssinica (100%), and Eucalyptus (100%) were cropped in November, February, February, May, April, and June separately. Statistically, a variation (

p
<
0.05

) in antioxidant parameters was displayed between unifloral honeys. Vernonia honey exhibited the maximum total phenol (

77.2
±
0.7

), total flavonoid (

65.0
±
3.8

), and total antioxidant content (

65.4
±
0.3

). On the other hand, S. abyssinica honey recorded the least total phenol content (

24.1
±
0.4

), total flavonoid content (

18.6
±
2.7

), and total antioxidant content (

5.6
±
0.5

). Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between all the tested antioxidant parameters. Thus, the current study indicated that all the tested Ethiopian unifloral honey had good sources of antioxidants with the most Vernonia honey followed by C. macrostachyus whereas S. abyssinica honey had the least followed by Eucalyptus.
Imag(in)ing Bairam
Authors: Nellis Steff
Published: July 2023

The fifth volume of the Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde (1723–1737) by Bernard Picart and Jean Frederic Bernard played a significant role in shaping the perception of Islam in the early 18th-century Dutch Republic and Europe. Kishwar Rizvi has argued that it challenged stereotypes by introducing novel comparative perspectives between Western traditions and Islamic rituals. However, previous research has overlooked a remarkable illustration in the volume depicting the Bairam festival. By examining the editors’ and engravers’ use of collage technique, we can appreciate how their portrayal of the Bairam festivities deviated from earlier depictions of the same feast. They employed a proto-ethnographic approach alongside other interpretational and imaginative strategies. The multitude of images within the Cérémonies not only constructed a collective perception of Islam but also facilitated a more affective engagement with Islamic culture for early modern viewers, influencing their connection to the depicted culture.
A Proper Confidence: The Prophetic Nature of Adolescent Discipleship
Authors: Ward Ollie
Published: July 2023

This paper argues that to help adolescents respond to Jesus’ call to pick up their cross and follow him, the contemporary Pentecostal/Charismatic practice of prophecy/revelatory experience must be reimagined and framed within the ministry of Christ. Without this Christocentric framework these experiences are reduced to immediate therapeutic experiences of individual flourishing and are not sufficient to redefine the adolescent’s past and offer direction for a future developing faith identity. Synthesis of Walter Brueggemann’s The Prophetic Imagination, with adolescent identity formation and critique of the contemporary Pentecostal practice of prophecy highlights implications for realigned practice in order to foster the confidence in adolescent believers to form counter cultural identities in light of the Coming Kingdom.
A novel corrugated carbon-fiber composite tube with circular corrugations on the lateral surface for crashworthiness: Manufacturing method, experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Sadighi Amirreza , Asgari Masoud
Published: July 2023

A novel design and method of manufacture of laterally corrugated composite tube is proposed. One of the main issues with studying such corrugated composite tubes has been taking out the mandril from the composite specimens, leading to very little, if any, experimental research into this subject. Therefore, as the main novelty of this paper, a multi-step process has been thoroughly explained to overcome these manufacturing challenges, i.e., the use of ABS corrugated mandrels, silicone molds, wax mandrels, filament winding, and finally heating the wax mandrel to melt. At the end of this process, the lateral corrugated composite tube is obtained. There are two different types of specimens: conical corrugated composite tube and cylindrical corrugated composite tube. From each category, two specimens are tested, whose crashworthiness results are then compared with one another to see which design offers better energy absorption capacity. Subsequently, using the experimental data, a finite element model is developed and validated to numerically look into the effect of number of corrugations on the crashworthiness of the structures. To do so, the specific energy absorption (SEA), peak force, mean force, and crushing force efficiency (CFE) of each model have been compared with one another. It is understood from both experiments and numerical study that the conical composite tubes offer better crashworthiness as they can absorb more energy and maintain a higher mean force than the cylindrical ones. For instance, in the experiments, it was observed the conical corrugated composite tube had an SEA of 12.37 kJ/kg, while this value for cylindrical one was 8.38 kJ/kg. Moreover, with an increase in the number of corrugations within a set length for the tube, the energy absorption capacity of the structure can be increased. To provide a better understanding of the observation, with an increase in the number of corrugations from 12 to 18, SEA increased from 9.21 to 12.43 kJ/kg in the cylindrical models, and from 10.80 to 13.01 kJ/kg in conical ones.
Religion Market Abuses and Religious Conversion in Cameroon Urban Areas
Authors: Bodjongo Mathieu Juliot Mpabe
Published: July 2023

This research note aims to examine the effect of religion market abuses on religious conversion, particularly on the non-transmission of religious preferences from parents to their offspring. Based on a field survey of 1,475 individuals in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé, this research note seeks to understand the dynamics of the socio-economic forces that lead to the abandonment of parents’ religions. The econometric results reveal that the explanatory factors for changes in religious preferences often vary from one religion to another. With the exception of Pentecostals, Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim believers who believe that the religious market is rife with abuse are less likely to change their religious preferences. Increased income can significantly induce a change in religious preferences among Protestants and Pentecostals.
Using R to develop a corpus of full-text journal articles
Authors: Anderson Billie , Bani-Yaghoub Majid , Kantheti Vagmi , Curtis Scott
Published: July 2023

Over the past two decades, databases and the tools to access them in a simple manner have become increasingly available, allowing historical and modern-day topics to be merged and studied. Throughout the recent COVID-19 pandemic, for example, many researchers have reflected on whether any lessons learned from the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 could have been helpful in the present pandemic. Most studies using text-mining applications rarely use full-text journal articles. This article provides a methodology used to develop a full-text journal article corpus using the R fulltext package. Using the proposed methodology, 2743 full-text journal articles were obtained. The aim of this article is to provide a methodology and supplementary codes for researchers to use the R fulltext package to curate a full-text journal corpus.
Differences in trends in discharge location in a cohort of hospitalized patients with cancer and non-cancer diagnoses receiving specialist palliative care: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bonares Michael , Stillos Kalli , Huynh Lise , Selby Debbie
Published: July 2023

Background:

Patients with and without cancer are frequently hospitalized, and have specialist palliative care needs. In-hospital mortality can serve as a quality indicator of acute care. Trends in acute care outcomes have not previously been evaluated in patients with confirmed specialist palliative care needs or between diagnostic groups.

Aim:

To compare trends in discharge location between hospitalized patients with and without cancer who received specialist palliative care.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study. Association between diagnosis (cancer, non-cancer) and in-hospital mortality was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographic, clinical, and admission-specific information.

Setting/participants:

Patients who received specialist palliative care at an academic tertiary hospital in Toronto, Canada from 2013 to 2019.

Results:

The cohort comprised 6846 patients, 5024 with and 1822 without cancer. A higher proportion of patients without cancer had a Palliative Performance Scale score <30%, anticipated prognosis of <1 month, and were referred for end-of-life care (all p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of dying in hospital was 1.24-times higher among patients without cancer (95% CI: 1.05–1.46; p = 0.011). Though the proportion of patients without cancer who died in hospital decreased by 8.4% from 2013 to 2019, this proportion (41.2%) remained substantially higher compared to patients with cancer (14.0%) in 2019.

Conclusions:

Hospitalized patients without cancer were referred to specialist palliative care at a lower functional status, a poorer anticipated prognosis, and more likely for end-of-life care; and were more likely to die in hospital. Future studies are required to determine whether a proportion of hospital deaths in patients without cancer represent goal-discordant end-of-life care.
Comments on Souza et al. (2022) “Recent geomorphological changes in the Paraiba do Sul delta, South America East Coast”
Authors: Fernandez Guilherme Borges , Baptista da Rocha Thais , Landin Dominguez José Maria , Vasconcelos Sergio Cadena , Tavares de Macedo Dias Gilberto , da Costa André , Figueiredo Mariana Silva , Figueiredo Junior Alberto Garcia , Silva Cleverson Guizan , Pereira Thiago Gonçalves , Machado Beatriz Abreu
Published: July 2023

Souza et al. (2022) based on grain size analyses, Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages in fluvial sediments, and regional topography affirmed that most of the Paraiba do Sul River Delta (PSRD) has been deposited during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Souza et al. (2022) also inferred that after the LIA, PSRD presents shoreline erosion, using OSL undetermined results, regional topography, and field photographs, suggesting the direct connection of erosion and human intervention along river basin. As the results obtained by Souza et al. (2022) present several inconsistences about coastal evolution, and question previous works about PDRD developed in the last 30 years, we discuss these in three different sections, covering geological, historical, and recent geomorphological changes in PDRD.
Identification of priority areas for soil erosion control based on minimum administrative units and karst landforms in karst areas of Guizhou
Authors: Jing Jun , Li Rui , Zhang Yushan , Wu Qinglin
Published: July 2023

Soil erosion is one of the most serious ecological threats in karst areas of Southwest China. The identification of priority areas for remediation and its driving factors is essential to improving the efficiency of prevention and control. The present study systematically considered natural and socio-economic factors not involved in the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model, and determined priority areas for soil erosion management based on minimum administrative units and karst landforms. Then, the driving factors were identified by using geographic detector. The results showed that the priority areas were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southeast and northeast, overlapping with the severely eroded areas (Erosion rate=45.79 t·ha−1·a−1). Gradient risk zones had geomorphological differences, but the most eroded zones were all controlled by bedrock exposure rates, elevation, or slope position. The spatial correlation and high erosion rate of priority areas provided opportunities to optimize the efficiency and cost of control. Driving factors were affected by karst landforms. The explanation power of slope position on soil erosion was higher in the peak cluster depressions and karst basins with small undulations ([Formula: see text]), while the karst gorges, trough valleys and plateaus with large undulations gradually decreased ([Formula: see text]). The interaction of driving factors will enhance the explanatory power for soil erosion. Among them, the repetition rate of elevation was 60%, and the repetition rate of lithology and development index was 40%. This study provides useful information for identifying and managing priority areas for soil erosion control, and enriches the theory of soil and water conservation in karst areas.
Physico chemical characterisation of pectin incorporated gelatin sponge and its functional evaluation in modulating contact activation haemostasis
Authors: NS Remya , Thomas Lynda , A Priyanka , Bhatt Anugya
Published: July 2023

Even though it is a common occurrence in practice, maintaining haemostasis can sometimes become a challenging issue in case of trauma, perioperative period, coagulation disorders, cancers, etc. Hemostatic materials are extensively used to assist in the cessation of bleeding. However, the definition of efficiency of haemostasis varies between intended procedures. This paper explores the feasibility of incorporating agents to increase the efficiency of local haemostasis. Pectin or β -D galacto hexopyranuronic acid/β Gal A, a structural polysaccharide widely present in terrestrial plants having an intrinsic hemostatic potential, is blended with gelatin and is explored in modulating passive haemostasis. The sponges are physico chemically characterized, and their hemostatic efficiency is evaluated in vitro using various assays. Biocompatibility evaluation is done by in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The results suggest that this biopolymer combination is a promising candidate for hemostatic control.
Exploring Disability Disadvantage in Hiring: A Factorial Survey among Norwegian Employers
Authors: Berre Stine
Published: July 2023

The role of disability in producing disadvantage in employers’ hiring assessments was explored in a factorial survey, where a random sample of Norwegian employers ( n = 1341) evaluated fictional job-seeker profiles. The results revealed that including an impairment description in a job-seeker profile significantly decreased the likelihood that employers would want to hire a candidate. The degree of disadvantage varied with the type of impairment. Being eligible for a wage subsidy scheme improved employers’ assessments of candidates while including information about other types of support measures did not. Furthermore, when an impairment description was introduced into a job-seeker profile, other crucial characteristics of the job seeker lost some or all of their impact on employers’ assessment scores. These findings are interpreted as disability becoming a ‘master status’ when employers make hiring assessments.
Inverse kinematics solution of demolition manipulator based on global mapping
Authors: Zong Yimo , Huang Jianzhong , Bao Jiahan , Cen Yuwan , Sun Deshang
Published: July 2023

In solving the inverse kinematics of the redundant hydraulic manipulator of the demolition robot, there are problems of multiple solutions and the contradiction between the real-time and accuracy of the calculation. A series calculation strategy combining global mapping and local search was proposed. Firstly, the inverse kinematics solution was mapped from the global space to the local space of the working point by the global neural network model, and then the inverse solution results were obtained by the local search of the gravitational search algorithm. To avoid the GSA falling into the local minima and improve the search speed and accuracy, an improved gravitational particle adaptive step search strategy was proposed to balance the exploration and development stage of the population. The simulation and experimental results show that the global than local inverse solution algorithm can avoid the multi-solution problems and ensure the stability and accuracy of the solution on the basis of real-time inversion.
Experimental study and simulation analysis of the fracture mechanism in AFRP milling
Authors: Yan Tianming , Shi Wentian , Li Jie , Wang Lin , Xie Chuan , Dong Lu , Ma Tong
Published: July 2023

The finite element model of aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) was established using the finite element analysis software, and milling simulation analysis was carried out. The influence of cutting speed and tool diameter on cutting force was obtained. Based on the motion law of the milling cutter, a fiber cutting mechanical model was established, and the influence of shear force and transverse pressure on the quality of the fiber section was analyzed. The milling experiment on AFRP specimens was carried out, and the milling appearance and cutting force variation of cutting speeds at 18.850–31.415 m/min and tool diameters of 1 –5 mm were studied. The results show that the diameter of a 5 mm milling cutter has a neater cutting fiber section and fewer burrs than the diameter of a 1 mm milling cutter, but inadequate sharpness can easily cause serious entrance burrs. Due to the influence of the feed motion, the milling tool feeding direction (X direction) is 42.456% higher than the Y direction cutting force, which can easily cause tool fracture. Increasing cutting speed can reduce cutting force to a certain extent and improve cutting quality. Therefore, choosing a large-diameter milling cutter with a large rake angle or relief angle for high-speed cutting can effectively improve the quality of the AFRP milling entrance and section.
Effect of silver/polydopamine graphene oxide as lubricating oil additive on temperature rise and vibration of motorized spindle
Authors: Zhang Lixiu , Yin Zhenyu , Zhang Ke , Wang Junhai , Wei Xiaoyi , Wang Liyan
Published: July 2023

In this study, polydopamine and silver-modified graphene oxide (Ag/PGO) were prepared using a one-step method, and the effects of Ag/PGO as a lubricating oil additive on the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and lubricating performance of lubricating oil were studied. The influence of additive lubricating oil on the temperature increase and vibration of a high-speed motorized spindle was studied through a motorized spindle experiment. The results showed that the addition of Ag/PGO nanocomposites could improve the thermophysical properties and lubricating properties of the lubricating oil. The Ag/PGO nanoparticles deposited on the friction surface formed a friction protective film, which prevented direct contact between the friction pairs and effectively reduced the heat generated through friction and micro-peak collision during bearing operation. The lubricating oil containing Ag/PGO had high thermal conductivity and a good heat dissipation effect in convection heat transfer in the bearing cavity. The deposition and repair of nanoparticles could improve the micro-morphology of the friction surface and reduce the high-frequency amplitude of the motorized spindle.
Effect of fin length and angle on the melting process of phase change materials in vertical latent heat storage unit
Authors: Zhang Yongxue , Wang Zhihao , Lu Bohui , Luo Mengxi
Published: July 2023

The installation of fins offers an effective solution for addressing the poor thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. This paper aims to investigate the combined effects of unequal fin length arrangements and the inclination angle of fins on the performance of an LHTES system during the charging process. The LHTES system consists of a cylindrical container filled with paraffin (RT55) serving as the PCM. Numerical models are established and validated, followed by simulating various fin structures to analyze the complete melting time of the PCM. The characteristics of the melting process are further examined in four representative cases, including the full melting time, evolution of the melt fraction, average maximum velocity, streamline contours, temperature uniformity, and average Nusselt number. The results reveal that the optimal case, featuring unequal length and downward annular fins, achieves a significant 49.8% reduction in the complete melting time of the PCM compared to the benchmark case with ordinary annular fins. Moreover, the optimal configuration increases the largest average maximum velocity of the PCM by 35.36%, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution and a higher Nusselt number.
Microbiological and Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Lung Transplant Perioperative Donor and Recipient Respiratory Cultures
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Ghadeer , Kothari Sagar , Almarhabi Hassan , Bosaeed Mohammad , Rotstein Coleman
Published: July 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common organisms isolated from respiratory secretions in lung transplant donors and recipients perioperatively. Within the first 90 days after lung transplantation, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections have been associated with increased mortality and acute and chronic rejection. However, it is unclear whether respiratory cultures positive for MSSA at the time of transplantation can lead to clinically significant infection. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological and clinical outcomes for lung transplant recipients (LTRs) with positive perioperative donor or/and recipient respiratory cultures for MSSA. A retrospective study was conducted evaluating MSSA-positive respiratory cultures at the time of lung transplantation from donors and/or recipients from January 1, 2008, to December 30, 2019. Patients who did not have a bronchoalveolar lavage at 2 weeks after the lung transplant or died within 2 weeks of lung transplant were excluded. The main outcome was MSSA eradication at 2-week bronchoscopy. Recipients were evaluated for MSSA infections at the 12-week period after the transplant. Of the 1,678 individuals who underwent lung transplantation, 218 LTRs had S. aureus isolated in perioperative donor or recipient respiratory cultures, and 29 were subsequently excluded. Of the remaining 189 LTRs, MSSA eradication at the 2-week bronchoscopy was achieved in 186 (98.4%) recipients. During the 12-week follow-up, 15 (7.9%) recipients were diagnosed with MSSA pneumonia; concurrent MSSA bacteremia was noted in one recipient. No anastomotic infection, empyema, or lung abscess related to MSSA was diagnosed during the follow-up period.

In LTRs, the rate of MSSA eradication at 2-week post-transplant recipients is high, and it is associated with a low rate of infectious complication within the first 12 weeks after transplant. Most of the recipients received a combination therapy with at least one agent active against MSSA. More studies to evaluate the optimal antimicrobial stewardship policies regarding the regimen and duration of antibiotic therapy for these patients are needed.
eSports: Digital Games and Its Future From the Traditional Athletes’ and eSports Players’ Perspectives
Authors: Örsoğlu Tuğçe , Yüzbaşıoğlu Betül , Pekel Hacı Ahmet
Published: July 2023

Background

Discussions regarding the classification of eSports as a sport are still ongoing, primarily due to the distinctive features that differentiate them from traditional sports.

Purpose

This study seeks to comparatively explore the perspectives of athletes on digital games and eSports with the goal of shedding light on the unique challenges and opportunities of eSports as a professional career.

Method

This study seeks to comparatively explore the perspectives of athletes on digital games and eSports. To this end, the phenomenology model was employed in a qualitative study involving seven elite eSports players and eight elite basketball players. Focus group interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was employed to analyze the resulting data.

Results

Participants’ viewpoints were examined across six themes, including the reasons for initiating their career, familial and environmental support, their perspectives on eSports, society’s perspective on eSports, the impact of eSports on health, and the future of eSports.

Discussion and Conclusion

The majority of participants viewed eSports as a sport and expressed optimism about its future. Despite acknowledging concerns about the public’s negative perception of eSports due to inadequate knowledge and health concerns, participants remained optimistic about its prospects.
Descriptive Representation and Innovation in American Legislatures
Authors: Nickelson Jack , Jansa Joshua M.
Published: July 2023

Previous scholarship has linked increased representation of women, racial/ethnic minorities, the LGB community, and the working class to more representative legislative agendas and roll call voting. But it is unclear if descriptive representation of historically excluded groups also affects policy innovativeness. Borrowing from interdisciplinary research, we argue that diverse legislatures are more innovative, so long as legislators operate in a quality deliberative environment. We measure the descriptive representation of seven different underrepresented groups in state legislatures from 1984 to 2016. We find that representation of women is a key predictor of innovation, operationalized as the tendency for states to adopt new policies early. We also find the effect of women is not dependent on critical mass, is undermined by high levels of polarization, and helps boost the capacity of legislatures to produce unique policy language. Some models are suggestive of a relationship between racial/ethnic minority (Black, Latinx, Native American) representation and innovation, but the results are inconsistent. The study provides insights into how representation of women can enhance legislative capacity to innovate in public policy.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations in Different Variants: A Comparison Between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Population in Western Amazonia
Authors: Sgorlon Gabriella , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Passos-Silva Ana Maisa , Custódio Márlon Grégori Flores , Queiroz Jackson Alves da Silva , Silva André Luiz Ferreira da , Teixeira Karolaine Santos , Batista Flávia Serrano , Salcedo Juan Miguel Villalobos , Rampazzo Rita de Cassia P. , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Vieira Deusilene
Published: July 2023

The increased transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has generated variants of concern (VOCs) throughout the pandemic, responsible for waves of cases worldwide. To monitor mutations in the S gene of SARS-CoV-2 in different variants, we evaluated 1497 individuals with COVID-19 in western Amazonia in the period April 2021 to July 2022. The epidemiological and clinical data of the individuals were collected; subsequently, the samples were extracted using a commercial kit, the viral load was assessed, and viral genomes were sequenced. We analyzed the quality and mutations of the genomes and maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference. However, 3 main clusters were observed, referring to Gamma (52.91%), Delta (24.38%), and Omicron (20.38%) VOCs with wide distribution in all health regions of the Rondônia state. Regarding the vaccination profile, there was a higher percentage of unvaccinated and partially vaccinated individuals, with more representatives by the Gamma variant. A total of 1412 sequences were suitable for mutation analysis in the S gene region. The Omicron VOC showed 38 mutations, with the Delta and Gamma variants with 16 and 17, respectively. The VOC Omicron and Gamma shared 4 mutations E484K, H655Y, N501Y, and N679K with high frequency, and Delta and Omicron 2 mutations (T478K and T95I). Regarding the comparison between the frequency of mutations for each variant concerning the vaccination groups, there were no changes in mutations for each group. In conclusion, the study showed a temporal increase in mutations and subvariants for characterized strains. Furthermore, the vaccination profile did not impact significant changes in the mutational profile yet remains a determining factor for severe disease.
Maximum negative entropy deconvolution and its application to bearing condition monitoring
Authors: Zhou Zewen , Chen Bingyan , Huang Baoshan , Zhang Weihua , Gu Fengshou , Ball Andrew D , Gong Xue
Published: July 2023

Blind deconvolution (BD) has proven to be an effective approach to detecting repetitive transients caused by bearing faults. However, BD suffers from instability issues including excessive sensitivity of kurtosis-guided BD methods to the single impulse and high computational time cost of the eigenvector algorithm-aided BD methods. To address these critical issues, this paper proposed a novel BD method maximizing negative entropy (NE), shortened as maximum negative entropy deconvolution (MNED). MNED utilizes NE instead of kurtosis as the optimization metric and optimizes the filter coefficients through the objective function method. The effectiveness of MNED in enhancing repetitive transients is illustrated through a simulation case and two experimental cases. A quantitative comparison with three existing BD methods demonstrates the advantages of MNED in fault detection and computational efficiency. In addition, the performance of the four methods under different filter lengths and external shocks is compared. MNED exhibits lower sensitivity to random impulse noise than the kurtosis-guided BD methods and higher computational efficiency than the BD methods based on the eigenvalue algorithm. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that MNED is a robust and cost-effective method for bearing fault diagnosis and condition monitoring.