bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extremely hair follicle density is associated with a significantly different cecal microbiota in rex rabbits
Authors: Yang Feng , Ruixin Yang , Xiaochun Ma , Fan Zhang , Junbin Liu , Pengmei Dong , Guoyan Jiang
Published: May 2023

It has become increasingly clear that gut microbiota and skin are interconnected since the discovery of the ‘gut–brain–skin’ axis. Hair follicles (HFs) are skin microorganisms, but few studies have investigated their relationship to gut microbiota. Hence, we hypothesize that HFs have a close relationship with the gut, similarly to what was reported for the skin. Using rex rabbits as an animal model, one hundred healthy half‐sibling rex rabbits were selected for the experiment, and 16 s rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the cecal microbiota of nine rabbits with the extremely high (HS) and low (LS) hair density (n = 9 per group) to determine differences between the composition and function of these communities. In comparison with the LS group, several alpha diversity index values were significantly lower in the HS group, although the higher variation in species composition in the HS group. Additionally, species diversity and abundance differed significantly in the cecum microbiota of HS and LS rabbits. Further, primary and secondary HF density was significantly correlated with the families Muribaculaceae and Bacteroidaceae, and genera Blautia, Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio. In particular, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Blautia and Bacteroides may support the development of HFs. Moreover, the expression of WNT4, WNT10a, WNT10b, CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) and LEF1 in the skin was significantly higher in the HS group compared with the LS group. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that the extremely high density of HF in rabbits is associated with a significantly different microbiota diversity and community structure, and the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway was activated in the HS group. Thus, key bacteria may promote the development of HF.
Ocean acidification alters foraging behaviour in Dungeness crab through impairment of the olfactory pathway
Authors: Durant Andrea , Khodikian Elissa , Porteus Cosima S.
Published: May 2023

Crustacean olfaction is fundamental to most aspects of living and communicating in aquatic environments and more broadly, for individual‐ and population‐level success. Accelerated ocean acidification from elevated CO2 threatens the ability of crabs to detect and respond to important olfactory‐related cues. Here, we demonstrate that the ecologically and economically important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) exhibits reduced olfactory‐related antennular flicking responses to a food cue when exposed to near‐future CO2 levels, adding to the growing body of evidence of impaired crab behaviour. Underlying this altered behaviour, we find that crabs have lower olfactory nerve sensitivities (twofold reduction in antennular nerve activity) in response to a food cue when exposed to elevated CO2. This suggests that near‐future CO2 levels will impact the threshold of detection of food by crabs. We also show that lower olfactory nerve sensitivity in elevated CO2 is accompanied by a decrease in the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expression of a principal chemosensory receptor protein, ionotropic receptor 25a (IR25a) which is fundamental for odorant coding and olfactory signalling cascades. The OSNs also exhibit morphological changes in the form of decreased surface areas of their somata. This study provides the first evidence of the effects of high CO2 levels at multiple levels of biological organization in marine crabs, linking physiological and cellular changes with whole animal behavioural responses.
The distribution of coastal fish eDNA sequences in the Anthropocene
Authors: Mathon Laetitia , Marques Virginie , Manel Stéphanie , Albouy Camille , Andrello Marco , Boulanger Emilie , Deter Julie , Hocdé Régis , Leprieur Fabien , Letessier Tom B. , Loiseau Nicolas , Maire Eva , Valentini Alice , Vigliola Laurent , Baletaud Florian , Bessudo Sandra , Dejean Tony , Faure Nadia , Guerin Pierre‐Edouard , Jucker Meret , Juhel Jean‐Baptiste , Kadarusman  , Polanco F. Andrea , Pouyaud Laurent , Schwörer Dario , Thompson Kirsten F. , Troussellier Marc , Sugeha Hagi Yulia , Velez Laure , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhong Wenjun , Pellissier Loïc , Mouillot David
Published: May 2023

Aim

Coastal fishes have a fundamental role in marine ecosystem functioning and contributions to people, but face increasing threats due to climate change, habitat degradation and overexploitation. The extent to which human pressures are impacting coastal fish biodiversity in comparison with geographic and environmental factors at large spatial scale is still under scrutiny. Here, we took advantage of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to investigate the relationship between fish biodiversity, including taxonomic and genetic components, and environmental but also socio‐economic factors.

Location

Tropical, temperate and polar coastal areas.

Time period

Present day.

Major taxa studied

Marine fishes.

Methods

We analysed fish eDNA in 263 stations (samples) in 68 sites distributed across polar, temperate and tropical regions. We modelled the effect of environmental, geographic and socio‐economic factors on α‐ and β‐diversity. We then computed the partial effect of each factor on several fish biodiversity components using taxonomic molecular units (MOTU) and genetic sequences. We also investigated the relationship between fish genetic α‐ and β‐diversity measured from our barcodes, and phylogenetic but also functional diversity.

Results

We show that fish eDNA MOTU and sequence α‐ and β‐diversity have the strongest correlation with environmental factors on coastal ecosystems worldwide. However, our models also reveal a negative correlation between biodiversity and human dependence on marine ecosystems. In areas with high dependence, diversity of all fish, cryptobenthic fish and large fish MOTUs declined steeply. Finally, we show that a sequence diversity index, accounting for genetic distance between pairs of MOTUs, within and between communities, is a reliable proxy of phylogenetic and functional diversity.

Main conclusions

Together, our results demonstrate that short eDNA sequences can be used to assess climate and direct human impacts on marine biodiversity at large scale in the Anthropocene and can further be extended to investigate biodiversity in its phylogenetic and functional dimensions.
The role of efferocytosis‐fueled macrophage metabolism in the resolution of inflammation
Authors: Schilperoort Maaike , Ngai David , Sukka Santosh R. , Avrampou Kleopatra , Shi Hongxue , Tabas Ira
Published: May 2023

The phagocytosis of dying cells by macrophages, termed efferocytosis, is a tightly regulated process that involves the sensing, binding, engulfment, and digestion of apoptotic cells. Efferocytosis not only prevents tissue necrosis and inflammation caused by secondary necrosis of dying cells, but it also promotes pro‐resolving signaling in macrophages, which is essential for tissue resolution and repair following injury or inflammation. An important factor that contributes to this pro‐resolving reprogramming is the cargo that is released from apoptotic cells after their engulfment and phagolysosomal digestion by macrophages. The apoptotic cell cargo contains amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and cholesterol that function as metabolites and signaling molecules to bring about this re‐programming. Here, we review efferocytosis‐induced changes in macrophage metabolism that mediate the pro‐resolving functions of macrophages. We also discuss various strategies, challenges, and future perspectives related to drugging efferocytosis‐fueled macrophage metabolism as strategy to dampen inflammation and promote resolution in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Article impact of the Financial Times 50 management journals
Authors: Johnson Scott G. , Hart Timothy A. , Fox Corey J.
Published: May 2023

An academic journal is produced by a voluntary organization of scholars who create bodies of common knowledge consisting of the journal's published articles, along with all the references that link to the sources of knowledge for those articles. Even journals in the same discipline develop distinct bodies of common knowledge. New articles simultaneously build on and contribute to this common knowledge and we argue that this interaction with a journal's common knowledge influences how an article will be cited in the future. We explore the ecosystem identified by the Financial Times 50 management journals, demonstrating the overlap and distinction in their common knowledge. We find that journals fundamentally differ in the body of knowledge that comprises them, the sources of knowledge that contribute to them, and the journals to which they make an impact. Our findings generate novel insights into how the references cited in an article affect future citations.
Dielectric response and polarization mechanism of alkali silicate glasses in gigahertz to terahertz frequency range
Authors: Kanehara Kazuki , Urata Shingo , Yasuhara Sou , Tsurumi Takaaki , Hoshina Takuya
Published: May 2023

Oxide glasses are dielectric materials with potential applications in high‐frequency communications; hence, their dielectric properties in the gigahertz to terahertz frequency range should be investigated. In this study, the dielectric properties of silica glass and five single alkali silicate glasses were measured at 0.5–10 THz using terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy and far‐infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. At 0.5–10 THz, the silica glass exhibited low dielectric dispersion with a low dielectric constant and loss. By contrast, the alkali silicate glasses exhibited high dielectric dispersion, and the dielectric constant and loss were higher than those of the silica glass. The shape of the dielectric dispersion profile depended on the alkali‐metal ions; it was broader for lighter ions such as Li ions and sharper for heavier ions such as Cs ions. The peak dielectric loss shifted toward a lower frequency as the weight of the alkali‐metal ions in the alkali‐silicate glass increased. To understand the dielectric dispersion, the complex permittivity was calculated using molecular dynamics simulations. The theoretical results qualitatively agreed with the experimental data. Ion dynamics analysis revealed that alkali‐metal ions vibrate and migrate under an applied electric field, which affects the dielectric constant and loss of alkali‐silicate glasses at gigahertz to terahertz frequencies. To fabricate filter devices at low temperatures, alkali metals should be added to silicate glass; therefore, a minimum amount of light alkali metals should be used to minimize the dielectric loss of the glass materials while maintaining productivity.
Effects of Ca–Gd co‐substitution on the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of M‐type strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Gholizadeh Ahmad , Banihashemi Vajihe
Published: May 2023

Sr1−xCaxFe12−xGdxO19 (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20) hexaferrites were characterized by several techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Structural results indicate the formation of a pure‐phase Sr1−xCaxFe12−xGdxO19 hexaferrite with space group P63/mmc. SEM photography confirms that there are a smaller number of defects due to the reduced porosity and surface area (increased particle size). Magnetic investigations showed a rise of the coercive force from 5069.8 to 5757.4 Oe and saturation magnetization from 79.25 to 80.68 emu/g. The maximum values appear to be for sample x = 0.16, which may be useful in such as permanent magnets, and high‐density media for magnetic storage devices. Dielectric parameters, such as conductivity, the real part of permittivity, dielectric loss, dielectric tangent loss, and complex modulus, were studied. Impedance analysis shows that the conduction process is mainly governed by the long‐range movement of the charge carriers based on the Debye model for x = 0.12.
How feeling misidentified can drive negative attitudes yet increase performance: The role of appraisals
Authors: Meister Alyson , Zhao Emma , Gill Carol , Jehn Karen (Etty) , Sinclair Amanda
Published: May 2023

Internal identity asymmetry is the uncomfortable experience of having one's identity mistaken—feeling being misidentified—by others at work. Through two longitudinal field studies of working individuals, we investigate the consequences of internal identity asymmetry on individuals' attitudes and work performance. Importantly, we incorporate the stress and coping literature to examine how the individual's cognitive appraisal of the asymmetry (of negative affect and coping resources), together moderate the experience. Furthermore, our results also show that appraisals of negative affect and coping resources moderate the relationship between internal identity asymmetry and performance, such that identity asymmetry may also motivate increased performance at work, depending on this appraisal. Our findings shed light on the importance of cognitive appraisal for identity incongruent experiences at work, and how they might be harnessed for positive outcomes depending on appraisal, which can be developed and strengthened over time.
Amelogenesis imperfecta: More than just an enamel problem
Authors: Morr Tal
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This article will provide an overview of the clinical presentation, treatment considerations, and sequencing of treatment for a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). The different types and subgroups of AI will be described, focusing on Type I hypoplastic form of the condition.

Overview

Patients with AI all have abnormal enamel formation but some may also present with vertical dysgnathia, anterior open bite, and posterior crossbite. A case report demonstrates the sequencing and implementation of necessary orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments, beginning in the mixed dentition and ending with esthetic and functional permanent restorations in the permanent dentition.

Clinical Significance

AI is a disorder of tooth enamel formation but may also affect the face, jaw relationship, occlusion, compromised esthetics, and can potentially cause psychological damage due to the appearance of the teeth. Treatment of AI should be initiated at a young age.
Spicing up food interactions: Development of a healthy food education activity targeting fathers and their young children
Authors: Moura Andreia Ferreira , Grønhøj Alice , Aschemann‐Witzel Jessica
Published: May 2023

Background

Childhood obesity rates have been rapidly increasing worldwide. Several actions to reduce this trend have addressed maternal feeding practices. However, research reports an unwillingness to taste healthful foods expressed by children and fathers, which represents a major obstacle to a healthy diet in the family household. The present study aims to propose and qualitatively evaluate an intervention to increase fathers' involvement with their families' healthy eating through exposure to new/disliked healthy foods.

Methods

Fifteen Danish families took part in a 4‐week online intervention involving picture book reading, a sensory experience session and the cooking of four recipes with four targeted vegetables (celeriac, Brussels sprouts, spinach and kale) and two spices (turmeric and ginger). Interviews were conducted with the families and the content was analysed through a blended or abductive approach.

Results

Participating in the activities motivated children and fathers to try new vegetables and spices, and increased fathers' sense of self‐efficacy toward cooking, tasting new foods and healthy feeding. For the family, the intervention acted as a trigger to consume a higher variety of vegetables and spices and prompted feelings of “food joy”. The outcomes observed are of importance considering the relatively low cost and the remote approach of the intervention.

Conclusions

The results highlight the fact that fathers play an important role in the home food environment. We conclude that fathers should be included to a higher extent in food and nutrition strategies aimed at promoting healthy weight development in their children.
Plasma C18:0‐ceramide is a novel potential biomarker for disease severity in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zhang Zhouao , Huang Xiaoyu , Du Xue , Wang Zhouyi , Wang Yingying , Xu Mingming , Chen Xiao , Yao Qian , Yan Lisha , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2023

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody‐mediated autoimmune disorder characterized by fluctuation of fatigue and weakness of muscle. Due to the heterogeneity of the course of MG, available biomarkers for prognostic prediction are urgently needed. Ceramide (Cer) was reported to participate in immune regulation and many autoimmune diseases, but its effects on MG remain undefined. This study aimed to investigate the ceramides expression levels in MG patients and their potential as novel biomarkers of disease severity. Levels of plasma ceramides were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Severity of disease was assessed by quantitative MG scores (QMGs), MG‐specific activities of daily living scale (MG‐ADLs) and 15‐item MG quality of Life (MG‐QOL15). The concentrations of serum interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐17A, and IL‐21 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proportions of circulating memory B cells and plasmablasts were detected by flow‐cytometry assay. Four plasma ceramides levels we studied were detected higher in MG patients. And three of them (C16:0‐Cer, C18:0‐Cer, and C24:0‐Cer) were positively associated with QMGs. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that plasma ceramides have a good ability of differentiating MG from HCs. Importantly, only C18:0‐Cer was shown to be positively associated with the concentration of serum IL and circulating memory B cells, and the decrease in plasma C18:0‐Cer paralleled the clinical improvement of patients with MG. All together, our data suggest that ceramides may play an important role in the immunopathological mechanism of MG, and C18:0‐Cer has the potential to be a novel biomarker for disease severity in MG.

image
Exploring The Transgender Individual's Experience With Healthcare Interactions: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Roach Amy P.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to provide a transgender narrative on healthcare interactions to increase visibility and awareness of transgender‐identified issues in accessing care. This study aimed to: (a) examine how transgender individuals perceive and experience interactions with trained healthcare professionals, such as nurses, physicians, and mental health professionals, (b) identify common issues related to transgender individuals' barriers to care, and (c) identify how these barriers affect a transgender individual's ability to access health care.

Design

A phenomenological approach was used.

Methods

The nine transgender‐identified participants received a demographic questionnaire followed by a virtual semi‐structured interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data.

Findings

The themes that emerged from the data were (a) challenges with accessing health care, (b) inconsistent healthcare information, and (c) disenfranchised versus empowered experiences.

Conclusion

The results of this study not only provided an opportunity for the transgender participants to share their experiences, but also provides educational information for healthcare providers to improve their future interactions with transgender patients.

Clinical relevance

Identifying the transgender patient with the correct name and pronoun, providing a welcoming and open healthcare environment, and knowing where to locate transgender health resources will improve the transgender patient's healthcare experience.
Effects of dietary copper and zinc hydroxychloride supplementation on bone development, skin quality and hematological parameters of broilers chickens
Authors: dos Santos Tatiane S. , Augusto Karolina V. Z. , Han Yanming , Sartori Maria M. P. , Batistioli Julianna S. , Contin Neto Armando C. , Ferreira Netto Raimundo G. , Zanetti Leonardo H. , Pasquali Guilherme A. M. , Muro Everton M. , Araujo Robert G. A. C. , Basso Roberta M. , Guimarães Victor Y. , Takahira Regina K. , Kim Woo K. , Sartori José R.
Published: May 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), using two mineral sources (sulphate and hydroxy forms), on the bone characteristics, skin strength/elasticity, and haematological parameters of broilers. A total of 1792 1‐day‐old male Cobb‐500 broiler chickens were randomly distributed among eight dietary treatments, using Cu sulphate (CSM) or hydroxychloride (CHC), and Zn sulphate (ZSM) or hydroxychloride (ZHC). The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) low‐CSM/high‐ZSM, (2) high‐CSM/high‐ZSM, (3) low‐CHC/low‐ZHC, (4) low‐CHC/medium‐ZHC, (5) low‐CHC/high‐ZHC, (6) high‐CHC/low‐ZHC, (7) high‐CHC/medium‐ZHC, and (8) high‐CHC/high‐ZHC. On Day 42, blood samples were collected from one bird/pen to analyze the haematological parameters. Finally, two birds/pen were slaughtered, and the tibia and femur were collected to analyze the quality of bone and skin. The means were subjected to ANOVA and, when significant, compared by Tukey's test (p < 0.05) or Dunnett's (p < 0.05) test. The haematological parameters were not influenced by mineral supplementation. However, the inclusion of low ZHC enhanced the skin strength compared to high ZHC (p = 0.046). Furthermore, the bone mineral density of the tibia proximal epiphysis, tibia ash and tibia mineral content were positively improved with supplementation of low‐CHC/medium‐ZHC compared to high‐CHC/medium‐ZHC. This study demonstrated that hydroxy compounds are potential alternatives for replacing sulphate supplements in broiler diets. Moreover, among the Cu and Zn levels, the low CHC (15 mg/kg) and medium ZHC (100 mg/kg) improved bone development and skin integrity, suggesting that the combination of Cu and Zn can be a nutritional strategy to prevent the incidence of leg disorders in broilers.
Clinical investigation and management of Brucella suis seropositive dogs: A longitudinal case series
Authors: Kneipp Catherine C. , Deutscher Ania T. , Coilparampil Ronald , Rose Anne Marie , Robson Jennifer , Malik Richard , Stevenson Mark A. , Wiethoelter Anke K. , Mor Siobhan M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Brucellosis in dogs caused by Brucella suis is an emerging zoonotic disease.

Objectives

To document clinical characteristics, serology, microbiology, and clinical response to treatment in B. suis‐seropositive dogs.

Animals

Longitudinal study of 27 privately‐owned dogs. Dogs that tested positive by serology, culture, or real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were included in the study.

Methods

Clinical (physical examination and imaging) and laboratory (serology, hematology, serum biochemistry, and qPCR or culture) assessments were made at baseline and after approximately 3, 6, 12, and 18 months.

Results

Dogs were followed for 10 895 dog days, with 17/27 dogs completing the 18‐month follow‐up. Ten dogs had signs consistent with brucellosis before enrollment (n = 4), at baseline (n = 2) or during follow‐up (n = 6), with 2 dogs experiencing relapse of historical signs. Antibody titers persisted for the duration of follow‐up in 15/17 dogs (88%). Radiographic (n = 5) and ultrasound (n = 11) findings, of variable clinical relevance, were observed. Brucella DNA and organisms were detected in 3 dogs, all of which had clinical signs, including in the milk of a bitch around the time of whelping. Brucella DNA was not detected in blood (n = 92 samples), urine (n = 80), saliva (n = 95) or preputial swabs (n = 78) at any time during follow‐up. Six dogs underwent treatment, all of which achieved clinical remission although remission was not reflected by decreasing antibody titers.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Most dogs with B. suis infections have subclinical infections. Serology is poorly associated with clinical disease. Excretion of organisms appears rare except in whelping bitches. Clinical management using antibiotics with or without surgery is recommended.
Genomic insights into the postintroduction failure of the Asian icefish Protosalanx chinensis in China
Authors: Qi Jiwei , Pan Huijuan , Wang Xiaochen , Xuan Zhongya , Pan Xiaofu , Li Xuanzhao , Shen Ying , Yang Jian , Zhang Jie , Li Ming
Published: May 2023

Biological introductions provide a natural ecological experiment unfolding in a recent historical timeframe to elucidate how evolutionary processes (such as founder effects, genetic diversity and adaptation) shape the genomic landscape of populations postintroduction. The Asian icefish, Protosalanx chinensis, is an economically important fishery resource, deliberately introduced into dozens of provinces across China for decades. However, while invading and disturbing the local ecosystem, many introduced populations declined, disappearing mysteriously in a very short time. The way in which various evolutionary forces integrate to result in invasion failure of an introduced population remains unknown. Here, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of 10 species from the Salangidae family and 70 Asian icefish (Protosalanx chinensis) individuals from 7 geographic populations in China, aiming to characterize the evolutionary fate of introduced populations. Our results show that compared to other Salangidae species, P. chinensis has low genetic diversity, potentially due to the long‐lasting decline in population size. In a recently introducted population, Lugu lake, severe sampling effects and a strong bottleneck further deteriorated the genomic landscape. Although the introduced population showed signs of reduced genetic load, the purging selection efficiency was low. Our selective sweep analysis revealed site frequency changes in candidate genes, including gata1a and hoxd4b, which could be associated with a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the deep‐water plateau lake. These findings caution against the widespread introduction of P. chinensis in China and lay the groundwork for future use of this economically species.
Indigenous language use in museum spaces
Authors: Schillo Julia , Turin Mark
Published: May 2023

In the summer of 2020, two museums in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, simultaneously hosted art exhibitions by Indigenous artists. The Vancouver Art Gallery (VAG) hosted an exhibition of works by Shuvinai Ashoona, an Inuk artist part of the Dorset Fine Arts Co‐operative, based in Kinngait, Nunavut. At the same time, the Museum of Anthropology (MOA) hosted an exhibition of the work of Kent Monkman, a Cree artist known for exploring themes of colonization and sexuality in his work. Each exhibition offered signage in an Indigenous language: in Inuktitut and Cree, respectively. Reflecting on the ways Inuktitut and Cree were used in these exhibitions has led us to write this review article, in which we draw on recent scholarship that addresses questions of language in museum spaces (Sönmez et al., 2020; Lazzeretti, 2016).
Educational interventions to promote sun‐protection behaviors in adolescents in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Tran Tiffaney , Song Sarah , Texeira Anthony J. , Rechis Ruth , Nelson Kelly C.
Published: May 2023

The most prevalent modifiable risk factor for skin cancer is cumulative lifetime exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, supporting the development of interventions promoting the early adoption of sun‐protection behaviors. This systematic review summarizes behavioral interventions designed to promote sun‐protection behaviors and reduce harmful UV exposure among U.S. adolescents. Ten studies describing 15 intervention arms were ultimately included in this review and comprised seven cross‐sectional studies, a cohort study, a quasi‐experimental study, and a randomized controlled trial. Most interventions included in this review were effective in increasing awareness of skin cancer and knowledge of the risk factors for skin cancer, but knowledge did not correlate with self‐reported frequency of sun‐protection behaviors in this population.
Preferential trade agreements, externalities, and domestic policy
Authors: Bezmaternykh Natalia , Missios Paul
Published: May 2023

As multilateral trade barriers fall, there are increasing concerns that domestic policies will be used to undermine tariff cooperation. We examine how the ability to use domestic instruments affects the formation of trade agreements, and the resulting implications for the pursuit of free trade. We examine how optimal tariffs relate to domestic policy choices, and how negotiated restrictions on trade policy affect both domestic policies and the incentives to enter different trade agreements. We show that unrestricted domestic policy can lead to very different equilibrium trade agreements than with exogenous domestic policy.
N6‐Methyladenosine mRNA modification regulates transcripts stability associated with cotton fiber elongation
Authors: Xing Kun , Liu Zhao , Liu Le , Zhang Jie , Qanmber Ghulam , Wang Ye , Liu Lisen , Gu Yu , Zhang Changsheng , Li Shuaijie , Zhang Yan , Yang Zuoren
Published: May 2023

N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant methylation modification in eukaryotic mRNA. The discovery of the dynamic and reversible regulatory mechanism of m6A has greatly promoted the development of m6A‐led epitranscriptomics. However, the characterization of m6A in cotton fiber is still unknown. Here, we reveal the potential link between m6A modification and cotton fiber elongation by parallel m6A‐immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (m6A‐seq) and RNA‐seq analysis of fibers from the short fiber mutants Ligonliness‐2 (Li2) and wild‐type (WT). This study demonstrated a higher level of m6A in the Li2 mutant, with the enrichment of m6A modifications in the stop codon, 3′‐untranslated region and coding sequence regions than in WT cotton. In the correlation analysis between genes containing differential m6A modifications and differentially expressed genes, we identified several genes that could potentially regulate fiber elongation, including cytoskeleton, microtubule binding, cell wall and transcription factors (TFs). We further confirmed that the methylation of m6A affected the mRNA stability of these fiber elongation‐related genes including the TF GhMYB44, which showed the highest expression level in the RNA‐seq data and m6A methylation in the m6A‐seq data. Next, the overexpression of GhMYB44 reduces fiber elongation, whereas the silencing of GhMYB44 produces longer fibers. In summary, these results uncover that m6A methylation regulated the expression of genes related to fiber development by affecting mRNA's stability, ultimately affecting cotton fiber elongation.
Analysis Land Use and Land Cover of the Municipality of Itarema-Ceará- Brazil based on Landsat Multispectral Data
Authors: Nascimento Neto Jose Nelson Do , Uchoa Elenilton Bezerra
Published: May 2023

This work investigated the process of land use and land cover in the municipality of Itarema. It is located in the geographic coordinates of Latitude (S) 2º 55’ 13” and Longitude (W) 39º 54’ 54” in the northern region of the state of Ceará, with an area of 720.7 km² in the semi-arid region. The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in land use and land cover in the municipality of Itarema for the period from 2000 to 2020, from Landsat 5 and 8 series orbital remote sensing data to evaluate the evolutionary behavior of the landscape. The methodology used was the literary review in (Leite Rosa 2012) and IBGE Land Use Technician Manual (2013). Technical procedures related to orbital images from the Landsat 5 and 8 series recorded respectively 2000 and 2020 were applied. Imaging treatment was performed with preprocessing and spectral bands, B5 - Medium infrared, B4 - Near infrared and B2 - Green was processed for Landsat 5 and B6 - SWIR-1, B5 - Near infrared and B4 - Red for Landsat 8 in ENVI 4.3. The classification supervised in the Semi-Automatic Plug-in was performed by the MAX-VER method and seven types of use were considered. The results point to a significant change in the typology of dense vegetation  from 52.84% in 2000 to a reduction of 25.71% in 2020, followed by the increase in degraded areas from 7.47% in 2000 to 16.03% in 2020. Final considerations, we highlight the importance of remote sensing in observations of landscape evolution and in the interpretation of the typology of use. We identified significant changes in the classes of degraded areas and dense vegetation, both associated supported by the change in the PIB  profile of the municipality.
Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Frontal Midline Theta Power, Shooting Performance, and Attentional Focus With Experienced Biathletes
Authors: Toolis Thomas , Cooke Andrew , Laaksonen Marko S. , McGawley Kerry
Published: May 2023

Frontal midline theta power (FMT) has been associated with superior rifle shooting performance. Our experiment examined whether electroencephalographic-based training could increase FMT, shooting performance, and attentional focus in highly trained/elite biathletes. Participants (n = 28; age, M = 21.7, SD = 2.3) were assigned to a control group or an intervention group (with 3 hr of neurofeedback training). FMT increased from baseline during the neurofeedback training sessions (p ≤ .05). However, there were no Group × Pre–post training (test) interactions for FMT or shooting performance (p > .05). There was a small Group × Test effect for attentional focus (p = .07, ), indicating a potential benefit of neurofeedback training. Superior shooters were more proficient at increasing FMT during neurofeedback training, but this did not translate to greater improvements in shooting performance. Our findings suggest that the effects of neurofeedback training are transient and do not necessarily benefit performance.
Investigating Intraindividual Variability of Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Relations With Subsequent Physical Activity
Authors: Reifsteck Erin J. , Hevel Derek J. , Anderson Shelby N. , Rebar Amanda L. , Maher Jaclyn P.
Published: May 2023

Heeding recent calls to capture dynamic variability of physical activity (PA) motivation within a self-determination theory framework, this study examined the extent to which psychological needs satisfaction in PA predicted subsequent PA, disaggregating within-person and between-persons data. University students (N = 89) wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for 6 days and reported basic psychological needs satisfaction daily. Multilevel models examined whether competence, autonomy, and relatedness for the previous day’s PA (>2,020 counts per minute) predicted the following day’s minutes of PA (>2,020 counts per minute), controlling for previous-day PA. Participants who, on average, reported greater feelings of autonomy and competence tended to engage in more minutes of PA the following day. When participants reported feeling greater relatedness than what was typical for them, they tended to engage in more PA the following day. Psychological needs vary day to day, but how and to what extent they predict PA depends on the specific need.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index in Turkish Runners
Authors: Turgut Elif , Tascan Mesut Burak , Can Ezgi Nur , Bayram Ismail , Nelson Evan O. , Heiderscheit Bryan
Published: May 2023

Context: The University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) was developed to evaluate the key elements that runners use to self-assess their own running ability following common running-related injuries. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the UWRI and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Turkish version (UWRI-Tr) in runners. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: The study included 129 runners. The UWRI-Tr, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Hip Outcome Score, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure were applied for the validation purposes. Internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the UWRI-Tr were tested. Results: The test–retest reliability of the UWRI-Tr was excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .85 and a Cronbach α value of .84. There was a small to strong correlation among the UWRI-Tr and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (r = .278), Oswestry Disability Index (r = −.744), Hip Outcome Score (r = .684), The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (r = .758), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (r = .498 and .767), indicating that its construct validity was appropriate for use with Turkish runners. Conclusions: The UWRI-Tr was shown to be a valid and reliable tool to use in clinical and research settings as a sport-specific measurement tool.
Bullying and Physical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wei Mengyi , Graber Kim C.
Published: May 2023

This scoping review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of physical education (PE) literature related to bullying. The review was outlined and guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. All English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals that focused on bullying and PE were included. Thematic analysis was used to summarize data extracted from the selected literature. In total, 43 articles conducted in 16 countries were included in this scoping review. Results identified individual-, peer-, school-, and family-level factors that trigger bullying in PE. The impacts of bullying in PE, antibullying strategies and interventions, and summary of future study directions are also discussed. Results from the study highlighted the importance of adopting social ecological perspectives to address bullying behavior and guide antibullying interventions in PE. Physical activities that can potentially promote children’s social emotional learning are also needed to reduce and prevent bullying in PE.
Exploring the Athletic Identity, Anxiety, and Mental Health of Division II Collegiate Athletes in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Hebert Justin A. , Newland Aubrey
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious implications on the health and well-being of student-athletes. The present study explored the athletic experiences of NCAA Division II college athletes during the competitive hiatus caused by the pandemic, as well as in their return to sport participation. Twenty male and female student-athletes from a variety of sports (freshman = 2, sophomores = 4, seniors = 9, and graduate = 5) participated in semistructured interviews to explore how the pandemic affected their athletic identity, anxiety, and mental health. Through the use of thematic content analysis, the following major themes were identified: (a) influence of COVID on athletic identity, (b) increased anxiety during COVID, (c) social aspects of sport participation, and (d) factors that influence mental health. Findings indicated a combination of positive and negative effects on the athletic identity, anxiety, and mental health and well-being of student-athletes.
Judging facts, judging norms: Training machine learning models to judge humans requires a modified approach to labeling data
Authors: Balagopalan Aparna , Madras David , Yang David H. , Hadfield-Menell Dylan , Hadfield Gillian K. , Ghassemi Marzyeh
Published: May 2023

As governments and industry turn to increased use of automated decision systems, it becomes essential to consider how closely such systems can reproduce human judgment. We identify a core potential failure, finding that annotators label objects differently depending on whether they are being asked a factual question or a normative question. This challenges a natural assumption maintained in many standard machine-learning (ML) data acquisition procedures: that there is no difference between predicting the factual classification of an object and an exercise of judgment about whether an object violates a rule premised on those facts. We find that using factual labels to train models intended for normative judgments introduces a notable measurement error. We show that models trained using factual labels yield significantly different judgments than those trained using normative labels and that the impact of this effect on model performance can exceed that of other factors (e.g., dataset size) that routinely attract attention from ML researchers and practitioners.
Deficiency in mammalian STN1 promotes colon cancer development via inhibiting DNA repair
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Duc , Kim Eugene , Le Nhat Thong , Ding Xianzhong , Jaiswal Rishi Kumar , Kostlan Raymond Joseph , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thanh , Shiva Olga , Le Minh Thong , Chai Weihang
Published: May 2023

Despite the high lethality of colorectal cancers (CRCs), only a limited number of genetic risk factors are identified. The mammalian ssDNA-binding protein complex CTC1-STN1-TEN1 protects genome stability, yet its role in tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that attenuated CTC1/STN1 expression is common in CRCs. We generated an inducible STN1 knockout mouse model and found that STN1 deficiency in young adult mice increased CRC incidence, tumor size, and tumor load. CRC tumors exhibited enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and elevated DNA damage and replication stress. We found that STN1 deficiency down-regulated multiple DNA glycosylases, resulting in defective base excision repair (BER) and accumulation of oxidative damage. Collectively, this study identifies STN1 deficiency as a risk factor for CRC and implicates the previously unknown STN1-BER axis in protecting colon tissues from oxidative damage, therefore providing insights into the CRC tumor–suppressing mechanism.
Disentangling the mechanisms of equatorial Pacific climate change
Authors: Kang Sarah M. , Shin Yechul , Kim Hanjun , Xie Shang-Ping , Hu Shineng
Published: May 2023

Most state-of-art models project a reduced equatorial Pacific east-west temperature gradient and a weakened Walker circulation under global warming. However, the causes of this robust projection remain elusive. Here, we devise a series of slab ocean model experiments to diagnostically decompose the global warming response into the contributions from the direct carbon dioxide (CO
2
) forcing, sea ice changes, and regional ocean heat uptake. The CO
2
forcing dominates the Walker circulation slowdown through enhancing the tropical tropospheric stability. Antarctic sea ice changes and local ocean heat release are the dominant drivers for reduced zonal temperature gradient over the equatorial Pacific, while the Southern Ocean heat uptake opposes this change. Corroborating our model experiments, multimodel analysis shows that the models with greater Southern Ocean heat uptake exhibit less reduction in the temperature gradient and less weakening of the Walker circulation. Therefore, constraining the tropical Pacific projection requires a better insight into Southern Ocean processes.
Toward controllable and predictable synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Yi-Hong , Hsieh Chia-Jui , Hsu Liang-Ching , Lin Kun-Han , Hsiao Yueh-Chun , Chi Chong-Chi , Lin Jui-Tai , Chang Chun-Wei , Lin Shang-Cheng , Wu Cheng-Yu , Gao Jia-Qi , Pao Chih-Wen , Chang Yin-Mei , Lu Ming-Yen , Zhou Shan , Yang Tung-Han
Published: May 2023

High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention in catalysis. However, there are no effective strategies for synthesizing them in a controllable and predictable manner. With quinary HEA nanocrystals made of platinum-group metals as an example, we demonstrate that their structures with spatial compositions can be predicted by quantitatively knowing the reduction kinetics of metal precursors and entropy of mixing in the nanocrystals under dropwise addition of the mixing five–metal precursor solution. The time to reach a steady state for each precursor plays a pivotal role in determining the structures of HEA nanocrystals with homogeneous alloy and core-shell features. Compared to the commercial platinum/carbon and phase-separated counterparts, the dendritic HEA nanocrystals with a defect-rich surface show substantial enhancement in catalytic activity and durability toward both hydrogen evolution and oxidation. This quantitative study will lead to a paradigm shift in the design of HEA nanocrystals, pushing away from the trial-and-error approach.
Orientation-controlled membrane anchoring of bioorthogonal catalysts on live cells via liposome fusion–based transport
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Wu Tong , Xie Shasha , Bai Yugang , Xing Hang
Published: May 2023

An obstacle to conducting diverse bioorthogonal reactions in living systems is the sensitivity of artificial metal catalysts. It has been reported that artificial metallocatalysts can be assembled in “cleaner” environments in cells for stabilized performance, which is powerful but is limited by the prerequisite of using specific cells. We report here a strategy to establish membrane-anchored catalysts with precise spatial control via liposome fusion–based transport (MAC-LiFT), loading bioorthogonal catalytic complexes onto either or both sides of the membrane leaflets. We show that the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane serves as a reliable shelter for metal centers, protecting the complexes from deactivation thus substantially lowering the amount of catalyst needed for effective intracellular catalysis. This MAC-LiFT approach makes it possible to establish catalyst-protective systems with exclusively exogenous agents in a wide array of mammalian cells, allowing convenient and wider use of diverse bioorthogonal reactions in live cellular systems.
Toward highly effective loading of DNA in hydrogels for high-density and long-term information storage
Authors: Fei Zhongjie , Gupta Nupur , Li Mengjie , Xiao Pengfeng , Hu Xiao
Published: May 2023

Digital information, when converted into a DNA sequence, provides dense, stable, energy-efficient, and sustainable data storage. The most stable method for encapsulating DNA has been in an inorganic matrix of silica, iron oxide, or both, but are limited by low DNA uptake and complex recovery techniques. This study investigated a rationally designed thermally responsive functionally graded (TRFG) hydrogel as a simple and cost-effective method for storing DNA. The TRFG hydrogel shows high DNA uptake, long-term protection, and reusability due to nondestructive DNA extraction. The high loading capacity was achieved by directly absorbing DNA from the solution, which is then retained because of its interaction with a hyperbranched cationic polymer loaded into a negatively charged hydrogel matrix used as a support and because of its thermoresponsive nature, which allows DNA concentration within the hydrogel through multiple swelling/deswelling cycles. We were able to achieve a high DNA data density of 7.0 × 10
9
gigabytes per gram using a hydrogel-based system.
Accessing the brain with soft deployable electrocorticography arrays
Authors: Asplund Maria
Published: May 2023

Soft robotics facilitates the deployment of large radial electrode arrays on the brain cortex through small craniotomies.