bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Individual Motivators of Graduates of Transport Educational Institutions
Authors: Erkhova M. V. , Shumkova L. G.
Published: April 2023

The article substantiates the relevance of studying individual motivators of future civil aviation pilots and future railway employees in the context of their professional education and describes the results of the study that had the objective to determine degree of evidence and conjunction of mean group motivators of two categories of respondents, as well as influence of obtained motivational profiles on the peculiarities of perception of the future profession by students of transport educational institutions.The chosen empirical research method was based on diagnostics according to the «Motivation profile» test developed by S. Ritchie and P. Martin. This motivation test is a reliable and valid tool for measuring person’s individual motivations for activity, based on the study of 1355 motivation profiles of an international group of respondents suitable for analysis. The authors of the test identified 12 factors, which are human needs that drive people at work, the severity of which is reflected in the motivation profile of a person or a group.The present study involved 144 cadets of the 5th year at Ulyanovsk Civil Aviation Institute named after Air Chief Marshal B. P. Bugaev pursuing «Organisation of flight work» specialised study course, and 50 3rd year students at Ulyanovsk Railway College, pursuing the «Technical operation of rail rolling stock of railways: Assistant driver of a diesel locomotive» study course.The diagnostic experiment namely allowed to develop mean group motivation profiles of these categories of respondents and to carry out their analysis in terms of the requirements for the future occupation of the respondents. Particular attention was paid to a comparative analysis of motivation profiles of future civil aviation pilots and future railway employees.Recommendations based on the results of the study are aimed at improving the educational process of a transport educational institution.
Rail Track for Light Rail Transit Systems
Authors: Zheludkevitch A. M. , Zayarny S. L.
Published: April 2023

The analysis of the well-known designs and technologies for manufacture of rail tracks for light rail transit (LRT) allows to assess trends in development of this type of transportation, as well as to reveal an underestimation of public rail transport referring to the existing «tendency to eliminate tram traffic» in several Russian cities, despite the problems of urban ground passenger transport associated with a limited resource of urban space.The prospects for development of urban ground passenger transport systems of LRT type were considered regarding adoption of new types of rolling stock, infrastructure development, reduction of costs and time of renewal of existing and construction of new tracks.The objective of this article is to present an option of a rail track design for LRT considering its structural and technological features, as well as comparative assessment of its technical and economic indicators. The research method is based on the analysis of the current state, prospects, and trends in development of LRT in Russia, which made it possible to propose a solution to the existing problem of urban passenger transport. Research was reflected in relevant patents, in pending applications for alleged inventions, as well as in experience of manufacturing full-scale samples.Comparative assessment referred to the known designs of sleeper and sleeperless, ballast and ballastless track used for light rail transit.A prefabricated, two-level structure of a ballastless rail track for light rail transit is suggested. The design consists of a pile foundation with superposed longitudinal sleeper track connected by transverse braces. The design and technological features, as well as advantages of the proposed design in terms of essential indicators are shown in comparison with the known rail track designs for light rail transit. It is shown that the proposed track design makes it possible to develop a self-sufficient, self-organising logistics system and to quickly proceed with permanent construction, processing passenger traffic and cargo flows. Since the concept of «from infrastructure to facility» is replaced by the concept of «from facility to infrastructure», it allows development of the facility to outpace development of transport infrastructure, as a costly system with a distant payback.
Key determinants and strategies for cybersecurity education in Yemen
Authors: Humied Ismail Abdullah Hasan
Published: April 2023

The availability of an education system capable of developing skills, and thus a trained workforce with cyber-competence, is a prerequisite for avoiding cyber-attacks on a country’s critical infrastructure. Hiring foreign workers or outsourcing some operations is possible, but this is not a long-term solution and poses other problems. The available literature provides recommendations for creating a nationwide development, but little is known about the variables affecting the growth of cybersecurity education in developing countries like Yemen. Using data from 19 semi-structured meetings with academic officials from seven universities and academic entities, and then qualitative analysis these data, this article discusses the determinants of cybersecurity education, and approaches to improve cybersecurity education. To enhance current preparation, there is an urgent need for a national cybersecurity education strategy, which supports a number of initiatives and creates a multi-stakeholder space, where government, labor market, and academia can actively work together to meet national cybersecurity education requirements. Also, there is needed to complete the preparations to promote research and development skills and cybersecurity awareness while enhancing educator training and academic cybersecurity programse.
Constructional Efficiency in Al_Ahwaar Traditional Architecture
Authors: Khuraibet Usama Abdul-Mun'em
Published: April 2023

Constructional Efficiency in architecture in general is one of the most important standard success for any structure and a measure of its continuity and relevance across time and space. Given the importance of Al-Ahwaar environment that owned the spatial, environmental, economic and social elements had a prominent impact in creation of architecture patterns form to create special architectural and structural environment, which had many qualities and ingredients that contributed to its continuity and existence over the years. From the premise that man and his environment is the main goal to any architectural style,

Thus the research problem focusing on the lack of clarity of the previous literatures in its studies for the role of architectural styles in Al-Ahwaar in achieving constructional efficiency, despite the large number of studies on Al-Ahwaar architecture but it is mostly marked by non-clarity and lack in the constructional and technical aspects,

Therefore, the research goal focusing on clarification of the impact of the techniques that used in formations Al_Ahwaar traditional architecture in order to reach to the constructional efficiency in various aspects such as technical, material, economical, and expressional. Assuming that achieving to the constructional efficiency at Al-Ahwaar traditional architecture depends on its characteristics and elements that contributed to the continuity of their patterns across time.

The research depended on analytical method of a model of traditional architecture in Al-Ahwaar to reach those goals, as the study of these items aims to deepen the understanding of the designer to the requirements of each component in order to achieve integration together. These components must not conflict with each other, but it must be integrated during and after the design process until it comes out as a creative of architectural destination.

 al-ahwaar architecture, constructional efficiency, technical and material aspects, constructional integration.
Studying the Improvement of the Solubility of Cellulosic Fibers
Authors: Mohammed Asem Hassan
Published: April 2023

This study focuses for improving the increase the solubility of fiber cellulose in sodium hydroxide solution in concentrations ranging from (4- 12%), from one point of view and from other point of view in (sodium hydroxide and urea) solution concentration (6% NaOH + 4% urea), under  low temperature (- 15, - 20 Co) , depending on the principle of  reducing the degree of polymerization for  fiber cellulose, which is represented in our tests cotton linter who its represent  (Whatman filter paper, Grade 1), some samples subjected to chemical pretreatment as simulation the method of decomposition of cellulosic materials by white or brown fungi that grow on trees, this method involves the use of chemical materials, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) , oxalic acid C2H2O4 and ferrous sulfate FeSO4 to be reaction known ( Fenton reaction or Fenton's reagent) which produce  free radicals helps the decomposition of cellulose fibers. The results were as follows: The solubility of cellulose fiber in sodium hydroxide solution was up to 42% cellulose and the best sodium hydroxide concentration is 8% for treated simples in Fenton solution and for untreated simples were the best solubility of cellulose fiber up to 28% and the best temperature is -20 Co for both. For the solubility of  cellulose fibers in sodium hydroxide and urea solution (6% NaOH + 4% urea)  was more than 60% of treated cellulose in Fenton reaction , while for untreated cellulose was the best solubility ratio up to 35% and it was the best temperature - 15 Co
Optimization of Dye Removal Using Waste Natural Material and Polymer Particles
Authors: Kadhim Bashar J. , Kamel Afraa H. , Ahmed Bashir
Published: April 2023

In this paper waste natural material (date seed) and polymer particles(UF) were used for investigation of  removal dye of the potassium permanganate. Also study effect some variables such as pH, dye concentration and adsorbent concentration on dye removal. 15 experimental runs were done using  the itemized conditions designed established on the Box-Wilson design employed to optimize dye removal. The optimum conditions for the dye removal were found: (pH) 12, (dye con.) 2.38 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.0816 gm for date seed with 95.22% removal and for UF (pH) 12, (dye con.) 18 ppm, (adsorbant con.) 0.2235 gm with 91.43%. The value of R-square was 85.47%  for Date seed  and (88.77%) for UF.
Microbicidal Effect of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles in Antimicrobial Agent System
Authors: Mahdy Saba Abdul Hadi
Published: April 2023

Microbial antibiotics resistance is considered a serious health issue in the Middle East and developing countries. In this study, the Fe2O3 nanoparticles was prepared chemically, and the particles size and shape were analyzed by using Scan electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Different concentration of Fe2O3 nanoparticles were used and examined on E.coli and S. aureus. Using liquid dilution and in vitro cytotoxicity assay by microplate toxicity test (MTT). The microbial cell metabolic activity was measured on gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi after treating with different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The results of liquid dilution method showed that the MIC of Fe2O3 nanoparticles are 30 μg/ml and 40 μg/ml on E.coli and S. aureus respectively. The results of MTT assay exhibited the ability of Fe2O3 nanoparticles to eliminate the gram negative bacteria (E.coli and K. pneumoniae) at 20 µg/ml, while S. aureus, M. luteus, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were totally eliminated at 30 µg/ml.
Geochemical features of HC- occurrence in carbonates of the Minyar formation of the Upper Riphean, Bashkir Meganticlinorium, Southern Urals
Authors: Gorozhanin Valery Michailovich
Published: April 2023

The results of a geochemical study of organic matter found in carbonate deposits of a typical section of the Minyar formation of the Upper Riphean, exposed within the Karatau structural complex in the western part of the Bashkir meganticlinorium, are presented.

Analytical methods of gas chromatography and chromato-mass spectrometry in extracted hydrocarbons have been used to diagnose diamantanes, alkanes and specific biomarkers – tricyclic terpanes, gopanes and steranes. The thermal maturity corresponding to the upper part of the oil window is determined by the diamantanes. The quantitative ratios of other hydrocarbons strongly depend on the facies nature of carbonates – in thin-layered lagoon carbonates, where there are significantly more of them, they are recognized as autochthonous, in the stromatolite bioherm located next to them, light alkanes were lost, organic matter was probably subject to consedimentary biodegradation due to periodic subaeral exposure. Dibenzothiophene, an organosulfur biomarker, was also found in organic matter, which can be used to assess the content of sulfates in the sedimentation basin. The concentration of dibenzothiophene is significantly higher than the concentrations in the occurrence of hydrocarbons in Neoproterozoic sediments of other regions of the world, which indicates the existence of strong regional differences in the content of sulfate in Late Precambrian seawater.
To the features of the mechanism of ore formation
Authors: Kazantseva Tamara Timofeevna
Published: April 2023

To date, there is no doubt that in the Paleozoic the crust of the Urals was formed in a setting of tangential compression as a result of manifestations of several tectonic cycles, each of which was due to the thrust of the oceanic crust on the continental base. As a result, the geochemical interaction of the compositions of volcanogenic-sedimentary formations, which evolved in accordance with the increase in tectonic compression from minimum to maximum values, was determined. Significantly increased tectonic loads lead to squeezing of eruption channels, cessation of magmatic activity, widespread development of flysch and olistostromal strata, massive thrusting and digging of previously formed formations, and the appearance of anatectic granite intrusions. The first half of the tectonic cycle, as a rule, evolutionary, led to the development of igneous rocks — the main carriers of ore components in a dispersed state. The second half is deformation, in addition to the listed processes, it contributed to the concentration of useful components in one way or another in the deposit. In accordance with the model of the formation of the earth’s crust, the epochs of ore formation are simultaneous with the thrusting and are genetically determined by it.
New estimates of the influence of paleoclimate on the vertical distribution of heat flow
Authors: Golovanova Inessa Vladimirovn , Sal’manova Raushaniya Yurisovna
Published: April 2023

The study of deep continental boreholes revealed significant vertical variations in heat flow. This fact still has no satisfactory explanation. One possible cause could be the effects of past climate changes, namely changes in the Earth's surface temperature. The paper discusses some consequences of accounting for the influence of paleoclimate on the measured heat flow using the example of the platform part of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A numerical simulation of the influence of paleoclimate on the distribution of the thermal field in the borehole was performed using two models of past climate changes. The first model, adopted earlier, includes two major climatic episodes of the past, the Würm glaciation 80–10 thousand years ago, and the Little Ice Age, 600–150 years ago. The second model uses the climatic curve for the Meso-Cenozoic, which additionally takes into account the warming that began about 65 Ma, reached its maximum about 45 Ma, and followed by a cooling that continued with some fluctuations until the present time [Velichko, 1987]. It is shown that, in the analysis of vertical variations in heat flow, the use of a model of past climate changes, taking into account more distant large climatic events than has been done previously, allows us to estimate the paleoclimate influence as much more significant than previously thought. However, at this stage of the research, with the accepted models of temperature changes at the Earth's surface, the vertical variations of the heat flow established by the results of experimental geothermal studies cannot be explained only by the influence of the paleoclimate. To solve the problem, we need a detailed study of the thermophysical properties of rocks, high-quality temperature measurements in wells, and improvement of the model of past climate changes in the region under study.
Aşiy Kelimesinin Kur’an Meallerinde Hatalı Tercümesi
Authors: ÇALGAN Mehmet Ali
Published: April 2023

Kur’an-ı Kerîm’in doğru anlaşılması şüphesiz Müslümanlar için en büyük ehemmiyeti haizdir. Bu makalede Kur’an-ı Kerîm’de on âyet-i kerimede geçen aşiy kelimesinin Türkçe Kur’an meal-lerinde nasıl çevrildiği incelenmiştir. Arapça dil kaynakları ve Kur’an tefsirlerinde “güneşin ze-valinden batışına kadar olan vakit” olarak izah edilen aşiy kelimesine incelenen Kur’an mealle-rinde büyük çoğunlukla “akşam” ya da “akşamüstü” manası verildiği görülmüştür. Aşiy kelime-sinin hadislerdeki kullanımı da araştırılmış ve bazı hadislerin bizzat metinlerinde aşiy vaktinin öğle ve ikindi namazlarının vakitlerine tekâbul ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Hadis şerhleri ve tercüme-lerindeki izahat da Kur’an tefsirleri ve Arapça dil kaynaklarındaki malumat ile uyum hâlindedir. Aşiy kelimesinin içinde geçtiği on âyetten sekizinde mezkûr kelime sabah vaktini ifade eden başka bir kelimeyle birlikte geçmektedir. Bu sekiz âyetin dördünde günün muayyen iki zaman diliminden bahsedilmekte, diğer dördünde ise bir görüşe göre yine muayyen iki vakte işaret edilmekte bir görüşe göreyse bu iki kelime (aşiy ve sabah vakti) devamlılıktan kinâye olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu ikinci görüşe göre devam ifade eden bu dört âyetin çevirisinde “sabah ak-şam” tabirinin devam manası içerecek şekilde kullanılması münasip olabilir. Ancak devam ma-nası içermeyen diğer altı âyetin Kur’an meallerindeki çevirilerinde kullanılan “akşam” ifadesi ile Arapça dil kaynakları, tefsirler, hadis metinleri ve hadis şerhlerinde aşiy kelimesine verilen an-lam arasındaki uyumsuzluk bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Makalede bu sorunun muhtemel sebeple-ri üzerinde durulmuş ve beş farklı sebep tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeplerden önemli görülen biri, bazı tefsirlerde aşiy kelimesinin izahında kullanılan ve asıl manası “öğle vaktinden güneşin ba-tımına veya gecenin yarısına kadar olan süre” olan mesâ kelimesinin anlamının Türkçede darala-rak sadece “akşam” olarak bilinmesi, diğeri ise Arapçada özel bir anlamı olan aşiy kelimesini Türkçede karşılayacak tek bir kelimenin olmaması ve bazen sabah vaktinin mukabili olarak kul-lanılması nedeniyle bu kelimenin “akşam” kelimesiyle çevrilmesinin yaygınlaşmasıdır.
Fâ-i Tefsiriyye Edatının Çevirisi Meselesi: Türkçe Meal Çalışmaları Üzerinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: TUNCER Eyyüp
Published: April 2023

Yakın döneme kadar tefsir çalışmalarında hâkim dil Arapça iken dini, sosyal, düşünsel birçok faktörün devreye girmesiyle Müslüman toplumlar ana dillerinde meal/tefsir çalışmalarını yapmaya yönelmişlerdir. Bunun zorunlu bir sonucu olarak tefsir araştırmacılarının ana gündemini belirleyen konulardan biri de Kur’an’ın hangi çeviri teknikleriyle/stratejileriyle hedef dile aktarılması gerektiği meselesi olmuştur. Kur’an gibi belagatin zirvesinde bulunan bir metnin tam ve eksiksiz bir şekilde hedef dile aktarılmasının mümkün olamayacağı aşikârdır. Ancak bir taraftan da meal çalışmalarına duyulan ihtiyaç, kaynak dilin hedefe dile en doğru bir şekilde aktarılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Kur’an’ın hedef dile aktarımında cümle yapısı ve sözün bağlamı başta olmak üzere her bir kelime ve edatın büyük bir işlev gördüğü muhakkaktır. Bu edatlardan biri de fâ harfidir. Fâ edatının birçok fonksiyonu bulunmakla birlikte bu çalışmada sadece tefsiriyye/açıklama manası üzerinde durulmuştur. Tefsir ve nahiv sahasında yazılan ana kaynaklardan fâ edatının işlevi doğru tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Türkçe meal çalışmalarında söz konusu edatın nasıl tercüme edildiği örnekler üzerinden gösterilerek doğru bir çevirinin nasıl olması gerektiğine dair önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Görüldüğü kadarıyla mevcut birçok meal çalışması fâ edatının ‘açıklama’ fonksiyonunu Türkçeye aktarımında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Fâ edatının tefsiriyye/açıklama yönü dikkate alınmamış; çoğu zaman “ve” gibi bağlaçlarla veya nokta, virgül gibi noktalama işaretleriyle ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hâlbuki fâ edatının kaynak dildeki kullanımı dikkate alındığında bunun hedef dile bu şekilde aktarılması isabetli görünmemektedir. Bunun yerine noktalı virgül (;) işareti önerilmiştir ve Türkçe dil kuralları açısından bunun daha doğru olacağı ifade edilmiştir.
Materi PPT Literasi di Dunia Kampus
Authors: Kabu Thomas E.
Published: April 2023

“LITERASI” : Bukan tentang siapa yang hebat, tetapi berkolaborasi untuk menghebatkan orang lain.
Jurnal hadis metode bi-lafdzi
Authors: Nuroh
Published: April 2023

Seorang manusia yang hidup di abad modern ini, dituntut untuk mengumpulkan, dan menumpuk harta sebanyak-banyaknya agar bisa hidup layak, serta tenang menghadapi masa depan diri, anak dan cucu. Pada saat itu orang-orang tidak peduli lagi dari mana harta dia dapatkan. dan masalah halal dan haram begitu sentral dalam pandangan kaum muslimin, hal ini karena ia merupakan batas antara yang hak dan yang batil, atau lebih jauh antara surga dan neraka. Halal dan haram akan selalu dihadapi oleh kaum muslimin detik-demi-detik dalam rentang kehidupannya. Sehingga menandakan bepata pentingnya kita mengetahui secara rinci batas antara apa yang halal dan apa yang haram. Mengetahui persoalan halal-haram ini kelihatan mudah sepintas, tetapi kemudian menjadi sangat sukar ketika berhadapan dengan kehidupan keseharian, yang kadang menjadi kabur, sulit membedakan mana yang halal dan mana yang haram, atau bahkan menjadi syubhat, karena tidak termasuk keduanya, atau karena percampuran keduanya. pembahasan jurnal ini saya akan menjelaskan tentang akan datang zaman yang tak mengenal halal dan haramnya ketika mencari nafkah dan sebagainya .
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN MAHASISWA FKM UNDANA UNTUK PENCEGAHAN COVID 19
Authors: Littik Serlie K.A.
Published: April 2023

Upaya peningkatan kesehatan mahasiswa FKM Undana untuk pencegahan Covid-19
Unveiling the Enigma: Exploring the Scope and Interpretation of the Indus Texts
Authors: Muhammad Mahaveer H
Published: April 2023

A new insight based on the Alphabet of Sindhu Prakrit
Profil Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) Cendikiawan Soe
Authors: Kabu Thomas E.
Published: April 2023

Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) Cendikiawan Soe merupakan salah satu taman bacaanyang didirikan di Desa Mnelalete, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Provinsi Nusa TenggaraTimur. Kondisi masyarakat yang apatis terhadap pendidikan, kurangnya SDM yang memadai,serta minimnya budaya literasi masyarakat yang konsumtif menjadikan dasar dibentuknyaTBM Cendikiawan Soe.
AUGMENTATIVE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA USING TRICHOGRAMMA SPECIES: A REVIEW
Authors: OSAWE NOSA EMMANUEL
Published: April 2023

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes harm to over 360 plants by eating both the vegetative and reproductive components. While synthetic insecticides have been widely used to manage this pest, they pose a significant ecological risk to beneficial insects. The Trichogramma genus, comprising over 240 parasitoid species, presents a promising alternative to insecticides. They utilize the chemical signals emitted by host eggs to locate and lay their eggs inside, ultimately leading to the host’s death. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the potential of Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents of S. frugiperda, highlighting both their potential and challenges in augmentative biocontrol alongside chemical control. penetrative ability, cost of mass-rearing, frequency, and release-timing of the parasitoid, influence its application and effectiveness in managing S. frugiperda in agroecosystems. The typical problem of Trichogramma’s low penetrative ability of scaled S. frugiperda egg mass can be resolved by integrating other parasitoids that can easily penetrate the egg barriers. Also, certain pesticides registered for controlling S. frugiperda require re-evaluation to learn about their effects on Trichogramma species, inform conservation strategies, and promote sustainable pest management.
Lupa dalam Perspektif Hadis
Authors: al-faridjahal Gunawan
Published: April 2023

Lupa atau forgetfulness dalam perspektif hadis adalah suatu kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami kehilangan atau kurangnya kemampuan untuk mengingat sesuatu yang sebelumnya telah dikenal atau dipelajari. Dalam konteks hadis, lupa dapat menjadi masalah serius karena hadis merupakan salah satu sumber utama dalam agama Islam yang digunakan untuk memahami dan mengambil hukum atau ajaran-ajaran agama.Ketika seseorang lupa terkait hadis, maka ia dapat mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami ajaran-ajaran agama, mengamalkannya dengan benar, atau bahkan menyampaikannya kepada orang lain. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi umat Islam untuk memahami cara mengatasi lupa dalam konteks hadis agar dapat mempertahankan keaslian dan keutuhan ajaran agama.Dalam hal ini, hadis memberikan banyak informasi dan petunjuk tentang cara mengatasi lupa. Beberapa hadis bahkan memberikan saran tentang cara meningkatkan daya ingat dan menghindari lupa. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman yang benar tentang hadis dan perspektifnya terhadap lupa akan sangat membantu bagi umat Islam dalam mempelajari, memahami, dan mempraktikkan ajaran agama secara tepat dan benar.
Locating tectonic tremors with uncertainty estimates: Time- and amplitude-difference optimization, wave propagation-based quality control, and Bayesian inversion
Authors: Akuhara Takeshi , Yamashita Yusuke , Sugioka Hiroko , Shinohara Masanao
Published: April 2023

The accurate location of tectonic tremors helps improve understanding of their underlying physical processes. However, current location methods often do not statistically evaluate uncertainties to a satisfactory degree and do not account for potential biases due to subsurface structures not included in the model. To address these issues, we propose a novel three-step process for locating tectonic tremors. First, the measured time- and amplitude differences between station pairs are optimized to obtain station-specific relative time and amplitude measurements with uncertainty estimates. Second, the time– and amplitude–distance relationships in the optimized data are used to roughly estimate the propagation speed (i.e., shear wave velocity) and attenuation strength. Linear regression is applied to each event, and the resulting velocity and attenuation strength are used for quality control. Finally, the tremor location problem is formulated within a Bayesian framework where the model parameters include the source locations, local site delay/amplification factors, shear wave velocity, and attenuation strength. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to sample the posterior probability and is augmented by a parallel tempering scheme for an efficient global search. We tested the proposed method on ocean-bottom data indicating an intense episode of tectonic tremors in Kumano-nada within the Nankai Trough subduction zone. The results show that the range of the 95% confidence interval is typically <7 km horizontally and <10 km vertically. A series of experiments with different inversion settings reveals that adopting amplitude data and site correction factors help reduce random error and systematic bias, respectively. Probabilistic sampling allows us to spatially map the probability of a tremor occurring at a given location. The probability map is used to identify lineaments of tremor sources, which provides insights into structural factors that favor tremor activity.
The role of schema in the diagnosis of children's concept learning: a case study from a science class
Authors: wang zhong
Published: April 2023

Piaget uses schema to explain his theory of children's cognitive structure, and can explain how "assimilation" and "accommodation" change cognitive structure (i.e. learning behavior). So, schema theory maybe externalizes children's learning behavior and processes. Therefore, with the help of schema theory, we reconstructed the entire process of a group of students learning "simple pendulum" knowledge and roughly identify their mistakes: they came to incorrect conclusions due to experimental design issues. Over the result, we believe that schema theory has great value in diagnosing children's classroom learning errors.
Development and Validation of the AI Attitude Scale (AIAS-4): A Brief Measure of Attitude Toward Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Grassini Simone
Published: April 2023

Validation of the AIAS-4 questionnaire on attitude towards AI technology
NHS Underfunding and the Lopsided Socialized Model
Authors: Arandjelović Ognjen
Published: April 2023

Background: The funding of health care is a major challenge to governments all across the world; the UK presents a useful and illustrative case.Methodology: In this article I explain why the manner in which the provision of health care in the UK is organized is fundamentally incoherent and continuing to ignore this incoherence is bound to lead to ever-greater problems.Discussion: Our society must decide on its priorities; herein I do not wish to argue what these ought to be, but, rather more modestly, to emphasise the system's inconsistencies.Perspectives: A re-organization of the system is needed to ensure a modicum of consistency.
Biodiversitas Ikan di Danau Gatal Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Authors: Rizqi Edsa Nur , Efawani Efawani , Efizon Deni
Published: April 2023

Danau Gatal merupakan danau alami yang menerima air dari Sungai Rokan saat musim hujan. Danau ini dihuni oleh banyak spesies ikan. Namun, informasi mengenai jenis ikan yang ada di kawasan tersebut masih terbatas. Untuk mengetahui spesies ikan yang ada di Danau Gatal, penelitian dilakukan pada November 2021 s/d Februari 2022. Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan seminggu sekali/bulan hingga tidak ditemukan spesies baru. Ikan ditangkap menggunakan alat pemancing, jaring, dan bubu, sampel ikan kemudian diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang tertangkap terdiri dari 3 ordo, 13 famili, 14 marga, dan 15 spesies. Keanekaragaman jenis ikan (H’) di Danau Gatal sebesar 3,47, indeks dominansi (C) sebesar 0,19 dan keseragaman (E) sebesar 0,52. Nilai kualitas air danau adalah sebagai berikut: suhu 28oC-32oC, kecerahan 39-45 cm, kedalaman 109-111 cm, pH 6, oksigen terlarut 3,9-4,3 mg/L, dan CO2 5,89-7,99 mg/L. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman ikan di Danau Gatal tergolong rendah. Beberapa ikan belum pernah ditemukan di danau itu sebelumnya, yaitu sepimping, kipper, selais, dan kapar
Analisis Faktor Produksi Hasil Tangkapan Alat Tangkap Mini Purse Seine di PPN Sungailiat Provinsi Bangka Belitung
Authors: Azhari Mhd Zaky , Zain Jonny , Bustari Bustari
Published: April 2023

Pelabuhan Perikanan Sungailiat merupakan prasarana perikanan tangkap yang mewadahi kegiatan penangkapan ikan baik di bidang penangkapan, pengelolaan, dan pemasaran hasil perikanan di wilayahnya. Salah satu jenis alat tangkap yang beroperasi di Pelabuhan Perikanan Sungailiat adalah mini purse seine dengan satu perahu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi hasil tangkapan pukat cincin dan bagaimana hubungan antara faktor-faktor produksi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan pihak terkait dengan menggunakan analisis multikolinearitas dan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor produksi yang berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil tangkapan adalah daya mesin kapal (X2), jumlah lampu (X3), lebar jaring (X5), jumlah bahan bakar (X6), dan jumlah awak kapal (X7). negatif adalah ukuran kapal (X1), panjang jaring (X4), dan panjang laut (X7) dengan koefisien determinasi 53,8%. Hubungan faktor produksi dengan hasil tangkapan alat tangkap mini purse seine di Pelabuhan Perikanan Sungailiat dapat disajikan dalam model regresi berganda sebagai berikut: Y=-2559.815 – 41.279X1 + 12.410X2 + 89.828X3 – 1.779X4 + 59.601X5 + 2,341 X6 + 123.578 X7 – 330.692X8
Perbandingan Hematologi Pangasianodon hypophthalmus yang dipelihara di Keramba Jaring Apung Sungai Siak dan Kolam Terpal dengan Manipulasi Fotoperiode
Authors: Simanjuntak Joyce , Windarti Windarti , Efawani Efawani
Published: April 2023

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus merupakan ikan nokturnal dan pemelihara ikan dalam manipulasi fotoperiode dapat mempengaruhi fisiologi ikan secara umum, termasuk kondisi hematologinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi hematologi ikan yang dipelihara dengan fotoperiode terkontrol dan ikan dari keramba jaring apung di Sungai Siak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus – Desember 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah RAK dengan menerapkan manipulasi fotoperiode, dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu 24D (24 jam gelap), 18G6T (18 jam gelap dan 6 jam terang), dan 12G12T (12 jam gelap dan 12 jam terang), 3 ulangan. Ikan dipelihara di kolam terpal (70 x 50 x 60 cm) yang diisi air sebanyak 150 L dan dilengkapi dengan pompa sirkulasi dan aerator, serta padat tebar 30 ekor ikan/wadah (7,5 inci dan sekitar 4 g BB). Ikan diberi pakan pelet ikan komersial sebanyak 3 kali/hari sebanyak 4% dari bobot ikan/hari. Ikan dari keramba jaring di Sungai Siak dipelihara dengan penyinaran alami. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah sel eritrosit dan leukosit, kadar hematokrit dan leukosit serta diferensiasi leukosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi darah ikan pada semua perlakuan serta ikan dari Sungai Siak adalah sama. Kondisi darah mereka menunjukkan bahwa mereka sehat. Jumlah eritrosit dan leukosit berkisar antara 1.646.632 - 2.753.333 dan 54,732 - 55,654 sel/mm3. Kadar hematokrit dan leukokrit berturut-turut adalah 23-36,2% dan 1,1-2,3%. Persentase sel leukosit masing-masing adalah 71,33% - 82,33% limfosit, 4,67-18,67% trombosit, 4,67 - 17,33% monosit dan 0 - 1,00% neutrofil. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manipulasi fotoperiode tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap kondisi darah Pangasianodon sp. secara umum
Artificial intelligence and radiology – Where are we headed?
Authors: Rajak Ashik , Thapa Narayan Bikram
Published: April 2023

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Drug resistant paediatric tuberculosis: An emerging but neglected global threat
Authors: Shah Basant Kumar
Published: April 2023

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Sonographic assessment of thickness of normal diaphragm by B mode ultrasound
Authors: Devkota Karun , Gupta Mukesh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Background: The thickness of diaphragm and diaphragmatic thickness fraction can be assessed by ultrasonography which can be used in early detection of the neuromuscular conditions and follow-up. Objectives: To measure the thickness of diaphragm during inspiration and expiration; and diaphragmatic thickness fraction by B mode ultrasound in healthy patients. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 260 patients. Data were collected from 2020 July 10 to 2021 July 9 in Department of Radiology, BPKIHS after ethical clearance. Patients who were referred for sonographic evaluation and without neurological complains were included. Purposive sampling was done. Inferential statistical analysis was done applying SPSS v.11.5. Results: Mean diaphragmatic thickness on deep inspiration was found to be 2.80 ± 0.57 mm (95% CI 2.73-2.87 mm) and 2.71 ± 0.53 mm (95% CI 2.64-2.77 mm) on right and left side respectively. Mean diaphragmatic thickness on end expiration was found to be 2.01 ± 0.41 mm (95% CI 1.96-2.06 mm) and 1.97 ± 0.40 mm (95% CI 1.92-2.01 mm) respectively on right and left side. Mean diaphragmatic thickness fraction was observed 40 ± 7.79% (22-67%) and 38 ± 7.98% (22- 60%) on right and left side respectively. The mean difference between right and left side on inspiration was found to be statistically significant. A weak positive correlation of diaphragmatic thickness with BMI on both sides and on both during inspiration and expiration was seen. There was no statistically significant correlation of diaphragmatic thickness fraction with age and BMI. Conclusion: Sonographic diaphragm thickness measurement and diaphragm thickness fraction can provide both anatomical and physiological evaluation quickly.
Factors Associated with Intrauterine Fetal Death at Paropakar Maternity Women’s Hospital
Authors: Thakur S.K. , Dangal G.
Published: April 2023

Background Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a demise occurring at 20 or more weeks of gestation and weight 500 gram or more. Intrauterine fetal death at any point during gestation is a traumatic event not only to the patient but also to the care giver. The purpose of this study is to know the risk factors associated with intrauterine fetal death.

Objective To determine the factors associated with intrauterine fetal death.

Method Prospective observational study was conducted at Paropkar maternity women’s hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu. All the cases with intrauterine fetal death were admitted and delivered in the hospital with period of gestation 20 weeks to term pregnancy. All the relevant data were recorded in pre-designed proforma. The collected data were entered in SPSS 25 version for analysis.

Result There was a total 5153 deliveries in three months, with prevalence of 1.2% and intrauterine rate of 12.03 per 1000 births. Out of 50 enrolled cases, 78% (n=50) of patient had not attended antenatal checkup. Majority (n=50; 74%), belonged to age group 21-35 years, 48% of intrauterine fetal death were term pregnancies of 37 to 42 weeks of gestation. Maximum 20% of IUFD, weighed between (1-1.5 kg) (1.5-2 kg) and (2.5-3 kg). Thirty-nine babies were macerated and eleven non-macerated. Pregnancy induced hypertension was most common (26%), followed by ante-partum hemorrhage (8%), hypothyroidism and anemia (6%), meconium stained liquor and cord prolapse (6%), gestational diabetes mellitus, congenital anomalies, chronic hypertension (4%), intrauterine growth restriction and urinary tract infection (2%). Twelve cases underwent cesarean section. Postpartum complications were found in 10 cases; 4 cases had postpartum hemorrhage, 4 had prolonged hospital stay and 2 cases developed hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome.

Conclusion This study concluded that maximum no. of intrauterine fetal death were seen antenatally, as 78% of cases were found macerated. The commonest identified risk factor was pregnancy induced hypertension, followed by ante-partum hemorrhage, anemia, hypothyroidism, which seem to be preventable risk factors of intrauterine fetal death, but still unidentified risk factors are of great challenges for the obstetricians.
Changes in Clinical Practice amongst Nepalese Otolaryngologists during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tripathi P. , Gurung U. , Baidya S. , Thapa N.
Published: April 2023

Background COVID-19 pandemic changed clinical practices more so for otolaryngologists due to inevitable risk of exposure.

Objective To assess the changes in the clinical practice among Nepalese otolaryngologists during this pandemic.

Method It was an observational study conducted as an online survey in the first two weeks of December 2020. A questionnaire pertaining to changes in clinical practice was mailed to 190 registered otolaryngologists working in various provinces of Nepal. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed in percentages.

Result Out of the 77 (40.5%) who responded, nearly 50% resumed clinical practice after a month of national lockdown restarting everyday consultation by 64.9% mostly in hospital setting (81.8%) after screening patients via fever clinic by 87%. Modifications in clinical examinations was mostly done for neck (85.7%), oral cavity (44.2%) and nose (29.8%) examination with least with for ear examination (3.9%) Regular endoscopic evaluation was avoided by 19.4%. Only around 57% used adequate personal protective equipment. There was 93.5% reduction in elective operations. Mandatory COVID test was done by 89.6% mostly with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (95.9%) prior to semi-urgent case.

Conclusion Changes in clinical practice were adapted to mitigate viral transmission. The changes were evident in the outpatient department where most patients were screened for fever and modifications made in the clinical examinations. Personal protective equipments were worn when available. Operative lists were limited to semi-urgent and urgent cases with covid testing customarily done for semi-urgent cases.
Study on Status of Serum Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in COVID-19 Positive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shreewastav R. K. , Singh G. K. , Jha K. K. , Yadav R. K. , Gharti S. B.
Published: April 2023

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents clinically a variety of pathological and clinical organ dysfunctions, ranging in severity from asymptomatic to fatal. The care and monitoring of COVID-19 patients may benefit from the use of biochemical and hematological markers.

Objective To observe the alteration of serum biochemical and hematological parameters in COVID-19 positive patients, attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all COVID-19 positive patients attending Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from 15th December 2021 to 15th February 2022. The test results of different serum biochemical and hematological parameters done for these patients were recorded in clinical laboratory services and obtained retrospectively for the analysis. The data were entered in MS excel and analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Result Out of 1537 COVID-11699 declared positive patients, 712 (46.32%) were male and 825 (53.68%) female. Mean age of COVID positive patients was 40.03±20.08 years. The level of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and GGT was significantly elevated in 39.9%, 42.8%, 32.3% and 47.2% of COVID positive patients respectively. Blood Urea, creatinine, uric acid and sugar level were significantly elevated in 63%, 56.1%, 33.1% and 47.6% patients respectively. The serum level of LDH, D-dimer, CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly increased in 52.1%, 75.9%, 71.6% and 61.2% of patients respectively. The serum value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were significantly lowered in 52.2%, 43.8%, 70.1% and 60.3% of patients respectively. RBC concentration and level of hemoglobin was reduced in 56.6% and 53.6% of COVID positive patients respectively whereas total leukocyte count was elevated in 80.7% with increase in neutrophil in 87.9% and decrease in lymphocyte in 79.4%.

Conclusion A portion of COVID-19 positive patients showed drastically altered test results for various serum biochemical and hematological markers, although many of them had normal findings.
Bacterial Flora and Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Outpatient Cases in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha D.
Published: April 2023

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis is a disease that afflicts a significant percentage of the population and causes considerable long-term morbidity. The initial treatment is clinical evaluation followed by starting empirical antibiotics. With the use of empirical antibiotics there is a possibility of aggravating the disease and leading to the persistence of chronic sinusitis. In order to start a protocol for rational use of antibiotics, we need to have the bacteriological profile in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis along with the sensitive group of antibiotics.

Objective To determine the bacterial flora in nasal swab of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and identify the sensitive antibiotics for the bacterial isolate.

Method A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in ENT Head and Neck Department of tertiary care hospital. The study population was the patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis whose nasal swabs were taken during nasal endoscopy and sent for culture and sensitivity. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The ethical approval for the study was taken from Ethical Committee of Kathmandu Medical College.

Result There were 60 (87%) bacterial isolate growths out of 69 samples of which 49 (82%) were gram positive and 11 (18%) were gram negative. The most common bacteria isolated was S aureus (42%) followed by Cogaulase neagative Staphylococcus (25%).

Conclusion Among gram positive isolates, amoxycillin was the most sensitive antibiotic and among gram negative isolates, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin were most sensitive antibiotics. In this study, we have determined the bacterial flora from endoscopic nasal swab of the sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis patients and identified the sensitive antibiotics. This study would help us prescribe rational antibiotics in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Correlation between Sonoelastographic, Doppler and Histopathological Findings in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Jha S. K. , Lohani B. , Pant A. D. , Chataut D. , Regmi D. , Bhatta U. , Gautam N. , Jha G.
Published: April 2023

Background Ultrasound (USG) with Doppler examination of intrarenal vessels is the imaging modality of choice employed in patients with renal failure and is commonly performed early in the clinical course. The pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) of downstream renal artery have been found to correlate with renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction and effective renal plasma flow in chronic renal failure. Pathological process in any tissues alters their elastic properties which can be assessed non-invasively through newer technique like elastography.

Objective To correlate the findings obtained by sonoelastographic, doppler and histopathological studies in chronic kidney disease patients.

Method Study was done in 146 patients referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, TUTH for native renal biopsy. Renal sonographic morphology (length, echogenicity, cortical thickness), Sonoelastography (Young’s modulus) and Doppler parameters (peak systolic velocity, resistive index) were assessed. The grading of estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated based on chronic kidney disease (CKD) criteria.

Result Among 146 patients, 63 (43.2%) were females and 83 (56.8%) were males. Maximum patients were in age group of 41-50 years (25.3%) followed by age group 51-60 years (24%). Mean age of patient was 42.06±14.70 for males and 39.57±12.54 females. Maximum mean Young’s modulus was seen in eGFR stage G1 with 46.57±19.51 kPa followed by in stage G3a with 36.46±10.01 kPa and observed to be statistically non-significant (p=0.172). However, statistical significance difference was noted between the resistive index and elastographic measurement of Young’s modulus (r=0.462, p=0.0001). Minimum mean cortical thickness was seen in eGFR stage G5 with 4.42±1.48 mm followed by stage G4 with 5.57±1.24 mm (p= 0.0001). Cortical thickness is decreasing as eGFR stage was increasing in our study (p=0.0001). Resistive index is increasing with decrease in renal size (r=-0.202, p=0.015).

Conclusion Ultrasonography along with doppler study and elastography have limited role in diagnosing the pathology of chronic kidney disease, however, it has significant role in the disease progression.