bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КОРПОРАТИВНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ В КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ ТУРИСТИЧНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ: ЕТИКА І КУЛЬТУРА ГОСТИННОСТІ
Authors: Bezkorovaina L.
Published: September 2021

У статті автором опрацьовано питання корпоративного управління в туризмі, бізнес-етики та корпоративної культури в індустрії гостинності та їх вплив на стратегію сталого розвитку та конкурентоспроможності готельного підприємства в ринкових умовах туристичного бізнес-середовища. Розкрито, що корпоративна політика залежить від стратегії глобального розвитку, згідно якої восьма ціль проголошує забезпечення сприяння сталості туризму, що позначається на створенні нових робочих місць, розвиткові місцевої культури і виробництві місцевої продукції; економічному зростанні; підвищенні ефективності економіки через новації та диверсифікацію послуг. Нині в Україні існує чималий запас ресурсів для розвитку туризму в багатьох сферах, а саме: гастро-, агро-, екотуризм; спортивний, культурний, освітній, діловий туризм; події та фестивалі, свята, MICE (зустрічі, заохочення, конференції, заходи) тощо. Визначення поняття корпоративного управління в готельному бізнесі, роз’яснення політики корпоративної етики та культури, а також технології надання готельних послуг важливим завданням систем управління готельною індустрією для забезпечення конкурентоспроможності та ефективності в туристичному бізнес-середовищі. Адекватна глобальній стратегії розвитку, восьма мета стосується туристичної галузі та проголошує до 2030 року: забезпечення реалізації стратегій підтримки сталого туризму, що підтримує створення робочих місць, розвиток місцевої культури, місцеве виробництво; сприяє економічному зростанню, повній та продуктивній зайнятості всіх громадян; підтримка зростання валового внутрішнього продукту в найменш розвинених країнах; підняття продуктивності економіки за рахунок диверсифікації, модернізації, інноваційної діяльності. Прийнятий Глобальний договір ООН має унікальні перспективи налагодити співпрацю між промисловістю та організаціями з метою вироблення шляхів вирішення глобальних проблем. Глобальний договір ООН закликає компанії привести свої стратегії та діяльність у відповідність з десятьма загальними принципами прав людини, трудових відносин, довкілля та битви з корупцією, а ще здійснити заходи для реалізації завдань досягнення сталого розвитку. Десять принципів Глобального договору ООН, засновані на ключових конвенціях та деклараціях ООН, були визнані та закріплені в численних міжурядових ухвалах та підсумкових документах, включаючи резолюції Генеральної Асамблеї. Підприємства гостинності повинні дотримуватися цих принципів у своїй діяльності та у формулюванні стратегій подальшого розвитку та ефективної практики.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО АНАЛІЗУ СТВОРЕННЯ СТАРТАПІВ СТУДЕНТАМИ
Authors: Vavdiiuk N.  , Podolian D.
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто методичні підходи до аналізу стартапів, створених студентами: UBI Global World Rankings of Business Incubators & Accelerators (Швеція), методичний підхід сформований на основі моделі «потрійної спіралі» Г. Іцковіца і Л. Лейдесдорффа (Росія), The Female Founders Monitor (FFM) (Німеччина), European University Association EUA Study (Бельгія), The State of European Tech (Великобританія), Startup Ranking (Перу), European Startup Monitor (Німеччина), QS World University Rankings (Великобританія), German Startup Monitor (Німеччина), Global Innovation Index (Швейцарія), Startup Friendliness Index (США). Описано переваги та недоліки використання кожного підходу. У розрізі вищеописаних методичних підходів виокремлено показники, що досліджують стартапи, створені студентами. Здійснено їхній розподіл відповідно до життєвого циклу стартапу та підходів до управління. Їхнє дослідження дозволило сформувати авторський методичний підхід до аналізу створення стартапів студентами. Вона охоплює напрями, вибір яких спирається на наступні визначальні ознаки: аналіз розвитку підприємницьких університетів; аналіз практики розвитку бізнес-інкубаторів при університетах зарубіжних країн; аналіз сфери реалізації та способів фінансування стартапів, створених студентами; аналіз засновників стартапів. Відповідно до 4-х визначальних ознак, здійснено вибір показників для проведення аналізу створення стартапів студентами.
ПІДХОДИ ТА МЕТОДИ РОЗРОБКИ, ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІНСЬКИХ РІШЕНЬ
Authors: Anna Zaporozhets
Published: September 2021

Будь-яка цілеспрямована діяльність людини завжди пов’язана з прийняттям рішень, а процес цей є структурним елементом, найважливішим атрибутом діяльності. У всіх сферах суспільства, на всіх рівнях управління управлінське рішення являє собою основний вид діяльності керівника. Процес вироблення, прийняття, організації виконання та реалізації такого рішення відображає зміст і сутність управління і розглядається в науці як спеціалізована діяльність, покликана впорядкувати відносини між людьми і суб’єктами соціально-економічних відносин. Це механізм наділення суб'єктів управління повноваженнями направляти процес спільної діяльності людей на рішення загальних соціально-економічних проблем.

В статті проаналізовані загальні підходи та методи розробки, прийняття та реалізації управлінських рішень.  Розробка та прийняття управлінських рішень це певна послідовність дій (операцій), завдяки яким забезпечується прийняття рішень. Розробка та прийняття рішень – це цілий ряд різноманітних, але досить типових процедур, що представляють собою окремі етапи в процесі управлінської діяльності, що дозволяє побудувати загальну схему процесу прийняття управлінських рішень.

Проведене дослідження  підходів та методів розробки та реалізації управлінських рішень дозволило визначити, що розробка та прийняття управлінських рішень це певна послідовність дій (операцій), завдяки яким забезпечується прийняття рішень. Розробка та прийняття рішень – це цілий ряд різноманітних, але досить типових процедур, що представляють собою окремі етапи в процесі управлінської діяльності, що дозволяє побудувати загальну схему процесу прийняття управлінських рішень. До вироблення управлінських рішень існує два основних підходи: централізований і децентралізований. При розробці та прийнятті управлінських рішень слід би застосовувати традиційні, економіко-математичні, систематизовані та системно-цільові методи.
The Effect of List-Group-Label Strategy on Students’ Reading Interpretative Comprehension
Authors: Harefa Afore Tahir
Published: September 2021

Reading at the level of interpretive understanding is a student activity to respond, get information and meaning by making inferences and reading between the lines of the reading text. This study reveals the problems, namely: students are not able to identify content words such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs from the text, students lack vocabulary, students are not able to answer comprehension questions from the text by applying the List-Group-Label Strategy in the teaching and learning process. reading narrative text. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was a significant effect of List-Group-Label Strategy on Students' Reading Comprehension in Narrative Text. This research is a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study were junior high school students and the sample was class VIII students which consisted of two classes as the experimental class and the control class. Each class consists of 30 students. Researchers selected samples using saturated sampling technique. The instrument used in data collection is a written test. Next, the researcher gave a pretest and posttest to the experimental group and the control group to determine the normality of the data and the homogeneity of the sample. After conducting the research, the researcher analyzed the data and produced hypothesis testing, the t-count was 5.067 and the t-table was 2.002. While t-count (5.067) > t-table (2.002), it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant effect of the List-Group-Label Strategy on students' reading comprehension in narrative texts
Analisis Hasil Belajar Menggunakan Penilaian Portofolio SMP Negri 2 Botomuzoi
Authors: Zega Novelina Andriani
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa nilai hasil belajar biologi dengan menggunakan penilaian portofolio pada materi sistem pernapasan pada manusia Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimental (non designs) dengan bentuk one shot case study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Botomuzoi yang terdiri dari 30 orang siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sampling jenuh, yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel apabila semua populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimen. Alat pengumpul data dalam penelitian menggunakan tes.Tes yang diujikan yakni tes uraian sebanyak 5 soal tes hasil belajar. Setelah tes diadministrasikan kepada responden, hasil perolehan responden diolah secara statistika dengan hasil sebagai berikut: Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan penilaian portofolio di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Botomuzoi adalah 79,67 (tergolong baik). Ketuntasan siswa dengan menerapakan penilaian portofolio di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Botomuzoi adalah 93,3% (tingkat pencapaian baik sekali/optimal).
Auto Fluorescence Allows Us to Detect Early Signs of Oral Cancer and Much More
Authors: L. Weisel Randall
Published: September 2021

This paper introduces a novel approach, using autofluorescence, to objectively examine the oral cavity for inflammation and infection. Many systemic diseases are perpetuated by microorganisms that colonize in the oral environment. They enter the cardiovascular system by enzymatic processes that open the oral mucosa to allow their entry. A majority of the microbes are anaerobes and/or facultative anaerobes. When they enter the host, they metabolize blood. Their waste by products contains iron elements within a compound called porphyrin. Porphyrin will fluoresce when exposed to certain wavelengths of light. Healthcare providers can utilize this natural occurring process to objectively see these harmful pathogens. This may indicate that the host has a Sleep Related Breathing Disorder (SRBD). Sleep apnea is a primary disorder of SRBD’s. This technology offers medical and dental fields a screening tool for a pandemic healthcare problem.
The Ceramic Hype in Oral Implants
Authors: Moreira Brás Vítor
Published: September 2021

The patient of today is oftentimes more concerned about aesthetics and being holistic rather than with masticatory function. Once the dental industry figures some new trend in the market opinion leaders will be called to start innovating treatments. Hence, to be whole with the Universe and to replace a missing tooth, the 21st century patient will want a ceramic implant. What do we know about it, and more importantly, is it worth our sleep to provide this kind of implant to our patient? Many implantologists didn’t yet place any Zirconium Implant since many think this new approach lacks scientific studies being clinical reports, meta-analysis or longitudinal studies. Most of the papers available are focused on single-tooth replacements, however it’s easy to find here and there clinical cases of multiple restorations of a more innovative colleague.
A Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering Framework for E-government Information Systems
Authors: Nyansiro Joseph , Mtebe Joel , Kissaka Mussa
Published: September 2021

E-government information systems projects in developing countries face several challenges that lead to their partial or total failure. Several causes of e-government information systems project failure have been identified, including inadequate requirement engineering. The overall failure rate of e-government information systems projects due to requirements engineering inadequacies is still high. Inadequate requirement engineering leads to systems with missing features, low quality, project costs, and time overrun. This research aims to design a framework to guide practitioners in e-government information systems requirements engineering processes. The design science research approach and qualitative data collection and analysis methods were applied through three iterative cycles of rigor, design, and relevancy.  The proposed framework is based on goals and viewpoints requirements engineering. It consists of three models: the e-government viewpoints model, the e-government goals model, and the e-government requirements engineering process model. The framework was validated through two rounds of Delphi focus group discussion techniques and a single technical action research case study. The results showed a strong consensus among practitioners about the proposed framework's ease of use and utility with a mean agreement of 4.429/5. The technical action research involved five practitioners who applied the proposed framework to discover the requirements of the road emergency response module of road safety information systems of Tanzania. A total of 104 requirements were discovered compared to nine requirements elicited before without using the proposed framework. The overall objective of the proposed framework is to facilitate the discovery and specification of adequate and relevant requirements for e-government information systems projects and ultimately reduce the rate of e-government projects failure and contribute to the realisation of e-government benefits.
Characterization and pathogenicity of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematode: Steinernema species KALRO
Authors: Ngugi Ceciliah , Wachira Peter , Mbaka Jesca , Okoth Sheila , Mangua Peter
Published: September 2021

The soil inhibiting entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), in the family Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, are useful insect biological control agents. They have been used in the management of economically important crop pests. The EPNs are mutually associated with symbiotic bacteria genus Xenorhabdus and Photoharbdus respectively. The study aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the pathogenicity of symbiotic bacteria associated with EPN Steinernema sp. Kalro (Accession MW151701). The EPN Steinernema sp. Karlo was multiplied using the insect baiting technique. Its bacteria symbiont was isolated and characterized based on microscopic, biochemical, and physiological features like Gram staining, urease, motility test, and glucose fermentation test).  Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis were performed on 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence. Pathogenicity of the bacteria isolate was evaluated against Tuta absoluta larvae with mortality data recorded after 24 and 48hours of exposure to the bacterial cell suspension. The bacteria were found to be motile and glucose fermentation positive. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA region resulted in 1500bp sequence with maximum similarity of between 97 and 98.93%, with Xenorhabdus spp Accessions from Genbank. It closely matched to Xenorhabdus sp. My8NJ with 98.93% similarity (Accession AB507811.1). Mean percent larval mortality of 68±4.9 and 88±8.0 in the lowest cell suspension was observed in 24 and 48h of exposure. It’s concluded that, the symbiotic bacteria associated with Steinernema sp. Kalro is Xenorhabdus sp. strain Kalro Genbank Accession MW245845. The bacteria is a potential biological control agent against Tuta absoluta larvae. Further classification of the bacteria to species level and pathogenicity trials in the screen house and field are recommended.
Toward improving household livelihoods using rain water harvesting technologies in Matungulu sub-county, Machakos, Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Peter , Muthama John , Mutune Jane
Published: September 2021

Better utilization of rainfall through rainwater harvesting can greatly increase agricultural productivity, improve food security and alleviate poverty. Water is the main limiting resource for crop production in arid sub-Saharan Africa. The biggest challenge currently is growing water shortage and dwindling rivers. This has impacted the livelihoods of rural population in arid and semi-arid counties. The introduction of novel rain-water harvesting (RWH) is, however, seeking to mitigate the effects of perennial droughts in arid areas. Successful adoption of such technologies has the potential to alleviate water problems faced by rural households. In Kenya, very little research has been conducted about adoption of water harvesting technologies and their role in curbing water shortages. Therefore, there was a need to interrogate the extent to which adoption of water harvesting technologies has impacted households in Matungulu Sub-County. Focus group discussions, interview with key informants, and structured questionnaires were used to collect data for the study which were then analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The findings indicated that overall, a composite mean of 4.04 and a standard deviation of 0.699 of the respondents agreed that incentives from the county government significantly promoted water harvesting technologies. This was confirmed by a positively strong and significant correlation between the integration of RHT in the county development agenda and the impact on household livelihoods. A further regression analysis indicated that Integration of RHT had a positive and significant influence on household livelihoods (β= 0.755, t=22.351, p=0.000<0.05). Results of this survey indicate that rainwater technologies are financed mostly by household heads and county government initiatives have not been adequately felt. There is a strong indication from the study that water harvesting technologies had a statistically significant influence on the impact on household livelihoods. To ensure sustainability of rainwater harvesting technologies, the study recommends that Machakos
Antibiotic profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative Staphylococci species isolated from raw camel milk from Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Kirwa Elly , Gabriel Oluga Aboge  , Timothy Elias  Maitho  , Christine Minoo Mbindyo  , Tequiero Okumu  Abuom  , Alfred Omwando Mainga
Published: September 2021

The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria in clinically challenging situations is a global concern. Staphylococcus resistance poses a threat to available therapeutic agents in management of camel diseases. S. aureus is often isolated from mastitic camel milk. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can be pathogenic in humans and animals. This cross-sectional study investigated the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Staphylococci species in raw camel milk from Garissa County, Kenya. A total of 231 raw camel milk samples from healthy camels were collected. Disk diffusion was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Bacteria were revived in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW). Staphylococcus isolates were cultured on Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA). Coagulase and catalase tests were used to biochemically characterize the isolates. Antibiotic disks were placed on Mueller Hinton Agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and diameters of zones inhibition measured. The readings were recorded as either susceptible, intermediate, or resistant based on the interpretative breakpoints by the veterinary Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial agents tested included; Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Cephalexin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. Out of the 231 raw camel milk samples cultured, 52.8% (122/231) Staphylococci isolates were recovered. Among the Staphylococci isolates 83.6% (102) were S. aureus and 16.4% (20) were CoNS. Overall, 83 (68%) isolates were catalase positive and 122 (91.7%) showed β-haemolysis on BA culture. Highest resistance was observed against Cephalexin (81.9%) and Streptomycin (72.1%) while the lowest resistance was seen against Chloramphenicol (1.6%) and Tetracycline (3.3%). MRSA and MRCoNS were reported at 9.8% and 15% of the isolates respectively. MDR was recorded in 43.4% of the isolates resistant to at least 3 or more antimicrobial groups while 39.3% isolates were resistant to 1 or 2 antimicrobial tested.   In conclusion, the study showed that CoNS and S
Hardware-based security approach for secure distributed cloud data storage and retrieval
Authors: Mugisha Emmy
Published: September 2021

The East African Community (EAC) recognizes the fundamental role of science and technology in economic development. This led the Partner States to promote cooperation in the development and application of science and technology within the Community. The adoption of cloud computing in East Africa Community member states may induce a number of paths for Internet-based service provisioning to satisfy various demands in the community. However, data privacy and security has turned into crucial issues that resist cloud adoption for the past decades in the area of computerized systems. The dominating issue regarding security and privacy is pointed out on the data accessibility whereby cloud service providers and consumers simply gain access to secret information (data). The issue resulted in the cloud service consumer’s fear and slowed down the adoption speed of cloud computing from diverse areas of applications, i.e., governmental, medical and financial institutions; therefore, in this article we address this issue and propose a robust Hardware-Based Security (HBS) approach, whereby the cloud service provider and consumers are limited to simply access any stored data in the cloud data centers. This approach halves data files into data segments and distributes encrypted file segments to different cloud data centers. Our approach is built on Secure Data Distribution (SDD) and Data Retrieval (DR) Algorithms described in a Secure Efficient Data Distribution Model (SEDD). The analysis shows robust data security and less computation power which can resist unauthorized data accessibility with less latency. Therefore, once the East African Community member states adopt a secure cloud services, the development and application of science and technology within the community will boost the sustainable economic development.
Flood-risk vulnerabilities of sanitation facilities in urban informal settlements: Lessons from Kisumu City, Kenya
Authors: Othoo Calvince , Dulo Simeon , Olago Daniel
Published: September 2021

Flood disasters have increased in frequency and severity over the recent decades causing untold destruction to vulnerable physical infrastructure such as sanitation facilities. Factors including construction quality, design, siting, and users’ behaviour further exacerbate the vulnerability of facilities. Despite this reality, very little has been done to document the extent of flood risk facing such facilities in the pro-poor urban informal settlements in developing countries. This study assessed the flood risks of vulnerable sanitation facilities in the urban informal settlements of Kisumu city, Kenya. The methodology involved assessment of sanitation facilities’ flood vulnerabilities and assessment of flood risk models. Flood risk was assessed by estimating runoff from yearly rainfall totals and also by calculating storm return period and probability of exceedance. Vulnerability assessment for each sanitation facility was done by scoring against flood risk indicators ordered by weighted rank. The study observed that majority sanitation facilities in the urban informal settlements were considered “highly vulnerable” (57%). Flood risk analysis predicted growing vulnerability due to shorter storm return periods, especially under the RCP 8.5 scenario. It was established that over 20% of all rainfall events in the 50-year timeline had a higher than 80% probability of exceedance rainfall, signifying higher storm risks. Additionally, the study showed that between 44% of rainfall received in the study area could translate to runoff, in the near future, further compounding flood risk predictions. With key informal settlements such as Nyalenda and Manyatta facing stronger future flood risks, general public health may be threatened, leading to increased social and economic instability on families and households. The study recommends adherence to improved toilet standards of construction and toilet-raising as methods of improving flood risk resilience and adaptation.
Factors influencing Euryarchaeal gut methanogens distribution in dairy cattle in smallholding farms
Authors: Ngetich Denis , Bett Rawlynce , Gachuiri Charles , Kibegwa Felix
Published: September 2021

Guts of ruminants contain symbiotic domains (Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukarya) that aid in the breakdown of consumed carbohydrates from plants to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the ruminant’s bloodstream. Methanogenesis occurs during the gut fermentation and methane gas is released in the final step of biomass degradation from the fermentation chambers. The Archaea that play a major role critical for methane emissions are methanogens and are found freely in the ruminants’ gut. Methane production from ruminants has attracted global attention due to their input on the Green House Gases effect, contribution to global warming and negative effects on farmers’ productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the factors contributing to the methanogens’ gut distribution in dairy cows from smallholder farms using next generation sequencing techniques. A total of 48 samples from smallholding dairy farms were used during this study and were collected from Kenya (Kiambu county) and Tanzania (Lushoto and Rungwe). The collected data samples from the experimental animals were from both the rumen fluid (6) and fecal (42). Samples were analyzed using metagenomic approaches and statistical analysis was undertaken using IBM SPSS statistics software version 28.0.0.0. Results showed that the gut site along the gastrointestinal tract and the feeding regime significantly contributed to the distribution and presence of various methanogenic species (P<0.1). The herd and the genotype had no statistical effect. A total of 12 families were identified. The family Methanobacteriaceae was identified with the leading number (8) of the methanogenic species. A third of the identified families showed presence for at least two methanogenic species with Methanobrevibacter ruminantium being abundant. For proper curbing mechanisms, efforts to reduce methane release should be channeled to the whole gastrointestinal tract and advanced studies carried out on any potential interspecies presence facilitation and/or elimination.
Pemanfaatan Media Video Animasi dan Permainan Tradisional dalam Bimbingan Belajar Siswa SD Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Aso Maria Silvia , Anur Helena Susanti , Nasar Adrianus
Published: September 2021

The purpose of tutoring for the students of SDK Kekandere 2 is to help students understand the material well in the midst of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic situation. The learning media used during tutoring are animated videos and traditional games as learning methods. The purpose of using animated videos is to make students more enthusiastic about participating in learning and also to increase students' understanding of the material they are learning. Traditional games are used so that students do not get bored easily or students can learn while playing. Besides that, it also helps students to find their own concepts because previously students only got material information from the teacher. And in between learning activities, reading exercises were carried out for students who were not yet fluent in reading. The results of the tutoring carried out can improve students' understanding, students are very enthusiastic about participating in the learning process and students are able to learn to find their own concepts even though they are not perfect. Meanwhile, to read only needs regular practice from students.
Improving the Accessibility of Federal Graduate Research Awards in Canada
Authors: Baskaran Sivani , Maddiboina Dhanyasri , Kum Jina , Reuben Rebekah , Kharas Kaitlin , Bukuroshi Esmeralda , Lim Isabella , Narayanan Bipin
Published: September 2021

Canadian federal graduate research awards provide graduate students with support that impacts both their experience during their degree and their future career progression. Obtaining federal funding during graduate education qualifies students for additional awards, provides financial security, and increases their research independence. However, the number and value of awards have remained unchanged for almost two decades and the evaluation and eligibility criteria are not designed to encourage applications from students from historically underrepresented groups (URGs). The three federal research funding agencies (the Tri-Agency) have recently released an Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Action Plan to better support early-career individuals from these groups, with a commitment to “identify and address barriers to equitable participation of members from underrepresented groups” (Initiative 1.2.2) and increase participation of URGs in the post-secondary research system (Objective 2). In this memo, we propose three changes to broaden the eligibility and evaluation of federal student awards, as well as increase and standardize the award values. Ultimately, these recommendations will reduce the barriers faced by URGs in applying for and obtaining these awards in a manner not currently addressed by the Tri-Agency’s EDI plan.
Defining the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting
Authors: Canady Rene , Jimenez Jorge , Thirukumaran Danesh
Published: September 2021

Race describes cultural, historical, and oppressive relationships in society. The use of race in biomedical and scientific studies has been a powerful tool that can reinforce and alter society’s current assumptions about race. Some of the historical uses of race include evidence for race-based medicine, biological inferiority, and genocide. These uses have all used race as a crude proxy for genetic makeup, rather than a biological expression of the social environment that infiltrates the health and well-being of every American. By defining race and its social and cultural impacts on identity and the human experience within research, the field of biomedicine will improve clarity and integrity in addressing historical, scientific, and clinical inequalities. Currently, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) does not contain a definition of race and uses homogeneous ethnical categories when reporting population statistics. We propose that the definition of race be added in the collection of race data as a requirement of the OMB for nationally conducted research.
Preventing Increased Air Pollution in Pennsylvania’s Environmental Justice Communities
Authors: Chaban Ryan , Dudt Daniel , Gordon Bethany , Ostrowski Evan
Published: September 2021

Air pollutants are known to cause serious health impacts, and historically marginalized groups are disproportionately exposed to these risks. Other hazardous pollutants often accompany carbon dioxide emissions during fossil fuel combustion, and therefore reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from climate policy can also improve air quality. However, although these policies may reduce pollution overall, existing programs have often increased local emissions levels – particularly in the most overburdened neighborhoods. The adverse health effects caused by a redistribution of emissions must be considered as Pennsylvania plans to join the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. We recommend the Department of Environmental Protection include an annual impact assessment of their cap-and-trade program on vulnerable communities using both the available carbon dioxide emissions data and additional local air quality measurements.
Addressing Racial Disparities in NIH Funding
Authors: Comfort Nicole
Published: September 2021

The United States (US) must strategically invest in diversifying its biomedical workforce to retain global leadership in biomedical research and to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in the US. The under-representation of minority groups in the biomedical sciences is influenced by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding process which relies heavily on peer review subject to bias. Despite recent initiatives to combat structural racism within the NIH, the NIH has done little to rectify racial disparities in funding allocation that have been known for over a decade. In this report, I evaluate current NIH proposals to reduce bias in peer review and present stronger policy options for reducing inequity in grant funding. I recommend that the NIH treat the race/ethnicity funding disparity as it did the early career investigator disparity and immediately relax paylines and simultaneously prioritize research topics that align with interests of under-represented investigators, while working to develop a modified lottery for grant funding as a long-term solution to the biases that can influence grant peer review. Policies to address disparities in grant funding will diversify the biomedical workforce and have a profound and long-term positive impact on providing equitable access to science careers, regardless of race.
Expanding Access to and Ensuring Equity in the Benefits of Remote Work Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Orr Ashley , Savage Tamara
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the number of people working from home, with over 50% of employees working remotely during 2020. With the current popularity of remote work and the high prevalence of high-speed internet, video conferencing technology, remote collaboration tools, email, and other technologies, remote work will likely remain common after the pandemic ends and offices fully reopen. There are many benefits of remote work, including increased productivity, better work-life balance, reduced commute time and traffic congestion, decreased emissions, and cost savings for employees and employers. However, access to the privilege of remote work is unevenly distributed across occupations and socioeconomic groups. Among those who can work remotely, there may be disparities in performance appraisals and promotions compared to in-person workers. Congress has a unique opportunity to address these inequities via expansion of the Telework Enhancement Act, which currently covers federal government employees, to include firms in the private sector. This Act enables all employees whose jobs can be performed remotely to do so and mandates that remote workers and in-person workers be treated the same for the purposes of training, performance appraisal, and promotion.
Boosting Minority Teacher Recruitment and Retention for a Diverse Future STEM Workforce
Authors: Razafindrambinina Patricia , Dubey Aditi , Ellis Paul , Lamb Rachel , Ravan Shantam
Published: September 2021

The United States STEM workforce has yet to reflect the demographics of the larger population. This discrepancy begins at the base of the STEM pipeline with a significant lack of minority STEM K-12 teachers to serve as mentors and role models to minority students. Research has shown that minority students’ exposure to same-race teachers increased academic output and education attainment up to 32%. Unfortunately, minority teachers face a revolving-door effect: the cycle of increased recruitment countered by a high turnover amongst minority teachers compared to their white counterparts. Minority teachers who leave the profession consistently cite negative teaching environments, discrimination, and lack of support as the main drivers of their decision to quit teaching. The Maryland state legislature recently passed the Blueprint for Maryland’s Future Act, which attempts to address teacher recruitment and retention more comprehensively. Here, we go beyond the Blueprint’s baseline tools to recommend targeted strategies to recruit and retain minority STEM K-12 teachers in Maryland. Through the creation of a robust peer mentorship pipeline between new and experienced teachers, prioritization of school staff diversity and inclusion training, and the promotion of teacher autonomy, we will increase minority student education attainment and encourage the growth of a diverse STEM workforce in Maryland.
Le parcours des victimes, parties civiles
Authors: Lienhard Claude , Szwarc Catherine , Rivoire Jean-Luc , Ortin Julien
Published: September 2021

Vu du côté des victimes, le procès des attentats de janvier 2015 se devait d'être exemplaire et de répondre à l'impératif de Justice. Pour être exceptionnel et hors norme, le procès impliquait encore plus d'être un procès équitable. L'attribution du volet indemnitaire au fonds de garantie des victimes des actes de terrorisme et d'autres infractions (FGTI) et au juge de l'indemnisation des victimes d'actes de terrorisme (JIVAT), permet aux victimes de se tenir à distance du procès pénal. La constitution de partie civile et la décision de sa recevabilité sont clairement des actes de reconnaissance essentiels. Différentes et diverses, les victimes et leurs proches sont apparus unis par l'effroi, les souffrances, une volonté de comprendre et une immense dignité. La réponse pénale était attendue comme la clôture de l'immense tremblement provoqué par les attentats. L'arrêt civil, de son côté apporte aux victimes la reconnaissance officielle de leur statut. Très attendu, il pose avec rigueur une méthodologie concernant le principe et les critères de recevabilité des constitutions parties civiles. C'est donc la Cour d'assises qui aura autorité absolue pour la reconnaissance de la qualité de victime en cas de contestation dans le processus d'indemnisation.
France / États-Unis, deux réponses au terrorisme
Authors: Sageman Marc
Published: September 2021

Dans les systèmes américain et français, les procès en matière de terrorisme présentent de fortes différences. Il existe de nombreuses juridictions différentes et bien que la partie civile ne soit pas impliquée dans un procès pénal, elle dispose d'un recours en réparation dans les affaires civiles. Les procédures pénales fédérales sont contradictoires. Le ministère public et la défense négocient tout au long de la procédure sur les charges retenues et les peines applicables. Les procès pour terrorisme sont soumis à des lois spécifiques qui criminalisent le soutien matériel apporté au terrorisme et entraînent des peines plus sévères pour les terroristes reconnus coupables. La phase du procès visant à déterminer la culpabilité se déroule devant un jury, et les représentants des deux parties posent des questions aux témoins, le président du tribunal ne traitant que des questions de droit. Une fois reconnu coupable, un accusé comparaît lors d'une seconde audience, en vue de déterminer la peine, souvent devant un juge. Après leur condamnation, les terroristes reconnus coupables sont soumis à des mesures particulières visant à les isoler et à limiter leurs communications avec le monde extérieur.
Filmer les procès pour l'histoire : la fabrique d'une archive de la justice
Authors: Sin Blima-Barru Martine , Delage Christian
Published: September 2021

La loi Badinter du 11 juillet 1985 a permis de créer de façon volontaire 14 archives audiovisuelles de procès promues au rang de documents pour l'Histoire. Dérogatoire à l'interdiction de capter les audiences de la loi sur la liberté de la presse, exception au régime général des archives, cette mise en archives de la Justice sélectionne quelques procès pour l'exemple et pour la mémoire de la Justice. Une archiviste et un historien reviennent sur 35 ans d'une présence rare de la caméra dans le prétoire, afin d'éclairer les modalités de ces captations entre cadre réglementaire, exigence de la pérennisation des archives et besoins présumés de l'historien.
Parole des victimes et dispositif d'accompagnement
Authors: Damiani Carole
Published: September 2021

L'association Paris Aide aux victimes, agréée par le Ministère de la Justice, s'est vue confier une mission d'accompagnement et de soutien psychologique des parties civiles du procès des attentats de janvier 2015 par le Parquet National Anti-Terroriste (PNAT) de Paris. L'équipe a donc été mobilisée pour préparer le dispositif en amont du procès et soutenir les parties civiles durant les audiences et ce, jusqu'au verdict. Cet accompagnement des victimes a été le fruit d'une longue expérience qui a débuté en 2002 avec le procès des attentats de juillet 1995, et qui s'est affinée à l'occasion des différents procès pour terrorisme qui se sont déroulés à la cour d'appel de Paris. L'élaboration de ces dispositifs de soutien psychologique s'est appuyée sur la parole des victimes et la prise en compte de leurs attentes.
La défense de rupture est-elle toujours pertinente ?
Authors: Ortin Julien
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, l'auteur ayant soutenu une thèse portant sur le militantisme dans la profession d'avocat, s'interroge sur l'opportunité de recourir à une défense politique de rupture dans les procès qui traitent d'affaires terroristes contemporaines. Si une telle défense peut sembler tentante, elle n'est plus réellement opportune. La défense de rupture doit en effet convaincre l'opinion publique puis le juge qu'il existe une autre façon de concevoir les faits qui sont reprochés à l'accusé. Or, un tel travail de recontextualisation est impossible et inaudible dans le cas spécifique du terrorisme djihadiste fortement politisé. En outre, la défense de rupture s'inscrit dans une lutte contre le droit perçu par une majorité comme une arme de domination de la classe dominante. Or, le droit est désormais conçu comme une arme qu'il est au contraire possible de mobiliser contre l'État et l'utilisation au rabais qu'il tend à produire des droits de la défense.
Droits des accusés et des parties civiles : deux exigences incompatibles ?
Authors: Weill Sharon , Sulzer Jeanne
Published: September 2021

Cet article vise à analyser le procès des attentats de janvier 2015 à la lumière de certains procès de crimes internationaux ayant donné lieu à une importante participation de victimes en tant que parties civiles. Il ressort que le fossé qui existe en matière terroriste entre les préjudices des victimes et les charges retenues contre les accusés risquent de créer des attentes irréconciliables. Ce décalage conduit parfois la défense à dénoncer un procès spectacle qui ébranle l'égalité des armes. Ce sont l'ensemble des parties - partie civiles et accusés - qui risquent d'être victimes des dérives de la justice antiterroriste.
L'office du juge d'instruction antiterroriste
Authors: Robinson Emmanuelle , Mégie Antoine , Jarroux Pauline , Ortin Julien , Salas Denis
Published: September 2021

La juge d'instruction antiterroriste E. Robinson revient dans cet entretien sur la dimension hybride des dossiers de terrorisme islamiste. D'un côté, les interrogatoires des mis en examen aux profils très diversifiés permettent de mesurer leur évolution dans le temps long de l'instruction ; d'autre part, les réunions d'information régulières à la fois individuelles et collectives des parties civiles qui sont nombreuses dans ce type de contentieux. Cet entretien éclaire aussi une pratique professionnelle méconnue : le partage d'information au sein de la juridiction à travers la co-saisine quasi-systématique et les échanges réguliers avec les autres services concernés.
Silence… Ça dit !
Authors: Coquelin Charles
Published: September 2021

Partant d’idées et de perceptions diverses concernant cette idée du silence, l’auteur vagabonde au gré de ce qui lui vient à l’esprit. Son souhait est d’inciter le lecteur à vagabonder quelques instants avec lui, sans autre prétention que de provoquer quelques questionnements, de se moquer un peu de soi même. Mais aussi de susciter par l’observation de cela qui vient à l’expérience, des curiosités, voire des questionnements sur un sujet bien difficile à circonscrire, où la responsabilité du thérapeute est peut être plus engagée qu’il est d’usage de le mesurer.
Variations à bas bruit
Authors: Roquefère Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2021

Au travers de ce texte, l’auteure s’essaie à explorer les différentes textures, fonctions et polarités du silence : cotonneux, liant, chargé, criant… tiers protecteur, fond menaçant ou agent de l’aménagement ? Cela parle de la situation et des êtres en présence, des forces à l’œuvre. La volatilité du silence prisé, évité, redouté, muable en trait d’union ?
Le silence d’effet (des faits)
Authors: Cludy Régine
Published: September 2021

L’auteur aborde le silence comme condition de possibilité, comme expression muette des choses. Il est ce moment où peut s’inaugurer la parole comme transportant ce qui la mobilise, elle fait parler ce qui l’affecte. Différentes sortes de silence et de leurs dimensions respectives sont abordées.
La cocotte en papier
Authors: Beley Pierre-André
Published: September 2021

Dans ce récit clinique d’un accompagnement sur plusieurs mois, l’auteur évoque différents types de silences, tantôt tenus, tantôt rompus et ses tentatives pour en faire des appuis à la psychothérapie. Une vignette clinique déroule la transformation d’un non-dit en séance, où l’essentiel n’est probablement pas de pouvoir le verbaliser à tout prix. L’effet thérapeutique pourrait se situer aussi bien dans le soin et l’accueil de ce qui ne peut se mettre en mots. L’incapacité à dire n’est pas vue comme une résistance qu’il faudrait briser, mais au contraire comme un mouvement, une tension qui demandent à être soutenus sans objectifs prédéfinis.
Raconte, Silence, la brèche du temps
Authors: Gateau-Brochard Laurence
Published: September 2021

L’auteure divague autour du phénomène du silence, dialogue avec lui, lieu d’altérité intime, où émergent d’étranges mots qui se tordent en verbes. Elle joue avec la langue, la fragmente en réponse aux trous de langage que suscite cette expérience du silence, d’autant plus lorsqu’elle est partagée. Elle cherche dans la poésie à attraper les prémisses de formes confuses, à jouer de ces interstices indicibles.
Lettre ouverte à Gianni Francesetti
Authors: Valantin Béatrice
Published: September 2021

Dans cette lettre ouverte à Gianni Francesetti, l’auteure partage son expérience de la thérapie en ligne, en retour à une conférence qu’il a donnée sur le thème : « La thérapie en contexte pandémique, thérapie en présentiel et thérapie en ligne, différences paradigmatiques ». À l’aide d’exemples cliniques, elle nous fait part des ajustements et de l’évolution de sa pratique de la Gestalt-thérapie par la visioconférence, fondée sur ses expériences et ses recherches théoriques.
De l’actuel au virtuel
Authors: Comité de rédaction
Published: September 2021

La pratique de la psychothérapie en ‘distanciel’, comme le souligne elle-même Béatrice Valantin, est loin de faire consensus. Le Comité de rédaction des Cahiers, soucieux de proposer une pluralité de points de vue et de soutenir la réflexion autour de cette question, a souhaité proposer aux lecteurs un commentaire critique en contrepoint du texte précédent.
Deux risques et une troisieme voie
Authors: Béjà Vincent
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, l’auteur avance que, tant les valeurs inspirant la posture thérapeutique gestaltiste que le mode d’intervention basé sur la résonance affective du thérapeute, valent d’être défendus et même diffusés plus largement qu’aujourd’hui. Au vu de l’évolution du contexte réglementaire et de l’apparition du « modèle contextuel » — véritable contrepoint au modèle médical — il tente de déterminer un chemin praticable pour la Gestalt-thérapie relationnelle et de champ contemporaine qui lui permettrait d’être reconnue comme une modalité innovante et efficace par les acteurs du système du soin psychique. Il s’agit de construire une troisième voie qui passe entre la marginalisation ou même la disparition pure et simple (devant un courant majoritaire cognitivo-comportemental issu d’un modèle médical basé sur la preuve) et la dissolution dans un vaste courant intégratif (que pourrait amener l’adoption par le système de soin du modèle alternatif émergent - le modèle contextuel) basé sur les résultats. Il esquisse alors les grandes lignes d’une recherche gestaltiste qui permette à la Gestalt-thérapie d’être légitimée en étant reconnue comme offrant des traitements basés sur la pratique ainsi que de continuer à se développer comme une modalité originale et novatrice.