bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Cognitive Decline, Focus on Microbiome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Coradduzza Donatella , Sedda Stefania , Cruciani Sara , De Miglio Maria Rosaria , Ventura Carlo , Nivoli Alessandra , Maioli Margherita
Published: September 2023

Aging is a complex process influenced by genetics and the environment, leading to physiological decline and increased susceptibility to diseases. Cognitive decline is a prominent feature of aging, with implications for different neurodegenerative disorders. The gut microbiome has gained attention for its potential impact on health and disease, including cognitive function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognitive function in the context of aging. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was employed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies exploring the role of the microbiome in cognition and neurodegenerative disorders, published between 2013 and 2023, were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Quantitative synthesis using statistical analyses was performed to examine microbial diversity and relative abundance in various cognitive conditions. Sixteen studies involving a total of 1303 participants were included in the analysis. The gut microbiota’s relative abundance was different in individuals with cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia, compared to the healthy controls. The most prevalent phyla affected were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Meta-analyses indicated substantial heterogeneity among studies focusing on Alzheimer’s disease. The overall quality of evidence related to microbial analysis was moderate. The gut microbiome’s role in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders warrants investigation. Altered microbial abundance, particularly in specific phyla, is associated with cognitive impairments. However, variations in study findings and methodologies highlight the complexity of the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognitive function. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this connection and its potential implications for aging and cognitive health.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Apoptosis, TNF Alpha and Interferon Gamma Response Gene mRNA Expression in T Lymphocytes
Authors: Fracchia Andrea , Khare Drirh , Da’na Samar , Or Reuven , Buxboim Amnon , Nachmias Boaz , Barkatz Claudine , Golan-Gerstl Regina , Tiwari Swasti , Stepensky Polina , Nevo Yuval , Benyamini Hadar , Elgavish Sharona , Almogi-Hazan Osnat , Avni Batia
Published: September 2023

Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of small extracellular bodies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) for various diseases, notably through their ability to alter T-cell differentiation and function. The current study aimed to explore immunomodulatory pathway alterations within T cells through mRNA sequencing of activated T cells cocultured with bone marrow-derived MSC-sEVs. mRNA profiling of activated human T cells cocultured with MSC-sEVs or vehicle control was performed using the QIAGEN Illumina sequencing platform. Pathway networks and biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA)® software, KEGG pathway, GSEA and STRING database. A total of 364 differentially expressed genes were identified in sEV-treated T cells. Canonical pathway analysis highlighted the RhoA signaling pathway. Cellular development, movement, growth and proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction and inflammatory response-related gene expression were altered. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis underscored the apoptosis pathway. GSEA identified enrichment in downregulated genes associated with TNF alpha and interferon gamma response, and upregulated genes related to apoptosis and migration of lymphocytes and T-cell differentiation gene sets. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which MSC-sEVs implement immunomodulatory effects on activated T cells. These findings may contribute to the development of MSC-sEV-based therapies.
Synopsis of Barrier Function of Skin and Mucosa—Volume 2
Authors: Wertz Philip W.
Published: September 2023

This is an attempt to briefly summarize the contributions to this second Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences on the barrier function of the skin and the oral mucosa [...]
Synthetic Opals or Versatile Nanotools—A One-Step Synthesis of Uniform Spherical Silica Particles
Authors: Laskowska Magdalena , Karczmarska Agnieszka , Schabikowski Mateusz , Adamek Michał , Maximenko Alexey , Pawlik Katarzyna , Kowalska Oliwia , Olejniczak Zbigniew , Laskowski Łukasz
Published: September 2023

Synthetic opals, a composition of homogeneous silica spheres in the mesoscale size range, have attracted the attention of scientists due to their favorable chemical and physical properties. Their chemical inertness and stability, biocompatibility, homogeneity, elevated specific surface area, and ease of functionalization of their surfaces make them a versatile nanotool. In the present study, the Stöber process was used to investigate the effect of parameters, such as reagent concentration and synthesis temperature, on the resulting silica particle size and structure. The optimal conditions for successfully obtaining homogeneous particles in the mesoscale range with high reproducibility were investigated. Several synthesis procedures and their dependence on the reaction temperature were presented to allow the selection of the assumed diameter of silica spheres. The numerous samples obtained were examined for size, homogeneity, structure, and specific surface area. On the basis of specific surface area measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance studies, the internal hierarchical structure of the spherical silica was confirmed as consisting of a solid core and layers of secondary spheres covered by a solid shell. Structural studies (X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure, and nuclear magnetic resonance), together with infrared vibrational spectroscopy, showed no dependence of the structure of the obtained mesospheres on the concentration of reagents and the size of the obtained particles.
In the Search for Biomarkers of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Are Cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-Gamma the Right Indicators to Use?
Authors: Tomaszewski Michał , Mertowska Paulina , Janczewska Martyna , Styczeń Agnieszka , Mertowski Sebastian , Jonas Kamil , Grywalska Ewelina , Kopeć Grzegorz
Published: September 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, leading to right heart failure. While the exact mechanisms underlying PAH are not fully understood, cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and inflammation. These small proteins also play a key role in shaping the immunophenotype, which refers to the specific characteristics and functional properties of immune cells, which can have a significant impact on the development of PAH. The aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotype and the concentration of selected cytokines, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma, in patients diagnosed with PAH (with particular emphasis on subtypes) in relation to healthy volunteers. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that in patients with PAH, the functioning of the immune system is deregulated as a result of a decrease in the percentage of selected subpopulations of immune cells in peripheral blood and changes in the concentration of tested cytokines in relation to healthy volunteers. In addition, a detailed analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences between the PAH subtypes and the tested immunological parameters. This may indicate a significant role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of PAH.
Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Doxorubicin from Nanoparticles of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chitosan Copolymer for Treatment of Drug-Resistant Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Yoon Kaengwon , Jung Seunggon , Ryu Jaeyoung , Park Hong-Ju , Oh Hee-Kyun , Kook Min-Suk
Published: September 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive polymer nanoparticles were synthesized for tumor targeting of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). For this purpose, chitosan-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) (ChitoPEG)-graft copolymer was synthesized and then DOX was conjugated to the backbone of chitosan using a thioketal linker. Subsequently, the chemical structure of the DOX-conjugated ChitoPEG copolymer (ChitoPEGthDOX) was confirmed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Nanoparticles of the ChitoPEGthDOX conjugates have spherical shapes and a size of approximately 100 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles disintegrate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the particle size distribution also changes from a monomodal/narrow distribution pattern to a multi-modal/wide distribution pattern. Furthermore, DOX is released faster in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. These results indicated that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles have ROS sensitivity. The anticancer activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using AT84 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Moreover, DOX-resistant AT84 cells were prepared in vitro. DOX and its nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both DOX-sensitive and DOX-resistant AT84 cells in vitro. However, DOX itself showed reduced cytotoxicity against DOX-resistant AT84 cells, while the nanoparticles showed almost similar cytotoxicity to DOX-sensitive and DOX-resistant AT84 cells. This result may be due to the inhibition of intracellular delivery of free DOX, while nanoparticles were efficiently internalized in DOX-resistant cells. The in vivo study of a DOX-resistant AT84 cell-bearing tumor xenograft model showed that nanoparticles have higher antitumor efficacy than those found in free DOX treatment. These results may be related to the efficient accumulation of nanoparticles in the tumor tissue, i.e., the fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue was stronger than that of any other organs. Our findings suggest that ChitoPEGthDOX nanoparticles may be a promising candidate for ROS-sensitive anticancer delivery against DOX-resistant oral cancer cells.
Student Perception of Knowledge and Skills in Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy in a Bachelor’s Medical Curriculum
Authors: Pandit Rahul , Poleij Merel C. S. , Gerrits Mirjam A. F. M.
Published: September 2023

Background: Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy (P&PT) is a foundational subject within the medical curriculum, preparing students for safe prescribing. The characteristics of students entering medical school change with time, and novel insights on teaching and learning also become available. A periodic review of the curriculum is required to investigate whether the current P&PT teaching optimally supports learning. Methods: To investigate this, the students’ perceptions of their knowledge and competence in various P&PT topics were studied. A total of 152 third-year bachelor’s students were invited to answer a 40-point online questionnaire. Results: The response rate for completing the questionnaire was 32% (N = 49). Students valued P&PT teaching, did not skip P&PT topics and desired more P&PT classes. Interestingly, students were hesitant to use recommended literature and textbooks to prepare themselves for classes. Concerning perceptions of knowledge and competence, students rated lower confidence in prescription writing skills and knowledge of drugs acting on the central nervous system. Conclusions: Although there are many positive elements within the current curriculum, the incorporation of teaching methodologies to ensure active student engagement is warranted. These modifications are essential to properly training the current generation of medical students for their role as future prescribers. A relatively low response rate and overestimation of one’s competencies remain potential biases in the study.
Luminescent Cadmium(II)-Based 12-MC-4 Metallacrown Complex with 2-Methylmercaptobenzohydroxamic Acid Ligand
Authors: Sundaresan Sriram , Gamer Christoph , Förster Mortiz J. , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva
Published: September 2023

We reported herein the synthesis, structure determination and emission properties of a cubic molecular Cd(II) coordination cluster whose faces are composed of 12-MC-4 metallacrown units built up from Cd2+ and 2-methylmercaptobenzohydroxamic acid (LmmbHA), resulting in [CdII14(LmmbHA)12(µ6−O)(DMF)10](ClO4)2·3H2O. The polynuclear complex obtained was characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 193 K. The bulk sample was also analysed by elemental analysis. UV-Vis and emission spectra of the complex were measured in chloroform, as well as the emission spectra of the ligand for comparison. The results of the emission studies revealed that both the ligand and the complex are weakly emissive.
Multi-Species Host Use by the Parasitoid Fly Ormia lineifrons
Authors: Rogers Kyler J. , Beckers Oliver M.
Published: September 2023

Antagonistic species relationships such as parasitoid/host interactions lead to evolutionary arms races between species. Many parasitoids use more than one host species, requiring the parasitoid to adapt to multiple hosts, sometimes being the leader or the follower in the evolutionary back-and-forth between species. Thus, multi-species interactions are dynamic and show temporary evolutionary outcomes at a given point in time. We investigated the interactions of the multivoltine parasitoid fly Ormia lineifrons that uses different katydid hosts for each of its fly generations sequentially over time. We hypothesized that this fly is adapted to utilizing all hosts equally well for the population to persist. We quantified and compared the fly’s development in each of the four Neoconocephalus hosts. Cumulative parasitism rates ranged between ~14% and 73%, but parasitoid load and development time did not differ across host species. Yet, pupal size was lowest for flies using N. velox as a host compared to N. triops and other host species. Successful development from pupa to adult fly differed across host species, with flies emerging from N. triops displaying a significantly lower development success rate than those emerging from N. velox and the other two hosts. Interestingly, N. triops and N. velox did not differ in size and were smaller than N. robustus and N. nebrascensis hosts. Thus, O. lineifrons utilized all hosts but displayed especially low ability to develop in N. triops, potentially due to differences in the nutritional status of the host. In the multi-species interactions between the fly and its hosts, the poor use of N. triops may currently affect the fly’s evolution the most. Similarities and differences across host utilization and their evolutionary background are discussed.
Key Amino Acid Residues Involved in Binding Interactions between Bactrocera minax Odorant-Binding Protein 3 (BminOBP3) and Undecanol
Authors: Yang Ling , Tian Xiaoli , Gui Lianyou , Wang Fulian , Zhang Guohui
Published: September 2023

Insect odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are significant in binding and transporting odorants to specific receptors. Our previous study demonstrated that BminOBP3 exhibited a strong affinity with undecanol. However, the binding mechanism between them remains unknown. Here, using homology modeling and molecular docking, we found that the C-terminus (I116-P122), especially the hydrogenbonds formed by the last three amino acid residues (V120, F121, and P122) of the C-terminus, is essential for BminOBP3′s ligand binding. Mutant binding assays showed that the mutant T-OBP3 that lacks C-terminus (I116-P122) displayed a significant decrease in affinity to undecanol (Ki = 19.57 ± 0.45) compared with that of the wild-type protein BminOBP3 (Ki = 11.59 ± 0.51). In the mutant 3D2a that lacks F121 and P122 and the mutant V120A in which V120 was replaced by alanine, the bindings to undecanol were completely abolished. In conclusion, the C-terminus plays a crucial role in the binding interactions between BminOBP3 and undecanol. Based on the results, we discussed the ligand-binding process of BminOBP3.
Long-Term Performance of Epicardial versus Transvenous Left Ventricular Leads for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: de Maat Gijs E. , Mulder Bart A. , Van de Lande Martijn E. , Rama Rajiv S. , Rienstra Michiel , Mariani Massimo A. , Maass Alexander H. , Klinkenberg Theo J.
Published: September 2023

Aims: to study the technical performance of epicardial left ventricular (LV) leads placed via video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), compared to transvenously placed leads for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods: From 2001 until 2013, a total of 644 lead placement procedures were performed for CRT. In the case of unsuccessful transvenous LV lead placement, the patient received an epicardial LV lead. Study groups consist of 578 patients with a transvenous LV lead and 66 with an epicardial LV lead. The primary endpoint was LV-lead failure necessitating a replacement or deactivation. The secondary endpoint was energy consumption. Results: The mean follow up was 5.9 years (epicardial: 5.5 ± 3.1, transvenous: 5.9 ± 3.5). Transvenous leads failed significantly more frequently than epicardial leads with a total of 66 (11%) in the transvenous leads group vs. 2 (3%) in the epicardial lead group (p = 0.037). Lead energy consumption was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: Epicardial lead placement is feasible, safe and shows excellent long-term performance compared to transvenous leads. Epicardial lead placement should be considered when primary transvenous lead placement fails or as a primary lead placement strategy in challenging cases.
Safety and Efficiency of Low-Dose Spinal Analgesia Compared to Epidural Analgesia in Treatment of Pain during Labour: A Case Control Study
Authors: Calineata Martin , Jennewein Lukas , Neef Vanessa , Flinspach Armin Niklas , Louwen Frank , Zacharowski Kai , Raimann Florian Jürgen
Published: September 2023

Background: The epidural catheter for analgesia has been used for decades and has become the gold standard in pain therapy for pregnant women in labour. However, procedural parameters such as time to pain relief and duration to implementation pose hurdles for patients shortly before delivery. Low-dose spinal analgesia (LDSA) is an alternative procedure that was investigated in the study with regard to patient satisfaction and complication rates compared to epidural catheter. Methods: In a retrospective monocentric study, a total of 242 patients receiving low-dose spinal analgesia or epidural catheters were evaluated using propensity score matching. Subjective patient satisfaction as well as complication rates were primarily analysed. We hypothesise that LDSA is a safe procedure and provides a similar level of satisfaction compared with the epidural catheter. For this purpose, both procedures were performed according to in-house standards and the patients were interviewed afterwards. Patients who required surgical delivery were excluded to prevent bias. Results: The LDSA was rated on average as very good [1.09 ± 0.311 vs. 1.07 ± 0.431] in terms of satisfaction by the patients compared to the epidural catheter without showing a significant difference (p = 0.653). Complications were in the low single-digit non-significant range for both procedures [6 (5%) vs. 7 (6%); p = 0.776]. The evaluation showed more perineal tears I° and II° in the low-dose spinal analgesia group [I°: 28 (23%) vs. 3 (2%); p < 0.001—II°: 30 (25%) vs. 2 (2%); p < 0.001]. Neonatal parameters differed significantly only in umbilical cord base excess and umbilical cord venous pH [−5.40 vs. −6.40; p = 0.005]. Conclusions: LDSA represents a low complication procedure for patients at the end of labour with a high satisfaction level. With the LDSA in the repertoire of pain relief during childbirth, it is possible to also achieve pain reduction for women with deliveries of high velocity without compromising patient satisfaction or perinatal morbidity.
Swiss Pilot Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening Study: First Baseline Screening Results
Authors: Jungblut Lisa , Etienne Harry , Zellweger Caroline , Matter Alessandra , Patella Miriam , Frauenfelder Thomas , Opitz Isabelle
Published: September 2023

This pilot study conducted in Switzerland aims to assess the implementation, execution, and performance of low-dose CT lung cancer screening (LDCT-LCS). With lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Switzerland, the study seeks to explore the potential impact of screening on reducing mortality rates. However, initiating a lung cancer screening program poses challenges and depends on country-specific factors. This prospective study, initiated in October 2018, enrolled participants meeting the National Lung Cancer Study criteria or a lung cancer risk above 1.5% according to the PLCOm2012 lung cancer risk-model. LDCT scans were assessed using Lung-RADS. Enrollment and follow-up are ongoing. To date, we included 112 participants, with a median age of 62 years (IQR 57–67); 42% were female. The median number of packs smoked each year was 45 (IQR 38–57), and 24% had stopped smoking before enrollment. The mean PLCOm2012 was 3.7% (±2.5%). We diagnosed lung cancer in 3.6% of participants (95%, CI:1.0–12.1%), with various stages, all treated with curative intent. The recall rate for intermediate results (Lung-RADS 3,4a) was 15%. LDCT-LCS in Switzerland, using modified inclusion criteria, is feasible. Further analysis will inform the potential implementation of a comprehensive lung cancer screening program in Switzerland.
Comparison of Cumulative Live Birth Rates between Flexible and Conventional Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation Protocol in Poor Ovarian Response Patients According to POSEIDON Criteria: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ying , Chu Yifan , Yao Wen , Wang Luyao , Zeng Wanjiang , Yue Jing
Published: September 2023

Research Question: To compare the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per oocyte retrieval cycle of a conventional progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (cPPOS) regimen with a flexible progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (fPPOS) regimen in poor ovarian response patients, according to POSEIDON criteria. Design: Poor ovarian response women, according to POSEIDON criteria, who underwent the first PPOS protocol for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. The fPPOS group involved 113 participants, and the cPPOS group included 1119 participants. In the cPPOS group, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (10 mg/d) was administrated on the gonadotropin injection the same day as gonadotropin injections in the cPPOS group, while MPA was started either on the day when the leading follicle with mean diameter > 12mm was present and/or serum E2 was >300 pg/mL in the fPPOS protocol group. The primary outcome was CLBR. Results: The fPPOS protocol had higher CLBR per oocyte retrieval cycle compared to the cPPOS group, even without a statistically significant difference (29.6% vs. 24.9%, p = 0.365). The fPPOS group had fewer numbers of retrieved oocytes (2.87 ± 2.03 vs. 3.76 ± 2.32, p < 0.001) but a higher MII oocyte rate (89.8% vs. 84.7%, p = 0.016). In addition, the number of available embryos in the two groups was comparable (1.37 ± 1.24 vs. 1.63 ± 1.38, p = 0.095). There were five women in the fPPOS group, and 86 women in the cPPOS group had a premature LH surge (4.2% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.261). In the fPPOS group, there was one instance of premature ovulation, while in the cPPOS group, there were six occurrences of premature ovulation (0.8 vs. 0.5%, p = 1.000). Conclusion(s): The novel fPPOS protocol appears to achieve higher CLBR even without significant differences and with MPA consumption compared with cPPOS protocol in low-prognosis patients.
Effect of the Adhesive Strategy on Clinical Performance and Marginal Integrity of a Universal Adhesive in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions in a Randomized 36-Month Study
Authors: Haak Rainer , Stache Gesa , Schneider Hartmut , Häfer Matthias , Schmalz Gerhard , Schulz-Kornas Ellen
Published: September 2023

The effectiveness of a universal adhesive applied in three application modes for the preparation of Class V composite restorations was evaluated both clinically and by quantitative marginal analysis (QMA) over 36 months. In 50 patients, three (n = 21) or four (n = 29) non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) were restored with Venus® Diamond Flow (Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The adhesive iBond® Universal (iBU, Kulzer, Germany) was used in self-etch (SE), etch-and-rinse (ER), or selective-enamel-etch mode (SEE). The etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBondTM FL served as a control (OFL, Kerr GmbH, Herzogenrath, Germany). The restorations were clinically assessed (FDI criteria) at 14 days (BL), 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Additionally, QMA was conducted on all restorations of 11 randomly selected patients. FDI criteria and marginal gap and perfect margin were compared between and within groups and recalls using McNemar, Wilcoxon, or Mann–Whitney U-tests (α = 0.05). Starting with 12 months, cumulative failure rates were lower in iBU-SE (0.0%, p = 0.016) and iBU-ER groups (2.1%, p = 0.07) compared to OFL (16.7%). At two years, iBU-SEE also showed fewer failures (0.0% SEE vs. 34.6% OFL, p = 0.016), as did iBU-SE compared to iBU-ER after 36 months (2.2 and 19.6%, p = 0.039). From BL, the iBU-SEE group always had the fewest marginal gaps and the highest percentage of perfect margins. From BL, iBU-SEE (0%, p = 0.008) and iBU-ER (0.2%, p = 0.027) showed significantly fewer marginal gaps compared to OFL (2.5%) and more perfect margins were found with iBU-SEE starting at 6 months (p = 0.054). The SEE and ER modes ensured the most excellent marginal quality, with differences from the control appearing earlier with QMA than clinically. In restoring NCCls, iBU showed superior clinical performance over OFL, especially in modes SE and SEE.
Bidirectional Association between Lichen Planus and Hepatitis C—An Update Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: García-Pola María , Rodríguez-Fonseca Lucia , Suárez-Fernández Carlota , Sanjuán-Pardavila Raquel , Seoane-Romero Juan , Rodríguez-López Samuel
Published: September 2023

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder associated with systemic diseases such as hepatitis C (HCV). The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between LP and HCV bidirectionally through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of studies published was performed in the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Out of 18,491 articles, 192 studies were included. The global prevalence of HCV positive (HCV+) in LP patients registered from 143 studies was 9.42% [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.27–11.58%], and from these, 84 studies showed HCV+ 4-fold more frequent in LP than a control group (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 3.48–5.77). The global prevalence of LP in patients HCV+ recorded from 49 studies was 7.05% (95% CI, 4.85–9.26%), and from these, 15 registered a 3-fold more LP in HCV (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.14–6.24). HCV+ in LP patients showed great geographic variability (OR, 2.7 to 8.57), and the predominantly cutaneous location was higher (OR, 5.95) than the oral location (OR, 3.49). LP in HCV+ patients was more frequent in the Eastern Mediterranean (OR, 5.51; 95% CI, 1.40–15.57). There is a higher prevalence of HCV+ in LP and vice versa than in the control group, especially in certain geographical areas that should be taken into consideration when doing screening in countries with an upper prevalence of HCV among the general population.
Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Era of COVID-19: A Challenge in a Challenge
Authors: Mazzone Annamaria , Berti Sergio , Vassalle Cristina
Published: September 2023

From the very beginning, the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has tested the healthcare systems, having unpredictable and extreme adverse impacts on acute care clinical settings [...]
Etiology of Bronchiectasis in the World: Data from the Published National and International Registries
Authors: Gómez-Olivas Jose Daniel , Oscullo Grace , Martínez-García Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2023

Bronchiectasis is the third leading chronic inflammatory disease of the airway caused by dozens of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary diseases. Infection by pathogenic microorganisms is very common. We aimed to analyze, for the first time in the literature, the etiology of bronchiectasis throughout the world via data published in national and international registries. A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science. Seven studies were included, with a total of 27,258 patients from 33 countries of four continents. The most frequent cause of bronchiectasis was post-infectious: 30.5% (range: 19.1–40.4%), followed by idiopathic: 28.7% (18.5–38.1%). Post-tuberculous bronchiectasis accounted for 14.1% (1.8–35.5%), while etiologies associated with COPD and asthma comprised 7% (3.4–10.9%) and 5.2% (2.5–7.8%). In conclusion, there was a high degree of heterogeneity in the relative percentages of the main causes of bronchiectasis in the world, although post-infectious and idiophatic bronchiectasis continue to be the most frequent causes.
Epidemiology, Ventilation Management and Outcomes of COPD Patients Receiving Invasive Ventilation for COVID-19—Insights from PRoVENT-COVID
Authors: Tripipitsiriwat Athiwat , Suppapueng Orawan , van Meenen David M. P. , Paulus Frederique , Hollmann Markus W. , Sivakorn Chaisith , Schultz Marcus J.
Published: September 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for death in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) for respiratory support. Previous reports suggested higher mortality in COPD patients with COVID-19. It is yet unknown whether patients with COPD were treated differently compared to non-COPD patients. We compared the ventilation management and outcomes of invasive ventilation for COVID-19 in COPD patients versus non-COPD patients. This was a post hoc analysis of a nation-wide, observational study in the Netherlands. COPD patients were compared to non-COPD patients with respect to key ventilation parameters. The secondary endpoints included adjunctive treatments for refractory hypoxemia, and 28-day mortality. Of a total of 1090 patients, 88 (8.1%) were classified as having COPD. The ventilation parameters were not different between COPD patients and non-COPD patients, except for FiO2, which was higher in COPD patients. Prone positioning was applied more often in COPD patients. COPD patients had higher 28-day mortality than non-COPD patients. COPD had an independent association with 28-day mortality. In this cohort of patients who received invasive ventilation for COVID-19, only FiO2 settings and the use of prone positioning were different between COPD patients and non-COPD patients. COPD patients had higher mortality than non-COPD patients.
Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke despite Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Galea Roberto , Seiffge David , Räber Lorenz
Published: September 2023

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) experiencing ischemic stroke despite oral anticoagulation (OAC), i.e., breakthrough strokes, are not uncommon, and represent an important clinical subgroup in view of the consistently high risk of stroke recurrence and mortality. The understanding of the heterogenous potential mechanism underlying OAC failure is essential in order to implement specific therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. However, due to the incomplete comprehension of this phenomenon and the limited available data, secondary stroke prevention in such high-risk patients represents a clinical dilemma. There are several available strategies to prevent ischemic stroke recurrence in AF patients with breakthrough stroke in the absence of competing causes unrelated to AF, and these include continuation or change in the type of OAC, addition of antiplatelet therapy, left atrial appendage closure, or any combination of the above options. However, due to the limited available data, the latest guidelines do not provide any specific recommendations about which of the above strategies may be preferred. This review describes the incidence, the clinical impact and the potential mechanisms underlying OAC failure in AF patients. Furthermore, the evidence supporting each of the above therapeutic options for secondary stroke prevention and the potential future directions will be discussed.
Effect of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Punch on the Deep Drawing Process
Authors: Khazaal Sulaiman Mustafa , Szabolcs Szávai
Published: September 2023

Composites have many uses in industrial applications. A new trend, the deep drawing process, is to use these composite materials to obtain drawn products with high quality. This study investigated the effect of using a hybrid composite material in the deep drawing process. The main aim was to perform the deep drawing process with cups using the punches of the iron-based hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with a 3% volume fraction of constant mix (20% ZrO2 and 80% Al2O3) by means of powder metallurgy. After realizing the best hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) from a set of five samples that can be used to manufacture a punch nose, the effects of the punch nose radius on the drawing force, forming energy, cup surface roughness, cup thickness, and cup height were evaluated and compared with those of steel. The results indicate that the drawing force decreases as the punch nose radius increases at the zero blank holder angle (BHA). The drawing force of the hybrid MMC’s punch nose is less than that of the steel DIN 1006-02 by 5% as a result of the radius of the punch nose effects. Therefore, the forming energy is decreased when the punch nose radius increases, and the lowest energy is obtained when the punch nose radius is 12 mm and BHA = 4°. The effect of the radius of the punch nose on cup height is the same as the effects on cup thickness, with the same advantages of the hybrid MMCs over DIN 1006-02 steel punch nose materials.
Fibrinogen-Based Bioink for Application in Skin Equivalent 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Cavallo Aida , Al Kayal Tamer , Mero Angelica , Mezzetta Andrea , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Soldani Giorgio , Losi Paola
Published: September 2023

Three-dimensional bioprinting has emerged as an attractive technology due to its ability to mimic native tissue architecture using different cell types and biomaterials. Nowadays, cell-laden bioink development or skin tissue equivalents are still at an early stage. The aim of the study is to propose a bioink to be used in skin bioprinting based on a blend of fibrinogen and alginate to form a hydrogel by enzymatic polymerization with thrombin and by ionic crosslinking with divalent calcium ions. The biomaterial ink formulation, composed of 30 mg/mL of fibrinogen, 6% of alginate, and 25 mM of CaCl2, was characterized in terms of homogeneity, rheological properties, printability, mechanical properties, degradation rate, water uptake, and biocompatibility by the indirect method using L929 mouse fibroblasts. The proposed bioink is a homogeneous blend with a shear thinning behavior, excellent printability, adequate mechanical stiffness, porosity, biodegradability, and water uptake, and it is in vitro biocompatible. The fibrinogen-based bioink was used for the 3D bioprinting of the dermal layer of the skin equivalent. Three different normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) densities were tested, and better results in terms of viability, spreading, and proliferation were obtained with 4 × 106 cell/mL. The skin equivalent was bioprinted, adding human keratinocytes (HaCaT) through bioprinting on the top surface of the dermal layer. A skin equivalent stained by live/dead and histological analysis immediately after printing and at days 7 and 14 of culture showed a tissuelike structure with two distinct layers characterized by the presence of viable and proliferating cells. This bioprinted skin equivalent showed a similar native skin architecture, paving the way for its use as a skin substitute for wound healing applications.
Understanding Physical Activity Behavior in Ghanaian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Amin Mohammed , Kerr Debra , Atiase Yacoba , Yakub Yusif , Driscoll Andrea
Published: September 2023

Despite a relatively low prevalence rate, sub-Saharan Africa bears a substantial diabetes burden. Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, PA levels among this population remain suboptimal. This study aimed to explore patients’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to PA participation among Ghanaian adults with T2DM. Thirteen adults with T2DM were recruited from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana, for this qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two overarching themes (personal factors and socio-structural factors) and 10 sub-themes relating to PA barriers and facilitators were identified. Participants had limited awareness of the recommended PA guidelines for T2DM management. Chronic illness-related factors hindered exercise participation. Difficulty differentiating between PA and exercise impeded the achievement of PA targets. Socio-structural barriers include concerns about social ridicule or embarrassment, safety during outdoor activities, a lack of culturally appropriate exercise facilities, and high social and work demands. Despite these barriers, participants were motivated by their understanding of the health benefits of PA. They emphasized integrating PA into daily routines through walking, work-related tasks, and household chores. Motivation and PA education from healthcare professionals are valued supports in achieving PA targets. Our findings showed that PA behaviour in Ghanaian adults with T2DM is influenced by both personal and external factors. Tailored PA interventions for this population should address identified barriers while leveraging facilitators to implement successful PA programs.
Kinematic Differences Based on Shooting Proficiency and Distance in Female Basketball Players
Authors: Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Cabarkapa Damjana V. , Philipp Nicolas M. , Myers Chloe A. , Whiting Shay M. , Jones Grant T. , Fry Andrew C.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in kinematic characteristics between (a) proficient and non-proficient two-point and three-point shooters, (b) made and missed two-point and three-point shots within a proficient group of shooters, and (c) shots attempted from two-point and three-point shooting distances. Eighteen recreationally active females with previous basketball playing experience attempted 10 two-point (5.10 m) and 10 three-point shots (6.32 m) while facing directly to the basket. To eliminate the possible influence of fatigue, each shot was separated by a 5–10 s rest interval. Participants who made ≥50% of their two-point and ≥40% of their three-point shooting attempts were classified as proficient. A high-definition video camera recording at 30 fps and video analysis software (Kinovea) were used to obtain the kinematic variables of interest during both the preparatory phase (PP) and release phase (RP) of the shooting motion. The results indicate that proficient two-point shooters attained less hip and shoulder flexion during the PP and had greater release height and vertical displacement during the RP. Hip angle differentiated made from missed two-point shots within the proficient group of shooters, with made shots being depicted by less hip flexion. Significantly greater vertical displacement was observed in proficient three-point shooters during the RP. Additionally, the greater elbow and release angles separated made from missed three-point shots within the proficient group of shooters. In response to an increase in shooting distance, hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder angles during the PP all decreased. Moreover, an increase in shooting distance caused a decrease in release angle and an increase in vertical displacement during the RP, while the relative release height remained unchanged.
A Chattering-Suppression Sliding Mode Controller for an Underwater Manipulator Using Time Delay Estimation
Authors: Liu Minghao , Tang Qirong , Li Yinghao , Liu Changhui , Yu Min
Published: September 2023

Underwater manipulators are pivotal in diverse applications, encompassing underwater pipeline repairs, salvage operations, and scientific sampling missions. However, attaining high-precision control mandates the establishment of precise mathematical models. Specifically, developing an accurate dynamic model for the underwater manipulator affixed to underwater robots proves exceptionally demanding, primarily attributed to the uncertainties arising from water currents and the perturbations induced by the vehicle’s motion. This paper presents a novel sliding mode controller with time delay estimation for the high-precision control of an underwater manipulator mounted on an underwater vehicle. The presented controller circumvents the requirement for an exact mathematical model of the underwater manipulator, enhancing its control precision even without detailed modeling information. Moreover, the proposed controller guarantees robustness against uncertain water flow disturbances, effectively preserving the performance of the underwater manipulator under challenging underwater conditions. The proposed controller comprises two key elements. Firstly, a time delay estimator is employed to estimate the system states using feedback from intentional time-delayed control inputs and a pre-designed matrix. Additionally, a specially designed reaching law is incorporated to reduce reaching time and prevent chattering in the sliding mode control. The controller offers several advantages, including easy implementation, insensitivity to model uncertainties, and robustness in the underwater environment. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the ability of the proposed controller to effectively mitigate disturbances, eliminate chattering, and ensure precise trajectory-tracking performance. The experiments are conducted on a fully self-developed 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) underwater manipulator, showcasing the superiority of the proposed controller over other alternatives.
Network Disruptions and Ripple Effects: Queueing Model, Simulation, and Data Analysis of Port Congestion
Authors: Guo Summer , Wang Haoqing , Wang Shuaian
Published: September 2023

Disruptions often happen to ports and cause varying degrees of port congestion. This study employs a queueing model to investigate network disruption and the resultant ripple effects in the global transportation system. We first propose an algorithm to solve the queueing model. Based on the queueing model, we obtain analytical results or propose hypotheses regarding the mechanism under disruptions. We further conduct simulations to examine the analytical results and hypotheses. Three key findings in this study are: (1) disruptions in the small port lead to a longer round-trip time compared to those in the large port; (2) herding behavior in the transportation system causes heavier congestion and also produces more emissions; and (3) major-rare disruptions cause a longer waiting time at both the port under disruption and other ports of call in the transportation system. These insights can help operators understand the mechanism of disruptions and put in place countermeasures.
Regional Algorithm of Quantitative Assessment of Cyanobacteria Blooms in the Eastern Part of the Gulf of Finland Using Satellite Ocean Color Data
Authors: Vazyulya Svetlana , Kopelevich Oleg , Sahling Inna , Kochetkova Ekaterina , Lange Evgenia , Khrapko Alexander , Eremina Tatyana , Glukhovets Dmitry
Published: September 2023

Summer blooms of potentially harmful cyanobacteria are common in the Baltic Sea. Under clear sky conditions, the cyanobacterial blooms are easily detectable from space. We propose a new regional algorithm for cyanobacteria biomass estimation from satellite data in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, developed on the basis of field measurements in July–August 2012–2014. The multi-regression equation defines the cyanobacteria biomass as a function of the particle backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll concentration. The use of this equation provides the best performance in comparison to the linear one, which is reflected in both R2 and RMSE values (0.61 and 272 mg m−3 respectively). Unlike other algorithms, which determine only the cyanobacteria bloom area in the Baltic Sea, our algorithm allows the determination of both a bloom area and its intensity. Considering the algorithm errors, the bloom detection threshold has been shifted from the 200 mg m−3 determined by biologists to 300 mg m−3. Based on data from the MODIS-Aqua satellite ocean color scanner, the spatial and temporal variability of cyanobacterial blooms in this region from 2003 to 2022 was analyzed. Significant interannual variability of cyanobacteria biomass was revealed in the central part of the studied region, with minimum values in 2014 and maximum in 2004. The record bloom during the studied period occurred in July 2004 (the average cyanobacteria biomass was 780 mg m−3). The weakest blooms were observed in 2009, 2010, and 2014, when both in July and August, the bloom areas did not exceed 30% of the study region.
Predictors of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis (P.E.P.) in Choledochal Lithiasis Extraction
Authors: Boicean Adrian , Birlutiu Victoria , Ichim Cristian , Todor Samuel B. , Hasegan Adrian , Bacila Ciprian , Solomon Adelaida , Cristian Adrian , Dura Horatiu
Published: September 2023

In the present era, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) stands out as one of the most commonly occurring complications associated with endoscopic choledochal lithiasis extraction. The ability to predict the occurrence of such an event, particularly by utilizing absolute values and ratio dynamics of the emergency blood tests, constitutes the primary step in effectively managing a patient with a complex pathology. The study involved 134 patients who performed ERCP to extract choledochal lithiasis (n = 48 with PEP and n = 86 without PEP). The results revealed increased risks of post-ERCP pancreatitis in women and lower risks in those who benefited from manipulation of the main bile duct with the Dormia probe and dilatation balloon (OR: 2.893 CI 95%: 1.371–6.105, p = 0.005 and respectively OR: 0.346 CI 95%: 0.156–0.765, p = 0.009), without biliary stent placement. Moreover, the results brought novel elements to the literature, showing that higher values of CRPR (OR: 4.337 CI 95%: 1.945–9.668; p < 0.001), TBIR (4.004 CI 95%: 1.664–9.634; p = 0.002) and NLR post-ERCP (3.281 CI 95%: 1.490–7.221; p = 0.003) are predictive for PEP. Nevertheless, lower total bilirubin levels upon admission are predictive of PEP with an OR of 5.262 (95% confidence interval: 2.111–13.113, p < 0.001).