bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyurea enhances SMN2 gene expression in spinal muscular atrophy cells
Authors: Grzeschik Susanna M. , Ganta Madhuri , Prior Thomas W. , Heavlin William D. , Wang Ching H.
Published: July 2005

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by dysfunction of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. Human SMN gene is present in duplicated copies: SMN1 and SMN2. More than 95% of patients with SMA lack a functional SMN1 but retain at least one copy of SMN2. Unlike SMN1, SMN2 is primarily transcribed into truncated messenger RNA and produces low levels of SMN protein. We tested a therapeutic strategy by treating cultured lymphocytes from patients with SMA with hydroxyurea to modify SMN2 gene expression and to increase the production of SMN protein. Twenty lymphoblastoid cell lines (15 SMA and 5 control lines) were treated with hydroxyurea at 5 concentrations (0.5, 5, 50, 500, and 5,000μg/ml) and 3 time points (24, 48, and 72 hours). SMN2 gene copy numbers were determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hydroxyurea treatment resulted in a time‐related and dose‐dependent increase in the ratio of full‐length to truncated SMN messenger RNA. SMN protein levels and intranuclear gems also were significantly increased in these hydroxyurea‐treated cells. The SMN2 gene copy number correlated inversely with the SMA phenotypic severity. This study provides the first evidence for a therapeutic indication of hydroxyurea in SMA. Ann Neurol 2005;58:194–202
Protection with estradiol in developmental models of apoptotic neurodegeneration
Authors: Asimiadou Stiliani , Bittigau Petra , Felderhoff‐Mueser Ursula , Manthey Daniela , Sifringer Marco , Pesditschek Stefanie , Dzietko Mark , Kaindl Angela M. , Pytel Maria , Studniarczyk Dorota , Mozrzymas Jerzy W. , Ikonomidou Chrysanthy
Published: July 2005

Medical measures that bear no known danger for the adult brain may trigger active neuronal death in the developing brain. Pharmacological blockade of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate or activation of GABAA receptors, blockade of voltage‐dependent sodium channels, and oxygen induce widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration during the period of rapid brain growth in rodents. Because such measures are often necessary in critically ill infants and toddlers, search for adjunctive neuroprotective strategies is warranted. We report that 17β‐estradiol ameliorates neurotoxicity of drugs that block N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors, activate GABAA receptors, or block voltage‐gated sodium channels and reduces neurotoxicity of oxygen in the infant rat brain. This neuroprotective effect is reversed by tamoxifen and cannot be reproduced by 17α‐estradiol. 17β‐Estradiol did not affect GABAA or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate currents in hippocampal neuronal cultures, indicating that direct modulation of neurotransmitter receptor/channel properties by this compound cannot explain neuroprotective effect. 17β‐Estradiol did, however, increase levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT, suggesting that activation of these prosurvival proteins may represent one mechanism for its neuroprotective action. 17β‐Estradiol and related compounds may be neuroprotective agents suitable for use in critically ill infants and toddlers. Its supplementation may particularly help to improve neurocognitive outcome in preterm infants who are prematurely deprived of maternal estrogen. Ann Neurol 2005;58:266–276
Positron emission tomography after fetal transplantation in Huntington's disease
Authors: Furtado Sarah , Sossi Vesna , Hauser Roberta A. , Samii Ali , Schulzer Michael , Murphy Colleen B. , Freeman Thomas B. , Stoessl A. Jon
Published: July 2005

H untington's disease (HD) is a progressive disorder with no known cure. We report two‐year postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) data from 7 HD patients who underwent intrastriatal fetal transplantation. Patients showed widespread reductions in glucose uptake with no significant change over 2 years. Dopamine receptor binding was significantly reduced in HD striatum. D1 binding did not change significantly following transplantation, but there was a significant loss of D2 binding. These findings may reflect loss of graft viability and/or disease progression. There was no significant relationship between changes in PET and clinical function. In summary, there was no benefit from transplantation. Ann Neurol 2005;58:331–337
Preparation, characterization, and composites from low formaldehyde emission urea–formaldehyde–casein copolymer
Authors: Raval D. K. , Narola B. N. , Patel A. J.
Published: July 2005

A modified urea–formaldehyde resin was synthesized by the condensation of urea and formaldehyde in the presence of varying proportions of casein up to 25% (w/w) of urea under alkaline conditions. All the prepared resins were characterized by free‐formaldehyde content, viscosity measurements, and number‐average molecular weight determination by vapor pressure osmometry and IR spectroscopy. Their curing kinetics were studied isothermally and by differential scanning calorimetry on dynamic runs. The resin samples were cured isothermally at 60, 80, and 100°C using ammonium chloride and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as curing agents. The isothermal curing study was also performed with hexamine at 120°C. Cured resins were characterized by IR and thermogravimetric analysis. The resin samples were employed for the fabrication of glass fiber and jute fiber reinforced composites by maintaining 2 : 3 and 3 : 2 proportions of resin/reinforcement, respectively. The prepared composites were tested for their mechanical properties and resistance toward various chemicals. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 531–537, 2005
Effect of guar‐gum treatment on mechanical properties of vinylester resin matrix composites reinforced with jute yarns
Authors: Ray Dipa , Rana A. K. , Bose N. R. , Sengupta S. P.
Published: July 2005

The focus of this work was to use an inexpensive and easily available water‐soluble natural resin like guar gum as a surface treating agent for jute yarns and to study their effect on the mechanical properties of the treated jute yarn reinforced vinylester resin matrix composites. Jute yarns were treated with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% guar gum solution at room temperature for 30 min. The composites were fabricated with the untreated and treated yarns and the vinylester resin having 36 wt % fiber loading. Maximum improvement was observed in the 0.2% guar‐gum treated, jute yarn reinforced composites. The flexural modulus and flexural strength improved by 23.85 and 7.7%, respectively, for the 0.2% treated composites. The fracture behavior of the composites differed considerably, depending on the concentration of guar gum that was used. The experimental results gave a positive indication that simple ecofriendly chemicals like guar gum can be used effectively as surface treating agents of jute yarns for enhancement of the mechanical properties of the jute composites and can be a success from the technocommercial point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 557–563, 2005
Adsorption of metal cations by water‐soluble N‐alkylated disaccharide chitosan derivatives
Authors: Yang Tsui‐Chu , Li Chin‐Fung , Chou Shin‐Shou , Chou Cheng‐Chun
Published: July 2005

In the present study, the metal‐adsorption ability of various water‐soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by N‐alkylation of chitosan with maltose, cellobiose, or lactose and with various degrees of substitution (DS) was first determined and compared with the native chitosan. The effects of the pH and reaction time on the metal‐adsorption ability and the selective metal adsorption of the disaccharide chitosan derivatives with a DS of 30–40% were further examined. Results revealed that the metal‐adsorption ability of chitosan was enhanced after N‐alkylation with the disaccharides tested and with certain DS values. All the N‐alkylated disaccharide derivatives and the native chitosan exhibited the highest adsorption for Pb2+ and the lowest adsorption ability for Mg2+ among all the metal ions that were tested. The DS with disaccharide affects the metal‐adsorption ability of the tested chitosan derivatives. In general, the adsorption ability of these chitosan derivatives for Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Mg2+ decreased whereas the adsorption ability for Ca2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ increased upon increasing the DS. Further study with disaccharide chitosan derivatives with 30–40% DS also revealed that the adsorption of Zn2+ and Pb2+ by these chitosan derivatives was a fairly rapid process. The Zn2+ and Pb2+ adsorption ability of these derivatives generally increased as the pH increased. These disaccharide chitosan derivatives also displayed the best selective adsorption for Pb2+ in mixed solutions with Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 564–570, 2005
Dielectric spectroscopy and relaxation phenomena of moistened and dry polysaccharides
Authors: Shinouda H. G. , Moteleb M. M. Abdel
Published: July 2005

The effect of hydration on the dielectric constant

and loss factor tan δ of viscose hydrocellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and dextran was studied in a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. The results obtained reveal that (1) whereas hydration shows little effect on the variation with temperature of both
and tan δ of hydrocellulose, the presence of adsorbed water significantly modifies the dielectric behavior of the other two samples; (2) only one relaxation denoted as γ‐process is observed in the case of hydrocellulose sample irrespective of its moisture content; (3) two absorption peaks are recorded with moistened hydroxypropyl cellulose and dextran specimens, one below room temperature denoted as β‐process and a dispersion loss at high temperature; and (4) after drying of these samples, the dispersion loss peak disappears, the β‐peak diminishes, and the γ‐peak, which is hidden behind the sizable β‐peak, is observed and that, although with increasing frequency, the former peak disappears, the intensity of the latter one increases. The analysis of these results in view of the chemical and the fine structure of the test samples as well as the calculated activation energy indicates that the γ‐ and β‐relaxations recorded are of different natures. The satisfactory interpretation given clarifies to a great extent the contradictions reported in the literature concerning the relaxation phenomena in polysaccharides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 571–582, 2005
Water‐soluble conductive blends of polyaniline and poly(vinyl alcohol) synthesized by two emulsion pathways
Authors: Swapna Palle , Subrahmanya Rao S. , Sathyanarayana D. N.
Published: July 2005

Water‐soluble, electrically conductive polyaniline (PANI)–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends of different compositions (10, 30, 50, and 70 w/w) were synthesized by emulsion and inverted emulsion methods with ammonium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide as the oxidants, respectively, with PANI protonated with sulfosalicylic acid. The absorption, Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform Raman, NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies suggested chemical interaction between PANI and PVA. The morphology of the blends depended on the method of synthesis as observed from scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and particle size measurements. The blends showed relatively improved mechanical strengths but had lower degradation temperatures than the PANI salt and displayed conductivities as high as 10−2 to 10−1 S/cm. The blends synthesized by the inverse emulsion method had smaller particle sizes, higher crystallinities, and better mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 583–590, 2005
Effect of fatty acids on the strain‐induced crystallization of natural rubber detected by tear energy measurements
Authors: Kawazura Tetsuji , Kawahara Seiichi , Isono Yoshinobu
Published: July 2005

The strain‐induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR) was investigated by the measurement of the tear energy of a crosslinked blend consisting of NR and noncrystalline styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). When NR was dispersed into the SBR matrix, the tear energy of SBR increased at various temperatures and tear rates. After the application of the principle of time–temperature superposition to the tear energy according to the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation, two distinct curves were found for the NR/SBR blend with respect to the reduced tear rate, despite the fact that the tear energy of SBR or the SBR/SBR blend gave its own single composite curve. When the fatty acid in the NR/SBR blend was removed by acetone extraction, the tear energy of the blend drew a single composite curve. The conversion of the two curves into the single composite curve for the NR/SBR blend suggested that the tear energy depended on the strain‐induced crystallization of NR dispersed in the SBR matrix, which was suppressed by the removal of the fatty acid. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 613–619, 2005
Effect of the structure on the morphology and spherulitic growth kinetics of polyolefin in‐reactor alloys
Authors: Xu Jun‐Ting , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Wang Xian‐Ping , Geng Jun‐Sheng , Fan Zhi‐Qiang
Published: July 2005

Four polyolefin in‐reactor alloys with different compositions and structures were prepared by sequential polymerization. All the alloys were fractionated into five fractions: a random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (25°C fraction), an ethylene–propylene segmented copolymer (90°C fraction), an ethylene homopolymer (110°C fraction), an ethylene–propylene block copolymer (120°C fraction), and a propylene homopolymer plus a minor ethylene homopolymer of high molecular weight (>120°C fraction). The effect of the structure on the morphology and spherulitic growth kinetics of the polypropylene (PP) component in the alloys was investigated. The polyolefin alloys containing a suitable block copolymer fraction and a larger amount of PP had a more homogeneous morphology, and the crystalline particles were smaller. Quenching the polyolefin alloys led to smaller crystallites and a more homogeneous morphology as well. Isothermal crystallization was carried out above the melting temperature of polyethylene, and the growth of PP spherulites was monitored with polarized optical microscopy with a hot stage. The alloys with higher propylene contents exhibited a faster spherulitic growth rate. The fold surface free energy was derived, and it was found that a large amount of block copolymer fractions and random copolymer fractions could reduce the fold surface free energy. The structure of the alloys also affected the crystallization regime of PP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 632–638, 2005
Physical and mechanical characterization of jute fabric composites
Authors: Acha Betiana A. , Marcovich Norma E. , Reboredo María M.
Published: July 2005

As‐received and washed jute fabrics were used as reinforcement for a thermoset resin. The mild treatments performed on the jute fabrics did not significantly affect their physical and thermal behaviors. The washed fibers absorbed less water than the unmodified (as received) ones, indicating that the coating used to form the fabrics was hygroscopic. Measurements of the fiber mechanical properties showed a high dispersion due to fiber irregularities, although the values obtained were in agreement with data reported in the literature. These results were also analyzed with the Weibull method. To investigate the effect of the jute treatments on the interface properties, impact, compression, and tensile tests were carried out. The composites made from as‐received jute had the highest impact energy, which was probably associated with weak interfacial adhesion. Composite samples behaved more ductilely in compression than in tensile situations due to the brittle characteristics of the resin used as matrix. The effect of the orientation of the fibers with respect to the direction of the applied force in the different mechanical tests was also studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 639–650, 2005
Preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic chitosan microspheres: Application as a support for the immobilization of tyrosinase
Authors: Peniche H. , Osorio A. , Acosta N. , de la Campa A. , Peniche C.
Published: July 2005

Superparamagnetic chitosan microspheres were prepared by a water‐in‐oil suspension‐crosslinking technique. To this end, magnetite particles were dispersed in a chitosan solution in acetic acid. The dispersion was added to toluene containing Span 20 as a surfactant with stirring. Chitosan solution droplets were hardened with glutaraldehyde. The magnetic chitosan microspheres obtained were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and vibrational magnetometry. The microspheres had a wide size distribution, ranging from 43 ± 25 to 255 ± 55 μm, that depended on the reaction conditions. The mean particle size decreased with an increase in the concentration of Span 20 or the amount of glutaraldehyde and with the addition of NaCl. However, a major size reduction was achieved by an increase in the stirring rate. Tyrosinase was immobilized on the microspheres. The immobilized enzyme retained 70% of its activity, as determined by the capacity to degrade phenolic compounds. The immobilized tyrosinase resulted in greater stability than the free enzyme. In addition, the enzyme maintained 65% of its phenol oxidation activity after 10 cycles of reuse. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 651–657, 2005
Miscibility and complexation behavior in poly(ethyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid), poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]/poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid), and poly{styrene‐co‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate]}/poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) systems
Authors: Abdellaoui N. , Djadoun S.
Published: July 2005

This contribution presents a study of the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) containing 22 mol % methacrylic acid (SMA‐22) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PMAD), or poly{styrene‐co‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]} containing 3, 12, or 21 mol % 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (SMAD‐3, SMAD‐12, or SMAD‐21) by viscometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of the analysis of DSC thermograms and viscometric measurements, polymer miscibility was observed with the PEMA/SMA‐22 system. This miscibility was due to hydrogen‐bonding specific interactions between carbonyl groups of PEMA and carboxylic groups of SMA‐22. The SMAD‐3/SMA‐22 system was immiscible, whereas complexation was observed with PMAD/SMA‐22, SMAD‐21/SMA‐22, and SMAD‐12/SMA‐22 mixtures in butan‐2‐one. This complexation was due to stronger interactions between poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) and the 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate groups of PMAD or SMAD copolymers, as evidenced by viscometry and DSC. A similar phenomenon was observed for PMAD/SMA‐22 and SMAD‐21/SMA‐22 mixtures in tetrahydrofuran. For the SMAD‐12/SMA‐22 system in this solvent, such behavior was noted only in the presence of an excess of the copolymer SMAD‐12. This study showed that the minimum amount of interacting species required for the interpolymer complexation was higher in tetrahydrofuran than in butan‐2‐one. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 658–664, 2005
Static and dynamic mechanical properties of a kenaf fiber–wood flour/polypropylene hybrid composite
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi
Published: July 2005

A natural fiber hybrid composite containing equal proportions of kenaf fibers (KFs) and wood flour (WF) as the reinforcements and polypropylene (PP) as the polymer matrix was prepared, and its static and dynamic mechanical properties were compared with KF/PP and WF/PP composites. Static tensile and flexural tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were carried out. The hybrid composite exhibited tensile and flexural moduli and strength values closer to those of the KF composite, which indicated a higher reinforcing efficiency of KFs compared with WF. DMA revealed that although the glass‐transition temperature remained unchanged by the replacement of half of the WF by KFs, the α‐transition temperature of the hybrid composite was identical to that of WF composite. The magnitudes of both the α and β (glass) transitions of the hybrid composite were comparable to that of the WF/PP composite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 665–672, 2005
Short‐beam three‐point bend test study in syntactic foam. Part III: Effects of interface modification on strength and fractographic features
Authors: Kishore  , Shankar Ravi , Sankaran S.
Published: July 2005

Syntactic foam slabs having uncoated microballoons and paraffin oil surface‐treated microballoons were fabricated and tested for short‐beam three‐point bend test. The work points to the role of paraffin oil coating first weakening the interface between the microballoons and the matrix and hence lowering the efficiency of load transfer from matrix to the fillers (i.e., microballoons). This led to an overall decrement of 71% in the experimentally measured strength value compared to the deduced value for uncoated microballoons' specimens. The large strengths for uncoated microballoons specimens can be traced to the presence of the curvilinear marks in the matrix that, incidentally, are absent in the case of paraffin oil coated specimens. These observations are revealed distinctly in the microscopy of test‐failed specimens. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 687–693, 2005
Influence of type of compatibilizer on the rheological and mechanical behavior of LCP/TP blends under different stationary and nonstationary shear conditions
Authors: Filipe Susana , Maia João M. , Duarte Ana , Leal Catarina R. , Cidade Maria T.
Published: July 2005

The addition of small amounts of liquid‐crystalline polymers to thermoplastics leads to the formation of in situ–reinforced materials, with improved processability and mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the lack of adhesion between the thermoplastic and the liquid‐crystalline polymer often occurs, thus requiring the use of compatibilizers. In this case, the results of several previous works show that there is an improvement of strength, usually accompanied by a decrease of toughness and, thus, the interest of LCP/TP blends for industrial applications will certainly increase if both strength and toughness are obtained. Additionally, the emphasis of previous studies has been on the evaluation of the properties of the blend under stationary conditions and not under non‐stationary ones, which are, in fact, those most relevant to processing sequences. Thus, the present work focuses on the influence of type of compatibilizer on the mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene/LCP blends under nonstationary conditions. In terms of mechanical properties, the traditional increase of tensile strength was obtained for all compatibilizers, which was essentially due to the formation, during processing, of thinner and longer fibrils of LCP dispersed in the matrix than those observed for the noncompatibilized blends. Additionally, an improvement of the impact strength and flexural modulus was also observed for the blend in which a compatibilizer with an elastomeric nature was used. Rheologically, the experiments most sensitive to the structure were those performed in transient shear, with an increase of the transient stress (in the form of an overshoot) of different magnitudes being observed for the different compatibilizers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 694–703, 2005
Semisynthesis of human ghrelin: Condensation of a Boc‐protected recombinant peptide with a synthetic O‐acylated fragment
Authors: Makino Tomohiro , Matsumoto Masaru , Suzuki Yuji , Kitajima Yasuo , Yamamoto Katsuhiko , Kuramoto Masashi , Minamitake Yoshiharu , Kangawa Kenji , Yabuta Masayuki
Published: July 2005

The creation of peptide using a combination of recombinant expression and chemical synthesis can be a powerful tool for the production of a wide variety of polypeptides modified by phosphorylation, glycosylation, etc. We have developed a new method for the preparation of a recombinant peptide with a free Nα‐amino group and protected Nε‐amino groups, and have used this method in the semisynthesis of human ghrelin. Ghrelin, a natural ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is a 28‐residue peptide with an essential n‐octanoyl modification on Ser3. A 7‐residue N‐terminal fragment of ghrelin containing the octanoyl modification was prepared by Fmoc chemistry. In the preparation of it, all reactions were performed on the 2‐chlorotrityl resin. Additionally, TBDMS and tBu turned out to be the most effective protection groups for the Ser3 and the Ser2, Ser6, respectively. For preparation of a 21‐residue C‐terminal fragment, we established a two‐step protease processing method for the partially protected segment. A recombinant precursor peptide was Boc protected and subsequently cleaved using two distinct proteases, OmpT and Kex2. The peptides were then coupled to each other and, after deprotection, resulted in fully active human ghrelin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 238–247, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The Breakdown of the Minimum Polarizability Principle in Vibrational Motions as an Indicator of the Most Aromatic Center
Authors: Torrent‐Sucarrat Miquel , Luis Josep M. , Solà Miquel
Published: July 2005

The vibrational motions that disobey the minimum polarizability principle (MPP) in π‐conjugated molecules are distortions of the equilibrium geometry that produce a reduction in the polarizability due to the localization of π electrons. For aromatic species, this electronic localization is responsible for the subsequent reduction in the aromaticity of the system. In the present work, we diagonalize the Hessian matrix of the polarizability with respect to the vibrational nontotally symmetric normal coordinates, to calculate the nontotally symmetric distortions that produce the maximum breakdown of the MPP in a series of twenty polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that the nuclear displacements that break the MPP have larger components in those rings that possess the highest local aromaticity. Thus, these vibrational motions can be used as an indicator of local aromaticity.
Mono‐ and Dinuclear Bioxazoline–Palladium Complexes for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of CO/Styrene Polyketones
Authors: Scarel Alessandro , Durand Jérôme , Franchi Davide , Zangrando Ennio , Mestroni Giovanni , Carfagna Carla , Mosca Luca , Seraglia Roberta , Consiglio Giambattista , Milani Barbara
Published: July 2005

The coordination chemistry of the chiral bioxazoline ligand (4S,4′S)‐2,2′‐bis(4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazole) to PdII provides evidence that the ligand bonding can occur either through chelation of one PdII ion leading to a mononuclear species with the expected cis geometry, or by double bridging of two PdII ions giving a dinuclear complex with trans geometry. The species in solution are identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both the mononuclear and the dinuclear complexes promote the CO/styrene copolymerization, yielding the corresponding polyketone with a fully or a predominantly isotactic microstructure, depending on the reaction medium. The nature of the anion present in the palladium precatalysts affects the polyketone stereochemistry. MALDI‐TOF analysis of the copolymers synthesized reveals the presence of p‐hydroxyphenolic end‐groups, thus confirming and explaining the role of 1,4‐hydroquinone as a molecular weight regulator.
Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Multistimuli‐Responsive Microspheres with Fluorescence‐Labeled Magnetic Cores and Thermoresponsive Shells
Authors: Deng Yonghui , Wang Changchun , Shen Xizhong , Yang Wuli , Jin Lan , Gao Hong , Fu Shoukuan
Published: July 2005

Novel functional microspheres with multistimuli‐responsive properties have been prepared and characterized. The as‐prepared microspheres respond to an external magnetic field, environmental temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. The in vitro drug‐loading efficiency and drug‐release behavior of these microspheres demonstrated that they could be used as drug carriers for drug controlled release. The results of in vivo distribution investigations of these microspheres showed that they exhibit a high magnetic‐targeting effect, which holds promise for applications in various fields such as magnetic drug targeting and tissue labeling, among others.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Sm2Ba4Cu2O9.
Authors: Schuepp Barbara , Wende Christian
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structures of Compounds in the Pseudobinary System Gd5Ge4—La5Ge4.
Authors: Yang H. F. , Rao G. H. , Liu G. Y. , Ouyang Z. W. , Liu W. F. , Feng X. M. , Chu W. G. , Liang J. K.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cubic LiV2Sn and Trigonal Li11V3Sn4: The First Ternary Compounds in the Li—V—Sn System.
Authors: Azarska O. , Pavlyuk V.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zero Thermal Expansion in YbGaGe due to an Electronic Valence Transition.
Authors: Salvador James R. , Guo Fu , Hogan Tim , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermoelectric Properties and Electronic Structure of CoSb3 Doped with Se and Te.
Authors: Wojciechowski K. T. , Tobola J. , Leszczynski J.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of Single Crystalline Mn4Si7.
Authors: Gottlieb U. , Sulpice A. , Lambert‐Andron B. , Laborde O.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Structures of LnNixSn2 (Ln: Tb, Ho) Compounds.
Authors: Gil A. , Penc B. , Baran S. , Hernandez‐Velasco J. , Szytula A. , Zygmunt A.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Vapour Deposited Thin Films of the Heusler Alloy Ni2MnIn.
Authors: Kurfiss M. , Anton R.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Analytical and Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry of the Hydrolysis of Hexafluoropnictate Ions, PnF‐6 (Pn: P, As, Sb, Bi).
Authors: Ponikvar M. , Zemva B. , Liebman J. F.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flux Growth of YB4 Crystals and Their Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Otani Shigeki , Xuan Yi , Yajima Yoshiyuki , Mori Takao
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cs2Pt: A Platinide(‐II) Exhibiting Complete Charge Separation.
Authors: Karpov Andrey , Nuss Juergen , Wedig Ulrich , Jansen Martin
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid Racemization of Chiral Non‐Racemic sec‐Alcohols Catalyzed by (η5‐C5Me5)Ru Complexes Bearing Tertiary Phosphine—Primary Amine Chelate Ligands.
Authors: Ito Masato , Osaku Akihide , Kitahara Sachiko , Hirakawa Makoto , Ikariya Takao
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immobilization and Reuse of Pd Complexes in Ionic Liquid: Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination and Michael Reactions with β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Hamashima Yoshitaka , Takano Hisashi , Hotta Daido , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantio‐, Regio‐, and Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic α‐Diketones by Baker′s Yeast.
Authors: Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Mohammadi Hussin G.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation of Cycloheptyne During the Solvolysis of Cyclohexylidenemethyliodonium Salt in the Presence of Base.
Authors: Fujita Morifumi , Ihara Kenji , Kim Wan Hyeok , Okuyama Tadashi
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Radical Homoallylation Reactions.
Authors: Ouvry Gilles , Zard Samir Z.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Method for the Synthesis of Bishydroperoxides Based on a Reaction of Ketals with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride Complexes.
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Kutkin Alexander V. , Platonov Maxim M. , Ogibin Yuri N. , Nikishin Gennady I.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convenient Transformation of Thiocarbonyl to Carbonyl Group Using Benzyltriphenylphosphonium and n‐Butyltriphenylphosphonium Peroxodisulfates.
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Sadeghi Majid M. M. , Esmayilpour Karim
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of Alkenes with Aldehyde/Oxone®.
Authors: Bez Ghanashyam , Zhao Cong‐Gui
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Efficient Method for Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones with NaBH4 in the Presence of Dowex1‐x8.
Authors: Zeynizadeh Behzad , Shirini Farhad
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Dioxane under KOH: Assistance of Cannizzaro Reaction.
Authors: Kim Bok Tae , Cho Chan Sik , Kim Tae‐Jeong , Shim Sang Chul
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mn(III) Acetate‐Mediated Regioselective Benzylation of Various α,β‐Unsaturated and β‐Alkoxy‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Tanyeli Cihangir , Oezdemirhan Devrim
Published: July 2005

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Imidazolylidene Carbene Ligated Palladium Catalysis of the Heck Reaction in the Presence of Air.
Authors: Liu Jingping , Zhao Yuanhong , Zhou Yongyun , Li Liang , Zhang Tony Y. , Zhang Hongbin
Published: July 2005

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Carbamoylimidazolium Salts as Diversification Reagents: An Application to the Synthesis of Tertiary Amides from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Grzyb Justyna A. , Batey Robert A.
Published: July 2005

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Stereoselective Preparation of Functionalized Unsaturated Lactones and Esters via Functionalized Magnesium Carbenoids.
Authors: Vu Viet Anh , Marek Ilan , Knochel Paul
Published: July 2005

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Development and Application of a New General Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of syn‐ and anti‐1,3‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Kochi Takuya , Tang Tony P. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: July 2005

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Self‐Condensation of Activated Malonic Acid Half Esters: A Model for the Decarboxylative Claisen Condensation in Polyketide Biosynthesis.
Authors: Ryu Youngha , Scott A. Ian
Published: July 2005

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A Novel Synthesis of 2,4,4‐Trisubstituted 2‐Cyclopentenones by Consecutive Reaction of 1‐Chlorovinyl p‐Tolyl Sulfoxides with Acetonitrile and Its Homologues.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Wakasugi Daisuke
Published: July 2005

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Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Allenes with Activated Ketone.
Authors: Xu Bo , Shi Min
Published: July 2005

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Facile Syntheses of Various Per‐ or Polyfluoroalkylated Internal Acetylene Derivatives.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Chae Jungha , Kanda Masashi , Nagai Go , Tamura Kazushige , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: July 2005

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Photochemical DNA Cleavage by a Berenil Analogue.
Authors: Burr Sally J. , Mselati Abdulghani , Thomas Emrys W.
Published: July 2005

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Catalytic Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Alkoxybenzenes Mediated by Aluminum Hydrogensulfate in Solution and Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Khodaei Mohammad Mehdi , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Sirouszadeh Sara
Published: July 2005

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Alkynyl Sulfides as Dienophiles in Cobalt‐Catalyzed Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Lueers Steffen
Published: July 2005

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The Role of Palladium Catalyst and Base in Stereoselective Transformations of (E)‐2‐Chlorovinylsulfides.
Authors: Rubina Kira , Abele Edgars , Arsenyan Pavel , Fleisher Mendel , Popelis Juris , Gaukhman Alexander , Lukevics Edmunds
Published: July 2005

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Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Benzylic Halides with Arylboronic Acids in the Presence of a Tetraphosphine/Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Chahen Ludovic , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of trans‐Stilbenes Utilizing Decarbonylation of α‐Chloro Chloroformates Mediated by Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: Li Zhifang , Zhang Yongmin
Published: July 2005

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A Comparison of Palladium Complexes of BINAP and Diphenylphosphinooxazoline Ligands in the Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐Decalins.
Authors: Kiely Denis , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: July 2005

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Expanding Organoboron Chemistry: Epoxidation of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Ribagorda Maria
Published: July 2005

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Anodic Partial Fluorination of Organic Compounds. Part 69. Anodic Fluorination of 3‐Substituted Benzofurans. Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro‐ and 2,3‐Difluoro‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: July 2005

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Photochemistry of Stilbenyl‐Pyrroles: A New Approach to Indole and Isoindole Derivatives.
Authors: Basaric Nikola , Marinic Zeljko , Sindler‐Kulyk Marija
Published: July 2005

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Aminopyrazole Oligomers for β‐Sheet Stabilization of Peptides.
Authors: Rzepecki P. , Wehner M. , Molt O. , Zadmard R. , Harms K. , Schrader T.
Published: July 2005

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A Facile and Rapid Method for the Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolyl Thiosemicarbazones.
Authors: Liu Ying , Ren Jun , Jin Gui‐Yu
Published: July 2005

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1‐Benzyloxy‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl‐amines, a Novel Class of NR1/2B Subtype Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Alanine Alexander , Bourson Anne , Buettelmann Bernd , Gill Ramanjit , Heitz Marie‐Paule , Mutel Vincent , Pinard Emmanuel , Trube Gerhard , Wyler Rene
Published: July 2005

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Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ionic Liquid Accelerated Three‐Component Reaction: A Rapid One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐5‐[(Z)‐arylmethylidene]‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Yang De‐Hong , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Chen Song‐Ying , Zheng Qin‐Guo
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Some New Hydrazone Derivatives of 2,6‐Dimethylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole‐5‐carbohydrazide.
Authors: Terzioglu Nalan , Guersoy Aysel
Published: July 2005

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Oxidative Azacyclization of 1‐Monosubstituted Thioureas in Reaction with [Bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes to Form 1,2,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Mamaeva Elena A. , Bakibaev Abdigali A.
Published: July 2005

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Synthetic and Structural Studies on 1,2,4‐Dithiazolidine‐3,5‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Wood Mark E. , Cane‐Honeysett Daniel J. , Dowle Michael D. , Coles Simon J. , Hursthouse Michael B.
Published: July 2005

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Enantioselective Synthesis of Mono‐ and Disubstituted 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans and 5,6‐Dihydropyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Izzo Irene , Del Gaudio Pasquale , Della Monica Carmela , Squitieri Maria , De Riccardis Francesco
Published: July 2005

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One‐Step Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzo[b]pyrans. Molecular and Crystal Structure of 2‐Amino‐3‐(2‐methoxyethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐ (2‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzo[b]pyran.
Authors: Shestopalov A. M. , Emelianova Yu. M. , Nesterov V. N.
Published: July 2005

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New Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Allyl‐4‐nitroalkylpiperidine‐2‐thiones and Their Transformation to Annulated Piperidinones.
Authors: Sosnicki Jacek G.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of New Thiopyridines, Thienopyridines, Pyridothienopyrimidines and Pyranothienopyridines with Anticipated Biological Activity
Authors: Bakhite Etify A. , Abdel‐Rahman Abdu E. , Al‐Taifi Elham A.
Published: July 2005

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One‐Pot Construction 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones Catalyzed by Samarium(III).
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of 1‐Arylmethyl‐3‐(2‐aminopropyl)‐5‐aryl‐6‐methyluracils as Potent GnRH Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Guo Zhiqiang , Zhu Yun‐Fei , Tucci Fabio C. , Gao Yinghong , Struthers R. Scott , Saunders John , Gross Timothy D. , Xie Qiu , Reinhart Greg J. , Chen Chen
Published: July 2005

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Cyclocondensations of β‐Aroylacrylic Acids with Heterocyclic o‐Diamines.
Authors: Kolos Nadezhda , Beryozkina Tatyana , Orlov Valeriy
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 4‐Octyl‐2H‐1,4‐benzo‐thiazin‐3‐ones.
Authors: de M. Guarda Vera L. , Perrissin Monique , Thomasson Francois , Ximenes Eulalia A. , Galdino Suely L. , Pitta Ivan R. , Luu‐Duc Cuong , Barbe Jacques
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies, and Crystal Structure of 3‐(1‐Hydroxyiminoethyl)‐1‐phenyl‐4‐hydro‐1,2,4‐triazine‐5,6‐dione Methanol Solvate.
Authors: Abushamleh Ahmad S. , Shihada Abdel‐Fattah , Weller Frank
Published: July 2005

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Studies on the Peculiarities of Hydrazine Interaction with 2‐Chlor‐4,6‐disubstituted‐1,3,5‐triazines in SN Type Reactions.
Authors: Mikhailichenko S. N. , Chesnyuk A. A. , Dmitriyeva I. G. , Kotlyarov N. S. , Zaplishny V. N.
Published: July 2005

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Structure Activity Studies of a Novel Cytotoxic Benzodiazepine.
Authors: Boitano Anthony , Emal Cory D. , Leonetti Francesco , Blatt Neal B. , Dineen Thomas A. , Ellman Jonathan A. , Roush William R. , Opipari Anthony W. , Glick Garc D.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of New Macrocycles with 2,2′‐Bipyridyl and Polyamine Functions.
Authors: Kanungo B. K. , Baral Minati , Bhattacharya S. , Sahoo Y.
Published: July 2005

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The Stereospecific Preparation of (Z)‐α‐Stannyl‐1‐alkenylphosphonates as Precursors of Stereodefined α‐Substituted Vinylphosphonates.
Authors: Xiong Zheng‐Chang , Huang Xian
Published: July 2005

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Two Novel Sesquiterpenes from the Roots of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata
Authors: Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Chyu Chiou‐Feng
Published: July 2005

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A Unique n‐Propyl Sesquiterpene from Eryngium creticum L. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Ayoub N. A. , Kubeczka K.‐H. , Nawwar M. A. M.
Published: July 2005

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Terpenoids from the Seeds of Artemisia annua.
Authors: Brown Geoffrey D. , Liang Guang‐Yi , Sy Lai‐King
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Menthol‐Based Derivatives as Inhibitors of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1).
Authors: Ye Bin , Zhao Zuchun , et al. et al.
Published: July 2005

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Alternative Procedure for the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Forskolin Precursor.
Authors: Banerjee Ajoy K. , Cabrera Elvia V. , Ng Po S. Poon , Vera William J. , Laya Manuel S.
Published: July 2005

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The Synthesis of 6‐Trifluoroethyl‐L‐lysine: A Method to Introduce Functionality at C‐6 of L‐Lysine.
Authors: Hallinan E. Ann , Dorn Clifford R. , Moore William M. , Jerome Gina M. , Manning Pamela T. , Pitzele Barnett S.
Published: July 2005

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One‐Pot Organocatalytic Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Amino Alcohol Derivatives.
Authors: Cordova Armando
Published: July 2005

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Application of Tandem Ugi Reaction/Ring‐Closing Metathesis in Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsaturated Nine‐Membered Lactams.
Authors: Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Guanti Giuseppe , Riva Renata
Published: July 2005

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2′‐(2,3‐Dihydroxybenzoyloxy)‐7‐ketologanin: A Novel Iridoid Glucoside from the Leaves of Gentiana kurroo
Authors: Kumar V. , Chand R. , Auzi A. , Ikeshiro Y. , Sarker S. D.
Published: July 2005

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ZnCl2‐Catalyzed Ferrier Reaction; Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated 1‐O‐Glucopyranosides of Allylic, Benzylic and Tertiary Alcohols.
Authors: Bettadaiah B. K. , Srinivas P.
Published: July 2005

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Glycidol‐Carbohydrate Hybrids: A New Family of DNA Alkylating Agents.
Authors: Toshima Kazunobu , Okuno Yukiko , Matsumura Shuichi
Published: July 2005

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Approaches to Intramolecular Sialylation. Part 2. Synthesis of per‐O‐Acetylated Thioglycosides of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid Containing an Unprotected Carboxy Group.
Authors: Kononov L. O. , Shpirt A. M. , Ito Y. , Ogawa T.
Published: July 2005

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Catalyst‐Controlled Stereoselective Combinatorial Synthesis.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Rackelmann Nils , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: July 2005

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,6‐Diepicastanospermine from D‐Glucono‐δ‐lactone.
Authors: Jang Ki Chang , Choi Sung Jun , Kim Jin Hyo , Lee Jin Hwan , Lee Byong Won , Park Ki Hun
Published: July 2005

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Total Synthesis of Styelsamine C, a Cytotoxic Fused Tetracyclic Aromatic Alkaloid.
Authors: Nakahara Shinsuke , Kubo Akinori
Published: July 2005

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A Synthetic Approach to Nomofungin/Communesin B.
Authors: Crawley Seth L. , Funk Raymond L.
Published: July 2005

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Isoflavanones from the Allelopathic Aqueous Root Exudate of Desmodium uncinatum.
Authors: Tsanuo Muniru K. , Hassanali Ahmed , Hooper Antony M. , Khan Zeyaur , Kaberia Festus , Pickett John A. , Wadhams Lester J.
Published: July 2005

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Antiallergic Principles from Alpinia galanga: Structural Requirements of Phenylpropanoids for Inhibition of Degranulation and Release of TNF‐α and IL‐4 in RBL‐2H3 Cells.
Authors: Matsuda Hisashi , Morikawa Toshio , Managi Hiromi , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: July 2005

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Convergent Synthesis of trans‐Fused 6/n/6/6 (n = 7, 8) Tetracyclic Ether System via α‐Cyano Ethers.
Authors: Oishi Tohru , Watanabe Koji , Murata Michio
Published: July 2005

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Stereoselective Intramolecular Coupling of Diaroylacetates of (1R,1′R)‐exo,exo′‐3,3′‐Biisoborneol by Oxidation with Br2
Authors: Kise Naoki , Fujimoto Azumi , Moriyama Noriaki , Ueda Nasuo
Published: July 2005

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Direct Synthesis of Se@CdSe Nanocables and CdSe Nanotubes by Reacting Cadmium Salts with Se Nanowires.
Authors: Jiang Xuchuan , Mayers Brian , Herricks Thurston , Xia Younan
Published: July 2005

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