bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posterior tibial nerve schwannoma in a multiple myeloma patient: A case report
Authors: Daniel Michael , Waters David , Chen Chaoyang , Brouyette Nicole
Published: April 2019

We report the case of a 61-year-old man with sharp pain, tender mass at the left lower one-third posterior tibial region. The patient has a 10-year history of multiple myeloma and related chemotherapy. A positron emission tomography computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the suspect of a posterior tibial nerve tumor. En bloc resection of the tumor was performed under guidance of nerve stimulator without resecting nerve trunk. Active nerve was reserved without any neuropathic pain. Histology revealed the presence of a peripheral schwannoma. In conclusion, the tibial nerve schwannoma appeared to be a whole nerve mass, but meticulous dissection showed that this tibial nerve schwannoma was a well-encapsulated tumor and can be separated from the nerve trunk with active nerve fibers reserved. Removal of the tumor made patient free of pain and asymptomatic after surgery. The level of clinical evidence is 4.
Comparing significant prostate cancer detection rates after the introduction of pre-biopsy MRI: turning PROMIS into action
Authors: Johnston Maximilian J , Thorman Hannah , Shah Aarti , Peppercorn Delia , Emara Amr , Scott Karen , Nedas Timothy G , Hindley Richard G
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Basingstoke was a participating centre in the MRC funded PROMIS trial between 2013 and 2015 recruiting 130 patients. In response to a perceived change in prostate biopsy histological grading following the introduction of pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging at our centre, we decided to undertake a retrospective analysis of prostate histology before and after participation in the study.

Methods:

We identified 206 patients in both 2012 and 2016 who had undergone prostate biopsy. We reviewed the type of biopsy performed (transrectal or transperineal), the number of cores sampled, the number of positive cores and the cancer grade. The proportion of men who had pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging was also recorded.

Results:

Although the total numbers undergoing biopsy were equivalent in 2012 and 2016, 37% of all patients undergoing biopsy underwent a transperineal template biopsy in 2012, increasing to 54% in 2016. The overall percentage of positive biopsy results (Gleason score ⩾3+3) increased from 70% to 83.0% (χ2=9.83, P=0.002). While the number of grade group 1 cancers significantly decreased from 63.9% (2012) to 22% (2016), there was a corresponding increase in the number of grade group 3 or higher cancers detected from 11% to 51%. In 2012, 33% of patients had multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging prior to biopsy compared with 90% in 2016. The pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging improved the cancer detection rates for both methods of biopsy sampling.

Conclusion:

Our study has confirmed that the introduction of pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the number of insignificant cancers detected. This overall upgrading of the biopsied population, and the resulting shift towards detecting an increased number of significant cancers, is likely to have a positive impact on treatment allocation and longer-term outcomes for our patients. This effect should be reproducible in other centres.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
PCC0208018 exerts antitumor effects by activating effector T cells
Authors: Ge Minmin , Hu Zhengping , Chen Xiao , Du Guangying , Wang Hongbo , Liu Rumeng , Ye Liang , Tian Jingwei
Published: April 2019

Poor prognosis is associated with melanoma due to immunosuppression profiles, suggesting that immune alterations have an important role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of melanoma. Here, we found that PCC0208018, a small-molecule compound, enhanced T cell proliferation and activation to release interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) without blocking the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) binding and did not directly affect tumor cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, PCC0208018 increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) as well as extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The secretion of cytokines induced by PCC0208018 was significantly suppressed by the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941. In B16-F10 melanoma-harboring mice, PCC0208018 significantly inhibited tumor growth as well as increasing CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T cell abundance in tumors without affecting PD-L1 expression. This study showed that PCC0208018 potentially increased PBMCs proliferation and function by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK pathways to exert antitumor effects.
Comparison of multiple detection methods of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody for the early diagnosis of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia
Authors: Wu Yan , Duan Guikai , Cheng Minggang , Wu Weiqing , Yu Qin , Yu Dapeng
Published: April 2019

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common disease in infants and young children. MPP can also be a potential cause of healthcare-associated pneumonia. However, it is challenging to make an accurate diagnosis in a timely fashion. Our goal is to determine the assay consistencies of acridinium ester chemiluminescence immunoassay (AECLIA) and gelatin particle agglutination (GPA) test for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody. In this study, a total of 1404 children with suspected MPP were enrolled. Among them, 130 were diagnosed as MPP positive by mycoplasma culture, and 186 were negative. MP antibodies were detected by AECLIA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and GPA. Consistency rates, differences among assays, and diagnosis performance were compared for the three methods. The independent χ2 test results of AECLIA and ELISA for the detection of MP-IgG and MP-IgM antibodies were χ2 = 29.210, P < 0.001; χ2 = 9.081, P = 0.017, respectively, suggesting that the two detection methods are well correlated. Similar analyses were done for the comparison of AECLIA and GPA as well as the comparison of ELISA and GPA. The positive rates of these methods agree with epidemiology data and have good consistency. Thus, AECLIA with a much shorter assay time could be a better option for the screening of MPP.
The Impact of the Psychological Contract on Academics
Authors: Sewpersad Romona , Ruggunan Shaun , Adam Jamila K. , Krishna Suresh Babu Naidu
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore how new managerial practices have influenced the psychological contracts of academics at a university of technology. Little is qualitatively known about how new managerial policies shape psychological contracts for academics in higher education. This study adopts a generic qualitative approach that draws on an interpretivist paradigm. A sample of 15 academics was used. In-depth interviewing was the data collection method. Thematic analysis was employed to reduce the interview data into meaningful themes. Three main themes emerge from the interview data: (a) shifts in the nature of the employment relationship, (b) self-monitoring through performance management systems, and (b) the construction of students as clients. These themes also reflect the nuanced influence of new managerial practices on the psychological contract showing that there is a spectrum of positive and negative consequences. New managerialism policies do impact on psychological contract formation, but this can be positive (as a form of organizational learning) or negative (as a form of control and deprofessionalization). The challenge for managers is to design policy toward the positive side of the spectrum. There is limited qualitative work on psychological contracts and new managerialism in higher education, both at a national and international level. Extant work tends to emphasize negative consequences only of new managerial practices, while this study shows that the outcomes for psychological contracts are more complex than simple binary distinctions.
The Instruction of Writing Strategies: The Effect of the Metacognitive Strategy on the Writing Skills of Pupils in Secondary Education
Authors: Cer Erkan
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the “knowledge of cognition” and “regulation of cognition,” which are processes of the metacognitive strategy for improving learners’ writing skills. The working group for the present study, in which a sequential explanatory design was employed, included 44 pupils (21 control, 23 experimental) at a private secondary school. The pupils in the experimental group were instructed in metacognitive strategy-based writing practices, whereas the pupils in the control group were instructed in traditional writing practices. The results revealed that it is necessary to effectively use the metacognitive strategy in learning and teaching to improve writing skills. Further experimental research is recommended to determine, using various scales, whether the metacognitive strategy influences writing skills.
A radiographic analysis of the abnormal hallux interphalangeus angle range: Considerations for surgeons performing Akin osteotomies
Authors: Nguyen Jacqueline K , Sullivan Martin , Alpuerto Bernardino B , Mueller Samuel , Sly Nicole
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

This study is aimed to determine the abnormal radiological hallux interphalangeus angle (HIA) range, which can assist surgeons in determining the required bone resection in an Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

Methods:

Radiographs of 141 feet were analyzed. The mean HIA and range were calculated.

Results:

The prevalence of hallux valgus interphalangeus (HVI) deformity was 78% (110/141). The mean HIA was 13.5° ± 4.5° (1.4–24.4). Fifty percent had abnormal HIA values of 10–15°, 40% had values of 15–20°, and 10% had greater than 20°. A large proportion of patients with HVI deformities may need greater than the standard 2–3-mm bone wedge removal during Akin osteotomy.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence and wide range of HVI deformities should alert surgeons to the possibility that greater than 3-mm bone wedge resections may be required. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Adult Learning Theories in Context: A Quick Guide for Healthcare Professional Educators
Authors: Mukhalalati Banan Abdulrzaq , Taylor Andrea
Published: April 2019

Background:

Adult learning theories play a pivotal role in the design and implementation of education programs, including healthcare professional programs. There is a variation in the use of theories in healthcare professional education programs and this is may be in part due to a lack of understanding of the range of learning theories available and paucity of specific, in-context examples, to help educators in considering alternative theories relevant to their teaching setting. This article seeks to synthesize key learning theories applicable in the learning and teaching of healthcare professionals and to provide examples of their use in context.

Method and results:

A literature review was conducted in 2015 and 2016 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC academic databases. Search terms used identified a range of relevant literature about learning theories, and their utilization in different healthcare professional education programs. The findings were synthesized and presented in a table format, illustrating the learning theory, specific examples from health and medical education, and a very brief critique of the theory.

Outcome:

The literature synthesis provides a quick and easy-to-use summary of key theories and examples of their use to help healthcare professional educators access a wider range of learning theories to inform their instructional strategies, learning objectives, and evaluation approaches. This will ultimately result in educational program enhancement and improvement in student learning experiences.
Preservice Teacher Experiences Implementing Classroom Management Practices Through Mixed-Reality Simulations
Authors: Hudson Melissa E. , Voytecki Karen S. , Owens Tosha L. , Zhang Guili
Published: April 2019

The effects of mixed-reality teaching experiences on participants’ perceptions of their classroom management ability are evaluated using a mixed-methods design. Mursion, a technology that enables virtual simulations, is used. Participants include 29 undergraduates pursuing a degree in special education for learners with mild or moderate/severe disabilities enrolled in a university-level course focused on developing skills in managing the learning environment. Participants teach three different scenarios in the Mursion lab over the semester and complete a 21-statement survey using a 5-point Likert-type scale (i.e., strongly agree–strongly disagree) and reflect about their experience into a video camera. Results indicate that some participant perceptions changed over time because of the Mursion experiences and that the academic program being pursued made no difference in the participants’ Mursion experience. Implications for practice with a focus on rural education and limitations of the study are also discussed.
Acalabrutinib for mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Inwards David
Published: April 2019

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the overexpression of cyclin D1. MCL patients typically live for years but experience multiple relapses. Acalabrutinib is a novel second-generation oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for relapsed MCL based on a clinical trial demonstrating an overall response rate of 81%. It provides a valuable new treatment option for MCL patients and is now being tested upfront.
Practical aspects of working with 2D migrated seismic data
Authors: Herron Donald A. , Smith Timothy E.
Published: April 2019

Despite the ever-increasing use of 3D seismic data in today’s exploration and production activities, 2D seismic data continue to play an important role in the oil and gas industry. Interpretations of 2D regional and megaregional surveys are essential elements of integrated exploration programs, establishing frameworks for basin analysis, structural synthesis, and play fairway identification and mapping. When correlating and mapping horizons on 2D migrated seismic data, interpreters use certain practical techniques for handling structural misties, which are caused by the fundamental limitation of 2D migration to account for out-of-plane components of dip.
Towards an assessment instrument for suffering in patients with psychiatric conditions: assessing cognitive validity
Authors: Verhofstadt Monica , Chambaere Kenneth , Leontjevas Roeslan , Peters Gjalt-Jorn Ygram
Published: April 2019

Background

Unbearable suffering is a key criterion in legally granting patients' euthanasia requests in Belgium yet a generally accepted definition of unbearable suffering remains elusive. The ability to understand and assess unbearable suffering is essential, particularly in patients with psychiatric conditions, as the underlying causes of these conditions are not always apparent. To enable research into when and why suffering experiences incite patients with psychiatric conditions to request euthanasia, and to help explore preventive and curative perspectives, the development of an assessment instrument is needed.

Aims

To improve the cognitive validity of a large initial item pool used to assess the nature and extent of suffering in patients with psychiatric conditions.

Method

Cognitive validity was established via two rounds of cognitive interviews with patients with psychiatric conditions with (n= 9) and without (n= 5) euthanasia requests.

Results

During the first round of cognitive interviews, a variety of issues relating to content, form and language were reported and aspects that were missing were identified. During the second round, the items that had been amended were perceived as sufficiently easily to understand, sensitive to delicate nuances, comprehensive and easy to answer accurately. Neither research topic nor method were perceived as emotionally strenuous, but instead as positive, relevant, comforting and valuable.

Conclusions

This research resulted in an item pool that covers the concept of suffering more adequately and comprehensively. Further research endeavours should examine potential differences in suffering experiences over time and in patients with psychiatric conditions with and without euthanasia requests. The appreciation patients demonstrated regarding their ability to speak extensively and openly about their suffering and wish to die further supports the need to allow patients to speak freely and honestly during consultations.

Declaration of interests

None.
Impact of Essential Medicine Stock Outs on Cancer Therapy Delivery in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Martei Yehoda M. , Grover Surbhi , Bilker Warren B. , Monare Barati , Setlhako Dipho I. , Ralefala Tlotlo B. , Manshimba Patrick , Gross Robert , Shulman Lawrence N. , DeMichele Angela
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Essential cancer medicine stock outs are occurring at an increasing frequency worldwide and represent a potential barrier to delivery of standard therapy in patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of cancer medicine stock outs on delivery of optimal therapy in Botswana.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with common solid tumor malignancies who received systemic cancer therapy in 2016 at Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana. Primary exposure was the duration of cancer medicine stock out during a treatment cycle interval, when the cancer therapy was intended to be administered. Mixed-effects univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the association of the primary exposure, with the primary outcome, suboptimal therapy delivery, defined as any dose reduction, dose delay, missed cycle, or switch in intended therapy.

RESULTS

A total of 378 patients met diagnostic criteria and received systemic chemotherapy in 2016. Of these, 76% received standard regimens consisting of 1,452 cycle intervals and were included in this analysis. Paclitaxel stock out affected the highest proportion of patients. In multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression, each week of any medicine stock out (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.13; P < .001) was independently associated with an increased risk of a suboptimal therapy delivery event.

CONCLUSION

Each week of cancer therapy stock out poses a substantial barrier to receipt of high-quality cancer therapy in low- and middle-income countries. A concerted effort between policymakers and cancer specialists is needed to design implementation strategies to build sustainable systems promoting a reliable supply of cancer medicines.
Association of Glucose Concentrations at Hospital Discharge With Readmissions and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Spanakis Elias K , Umpierrez Guillermo E , Siddiqui Tariq , Zhan Min , Snitker Soren , Fink Jeffrey C , Sorkin John D
Published: April 2019

Context

Low blood glucose concentrations during the discharge day may affect 30-day readmission and posthospital discharge mortality rates.

Objective

To investigate whether patients with diabetes and low glucose values during the last day of hospitalization are at increased risk of readmission or mortality.

Design and Outcomes

Minimum point of care glucose values were collected during the last 24 hours of hospitalization. We used adjusted rates of 30-day readmission rate, 30-, 90-, and 180-day mortality rates, and combined 30-day readmission/mortality rate to identify minimum glucose thresholds above which patients can be safely discharged.

Patients and Setting

Nationwide cohort study including 843,978 admissions of patients with diabetes at the Veteran Affairs hospitals 14 years.

Results

The rate ratios (RRs) increased progressively for all five outcomes as the minimum glucose concentrations progressively decreased below the 90 to 99 mg/dL category, compared with the 100 to 109 mg/dL category: 30-day readmission RR, 1.01 to 1.45; 30-day readmission/mortality RR, 1.01 to 1.71; 30-day mortality RR, 0.99 to 5.82; 90-day mortality RR, 1.01 to 2.40; 180-day mortality RR, 1.03 to 1.91. Patients with diabetes experienced greater 30-day readmission rates, 30-, 90- and 180-day postdischarge mortality rates, and higher combined 30-day readmission/mortality rates, with glucose levels <92.9 mg/dL, <45.2 mg/dL, 65.8 mg/dL, 67.3 mg/dL, and <87.2 mg/dL, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with diabetes who had hypoglycemia or near-normal glucose values during the last day of hospitalization had higher rates of 30-day readmission and postdischarge mortality.
The Role of Genetic Variant rs13266634 in SLC30A8/ZnT8 in Postoperative Hyperglycemia After Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Brunke-Reese Deborah , Ssentongo Paddy , Ssentongo Anna E , Phillips Brett E , Pauli Eric M , Berg Arthur , Kelleher Shannon L , Soybel David I
Published: April 2019

Context

Following major surgery, postoperative hyperglycemia (POHG) is associated with suboptimal outcomes among patients with diabetes and nondiabetic patients. A specific genetic variant, rs13266634 (c.973C>T; p.ARG325TRP) in zinc transporter SLC30A8/ZnT8, is associated with protection against type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggesting it may be actionable for predicting and preventing POHG.

Objective

To determine independent and mediated influences of a genetic variant on POHG in patients undergoing a model major operation, complex ventral hernia repair (cVHR).

Patients and Design

For 110 patients (mean body mass index, 34.9 ± 5.8; T2D history, 28%) undergoing cVHR at a tertiary referral center (January 2012 to March 2017), multivariable regression was used to correlate the rs13266634 variant to preoperative clinical, laboratory, and imaging-based indices of liver steatosis and central abdominal adiposity to POHG. Causal mediation analysis (CMA) was used to determine direct and mediated contributions of SLC30A8/ZnT8 status to POHG.

Results

Variant rs13266634 was present in 61 patients (55.4%). In univariate models, when compared with patients with homozygous wild-type genotype (C/C, n = 49), rs13266634 was associated with significantly lower risks of POHG (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.67; P = 0.0038). Multivariable regression indicated that the association was independent (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.97; P = 0.040). Additionally, CMA suggested that rs13266634 protects against POHG directly and indirectly through its influence on liver steatosis and central adiposity.

Conclusions

In medically complex patients undergoing major operations, the rs13266634 variant protects against POHG and its associated outcomes, through independent and mediated contributions. In C/C patients undergoing major operations, SLC30A8/ZnT8 may prove useful to stratify the risk of POHG and potentially as a therapeutic target.
Nanoarchitectonics: A New Materials Horizon for Prussian Blue and Its Analogues
Authors: Azhar Alowasheeir , Li Yucen , Cai Zexing , Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Hossain Md Shahriar A , Kim Jeonghun , Zhang Wei , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hu Ming
Published: April 2019

Although porous materials based on coordination compounds, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination polymers (PCPs), have well-defined pore structures and promising properties, they can efficiently be prepared by conventional and facile methods. Among coordination compounds, Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA) show high physical/chemical properties and potential as a multifunctional platform for various applications such as information records, sensing, batteries, biomedicine, imaging, and water purification. This review introduces versatile paths for nano- and meso-structural controls and demonstrates strong relationship between nanoarchitectures and properties with regard to PB and PBAs. This review will provide some guidance for future derivations of nanoarchitectonics based on coordination compounds which are PB and PBA.
The theorodokoi inscription from Nemea (SEG 36, 331) and the date of IG IV, 583
Authors: Xydopoulos Ioannis
Published: April 2019

The Argives honored Nicocreon, king of Salamis in Cyprus, by dedicating a statue in the sanctuary of Hera. A well-known epigram (IG IV, 583) was inscribed on the base of the statue, where one could read that Nicocreon, son of Pnytagoras, was king in Cyprus, and that the Argives set up his statue “on account of the bronze which I was sending to the festival of Hera as prizes for the young men”. Although different dates have been suggested for the epigram, scholars have not reached a conclusion. Nicocreon was making donations to the Heraia while he was king, and the language of the epigram, as stated, suggests that he was doing so over a period of several years. Therefore, the date of the inscription should lie between a few years after 332/1 BC, year of Nicocreon’s ascension to the throne, to not long after his death in 311/0 BC. In this paper, an attempt is made to define the political circumstances both in Cyprus and in mainland Greece, to provide persuasive arguments that the epigram should be dated to the year 315 BC.
Proskynēsis: From a Persian Court Protocol to a Greek Religious Practice
Authors: Abe Takuji
Published: April 2019

Greek ambassadors who were granted an audience before the Persian King were required to observe a certain form of court ritual. Although the Persian proper name for this ritual has since been lost to us, the Greeks called this act of homage proskynēsis; a term normally understood to refer to the act of “falling down” and prostrating oneself before the king. At the same time, the Greeks employed a gesture also called proskynēsis, which was performed when addressing a divine entity. These two acts, while different in their functions, shared the same name on the basis that their outward appearances bore a co- incidental likeness to each other. Greek ambassadors, who would have come to Susa for the purpose of petitioning assistance from the Great King, were rigorously hesitant to follow the Persian practice, arguing that the religious practice of proskynēsiswas reserved exclusively for the divine among them. In this paper, I endeavour to elucidate the true nature of this Persian court pro- tocol, and to show why the Greeks were so unwilling to perform this ceremo- nial act. I conclude that the normal posture of the Persian proskynēsis was most represented by that of a bow with a hand raised up to the mouth, the depth of the bow being dependent on the ethnicity of those performing it and their relative status. In contrast to the Greek version, this Persian proskynēsiswas a rather secular practice, serving to authenticate social hierarchy between su- periors and inferiors. Even though some of the Greek ambassadors must have been aware of this, or perhaps as a direct result of this understanding, they remained loath to accept the insult that offering proskynēsiswould cause to the belief of their perceived freedom from Persian subjugation.
Cyrus the Great as a “King of the City of Anshan”
Authors: Zournatzi Antigoni
Published: April 2019

In the famous inscription of the Cylinder of Cyrus the Great composed after thefallofBabylonin539BC,thefounderofthePersianempireisreferredtoas “king of the city of Anshan” and is made to indicate that this title was equally borne by his ancestors, Cambyses, Cyrus andTeispes.Referencetothevenerable–butnonethelessElamiteandtoallappearances nolongerpoliticallyimportantatthetime–cityofAnshaninCyrus’royalfami- lytitularyhastriggeredmuchscholarlydiscussion.Itiscurrentlythoughtthat thereferencestoCyrus’dynasticassociationwithAnshanmightacknowledge somesenseofanElamiteaffinityonthepartofCyrus’royalline.Thepresentstudyarguesthatthetitle“kingofthecityofAnshan”ofCyrus and his forebears was meant to accommodate traditional perceptions of “le- gitimate kingship” within a native Mesopotamian/Elamite environment and cannot be used as evidence for an Elamite affiliation of Cyrus’ dynasticline.
To Build or to Buy? The Role of Local Information in Credit Market Development
Authors: Wang Teng
Published: April 2019

Exploiting the heterogeneity in legal constraints on local bank employees’ mobility, I show that access to local information influences banks’ modes of expansion. As restrictions on interbank labor mobility are relaxed, banks entering a new market establish branches directly instead of acquiring incumbent branches, resulting in a shift of composition of entrants. The treatment effect is strengthened when information asymmetries between local banks and entrants are severe. Furthermore, I find a surge in the volume and a reduction in the rates of local small business loans originated by surrounding incumbent banks after the entry of outside banks, especially after entrants establish new branches.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Liquidity Premium in the Eye of the Beholder: An Analysis of the Clientele Effect in the Corporate Bond Market
Authors: Chen Xuanjuan , Huang Jing-Zhi , Sun Zhenzhen , Yao Tong , Yu Tong
Published: April 2019

This paper examines how liquidity and investors’ heterogeneous liquidity preferences interact to affect asset pricing. Using data on insurers’ corporate bond holdings, we find that illiquidity of corporate bond portfolios varies widely and persistently across insurers and is related to insurers’ investment horizon and funding constraint, consistent with the notion of liquidity clientele. We further find that liquidity clientele affects corporate bond prices—specifically, liquidity premia are lower among corporate bonds heavily held by investors with weaker preference for liquidity.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Post-prostatectomy incontinence: multimodal modern-day management
Authors: Gresty Helena , Walters Uma , Rashid Tina
Published: April 2019

As the rate of prostate cancer detection increases, so does the rate at which radical prostatectomy is performed. Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) or urine leakage affects around 20% of men who undergo this procedure. Although affected individuals must be supported in maintaining hygiene with the use of urine capture devices, definitive treatment should also be offered if appropriate. A range of management options are available, from incontinence pads to artificial urinary sphincters. However, an understanding of the aetiology of the leak as well as patient factors is vital if the correct treatment option is to be selected. This article describes the potential causes of PPI and explores management options for this condition.
The older person with diabetes: considerations for care
Authors: Hill Jill
Published: April 2019

With the increasingly ageing population worldwide, more older people are living with diabetes. The conditions that often accompany older age, such as dementia, renal impairment, visual impairment and manual dexterity difficulties, can make diabetes management complex and self-care challenging. However, the status of older people varies considerably, and so choice of glucose-lowering agents and clinical targets should be individualised to maximise safety and ensure that the risks of treatments do not outweigh the benefits. For many patients, there will be an increasing dependence on others to manage their diabetes care, so an appropriate skill mix among healthcare professionals and carers, adequate training and regular competency assessment are crucial to support patients to remain safe and symptom free from diabetes.
Essential skills cluster in palliative care
Authors: Jones Amy
Published: April 2019

This essay explores palliative care on an elderly medical ward. It analyses effective aspects in regard to the patient and family or caregivers' needs being met. The paper also revealed problems that arose when looking after a palliative patient. This included staff shortages, insufficient spiritual or religious needs being met, as well as lack of communication between everyone involved in the palliative care of the person. Multidisciplinary working was a major theme that seemed to have a huge impact on outcomes of preferred care, as results showed referrals and working together got desired outcomes for the patient and the relatives or carers involved.
Penile cancer
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: April 2019

Cancer of the penis, in the UK, is rare. This article provides the healthcare assistant and the assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an overview of the anatomy of the penis, the frequency of penile cancer and those factors that may put a man at risk of developing cancer of the penis.

The signs and symptoms associated with penile cancer are discussed, as well as the methods used to make a diagnosis. Once a diagnosis is made, the staging and grading of the cancer can be undertaken and this will then determine treatment options that are available. A discussion regarding preventative measures is offered.

A glossary of key terms and five multiple-choice questions are also provided..
Improving NHS trusts' learning from patient deaths
Authors: Tingle John
Published: April 2019

John Tingle discusses a new CQC report that reviews the first year of NHS trusts implementing national guidance on learning from deaths, in the context of some other associated reports
Attending a best interests meeting
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2019

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the conduct of a best interests meeting and the role nurses play in those meetings
Born and raised
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: April 2019

Children born intersex or with differences of sex development are an often misunderstood subject. Caroline Vollansexplores the issue and reveals how settings can offer support
Providing contraception for perimenopausal women
Authors: Vaughan Alison
Published: April 2019

Perimenopausal women may come to practice nurses seeking contraception advice, and there are several options to choose from. Alison Vaughan explains the most appropriate methods while emphasising that every woman is different and will require personalised care

Effective contraception is required until menopause to prevent an unplanned pregnancy, despite a natural decline in fertility with age. Spontaneous pregnancy is rare over age 50, and pregnancy and childbirth after the age of 40 are associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes for mother and baby. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not provide protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections. Any woman over 40 years old with a significant change in menstrual bleeding should have an appropriate gynaecology assessment. Contraception does not affect the onset or duration of menopausal symptoms but it may mask the signs and symptoms of menopause. Age-related increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and cancer may affect choice of contraceptive method. Any copper intrauterine device fitted at 40 years or above can be left in situ until 1 year postmenopause, when menopause is typically diagnosed. If menopause occurs when the woman is 50 years or above. A Mirena® levonorgestral intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) fitted at 45 years or above, for contraception only, can remain in situ until the age of 55. However, a Kyleena®LNG-IUS needs to be replaced after 5 years regardless of age. A Mirena fitted to protect the endometrium as part of a HRT regime can be used for 5 years as endometrial protection. A Mirena fitted to control dysfunctional uterine bleeding in a woman who no longer needs contraception, because for example she or her partner have been sterilised, can keep the device until it no longer confers any benefit or until the age 55 years. No one contraceptive method suits all perimenopausal women; choice should be tailored to the individual as all women experience symptoms of perimenopause differently.
Good hand hygiene practice: improvements and strategies
Authors: Winter George
Published: April 2019

Even in 2019, handwashing practice among health professionals remains poor. George Winter explores the history of good hygiene in healthcare and suggests reasons why some professionals may not be reaching ‘optimal’ handwashing practice
Speaking to power through newspaper editorials in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyaungwa Mathew , Garman Anthea
Published: April 2019

This article seeks to provide an insight into the complex role that editorials – a newspaper’s institutional voice – play in highly polarised political contexts. It focuses on how the editorials of two Zimbabwean daily newspapers – The Herald, a progovernment newspaper, and NewsDay, a perceived pro-opposition newspaper – spoke to those in power at a time of transition from a government of national unity to majoritarian rule in 2013. The study also sets out to understand how both the newspapers’ editorials over this time responded to a contested political domain. Qualitative content analysis, rhetorical analysis and in-depth interviews were used to consider the tactics employed in the editorials to question and challenge the decisions and behaviours of those in positions of authority. The research findings contradict the common view in Zimbabwe that the privately–owned media blindly support the opposition while the state-owned media do the same with ZANU-PF. The findings show that in the period in question both newspapers exploited the editorial as a space to urge politicians to think of the national common good.
Boko Haram in the Nigerian press: The politics of labelling
Authors: Ette Mercy , Joe Sarah
Published: April 2019

Labels shape and define public discourse. As condensational symbols, they can serve as political tools and instruments of policy due to the media’s tendency to use labels to create meaning and knowledge about political and social reality. This study examines the politics of labelling through a case study of the representation of Boko Haram in a selection of Nigerian national newspapers. Boko Haram, a transnational terrorist organization responsible for the death of over 20,000 Nigerians and the displacement of more than two million people, has been a major threat to the Nigerian state for almost a decade. Although it was originally perceived to be a domestic problem, its reach across national boundaries has extended its impact beyond Nigeria and it has now been recognized as an international threat. This article explores how labels used to frame this group in the Nigerian press echo geo-ethno polarities embedded in Nigerian politics. The study investigates the representations of Boko Haram to evaluate how the narrative about the sect has been constructed. It reveals that the dominant voices prefer labels such as terrorists and insurgents, which reflect popular understanding of the sect. Through a content analysis of a selection of national news stories, the study argues that the nature of Nigerian politics and media ecology plays a critical role in the media framing of Boko Haram.
Models of painterly abstraction and Strzemiński’s ‘Unist adventure’ (1923–1936)
Authors: Salamon Anna
Published: April 2019

This essay reflects on Yve-Alain Bois’ proposition that Władysław Strzemiński’s Unist paintings and texts were ‘out of sync’. First, I consider whether Strzemiński’s writings published between 1923 and 1936 were ‘singularly consistent’, as Bois suggests. I focus on the selected untranslated mid-1930s writings, in relation to Unist Composition 14 (1934) and Seascape (1934). I proceed to flesh out the distinct ways in which Strzemiński theorized painterly abstraction at that point, in relation to synthesis of visual data, rather than formal self-sufficiency proposed earlier in Unism in Painting (1928). I draw on research by Leszek Brogowski (2001), Grzegorz Sztabiński (2006) and Paulina Korpal-Jakubiec (2010). I argue that the shift in Strzemiński’s theoretical framework illuminates his multiple pictorial outputs during the 1930s. The emerging preoccupation with vision evident in the mid-1930s texts clearly forecasts Strzemiński’s post-war work. This challenges a reading of Unist Composition 14 (1934) as the most accomplished painterly articulation of the theory of Unism. Finally, I suggest that the dual model of painterly abstraction emerging from this study is relevant to the current critical debates on abstract painting.
Description and resistance: On Yve-Alain Bois’s Painting as Model
Authors: Florman Lisa
Published: April 2019

In the introduction to Painting as Model, Yve-Alain Bois attempted to provide for his readers ‘a map of the field of forces against which (or with which)’ the essays had been written. If those essays continue to hold an important position within the discipline today, it is nonetheless the case that the ‘field of forces’ from (and in opposition to) which they draw their significance has subtly but noticeably changed. This article looks in some detail at several of the most prominent published reviews of Painting as Model, discusses how the art-historical terrain has shifted since 1990 and then how those differences both enable and require us to reconceive the nature of Bois’s project. The phrase ‘materialist formalism’, which he originally used to describe his approach, arguably carries different connotations now than it did a quarter century ago, with the result that we might be better served by describing Bois’s work in other terms – terms that would place a greater premium on the descriptive nature of his criticism and the forms of resistance that it enacts.
Allergies, allegiances and authenticity: Bill T. Jones’s choreography for Broadway
Authors: Nereson Ariel
Published: April 2019

The critical reception of Bill T. Jones’s choreography for the Broadway stage reinvigorates debates about high and low cultural production and reveals persistent critical biases regarding the requirement of authenticity for non-white artists. Jones’s genre crossing participates in a cultural history of choreographers and dancers who dance(d) across concert and commercial stages; Jones’s work is further complicated by a rubric of authenticity as it contributes to both the mythology of the avant-garde and audience expectations of racialized cultural producers. This article argues that the reception of Jones’s choreography evidences the interdependence between blackness as authenticity and high/low dichotomies of artistic production, particularly those that contour dance reception. I foreground the multiple ways in which the formulation of blackness as authenticity supports Broadway’s commercial, often posited as ‘inauthentic’, aesthetics and aims.
О НЕМЕЦКИХ КОММЕНТАРИЯХ КАК ТИПЕ ТЕКСТА
Authors: Mushchinina Maria
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются особенности немецких комментариев к законам: история возникновения и развития этого типа текстов, их функция в немецкой юридической системе, а также их типология. Кроме того, проводятся некоторые параллели с российскими комментариями. Немецкие комментарии являются важнейшим источником информации во всех сферах юридической деятельности и связующим звеном между юридической практикой и юриспруденцией. Они сопровождают немецких юристов со студенческой скамьи в течение всей профессиональной жизни. Комментарии в значительной степени влияют и на судопроизводство, и на законотворчество, и на развитие всей правовой системы. Они обладают в немецкой правовой системе настолько большим весом, что могут формировать так называемое «господствующее мнение» (herrschende Meinung) – мнение по определенному вопросу, которого придерживается большинство специалистов и которому, как правило, следуют судьи.

Возникнув в начале 19 века в рамках научного дискурса, комментарии вскоре получили применение и в юридической практике. Богатые традиции составления комментариев обусловливают высочайшие требования к их структуре и содержанию современных немецких комментариев. В статье на примере нескольких комментариев к Гражданскому уложению Германии (BGB) рассматриваются отличительные особенности их основных типов. В частности, речь идет о наиболее подробных «больших» комментариях (Großkommentare), «кратких» комментариях (Kurzkommentare), для которых характерно предельно сжатое представление большого объема информации, «практических» комментариях (Handkommentare) для каждодневного пользования и «учебных» комментариях (Studienkommentare), которые составляются прежде всего для студентов юридических факультетов.
ПОНЯТИЕ «СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ» В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ: ЮРИДИКО-ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Bolovnev Mikhail , Ruf Elizaveta
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются вопросы толкования понятия «справедливость» как категории современного гражданского процесса с точки зрения философии, истории, лингвистики и юриспруденции. Анализируется толкование категории «справедливость» в постановлениях Европейского Суда по правам человека, а также проблемы применения данной субъективной категории национальными судами Российской Федерации. На основе анализа и обобщения правоприменительной практики выделяются блоки теоретических и практических проблем применения категории «справедливость», возникающие при разрешении конкретных дел в российских судах. Предлагаются пути их решения, а также формулируются рекомендации по совершенствованию действующего законодательства и судебной практики.
ТОЛКОВАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КАТЕГОРИИ «РАЗУМНЫЕ СРОКИ» В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ
Authors: Rekhtina Irina , Ruf Elizaveta
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматривается процесс имплементации нового для российского гражданского процессуального права института разумных сроков, обусловленный ратификацией в 1998 году Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод. Описываются сложности с определением, толкованием, критериями применения данной категории. Анализируется соотношение данной категории с иными юридическими понятиями и конструкциями. Выделяются проблемы применения и толкования российскими судами разумных сроков при рассмотрении и разрешении конкретных гражданских дел. Отдельное внимание уделяется вопросу соотношения понимания и толкования категории «разумный срок» в актах Европейского Суда по правам человека и актах российских судов. Формулируется вывод о необходимости единого подхода Европейского суда по правам человека и Верховного Суда Российской Федерации при определении категории «разумный срок». Предлагаются рекомендации по совершенствованию действующего процессуального законодательства и правоприменительной практики.
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПРАВОНАРУШЕНИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ РЕЧЕВЫМИ КОНФЛИКТАМИ, В ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ ПЕРИОДА СОЗДАНИЯ ЕДИНОГО МОСКОВСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА
Authors: Snigirev Aleksey
Published: April 2019

Понятийно-терминологический аппарат русского права в области правонарушений, связанных с речевыми конфликтами, пережил множество этапов на пути своего становления. В данной статье произведен анализ правовой системы Московского государства от начала централизации до эпохи Петра I (XV–XVII века).В период существования Великого княжества Московского продолжает формироваться и юридически закрепляться понимание нематериальных прав лица, когда ущерб может быть нанесен не только физический, но и моральный, что находит свое отражение в понятии «бесчестие». Возникают и закрепляются виды нанесения ущерба нематериальным правам лица, среди которых те или иные виды «оскорбления действием» перестают занимать основное место, наряду с ними закрепляется осознание правонарушений, совершаемых посредством употребления языковых единиц. Основным видом правонарушения, связанным с речевыми конфликтами, перестает быть «клевета», важную роль приобретает «оскорбление», особое внимание уделяется «государеву слову и делу» – правонарушениям, соотносимым с современными нам призывами к свержению существующего конституционного строя. В исследуемый период проходит сложный процесс создания терминологической парадигмы, связанной с преступлениями, вызванными речевыми конфликтами. На смену существовавшим ранее понятиям приходят новые, еще не обладающие четким объемом значения. Наконец, начинает осознаваться роль контекста высказывания, от которого теперь зависит мера избираемого наказания.