bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menyusun Perencanaan Pembelajaran Tematik
Authors: Hrp Adewiyatun Rahma , Triani Lilis , hafizah  , salbiah sri , bahriani devi
Published: November 2019

Langkah-langkah pembelajaran merupakan salah satu komponen dalam RPP Tematik dan secara eksplesif dijelaskan dalam permendikbud RI No. 65 tahun 2013 tentang standar proses pendidikan disebutkan, bahwa komponen“langkah-langkah pembelajaran” merupakan salah satu RPP yang letaknya setelah komponen “media, alat, dan sumber belajar”, dan sebelumnya komponen “penilaian”. Langkah-langkah pembelajaran ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu tahapan pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup.Dunia pendidikan terus berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, perkembangan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan khususnya di Indonesia. Perubahan penting yang telah terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan di Indonesia salah satunya adalah perubahan kurikulum, telah kita ketahuai bersama perubahan kurikulum juga diikuti perubahan perangkat pembelajaran salah satunya RPP. Dalam rangka mengimplementasikan pogram pembelajaran yang sudah dituangkan di dalam silabus, guru harus menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). RPP merupakan pegangan bagi guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran baik di kelas, laboratorium, dan/atau lapangan untuk setiap Kompetensi dasar. Oleh karena itu, apa yang tertuang di dalam RPP memuat hal-hal yang langsung berkait dengan aktivitas pembelajaran dalam upaya pencapaian penguasaan suatu Kompetensi Dasar.Dalam menyusun RPP guru harus mencantumkan Standar Kompetensi yang memayungi Kompetensi Dasar yang akan disusun dalam RPP-nya. Di dalam RPP secara rinci harus dimuat Tujuan Pembelajaran,Materi Pembelajaran, Metode Pembelajaran, Langkah-langkah Kegiatan pembelajaran, Sumber Belajar, dan Penilaian.
La paradigme du doux commerce au XVIIIe siècle : le commerce et les commerçants
Authors: Larrère Catherine
Published: November 2019

Albert O. Hirschman a montré comment le paradigme du « doux commerce », celui de la régulation des passions violentes par les intérêts commerciaux, a été l’un des vecteurs de l’acceptation du capitalisme dans l’Europe du XVIIIe siècle. Mais cette explication par les conséquences non intentionnelles des actions orientées par le gain justifie le commerce mais non les commerçants. Cela peut expliquer que Montesquieu fasse voir les bons effets du commerce tout en présentant les arguments critiques qui seront repris, contre le capitalisme, par Burke, Marx ou Michael Sandel. Quels que soient les mérites du commerce, le commerçant reste la cible des attaques tout au long du XVIIIe siècle en France, particulièrement de Gournay et ses disciples aux physiocrates.
Manajemen Pembelajaran Tahfidzul Quran Berbasis Metode Yaddain Di Mi Plus Darul Hufadz Sumedang
Authors: Prayoga Ari , Noorfaizah Rizqia Salma , Suryana Yaya , Sulhan Mohammad
Published: November 2019

Management of tahfidz al-Quran learning in terms of organizing educators has a lack of human resources. The implementation of tahfidz learning in practice has not been effectively evenly implemented by educators. This study aims to uncover the processes of planning, organizing, implementing, evaluating, of the tahfidz al-Quran learning based on the Yaddain method in the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Plus Darul Hufadz Sumedang. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques used the technique of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation study. The results of the study show: first, planning is carried out by making learning concepts that are detailed with short-term, mid-term, and long-term planning, formulated through syllabi and Learning Implementation Plans (RPP); second, organizing is carried out by determining the tasks and stages in the tahfidz Quran learning process; third, the implementation is carried out with class management, scheduling, activity mechanisms including opening, core and closing activities; fourth, evaluation is carried out by monitoring students with individual student absenteeism while taking part in learning, repeating mid-semester and final examinations.
PENGARUH REKRUTMEN SISWA DAN PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP MUTU PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SMK NEGERI DI WILAYAH BARAT KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini berfokus pada mutu proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi dan regresi linier sederhana serta korelasi dan regresi ganda. Hasil dari pengujian hipotesis diperoleh tiga kesimpulan, yaitu: (1) Rekrutmen siswa mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap mutu (2) Pembiayaan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap mutu pembelajaran (3) Rekrutmen siswa bersama-sama dengan pembiayaan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap mutu pembelajaran. Hal ini mengandung pengertian bahwa mutu pembelajaran sangat didukung oleh sistem rekrutmen siswa dan pembiayaan pendidikan yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat dinyatakan bahwa untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan mengoptimalkan perekrutan siswa baru sebagai raw input dan manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan yang baik bagi siswa. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya-upaya untuk lebih mengedepankan kualitas rekrutmen siswa dan pengaturan serta pengelolaan pembiayaan pendidikan yang baik pula.
Development of a surplus value parameter for use in initial aircraft conceptual design
Authors: Hollingsworth Peter , Patel Dipesh
Published: November 2019

Simple constraints analysis, as taught to most aerospace engineering students gives little guidance as to exactly which design point should be selected. There is a recent body of work that attempts to solve this for initial designs, without having to fully size the new aircraft concept. The best of these focuses on maximizing a ‘Range Parameter’ which leads to minimizing gross weight for transport aircraft. However, this is not guaranteed to maximize the value of the new design. This paper presents a corresponding surplus value parameter which is designed to provide just that capability. Furthermore, it shows that in at least some cases the resulting optimum design point will shift from that suggested by the range parameter.
An approach to airport categorization – category definition and quantification for air traffic related simulation purposes
Authors: Öttl Gerald , Böck Philipp
Published: November 2019

Airport categorizations offer a basis to derive representative scenarios for air traffic related simulation purposes. A methodology for an application specific airport categorization was developed as presented in this paper. Existing categorizations were identified to insufficiently reflect operational characteristics of airports and mostly to omit quantitative statements, which are a crucial simulation input. The presented approach shows a way to enhance an existing baseline categorization using application specific airport similarity parameters. A set of typical airports for each category can be specified by analyzing air traffic schedule data. Clustering techniques, the core element of the methodology, are applied to identify outliers, which are subsequently removed. The remaining group of airports is used to calculate the boundaries of the analyzed category as well as the representative scenario parameter values. The proposed approach is presented step by step for one category and the exemplary application in noise trading scheme simulations. Additional results for use in airport capacity analyses are provided. The presented approach offers the possibility to derive traffic scenarios that represent the characteristics of a multitude of airports within one category. In general a different set of similarity parameters can lead to different category boundaries and representative values. The results are application driven, as proven by the examples.
Estimates for vertical points of solutions of prescribed mean curvature type equations II
Authors: Atkinson F.V. , Peletier L.A. , Serrin J.
Published: November 2019

Radially symmetric solutions u(r) of the prescribed mean curvature equation involving a source term f(u) may exhibit vertical points. In this paper we study the asymptotic properties of these vertical points when f is positive and increasing and the parameter ε=f′/f2 becomes small. Our results are based on a sharp asymptotic estimate for Delaunay surfaces as the distance of the vertical points nearest to the symmetry axis r=0 tends to zero.
Etude d'une limite singulière d'un modèle intervenant en combustion
Authors: Glangetas L.
Published: November 2019

We consider solutions (uε,vε,cε) of a system of two nonlinear differential equations −u″ε+cεu′ε=fε(uε)vε, −Λv″ε+cεv′ε=−fε(uε)vε on R with the boundary conditions uε(−∞)=0, uε(+∞)=1, vε(−∞)=1, vε(+∞)=0. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of (uε,vε,cε) as ε→0 and fε(u)(1−u) behaves as a Dirac distribution. This singular limit corresponds to some combustion models (planar flame propagations) for high activation energy asymptotics.
Corner singularities of solutions to Δ±1/2u=f in two dimensions
Authors: Päivärinta Lassi , Rempel Stephan
Published: November 2019

Let Ω be a compact submanifold of a two dimensional Riemannian manifold X having a boundary ∂Ω which is piecewise smooth without sharp peaks. We study the pseudo-differential equations Op(|ξ|±1)u=f in Ω in appropriate function spaces. Existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven. Moreover, it is shown that they possess an asymptotic expansion near each angular point provided the right hand side does. By a Mellin operator calculus we get information about the exponent of the asymptotics. A numerical algorithm is given which yields the leading singularity. Applications to the screen problem in electrodynamics, to the charge density problem in electrostatics and to the crack problem in elasticity are given.
Limite fluide des équations de Boltzmann des semi-conducteurs pour une statistique de Fermi–Dirac
Authors: Golse F. , Poupaud F.
Published: November 2019

On étudie la limite fluide d'un système d'équations cinétiques de la physique des semi-conducteurs pour une statistique de Fermi-Dirac. On établit que les concentrations d'électrons et de trous vérifient, quand le libre parcours moyen tend vers zéro, un système d'équations paraboliques non linéaires. La démonstration repose sur des estimations d'entropie et sur un lemme de compacité en moyenne pour l'opérateur d'advection.
Decay of solutions of the wave equation in a star-shaped domain with nonlinear boundary feedback
Authors: Conrad Francis , Rao Bopeng
Published: November 2019

We study the uniform stabilization of the wave equation by means of a nonlinear dissipative boundary feedback. We consider a Neumann condition on the whole boundary, and the observation is the boundary displacement and velocity. We obtain, in a nonlinear framework, estimates of the decay, for any displacement. We establish a similar result for the one-dimensional wave equation with a variable coefficient.
On the rise height in a capillary tube of general cross section
Authors: Miersemann Erich
Published: November 2019

In a recent paper on the circular capillary tube we proved the asymptotic correctness of a formal expansion of the rise height given by Laplace in 1806. Here we extend this result to tubes of more general cross section.

We prove the existence of an asymptotic expansion of the rise height with respect to the (small) Bond number under the main assumption that the zero gravity solution exists. The proof is completely based on the comparison principle of Concus and Finn. As examples, the annulus and the regular n-gon will be considered. In the case of the annulus the expansion is uniform with respect to the boundary contact angle which is a consequence of the special nonlinearity of the problem.
Asymptotic analysis of a mixed boundary value problem in a multi-structure
Authors: Kozlov V. A. , Maz'ya V. G. , Movchan A. B.
Published: November 2019

We consider a mixed boundary value problem for the Laplace operator in a union of a three-dimensional domain and thin cylinders. A rigorous procedure is developed to derive the total asymptotic expansion. The asymptotic formulae for the first eigenvalue and corresponding eigenfunction have been obtained.
Asymptotic behaviour for an equation of superslow diffusion. The Cauchy problem
Authors: Galaktionov Victor A. , Vazquez Juan L.
Published: November 2019

We investigate the asymptotic behaviour as t→∞ of the non-negative weak solution to the Cauchy problem for the equation of superslow diffusion

ut=(e−1/u)xx for x∈R, t>0,

with non-negative initial function u0∈L∞(R)∩L1(R), u0 $\not\equiv$ 0. We prove that asymptotic separation of variables takes place if we make the change of variables v=e−1/u and η=x/log t. The precise result says that as t→∞

tv(η log t,t)→½(a2−η2)+,

and the convergence is uniform in η∈R. The constant a>0 is exactly one half of the initial energy: a=½∫u0(x)dx>0. This implies that u evolves for large t towards a mesa-like profile of height 1/(log t) and width =2a log t.
Blow-up under oscillatory boundary conditions
Authors: Herrero M.A. , Lacey A.A. , Velazquez J.J.L.
Published: November 2019

Consider the problem

(1) ut=uxx+δeu,   if 0<x<1,t>0,

(2) u(0,t)=asin ωt,  u(1,t)=0 for t≥0,

(3) u(x,0)=u0(x),

where a>0,ω>0, and u0(x) is a continuous and bounded real function. If we replace the first condition in (2) by u(0,t)=0, it is known that the corresponding Cauchy-Dirichlet problem (P0) is characterized by the existence of a critical parameter δFK such that (i) If δ>δFK, every solution of (P0) blows up in finite time, and (ii) If δ<δFK there exist global solutions of (P0) for some choices of u0(x). A similar parameter δc=δc(a,ω) exists for problem (1)-(3) and is such that δc≤δFK. We obtain here an asymptotic formula for δc(a,ω) when a or ω (or both) are arbitrarily large.
Regularity for a class of variational integrals motivated by non-linear elasticity
Authors: Fuchs Martin
Published: November 2019

We amsider (local) minimizers u∈H1,p(Ω,RN) of variational integrals ℱ(u):=∫Ωf(Du)dx with integrand f coming asymptotically close to |Du|p for large values of Du and prove everywhere regularity theorems without imposing any differentiability or convexity conditions on f. Further sections contain applications to certain relaxed problems.
Justification of the asymptotic analysis of elastic plates, I. The linear case
Authors: Miara B.
Published: November 2019

The method of asymptotic expansions used by P.G. Ciarlet and his co-workers for justifying the two-dimensional Kirchhoff Love theory of linearly or nonlinearly elastic plates relies in a crucial way on appropriate sea lings of the components of the displacement and appropriate assumptions on the data (Lamé constants and applied forces). We give here a complete justification of these scalings and assumptions on the data in the linearized case.
Limit behaviour of solutions to a class of non-linear and non-local boundary value problems
Authors: Ta-Tsien Li , Rodrigues J.E , Chen Zhu
Published: November 2019

The limit behaviour of solutions to a class of non-linear and non-local elliptic boundary value problems, with respect to the shrinking of the equivalued surface, is obtained by means of the theory of boundary value problems for second order linear elliptic equations.
Homogenization of eigenvalue problems of elasticity in perforated domains
Authors: Nandakumar A.K.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study the homogenization of eigenvalue problem associated with the elasticity system in a periodically (with period ε>0, a small parameter) perforated domain with tiny holes. The critical size of the holes aε is given by aε=C0εN/N−2 if N≥3 and aε=exp (−C0/ε2) if N=2, where C0 is a constant and N is the dimension. We will study the above eigenvalue problem as ε→0 and eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Approximation by Γ-convergence of a total variation with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Amar M. , Bellettini G.
Published: November 2019

We determine the Γ-limit as ε→0 of the sequence ∫Ω[εϕ2(x,∇u)+ε−1u2(1−u2)]dx of functionals defined on H1(Ω). The free energy density ϕ has linear growth, is convex and positively homogeneous of degree one in the second variable and is upper semi-continuous in the first variable. The Γ-limit can be interpreted as a generalized total variation with discontinuous coefficients on the class of the characteristic functions of sets of finite perimeter. The proof is based on some variational properties of the generalized total variation strictly related to the upper semi-continuity of ϕ and on constructing a suitable approximation of ϕ, from above.
Characteristic asymptotics for fast chemical reaction
Authors: Haario Heikki , Rivkind Valeri
Published: November 2019

We consider a reaction-diffusion system with fast reaction. An asymptotic analysis is performed, and an analytical expression for the thickness the essential reaction zone is derived.
Remarks on a homogeneous model of ocean circulation
Authors: Colin T.
Published: November 2019

We consider a simplified model of ocean circulation. We give a mathematical justification of a singular limit process which leads to the Sverdrup relation. This singular limit implies the existence of boundary layers that correspond to currents intensification near the western coast of oceans.
Front propagation for reaction–diffusion equations arising in combustion theory
Authors: Barles G. , Georgelin C. , Souganidis P.E.
Published: November 2019

In this paper we study the rigorous connections between reaction–diffusion equations of ZFK-type, which arise as simple models in combustion theory, and the propagating fronts, i.e., propagating flames, they generate for large times. Our main result is that the associated fronts propagate globally in time with normal velocity equal to the speed of the stable travelling wave associated with the reaction–diffusion equation. We point out that this result does not follow from any parts of the, by now, classical methods to study front propagation.
Semiclassical spreading of quantum wave packets and applications near unstable fixed points of the classical flow
Authors: Combescure M. , Robert D.
Published: November 2019

Precise semiclassical estimates for the spreading of quantum wave packets are derived, when the initial wave packet is in a coherent state. We find asymptotics for the quantum evolution of coherent states, at any order in the Planck constant ħ, with a control in large time of the remainder term depending explicitely on ħ and on the stability matrix. Our results extend Hagedorn's work on the propagation of Gaussian coherent states. We present here a proof simplifying Hagedorn's arguments, and extending it to general, possibly time-dependent Hamiltonians, not necessarily in the form of kinetic energy plus potential energy (p2 + V(x)). Our proof also works for more general coherent states and extends recent results by Paul and Uribe. As a first application of our semiclassical estimates we show that, if the initial quantum state is a coherent state located around an unstable fixed point α of the classical flow, the spreading of the quantum wave packet at time t grows like e2λt for times not larger than (γ/λ)log (1/ħ), where λ is the classical instability exponent associated to the fixed point α and γ is a numerical constant.
The capacity method for asymptotic Dirichlet problems
Authors: Dal Maso G. , Garroni A.
Published: November 2019

We prove that the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of Dirichlet problems for second-order, linear, not necessarily symmetric elliptic equations in perforated domains of the form Ωh=Ω\Eh is uniquely determined by the asymptotic behaviour, as h→∞, of suitable capacities of the sets B∩Eh, where B runs in a conveniently large class of subsets of Ω.
Adverse Events During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Salminen Antti P. , Montoya Perez Ileana , Klén Riku , Ettala Otto O. , Syvänen Kari T. , Elo Laura L. , Boström Peter J.
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Rate of adverse events (AE) have been reported only in randomized clinical trials (RCT). Purpose was to evaluate incidence, type, and risk factors of AEs during NAC treatment in a population-based setting.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

The Finnish national cystectomy database covering years 2008–2014 was utilized. NAC associated AEs were reported by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.5.0. AEs during NAC in five-tier severity scale was the outcome measure. Spearman correlation between AEs and 22 clinical variables were calculated. P-values were corrected for multiple testing by controlling false discovery rate (FDR) with Benjamini-Hochberg method.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one percent of MIBC patients were assigned to NAC. Final analysis included 229 NAC patients representing 30% of radical cystectomy (RC) population. Majority (88%) received cisplatin-gemcitabine. 105 patients (46%) had no AEs. 124 patients (54%) had 168 AEs in total. Severe events (CTCAE grade 3–5) were documented in 31% of patients and one (0.4%) died. In five patients (2.1%) RC was not performed due to the AE. Of the severe AEs, hematological were most common, followed with cardiac, vascular and urinary tract as most commonly affected organ systems. The number of chemotherapy cycles was the only variable significantly associated with AEs. Severe AEs occurred already during or after the first cycle of NAC leading to early termination.

CONCLUSION:

NAC is generally well tolerated, but poses a considerable risk for adverse events. This is the first study to evaluate AEs caused by NAC in real life scenario on population level.
ANALISIS DEBIT AIR LIMPASAN PERMUKAAN (RUN OFF) DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) MANIKIN KABUPATEN KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Falo Yunus , Djunaedi Djunaedi , Nama Arnoldus
Published: November 2019

Perubahan tata guna lahan menyebabkan timbulnya lahan kritis yang disebabkan pemanfaatan lahan yang kurang optimal. DAS Manikin yang terletak di Kabupaten Kupang terdapat Bendungan Tilong  dibangun pada tahun 2003 guna menopang kemajuan pertanian. Pada akhir tahun 2008 bendungan ini mengalami luapan air yang berlebihan. Akibat hal tersebut tergenangnya areal pertanian di bagian hilir Desa Tarus, Tanah Merah dan Desa Olpuah. Pengaruh adanya kejadian ini para petani di tiga desa tersebut mengalami kerugian yang sangat besar dan mengalami gagal panen pada tahun tersebut. Hasil analisis tebal limpasan permukaan (run off ) DAS Manikin pada tahun 2017 sebesar  51- 88 mm, sedangkan bagian hulu dan hilir   34 -51 mm. Untuk mengurangi debit air limpasan permukaan  sebagai berikut : (a) Merehabilitasi hutan (b) Pemulihan Hutan dan Lahan.(c) Pengendalian Erosi dan Sedimentasi.(d) Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air guna memenuhi kebutuhan air baku untuk berbagai keperluan yang difokuskan upaya pengendalian tata air DAS dan konservasi air.
IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR DOMINAN RISIKO COST OVERRUN PADA PROYEK JALAN KABUPATEN BOYOLALI TAHUN 2017 DAN 2018
Authors: Syahputra Hanif Nanda , Sahid Muhammad Nur
Published: November 2019

Proyek konstruksi jalan membutuhkan banyak biaya dan dilakukan secara terus menerus sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pembelanjaan suatu daerah. Oleh sebab itu, proyek konstruksi jalan membutuhkan analisa yang mendalam untuk meningkatkan ouput dari proyek tersebut. Pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi jalan banyak dijumpai adanya risiko pembekakan biaya (Cost Overrun) hal ini disebabkan karena proyek konstruksi jalan dilakukan pada kondisi yang tidak pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan penyebab risiko cost overrun pada proyek jalan di Kabupaten Boyolali pada tahun 2017 dan 2018. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner dan wawancara kepada penyedia jasa konstruksi yang pernah mengerjakan proyek jalan. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan selanjutnya di analisis dengan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS. Faktor dominan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap cost overrun adalah keuangan proyek (X7), peralatan (X6), dan pelaksanaan dan hubungan kerja (X2). Hal ini dikarenakan nilai thitung dari keuangan proyek (X7), peralatan (X6), dan pelaksanaan dan hubungan kerja (X2) sebesar 6,088, 2,725, dan 2,159 lebih besar dari ttabel (1,99714) dengan taraf signifikansi 5%.
PERBANDINGAN NILAI DEBIT AKHIR MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE EPANET 2.0 DENGAN HARDY CROSS METHOD PADA PERENCANAAN JARINGAN PERPIPAAN AIR BERSIH
Authors: Luan Alexander Tirtarius , Rizal Hidayat , Krisnayanti Denik
Published: November 2019

Desa Camplong II merupakan salah satu desa di Kebupaten Kupang yang belum terlayani sepenuhnya oleh penyediaan air bersih. Wilayah ini mempunyai sumber air Kese dengan debit 32,46 liter/detik. Studi  ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan jaringan perpipaan air bersih guna membantu masyarakat Desa Camplong II memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih khususnya pada Dusun Oelkiu dan Dusun Oetulu. Jaringan perpipaan rencana dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Epanet 2.0 dalam bentuk jaringan loop. Perhitungan manual dilakukan dengan metode Hardy Cross. Debit pada pipa output software Epanet 2.0 kemudian dibandingan dengan hasil perhitungan manual dengan metode Hardy Cross. Hasil proyeksi kebutuhan air kedua dusun pada tahun 2037 adalah 2,698 liter/detik dengan kebutuhan air pada jam puncak sebesar 4,452 liter/detik. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, perbandingan debit hasil perhitungan metode Hardy Cross dan output software Epanet 2.0 mencapai 1,156 %. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa output dapat mewakili perhitungan manual dalam menganalisis jaringan perpipaan air bersih.
ETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEONATAL SEIZURES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Dhanjal Gurdeep Singh , Singh Vikramjot , Singh Gurnoor
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Neonatal seizure are the most frequent manifestation of neurological dysfunction in a neonate.  Detection of seizure and its etiology is important for guiding therapy. In the presence of biochemical abnormalities, it is difficult to control seizures and there is a risk of further brain damage. Early recognition and treatment of biochemical abnormalities are essential for optimal management and satisfactory long term outcome. The aim was to determine the etiology of neonatal seizures and to study the biochemical abnormalities.

Material and Methods: The present study included 70 inborn neonates presenting with seizures admitted to the neonatal unit in MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India over a period of one and a half years. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination of the neonate was done. Etiological causes and various biochemical parameters were evaluated.

Results:  Neonatal seizures occurred more commonly in males. The most common cause of neonatal seizures was birth asphyxia seen in 26 (37.1%) neonates followed by sepsis in 24 (34.3%) neonates. The Primary Biochemical abnormalities were seen in 12 (17.1%) neonates with seizures. Among these neonates, hypoglycemia was most commonly seen in 4 (33.3%) neonates followed by hypocalcemia seen in 3 (25%) neonates.

Conclusion: Biochemical abnormalities are common in neonatal seizures and often go unrecognized. These abnormalities may significantly contribute to seizure activity and hence a biochemical workup is necessary for all cases of neonatal seizures.
Variation of Coster-Kronig enhancement factors at different excitation energies of the elements in the atomic number range 41 ≤ Z ≤ 49
Authors: YILMAZ Rafet , ÖZMEN Turgay , ÇAKIR Tahir
Published: November 2019

In this study, L X-ray fluorescence (XRF) cross-sections of elements with atomic number 41 ≤ Z ≤ 49 were theoretically calculated according to different excitation energies. Also, the Coster-Kronig (CK) enhancement factors observed as a result of the effect of non-irradiated Coster-Kronig transitions on L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections were theoretically calculated at different excitation energies. The change of both L XRF fluorescence cross-sections and the Coster- Kronig enhancement factors against energy were examined. The results obtained were compared with the values ​​in the literature.
环境监测在环境保护中的重要性
Authors: 李 士成
Published: November 2019

现代社会进步和发展下,经济增长的同时,也对自然环境带来了严重的破坏,自然资源损耗和环境污染问题严峻,在不同程度上威胁到人类社会可持续发展。为了迎合可持续发展带来的挑战,加强环境保护成为全球各国人民普遍共识,而环境治理则需要积极开展环境监测工作,获取精准可靠的环境污染数据,了解环境污染情况,进而为后续环境保护工作开展提供支持。本文就环境保护中环境监测的重要性进行探究,制定合理措施灵活运用,提升环境保护成效。
林业苗木种植死亡的原因与对策分析
Authors: 蒲 江波
Published: November 2019

林业苗木种植过程中不可避免会出现死亡的问题,寻找死亡原因,根本性减少苗木死亡数量才能真正提升林业种植质量,达到更好的种植效果。本文就林业苗木种植死亡的原因与应对策略进行分析,希望可以为我国林业的发展提供借鉴。
King Fahad National Guard Hospital Internal Medicine Consultation Service: Contributing Co-Morbidities and Reasons for Consultation
Authors: Al-Asmari Faisal A. , Al-Enezi Farhan Z. , Alaskar Nourah M. , Bin Salih Salih A. , Hassan Imad S.
Published: November 2019

Background: Inpatient medical consultations have become an essential service in the specialty of Internal Medicine. Research in this new subspecialty will help improve the quality as well as the cost-effectiveness of this vital service.

Method: Data for all patients who were referred to the service were entered in a pre-designed form.

Results: One hundred and seventy-six adult patients with an average age of 53.3 years were seen by the service over a 4 months period. Consultations to the service were primarily from the departments of Surgery (110, 62.50%), Obstetrics and Gynecology (57, 32.39%). Co-morbidities were common specially diabetes mellitus (59.1%) and hypertension (41.5%). Most of the consultations were for emergency patients (99, 56.3%) rather than for electively (77, 43.7%) admitted cases. For operative patients, there was an equal share between pre- and post-operative cases (58.8% and 58.0% respectively). Prior referral to outpatient pre-operative clinics was unsatisfactory with the service requesting postponements of surgery for 22.1 percent of pre-operative cases. The major reasons for referral to the service were diabetes mellitus (49.4%), hypertension (30.7%) and respiratory problems (22.7%). Thirty-three percent of cases had more than one reason for referral. Active intervention by the service was frequent. The average length of care under the service was 5.2 days with a range of 1 to 90 days.

Conclusions: The service needs to be structured with regards to staff education and training; emphasizing on diabetes mellitus, hypertension and respiratory problems care. A joint interdepartmental effort along the above lines and better use of the pre-operative outpatient clinics are recommended.
A Possible Early Alteration of Autonomic Activity Assessed by Heart Rate Variability in Saudi Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Akbar Daad H. , Hegazi Maha A. , Al Kadi Hanan A. , Ahmad Maimona M.
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives: To evaluate cardiac autonomic function in non-diabetic offspring of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through assessment of heart rate variability. Autonomic dysfunction was reported in glucose tolerant on insulin-resistant offspring of Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. No data is available on cardiac autonomic dysfunction in Saudi offspring of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Subject and Methods: Ninety-seven subjects with family history and 30 subjects with no family history of diabetes mellitus as a control group were studied. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics (fasting blood glucose, lipids, and insulin resistance) were measured. Heart rate variability parameters were recorded.

Results: No significant differences in the anthropometric, biochemical or heart rate variability parameters between the group with positive family history of diabetes mellitus and the control group. Subjects with positive family history of diabetes mellitus were split into 2 groups as per the presence or absence of insulin resistance. Insignificantly, an increased sympathetic tone was seen in Type 2 diabetes mellitus offspring with insulin resistance as compared to those without it. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose were also significantly higher in the insulin resistance group.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of insulin resistance among the young subjects with positive family history of diabetes. Thus, had an increased sympathetic activity compared to those who were insulin sensitive. This study confirms the early autonomic dysfunction in offspring of Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects previously reported in other non-Saudi populations.
Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities in Heat Stroke during Hajj
Authors: Nabalawi Rana A.
Published: November 2019

Background: Heat induced illnesses are variable from a mild heat exhaustion to a severe heat stroke and its systemic complications. Millions of pilgrims annually perform the Islamic obligatory mission of Hajj, are vulnerable to heat induced illnesses, especially when Hajj falls in the summer period. This is a retrospective study of the renal and electrolyte abnormalities in heat stroke patients during Hajj.

Method: We selected randomly 472 patients out of 2044 patients diagnosed as heat stroke over 5 years from 1986-1991 for this study. The diagnosis of heat stroke was based on: 1) Rectal temperature > 40°C, 2) Hot dry skin and 3) Neurological deficit presenting as delirium, coma with or without convulsions. The renal function and electrolytes of all these patients were obtained.

Results: All the 472 patients revealed significant electrolyte abnormalities: hypophasphatemia 98% (P + 0.55 ± 0.05 mmol/L), hyponatremia Na+ 70% (128 + 1 mmol/L), hypocalcemia 70% (Ca + 2.01 ± 0.02 mmol/L), hypokalemia 32% (K+3.3 ± 01 mmol/L), and hypomagnesaemia (Mg 0.06 ± 0.01 mmol/L) in 30%. Metabolic acidosis and compensatory respiratory alkalosis was seen in most patients. Acute renal failure that required dialysis developed in 180 (8.8%) patients. In 100 patients, the most common cause was Rhabdomyolysis (68%). The rest had ischemic acute tubular necrosis (32%) with a mortality of 15% compared to 20% in all the 472 patients. The risk mortality was higher in patients with a temperature of 42°C, comatose at presentation and older than 50 years.

Conclusion: During Hajj, electrolyte abnormalities in heat stroke were found to be fairly common. Acute renal failure was mainly due to Rhabdomyolysis, which carry better prognosis compared to other causes of acute tubular necrosis.
Application of e-Mail in Successful Desensitization to Allopurinol:
Authors: Bawakid Khalid O. , Qutub Majdy M.A. , Tayeb Moufa M.S. , Koshak Emad A.
Published: November 2019

Allopurinol hypersensitivity can develop in 2% of cases (severe in 0.4%). If no alternative, oral desensitization is effective but it is associated with difficulties in monitoring and safety. A 65-years old Saudi male presented to allergy clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital as a case of type I hypersensitivity to Allopurinol. Phase I desensitization was conducted in the clinic over 4 hours by increasing doses of oral Allopurinol, starting from 0.01 mg up to 1 mg. Phase II desensitization was performed at home over 5 weeks with increasing doses from 1 mg up to 100 mg/day (pharmaceutical dose). Daily e-Mail messages were very helpful in patient monitoring by providing proper advice. Minor allergy symptoms, like itching and rash, resolved with oral antihistamines and maintaining the same dose until clear. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of using e-Mail as an effective tool for monitoring successful oral drug desensitization.
Holiday Heart Syndrome
Authors: Abdelaziz Maysara M. , Kamalanathan Anand N. , Mathews John Cheri
Published: November 2019

Holiday heart syndrome is an acute cardiac rhythm or conduction disturbance associated with heavy ethanol consumption in a person without other clinical evidence of heart disease. Typically, this resolves rapidly with spontaneous recovery during subsequent abstinence from alcohol use. Two adolescents were presented with different degrees of heart block following acute alcohol ingestion. The electrocardiograph abnormalities resolved within 12 hours. Further investigations, including echocardiography and 24-hour electrocardiograph, were normal. Emergency Department physicians should be aware of the possibility of acute alcohol ingestion causing changes in cardiac conduction which has a potential to develop into life-threatening arrhythmias, thus, can occur in children and young adolescents.
Hemorrhagic Cerebral Venous Infarction in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation:
Authors: Sanosi Aiman S.
Published: November 2019

Venous sinus thrombosis is an uncommon cause of stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography are sensitive and specific non-invasive tools for the diagnosis. This is a report of patient who presented with atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The course of the disease was complicated by left-sided transverse sinus thrombosis leading to hemorrhagic stroke. There was normal looking transverse sinus upon contrast injection with gadolinium despite the lack of flow on magnetic resonance venography. It is postulate that this apparently normal transverse sinus appearance on post gadolinium T1-weighted imaging was a result of thrombus enhancement in the acute stage of the venous occlusion. This finding could mislead the diagnosis if it was read in isolation without the confirmation of the occlusion in magnetic resonance venography.
Histopathological Pattern of Respiratory Diseases among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Saudi Arabia from January 2000 - December 2010
Authors: Abdullah Layla S. , Mufti Shagufta T.
Published: November 2019

Objective: To determine the histopathological pattern of respiratory diseases based on age and gender at a tertiary care center in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all histopathologically diagnosed cases of respiratory diseases in the period between January 2000 and December 2010 through a computerized database search of the Anatomic Pathology archives.

Results: Out of the 378 case studies, the most common histologically diagnosed respiratory diseases were pulmonary tumors 118 (31.2%), followed by pulmonary infections 32 (8.4%), obstructive lung diseases 22 (5.8%), restrictive lung disease 16 (4.2%), congenital pulmonary airway malformation 16 (4.2%) and diseases of vascular origin 4 (1%).The percentage of insufficient biopsies was 3.9% (15 cases); 57 cases (15.07%) showed no pathological diagnosis on histological examination. Out of the 111 malignant tumors, 98 (88.2%) were primary and 13 (11.71%) were secondary pulmonary tumors. The most common respiratory disease in the age group of 0-19 years was pulmonary congenital diseases (11 cases), in the group of 20-39 was miscellaneous (43 cases), while pulmonary tumors was the most common respiratory disease identified histopathologically in the age groups of 40-59-years-old (33 cases) and older than 60 years (75 cases).

Conclusion:  Lung tumors are the most common form of histopathologically diagnosed respiratory diseases followed by pulmonary infections, especially tuberculosis.
Clinical Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Sub-Saharan African Population: A 308 Study Cases in Senegal
Authors: Ndongo Souhaibou , Pouye Abdoulaye , Azankpan Emeric , Ka Mourtalla M. , Moreira Diop Thérèse
Published: November 2019

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis, formerly rare in sub-Saharan Africa, is becoming increasingly reported. The objective study determines the epidemiological, clinical and biological features of rheumatoid arthritis at diagnosis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the rheumatology outpatient department of Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar in Senegal.

Results: Three hundred eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis according, to American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria, were included: 273 women and 35 men (ratio of 7:8). Median age was 41 years (Q1: 31; Q3: 53 years); predominant age group was 30-40 years. Ninety-three percent resided in urban areas and 7% in rural areas. Family history of chronic inflammatory arthritis was reported by 35.1% of patients. Thirty-nine percent of patients initially consulted a traditional healer. On admission, the median Disease Activity Score 28 was 6.5 (Q1: 5.5; Q3: 7.3). Rheumatoid arthritis was very active in 81.1% and a positive factor in 84% of patients. Cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies assessed in 116 patients; 95 reported positive (81.9%). Of 169 patients, at least one extra-articular manifestation was presented; the most common, anemia and sicca syndrome.

Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis was characterized by an important delay in diagnosis, a polyarticular presentation, and a high positivity of immunological markers. Extra-articular manifestations included mainly anemia and sicca syndrome. Early management and a better understanding of rheumatoid arthritis in sub-Saharan Africa are required.
Complicated Pulmonary Hydatid Disease:
Authors: Samargandy Shaza A.
Published: November 2019

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic infection that is more prevalent in the developing world and among pastoral communities. This report discusses this case along with a brief review of the pulmonary echinococcosis literature. This is a case report of a pulmonary hydatid disease in a young man whose disease course was complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax and empyema. His chest computerized tomography scan revealed the characteristic (Water Lily sign) which is pathognomonic for pulmonary hydatidosis. With proper anti-helminthic and antibiotic treatment along with surgical management, the patient made a remarkable recovery. Pulmonary hydatidosis in not uncommon in this region. Diagnosis can be reached through careful history, imaging, and serological testing. Primary treatment is pharmacological, but surgical interventions may be warranted in select cases.
Are Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a University Hospital in Jeddah Achieving Treatment Goals?
Authors: Radi Suhaib A. , Bashnini Nada K. , Alahwal Hebah Y. , Tashkandi Deemah A. , Sibyani Maram J. , Ayoub Hanin A. , Sabbagh Raghad S. , Al-Shali Khalid Z.
Published: November 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and is very debilitating. Studies have shown that adherence to treatment recommendations are rewarded with a decrease in diabetes mellitus - related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess adherence to the American Diabetes Association treatment goals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study, between February and April, 2013, of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended outpatient clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We included patients provided they were adults (≥ 18 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were regularly followed up at the outpatient clinics, and they have had the disease for more than one year.

Results: We included 201 patients between 27 – 96 years old. Most patients had their blood pressure and creatinine levels measured during each visit, and close to half had their HbA1c levels measured twice in the last year of follow up. Approximately 55.10% of the patients achieved an LDL level < 2.6 mmol/L. A relatively small proportion of the patients had blood pressure measurements and HbA1c levels within the recommended guidelines (29.03% and 24.53%, respectively).

Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is not very well controlled. This could be attributed to physicians’ factors and patients’ factors. Further studies to assess this issue are recommended.
Misdiagnosed Celiac Disease:
Authors: Alahdal Abdulrahman M.
Published: November 2019

The advancement of technologies including the availability of sensitive and specific serological screenings and endoscopic intestinal examinations has led to increased awareness and recognition of silent epidemic celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in the last two decades. The objective of this case report is to describe the importance of routine screening of celiac disease in patients with non-specific (common) intestinal symptoms, particularly those with irritable bowel syndrome. The author reported the clinical progress of a 44-year-old Saudi male patient presented with non-specific intestinal symptoms initially misdiagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. The investigations, including serological testing and endoscopic duodenal biopsy, revealed that the patient had celiac disease. After a course of gluten-free diet, his intestinal symptoms significantly improved. This case report emphasizes the importance of thorough investigations for patients with irritable bowel syndrome to exclude celiac disease.
Geriatric Visits to the Emergency Department at an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abualenain Jameel T. , Kamfar Daniah M. , Faden Ekram S. , Basheikh Mohammed A.
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Geriatric patients aged more than 60 years are a vulnerable group of patients needing special care in the emergency department. This study aims to determine the prevalence of geriatric patients visiting the emergency department and explore the various aspects of those visits. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all emergency department visits from August 2016 to July 2017 was performed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Results: Of 34,127 emergency department visits by adults, 6,533 (19.14%) were made by geriatric patients (age range, 60-115 years; average, 71.25 years), representing about 45 nationalities (48.62% were Saudi). Triage priority using the “Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale” showed that 36.08% of the visits were emergencies, 49.35% were urgent, and 14.57% were non-urgent. Most (40.47%) of the visits were made during the morning, almost double the number made at night (23.30%). Geriatric patients presenting with a single complaint represented 62.47% of these visits, those presenting with two complaints represented 31.01%, and those presenting three or more complaints, 6.52%. The most common complaints were dyspnea (25.28%), chest pain (13.16%), and abdominal pain (10.82%). In the final diagnoses, diseases of circulatory system were most frequent (15.20%). The admission rate was 28.38%, and the mortality rate was 1.94%.

Conclusion: Geriatric patients visiting the emergency department represent one-fi ft h of all emergency department visits by adults. They commonly present with complex medical conditions, making the approach to their diagnoses more challenging. Therefore, we recommend paying greater attention using multidisciplinary services and follow up.
Effects of the mechanical factors on the peeling of cassava
Authors: Sagragao Jesus , Tan Daniel Leslie
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the clearance distance angular speed and direction of rotation of the rollers to the mechanical peeling of cassava. A device consisting of two furrowed rollers with straight corrugations about 2 mm deep, lever root presser and driving mechanism all attached to the frame was evaluated according to its peeling recovery and degree of peeling at the following factor combinations: clearance distance between rollers at 80% and 90% of the diameter of the roots, three angular speed combinations at 175 x 144 rpm, 175 x 180 rpm and 175 x 405 rpm and directions of rotations (the same and opposite) of the rollers. The Lakan variety of cassava was used in the evaluation. The cassava root with at least uniform diameters of 35 mm, 50 mm and 65 mm was fed individually, parallel to the axial rotation of the rollers then pressed to the rollers. Results indicated that the efficient peeling of the cassava roots was attained at 175 x 405 rpm at the 90% clearance distance of the same direction of rotation of the rollers.