bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research ethics: ethical review and beyond
Authors: Palm Elin , Lindblom Lars
Published: November 2024

Science is a collective endeavor highly dependent on public acceptance and trust. Research findings must be reliable to serve the surrounding society as well as the research community itself. Evidence-based practice and policy recommendations may become ineffective or even dangerous if based on fraudulent research findings. Research persons directly involved in research projects and stakeholders affected by the research outcome should be able to trust in researchers´ integrity and rest assured that their rights and interests are duly respected within academic research. As David B Resnik notes, those who produce knowledge bear responsibility for the effects of the knowledge that they produce (Resnik, 1998:147). However, good research practice is not only about individual responsibility-taking and compliance. It is also a matter of conditions for good research practice within the organizations where academic research is conducted. Being the entities responsible for research, universities and higher education institutions are obligated to foster and maintain scientific integrity (Högskolelagen 1992:1434) and good research practice (Higher education ordinance/Högskoleförordningen (1993:100) chapter 1, 3 a §). They must also ensure that co-workers can get advice and support in questions regarding good research practice and deviations from such conduct (Chapter 1, 16 §).
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar levels on soil CO2 emission and wheat yield in irrigation region
Authors: Yang Weijun , Zhang Liyue , Chen Yuxin , Su Lili , Zhao Lining , Li Pengying , Zhao Hongmei , Jia Hongtao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study examined the impact of biochar application on agricultural productivity and greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated regions of northern Xinjiang. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar levels on soil respiration rate, enzyme activity, and spring wheat yield.

Materials and methods

The experiment employed a randomized block design comprising two nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1: 300 kg·hm-2 and N2: 255 kg·hm-2) and four biochar levels (B0: 0 kg·hm-2, B1: 10×103 kg·hm-2, B2: 20×103 kg·hm-2, and B3: 30×103 kg·hm-2). This resulted in eight groups (N1B0, N1B1, N1B2, N1B3, N2B0, N2B1, N2B2, and N2B3), each replicated three times.

Results and discussion

The findings indicated that the N2B2 group exhibited a reduction in soil CO2 emissions, with a cumulative decrease of 4.42% in CO2 emissions compared to the N2B0 control. The application of biochar and/or nitrogen fertilizer, particularly in combination, was observed to increase soil urease, sucrase, and catalase activities. The N2B2 group exhibited a spring wheat yield of 8301.35 kg·hm-2, representing a 22.1% increase over the N1B0 group. This improvement was attributed to the capacity of biochar to regulate soil water content variability, stabilize soil aggregate composition, mitigate organic carbon mineralization, and reduce farmland carbon emissions. Furthermore, biochar’s nitrogen fixation provided essential nutrients for soil microorganisms, thereby enhancing enzymatic reactions and promoting crop growth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the N2B2 regime was determined to be the optimal approach for spring wheat cultivation in irrigated regions of northern Xinjiang, resulting in enhanced crop productivity and the mitigation of carbon emissions. Nevertheless, further investigation of its long-term impact on farmland is recommended.
AI-powered contrast-free cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for myocardial infarction
Authors: Cicek Vedat , Bagci Ulas
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular magnetic (CMR) resonance is a versatile tool for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. While gadolinium-based contrast agents are the gold standard for identifying myocardial infarction (MI), their use is limited in patients with allergies or impaired kidney function, affecting a significant portion of the MI population. This has led to a growing interest in developing artificial intelligence (AI)-powered CMR techniques for MI detection without contrast agents. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements in AI-powered contrast-free CMR for MI detection. We explore various AI models employed in the literature and delve into their strengths and limitations, paving the way for a comprehensive understanding of this evolving field.
Clinical analysis of Hem-o-lok closure of the left subclavian artery stump in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection
Authors: Li Jian-Qiang , Sha Tu-Min , Dong Ping , Li Xiao-Xia , Zhang Peng , Zhao Zhen-Qing , Jie Lin-lin , Zha Lei , Liu Chao-Liang
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to summarize the clinical experience of using Hem-o-lok clips for the closure of the left subclavian artery (LSA) stump in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from 96 patients with acute type A aortic dissection admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. The cohort comprised 61 males and 35 females, with an average age of 52 ± 9.57 years and a mean body weight of 79.54 ± 12.57 kg. The mean diameter of the LSA opening was 11.24 ± 1.48 mm, as measured by computer tomography angiography (CTA) of the thoracoabdominal aorta. All patients underwent emergency Sun's procedure. The surgical method for the LSA stump was selected based on the anatomical location, depth of the subclavian artery, vessel diameter, length of the free vessel, and extent of dissection. Techniques included the use of two Hem-o-lok clips, 5–0 prolene suture with one Hem-o-lok clip, and 5–0 prolene suture alone.

Results

All the patients successfully completed Sun's procedure as planned. Two Hem-o-lok clips were used to close the stump of the LSA in 38 cases. A combination of 5–0 prolene suture and one Hem-o-lok clip were used to close the stump of the LSA in 54 cases. The LSA stumps for 4 cases were closed with 5–0 prolene suture only. Postoperative complications included cerebral infarction in one patient, renal insufficiency in one patient, and gastrointestinal bleeding in one patient. There were no surgery-related deaths, no paraplegia,and all patients were successfully discharged. The 1-year follow-up CTA of the thoracoabdominal aorta demonstrated effective thrombosis of the false lumen in the stented segment of the thoracic aorta, no aneurysmal dilatation, and successful closure of the LSA stump.

Conclusions

The simplified approach of Hem-o-lok closure of the LSA stump largely mitigates the difficulty in the LSA operation process,shortens the time of operation and reduces bleeding risk, thus effectively improving a patient's prognosis and yielding satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Fracture reorientation mechanism during hydraulic fracturing based on XFEM simulation
Authors: Li Xiaolong
Published: November 2024

Understanding the reorientation mechanism of near-wellbore hydraulic fractures is very important for optimizing parameters in field fracturing treatments. In this study, a fully 2D coupled seepage–stress model based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) model is applied to investigate the fracture trajectory and reorientation. The numerical model considering pore pressure is verified by a true triaxial laboratory experiment. The results show that the fracture is generally initiated from perforation and rotates to the direction of maximum horizontal stress with different curving distances. The fracture trajectory and reorientation distance can be influenced by the rock mechanics and fracturing application parameters, including elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, tensile strength, perforation angle, horizontal stress difference, and injection rate. More exact behavior of fracture propagation can be described according to the parametric study. The results provided in this paper can be clearer in the prediction of the fracture trajectory and fracturing design in the near-wellbore region.
A bibliometric analysis of sustainable digital transformation in developing countries' higher education
Authors: Omar Abukar Mukhtar , Abdullahi Mohamed Omar
Published: November 2024

The integration of digital technologies in higher education has revolutionized educational experiences, processes, and pedagogical methods, particularly in developing countries. Additionally, sustainability in education has become a critical focus, aligning with global efforts to promote sustainable development. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to investigate research trends and patterns in sustainable digital transformation (SDT) within higher education in the context of developing countries from 1991 to 2024. Employing the SCOPUS database, the analysis reveals a significant increase in publications on this topic, highlighting a growing scholarly interest. Key themes identified include digital transformation, innovation, sustainability, and technology-enhanced learning environments. Influential sources and journals contributing to this field are identified, with the Journal of Educational Technology & Society being the most cited. Collaboration networks among researchers are analyzed, showcasing the interconnectedness and interdisciplinary nature of this research area. Thematic evolution mapping indicates a shift from addressing challenges and barriers to exploring opportunities and benefits of digital transformation. The findings underscore the need for tailored approaches to address the unique socio-economic and cultural challenges faced by developing countries. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive overview of how SDT is being explored and implemented in higher education institutions in developing countries, offering insights into future research directions and practical implications for sustainable development in this sector.
Study on the characteristics of carotid wall shear stress in type 2 diabetes patients based on ultrasound vector flow imaging
Authors: Li Zhaohuan , Luo Anguo , Liu Xuebing , Xie Shenghua , Wang Yulin , Deng Lan , Zhong Shimin , Liu Yaoxia , Cao Xu , Du Yigang , Luo Wen , Deng Yan , Yin Lixue
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We aimed to quantitatively analyze wall shear stress (WSS) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and elucidate the relationship between WSS and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using ultrasound vector flow (V-Flow) imaging.

Methods

A total of 109 T2DM patients were selected as the DM group, while 49 healthy volunteers served as the control group. V-Flow examination of the bilateral CCA was conducted. The maximum wall shear stress (WSSmax) and mean wall shear stress (WSSmean) at the bifurcation, proximal bifurcation and middle segment of the bilateral CCA were obtained.

Results

The DM group showed decreased WSSmean in the middle region and proximal bifurcation of the CCA compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The WSSmean was further decreased in T2DM patients with CVD compared to those without CVD (middle region: 0.71 ± 0.17 Pa vs. 0.84 ± 0.24 Pa, p < 0.05; proximal bifurcation: 0.62 ± 0.22 Pa vs. 0.80 ± 0.21 Pa, p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a model combining with age, body mass index and WSSmean at the proximal carotid bifurcation had diagnostic value for detecting CVD in T2DM patients (area under the curve: 0.862, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

WSSmean has potential value for evaluation of atherosclerosis, as well as in detecting the occurrence of CVD in T2DM patients. Ultrasound V-Flow imaging may be an effective tool for non-invasive evaluation of WSS in the clinic.
Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the identification of potential faults of high-voltage power cables
Authors: Fu Han , Ai Yuhao , Qiu Long , Ai Yonghen , Yang Bin , Shi Yihui
Published: November 2024

To address the challenge of identifying hidden faults in high-voltage power cables, this study proposes a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The method aims to provide a comprehensive and effective means of fault identification for operation and maintenance personnel. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method involves several key steps. Firstly, relevant indices are selected from operation monitoring data of high-voltage cables to form a comprehensive evaluation factor set. This set is then matched with an evaluation set established according to corresponding operation guidelines. Secondly, membership functions are established using the triangular distribution function to calculate the cable fault evaluation set. Thirdly, the weights of the evaluation factors are quantified using the analytical hierarchy process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a fault analysis of a city’s 220 kV double-circuit cable system is conducted. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can accurately identify faults in the cable system. The proposed fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method provides a valuable reference for operation and maintenance personnel in identifying hidden faults in high-voltage power cables.
Challenges and effective strategies for developing and scaling solutions to reduce food loss and waste in Kenya’s fruit and vegetable sector
Authors: Owino Willis O. , Kahenya Peter , Wafula Elizabeth , Otieno Geoffrey
Published: November 2024

The sustainability of fresh fruits and vegetables value chains is challenged by high levels of food loss and waste (FLW) in resource-limited economies. In Kenya, where smallholder farmers dominate the food production sector, FLW in fruits and vegetables is estimated at 30-40%. This study investigated the ecosystem of FLW solution providers in Kenya, examining the challenges faced in developing and scaling interventions, and identifying successful strategies to overcome these barriers. A qualitative approach was employed. Primary data on FLW was obtained from solution providers through key informant interviews. The FLW solution providers were categorized as either successful or partially successful based on their commercial viability and operational tenure. The study utilized purposive sampling and a structured interview guide. The study identified several key challenges faced by FLW solution providers which comprised insufficient technical knowledge in food processing and machine operation, limited financial capacity for both operation and scaling, inconsistent supply of raw materials due to seasonality, competition from established companies and artificial products, slow market penetration, and low product acceptability (for partially successful providers). Successful solution providers employed various strategies to overcome these challenges including partnering with universities, governmental and non-governmental organizations for research, development, and initial financing; undertaking comprehensive technical and commercial viability assessments before scaling; adopting product differentiation to capture diverse markets; utilizing preservation techniques like drying and establishing off-take contracts to counter supply inconsistencies and establishing stable external markets and reliable business to business models. The study also revealed the potential for gender-inclusive impact, as many solution providers tend to employ more women due to the nature of the work. The findings highlight the critical role of partnerships, comprehensive market research, and adaptive strategies in developing successful FLW solutions. The contrast between successful and partially successful solution providers underscores the importance of comprehensive planning, technical expertise, and market-oriented approaches. By learning from successful solution providers and addressing key challenges, stakeholders can create more sustainable and effective interventions to reduce FLW and improve food security and nutrition status, and enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
A large filarial hydrocele in Kenya: a case report
Authors: Waihenya Charles , Githui Sheila , Schouame Edgard
Published: November 2024

Morbidity Management and Disability Prevention (MMDP) remains a key aspect of the Global project for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) a program launched by WHO in the year 2000. In line with this mandate the Ministry of Health in Kenya having already achieved 95% Mass Drug Administration (MDA) by use of door-to-door drug administration (DA-albendazole and diethylcarbamazine) yearly for 5 years. The dosages used were albendazole 400mg and diethylcarbamazine citrate 6mg/Kg orally. Three drug combination by adding ivermectin (150ug/Kg) have been used in areas where the success of DA was suboptimal following the recommendation by WHO to speed up the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and areas endemic with onchocerciasis. A training workshop for surgeons and medical officers was organized in May 2023 for the surgical management of lymphatic hydroceles in the Coastal region of Kenya which is an endemic area for lymphatic filariasis. During the index training workshop in Kilifi, we encountered and managed an 83-year-old male who lived with a large grade 4 hydrocele and a right inguinal hernia for over six decades. We share our experience with this case report in this manuscript (large bilateral filarial hydrocele and right inguinal hernia for a period of sixty years. The objective of writing this report is to share our experience and the progress of MMDP program in Kenya.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular serotype classification in pediatric patients with invasive infections
Authors: Vasconcelos Thaís Muniz , Rodrigues Luiza Souza , Krul Damaris , Barbosa Sabrina da Conceição , Siqueira Adriele Celine , Almeida Samanta Cristine Grassi , Pacheco Souza Ana Paula de Oliveira , Pillonetto Marcelo , Oliveira Rodrigo , Moonen Carolyn Gertruda Josephina , Siebra Christian de Alencar , Dalla-Costa Libera Maria
Published: November 2024

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in the pediatric population (children and infants), with high rates of hospitalization and death. This study aimed to create and validate a classifier for Streptococcus pneumoniae serotyping using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as a rapid alternative to the classical serotyping technique. In this study, a database comprising 76 clinical isolates, including 18 serotypes (predominantly serotypes 19A, 6C, and 3) of S. pneumoniae from pediatric patients with IPD, was tested at a tertiary pediatric hospital in southern Brazil during 2016–2023. All isolates were previously serotyped using the Quellung reaction, and 843 FT-IR spectra were obtained to create a classification model using artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning. After the creation of this classifier, internal validation was performed using 384 spectra as the training dataset and 459 as the testing dataset, resulting in a predictive accuracy of 98% for serotypes 19A, 6, 3, 14, 18C, 22F, 23A, 23B, 33F, 35B, and 9N. In this dataset, serotypes 10A/16F, 15ABC, and 7CF could not be differentiated and were, therefore, grouped as labels. FT-IR is a promising, rapid, and low-cost method for the phenotypic classification of S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes. This methodology has significant implications for clinical and epidemiological practice, improving patient management, monitoring infection trends, and developing new vaccines.
Extended range proteomic analysis of blood plasma from schizophrenia patients
Authors: Petrovskiy Denis V. , Butkova Tatiana V. , Nikolsky Kirill S. , Kopylov Arthur T. , Nakhod Valeriya I. , Kulikova Liudmila I. , Malsagova Kristina A. , Kibrik Nikolai D. , Rudnev Vladimir R. , Izotov Alexander A. , Kaysheva Anna L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The high prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide makes it necessary to proceed from subjective assessment of patient’s clinical symptoms in diagnosis making to searching for circulating blood biomarkers. On the one hand, searching for molecular markers and targets for therapeutics will make it possible to refine and detail the molecular mechanisms of pathology development, while on the other hand, it will offer new opportunities for elaborating novel approaches to disease diagnosis and enhance efficacy and timeliness of drug therapy.

Methods

In this study, we performed an extended-range proteomic analysis of plasma samples collected from 48 study subjects with confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia and 50 healthy volunteers. The high-resolution tandem mass spectra recorded in the data-dependent acquisition mode were analyzed using the MaxQuant algorithm for the library of known protein sequences and the PowerNovo algorithm for de novo protein sequencing.

Results

It was demonstrated that both strategies show similar results for high-abundance proteins (≥1 μg/mL). For mid-abundance (10 ng/mL – 1 μg/mL) and low-abundance (<10 ng/mL) proteins, the results obtained by the two search strategies complement each other.

Discussion

Group-specific proteins for the samples of schizophrenia patients were identified, presumably being involved in synaptic plasticity, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation, protein stabilization and degradation.
Bacteriophage RNA polymerases: catalysts for mRNA vaccines and therapeutics
Authors: Nair Adithya , Kis Zoltán
Published: November 2024

Decades of research on bacteriophage-derived RNA polymerases (RNAPs) were vital for synthesizing mRNA using the in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction for vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The future success of mRNA-based products relies on the efficiency of its manufacturing process. mRNA manufacturing is a platform technology that complements the quality by design (QbD) paradigm. We applied the QbD framework in combination with key mechanistic insights on RNAP to assess the impact of IVT-associated critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the mRNA drug substance and on manufacturing key performance indicators (KPIs). We also summarize the structure-function relationship of T7 RNAP and its engineered mutants aimed at enhancing the critical production of low-immunogenic mRNA therapeutics. Alternatives to the current set of standard RNAPs in large-scale IVTs are also discussed based on a phylogenetic background. Finally, the review dives into the economic implications of improving mRNA manufacturing based on the main enzyme, T7 RNAP, used to synthesize the mRNA drug substance. The review concludes by mapping the relationship between various CMAs and CPPs with different phases of the IVT reaction from a QbD perspective.
Stem cell therapy in Alzheimer’s disease: current status and perspectives
Authors: Ou Chu-Min , Xue Wei-Wei , Liu Dong , Ma Liya , Xie Hai-Tao , Ning Ke
Published: November 2024

An incurable neurogenerative illness, Alzheimer’s disease, is the cause of most global health, medical, and social disasters. The two main symptoms are cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Current medications that target tau protein tangles and Aβ plaques are not very effective because they only slow the symptoms of AD and do not repair damaged cells. Stem cell-based treatments, however, present an alternative strategy in the treatment of AD. They have the capacity to divide into specialized adult cells, have self-renewal abilities, and multiplication. Stem cells can now be employed as a donor source for cell therapy due to developments in stem cell technology. This review covers preclinical and clinical updates on studies based on targeting the tau protein tangles and Aβ plaque, as well as four types of stem cells employed in AD treatment. The review also outlines the two basic pathologic aspects, tau protein tangles and Aβ plaques, of AD.
The correlation between vaginal pathogens and high-risk human papilloma virus infection: a meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Yang Jun , Long Xin , Li Sijing , Zhou Min , Hu Li-Na
Published: November 2024

Background

Systematic study on the relationship between vaginal microbiota and high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HR-HPV) is limited. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between vaginal microbiota and HR-HPV infection through a meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Methods

Chinese Journal Full-text database, Wanfang database, PubMed database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal database, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, JSTOR, Wiley, and IEEE Xplore were synthetically searched for studies about the correlation between vaginal microbiota and HR-HPV infection. Revman 5.3 software was used to assess the relationship between vaginal microbiota and HPV infection through meta-analysis. Finally, forest map was used to calculate the results and funnel plot was applied to test the publication bias.

Results

Fourteen independent studies were admitted in this study, containing a total of 21, 446 women in gynecological outpatients. Compared with HR-HPV negative group, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) [odds ratio (OR)=2.45, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.83-3.27, P<0.00001], Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54, P<0.00001), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (OR=3.53, 95% CI: 2.82-4.41, P<0.00001) increased in HR-HPV positive group through meta-analysis, while, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of trichomonal vaginitis (TV) (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 0.97-2.96, P=0.06) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.54-1.51, P=0.71.

Conclusions

Vaginal pathogens are closely related to HR-HPV infection. When BV, UU, and CT are abnormal, the risk of HR-HPV infection is increased.
Efficacy of combination therapy of vitamin D and bisphosphonates in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yuangui , Yang Mingyue , Su Xuanyi , Xie Feibin
Published: November 2024

Objective

There is currently no consensus on whether the combination therapy of Vitamin D (VitD) and bisphosphonates offers superior efficacy compared to monotherapy in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of recent relevant research to synthesize the available evidence and further investigate whether the combined use of VitD and bisphosphonates is superior to monotherapy in treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Methods and results

We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of monotherapy with VitD or bisphosphonates versus their combination therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, up to 1 February 2024. The articles were independently screened and relevant data were extracted by two investigators. The changes in mean values and percentage changes for bone resorption markers, bone formation markers, bone mineral density, and bone mineral metabolism markers were expressed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was quantitatively described using the I2 test. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses were performed for data with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of monotherapy used, and potential publication bias was assessed. The analysis revealed that the combination of VitD and bisphosphonates demonstrated a more pronounced effect in increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD), and serum calcium (sCa) levels, as well as in decreasing levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (sBALP), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (sCTX), and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (UriNTX) compared to the monotherapy group. However, the combination of VitD and bisphosphonates did not show a significant advantage over monotherapy in terms of improving osteocalcin levels. The differences in the mean changes in osteocalcin, UriNTX, and sCa, as well as the percentage changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The meta-analysis suggests that compared to monotherapy, the combination therapy of VitD and bisphosphonates exhibits a more favorable effect on bone mineral density and bone calcium metabolism-related markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/PROSPERO
Progeny array analysis to estimate outcrossing rates, inbreeding coefficients, and inbreeding depression among native, naturalized, and invasive populations of Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae)
Authors: Dudash Michele R. , Berg Jason A. , Zimmer Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2024

The mating system of non-native plant populations plays a role in determining the colonizing success following introduction into locations outside of the native distribution. For plant species capable of mixed-mating, both selfing and outcrossing can be advantageous and promote the establishment, persistence, and spread of newly arrived populations. To investigate how mating systems may contribute to the invasion process we estimated mating system parameters in perennial populations of the model plant species, Mimulus guttatus from its native range (West coast USA), non-native populations that are established but have not become invasive (East coast USA, >50 years), and populations in invasive regions (UK >200 years). Studies that include mating system data across the continuum of the invasion process are rare, thus here we utilize molecular markers to estimate outcrossing rates (t), inbreeding coefficients (F), and inbreeding depression in native, naturalized, and invasive populations. Overall, we found support for the persistence of mixed-mating across populations, variability in the relationship between outcrossing rates and inbreeding depression across populations, and evidence for the bridgehead process, where non-native populations may be the sources for the further establishment or reinforcement of additional non-native populations. The methodology we deployed had its own assumptions and sampling design constraints, that contributed to the variation in the parameter estimates. All M. guttatus populations likely rely on selfing through both within clone, and within flower and plant mating in addition to vegetative propagation. The results underscore the importance of introduction history in determining the role of both sexual and asexual reproduction in the successful establishment of a plant species outside its native range.
Industry 4.0: a critical reflection on its impacts on family farming
Authors: Apablaza Gustavo Federico
Published: November 2024

This paper identifies groups of disruptive technologies within the framework of Industry 4.0 that can advance and integrate sustainable rural development processes. Technological advances are described and an analysis is made of the possible positive and negative effects of their implementation in family and sustainable agriculture in Brazil. To support family farming's innovative potential here, the restructuring of existing power relations and higher levels of participation, training, and education are required.
Contrasting a Cassian-Merton model of mystical prayer with moments of Big-C creativity in contemporary music
Authors: Priilaid David , Callaghan Christian
Published: November 2024

Within the psychology literature there is a dearth in understanding how and why instances of heightened creativity, or ‘Big-C’, may manifest randomly, often at an early age with minimal practice and experience. In contrast to ordinary “little-c” creativity, depictions of profound creative moments and the means by which they can be attained therefore remain as enigmatic as acts of mystical prayer. Pursuing this metaphor: with little-p equating to ordinary prayer and Big-P equating to mystical prayer, from the work of St. John Cassian and Thomas Merton, we contrast the developmental path of prayer with subjective accounts of little-c and Big-C moments of creativity in the lives of famous 20th century Anglophone artist-musicians. Here, we identify a symmetry between the aetiology of prayer and creativity. As with little-p, the development of little-c creativity is sequential, tracing a path from authenticity to task motivation, to practice and then experience. By contrast, akin to Big-P, Big-C creativity may be obtained moving from authenticity to task motivation, but thereafter circumventing the requirements of elevated practice and experience. Moreover, in moments of extreme creativity, artists manifest a profound surrender of agency as Big-C emerges spontaneously with minimal deliberate thought and an absence of ownership. Thus, drawing on the insights of Cassian-Merton, we present a historically grounded perspective on the spontaneous and enigmatic emergence of Big-C creativity.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of breastfeeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infant
Authors: Zhang Ruolin , Ying Erya , Wu Xiujuan , Qin Han , Guo Yanping , Guo Xin , Yu Zhangbin , Chen Jun
Published: November 2024

Background

Prematurity significantly impacts neonatal health worldwide, necessitating effective interventions to improve outcomes for these vulnerable infants. While breastfeeding has emerged as a cornerstone of preterm care, its precise impact on neurodevelopment remains a subject of ongoing inquiry and debate. This systematic review aims to investigate the existing evidence in this area.

Methods

On December 17, 2023, online databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wan Fang Data were searched. Comparisons were classified into several categories: never breastfeeding (Never-BF) versus exclusive breastfeeding, Never-BF versus any breastfeeding (Any-BF), predominant preterm formula (Pre-PTF) versus predominant breastfeeding (Pre-BF), and Pre-PTF versus predominant donor breast milk (Pre-DBM) groups. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were analyzed separately through meta-analyses. Each study’s risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was utilized to evaluate the certainty of the findings.

Results

Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising one RCT and 15 cohort studies. The key findings indicated that infants in the Any-BF groups demonstrated superior long-term cognitive scores compared to those in the Never-BF groups, particularly evident in infants assessed before 18 months in the Pre-BF groups versus Pre-PTF groups. A reduced risk of neurodevelopmental impairment was also observed in preterm infants in the Any-BF groups. Evidence regarding the effect of breastfeeding on motor development was inconclusive, except for potential motor improvement in extremely low birth weight infants in the Any-BF groups. Neither exclusive breastfeeding nor pre-DBM exhibited clear superiority over Pre-PTF in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants. Caution is warranted due to potential publication bias impacting the assessment of breastfeeding’s impact on motor skills.

Conclusion

Our systematic review supports current recommendations for breastfeeding in preterm infants, emphasizing its positive effects on cognitive abilities and reduced risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Further studies are needed to clarify if DHM provides neurodevelopmental benefits comparable to maternal milk, as current evidence does not sufficiently address this question. Additionally, future investigations should prioritize refining our understanding of the influence of breastfeeding on motor development in this vulnerable population.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023492274, Available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023492274.
Comparison of the effects of three different resistance training methods on muscle fatigue in healthy untrained men
Authors: Kadota Masafumi , Nakamura Masatoshi , Yoshida Riku , Takeuchi Kosuke
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Traditional set (TS), paired-set (PS), and super-set (SS) are used as resistance training methods. However, the effects of these methods on muscle fatigue (muscle strength and training volume) are not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of TS, PS, and SS on the muscle fatigue of the hamstrings and quadriceps.

Methods

Thirteen healthy, untrained men performed three sets of leg curl and leg extension exercises. TS included three successive sets of the leg curl and leg extension exercises with a 60 s rest interval between sets and exercises. In the PS, leg curl exercises were performed alternatingly with the leg extension exercises with a 60 s rest interval between sets and exercises. In the SS, leg curl and leg extension exercises were performed alternatively with each set. During SS, a 60 s rest interval was set between sets but not between exercises. Muscle strength before and immediately after interventions, and training volume during the training, were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer machine. Time efficiency was calculated by dividing the total training volume by the time required for each intervention.

Results and discussion

The muscle strength of the hamstrings decreased in PS (p = 0.039) and SS (p = 0.001) but did not change in TS (p = 0.434). Muscle strength of the quadriceps decreased in all interventions (p < 0.05). In all interventions, the training volume of the hamstrings decreased in Set 2 (p < 0.05), and that of the quadriceps decreased in Set 3 (p < 0.05). The total training volume in PS was higher than TS (p < 0.01) and SS (p = 0.03). Time efficiency in SS was higher than TS (p < 0.01) and PS (p < 0.01). These results indicated that PS could be useful for individuals with sufficient time for resistance training because of greater training volume, while SS could be useful for those with limited time due to better time efficiency.
Impact of irrigation participation on households food security in a rural area of Ethiopia: application of propensity score matching (PSM) method for causal inference
Authors: Ebrahim Endris Assen , Toy Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Irrigation plays an imperative role in the expansion of agriculture production and productivity growth that reduces food security. Implementing irrigation schemes is a crucial step towards ending poverty and enhancing food security. A strong association between farmers’ engagement in irrigated agriculture boosts households’ annual income and food expenditure and improves households’ food security. To what extent, though, does the households’ food security in the Dessie Zuria District that employs irrigation surpass the food security of other households that rely on rainfall remains unclear. In addition, there is not enough information available in the research area about how irrigation affects household income or expenditure and food security. Thus, this study aims to assess the factors influencing households’ participation in small-scale irrigation and the effect of irrigation on food security. This study covers the severity of the issue and closes any gaps.

Methods

Multistage random sampling was used to consider the proportion of the heterogeneous groups to the entire population. The data were gathered in 2023 at Dessie Zuria District from a survey of 198 households (92 small-scale irrigation users and 106 non-users). Utilizing the logistic regression model, the variables affecting the likelihood of small-scale irrigation engagement were examined. Propensity Score Matching was used to examine the impacts of small-scale irrigation on households’ food security using the household’s annual income and their annual food expenditure as proxy variables. Eleven explanatory variables were used and a logit analysis result showed household family size, livestock holding in total livestock unit, access to credit, sex of households, and cultivable land were found as the main factors of small-scale irrigation participation.

Results

The Propensity Score Matching model result indicates that the adoption of small-scale irrigation increases the average annual income and annual food expenditure by 60, 273.27 (54.88%) and 5,589.12 (55.31%) Ethiopian Birr, respectively. Therefore, to recover the food security of agricultural households’ current situation stakeholders should give due attention to the growth of small-scale irrigation.
Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xiao Guanglin , He Taiyu , Zhang Biqiong , Yang Ziqiao , Ling Ning , Chen Min , Zhang Dazhi , Hu Peng , Zhang Gaoli , Peng Mingli , Cai Dachuan , Ren Hong
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 2020 to 2024. Data was extracted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The random-effects model (when I2 ≥ 50%) or fixed effect model (I2 < 50%) was used.

Results

29 studies were included in this review. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), patients with CLD had a higher incidence of mild adverse events (RR = 1.60, p < 0.001), while the incidence of severe adverse events was similar (RR = 1.08, p = 0.92). Seropositivity rates of three antibodies in patients were lower than in HCs [neutralizing antibody (RR = 0.86, p = 0.002), anti-spike antibody (RR = 0.97, p = 0.06) and anti-receptor binding domain antibody (RR = 0.95, p = 0.04)]. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients had lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and death (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines showed good safety and efficacy in CLD patients, but antibody response appeared to be decreased. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and booster doses should be given priority in this vulnerable population.
A Phase II, Open-Label Study of Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusions in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Following Upfront Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: LeBlanc Richard , Thiant Stéphanie , Terra Rafik , Ahmad Imran , Claveau Jean-Sébastien , Bambace Nadia , Bernard Léa , Cohen Sandra , Delisle Jean-Sébastien , Lachance Silvy , Kiss Thomas , Roy Denis-Claude , Sauvageau Guy , Roy Jean
Published: November 2024

Background: To date, the only potential curative treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) remains allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), although, most patients will eventually relapse. In relapsed patients, donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) have been reported to control disease, but the optimal strategy prior to and doses of DLIs remain unclear. With this study (NCT03413800), we aimed to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of lenalidomide and dexamethasome (Len/Dex) followed by escalating pre-determined doses of DLIs in MM patients who relapsed after allo HCT. Methods: Patients aged 18–65 years with relapsed MM following upfront tandem autologous (auto)/allo HCT were eligible. Treatment consisted of six cycles of Len/Dex followed by three standardized doses of DLIs: 5 × 106 CD3+/kg, 1 × 107/kg and 5 × 107/kg every 6 weeks. Bone marrow minimal measurable disease (MRD) using flow cytometry (10−5) was performed at enrolment, then every 3 months for 2 years or until disease progression, in a subset of patients. The primary endpoint was efficacy as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) at 2 years following Len/Dex/DLIs. Secondary objectives were safety including GVHD, response including MRD status and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 22 patients participated in this study, including 62% with high-risk cytogenetics. With a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range: 4.1–6.1), PFS and OS were 26.5% (95% CI: 10.4–45.9%) and 69.2% (95% CI: 43.3–85.1%), respectively. Overall, the best responses achieved post-Len/Dex + DLIs were complete remission in 9.1%, very good partial response in 50%, and progressive disease in 40.9%. Among the nine patients tested for MRD, only two achieved a negative status after receiving DLIs. Six patients died, all due to disease progression. No acute GVHD was observed after DLIs. We report a very low incidence of moderate/severe chronic GVHD of 18.2% with no need for systemic immunosuppressants one year after diagnosis. No unexpected adverse events were observed. Interestingly, a positive correlation between response to Len/Dex re-induction and response to DLIs was found (p = 0.0032). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Len/Dex/DLIs in second line treatment after upfront tandem auto/allo HCT in relapsed MM patients remains feasible and safe. With a potential correlation between induction chemotherapy and DLI responses, more potent induction regimens together with higher doses of DLIs should be considered in the future.
Bouncing Beyond Adversity in Oncology: An Exploratory Study of the Association Between Professional Team Resilience at Work and Work-Related Sense of Coherence
Authors: Tremblay Dominique , Berbiche Djamal , Roy Mathieu , Prady Catherine , Durand Marie-José , Landry Marjolaine , Lessard Sylvie
Published: November 2024

Team resilience at work (TR@W) is an important resource for bouncing beyond adverse situations. Adopting a health-promoting salutogenic approach, this cross-sectional study explores whether oncology team resilience, which is significantly associated with work-related sense of coherence (Work-SoC), and examines the roles of team member characteristics, quality of work life, and perceived impact of COVID-19. Team members (n = 189) from four oncology settings in Québec (Canada) completed self-administered e-questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the best-fitting model and significant relationships among study variables. The results showed a significant positive reciprocal relationship between TR@W and Work-SoC (R = 0.20) and between Work-SoC and TR@W (R = 0.39). These two variables were influenced by gender, gender roles, age, or COVID-19. The resulting model confirms our initial assumption that a higher level of TR@W is significantly associated with a more positive Work-SoC. Our findings provide new insights into subscale items perceived positively by oncology team members, such as perseverance, connectedness, and capability; and identify areas, such as self-care, within the team that may require greater attention to bounce beyond adversity. They also suggest there may be different levels (individual, team, and organizational) of resources under the health salutogenic umbrella.
Sex-Related Differences in Immunotherapy Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cohen Sara Frida , Cruiziat Diane , Naimer Jeremy , Cohen Victor , Kasymjanova Goulnar , Spatz Alan , Agulnik Jason
Published: November 2024

Background: Immunotherapy with ICIs has revolutionized the treatment for NSCLC. The impact of sex on treatment outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex-related differences in immunotherapy outcomes in a real-world population of NSCLC patients. Methods: Demographics, clinical, pathological characteristics, and treatment-related variables were analyzed to understand the differences in efficacy and safety outcomes in relation to sex. Results: 174 advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line ICIs, either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy, were included. No differences based on gender were observed in PFS and OS. Prognostic factors for OS and PFS included liver metastases and CRP levels at treatment discontinuation (TD). IrAE-related TD occurred at a significantly higher rate in females. GI toxicity, including hepatitis and colitis, was predominantly observed in females, whereas pneumonitis was the most frequent irAE leading to TD in males. Conclusions: Despite no significant differences based on gender being observed in survival outcomes, our study showed that female patients with advanced NSCLC receiving ICIs are at a substantially greater risk of severe symptomatic irAEs and TD. This finding indicates that broad-based sex differences could potentially exist and emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role played by gender in immunity and cancer immunotherapy treatment.