bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Fiber Optic SPR Sensors: Realization Methods, Application Status, and Future Prospects
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Han Bo , Zhang Ya‐nan , Liu Yingxuan , Zheng Wanlu , Zhao Yong
Published: June 2022

Fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have demonstrated outstanding performance in biomedical, environmental monitoring, public safety, and other aspects, which provide powerful platforms for qualitative detection and quantitative analysis of molecular interactions. Among them, multichannel fiber optic SPR sensor has become a core tool in parallel detection scenarios due to the superiorities of compensating for nonspecific binding and environmental fluctuations and implementing multianalyte determination. The realization methods of multichannel sensing revolve around fiber microstructures, enhancement by materials, and hybrid fiber. The applications of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensors are demonstrated in sensing of liquid refractive index (RI), RI and temperature, biochemical molecules, and physical parameters. This review thoroughly analyzes and compares the structure, excitation effect, sensing performance, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensor. Even though there are still some challenges, such as insufficient sensing channels and difficulty in fabrication, in their advancement, efforts in multidiscipline including developing high‐performance sensitive films and innovating micro–nano fabrication processes will overcome these bottlenecks. Lastly, the future development directions of multichannel fiber optic SPR sensors from principle, structure, and material aspects are discussed.
Re‐Stickable Yarn Supercapacitors with Vaper Phase Polymerized Multi‐Layered Polypyrrole Electrodes for Smart Garments
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wan Tao , Yuan Wenxiong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Jia Xiaoteng , Shu Kewei , Feng Lei , Min Yonggang
Published: June 2022

Yarn supercapacitors have attracted significant attention for wearable energy storage due to their ability to be directly integrated with garments. Conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) based yarn supercapacitors show limited cycling stability because of the huge volume changes during the charge–discharge processes. In addition, laundering may cause damage to such yarn supercapacitors. Here, the fabrication of PPy‐based re‐stickable yarn supercapacitors is reported with good cycling stability by employing vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and water‐soluble polyethylene oxide (PEO) film as the adhesive layer. VPP duration and cycle are controlled to achieve multi‐layered PPy electrodes. The assembled yarn supercapacitors show a good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 79.1% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored in the yarn supercapacitor is sufficient to power a photodetector. After gluing the yarn supercapacitors onto a PEO film, the devices can be stunk on and peeled off the garment to avoid the mechanical stresses during the washing process. Three yarn supercapacitors connected in parallel on PEO film show negative changes in electrochemical performance after 5 sticking‐peeling cycles. This work provides a facile way to fabricate PPy‐based re‐stickable energy storage devices with high cycling stability for smart garments.
Advances in high‐resolution mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of high mass‐to‐charge ions
Authors: Lai Yin‐Hung , Wang Yi‐Sheng
Published: June 2022

A major challenge in modern mass spectrometry (MS) is achieving high mass resolving power and accuracy for precision analyses in high mass‐to‐charge (m/z) regions. To advance the capability of MS for increasingly demanding applications, understanding limitations of state‐of‐the‐art techniques and their status in applied sciences is essential. This review summarizes important instruments in high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and related advances to extend their working range to high m/z regions. It starts with an overview of HRMS techniques that provide adequate performance for macromolecular analysis, including Fourier‐transform, time‐of‐flight (TOF), quadrupole‐TOF, and related data‐processing techniques. Methodologies and applications of HRMS for characterizing macromolecules in biochemistry and material sciences are summarized, such as top‐down proteomics, native MS, drug discovery, structural virology, and polymer analyses.
Leader in substance use treatment moves into residential mental health
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2022

One of the most nationally prominent names in residential addiction treatment services is venturing into residential care for patients with a primary mental health disorder. West Palm Beach, Florida‐based Hanley Center opened an eight‐bed residential mental health program late last month.
Research brief explores MH disorders among Hispanic parents
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

More than one‐third of Latino parents have experienced a mental health disorder at some point in their lives, a rate lower than among non‐Hispanic parents, according to a new brief from the National Research Center on Hispanic Children & Families. Researchers also found that the prevalence of the disorders varies among Latino subgroups.
Metallomic and Untargeted Metabolomic Signatures of Human Milk from SARS‐CoV‐2 Positive Mothers
Authors: Arias‐Borrego Ana , Soto Cruz Francisco J. , Selma‐Royo Marta , Bäuerl Christine , García Verdevio Elia , Pérez‐Cano Francisco J. , Lerin Carles , Velasco López Inés , Martínez‐Costa Cecilia , Collado M. Carmen , García‐Barrera Tamara
Published: June 2022

Scope

Lack of information about the impact of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on the elemental and metabolomic profile of human milk (HM).

Methods and results

An observational study on HM from mothers with COVID‐19 is conducted including a prepandemic control group. Maternal–infant clinical records and symptomatology are recorded. The absolute quantification of elements and untargeted relative metabolomic profiles are determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, respectively. Associations of HM SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies with elemental and metabolomic profiles are studied. COVID‐19 has a significant impact on HM composition. COVID‐19 reduces the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Se, Ni, V, and Aluminium (Al) and increases Zn compared to prepandemic control samples. A total of 18 individual metabolites including amino acids, peptides, fatty acids and conjugates, purines and derivatives, alcohols, and polyols are significantly different in HM from SARS‐CoV‐2 positive mothers. Aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine, and linoleic acid pathways are significantly altered. Differences are obtained depending on COVID‐19 symptomatic and asymptomatic status.

Conclusions

This study provides unique insights about the impact of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the elemental and metabolomic profiles of HM that warrants further research due the potential implications for infant health.
Nocturnal enuresis in children: Parents' perspectives
Authors: Huang Wen‐Jiao , Liang Yuan‐Yuan , Yang Qian , Ma Xue
Published: June 2022

Aim

Parents of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) may have uncertainty and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the level of uncertainty and anxiety in the parents of children with NE and analyse its influencing factors.

Design

We conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study among the parents of children with NE in China.

Methods

A general information questionnaire, the Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS), and the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the parental uncertainty level independently.

Results

A total of 247 valid questionnaires were collected. The PPUS score of children with NE was 81.18 ± 10.82, and the anxiety self‐rating scale score was 41.86 ± 9.20. Parents' working status, the family’s per capita monthly income, and the children’s treatment time were the main influencing factors of parental illness uncertainty.
Engaging nursing students in a COVID‐19 Point‐of‐Care rapid screening clinic
Authors: Dhari Ranjit , Haase Kristen , Ranger Manon , Tan Elsie , Affleck Frances , Bailey Elisabeth , Wong Sabrina T.
Published: June 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic has globally impacted nursing education, particularly clinical learning opportunities for undergraduate nursing students.

Purpose

In this paper, we report on an educational activity wherein students participated in a COVID‐19 Rapid Antigen Testing (RAT) clinic on a Canadian university campus.

Methods

Between February–April 2021, in the second term of a five‐term accelerated program, nursing students (n = 60) participated in a nurse‐led COVID‐19 RAT clinic for students and staff living or working in congregate housing. Students participated in education activities which exposed nursing students to the full range of community health nursing roles in a pandemic.

Results

From clinical, research, policy, and public health, this educational activity acted as a microcosm of the critical roles that nurses employ in the health ecosystem.

Conclusion

We offer lessons learned about implementing this activity, and how these lessons can be applied to routine and exceptional nursing curriculum.
Graves, landmarks, or sacrificial monuments? The human osteology and paleopathology of the Bronze Age burial cairns in Finland
Authors: Salo Kati , Saipio Jarkko , Hentunen Maddie , Mannermaa Kristiina , Oinonen Markku
Published: June 2022

During the Bronze Age (BA; ca. 1800–500 BC), cremation became the dominant burial practice in Finland. These BA cremations have been excavated from burial cairns in Finland for more than 150 years. This work provides new information on human osteology from this previously understudied area in northeastern Europe. The results cover the earliest period in Finnish prehistory for which large‐scale human osteological assemblages are available. In this article, we present a comprehensive human osteological study on the curated bone collections of the National Museum of Finland and other provincial museums and provide new radiocarbon datings of the cairns. The results show that the cairns were most often used for single burials, without accompanying animals or artifacts. Double and multiple burials became more common in the Iron Age. Porotic hyperostosis was a common finding. Signs of osteoarthritis are more common in the central Satakunta region, where Iron Age burial practices first emerged already during the Late BA. These observed changes can be connected to changes in subsistence strategies that also enabled permanent settlements.
Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with twin‐anemia polycythemia sequence complicating twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome using different twin‐anemia polycythemia sequence diagnostic criteria
Authors: Mustafa Hiba J. , Cermak Rachel , Pedersen Nicole , Harman Christopher , Turan Ozhan M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate whether the presence of twin‐anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) or post‐laser TAPS would change outcomes using different TAPS diagnostic criteria.

Methods

TTTS cases undergoing laser surgery between 2012 and 2020 were included. Groups included pre‐laser TTTS‐only compared to TTTS + TAPS, and no post‐laser TAPS compared to post‐laser TAPS. Three prenatal TAPS diagnostic criteria were used: group A: middle cerebral artery‐peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) > 1.5 MoM in one twin and <1 MoM in the other twin, group B: inter‐twin MCA‐PSV difference >1 MoM, and group C: inter‐twin MCA‐PSV difference >0.5 MoM. Perinatal outcomes including survival and severe cerebral injury were investigated.

Results

174 laser procedures were included. TTTS + TAPS cases were 16 in group A, 17 in group B, and 29 in group C. Post‐laser TAPS cases were 11 in group A, 6 in group B, and 12 in group C. There were no differences in preoperative, operative variables and outcomes including survival and severe cerebral injury between groups using all three TAPS diagnostic criteria. The incidence of TTTS + TAPS was highest in group C (16.7%), then group B (9.8%), followed by group A (9.2%). The incidence of post‐laser TAPS was highest in group C (9%), then group A (8.3%), followed by group B (4.5%).

Conclusion

Presence of TAPS complicating TTTS and presence of post‐laser TAPS do not seem to be associated with worse perinatal outcomes including postnatal‐ultrasound detected cerebral injury using three different TAPS criteria. Collaborative studies are needed to investigate the validity and the performance of different TAPS criteria.
Effects of 4‐Br‐A23187 on Bacillus subtilis cells and unilamellar vesicles reveal it to be a potent copper ionophore
Authors: Senges Christoph H. R. , Warmuth Helen L. , Vázquez‐Hernández Melissa , Uzun Huriye Deniz , Sagurna Leonie , Dietze Pascal , Schmidt Claudia , Mücher Brix , Herlitze Stefan , Krämer Ute , Ott Ingo , Günther Pomorski Thomas , Bandow Julia E.
Published: June 2022

Ionophores are small molecules or peptides that transport metal ions across biological membranes. Their transport capabilities are typically characterized in vitro using vesicles and single ion species. It is difficult to infer from these data which effects ionophores have on living cells in a complex environment (e.g., culture medium), since net ion movement is influenced by many factors including ion composition of the medium, concentration gradients, pH gradient, and protein‐mediated transport processes across the membrane. To gain insights into the antibacterial mechanism of action of the semisynthetic polyether ionophore 4‐Br‐A23187, known to efficiently transport zinc and manganese in vitro, we investigated its effects on the gram‐positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. In addition to monitoring cellular ion concentrations, the physiological impact of treatment was assessed on the proteome level. 4‐Br‐A23187 treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular copper levels, the extent of which depended on the copper concentration of the medium. Effects of copper accumulation mirrored by the proteomic response included oxidative stress, disturbance of proteostasis, metal and sulfur homeostasis. The antibiotic effect of 4‐Br‐A23187 is further aggravated by a decrease in intracellular manganese and magnesium. A liposome model confirmed that 4‐Br‐A23187 acts as copper ionophore in vitro.
Anomalous Response in the Orbital Magnetic Susceptibility of 2D Topological Systems
Authors: Faílde Daniel , Baldomir Daniel
Published: June 2022

2D compounds with nonzero Berry curvature are ideal systems to study exotic and technologically favorable thermoelectric and magnetoelectric properties. Within this class of materials, the topological trivial and nontrivial regimes have to present very different behaviors, which are encoded for the orbital susceptibility and magnetization. To try to reveal them, it is found that it was necessary to introduce a k‐dependent mass term in the relativistic formalism of these materials. Thus, while a topologically trivial insulator is predicted to have a very limited response, in the nontrivial regime, a singular contribution to the orbital magnetic susceptibility, which is inversely proportional to the square of the quantum magnetic flux is unveiled. In this scenario, besides determining the measurement conditions a new route for enhancing the intrinsic orbital magnetism of topological materials widening the range of temperatures and magnetic fields without involving tiny bandgaps is found.
Ovarian serous carcinoma in which mediastinal recurrence of the cancer was resected 16 years after surgery: A case report
Authors: Miura Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Goto Shinichi , Yamamoto Tomoko
Published: June 2022

We report a rare case of ovarian carcinoma in which a mediastinal recurrence was resected 16 years after the initial operation. A 72‐year‐old woman underwent hysterectomy with adnexectomy for stage IIIC ovarian serous carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. Three years after surgery, left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis occurred, and radiotherapy and two courses of chemotherapy were administered. Six years before presentation, a metastasis at the right cardiophrenic lymph node was resected, and six courses of chemotherapy were administered. During follow‐up, a retrosternal tumour was found. The metastatic lesion in contact with the diaphragm was thought to result from pleuroperitoneal communication, and it increased in size. Although high‐grade serous carcinoma is aggressive, its sensitivity to chemotherapy may suppress early recurrence, contributing to good outcomes, but with late recurrence. Multidisciplinary therapy including surgery is required for improved long‐term prognosis for mediastinal metastasis of ovarian serous carcinoma.
Indurated Erythema of Abdominal Skin: An Unusual Presentation of Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma—Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Niebel Dennis , Kranert Paula , Berneburg Mark , Drexler Konstantin , von Eichborn Maria Isabel , Braess Jan , Allgäuer Michael , Karrer Sigrid
Published: June 2022

Carcinoma erysipelatoides (CE) is a rare clinical manifestation of cutaneous metastasis, which mimics inflammatory conditions such as erysipelas. Depending on the site of the originating tumour, unusual manifestations involving different sites of the body may occur. We herein report a case of a 60-year-old female patient with metastatic endometrial carcinoma presenting as CE of the abdominal skin and the inguinal folds. Even though the diagnosis of advanced malignancy had been established before and she was currently receiving chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel), the clinical appearance closely resembled fungal (candidal intertrigo) and consecutively bacterial (erysipelas) infection, which resulted in treatment with antimycotics and antibiotics at first. Dermatohistopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a diffuse and nodular infiltrate of pleomorphic atypical tumour cells with strong expression of cytokeratin 7 and PAX8, also detectable within lymphatic vessels. Therapy comprised antiseptic ointments to prevent superinfection, palliative electron beam radiation and supportive care. Since there were no targetable KRAS-, NRAS- and BRAF-gene mutations, systemic therapy was switched to checkpoint inhibition (pembrolizumab) in combination with lenvatinib. The overall prognosis of cutaneous metastasis of endometrial carcinoma is dismal with most patients succumbing to disease within few months. Similarly, our patient died after 3 months due to sepsis in the course of malignant pleural effusion. We aim to highlight the possibility of unusual sites of CE and the risk of respective clinical misdiagnoses.
Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over CeO2 and La2O3 Oxides Supported Nickel Catalysts: The Effect of the Support and NiO Loading
Authors: Benrabaa Rafik , Fares Aissat , Fodil Cherif Nawal , Gouasmia Abir , Yeste Pilar , Cauqui Miguel‐Angel
Published: June 2022

CeO2 and La2O3 oxides supported NiO loading (5 and 20 wt%) were synthesized, characterized by ICP‐AES, XRD, IR‐ATR, SEM, B.E.T, H2‐TPR and applied to CO oxidation with and without pretreatment under H2 atmosphere. It was shown that the support has a significant effect on the bulk, surface and reactivity properties. The reduction of nickel to metallic species occurred at higher temperatures in ceria case. 20‐Ni/La sample showed the best catalytic activity without reduction but this behavior mitigates when the sample pretreated under H2 indicating that the presence of different kinds sites responsible of CO oxidation. An opposite reactivity property was obtained in 5‐Ni/La and 20‐Ni/La cases and the interfacial γ‐type NiO interactions decreases with NiO loading which was coincident with CO oxidation activity. The active species in 20‐Ni/La sample is of type metal/support interface≡γ‐NiO/La2O3. In contrast, for 5‐Ni/La and 20‐Ni/Ce catalysts, γ‐NiO active sites incorporated into support is available.
Detection of Acetylcholine in an Enzyme‐Free System Based on a GCE/V2O5 NRs/BPM Modified Sensor
Authors: Musarraf Hussain Mohammad , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hasnat Mohammad A. , Ben Aoun Sami , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: June 2022

In this approach, vanadium pentoxide nanorods (V2O5NRs) were prepared by utilizing a facile wet‐chemical approach (WCA) in an alkaline phase at low temperatures then applied to detect acetylcholine. Various optical techniques, such as Ultra‐Violet spectroscopy (UV‐Visible), Fourier Transform Infra‐red spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Emission Microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) and X‐ray Photo‐electron Spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to analyse the V2O5NRs for structural, optical, functional, morphological and elemental analyses. Adjustment of the light weight fabrication of NRs onto Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited sensitive and selective acetylcholine sensor probe. Based on the stable current‐voltage relationship, analytical sensing parameters like sensitivity, Linear dynamic range (LDR), Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of quantification (LOQ), durability and interference measurement of the fabricated sensor (GCE/V2O5NRs/BPM) for acetylcholine detection were evaluated and reported in this paper. Here, Nafion was used as a binding polymer matrix (BPM) for the fabrication of flat GCE with V2O5NRs. Acetylcholine calibration curve was found to be linear throughout in a broad range of concentration of target acetylcholine analyte. Calibration curve was employed to calculate the sensing parameters such as sensitivity (101.27 nAμM−1cm−2), LOD down to 11.58 pM, LOQ (38.60 pM) and LDR (100 pM∼100 μM) of the developed GCE/V2O5NRs/BPM sensor probe. The use of the facile WCA method for the synthesis of low‐dimensional V2O5NRs is a good strategy for developing an un‐doped nano‐material based sensor for enzyme‐free bio‐molecule recognition and detection via this electrochemical approach. The developed (GCE/V2O5NRs/BPM) sensor probe could be used to selectively detect acetylcholine in real biological samples by electrochemical method with satisfactory outcomes.
Preparation of BiVO4/RGO‐TNT Nanomaterials for Efficient and Recyclable Photocatalysis of Imidacloprid Insecticide
Authors: Piao Mingyue , Sun Yuwei , Wang Yixuan , Teng Honghui
Published: June 2022

The photocatalytic composites based on BiVO4, TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal synthesis method. The properties and structures of the samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV‐Vis DRS, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and XPS. The effects of RGO‐TNT loading, pH, and dosage of catalysts on degradation efficiency were tested. The best removal results were occured on the condition that loading amount of RGO‐TNT was 10 %, solution pH 10, and catalyst dosage was 1.4 g L−1. The obtained ternary composite with 10 wt% RGO‐TNT exhibited a significant enhancement in photocatalytic efficiency due to the lower band gap with enhanced light absorption and a suppression in the recombination rates of the photogenerated charge carriers, and about 73 % of imidacloprid was degraded within 30 min under UV irradiation. Furthermore, BiVO4/RGO‐TNT‐10 can be reused for 6 times without obvious catalysis loss. Trapping experiments showed that hydroxyl radicals were the main active species in the imidacloprid photocatalytic degradation, and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the results of trapping experiments.
Evolving Trends for C−C Bond Formation Using Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Pasricha Sharda , Chaudhary Ankita , Srivastava Abhay
Published: June 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), also called “Organic Zeolites,” are crystalline porous organic polymers with robust and pre‐designable architecture and high crystallinity. They can be structurally controlled and functionally managed, due to the availability of diverse organic functionalities, covalent linkages and topologies. The current review briefly outlines their design strategies and comprehensively discusses their applications in the carbon‐carbon bond formation reactions. The reactivity of COF‐based catalysts with their homogeneous counterparts, catalyst stability, role of matrix, tailored organocatalysts and substituent effect on the reaction parameters, chemo‐/stereo‐/regioselectivity, shape/size selectivity are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of functionalized COF‐based catalysts are discussed. These discussions will provide a better understanding of the role of COF‐based catalysts in the C−C bond formation and will also open doors to the design and synthesis of more robust, sustainable and benign catalytic systems, which might play a key role in organic synthesis and catalysis.
Quinolone‐Rhodanine Hybrid Compounds: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation as Anti‐Bacterial Agents
Authors: Cebeci Yıldız Uygun , Karaoğlu Şengül Alpay
Published: June 2022

As potential antimicrobial agents, 4‐fluoroaniline and diethyl (ethoxymethylene)malonate were used to efficiently synthesize a new quinolone (3‐9) series. The 1HNMR and 13C NMR, IR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis of all compounds were used to identify them. The final compounds 3–9 were in vitro screened for antimicrobial activity against gram negative‐gram positive Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and fungal strains Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The best antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by compounds 9a and 9b. Antimicrobial resistance and microbial infection could benefit from quinolone derivatives′ ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, according to this study.
NCI Study of the Influence of Steric Hindrance on the Conformational Isomers of Propane, Butane, and Ethane Derivatives
Authors: Briceño‐Vargas Flor M. , Mirón‐López Gumersindo , Quijano‐Quiñones Ramiro F.
Published: June 2022

The role of the steric clash in the rotational energy barrier in CX3CX3 (X=H, CH3, F), propane, and butane compounds was studied using the NCI method and QTAIM approach. We found that the values of the repulsive density integral of NCI agrees with the traditional chemical steric model, as it increases with the size of the substituent. However, not in every case studied here, was the steric clash identified as the origin of the energy barrier. In the ethane case we note the absence of repulsive and attractive NCI across the full spectrum of the dihedral angles studied, whereas only in the propane and butane cases are the results consistent with the classical picture of the steric clash being the origin of the energy barrier. The energy profile for 2,2,3,3‐tetramethylbutane shows two energy barriers of 8.7 kcal/mol and 0.96 kcal/mol, their origin was analysed in terms of the alkyl‐alkyl interactions.
Metal Free Approach towards the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse 1, 2‐Dihydronaphthalene Scaffolds and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Pramanik Amit , Ghatak Avishek , Khanra Somnath , Das Debasis , Rakshit Tatini , Bhar Sanjay
Published: June 2022

Biologically potent and synthetically significant 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene derivatives have gained considerable attention due to their wide applications in industrial as well as in medicinal fields also. A mild and efficient metal‐free protocol via the rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinols has been reported to construct these 1,2‐dihydronaphthalene skeletons utilizing cyclopropane ring as the scaffold. We obtained conjugated dienes and, in some cases, homoallylic chlorides as major products in good to excellent yields. They have no literature precedence till date. The fate of this rearrangement depends on the substituent patterns of the cyclopropane bearing aryl moiety. Besides the synthetic studies, to get deep insight into the electronic transitions, time dependent DFT studies have also been performed.
Improvement in the Performance of an Fe/FeII Electrode in an All‐Iron Redox Flow Battery by the addition of ZnII ions
Authors: Chullipparambil Balakrishnan Jeena , Pulikkotti Peter Moly , Davis Kombarakaran Daiphi , Ambadan Kunjilona Jibin , Vadakkan Thomas Joy
Published: June 2022

Redox flow batteries are the most promising large‐scale energy storage technologies for solving intermittency issues of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, etc. They have favorable features over other battery technologies like high energy efficiency, intrinsic safety, independent scaling, and a long lifetime. Among various RFBs, all‐Iron redox flow batteries are an attractive choice because iron is the second most abundant metal in earth's crust, is cheap and ecofriendly. However, low charging efficiency, parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the negative Fe/FeII electrode, self‐discharge by electrolyte cross‐over, and poor cycle‐life (due to ferric hydroxide precipitation) are the major technical challenges to be overcome for the successful commercialization of all‐iron redox flow batteries. Herein, we report an all‐iron redox flow battery containing Fe/FeII and FeIII/FeII redox couples separated by a self‐made anion exchange membrane. We also examined the impact of adding ZnII ions on the electrochemical performance of the Fe/FeII redox couple. The coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of the cell with 0.03 m ZnCl2 was found to be greater (90 %, 70.96 % and 63.86 %) than those of the cell without ZnCl2 (80 %, 62.06 % and 49.64 %). The results reveal that the addition of small amounts of ZnII ions to the Fe/FeII electrode suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction and increase the cell performance.
Boron‐doped Carbon Dots with Surface Oxygen Functional Groups as a Highly Sensitive and Label‐free Photoluminescence Probe for the Enhanced Detection of Mg2+ Ions
Authors: Sadhanala Hari Krishna , Pagidi Sudhakar , Yadav Suhas , Beiderman Marianna , Grinberg Ilya , Fixler Dror , Gedanken Aharon
Published: June 2022

Magnesium ion (Mg2+) is one of the most significant cations in living systems with involvement in many biochemical reactions and cellular processes and hence, sensitive and specific detection of Mg2+ is therefore essential for various applications. Here, we report the solvothermal synthesis of boron‐doped carbon dots (BC10) with more oxygen surface states by using salicylaldehyde and naphthalene‐1‐boronic acid. The as‐prepared BC10 showed greenish‐white luminescence under 365 nm UV illumination with quantum yield (QY) of 5.5 % at optimum dilution with dimethyl sulfur oxide (DMSO) solvent. The BC10 in DMSO (DS‐BC10) have shown high selectivity and sensitivity towards Mg2+ ion through the increased PL intensity due to chelation‐enhanced photoluminescence (CHEP). The enhanced PL intensity was further supported by the increased QY by a factor of 12 after the addition of Mg2+ ions to 65.7 %. Moreover, the limit of detection of DS‐BC10 is calculated to be 0.4 μM, which is 100 times better than the recently reported carbon dot‐based Mg2+ sensor. Following that, DS‐BC10 is also explored for detection of magnesium ions in lab tap water, seawater, and drinking mineral water with good precision. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP/6‐31G (d) method for the DS‐BC10 and their Mg2+ complexes support the experimental observations.
Synthesis and Structures of Benzyl‐ and Amido‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Palladium Carbene Complexes
Authors: Wang Xin‐Ya , Yang Hsueh‐Hui , Chang Li‐Kuang , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Liu Fu‐Chen , Lin Ivan J. B.
Published: June 2022

The benzyl‐ and amido‐substituted benzimidazolium ligand precursor [Bz‐BimH‐CH2CONH2]Br (1) was synthesized. Under different conditions, the reactions of this ligand precursor with PdBr2 produced palladium carbene complexes: Pd[(Bz‐Bim‐CH2CONH2)2Br2] (2), Pd(Bz‐Bim‐CH2CONH)2 (3), [Pd(Bz‐Bim‐CH2CONH2)(Py)Br2] (4), or [Pd(Bz‐Bim‐CH2CONH2)(CH3CN)Br2] (5). These complexes were characterized by NMR, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. Complex 2 contains two trans rotamers in both the solution and solid state, and a crystal that possesses a trans‐anti conformation is confirmed through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complex 3 contains two cis‐orientated bidentate carbene ligands, and complexes 4 and 5 are mono‐carbene complexes. The chelate rings in complex 3 rendered the methylene protons of the amido‐substituted diastereotopic, and a long range (six bond) through bond interaction between the carbonyl carbon and the methylene protons of the benzyl‐substituent was observed through the HMBC experiment. The catalytic activity studies indicated 4 and 5 are better catalysts in Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction.
Recent Development of Morphology‐Controlled Hybrid Nanomaterials for Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Review
Authors: Kumar Viresh , Kumar Praveen , Deka Rakesh , Abbas Zahir , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: June 2022

Being cognizant of modern electronic devices, the scientists are continuing to investigate renewable green‐energy resources for a decade. Amid different energy harvesting systems, the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been found to be the most promising mechanical harvesting technology and have drawn attention to generate electrical energy. Thanks to its instant output power, choice to opt for wide‐ranging materials, low maintenance cost, easy fabrication process and environmentally friendly nature. Due to numerous working modes of TENGs, it is dedicated to desired application at ambient conditions. In this review, an advance correlation of TENGs have been explained based on the variety of nanostructures, including 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), coordination polymers (CPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and perovskite materials. Moreover, an overview of previous and current perspectives of various nanomaterials, synthesis, fabrication and their applications in potential fields have been discussed in detail.
Powerelectronics‐interfaced cyber‐physicalpower systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity
Authors: Cui Hantao , Zhang Yichen , Tomsovic Kevin L. , Li Fangxing (Fran)
Published: June 2022

We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed.

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Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Open Education as Social Movement? Between Evidence-Based Research and Activism
Authors: Kalz Marco
Published: June 2022

This chapter analyzes open education initiatives through the lens of social movement theory. Open education is introduced as a field with multiple dimensions, activities, and perspectives. Social movement theory is used to discuss along the dimensions of conflict and protest, cultural representation, values and collective action, and the influence of the social, political, and cultural context. Accordingly, epistemic communities are proposed as an alternative development direction for the field.
Groups with many abelian or self-normalizing subgroups
Authors: De Mari Fausto
Published: June 2022

Groups in which every non-abelian subgroup is equal to its normalizer have been recently completely described. This paper investigates locally soluble groups with restrictions on subgroups which are neither abelian nor self-normalizing.
Early human trophoblast development: from morphology to function
Authors: Gauster Martin , Moser Gerit , Wernitznig Stefan , Kupper Nadja , Huppertz Berthold
Published: June 2022

Human pregnancy depends on the proper development of the embryo prior to implantation and the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. During the pre-implantation phase, formation of the morula is followed by internalization of blastomeres that differentiate into the pluripotent inner cell mass lineage, while the cells on the surface undergo polarization and differentiate into the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. The trophectoderm mediates apposition and adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium. These processes lead to a stable contact between embryonic and maternal tissues, resulting in the formation of a new organ, the placenta. During implantation, the trophectoderm cells start to differentiate and form the basis for multiple specialized trophoblast subpopulations, all of which fulfilling specific key functions in placentation. They either differentiate into polar cells serving typical epithelial functions, or into apolar invasive cells that adapt the uterine wall to progressing pregnancy. The composition of these trophoblast subpopulations is crucial for human placenta development and alterations are suggested to result in placenta-associated pregnancy pathologies. This review article focuses on what is known about very early processes in human reproduction and emphasizes on morphological and functional aspects of early trophoblast differentiation and subpopulations.
Interpolation of Generalized Gamma Spaces in a Critical Case
Authors: Ahmed Irshaad , Fiorenza Alberto , Formica Maria Rosaria
Published: June 2022

We establish some interpolation formulae for generalized gamma spaces with double weights in a critical case. Our approach is based on identifying generalized gamma spaces as appropriate K-interpolation spaces with general weights and then applying the reiteration technique for K-interpolation spaces.
Relationship conflict and partner violence by UK military personnel following return from deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Lane Rebecca , Short Roxanna , Jones Margaret , Hull Lisa , Howard Louise M. , Fear Nicola T. , MacManus Deirdre
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Risk of violence by UK military personnel, both towards non-family and family, has been found to be higher post-deployment. However, no UK research to date has attempted to examine relationship conflict and intimate partner violence (IPV) in this period. This study estimated the prevalence of and risk factors for post-deployment relationship conflict and partner violence in UK military personnel.

Methods

We utilised data on military personnel who had deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan (n = 5437), drawn from a large cohort study into the health and well-being of UK military personnel.

Results

34.7% reported relationship conflict (arguing with partner) and 3.4% reported perpetrating physical IPV post-deployment. Males were more likely than females to report relationship conflict. There were similar rates of self-reported physical IPV perpetration among males and females. Among our male sample, factors associated with both relationship conflict and physical IPV perpetration post-deployment included being in the Army compared with the Royal Air Force, higher levels of childhood adversity, higher levels of military trauma exposure and recent mental health and alcohol misuse problems. Being over 40 at time of deployment (vs being under 25) and having deployed in a combat role were also associated with relationship conflict, but not physical IPV perpetration.

Conclusions

Deployment-related variables and mental health and alcohol misuse problems were found to be key factors associated with post-deployment relationship conflict and IPV. Services providing health or welfare support to military personnel must collaborate with mental health services and consider history of deployment, and particularly deployment-related trauma, in their assessments to improve identification and management of intimate partner violence and abuse in military communities.
Responsibility of AI Systems
Authors: Dastani Mehdi , Yazdanpanah Vahid
Published: June 2022

To support the trustworthiness of AI systems, it is essential to have precise methods to determine what or who is to account for the behaviour, or the outcome, of AI systems. The assignment of responsibility to an AI system is closely related to the identification of individuals or elements that have caused the outcome of the AI system. In this work, we present an overview of approaches that aim at modelling responsibility of AI systems, discuss their advantages and shortcomings to deal with various aspects of the notion of responsibility, and present research gaps and ways forward.
Unlikely intersections for curves in products of Carlitz modules
Authors: Brownawell W. D. , Masser D.
Published: June 2022

The conjectures associated with the names of Zilber-Pink greatly generalize results associated with the names of Manin-Mumford and Mordell-Lang, but unlike the latter they are almost exclusively restricted to zero characteristic. Not so long ago the second author made a start on removing this restriction by studying multiplicative groups over positive characteristic, and recently both authors went further for additive groups with extra Frobenius structure. Here we study additive groups with extra structure coming instead from the Carlitz module. We state a conjecture for curves in general dimension and we prove it in three dimensions. The main tool is a new relative version (for cyclotomic fields) of Denis’s analogue of Dobrowolski’s classical lower bound for heights, as well as a suitable upper bound. We also work out a couple of special cases in two dimensions: for example with respect to prime fields there are exactly 23 Carlitz roots of unity whose reciprocals are also roots of unity.
Framed Knotoids and Their Quantum Invariants
Authors: Moltmaker Wout
Published: June 2022

We modify the definition of spherical knotoids to include a framing, in analogy to framed knots, and define a further modification that includes a secondary ‘coframing’ to obtain ‘biframed’ knotoids. We exhibit topological spaces whose ambient isotopy classes are in one-to-one correspondence with framed and biframed knotoids respectively. We then show how framed and biframed knotoids allow us to generalize quantum knot invariants to a knotoid setting, leading to the construction of general Reshetikhin-Turaev type biframed knotoid invariants.
Targeting Sagebrush (Artemisia Spp.) Restoration Following Wildfire with Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) Nest Selection and Survival Models
Authors: Roth Cali L. , O’Neil Shawn T. , Coates Peter S. , Ricca Mark A. , Pyke David A. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Heinrichs Julie A. , Espinosa Shawn P. , Delehanty David J.
Published: June 2022

Unprecedented conservation efforts for sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems across the western United States have been catalyzed by risks from escalated wildfire activity that reduces habitat for sagebrush-obligate species such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). However, post-fire restoration is challenged by spatial variation in ecosystem processes influencing resilience to disturbance and resistance to non-native invasive species, and spatial and temporal lags between slower sagebrush recovery processes and faster demographic responses of sage-grouse to loss of important habitat. Decision-support frameworks that account for these factors can help users strategically apply restoration efforts by predicting short and long-term ecological benefits of actions. Here, we developed a framework that strategically targets burned areas for restoration actions (e.g., seeding or planting sagebrush) that have the greatest potential to positively benefit sage-grouse populations through time. Specifically, we estimated sagebrush recovery following wildfire and risk of non-native annual grass invasion under four scenarios: passive recovery, grazing exclusion, active restoration with seeding, and active restoration with seedling transplants. We then applied spatial predictions of integrated nest site selection and survival models before wildfire, immediately following wildfire, and at 30 and 50 years post-wildfire based on each restoration scenario and measured changes in habitat. Application of this framework coupled with strategic planting designs aimed at developing patches of nesting habitat may help increase operational resilience for fire-impacted sagebrush ecosystems.
Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of emotional face processing in borderline personality disorder: are there differences between men and women?
Authors: Andermann Martin , Izurieta Hidalgo Natalie A. , Rupp André , Schmahl Christian , Herpertz Sabine C. , Bertsch Katja
Published: June 2022

Emotional dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD); it is, for example, known to influence one’s ability to read other people’s facial expressions. We investigated behavioral and neurophysiological foundations of emotional face processing in individuals with BPD and in healthy controls, taking participants’ sex into account. 62 individuals with BPD (25 men, 37 women) and 49 healthy controls (20 men, 29 women) completed an emotion classification task with faces depicting blends of angry and happy expressions while the electroencephalogram was recorded. The cortical activity (late positive potential, P3/LPP) was evaluated using source modeling. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with BPD responded slower to happy but not to angry faces; further, they showed more anger ratings in happy but not in angry faces, especially in those with high ambiguity. Men had lower anger ratings than women and responded slower to angry but not happy faces. The P3/LPP was larger in healthy controls than in individuals with BPD, and larger in women than in men; moreover, women but not men produced enlarged P3/LPP responses to angry vs. happy faces. Sex did not interact with behavioral or P3/LPP-related differences between healthy controls and individuals with BPD. Together, BPD-related alterations in behavioral and P3/LPP correlates of emotional face processing exist in both men and women, supposedly without sex-related interactions. Results point to a general ‘negativity bias’ in women. Source modeling is well suited to investigate effects of participant and stimulus characteristics on the P3/LPP generators.