bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Glibenclamide in Rat Plasma
Authors: Alam Mohd Aftab , Al-Jenoobi Fahad Ibrahim , Al-Mohizea Abdullah Mohammed
Published: September 2018

Quick and specific bioanalytical methods are required for analyzing drugs in biological samples. A simple, quick, sensitive, and specific UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for glibenclamide determination in plasma samples. The plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation technique. Glimepiride was used as internal standard (IS). Glibenclamide and glimepiride were eluted on C18 column (Acquity UPLC®BEH). Mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and water (0.1% formic acid) was pumped in binary gradient mode at flow rate of 150 μL/min. Glibenclamide and IS elution time was about 1.0 min, and total run time was 2.0 min. The mass spectrometer (triple-quadrupole) was operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. Sodium adducts [M + Na]+ of glibenclamide and IS were monitored in MRM mode. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 10-1280 ng/mL, with regression equation Y = 0.0076 X – 0.0165 and linear regression coefficient r2 = 0.999. Lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. Accuracy of the method at LQC, MQC, and HQC was 109.7% (± 6.7), 93.6% (± 0.4), and 99.3% (± 1.9), respectively. The coefficient of variation for precision at all QC concentrations was less than 6%. Recovery at LLQC, MQC, and HQC was 104.2% (± 4.9), 100.6% (± 0.9), and 102.9% (± 5.8), respectively. The method was successfully implemented for pharmacokinetic investigations (in-house data).
A Novel True Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Shear Seepage in Gas-Solid Coupling Coal
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Pengfei , Guo Yangyang , Li Wenxin
Published: September 2018

To study the effects of shear stress on the mechanical and seepage properties of gas-bearing coal in three-dimensional stress conditions, a novel true triaxial apparatus (TTA) was developed for the rigid loading of the major principal stress σ1 and the intermediate principal stress σ2, and for the flexible loading of the minor principal stress σ3. Both the upper and lateral pressure heads do not interfere with each other when loading σ1 and σ2. The control and measurement of gas flow sealed effectively in coal samples were achieved by using a gas seepage system. The TTA was used to perform a series of experiments on shear seepage in coal samples under true triaxial stress conditions. The experimental results about coal’s shear failure modes, shear stress-shear displacement curve, and permeability-shear displacement curve all showed that the TTA with its better accuracy and reliability had advantages in studying the effects of both the intermediate principal stress and shear deformation on the mechanical properties of coal samples and on the characteristics of gas seepage. Thus, it could provide a new test means for further studies on shear-induced seepage in the gas-solid coupling coal.
Immune Scheduling Network Based Method for Task Scheduling in Decentralized Fog Computing
Authors: Wang Yabin , Guo Chenghao , Yu Jin
Published: September 2018

Fog computing has changed the distributed computing rapidly by including the smart devices widely distributed at the network edges. It is able to provide less latency and is more capable of decreasing traffic jam in the network. However, it will bring more difficulties for resource managing and task scheduling especially in a decentralized ad hoc network. In this paper, we propose a method that takes advantages of the immune mechanism to schedule tasks in a decentralized way for fog computing. By using forward propagation and backward propagation in the ad hoc network, the power of distributed schedulers is used to generate the optimized scheduler strategies to deal with computing nodes overloaded and achieve the optimal task finishing time reducing. The experiment results show that our approach can beat similar methods.
An Alignment Method of Human-Robot Collaboration Based on the Six-Dimensional Force/Torque Dynamic Measurement for Large-Scale Components
Authors: Wen Ke , Du Fuzhou , Zhang Jiabo , Yang JiZhi
Published: September 2018

A Stewart parallel robot (SPR) is a promising choice for alignment or assembly of components that are large or heavy. This paper presents a method for human-robot collaboration, for positioning and orientation of large components. Use of interactive force measurements is important for human-robot collaboration. It is based on six-dimensional force/torque (F/T) measurements. First, the six-dimensional F/T data are calculated based on the six-actuator SPR geometry and screw theory. Second, the effects of gravity forces (dynamic gravity compensation) are considered, and a method to offset their effects is explained. Third, force estimation experiments were performed using an S-type force sensor and known applied test forces. Finally, the F/T-driven feedback was tested for the alignment of a large-scale component. The experimental results show that the calculated six-dimensional F/T can accurately track the force applied to a large and/or heavy component by a human worker. It can also accurately predict the F/T required to compensate for inertial forces and components’ weight. Thus, the alignment method of human-robot collaboration based on the six-dimensional force/torque dynamic measurements for large-scale components is correct and effective.
Analysis of the Deformation and Damage of Clamped Square Plates under Near‐Field Explosion Loads
Authors: He Jian , Guan Xiaoshu , Chen Huipin , Sun Xiaodan
Published: September 2018

The deformation and damage mechanism of shell structures under near‐field explosion loads has been of great significance in the theoretical study of impact dynamics and may serve as a dependable theoretic basis for the antiexplosion design of shell structures. In this paper, the plastic zone and crevasse size of clamped square plates under near‐field explosion loads were discussed based on the plastic hinge law and energy theory. The crevasse size of a plate moving at motion modes Ι and ΙΙ under medium load was obtained according to the ultimate plastic strain criterion. Furthermore, the plastic zone under a high load was determined in terms of the movement law of a plastic hinge line. When the applied load ended, the crevasse sizes of the plates at motion modes III and IV were deduced on the basis of the principle of energy conservation. Finally, numerical simulation was used to analyse the deformation and damage mechanism of the shell structures under near‐field explosion loads. The theory and method proposed in this paper are verified using ANSYS software and compared with the experimental results. This study verifies the validity of the proposed approach for analysis of the deformation and damage of a clamped square plate under near‐field explosion loads.
Association betweenMnSODVal16Ala Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: Evidence from 33,098 Cases and 37,831 Controls
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhu Yanfeng , Xi Shoumin , Li Sanqiang , Zhang Yanle
Published: September 2018

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a critical role in the defense against reactive oxygen species. The association betweenMnSODVal16Ala polymorphism and cancer risk has been widely studied, but the results are contradictory. To obtain more precision on the association, we performed the current meta-analysis with 33,098 cases and 37,831 controls from 88 studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. We found that the polymorphism was associated with an increased overall cancer risk (homozygous:OR=1.09, 95% CI = 1.00–1.19; heterozygous:OR=1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.12; dominant:OR=1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.14; and allele comparison:OR=1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11). Stratification analysis further showed an increased risk for prostate cancer, Asians, Caucasians, population-based studies, hospital-based studies, low quality and high quality studies. However, the increased risk forMnSODVal16Ala polymorphism among Asians needs further validation based on the false-positive report probability (FPRP) test. To summarize, this meta-analysis suggests that theMnSODVal16Ala polymorphism is associated with significantly increased cancer risk, which needs further validation in single large studies.
Estramustine Phosphate Inhibits TGF-β-Induced Mouse Macrophage Migration and Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Production
Authors: Mojsilovic Sonja S. , Mojsilovic Slavko , Bjelica Suncica , Santibanez Juan F.
Published: September 2018

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been demonstrated as a key regulator of immune responses including monocyte/macrophage functions. TGF-β regulates macrophage cell migration and polarization, as well as it is shown to modulate macrophage urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) production, which also contributes to macrophage chemotaxis and migration toward damaged or inflamed tissues. Microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton dynamic plays a key role during the cell motility, and any interference on the MT network profoundly affects cell migration. In this study, by using estramustine phosphate (EP), which modifies MT stability, we analysed whether tubulin cytoskeleton contributes to TGF-β-induced macrophage cell migration and uPA expression. We found out that, in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, EP at noncytotoxic concentrations inhibited cell migration and uPA expression induced by TGF-β. Moreover, EP greatly reduced the capacity of TGF-β to trigger the phosphorylation and activation of its downstream Smad3 effector. Furthermore, Smad3 activation seems to be critical for the increased cell motility. Thus, our data suggest that EP, by interfering with MT dynamics, inhibits TGF-β-induced RAW 264.7 cell migration paralleled with reduction of uPA induction, in part by disabling Smad3 activation by TGF-β.
Energy Efficiency Audit Based on Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Air-Conditioning Investigation
Authors: Al-Qawasmi Abdel-Rahman , Tlili I.
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the energy performance of new design air-conditioning system combined with energy audit in KSA governmental building since air conditioning is responsible for more than 60 % of electricity consumption. Alternative solutions are provided. Based on the results, the old conditioners will be replaced for 113 rooms in three floors of the MUAB. The applied methodology uses Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) for sensing and measuring technique characteristics of the conditioners and compares them with the ones available on the market, which were selected according to ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 specified by the manufacturers. Energy balance examination proves that operational conditioners have greater electric consumption and power factor comparing to the known standards. Energy audit applied in the MUAB provided a saving of 10% in the average consumption of electric energy. More than that an exploration is performed to insert Stirling engine in air conditioning cycle proving that it can be a promoted solution and can reduce significantly energy consumption; an alpha Stirling engine has been tested numerically for the same temperature and pressure reigned in the refrigeration cycle proving that it can work with energy efficiency around 42%.
Geotechnical Properties and Microstructure of Lime‐Fly Ash‐Phosphogypsum‐Stabilized Soil
Authors: Mashifana Tebogo Pilgrene , Okonta Felix Ndubisi , Ntuli Freeman
Published: September 2018

The use of industrial waste as a potential stabilizer of marginal construction materials is cost effective. Phosphogypsum and fly ash are industrial wastes generated in very large quantities and readily available in South Africa. In order to explore the potential stabilization of vastly abundant expansive soil using larger quantity phosphogypsum waste as a potential modifier, composites with a mixture of lime‐fly ash‐phosphogypsum‐basic oxygen furnace slag were developed. However because of the presence of radionuclide, it was necessary to treat the phosphogypsum waste with mild citric acid. The effect of the acid treatment on the geotechnical properties and microstructure of expansive soil stabilized with phosphogypsum‐lime‐fly ash‐basic oxygen furnace slag (PG‐LFA‐BOF) paste was evaluated, in comparison with the untreated phosphogypsum. Expansive soil stabilized with acid‐treated PG‐LFA‐BOF paste exhibited better geotechnical properties; in particular, the high strength mobilized was associated primarily with the formation of various calcium magnesium silicide and coating by calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate. The soil microstructure was improved due to the formation of hydration products. The stabilized expansive soil met the specification for road subgrades and subbase. Stabilization of expansive soils with phosphogypsum, fly ash, and basic oxygen fly ash does not only improve engineering properties of soil but also provides a solution in relation to disposal and environmental pollution challenges.
Phenetic Analysis of Cultivated Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Malaysia
Authors: Chen Y. S. , Dayod M. , Tawan C. S.
Published: September 2018

Phenetic analysis of all the black pepper cultivars in Malaysia is crucial to determine the morphological difference among them. The objective of this study is to ascertain the morphological distinctness and interrelationships among the cultivars to ensure registration of each variety under the Plant Variety Protection Act, as a prerequisite toward implementation of a monovarietal farm policy in the future. Cluster analysis revealed that cultivars “Semongok Aman” and “Semongok 1” have high distinctness values for identification; thus, varietal diagnosis for the two cultivars is easy. Cultivars “Nyerigai,” “India,” “Semongok Perak,” and “Semongok Emas” were grouped in the most diverse clusters among the ten cultivars studied. The four cultivars have a similarity index as high as 92%; however, investigation of leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, seed weight, and conversion rate (fresh to black pepper) gives the ability to determine the characteristic differences. Cultivars “Lampung Daun Lebar” and “Yong Petai” have a similarity of 96%; however, the two showed distinctive differences in leaf width, leaf length-width ratio, spike thickness, and spike length characteristics. On the contrary, cultivars “Kuching” and “Sarikei” showed the highest similarity index, at 98%, and thus are among the most difficult cultivars to diagnose the morphological difference. However, the principle component analysis showed that the fruit size and seed diameter were the important diagnostic key characteristics. Overall, the leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, fruit spike, and conversion rate characteristics are among the key characteristics to differentiate among cultivars of black pepper in Malaysia. At the same time, the principle component analysis carried out has enlightened some interrelationships on the morphological characteristics between cultivars. This information is crucial for the future of the plant varietal improvement program in Malaysia.
Nonlinear Uncertainties Canceling in Multi-Agent Systems Enabled by Cooperative Adaptation
Authors: Shih Cyuansi , Cao Chengyu
Published: September 2018

This paper deals with uncertainties problem in multi-agent systems with novel cooperative adaptation approach. Since uncertainties in multi-agent systems are interconnected, local agent often faces uncertainties not only from itself but also from neighbors. The proposed approach is that a local agent estimates uncertainties from itself and neighboring agents and then changes control strategy. The uncertainties or the equivalences of neighbors can be estimated based on their available outputs; thus, the local agent can adapt to them to cancel out these effects. Stability analysis is also derived that characterizes the transient and steady state performance of multi-agent system. The simulation presents the details of the proposed cooperative adaptation mechanism by compared typical cooperative control.
Analyzing Capacity Utilization and Travel Patterns of Chinese High-Speed Trains: An Exploratory Data Mining Approach
Authors: Liu Fanxiao , Sun Zhanbo , Zhang Peitong , Peng Qiyuan , Qiao Qingjie
Published: September 2018

Train capacity utilization (TCU), usually represented by passenger load factor (PLF), is a critical measure of effectiveness for rail operation. In literature, efforts are usually made to improve capacity utilization by optimizing rail operation and management strategies. Comparably little attention is paid to analyzing the factors that affect TCU and to understanding the behavioral patterns behind it. This paper applies exploratory data mining techniques to a 3-month long real world train operation data of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway. Principal component analysis (PCA) is conducted to find the principal components that can efficiently represent the collected data. Clustering techniques are then applied to understand the unique characteristics that affect PLF and the travel pattern. The findings can be further used to guide train operation planning and facilitate better decision-making.
Indication of Disrupted Temporal Structure in the Case of Thought Blocks in Schizophrenia: The Role of the Metastable Balance
Authors: Koutsoukos Elias , Angelopoulos Elias
Published: September 2018

This study is aimed at investigating probable disruption of the metastable balance relevant to a disruption of the mental processes observed in the neurophenomenal level. This disruption was found to occur under dense auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) which are accompanied by thought blocking (TB) phenomena. The entropy that quantifies the complexity of the spontaneous coupling has been used to describe the observed transitions. According to our findings, the high synchrony-derived entropy (SE) defines a metastable state, where formations of cortical areas are able to coordinate transiently under the demands of stimulus-oriented processes or other internal cognitive associations. It was also found that the disruption of the sensitive balance to the side of oversynergy (overconnectedness) rather than the side of independence (coincidental coupling) is relevant with functional fixations under the specific symptom of schizophrenia. An introduced measure relative to the persistence of coupling indicated that the overcoupled brain areas exhibit a kind of “stiffness” in processing incoherent phasic components. Our consideration enhances the understanding of the role the metastability plays in the interpretation of deeply subjective phenomena, such as AVHs and TBs that affect the normal information routing in the brain.
The Cooperation Partner Selection of Private Sector under Public-Private-Partnership Projects: An Improved Approach under Group Decision-Making Based on FRS, SAW, and Integrated Objective/Subjective Attributes
Authors: Gan Jiawu , Zhang Yingying , Hu Yanan , Liu Sen
Published: September 2018

With the intensification of market competition, the choice of partners in the private sector plays a vital role in the success or failure of the government’s public sector in the bidding process. Based on FRS (factor risk scoring system), SAW (simple additive weighted), and the integrated subjective or objective fuzzy group decision-making methods, the private sector partner selection is carried out under the PPP (public-private partnership) model in this paper. First of all, a decision committee is established to select attributes and identify potential partners. Secondly, we determine the important decision of the consistency of the manufacturer, introduce linguistic variables, calculate and collect the fuzzy weighted personal attributes, evaluate the importance of the attributes, and get the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation. Thirdly, we establish fuzzy value matrix based on fuzzy evaluation and get the total fuzzy vector by multiplying respective weighted vectors and fuzzy evaluation matrix, then calculate the defuzzification value of each total score, and choose the alternative with the maximum score. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the rationality of the algorithm.
Overexpression of Tear Inflammatory Cytokines as Additional Finding in Keratoconus Patients and Their First Degree Family Members
Authors: Ionescu Ioana Catalina , Corbu Catalina Gabriela , Tanase Cristiana , Ionita Gabriela , Nicula Cristina , Coviltir Valeria , Potop Vasile , Constantin Mihaela , Codrici Elena , Mihai Simona , Popescu Ionela Daniela , Enciu Ana-Maria , Dascalescu Dana , Burcel Miruna , Ciuluvica Radu , Voinea Liliana-Mary
Published: September 2018

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia that may lead to severe visual impairment due to the irregular astigmatism caused by corneal thinning. In addition to its association with atopy, eye rubbing, or genetic component, late reports suggest the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. Our aim was to determine the concentration of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha in the tear film of patients with keratoconus and their first degree family members. We analyzed forty-eight participants in an observational cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of keratoconus had to be confirmed in addition to a minimum of 47 D corneal refractive power by corneal topography readings provided by a Placido-based topography system and analysis of the pattern: irregular astigmatism with an asymmetric “bow-tie.” As for the other groups, the most important diagnosis criteria were a normal topographic pattern with a regular astigmatism. 17 keratoconus patients, 16 relatives, and 15 controls were recruited after clinical assessment as part of the research. The cytokine’s mean values were similar in the keratoconus group and the relatives’ samples but significantly higher compared to the controls. Important differences were found in IL-4 levels between keratoconus patients and relatives and between relatives and controls (mean difference of 302.42, p<0.0016 and 219.16, p<0.033, Tukey’s HSD procedure). In the keratoconus group, using the CORR procedure, we found statistically strong correlations of IL-6 lacrimal concentrations with the disease stage (r=0.56, p<0.01), keratometry (r=0.55, p<0.02), pachymetry (r=−0.64, p<0.048), and corneal hysteresis (r=−0.53, p<0.02). Cytokine overexpression may be relevant for the inflammatory etiology of keratoconus. In conclusion, in the case of some first degree family members, the elevated tear biomarkers may represent a supplementary risk factor.
Different Performances of Different Intelligent Algorithms for Solving FJSP: A Perspective of Structure
Authors: Shi Xiao-qiu , Long Wei , Li Yan-yan , Wei Yong-lai , Deng Ding-shan
Published: September 2018

There are several intelligent algorithms that are continually being improved for better performance when solving the flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP); hence, there are many improvement strategies in the literature. To know how to properly choose an improvement strategy, how different improvement strategies affect different algorithms and how different algorithms respond to the same strategy are critical questions that have not yet been addressed. To address them, improvement strategies are first classified into five basic improvement strategies (five structures) used to improve invasive weed optimization (IWO) and genetic algorithm (GA) and then seven algorithms (S1–S7) used to solve five FJSP instances are proposed. For the purpose of comparing these algorithms fairly, we consider the total individual number (TIN) of an algorithm and propose several evaluation indexes based on TIN. In the process of decoding, a novel decoding algorithm is also proposed. The simulation results show that different structures significantly affect the performances of different algorithms and different algorithms respond to the same structure differently. The results of this paper may shed light on how to properly choose an improvement strategy to improve an algorithm for solving the FJSP.
Global and Local Structures of Bifurcation Curves of ODE with Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Shibata Tetsutaro
Published: September 2018

We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem Duu′′+λfu=0, u(t)>0, t∈I≔(0,1), u(0)=u(1)=0, where D(u)=uk, f(u)=u2n-k-1+sin⁡u, and λ>0 is a bifurcation parameter. Here, n∈N and k (0≤k<2n-1) are constants. This equation is related to the mathematical model of animal dispersal and invasion, and λ is parameterized by the maximum norm α=uλ∞ of the solution uλ associated with λ and is written as λ=λ(α). Since f(u) contains both power nonlinear term u2n-k-1 and oscillatory term sin⁡u, it seems interesting to investigate how the shape of λ(α) is affected by f(u). The purpose of this paper is to characterize the total shape of λ(α) by n and k. Precisely, we establish three types of shape of λ(α), which seem to be new.
Runtime Estimation of the Number of Active Devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Networks with Deferred Transmission and No Acknowledgment Using ARMA Filters
Authors: Lee Won Hyoung , Hwang Ho Young , Chong Jo Woon
Published: September 2018

We propose a novel method for estimating the number of active devices in an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Here, we consider an IEEE 802.15.4 network with a star topology where active devices transmit data frames using slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol without acknowledgment. In our proposed method, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator of a network counts the number of events that a transmission occurs and the number of events that two consecutive slots are idle in a superframe duration, and the PAN coordinator broadcasts the information through a beacon frame. Each device can count the number of slots that each device is in the backoff procedure and the number of the first clear channel assessment (CCA) that each device performs whenever it performs the first CCA after the backoff procedure. Then, each device estimates the number of active devices in the network based on these counted numbers and the information from PAN coordinator with the help of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter. We evaluate the performance of our proposed ARMA‐based estimation method via simulations where active devices transmit data frames in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks. Simulation results show that our proposed method gives estimation errors of the number of active devices less than 4.501% when the actual number of active devices is varying from 5 to 80. We compare our proposed method with the conventional method in terms of the average and standard deviation for the estimated number of active devices. The simulation results show that our proposed estimation method is more accurate than the conventional method.
Hysterectomy with Fetus In Situ for Uterine Rupture at 21-Week Gestation due to a Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Pizzuto Katerina , Ozimok Cory , Bozanovic Radenka , Tafler Kathleen , Scattolon Sarah , Leyland Nicholas A. , Morais Michelle
Published: September 2018

Background. Uterine rupture due to a morbidly adherent placenta is a rare obstetrical cause of acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient. We present a case to add to the small body of published literature describing this diagnosis. Case. A 32-year-old G5T2P1A1L2 with multiple prior cesarean sections presented at 21+3 weeks’ gestation with abdominal pain and presyncope. Ultrasound showed a large volume of complex intraabdominal free fluid and a heterogenous placenta with irregular lacunae and increased vascularity extending to the posterior bladder wall. Exploratory laparotomy identified a uterine defect and a hysterectomy was performed due to significant bleeding. Pathology confirmed a diagnosis of placenta percreta. Conclusion. Early recognition and management of uterine rupture due to a morbidly adherent placenta are essential to prevent catastrophic hemorrhage.
Sentinel Amenable Mortality: A New Way to Assess the Quality of Healthcare by Examining Causes of Premature Death for Which Highly Efficacious Medical Interventions Are Available
Authors: Vergara-Duarte Montse , Borrell Carme , Pérez Glòria , Martín-Sánchez Juan Carlos , Clèries Ramon , Buxó Maria , Martínez-Solanas Èrica , Yasui Yutaka , Muntaner Carles , Benach Joan
Published: September 2018

Background. Amenable mortality, or premature deaths that could be prevented with medical care, is a proven indicator for assessing healthcare quality when adapted to a country or region’s specific healthcare context. This concept is currently used to evaluate the performance of national and international healthcare systems. However, the levels of efficacy and effectiveness determined using this indicator can vary greatly depending on the causes of death that are included. We introduce a new approach by identifying a subgroup of causes for which there are available treatments with a high level of efficacy. These causes should be considered sentinel events to help identify limitations in the effectiveness and quality of health provision.Methods. We conducted an extensive literature review using a list of amenable causes of death compiled by Spanish researchers. We complemented this approach by assessing the time trends of amenable mortality in two high-income countries that have a similar quality of healthcare but very different systems of provision, namely, Spain and the United States. This enabled us to identify different levels of efficacy of medical interventions (high, medium, and low). We consulted a group of medical experts and combined this information to help make the final classification ofsentinel amenable causes of death.Results.Sentinel amenable mortalityincludes causes such as surgical conditions, thyroid diseases, and asthma. The remaining amenable causes of death either have a higher complexity in terms of the disease or need more effective medical interventions or preventative measures to guarantee early detection and adherence to treatment. These included cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, all amenable cancers, and some infectious diseases such as pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis.Conclusions.Sentinel amenable mortalitycould act as a good sentinel indicator to identify major deficiencies in healthcare quality and provision and detect inequalities across populations.
A Hesitant Fuzzy Set Approach to Ideal Theory in Γ-Semigroups
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Y. , Talee Aakif F. , Khan Sabahat A. , Hila Kostaq
Published: September 2018

We apply the hesitant fuzzy sets theory to Γ-semigroups and provide some characterizations of hesitant fuzzy left (right and bi-) ideals. We introduce the hesitant fuzzy left (resp., right and two-sided) ideal, hesitant fuzzy bi-ideal, and hesitant fuzzy interior ideal in Γ-semigroup and study some properties of them. Finally, a characterization of a simple Γ-semigroup by means of a hesitant fuzzy simple Γ-semigroup is obtained.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant MitoQ Prevents E. coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Accumulation of Triacylglycerol and Lipid Droplets Biogenesis in Epithelial Cells
Authors: Fock Ekaterina , Bachteeva Vera , Lavrova Elena , Parnova Rimma
Published: September 2018

The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles associated with fatty acid storage, energy regulation and demonstrated tight spatial and functional connections with mitochondria. The impairment of mitochondrial activity under pathological stimuli has been shown to provoke TAG storage and LD biogenesis. However the potential mechanisms that link mitochondrial disturbances and TAG accumulation are not completely understood. We hypothesize that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) may play a role of a trigger leading to subsequent accumulation of intracellular TAG and LD in response to a bacterial stimulus. Using isolated epithelial cells from the frog urinary bladder, we showed that LPS decreased fatty acids oxidation, enhanced TAG deposition, and promoted LD formation. LPS treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential but increased cellular ROS production and led to impairment of mitochondrial function as revealed by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP turnover. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ at a dose of 25 nM did not prevent LPS-induced alterations in cellular respiration, but, in contrast to nonmitochondrial antioxidant α-tocopherol, reduced the effect of LPS on the generation of ROS, restored the LPS-induced decline of fatty acids oxidation, and prevented accumulation of TAG and LD biogenesis. The data obtained indicate the key signaling role of mROS in the lipid metabolic shift that occurs under the impact of a bacterial pathogen in epithelial cells.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Media for Production of Glucose Isomerase fromBacillus megateriumUsing Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Thi Nguyen Hoang-Yen , Tran Gia-Buu
Published: September 2018

Glucose isomerase is an enzyme widely used in food industry for producing high-fructose corn syrup. Many microbes, includingBacillus megaterium, have been found to be able to produce glucose isomerase. However, the number of studies of glucose isomerase production fromBacillus megateriumis limited. In this study, we establish the optimal medium components and culture conditions forBacillus megateriumglucose isomerase production by evaluating the combined influence of multiple factors and different parameters via Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology in Modde 5.0 software. The optimized conditions, which were experimentally confirmed as follows: D-xylose (1.116%), K2HPO4(0.2%), MgSO4·7H2O (0.1%), yeast extract (1.161%), peptone (1%), pH 7.0, inoculum size 20% (w/v), shaking 120 rpm at 36.528°C for 48 hours, give rise to production of highest activity of glucose isomerase (0.274 ± 0.003 U/mg biomass). These results provide additional important information for future development of large-scale glucose isomerase production byBacillus megaterium.
Novel Methods Generated by Genetic Programming for the Guillotine-Cutting Problem
Authors: Bertolini Vittorio , Rey Carlos , Sepulveda Mauricio , Parada Victor
Published: September 2018

New constructive algorithms for the two-dimensional guillotine-cutting problem are presented. The algorithms were produced from elemental algorithmic components using evolutionary computation. A subset of the components was selected from a previously existing constructive algorithm. The algorithms’ evolution and testing process used a set of 46 instances from the literature. The structure of three new algorithms is described, and the results are compared with those of an existing constructive algorithm for the problem. Several of the new algorithms are competitive with respect to a state-of-the-art constructive algorithm. A subset of novel instructions, which are responsible for the majority of the new algorithms’ good performances, has also been found.
Structure of n-Lie Algebras with Involutive Derivations
Authors: Bai Ruipu , Hou Shuai , Gao Yansha
Published: September 2018

We study the structure of n-Lie algebras with involutive derivations for n≥2. We obtain that a 3-Lie algebra A is a two-dimensional extension of Lie algebras if and only if there is an involutive derivation D on A=A1  ∔  A-1 such that dim A1=2 or dim A-1=2, where A1 and A-1 are subspaces of A with eigenvalues 1 and -1, respectively. We show that there does not exist involutive derivations on nonabelian n-Lie algebras with n=2s for s≥1. We also prove that if A is a (2s+2)-dimensional (2s+1)-Lie algebra with dim A1=r, then there are involutive derivations on A if and only if r is even, or r satisfies 1≤r≤s+2. We discuss also the existence of involutive derivations on (2s+3)-dimensional (2s+1)-Lie algebras.
Robust Visual Tracking with Discrimination Dictionary Learning
Authors: Wang Yuanyun , Deng Chengzhi , Wang Jun , Tian Wei , Wang Shengqian
Published: September 2018

It is a challenging issue to deal with kinds of appearance variations in visual tracking. Existing tracking algorithms build appearance models upon target templates. Those models are not robust to significant appearance variations due to factors such as illumination variations, partial occlusions, and scale variation. In this paper, we propose a robust tracking algorithm with a learnt dictionary to represent target candidates. With the learnt dictionary, a target candidate is represented with a linear combination of dictionary atoms. The discriminative information in learning samples is exploited. In the meantime, the learning processing of dictionaries can learn appearance variations. Based on the learnt dictionary, we can get a more stable representation for target candidates. Additionally, the observation likelihood is evaluated based on both the reconstruct error and dictionary coefficients with l1 constraint. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed tracking algorithm to some state-of-the-art tracking algorithms.
Preparation and Properties of DMF-Based Polyurethanes for Wet-Type Polyurethane Artificial Leather
Authors: Sur Suk-Hun , Choi Pil-Jun , Ko Jae-Wang , Lee Jae-Yeon , Lee Young-Hee , Kim Han-Do
Published: September 2018

DMF-based polyurethanes for wet-type polyurethane artificial leather were prepared using 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol (BD)/1,6-hexanediol (HD) as chain extender, and four different macroglycols (MW: 2000): poly(butylene/3-methyl-pentylene adipate) glycol based on 1,4-butanediol/3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD), poly(butylene adipate) glycol based on BD, polycarbonate glycol based on HD/MPD, and polycarbonate glycol based on HD. The properties of the as-polymerized polyurethane solutions and their films and the size/uniformity of cells of the foam layer of the resulting artificial leather were investigated. The viscosities of as-polymerized polyurethane solutions were significantly high in the range of 7500–15,000 cps, indicating that the molecular weight of the obtained polyurethanes is high. The tensile strengths of polyurethane films based on carbonate-polyol and BD chain extender were found to be higher than those of polyurethane films based on ester-polyol and HD chain extender. The elongation at the break of polyurethane films with the MPD component were higher than that of polyurethane films without the MPD component. The artificial leather containing MPD had smaller cells than the artificial leather without MPD and had higher uniformity. From these results, DMF-based polyurethanes prepared by using MPD components containing polyols are found to be most suitable for wet-type artificial leather.
Modelling and Analysis of Global Vibroacoustic Coupling Characteristics of a Rectangular Enclosure Bounded by a Flexible Panel
Authors: Xue Fei , Sun Beibei
Published: September 2018

The interaction between the sound field in an enclosure and its flexible panel is a critical problem; the influence of structural parameters on global vibroacoustic coupling characteristics of the panel‐enclosure system is very important. In this paper, a novel index of the global coupling level was first proposed to describe the global vibroacoustic coupling extent between multiple panel vibration modes and enclosure acoustical modes of the coupled system. Then, the influence of structural parameters on global coupling levels of the coupled system with different panel boundary conditions was obtained based on the numerical results of transfer factors. Moreover, according to the comprehensive influence of the structural parameters on global coupling levels, design methods of the coupled system with low global coupling levels were then discussed. Finally, the influence mechanism of panel boundary conditions on the coupling characteristics of the coupled system was analyzed. The results show that the structural parameters have similar effect on the coupling property of the system with different panel boundary conditions. Furthermore, the influence of the structural parameters on the coupling property of the system with a clamped panel is more sensitive than that of the system with a simply supported one. Furthermore, the structural parameters, especially the enclosure depth and panel thickness, are not completely negative correlated to the global coupling levels of the system. In conclusion, this study could provide a theoretical basis for acoustical design of the panel‐enclosure system (e.g., rectangular vehicle cabins) with low global coupling level, as well as the lightweight structure design of the system.
Towards Distributed Data Management in Fog Computing
Authors: Moysiadis Vasileios , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , Moscholios Ioannis
Published: September 2018

In the emerging area of the Internet of Things (IoT), the exponential growth of the number of smart devices leads to a growing need for efficient data storage mechanisms. Cloud Computing was an efficient solution so far to store and manipulate such huge amount of data. However, in the next years it is expected that Cloud Computing will be unable to handle the huge amount of the IoT devices efficiently due to bandwidth limitations. An arising technology which promises to overwhelm many drawbacks in large‐scale networks in IoT is Fog Computing. Fog Computing provides high‐quality Cloud services in the physical proximity of mobile users. Computational power and storage capacity could be offered from the Fog, with low latency and high bandwidth. This survey discusses the main features of Fog Computing, introduces representative simulators and tools, highlights the benefits of Fog Computing in line with the applications of large‐scale IoT networks, and identifies various aspects of issues we may encounter when designing and implementing social IoT systems in the context of the Fog Computing paradigm. The rationale behind this work lies in the data storage discussion which is performed by taking into account the importance of storage capabilities in modern Fog Computing systems. In addition, we provide a comprehensive comparison among previously developed distributed data storage systems which consist of a promising solution for data storage allocation in Fog Computing.
ROSA/LSTF Tests and Posttest Analyses by RELAP5 Code for Accident Management Measures during PWR Station Blackout Transient with Loss of Primary Coolant and Gas Inflow
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Ohtsu Iwao
Published: September 2018

Three tests were carried out with the ROSA/LSTF (rig of safety assessment/large-scale test facility), which simulated accident management (AM) measures during station blackout transient with loss of primary coolant under assumptions of nitrogen gas inflow and total failure of high-pressure injection system in a pressurized water reactor. As the AM measures, steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization was done by fully opening the relief valves in both SGs, and auxiliary feedwater was injected into the secondary-side of both SGs simultaneously. Conditions for the break size and the onset timing of the AM measures were different among the three LSTF tests. In the three LSTF tests, the primary pressure decreased to a certain low pressure of below 1 MPa with or without the primary depressurization by fully opening the relief valve in a pressurizer as an optional AM measure, while no core uncovery took place through the whole transient. Nonuniform flow behaviors were observed in the SG U-tubes under natural circulation (NC) with nitrogen gas depending probably on the gas accumulation rate in the two LSTF tests that the gas accumulated remarkably. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code predicted most of the overall trends of the major thermal hydraulic responses observed in the three LSTF tests. The code, however, indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the primary pressure, the SG U-tube collapsed liquid levels, and the NC mass flow rate after the nitrogen gas ingress as well as the accumulator flow rate through the analyses for the two LSTF tests, where the remarkable gas accumulation occurred.
Tumor Digital Masking Allows Precise Patient Triaging: A Study Based on Ki-67 Scoring in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Lewitowicz Piotr , Matykiewicz Jaroslaw , Chrapek Magdalena , Koziel Dorota , Horecka-Lewitowicz Agata , Gluszek-Osuch Martyna , Wawrzycka Iwona , Gluszek Stanisław
Published: September 2018

Background. Technological advances constantly provide cutting-edge tools that enhance the progress of diagnostic capabilities. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors belong to a family of mesenchymal tumors where patient triaging is still based on traditional criteria such as mitotic count, tumor size, and tumor location. Limitations of the human eye and randomness in choice of area for mitotic figure counting compel us to seek more objective solutions such as digital image analysis. Presently, the labelling of proliferative activity is becoming a routine task amidst many cancers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the traditional method of prediction based on mitotic ratio with digital image analysis of cell cycle-dependent proteins. Methods. Fifty-seven eligible cases were enrolled. Furthermore, a digital analysis of previously performed whole tissue section immunohistochemical assays was executed. Digital labelling covered both hotspots and not-hotspots equally. Results. We noted a significant diversity of proliferative activities, and consequently, the results pointed to 6.5% of Ki-67, counted in hotspots, as the optimal cut-off for low–high-grade GIST. ROC analysis (AUC = 0.913; 95% CI: 0.828–0.997, p<0.00001) and odds ratio (OR = 40.0, 95% CI: 6.7–237.3, p<0.0001) pointed to Ki-67 16% as the cut-off for very high-grade (groups 5–6) cases. With help of a tumor digital map, we revealed possible errors resulting from a wrong choice of field for analysis. We confirmed that Ki-67 scores are in line with the level of intracellular metabolism that could be used as the additional biomarker. Conclusions. Tumor digital masking is very promising solution for repeatable and objective labelling. Software adjustments of nuclear shape, outlines, size, etc. are helpful to omit other Ki-67-positive cells especially small lymphocytes. Our results pointed to Ki-67 as a good biomarker in GIST, but concurrently, we noted significant differences in used digital approaches which could lead to unequivocal results.