bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAXX Suppresses Tumor-Initiating Cells in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Following Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Peiffer Daniel S. , Wyatt Debra , Zlobin Andrei , Piracha Ali , Ng Jeffrey , Dingwall Andrew K. , Albain Kathy S. , Osipo Clodia
Published: August 2019

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer recurrence is thought to be driven by tumor-initiating cells (TIC). TICs are enriched by endocrine therapy through NOTCH signaling. Side effects have limited clinical trial testing of NOTCH-targeted therapies. Death-associated factor 6 (DAXX) is a newly identified marker whose RNA expression inversely correlates with NOTCH in human ER+ breast tumor samples. In this study, knockdown and overexpression approaches were used to investigate the role of DAXX on stem/pluripotent gene expression, TIC survival in vitro, and TIC frequency in vivo, and the mechanism by which DAXX suppresses TICs in ER+ breast cancer. 17β-Estradiol (E2)-mediated ER activation stabilized the DAXX protein, which was required for repressing stem/pluripotent genes (NOTCH4, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and ALDH1A1), and TICs in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, endocrine therapy promoted rapid protein depletion due to increased proteasome activity. DAXX was enriched at promoters of stem/pluripotent genes, which was lost with endocrine therapy. Ectopic expression of DAXX decreased stem/pluripotent gene transcripts to levels similar to E2 treatment. DAXX-mediated repression of stem/pluripotent genes and suppression of TICs was dependent on DNMT1. DAXX or DNMT1 was necessary to inhibit methylation of CpGs within the SOX2 promoter and moderately within the gene body of NOTCH4, NOTCH activation, and TIC survival. E2-mediated stabilization of DAXX was necessary and sufficient to repress stem/pluripotent genes by recruiting DNMT1 to methylate some promoters and suppress TICs. These findings suggest that a combination of endocrine therapy and DAXX-stabilizing agents may inhibit ER+ tumor recurrence.

Significance:

Estradiol-mediated stabilization of DAXX is necessary and sufficient to repress genes associated with stemness, suggesting that the combination of endocrine therapy and DAXX-stabilizing agents may inhibit tumor recurrence in ER+ breast cancer.
Neuregulin Signaling Is a Mechanism of Therapeutic Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Baro Marta , Lopez Sambrooks Cecilia , Burtness Barbara A. , Lemmon Mark A. , Contessa Joseph N.
Published: August 2019

EGFR signaling confers resistance to radiotherapy and is a validated target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The inhibition of EGFR in combination with radiotherapy improves local control and overall survival in these patients; however, therapeutic resistance limits the efficacy of this approach. We therefore sought to identify cellular mechanisms that cause resistance to EGFR inhibition and radiotherapy in HNSCC. Though clonal isolation of carcinoma cells exposed to increasing concentrations of cetuximab, we found that resistant cells upregulate prosurvival ErbB3 and AKT signaling. Using EFM-19 cells and confirmatory analysis of protein levels, we demonstrate that cetuximab resistance is characterized by enhanced neuregulin expression identifying a novel adaptive mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Inhibition of this autocrine loop with CDX-3379 (an ErbB3 specific antibody) was sufficient to block ErbB3/AKT signaling in cetuximab resistant cells. The combination of CDX-3379 and cetuximab reduced proliferation and survival after radiotherapy in several HNSCC cell lines. These in vitro findings were confirmed in xenograft tumor growth experiments including an approach using growth factor–supplemented Matrigel. In vivo, the delivery of EGFR and ErbB3 antibodies significantly reduced tumor growth in cetuximab-resistant FaDu and CAL27 xenografts. In summary, this work demonstrates that autocrine NRG ligand secretion is a mechanism for therapeutic resistance to cetuximab and radiotherapy. This cross-resistance to both therapeutic modalities identifies NRG as an actionable therapeutic target for improving treatment regimens in HNSCC.
Immunosuppressive Immature Myeloid Cell Generation Is Controlled by Glutamine Metabolism in Human Cancer
Authors: Wu Wen-Chao , Sun Hong-Wei , Chen Jing , OuYang Han-Yue , Yu Xing-Juan , Chen Hai-Tian , Shuang Ze-Yu , Shi Ming , Wang Zilian , Zheng Limin
Published: August 2019

Tumor-associated myeloid cells are one of the prominent components of solid tumors, serving as major immune regulators for the tumor microenvironment (TME) and an obstacle for immune-checkpoint blocking (ICB) therapy. However, it remains unclear how metabolic processes regulate the generation of suppressive myeloid cells in the TME. Here, we found that hematopoietic precursor cells are enriched in the tissues of several types of human cancer and can differentiate into immature myeloid cells (IMC). Tumor-infiltrating IMCs are highly immunosuppressive, glycolytic, and proliferative, as indicated by high levels of M-CSFR, Glut1, and Ki67. To elucidate the role of metabolism in regulating the generation of IMCs, we induced suppressive IMCs from hematopoietic precursor cells with GM-CSF and G-CSF in vitro. We found that the generation of suppressive IMCs was accompanied by increased glycolysis, but not affected by glucose deprivation due to alternative catabolism. Generation of IMCs relied on glutaminolysis, regardless of glucose availability. Glutamine metabolism not only supported the expansion of IMCs with glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate but also regulated the suppressive capacity through the glutamate–NMDA receptor axis. Moreover, inhibition of glutaminase GLS1 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of anti–PD-L1 treatment, with reduced arginase 1+ myeloid cells, increased CD8+, IFNγ+ and granzyme B+ T cells, and delayed tumor growth in an ICB-resistant mouse model. Our work identified a novel regulatory mechanism of glutamine metabolism in controlling the generation of suppressive IMCs in the TME.
Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with Suboptimal Initial Management in a Cohort of 109 Patients
Authors: Deilhes Florian , Boulinguez Serge , Pagès Cécile , Paul Carle , Meyer Nicolas
Published: August 2019

Background: Little is known about the epidemiological characteristics of patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (A-cSCC). Objective and Method: A retrospective study was conducted on a routine care cohort of 109 patients to identify the epidemiological factors associated with A-cSCC. Results: The median age was 83 years (IQR: 73.9–89.8), and the median ECOG was 1 (IQR: 1–2). Sixty percent of the patients had a history of cardiac disease and 22% had cognitive disorders. Seventy-four percent of patients were from rural/semi-rural areas (towns of <15,000 residents) and 17% were living in nursing homes. The cSCC lesions were on the head and neck in 72% of cases. Thirty-seven percent of patients were not diagnosed until the disease was in an advanced stage, indicating a lack of cSCC identification. In the remaining 69 patients, 7% did not received treatment within 3 months of the cSCC being identified, 62% had an incomplete histological report, and 37% had incomplete treatment. Conclusion: A-cSCC is associated with incomplete initial treatment in an elderly and rural population with good general condition. We hypothesize that a lack of access to good dermatological expertise may have led to underestimation of the aggressiveness of cSCC and/or therapeutic mismanagement.
On the Horizon: Targeting Next-Generation Immune Checkpoints for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Tundo Grazia R. , Sbardella Diego , Lacal Pedro M. , Graziani Grazia , Marini Stefano
Published: August 2019

Background: Immune checkpoints are critical regulatory pathways of the immune system which finely tune the response to biological threats. Among them, the CD-28/CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes play a key role in tumour immune escape and are well-established targets of cancer immunotherapy. Summary: The clinical experience accumulated to date provides unequivocal evidence that anti-CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, used as monotherapy or in combination regimes, are effective in a variety of advanced/metastatic types of cancer, with improved clinical outcomes compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, the therapeutic success is currently restricted to a limited subset of patients and reliable predictive biomarkers are still lacking. Key Message: The identification and characterization of additional co-inhibitory pathways as novel pharmacological targets to improve the clinical response in refractory patients has led to the development of different immune checkpoint inhibitors, the activities of which are currently under investigation. In this review, we discuss recent literature data concerning the mechanisms of action of next-generation monoclonal antibodies targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT co-inhibitory molecules that are being explored in clinical trials, as single agents or in combination with other immune-stimulating agents.
The Protective Effect of Fluorofenidone against Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Nasui , Yuan Qiongjing , Qin Jiao  , Hu Gaoyun , Li Qianbin , Tao Lijian  , Xie Yanyun  , Peng Zhangzhe 
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug that is used during organ transplants. However, its utility is limited by its nephrotoxic potential. This study aimed to investigate whether fluorofenidone (AKF-PD) could provide protection against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: Eighty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: drug solvent, CsA, CsA with AKF-PD (250, 500 mg/kg/day), and CsA with pirfenidone (PFD, 250 mg/kg/day). Tubulointerstitial injury index, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, expression of type I and IV collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Fas ligand (FASL), cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, and the number of transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive renal tubule cells were determined. In addition, levels of TGF-β1, FASL, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP-1, and number of annexin V-positive cells were determined in rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) treated with CsA (20 μmol/L), AKF-PD (400 μg/mL), PFD (400 μg/mL), and GW788388 (5 μmol/L). Results: AKF-PD (250, 500 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced tubulointerstitial injury, ECM deposition, expression of type I and IV collagen, TGF-β1, PDGF, FASL, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP-1, and number of TUNEL-positive renal tubule cells in the CsA-treated kidneys. In addition, AKF-PD (400 μg/mL) significantly decreased TGF-β1, FASL, cleaved-caspase-3, and PARP-1 expression in NRK-52E cells and further reduced the number of annexin V-positive cells. Conclusion: AKF-PD protect kidney from fibrosis and apoptosis in CsA-induced kidney injury.
Neue Ansätze beim Management der Psoriasis-Arthritis: Können wir zielgerichtet behandeln?
Authors: Tucker Laura J. , Ye Weiyu , Coates Laura C.
Published: August 2019

Zweck der Übersichtsarbeit: Psoriasis-Arthritis (PsA) ist eine chronisch entzündliche Spondyloarthritis, die zu fortschreitender Gelenkschädigung und irreversibler körperlicher Beeinträchtigung führen kann. Dank der Fortschritte der modernen Therapien ist die Remission heute ein erreichbares Behandlungsziel bei PsA. Es liegen belastbare, übereinstimmende Belege dafür vor, dass ein an konkreten Therapiezielen ausgerichteter Behandlungsansatz (Treat-to-Target; T2T) bei PsA zu besseren Outcomes für die Patienten führt. Die praktische Umsetzung dieses Ansatzes im klinischen Praxisalltag birgt allerdings noch einige Herausforderungen. Die Heterogenität des Krankheitsbildes und der Mangel an validierten Messgrößen haben bisher eine Konsensbildung über die Definition der Remission verhindert. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die aktuelle Forschungslandschaft im Bereich T2T bei PsA geben und aufzeigen, welchen Beitrag Biomarker sowie eine moderne Radiologie zu einer grundlegenden Erneuerung des T2T-Konzepts leisten können. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse: Eine wachsende Evidenzbasis spricht für die Anwendung der T2T-Strategie, also der Ausrichtung der PsA-Behandlung an einem vorab festgelegten Ziel, und bescheinigt ihr signifikante Vorteile hinsichtlich des Krankheitsverlaufs, der körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit und der Lebensqualität. Fazit: Während die Remission unverändert das ultimative Ziel für PsA-Patienten und ihre behandelnden Ärzte bleibt, werden weitere Vergleichsstudien zu unterschiedlichen Therapiezielen benötigt, um eine allgemein akzeptable Definition der Remission zu finden.
Visit-to-Visit Variability in Total Cholesterol Correlates with the Progression of Renal Function Decline in a Chinese Community-Based Hypertensive Population
Authors: Yan Yuqin , Huang Yuqin , Zhou Dan , Tang Songtao , Feng Ying-qing
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol variability is an independent predictor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of visit-to-visit variability in total cholesterol (TC) with kidney decline in a Chinese community-based population. Methods: We assessed intraindividual variability in TC among 6,465 hypertensive participants and correlated the results with endpoints. TC variability was measured using standard deviation (SD), average successive variability (ASV), coefficient of variation (CV), and variability independent of the mean (VIM). The endpoint of this study was progression of renal function decline defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30% and to a level <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up if the baseline eGFR was ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or a decrease in eGFR ≥50% during follow up if the baseline eGFR was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: After a median follow-up of 27 months, 13.5% (n = 877) of the participants experienced progression of renal function decline. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox model, each 1-SD increase in TC variability (by SD) increased the risk of renal function decline by 11% (HR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.034–1.197; p = 0.004); this was independent of the baseline eGFR, mean follow-up TC levels, and the lipid-lowering therapy. Similar results were found for the 3 other measures of variability, i.e., ASV, CV, and VIM. Conclusion: In subjects with hypertension, visit-to-visit variability in TC is an independent predictor of renal function decline.
Plasma Kynurenine Predicts Severity and Complications of Heart Failure and Associates with Established Biochemical and Clinical Markers of Disease
Authors: Dschietzig Thomas Bernd , Kellner Karl-Heinz , Sasse Katrin , Boschann Felix , Klüsener Robert , Ruppert Jana , Armbruster Franz Paul , Bankovic Dragic , Meinitzer Andreas , Mitrovic Veselin , Melzer Christoph
Published: August 2019

Background: Kynurenine, a metabolite of the L-tryptophan pathway, plays a pivotal role in neuro-inflammation, cancer immunology, and cardiovascular inflammation, and has been shown to predict cardiovascular events. Objectives: It was our objective to increase the body of data regarding the value of kynurenine as a biomarker in chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: We investigated the predictive value of plasma kynurenine in a CHF cohort (CHF, n = 114); in a second cohort of defibrillator carriers with CHF (AICD, n = 156), we determined clinical and biochemical determinants of the marker which was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: In the CHF cohort, both kynurenine and NT-proBNP increased with NYHA class. Univariate binary logistic regression showed kynurenine to predict death within a 6-month follow-up (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–2.00, p = 0.033) whereas NT-proBNP did not contribute significantly. Kynurenine, like NT-proBNP, was able to discriminate at a 30% threshold of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; AUC-ROC, both 0.74). Kynurenine correlated inversely with LVEF (ϱ = –0.394), glomerular filtration fraction (GFR; ϱ = –0.615), and peak VO2 (ϱ = –0.626). Moreover, there was a strong correlation of kynurenine with NT-proBNP (ϱ = 0.615). In the AICD cohort, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated highly significant associations of kynurenine with GFR, hsCRP, and tryptophan, as well as a significant impact of age. Conclusions: This work speaks in favor of kynurenine being a new and valuable biomarker of CHF, with particular attention placed on its ability to predict mortality and reflect exercise capacity.
An Empirically Based Typology of Alcohol Users in a Community Sample Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Horváth Zsolt , Paksi Borbála , Felvinczi Katalin , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Urbán Róbert
Published: August 2019

Background: Different classification models have been proposed to explain the heterogeneity of alcohol-related problems in general populations. Such models suggest quantitatively or qualitatively different symptom endorsement characteristics between subgroups of alcohol drinkers. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify homogenous subgroups of drinkers in a general population sample in addition to examining the relationship between the subgroups and psychopathological symptoms. Method: Data of past-year alcohol users (n = 1,520) were analyzed from the nationally representative sample of the National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary 2015. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify subgroups of drinkers based on the dichotomous indicator items of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple comparisons were performed to explore the relationship between latent classes and socio-demographical variables and psychopathological symptoms. Results: LCA suggested a 3-class model: “Light alcohol drinkers” (71.6%), “Alcohol drinkers with low risk of dependence” (19.3%), and “Alcohol drinkers with severe dependence symptoms” (9.1%). More severe subgroups showed significantly higher level of anxiety, depression, hostility, obsessive-compulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, and psychiatric or alcohol use disorder-related treatment involvement. Male gender, younger age, lower level of educational achievement, and earlier onset of the first alcoholic drink were associated with membership of more severe subgroups. Conclusions: The present results indicated that severity-based subgroups of drinkers can be discriminated. Approximately 9% of the alcohol users showed severe symptoms of alcohol dependence. The present data also supported the association between more severe forms of alcohol consumption, and internalizing and externalizing characteristics. Although the 2 at-risk classes of alcohol drinkers did not differ in terms of alcohol consumption-related measures, they were distinguished by the level of harmful consequences due to alcohol use, psychopathological symptoms and psychiatric treatment history.
Insights: Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von passivem Smartphone-Tracking im therapeutischen Kontext
Authors: Messner Eva-Maria , Sariyska Rayna , Mayer Benjamin , Montag Christian , Kannen Christopher , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Baumeister Harald
Published: August 2019

Hintergrund: Die Einbindung von Smartphones in den Alltag ermöglicht es, longitudinale Echtzeit-Daten aufzuzeichnen, die keine aktive Eingabe der Nutzer benötigen. Mithilfe der vorliegenden Studie soll gezeigt werden, dass das aktuelle ­Befinden (Stimmung, Antrieb, Stress) mit Smartphone-Nutzungsvariablen assoziiert ist. Methoden: An der Studie nahmen 157 Studierende teil, welche für 8 Wochen die App Insights auf ihrem Smartphone installierten. Insightszeichnete das Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten (z.B. Gesamtnutzungsdauer, Anrufdauer, Anzahl der SMS, Facebook-Nutzung) auf und erfasste täglich mittels Selbstbericht Stimmung, Antrieb und Stress. Ergebnisse: In 3 Mehrebenenmodellen wurde das aktuelle Befinden über Smartphone-Nutzungsverhalten vorhergesagt. Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass Stress negativ mit der Anzahl der SMS (–3,539, SE = 0,937) und positiv mit der Anrufdauer (0,018, SE = 0,937) assoziiert ist. Stimmung ist negativ mit der Gesamtnutzungsdauer (–0,019, SE = 0,004) und der Anrufdauer (–0,016, SE = 0,007) verbunden. Ebenso ist der Antrieb negativ mit der Facebook-Nutzung (–0,127, SE = 0,041) korreliert. Diskussion: In zukünftigen Studien sollte der Kausalität des negativen Zusammenhanges zwischen ­Befindlichkeitsparametern und der Smartphone-Nutzung nachgegangen werden. Schlussfolgerung: In Zukunft könnte passives Smartphone-Tracking eingesetzt werden, um standardisiert Verhaltensdaten von Personen mit psychischen Problemen zu sammeln. Aufgrund der immanenten Gefahr des Datenmissbrauchs sind ethische, rechtliche und berufspolitische Leitlinien zu entwickeln.
Aeromonas hydrophila Panophthalmitis in Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report
Authors: Thanapaisal Sukhumal , Thariya Patsuda
Published: August 2019

A 47-year-old Thai man, who had recently been diagnosed with active pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and treated with oral prednisolone together with intravenous dexamethasone, presented with severe ocular pain and light perception vision of the left eye for 4 days. Ophthalmic examination revealed periorbital soft tissue swelling with marked intraocular inflammation in the left eye. Severe panophthalmitis was diagnosed. Enucleation was performed after failure of intravenous antibiotics administration. Vitreous culture revealed Aeromonas hydrophila but no primary source of infection was clearly identified. An immunocompromised status accompanied with corticosteroid treatment is a risk factor for septicemia. A. hydrophilapanophthalmitis was detected in the PV patient, and this organism caused a rapid disease progression with poor visual prognosis.
Optic Neuropathy due to an Ethmoid Mucocele: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ting Magdalene Yin Lin , Shan Meghan , Gantz Oliver , Zhang-Nunes Sandy , Wrobel Bozena
Published: August 2019

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinus commonly involve the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and rarely the maxillary or sphenoid sinuses. They often present with sinus pain or pressure, but rarely can present with more severe symptoms such as changes in mental status or vision due to expansion and invasion through the skull base or orbit. A 62-year-old male presented with optic neuropathy, a relative afferent pupillary defect with proptosis and lateral gaze palsy of the left eye. The patient was found to have a large mucocele extending from the left posterior ethmoid sinus into the left orbital apex. Urgent endoscopic sinus surgery was performed jointly between Oculoplastics and Otolaryngology. Post-operatively, the patient had improvement in diplopia, extraocular motion, and proptosis with stable vision. This case demonstrates the importance of early identification and intervention in a rare presentation of a sinus mucocele to prevent serious complications such as vision loss.
Crítica a la idea de Infancia y proyecto educativo en las políticas públicas de Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Vásquez Mónica Viviana , García-Gutiérrez Laura Melissa , García-Guevara Ányela Patricia
Published: August 2019

(analítico): en este artículo se comprende el sentido de algunos lineamientos nacionales e internacionales sobre la infancia y su relación con el proyecto educativo para Colombia. Se hizo un estudio cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo, analítico y documental. La metodología empleada fue el análisis de contenido de tipo semántico, en tanto que la población estuvo conformada por un conjunto de documentos oficiales que orientan lineamientos para la formulación de políticas públicas en Colombia y Latinoamérica. Se concluyó que la infancia es solo una estrategia de inversión para contribuir al desarrollo económico del país, como una inversión que tiene su tasa de retorno en la etapa adulta. De este modo, la idea de desarrollo infantil se sustenta en una propuesta educativa instrumental, ligada a la lógica neoliberal del capital humano.
Hadziidae
Authors: SPRINGTHORPE R. T. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

The genus Dulzura is recorded from Australia for the first time and the new species Dulzura taylorae is described. The monotypic genus Protohadzia is synonymised with Dulzura.
Ischyroceridae
Authors: JUST JEAN
Published: August 2019

Eight species in the Ischyroceridae are reported from Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Five species are new to science: Coxischyrocerus rhombocoxus gen. et sp. nov., Tropischyrocerus pugilus gen. et sp. nov., Cerapus nudus sp. nov., Ericthonius parabrasiliensis sp. nov., and Ericthonius tropicalis sp. nov. Ericthonius pugnax Dana is new to the Great Barrier Reef. Ambicholestes magellani (Just) and Cerapus volucola Lowry & Berents have been recorded previously from the area. A single specimen, possibly a new species, is reported as Ericthonius sp. Ischyrocerus inexpectatus Ruffo (Mediterranean Sea) is transferred to Coxischyrocerus. Ischyrocerus socia (Myers) from Bora Bora is transferred to Tropischyrocerus.
Kamakidae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

Two new species of kamakids are reported from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. One is attributed to the genus Gammaropsella Myers, the other to Kamaka Derzhavin.
Foreword
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , MYERS A. A.
Published: August 2019

With the publication of the ABRS Zoological Catalogue to Australian amphipods (Lowry & Stoddart 2003) it became apparent that nearly all of the effort to document the Australian amphipod fauna was concentrated in the temperate southern parts of the country. In tropical Australia, only the monograph of Zeidler (1978) on the pelagic hyperiidean amphipods of Queensland and several short papers on benthic amphipods (K.H. Barnard 1931; Lowry 1981; Berents 1983; Stock 1984; Thomas & Barnard 1990, 1991a, b) specifically targeted the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Other workers included GBR species within broader Australian studies on benthic amphipods (Myers 1988; Lowry & Stoddart 1990, 1992). Since the publication of the catalogue (Lowry & Stoddart 2003), several important monographs: Guerra-Garcia 2006 on the caprellids of Queensland; Peart 2007a, b on the ampithoid genera Ampithoe and Cymadusa and several short papers: Lowry & Azman 2008; and Yerman & Krapp-Schickel 2008 have recorded tropical species. Prior to the beginning of this project there were about 1000 benthic amphipods known from temperate Australia, but less than 90 species known from tropical Australia. This book is therefore the foundation study on the tropical benthic amphipods of Australia. Although it describes many of the amphipods of the Great Barrier Reef, it indicates the richness of species only on the GBR and certainly not the richness of amphipod species in tropical Australian waters. A checklist of the amphipod species known from tropical Australia is given below.
Liljeborgiidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

The new species Liljeborgia joergpeteri is described from Lizard Island and Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Characteristic for this species is: the pleonite and urosomite dorsal serration formula 3–3–0–0–0; large rounded eyes; an entire upper lip; and the asymmetrical notched telson apices.
Lysianassidae
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , STODDART H. E.
Published: August 2019

Seven genera and eleven species of lysianassid amphipods are recorded from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Six species are new to science. Six of the eleven species are considered to be scavengers. The Great Barrier Reef lysianassid fauna is more similar to that of the tropical Indo-West Pacific than to that of temperate Australia.
The biogeography of Indo-West Pacific tropical amphipods with particular reference to Australia
Authors: MYERS A. A. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

The extant distribution of amphipods in the tropical Indo-Pacific can be understood only by reference to the positions of shallow seas during the past two hundred million years. Amphipods attributable to extant families, even genera, were in existence in Mesozoic times. A number of amphipod families can be recognized as Gondwanan in origin, but Laurasian families, except in fresh waters, are more difficult to identify. The tropical amphipod fauna of Australia/New Guinea is thought to have evolved in situ until at least 15 Ma, when the continent reached proximity with Asia. Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity of Indo-Pacific amphipod families supports this hypothesis.
Amaryllididae
Authors: LOWRY J. K. , STODDART H. E.
Published: August 2019

One species of amaryllidid amphipod, Bamarooka tropicalis Lowry & Stoddart, 2002, is reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia.
Talitridae
Authors: SEREJO CRISTIANA S.
Published: August 2019

As a result of the Lizard Island Amphipod workshop (2005) and also as part of samples of the Australia National Talitrid Survey (2003), three species of Talitridae are reported: a neotype is designated for Chelorchestia limicola (comb. nov.); Talorchestia spinipalma is recorded for Australia from observed material, and Talorchestia terraereginae, considered for more than 100 years as a junior synonym of T. spinipalma, is re-established.
Amphilochidae
Authors: AZMAN B. A. R.
Published: August 2019

One genus and two new species of amphilochid amphipods are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, mainly from Lizard Island. Two new species, Amphilochus justi sp. nov. and A. lacertus sp. nov., are described.
Aoridae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

Five genera and 21 species of aorids are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, most of which belong to the genus Bemlos. One third of the species are new to science and half of them are currently known only from the Great Barrier Reef.
New species and records of the genus Lispinus with a key to the species from Peru (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)
Authors: IRMLER ULRICH
Published: August 2019

Four new species of Lispinus from the premontane forest of the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes are described and records of all other Lispinus species from Peru are given. The new species are: L. blandus, L. minimus, L. speciosus, and L. peruanus. A key to the known 21 Peruvian species is provided, habitat information is summarized and geographical distribution of species is discussed. The following six types of zoogeographic distribution can be differentiated for the Peruvian Lispinus species: endemic, eastern Andean, lowland Amazonian, Circum-Amazonian, northern Southand Central-American, and Pan-Neotropical.
First record of the tribe Biastini from the Afrotropical Region (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: EARDLEY CONNAL
Published: August 2019

Biastini, which are known to be cleptoparasites on Rophitinae (Halictidae), is recorded from Kenya and Tanzania. The genus and species, Schwarzia emmae Eardley, are described as new.
An illustrated key to the genera of Thripinae (Thysanoptera) from South East Asia
Authors: MOUND L. A. , NG Y. F.
Published: August 2019

An illustrated key is provided for the identification of 65 genera of Thripinae from South East Asia. Wherever possible notes are given on the host-plant associations and geographical distributions, and suggestions made concerning phylogenetic relationships. The combination Taeniothrips euophthalmos Moulton is re-established.
Proposed conservation of the name Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) threatened by an unused senior homonym
Authors: HEADS SAM W. , MAEHR MICHAEL D.
Published: August 2019

Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 includes 23 species of economically important locustine grasshoppers (Acrididae: Oedipodinae: Locustini) distributed throughout Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia (Ritchie, 1982). Whilst reviewing oedipodine genus-group names in the Orthoptera Species File Online (Eades & Otte, 2009) we encountered an unused senior homonym—Gastrimargus Spix, 1823 used for a genus of Neotropical primates —which has seniority over Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 according to the Principle of Priority (ICZN, 1999: Article 23.1). However, the senior homonym is universally considered as a junior synonym of another genus and has not been used as valid since 1899, thereby qualifying as a nomen oblitum. Here we present a case for the ‘automatic’ conservation of Gastrimargus Saussure, 1884 following the requirements of Article 23.9.2 of the Code.
Review of the Brazilian harvestman genus Roeweria Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
Authors: BRAGAGNOLO CIBELE , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO
Published: August 2019

The genus Roeweria Mello-Leitão, 1923 is revised and a variation on external morphological characters and male genitalia is presented for Roeweria virescens (Mello-Leitão, 1923). The monotypic genus Harpachylus Roewer, 1943 is a junior synonym of Roeweria Mello-Leitão, 1923 because its type-species, H. tibialis Roewer, 1943 is a junior synonym of the type-species Roeweria bittencourti Mello-Leitão, 1923. Roeweria garrincha sp. n. from Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil, is described and can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the presence of a ventral process on the penis and by very large ventral apophyses on the apex of the male femur and patella IV.
The Barrier skink Oligosoma judgei n. sp. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: PATTERSON GEOFF B , BELL TRENT P
Published: August 2019

A new species of alpine skink, Oligosoma judgei, is described from the Darran and Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand. This species is diagnosed on the basis of morphological, ecological, and genetic differentiation from the following congeners: O. pikitanga, O. acrinasum, O. infrapunctatum, O. otagense, O. taumakae, O. waimatense and O. grande. The new species is characterized by a black base colour with bright green or yellow dorsal speckles, a white belly with occasional black speckles, and distinctive head scalation. The conservation status of the new taxon appears secure due to the altitude and extensive habitat in the Darran Mountains and apparently wide range extending to the Takitimu Mountains.
Platycephalus orbitalis, a new species of flathead (Teleostei: Platycephalidae) collected from western Australia
Authors: IMAMURA HISASHI , KNAPP LESLIE W.
Published: August 2019

A new plataycephalid, Platycephalus orbitalis, is described on the basis of specimens collected in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Western Australia at depths of 50–144 m. The new species had been mistakenly identified as P. marmoratus, which is now known to be restricted to eastern Australia. Several morphological characters (e.g, 65–68 pored scales in lateral line, snout and interorbit naked, and caudal fin blackish with white posterior margin) can separate Platycephalus orbitalis sp. nov. and P. marmoratus from the other 14 congeners. In addition, Platycephalus orbitalis sp. nov. differs from P. marmoratus in having the margin of the interopercle scalloped, skinny sensory tubes on the infraorbitals, the preopercle well developed and mostly covering the cheek region, and the body and head lacking distinct large spots and bands dorsally.
Four distinctive new Neotropical species of Coniceromyia Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) with patterned-wings
Authors: KUNG GIAR-ANN
Published: August 2019

Four new species of patterned-wing Coniceromyia are described: C. browni, C. sakaii, and C. valdesi from Colombia, and C. hoggi from Costa Rica.
Genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera): corrections and updates since 2008
Authors: BROTHERS DENIS J. , LELEJ ARKADY S. , WILLIAMS KEVIN A.
Published: August 2019

Information is provided for 38 genus-group names in Mutillidae, of which 13 have been proposed as new since 2008. For 14 names, additional information is provided beyond that given in Lelej & Brothers (2008), including a new synonymy (Cameronilla Lelej in Lelej & Krombein, 2001 = Spilomutilla Ashmead, 1903). One additional nomen nudum and ten additional incorrect spellings discovered since 2008 are also included. Corrections to the dating and/or numbering of references and addition of references found to have been omitted in the earlier paper are also provided.
A new species of the fish genus Arctozenus from the Kerguelen Islands, with comments on the lost teeth in adults (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae)
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , DUHAMEL GUY
Published: August 2019

A new cryptic species of spotted barracudina, Arctozenus australis sp. nov., is described from the Kerguelen Islands, in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. It differs from the only congener, Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840), in the reduction of pigments on body, a more slender body, and longer head, snout and jaws. A neotype is designated for Paralepis risso Bonaparte, 1840 and Paralepis borealis Krøyer in Gaimard (1847). Note on synonymy of Paralepis risso is provided. Observation of adults of Notolepis annulata, Magnosudis prionosa and Paralepis coregonoides found loss of teeth on jaws and gill arches, suggesting more species in the subfamily Paralepidinae may commonly possess this character in adults.
Notes on the genus Kuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Meconematini) in China with description of one new species
Authors: CUI PENG , LIU YUANHE , SHI FUMING
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with 9 species of the genus Kuzicus from China and supplies information on examined specimens, in which one new species Kuzicus (Kuzicus) bicurvus Cui & Shi sp. nov. is described and illustrated as well as characteristic photographs of five known species from China are provided.
Increase in Surface Friction Dominates the Observed Surface Wind Speed Decline during 1973–2014 in the Northern Hemisphere Lands
Authors: Zhang Zhengtai , Wang Kaicun , Chen Deliang , Li Jianping , Dickinson Robert
Published: August 2019

During 1973–2014, a reduction trend in the observed surface wind speed (10 m) in the Northern Hemisphere lands has been widely reported; this reduction is referred to as “global stilling.” The primary determining factors of global stilling include atmospheric circulation, turbulent friction, and surface friction when ignoring the vertical influencing factors. Most of the existing studies on the attribution of global stilling do not take changing surface friction into account. In addition, there are other changes in the climate system, such as aerosol loading, which could have an impact on atmospheric circulation, but are not included in the majority of current models either. Here, we developed a novel approach based on modeled winds calculated from sea level pressure observations and applied the method to approximately 4000 weather stations in the Northern Hemisphere lands from 1973 to 2014 to attribute the stilling in the three factors. In our methods, we neglected the vertical influencing factors on surface wind speed but took the aerosols’ changes on atmospheric circulation and gradual urbanization effect on surface wind speed into account. We found that atmospheric circulation has dictated the monthly variation in surface wind speed during the past four decades. However, the increased surface friction dominates the long-term declining trend of wind stilling. Our studies had uncertainties while neglecting the influence of vertical factors on surface wind stilling, despite most of the existing studies showing their effect was minor compared to the three factors explored in our study.
Why Does Global Warming Weaken the Gulf Stream but Intensify the Kuroshio?
Authors: Chen Changlin , Wang Guihua , Xie Shang-Ping , Liu Wei
Published: August 2019

The Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, the subtropical western boundary currents of the North Pacific and North Atlantic, play important roles in meridional heat transport and ocean–atmosphere interaction processes. Using a multimodel ensemble of future projections, we show that a warmer climate intensifies the upper-layer Kuroshio, in contrast to the previously documented slowdown of the Gulf Stream. Our ocean general circulation model experiments show that the sea surface warming, not the wind change, is the dominant forcing that causes the upper-layer Kuroshio to intensify in a warming climate. Forced by the sea surface warming, ocean subduction and advection processes result in a stronger warming to the east of the Kuroshio than to the west, which increases the isopycnal slope across the Kuroshio, and hence intensifies the Kuroshio. In the North Atlantic, the Gulf Stream slows down as part of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) response to surface salinity decrease in the high latitudes under global warming. The distinct responses of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio to climate warming are accompanied by different regional patterns of sea level rise. While the sea level rise accelerates along the northeastern U.S. coast as the AMOC weakens, it remains close to the global mean rate along the East Asian coast as the intensifying Kuroshio is associated with the enhanced sea level rise offshore in the North Pacific subtropical gyre.
Generation and Propagation of Near-Inertial Waves in a Baroclinic Current on the Tasmanian Shelf
Authors: Schlosser Tamara L. , Jones Nicole L. , Bluteau Cynthia E. , Alford Matthew H. , Ivey Gregory N. , Lucas Andrew J.
Published: August 2019

Near-inertial waves (NIWs) are often an energetic component of the internal wave field on windy continental shelves. The effect of baroclinic geostrophic currents, which introduce both relative vorticity and baroclinicity, on NIWs is not well understood. Relative vorticity affects the resonant frequency feff, while both relative vorticity and baroclinicity modify the minimum wave frequency of freely propagating waves ωmin. On a windy and narrow shelf, we observed wind-forced oscillations that generated NIWs where feff was less than the Coriolis frequency f. If everywhere feff > f then NIWs were generated where ωmin < f and feff was smallest. The background current not only affected the location of generation, but also the NIWs’ propagation direction. The estimated NIW energy fluxes show that NIWs propagated predominantly toward the equator because ωmin > f on the continental slope for the entire sample period. In addition to being laterally trapped on the shelf, we observed vertically trapped and intensified NIWs that had a frequency ω within the anomalously low-frequency band (i.e., ωmin < ω < feff), which only exists if the baroclinicity is nonzero. We observed two periods when ωmin < f on the shelf, but the relative vorticity was positive (i.e., feff > f) for one of these periods. The process of NIW propagation remained consistent with the local ωmin, and not feff, emphasizing the importance of baroclinicity on the NIW dynamics. We conclude that windy shelves with baroclinic background currents are likely to have energetic NIWs, but the current and seabed will adjust the spatial distribution and energetics of these NIWs.
The Critical Role of Communities of Practice and Peer Learning in Scaling Hydroclimatic Information Adoption
Authors: Page Rebecca , Dilling Lisa
Published: August 2019

Significant effort has been put into advancing the use and usability of information products to support adaptation to drought and climate variability, particularly for the water supply sector. Evidence and experience show that advancing the usability of information through processes such as coproduction is time consuming for both providers and users of information. One challenge for boundary organizations and researchers interested in enhancing the usability of their information is how such processes might “scale” to all the potential organizations and individual managers that might possibly be able to benefit from improved climate information. This paper examines information use preferences and practices specifically among managers of small water systems in the Upper Colorado River basin, with an eye toward identifying new opportunities to effectively scale information usability and uptake among all water managers—regardless of location or capacity—in a resource-constrained world. We find that boundary organizations and other usable science efforts would benefit from capitalizing on the communities of practice that bind water managers together. Specifically, strategic engagement with larger, well-respected water systems as early adopters, supporting dissemination of successes and experiences with new information products among a broader community of water managers, and increasing well-respected water systems’ capacity to engage directly with rural systems may all serve as useful strategies to promote widespread distribution, access, and adoption of information.
Effects of Fatigue on Balance Recovery From Unexpected Trips
Authors: Qu Xingda , Xie Yongxun , Hu Xinyao , Zhang Hongbo
Published: August 2019

Objective

The objective was to examine how physical fatigue and mental fatigue affected balance recovery from unexpected trips.

Background

Trips are the leading cause for occupational falls that are a multifactorial problem. Recognizing risk factors is the first step in accident control. Fatigue is one of the most common task-related risk factors for occupational falls. Fatigue typically can be divided into physical fatigue and mental fatigue, both of which are common in occupational settings.

Method

One hundred eight young volunteers participated in the experiment. They were evenly divided into three groups: no fatigue group, physical fatigue group, and mental fatigue group. Each participant performed four walking trials on a linear walkway at their self-selected normal speed. The first three trials were normal walking trials. A trip was induced to participants in the fourth walking trial using a metal pole. Balance recovery from unexpected trips was characterized by trunk flexion and first recovery step measures.

Results

Recovery step length was smaller and maximum trunk flexion became larger in the mental fatigue group compared with those in the no fatigue group. Physical fatigue did not significantly affect trunk flexion and first recovery step measures.

Conclusion

Mental fatigue increased the likelihood of loss of balance. Thus, mental fatigue could be a risk factor for trips and falls. To prevent trip-related falls, interventions should be adopted to prevent prolonged exposures to cognitively demanding activities in occupational settings.
Explanatory models of mental illness among family caregivers of persons in psychiatric rehabilitation services: A pilot study
Authors: Mathews Manila , Bhola Poornima , Herbert Hesi , Chaturvedi Santosh K
Published: August 2019

Background:

Understanding the explanatory models of family caregivers is particularly important in interdependent contexts like India, where they often play a significant role in the help-seeking behaviours, treatment decision-making and long-term care of those diagnosed with mental illness.

Aims:

This study was planned to explore the diversity of explanatory models among family caregivers at a centre for recovery-oriented rehabilitation services in South India.

Methods:

The sample for this study included 60 family caregivers of patients referred to Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services within a tertiary-care hospital for mental health and neurosciences. Bart’s Explanatory Model Inventory, including a semi-structured interview and a checklist, assessed the family caregivers’ explanatory model of distress on five domains: identity, cause, timeline, consequences and control/cure/treatment.

Results:

The results indicated the coexistence of multiple causal explanatory models including psychosocial, supernatural, situational and behavioural contributors. While 36.7% of the caregivers displayed two explanatory models, 33.3% of the caregivers held three explanatory models and 16.6% of the caregivers endorsed four explanatory models. Caregivers shared their concerns about varied consequences of mental illness but less than half of them were aware of the name of the psychiatric disorder. While they accessed various forms of treatments and adjunctive supports such as prayer, medication was the most frequently used treatment method.

Conclusions:

The findings have implications for collaborative goal setting in recovery-oriented services for persons with mental illness and their families.