bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socially-Assistive Robots Using Empathy to Reduce Pain and Distress during Peripheral IV Placement in Children
Authors: Trost Margaret J , Chrysilla Grace , Gold Jeffrey I. , Matarić Maja
Published: April 2020

Objectives. Socially-assistive robots (SAR) have been used to reduce pain and distress in children in medical settings. Patients who perceive empathic treatment have increased satisfaction and improved outcomes. We sought to determine if an empathic SAR could be developed and used to decrease pain and fear associated with peripheral IV placement in children. Methods. We conducted a pilot study of children receiving IV placement. Participating children were randomized to interact with (1) no robot, or a commercially available 3D printed humanoid SAR robot programmed with (2) empathy or (3) distraction conditions. Children and parents completed demographic surveys, and children used an adapted validated questionnaire to rate the robot’s empathy on an 8-point Likert scale. Survey scores were compared by the t-test or chi-square test. Pain and fear were measured by self-report using the FACES and FEAR scales, and video tapes were coded using the CHEOPS and FLACC. Scores were compared using repeated measures 2-way ANOVA. This trial is registered with NCT02840942. Results. Thirty-one children with an average age of 9.6 years completed the study. For all measures, mean pain and fear scores were lowest in the empathy group immediately before and after IV placement. Children were more likely to attribute characteristics of empathy to the empathic condition (Likert score 7.24 v. 4.70; p=0.012) and to report that having the empathic vs. distraction robot made the IV hurt less (7.45 vs. 4.88; p=0.026). Conclusions. Children were able to identify SAR designed to display empathic characteristics and reported it helped with IV insertion pain and fear. Mean scores of self-reported or objective pain and fear scales were the lowest in the empathy group and the highest in the distraction condition before and after IV insertion. This result suggests empathy improves SAR functionality when used for painful medical procedures and informs future research into SAR for pain management.
H2A Monoubiquitination Links Glucose Availability to Epigenetic Regulation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Zhang Yilei , Shi Jiejun , Liu Xiaoguang , Xiao Zhenna , Lei Guang , Lee Hyemin , Koppula Pranavi , Cheng Weijie , Mao Chao , Zhuang Li , Ma Li , Li Wei , Gan Boyi
Published: April 2020

Epigenetic regulation of gene transcription has been shown to coordinate with nutrient availability, yet the mechanisms underlying this coordination remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that glucose starvation suppresses histone 2A K119 monoubiquitination (H2Aub), a histone modification that correlates with gene repression. Glucose starvation suppressed H2Aub levels independently of energy stress–mediated AMP-activated protein kinase activation and possibly through NADPH depletion and subsequent inhibition of BMI1, an integral component of polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that catalyzes H2Aub on chromatin. Integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses linked glucose starvation–mediated H2Aub repression to the activation of genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We further showed that this epigenetic mechanism has a role in glucose starvation–induced cell death and that pharmacologic inhibition of glucose transporter 1 and PRC1 synergistically promoted ER stress and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Together, these results reveal a hitherto unrecognized epigenetic mechanism coupling glucose availability to the ER stress response.

Significance:

These findings link glucose deprivation and H2A ubiquitination to regulation of the ER stress response in tumor growth and demonstrate pharmacologic susceptibility to inhibition of polycomb and glucose transporters.
Uso de macroapoio para restabelecimento da dimensão vertical de oclusão
Authors: Lira João Victor Silva , Gomes Ana Paula Pereira , Paiva Gabriella Rodovalho , Salge Andrea Boscolo Valentim , Nakamura Sergio Massayuki , De Castro Denise Tornavoi
Published: April 2020

A redução da dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO) é consequência de um desequilíbrio oclusal que ocorre após a perda dos dentes. O restabelecimento da relação maxilomandibular é indispensável para o sucesso da reabilitação oral, devolvendo, assim, a estética, a função perdida e a qualidade de vida ao paciente. Uma alternativa de tratamento simples, econômica e de tempo reduzido para pacientes parcialmente desdentados que apresentam alterações no plano oclusal e redução da DVO é a overlay, um tipo de prótese que busca apoio na face oclusal de um ou mais dentes. Este estudo relata um caso clínico realizado durante o curso de graduação em Odontologia, na Policlínica Getúlio Vargas da Universidade de Uberaba, demonstrando a importância e a viabilidade técnica de prótese parcial removível com macroapoio no restabelecimento da DVO do paciente. A partir do que foi encontrado na literatura e no caso clínico relatado, pode-se concluir que as próteses parciais removíveis com macroapoios representam uma alternativa importante no tratamento de pacientes com redução da DVO e consequente restabelecimento das funções do sistema estomatognático, com aspectos conservadores e de reversibilidade.
Global Reach 2018 Heightened α-Adrenergic Signaling Impairs Endothelial Function During Chronic Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia
Authors: Tymko Michael M. , Lawley Justin S. , Ainslie Philip N. , Hansen Alexander B. , Hofstaetter Florian , Rainer Simon , Amin Sachin , Moralez Gilbert , Gasho Christopher , Vizcardo-Galindo Gustavo , Bermudez Daniela , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Hearon Christopher M.
Published: April 2020

Rationale:

Chronic exposure to hypoxia is associated with elevated sympathetic nervous activity and reduced vascular function in lowlanders, and Andean highlanders suffering from excessive erythrocytosis (EE); however, the mechanistic link between chronically elevated sympathetic nervous activity and hypoxia-induced vascular dysfunction has not been determined.

Objective:

To determine the impact of heightened sympathetic nervous activity on resistance artery endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD), and endothelial-independent dilation, in lowlanders and Andean highlanders with and without EE.

Methods and Results:

We tested healthy lowlanders (n=9) at sea level (344 m) and following 14 to 21 days at high altitude (4300 m), and permanent Andean highlanders with (n=6) and without (n=9) EE at high altitude. Vascular function was assessed using intraarterial infusions (3 progressive doses) of acetylcholine (ACh; EDD) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelial-independent dilation) before and after local α+β adrenergic receptor blockade (phentolamine and propranolol). Intraarterial blood pressure, heart rate, and simultaneous brachial artery diameter and blood velocity were recorded at rest and during drug infusion. Changes in forearm vascular conductance were calculated. The main findings were (1) chronic hypoxia reduced EDD in lowlanders (changes in forearm vascular conductance from sea level: ACh1: −52.7±19.6%, ACh2: −25.4±38.7%, ACh3: −35.1±34.7%, all
P
≤0.02); and in Andeans with EE compared with non-EE (changes in forearm vascular conductance at ACh3: −36.4%,
P
=0.007). Adrenergic blockade fully restored EDD in lowlanders at high altitude, and normalized EDD between EE and non-EE Andeans. (2) Chronic hypoxia had no effect on endothelial-independent dilation in lowlanders, and no differences were detected between EE and non-EE Andeans; however, EID was increased in the non-EE Andeans after adrenergic blockade (
P
=0.012), but this effect was not observed in the EE Andeans.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that chronic hypoxia reduces EDD via heightened α-adrenergic signaling in lowlanders and in Andeans with EE. These vascular mechanisms have important implications for understanding the physiological consequences of acute and chronic high altitude adaptation.
Predicted Versus Observed Major Adverse Cardiac Event Risk in Women With Evidence of Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Report From WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation)
Authors: Sedlak Tara , Herscovici Romana , Cook‐Wiens Galen , Handberg Eileen , Wei Janet , Shufelt Chrisandra , Bittner Vera , Reis Steven E. , Reichek Nathaniel , Pepine Carl , Bairey Merz C. Noel
Published: April 2020

Background

Primary prevention risk scores are commonly used to predict cardiovascular (
CVD
) outcomes. The applicability of these scores in patients with evidence of myocardial ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease is unclear.

Methods and Results

Among 935 women with signs and symptoms of ischemia enrolled in
WISE
(Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation), 567 had no obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography. Of these, 433 had had available risk data for 6 commonly used scores: Framingham Risk Score, Reynolds Risk Score, Adult Treatment Panel
III
, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation, Cardiovascular Risk Score 2. Score‐specific
CVD
rates were assessed. For each score, we evaluated predicted versus observed event rates at 10‐year follow‐up using c statistic. Recalibration was done for 3 of the 6 scores. The 433 women had a mean age of 56.9±9.4 years, 82.5% were white, 52.7% had hypertension, 43.6% had dyslipidemia, and 16.9% had diabetes mellitus. The observed 10‐year score‐specific
CVD
rates varied between 5.54% (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) to 28.87% (Framingham Risk Score), whereas predicted event rates varied from 1.86% (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) to 6.99% (Cardiovascular Risk Score 2). The majority of scores showed moderate discrimination (c statistic 0.53 for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation; 0.78 for Framingham Risk Score) and underestimated risk (statistical discordance −58% for Adult Treatment Panel
III
; −84% for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease). Recalibrated Reynolds Risk Score, Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, and Framingham Risk Score had improved performance, but significant underestimation remained.

Conclusions

Commonly used
CVD
risk scores fail to accurately predict
CVD
rates in women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease. These results emphasize the need for new risk assessment scores to reliably assess this population.
Report on Workshop: Planning the Future of Agent Simulation
Authors: Polack Fiona , Zschaler Steffen
Published: April 2020

In May 2019, a workshop on principled development of future agent-based simulations was held at Keele University. Participants spanned companies and academia, and a range of domains of interest, as well as participant career stages. This report summarizes the discussions and main outcomes from this workshop.
The Philosophy of Taha Abderrahman: A Critical Study
Authors: Suleiman Farid
Published: April 2020

This paper provides a critical reading of some of the most important elements in the philosophy of the Moroccan thinker Taha Abderrahman (TA) (b. 1944), who has had a significant impact on contemporary Arab thought. It examines (1) his views on the essence of being human and the degrees of reason, (2) his concept of iʾtimāniyya (trusteeship paradigm), (3) his concept of the ‘discursive field’ (al-majāl al-tadāwulī) and how it relates to his struggle for intellectual emancipation from the hegemony of the West, and (4) his views on politics and democracy. First, the paper argues that TA is not as innovative as he repeatedly claims to be in his works; rather, he promotes a traditional type of Sufism that he skilfully cloaks in modern language, as well as in numerous neologisms that he himself has invented. Second, it is shown that any reading of TA’s philosophy must take into account his affiliation with the Budshishiyya Sufi order (one of the most influential players in the internal power structure of the Moroccan state). This paper contributes to the study of philosophy in the modern Arab world in general and to the study of TA in particular, who thus far has received only limited attention in Western academia.
Negotiations on Arms Control: Is There a Future?
Authors: Hopmann P. Terrence
Published: April 2020

The global arms control regime that began with the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) appears to be collapsing rapidly, with many agreements now abandoned or barely enforced. This article analyzes some of the challenges to new negotiations on arms control based on developments in negotiation theory over the past 60 years. It focuses on the management of multilateral rather than bilateral negotiations, the need to focus on absolute rather than relative gains, the use of problem-solving techniques rather than traditional bargaining, the management of domestic opposition to arms control, the need for national leaders to become active proponents of new negotiations, and the need to focus on norms of cooperative security rather than engaging in arms races. It concludes that a necessary, if not sufficient, condition to save and rebuild the arms control regime is the adoption of more constructive approaches to negotiation on these vital issues.
A new species of Leptopus (Heteroptera: Leptopodidae) from caves in Iran, with notes on other cavernicolous Iranian Heteroptera
Authors: KHAZAEI ZOHREH , POLHEMUS DAN A. , TAHAMI MOHADESEH S.
Published: April 2020

The new species Leptopus gakalae is described from caves in Iran and compared to congeners occurring in the western Palearctic region. Figures are provided of the dorsal habitus and diagnostic morphological characters. Also provided are additional records for other species of Leptopus Latrielle, 1809, occurring from India westward through Europe and North Africa, as well as the first North American record of Leptopus marmoratus (Goeze, 1778) based on an agricultural quarantine intercept. A key is provided to all species of Leptopus occurring in the Western Palearctic region. Notes are also provided on other species of Heteroptera occurring in Iranian caves, with special reference to the small water strider Velia affinis Kolenati, 1857.
A review of South Korean Alloplasta Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) with description of a new species
Authors: KANG GYU-WON , KOLAROV JANKO , LEE JONG-WOOK
Published: April 2020

South Korean Alloplasta species were examined in this study. Prior to this study, only A. longipetiolaris of this genus was previously known from South Korea. Four species are new records, A. kuslitzky, A. nigripes, A. maruyamana and A. subgrisea, and A. brevipetiolaris sp. nov. is described as new to science. Furthermore males of two species, A. kuslitzky and A. subgrisea, are described for the first time. An illustrated identification key is provided for the Alloplasta species known from South Korea.
Tunneling Magnetoresistive Heads for Magnetic Data Storage
Authors: Mao Sining
Published: April 2020

Spintronics is emerging to be a new form of nanotechnologies, which utilizes not only the charge but also spin degree of freedom of electrons. Spin-dependent tunneling transport is one of the many kinds of physical phenomena involving spintronics, which has already found industrial
applications. In this paper, we first provide a brief review on the basic physics and materials for magnetic tunnel junctions, followed more importantly by a detailed coverage on the application of magnetic tunneling devices in magnetic data storage. The use of tunneling magnetoresistive reading
heads has helped to maintain a fast growth of areal density, which is one of the key advantages of hard disk drives as compared to solid-state memories. This review is focused on the first commercial tunneling magnetoresistive heads in the industry at an areal density of 80 ∼ 100 Gbit/in2
for both laptop and desktop Seagate hard disk drive products using longitudinal media. The first generation tunneling magnetoresistive products utilized a bottom stack of tunnel junctions and an abutted hard bias design. The output signal amplitude of these heads was 3 times larger than that
of comparable giant magnetoresistive devices, resulting in a 0.6 decade bit error rate gain over the latter. This has enabled high component and drive yields. Due to the improved thermal dissipation of vertical geometry, the tunneling magnetoresistive head runs cooler with a better lifetime
performance, and has demonstrated similar electrical-static-discharge robustness as the giant magnetoresistive devices. It has also demonstrated equivalent or better process and wafer yields compared to the latter. The tunneling magnetoresistive heads are proven to be a mature and capable
reader technology. Using the same head design in conjunction with perpendicular recording media, an areal density of 274 Gbit/in2 has been demonstrated, and advanced tunneling magnetoresistive heads can reach 311 Gbit/in2. Today, the tunneling magnetoresistive heads have
become a mainstream technology for the hard disk industry and will still be a technology of choice for future hard disk products.
Nanophase Change for Data Storage Applications
Authors: Shi L. P. , Chong T. C.
Published: April 2020

Phase change materials are widely used for date storage. The most widespread and important applications are rewritable optical disc and Phase Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM), which utilizes the light and electric induced phase change respectively. For decades, miniaturization has
been the major driving force to increase the density. Now the working unit area of the current data storage media is in the order of nano-scale. On the nano-scale, extreme dimensional and nano-structural constraints and the large proportion of interfaces will cause the deviation of the phase
change behavior from that of bulk. Hence an in-depth understanding of nanophase change and the related issues has become more and more important. Nanophase change can be defined as: phase change at the scale within nano range of 100 nm, which is size-dependent, interface-dominated and surrounding
materials related. Nanophase change can be classified into two groups, thin film related and structure related. Film thickness and clapping materials are key factors for thin film type, while structure shape, size and surrounding materials are critical parameters for structure type. In this
paper, the recent development of nanophase change is reviewed, including crystallization of small element at nano size, thickness dependence of crystallization, effect of clapping layer on the phase change of phase change thin film and so on. The applications of nanophase change technology
on data storage is introduced, including optical recording such as super lattice like optical disc, initialization free disc, near field, super-RENS, dual layer, multi level, probe storage, and PCRAM including, superlattice-like structure, side edge structure, and line type structure. Future
key research issues of nanophase change are also discussed.
Performance of Silicon Nanocrystal Non-Volatile Memory Devices Under Various Programming Mechanisms
Authors: Ng C. Y. , Chen T. P. , Wong J. I. , Yang M. , Khor T. S. , New C. L. , Li C. M. , Trigg A. D. , Li S.
Published: April 2020

Non-volatile memory devices based on silicon nanocrystal synthesized with very low energy Si+ implantation are fabricated. Memory performance under various programming mechanisms including Fowler-Nordheim (FN), drain-bias channel-hot-electron (DCHE), and source-bias channel-hot-electron
(SCHE) has been investigated. It is observed that the DCHE yields the largest memory window among the three programming mechanisms. The DCHE and SCHE have similar endurance characteristics, but the SCHE has a longer retention time than the DCHE. Both the DCHE and SCHE have a larger memory
window, a better endurance and a longer retention time as compared to the FN. Explanations to the phenomena are given.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of FePt Nanoparticles with Hard Nonmagnetic Shells
Authors: Kang Shishou , Shi Shifan , Miao G. X. , Jia Zhiyong , Nikles David E. , Harrell J. W.
Published: April 2020

Chemically synthesized FePt nanoparticles were coated with nonmagnetic SiO2 and MnO shells by sol–gel and polyol processes. TEM images show that the FePt/SiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a thick spherical shell. The size and morphology of the MnO shell can be controlled
by changing the reaction temperature, the molar ratio of surfactants/Mn(acac)2, and/or the concentration of precursor. The morphology of the MnO shell can be either spherical-like or cubic-like, depending on whether the molar ratio of surfactants/Mn(acac)2 is less than
or larger than 2. From XRD measurements, the spherical core/shell nanoparticles exhibit 3D random crystallographic orientation, while the cubic core/shell nanoparticles prefer (200) texture. The magnetic moment of FePt particles can be enhanced by coating with SiO2 and MnO shells.
Furthermore, the agglomeration of FePt particles upon the thermal annealing can be significantly inhibited with SiO2 and MnO shells.
Mindfulness and yoga self-care workshop for Northern Ugandan teachers: A pilot study
Authors: Matsuba M. Kyle , Williams Lenny
Published: April 2020

Teacher stress is evident in many developed countries; however, teacher stress is also evident in many low-income sub-Saharan countries such as Uganda where teachers face additional challenges compared to their North American/European counterpart. The goal of this study was to pilot test a mindfulness and yoga self-care workshop designed for teachers working in post-conflict Northern Uganda to help them cope with stress. Twenty teachers participated in the workshop and were compared to a group of matched wait-list teachers on psychological well-being measures. Results show that self-care teachers showed greater reductions in levels of anger, fear, sadness and perceived hostility, and greater increases in levels of emotional support and friendship compared to wait-list teachers. Moreover, longitudinal exploratory data analyses suggest that many of these effects gradually emerge over the course of the three-month school term. These finds are discussed in the context of how school psychologists can help teachers in developing countries through from yoga-based, mindfulness-type programs, and the need for more scaled-up research.
Disengagement is as revealing as prosocial action for young children’s responding to strangers in distress: How personal distress and empathic concern come into play
Authors: Lin Hung-Chu , Janice Josephine
Published: April 2020

In a paradigm of simulated stranger distress designed to elicit empathic arousal, this study examined multiple elements of responding in 61 preschoolers. Disengagement from stranger distress was underscored in addition to prosocial responding. All children encountered a female adult stranger feigning stomach ache followed by an infant manikin emitting cry sound in a bassinet. Behaviors were coded for other-oriented behaviors, personal distress, and disengagement. In contrast to the traditional supposition, behaviors indicative of personal distress covaried positively with empathic concern and negatively with disengagement. The findings of multiple regression analysis demonstrated how empathic concern and personal distress jointly related to disengaging behaviors in children’s response to stranger distress.
Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease improves fatigue management and activity and participation measures
Authors: Hill Heather M , Swink Laura A , Atler Karen E , Anderson Abby K , Fling Brett W , Schmid Arlene A
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of a falls-risk management intervention, Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease, on fatigue and activity and participation measures, as well as examine the relationship between these constructs.

Methods

This mixed methods study included 17 participants with Parkinson’s disease. Participants took the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Measure of Participation and Activities Screener at three 8-week intervals: baseline (followed by an 8-week control period), pre-intervention, and post-intervention. Focus groups were completed at the conclusion of the study to explore participants’ perception of Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease related to their fatigue and activity and participation.

Results

Fatigue and activity and participation measures were significantly correlated ( r = 0.76). Activity and participation measures (Measure of Participation and Activities Screener) significantly improved after the intervention ( p = 0.012). Four themes related to fatigue and/or activity and participation emerged following qualitative analysis, including: managing fatigue: paying attention and acting accordingly; creating mindfulness in daily activities; giving and receiving within a community; and strengthening relationship to self and others.

Conclusion

Participants experienced improvement in activity and participation measures and perceived fatigue management after engagement in the community-based Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease program.
Quantitative Assessment of the Pavement Modulus and Surface Crack using the Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curve
Authors: Wang Xue , Shen Shihui , Huang Hai , Zhang Zhixiang
Published: April 2020

Surface cracks directly influence the integrity of asphalt pavement structures, the durability of the pavement, and driving safety. Assessment of cracking distress is of vital importance for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. Compared with other methods, the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method, a seismic wave-based nondestructive method, has advantages in estimating the deterioration of modulus and quantitatively evaluating the depth and severity of surface cracks by means of the Rayleigh wave propagation characteristic. The objectives of this paper are to monitor long-term attenuation characteristics of in-situ modulus of a semi-rigid asphalt pavement, to determine when the surface-opening cracks will occur as associated to the degree of modulus reduction, and to assess the depth of surface-opening crack through the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh wave propagation using the SASW method. First, a general trend of modulus deterioration of asphalt layer was developed in an accelerated pavement testing (APT). Then the factors affecting the dispersion characteristics of the Rayleigh wave were determined through theoretical derivation. Finally, a series of experimental tests on a pavement segment with well-controlled surface-opening cracks was performed to explore how a surface-opening crack in asphalt pavement would vertically influence the propagation of Rayleigh waves at different crack widths. It was found that the general trend of modulus deterioration could be divided into four stages, and the surface-opening cracks occurred in the fourth stage with 40–50% modulus reduction rate. In addition, the relationship between crack depth and the shortest wavelength in the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve was developed according to different crack widths.
Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation
Authors: Bennett Daniel L. , Nikolaev Boris
Published: April 2020

The historical prevalence of infectious diseases has had an enduring effect on innovation around the world. Building on the Parasite Stress Theory of Values, we propose a framework suggestive that the impact of historical disease pathogens on contemporary innovation is transmitted through the development of cultural values as an evolutionary psychological immune system response to ecological conditions. Economic and social interaction between groups was greater (limited) in countries with low (high) pathogen levels, resulting in the development of individualistic (collectivistic) values, which in turn encouraged (impeded) innovation. We provide supportive empirical evidence for a sample of 83 countries.
Community Change Programs for Children and Youth At-Risk: A Review of Lessons Learned
Authors: Gross-Manos Daphna , Cohen Ayala , Korbin Jill E.
Published: April 2020

The significant role of the community in the lives of children and youth at-risk has become increasingly clear to social work academics and professionals over the last three decades. Alongside the more traditional individual and family responses, community interventions have been designed to catalyze change in the environment of children and youth at-risk and supply holistic and sustainable responses to their needs. Ten such community intervention programs were identified from the United States, Australia, Canada, and Israel. Most employed the community development model, focused on developing leadership and social capital (improving community networking) and advancing coordination between the organizations and sectors in the field of risk among children and youth. The diverse programs reviewed focused both on at-risk children and youth in general or specifically on child abuse and neglect. The programs originated from different health, education, and welfare disciplines and sponsoring authorities. The majority were funded originally by private foundations; however, government involvement was significant, particularly in the adoption and support of initiatives after their development. The current analysis of the programs refers to core issues that arose from the review: professional orientation, main target unit, main initiator, and research and evaluation. Analysis of program characteristics enables identifying relevant aspects of these programs for use by policy, governmental, and nonprofit sector stakeholders seeking to develop similar programs. Conclusions and recommendations to advance the field are suggested considering the current context of government cuts in welfare funds.
Dielectric constants of sewed multilayer fabric for wearable e-textiles
Authors: Zhang Yaya , Hu Jiyong , Yan Xiong
Published: April 2020

Wearable antennas are usually designed and manufactured according to the selected substrates and then sewed into regular clothing in real-life applications. For some antennas, which their radiation and the ground plane are on the same side of the dielectric substrate, two-layer substrates made of the original substrate and additional clothing change its dielectric properties and further affect their performance. Previous works only demonstrate that single-layer fabric substrate has an effect on the design and properties of the certain antennas. However, dielectric properties of sewed multilayer fabrics have not been reported. In this work, the influence of the number of parallel sewing threads within 120 mm in the fabric along single direction (referred to as sewing threads trace distribution density) and sewing directions on dielectric properties of single-layer fabric are explored first. Next, the dependence of dielectric properties of sewed multilayer fabric on their components’ arrangement and volume fraction is mainly investigated. Common denim and nonwoven were used as samples. Sewed multilayer fabrics with different arrangement and volume fraction were fabricated, and their dielectric constants were measured by the split post dielectric resonators at 1.11 GHz. The results showed that sewing threads trace distribution densities, and sewing directions had little influence on the dielectric properties of single-layer fabric, whereas dielectric constants of sewed multilayer fabrics varied from their components’ volume fraction regardless of their laying. Furthermore, a parallel mixing model was built to describe the dielectric behavior, and the results showed that it agreed well with the experimental results.
Do Women Need to Have Children in Order to Be Fulfilled? A System Justification Account of the Motherhood Norm
Authors: Suppes Alexandra
Published: April 2020

There is a widely held folk belief that a woman needs to have children in order to live a fulfilled life. This article tests whether or not endorsing this folk belief—or the motherhood norm—has an impact on subjective well-being. With data from 49 countries, Study 1 shows that those who endorsed the motherhood norm experienced greater subjective well-being than those who did not, an effect that was especially true in countries with high gender inequality. Study 2 establishes that this norm exaggerates the impact of motherhood on subjective well-being. After accounting for the situation of women’s lives, motherhood status did not explain differences in self-reported life satisfaction, and mothers reported only slightly greater happiness than women who were not mothers. These findings support a series of preregistered hypotheses designed to test the palliative function of endorsing system-justifying norms, though these data may be consistent with other theories.
The Connect CLL Registry: final analysis of 1494 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia across 199 US sites
Authors: Mato Anthony , Nabhan Chadi , Lamanna Nicole , Kay Neil E. , Grinblatt David L. , Flowers Christopher R. , Farber Charles M. , Davids Matthew S. , Swern Arlene S. , Sullivan Kristen , Flick E. Dawn , Gressett Ussery Sarah M. , Gharibo Mecide , Kiselev Pavel , Sharman Jeff P.
Published: April 2020

Optimal treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains unclear. The Connect CLL Registry, a United States–based multicenter prospective observational cohort study, enrolled 1494 patients between 2010 and 2014 from predominantly community-based settings. Patients were grouped by line of therapy (LOT) at enrollment. With a median follow-up of 46.6 months (range, 0-63.0 months), median overall survival (OS) was not reached in LOT1, 63.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.0-63.0 months) in LOT2, and 38.0 months (95% CI, 33.0-47.0 months) in LOT≥3. Bendamustine and rituximab (BR; 33.5%); fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR; 21.4%); and rituximab monotherapy (18.5%) were the most common regimens across LOTs. Median event-free survival (EFS) was similar in patients treated with BR (59.0 months) and FCR (55.0 months) in LOT1; median OS was not reached. In multivariable analysis, BR or FCR vs other treatments in LOT1 was associated with improved EFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; P < .0001) and OS (0.67; P = .0162). Using the Kaplan-Meier product limit, ibrutinib vs other treatments improved OS in LOT2 (HR, 0.279; P = .009), LOT3 (0.441; P = .011), and LOT≥4 (0.578; P = .043). Prognostic modeling of death at 2 years postenrollment identified 3 risk groups: low (mortality rate, 6.2%), medium (14.5%), and high (27.4%). The most frequent adverse events across LOTs were pneumonia (11.6%) and febrile neutropenia (6.2%). These data suggest that advantages of LOT1 FCR over BR seen in clinical trials may not translate to community practice, whereas receiving novel LOT2 agents improved outcomes. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01081015.
Grading and management of cytokine release syndrome in patients treated with tisagenlecleucel in the JULIET trial
Authors: Schuster Stephen J. , Maziarz Richard T. , Rusch Elisha S. , Li Junlong , Signorovitch James E. , Romanov Vadim V. , Locke Frederick L. , Maloney David G.
Published: April 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy yields durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL). Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a CAR-T therapy–related adverse event. To date, clinical trials of different CAR-T products have not been aligned on CRS grading scales and management algorithms. We assessed concordance between the Penn, Lee, and American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) grading systems by retrospectively regrading CRS events in the JULIET (A Phase 2, Single Arm, Multicenter Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of CTL019 in Adult Patients With Relapsed or Refractory DLBCL) trial. Four medical experts with experience treating patients with 3 different CAR-T products independently regraded individual patient-level CRS events from the phase 2, global, pivotal JULIET trial (#NCT02445248). As of 8 December 2017, a total of 111 patients with r/r DLBCL underwent infusion with tisagenlecleucel. Sixty-four patients had CRS events graded per the Penn scale; on retrospective review, 63 and 61 patients had CRS events regraded per the Lee and ASTCT criteria, respectively. The Lee scale yielded concordance for 39, lower grade for 20, and higher grade for 5 events compared with the Penn scale. The ASTCT criteria provided concordance for 37, lower grade for 23, and higher grade for 4 events compared with the Penn scale. Sixteen (14%) of 111 patients in the JULIET trial received tocilizumab, all for severe events (Penn grade 3/4 CRS). This study is the first to assess concordance between 3 CRS grading scales using the same patient data set and to compare tocilizumab use according to the Lee scale in the JULIET trial and the ZUMA-1 (Long-Term Safety and Activity of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma) trial. This analysis describes key differences between grading scales and may inform CRS management practices.
Analysis of Power Matching on Energy Savings of a Pneumatic Rotary Actuator Servo-Control System
Authors: Zhang Yeming , Yue Hongwei , Li Ke , Cai Maolin
Published: April 2020

When saving energy in a pneumatic system, the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply pressure. The power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system, and the energy-saving effect is verified by experiments. First, the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built, and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is analyzed. Then, the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived, and their characteristic curves are drawn. The employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump, and the power characteristic of the system is matched. The power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic curve. The minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply pressure. The comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.
Tryptophan-like fluorescence as a fingerprint of dry-weather misconnections into storm drainage system
Authors: Yin Hailong , Wang Yue , Yang Yang , Huang Jingshui , Xu Zuxin
Published: April 2020

Background

Inappropriate dry-weather misconnections into storm drainage system are a demanding environmental problem worldwide, which leads to unexpected dry-weather discharge into surface waters. It often costs a large amount of manpower and resources to identify the source of misconnections and estimate its contributions. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of quantifying proportional source contribution in a storm drainage system with dry-weather misconnections from domestic sewage and river water inflow, using rapid and low-cost fluorescence spectroscopy methods. For this purpose, samples of both misconnection sources and outflows of storm drainage system were collected and analyzed in a downtown catchment of Shanghai, China.

Results

Results showed that fluorescent peak intensity of tryptophan-like T1 in domestic sewage (802 ± 126 a.u.) was significantly higher than that in urban river water (57 ± 12 a.u.), while fluorescent peak intensities of tryptophan-like T2 in urban river water (732 ± 304 a.u.) was much higher than that in domestic sewage (261 ± 64 a.u.) due to increased algal activity in the local river and upstream inflow chemistry. However, only peak T2 passed the conservative behavior test in the incubation experiments, which could be used as a fingerprint for quantitatively identifying the misconnections. We further developed a Bayesian fluorescence mass balance model (FMBM) to infer the percentage of dry-weather misconnections into the storm drainage system as a function of fluorescence intensities of peak T2 in the samples of sources and outflow. It was found that the maximum posteriori probability estimate of the percentage of river water intrusion into the storm drains was up to 20.8% in this site, which was validated by the results of on-site investigation.

Conclusion

Our findings implied that in situ fluorescent sensors and Bayesian FMBM for the fingerprint fluorescence peak could be applied to fast track inappropriate dry-weather misconnections into storm drainage system qualitatively and quantitatively with low costs.
RIPK1 polymorphisms alter the susceptibility to cervical Cancer among the Uyghur population in China
Authors: Tuoheti Zulipiyamu , Han Lili , Husaiyin Sulaiya , Liu Xiaoxi , Ma Chunhua , Niyazi Mayinuer
Published: April 2020

Background

RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase-1) plays a role in cancer development, whereas no clear studies focused on the cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between RIPK1 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk among the Uyghur population.

Methods

We performed a case-control study including 342 cervical cancer patients and 498 age-matched healthy controls. Four RIPK1 genetic variants (rs6907943, rs2077681, rs9503400 and rs17548629) were genotyped with Agena MassARRAY platform. The associations between RIPK1 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk were assessed under Binary logistic regression models. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to improve the results reliability.

Results

The results showed rs2077681 was significantly associated with cervical cancer risk under various genetic models (codominant: OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.40–7.07, p = 0.006, FDR-p = 0.018; recessive: OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.43–7.16, p = 0.005, FDR-0.018). The stratified analysis indicated that the relationships of rs6907946, rs9503400 and rs17548629 with cervical cancer risk were statistically significant in the subgroup of clinical stage (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that RIPK1 polymorphisms were associated with cervical cancer susceptibility among the Uyghur population in China, and RIPK1 polymorphisms might be involved in the development of cervical cancer.
Anxiety levels among health sciences students during their first visit to the dissection room
Authors: Romo-Barrientos Carmen , Criado-Álvarez Juan José , González-González Jaime , Ubeda-Bañon Isabel , Flores-Cuadrado Alicia , Saiz-Sánchez Daniel , Viñuela Antonio , Martin-Conty Jose Luis , Simón Teresa , Martinez-Marcos Alino , Mohedano-Moriano Alicia
Published: April 2020

Background

The teaching of human anatomy is often based on practices of cadaver dissection and prosected specimens. However, exposure to human cadavers might be stressful and anxiety-inducing for students. The aim of this study is to explore the degree of satisfaction and anxiety among first-year students in the Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Nursing programmes at the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) who are experiencing their first dissection/prosection practice to develop stress coping strategies.

Methods

A total of 204 health sciences students participated in this study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety.

Results

‘State Anxiety’ (SA) decreased significantly throughout the course (p < 0.05), from 20.7 ± 19.29 to 13.7 ± 11.65 points. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) in SA were found between the different health sciences, and pre-practice SA was significantly different from post-practice SA. The students with the highest pre-practice SA levels were nursing students (31.8 ± 33.7 points), but medical students had the highest post-practice SA levels (18.4 ± 12.82 points).

Conclusions

Although students were satisfied with dissection practices (96.8% of them recommended that the practices be retained for future courses), the experience can provoke stressful responses that must be addressed using advanced preparation and coping mechanisms, especially among medical and nursing students.
Trehalose alleviates the phenotype of Machado–Joseph disease mouse models
Authors: Santana Magda M. , Paixão Susana , Cunha-Santos Janete , Silva Teresa Pereira , Trevino-Garcia Allyson , Gaspar Laetitia S. , Nóbrega Clévio , Nobre Rui Jorge , Cavadas Cláudia , Greif Hagar , Pereira de Almeida Luís
Published: April 2020

Background

Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is the most common of the dominantly inherited ataxias worldwide and is characterized by mutant ataxin-3 aggregation and neuronal degeneration. There is no treatment available to block or delay disease progression. In this work we investigated whether trehalose, a natural occurring disaccharide widely used in food and cosmetic industry, would rescue biochemical, behavioral and neuropathological features of an in vitro and of a severe MJD transgenic mouse model.

Methods

Two MJD animal models, a lentiviral based and a transgenic model, were orally treated with 2% trehalose solution for a period of 4 and 30 weeks, respectively. Motor behavior (rotarod, grip strength and footprint patterns) was evaluated at different time points and neuropathological features were evaluated upon in-life phase termination.

Results

Trehalose-treated MJD mice equilibrated for a longer time in the rotarod apparatus and exhibited an improvement of ataxic gait in footprint analysis. Trehalose-mediated improvements in motor behaviour were associated with a reduction of the MJD-associated neuropathology, as MJD transgenic mice treated with trehalose presented preservation of cerebellar layers thickness and a decrease in the size of ataxin-3 aggregates in Purkinje cells. In agreement, an improvement of neuropathological features was also observed in the full length lentiviral-based mouse model of MJD submitted to 2% trehalose treatment.

Conclusions

The present study suggests trehalose as a safety pharmacological strategy to counteract MJD-associated behavioural and neuropathological impairments.