bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions between behavior function and psychotropic medication
Authors: Cox Alison D. , Virues‐Ortega Javier
Published: September 2015

We reanalyzed published studies that reported functional analyses conducted in the presence and absence of medication. In Analysis 1, we assessed the overall effect of psychotropic medication on problem behavior. Medication had a reductive effect in 29 of the 37 sets of functional analyses reviewed. The magnitude of the effect was associated with the baseline level of responding according to a rate‐dependency function. Analysis 2 examined medication‐induced changes in behavior function. The introduction of medication was followed by the emergence of a new function (1), a change in functions (1), the subtraction of one function in multiply controlled problem behavior (2), and near‐zero levels of responding (6). Thus, in 4 of 37 cases reviewed, medication may have induced function‐specific changes in problem behavior. We discuss the implications of these findings for a closer collaboration between behavior analysts and prescribing professionals in the treatment of problem behavior.
Perivascular Stem Cells at the Tip of Mouse Incisors Regulate Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Pang Yvonne WY , Feng Jifan , Daltoe Felipe , Fatscher Robert , Gentleman Eileen , Gentleman Molly M , Sharpe Paul T
Published: September 2015

Cells with in vitro properties similar to those of bone marrow stromal stem cells are present in tooth pulp as quiescent cells that are mobilized by damage. These dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) respond to damage by stimulating proliferation and differentiation into odontoblast-like cells that form dentine to repair the damage. In continuously growing mouse incisors, tissue at the incisor tips is continuously being damaged by the shearing action between the upper and lower teeth acting to self-sharpen the tips. We investigated mouse incisor tips as a model for the role of DPSCs in a continuous natural repair/regeneration process. We show that the pulp at the incisor tip is composed of a disorganized mass of mineralized tissue produced by odontoblast-like cells. These cells become embedded into the mineralized tissue that is rapidly formed and then lost during feeding. Tetracycline labeling not only revealed the expected incorporation into newly synthesized dentine formation of the incisor but also a zone covering the pulp cavity at the tips of the incisors that is mineralized very rapidly. This tissue was dentine-like but had a significantly lower mineral content than dentine as determined by Raman spectroscopy. The mineral was more crystalline than dentine, indicative of small, defect-free mineral particles. To identify the origin of cells responsible for deposition of this mineralized tissue, we genetically labeled perivascular cells by crossing NG2ERT2Cre and Nestin Cre mice with reporter mice. A large number of pericyte-derived cells were visible in the pulp of incisor tips with some having elongated, odontoblast-like shapes. These results show that in mouse incisors, rapid, continuous mineralization occurs at the tip to seal off the pulp tissue from the external environment. The mineral is formed by perivascular-derived cells that differentiate into cells expressing dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP) and produce a dentine-like material in a process that functions as continuous natural tissue regeneration. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors of Prolonged Grief, Resilience, and Recovery Among Bereaved Spouses
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Sinan Beyza , Bonanno George A.
Published: September 2015

Objective

Most reactions to loss can be characterized by three prototypical trajectories of resilience, gradual recovery, and chronic distress (Bonanno, ). However, research on the factors that uniquely predict these trajectories of response has been limited. We examined theoretically relevant predictors of each of the trajectory patterns.

Method

We assessed 115 bereaved spouses at 1.5 to 3 years postloss and 74 married controls. To identify grief trajectory, we provided bereaved participants with a graphical depiction of the trajectories and asked them to select the one that best described their experience.

Results

Group comparisons revealed substantial differences between resilient and prolonged grievers, and almost no differences between resilient and married controls. Multivariate analyses indicated that prolonged grief, when compared to resilience, was uniquely associated with maladaptive dependency traits, difficulty accessing positive memories of the deceased, and higher recalled marital adjustment.

Conclusion

The present results extend our understanding of factors associated with distinct trajectories of adjustment after loss.
Facile Synthesis of Some Novel Tetrasubstituted 2,4‐Diaminopyrimidine Derivatives in Aqueous Glucose Solution as a Fully Green Medium and Promoter
Authors: Aryan Reza , Beyzaei Hamid , Sadeghi Fatemeh
Published: September 2015

A novel environmentally benign method toward the synthesis of some novel tetrasubstituted 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine derivatives using an aqueous glucose‐mediated one‐pot three‐component reaction of malononitrile with various benzaldehyde and amidine derivatives is reported. Some pyrimidine derivatives possessing α‐amino acid moiety were synthesized by the present protocol for the first time. This protocol offers advantages including facile reaction conditions, using naturally occurring glucose as promoter and water as solvent, simple work‐up, relatively short reaction times, and high yields of the products.
Effect of cooking temperatures on characteristics and microstructure of camel meat emulsion sausages
Authors: Mohamed Hussein MH , Emara Mohamed MT , Nouman Taha M
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

The camel is an excellent source of high quality meat and camel meat might be a potential alternative for beef. This study aimed to manipulate the raw camel meat for the production of stable and acceptable emulsion sausage, as well as to study the effect of cooking at different core temperatures on the tenderness, sensory quality and microstructure of produced sausage.

RESULTS

Increasing the cooking temperature of sausages resulted in reduction of the shear force values from 2.67 kgf after cooking at 85 °C to 1.57 kgf after cooking at 105 °C. The sensory scores of sausages have been improved by increasing the cooking core temperature of meat batter. The light and scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed solubilisation of the high quantity of connective tissue of camel meat. High emulsion stability values for the camel meat batter associated with high values of water‐holding capacity for raw camel meat and meat batter have been recorded.

CONCLUSION

Stable and acceptable camel meat emulsion can be developed from camel meat. Increasing the cooking core temperature of meat batter improved the quality of produced sausages. Therefore, camel meat emulsion sausages might be a potential alternative for beef particularly in Asian and African countries. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystals for modern displays
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: September 2015

In this article, we disclose electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) that is characterized by high optical quality and fast response time at the cost of extremely small driving voltage. These unique features of the ESHFLCs are highly sensitive to the anchoring energy that should be smaller and comparable to the elastic energy of the ferroelectric liquid crystal helix. The photo alignment, which offers good control on the anchoring energy by means of the irradiation energy, is critically important to lock the optimum parameters of the ESHFLC display cell. An example of field sequential color display with the frame frequency of 240 Hz at the driving voltage of 2 V has been demonstrated.
Remediation of problematic residents—A national survey
Authors: Bhatti Nasir I. , Ahmed Aadil , Stewart Michael G. , Miller Robert H. , Choi Sukgi S.
Published: September 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Despite careful selection processes, residency programs face the challenge of training residents who fall below minimal performance standards. Poor performance of a resident can endanger both patient safety and the reputation of the residency program. It is important, therefore, for a program to identify such residents and implement strategies for their successful remediation. The purpose of our study was to gather information on evaluation and remediation strategies employed by different otolaryngology programs.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

We conducted a national survey, sending a questionnaire to the program directors of 106 otolaryngology residency programs. We collected information on demographics of the program, identification of problematic residents, and remediation strategies.

Results

The response rate was 74.5%, with a 2% cumulative incidence of problematic residents in otolaryngology programs during the past 10 years. The most frequently reported deficiencies of problematic residents were unprofessional behavior with colleagues/staff (38%), insufficient medical knowledge (37%), and poor clinical judgment (34%). Personal or professional stress was the most frequently identified underlying problem (70.5%). Remediation efforts included general counseling (78%), frequent feedback sessions (73%), assignment of a mentor (58%), and extra didactics (47%). These remediation efforts failed to produce improvement in 23% of the identified residents, ultimately leading to their dismissal.

Conclusions

The apparent deficiencies, underlying causes, and remediation strategies vary among otolaryngology residency programs. Based on the results of this survey, we offer recommendations for the early identification of problematic residents and a standardized remediation plan.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 126:834–838, 2016
Confocal imaging of carbon dioxide laser‐ablated basal cell carcinomas: An ex‐vivo study on the uptake of contrast agent and ablation parameters
Authors: Sierra Heidy , Damanpour Shadi , Hibler Brian , Nehal Kishwer , Rossi Anthony , Rajadhyaksha Milind
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives

Laser ablation can be an effective treatment for the minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). However, the lack of histological confirmation after ablation results in high variability of recurrence rates and has been a limitation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging, combined with a contrast agent, may detect the presence (or absence) of residual BCC tumors directly on the patient and thus provide noninvasive histology‐like feedback to guide ablation. The goal of this ex vivo bench‐top study was to determine affective ablation parameters (fluence, number of passes) for a CO2 laser that will allow both removal of BCCs and control of the underlying thermal coagulation zone in post‐ablated tissue to enable uptake of contrast agent and RCM imaging.

Materials and Methods

We used 72 discarded fresh normal skin specimens and frozen BCC tumor specimens to characterize the depth of ablation and to evaluate uptake of contrast agent and image quality. Acetic acid was used to enhance nuclear brightness (“acetowhitening”) during imaging pre‐ and post‐ablation. Histology sections of the post‐ablated imaged surface were visually examined for the appearance of nuclear and dermal morphology and compared to the RCM images.

Results

Results for 1–3 passes of 5.5 J/cm2, 6.5 and 7.5 J/cm2, and 1–2 passes of 8.5 J/cm2 showed the uptake of acetic acid for contrast and RCM imaging of the presence and absence of residual BCC tumors in post‐ablated tissue. Morphologic details in the images were validated by the histology.

Conclusion

The use of effective ablation parameters may enable RCM imaging to guide ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:133–139, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fam83h null mice support a neomorphic mechanism for human ADHCAI
Authors: Wang Shih‐Kai , Hu Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Smith Charles E. , Richardson Amelia S , Yamakoshi Yasuo , Lee Yuan‐Ling , Seymen Figen , Koruyucu Mine , Gencay Koray , Lee Moses , Choi Murim , Kim Jung‐Wook , Hu Jan C‐C. , Simmer James P.
Published: September 2015

Truncation mutations in FAM83H (family with sequence similarity 83, member H) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI), but little is known about FAM83H function and the pathogenesis of ADHCAI. We recruited three ADHCAI families and identified two novel (p.Gln457*; p.Lys639*) and one previously documented (p.Q452*) disease‐causing FAM83H mutations. We generated and characterized Fam83h‐knockout/lacZ‐knockin mice. Surprisingly, enamel thickness, density, Knoop hardness, morphology, and prism patterns were similar in Fam83h+/+, Fam83h+/−, and Fam83h−/− mice. The histology of ameloblasts in all stages of development, in both molars and incisors, was virtually identical in all three genotypes and showed no signs of pathology, although the Fam83h−/− mice usually died after 2 weeks and rarely survived to 7 weeks. LacZ expression in the knockin mice was used to report Fam83h expression in the epithelial tissues of many organs, notably in skin and hair follicles, which manifested a disease phenotype. Pull‐down studies determined that FAM83H dimerizes through its N‐terminal phospholipase D‐like (PLD‐like) domain and identified potential FAM83H interacting proteins. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) interacts with the FAM83H PLD‐like domain via an F270‐X‐X‐X‐F274‐X‐X‐X‐F278 motif. CK1 can phosphorylate FAM83H in vitro, and many phosphorylation sites were identified in the FAM83H C‐terminus. Truncation of FAM83H alters its subcellular localization and that of CK1. Our results support the conclusion that FAM83H is not necessary for proper dental enamel formation in mice, but may act as a scaffold protein that localizes CK1. ADHCAI is likely caused by gain‐of‐function effects mediated by truncated FAM83H, which potentially mislocalizes CK1 as part of its pathological mechanism.
Blow‐up phenomena for a class of fourth‐order nonlinear wave equations with a viscous damping term
Authors: Khelghati Ali , Baghaei Khadijeh
Published: September 2015

This paper deals with the blow‐up phenomena for a class of fourth‐order nonlinear wave equations with a viscous damping term

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3623:mma3623-math-0046
with Ω = (0,1) and α > 0. Here, f(s) is a given nonlinear smooth function.

For 0 < α < p – 1, we prove that the blow‐up occurs in finite time for arbitrary positive initial energy and suitable initial data. This result extends the recent results obtained by Xu et al. (Applicable Analysis)(2013) and Chen and Lu (J. Math. Anal. Appl.)(2009). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Index lesion characterization by 11C‐Choline PET/CT and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient parameters at 3 Tesla MRI in primary prostate carcinoma
Authors: Hernández‐Argüello Miguel , Quiceno Hernán , Pascual Ignacio , Solorzano José L. , Benito Alberto , Collantes María , Rodríguez‐Fraile Macarena , Pardo Javier , Richter José A.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND

Index lesion characterization is important in the evaluation of primary prostate carcinoma (PPC). The aim of this study was to analyze the contribution of 11C‐Choline PET/CT and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient maps (ADC) in detecting the Index Lesion and clinically significant tumors in PPC.

METHODS

Twenty‐one untreated patients with biopsy‐proven PPC and candidates for radical prostatectomy (RP) were prospectively evaluated by means of Ultra‐High Definition PET/CT and 3T MRI, which included T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and ADC maps obtained from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Independent experts analyzed all the images separately and were unaware of the pathological data. In each case, the Index lesion was defined as the largest tumor measured on histopathology (Index H). In addition, the largest lesion observed on MRI (Index MRI) and the highest avid 11C‐Choline uptake lesion (Index PET) were obtained. The Gleason scores (GS) of the tumors were determined. PET/CT and ADC map quantitative parameters were also calculated. Measures of correlation among imaging parameters as well as the sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) for tumor detection were analyzed. All data was validated with the pathological study.

RESULTS

In the morphological study, 139 foci of carcinoma were identified, 47 of which corresponded to clinically significant tumors (>0.5 cm3). The remaining foci presented a maximum diameter (dmax) of 0.1 cm ± SD 0.75 and were not classified as clinically significant. Thirty‐two tumors presented a GS (3 + 3), nine GS (3 + 4), and six GS (4 + 3). A total of 21 Index H (dmax = 1.37 cm SD ± 0.61) were identified. The S, Sp, NPV, and PPV for tumor detection with PET were 100%, 70%, 83%, 100%, and for MRI were 46%, 100%, 100%, 54%, respectively. Both Index PET and Index MRI were complementary and identified 95% of the Index H when quantitative criteria were used.

CONCLUSION

In spite of the fact that PET imaging has higher tumor sensitivity than MRI, 11C‐Choline PET and ADC maps have complementary roles in the evaluation of Index Lesion in PPC. Index PET and Index MRI could be complementary targets in the therapeutic planning of PPC. Prostate 76:3–12, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paper No P01: Nonspecular Reflectors Using One‐Step Spray Coating for Brightness Enhancement in Reflective Displays
Authors: Pan Su , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: September 2015

We proposed a novel method to fabricate nonspecular reflectors by spray coating system, which are applied to enhance brightness near normal view direction when light is obliquely incident. Fabrication parameters are optimized, and a 70 mm × 70 mm prototype is exhibited.
Paper No P08: Study of the Bend Oriented Liquid Crystal Phase Grating
Authors: Shuyuan Zhang , Tao Yu , Jiahe Zhang , Bo Zhang , Jinggang Zhao , Lina Zhang
Published: September 2015

A bend‐oriented liquid crystal phase grating was presented in this paper. The diffraction efficiency and the response time were studied and compared to the same parameters in parallel‐oriented liquid crystals phase grating. The result showed that the bend‐oriented liquid crystal phase grating behaves a higher diffraction efficiency than the comparative parallel‐oriented ones and 20 times shorter in response time.
Paper No P11: Nanoparticles‐ and Ionic Liquid‐Modified Liquid Crystal Systems for Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Czajkowski M. , Cybinska J. , Klajn J. , Feder‐Kubis J. , Gordel M. , Komorowska K.
Published: September 2015

We present some approaches for modulation of light by hybrid liquid crystal materials. Mixtures of liquid crystals with chiral ionic liquids are used for modulating the incident light amplitude by alternative electric field. Hybrid cells of liquid crystals with inner surfaces, being modified by metallic and semiconductor nanoparticles, are used for phase or amplitude modulation of light. Those groups of the materials used for modification of liquid crystal cells are promising for construction of efficient light switches and modulators.
Paper No P06: Preserved Color Gamut and High Color Stability by Local Dimming for LC‐Panels
Authors: Schäfer Daniel , Xu Chihao
Published: September 2015

The light leakage and the color shift of an liquid crystal display (LCD) and especially vertically aligned (VA) panel drastically increases with viewing angle. Particularly for dark images the color gamut gets poorer and the color remarkably shifts with change of viewing angle. In this article, we investigate the impact of local dimming in respect of color gamut and color shift. The results by applying the sorted sector covering (SSC) local dimming algorithm in respect of color gamut and color shift are impressive. Not only the static contrast, but also the color gamut and stability are significantly enhanced, so that the image displayed is much more vivid and colorful.
Paper No P14: Key Technology of 8G In‐Line Deposition System for OLED TV
Authors: Choi Myungwoon , Yu Kownkuk , Jeon Okchul , Lee Sangmin , Kim Sungmoon , Kim Hyungmin , Seo Jeongguk , Jeong Kwangho
Published: September 2015

In this report, the new production line for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display to overcome hurdles in OLED TV production is described. Instead of conventional cluster system, we adopted in‐line system with linear nozzle source (LNS), gluon chuck, and speed buffer (SB) system. The thickness uniformities of organic layers evaporated are well controlled within 3% over the area of 2200 × 2500 mm2. The glass was horizontally moved from chuck chamber to dechuck chamber by gluon chuck with glass sagging less than 3 mm. Using SB systems, the distance between masks can be controlled by 10 mm. The efficiency of the system is obtained about 60%. Most effective in‐line system is developed and applied to the mass production of OLED TV.
Paper No P15: Enhancement of Extraction Efficiency in OLED with Multi‐Cathode Structure Prepared on a Plastic Substrate
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Doi Shuhei
Published: September 2015

Light extraction of organic light‐emitting device has been successfully enhanced by preparing on a plastics substrate. We describe optical design method of mode conversion for reducing optical losses in waveguide and evanescent modes by introducing a new cathode and a plastic substrate. The phosphorescent green light emitting device exhibits higher light extraction by a factor of 2–3.
Paper No P21: Organic Thin‐Film Transistors Using V‐Shaped Organic Semiconductor With Various Interfacial Layers
Authors: Shaari Safizan Binti , Naka Shigeki , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2015

Organic Thin‐Film Transistor (OTFTs) using V‐shaped organic semiconductor with various insulating interfacial layers (IILs) were investigated. The mobility and threshold voltage of OTFT without interfacial layer were 0.70 cm2/Vs and 1.2 V, respectively. However, by using various interfacial layers, OTFT with CT4112 exhibit high performance of mobility up to 1.2 cm2/Vs and low threshold voltage −4.3 V was obtained.
Paper No P25: The Nanocomposite on the Base of Liquid Crystal Material with Aluminum Nitride for Sulfur Dioxide Optical Sensor
Authors: Sushynskyi Orest , Prystay Taras , Mykytyuk Zinoviy
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we study the influence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on spectral characteristics of the nanocomposite on the base of cholesteric liquid crystal with aluminum nitride (AlN). The changes in spectral characteristics as the result of the interaction of SO2 with AlN nanotubes was demonstrated. We propose to use this nanocomposite as the material of the primary transducer of SO2 optical sensor.
Paper No P30: Luminance Distribution Measurements in CAVE‐Type Virtual Reality Systems
Authors: Mazikowski Adam
Published: September 2015

In this article, the immerse 3D visualization lab just opened at the Gdańsk University of Technology is presented. The effect of user “immersion,” it such virtual reality systems, is largely dependent on the optical properties of projected images. Luminance distribution of screens was measured and the luminance uniformity was determined and discussed.
Paper No P31: Fast and Easy‐to‐Use Approach of BRDF Measurements by Use of Fixed Small Light Source and Luminance Imager
Authors: Marsal A. , Sycev A. , Blankenbach K. , Smirnov A.
Published: September 2015

Measurements of reflection characteristic are usually done by BRDF. We evaluated successfully a method by using an imaging colorimeter and a small light source, both at fixed position.
Paper No P32: Impact of Halogen Ion Size of Chemical Agent System on Electrical and Optical Characteristics of rGO Layers
Authors: Eskandari V. , Fathollahi M. R. , Mohajerani E. , Fallahi A. , Tahani P.
Published: September 2015

In the current paper, we compare the effect of different hydrogen halide acid agent systems in chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) thin layers. We observe the large iodine ion can facilitate the reduction reaction in comparison with bromide and chloride counterpart ions. We show the sheet resistance of the graphene layer decreases by about six orders of magnitude due to efficient reduction of the graphene oxide.
Paper No S1.3: Lead Zirconate Titanate‐Based Transmissive Liquid Crystal Lens Approach
Authors: Willekens Oliver , George John , Neyts Kristiaan , Beeckman Jeroen
Published: September 2015

We report the design and fabrication of an electrooptical, tunable, liquid crystal‐based lens and analysis of its performance. The lens obtains its gradient index (GRIN) profile from multielectrode addressing using a layer with high dielectric constant to extend and smoothen out the horizontal electric field between the large interelectrode distances.
Paper No S10.4: Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Symmetry‐related Transitions in Cubic Y2O3:Tb3+
Authors: den Engelsen Daniel , Fern George R. , Ireland Terry G. , Harris Paul G. , Silver Jack
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we describe measurements of the cathodoluminescence of nanosized cubic Y2O3:Tb3+ with a transmission electron microscope. From the CL‐spectra we determined the energy flow from excited Tb3+ in a S6 lattice site to Tb3+ in a C2 site.
Paper No S11.1: Display‐Metrology: A Historical Review (Invited Paper)
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: September 2015

This article sketches the winding path of the art of measurement of LC‐display contrast and other visual properties versus viewing direction from the beginnings of LCD‐manufacturing in the 1970s until today. It describes two methods of directional scanning: conoscopy—an optical approach without moving parts—and gonioscopy, the motorized scanning of the range of directions of interest, and introduces their features and limitations and a range of instrumental implementations.
Paper No S14.2: Degradation Behavior of Blue OLEDs
Authors: Jiang Xingtong , Volkert Pascal , Xu Chihao
Published: September 2015

In this article, we investigate the degradation behavior of blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Current–voltage–luminance characteristics were measured for various operational times. Analysis with respect to I–V drift and current efficiency degradation indicates that a compensation of OLED degradation may get feasible.
Paper No S16.2: See‐Through Multiaperture Near‐to‐Eye Display With Waveguide
Authors: Schreiber Peter , Lorenz Matthias , Dannberg Peter , Fuchs Frank
Published: September 2015

We describe design and manufacturing of a multiaperture near‐to‐eye (N2E) display, establish design rules, and discuss relevant properties in comparison with traditional single‐aperture devices. A grating‐coupled waveguide shifts the image laterally toward the eye‐motion box and enables see‐through functionality using the zeroth diffraction order of the outcoupling grating.
Paper No S3.1: Modeling of Liquid Crystal Structures (Invited Paper)
Authors: Day Sally E. , Nie Zijun , Yang Mengyang , Fernandez F. Anibal
Published: September 2015

Modeling of nematic liquid crystal structures using the tensor method are presented for various configurations. In particular defect formation at the edges of electrodes, which depend on alignment direction have been studied, as well as droplets of cholesteric liquid crystals, where the pitch must adapt to conform to the surface alignment of the droplet and the position of the defects at the poles.
Paper No S3.4: Switchable Liquid Crystal Devices for Efficient Light Steering
Authors: Shang X. , De Smet J. , Joshi P. , Cuypers D. , Tan J. , Willekens O. , Beeckman J. , Neyts K. , Baghdasaryan T. , Vervaeke M. , Thienpont H. , De Smet H.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we describe an electrically switchable light beam steering component, based on the combination of microprism structures and nematic liquid crystals, which effectively deflects both a laser beam and a collimated white light beam with a controllable steering range of 3°.
Paper No S5.2: Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Dispersions
Authors: Kemiklioglu Emine , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: September 2015

A polymer‐stabilized and polymer‐dispersed blue phase (PS‐PDBP) device operating at room temperature is demonstrated. The encapsulated blue phase liquid crystal droplets were formed in a polymer solution. With polymer stabilization, the blue phase temperature range of the blue phase dispersion was remarkably increased more than 53°C. In this presentation, we also describe the electro‐optical properties of the PS‐PDBP films made from different compositions.
Paper No S6.3: Photoaligned Diffractive Thin Film Polymer Polarizer to Double the Efficiency of Conventional Polarizers
Authors: Du Tao , Fan Fan , Tam Alwin Ming Wai , Zhao Chenxiang , Chigrinov V. G , Kwok H. S.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we disclose a novel nano‐scale photoaligned liquid crystals polymer thin film polarizer that converts ordinary nonpolarized light to polarized light with efficiency close to 100%, which aims to double the polarization efficiency of conventional polarizers. Different from the mechanisms of conventional film polarizers, which lie in either absorption or reflection and the loss is normally more than 50%, the proposed thin film polarizer is a diffractive polarizer that makes use majority of the incident light and convert it into linear or circular polarized light with minimum loss.
Paper No S7.1: Two‐Layer Moiré Display
Authors: Saveljev V. , Kim S.‐K.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we present a moiré display based on the finite distance effect, which has two non‐coplanar layers installed at a non‐zero gap.
Paper No S7.2: Spatial Light Modulator on Glass for High Display Quality of Digital Holography
Authors: Byun Chun‐Won , Pi Jae‐Eun , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Kim Yong‐Hae , Kim GiHeon , Choi Ji‐Hun , Yang Jong‐Heon , Oh Himchan , Lee Myung‐Lae
Published: September 2015

We successfully demonstrate a 1.89‐inch SLMoG (spatial light modulator on glass) driven by oxide BCE (back channel etch) TFTs (thin‐film transistor). It is necessary for SLM to have very fine pixel pitch and large panel size for realizing high display quality of digital holography. To confirm such technical demands, we fabricate 1.89‐inch SLMoG with 20‐μm pixel pitch, and apply ECB (electrically controlled birefringence) LC (liquid crystal) mode for light phase modulation. In this article, we report the results of demonstration and discuss technical issues of SLMoG technology.
Paper No S7.4: Two Sides of the Moiré Effect in 3D Displays
Authors: Saveljev V.
Published: September 2015

We present the 3D moiré techniques. Practically most important of them are the minimization of the moiré effect in the autostereoscopic 3D displays and the 3D moiré displays. Other related issues are also discussed.
Paper No S8.3: Content Capture and View Interpolation Algorithm for Multiview Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Jovanov Ljubomir , Luong Hiep , Philips Wilfried
Published: September 2015

Highly realistic visualization becomes crucial in numerous applications such as: medical imaging, simulation and entertainment systems. In this article, we describe the image/video capture system aimed for autostereoscopic multiview displays, as well as view interpolation and image restoration algorithms used to enhance the image quality. We evaluate the proposed algorithms on a head tracking based stereoscopic multiview display.
Paper No S8.4: Viewpoint Image Generation for Head Tracking 3D Display Using Multicamera and Approximate Depth Information
Authors: Date Munekazu , Takada Hideaki , Kojima Akira
Published: September 2015

A simple and high image quality method for viewpoint image synthesis is proposed. Smooth motion parallax of wide depth range objects induced by viewpoint movement for left‐and‐right and front‐and‐back directions are achieved using multicamera images and approximate depth information. It is suitable for real‐time 3D display applications.
Paper No S9.2: Segmented Electrochromic Display Demonstrator Showing Long‐Term Switching Stability
Authors: Remmele Julian , Eric Shen D. , Mustonen Tero , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: September 2015

This work describes the manufacture and performance of an electrochromic display with solution‐based processing. The presented process yields devices with very high life times of more than 100,000 cycles even when switched asymmetrically (with respect to time).
Paper No S9.4: ESHFLCS High‐Resolution Display a Better Alternative for the IPS Displays Technology
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S.
Published: September 2015

In this article, we disclose an ESHFLC display that is characterized by the out‐standing optical quality with contrast 10k: 1, response time 10 μs, wide viewing angle, and low driving voltages. Thus, the proposed ESHFLC displays, with simpler fabrication procedure, have great potential and cloud offer better alternatives for the high‐resolution displays technology.
Thin Film Polarized Liquid Crystal Backlight
Authors: Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Beeckman Jeroen , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: September 2015

A thin polarized‐light emitting film is fabricated by aligning nanorods in an electric field and subsequent polymerization. A polarization ratio of 0.60 is obtained with this method. The thickness of the film is in the order of a few micrometer, and the method is compatible with large‐scale processing on cheap, flexible, and transparent substrates. The process can be realized in a roll‐to‐roll process as in a printing process, when one substrate is flexible and passes over a roll with electrodes.
Paper No P33: Absorption‐Scattering Based High Pitch Cholesteric Liquid Crystal (HP‐CLC): 3‐D Active Shutter and General Lighting Applications
Authors: Manna Suman K. , Sathaye Kedar , Abbas Samir , Le‐Gall Stephen , Dupont Laurent , De Bougrenet de la Tocnaye Jean‐Louis
Published: September 2015

In this article, we exploit an absorption‐scattering based high pitch length cholesteric liquid crystal active shutter. Using the two said fundamental optical properties, we have shown the resultant impact on optical transmission (ON & OFF state) is attracting the general lighting applications. Furthermore, the potential to be used as 3‐D active optical shutter has been endorsed.
Zeros and ones: a case for suppressing zeros in sensitive count data with an application to stroke mortality
Authors: Quick Harrison , Holan Scott H. , Wikle Christopher K.
Published: September 2015

In the current era of global internet connectivity, privacy concerns are of the utmost importance. When official statistical agencies collect spatially referenced, confidential data that they intend to release as public‐use files, the suppression of small counts is a common measure that agencies take to protect the confidentiality of the data‐subjects from ill‐intentioned users. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that an interval suppression criterion that does not suppress zeros can fail to protect regions with a single occurrence. We illustrate the difference in disclosure risk between an interval suppression criterion and a one‐sided suppression criterion by considering a US county‐level dataset composed of the number of deaths due to stroke in White men. Here, we illustrate that an interval suppression criterion leads to a twofold increase in the disclosure risk when compared with a one‐sided suppression criterion for regions with a single incidence among a population of less than 600. We conclude with an extension of these findings beyond stroke mortality and by offering general guidelines for data suppression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectories of BMI and internalizing symptoms: Associations across adolescence
Authors: Ames Megan E. , Wintre Maxine G. , Flora David B.
Published: September 2015

The present study examined the longitudinal relations between body mass index (BMI) and internalizing symptoms among youth ages 10–17. Adolescents were selected from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Latent growth curve modeling was used to investigate: 1) whether initial level (at age 10) or change in BMI were associated with changes in internalizing symptoms; and, 2) whether initial level or change in internalizing symptoms were associated with changes in BMI across adolescence. Associations between trajectories differed for boys and girls. Boys who started out with higher BMI experienced more internalizing symptoms across early‐ to mid‐adolescence, but not more depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 17. For girls, there was a bidirectional relation between BMI and internalizing symptoms which persisted into later adolescence. Results suggest the bidirectional relation between BMI and internalizing symptoms is more salient for girls than for boys.
Guidelines for reporting methodological challenges and evaluating potential bias in dementia research
Authors: Weuve Jennifer , Proust‐Lima Cécile , Power Melinda C. , Gross Alden L. , Hofer Scott M. , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Chêne Geneviève , Glymour M. Maria , Dufouil Carole ,   MELODEM Initiative
Published: September 2015

Clinical and population research on dementia and related neurologic conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, faces several unique methodological challenges. Progress to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies rests on valid and rigorous analytic approaches, but the research literature reflects little consensus on “best practices.” We present findings from a large scientific working group on research methods for clinical and population studies of dementia, which identified five categories of methodological challenges as follows: (1) attrition/sample selection, including selective survival; (2) measurement, including uncertainty in diagnostic criteria, measurement error in neuropsychological assessments, and practice or retest effects; (3) specification of longitudinal models when participants are followed for months, years, or even decades; (4) time‐varying measurements; and (5) high‐dimensional data. We explain why each challenge is important in dementia research and how it could compromise the translation of research findings into effective prevention or care strategies. We advance a checklist of potential sources of bias that should be routinely addressed when reporting dementia research.
Grounding is not a Strict Order
Authors: RODRIGUEZ-PEREYRA GONZALO
Published: September 2015

The paper argues that grounding is neither irreflexive nor asymmetric nor transitive. In arguing for that conclusion the paper also argues that truthmaking is neither irreflexive nor asymmetric nor transitive.
The Infinitely Iterated Labyrinth: Conceivability and Higher-Order Knowledge
Authors: WILKINS SHANE MAXWELL
Published: September 2015

Some time ago I wrote a paper about conceivability and knowledge. An anonymous referee rejected it on the grounds that the result had already been established in a short story by Jorge Luis Borges. Intrigued, I looked for the story but found no mention of it in Louis and Ziche's extensive bibliography. I spent months consulting archives and electronic records to no avail. I had begun to doubt whether the story even existed when I had the curious good luck to encounter Sir Thomas Browne of Pembroke College, Oxford, who assured me of the piece's authenticity and introduced me to Brother Christian Rosenkreuz of Invisible College who in turn generously put me into correspondence with Borges himself. The literary defects in what follows reflect not a diminution of Borges's undoubted power as a storyteller, but merely my limited ability as an amateur translator. Whatever the translation's literary faults may be, I hope the story's philosophical interest—i.e., an argument that ideal conceivers have higher-order knowledge of necessary truths—remains. [Trans.]
Persistence and Properties
Authors: SHOEMAKER SYDNEY
Published: September 2015

If for every portion of space-time there is an object composed of its contents, four-dimensionalism will be true of these objects. But ordinary objects—trees, stones, persons, etc.—are not among these objects (although the series of events that make up their careers will be). The properties of ordinary objects, including sortal properties, are temporally local and have causal profiles that incorporate transtemporal persistence conditions of the things that have them, and this supports a rejection of four-dimensionalism in favor of three-dimensionalism as an account of the nature of these ordinary objects. Also rejected is the stage theory that takes ordinary objects to be momentary stages (whose transtemporal sameness is not identity), and the argument (of Katherine Hawley) that holds that stage theory is supported by the fact that there can be cases in which it is indeterminate whether the same thing exists at different times.
Trust, Trustworthiness, and the Moral Consequence of Consistency
Authors: D'CRUZ JASON
Published: September 2015

Situationists such as John Doris, Gilbert Harman, and Maria Merritt suppose that appeal to reliable behavioral dispositions can be dispensed with without radical revision to morality as we know it. This paper challenges this supposition, arguing that abandoning hope in reliable dispositions rules out genuine trust and forces us to suspend core reactive attitudes of gratitude and resentment, esteem and indignation. By examining situationism through the lens of trust we learn something about situationism (in particular, the radically revisionary moral implications of its adoption) as well as something about trust (in particular, that the conditions necessary for genuine trust include a belief in a capacity for robust dispositions).
Short Operative Duration and Surgical Site Infection Risk in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Procedures
Authors: Dicks Kristen V. , Baker Arthur W. , Durkin Michael J. , Anderson Deverick J. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Chen Luke F. , Sexton Daniel J. , Weber David J. , Lewis Sarah S.
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE

To determine the association (1) between shorter operative duration and surgical site infection (SSI) and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI risk among first-time hip and knee arthroplasties.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study

SETTING

A total of 43 community hospitals located in the southeastern United States.

PATIENTS

Adults who developed SSIs according to National Healthcare Safety Network criteria within 365 days of first-time knee or hip arthroplasties performed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012.

METHODS

Log-binomial regression models estimated the association (1) between operative duration and SSI outcome and (2) between surgeon median operative duration and SSI outcome. Hip and knee arthroplasties were evaluated in separate models. Each model was adjusted for American Society of Anesthesiology score and patient age.

RESULTS

A total of 25,531 hip arthroplasties and 42,187 knee arthroplasties were included in the study. The risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration shorter than the 25th percentile was 0.40 times the risk of SSI in knee arthroplasties with an operative duration between the 25th and 75th percentile (risk ratio [RR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–0.56; P<.01). Short operative duration did not demonstrate significant association with SSI for hip arthroplasties (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79–1.37; P=.36). Knee arthroplasty surgeons with shorter median operative durations had a lower risk of SSI than surgeons with typical median operative durations (RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.64; P<.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Short operative durations were not associated with a higher SSI risk for knee or hip arthroplasty procedures in our analysis.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1431–1436
The beneficial effects of berries on cognition, motor behaviour and neuronal function in ageing
Authors: Shukitt-Hale Barbara , Bielinski Donna F. , Lau Francis C. , Willis Lauren M. , Carey Amanda N. , Joseph James A.
Published: September 2015

Previously, it has been shown that strawberry (SB) or blueberry (BB) supplementations, when fed to rats from 19 to 21 months of age, reverse age-related decrements in motor and cognitive performance. We have postulated that these effects may be the result of a number of positive benefits of the berry polyphenols, including decreased stress signalling, increased neurogenesis, and increased signals involved in learning and memory. Thus, the present study was carried out to examine these mechanisms in aged animals by administering a control, 2 % SB- or 2 % BB-supplemented diet to aged Fischer 344 rats for 8 weeks to ascertain their effectiveness in reversing age-related deficits in behavioural and neuronal function. The results showed that rats consuming the berry diets exhibited enhanced motor performance and improved cognition, specifically working memory. In addition, the rats supplemented with BB and SB diets showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1, although the improvements in working memory performance could not solely be explained by these increases. The diverse polyphenolics in these berry fruits may have additional mechanisms of action that could account for their relative differences in efficacy.
Pulling Together: Shared Intentions, Deliberative Democracy and Deeply Divided Societies
Authors: O’Flynn Ian
Published: September 2015

If deeply divided societies are to make the move from conflict to peace and democracy, their communities must pull together. While togetherness can be construed in different ways, its basic logic can be spelt out in terms of the notion of a ‘shared intention’. Accordingly, the burden of this article is to argue that developing shared intentions between conflicting communities is important for overcoming their conflict and to explain why deliberation is a better instrument than bargaining for developing them. Deliberation involves and promotes more extensive and robust shared intentions than bargaining and hence enables a stronger sense of togetherness between communities to emerge.
Nietzsche, Cosmodicy, and the Saintly Ideal
Authors: McPherson David
Published: September 2015

In this essay I examine Nietzsche's shifting understanding of the saintly ideal with an aim to bringing out its philosophical importance, particularly with respect to what I call the problem of ‘cosmodicy’, i.e., the problem of justifying life in the world as worthwhile in light of the prevalent reality of suffering. In his early account Nietzsche understood the saint as embodying the supreme achievement of a self-transcending ‘feeling of oneness and identity with all living things’, while in his later account he viewed the saint as a representative of an unhealthy, life-denying ‘ascetic ideal’. This shift, I contend, is due in large part to Nietzsche's development of an ‘ethic of power’ as part of his turn against Schopenhauer's ethic of compassion, which needs to be seen in light of his ongoing effort to articulate and defend an adequate cosmodicy. My ultimate aim in this essay is to read the earlier Nietzsche against the later Nietzsche – with the help of Dostoevsky's novelistic depiction of the saintly ideal – and to suggest that when properly articulated the saintly ideal is able to provide a more adequate cosmodicy than that which is offered in Nietzsche's ethic of power.