bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edible lies: How Nazi propaganda represented meat to demonise the Jews
Authors: Buscemi Francesco
Published: November 2015

This article analyses magazines and books of Nazi propaganda representing meat in order to demonise the Jews. Nazism adopted controversial policies on meat. On the one hand, it banned vegetarian associations; on the other hand, Hitler and many Nazi officials professed their vegetarianism. Moreover, Nazi Animal Protection Law protected animals from the same tortures that the Nazis inflicted in the concentration camps. The article draws on Bauman’s theory that Nazism may be understood through the opposition purity/impurity, and on Gambrill‘s propaganda studies. Moreover, it is based on Elias’s Civilising Process and on Fullbrook’s ‘uncivilising process’. Finally, it focuses on other studies on Nazism and on ancient myths on animals revived by the Nazis. Qualitative propaganda and semiotic analysis focuses on Jews dealing with producing, selling and eating meat. Magazines and books have been sampled according to maximum variation strategy, and therefore this study focuses on a great variety of propagandistic images and texts. Results show that propaganda targeted the Jewish slaughterers, dealers, butchers and eaters in order to represent them as involved in the uncivilising process. In the end, meat contributed to the representation of the Jew as ‘impure’. Related to this, blood is overrepresented and is often part of a code of violence that depicts the Jew as separate from the rest of the world, as threatening the German civilising process and, again, as impure. Moreover, the symbolic meat eating contributed to the fabrication of the legend of the Jews as human flesh eaters. Finally, propaganda for children conveyed the Nazi criminal message more directly than any other form.
Collective future thought: Concept, function, and implications for collective memory studies
Authors: Szpunar Piotr M , Szpunar Karl K
Published: November 2015

This article introduces and develops the concept of “collective future thought” and its implications for the interdisciplinary field of (collective) memory studies. The study of collective memory has much to gain from the complexity that interjecting future thought introduces into the various processes that are the foci of the field. This article defines the concept: the act of imagining an event that has yet to transpire on behalf of, or by, a group. Second, it proposes a more complex relation between the past, present, and future than is regularly invoked in the study of collective memory. Namely, we posit that collective future thought is simultaneously dependent on the past and itself acts as a catalyst for the (re)construction of the past. Finally, we consider the implications of the function of collective future thought for the study of collective memory and identify avenues for future interdisciplinary research.
On agonistic memory
Authors: Bull Anna Cento , Hansen Hans Lauge
Published: November 2015

Building on Mouffe’s critique of cosmopolitanism, this article argues that a cosmopolitan mode of remembering, far from having superseded the antagonistic mode associated with ‘first modernity’ in the European context, has proved unable to prevent the rise of, and is being increasingly challenged by, new antagonistic collective memories constructed by populist neo-nationalist movements. This article outlines the main defining characteristics of a third ‘agonistic’ mode of remembering, which is both reflexive and dialogic, yet also relies upon politicized representations of past conflicts, acknowledging civic and political passions as well as individual and collective agency.
Awareness in the emergency department: A patient’s story
Authors: Finlay Theresa , Parke Tim
Published: November 2015

Theresa is a lady with brittle asthma. She presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with an asthma attack and was rapidly intubated and ventilated. From subsequent blood gas results, ventilator pressures and a chest X-ray it soon became clear that she did require ventilation to be continued. The ICU consultant requested she be ventilated until the relaxant wore off and she was subsequently extubated in the ED. Unfortunately she was fully aware for the time she was ventilated. This is her story.
‘Mini, ultra, micro’ – nomenclature and cost of these new minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques
Authors: Wright Anna , Rukin Nick , Smith Daron , De la Rosette Jean , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: November 2015

New minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques have changed the management of renal stones. We discuss the technological advances in PCNL and explain the meaning, requirements and set up costs for each of these ‘newer’ techniques.
Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a young male patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and uncommon cerebellar involvement: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Splendiani Alessandra , Felli Valentina , Di Sibio Alessandra , Gennarelli Antonio , Patriarca Lucia , Stratta Paolo , Di Cesare Ernesto , Rossi Alessandro , Massimo Gallucci
Published: November 2015

We report a case of a 17-year-old man presenting with new onset psychiatric symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy revealed some lesions in the right cerebellar hemisphere and ipsilateral cerebellar tonsil suggestive of encephalitis. An extensive workup was negative for both infectious and neoplastic diseases and he was afterward diagnosed with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. This disorder is an autoimmune encephalitis, highly lethal but curable, predominantly found in young female with ovarian teratoma. He received methylprednisolone. His clinical findings gradually improve and he made a complete recovery. Accordingly, repeated brain MRI and proton MR spectroscopy showed a gradual reduction of the lesions; MRI taken six months after starting therapy showed complete resolution of the lesions. Our case shows that, although rare, anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered also in young men for whom a rapid onset of psychiatric neurological disorders cannot be explained by more frequent causes. Our report underlines also the usefulness of MRI and proton MR spectroscopic findings in the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.
A qualitative study exploring first time mothers’ experiences of breastfeeding in Singapore
Authors: Jia Choo Pey , Ryan Kath
Published: November 2015

Background:

The exclusive breastfeeding rate (for the first 6 months of a baby’s life) remained low in Singapore despite active promotion of breastfeeding by government bodies and hospitals. The aim of this study was to explore the breastfeeding experiences of first time mothers and the difficulties they faced during their breastfeeding period.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive study design was adopted. Participants were chosen from a purposive sampling technique and data were collected from 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews conducted were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Interview transcriptions were analysed using the qualitative content analysis approach.

Results:

The breastfeeding period of the 10 first time mothers in this study ranged from 3 days to 10 months, and four participants were still breastfeeding at the time of interview (4–12 months after delivery). The interview transcriptions generated 54 nodes, 12 sub-themes and four key themes. The four key themes identified were: (a) challenges and support for breastfeeding in the initial period after birth; (b) low degree of support for breastfeeding in the workplace; (c) unease at breastfeeding in front of others; and (d) emotional and psychological aspects of breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

This study provided a better understanding of the breastfeeding experiences of first time mothers in Singapore. Initiating and sustaining breastfeeding is still challenging for first time mothers. Greater public awareness, laws that support breastfeeding in public and the workplace, as well as support of family members could be fundamental to successful breastfeeding.
Delayed Effects of Transcutaneous Organophosphate Poisoning in Four Children
Authors: Pavlovic Milen , Neubauer David , Al-Tawari Asma A.
Published: November 2015

Contamination or transcutaneous absorption of organophosphates (OP) is rare and there exist only few reports of such manner of poisoning. We report four children from the same family in whom temporal proximity of the disease onset, a detailed interrogation of parents and exclusion of other clinical differentials, led to the diagnosis of transcutaneous intoxication with organophosphates (diazinon). The contamination occurred during the game with a freshly used poison can. Uncommon clinical picture was marked by delayed signs predominantly reflecting certain nicotinic effects (muscle weakness, cramps) along with subtle neuropathic features occurring throughout a few weeks after initial event. Our illustrative cases can further contribute to the better awareness and understanding of variable spectrum of transcutaneous route of OP poisoning.
“A Smile I Could Not Explain”
Authors: Evans Shari D. , Yi Charlie , Baker Blossom B. , Crowley Eugene , King Debbie S. , Korinek Adam W. , Reinsch N. Lamar
Published: November 2015

This article reports a discourse analysis of journals from adult learners during a 1-week residency in Cape Town, South Africa. The theoretical posture is a critical dialogic perspective, making use of a postcolonial understanding of intercultural interactions. The purpose of the study was exploratory. The analysis suggests that demographic variables (e.g., race), prior international travel, and experiences during the residency influence the amount and pace of cognitive change. Results include both questions for future research and suggestions for educators.
Intergenerational Financial Transfers and Young Adults’ Transitions In and Out of the Parental Home
Authors: Manzoni Anna
Published: November 2015

Over the last few decades, youth have been delaying leaving the parental home and increasingly returning to it, often making these transitions for reasons other than marrying, such as to pursue education or employment. Concurrently, parental financial support to their young adult children has risen, partly redefining the meaning of residential independence, a major marker of the transition to adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and Markov models, I examine transitions into and out of the parental home and their association with intergenerational financial transfers. Results show high prevalence of partial independence—that is, not living with parents but receiving financial assistance from them—with significant differences depending on college attendance and socioeconomic status (SES). Attending a four-year college increases the likelihood that youth subsequently live independently without parental financial support, although monetary transfers throughout college weaken the effect. Youth from high SES are more likely to leave the parental home, but typically with financial assistance from their parents; their higher likelihood of continued financial dependence raises concerns of prolonged dependence. Results also suggest that full or partial independence may lead youth from lower socioeconomic backgrounds into renewed dependence on their parents, later.
Two Approaches to Counterfactual Decomposition
Authors: Hu Anning
Published: November 2015

There are generally two fundamental approaches to conducting counterfactual decomposition in social scientific research, but their distinction is still elusive. This study makes contributions to the literature by (1) clarifying the rationale for the two counterfactual decomposition approaches within Rubin’s counterfactual causal inference framework; (2) reviewing prior sociological and econometric literature that underscores the distinction between these two approaches; (3) distinguishing between them in terms of the equivalence of empirical results, the property of additive decomposability, and the strategies for constructing treatment and control conditions; (4) illustrating these methodological differences with an empirical case; and (5) addressing the different types of substantive questions these two approaches are, respectively, able to answer. This article concludes with a discussion about some common limitations of these two counterfactual decomposition approaches.
Vitamin C content in yogurt with the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice (Citrus nobilis var. Tawangmangu)
Authors: KHASANAH RIA NUR , PURWOKO TJAHJADI , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Khasanah RN, Purwoko Tj, Susilowati A. 2015. Vitamin C content in yogurt with the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice (Citrus nobilis var. Tawangmangu). Nusantara Bioscience 7:  149-152. Yogurt is fermented milk that has an acid taste and known as probiotic food product that gives extra nutritional value. Most consumers like yogurt with fruit flavor added, one of them is orange. Tawangmangu tangerine (Citrus nobilis Lour. var Tawangmangu) is one of local high-quality oranges come from Tawangmangu area, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. By adding orange juice powder in the process of making yogurt, it is expected to add flavor and increase the vitamin C content of yogurt, as well as increase the selling value of Tawangmangu tangerine. Inoculums used in this research were Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results showed that the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder could increase the vitamin C content in yogurt. Highest vitamin C content was found on Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder 8% with a value of 6.23 mg/100g. Organoleptic test indicated that the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder increased panelists likeness for Tawangmangu tangerine yogurt, lowered level of fat and also increased the protein content in yogurt.
Behind her eyelids she sees something. […]
Authors: Donachie Kaye
Published: November 2015

Kaye Donachie’s paintings pay tribute to a cast of historical female figures. Modernist performers, futurist actresses and non-conformist poets become protagonists connected by their unconventional beliefs and preferences. The paintings recognize the allure of these individuals and the extent to which they have stimulated Donachie to illuminate their specific histories, posing questions such as what it is to be present, to be active, to have a voice, and to assume ultimately, some measure of control over creative and emotional labour. The narratives within the paintings are given structure by the visceral sensation of light, outline and intensity of surfaces that evoke images surrounding the various subjects of her investigation. In this visual essay Donachie shares recent pictorial research that focuses on the writings of Marguerite Duras. The images do not dwell on Duras narrative but attempt to capture the writer’s strange ability to show how one space and time can dissolve into another through the form of an elliptical poem. Using painted cyanotypes Donachie draws directly on an illuminated source, with Duras novella providing a painterly alchemy for overlaying figural images and condensing time.
Reviews
Authors: Green Dr Alison , Richard Kirwan , Rhodes David , Gilbert Oliver Peterson , Kassianidou Dr Marina , Hazan Elizabeth
Published: November 2015

‘Dexter Dalwood, London Paintings’, Simon Lee Gallery, London, 18 November 2014–24 January 2015

‘Jasper Johns: Regrets’, The Courtauld Gallery, London, 12 September–14 December 2014

‘The Forever Now: Painting in an Atemporal World’, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 14 December 2014–5 April 2015

Aura on the cutting room floor: Matisse Live From Tate Modern

Studio Talks: Thinking Through Painting 2009–2014, Kristina Bength, Jonatan Habib Engqvist, Jan Rydén and Sigrid Sandström (eds) (2014) Stockholm, Sweden: Arvinius + Orfeus Publishing, 418 pp., ISBN: 9789187543548, h/bk, 32 Euros

‘Albert York’, Matthew Marks Gallery, New York, 8 November–20 December 2014
Doorknob in the desert: Agnes Martin’s queer becoming
Authors: Cook Roger
Published: November 2015

Alongside recent knowledge of her schizophrenia, Agnes Martin’s lesbianism and its relation to her extraordinary achievement as an artist needs to be better understood. Anterior to activist Monique Wittig’s infamous 1978 public statement that ‘lesbians are not women’ (Wittig 1993: 32), in 1973 Martin (refusing compulsory heterosexuality’s sex and gender dimorphism) humorously protested that she ‘was not a woman but a doorknob’ (Johnston 1998: 300). Ultimately, Martin’s liberation was a liberation through identification with non-human being: a painterly practice of queer becoming that can be thought of as the Foucauldian creation of life as a ‘work of art’ – a desubjectivization of the self or ‘death of the subject’ enacting a Barthesian ‘desire for the neutral’ (Barthes 2005) to become one with the vitality and vibrancy of matter itself.
Thematizing failure: The morbid fascination of Luc Tuymans
Authors: Moonie Stephen
Published: November 2015

Luc Tuymans’ paintings are often heralded as exemplary of contemporary painting’s historical dilemma. This article argues that a discourse of failure has been formative in shaping Tuymans’ critical reception: a discourse that has drawn heavily on the postmodern critique of painting in the 1980s. Further, this discourse has been formative of Tuymans’ own practice. However, this article argues that despite the productiveness of the discourse of failure – especially with regard to the relationship between Tuymans’ painting and the technologically mediated image – such an approach runs up against certain limits. This is especially apparent in Tuymans’ recent work, which exemplifies a more pronounced ambivalence towards modernism and its legacy.
Painterly explorations: Notes from India’s Kochi-Muziris Biennale
Authors: Manghani Sunil
Published: November 2015

This article offers a critical account of ‘painterly explorations’ at the second Kochi-Muziris Biennale (which under the curatorship of Jitish Kallat took the title of ‘Whorled Explorations’). Painting at the Biennale in 2014 was surprisingly conspicuous, particularly when understood in its expanded sense. Following an account of some of the different painting practices on display, the article draws upon the term ‘social gestus’ (the critical demonstration of gestures) to suggest a reading of global, contemporary art that is concerned with the coordinates and situating of gestures as an entire form, and which is critically revealing of itself. The productionist site of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale provides a fitting example of what social, critical meanings painting can reveal.
Poetry, politics, the past and the present: Interweaving Maori postcolonial theatre with Bertolt Brecht in Kilimogo’s production of Apirana Taylor’s Whaea Kairau: Mother Hundred-Eater
Authors: Halba Hilary
Published: November 2015

This article examines ways in which the concept of resistance – in a postcolonial sense – has been articulated in Maori theatre, and in particular by Maori playwright, actor and poet Apirana Taylor during a period that might be loosely termed the ‘Maori renaissance’. Specifically, the article focuses upon how resistance plays out theatrically in Kilimogo Productions’ presentation of Taylor’s play Whaea Kairau: Mother Hundred-Eater, performed in Otepoti/Dunedin in 1999. Taylor’s and Kilimogo’s contributions to Maori theatre’s function as a theatre of resistance are duly examined. Alongside a postcolonial critical stance, the article evaluates how the Brechtian elements of Verfremdungseffekt, Gestus and historicization can be applied to Maori theatre in a way that complements rather than colonizes. Theatrical strategies found in Taylor’s play and Kilimogo’s production provide the spectator with the Brechtian experience of Verfremdungseffekt, but simultaneously accommodate the undergirding principles of Kaupapa Maori and Maori tikanga (Maori topics, policies, agendas or initiatives, and customary cultural practices). These theatrical strategies allow for a dialectical engagement between cultural signifiers and texts, and for the possibility of contradiction in the theatrical image. A sense of complex undecidability is consequently evident in Kilimogo’s production of Whaea Kairau. Whilst acknowledging Bertolt Brecht’s legacy and influence, the article also recognizes his complex status as a canonized theatre-maker in this particular postcolonial context, and therefore looks at ways in which Kilimogo’s production both utilizes and interrogates Brecht’s tenets.
A ‘Pacific renaissance’?: Exploring the Pacific diaspora in Aotearoa New Zealand through the evolution of festivals and popular music
Authors: Mackley-Crump Jared
Published: November 2015

The post World War II large-scale migration of Pacific peoples to Aotearoa New Zealand represents one of the country’s most significant demographic changes of the late twentieth century. Communities were first established in the main centres before gradually expanding and becoming entrenched across the country. With the passing of new generations, these communities became primarily locally born and/or raised. This article addresses the growth of Pacific festivals over four decades and argues that this development demonstrates cultural and diasporic evolution. It also posits that, by focusing on the changing nature of music within the festival space, these processes are further illuminated. From their beginnings in the 1970s as spaces of purely traditional musics, Pacific festivals experienced significant growth from the 1990s as part of a ‘Pacific renaissance’. This period saw a coming-of-age of the first New Zealand-born generations and fused with a reaction against the preceding marginalization of Pacific communities. As part of this renaissance, popular music increasingly became an important medium through which notions of diasporic identity and culture were negotiated, and the role of popular music within festival spaces likewise evolved. Popular music is now central in a sonic landscape that incorporates both traditional and popular musics as representative of the Pacific diaspora and its cultural evolution and continued negotiation in twenty-first century New Zealand.
‘Our kids don’t want to eat taro anymore’: Unravelling the challenges of contemporary sociocultural change in Niue
Authors: Mcnamara Karen E. , Lisimoni-Togahai Birtha , Smith Roy
Published: November 2015

Niue, an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, is commonly referred to as the ‘rock of Polynesia’. The oval-shaped island is one of the world’s largest coral islands and supports a population of 1,460 residents. During focus group discussions with community members from three coastal villages in October 2012, it was evident that the country faces significant contemporary sociocultural changes that present numerous challenges for Niue’s long-term future. The core challenges and concerns expressed by participants revolved around outmigration trends, a shift away from traditional subsistence living and increasing dependency on imported food, a decline in traditional practices, and the potential negative effects of a growing tourism industry. While these trends are largely well-known and well-documented for Niue, less attention has been given to how best to reconcile these concerns and the subsequent disjuncture between the ‘problem’ and ‘solution’. This article therefore seeks to document these concerns, and importantly present a way forward for managing them in a way that will see a reversal or slowing of these currently perceived negative trends to ensure the long-term sustainability of Niue and its people.
The importance of geostatistics in pyschical geography
Fiziki coğrafyada jeoistatistiğin önemi
Authors: Aydın Olgu , Türkoğlu Necla , Çiçek İhsan
Published: November 2015

Geostatistic in geographical science is an important method used to consistently determine the spatial variation of an event. Geostatistics look at where the geographical variables take place, i.e. the location, the spatial interaction and the effects of geographical variables affecting the distribution of variables at the location. In short, geostatistics are interested in the spatial organization of the related research subject. Therefore, it has an important place in the geographical study of events that occured in geographical space with the aid of geostatistical techniques. The aim of this study is to provide a general look at the basic concepts and techniques of geostatistics as a part of applications to physical geography studies using a case study.

 

Özet

Coğrafya biliminde jeoistatistik, bir olayın mekânsal değişkenliğini tutarlı bir şekilde ortaya koyabilmek için kullanılan önemli bir yöntemdir. Jeoistatistik, coğrafi değişkenlerin nerede yer aldığı, yani lokasyonu, değişkenlerin mekânsal etkileşimi ve değişkenlerin bulunduğu alanda dağılımlarını belirleyen diğer coğrafi değişkenlerin etkilerini inceler. Kısaca jeoistatistik, ilgili olduğu konuya ait sistemin mekânsal organizasyonu ile ilgilenmektedir. Bu nedenle coğrafi mekânda meydana gelen olayların jeoistatistik teknikleri yardımıyla araştırılması coğrafya çalışmalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı jeoistatistik tekniklerini fiziki coğrafya uygulamaları açısından kısa bir literatür dâhilinde gözden geçirerek, temel kavram ve teknikler açısından genel bir bakış açısı sağlamaktır.
Wnt Signaling in Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Deshpande Girish , Nouri Ali , Schedl Paul
Published: November 2015

The embryonic gonad of Drosophila melanogaster begins to display sexually dimorphic traits soon after its formation. Here we demonstrate the involvement of a wnt family ligand, wnt-2, in the induction of these sex-specific differences. We show that wnt-2 contributes to the survival of a male-specific population of somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs), the male-specific SGPs that are located at the posterior of the male gonad. We also show that the Wnt-2 ligand synergizes with the JAK-STAT ligand Upd, which is produced by SGPs at the anterior of the gonad to activate the STAT pathway in male germ cells. We suggest that the use of two spatially separated signaling systems to initiate the JAK-STAT stem cell maintenance pathway in germ cells provides a mechanism for increasing the pool of potential progenitors of the germline stem cells in the adult testes. Finally, we present evidence indicating that, like the JAK-STAT pathway, wnt-2 stimulates germ cells in male embryos to re-enter the cell cycle.
Genetic Architectures of Quantitative Variation in RNA Editing Pathways
Authors: Gu Tongjun , Gatti Daniel M , Srivastava Anuj , Snyder Elizabeth M , Raghupathy Narayanan , Simecek Petr , Svenson Karen L , Dotu Ivan , Chuang Jeffrey H , Keller Mark P , Attie Alan D , Braun Robert E , Churchill Gary A
Published: November 2015

RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the base sequence of RNA. Recently, hundreds of new RNA editing targets have been reported. However, the mechanisms that determine the specificity and degree of editing are not well understood. We examined quantitative variation of site-specific editing in a genetically diverse multiparent population, Diversity Outbred mice, and mapped polymorphic loci that alter editing ratios globally for C-to-U editing and at specific sites for A-to-I editing. An allelic series in the C-to-U editing enzyme Apobec1 influences the editing efficiency of Apob and 58 additional C-to-U editing targets. We identified 49 A-to-I editing sites with polymorphisms in the edited transcript that alter editing efficiency. In contrast to the shared genetic control of C-to-U editing, most of the variable A-to-I editing sites were determined by local nucleotide polymorphisms in proximity to the editing site in the RNA secondary structure. Our results indicate that RNA editing is a quantitative trait subject to genetic variation and that evolutionary constraints have given rise to distinct genetic architectures in the two canonical types of RNA editing.
Primary Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster Does Not Rely on the Male-Specific Lethal Complex
Authors: Erickson James W
Published: November 2015

It has been proposed that the Male Specific Lethal (MSL) complex is active in Drosophila melanogaster embryos of both sexes prior to the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Elevated gene expression from the two X chromosomes of female embryos is proposed to facilitate the stable establishment of Sex-lethal (Sxl) expression, which determines sex and represses further activity of the MSL complex, leaving it active only in males. Important supporting data included female-lethal genetic interactions between the seven msl genes and either Sxl or scute and sisterlessA, two of the X-signal elements (XSE) that regulate early Sxl expression. Here I report contrary findings that there are no female-lethal genetic interactions between the msl genes and Sxl or its XSE regulators. Fly stocks containing the msl31 allele were found to exhibit a maternal-effect interaction with Sxl, scute, and sisterlessA mutations, but genetic complementation experiments showed that msl3 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the female-lethal interactions, which appear to be due to an unidentified maternal regulator of Sxl. Published data cited as evidence for an early function of the MSL complex in females, including a maternal effect of msl2, have been reevaluated and found not to support a maternal, or other effect, of the MSL complex in sex determination. These findings suggest that the MSL complex is not involved in primary sex determination or in X chromosome dosage compensation prior to the maternal-to-zygotic transition.
Centromere Locations inBrassicaA and C Genomes Revealed Through Half-Tetrad Analysis
Authors: Mason Annaliese S , Rousseau-Gueutin Mathieu , Morice Jérôme , Bayer Philipp E , Besharat Naghmeh , Cousin Anouska , Pradhan Aneeta , Parkin Isobel A P , Chèvre Anne-Marie , Batley Jacqueline , Nelson Matthew N
Published: November 2015

Locating centromeres on genome sequences can be challenging. The high density of repetitive elements in these regions makes sequence assembly problematic, especially when using short-read sequencing technologies. It can also be difficult to distinguish between active and recently extinct centromeres through sequence analysis. An effective solution is to identify genetically active centromeres (functional in meiosis) by half-tetrad analysis. This genetic approach involves detecting heterozygosity along chromosomes in segregating populations derived from gametes (half-tetrads). Unreduced gametes produced by first division restitution mechanisms comprise complete sets of nonsister chromatids. Along these chromatids, heterozygosity is maximal at the centromeres, and homologous recombination events result in homozygosity toward the telomeres. We genotyped populations of half-tetrad-derived individuals (from Brassica interspecific hybrids) using a high-density array of physically anchored SNP markers (Illumina Brassica 60K Infinium array). Mapping the distribution of heterozygosity in these half-tetrad individuals allowed the genetic mapping of all 19 centromeres of the Brassica A and C genomes to the reference Brassica napus genome. Gene and transposable element density across the B. napus genome were also assessed and corresponded well to previously reported genetic map positions. Known centromere-specific sequences were located in the reference genome, but mostly matched unanchored sequences, suggesting that the core centromeric regions may not yet be assembled into the pseudochromosomes of the reference genome. The increasing availability of genetic markers physically anchored to reference genomes greatly simplifies the genetic and physical mapping of centromeres using half-tetrad analysis. We discuss possible applications of this approach, including in species where half-tetrads are currently difficult to isolate.
Differential Masking of Natural Genetic Variation by miR-9a inDrosophila
Authors: Cassidy Justin J , Straughan Alexander J , Carthew Richard W
Published: November 2015

Genetic variation is prevalent among individuals of the same species and yet the potential effects of genetic variation on developmental outcomes are frequently suppressed. Understanding the mechanisms that are responsible for this suppression is an important goal. Previously, we found that the microRNA miR-9a mitigates the impact of natural genetic variants that promote the development of scutellar bristles in adult Drosophila. Here we find that miR-9a does not affect the impact of genetic variants that inhibit the development of scutellar bristles. We show this using both directional and stabilizing selection in the laboratory. This specificity of action suggests that miR-9a does not interact with all functional classes of developmental genetic variants affecting sensory organ development. We also investigate the impact of miR-9a on a fitness trait, which is adult viability. At elevated physiological temperatures, miR-9a contributes to viability through masking genetic variants that hinder adult viability. We conclude that miR-9a activity in different developmental networks contributes to suppression of natural variants from perturbing development.
Big Data – kihívások és kockázatok
Authors: Krauß Manuela , Tóth Tamás , Hanika Heinrich , Kozlovszky Miklós , Dinya Elek
Published: November 2015

The term “Big Data” is commonly used to describe the growing mass of information being created recently. New conclusions can be drawn and new services can be developed by the connection, processing and analysis of these information. This affects all aspects of life, including health and medicine. The authors review the application areas of Big Data, and present examples from health and other areas. However, there are several preconditions of the effective use of the opportunities: proper infrastructure, well defined regulatory environment with particular emphasis on data protection and privacy. These issues and the current actions for solution are also presented. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 1979–1986.
Magzati és anyai betegségek kockázata 40 évesnél idősebb édesanyák esetén
Authors: Vanya Melinda , Szili Károly , Devosa Iván , Bártfai György
Published: November 2015

A rising trend in advanced maternal age has been observed over the last few decades. Several studies have assessed the association between advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome, including miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, delivery of a small- or large-for-gestational-age neonates and elective or emergency Cesarean section. These studies reported contradictory findings. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence-based information regarding advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcomes. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 1987–1990.
De novo SCN1A géndeletio terápiarezisztens Dravet-szindrómában
Authors: Bene Judit , Hadzsiev Kinga , Komlósi Katalin , Kövesdi Erzsébet , Mátyás Petra , Melegh Béla
Published: November 2015

Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (Dravet’s syndrome) is a very rare form of epilepsy. Mutations of SCN1A gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-1 subunit are major causes of the autosomal dominant disorder. Most cases are associated with a de novo point mutation, but some patients have copy number variations. The protein encoded by the SCN1A gene plays a role in the generation and propagation of action potentials. Loss of function caused by the majority of gene mutations leads to hyperexcitability of the neuronal network that finally results in the formation of the epileptic seizures. Molecular genetic test for copy number variations of SCN1A gene is available in the department of the authors since 2013 besides sequencing analysis of the whole gene. This article presents the case of a 7-year-old patient with two years of recorded patient history outside of the author’s department. Molecular genetic test, which detected a de novo SCN1A gene deletion in heterozygous form, revealed SCN1A gene associated monogenic epileptic syndrome being in the genetic background of therapy-resistant seizures. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 2009–2012.
Magyarországon végzett infrarenalis aortaaneurysma-műtétek eredményei az Érsebészeti Regiszter adatai alapján (2010–2014)
Authors: Hidi László , Menyhei Gábor , Kováts Tamás , Dobai Adrienn , Szeberin Zoltán
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The Hungarian Society for Vascular Surgery decided to analyse and publish regularly the data of the Hungarian Vascular Registry. Aim: The aim of the authors was to present the outcome of infrarenal aortic aneurysm surgeries performed during the past five years. Method: Prospectively collected multicentric data obtained from the Hungarian Vascular Registry between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 were analysed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and odds ratio calculation. Results: It was found that 16.72% of the 1435 operations were performed for ruptured aneurysms. Five institutes having the highest capacity performed 78.4% of the operations. In the ruptured aortic aneurysm group the age of patients was 71.77±9.82 years (mean±SD), and perioperative mortality was 33.75%. In the intact aortic aneurysm group the age of patients was 69.50±8.46 years and the perioperative mortality was 3.51%. In both groups perioperative mortality (ruptured: p<0,05, OR = 0.11; intact: p<0.05, OR = 0.26) and the length of hospital stay (ruptured: p<0.05, OR = 4.55; intact: p<0.001, OR = 4.27) were significantly lower in patients who had endovascular repair compared to those with open repair. In both groups perioperative mortality (ruptured: p<0.0001, OR = 0.32; intact: p<0.0001, OR = 0.23) and length of hospital stay (ruptured: p<0.05, OR = 3.16; intact: p<0.001, OR = 3.84) were significantly lower in the five institutes having the highest capacity than in the remaining institutes. Conclusions: In patients having endovascular repair and in institutes with high capacity the perioperative mortality and length of hospital stay were significantly lower. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(49), 1991–2002.
Sobre la crítica de Mumford al realismo nomológico
Authors: Borge Bruno
Published: November 2015

Resumen Stephen Mumford (2004) propone una alternativa al Realismo Nomológico que no requiere resignar los compromisos modales comúnmente asociados a posiciones realistas, un Realismo Sin Leyes (RSL) donde el peso de la modalidad no está puesto sobre las leyes sino sobre propiedades entendidas en términos de poderes y disposiciones. Las ventajas relativas del RSL dependen, sin embargo, de una serie de objeciones que presenta al RN. La principal de ellas es la que Mumford denomina el Dilema Central, según el cual el RN no es capaz de dar cuenta de cómo las leyes gobiernas sus instancias. En el presente trabajo me propongo mostrar que ni el Dilema Central ni el resto de los argumentos de Mumford contra el RN justifican su rechazo.
Las revoluciones de Thomas Kuhn, una mirada discontinuista
Authors: Melogno Pablo
Published: November 2015

Resumen Se discuten algunas divergencias entre La revolución copernicana (1957) y La estructura de las revoluciones científicas (1962), de Thomas Kuhn. Se muestra que presentan una consideración diferente de los factores extracientíficos, que tienen en la primera un peso explicativo mayor. Se propone que en 1957 Kuhn maneja una historiografía casuística, centrada en la revolución copernicana, y en 1962 una historiografía estructural, centrada en los rasgos invariantes de las revoluciones científicas. Se concluye que las diferencias entre las dos obras son lo suficientemente profundas como para no considerarlas expresión de una misma visión de la ciencia.
FLOWERING AND POLLINATORS OF THREE DISTYLOUS SPECIES OF Psychotria (Rubiaceae) CO-OCCURRING IN THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST1
Authors: Silva Celice Alexandre , Vieira Milene Faria
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT This study investigates the flowering and pollinators of the floral morphs of three co-occurring distylous species, Psychotria conjugens Müll, P. hastisepala Müll. Arg. and P. sessilis Vell., in two consecutive flowering seasons in an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. The species have diurnal, cream-colored, tubular, nectariferous flowers and their flowering occurs in the rainy season, from September to April, with little or no overlapping between species, characterizing a staggered flowering. The flowering of the long-and short-styled floral morphs of each species was synchronous, but the number of open flowers per day per morph tended to vary in each flowering season. These numbers were higher in P. sessilis and P. conjugens and, probably, resulted in higher total numbers of visits on its flowers (up to 1084 visits in P. sessilis and 756 in P. conjugens), compared to that observed in P. hastisepala (up to 71). There was a higher frequency of visits to long-styled flowers of all species. The bee Ariphanarthra palpalis was a common pollinator to all species. This bee is native to Brazil, solitary, considered relatively rare and its host plants were unknown. Other native bees (Melipona spp.) also visited the flowers of the Psychotria species. The availability of flowers with similar floral features over eight months, the staggered flowering and common pollinators appear to be part of a strategy to attract floral visitors, minimizing the competition for pollinators and then favoring the legitimate pollination of these plants.
LITTERFALL ASSESSEMENT IN A FRAGMENT OF SECONDARY TROPICAL FOREST, IBIÚNA, SP, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL1
Authors: Ferreira Maurício Lamano , Uchiyama Elizabete Akemi
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the production and decomposition of litterfall in a fragment of secondary Atlantic forest in the region of Ibiúna, SP, from April 2012 to March 2013. The litterfall production was estimated by 30 collectors distributed randomly in an area of 1000 m2, where the deposited material was collected every 15 days. The decomposition of litterfall was estimated through the mass loss in the period of study. After collecting, the material was dried in an oven at 65 °C for seven days to achieve a constant weight. The decomposition constant k was obteined according to Shanks and Oslon (1961) and the time for 50% and 95% of decomposition was estimated. It was found a higher litterfall production in October (454.3 kg ha-1) and lower production in July (164.9 kg ha-1), with a total amount produced of 3.5 Mg ha-1 year-1. A delay of one month in the precipitation and relative humidity showed great influence in the litter production during the study. The decomposition rate (k) was 3.1 and the time to decompose 50% of the material was estimated in 2 and ½ months and for 95% of the litterfall the time was estimated in 11 and ½ months. The production and decomposition values of this work are within the range found in other sites of secondary tropical forests.
SOBREVIVÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO DE SETE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NATIVAS EM UMA ÁREA DEGRADADA DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL, NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS1
Authors: Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira , Fagundes Nathalle Cristine Alencar , Veloso Maria das Dores Magalhães , Gonzaga Anne Priscila Dias , Domingues Ellen Bárbara Santos , Almeida Hisaías de Souza , Castro Gislene Carvalho de , Santos Rubens Manoel
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento e sobrevivência de sete espécies arbóreas nativas em diferentes tratamentos, em uma área degradada na Reserva da COPASA (Juramento, MG). Para tal, foram utilizados aproximadamente 1,2 ha da área, onde foram plantadas 899 mudas, de sete espécies nativas (Anadenanthera colubrina, Copaifera langsdorffii, Dilodendron bipinatum, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Pterogyne nitens, Schinopsis brasiliensis e Senegalia polyphylla), acompanhadas durante 24 meses. A área foi dividida em cinco parcelas de 0,24 ha, que representaram os seguintes tratamentos: (T1) parcela semeada com capim (Brachiaria sp.); (T2) parcela onde as covas foram tratadas com condicionador de solo; (T3) parcela semeada com capim consorciado com leguminosa (Cajanus cajan); (T4) parcela semeada com leguminosa; e (T5) controle. A porcentagem de mortalidade foi maior no T2 e menor no T3, sendo as espécies C. langsdorffii (43,66%) e S. brasiliensis (11,64%) aquelas com maior e menor porcentagem de mortalidade, respectivamente. O crescimento (altura e diâmetro) das mudas foi maior no T2 (24,32 ± 26,05 cm e 0,51 ± 0,37 mm, respectivamente) e menor no T1 (10,82 ± 22,57 cm e 0,26 ± 0,27 mm; respectivamente). As espécies com maior crescimento em altura foram A. colubrina e S. polyphylla, já D. bipinatum e S. brasiliensis apresentaram maior crescimento em diâmetro. Pterogyne nitens apresentou o menor crescimento, além de alta mortalidade, mostrando baixa capacidade de estabelecimento em ambientes degradados.
VALORES LIMÍTROFES PARA TRANSPIRAÇÃO, DESENVOLVIMENTO E CRESCIMENTO DE Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson EM RESPOSTA À DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA NO SOLO1
Authors: Abreu Marcel Carvalho , Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Freitas Cleverson Henrique de , Pereira Rodolfo Armando de Almeida , Melloni Eliane Guimarães Pereira
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Quando a disponibilidade de água no solo é reduzida, as plantas respondem diminuindo a taxa de transpiração, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento, na tentativa de aclimatação à deficiência hídrica. Com o objetivo de quantificar essas respostas em mudas de Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson, foi utilizada a metodologia da fração de água transpirável no solo (FATS), em um experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo dois níveis de suplementação hídrica, duas épocas de aplicação da deficiência hídrica e nove repetições. A FATS e os parâmetros de transpiração, crescimento e desenvolvimento foram medidos diariamente durante a aplicação da deficiência hídrica. A FATS crítica, em que a transpiração, o crescimento e desenvolvimento começam a ser reduzidos, foi distinta nas épocas de aplicação da deficiência hídrica devido à diferença das condições meteorológicas. Os valores elevados de FATS indicaram que a espécie possuiu boa aclimatação à deficiência hídrica no solo, quando comparada com as espécies anuais e outras perenes.
ESTIMATION OF CORK PRODUCTION USINGAERIAL IMAGERY1
Authors: Surovy Peter , Ribeiro Nuno de Almeida , Pereira João Santos , Yoshimoto Atsushi
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Inventory and prediction of cork harvest over time and space is important to forest managers who must plan and organize harvest logistics (transport, storage, etc.). Common field inventory methods including the stem density, diameter and height structure are costly and generally point (plot) based. Furthermore, the irregular horizontal structure of cork oak stands makes it difficult, if not impossible, to interpolate between points. We propose a new method to estimate cork production using digital multispectral aerial imagery. We study the spectral response of individual trees in visible and near infrared spectra and then correlate that response with cork production prior to harvest. We use ground measurements of individual trees production to evaluate the model’s predictive capacity. We propose 14 candidate variables to predict cork production based on crown size in combination with different NDVI index derivates. We use Akaike Information Criteria to choose the best among them. The best model is composed of combinations of different NDVI derivates that include red, green, and blue channels. The proposed model is 15% more accurate than a model that includes only a crown projection without any spectral information.