bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical approach to synthesizing realistic asteroid surfaces from morphological parameters
Authors: Li Xizhi , Vincent Jean-Baptiste , Weller René , Zachmann Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Context.The complex shape of asteroids and comets is a critical parameter in many scientific and operational studies. From the global irregular shape down to the local surface details, these topographies reflect the formation and evolutionary processes that remould the celestial body. Furthermore, these processes control how the surface will continue to evolve: from mass wasting on high slopes to spin-up due to anisotropic re-emission of thermal radiation. In addition, for space missions, the irregular coarse shape and complex landscape are a hazard to navigation, which must be accounted for in the planning phase.

Aims.In this paper, we propose a novel method to synthesize physically correct 3D shape models of small celestial bodies, such as asteroids, to support the testing of a wide range of parameters in scientific and operational studies.

Methods.We modeled virtual asteroid shapes using non-uniform sphere packings to represent the coarse shape, define an implicit surface, and then synthesize high-resolution topography with user-defined, locally controlled spot noise models. This effectively replaces the random noise model (e.g., Perlin noise) used in traditional approaches and allows us to construct a morphology based on actual physical shapes of the most common features observed on asteroids and comets. As an example of such a feature, we propose several kernel functions to add virtual craters to the coarse shape of the asteroid, of which the spatial distribution is controlled by typical crater production functions (e.g., a power law).

Results.We demonstrate how this technique can be used to generate a variety of asteroid shapes and topographies using different cratering parameters and distributions. We apply our technique to artificially increase the resolution of existing models of the Didymos-Dimorphos system, the target of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, and Hera missions. We show that our approach generates models that are suitable for typical analysis relying on detailed asteroid shapes, as well as operational scenarios for space missions. The meshes created with our algorithm can be directly used with existing visualization software and operations or science pipelines to generate data suitable for mission planning and to validate data analysis techniques.
Tracing the non-thermal pressure and hydrostatic bias in galaxy clusters
Authors: Ettori S. , Eckert D.
Published: December 2021

We present a modelization of the non-thermal pressure, PNT, and we apply it to the X-ray (and Sunayev-Zel’dovich) derived radial profiles of the X-COP galaxy clusters. We relate the amount of non-thermal pressure support to the hydrostatic bias, b, and speculate on how we can interpret this PNT in terms of the expected levels of turbulent velocity and magnetic fields. Current upper limits on the turbulent velocity in the intracluster plasma are used to build a distribution 𝒩(< b)−b, from which we infer that 50 per cent of local galaxy clusters should have b < 0.2 (b < 0.33 in 80 per cent of the population). The measured bias in the X-COP sample that includes relaxed massive nearby systems is 0.03 in 50% of the objects and 0.17 in 80% of them. All these values are below the amount of bias required to reconcile the observed cluster number count in the cosmological framework set from Planck.
Non-inverse kinematics of free-floating space robot based on motion planning of sampling
Authors: ZHANG Hongwen , ZHU Zhanxia , YUAN Jianping
Published: December 2021

Motion planning is one of the fundamental technologies for robots to achieve autonomy. Free-floating space robots composed manipulators and base satellite that do not actively control its position and attitude has nonholonomic characteristics, and there is a first-order differential relationship between its joint angle and the base attitude. In addition, the planning framework which first converts the goal end-effector pose to its corresponding target configuration, and then plan the trajectory from the initial configuration to the goal configuration still has the following problems: the goal configuration and the initial configuration may not be in the same connected domain. Based on the RRT framework, the motion planning of a free-floating space robot from the initial configuration to the goal end-effector pose is studied. In the algorithm design, in order to deal with the differential constraints of the free-floating space robot, and the requirement that the attitude disturbance of its base cannot exceed its limit, a control-based local planner for random configuration guiding growth of the tree and a control-based local planner for goal end-effector pose guiding growth of the tree that can adjust the attitude of the base when necessary are proposed. The former can ensure the effective exploration of the configuration space, and the latter can avoid the occurrence of singularity while ensuring that the algorithm converges quickly and the base attitude disturbance meets the constraints. The present algorithm does not need to solve the inverse kinematics, can successfully complete the planning task, and ensure that the base attitude disturbance meets the requirements. The simulation verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Developing and applying Mach 4.5 nozzle in hypersonic wind tunnel
Authors: HUANG Ju , YANG Yongneng , LIU Qi , YANG Haibin , ZHANG Wei
Published: December 2021

Mach 4.5 tests in a conventional trans-supersonic wind tunnel are often accompanied by the air liquefaction phenomenon, resulting in the low reliability of test data. The Mach 4.5 nozzle developed in a hypersonic wind tunnel is able to heat airflow and provide more accurate test data. At present, China does not have the capability to test the Mach 4.5 nozzle in the 0.5-meter hypersonic wind tunnel. This gap may be filled by developing the Mach 4.5 nozzle in the hypersonic wind tunnel. The axisymmetric nozzle profile was calculated by the inviscid flow calculation method, and the boundary layer was modified by the Sivells-Payne method. Then, the numerical simulation was carried out, and the simulation results prove that the nozzle profile thus calculated meets the design requirements of the Mach number. For its structural design, a three-section design method is adopted to ensure the continuity and smoothness of the inner surface so as to better calibrate the flow field. Standard model tests were also carried out. The test results show that the velocity field of the Mach 4.5 nozzle we developed meets technical requirements. The standard model test data provide data reliable support for the development of aircraft.
The manifold embedded selective pseudo-labeling algorithm and transfer learning of small sample dataset
Authors: WANG Yaoli , LIU Xiaohui , LI Bin , CHANG Qing
Published: December 2021

Special scene classification and identification tasks are not easily fulfilled to obtain samples, which results in a shortage of samples. The focus of current researches lies in how to use source domain data (or auxiliary domain data) to build domain adaption transfer learning models and to improve the classification accuracy and performance of small sample machine learning in these special and difficult scenes. In this paper, a model of deep convolution and Grassmann manifold embedded selective pseudo-labeling algorithm (DC-GMESPL) is proposed to enable transfer learning classifications among multiple small sample datasets. Firstly, DC-GMESPL algorithm uses satellite remote sensing image sample data as the source domain to extract the smoke features simultaneously from both the source domain and the target domain based on the Resnet50 deep transfer network. This is done for such special scene of the target domain as the lack of local sample data for forest fire smoke video images. Secondly, DC-GMESPL algorithm makes the source domain feature distribution aligned with the target domain feature distribution. The distance between the source domain and the target domain feature distribution is minimized by removing the correlation between the source domain features and re-correlation with the target domain. And then the target domain data is pseudo-labeled by selective pseudo-labeling algorithm in Grassmann manifold space. Finally, a trainable model is constructed to complete the transfer classification between small sample datasets. The model of this paper is evaluated by transfer learning between satellite remote sensing image and video image datasets. Experiments show that DC-GMESPL transfer accuracy is higher than DC-CMEDA, Easy TL, CMMS and SPL respectively. Compared with our former DC-CMEDA, the transfer accuracy of our new DC-GMESPL algorithm has been further improved. The transfer accuracy of DC-GMESPL from satellite remote sensing image to video image has been improved by 0.50%, the transfer accuracy from video image to satellite remote sensing image has been improved by 8.50% and then, the performance has been greatly improved.
Benefit, tolerance, and safety of hybrid argon plasma coagulation for treatment of Barrett's esophagus: US pilot study
Authors: Shimizu Toshitaka , Samarasena Jason B. , Fortinsky Kyle J. , Hashimoto Rintaro , El Hage Chehade Nabil , Chin Matthew A. , Moosvi Zain , Chang Kenneth J.
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims A novel technique for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) ablation, termed hybrid APC, has recently been developed. The aims of this US pilot study were to evaluate the efficacy, tolerance and safety of hybrid APC for the treatment of BE.

Patients and methods Patients with biopsy-proven BE referred to our tertiary care center over a 12-month period for mucosal ablation were eligible for this study. Efficacy of ablation was measured on follow-up endoscopy by demonstrating either a reduction of visible BE or biopsies proving complete resolution of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM). To evaluate tolerance and safety, patients were called on post-procedure days 1 and 7.

Results Twenty-two patients with BE (4.5 % intramucosal carcinoma, 31.8 % high-grade dysplasia, 18.1 % low-grade dysplasia, 36.3 % non-dysplastic, 9.1 % indefinite for dysplasia) underwent 40 treatments with hybrid APC. All patients had endoscopic improvement of BE disease and 19 of 22 patients (86.4 %) achieved CRIM. With regard to tolerance, average pain scores (0 to 10 scale) on follow-up were 2.65 and 0.62 on days 1 and 7, respectively. With regards to safety, there were two treatment-related strictures (9.1 %) that required a single balloon dilation.

Conclusions Hybrid APC appears to be promising in the treatment of BE. The ablation protocol used in this study demonstrated efficacy, tolerability, and a safety profile similar to radiofrequency ablation. Given the significant price difference between hybrid APC and other modalities for Barrett’s ablation, this modality may be more cost-effective. These results warrant further study in a large prospective multicenter trial.
Micro-computed tomography: A novel diagnostic technique for the evaluation of gastrointestinal specimens
Authors: Kawata Noboru , Teplov Alexei , Ntiamoah Peter , Shia Jinru , Hameed Meera , Yagi Yukako
Published: December 2021

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a non-destructive modality that can be used to obtain high-resolution three-dimensional (3 D) images of the whole sample tissue; the usefulness of micro-CT has been reported for evaluation of breast cancer and lung cancer. However, this novel diagnostic technique has never been used for evaluating endoscopically resected gastrointestinal specimens. In the present study, we scanned 13 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of a normal human colon and gastric tissue samples using micro-CT. The evaluation comprised a comparison of the acquired whole block images with the images of the corresponding cross-sectional slice of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide. Micro-CT was able to produce images of the whole sample and clearly depict tissues such as glandular structures, muscularis mucosae, and blood vessels in the FFPE tissue blocks of normal gastrointestinal samples. Furthermore, the 3 D reconstructed could be used to create a cross-sectional image and reflected the surface structure of samples obtained from any site. Micro-CT has the potential to become a highly promising pathological diagnostic assistance tool for endoscopically resected gastrointestinal specimens in combination with conventional microscopic examination.
Effect of adding magnifying BLI, magnifying NBI, and iodine staining to white light imaging in diagnosis of early esophageal cancer
Authors: Kawada Kenro , Arima Miwako , Miyahara Ryoji , Tsunomiya Mika , Kikuchi Masakazu , Yamamoto Fumiko , Hoshino Akihiro , Nakajima Yasuaki , Kinugasa Yusuke , Kawano Tatsuyuki
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims We investigated the effect of adding magnifying blue laser imaging (BLI), magnifying narrow-band imaging (NBI), and iodine staining to white light imaging in diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EESCC) in high-risk patients.

Patients and methods Between May 2013 and March 2016, two parallel prospective cohorts of patients received either primary WLI followed by NBI-magnifying endoscopy (ME) or primary WLI followed by BLI-ME, were studied. At the end of screening, both groups underwent iodine staining. The percentage of patients with newly detected esophageal malignant lesions in each group and the diagnostic ability of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE)-ME were evaluated.

Results There are 258 patients assigned to the NBI-ME group and 254 patients assigned to the BLI-ME group. The percentage of patients with one or more malignant lesions detected in the WLI + NBI-ME examination was similar in the WLI + BLI-ME examination (15 of 258 patients or 5.81 % vs. 14 of 254 patients or 5.51 %). However, four of 19 lesions in the NBI-ME group and six of 21 lesions in the BLI-ME group were overlooked and were detected by iodine staining. NBI-ME and BLI-ME showed similar accuracy in differentiation of cancerous lesions from non-cancerous lesions in diagnosis of EESCC (NBI/BLI: sensitivity, 87.5/89.5; specificity, 78.9/76.6; accuracy, 80.8/79.5; positive predictive value, 53.8/53.1; negative predictive value, 95.7/96.1).

Conclusions Both NBI and BLI were useful for detection of EESCC. However, because some lesions were overlooked by even NBI and BLI, high-risk patients may benefit from use of iodine staining during endoscopic screening of EESCC (UMIN000023596).
Quality management system for screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy improves detection of Helicobacter pylori-negative interval gastric cancer
Authors: Ishibashi Fumiaki , Kobayashi Konomi , Kawakami Tomohiro , Tanaka Ryu , Sugihara Kazuaki , Baba Satoshi
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims Double-checking the findings of examinations is necessary for endoscopy quality control in gastric cancer screening; however, there have been no reports showing its effectiveness. We prospectively analyzed the effectiveness of a quality management system (QMS) in endoscopy for gastric cancer screening.

Patients and methods QMS was defined as having images and reports checked by a second endoscopist on the same day and reporting inconsistencies to the examining endoscopist. Patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) in the 2 years before and after the introduction of QMS were divided into two groups: the interval cancer group, which included those for whom cancer was detected within 1 year of the last endoscopy and the noninterval cancer group. Changes in detection rates were compared.

Results Before the introduction of QMS, 11 interval EGC cases were diagnosed among 36,189 endoscopies, whereas after the introduction, 32 interval ECG cases were diagnosed among 38,290 endoscopies (P = 0.004). Fifteen noninterval EGC cases were diagnosed before the introduction, while 12 noninterval EGC cases were diagnosed after the introduction; no significant difference was observed. Subanalyses by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection status revealed no difference in the detection rate among HP-positive EGC patients, but the detection rates among HP-eradicated and HP-naïve EGC patients were improved (P = 0.005 and P = 0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that QMS was an independent predictor for detection of HP-negative interval EGC (P = 0.017, OR = 4.4, 95 % CI: 2.0–9.7).

Conclusions QMS improved the detection rate for HP-negative interval early gastric cancer. (UMIN000042991)
Pilot prospective study on formal training in per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) during advanced endoscopy fellowship
Authors: Jawaid Salmaan , Draganov Peter V. , Aihara Hiroyuki , Khashab Mouen A. , Yang Dennis
Published: December 2021

Background and study aims Gastroenterology societies have recently proposed core curricula for training in per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) based on expert opinion with limited data on its applicability for advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) trainees. We prospectively evaluated the feasibility of a structured POEM training curriculum during a dedicated AEF and the trainee’s performance during independent practice.

Methods This was a single-center prospective study evaluating a trainee’s performance of POEM using a structured assessment tool (POEMAT) to assess core cognitive and technical skills. The trainee’s performance was then prospectively assessed during the first 12 months of independent practice.

Results The trainee, who had not prior background in submucosal endoscopy, first observed 22 POEM cases followed by 35 hands-on procedures during his advanced endoscopy fellowship. Based on the POEMAT, submucosal entry and mucosal incision closure were the most challenging technical aspects, while cognitive skills were uniformly attained early in training. Overall, the trainee was able to cross the threshold for competence in his POEMAT performance score in 15 of his last 18 cases (83.3 %). The trainee performed 16 POEMs (baseline mean Eckardt 7.2) in his first 12 months of independent practice. Mean procedural time was 79.8 minutes (interquartile range: 67–94 minutes minutes) with no adverse events. Clinical success (Eckardt score < 3) was achieved in 100 % of the cases at a median follow-up of 20 weeks.

Conclusions Results from this pilot study support the adoptability of the recently proposed core curricula for POEM training within the context of a dedicated AEF and provide a potential blueprint for future studies of performance in POEM among trainees.
Engpassvermeidung in der Patientenversorgung
Authors: Spohn K , Hiller M , Hering R , Schröder S
Published: December 2021

Zielsetzung In deutschen Krankenhäusern binden schlecht abgestimmte Prozesse Ressourcen und münden in Versorgungsengpässen. Negative Auswirkungen dessen und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten sollen aufgezeigt werden.

Methodik Deskriptive systematische Literaturanalyse (Jhg. 2003–2020) in den Datenbanken PubMed und EBSCOhost.

Ergebnisse Von 860 Publikationen wurden 54 eingeschlossen. Lean-Management, Normalization Theory und Model for Improvement wurden beschrieben. Bedeutung eines Multi-Stakeholder Ansatzes wurde ausgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung Holistische Prozessoptimierungen können zunehmende Versorgungsengpässe abmildern. Früh sollten strategische in operative Ziele übersetzt und messbar gemacht werden. Innerklinische Projektbüros sollten Prozessimplementierungen begleiten und die Ausrichtung an Patientenversorgungs- und ökonomischen Aspekten im interdisziplinären Kontext steuern.
AGO-Algorithmen zur Behandlung von Brustkrebs: Update 2021
Authors: Schneeweiss Andreas , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Jackisch Christian , Loibl Sibylle , Schmidt Marcus , Stickeler Elmar , Wöckel Achim , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar ,   on behalf of the AGO Kommission Mamma
Published: December 2021

Die in den Algorithmen aufgezeigten Behandlungsoptionen basieren zwar auf den aktuellen AGO-Empfehlungen, können aber nicht alle evidenzbasierten Behandlungsoptionen darstellen, da frühere Therapien, der Patientinnenstatus, Begleiterkrankungen, Patientinnenpräferenzen usw. bei der tatsächlichen Therapiewahl mitberücksichtigt werden müssen. Andere evidenzbasierte Behandlungsoptionen können in Einzelfällen auch angemessen und gerechtfertigt sein. Ungeachtet ihres Zulassungsstatus werden nur die Medikamente in den Algorithmen aufgenommen, die zum Zeitpunkt des letzten Algorithmus-Updates in Deutschland zugelassen waren. Die Aktualisierung der AGO-Behandlungsalgorithmen für die Therapie von frühen und metastasierten Brustkrebserkrankungen von 2021 wird hier vorgestellt. Diese Aktualisierung soll strukturierte Behandlungsentscheidungen durch die Darlegung reproduzierbarer, evidenzbasierter Therapiepfade verstärken und kann für eine breit angelegte Behandlungslandschaft nützlich sein.
The Story of the Fibrin(ogen) αC-Domains: Evolution of Our View on Their Structure and Interactions
Authors: Medved Leonid , Weisel John W.
Published: December 2021

Although much has been established concerning the overall structure and function of fibrinogen, much less has been known about its two αC regions, each consisting of an αC-connector and an αC-domain, but new information has been accumulating. This review summarizes the state of our current knowledge of the structure and interactions of fibrinogen's αC regions. A series of studies with isolated αC regions and their fragments demonstrated that the αC-domain forms compact ordered structures consisting of N- and C-terminal subdomains including β sheets and suggested that the αC-connector has a poly(L-proline) type II structure. Functionally, the αC-domains interact intramolecularly with each other and with the central region of the molecule, first demonstrated by electron microscopy and then quantified by optical trap force spectroscopy. Upon conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, the αC-domains switch from intra- to intermolecular interactions to form ordered αC polymers. The formation of αC polymers occurs mainly through the homophilic interaction between the N-terminal subdomains; interaction between the C-terminal subdomains and the αC-connectors also contributes to this process. Considerable evidence supports the idea that the αC-regions accelerate fibrin polymerization and affect the final structure of fibrin clots. The interactions between αC-regions are important for the mechanical properties of clots, increasing their stiffness and extensibility. Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin results in exposure of multiple binding sites in its αC regions, providing interaction of fibrin with different proteins and cell types during hemostasis and wound healing. This heretofore mysterious part of the fibrinogen molecule is finally giving up its secrets.
Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation
Diseases: A Review
Authors: Figueiredo Caique , Padilha Camila S. , Dorneles Gilson P. , Peres Alessandra , Krüger Karsten , Rosa-Neto José Cesar , Lira Fabio S.
Published: December 2021

Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the
anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical
CD16+monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the
Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg).
Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in
monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger
proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important
for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular
disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical exercise is an
important tool to restore the functionality of monocytes and lymphocytes, and to
balance the subtypes ratio. However, key variables regarding exercise
prescription, such as the type of exercise, intensity, and volume differentially
impact on the acute and chronic immune response in individuals diagnosed with
meta-inflammation diseases. Here, we discuss the impact of different physical
exercise protocols, acutely and chronically, on monocytes and lymphocytes of
individuals with metabolic disease-associated inflammation. In this review, we
focus on the best effects of different exercise protocols to dose the
“exercise pill” in different inflammatory status.
Análise da deformação na prótese femoral não cimentada do quadril pelo método de elementos finitos – Influência da variabilidade do posicionamento angular do implante
Authors: Degasperi Felipe Alberto , Scatigna Bruno Francesco , Falótico Guilherme Guadagnini , Romero Valéria , Basile Ricardo , Takata Edmilson Takehiro
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Avaliar a influência da variação do posicionamento da prótese femoral do quadril na tensão e na deformação produzidas neste implante.

Métodos Utilizou-se a análise de tensão e de deformação da prótese femoral (Taper, Víncula, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil) pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF) de acordo com a norma ISO 7206-6 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses–Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components. A análise propôs uma ramificação do ensaio físico, com variação da angulação de +/− 5° sobre a proposta normativa das variáveis α e β.

Resultados Ao comparar com a deformação controle, houve significância estatística com a angulação isolada de +/− 5° do ângulo α, bem como com a associação de +/− 5° nas angulações α e β (p = 0,027 e 0,021, respectivamente). Já com a variação apenas do ângulo β, não houve variação significativa na deformação da prótese (p = 0,128). A posição da haste com maior deformação no implante foi com α = 5° e β = 14° (p = 0,032).

Conclusão A variabilidade de posicionamento da haste femoral protética de +/− 5° no plano coronal e/ou a associação da angulação de +/− 5° nos planos coronal e sagital interferiu de forma significativa na deformação do implante.
Breast Implants on Computed Tomography—A Pictorial Review of Normal and Pathologic Findings
Authors: Gossner Johannes
Published: December 2021

Breast augmentation with implants is frequently performed. Therefore breast implants can be seen quite frequently on computed tomography (CT) of the body. This offers the possibility to detect incidental pathology and help to improve patient outcome. Basic knowledge about imaging findings of breast implants on CT is therefore needed for radiologists reporting body CT. CT may also be used for further workup of breast implants if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is contraindicated or not available. The purpose of this pictorial review is to give a brief overview of normal and pathologic findings of breast implants on CT.
Pulmonary Embolization of Radiolucent Intravenous Cannula: Endovascular Retrieval
Authors: Giragani Suresh , Singh Manish Kumar , Gonuguntla Hari kishan , Muthyala Swathi , Alwala Surender
Published: December 2021

Fracture and embolization of peripheral intravenous cannula is very rare. Although endovascular retrieval is the standard of care for most of the embolized intravascular devices, endovascular management of embolized peripheral intravenous cannula is technically difficult due to its radiolucent nature and it is not described previously in the literature. We describe the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and endovascular management in a middle aged male who had fractured peripheral intravenous cannula which was embolized into the pulmonary artery branch. Technical nuances associated with retrieval of this radiolucent little plastic tube have been discussed.
Regenerative Medicine Treatments for Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Mysore Venkataram , Alexander Sajin , Nepal Suman , Venkataram Aniketh
Published: December 2021

Regenerative medicine and the role of stem cells are being studied for applications in nearly every field of medicine. The pluripotent nature of stem cells underlies their vast potential for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Several advances in recent years have heightened interest in this field, chief among them are the evolution of simpler techniques to isolate regenerative elements and stems cells. These techniques are easy, outpatient procedures with immediate injection, often single session with harvest, and minimal manipulation (usually physical). This paper seeks to critically review the existing data and determine the current evidence and their role in practice.
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Mimics Diffuse Metastatic Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Engin Gulgun , Yirgin Kızıldag , Kandemir Hulya
Published: December 2021

Background Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is associated with major diagnostic difficulties as it has many atypical symptoms and its imaging findings are similar to those of many other diseases.

Case Report We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a complex cystic mass in her pelvis and a 2-month history of pain. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed the following: (1) multiple supraclavicular, axillary, mediastinal, and abdominal pathologic lymph nodes with central hypoattenuation; (2) sternal and dorsal vertebral bone destruction with a soft tissue mass; and (3) multiple hypoattenuating masses in the liver. 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) revealed pathologic uptake in the defined areas, which were similar to metastases. Chest X-ray was normal. Diffuse metastatic disease was suspected clinically, but careful analysis of the imaging findings and the final pathologic results revealed multisystemic extrapulmonary TB. Clinical and radiological recovery was significant after anti-TB treatment at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion Extrapulmonary TB without pulmonary involvement is associated with major diagnostic difficulties, especially with PET-CT. However, recognition and understanding of the CT or MR imaging spectrum can aid in the correct diagnosis and management of the disease.
Both Bone Forearm Fracture with Complex DRUJ Dislocation: What Are the Odds?
Authors: Dabas Vineet , Bhatia Nishant , Agrawal Gaurang
Published: December 2021

Background Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation can occur as an isolated injury or in association with fracture radius (Galeazzi fracture-dislocation), Essex–Lopresti lesion or, rarely, with fracture of both radius and ulna (termed “Galeazzi type fracture”). DRUJ dislocations can be simple or complex. While simple DRUJ dislocation can be reduced by closed methods once the associated fractures are fixed anatomically, complex dislocation does not reduce by closed means. A complex DRUJ dislocation occurring in a both bone forearm fracture is an extremely unusual pattern of injury.

Case Description We describe the clinical presentation, intraop findings, management, and follow-up of two such cases of both bone forearm fracture with complex DRUJ dislocation. In both the cases, the ulnar head was found to be buttonholed through extensor retinaculum between the extensor tendons. Open reduction had to be done via dorsal approach. Timely intervention allowed good results in both the patients.

Literature Review Several authors have reported simple DRUJ dislocations in both bone forearm fractures; however, we could come across only three cases of complex DRUJ dislocation in a both bone forearm fracture. A summary of various series and reports on these injuries is presented.

Case Relevance Through this case report, we want to highlight this unusual association and emphasize on sequence of fixation, so that this perilous injury pattern is not missed, and favorable outcomes could be obtained through appropriate and timely intervention.
COVID-19 Infection: Impact on Hair
Authors: Sattur Sandeep Suresh , Sattur Indu Sandeep
Published: December 2021

With a practice dedicated to hair restoration and hair loss management, the authors have seen a large number of patients presenting with increased hair fall in the last 18 months. Hair fall after a stressfull event such as infections with febrile episodes is known. However, the latent period between the infective episode and hair fall has been shorter after COVID-19 infection than before. This review attempts to look at various pathways responsible for hair fall and if this differs from the conventional hair fall seen after any infection. It also tries to understand if the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a direct impact on the hair follicle leading to hair fall.
A Novel Mutation Diagnosing in Allan–Herndon–Dudley's Syndrome
Authors: Ipek Rojan , Bozdogan Sevcan Tug , Kömür Mustafa , Okuyaz Cetin
Published: December 2021

Allan–Herndon–Dudley's syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked recessive disease that causes abnormal serum thyroid function tests, severe hypotonia, intellectual disability, and motor deficit due to a mutation in the monocarboxylate transporter 8, which is a thyroid hormone transporter. A 6-month-old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic with a serious hypotonia complaint. With a preliminary diagnosis of AHDS, a molecular genetic examination was performed. The molecular genetic analysis detected a new previously unidentified variant in the SLC16A2 gene. This case has been presented to report the AHDS, which is a rare cause of hypotonia in patients presenting/consulting with severe hypotonia, global developmental delay, and abnormal thyroid function test results. Besides, a novel pathogenic mutation in the SLC16A2 gene has been described in the present article.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Anemic School-Age Children in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek A. , Almalky Mohamed , Hanna Diana , Baz Eman Gamal
Published: December 2021

Anemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in school-age children are important public health problems. The association between H. pylori infection and the development of anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia, has been previously studied and until now it is still a matter of argument. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and H. pylori infection among school-age children and to find the association between H. pylori infection and anemia in school-age children. We conducted this population-based cross-sectional study in six Egyptian primary schools over a 12-month-period, including 1,200 students from all grades who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The study participants were subjected to the following: medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations included complete blood count and H. pylori antigen in stool, and according to the level of hemoglobin (Hb), we divided the students into two groups; the anemic group with Hb level <11.5 g/dL and nonanemic group with Hb level ≥11.5 g/dL, and the serum ferritin levels were measured only for the anemic group as the best indicator for iron status. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 25%. The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.25%, of which hypochromic microcytic anemia represented 87.4% of the anemic group, and the mean ferritin level in the anemic group was 18.56 ± 9.96 ng/mL. The prevalence of anemia among H. pylori-infected patients (62.3%) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than in noninfected children (37.7%). In the anemic group, the mean ferritin level in H. pylori-infected children was significantly lower than the mean level in the noninfected children (p <0.001). Furthermore, the anemic group had a significantly higher incidence of H. pylori infection and a lower age (p <0.001) in comparison with the nonanemic group. The dominant type of anemia in H. pylori-infected children was the microcytic hypochromic anemia, with a significantly higher incidence in comparison to other types of anemia (p <0.001). The findings of this study demonstrate a significant association between H. pylori infection and anemia in school-aged children, especially iron deficiency anemia, as the incidence of H. pylori infection was greater in anemic children than in non-anemic children.
Static and dynamic diamond anvil cell (s-dDAC): A bidirectional remote controlled device for static and dynamic compression/decompression
Authors: Su Lei , Shi Kaiyuan , Zhang Li , Wang Yanlong , Yang Guoqiang
Published: December 2021

A novel bidirectional remotely controlled device for static and dynamic compression/decompression using diamond anvil cells (DACs) has been developed that can control pressure in an accurate and consistent manner. Electromechanical piezoelectric actuators are applied to a conventional DAC, allowing applications under a variety of pressure conditions. Using this static and dynamic DAC (s-dDAC), it is possible to addresses the poorly studied experimental regime lying between purely static and purely dynamic studies. The s-dDAC, driven by three piezoelectric actuators, can be combined with a time-resolved spectral measurement system and high-speed imaging device to study the structural changes, chemical reactions, and properties of materials under extreme conditions. The maximum compression/decompression rate or pressure range highly depends on the culet size of the anvil, and a higher compression rate and wider pressure range can be realized in a DAC with smaller anvil culet. With our s-dDAC, we have been able to achieve the highest compression rate to date with a 300 μm culet anvil: 48 TPa/s. An overview of a variety of experimental measurements possible with our device is presented.
Analysis of W-band traveling-wave tube based upon slotted sine waveguide slow wave structure
Authors: Luqi Zhang , Jiang Yi , Lei Wenqiang , Song Rui , Hu Peng , Ma Guowu , Wei Yanyu
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) is proposed by combining the slotted sine waveguide (SSWG) slow-wave structure (SWS) with the cylindrical electron beam. The dispersion properties and interaction impedances of the SSWG SWS are analyzed by using the numerical simulation and compared to the conventional sine waveguide (SWG) SWS. The interaction impedances of the SSWG SWS are much higher than the SWG SWS over the entire operating frequency band. The whole high frequency system, which consists of the SSWG SWS, the coupler, and the attenuator, is designed suitably. From the particle-in-cell simulation results, the maximum output power of the SSWG TWT at the typical frequency of 94 GHz can reach 284.5 W with the cylindrical electron beam of 20.6 kV and 180 mA. Compared to the SWG TWT, the SSWG TWT possesses the higher beam–wave interaction efficiency and the shorter saturated tube length.
The Generic-Viewpoint Assumption and Illusory Contours
Authors: Albert Marc K , Hoffman Donald D
Published: December 2021

Visual images are ambiguous. Any image, or collection of images, is consistent with an infinite number of possible scenes in the world. Yet we are generally unaware of this ambiguity. During ordinary perception we are generally aware of only one, or perhaps a few of these possibilities. Human vision evidently exploits certain constraints—assumptions about the world and images formed of it—in order to generate its perceptions. One constraint that has been widely studied by researchers in human and machine vision is the generic-viewpoint assumption. We show that this assumption can help to explain the widely discussed fact that outlines of blobs are ineffective inducers of illusory contours. We also present a number of novel effects and report an experiment suggesting that the generic-viewpoint assumption strongly influences illusory-contour perception.
Social dimensions in island restoration: some case studies from Aotearoa – New Zealand
Authors: Saunders Alan , Towns David , Broome Keith , Horn Stephen , Neureuter Sue , Conomos Katina , Corson Peter , Galbraith Mel , Gilbert Judy , Ogden John , Waterhouse Kate
Published: December 2021

Islands have been a focus for biodiversity conservation in Aotearoa – New Zealand for more than 50 years. Recognition of the impacts of invasive predators, the significant outcomes that can be anticipated following their removal, and growing capacity to eradicate suites of pests from larger islands have underpinned this progress. Increasingly, attention is being directed at treating larger inhabited islands as well as mainland restoration sites where people live nearby and where the social dimensions become increasingly important. The case studies presented here illustrate changes to better acknowledge, consult and collaborate with tangata whenua (local Indigenous people). A focus on forging and maintaining relationships with other local stakeholders such as landowners and community groups is also illustrated. Other social dimensions such as political advocacy and securing institutional and financial support are also outlined in the case studies. We conclude that while much is being learned about opportunities to address social dimensions, those involved in promoting and implementing island restoration will need to remain flexible and apply locally nuanced approaches that reflect social as well as other circumstances at each site.
Introduced red foxes (
Authors: Chessman Bruce C.
Published: December 2021

It has been asserted that introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) destroy ∼95% of nests of freshwater turtles in south-eastern Australia, are more efficient predators of freshwater turtle nests than Australian native predators, and are driving Australian freshwater turtle species to extinction. Available information was reviewed and analysed to test these assertions. Nest predation rates for all predators including foxes averaged 70% across Australia and 76% for south-eastern Australia compared to 72% for North America where freshwater turtles co-exist with many native predators, including foxes. Predation rates on Australian freshwater turtle nests did not differ significantly where foxes were included in the identified nest predators and where they were not, but sample sizes were very small. Evidence was lacking of foxes being the primary driver of population declines of Australian freshwater turtles, and some turtle populations are stable or increasing despite exposure to fox predation. Australian native species can be effective nest predators, and their role has probably been usurped by foxes to some degree. Where research shows that increased recruitment is necessary to conserve Australian freshwater turtle populations, strategies such as electric fencing of nesting beaches, nest protection cages and ex situ incubation of turtle eggs will probably be more cost-effective than efforts to reduce fox numbers. Further research is also needed to better understand the biological and environmental factors that regulate nest predation rates.
Large-scale genomic study reveals robust activation of the immune system following advanced Inner Engineering meditation retreat
Authors: Chandran Vijayendran , Bermúdez Mei-Ling , Koka Mert , Chandran Brindha , Pawale Dhanashri , Vishnubhotla Ramana , Alankar Suresh , Maturi Raj , Subramaniam Balachundhar , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar
Published: December 2021

Significance

Several studies on the impact of yoga and meditation on mental and physical health have demonstrated beneficial effects. However, the potential molecular mechanisms and critical genes involved in this beneficial outcome have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. This study identified and characterized the transcriptional program associated with advanced meditation practice, and we bioinformatically integrated various networks to identify meditation-specific core network. This core network links several immune signaling pathways, and we showed that this core transcriptional profile is dysfunctional in multiple sclerosis and severe COVID-19 infection. Very importantly, we demonstrated that the meditative practice enhanced immune function without activating inflammatory signals. Together, these results make meditation an effective behavioral intervention for treating various conditions associated with a weakened immune system.
Ultrasound elasticity of diamond at gigapascal pressures
Authors: Hu Qingyang , Li Baosheng , Gao Xiang , Bi Yan , Su Lei , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: December 2021

Significance

The exceptional hardness of diamond makes it an unmatched material for compressing and mechanical processing. For the same reason, compressing diamond and measuring its high-pressure, elastic properties turns out to be a very challenging task. Combining the ultrasonic interferometry and multianvil press, we extended the research forefront of diamond’s elasticity from kilobar to gigapascal pressures and showed that diamond becomes increasingly compressible, reaching agreement with theory. The results also point out the unique potential of diamond in providing an accurate, absolute pressure standard up to the terapascal region, which will be the basis cornerstone of the extensive, high-pressure sciences.
“These are not just slogans”
Authors: Kampf Zohar , Heimann Gadi , Aldar Lee
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study is to capture the meaning of interstate friendship from the perspective of international
actors and to underline the benefits of analyzing speech acts as a tool for revealing the relational scripts that guide interstate
relations. Analysis of the discourse surrounding 215 assertions of friendship made by statespersons in a variety of diplomatic
encounters and cultural contexts allows us to identify the factors that state actors articulate to develop friendly interstate
relations, the practices expected from a friendly state, and the goals attributed to practices of friendship. In the Conclusion we
discuss the differences between interpersonal and interstate friendships, and how the speech act of friendship plays a part in the
construction of interstate relations.
Method for time-of-flight estimation of low frequency acoustic signals in reverberant and noisy environment with sparse impulse response
Authors: Elfering Michael , Annas Sven , Jantzen Hans-Arno , Janoske Uwe
Published: December 2021

For acoustic procedures which rely on the speed of sound to derive process parameters, the determination of the acoustic time of flight (TOF) is essential. In this work, a method for the determination of the TOF is presented. It is intended for reverberant and noisy environments and can be applied in the gas holdup determination in bubbly liquids via acoustic transmission tomography for example. The method includes the selection and design of the transmitted signal to optimize the disambiguate of the autocorrelation, the narrowing of the time window based on the fractional Fourier transform to accelerate the TOF estimation. Furthermore, it includes the consideration of the system-induced signal distortion through prior quasi-anechoic measurements and the sparse reconstruction of the spatial impulse response for TOF estimation using non-negative sparse deconvolution algorithms. The method is tested analytically on numerically generated signals and various sparse deconvolution algorithms are investigated with respect to their applicability and limitations.