bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organogel investigations as a floating oral system with depot property
Authors: Zainab Saad Kaddoori  , Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed  , Nawfal Am. Numan
Published: April 2022

In this work we investigate span 40, span 60 and SA as a gelators and olive oil (OO) as apolar liquid phase to discover the ability of organogel formed to be floating in acidic media and gain a unique gastroretentive dosage form. In addition, take advantage of the chemical

 

and physical properties of cinnarizine (CN) as a model drug suitable for gastroretentive systems. The floating parameters were studied where the floating lag time and floating duration for organogel in both solid and liquid states. Organogels charecterization were accomplished through the folowing investigatational techniques and analytical methods: table top rheology, optical microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in- vitro release study. The results showed that all organogels immediately floated and they were floating in both states. Moreover, table top rheology showed that the transition temperature was reversible and higher than 37 ºC except for 7% w/w and 10% w/w SA in OO organogels where, optical images of organogel showed fibrillar network. The FTIR showed peaks associated to carbonyl groups indicated to form gelator-gelator interactions. Moreover, in vitro release study of organogel system showed continuous release CN for 9-12 hours.
Qualitative, Quantitative and Cytotoxic estimation of Phytochemicals in aerial parts of Iraqi Bauhinia variegata
Authors: Mais Baqer Mohammed  , Monther Faisal Mahdi  , Ibrahim S. Abbas
Published: April 2022

Bauhinia variegata L., is a flowering evergreen small medicinal tree characteristic with an aesthetic appearance and the shape of their flowers which resemble the orchid plant. It is a member of Leguminosae family. Commonly called" Khuf Al-Jamal" as in

 

Arabic and "Camel's feet" as in English. Quantitative estimation of phenolic compounds using UV spectroscopy. Also, HPLC analysis of lupeol and β-sitosterol content of aerial parts B.variegata.

Moreover, the anticancer activity of stem and leaves hexane extract against AMJ-13 cell was performed, which considered one of the first studies around the world of this plant extracts activity against AMJ-13 cell.
Topical preparations from the Iraqi plant aloe vera and their efficacy in skin infections.
Authors: Nidhal Marie K. , Ekbal Al-Khateeb H. , M. Al-Waiz
Published: April 2022

The dermatological preparations consist of simple or compounded bases in which one or more active ingredients are dissolved or suspended .The plant Aloe vera is widely distributed in Iraq, in addition to it's tranditional use in the treatment of occasional constipation , it is also used to assist healing of wounds ,burns and psoriasis. In this study; the amount of aloin (the major component of the plant) in the dried juice of the Iraqi plant Aloe vera is determined and was found to be 15.4% w/w and it is the major compound responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the plant.Different ointment bases were used in this study to prepare topical preparations from the dried juice of the Iraqi plant with different concentrations and were found that 4%w/w sodium carboxy methyl cellulose gel base was the best formula using comparative diffusion study through the skin. The clinical study which is carried out in this research on 61 patients with skin infections (mainly Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris) showed that 4%w/w gel base formula of aloe gave significant improvement in comparison with those treated with nystatin and hydrocortison and proved the antipruritic and antiinflammatoryaction of the dried juice of the Iraqi plant Aloe vera without any adverse effect. Finally the expiration date of aloin in the selected formula is determined and was found to be ≈ 2 years.
Statistical Treatments and Comparison between Normal Calibration and Ultimate Precision Methods in Spectrophotometric Determination of Aspirin in APC Tablets
Authors: Mayada Al-Qaisy H.
Published: April 2022

In this work a statistical comparison were carried out between two techniques, normal calibration (NC) and ultimate precision (UP) technique, for the spectrophotometric determination of Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) in APC tablets, where the second method provide a means of expanding the scale of readout limited instrument and decreasing error significantly. It was found that the relative error was decreased from 6% to 2% on using the UP technique with RSD of 0.86% and 0.54% for NC and UP technique, respectively, Where these data were calculated for synthetic sample with knownconcentration. The 95 % confidence limit was also calculated for NC and UP methods.An equation was also derived for direct calculation of concentration of unknown from UP technique. Where this equation could be applied for most spectrophotometric determination of sample by UP procedure.
Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators in lymphocytes of patients with alopecia areata
Authors: A.N. AL-Gaff , S. Humadi , S.A. Wohaieb , A.R. Muhi eldeen
Published: April 2022

Alopecia areata is a nonscarring hair -loss condition that often has a patchy distribution and can be quite unpredictable.
Anti-microbial investigation of Suaeda baccata (chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Suhad Al-Mohammadi S. , Ekbal Al-Khateeb , Ali Al-Shamma
Published: April 2022

This study includes the detection of the anti microbial activity of both the plant extract of Suaedabaccata (Chenopodiaceae) and its constituent the trigonelline alkaloid, against several microorganisms(Staphylococcus aureus to represent one member of Gram positive bacteria, Escherichiacoli to represent one member of Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans to represent onemember of fungi) in that trigonelline alkaloid and the plant extract, showed an antibacterial activityagainst the growth of gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, while gram negative bacteria,Escherichia coli and the yeast, Candida albicans were resistant to both.
Dermatophytoses and the High Level of CR3 (CD11b/CD18)
Authors: Rand Hafidh R. , Nidhal Abdul Muhaimen , Rasool Dabbagh
Published: April 2022

In patients infected with dermatophytoses there is a continuous fungal antigen shedding into the circulation, especially during chronic infection, including the cell wall component beta-glucan as one of the fungal antigen. CR3 (CD11b/CD18) serves as a leukocyte receptor for particulate and soluble betaglucan.The keratinocyte induction by the fungus; to produce certain cytokines and their role in the upregulation of CD11b expression. All can explain our results with the high level of CD11b expression in dermatophytic patients in comparison to controls group, and in chronically infected patients more than in acutely infected patients.
Kinetic Studies and electrophoretic separation of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme from Cancerous patients
Authors: Abdulhussien Al-jebory M.
Published: April 2022

The activity of sALP was determined by the calorimetric method King_Armistrong in serum of 303 cancerous patients and 42 normal healthy controls. The results show that the ALP activity was increased in all types of cancer tissues, however ALP activity show a significant increase only in bone, liver and pancreas tissues. The increase of ALP activity could be used as tumor marker for bone, liver and pancreas tissues.The increase in sALP activity could be used as tumor marker for bon and liver cancer and to detect metastasis to the organ. No significant differences of sALP activity were found between males and females. The activity was increase with the stage of development of the disease.The kinetic studies for normal healthy human were measured at a substrate concentration 10 mM, Km 2.7 mM, temperature 370c and pH 10. The melectrophoretic studies show that one band of ALP in serum of normal subjects, as compared to cancerous patients where several bands were detected in cancer patients; the intensity of band color varied with type; age and stage of disease
Attachment of Proteus mirabilis to human urinary sediment epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Mohammed AL-Araji K.
Published: April 2022

In vitro attachment of 335 Proteus mirabilis strains from various human sources to human urinary tract epithelial in adhesive capacity was found between Proteus mirabilis strains were isolated from the blood of 30 patients with Bacteria, Burns swabs 59 infected skin, the stool of 36 healthy subjects and 56 patients with diarrhea and the urine of 62 adults and 92 children with bacteremia. High mean adhesion values were observed in all groups. The Proteus mirabilis strains attached only to sequamous cells and not to transitional epithelial cells.The attachment of Proteus mirabilis to sequamous epithelial cells was high about day 15 of the menstrual cycle of the epithelial cell donor, but low at the beginning and the end of the cycle.
A comparison between Captopril, Valsartan, Carvedilol and Conventional therapy in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Maiada Al-Mousilly M.
Published: April 2022

A comparison was done between captopril, valsartan, carvedilol & the conventional therapy in patients with heart failure. The difference was reflected on the survival rate and hospital admissions. Eighty patients were enrolled in this study, all were diagnosed as having heart failure (Class I – IV).They were grouped into four groups each consisted of 20 patients.

group I were given captopril 25mg twice daily,group II were given valsartan 80mg once daily,group III had carvedilol 12.5mg twice daily, and group IV were given the conventional therapy (digoxin, diuretics, nitrates …. etc.).Blood pressure and heart rate were checked at baseline (before treatment) & after one and two months after initiation therapy. Data were compared to those of 15 healthy & subjects included in the study as well.Results revealed that a significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood pressure was noticed for the four groups. The heart rate was increased significantly (p<0.05) in the captopril & valsartan groups after two months while decreased significantly following carvedilol & conventional treatment.As a whole, a high percentage of improvement in the functional class of NYHA was found in the valsartan (80%) & the carvedilol (70%) groups, as no health deterioration was noticed in any of these two groups & no one died.

While the improvement percentage was to a lesser extent among patients on captopril the conventional therapy (10% and 20% respectively) with reported deaths.The number of hospitalization during the follow up period was reduced significantly (p<0.001) in the valsartan and carvedilol groups and to a lesser extent in the captopril group while there was no significant reduction in hospital admissions of patients on the conventional therapy.According to this, carvedilol or valsartan improved cardiac function, quality of life, reduced mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure leading to a better short & long term prognosis.
The ability of melatonin to influence oxidative stress and lower the dose of prednisolone in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Ashwaq Al-Jaff N.
Published: April 2022

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, autoimmune unpredictable, nonscaring form of hair loss.Melatonin is the most potent antioxidant known, it protect cells from so called free radical damage. Orally administered prednisone has proved effective to stimulate new hair growth for patients with AA, but its potential side effects which include weight gain, metabolic abnormalities, acne and menstrual problems makes difficulty in prescribing cortisone in high doses for patients with AA.This study was designed to assess the clinical significance of the melatonin in reducing the dose of corticosteroids (prednisolone), and as a consequence, their side effects in patient with AA. The results f this study reveal the potential clinical significance of two months treatment with this antioxidant (melatonin) in reducing the dose of prednisolone from 100mg to 10mg administered each other day and improving the rate of hair growth by attenuating free radicals damaging effect on immune system, thereby decreasing the immune complex deposition. According to the results of this study, the use of melatonin may have an important role in protecting the immune system, and decreasing the dose and side effects that result from the use of high dose of corticosteroids
Effect of metformin and antioxidant agents on oxidative stress status and follicular maturation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Waleed Sulaiman R. , Wafa Al-Omari R. , Mohammed Taher A.
Published: April 2022

In this study, forty-two Iraqi Arab Women with PCOS were involved and they were classified into three groups according to type of treatment:1) Group І: fourteen patients who administered metformin (500mg t.i.d).2) Group П: fourteen patients who administered combination of metformin (500mg t.i.d) with vitamin C (250mg t.i.d)3) Group PI: fourteen patients who administered combination of metformin (500mg t.i.d) with vitamin E (200mg t.i.d).All groups were treated for three months .The present study includes the measurement of serum malondialdehyde, Vitamin E and its metabolite (tocopheronic acid) play an important role in alleviation of oxidative stress(MDA) and may potentiate the metformin activity in maturation of follicles
Prevalence of epstein barr virus in malignant lymphomas in Iraq
Authors: Walid Ridha K. , Lyla Al-Omer S. , Nidhal Abdel-Muhymen , Raji Al-Hadithi H.
Published: April 2022

Malignant lymphomas are among the common tumors that are associated with and may complicate Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Although the strongest association is with the endemic Burkitt lymphomas (BL), the trend of association with sporadic lymhpomas reveals a consistently increasing prevalence of the virus in Hodgkin’s disease (HD) in recent years compared to the non-Hodgkin type (NHL) which may point to a possible role for the virus in the predisposition and etio-pathogenesis of the disease.evaluate the association of EBV with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in relation to age, sex and HD subtype retrospectively using archival tissue biopsy sections.Method: EBV was detected by In Situ Hybridization (ISH) using EBERs RNA probes in paraffinembedded tissue sections prepared from archival tissue biopsy blocks.

(a) EBV was detected in 25 of 40 HD cases (62.5%), 9 of 30 (30%) NHL cases, 4 of 10 (40%) BL cases, and in 5 of 20 (25%) other (non-BL) NHL cases. (b) Among the EBV-positive HD cases, 19 (76%) were of the mixed cellularity (MC) subtype, 1 (4%) of the Nodular Sclerosis (NS) subtype, 1 (4%) of the Lymphocyte Predominance (LP) subtype and 4 (16%) cases were of the Lymphocyte Depletion (LD) subtype. (c) Age distribution of HD cases revealed a bi-modal pattern characterized by an early major peak (67.5% of cases) below 35 years and a minor peak (32.5% of cases) above the age of 40. On the contrary, NHL cases revealed a nearly even age distribution (43.3% versus 56.6%) below and above the age of 40, respectively. (d) No difference was observed in the incidence of HD between males and females where the ratio was close to 1:1. On the other hand, a slight male predominance was seen among NHL cases with a male to female ratio of 2:1.(a) the prevalence rate of EBV infection was high among HD cases and fell within the prevalence rates found in previous similar studies revealing a range of values from 20 to 90%. (b) the higher prevalence of EBV positivity in HD compared to NHL found in this study points to a more substantial role for the virus in the pathogenesis of former compared to the latter disease which also comes in agreement with the greater environmental element compared to the genetic element in the etiology of HD. (c) The unexpected high EBV positivity in the LD subtype of HD may be interpreted as result of the progression of some of the early less aggressive MC-HD cases to the advanced more aggressive LDHD subtype. (d) the bi-modal age distribution of EBV-positive HD cases follows the same pattern of distribution of the disease in general and testifies for the influence of environmental factors in the incidence of the disease.
A study of liver function in females with toxic goiter by using 131I Rose Bengal
Authors: Al-Shami Adeeb Abass
Published: April 2022

26 consecutive female patients with goiter their age range between 22 – 65 years. Nodular forms were 10 patients, diffuse goiter were16 patients, euthyroid form were 6 patients, with sign of thyrotoxicosis (severe thyrotoxicosis 11 patients, moderate 9 patients).Sensitive test, Rose Bengal conjugated with 131I was used for evaluation the absorption& excretion by liver cells and intrahepatic blood circulation.The results showed increase blood flow, liver accumulation of isotope in 25% of the patients and in 45-50% of patients were normal.The excretion of conjugated Rose Bengal with 131I shows severe suppression of liver function in 2 cases.In this study we found an increasing the maximum accumulation time of isotope 131I in the liver, both in severe & moderate thyrotoxicosis.
Preparation, evaluation and dissolution behaviors of water soluble drug loaded PLGA microspheres.
Authors: Marie Nidhal Khazaal
Published: April 2022

One of important drug delivery system is microencapsulation of bioactive agents using biodegradable polymers. Although a large number of studies, which utilizes PLGA have been performed, however, basic data and information upon drug release are in sufficient. Formulation of indomethacin sodium as microspheres using different percentages of PLGA by applying coacervation / phase separation and emulsification / solvent evaporation methods, were performed. The morphology, particle size and dissolution – release profile of the prepared microspheres have been studied. From both methods, it was noticed that the release of the drug is decreased as the amount of PLGA increased since it affects core: coat ratio. The microspheres prepared with low percentages of PLGA (not more than 20%) showed initial burst effect, which may suggest that erosion, is the major dissolution mechanism while diffusion might be the main mechanism for microspheres prepared with high percentages of PLGA. The shape of microspheres with > 30% PLGA (by coacervation method) has limited sphericity and larger particles size in comparison to that prepared with emulsification / solvent evaporation methods. Therefore, indomethacin – loaded PLGA microspheres (using 50% polymer) prepared by the second method can be used in the formulation of prolonged duration injectable dosage form.
Development and In-Vitro Clinical Study of Tinidazole - Chlorhexidine Gluconate ophthalmic suspension for Treatment of Keratitis
Authors: Salmo Hiba Muaffak , Abbas Haider Kadum , Al- Shakarchi Faiz I. , Abdul-Rahman Jamal
Published: April 2022

A new model aqueous micro fine suspension of tinidazole (TND) was developed on the basis of the combination with chlorhexidine gluconate to be useful in treatment of ungal corneal infection or ulcer (fungal keratitis). In vitro clinical study for TND - chlorhexidine gluconate showed a significant antifungal activity against certain species of fungi isolated from patients with corneal ulcer . Propylene glycol (PG) was chosen because it is known as a good solubilizer , it could be used as a tonicity adjustment agent in appropriate concentration & it is nontoxic . An enhancement in the solubility of TND was achieved also by interaction with a non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween80) and PG. .

The models prepared by using PG were showed some practical advantages over the models containing a combination of PG and non –ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) , by enhancement the in vitro dissolution & releasing of TND suspension .Previous histological studies have shown that these additives used not cause eye irritation. The prepared models showed high physiological tolerance onrabbit eye. Moreover high molecular weight methylcellulose (MC) was effective to create appropriate viscosity that was maintained unchanged after heatsterilization.
NEW DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM FOR ITS APPLICATION IN THERAPEUTIC EMBOLIZATION STRATEGY.
Authors: Marie Nidhal K.
Published: April 2022

The perfectly spherical microspheres of the ion- exchange resins diethylaminoethyl – trisacryl (DEAE) had been successfully used for achieving mechanical occlusion of vascular lumen. In this study; diclofenac sodium is reversibly adsorbed onto DEAE microspheres (28.3 g drug / 100 g of microspheres). The dissolution profile showed rapid release of the drug from the loaded microspheres, and since this may lead to dramatic decrease in the drug before the microspheres. reaches the targeted site, therefore, microencapsulation of the drug loaded DEAE microspheres is carried out for the first time in this study using PLGA as a coating polymer and applying two different methods of microencapsulation. The results showed that increasing the amount of PLGA lead tomore retardation in the release of the drug through affecting core : coat ratio and the mechanism of drug release. It is also found that applying emulsification / solvent evaporation method with 60% w/w PLGA gave regular retarded release microcapsules with better sphericity, which may be easily injected by a catheter at the required site and offers a new drug delivery system and new application for diclofenac sodium in the promising strategy of using embolization particles with anti – inflammatory activity.
Effect of nutrient antioxidants on oxidative stress indicators in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: AN AL- Gaff , S. Humadi , S.A Wohaieb , A.R. Muhi eldeen
Published: April 2022

People with alopecia areata lose their scalp hair in smooth round patches typically causing bald spots about an inch (2cm) across. Recently Al-Jaff et al demonstrate the association of free radicals in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, and the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the immune system from the damaging effect of these radicals.Any imbalances between free radical production and antioxidant deficiency can result in an injury.This clinical study designed to study the role of nutrient antioxidants in protecting the body from damaging effect of radicals and the effect of two month treatment with antioxidants (vitamin A, E, &C) on oxidative stress variable levels and their effect on rate of hair growth in patients with alopecia areata. Treatment with antioxidants significantly elevated body antioxidant defenses component levels, increased Zn levels and decreased Cu levels and corrected the inbalance in these trace metals metabolism in alopecia after 1and 2 months of treatment compared to pretreatment values. The most important point isthe clinical significance of antioxidants in improving the hair response of patients with alopecia areata; this may be due to an inhibition of oxidative stress associated with the state of the disease.
Diagnosis of Enteroviral-associated-Meningitis by RT-PCR for the First Time in Iraq
Authors: Tuama Faiza L. , Omeran Yassen I. , Abdul Ridha Manal Khalid , Ridha Walid K.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: A protocol for testing cerebrospinal fluid specimens using RT-PCR for the diagnosis of central nervous system infections was developed 2 and used to test 20 CSF specimens.Objectives: A-Evaluation of efficiency of In-house prepared Extraction reagent. BAmplified of Enteroviral-RNA genome by single-step RT-PCR. Methods: 20cerebrospinal fluid specimens were included. RNA was extracted from 250μl by method Chomcynki, 1993. EV-RT-PCR was performed for all specimens studied.Results: We successfully isolated total RNA from 20 CSF specimens of AM cases. Ten of 20 specimens were positive by RT-PCR.

Conclusions: Single-step extraction method was allowed isolation of RNA in 4hr. and provided both high yield and purity of un-degraded RNA preparation. EV-RTPCR detection test is suitable for clinical diagnosis of EV-related meningitis and may improve the management of EV-related neurologic syndromes.
The Effect of Temperature and Concentration on The Brucella Antigen Activity Used for Diagnosis of Brucellosis by Tube Agglutination Test
Authors: Al-Ezzi Muthanna I. , A.K Ismaiel
Published: April 2022

The current study handled the preparation of a tube agglutination test antigen from a record culture Brucella Abortus S99 according to the European method and at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 5%), by adding additional microbial cells, these concentrations were compensated by different temperatures (60, 70, 80, 95 and 1100C), to study the effect of the concentration and temperature on the activity of the tube agglutination test antigen in comparison with the antigen prepared by bio- Merieux.
Correlation Between Chlamydia trachomatis Infections and Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) inWomen With spontaneous abortion
Authors: Amal Salman H. , Dalya Hana B. , Shaymma Salman L.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to find out the correlation between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and production of Interferon gamma (IFN- γ) with respect to abortion in women that had spontaneous abortion. Serum was collected from the women that had abortion and woman with successful pregnancy, and all samples were analysed for IgM specific antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis and IFN- γ by commercially available Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.A highly significant difference in the serum level of IgM specific antibodies of Chlamydia trachomatis and IFN- γ was found in women that had abortion compared with successful pregnancy (P<0.001), and a highly significant positive correlation between them (r=0.503, p<0.001) in sera of women that had abortion.The data of this study strengthen the possibility that IFN-γ may explain the role of type 1 cytokines in the pathogenicity of abortion in the positive groupfor Chlamydia trachomatis.
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Cerebellum in cognitive modern birds species (gold-capped parrot)
Authors: Abd-Alrahman Shermean A. , Mahmoud Mahmoud M.
Published: April 2022

The gold- capped Parrots have large and highly folded cerebellum the latter design is protruded forward. Ten long and large primary folia are found insagittal sections. Some of these folia (i.e. V, VI, IX) are subdivided. The result of microscopic examination indicates that there are an outer long strip of cortexthat corresponding with cerebellum length, and inner white matter (medulla).Three distinct layers are clearly detected in the cortex (i.e. outer molecular layer, middle Purkinje cells layer, and inner molecular, layer). The internal structure of cerebellum is characterized by the great prominence of granular layer especially in the folia summit and the appearance of deep nuclei in the center ofcerebellum.
Trophoblast-Expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) inWomen with Recurrent Abortion ComparedWith Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Amal Salman H. , Ghaith Al-Zubaidy A. , Sulaf Hussain A.
Published: April 2022

Objective:We studied the estimation of IL-6 and hCG expression in immunohistochemistry in women with unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) and find out whether or not IL-6 regulates human Chorionic Gonadotropin release (hCG).An immunohistochemistry technique was performed to detect and determine the immunohistochemistry expression of IL-6 and hCG proteins using paraffin embedded sections of curettage samples obtained from 50 women, who were divided into three groups: 25 women with RSA, 15 women with abortionfor the first time, and 10 women with induced abortion.The levels of the immunohistochemistry expression of both IL-6 and hCG were found to be highly significant increased in group 3 as compared with group 1 and group 2 (P<0.001), with a significant positive correlation between these two parameters (P<0.05) in three groups.

The trophoblasts expression of IL-6 might play a role in stimulation of the expression of hCG during pregnancy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium (II) Complexes With Some Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Al-Jeboori M. J. , Lateef S. M. , AL-Shuaibi A. R. A.
Published: April 2022

Complexes of palladium (II) with pyridine derivatives in general formula: trans- [PdCl2L1 2], (where: L1 = 2- picoline, 3- picoline, 4- picoline); [pd L1 4](BF4) 2, (Where: L1=3-picoline, 4-picoline); trans- [PdCl2L2 2] and [pd L2 4] (BF4) 2, (Where: L2 = 2-aminopyridine, 3 - aminopyridine, 4 -aminopyridine) were prepared.All componnds have been characterised by spectroscopic methods [I.R, U.V-Vis, Atomic Absorption], Microanalysis (C. H .N) a long with conductivity measurements. From the above data the proposed molecular structure for all prepared complexes are square planar geometries about pd (II).
Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Care Application in Iraqi Hospital
Authors: Chillab Raghdan Zeki , Al-Sabbagh May , Fakhri Haydar
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of pharmaceutical care in an Iraqi hospital in decreasing drug-related problems in which the clinical pharmacist play the important role in Pharmaceutical care that introduced in the nineties of the previous century in the United States as a progression and development of the clinical pharmacy that starts in the sixties of the same century and developed in eighties.150 patients were included in this study aged between two months to twelve years in Babylon hospital for gynecology and children. Those patients were classified to 5 groups. Each group divided into2 equal subgroups in which the pharmaceutical care plan was formulated to one of them to see the effectiveness of such application on those patients using the SOAP note (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan), the groups are: 30 Respiratory disease patients, 30 Metabolic disease patients 30 Gastrointestinal disease patients, 30 Cardiovascular disease patients and 30 Hematological disease patients.All patients were followed clinically to detect the causes of drug-related problems and the results revealed that the application of pharmaceutical care in the hospital can result in decreasing drug-related problems, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs, decreasing the risk of drug use and has economic benefits for the patient and the hospital. The benefits of pharmaceutical care can increased by application of such plans on large scales, qualifying the pharmacists in Iraq professionally to take their responsibilities and also other health care professionals especially physicians must be encouraged to accept the new roles of pharmacists.
Evaluation of the Effect of Changing Concentration and pH on The Activity of Rose Bengal Antigen
Authors: Al-Ezzi Muthanna I.
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted to prepare Rose Bengal antigen by using Rose Bengal stain 1% and brilliant green 0.5%. These antigens were prepared usingdifferent concentrations (4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10%) and different buffer diluents with different pH (3.0, 3.5, 3.65, 4, 4.5, 5.0) to study the effect of differentantigen concentrations and pH on the Rose Bengal test. It was observed that the best results were obtained when the concentration of the antigen was more than 7% and the pH range of 3.65 to 4.0.
Preparation and Clinical Evaluation of 99mTc-dimercapto Succinic Acid (99mTc-DMSA), Freeze-dried Kit For Kidney Cortex Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabbar Alaa K. , Al-shami Adeeb Abass , Abass S. H.
Published: April 2022

99mTc-dimercapto Succinic acid freeze-dried kit(99mTc-DMSA) was prepared by reaction of kit that is contained (1mg of 2.3 meso dimercaptosuccinic acid,0.336 mg of stannous chloride, 40mg insitol and 0.9 ascorbic acid as anti oxidant) with Na99mTcO4 at pH equal to (2-4) that is the optimal condition to formation 99mTc-DMSA complex.The radiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-DMSA in liquid and dried forms were determined on gel filtration column scanning “GCS”. The labeling yield of complex formation was greater than 99% after 15 min. from addition of Na99mTcO4. The complex in liquid form was stable during ten hours while in lyophilized form six months.The biodisribution of kit was studied on white male mice that the results indicate to the ratio of dose concentration accumulated into kidneys is greater than29% of injected dose, however, little amounts of complex was detected in non target organs.
Anatomical and Histological Study of the Cerebrum in large brain modern bird species (gold – capped parrot)
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud M. , Abd.Alrahman Shermean Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Morphological and histological aspects on the cerebrum of gold- capped parrot was studied to describe the cerebrum regions which classify and named acording to the new standard nomenclature of the international consortium of avian neuroscientists.The results of morphological aspects (the gross anatomy) revealed that the cerebrum was the largest and the dominant part of the brain, the surface of eachcerebral hemisphere was smooth and without gyri and sulci. The wulst was found as a bulge on the dorsum of each hemisphere, it was massive. The lateralborder of the wulst was demarcated by vallecula groove.The results of histological aspects indicated the presence of two regions: the dorsal (pallial), and the basal (striatal and pallidal) regions. The dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) was the best developed representing the gray matter.
Synthesis and Identification of Complexes of [1, 2-diphenyl -2- (pyrazin -2- ylimino)- ethanone oxime] with Some Metal Salts
Authors: Al-Jeboori A.N. , AL-Noor T.H . , Sadawi R.L.
Published: April 2022

Aim of this work is synthesis and characterization of bidentate Oxime ligand (HL) [1,2-diphenyl-2-(pyrazin-2-ylimino)-ethanoneoxime]. This ligand was prepared by reacting of 2-aminopyrmidine (A) with benzylmonooxime (B) under reflux in methanol and drops of CH3COOH gave the ligand (HL).fig(1) .The prepared ligand were characterized by I.R, U.V-vis spectra and melting point.The ligand were reacted with some metal ions under reflux in methanol with (1:1) ratio gave complexes of the general formula: [M (HL)], Where: M= MnII, FeII, CoII, CuII, ZnII, CdII, NiII, and HgII. These complexes were characterized by (A.A), chloride content I.R, U.V-vis spectra, molar conductivity and melting point. The molar conductance showed that, all complexe are non-electrolyte.
Prophylactic Effects of Melatonin in Lead Induced Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Hussin Saad Abdul-Rehman , Ali Shatha Hussain , Alwakeel Nazar
Published: April 2022

Exposure to lead results in significant accumulation in most of vital organs, and free radical damage has been proposed as a cause of lead-induced tissue damage where oxidative stress is a likely molecular mechanism. This study is designed to evaluate therapeutic effects melatonin in lead-induced organs toxicity in rats.Evaluation of melatonin in this respect was conducted in a rat model of lead-induced toxicity. All test groups here were challenged with subcutaneous injections of 100mg/kg lead acetate daily for one month. Melatonin in a dose of 20 mg/kg was administered intraperotoneal as adjunct treatment with leadacetate. The changes in total body weight, weight of major organs (brain, liver and kidney), oxidative stress parameters, hemoglobin content, liver and renal functions, and histological appearance of the studied organs were evaluated and compared with that of negative and positive controls. In addition, melatonin has the ability to reverse the damage induced by lead in many organs and tissues through the reduction of MDA levels in RBCs, brain, liver and kidney; and theincrease in GSH levels in all studied organs; in addition to the improvement in the indices of the functions of the organs studied.These findings demonstrate that melatonin capable of preventing damage of rat tissues caused by successive doses of lead acetate, and also demonstratethat these animals had restored their organ functions due to treatment with melatonin
Extraction of castor oil for (medical use)
Authors: Raauf Ayad M.R. , Haweel Cecilia K. , Hammed Mohammed S.
Published: April 2022

Extraction of castor oil for medical uses by cold press of castor beans at 38˚C with applied pressure 140 bars & pressing time of 70min., the maximum efficiency was found to be 80%.The pressed cake which contains 17% oil was subjected to solvent extraction with hexane under operation conditions: temperature, time of extraction and solvent to feed ratio.Bleaching of the castor oil with natural earth (bentonite) to improve the color.
Serum Leptin levels in Obese Post MenopauseWomen
Authors: Ghaith Al-Zubaidy A. , Khazraj Fadhil A.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to find the relationship between leptin and obesity in post menopause women. Serum leptin level was determined by usingthe Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA) technique, The Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured by weight (kg)/square height (m²), and waistcircumference was measured in centimeters. These parameters where taken from 100 post menopause women who were divided according to BMI into two groups: 60 obese women and 40 nonobese women.A highly significant difference in Serum Leptin levels, BMI and Waist circumference was found in the obese post menopause women compared with non-obese subjects (p≤0.01). And a highly significant positive correlation between serum leptin levels and BMI (r=0.739, p≤0.01), and between serum leptin levels and waist circumference (r=0.684, p≤0.01).
The Synergistic Action of Laser and Photosensitizer on staphylococcus aureus Wound Infection in Mice
Authors: Jasim Thamer Mutlag
Published: April 2022

This study was designed to determine the effect of diode laser alone and in combination with cefotaxime and povidone-iodine (as photosensitize) on wound healing. Wounds (1 cm in length were induced in the backs of the mice). Wounds were infected with S. aureus. Wounded mice divided to nine groups and treated by laser (as one exposure for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 minutes each three days), cefotaxime alone, povidone iodine alone, povodine iodine and cefotaxime, povodine iodine and laser, cefotaxime and laser, and laser- cefotaxime- povodine iodine combination. Laser in combination with either povidone iodine or cefotaxime significantly accelerate wound healing compared with other groups. The best significant results were obtained with the using of laser- povidone iodine- cefotaxime combination. Laser exposure also minimizes the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic against S. aureus when it exposed to it. The best period of exposure in vivo was found to be 0.5 min once exposure each 3 days. The acceleration of wound healing induced by laser could be attributed toone or more of the following its bactericidal effect on the contaminated microorganism, its effect on the pathogenicity of these organism, changing of resistance pattern of the contaminants, or its interference with the events participated in wound healing and subsequent increase in the rate of the healing. This study proved that laser is a good therapyfor healing injuries; therefore clinical trials are required to assay its efficacy in human being.
Lipid Profile and Essential Fatty Acid Concentration in Typhoid Fever Patients
Authors: H.A. Amal , S.S. Eman
Published: April 2022

The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids, while no evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever disease.

Lipid profile and essential fatty acids concentration were measured in 44 typhoid fever patients and 25 healthy controls.The proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were found to be higher in serum of typhoid fever patients, in contrast with polyunsaturatedfatty acids which were found to be lower in those patients when compared with healthy controls, this results in a higher ratio of palmitoleic acid to linoleic acid(P<0.04) and of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid (P<0.03) (Table-2).Typhoid fever patients showed also hypocholesterolemia and hyper LDLcholesterolemia (P<0.001 and P<0.003 respectively) (Table-1, Fig.-1).Regarding triglycerides and HDL–cholesterol, they demonstrated a non significant change in typhoid fever.In conclusion, typhoid fever patients showed some disturbances in their lipid profile and essential fatty acid concentration which may be of clinical significance.Objective To show the effect of typhoid fever on lipid profile and essential fatty acids concentration
Incidence of Bacteria in Conjunctival Infections and their Antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Shrooq Al- Rubaei
Published: April 2022

Out of 54 clinical swabs of conjunctivital infections, 24 isolates(44.4%) were identified and tested for their susceptibility to 10 Kinds of antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Beta-lactamase production was done for pencillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PRSA).

The most frequent pathogenes were Staphylococcus aureus (33.3 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (29.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.5)& Haemophilus influenzae (8.3%).20 isolates (83.3 %) showed resistance to pencillin by the disk diffusion method, beta-lactamase production was positive in all (PRSA) isolates. All isolates of S.aureus& S.epidermidis were sensitive to vancomycin (100%).Ciprofloxacin, was the most active antibiotic then gentamycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulpham ethoxazole, whereas erythromycin, amoxicillin, tetracyclin and penicillin were the lowest activity.Multiple antibiotic resistance was seen in this study: 2 isolates were resistant to 9 Kinds; 4 isolate was resistant to 8 Kinds; 3isolates were resistant to 7 Kinds ;2 isolates were resistant to 6 Kinds;4 isolates to 5 kinds & 2 isolates to 4 kinds of antibiotics.
Enkephalin Leucine Microspheres Suspension as a Sustained Antiplaque Antimicrobial Delivery System
Authors: Samein Laith H.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to prepare a formulation containing enkephalin leucine as an antiplaque/antibacterial agent. Enkephalin leucine microspheres were prepared using a poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a delivery system. The microspheres were prepared by a dispersion/solvent extraction evaporation method and characterized for drug load by HPLC, particle size by laser diffractometry and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro enkephalin leucine release was studied using a dialysis method. The stability of peptide in human saliva was concentration dependent. PLGA microspheres had released after socking in the artificial saliva. The encapsulation efficiency was around 83% -97% with the spherical shape. The in vitro release was successfully controlled over 60 minute or more with percentage of release reach to 70% for the free drug & 25% for the adsorbed drug.
Using of Sintering and Microwave Techniques to Control the Release of Trifluoperazine HCl fromWax Matrix
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: April 2022

The very water soluble drug, trifluoperazine HCl was prepared as sustained release carnauba wax matrix tablets using direct compression method.Different amounts of carnauba wax as matrix substance was used to show its effect on drug release. Also sintering as new technique was used in order toretard the drug release from carnauba wax matrix tablets; the granules before compression or the tablets after compression were exposed to 90°C or 120°C for 3 or 5 minutes. Microwave is another technique which was used to prolong the drug release from carnauba wax matrix tablets. The granules before compression or the tablets after compression were exposed to microwave irradiation at 600 watt for 3 or 5 minutes.The results revealed that the release of drug decreased significantly (p<0.05) when the when the amount of carnauba wax was increased. On the other hand, sintering of granules or tablets, exhibited a significant (p< 0.05) drug release retardation when the temperature was increased from 90° C to 120° C.Furthermore, non significant differences (p> 0.05) in drug release was shown at different time of sintering for 90°C or 120°C. The microwave irradiationdirectly on tablets had a significant (p< 0.05) retarding effect on drug release, particularly for tablet exposed to 5 minutes since the drug release prolongedfrom 3hr for unmicroaved tablet to 6 hr for microwaved one.
A combination of Green Tea and Melatonin Consumption Improve Plasma Lipid Profiles in Adults
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi
Published: April 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The green tea prepared with leaves of Camellia sinensis is particularly rich in antioxidants, which seems to have a crucial role in atherogenesis. Melatonin also participates in many physiological functions and exhibit antioxidant activity.The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the effects of green tea drinking and melatonin on the lipid profile in 36 subjects. The lipid profile included the measurement of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a). The measurements were performed at the beginning of the study, and after 3 weeks of drinking 1 L of water, and after 4 weeks of drinking 1 L of green tea daily plus 3mg/day melatonin at night. Tea was prepared every day at the same conditions of temperature, time of infusion, and concentration. After drinking green tea plus melatonin a significant beneficial improvement in the lipid profile of subjects was observed. Our data suggest that drinking green tea plus melatonin have beneficial effects protecting against the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving blood lipid levels.
The Effect of Melatonin Treatment and Exposure to Continuous Darkness on the Reactivity of Smooth Muscles to Drugs in Rats
Authors: Mahdi Estabraq M. , Mosah Hamoudi A.
Published: April 2022

Melatonin is the major secretory product of the pineal gland, playing an integral role in numerous metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes.This study represents an attempt to understand the effect of environmental changes on the responses of a selected isolated tissue to pharmacologicallyactive substances in certain species which may lead to important experimental and clinical implications in future. Twenty male albino wistar rats were dividedinto three experimental groups:Group 1: Control animals, comprising 6 rats were exposed to 12:12 hour light: dark cycle for 4 weeks.Group 2: Composed of 8 rats, was kept in a dark environment for 4 weeks.Group 3: Consisted of 6 rats aged 6-7 weeks, subjected to continuous darkness for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the rats treated daily with s.c melatonin injection at 1.00 p.m. for 7 consecutive days. The result of this study showed that the vas deferens preparation from the third group reacted with significant increase in reactivity to nor-adrenaline and 5-HT than that of control and continuous dark animals.The limitation of time and shortage of materials may be blamed for the kind and quantity of results obtained and the conclusions made. Therefore, further studies with regard to the exposure period have to be undertaken in future to extensively elaborate on this point.