bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trap of Race to the Bottom? Evidence from Pollution Intensive Products Trade in India and China
Authors: Tantri Malini L. , Bhat Varadurga
Published: August 2023

This article compares China and India, the two biggest emerging market economies in the world, with respect to their trade in pollution-intensive industries and tries to discuss the policy environment supporting such growth. The analysis is carried out for 13 categories of pollution-intensive products based on the Standard International Trade Classification Revision 3 classification. Our analysis reveals significant growth in trade in these products in both countries, with a higher intra-industry trade and a significant correlation with environmental stringency. Between the two, India seems to be enjoying a better comparative advantage. Findings suggest a need for adopting cleaner production processes and a cautious approach towards industrial promotion.
“Car, car over all, it has taken a terrible hold of us”: Experiencing automobility in interwar Britain and Germany
Authors: Harris Jacob
Published: August 2023

This article seeks to tell an emotional history of car use through the genre of life-writing, a source whose use in historical mobility research has recently been advocated by Colin Pooley. It focuses on two diarists, Hugh Miller and Victor Klemperer, to uncover what automobility looked and felt like in interwar Britain and Germany, when modern mass motorisation was emerging. It highlights that experiences of automobility were heterogeneous and dependent on social position, combining the excitement and liberty popularly associated with interwar car use with the banal, frustrating and terrifying. Motorists like Miller and Klemperer felt conflicted about automobility and what it represented. Their inner ambivalence points to a unique emotional engagement with the car, which may help to explain its persistence in twentieth-century society and beyond.
Narcofeminism and its multiples: From activism to everyday minoritarian worldbuilding
Authors: Dennis Fay , Pienaar Kiran , Rosengarten Marsha
Published: August 2023

Sociology has a long-standing interest in the consumption of licit and illicit drugs, particularly as a feminist concern with scholars highlighting the ways in which drugs are used as regulatory technologies to control the conduct and subjectivities of women and other marginalised groups. This monograph flips the focus from a feminist sociological concern with drugs as a means of confining minoritised peoples, to explore what they can do as a feminist practice. Employing the drug-user activist concept of ‘narcofeminism’, it aims to rethink how drugs are conceived in sociology and chart their role in shaping selves and worlds. This article introduces the guiding philosophy of the narcofeminist movement as articulated in an interview we conducted with founding narcofeminist activists from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Threaded through the interview are vivid examples of the ingrained and overlapping hostilities that differentially constitute drug consumption practices for women and gender minorities, and the brave acts of resistance they perform in response. In introducing the collection, we foreground a key aim that has guided its development: thinking with the insights of narcofeminism, we have sought to address the complexities of drug use and to hold in focus its potentialities both in terms of its harms and benefits, risks and rewards and, importantly, to reflect on how people navigate these counterposing forces in their situated practices of drug use. We also discuss how the collection advances the sociology of drugs by bridging disciplinary divides and disrupting binary distinctions between licit and illicit drugs, volition and compulsion, pleasure and pain, and discourse and practice, among others. This article provides an overview of the contributions that comprise the monograph, highlighting how they grapple with the ethico-political commitments of narcofeminism to rethink drug consumption as a mode of living, capable of transforming social worlds.
The drinking at home woman: Between alcohol harms and domestic experiments
Authors: Keane Helen
Published: August 2023

This article examines the figure of the ‘drinking at home woman’ as she appeared in the particular cultural and historical location of the Australian COVID-19 lockdowns of 2020 and 2021. It draws on media accounts of women’s drinking which featured in Australian publications during this time. Using the notion of figuration as developed by Claudia Castañeda, the article argues that the woman who drinks at home is enacted as a feminised problem subject, whose alcohol consumption is both a response to harm and a cause of anticipated future harm. More broadly, the drinking at home woman functions as evidence of the harms of moderate drinking in general. The article then explores how a narcofeminist prioritisation of women’s pleasure can sensitise us to the restrictive gender norms which are built into this figure.
Living and responding at the margins: A conversation with narcofeminist activists
Authors: Bessonova Alla , Byelyayeva Olga , Kurcevič Eliza , Plotko Maria ,   Narcofeminist activist, Dennis Fay , Pienaar Kiran , Rosengarten Marsha ,   Simultaneous interpretation by Lyu Azbel
Published: August 2023

On 25 November 2021, the editors of this monograph had the honour and pleasure of talking to five founding members of the narcofeminist activist movement from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. They discuss the history and vision of the movement, the issues confronting women and gender minorities who use drugs, and the significance of the political context of drug prohibition in shaping their experiences. This article documents this conversation as simultaneously interpreted by Lyu Azbel.
The grammar of typically developing Oromo-speaking 3-year-olds
Authors: Fantu Samson , Meyer Ronny
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the grammatical skills of typically developing Oromo-speaking preschool-age children and lays the foundation for a language assessment tool for Oromo, a Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia. The current study used a standard picture–based elicitation task that evaluated children’s accuracy in producing grammatical utterances. Language samples were collected from 44 monolingual 3- to 4-year-old Oromo children with typical language development. The percentage of grammatical utterances (PGU) was computed and error types were analyzed. The average level of grammatical accuracy as measured by PGU was 69%, with a large amount of variability. The data for Oromo 3-year-olds showed a variety of infrequent error types. The results of the study provide crucial foundational knowledge on grammatical development in Oromo, which could form the basis of future language assessments and diagnostic materials.
Do Demographic Increases in LGBT and Nonreligious Americans Increase Threat?
Authors: Mackey Cameron , Rios Kimberly
Published: August 2023

Building on previous research demonstrating that demographic growth of racial minorities increases realistic threat and prejudice among majority group members, we examined whether demographic increases of groups associated with symbolic threat (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender [LGBT] and nonreligious groups) increased realistic threat, symbolic threat, and/or prejudice. In a single-paper meta-analysis across four studies, participants who read that LGBT groups were becoming more prevalent in the United States exhibited heightened perceptions of realistic threat and (especially) symbolic threat from these groups, which in turn predicted anti-LGBT prejudice. Two similar studies examining the growth of nonreligious groups demonstrated weaker effects. Implications for America’s growing diversity and future directions for studying these effects are discussed.
Thinking Big About Going Small: Conceptualizing the Human-Technology Integration Spectrum
Authors: Thyroff Anastasia , Hawkins Matthew A. , Akdevelioglu Duygu
Published: August 2023

As materials are advanced and the distal relationship between consumers and material is diminished, relevant theories (e.g., extended-self and posthumanism) must be revisited to explain the human-technology integration. This research does this by introducing the human technology integration (HTI) spectrum, which describes eight distal levels that material can be integrated within the body (i.e., no contact, touch non-wearable, touch wearable, surface barrier, oral consumption, inhalation, injection, constant contact). We highlight findings of the HTI spectrum by providing relevant examples for each category based on nanotechnology. Well-being, public policy, managerial implications, and future research suggestions are then discussed. This framework helps marketers and policymakers to consider how technology integration impacts the existing institutional political, social, and economic structures and guides them to implement best practices related to human technology integration for consumers and society.
A People’s Sea: Palestine and Popular Thalassopolitics in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kosmatopoulos Nikolas
Published: August 2023

This article draws on fieldwork, interviews, and archival research on the maritime campaign of the International Palestine Solidarity Movement to challenge the embargo on Gaza. I make three main arguments: first, in addressing the Mediterranean Sea as a platform for international solidarity, the Ships to Gaza inadvertently contrived a novel and largely understudied instance of popular politics at sea, which I coin ‘popular thalassopolitics’. I theorize this emergence in its own right and not solely within state-centric analyses or as a mere expansion of the terrestrial plane. This article urges us to read the sea through the lens of internationalist solidarity and the popular politics it invokes. Second, the popular thalassopolitics of the Ships charts and navigates an ‘insurgent terrain’, creatively assembling the well-established activist practice of solidarity vis-à-vis a decades-long indigenous struggle in Palestine with an emerging perception of the sea as a common and shared but dissimilar space for action. Thirdly, I argue that this history of the popular thalassopolitics of the Ships allows us to reread the scholarship on refugee rescue boats and civil activism at sea. This reading inadvertently challenges a Eurocentric bias in the emerging politicization of the sea as a humanitarianism space in which western saviors come to the aid of agentless refugees.

La mer des peuples : La Palestine et la thalassopolitique populaire en mer Méditerranée
‘We are all in this together’: Coping with stress during uncertain times through somatic experiencing
Authors: Özel Dilara
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on all countries and induced excessive stress and anxiety among many who are dealing with this invisible danger. Stress and anxiety originate from a threat, and chronic exposure to stressors results in feeling overwhelmed. When the coping strategies are not effective in a certain situation, the person might demonstrate conditioned reactions like fight, flight, or freeze. Somatic Experiencing (SE) is a resiliency-based approach that focuses on these conditioned responses of the nervous system to support the innate regulatory capacity of the body through interoceptive awareness and bodily sensations. This study aims to increase resiliency factors through a SE-based group counselling process. Two groups, an intervention and control group, each consisting of nine individuals, attended a group process for eight weeks. In addition to these groups, a waitlist control group was formed consisting of 31 people. In addition to pre-and-post individual interviews, The COPE-Revised and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were administered to both experiment groups and the waitlist control group. An ANCOVA analysis found that the group process was statistically significant for both reducing stress and developing coping strategies. Furthermore, as a result of the qualitative content analysis of the interviews, five themes emerged: hope, universality, cohesiveness, insight, and interpersonal output (new behaviour).
Cutting force modeling and control of single crystal silicon using wire saw velocity reciprocation
Authors: Wang Jiabin , Li Shujuan , Liang Lie , Hao Zheng , Liu Feilong , Landers Robert G
Published: August 2023

Single crystal silicon wafers are often used as substrate material for integrated circuits. Often the wafer is cut by a wire with fixed abrasive diamond owning to a narrow kerf and a low cutting force. The cutting force changes during the process as the direction of wire movement continuously reverses (i.e., reciprocates), which may cause the wire saw to break, the wafer to collapse, and the wafer surface roughness to decrease even if the wire saw tension and the contact length between the wire and the wafer are fixed. In this work, a cutting force model including both normal and tangential forces was established to determine the relationship between the normal and tangential forces and the commanded wire speed. Separate controllers were developed to regulate both the normal force and the tangential force by adjusting the wire velocity. Experimental studies were conducted for wire saw processing of single crystal silicon wafers. Compared with a process using constant wire velocity, regulating the normal force can significantly reduce the processing time and the wafer surface roughness. The average improvements in processing time and wafer surface roughness are approximately 11% and 56%, respectively, when using normal force control, and approximately 29% and 30%, respectively, when using tangential force control. The results show that the normal and tangential forces can be well regulated during the machining process. In addition, the wafer surface roughness and machining time were lower in both experiments where the forces were regulated than in the experiment where a constant wire velocity was used. This paper demonstrates that the novel concept of regulating process forces in wire saw machining by adjusting the wire velocity can be used to optimize the cutting process of single crystal silicon, making the process more productive while decreasing the part roughness.
Iron; Benefits or threatens (with emphasis on mechanism and treatment of its poisoning)
Authors: Rafati Rahimzadeh Mehrdad , Rafati Rahimzadeh Mehravar , Kazemi Sohrab , Moghadamnia Ahmad Reza , Ghaemi Amiri Maryam , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar
Published: August 2023

Iron is a necessary biological element and one of the richest in the human body, but it can cause changes in cell function and activity control. Iron is involved in a wide range of oxidation - reduction activities. Whenever iron exceeds the cellular metabolic needs, its excess causes changes in the products of cellular respiration, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl. The formation of these compounds causes cellular toxicity. Lack of control over reactive oxygen species causes damages to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Conversely, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl are reactive oxygen species, using antioxidants, restoring DNA function, and controlling iron stores lead to natural conditions. Iron poisoning causes clinical manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys, and hematopoietic system. When serum iron is elevated, serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin will also increase. Supportive care is provided by whole bowel irrigation (WBI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is required to evaluate mucosal injury and remove undissolved iron tablets. The use of chelator agents such as deferoxamine mesylate, deferasirox, deferiprone, deferitrin are very effective in removing excess iron. Of course, the combined treatment of these chelators plays an important role in increasing iron excretion, and reducing side effects.
HLA-B Matching Prolongs Allograft Survival in Islet Cell Transplantation
Authors: Lemos Joana R. N. , Baidal David A. , Poggioli Raffaella , Fuenmayor Virginia , Chavez Carmen , Alvarez Ana , Ricordi Camillo , Alejandro Rodolfo
Published: August 2023

Islet cell transplantation (ITx) is an effective therapeutic approach for selected patients with type 1 diabetes with hypoglycemia unawareness and severe hypoglycemia events. In organ transplantation, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching between donor and recipient negatively impacts transplant outcomes. We aimed to determine whether HLA matching has an impact on islet allograft survival. Forty-eight patients were followed up after islet transplantation at our institution from 2000 to 2020 in a retrospective cohort. Patients underwent intrahepatic ITx or laparoscopic omental approach. Immunosuppression was dependent upon the protocol. We analyzed HLA data restricted to A, B, and DR loci on allograft survival using survival and subsequent multivariable analyses. Patients were aged 42.8 ± 8.4 years, and 64.3% were female. Diabetes duration was 28.6 ± 11.6 years. Patients matching all three HLA loci presented longer graft survival ( P = 0.030). Patients with ≥1 HLA-B matching had longer graft survival compared with zero matching ( P = 0.025). The number of HLA-B matching was positively associated with time of graft survival (Spearman’s rho = 0.590; P = 0.034). Analyses adjusted for confounders showed that ≥1 matching for HLA-B decreased the risk of allograft failure ( P = 0.009). Our data suggest that HLA-B matching between recipients and donors improved islet allograft survival. Matching all three HLA loci (A, B, and DR) was also associated with prolonged islet allograft survival. Prospective studies and a larger sample size are warranted to validate our findings.
City-Level Violent Crime Trends and Racial-Ethnic Income Inequality
Authors: Cundiff Kelsey
Published: August 2023

Within the crime trends literature, there exist several notable studies that have examined the linkages between various economic measures and trends in violent and property crime. This research expands on that literature by examining whether and to what extent racial income gaps are related to changes in city-level crime. Pulling together data from the Uniform Crime Report, U.S. Census, and American Community Survey, this project focuses on homicide and violent crime trends of 73 cities from 2006 to 2020 and changes in city-level racial-ethnic income gaps. This study employs a series of multilevel longitudinal models to measure whether changes in this income gap, whether widening or constricting, are related to changes in rates of violent crime and homicide both within and between cities. Results find that changes in any of the racial-ethnic income gaps tested are not related to trends in violent crime and homicide within or between cities. However, the inclusion of the White-Hispanic income gap and total income gap explained sizable portions of the between-city and within-city rates of violence and homicide.
Longitudinal Study on Correlations Between Body Image, Physical Activity, and the Subjective Well-Being Among Adolescents Aged 14–16
Authors: Matilainen Noora , Blomberg Hugo , Sollerhed Ann-Christin , Einberg Eva-Lena , Garmy Pernilla
Published: August 2023

This study examined the relationship between physical activity, body image, and subjective well-being among Swedish adolescents over time. Surveying 2308 students, with 137 providing longitudinal data, we conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant correlations were found between physical activity ( p = .268), body functioning ( p = .567), or body appearance ( p = .075) at age 14 and subjective well-being at age 16. Among control variables, sex ( p = .038) and subjective well-being at age 14 ( p = .013) showed significant correlations, while economic status did not ( p = .39). The correlation between a positive subjective well-being at age 14 and age 16 indicates the importance of impacting the sense of well-being early. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the potential long-term correlation between body image and adolescent subjective well-being.
Retroperitoneal Foregut Duplication Cyst Containing Gastric, Respiratory, and Pancreatic Tissue Misinterpreted as an Adrenal Mass on Imaging: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhao Ting , Kwan Melanie , Barrera Christian A. , Shroff Stuti , Oliva Esther
Published: August 2023

Foregut duplication cyst is most commonly seen in the posterior mediastinum without communication with adjacent organs or presence of other malformations and typically shows ectopic gastric or respiratory epithelium. The finding of ectopic pancreatic tissue is extremely rare. A 15-year-old female patient presented with elevated blood pressure, intermittent right flank pain for 18 months. An abdominal MRI revealed a 4 cm right cystic retroperitoneal mass, initially thought to arise from the right adrenal gland. Intraoperatively, the mass was centered in the retroperitoneum between the right adrenal gland and kidney, without attachments to these organs and no communication with other structures, and it was completely excised. Gross examination revealed a 3.5 cm well-circumscribed solid and cystic mass with orange–white cut surface and cloudy fluid surrounded by variable amounts of adipose tissue. On microscopic examination, the cysts were lined by respiratory and gastric antral/oxyntic-type mucosa, surrounded by muscularis mucosae, submucosal tissue, muscularis propria, and perienteric tissue. Within the muscular propria, exocrine pancreatic tissue was also noted. The patient is well with 7-months of follow up. This case is the first one reporting gastric, respiratory, and pancreatic epithelia.
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With Syncytial-Type Multinucleated Giant Tumor Cells: A Clinicopathologic Study of 14 Cases
Authors: Nova-Camacho Luiz M. , Sangoi Ankur R.
Published: August 2023

The presence of syncytial-type multinucleated giant tumor cells with emperipolesis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is uncommon, with only 31 cumulative published cases to date. After a rereview of 125 clear cell RCC of World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology grade 3 or 4, 14 clear cell RCCs with admixed syncytial-type giant cells (to our knowledge, the largest series to date) were found with a mean patient age of 67 years and with no sex difference (M = 7, F = 7). Mean tumor size was 7.3 cm. The syncytial-type giant cells comprised between 2% and 20% of the tumor and were present mainly around areas of necrosis. Five tumors were staged as pT1 or pT2, 8 as pT3, and 1 as pT4. Other findings included sarcomatoid differentiation (3/14), rhabdoid differentiation (4/14), and emperipolesis (12/14). Positive immunostains included keratin AE1/AE3 (13/13), carbonic anhydrase 9 and CD10 (12/14 each), vimentin (8/14), EMA (5/12), and alpha-methyacyl-CoA racemase (3/12). Keratin 7, keratin 20, human melanoma black 45, KIT, TFE3, cathepsin K, CD68, CD61, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin were negative. Six of 13 patients had recurrence or metastases during a mean follow-up time of 56 months. Four of 13 patients died of disease, 2 of 13 patients were alive with the disease, and 7 of 13 patients had no evidence of disease. Although the incidence of finding syncytial-type multinucleated giant tumor cells in clear cell RCC is low (approximately 1.2%), given that a subset of the patients showed poor outcomes while lacking other poor histologic parameters (eg, sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation), it may be prudent to recognize and report this feature when encountered.
An analytical model for nanoscale flexoelectric doubly curved shells
Authors: Xie Jinchen , McAvoy Ryan , Linder Christian
Published: August 2023

The phenomenon of flexoelectricity, wherein the generation of electrical polarization results from strain gradients, has garnered significant attention in electromechanics. This phenomenon holds immense potential for diverse applications in nanoelectromechanical systems. Doubly curved shells present a particularly compelling structure for implementing flexoelectric devices, representing the most general scenario. To comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior of nanoscale flexoelectric doubly curved shells, we present a novel analytical model in this study. Our model incorporates a reformulated strain gradient elasticity theory, a modified expression of electric enthalpy density considering Maxwell’s self-field gradient, and a moderately thick shell configuration. To further elucidate this model, we establish complete formulations and analytical solutions of static bending and free vibration problems. This study reveals the crucial roles that various parameters such as principal curvature radii, length scale parameters, transverse structural sizes, and the Winkler–Pasternak foundation play in controlling the mechanical behavior of nanoscale flexoelectric doubly curved shells. These theoretical findings offer valuable insights into the design of nanodevices based on the direct flexoelectric effect.
Exploring Food Waste at a Hospitality Staff Canteen With Meteorological Data
Authors: Lei Soey Sut Ieng , Agyeiwaah Elizabeth , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , Choe Ja Young (Jacey)
Published: August 2023

While food waste in the hospitality industry remains a major global issue, the food waste practices of employees have been largely neglected. This paper explores the effects of meteorological factors on unserved food from the perspective of hospitality employees. A mixed methods research design is adopted with quantitative data obtained from the unserved food records of an integrated resort (IR) with additional meteorological data from an official government website. This quantitative data is complemented by in-depth interviews with employees of the IR. The results of the quantitative study indicate that high mean temperatures and higher average sulfur dioxide and ozone levels significantly influence the amount of unserved food. Further exploration of the quantitative study results through qualitative interviews reveals the mechanism that underlies the impact of meteorological factors on the amount of unserved food. Managerial implications are provided for hospitality firms to mitigate food waste in the workplace.
Paying a Premium for Green-Label Hotels: The Role of the Mismatched Hotel-OTA Involvement
Authors: Wei Chunhao (Victor) , Lu Lan , Chen Han , Lee Yee Ming
Published: August 2023

Understanding how green hotels can gain marketing advantages could motivate hoteliers to adopt green practices during construction and operation. This study investigates the mediation role of perceived psychological benefits on consumers’ environmental concerns and their willingness to pay a measurable premium for green-label hotels. Data gathered from 540 Chinese consumers revealed that a mismatch between the involvement of hotels and online travel agencies (OTAs) hampers the relationship between environmental concerns and perceived psychological benefits of booking green-label hotels on OTAs, further influencing consumers’ willingness to pay a premium. This research uncovers an overlooked but crucial factor that reduces consumer satisfaction with the hotel-choice process and why it makes consumers willing to pay a premium for green-label hotels. Drawing from the findings, recommendations are also proffered for hoteliers to conceive and execute green marketing tactics.
“It's frustrating … I didn’t join to sit behind a desk”: Police paperwork as a source of organizational stress
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Carbonell Marina , Ferguson Lorna , Huey Laura
Published: August 2023

Police officers are responsible for both proactive and reactive policing; however, every call for service, at a minimum, equates to an administrative process that is time-consuming and appears to distract from the ability of police officers to do their investigative and community-oriented police work. In this article, we explore the administrative processes that are paperwork as a source of organizational stress. Specifically, we draw on researcher observational field notes, focus groups, as well as interview data discussing the paperwork processes as a part of and contributing to the organizational and operational stressors experienced by, and the psychological burden and its effects on, police officers in a provincial policing agency in Canada. Results indicate not only the sheer volume of paperwork that police are responsible for, but also the extended time being spent “catching up” administratively and the psychological implications of such processes on their well-being, including, for example, decreased morale, frustration, and feeling overwhelmed.
Prevalence and determinants of safety equipment use: Analysis from a national dataset of law enforcement officers in the US
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Taylor Bruce , Mumford Elizabeth A
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the rates of law enforcement officers’ (LEOs) consistent use of body armor, seat belts and reflective vests, and the relationship between officer and agency characteristics and the likelihood of consistent use of safety equipment with data from a nationally representative sample of close to 3000 LEOs in the US. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the national prevalence of officers’ consistent use of safety equipment. Three separate multivariable logistic regression models were fit to test relationships between the agency and officer characteristics and LEO use for the three types of safety equipment: body armor, seat belts, and reflective vests. Although most agencies had written policies mandating the on-duty use of safety equipment, only two-thirds of the officers reported consistent use of body armor and seat belts, and only one-third reported consistent use of reflective vests. Significant associations were observed between agency and officer characteristics and safety equipment use, illustrating the importance of targeted efforts to improve consistency in LEOs’ safety equipment use.
Citizenship education through high school history in Turkey
Authors: Kuş Zafer , Mert Hilal
Published: August 2023

This research was undertaken to better understand how the teaching of high school history contributes to citizenship education in Turkey. To achieve this goal, we focused on two main research questions. First, what does the history curriculum in Turkey include regarding citizenship education? Second, what do history educators think about contributing to citizenship education? Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research designs, was applied while seeking the answers to these research questions. Data diversity was ensured, and the history curriculum was analyzed in the first stage of the study. In the second stage, using a semi-structured interview protocol, interviews were conducted with history educators as the relevant curriculum implementers and the findings were examined using content analysis. It was found that the relationship between citizenship and history education is mainly centered on national identity construction. History courses promote democratic and global citizenship to a very limited extent, and, for a variety of reasons, the high school history curriculum of Turkey falls short of achieving the objectives of democratic citizenship education.
Dynamic Changes of Cytokine Profiles and Their Correlation With Tumor Recurrence Following Thermal Ablation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Dandan , Qin Ling , Sun Jianping , Li Kang , Zang Chaoran , Wang Qi , Qiao Wenying , Liu Biyu , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yonghong
Published: August 2023

The 5-year recurrence rate of thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is high, and whether this treatment strategy induces systemic immune response remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thermal ablation on HCC patients’ cytokine profiles and to explore the correlation of cytokine profiles with tumor recurrence after ablation. A total of 22 HCC patients were included in this prospective study. The levels of 27 cytokines in the peripheral blood of HCC patients were measured before ablation (baseline), week 1, and week 4 after ablation using a Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit. Cytokines showed different dynamic changing trends after ablation treatment. It was found that the level of IL-6 was significantly elevated at week 1 and returned to the baseline level at week 4 after ablation. The level of IL-10 was slightly reduced at week 1 and significantly decreased at week 4. The levels of MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and TNF-α were similarly reduced at week 1 and increased at week 4. The levels of IL-17, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) showed little to no change at week 1 while an observable increase at week 4. Patients with a high IL-10 level (2.99 pg/ml) at baseline and low levels of TNF-α (20.4 pg/ml), PDGF-BB (107.78 pg/ml), and RANTES (2303.94 pg/ml) at week 4 were at risk of tumor recurrence during 1-year follow-up. The results suggested that thermal ablation activated systemic immune responses by changing the levels of cytokines. The results also demonstrated that measurement of IL-10 at baseline, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, and RANTES at week 4 after ablation might predict the risk of tumor recurrence.
Accurate Embolization for Endoleak after F-TEVAR of Thoracic Aortic Dissection by Detachable Coils
Authors: Xu Tianze , Jin Yi , Tang Tao , Tong Yuanhao , Liu Chen , Qiao Tong , Zhou Min , Yu Tong , Wang Wei , Zhang Ming , Ran Feng , Liu Changjian , Wang Chao , Shi Yinhuan , Li Wendong , Li Xiaoqiang , Liu Zhao
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of accurate embolization of endoleaks after fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair (F-TEVAR) for thoracic aortic dissections.

Methods

Twenty patients with endoleaks (17 type I and 3 type II) after fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair (F-TEVAR) were embolized using detachable and ordinary coils. We assessed the success rate and complications of the operation, and its effects, through clinical and CT follow-up.

Results

The mean clinical follow-up duration was 25.68 ± 11.07 months (3–44 months). During follow-up, all endoleaks were completely embolized and aortic remodeling was improved. Secondary endoleaks occurred in four patients who were embolized twice. No other complications or death were reported.

Conclusion

Embolization using detachable and ordinary coils is effective and safe for the treatment of endoleaks after fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair.
Association between statin-use and mobility and long-term survival after major lower limb amputation
Authors: Wafi Arsalan , Kolli Vijay , Ribeiro Luis , Azhar Bilal , Budge James , Chawla Shreya , Moxey Paul , Loftus Ian M. , Holt Peter J. E.
Published: August 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between statin-use and prosthetic mobility and long-term survival in patients receiving rehabilitation after major amputation for lower limb arterial disease.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data (2008–2020) from a centre for rehabilitation was performed. Patients were grouped by statin-use status and sub-grouped by the combination of statin and antithrombotic drugs (antiplatelets or anticoagulants). Outcomes were prosthetic mobility (SIGAM score, timed-up-go and 2-min walking distance) and long-term survival. Regression, Kaplan–Meier and Cox-proportional hazard analyses were performed to test associations adjusted to confounders.

Results

Of 771 patients, 499 (64.7%) were on a statin before amputation or prescribed a statin peri-operatively. Rate of statin-use was significantly lower among female (53.3%) compared to male (68.2%) patients, P < 0.001. Statin-use was associated with significantly better prosthetic independence (53.1% vs 44.1%, P = 0.017), timed-up-go (mean difference of 4 s, P = 0.04) and long-term survival HR 0.59 (0.48–0.72, P < 0.001). Significance persisted after adjusting for confounding factors and in subgroup analyses. The combination of statin with antiplatelet was associated with the most superior survival, HR 0.51 (0.40–0.65, P < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis (exclusion of non-users of prosthesis) showed that statin-use remained a significant indicator of longer survival, maximally when combined with antiplatelet use HR 0.52 (0.39–0.68, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Statin-use is associated with better mobility and long-term survival in rehabilitees after limb loss, particularly when used in combination with antiplatelets. Significantly lower rates of statin-use were observed in female patients. Further research is warranted on gender disparities in statin-use and causality in their association with improved mobility and survival.
English academy football practitioners’ perceptions of training load, maturation and injury risk: A club case study
Authors: Johnson David , Williams Sean , Bekker Sheree , Bradley Ben , Cumming Sean
Published: August 2023

The management of training load in youth team-sport athletes is important. There is, however, a lack of research on practitioners’ perceptions and understandings of managing training load during this period and what this means in terms of maturational status and injury risk. This study aimed to investigate academy football practitioners’ perceptions and understanding of training load, maturation and injury risk in young male footballers. Coaches, sports scientists, medical staff and key stakeholders from a professional football club academy in England participated in focus groups investigating their understanding and perceptions of training load, maturation and injury risk. A qualitative descriptive methodology utilising framework analysis was used to capture and better understand participants’ views. Findings revealed that practitioners consider managing training load during adolescence to be comprised of, and mediated by, three key elements: club philosophy, factors inside the club's control (periodisation strategy; staff member practice), and factors outside the club's control (life load; growth and maturation). This study is an important addition to the current literature on managing injuries through the growth spurt by investigating how different stakeholders perceive training load, maturation and potential strategies to mitigate risk.
Efficacy and safety of oral beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide MMX versus 5-aminosalicylates or placebo in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Marsilio Ilaria , Buda Andrea , Bertin Luisa , Semprucci Gianluca , Zanini Annalisa , Crepaldi Martina , Zingone Fabiana , Savarino Edoardo
Published: August 2023

Background:

Low bioavailability steroids, including beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide MMX, have been developed to ensure colonic targeting and low systemic activity than systematic corticosteroids in treating patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Objectives:

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of BDP and budesonide MMX® compared with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASAs) or placebo, in patients with mild-to-moderate UC.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials from inception to December 2021. We included all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral BDP or budesonide MMX with 5-ASAs or with placebo in induction of remission of mild-to-moderate UC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:

We identified two RCTs comparing BDP 5 mg with 5-ASA, one RCTs comparing BDP 10 mg with 5-ASA, two RCTs BDP 5 mg versus placebo, one RCT BDP 10 mg versus placebo, two RCTs budesonide MMX 9 mg versus 5-ASA, and six RCTs budesonide MMX 9 mg versus placebo. In terms of achieving clinical remission or improvement, BDP 5 mg, BDP 10 mg, and budesonide MMX 9 mg were more effective than placebo (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.37–4.08; OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.02–4.87; and OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.45–2.85, respectively). The drugs were also more effective than placebo in achieving endoscopic remission. Regarding the comparisons with 5-ASA, we found no differences between 5-ASA and BDP 5 mg or BDP 10 mg or budesonide MMX 9 mg in achieving clinical remission or improvement (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.51–1.57; OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.42–5.64; and OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.82–1.66). However, 5-ASA was more effective than budesonide MMX 9 mg in achieving histological remission (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16–0.70). Overall, all the drugs were safe and well tolerated.

Conclusion:

Low bioavailability steroids were more effective than placebo in achieving clinical remission, clinical and endoscopic remission, and histological remission. No differences were found between 5-ASA and BDP or budesonide MMX. Surely, more RCTs, also comparing BDP and budesonide MMX, are mandatory to confirm or not these results.
The precise location of “Midshaft” clavicle fractures: Scrimmaging from the 42 yard-line
Authors: Agyeman Kofi D , Abboud Joseph A , Kalandiak Steven P , Levy Jonathan C , Murthi Anand M , Jamgochian Grant , Fares Mohamad Y , Govey Peter M
Published: August 2023

Background

The realities of midshaft clavicle fracture distribution have not been described accurately. Consequently, a topographical depiction of midshaft clavicle fractures may help design implants that are more anatomically concordant with the fractured clavicle, leading to better outcomes and fewer complications.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study. One-hundred sixty-six surgically treated midshaft clavicle fractures of four fellowship-trained shoulder surgeons were evaluated to determine the precise “location” of the fracture on standard radiographs. This location was determined by noting the lateral, central, and medial endpoint of each fracture, expressed as a percentage (0%–100%) of the distance from the lateral to the medial end of the clavicle.

Results

Fractures on average began at the 36% line (SD = 6%), were centered at the 42% line (SD = 6%), and ended at the 48% line (SD = 7%). Ninety percent of fractures were centered lateral to the midpoint, and 64% were completely lateral to the midpoint. Thirty-two percent of midshaft fractures extended into the lateral third of the clavicle, but no fractures extended into the medial third.

Conclusion

Midshaft clavicle fractures in skeletally mature individuals appear to occur predominantly within the lateral metadiaphyseal half of the clavicle, and rarely extend into the medial third. Industry professionals and surgeons alike should consider this when designing and selecting implants. To note, our study relied on two-dimensional radiographs, and future studies should work on fully capturing the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the clavicle.

Level of evidence

IV.
Efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with previous malignancy
Authors: Kunishita Yosuke , Ichikawa Kento , Uzawa Yuji , Mitsuhashi Masaki , Yoshioka Yuji , Okubo Tadanobu , Nagaoka Shouhei
Published: August 2023

Background:

Abatacept (ABT) is known to lower infection risk than other biologics and is effective and safe in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there were inconsistent reports on the impact of ABT on malignancies which are more common in the elderly and strongly related to prognosis.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ABT in patients with RA with previous malignancy in clinical practice.

Design:

A multicenter, retrospective study.

Methods:

Patients who received ABT for RA in two hospitals in Yokohama until May 2022 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a history of malignancy (no previous malignancy: NP group, previous malignancy: PM group). The collected parameters were compared between the groups using propensity score matching.

Results:

In this study, 312 patients were included, of whom 73 had previous malignancies when starting ABT. The age at ABT initiation was significantly higher in the PM group, the rate of methotrexate use was significantly lower in the PM group, and the Steinbrocker stage was significantly higher in the PM group. After matching these 3 factors, 68 patients were selected from each group. No significant differences in the ABT continuation rate, and malignancy incidence were observed between the two groups after ABT initiation. In addition to these factors, when matched for smoking history, interstitial lung disease, disease duration, sex, and inflammatory status, which are known risk factors for malignancy in RA, 40 patients were selected from each group. No significant differences in the ABT continuation rate, and malignancy incidence were observed between the two groups after ABT initiation.

Conclusion:

In our clinical practice, ABT was as effective and safe in patients with a history of malignancy as in those without.
Fractional nitric oxide measurement in exhaled air (FeNO): perspectives in the management of respiratory diseases
Authors: Ragnoli Beatrice , Radaeli Alessandro , Pochetti Patrizia , Kette Stefano , Morjaria Jaymin , Malerba Mario
Published: August 2023

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) production, upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and mediators in central and peripheral airways, can be easily and non-invasively detected in exhaled air in asthma and other respiratory conditions as a promising tool for disease monitoring. The American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society released recommendations that standardize the measurement of the fractional exhaled NO (FeNO). In asthma, increased FeNO reflects eosinophilic-mediated inflammatory pathways and, as a biomarker of T2 inflammation can be used to identify asthma T2 phenotype. In this setting its measurement has shown to be an important tool especially in the diagnostic process, in the assessment and evaluation of poor adherence or predicting positive response to inhaled corticosteroids treatment, in phenotyping severe asthma patients and as a biomarker to predict the response to biologic treatments. The discovery of the role of NO in the pathogenesis of different diseases affecting the airways and the possibility to estimate the predominant site of increased NO production has provided new insight on its regulatory role in the airways, making it suitable for a potential extended use in clinical practice for different pulmonary diseases, even though its role remains less clear than in asthma. Monitoring FeNO in pulmonary obstructive lung diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnea and other pulmonary diseases is still under debate but has opened up a window to the role NO may play in the management of these diseases. The use of FeNO is reliable, cost effective and recommendable in both adults and children, and should be implemented in the management of patients with asthma and other respiratory conditions.
Planetary rural geographies
Authors: Wang Chi-Mao , Maye Damian , Woods Michael
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes planetary rural geographies to counter the narrative of planetary urbanisation, which has contended that the whole planet has been urbanised and can be understood through urban theory without an outside. Whilst critics have challenged the metrophilia inherent to planetary urbanisation, advanced post-colonial critiques, and posited alternative models of ruralisation, we argue that these responses fall short of fully embracing the radical potential of a planetary perspective. We call for planetary rural geographies that examine rural places as sites of interaction between diverse more-than-human relations that extend above and below the Earth surface and contend that the configuration of human–environment interactions at the ‘rural’ end of urban–rural relations is critical to addressing planetary crises. We elaborate this argument by focusing on three geographies of planetary rurality: as a space of crisis, as a space of conflict, and as a space of hope, evidenced by examples drawn from the global rural literature.