bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEFINABILITY OF HENSELIAN VALUATIONS BY CONDITIONS ON THE VALUE GROUP
Authors: KRAPP LOTHAR SEBASTIAN , KUHLMANN SALMA , LINK MORITZ
Published: April 2022

Given a Henselian valuation, we study its definability (with and without parameters) by examining conditions on the value group. We show that any Henselian valuation whose value group is not closed in its divisible hull is definable in the language of rings, using one parameter. Thereby we strengthen known definability results. Moreover, we show that in this case, one parameter is optimal in the sense that one cannot obtain definability without parameters. To this end, we present a construction method for a t-Henselian non-Henselian ordered field elementarily equivalent to a Henselian field with a specified value group.
Decoupling Topological Explanations from Mechanisms
Authors: Kostić Daniel , Khalifa Kareem
Published: April 2022

We provide three innovations to recent debates about whether topological or “network” explanations are a species of mechanistic explanation. First, we more precisely characterize the requirement that all topological explanations are mechanistic explanations and show scientific practice to belie such a requirement. Second, we provide an account that unifies mechanistic and non-mechanistic topological explanations, thereby enriching both the mechanist and autonomist programs by highlighting when and where topological explanations are mechanistic. Third, we defend this view against some powerful mechanist objections. We conclude from this that topological explanations are autonomous from their mechanistic counterparts.
Petrogenesis of a nepheline syenite from parts of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex: implications for Neoproterozoic crustal extension in the East Indian Shield
Authors: Das Satabdi , Sinha Deepak K , Sanyal Sanjoy , Karmakar Subrata , Panigrahi Biswajit , Roy Choudhury Sirina , Sengupta Shyamal , Sengupta Pulak
Published: April 2022

The North Purulia Shear Zone that dissects the granulite basement of the Chotanagpur Granite Gneissic Complex of the East Indian Shield exposes a deformed and metamorphosed nepheline syenite. The studied ‘foid-monzosyenite’ shows high abundances of large ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements with low abundances of compatible elements. Trace-element signatures show negative U, Th, Zr, Ti and Pb and positive Sr, Ba and Eu anomalies with respect to the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized diagram shows strongly fractionated rare earth element patterns ((La/Lu)N ∼23–87). Geochemical fingerprints suggest that the basanitic protolith was formed by low-degree partial melting of garnet peridotite in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The enriched large ion lithophile, high field strength element and light rare earth element concentrations (relative to primitive mantle) can be explained by a mixed mantle source with components from a previously deformed alkaline rock/carbonatite. Geochemical data do not support any significant crustal contamination and suggest variable fractionation of clinopyroxene, ilmenite, titanite and apatite from the parental melt. Petrological data are consistent with the view that the nepheline syenite magma was emplaced in a rift setting with a minimum temperature of 800–900°C, low fO2 conditions (below the fayalite–magnetite–quartz buffer) at a mid-crustal depth between 950 and 900 Ma. The continental rift zone, however, did not lead to the formation of an open ocean basin. Subsequently, the studied rock and its basement was deformed and metamorphosed in a continent–continent collisional setting at ∼900 Ma. Combining information from the other Indian occurrences with this study, it is demonstrated that the deformed alkaline rocks and carbonatite are potentially valuable for tracing the birth and demise of the palaeo-supercontinents.
Autism, autistic traits and multiple risk behaviours in adolescence: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Ly Amanda , Heron Jon , Rai Dheeraj , Wright Caroline
Published: April 2022

Background

Multiple risk behaviours (MRBs), typically beginning in adolescence, are associated with increased risk of adverse health and social outcomes. The association between autism and MRBs is little understood.

Methods

Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, an UK-based longitudinal, birth cohort study. Exposures were diagnosed autism and four autistic traits: social communication difficulties, pragmatic language, repetitive behaviours and reduced sociability. Outcomes were participation in up to 14 risk behaviours, including alcohol consumption, smoking, risky sexual behaviours and physical inactivity. Outcome data were collected at ages approximately 12, 14, 16 and 18.

Results

Up to 4300 participants were included in latent basis growth curve analyses with adjustment for confounders. Social communication difficulties were associated with an above average level of MRBs engagement at ~12 years (mean difference β 0.26; 95% CI 0.13–0.40), and above average rate of engagement from ages ~12–18 (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.02–0.13). Repetitive behaviours were associated with above average levels of engagement in MRBs at ~12 years (β 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.38). Contrastingly, reduced sociability was associated with a reduced rate of engagement in MRBs from ages ~12–18 (β −0.06; 95% CI −0.11 to −0.02). In sex-specific analyses, persisting differences in MRB engagement patterns from ages ~12–18 were observed in males with social communication difficulties and females with reduced sociability temperament.

Conclusions

Having elevated levels of some autistic traits appear to have differentiated effects on MRB engagement patterns. These findings could reflect difficulties fitting in and/or coping mechanisms relating to difficulties with fitting in.
Trends in suicide attempts and suicide deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Taipei City, Taiwan: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Su Yi-Jen , Yu Hsiu-Ting , Liu Ting-Yu , Lu Kuan-Hung , Tu Chung-Chieh , Lin Yu-Ching , Chen Ran-Chou
Published: April 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global health crisis that may cause mental health problems and heighten suicide risk. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in suicide attempts and suicide deaths in New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Methods

The current study used the official daily data on suicide attempts and deaths in New Taipei City, Taiwan (4 million inhabitants) between 2015 and 2020 from the Taiwan National Suicide Prevention Reporting System. Interrupted time-series (ITS) analyses with parameters corrected by the estimated autocorrelations were applied on weekly aggregated data to examine whether the suicide trends during the early COVID-19 pandemic (late January to July 2020) deviated from previous trends (January 2015 to late January 2020). The impact due to the suicide prevention policy change was also examined (since August 2020).

Results

ITS analyses revealed no significant increases in both mean and trend on weekly suicide deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the policy change. In contrast, there was a significant increasing trend in weekly suicide attempts since the COVID-19 outbreak at the rate of 1.54 attempts per week (95% confidence interval 0.49–2.60; p = 0.004). Sex difference analysis revealed that, however, this increasing trend was observed only in females not in males.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic has different impacts on suicides attempts and deaths during the early pandemic in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The COVID-19 outbreak drastically increased the trend of suicide attempts. In contrast, the number of suicide deaths had remained constant in the investigated periods.
TESTING FOR UNOBSERVED HETEROGENEOUS TREATMENT EFFECTS WITH OBSERVATIONAL DATA
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chin , Huang Ta-Cheng , Xu Haiqing
Published: April 2022

Unobserved heterogeneous treatment effects have been emphasized in the recent policy evaluation literature (see, e.g., Heckman and Vytlacil (2005, Econometrica 73, 669–738)). This paper proposes a nonparametric test for unobserved heterogeneous treatment effects in a treatment effect model with a binary treatment assignment, allowing for individuals’ self-selection to the treatment. Under the standard local average treatment effects assumptions, i.e., the no defiers condition, we derive testable model restrictions for the hypothesis of unobserved heterogeneous treatment effects. Furthermore, we show that if the treatment outcomes satisfy a monotonicity assumption, these model restrictions are also sufficient. Then, we propose a modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov-type test which is consistent and simple to implement. Monte Carlo simulations show that our test performs well in finite samples. For illustration, we apply our test to study heterogeneous treatment effects of the Job Training Partnership Act on earnings and the impacts of fertility on family income, where the null hypothesis of homogeneous treatment effects gets rejected in the second case but fails to be rejected in the first application.
The ICC and the situation in Afghanistan: A critical examination of the role of the Pre-Trial Chambers in the initiation of investigations proprio motu
Authors: Chigowe Lloyd T.
Published: April 2022

One of the revolutionary aspects of the Rome Statute was the decision to grant the Prosecutor the power to trigger the International Criminal Court’s (ICC or the Court) jurisdiction in the absence of a state or United Nations Security Council referral. To guard against the abuse of this power, the Prosecutor was granted the power to initiate investigations proprio motu subject to a caveat that the decision to initiate investigations will be reviewed by the Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) pursuant to Article 15(4) of the Statute. The interpretation of this provision came under the spotlight in the situation in Afghanistan where a turf battle between the Prosecutor and the PTC over the control of Prosecutor-initiated investigations emerged. While the Appeals Chamber’s decision to authorize investigations in Afghanistan gave a lifeline to the Prosecutor’s power to initiate investigations, it also raises questions regarding the extent of the PTC’s powers vis-à-vis the Prosecutor’s decision to initiate investigations. This article argues that the Appeals Chamber erred in its finding that the PTC has no review powers over the Prosecutor’s decision to open investigations. It further argues that the Appeals Chamber erred in its determination of the factors which the PTC must take into account when it considers the Prosecutor’s request to initiate investigations. The article argues that the decision undermines the balance of power between the Prosecutor and the PTC which was an important consideration for some states when they agreed to be part of the Rome Statute. The article also contests the Prosecutor and the Court’s interpretation of Article 18 of the Statute.
Super telescopic catheter system parallel to a contralateral stiff guide wire to cross extremely complex pulmonary arteries
Authors: Piccinelli Enrico , Bautista-Rodriguez Carles , Fraisse Alain
Published: April 2022

Access to complex stenotic pulmonary arteries can be challenging due to their anatomy or secondary to prior multiple surgeries and interventions. Two techniques have been previously described to address this issue: the telescopic catheter-in-long sheath parallel to a stiff guidewire technique and the use of a microcatheter in a telescopic scope. We integrated and modified these techniques creating a super telescopic system with a SuperCross® microcatheter-in-catheter-in-long sheath, parallel to a contralateral stiff guidewire to access a previously repaired and stented left pulmonary artery. The stiff wire support and the 90° flexiblity of the Supercross® microcatheter assembled coaxial to the diagnostic catheter and the long sheath contributed to the successful ballooning and stenting-in-stent of the pulmonary artery.
Inferior sinus venosus defect and anomalous hepatic venous return to the coronary sinus leading to an Eisenmenger syndrome
Authors: Tajouri Asma , Batteux Clément , Ly Reaksmei , Houyel Lucile , Hascoet Sebastien
Published: April 2022

Inferior sinus venosus defect associated with left hepatic vein drainage to the coronary sinus is an extremely rare condition. We report the case of a 41-year-old man suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension related to this unusual CHD. Planning of heart–lung transplantation in this case required accurate anatomical description.
Late bacterial endocarditis after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Nishioka Makiko , Hoshino Kenji , Ugaki Shinya
Published: April 2022

Percutaneous atrial septal defect closure is widely used as an alternative to surgical repair in many hospitals. Infective endocarditis related to occluding devices is commonly known, but following that atrial septal defect closure with a device in a child is rare. This report describes an 11-year-old girl who developed late-stage bacterial endocarditis following incomplete endothelialisation after a percutaneous procedure.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a child with single-ventricle disease
Authors: Takamizawa Koichi , Ono Shin , Saito Naka , Ueda Hideaki
Published: April 2022

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, a disease that causes transient contractile abnormalities mainly in the left ventricular apex, is rarely reported in children, especially in those with single-ventricle disease. A 4-year-old boy with a single right ventricle was transferred to our hospital following a severe seizure and was diagnosed with takotsubo cardiomyopathy by echocardiography. His cardiac function improved; however, he developed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Cognitive impairment in hoarding disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Stumpf Bárbara P. , de Souza Leonardo C. , Mourão Marina S.F. , Rocha Fábio L. , Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Barbosa Izabela G.
Published: April 2022

Objective

In the present study, we aimed to perform a systematic review evaluating the cognitive performance of patients with hoarding disorder (HD) compared with controls. We hypothesized that HD patients would present greater cognitive impairment than controls.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and LILACS was conducted on May 2020, with no date limit. The search terms were “hoarding disorder,” “cognition,” “neuropsychology,” “cognitive impairment,” and “cognitive deficit.” We included original studies assessing cognitive functioning in patients with HD.

Results

We retrieved 197 studies initially. Of those, 22 studies were included in the present study. We evaluated 1757 patients who were 41 to 72 years old. All selected studies comprised case–control studies and presented fair quality. Contrary to our hypothesis, HD patients showed impairment only in categorization skills in comparison with controls, particularly at confidence to complete categorization tasks. Regarding attention, episodic memory, working memory, information-processing speed, planning, decision-making, inhibitory control, mental flexibility, language, and visuospatial ability, HD patients did not show impairment when compared with controls. There is a paucity of studies on social cognition in HD patients, although they may show deficits. The impact of emotion in cognition is also understudied in HD patients.

Conclusion

Except for categorization skills, the cognitive performance in HD patients does not seem to be impaired when compared with that in controls. Further work is needed to explore social cognition and the impact of emotion in cognitive performance in HD patients.
Clinical Management of Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Telepsychiatry Use During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bessonova Leona , Keane Elizabeth , Achtyes Eric , Harvey Philip D. , Kane John M. , Saklad Stephen R. , Trotter Jeffrey , Claxton Amy , Hatfield Tiffany , McGrory James , Noori Wahidullah , O’Sullivan Amy K. , Biber Joshua E. , Kessler Asia Sikora , Yarlas Aaron , Velligan Dawn I.
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted care of patients with schizophrenia treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). This study examined how clinics adapted operations to maintain a standard of care for these patients after pandemic onset.

Methods

Online surveys were completed in October-November 2020 by one principal investigator (PI) or PI-appointed designee at 35 clinics participating in OASIS (NCT03919994). Items concerned pandemic impacts on clinic operations, particularly telepsychiatry, and on the care of patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs.

Results

All 35 clinics reported using telepsychiatry; 20 (57%) implemented telepsychiatry after pandemic onset. Telepsychiatry visits increased from 12%-15% to 45%-69% across outpatient visit types after pandemic onset; frequency of no-show and/or canceled telepsychiatry visits decreased by approximately one-third. Nearly half of clinics increased the frequency of telepsychiatry visits for patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs. Approximately one-third of participants each reported switching patients treated with LAIs to longer injection interval LAIs or to oral antipsychotics. The most common system/clinic- and patient-related barrier for telepsychiatry visits was lower reimbursement rate and access to technology/reliable internet, respectively. Almost all participants (94%) were satisfied with telepsychiatry for maintaining care of patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs; most predicted a hybrid of telepsychiatry and office visits post-pandemic.

Conclusions

Changes made by clinics after pandemic onset were viewed by almost all participants as satisfactory for maintaining a standard of care for patients with schizophrenia treated with LAIs. Most participants predicted continuing telepsychiatry to support patient care post-pandemic; equitable access to telepsychiatry will be important in this regard.

Funding

Alkermes, Inc.
Diagnostic Dilemma in Psychiatry: Disease of the Mind or the Media?
Authors: Syed Shahan , Robinson Julianna , Reddington Bridget
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Delusions, such as belief in conspiracy theories (CT), exist on a continuum representing clinical and subclinical populations. Some individuals are more susceptible to CT belief. Social media has allowed conspiracy theories to spread relatively unchecked. We report a previously healthy male hospitalized for delusions and reckless behavior. We analyze potential risk factors affecting this patient.

Case Presentation

A 54-year-old Caucasian male presents with worsening persecutory and grandiose delusions over the past 6 months. An active participant in conspiracy theory-related online forums, he believes he has sensitive information regarding the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He endorses delusions of surveillance and tracking by family members, citing these concerns prompted him to rely on public transportation and prepaid cell phones, and even trespassing on U.S. Navy property. On evaluation, the patient prompts the team to review his collection of classified evidence claiming government involvement in a global sex trafficking operation. When challenged, the patient becomes argumentative, citing social media sources. He shows no evidence of overt depression, mania, or post-traumatic stress. The patient’s level of functioning is reduced but not markedly impaired and he maintains employment. CBC, CMP, noncontrast head CT, CXR, and EKG are unremarkable. Cannabinoids are found on UTOX. He has a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score of 23/49 (positive), 10/49 (negative), and 31/112 (General Psychopathology), and Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale score of 19/24.

Discussion

Conspiracy theories (CT) are the result of an altered perception of reality. Belief in CT correlates with negative social, health, and civic outcomes, including increased tolerance to violent and antisocial behavior. Magical thinking, trait Machiavellianism, narcissistic traits, and primary psychopathy have been shown to be significant positive predictors of belief in CT. Individuals with maladaptive perception/attribution styles may also develop cognitive distortions. Finally, intuitive thinking, as opposed to analytical thinking, is associated with CT beliefs. Social or political crises may incite elevated emotional responses, causing increased popularity of CT during times of major social or political change. Identifying these traits may be useful for clinicians providing interventions for patients with CT ideation. This patient’s presentation with delusions and nonimpaired functioning may be explained by deficits in objective reasoning as a result of maladaptive cognitive and affective response mechanisms, rather than psychotic illness.

Conclusion

Conspiracy theories are generated as a consequence of social and political discontent and can result in a clinically significant impact on mental health and well-being. Patients with narcissistic traits and primary psychopathy are more likely to demonstrate impaired judgment related to CT.

Funding

No funding
The Utility of Planned Deprescribing in Pandemics and Other Disasters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Black James E.
Published: April 2022

Background

How can psychiatrists best provide care in complex, sometimes overwhelming disasters? COVID-19 strained every aspect of health care to the breaking point, from finances to pharmaceutical supply lines. We can expect more challenges to prescribing in the future, as shown by recent hurricanes in Puerto Rico, fires in California, and ice storms in Texas. When medications become scarce or inaccessible, then clinicians need to make difficult prescribing decisions. We suggest that a culture of deprescribing, a systematic approach to reducing or simplifying medications, could be applied to a wide variety of crises. Deprescribing is defined as the planned reduction of medications to improve patient health or to reduce side effects (see deprescribing.org). It has been used to reduce polypharmacy in geriatric and other complex populations. It provides evidence-based guidance for phasing out many classes of medications. It is part of the larger program to reduce waste in health care and to make pharmacy more rational. Disasters and resource scarcity, however, require a different approach. In contrast to routine care focused on individual patients, crisis standards of care (CSC) shift the clinical focus to the community. Instead of deprescribing guidelines for individual clinicians, CSC deprescribing would be national policies addressing shortages of important medications. We did a scoping review looking for studies of deprescribing in a crisis.

Methods/Results

We extracted 1340 references in Google Scholar 2016 to 2021 using (deprescribing) AND (disaster OR crisis OR climate OR pandemic OR supply lines). A scan of texts found 160 references matching our criteria, and only 19 of them addressed deprescribing as a strategy to strengthen health systems or providers in an emergency. Most of those were related to scarce supplies during COVID, and a few addressed the carbon impact of medications. We also reviewed related literatures on medication supply chain vulnerabilities, WHO Essential Medicines, and healthcare rationing.

Implications

Deprescribing gained attention during the COVID pandemic, responding to both disrupted supply lines and improving patient safety. Writers concerned with climate change support deprescribing to reduce the carbon impact of medications. Deprescribing as crisis policy could help streamline national stockpiles, supply chains, and manufacturing. Education could make deprescribing second nature for clinicians, potentially decreasing stress and increasing flexibility in future emergencies. Barriers to deprescribing generally include cultural inertia, industry lobbyists, education, and malpractice fears. In a crisis, deprescribing guidelines could provide clinicians with confidence and flexibility while conserving scarce resources. Research is needed to evaluate deprescribing guidelines for crises, especially ensuring equity in how they reduce polypharmacy and save money.

Funding

No funding
Real-World Outcomes Associated with Cognitive Impairment Among Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Kadakia Aditi , Fan Qi , Shepherd Jason , Bailey Hollie , Dembek Carole , Williams Rhys
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the association between cognitive impairment and hospitalizations, quality of life and satisfaction with life among patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

A point-in-time survey was conducted between July and October 2019 via the Adelphi Schizophrenia Disease Specific Programme across the USA. Patients were stratified as mild or severe based on the level of cognitive impairment reported by their psychiatrist (normal, mild = mild; moderate, severe, very severe = severe). Multiple regression analysis was used to model the association between cognitive impairment and outcomes, adjusting for baseline characteristics.

Results

Data were provided by 124 psychiatrists for 651 mildly and 484 severely impaired patients with schizophrenia; PSCs were completed by 349 mildly and 206 severely impaired patients. Severe cognitive impairment was associated with increased odds of hospitalization due to schizophrenia relapse since diagnosis (2.10 odds ratio [OR], P = .004) and within 12 months (1.95 OR, P < .001) compared to mild impairment. Moreover, patients with severe cognitive impairment had poorer quality of life according to the EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) Health Index (−0.085 coefficient, P < .001) and EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (−6.24 coefficient, P = .041) compared to patients with mild cognitive impairment. Severe cognitive impairment was also associated with lower overall life satisfaction according to the Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (−8.13 coefficient, P = .006) compared to mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

Schizophrenia patients with severe cognitive impairment had more hospitalizations due to relapse than patients with mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, patients with severe cognitive impairment had significantly lower quality of life and overall satisfaction with life compared to patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Funding

Sunovion Pharmaceuticals
Migrating extraterrestrial civilizations and interstellar colonization: implications for SETI and SETA
Authors: Romanovskaya Irina K.
Published: April 2022

Advanced extraterrestrial civilizations may produce observable technosignatures when they migrate inside their planetary systems and to other planetary systems. Collectively, the search for technosignatures produced by migrating extraterrestrial civilizations can be described as the search for migrating extraterrestrial intelligence (SMETI). I propose that extraterrestrial civilizations may use free-floating planets as interstellar transportation to reach, explore and colonize planetary systems. I propose possible technosignatures and artefacts that may be produced by extraterrestrial civilizations using free-floating planets for interstellar migration and interstellar colonization, as well as strategies for the search for their technosignatures and artefacts. I discuss technosignatures that may be produced by extraterrestrial civilizations using other methods of interstellar migration and colonization. As an example, I discuss the star GJ 433, which experienced a close flyby a few thousand years ago. I divide possible technosignatures of migrating civilizations into groups to highlight similarities and differences among technosignatures produced by civilizations using different methods of migration and interstellar colonization. It follows from the comparison, for example, that interstellar migration using flybys of stars can blend with interstellar migration using free-floating planets.
Color and Affect
Authors: de Villemor-Amaral Anna Elisa , Yazigi Latife
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This work arose from an interest in seeking the origins, in the field of psychological assessment, of knowledge on the relationship between color and affect. This relationship in psychological assessment has existed since Herman Rorschach published his book Psychodiagnostics. In 1967 Beck stated that it was not Rorschach who discovered the relationship between color and affectivity, recognizing that there was evidence that this relationship had been accepted since the early days of civilization. In the 1940s, studies on painting and personality and on the artistic production of psychotic patients began to appear more prominently and culminated in Buck’s work, with his suggestion for inclusion of colors in the HTP test. In the 1950s, Pfister and Lücher published their color tests, with some theoretical considerations about the cultural and physiological aspects related to the symbolic interpretation of colors. Neuroscience can now be used to better understand how color perception and processing work in the brain, although the connection between color and affect in this field needs to be explored more. Studies in different areas such as physics, anthropology, ethology, and sociology suggest that a combination of factors related to the qualities of the light stimulus and its perception are also associated with the colors in nature and their symbolism that lead to the affective connotations of colors.
The Effects of Subliminal Emotional Priming on Rorschach	Responses
Authors: Giromini Luciano , Lettieri Sharon Carfora , Bosi Jessica , Zennaro Alessandro
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The Rorschach is one of the most popular performance-based tests and it is thought to provide information on relatively stable individual differences, including respondent inclinations and preferences. To investigate the extent to which minor, nonconscious, emotional fluctuations in the respondent’s mind could influence Rorschach scores, we used a backward masking paradigm. More specifically, each Rorschach card was presented on a computer screen twice, once under a neutral and once under an emotional priming condition. In the neutral priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was a neutral face; in the emotional priming condition, the target stimulus of the backward masking procedure was an angry face. A sample of 182 healthy, adult volunteers contributed to this study. Statistical analyses revealed that Rorschach scores obtained from the neutral versus emotional conditions were similar to each other.
Fine Structures of the Electron Current Sheet in Magnetotail Guide‐Field Reconnection
Authors: Tang B.‐B. , Li W. Y. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Gao C. H. , Chen Z. Z. , Fu H. S. , Lu Q. M. , Wang C. , Burch J. L.
Published: April 2022

We investigate fine structures of the electron current sheet in magnetotail guide‐field reconnection using Magnetospheric Multiscale observations. This current sheet, observed in the outer electron diffusion region (EDR) of reconnection, is featured by clear bifurcation and deflection, and also has complicated fine sublayers. The formation of these sublayers is closely related to streaming and meandering electrons, which are facilitated by the reconnection guide field. In particular, in the sublayer around the BL reversal, the meandering electrons, which usually move along the out‐of‐plane (M) direction, are strongly distorted into the vL‐vN plane due to the finite BM component. The low frequency fluctuation of this current sheet is also revealed, contributing ∼3% of the reconnection electric field by the anomalous effect. We suggest that such current sheet fluctuations, possibly driven by the magnetic double‐gradient instability, can be characteristic in the outer EDR.
Future Land Precipitation Changes Over the North American Monsoon Region Using CMIP5 and CMIP6 Simulations
Authors: Hernandez Manuel , Chen Liang
Published: April 2022

Changes in the North American Monsoon (NAM), a circulation system that transports moisture into western Mexico and the southwest U.S., can have substantial impacts on water resources and agriculture. Here, we utilize future projections from Phase 6 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) to assess monthly changes in land precipitation and the leading mechanisms resulting from anthropogenic climate change. Historical CMIP6 simulations of seasonal precipitation demonstrate skill in reproducing NAM rainfall, but mimic precipitation biases observed in previous CMIP generations. Future climate projections from the SSP5‐8.5 pathway produce reductions in precipitation that persist throughout the monsoon season (June–August) but are balanced by precipitation increases during the late monsoon season (September–October) but are not shown in CMIP5 projections. Atmospheric moisture budget analysis reveals that early monsoon rainfall deficits are associated with a combination of greater evaporative demand, a negative dynamic response of vertical moisture advection, and anomalous subsidence. Increases in late monsoon season rainfall are attributed to a positive change in the dynamical term of vertical moisture advection and increases in upward motion. Although minimal changes in total land NAM rainfall are observed, seasonal shifts and the persistence of drier conditions can have significant ecological and societal consequences.
Martian CO2 Ice Observation at High Spectral Resolution With ExoMars/TGO NOMAD
Authors: Oliva F. , D’Aversa E. , Bellucci G. , Carrozzo F. G. , Ruiz Lozano L. , Altieri F. , Thomas I. R. , Karatekin O. , Cruz Mermy G. , Schmidt F. , Robert S. , Vandaele A. C. , Daerden F. , Ristic B. , Patel M. R. , López‐Moreno J.‐J. , Sindoni G.
Published: April 2022

The Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery (NOMAD) instrument suite aboard ExoMars/Trace Gas Orbiter spacecraft is mainly conceived for the study of minor atmospheric species, but it also offers the opportunity to investigate surface composition and aerosols properties. We investigate the information content of the Limb, Nadir, and Occultation (LNO) infrared channel of NOMAD and demonstrate how spectral orders 169, 189, and 190 can be exploited to detect surface CO2 ice. We study the strong CO2 ice absorption band at 2.7 μm and the shallower band at 2.35 μm taking advantage of observations across Martian Years 34 and 35 (March 2018 to February 2020), straddling a global dust storm. We obtain latitudinal‐seasonal maps for CO2 ice in both polar regions, in overall agreement with predictions by a general climate model and with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer Martian Years 27 and 28 observations. We find that the narrow 2.35 μm absorption band, spectrally well covered by LNO order 189, offers the most promising potential for the retrieval of CO2 ice microphysical properties. Occurrences of CO2 ice spectra are also detected at low latitudes and we discuss about their interpretation as daytime high altitude CO2 ice clouds as opposed to surface frost. We find that the clouds hypothesis is preferable on the basis of surface temperature, local time and grain size considerations, resulting in the first detection of CO2 ice clouds through the study of this spectral range. Through radiative transfer considerations on these detections we find that the 2.35 μm absorption feature of CO2 ice clouds is possibly sensitive to nm‐sized ice grains.
Premature Deaths in Africa Due To Particulate Matter Under High and Low Warming Scenarios
Authors: Shindell D. , Faluvegi G. , Parsons L. , Nagamoto E. , Chang J.
Published: April 2022

Sustainable development and climate change mitigation can provide enormous public health benefits via improved air quality, especially in polluted areas. We use the latest state‐of‐the‐art composition‐climate model simulations to contrast human exposure to fine particulate matter in Africa under a “baseline” scenario with high material consumption, population growth, and warming to that projected under a sustainability scenario with lower consumption, population growth, and warming. Evaluating the mortality impacts of these exposures, we find that under the low warming scenario annual premature deaths due to PM2.5 are reduced by roughly 515,000 by 2050 relative to the high warming scenario (100,000, 175,000, 55,000, 140,000, and 45,000 in Northern, West, Central, East, and Southern Africa, respectively). This reduction rises to ∼800,000 by the 2090s, though by that time much of the difference is attributable to the projected differences in population. By contrast, during the first half of the century benefits are driven predominantly by emissions changes. Depending on the region, we find large intermodel spreads of ∼25%–50% in projected future exposures owing to different physics across the ensemble of 6 global models. The spread of projected deaths attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter, including uncertainty in the exposure‐response function, are reduced in every region to ∼20%–35% by the non‐linear exposure‐response function. Differences between the scenarios have an even narrower spread of ∼5%–25% and are highly statistically significant in all regions for all models. These results provide valuable information for policy‐makers to consider when working toward climate change mitigation and sustainable development goals.
Multistage Nucleation of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 Earthquake, Yunnan, China and Its Foreshocks
Authors: Liu Min , Li Hongyi , Li Lu , Zhang Miao , Wang Weitao
Published: April 2022

On 21 May 2021, an MS 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, China. A significant foreshock sequence occurred 3 days before the mainshock, which provides an opportunity to study earthquake nucleation. In this study, we adopt a template matching technique and a double‐difference location method to build a catalog for the foreshock sequence of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake, which contains 1,086 events with high‐precision locations. The whole foreshock sequence can be grouped into four episodes, each with one MW > 3.7 principal foreshock. The foreshocks within the first episode initiated on a NW‐trending small fault, whereas the subsequent foreshocks within episodes 2–4 jumped onto a nearby major fault to gradually rupture toward NW direction. We identify three MW > 3.4 repeating earthquakes on the NW‐trending small fault in episode 1, implying that aseismic slip occurred in the early stage of the mainshock nucleation. Meanwhile, the rupture dimension estimation and stress disturbance analysis of the later foreshocks in episodes 2–4 reveal a cascading rupture process on the major fault, indicating that stress transfer may dominate the later stage of the mainshock nucleation. Hence, our study suggests that the two end‐member mechanisms of aseismic slip and stress transfer may be compossible in the nucleation process of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 mainshock.
Functional analysis of circulating tumour cells: the KEY to understand the biology of the metastatic cascade
Authors: Eslami-S Zahra , Cortés-Hernández Luis Enrique , Thomas Frédéric , Pantel Klaus , Alix-Panabières Catherine
Published: April 2022

Metastasis formation is the main cause of cancer-related death in patients with solid tumours. At the beginning of this process, cancer cells escape from the primary tumour to the blood circulation where they become circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Only a small subgroup of CTCs will survive during the harsh journey in the blood and colonise distant sites. The in-depth analysis of these metastasis-competent CTCs is very challenging because of their extremely low concentration in peripheral blood. So far, only few groups managed to expand in vitro and in vivo CTCs to be used as models for large-scale descriptive and functional analyses of CTCs. These models have shown already the high variability and complexity of the metastatic cascade in patients with cancer, and open a new avenue for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
A deep siamese neural network improves metagenome-assembled genomes in microbiome datasets across different environments
Authors: Pan Shaojun , Zhu Chengkai , Zhao Xing-Ming , Coelho Luis Pedro
Published: April 2022

Metagenomic binning is the step in building metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) when sequences predicted to originate from the same genome are automatically grouped together. The most widely-used methods for binning are reference-independent, operating de novo and enable the recovery of genomes from previously unsampled clades. However, they do not leverage the knowledge in existing databases. Here, we introduce SemiBin, an open source tool that uses deep siamese neural networks to implement a semi-supervised approach, i.e. SemiBin exploits the information in reference genomes, while retaining the capability of reconstructing high-quality bins that are outside the reference dataset. Using simulated and real microbiome datasets from several different habitats from GMGCv1 (Global Microbial Gene Catalog), including the human gut, non-human guts, and environmental habitats (ocean and soil), we show that SemiBin outperforms existing state-of-the-art binning methods. In particular, compared to other methods, SemiBin returns more high-quality bins with larger taxonomic diversity, including more distinct genera and species.
Magnesium galvanic cells produce hydrogen and modulate the tumor microenvironment to inhibit cancer growth
Authors: Yang Nailin , Gong Fei , Liu Bo , Hao Yu , Chao Yu , Lei Huali , Yang Xiaoyuan , Gong Yuehan , Wang Xianwen , Liu Zhuang , Cheng Liang
Published: April 2022

Hydrogen can be used as an anti-cancer treatment. However, the continuous generation of H2 molecules within the tumor is challenging. Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively used in the clinic as implantable metals. Here we develop, by decorating platinum on the surface of Mg rods, a Mg-based galvanic cell (MgG), which allows the continuous generation of H2 in an aqueous environment due to galvanic-cell-accelerated water etching of Mg. By implanting MgG rods into a tumor, H2 molecules can be generated within the tumor, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular redox homeostasis destruction. Meanwhile, the Mg(OH)2 residue can neutralize the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Such MgG rods with the micro-galvanic cell structure enable hydrogen therapy to inhibit the growth of tumors, including murine tumor models, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), as well as VX2 tumors in rabbits. Our research suggests that the galvanic cells for hydrogen therapy based on implantable metals may be a safe and effective cancer treatment.
Reactant-induced photoactivation of in situ generated organogold intermediates leading to alkynylated indoles via Csp2-Csp cross-coupling
Authors: Zhao Fen , Abdellaoui Mehdi , Hagui Wided , Ballarin-Marion Maria , Berthet Jérôme , Corcé Vincent , Delbaere Stéphanie , Dossmann Héloïse , Espagne Agathe , Forté Jérémy , Jullien Ludovic , Le Saux Thomas , Mouriès-Mansuy Virginie , Ollivier Cyril , Fensterbank Louis
Published: April 2022

Photosensitization of organogold intermediates is an emerging field in catalysis. In this context, an access to 2,3-disubstituted indoles from o-alkynyl aniline and iodoalkyne derivatives via a gold-catalyzed sequence under visible-light irradiation and in the absence of an exogenous photocatalyst was uncovered. A wide scope of the process is observed. Of note, 2-iodo-ynamides can be used as electrophiles in this cross-coupling reaction. The resulting N-alkynyl indoles lend themselves to post-functionalization affording valuable scaffolds, notably benzo[a]carbazoles. Mechanistic studies converge on the fact that a potassium sulfonyl amide generates emissive aggregates in the reaction medium. Static quenching of these aggregates by a vinylgold(I) intermediate yields to an excited state of the latter, which can react with an electrophile via oxidative addition and reductive elimination to forge the key C-C bond. This reactant-induced photoactivation of an organogold intermediate opens rich perspectives in the field of cross-coupling reactions.
A systems genomics approach to uncover patient-specific pathogenic pathways and proteins in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Brooks-Warburton Johanne , Modos Dezso , Sudhakar Padhmanand , Madgwick Matthew , Thomas John P. , Bohar Balazs , Fazekas David , Zoufir Azedine , Kapuy Orsolya , Szalay-Beko Mate , Verstockt Bram , Hall Lindsay J. , Watson Alastair , Tremelling Mark , Parkes Miles , Vermeire Severine , Bender Andreas , Carding Simon R. , Korcsmaros Tamas
Published: April 2022

We describe a precision medicine workflow, the integrated single nucleotide polymorphism network platform (iSNP), designed to determine the mechanisms by which SNPs affect cellular regulatory networks, and how SNP co-occurrences contribute to disease pathogenesis in ulcerative colitis (UC). Using SNP profiles of 378 UC patients we map the regulatory effects of the SNPs to a human signalling network containing protein-protein, miRNA-mRNA and transcription factor binding interactions. With unsupervised clustering algorithms we group these patient-specific networks into four distinct clusters driven by PRKCB, HLA, SNAI1/CEBPB/PTPN1 and VEGFA/XPO5/POLH hubs. The pathway analysis identifies calcium homeostasis, wound healing and cell motility as key processes in UC pathogenesis. Using transcriptomic data from an independent patient cohort, with three complementary validation approaches focusing on the SNP-affected genes, the patient specific modules and affected functions, we confirm the regulatory impact of non-coding SNPs. iSNP identified regulatory effects for disease-associated non-coding SNPs, and by predicting the patient-specific pathogenic processes, we propose a systems-level way to stratify patients.
ERK1/2 is an ancestral organising signal in spiral cleavage
Authors: Seudre Océane , Carrillo-Baltodano Allan M. , Liang Yan , Martín-Durán José M.
Published: April 2022

Animal development is classified as conditional or autonomous based on whether cell fates are specified through inductive signals or maternal determinants, respectively. Yet how these two major developmental modes evolved remains unclear. During spiral cleavage—a stereotypic embryogenesis ancestral to 15 invertebrate groups, including molluscs and annelids—most lineages specify cell fates conditionally, while some define the primary axial fates autonomously. To identify the mechanisms driving this change, we studyOwenia fusiformis, an early-branching, conditional annelid. InOwenia, ERK1/2-mediated FGF receptor signalling specifies the endomesodermal progenitor. This cell likely acts as an organiser, inducing mesodermal and posterodorsal fates in neighbouring cells and repressing anteriorising signals. The organising role of ERK1/2 inOweniais shared with molluscs, but not with autonomous annelids. Together, these findings suggest that conditional specification of an ERK1/2+embryonic organiser is ancestral in spiral cleavage and was repeatedly lost in annelid lineages with autonomous development.
Discovery of quantum phases in the Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu2(BO3)2 under extreme conditions of field and pressure
Authors: Shi Zhenzhong , Dissanayake Sachith , Corboz Philippe , Steinhardt William , Graf David , Silevitch D. M. , Dabkowska Hanna A. , Rosenbaum T. F. , Mila Frédéric , Haravifard Sara
Published: April 2022

The 2-dimensional layered oxide material SrCu2(BO3)2, long studied as a realization of the Shastry-Sutherland spin topology, exhibits a range of intriguing physics as a function of both hydrostatic pressure and magnetic field, with a still debated intermediate plaquette phase appearing at approximately 20 kbar and a possible deconfined critical point at higher pressure. Here, we employ a tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) technique to probe the behavior in the combined extreme conditions of high pressure, high magnetic field, and low temperature. We reveal an extensive phase space consisting of multiple magnetic analogs of the elusive supersolid phase and a magnetization plateau. In particular, a 10 × 2 supersolid and a 1/5 plateau, identified by infinite Projected Entangled Pair States (iPEPS) calculations, are found to rely on the presence of both magnetic and non-magnetic particles in the sea of dimer singlets. These states are best understood as descendants of the full-plaquette phase, the leading candidate for the intermediate phase of SrCu2(BO3)2.