bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caring for patients undergoing treatment for vascular occlusion
Authors: Murray Shelagh
Published: November 2016

In the treatment of arterial and graft occlusion, St George's Hospital has moved the emphasis away from long infusions of streptokinase to short, high-dose, pulsed administration of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). This has led to a change in nursing management.
Health visitors should exploit skill mix approach
Authors: Notter Joy
Published: November 2016

The next few weeks herald the meetings of the two professional organizations that represent the majority of health visitors. While the Health Visitors Association and the Royal College of Nursing will each present their own official conference agendas, private discussions among delegates will carry further the debates on certain key issues; one such area is bound to concern the dreaded issue of skill mix.
Nurses must learn to communicate
Authors: Telford Anni
Published: November 2016

It would appear that a plethora of reports is suggesting that nurses are failing to communicate adequately with their patients; included is the latest offering from the Audit Commission. This is not a new problem, rather it is an old and depressing one, as a literature review of this topic carried out 20 years ago clearly shows (Ley, 1972).
A human resource management approach to nursing education : 2
Authors: Lung Michael , Braithwaite David , Somerville Lay Chantry
Published: November 2016

In part 1 of this article, the elements that set human resource management apart from traditional approaches to personnel management were examined. Part 2 will consider the implications of these elements for the management and practice of labour relations within an NHS college of nursing in the 1990s.
Prevention and treatment of the diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Barnett Anthony
Published: November 2016

More hospital beds are occupied by diabetics with foot problems than by all of the patients with other complications of diabetes put together. Footcare in the diabetic patient is therefore of paramount importance. This article examines treatment and dressing strategies and advocates a multidisciplinary approach.
Living with altered body image: the cancer experience
Authors: Price Bob
Published: November 2016

There are significant shortfalls in nurses' understanding and assessment of altered body image. This article examines the variety of reasons why patients with cancer experience an altered sense of body image and how practical care solutions can be developed.
Recent developments in the ENB framework and higher award
Authors: Bysshe Janette
Published: November 2016

The ENB Higher Award was launched in April this year, but what is it? How does it relate to the ENB Framework and its 10 key characteristics and is it really relevant to nurses who just want to keep working with patients?
Nursing degrees: hindrance or help?
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

University education for nurses has become very popular and a wide range of courses is now available. However, after 30 years of developments, the key question is, ‘Has it made any difference?’
Extended role of the nurse in ICU
Authors: Last Tom , Self Nigel , Kassab John , Rayan Amir
Published: November 2016

There is much controversy over the definition of a nurse's extended role. This article gives a brief overview of the results of a research survey that examined nurses' attitudes to the practice of extended roles in intensive care units.
Developing standards in palliative care
Authors: Marsh Lesley
Published: November 2016

Palliative care for cancer patients has improved dramatically in recent years. Such care also benefits patients dying from chronic illnesses. This article explains how nursing standards were written for patients with cancer and acute and chronic illnesses requiring palliative care.
Hearing impairment in elderly hospital residents
Authors: Tolson D , McIntosh J , Swan IRC
Published: November 2016

The provision of high quality nursing care for dependent elderly people is a daunting challenge to the profession. This survey focuses on the frequently neglected area of impaired hearing among elderly hospital residents and evaluates the service provided by one health board.
Developing a new uniform policy for student nurses
Authors: Foster Julie , Turner Paul
Published: November 2016

This article describes the recognition by a group of nurse tutors of the need for a new student uniform in response to research findings that linked back pain with lifting and the wearing of inappropriate attire.
Nursing education should be freed from NHS control
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Nurse education is currently under the strict control and direction of the NHS Personnel Directorate. How long it will continue to be so is under review.
Legal implications of standard setting in nursing
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2016

The objective of this article is to provide a legal perspective to the issue of standard setting in nursing. The standard setting/quality assurance approach maintains important legal aspects for both the patient and the nurse.
Managing upper airway obstruction
Authors: Innes Margaret
Published: November 2016

This article deals with the nurse-aid management of partial and complete airway obstruction both outside and in the hospital environment and describes the symptoms of airway obstruction so that nurses are alert to the change in the patient's position on the health/illness continuum.
How to become a nurse teacher
Authors: Thomson Sally
Published: November 2016

The shortest time between registering as a nurse and recording a teaching qualification is 4 years. This article describes the work of a teacher and suggests the best ways of achieving this professional goal.
Pressure sores: the result of bad nursing?
Authors: Dealey Carol
Published: November 2016

For many years nurses have carried a burden of guilt for pressure sores as they are often felt to symbolize a failure of care. While medical staff abdicate responsibility, nurses tend to deny the problem: ‘We only have pressure sores here when the patient comes in with them’. Everyone is so keen to cast blame on everyone else that no one considers the actual cause of the sore.
Episiotomy vs perineal tear: which is less traumatic?
Authors: Moses Florence
Published: November 2016

Episiotomy is a well-established procedure in obstetric care worldwide. This article examines the available research and literature on episiotomy vs perineal tear to determine whether there is any evidence that episiotomy is indeed less traumatic than allowing the perineum to tear.
Children in critical care: how parents cope
Authors: Cox Pam
Published: November 2016

This article examines the parental role in the critical care setting. Parents' perceptions of stress and stressors are discussed, and the coping strategies developed by families to deal with them are identified. The implications of the findings are discussed in the light of current practice.
Creativity in nurse education
Authors: Harrison Tony
Published: November 2016

Educationalists have been accused of suppressing, or at least not encouraging, creativity in nursing students. Is this still the case or are the changes in nurse education helping to reverse this trend?
Management of an inadequately ventilated patient
Authors: Innes Margaret H
Published: November 2016

The aim of this article is to help the nurse aider recognize and manage breathing problems other than those associated with upper airway obstruction. Although the emphasis is on nurse aid in the work environment, inadequate ventilation may have to be dealt with in any nurse-aid situation.
Effect of the legal system country of European commercial banks on the financial distress
Authors: Baklouti Nizar , Gautier FrÃ©dÃ©ric , Aubert FranÃ§ois
Published: November 2016

This study examines the effect of the legal system on the governance of banks and hence on financial distress. We compare corporate governance to the legal system in 18 countries of the European Union to explain the relationship between financial distress and bank governance. Using a sample of 147 commercial banks, we find that the effect of the legal system really counts. The results also suggest that banks operating in common law and civil law countries tend the concentration of ownership and board size to the effect of increasing the likelihood of financial distress. This study contributes to research in the governance of enterprise to provide empirical evidence that the legal system has the power to influence the financial health of banks.
Plasma levels of irisin in children with idiopathic premature adrenarche
Authors: Furino Vanessa , Furino Fernanda , Avó Lucimar , Melo Débora , Germano Carla
Published: November 2016

Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) is characterized by presence of isolated pubic and/or axillary hair, acne and body odor before age 8(9) in girls (boys). These individuals are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and polycistic ovarian syndrome. Irisin seems to have an active role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, however little is known about this hormone in PA.Objective: To analyze irisin levels in children diagnosed with PA and its relationship with their body composition.Methodology: Exploratory cross-sectional study that evaluated 15 children with PA and 15 matched controls (C). Anthropometric data were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold. Fasting blood glucose(G), insulin(I), 17OHP, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, DHEA-S, 25(OH)D and irisin levels were determined.Results: The levels (mean±SEM) of triglycerides [99±14, 8mg/dl (C); 68±9, 1mg/dl (AP)] and 25(OH) D [26±0, 9ng/ml(C); 30.2±1.6ng/ml (AP)] were significantly different between the groups. WC above p90 and G/ I<7 were found in 6.7% of the C group versus 33.3% and 20% of the PA group, respectively.Conclusions: PA children presented a lower G/I and a higher waist WC compared to the C group, suggesting an increased risk of metabolic disease. Irisin levels were not different between the groups. The significantly higher levels of TGs from the C group may be related to their reduced levels of 25(OH) D, which may also have masked differences in irisin levels. This study suggests that determination of vitamin D levels may be necessary to evaluate metabolic data, based on the significant frequency of this hormone insufficiency/deficiency in the pediatric population.
Simultaneous management and control on cost and time in the project development through fuzzy logic to risk management
Authors: Rezazadeh Kermani Ehsan , Momeni Mahdi
Published: November 2016

Projects are a series of unique activities defined in order to achieve a unique goal. Before implementation, project activities to be conducted in future are predicted and the initial timetable of the project is prepared. Given the fact that future is vague and unclear, risks and uncertainties will inevitably exist in the implementation of projects because human is unable to precisely foresee the future. Projects are planned according to estimations obtained from little information about the future conditions of projects. Considering the fact that the planning involve uncertainty, time delays and costs imposed by uncertainties are unavoidable .Risk management is a project management standard used extensively. The effects of the risk of time and cost were simultaneously investigated in one of the huge, national projects in Iran, namely the water supply project from Persian Gulf to the mineral industries of south eastern Iran, which involves the largest water desalination system in the Middle East. Information pertaining to risk management was gathered, and fuzzy number theory, fuzzy logic, software, and information analysis and combination were employed. A model was put forward including 7 stages and 20 steps in SPSS, and MATLAB was also utilized in civil projects for increasing planning accuracy. The results differed from those of existing, traditional methods, such as the method of probability of occurrence * degree of impact, for risk management.
Comparative parasitological and electron microscopic studies on the effects of Nitazoxanide and Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice
Authors: A. El-Taweel Hend , H. El-Sayad Mona , A. Abu Helw Sahar , A. Al-Kazzaz Mohammad
Published: November 2016

This study was designed to evaluate antischistosomal activity of Nitazoxanide (NTZ) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice compared to Praziquantel (PZQ). Fifty four infected mice were recruited into 3 groups, each of 18 mice. Group 1 was infected non-treated control. Group 2 was infected and then treated with PZQ 500 mg for two days, and group 3 was infected and treated with NTZ 100 mg/kg for seven days. Efficacy of drugs was assessed by Parasitological, and scanning electron microscopic studies. PZQ reduced (4.9%, 22.5% and 50.7%) of faecal eggs, (22%, 22.6% and 55.1%) of intestinal eggs, (20.4%, 44.3% and 46.7%) of hepatic egg counts and (27%, 45.1% and 64.9%) of total worm load whereas, NTZ reduced (4.9%, 22.5% and 50.7%),of faecal eggs, (22%, 22.6% and 55.1%) of intestinal eggs ,(20.4%, 44.3% and 46.7%) of hepatic egg counts and (27%, 45.1% and 64.9%) of total worm load at 1, 2 and 4 WPT, respectively. The percentages of dead eggs were more than 80% after PZQ treatment and only 30% after NTZ at 4 WPT. PZQ showed extensive tegumental damages in male and female worms more than NTZ at 2 WPT. Our findings concluded that Nitazoxanide showed weaker antischistosomal activity in animal models than praziquantel.
Impacto del modelo español de dirección escolar en la identidad profesional los líderes escolares
Authors: Bolívar Antonio , Ritacco Maximiliano
Published: November 2016

España presenta un carácter singular en su modelo de dirección escolar: quien ejerce la dirección escolar es un docente elegido por sus propios compañeros que luego de su paso por la dirección (4-8 años) retorna al cuerpo docente. Dicho itinerario de “ida y vuelta” supone, en términos de identidad, la presencia de una serie de duplicidades: gestor y/o líder; representante de la administración y/o de los compañeros docentes; agente de rendición de cuentas y/o agente pedagógico; etc. El artículo hace una revisión actual de la literatura sobre identidad de la dirección, especialmente en el marco del proyecto ISSPP (International Successful School Principals Project), así como de las características del modelo español de dirección. Metodológicamente, desde una perspectiva biográfico-narrativa el estudio profundiza en el impacto del modelo español de dirección escolar en la identidad de los directores escolares. Para ello, se analiza el testimonio de 15 directores de centros educativos (entrevistas no estructuradas) aplicando la técnica del análisis de contenido. Como resultado del proceso de estructuración y categorización de los datos emergen una serie de categorías que responden a un índice de frecuencia categorial. En este orden, las categorías: identidad personal; identidad profesional (perspectiva interna); identidad profesional (perspectiva externa); identidad social; profesionalización; [y] doble identidad; hacen referencia a aquellas dimensiones de la identidad de los directores escolares en las que se observa el impacto del modelo español de dirección escolar. Finalmente, se cuenta con los fragmentos extraídos de los testimonios de los entrevistados en pos de avanzar en la construcción narrativa e interpretativa del estudio (teoría fundamentada).
Investigating the effects of technical trainings applied 10-12 age male tennis players on their stroke performances
Authors: Suna Gürhan , Alp Mahmut , Çetinkaya Erkan
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of technical trainings applied 10-12 age tennis players on their stroke performances. 16 male tennis players joined to the study who are in Isparta and match in tournaments as individuals regularly. These were detected from players that mean of age was 10,62±,80 years, mean of height was 144,06±8,28 cm and mean of weight was 38,75±9,04 kg.  Trainings were applied to the players as technical 3 days a week and as condition 1 day a week. ITN test (International Tennis Number) were applied to test the stroke performances. Datas were compared by using “Paired t Test” at SPSS 18.0 statistic programme. Differences were found to be statistically significant at result of comparing stroke performances’ pre-posttests (p<0,05). This study shows the regular technical and conditional trainings’ positive effects on performance and provides recommendations to trainers and sport scientists about planning, programming a training and defining performance criteria.
Phrase Rhythm in Standard Jazz Repertoire: A Taxonomy and Corpus Study
Authors: Salley Keith , Shanahan Daniel T.
Published: November 2016

Keith Salley and Dan Shanahan’s “Phrase Rhythm in Standard Jazz Repertoire: A Taxonomy and Corpus Study” reflects a number of Steven Strunk's scholarly interests. The authors encourage readers to consider how the layered analyses at the end of Strunk’s seminal “Harmony of Early Bop” article (JJS 6.1) agree, depart from, or inform the processes discussed in their contribution. Furthermore, Salley and Shanahan’s broad stylistic survey of standard jazz tunes resonates notably with Strunk’s work—particularly his “Linear Intervallic Patterns in Jazz Repertory” (ARJS 8) and his entry on “Harmony” in the New Grove Dictionary of Jazz.
Reflections on (and in) Strunk's Tonnetz
Authors: Park Joon
Published: November 2016

Joon Park takes a closer look at Steven Strunk's innovative application of the neo-Riemannian Tonnetz to jazz. Strunk reinterprets neo-Riemannian transformations as geometric reflections—as opposed to more conventional group theory operations—showing his understanding of jazz performance practice. Park clarifies the difference between conventional methods and Strunk's. In addition to illustrating Steve’s close accord with jazz performance practice, Park extends his work by representing Z-related sets on the Tonnetz.
Melodic Structure in Bill Evans's 1959 "Autumn Leaves"
Authors: Strunk Steven
Published: November 2016

Steven Strunk's analysis and transcription of Bill Evans's 1959 "Autumn Leaves" with an editorial preface by Keith Salley.
Circular Thinking: A Roundtable on "Blue in Green" and "Nefertiti"
Authors: Waters Keith , Martin Henry , Larson Steve , Strunk Steven
Published: November 2016

A roundtable featuring Keith Waters, Henry Martin, Steve Larson, and Steven Strunk.  The talk frames general principles of circular tunes and explores two of them from the 1960s: "Blue in Green" and "Nefertiti."
The fiscal roots of urban bias
Authors: Menaldo Victor Alexander
Published: November 2016

Why do some countries indulge in urban bias, potentially harming economic development in the process, while others promote a vibrant agricultural sector? Two main explanations have been put forth. On the one hand, market failures, due to information asymmetries, mean that farmers who dearly require credit to succeed are shut out of lending markets, even if lenders could potentially benefit from making loans more readily available. On the other hand, political failures, due to state capture, mean that farmers will be subject to implicit taxes as a way of generating rents for politically powerful, industrial interests in the city. This paper builds on the latter view and corroborates [Bates, Robert. 1981.Markets and States in Tropical Africa.Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.] insight that the state might have its own fiscal reasons for indulging in urban bias since both infant industries in the manufacturing sector and monopsony endowing marketing boards in the agricultural sector potentially provide easy-to-collect revenues. I adduce cross-national empirical support for the fiscal roots view that is robust across measures of state capacity and instrumental variables. A case study of Mexico also provides supporting evidence.
Benzyldimethyl[3-(miristoylamino)-propyl]ammonium chloride stabilized silver nanoparticles (Argumistin™) in medicine: results of clinical trials for treatment of infectious diseases of dogs and perspectives for humans
Authors: Krutyakov Yurii , Klimov Alexey , Violin Boris , Kuzmin Vladimir , Ryzhikh Victoria , Gusev Alexander , Zakharova Olga , Lisichkin George
Published: November 2016

Increased interest in nanosilver during the last 10 years is mainly explained by the emergence and spread of pathogenic microorganisms with multiple drug resistance, including resistance to last-generation antibiotics. In this article, we for the first time, give a description of large-scale clinical trials of a new nanosilver based antibacterial drug [containing two active components: silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (10–50 ppm) and benzyldimethyl[3-(miristoylamino)-propyl]ammonium chloride (100 ppm)] registered in Russia in 2015 as a veterinary drug under the brand name Argumistin™. This drug has been approved for application in a diluted dosage form – as eye drops, intranasal drops and orally; it has also been approved for application in a more concentrated dosage form (up to 50 ppm of nanosilver) as ear drops and as an antiseptic during demodicosis and gum disease treatment, open wound treatment, etc. We have registered the high therapeutic effectiveness of Argumistin™ during treatment of infectious conjunctivitis, gingivitis, parodontosis and enteritis of dogs. Application of this antibacterial drug gives considerable (up to 70% in case of periodontal diseases) reduction in the treatment period and prevention of complications. The results of clinical trials in the treatment of infectious diseases of dogs makes Argumistin™ a promising candidate for an effective antibacterial drug for human medicine.
Preparation of electroconductive aluminum-silicon oxide ceramic sensors modified with silver and bismuth nanoparticles
Authors: Mishchenko Kseniya V. , Avdeeva Diana K. , Yukhin Yurii M. , Titkov Alexander I. , Logutenko Olga A.
Published: November 2016

Currently, to provide complete information on measuring is one of the most essential problems for measuring devices. In order to obtain electrodes for recording of cardiac micropotentials in a wide range of frequencies, a process for modifying of the aluminum-silicon oxide ceramic matrix with bismuth or silver nanoparticles was investigated. It was found that when impregnating aluminum-silicon oxide ceramics with aqueous or organic solutions of the silver compounds with subsequent drying and calcinations, both the total amount of silver and its distribution over the thickness of the sample essentially depend on the nature of the silver precursor solution. Thus, when impregnating the aluminum-silicon oxide ceramics with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate followed by its reduction with formic acid, the silver content in the ceramic matrix does not exceed 15% and it is mainly distributed in the near-surface layer. The highest degree of impregnation (39%) and uniform distribution of silver throughout the volume of the sample are achieved by treatment of the ceramic matrix with a branched silver carboxylate (silver caprate) solution containing 250 g/L Ag, followed by drying and calcination of the samples at 250°C. It was shown that bismuth-containing electroconductive ceramics can be obtained by its impregnation with a solution of bismuth formate or caprylate followed by its calcination in vacuum at 280°C. The results of the study showed that the ceramic sensors modified with silver nanoparticles have a direct current drift of less than 5 nV/s while the noise level does not exceed±200 nV, which allows development of the measuring apparatus from 300 nV.
Potential analysis for patient education in acute non-specific low back pain / Potenzialanalyse zur Patienten/-innenedukation bei akuten unspezifischen lumbalen Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Roesner Adrian , Ackenhausen Frauke , Eberhardt Ralf , Gundlach Ulrike , Marquardt Jonas , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Schäfer Axel
Published: November 2016

Health problem

Recent health insurance statistics show that low back pain (LBP) takes the first place in individual diagnoses according to sick leave statistics. As stated by the German back pain study of 2003/2006, long-term prevalence amounts to a total of 74 % to 85 %. In the case of acute unspecific LRS guidelines, recommend the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and patient education in order to motivate the patient to retain an active lifestyle, to stay physically active and to inform the patient about the background of the symptoms. Studies about the current medical supply situation in Germany show injections and passive therapy methods are part of the standard care, whereas educational measures are generally not applied.

Evidence

A Cochrane Review indicates the effectiveness of educational measures that have a duration of 2 hours. Education in the recommended intensity can probably not be realized by health care practitioners within the time framework set aside for treatment and advice. Because of their range of services and their professional competence physical and occupational therapists appear to be predestined for this type of education as intervention.

Research recommendations

In order to assess the potential of such an intervention for a later more extensive efficacy study a feasibility study should be carried out first. The focus is on assessing the feasibility and the evaluation of intervention education.
Work Integration Social Enterprises in the United States: Operating at the Nexus of Public Policy, Markets, and Community
Authors: Cooney Kate
Published: November 2016

Work integration social enterprises (WISEs) in the United States represent a market based approach for workforce development and labor market integration that offer employment and training opportunities as well as bridges to the mainstream labor market. Historically developed to create separate spaces of work for populations considered less able to compete in mainstream labor markets, such as people with physical and developmental disabilities, as this article will show, WISEs have evolved to target other disadvantaged and marginalized communities such as individuals suffering from homelessness, youth disconnected from both school and labor markets, formerly incarcerated individuals seeking reentry into employment, and welfare recipients required to work for benefits or as benefits are timed out. This article traces the historic evolution of the WISE sector. The review highlights the ways in which the organizational model has been adapted in response to shifting social constructions about appropriate level of integration and employment norms for disadvantaged groups as well as the changing nature of jobs in the entry level labor market. Further, this paper illustrates that newer (non-disability related) WISE organizational models have different resource generation strategies compared to the older WISE models, may be more exposed to market forces in their social business niches, and must contend with the increased vulnerabilities faced by workers in an era of welfare safety net erosion.
Wachstum und Höhe von Managementvergütungen
Authors: Göx Robert F.
Published: November 2016

Robert F. Göx gibt einen Überblick über die ökonomische Forschung zum Thema Managementvergütungen und erörtert anhand von Daten des Deutschen Aktienindexes (DAX) die Relevanz der überwiegend auf die Vereinigten Staaten fokussierten Forschung für die Entwicklung der Vorstandsvergütungen in Deutschland seit 1985. Dabei zeigt sich, dass diese im Wesentlichen von denselben Faktoren bestimmt wird wie in Amerika. Hinsichtlich der möglichen Ursachen des Anstiegs der Managementbezüge ergibt sich ein gemischtes Bild. Einerseits legen theoretische Argumente und empirische Befunde nahe, dass die Höhe der Vergütungen wesentlich durch die Unternehmensgröße und den finanziellen Erfolg determiniert ist. Andererseits gibt es aber auch eine Reihe von Anhaltspunkten für Ineffizienzen in der Gestaltung der Vergütung, deren Vermeidung wünschenswert erscheint. Allerdings deutet die jüngere Forschung zu den Konsequenzen einschlägiger staatlicher Maßnahmen darauf hin, dass eine stärkere Regulierung der Managementvergütungen kaum geeignet ist, den Vergütungsprozess zu verbessern oder das Wachstum der Bezüge zu begrenzen.
Mietspiegel aus ökonomischer Sicht – Vorschläge für eine Neuregulierung
Authors: Sebastian Steffen , Lerbs Oliver
Published: November 2016

In einem Rechtsstaat werden amtliche Statistiken grundsätzlich von neutralen Stellen errechnet. Im Gegensatz dazu unterliegt der Mietspiegel trotz seiner hohen Bedeutung für den Wohnungsmarkt zu einem großen Teil dem Gestaltungswillen lokaler Politiker und Interessensvertreter. Der Prozess seiner Erstellung bleibt zudem weitgehend intransparent. Im Ergebnis sind die durch Mietspiegel ausgewiesenen ortsüblichen Vergleichsmieten deutlich niedriger, als sie es nach aktuellen Marktbedingungen sein müssten. Dies widerspricht grundlegenden Prinzipien für amtliche Statistiken eines Rechtsstaates. Sofern eine Begrenzung der Miethöhe politisch erwünscht ist, sollte diese getrennt von der Erstellung des Mietspiegels umgesetzt werden. Um die Funktionsfähigkeit des Wohnungsmarktes aufrecht zu erhalten, muss der Mietspiegel wieder zu einem marktnahen Abbild des tatsächlichen Preisgefüges werden. Lerbs und Sebastian zeigen auf, welche Praktiken bei der Erstellung von Mietspiegeln zu einer Verzerrung der ortsüblichen Vergleichsmiete führen und wie dies zukünftig verbessert werden kann. Nur zum Teil ist dazu eine Änderung der aktuellen Rechtslage erforderlich.
Demokratie und internationale Investitionsabkommen: (Überraschende) Zusammenhänge und (lückenhafte) Erklärungen
Authors: Nunnenkamp Peter
Published: November 2016

Im Rahmen der TTIP Verhandlungen stellt sich aktuell die Frage, warum hochentwickelte demokratische Staaten den Souveränitätsverzicht in Kauf nehmen sollten, der mit internationaler Streitschlichtung vor privaten Schiedsgerichten verbunden ist. Dieser Beitrag ordnet diese Frage in einen breiteren Kontext ein. Relativ glaubwürdige nationale Institutionen sollten es für demokratisch verfasste Gastländer ausländischer Direktinvestitionen weniger dringlich machen, sich international die Hände zu binden, um einen effektiven Schutz vor staatlicher Willkür zu bieten. Gleichwohl haben demokratische Gastländer bei der weltweiten Verbreitung internationaler Investitionsabkommen und bei deren strikterer Ausgestaltung eine wesentliche Rolle gespielt. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die empirische Evidenz zum Zusammenhang zwischen Demokratie und der Häufigkeit von Investitionsabkommen sowie der darin enthaltenen Regeln zur Nichtdiskriminierung und Streitschlichtung. Es zeigt sich, dass es Ökonomen und Politikwissenschaftlern bisher kaum gelungen ist, den häufig gefundenen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Demokratie und internationalen Investitionsabkommen schlüssig zu erklären.
Europas Mitte
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian
Published: November 2016

Carl Christian von Weizsäcker schreibt Deutschland aufgrund dessen wirtschaftlicher Stärke und zentraler geographischer Lage entscheidende Bedeutung dafür zu, ob nach dem Brexit die Europäische Union bestehen bleibt und ob der Euro überlebt. Mit dem Fokus auf das Ziel der Stabilisierung des Euro sowie auf Maßnahmen, die Deutschland im Alleingang durchsetzen kann, erörtert er in diesem Beitrag aus aktuellem Anlass sieben wirtschaftspolitische Antworten auf die von ihm diagnostizierte globale „Sparschwemme“. Er empfiehlt den Übergang von der Schuldenbremse zu einer Leistungsbilanzbremse. Eine nahezu ausgeglichene deutsche Leistungsbilanz ließe sich mit einer Senkung der Mehrwertsteuer und mit der somit herbeigeführten staatlichen Nettoneuverschuldung erreichen. Dieser Politikschwenk würde den Euro stabilisieren, da die schwachen Euro-Länder bessere Exportchancen erhielten. Zugleich wäre die Gefahr gebannt, dass eine Erholung der schwachen Euro-Länder zu einer das Wachstum wieder beeinträchtigenden Euro-Aufwertung führen würde. Der Charme des schwachen Euro bliebe erhalten. Die Leistungsbilanzbremse wäre zudem eine starke Waffe gegen den neu erstarkenden Protektionismus, der eine große Gefahr für die deutsche Prosperität darstellt.
Geldpolitik in großen und kleinen Währungsräumen – Was lehrt uns das Beispiel des Schweizer Frankens?
Authors: Baltensperger Ernst
Published: November 2016

In seiner Thünen-Lecture vor dem Verein für Socialpolitik geht Ernst Baltensperger den Fragen nach, wie die Schweiz als relativ kleines Land dazu gekommen ist, eine unabhängige, „autonome“ Geldpolitik mit flexiblen Wechselkursen zu betreiben; wie der Schweizer Franken zur Hartwährung geworden ist; und ob es ein Fluch oder ein Segen ist, eine stabile, starke Währung zu besitzen. Ihr vergleichsweise ausgeprägter Wille zur monetären und finanzpolitischen Stabilität hat die Schweiz im extrem instabilen Umfeld des 20. Jahrhunderts schließlich dazu geführt, monetäre Selbständigkeit zu wählen. Die Stärke des Frankens ist im Grunde die Schwäche der anderen Währungen, verbunden mit dem Wunsch nach Stabilität und der Bereitschaft zur Eigenständigkeit. Entscheidend war, dass es der Schweiz gelungen ist, Institutionen aufzubauen, die sich als fruchtbar für die Schaffung und Erhaltung politischer und wirtschaftlicher Stabilität erwiesen haben. Die Wirtschaftsentwicklung der Schweiz gemäß praktisch allen relevanten Kriterien weist nicht darauf hin, dass sie an ihrer Politik der monetären Stabilität gelitten hat.
Experimental Study of Propulsion Performance by Single-Pulse Rotating Detonation with Gaseous Fuels-Oxygen Mixtures
Authors: Toshimitsu Kazuhiko , Hara Kosei , Mikajiri Shuuto , Takiguchi Naoki
Published: November 2016

A rotating detonation engine (RDE) is one of candidates of aerospace engines for supersonic cruse, which is better for propulsion system than a pulse detonation engine (PDE) from the view of continuous thrust and simple structure. The propulsion performance of a proto-type RDE and a PDE by single pulse explosion with methane-oxygen is investigated. Furthermore, the performance of the RDE with acetylene-oxygen gas mixtures is investigated. Its impulse is estimated through ballistic pendulum method with maximum displacement and damping ratio. The comparison of specific impulses of the mixture gases at atmospheric pressure is shown. The specific impulses of the RDE and the PDE are almost same with methane-oxygen gas. Furthermore, the fuel-base specific impulse of the RDE with acetylene-oxygen gas is about over twice as large as one of methane-oxygen, and its maximum specific impulse is 1100 seconds.
Studies on the Effect of Staggering the Rear Rotor in a Counter Rotating Turbine with Respect to Flow and Performance Parameters
Authors: Subbarao Rayapati , Govardhan M.
Published: November 2016

Counter rotating turbine is an axial turbine with nozzle followed by a rotor and another rotor that rotates in the opposite direction of the first one. Absence of the second guide vane makes it more beneficial. Present work involves computationally studying the performance and flow pattern of CRT with different stagger angles ranging from 8 to 13° in case of rotor 2. Equivalent mass flow rates of 0.091 to 0.137 are considered. Turbine components nozzle, rotor 1 and rotor 2 are modeled for the cases of CRT with and without staggering. Total pressure, entropy and TKE distributions across the blade rows are used to describe the flow through CRT. Results show that the flow composition at the inlet of rotor 2 is improved for staggering cases. Due to this, the performance of rotor 2 and CRT increased with staggering. For the intermediate mass flow rate of 0.108, the efficiency of CRT stage is found to be increasing by 1.2, 2.1 and 1 % for the staggering cases. The beneficial aspect of staggering the rear rotor is thus confirmed that can provide long-term design solutions in terms of reducing weight, losses and improving the performance.
CH* Luminance Distribution Application and a One-Dimensional Model of the Supersonic Combustor Heat Release Quantization
Authors: Wang Z. P. , Gu H. B. , Cheng L. W. , Zhong F. Q. , Zhang X. Y.
Published: November 2016

One-dimensional model is an important way to evaluate the performance and flow characteristics of dual-mode scramjet combustor. Current work is based on a modified one-dimensional model assisted by measurements acquired on a direct-connected scramjet facility. CH* images and gas-sampling facility have been employed to quantify heat release for optimizing one-dimensional model. The results show that modified one-dimensional model gives a better evaluation of axis parameters distribution, especially for Mach number, which is the standard parameter to evaluate combustion mode. The ram/scram mode derived by the analytical results has been investigated. Intensive heat release is beneficial to obtain more stable pre-combustion shock and subsonic flow in the recirculation zone.
Numerical Prediction of Impact of Clearance on Rotordynamic Coefficients for Labyrinth Brush Seal
Authors: Wei Yuan , Dowell Earl H. , Chen Zhaobo
Published: November 2016

The clearance has an obvious influence on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush seals. In order to better know the influence of brush seal on the stability of the rotor bearing system, the rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth brush seal under different clearance cases and operating conditions are numerically analyzed using CFD RANS solutions coupling with a non-Darcian porous medium model. The results show that at the same geometry parameter the radial force and tangential force will increase when the pressure ratio rises. And when the clearance increases, the direct stiffness decreases sharply at first and then rises slightly. The variation of cross-coupled stiffness is complex. Moreover, at the same operating condition the value of direct damping coefficients increases when clearance increases, which add a stable factor to the rotor.
Two highly acetylated sterols from the marine sponge Dysidea sp.
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhao Ming
Published: November 2016

Two new highly acetylated steroids, named dysiroid A (1) and dysiroid B (2), together with a known compound (3) were isolated from the marine sponges Dysidea sp. The chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution electrospray impact mass spectroscopy. Their in vitro antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacterial strains were evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent activity against some of the strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 8 μg mL−1.
Ohmic contacts to InN-based materials
Authors: Sai P. O.
Published: November 2016

The key aspects of ohmic contact formation to InN-based materials were investigated. Detailed analysis of studies conducted over the past three decades, allows determining the basic principles of such contacts. The contact structure properties and optimal conditions for them are presented. Different types of metallization are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of each are determined, including the basic requirements that such contact must meet. There is emphasis on the using multilayer metallization with the barrier layers. In the case of the InAlN/GaN systems, the general approaches of forming ohmic contacts were considered.
Experimental research of transient processes in firmware digital phase-locked loop
Authors: Bondariev A. P. , Altunin S. I.
Published: November 2016

This article considers the experimental research of transient processes that occur in digital phase-locked loops (DPLL) after closing the feedback loop. Firmware implementation of DPLL device was made for this purpose.
The paper shows the block diagram of the DPLL and describes its mathematical model. In particular, the location of poles and zeros of DPLL transfer function was determined by the transfer function of the 2nd order analog PLL and the formulas for digital filter coefficients were deducted. The article also represents the block diagram of hardware part of the firmware DPLL. Its key part is the STM microcontroller which is connected to the PC. For convenience reasons, the unique interface between the microcontroller and the PC was created in order to present waveforms of several signals simultaneously. Moreover, the paper depicts the algorithm of software part of the firmware DPLL in general as well as the detailed algorithm of voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) operation – it works as direct digital synthesizer (DDS).
The experimental research of the frequency acquisition process of harmonic oscillation was performed for three different sets of DPLL parameters. For each case the location of DPLL poles and zeros and plots of DPLL key signals (tracking error, current frequency and phase of output signal) were shown. Obtained diagrams demonstrate that a change of the DPLL natural frequency and damping factor influences on the transient process duration. Pictures signal waveforms from oscilloscope confirm these results. Furthermore, the results of the firmware DPLL research correspond to investigation results of existing simulation model of this DPLL with sufficient accuracy.
Electrical and photoelectric properties of heterostructures NiO/p-CdTe and NiO/n-CdTe
Authors: Parkhomenko H. P. , Maryanchuk P. D.
Published: November 2016

In this study, we investigate the electrical and photoelectric properties of heterostructures formed by the reactive magnetron sputtering of thin film NiO onto p-CdTe and n-CdTe substrates. The current-voltage characteristics of the heterojunctions were measured at room temperature. The dominating current transport mechanisms through the NiO/n-CdTe and NiO/p-CdTe heterojunctions at the forward biases are generation-recombination and tunnel, at the reverse biases is tunnel current transport mechanisms. The heterojunctions under investigation generate open-circuit voltage Uoc = 0.26 V and short-circuit current Isc = 58.7 µÀ/cm2 under illumination 80 mW/cm–2.
The research results can be used for better understanding of the processes occurring in heterojunctions NiO/n-CdTe and NiO/p-CdTe, to further improve their properties and parameters.
Detection of outliers in processing of small size data
Authors: Popukaylo V. S.
Published: November 2016

This article describes the criteria for detection of outliers power depending on a small size sample. Removing outliers is one of the stages of signals pre-processing. Statistical experiment, in which using a random number generator were received arrays of data, containing several thousand samples with normal distribution, with the given mean averages and standard deviation for each n-value, was conducted to solve this problem. Thus, we researched and vividly illustrated the possibility of Grubbs, Dixon, Tietjen—Moore, Irving, Chauvenet, Lvovsky and Romanovsky criteria at studied data sizes from 5 to 20 meterages. Conclusions about the applicability of each criterion for the outliersdetection in processing of small size data were made. Lvovsky criterion was recognized the optimal criterion. Dixon’s criterion was recommended for n £ 10. Irwin’s criterion was recommended when n ³ 10. Tietjen—Moore’scriterion can be recommended for the detection of outliers in small samples for n > 5, since it recognizes errors well in the values of a x-+4s and has the least amount of I type mistakes. Grubb’s with an unknown standard deviation may be used in samples for n ³ 15. Chauvenet and Romanovsky criteria cannot be recommended for the detection of outliers in small size data.
Features frequency conductivity of silicon sensor cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Druzhinin A. A. , Ostrovsky I. P. , Khoverko Yu. N. , Koretsky R. N.
Published: November 2016

Studies of low-temperature features of semiconductor silicon whisker conductivity play a significant role in the development of electronic devices, such as temperature sensors.
The results of studies of the active component of impedance Z' for silicon whiskers obtained at cryogenic temperatures, indicating the increase of its value under temperature decreasing, and showing the frequency dependence in the range from 0 to 250 kHz. It was found that in temperature range 4.2–20 K at a frequency wêð which can amount from 8 to 20 kHz, depending on resistivity and temperature, the hopping conduction with the participation of phonons is observed in whisker samples, resulting in a significant reduction of Z' value at frequencies up to 250 kHz. For example, at a temperature of 4.2 K for the sample with resistivity r300K=0.0168 Ohm×cm the frequency wêð is equal to 8 kHz, and in frequency range up to 250 kHz the active component of impedance is reduced approximately by half. Such behavior of the frequency response for these samples is kept up to 20 K, whereas at 25 K the value of Z' is almost independent of frequency, and at higher temperatures with the increasing of frequency, it slightly increases. Reducing the resistivity of the samples leads to a narrowing of the temperature range, where the hopping conduction is observed, and at r300K = 0.0143 Ohm×cm it is observed only at a helium temperature.
Offset of the frequency wêð from 8 to 20 kHz at the hopping conduction beginning, depending on temperature and the value of resistivity for studied silicon crystals, can be attributed to the change of free charge carriers concentration in such samples, because it determines the effect of Coulomb gap on wêð.
Experimental study of low-temperature conductivity of silicon whiskers allowed proposing the temperature sensor operable at temperature range 4.2–100 K. The sensor works on alternating current, because it avoids the sell-heating of sensitive element and the occurrence of «parasitic» thermopower, which also affects the accuracy of temperature measurement.
Coordinate-sensitive charged particle detector for spectroscopy
Authors: Sidorenko V. P. , Prokofiev Yu. V. , Murchenko D. S. , Yeremenko V. M. , Shelekhov A. V.
Published: November 2016

The authors have designed, manufactured and tested a coordinate-sensitive detector for charged particle spectroscopy. The detector can be used in the devices for the elemental analysis of materials, providing simultaneous analysis of all the elemental composition with high sensitivity and precision. The designed device is based on an integrated circuit (IC) and a microchannel plate (MCP) electron multiplier. The IC is mounted on a ceramic substrate. Ions fall on the MCP mounted above the IC. Giving rise to a pulse which typically exceeds 106 electrons, each ion falls on the detector electrodes and these pulses are counted. In this research, a two stage stack of MCPs (Hamamatsu) was used. The MCPs have a channel diameter of 12 mm on a 15 mm pitch. The results of tests carried out in a mass spectrometer are presented. The designed detector is small, light, and low-power.
Model of correlation between geometry of thermoelectric branches and reliability indicators of single-stage coolers in Q0max mode
Authors: Zaikov V. P. , Meshcheryakov V. M. , Zhuravlev Yu. I.
Published: November 2016

The authors consider the influence of the geometry of thermoelectric branches on the performance reliability of single-stage thermoelectric devices (TED) operating at maximum cooling capacity at 2.0 W thermal load for any values of temperature difference (from 10 to 60 K). A model of correlation of these parameters is presented. It is shown that when the ratio of height of a thermoelectric branch to its cross-section area decreases, failure rate of a single-stage TED reduces, and therefore failure-free operation probability increases.