P-391 Association between meteorological season at the time of embryo transfer and pregnancy outcomes in freeze-all cycles: lessons from seasonal reproductive mammals
Authors: Iaconelli C , Braga D , Setti A , Guilherme P , Yamakami L , Iaconelli Junior A , Borges E 
Published: July 2024

Study question

Is there any effect of meteorological season at the time of embryo transfer on clinical outcomes of freeze-all cycles?

Summary answer

Optimal conditions for implantation appear to be associated with spring and summer. Embryo transfers performed in autumn or winter are associated with reduced ongoing pregnancy.

What is known already

Extensive research has consistently shown that most mammals are seasonal breeders, and as day length increases, gonadotropin secretion increases, to anticipate reproduction in the spring and summer months. There is intriguing evidence that there is a seasonal variance in human reproduction, but the data are inconclusive. Therefore, the goal for the present study was to evaluate the effect the meteorological season at the time of embryo transfer on clinical outcomes of freeze-all cycles.

Study design, size, duration

This historical cohort study was performed in a private university-affiliated IVF center between February 2018 and December 2022. A total of 4952 frozen-thawed embryos transferred to 3725 cycles in a single clinic were analyzed.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Both vitrification and the warming procedures were performed using the Cryotop method. Embryos survival and clinical outcomes were analyzed by the season, at the time of embryo transfer, using generalized linear models adjusted for potential confounders.

Main results and the role of chance

The mean maternal age was 37.0 ± 4.7 years. Embryos were cryopreserved for a mean of 8.1 ± 17.3 months. Autumn was designated as the reference season for all analyses. No significant differences were observed in embryo survival rates when the seasons were compared, however, lowest implantation and pregnancy rates were observed when embryo transfers occurred in autumn (44.6%), followed by winter (45.8%, OR: 1.049, CI: 0.876 – 1.257, p = 0.603) and summer (49.0%, OR: 1.196, CI: 1.010 – 1.415, p = 0.038), while spring embryo transfers had a 30% increased odds of pregnancy (51.2%, OR: 1.302, CI: 1.100 – 1.541, p = 0.002). An increased miscarriage rate was observed when embryo transfers occurred in autumn (13.9%), followed by winter (11.4%, OR: 0.510, CI: 0.323 – 0.805, p = 0.004) and summer (10.4%, OR: 0.461, CI: 0.292 – 0.727, p = 0.001), while spring embryo transfers had a 63% decreased odds of miscarriage (5.6%, OR: 0.369, CI: 0.230 – 0.592, p &lt; 0.001).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The use of historical cohort groups is a drawback. Despite the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis, potential differences in the baseline characteristics cannot be ruled out.

Wider implications of the findings

In seasonal breeding mammals, melatonin increases the gonadotropins’ release during the transition period. Melatonin rise favors embryo implantation and protects offspring by increasing progesterone levels. Our evidence suggests that human reproductive potential may be influenced by climatic variations.

Trial registration number

N/A