bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapists’ Experiences of Psychodynamic Therapy with and without Transference Interventions for Adolescents with Depression
Authors: Jones Maria , Råbu Marit , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Ulberg Randi
Published: June 2020

Psychodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for depression. However, a large number of adolescent patients with depression do not respond and/or drop out of therapy and little is known about what therapists actually do in therapy with adolescents. Thus, more research is needed to explore the various actions that therapists do in therapy, so that therapists can tailor their therapy more specifically to each individual adolescent. The present study aimed to investigate how the experience of psychotherapists differs between two treatment modes for adolescents with depression: psychodynamic psychotherapy with and without transference interventions. In-depth interviews were conducted with six therapists. The data, which were analyzed using thematic analysis, generated three key themes: (1) The therapists experienced that transference interventions are often useful in therapies with adolescents with depression, (2) therapies without transference interventions can be challenging for therapists, but still helpful for patients, and (3) the experience contributed to the deepening recognition of therapists that they always need to adapt their techniques to the particular patient. The results enhance our knowledge of the significance of therapists’ actions in therapy with adolescents. The therapists highlighted issues that are important for identifying barriers to incorporating new knowledge into clinical practice.
Achieving a Covid-19 Free Country: Citizens Preventive Measures and Communication Pathways
Authors: Kamenidou Irene (Eirini) , Stavrianea Aikaterini , Liava Christina
Published: June 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale in an extremely short time, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, and, at the same time, triggering extreme panic. Prevention in medicine is considered the best protection action for individuals in order to avoid infections. This study investigates whether Greek citizens (N = 3359) take the necessary precautions to prevent developing the COVID-19 disease, and it segments them based on homogenous behavior groups. Lastly, it provides communication techniques that should be implemented, targeting each citizen segment for a long-term COVID-19 free country. Data analysis revealed the extent of the applied precaution measures. The ones most applied by citizens were to avoid non-mandatory transportation, contact with individuals with respiratory symptoms, and individuals of high risk for severe illness (vulnerable groups). On the other hand, the least applied measures are daily checks of body temperature, monitoring for fever, cough, or dyspnea, use of a face mask when in public places, or when using public transportation. Additionally, cluster analysis revealed five groups of citizens based on self-reported behavior, namely, the Meticulous Proactive Citizens, the Self-isolated Citizens, the Cautious Citizens, the Occasionally Cautious Citizens, and the Unconcerned Citizens. Communication strategies targeting each segment are also discussed.
Until Death Do Us Part. The Influence of Own and Partner’s Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Spanish Middle-Aged Population
Authors: Gumà Jordi , Spijker Jeroen
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To explore whether the influence of a partner’s socioeconomic status (SES) on health has an additive or a combined effect with the ego’s SES. Methods: With data on 4533 middle-aged (30–59) different-sex couples from the 2012 Spanish sample of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey, we apply separate sex-specific logistic regression models to calculate predicted probabilities of having less than good self-perceived health according to individual and partner’s characteristics separately and combined. Results: Both approaches led to similar results: Having a partner with better SES reduces the probabilities of not having good health. However, the combined approach is more precise in disentangling SES effects. For instance, having a higher educated partner only benefits health among Spanish low-educated men, while men’s health is worse if they have a working spouse. Conversely, women’s health is positively influenced if at least one couple member is economically active. Conclusions: There are significant health differences between individuals according to their own and their partner’s SES in an apparently advantageous population group (i.e., individuals living with a partner). The combinative approach permits obtaining more precise couple-specific SES profiles.
Association between Shift Work and Neurocognitive Function among Firefighters in South Korea: A Prospective before–after Study
Authors: Kwak Kyeongmin , Kim Bong-Kyu , Jang Tae-Won , Sim Chang Sun , Ahn Yeon-Soon , Choi Kyeong-Sook , Jeong Kyoung Sook
Published: June 2020

Background: Recent research indicates that shift work is associated with neurocognitive function. However, studies that examine the association between shift work and neurocognitive function in firefighters have not yet been performed. We examined the effect of shift work on neurocognitive function in firefighters by measuring and comparing neurocognitive function before and after night shift. Methods: 352 firefighters from eight fire stations in South Korea were included in this study. We performed neurocognitive function test using central nervous system vital signs (CNSVS) during daytime work and on the next day after night work. We performed paired t-tests to assess differences between neurocognitive function before and after night work. We also compared neurocognitive function in insomnia and depression. We used a general linear model to analyze the associations between shiftwork schedule and the changes in neurocognitive function. Results: The neurocognitive function significantly decreased in six domains (composite memory, verbal memory, visual memory, complex attention, psychomotor speed, and motor speed) as did the neurocognitive index on the next day after night work compared with during day work. These decreased domains were the same following night work regardless of the type of shift work. Conclusion: Night work in firefighters may cause neurocognitive decline.
Lessons from the Implementation of Pilot Practices to Tackle the Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Europe
Authors: Sarría-Santamera Antonio , Pinilla-Navas Lorena , González-Soriano Patricia , Imaz-Iglesia Iñaki , Moreno-Casbas Teresa , Corral Teresa
Published: June 2020

(1) Background: The gap between research findings and their application in routine practice implies that patients and populations are not benefiting from the investment in scientific research. The objective of this work is to describe the process and main lessons obtained from the pilot practices and recommendation that have been implemented by CHRODIS-PLUS partner organizations; (2) Methods: CHRODIS-PLUS is a Joint Action funded by the European Union Health Programme that continues the work of Joint Action CHRODIS-JA. CHRODIS-PLUS has developed an Implementation Strategy that is being tested to implement innovative practices and recommendations in four main areas of action: health promotion and disease prevention, multimorbidity, fostering quality of care of patients with chronic diseases, and employment and chronic conditions; (3) Results: The Three-Stages CHRODIS-PLUS Implementation Strategy, based on a Local Implementation Working Group, has demonstrated that it can be applied for interventions and in situations and contexts of great diversity, reflecting both its validity and generalizability; (4) Conclusions: Implementation has to recognize the social dynamics associated with implementation, ensuring sympathy toward the culture and values that underpin these processes, which is a key differentiation from more linear improvement approaches.
Association between Statin Use and Balance in Older Adults
Authors: Langeard Antoine , Saillant Kathia , Charlebois Cloutier Elisabeth , Gayda Mathieu , Lesage Frédéric , Nigam Anil , Bherer Louis , Fraser Sarah A.
Published: June 2020

Background: Several medications have been associated with an increased risk of balance deficits and greater likelihood to sustain a fall, representing a large health and economic issue. Statins are regularly prescribed to prevent strokes and heart attacks, but their impact on balance is unknown. The aim of this paper was to determine whether statin use is associated with poorer balance performances in older adults. Methods: All participants, one group taking statins (n = 34), and the other group not taking statins (n = 31), completed a balance assessment with their eyes closed and their eyes opened on a MatScan Pressure Sensing Mat. Center of Pressure (CoP) velocity, peak-to-peak distance, and standard deviation were collected in both anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each balance outcome, testing the statin use status as a predictor and controlling for appropriate factors including participants characteristics, lipid profile, and cardiovascular disease. Results: After controlling for confounding factors, statin use significantly predicted both CoP ML-Amplitude (β = 0.638, p = 0.004) and ML-Velocity (β = 0.653, p = 0.002) in the eyes-opened condition. Conclusions: The present study detected a negative association between statin use and balance control in the ML direction, suggesting that caution should be taken when prescribing statins in older adults, as this could decrease ML stability and ultimately increase fall and fracture risks.
Differences in Anthropometric and Clinical Features among Preschoolers, School-Age Children, and Adolescents with Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Hospital-Based Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chuang Hai-Hua , Hsu Jen-Fu , Chuang Li-Pang , Chen Ning-Hung , Huang Yu-Shu , Li Hsueh-Yu , Chen Jau-Yuan , Lee Li-Ang , Huang Chung-Guei
Published: June 2020

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes; however, little is known about the diversity of this population. This retrospective study aims to investigate age-related differences in the anthropometric and clinical features of this population. A total of 253 Taiwanese children (70 (27.7%) girls and 183 (72.3%) boys) with OSA were reviewed. Their median age, body mass index (BMI) z-score, and apnea-hypopnea index were 6.9 years, 0.87, and 9.5 events/h, respectively. The cohort was divided into three subgroups: ‘preschoolers’ (≥2 and <6 years), ‘school-age children’ (≥6 and <10 years), and ‘adolescents (≥10 and <18 years)’. The percentage of the male sex, BMI z-score, neck circumference, systolic blood pressure z-score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio tended to increase with age. Adenoid grades tended to decrease with age. Overall, disease severity was independently correlated with neck circumference, tonsil size, and adenoid grade. Increased neck circumference and tonsillar hypertrophy were the most influential factors for younger children, whereas adenoidal hypertrophy became more important at an older age. In conclusion, gender prevalence ratio, anthropometric measures, and clinical features varied with age, and the pathogenic drivers were not necessarily the same as the aggravating ones.
A Three-Arm Randomised Controlled Trial of High- and Low-Intensity Implementation Strategies to Support Centre-Based Childcare Service Implementation of Nutrition Guidelines: 12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Grady Alice , Seward Kirsty , Finch Meghan , Wolfenden Luke , Wyse Rebecca , Wiggers John , Lecathelinais Christophe , Yoong Sze Lin
Published: June 2020

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a suite of implementation strategies of varying intensities on centre-based childcare service implementation of nutrition guideline recommendations at 12-month follow-up. A six-month three-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial was undertaken with 69 services, randomised to one of three arms: high-intensity strategies (executive support; group face-to-face training; provision of resources; multiple rounds of audit and feedback; ongoing face-to-face and phone support); low-intensity strategies (group face-to-face training; provision of resources; single round of audit and feedback); or usual care control. Across all study arms, only three high-intensity services were compliant with overall nutrition guidelines. A significant group interaction was found between the three arms for compliance with individual food groups. Relative to control, a significantly greater proportion of low-intensity services were compliant with dairy, and a significantly greater proportion of high-intensity services were compliant with fruit, vegetables, dairy, breads and cereals, and discretionary foods. No significant differences between the high- and low-intensity for individual food group compliance were found. High-intensity implementation strategies may be effective in supporting childcare service implementation of individual food group recommendations. Further research is warranted to identify strategies effective in increasing overall nutrition compliance.
Caesarean Section on Maternal Request: An Italian Comparative Study on Patients’ Characteristics, Pregnancy Outcomes and Guidelines Overview
Authors: Masciullo Luisa , Petruzziello Luciano , Perrone Giuseppina , Pecorini Francesco , Remiddi Caterina , Galoppi Paola , Brunelli Roberto
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the rate of caesarean sections has risen all over the world. Accordingly, efforts are being made worldwide to understand this trend and to counteract it effectively. Several factors have been identified as contributing to the selection of caesarean section (CS), especially an obstetricians’ beliefs, attitudes and clinical practices. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms involved, to explore influencing factors and to clearly define the risks associated with the caesarean section on maternal request (CSMR). This comparative study was conducted to elucidate the factors influencing the choice of CSMR, as well as to compare the associated risks of CSMR to CS for breech presentation among Italian women. From 2015 to 2018, a total of 2348 women gave birth by caesarean section, of which 8.60% (202 women) chose a CSMR. We found that high educational attainment, use of assisted reproductive technology, previous operative deliveries and miscarriages within the obstetric history could be positively correlated with the choice of CSMR in a statistically significant way. This trend was not confirmed when the population was stratified based on patients’ characteristics, obstetric complications and gestational age. Finally, no major complications were found in patients that underwent CSMR. We believe that it is essential to evaluate patients on a case-by-case basis. It is essential to understand the personal experience, to explain the knowledge available on the subject and to ensure a full understanding of the risks and benefits of the medical practice to guarantee the patients not only their best scientific preparation but also human understanding.
Productivity Burden of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Australia: A Life Table Modelling Study
Authors: Si Si , Lewkowski Kate , Fritschi Lin , Heyworth Jane , Liew Danny , Li Ian
Published: June 2020

Background: Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) is one of the most common yet preventable occupational diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of ONIHL in the Australian working population by quantifying and monetising ONIHL—related loss of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) and Productivity Adjusted Life Years (PALYs). Methods: We simulated the number of moderate-to-severe ONIHL by multiplying the age-specific prevalence of occupational noise exposure by the excess risks of ONIHL. Life table modelling was applied to workers with ONIHL. The QALY and PALY weights attributable to hearing loss were sourced from published data. The 2016 Gross Domestic Product per full-time equivalent worker in Australia was used to estimate the cost of productivity loss due to ONIHL. The cost due to the loss of well-being was quantified using willingness to pay thresholds derived from an Australian longitudinal study. Results: Under current occupational noise exposure levels in Australia, we estimated that over 80,000 male workers and over 31,000 female workers would develop ONIHL over 10 years of exposure. Following this cohort until the age of 65 years, the estimated loss of QALYs and PALYs were 62,218 and 135,561 respectively, with a projected loss of AUD 5.5 billion and AUD 21.3 billion due to well-being and productivity loss, respectively. Reducing noise exposure at work would substantially reduce the economic burden of ONIHL. Conclusion: ONIHL imposes substantial burden on Australian economy. Interventions to reduce occupational noise exposure are warranted.
Mobilizing for Community Benefits to Assess Health and Promote Environmental Justice near the Gordie Howe International Bridge
Authors: Sampson Natalie , Sagovac Simone , Schulz Amy , Fink Lauren , Mentz Graciela , Reyes Angela , Rice Kristina , de Majo Ricardo , Gamboa Cindy , Vial Bridget
Published: June 2020

Transportation infrastructure decisions contribute to social, economic, and health inequities in the U.S. Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) may improve understanding of potential strategies to mitigate adverse effects on quality of life from planned developments. We use the Gordie Howe International Bridge (GHIB), currently under construction in southwest Detroit, MI, as a case study to examine 15 years of community mobilization, which resulted in community benefits that included an HIA. We describe community engagement processes, household survey methods, and select findings of the baseline HIA, with a focus on their application to inform recommendations to promote quality of life. Baseline HIA results indicated significantly higher self-reported asthma rates among children living within 500 feet of trucking routes. Residents reported substantial economic (e.g., decreased home values), health (e.g., adverse outcomes, lack of health care access), and environmental (e.g., air pollution) concerns related to the GHIB. We discuss specific recommendations, based on HIA results, to reduce adverse impacts of the GHIB. These recommendations will inform ongoing community benefits negotiations. This case study provides lessons for community, academic, and government partners conducting HIAs, especially during building and operation of major infrastructure, and discusses their potential role in improving community engagement opportunities towards environmental justice.
A Sightseeing Spot Recommendation System That Takes into Account the Visiting Frequency of Users
Authors: Kato Yudai , Yamamoto Kayoko
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to design, develop, operate and evaluate a sightseeing spot recommendation system that can efficiently and usefully support tourists while considering their visiting frequencies. This system was developed by integrating social networking services (SNSs), Web-geographic information systems (GIS) and recommendation systems. The system recommends sightseeing spots to users with different visiting frequencies, adopting two recommendation methods (knowledge-based recommendation and collaborative recommendation methods). Additionally, the system was operated for six weeks in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and the total number of users was 61. Based on the results of the web questionnaire survey, the usefulness of the system when sightseeing was high, and the recommendation function of sightseeing spots, which is an original function, received mainly good ratings. From the results of the access analysis of users’ log data, the total number of sessions in this system was 329, 77% used mobile devices, and smartphones were used most frequently. Therefore, it is evident that the system was used by different types of devices just as it was designed for, and that the system was used according to the purpose of the present study, which is to support the sightseeing activities of users.
Urban Ageing in Europe—Spatiotemporal Analysis of Determinants
Authors: Lewandowska-Gwarda Karolina , Antczak Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to identify determinants of the population ageing process in 270 European cities. We analyzed the proportion of older people: men and women separately (aged 65 or above) in city populations in the years 1990–2018. To understand territorially-varied relationships and to increase the explained variability of phenomena, an explanatory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied. We used ArcGIS and GeoDa software in this study. In our research, we also took into account the spatial interactions as well as the structure of cities by size and level of economic development. Results of the analysis helped to explain why some urban areas are ageing faster than others. An initial data analysis indicated that the proportion of the elderly in the population was spatially diversified and dependent on gender, as well as the size and economic development of a unit. In general, elderly individuals were more willing to live in larger and highly developed cities; however, women tended to live in large areas and men in medium-sized to large urban areas. Then, we conducted the urban ageing modelling for men and women separately. The application of GWR models enabled not only the specification of the city population ageing determinants, but also the analysis of the variability in the strength and direction of dependencies occurring between the examined variables in individual cities. Significant differences were noted in the analysis results for specific cities, which were often grouped due to similar parameter values, forming clusters that divided Europe into the eastern and western parts. Moreover, substantial differences in results were obtained for women and men.
Referral and Lost to System Rates of Two Newborn Hearing Screening Programs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Ahmad A.
Published: June 2020

Congenital hearing loss has been commonly reported as a significant health problem. Lost to system (LTS) is a major challenge facing newborn hearing screening (NHS) programs. This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to determine the referral and LTS rates after the two-stage NHS based on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in two main hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA). NHS was performed on newborns before hospital discharge. Newborns were only rescreened if NHS initially revealed a fail/refer outcome in one or both ears. Those who failed the first and second screenings or had risk factors were referred for auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing to confirm or exclude hearing loss. In total, 20,171 newborns (40,342 ears; 52% males; 48% females) were screened, of whom 19,498 (96.66%) passed the initial screening, while 673 (3.34%) failed. Of the 673 newborns, 235 (34.92%) were LTS, and 438 (65.08%) were rescreened, of whom 269 (61.42%) failed and were referred for a comprehensive audiological assessment to confirm the existence of hearing loss. The referral rate after the initial two-stage screening was equal to 1.33%. The lack of awareness of the importance of NHS among parents seems to be the major cause behind the LTS rate. The stakeholders have to work efficiently to reduce the LTS rate.
Performance of Expanded Newborn Screening in Norway Supported by Post-Analytical Bioinformatics Tools and Rapid Second-Tier DNA Analyses
Authors: Tangeraas Trine , Sæves Ingjerd , Klingenberg Claus , Jørgensen Jens , Kristensen Erle , Gunnarsdottir Gunnþórunn , Hansen Eirik Vangsøy , Strand Janne , Lundman Emma , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Salvador Cathrin Lytomt , Woldseth Berit , Bliksrud Yngve T. , Sagredo Carlos , Olsen Øyvind E. , Berge Mona C. , Trømborg Anette Kjoshagen , Ziegler Anders , Zhang Jin Hui , Sørgjerd Linda Karlsen , Ytre-Arne Mari , Hogner Silje , Løvoll Siv M. , Kløvstad Olavsen Mette R. , Navarrete Dionne , Gaup Hege J. , Lilje Rina , Zetterström Rolf H. , Stray-Pedersen Asbjørg , Rootwelt Terje , Rinaldo Piero , Rowe Alexander D. , Pettersen Rolf D.
Published: June 2020

In 2012, the Norwegian newborn screening program (NBS) was expanded (eNBS) from screening for two diseases to that for 23 diseases (20 inborn errors of metabolism, IEMs) and again in 2018, to include a total of 25 conditions (21 IEMs). Between 1 March 2012 and 29 February 2020, 461,369 newborns were screened for 20 IEMs in addition to phenylketonuria (PKU). Excluding PKU, there were 75 true-positive (TP) (1:6151) and 107 (1:4311) false-positive IEM cases. Twenty-one percent of the TP cases were symptomatic at the time of the NBS results, but in two-thirds, the screening result directed the exact diagnosis. Eighty-two percent of the TP cases had good health outcomes, evaluated in 2020. The yearly positive predictive value was increased from 26% to 54% by the use of the Region 4 Stork post-analytical interpretive tool (R4S)/Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports 2.0 (CLIR), second-tier biochemical testing and genetic confirmation using DNA extracted from the original dried blood spots. The incidence of IEMs increased by 46% after eNBS was introduced, predominantly due to the finding of attenuated phenotypes. The next step is defining which newborns would truly benefit from screening at the milder end of the disease spectrum. This will require coordinated international collaboration, including proper case definitions and outcome studies.
Open-Source Digitally Replicable Lab-Grade Scales
Authors: Hubbard Benjamin R. , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: June 2020

This study provides designs for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source lab-grade digital scale that can be used as a precision balance. The design is such that it can be manufactured for use in most labs throughout the world with open-source RepRap-class material extrusion-based 3-D printers for the mechanical components and readily available open-source electronics including the Arduino Nano. Several versions of the design were fabricated and tested for precision and accuracy for a range of load cells. The results showed the open-source scale was found to be repeatable within 0.05 g with multiple load cells, with even better precision (0.005 g) depending on load cell range and style. The scale tracks linearly with proprietary lab-grade scales, meeting the performance specified in the load cell data sheets, indicating that it is accurate across the range of the load cell installed. The smallest load cell tested (100 g) offers precision on the order of a commercial digital mass balance. The scale can be produced at significant cost savings compared to scales of comparable range and precision when serial capability is present. The cost savings increase significantly as the range of the scale increases and are particularly well-suited for resource-constrained medical and scientific facilities.
Studies on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Betel Nut Husk Nano Cellulose Reinforced Biodegradable Polymer Composites
Authors: Sultana Tanvir , Sultana Shahin , Nur Husna Parvin , Khan Md Wahab
Published: June 2020

Nanocellulose has recently gained a significant level of attention from academic and industrial researchers due to its non-toxic, biocompatible, bio-degradable, low-cost, and easy availability that connects many applications. In this research, cellulose extracted from betel nut husk fiber (BNHF) was converted to nanocellulose by chemical technique to examine their potential for use as reinforcement in bio-composite applications. The cellulose isolated from BNHF was subjected to acid hydrolysis using 62% sulfuric acid under ultrasonic treatment to convert cellulose into nanocellulose. The particle size of nanocellulose was determined by particle size analyzer. The morphology, structure and thermal properties of nanocellulose were also determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The bio-composites of nanocellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose–PVA were prepared with different weight percentages (1–5%) of nanocellulose and cellulose via casting methods. The tensile, thermal and morphological properties were characterized for all composites. Enhancement in the tensile, thermal, and morphological properties was found in the nanocellulose–PVA biocomposites.
Developmental Biology: An Introduction and Invitation
Authors: Conway Simon J.
Published: June 2020

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A Mesh Deformation Method for CFD-Based Hull form Optimization
Authors: Jeong Kwang-Leol , Jeong Se-Min
Published: June 2020

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an effective tool for ship resistance prediction and hull form optimization. A three-dimensional volume mesh is essential for CFD simulation, and mesh generation requires much time and effort. Mesh deformation can reduce the time for mesh generation and simulation. The radial basis function (RBF) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) methods are well-known mesh deformation methods. In this study, the two methods are compared and a novel mesh deformation method for hull form optimization is proposed. For the comparison, a circular cylinder polyhedral mesh was deformed to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0012 mesh. The results showed that the RBF method is faster than the IDW method, but the deformed mesh quality using the IDW method is better than that using the RBF method. Thus, the RBF method was modified to improve the deformed mesh quality. The centroids of the boundary layer cells were added to the control points, and the displacements of the centroids were calculated using the IDW method. The cells far from the ship were aligned to the free surface to minimize the numerical diffusion of the volume of fluid function. Therefore, the deformable region was limited by the deformed boundary, which reduced the time required for mesh deformation. To validate its applicability, the proposed method was applied for varying the bow shape of Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC). The resistances were calculated with the deformed meshes. The calculation time was reduced to approximately one-third using the result of the initial hull form as the initial condition. Thus, the proposed mesh deformation method is efficient and effective enough for CFD-based hull form optimization.
Rat Animal Model of Pectus Excavatum
Authors: David Vlad-Laurentiu , Ciornei Bogdan , Horhat Florin-George , Amaricai Elena , Horhat Ioana-Delia , Hoinoiu Teodora , Boia Eugen-Sorin
Published: June 2020

Background: pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital deformity of the thoracic wall. Lately, significant achievements have been made in finding new, less invasive treatment methods for PE. However, most of the experimental work was carried out without the help of an animal model. In this report we describe a method to create an animal model for PE in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: We selected 15 Sprague-Dawley rat pups and divided them into two groups: 10 for the experimental group (EG) and 5 for the control group (CG). We surgically resected the last four pairs of costal cartilages in rats from the EG. The animals were assessed by CT-scan prior to surgery and weekly for four consecutive weeks. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the thoracic cage was dissected from the surrounding tissue. Results: On the first postoperative CT, seven days after surgery, we observed a marked depression of the lower sternum in all animals from the EG. This deformity was present at every CT-scan after surgery and at the post-euthanasia assessment. Conclusions: By decreasing the structural strength of the lower costal cartilages, we produced a PE animal model in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Development of a Simple Kinetic Mathematical Model of Aggregation of Particles or Clustering of Receptors
Authors: Garzon Dasgupta Andrei K. , Martyanov Alexey A. , Filkova Aleksandra A. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Sveshnikova Anastasia N.
Published: June 2020

The process of clustering of plasma membrane receptors in response to their agonist is the first step in signal transduction. The rate of the clustering process and the size of the clusters determine further cell responses. Here we aim to demonstrate that a simple 2-differential equation mathematical model is capable of quantitative description of the kinetics of 2D or 3D cluster formation in various processes. Three mathematical models based on mass action kinetics were considered and compared with each other by their ability to describe experimental data on GPVI or CR3 receptor clustering (2D) and albumin or platelet aggregation (3D) in response to activation. The models were able to successfully describe experimental data without losing accuracy after switching between complex and simple models. However, additional restrictions on parameter values are required to match a single set of parameters for the given experimental data. The extended clustering model captured several properties of the kinetics of cluster formation, such as the existence of only three typical steady states for this system: unclustered receptors, receptor dimers, and clusters. Therefore, a simple kinetic mass-action-law-based model could be utilized to adequately describe clustering in response to activation both in 2D and in 3D.
The Effect of Nanosizing on the Oxidation of Partially Oxidized Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Leitner Jindřich , Sedmidubský David , Lojka Michal , Jankovský Ondřej
Published: June 2020

Copper nanoparticles are of great interest in various applications, such as catalysis, cooling fluids, conductive inks or for their antibacterial activity. In this paper, the thermal behavior of copper nanoparticles was studied using thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Original Cu samples as well as the products of oxidation were analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. A step-by-step oxidation mechanism during the oxidation of Cu nano-powders was observed. The Cu-nano oxidation starts slightly above 150 °C when bulk copper does not yet react. The dominant oxidation product in the first step is Cu2O while CuO was identified as the final state of oxidation. Our results confirm an easier oxidation process of Cu-nano than Cu-micro particles, which must be attributed to kinetic not thermodynamic aspects of oxidation reactions.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies on Thermal Properties of Polyester Nonwoven Fibrous Material
Authors: Yang Tao , Xiong Xiaoman , Petrů Michal , Tan Xiaodong , Kaneko Hiroki , Militký Jiří , Sakuma Atsushi
Published: June 2020

Polyester nonwoven fibrous material is widely used in construction and automobile industries for thermal insulation purposes. It is worthy and meaningful to understand the effect of structural parameters on the thermal property. Fiber orientation, as one of the most vital parameters, has a significant effect on thermal property. However, there has been little quantitative analysis focusing on this aspect. This paper theoretically and experimentally analyzes the thermal conductivity of samples with varying fiber orientation. Existing models were selected to predict the thermal conductivity of polyester nonwoven samples. Two different apparatus were applied to carry out the experimental measurements. The relative differences between the predicted and measured results were compared. One commonly used model was modified for accurate prediction. It was shown that some existing models under- or overestimate the thermal conductivity compared to the measured values. The results indicate that the modified model can accurately predict the thermal conductivity of polyester nonwoven materials within a 0.2% relative difference.
Performance Analysis of PCM Ceiling Coupling with Earth-Air Heat Exchanger for Building Cooling
Authors: Lu Shilei , Liang Bin , Li Xinhua , Kong Xiangfei , Jia Wei , Wang Lu
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the systematic application of phase change materials (PCM) is continuously developing. In this paper, an innovative PCM ceiling coupled with earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) cooling system was proposed for building cooling. The system aimed to combine the cooling capacity of soil and the energy storage capacity of PCM, thus improving the indoor thermal environment. Performance of the system was tested by experimental method while data analysis focused on the indoor side. To research the effect of cold storage time on the performance of the system, two different operation strategies were adopted for comparison: 8-h cold storage strategy and 12-h cold storage strategy. Moreover, a control group was set up to observe the performance of the system on indoor temperature under the same weather conditions. The result showed that the experimental room in which we installed this system could reduce peak temperature by 2.1 °C under 8-h timed cold storage strategy and 2.7 °C under 12-h timed cold storage strategy. What is more, under the two operation strategies, temperature and heat flux of the PCM ceiling had similar distribution characteristics. Different strategies mainly affected the sustainability of the system and phase transition efficiency of the PCM ceiling.
A Review on the Biocompatibility of PMMA-Based Dental Materials for Interim Prosthetic Restorations with a Glimpse into Their Modern Manufacturing Techniques
Authors: Pituru Silviu Mirel , Greabu Maria , Totan Alexandra , Imre Marina , Pantea Mihaela , Spinu Tudor , Tancu Ana Maria Cristina , Popoviciu Nicoleta Olivia , Stanescu Iulia-Ioana , Ionescu Ecaterina
Published: June 2020

This paper’s primary aim is to outline relevant aspects regarding the biocompatibility of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate))-based materials used for obtaining interim prosthetic restorations, such as the interaction with oral epithelial cells, fibroblasts or dental pulp cells, the salivary oxidative stress response, and monomer release. Additionally, the oral environment’s biochemical response to modern interim dental materials containing PMMA (obtained via subtractive or additive methods) is highlighted in this review. The studies included in this paper confirmed that PMMA-based materials interact in a complex way with the oral environment, and therefore, different concerns about the possible adverse oral effects caused by these materials were analyzed. Adjacent to these aspects, the present work describes several advantages of PMMA-based dental materials. Moreover, the paper underlines that recent scientific studies ascertain that the modern techniques used for obtaining interim prosthetic materials, milled PMMA, and 3D (three-dimensional) printed resins, have distinctive advantages compared to the conventional ones. However, considering the limited number of studies focusing on the chemical composition and biocompatibility of these modern interim prosthetic materials, especially for the 3D printed ones, more aspects regarding their interaction with the oral environment need to be further investigated.
Improving Sodium Alginate Films Properties by Phenolic Acid Addition
Authors: Kaczmarek Beata
Published: June 2020

Currently, packaging materials constitute a group of the most commonly used products. Natural polymers are widely tested as potential packaging materials to replace traditional plastics. Sodium alginate is eco-friendly and reveals effective film-forming properties whereas tannic acid has been proposed as a sodium alginate cross-linker. Thin films of sodium alginate/tannic acid were obtained by solvent evaporation. Interactions between the components were determined as well as the maximum tensile strength and color change after contact with different solutions. Improvement in the physicochemical properties of the obtained films was noticed. Moreover, such films showed antioxidant properties. It may be assumed that materials based on a sodium alginate/tannic acid mixture are promising alternatives to traditional packaging materials.
Multi-Response Optimization of Electrical Discharge Drilling Process of SS304 for Energy Efficiency, Product Quality, and Productivity
Authors: Nguyen Trung-Thanh , Tran Van-Tuan , Mia Mozammel
Published: June 2020

The electrical discharge drilling (EDD) process is an effective machining approach to produce various holes in difficult-to-cut materials. However, the energy efficiency of the EDD operation has not thoroughly been considered in published works. The aim of the current work is to optimize varied parameters for enhancing the material removal rate (MRR), saving drilled energy (ED), and decreasing the expansion of the hole (HE) for the EDD process. Three advanced factors, including the gap voltage adjustor (GAP), capacitance parallel connection (CAP), and servo sensitivity selection (SV), are considered. The predictive models of the performances were proposed with the support of the adaptive neuro-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). An integrative approach combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm (NCGA) was employed to select optimal factors. The findings revealed the optimal values of the CAP, GAP, and SV were 6, 5, and 4, respectively. Moreover, the ED and HE were decreased by 16.78% and 28.68%, while the MRR was enhanced by 89.72%, respectively, as compared to the common setting values. The explored outcome can be employed as a technical solution to enhance the energy efficiency, drilled quality, and productivity of the EDD operation.
Effect of Cu- and Zn-Doped Bioactive Glasses on the In Vitro Bioactivity, Mechanical and Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable PDLLA Scaffolds
Authors: Bejarano Julian , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Covarrubias Cristian , Palza Humberto
Published: June 2020

Biodegradable polymer scaffolds filled with bioactive glass particles doped with therapeutic metal ions are a novel and promising strategy to repair critical-sized bone defects. In this study, scaffolds based on a poly (D, L-lactide acid) (PDLLA) matrix filled with un-doped and Cu-, Zn- and CuZn-doped bioactive glass particles were produced by freeze-drying and a salt-leaching method. The effects of the doping and content of the glass particles (10 and 30 wt.%) on the morphology, compression properties, apatite formation, and degradation behavior of the scaffolds were evaluated. The scaffolds presented high porosity (~93%) with pores ranged from 100 to 400 μm interconnected by smaller pores and this porosity was kept after the glass particles incorporation. The glass particles reinforced the polymer scaffolds with improvements as high as 130% in elastic moduli, and further promoted the apatite formation on the scaffold surface, both properties depending on the amount and type of filler. The bioactive glass particles boosted the scaffold degradation with the PDLLA/un-doped glass scaffold showing the highest rate, but still retaining structural and dimensional integrity. Our findings show that the incorporation of un-doped and metal-doped bioactive glasses increases the mechanical strength, promotes the bioactivity and modifies the degradation profile of the resulting polymer/glass scaffolds, making them better candidates for bone repair.
Bioactive Indolyl Diketopiperazines from the Marine Derived Endophytic Aspergillus versicolor DY180635
Authors: Ding Yi , Zhu Xiaojing , Hao Liling , Zhao Mengyao , Hua Qiang , An Faliang
Published: June 2020

Four new indolyl diketopiperazines, aspamides A–E (1–4) and two new diketopiperazines, aspamides F–G (5–6), along with 11 known diketopiperazines and intermediates were isolated from the solid culture of Aspergillus versicolor, which is an endophyte with the sea crab (Chiromantes haematocheir). Further chiral high-performance liquid chromatography resolution gave enantiomers (+)- and (−)-4, respectively. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1–6 were determined by the comprehensive analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. All isolated compounds were selected for the virtual screening on the coronavirus 3-chymoretpsin-like protease (Mpro) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the docking scores of compounds 1–2, 5, 6, 8 and 17 were top among all screened molecules, may be helpful in fighting with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) after further studies.
Closable Valves and Channels for Polymeric Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Clark Charles , Woolf M. , Karstens Sarah , Lewis Hannah , Nauman Aeren , Landers James
Published: June 2020

This study explores three unique approaches for closing valves and channels within microfluidic systems, specifically multilayer, centrifugally driven polymeric devices. Precise control over the cessation of liquid movement is achieved through either the introduction of expanding polyurethane foam, the application of direct contact heating, or the redeposition of xerographic toner via chloroform solvation and evaporation. Each of these techniques modifies the substrate of the microdevice in a different way. All three are effective at closing a previously open fluidic pathway after a desired unit operation has taken place, i.e., sample metering, chemical reaction, or analytical measurement. Closing previously open valves and channels imparts stringent fluidic control—preventing backflow, maintaining pressurized chambers within the microdevice, and facilitating sample fractionation without cross-contamination. As such, a variety of microfluidic bioanalytical systems would benefit from the integration of these valving approaches.
Analysis of Single Nucleotide-Mutated Single-Cancer Cells Using the Combined Technologies of Single-Cell Microarray Chips and Peptide Nucleic Acid-DNA Probes
Authors: Shigeto Hajime , Yamada Eriko , Kitamatsu Mizuki , Ohtsuki Takashi , Iizuka Akira , Akiyama Yasuto , Yamamura Shohei
Published: June 2020

Research into cancer cells that harbor gene mutations relating to anticancer drug-resistance at the single-cell level has focused on the diagnosis of, or treatment for, cancer. Several methods have been reported for detecting gene-mutated cells within a large number of non-mutated cells; however, target single nucleotide-mutated cells within a large number of cell samples, such as cancer tissue, are still difficult to analyze. In this study, a new system is developed to detect and isolate single-cancer cells expressing the T790M-mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA from multiple non-mutated cancer cells by combining single-cell microarray chips and peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-DNA probes. The single-cell microarray chip is made of polystyrene with 62,410 microchambers (31-40 µm diameter). The T790M-mutated lung cancer cell line, NCI-H1975, and non-mutated lung cancer cell line, A549, were successfully separated into single cells in each microchambers on the chip. Only NCI-H1975 cell was stained on the chip with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated PNA probe for specifically detecting T790M mutation. Of the NCI-H1975 cells that spiked into A549 cells, 0–20% were quantitatively analyzed within 1 h, depending on the spike concentration. Therefore, our system could be useful in analyzing cancer tissue that contains a few anticancer drug-resistant cells.