bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une vision à 360˚ de l’accompagnement des équipes étudiantes
Authors: Le Pontois Sandrine , Foliard Stéphane
Published: October 2018

En éducation à l’entrepreneuriat, la prise en compte du point de vue de tous les acteurs est nécessaire mais difficile à réaliser. Pour questionner les acteurs et obtenir une vision élargie, à 360˚, des projets accompagnés, cet article propose la « synchorisation » de l’expérience entrepreneuriale comme cadre d’analyse des dynamiques informationnelles dans l’écosystème entrepreneurial investi. Une méthodologie est ensuite présentée pour dépasser les subjectivités individuelles et percevoir dans sa globalité l’efficacité de tels programmes d’accompagnement. Au niveau pédagogique, l’intérêt est de pouvoir construire de nouvelles activités tenant compte des avis et apports de toutes les parties prenantes dans et hors les murs.
Courir l’aventure en taxi pour sensibiliser au plaisir d’entreprendre
Authors: Roy Alexis , Mondo Mathias , de Freyman Julien
Published: October 2018

L’Ecole Internationale du Management et de l’Entrepreneuriat (EIME) a été fondée à Youndé par le groupe ESC Troyes. L’analyse des freins culturels à l’entrepreneuriat au Cameroun révèle, d’une part, l’importance de la dimension « plaisir » dans la formation et, d’autre part, l’enjeu que représente pour les jeunes leur autonomisation vis-à-vis de cadres culturels familiaux. Le programme « courir l’aventure en taxi » permet à des élèves, par groupe de quatre, de partir dans la ville à la rencontre d’entreprises qu’ils ont sélectionnées, pour trouver en trois heures des réponses à leurs questions sans aucune introduction préalable auprès des interlocuteurs ciblés. La rencontre est bien sûr un défi, mais culturellement valorisé dans le contexte camerounais. En outre, les entreprises acceptent d’autant plus de recevoir un groupe qu’il a manifesté de l’audace et une très bonne qualité relationnelle. Sur la base d’une analyse du contexte culturel camerounais, nous faisons l’hypothèse que le plaisir pris dans un petit projet stimulera à terme des projets entrepreneuriaux ambitieux. Cette expérience souligne l’importance d’une analyse culturelle approfondie pour fonder un projet pédagogique d’accompagnement entrepreneurial. L’apport de conseillers locaux se révèle fondamental dans la conception d’un tel programme.
La coordination entre urbanisme et transport au concret : le cas des couvertures d’infrastructures
Authors: Idt Joël , Leheis Stéphanie
Published: October 2018

La coordination entre transport et urbanisme constitue une injonction contemporaine de l’action publique urbaine. Elle est généralement appréhendée par la recherche à travers l’analyse des instruments dédiés à cet effet et de leurs limites. Notre approche propose plutôt de regarder empiriquement la coordination là où elle se trouve, non comme un objectif a priori de l’action collective mais comme un de ses résultats. Notre propos s’appuie sur une analyse comparative de projets de couvertures d’infrastructures de transport, objets situés à l’interface entre transport et aménagement urbains qui visent autant à réduire les nuisances générées par l’infrastructure qu’à créer de nouvelles surfaces foncières aménageables. Des systèmes d’interdépendances entre les deux champs d’action se structurent autour de la production de ces couvertures. La coordination entre urbanisme et transport naît alors là où on ne l’attend pas : elle peut émerger de la succession des opérations entre elles, se structurer à travers des outils contractuels et organisationnels qui laissent malgré tout une large place aux négociations, investir la conception technique des projets ou encore leur pilotage opérationnel.
Changer de cap dans la tempête : un groupe agroalimentaire face à la fin des quotas laitiers
Authors: Delory Sandrine
Published: October 2018

Nommée directrice de la filiale d’une coopérative laitière dans une période critique, Sandrine Delory fait face en insufflant de grandes mesures, tant au niveau de la gouvernance que de la stratégie commerciale, en passant par la réconciliation des éleveurs et des salariés par la RSE.
Mailler le territoire, déconstruire l’ignorance : histoire du réseau des consultations. Souffrance et travail
Authors: Grenier-Pezé Marie
Published: October 2018

L’histoire de la création du réseau de consultation « souffrance et travail » contient en filigrane l’évolution profonde des organisations du travail, leur impact sur le rapport subjectif que nous entretenons avec le travail, l’apparition de nouvelles psychopathologies spécifiques et la construction des outils nécessaires à cette clinique de la complexité.
Répondre du social dans les pratiques cliniques individuelles en psychopathologie du travail. Discussion des contributions de M. Pezé, B. Edrei & I. Gernet
Authors: Demaegdt Christophe
Published: October 2018

Ce texte discute de l’évolution des pratiques cliniques individuelles en psychopathologie du travail, et ce, à partir des positions présentées par Marie Pezé, Béatrice Edrei et Isabelle Gernet. Plusieurs questions sous-tendent la discussion : quels sont les principes théoriques qui orientent l’écoute en psychopathologie du travail ? Que signifie écouter l’incapacité de penser le monde du travail ? Quels sont les écueils interprétatifs à éviter dans un tel dispositif clinique ? Et, enfin, à quelles conditions l’élaboration des enjeux politiques du travail dans un cadre clinique peut-elle prétendre à une valeur psychothérapeutique ? L’article soutient que les différentes prises de position sur l’élaboration d’une pensée critique en psychothérapie permettent conjointement de revenir sur le concept de sublimation en psychanalyse, mais aussi de participer aux débats en cours sur le concept d’éthique en clinique du travail, en suggérant entre autres l’intérêt d’établir des rapports plus serrés entre plaisir et éthique.
Ernst Simmel (1882-1947) : communication devant des professionnels de caisses d’assurance maladie
Authors: Tréhel Gilles
Published: October 2018

Ernst Simmel, médecin allemand, neurologue de formation est l’un des fondateurs de l’Association des médecins sociaux-démocrates. Lors du premier conflit mondial, il est médecin militaire à Posen. À partir de son expérience, il réalise une brochure sur les soins aux névrosés de guerre s’appuyant sur l’apport freudien. Fin 1919, il fait une communication devant les professionnels de caisses d’assurance maladie pour les sensibiliser aux pathologies des névroses dues à la guerre, car les conséquences peuvent en être lourdes et aller jusqu’à invalider les capacités de travail.
Le « travailler » du psychologue clinicien en maison de retraite à l’épreuve de la dynamique institutionnelle
Authors: Boichot Rachel , Collard Damien
Published: October 2018

Cet article vise à documenter une situation particulière, celle du « travailler » du psychologue en maison de retraite, à partir du récit d’une intervention au long cours d’une psychologue clinicienne dans un ehpad . Au-delà du travail d’animation des différents groupes de parole (avec les résidents, puis avec les familles), ce récit donne à voir les difficultés récurrentes rencontrées par l’intervenante dans sa relation avec la directrice, pour favoriser une véritable « triangulation » entre les différents acteurs (résidents, familles et soignants). Pour comprendre cette situation de blocage, il convient, selon les auteurs, de s’intéresser aux défenses déployées par la directrice pour tenter de maîtriser, tant bien que mal, un réel qui tend à se dérober.
Effect of ohmic cooking followed by an infrared cooking method on lipid oxidation and formation of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of beef muscle
Authors: Uzun Özcan A. , Maskan M. , Bedir M. , Bozkurt H.
Published: October 2018

In this study, the effects of ohmic cooking alone and a consecutive application of ohmic and infrared cooking on lipid oxidation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in beef was investigated. In consecutive cooking, samples were first cooked ohmically at 40, 55 and 70 Volt for 7 minutes, then infrared cooking was applied to each side of ohmically cooked beef samples at 3 different temperatures (325, 375 and 425 °F) for 3 minutes. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels of the samples were found between 0.31 and 1.74 mg MDA/kg. Increasing the voltage level in ohmic cooking caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the TBARS value. In the consecutive application of ohmic and infrared cooking, infrared cooking temperature caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the TBARS value at the same voltage levels. In this study, working with 40 and 55 Volts for ohmic cooking alone and 40 V-325 °F, 40V-375 °F settings for ohmic-infrared cooking gave a generally acceptable threshold level for TBARS value (1 mg/kg). About 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in the cooked beef by ultra-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (UPLC-FD). Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), which is the most common PAH, was detected at between 1.2514 and 1.4392 μg/kg and 4 PAH (sum of Benzo(a)pyrene, Chrysene, Benz(a)anthracene, Benz(b)fluoranthene) levels were detected at between 1.2514- 3.7844 μg/kg. The results of PAHs were reasonably below the European Commission regulation limits, which are very important and indicate that the cooking processes applied in this study are safe.
Effects of olive oil on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zamora-Zamora F. , Martínez-Galiano J. M. , Gaforio J. J. , Delgado-Rodríguez M.
Published: October 2018

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have revealed that a diet enriched in olive oil can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure. This systematic review includes the effects of olive oil on blood pressure in individuals without previous cardiovascular events. Liquid oil shows a decrease in blood pressure, while capsules have not produced any effect. Diastolic blood pressure decreased after the consumption of olive oil, -0.73 mm Hg, 95% CI (-1.07, -0.40); p < 0.001, I2 = 86.9%, with high heterogeneity among the included studies. This reduction was mainly due to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from 10 ml to 50 ml/day: -1.44 mm Hg, 95% CI (-1.89, -1.00); p < 0.001. Regarding systolic blood pressure the observed decrease is not statistically significant. Further studies on the consumption of EVOO are needed to confirm these results.
Improving the chemical properties of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) by enzymatic interesterification
Authors: Speranza P. , Leão K. M.M. , Narciso Gomes T. S. , Reis L. V.C. , Rodrigues A. P. , Alves Macedo J. , Ribeiro A. P.B. , Alves Macedo G.
Published: October 2018

Although Amazonian oils present great potential for various applications, they have not been extensively explored for commercial use. In this study, the effects of enzymatic interesterification of buriti oil in relation to its triacylglycerol composition, regiospecific distribution of fatty acids, and minority compounds were evaluated. The results indicated that the lipase used in the reaction showed higher specificity for oleic acid and the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triacylglycerol, generating more unsaturated structured lipids. There were increases of 11% and 12.5% in unsaturated-unsaturated-unsaturated triacylglycerol types and reductions of 12.1% and 16.2% in saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated triacylglycerol types after 6 and 24 hours of reaction, respectively. At 24 h of reaction, the structured lipid formed was totally unsaturated at the three triacylglycerol positions. In addition, as the reaction conditions were mild, the carotenoids and phenolic compounds were maintained in the structured lipids. The results indicate that the enzymatic interesterification can be an alternative to produce structured lipids with new functionalities, and diversify the application of this oil from the Amazon.
Characteristics of diabetic foot disease and risk factors in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Buzaid Najat , Nagem Fatma
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer and amputation are associated with an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Diabetic foot ulcer can be prevented by screening for risk factors and proper interventions. Objectives: We aimed to determine the risk of diabetic foot ulcer and amputation among patients with type 2 diabetes at Benghazi Medical Center diabetic clinic. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study of diabetic foot status and risk factors in diabetic patients attending a specialist diabetes clinic in Benghazi, Libya. Results: Eighty-seven (84.5%) patients wear inappropriate shoes, 37 (35.9%) had Tinea pedis, 26 (25.2%) had foot deformity, 13 (12.6%) patients had bilateral hallux valgus deformity, 8 (7.8%) patients had clawing of feet, 2 (1.9%) patients had Charcot joint, and one patient (0.97%) had amputated toes. Dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial arteries pulsations were not palpable in six (5.8%) patients, there was a loss of protective sensation among 20 (19.4%) patients, vibration sense was absent in 15 (14.6%) patients, and joint position sense was lost in five (4.9%) patients. According to Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network system, 59 (57.3%) patients were in the low-risk category, 18 (17.5%) were in the moderate-risk, 22 (21.4%) were in the high-risk, and 4 (3.9%) were in the active disease categories. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of diabetic foot risk factors is high among the studied group.
Population-based cancer screening through community participation: Outcome of a district wide oral cancer screening program from rural Kannur, Kerala, India
Authors: Philip Phinse Mappalakayil , Nayak Priyakanta , Philip Sairu , Parambil Neethu Ambali , Duraisamy Karthickeyan , Balasubramanian Satheesan
Published: October 2018

Background: Oral cancer is a major public health challenge, and about one-fifth of all oral cancer cases reported globally are from India. In spite of the potential for early detection by simple visual examination, the majority of patients report in later stages of the disease, especially in low and middle-income countries. We report the results from a district level population-based oral cancer screening program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people aged >15 years in 48 panchayats of Kannur district in Kerala, India. This comprehensive multi-stakeholder district-wide screening was carried out in six stages including planning, sensitization, recruiting of community volunteers and training, survey, organization of specialist camps and referring to cases to cancer center. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using EpiData analysis software (Version 2.2.2.180). Results: Among the 1,061,088 people in 265,272 houses surveyed, 2507 of them attended the screening camps, and 13 oral cancers and 174 oral precancers were detected. Majority of the oral cancer patients were male (69%), with primary education or illiterate (62%) and low socioeconomic status (61%). Five of the patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer are alive and have good oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Detection of precancerous and early-stage cancers should be a priority of oral cancer screening programs. The possible key for addressing cancer screening needs of the rural population is to equip the primary health centers in cancer screening activities with available human resources while adapting to local context.
Expression of p16INK4a and human papillomavirus 16 with associated risk factors in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions
Authors: Pandey Abha , Chandra Smita , Nautiyal Ruchira , Shrivastav Vikas
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) which is causative factor for cervical cancer may interact with p16 leading to malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. The present study was conducted to assess the immunoexpression of p16 INK4a in premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix and to correlate it with HPV 16 expression. It was also intended to study the various risk factors which may be associated with cervical cancer in this north Himalayan region of India. Material and Methods: The study included 50 cases of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions and 50 controls diagnosed on histopathology over a period of one year. All the relevant clinical details were noted and both cases and controls were subjected to HPV 16 and p16 INK4a immunohistochemical staining. Results: 67% of subjects (including cases and controls) and 94% of the cases were positive for HPV 16 expression. p16 INK4a expression was negative in all the controls, positive in 96% of invasive cancer, 66.6% in HSIL and 37.5% in LSIL. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is associated with low socio economic status, illiteracy, smoking, early age of marriage and conception in north Himalayan region of India. HPV 16 infection is positive in both cases and controls indicating high prevalence of HPV 16 in this region. Neoplastic transformation by HPV is identified by over expression of p16 INK4a in premalignant and malignant cases. The immunopositivity of p16 INK4a increases with the severity of cervical lesions and thus may play an important role in stratification of premalignant and malignant lesions.
Impact of cytogenetics on outcomes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chennamaneni Rachana , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Konatam Meher Lakshmi , Bala Stalin , Kumar Ashok , Srinivas Lakshmi
Published: October 2018

Context: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most important prognostic factors are age, leukocyte count at presentation, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic abnormalities. The cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with distinct immunologic phenotypes of ALL and characteristic outcomes. Aims: The present study was primarily aimed at analyzing the impact of cytogenetics on postinduction responses and event-free survival (EFS) in pediatric patients with ALL. The secondary objective was to study the overall survival (OS). Subjects and Methods: A total of 240 patients with age <18 years and diagnosed with ALL between January 2011 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Cytogenetics was evaluated with conventional karyotyping or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Based on cytogenetic abnormalities, the patients were grouped into five categories, and the outcomes were analyzed. Results: Of the 240 patients, 125 (52%) patients had evaluable cytogenetics. Of these, 77 (61.6%) patients had normal cytogenetics, 19 (15.2%) had t(9;22) translocation, 10 (8%) had unfavorable cytogenetics which included t(9;11), hypodiploidy, and complex karyotype, 10 (8%) had favorable cytogenetics which included t(12;21), t(1;19), and high hyperdiploidy, 9 (7.2%) had miscellaneous cytogenetics. Seventy-one percent of patients were treated with MCP 841 protocol, while 29% of patients received BFM-ALL 95 protocol. The 3-year EFS and OS of the entire group were 52% and 58%, respectively. On univariate analysis, EFS and OS were significantly lower in t(9;22) compared to normal cytogenetics (P = 0.033 and P = 0.0253, respectively) and were not significant for other subgroups compared to normal cytogenetics. On multivariate analysis, EFS was significantly lower for t(9;22) and unfavorable subgroups. Conclusions: Cytogenetics plays an important role in the molecular characterization of ALL defining the prognostic subgroups. Patients with unfavorable cytogenetics and with t(9;22) have poorer outcomes.
Treatment outcomes of metastatic nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma: A single institution retrospective analysis
Authors: Agarwala Vivek , Ramaswamy Anant , Joshi Amit , Patil Vijay Maruti , Noronha Vanita , Menon Santosh , Popat B. Palak , Nilesh Sable , Prabhash Kumar
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Nonclear cell (NCC) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a biologically heterogeneous entity. We report the outcomes of NCC mRCC treated with first-line vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors at our institute. This is first such report from India. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the 40 consecutive patients of NCC mRCC treated between January 2013 and June 2015 in routine clinical practice at our institute. The primary endpoint analyzed was overall survival (OS) with respect to the type of first-line treatment and tumor histology. Results: The most common histological subtype was papillary in 25 patients (62.5%) followed by sarcomatoid in six (15%), chromophobe in 5 (12.5%), translocation-associated in one patient, and other nonspecified in three patients. First-line treatment was sorafenib in 14 (35%), sunitinib in 9 (22.5%), pazopanib in 8 (20%), everolimus in seven (17.5%), and best-supportive care (BSC) in two (5%) patients. Partial response, stable disease, and progression was observed in six (15%), 13 (32.5%), and nine (22.5%) cases, respectively, as the best response to first-line treatment. The median OS was 11.7 months and median event-free survival was 6.1 months in the whole cohort. The median OS in months for different first-line treatments were as follows: sorafenib (16.2), sunitinib (11.7), pazopanib (not reached, mean-23.9 ± 6.0), everolimus (4.1) and BSC (0.6) and for different histological subtypes were as follows: papillary (9.8), chromophobe (not reached, mean-30.3 ± 8.4), sarcomatoid (4.1), and others (7.9). Conclusions: Chromophobe histology has a better outcome compared to other histological subtypes, and anti-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitors are preferable first-line agents compared to mTOR inhibitors.
Clinical and endoscopic response to high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy in malignant lung tumors: A single centre experience
Authors: Dhillon Sneha , Bansal Saurabh , Sindhwani Girish , Gupta Meenu , Nautiyal Vipul , Saini Sunil , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term clinical, endoscopic response, and acute toxicities in endobronchial cancer treated with high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDR-EB). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients of advanced endobronchial cancers were treated with HDR-EB. Brachytherapy was delivered at a depth of 1 cm from the source axis at weeks 1, 2, and 3 with 7 Gy per fraction. All patients were evaluated before treatment and at 1 month after completion of therapy. Using Speiser's scoring criteria, the severity of symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and postobstructive pneumonia) and degree of obstruction were graded. Results: Symptomatic response for cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis was seen in 88%, 75%, and 96%, respectively, with a significant P value (<0.05). Obstructive pneumonia was resolved in 94% of patients. Endoscopic response in terms of degree of obstruction was seen in 84% of patients. Acute toxicities in the form of radiation bronchitis were seen in 32% of patients, whereas 8% of patients experienced esophagitis. Bronchospasm was seen in one patient during treatment. Conclusion: HDR brachytherapy is a highly effective, safe, convenient therapy in alleviating symptoms of endobronchial obstruction with endoscopic response in the majority of cases. Thus, HDR-BT is a promising treatment for palliation of patients presenting with symptoms of endobronchial obstruction with an acceptable rate of complications.
Leveraging market power online: the Google Shopping case
Authors: Caro Andres
Published: October 2018

In June 2017, the European Commission imposed a €2.4bn fine on Google for abusing its dominant position in online search by giving preferential treatment to its own comparison shopping service. Such complex cases of leveraging of market power also arise in other digital markets, and raise several questions. How should competition authorities weigh benefits to consumers against harm to competition and competitors? How can competition concerns be remedied without affecting incentives to innovate? This article considers the Google Shopping case and how such questions may be resolved.
Changes in sea-surface temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns associated with reductions in Arctic sea ice cover in recent decades
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In recent decades, the Arctic sea ice has been declining at a rapid pace as the Arctic warms at a rate of twice the global average. The underlying physical mechanisms for the Arctic warming and accelerated sea ice retreat are not fully understood. In this study, we apply a relatively novel statistical method called self-organizing maps (SOM) along with composite analysis to examine the trend and variability of autumn Arctic sea ice in the past three decades and their relationships to large-scale atmospheric circulation changes. Our statistical results show that the anomalous autumn Arctic dipole (AD) (Node 1) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) (Node 9) could explain in a statistical sense as much as 50 % of autumn sea ice decline between 1979 and 2016. The Arctic atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with anomalous sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns over the North Pacific and North Atlantic influence Arctic sea ice primarily through anomalous temperature and water vapor advection and associated radiative feedback.
Retrieving the age of air spectrum from tracers: principle and
method
Authors: Podglajen Aurélien , Ploeger Felix
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Surface-emitted tracers with different dependencies on transit time (e.g., due to chemical loss or time-dependent boundary conditions) carry independent pieces of information on the age of air spectrum (the distribution of transit times from the surface). This paper investigates how and to what extent knowledge of tracer concentrations can be used to retrieve the age spectrum. Since the tracers considered depend linearly on the transit time distribution, the question posed can be formulated as a linear inverse problem of small dimension. An inversion methodology is introduced, which does not require any assumptions regarding the shape of the spectrum. The performance of the approach is first evaluated on a constructed set of artificial radioactive tracers derived from idealized spectra. Hereafter, the inversion method is applied to model output. The latter experiment highlights the limits of inversions using only parent radioactive tracers: they are unable to retrieve fine scale structures such as the annual cycle. Improvements can be achieved by including daughter decaying tracers and tracers with an annual cycle at the surface. This study demonstrates the feasibility of retrieving the age spectrum from tracers, and has implications for transport diagnosis in models and observations.
First fully diurnal fog and low cloud satellite detection reveals life cycle in the Namib
Authors: Andersen Hendrik , Cermak Jan
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Fog and low clouds (FLCs) are a typical feature along the southwestern African
coast, especially in the central Namib, where fog constitutes a valuable
resource of water for many ecosystems. In this study, a novel algorithm is presented to
detect FLCs over land from geostationary satellite data using only infrared
observations. The algorithm is the first of its kind as it is
stationary in time and thus able to reveal a detailed view of the diurnal
and spatial patterns of FLCs in the Namib region. A validation against net
radiation measurements from a station network in the central Namib reveals a
high overall accuracy with a probability of detection of 94 %, a false-alarm rate of 12 % and an overall correctness of classification of 97 %.
The average timing and persistence of FLCs seem to depend on the distance to
the coast, suggesting that the region is dominated by advection-driven FLCs.
While the algorithm is applied to study Namib-region fog and low clouds, it
is designed to be transferable to other regions and can be used to retrieve
long-term data sets.
Multisatellite observations of the magnetosphere response to changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field
Authors: Korotova Galina , Sibeck David , Thaller Scott , Wygant John , Spence Harlan , Kletzing Craig , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Redmon Robert
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We employ multipoint observations of the Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, GOES and
Cluster to present case and statistical studies of the electromagnetic field,
plasma and particle response to interplanetary (IP) shocks observed by the Wind satellite. On 27 February 2014 the
initial encounter of an IP shock with the magnetopause occurred on the
postnoon magnetosphere, consistent with the observed alignment of the shock
with the spiral IMF. The dayside equatorial magnetosphere exhibited a
dusk–dawn oscillatory electrical field with a period of ∼330 s and
peak-to-peak amplitudes of ∼15 mV m−1 for a period of 30 min.
The intensity of electrons in the energy range from 31.5 to 342 KeV
responded with periods corresponding to the shock-induced ULF (ultralow frequency) electric
field waves. We then perform a statistical study of Ey variations of the
electric field and associated plasma drift flow velocities for 60
magnetospheric events during the passage of interplanetary shocks. The Ey
perturbations are negative (dusk-to-dawn) in the dayside magnetosphere
(followed by positive or oscillatory perturbations) and dominantly positive (dawn-to-dusk direction) in the nightside magnetosphere,
particularly near the Sun–Earth line within an L-shell range from 2.5 to 5.
The typical observed amplitudes range from 0.2 to 6 mV m−1 but can
reach 12 mV during strong magnetic storms. We show that electric field
perturbations increase with solar wind pressure, and the changes are
especially marked in the dayside magnetosphere. The direction of the Vx
component of plasma flow is in agreement with the direction of the Ey
component and is antisunward at all local times except the nightside
magnetosphere, where it is sunward near the Sun–Earth line. The flow
velocities Vx range from 0. 2 to 40 km s−1 and are a factor of 5 to
10 times stronger near noon as they correspond to greater variations of the
electric field in this region. We demonstrate that the shock-induced electric
field signatures can be classified into four different groups according to
the initial Ey electric field response and these signatures are dependent
on local time. Negative and bipolar pulses predominate on the dayside while
positive pulses occur on the nightside. The ULF electric field pulsations of
Pc and Pi types produced by IP shocks are observed at all local times and in
the range of periods from several tens of seconds to several minutes. We
believe that most electric field pulsations of the Pc5 type in the dayside
magnetosphere at L<6 are produced by field line resonances. We
show that the direction of the shock normal determines the direction of the
propagation of the shock-induced magnetic and plasma disturbances. The
observed directions of velocity Vy predominately agree with those expected
for the given spiral or orthospiral shock normal orientation.
Fluvial sedimentary deposits as carbon sinks: organic carbon pools and stabilization mechanisms across a Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Martínez-Mena María , Almagro María , García-Franco Noelia , de Vente Joris , García Eloisa , Boix Fayos Carolina
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The role of fluvial sedimentary areas as organic carbon sinks remains largely unquantified. Little is known about mechanisms of organic carbon (OC) stabilization in alluvial sediments in semiarid and sub-humid catchments where those mechanisms are quite complex because sediments are often redistributed and exposed to a range of environmental conditions in intermittent and perennial fluvial courses within the same catchment. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of transport and depositional areas as sources or sinks of CO2 at the catchment scale. We used physical and chemical organic matter fractionation techniques and basal respiration rates in samples representative of the three phases of the erosion process within the catchment: (i) detachment, representing the main sediment sources from forests and agricultural upland soils, as well as fluvial lateral banks; (ii) transport, representing the main channel as suspended load and bedload; and (iii) depositional areas along the channel, downstream in alluvial wedges and in the reservoir at the outlet of the catchment, representative of medium and long-term residence deposits, respectively. Our results show that most of the sediments transported and deposited downstream come from agricultural upland soils and fluvial lateral bank sources, where the physico-chemical protection of OC is much lower than that of the forest soils, which are less sensitive to erosion. The protection of OC in forest soils and medium-term depositional areas (alluvial wedges) was mainly driven by physical stabilization mechanisms, while chemical protection of OC was observed in the fluvial lateral banks. However, in the remaining sediment sources, in sediments during transport, and after deposition in long-term deposits (the reservoir), both mechanisms are equally relevant. Mineralization of the most labile OC, intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (MPOM), was predominant during transport. Aggregate formation and OC accumulation, mainly associated with macroaggregates and occluded microaggregates within macroaggregates, were predominant in depositional areas, being more protected than the OC from the most eroding sources (agricultural soils and fluvial lateral banks). Both temporary and permanent sediment deposits in the catchment have an important role in erosive areas, compensating OC losses from the eroded sources and functioning as C sinks.
The onset of Neoglaciation in Iceland and the 4.2 ka event
Authors: Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford H. , Andrews John T. , Harning David J. , Anderson Leif S. , Thordarson Thor
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Strong similarities in Holocene climate reconstructions derived from multiple proxies (BSi, TOC, δ13C, C/N, MS, δ15N) preserved in sediments from both glacial and non-glacial lakes across Iceland indicate a relatively warm early-to-mid Holocene from 10 to 6 ka, overprinted with cold excursions presumably related to meltwater impact on North Atlantic circulation until 7.9 ka. Sediment in lakes from glacial catchments indicates their catchments were ice-free during this interval. Statistical treatment of the high-resolution multiproxy paleoclimate lake records shows that despite great variability in catchment characteristics, the records document more or less synchronous abrupt, cold departures as opposed to the smoothly decreasing trend in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Although all lake records document a decline in summer temperature through the Holocene consistent with the regular decline in summer insolation, the onset of significant summer cooling, occurs ~5 ka in high-elevation interior sites, but is variably later in sites closer to the coast, suggesting some combination of changing ocean currents and sea ice modulate the impact from decreasing summer insolation. The timing of glacier inception during the mid-Holocene is determined by the decent of the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA), which is dominated by the evolution of summer temperature as summer insolation declined as well as changes in sea surface temperature for glacial systems particularly in coastal settings. The glacial response to the ELA decline is also highly dependent on the local topography. The initial nucleation of Langjökull in the highlands of Iceland starting by ca 5 ka, was followed by a stepwise expansion of both Langjökull and northeast Vatnajökull between 4.5 and 4.0 ka, with a second abrupt expansion ca. 3 ka. However, the initial appearance of Drangajökull in the NW of Iceland was delayed until after 2.5 ka. All lake records reflect abrupt summer temperature and catchment disturbance at about 4.5 ka, statistically indistinguishable from the ~4.2 ka event with a second widespread abrupt disturbance centered on 3.0 ka. Both are intervals of large explosive volcanism on Iceland. The most widespread increase in glacier advance, landscape instability, and soil erosion occurred shortly after 2 ka, likely due to a complex combination of increased impact from volcanic activity, cooling climate, and increased sea ice off the coast of Iceland. All lake records indicate a strong decline in temperature ~1.5 ka, culminating during the Little Ice Age between 1300 and 1900 CE when most glaciers reached their maximum dimensions.
The influence of sample geometry on the permeability of a porous
sandstone
Authors: Heap Michael J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Although detailed guidelines exist for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of laboratory rock samples, guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability are sparse. Provided herein are gas permeability measurements of cylindrical samples of Darley Dale sandstone (with a connected porosity of 0.135 and a pore- and grain-size of 0.2–0.3 mm) with different diameters (10, 20, and 25 mm) and lengths (from 60 to 10 mm), corresponding to aspect (length/diameter) ratios between 6.2 and 0.4. These data show that, despite the large range in sample length, aspect ratio, and bulk volume (from 29.7 to 1.9 cm3), the permeabilities of the Darley Dale sandstone samples are near identical (3–4 × 10–15 m2). The near identical permeability of these samples is considered the consequence of the homogeneous porosity structure typical of porous sandstones, and the small grain- and pore-size of Darley Dale sandstone with respect to the minimum tested diameter and length (both 10 mm). Laboratory permeability measurements on rock samples with inhomogeneous porosity structures, or with larger grain- and pore-sizes, may still provide erroneous values if their length, diameter, and/or aspect ratio is low. Permeability measurements on rocks with vastly different microstructural properties should now be conducted in a similar manner to help develop detailed guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability.
ICON-ART 2.1: a flexible tracer framework and its application for composition studies in numerical weather forecasting and climate simulations
Authors: Schröter Jennifer , Rieger Daniel , Stassen Christian , Vogel Heike , Weimer Michael , Werchner Sven , Förstner Jochen , Prill Florian , Reinert Daniel , Zängl Günther , Giorgetta Marco , Ruhnke Roland , Vogel Bernhard , Braesicke Peter
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric composition studies on weather and climate timescales require
flexible, scalable models. The ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model with Aerosols
and Reactive Trace gases (ICON-ART) provides such an environment. Here, we
introduce the most up-to-date version of the flexible tracer framework for
ICON-ART and explain its application in one numerical weather forecast and
one climate related case study. We demonstrate the implementation of
idealised tracers and chemistry tendencies of different complexity using the
ART infrastructure. Using different ICON physics configurations for weather
and climate with ART, we perform integrations on different timescales,
illustrating the model's performance. First, we present a hindcast
experiment for the 2002 ozone hole split with two different ozone chemistry
schemes using the numerical weather prediction physics configuration. We
compare the hindcast with observations and discuss the confinement of the
vortex split using an idealised tracer diagnostic. Secondly, we study
AMIP-type integrations using a simplified chemistry scheme in conjunction with the
climate physics configuration. We use two different simulations: the
interactive simulation, where modelled ozone is coupled back to the radiation
scheme, and the non-interactive simulation that uses a default background
climatology of ozone. Additionally, we introduce changes of water vapour by
methane oxidation for the interactive simulation. We discuss the impact of
stratospheric ozone and water vapour variations in the interactive and
non-interactive integrations on the water vapour tape recorder, as a measure
of tropical upwelling changes. Additionally we explain the seasonal evolution
and latitudinal distribution of the age of air. The age of air is a measure
of the strength of the meridional overturning circulation with young air in
the tropical upwelling region and older air in polar winter downwelling
regions. We conclude that our flexible tracer framework allows for
tailor-made configurations of ICON-ART in weather and climate applications
that are easy to configure and run well.
Mean circulation and EKE distribution in the Labrador Sea Water level of the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Fischer Jürgen , Karstensen Johannes , Oltmanns Marilena , Schmidtko Sunke
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A long-term mean flow field for the subpolar North Atlantic region
with a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 km is created by gridding
Argo-derived velocity vectors using two different topography-following
interpolation schemes. The 10-day float displacements in the typical drift
depths of 1000 to 1500 m represent the flow in the Labrador Sea Water
density range. Both mapping algorithms separate the flow field into
potential vorticity (PV) conserving, i.e., topography-following contribution
and a deviating part, which we define as the eddy contribution. To verify
the significance of the separation, we compare the mean flow and the eddy
kinetic energy (EKE), derived from both mapping algorithms, with those
obtained from multiyear mooring observations. The PV-conserving mean flow is characterized by stable boundary currents
along all major topographic features including shelf breaks and
basin-interior topographic ridges such as the Reykjanes Ridge or the Rockall
Plateau. Mid-basin northward advection pathways from the northeastern
Labrador Sea into the Irminger Sea and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge region
into the Iceland Basin are well-resolved. An eastward flow is present across
the southern boundary of the subpolar gyre near 52∘ N, the
latitude of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ). The mid-depth EKE field resembles most of the satellite-derived surface EKE
field. However, noticeable differences exist along the northward advection
pathways in the Irminger Sea and the Iceland Basin, where the deep EKE
exceeds the surface EKE field. Further, the ratio between mean flow and the
square root of the EKE, the Peclet number, reveals distinct
advection-dominated regions as well as basin-interior regimes in which
mixing is prevailing.
Variability of air-sea gas transfer velocities in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Nagel Leila , Krall Kerstin E. , Jähne Bernd
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Heat transfer velocities measured during three different campaigns in the Baltic Sea using the Active Controlled Flux Technique (ACFT) with wind speeds ranging from 5.3 to 14.8 m s−1 are presented. Careful scaling of the heat transfer velocities to gas transfer velocities using Schmidt number exponents measured in a laboratory study allows to compare the measured transfer velocities to existing gas transfer velocity parameterizations, which use wind speed as the controlling parameter. The measured data and other field data clearly show that some gas transfer velocities are much lower than the empirical wind speed parametrizations. This indicates that the dependencies of the transfer velocity on the fetch, i.e., the history of the wind and the age of the wind wave field, and the effects of surface active material need to be taken into account.
A statistical fracture model for Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers
Authors: Emetc Veronika , Tregoning Paul , Morlighem Mathieu , Borstad Chris , Sambridge Malcolm
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Antarctica and Greenland hold enough ice to raise sea level by more than
65 m if both ice sheets were to melt completely. Predicting future ice sheet
mass balance depends on our ability to model these ice sheets, which is
limited by our current understanding of several key physical processes, such
as iceberg calving. Large-scale ice flow models either ignore this process or
represent it crudely. To model fractured zones, an important component of
many calving models, continuum damage mechanics as well as linear fracture
mechanics are commonly used. However, these methods have a large number of
uncertainties when applied across the entire Antarctic continent because the
models were typically tuned to match processes seen on particular ice
shelves. Here we present an alternative, statistics-based method to model the
most probable zones of the location of fractures and demonstrate our approach
on all main ice shelf regions in Antarctica, including the Antarctic
Peninsula. We can predict the location of observed fractures with an average
success rate of 84 % for grounded ice and 61 % for floating ice and a
mean overestimation error rate of 26 % and 20 %, respectively. We
found that Antarctic ice shelves can be classified into groups based on the
factors that control fracture location.
A Framework for Autonomous Wind Farms: Wind Direction Consensus
Authors: Annoni Jennifer , Bay Christopher , Johnson Kathryn , Dall'Anese Emiliano , Quon Eliot , Kemper Travis , Fleming Paul
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance and do not take into account information from nearby turbines. In an autonomous wind farm, enabling cooperation to achieve farm-level objectives, turbines will need to use information from nearby turbines to optimize performance, ensure resiliency when other sensors fail, and adapt to changing local conditions. A key element of achieving an autonomous wind farm is to develop algorithms that provide necessary information to ensure reliable, robust, and efficient operation of wind turbines in a wind plant using local sensor information that is already being collected, such as supervisory control and data acquistion (SCADA) data, local meteorological stations, and nearby radars/sodars/lidars. This article presents a framework for implementing an autonomous wind farm that incorporates information from local sensors in real time to better align turbines in a wind farm. Oftentimes, measurements made at an individual turbine are noisy and unreliable. By incorporating measurements from multiple nearby turbines, a more robust estimate of the wind direction can be obtained at an individual turbine. Results indicate that this estimate of the wind direction can be used to improve the turbine's knowledge of the wind direction and could decrease dynamic yaw misalignment, decrease the amount of time a turbine spends yawing due to a more robust input to the yaw controller, and increase resiliency to faulty wind-vane measurements.
The Prohibitions against Homosexual Sex in Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13: Are They Relevant Today?
Authors: Sklar Jay
Published: October 2018

This article explores whether the prohibitions against homosexual sex in Lev 18:22 and 20:13 have ongoing relevance today. It begins by noting that the use of the term abomination in these verses does not settle the question and then turns to consider three different types of responses to the question: (1) the prohibitions do not apply today because Leviticus does not apply today; (2) the prohibitions do not apply today because the reason this activity was prohibited in Leviticus no longer applies today; and (3) the prohibitions do apply today because the reason the activity was prohibited in Leviticus still applies today. The conclusion notes that multiple moral rationales may be at work behind a single command and considers why this is significant when discussing whether these particular verses have ongoing relevance.