bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERGENLERDE TARİHSEL EMPATİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Hüseyin , DEMİR Bahadır
Published: March 2020

Araştırmada ergenlerin tarihsel empati düzeylerinin ortaya
çıkarılabilmesi için “Tarihsel Empati Ölçeği”nin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırmada öncelikle, tarihsel empati becerisini ölçmeye yönelik maddeler
hazırlamak için alan yazını taranarak gerekli incelemeler yapılmıştır.  Bu incelemeler sonucunda 37 maddeden oluşan
bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Ölçeğin geçerliğine ilişkin işlemler için
Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde bulunan ortaokullarda öğrenim gören 1188
öğrenciden toplanan verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Bu 1188 (%51 kadın, % 49erkek)
öğrenciden elde edilen verilerle AFA yapılmıştır. DFA çalışmaları için ise
Sakarya ili Pamukova ilçesi sınırları içinde yer alan ortaokullarda öğrenim
gören 429 (%51.5 kadın, %48.5 erkek) öğrenciden elde edilen veriler
kullanılmıştır. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik çalışmalarına ilişkin işlemler ise 119
(%44.5 erkek, %55.5 kadın) öğrenciden elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Ölçüt-bağıntılı geçerlik çalışmaları da 171 (%52 erkek, %48 kadın) öğrenciden
elde edilen verilerle yapılmıştır. AFA yapılırken temel bileşenlerin analizi ve
varimax döndürme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ölçeğin
toplam varyansının %43.04’nü açıklayan 12 madde ve iki faktörlü bir yapı elde
edilmiştir. DFA neticesinde elde edilen model uyum değerlerinin ve tüm
sonuçların temel kriterleri oldukça iyi düzeyde karşıladığından yapının teorik
ve istatistiksel açıdan da uygunluğu doğrulanmıştır. Yapılan güvenlik analizi
neticesinde ölçeğin Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı .81, bilişsel empati
boyutu için .76, duyuşsal empati boyutu için .69; ölçeğin test-tekrar
testgüvenirliği .89, bilişsel empati boyutu için .82, duyuşsal empati boyutu
için ise .93 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gerçekleştirilen analizlerden
elde edilen sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, ergenlerin tarihsel empati
becerilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik 12 madde ve 2 faktörden oluşan ölçeğin
geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu söylenebilir.
2018 YILINDA BASILAN TARİH DERS KİTAPLARINDA ERMENİLER KONUSUNUN ELE ALINIŞI ve TOPLUMSAL HAFIZA
Authors: GÜNAY Nejla
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada toplumsal hafıza oluşturmada önemli bir işleve sahip olan
tarih ders kitapları incelenmiştir. Doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılan
çalışmada elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz ile yorumlanmıştır. Milli Eğitim
Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan yeni tarih ders kitaplarında özellikle Osmanlı
Devleti’nin son dönemi, milliyetçilik akımının etkisi, Ermeni sorunu gibi
konular olmak üzere eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Ders kitaplarının Milli
Eğitimin amaçlarına uygun hale getirilmesi için öneriler sunulmuştur.
KURGU DIŞI TİCARİ KİTAPLARIN BİR MATERYAL OLARAK TARİH ÖĞRETİMİNDE KULLANIMI
Authors: KALE Yeliz
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kurgu dışı ticari kitapların tarih öğretiminde materyal olarak kullanımının öğrencilerin akademik başarı ve tutumlarına olan etkisini belirlemek ve bu kitapların kullanımına yönelik öğrenci görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada karma yöntem desenlerinden açımlayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda yarı deneysel desen kullanılmış, nitel boyutunda ise öğrencilerle odak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Ankara’da bulunan bir devlet okulunun 9. sınıfında öğrenim gören toplam 65 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama sürecinde toplam 5 hafta (10 ders saati) 9. sınıf Tarih Öğretim Programının Uygarlığın Doğuşu ve İlk Uygarlıklar ünitesi deney grubunda ders kitabının yanında yardımcı materyal olarak kurgu dışı ticari kitaplar ile kontrol grubunda ise sadece ders kitabı ile işlenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel veriler başarı testi ve tarih dersi tutum ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler ise görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, betimsel istatistikler, bağımlı ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre deney ve kontrol gruplarının akademik başarıları arasında deney grubu lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Uygulama sonunda her iki grubun tarih dersine yönelik tutumları orta düzeyde olumlu ve benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgudan hareketle kurgu dışı ticari kitapların öğrencilerin derse yönelik tutumlarında anlamlı bir etki yaratmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Nitel boyutun bulgularında ise deney grubunun büyük bir kısmı derse yönelik tutumlarında kurgu dışı ticari kitapların kullanımının olumlu yönde etkilerine ilişkin görüş bildirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında tarih öğretiminde bu kitapların derse yönelik tutuma olan etkisi konusunda deneysel sürecin daha uzun süreli tasarlandığı araştırmaların yapılması önerilmiştir.
cDNA Synthesis v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the synthesis of first-strand cDNA from total RNA using the Invitrogen SuperScript III Reverse Transcriptase system. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Cold Science Meets Hot Weather: Environmental Threats, Emotional Messages and Scientific Storytelling
Authors: Lidskog Rolf , Berg Monika , Gustafsson Karin M. , Löfmarck Erik
Published: March 2020

Science is frequently called upon to provide guidance in the work towards sustainable development. However, for science to promote action, it is not sufficient that scientific advice is seen as competent and trustworthy. Such advice must also be perceived as meaningful and important, showing the need and urgency of taking action. This article discusses how science tries to facilitate action. It claims that the use of scientific storytelling—coherent stories told by scientists about environmental trajectories—are central in this; these stories provide meaning and motivate and guide action. To do this, the storylines need to include both a normative orientation and emotional appeals. Two different cases of scientific storytelling are analyzed: one is a dystopic story about a world rushing towards ecological catastrophe, and the other is an optimistic story about a world making dramatic progress. These macrosocial stories offer science-based ways to see the world and aim to foster and guide action. The article concludes by stating that using storylines in scientific storytelling can elicit fear, inspire hope, and guide action. The storylines connect cold and distant scientific findings to passionate imperatives about the need for social transformation. However, this attachment to emotions and values needs to be done reflexively, not only in order to create engagement with an issue but also to counteract a post-truth society where passionate imperatives go against scientific knowledge.
What Do You Expect? Linguistic Reflections on Empathy in Science Communication
Authors: Janich Nina
Published: March 2020

This linguistics article, which draws additionally on interdisciplinary insights, discusses whether and to what extent more empathy could facilitate and promote the exchange of knowledge between science and society. The existence of the Internet as a knowledge resource has made it necessary, especially in online communication, to renegotiate (scientific) expertise and roles such as ‘expert’ and ‘layperson.’ A discourse linguistics case study of a science blog shows that these negotiations quickly take on the character of an emotionally charged relationship between writer and respondent and are by no means limited to the level of fact or disinterested scholarly debate. The reason for this—so this article argues—is that reciprocal expectations and expectations of expectations play an essential role in science communication, as in any social communication. This hypothesis is supported by an analysis of interviews with scientists about their expectations of the public’s understanding of science. Against this background, empathy seems to be a suitable means to better meet the expectations of one’s interlocuter (or at least to avoid disappointed expectations) and to move from a more emotional level back to a more rational one. Empathy and its role in science communication should therefore be investigated more closely—on an interdisciplinary basis.
‘Fake News’ in Science Communication: Emotions and Strategies of Coping with Dissonance Online
Authors: Taddicken Monika , Wolff Laura
Published: March 2020

In view of events such as the public denial of climate change research by well-known politicians, the effects of postfactual disinformation and emotionalisation are discussed for science. Here, so-called ‘fake news’ are of focus. These are considered problematic, particularly in a high-choice media environment as users tend to show selective behaviour. Much research has demonstrated this selective exposure approach, which has roots in the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1957). However, research on the processes of coping with dissonance is still considered sparse. In particular, communication scholars have overlooked emotional states and negotiations. This article analyses the affects that are aroused when users are confronted with opinion-challenging disinformation and how they (emotionally) cope by using different strategies for online information. For this, we used the context of climate change that is widely accepted in Germany. The innovative research design included pre- and post-survey research, stimulus exposure (denying ‘fake news’), observations, and retrospective interviews (n = 50). Through this, we find that perceptions and coping strategies vary individually and that overt behaviour, such as searching for counter-arguments, should be seen against the background of individual ideas and motivations, such as believing in an easy rejection of arguments. Confirming neuroscientific findings, participants felt relieved and satisfied once they were able to dissolve their dissonant state and negative arousal. Dissatisfaction and frustration were expressed if this had not been accomplished.
Understanding Universality within a Liberal Welfare Regime: The Case of Universal Social Programs in Canada
Authors: Béland Daniel , Marchildon Gregory P. , Prince Michael J.
Published: March 2020

Although Canada is known as a liberal welfare regime, universality is a key issue in that country, as several major social programs are universal in both their core principles and coverage rules. The objective of this article is to discuss the meaning of universality and related concepts before exploring the development of individual universal social programs in Canada, with a particular focus on health care and old-age pensions. More generally, the article shows how universality can exist and become resilient within a predominantly liberal welfare regime due to the complex and fragmented nature of modern social policy systems, in which policy types vary from policy area to policy area, and even from program to program within the same policy area. The broader analysis of health care and old-age pensions as policy areas illustrates this general claim. This analysis looks at the historical development and the politics of provincial universal health coverage since the late 1950s and at the evolution of the federal Old Age Security program since its creation in the early 1950s. The main argument of this article is that universality as a set of principles remains stronger in health care than in pensions yet key challenges remain in each of these policy areas. Another contention is that there are multiple and contested universalisms in social policy.
Seeking the Ideal of Universalism within Norway’s Social Reality
Authors: Mehrara Lydia
Published: March 2020

How much inequality in policy instruments can a universalist welfare state tolerate in its pursuit of equity? This article reviews the nuances of universalism as a concept through examination of its meaning and application in Norwegian health policy, with a contextual focus on migrant maternal health in Norway. The Nordic welfare model is generous and dedicated to achieving equality through the universal provision of social services; however, there are increasing gray areas that challenge the system, invoking the conundrum of equality versus equity. Universalism is a central principle in Norwegian health policy, however changes in the socio-political environment have meant the concept as originally conceived requires a more nuanced articulation. Population changes in particular, such as a growing and diverse migrant settlement, present challenges for how to achieve the equality desired by universalist measures, while maintaining the equity demanded by diversity. This article uses an example of a Norwegian program that delivers maternal health services to migrant women to question the concept of universalism as a theoretical and practical construct, as historically and currently applied in Norwegian health policy. This example illustrates how healthcare as an organization functions in the country, and the role of its key players in adapting policy instruments to meet the Norwegian welfare state’s universal policy aims. The scholarly contribution of this article lies in promoting a critical reflection on the evolving definition of universalism, and in contributing to a discussion on the need to retheorize the concept in Norwegian health policy to attain equity.
MEANS OF SUGGESTIBILITY AND THEIR EVOLUTION STAGES IN ARABIC SOCIO-POLITICAL ARTICLES
Authors: Dudin V. V.
Published: March 2020

With the dawn of printed press on the shores of the Arabic speaking world, the methods
of impacting an individual’s cognition have been changed for the first time in many centuries. The rise of political and socio-political press in the region overall and in Egypt in particular was likely a by-product of Western intervention in the region, more specifically, Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign resulting in his temporary control of Egypt. It too was Napoleon who created the first publishing houses in Egypt and it was his political views that were being spread through them. Expanding in detail on multiple sources to delve into the relevant periods, we have worked through numerous newspapers and publishers of socio-political articles in the Middle East and have noticed that Egyptian newspapers have managed to be representative of the Arab speaking printed press in the region. Egyptian editori- als have showcased the forefront of suggestive means with the purpose of leaving an imprint on the reader’s cognition, despite the fact that Egypt was not the first nation with a printed press capable of printing in Arabic. In this study we utilise quotes and examples from a range of socio-political press articles, dated as far back as 1967, as we provide examples backing our hypotheses for the changes in suggestive tactics used by the authors and editorials in their relevant periods. However, our goal in this article was not to focus on the suggestive means themselves in depth, but to rather provide evi- dence pointing to the fact that these suggestive methods have in fact undergone a process of evolution in their own right, changing with time and thus becoming more advanced and author-specific in the process. The possibility to spread a specific subjective position of an author in society without a need for speeches and the accompanying crowds became one of the defining factors to impact and shape the Arab speaking society since the XIX century. The eﬃcacy of suggestive means in printed media has remained in present days with further evolution imminent due to the digitalisation of information, thus making suggestibility a more important aspect of printed press to explore than ever before.
“INSIDE” AND “OUTSIDE” SPACE IN THE СONTEXT OF THE PERSIAN POLITENESS SYSTEM TA’ĀROF
Authors: Mazepova O. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with the problem of implementation of the binary opposition “inside-outside” within the scope of ta’ārof, the Persian politeness system, which is deeply involved in all the types of social communication in Iran. Here was analyzed a concept set forth by US anthropologist W. Beeman, who states that communicative behavior of Iranians is regulated by strict diﬀerence between “inside” and “outside” space, which is expressed through stylistically marked means of speech. Also here was determined peculiar correlation between the concepts of “inside/outside” space and “inside/outside” behavior incorporated into Iranian worldview since the ancient times. In the situations, which speaker regards as “outside” (birun / zāher) he chooses a communication style in accordance with require- ments of ta’ārof politeness system, demonstrating diﬀerence in status of the interlocutors. And vice versa, in the situations regarded as “inside” (andarun / bāten) ones, he feels comfortable and relaxed, and uses in his speech expressions demonstrating friendliness and sincerity. Yet, when correlation between two frames of behavior is broken the “outside”-mode communication turns into “inside”, and “inside” – into “outside”-mode communication. “Outside” pattern of communication is useful when applied to the misbehaving persons. Unacceptable behavior of “high-ranking person” could well be moderated by intensifying the strategy of “self-lowering” and “other-rising” towards the counterpart, making use of stylistically based means of speech.

It was pointed out to the negative aspect of the Persian politeness system, which allows manipulat- ing interlocutor. Identifying and proper reaction from the side of foreigners to such attempts is one of the most important tasks of intercultural communication with Persian native speakers.
Etil Alkol Yakıtlı HCCI Motorun Performans, Yanma ve Emisyon Özeliklerinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: CALAM Alper , HALİS Serdar
Published: March 2020

Bu
çalışmada dört zamanlı, tek silindirli, port enjeksiyonlu bir benzinli motordan
(SI) homojen dolgulu sıkıştırma ile ateşlemeli motora (HCCI) dönüşümü yapılmış
Ricardo Hydra test motoru kullanılmıştır. Referans heptan ve heptan/etil alkol
karışımlarının (E15 ve E25) yanma, motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonlarına
etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Emme havası giriş sıcaklığı 60℃’de
sabitlenmiş ve motor hızı 800 rpm olarak belirlenmiştir. Farklı hava fazlalık
katsayısı (HFK) değerlerinde silindir içi basınç, ısı dağılımı, yanma
başlangıcı, CA50, yanma süresi, indike termik verim, indike ortalama efektif
basınç (IMEP) ve egzoz emisyon sonuçları incelenmiştir. Heptan yakıtına etil
alkol ilavesi yanmanın gecikmeye alınarak uzamasına neden olmuştur. Ayrıca
yanmanın yavaşlatılması sağlanmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak basınç artış oranı
azalarak HCCI yanma kontrol altına alınmıştır. En yüksek indike termik verim
E15 yakıtı kullanımında HFK’nın 2 olduğu şartlarda %49 olarak belirlenmiştir.
En yüksek IMEP E25 yakıtı kullanımında HFK’nın 1,3 olduğu şartlarda 6,1 bar
olarak tespit edilmiştir. CO ve HC emisyonları ise heptan yakıtına etil alkol
ilave edilmesi ile eş zamanlı olarak artış göstermiştir. Karışım yakıtları
kullanımında silindir içi gaz sıcaklıklarının heptana göre düşük olması, yüksek
emisyon değerlerinin temel nedeni olduğu ifade edilebilir. E15 yakıtının uygun
çalışma şartlardında ideal yakıt olduğu bu çalışma ile ifade edilebilir.
Bir Endüstriyel Fan Tasarımı ve Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği ile Analizi
Authors: ATEŞ Ömer Korcan
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fan tasarımlarında
HAD ile doğru analiz parametrelerinin belirlenmesidir. Bunun için, farklı
analitik yöntemlerden deney sonuçlarına en yakını bulunarak bir metodoloji
seçilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Bu metodoloji ile, daha önce test edilen bir fanın
aynı girdi verileri kullanılarak tasarlanan fan, hem geometrisi hem de
performans sonuçları bu test edilmiş fan ile karşılaştırılmıştır.Daha sonra, önceden test edilmiş fan
üzerinde HAD (Hesaplamalı Akışkan Dinamiği,) analizi yapılmıştır. Farklı ağ
yapılarında zamandan bağımsız çözdürülen analiz sonuçları tablolar halinde
sunulmuş, en uygun ve en az kaynak tüketen minimum ağ sayısı tespit edilmiştir.
Nümerik analiz sonucu çıkan sonuçlar, test edilmiş fanın deney sonuçları ile
karşılaştırılmış ve düşük bir hata yüzdesi ile tutturulmuştur. Bu da bize, aynı
analiz ayarlarında bu sefer yeni tasarlanan fan geometrisine uygulanan HAD
yönteminin kabul edilebilir sonuçlar vereceğini kanıtlamıştır. Sonrasında
analitik hesaplardan çıkan çizim değerlerine göre modellenen yeni tasarlanan
fan aynı ayarlar ile analiz edilmiş ve tasarım esnasındaki kabuller, bu HAD
analizinin sonuçlarına göre revize edilerek deneysel katsayı değerleri olan bir
K' faktörü bulunmuştur.

Son olarak
bu ulaşılan katsayılara göre yenilenen fan, tekrar aynı nümerik hesaplama
işlemlerinden geçirilerek yeni sonuçlar çıkarılmıştır. Yeni tasarlanan
fanımızın birçok bölgesindeki veriler alınarak analitik hesaplarla
karşılaştırılmış ve kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde olduğu görülmüştür.
Çapraz Tablolarda Multinomial-Dirichlet Dağılımının Uygulanması: İki Şehir (Ukrayna/Harkiv–Türkiye/Giresun) Öğrencilerinin İnternet Kullanım Sıklığının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: AVCI Esin
Published: March 2020

Medikal ve sosyal çalışmaların bir çoğunda
nitelik ifade eden değişkenlerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Frekans ve yüzde ile
özetlenen iki veya daha fazla nitel değişken arasındaki bağımlılık ilişkisi,
tablolaştırılarak incelenmektedir. Yaygın olarak Ki-Kare bağımsızlık
testlerinden faydalanılarak alt kategorileri arasındaki bağımlılık ve birlikte değişimi
incelenmektedir. Ancak Ki-Kare testi genel bir sonuç vermekte, farklılığı
yaratan alt kategori(ler) oran farklarının incelenmesi ile ortaya
konulmaktadır. Alt kategori sayısı arttıkça bu karşılaştırma sayısı  kombinasyonu kadar
olmakta ve her bir karşılaştırmada 1-α kadar güven öngörüldüğünden
karşılaştırma sayısı arttıkça kümülatif olarak I. tip hata da artmaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Multinomial-Dirichlet dağılımından yararlanarak, alt kategori
sayısına bakılmaksızın sabit I. tip hata ile oran farklarının karşılaştırmasını
yapmaktır.  Uygulamada, küçük örnek (n≤25) için simülasyon verisinden ve Giresun
Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından desteklenen
SOS-BAP-A-200515-43 verilerinin bir kısmından yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma
neticisinde; Multinomial-Dirichlet dağılımı yaklaşımının özellikle küçük örnek
hacmi için daha dar güven aralığına sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Preparation and Characterization of Calcite Loaded Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite Materials
Authors: DİKE Ali Sinan
Published: March 2020

In this work, calcite (KS) mineral was compounded with poly (lactic
acid) (PLA) at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% using extrusion
process. Test samples of PLA and composites were prepared by injection molding.
Characterization
of composites were done based on mechanical tests including tensile, hardness
and impact tests, flow behavior by melt flow rate test (MFR) and morphological
studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.[A1]  Mechanical test results showed that
the highest improvements in tensile strength and tensile modulus values were
obtained for 10 wt% of KS filled composite. Further addition of KS caused
remarkable decrease in tensile strength. Impact strength of PLA reduced by KS
additions. The highest impact energy value was found in PLA-15 KS sample among
composites. Hardness of neat PLA increased after KS inclusions. KS loaded PLA
gave slightly higher MFR values compared to neat PLA. SEM micro-images of
composites implied that KS particles dispersed homogeneously in PLA matrix at
their lower loading ratio. Large agglomerates and poor dispersion were obtained
for higher concentrations of KS since they favor particle-particle interactions.
According to these results, concentrations of 10wt% and 15wt% were determined
as suitable for calcite containing PLA composites.

 [A1]Bu
cümleyi yeniden yazabilir misiniz? Biraz karışık olmuş. Konuyu bilmeyen biri
okuduğunda sertlik, çekme ve darbe testlerinin mekanik olduğunu bilmeyebilir.
Bunu ayrı cümlelerde yazarsanız daha iyi olur.
Poli (metilmetakrilat-ko-metakrilik asit) Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Termal Bozunma Kinetiği
Authors: AKAT Hakan , KÖRPINAR Berna
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, poli (metil metakrilat-ko-metakrilik
asit) (poli (MM-ko-MA))) 70 ° C'de benzoil peroksit , metakrilik asit ve metil
metakrilat monomerleri varlığında serbest radikal  polimerizasyon yöntemiyle sentezlenmiştir.
Poli (metil metakrilat-ko-metakrilik asit) 
yapısı, GPC, FT-IR ve 1H-NMR metotları analizleri ile karakterize
edildi. Mn = 39800 g / mol PDI: 2.04 Radikal polimerizasyon verimi% 42 olarak
elde edildi. Poli (metil metakrilat-ko-metakrilik asit) 'in termal bozunma
kinetiği ayrıca araştırılmıştır. Poli (MM-ko-MA) 'nın ısıl bozulması iki
aşamada gözlenmiştir. Kinetik parametreler Flynn-Wall-Ozawa işlemi ve Kissinger
metodu ile hesaplandı. Birinci adım ve ikinci adımın aktivasyon enerjisinin
Flynn-Wall-Ozawa  metoduna göre 108,34 kJ
/ mol, 253,41 kJ / mol olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose metoduna
göre, ilk adımın aktivasyon enerjisi 114,40 kJ / mol ve ikinci adımın
aktivasyon enerjisi 231,13 kJ / mol bulunmuştur.
Electrical Properties of Ulexite by Dielectric Spectroscopy
Authors: CANIMKURBEY Betül
Published: March 2020

In
this work of the material investigation, electrical parameters, which are real
part and imaginary part of dielectric constant versus frequency, real part and
imaginary part of impedance, dissipation factor, and conductivity, in the bulk
ulexite pellet is presented. Electrical properties were investigated dependent
temperature and frequency with dielectric spectroscopy. Real and imaginary part
of dielectric parameter properties of the ulexite were measured at frequencies
from 100 Hz to 15MHz in the temperature range of 25 to 200 ºC. It was observed
that AC conductivity increased with increasing frequency at room temperature
and decreased with increasing frequency at higher temperatures.
Nabumeton İçeren Tabletlerde Yeni Miktar Tayin Yöntemleri ve Diğer Yöntemlerle Karşılaştırması
Authors: EROĞLU Yalçın
Published: March 2020

Türkiye'de Relifex film tablet adı altında satılan ve non-steroidal antienflamatuvar
etkili, romatoid artrit ve osteoartrit tedavisinde endike bir bileşik olan
nabumetonun preparatlardaki miktarlarının tayini için yeni yöntemler
geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, HPLC, HPTLC, 1H-NMR ve LC/MS yöntemleri
olmak üzere dört yeni yöntem geliştirilmiş ve bulunan yöntemler ticari
tabletlere uygulanmıştır. Dört ayrı yöntemin sonuçları istatistiksel olarak
değerlendirilmiş ve kendi aralarında hassasiyet, çabukluk, kolay
uygulanabilirlik ve ekonomik yönden karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Geliştirilen
bu yeni yöntemler günümüzde rutin analizlerde uygulanan UV yönteminden daha
hassas ve daha iyidir. Bu çalışmayla, ilaç sanayinde ve ilaçların piyasa ile
ruhsat aşamasındaki kontrollerinde teknolojinin yakından takip edilmesi
gerekliliği açıkça ortaya konulmaktadır. Kantitatif ilaç analizlerinde daha
kesin sonuç veren, kolaylıkla uygulanabilen ve insan hatasının en aza
indirgendiği yeni cihazları kullanmak ve birlikte getirdikleri modern
teknolojilerle analizleri gerçekleştirmek kaçınılmazdır.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Saponin Contents of Quinoa Seeds Having Different Hull Colors as Affected by Washing Process
Authors: ÇELİK Ömer Faruk , TUNÇİL Yunus Emre
Published: March 2020

Quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has recently gained more interest due to its
high nutritional value such as high protein quality, high phenolic and dietary
fiber contents. However, saponins present in quinoa negatively impact its
nutritional and sensory attributes. The aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of washing process, which is commonly used to eliminate the
undesired effects of saponins, on phenolic and saponin contents, and
antioxidant capacities of different colored quinoa seeds. Our results show that
red (55.02 mg GAE/100 g) and black (53.25 mg GAE/100 g) quinoa seeds had
significantly higher total phenolic contents than their white (46.27 mg GAE/100
g) counterparts (p<0.05). Generally, red quinoa exhibited higher antioxidant
capacity, compared to black and white seeds. The washing step caused a
significant reduction in phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of all
quinoa types (p<0.05), while the reduction in saponin contents was
insignificant (p>0.05). Moreover, the disc diffusion assay indicated that quinoa
seeds have no inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria. Consequently, red
and black colored quinoa seeds have better functional properties than white counterparts.
Herewith, development of improved washing methods for more efficient removal of
saponin from quinoa seeds while protecting its bioactive compounds is advised.
Spectrum of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nervous system diseases in hospitalised patients: a hospital based prospective study from a hilly state of Himachal Pradesh in North India
Authors: Nand Laxmi , Chauhan Prem S. , Sharma Sudhir , Shandil Rakesh
Published: March 2020

Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is an invaluable diagnostic aid in various nervous system diseases.  Many times, alterations in normal CSF parameters with variable and overlapping results are challenging in differential diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. The aim of the study is to know the spectrum of CSF analysis and nervous system diseases with different prevalence in our setup.Methods: Total 150 hospitalised patients with various nervous system diseases and indications were subjected to lumbar puncture and the CSF analysis was done, in a period of one year study.Results: A total of 150 patients with mean age of 50.41±19.54 years had male to female ratio of 1.63:1. CSF analysis revealed most of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in 30(20%) patients with higher adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels of 10.7±20.24 IU/L and lymphocytic leukocytosis (81.93%). Bacterial meningitis in 8(5.3%) patients revealed highest increase in CSF mean protein levels of 349.63±226.39 mg/dL and in mean cell count of 1039.50±930.23 cells/mm3. There was significant increase in protein levels and decrease in glucose levels of CSF, both in TBM and bacterial meningitis compared to viral, fungal meningitis and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases(p<0.001).Conclusions: Spectrum of CSF analysis and CNS diseases revealed consistent findings of alteration of normal CSF variables and therefore, was found as an invaluable, rapid and cost-effective differentiating diagnostic tool.
Observation on clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen combined with neurosurgery in treating craniocerebral trauma
Authors: Kim Sung-Won
Published: March 2020

The probability of craniocerebral trauma is higher and higher, along with the increasing number of traffic and construction accidents in our lives which cause physical injuries. Main symptoms of such injuries are headache, dizziness, and impairment in language function and limb activity to varying degrees. For patients with severe craniocerebral trauma whose nerve tissue are greatly damaged, there are difficulties in effectively recovering, which may lead to some obstacles in consciousness, intelligence and even action. The current treatment research has found that inappropriate treatment method will increase patients' mortality or disability rate. At present, the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for craniocerebral trauma has been recognized in many clinical trails, seen from increased cure rate.
Pengaruh Iri Hati Terhadap Munculnya Schadenfreude
Authors: Abdillah Aufa
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchadenfreude is a compound word of the word Schaden, which means loss, andFreude, which means joy. It shows that envy plays an important role in generatingSchadenfreude; People are pleased with the misfortune of others when thismisfortune gives them a social comparison that increases the feeling of their selfesteem or removes the basic feelingof hurtful jealousy. This research method isexperiments with factorial design. The Sampling techniques uses RandomSampling. Analysis techniques are used with the correlation technique of PearsonProduct moment. The results of this study complement these opposing findings, indicating that envy is the Schadenfreude predictor when the target has the same gender. This research was conducted at one of the universities in Salatiga.AbstrakSchadenfreude adalah kata majemuk dari kata Schaden, yang berarti kerugian,dan Freude, yang berarti sukacita. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa iri hatimemainkan peran penting dalam membangkitkan Schadenfreude; orang merasasenang dengan ketidakberuntungan orang lain ketika ketidakberuntungan inimemberi mereka perbandingan sosial yang meningkatkan perasaan harga dirimereka atau menghilangkan dasar perasaan iri hati yang menyakitkan. Metodepenelitian dengan eksperimen dengan desain faktorial. Tehnik pengambilansampel menggunakan Random Sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakandengan tehnik korelasi Pearson Product Momen. Hasil penelitian ini melengkapitemuan-temuan yang berlawanan ini, dengan menunjukkan bahwa iri hatiadalah prediktor Schadenfreude ketika targetnya memliki gender yang sama.Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu universitas di Salatiga.
Roundup-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of rats: the ameliorative effects of Linum usitatissimum oil
Authors: Djaber Nesrine , Ounaceur Lynda Sabrina , Moubine Baya Nouha , Khaldi Taha , Rouag Mereim , Berrouague Salma , Amara Hichem , Taibi Faiza , Boumendjel Mahieddine , Boumendjel Amel , Messarah Mahfoud
Published: March 2020

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Linum usitatissimum oil (LuO) against sub-chronic Roundup (RDP)-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: control group (no treatment), RDP group (Roundup at 269.9 mg/kg b.w.), LuO group (0.5 g/kg b.w. of LuO) and RDP+LuO group (RDP and LuO simultaneously). LuO decreased the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC50=10.36 μg/ml) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50=22.85 mg/ml) in the tested tissues. The 30-day exposure of rats to RDP caused an increase in serum hepatic and renal markers: AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, γGT, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. In addition, SOD, CAT and GST activities decreased by 43%, 61%, and 61%, respectively, while GPx activity, MDA and PCOs levels increased by 80%, 46%, 25%, respectively. LuO treatment alleviated hepatotoxicity in RDP-treated rats, showing improved levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma biochemical parameters. The histological examination of the liver and kidney confirmed the changes in Roundup-treated rats and demonstrated the protective role of LuO.
Políticas de ampliação da jornada escolar: fundamentos e proposições
Authors: Parente Cláudia da Mota Darós
Published: March 2020

Este ensaio teve como objetivo analisar alguns fundamentos que embasam a formulação e a implementação de políticas de ampliação da jornada escolar: articulação entre educação formal e educação não formal, ideia de cidade educadora, noção de território educativo, noção de intersetorialidade, enfoque de relações intergovernamentais e abordagem de redes de políticas. O conhecimento empírico mostra que esses aspectos, no todo ou em parte, têm fundamentado estratégias políticas em vigor em alguns países. A articulação entre esses seis fundamentos possibilitou a elaboração de um esquema analítico denominado Enfoque Integrador. Esse enfoque é, ao mesmo tempo, modelo de análise e modo de gestão de políticas públicas, o que permitiu a sistematização de algumas proposições à formulação e implementação de políticas de ampliação da jornada escolar.
Derecho a la seguridad social en las constituciones políticas de Colombia y Venezuela. Su desarrollo legislativo fundamental: Ley 100 de 1993 y Ley Orgánica del Sistema de Seguridad Social del 2002
Authors: Méndez Cegarra Absalón
Published: March 2020

Colombia y Venezuela son dos países hermanos y vecinos, con una historia relativamente común. En el periodo colonial, la Provincia de Venezuela estuvo bajo la jurisdicción del Nuevo Reino de Granada, hoy, Colombia. Posteriormente, en 1830, se disuelve la Gran Colombia; en consecuencia, Colombia y Venezuela pasan a formar repúblicas independientes. El periodo republicano ha sido convulso y accidentado en ambos países y la evolución constitucional tanto en uno como en el otro país da cuenta del acontecer sociopolítico de las dos naciones. El presente artículo constituye una aproximación al estudio comparado de la legislación en materia de seguridad social sobre la base de la constitucionalización del derecho a la seguridad social y su desarrollo legislativo principal: Ley 100 de 1993, en el caso de Colombia, y Ley Orgánica del Sistema de Seguridad Social del 2002, en el caso de Venezuela.
La seguridad social chilena en pensiones y el principio de la solidaridad: evolución histórica y retos actuales
Authors: Cifuentes Lillo Hugo , Naranjo Carvacho Carmen
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza y desarrolla el principio de la solidaridad en el derecho de la seguridad social y cómo este se manifiesta en el sistema chileno de pensiones, establecido según las reglas de los seguros bismarckianos, evolucionando en cobertura y prestaciones hasta la reforma estructural de 1980, año en que nace un régimen de pensiones por capitalización individual, gestionado por administradoras de fondos de pensiones con cotizaciones de cargo del afiliado y baja presencia del Estado. La revisión que hacen los autores muestra que el sistema se mantiene con ese carácter hasta la implantación de las pensiones básicas y aportes “solidarios” complementarios a la pensión por capitalización, con intervención financiera fiscal e importante gestión pública. Y que luego en la segunda década de este siglo, se ha profundizado el debate por el bajo nivel de las pensiones y las necesidades de ajustes del sistema, tanto estructurales como paramétricos, lo que está determinado, entre otros aspectos, por el contenido que se atribuya al principio de la solidaridad. En los apartados que integran el estudio, los autores abordan la problemática de los principios, la conceptualización de la solidaridad y su recepción en la seguridad social chilena en pensiones, conclusiones y retos que se enfrentan en la actualidad.
La limitación de las prejubilaciones en los procesos de reestructuración empresarial: efectos derivados del proceso de transformación del sistema de seguridad social
Authors: López Ahumada José Eduardo
Published: March 2020

El recurso a las prejubilaciones en los procesos de reestructuración empresarial tiene importantes efectos desde el punto de vista del empleo y del sistema de protección social. Las prejubilaciones conviven en un contexto de concurrencia conflictiva respecto de la amenaza que pueden representar para el sistema público de pensiones. El envejecimiento de la población y los datos desesperanzadores del comportamiento y evolución de la población activa son, sin duda, factores esenciales, ya que condicionan la propia viabilidad del sistema de protección contributivo y las posibilidades reales de reparto entre los colectivos objeto de protección. El tratamiento de la prejubilación y las reestructuraciones de empresa no se limitan a su análisis desde la perspectiva de las políticas de gestión empresarial, sino que, junto a dicho enfoque, es preciso tener en cuenta las condiciones propias del sistema de seguridad social y sus posibilidades de financiación.
Fundamentos para acoger el precedente de la Corte Constitucional respecto al índice base de liquidación de las pensiones que hacen parte del régimen de transición
Authors: Segura Alfonso Sergio Alfredo
Published: March 2020

Este artículo analiza la línea jurisprudencial del Consejo de Estado y de la Corte Constitucional sobre el índice base de liquidación de las pensiones del régimen de transición de los servidores públicos. A partir de allí, busca ofrecer algunos fundamentos que apoyan la tesis expuesta por el Tribunal Constitucional: desde la prevalencia de su precedente, la ponderación de los derechos e intereses en juego bajo una mirada del análisis económico del derecho y los principios de indubio pro operario, favorabilidad, condición más beneficiosa, inescendibilidad y progresividad laboral.
Difficult Pasts and Haunted Presents: Contemporary Archaeology and Conflict in an Age of Global Uncertainty
Authors: Symonds James
Published: March 2020

This article examines the role of archaeology in contemporary society. It works from the premise that archaeology is a form of socio-political action and explores some of the ways in which archaeologies of the recent past can have therapeutic or cathartic effects. Three case studies are presented. The first two focus on the recovery of war dead and the memorialization of conflict landscapes at Fromelles, in northern France, and Peleliu, in Micronesia. The third explores the materiality of unauthorised migration in the US-Mexico borderlands of southern Arizona. The central argument presented in this article is that in an age of global uncertainty, where support for the humanities is in decline and respect for academic knowledge is diminishing, archaeologists should re-position their work to more clearly focus on contemporary social issues. If archaeology is to survive as a discipline it must be seen as being socially relevant research, with the capacity to contribute to contemporary public discourses.
Continuity and Decline. Temporal Expression of Denominational Cemeteries in Contemporary Times
Authors: Majewska Anna
Published: March 2020

The study attempts to systematize the leading transformations observed nowadays in denominational cemeteries located in Poland. The time frame of the analyses was limited to the period from the end of the Second World War to the present. Four basic types of transformations have been distinguished and divided into two main directions of changes reported over time, namely: harmonious temporal expression (stagnation/decline, continuation) and disharmonious temporal expression (desacralisation, resacralisation and commemoration). Each type of transformation is discussed separately based on selected examples. However, it needs to be emphasised that the proposed division is not disjunctive as considering the multitude of factors that determine changes in the material structures of cemeteries, processes sometimes run parallel to each other or overlap in time.
In the Factory, in Łódź, in the City. Reconstructing the Industrial Past of a Place
Authors: Krupa-Ławrynowicz Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses an interdisciplinary research project (2014–2016) concerning the industrial heritage of Łódź, as exemplified by the former Monopol Wódczany, which is today converted for the purposes of new, cultural and service functions. The aim of ethnographic and archaeological activities was to collect oral histories and artefacts, which not only documented the history of the factory, but also presented the professional biographies of its workers, meaning people whose lives had been intertwined with the activity of the company. Thanks to such a research assumption, the researchers were able to reconstruct the industrial past of the place based on memories, artefacts collected, and archive surveys. The Author describes the idea behind the project, its methodology and results, using the notions of industrial heritage and urban narratives as the analytical context.
The Right to the City, the Right to Heritage – Material and Non-Material Traces of Scheibler’s ‘New Weaving Mill’ in Łódź
Authors: Piotrowska Alicja , Kuźma Inga B.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the case of post-industrial space of the New Weaving Mill in Kilińskiego Street in Łódź, which was a part of Karol Scheibler’s empire. We use it to illustrate the tensions between actors of the city life and the related right to the city including the right to heritage. At the same time, we indicate the significance of involving different actors in the process of creating narratives (also those contributing to the extension of the research field) of it. In our discussion, we mostly perceive this space as everyday space – space of work that was marked with an unusual event: the visit of John Paul II in 1987. Thus, we consider the practices and strategies for commemorating/forgetting in the context of urban practices connected with the construction of heritage and the right to it.
An Attempt to Calculate the Number of Inhabitants in Relation to the Social Dimension in Neo-Babylonian Residential Architecture on the Example of Babylon
Authors: Al-Ibadi Ali
Published: March 2020

In the article, I attempt to estimate the number of inhabitants of Neo-Babylonian households based on archaeological data based on the example of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian period: 1100/1000–539 BCE). In order to discover how the household or an individual room was used, we must reconstruct the way that a household functioned. However, since no households can be found in archaeological research, it is necessary to turn to ethnographic sources. The article has been divided into three parts. The first part contains key information on households in the Neo-Babylonian period, indicated on the basis of ethnographic sources and compared with archaeological remains. In the second part of the article, I analyse various mathematical formulas used to calculate the number of residents on the basis of archaeological data. The third part comprises a discussion presenting my own mathematical formulas regarding the collected data.
THE INCIDENCE OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C IN CHILDREN OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION IN 2000-2015
Authors: Galova Elena A.
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of analysis of reported incidence of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis С in children of Nizhny Novgorod region in 2000-2015. Description of epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis С in children in different age groups is provided. Distinction of the incidence of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis С in children indicate about different mechanisms of the epidemic process of disease and determine the need to develop age-appropriate approach to their prevention.
MODERN PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THERAPY OF CHOLERA
Authors: Selyanskaya Nadezhda A.
Published: March 2020

The spread of V. cholerae strains with multiple antibiotic resistance limits the choice of effective means of etiotropic therapy for cholera, emphasizing the importance of finding ways to maintain efficacy in the face of the widespread prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The review presents data of domestic and foreign literature on the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae and the prospects for the treatment of cholera in the modern period.