bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective into the regulation of cell‐generated forces toward stem cell migration and differentiation
Authors: Chen Liujing , Huang Tu , Qiao Yini , Jiang Fulin , Lan Jingxiang , Zhou Yimei , Yang Cai , Yan Shanyu , Luo Kaihui , Su Liping , Li Juan
Published: December 2018

Stem cells are promising candidates for cell‐based therapies in diverse conditions including regenerating damaged tissues, treating inflammation in virtue of sepsis, acute renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. Advancement of these therapies relies on the ability to guide stem cells to migrate directly and differentiate towards specific cell phenotypes. During the past decade, many researchers have demonstrated that exogenous applied forces could significantly affect the migration and lineage differentiation of stem cells. Besides, recent advances have highlighted the critical role of internal forces due to cell‐matrix interaction in the function of stem cells. Stem cells can generate contractile forces to sense the mechanical properties of cell‐generated force microenvironment, and thereby perceive mechanical information that directs broad aspects of stem cell functions, including migration and lineage commitment. In the review, we recount the cell‐generated force microenvironment of stem cells and discuss the interactions between cell‐generated forces with migration and differentiation of stem cells. We also summarize key experimental evidence of a tight linkage between migration and lineage differentiation of stem cells and pose important unanswered questions in this field.
Diacylglycerol kinase α‐selective inhibitors induce apoptosis and reduce viability of melanoma and several other cancer cell lines
Authors: Yamaki Atsumi , Akiyama Rino , Murakami Chiaki , Takao Saki , Murakami Yuki , Mizuno Satoru , Takahashi Daisuke , Kado Sayaka , Taketomi Akinobu , Shirai Yasuhito , Goto Kaoru , Sakane Fumio
Published: December 2018

Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK), which phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), consists of ten isozymes (α–к). Recently, we identified a novel small molecule inhibitor, CU‐3, that selectively inhibits the activity of the α isozyme. In addition, we newly obtained Compound A, which selectively and strongly inhibits type I DGKs (α, β, and γ). In the present study, we demonstrated that both CU‐3 and Compound A induced apoptosis (caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation) and viability reduction of AKI melanoma cells. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry revealed that the production of 32:0‐ and 34:0‐PA species was commonly attenuated by CU‐3 and Compound A, suggesting that lower levels of these PA molecular species are involved in the apoptosis induction and viability reduction of AKI cells. We determined the effects of the DGKα inhibitors on several other cancer cell lines derived from refractory cancers. In addition to melanoma, the DGKα inhibitors enhanced caspase 3/7 activity and reduced the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and pancreatic cancer cells, but not breast adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, Western blot analysis indicated that the DGKα expression levels were positively correlated with the sensitivity to the DGK inhibitors. Because both CU‐3 and Compound A induced interleukin‐2 production by T cells, it is believed that these two compounds can enhance cancer immunity. Taken together, our results suggest that DGKα inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs.
Functional analysis of DNA methylation of the PACSIN1 promoter in pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Feng Wen , Zhou Lei , Wang Haifei , Hu Zhengzheng , Wang Xiaomei , Fu Jianlian , Wang Aiguo , Liu Jian‐Feng
Published: December 2018

DNA methylation plays essential roles in regulating the activity of genes and may contribute to understanding the potential epigenetic biomarkers response to viruses. To explore the function of DNA methylation of protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 (PACSNI1) promoter, herein we performed the bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis to verify hypermethylation and downregulation of PACSIN1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pig as the vitro model. Promoter methylation could reduce the transcriptional activity of the PACSIN1 gene potentially by affecting the binding of transcription factor Sp1. In addition, downregulation of the PACSIN1 gene expression could facilitate the production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor α, and NECAP2. The comprehensive analysis of PACSIN1 methylation and its function will help us to understand the gene to be served as an important candidate gene in pig for disease resistance breeding and aid in the identification of potential epigenetic biomarkers associated with responsiveness to viruses.
Food Effect Study Design With Oral Drugs: Lessons Learned From Recently Approved Drugs in Oncology
Authors: Farha Mark , Masson Eric , Tomkinson Helen , Mugundu Ganesh
Published: December 2018

Evaluation of the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of oral oncology drugs is critical to drug development, as food can mitigate or exacerbate toxicities and alter systemic exposure. Our aim is to expand on current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance and provide data‐driven food‐effect study design recommendations specific to the oncology therapeutic area. Data for recently approved small‐molecule oncology drugs was extracted from the clinical pharmacology review in the sponsor's FDA submission package. Information on subject selection, meal types, timing of the study relative to the pivotal trial, and study outcomes was analyzed. The number of subjects enrolled ranged from 12 to 60, and the majority of studies (19 of 29) were conducted in healthy volunteers. Using AstraZeneca cost data, healthy volunteer studies were estimated to cost 10‐fold less than cancer patient studies. Nine of 29 (31%) studies included meals with multiple levels of fat content. Analysis of a subset of 16 drugs revealed that final results for the food‐effect study were available before the start of the pivotal trial for only 2 drugs. Conducting small food‐effect studies powered to estimate effect, rather than confirm no effect, with only a standardized high‐fat meal according to FDA guidance may eliminate unnecessary studies, reduce cost, and improve efficiency in oncology drug development. Starting food‐effect studies as early as possible is key to inform dosing in pivotal trials.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Bayesian Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure in Chinese Renal Allograft Recipients After Administration of EC‐MPS
Authors: Chen Bing , Shao Kun , An Hui‐Min , Shi Hao‐Qiang , Lu Jia‐Qian , Zhai Xiao‐Hui , Liu Xiao‐Xue , Wang Xiang‐Hui , Xu Da , Zhou Pei‐Jun
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study is to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and limited sampling strategy models for the estimation of MPA exposure in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients following oral administration of enteric coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS). A total of 74 sets of full pharmacokinetic profiles and 47 sets of MPA‐sparing samples were collected from 102 renal transplant recipients who received oral EC‐MPS. The MPA concentration was determined by an enzyme‐multiplied immunoassay technique, and the pathophysiologic data were recorded. The PPK model was constructed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling, and the limited sampling strategy models for MPA were established by using multiple regression analysis and the maximum a posteriori Bayesian assay based on 2 to 4 sampling time points following EC‐MPS administration. The pharmacokinetics of MPA were best described by a 2‐compartment model with a first‐order absorption process and a lag time of absorption. The clearance of MPA was 12.3 ± 1.14 L/h. Comedicating with cyclosporine A was found to have a significant impact on the clearance/bioavailability of MPA (P < .01). Sampling strategies consisted of plasma concentration at 1.5, 2, 4 (C1.5‐C2‐C4) hours and 1.5, 2, 4, 6 (C1.5‐C2‐C4‐C6) hours after EC‐MPS administration were shown to be suitable for the estimation of the MPA area under the concentration‐time curve in these patients. The PPK model was acceptable and can describe the pharmacokinetics of MPA in Chinese renal transplant recipients administered EC‐MPS. The area under the concentration‐time curve of MPA in Chinese renal transplant recipients could be estimated through a limited sampling strategy method, based on which individualized immunosuppressive regimens could be designed.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Ibuprofen‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids
Authors: Rayam Parsharamulu , Polkam Naveen , Kummari Bhaskar , Banothu Venkanna , Gandamalla Durgaiah , Yellu Narsimha Reddy , Anireddy Jaya Shree
Published: December 2018

A new hybrid polydentate template comprising distinctive pharmacophoric groups, namely, ibuprofen, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and 1,2,3‐triazole linked through a thioether bridge was achieved by one‐pot synthesis by exploring multicomponent Cu‐catalyzed “click chemistry” approach. The target structures were characterized by NMR, IR, and LC‐Mass. The X‐ray analysis of 2‐(1‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐5‐(((1‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8a) confirmed the assigned structure. The in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activity of these compounds revealed that 2‐(1‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐5‐(((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8b) demonstrated more potent antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 2‐(((1‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐5‐(1‐(4 isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8e) exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 of 27.50 and 31.03 μg/mL against HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines, respectively.
Leadership Decision‐Making Leveraging Big Data in Vuca Contexts
Authors: Elkington Rob
Published: December 2018

In the late 1990s the American military coined the acronym “VUCA” to describe the new theater of war as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous. The acronym has since been coopted by business organizations and researchers to describe the globalized context of 21st‐century business. Researchers subsequently also developed the notion of VUCA prime, including Vision, Understanding, Clarity, and Agility, as a matrix to address VUCA. The current article seeks to discuss and describe how leadership, as social capital, across many sectors, leverages the two components in VUCA prime of Understanding and Clarity through the mechanism of Big Data to support effective and rapid decision‐making, or Agility, that aligns with the Vision of the organization.
The impact of freeze–thaw cycles and soil moisture content at freezing on runoff and soil loss
Authors: Wei Xia , Huang Chihua , Wei Ning , Zhao Hengce , He Yan , Wu Xiaodong
Published: December 2018

The freeze–thaw (F‐T) cycles play an important role in soil erosion, although quantitative description of this effect is challenging due to the complicated interactions of soil moisture content (SMC), surface hydrology, and flow hydraulics involved in processes of erosion. In this study, we investigated the influences of F‐T cycles and SMC at freezing on runoff and soil loss under simulated rainfall in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research Lab. The SMCs at the start of freezing were adjusted to 10% and 20%, undergone 1, 3, and 6 F‐T cycles with freezing at −12°C for 24 hr and followed by thawing at 4°C for 24 hr. After designed F‐T cycle, the air‐dried soils were packed into the 0.5‐m‐long, 0.2‐m‐wide, 0.1‐m‐deep soil boxes and subjected to simulated rainfall. The results showed that the impact of 20% SMC was greater than that of 10% SMC under the same F‐T cycles and rainfall intensities. The impact of F‐T cycles on runoff and soil loss increased with the number of F‐T cycles at 10% SMC. However, at 20% SMC, the impact on runoff and soil loss increased after 1 and 3 F‐T cycles and declined after 6 F‐T cycles. Furthermore, the impact of SMC on runoff and soil loss was greater than the impact from different F‐T cycles. This research fills a gap in the current literature on Alfisols affected by the F‐T processes, and results are useful in the assessment of runoff and soil loss in regions where winter processes are significant.
Sawyer's duality principle for grand Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Singh Arun Pal , Singh Monika , Stepanov Vladimir D.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper is to extend Sawyer's duality principle from the cone of decreasing functions of the Lebesgue space to the cone of decreasing functions of the grand Lebesgue space and to prove the boundedness of classical Hardy operators in the grand Lebesgue spaces.
Utility and implications of exome sequencing in early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Trinh Joanne , Lohmann Katja , Baumann Hauke , Balck Alexander , Borsche Max , Brüggemann Norbert , Dure Leon , Dean Marissa , Volkmann Jens , Tunc Sinem , Prasuhn Jannik , Pawlack Heike , Imhoff Sophie , Lill Christina M. , Kasten Meike , Bauer Peter , Rolfs Arndt ,   International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Klein Christine
Published: December 2018

Background

Although the genetic load is high in early‐onset Parkinson's disease, thorough investigation of the genetic diagnostic yield has yet to be established. The objectives of this study were to assess variants in known genes for PD and other movement disorders and to find new candidates in 50 patients with early‐onset PD.

Methods

We searched for variants either within genes listed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Genetic Nomenclature or rare homozygous variants in novel candidate genes. Further, exome data from 1148 European PD patients (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium) were used for association testing.

Results

Seven patients (14%) carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in Parkin, PLA2G6, or GBA. In addition, rare missense variants in DNAJC13:p.R1830C and in PPM1K:p.Y352C were detected. SPG7:p.A510V and PPM1K:p.Y352C revealed significant association with PD risk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although we identified pathogenic variants in 14% of our early‐onset PD patients, the majority remain unexplained, and novel candidates need to be validated independently to better further evaluate their role in PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Study finds internet therapy apps reduce depression symptoms
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2018

A new analysis reveals that online cognitive behavioral therapy reduces symptoms in cases of mild, moderate or severe depression.
Evaluating the impact of an assertiveness communication training programme for Japanese nursing students: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Omura Mieko , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Stone Teresa E.
Published: December 2018

Aim

To examine the impact of an assertiveness communication training programme on Japanese nursing students’ level of assertiveness and intention to speak up when concerned about patient safety.

Design

A quasi‐experimental design with two parallel groups was used.

Methods

Third‐year nursing students from two Japanese educational institutions were allocated to an intervention and control group. The intervention group completed the Theory of Planned Behaviour–Assertive Communication Questionnaire and the Japanese version of the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule after attending assertive communication workshops. The second group completed the surveys before attending the workshop and were referred as the control group. Data were collected in December 2017–January 2018.

Results

A total of 123 out of 150 nursing students completed the surveys. Following the assertiveness communication training programme, a higher percentage of students from the intervention group demonstrated the intention to speak up. The intervention group also displayed higher levels of assertiveness, although the results were not statistically significant.
An examination of children's eating behaviours as mediators of the relationship between parents' feeding practices and early childhood body mass index z‐scores
Authors: Boswell N. , Byrne R. , Davies P. S. W.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Parent's use of restrictive feeding practices is associated with child weight. Similarly, the literature shows that children's eating behaviours are also associated with child weight. Given this interrelationship between children's eating behaviours, restrictive feeding practices and child weight, examination of possible mediator relationships is warranted. This study aimed to examine the relationships between overt restriction and covert restriction with child body mass index z‐scores (BMIz) and determine if children's eating behaviours (satiety responsiveness and food responsiveness) act as mediators.

Method

Parents of Australian children (n = 977) 2.0–5.0 years of age (49.4% male) provided data in an online survey on child eating behaviours, parent's restrictive feeding practices and child anthropometrics (modified z‐scores were created to screen for biologically implausible values). Correlation analysis was used to determine variables to include in mediation models. Hayes' PROCESS macros in spss was used to examine mediation, controlling for covariates of child BMIz.

Results

Overt restriction was the only parent feeding practice related to child BMIz (B = 0.132, P = 0.04). Mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of overt restriction on child BMIz (controlling for child age, gender, parent BMI and income) became non‐significant when controlling for food responsiveness, thus suggesting full mediation, explaining 5.75% of the relation.

Conclusion

Overt restriction and covert restriction have distinctly different relationships with children's eating behaviours. Food responsiveness appears an important intermediary in the relationship between overt restriction and child BMIz.
Integrating a photovoltaic storage system in one device: A critical review
Authors: Vega‐Garita Victor , Ramirez‐Elizondo Laura , Narayan Nishant , Bauer Pavol
Published: December 2018

Due to the variable nature of the photovoltaic generation, energy storage is imperative, and the combination of both in one device is appealing for more efficient and easy‐to‐use devices. Among the myriads of proposed approaches, there are multiple challenges to overcome to make these solutions realistic alternatives to current systems. This paper classifies and identifies previous efforts to achieve integrated photovoltaic storage devices. Moreover, the gaps and future perspectives are analysed to give an overview of the field, paying attention to low‐power devices (<10 W) as well as high‐power devices (>10 W). We focus on devices that combine solar cells with supercapacitors or batteries, providing information about the structure, materials used, and performance. On the one hand, small power devices must concentrate on including power electronics to increase the efficiency of the system as well as ensuring a safe operation; likewise, more attention should be drawn to validate the feasibility of novel concepts by carrying out more realistic and standardised tests, including long‐term testing. On the other hand, high‐power devices must be researched thoroughly to evaluate the impact of high temperatures on energy storage and solar module ageing; furthermore, optimum system sizing is a relevant topic that deserves attention and its relation to modular solutions. This critical literature review serves as a guide to understand the characteristics of the approaches followed to integrate photovoltaic devices and storage in one device, shedding light on the improvements required to develop more robust products for a sustainable future.
The Calotropis procera Transformed Green NiO and Fe‐NiO Nanoparticles for Diaryl Pyrimidinones Synthesis in Hydrotropic Medium at Room Temperature
Authors: Shinde Bipin , Kamble Santosh B. , Jadhav Harsharaj S. , Karale Bhausaheb K. , Kanade Kaluram G. , Burungale Arvind S.
Published: December 2018

We report the synthesis of NiO and Fe doped NiO nanoparticles by simple and cost effective Calotropis procera leaf extract assisted green co‐precipitation method. The leaf extract of Calotropis procera acts as reducing as well as capping agent for the synthesis of NiO and Fe doped NiO. The presence of –OH and aldehydic group (‐CHO) on synthesized nanoparticle imparts their strong interaction with synthesized nanoparticles, conveying efficient catalyst for heterocycle synthesis. The proficient catalytic application of biogenic NiO and Fe doped NiO NPs were explored in aqueous hydrotropic solution for syntheses of diaryl pyrimidinones at room temperature. The synthesized catalysts are efficient in terms of yield, reaction time and reusability. The NiO or Fe doped NiO/NaPTS/27°C is efficient, highly sustainable catalytic system for heterocycle synthesis at room temperature. Accordingly, Fe doped NiO/NaPTS proved to be a better catalytic system than NiO/NaPTS in water.
Bismuth Ferrite Second Harmonic Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Macrophage Tracking
Authors: Ramos‐Gomes Fernanda , Möbius Wiebke , Bonacina Luigi , Alves Frauke , Markus Marietta Andrea
Published: December 2018

Recently, second harmonic generation (SHG) nanomaterials have been generated that are efficiently employed in the classical (NIR) and extended (NIR‐II) near infrared windows using a multiphoton microscope. The aim was to test bismuth ferrite harmonic nanoparticles (BFO‐HNPs) for their ability to monitor pulmonary macrophages in mice. BFO‐loaded MH‐S macrophages are given intratracheally to healthy mice or BFO‐HNPs are intranasally instilled in mice with allergic airway inflammation and lung sections of up to 100 μM are prepared. Using a two‐photon‐laser scanning microscope, it is shown that bright BFO‐HNPs signals are detected from superficially localized cells as well as from deep within the lung tissue. BFO‐HNPs are identified with an excellent signal‐to‐noise ratio and virtually no background signal. The SHG from the nanocrystals can be distinguished from the endogenous collagen–derived SHG around the blood vessels and bronchial structures. BFO‐HNPs are primarily taken up by M2 alveolar macrophages in vivo. This SHG imaging approach provides novel information about the interaction of macrophages with cells and the extracellular matrix in lung disease as it is capable of visualizing and tracking NP‐loaded cells at high resolution in thick tissues with minimal background fluorescence.
Do Air Quality Alerts Affect Household Migration?
Authors: Kim Bongkyun
Published: December 2018

This article examines the effect of air quality information on immigration and emigration of households in California counties by measuring the change in the number of air quality alert days. Based on panel data for 2000–2014, I find evidence suggesting that more frequent air quality alerts reduce the rate of population growth in a county by decreasing immigration of households. This is driven by “Unhealthy” air alerts, which signals weaker air quality than “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” The negative impacts on immigration are larger for high household income counties and are strongest when there is a sharp increase in the number of air quality alerts.
Study of shear behavior of grouted vertical joints between precast concrete wall panels under direct shear loading
Authors: Biswal Aparup , Prasad Anumolu Meher , Sengupta Amlan Kumar
Published: December 2018

A precast wall‐type building is constructed by stacking wall panels and slabs. This paper presents a study of the in‐plane shear behavior of vertical grouted joints between precast panels. Thirteen jointed wall panel specimens were tested under direct shear. Based on the results, analytical expressions were developed to predict the shear load versus slip behavior. These can be used in computational models of precast wall type buildings, through modeling of shear springs between the panels. To demonstrate the application, a numerical analysis of an isolated jointed shear wall was performed. The wall was modeled for three cases, (a) monolithic wall, (b) two walls with a gap and (c) two walls with shear links. Based on non‐linear pushover analysis, it was demonstrated that the modeling of jointed walls using shear links reduces the conservatism inherent in a model neglecting the shear transfer across the joint.
Advantaging Synergy Photocatalysis with Graphene‐Related Carbon as a Counterpart Player of Titania
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Ming , Hirotsu Takahiro , Wu Haoyi , Kanoh Hirofumi
Published: December 2018

The enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be made either by promoting absorption efficiency of photon energy or by reducing recombination losses of photogenerated charge carriers, for which fabrication of nanocomposite structure with carbon materials is an optional selection. Among various nanocarbons, graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are more favorable as the counterpart materials because they can provide availability of both obverse and reverse surface, thus doubling effective sites for adsorption, loading of nanoparticles, and interfacial interaction with the loaded nanoparticles. Composition of G/GO with titania, therefore, is a hopeful strategy for achieving synergy or cooperative effect in photocatalysis. In this personal account, we focus on the background and methodology of several soft chemical approaches that we have utilized up to date to fabricate nanocomposites of G/GO and titania, aiming to shed light on the importance of designing of nanocomposite structure for enhancing photocatalysis. In addition, we emphasize the role of interfacial interaction between carbon and titania by exemplifying a hybridized photocatalyst based on inexpensive biomass‐derived carbon sphere (CS), and demonstrate that it is a crucial influential factor underlying an enhanced visible light photocatalysis. CS can be a better selection as a counterpart component than G/GO, whose core‐shell composing structure with titania (TiO2@CS) can efficiently induce charge transfer so as to achieve a much higher photocatalytic performance under visible light illumination as compared to the composite of rGO and titania.
Natural Products and Chemical Biology Tools: Alternatives to Target Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancers
Authors: Lascano Santiago , Lopez Marie , Arimondo Paola B.
Published: December 2018

DNA methylation and histone acetylation are widely studied epigenetic modifications. They are involved in numerous pathologies such as cancer, neurological disease, inflammation, obesity, etc. Since the discovery of the epigenome, numerous compounds have been developed to reverse DNA methylation and histone acetylation aberrant profile in diseases. Among them several were inspired by Nature and have a great interest as therapeutic molecules. In the quest of finding new ways to target epigenetic mechanisms, the use of chemical tools is a powerful strategy to better understand epigenetic mechanisms in biological systems. In this review we will present natural products reported as DNMT or HDAC inhibitors for anticancer treatments. We will then discuss the use of chemical tools that have been used in order to explore the epigenome.
Performance and wake comparison of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines under varying surface roughness conditions
Authors: Mendoza Victor , Chaudhari Ashvinkumar , Goude Anders
Published: December 2018

A numerical study of both a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with similar size and power rating is presented. These large scale turbines have been tested when operating stand‐alone at their optimal tip speed ratio (TSR) within a neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The impact of three different surface roughness lengths on the turbine performance is studied for the both turbines. The turbines performance, the response to the variation in the surface roughness of terrain, and the most relevant phenomena involved on the resulting wake were investigated. The main goal was to evaluate the differences and similarities of these two different types of turbine when they operate under the same atmospheric flow conditions. An actuator line model (ALM) was used together with the large eddy simulation (LES) approach for predicting wake effects, and it was implemented using the open‐source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) library OpenFOAM to solve the governing equations and to compute the resulting flow fields. This model was first validated using wind tunnel measurements of power coefficients and wake of interacting HAWTs, and then employed to study the wake structure of both full scale turbines. A preliminary study test comparing the forces on a VAWT blades against measurements was also investigated. These obtained results showed a better performance and shorter wake (faster recovery) for an HAWT compared with a VAWT for the same atmospheric conditions.
Two‐dimensional quantitative imaging of multicomponent samples using polychromatic X‐rays
Authors: Eyou Aileen , Pham Bao Thanh , Kirk Tony , Arhatari Benedicta D. , Tran Chanh Quoc
Published: December 2018

We present the theoretical formalism and an experimental demonstration of a technique for two‐dimensional quantitative imaging of two‐component samples using polychromatic X‐rays. The technique takes into account the full spectral information of the incident polychromatic beam to quantify the total X‐ray attenuation, due to each component presented in the sample, as functions of both energy and thickness. As a result, this technique is able to effectively ameliorate the effects of beam hardening. Here, we demonstrate the application of this technique to a two‐component sample. The technique makes it possible for laboratory‐based polychromatic X‐ray sources to be used for critical quantitative purposes.
Bioinspired Trispyrazolylborato Nickel(II) Flavonolate Complexes and Their Reactivity Toward Dioxygen
Authors: Hoof Santina , Limberg Christian
Published: December 2018

Aiming at structural and functional mimics of the active site of the NiII containing quercetin‐2,4‐dioxygenase NiII flavonolate complexes Tp*NiX [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5‐dimethyl)pyrazolylborate, X = 3‐hydroxy flavonolate (Fla), 3‐hydroxy thioflavonolate (SFla), 3‐hydroxy selenoflavonolate (SeFla)] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray crystallography. The complex Tp*NiFla reacts with O2 via dioxygenation of bound flavonolate to benzoic acid and salicylic acid as one should expect for a functional model of the enzyme. Modification of the carbonyl function of the flavonolate to the corresponding C=S and C=Se compounds retained dioxygenase like reactivity, but did not lead to an increase of reaction rate as had been anticipated due to a weaker interaction of S/Se with the central nickel atom.
Modification of isoprene synthesis to enable production of curcurbitadienol synthesis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Qiao Jing , Luo Zuliang , Cui Shengrong , Zhao Huan , Tang Qi , Mo Changming , Ma Xiaojun , Ding Zimian
Published: December 2018

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids such as mogrosides and cucurbitacins that are present in the plants of Cucurbitaceae are widely used in Asian traditional medicine. Cucurbitadienol is the skeleton of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids. As an alternative production strategy, we developed baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a microbial host for the eventual transformation of cucurbitadienol. The synthetic pathway of cucurbitadienol was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing the cucurbitadienol synthase gene from different plants, resulting in 7.80 mg cucurbitadienol from 1 L of fermentation broth. Improving supplies of isoprenoid precursors was then investigated for increasing cucurbitadienol production. Cucurbitadienol production increased to 21.47 mg/L through the overexpression of a global regulatory factor (UPC2) gene of triterpenoid synthase. In addition, knockout of the ERG7 gene increased cucurbitadienol production from 21.47 to 61.80 mg/L. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was performed, and 63.00 mg/L cucurbitadienol was produced. This work is an important step towards the total biosynthesis of valuable cucurbitane-type triterpenoids and demonstrates the potential for developing a sustainable and secure yeast biomanufacturing platform for triterpenoids.
Interdisciplinary Mitigation of Opioid Misuse in Musculoskeletal Patients
Authors: Saigal Ammar N. , Jones Henderson M.
Published: December 2018

Background

The opioid prescribing patterns of orthopedic surgeons have been shown to play a role in exacerbating rates of opioid misuse among post-surgical patients. Demonstrable success has been appreciated by combining policy-level approaches and clinical education–based strategies to inform patients of alternative modalities of post-operative analgesia.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this review was to address two questions: What are the most substantiated measures orthopedic surgeons can take to limit opioid misuse or addiction among their patients? What advantages are gained in orthopedic surgeons’ collaborating with other healthcare professionals with influence over patients’ post-operative opioid exposure?

Methods

We searched two databases for articles on multidisciplinary policy–based solutions to mitigating the opioid overdose crisis among musculoskeletal patients. Articles produced from the search were searched for further evidence supporting the use of standardized clinical and administrative protocols in mitigating opioid misuse within this patient population. Successful approaches to mitigating misuse of opioids in this demographic were synthesized from recurring themes in the studies.

Results

Multiple articles support orthopedic surgeons being aware of the risk factors for chronic opioid use among their patients, as well as multidisciplinary strategies involving orthopedic surgeons and other healthcare/governmental professionals to address the burden of the opioid crisis on surgical patients.

Conclusions

Addressing the misuse of opioids among orthopedic patients requires appropriate prescribing practices and long-term support of patients. Collaboration between surgeons and policymaking entities is recognized as an effective population-wide approach to preventing opioid dependence, misuse, and addiction.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in “The Anthropocene”
Authors: Hey Ellen
Published: December 2018

This essay considers the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) at a time at which humans are dramatically changing the planet, prompting scientists to suggest that we are living in a new geological epoch: “the Anthropocene.” The Anthropocene, even if an essentially contested concept, prompts reconsideration of our interhuman socioeconomic relations and our understanding of the human-nature interface, both of which come with significant challenges. This essay suggests that the UDHR offers the space for engaging with these challenges, if we adopt an Anthropocene-relevant reading of its provisions. This essay also argues that such a reading of the UDHR, on its own, is unlikely to lead to the adoption of an Anthropocene-relevant reading of other international instruments, international economic instruments in particular. It points to enhanced regime interaction as a way to address this issue.
Shear thinning in non-Brownian suspensions explained by variable friction between particles
Authors: Lobry Laurent , Lemaire Elisabeth , Blanc Frédéric , Gallier Stany , Peters François
Published: December 2018

We propose to explain shear-thinning behaviour observed in most concentrated non-Brownian suspensions by variable friction between particles. Considering the low magnitude of the forces experienced by the particles of suspensions under shear flow, it is first argued that rough particles come into solid contact through one or a few asperities. In such a few-asperity elastic–plastic contact, the friction coefficient is expected not to be constant but to decrease with increasing normal load. Simulations based on the force coupling method and including such a load-dependent friction coefficient are performed for various particle volume fractions. The results of the numerical simulations are compared to viscosity measurements carried out on suspensions of polystyrene particles ($40~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$in diameter) dispersed in a Newtonian silicon oil. The agreement is shown to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the comparison between the simulations conducted either with a constant or a load-dependent friction coefficient provides a model for the shear-thinning viscosity. In this model the effective friction coefficient$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}^{eff}$is specified by the effective normal contact force which is simply proportional to the bulk shear stress. As the shear stress increases,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}^{eff}$decreases and the jamming volume fraction increases, leading to the reduction of the viscosity. Finally, using this model, we show that it is possible to evaluate the microscopic friction coefficient for each applied shear stress from the rheometric measurements.
The External Interface for Extending WASP
Authors: DODARO CARMINE , RICCA FRANCESCO
Published: December 2018

Answer set programming (ASP) is a successful declarative formalism for knowledge representation and reasoning. The evaluation of ASP programs is nowadays based on the conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) backtracking search algorithm. Recent work suggested that the performance of CDCL-based implementations can be considerably improved on specific benchmarks by extending their solving capabilities with custom heuristics and propagators. However, embedding such algorithms into existing systems requires expert knowledge of the internals of ASP implementations. The development of effective solver extensions can be made easier by providing suitable programming interfaces. In this paper, we present the interface for extending the CDCL-based ASP solver wasp. The interface is both general, that is, it can be used for providing either new branching heuristics or propagators, and external, that is, the implementation of new algorithms requires no internal modifications of wasp. Moreover, we review the applications of the interface witnessing it can be successfully used to extend wasp for solving effectively hard instances of both real-world and synthetic problems.
Patency rates, safety and clinical results of the sinus-Obliquus venous stent in the treatment of chronic ilio-femoral venous outflow obstruction – data from the Arnsberg venous registry
Authors: Lichtenberg Michael , de Graaf Rick , Stahlhoff Wilhelm F. , Özkapi Ahmet , Simon Maria , Breuckmann Frank
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Background: We sought to determine the patency and clinical symptom relief following the usage of the sinus-Obliquus venous stent in the endovascular treatment of venous obstruction of the ilio-femoral track in short-term. Patients and methods: 48 patients (62 % female, mean age 57 years) with chronic unilateral post-thrombotic obstruction (PTO) and non-thrombotic iliac vein obstructive lesions (NIVL) without involvement of inferior vena cava receiving a sinus-Obliquus venous stent was included in the analysis. Clinical improvement determined by the revised venous clinical severity score (rVCSS) as well as the clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic score (CEAP), safety, and stent patency rates were determined at baseline and at 1, 6 and 12 months after stent placement. Ten of the 48 included patients had a venous ulceration. Results: Primary patency rates were 98 % at FU1, 94 % at FU2 and 94 % at FU3, respectively. Secondary patency was 100 % at FU1, 96 % at FU2 and remained 96 % at FU3. At 12 months, the mean rVCSS dropped from 9.0 to 4.8 points (p < 0.001) whereas the mean CEAP improved from 3.45 to 2.96 (p < 0.001). A substantial healing of ulcerations was observed in 8 of 10 patients with initial venous ulceration. There were no relevant safety concerns noticed. Conclusions: Even though long-term studies are missing, the sinus-Obliquus venous stent already showed very promising patency rates at short term, associated with substantial clinical improvement and low device-related complications in both NIVL and PTS.
Intended, Unintended, and Unknown Consequences of Contact
Authors: Bagci Sabahat C. , Turnuklu Abbas
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We investigated the role of positive and negative contact on outgroup attitudes, collective action tendencies, and psychological well-being among minority (Kurds) and majority (Turks) group members in a conflict area ( N = 527), testing ingroup identification, relative deprivation, and perceived discrimination as potential mediators in these associations. Contrary to recent research studies demonstrating the superiority of negative contact effects, positive contact was generally a stronger determinant of the dependent variables, directly and indirectly, in both groups, although negative contact also had some direct and indirect associations with the outcomes. Findings highlight the need to incorporate the role of positive and negative contact to provide a full understanding of the potential benefits/costs of the contact strategy in conflict settings.
No Evidence That Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal	Warmth
Authors: Chabris Christopher F. , Heck Patrick R. , Mandart Jaclyn , Benjamin Daniel J. , Simons Daniel J.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Williams and Bargh (2008) reported that holding a hot cup of coffee caused participants to judge a person’s personality as warmer and that holding a therapeutic heat pad caused participants to choose rewards for other people rather than for themselves. These experiments featured large effects ( r = .28 and .31), small sample sizes (41 and 53 participants), and barely statistically significant results. We attempted to replicate both experiments in field settings with more than triple the sample sizes (128 and 177) and double-blind procedures, but found near-zero effects ( r = −.03 and .02). In both cases, Bayesian analyses suggest there is substantially more evidence for the null hypothesis of no effect than for the original physical warmth priming hypothesis.
The Sexual Double Standard in the Real World
Authors: Marks Michael J. , Young Tara M. , Zaikman Yuliana
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The sexual double standard (SDS) has traditionally been studied by examining evaluations of hypothetical targets. Although much knowledge has been gained regarding the SDS by using this methodology, the literature thus far has suffered from a lack of ecological validity. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the SDS emerged in evaluations of participants’ real-life friends and acquaintances. Participants ( n = 4,455) evaluated a single, randomly assigned male or female friend or acquaintance whose sexual history they were familiar with. Women were evaluated more negatively as their number of sexual partners increased, whereas number of partners was not related to evaluations of men. The SDS was not moderated by the closeness of the relationship between the participant and the target person.
AGU Announces Locations for the 2022 and 2024 Fall Meetings
Authors: Davidson Eric , McEntee Chris
Published: December 2018

Full slate of Fall Meeting locations through 2026 is set.
Earthquake/Tsunami‐Linked Imprints in the Equatorial F Region Zonal Plasma Drifts and Spatial Structures of Plasma Bubbles
Authors: Gurram P. , Kakad B. , Ravi Kumar M. , Bhattacharyya A.
Published: December 2018

We report preseismic and postseismic distinct features observed in equatorial ionospheric F region in Indian longitude during two major earthquakes that occurred on 28 March 2005 (Mw=8.6) and 26 December 2004 (Mw=9.1) with epicenters near Sumatra, Indonesia. We used spaced receiver scintillation observations on a 251‐MHz signal transmitted from a geostationary satellite and recorded at dip equatorial station Tirunelveli, which is ≈2,200 km away from the epicenter of these earthquakes. On 28 March 2005, we noticed significant enhancement (≈88.5 m/s) in F region zonal plasma drift as compared to their seasonal quiet time drifts, 20 min prior to the start of earthquake. This implies the presence of additional vertically downward electric field of approximately 3 mV/m, which is linked with the earthquake mechanism. It is unusual because so far we have not encountered such feature on either magnetically quiet or disturbed days. Spatial scales associated with equatorial spread F irregularities generated in the postsunset hours on this earthquake day are considerably smaller. It suggests that the earthquake‐linked electric field influenced the structuring and evolution of equatorial spread F irregularities on this earthquake day. Another earthquake that occurred on 26 December 2004 triggered a tsunami. We noticed that the earthquake‐ and tsunami‐linked effects in the F region plasma drifts are distinctly observed even 18.5 hr after the earthquake.
Meter‐Scale Experiments on Magma‐Water Interaction
Authors: Sonder Ingo , Harp Andrew G. , Graettinger Alison H. , Moitra Pranabendu , Valentine Greg A. , Büttner Ralf , Zimanowski Bernd
Published: December 2018

Interaction of magma with groundwater or surface water can lead to explosive phreatomagmatic eruptions. Questions of this process center on effects of system geometry and length and time scales, and these necessitate experiments at larger scale than previously conducted in order to investigate the thermohydraulic escalation behavior of rapid heat transfer. Previous experimental work either realized melt‐water interaction at similar meter scales, using a thermite‐based magma analog in a confining vessel, or on smaller scale using ≃0.4 kg remelted volcanic rock in an open crucible, with controlled premix and a ≃5 J kinetic energy trigger event. The new setup uses 55 kg melt for interaction, and the timing and location of the magma‐water premix can be controlled on a scale up to 1 m. A trigger mechanism is a falling hammer that drives a plunger into the melt (≃28 J kinetic energy). Results show intense interaction (
) at relatively low magma/water mass ratio. A video analysis quantifies rate and amount of melt ejection and compares results with those using the same melt in the smaller scale setup. Experiments show that on the meter scale intense interaction can start spontaneously without an external trigger if the melt column above the initial mixing location is larger than 0.3 m. Experiments suggest that buoyant rise of water domains in a melt column could promote explosive interaction. We assess interaction scenarios between introduced water domains and a magma column, some of which could result in eruptions of Strombolian style, promoting brecciation and incorporation of wall rock debris into a magma column.
Surface Temperatures and Water Ice Sublimation Rate of Oxo Crater: A Comparison With Juling Crater
Authors: Formisano M. , Federico C. , Magni G. , Raponi A. , De Sanctis M.C. , Frigeri A.
Published: December 2018

Dwarf planet Ceres is characterized by several sites hosting (or have hosted) ice‐rich patches as revealed by the Dawn's Visible and InfraRed spectrometer. The study of the illumination conditions including the effects of the local topography become critical in the estimation of the ice lifetime as well as the water vapor production rate. In this work we applied a 3‐D thermophysical model in order to study the illumination conditions on the shape model, derived on the basis of the images acquired by the Dawn's Framing Camera during the Survey mission phase, and to calculate the surface temperatures and water sublimation rates. We are interested in a crater in the northern hemisphere (42°), Oxo, which hosts water ice in its southern wall. A comparison with the surface temperatures and water sublimation rates of another Ceres' crater, Juling, is carried out. Water ice sublimation rate of its ice‐rich patch suggests that the Oxo crater probably is not the source of the emission detected by Herschel, a source that could be represented instead by the Juling crater.