Investigation of steady-state tokamak issues by long pulse experiments on Tore Supra
Authors: Giruzzi G. , Abgrall R. , Allegretti L. , Ané J.M. , Angelino P. , Aniel T. , Argouarch A. , Artaud J.F. , Balme S. , Basiuk V. , Bayetti P. , Bécoulet A. , Bécoulet M. , Begrambekov L. , Benkadda M.S. , Benoit F. , Berger-by G. , Bertrand B. , Beyer P. , Blum J. , Boilson D. , Bottollier-Curtet H. , Bouchand C. , Bouquey F. , Bourdelle C. , Brémond F. , Brémond S. , Brosset C. , Bucalossi J. , Buravand Y. , Cara P. , Carpentier S. , Casati A. , Chaibi O. , Chantant M. , Chappuis P. , Chatelier M. , Chevet G. , Ciazynski D. , Ciraolo G. , Clairet F. , Clary J. , Colas L. , Corre Y. , Courtois X. , Crouseilles N. , Darmet G. , Davi M. , Daviot R. , De Esch H. , Decker J. , Decool P. , Delchambre E. , Delmas E. , Delpech L. , Desgranges C. , Devynck P. , Doceul L. , Dolgetta N. , Douai D. , Dougnac H. , Duchateau J.L. , Dumont R. , Dunand G. , Durocher A. , Ekedahl A. , Elbeze D. , Eriksson L.G. , Escarguel A. , Escourbiac F. , Faisse F. , Falchetto G. , Farge M. , Farjon J.L. , Fedorczak N. , Fenzi-Bonizec C. , Garbet X. , Garcia J. , Gardarein J.L. , Gargiulo L. , Garibaldi P. , Gauthier E. , Géraud A. , Gerbaud T. , Geynet M. , Ghendrih P. , Gil C. , Goniche M. , Grandgirard V. , Grisolia C. , Gros G. , Grosman A. , Guigon R. , Guilhem D. , Guillerminet B. , Guirlet R. , Gunn J. , Hacquin S. , Hatchressian J.C. , Hennequin P. , Henry D. , Hernandez C. , Hertout P. , Heuraux S. , Hillairet J. , Hoang G.T. , Hong S.H. , Honore C. , Hourtoule J. , Houry M. , Hutter T. , Huynh P. , Huysmans G. , Imbeaux F. , Joffrin E. , Johner J. , Journeaux J.Y. , Jullien F. , Kazarian F. , Kočan M. , Lacroix B. , Lamaison V. , Lasalle J. , Latu G. , Lausenaz Y. , Laviron C. , Le Niliot C. , Lennholm M. , Leroux F. , Linez F. , Lipa M. , Litaudon X. , Loarer T. , Lott F. , Lotte P. , Luciani J.F. , Lütjens H. , Macor A. , Madeleine S. , Magaud P. , Maget P. , Magne R. , Manenc L. , Marandet Y. , Marbach G. , Maréchal J.L. , Martin C. , Martin V. , Martinez A. , Martins J.P. , Masset R. , Mazon D. , Meunier L. , Meyer O. , Million L. , Missirlian M. , Mitteau R. , Mollard P. , Moncada V. , Monier-Garbet P. , Moreau D. , Moreau P. , Nannini M. , Nardon E. , Nehme H. , Nguyen C. , Nicollet S. , Ottaviani M. , Pacella D. , Pamela S. , Parisot T. , Parrat H. , Pastor P. , Pecquet A.L. , Pégourié B. , Petrzilka V. , Peysson Y. , Portafaix C. , Prou M. , Ravenel N. , Reichle R. , Reux C. , Reynaud P. , Richou M. , Rigollet F. , Rimini F. , Roche H. , Rosanvallon S. , Roth J. , Roubin P. , Sabot R. , Saint-Laurent F. , Salasca S. , Salmon T. , Samaille F. , Santagiustina A. , Saoutic B. , Sarazin Y. , Schlosser J. , Schneider K. , Schneider M. , Schwander F. , Ségui J.L. , Signoret J. , Simonin A. , Song S. , Sonnendruker E. , Spuig P. , Svensson L. , Tamain P. , Tena M. , Theis J.M. , Thonnat M. , Torre A. , Travère J.M. , Trier E. , Tsitrone E. , Turco F. , Vallet J.C. , Vatry A. , Vermare L. , Villecroze F. , Villegas D. , Voyer D. , Vulliez K. , Xiao W. , Yu D. , Zani L. , Zou X.L. , Zwingmann W. 
Published: September 2009

The main results of the Tore Supra experimental programme in the years 2007–2008 are reported. They document significant progress achieved in the domain of steady-state tokamak research, as well as in more general issues relevant for ITER and for fusion physics research. Three areas are covered: ITER relevant technology developments and tests in a real machine environment, tokamak operational issues for high power and long pulses, and fusion plasma physics. Results presented in this paper include test and validation of a new, load-resilient concept of ion cycotron resonance heating antenna and of an inspection robot operated under ultra-high vacuum and high temperature conditions; an extensive experimental campaign (5 h of plasma) aiming at deuterium inventory and carbon migration studies; real-time control of sawteeth by electron cyclotron current drive in the presence of fast ion tails; ECRH-assisted plasma start-up studies; dimensionless scalings of transport and turbulence; transport experiments using active perturbation methods; resistive and fast-particle driven MHD studies. The potential role of Tore Supra in the worldwide fusion programme before the start of ITER operation is also discussed.