bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 1-(hetero)aryl-2,2,2-trichloroethanols using chloral hydrate and (hetero)arylboroxines
Authors: Shimizu Minori , Okuda Yuta , Toyoda Koki , Akiyama Ryo , Shinozaki Hiraku , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: May 2021

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-coordinated cyclometallated palladium complex (CYP) catalyzed (hetero)aryl addition of chloral hydrate using (hetero)arylboroxines, providing a new approach to 1-(hetero)aryl-2,2,2-trichloroethanols.
Silylative aromatization of p-quinone methides under metal and solvent free conditions
Authors: Li Tingting , Wu Yuzhu , Duan Wenzeng , Ma Yudao
Published: May 2021

A novel and efficient synthetic protocol is reported for the synthesis of benzyl silanes from readily available silylborane and p-quinone methides using 5% cesium carbonate under solvent-free conditions.
An ecologically friendly process for graphene exfoliation based on the “hydrodynamic cavitation on a chip” concept
Authors: Jafarpour Mohammad , Aghdam Araz Sheibani , Gevari Moein Talebian , Koşar Ali , Bayazıt Mustafa Kemal , Ghorbani Morteza
Published: May 2021

LPE of graphene with a hydrodynamic cavitation microreactor is a totally green process which involves only natural graphite flakes and water.
Long-range light-modulated charge transport across the molecular heterostructure doped protein biopolymers
Authors: Mondal Somen , Ghorai Nandan , Bhunia Soumyadip , Ghosh Hirendra. N. , Amdursky Nadav
Published: May 2021

This work reports on a chimeric protein matrix with C-Dot–hemin heterostructures as cofactors. We show how the protein environment facilitates an ultrafast charge separation, resulting in long-range electron conduction across the protein matrix.
Triarylamine-based porous coordination polymers performing both hydrogen atom transfer and photoredox catalysis for regioselective α-amino C(sp3)–H arylation
Authors: Li Hanning , Yang Yang , Jing Xu , He Cheng , Duan Chunying
Published: May 2021

The efficiency of photosensitization and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis is balanced in a recyclable heterogeneous manner by the modification of the N-central conformation in Cd-MIX.
Cyclic monoterpenes trapped in a polyaromatic capsule: unusual selectivity, isomerization, and volatility suppression
Authors: Sumida Ryuki , Tanaka Yuya , Niki Keita , Sei Yoshihisa , Toyota Shinji , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: May 2021

A polyaromatic capsule demonstrated its unique host functions toward cyclic monoterpenes, i.e., selective binding in water, pair-selective encapsulation, unusual isomerization, selective binding in the solid state, and remarkable volatility suppression.
Temperature-responsive morphology formation of a PS-b-PI copolymer: a dissipative particle dynamics simulation study
Authors: Chiangraeng Natthiti , Keyen Ukrit , Yoshida Norio , Nimmanpipug Piyarat
Published: May 2021

Self-assembly responsiveness to stimuli of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-b-PI) diblock copolymer materials is explored by means of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations.
Confinement of Au3+-rich clusters by using Silicalite-1 for selective solvent-free oxidation of toluene
Authors: Huang He , Ye Wanyue , Song Caicheng , Liu Yingcen , Zhang Xiaotong , Shan Yu , Ge Yuzhen , Zhang Shufen , Lu Rongwen
Published: May 2021

Synergistic catalysis of Au0 and Au3+ dual active sites confined in Silicalite-1 for selective solvent-free oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde with molecular oxygen.
Current data processing strategies for cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging
Authors: Pyle Euan , Zanetti Giulia
Published: May 2021

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) volumes, or tomograms, from a series of tilted two-dimensional images of biological objects in their near-native states in situ or in vitro. 3D subvolumes, or subtomograms, containing particles of interest can be extracted from tomograms, aligned, and averaged in a process called subtomogram averaging (STA). STA overcomes the low signal to noise ratio within the individual subtomograms to generate structures of the particle(s) of interest. In recent years, cryo-ET with STA has increasingly been capable of reaching subnanometer resolution due to improvements in microscope hardware and data processing strategies. There has also been an increase in the number and quality of software packages available to process cryo-ET data with STA. In this review, we describe and assess the data processing strategies available for cryo-ET data and highlight the recent software developments which have enabled the extraction of high-resolution information from cryo-ET datasets.
The insulin receptor family and protein kinase B (Akt) are activated in the heart by alkaline pH and α1-adrenergic receptors
Authors: Meijles Daniel N. , Fuller Stephen J. , Cull Joshua J. , Alharbi Hajed O. , Cooper Susanna T.E. , Sugden Peter H. , Clerk Angela
Published: May 2021

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor stimulate protein synthesis and cardioprotection in the heart, acting through their receptors (INSRs, IGF1Rs) and signalling via protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). Protein synthesis is increased in hearts perfused at alkaline pHo to the same extent as with insulin. Moreover, α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) agonists (e.g. phenylephrine) increase protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes, activating PKB/Akt. In both cases, the mechanisms are not understood. Our aim was to determine if insulin receptor-related receptors (INSRRs, activated in kidney by alkaline pH) may account for the effects of alkaline pHo on cardiac protein synthesis, and establish if α1-ARs signal through the insulin receptor family. Alkaline pHo activated PKB/Akt signalling to the same degree as insulin in perfused adult male rat hearts. INSRRs were expressed in rat hearts and, by immunoblotting for phosphorylation (activation) of INSRRs/INSRs/IGF1Rs, we established that INSRRs, together with INSRs/IGF1Rs, are activated by alkaline pHo. The INSRR/INSR/IGF1R kinase inhibitor, linsitinib, prevented PKB/Akt activation by alkaline pHo, indicating that INSRRs/INSRs/IGF1Rs are required. Activation of PKB/Akt in cardiomyocytes by α1-AR agonists was also inhibited by linsitinib. Furthermore, linsitinib inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by α1-ARs in cultured cells, reduced the initial cardiac adaptation (24 h) to phenylephrine in vivo (assessed by echocardiography) and increased cardiac fibrosis over 4 days. We conclude that INSRRs are expressed in the heart and, together with INSRs/IGF1Rs, the insulin receptor family provide a potent system for promoting protein synthesis and cardioprotection. Moreover, this system is required for adaptive hypertrophy induced by α1-ARs.
Traditional Chinese medicine Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Fang attenuates glycolysis and immune escape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: results based on network pharmacology
Authors: Zheng Jinzhou , Xu Wenhao , Liu Wangrui , Tang Haijia , Lu Jingen , Yu Kui , Song Xiaoyun , Li Feng , Wang Yu , Wang Rui , Chen Lili , Zhang Hailiang , Qiu Yunhua , Wei Gaomeng , Zhou Xiqiu , Yang Jianfeng
Published: May 2021

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common malignant type of kidney cancer. The present study aims to explore the underlying mechanism and potential targets of the traditional Chinese medicine Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi-Fang (BSJPF) in the treatment of ccRCC based on network pharmacology. After obtaining the complete composition information for BSJPF from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, we analyzed its chemical composition and molecular targets and then established a pharmacological interaction network. Twenty-four significantly differentially expressed genes and nine pathways mainly related to tumor proliferation were identified and screened. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the potential targets might be significantly involved in glycolysis and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. To further confirm the effect of BSJPF on ccRCC cell proliferation, a BALB/c xenograft mouse model was constructed. Potential targets involved in regulating glycolysis and the tumor immune microenvironment were evaluated using RT-qPCR. VEGF-A expression levels were markedly decreased, and heparin binding-EGF expression was increased in the BSJPF group. BSJPF also inhibited tumor proliferation by enhancing GLUT1- and LDHA-related glycolysis and the expression of the immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1 and CTLA-4, thereby altering the immune-rejection status of the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the mechanism of BSJPF involves multiple targets and signaling pathways related to tumorigenesis and glycolysis metabolism in ccRCC. Our research provides a novel theoretical basis for the treatment of tumors with traditional Chinese medicine and new strategies for immunotherapy in ccRCC patients.
Links between the unfolded protein response and the DNA damage response in hypoxia: a systematic review
Authors: Bolland Hannah , Ma Tiffany S. , Ramlee Syafiq , Ramadan Kristijan , Hammond Ester M.
Published: May 2021

Hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumours and predicts for poor prognosis. In radiobiological hypoxia (<0.1% O2) cells become up to three times more resistant to radiation. The biological response to radiobiological hypoxia is one of few physiologically relevant stresses that activates both the unfolded protein and DNA damage responses (UPR and DDR). Links between these pathways have been identified in studies carried out in normoxia. Based in part on these previous studies and recent work from our laboratory, we hypothesised that the biological response to hypoxia likely includes overlap between the DDR and UPR. While inhibition of the DDR is a recognised strategy for improving radiation response, the possibility of achieving this through targeting the UPR has not been realised. We carried out a systematic review to identify links between the DDR and UPR, in human cell lines exposed to <2% O2. Following PRISMA guidance, literature from January 2010 to October 2020 were retrieved via Ovid MEDLINE and evaluated. A total of 202 studies were included. LAMP3, ULK1, TRIB3, CHOP, NOXA, NORAD, SIAH1/2, DYRK2, HIPK2, CREB, NUPR1, JMJD2B, NRF2, GSK-3B, GADD45a, GADD45b, STAU1, C-SRC, HK2, CAV1, CypB, CLU, IGFBP-3 and SP1 were highlighted as potential links between the hypoxic DDR and UPR. Overall, we identified very few studies which demonstrate a molecular link between the DDR and UPR in hypoxia, however, it is clear that many of the molecules highlighted warrant further investigation under radiobiological hypoxia as these may include novel therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy response.
The dust-gas AGN torus as constrained from X-ray and mid-infrared observations
Authors: Esparza-Arredondo D. , Gonzalez-Martín O. , Dultzin D. , Masegosa J. , Ramos-Almeida C. , García-Bernete I. , Fritz J. , Osorio-Clavijo N.
Published: May 2021

Context. In recent decades, several multiwavelength studies have been dedicated to exploring the properties of the obscuring material in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Various models have been developed to describe the structure and distribution of this material and constrain its physical and geometrical parameters through spectral fitting techniques. However, questions around the way in which torus mid-infrared (mid-IR) and X-ray emission are related remain unanswered.

Aims. In this work, we aim to study whether the dust continuum at mid-IR and gas reflection at X-rays have the same distribution in a sample of AGN.

Methods. We carefully selected a sample of 36 nearby AGN with NuSTAR and Spitzer spectra available that satisfy the following criteria: (1) the AGN component dominates the mid-IR spectra (i.e., the stellar and interstellar medium components contribute less than 50% to the spectrum), and (2) the reflection component contributes significantly to the X-ray spectrum. Furthermore, we discarded the sources whose reflection component could be produced by ionized material in the disk. We derived the properties of the nuclear dust and gas through a spectral fitting, using models developed for mid-IR and X-ray wavelengths assuming smooth and clumpy distributions for this structure.

Results. We find that a combination of smooth and clumpy distributions of gas and dust, respectively, is preferred for ∼80% of sources with good spectral fits according to the Akaike criterion. However, considering extra information about each individual source, such as the absorption variability, we find that ∼50% of our sources are best described by a clumpy distribution of both dust and gas. The remaining ∼50% of our sources can still be explained with a smooth distribution of gas and a clumpy distribution of dust. Furthermore, we explored the torus dust-to-gas ratio, finding that it is [0.01–1] times that of the interstellar medium.

Conclusions. The results presented in this paper suggest that the distribution of the gas and dust in AGN is complex. We find at least six scenarios to explain the observed properties of our sample. In these scenarios, three gas–dust distribution combinations are possible: clumpy–clumpy, smooth–smooth, and smooth–clumpy. Most of them are in agreement with the notion that gas could also be located in the dust-free region, which is consistent with the dust-to-gas ratio found.
Interferometric monitoring of gamma-ray bright AGNs: Measuring the magnetic field strength of 4C +29.45
Authors: Kang S. , Lee S.-S. , Hodgson J. , Algaba J.-C. , Lee J. W. , Kim J.-Y. , Park J. , Kino M. , Kim D. , Trippe S.
Published: May 2021

Aims. We present the results of multi-epoch, multifrequency monitoring of blazar 4C +29.45, which was regularly monitored as part of the Interferometric Monitoring of GAmma-ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei (iMOGABA) program – a key science program of the Korean Very long baseline interferometry Network (KVN).

Methods. Observations were conducted simultaneously at 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz over the 4 years from 5 December 2012 to 28 December 2016. We also used additional data from the 15 GHz Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) monitoring program.

Results. From the 15 GHz light curve, we estimated the variability timescales of the source during several radio flux enhancements. We found that the source experienced six radio flux enhancements with variability timescales of 9–187 days during the observing period, yielding corresponding variability Doppler factors of 9–27. From the simultaneous multifrequency KVN observations, we were able to obtain accurate radio spectra of the source and hence to more precisely measure the turnover frequencies νr, of synchrotron self-absorption (SSA) emission with a mean value of νr̅ = 28.9 GHz. Using jet geometry assumptions, we estimated the size of the emitting region at the turnover frequency. We found that the equipartition magnetic field strength is up to two orders of magnitude higher than the SSA magnetic field strength (0.001–0.1 G). This is consistent with the source being particle dominated. We performed a careful analysis of the systematic errors related to the making of these estimations.

Conclusions. From the results, we concluded that the equipartition region is located upstream from the SSA region.
Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Różańska Agata , Bagińska Patrycja , Markowitz Alex , De Marco Barbara
Published: May 2021

Context. We performed timing and spectral analyses of multi-epoch Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Circinus ULX5 with the aim of putting constraints on the mass of the central object and the accretion mode operating in this source.

Aims. We investigate whether the source contains a stellar mass black hole (BH) with a super-Eddington accretion flow or an intermediate mass black hole accreting matter in a sub-Eddington mode. Moreover, we search for major observed changes in spectra and timing and determine whether they are associated with major structural changes in the disk, similarly to those in black hole X-ray binaries.

Methods. We collected all available broadband data from 2001 to 2018 including Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. We a performed timing and spectral analyses to study the relation between luminosity and inner disk temperature. We proceeded with time-averaged spectral analysis using phenomenological models of different accretion modes. Finally, we constructed the hardness ratio versus intensity diagram to reveal spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5.

Results. Our spectral analysis revealed at least three distinctive spectral states of Circinus ULX5 that are analagous to state transitions in Galactic black hole X-ray binaries. Disk-dominated spectra are found in high flux states and the power-law dominated spectra are found in lower flux states. The source was also observed in an intermediate state, where the flux was low, but the spectrum is dominated by a disk component. Over eighteen years of collected data, ULX5 appeared two times in the high, three times in the low, and two times in the intermediate state. The fastest observed transition was ∼seven months.

Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that the central object in Circinus ULX5 is a stellar mass BH (< 10 M⊙) or, possibly, a neutron star (NS) despite there being no detection of pulsations in the light curves. The fractional variability amplitudes are consistent with state transitions in Circinus ULX5, wherein higher variability from the power law-like Comptonized emission becomes suppressed in the thermal disk-dominated state.
Sharpening quasar absorption lines with ESPRESSO
Authors: Noterdaeme P. , Balashev S. , Ledoux C. , Duchoquet G. , López S. , Telikova K. , Boissé P. , Krogager J.-K. , De Cia A. , Bergeron J.
Published: May 2021

Aims. We aim to study several key physical properties of quasar absorption-line systems that are subtly encoded in their absorption profiles and have not yet been thoroughly investigated or constrained.

Methods. We analysed a high-resolution (R = 140 000) spectrum of the bright quasar HE 0001−2340 (zem = 2.26) obtained with ESPRESSO, which was recently installed at the Very Large Telescope. We analysed three systems at z = 0.45, z = 1.65, and z = 2.19 using multiple-component Voigt-profile fitting. We also compared our spectrum with those obtained with VLT/UVES, covering a total period of 17 years.

Results. We disentangle turbulent and thermal broadening in many components spread over about 400 km s−1 in the z ≈ 2.19 sub-damped Lyman-α system. We derive an average temperature of 16 000 ± 1300 K, which is about twice the canonical value of the warm neutral medium in the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM). A comparison with other high-z, low-metallicity absorbers reveals an anti-correlation between gas temperature and total H I column density. Although requiring confirmation, this could be the first observational evidence of a thermal decrease with galactocentric distance; in other words, we may be witnessing a thermal transition between the circumgalactic medium and the cooler ISM. We revisit the Mg isotopic ratios at z = 0.45 and z = 1.65 and constrain them to be ξ = (26Mg + 25Mg)/24Mg < 0.6 and < 1.4 in these two systems, respectively. These values are consistent with the standard solar ratio; that is, we do not confirm strong enhancement of heavy isotopes previously inferred from UVES data. Finally, we confirm the partial coverage of the quasar emission-line region by a Fe I-bearing cloud in the z = 0.45 system and present evidence for velocity substructure of the gas that has Doppler parameters of the order of only ∼0.3 km s−1. This agrees well with the low kinetic temperature of T ∼ 100 K inferred from modelling of the gas physical conditions.

Conslusions. This work demonstrates the unique insight provided by high-fidelity, high-resolution optical spectrographs on large telescopes when used to investigate the thermal state of the gas in and around galaxies as well as its spatial and velocity structure on small scales, and to constrain the associated stellar nucleosynthetic history.
Relative toxicity of two natural compounds compared to abamectin against some soybean pests under period rates
Authors: Alakhdar Hala Hussien , Ghareeb Zeinab Elsayed
Published: May 2021

A sustainable pest management in agro-ecosystems requires parallel assessments of pesticide and natural compounds to control target pests. In the present study, a semi-field experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative toxicity of abamectin (Abamax), humic acid, and Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) against four soybean pests:Tetranychus urticae,Eutetranychusorientalis,Bemisia tabaci, andPhenacoccus solenopsis. The experimental treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replicates, where treatments were assigned to main plots and pest populations under different periods in the subplots. The obtained results and graphs demonstrated that there were considerable differences between the total numbers of pests after different periods of treatment. Generally,E. orientalisrecorded the minimum pest number at all. Different tested compounds demonstrated a considerable correlation between the densities of the pests.T. urticaeexhibited a significant correlation with the other three pests (E. orientalis,B. tabaci, andP. solenopsis).E. orientalisdid not correlate withB. tabaciandP. solenopsis. The humic acid recorded the best effect onT. urticaeafter 3 days with a reduction of 85.45% andE. orientalisafter 7 days 65.55%. However, Chitosan Nano-Particles (C.N.Ps) was the best forE. orientalisafter 14 days (mortality 74.36%). In contrast, abamectin (Abamax) had a general mean of reduction of 91.17% againstT. urticae, whenever, these compounds are promising for controllingT. urticae,E. orientalis,B. tabaci, andP. solenopsis. These results may be a supporting method to overcome some soybean pests. The findings are discussed within the context of integrated management of soybean pests under semi-field conditions.
Economic complexity and inclusion of regional economies
Authors: Afanasiev Mikhail , Kudrov Aleksander
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a probabilistic interpretation of the elements of the matrix, which is used to assess the economic complexity in accordance with the traditional approach. Their properties are given, on the basis of which aggregate indicators are introduced that characterize the nesting of the structures of strong sectors of regional economies. It is shown that aggregate nesting indicators are statistically significant explanatory variables for economic complexity. It is proved that the used procedure for calculating the economic complexity is correct in the sense of the existence and uniqueness of the solution. It is shown that the data that are used to assess the economic complexity in accordance with the author’s approach allow to reflect the formation of value chains and groups of related sectors focused on both the external and internal markets. For this economic complexity, calculated on regional data, its high values correspond to large values of the aggregated nesting indicators. Low values of economic complexity correspond to low values of nesting indicators.
Application of digital tools to enhance tax administration processes
Authors: Ripol-Saragosi Lyudmila , Gomeleva Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

The article discusses approaches to organizing the process of tax administration, reveals the problems and prospects of tax administration through the use of digital tools. The theoretical aspects of tax administration are investigated, the subject and subjects of tax administration are described, the functions and conditions for the implementation of administration processes are revealed. The main problems of tax administration that directly affect tax production are outlined, including: difficult integration of digital tools into the Russian tax space, synchronous interaction of tax administrations on the transfer of necessary data, and others. The main platforms and automated systems used in the practice of tax administration are characterized. Examples of use and statistics of the positive dynamics of tax collection after the introduction of digital resources are given. The ways of overcoming the existing problems, the solution of which will increase the efficiency of tax administration, thereby reduce arrears, increase the collection of tax payments and, as a consequence, increase the revenue side of the state budget.
Methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the activities of customs authorities
Authors: Barausova Elena , Lebedinskaya Yuliya , Nigay Evgeniya
Published: May 2021

In conditions of limited time, which is dictated by the modern rhythm of life, digital technologies are becoming one of the main tools for optimization and rationalization of all spheres of human activity. The use of modern digital technologies in the customs system is primarily aimed at increasing the efficiency of its activities. Properties such as quality, speed, transparency, generated with the help of information customs technologies, create prerequisites for stimulating Russia’s foreign economic activity and developing the national economy. However, at present, the Federal Customs Service has a number of problems that impede the development of digitalization of customs activities, due to external and internal factors, as well as contradictions in some of the tasks facing the customs authorities. Therefore, the task of analyzing the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the activities of customs authorities becomes urgent.

The authors of the article proposed a methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the activities of customs authorities, which is based on assessing the quality of electronic customs services.
The Russian Federation as a subject of defamatory civil law relations during the formation of the digital economy
Authors: Telnov Alexey
Published: May 2021

The subject of the study of this article is public relations associated with the dissemination of untrue, defamatory information (defamation) with respect to the Russian state, concerning various spheres of its activities, as well as the relevant norms of Russian civil law, the norms of international law governing non-material goods, personal non-property rights of the Russian Federation, as an independent participant of civil legal relations, the provisions of the legal doctrine and judicial practice concerning the relevant objects of civil rights (reputation, business reputation).
Experimental legal regimes for digital innovation and a special regulation mechanism: new concepts of russian legislation and first projects
Authors: Mamina Oksana , Kobzeva Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

The paper examines the new concepts of Russian legislation introduced into the mechanism of legal regulation with the entry into force of the Federal Law “On Experimental Legal Regimes in the field of Digital Innovations in the Russian Federation” and analyzes the first projects approved as part of its implementation. Thus, one of the actively implemented types of regulatory technologies, as shown in the article, is the “regulatory sandboxes”. The establishment of an experimental legal regime within the framework of the functioning of “regulatory sandboxes” means the application to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs of a special, different from the generally established legal regulation (special regulation and general regulation – in the definitions of the law under study). The article analyzes the prerequisites and possible results of the implementation of a flexible system of legal regulation aimed at stimulating the development of technologies and preventing possible negative consequences associated, inter alia, with the use of artificial intelligence. When writing the work, of general scientific methods were used (such as: dialectical, systematic, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, observation) and special private scientific methods of cognition (in particular, formal legal). In the course of using this methodology, the authors described in detail the distinctive characteristics and predictively outlined the features of a flexible system of legal regulation aimed at stimulating the development of technologies, as well as drew conclusions about the possibilities arising from the use of the mechanism of “regulatory sandboxes” in modern Russia.
The entrepreneurship ecosystem: stability and dynamism of social norms in digital transformation
Authors: Shkalenko Anna , Konstantinov Alexander
Published: May 2021

It was concluded that the need to define the essence of social norms is secondary to the development of the concept of such norms in assessing the stability and dynamism of social norms in the legal and economic doctrine of the business ecosystem. The study of the influence of social norms on the sphere of regulation of economic entities’ activity, especially under conditions of technological modernization, suggests that the current Russian economic reality exists in a state of so-called “anomie”. It was found that the polyvalent processing of economic transactions in the entrepreneurial ecosystem can work effectively and efficiently at the organizational level but not at the market level. Accordingly, the economic organization as a form and process of relations is the point of reference for the theoretical architecture of relational economics. In this respect, the governance structure must adapt flexibly to social norms and cope with different but interacting polycontextual decision-making logics.
Implementation of the digital agenda by international commercial arbitrations
Authors: Kupchina Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

It is almost impossible to astonish anyone in the era of global digitalization and the Internet of Things. Modern digital technologies and artificial intelligence have become an integral part of everyday life. Neural networks analyze information and photographs that we post on the Internet, and artificial intelligence programs have learned to reproduce and create intellectual property objects independently. Undoubtedly, this situation contributes to an increase in cross-border disputes, and arbitration procedures are becoming more attractive for participants. The development of the information and communication environment significantly impacts the means and methods used by arbitrators and parties in arbitration. Online arbitration, video conferencing, electronic databases, systems for analyzing court and arbitration practice, and templates and document designers are used daily. Due to the wide distribution and diversity of digital tools, this area, like nothing else, needs effective regulation. In this regard, the author of this article concludes on the possibility of conducting an analysis on the implementation of the digital agenda by international commercial arbitration tribunals, identifying the main trends in the development of the arbitration procedure, and improving the legislation in this area.
Application of digital technologies in the training of lawyers for the business sector
Authors: Enkova Ekaterina , Ershova Inna , Trofimova Elena
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of digital resources in the university’s educational process to train business lawyers in demand in the digital society, including in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. The method of analysis and sociological method were used as the main ones. The main result of the study is that the fruitful impact of digital technologies used in the educational process on the formation of key competencies of the digital economy in lawyers for business is proved. Conclusions. Using online technologies in educational activities directly depends on the level of digital literacy of university teachers. With the help of sociological research, students’ preferences concerning the digital technologies used during distance learning were revealed. The role of information and communication technologies in the process of formation of the individual educational trajectory of undergraduates, in particular, building a personal development trajectory for people with disabilities.
Using the iSpring Suite computer platform in distance learning
Authors: Kirillov Yuri
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the experience of using the iSpring Suite 9 computer platform as an information tool for conducting distance classes with second-year students in the training for “Business Informatics”. Self-isolation requirements in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic have required the development and use of innovative remote learning methods. The need to conduct practical classes on solving technical problems with mandatory time control and prompt receipt of the results of the solution by the teacher determined the requirements for the choice of a computer program as a tool for providing distance work in the field of education. As a result, the choice was made in favor of the corporate training platform iSpring. According to the results of the spring semester, the experience of working with iSpring Suite 9 in creating electronic tests and conducting practical exercises in distance mode was recognized as successful and will be used in the future to conduct classes with students of the distance department of Novosibirsk State Technical University.
Problems of digitalization of the educational process in the system of secondary vocational education
Authors: Khitrova Elena
Published: May 2021

Modern requirements for the training of specialists in the system of secondary vocational education involve the active use of digital technologies. A future college graduate must have the appropriate competencies that will allow him to be competitive in the labor market, be able to adapt to the requirements of the profession, and navigate the flow of changing information. The article shows the need to take into account the features of the system of secondary vocational education, these features are considered. Identified the risks associated with digitalization and their impact on the quality of education in the secondary vocational education system.
Schulterschmerzen: Diagnostik- und Behandlungsansätze mit Fokus auf Tendinopathien der Rotatorenmanschette
Authors: Cummings Mike
Published: May 2021

Schulterschmerzen sind ein verbreitetes Phänomen mit unterschiedlichen Ursachen. Manche Schmerzsyndrome sprechen gut auf Akupunkturtechniken an, andere weniger. In manchen Fällen ist es unerlässlich, zusätzlich zur Akupunkturbehandlung rehabilitative Maßnahmen anzuwenden, um die Erfolgschancen zu verbessern und eine Chronifizierung zu vermeiden. Daher ist es wichtig, die Gesamtsituation gründlich abzuklären, um primäre myofasziale Schmerzen, insbesondere von Tendinopathien der Rotatorenmanschette und einer adhäsiven Kapsulitis, zu unterscheiden.
Persistierende Ohrgeräusche – ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Hoffmann Marisa , Bredewout Daan
Published: May 2021

Seit 6 Jahren leidet der Patient an einem Tinnitus. Auslöser könnte eine Aufbissschiene gewesen sein. In der Untersuchung offenbaren sich Faktoren, die das Geräusch modulieren und dadurch wertvolle Hinweise für die Therapie geben. Der Tinnitus kann zwar durch Physiotherapie beeinflusst werden, die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Zahnarzt entpuppt sich aber als unerlässlich für ein umfassendes Management.
Was belastet Ihre Mitarbeiter? – Psychische Gefährdungsbeurteilung
Authors: von Eisenhart Rothe Anna
Published: May 2021

Überstunden, fehlende Mittagspausen, Unterbezahlung, Einschränkungen bei der Urlaubsplanung – all das kann Ihre Mitarbeiter psychisch schwer belasten. Zu den Pflichten von Praxisinhabern gehört es, diese Belastungen zu erkennen, zu beurteilen und zu beseitigen, damit Ihre Mitarbeiter gesund bleiben.
Emotional belastender Beruf – Sekundäre Traumatisierung
Authors: Brünen Andreas
Published: May 2021

Physiotherapeuten sind oft belastenden Situationen ausgesetzt. Etwa mit Patienten, die schwere Schicksalsschläge ereilt haben. Der Psychologe Andreas Brünen beschreibt, wie Behandelnde und Institutionen damit umgehen können.
Comparison of Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Posterolateral Fusion Techniques in the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Ziroglu Nezih , Duramaz Altug , Bayrak Alkan
Published: May 2021

Background This study aimed to compare posterolateral fusion with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLF + TLIF) and PLF only in terms of revision surgery rates and complications, as well as functional and radiological outcomes in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients.

Methods Seventy-one patients (37 patients in the PLF + TLIF group and 34 patients in the PLF only group) who underwent surgery due to LSS between January 2013 and December 2016 were retrospectively investigated. Functional evaluation was performed by using the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scales pre-and postoperatively. Radiological evaluation was made by examining adjacent vertebrae, posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) morphology, and sagittal balance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results Postoperative MPQ, RMDQ, and ODI scores were significantly better in the PLF + TLIF group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The complication rate was significantly higher in the PLF only group (p = 0.026). In the PLF + TLIF group, postoperative functional scores showed significant improvement in terms of the instrumented segment and level of interbody fusion. Postoperative functional scores showed significant improvement in PLF + TLIF patients with no complications, no revision surgery, no postoperative MRI findings, and neutral sagittal balance compared to the preoperative functional scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusion PLF + TLIF is significantly superior in terms of functional scores and complications, despite the statistical similarity in terms of postoperative MRI findings and sagittal balance between the groups. Surgeons should prefer PLF + TLIF for the surgical treatment of LSS for better results.
“Tuberculosis”: A Surprise Guest in Carcinoma of Pinna
Authors: Aroor Rajeshwary , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Koikkara Remya , Abdulrahim Razna , Rajendra Vinay Kumar J. , Laxminarayana Kishan Prasad H.
Published: May 2021

Tuberculosis is a common health care problem worldwide, though the incidence has come down in recent years due to various health care programs targeting tuberculosis and improved living conditions. Cervical lymph nodes are among the common sites for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. They usually present with painless enlargement of cervical lymph nodes with or without constitutional symptoms. Tuberculosis rarely coexists with malignancy in the geographical area where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high. The disease needs to be treated with antituberculosis treatment as per standard guidelines and the primary treatment of malignancy. We report a case of an adult male presented with a lesion on the pinna, which was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna on biopsy; he was later found to have coexistent tuberculosis after undergoing surgery for carcinoma.
Posterior Cloacal Variant with Clitorolabial Transposition and a Rectoperineal Fistula
Authors: Maistry Niveshni , Brisighelli Giulia , Westgarth-Taylor Chris
Published: May 2021

We present a case and discuss the management of a posterior cloacal variant not as yet described in the literature. A 5-week-old infant presented to our institution with a posterior cloacal variant and transposition of the clitoris and labia. After initial radiological investigations, staged operative intervention was performed over a 1-year period. This included an initial laparotomy (with drainage of hydrocolpos and formation of a colostomy), a left ureteric reimplantation and a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty due to a rectoperineal fistula. The child is under continued long-term follow-up by our specialist pediatric surgical team.
Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Gastric Varices using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate: Technical Considerations and Results from a Single Institution Retrospective Study
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Tiwari Sarbesh , Bhargava Narendra , Yadav Taruna , Sureka Binit , Ghosh Tushar , Babu Santhosh , Dadhich Sunil , Singh Surjit
Published: May 2021

Introduction Retrograde transvenous obliteration (RTO) with the assistance of a balloon (BRTO) or a vascular plug (PARTO) is an established method for treating gastric varices (GVs) secondary to portal hypertension. Most of the available studies on RTO have used lipiodol along with sclerosing agents like ethanolamine oleate or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of RTO for treating GVs using STS as a sclerosant without lipiodol.

Materials and Methods Sixteen patients (nine men, age range 16–74 years) were included in this retrospective study. Twelve patients presented with acute bleeding, two with chronic bleeding, one with large varices without bleeding, and one with refractory hepatic encephalopathy (HE). BRTO was attempted in 14 patients and PARTO in 2 patients. The technical and clinical success and complications of RTO were studied.

Results The RTO procedure was technically successful in 14 (14/16, 87.5%) patients, with 13 (13/14, 93%) obtaining clinical success. One patient died due to the early recurrence of bleeding. Three patients had minor intraprocedural complications.

Conclusion Retrograde gastric variceal obliteration using STS is safe and technically feasible with high technical and clinical success and low complication rate.
Flow-Directed Catheters in Hepatic Embolization Therapy—A Review with Clinical Cases
Authors: Iqbal Shams , Breyfogle Lawrence Jordan , Flacke Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Transarterial embolization with chemotherapy and radiation is well-documented forms of treatment for liver cancers but reflux of embolic particles to nontarget tissues can result in unintended consequences such as gastrointestinal ulceration. Traditionally, operators have used coil embolization of hepatoenteric collaterals to prevent reflux. Antireflux microcatheters that contain expandable baskets (Surefire) or inflatable balloons have recently been developed as tools to avoid these side effects. We describe cases where antireflux catheters were used instead of coil embolization. Using antireflux catheters, we eliminated particle reflux into nontarget vessels. We also review the literature on antireflux catheters involved in preventing reflux during chemo- and radioembolization.
A new solid-state LC-Marx generator based on saturable pulse transformer
Authors: Chu Xu , Liu Jinliang , Wang Langning , Xun Tao , Cheng Xinbing , Yang Hanwu
Published: May 2021

The saturable pulse transformer (SPT) and six stage LC-Marx generator are proposed in this solid-state system. In the experiments, the output voltage of 14.5 kV and the rise time of 720 ns are achieved when the isolation inductance is 35 µH and the primary capacitor is charged to 350 V. The output voltage is 4.1 times larger than the charging voltage on the single capacitor. For larger output voltage and shorter rise time, isolation inductance is changed with the high-voltage silicon stack, which is a kind of rectifier diode consisting of several diodes enclosed in the resin with larger inverse voltage. In the same experiment condition, the output voltage is increased to 17.5 kV, which is 5.0 times larger than the voltage on the charging capacitor. The rise time gets down to 500 ns. The results show that the high-voltage silicon stack can further enhance the working performance of the SPT LC-Marx generator on the output voltage and rise time. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the working performance of the SPT LC-Marx generator at a repetitive frequency. The results show that the output voltage reaches 12 kV, which proves that the generator can work stably at 1 Hz.
Controlling magnetostructural transition and magnetocaloric effect in multi-component transition-metal-based materials
Authors: Biswas Anis , Zarkevich N. A. , Mudryk Y. , Pathak Arjun K. , Smirnov A. V. , Balema V. P. , Johnson Duane D. , Pecharsky V. K.
Published: May 2021

Proper coupling between structural and magnetic transitions is critical for the emergence and control of magnetocaloric effects in solids. We examine the influence of minor substitutional doping (replacing Mn by Cr and Al by Sn) and interstitial doping with B on the magnetic, structural, and magnetocaloric properties of recently discovered Mn0.5Fe0.5NiSi0.94Al0.06 alloy exhibiting a giant magnetocaloric effect near room temperature. We demonstrate that magnetocaloric properties of the base compound can be controlled and, in some cases, improved by chemical substitutions. First-principles computations elucidate how small changes in the composition affect properties in this family of compounds and, thus, provide useful guidance for the selection of suitable doping elements for such materials. The magnetic-field-induced entropy change measured for Mn0.5Fe0.5NiSi0.94Al0.06B0.005 is −22 J/kg K near room temperature for the applied magnetic field of 2 T, and it is among the highest known values for this class of materials.
Impact of areal-density asymmetries on the loss of confinement and ignition threshold in inertial confinement fusion capsules
Authors: Woo K. M. , Betti R.
Published: May 2021

In inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments, variations in the shell areal density reduce the shell's inertia to confine the core pressure. Distorted capsules with large areal-density modulations decompress faster than uniform capsules in the disassembly phase. A simple 3D analytic hot-spot model is derived to include the effects of low-mode areal-density modulations in the ignition criterion. The generalized 3D ignition criterion for low modes is shown to depend on both the harmonic mean and the arithmetic mean of the areal density. The “thin spots” in the shell are shown to dominate the loss of confinement as reflected by the harmonic mean definition of areal densities.
Reproducibility of cavity-enhanced chemical reaction rates in the vibrational strong coupling regime
Authors: Imperatore Mario V. , Asbury John B. , Giebink Noel C.
Published: May 2021

One of the most exciting and debated aspects of polariton chemistry is the possibility that chemical reactions can be catalyzed by vibrational strong coupling (VSC) with confined optical modes in the absence of external illumination. Here, we report an attempt to reproduce the enhanced rate of cyanate ion hydrolysis reported by Hiura et al. [chemRxiv:7234721 (2019)] when the collective OH stretching vibrations of water (which is both the solvent and a reactant) are strongly coupled to a Fabry–Pérot cavity mode. Using a piezo-tunable microcavity, we reproduce the reported vacuum Rabi splitting but fail to observe any change in the reaction rate as the cavity thickness is tuned in and out of the strong coupling regime during a given experiment. These findings suggest that there are subtleties involved in successfully realizing VSC-catalyzed reaction kinetics and therefore motivate a broader effort within the community to validate the claims of polariton chemistry in the dark.