bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparação de duas técnicas radiográficas para avaliar o nível da crista óssea alveolar de pacientes com doença periodontal
Authors: Daniel Rebesco  , Carmen Mueller Storrer  , Andrea Maria Sousa  , Tertuliano Ricardo Lopes  , Tatiana Miranda Deliberador  , Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
Published: September 2022

Introdução e objetivo: Por meio de radiografias panorâmica e periapical teve-se o propósito de quantificar e comparar o nível da perda óssea alveolar de cinco pacientes que apresentavam periodontite. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas as medidas da junção esmalte-cemento (JEC) até a crista óssea alveolar (COA) nas superfícies mesial e distal dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, primeiros pré-molares inferiores e primeiros molares inferiores. Submeteram-se os dados à análise estatística Anova e ao teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quando comparados os valores da média da perda óssea alveolar entre a radiografia panorâmica e a periapical, verificou-se que a panorâmica se apresentava 0,93 mm maior que a média dos valores da radiografia periapical, uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,01). A distorção ocorreu no grupo dos dentes molares. Os incisivos inferiores e superiores tiveram as menores distorções. Não houve diferença estatística expressiva entre as medidas efetuadas nas superfícies mesial e distal. Conclusão: O exame periapical pode ser considerado o melhor método radiográfico para avaliar o nível da perda óssea alveolar e, por conseguinte, ajudar no diagnóstico da doença periodontal. Contudo a radiografia panorâmica ainda é um método válido para analisar o nível de perda óssea causada pela doença periodontal, desde que o cirurgião-dentista esteja familiarizado com as limitações e características dessa técnica. Caso ele tenha dúvida, deve complementar o exame com radiografias periapicais.
Hydrogen ion and calcium releasing of MTA Fillapex® and MTA-based formulations
Authors: Milton Carlos Kuga  , Edson Alves de Campos  , Paloma Hernandez Viscardi  , Paula Zapparoli Carrilho  , Fernanda Castilho Xaviér  , Nayara Pereira Silvestre
Published: September 2022

Introduction: MTA is composed of various metal oxides, calcium oxide and bismuth. It has good biological properties and is indicated in cases of endodontic complications. Several commercial formulations are available and further studies are necessary to evaluate these materials. Objective: To evaluate pH and calcium releasing of MTA Fillapex® compared with gray and white MTA. Material and methods: Gray and white MTA (Angelus) and MTA Fillapex® (Angelus) were manipulated and placed into polyethylene tubes and immersed in distilled water. The pH of these solutions was measured at 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days. Simultaneously, at these same aforementioned periods, these materials’ calcium releasing was quantified, through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were submitted to ANOVA, with level of significance at 5%. Results: Concerning to pH, the materials present similar behaviors among each other at 24 hours (p > 0.05). At 7 and 14 days, MTA Fillapex® provided significantly lower pH values than the other materials (p < 0.05). Regarding to calcium releasing, at 24 hours and 7 days, MTA Fillapex® provided lower releasing than the other materials (p < 0.05). After 14 days, differences were found between MTA Fillapex® and gray MTA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: All materials showed alkaline pH and calcium releasing, with significantly lower values for MTA Fillapex® sealer.
Identification of a charred corpse through dental records
Authors: Isamara Geandra Cavalcanti Caputo  , Jair Naves dos Reis  , Teresa Cristina Pantozzi Silveira  , Marco Aurélio Guimarães  , Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Forensic Dentistry is an area of Dentistry related to Law. Among its goals is the execution of human identification, defined as the process of determining the person’s identity. The forensic dentist uses, in this process, ante-mortem records and data for comparison with post-mortem information obtained from the examination of the body. Objective: To describe the process of identification of a charred corpse by using dental records. Case report: The human material remained from a charred corpse was sent to an anthropological and dental analysis for identification purposes. This employed the analysis of the corpse examination and odontological records. Conclusion: The identification of the victim in this case points out to the need of an interdisciplinary work between Forensic Medicine and Dentistry in situations which other routine identification processes cannot be applied, highlighting the importance of the Forensic dentist for the final solution of the case.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: September 2022

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Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at a regional hospital in Goiania, Brazil, between 2008 and 2010
Authors: Cláudio Maranhão Pereira  , Mauro Silva Filho  , Danilo Santos Carneiro  , Renan Correia Arcanjo  , Leonardo Araújo de Andrade  , Michelle Gomes Benício de Araújo
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: Facial lesions assume an outstanding role in the attendance of polytraumatized patients in hospital emergency services. The aim of this study was to conduct and epidemiologic study of patients attended at the Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service of a regional hospital in Goiania/GO, Brazil, between 2008 and 2010. Material and methods: 521 files of patients, who had suffered maxillofacial traumatisms that resulted in a total of 615 fractures, were evaluated. The files were used to analyze gender, age, etiologic agents and distribution of fractured bones. Results: About 80% of patients were male, whereas 20% of the affected individuals were women. The most frequently etiologic factor found in the two groups was automobile accidents, followed by physical aggressions and falls. Concerning to fractured bones, the zygomatic complex, followed by fractures of the mandible, the nasal bones themselves, condyle and Le Fort type fractures were the most prevalent ones, in both groups. Conclusion: Knowledge of the incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures is of great importance to the professionals involved in the treatment of these patients. Within this context, Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology is increasingly being affirmed as one of the most important specialties at the emergency centers of regional hospitals concerning to the treatment of patients who are victims of traumatisms.
Clinical evaluation of 4% hydrogen peroxide bleaching in mandibular teeth
Authors: Lais Dalmagro Peruchi  , Neimar Sartori  , Guilherme Carpena Lopes  , Andressa Ballarin  , Camila Ambrosi  , Jussara Karina Bernardon
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Bleaching agents have been constantly introduced into market; however, the efficacy of new hydrogen peroxides still needs to be evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effectiveness of 4% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent in color change, bleaching maintenance, tooth sensitivity, and patients’ satisfaction. Material and methods: Forty subjects were selected, lower bleaching trays were constructed, and the patients were instructed to apply 4% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent at home. Shade measurements of the mandibular anterior teeth were carried out with a spectrophotometer and Vita Classical shade guide (VITA) at the following moments: baseline, 14 days, after patients’ satisfaction, and after 90 days. In addition, tooth sensitivity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at the first 14 days. Shade measurements were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment and level of significance set at 5%. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for mandibular tooth shade after at-home bleaching (p < 0.001). After 14 days of bleaching, 90% of the subjects were not pleased with the achieved bleaching; however, after 27 days most of the patients reported to be satisfied. Tooth sensitivity was reported to range from 1.01 in a scale from 0-10. Conclusion: At-home bleaching using 4% hydrogen peroxide is effective in lower teeth with reduced tooth sensitivity.
Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to deep dentin
Authors: Rubens Nazareno Garcia  , Amanda Graziela Zattar Renzetti  , Bernd Rainer Schaible  , Roland Frankenberger  , Ulrich Lohbauer  , Luiz Carlos Machado Miguel
Published: September 2022

Introduction and objective: Self-adhesive resin cements are applied in only one clinical step whose technique is considered less sensitive and of easy handling. However, there is some concern relating to a reliable and effective bonding to tooth structure, particularly when dentin is involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to deep dentin as well as to discuss some concepts involving these materials. Material and methods: Twenty-eight freshly extracted third molars were used. Their crowns were sectioned using a diamond disc (Isomet) to obtain occlusal deep dentin flat surfaces. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7): RelyX ARC/3M ESPE conventional resin cement (Group 1), and three self-adhesive resin cements – RelyX U100/3M ESPE (Group 2), Set/SDI (Group 3) and Maxcem/Kerr (Group 4). The products were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks were used to simulate indirect restorations that were cemented onto the dentin surfaces. These blocks were sandblasted with oxide aluminum before adhesive procedures. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37±2°C for one week. Following, the samples were prepared for microtensile bond strength tests, which were performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until failure. Tensile bond strength data were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The means (SD) (in MPa) were – Group 1: 14.7a(5.7); Group 2: 7.5b (2.3); Group 3: 5.6b (2.1); and Group 4: 4.7b(1.4). ANOVA showed significant differences and Tukey test identified differences among groups. Group 1 showed the highest bond strength mean. Bond strength mean of the other self-adhesive resin cements to dentin did not show statistical difference among them. Conclusion:Self-adhesive resin cements showed lower bond strength to dentin than RelyX ARC conventional resin cement. The highest bond strength mean of RelyX ARC is related to its mechanism of action. However, the mechanism of action involved in self-adhesive resin cements seems to be effective for clinical use if a proper prosthetic dental preparation is observed.
Root resorption after dental traumas: classification and clinical, radiographic and histologic aspects
Authors: Bruno Oliveira de Aguiar Santos  , Diego Santiago de Mendonça  , Denise Lins de Sousa  , José Jeová Siebra Moreira Neto  , Rebeca Bastos Rocha de Araújo
Published: September 2022

Introduction: One of the most common sequelae observed after dental trauma is root resorption. Objective: The aim of this study was to classify and discuss the external root resorption after a dental trauma, based on a literature review. Literature review: A bibliographic search was performed in the following databases: Medline, PubMed, and Lilacs, from 1997 to 2010. The following descriptors were used: Root resorption, Dental trauma and Classification. From a total of 152 articles found, 25 were selected: 24 in English and 1 in Spanish. Classic articles were also used in our study. External root resorption after dental traumas can be divided into superficial, inflammatory and replacement. It can also be verified in primary dentition as physiological and atypical resorptions. Conclusion: Each type of resorption presents clinical features as well as radiographic and histological aspects. Therefore, the dentist should know these characteristics to perform an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, minimizing the sequelae related to this problem. Moreover, in primary dentition, the differential diagnosis between physiological and pathological resorption is important to avoid over-treatment.
MTA versus Portland cement: review of literature
Authors: Naiana Viana Viola  , Mário Tanomaru Filho  , Paulo Sérgio Cerri
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Both Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Portland cement (PC) have been highlighted because of their favorable biological properties, with extensive applications in Endodontics, including the possibility of using into root canal filling. Objective:This article reviews literature related to MTA and PC comparing their physical, chemical and biological properties, as well as their indications. Literature review: Literature reports studies revealing the similarities between these materials’ properties, including both biocompatibility and bone repair induction. Moreover, there is the need for the development of a root canal sealer based on these materials (MTA and PC). Conclusion: MTA and CP show promissory perspective both in Dentistry and Endodontics.
Laterally positioned flap associated with subepithelial connective tissue graft for coverage of isolated gingival recession
Authors: Thiago Marchi Martins  , Alvaro Francisco Bosco  , Guilherme Giovani Gazoni  , Sabrina Feltrin Garcia
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The coverage of denuded roots represents one of the challenges of periodontal treatment. Among the several techniques for this purpose is the laterally positioned flap, which has undergone some modifications since its first reports and is currently combined with other techniques such as subepithelial connective tissue graft. Objective: To report a case of a 41-year-old female patient who presented Miller class I gingival recession at labial surface of tooth #43. Case report: The main symptom of the patient was dentin hypersensitivity. Clinical and radiographic exams were performed and gingival inflammation due to the presence of bacterial plaque was diagnosed as the main cause of root recession. After basic periodontal treatment, surgery for root coverage was performed. Since the area adjacent to the recession showed a good amount of attached gingiva and no interproximal bone loss, the surgical technique of choice was a laterally positioned flap associated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft. Conclusion: Postoperative assessment showed complete root coverage, an increased keratinized gingival band, absence of dentin hypersensitivity, and an excellent esthetic outcome.
Sturge-Weber syndrome: a case report
Authors: Joanna G. da Conceição  , Luiz Felipe G. dos Santos  , Thaís Pimentel de Sá Bahia  , Vanessa de A. S. Silva  , Maria Eliza Barbosa Ramos  , Mônica Israel
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The Sturge-Weber Syndrome, also known as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare vascular neurocutaneous alteration. The main clinical features of this syndrome are facial vascular cutaneous naevus, usually unilateral, which often follows the outline distribution of trigeminal nerve. Objective: To report a clinical case of Sturge-Weber Syndrome in a 29-yeral-old male patient who presented oral manifestations related to the syndrome. Case report and conclusion: The patient reported that he had presented a cutaneous vascular nevus on the face during childhood as well as epileptic crisis episodes. However, he had no ophthalmic alterations. Sturge-Weber syndrome is a systemic condition commonly affecting oral cavity through vascular lesions, therefore, dentists’ knowledge is extremely important to provide an adequate dental treatment without complications.
Pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland: a case report
Authors: Amit Aggarwal  , Ravinder Singh  , Soheyl Sheikh  , Shambulingappa Pallagatti  , Isha Singla
Published: September 2022

World literature suggests salivary gland tumors account for less than 3% of the head and neck tumors and benign pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands arising de novo is very rare. Objective, case report and conclusion: A case of pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands in the buccal mucosa in a 55 year-old female is discussed. It includes review of literature, clinical features, histopathology, radiological findings and treatment of the tumor, with emphasis on diagnosis. The salivary glands may present with a diverse range of lesions presenting a challenge to even the most experienced clinician and pathologist. Resection with surrounding dispensable normal tissues is the key to successful treatment of such tumors.
Misdiagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fabiano de Sant’Ana dos Santos  , Miguel Alfredo Isper  , José Pereira Novo-Neto  , Antonio Carlos Marqueti  , Cintia Piccolo Pereira  , Felipe Gai Isper
Published: September 2022

Lip squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant lesion of aggressive behavior, which must be recognized by health professionals to prevent damage to patient’s health. Objective: To present incisional biopsy importance as an effective clinical approach for the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis malignancy as well as the professional’s lack of knowledge on these two diseases. Case report: The patient was under medical treatment due to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus and because of the actinic cheilitis on lower lip. Because the patient did not observe the labial lesion regression, he searched for the School of Dentistry of the University Center of the Educational Foundation of Barretos, where he underwent biopsy. This procedure confirmed the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was referred for treatment in a specialized cancer center and has been living with the cancer consequences. Conclusion: The physician and dentist must be aware of the main clinical features of lip squamous cell carcinoma so that they can establish its correct diagnosis and early treatment.
Dysregulation of SNHG16(lncRNA)-Hsa-Let-7b-5p(miRNA)-TUBB4A
(mRNA) Pathway Fuels Progression of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Yan Jia , Chen Guanghua
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM) is the most aggressive and complex disease of all skin cancers. The molecular mechanisms of this cancer progression are not well understood.

Methods:

GEPIA online database was used to validate the differentially expressed genes, from two GEO datasets. The prognostic value was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The expression of TUBB4A in SKCM cell line was verified by RT-qPCR, and the immunohistochemistry of TUBB4A in SKCM and normal skin tissues were gained from Human Protein Atlas. Seven target prediction databases predicted potential microRNAs(miRNAs), and upstream long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) were predicted by starBase. The co-expressed gene of TUBB4A was obtained using the two online analysis sites UALCAN and starBase. These co-expressed genes were performed by enrichment analysis and immune infiltration result was obtained by the TIMER2 online database. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of TUBB4A in the SKCM group and normal skin group, and a new nomogram about TUBB4A was constructed to forecast the survival rate of SKCM patients at 1, 3, and 5 years.

Results:

Firstly, we found DLL3 and TUBB4A were significantly higher expressed in skin cutaneous melanoma compared with normal skin. Subsequently, by analyzing progress free interval(PFI), disease-specific survival(DSS), and disease-free survival(DFS), only TUBB4A was the most potent gene for inhibiting shin cutaneous melanoma progression. In gene ontology(GO)/ kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) analysis, TUBB4A may be a key role in the progression of skin cutaneous melanoma by regulating mitochondrial function and affecting cellular metabolism, possibly related to the immune infiltration of CD4+Th1 cells and NK cells. The upstream non-coding RNA(ncRNA) acts through the SNHG16-hsa-let-7b-5p-TUBB4A axis.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, we elucidated the regulatory role of the SNHG16-hsa-let-7b-5p-TUBB4A axis in the progression of skin cutaneous melanoma by modulating mitochondrial function to affect cellular metabolism. TUBB4A may be a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for skin cutaneous melanoma.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Therapy: A New Genetically Engineered
Method of Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Singh Arun Kumar , Singh Amrita , Sundram Sonali , Mishra Sudhanshu
Published: September 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) cell treatment for solid tumours faces significant challenges.
CAR T cells are unable to pass the vascular barrier in tumours due to a lack of endothelial leukocyte
adhesion molecules. The invasion, activity, and durability of CAR T cells may be hampered by
additional immunosuppressive mechanisms present in the solid tumour environment. The use of CAR
T cells to attack cancer vascular endothelial metabolic targets from within the blood may simplify the
fight against cancer. These are the principles that govern our examination of CAR T cell treatment for
tumor cells, with a specific eye toward tumour venous delivery. CAR T cells may also be designed
such that they can be readily, safely, and successfully transferred.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Chronic Pain
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Du Juan , Wu Hongfeng , Wang Mengyao , Liu Sufang , Tao Feng
Published: September 2022

The intestinal homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiome and relevant metabolites is
essential for health, and its disturbance leads to various intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Recent
studies suggest that gut microbiome-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in
different neurological disorders (such as chronic pain). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of
dietary fibers in the gut and contribute to multiple host processes, including gastrointestinal regulation,
cardiovascular modulation, and neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Although SCFAs have been
implicated in the modulation of chronic pain, the detailed mechanisms that underlie such roles of SCFAs
remain to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize currently available research data
regarding SCFAs as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment and discuss several
possible mechanisms by which SCFAs modulate chronic pain.
Effects of β -caryophyllene, A Dietary Cannabinoid, in Animal Models of
Drug Addiction
Authors: Asth Laila , Cruz Leonardo Cardoso , Soyombo Nicholas , Rigo Pedro , Moreira Fabrício A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in Cannabis
and other plants. BCP is currently used as a food additive, although pharmacological studies suggest
its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of certain brain disorders. The mechanisms of
action of BCP remain uncertain, possibly including full agonism at the cannabinoid CB2 receptor
(CB2R).

Objective:

The study aims to investigate BCP’s potential as a new drug for the treatment of substance
use disorders by reviewing preclinical studies with animal models.

Results:

BCP has been investigated in behavioral paradigms, including drug self-administration, conditioned
place preference, and intracranial self-stimulation; the drugs tested were cocaine, nicotine, alcohol,
and methamphetamine. Remarkably, BCP prevented or reversed behavioral changes resulting
from drug exposure. As expected, the mechanism of action entails CB2R activation, although this is
unlikely to constitute the only molecular target to explain such effects. Another potential target is the
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.

Conclusion:

Preclinical studies have reported promising results with BCP in animal models of substance
use disorders. Further research, including studies in humans, are warranted to establish its therapeutic
potential and its mechanisms of action.
Learning from the In Vitro Biological Activity Data of Current Antiviral
Medicines for the Successful Development of New Antiviral Drug
Candidates
Authors: Fontoura Murilo Barboza , Fumagalli Fernando
Published: September 2022

Background:

Although evaluating in vitro biological activity is an important part of the drug
discovery process, few publications discuss the ideal inhibitory activity in these tests.

Objective:

To analyze the in vitro biological activity data from antiviral drugs to establish parameters that
could increase success in developing new antiviral drug candidates.

Methods:

Information from in vitro tests for each antiviral medicine was obtained from the Thomson
Reuters Integrity platform for antiviral drugs approved by FDA between 1963 and 2020 (35 years). The
inhibitory activity data was collected from three references using the same determination method, and the
values were reported as means.

Results:

82 antiviral drugs were found to treat 11 different viruses. Most of these drugs were developed to
treat HIV infections (33 of 82), followed by anti-HCV medicines (20 of 82). The anti-HIV phenotypic
activities of most HIV-approved drugs had an IC50 < 50 nM; for the anti-HCV it was verified as IC50 <
0.2 μM. Combining the data for all drugs analyzed, the antiviral phenotypic activity in most cases exhibited
an IC50 < 0.2 μM.

Conclusions:

The limited availability of antiviral drugs and in vitro activity data imposed limitations on
this study. However, it could be inferred that an antiviral drug candidate would have more success in drug
development when the IC50 was in the range of low micromolar. Ultimately, in vitro activity must be
considered in combination with other factors in drug development processes.
Recommendations for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation to Impro ve
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Related Sarcopenia: A Literature Review
Authors: Defi Irma Ruslina , Profita Jeane Claudia , Arisanti Farida , Charismawati Septiana
Published: September 2022

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is currently the most prevalent auto-immune disorder worldwide. A previous study reported the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with chronic inflammation and found a higher rate of sarcopenia in patients with SLE than in control. A preview study found that exercises management given to SLE patients can reduce fatigue and in-crease vitality

Objective:

The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between sarcopenia and SLE from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) standpoint and its intervention.

Methods:

Using the PubMed computer-aided search engine specific keywords: “sarcopenia” AND “Systemic lupus erythematosus” OR “lupus” OR “SLE” OR “physical medicine and rehabilitation” OR “rehabilitation” OR “physical therapy” OR “exercises” OR “physical activity” OR “training” OR “nutrition” OR “OR “diet.”

Results:

Exercise rehabilitation can increase energy level, cardiovascular fitness, functional status, and physical capabilities of muscle strength and are safe to be performed by patients with SLE. Re-sistance training has been shown to improve muscle strength and size, increase mitochondrial con-tent, and reduce oxidative stress. Resistance exercise impacts sarcopenia through several mecha-nisms in the muscular and neuromotor levels. Aerobic exercises are also beneficial for skeletal mus-cles to increase mitochondrial bioenergy, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce oxidative stresses. Nutritional interventions such as protein, amino acids, essential fatty acids, and vitamin D produce biological effects that will enhance the physiological adaptation of exercise.

Conclusion:

Intervention for maintaining muscle function in the prevention and management of sarcopenia in SLE and its complications is a combination of resistance training and nutritional in-take through adequate protein intake.
A Deep Learning based Solution (Covi-DeteCT) Amidst COVID-19
Authors: Pandey Kavita
Published: September 2022

Background:

The whole world has been severely affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid and large-scale spread has caused immense pressure on the medical sector hence increasing the chances of false detection due to human errors and mishandling of reports. At the time of outbreaks of COVID-19, there is a crucial shortage of test kits as well. Quick diagnostic testing has become one of the main challenges. For the detection of COVID-19, many Artificial Intelligence based methodologies have been proposed, a few had suggested integration of the model on a public usable platform, but none had executed this on a working application as per our knowledge.

Objective:

Keeping the above comprehension in mind, the objective is to provide an easy-to-use platform for COVID-19 identification. This work would be a contribution to the digitization of health facilities. This work is a fusion of deep learning classifiers and medical images to provide a speedy and accurate identification of the COVID-19 virus by analyzing the user's CT scan images of the lungs. It will assist healthcare workers in reducing their workload and decreasing the possibility of false detection.

Methods:

In this work, various models like Resnet50V2 and Resnet101V2, an adjusted rendition of ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network, have been applied for classifying the CT scan images into the categories: normal or COVID-19 positive.

Results:

A detailed analysis of all three models' performances have been done on the SARS-CoV-2 dataset with various metrics like precision, recall, F1-score, ROC curve, etc. It was found that Resnet50V2 achieves an accuracy of 96.79%, whereas Resnet101V2 achieves an accuracy of 97.79%. An accuracy of 98.19% has been obtained by ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network. As ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network is showing better results, thus, it is further incorporated into a working application that takes CT images as input from the user and feeds into the trained model and detects the presence of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:

A mobile application integrated with the deeper variant of ResNet, i.e., ResNet101V2 with FPN checks the presence of COVID-19 in a faster and accurate manner. People can use this application on their smart mobile devices. This automated system would assist healthcare workers as well, which ultimately reduces their workload and decreases the possibility of false detection.
Axillary Meristem Development in Plants
Authors: Zhang Cui , Liu Liya , Guo Siying , Duan Benyao
Published: September 2022

The shoot apical meristem of seed plants gives rise to the above-ground parts of the
plants during development, including leaves, stems, and lateral meristems. Among them, two types
of meristems, axillary meristem and vascular cambium, support the main lateral growth. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory network of lateral growth, focusing on recent progress made
mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato and maize, including the identification of genes and their
roles in controlling lateral meristems. In addition, we will summarize the latest evidence about how
meristem affects yield-related traits, and discuss the strategies for modulating meristem regulatory
genes so as to increase crop yield in agriculture.
CRISPR/Cas9 Tool for MicroRNAs Editing in Cardiac Development,
Function, and Disease
Authors: Saberianpour Shirin , Abkhooie Leila
Published: September 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful gene-editing technology. Extensive scientific data exist that
the CRISPR/Cas9 system can target small, non-coding, active RNA molecules, including microRNAs
(miRNAs). miRNAs have been recognized as key regulators of different cell biological
processes, such as the modulation of fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the regulation of
cardiomyocytes. Also, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs strongly affect organ evolution, and
that the concentration of miRNAs can involve the differentiation, development, and function of different
organs. In addition, the current findings clearly indicate that miRNAs can select and control
their targets based on their concentrations. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology is a stronger
system for stopping miRNAs than previous methods, including antisense inhibitors. CRISPR/Cas9
tools can be used to eliminate small areas of DNA and determine miRNA in cases where similar
groups of miRNAs are in the same strand. Herein, besides other emerging strategies, we critically
summarize the recent investigations linking miRNA-targeted therapeutics and CRISPR/Cas9 system
to clarify and combine different delivery platforms and cell-fate engineering of miRNAs function
and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention in cardiac development, function, and disease. Based on
our findings from the literature, it appears that the use of the CRISPR/Cas technology provides new
perspectives for understanding the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular disease and can be effective
in treating and controlling cardiac development, function, and disease in the future.
Application of Electrospun Nanofiber as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review
Authors: Babaloo Hamideh , Vojoudi Elham
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in electrospinning have transformed the process of fabricating ultrafine nano-fiber scaffolds with side benefits to drug delivery systems and delivery systems in general. The extremely thin quality of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, along with an effective area of high specificity and a stereological porous structure, capacitates them for the delivery of biomolecules, genes, and drugs. Accordingly, the present study gives a close preface on certain approaches to incorporating drugs and biomolecules into an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, including blending, surface engineering and modification, coaxial electrospinning and emulsion-based systems. The study further elaborates on certain biomedical applications of nanofibers as drug delivery systems, with case examples of Transdermal systems/ antibacterial agents/ wound dressing, cancer treatment, scaffolds for Growth Factor delivery and carriers for stem cell delivery systems.
The History and Future Value of Endoscopic Intradiscal Therapy and Foraminoplasty
Authors: Yeung Anthony , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2022

The utilization of spinal endoscopic surgery techniques is on the rise in
routine clinical practice and treating painful annular tears, herniated disc, and spinal
stenosis. Over the past ten years, we have witnessed an increasing number of surgeons
recognizing spinal endoscopy's value. Many of them had difficulty finding access to
adequate training while facing reimbursement and acceptance problems. In this
chapter, the authors describe the implementation issues at play that they perceive as
relevant in the discussion between the healthcare equation's stakeholders. Included in
this chapter on the forward-looking perspective of spinal endoscopy is the first author's
involvement in the role and value of laser and electrothermal therapy, which is still
pertinent but has evolved with advancements in technology and endoscopes and
instrumentation.
An Exploratory Study Using the Anti-Anxiety Medication Buspirone for Driving Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Shah Sandeep , Muraleedharan Basme Narendran , Sobti Vikram , Ramírez León Jorge Felipe , Lewandrowski Kai-Uwe
Published: September 2022

Identifying pain generators in multilevel lumbar degenerative disc disease
focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in endoscopic spine care to assure
adequate symptom relief with the targeted endoscopic spinal decompression surgery.
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications of deep learning neural networks to analyze
routine lumbar MRI scans could improve clinical outcomes. One way to accomplish
this is to apply AI management of patient records using a highly automated workflow,
highlighting degenerative and acute abnormalities using unique three-dimensional
patient anatomy models. These models help with the identification of the most suitable
endoscopic treatment protocol. Radiology AI bots could help primary care doctors,
specialists including surgeons and radiologists to read the patient's MRI scans and more
accurately and transcribe radiology reports. In this chapter, the authors introduce the concept of AI applications in endoscopic spine
care and present some initial feasibility data validating its use based on intraoperatively
visualized pathology. This research's ultimate objective is to assist in the development
of AI algorithms predictive of the most successful and cost-effective outcomes with
lumbar spinal endoscopy by using the radiologist's MRI grading and the grading of an
AI deep learning neural network (Multus Radbot™) as independent prognosticators.
Effect of High-intensity Ultrasound on Canola Oil Bleaching (Brassica Napus l.)
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, De Jesus-Hernandez Alelhi , Amador-Espejo Genaro ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delgado-Macuil Raul ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ruiz-Espinosa Hector ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Published: September 2022

Currently, canola oil (Brassica napus L.) has placed as one of the most consumed oils in Mexico. This is because it has a high proportion of essential (linoleic and linolenic acids) and monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid). To retain its beneficial properties, the bleaching process is necessary. The generalized methodology for bleaching has some disadvantages like high clay consumption (3%), long time (180 min) and high temperature (140 °C) that can modify the cis to trans configuration on their unsaturated fatty acids.In this sense, emerging technologies (such as high-intensity ultrasound) can be applied to reduce clay consumption, obtaining a final product with oxidative stability and without compromising its chemical configuration. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound treatment (40 kHz-600 W) for canola oil bleaching. For this, six ultrasonic treatments were applied, processing time (60 and 90 min) and bleaching clay percentage (1, 2 and 3%) at 65 °C. The study variables were the amount of chlorophyll a and b (µg/100 g), carotenoids, color (L*, a* and b*) and a FTIR analysis. Besides, the generalized methodology was employed as a control. The results showed that ultrasonic treatments with 60 and 90 min and 2% clay produced a small increase in chlorophyll a reduction (5% and 2%, respectively) and an important reduction in chlorophyll b (around twice) compared to the control sample. On the other hand, carotenoids were not affected by the US treatment obtaining higher reduction by the conventional method. These results influenced color response, since the ultrasonic samples showed lower values for b* and in a* parameters. Finally, the FTIR analysis exhibit no presence of configurations. In this way, high-intensity ultrasound can be widely considered as an assistant technology to make vegetable oil bleaching more efficient and effective.
Triborheological Analysis of Reconstituted Gastrointestinal Porcine Mucus / Polymeric Nanoparticles System for Studying Mucoadhesion
Authors:   Tecnologico De Monterrey, Ruiz Gustavo , Medina Dora ,   Tecnologico de Monterrey
Published: September 2022

The project analyses the interaction between pig gastrointestinal mucus and chitosan nanoparticles from a rheological point of view. Considering that mucus protective, hydrating and lubricating properties must be preserved as much as possible for avoiding side effects or diseases. Viscoelastic and protective properties of mucus are mainly produced by a mucin network, which is stabilized through electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions that are also related with the interaction with chitosan nanoparticles. Mainly, because mucin is a glycoprotein with a polyanionic nature at physiological pH, while chitosan is a cationic polymer under physiological conditions. So, the interaction is determinant in mucus rheological properties, because mucus should behave as a polymeric solution under neutral pH conditions, and as a viscoelastic gel under acidic conditions. Therefore, a rheological analysis is important to visualize how the interaction with chitosan nanoparticles could produce changes in viscosity, friction coefficient, resistance to different shear stresses and oscillatory stress to which the gastrointestinal mucus is subjected under natural conditions, since the different pH values of the tract.
Formation of Lentil Protein-tannic Acid Complexes Limits in Vitro Peptic Hydrolysis and Alters Peptidomic Profiles of the Protein
Authors:   Wageningen University & Research / University of Ottawa, Boachie Ruth , Okagu Ogadimma ,   University of Ottawa, Abioye Raliat ,   University of Ottawa, Huttmann Nico ,   University of Ottawa, Oliviero Teresa ,   Wageningen University & Research, Capuano Edoardo ,   Wageningen University & Research, Fogliano Vincenzo ,   Wageningen University & Research, Udenigwe Chibuike ,   University of Ottawa
Published: September 2022

Food protein interaction with other biopolymers, such as tannic acids, within a food matrix can alter their structure and functionality. In this study, the nature of lentil protein-tannic acid (LPTA) interaction and its effect on in vitro peptic hydrolysis were investigated. In LPTA mixtures containing 1% w/v LP and 0.001% - 0.5% TA, a twenty-fold increase in particle size was observed in LPTA 0.5% compared to LPI, indicating aggregation. Static quenching of tryptophan residues within the protein hydrophobic folds were observed. Increasing TA content caused an overall increase in α-helix fractions. A 56.79% reduction in free amino nitrogen of LPTA 0.5%, relative to LPI, was observed after digestion. High molecular weight hydrolysates from LPTA 0.5% recorded slightly different amino acid profile. This study showed that 0.5% w/v TA induced protein aggregation, reduced lentil protein digestibility by hindering accessibility of pepsin to protein network, and modified amino acid profile.
Concretos com Agregados Residuais de Construção e Demolição e Pozolanas
Authors: C.C. Santos  , G.C. Isaia
Published: September 2022

Com o crescente aumento do consumo dos recursos naturais em nível mundial, geram-se grandes preocupações em relação ao meio ambiente, tornando a sustentabilidade um assunto em destaque quanto à qualidade de vida e a sobrevivência dos seres vivos. A presente pesquisa visa analisar misturas de concreto com agregado residual de construção e demolição (RCD) através dos ensaios de resistência à compressão axial. Os concretos estudados foram moldados com substituição de dois teores de agregado residual, ou seja, substituições de 15 e 30% do agregado graúdo por RCD, o cimento também foi substituído parcialmente por dois tipos de pozolanas em misturas binárias e ternárias, em que se realizaram substituições de 25% de cimento por cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) e 25% de cinza volante CV) para as misturas binárias, já para as ternárias os teores de substituições foram de (15+10) % (CCA+CV). Para os ensaios de resistência á compressão axial foram moldados corpos de prova cilíndricos de dimensão 10x20cm e curados em câmara úmida por um período de 28 dias. Através dos resultados pôde-se perceber que em relação ao traço referência (sem substituições), os concretos com pozolanas, tanto em misturas binárias como ternárias obtiveram resistência à compressão axial bem próximos da referência, já os traços moldados com substituições somente de agregados resultaram em resistência à compressão axial bastante inferiores. No entanto, concluiu-se que em relação à resistência à compressão axial é viável a utilização de RCD em concretos, porém quando da utilização de pozolanas na mistura.
MODELLING THE COMMUNITY ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS AIR POLLUTION: A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS WITH PLS-SEM
Authors: Sahrir Syazwani , Ponrahono Zakiah , Sharaai Amir Hamzah
Published: September 2022

Air pollution has become a serious threat to public health due to the rapid economic development globally, and urban air pollution is thought to cause 1.3 million deaths annually. Urban areas have a huge potential for human exposure to the severity of air pollution and health concerns. Therefore, it is essential to advance our understanding of the factors influencing behaviour to provide compelling evidence for successful behavioural interventions and guidelines. Doing so will increase the practicality of public adaptation to the guidelines. Yet, little is known about the adaptive behaviour toward air pollution. This study aims to establish a predictive model of factors impacting the adaptative behaviour of urban Malaysians toward air quality. A deductive theory-generating research approach and a correlational research design were used in the development of a new ABR model. The following seven factors were tested: values (VAL), attitude (ATT), perceived vulnerability (PVL), perceived severity (PSV), self-efficacy (SEF), response efficacy (REF), and risk perception (RPN). Klang Valley served as the study area, and a multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select the respondents (n = 440) of a face-to-face questionnaire survey. In conjunction with PLS-SEM analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the structural models. The results demonstrated that PLS-SEM CFA is suitable for building a reliable structural model to examine community adaptive behaviour.
Points and the Delivery of Gameful Experiences in a Gamified Environment: Framework Development and Case Analysis
Authors: Park Sungjin , Kim Sangkyun
Published: September 2022

Background

Points represent one of the most widely used game mechanics in gamification. They have been used as a means to provide feedback to users. They visually show user performance and are used along with other game mechanics to produce synergy effects. However, using points without analyzing the application environment and targets adversely affects users.

Objective

This study aims to identify the problems that users encounter when points are applied improperly, to solve problems based on an analysis of previous studies and actual point use cases, and to develop a point design framework to deliver gameful experiences.

Methods

Three problems were identified by analyzing previous studies. The first problem is points that only accumulate. The second is points that emphasize a user’s difference from other people. The third pertains to the reward distribution problem that occurs when points are used as rewards.

Results

We developed a framework by deriving 3 criteria for applying points. The first criterion is based on the passive acquisition approach and the active use approach. The second criterion is used to classify points as “high/low” and “many/few” types. The third criterion is the classification of personal reward points and group reward points based on segmentation of the reward criteria. We developed 8 types of points based on the derived point design framework.

Conclusions

We expect that some of the problems that users experience when using points can be solved. Furthermore, we expect that some of the problems that arise when points are used as rewards, such as pointsification and the overjustification effect, can be solved. By solving such problems, we suggest a direction that enables a gameful experience for point users and improves the core value delivery through gameful experiences. We also suggest a gameful experience delivery method in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.