bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workers’ participation in a former labour-managed economy: The case of Serbian transition
Authors: Cerovic Bozidar , Svejnar Jan , Uvalic Milica
Published: July 2015

It is well known that Serbia - along with the other Southeast European
successor states of former Yugoslavia - emerged from a country recognized for
its specific labour-managed institutional arrangement. The paper recalls the
main premises of the literature on the labour-managed firm and the
theoretical contributions on participatory forms of management that seem most
relevant to a transition economy like Serbia?s. It proceeds to analyze the
main changes that occurred in Serbia during transition to a market economy,
illustrating some of its specific features and how privatization led to the
conversion of workers self-management into property rights. In order to
analyze the role of employees in decisionmaking, and more generally their
current position in privatized and newly established private firms, a survey
was undertaken in 2013 based on a questionnaire for managers in 69 Serbian
firms. The survey suggests that internal relations in enterprises are
relatively undeveloped, particularly regarding the distribution of
responsibilities in decision making at various organisational levels,
hampering the efficient fulfilment of firms? objectives. It appears that
decision-making processes are usually designed in such a way as to give an
excessive role to the owner as the exclusive decision-maker. The position of
workers seems to be particularly poor regarding their rights to be informed,
to make proposals, and/or to participate in decision-making in general.
Moreover, even traditional workers? rights are neglected (unionization,
collective bargaining etc.). The survey also suggests that in those firms
with a more active role of workers, there is a higher degree of workers?
satisfaction and loyalty to the firm.
Fregean solution of the paradox of analysis and the criterion of difference of thoughts
Authors: Cukljevic Filip
Published: July 2015

At the beginning of this essay a formulation of the paradox of analysis is
presented. Standard Fregean solution of this paradox is then displayed, as
well as the problems that this solution faces. After words, another solution
of the paradox of analysis is shown, which can be found in Frege's late
writings. It will be demonstrated that this solution, at least at first
sight, is incompatible with the criterion of difference of thoughts that is
standardly attributed to Frege. In the end, a possible solution to this
incompatibility is suggested.
Adhesive performance of precoated brackets after expiration
Authors: Cloud Cayce C. , Trojan Terry M. , Suliman Sam N. , Tantbirojn Daranee , Versluis Antheunis
Published: July 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate adhesive performance in terms of debonding forces of precoated metal and ceramic brackets 4 years after expiration.

Materials and Methods: 

Buccal and lingual surfaces of embedded extracted maxillary premolars were etched with 34% Tooth Conditioner Gel (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del), rinsed, and dried. Transbond MIP (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was applied prior to placing adhesive precoated brackets (APC II Victory stainless steel and APC Plus Clarity ceramic brackets, 3M Unitek). The preexpiration brackets had 29–35 months before, and the postexpiration brackets were 45–52 months past, their expiration dates. Sample size was 17–21 per group. Debonding forces were determined by subjecting the bonded brackets to a shear force in a universal testing machine. Debonding forces were compared using two-way ANOVA. Debonded surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine failure modes, which were compared using the chi-square test.

Results: 

No statistically significant difference was found in debonding forces (P  =  .8581) or failure modes (P  =  .4538) between expired and unexpired brackets. Metal brackets required statistically significantly higher debonding forces than did ceramic brackets (P  =  .0001). For both expired and unexpired brackets, failure modes were mostly cohesive in the adhesive layer for ceramic brackets, and mixed between adhesive and cohesive failure in the adhesive layer for metal brackets.

Conclusions: 

Adhesive precoated brackets did not have any reduction in enamel-adhesion properties up to 4 years after their expiration date. Extended shelf life testing for precoated dental brackets may be worth considering.
Categorical Pullbacks
Authors: Riccardi Marco
Published: July 2015

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the categorical concept of pullback in Mizar. In the first part of this article we redefine homsets, monomorphisms, epimorpshisms and isomorphisms [7] within a free-object category [1] and it is shown there that ordinal numbers can be considered as categories. Then the pullback is introduced in terms of its universal property and the Pullback Lemma is formalized [15]. In the last part of the article we formalize the pullback of functors [14] and it is also shown that it is not possible to write an equivalent definition in the context of the previous Mizar formalization of category theory [8].
Matrix of ℤ-module1
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari
Published: July 2015

In this article, we formalize a matrix of ℤ-module and its properties. Specially, we formalize a matrix of a linear transformation of ℤ-module, a bilinear form and a matrix of the bilinear form (Gramian matrix). We formally prove that for a finite-rank free ℤ-module V, determinant of its Gramian matrix is constant regardless of selection of its basis. ℤ-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász) base reduction algorithm and cryptographic systems with lattices [22] and coding theory [14]. Some theorems in this article are described by translating theorems in [24], [26] and [19] into theorems of ℤ-module.
A joint experimental and theoretical study on ZnO nanocomposites synthesised by a liquid deposition method
Authors: Mohaghegh N. , Zeidabadi-nejad L. , Tasviri M. , Dehestani M. , Haqgu M. , Gholami M.R.
Published: July 2015

ZnO was grown on mordenite zeolite, activated carbon and alumina substrates by a liquid deposition method. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesised samples was elucidated using the photodegradation of Acid Blue 92 (AB92) dyes as a test pollutant under UV light irradiation. Supports play a key role in AB92 photodegradation and significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. Different supports form additional transport channels and provide an effective pathway for the charge carriers. The supports effectively construct porous structures with more active sites. Hence, the higher photocatalytic activity of supported catalysts is attributed to the large surface area and charge carrier separation. Bader's AIM theory showed that the strength and nature of intermolecular interactions between ZnO and the various supports is different. All geometry structures were optimised with B3LYP/6-31g (d) level theory. The performed local reactivity descriptors determined the reactive sites in molecules, demonstrating the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composites. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that the insertion of ZnO nanoparticles on the supports enhances electron transfer between ZnO and the catalyst surface, thus inhibiting charge recombination. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed for ZnO/MOR nanocomposite due to its high surface area, unique structure of MOR and photonic efficiency.
Implicit and explicit solvent effects on the selectivity of the cycloaddition reaction of cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate; a theoretical study
Authors: Khavani Mohammad , Izadyar Mohammad
Published: July 2015

The product selectivity of the Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate has been studied through a solvent effect analysis by implicit and explicit solvent models. Two paths for this reaction have been proposed and thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for each path were calculated by the B3LYP functional with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set at 298.15 K. In the explicit solvent model, hydrogen bonds were investigated by the QM/MM method. According to the results, the proportion of the exo product in the gas phase is more than for the endo one, which is in contrast to the solvent phase. HOMO–LUMO analyses in the gas phase and different solvents have been done and solvent effects on the energies of the HOMO–LUMO orbitals were investigated. According to the results, the band gap of the TSs was increased in the presence of the solvents. Finally, natural population analysis has been performed to calculate the electronic charges of some atoms that are involved in the centre of the reaction. The data obtained showed that different solvents, including polar and nonpolar solvents, have different effects on the electronic charges of the atoms. Topological analysis of the structures during the reaction by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) method in the gas phase and different solvents confirmed a cyclic structure for the transition state.
Hybrid Cloud Scheduling Method for Cloud Bursting
Authors: Chunlin Li , LaYuan Li
Published: July 2015

In the paper, we consider the hybrid cloud model used for cloud bursting, when the computational capacity of the private cloud provider is insufficient to deal with the peak number of customers’ applications, the private cloud will rely on the resources leased from public cloud providers for the execution of private cloud applications. The paper proposes the model and algorithm of hybrid cloud scheduling optimization for cloud bursting. Public cloud providers and private cloud users communicate by the hybrid cloud marketplace. The hybrid cloud scheduling optimization is conducted at different levels. According to the model formulation and mathematic solutions of hybrid cloud scheduling, hybrid cloud scheduling algorithms for cloud bursting are proposed, which includes the routines of public cloud optimization, private cloud application optimization and private cloud job optimization. In the simulations, compared with other related algorithm, our proposed hybrid cloud scheduling algorithms achieve the better performance.
True Concurrency in Long-running Transactions for Digital Ecosystems
Authors: Moschoyiannis Sotiris , Krause Paul J.
Published: July 2015

The concept of a digital ecosystem (DE) has been used to explore scenarios in which multiple online services and resources can be accessed by users without there being a single point of control, which can be used to effectively serialise their interactions. We argue in this paper that this weak coupling between services places additional demands on the modelling of compensation and recovery management in long-running transactions over traditional SOC related formalisms. We describe an adaptation of Shields’ vector languages, in that the synchronisation constraint is removed (no shared actions), as a formal semantics for a transaction in terms of the common ordering constraints on the underlying interactions between its participants. The notation afforded by the so-called transaction languages captures the invocations on each participant service (online resource), and at each point during execution, across the whole transaction. Concurrency is modelled explicitly through a notion of independence, which is lifted onto tuples of sequences (one for each participant of the transaction) rather than individual sequences, as in Mazurkiewicz trace languages or events, as in the event structures model. Participating subcomponents execute concurrently and failure of one or more causes the recovery of the whole transaction. Compensations are triggered immediately upon failure and concurrent forward actions are compensated concurrently. We highlight the benefits of our true-concurrent approach in the context of DEs and outline connections of transaction languages to other partial order models. Further, we discuss how our approach supports forward recovery in that recovering the whole transaction is avoided wherever possible.
Dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-dione derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors targeting hepatitis B virus
Authors: Zhang Jun-Fei , Liu Bo , Chen Cong-Xin
Published: July 2015

The construction of dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-dione derivatives (4a–4m), by  the condensation isatoic anhydride, appropriate amines and 2-formylbenzoic acid by using silica sulfuric acid as catalyst was reported. These dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-dione derivatives (DIQ) were identified as potent inhibitors of HBV capsid assembly. The newly synthesized dihydroisoindolo[2,1-a]quinazoline-5,11-dione derivatives 4a-4m were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrum and evaluated for their anti-HBV activity. Majority of the synthesized compounds inhibited the expression of viral antigens at low concentration. But five compounds, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4f, and 4m were shown potent inhibition of HBV DNA replication at submicromolar range. Of these compounds, compound 4a was the most active when compared with lamivudine.

 

 
Multi-Feedback Interference Cancellation Algorithms for OFDM Systems over Doubly-Selective Channels
Authors: Li Peng , Chen Min , Li Li , Feng Jiao
Published: July 2015

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over rapidly time varying channels may suffer from significant inter-carrier interference (ICI), which destroys the orthogonality between subcarriers and degrades the detection performance. Without sufficient ICI suppression, OFDM systems usually experience an error floor. According to the approximate matched filter bound (AMFB), the error floor in a coded OFDM system is not irreducible. In this work, we introduce novel multiple feedback matched filter (MBMF)-based ICI cancellation receivers. Based on the output of a novel MBMF scheme, the approach employs a multiple ICI cancellation strategy with or without signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) ordering. The developed schemes can significantly improve the performance and remove the error floor with a negligible complexity increase. Given the multiple cancellation approach, we compare the SINR performance of the MBMF outputs with that employing single feedback and show that the SINR performance with multiple cancellation candidates is improved over that with a single one at practical SNR values. Additionally, for time-varying channels, we exploit partial fast Fourier transform (PFFT) by splitting one OFDM symbol into multiple segments; the channel state is separately estimated by least-squares (LS) methods without inserting more pilots. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods over serial and block equalizers and the robustness to the Doppler effects compared to conventional single-segment method.
A Sequential Method of Detecting Abrupt Changes in the Correlation Coefficient and Its Application to Bering Sea Climate
Authors: Rodionov Sergei
Published: July 2015

A new method of regime shift detection in the correlation coefficient is proposed. The method is designed to find multiple change-points with unknown locations in time series. It signals a possible regime shift in real time and allows for its monitoring. The method is tested on randomly generated time series with predefined change-points. It is applied to examine structural changes in the Bering Sea climate. A major shift is found in 1967, which coincides with a transition from a zonal type of atmospheric circulation to a meridional one. The roles of the Siberian and Alaskan centers of action on winter temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea have been investigated.
Disparities in Quality of Park Play Spaces between Two Cities with Diverse Income and Race/Ethnicity Composition: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jenkins Gavin , Yuen Hon , Rose Emily , Maher Amy , Gregory Kristina , Cotton Megan
Published: July 2015

This study investigated the differences in the quality of park play spaces between an affluent and a non-affluent community in a large US Southeastern metropolitan area. Two cities were purposefully selected to reflect differences in household income and race/ethnicity characteristics. Using the Playable Space Quality Assessment Tool (PSQAT), all parks (n = 11, with six in the affluent city, and five in the non-affluent city) in these two cities were evaluated. The data were analyzed across three aspects of environmental features of the PSQAT: Location, Play Value and Care and Maintenance between parks in the two cities. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the study hypotheses. Results indicated significant differences between parks in the two cities in all three aspects of the PSQAT with p-values ≤ 0.03 and effect sizes of > 0.65, suggesting that the affluent city had parks of a higher quality than the non-affluent city. Significant disparity in Play Value (p = 0.009) in parks between these two communities suggests that children and young people are likely to have different experiences of the play spaces in their locality and therefore may experience different physical and psychological health benefits.
Understanding Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Groups Using Gene Expression Profiling after UV-Light Exposure
Authors: Bowden Nikola , Beveridge Natalie , Ashton Katie , Baines Katherine , Scott Rodney
Published: July 2015

Children with the recessive genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) have extreme sensitivity to UV-light, a 10,000-fold increase in skin cancers from age 2 and rarely live beyond 30 years. There are seven genetic subgroups of XP, which are all resultant of pathogenic mutations in genes in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and a XP variant resultant of a mutation in translesion synthesis, POLH. The clinical symptoms and severity of the disease is varied across the subgroups, which does not correlate with the functional position of the affected protein in the NER pathway. The aim of this study was to further understand the biology of XP subgroups, particularly those that manifest with neurological symptoms. Whole genome gene expression profiling of fibroblasts from each XP complementation group was assessed before and after UV-light exposure. The biological pathways with altered gene expression after UV-light exposure were distinct for each subtype and contained oncogenic related functions such as perturbation of cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Patients from the subgroups XP-B and XP-F were the only subgroups to have transcripts associated with neuronal activity altered after UV-light exposure. This study will assist in furthering our understanding of the different subtypes of XP which will lead to better diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease.
The Promising Features of New Nano Liquid Metals—Liquid Sodium Containing Titanium Nanoparticles (LSnanop)
Authors: Itami Toshio , Saito Jun-ichi , Ara Kuniaki
Published: July 2015

A new kind of suspension liquid was developed by dispersing Ti nanoparticles (10 nm) in liquid Na, which was then determined by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis. The volume fraction was estimated to be 0.0088 from the analyzed Ti concentration (2 at. %) and the densities of Ti and Na. This suspension liquid, Liquid Sodium containing nanoparticles of titanium (LSnanop), shows, despite only a small addition of Ti nanoparticles, many striking features, namely a negative deviation of 3.9% from the ideal solution for the atomic volume, an increase of 17% in surface tension, a decrease of 11% for the reaction heat to water, and the suppression of chemical reactivity to water and oxygen. The decrease in reaction heat to water seems to be derived from the existence of excess cohesive energy of LSnanop. The excess cohesive energy was discussed based on simple theoretical analyses, with particular emphasis on the screening effect. The suppression of reactivity is discussed with the relation to the decrease of heat of reaction to water or the excess cohesive energy, surface tension, the action as a plug of Ti oxide, negative adsorption on the surface of LSnanop, and percolation.
Metal- and Semimetal-Containing Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Reductase as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Gandin Valentina , Fernandes Aristi
Published: July 2015

The mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) are a family of selenium-containing pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductases playing a central role in cellular redox homeostasis and signaling pathways. Recently, these selenoproteins have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development, often being overexpressed in tumor cells and contributing to drug resistance. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on metal- and semimetal-containing molecules capable of hampering mammalian TrxRs, with an emphasis on compounds reported in the last decade.
Acute Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Intermittent Sports Performance
Authors: Baker Lindsay , Rollo Ian , Stein Kimberly , Jeukendrup Asker
Published: July 2015

Intermittent sports (e.g., team sports) are diverse in their rules and regulations but similar in the pattern of play; that is, intermittent high-intensity movements and the execution of sport-specific skills over a prolonged period of time (~1–2 h). Performance during intermittent sports is dependent upon a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, both of which rely on muscle glycogen and/or blood glucose as an important substrate for energy production. The aims of this paper are to review: (1) potential biological mechanisms by which carbohydrate may impact intermittent sport performance; (2) the acute effects of carbohydrate ingestion on intermittent sport performance, including intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity, sprinting, jumping, skill, change of direction speed, and cognition; and (3) what recommendations can be derived for carbohydrate intake before/during exercise in intermittent sports based on the available evidence. The most researched intermittent sport is soccer but some sport-specific studies have also been conducted in other sports (e.g., rugby, field hockey, basketball, American football, and racquet sports). Carbohydrate ingestion before/during exercise has been shown in most studies to enhance intermittent high-intensity exercise capacity. However, studies have shown mixed results with regards to the acute effects of carbohydrate intake on sprinting, jumping, skill, change of direction speed, and cognition. In most of these studies the amount of carbohydrate consumed was ~30–60 g/h in the form of a 6%–7% carbohydrate solution comprised of sucrose, glucose, and/or maltodextrin. The magnitude of the impact that carbohydrate ingestion has on intermittent sport performance is likely dependent on the carbohydrate status of the individual; that is, carbohydrate ingestion has the greatest impact on performance under circumstances eliciting fatigue and/or hypoglycemia. Accordingly, carbohydrate ingestion before and during a game seems to have the greatest impact on intermittent sports performance towards the end of the game.
A Single-Chip CMOS Pulse Oximeter with On-Chip Lock-In Detection
Authors: He Diwei , Morgan Stephen , Trachanis Dimitrios , Van Hese Jan , Drogoudis Dimitris , Fummi Franco , Stefanni Francesco , Guarnieri Valerio , Hayes-Gill Barrie
Published: July 2015

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and continuous method for monitoring the blood oxygen saturation level. This paper presents the design and testing of a single-chip pulse oximeter fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS process. The chip includes photodiode, transimpedance amplifier, analogue band-pass filters, analogue-to-digital converters, digital signal processor and LED timing control. The experimentally measured AC and DC characteristics of individual circuits including the DC output voltage of the transimpedance amplifier, transimpedance gain of the transimpedance amplifier, and the central frequency and bandwidth of the analogue band-pass filters, show a good match (within 1%) with the circuit simulations. With modulated light source and integrated lock-in detection the sensor effectively suppresses the interference from ambient light and 1/f noise. In a breath hold and release experiment the single chip sensor demonstrates consistent and comparable performance to commercial pulse oximetry devices with a mean of 1.2% difference. The single-chip sensor enables a compact and robust design solution that offers a route towards wearable devices for health monitoring.
Intensity Variation Normalization for Finger Vein Recognition Using Guided Filter Based Singe Scale Retinex
Authors: Xie Shan , Lu Yu , Yoon Sook , Yang Jucheng , Park Dong
Published: July 2015

Finger vein recognition has been considered one of the most promising biometrics for personal authentication. However, the capacities and percentages of finger tissues (e.g., bone, muscle, ligament, water, fat, etc.) vary person by person. This usually causes poor quality of finger vein images, therefore degrading the performance of finger vein recognition systems (FVRSs). In this paper, the intrinsic factors of finger tissue causing poor quality of finger vein images are analyzed, and an intensity variation (IV) normalization method using guided filter based single scale retinex (GFSSR) is proposed for finger vein image enhancement. The experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing the image quality and finger vein recognition accuracy.
An Exposed-Core Grapefruit Fibers Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
Authors: Yang Xianchao , Lu Ying , Wang Mintuo , Yao Jianquan
Published: July 2015

To solve the problem of air hole coating and analyte filling in microstructured optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, we designed an exposed-core grapefruit fiber (EC-GFs)-based SPR sensor. The exposed section of the EC-GF is coated with a SPR, supporting thin silver film, which can sense the analyte in the external environment. The asymmetrically coated fiber can support two separate resonance peaks (x- and y-polarized peaks) with orthogonal polarizations and x-polarized peak, providing a much higher peak loss than y-polarized, also the x-polarized peak has higher wavelength and amplitude sensitivities. A large analyte refractive index (RI) range from 1.33 to 1.42 is calculated to investigate the sensing performance of the sensor, and an extremely high wavelength sensitivity of 13,500 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) is obtained. The silver layer thickness, which may affect the sensing performance, is also discussed. This work can provide a reference for developing a high sensitivity, real-time, fast-response, and distributed SPR RI sensor.
Simulation-Based Approach for Studying the Balancing of Local Smart Grids with Electric Vehicle Batteries
Authors: Latvakoski Juhani , Mäki Kari , Ronkainen Jussi , Julku Jukka , Koivusaari Jani
Published: July 2015

Modern society is facing great challenges due to pollution and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As part of solving these challenges, the use of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing. However, increased dynamics have triggered problems in balancing energy supply and consumption demand in the power systems. The resulting uncertainty and unpredictability of energy production, consumption, and management of peak loads has caused an increase in costs for energy market actors. Therefore, the means for studying the balancing of local smart grids with EVs is a starting point for this paper. The main contribution is a simulation-based approach which was developed to enable the study of the balancing of local distribution grids with EV batteries in a cost-efficient manner. The simulation-based approach is applied to enable the execution of a distributed system with the simulation of a local distribution grid, including a number of charging stations and EVs. A simulation system has been constructed to support the simulation-based approach. The evaluation has been carried out by executing the scenario related to balancing local distribution grids with EV batteries in a step-by-step manner. The evaluation results indicate that the simulation-based approach is able to facilitate the evaluation of smart grid– and EV-related communication protocols, control algorithms for charging, and functionalities of local distribution grids as part of a complex, critical cyber-physical system. In addition, the simulation system is able to incorporate advanced methods for monitoring, controlling, tracking, and modeling behavior. The simulation model of the local distribution grid can be executed with the smart control of charging and discharging powers of the EVs according to the load situation in the local distribution grid. The resulting simulation system can be applied to the study of balancing local smart grids with EV batteries. Based on the evaluation results, it is estimated that the simulation-based approach can provide an essential, safe, and cost-efficient method for the evaluation of complex, critical cyber-physical systems, such as smart grids.
Almost Everything Is Relative in the Caucasus
Authors: Caponigro Ivano , Polinsky Maria
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Classifiers and Number Marking
Authors: Bale Alan , Khanjian Hrayr
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Computing Scalar Implicatures
Authors: Frazier Lyn
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Directionality in numeral quantifiers: the case of "up to"
Authors: Nouwen Rick
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Infinitivals With "too": Degree Operator Scope and Parasitic Gaps
Authors: Nissenbaum Jon , Schwarz Bernhard
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Islands of Contradiction: Presuppostion and Negative Islands
Authors: Abrusán Márta
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Multiple Incremental Themes and Figure/Path Relations
Authors: Beavers John
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Distributivity & Reciprocal Distributivity
Authors: Roberts Craige
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Bare sentences
Authors: Déchaine Rose-Marie
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Gerunds and Types of Events
Authors: Portner Paul
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
A Compositional Semantics for Multiple Focus Constructions
Authors: Krifka Manfred
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
Seuren/Rullmann ambiguities as plural comparisons
Authors: Beck Sigrid
Published: July 2015

This paper reexamines ambiguous comparatives of a kind made famous in Rullmann's (1995) dissertation, e.g. The helicopter was flying less high than a plane can fly. There is some disagreement in the semantic literature regarding whether the ambiguity is limited to less or also shows up in more-comparatives. Accordingly, the analyses suggested differ substantially, ranging from structural to pragmatic. My primary goal is to provide a more solid empirical basis for building semantic theories of the phenomenon. I report the results from a series of questionnaire studies that show (i) that the difference between more- and less-comparatives is not clear cut, and (ii) that we need to make more fine-grained distinctions among less-comparatives. I propose an analysis in terms of plural predication that captures the major effects found in the studies, and I begin to approach the more subtle data points.
Subject domain restriction and reference-tracking
Authors: McKenzie Andrew
Published: July 2015

This paper addresses a question: How does reference-tracking work with non-referential items? Specifically, it explores switch-reference, which typically tracks subjects, in the endangered Kiowa language (of Oklahoma). In it, I propose that switch-reference does not track reference of subjects at all; instead, it tracks the domain restricting resource situation of the subject. This proposal explains a wide variety of switch-reference facts in Kiowa, and the paper brings to light new data that elucidates our understanding of this reference-tracking phenomenon, and perhaps others like it.
A Montagovian treatment of modal subordination
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Pogodalla Sylvain
Published: July 2015

Epistemic modality involves complex contextual dependencies that linguists have studied (Roberts 1989; Veltman 1996). We show that they have a natural treatment within a continuation style semantics.
A Semantic Argument for Complex Predicates
Authors: Hoeksema Jack
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
The Meanings of Words
Authors: Bach Emmon
Published: July 2015

No abstract.
What Do Reciprocals Mean?
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Kanazawa Makoto , Mchombo Sam , Peters Stanley
Published: July 2015

Research on reciprocals has uncovered a variety of semantic contributions that the reciprocal can make, creating problems for proposals that the reciprocal unambiguously means something weak (e.g., Langendoen 1978). However, there is no real evidence that reciprocals are ambiguous, despite previous claims to the contrary (e.g., Fiengo and Lasnik 1973). First, we classify the apparently heterogeneous list of meanings proposed in previous research into a natural taxonomy, showing how they arise from a small stock of logical operations and predicates. Second, we exhibit a partial ordering of the various reciprocal meanings according to logical strength, which we make crucial use of in determining what reciprocals mean in each specific context where they appear. Third, we hypothesize that a reciprocal statement expresses the strongest candidate meaning that is consistent with known properties of the relation expressed by the scope of the reciprocal. This hypothesis is supported by analysis of a large collection of examples we have gathered from various corpora.
INTEGRATED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOLAR COMMUNITIES
Authors: Hachem-Vermette Caroline
Published: July 2015

This paper presents design considerations for an integrated design of solar communities highlighting the interactive nature of various design parameters to improve the energy performance of these neighborhoods. These considerations are illustrated through practical design examples of different neighborhood scenarios and individual buildings, based on extensive studies and analysis of energy performance of a wide spectrum of buildings and neighborhoods. The examples fall under two general categories – design at the neighborhood level, and design at the individual building level. Neighborhood design is illustrated by examples of homogeneous residential neighborhoods consisting of 2-storied housing units and of a mixed-rise neighborhood. Design of individual buildings focuses primarily on design of the envelope – consisting of roof and façades – for maximizing energy generation potential, as a function of height and relative position to adjacent buildings. In addition to examples of application of the design considerations, the paper outlines the process of design of solar communities and the role of simulations in the design process.
IL-4 Downregulates IL-1β and IL-6 and Induces GATA3 in Psoriatic Epidermal Cells: Route of Action of a Th2 Cytokine
Authors: Onderdijk Armanda J. , Baerveldt Ewout M. , Kurek Dorota , Kant Marius , Florencia Edwin F. , Debets Reno , Prens Errol P.
Published: July 2015

Clinical improvement of psoriasis induced by IL-4 treatment has been ascribed to changes in dermal inflammatory cells, such as activation of Th2 cells and tolerization of dendritic cells by suppressing IL-23 production. The pathologic epidermal alterations in psoriatic lesional skin include increased epidermal expression of IL-1β, IL-6, S100A7, and human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) and a downregulated expression of the epidermal transcription factor GATA3. Effects of IL-4 on the epidermal compartment of psoriasis lesions were not previously investigated. Therefore, we investigated whether IL-4 directly affects abovementioned psoriatic markers in the epidermal compartment. We cultured freshly isolated psoriatic epidermal cells, whole psoriatic and healthy skin biopsies, human keratinocytes and Langerhans cells with IL-4. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 by psoriatic epidermal cells was inhibited by IL-4 via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, respectively. In normal skin, IL-4 inhibited IL-1β- and IL-17A–induced hBD2 expression in vitro. In addition, IL-4 reduced the protein expression of hBD2 in psoriatic skin biopsies and induced phospho-STAT6 protein. Epidermal GATA3 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated by IL-4 in epidermal cells and keratinocytes. Our data argue that IL-4 improves psoriasis not only via modification/induction of Th2 cells and type II dendritic cells, but also via direct inhibition of inflammatory cytokines in resident IL-4R–expressing epidermal cells and thereby alters the psoriatic skin phenotype toward a healthy skin phenotype.
Peripherally Induced Tolerance Depends on Peripheral Regulatory T Cells That Require Hopx To Inhibit Intrinsic IL-2 Expression
Authors: Jones Andrew , Opejin Adeleye , Henderson Jacob G. , Gross Cindy , Jain Rajan , Epstein Jonathan A. , Flavell Richard A. , Hawiger Daniel
Published: July 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce peripheral immune tolerance that prevents autoimmune responses. Ag presentation by peripheral DCs under steady-state conditions leads to a conversion of some peripheral CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs) that require homeodomain-only protein (Hopx) to mediate T cell unresponsiveness. However, the roles of these peripheral Tregs (pTregs) in averting autoimmune responses, as well as immunological mechanisms of Hopx, remain unknown. We report that Hopx+ pTregs converted by DCs from Hopx− T cells are indispensible to sustain tolerance that prevents autoimmune responses directed at self-Ags during experimental acute encephalomyelitis. Our studies further reveal that Hopx inhibits intrinsic IL-2 expression in pTregs after antigenic rechallenge. In the absence of Hopx, increased levels of IL-2 lead to death and decreased numbers of pTregs. Therefore, formation of Hopx+ pTregs represents a crucial pathway of sustained tolerance induced by peripheral DCs, and the maintenance of such pTregs and tolerance requires functions of Hopx to block intrinsic IL-2 production in pTregs.
IL-17–Producing Vγ4+ γδ T Cells Require Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 for Their Egress from the Lymph Nodes under Homeostatic and Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Maeda Yasuhiro , Seki Noriyasu , Kataoka Hirotoshi , Takemoto Kana , Utsumi Hiroyuki , Fukunari Atsushi , Sugahara Kunio , Chiba Kenji
Published: July 2015

Conventional αβ T cells require sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1) for circulation through the lymph nodes (LN); however, it is unclear whether γδ T cells use similar mechanisms. In this study, we found that treatment with fingolimod (FTY720, 1 mg/kg, orally) markedly reduced not only conventional CD4 T cells but also circulating γδ T cells (Vγ4+ and Vγ4− subsets) in the blood of mice. In contrast, IL-17+Vγ4+, IL-17+Vγ4−, and IL-17−Vγ4− subsets were significantly accumulated in the LN after 6 h of FTY720 treatment. By skin application of a synthetic TLR7/8 agonist, Vγ4+ γδ T cells (IL-17+ and IL-17− subsets) were accumulated and expanded in the draining LN (DLN), whereas the IL-17+ subset predominantly migrated to the inflamed skin. FTY720 induced a marked sequestration of IL-17–producing Vγ4+ γδ T cells in the DLN and inhibited their infiltration into the inflamed skin. Similarly, FTY720 inhibited infiltration of Vγ4+ γδ T cells into the CNS by their sequestration into the DLN in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Vγ4+ γδ T cells expressed a significant level of S1P1 and showed a migratory response toward S1P. FTY720 treatment induced almost complete downregulation of S1P1 expression and S1P responsiveness in Vγ4+ γδ T cells. Our findings strongly suggest that IL-17–producing Vγ4+ γδ T cells require S1P1 for their egress from the LN under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Consequently, inhibition of S1P1-dependent egress of pathogenic IL-17–producing Vγ4+ γδ T cells from the DLN may partly contribute the clinical therapeutic effects of FTY720 in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
Foxo1 Is a T Cell–Intrinsic Inhibitor of the RORγt-Th17 Program
Authors: Lainé Alexandra , Martin Bruno , Luka Marine , Mir Lucile , Auffray Cédric , Lucas Bruno , Bismuth Georges , Charvet Céline
Published: July 2015

An uncontrolled exaggerated Th17 response can drive the onset of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we show that, in T cells, Foxo1 is a negative regulator of the Th17 program. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras and Foxo1-deficient mice, we demonstrate that this control is effective in vivo, as well as in vitro during differentiation assays of naive T cells with specific inhibitor of Foxo1 or inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway acting upstream of Foxo1. Consistently, expressing this transcription factor in T cells strongly decreases Th17 generation in vitro as well as transcription of both IL-17A and IL-23R RORγt-target genes. Finally, at the molecular level, we demonstrate that Foxo1 forms a complex with RORγt via its DNA binding domain to inhibit RORγt activity. We conclude that Foxo1 is a direct antagonist of the RORγt-Th17 program acting in a T cell–intrinsic manner.
Triassic stratigraphy of northern Yukon Territory
Authors: Mountjoy E W
Published: July 2015

This report presents a general outline of the Triassic stratigraphy based on field work carried out on a reconnaissance geologic study of the northern part of Yukon Territory. Triassic strata occur in three widely separated localities: the British and Barn
Mountains, Richardson Mountains and northwestern Ogilvie Mountains. Triassic strata are most abundant in the British Mountains where representatives of the Lower Triassic Sadlerochit Formation and Upper Triassic Shublik Formation are present. The lvishak member of the Sadlerochit Formation consists
of marine, fine-grained sandstones and siltstones with shale interbeds. The Shublik consists of thin-bedded shales and sandstones which grade laterally into carbonates and reflect deposition in relatively shallow waters close to shore on a stable shelf. The Richardson Mountain Triassic consists of
marine limestones except for non-marine sediments near Rat River. A thicker sequence of black shales with thin lime - stone interbeds occurs in the Ogilvie Mountains. During Triassic time most of the region appears to have been moderately positive with some relief except for areas of the British and
Barn Mountains and the northwestern Ogilvie Mountains. Early Triassic seas encroached from the west (?) onto the ·extreme western British Mountains. Middle Triassic sediments are only known at present to occur in Tombstone area of Ogilvie Mountains. Late Triassic seas inundated the region from
the northwest and west along a shallow depression developed along the axis of the Brooks and British Mountains. The eastern edge of the Late Triassic shoreline appears to have extended from eastern Barn Mountains southeast across northern Richardson Mountains and thus was separated from the Sverdrup
basin of the Arctic islands. These Triassic strata do not appear to be favourable for the accumulation of petroleum.
Three geochemical standards of sulphide-bearing ultramafic rock- U.M.1, U.M.2, U.M.4
Authors: Cameron E M
Published: July 2015

Large quantities of three samples of sulphide-bearing ultramafic rock have been collected; two from the Werner Lake-Gordon Lake district of northwestern Ontario and one from the Gi ant Mascot Mine at Hope, B. C, The latter sample is a peridotite; the other two
are serpentinized hornblende metaperidotites. All three samples have been crushed, ground, and thoroughly homogenized before being analyzed for a number of elements . The primary purpose of the samples is to provide standards for the determination of S and ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide soluble Cu,
Cu, Ni, and Co in ultramafic rocks. Analysis for these components forms the basis of a geochemical method for evaluation of the ore potential of ultramafic rocks. Repeated determinations of the latter three components using a two-way analysis of variance design shows that each of the samples i s
homogeneous for these components. The samples may also prove to be useful standard material for other elements, such as chromium and the platinum metals. They have been analyzed for Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, HzO, COz, Cr, Zn, and total Cu, Ni, and Co in addition to the components listed
above. Bottles of each of the standards U,M, 1, U. M. 2, and U. M, 4 are being distributed by the Canadian Standard Reference Materials Project.
Upper Pliensbachian beds in the Fernie Group of Alberta
Authors: Frebold H
Published: July 2015

Descruves the first specimens of the ammonite genus Amaltheus to be collected from the Jurassic Fernie Group in the Rocky Mountains and Foothills. The fossils clearly establish the presence of rocks of Upper Pliensbachian age.
From dependence to interdependence: Towards a practical theology of disability
Authors: Leshota Paul
Published: July 2015

Disability has remained on the fringes of research in Africa in general and Southern Africa in particular, especially in the field of theology. Its glaring absence constitutes an indictment against both church and society, revealing in the process both the church’s and society’s penchant for a dependence paradigm which has been the paradigm with respect to issues of disabilities and people with disabilities. Using the participatory method with its proclivity for bringing to the fore the voice of the ‘other’ and the marginalised, both the dependence and independence paradigms within the context of disability are put under scrutiny. In the process and through the voice of people with disabilities, the practical theological paradigm of interdependence emerges as the most appropriate and friendliest one, as it resonates with both the New Testament notion of koinonia through love and the African notion of botho through interconnection. The practical theology of holding each other in arms resonates with the theology of embrace that has been popularised by Volf within the context of much hatred and alienation. All these different dimensions of the theology of interdependence become the bedrock for inclusive and respectful treatment of each other irrespective of race, gender,
Questing ixodid ticks on the vegetation of sable antelope and multi-herbivore enclosures in Thabazimbi
Authors: Uys André C. , Horak Ivan G. , Harrison Alan
Published: July 2015

This survey of ixodid ticks was the first to compare the species composition and population dynamics of free-living ticks in intensive, sable antelope breeding enclosures, now commonplace in commercial wildlife ranching in South Africa, with those of multi-herbivore enclosures. The species composition, abundance and seasonal abundance of questing ixodid ticks on the vegetation in intensive breeding enclosures for sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), on which strategic tick control is practised, were compared with those of ticks in a multi-species herbivore enclosure surrounding the breeding enclosures in which no tick control is practised. A total of eight ixodid tick species were collected by drag-sampling the woodland and grassland habitats in each enclosure type monthly from July 2011 to July 2013. Rhipicephalus decoloratus, a potential vector of fatal tick-borne disease in sable antelopes, was the most abundant, accounting for 65.4% of the total number of ticks collected in the sable enclosures, whilst representing only 25.4% of number of ticks collected in the multi-species herbivore enclosure. Rhipicephalus decoloratus and R. evertsi evertsi were more abundant than R. appendiculatus (both p 0.05) and Amblyomma hebraeum (p 0.001 and p 0.01, respectively). Rhipicephalus decoloratus larvae were collected throughout the year, with peak collections in November 2012 and October to December 2013 in the sable enclosures; and in April/May 2012 and February/April 2013 in the multi-species herbivore enclosure. More R. decoloratus were recovered in the second year than in the first year in the grassland habitat of the sable enclosures (V = 7.0, p 0.05) possibly as a result of acaricide resistance. The apparent temporal over-abundance of R. decoloratus in sable antelope breeding enclosures, in the face of strategic tick control, is of concern and requires further investigation.