bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ALFA MANGOSTIN TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA PADA TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI DIET TINGGI FRUKTOSA
Authors: Santoso Andreas Putro Ragil , Wulandari Devyana Dyah
Published: September 2020

Alfa mangostin senyawa tunggal yang didapatkan dari isolasi Kulit buah Garvinia mangostana Linn. Penelitian banyak dilakukan menyebutkan bahwa senyawa dari alfa mangostin memiliki sifat bioktifitas seperti, antioksidan, antikanker, antidiabetes dan antiinflamasi. Antidiabetes memiliki arti penting bagi penderita diabetes untuk mengurangi kadar glukosa didalam darah. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian alfa mangostin terhadap kadar glukosa pada tikus yang diinduksi diet fruktosa. Rancangan pada metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental jenis posttest only kontrol grup dengan 5 perlakukan yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, alfamangostin 50 mg/kg BB, 100 mg/kg BB dan 150 mg/kg BB. Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 yang didapat dari 6 tikus setiap perlakuan. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian dilakukan uji anova didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan 0,000 atau p < 0,005 sehingga bisa diartikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian alfamangostin terhadap kadar glukosa.
Development of learning module to improve competency achievement in the department of civil engineering education in Indonesia
Authors: Daryono Rihab Wit , Rochmadi Sunar
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the process of preparation and feasibility of the Building Maintenance learning module in the Department of Civil Engineering in vocational high schools. This research is a research and development (R&D) study using the Four D (4D) model. The Building Maintenance learning module is validated by one material expert and one media expert and the Building Maintenance subject teacher. The module contains a title, introduction, learning, evaluation questions, UAS, answer key, and bibliography. The analysis shows that the learning module as a whole is very feasible to be used as a teaching material. The results of the analysis of the data obtained an average score from the material experts isÂ  90.0% so that it belongs to the "very feasible" category, the average score from the results of the media experts is 74.194% so that it belongs to the "feasible" category, and the average score of the teacher is 88.46% so it is included in the "very feasible" category. Then it can be concluded that the Building Maintenance module is in the very feasible category.
Indonesian studentsâ€™ learning attitude towards online learning during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Zhou Ying , Purnama Aditya , Hermita Neni
Published: September 2020

Now, the whole world is facing the coronavirus pandemic. In the meantime, students in China are required to do social distancing and not go to school. This coronavirus pandemic resulted in the use of online learning to teach students. In this research, we will get to know the studentsâ€™ learning attitude towards online learning during the coronavirus pandemic. The sample population for this research are students in West Java, Indonesia. The data will be collected by using questionnaires and there was a total of 16 questionnaires that is collected for this research. The result of this research shows that online learning during this coronavirus pandemic is not very effective. Also, the studentsâ€™ learning interest towards online learning is also very low. Based on the interview done on students and teachers, most of them stated that there are various factors that can affect online learning in China such as learning environment, internet and etc. The suggestion that is given in this research is that aside from online classes, teachers can also use video learning media that are used by developed countries so that it can solve the bad internet problem. The result of this research hopefully, can become a reference to improving a more effective learning media that can be used during the coronavirus pandemic in Indonesia.
ANALISIS DEBIT PUNCAK SUNGAI AIR TETAP KABUPATEN KAUR DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE HIDROGRAF SATUAN SINTESIK (HSS)
Authors: Martin Roy , Fauzi Muhammad , Amri Khairul
Published: September 2020

The  Tetap Watershed covers an area of 12967 hectares (Ha) and is located in Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province. The purpose of this study was to obtain peak discharge due to the intensity of rainfall in the Fixed Watershed using the HSS Gama 1, HSS Nakayasu and HSS Snyder methods. Estimated amount of peak discharge is input material for water building planning. Hydrological analysis to obtain peak discharge in this way uses daily rainfall data for 10 years. Based on the calculation of the frequency distribution of the 3 rainfall methods, namely the Gumbel Type I distribution method, Pearson Log Type III, and Normal Log, the method used for the calculation of the planned rainfall is the Gumbel Type I Method with return periods 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, that is 87,566 mm; 114,867 mm; 132,940 mm; 155,782 mm; 172,785 mm and 189,543 mm. From the results of the hydrological analysis, the peak discharge in the Fixed Watershed using the HSS Gama 1 Method for return periods 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years is 95.93 mm; 117.40 mm; 136.41 mm; 156.23 mm; 170.81 mm and 185.36. Nakayasu HSS method for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years in the amount of 90.65 mm; 126.21 mm; 142.92 mm; 160.76 mm; 185.05 mm and 202.45. Snyder HSS method for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years that is equal to 81.79 mm; 94.71 mm; 110.17 mm; 122.33 mm; 133.60 mm and 144.85. The Nakayassu HSS method, which is 202.45 m3 / second with a peak time of 2.57 hours, is the largest and for the Snyder HSS results the smallest of the two other methods, namely 144.85 m3 / second with a peak time of 5.732 hours.
MASIFIKASI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TERORISME DI INDONESIA
Authors: Triwahyuningsih Susani , Yusti Herma
Published: September 2020

Pancasila merupakan ideologi bangsa, yang juga sebagai salah satu sumber ilmu pengetahuan yang harus dipelajari oleh setiap subyek bangsa, khususnya kalangan pembelajar. Mereka harus paham hakikat urgensinya ideologi Pancasila. Kalau hal ini bisa terwujud secara masif dalam kehidupan bangsa ini, maka akan menjadi kekuatan besar atau fundamental untuk menghadapi atau mencegah ideologi yang dsebarkan oleh komunitas teroris. Para teroris tidak akan berhenti melancarkan serangan secara fisik dengan segala instrument kekerasan maupun dengan menggunakan serangan ideologis, yang diantaranya menggunakan doktrin ideologisnya untuk melemahkan dan menghancurkan ideologi Pancasila. Jika hal ini bisa dilakukan dan diterima Sebagian bangsa secara terus menerus, maka tentulah menjadi problem ancaman yang serius.Kata kunci: pendidikan, pencegahan, terorisme, doktrin, ideologi Pancasila is the ideology of the nation, which is also a source of knowledge that must be studied by every subject of the nation, especially among students. They must understand the essence of the urgency of the Pancasila ideology. If this can be massively realized in the life of this nation, it will become a major or fundamental force to face or prevent the ideology spread by the terrorist community. The terrorists will not stop launching attacks physically with all instruments of violence or by using ideological attacks, which include using their ideological doctrine to weaken and destroy the Pancasila ideology. If this can be done and accepted by some nations on an ongoing basis, then it will certainly become a serious threat problem.Keywords: education, prevention, terrorism, doctrine, ideology
The effect of moderate alcohol drinking in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Choi Jong Hwa , Sohn Won , Cho Yong Kyun
Published: September 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by fat accumulation in liver that is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption. Safe limits of alcohol consumption in NAFLD are usually defined as alcohol consumption of less than 210 g per week for men and 140 g per week for women (30 g/day in men, 20 g/day in women) and alcohol consumption below safe limits is generally regarded as moderate alcohol consumption. Many studies have investigated the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on NAFLD patients. Some studies showed that moderate alcohol consumption prevented the progression of fibrosis in the liver, whereas other reports showed worsening of fibrosis in the liver based on serologic, radiologic and liver biopsy findings compared with effects on total abstainers. NAFLD is also thought to be a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and when combined with excessive alcohol consumption results in the development of components of metabolic syndrome and systemic harmful effects. The effects of moderate alcohol consumption on NAFLD have yet to be established.
The The Influence of Internet Use on Class X Student Learning Outcomes in Economics Subjects
Authors: Eni Sukaeni , Rahman S Nurdin , Chotimah Nur
Published: September 2020

Internet is on source of learning that can help student in participating in learning activities, because on the internet there are various kinds of information related to subjects matter. The results of interviews with educators and class X students that in adition to using textbooks as a learning resource, Muhammadiyah Maumere high school students also use the internet as a learning resource. Therefore, there is a need for research on the effect of the use of the internet on the learning outcomes of class X students in economic subjects at Muhammadiyah Maumere High School, with the aim to determine the Effect of Internet Us on Class X Student Learning Outcomes in Economic Subjects at Muhammadiyah Maumere High School. This type of research used in this research in quantitative research. The study had a population of 82 respondents and a sample of 68 respondents. This research uses an instrument in the from of a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis said that there is an influence of the use of the internet on the learning outcomes of class X students in economic subjects at Muhammadiyah Maumere High School, this is evidenced by hypothesis testing namely Rhitung>Rtable or 4.056>1.995. R square value of 0,200 means that the influence of internet us on student learning outcomes by 20% and 90% is influenced by other variables not examined.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VISUALIZATION AUDITORY KINESTETIC (VAK) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA SMPN MONCOK
Authors: Arsyad Muhammad Naharuddin
Published: September 2020

Pembelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri Moncok masih terdapat berbagai permasalahan yang menyebabkan kualitas pembelajaran dan hasil belajar belum optimal. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan adalah model pembelajaran Visualization Auditory Kinestetic (VAK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah penerapan model Visualization Auditory Kinesthetic.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian one group pre-test post-test design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Moncok Pengambilan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling yaitu satu kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis statistik t-Test.

            Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, menggunakan rumus uji t-Test diketahui bahwa t hitung  = - 8,172 dan untuk t tabel diperoleh dengan cara nilai @ = 5 % (0,05) dengan derajat kebebasan (df) n-1 atau 29-1 = 28. Pengujian 2 sisi (signifikansi = 0,025) hasil diperoleh untuk t tabel adalah 2,048. Didapatkannya hasil -t hitung  < -t tabel  (-8,172 < -2,048) maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Visualization Auditory Kinestetic pada materi interaksi sosial dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS Sosiologi siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Moncok.
KEHIDUPAN ETNIS MADURA PASCA KONFLIK DENGAN ETNIS DAYAK TAHUN 1997 DI DESA PAHAUMAN KEC. SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Juwanda Juwanda , Saffanah Winin Maulidya
Published: September 2020

Etnis Madura tidak kembali kedaerah asalnya ada dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal faktor internal ialah faktor keluarga dan faktor eksternal adalah faktor mata pencaharian dan lahan. cara beradaptasi Etnis Madura terhadap masyarakat Dayak melalui dua cara yaitu dengan mempelajari bahasa setempat dan silaturahmi atau mengunjungi tempat tinggal warga sekitar. , kondisi Kalimantan Barat saat ini pada tahun 2018 sudah aman  dan tentram kembali aturan-aturan yang awal sudah diberlakukan lagi serta kondisi antara etnis Madura dan etnis Dayak sudah tidak ada rasa benci maupun dendam.
MENCARI SISTEM PEMIDANAAN YANG TEPAT DALAM TATA HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA KHUSUSNYA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Waluyo Dadi
Published: September 2020

Sejak diundangkannya hingga saat ini, Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001, maka Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi kini telah berlaku selama kurang lebih 20 (dua puluh) tahun. Dalam kurun waktu itu, Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi telah digunakan untuk menjerat dan mempidana kepada banyak pelaku tindak pidana korupsi.Adanya ancaman pidana minimum khusus dalam Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dipandang sebagian kalangan telah membelenggu kebebasan hakim. Hal ini disebabkan hakim tidak dapat menjatuhkan putusan pidana di bawah ancaman pidana minimum khusus jika telah terbukti suatu perbuatan dilakukan oleh terdakwa. Sebagai contoh, jika seorang terdakwa telah terbukti melakukan perbuatan korupsi sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 2 ayat (1), meskipun banyak hal-hal yang meringankan dalam diri terdakwa, maka hakim tetap harus berpedoman pada ancaman pidana minimum khusus dari pasal 2 ayat (1) tersebut, yaitu 4 (empat) tahun.Di satu sisi ancaman pidana minimum khusus dianggap membelenggu kebebasan hakim, namun di sisi yang lain ancaman pidana minimum khusus ini akan mencegah disparitas dalam penjatuhan pidana. Disparitas dalam penjatuhan pidana ini sering dijumpai pada tindak pidana yang dijerat dengan KUHP.
SANKSI AKADEMIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SANKSI TERHADAP PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH PELAJAR
Authors: Pangestu Ilham Aji
Published: September 2020

Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan mengamanatkan tujuan penyelenggaraan Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan diantaranya adalah terwujudnya pelayanan Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan yang aman, selamat, tertib, lancar, dan terpadu dengan moda angkutan lain untuk mendorong perekonomian nasional, memajukan kesejahteraan umum, memperkukuh persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa, serta mampu menjunjung tinggi martabat bangsa, terwujudnya etika berlalu lintas dan budaya bangsa serta terwujudnya penegakkan hukum dan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat. Pada praktiknya masih sering terjadi hal-hal yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan tujuan tersebut. Hal tersebut berupa pelanggaran lalu lintas khususnya yang dilakukan oleh pelajar. Sanksi akademik digunakan sebagai alternatif sanksi terhadap pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh pelajar. Sanksi akademik ini berupa sinergi antara sekolah dengan Kepolisian dalam rangka penegakkan disiplin dan tertib berlalu lintas untuk pelajar.
Cover Supremasi Hukum
Authors: Supremasi Hukum Cover
Published: September 2020

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TINJAUAN HUKUM PELAKSANAKAN PILKADES DESA SIDOMUKTI KECAMATAN ADIMULYO KABUPATEN KEBUMEN JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Hamid Hasan
Published: September 2020

Keberadaan pemerintah Desa diatur dalam perundang-undangan Negara Republik Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 1965 Tentang Desapraja, Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1974 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan di Daerah, Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 Tentang Pemerintahan Desa. Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (tidak berlaku lagi karena tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan keadaan, ketatanegaraan, dan tuntutan penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah sehingga perlu diganti). Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (tidak berlaku lagi karena tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan keadaan, ketatanegaraan, dan tuntutan penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah sehingga perlu diganti). Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, dalam pasal 239 menyatakan “Pada saat berlakunya Undang-Undang Ini, maka Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah dinyatakan tidak berlaku. Perubahan Atas UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (Peraturan Pemerintahan Pengganti Undang-Undang RI Nomor 3 Tahun 2005) Perubahan Kedua Atas UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah (UU No. 12 Tahun 2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah menyatakan mencabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku : pertamaUU No. 5 Tahun 1962 Tentang Perusahaan Daerah, kedua UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintah Daerah, sebagaimana telah diubah beberapa kali terakhir dengan UU No. 12 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah UU No. 28 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pajak Daerah dan Restribusi Daerah. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa, didalam pasal 121 menyatakan : pada saat UU ini berlaku Pasal 200 – pasal 2016 UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemda, sebagaimana telah diubah beberapa kali terakhir dengan UU No. 12 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perubahan kedua UU No 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku. Desa adalah desa dan desa adat atau yang disebut dengan nama lain, selanjutnya disebut desa, adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki batas wilayah yang berwenang untuk mengatur dan mengurus urusan pemerintahan, kepentingan masyarakat setempat beradsarkan prakarsa masyarakat, hak asal usul, danatau hak tradisional yang diakui dan dihormati dalam sistem pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Pemilihan kepala desa Sidomukti adalah untuk melaksanakan amanah dari perundang-undangan yang berlau, sehingga tujuan dari penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang paling bawah ini dapat terlasana dengan baik dan damai. Hasil pilkades Sidomukti saudara Suparmin (petahana) memperoleh 501 (lima ratus satu) suara, saudara Bayu Ikhtiar memperoleh 19 (sembilan belas) suara, saudara Heru Hudiyono memperoleh 622 (enam ratus dua puluh dua) suara, dan saudara Jono Riyanto memperoleh 430 (empat ratus tiga puluh) suara.
PENERAPAN PEMBAGIAN HARTA GONO-GINI DILIHAT DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN DAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI)
Authors: Myranika Annie
Published: September 2020

Ketentuan tentang harta gono-gini harus jelas karena berdasarkan hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia, yang boleh dibagi secara bersama diantara pasangan suami istri adalah hanya sebatas pada harta gono-gini asalkan tidak ditentukan hal lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan. Berdasarkan hukum positif yang berlaku di Indonesia, harta gono-gini itu diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, bab VII tentang harta benda dalam perkawinan pasal 35, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPer) pasal 119 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 35 Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 dan dalam Pasal 85 sampai dengan Pasal 97 Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Jika suami-isteri yang akan bercerai berperkara mengenai harta gono-gini ke Pengadilan Agama, maka ada ketentuan khusus yang diberlakukan. Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam pasal 97 ada ketentuan bahwa janda atau duda cerai hidup masing-masing berhak mendapat seperdua (bagian 50 %) dari harta bersama, sepanjang tidak ditentukan lain dalam perjanjian perkawinan.
PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KAKAO BERDASARKAN UMUR DI TAMAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN NGLANGGERAN
Authors: Saputro Wahyu Adhi , Helbawanti Octaviana Helbawanti
Published: September 2020

Produksi kakao dunia salah satunya dipenuhi oleh produksi kakao yang berasal dari Indonesia. Daerah yang membudidayakan kakao dengan integrasi kambing etawa di Taman Teknologi Pertanian Nglanggeran Kecamatan Patuk Gunungkidul. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua petani kakao yang ada di Taman Teknologi Pertanian Nglanggeran sementara sampel merupakan petani yang memiliki pohon kakao usia produktif kurang dari lima belas tahun dan petani kakao yang memiliki pohon kakao usia non produktif lebih dari lima belas tahun menggunakan simple random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t test paired two sample. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa kakao umun produktif kurang dari lima belas tahun memiliki produktivitas yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan kakao yang memasuki umur tidak produktif lebih dari sama dengan lima belas tahun. Rerata produktivitas kakao umur produktif sebesar 744,20 Kg/Ha sementara rerata produktivitas kakao umur tidak produktif sebesar 588,41 Kg/ha.Kata Kunci : Produksi, kakao, Produktivitas
ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN SENSITIVITAS USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Fachrizal Muhammad Hanif
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu : (1) untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha penggilingan padi dan (2) untuk mengetahui seberapa sensitif terhadap beberapa perubahan variabel yang mungkin terjadi yakni penurunan jumlah giling sebesar 10% dan kenaikan harga BBM (solar) sebesar 5,3% pada usaha penggilingan padi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian survei. Populasi yang digunakan merupakan pengusaha penggilingan padi di Kecamatan Lemahabang Kabupaten Cirebon yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian berjumlah 8 orang. Teknik analisis data mengunakan analisis kelayakan dengan pendekatan analisis investasi yaitu menggunakan NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), Net B/C Ratio, ARR (Average Rate of Return) dan Payback Period dan analisis sensitivitas perubahan variabel terjadi penurunan jumlah giling 10% dan kenaikan harga solar 5,3% Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1. Usaha penggilingan padi layak untuk dijalankan dengan nilai NPV (Net Present Value) sebesar Rp.21.804.273, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) sebesar 23%, Net B/C Ratio sebesar 1,18, ARR (Average Rate of Return) sebesar 58% dan Payback periode selama 3 tahun 6 bulan 7 hari. 2. Analisis sensitivitas dengan penurunan jumlah giling sebesar 10% mengakibatkan usaha ini tetap layak akan tetapi rawan untuk dijalankan karena mengakibatkan seluruh nilai kriteria analisis mendekati batas kriteria kelayakan dan pada saat penurunan sebesar 15% menjadi tidak layak, pada saat kenaikan harga solar sebesar 5,3% usaha ini masih layak untuk dilaksanakan karena dampaknya tidak terlalu berpengaruh secara signifikan.Kata Kunci : Penggilingan Padi, Kelayakan Usaha, Sensitivitas
Diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection: problems and prospects
Authors: Molostova A. S. , Gladyshev N. S. , Svarval A. V. , Ferman R. S. , Karasyova A. B. , Lavrenova N. S. , Kashchenko V. A. , Varzin S. A. , Yermolenko E. I.
Published: September 2020

(HP) infection was performed using invasive and non-invasive methods. The study group consisted of 95 patients with dyspepsia. HP infection was detected in 47 patients (49.4 %). The expediency of using a set of diagnostic methods for detecting HP (PCR, immunochromatographic, bacteriological and method for determining urease activity) is proved. Most often (100 %) in patients HP infection was detected in biopsies using the PCR method. Somewhat less frequently it was detected when examining biopsies with an invasive biochemical method (AMA RUT Reader) (82 %) and fecal immunochromatographic method (83 %). Despite the fact that helicobacteriosis was detected bacteriologically in a small number of patients (24 %), this method is of particular value, since it allows you to assess the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs and probiotics, and does not give false positive results.
Total Mobilisation from Below: Abeyance Networks, Threats and Emotions in Hong Kong’s Freedom Summer
Authors: Cheng Edmund , Yuen Samson
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the origins and dynamics of an extraordinary wave of protests in Hong Kong in 2019 and 2020. Despite lacking visible political opportunities and organisational resources, the movement drew prolonged, mass participation unparalleled in the city’s history and much of the world. Drawing on onsite and online data, we conceptualise Hong Kong’s Freedom Summer as a form of total mobilisation from below. The totality of mobilisation depended on a set of permissive and productive conditions: abeyant civil society networks concealed after the Umbrella Movement activated by fear over extradition to an authoritarian regime and anger towards unregulated police action. The movement’s characteristics are further examined in regard to protest scale, mobilisation structure, alternative space, and group solidarity. The spasmodic moments of mobilisation are thus explained by the nexus of network building in an unreceptive political environment and participatory experience in conjunctural events.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Koch Wojciech , Gaweł-Beben Katarzyna , Antosiewicz Beata , Sharifi-Rad Javad
Published: September 2020

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasomes are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of many diseases and disorders. Among NLRPs, the NLRP3 (in humans encoded by the NLRP3 gene) is expressed predominantly in macrophages as a component of the inflammasome and is associated with many diseases, including gout, type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, and neurological diseases and disorders. Diterpenes containing repeated isoprenoid units in their structure are a member of some essential oils that possess diverse biological activities and are becoming a landmark in the field of drug discovery and development. This review sketches a current scenario of diterpenes or their derivatives acting through NLRPs, especially NLRP3-associated pathways with anti-inflammatory effects. For this, a literature survey on the subject has been undertaken using a number of known databases with specific keywords. Findings from the aforementioned databases suggest that diterpenes and their derivatives can exert anti-inflammatory effects via NLRPs-related pathways. Andrographolide, triptolide, kaurenoic acid, carnosic acid, oridonin, teuvincenone F, and some derivatives of tanshinone IIA and phorbol have been found to act through NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. In conclusion, diterpenes and their derivatives could be one of the promising compounds for the treatment of NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases and disorders.
Development of Ornithology and Ornithological Journals—A New Opening by the MDPI with the Birds Journal
Authors: Jokimäki Jukka
Published: September 2020

Before I started to produce this Editorial article for the new ornithological open access journal, Birds, of the MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), I read a fascinating book about the history of ornithology by Michael Walters [...]
Identification of Plastic Type and Surface Roughness of Film-Type Plastics in Water Using Kramers–Kronig Analysis
Authors: Kanyathare Boniphace Elphace , Asamoah Benjamin , Ishaq Muhammad Umair , Amoani James , Räty Jukka , Peiponen Kai-Erik
Published: September 2020

The knowledge of the plastic type, thickness, and the nature of the surface is important towards the monitoring of microplastic pollution in water bodies, especially when vis-NIR spectroscopy is utilized. Factors such as complex environment and surface roughness induced-light scattering of the probing light limit the optical detection of these parameters in in-situ measurements, however. In this paper, a novel application of Kramers–Kronig analysis was exploited to identify both smooth and rough film-type macroplastics with unknown thickness. This method is particularly useful in the in-situ identification of unknown film-like macroplastics; although the sample is large, the ratio function is detected from an area that corresponds to the size of a MP. Therefore, it can be applied for the case of large size MPs. The validity of the method was demonstrated using transmittance data for smooth and roughened plastics given in Kanyathare et al., 2020.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Based on Crushed Sand Combined with Alluvial Sand
Authors: Elat Emmanuel , Pliya Prosper , Pierre Alexandre , Mbessa Michel , Noumowé Albert
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to reduce the overexploitation of river sand by proposing a combination of crushed sand and river sand to develop an optimal mix design for concrete. The approach used consisted of a physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of aggregates from three quarries located in Yaoundé (Cameroon), followed by the formulation of concrete by substituting 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, and 0% of the river sand with crushed sand. A physical and mechanical characterization of the concrete was carried out, as well as a microstructural characterization using SEM/EDS. The results showed that the concrete made of crushed sand only had a higher drying shrinkage at a young age compared to the river sand concrete. Compared to conventional concrete (made using 100% of river sand), the concrete with 50% crushed sand reduces its slump value, has a lower porosity, and has a compressive strength value of 26.3 MPa at 28 days, which is very similar to that of conventional concrete (26.7 MPa). Moreover, it was found that the strength of the concrete increased by 14.4% and 20.6%, respectively, for concrete without crushed sand (BSR0) and concrete with 50% crushed sand (BSR50) by increasing the curing age from 28 to 90 days. The static modulus of elasticity for conventional concrete BSR0 and BSR50 concrete with 50% crushed sand at 90 days was 23.7 and 21.8 GPa, respectively. Thus, combining crushed sand with alluvial sand is a good method to reduce the depletion of alluvial sands in Cameroon.
The Operational Choi–Jamiołkowski Isomorphism
Authors: Adlam Emily
Published: September 2020

In this article, I use an operational formulation of the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism to explore an approach to quantum mechanics in which the state is not the fundamental object. I first situate this project in the context of generalized probabilistic theories and argue that this framework may be understood as a means of drawing conclusions about the intratheoretic causal structure of quantum mechanics which are independent of any specific ontological picture. I then give an operational formulation of the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism and show that, in an operational theory which exhibits this isomorphism, several features of the theory which are usually regarded as properties of the quantum state can be derived from constraints on non-local correlations. This demonstrates that there is no need to postulate states to be the bearers of these properties, since they can be understood as consequences of a fundamental equivalence between multipartite and temporal correlations.
Game-Theory Based V2G Coordination Strategy for Providing Ramping Flexibility in Power Systems
Authors: Zhang Jin , Che Liang , Wang Lei , K. Madawala Udaya
Published: September 2020

Large-scale integration of renewable generation into power systems invariably affects the system ramping capability. However, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept that allows for using electric vehicles (EVs) as energy storages with the capability of bidirectional energy transfer between the EVs and the grid, can be employed to mitigate the above adverse effect. This paper proposes a game-theory-based V2G coordination strategy that uses EV clusters to improve ramping flexibility in power systems. In the proposed strategy, the V2G concept, representing the interactions between the distribution system operator (DSO) and EV clusters, is formulated as a Stackelberg game. The DSO acts as a leader who decides the charging prices for the buses to which the EV clusters are connected, while the EV clusters simply serve as followers, scheduling their own charging and discharging. This bi-level model is further reduced to a single-level, mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, the strong duality theorem and second-order cone (SOC) relaxation. The performance of the proposed V2G coordination strategy on a modified IEEE 33-bus system connecting EV clusters and PV generations is investigated through simulations, and the results demonstrate that the largest ramp of the system can be reduced by up to 39% when EV clusters are providing flexibility, while the EV clusters can also have greatly reduced charging costs.
Data-Driven Digital Twins for Technical Building Services Operation in Factories: A Cooling Tower Case Study
Authors: Blume Christine , Blume Stefan , Thiede Sebastian , Herrmann Christoph
Published: September 2020

Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) and digital twins (DT) with a data-driven core enable retrospective analyses of acquired data to achieve a pervasive system understanding and can further support prospective operational management in production systems. Cost pressure and environmental compliances sensitize facility operators for energy and resource efficiency within the whole life cycle while achieving reliability requirements. In manufacturing systems, technical building services (TBS) such as cooling towers (CT) are drivers of resource demands while they fulfil a vital mission to keep the production running. Data-driven approaches, such as data mining (DM), help to support operators in their daily business. Within this paper the development of a data-driven DT for TBS operation is presented and applied on an industrial CT case study located in Germany. It aims to improve system understanding and performance prediction as essentials for a successful operational management. The approach comprises seven consecutive steps in a broadly applicable workflow based on the CRISP-DM paradigm. Step by step, the workflow is explained including a tailored data pre-processing, transformation and aggregation as well as feature selection procedure. The graphical presentation of interim results in portfolio diagrams, heat maps and Sankey diagrams amongst others to enhance the intuitive understanding of the procedure. The comparative evaluation of selected DM algorithms confirms a high prediction accuracy for cooling capacity (R2 = 0.96) by using polynomial regression and electric power demand (R2 = 0.99) by linear regression. The results are evaluated graphically and the transfer into industrial practice is discussed conclusively.
Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Clay-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites Using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zazoum Bouchaib , Triki Ennouri , Bachri Abdel
Published: September 2020

Due to the non-linear characteristics of the processing parameters, predicting the desired properties of nanocomposites using the conventional regression approach is often unsatisfactory. Thus, it is essential to use a machine learning approach to determine the optimum processing parameters. In this study, a backpropagation deep neural network (DNN) with nanoclay and compatibilizer content, and processing parameters as input, was developed to predict the mechanical properties, including tensile modulus and tensile strength, of clay-reinforced polyethylene nanocomposites. The high accuracy of the developed model proves that DNN can be used as an efficient tool for predicting mechanical properties of the nanocomposites in terms of four independent parameters.
The Training and Use of ICT in Teaching Perceptions of Melilla’s (Spain) Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Gómez-García Melchor , Hossein-Mohand Hossein , Trujillo-Torres Juan Manuel , Hossein-Mohand Hassan
Published: September 2020

Currently, information and communication technology (ICT) has acquired an important role in education. The incorporation of ICT by mathematics teachers has been a challenge as it requires an improvement in their knowledge of the use of new technologies. We aimed to examine the most relevant items of the indicators related to teaching mathematics and ICT, to estimate the relationships between teachers individually and by clusters, and to analyze the incidence of age variables, teaching experience, and gender in this study. A total of 73 high school teachers were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated questionnaire was used to assess mathematics and teaching practice, use, resources, and domain of ICT. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the associations among variables of the present study. The application of ICT to teaching was associated with the use of ICT resources in the classroom and indicated that teachers made more choice in selecting a variety of software than electing different hardware devices. Teachers combined technology with educational platforms to improve student learning in mathematics. The general perception of mathematics teachers about their digital competence does not match with models employed in the classroom. Gender was not an influencing factor.
Exertional Heat Illness Preparedness Strategies: Environmental Monitoring Policies in United States High Schools
Authors: Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Belval Luke N. , Yeargin Susan W. , Hosokawa Yuri , Kerr Zachary Y. , Casa Douglas J.
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives: Environmental monitoring allows for an analysis of the ambient conditions affecting a physically active person’s ability to thermoregulate and can be used to assess exertional heat illness risk. Using public health models such as the precaution adoption process model (PAPM) can help identify individual’s readiness to act to adopt environmental monitoring policies for the safety of high school athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adoption of policies and procedures used for monitoring and modifying activity in the heat in United States (US) high schools. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we distributed an online questionnaire to athletic trainers (ATs) working in high schools in the US. The questionnaire was developed based on best practice standards related to environmental monitoring and modification of activity in the heat as outlined in the 2015 National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illness. The PAPM was used to frame questions as it allows for the identification of ATs’ readiness to act. PAPM includes eight stages: unaware of the need for the policy, unaware if the school has this policy, unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, acting, and maintaining. Invitations were sent via email and social media and resulted in 529 complete responses. Data were aggregated and presented as proportions. Results: Overall, 161 (161/529, 30.4%) ATs report they do not have a written policy and procedure for the prevention and management of exertional heat stroke. The policy component with the highest adoption was modifying the use of protective equipment (acting = 8.2%, maintaining = 77.5%). In addition, 28% of ATs report adoption of all seven components for a comprehensive environmental monitoring policy. Conclusions: These findings indicate a lack of adoption of environmental monitoring policies in US high schools. Secondarily, the PAPM, facilitators and barriers data highlight areas to focus future efforts to enhance adoption.
The wPDI Redox Cycle Coupled Conformational Change of the Repetitive Domain of the HMW-GS 1Dx5—A Computational Study
Authors: Gao Jihui , Yu Peixuan , Liang Hongrui , Fu Jiahui , Luo Ziyue , Yang Dong
Published: September 2020

The repetitive sequence of glutenin plays an important role in dough rheology; however, its interaction with wheat protein disulfide isomerase (wPDI) remains unclear. In this study, the conformations of wild type glutenin repetitive sequence (WRS) from the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5, an artificially designed glutenin repetitive sequence (DRS) of which the amino acid composition is the same but the primary structure is different, and wPDI under different redox states were simulated. The molecular interactions between the aforementioned repetitive sequences with wPDI under different redox states were further investigated. The results indicated that the repetitive sequences bind to the b and b′ domains of an “open”, oxidized wPDI (wPDIO) which serves as the acceptor state of substrate. The repetitive sequence is partially folded (compressed) in wPDIO, and is further folded in the thermodynamically favored, subsequent conformational transition of wPDIO to reduced wPDI (wPDIR). Compared with the artificially designed one, the naturally designed repetitive sequence is better recognized and more intensively folded by wPDI for its later unfold as the molecular basis of dough extension.
Molecular Recalcitrance of Hair Passing the Digestive System of a Canid
Authors: Tintner Johannes , Hatlauf Jennifer , Weber Heidi , Lanszki József
Published: September 2020

Hair is an important component in scat that is commonly used for prey analyses in carnivores. Chemically, hair predominately consists of keratin. The recalcitrant fiber protein is degraded in nature only by a few insects and soil microorganisms. Common proteases such as pepsin do not decompose keratin. Infrared spectroscopy was used to detect chemical differences caused by pretreatment and fate of hairs. Three sample sets were compared: original untreated hair, original milled hair, and hairs extracted from scats of golden jackals (Canis aureus L.). The results revealed that only milling affected the infrared spectral pattern, whereas digestion had no impact. Moreover, hairs from different species (e.g., boar) could be distinguished due to their spectral characteristics. They did not change through the passage of the digestive system.
Synthesis, Internalization and Visualization of N-(4-Carbomethoxy) Pyrrolidone Terminated PAMAM [G5:G3-TREN] Tecto(dendrimers) in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Studzian Maciej , Działak Paula , Pułaski Łukasz , Hedstrand David M. , Tomalia Donald A. , Klajnert-Maculewicz Barbara
Published: September 2020

Tecto(dendrimers) are well-defined, dendrimer cluster type covalent structures. In this article, we present the synthesis of such a PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer). This tecto(dendrimer) exhibits nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL; excitation 376 nm; emission 455 nm) that has been attributed to three fluorescent components characterized by different fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, it has been shown that this PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) is able to form a polyplex with double stranded DNA, and is nontoxic for HeLa and HMEC-1 cells up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL, even though it accumulates in endosomal compartments as demonstrated by its unique NTIL emission properties. Many of the above features would portend the proposed use of this tecto(dendrimer) as an efficient transfection agent. Quite surprisingly, transfection activity could not be demonstrated in HeLa cells, and the possible reasons are discussed in the article.
Hyaluronic Acid Loaded with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Antioxidant in Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Chondrocytes Injury: An In Vitro Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Lin Yi-Wen , Fang Chih-Hsiang , Meng Fan-Qi , Ke Cherng-Jyh , Lin Feng-Huei
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease type and is accompanied by varying degrees of functional limitation. Both hyaluronic acid (HA) joint injections and pain relievers are efficient treatments for early-stage osteoarthritis. However, for the decomposition by hyaluronidase and free radicals in the knee joint, HA injection treatment has limited effect time. The cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) is a long time free radical scavenger. CeO2 combined with HA expected, may extend the HA decomposition time and have a positive effect on osteoarthritis therapy. In this study, CeO2 was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method with a particle size of about 120 nm, which possessed excellent dispersibility in the culture medium. The in vitro OA model was established by cell treated with H2O2 for 30 min. Our study found that the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation dose-dependently increased with H2O2 concentration but was significantly decreased by supplementation of cerium oxide nanoparticles. COL2a1 and ACAN gene expression in chondrocytes was significantly decreased after H2O2 treatment; however, the tendency was changed after cerium oxide nanoparticles treatment, which suggested that damaged chondrocytes were protected against oxidative stress. These findings suggest that cerium oxide nanoparticles are potential therapeutic applications in the early stage of OA.
Detecting Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Models and Patients
Authors: Sidorova Yulia , Domanskyi Andrii
Published: September 2020

Oxidative stress is prominent in many neurodegenerative diseases. Along with mitochondrial dysfunction and pathological protein aggregation, increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, together with impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, are frequently observed in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The presence of oxidative stress markers in patients’ plasma and cerebrospinal fluid may aid early disease diagnoses, as well as provide clues regarding the efficacy of experimental disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials. In preclinical animal models, the detection and localization of oxidatively damaged lipids, proteins and nucleic acids helps to identify most vulnerable neuronal populations and brain areas, and elucidate the molecular pathways and the timeline of pathology progression. Here, we describe the protocol for the detection of oxidative stress markers using immunohistochemistry on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, applicable to the analysis of postmortem samples and tissues from animal models. In addition, we provide a simple method for the detection of malondialdehyde in tissue lysates and body fluids, which is useful for screening and the identification of tissues and structures in the nervous system which are most affected by oxidative stress.