bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Defence of Anachronism
Authors: Pickavé Martin
Published: January 2022

In this short contribution I argue that the history of philosophy has much to gain from an engagement with the questions and conceptual tools of contemporary (analytic) philosophy. In particular I argue against the view that the historian of philosophy’s engagement with contemporary philosophy necessarily leads to anachronism. Whatever the risks of failure, they seem to be outweighed by the potential for insight. Advocates of a “purely” historical approach to the history of philosophy defend their approach by pointing to the idea that the history of philosophy can and should be studied on its own terms and independently of our current philosophical interests. I try to show that this is an illusion.
Ockham : mots, concepts et réalités
Authors: Lafleur Claude , Carrier Joanne
Published: January 2022

Suivant l’ordre traditionnel à son époque d’un cours sur la « Vieille Logique », ou Ars Vetus, Ockham, après avoir commenté l’Isagoge de Porphyre et les Catégories d’Aristote, en vient à son Expositio in librum Perihermenias Aristotelis, dont on offre ici une traduction française et une édition orthographique de la partie considérée alors comme le Proême (le chapitre 1 de l’édition Bekker, 16a1-18, pour nous célèbre à cause du « triangle sémiotique » des signes écrits, vocaux et mentaux, en rapport, en tenant compte des réalités [pragmata, res], avec la vérité et la fausseté), une partie divisée elle-même en trois parties (Bekker 16a1-2, 3-9, 9- 16) — l’exégèse du Vénérable incepteur insistant très fortement sur le début de la deuxième partie (16a3-4, donc sur deux lignes) et, de façon notable, encore plus spécialement sur ce que signifie une « passion de l’âme », autrement dit, pour Ockham lui-même et surtout pour nous, un « concept » (une exégèse remarquable dont la structure et la reprise sont aussi considérées).
Effectivité d’un accord-cadre international : influence des positionnements, des comportements et des interactions des acteurs
Authors: Barreau Jocelyne , Havard Christelle , Ngaha Bah1 Angélique
Published: January 2022

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les facteurs influençant l’effectivité d’un accord-cadre international (ACI). L’effectivité est analysée à l’aune de la mise en conformité des pratiques locales de gestion du travail avec les engagements pris dans l’ACI. Considérant la négociation comme un processus, composé de trois phases (avant-négociation, négociation stricto sensu, après-négociation) et ancré dans un contexte, nous élaborons un modèle d’analyse inspiré des études de processus stratégiques (process studies). Ce modèle met en lumière l’influence des positionnements, des comportements et des interactions des protagonistes de la négociation et de l’application d’un ACI sur son effectivité. Nous détaillons les processus de négociation de quatre ACI, conclus au cours des années 2010, par deux firmes multinationales (FMN) françaises et deux fédérations syndicales internationales (FSI). Ces ACI portent sur des thématiques de gestion du travail (santé et sécurité au travail, égalité femmes-hommes, emploi durable). Cette recherche repose sur une analyse de documents, d’observations et de 38 entretiens, menés auprès de syndicalistes internationaux, européens, nationaux, locaux et de membres des directions générales (DG) de ces FMN. Elle porte une attention particulière à la phase de l’avant-négociation et met en exergue les interactions entre les acteurs managériaux et syndicaux, tout au long du processus de négociation. Nous montrons que le positionnement de la DG de la FMN (« social » ou « managérial ») est un facteur décisif du déroulement de la négociation d’un ACI, de son résultat (accord « substantif ») et de son effectivité. Le positionnement « qualitatif » de la FSI peut être un élément essentiel du déroulement de la négociation (par le choix de la thématique de l’ACI) et de son résultat (dispositions portant sur des sujets sensibles). Enfin, la mobilisation des syndicats locaux, soutenue par la FSI, est essentielle à l’effectivité d’un ACI. Nous révélons des processus d’apprentissage et des particularités des ACI et de la NCI.
Extragenital lichen sclerosus of the breast and silicone breast implants
Authors: Goldman Alberto , Wollina Uwe
Published: January 2022

Lichen sclerosus of the breast (LSB) is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis of an incompletely understood pathogenesis. Herein, we report the case of a 29-year-old female who developed LSB 23 years after a silicone breast implant. A diagnostic skin biopsy revealed the typical three-layered pathology of an atrophic epidermis with the loss of rete ridges and basal keratinocyte vacuolization, a subepidermal band of sclerosis, and a lichenoid infiltrate of lymphocytes beneath that band. We discuss the possible relationship between silicone breast implants and autoimmune disorders.
Chronic dermatophytosis: A clinical, epidemiological, mycological study
Authors: Mancy Abdullah
Published: January 2022

Background: Dermatophytes are a common cause of superficial fungal infection of the skin. The emergence of epidemic-like attacks of those chronic and recurring represents a public health problem. Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients with suspected fungal infection of the skin attending the Dermatology and Venereology Department of Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital were examined. Fifty-nine patients with chronic dermatophytosis were selected for the study and fifty of those were subjected for culture. History taking and a physical examination were conducted for all patients. A wet mount of 10% potassium hydroxide and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar was done for selected cases. Results: Among 59 patients with chronic infections, the main age group affected was 29 years old, with a nearly equal sex ratio. The mean duration of the illness was 1.2 years. Tinea corporis was the most common type. The Trichophyton genera were the most common (65%), and Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the most common species isolated (46%). Conclusion: Multiple factors have been associated with the appearance of epidemic-like attacks of chronic dermatophyte infections in Iraq in the last several years. Herein, we would like to shed light on these factors and the pathogens responsible.
Del repositorio público al aula universitaria: estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional en la Biblioteca Nacional, Estados Unidos de Colombia, 1870-1874
Authors: Ardila Javier Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Objective/Context: This article examines the presence of students from the National University among the readers of the National Library during the first half of the 1870s. Although some contemporary observers considered the library to be inoperative, the institution was an active agent in the circulation of books in Bogotá: a space of student sociability and a place of university knowledge. Methodology: First, the paper examines the institutional relationship between the library and the university. Then, it characterizes the students and their readings at the library. Finally, it analyzes the recorded readings in relation to the programs of courses taught at the National University, the academic performance of students, the presentation of public speeches, and library attendance by students from regions other than Bogotá and its surroundings. Originality: In a scenario of educational reforms promoted by liberal governments during the 1870s, the National Library was described as “anachronistic” and “useless” by the agents themselves of the nineteenth century. These critical judgments have become a commonplace in historiography. The analysis of new documents, especially library reader records—an unpublished source—, enriches the field of reading appropriation and offers empirical elements that vindicate the institution’s centrality at a time of political and ideological struggles. Conclusions: The article demonstrates that young students at the National University used books from the public repository in academic spaces of professional training, which calls into question the idea of its inoperative character as well as the reasons that originated this liberal criticism.
Del trabajo productivo y motivado al imperativo psicológico del descanso: Medellín, 1928-1975
Authors: Castaño González Eugenio
Published: January 2022

Objective/Context: This article analyzes how work was valued as a socializing, adaptive, and objectified resource by a set of psychological discourses and practices in Medellín between 1928 and 1975, seeking to offer an account of the gradual process of psychologization of the work environment in that city during the proposed period. Methodology: To the effect, a detailed bibliographical review was carried out, gathering written sources, particularly theses, newspapers, and magazines. The analysis and systematization of this information reveals how worker emotionality was the object of a set of psychological therapies and observations on psychosomatic conditions, as part of an exercise of growing responsibility over oneself. Originality: There is little concern in national historiography about examining in depth the forms of labor performance management through psychological discourses and practices. Hence, the novelty and relevance of this article lies in the study of historical relations between power and knowledge, between “psi” discourses and practices and labor productivity. In other words, the article is relevant in that it explores how the reality of the world of work has been incorporated into contemporary performance imperatives. Conclusions: The article evidences a progressive emotional intervention that optimized behaviors and gave rise to a new work ethic. Enthusiasm for productive work was built under criteria of knowledge of personality, social valorization, growing emotional management, and demand for regulated rest. The gradual psychologization of the work environment also sought to establish a device for detecting and calibrating emotional ailments triggered by excesses in work and the surrounding social environment.
Cartas para la Historia en el mundo 2.0: la construcción y estudio de un corpus epistolar digital hispano-luso de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Martínez Martín Laura , Adámez Castro Guadalupe
Published: January 2022

Objective/Context: The text proposes a journey through the methodology and work process followed in the Post Scriptum. A Digital Archive of Ordinary Writings (Early Modern in Spain and Portugal) project, which led to the formation of a digital epistolary corpus—now available online—from funds preserved in judicial archives during the Modern Age in the Iberian Peninsula. Based on a practical case, the paper reflects on the reality of the fieldwork carried out in order to build a digital corpus, as well as on its strengths and weaknesses, which allows a first-hand insight of some changes and challenges of the digital revolution we are immersed in. Methodology: Advances in the field of Digital Humanities are taken as a starting point to examine the multidisciplinarity that characterizes both the corpus formation process and the possibilities for its analysis and study. Originality: The paper describes the complete work process involved in the transformation of primary sources into digital sources in an innovative project in the field of Digital Humanities; it also reflects on problems faced by historians in working with private letters produced by common people (sixteenth-nineteenth centuries), which range from the location of these sources to their selection, digitization, editing, treatment, and subsequent study. Conclusions: In addition to describing the process of transforming sources into a digital corpus and the possibilities of its analysis, the article evidences different analytical ways. Likewise, it addresses the wealth of archives as essential repositories for recovering private and ordinary epistolary sources while also reflecting on the future of their conservation in the digital environment.
The Health Status of Labor Force in East Kalimantan Province: Effect of Individual Characteristics and Household Conditions
Authors: Heizer Jaka Eben , Budiono Budiono , Hadiyanto Ferry , Pitriyan Pipit , Siregar Adiatma Yudistira Manogar
Published: January 2022

The aims of this research are first, to explore the factors that are associated with health status. Second, to address the individual characteristics and household conditions that affect the health status of labor force, taking into account the urban-rural differences. This research utilized data from SUSENAS Cor 2018, and employed a cross sectional - multinomial logistic regression analysis method. The dependent variable is the health conditions of the labor force. The findings show that, age and number of household members were significant for both sick and very sick health status in all two type of areas analyzed. In urban and rural areas simultaneously gender, expenditure per capita, and drinking water were only significant for sick health group while marital status, education, employment status, sanitation, house area was only significant for very sick health status group. In urban areas, the results indicated that gender, employment status, and drinking water were only significant for sick health status, while marital status, education, sanitation, and house area significant for very sick health status. Moreover, in rural areas, marital status was only significant for sick health status whereas, sanitation and house area were significant for the very sick health status.
Kajian Sistematis: Perkembangan Sistem Pembayaran Kapitasi Berbasis Penyesuaian Risiko di Berbagai Negara
Authors: Agustina Aulia , Hidayat Budi , Noormanadi Pandujiwo
Published: January 2022

Kapitasi merupakan salah satu metode pembayaran yang dilakukan kepada penyedia layanan kesehatan primer. Penerapan kapitasi yang tidak berdasarkan penyesuaian risiko dapat menimbulkan dampak  negatif. Terdapat beberapa bentuk penyesuaian risiko terhadap pembayaran kapitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan sistem pembayaran kapitasi dengan penyesuaian risiko pada pelayanan primer yang digunakan di beberapa negara. Penyusunan kajian sistematis ini menggunakan metode PRISMA. Kajian sistematis dilakukan dengan mengambil artikel dari tiga online database yaitu Pubmed, EBSCOhost Medline, dan Scopus. Dari 212 artikel yang diperoleh, terdapat 7 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Kajian sistematis difokuskan pada model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko. Didapatkan model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko dari yang sederhana hingga yang kompleks. Kesimpulan dari kajian sistematis ini yaitu faktor risiko yang paling sering dipakai adalah usia dan jenis kelamin. Model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko terus mengalami perkembangan sehingga penting untuk melakukan pembaharuan dan penyesuaian secara berkala. Dengan melihat berbagai kelebihan yang ada dalam penerapan model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko tersebut, dapat menjadi acuan bagi negara yang ingin mendapatkan formulasi kebijakan kapitasi dengan penyesuaian risiko yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan sesuai dengan kondisi masing-masing negara.
PI-SiO2/NiI2 colorimetric humidity sensor with fast response and recovery
Authors: Xu Shi-Yao , Wu Yi-Wei , Zhou Yan , Yin Xiang-Yang , Gan Li , Li Ya-Juan , Liu Ming-Yu , Song Hong-Jia , Wang Jin-Bin , Zhong Xiang-Li ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Published: January 2022

The organic-inorganic hybrid colorimetric humidity sensor which can obtain environmental humidity by electrical signals and color changes has broad application prospects in the field of humidity monitoring because of its high feature color discrimination, excellent stability, and simple preparation process. However, its long response-recovery time is generally not conducive to real-time humidity monitoring. In this paper, nanometer silica particles are doped into polyimide(PI)-nickel(II) iodide(NiI2) organic-inorganic hybrid materials to fabricate PI-SiO2/NiI2 composite films and colorimetric humidity sensors. Then their surface morphologies and humidity sensing properties are studied. It is found that PI-SiO2/NiI2 film possesses a honeycomb-like surface morphology, the humidity sensitivity of PI-SiO2/NiI2 colorimetric humidity sensor is better than that of other NiI2 based humidity sensors, its characteristic color is distinct in a range of 11%–97% RH humidity, and the humidity response time of the PI-SiO2/NiI2 colorimetric humidity sensor is less than 1.5 s, and the recovery time is less than 18 s. The research result indicates that the doping of nanometer silica particles can effectively improve response-recovery properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid colorimetric humidity sensor, which is helpful in improving the performance of the sensor.
Identitet, konflikt og veien hjem. Stemmer i nyere samisk ungdomslitteratur
Authors: Kolberg Asbjørn Rørslett
Published: January 2022

Artikkelen undersøker hvordan samisk identitet og tilhørighet tematiseres i fire samiske ungdomsromaner: Slepp meg (2018) og Det Sara skjuler (2019) av Kathrine Nedrejord, Hamburgerprinsessa ([2017] 2019) av  Saia Stueng og Bara dra (2018) av Ann-Helén Laestadius. Romanene blir lest med vekt på fortellerstemme, framstilling av kropp og sted, og identitetsutvikling i lys av tradisjonelle narrative mønster. Videre drøftes romanene i postkolonialt perspektiv med spørsmål om tekstene kan sies å representere det litteraturviteren Homi K. Bhaba kaller det tredje rommet, der kulturelle identiteter ikke er en gitt størrelse, men noe dynamisk, noe som er gjenstand for forhandling. Til slutt argumenteres for lesning av samisk barne- og ungdomslitteratur i skolen.
The Virgin Mary (Panagia/Theotokos) in Modern Greek Incantations: The Sacred Afflicted
Authors:   University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Passalis Haralampos
Published: January 2022

Sacred personae of the officially recognized religious systems often appear in charms in order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the ritual. Their appearance is particularly common in Greek narrative charms where they often assume the role of the auxiliary agent who expels the malevolent factor and provides a cure to the afflicted person. In this context, the appearance of Christ, the Virgin Mary, Angels, Archangels, the Apostles, as well as various saints, is also quite frequent. There is, however, a peculiarity in terms of the role that the figure of the Virgin Mary (Panagia, Theotokos) assumes. This holy figure can not only assume the role of an auxiliary sacred agent who provides a cure to the afflicted person, but also the role of the afflicted, seeking healing treatment by another holy figure. Worth mentioning in the last case is that this affliction could have as its source another sacred figure such as the Apostles or even the Angels. In which particular charm-types does the Virgin Mary appear as the afflicted person? Which are the factors leading to the onset of this affliction and which are the symptoms experienced by the holy figure? How is this affliction cured and by whom? How could we, finally, explain this ambiguity of the Virgin Mary (Panagia) who appears to be standing in a liminal and transitional space between the sacred and the secular, divine and human, healer and afflicted? These are some of the questions that this article seeks to examine and answer.
Going Back to the Manuscripts: an Interview with Lea T. Olsan
Authors:   University of Tartu, Estonia, Roper Jonathan
Published: January 2022

In the first of what is to be hoped will be the first in a series of interviews with charms researchers about their scholarly life and work, we present an interview with Lea T. Olsan conducted remotely (via Skype) by Jonathan Roper in October 2020. Lea is one of the earliest members of the Committee for Charms, Charmers and Charming, having attended the first meeting in London almost twenty years ago. A medievalist and manuscript scholar, she moved from America to Cambridge almost twenty years ago. She and her husband Peter are familiar figures at our conferences.
Ambient intelligence governance review: from service-oriented to self-service
Authors: Ponce Victor , Abdulrazak Bessam
Published: January 2022

The current generation of connected devices and the Internet of Things augment people’s capabilities through ambient intelligence. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) support systems contain applications consuming available services in the environment to serve users. A well-known design of these applications follows a service architecture style and implement artificial intelligence mechanisms to maintain an awareness of the context: The service architecture style enables the distribution of capabilities and facilitates interoperability. Intelligence and context-awareness provide an adaptation of the environment to improve the interaction. Smart objects in distributed deployments and the increasing machine awareness of devices and people context also lead us to architectures, including self-governed policies providing self-service. We have systematically reviewed and analyzed ambient system governance considering service-oriented architecture (SOA) as a reference model. We applied a systematic mapping process obtaining 198 papers for screening (out of 712 obtained after conducting searches in research databases). We then reviewed and categorized 68 papers related to 48 research projects selected by fulfilling ambient intelligence and SOA principles and concepts. This paper presents the result of our analysis, including the existing governance designs, the distribution of adopted characteristics, and the trend to incorporate service in the context-aware process. We also discuss the identified challenges and analyze research directions.
CTRP3 as a novel biomarker in the plasma of Saudi children with autism
Authors: Alhakbany Manan , Al-Ayadhi Laila , El-Ansary Afaf
Published: January 2022

Background

C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) has diverse functions: anti-inflammation, metabolic regulation, and protection against endothelial dysfunction.

Methods

The plasma level of CTRP3 in autistic patients (n = 32) was compared to that in controls (n = 37) using ELISA.

Results

CTRP3 was higher (24.7% with P < 0.05) in autistic patients than in controls. No association was observed between CTRP3 and the severity of the disorder using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). A positive correlation between CARs and the age of patients was reported. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated a low area under the curve (AUC) for all patients (0.636). Low AUCs were also found in the case of severe patients (0.659) compared to controls, but both values were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Despite the small sample size, we are the first to find an association between CTRP3 and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
A decision support system for primary headache developed through machine learning
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Bao Guanshui , Yan Mengxia , Lin Guiming
Published: January 2022

Background

Primary headache is a disorder with a high incidence and low diagnostic accuracy; the incidence of migraine and tension-type headache ranks first among primary headaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) decision support systems have shown great potential in the medical field. Therefore, we attempt to use machine learning to build a clinical decision-making system for primary headaches.

Methods

The demographic data and headache characteristics of 173 patients were collected by questionnaires. Decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) models were used to construct a discriminant model and a confusion matrix was used to calculate the evaluation indicators of the models. Furthermore, we have carried out feature selection through univariate statistical analysis and machine learning.

Results

In the models, the accuracy, F1 score were calculated through the confusion matrix. The logistic regression model has the best discrimination effect, with the accuracy reaching 0.84 and the area under the ROC curve also being the largest at 0.90. Furthermore, we identified the most important factors for distinguishing the two disorders through statistical analysis and machine learning: nausea/vomiting and photophobia/phonophobia. These two factors represent potential independent factors for the identification of migraines and tension-type headaches, with the accuracy reaching 0.74 and the area under the ROC curve being at 0.74.

Conclusions

Applying machine learning to the decision-making system for primary headaches can achieve a high diagnostic accuracy. Among them, the discrimination effect obtained by the integrated algorithm is significantly better than that of a single learner. Second, nausea/vomiting, photophobia/phonophobia may be the most important factors for distinguishing migraine from tension-type headaches.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Inflammation Quantification Using Computer Vision
Authors: Guan Steven , Mehta Bella , Slater David , Thompson James R. , DiCarlo Edward , Pannellini Tania , Pearce‐Fisher Diyu , Zhang Fan , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Hale Caryn , Jiang Caroline S. , Goodman Susan , Orange Dana E.
Published: January 2022

Objective

We quantified inflammatory burden in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue by using computer vision to automate the process of counting individual nuclei in hematoxylin and eosin images.

Methods

We adapted and applied computer vision algorithms to quantify nuclei density (count of nuclei per unit area of tissue) on synovial tissue from arthroplasty samples. A pathologist validated algorithm results by labeling nuclei in synovial images that were mislabeled or missed by the algorithm. Nuclei density was compared with other measures of RA inflammation such as semiquantitative histology scores, gene‐expression data, and clinical measures of disease activity.

Results

The algorithm detected a median of 112,657 (range 8,160‐821,717) nuclei per synovial sample. Based on pathologist‐validated results, the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm was 97% and 100%, respectively. The mean nuclei density calculated by the algorithm was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in synovium with increased histology scores for lymphocytic inflammation, plasma cells, and lining hyperplasia. Analysis of RNA sequencing identified 915 significantly differentially expressed genes in correlation with nuclei density (false discovery rate is less than 0.05). Mean nuclei density was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with elevated levels of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and cyclized citrullinated protein antibody.

Conclusion

Nuclei density is a robust measurement of inflammatory burden in RA and correlates with multiple orthogonal measurements of inflammation.
Superior Electromagnetic Shielding and Mechanical Buffering Achieved by Alternating Conductive and Porous Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Yang Benqiang , Dai Keren , Bi Lei , Zhang Wenling , Li Changsheng , Zhang Jinming , Yu Da , Wang Jiong , Zhang He
Published: January 2022

The development of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), and superior mechanical performance is of great importance in daily life and in the military, where they are used for intelligent transportation systems and ammunition. Generally, shielding performances can be realized via reflection loss and absorption loss. However, it is still a challenge to enhance these two kinds of electromagnetic wave loss in the same material at the same time to achieve ideal shielding performance. Herein, a flexible Ag NDs/CNT@PC/Ni‐9 film composed of five conductive layers and four porous layers is prepared by alternating Ag NDs/CNT layers and PC/Ni layers through self‐assembly. The obtained film with a thickness of 890 μm exhibits a remarkable SE performance of 138 dB in the X‐band. Additionally, with a series of continuous volcanic mechanical impacts (>10 000 g), the maximum instantaneous acceleration is decreased by 30.02% due to the buffering of the film, which constitutes a much‐improved energy absorption cushion relative to that of traditional buffering materials, such as foam metal and rubber. A material integrated with strong EMI shielding and high mechanical shock resistance is designed, which provides an effective strategy for the development of functional materials for extreme environments.
Hydrothermal Deposition of PCN‐224 on 3D‐Printed Porous β‐Ca2SiO4 Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Du Jianhang , Liu Weiye , Kang Zhanrong , Yu Bin , Li Dejian , Ding Huifeng , Huang Jianming
Published: January 2022

3D‐printed bioceramics derived from silicone resin are of great interest in bone tissue engineering owing to their simple processes and low cost. Herein, PCN‐224, as a subclass of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), is successfully fabricated and deposited on the surface of 3D‐printed porous β‐Ca2SiO4 (C2S) scaffolds. The composite scaffolds possess uniform interconnected macropores (≈400 μm), with increased porosity and slower degradation. The results indicate that deposition of PCN‐224 significantly promotes cell proliferation and the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Moreover, the composite scaffolds significantly improve calvarial defect healing in rats, compared with C2S scaffolds. Therefore, the PCN‐224‐modified 3D‐printed porous C2S composite scaffolds are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Intramolecular Heck Dearomative Silylation of Indoles
Authors: Wang Gang , Wei Mingzhu , Liu Tianxiang , Jin Weiwei , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Liu Chenjiang
Published: January 2022

A palladium‐catalyzed stereoselective intramolecular Heck dearomative of indoles with silyl termination has been developed. A type of tetracyclic indoline derivatives containing silicon were prepared, involving N‐(2‐bromobenzoyl)indoles and silylboronates. This protocol not only led to a broad substrate scope in acceptable yields but also could be scaled up to gram quantities as well as further synthetic transformation.

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Topological Quantum Cathode Materials for Fast Charging Li‐Ion Battery Identified by Machine Learning and First Principles Calculation
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Shuo , Sun Qiang
Published: January 2022

Fast charging electrode materials require excellent ion conductivity as well as high and stable electrical conductivity. However, the main commercial cathode materials are semiconducting transition metal oxides suffering from low electrical conductivity, so cathode materials with good electrical conductivity are highly desirable. It is well‐known that topological quantum materials (TQMs) can exhibit robust electrical conductivity, thus providing a promising solution to this problem. The key question becomes which TQMs can have high ionic conductivity. Herein, such topological quantum cathode materials for fast charging Li‐ion battery are identified by using machine learning combined with first‐principle calculation, where the supervised regression models are trained for diffusion energy barrier prediction. Among 7385 TQMs, 20 materials are found to have a diffusion energy barrier less than 1.0 eV. Especially, LiMnAs exhibits a reversible capacity of 195.9 mAh g−1, higher than that of commercial cathodes while with comparable diffusion energy barrier. Furthermore, LiMnAs shows high interface stability with selected solid lithium metal oxides electrolytes. This study not only opens a new path to developing novel cathode materials, but also expands the applications of TQMs.
Bubble‐scale observations of polyurethane foam expansion
Authors: Roberts Christine , Mondy Lisa , Soehnel Grant , Brady Casper , Shelden Bion , Soehnel Melissa , Garcia Robert , Ortiz Weston , Rao Rekha
Published: January 2022

We describe experiments designed to inform computational models of the dynamic filling process of chemically blown, polyurethane foams, especially subgrid models to predict bubble size affecting foam properties. Three experimental methods are used to observe the evolution of bubble sizes during blowing. Magnified views of bubbles at a transparent wall of a channel are recorded during the foaming. The bubble sizes in the final frame after the expansion has stopped are compared to scanning electron microscope images of the interior of the cured samples to determine wall effects. In addition, diffusing wave spectroscopy is used to determine the average bubble sizes across the width of a similar channel during foam expansion. We conclude that the bubble size distribution is dependent on the formulation of foam being tested, temperature, the height in the foam bar, the proximity to a wall, and the degree of overpacking.
Association of clonal hematopoiesis mutations with clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nowakowska Malgorzata K. , Kim Taebeom , Thompson Mikayla T. , Bolton Kelly L. , Deswal Anita , Lin Steven H. , Scheet Paul , Wehner Mackenzie R. , Nead Kevin T.
Published: January 2022

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations are common among individuals without known hematologic disease. CH mutations have been associated with numerous adverse clinical outcomes across many different studies. We systematically reviewed the available literature for clinical outcomes associated with CH mutations in patients without hematologic disease. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for eligible studies. Three investigators independently extracted the data, and each study was verified by a second author. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. We identified 32 studies with 56 cohorts that examine the association between CH mutations and clinical outcomes. We conducted meta‐analyses comparing outcomes among individuals with and without detectable CH mutations. We conducted meta‐analyses for cardiovascular diseases (nine studies; HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.26–2.07, p = .0002), hematologic malignancies (seven studies; HR = 5.59, 95% CI = 3.31–9.45, p < .0001), therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms (four studies; HR = 7.55, 95% CI = 4.3–13.57, p < .001), and death (nine studies; HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.2–1.5, p < .0001). The cardiovascular disease analysis was further stratified by variant allele fraction (VAF) and gene, which showed a statistically significant association only with a VAF of ≥ 10% (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24–1.62, p < .0001), as well as statistically significant associations for each gene examined with the largest magnitude of effect found for CH mutations in JAK2 (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.84–6.68, p < .0001). Analysis of the association of CH mutations with hematologic malignancy demonstrated a numeric stepwise increase in risk with increasing VAF thresholds. This analysis strongly supports the association of CH mutations with a clinically meaningful increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes among individuals without hematologic disease, particularly with increasing VAF thresholds.
Homogeneously Large Polarons in Aromatic Passivators Improves Charge Transport between Perovskite Grains for >24 % Efficiency in Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Hui , Mu Xijiao , Wang Luyao , Fang Zihan , Zou Xiaoxin , Cao Jing
Published: January 2022

Aromatic passivators, such as porphyrin, with large π‐backbones have attracted considerable attention to boost the charge carrier in polycrystalline perovskite films, thus enabling the fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, they often self‐assemble into supramolecules that probably influence the charge‐transfer process in the perovskite grain boundary. Here, by doping a monoamine Cu porphyrin into perovskite films, two porphyrin‐based self‐assembled supramolecules were successfully prepared between perovskite grains. Crystal structures and theoretical analyses reveal the presence of a stronger interaction between the amine units and the central Cu ions of neighbouring porphyrins in one of the supramolecules. This has a modified effect on the dipole direction of the porphyrins to be quantized as homogeneously large polarons (HLPs) in a periodic lattice. The porphyrin supramolecules can stabilize perovskite grain boundaries to greatly improve the stability of PSCs, while the HLPs‐featured supramolecule facilitates hole transport across perovskite grains to remarkably increase the cell performance to as high as 24.2 %. This work proves that the modulation of the intermolecular interaction of aromatic passivators to yield HLPs is crucial for the cascaded acceleration of charge transport between perovskite grains.
Transient Plasmonic Imaging of Ion Migration on Single Nanoparticles and Insight for Double Layer Dynamics
Authors: Wang Lu‐Xuan , Zhang Miao , Sun Chao , Yin Li‐Xin , Kang Bin , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan
Published: January 2022

Single‐nanoparticle electrochemistry offers electrochemical behaviors of individual entities beyond the ensemble system. An electric double layer (EDL) exists on any charged particle–liquid interface because of counter‐ion accumulation, while direct measuring of the interfacial ion migration remains a challenge. Herein, a plasmonic‐based transient microscopic method, with a temporal resolution of 1–2 μs, was demonstrated to directly track the ion migration dynamics on single charged nanoparticles. We found that the dynamics of EDL formation might deviate significantly from the prediction made by using the classical resistance–capacitance (RC) model under nanoscale and transient conditions. Under ultrafast charging, due to the limit migration rate of ions in the solution, the actual time scale of the EDL formation could be up to 5 times slower than the predicted value from the RC model. We then proposed a new theoretical model to describe the transient dynamics of EDL formation. These results may expand our current knowledge about nano‐electrochemistry and transient electrochemistry.
Topochemical Polymerization of a Diacetylene in a Chalcogen‐Bonded (ChB) Assembly
Authors: Dhaka Arun , Jeon Ie‐Rang , Jeannin Olivier , Aubert Emmanuel , Espinosa Enrique , Fourmigué Marc
Published: January 2022

The successful topochemical polymerization of bis(selenocyanatomethyl)butadyine 1 is achieved upon association in a 1 : 1 co‐crystal with 1,2‐bis(2‐pyridyl)ethylene (2‐bpen) through strong and linear (NC)−Se⋅⋅⋅NPy chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions, allowing for an appropriate parallel alignment of the diacetylene moieties toward the solid‐state reaction. Co‐crystal 1⋅(2‐bpen) undergoes polymerization upon heating at 100 °C. The reaction progress was monitored by IR, DSC and PXRD. An enhancement of the polymer conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude is observed upon iodine doping. Strikingly, the course of polymerization is accompanied with sublimation of the ChB acceptor molecules 2‐bpen, providing the polymer in a pure form with full recovery of the co‐former, at variance with the usual hydrogen‐bonded co‐crystal strategies toward polydiacetylenes.
Adsorption of organic dyes on macroporous melamine sponge incorporating conducting polypyrrole nanotubes
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Pekárek Michal , Trchová Miroslava , Kolská Zdeňka
Published: January 2022

The macropores of melamine sponge were coated with globular polypyrrole or polypyrrole nanotubes. The resulting materials have been tested for the adsorptive removal of organic dyes from aqueous medium. The nanotubes deposited on the sponge were able to remove Reactive Black 5 dye while the adsorption on analogous polypyrrole globules was marginal. For that reason, the macroporous open‐cell melamine sponge with embedded nanotubes was tested for the adsorption of five anionic and five cationic dyes. The anionic dyes were adsorbed efficiently in the contrast to cationic ones. This can be explained by the electrostatic interaction of anionic dyes with polypyrrole polycation. The fast‐starting adsorption occurred within a few minutes and was followed by a slower process extending for days. The nanotubes deposited on the sponge have always been more efficient adsorbents than free polypyrrole nanotubes or melamine sponge alone. Better organization of polymer chains in the polypyrrole nanotubes and especially those deposited on the melamine sponge is proposed to be responsible for this effect. Cationic dyes were adsorbed even by neat melamine sponge while the adsorption by polypyrrole was negligible. In this case, the indifferent role of polypyrrole can be assigned to the electrostatic repulsion of the dye.
Aggregation von Zustandsindikatoren aus Inspektions‐ und Monitoringdaten im Brückenbau
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Lazoglu Alex , Ullerich Christof , Marx Steffen , Zehetmaier Gerhard
Published: January 2022

Die Bewertung des Bauwerkszustands von Brückenbauwerken erfolgt in Deutschland anhand der auf Grundlage regelmäßiger Bauwerksprüfungen ermittelten Bauwerksnote. Eine Methodik zur Einbindung von Monitoringdaten in die Bauwerksbewertung existiert dagegen derzeit noch nicht. Dabei kann ein Bauwerksmonitoring zur Unterstützung der klassischen Bauwerksprüfung genutzt werden, um das Auftreten oder die Entwicklung von Bauwerksschäden vorübergehend oder dauerhaft zu überwachen und so die von den Schäden ausgehenden Risiken zu mindern. Des Weiteren können in vielen Fällen rechnerische Standsicherheitsdefizite mittels gezielt eingesetzter Messmaßnahmen kompensiert werden. Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der integralen Zustandsbewertung ergeben sich aus der unterschiedlichen Bewertung von Bauwerksschäden (Benotung) und Standsicherheitsnachweisen (Ausnutzungsgrad). Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Methodik vor, die Monitoringdaten und Bauwerksschäden in einer Echtzeitbewertungskennzahl aggregiert, die auch für Nichtfachleute verständlich ist. Neben dem allgemeinen Bewertungsverfahren, das bekannte Elemente aus dem Bewertungsschema nach SIB‐Bauwerke einschließt, werden zwei konkrete Anwendungsfälle anhand des smartBRIDGE‐Konzepts an der Köhlbrandbrücke in Hamburg gezeigt. Dabei handelt es sich um zwei aktuelle rechnerische Standsicherheitsdefizite, die durch eine messtechnische Überwachung kompensiert werden.
Silicon‐Based Nanorod Anodes by Employing Bacterial Cellulose Derived Carbon Skeleton Towards Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jie , Gao Jiafeng , Zhang Jian , Jiang Qiwen , Yin Huanhuan , Wang Ziqi , Zuo Songlin
Published: January 2022

Huge volume change and high cost of silicon (Si) during the lithium insertion/extraction processes are still major challenges in practical application of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, for the first time, a scalable one‐dimensional (1D) robust Si/C nanorods are developed by using pyrolytic bacterial cellulose (pBC) as 1D carbon skeleton and introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas into traditional magnesiothermic reduction reaction, to accelerate the commercial utilization of Si/C composite electrodes. pBC arrays are generated via a self‐assembled parallel arrangement process in the SiO2/pBC hybrids. Notably, pBC arrays as a strong structural support and CO2‐derived in‐situ generated amorphous carbon as an ideal encapsulation endow Si/C nanorods with high structure robustness and good electronic conductivity. In particular, Si‐based nanorods anodes with carbon component content of 11 wt % deliver high reversible specific capacity, good Coulombic efficiency and impressive cycling performance. Such excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to unique Si/C nanorod structure and its superior properties, which can provide good accommodation of volume changes, superior electrolyte wetting, and fast electrons and lithium ions transportation pathways during charging and discharging processes.
Using machine learning to predict engineering technology students’ success with computer‐aided design
Authors: Singh Jasmine , Perera Viranga , Magana Alejandra J. , Newell Brittany , Wei‐Kocsis Jin , Seah Ying Ying , Strimel Greg J. , Xie Charles
Published: January 2022

Computer‐aided design (CAD) programs are essential to engineering as they allow for better designs through low‐cost iterations. While CAD programs are typically taught to undergraduate students as a job skill, such software can also help students learn engineering concepts. A current limitation of CAD programs (even those that are specifically designed for educational purposes) is that they are not capable of providing automated real‐time help to students. To encourage CAD programs to build in assistance to students, we used data generated from students using a free, open‐source CAD software called Aladdin to demonstrate how student data combined with machine learning techniques can predict how well a particular student will perform in a design task. We challenged students to design a house that consumed zero net energy as part of an introductory engineering technology undergraduate course. Using data from 128 students, along with the scikit‐learn Python machine learning library, we tested our models using both total counts of design actions and sequences of design actions as inputs. We found that our models using early design sequence actions are particularly valuable for prediction. Our logistic regression model achieved a >60% chance of predicting if a student would succeed in designing a zero net energy house. Our results suggest that it would be feasible for Aladdin to provide useful feedback to students when they are approximately halfway through their design. Further improvements to these models could lead to earlier predictions and thus provide students feedback sooner to enhance their learning.
Plasma‐assisted Engineering of MOF Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pan Chengcheng , Dong Yinghao , Chen Xiangbin , Yu Bo , Huang Minghua , Liu Zhicheng
Published: January 2022

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively investigated as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts due to their highly ordered porous structure and abundant active sites. The reasonable engineering of the MOF materials is the key to highly efficient energy conversion technologies. Here, we present a facile Ar plasma treatment to introduce various defects in MOF nanosheets while maintaining their morphology. The generated coordinatively unsaturated metal sites with electron‐rich structure are conducive to improving intrinsic catalytic activity, and the formed mesopores are beneficial to mass transport during the catalytic process. Compared with the pristine MOF nanosheets grown on nickel foam, the plasma‐etched MOF nanosheets exhibits excellent OER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 213 mV at current density of 50 mA cm−2. This work could deepen our understanding of the structure‐property relationship of the plasma‐treated MOF electrocatalysts, and open up new prospects for the engineering of highly efficient MOF‐based electrocatalysts.
Porous palladium phosphide nanotubes for formic acid electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Tian‐Jiao , Jiang Yu‐Chuan , He Jia‐Wei , Li Fu‐Min , Ding Yu , Chen Pei , Chen Yu
Published: January 2022

The development of an efficient catalyst for formic acid electrocatalytic oxidation reaction (FAEOR) is of great significance to accelerate the commercial application of direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC). Herein, palladium phosphide (PdxPy) porous nanotubes (PNTs) with different phosphide content (i.e., Pd3P and Pd5P2) are prepared by combining the self‐template reduction method of dimethylglyoxime‐Pd(II) complex nanorods and succedent phosphating treatment. During the reduction process, the self‐removal of the template and the continual inside–outside Ostwald ripening phenomenon are responsible for the generation of the one‐dimensional hollow and porous architecture. On the basis of the unique synthetic procedure and structural advantages, Pd3P PNTs with optimized phosphide content show outstanding electroactivity and stability for FAEOR. Importantly, the strong electronic effect between Pd and P promotes the direct pathway of FAEOR and inhibits the occurrence of the formic acid decomposition reaction, which effectively enhances the FAEOR electroactivity of Pd3P PNTs. In view of the facial synthesis, excellent electroactivity, high stability, and unordinary selectivity, Pd3P PNTs have the potential to be an efficient anode electrocatalyst for DFAFC.