bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Rock Mass Stability Decrease due to Underground Mining
Authors: Golik V. I. , Maslennikov S. A. , Nunez Rodriguez Alberto Martin , Anischenko V. I.
Published: February 2020

The optimization of underground mining processes is carried out based on rational use of energy for obtaining preset broken ore size. The effective optimization requires correct assessment of the properties of the rock mass to be broken. Energy management requires assessment of rock mass stability decrease due to impact of natural and technogenic stresses. To make adjustments to the general energy management model, information on the rock mass structure is required to be obtained by geophysical methods. To optimize broken rock/ore size (to minimize oversized or excessively crushed mineral fraction yield during breaking), blasting energy application should be regulated and smart. The study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of using geophysical methods for the prompt and correct assessment of rock and backfill mass condition during underground mining of mineral deposits. Decreasing stability of rock masses is assessed using the method of electrometric surveys in noncore exploratory boreholes. Rock mass stability study allowed revealing correlation and dependencies between the studied parameters. Effectiveness of using geophysical methods for differentiating natural and technogenic masses by degree of decreasing their stability due to geological and technogenic stresses. To determine the coefficient of decreasing rock mass stability based on rock apparent resistivity data, electrometric logging was used. This allowed to differentiate rock mass by the degree of decreasing rock mass stability based on the revealed dependency. The features of the geophysical survey components are described in details. The methodology and findings of the underground electric sounding using a sequential gradient electrode system at specific metal deposit are presented, including using theoretical curves and determining rock conductivity and the distance to workings. Besides, correctness of the geophysical method findings was assessed differentially. The assessment was prepared for decreasing rock mass stability based on electrometric logging data, and for advance outlining heterogeneity zones in rock masses by electric sounding along working walls. Based on findings of the conducted experimental work on revealing structural boundaries within rock mass, the method of electric sounding along working walls was recommended for application in practice. As for the studied borehole electric sounding application, the convergence of the experimental and theoretical curves is insufficient to recommend the method for practical application.
The Influence of Tailings Storage Facilities in the Eastern Part of Jiu Valley on the Water Quality
Authors: Simion A. F. , Drebenstedt C. , Lazar M.
Published: February 2020

Mining and sustainable development may be compatible with the priority of measures to reduce impacts on the major ecosystems with severe consequences for the future generations. Infiltration of contaminated water into soils/rocks due to activity of different sectors of mining industry causes increasing concentration of minor and major deleterious elements in natural environment, forcing an economic operator to implement the best available techniques to solve severe environmental problems. The research is aimed at determining heavy metal contents in tailings storage facilities of coal mining operations in the eastern part of JiuValley, revealing mechanism of interaction of the TSF infiltrate with EastJiuRiver, as well as assessing the impact of the TSF on quality of the natural environment. One more aim of the research was to determine the ways by which the TSF components produce negative impact on the soils and surface waters. The obtained results can be fundamental basis for the future researches in the field of closing and maintaining the mining activities in JiuValleyand the land reclamation.
Driver Safety System Implementation in Europe
Authors: Manthey L. , Popov D. M.
Published: February 2020

In mining industry safety is top priority. There is a request for safety management, risk prevention and operator training. Operator fatigue and distraction leads to dangerous situations. The paper is aimed at reviewing the issues of fatigued or distracted driver operation. This is achieved through creating models in occupational safety strategies. Hereafter the implementation of fatigue and distraction control system within a pilot project is discussed. The pilot project was aimed at collecting realistic operation data from mining industry in Europe. Caterpillar Inc. offers a solution called Driver Safety System (DSS). When driver’s micro-sleep is detected, the system alerts operator through different alarms directly. Dangerous events are also recorded and classified individually in 24/7 monitoring centre. The DSS was tested at European limestone open pit mine with typical working regime. This paper discusses theories, results and transferable insights of the study.
Some thoughts about the challenge of inferring ecological interactions from spatial data.
Authors: Holt Robert D.
Published: February 2020

Dr. Luis Escobar asked me to provide a joint review of the submissions by Stephens et al. (2019, this issue) and Peterson et al. (2019, this issue).  I pulled thoughts together, but by the time I sent them along, he had received other reviews and made an editorial decision. He felt my perspective might nevertheless warrant publishing as a commentary alongside these two pieces.  My review was of the original submissions, which are now appearing with minor, mainly cosmetic changes.  I have only lightly edited the text of my review, and added a few additional thoughts and pertinent references. Neither group of authors has seen my commentary, and so I am responsible for any omissions or lapses in interpretation.  The protocol developed by Stephens seems to me a potentially valuable exploratory tool in describing patterns of co-occurrence, but I note several potential problems in identifying interactions usingsolely  this protocol.  I also gently disagree with Peterson et al., who state flatly that co-occurrence data can shed no light at all on interspecific interactions.  I suggest there are a number of counter-examples to this claim in the literature.  I argue that spatiotemporal data, when available, iprovide a much more powerful tool for discerning interactions, than do staticspatial data.  Finally, I use a simple thought experiment to point out that biotic drivers could be playing a key  causal role in limitnig distributions, even in equisitlvely accurate SDMs that use only abiotic (scenopoetic) data as input data.
Co-occurrence Networks do not Support Identification of Biotic Interactions
Authors: Peterson A. Townsend , Soberón Jorge , Ramsey Janine , Osorio-Olvera Luis
Published: February 2020

We assess a body of work that has attempted to use co-occurrence networks to infer the existence and type of biotic interactions between species. Although we see considerable interest in the approach as an exploratory tool for understanding patterns of co-occurrence of species, we note and describe numerous problems in the step of inferring biotic interactions from the co-occurrence patterns. These problems are both theoretical and empirical in nature, and limit confidence in inferences about interactions rather severely. We examine a series of examples that demonstrates striking discords between interactions inferred from co-occurrence patterns and previous experimental results and known life-history details.
Can Ecological Interactions be Inferred from Spatial Data?
Authors: Stephens Christopher Rhodes , Gonzalez-Salazar Constantino , Villalobos Maricarmen , Marquet Pablo
Published: February 2020

The characterisation and quantication of ecological interactions, and the construction

of species distributions and their associated ecological niches, is of fundamental

theoretical and practical importance. In this paper we give an overview of a Bayesian

inference framework, developed over the last 10 years, which, using spatial data, offers

a general formalism within which ecological interactions may be characterised and

quantied. Interactions are identied through deviations of the spatial distribution

of co-occurrences of spatial variables relative to a benchmark for the non-interacting

system, and based on a statistical ensemble of spatial cells. The formalism allows for

the integration of both biotic and abiotic factors of arbitrary resolution. We concentrate

on the conceptual and mathematical underpinnings of the formalism, showing

how, using the Naive Bayes approximation, it can be used to not only compare and

contrast the relative contribution from each variable, but also to construct species

distributions and niches based on arbitrary variable type. We show how the formalism

can be used to quantify confounding and therefore help disentangle the complex

causal chains that are present in ecosystems. We also show species distributions and

their associated niches can be used to infer standard "micro" ecological interactions,

such as predation and parasitism. We present several representative use cases that

validate our framework, both in terms of being consistent with present knowledge of

a set of known interactions, as well as making and validating predictions about new,

previously unknown interactions in the case of zoonoses.
The Influence of Counsellor Trainee Support on Public Speaking and Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in the Class Setting
Authors: Güvendir Emre , Onat Oya , Dündar Sinem
Published: February 2020

This mixed methods study examined the influence of cognitive behavioral approach based counsellor trainee support on prospective English teachers’ public speaking anxiety and foreign language speaking anxiety in the class setting. The participants of the study included sixteen third year prospective English teachers studying at Trakya University. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis revealed that the participants benefited from the counselling procedure. The study aims to trigger more interest on different forms of anxiety experienced by prospective teachers and motivate researchers to design interventions that will psychologically assist prospective teachers in their transition to the teaching profession.
The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Intimacy with Mediating Role of Organizational Empathy
Authors: Salari Marzi , Nastiezaie Naser
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational intimacy with mediating role of organizational empathy. This study is an applied and correlation research method based on structural equation modeling. 105 teachers of Saravan city were studied by stratified random sampling method. To collect information, three questionnaires were used: transformational leadership, organizational intimacy and organizational empathy. For data analysis the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS and Lisrel software. Based on results the amount of correlation coefficient of transformational leadership with organizational empathy (r=0.459, p
The Roles of Value Preferences and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Prediction of Dating Violence
Authors: DONAT BACIOĞLU SEDA , ONAT KOCABIYIK OYA
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to determine in what extends gender, age, relationship status, value preferences and cognitive emotion regulation strategies predict the dating violence. The study group was comprised of 335 university students. Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scale, Cognitive Emotional Regulation Scale and Values Scale were used in data collection. According to the findings obtained from research, it was found that there were positive significant relationships between gender and social values, career values, intellectual values, spirituality and dating violence. On the other hand, the findings showed that gender and age variables are significant predictors of dating violence. Social values, intellectual values and freedom values positively predict dating violence. Spirituality, human dignity, romantic values and futuwwa negatively predict dating violence. Increasing the importance given to the social values, intellectual values and freedom values increases the attitudes that not supporting dating violence. On the other hand, increasing the importance given to spirituality, human dignity, romantic values and futuwwa decreases the attitudes supporting dating violence. It was found that there was a positive significant relationship between age and materialistic values and negative significant relationship between age and dating violence. Findings support that gender, age, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and value preferences are significant predictors of dating violence.
Investigation of Prejudice against Obesity in Students of Sports Sciences
Authors: Kılıç Yakup
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to reveal prejudice against obesity in students who study sports sciences at the university level in Turkey in terms of different variables. The sample group of the study included 387 randomly chosen students of sports sciences from Bingöl University, Fırat University, Sütçü İmam University and Düzce University. To collect data from the sample, the “Obesity Prejudice Scale” was used. For the data collected, the normality test was conducted to determine whether the “Obesity Prejudice Scale” provided the normality assumption. “Independent Samples t-test”, a parametric test, was conducted to evaluate the level of differentiation in gender, an independent variable. To determine differentiation in variables of grade, university and monthly income, “ANOVA” tests were conducted. The level of statistical significance (α error level) was regarded as p
Internationalization of Education: From Bologna Process to Orhun Exchange Programme
Authors: BALCI Sebahattin , DÜNDAR Hakan , GÜRBÜZ Yunus Emre
Published: February 2020

This article aims to introduce the Orhun Exchange Programme implemented by the Turkic Universities Union, and seeks to position it within the broader, historical developments, and it states that the recent trend of internationalization of education is beneficial for the renaissance of the Turkic civilization. In Middle Ages, mobility of students and scholars helped to the formation of the Islamic Golden Age, rise of Turkic civilization on the Silk Road, and then the renaissance and enlightenment in Europe. Recently, the shift of economic and scientific gravity from the West to the East presents new potentials for the Turkic world to turn it into a hub in the increasingly interconnecting world. The Orhun Exchange Programme is a bold step to enable universities of Turkic countries to cooperate in their fields of superiority for a joint development.
Comparison of Neuroglobin distribution and expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle v1
Authors: Xiaohua Du , Blackar Mawolo James , Mi Xiaoyu , Yang Yang , Liu Xia
Published: February 2020

Background: The yaks belong to the genus Bos and are therefore related to cattle (Bos primigenius species). The yak may have diverged from cattle at any point between one and five million years ago, and it is suggested that the yak is more closely related to cattle than other members of its designated genus. Objective:Thestudy evaluated the distribution of Neuroglobin (NGB) expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle. Method: The total of ten (10) healthy yaks and cattle were used in the study (5 each). The immuno-histochemical staining procedures method was performed to assay the distribution of NGB in the retina of adult yak and cattle. Result: The results demonstrated that NGB in the retina of adult yak and cattle was extremely positive in the ganglion cell layer, outer plexiform layer, photoreceptor inner segments and pigment epithelial layer (+++) while strongly positive in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and photoreceptor outer segments (++) and both inner nuclear layer (+) and outer nuclear layer (-) were weakly and negatively expressed respectively. Expression in the inner limiting membrane, outer limiting membrane and optic nerves of the cattle waspositive (+) andconsistent with the adult yak. No NGB expression was found in the outer nuclear layer of both yak and cattle.The statistical t-test reported the significant level of NGB found in the retinal ganglion cell layer, kernel layer, optic nerve and photoreceptor inner segments were higher in yak than cattle (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that NGB might play an important role in oxygen homeostasis of the retina and normal functions in the optic nerve of yak and cattle under high altitude hypoxia. Despite the results, its specific functional mechanism needs further investigation.
Sequence-Independent, Single-Primer Amplification of RNA viruses v2
Authors: Moreno Gage , O'connor David
Published: February 2020

This protocol outlines the methods to perform unbiased direct metagenomic sequencing of nucleic acid extracts from cell-free fluids. This protocol can be adapted to be run on Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. The protocol is based off of the work from Kafetzopoulou et al. (PMID: 30563591). Liana has provided the lab with detailed protocols, and has worked with us extensively on optimizing and getting protocols running efficiently. Please note that this protocol has been updated to use SuperScript IV with it’s optimal temperature which has been reflected in Lewandowski et al. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00963-19) Notes: * This protocol has been used to sequence influenza direction from respiratory clinical samples (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00963-19). * A team from China published last week on a 2019-nCoV familial cluster using the SISPA protocol as for coronavirus whole genome sequencing (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9) SISPA-Primer A - 5'-GTT TCC CAC TGG AGG ATA-(N9)-3' SISPA-Primer B - 5′-GTT TCC CAC TGG AGG ATA-3′
Making and applying foliar fertiliser and pesticide solutions v1
Authors: LE Imakumbili Matema
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes how foliar and pesticide solutions can be made and applied to growing crops. Foliar solutions (foliar fertilisers) can be either made using water soluble fertilisers (e.g. urea), inorganic salts (e.g. KCl, K2SO4) or by using readymade manufactured concentrated foliar solutions that could be in the form of chelated compounds of metallic ions. Their application rates are often simply stated as a percentage of the nutrient to be applied in solution form e.g. a 1 - 2% Zn foliar fertiliser solution. This protocol describes how to determine the amount of chemical material needed to make a specified concentration of a foliar solution mixture using various sources. Although not always stated, except on manufactured foliar solutions, foliar fertilisers should be ideally applied over a specified area to ensure that plants receive a sufficient volume of foliar solution. This protocol thus also describes how to make a foliar solution taking into consideration the area over which they shall be applied. Like readymade manufactured foliar solutions, pesticides also have instructions on how to make and apply their solutions over a specified area. How pesticide solutions should be made and applied according to specified instructions will hence also be shown. Instructions for making foliar and pesticide solutions can be a little tricky to follow if you are not accustomed to the technical language. This protocol has been designed to give people some help with this.
HybISS: Hybridization-based In Situ Sequencing v1
Authors: Gyllborg Daniel , Nilsson Mats
Published: February 2020

Protocol for multiplexed in situ sequencing in tissue sections as an image-based spatial transcriptomic method. This is the second iteration of In Situ Sequencing (HybISS: Hybridization based In Situ Sequencing) based on the principles published in Ke et al. Nature Methods, 2013 and more recently Qian et al. Nature Methods, 2019. Here we present a modified method in detection chemistry using sequencing by hybridization approach for combinatorial decoding. This results in a more robust method for detecting larger probe panels for a more high-throughput in situ sequencing method.
Classification of Brainwave Signals Based on Hybrid Deep Learning and an Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Rostam Zhyar , Mahmood Sozan
Published: February 2020

Brainwave signals are read through Electroencephalogram (EEG) devices. These signals are generated from an active brain based on brain activities and thoughts. The classification ofbrainwave signals is a challenging task due to its non-stationary nature. To address the issue, this paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to classify brainwavesignals. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model a dataset is developed by recording brainwave signals for two conditions, which are visible and invisible. In thevisible mode, the human subjects focus on the color and shape presented. Meanwhile, in the invisible mode, the subjects think about specific colors or shapes with closed eyes. Acomparison has been provided between the original CNN and the proposed CNN architecture on the same dataset. The results show that the proposed CNN model achieveshigher classification accuracy as compared to the standard CNN. The best accuracy rate achieved when the proposed CNN is applied on the visible color mode is 92%. In the future,improvements on the proposed CNN will be able to classify raw EEG signals in an efficient way.
Dynamics of an Eco-Epidemiological Model Consisting of Herding Prey and Harvested Predator
Authors: Mustafa Arkan
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the dynamics of predator-prey interaction, only at the outer surface of herd formed by prey population and spreading SI-disease in predator population, is modeled mathematically. The boundedness and persistence of our model are studied and local dynamical behaviors are investigated. Furthermore, the conditions that guarantee the occurring of Hopf-bifurcation of the model are established. Finally, we confirm our analytical findings with the help of numerical simulation.
Thermostable alkaline phosphatase in bacteria and archaea at a glance
Authors: Hamzah Haider
Published: February 2020

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) is one of the most ubiquitous enzymes for the dephosphorylation of nucleic acids in molecular biology; as reporter enzymes for secreted proteins; forcolorimetric immunoassays; and as an indicator of activity in research and diagnostic kits. Today, there are continuing efforts suggesting the possibility of producing unique AP fromthermophilic bacteria and archaeal cells. As AP is found in a few members of thermophiles, it is also anticipated that it will be detected in their siblings, yet the reason behind thevariation in their AP activities is ambiguous. This mini review provides a comprehensive survey of the bacterial and archaeal alkaline phosphatases with particular emphasis on thethermostable APs from the members of thermophiles and their activity variation.
Phyllochron and Leaf area ratio of maize influenced by different nitrogen levels and Growing Degree Days in two different climatic conditions
Authors: Mohammed Aram
Published: February 2020

The present study shows the response of maize hybrids to different thermal time conditions with different nitrogen levels, the investigation comprises two different field experiments were conducted in the Qlyasan Research Center\ University of Sulaimani  during the spring and autumn seasons in 2017.  The experiments were arranged as a split-plot design with three replications. Three different  nitrogen levels  involved in the main plots and four maize hybrids were cultivated in the sub-plots. In addition to the Phyllochron, the  Plant leaf area,  and  accumulated dry matter were studied in different growth stages for estimating the leaf area ratio of the four maize hybrids. The results manifested efficient impact  of thermal time on the studied traits in comparing to nitrogen fertilization, there was a fundamental effect of  thermal time expressed as accumulated growing degree days (GDD) on the physiological and biochemical processes of  growth and development of maize hybrids. The accumulated GDD from seeding to 50% tasseling  was 1050.9 calculated in 58.5 DAS in autumn, whereas  in spring season the accumulated GDDs was 1367.6 estimated in 66.25 DAS.  Whilst, the linear increases in the leaf appearance  and  shorter phyllochron manifested  in the autumn season, the  maximum value of study criteria was not obtained with maximum nitrogen application in all cases. There was a linear decline of the value of  LAR across the growth stages from V4-V5 to R3 which was underlined with regression value of r2 of  0.99 , 0.98, and 0.92 for nitrogen levels (N1,N2, and N3) respectively. The rate of LAR in autumn season was not similar to the previous season, the maximum value of LAR was shown with the effect of second level N2 in vegetative growth V8-V10 and reproductive growth stage R3 with first level N1 revealing curvilinear regression.
Self-regulating naturally occurring microcapsules for controlled release of Levodopa
Authors: Hamad Shwan
Published: February 2020

Levodopa remains the gold standard treatment for patients suffering with Parkinson’s disease. Patients can become sensitive to fluctuations in plasma concentration of the drug, resulting in devastating side effects. This present paper reports the encapsulation of LV into sporopollenin exine microcapsules prepared in-house from Lycopodium Clavatum plant. The loaded sporopollenin exine microcapsules were prepared by removing the cellulosic intine, and then filling the internal cavity surrounded by the sporopollenin exine with a concentrated solution of LV. The trapped drug was then precipitated inside the microcapsules using pH change, followed by a thorough washing. The released amount of the drug in aqueous media resembling physiological conditions of human blood plasma was then quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that LV can be successfully encapsulated within the sporopollenin exine microcapsules, and a sustained release of the drug can be achieved. This paper also shows that the microcapsules loaded with the drug can act as a self-regulating device to release the drug in aqueous medium over a longer period.
Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from Soil and Water of Khurmal Spring
Authors: Khasraw Kozhi , Ghafoor Dlzar
Published: February 2020

Thermophilic bacteria are regarded as a key source of thermostable enzymes that are of great industrial importance. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the thermophilic bacteria isolated from Khurmal spring in Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Water and soil samples from different sites were collected used to isolate thermophilic bacteria. Seven different isolates of Bacillus (5 from water and 2 from soil) were characterized for their biochemical properties. Activity of different enzymes (catalase, amylase, cellulose, protease, and esterase) was measured for each isolate. The bacterium with the ability to tolerate high temperatures was identified as Bacillus sp. both by using phenotypic and genotypic methods including microscopic characterization, Gram staining and 16S rRNA sequencing.  BLAST search analysis of the sequence showed maximum identity with different Bacillus sp. with similarities in the range of (95-98%). The study confirmed that the isolated Bacillus sp. to be a true thermophile and could be a source of thermostable enzyme which can be exploited for pharmaceutical and industrials applications.
Accuracy of some Elastic Impression Materials Used in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Ikram Fahd , Mikaeel Jawad , Omer Ranj
Published: February 2020

Objective: Elastic impression materials considered favourable decision in fixed and removable prosthesis due to ease of use and accuracy. High price tag is the main drawback. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface detail reproduction and dimensional stability of newly introduced 3M Preliminary PentaTM VPS in comparison to other elastic impression.          

Methods: Alginate, alginate replacement and 3M light body were tested for surface detail reproduction and dimensional stability. Ten samples were prepared for each using a stainless-steel die that was created according to ADA specification No. 18 and 19. Surface detail was assessed directly after setting while dimensional stability was evaluated immediately and 24hr after. The data were analysed using a paired sample t-test.

Results: All the samples were able to record 75μm line for surface detail. Surface record of 3M imprintTM 4 Preliminary PentaTM VPS showed a similar result to light body. While alginate failed to reproduce 50μm and 20μm lines. Regards to dimensional stability, light body resisted change with respect to time. In contrast, alginate revealed a significant effect (p˂0.05) on dimensional stability for the same storage period while not a major effect was observed for alginate replacement. 

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that light body underwent less dimensional change than alginate and alginate replacement. It also revealed a better replication of details. Alginate replacement was more stable during the storage period with better surface detail record than alginate.
pH of Commercially Available Brands of Toothpaste and Mouthwashes in Sulaimani/ Iraq Markets: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Garib Balkees , Tofiq Soma , Fakhruldeen Zainab
Published: February 2020

Objective: The pH of the daily used toothpaste and mouthwashes dramatically affects the balance of the demineralization and remineralization processes on the tooth structure. Yet, its value is not labeled on the container for public.The aim of this study is to measure the pH values of various toothpaste and mouthwashes those are commercially available in Sulaimani market.    

Methods: The pH value of twenty-one toothpastes and fifteen types of mouthwash commercially available in Sulaimani were measured twice by using JENWAY pH meter. The electrode immersed inside the tested sample (10 mL mouthwash and 2mg/10 mL toothpaste) for 3 minutes. The pH mean value for each sample was calculated.

Results: The pH mean value for toothpaste and mouthwashes were 7.67 and 6.33, respectively. Low pH values were reported in Vitis- ortho (4.94), and Desensin repair toothpaste (6.99) and high values reported in A.ME menton &calcium toothpaste (8.85) and Nano- whitening mouthwash (7.855).

Conclusions: The pH of toothpaste was neutral to slightly basic. Thus their repeated use is considered as none erosive. While the pH of mouthwashes was acidic or somewhat optimal, that indicates the possibility of enamel erosion with frequent use. Thus a careful mouthwash’s type selection is required.
Trakya Bölgesi’nde Farklı Bitkiler Yetiştirilen Arazilerde Toprak ve Hava Mikrofungusları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: AYDOĞDU Halide , ÇAKMAK Meltem
Published: February 2020

Bu
çalışmada, Trakya Bölgesi’nde çeşitli tarla ve bahçe ürünlerinin yetiştirildiği
topraklardaki mikrofunguslar ile havayla taşınan mikrofungusların konsantrasyon
ve kompozisyonlarının araştırılması amaçlandı. 1 g kuru toprağa karşılık gelen
taze topraktaki mikrofungusların ortalama sayısı, patates yetiştirilen toprakta
en yüksek, ayçiçeği yetiştirilen toprakta ise en düşük düzeyde gözlendi. Soğan
tarlasının toprağı mikrofungus cinsi bakımından en fazla çeşitlilik
gösterirken, bezelye bahçesinde en az çeşitlilik saptandı. Tarla bitkilerinin
yetiştirildiği alanlardan alınan hava örneklerinde en fazla fungal spor nohut
tarlasından, en az ise ayçiçek tarlasından izole edildi. Soğan ve mısır
tarlasından alınan hava örneklerinde fungal çeşitlilik en fazla iken, en az
çeşitlilik ise bakla ve nane bahçelerinden alınan hava örneklerinde tespit
edildi. Tüm toprak örneklerinde en yaygın olarak Mycelia Sterilia'ya ait mikrofunguslar izole edilirken, bunu
sırasıyla Penicillium, Acremonium,
Aspergillus ve Fusarium cinsleri
izledi. Tüm
bitkilerin yetiştirildiği tarlaların havasında Cladosporium en baskın
cins olarak bulundu.
A New Genus Record for the Flora of Turkey: Reynoutria (Polygonaceae)
Authors: KARAER Fergan , TERZİOĞLU Salih , KUTBAY Hamdi Güray
Published: February 2020

This paper describes Reynoutria as a newly recorded genus of
Dock Family (Polygonaceae) to Turkey. Specimens of R. japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae) were collected from Terme/Bazlamaç
(Samsun). Adding this new genus, the number of genera in Turkish Flora reached
to 11 and the identification key for genera of Polygonaceae was updated. In
addition, Turkish name, detailed description, photographs, locality information
and geographical distribution map of the species were given in the present
study.
Competition and Mobile Network Operator’s Investment Relationship: Empirical Evidence for Developing Countries
Authors: Ariansyah Kasmad , Nuryakin Chaikal
Published: February 2020

Policymakers have reformed telecommunications market structure since several decades ago, from a monopoly to a more competitive market. They believed that the competitive market structure would be able to overcome the limitations of investment required to develop the industry and to provide equitable access. However, the advance of digital age has changed the competition landscape in telecommunication sector considerably. Telecommunication companies are also required to provide higher investment to further improve their networks quality as well as coverage. This study aims to reinvestigate effect of competition on investment under the current context. The empirical estimation results show the intensity of competition has a significant short-run impact on the investment behaviour of cellular telecommunications companies. The effect is not linear, but in the form of an inverted U curve. This points out the existence of a competition intensity that maximizes mobile network operator (MNO)'s investment. We find that the intensity is in the level of 0.61 or when a company has an EBITDA margin of 39%. This finding implies a different behaviour of MNOs having EBITDA margins of less and more than 39% in respond to the change in competition intensity. MNOs in the first groups will react to the increase of competition intensity by decreasing their investment. Meanwhile, the others will respond to the rise in competition intensity by increasing their investment. The empirical results also show the accumulative impact of the competition intensity on investment is 12,5 times of the short-run
Promoting Digital Inclusion Through the NBN
Authors: Corbin Teresa , Troy Melyssa
Published: February 2020

This is the speech given by Ms Corbin at the TelSoc NBN Futures forum held in Melbourne on 22 October 2019. She spoke on how to include all Australians in the National Broadband Network through more affordable pricing of services, continued and improving reliability of access, and an evolution of the Universal Service Obligation.
The NBN Futures Project
Authors: Holmes Jim , Campbell Leith
Published: February 2020

Over the past 20 years the provision of broadband services in Australia has become a matter of contention. The National Broadband Network (NBN) and longer-term plans for the way in which it will be structured and operate into the future have been caught up in this. The potential sale by the government of NBN Co, the developer of the NBN, in the next few years has brought greater urgency to considering the longer-term future of the NBN.

An NBN Futures Project, whose aims are explained in this article, is promoting public and policy discussion through TelSoc (the Telecommunications Association) on the NBN and its future, with the aim of building consensus and common ground as a basis for developing public policy for the future. TelSoc’s role is not to advocate particular policy positions, but to provide media and forums for ensuring that critical analysis and discussion does occur and is shared as widely as possible. The Project promotes articles in the Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, together with forums, talks and other events.

This article describes the NBN Futures Project and how it envisages that it will make a difference.
COMPARATIVE STABILITY OF POLIOVIRUS, HEPATITIS A VIRUS AND THEIR RNA TO THE IMPACT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Authors: Nedachin Aleksandr E. , Dmitrieva R. A. , Doskina T. V. , Dolgin V. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The results of experimental studies on the comparative assessment of the effects of various doses of UV radiation on the survival of poliovirus type I LSc2ab, phage MS-2, hepatitis A viruses and their RNA in tap water are presented. Material and methods. Poliomyelitis viruses of type I strain LSc2ab (PV), viruses of hepatitis A, strain HAS-15 (HAV), phages MS-2, free RNA isolated from hepatitis viruses and poliomyelitis were introduced into model reservoirs with dechlorinated Moscow tap water. Water samples were taken from each tank and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) with a wavelength of 254 nm with doses of 25, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mJ/cm2. PV titration was performed on a BGM monkey kidney cell transplant line; MS-2 phages were determined by the agar layer method using the E. coli K12F + Str. detector; determination of PV RNA and HAV was carried out on the Rotor GeneTM 6000 amplifier in RT-PCR reaction in real-time using appropriate test systems. Extraction and isolation of RNA from samples of PV and HAV were also performed using reagent kits of domestic and foreign production. Results. Ultraviolet irradiation in doses from 25 to 100 mJ/cm2 was shown to have a pronounced inhibitory effect on phages MS-2 and PV, determined by traditional methods in accordance with the methodological guidelines MUK 4.2.1018-01 and MUK 4.2.2029-05. At UVR doses of 80 and 100 mJ/cm2, complete inactivation of MS-2 and PV phages in water was noted. At the same time, these same doses of UVR had a less inhibitory effect on PVA, HAV RNA, as well as on isolated free PVA RNA/X and HAV, which were more stable and continued to be determined by RT-PCR in water at all doses of UVR, including 80 and 100 mJ/cm2. Conclusion. If only RNA viruses are detected in the treated drinking water and there are no other direct or indirect indices of viral contamination, it is impossible to unambiguously judge the extent of the potential epidemic hazard of the water body. This requires the development of reliable additional tests confirming the infectivity of viruses, determined only by RNA or DNA markers.
RISKS FOR HEALTH ASSOCIATED WITH USE MODES AND RADIATION LEVEL OF CELL PHONES IN MODERN YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Vyatleva Olga A. , Kurgansky A. M.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The wide coverage of modern schoolchildren with cell phones (CP), the increased vulnerability of children to radiofrequency radiation, the lack of age standards for safe CP use determined the aim of the study: to identify CP radiation levels and use modes, associated with the health risks in modern schoolchildren. Material and methods. In a cross-sectional study of 80 modern schoolchildren (8.57 ± 0.75 y.o; 2017-2018 education years) without neurological complications in history by measuring CP power flux density (PFD), questioning and risks calculating, there were determined the radiation levels and daily modes of СT use (calls number - CN, duration of call - CD, and calls total duration - CTD), which are associated with the risks of clinically significant health deviations (dizziness, 4 or more colds per year, and frequent (several times a week) headaches, sleep disturbances, fatigue, anxiety, low mood, poor attention, and memory). Results. The risk of dizziness increases when children use CP with a maximal PFD ≥100 µW/cm² (OR = 4.44; 95% CI: 1.15-9.27), or if CTD increases from 6.25 to ≥12 minutes (OR= 8.55; 95% CI 1.74-7.11). Increasing CN from 1-2 to 3-5 causes the risk of frequent anxiety (OR 7.86; 95% CI 1.26-31.8). Using the «push-button» CPs in comparison with smartphones is associated with the frequent low mood (OR= 5.42; 95% CI: 1.47-6.10). Conclusion. The use of «push-button» CР, CР with PFD ≥ 100 µW/cm², CTD ≥ 6.25 minutes, CN > 1-2 cause risks for children’s health
THE STUDY OF THE NUTRITION FEATURES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF ALTERNATIVE MENU
Authors: Valina Svetlana L. , Shtina I. E. , Ustinova O. Yu. , Eisfeld D. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The actual nutrition of primary school students in the organization of public catering with the provision of three diet options for breakfast, which differed in price and range of meals has been analyzed. Material and methods. The survey included the organized nutrition assessment of students according to 36 menu plans using the individual weight method (5960 portions). Food parcel of daily diet has been analyzed according to 149 food diaries. Results. Nutrient content and energy value of the meal in actually consumed rations is 1.7-3.4 times lower than the information presented in the menu and 2.0-2.7 times lower than the average need for nutrients. By comparing three options of ration it was established that the standard breakfast (cost up to 50 rubles) is the scarcest (37%-87%) according to the actual level of nutrients and energy value consuming by students. The alternative breakfast containing additional salads, fish and meat dish, pasta, pastry and bakery products is the most completed according to the consumption of food substances. In the analysis of daily rations of students by food logs, a decrease in the consumption of fish, rye bread, dairy products, eggs, vegetables is established while increasing the consumption level of chicken, pasta, and pastry. Conclusion. The data of the current study testify to the inconsistency between the calculated data of menu plans and actual levels of nutrients incoming with diet, which deficit accouts for 59-87%. The actual consumption of food substances from school breakfasts increases when is accompanied by an alternative menu. It is necessary to improve the control systems for catering in children’s collectives, to use modern models of the student service organization and to form the right stereotypes of food behavior.
MEDICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF MONITORING OF POPULATION MORBIDITY
Authors: Koroleva Elena G. , Rakhimbek S. K. , Tupov S. S.
Published: February 2020

AnnotIntroduction. The study was carried out with the use of geographic approaches. It provides an integral characteristic and assessment of the population morbidity in Kazakhstan, including ecologically determined pathologies. Material and methods. The basis of the work is the data of medical and demographical statistics of the adult and children population for the period from 2000 to 2016 in the context of administrative regions and districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Mathematical-cartographic modeling of population health indices was carried out using geo-information technologies and evaluation mapping. Results. Medico-geographical zoning of the territory of Kazakhstan on the basis of calculated integral indices allowed to distinguish five groups of regions by incidence rates: from very high (Mangistau, Kyzylorda, the East Kazakhstan region) to very low (the Atyrau region). Spatial and temporal analysis of the morbidity rate showed that Pavlodar and North Kazakhstan regions are distinguished in terms of the prevalence of ecologically caused pathologies and districts with unfavorable situations. Respiratory diseases (40-60%) are the most common environmental pathologies in Kazakhstan among all age groups. For the last 15 years most of the respiratory diseases are registered in the Pavlodar region and they show a positive trend in both adults and children. Conclusion. The medico-ecological situation in the regions of Kazakhstan has regional differences, but in most cases, there is a tendency to an increase in overall morbidity, prevalence of ecologically caused pathologies and especially respiratory diseases, which can serve as an index of the environment state. Further studies should be directed to in-depth investigations in ecologically unfavorable regions and the development of the Medical-Geographical Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan.aciya
THE PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DUE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC LOADS GENERATED BY MOBILE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Yashchenko Svetlana G. , Rybalko S. Yu.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Identification of the relationship between the prevalence of carfiovascular diseases and the electromagnetic environment generated by mobile communication terminals (MCT) is an current problem of modern preventive medicine. In the work an assessment of the electromagnetic situation generated by the MCT on value to the individual electromagnetic loading (IEL) is given. Material and methods. Using data measured in 2102 points the energy stream density (ESD), and the access interval (AI), determined by a crowdsourcing method, the individual electromagnetic exposition (IEE) by 1,850 reports on specification of calls in the Republic of Crimea. Using the obtained data of counting the individual electromagnetic loading (IEL). The medico-statistical analysis of the blood circulatory system diseases (BCSD) is carried out on the basis of these statistical forms of treatment. Statistical processing was carried out by the linear correlation analysis according to Pearson. Results. As a result of monitoring of the electromagnetic situation, the average values of the Crimea ESD accounted for 1.36±0.06(mW/cm2), АI: 8.82±0.28, and IEE: 56.94±2.77 min/day were obtained. The average IEL in Crimea was 112.41±9.15 ((µw/cm2)•min). Positive correlations between IEN and indices of morbidity rate of diseases of the circulatory system (DCS) (R=0.511; p=0.015), elevated blood pressure (IBP) (R=0.523; p=0.013), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (R=0.452; p=0.035)) were found. Conclusion. Significant correlations between IEL and DCS, IBP and CHD. Discovered a new correlation between the IEL and increased overall morbidity (IBP) (R=0.449; p=0.036)) allows evaluating the method of determining the IEL as a more “sensitive”.
Diuretics in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dyadyk A. I. , Taradin G. G. , Suliman Yu. V. , Zborovskyy S. R. , Merkuriev V. I.
Published: February 2020

The issues of diuretic therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease, pharmacokinetics of diuretics, the problem of diuretic resistance, the tactics of using thiazides and loop diuretics in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease, according to the recommendations of the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative are discussed in the article. Particular attention is paid to the prescription of this group of drugs to patients with end stage renal disease, as well as those undergoing renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis).Diuretics play an important role in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease with the development of hypertension and an increased extracellular fluid volume. In case of impaired renal function leading place is given to loop diuretics. Their combination with thiazide diuretics can increase the diuretic effect. The results of clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of the use of diuretics during decline of residual renal function are provided. It is reported about the effect of potassium-sparing diuretics on the incidence of cardiovascular complications, the development of hyperkalemia in patients undergoing dialysis treatment. The importance of continuation of intensive study about the possibility of antagonists of mineralocorticoid receptors usage, in particular the spironolactone, eplerenone, and finerenone in order to reduce cardiovascular complications and mortality, is indicated.