bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance-Based Pushover Analysis for Reinforced Concrete Frame
Authors: Zhang Hui Zhi , Cui Xiu Qin
Published: June 2011

For more reasonable and convenient evaluating structure seismic performance,static elasto-plastic analysis of reinforced concrete frame is presented by pushover with different lateral load distributing modes including uniform distribution, inverted triangle distribution and self-adaption distribution adopted, custom plastic hinge, bending moment-curvity relation and bending moment-axial force correlation of each member section are acquired by Response2000, and time history analysis is used to reinforced concrete frame. It is revealed that the presented method is easy and feasiable, and can generatee stable result.
An Equivalent Frame Model for Seismic Analysis of Existing Masonry Building
Authors: Su Qi Wang , Xia Yang , Zhao Shi Chun
Published: June 2011

Collapse safety is the most important objective of performance-based seismic design. Buildings should have enough safety margin to avoid collapse during severe or mega earthquake. However, current Chinese seismic design code does not have explicit design specification or quantitative evaluation for collapse-resistant capacity. Take a two-story masonry building as an example, an equivalent frame model for pushover and incremental dynamic analysis are established, and the comparison are also studied. In addition, the fragility curves can also be obtained. The analysis results show that the results of plastic hinge mainly appear in ground floor wall between windows and doors. Moreover, the analysis result has good uniformity with seismic damage. Judging from the failure mechanism, pushover and incremental dynamic analysis have very good similarity. In addition , they show elastic deformation is very small and brittleness is very apparent of the masonry building.Seismic vulnerability analysis shows that the significant damage and the near collapse curves are very close to each other .This mean that , once the significant damage limit state is reached ,only small PGA increments are need for reaching the near collapse limit state.
Study on Seismic Performance of Double Spherical Bearing
Authors: Yan Bin , Liu Peng
Published: June 2011

Continuous Beam Bridge was widely used, while seismic problem of it was prominent in meizoseismal area. According to mechanism of DSB, seismic performance of DSB was studied and the parameters of DSB were analyzed later, based on non-navigable bridge of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge in deep water. It was found that DSB was an effective seismic-isolation device which could significantly reduce the seismic force although seismic displacement of bridge was increased. Yielding force and post-yielding stiffness were two main parameters of DSB.
Performance-Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints
Authors: Wei Bin , Guan Zhong Guo , Li Jian Zhong
Published: June 2011

A performance-based seismic design approach for reinforced concrete beam-column joints has been proposed in this paper. Instead of adopting empirical analysis such as in ACI 318M-08 building code, the proposed approach is based on rational analysis of the stress-strain state of the joint. Two limit states are considered in the design: serviceability limit state and life safety limit state. Performances of the joint at these two levels are determined respectively, with due considerations of capacity design philosophy and post-earthquake repair requirements. Then stress/strain analyses of the joint panel using the Mohr circle in conjunction with the softened stress-strain relationship of concrete are adopted simultaneously to design the joint to achieve the predetermined performance level. Effectiveness of proposed method are validated by using the model to interpret the behaviors of joints observed in previous experiments.
Smart Base Isolation Control Adopted Semi-Active Fuzzy Strategy for Seismic Response of Structure
Authors: Yan Gui Yun , Wu Wen Jun
Published: June 2011

According to the disadvantages of the effects that base isolation was limited to high frequency components of seismic wave, smart base isolation system consisting of rolling isolation bearing and magnetorheological damper was applied to structural vibration control. Based on magnetorheological damper employing a Sigmoid model, a semi-acive fuzzy control strategy suitable for smart base isolation was presented. Simulation analysis was carried out to a two-story steel frame structure employing smart base isolation in the action of different kinds and magnitudes of earthquake wave. The results show that smart base isolation system is reliable and effective, and seismic response can be controlled effectively by semi-active fuzzy strategy.
Three Dimensional Seismic Response Analyses on the Isolated Spatial Beam String Structure
Authors: Zhao Nan , Jiang Yang
Published: June 2011

Three dimensional seismic responses of an isolated spatial beam string structure are studied by applying the non-linear finite element theory. The filtering effect of the main structure, which amplifies the ground input, is investigated. The results indicate that the vertical rare earthquake has great influence on the isolated spatial beam string structure, and stresses of cables, frames and slab shells under vertical rare earthquake are all much greater than that under gravity load. Results of non-linear time history analysis show that elements’ stresses are in elastic stage, thus the spatial beam string structure with isolation keeps safe under rare earthquake.
Design of Large-Span Raft Foundation Based on Interaction Analysis
Authors: Zhao Nan , Guo Yu Fei
Published: June 2011

Based on interaction analysis of subgrade, foundation and upper structure, considering the effect of foundation deformation on upper structure loading behavior, the influence of soil stiffness on structure and foundation design is studied in this paper. With the finite element model of subgrade, foundation and upper structure, and the assumption of Winkler elastic foundation beam, the interaction between each other is calculated by ETABS and SAFE, in which the performance of subgrade deformation is simulated by surface spring.
PDEM-Based Seismic Response Analysis of Structures
Authors: Liu Zhang Jun , Lei Yao Long
Published: June 2011

An orthogonal expansion method for earthquake ground motion was introduced in the first part of the paper. In the method, seismic acceleration process is represented as a linear combination of deterministic functions modulated by 10 uncorrelated random variables. In the second part of the paper, the recently developed probability density evolution method (PDEM) is employed to study linear random response of structures subjected to the external excitations. In the PDEM, a completely uncoupled one-dimensional governing partial differential equation, the generalized density evolution equation, is derived first with regard to evolutionary probability density function of the stochastic response for nonlinear structures. The solution of this equation can put out the instantaneous probability density function. So it is natural to combine the PDEM and the orthogonal expansion of seismic ground motion to study the linear random earthquake response. Finally, combining an example of a linear frame structure subjected to non-stationary ground motions, this paper validate the proposed approach and expounds the application of this method.
Probability Density Evolution Method for Seismic Reliability Evaluation of Structural Systems
Authors: Lei Yao Long , Liu Zhang Jun
Published: June 2011

A structural system reliability evaluation approach based on the idea of equivalent extreme-value event and the probability density evolution method is presented. Using the idea of equivalent extreme-value event, for a compound random event as combination of a set of random events, an equivalent extreme-value event could be constructed. So, this makes it possible to transform computation of the probability of the compound random event to a one-dimensional integration of the probability density function of the equivalent extreme-value random variable. In conjunction with the probability density evolution method, which is capable of evaluating the extreme-value distribution of a set of random variables or stochastic processes, the structural system reliability could be evaluated through computing the probability of the equivalent extreme-value event. The proposed approach is discussed in detail on how to construct the equivalent extreme-value event and then implement the procedure numerically. On the other hand, based on the orthogonal expansion method, the stochastic process of earthquake ground motion can be represented as a linear combination of deterministic functions modulated by a set of mutually independent random variables. Combining the above methods, the reliability of structures under earthquake excitations could be successfully evaluated. An example, of which deals with a linear frame structure subjected to non-stationary seismic loading, is illustrated to validate the proposed method.
Anti-Seismic Analysis for Hydropower Underground House
Authors: Guo Tao , Zhang Li Xiang , Wang Wen Quan , Sha Jie
Published: June 2011

In order to understand the rationality of the structural design for one hydropower underground house, based on reasonable selection of loading method for generator pier, and appropriate dealing with volute casing and draft tube water pressure. Take a typical underground house of anlagensektion to build the three-dimensional finite element model, and spectrum method was applied to analyze underground powerhouse anti-seismic characteristic. The seismic response characteristic of powerhouse just under seismic action and static load of normal operation jointly are investigated. The anti-seismic safety property of powerhouse is evaluated. It provides scientific basis for powerhouse dynamic design and operation control that station project.
Analysis on the Human Factors to the Air Pollution in Large Supermarket Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Gu Wei Li , Peng Hao Ming
Published: June 2011

Studies the air pollution in large supermarket with the consideration of human factors for the first time, adopts AHP to analyze the influence degree of human factors, defines the important degree of different human factors, and discusses the control methods of air pollution in large supermarket.
Hydrodynamics Simulation Study on Dian Lake Ecosystem
Authors: Cheng Hao Liang , Yang Ju Rui , Hu Ji Min , Lu Zhen Ai
Published: June 2011

Aiming at the eutrophication state of Dian Lake, based on hydrodynamics principle, and some available information about Dian Lake, such as eco-environmental construction planning, the previous work, and so on, a vertical-averaged 2-D hydrodynamic model of ecosystem is established under combination of wetland plants, bed mud, and water change. The model is applied to simulate flow and concentration fields of present lake water, and lake waters after breakwater removal and wetland build. It is also used to simulate concentration field of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard. The influences of wetland plants and water expanding on flow field and water quality are analyzed, and the effect of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard on water quality is analyzed, too. The results show that: The influence of water expanding on flow field is local; and the influence of wetland plants on flow field occurs primarily at wetland areas; and the influence of water expanding on water quality is not great because the total phosphorus(TP) and the total nitrogen(TN) reduce to 1.69mg/L and 0.16mg/L from 2.08mg/L and 0.19mg/L respectively; and the influence of ecological wetland on water quality is great, because the TP and the TN reduce to 0.76mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively, which could make the water quality of Dian Lake reach Ⅲ class of The National Surface Water Standards; and the influence of wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard on water quality is big, because the TP and the TN reduce to 0.17mg/L and 0.01mg/L respectively, which could obviously improve the water quality. Therefore, wastewater discharged into Dian Lake which meets the discharge standard and artificial wetland play an important role in the improvement of the ecological environment of Dian Lake.
Advanced Inelastic Analysis of Frame Structures Considering Shearing and Warping Deformations
Authors: Wang Lian Kun
Published: June 2011

The paper addresses the derivation of a concentrated plastic-hinge finite element modelling for nonlinear analysis of space steel frames. The interpolation functions considering shearing deformation are adopted and cubic polynomial interpolation functions based on Kollbrnner-Dajdin modified constraint torsion theory are used to consider the warping deformation, with these functions the effect of the secondary shear stress can be taken into account. With the expanded Orbison’s yielding surface, the plastic-hinge method used to do nonlinear analysis of space steel frames is derived by introducing elastic-plastic hinge parameter of element cross section. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the validity and the universality of the proposed approach and the results show the new model is accurate and suitable for the nonlinear analysis of steel frameworks.
Visible Light Activated Photocatalytic Degradation Effect of V-TiO2 on Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
Authors: Shen Chih Hsiu , Chang Chen Yu , Lo Shang Lien
Published: June 2011

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has been added into fuel extensively as oxygenate. Due to high water solubility, MTBE is not easy to be removed from contaminated groundwater. Common control techniques for MTBE include combustion, adsorption, biological treatment and air stripping etc. In this study, the V-doped TiO2was synthesized by modified sol-gel method and its’ photocatalytic degradation effect on MTBE irradiated under visible (λ= 419 nm) was evaluated. The crystal structure of V-doped TiO2was found mainly anatase using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD)and its size was estimated about 20 nm using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). According to the brunauer emmett teller (BET), the surface area of doped Vanaduium on TiO2decreased due to the decrease of porodity. Comparing with the response for visible light, the V-TiO2complex had significantly efficiency of photocatalytic degradation for MTBE under visible light irradiation and the destruction removal efficiency (DRE) of photocatalytic degradation was up to 83 % for 10 ppm of MTBE under visible light irradiation.These evidences suggest that the composite V-TiO2under visible light irradiation can be widely used to treat other organic hazardous or recalcitrant pollutants in the practical contaminated groundwater.
Research on Effect of Copper on Chlorophytum Comosum-Soil System
Authors: Wang You Bao , Wang Nan Nan , Wu Dan
Published: June 2011

In this study, Chlorophytum comosum was used to restore the artificially polluted soil by pot-planting. The results showed that the sensitivity of soil enzymatic activities was ranked as follows: urease > invertase > phosphatase > catalase, as their activities were only 25.71%, 33.33%, 37.88% and 55.49% compared to CK. The electrical conductivity (EC) value of soil increased from 98.3 to 608.7 µs·cm-1with the increase of copper (Cu) concentration in soil, but the organic matter had no significant difference between different treatments. The bioaccumulation coefficients (BC) and translocation factors (TF) value of C. comosum were both above 0.5 when Cu concentration in soil was up to 500mg·kg-1, which indicated that there might be an excellent and transport mechanism in C. comosum. In conclusion, C. comosum is a potential ornamental plant in recovering Cu-contaminated soils.
Molecular Weight Distribution of Organics in Raw and Treated Water
Authors: Fang Hua , Xu De Fu , Fu Xiao Ru , Wang Yuan , Lu Ji Lai
Published: June 2011

Levels of organic matters in raw water from Huangpu River and treated water from different processes have been investigated. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) have been determined on ultrafiltrate (UF) (MW cut-off of 1K and 10K Daltons) samples. The organics in raw water are majority of lower MW (<1K Daltons) fractions. The conventional treatment processes are effective in removing higher MW (>10K Daltons) organics, while granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption can reduce organics with lower MW significantly. The lower MW fractions correspond to 60%~70% of the AOC in raw and treated waters, and much higher than other MW fractions. This indicates that the AOC is mainly related to organics with lower MW. In order to decrease AOC level to achieve biostability in drinking water, the processes which can reduce lower MW organics effectively must be employed.
Effects of Aeration Volume on Velocity Distribution of Fluid in Multi-Flora Biological Wastewater Treatment Reactor
Authors: Bian De Jun , Ren Qing Kai , Wan Li Guo , Ai Sheng Shu , Tian Xi , Qu Hong
Published: June 2011

The flow characteristics and effects of aeration volume on velocity distribution of the fluid in primary reaction zone of multi-flora biological wastewater treatment reactor were studied with clean water. Experimental results demonstrated that the fluid in primary reaction zone formed non-symmetrical cycle flow in the vertical plane with lower flow velocity in the central area and higher flow velocity in the peripheral area under the lifting action of the bubbles from perforated aerated pipe. As the aeration volume varied from1.0 m3/h to 2.2 m3/h, the flow velocity of central points had lower increased rate contrary to the peripheral points with higher increased rate in primary reaction area. Thus, the decreasing gradient of flow velocity of the primary reaction zone from the outer race to the center could be changed by controlling the aeration volume. For the design and operation of multi-flora biological wastewater treatment reactor, the results had important guiding significances that were listed out.
Cation Exchange Capacity Of a Quartz-Rich Soil in an Acidic and Basic Environment
Authors: Eisazadeh Amin , Kassim Khairul Anuar , Nur Hadi
Published: June 2011

In this research, the time-dependent changes induced in charge characteristics of phosphoric acid and lime treated quartz-rich kaolinitic soil were investigated. Also, in order to study the relationship between the exchange capacity and the pore water chemistry, pH measurements was performed on cured samples. Based on the collected data, it was found that the pH of stabilized soils showed a tendency for reaching soil’s natural pH with increasing curing time. In addition, the increase in number of broken bonds around the edges of soil particles and also the formation of cementitious compounds that acquired negative charges contributed to achieving higher CECpvalues at longer curing periods. From engineering point of view, the lime treated samples revealed the highest degree of improvement with an approximately 16-fold strength increase in comparison to the natural soil over an 8 months curing period.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Price Competition Strategy for Water Market
Authors: Yu Rong , Wang Hui Min , Niu Wen Juan
Published: June 2011

Optimal allocations of water resources include initial water allocation and water right exchange in the water market. The spontaneous evolution of price competition strategies for completed water markets is analyzed using evolutionary game theory in this paper. This paper also analyzes the evolutionary process of bidding strategy of water supply enterprises and obtains the evolutionary stable strategy. Moreover, the practical significance of this strategy is analyzed and the related stability analysis is conducted. Studies real that the system is stable when water supply enterprises adopt the same strategy, i.e., they all quote a relatively high offer or offer according to the cost. At the same time official mechanism is brought forward to control and accommodate water market price strategy so as to show advantages.
The Isolation of one Chlorpyrifos Degrading Microbe and the Research of its Degrading Characterisation
Authors: Niu Ming Fen , Xu Wen Di , Ming Tie Shan , Wang Sai Yue
Published: June 2011

A strain of bacteria X1 that can effectively degrade chlorpyrifos is isolated from the activated sludge in the aeration biological tank of municipal sewage treatment plant.X1 is G-.The degradation of chlorpyrifos and the growth are measured by different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH,and temperature.The results show that,the chlorpyrifos is not the single carbon source and nitrogen source to X1,and it has good growth and degradation rates when the pH value is 5.0 and 9.0,the temperature is about 30°C,and the best incubation time is two days,the additional carbon and nitrogen can make X1 grow better,but has little effect on the degradation rate.This study determined the best culture conditions for the bacterial X1 growth and degradation of chlorpyrifos,make theoretical basis for the development of antimicrobial and field application.
Simultaneous Removal of Heavy-Metal Ions by MnO2 Loaded D301 Resin
Authors: Ma Hong Mei , Zhu Zhi Liang , Cheng Yong Qian
Published: June 2011

MnO2-loaded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin was used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ andCu2+ from aqueous solution contained high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The effects of solution pH and coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated. The results indicated that Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ andCu2+ can be simultaneously removed in the wide pH range of 3 to 8. The coexistence of PO43− decreased the heavy metal ions removal rate, but for other high concentrations coexistence cations and anions such as Na+, K+, Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and HCO3−, there is no significant impact on removal rate of heavy metals. The adsorption isotherm can be well described by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model. High adsorption capacity makes it a good promising candidate material for simultaneous removal of Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ andCu2+ from aqueous solution with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions.
The Effect of Urban Rail Transit on Decreasing Energy Consumption and Air Pollution in Ahvaz City
Authors: Tabatabaiee Seyed Abbas , Rahman Ali
Published: June 2011

In this paper, the effect of utilizing first urban rail transit on decreasing energy consumption as well as air pollution in Ahvaz has been investigated. The No. 1metro path in Ahvaz with 23 kilometers length will connect the north eastern part of the city to its south western part by passing through the central area and crossing Karun River. At the beginning, some points will be mentioned regarding railway systems around the world and then the specification of Ahvaz No. 1 metro will be introduced. Finally, the amount of decreasing energy consumption and air pollution after utilizing 4 urban metro lines will be investigated. The results have shown considerable effects on decreasing these items.
Influence of Sediments on Permeability of Recharge Well with Filter Layer during Artificial Recharge of Groundwater
Authors: Li Wang Lin , Li Ying Te
Published: June 2011

A kind of recharge well with filter layer exists in recharge engineering of Wanghe groundwater reservoir in Laizhou city of China. During artificial recharge of groundwater, layered sediments will silt in the surface layer of recharge well with filter layer. Through doing vertical permeability test of combined soil specimen of silt and sand, we simulate permeability influence to filter layer of recharge well with filter layer during artificial recharge of groundwater. The test indicates that silt reduces permeability of filter layer and recharge capacity of recharge well with filter layer. Also we discover that there are errors in theoretical calculated value of coefficient of permeability for combined soil specimen by the formula of equivalent coefficient of permeability in layered soil, which need to be corrected.
Compressive Strength Characteristics and Volume Change of Sewage Sludge Matrices Solidified by a New Binder
Authors: Wang Yue Xiang , Ding Jian Wen , Hong Zhen Shun
Published: June 2011

The disposal of sewage sludge is an important issue in practical engineering. This study proposes a new method of solidifying sewage sludge with stone material waste and portland cement. The effects of mass ratio were discussed by the investigations of unconfined compressive strength and volume change of the solidified samples for different curing time. Experimental results show that the binders appeared effective for improving the strength of matrices. it was also found that the volume capacity of matrices increased little, which is important to municipal solid waste disposal. Overall, the work suggests that stone material waste can be utilized as a substitution material for cement to reduce the cost of sludge disposal.
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Applied to Indoor Building Material: Towards an Improved Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Yu Qing Liang , Ballari M.M. , Brouwers H.J.H.
Published: June 2011

In the present article, kinetics of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of nitric oxide (NO, as a typical air pollutant) is addressed. An extended Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction rate model is proposed to describe the PCO of NO under indoor air conditions. The derived model incorporates the influence of the indoor air conditions in the process of the PCO. The good agreement between the predictions from the model and experimental results indicates the validity of the proposed model.
New Oil-Absorbent Fiber Absorb the Oil of Water
Authors: Tao Mei , Niu Jin Tao , Jin Bao Dan
Published: June 2011

Experiment uses the Suspension Polymerization, under the dual oxidation-reduction system of H2O2-xanthate and H2O2-FeSO4initiating, the lipophilic- monomer of BMA is grafted on the frame of cotton fiber which prepares oil-absorbent fiber. It has studied the adsorption kinetics, adsorption transfer and isothermal absorption model of the oil-absorbent fiber for the oily wastewater under 25°C. The result shows that the adsorption kinetics of the oil-absorbent fiber for the oily wastewater accords with pseudo second order kinetic model, it could get that the initial swelling rate is increase with stirring speed increasing from fitting. Particles internal diffusion model analyzing shows that the diffusion rate of external diffusion and particles internal diffusion are similar, increasing the stirring speed could increase the internal diffusion rate and external diffusion rate. Increasing the stirring speed could increase capacity mass transfer rate and it benefits to absorb. The absorbing of oil-absorbent fiber for oily wastewater accords with Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal absorption model.
Research on Operational Risk Management of the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China
Authors: Chen Jun Fei , Yang Liu , Weng Yuan
Published: June 2011

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) in China is a considerable trans-basin water transfer project which can relieve the serious water resources shortage in northern of China and optimize water resources allocation. The construction of SNWTP has strategic importance to transfer the water from south to north and realize the target of water resources allocation. The operational management risks of SNWTP are discussed in this paper and the eastern route of SNWTP is studied as a case. The definition and connotation is given on the risk of operational management of SNWTP and the operational risk factors of SNWTP are distinguished. The index system of operational management risks is established. Considering the uncertainty of the risks of SNWTP, the risk evaluation model based on evidence theory is put forward. The countermeasures for the operational management risks of eastern route of SNWTP is brought up from the aspects of establishing risks management organization, risks management platform and emergency mechanism, technical methods and so on.
A Study on an Inverse Estimation Method for Solving Soil-Structure Interaction System
Authors: Lee Ming Hui
Published: June 2011

This paper describes a numerical algorithm to determine the responses of the soil-structure interaction system due to known ground motion acceleration. A ground motion acceleration of known magnitude was suddenly applied to the soil-structure interaction system by direct method and then utilized this displacement to estimate others relative displacements by a Kalman filter technique. In order to examine the accuracy of the proposed method, the difference material soil-structure system is subjected to the actual ground motion acceleration. The results show that this method has the advantages of stability and accuracy.
The Decontamination of Vehicle Emissions NOx through Functionality Surface of Concrete Road
Authors: Ai Xi Feng , Chen Meng
Published: June 2011

Based on vehicle emissions of decontamination by using nanometer titanium dioxide of photocatalysis method, we had optimized test about content of nano-TiO2 and surfactant and utilized permeability technology to make environmental protection materials of concrete nano-TiO2, consequently decontaminate vehicle emissions. On this foundation, we tested degradation effect of nanometer titanium dioxide in simulation road surface by a kind of testing system that it was designed by us. Results of experiment revealed that decontaminating rate of the productions ranged from22% to 48% this kind of photochemical catalysis environmental protection material has good environment purification function.
Climate Change Mitigation through Forest-Based Carbon Sequestration Projects in China: Potential Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Liu En , Liu Shi Rong
Published: June 2011

The CDM-AR project is a market-oriented approach to absorb carbon dioxide through afforestation and reforestation according to the Kyoto Protocol. This paper analysised the status of the CDM-AR projects in China, and asked why there are so few CDM-AR projects in China even in the world? The reasons include: Financial constraints, Constraints associated with knowledge, skills and other social factors. The particular reasons for China include: the specific terrains and soil fertility in China, the ownership of the forest land and so on. The CDM-AR project which can offer many economic, social and environmental beneﬁts, is at the initial stage. It has great potential. The potentials of the CDM-AR project include: introduction of foreign capital and advanced technology from developed countries; establish of the forest ecological compensation mechanism in China; lower cost than the cutting emission ways at home for the developed countries.
Research of Volterra Series Kernel Coefficient Calculation Method
Authors: Chen Yu , Wen Xin Ling , Meng Jin Tao
Published: June 2011

Volterra series kernel coefficient calculation of non-linear system is a difficult problem. In this paper, we introduce some way, which can get kernel coefficient. With the increasing of memory length and identification order, it can make calculation complex and hard to rebuild system non-linear model. This article introduces some conventional Volterra series kernel calculation ways, and introduces a kind of method to get Volterra series kernel through using Hilbert space method emphasis, this method can transform Volterra series kernel coefficient calculation problem into reproducing kernel coefficient problem, which has largely simple calculation rate and can get any order Volterra series kernel coefficient in theory.
Theoretical Studies of the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Mercury/Aluminium Oxide Interface
Authors: He Ping , Wu Jiang , Jiang Xiu Min , Chen Nai Chao
Published: June 2011

Density-functional theory (DFT) theory is conducted for the structural and electronic features at the Hg/Al2O3 interface by the analysis of optimal structural geometry, partial density of states (PDOS) and difference charge density. The two adsorption sites of on-top and hollow locations according to the symmetry is adopted to construct the associated interfacial models between Hg atom and free surface. The calculated studies show that the oxygen atoms near Hg atom in the Al2O3 surface, for both on-top and hollow sites, have the gathering effect by shifting toward Hg atom. But their interacting electrons at the interface exhibit different statues in terms of the PDOS analysis that there have no evolution tendency to form the bond between associated O and Hg atoms at the on-top site; and the occurrence of Hg-5d and O-2p overlapping orbitals reveals the strong covalent bond existed at the interface. The PDOS curves show that Al atom in the surface is not liable to contribute to the formation of corresponding bonds by mixing its electrons with Hg atom. Meanwhile, the calculated results derived from difference charge density are in good agreement with the PDOS analysis. The calculated results support some advanced atomic investigation on design a new sorbent refined from fly gas, especially improving the mercury removal from the flue gas.
Adsorption of 2-Methylisoborneol in Drinking Water by Different Granular Carbons
Authors: Ma Xiao Yan , Gao Nai Yun , Li Jun , Chen Chen
Published: June 2011

Three kinds of granular carbon made from different materials of coal, coconut shell and jujube seed were evaluated for adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol in drinking water by equilibrium isotherm simulation. Results showed that Freundlich isotherm can more suitable to describe the adsorption of these three kinds of carbon. For coal-based, coconut shell and jujube seed carbon, the largest adsorption capacity of 2-MIB were 2225.0，3152.8 and 1E-07（ng/g）(L/ng)n respectively in pure water, and in raw water they were 559.6，612.5 and 6E-28（ng/g）(L/ng)n respectively, about one-fifth of those in pure water. Among the selected carbons, coconut shell carbon had the largest adsorption capacity, followed by coal-based and jujube seed carbon which can hardly absorb 2-MIB.
Axial Compression Test of Perforated Section Steel Column Reinforced with Overlapped Plates
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Luo Zhi Cheng , Chen Xiao Mei
Published: June 2011

The feasibility of two new methods to reinforce the perforated section steel column was verified by two groups of axial compression tests, each group contained two specimens. The test results showed that reinforcement plates and original steel skeleton can work together effectively before specimens overall yielded whether front fillet weld or weld all around was adopted for the connection of reinforcement plates with the steel skeleton. After most of the measuring points on reinforcement plates yielded, reinforcement plates by front fillet weld plumped outward and deformed rapidly; however, no notable deformation was found for the reinforcement plates by weld all around. From the load–displacement curves of the specimens , the yield load of the section steel column by weld all around was a little larger than that of section steel column by front fillet weld. In general, the connection of reinforcement plates with the steel skeleton by weld all around was better than that by front fillet weld.
Analysis and Adjustment Techniques of Mounting Error for Frame Construction Block
Authors: Chai Zhi Wei , Zhang Qing , Liu Ming
Published: June 2011

For the assembling adjustment of deck sheets in the frame construction block of the offshore platform, the optimized mathematical model is established oriented to reducing the overall error of steel structure based on transformation of coordinates and the least squares method. On the basis of measurement, a comprehensive analysis of column centerline offset, deck degree of level, the deck height request is conduct to guide deck sheet positioning and improve the accuracy of block installation. The critical error columns are identified by the error analysis to reduce the modified workload of the deck.
Cultivation of Aerobic Granular Sludge under Selective Pressure in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Su Kui Zu , Wang Chang , Fang Hui
Published: June 2011

Aerobic granules were cultivated in the sequencing batch reactor at 15-25°C, pH 7.0 ± 0.1. Settling time decreased from 5 minutes to 1 minute gradually. As increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N in influent, COD removal efficiency and mixed liquid suspended solids of the reactor increased. Sludge volume index decreased continuously for a few days and then stabilized at 22 ml g-1. Selective pressure induced by settling velocity was proved to play a crucial role in activated sludge granulation. Based on the continuously measured data, the granulation process was divided into three phases, granules namely initiating, developing and maturating.
Discussion of High Arch Dam by Performance-Based Deformation
Authors: Tao Yan , Cheng He Ming , Hu Xing Guo , Li Zhi Jun
Published: June 2011

Dam security is the key of concrete high dam. This thesis proposes design flow chart in high arch in service, according to researches of dam brought performance-based design theory. The reliability method is adopted, based concrete behavior of change by strain rate and hold time of load influence in seismic action. In elastic stage, using control total cost formulas get corresponding deformation of arch dam under the minimum total, provided a reference for project.
Research on Mechanical Property Test of CFRP Hanger in Steel Box Arch Bridge
Authors: Chen Qiang , Liu Ling Yong
Published: June 2011

This paper was combined with a real bridge to construct a carbon fiber arch bridge scale test model according to similar principles, thereby testing and researching on its mechanical properties. Space finite element analysis software Midas / Civil was adopted for space simulation study of all working conditions in each use stage of the model bridge. The test results showed that: CFRP hanger tension and load in all working conditions of the model experience were basically changed in a linear mode, its working conditions were normal, all working conditions were basically matched with the theoretical calculation values except the hanger whose specific anchors were provided with slight slip, which indicates that it is feasible to allocate CFRP hanger in bowstring arch bridge while indicating that calculation and analysis results of finite element program can be used to guide loading work, measuring point selection and other work of the model bridge, and the experimental data and analysis results are correct.
Numerical Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened with Pre-Stressed CFRP Sheets
Authors: Yang Yong Xin , Zhang Wei , Guan Zeng Wei , Xie Wei
Published: June 2011

Through the finite element analysis software, fourteen strengthened beams are calculated in the condition of considering bonding-slip or not respectively. Comparing simulation results with test and theoretical calculation, We can draw the following conclusions: Testing reinforced concrete beams when there is no debonding, ANSYS simulation, theoretical calculations and experimental results agree well. Testing reinforced concrete beams when there is debonding. By considering the bond-slip calculation model calculation accuracy is higher. .Numerical results show that, prestressed CFRP with relative of prestressed girder of carbon fibre reinforced beam can significantly improve the cracking beam loading, and effectively improve the yield loads, but the ultimate load.
Experimental Analysis of Interface Bond-Slip Relations between the Concrete and Fiber Plasterboard
Authors: Jiang Xin Liang , Zhao Quan Bin
Published: June 2011

The study on bond-slip performance at the interface of concrete frames-fiber plasterboard (CFFP) is very significant to perfect the theory of CFFP and the FEM analytical models. The pull-out experiment on eight CFFP from three series does research on the effect of concrete strength and the interface length on the interfacial bond strength of fiber plasterboard and core column concrete. The experiment of CFFP is well-designed to obtain the curve of bond-slip constitutive relationship.
Experimental Behavior of Full Scale URM Building Retrofitted with Ferrocement Overlay
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Naeem Khan Akhtar , Ali Qaisar , Shahzada Khan , Naseer Amjad
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a study on the behavior of a damaged full scale unreinforced brick masonry building, retrofitted with ferrocement overlay and cement based grout injection, tested under cyclic loading. Damage mechanism and force-deformation behavior of the retrofitted structure are compared with its pre-damaged response to quantify the beneficial effects of retrofitting scheme. The lateral load capacity of the retrofitted building was significantly improved and the damage mechanism was transformed from mixed compression-flexural-shear mode to a more stable flexural rocking mode. The energy dissipation capacity, however, remained unchanged and the deformation capacity was slightly decreased.
Experimental Study on High-Temperature Characteristic of Compound Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt and Mixture
Authors: Wang Lan , Xing Yong Ming , Chang Chun Qing
Published: June 2011

Compound crumb rubber modified asphalt (CCRMA) is a kind of compound modified asphalt. It is made from putting granulated crumb rubber (GCR) crashed from scrap tires and SBS modifier into matrix asphalt, though shearing by high speed shearing machine and growthing. It has good low temperature crack-resistant attributes, and better preventing high temperature distortion as well. The application of abandoned rubber tire is significant to cutting down on pollution,developing circular economy and protecting the environment. The microstructure of matrix asphalt and CCRMA is observed by SEM. Based on the results of temperature sweep test for CCRMA and uniaxial compression creep test for CCRMA mixture, the high-temperature characteristic of compound modified asphalt and mixture is studied. It is observed that, CCRMA has preferable anti-permanent deformation performance. CCRMA mixture has perferable anti-high temperature deformation performation. In the meantime, the viscous-elastic parameters of CCRMA mixture is obtained by fitting experimental data, it provides a referance for viscoelastic mechanics analyze of bituminous pavement.
Evaluation of Airport Pavement Service Performance Based on Fuzzy Matter Element and Combination Weights Method
Authors: Yan Xiang Cheng , Weng Xing Zhong , Liu Xiao Jun , Jia Jian Qiang
Published: June 2011

The evaluation of airport pavement service performance plays an important role in pavement maintenance, rehabilitation and overlay. A systematic pavement performance evaluation model was established using the Fuzzy Complex Matter Element and combination weights. Firstly, the indices for evaluation such as Pavement Condition Index, Friction Coefficient, roughness performance and Bearing Capability were chose to evaluat the airport pavement service performance. Secondly, the synthesis weight of each evaluation index was determined using Entropy Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process Method. Finally, the relevancy degree fuzzy complex matter element was determined, and the degree of the airport pavement service performance can be determined according to the largest relevancy degree principle. This evaluation method has a broader applicable scope, because it is not only capable in considering subjective factors based on experts and experience, but also capable in considering the precision of objective information from the actual measuring reasonably. Finally, three regions of an airport pavement are evaluated by this method, and the evaluation results agree well with the actual pavement condition.
Performance and Application of Sampave Overlaying on Old Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Xing Ming Liang , Chen Shuan Fa , Li Zu Zhong , Chen Hua Xin , Wang Bing Gang
Published: June 2011

How to prevent and delay the emergence of reflective cracks effectively is a most important task for road researchers to the asphalt mixture overlaid on the old cement concrete pavement. Several methods preventing reflective cracks prevention have been used before, but few are satisfied. In this paper Sampave is put forward as a new method or structure which is better than the others. Base on principle of reflective cracks, a new layer named Sampave was put forward. And this paper discusses its aspaht, gradation and performance. According to the requirement reasonable gradation is suggested for practice. By means of researching on materials performance in the lab, it is obviously that Sampave has good performance at low temperature. Results of bending and creep test indicate that Sampave has good ability in resisting deformation. Meanwhile the result of fatigue test indicates that the fatigue life of Sampave is more than 210 thousand, therefore it has good performance in anti-cracking, and also the results of application in the project show its advantages in resisting reflective cracks.
The Research on Building up the Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Evaluation Model and Evaluation System about the Cement Concrete Pavement on the Basis of the Fuzzy Mathematics Theory
Authors: Liu Zong Bin , Fei Wei Shui , Wu Pei Guan , Chen Fei
Published: June 2011

Making reference to the process of cement concrete pavement evaluation about current design, construction quality examination，highway maintenance management code, this paper builds up a hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation model about the cement concrete pavement on the basis of the fuzzy mathematics theory, and confirms the weight of every process by the analytic hierarchy process, trying to elicit the import of each index, and sets up an evaluation system of the cement concrete pavement.
Analysis on the Stability of Tailing Dam under Seepage
Authors: Zhou Yang Yang , Fei Wei Shui , Liu Wen Lian
Published: June 2011

The seepage field of tailings pond is analyzed. Based on the result distribution of hydraulic head and velocity in the dam body, seismic analysis is carried out for the tailings pond in steady flow state. Three seismic waves are input and the safety factors of dam under seismic action are also achieved. The results show that the safety factor will decrease 9%~16% with the seismic intensity increase one degree.
Study Fatigue Performance Predict Model of Asphalt Layer Basement on Accelerated Loading Test
Authors: Chen Shao Xing , Ren Wei Xin
Published: June 2011

Fatigue performance of asphalt layer was studied by ALF full scale accelerated loading test. Fatigue performance characteristic of ALF test road was analyzed during accelerated loading. The relationship of road performance index of test period and accelerated loading times was established. Asphalt mixture laboratory four-point flexure beam fatigue test was processed by controlled strain mode. The relationship of field ALF test sections and laboratory fatigue test were built; the fatigue life of asphalt layer predicted methods were proposed.
3-D Permeability Model of Porous Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Guan Yan Bin
Published: June 2011

3-D permeability model is set up through image analysis of porous asphalt mixture sample slice by cosmos image technique on the basis of 2-D permeability model of porous asphalt mixture. The result shows that the numerical simulation permeability outcome is consistent with the indoor permeability test outcome. The model can simulate any maximum congregate diameter in different water surface level and the permeability coefficient of any open-graded porous asphalt mixture. The model offers an effective method for the designing of the porous asphalt mixture.