bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Making and Management of Anterior Knee Pain in Young Patients With Pathological Femoral Anteversion: A Critical Analysis Review
Authors: Sanchis-Alfonso Vicente , Teitge Robert A.
Published: July 2024

Pathological femoral anteversion (FAV) or femoral maltorsion is often overlooked as a cause of anterior knee pain (AKP). Therefore, it should be routinely evaluated during physical examination of the patient with AKP. FAV is a problem because it changes the direction of the quadriceps and thereby the force acting on the patellofemoral joint. The Murphy CT method comes closest to showing the anatomical reality when FAV is evaluated. The treatment of choice in a patient with AKP with symptomatic excessive FAV is the femoral derotational osteotomy. Before doing a derotational osteotomy, the hip joint should be evaluated to avoid hip pain. Currently, no scientific evidence supports the cutoff point at which derotational femoral osteotomy should be the treatment of choice in young patients with AKP with symptomatic pathological FAV. Furthermore, no evidence exists regarding the level at which the osteotomy must be done.
Diversity on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons National Meeting Podium: Changes Over Two Decades
Authors: Samineni Aneesh , Tornetta Paul
Published: July 2024

Background:

There has been an increase in diversity initiatives regarding selecting speakers for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) annual meeting and courses. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of female or underrepresented minority (URM) speakers for instructional course lectures (ICLs) and AAOS courses over the past 2 decades including a surrogate for expertise.

Methods:

For 2002, 2012, and 2022, the academic and demographic information of speakers and the number of publications at the time of their speaking role were obtained and compared by sex and URM status. Owing to the unequal sample sizes between male versus female cohorts and URM versus non-URM cohorts, the Welch t-test was used.

Results:

The percentage of ICL and AAOS course speakers who were female increased over time (ICL, AAOS courses): 2002 (2.6%, 3.3%), 2012 (3.9%, 6.3%), and 2022 (11.8%, 15.5%) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The percentage of female AAOS fellows in these years was 2.9%, 4.7%, and 7.4%, respectively. For ICLs and AAOS course speakers, female presenters had fewer publications than male counterparts (ICL, AAOS courses): 2002 (P < 0.001, P = 0.048), 2012 (P = 0.003, P < 0.001), and 2022 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). For ICLs in 2022, URM speakers had a similar number of publications compared with non-URM speakers. In 2022, URMs comprised 6.9% of ICL speakers and 4% of AAOS fellows. For 2022 ICLs, there were no significant differences in academic institution, position, or region when compared by sex or URM status. For AAOS courses, the percentage of URM speakers increased over time: 2002 (1.1%), 2012 (4.5%), and 2022 (8.6%). For AAOS courses, URM presenters had similar publications compared with non-URM presenters in 2002 and 2022 but less in 2012 (P = 0.027).

Discussion:

The percentage of women and URMs presenting ICLs and AAOS courses has increased over the past 2 decades and exceeded the percentage they represent in the AAOS by over 50%. The female cohort has fewer publications, on average, than the male cohort for all years evaluated, indicating no institutional bias against female speakers.
The Minority Languages of Tripura with Special Reference to Kokborok Language: A Study on the Language Demography of Tripura, India
Authors: Debbarma Sudeshna , Debbarma Mousami
Published: July 2024

Linguistically, Tripura is a case of one dominant language and several minority languages. This study aims to identify the minority languages endemic to Tripura, with the objective of preserving and protecting the identified languages. The present study is based on the secondary data collected from the Census of India, 2011 and Ethnologue, 2024. The descriptive research method has been used to analyse the data. The study reveals that eight minority languages are enlisted by the Directorate of Kokborok and Other Minority Languages in Tripura. The eight languages are Kokborok, Manipuri, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Kuki-Mizo, Garo, Halam, Chakma and Mogh. Out of the eight minority languages enlisted by the said directorate of Tripura, Kokborok is the only language endemic to Tripura, and other minority languages have their language core areas outside the state. The core area of Kokborok is situated in Tripura, and the periphery areas are spread in the adjacent Indian states of Mizoram and Assam and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. However, the Kokborok language is a vulnerable minority language in its core area. The language speakers account for only 25.9 per cent of the total speakers in Tripura. Even after gaining official status on January 19, 1979, the Kokborok language is not widely used in educational institutions, official circulars, press, television, courts, and financial or social institutions, weakening language vitality. Therefore, considering the endemic character of the Kokborok language, meaning that the Kokborok language holds unique traits and adaptations to environmental conditions in the region, its minority status and low language vitality, the Kokborok language needs to be preserved and protected.
Major clinical and metabomic approaches to childhood obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Teixeira Filho Mauro Lopes , Dourado Anna Beatriz de Moraes
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In the context of childhood obesity, of children under 5 years of age in Brazil, 7% are overweight and 3% meet the criteria for obesity. Globally, according to a report from the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that the total number of overweight and obese children in the world could reach 75 million by the year 2025. Objective: It was to carry out a systematic review to present the main approaches to clinical and metabolomics of childhood obesity. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The research was carried out from February to April 2024 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: 110 articles were recruited for the initial evaluation. A total of 41 articles were evaluated and 19 were included in this systematic review. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 28 studies that did not meet GRADE. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=58.7%>50%. It was concluded that miRNAs are potential biomarkers for the development of pathologies, such as obesity. A heterogeneous group of these molecules was found to be associated with obesity in children. miR-15b-5p, miR-486-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p were considered good candidates for childhood obesity biomarkers. MiRNA-dependent mechanisms regulate up to 60% of all human genes. MiRNAs influence multiple pathways, including insulin signaling, immune-mediated inflammation, adipokine expression, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and regulation of food intake.
Attributes Associated with Burnout among Pediatric Residents in Training Hospitals of Central Visayas
Authors: Corpuz Ellaine Shiela Marie , Escobar-Buot Michelene E , Wagas Mary Ann A
Published: July 2024

This study focused on burnout among pediatric resident physicians in Central Visayas, exploring its association with various factors and coping strategies. The research objectives aimed to describe the socio-demographic profiles of respondents, assess burnout levels, analyze psychological distress, examine associations between socio-demographic factors and burnout/psychological distress, and identify burnout factors and coping strategies. The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 80 pediatric residents, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, and self-assessment questions. The analysis included mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests to explore associations and predictors of burnout. The findings revealed no incidence of burnout but indicated moderate emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and high personal accomplishment. The majority had experienced burnout in previous residency years. The top burnout factors were co-residents, conflicts, and consultants, while coping strategies included stress eating, exercise, and vacation leave. Psychological distress ranged from mild to severe, with anxiety and depression prevalent among certain groups. The study suggests the need for work-life balance training to address burnout incidents, particularly in developing economies like the Philippines. This recommendation aims to support the well-being of pediatric residents and improve their work-life balance.
THE MODELLING OF A HYSTERESIS GRAPH OF PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS USING DEEP LEARNING BIDIRECTIONAL LSTM
Authors: Al-Inizi Fawwaz ,   Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automation of Technological Processes and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Płaczek Marek , Wróbel Andrzej , Harazin Jacek ,   Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automation of Technological Processes and Integrated Manufacturing Systems,   Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automation of Technological Processes and Integrated Manufacturing Systems,   Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Automation of Technological Processes and Integrated Manufacturing Systems
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of hysteresis is an integral part of dynamic systems in many fields of science such as physics, chemistry, biology and many more. It describes an inherent dependence of a system state based on the history of varying number of its previous states. Hysteresis can manifest as a dynamic lag between an input signal and an output system behaviour, which depends on the degree of that system dy-namics. Modelling systems containing hysteresis is a challenging mathematical task given their highly non-linear behaviour. This paper discusses and develop a deep learning model using bidirectional LSTM (long short-term memory) for predicting voltages necessary to stimulate a piezoelectric element to produce displacements in order to cancel or minimize vibrations. The predicted voltages rely on given displacements and time domain of the initial noise input. This noise input can then be ampliﬁed to match the resonance frequency of another piezoelectric element to generate the maximum voltage capable by this later piezoelectric element. This sinusoidal voltage then travels to a piezoelectric actuator to generate displacement that can cancel the initial noise. The model resulted a coefﬁcient of determination score of 0.99983, a loss score of 0.0092 and MSE (mean squared error) of 8.5568e-05. Created model has proven that machine learning is a viable method for hysteresis modelling and can be further improved with increased input data availability and further investigation into different deep learning algorithms.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF ROTARY ASSISTED ELECTROCHEMICAL ARC DRILLING (R-ECAD) PROCESS USING GRA
Authors: Grover Sahil ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India, Rajput Viveksheel , Mangal Sanjay Kumar , Singh Sarbjit , Kumar Sanjeev ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical Arc Drilling (ECAD) has demonstrated its effectiveness in micro-machining a variety of materials notwithstanding the inherent properties of materials. The increased machining properties of the ECAD method are a result of the inclusion of rotational effect of the working material. Better electrolyte replenishment, effective debris flushing, thin gas layer development, and spark uniformity are all credited with this improvement. Several input factors affect the machining characteristics of ECAD, making it difficult to simultaneously optimize these factors for several objectives. In order to maximise Material Removal Rate (MRR) and minimising Hole Overcut (HOC), this paper focuses on the multi-objective optimization of rotary-assisted ECAD (R-ECAD) input factors. Taguchi's L9 experimental design is used to produce micro-holes, and then Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is used to perform the multi-objective optimization. The chosen input factors are working material rotation (WR), tool feed rate (FR) and applied voltage (V), whereas the chosen response factors are MRR and HOC. Results indicate that the rotating effect of the working material, which aids in the replenishment of electrolyte and the creation of a stable gas layer surrounding the tool, is notably the most significant input factor. For maximising the MRR and minimising HOC, the GRA-based optimised factors were found to be AIICIIBIII (60 rpm, 40 V, 0.8 mm/min). The responses are greatly improved by 39% as compared to the original machining, as demonstrated by microscopy images obtained during the GRA-based input factor optimization.
EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AL-MG ALLOY BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION: TENSILE PROPERTIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: Comăneci Radu-Ioachim ,   “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, D. Mangeron 41, 700050, Iasi, Romania, Damaschin Vasile , Chicet Daniela-Lucia ,   “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, D. Mangeron 41, 700050, Iasi, Romania,   “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, D. Mangeron 41, 700050, Iasi, Romania
Published: July 2024

Aluminum and wrought non age-hardenable such as Al-Mg alloys became interesting alternatives for various structural applications in spite of generally moderate strength, but relatively good formability and good corrosion resistance. Increasing overall strength while preserving or even improving ductility in special conditions without any any change in chemical composition that oppositely could alter other features of the material - such as weldability, becomes an objective worthy of research. A suitable way to increase the potential of Al-Mg alloys is the raising up the mechanical properties by structural refinement. Ultrafine grain size provides enhanced mechanical and/or physical properties such as strength and very good ductility – close to superplasticity at slightly higher strain rate and relatively lower temperatures – and better corrosion resistance. Well-known as one of the most encouraging and efficacious structure refining method amid other severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has been deeply investigated thanks to dramatic improvements in structure and therefore properties of bulk ultrafine grained/nanostructured materials. The aim of this study is to evaluate by tensile testing at higher temperatures the mechanical properties of an Al-3.4%Mg alloy previously processed by ECAP up to 8 passes, as a candidate for replacing AA5154 which contains different amounts of chromium. The tensile tests conducted at different temperatures using a computer-controlled testing machine with different strain rates showed in terms of engineering stress vs. engineering strain evolution that the ECAPed Al-3.4%Mg alloy have the potential to be used in technological processes at high temperatures, opening opportunities for industrial applications requiring high ductility.
TRANSFORMATIVE EMOTIONAL JOURNEYS: RECONCEPTUALIZING GUILT, SHAME, HOPE, AND COMPASSION IN ADDICTION THERAPY
Authors: Yılmazer Eda , Çınaroğlu Metin
Published: July 2024

This paper reconceptualizes four key emotions—guilt, shame, hope, and compassion—in addiction therapy, proposing a novel framework that acknowledges their transformative potential. Traditional perceptions cast guilt and shame as purely negative, but this study posits them as motivators for change when reframed positively. Hope and compassion are re-envisioned as active forces, essential for resilience and recovery. Integrating positive psychology and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, the paper advocates for a therapeutic approach that focuses on strengths and growth, promoting a balanced treatment that fosters personal development. A literature review and theoretical analysis support the framework, calling for therapeutic engagement with emotions as central to the recovery process. The new model aims for a holistic, empathetic practice, empowering clients and suggesting a paradigm shift in clinical addiction therapy. Future research is encouraged to establish long-term efficacy and explore integration with conventional methods.
Efecto del gradiente altitudinal sobre las fajas de enriquecimiento en el Rodal 1, San Eusebio, Mérida, Venezuela.
Authors: Rangel Vasquez Ronald , Salcedo Pedro , Méndez Oriana , Dugarte Iraima , Valencia Raquel , Camacho Jorge , Camacho Gregory
Published: July 2024

Las fajas de enriquecimiento como sistema silvicultural, busca el aumento de especies arbóreas con alto interés comercial sobre la estructura de un bosque. El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue analizar la influencia de la altitud sobre las características dasométricas en la especie Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilg.) C.N.Page, establecida en fajas de enriquecimiento dentro del rodal número 1 en el bosque húmedo montano bajo, San Eusebio, Mérida, Venezuela. Para ello, se evaluaron tres fajas por bloque, dando un total de nueve fajas y 450 árboles evaluados (50 por cada faja), bajo un diseño de muestreo jerárquico o en anidados (bloques/fajas/árboles), los bloques dispuestos a diferentes altitudes desde 2 200 (bloque 1), 2 275 (bloque 2) y 2.350 (bloque 3) m s.n.m. Se evaluaron 3 parcelas de regeneración natural (20 m2 c/u) dentro de cada bloque, para un total de 9 parcelas y un área de 180 m2. La masa forestal presentó un área basal de 4,56 m2, volumen de madera de 60,41 m3 y una altura promedio de 13,4 m. Se concluyó que, a medida que se incrementa la altitud se ve favorecida la altura, el volumen y el área basal. Por tanto, la altitud es una variable topográfica que ejerce gran influencia sobre las características de una especie y debe ser considerada para futuros estudios.
Diversidad Florística del Complejo Montañoso Mojanda, Andes Norte de Ecuador. Plantas Comunes del Páramo y Bosque Montano
Authors: Tobar Francisco , Caiza Mayra , Perez Álvaro
Published: July 2024

El Complejo Montañoso Mojando se encuentra ubicado en los límites de las provincias de Imbabura y Pichincha, alberga a 3 áreas de Protección Hídrica (Incluir los nombres de las áreas) y es refugio para una cantidad importante de especies de Flora y Fauna. En 2021 se condujo una exploración biológica para actualizar la información sobre su biodiversidad y como resultado de este estudio fue posible actualizar la información florística de este sector elevando el número de registros a un total de 551 vs. las 480 especies reportadas en Base Nacional de Datos sobre Biodiversidad.  A continuación, presentamos el catálogo fotográfico de flora, producto del estudio de biodiversidad realizado en esta parte de Ecuador.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA FİKRİ MÜLKİYET VE HAKSIZ REKABET HÜKÜMLERİNİN KÜMÜLATİF UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: Büyükkılıç Gül
Published: July 2024

Fikri mülkiyet hukuku ile haksız rekabet huku-ku arasındaki ilişki uzun süredir tartışılagelen ve üzerinde halen fikir birliğine varılamamış bir konudur. Bu ilişkinin tespiti uygulamadaki sorunların çözümünde de belirleyici olacaktır. Nitekim fikri mülkiyet mevzuatı kapsamında özel olarak korunan, koruma süresi sona er-miş veya hiç tescil başvurusu yapılmamış ya da tescil başvurusu reddedilmiş veyahut tescili hükümsüz kılınarak koruma şartlarını kaybet-miş bir “fikri ürünün” haksız rekabet hüküm-leri kapsamında korunup korunmayacağı iki alanın karşılıklı durumlarının belirlenmesi ge-rekliliğini doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışma fikri mül-kiyet hukuku ile haksız rekabet hukukunun kümülatif olarak uygulanabilirliğinin doktrin ve yargı kararları ışığında incelenmesini konu almaktadır.
YARGITAY KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA İLAÇ MARKALARINDA KARIŞTIRILMA İHTİMALİ
Authors: Bozgeyik Hayri , Er Sefa
Published: July 2024

İlaç markalarında karıştırılma ihtimalinin değerlendirilmesinde ilacın kendine özgü özellikleri de dikkate alınmalıdır. İlacın kendine özgü özellikleri ilaç ürünlerinin ve işaretlerinin benzerliği ile ortalama tüketici kitlesinin belirlenmesinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. İlaç markaları için yapılan tescil başvurusu sırasında ilaç ruhsatının alınmış olması ve ilacın reçeteli olarak satılıp satılamayacağının belirtilmesi zorunlu olmamakla birlikte ürün benzerliği değerlendirilirken eğer ruhsat alınmış ise ilaçların somut benzerliği dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu kapsamda ilaçların birbiriyle rekabet hâlinde olup olmadığı, birbirinin tamamlayıcısı olarak kullanılıp kullanılmadığı, farklı endikasyonlara yönelik olup olmadıkları, eşdeğer ilaç veya orijinal ilaç olup olmadıkları gibi hususlar incelenmelidir. Ayrıca markaya konu işaretin ilacın etken maddesinden türetilip türetilmediği veya tedavisi amaçlanan hastalığa gönderme içeren sözcüklerden oluşup oluşmadığı veyahut da ilacın belli niteliklerine vurgu yapan işaretleri kapsayıp kapsamadığı da gözetilmelidir. Özellikle ilaç ürünlerinin karşılaştırılmasında bir ilacın reçeteli satılıp satılamayacağı hususu ortalama tüketicinin belirlenmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Dolayısıyla ülkede uygulanan sağlık politikaları da gözetilerek bir ilacın ortalama tüketicisinin kimlerden oluştuğu, bunların dikkat seviyesinin nasıl olması gerektiği belirlenerek bunların gözünden tüm hususlar hep birlikte dikkate alınarak karıştırılma ihtimali değerlendirilmelidir.
The Procedure of Extracting Natural Gas liquids in Cryosift Method
Authors: Bodasingi Gowri Mohan , Thandalam Anil Kumar
Published: July 2024

The extraction of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) plays a pivotal role in the modern energy landscape, serving as both a significant economic driver and a critical component of energy supply chains. This project investigates the comprehensive processes involved in NGL extraction, which includes the separation of ethane, propane, butanes, and natural gasoline from natural gas and crude oil. Key techniques such as cryogenic distillation, absorption, and fractionation are explored in depth, highlighting their operational principles, efficiency, and technological advancements. In addition to the technical aspects, this project examines the environmental impacts of NGL extraction and the strategies employed to mitigate these effects. Innovations in technology and process optimization are discussed, emphasizing their role in reducing carbon footprints and enhancing sustainability. The economic dimension of NGL extraction is also analyzed, with a focus on market trends, supply chain logistics, and the factors influencing global demand and pricing. Case studies from leading NGL extraction facilities are used to illustrate best practices, challenges, and the implementation of cutting-edge technologies. Through a multi-faceted approach, this project aims to provide a detailed understanding of the NGL extraction industry. It underscores the importance of NGLs in the global energy market, the technological advancements driving the industry forward, and the economic and environmental considerations that shape its future. The findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders, policymakers, and industry professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of NGL extraction and leverage its benefits for sustainable development. Key Words: Cryogenic Distillation, Absorption, Fractionation
REAL TIME FACE AND GENDER DETECTOR
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Rani Nikita , Kajale Harsh Vilas , Kaur Daljeet , Agarwal Akansha , Singhal Sudhanshu
Published: July 2024

This research paper provides an excellent way to do this detect and detect a person's face using OpenCV, as well python which is part of in-depth learning. This report contains ways in which in-depth learning is an important part of a computer science can be used to determine faces using several libraries in OpenCV and python. This report will contain a proposed program that will assist in finding a person face in real time. This application can be used in various locations device and smartphone platforms, as well as several software applications. Keywords: Python, OpenCV, In-depth Reading, Face Discovery
Analyzing NASA Satellite image dataset to track forest cover change over one year
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Rani Nikita , Kajale Harsh Vilas , Kaur Daljeet
Published: July 2024

This research paper aims to analyze the NASA Satellite image dataset in order to monitor and understand forest cover changes over the course of the past year. Forest cover change is a crucial environmental indicator, with implications for biodiversity, climate regulation, and ecosystem services. By employing advanced remote sensing techniques and machine learning algorithms, this study seeks to provide insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of forest cover change and its potential drivers. The research methodology involves data preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, change detection, and trend analysis. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of forest ecosystems and support informed decision-making for sustainable land management. Keywords: Satellite imagery, forest cover change, remote sensing, data analysis, machine learning, classification, change detection.
Role of National Testing Agency (NTA) and its Credibility in India
Authors: Kumar Deep
Published: July 2024

The National Testing Agency (NTA) plays a pivotal role in India's education system by conducting entrance examinations for higher education institutions and various professional courses. Established in 2017, the NTA aims to enhance the quality and efficiency of the examination process through the implementation of standardized testing and the use of technology. This paper explores the NTA's credibility, focusing on its transparency, reliability, and the effectiveness of its assessments. By adopting a robust framework for exam administration, including measures to prevent malpractice and ensure fair evaluation, the NTA has gained public trust. Furthermore, the agency's initiatives, such as providing a digital platform for application and result management, have streamlined the testing process, making it more accessible to students across diverse socio-economic backgrounds. This paper also examines the challenges faced by the NTA, including issues related to examination centers, infrastructure, and the continuous need for technological upgrades. Overall, the NTA's commitment to upholding high standards in educational assessments significantly contributes to the integrity of India's academic landscape, fostering an environment conducive to merit-based opportunities for students. Keywords: National Testing Agency, NTA, credibility, standardized testing, transparency, examination process, educational assessments, India, merit-based opportunities.
A Study on Formulation and Assessment of Heart Rate Lowering Agent Ivabradine Orally Tablets
Authors: Kumar Dr. Virendra
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to develop a method for quantifying the amount of ivabradine in films that are ingested and administered with ease. To do this, a dry granulation technique was applied. The dry granulation process yielded good results when the F5 formulation was mixed with starch, anhydrous lactose, and microcrystalline cellulose PH 102. The strength of the tablet was modified by adding croscarmellose sodium. Sodium starch glycolate was used as the dissolving agent. Purified talc and colloidal silicon dioxide were utilised as glidents. In this mixture, magnesium stearate was employed as a lubricant. Purified talc was used to make tablets stronger and smoother, and titanium dioxide was used to make films opaque. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose 6 CPS was utilised as a film-forming agent, and polyethylene glycol 6000 was employed as a plasticizer. The manufactured tablet formulations were examined for friability (%), thickness, hardness, and disintegration time in addition to other medicinal properties. It was observed that the drug content was 99.94% and the in-vitro dissolution percentage was measured as 99.89%. Tablets coated with polymer film were manufactured by dry granulation. Ivabradine is administered to persons with coronary artery disease who have normal sinus rhythm and a heart rate more than 72 bpm in order to treat the symptoms of chronic stable angina pectoris. For the symptomatic treatment of stable angina pectorals and symptomatic eternal heart failure, ivabradine is a medication that reduces pulse rate.
The Role of the Igbo Language Translators in Promoting Literacy, Moral Values, and Christianity: A Comprehensive Study in Igbo Society
Authors: Chukwudebelu Ifeanyi A. , Uba Ebele Deborah
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the significant contributions of the Igbo language translators to promoting literacy, moral values, and Christianity within the Igbo community. It explores how the language serves as a conduit for transmitting cultural heritage, ethical principles, and religious teachings, shaping individuals' moral fabric and spiritual growth. The study examines the role of translators in bridging linguistic and cultural gaps, facilitating access to literacy materials and religious texts, and promoting effective communication within the community. Historical and contemporary perspectives on using the Igbo language in educational settings and religious institutions are analyzed to uncover challenges and opportunities associated with promoting literacy and Christian teachings. The impact of globalization, technology, and socio-economic factors on language use and cultural and religious knowledge transmission is also investigated. Through empirical analysis and qualitative research methods, the study provides insights into the dynamic relationship between language, literacy, morality, and Christianity in Igbo society, with implications for educational practices, community development, and cultural preservation.
The Effects of Diet on the Elimination and Prevention of Mental Health Illnesses
Authors: Ukpene Patience C.
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the relationship between diet type and mental health, focusing on the impact of nutrient deficiencies on mental health illnesses and their treatment. We gathered results from 15 participants over ten years using self-administered questionnaires and biochemical assessments. The study discovered significant correlations between diets and mental health diseases, with Western diets increasing the incidence of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and ADHD. Mediterranean and high-fiber diets showed protective effects, reducing the rates of these disorders by 40% and 30%, respectively. Some participants also showed deficiencies in omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin D. Pharmacological interventions, such as omega-3 supplementation and Mediterranean diets, improve mental health outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of dietary change in preventing and treating psychiatric disorders and emphasizes the need for clinical and population-level dietary changes.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Bacteria and Fungi from Some Areas of Tikrit and Some Villages
Authors: Mahdi Marwa M. , Khalaf Sarab Dalaf , Abdulaah Youns R. , Ahmed Teba Anwar
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the amount of air pollution caused by bacteria and fungi in specific areas of Tikrit, including the Al-Alam area, Al-Bu Ajil, Al-Buhyazaa, and the village of Al-Karaat. The study was conducted in November and January of 2021–2022, using petri dishes filled with nutrient agar (potato dextrose agar, or PDA) distributed throughout the study areas. The petri dish was left open for fifteen minutes before being closed and incubated with an incubator. After that, the dish was closed and the species was allowed to grow on the media, including isolates and differential media like Macconkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB). For microscopical diagnosis, gram stain was applied to the bacterial samples, and fungal stain Lactophenol was used for fungus isolates. The findings of the current study showed that the proportion of Penicillium sp colonies colonized agricultural areas was twice as high, particularly in the Albu-Ajil area, where the dish G2.1 had more than 96 colonies, which was twice or three times more than the rest of the petri dishes in the study area for remote areas. This is because the area had ideal growth conditions in terms of temperature, humidity, and other factorsThe analysis revealed that the majority of bacteria were negative, particularly those belonging to the genus Klebsiella sp. which showed that it could grow on a Macconkey agar dish in Tikrit, the village of Al-Karaat, and Al-Alam. This suggests that it can grow in a variety of environments. However, in the Albu Hayaza area, no bacterial growth was found on the Macconkey agar dish, which was designated with the symbol 3.1 H. This could be because the environmental conditions at the time were insufficient for bacterial growth.
Actorii relevanţi şi interdependențele existente în asigurarea securității la nivel regional de către România
Authors: Nica Ioana ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

The weak sense of security that is specific to the region that our country is part of, and also at the international level, renders the membership of an alliance and cooperation a necessity.
The collaboration between NATO and the EU, the main actors and guarantors of security in recent years, in Europe, with other states and international organizations is essential to address threats and preserve our security. “Those ready to give up a fundamental right in order to achieve a temporary sense of security deserve neither the right, nor the security” (Popescu 2020), said Benjamin Franklin. Regardless of our opinion about what he said, we can all agree that freedom and security are two very hot topics given the current context.This paper analyses the main themes of the relevant actors and of the existing interdependencies in ensuring security in the region and the influences that lead to destabilization in the region. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse both the internal and external factors that influence national and regional security strategy. Being given these facts, this paper underlines the risk factors that can influence and endanger peace and security, as well as the international bodies and the relations that place Romania on the regional security providers list.
Mobilitatea militară europeană – implicații din perspectiva managementului integrat al resurselor pentru apărare –
Authors: Bangală Mădălin-Adrian ,   European Security and Defence College
Published: July 2024

The European Union’s decision to deepen and develop the military mobility from a logistical and organisational point of view represents a logical step in its natural evolution. The implementation of the EU Action Plan on Military Mobility, presented by the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy in 2018, represents a main act in achieving the generic purpose of the European Union, i.e., a European Defence Union. This article aims to highlight these military mobility measures proposed to be implemented, but also to emphasise the outcome from the integrated management of defence resources point of view. This article will try to link the causes to the results concerning the implementation of European military mobility. A synthetic documentary analysis, taken mainly from a qualitative point of view and with an additional quantitative support, will try to highlight the causal element and the effects on European military mobility related to the integrated management of defence resources. The research hypothesis is related to the utility of measures taken for the development and operationalisation of European military mobility in relation to the actual impact on defence resource management, respectively the coherence of defence planning in member states and resource optimisation.
Generalități asupra valorificării unor elemente ale artei militare în războiul ruso-ucrainean
Authors: Ciubara Iurii ,   Academia Militară a Forțelor Armate „Alexandru cel Bun”, Chișinău
Published: July 2024

The article addresses some points of view regarding the particularities of military art, as a result of studying the military actions carried out in the Russian-Ukrainian war, expressing a general character and serving to achieve the proposed objectives. The author focused his attention on the examination of the sources, the elucidation of various phenomena and significant moments
about military art, in correlation with the mutations of the battlefield. The mentioned results were obtained following the study of the factual material and the formulation of some ideas from the learned lessons, which will later be useful in the national military art. The author approaches the visions of the operations based on the analysis of the phenomena, laws and established principles regarding the conduct of the armed struggle, the existing conceptions of the universal military thought. In conclusion, choosing of the correct course of action will depend on the ratio of forces and means of the conflicting parties, the action plans of one’s own forces and of the adversary, as well as the visionary capabilities of the commanders.
Învățământ la distanță sau cu frecvență? Posibile soluții pentru dilema eficacității în învățământul militar
Authors: Codreanu Aura ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare, Vasilescu Cezar ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

Distance learning used to be a highly coveted reality before the outbreak of Covid 19 pandemic. When prompted as an emergency solution, it offered manifold avenues of creativity and adaptability for educators and institutions. All of them were essential to overcome many of the stumbling blocks raised by the impromptu transition or transfer from face to face educational and training programs to distance learning solutions. However, once the WHO declared the end of the pandemic and even though the public discourse is still focused on the importance of technology and the added value it provides in all walks of life, the return of many educational and training institutions to the delivery of face to face educational and training programs tends to become the norm. The current article focuses on the necessary prerequisites for establishing distance learning programs as viable, effective and sustainable counterparts of residential programs. It offers a bird’s eye view on a select number of time-tested perspectives, processes, models in the field of education and training that can be employed to assure distance learning programs’ effectiveness as informed by conceptual dimensions like end users’ needs, technology enabled design of DL programs, participants’ support, and learners’ engagement. Thus, it can assist strategic decision-making in the field of distance learning education and training programs as well as the formulation of appropriate guiding questions concerning the effective design and development of such programs.
The Developments in the Arms Market in the Context of the Military Conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Săvulescu Ștefan ,   Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, Ivan Lucian ,   Ministerul Afacerilor Interne
Published: July 2024

The military conflict provoked by the Russian Federation in Ukraine has created major imbalances in international security. In this fluid and unpredictable security environment, the defence industry has reacted promptly, increasing production and export of military equipment and modern weapon systems to counterbalance the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation.
The data analysed indicate the Russian Federation’s continuing concern to make significant defence investments, including in the defence complex, which reveals its interest in continuing
the military conflict in Ukraine. As for the Euro-Atlantic states, they are trying to counter the threat posed by the Russian Federation by supplying Ukraine with high-performance military
equipment, while investing in their militaries to supplement the weapons supplied to Ukraine. After the outbreak of the military conflict in Ukraine, Romania has managed to increase its
exports of arms and ammunition, creating favourable conditions for profitable partnerships with large companies in the Euro-Atlantic area. At the same time, Romania has increased its
defence budget allocation to 2.5% of GDP, and there are discussions to further increase this percentage in the coming period. A substantial part of this budget allocation is earmarked for
the procurement of modern military equipment to NATO standards for the Romanian armed forces.
Cognitive Warfare – Beyond Dominance, Manoeuvres and Information – The Battle for the Imagined Future
Authors: Pripoae-Șerbănescu Ciprian ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

This theoretical paper explores the nascent concept of cognitive warfare in the context of persistently low-intensity forms of confrontation and of an increasingly rich environment in technologies that provide greater opportunities for influence operations. As the hybridity of conflicts has become prevalent, it is of special interest to investigate the relevance of the cognitive warfare concept (CW) in shaping the informational-psychological threats posed by hostile entities. By analysing the current features of CW as presented by various sources, this article aims to contribute to the conceptual development of this notion. The great diversity of definitions suggests a challenge in delineating what is CW, thus the author argues for a threshold between what is a mere, benign influence and what stands as a threat/attack in the cognitive realm, by using a novel approach to cognitive security. Consequently, we will underline what we consider the limits of the current understanding of CW, as presented in current public papers, and make suggestions for a more refined model to think about cognitive warfare based on active inference theory. In conclusion, we will indicate the risks associated with the use of the concept information, and the necessity to integrate CW and cognitive security in a longue durée perspective, one that acknowledges current societal and cultural transformations.
An Assessment of 2023 Extreme Climate Manifestations in Southern Europe
Authors: Milea Virginia-Maria ,   Academia Forţelor Aeriene „Henri Coandă”
Published: July 2024

According to numerous reports, the year 2023 is considered the hottest year on record, as a series of natural disasters have struck especially in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
These calamities, such as vegetation fires and floods like the recent ones in Greece, are not just a localised threat, but one that goes beyond the perimeter of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, as these uncommon occurrences of nature are also being observed in other parts of the world. Considering that this sort of threat is highly unpredictable and requires specific measures, this paper aims to assess the effects of the recent natural disasters in Southern Europe and to identify measures taken by Greece to counter and mitigate the effects of the mentioned calamities
The A2/AD (Anti Access/Area Denial) Concept – Between Theory and Practice –
Authors: Chiorcea Ion ,   Academia Navală „Mircea cel Bătrân”
Published: July 2024

A continued deficit in NATO’s ability to provide permanent security wherever and whenever the allied states’ political interests demand may result in the Alliance failing to maintain internal cohesion and to deter potential geopolitical adversaries. This aspect, constantly hoped for and speculated by the Russian Federation, starting with the resumption of the offensive at the beginning of the 21st century, especially after the annexation of Crimea, has led to a proper dosage of the ingredients that laid the foundation of the A2/AD concept. Understanding the role A2/AD plays in Russia’s doctrinal thinking is as critical as allocating the resources to counter it. A full change in Russia’s strategy in this regard for the Black Sea region is very unlikely, especially after the interdiction capabilities have reached a satisfactory level of operationalization and remain the only ones that guarantee optimal control of the maritime area, thus making it possible to continue ground operations in Ukraine.
Assessing Economic Resilience in NATO Countries: A Comprehensive Defence Perspective
Authors: Constantinescu Maria ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

Economic resilience, considered in this paper as the ability to withstand and recover from economic shocks and disruptions, has become a linchpin of ensuring national security and stability. As demonstrated by conflicts such as the one in Ukraine, where economic sanctions were deployed to diminish an adversary’s capacity to sustain its war efforts, it has become evident that military power alone is insufficient in today’s complex security landscape. A comprehensive approach to defence must incorporate economic considerations, as the economic well-being of a nation is intrinsically linked to its overall security.
The main research objectives of this paper are to investigate the concept of economic resilience, from the perspective of the concept of comprehensive defence and the ways it is interconnected with other resilience domains, through the development of an economic resilience index outlining the relative economic resilience of the 29 European countries that are NATO members and to propose a methodology for identifying the main factors that influence the economic resilience from a comprehensive defence point of view.