bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding on different levels of crushed cactus in total mixed rations on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Awassi sheep
Authors: Ali Abubakr Sayed , Atta Muzzamil , Mohamed Mutasim B. , Fatnassi Merriem , Al- Dosari Huda M. , Al-Shamari Hamad S.
Published: March 2024

A ten week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding total mixed rations containing different levels of cactus on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Awassi sheep. Twelve lambs with initial body weight of 28.67±2.29 kg and 120 days average age were distributed in complete randomized design into three dietary groups according to crushed cactus level (T1 = 0%, T2 = 10%, and T3 = 15%) in four replicates. At the end of the feeding period three lambs from each dietary group were randomly slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics and meat quality. The means of the tested parameters were tested for significance using analysis of variance followed by least significant differences at 95% confidence level. Lambs fed T3 diet showed numerically higher (P > 0.05) total weight gain (15.3 kg) and average daily gain (219.1 g). T2 group had numerically higher (P > 0.05) hind quarter perimeter (D), maximum width carcass (Wr), chest depth (Th), and pelvic limb length (F) than T1 and T3. Left half carcass weight (10.5 kg), anterior rib (8.3%), pelvic limb (36.3%), and first quality (66.4%) were numerically higher (P > 0.05) in T2. Results of meat quality presented numerically higher (P > 0.05) water holding capacity (23.7) and lower cooking loss percent (30.6%) in T3, these results were reflected on sensory evaluation as well where T3 recorded significantly higher (P < 0.05) scores in texture and flavor of meat. Therefore, adding crushed cactus up to 15% level in diet of sheep could affect the carcass characteristics and meat quality differently.
Molecular mechanisms of biofilm resistance against antibiotics
Authors: Begum Jubeda , Mir Nasir Akbar
Published: March 2024

Biofilms are immobile communities of microbes attached to biotic an abiotic surfaces and are embedded inside a self-produced cement-like extracellular polymeric substances. The resistance of biofilms against commonly used drugs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various bacterial infections under medical and veterinary settings which normally cannot be eradicated by antibiotics. Biofilms are characterized by the ability to evade not only the antibiotic effects but also the host immune system clearance. Currently the most worrisome aspect of global human health is the rise and spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens and this crisis got deepened by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial biofilms. Different antibiotic resistance mechanisms, processes by which a target pathogen curtails the interaction between an antimicrobial agent and its intended target molecules, adopted by biofilms have been discussed in this review. Different antibiotic resistance mechanisms are employed by the biofilms depending on the species of the bacteria, growth conditions, and the antibiotic involved. Commonly, the role of biofilm matrix polysaccharides, antibiotic-modifying or degrading enzymes, extracellular DNA, hypoxic conditions, presence of efflux pumps, quorum sensing, horizontal gene transfer, mutation frequency, etc. have been implicated in antibiotic resistance of biofilms. This review also discusses different approaches of overcoming biofilm infections or biofilm resistance. However, it is pertinent to mention that since no new class of antibiotics have been approved in last four decades there is the need of greater understanding of biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance to effectively utilise the therapeutic value of the existing antibiotics. Although a number of anti-biofilm strategies have been put forward as discussed in this review, they are still in nascent stage and need to undergo clinical trials to reach the commercial market.
Thereaupatic management of Feline Infectous Peritonitis in cat
Authors: Saiprudhvi Bongu , Vineetha Alavala , Saikumari Konda
Published: March 2024

This report deals with successful clinical management of Feline Infectious Peritonitis in a cat. A four month old male Persian cat was presented to the Veterinary Polyclinic, Vizianagaram in a recumbent stage having history of abdominal distension, anorexia and lethargy. There was no proper record of deworming and vaccination. Physical and clinical examination revealed congested conjunctival mucous membrane and pyrexia. Abdominal palpation revealed tensed and distended abdomen. The hemato-biochemical reports revealed elevated total bilirubin; and based on X-ray and evaluation of abdominocentesis and refractometry of abdominal fluid this case was diagnosed as Feline Infectious Peritonitis(wet form). Following the diagnosis of the case, treatment was started with an antibiotic (doxycycline), anti-malarial (mefloquine) and a steroid (prednisolone) for 10 days. Animal started recovering uneventually after treatment.
Comparison of Fluorescence Polarization Assay with Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination test and Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay for bovine brucellosis in Tanzania
Authors: Minga Godwin , Kagaruki Proscovia , Banda Grace , Makondo Zacharia , Magwisha Henry
Published: March 2024

Brucella are Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacterial species with B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis carrying the smooth-lipopolysaccharide antigen. Accurate diagnostic results of brucellosis are needed for its control and eradication, however, they are primarily based on the serological testing of brucellosis in animals. The Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) are the most commonly used tests for making such diagnosis. The use of Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) in Tanzania is still in nascent stage. The purpose of this study was to compare RBPT, c- ELISA, and FPA in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. A total of 75 serum samples from cattle that were infected with Brucella in Kagera region were obtained. The FPA showed 90% (68 samples) prevalence, RBPT revealed 93% (70 samples) prevalence, and c-ELISA revealed 81% (61 samples) prevalence of brucellosis in the farm. The RBPT test has shown an inability to distinguish antibodies from cross-reacting organisms compared to the FPA test, while the c- ELISA was unable to pick a positive sample compared to the FPA test. FPA is very quick (5 min per sample), does not require specialized staff, and may be performed under field conditions. Therefore, FPA has a potential to overcome limitations in the detection of bovine brucellosis and can be used as a confirmatory test.
A systematic overview of bovine brucellosis and its implications for public health
Authors: Idrees Hasnain , Abbas Javairia , Raza Ali , Qamar Muhammad Haseeb , Waheed Muhammad Ahtsham , Arshad Muhammad Bilal , Ali Muhammad Hammad , Jabar Abdul , Farooq Mazhar , Rehman Tayyab , Raheem Abdul
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive study reveals the complex nature of bovine brucellosis, with special emphasis on its potential for transmission to humans. By adopting a systemic methodology thorough literature search was done, including publications published during 1897 to 2022, form academic databases, research repositories, and scholarly credible literature sources. The criteria for being included in this study ensured an in-depth investigation of the previous and current facets of the disease. The methodological extraction and processing of data enabled for the categorising of pertinent findings into particular groups, which enhanced the comprehension of characteristics, transmission trends, clinical aspects, diagnostic tools, treatment options, prevention strategies, vaccination, and public health concerns. This study highlights the importance of this zoonotic threat indicating the compelling need of effective solutions of this problem by keeping in view the zoonotic variables and epidemiological views. Understanding disease origins and transmission patterns help design effective control strategies that are tailored to each mode of transmission. A detailed evaluation of symptoms shows that humans and animals need appropriate diagnosis. Comprehensive treatment and preventative measures are supported by the review. The study of vaccination as a preventive measure underlines its importance in eliminating bovine brucellosis. Public health issues require knowledge, surveillance, and economic concerns. In conclusion, this comprehensive study not only explores uncharted research grounds but also serves as a beacon for researchers and policy makers. Through an in-depth analysis of the interaction between bovine brucellosis and public health, findings in this study provide crucial information that is useful to a wide range of stakeholders. This systemic review provides a clear and comprehensive perspective of the public health implication of bovine brucellosis by emphasising the need of specific interventions and preventive measures.
Life Cycle Assessment as an evaluation tool- A critical review on carbon footprint in dairy sector
Authors: Tamilselvan Gokul , Tyagi Nitin
Published: March 2024

Global warming, a pressing issue affecting countries worldwide, is primarily driven by greenhouse gases emission from various sources including natural disasters and human activities, including industrial processes, agriculture, livestock farming, and the use of fossil fuels. This review specifically addresses the carbon emissions related with dairy farming for milk. While there are several methods available for assessing the dairy carbon footprint, this review concentrates on the widely accepted Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method recommended mainly by Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change. LCA is favoured globally for its comprehensive coverage of the entire product life cycle. The review delves into the application of the LCA method at the farm level, detailing the stages involved in the life cycle assessment. It also provides an in- depth discussion on carbon footprint up to the farm gate level and extends its analysis to encompass the carbon footprint beyond the farm gate for milk production. A significant portion of the review is dedicated in order to elucidate the carbon footprint of dairy cattle and buffalo farming in various countries, drawing insights from diverse research studies worldwide. The focus is primarily on large ruminants, considering that a substantial portion of enteric methane emissions arises from cattle and buffaloes. The review meticulously presents total carbon footprint values for milk production, derived from the cumulative emissions associated with diverse activities involved in the production of milk. This comprehensive examination leads to understanding of the environmental impact of dairy farming and underscores the need for sustainable practices to mitigate the carbon footprint related with milk production globally.
Classification of Organizational Development Interventions: An Exploratory Literature Review
Authors: N. Khattak Asmat , M. Bindawas Abdullah , Imran Khan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Organizations need contemporary strategies to deal with the "polycrisis" corporate environment. Organization Development (OD) interventions offer solutions to address current and future challenges. However, there is still "ambiguity" in OD interventions for students, academics, and business planners in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The study aims to classify OD interventions based on the types of performances they demonstrate to remove the "ambiguity." We conducted an exploratory literature review study to explore the phenomenon. We classified OD interventions, with examples, into four different groups: structural, technological, behavioral, and strategic. The findings recommend value-producing corporate cultures because industries are moving towards "smart factories" and "smart units." Positive behavior, satisfaction, determination, and trust among employees are the main instruments to improve performance. The findings also suggest that OD courses be taught at the university level to improve students' "employability." The conclusions have significant implications for business students, academics, and business strategists in Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Language Variation in Print Media: A Study of Code Switching Patterns in Pakistani Urdu ‘Express’ Newspaper Editorials
Authors: Ullah Faiz , Arshad Amna
Published: March 2024

The current study explores the problematic background of language variation within the print media domain, specifically exploring code-switching patterns in the editorials of the Pakistani Urdu' Express' newspaper. Code-switching is a linguistic phenomenon involving alternation between two or more languages within a single discourse that reflects the dynamic interaction of cultural and communicative factors. The study put into practice a sociolinguistic lens to analyze the frequency, types, and functions of code-switching employed in the Urdu editorials of the 'Express' newspaper. The study applies a qualitative descriptive method; it produces descriptive data in the form of code-switched sentences from the editorial of Pakistani Urdu newspaper. 'Express' is selected for this purpose. One week of newspapers is collected for the current study from 1st October 2023 to 7th October 2023 to analyze code-switching in editorial sections. The analysis of data from the newspaper shows that the types of code-switching are intra-sentential, word code-switching, and total integrated Urdu. The most dominant type of code-switching observed is Intra-sentential (80%). The findings are expected to contribute to understanding how language is strategically employed in print media, shedding light on the role of code-switching as a tool for effective communication and cultural expression. This study holds significance in media discourse, as it exposes the linguistic choices made by writers and editors in the 'Express' newspaper, offering insights into the complex relationship between language, culture, and journalism. The results of this research are anticipated to inform future discussions on language dynamics within the Pakistani media landscape and contribute to the broader field of sociolinguistics.
Eco-Linguistic Analysis of ‘Dawn’ Newspaper: A Corpus Based Study
Authors: Fatima Ghulam , Farukh Arslan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this research is to identify the content covered by the 'Dawn' newspaper and the significant concerns of today's people. For this purpose, data from 'Dawn' newspapers is used as a research sample. The top news items of "Dawn" newspapers are examined critically from in ecological perspective. This research is based on a corpus, which is made up of the top news items that were released in August and September of 2023. An eco-linguistic technique uses a mixed-methods study strategy to analyze the data. The data is first subjected to a quantitative analysis and then described qualitatively. The corpus tool for analysis is utilized to ascertain the frequency of lexical items used in newspapers. A corpus tool called Antconc determines the frequencies of the lexical items used in newspapers. The underlying concerns of the "Dawn" newspaper are exposed by identifying the lexical words with the highest frequencies. The findings indicate that politics and economy are the Pakistani public's main concerns. The "Dawn" newspaper does not cover any ecological topics and completely ignores environmental concerns.
Las tutorías de acompañamiento, necesidad y realidad en la Universidad Metropolitana de Ecuador
Authors: Montano Rodríguez Freddy , Brito Vallina María Lucía
Published: March 2024

organized and systematic work around the tutorials accompanying, based both on the standards established by the government bodies, control and accreditation processes in the Ecuadorian Higher Education Institutions and on the regulations and procedures manuals developed at UMET that regulate the planning, execution and assessment of these processes at an institutional level. It outlines the main ideas of the Accompanying Tutorial Procedures Manual that have been applied for the last four academic periods in the UMET and that have brought about a decrease on the dropout rates within students in the first years of their majors and a more integral follow-up for students either with disabilities or with academic, behavioral, or communication problems.
Talleres de orientación educativa para las familias de niños/as que asisten al Guagua Centro Carcelén Mágico, Quito
Authors: García Álvarez Ignacio , Macías Merizalde Azucena Monserrate , Bernal Cerza Raisa Emilia
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to propose a series of educational guidance workshops to transform lifestyles in the families of children attending the Guagua Centro Carcelén Mágico. In this community of the Metropolitan District of Quito, a survey was applied that resulted in the existence of harmful behaviors and habits in some families of children attending the Guagua Centro Carcelén Magico. The workshops were chosen as a form of organization of the teaching since they have a dynamic character, in addition, they allow the student to participate actively in the production of knowledge from their own experiences.
TAMAN PENDIDIKAN AL – QUR’AN (TPQ) AL-JAMAL SEBAGAI SARANA PENINGKATAN PENGAMALAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM SISWA/I DI DESA BATULAYAR
Authors: Syarifudin
Published: March 2024

Taman Pendidikan Al–Qur’an (TPQ) adalah salah satu lembaga yang dapat berperan aktif meningkatkan pendidikan agama. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an mempunyai suatu strategi dan pendekatan pembinaan yang bukan hanya semata–mata pengajaran saja akan tetapi juga pendidikan atau pembinaan agama lebih diarahkan dalam membentuk dan membina santri di TPQ untuk menjadi muslim yang sejati dan benar-benar menghayati nilai-nilai agama dan mengindahkan norma–norma agama dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’aan (TPQ) bertujuan untuk menyiapkan anak didiknya agar menjadi generasi yang Qur’ani yaitu generasi yang mencintai Al-Qur’an, komitmen dengan Al-Qur’an dan menjadikan Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman bacaan dan pandangan hidup sehari-hari. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kulitatif. Dalam pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan analisis induktif (mengambil kesimpulan dari hal-hal yang bersifat khusus). Sedangkan validitas datanya menggunakan Perpanjangan keikutsertaan, Ketekunan/ Keajegkan Pengamatan, dan Tianggulasi (sumber, metode dan teori). Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran yang dilakukan Taman Pendidikan Al–Qur’an dalam meningkatkan pengamalan agama islam dengan memberikan materi pokok dan pembiasaan. Adapun materi pokok yaitu kemampuan membaca Al–Qur’an dengan baik dan benar sesuai ilmu tajwid dan pedoman ajaran islam yang benar dan sesuai. Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara berhalaqoh (bersama-sama) atau perseorangan. Adapun factor pendorong dalam kegiatan untuk meningkatkan pengamalan agama islam siswa/siswi di TPQ/1terdiri dari: dukungan orang tua, motivasi anak, dan lingkungan masyarakat. Selain itu, factor penghambat dalam meningkatkan pengamalan agama islam siswa/siswi di TPQ diantaranya: tingkat pendidikan dan tenaga pengajar.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PEMIKIRAN J. MARK HALSTEAD
Authors: Nazopah Nada
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the writings of J. Mark Halstead whose original title is An Islamic Concept of Education. This paper will first contain the problem of philosophy in Islam. The second section examines the resources available to explore systematically the principles of Islamic education. The third section discusses the three dimensions of Islamic Education, namely focusing on individual development, social and moral education, and knowledge acquisition. In each section of this paper will provide a brief overview of the differences between Islamic and Western perspectives in understanding Education in each of the components discussed. This paper is a literature study by collecting data from various literatures and information from available sources such as books, journals, reports, and other documents
TEORI KOGNITIVISME PERSPEKTIF (ROBERT M. GAGNE & ALBERT BANDURA)
Authors: Aeni Nurul , Syarifudin
Published: March 2024

Tulisan ini menyajikan tentang Teori Koginitivisme sebuah teori yang membahas tentang bagaimana proses pembelajaran yang terjadi didalam otak manusia, dengan kata lain sebuah teori yang mengajarkan bahwa proses kognitif (pemerosesan informasi menjadi hal yang penting dalam pembentukan tingkah laku manusia). Menurut teori kognitivisme manusia tidak hanya bereaksi atau eksperimen terhadap rangsangan dari lingkungannya, tetapi juga memproses informasi tersebut secara aktif, mengorganisasi dan mengelompokkan informasi yang bisa di gunakan untuk membangun pengetahuan dan pengalaman. Teori ini mengajarkan bahwa ingatan, perhatian, persepsi dan bahasa sangat memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan perilaku manusia. Hal ini bahwa pendidikan harus mengambil pendekatan yang berfokus pada pembelajaran aktif, keterampilan, berpikir kritis, dan mennggunaan strategi yang efektif. Maka dari itu metode pengajaran yang efektifharus mempertimbangkan kemampuan kognitif siswa, serta karaktristik dari informasi yang disampaikan
ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF
Authors: Irfan Syahroni Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Metode analisis data merupakan cara untuk menganalisa hasil dari data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian sehingga lebih mudah untuk dibaca dan diinterprestasikan. Metode pembahasan menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research) dan pengumpulan data menggunakan sumber sekunder berupa literatur-literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa analisis data dalam penelitian kuantitatif ada dua macam: pertama, statistik deskriptif yakni statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya tanpa bermaksud membuat kesimpulan yang berlaku untuk umum atau generalisasi; dan kedua, statistik inferensial yakni teknik atau alat yang dipakai dalam membuktikan kebenaran teori probabilitas yang di pakai dalam penelitian ilmu-ilmu sosial. Statistik inferensial dibagi dua: (1) statistik parametris, menguji parameter populasi melalui statistik, atau menguji ukuran populasi melalui data sampel, dan (2) statistik nonparametris, tidak menguji parameter populasi, tetapi menguji distribusi.
LEI MARIA DA PENHA:
Authors: Batista Dos Reis Filho Elias , Maluf Rodrigues Correia Cristiane
Published: March 2024

A Lei nº 11.340/2006 - Lei Maria da Penha, surge diante da necessidade eminente da criação de mecanismos próprios no combate eficaz de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, razão pela qual o escopo diretor central foi a busca pela igualdade essencial entre os gêneros, tendo como escora a inequívoca incompatibilidade física entre os mesmos, haja vista a hipossuficiência ou vulnerabilidade da mulher, realidade que serviu de alicerce para que o legislador tenha proporcionado proteção especial à mulher. Hodiernamente, há a necessidade de uma análise mais apurada da mesma, considerando que ainda existem limitações no processo da denúncia no cenário contemporâneo, haja vista que, grande parte dos casos, a vítima ainda se encontra em dependência emocional e financeira do(a) agressor(a). Sopesando o supracitado cenário e, não ignorando que o Estado por meio de seus órgãos, já realiza uma política de proteção às vítimas, ainda há a premente necessidade de maior publicidade e orientação a população, para que às mulheres que são o público alvo, possam entender de forma efetiva como realizar a denúncia, e como recorrer aos órgãos de acolhimento para uma maior efetividade da Lei.
Role of Motivation in English Language Learning: An Evaluation of the Correlation Between Student Motivation and Proficiency in English
Authors: Harrison James , Rodriguez Clara
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the relationship between student motivation and English language proficiency among high school students. Drawing upon seminal and contemporary models of motivation, including Gardner's Socio-Educational Model, Dörnyei’s Process-Oriented Model and L2 Motivational Self System, as well as the Dynamic Systems Theory, this study underscores the role of motivation in language learning. A total of 450 students aged 16 to 18 completed a modified version of the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and their English proficiency was assessed using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The results indicated a strong positive correlation between motivation and English proficiency (r = .68, p < .001), substantiating the claim that high levels of motivation can contribute to improved language proficiency. This study reinforces the importance of fostering motivation in English language teaching and offers valuable insights for educators and researchers in the context of a rapidly evolving language learning landscape.
Quantifying the Relationship between Parental Involvement and English Language Proficiency among EFL Learners
Authors: Halommi Laura , Stevens James
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the correlation between parental involvement and English language proficiency among learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in non-English speaking contexts. Despite the established significance of parental involvement in general academic success, its specific impact on EFL learning remains under-researched. Building on previous studies and theories, this research aims to fill this gap by quantifying the relationship between these two variables in a non-English speaking environment. Guided by the primary research question "Is there a significant correlation between the level of parental involvement and English language proficiency among EFL learners?” the study hypothesizes that higher levels of parental involvement will be associated with greater English language proficiency. By exploring this potential relationship, the study hopes to provide insights beneficial for educators, policymakers, and parents in supporting EFL learners more effectively. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the literature on second language acquisition and parental involvement, broadening our understanding of the dynamics involved in EFL learning.
Learners' Perceptions of Task Repetition: Distributed Practice Effects on Engagement and Metacognitive Judgement
Authors: Heathway Emma , Gfali Salimi
Published: March 2024

This study delves into an underexplored area of language education, investigating how task repetition and distributed practice influence learners' engagement and metacognitive judgement in the context of English language learning in the United Kingdom. Utilizing a robust mixed-methods research design that includes surveys, think-aloud protocols, and semi-structured interviews, the study scrutinizes the experiences and perspectives of 150 English language learners. One of the key findings is the overwhelmingly positive perception of task repetition among the participants. Not only do learners believe that repeating tasks aids in consolidating their learning, but they also view it as a catalyst for increased language proficiency, thereby enriching their overall learning experience. Additionally, when contrasting distributed practice with massed practice, the study unveils a remarkable improvement in learners' engagement levels and their ability to make metacognitive judgments about their own learning process. This suggests that spacing task repetitions over intervals of time— rather than cramming them into one session—offers a more effective strategy for language instruction. Importantly, these findings carry significant implications for educators and curriculum designers. By taking into account the learners' favorable views on task repetition and the demonstrable benefits of distributed practice, educators have a compelling rationale to incorporate these elements into pedagogical planning and practice, with the ultimate aim of optimizing language learning outcomes.
Role of L1 in ISLA: A Principled Approach in Belgium's Beginner Classrooms
Authors: Dupont Marie , Willems Elise , De Smet Jan
Published: March 2024

This mixed-methods study investigates the role of the first language (L1) in facilitating second language acquisition (L2) among beginner learners in Belgium's unique multilingual environment. The research aims to bridge existing gaps in the literature on Instructed Second Language Acquisition (ISLA) by focusing on beginner learners and assessing both cognitive and sociocultural implications of L1 use. A total of 300 students, aged 7-12, and 20 teachers participated in the study, employing questionnaires, standardized tests, classroom observations, and interviews as data collection methods. Results indicate a generally positive yet varied attitude toward the use of L1 in language learning, both among students and teachers. The findings contribute nuanced insights to the ongoing academic discourse on ISLA, specifically challenging polarized viewpoints. The study also aims to offer actionable guidelines for educators and policymakers in language instruction, particularly in linguistically diverse settings like Belgium.
Effects of Reading Strategy Instruction in English as a Second Language on Students’ Academic Reading Comprehension: A Study in Jordan
Authors: Masri Ahmad , Al-Abdullah Noor , Al-Qasim Yasmin , Al-Zahran Tariq
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effects of reading strategy instruction on English reading comprehension among students in Jordan, where English is widely used in academia but often poses significant challenges for learners. Despite the recognition of English reading skills as crucial for academic success, many Jordanian students struggle with reading comprehension due to factors such as inadequate instruction and cultural differences. While the role of reading strategies in enhancing comprehension is acknowledged in educational literature, there is a lack of research focusing on the Jordanian context. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring specific reading strategies that can be implemented, the methods of instruction, and the potential impact on students' academic performance. By providing actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders, this research contributes to the enhancement of English reading comprehension skills in Jordan, offering a nuanced understanding that could lead to significant improvements in English language teaching and learning in the region.
Navigating Multilingualism and Blended Learning: Challenges and Strategies in Trilingual Child Development and Modern Educational Practices
Authors: Straiman Emily , Anderson Michael , Vergara Sarah
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the challenges and strategies in trilingual child development and blended learning in modern education. It addresses the nurturing of trilingualism in children, especially in predominantly monolingual settings, and highlights the cognitive benefits of multilingualism, such as enhanced problem-solving and cognitive flexibility. The study also examines the effectiveness of blended learning, a combination of traditional classroom and online education, particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. It assesses this approach in enhancing engagement and performance in trilingual students, using the Community of Inquiry framework. The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of trilingual child development and inform educational practices tailored to multilingual students' needs.
Instructor versus Classmate Feedback in Written Tasks
Authors: Al Muhairi Noora , Al Jaber Khalid
Published: March 2024

This study, conducted in Abu Dhabi, UAE, explores the impact of instructor versus classmate feedback on student writing tasks. It delves into the evolving educational landscape, where modern teaching methods, including feedback mechanisms, are reshaping traditional teacher-student dynamics. The study examines the effectiveness of peer education strategies, where students engage in mutual teaching and learning, against traditional instructor feedback methods. The research incorporates a comprehensive literature review, highlighting the increasing importance of blogs in language learning and the role of peer feedback in writing classes. The study methodology involves a questionnaire distributed to 150 secondary school students, assessing the influence of teacher and peer feedback on writing tasks. Results indicate that peer reactions hold more sway over student performance than instructor feedback, a finding consistent with global educational trends emphasizing collaborative and student-centered learning approaches. This study contributes to the broader discourse on the efficacy of modern teaching methods in enhancing student learning outcomes.
Integrating Sustainability into English Language Teaching: A Quantitative Analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Nakamura Haruto , Fujimoto Emiko
Published: March 2024

This research paper presents a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of integrating sustainability themes into English Language Teaching (ELT). Acknowledging the growing importance of environmental consciousness, the study aims to evaluate how sustainability-focused ELT affects students' language proficiency and environmental awareness. Using data from various educational institutions that have adopted sustainability in their ELT curricula, the research employs statistical analysis methods to assess learning outcomes. The study's findings are anticipated to offer valuable insights into the dual benefits of ELT in fostering both language skills and environmental stewardship (Smith & Johnson, 2022).
"Virtual reality" as a tool for global manipulation of socio-cultural identity
Authors: Bylevskiy Pavel Gennadievich
Published: March 2024

The subject of the article is the philosophical and cultural methodology of digital "virtual reality", comparing the declarations of developers with the practical possibilities and social consequences of using such technologies. The developers presented projects of online digital content services for all five senses using special equipment (glasses, headphones, interactive gloves, joysticks, costumes, printers of smells and tastes, etc.). It was assumed that virtual reality would surpass the reliability of previous multimedia content and interactive computer games, and the persuasiveness and attractiveness of traditional technical means of art and the press. Failure to fulfill these promises has led to significant losses since 2022 for leading companies developing digital virtual reality technologies Meta (recognized by the court as an extremist organization on 03/21/2022, activity is limited in the territory of the Russian Federation), Microsoft HapticLinks, Cave, AlloSphere, Teslasuit, VRealizer. There was a need to assess how and to what extent the methodology used and the predicted capabilities of digital virtual reality were correct. Philosophical and cultural analysis as a research method reveals: the developers of digital virtual reality promised the methodologically impossible, reducing human perception to the "sum" of the external "five senses" out of connection with the "self", inner sensitivity, bodily self-perceptions. A person is only partially amenable to algorithmized digital interaction; a critical barrier to digital virtuality is the socio-cultural identity of society and personality. The novelty of the results of the analysis lies in the conclusion: digital virtual reality in many respects is fundamentally inferior in effectiveness to traditional technical means of sensory and emotional impact and cognition, used both for creative and destructive purposes. In terms of creative potential, digital virtual reality is inferior to the technical means of art, science, education, upbringing, etc., and in terms of destructive capabilities, it is already used in the press and other mass communications technologies for manipulating public and individual consciousness, as well as psychotropic substances that cause addiction. National regulation of the development of digital "virtual reality" is recommended, aimed at protecting and developing the socio-cultural identity of Russian citizens and society, as well as for cognitive and educational purposes. It is recommended to limit the remote use of such developments to trusted domestic Internet services.
A Reliability-Based Network Equilibrium Model with Electric Vehicles and Gasoline Vehicles
Authors: Tu Qiang , Li Manman , Wu Yongjun
Published: March 2024

With the popularity of electric vehicles, they have become an indispensable part of traffic flow on the road network. This paper presents a reliability-based network equilibrium model to realise the traffic flow pattern prediction on the road network with electric vehicles and gasoline vehicles, which incorporates travel time reliability, electric vehicles’ driving range and recharge requirement. The mathematical expression of reliable path travel time is derived, and the reliability-based network equilibrium model is formulated as a variational inequality problem. Then a multi-criterion labelling algorithm is proposed to solve the reliable shortest path problem, and a column-generation-based method of the successive average algorithm is proposed to solve the reliability-based network equilibrium model. The applicability and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm are verified on the Nguyen-Dupuis network and the real road network of Sioux Falls City. The proposed model and algorithm can be extended to other road networks and help traffic managers analyse traffic conditions and make sustainable traffic policies.
Optimisation of Multi-Type Logistics UAV Scheduling under High Demand
Authors: Jiang Hong , Wu Tong , Ren Xinhui , Gou Lizhen
Published: March 2024

At present, interest in the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for delivery is growing. A new “multi-type of UAV collaborative delivery” mode has been proposed. Through a combination of large, medium and small UAVs, the delivery capabilities of the UAV logistics system are significantly improved. Sometimes there is high demand, resulting in planned delivery routes that are no longer feasible, and even cause a shortage of distribution centre capacity and drones. This study explores logistics delivery strategies to solve problems caused by high demand. In this study, a multitype and multidistribution UAV model was established with the objective of minimising the total cost of distribution by considering factors such as the UAV energy consumption, load and distribution centre conditions. An improved ant colony algorithm was designed and its effectiveness was verified through the variability of the calculation time and multiple calculation results of different-scale examples. Finally, the classic vehicle routing problem (VRP) case is used in three scenarios to analyse the UAV scheduling optimisation problem. The results indicate that assisted delivery can reduce costs by 3% while ensuring delivery timeliness. The results of this study can provide guidance and benchmarks for the application of UAVs in urban logistics delivery systems.
How Much Do Urban Terminal Delivery Paths Depend on Urban Roads – A Research Based on Bipartite Graph Network
Authors: Jia Guoling
Published: March 2024

The structural deficiencies of the terminal delivery path often make it the main culprit of urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Traditional studies of express networks regarded them as an independent entity, ignoring the endogenous role of urban road network morphology and structure. To solve this problem, this paper explored the spatial dependency of terminal delivery routes in Xi'an City based on the idea of a bipartite graph network. A spatial dependency matrix of delivery paths–urban roads was constructed by abstracting delivery paths as node-set A and urban roads as node-set B. In addition, three spatial dependencies indexes, including degree centrality, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality were introduced to analyse the coupling features of these two objects. The results show that these dependency measures can reflect the coupling features of urban terminal delivery paths and urban roads. Firstly, degree centrality demonstrates terminal delivery path coverage and coupling hierarchy and scale-free nature. Secondly, betweenness centrality presents the road utilisation balance of terminal delivery paths. Thirdly, closeness centrality explains how easy it is for delivery paths to connect with others.
Pricing Decisions for Competitive Ride-Hailing Platforms with the Combination of Inner-Group and Inter-Group Network Externalities
Authors: Lu Ke , Du Heng
Published: March 2024

Based on two-sided market theory, this paper has studied the pricing problem of ride-hailing platforms with a combination of inter-group network externality and inner-group network externality. Two scenarios of user structure are considered. In scenario 1, both travellers and drivers are single-homing. In scenario 2, travellers are single-homing while drivers are multi-homing. Moreover, time sensitive factors and driver’s commission rate are introduced to reflect the characteristics of transport industry. Finally, the impact of network externality, time sensitivity, driver’s commission rate and entry cost on ride-hailing platform pricing, user scale and profits are analysed. The results show that inter-group network externality and inner-group network externality have a negative effect on platform prices charged to both travellers and drivers. However, when travellers are multi-homing, the price charged to travellers is positive with respect to the inter-group network externality from drivers. In the relationship between travellers’ scale and inter-group network externality, inner-group network externality is positive. Further, in both scenarios, the network externalities from the two sides affect platform profits negatively.
Green Perspective of Air Cargo Transport Chains – The Case of Eastern Adriatic Region
Authors: Beškovnik Bojan
Published: March 2024

This article deals with the highly topical issue of greening air transport chains. It is important to consider the environmental aspect of the current performance of air transport in regions with less intensive air transport chains, such as the Eastern Adriatic. The regional airports of Ljubljana, Zagreb and Belgrade are dependent on European air cargo hubs and at the same time have the task of connecting the national airports in Sarajevo, Podgorica, etc., which complicates the functioning of air transport chains regionally. A comprehensive consideration of air cargo chains is important in terms of price and transport time, but also in terms of the GHG footprint. The results show that an environmental assessment of air transport chains is necessary for a more comprehensive decision on sustainable supply chains. The study enriches the scientific understanding of air transport chains in the Eastern Adriatic region from the point of view of carbon footprint and energy efficiency of transport, and highlights the need to use the already developed IT tools in the assessment and modelling of transport chains when different options are presented to cargo owners. Integrating the above approaches and data into current business models enables the gradual regional decarbonisation of air transport.
Timetable Synchronisation for the First Trains in the Day According to Actual Transfer Times
Authors: Yüksel Taha , Öztürk Zübeyde
Published: March 2024

Non-synchronised timetables of the first hour trains can lead to longer waiting times for passengers wishing to transfer at the transfer station. This study aims to reduce the waiting time of passengers by synchronising the timetables of first hour trains using actual transfer times. The transfer times of the passengers are obtained from the observations and are used in this synchronisation study. The genetic and simulated annealing algorithms are implemented to solve the first train synchronisation model. Finally, a case study is conducted on a section of the Istanbul metro network to test the synchronisation model. The results show that the total waiting time of the first hour trains transfer passengers is reduced by 35% by applying the proposed model. Another result of the study shows that using the actual transfer time instead of the average transfer time of the passengers reduces the average waiting time of the passengers by 19%.
Measurement method of metal surface absorptivity based on physics-informed neural network
Authors: Fang Bo-Lang , Wu Jun-Jie , Wang Sheng , Wu Zhen-Jie , Li Tian-Zhi , Zhang Yang , Yang Peng-Ling , Wang Jian-Guo ,   Northwest Institute Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: March 2024

Characterizing the absorptivity of a rough metal surface is a difficult but important task. The uncertainty will be enlarged by using the indirect method, i.e. 1 – reflectance measurement. In contrast, the calorimetric method is of high fidelity. However, it is difficult to extract the absorptivity. The variation of temperature follows the heat conduction equation which is a differential equation. Therefore, a method based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is proposed. In this method, the temperature rising curve is fitted to the differential equation by the neural network. The differential equation is incorporated into the network through the loss function. When the training is done, the absorptivity can be extracted. For demonstration, the numerical test and experimental test are performed. A set of temperature profiles with different absorptivity values is generated numerically. Then the absorptivity is extracted by PINN. The numerical results show that this method is able to determine the absorptivity and possesses the advantages of strong anti-interference capability and high accuracy. The maximum absolute error is 0.00092 in the range of 0.05 to 0.2. In the experiment, sand-blasted gold coated aluminum plates are used as the test objects, and they are heated by a continuous wave infrared laser. The temperature is measured by a K thermocouple. Then the absorptivity values of different samples are determined by the PINN, ranging from 2% to 10% because of the differences in roughness and electroplating process. The measurement repeatability is < 1%. The proposed method is very promising to become a powerful tool for measuring the absorptivity of rough metal surface.
Árbediehtu ja biologalaš diehtu Deanu ja luosa birra: Mo nannet luossanáliid?
Authors: Holmberg Aslak
Published: March 2024

Deatnu rievdá issoras jođánit, eaige čielga sivat maŋimuš jagiid luosaid vátnumii gávdno. Deanu árbediehttit čilgejit máŋggaid rievdadusaid, mat luosa eallinbirrasis leat áiggiid čađa dáhpáhuvvan ja mo dat váikkuhit lussii. Deanu dutkanjoavkku mandáhta mielde guollebiologat galget vuhtiiváldit árbedieđu iežaset dutkamušain. Sii sirrejit árbedieđu oasážiidda, maid geahččalit ovttaid mielde guorahallat kvantitatiiva metodaiguin. Máŋggaid árbedieđuid birra ii gávdno dárkilis dáhta, mii dahká kvantitatiiva metodaid geavaheami váttisin. Go biologat eai bastte čájehit duohtan árbediehttiid cuiggodemiid, sii konkluderejit ahte ii oktage daid fuolain leat okto sivvan luossanáliid njiedjamii. Meara dilli ja sivat maŋimuš jagiid jođánis rievdadusaide eai gieđahallojuvvo sin raporttain. Árbedieđu vuođul sáhttá gáibidit máŋggaid hálddašandoaimmaid nannet luossanáliid, mat gusket luosa eallindili buorideami.