bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Stiffness for a Levinson Beam Embedded Within a Pasternak Medium Subjected to Axial Load at Both Ends
Authors: Chen Zhijiang , Cheng Qian , Jin Xiaoqing , Borodich Feodor M.
Published: December 2024

This work presents accurate values for the dynamic stiffness matrix coefficients of Levinson beams under axial loading embedded in a Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation. Levinson’s theory accounts for greater shear deformation than the Euler–Bernoulli or Timoshenko theories. Using the dynamic stiffness approach, an explicit algebraic expression is derived from the homogeneous solution of the governing equations. The dynamic stiffness matrix links forces and displacements at the beam’s ends. The Wittrick–Williams algorithm solves the eigenvalue problem for the free vibration and buckling of uniform cross-section parts. Numerical results are validated against published data, and reliability is confirmed through consistency tests. Parametric studies explore the effects of aspect ratio, boundary conditions, elastic medium parameters, and axial force on beam vibration properties. The relative deviation for the fundamental frequency is almost 6.89% for a cantilever beam embedded in the Pasternak foundation, 5.16% for a fully clamped beam, and 4.79% for a clamped–hinged beam. Therefore, Levinson beam theory can be used for calculations relevant to loads with short durations that generate transient responses, such as impulsive loads from high-speed railways, using the mode superposition method.
PET Granule Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete and FRP-Wrapping Effect: Overview of Experimental Data and Model Development
Authors: Sancak Omer Fatih , Ozyurt Muhammet Zeki
Published: December 2024

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was substituted for 10%, 20%, and 30% of the sand volume in concrete. Compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests were applied to the concrete samples and stress–strain graphs were obtained. It was observed that PET substitution caused a decrease in the mechanical properties of the concrete. For this reason, the concrete with the best PET substitution rate (10%) was reinforced by wrapping it with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), and the same experiments were repeated. It was observed that a 10% PET substitution reduced the strength of the reference concrete by about 6%. However, wrapping the PET-substituted concrete with CFRP and GFRP increased the strength by about 1.9 and 1.5 times, respectively, surpassing that of the reference sample. In addition, this study provides a comprehensive database by bringing together experimental data from studies in which PET was used as a substitute by volume or weight instead of fine aggregate in concrete. The models proposed in this study, along with previous models, were tested for applicability. Similarly, the model suggestions in the literature for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete were tested with the experimental data in this study, and their suitability for PET-substituted concrete was discussed.
Level of Acceptance of E-Learning Courses for Upgrading Digital Skill Sets Among Built Environment Professionals
Authors: Shang Gao , Pheng Low Sui , Jing Khoo Wen
Published: December 2024

E-learning has emerged as a new way of training employees, making the digital upgrading process more efficient and economically viable. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of built environment (BE) professionals concerning e-learning courses aimed at digital upskilling and to identify the positive and negative influences on the level of acceptance of such e-learning courses. Having identified the influencing factors, a self-completed questionnaire was a good approach for this study. A questionnaire was distributed to BE professionals in Singapore. Over four weeks from the middle of December 2022 to early January 2023, 78 valid responses were collected. The results indicated that individual demographics (such as age, gender, and education level) other than years of computer experience using e-learning do not encourage or deter BE professionals from accepting e-learning courses. This study also identified fifteen positive factors that increase the level of acceptance, with the top-rated factors being usefulness to a BE professional’s job scope, increased efficiency at work, potential pay increment, and supportive work culture. This study also identified ten significant negative factors, with the most important ones being cost, compatibility issues with work systems, and negative instructor characteristics.
The Supplier Selection of Prefabricated Component Production Line: A Lean-Based AHP–Improved VIKOR Framework
Authors: Dang Pei , Gao Hui , Niu Zhanwen , Geng Linna , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Sun Chao
Published: December 2024

Prefabrication is increasingly recognized as a sustainable construction practice, with the efficiency of prefabricated component (PC) production lines playing a critical role in its success. However, supplier selection for PC production lines has become more complex due to evolving industrial demands, uncertain supply chain conditions, and operational complexities. This study addresses this gap by developing a lean-based AHP–improved VIKOR decision-making framework to enhance the supplier selection for PC production lines. The framework integrates advanced lean principles with universal and specific evaluation criteria, identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews. Its validity was tested via a real-world case study with Yizhong Construction Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. The results show that the three suppliers are ranked as Zhongjian > Tianyi > Xindadi, where Zhongjian is the best supplier in this case study, with a VIKOR index of 0.156. The findings show that the developed framework can improve the supplier selection efficiency by aligning with lean principles and enhancing the performance of PC production lines. By addressing the challenges of PC supplier selection, this study provides a practical tool to advance the adoption of prefabrication in construction. Furthermore, it contributes to the development of the PC industry by offering a robust method for the selection of suitable suppliers, which can help to optimize the production efficiency and support sustainable practices in construction.
Enhancement of Mechanical and Chloride Binding Properties in Seawater Cement Using a Novel Carbon Nanomaterial
Authors: Hu Yin , Hong Tianyao , Zhou Sheng , He Chuang , He Haijie , Wang Shifang
Published: December 2024

Chloride binding technology can effectively reduce the content of free chloride ions in seawater (used for cementitious materials), thereby extending the service life of seawater concrete structures. Currently, affordable and highly dispersed nanomaterials that can enhance the chloride binding capability of seawater cement are finite. This paper presents the first experimental study on N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), an innovative carbon nanomaterial with low price and high dispersibility, to strengthen the mechanical and chloride binding capabilities of seawater cement. Concretely, NGQDs are prepared through the hydrothermal process. The morphology and structure of NGQDs are measured by TEM, AFM, FTIR, and XPS. And the strengths and chloride binding performance of different specimens are analyzed by compressive/flexural strength tests and chloride adsorption equilibrium tests. The phase compositions of various specimens are analyzed by XRD, TGA/DTG, and SEM. The consequences indicate that the unique structure of the prepared NGQDs endows them with excellent water solubility and dispersibility. Notably, the introduction of NGQDs enhances the mechanical performance of seawater cement and 0.05 wt.% NGQDs have the greatest improvement effect. The compressive and flexural strengths of seawater cement containing 0.05 wt.% NGQDs increase by 8.21% and 25.77% after 28 d curing, respectively. Additionally, the seawater cement containing 0.2 wt.% NGQDs have the best chloride binding capability and are 41.08% higher than the blank group. More importantly, the chloride binding mechanism is that NGQDs accelerate seawater cement hydration, resulting in an increased formation of hydrated calcium silicate (C–S–H) and Friedel’s salt (Fs), thereby strengthening the physisorption and chemical combination of chloride. This study highlights an inexpensive and highly dispersible nanomaterial to heighten the stability of seawater concrete structures, opening up a new path for the better utilization of seawater resources.
BIM-Based Automatic Extraction of Daily Concrete and Formwork Requirements for Site Work Planning
Authors: Pham Van-Hoan , Chen Po-Han , Nguyen Quan , Duong Diep-Thuy
Published: December 2024

Material planning is important in construction, for it affects procurement, cost, and schedule. Proper planning of material supply and logistics helps streamline the performance of all tasks through the avoidance of excessive or insufficient material supply. Material planning relies on quantity takeoff (QTO) and project schedules. Conventionally, quantity takeoff was a manual process based on 2D drawings and human interpretation and was error-prone. Presently, with the popularity of Building Information Modelling (BIM), in BIM-based projects, using inbuilt quantity takeoff functions, quantities of work can be generated automatically from BIM models to aid the quantity takeoff. However, if those inbuilt QTO solutions are object-based, then the quantities of works extracted may not meet the requirements of the users in selected cases, e.g., in zone-based construction projects. Also, for estimating daily material requirements, the accuracy of the quantities of work becomes more important, not only for the purpose of efficient planning but also for reducing construction waste. Since works using the same type of material can go overlapping, in addition to estimating the amount of material for each work, the total amount of material for a day must also be calculated. Thus, this research aims to develop a framework for automatic extraction of zone-based concrete volumes and formwork positions for cast-in-place concrete structures using the data in BIM models, followed by linking them with project schedules for estimating daily concrete and formwork requirements. This framework extends the body of knowledge by introducing an innovative algorithm for automatically calculating overlapped areas between concrete members and a rule for naming tasks in the schedule, followed by evaluating the formwork requirements without drawing formwork in a 3D model. A software tool will be developed to achieve the aim, and a case study will be used to validate the proposed framework.
Positive Impact of Prefabrication on the Mental Health of Construction Workers
Authors: Fagbenro Rasaki Kolawole , Sunindijo Riza Yosia , Illankoon Chethana
Published: December 2024

Based on the literature-established benefits of prefabrication to promote better working conditions and its potential to enhance workers’ overall mental health, this study compares the state of mental health of traditional and prefabricated construction workers. In addition to the mostly adopted negative measures of mental health such as anxiety and depression, positive mental health indicators were also used to measure and compare overall mental health conditions of the two categories of construction workers. Data were collected with a questionnaire from 93 prefabricated factory-based and site-based construction workers in Australia. The survey contains eight items to measure poor mental health and seventeen variables of four sub-constructs of positive mental health (emotional, social, psychological, and cultural/religious well-beings). An independent samples t-test was employed to examine the significance of the differences between the means of traditional and prefabricated construction workers on the measured variables and their underlying constructs of mental health and well-being. The findings revealed significantly lower symptoms of burn-out (reduced task accomplishment), suicide ideation (feeling less interested in life), and depression among the workers in prefabricated projects. Similarly, prefabrication tends to provide a positive-mental-health-supportive environment, as the workers were found to be significantly healthier than traditional construction workers on the subjective measures of emotional, social, psychological, and cultural/religious well-beings. Assessing the predictive influence of prefabrication on the overall mental health of different groups of construction workers, especially with qualitative data from different samples in different times, is recommended for future studies.
Added Value of Biological Effective Dose in Dosiomics-Based Modelling of Late Rectal Bleeding in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jongen Christian A. M. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Incrocci Luca , Heijmen Ben J. M. , Rossi Linda
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Extracting spatial features (texture analysis) from dose distributions (dosiomics) for outcome prediction is a rapidly evolving field in radiotherapy. To account for fraction size differences, the biological effective dose (BED) is often calculated. We evaluated the impact and added value of the BED in the dosiomics prediction modelling of grade ≥ 2 late rectal bleeding (LRB) probability within 5 years after treatment in three parts. Methods: For N = 656 prostate cancer patients previously treated in a randomized trial with conventional (CF) or hypofractionated (HF) radiotherapy, 42 dosiomic features were extracted from the dose distributions of the delineated rectum in physical doses and from dose distributions converted to the BED. Part 1: To assess whether an HF BED dosiomics model is generalizable to CF and vice versa, multivariate logistic regression BED models were constructed for HF and CF separately and tested on the other fractionation scheme. Part 2: The BED models were fitted to combined HF and CF data together to test whether this resulted in better models. Part 3: Separate physical HF and CF models were constructed and compared to the BED models. Results: Part 1: Dosiomics related to large-zone and long-run high-dose levels were predictive for both HF and CF. Deviation from the mean gray level was only predictive for HF. The BED HF model calibrations with CF data and vice versa were generally poor. AUCs ranged from 0.55 to 0.65. Part 2: Compared to the separate models, the models fitted to the combined HF and CF data showed better discriminative ability in CF but not in HF. Part 3: The apparent performances of models for the BED and physical dose were similar. Conclusions: Using the BED in the predictive dosiomic modelling of late rectal bleeding after prostate cancer radiotherapy to account for differences in fraction doses was of limited value.
Microenvironmental Traits of Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Adolescents and Their Prognostic Impact
Authors: Bertuzzi Clara , Righi Simona , Motta Giovanna , Rossi Maura , Carella Matteo , Gabrielli Giulia , Facchini Elena , Baldassarre Maurizio , Prete Arcangelo , Zinzani Pier , Mascolo Massimo , Agostinelli Claudio , Sabattini Elena
Published: December 2024

Background. Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) in adolescents between 15 and 18 years old shows a higher disease-related mortality, and the overall prognosis is worse than in both children and adults. Objectives. We investigated the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) therapeutic targets and specific T-regulatory and cytotoxic T-cell subsets in the subgroup of adolescent cHL patients, and we challenged their prognostic power. Methods. We retrieved formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of adolescent patients diagnosed with cHL and tested by immunohistochemistry the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, and PDL1 as well as the biological markers FOXP3 and CD8. Results. All the cases of our cohort expressed the immune checkpoint molecules CTLA-4, LAG-3, and PD-1 in microenvironment (ME), and the number of PD1+ cells was strongly associated with advanced disease, being higher in stage III/IV, indicating a possible role in the progression of cHL. A higher risk of recurrence and progression occurred in patients with lower amount of CD8+ microenvironmental T-cells at diagnosis (67.14 ± 27.23 vs. 42.86 ± 17.33 p = 0.032 and 65.59 ± 26.68 vs. 37 ± 17.45 p = 0.046, respectively). Conclusions. We showed that microenvironment of cHL in adolescent patients is enriched with potential therapeutic targets of ICPI that may be considered for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the presence of PD-1 expressing T-cells strongly relates to advanced stage disease and a low density of CD8+ T lymphocytes is associated with recurrence and progression of disease.
Gasdermin D (GSDM D) as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in Bladder Cancer: New Perspectives in Detection
Authors: Gudowska-Sawczuk Monika , Pączek Sara , Olkowicz Michał , Kudelski Jacek , Mroczko Barbara
Published: December 2024

Background: Traditional methods of bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis include clinical examination, imaging, urine tests, cystoscopy, and biopsy. Due to the complexity of detection, diagnostic markers of bladder cancer measured in blood are still being sought. The pathogenesis of BC is complex and depends on many factors. However, the available literature data suggest that gasdermin D (GSDM D) has an influence in the pathogenesis of cancers. This study is the first that assesses the significance and diagnostic utility of serum GSDM D in bladder cancer. Methods: A total of 80 serum samples were obtained and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. The cancer patients were further classified into two groups, low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) bladder cancer, according to the TNM classification. The serum levels of GSDM D, CEA, and CA19-9 were assessed following the manufacturer’s instructions using immunoassay techniques. Results: The concentrations of GSDM D were nearly twice as high in the serum of BC patients compared to controls. Additionally, the median of GSDM D concentration was notably elevated in LG and HG bladder cancer than in C. In the total study group, the GSDM D concentration correlated with CRP and CEA levels. The diagnostic sensitivity of GSDM D was higher than that of CEA, but slightly lower in comparison to CA19-9. Moreover, the negative predictive value of GSDM D was the highest among all tested markers. The highest positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were observed for CEA, while the accuracy of GSDM D was comparable. GSDM D had an AUC value of 0.741, which was similar to the AUC value of CEA. Conclusions: GSDM D in serum appears to be a valuable diagnostic biomarker, especially when its measurement is used in conjunction with other markers such as CEA. Its high sensitivity makes it effective for the early detection of bladder cancer.
Molecular Subtypes of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Significance of HPV-Independent/p53 Wild Type
Authors: Horn Lars-Christian , Brambs Christine E. , Gilks Blake , Hoang Lien , Singh Naveena , Hiller Grit Gesine Ruth , Hering Kathrin , McAlpine Jessica N. , Jamieson Amy , Alfaraidi Mona , Aktas Bahriye , Dornhöfer Nadja , Höhn Anne Kathrin
Published: December 2024

Vulvar carcinoma is a rare disease, meeting the criteria for a “rare cancer”, but its incidence is increasing, especially in women <60 years of age. Squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) accounts for the overwhelming majority of vulvar carcinomas and is the focus of this review. As with many cancers, the increased understanding of molecular events during tumorigenesis has led to the emergence of the molecular subclassification of VSCC, which is subclassified into tumors that arise secondary to high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HPV-associated, or HPVa) and those that arise independently of HPV (HPVi), most commonly in the setting of a chronic inflammatory condition of the vulvar skin. This latter group of HPVi VSCC arises in most cases secondary to mutations in TP53, but recently, attention has focused on the uncommon TP53 wild-type HPVi VSCC. These three molecular subtypes of VSCC (HPVa, HPVi p53 abnormal, and HPVi p53 wild type), as well as their precursor lesions, cannot be diagnosed based on a routine histopathological examination or immunostaining for p53 and p16 as surrogate markers for TP53 mutation and high-risk HPV infection, respectively, are required. The molecular subtyping of VSCC shows high reproducibility and provides important prognostic information. HPVa VSCC has the most favorable prognosis, while HPVi VSCC with TP53 mutations (p53abn) has the worst prognosis, and HPVi VSCC with wild-type TP53 (p53wt) has an intermediate prognosis. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting this molecular subclassification and its implications for the diagnosis and treatment of VSCC and its precursors.
Evaluation of Thermal Liquid Biopsy Analysis of Saliva and Blood Plasma Specimens as a Novel Diagnostic Modality in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Schneider Gabriela , Kaliappan Alagammai , Joos Nathan , Dooley Laura M. , Shumway Brian S. , Chaires Jonathan B. , Zacharias Wolfgang , Bumpous Jeffrey M. , Garbett Nichola C.
Published: December 2024

Background: Over the past decade, saliva-based liquid biopsies have emerged as promising tools for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer, particularly in high-risk populations. However, challenges persist because of low concentrations and variable modifications of biomarkers linked to tumor development when compared to normal salivary components. Methods: This study explores the application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based thermal liquid biopsy (TLB) for analyzing saliva and blood plasma samples from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Results: Our research identified an effective saliva processing method via high-speed centrifugation and ultrafiltration, resulting in reliable TLB data. Notably, we recorded unique TLB profiles for saliva from 48 HNC patients and 21 controls, revealing distinct differences in thermal transition features that corresponded to salivary protein denaturation. These results indicated the potential of saliva TLB profiles in differentiating healthy individuals from HNC patients and identifying tumor characteristics. In contrast, TLB profiles for blood plasma samples exhibited smaller differences between HNC patients and had less utility for differentiation within HNC. Conclusions: Our findings support the feasibility of saliva-based TLB for HNC diagnostics, with further refinement in sample collection and the incorporation of additional patient variables anticipated to enhance accuracy, ultimately advancing non-invasive diagnostic strategies for HNC detection and monitoring.
Evaluation of the Learning Curve Threshold in Robot-Assisted Lung Cancer Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Pages Pierre-Benoit , Cottenet Jonathan , Madelaine Leslie , Dhérissard Florian , Abou-Hanna Halim , Bernard Alain , Quantin Catherine
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent publications suggest that the threshold for validation of the learning curve is 25 procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate this threshold using another rarely used method, based on a composite quality indicator. Methods: We included all patients from the French medico-administrative database receiving robot-assisted surgery for lung cancer, with a focus on hospitals performing at least 25 procedures over the period 2019–2022. For postoperative complication analysis, we used the Clavien–Dindo classification. We used the sequential probability ratio test to estimate the number of procedures at which a hospital achieved its learning curve. Results: In France, the number of robotic-assisted procedures has risen steadily in the past few years: 195 in 2019 and 1567 in 2022 (overall, 3706 Robot-Assisted surgeries). The total number of patients with Clavien–Dindo classification > II was 833 (24.7%). Among the 28 hospitals performing at least 25 procedures, eight achieved their learning curve with thresholds ranging from 94 to 174 procedures, and the median was 110. Severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, heart failure, acute ischemia of the lower limbs, or pulmonary embolism were significantly more frequent in the group of hospitals that did not validate the learning curve threshold. Conclusions: This study suggests that the threshold of 25 procedures may not be sufficient to validate the robot-assisted surgery learning curve in lung cancer surgery. To significantly reduce postoperative complications, a hospital would need to perform 94 to 174 procedures to guarantee patient safety.
CO2-Assisted Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene over Modified SiO2 Based Catalysts
Authors: Florou Alexandra , Kokka Aliki , Bampos Georgios , Panagiotopoulou Paraskevi
Published: December 2024

The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2 (CO2-ODP) was investigated over different metal oxides MxOy (M: Ca, Sn, Cr, Ga) supported on a SiO2 surface. Catalysts were characterized employing nitrogen adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO2 temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) and pyridine adsorption/desorption experiments in order to identify their physicochemical properties and correlate them with their activity and selectivity for the CO2-ODP reaction. The effect of operating reaction conditions on catalytic performance was also examined, aiming to improve the propylene yield and suppress side reactions. Surface acidity and basicity were found to be affected by the nature of MxOy, which in turn affected the conversion of propane to propylene, which was in all cases higher compared to that of bare SiO2. Propane conversion, reaction rate and selectivities towards propylene and carbon monoxide were maximized for the Ga- and Cr-containing catalysts characterized by moderate surface basicity, which were also able to limit the undesired reactions leading to ethylene and methane byproducts. High surface acidity was found to be beneficial for the CO2-ODP reaction, which, however, should not be excessive to ensure high catalytic activity. The silica-supported Ga2O3 catalyst exhibited sufficient stability with time and better than that of the most active Cr2O3-SiO2 catalyst. Decreasing the weight gas hourly space velocity resulted in a significant improvement in both propane conversion and propylene yield as well as a suppression of undesired product formation. Increasing CO2 concentration in the feed did not practically affect propane conversion, while led to a decrease in propylene yield. The ratio of propylene to ethylene selectivity was optimized for CO2:C3H8 = 5:1 and space velocity of 6000 mL g−1 h−1, most possibly due to facilitation of the C–H bond cleavage against that of the C–C bond. Results of the present study provided evidence that the efficient conversion of propane to propylene is feasible over silica-based composite metal oxides, provided that catalyst characteristics have been optimized and reaction conditions have been properly selected.
A Hybrid Photo-Catalytic Approach Utilizing Oleic Acid-Capped ZnO Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Reactive Dyes
Authors: Alhashem Zakia H. , Farha Ashraf H. , Aleithan Shrouq H. , Mansour Shehab A. , Tony Maha A.
Published: December 2024

In pursuit of overcoming Fenton oxidation limitations in wastewater treatment, an introduction of a heterogeneous photocatalyst was developed. In this regard, the current work introduces ZnO nanocrystals that were successfully prepared via a thermal decomposition technique and then capped with oleic acid (OA). The synthesized ZnO-OA and the pristine ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Then, the study introduces the application of such materials in advanced oxidation processes, i.e., a Fenton reaction to treat dye-containing wastewater. Synthetic wastewater that was prepared using Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) was used as a simulated textile wastewater effluent. Fenton’s oxidation was applied, and the system parameters were assessed using the modified Fenton’s system. The synthesized samples of ZnO were characterized by a recognized wurtzite hexagonal structure. The surface modification of ZnO with oleic acid (OA) resulted in an increase in crystallite size, lattice parameters, and cell volume. These modifications were linked to the efficient capping of ZnO nanoparticles by OA, which further improved the dispersion of the nanoparticles, as demonstrated through SEM imaging. The optimum conditions of ZnO- and ZnO-OA-synthesized modified Fenton composites showed 400 mg/L and 40 mg/L for H2O2 and the catalyst, respectively, at pH 3.0, and within 90 min under UV irradiation the maximal dye oxidation reached 93%. The catalytic performance at its optimal circumstances was in accordance with a pseudo-second-order kinetics model for both ZnO-OA- and the pristine ZnO-based Fenton’s systems. The thermodynamic parameters, including the enthalpy (ΔH′), the entropy (ΔS′), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG′) of activations, were also checked, and their values settled that both ZnO and ZnO-OA Fenton systems are non-spontaneous in nature. Furthermore, the reaction signified for processing at a low energy barrier condition (10.38 and 31.38 kJ/mol for ZnO-OA- and the pristine ZnO-based Fenton reactions, respectively).
Advances in Phosphorus-Based Catalysts for Urea Electrooxidation: A Pathway to Sustainable Waste to Energy Conversion Through Electrocatalysis
Authors: Abd El-Lateef Hany M. , Khalaf Mai M. , Mohamed Ibrahim M. A.
Published: December 2024

The electrocatalytic oxidation of urea has gained significant attention as a promising pathway for sustainable energy conversion and wastewater treatment that could address the dual goals of waste remediation and renewable energy generation. Phosphorous function groups-based catalysts have been introduced as potential electrode materials for enhancing the urea electrocatalytic oxidation reaction (UEOR) due to their unique structural properties, high stability, and tunable electronic characteristics. This review presents recent advancements in phosphorous-based catalysts (phosphates/phosphides) for UEOR. It highlights the development of novel phosphorous materials, synthesis approaches, and electrocatalytic insights into urea electrooxidation on phosphorous-based materials surfaces. Key topics include the role of different metal phosphates, surface modifications, and compositional optimizations to improve electrocatalytic efficiency and durability. Through a critical evaluation of current research trends and technological progress, this review underscores the potential of phosphate-based catalysts as environmentally friendly and efficient alternatives for sustainable waste-to-energy conversion via UEOR. The review concludes with a perspective on future directions for optimizing phosphate catalysts, scaling up practical applications, and integrating UEOR systems into renewable energy infrastructures.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Photoelectrocatalysis of Zeolite-Based Composites
Authors: Zhao Yitong , Liu Meng , Guo Yingshuo , Wu Zhijie
Published: December 2024

Zeolites are a class of porous aluminosilicates possessing high surface area, good hydrothermal stability, strong sorption, and high ion-exchanging potential, and which frequently serve as efficient catalytic materials. The composites which integrate zeolite with alternative substances like metal oxides or carbon-based materials steadily outperform individual constituents. Recently, the application of zeolite-based composites in the field of photocatalytic oxidation and electrocatalytic oxidation/reduction, which is mainly focused on pollution treatment in sewage and air, have garnered significant attention. Several synthesis strategies for zeolite-based composites including post-treatment and in situ hydrothermal synthesis methods are explicated. Meanwhile, multifarious types of zeolite-based photoelectric catalytic composites are also summarized. Finally, we highlight the advancements improving the performance of zeolite-based composites in the photocatalytic treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater and the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and organics.
Current Advances and Future Directions of Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Engineered Heart Tissue for Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: He Xingyu , Good Angela , Kalou Wael , Ahmad Waqas , Dutta Suchandrima , Chen Sophie , Lin Charles Noah , Chella Krishnan Karthickeyan , Fan Yanbo , Huang Wei , Liang Jialiang , Wang Yigang
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases resulting from myocardial infarction (MI) remain a leading cause of death worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on global health systems. Current MI treatments, primarily pharmacological and surgical, do not regenerate lost myocardium, leaving patients at high risk for heart failure. Engineered heart tissue (EHT) offers a promising solution for MI and related cardiac conditions by replenishing myocardial loss. However, challenges like immune rejection, inadequate vascularization, limited mechanical strength, and incomplete tissue maturation hinder clinical application. The discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has transformed the EHT field, enabling new bioengineering innovations. This review explores recent advancements and future directions in hiPSC-derived EHTs, focusing on innovative materials and fabrication methods like bioprinting and decellularization, and assessing their therapeutic potential through preclinical and clinical studies. Achieving functional integration of EHTs in the heart remains challenging due to the need for synchronized contraction, sufficient vascularization, and mechanical compatibility. Solutions such as genome editing, personalized medicine, and AI technologies offer promising strategies to address these translational barriers. Beyond MI, EHTs also show potential in treating ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart valve engineering, and drug screening, underscoring their promise in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
FMR1 Disorders: Basics of Biology and Therapeutics in Development
Authors: Gillett Drew A. , Tigro Helene , Wang Yuan , Suo Zucai
Published: December 2024

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) presents with a constellation of phenotypes, including trouble regulating emotion and aggressive behaviors, disordered sleep, intellectual impairments, and atypical physical development. Genetic study of the X chromosome revealed that substantial repeat expansion of the 5′ end of the gene fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) promoted DNA methylation and, consequently, silenced expression of FMR1. Further analysis proved that shorter repeat expansions in FMR1 also manifested in disease at later stages in life. Treatment and therapy options do exist, but they only manage symptoms. Up to now, no cure for FMR1 disorders exists. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of FMR1 biology and the latest research focused on developing therapeutic interventions that can potentially prevent and/or reverse FXS.
Prevalence of Obesity and Dental Caries in Kindergarten Children During the First Decade of Saudi Vision 2030: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elkhodary Heba M. , Farsi Deema J. , Farsi Nada J. , Alattas Logain K. , Alshaikh Ali B. , Farsi Najat M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity and dental caries are significant health issues affecting children worldwide. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of obesity and dental caries among kindergarten children in Saudi Arabia during the early implementation years of the Vision 2030 initiative. Specifically, it examines the obesity rates between public and private kindergartens and assesses the correlation between obesity and caries risk. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a stratified sample of 347 kindergarten children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from September 2022 to March 2023, as part of a larger project assessing the obesity and dental caries prevalence in school-aged children. Their body mass index (BMI) was computed after their weight and height were measured. Following an oral examination, the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) scores were noted. The relationships between dmft and BMI, sex, and school type were studied using non-parametric tests, and its predictors were assessed as well. Results: Our findings indicate that 15.3% of the children were classified as obese based on the BMI measurements, while 9.8% were categorized as overweight. The prevalence of obesity did not show significant differences by school type when classified by BMI. The mean dmft score was 2.8 ± 3.6, with those children in public kindergartens demonstrating significantly higher dmft scores compared to their private counterparts (p < 0.001). Notably, there was no observed relationship between obesity and caries activity. Conclusions: Despite the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030, the high prevalence of obesity and dental caries among kindergarten children suggests that the current health initiatives may be insufficient. The lack of a relationship between obesity and caries activity highlights the complexity of these health issues and the need for targeted interventions. To improve the health outcomes, it is recommended to enhance the awareness campaigns regarding oral health and nutrition, increase access to preventive dental care, and integrate nutrition education into kindergarten curricula.
Hydronephrosis-Induced Polycythemia with Low Erythropoietin Level: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chang Chia-Cheng , Chen Jiann-Shiuh , Huang Chao-Ching , Yang Yuan-Ning , Chen Chih-Chia
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Polycythemia is a rare condition that can be either primary or secondary. We report a case of an adolescent with progressive hydronephrosis-induced polycythemia and low erythropoietin levels, along with a thorough literature review. Report of a Case: A 17-year-old girl with epilepsy had progressively elevated hemoglobin levels and low erythropoietin levels. Initial investigations, including genetic surveys and bone marrow studies, showed no evidence of polycythemia vera or myeloproliferative disorders. Further imaging studies revealed severe hydronephrosis on the left side caused by ureteropelvic junction stenosis. Following nephroureterectomy, her hemoglobin levels gradually returned to normal. Conclusions: This case highlights the potential association between hydronephrosis and polycythemia, even with low erythropoietin levels. Renal abnormalities should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with polycythemia, even in the absence of elevation of erythropoietin. Further research is needed to clarify this association and its pathophysiology.
The Association Between Motor Competence and Inhibitory Control in Preschool Children
Authors: Zhang Aoyu , Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhao Deqiang , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: December 2024

Background: Inhibitory control is a higher-order cognitive function that affects children’s lives and learning, and the development of inhibitory control plays a vital role in the overall development of preschool children. However, most studies have paid more attention to inhibitory and physical fitness, but less focus on motor competence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between motor competence and inhibitory control in preschool children. Methods: A total of 160 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and both motor ability and inhibitory control were assessed. Motor competence was assessed via the Children’s Motor Assessment Battery, Version 2 (MABC-2). Inhibitory control was assessed using the one-on-one iPad-based Early Year Toolbox and reflected by reaction time and accuracy. Results: A total of 153 preschoolers were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting the confounders, motor competence was associated with accuracy (β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017). Similarly, a negative association was observed between motor competence and reaction time (β = −0.008, 95% CI: −0.014, −0.002). Compared with the participants in the lowest group, motor competence (β = 0.051, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.098), manual dexterity (β = 0.106, 95% CI: 0.043, 0.170), and balance (β = 0.065, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.129) were all positively associated with accuracy of those in the highest group. Conclusions: A positive relationship between motor competence and the accuracy of inhibitory control was observed in preschoolers, whereas a negative relationship between motor competence and the reaction time of inhibitory control was also identified. Enhancing preschool children’s motor competence is likely to facilitate their development of inhibitory control.
Histopathological Analysis of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation and Thrombus Formation in Mice: The Protective Effects of Aspirin
Authors: Saitoh Hayate , Sakaguchi Miina , Miruno Fumito , Muramatsu Naoto , Ito Nozomi , Tadokoro Kanako , Kawakami Kiyoharu , Nakadate Kazuhiko
Published: December 2024

Hepatitis, a significant medical concern owing to its potential to cause acute and chronic liver disease, necessitates early intervention. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the histopathological features of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice, focusing on tissue alterations. The results demonstrated that hepatocytes exhibited decreased eosin staining, indicating cellular shrinkage, whereas sinusoids were swollen with blood cells. Detailed electron microscope analysis identified these blood cells as leukocytes and erythrocytes, which confirmed a thrombus formation within the liver. Pre-treatment with aspirin significantly attenuated these pathological changes, including reductions in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These findings highlight aspirin’s anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects in mitigating liver inflammation and thrombus formation. In this study, we highlighted the potential of aspirin as a therapeutic agent for liver inflammation, in addition to providing insights into hepatocyte alterations and sinusoidal blood cell aggregation in liver inflammation. Aspirin, through the protection of endothelial cells and reduction of cytokine levels, may have broader applications in managing liver disease and other systemic inflammatory conditions. This emphasizes its value in prevention and therapy.
Poly (Lactic Acid) Fibrous Film with Betalains from Pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) by Electrospinning for Potential Use as Smart Food Packaging
Authors: Canizales-Rodríguez Dalila Fernanda , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco , Tapia-Hernández José Agustín , Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette , Ruíz-Cruz Saúl , Aubourg Santiago P. , Ocaño-Higuera Victor Manuel , Silvas-García María Irene , Figueroa-Enríquez Cielo Estefanía , Álvarez-Moreno Milagros Guadalupe
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of biopolymers and natural colorants in smart packaging has garnered significant attention in the food packaging industry. This study investigates the design and characterization of novel fibrous films incorporating betalain extract (BE) from Stenocereus thurberi in poly (lactic acid) (PLA). An electrospinning technique was developed with varying PLA concentrations (2%–12% w/v) and BE concentrations (8%–12% w/v) to create a colorimetric freshness indicator. BE was characterized by quantifying its phytochemical content and assessing its antioxidant capacity. Morphological and structural analyses included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), polydispersity index (PI), mechanical properties, and functional characteristics such as ammonia sensitivity and total antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the incorporation of BE significantly influenced the average diameter of the nanofibers, ranging from 313 ± 74 nm to 657 ± 99 nm. SEM micrographs showed that PLA12-BE12 films exhibited smooth surfaces without bead formation. The FTIR analysis confirmed effective BE incorporation, revealing intermolecular interactions between the betalain molecules and the PLA matrix, which contributed to enhanced structural and functional stability. The mechanical properties analysis revealed that moderate BE additions (8%–10% w/v) enhanced the Young’s modulus and tensile strength, while higher BE concentrations (12% w/v) disrupted the polymer network, reducing these properties. Additionally, the strain at break decreased significantly with BE incorporation, reflecting limited molecular chain mobility. Increasing BE concentration notably improved antioxidant activity, with the BE concentration of 12% (w/v), the ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP radical scavenging activities at the highest values of 84.28 ± 1.59%, 29.95 ± 0.34%, and 710.57 ± 28.90 µM ET/g, respectively. Ammonia sensitivity tests demonstrated a significant halochromic transition from reddish-pink to yellow, indicating high sensitivity to low ammonia concentrations. The possible mechanism is alkaline pH induces aldimine bond hydrolysis and generates betalamic acid (yellow) and cyclo-DOPA-5-O-ß-glucoside (colorless) The fibrous films also exhibited reversible color changes and maintained good color stability over 30 days, emphasizing their potential for use in smart packaging applications for real-time freshness monitoring and food quality assessment.
Formation of Coatings Containing Cr2AlC MAX Phase During Plasma Spraying of Mixture of Cr3C2+Al Powders
Authors: Vigilianska Natalia , Iantsevitch Carolina , Tsymbalista Tania , Burlachenko Oleksii , Grishchenko Oleksandr , Gudymenko Oleksandr , Zawadzki Szymon , Senderowski Cezary
Published: December 2024

In this article, the structure formation and phase composition of coatings containing Cr2AlC MAX phase under the conditions of plasma spraying were studied. Mechanical mixtures of commercially available Cr3C2 and Al powders were used as a material for spraying. The amount of aluminium in the mixtures was 9 and 18 wt.%. As a result of studying physicochemical processes occurring during plasma spraying of mechanical mixtures of selected compositions, the formation of coatings containing Cr2AlC MAX phase was established, the synthesis of which occurs both at the stage of the particles flight of initial components in the plasma jet as a result of the collision and coagulation, and at the stage of a coating layer formation as a result of layering particles deformed during the collision–splats. It is shown that for the formation of a denser coating with a higher MAX phase content for spraying, it is rational to use a mixture of chromium carbide powders with 9 wt.% of aluminium. A coating with the composition 91Cr3C2-9Al (wt.%) has high corrosion resistance in operation conditions in a chloride-acetate solution, and by its indicators of corrosion resistance, is not inferior to the Cr3C2-NiCr coating, which is widely used in industry to protect parts from corrosion and wear. The obtained results show the possibility and feasibility of using mechanical mixtures of commercially available powders for the formation of coatings containing Cr2AlC MAX phase instead of expensive synthesized MAX-Cr2AlC powders.