bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disturbance of Ultisol soil based on interactions between furrow openers and coulters for the no-tillage system
Authors: Francetto Tiago R. , Alonço Airton dos S. , Brandelero Catize , Machado Otávio D. da C. , Veit André A. , Carpes Dauto P.
Published: August 2016

The present study evaluated the effect of different associations between coulters and fertilizer furrow openers on soil disturbance, furrow depth and width, according to forward speed. The study was conducted on a farm in Santa Maria (Brazil/RS), in soil classified as sandy loam Ultisol. The experiment consisted of 24 combinations of treatments with three replications in a 2×3×4 factorial experiment. The combinations were formed by the interaction of the factors including: two types of furrow openers (hoe and double-disc), three types of coulters (no-coulter, smooth and offset fluted) and four levels of forward speed (1.11, 1.67, 2.22 and 2.78 m/s). Soil elevation and soil disturbance area profiles were obtained with the use of a micro profilometer, and disturbance values were calculated with the aid of computer software program Auto Cad. The disturbance area was not affected by speed; it was greater when using the hoe opener, and in association with the offset fluted coulter. Speed was inversely proportional to the depth of the furrows made by the hoe opener. Furthermore, the hoe caused the greatest furrow width (0.26 m) in comparison with the double-disc (0.24 m). The use of different coulters associated with furrow openers increased this variable (0.23 m for the no-coulter condition, 0.25 m with smooth and 0.26 m with offset fluted). The use of coulters combined with furrow openers reduces soil swelling, in approximately 8% for the smooth and 20% for the offset fluted.
A GIS-based multivariate clustering for characterization and ecoregion mapping from a viticultural perspective
Authors: Moral Francisco J. , Rebollo Francisco J. , Paniagua Luis L. , García-Martín Abelardo
Published: August 2016

In wine-growing regions, zoning studies define areas according to their potential to produce specific wines and also identify the key drivers behind their variability and optimize vineyard management for sustainable viticulture. However, delineation of homogeneous zones is difficult because of the complex combination of factors which could affect zone classifications. One possibility to capture potential variability is the use of natural environmental properties as they are related to success in grape growing. With the aim of characterizing the spatial variability of the main vine-related environmental variables and determining different zones, climate and topographical data were obtained for Extremadura (southwestern Spain), an important wine region. Firstly, accurate maps of all climate indices were generated by using regression-kriging as the most suitable algorithm in which exhaustive secondary information on elevation was incorporated, and maps of topography-derived variables were obtained using GIS (Geographical Information System) tools. Secondly, principal component analysis and multivariate geographic classification were used to define homogeneous classes, resulting in three zones. Each zone was further characterized by overlaying the zonation map with a geology map and all enviromental layers. It was obtained that although a wide part of the Extremaduran territory has warm climate characteristics, the zones have different viticultural potential and a high proportion of the region lays on suitable substrate. This zonation in Extremadura is the basis for further zoning studies at more detailed field scale and the modeling of vineyard response to climate change.
Effect of the spray volume adjustment model on the efficiency of fungicides and residues in processing tomato
Authors: Ratajkiewicz Henryk , Kierzek Roman , Raczkowski Michał , Hołodyńska-Kulas Agnieszka , Łacka Agnieszka , Wójtowicz Andrzej , Wachowiak Marek
Published: August 2016

This study compared the effects of a proportionate spray volume (PSV) adjustment model and a fixed model (300 L/ha) on the infestation of processing tomato with potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) (PLB) and azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residues in fruits in three consecutive seasons. The fungicides were applied in alternating system with or without two spreader adjuvants. The proportionate spray volume adjustment model was based on the number of leaves on plants and spray volume index. The modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized and validated for extraction of azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil residue. Gas chromatography with a nitrogen and phosphorus detector and an electron capture detector were used for the analysis of fungicides. The results showed that higher fungicidal residues were connected with lower infestation of tomato with PLB. PSV adjustment model resulted in lower infestation of tomato than the fixed model (300 L/ha) when fungicides were applied at half the dose without adjuvants. Higher expected spray interception into the tomato canopy with the PSV system was recognized as the reasons of better control of PLB. The spreader adjuvants did not have positive effect on the biological efficacy of spray volume application systems. The results suggest that PSV adjustment model can be used to determine the spray volume for fungicide application for processing tomato crop.
Communication of Tactile Experiences in Handcraft Decorations
Authors: Kim Hee young , Ha Ji soo
Published: August 2016

This article addresses the important role of tactile experiences in fashion design and consumption focusing on handcraft decorations through examining various experiences of consumers and designers in Korea. In-depth interviews are conducted based on the preliminary literature reviews and questionnaire survey and 20 general fashion consumers and 20 fashion designers participate in the interviews. Firstly, we check their recognitions about handcraft decorations on clothing, which are one of the most representative examples of handwork in fashion design. To find out what can be induced from tactile experiences of handcraft decorations, various pleasures with their handcraft decorated clothes are separately understood in two different situations of the process of making and touching. According to the designers’ interview result, it is possible to form a sympathetic relationship between designers and materials as communicating each other through the tactile experience as using hands. In this procedure, creators come to be immersed more into the work and feel the pleasure of labour. In the consumers’ cases, tactile observation as touching the handcraft decorations stimulus sensible pleasures exploring the materials and also makes them understand the creators’ endeavour and time investment on the decorated clothes and feel empathy to them.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 8, No. 2
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: August 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2016
Determination of Uranium and Thorium in the Industrial Phosphoric Acid Using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry with Wavelength Dispersive (WDXRF)
Authors: Guitouni Mohamed
Published: August 2016

The method of determination for uranium and thorium in the industrial phosphoric acid by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF) responds positively to all the validation tests and can be adopted for the dosage for these elements. It is clear that the procedure of the proposed method is simple and requires less time to complete the analysis. The concentration for uranium and thorium in the Tunisian phosphoric acid is in the order of 22 ppm for uranium with a coefficient of variation of 0.77% and of about 4 ppm for thorium with a coefficient of variation of 1.37%.
A Case Study of American and Chinese College Students’ Motivation Differences in Online Learning Environment
Authors: Zhao Chunjuan , Mei Zongxiang
Published: August 2016

Motivating students has been a key challenge facing instructors in non-face-to-face instructional contexts. Existing researches into motivation in online learning environment have revealed that there are learning motivation differences among students from different cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to identify whether American and Chinese online learners’ motivation differ in online learning environment and what characteristics of learners could exert influence on their motivation. This study, based on a survey of 162 students from West Virginia University and 210 students from Fudan University, China, revealed that there was a significant learning motivation difference between American and Chinese online learners. And it was also found that online learners’ learning motivation were affected by such learners’ characteristics as gender, employment status and marital status.
Business Professionals’ Attitudes toward Sustainable Business Practices
Authors: Chang Otto H. , Slaubaugh Michael D.
Published: August 2016

Maintaining the sustainability of our planet is an important issue as it affects the wellbeing of future generations. Businesses can potentially play an instrumental role in addressing global warming and maintaining the ecological equilibrium of nature. Attitudes held by business executives and professionals regarding sustainable business practices can help determine the outcome of this battle. A survey instrument was administered to 166 business professionals in the Midwest United States to assess these attitudes. In general, we found that the surveyed business professionals have positive attitudes toward sustainable business practices. These attitudes were correlated with utilitarianism ethics and new business opportunities hypothesis, but not with the cost factor or a belief in a free market economy. Several background variables were found to explain the variation of the subjects’ overall attitudes toward sustainability: age, religious affiliation, political affiliation, and education.
Integrated Management System Frameworks for Corporate Social Responsibility and Related Concepts
Authors: Liew Pek Yew , Luetge Christoph
Published: August 2016

Although integrated management system (IMS) is known as an approach that can systematically and progressively integrate requirements of multiple stakeholders into the business processes, there is surprisingly a dearth of research on the adoption of this approach for the implementation and integration of stakeholder oriented concepts such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its related concepts, namely corporate sustainability (CS) or sustainable development (SD). This literature review is intended to support future research on this topic by providing a comprehensive overview of the past research on IMS frameworks that were developed for CSR and CS/SD as well as an analysis of twelve different IMS frameworks for the implementation, integration and management of these concepts. Although CSR and CS/SD are concepts that are often used synonymously, different approaches were adopted for the implementation of both concepts. Our analysis of the frameworks revealed that there is a tendency to adopt only specific international standards such as SA 8000, ISO 26000 or AA 1000 in the IMS approaches for the implementation of CSR. However, in the case of CS/SD, a combination of different management systems standards (MSSs) was incorporated into the IMS approaches for the implemention of the three dimensions of CS/SD.
Community Use Zone (CUZ) Model and Its Outcome in Malaysia Case Study from Crocker Range Park, Sabah
Authors: Voo Peter , Mohammed Abrar J. , Inoue Makoto
Published: August 2016

The Sabah Parks has been experimenting with a new approach to forest governance, namely Community Use Zone (CUZ), in order to safeguard the forests from ongoing degradation while simultaneously providing opportunities for the affected communities to improve their living conditions and livelihoods. Despite the ongoing discourse to expand this approach, there is limited systematic study to understand the changes in governance as well as linking it to forest and livelihood outcomes. By conducting structured and semi-structured questionnaire interview to CUZ and non-CUZ community members as well as Crocker Range Park staffs, this study clarifies the changes in involvement of local people in rule making and implementation of diverse forest management activities and governance decisions as well as forest and livelihood outcomes from CUZ. The result showed that local people participation in rule making and implementation is enhanced after implementation of CUZ. While the forest outcome remains mixed, the CUZ has brought positive impact to the livelihood of the participants. CUZ also has positive externality to neighboring community in terms of their attitude towards the program.
Analytical Review of Body Damage Compensation Fund in Article 10 Third Party Insurance
Authors: Abkhiz Majid , Nassiran Dawood , Abbasian Reza
Published: August 2016

Body Damage Compensation Fund subject to Article ten of Law for Responsibility of Owners of Motor Vehicles is relatively a new legislative installation in Iran; it has been effective since 1968 in relation to victims under Article ten of the Law. Up to 2008, the Fund had not a significant role in due to lack of sufficient resources the subjects’ compensation. With the replacement of Amendment to Law on Third Party Insurance in 2008, the legislators have increased the amount of commitments in addition to paying a particular attention to Fund’s sources of income under Article 4 of this law. It resulted in gradual increase in the effective role of the Fund among other installations such as Public Treasury Fund. Despite the passage of about 40 years from the installations of this fund in Iran, the legal community, particularly judges and lawyers and legal experts are still unfamiliar with nature, role, and tasks of the Fund. The legal nature of the fund has not been discussed yet and its position has not been compared to other resources. Due to poor structure, insufficient financial resources, limited obligations, and lack of covering all damaged persons, the compensation fund had not been effectiveness until 2008. Its explanation is not only useful for juridical system and important for issuance of sentences but also it is helpful in the recognition of the obligations. In addition to taking into account the definition of the fund, this article ties to compare the Iranian version to one of the most developed systems in the world, New Zealand. It will show that the fund is responsible for the damages and it is regarded as a complementary means for compensating the damages having been imposed on innocent victims while its place is clear among other institutions.
Child's Privacy Jurisprudence and International Instruments
Authors: Ansari Zahra , Khoshkar Mohammad Bahrami , Ebadi Mohammad
Published: August 2016

In the privacy rights of Shiite jurisprudence Iran directly noted instances of its use of the term is limited including the need to protect the privacy of the place with the explicit text of the Holy Quran. It's important to enter the house without letting others do not the civil rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is Shiite jurisprudence emanating from pointed to some evidences of privacy. But in international documents under human rights law and conventions of privacy have been more effectively different categories of persons referred to in the privacy in Shiite jurisprudence and civil rights and the fundamental rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, also examples of human beings considered independently about the child's privacy is something not stated. Although, due to the arrival of children, especially in social virtual communities appear to need immediate attention to children's privacy by lawyers. The drafters of civil law is necessary and international measures to develop laws in this case was conducted including raising the age to 16 years joined children to social networks can be mentioned which is also protect the privacy of physical and sexual children abuse. All psychologists’ attention and extreme caution is ding to conflicts. According to the children defenseless against this social problem that should be subject to specific and severe punishment for properties compared with adults who are physically punished are more defense capabilities and reason legislators should be.
Learning from the Malaysian Experience: Overcoming the Regulatory Challenges in the Nascent Takaful Practice Innigeria
Authors: Saleh Muhammad Musa , Balan Sujata , Bin Ruslan MD Khalil
Published: August 2016

The Islamic insurance (Takaful) introduced in March, 2013, was specifically meant to bridge the endemic insurance gap in Nigeria by engendering deepening insurance penetration and financial inclusion of the hitherto underserved and uninsured huge Muslim clientele. However, the Takaful Operational Guidelines and a host of other enabling insurance instruments are caught up in a web of regulatory conflict and ambiguity. The legal effect of this is a huge regulatory vacuum that is bound to impact negatively on capital investment climate, breed mistrust and uncertainty and discourage participation in the nascent Takaful industry. Nigeria would need to draw from the vast experiences of Malaysia in order to overcome these challenges. Nigeria and Malaysia are both former British colonies with diverse ethnic and socio-cultural backgrounds. They both practice divergent legal systems in a secular setting. Both have sizeable numbers of Muslim population. While Malaysia is considered the hub of Takaful practice in the world, Nigeria is just an emerging market in the now trending Islamic financial revolution. This paper examines the enormous general and regulatory challenges the nascent Nigerian Takaful practice will encounter in its quest to attain sustainability and vibrancy. The methodology of the study is both doctrinal and qualitative whilst employing non-random sampling technique. The study employs both primary and secondary sources of information and interviews where appropriate. The study finds the need for a review and harmonization of all the enabling insurance instruments in Nigeria, transforming the current business models and improving practices in the insurance sector to enhance the application of Takaful. The study recommends the enactment of a Takaful Act like that of Malaysia.
The Semantics of Taqiya (Religious Prudence) in Shiite Narrations Based on Izutsu Method
Authors: Jafari Reza , Raeisian Gholamreza , Jalaly Mahdi , Emamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad
Published: August 2016

The word (reservation) has been stated in Arabic language before Islam means to abstain, keep and hide. This word before the advent of Islam has been used as a customary word for the act of expressing or concealing the belief and opinion to protect their life or property or whatever is honorable for the user of reservation. Reservation passed certain semantic developments and transformations in Shia after Islam and finally was turn to a religious - moral word. The use of the reservation became common due to the conditions of social - political life of Innocent Imams (peace to be upon them) and their followers in the period of Imam Baqir and Imam Sadiq (peace to be upon them). It was used in the meaning of hiding the truth and not stating to believe in it against the opponents in order to abstain from religious or secular loss. Thus, was considered in the category of Shia religious - moral vocabulary. Reservation is of the first level terms of language according to Izutsu method and describes an objective and real concept. Its first semantic core is without valuation. Some elements have been considered at the semantic core of the reservation that faith and security is of the most important of them.
Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution in Articulating and Representing Strategic Management and Effectiveness of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Moradi Bahram , Azimi Mehrdad , Moradi Javad
Published: August 2016

Domestic and global revolution of its major milestones and goals, pillars of the clerical or managerial and leadership of the revolution. For this purpose, in a historical-descriptive study library method to this important work And then the most influential factors in this study and given the position of supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the supreme leader of strategic management in guiding the revolution and the Islamic Republic Of Iran's military effectiveness and studied Finally, in analyzing the measures taken About the position and dimensions and consequences strategies and suggestions for improving the expression of the divine youth.
Confusions in the Anticommons
Authors: King Ronald F. , Major Ivan , Marian Cosmin Gabriel
Published: August 2016

Tragedy of the anticommons is the logical reciprocal to the better-known tragedy of the commons. It is generally characterized as a legal regime in which multiple owners hold rights of exclusion over a resource in demand. The resource cannot be put into use without a bundling of approvals from the various separate owners, yet bundling entails serious bargaining complications resulting in systematic Pareto underutilization. Nevertheless, we argue, the anticommons concept often has been employed without consistency and appropriate precision. Illustrations come primarily from the writings of Michael Heller, whose oft-cited work has been central to the anticommons literature. This paper presents a simple version of the formal anticommons model and demonstrates that relevant applications can be constructed with uniformity and analytic rigor.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: August 2016

Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to jps@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 2

Adriana F. Sestras, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Anserd Foster, Kansas State University, United States

Chang-Jun Liu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States

Denis Charlebois, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Canada

Juan K.Q. Solomon, University of Nevada, United States

Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Poland

Martina Pollastrini, University of Florence, Italy

Qiuheng Lu, University of Virginia, United States

Rocío Deanna, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina

Said Laarabi, University Mohammed V/Ministry of National Education, Morocco

Santiago Andrés-Sánchez, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain

Slawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland

Vatsavaya Satyanarayana Raju, Kakatiya University Warangal, India

Xiaomin Wu, Loyola University Chicago, United States

Youcef Halis, Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Algeria
SISTEMAS FRONTAIS SOBRE A AMÉRICA DO SUL PARTE II: MONITORAMENTO MENSAL EM DADOS DA REANÁLISE I DO NCEP/NCAR
Authors: Pampuch Luana Albertani , Ambrizzi Tércio
Published: August 2016

A tracking of the frontal systems over South America is performed by the Climate Studies Group at the University of São Paulo  (GrEC/USP) since January 2014. This analysis used an objective methodology for tracking the frontal systems that consists in analyze daily data from I NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis I and verify the occurrence of decrease in temperature at 925hPa, simultaneous to a shift in the meridional wind in 925hPa and sea level pressure increase one day to another. This monitoring is done through maps with the number and anomalies of frontal systems and also analyzing the occurrence of these systems in grid points on the coast, inland and center of the continent.
ANÁLISE DA PROPAGAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DOS VÓRTICES GERADOS POR UM MICROBURST ESTÁTICO E ISOLADO
Authors: Demarco Giuliano , Anabor Vagner , Rizza Umberto , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Martins Luís Gustavo Nogueira , Costa Felipe Denardin , Acevedo Otávio Costa
Published: August 2016

The Southern Brazilian region is specially affected by extreme weather events, very often intense wind gusts coming from deep convection may develop itself as a microburst producing winds higher than 100 km/h. In order to understand the physical and dynamical process evolved in this phenomena, a static and isolated microburst is produced through a Large Eddy Simulation. A quantitative analysis of propagation an maintenance of the microburst vortex ring is performed in order to understand its evolution.
SOLUÇÃO DA EQUAÇÃO DE ADVECÇÃO-DIFUSÃO TRIDIMENSIONAL PELO MÉTODO GIADMT PARA DOIS TERMOS DE CONTRAGRADIENTE
Authors: Rui Karine , Costa Camila Pinto da
Published: August 2016

In this work, we present the resolution of the three-dimensional stationary advection-diffusion equation, through the GIADMT technique, considering the nonlocal closure for turbulent flow, using two different parameterization for the countergradient, one proposal by Cuijpers e Holtslag (1998) and another proposed by Roberti et al. (2004). The concentration of pollutants is estimated and compared with the observed data in Copenhagen experiment using different parameterization for the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA JANELA DE MÉDIA EM ESCOAMENTOS TURBULENTOS A PARTIR DA DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE MULTIRESOLUÇÃO
Authors: Cassol Franco , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Anabor Vagner , Piva Everson Dal , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: August 2016

The estimative of turbulent quantities by Reynolds average depend on time scale average. This average window should be great enough to describe all turbulent contributions and small enough to filter the largest scales (low frequencies contributions). In this work are applied the multiresolution decomposition to find the spectral gap that split the turbulent of non-turbulent motions, this way the best time scale for the Reynolds average. The results of that methodology are compared with 1, 5, 15, and 30min windows average. This task is accomplished by the linear correlation between tubulent kinetic energy and friction velocity scale. The results reveal a better linear relationship between kinetic energy and friction velocity scale with adaptative time scale average than ones found with frozen window average.
PREVISÃO CLIMÁTICA DE PRECIPITAÇÃO PARA A REGIÃO SUL POR REDE NEURAL AUTOCONFIGURADA
Authors: Anochi Juliana Aparecida , Velho Haroldo Fraga de Campos
Published: August 2016

Climate prediction for precipitation field is a key issue, because such meteorological variable is the challenge for climate and weather forecasting due to the high spatial and temporal variability with strong impact on the society. A method based on the artificial neural network is applied to monthly and seasonal precipitation forecast in southern Brazil. The use of neural networks as a predictive model is widespread in different applications. The best configuration for the neural network is automatically calculated. The autoconfiguration scheme is described as an optimization problem.
CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE EM DADOS DE ALTA FREQUÊNCIA NO PROJETO ATTO
Authors: Zahn Einara , Dias Nelson Luis
Published: August 2016

Control quality in turbulence data is an essential step before carrying on any analysis. However, there are not standard tests to follow, and the evaluation criteria are left to the researcher. In this context, the main goal of this study is perform a quality control of high frequency data (10 Hz) measured at two levels above an Amazonian forest (39.4 and 81.6 m, where the average forest height is approximately 40 m). First of all, spikes were removed; in the following, changes in standard deviation in each variable were evaluated with the intention to detect sensor malfunction or low levels of turbulence. Finally, to detect trends and unsteady cases the Reverse Arrangement Test was applied, followed by an analysis of the temporal variation of each variable (difference between maximum and minimum values). After all control quality procedures, 15.8% of the data measured at 81.6 m and 40.7% of the data measured at 39.4 m remained. These results show the high quantity of inconsistent runs, highlighting the importance of the control quality in order to avoid that they contaminate the ensuing analysis.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE VELOCIDADE DO VENTO E ENERGIA CINÉTICA TURBULENTA EM MODELOS SIMPLIFICADOS DA CAMADA LIMITE NOTURNA
Authors: Maroneze Rafael , Acevedo Otávio Costa , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: August 2016

The determination of the turbulent fluxes in very stable conditions is done, generally, through parameterizations. In this work the turbulent fluxes are estimated, by using a simplified model, through prognostic equations for the turbulent intensity, the sensible heat flux and the temperature variance. The results indicate that the model is able to reproduce both atmospheric coupling and the intermittent character of the turbulence in very stable conditions.
INFLUÊNCIA DE CIRCULAÇÕES LOCAIS EM ÁREAS DE APROVEITAMENTO DE POTENCIAL EÓLICO NA REGIÃO DO LAGO DE SOBRADINHO
Authors: Silva Pollyanna Kelly de Oliveira , Aragão Maria Regina da Silva , Correia Magaly De Fatima , Santos Samira De Azevedo
Published: August 2016

In this work local circulation patterns are investigated for the year of 2010 in the Sobradinho Lake region, at the 25 m and 50 m levels. The hodographs illustrate the local wind variation in the four quadrants of the wind rose, in the majority of the months. The local time (LT) and magnitude of the maxima and minima intensities depend on the time of the year. A negative vertical shear in the local wind during the late night-early morning (night) is more evident in the period from May to September (October to February). The local wind, at times of maximum intensity, represents up to 60% of the observed wind speed and, in the remaining of the twenty four hours of the day, between 10 and 30%. This ratio decreases with height in the twelve months of 2010, and is more evident in the periods 4-6 LT and 17-20 LT, with exception of March and June, respectively. The local circulations may be associated with coupling between the land (lake) breeze and the catabatic (anabatic) winds during the late night-early morning (late afternoon-early night). The months of June, July and August show less variability in wind direction, favoring a better use of the wind turbines.
UM ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DA INTENSIFICAÇÃO DO VENTO EM RESERVATÓRIOS DE CENTRAIS HIDROELÉTRICAS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Pellegrini Cláudio De Castro , Leite Neto Almilson Vilhena , Assis João Victor Burgareli de , Assireu Arcilan Trevenzoli
Published: August 2016

Brazil has a large hydric potential explored in many ways, especially for electrical generation. However there is a lack of studies about the wind acceleration a converge over the reservoir, affected by the surrounding topography and the low roughness of the water surface. In this work an evaluation of the phenomenon is performed thought observed data and numerical simulation using the WRF atmospheric model. The selected reservoirs are located in the Brazilian south-east region, and both have operating infrastructure of transmission. In view of that, we have tried to understand the influence of the joint reservoir-topography over the wind behavior. It was verified that in the Itumbiara reservoir (Goias State), the wind experiences acceleration with both cross and aligned wind with respect to the reservoir branches. Otherwise, the Tres Marias reservoir (State of Minas Gerais) shows that in the case of non-aligned wind the reservoir has not a significant influence over wind speed. It is concluded that for both reservoirs wind speed-ups are verified, caused by the joint reservoir- topography influence, that becomes more evident with speeds over 3.0 m/s (10 m over the ground) a velocity matching modern wind turbines cut out speed.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS EÓLICOS NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ ATRAVÉS DE SIMULAÇÕES COMPUTACIONAIS
Authors: Lira Marcos Antonio Tavares , Moita Neto José Machado , Silva Emerson Mariano da , Sombra Bruno Pires
Published: August 2016

Wind energy has been prominent in the global context to be a clean energy source and an alternative to the use of conventional sources. As the variability of wind speed and direction depends on climatic conditions, the development of tools that can estimate these quantities have singular role. Thus, this study aims to estimate the wind profile of the state of Piauí through computer simulations using the atmospheric model BRAMS. It was also possible to highlight the wind vector field and the areas of greatest wind potential through computer generated maps.
DETECÇÃO DA FRENTE DE UM MICROBURST COM EXPOENTES DE LYAPUNOV EM TEMPOS FINITOS
Authors: Correa Nicasio Barrere , Aceto Cecilia Cabeza , Demarco Giuliano , Rizza Umberto , Anabor Vagner , Puhales Franciano Scremin , Acevedo Otávio Costa
Published: August 2016

A microburst is a phenomena that occurs in the atmosphere which consist on a very intense downdraft that, after impinging on the ground surface, leads to strongly divergent winds at and just above the ground level. Such winds can reach more than 30 m/s-1 and are associated with high shear forces, representing a serious threat to aircrafts and buildings. The detection and tracking of the front of the microburst expansion at the ground level becomes an important and interesting field for researchers. Previous works show the detection of the vortex core but not for the vortex front. From velocity fields obtained from a LES simulation, we utilize Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) which measures the exponential divergence between particle trajectories. Then we identify manifolds which acts as separatrices of the flow and represent the edge or front of the vortex. By tracking the vortex front we also measure its displacement through time.  Find the front of the vortex using only vorticity and velocity fields is complicated and imprecise. Therefore, the combination of these two methods represents a new approach in this particular problem.
VALIDAÇÃO DO PRODUTO DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO MOD16 PARA UMA CULTURA DE ARROZ IRRIGADO EM CACHOEIRA DO SUL - RS
Authors: Souza Vanessa De Arruda , Roberti Débora Regina , Alves Rita De Cássia Marques , Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Tatsch Jônatan Dupont
Published: August 2016

The process of evapotranspiration (ET) is the second major component of the hydrological cycle, being connected directly with the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Determine the ET for large areas of irrigated rice is a limiting factor due to the high cost of equipment and skilled labor. Using data from remote sensors has been serving as an alternative technique for monitoring ET over large areas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ET (MOD16) for a rice paddy in the Cachoeira do Sul - Brazil. The data used in this study cover the period from October 2013 to September 2014. The comparison between the ET-MODIS central pixel with the observed ET (estimated by technique Eddy Covariance) showed statistical values of RSME = 15.87, PBIAS -29.2. For the same pixels with vegetation were also extracted from the average values of ET-MODIS flow and compared with the tower, showing RSME = 14.59, PBIAS = -40.3. The biggest difference between the observed data with the MOD16 occurred during the rice cultivation that takes place between the spring/summer, not following the variability of ET.
OBSERVAÇÕES POR AVIÃO DA INTERAÇÃO DA PLUMA DE MANAUS COM OS AEROSSÓIS DA FLORESTA DURANTE A ESTAÇÃO CHUVOSA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Almeida Gerson Paiva , Santana Marçal Evangelista , Sousa Rodrigo , Godoi Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Measurements of aerosol size distribution and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) efficiency over the Amazon Region close to the city of Manaus, Brazil, were taken during an airborne experiment in February – March (rainy season) 2014 as part of the Green Ocean Amazon Experiment (GOAmazon). A variety of aerosols were observed following the aging along the downwind Manaus plume, in a relatively well preserved portion of Amazon basin. At this work we evaluate how those aerosols interact with the Amazonian environment for the situation observed during 13th march 2014. The aerosols size distribution is studied considering its aging downwind the Manaus plume. The concentration of CCN inside the plume is evaluated and a large enhancement is observed.
ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO EM ÁREA DE PASTAGEM EM SANTA MARIA – RS
Authors: Rubert Gisele Cristina Dotto , Roberti Débora Regina , Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Moraes Osvaldo Luiz Leal de
Published: August 2016

The eddy covariance technique was used to estimate the sensible and latent heat flux between the atmosphere and the Pampa Biome in the period from 20 November 2013 to 20 November 2014. Annual Evapotranspiration (ET) was 1021 mm, corresponding to 55% of the annual precipitation. The ET is highly correlated with the net radiation (97%). The Bowen ratio was indicated that most of the available energy was used for the evaporation. The evaporative fraction remained about average, with greater variability in the colder months.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM MODELO MATEMÁTICO PARA DESCREVER A DISPERSÃO DE CONTAMINANTES EM SITUAÇÕES DE MEANDRO DO VENTO HORIZONTAL
Authors: Stefanello Michel Baptistella , Degrazia Gervásio Annes , Maldaner Silvana , Buriol Celene , Moor Lilian , Carvalho Jonas , Mortarini Luca , Rizza Umberto
Published: August 2016

In this work it’s derived a mathematical model to describe the meandering contaminants dispersion in the planetary boundary layer.  The model employs a heuristic functional form for the velocity autocorrelation function which describes the negatives lobes observed in meandering data. Furthermore, the model is derived from the linearization of the Langevin equation. The mathematical equations, that represent the longitudinal and lateral wind components describe the bi-dimensional pattern of the meandering flow and can be utilized to calculate the contaminant concentrations occurring in situations in which the meandering phenomenon plays a decisive role.
VARIABILIDADE HIDROCLIMÁTICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO NEGRO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA A PORÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Goergen Guilherme , Tatsch Jônatan Dupont , Mendoza Felipe Raphael Theodorovitz , Valdés Roilan Hernández , Kannemberg Carolina , Parcianello André , Valente Fabíola , Boiaski Nathalie Tissot
Published: August 2016

In this article we carried out a hydroclimatological characterization of the upper reaches of the Rio Negro Basin, located in the Brazilian portion. We used rainfall and streamflow data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) and the Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) in the 1995-2014 period, collected at different points surrounding the watershed. From the data analysis, we can identify that the average annual precipitation over the basin varies between 1440 and 1480mm. The annual average streamflow was approximately 538,7mm, corresponding to a runoff coefficient of 38%. The accumulated rainfall and streamflow series showed that, as of mid-year 2004, there was a significant reduction of the accumulated streamflow, probably caused by an increase in water demand for agricultural irrigation due to lower volumes of rainfall. Pre-2005 runoff coefficient showed an interannual oscillation between 36% and 42%, after 2005 the runoff coefficient systematically decreased from 45% to 35%. This reduction suggests an increase in the extraction of water for irrigation which consequently favors greater crop evapotranspiration in a period with slightly lower annual precipitation (2005-2014) compared to the previous period (1995-2004).
PROGNÓSTICO DA VELOCIDADE DO VENTO UTILIZANDO O MODELO WRF NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DE ALAGOAS
Authors: Lyra Roberto Fernando Da Fonseca , Silva Junior Rosiberto Salustiano da , Moura Marcos Antonio Lima , Amorim Marney Chaves de Aragão Lisboa
Published: August 2016

The PVPN project (Previsão do Vento em Parques Eólicos no Nordeste Brasileiro “Wind forecast for wind farms in the Brazilian Northeast”) has been made aiming to developing a methodology for the prediction of short and medium-term wind energy in wind farms, proper Brazilian Northeast. This paper presents results from an intensive campaign, which, wind velocity and micrometeorological measurements including turbulence are made. Estimates made by the WRF model for the wind velocity were compared with friction velocity and the fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat). The results showed that the model represented well the daily cycles of the four variables with correlation coefficients between 0.79 and 0.94. The estimation of the wind velocity were very good with a difference of only 10.55%. The estimate of the remaining variables was bad to reasonable.
ESTIMATIVA DAS EMISSÕES DE POLUENTES ATMOSFÉRICOS GERADAS POR VEÍCULOS LEVES EM SANTA MARIA DE JETIBÁ, ES
Authors: Pinto Wanderson De Paula , Lima Gemael Barbosa , Zanetti Juliano Bras , Percílios Idarlete Boecker , Braum Edilson Sarter
Published: August 2016

With population growth, economic development and the increase of motorized fleet, the pollution sources without proper control are making worse the quality of the environment. The increase of the current vehicles fleet in Santa Maria de Jetibá has contributed to raising the concentration of pollutants in the city atmosphere. In this context, this study aimed to conduct a study of emissions from leakage of light motor vehicles in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá - ES in 2009. The methodology was based on methods for the preparation of vehicle emissions inventories of the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and the Primeiro Inventário Nacional de Emissões Atmosférica por Veículos Automotores Rodoviários prepared by Ministério do Meio Ambiente. From the results of this research, there is a considerable reduction in pollutant emissions under study since 1990. This decrease can be attributed to the suitability of vehicle manufacturing technologies and due to the implementation of Law number 8723 of October 28, 1993, laying down detailed rules for the issuance of automotive pollutants.
ANÁLISE DA PERFORMANCE DE UM MODELO DE COLUNA SIMPLES UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES PARAMETRIZAÇÕES PARA A TAXA DISSIPAÇÃO VISCOSA DE ENERGIA CINÉTICA TURBULENTA
Authors: Lira Janete Gonçalves , Stüker Eduardo , Schuster Jean Jonathan , Schuster Cristiano Henrique , Santos Daniel Michelon dos , Medeiros Luiz Eduardo , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: August 2016

The proper description of the atmospheric flow in the stable atmospheric boundary layer is one of the most complex tasks to be performed by numerical models of weather and climate prediction. Most of the parameterizations used in these models are based on the statistical theory of turbulence in their conception. However, this theory is valid only for a flow in which turbulence is homogeneous, isotropic and stationary, a conditions that are not commonly found overnight. Basically, the nighttime flow can be classified in two major regimes: very stable, where turbulence is almost entirely suppressed; and weakly stable regime, with intense turbulent mixing. The transition between these regimes is known as atmospheric coupling, and it can happens a lot of times along the same night. In this work, we implemented a single column model with turbulence closure 1.5, in three different configurations and three different turbulence formulations. In general, the model results show that, all the configurations are able to reproduce the average characteristics of the flow in the weakly stable conditions.
ANÁLISE DA ESTRUTURA VERTICAL DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA CINÉTICA TURBULENTA DURANTE A OCORRÊNCIA DE EVENTOS DE INTERMITÊNCIA GLOBAL
Authors: Dill Thaís Freitas , Battisti Adriano , Costa Felipe Denardin , Medeiros Luiz Eduardo , Guerra Viviane Da Silva
Published: August 2016

This study aims to analyze the vertical structure of the terms of the ECT balance equation for the occurrence of intermittent events generated in surface and propagate upward. In order to verify that the dominant terms and the role of each term during such events. It was used FLOSSII experimental data collected in seven vertical levels (1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m and 30 m) and have a sampling frequency of 60 Hz. The study period comprises between 20 November 2002 to 02 April 2003 and of that total, this study, we analyzed 108 nights. The majority of events generated surface (EB) are very weak compared to the events generated at the top of the tower layer and propagate down. The analyzes made by vertical turbulence structure and ECT balance for the EB’s showed that the dominant term near surface is the mechanical production. Thus, with increasing shear surface, producing turbulence and consequently, the transport of works term “loading” turbulence to higher levels of the atmosphere.
MODELO SEMI-LAGRANGEANO DE DISPERSÃO ATMOSFÉRICA - AVALIAÇÃO
Authors: Meneses Lisiane Ramires , Almeida Ricardo Carvalho
Published: August 2016

A two-dimensional Semi-Lagrangian numerical model to simulate pollutant dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer on flat terrain is tested. The model is based on the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation using a three-time-level Semi-Lagrangian scheme for the discretization of the advection term. The problem of pollutant dispersion in stable and unstable atmospheric conditions is investigated using two different parameterizations for the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient. The performance of the model is discussed from the confrontation of the concentration values observed in the dispersion experiment of Prairie Grass with the ones simulated by the model. The statistical analysis shows that the model simulates the experimental data in a satisfactory way and presents results similar to the ones obtained by other authors using the models available in the literature.
EFEITOS DE UMA CAMADA DE PALHA NO COMPORTAMENTO TÉRMICO DO SOLO
Authors: Webler Geovane , Roberti Débora Regina , Diaz Marcelo Bortoluzzi , Teichrieb Claudio Alberto , Zwirtes Anderson Luiz , Reinert Dalvan José
Published: August 2016

The presence of crop residue on the soil surface has an impact on evaporation, water storage, soil temperature and soil heat flux. Consequently, changes the energy transfer in the soil-atmosphere system. The objective of this work is study the influence of crop residues in the soil thermal variables. It was concluded that the thermal effect of a straw layer is large, leading to surface temperature differences around 10°C. With depth increasing, the effect of straw coverage decreases, leading to a temperature difference to 4°C of 5cm depth. The most important consequence of higher temperature on bare ground is an increase of soil heat flux. In stable weather conditions, this difference can reach 29 W/m2.