bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigenous fish traps and fish weirs on the Darling (Baaka) River, south‐eastern Australia, and their influence on the ecology and morphology of the river and floodplains
Authors: Martin Sarah , Chanson Hubert , Bates Badger , Keenan‐Jones Duncan , Westaway Michael C.
Published: December 2022

Fish traps and fish weirs built by Indigenous people in the Barwon‐Darling River system of the Murray Darling Basin (MDB), south‐eastern Australia, are an important component of their traditional social, spiritual and economic systems. The celebrated Brewarrina stone fish traps (Ngunnhu) on the Barwon River are the largest and best documented stone fish traps in the Basin. However, there has been minimal research on the many other stone fish traps in this system. This paper focusses on the in‐stream stone fish traps downstream of Brewarrina along the Darling (Baaka) River, some still partly extant, remembered, or documented in historical material. Wooden and earthen bank fish traps and weirs, while not as enduring and archaeologically visible as stone fish traps, were frequently used on the Darling (Baaka) floodplain lakes, swamps and billabongs. Archaeological evidence, traditional cultural knowledge and historical materials are utilised to document the complex social processes and modification of landscapes associated with fish traps and weirs. By demonstrating that Barkandji were active and successful managers of the river and its ecology prior to colonisation, and that much of this cultural knowledge is retained by current generations, the authors make a case for them to renew their custodianship and a decision‐making role in water management.
Transition‐metal‐free Synthesis of tetra‐substituted Vinyl Iodides by Cascade Sequential Reaction of α‐Keto Acids, 1‐Iodoalkynes, and Alkyl Halides
Authors: Zeng Xiaobao , Cheng Zhenfeng , Xie Yushan , Gu Yunhui
Published: December 2022

The cascade sequential reaction of α‐keto acids, 1‐iodoalkynes, and alkyl halides are reported herein to synthesize tetra‐substituted vinyl iodides. It represents an efficient protocol to access a diverse range of tetra‐substituted vinyl iodides starting from simple materials in a one‐pot fashion, featuring mild reaction conditions, ease of operation, and broad substrate scope.
Impact of typhoon Soudelor on ozone and water vapor in the Asian monsoon anticyclone western Pacific mode
Authors: Li Dan , Bian Jianchun , Zhang Xin , Vogel Bärbel , Müller Rolf , Günther Gebhard
Published: December 2022

Ozonesonde measurements from Hong Kong and Naha are combined with satellite observations to investigate the vertical structure of ozone and water vapor around the tropopause during typhoon Soudelor over the northwestern Pacific in 2015. The results show that the tropopause height is decreased compared to the mean tropopause during 2000–2017 in the western Pacific mode of the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA). The vertical transport associated with Soudelor decreases the ozone concentration by 60% in the upper troposphere. Further the equatorward transport from high latitudes around the western Pacific mode of the ASMA increases ozone concentration by 40% in the lower stratosphere. Cross‐tropopause transport of water is observed above typhoon Soudelor, and water vapor to be enhanced at 80–100 hPa compared to nontyphoon regions. Dehydration is observed below the tropopause around the eye of Soudelor.
Evaluation of empirical pretreatment assessments for developing treatments for expulsion in pediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Scotchie Michaela , Borrero Carrie S. W.
Published: December 2022

A common problem among children with feeding disorders is expulsion (removing or spitting food or drink from the mouth), which interferes with treatment success when the goal is consumption. Previous research has identified effective treatments to reduce expulsion, most commonly—re‐presentation (presenting the expelled bite or a new bite of the same food immediately following the expulsion). However, there is not currently an assessment model in place to inform treatment decisions with a goal to reduce expulsion. In the present study, we used a multielement design to identify conditions under which little or no expulsion occurred with three children with feeding disorders. The results of the assessment were then used to inform treatment selection aimed to eliminate expulsion. The comparisons of the assessment included physical prompt, bite number, texture, preference, bite presentation style, and size of the bite. Results suggest that this assessment was useful for the design of individualized treatments for children who frequently expel food.
Automated detection of intracranial large vessel occlusions using Viz.ai software: Experience in a large, integrated stroke network
Authors: Karamchandani Rahul R. , Helms Anna Maria , Satyanarayana Sagar , Yang Hongmei , Clemente Jonathan D. , Defilipp Gary , Strong Dale , Rhoten Jeremy B. , Asimos Andrew W.
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose

Endovascular thrombectomy is an evidence‐based treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. Commercially available artificial intelligence has been designed to detect the presence of an LVO on computed tomography angiogram (CTA). We compared Viz.ai‐LVO (San Francisco, CA, USA) to CTA interpretation by board‐certified neuroradiologists (NRs) in a large, integrated stroke network.

Methods

From January 2021 to December 2021, we compared Viz.ai detection of an internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery first segment (MCA‐M1) occlusion to the gold standard of CTA interpretation by board‐certified NRs for all code stroke CTAs. On a monthly basis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Trend analyses were conducted to evaluate for any improvement of LVO detection by the software over time.

Results

3851 patients met study inclusion criteria, of whom 220 (5.7%) had an ICA or MCA‐M1 occlusion per NR. Sensitivity and specificity were 78.2% (95% CI 72%–83%) and 97% (95% CI 96%–98%), respectively. PPV was 61% (95% CI 55%–67%), NPV 99% (95% CI 98%–99%), and accuracy was 95.9% (95% CI 95.3%–96.5%). Neither specificity or sensitivity improved over time in the trend analysis.

Conclusions

Viz.ai‐LVO has high specificity and moderately high sensitivity to detect an ICA or proximal MCA occlusion. The software has the potential to streamline code stroke workflows and may be particularly impactful when emergency access to NRs or vascular neurologists is limited.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ionic liquids containing ketoconazole in patients with tinea pedis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wu Xiying , Shen Min , Wang Huan , He Xue , Tan Jingwen , Wang Ruiping , Yang Lianjuan , Yang Hong , Qi Jianping , Chen Zhongjian , Zhu Quangang
Published: December 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) loading ketoconazole (KCZ) have shown better efficacy on rats with tinea pedis than the marketed Daktarin® but clinical studies are still lacking. In this study, we described the clinical translation of ILs containing KCZ (KCZ‐ILs) from the lab into the clinic and evaluated the efficacy and safety of KCZ‐ILs in patients with tinea pedis. Thirty‐six enrolled participants were randomized to receive either KCZ‐ILs (KCZ, 4.72 mg/g) or Daktarin® (control group; KCZ, 20 mg/g) topically twice daily, making the lesion be covered with a thin layer of medication. The randomized controlled trial lasted for 8 weeks including 4 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks of follow‐up. Primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of treatment success responders, defined as patients achieving negative mycological result and ≥60% relative reduction in total clinical symptom score (TSS) from baseline at week 4. Secondary outcomes mainly for evaluating the relapse of disease included the proportion of treatment success individuals at week 8 and fungal recurrence rate at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 8. After 4 weeks of medication, 47.06% of the KCZ‐ILs subjects were treatment successes compared with only 25.00% of those using Daktarin®. Throughout the trial period, KCZ‐ILs induced a significantly lower recurrence rate (52.94%) than that of control patients (68.75%). Furthermore, KCZ‐ILs were found to be safe and well‐tolerated. In conclusion, ILs loading only 1/4 KCZ dose of Daktarin® showed a better efficacy and safety profile in the management of tinea pedis, creating a new opportunity for the treatment of skin diseases caused by fungal infection and is worthy of clinical application.
Optimizing targeted drug selection in combination therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of safety
Authors: Xie Ruiyang , Wu Jie , Shang Bingqing , Bi Xingang , Jiang Weixing , Cao Chuanzhen , Zhou Aiping , Shi Hongzhe , Shou Jianzhong
Published: December 2022

Objective

For patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the dose of targeted agents was recommended in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We performed a network meta‐analysis to describe a categorized safety ranking profile and assess the adaptability of the combination options of targeted agents.

Methods

The targeted agents refer to vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF‐TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials comparing these drugs were enrolled in a Bayesian model network meta‐analysis.

Results

Nineteen clinical trials with 11 treatments and 10,615 patients were included. For grade ≥ 3 adverse events (AEs), compared with placebo, lenvatinib plus everolimus showed worse safety than all other treatments except for lenvatinib (placebo vs. OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07–0.78). Everolimus was generally the safest agent (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.50–3.14). Sorafenib arose the least renal AEs (placebo vs. OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.06–11.64), whereas lenvatinib plus everolimus had the highest risk of renal toxicity (placebo vs. 0.17 95% CI 0.01–1.02). For gastrointestinal symptoms, everolimus was related to much lower toxicity than other agents. In the respiratory safety analysis, tivozanib (placebo vs. OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.07–0.31) and axitinib (OR 5.43, 95% CI 3.26–9.22) were the riskiest agents. In terms of hepatobiliary (placebo vs. OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.09–2.10) and hemotoxicity (placebo vs. OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.14–7.68) related AEs, lenvatinib was found to be the safest treatment compared to placebo.

Conclusions

Everolimus, with the best safety of grade ≥ 3, gastrointestinal, and respiratory AEs, was more likely to be considered for combination therapies. Lenvatinib appears to be the safest for blood/lymphatic and hepatobiliary AEs. For patients with renal disorders, sorafenib arises the least renal toxicity AEs. This study will guide treatment options and optimize the trial design for advanced or metastatic RCC.
Acidic pH‐Triggered Live‐Cell Lysosome Specific Tracking, Ratiometric pH Sensing, and Multicolor Imaging by Visible to NIR Switchable Cy‐7 Dyes
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Saha Pranab Chandra , Kar Samiran , Guha Pampa , Das Rabi Sankar , Bera Tapas , Guha Samit
Published: December 2022

We have demonstrated an efficient synthetic route with crystal structures for the construction of acidic pH‐triggered visible‐to‐NIR interchangeable ratiometric fluorescent pH sensors. This bioresponsive probe exhibits pH‐sensitive reversible absorption/emission features, low cytotoxicity, a huge 322 nm bathochromic spectral shift with augmented quantum yield from neutral to acidic pH, high sensitivity and selective targeting ability of live‐cell lysosomes with ideal pKa, off‐to‐on narrow NIR absorption/fluorescence signals with high molar absorption coefficient at acidic lysosomal lumen, and in‐situ live‐cell pH‐activated ratiometric imaging of lysosomal pH. Selective staining and ratiometric pH imaging in human carcinoma live‐cell lysosomes were monitored by dual‐channel confocal laser scanning microscope using a pH‐activatable organic fluorescent dye comprising a morpholine moiety for lysosome targeting and an acidic pH openable oxazolidine ring. Moreover, real‐time tracking of lysosomes, 3D, and multicolor live‐cell imaging have been achieved using the synthesized pH‐activatable probe.
Tetrelanes versus Tetrylenes as Precursors to Transition Metal Complexes Featuring Tridentate PEP Tetryl Ligands (E=Si, Ge, Sn)
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , García‐Álvarez Pablo
Published: December 2022

Two synthetic approaches have until now been used to synthesize transition metal complexes having a tridentate (pincer or tripod) PEP tetryl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) ligand. These approaches differ in the metal‐free precursor, tetrelane or tetrylene, that gives rise to the corresponding PEP tetryl ligand. Tetrelanes (PSiP silanes, PGeP germanes and PSnP stannanes and simple phosphane‐free stannanes) have led to tetryl ligands by oxidatively adding an E−X bond (X=H, C or halogen in most cases) to the metal atom of a low‐valent transition metal complex, whereas tetrylenes (PGeP germylenes and PSnP stannylenes) have led to tetryl ligands upon insertion of their E atom into an M−X bond (X=Cl in most cases) of the metal precursor or through a derivatization of the E atom after the tetrylene fragment is coordinated to the metal. For each synthetic approach, all the currently known types of PEP tetryl ligand frameworks that have been found in transition metal complexes are presented and discussed in this review.
Combining reduction with synchronization barrier on multi‐core processors
Authors: Mohamed El Maarouf Aboul‐Karim , Giraud Luc , Guermouche Abdou , Guignon Thomas
Published: December 2022

With the rise of multi‐core processors with a large number of cores, the need for shared memory reduction that performs efficiently on a large number of cores is more pressing. Efficient shared memory reduction on these multi‐core processors will help share memory programs be more efficient. In this article, we propose a reduction method combined with a barrier method that uses SIMD read/write instructions to combine barrier signaling and reduction value to minimize memory/cache traffic between cores, thereby reducing barrier latency. We compare different barriers and reduction methods on three multi‐core processors and show that the proposed combining barrier/reduction methods are 4 and 3.5 times faster than respectively GCC 11.1 and Intel 21.2 OpenMP 4.5 reduction.
A Mild, Efficient and Sustainable Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols Promoted by Acidic Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Arnodo Davide , De Nardo Eugenio , Ghinato Simone , Baldino Salvatore , Blangetti Marco , Prandi Cristina
Published: December 2022

A straightforward protocol to promote the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols, using for the first time bioinspired acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as non‐innocent reaction media under mild reaction conditions, was reported. This approach enables the preparation of several tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers starting from primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols in short reaction times and with high levels of chemoselectivity, working under air and without the need of additional catalyst. The sustainability of the methodology was further highlighted by its scalability and the easy recyclability of the NADES, allowing multigram preparations of THP ethers without any loss of the catalytic activity of the reaction media up to ten recycling steps. Telescoped, one‐pot tetrahydropyranylation/nucleophilic acyl substitution transformations using the same eutectic mixture were also demonstrated.
Comparing ARIA‐E severity scales and effects of treatment management thresholds
Authors: Klein Gregory , Scelsi Marzia A. , Barakos Jerome , Fiebach Jochen B. , Bracoud Luc , Suhy Joyce , Delmar Paul , Lyons Marco , Wojtowicz Jakub , Bullain Szofia , Barkhof Frederik , Purcell Derk
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities–edema (ARIA‐E) is associated with anti‐amyloid beta monoclonal antibody treatment. ARIA‐E severity may be assessed using the Barkhof Grand Total Scale (BGTS) or the 3‐ or 5‐point Severity Scales of ARIA‐E (SSAE‐3/SSAE‐5). We assessed inter‐ and intra‐reader correlations between SSAE‐3/5 and BGTS.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 75 participants in the SCarlet RoAD and Marguerite RoAD studies. Three neuroradiologists reviewed scans at baseline and at follow‐up. Concordance in dichotomized ARIA‐E ratings was assessed for a range of BGTS thresholds.

Results

SSAE‐3/5 scores correlated with BGTS scores, with high inter‐reader intraclass correlation coefficients across all scales. There was high agreement in dichotomized ratings for SSAE‐3 > 1 versus BGTS > 3 for all readers (accuracy 0.85–0.93) and between pairs of readers.

Discussion

SSAE‐3/5 showed high degrees of correlation with BGTS, potentially allowing seamless transition from the BGTS to SSAE‐3/5 for ARIA‐E management.
Estimating spatially variable and density‐dependent survival using open‐population spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Milleret Cyril , Dey Soumen , Dupont Pierre , Brøseth Henrik , Turek Daniel , de Valpine Perry , Bischof Richard
Published: December 2022

Open‐population spatial capture–recapture (OPSCR) models use the spatial information contained in individual detections collected over multiple consecutive occasions to estimate not only occasion‐specific density, but also demographic parameters. OPSCR models can also estimate spatial variation in vital rates, but such models are neither widely used nor thoroughly tested. We developed a Bayesian OPSCR model that not only accounts for spatial variation in survival using spatial covariates but also estimates local density‐dependent effects on survival within a unified framework. Using simulations, we show that OPSCR models provide sound inferences on the effect of spatial covariates on survival, including multiple competing sources of mortality, each with potentially different spatial determinants. Estimation of local density‐dependent survival was possible but required more data due to the greater complexity of the model. Not accounting for spatial heterogeneity in survival led to up to 10% positive bias in abundance estimates. We provide an empirical demonstration of the model by estimating the effect of country and density on cause‐specific mortality of female wolverines (Gulo gulo) in central Sweden and Norway. The ability to make population‐level inferences on spatial variation in survival is an essential step toward a fully spatially explicit OPSCR model capable of disentangling the role of multiple spatial drivers of population dynamics.
Two 2D Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal‐Organic Complexes Constructed from a New Flexible N‐Donor Ligand with High Capacitance Performances and Low Detection Limits of Cr(VI)
Authors: Lu Jun‐Jun , Lin Hong‐Yan , Liu Qian‐Qian , Chang Zhi‐Han , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Wang Xiu‐Li
Published: December 2022

By designing and using a new flexible bis(pyrimidine)‐bis(amide) ligand H2L [H2L=N,N′‐bis(4‐pyrimidinecarboxamido)‐1,3‐propane], two new polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal‐organic complexes (MOCs), H3[Cu2(L)2(PMo12O40)] (1) and [Cu2(H2L)2(β‐Mo8O26)] (2), were synthesized under solvothermal and hydrothermal conditions, respectively. In complexes 1 and 2, metal‐organic units and POM anions are linked together to form two distinct 2D structures. The [PMo12O40]3− (PMo12) anions were used as μ4‐bridging ligands in complex 1 and linked the 1D [Cu(L)]n metal‐organic chains to form a 2D layered structure. The [β‐Mo8O26]4− (Mo8) anions adopted two diverse coordination modes in complex 2 and connected the 1D [Cu(H2L)]n2n+ metal‐organic chains to generate a 2D grid structure. Complexes 1–2 can serve as electrode materials of supercapacitor and show large specific capacitances, up to 1065 and 956 F g−1 at current density of 2 A g−1, respectively, which surpass the parent POM and most of the previous reported POM‐based electrode materials, thus demonstrating the important role of introducing metal‐organic units in improving capacitive performances. Besides, the electrocatalytic redox activities of complexes 1–2 were also studied, both of them can be used as electrochemical sensors to detect Cr(VI) ions. They possess high sensitivity of 0.537 and 0.455 μA μM−1 and low detection limits of 0.16 and 0.33 μM, which are below the maximum content of Cr(VI) in groundwater required by the WHO.
Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Isoxazolines and 2‐Isoxazolin‐5‐ones Bearing Fully Substituted Stereocenters**
Authors: McArthur Gillian , Abel Steven , Volpin Giulio , Barber David M.
Published: December 2022

Although there is an abundance of methods for the enantioselective synthesis of 2‐isoxazolines and 2‐isoxazolin‐5‐ones, relatively few of these approaches have been reported when these heterocycles bear fully substituted stereocenters. In this review, we will detail the methods that have been used to successfully accomplish these challenging asymmetric transformations and give insights into their importance, such as allowing access to unique three‐dimensional chemical space. The limitations of the currently known reactions will be discussed, as well as highlighting the future developments needed to advance the research field.
Arylformylacetonitriles in Multicomponent Reactions Leading to Heterocycles
Authors: Zhong Yuan
Published: December 2022

Arylformylacetonitriles are versatile and attractive synthons in organic synthesis owing to their high reactivity. Among the numerous transformations involving arylformylacetonitriles, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer straightforward and effective routes to assemble the reactants into a wide range of five‐ and six‐membered heterocyclic systems including pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, furan, pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyran. This review collects the recent advances and applications of arylformylacetonitriles in MCRs for the synthesis of monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycles published in the literature since 2001.
Synthetic Strategies for Versatile Thioester Building Blocks
Authors: Pal Amit , Prasad Mondal Pinku , Niloofar Fathima , Sahoo Basudev
Published: December 2022

Thioester constitutes a fundamentally unique intermediate, engaged in various biosynthesis processes in living systems as well as a versatile synthon in modern organic synthesis. Transition metal catalysis and radical reaction manifolds have enabled to enrich the repertoire of synthetic methods for thioesters. In this review, we have accommodated the recent reports on modern strategies towards thioester synthesis from a plethora of readily available feedstocks, such as alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols or commodity chemicals/synthetic building blocks like organic aldehydes, halides or organoboron reagents under various catalysis domains. Furthermore, the momentous advancements of employing progenitors of odorous thiols as well as CO‐surrogates have contextually been emphasized, alongside the utilization of native free thiols and CO gas.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Self‐Sensitized Oxidative and Regioselective C(sp2)−H Selenylation and Sulfenylation of Substituted 2‐Amino‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones
Authors: Nayek Nayana , Brahmachari Goutam
Published: December 2022

A photochemical method based on visible‐light (white LEDs/sunlight) irradiation has been developed for the regioselective and oxidative C(sp2)−H selenylation and sulfenylation of substituted 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones under oxygen atmosphere. The photochemical process does not require any external photoredox catalysts. The other notable advantages of this protocol are metal‐free synthesis, visible light/sunlight as energy sources, good substrate scope, and moderate to good yields (41–91 %) with high regioselectivity.
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydrazine and nitrite based on Au nanoparticles decorated on the poly(Nile Blue) modified carbon nanotube
Authors: Hatip Müge , Koçak Süleyman , Dursun Zekerya
Published: December 2022

In this study, simultaneous determination of toxic hydrazine and nitrite was performed on composite electrodes of poly(Nile blue)(NB), carbon nanotube(CNT) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE was used for as a sensor platform for individual and simultaneous determination of hydrazine and nitrite. Electrodes were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, XPS, EIS. The LOD for nitrite and hydrazine was 5.0 μM and 3.1 μM at AuNP/CNT/poly(NB)/GCE, respectively. Also, sensitive amperometric determinations of hydrazine and nitrite were performed and LOD were calculated as 0.33 μM and 0.68 μM, respectively. The method was applied to sausage and river water samples and recovery results were obtained in the range 85–115 %.
Theoretical and experimental analyses of structures with supplemental clutching inertia devices
Authors: Liang Qigang , Li Luyu
Published: December 2022

Clutching inertia device (CID) is a novel device that incorporates the function of an inerter and the clutching effect that can be provided by a ratchet. In this paper, the performance of an SDOF system with supplemental clutching inertia is investigated through theoretical analyses and experimental tests. First, the dynamic equation for a structure with a CID is built in the form of multi‐body motion. Second, an inertia device (ID), a CID, and an inertia‐enhanced CID (ECID) by reducers are designed for dynamic testing in a small‐scale steel structure. Third, the influence of clutching effect, flywheel inertia and accessory damping of the CID on the structural response is analyzed through a comparative study of numerical simulation and shaking table tests under harmonic and seismic excitation. The results confirm previous predictions that the clutching effect helps to reduce the resonant response of the structure and that the increase in flywheel inertia can further mitigate the resonant response when considering certain accessory damping in the CID. The increase in accessory damping, either viscous damping or friction damping, will obviously reduce the resonant response and resonant frequency of the controlled structure, and the structure with the ECID shows better performance than that of CID when considering the same accessory damping. It is confirmed that the tested CIDs improved the structural seismic performance by slightly prolonging the fundamental structural period and prominently controlling the response in resonant frequency and high frequency owing to the effect of supplemental clutching inertia and accessory damping.
Managing dyke retreat: Importance of century‐scale channel network evolution on storm surge modification over salt marshes under rising sea levels
Authors: Pinton Daniele , Canestrelli Alberto , Xu Sheng Zhuo
Published: December 2022

A hybrid coastal defense consisting of a salt‐marsh system at the seaward side and dykes on the landward side has been globally implemented to improve coastal resilience. In this approach, marshes are valuable ecosystems that dampen storm surges and have an intrinsic ability to keep up with sea‐level rise (SLR). Dykes instead, prevent the surge from penetrating inland. Therefore, dyke retreat is now considered a valuable option that allows the creation of new marshland in front of the relocated dyke, thus maximizing surge damping. The studies investigating the effect of dyke retreat on surge modification do not incorporate the morphodynamic expansion of tidal networks in the de‐reclaimed land, which is modeled as an unchannelized marsh. Here, we use the morphodynamic model Delft3D and a marsh evolution module to study the formation of tidal networks in a de‐reclaimed land after dyke retreat and evaluate their effect on surge modification (damping or amplification), and thus, the maximum water level reached at the dyke during a storm surge event. For this purpose, we consider different combinations of hydrodynamic (storm surge peak and duration, SLR), and morphodynamic (sediment input, dyke retreat distance, and de‐reclaimed land slope) parameters. Our results suggest that an increase in tidal prism, which depends on retreat distance, de‐reclaimed land slope, and SLR, drives the century‐scale morphodynamic evolution of the marsh. Results also show that surge damping is overestimated if the morphodynamic evolution of the tidal network after dyke retreat is neglected since the new creeks favor the landward propagation of the surge. Finally, a genetic algorithm is used to determine a relationship between surge modification, marsh morphology, and the morphodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of the simulations. The relationship indicates that relative surge damping increases for shallower tidal networks, smaller surge peaks, higher marsh platforms, and smaller percentages of channelized area.
Analysis of cofermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus based on microrheology
Authors: Yang Shujuan , Li Weicheng , Bai Mei , Wang Jicheng , Sun Zhihong
Published: December 2022

The fermented milk mainly consists of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. This research was aimed to investigate the cofermentation characteristics of different L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains. Three strains of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus ST‐2 were mixed and prepared into the starter (A, B, and C) and applied to milk fermentation for screening of optimal combination, and the commercial starter (D) was used as the reference. The microrheological properties during fermentation were analyzed by using multifrequency diffusion spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the fermented milk's stability, texture, and sensory characteristics were also observed during storage. Microrheology analysis revealed that the time to reach the fermentation endpoint of starters A, B, and C was almost the same during fermentation. Groups A, B, and C showed more elastic solid‐state properties and groups A and C had higher elastic factors, indicating that the gel structure of the sample was relatively strong. During storage, the pH value of fermented milk in each group D, A, C, and B was in sequence from high to low, and the titratable acidity was also in sequence from high to low in B, C, A, and D groups, respectively. The viscosity of group A was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (p < 0.05), and there was no change in group D (p > 0.05). The sensory score of fermented milk in group A was higher, and the overall texture was good. Results concluded that group A starter culture produced fermented milk with a firm gel structure and excellent texture and flavor. This study will provide data support and methodology for developing and screening compound starters applied for milk fermentation in the future.
Diels–Alder Additions to 2,2’‐Biaceanthrylene
Authors: Du Yachu , Pandey Krishna , Plunkett Kyle N.
Published: December 2022

A series of Diels–Alder reactions between the diene 2,2’‐biaceanthrylene and several dienophiles is presented. The diene is a cyclopenta‐fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with anthracene units linked by two cyclopentene rings. Depending on the dienophile, the major product was the result of a single addition (dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate) or double addition (quinone, benzyne) to the diene. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the quinone‐derivative shows a propeller‐like structure composed of mixed enantiomers. The synthesis and photophysical properties of these compounds are presented.
Guide to manual positive pressure ventilation (bagging) in companion animal practice
Authors: Cantó Lucía Torres , Auckburally Adam , Pernet Nicolas
Published: December 2022

Background: Squeezing the reservoir bag on the anaesthetic breathing system to inflate the lungs (colloquially known as bagging) is a technique commonly used during general anaesthesia in veterinary practice. Despite being straightforward to perform, the physiological implications are important to understand. Furthermore, catastrophic consequences can occur and staff must be vigilant and trained correctly when using this technique to manage ventilation during anaesthesia.

Aim of the article: This article provides an overview of the indications and contraindications of manual bagging, and reviews relevant literature from human medicine.
PPI-Induced Changes in Plasma Metabolite Levels Influence Total Hip Bone Mineral Density in a UK Cohort
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Adebayo Adewale S. , Wang Dongmeng , Raza Yasrab , Tomlinson Max , Dooley Hannah , Bowyer Ruth C.E. , Small Kerrin S. , Steves Claire J. , Spector Tim D. , Duncan Emma L. , Visconti Alessia , Falchi Mario
Published: December 2022

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most used drugs in the UK. PPI use has been associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, although these results have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that PPI could modulate BMD by altering gut and/or host systemic metabolic environments. Using data from more than 5000 British male and female individuals, we confirmed that PPI use is associated with decreased lumbar spine and total hip BMD. This effect was not mediated through the gut microbiome. We suggest here that PPI use may influence total hip BMD, both directly and indirectly, via plasma metabolites involved in the sex hormone pathway. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Greater lifetime stressor exposure is associated with poorer mental health among sexual minority people of color
Authors: Parra Luis A. , Spahr Chandler M. , Goldbach Jeremy T. , Bray Bethany C. , Kipke Michele D. , Slavich George M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Research has shown that sexual minority people of color experience pervasive and sometimes severe life stressors that increase their risk of experiencing mental health problems, and that can contribute to lifelong health disparities. However, no studies in this population have investigated stressor exposure occurring over the entire lifespan. Moreover, it remains unknown whether these stressor‐health effects differ based on the timing or types of stressors experienced.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how cumulative lifetime stressor exposure is associated with mental health among Black, Latinx, and biracial Black‐Latinx sexual minority persons.

Method

Participants were 285 ethnic/racial minority young adults (Mage = 25.18 years old, SD = 1.94, age range = 19–29 years), who completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults to assess for retrospective reports of lifetime stressor count and severity. The Brief Symptom Inventory was used to assess participants' symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization, which were the main outcomes. Most participants identified as cisgender male (94.7%) and gay (74.2%), with the remaining participants identifying as transgender or genderqueer/nonbinary for gender and bisexual/pansexual, queer, or another sexual orientation.

Results

Multiple regression analyses indicated that experiencing more—and more severe—stressors across the lifespan was related to greater anxiety, depressive, and somatization symptoms. These effects were robust while controlling for race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, and employment status, and they differed based on stressor exposure timing, type, primary life domain, and core social–psychological characteristic.

Conclusion

Greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure is related to poorer mental health among sexual minority people of color. Screening for lifetime stressors may thus help identify at‐risk persons and provide an opportunity to intervene to help mitigate or prevent mental health disparities in multiply stigmatized adults.
Modification of Vancomycin Dosing in Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Xu‐ben , Zhou Zi‐Ye , Wang Jue , Zheng Liu‐Pu , Dai Ying , Wang Yu‐Zhen , Zhang Xiao‐Shan , Chen Chuang , Shi Da‐Wei , Zhang Chun‐Hong
Published: December 2022

This study aims to assess the risk factors for insufficient vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to modify the dosing regimen to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations. A total of 27 patients with vancomycin dosing of 1 to 1.5 g based on a weight cutoff of 67 kg were included, of which only 13 (48.15%) had vancomycin plasma concentration >15 mg/L at surgical closure. Risk factors of vancomycin concentration <15 mg/L at surgical‐site closure were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis, which showed that CPB duration was an independent predictor. Patients with CPB duration >4 hours had significantly lower vancomycin concentrations and lower proportion in achieving target vancomycin concentration at the end of CPB and surgical closure. For patients with CPB >4 hours, the modified dosing regimen that a second dose of 0.5 to 0.75 g added at 4 hours since the onset of CPB improved the target achievement of vancomycin concentration at surgical closure. Taken together, CPB duration >4 hours was the risk factor for insufficient vancomycin concentration at surgical closure, while our modified dosing could improve the vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.
MicroRNA profiling of different exercise interventions for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy in naturally aging rats
Authors: Liang Jiling , Zhang Hu , Zeng Zhengzhong , Lv Jun , Huang Jielun , Wu Xiaowen , Wang Minghui , Xu Jiahao , Fan Jingjing , Chen Ning
Published: December 2022

Background

Exercise is an affordable and practical strategy to alleviate several detrimental outcomes from the aging process, including sarcopenia. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms to alleviate sarcopenia is one of the most important steps towards understanding human aging. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate muscle growth, regeneration and aging, the potential role of exercise‐mediated miRNAs during the prevention and rehabilitation of skeletal muscle atrophy upon exercise interventions remains unclear.

Methods

A miRNA profile by miRNA sequencing for gastrocnemius muscle of a 24‐month‐old aged male rat model mimicking the naturally aging process was established through screening the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) for alleviating aging‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy upon optimal exercise intervention. The screened miRNAs and hub genes, as well as biomarkers with the most significantly enriched pathways, were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Results

The sarcopenia index (SI) value and cross‐sectional area (CSA) of rats from the old control (OC) group significantly decreased when compared with the youth control (YC) group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), whereas an increased SI value and an enlarged CSA of rats from the old‐aerobic exercise (OE), old‐resistance exercise (OR) and old‐mixed exercise (OM) groups were determined (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05; P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that 764 known miRNAs, 201 novel miRNAs and 505 miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were identified to be related to aging‐induced muscular atrophy. Among them, 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed (P < 0.05 and log2|fold change| > 1) between the YC group and the OC group. Compared with the OC group, 7, 2 and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the OE, OR and OM groups after exercise interventions, respectively. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the identified DEMs were primarily related to apoptosis, autophagy and the NF‐κB/MuRF1 signalling pathways (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, four DEMs (miR‐7a‐1‐3p, miR‐135a‐5p, miR‐151‐5p and miR‐196b‐5p), six hub genes (Ar, Igf1, Hif1a, Bdnf, Fak and Nras) and several biomarkers (LC3, Beclin1, p62, Bax, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB/MuRF1) with the most significantly enriched pathways were confirmed, which may play a key role in muscular atrophy during the aging process.

Conclusions

These findings are closely correlated with the progression of sarcopenia and could act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and interventional monitoring of aging‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Acute pancreatitis after nitrous oxide abuse: A case report
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Guo Linjie , Wang Yufang
Published: December 2022

The recreational use of nitrous oxide (N2O) is sharply increasing among young adults. N2O abuse can cause serious complications. However, the association between acute pancreatitis and N2O is rarely reported. Here we report a case of a young and previously healthy female with widespread cutaneous lesions, neurologic symptoms, and abdominal pain. Acute pancreatitis was the patient's primary diagnosis when she was admitted to the gastroenterology unit. We added the diagnosis of N2O intoxication after an additional inquiry into the patient's personal history revealed that she had abused N2O for 1 month. With the application of mecobalamin and other symptomatic treatments, the symptoms and laboratory indexes improved gradually. In this case, we highlight that acute pancreatitis may be a rare complication induced by N2O.
The fate of donor‐type ABO blood group antigen expression in liver grafts in ABO‐incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Oh Moon Young , Kim Haeryoung , Yi Nam‐Joon , Hong Suyoung , Lee Jeong‐Moo , Lee Sola , Hong Suk Kyun , Choi YoungRok , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Suh Kyung‐Suk
Published: December 2022

Background/Purpose

Donor‐type ABO blood group antigens (dABOAgs) have been detected in ABO‐incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation (ABOi ALDLT) grafts, but their fate and role in ABOi ALDLT rejection remain uncertain.

Methods

The 0‐day, <1‐month, and 1‐year serial liver graft biopsies from 30 ABOi ALDLT recipients were retrospectively evaluated. ABO antigen expression was quantitatively and serially measured by the mean number of positively stained vascular structures (endothelium of the capillaries, arteries, hepatic veins, and portal veins) within the portal tracts (sS).

Results

The dABOAg sS counts of 0‐day, <1‐month, and 1‐year liver graft biopsies (32.3, 20.8, and 20.6, respectively) decreased significantly (p < .001). Early rejection in the <1‐month biopsy was observed in 8/30 (26.7%) recipients, four (13.3%) of whom showed antibody‐mediated rejection. The sS counts tended to rebound in grafts showing early rejection, with minimal changes from the 0‐day to <1‐month period, but increased to pre‐transplantation levels after 1 year, compared to that in grafts without early rejection (36.0, 20.4, 19.6 vs. 23.7, 21.9, 23.0, respectively; p = .040).

Conclusions

While dABOAg expression decreased after ABOi ALDLT, recipients showing early rejection showed sustained graft dABOAg expression. Therefore, dABOAg expression may be involved in the mechanism of accommodation in ABOi transplantation.
Green multicomponent approach to novel 5‐[(2H‐Pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidines
Authors: Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Kalashnikova Varvara M. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , Elinson Michail N.
Published: December 2022

The multicomponent green methodologies are an ideal instrument in organic synthesis. Environmentally benign, facile, and efficient multicomponent synthesis of [(2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidines by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, N,N′‐dimethylbarbituric acid and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one employing simple and eco‐friendly catalyst and solvent—sodium acetate and ethanol is reported. The reaction proceeds at reflux conditions with good and excellent yields (65%–97%). The isolation of final compounds does not require complex purification procedures. All novel synthesized compounds are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT‐IR and mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The [(2H‐pyran‐3‐yl)(aryl)methyl]‐1,3‐dimethylpyrimidine structure was proven using 2D NMR spectroscopy methods.
Multigram‐scale concise synthesis of the ring A of bilirubin and related compounds
Authors: Chen Fapu , Gong Jingxu , Chen Fakai , Luo Zhanglong
Published: December 2022

A multigram‐scale concise synthesis of the ring A of bilirubin, a pyrrolinone bearing a vinyl group, was achieved, from cheap and available cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol in 40% overall yield in four steps. The key step involved the intramolecular cyclization of aldehyde with amide and the rearrangement of the ethylidene group.
Liquid biomarkers of macrophage dysregulation and circulating spike protein illustrate the biological heterogeneity in patients with post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Schultheiß Christoph , Willscher Edith , Paschold Lisa , Gottschick Cornelia , Klee Bianca , Bosurgi Lidia , Dutzmann Jochen , Sedding Daniel , Frese Thomas , Girndt Matthias , Höll Jessica I. , Gekle Michael , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Binder Mascha
Published: December 2022

Post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) are long‐term consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection that can substantially impair the quality of life. Underlying mechanisms ranging from persistent viruses to innate and adaptive immune dysregulation have been discussed. Here, we profiled the plasma of 181 individuals from the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero), including individuals after mild to moderate COVID‐19 with or without PASC and uninfected controls. We focused on soluble factors related to monocyte/macrophage biology and on circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S1) protein as a potential biomarker for persistent viral reservoirs. At a median time of 8 months after infection, we found pronounced dysregulation in almost all tested soluble factors, including both pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic cytokines. These immunological perturbations were remarkably independent of ongoing PASC symptoms per se, but further correlation and regression analyses suggested PASC‐specific patterns involving CCL2/MCP‐1 and IL‐8 that either correlated with sCD162, sCD206/MMR, IFN‐α2, IL‐17A and IL‐33, or IL‐18 and IL‐23. None of the analyzed factors correlated with the detectability or levels of circulating S1, indicating that this represents an independent subset of patients with PASC. These data confirm prior evidence of immune dysregulation and persistence of viral protein in PASC and illustrate its biological heterogeneity that still awaits correlation with clinically defined PASC subtypes.
High incidence of the virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China
Authors: Yan Yan , Sun Jinhan , Ji Kai , Guo Jianhui , Han Lei , Li Fang , Sun Yuning
Published: December 2022

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Sputum specimens were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae detection. The virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human rhinovirus (38.3%), respiratory syncytial virus (32.1%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial coinfection showed younger age (p = 0.032), a higher proportion of wheezing rales (p = 0.032), three depressions sign (p = 0.028), and tachypnea (p = 0.038), and more likely associated with severe pneumonia (p = 0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible to viral‐atypical bacterial coinfection (p = 0.032). Vomiting (p = 0.011) and fever (p = 0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral‐atypical bacterial coinfection. Attention should be paid to the virus infection of LRTI, as viral‐bacterial coinfection and viral‐atypical bacterial co‐infection may have a detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI.
In Reference to Documentation in Pediatric Microlaryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy
Authors: Boyle Seamus , Fitzsimons Michael , Heffernan Colleen
Published: December 2022

This is a letter to the Editor on the article by Neocleous et al. on “Documentation in Pediatric Microlaryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy” Laryngoscope, 133:E26–E26, 2023