bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of nozzle flow based on Euler equation
Authors: Li Qiaoxin , Qin Xu , Qu Ruixin , Wang Jiaqi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the Euler-based numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the flow characteristics inside the Laval nozzle. In detail, the central difference method is used to discretize the flow field of the nozzle. And two kinds of flow conditions are simulated numerically: the isentropic flow from subsonic to supersonic, and the isentropic flow at full subsonic speed. The results show that the velocity increases and then decreases slowly, reaching the peak point near the nozzle throat. The pressure decreases non-linearly, and the density increases at first and then drops, following by a sharp rise later. The shock wave oscillation also appears in the flow from subsonic to supersonic, and this is because the artificial viscous term is not enough in discrete solution. Then we analyze the law of change of physical quantity by changing the shape of the nozzle. The results demonstrate that the larger the nozzle’s curvature, the faster the change rate of a physical quantity is. And the velocity at the nozzle inlet approaches zero when the area at the inlet and outlet approaches infinity.
Accelerated GPU simulation of the gaseous detonation cell structure
Authors: Yang Ruixin , Wang Chun
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present paper is to report on our recent results for GPU accelerated simulations of the gaseous detonation structure. Reactive Euler equations with a one-step Arrhenius chemistry model have been used for numerical simulation. And the NND space discretization scheme combined with Steger-Warming split method has been used. For time discretization we have applied the explicit third order Runge-Kutta method. We have obtained a speedup of 8 times ( in comparison to 30 threads openmp program) for the gaseous detonation simulation on a structure grid of 320 million points.
A short proof on the Plancherel formula
Authors: Zhou Ganling , Zhao Qiyuan
Published: September 2021

Fourier transform is a linear transform that applicants in the field of engineering and physics. The main goal of this research study is to give a self-contained study of the Fourier transform. As a modern analysis tool, the Fourier Transform has multiple applications in many fields, from the study of partial differential equations to dynamical systems. Fourier transformation has played a key role in many research fields. In this paper, we summarize the basic computational properties of the Fourier transformation and give proof of the Plancherel formula.
Analysis of Theoretical and Experimental Research on Bubble Parameters and Gas-liquid Interaction in Bubble Flow
Authors: Yin Jun
Published: September 2021

Bubble flow is a phenomenon in which gas flows with liquid in the form of bubbles, which widely exists in production and life. As an important part of fluid mechanics, bubble flow also has a certain impact on the actual production process. This work briefly summarizes the development of research on bubble flow in recent years. Firstly, a brief introduction to the development process and current situation of bubble flow in chronological order is presented, and the main difficulties related to the research and development of bubble flow are also pointed out, including the complicated gas-liquid distribution pattern and the exchange of materials and energy between gas and liquid phases, which slow down scholars’ research progress. Then, several theoretical models for bubble flow research are introduced. These models take bubble parameters into account, including the ultimate velocity of bubble rising, the transfer of energy and matter in the coalescence, and rupture of the bubble, the phase distribution of the bubble in the tube, and the interaction between the bubble and the liquid (the shear stress produced by bubbles affecting the turbulence field). This work briefly explains the ideas of each model and the results obtained, compares and analyzes their advantages, disadvantages and limitations, and predicts the theoretical and technical means required for subsequent theoretical model construction. Finally, part of the experimental research is summarized, along with the process and technical means of each experiment as well as the relationship between the experimental results and the theoretical research. It is hoped that this work could help to have a preliminary understanding of the research process and research methods of bubble flow, and provide some perspectives for incorporating bubble flow hydrodynamic theory into industrial applications and real life.
Recent Advances of Lattice Boltzmann Method in Microfluidic numerical Simulation
Authors: Xu Zeyu , Zhao Zilong , Xiao Yi
Published: September 2021

The technology of microfluidics is widely adopted in various fields such as biomedicine, microanalysis, and microelectronics. For example, pharmaceutical scientists often use microfluidics as a tool for drug delivery or cell separation. The LBM (Lattice Boltzmann method) is a commonly used numerical simulation in microfluidic researches. LBM is used extensively for simulations containing complicated boundary conditions and multiphase interfaces as it needs relatively low computing power compared to other numerical simulation methods in complex situations. The brilliant capability in parallelism also allows it to have a high multitasking performance, increasing overall efficiency. In this paper, we reviewed several typical applications of LBM in the following three fields: (1) particle regulation; (2) flow control; (3) drug delivery. We concluded defects in current studies and proposed potential improvements to be investigated in the future.
Euler and Small Disturbance Equation-based Simulation of a Nozzle Flow
Authors: Huang Kuihao
Published: September 2021

The de Laval nozzle has been widely studied and used in many industries ranging from the aerospace to the dairy industry. This study investigated two numerical methods used to simulate nozzle flow, namely one-dimensional Euler equations and the small disturbance equations (SDE) based simulation. The simulation results reveal that the SDE method accurately captured the shock bubbles in the nozzle flow. However, the one-dimensional Euler method is not sufficient to handle two-dimensional nozzle flow simulation because at any particular nozzle location, a mix of subsonic and supersonic flow can occur. This research allows an informed choice between Euler and SDE method.
Research progress in numerical simulation of Laval nozzle
Authors: Huang Congchi , Wang Tianyue , Zhang Zongyu
Published: September 2021

The Laval nozzle is a very widely used device that has made great contributions due to its invention in aerospace, mechanical engineering, applied chemistry etc. The development of many modern technologies relies on the establishment of nozzles. In this paper, the current research advances on the numerical simulation methods of the nozzle flow and nozzle-related investigation or applications in different fields are reviewed. For example, the analytical and numerical simulation of nozzles in subsonic and supersonic modes are mentioned in this article. In summary, although the applications for various fields of nozzles are now very mature, the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for nozzles is still a future direction where science and mathematics need to be strongly developed.
Evaluating the solution accuracy of the heat equation by a posteriori error estimation
Authors: Han Feng , Yan Hui , Fu Meiyan , Lei Yu , Yan Kai
Published: September 2021

A produce based on a guaranteed posterior error estimates is proposed to estimate the accuracy of solution of the time-dependent heat equation. The time-dependent heat equation is discretized by the backward Euler scheme in time and conforming finite elements in space. The error between the exact solution and the numeric solution in space is bounded by a guaranteed posterior error estimates which is calculated at every time step. Numerical results demonstrate that the produce can be used to evaluate the accuracy of numerical solutions.
A short proof of two identities using techniques of complex numbers
Authors: Qingjing Ji
Published: September 2021

The sweeping development of mathematics is largely due to the introduction of complex numbers. Although complex numbers are just absurd notations for most people, complex numbers play essential roles in engineering fields. When mathematicians began to take an investigation of complex numbers, human beings enter a marvelous world. Complex numbers convince scientists that our world is magical, full of wonderful insights and even miraculous. In this paper, I first review several basic properties of complex numbers. The set of complex numbers is a group not only under the operation of the multiplication but under the operation of addition. Then, I show a visualisation of complex numbers through building a bijective connection between complex numbers and points on the complex plane. I also give several alternative expression forms of complex numbers, namely the trigonometric form and the general form. By invoking the arithmetic properties of complex numbers, I prove two trigonometric identities.
Numerical Simulation for Hypersonic Flow with High Temperature Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Effect
Authors: Pan Sha , Cao Guo , Guo Hongshuo , Long Dibing
Published: September 2021

Numerical simulations were conducted for calorically perfect gas and high temperature thermochemical nonequilibrium gas by CFD methods. Hypersonic Flow with High Temperature Thermochemical Nonequilibrium Effect was studied. The results showed that high temperature effects change the flow field and reduce heat transfer observably. For high temperature flow the kinetic energy associated with hypervelocity flight is converted into increasing the temperature of the air and endothermic reactions including dissociation and ionization of the air past shock. Thus, temperature in the shock layer dramatically decreases. All these works build foundations for further hypersonic aerodynamical computations and engineering applications.
Analysis of Water Quality of Guangzhou Waterworks Based on Grey Correlation Method
Authors: Chen Cang , Zhao Zhiqin , He Suizhi
Published: September 2021

The quality of urban drinking water has a great influence on the life and work of the residents. Only when the water quality reaches the National Standard, the safety of the residents and the development of society and economy can be guaranteed. In order to study the water quality of tap water in Guangzhou, 42 indicators from 8 water plants in Guangzhou were selected as sample data, and the grey correlation method was used to analyze and evaluate the indicators. The results showed that the water quality of each waterworks met the national sanitary standard for drinking water, among which the water quality of D, G and H waterworks was better than that of E and F waterworks. Based on the comparative analysis of the test indexes, some suggestions for improving the water quality of the factory are put forward. The grey correlation method can be used to evaluate the water quality of waterworks, which can not only make full use of the original data, but also be easy to calculate and the evaluation result is objective, it’s very practical.
Stellar-mass Black Hole Spin Measurements and its Implementation
Authors: Ji Ziming
Published: September 2021

The spin of the black hole is one of the deterministic qualities for itself, providing us with the knowledge of its birth and evolution. In this review, I described two kinds of the spin measurements, respectively based upon electromagnetic waves and gravitational waves, and discuss the meaning for the black hole spin evolution indicated by the spin results measured by these methods. We find that for X-ray binaries, the spin results are much bigger than those results for natal spin, and for binary black holes the spin result are much smaller than those in X-ray binaries, which may be resulted from their different evolutions. For binary black holes detected through gravitational waves, formation channels of the binary systems are essential for interpreting spin results in these binary systems.
Contribution of supernova remnants to the cosmic-ray electron AMS-02 data
Authors: Liu Jingbo
Published: September 2021

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) experiment on board of the International Space Station is revolutionizing our understanding of cosmic rays. AMS-02 Collaboration has released the most precise data for several cosmic-ray species ever. Electrons are among the rarest cosmic particles and have been measured between 0.5 and 1000 GeV by AMS-02 with very high precision. This paper explores the possibility that the origin of cosmic-ray electrons is associated with the acceleration of particles from supernova remnants. In this paper we calculate the flux of cosmic electrons from two nearby and radio bright sources in our Galaxies: Vela and Cygnus supernova remnants. We concluded that they contribute at the few percent level at 1 TeV. Finally, we calculate the flux of other bright sources taken from radio catalog of supernova remnants, finding that their cumulative contribution is about 10% at 1 TeV. Further exploration of the AMS-02 data could lead to the conclusion that supernova remnants are among the important accelerators of cosmic-ray electrons in the galaxy.
Distribution probability of galaxies in Local Group
Authors: Yan Shaomin , Wu Guang
Published: September 2021

The evolution of galaxies is a very important topic for understanding of the evolution of Universe, and this evolution results in that galaxies are not evenly distributed in space. The probability of distribution of galaxies in space can be computed according to probabilistic models. Although the evolution of galaxies has been studied from various angles, the probability of distribution of galaxies in space has yet to be studied with respect to their positions over time. Of galaxies, the positions of galaxies in Local Group have been studied more thoroughly. In this study, we computed the distribution probabilities of galaxies in Local Group, i.e. the distribution probabilities of galaxies at present and previous positions, and the probability for an even distribution of galaxies in space. The results show that galaxies in Local Group have an extremely small chance to distribute evenly, and the distribution probability of galaxies in Local Group increases from the past to the present. The implication is that the accelerating expansion of the universe is increasing the distribution probability of galaxies, i.e. the accelerating expansion of the universe is a probabilistically probable event.
Advancements in Applications of Quantum Entanglement
Authors: Yu Yue
Published: September 2021

Quantum entanglement, an unknown “spooky action” that confused scientists like Einstein, has become one of the research hotspots in quantum mechanics. Based on the technique, applications distributed among diverse fields have appeared, e.g., cryptography, computer science, distant communication, etc, which has attracted interest from researchers in varied fields. This article reviews the basics of manifestations of quantum entanglement, namely quantum key distribution, quantum computation, and quantum teleportation. An overview of milestones is presented, e.g., Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol, entanglement-based quantum computers, Shor’s and Grover’s algorithm as well as the process of transporting quantum states at an unprecedented speed. Moreover, the implementations of quantum entanglement are demonstrated, evolving these technologies to higher levels. Finally, a brief conclusion and expectations for future developments on entanglement are given.
Expected sensitivity to test of standard solar models with future solar CNO neutrino flux measurement
Authors: Zhou Tianhong
Published: September 2021

Standard solar models built from spectroscopy and from the helioseismology predicted inconsistent solar metallicity. Solar neutrino fluxes can be used to test two models. Hypothesis test was performed using 7Be, 8B CNO neutrino fluxes. Current experimental results already disfavored the low metallicity standard solar model at a significance of 2.1 σ. Considering new experiments that can improve the precision of the measured CNO neutrino flux are being planned, it is important to study their potentiality to discriminating two standard solar models. We evaluated the expected significance to reject the low metallicity solar model where the assumed central value and uncertainty of the measured CNO neutrino flux vary within the range of 3.5 × 108 -- 8 × 108 s−1cm−2 and 1%--20%, respectively. It was found that the potentiality of future experiments to reject the low metallicity standard solar model strongly depends on the central value of the CNO neutrino flux measurement. When the central value is the same as the value measured by Borexino in 2020, the required precision to reach 3 σ and 5 σ are 20% and 8%, respectively, which are both achievable.
The principals, detection schemes and experimental progress for three types of dark matter: supersymmetry, axions and neutrinos
Authors: Peng Zhenyu , Wang Kaiwen , Jia Zichen
Published: September 2021

The theory of dark matter (DM) has been perfected developments throughout the past ten decades. Although DM are still not being detected nowadays, plenty of models were proposed in detail. This paper focus on supersymmetry, axions, and neutrinos, which are three typical models of DM. Specifically, the basic descriptions of these kinds of DM are introduced, including definition, principals, detections, etc. Besides, the importance and latest studies/proposals are discussed. These results will offer a guideline for further research in DM.
Relation between the Density of States in Different Cases and the Corresponding Examples
Authors: Xu Yubo
Published: September 2021

The study of particle system is inevitable to study its statistical law, and understanding the distribution of particles is fundamental and important. In this paper, the author points out the relation between the number of states of free particles in the relativistic and non-relativistic cases, and gives formulae for each case. Furthermore, the author enumerates some popular and basic particle systems, as well as classifies them in terms of relativistic and non-relativistic cases, also their basic formulae are deduced and enumerated in this paper. These particle systems are applicable to different formulae for the density of states for relativistic or non-relativistic cases. It is concluded that the different densities of states in different cases are related to each other through the de Broglie relation and the energy formula.
Development of a Python Program Simulating Motions of Celestial Bodies
Authors: Yan Jin
Published: September 2021

While the research of the celestial body is essential to understand the universe, it requires considerable costs in time and equipment. However, the computation methods can be used to analyze the astrophysics process in a simple approach. In this paper, a model of computing the motion of solar system based on Euler’s method is established. The model divided the process into infinite small time steps, and iteration is used to represent integration and update the position of planets over the process. The NumPy and matplotlib are used to visualize the motion. By the analysis of momentum and energy through the process and the application in the 2-body situation, the model is proved to be valid and accurate.
Primordial black holes’ relevancy with dark matter
Authors: Liu Qiyuan , Li Kuntong , Xu Sixing
Published: September 2021

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are probable candidates of dark matter (DM). In this review, we gathered data, evidence, and opinions from previous literatures to support the theory that PBHs are a form of DM. Besides, the formation of PBHs is introduced as well to give a more comprehensive description of PBHs. According to the results, the PBHs could assemble DM, or be DM itself, or generates DM, or influence DM. On the other hand, DM could have the similar influence on PBHs. Different relationships are discussed between PBHs and DM, including entropy, microlensing, distribution, growth rate, mass, and different detections (e.g., gammy ray). These results offer a guideline for future studies of PBHs.
Microfluidic System for Cell Sorting
Authors: Xue Xinyue , Ye Hongjun , Hu Zuocheng
Published: September 2021

The need for efficient cell sorting, which is a useful technique in medical and biological research, has boosted the development of microfluidic cell sorter. This review paper concludes the basic principle of microfluidic sorter which covers active and passive sorting techniques. The work process, sorting efficiency, advantages, disadvantages, and avenue for improvement are explored for each type by introducing several typical sorters. The industrial implementation and potential development are also conveyed. In conclusion, developing efficient microfluidic cell sorter offers a greater control over cell distribution and is fundamental in realizing efficacious cell sorting systems.
Detecting Bypassing Micro Black Holes
Authors: Ding Haifeng , Hao Zichun
Published: September 2021

Contemporarily, convincing evidence is lacking for the existence of micro black holes due to their small masses. In this paper, a specific situation is discussed in which a Schwarzschild micro black hole, with a mass of up to 1013 kg and hence the lifetime longer than the universe’s age flies towards the Earth with the typical speed of an asteroid,

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(10 km/s). The analysis of the two-body problem shows that Earth’s surface will be tidally affected only if the initial configuration space, namely space of the impact parameter and initial velocity, satisfies a very strict relationship. Even if the micro black hole directly goes through the Earth core, its small mass restricts its accretion rate so much that its accreted mass is negligible. We also consider the possibility of detecting the black hole optically by its optical distortion. Analysis of the size of its Einstein ring indicates that one would need accurate instruments to detect such an effect. Finally, we analyze the emission spectrum of the micro black hole by assuming the validity of the Hawking radiation and conclude that its unique energy spectrum might be detected and used as evidence of a bypassing micro black hole.
Finite Square Well and Quantum State Discrimination
Authors: You Songtai
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the finite square well and its application are investigated, namely the quantum state discrimination. The finite square well is treated in all standard textbooks on introductory quantum mechanics. It is used as a simple ‘model of departure’ in many areas of physics. In atomic and molecular physics, it may be used as a model of an electron moving in the mean field of a linear molecule It also arises as the partial wave radial equation for a spherically symmetric, finite square-well potential. The Schrodinger equation for finite square well is solved. The domain is divided into three regions by the existing potential V
0, so for convenience, those three regions are named Region I, Region II, and Region III, respectively. Specifically, the potential of Region I and III are V
0, and that of Region II is 0. Also, a constant is needed to make this wave function normalized. Then since it is a wave function, it is necessary to make sure the function is continuous and differentiable everywhere within the domain. Besides, the wave function needs to be either odd or even just like infinite square well. After that, the wave functions for the three intervals can be obtained, and the exact quantum state is distinguished from a group of different quantum states. In the end, two wave functions are obtained; one for even form and one for odd form. Then all the energy level of the corresponding function with different wavelength needs to be found and listed. Local discrimination of orthogonal quantum states has attracted much attention during the last twenty years. The results are applied to the quantum-information task of state discrimination, by using the obtained six states in finite square well. It is assumed that all the quantum states are locally distinguishable, and the six states are distinguished using the hypothesis of quantum measurements.
The Progress of Three Astrophysics Simulation Methods: Monte-Carlo, PIC and MHD
Authors: Guo Jiawei
Published: September 2021

Contemporarily, the dramatic progress that proceeded in astrophysical simulation stems from the computational upgrade. Simultaneously, the relative algorithms are from naive to mature. Some imaginary algorithms spring up like bamboo. The typical methods are Monte-Carlo, Particle-in-Cell, and Magnetohydrodynamic considering the relativistic effect. This paper reviews the typical progress of the above three methods as well as their hybrid method in astrophysics. These results offer a guideline for further research in astrophysics simulation.
Lateral bending and buckling aids biological and robotic earthworm anchoring and locomotion
Authors: Ozkan-Aydin Yasemin , Liu Bangyuan , Ferrero Alexandra Carruthers , Seidel Max , Hammond Frank L , Goldman Daniel I
Published: September 2021

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are characterized by soft, highly flexible and extensible bodies, and are capable of locomoting in most terrestrial environments. Previous studies of earthworm movement focused on the use of retrograde peristaltic gaits in which controlled contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles results in waves of shortening/thickening and thinning/lengthening of the hydrostatic skeleton. These waves can propel the animal across ground as well as into soil. However, worms benefit from axial body bends during locomotion. Such lateral bending and buckling dynamics can aid locomotor function via hooking/anchoring (to provide propulsion), modify travel orientation (to avoid obstacles and generate turns) and even generate snake-like undulatory locomotion in environments where peristaltic locomotion results in poor performance. To the best of our knowledge, lateral bending and buckling of an earthworm’s body has not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, we observed that within confined environments, worms use lateral bending and buckling to anchor their body to the walls of their burrows and tip (anterior end) bending to search the environment. This locomotion strategy improved the performance of our soft-bodied robophysical model of the earthworm both in a confined (in an acrylic tube) and above-ground heterogeneous environment (rigid pegs), where present peristaltic robots are relatively limited in terradynamic capabilities. In summary, lateral bending and buckling facilitates the mobility of earthworm locomotion in diverse terrain and can play an important role in the creation of low cost soft robotic devices capable of traversing a variety of environments.
Study on the Air Pollution Control Policy Coordination Status in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Li Mengyihui , Liu Yan
Published: September 2021

Air pollution is a severe problem that the government and society have paid wide attention to in recent years. Its spatial spillover effect and liquidity raises the necessity of collaborative governance among different administrative subjects. This paper selects 153 policy texts related to coordinated air pollution control released by Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020, and uses UCINET to analyze the centrality, density, and reciprocity of cooperation between cities and government departments. The results show that cities with high administrative levels and developed economies play a leading role in cooperation. Compared with administrative divisions, geographical proximity has a greater impact on the closeness of city cooperation. In terms of coordinated governance between departments, most departments have participated in the cooperation. This research shows the current status of the coordinated control of air pollution in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, which will help optimize such policies in the future.
Reflection on Collaborative Air Pollution Control in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Ye Qinglin , Suo Liming , Liu Yan
Published: September 2021

Urban agglomerations in developing regions are often prone to synergistic dilemmas due to differences in motivation and execution. This paper takes Cheng-Chongqing urban agglomeration in western China as a typical case, and collects 303 policy texts from the government’s official website from 2009 to 2020. The policy text analysis method is used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of policies, policy subjects, policy objectives and policy tools, and to analyze the differences and synergy in air pollution control in depth. The results show that the current coordinated air pollution control in this area is mainly influenced by the order of the superior government and the promotion of the core cities of Chengdu and Chongqing, and shows a gradual and in-depth development trend. However, due to the differences in policy objectives and tools of collaborative governance subjects, the mining of voluntary collaborative governance forces and the use of different policy tools are not deep and perfect, and the equal cooperation among various subjects is still less.
Modeling and analysis of the macronutrient signaling network in budding yeast
Authors: Jalihal Amogh P. , Kraikivski Pavel , Murali T. M. , Tyson John J.
Published: September 2021

A computational model of the underlying regulatory mechanisms is proposed to study nutrient signaling. The model’s predictions are consistent with literature-curated experimental measurements. Using this model, novel, testable predictions are made in genetic mutant strains undergoing complex nutrient shifts.
Development of a green reversibly photoswitchable variant of Eos fluorescent protein with fixation resistance
Authors: Osuga Mitsuo , Nishimura Tamako , Suetsugu Shiro
Published: September 2021

The development of frSkylan-S, a green fluorescent, fixation-resistant, photoswitchable protein, is reported. The frSkylan-S fusion proteins can be used in PALM imaging of aldehyde-fixed cells.
Distinct RNA polymerase transcripts direct the assembly of phase-separated DBC1 nuclear bodies in different cell lines
Authors: Mannen Taro , Goto Masato , Yoshizawa Takuya , Yamashita Akio , Hirose Tetsuro , Hayano Toshiya
Published: September 2021

Distinct RNA polymerase transcripts direct the assembly of phase-separated DBC1 nuclear bodies in different cell lines. We show two types of RNase-sensitive DBC1-contaning nuclear bodies (DNB and SNB) that exhibit phase-separated features and are constructed distinct RNA polymerase transcripts. Detailed domain dissection revealed that the RNA-binding domains of HNRNPL, as well as the intrinsically disordered proline-rich domain, can play significant roles in DNB formation and in vitro droplet formation.
Evidence for a nuclear role for Drosophila Dlg as a regulator of the NURF complex
Authors: Sharp Katherine A. , Khoury Mark J. , Wirtz-Peitz Frederick , Bilder David
Published: September 2021

Proximity proteomics is used as an entry point toward identifying partners of the polarity-regulating tumor suppressor Discs-large. A nuclear pool of the protein associated with nucleosome remodeling factor chromatin remodelers is revealed, along with evidence of functional interactions during growth regulation.
Discovery of bactericides as an acute mitochondrial membrane damage inducer
Authors: Houston Ryan , Sekine Yusuke , Larsen Mads B , Murakami Kei , Mullett Steven J. , Wendell Stacy G. , Narendra Derek P. , Chen Bill B. , Sekine Shiori
Published: September 2021

Discovery of alexidine and chlorhexidine as small molecules to acutely and preferentially perturb the mitochondrial membrane architecture in the inner mitochondrial membrane, providing a unique chemical-biological tool for delineating mitochondrial membrane stress responses.
Slk19 enhances cross-linking of microtubules by Ase1 and Stu1
Authors: Norell Sarina , Ortiz Jennifer , Lechner Johannes
Published: September 2021

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Slk19 has varying functions at kinetochores and for the anaphase spindle. Here we reveal its important role for the metaphase spindle. Slk19 amplifies the amounts of Ase1 and Stu1 above their basic levels at the overlap zone of interpolar microtubules, thereby Slk19 increases microtubule cross-linking and rescue activity.
The Paradox of Bazinian Adaptation: Translation and Fidelity in Saramago’s The Double and Villeneuve’s Enemy
Authors: Donohue Micah K
Published: September 2021

Discussing Enemy (2013), his adaptation of Portuguese novelist José Saramago’s The Double (2002), French-Canadian filmmaker Denis Villeneuve remarks: ‘the best way to respect an author is to be very honest about the way you adapted [their work] and to totally destroy the original and make it your own’. Villeneuve’s recreative (translational) use of ‘respect’ reverberates intertextually with André Bazin’s description of respect-based fidelity. For Bazin, utterly faithful yet completely original adaptations could be achieved through ‘a ceaselessly creative respect’ in which faithfulness and unfaithfulness paradoxically converge in translational acts of recreation. I term this paradoxical doubling the paradox of adaptation in Bazin. In part 1 of this article, I explore how Bazin illustrates that paradox in his essays about adaptation with examples of translation, and particularly with examples of Baudelaire’s and Mallarmé’s translations of Edgar Allan Poe (an emblem of intertextual rewriting in French literature). Bazin’s references to translation provide an aperture into a wider understanding of adaptation’s intertextual and heteroglossic nature. Bazinian adaptations are faithful reconstructions and unfaithful transformations. As I discus in part 2 of this essay, Villeneuve capitalizes on this paradox in his recreative translation of The Double. The film reflects and ‘destroys’ (as Villeneuve would say) Saramago’s novel in order to recreate it. Through its re-theorization of Bazin’s fidelity as a translational prism of recreation, this essay contributes to the ‘resurgence of (pro)fidelity criticism’ (Hermansson) as well as to ongoing calls (Krebs, Venuti) for greater attention to the hermeneutic synergy between translation and adaptation studies.
Arthropods and Fire Within the Biologically Diverse Longleaf Pine Ecosystem
Authors: Sheehan Thomas N , Klepzig Kier D
Published: September 2021

The longleaf pine Pinus palustris Miller (Pinales: Pinaceae) ecosystem once covered as many as 37 million hectares across the southeastern United States. Through fire suppression, development, and conversion to other plantation pines, this coverage has dwindled to fewer than 2 million hectares. A recent focus on the restoration of this ecosystem has revealed its complex and biologically diverse nature. Arthropods of the longleaf pine ecosystem are incredibly numerous and diverse—functionally and taxonomically. To provide clarity on what is known about the species and their functional roles in longleaf pine forests, we thoroughly searched the literature and found nearly 500 references. In the end, we tabulated 51 orders 477 families, 1,949 genera, and 3,032 arthropod species as having been stated in the scientific literature to occur in longleaf pine ecosystems. The body of research we drew from is rich and varied but far from comprehensive. Most work deals with land management objective associated taxa such as pests of pine, pests of—and food for—wildlife (red-cockaded woodpecker, northern bobwhite quail, gopher tortoise, pocket gopher, etc.), and pollinators of the diverse plant understory associated with longleaf pine. We explored the complex role frequent fire (critical in longleaf pine management) plays in determining the arthropod community in longleaf pine, including its importance to rare and threatened species. We examined known patterns of abundance and occurrence of key functional groups of longleaf pine-associated arthropods. Finally, we identified some critical gaps in knowledge and provide suggestions for future research into this incredibly diverse ecosystem.
Towards a Pragmatist Aesthetics
Authors: Lavik Erlend
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I make the case that the tradition of pragmatism may usefully inform aesthetic criticism. To that end, I contrast the anti-essentialist outlook and the ethico-political concerns of neo-pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty with the epistemological underpinnings of analytic aesthetics. The aim is to outline an alternative meta-theoretical perspective that ‘overwrites’ long-standing concerns with exactitude and objectivity. Drawing on examples from my own area of expertise, film, and television studies, I seek to explicitly set up aesthetic criticism, especially evaluation, as a means of social progress and human flourishing within the framework of liberal democracy.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Rothfeld Becca
Published: September 2021

In recent years, a number of philosophers have suggested that the aesthetic value sometimes depends on moral value. In this paper, I motivate and defend the inverse position: the view that aesthetic value sometimes partially grounds moral value. I appeal to Grand Budapest Hotel and The Lovely Bones to show that maudlin treatments of morally serious subject matter are sometimes disrespectful, in part because they are maudlin; I appeal to Madame Bovary to show that lyrical treatments of morally serious subject matter are compassionate, in part because they are lyrical. I go on to clarify that aesthetic value and descriptive facts about the subject matter of an artwork jointly ground its moral value, and I conclude by considering and rejecting a number of potential objections to the aestheticist thesis.
Adverse effects of subcutaneous vs intravenous hydration in older adults: An assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Danielsen Mathias Brix , Worthington Elisa , Karmisholt Jesper Scott , Møller Jørn Munkhof , Jørgensen Martin Gronbech , Andersen Stig
Published: September 2021

Background

Hydration therapy is essential in the care of the older patient. Subcutaneous (SC) hydration is a relevant method for parenteral hydration, but clinical trials on the subject have methodological shortcomings compared to updated standards.

Design

Assessor-blinded, non-inferiority RCT to explore if SC is a safe alternative to intravenous (IV) hydration.

Participants

Eligible patients were: Admitted patients 65 years or older with a need for parenteral hydration. The targeted sample size was 67 patients in each group.

Intervention

Patients were randomised to parenteral hydration via an IV or SC catheter during a 24 hours observation period. The non-randomised catheter (inactive) was placed as a sham on the patient, thereby blinding the caregivers and outcome assessors.

Measurement

Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients reporting at least one adverse effect with a non-inferiority calculation using a 20% margin.

Results

We included 51 patients, with 24 randomised to SC and 27 to IV. We were unable to reach our target sample size due to challenges in recruitment, time limitation, and COVID-19. For the outcome of adverse effects, SC was non-inferior to IV (p = 0.012). Time spent on inserting the catheters was shorter with SC (p = 0.001). The groups did not differ by pain of insertion, discomfort during infusion, or the risk of developing delirium.

Conclusion

SC is a safe alternative to IV hydration, is faster to place and should be an available method for parenteral hydration wherever older adults are cared for.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03710408
Traumatic brain injuries among veterans and the risk of incident dementia: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Leung Karen K , Carr Frances M , Russell Matthew J , Bremault-Phillips Suzette , Triscott Jean A C
Published: September 2021

Background

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among military veterans are increasingly recognized as important causes of both short and long-term neuropsychological dysfunction. However, the association between TBI and the development of dementia is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to quantify the risks of all-cause dementia including Alzheimer’s diseases and related dementias (ADRD), and to explore whether the relationships are influenced by the severity and recurrence of head injuries.

Methods

Database searches of Medline, Embase, Ovid Healthstar, PubMed and PROSPERO were undertaken from inception to December 2020 and supplemented with grey literature searches without language restrictions. Observational cohort studies examining TBI and incident dementia among veterans were analysed using Dersimonian-Laird random-effects models.

Results

Thirteen cohort studies totalling over 7.1 million observations with veterans were included. TBI was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.45), vascular dementia (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.46–2.80), but not Alzheimer’s disease (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.88–1.91). Severe and penetrating injuries were associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.47–4.55) than moderate injuries (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.44–5.52) and mild injuries (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30–2.80). However, the dose–response relationship was attenuated when additional studies with sufficient data to classify trauma severity were included.

Conclusion

TBI is a significant risk factor for incident all-cause dementia and vascular dementia. These results need to be interpreted cautiously in the presence of significant heterogeneity.
The Search for the Kayendo: Recovering the Lowcountry Rice Toolkit
Authors: Grego Caroline
Published: September 2021

On a wintery day in 1916, African American workers on the Mulberry Plantation outside Charleston, South Carolina, used a peculiar, hand-carved wooden shovel with a paddle-like blade to clear ditches around rice fields. This article explores the origins and proliferation of that shovel, from the fulcrum shovel of West African rice farmers, to the long-handled scoops that enslaved rice workers used in the Lowcountry in the 1840s and 1850s, to the artifacts kept in museums in South Carolina today. While many questions about the evolution of the wooden shovel remain to be answered, this exploratory essay uses a wide array of sources to examine the transmission of a vital piece of material culture from the subsistence farms of West Africa to the massive rice labor camps of the South Carolina Lowcountry. As the article demonstrates in this journey through the archives, the historiography, museums, and even the old rice fields of Mulberry, the shovel fills a gap: from ditching to sowing, harvesting, and processing, historians now have evidence of West African origins of every stage of rice’s life cycle in the Lowcountry.
The Ecology of Exchange: The Monetization of Roman Egypt
Authors: Elliott Colin P.
Published: September 2021

The Egyptian experience of monetization—especially during the Roman period—subverts colonializing historiographies in which the adoption of (Western) coinage autonomously subdued passive and ‘primitive’ reciprocity and redistribution-based economies at the periphery. Many scholars now argue that cultural, religious and economic contexts directed exchange practices in Roman Egypt. This article argues that these embedding elements were themselves cultivated in a meta-context of place—namely, the fluvial geography and ecology of the Nile Valley, Delta and Fayyum Oasis. The rhythmic inundations of the Nile and Egypt’s related agricultural cycle shaped the meanings inhabitants attached to instruments of exchange, including the invading coins of Greek and Roman polities. Coinage thoroughly permeated Egyptian institutions, and yet ecologically-determined rituals, customs and traditions preserved aspects of indigenous exchange culture. Ecological forces nurtured and strengthened the cultural, economic and political forces that constrained Roman monetary imperialism. The monetization of Roman Egypt is, therefore, a critical historical case-study of broader geographic, temporal and thematic interest—one which enables scholars to better understand how ecology intersects with cultural, economic and political embeddedness.
Comparison of Cervical Cancer Screen Results on Female-to-Male Transgender Patients With Female Patients
Authors: Davis Katelynn , Kwon Regina , Graham Ashleigh , White Marissa , Maleki Zahra , Rodriguez Erika
Published: September 2021

Objectives

There are limited data on cervical screen results from female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients. Herein, we compiled demographic information and cervical screen testing on FTM transgender patients and compared with age-appropriate controls.

Methods

A search of our previous and current databases was performed for Papanicolaou (Pap) tests from patients taking testosterone and/or with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, or transvestism. Patient data were reviewed. Relative risks of abnormal Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were calculated against age-matched controls.

Results

Eighty-nine Pap tests from FTM transgender individuals were identified, with a mean age of 31.3 years (range, 21-60 years). The Pap test diagnoses were distributed as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion (n = 84, 94.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (n = 0), low-grade intraepithelial lesion (n = 4, 4.5%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n = 1, 1.1%). Fifty (56.2%) patients had concurrent high-risk HPV testing with four (8%) positive results. Relative risk was 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.59; P = .32) for an abnormal Pap test and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.19-1.52; P = .24) for HPV compared with 267 age-matched controls. Of note, 13.5% of patients older than 21 years had documentation of never having a prior Pap test in our medical record.

Conclusions

In our study, FTM transgender individuals were not at a higher or lower risk of HPV infection or abnormal Pap test result compared with women. However, larger studies are needed to support our findings.
Clinicopathologic and Proteomic Analysis of Amyloidomas Involving the Ocular Surface and Adnexa
Authors: Jamshidi Pouya , Levi Jonathan , Suarez Maria Jose , Rivera Roxana , Mahoney Nicholas , Eberhart Charles G , Rosenberg Avi , Rodriguez Fausto J
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Ocular amyloidoma is a rare disorder characterized by deposition of insoluble proteinaceous fibrils in the extracellular space of the ocular adnexa. This study details the clinicopathologic features and proteomic characteristics of periocular amyloid deposition.

Methods

Specimens (1991-2020) were retrieved and reviewed. All available H&E slides and special stains were reviewed. Proteomic analysis was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IgG, IgG4, IgA, IgD, IgM, CD20, CD3, CD138, and κ/λ, as well as chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

Results

There were 14 patients (7 men, 7 women). The depositions involved eyelid (n = 3), conjunctiva (n = 8), and orbit (n = 3). All patients were adults with a median age at diagnosis of 56 (range, 39-88) years. The deposits were predominantly λ light chain restricted (n = 6) and mixed light chains (n = 2), and one case was κ predominant. Two of the cases with a mixture of κ and λ light chains had an excess of transthyretin by mass spectrometry. Four of the cases did not have adequate material for proteomic subtyping.

Conclusions

Amyloidomas involving ocular adnexa contain a variety of amyloid-related and immunoglobulin-associated peptides. The λ light chain predominates as in other body sites, but mixed patterns and rarely κ light chain restriction may be encountered.