bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Three Flavonoids from Dendrobium huoshanense Flowers on Alcohol‐Induced Hepatocyte Injury via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF‐κB Pathways
Authors: Li Qiang‐Ming , Yang Xiu‐Rong , Zha Xue‐Qiang , Pan Li‐Hua , Zang Dan‐Dan , Zhang Feng‐Yun , Luo Jian‐Ping
Published: July 2022

Dendrobium huoshanense flowers have been widely used for liver protection in China. This work was aimed to discover the natural products with activity of mitigating alcoholic hepatocyte injury from Dendrobium huoshanense flowers via bioactivity‐guided isolation, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these natural products. As a result, three flavonoids, 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1), 3′‐O‐methylquercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2) and quercetin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), were firstly isolated from D. huoshanense flowers. Results exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could enhance the cell viability, decrease the expression of ALT and AST, inhibit the cell apoptosis, alleviate the oxidative stress, and mitigate the inflammatory response of alcohol‐induced L02 cells. Mechanism study exhibited that flavonoids 1–3 could increase the expression of Nrf2 as well as its downstream antioxidation genes of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while ML‐385 (Nrf2 inhibitor) could abolish the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury. Flavonoids 1–3 could also reduce the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and NF‐κB p65 of alcohol‐induced L02 cells, while SC75741 (NF‐κB inhibitor) could not enhance the inhibitory effects of 1–3 on alcohol‐induced L02 cells injury. The data above indicated that flavonoids 1–3 could inhibit alcohol‐induced hepatocyte injury, which might be attributed to alleviating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF‐κB pathways.
Investigating Peptide‐Coenzyme A Conjugates as Chemical Probes for Proteomic Profiling of N‐Terminal and Lysine Acetyltransferases
Authors: Sindlinger Julia , Schön Stefan , Eirich Jürgen , Kirchgäßner Sören , Finkemeier Iris , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: July 2022

Acetyl groups are transferred from acetyl‐coenzyme A (Ac‐CoA) to protein N‐termini and lysine side chains by N‐terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) and lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), respectively. Building on lysine‐CoA conjugates as KAT probes, we have synthesized peptide probes with CoA conjugated to N‐terminal alanine (α‐Ala‐CoA), proline (α‐Pro‐CoA) or tri‐glutamic acid (α‐3Glu‐CoA) units for interactome profiling of NAT complexes. The α‐Ala‐CoA probe enriched the majority of NAT catalytic and auxiliary subunits, while a lysine CoA‐conjugate bound only a subset of endogenous KATs. Interactome profiling with the α‐Pro‐CoA probe showed reduced NAT recruitment in favor of metabolic CoA binding proteins and α‐3Glu‐CoA steered the interactome towards NAA80 and NatB. These findings agreed with the inherent substrate specificities of the target proteins and showed that N‐terminal CoA‐conjugated peptides are versatile probes for NAT complex profiling in lysates of physiological and pathological backgrounds.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in high‐risk patients turned down for surgical revascularization
Authors: Farag Mohamed , Al‐Atta Ayman , Abdalazeem Ibrahem , Salim Tarik , Alkhalil Mohammad , Egred Mohaned
Published: July 2022

Aims

There are limited data on outcomes of PCI in surgical turndown patientsespecially in those presenting with ACS.

Methods and Results

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients who were turned down for CABG and had PCI between 2013 and 2020. All consecutive patients (449), ACS (n = 245) and no‐ACS (n = 204) were included. In‐hospital complications occurred in 28 patients (6.2%). At 30 days, 27 patients (6.0%) died (18 patients in the ACS group [7.3%] vs. 9 patients in the no‐ACS group [4.4%], p = 0.23). Following multivariate analysis, no significant difference in long‐term mortality was observed between the two groups (median follow‐up of 4 [2–6] years, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.58, p = 0.667). In propensity score‐matched analysis, the adjusted mortality risk was also not different between the groups (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.25–1.26, p = 0.374). Independent predictors of mortality included chronic kidney disease stage ≥ 3 (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13–2.39, p = 0.009), high European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, p = 0.035), and laser atherectomy use (HR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.32–8.54, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

PCI in surgical patients turndown patients appears safe. ACSpresentation was associated with more comorbid illnesses; however, afteradjustment, ACS did not independently confer additional risk of mortality.
Application of principal component analysis‐multivariate adaptive regression splines for the determination of surface area in zeolites
Authors: Khanmohammadi Khorrami Mohammadreza , Sadrara Mina
Published: July 2022

In this study, the principal component analysis‐multivariate adaptive regression splines (PCA‐MARS) technique was applied to efficiently predict the surface area in zeolites. Before building the MARS model, the data matrix obtained from infrared spectroscopy was subjected to robust principal component analysis (rPCA) and six principal component (PC) scores with the explained validation variance 97.983% were used as inputs to the MARS algorithm. The training set (72 × 6) was used to develop the rPCA‐MARS model, and the efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), R2 estimated by generalized cross‐validation (R2GCV), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and mean absolute error (MAE). R2, RMSEC, RMSEP, MAE, and R2GCV in the piecewise‐linear rPCA‐MARS model were 0.9976, 1.4166, 1.8370, 1.0120, and 0.9955, respectively. We proposed also to use varimax (Var) rotated of the significant principal components as input to the MARS algorithm (R2 = 0.9964, RMSEC = 1.4214, RMSEP = 1.9031, MAE = 1.0511, and R2GCV = 0.9951). Upon viewing the PCA‐Var‐MARS results, we concluded that the obtained results are comparable with rPCA‐MARS results. In this study, principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and support vector machine regression (SVMR) methods were also used for the quantitative determination of the surface area of zeolites. The RMSEP for PCR, PLSR, and SVMR was 11.5636, 8.7111, and 7.2426, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the MARS model is more reliable than commonly used regression models. It can be concluded that the rPCA‐MARS method is an appropriate method for analyzing spectral data to determine the textural properties of zeolite.
Reversible Photoinduced Conversion of Unprecedented Norbornadiene‐Based Photoswitches with Redox‐Active Naphthalene Diimide Functionalities
Authors: Leng Andreas , Weiß Cornelius , Straßner Nina , Hirsch Andreas
Published: July 2022

An unprecedented compound class of functional organic hybrids consisting of a photoswitchable norbornadiene building block and a redoxactive chromophore, namely naphthalene diimide, were designed and synthesized. Within these structures the capability of rylene chromophores to function as a redox active catalyst upon their photoexcitation was utilized to initiate the oxidative back‐conversion of the in situ formed quadricyclane unit to its norbornadiene analogue. In this way successive photoexcitation at two different wavelengths enabled a controlled photoswitching between the two isomerical states of the hybrids. Beyond this prove of concept, the dependency of the reaction rate to the intramolecular distance of the two functional molecular building blocks as well as the concentration of the photoexcited sample was monitored. The experimental findings and interpretations were furthermore supported by quantum chemical investigations.
Molybdenum(VI) Bis(imido) Complexes: From Frustrated Lewis Pairs to Weakly Coordinating Cations
Authors: Milinkovic Angela , Dupé Antoine , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C.
Published: July 2022

Molybdenum(VI) bis(imido) complexes [Mo(NtBu)2(LR)2] (R=H 1 a; R=CF3 1 b) combined with B(C6F5)3 (1 a/B(C6F5)3, 1 b/B(C6F5)3) exhibit a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) character that can heterolytically split H−H, Si−H and O−H bonds. Cleavage of H2 and Et3SiH affords ion pairs [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR)2][HB(C6F5)3] (R=H 2 a; R=CF3 2 b) composed of a Mo(VI) amido imido cation and a hydridoborate anion, while reaction with H2O leads to [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR)2][(HO)B(C6F5)3] (R=H 3 a; R=CF3 3 b). Ion pairs 2 a and 2 b are catalysts for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes with triethylsilane, with 2 b being more active than 2 a. Mechanistic elucidation revealed insertion of the aldehyde into the B−H bond of [HB(C6F5)3]−. We were able to isolate and fully characterize, including by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, the inserted products Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR)2][{PhCH2O}B(C6F5)3] (R=H 4 a; R=CF3 4 b). Catalysis occurs at [HB(C6F5)3]− while [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR)2]+ (R=H or CF3) act as the cationic counterions. However, the striking difference in reactivity gives ample evidence that molybdenum cations behave as weakly coordinating cations (WCC).
Post‐Synthesis Conversion of an Unstable Imine Cage to a Stable Cage with Amide Moieties Towards Selective Receptor for Fluoride
Authors: Bhandari Pallab , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: July 2022

Synthesis of robust covalent macrocycles/cages via multiple amide‐bond forming reaction is highly challenging and generally it needs multistep reactions. One‐pot reaction of appropriate di‐/tri‐acyl chloride with a diamine generally results polymers or oligomers instead of discrete architectures. To overcome this limitation, a strategy is reported here using dynamic imine chemistry for facile construction of imine‐based macrocycle and cage upon treatment of a diamine with di‐ and tri‐aldehydes respectively, followed by post‐synthesis one‐step conversion of imine bonds to amides to form the desired robust macrocycle and cage containing multiple amide bonds. While the macrocycle was found to form aggregates in DMSO, the cage was intact without any aggregation. Six amide groups in the confined pocket of the cage made it an ideal receptor for selective binding of fluoride with very high selectivity (∼3103fold) over chloride, and it was silent towards other halides, phosphate, and other oxyanions.
Probability of malignancy as determined by ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier varies according to the subtype of atypia
Authors: Gajzer David C. , Tjendra Youley , Kerr Darcy A. , Algashaamy Khaled , Zuo Yiqin , Menendez Silvia Gra , Jorda Merce , Garcia‐Buitrago Monica , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen , Velez Torres Jaylou M.
Published: July 2022

Background

ThyroSeq assesses the probability of malignancy (POM) in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology specimens diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS). The authors investigated whether defined AUS subcategories are associated with specific molecular alterations, the molecular‐derived risk of malignancy (MDROM), and the risk of malignancy (ROM).

Methods

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology reports of AUS and corresponding results from the ThyroSeq version 3 genomic classifier results were retrieved and subcategorized as follicular cells with either cytologic atypia (FC‐C), architectural atypia (FC‐A), both cytologic and architectural atypia (FC‐CA), or a predominance of Hurthle cells (PHC). The MDROM, ROM, and frequency of molecular alterations by subcategory were computed and analyzed, and p < .05 was considered significant.

Results

The final analysis included 541 cases subdivided into 233 with FC‐A, 104 with FC‐C, 116 with FC‐CA, and 88 with PHC. The benign call rate and positive call rate for the AUS category were 72% and 28%, respectively, which varied between AUS subcategories. The MDROM by subcategory was 15.9% FC‐A, 20.5% FC‐C, 33.8% FC‐CA, and 14.4% PHC. Histologic follow‐up was available for 155 (28%) AUS cases with a follow‐up period ≥12 months. The 95% confidence intervals of the MDROMs overlapped with the ROMs. The highest MDROM and ROM were in the FC‐CA subcategory. RAS mutations were present in all subcategories. BRAF V600E mutations and papillary thyroid carcinoma were most frequent in the FC‐CA subcategory. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features was significantly more frequent in the FC‐C subcategory.

Conclusions

The current results demonstrated that AUS subcategories are associated with specific genetic alterations, the MDROM, and the ROM. Molecular results and an awareness of various cancer probabilities within AUS subcategories can allow for a more tailored management.
Impact of Inflammation on Midazolam Metabolism in Severe COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Le Carpentier Edouard Charles , Canet Emmanuel , Masson Damien , Martin Maëlle , Deslandes Guillaume , Gaultier Aurélie , Dailly Éric , Bellouard Ronan , Gregoire Matthieu
Published: July 2022

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine frequently used for sedation in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This drug is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes. Several studies have suggested that inflammation, frequently observed in these patients, could modulate CYP3A activity. The objective of this work was to study the impact of inflammation on midazolam pharmacokinetics in patients with COVID‐19. Forty‐eight patients hospitalized in the ICU for COVID‐19 and treated with midazolam administered by continuous infusion were included in this study. Midazolam and α‐hydroxymidazolam concentrations were measured and patient data, including the use of CYP3A inhibitors, were collected. Total and unbound concentrations of midazolam and α‐hydroxymidazolam were measured in plasma using a validated liquid‐chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method. Inflammatory condition was evaluated by C‐reactive protein (CRP) level measurement. Both drug concentrations and CRP measurements were performed on 354 plasma samples. CRP elevation was significantly associated with the α‐hydroxymidazolam/midazolam plasma ratio decrease, whether for the unbound fraction or for the total fraction. Conversely, inflammation was not associated with protein binding modifications. Logically, α‐hydroxymidazolam/midazolam plasma ratio was significantly reduced when patients were treated with CYP3A inhibitors. In this study, we showed that inflammation probably reduces the metabolism of midazolam by CYP3A. These results suggest that molecules with narrow therapeutic margins and metabolized by CYP3A should be administrated with care in case of massive inflammatory situations.
Higher ATM expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from centenarian compared with younger women
Authors: Hadar Adva , Voinsky Irena , Parkhomenko Olga , Puzianowska‐Kuźnicka Monika , Kuźnicki Jacek , Gozes Illana , Gurwitz David
Published: July 2022

With increased life expectancies in developed countries, cancer rates are becoming more common among the elderly. Cancer is typically driven by a combination of germline and somatic mutations accumulating during an individual's lifetime. Yet, many centenarians reach exceptionally old age without experiencing cancer. It was suggested that centenarians have more robust DNA repair and mitochondrial function, allowing improved maintenance of DNA stability. In this study, we applied real‐time quantitative PCR to examine the expression of ATM in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 15 healthy female centenarians and 24 younger female donors aged 21–88 years. We observed higher ATM mRNA expression of in LCLs from female centenarians compared with both women aged 21–48 years (FD = 2.0, p = .0016) and women aged 56–88 years (FD = 1.8, p = .0094. Positive correlation was found between ATM mRNA expression and donors age (p = .0028). Levels of hsa‐miR‐181a‐5p, which targets ATM, were lower in LCLs from centenarians compared with younger women. Our findings suggest a role for ATM in protection from age‐related diseases, possibly reflecting more effective DNA repair, thereby reducing somatic mutation accumulation during aging. Further studies are required for analyzing additional DNA repair pathways in biosamples from centenarians and younger age men and women.
A rare case of inflammatory polyp in the common bile duct with cholangitis
Authors: Nakaoka Kazunori , Hashimoto Senju , Kawabe Naoto , Kuzuya Teiji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nakano Takuji , Uchida Yuichiro , Miyachi Yohei , Funasaka Kohei , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Takahara Takeshi , Miyahara Ryoji , Shibata Tomoyuki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Suda Koichi , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: July 2022

The diagnosis of bile duct tumors can be difficult at times. A transpapillary bile duct biopsy findings with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sometimes contradict diagnostic imaging findings. In bile duct tumors, inflammatory polyps in the extrahepatic bile duct are relatively rare with extrahepatic cholangitis. The disease's clinical relevance, including its natural history and prognosis, is not always clear. We show here a rare case of an inflammatory polyp in the common bile duct. A 69‐year‐old woman with abdominal pain was diagnosed with cholangitis. The findings of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography suggested that she had extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The examination and therapy of cholangitis were performed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The cholangiography revealed a suspected tumor in the hilar bile duct with some common bile duct stones. Then, after endoscopic sphincterotomy to remove tiny common bile duct stones, further detailed examinations were performed at the same time using an oral cholangioscope revealed a papillary raised lesion with a somewhat white surface in the bile duct; a biopsy was conducted on the same spot, and epithelial cells with mild atypia appeared in the shape of a papilla. Since the malignant tumor or the intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct could not be ruled out, extrahepatic bile duct resection was conducted with the patient's informed consent. Bile duct inflammatory polyp was the histopathological diagnosis.
Neuropathy scale score as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Lian , Guo Simin , Wang Weimin , Xu Biyun , Chen Wei , Jing Yali , Jin Jiewen , Li Chenxi , Zhou Yihua , Zhu Dalong
Published: July 2022

Aims

To investigate whether peripheral neuropathy scale scores are associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 32,463 T2DM patients were enroled from 103 tertiary hospitals in 25 Chinese provinces. Based on a history of MI, participants were divided into the MI group (n = 4170) and the non‐MI group (n = 28,293). All patients were assessed using four neuropathy scales, namely, Neurological Symptom Score (NSS), Neurological Disability Score (NDS), Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS), and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), and some of the patients underwent evaluation of nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (n = 20,288). The relationship between these scores and myocardial infraction was analysed.

Results

The neuropathy scale scores in the MI group were higher than those in the non‐MI group (p < 0.001). After dividing patients into four groups based on the grading criteria, our results showed that, in addition to aggravating the degree of neuropathy signs, the incidence of MI increased (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results showed that neuropathy scale scores and NCV were both independent risk factors for MI (p < 0.001). Furthermore, among the scales used, MNSI presented a higher odds ratio and area under the curve (AUC; 0.625, p < 0.001) than the other three scales (AUCNSS = 0.575, AUCNDS = 0.606, and AUCTCSS = 0.602, p < 0.001) for MI.

Conclusions

Increased scores on these neuropathy scales (NSS, NDS, TCSS, and MNSI) and NCV were significantly associated with increased risk of MI and were considered independent risk factors.
Exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an appraisal through diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapy – A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association and European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Guazzi Marco , Wilhelm Matthias , Halle Martin , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Kemps Hareld , de Boer Rudolph A. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Lund Lars , Mancini Donna , Borlaug Barry , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pieske Burkert
Published: July 2022

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) universally complain of exercise intolerance and dyspnoea as key clinical correlates. Cardiac as well as extracardiac components play a role for the limited exercise capacity, including an impaired cardiac and peripheral vascular reserve, a limitation in mechanical ventilation and/or gas exchange with reduced pulmonary vascular reserve, skeletal muscle dysfunction and iron deficiency/anaemia. Although most of these components can be differentiated and quantified through gas exchange analysis by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), the information provided by objective measures of exercise performance has not been systematically considered in the recent algorithms/scores for HFpEF diagnosis, by neither European nor US groups. The current clinical consensus statement by the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) aims at outlining the role of exercise testing and its pathophysiological, clinical and prognostic insights, addressing the implications of a thorough functional evaluation from the diagnostic algorithm to the pathophysiology and treatment perspectives of HFpEF. Along with these goals, we provide a specific analysis of the evidence that CPET is the standard for assessing, quantifying, and differentiating the origin of dyspnoea and exercise impairment and even more so when combined with echocardiography and/or invasive haemodynamic evaluation. This will lead to improved quality of diagnosis when applying the proposed scores and may also help to implement the progressive characterization of the specific HFpEF phenotypes, a critical step toward the delivery of phenotype‐specific treatments.
Formal Syntheses of (±)‐Tuberostemospiroline and (±)‐Stemona‐lactam R and Total Synthesis of (±)‐Stemoamide
Authors: Bernardi Rosso Giovanni , Matos Paz Bruno , Aloise Pilli Ronaldo
Published: July 2022

The structure proposed for the putative Stemona alkaloid named as parvistemoamide (4 a or 4 b) has been questioned after revising the literature data and an attempted preparation of structure 4 a, which led to a 5 : 1 mixture of (±)‐stemoamide (1). Studies on the intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of a furan 12 containing a Z double bond tethered to a precursor of a N‐acyliminium ion are reported. As shown for bromo substituted furan 31, the cyclization occurred when a 4‐carbon saturated tether was present, allowing for the formal syntheses of racemic tuberostemospiroline (2) and stemona‐lactam R (3).
Modeling and validation of three‐dimensional sliding‐rocking rigid block subjected to earthquake excitation
Authors: Bao Yu , Xu Yang , Wu Bin
Published: July 2022

A freestanding rigid block subjected to earthquake excitation is a problem of significant interest to the earthquake engineering community because it has many direct applications in the seismic performance evaluation of both structural and non‐structural components. Previous studies on this classical problem usually assume planar rocking is the only motion that can be activated. However, this is clearly not true when friction coefficient is not sufficiently large or the earthquake excitation is bi‐directional. To address this knowledge gap, this paper presents a three‐dimensional sliding‐rocking rigid body model suitable for dynamic analysis. Important aspects for this model, which include the formulation of nonlinear equations of motion, transitional criteria for different motion modes, as well as the approach to handle the impact, are described. Validation of the proposed model consists of two parts. The first part is the comparison with the numerical prediction from a different model available in the literature. The second part is the comparison with the experimental study from a series of shake table tests using vision‐based measurement. These comparisons suggest the proposed model provide relatively good accuracy. Finally, a case study of overturning probability of a non‐structural component shows that using a three‐dimensional modeling approach can give substantially different result compared to a two‐dimensional rocking model, which highlights the necessity of adopting such model.
CDEM simulation of top‐coal caving characteristics under synchronous multiwindow drawing in longwall top‐coal caving mining of extra‐thick coal seam
Authors: Zhao Tielin , Xu Gang , Zhou Yuliang , Huang Zhizeng , Xue Jisheng , Du Longfei
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, longwall top coal caving (LTCC) panels adopt the single‐window drawing mode and their drawing efficiency is relatively low. The synchronous multi‐window drawing (SMWD) mode is a remarkable approach to resolve the incompatibility between shearer coal mining and top‐coal drawing. The present paper analyzes the caving characteristics of top coal under SMWD in LTCC mining of extra‐thick coal seam. The caving and migration of top‐coal fragments were simulated by using the continuum–discontinuum element method (CDEM). The results show that the SMWD mode can effectively improve the drawing smoothness with larger caving channels compared to the traditional single‐window drawing mode. The main caving channel for top‐coal fragments was directly above the assembled multi‐window (AMW), and the size of the AMW had a great influence on the distribution of the velocity field. Additionally, the simulated draw body of the initial drawing adopted an elliptical shape, which changed into a variation ellipse with the increasing size of the AMW. The boundary of the simulated draw body of the initial drawing presented an irregular shape that deviated from the results predicted by the Bergmark–Roos model. Furthermore, the drawing efficiency increased with the expansion of the AMW, whereas the recovery ratio first increased and then decreased with the expansion of the AMW. Finally, field tests revealed that the SMWD mode can greatly improve the drawing efficiency. Thus, the recovery ratio under A2 and A3 SMWD modes was higher than that of the traditional single‐window drawing mode. Based on the results of field tests and CDEM simulation, it is recommended to adopt A2 and A3 SMWD modes to enhance the top‐coal recovery ratio and drawing efficiency. These research results could constitute a technical reference for automated highly efficient top‐coal drawing and high‐yield LTCC panel extracting extra‐thick coal seam.
Predicting earnings management through machine learning ensemble classifiers
Authors: Hammami Ahmad , Hendijani Zadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we utilize six novel ensemble classifiers to predict earnings management (EM) in both its forms, accrual‐based earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM), and then compare the EM prediction accuracy of wrapper feature selection (FS) and filtering FS techniques in the context of EM. Specifically, we integrate three well‐known filtering FS techniques (information gain [IG], principal component analysis [PCA], and relief [Re]) and three popular wrapper FS techniques (particle swarm optimization [PSO], genetic algorithm [GA], and artificial bee colony [ABC]) with the support vector machine (SVM) to generate our ensemble classifiers. We then assess the performance of each of the six ensemble classifiers to predict AEM and REM based on three criteria: type Ι error, type ΙΙ error, and average accuracy. The results show that the ABC‐SVM ensemble classifier outperforms the others in predicting both AEM and REM. We also find that, overall, wrapper FS ensemble classifiers outperform filtering FS ensemble classifiers in predicting AEM and REM and that it is more difficult for our ensemble classifiers to predict REM than to predict AEM. This paper contributes to the literature on EM prediction by introducing six new ensemble classifiers. It is also the first work (to the best of our knowledge) in the domain of ensemble classifiers' applications (a) to consider both REM and AEM in one context and to show that REM is more difficult to predict than AEM and (b) to compare the performance of wrapper and filtering FS techniques in the EM prediction setting.
U–Pb zircon geochronology of a pyroclastic rock from the Parsoi Formation, Mahakoshal Group: Implications towards age and tectonics of the Basin in Central Indian Tectonic Zone
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Das Kaushik , Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Shiraishi Fumito , Kayama Masahiro
Published: July 2022

The Mahakoshal Group of rocks in the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) holds the key to documenting the early events in the CITZ evolution and initiation of collision/accretion between the North and South Indian cratons (NIC, SIC). Centimetre to decimetre‐thick conformable pyroclastic beds, sandwiched within the siltstone‐argillite metasedimentary succession of the Parsoi Formation allows us to generate (i) a robust depositional age, which otherwise is bracketed based on basement and intrusive age, and (ii) track the earliest record of accretion at the plate margin of NIC. A magmatic origin for the inferred pyroclastic unit is established from petrographic signatures and, in particular, the CL response of quartz grains. The dominance of the Dauphiné twin in fine‐grained (~100 μm and <20 μm) quartz fraction implies sub‐aquatic fast‐cooling across the phase transition temperature (573°C) of quartz within the pyroclastic rock. A volcanic arc to syn‐collisional granite affinity is suggested for the pyroclastic unit based on (i) dacitic to rhyolitic composition, (ii) LILE‐enrichment, (iii) HFSE depletion, and (iv) enrichment of Th, U, and Pb. The 207Pb/206Pb 1894.3 ± 9.4 Ma age of crystallization is estimated from the youngest and most prominent peak of near‐concordant oscillatory zoned zircon grain with a high Th/U ratio. The age data is important in documenting the earliest accretion event at the plate margin in the collisional history of NIC and SIC.
Potassium channel Kir4.1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation via intracellular pH regulation
Authors: Wang Na , Zhou Liang , Shao Chong‐Yu , Wang Xin‐Tai , Zhang Nan , Ma Jiao , Hu Hai‐Lan , Wang Yin , Qiu Mengsheng , Shen Ying
Published: July 2022

In humans, loss‐of‐function mutations of Kcnj10 in SeSAME/EAST syndrome, which encodes the inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), causes progressive neurological decline. Despite its rich expression in oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells and an emerging link with demyelinating disease, the function of Kir4.1 in OLs is unclear. Here we show a novel role of Kir4.1 in OL development. Kir4.1 expression is markedly greater in OLs than in OL precursor cells (OPCs), and the down‐regulation of Kir4.1 impairs OL maturation by affecting OPC differentiation. Interestingly, Kir4.1 regulates the intracellular pH of OPCs and OLs via the Na+/H+ exchanger, which underlies impeded OPC differentiation by Kir4.1 inhibition. Furthermore, Kir4.1 regulates GSK3β and SOX10, two molecules critical to OPC development. Collectively, our work opens a new avenue to understanding the functions of Kir4.1 and intracellular pH in OLs.
Effects of daughter tiller removal on shoot and root growth of the parent tiller in Lolium perenne
Authors: Robin Arif Hasan Khan , Matthew Cory
Published: July 2022

Background

This study investigated the effects of daughter tiller removal on parent tiller development in Lolium perenne.

Methods

Plants of L. perenne were grown hydroponically to allow separation of roots by phytomer position on the tiller axis and allowed to form two daughter tillers. In Experiment 1, adult daughter tillers were excised and effects on subsequent main tiller growth were observed for 16 days, on average. In Experiment 2, the growth of main tillers with or without daughter tillers was compared over 90–100 days. Two cultivars, ‘Alto’ bred from New Zealand germplasm and ‘Aberdart’ bred from United Kingdom germplasm were tested.

Results

Excision of adult daughter tillers reduced the dry weight of older roots at the base of parent tiller axes and accelerated new phytomer appearance. Preventing tillers from forming daughter tillers by new tiller excision resulted in increased individual leaf and root dry weight in tillers without daughter tillers.

Conclusions

The data indicated that daughter tillers contributed substrate for root development of their parent tillers. The presence of daughter tillers reduced the size of their main tiller but greatly enhanced whole plant yield.
The activation of M2 muscarinic receptor inhibits cell growth and survival in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Taggi Marilena , Kovacevic Andjela , Capponi Chiara , Falcinelli Marta , Cacciamani Veronica , Vicini Elena , Canipari Rita , Tata Ada Maria
Published: July 2022

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in females. Many ovarian tumor cell lines express muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), and their expression is correlated with reduced survival of patients. We have characterized the expression of mAChRs in two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV‐3, TOV‐21G) and two immortalized ovarian surface epithelium cell lines (iOSE‐120, iOSE‐398). Among the five subtypes of mAChRs (M1–M5 receptors), we focused our attention on the M2 receptor, which is involved in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Western blot analysis and real‐time PCR analyses indicated that the levels of M2 are statistically downregulated in cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated the effect of arecaidine propargyl ester hydrobromide (APE), a preferential M2 agonist, on cell growth and survival. APE treatment decreased cell number in a dose and time‐dependent manner by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing cell death. FACS and immunocytochemistry analysis have also demonstrated the ability of APE to accumulate the cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to increase the percentage of abnormal mitosis. The higher level of M2 receptors in the iOSE cells rendered these cells more sensitive to APE treatment than cancer cells. The data here reported suggest that M2 has a negative role in cell growth/survival of ovarian cell lines, and its downregulation may favor tumor progression.
Fully Automated MRI Segmentation and Volumetric Measurement of Intracranial Meningioma Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kang Ho , Witanto Joseph Nathanael , Pratama Kevin , Lee Doohee , Choi Kyu Sung , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Kyung‐Min , Kim Min‐Sung , Kim Jin Wook , Kim Yong Hwy , Park Sang Joon , Park Chul‐Kee
Published: July 2022

Background

Accurate and rapid measurement of the MRI volume of meningiomas is essential in clinical practice to determine the growth rate of the tumor. Imperfect automation and disappointing performance for small meningiomas of previous automated volumetric tools limit their use in routine clinical practice.

Purpose

To develop and validate a computational model for fully automated meningioma segmentation and volume measurement on contrast‐enhanced MRI scans using deep learning.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 659 intracranial meningioma patients (median age, 59.0 years; interquartile range: 53.0–66.0 years) including 554 women and 105 men.

Field Strength/Sequence

The 1.0 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T; three‐dimensional, T1‐weighted gradient‐echo imaging with contrast enhancement.

Assessment

The tumors were manually segmented by two neurosurgeons, H.K. and C.‐K.P., with 10 and 26 years of clinical experience, respectively, for use as the ground truth. Deep learning models based on U‐Net and nnU‐Net were trained using 459 subjects and tested for 100 patients from a single institution (internal validation set [IVS]) and 100 patients from other 24 institutions (external validation set [EVS]), respectively. The performance of each model was evaluated with the Sørensen‐Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) compared with the ground truth.

Statistical Tests

According to the normality of the data distribution verified by the Shapiro–Wilk test, variables with three or more categories were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc analysis.

Results

A two‐dimensional (2D) nnU‐Net showed the highest median DSCs of 0.922 and 0.893 for the IVS and EVS, respectively. The nnU‐Nets achieved superior performance in meningioma segmentation than the U‐Nets. The DSCs of the 2D nnU‐Net for small meningiomas less than 1 cm3 were 0.769 and 0.780 with the IVS and EVS, respectively.

Data Conclusion

A fully automated and accurate volumetric measurement tool for meningioma with clinically applicable performance for small meningioma using nnU‐Net was developed.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Synesthetes are More Involved in Art — Evidence From the Artistic Creativity Domains Compendium (ACDC)
Authors: Lunke Katrin , Meier Beat
Published: July 2022

Creativity is a multidimensional, multistage, and time‐dependent process, which can be expressed in various artistic domains and sub‐domains (e.g., visual arts, literature, music, and performing arts). The present study investigated the involvement of synesthetes in art, and whether the type of synesthesia determines the preferred artistic domain. We tested 709 participants with either grapheme‐color, sound‐color, or sequence‐space synesthesia (monotypical synesthesia) or a combination thereof (multiple synesthesia) and non‐synesthete controls with the Artistic Creativity Domains Compendium (ACDC). The ACDC measures the involvement in art on the three levels “interest,” “ability,” and “performance” for the four domains “visual arts,” “literature,” “music,” and “performing arts.” Overall, the results showed that synesthetes have an affinity for all four artistic domains compared with non‐synesthete controls. Moreover, the presence of multiple types of synesthesia affected the specific preference. Besides, compared with monotoypical synesthetes, the group of grapheme‐color‐sound‐color‐and‐sequence‐space synesthetes showed higher involvement in all artistic domains, most pronounced in visual arts. Overall, the study demonstrates that synesthesia is associated with higher interest, ability, and performance in art.
Microlaryngeal Laser Surgery Using High‐flow Nasal Ventilation at Two Oxygen Concentration Deliveries
Authors: Novakovic Daniel , Sheth Meet , Fellner Avital , Zoszak Alexander , Liew Stefan , Nguyen Duy Duong
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Ventilation using 100% oxygenation creates a risk of fire during laser microlaryngeal surgery (MLS). The purpose of this study is to describe the technique of transnasal high‐flow ventilation using laser safe (30%) oxygen conditions, measure the intraoperative real‐time laryngeal oxygen concentration, and examine patient saturation status using this technique.

Methods

Prospective IRB approved study of patients undergoing tubeless laser MLS using high‐flow nasal oxygenation. Delivered oxygen concentration was reduced from 100% to 30% before lasering using an oxygen‐air blender then increased to 100% post‐laser procedure. Outcome measures included time for laryngeal oxygen concentration to equalize to laser safe levels; time to, methods of and duration of rescue ventilation; and desaturation rates and apnoeic times at both 100% and 30% oxygen deliveries.

Results

Fifty patients were recruited (mean age = 47.4 years). Mean laryngeal oxygen concentration (%) at 100% and 30% deliveries was 98.46 and 31.45, respectively. Mean (SD) of laryngeal oxygen concentration equalization time to 30% (seconds) was 9.4 (3.69). At 30% oxygen delivery desaturation rate was faster and apneic time shorter compared with 100%. Eighteen patients required rescue (jet) ventilation and they had a faster apneic desaturation rate (%/minute) than patients not requiring rescue. Mean (SD) apneic time (minutes) at 30% delivery was 4.56 (2.25) and 4.41 (2.18) in rescue versus non‐rescue groups respectively. BMI was the only significant predictor of desaturation rate at 30% oxygen delivery.

Conclusion

It is possible to achieve a safe time window for use of laser during MLS using transnasal humidified high‐flow ventilation by delivering 30% oxygen concentration.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:634–639, 2023
Influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on high‐temperature oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y alloys
Authors: Li Danhong , Wang Kun , Zhu Xiangying , Chen Junxiu , Liu Ya , Wang Jianhua , Su Xuping
Published: July 2022

The influence of Al content and low oxygen pressure preoxidation on the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of the Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys were studied. The formation of oxides in low oxygen pressure preoxidation was investigated. The oxidation behavior of alloys with different Al content at 1000°C with and without preoxidation under low oxygen pressure was discussed. A protective oxide film was formed on the surface of alloys with different Al content in low oxygen pressure pre‐oxidation at 950°C for 5 h, but there were great differences in microstructures and properties. With the increase of Al content, the outermost oxide film of the alloy gradually changed from continuous Cr2O3 to Al2O3, and the oxidation resistance of the alloy increased gradually at 1000°C. By comparison, the oxidation resistance of Ni–25Cr–xAl–1Si–0.5Y (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) alloys can be significantly improved at 1000°C by low oxygen pressure preoxidation treatment.
Study of Ion Transport in Novel Protic Polymerized Ionic Liquids and Composites
Authors: Huang Gongyue , Zhu Haijin , Porcarelli Luca , García Yady , O'Dell Luke A. , Forsyth Maria
Published: July 2022

In this work, a novel protic polymerized ionic liquid [PSTFSI][Im] is synthesized. The [PSTFSI][Im] polymer presents moderate ionic conductivity and evidences proton activity. Incorporating protic ionic liquid (Protic IL) [MIm][TFSI], the composites present enhanced ionic conductivity, up to 10−3 S cm−1 at 120 °C upon addition of 60 wt% [MIm][TFSI]. It is found that the [PSTFSI][Im] polymer matrix can promote ion dissociation of the [MIm][TFSI] IL, leading to a larger cation/anion relative mobility compared to the neat Protic IL. This work demonstrates the potential of protic PolyIL as a polymer matrix for proton conductors.
Case report of bilateral ovarian fibromas associated with de novo germline variants in PTCH1 and SMARCA4
Authors: Higashimoto Tomoyasu , Smith Christy Haakonsen , Hopkins Mark R. , Gross John , Xing Deyin , Lee Jae W. , Morris Traevia , Bodurtha Joann
Published: July 2022

Background

Ovarian sex cord‐stromal tumors (OSCTs) are rare ovarian tumors that can develop from sex cord, stromal cells, or both. OSCTs can be benign or malignant. Bilateral and/or unilateral ovarian fibromas, a type of OSCT of the stromal cells, have been reported in individuals diagnosed with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). Calcified ovarian fibromas have been reported in 15–25% of individuals diagnosed with NBCCS while 75% of those cases occur bilaterally. The average age at diagnosis of OSCT/ovarian fibromas in patients with NBCSS is in the second to third decade compared with age 50 in the general population. Ovarian tumors are rare in pediatric populations.

Methods

The patient is a 5‐year‐old female diagnosed with bilateral ovarian fibromas at age 4. Multigene panel for the patient and subsequent targeted molecular evaluation of parents were completed. Histological evaluations on the surgically resected ovaries were performed for microscopic characterization of fibromas.

Results

Germline testing identified de novo heterozygous novel likely pathogenic variants in PTCH1 gene, exon 12 deletion, and an SMARCA4 splicing variant c.2002‐1G > A. Microscopic examination of bilateral tumors was consistent with an ovarian fibroma.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral benign ovarian fibroma in a child with a diagnosis of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) with a potential predisposition to Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome (RTPS).
Physiological and metabolic aspects of follicular developmental competence as affected by lactational body condition loss
Authors: Costermans Natasja G. J. , Teerds Katja J. , Kemp Bas , Keijer Jaap , Soede Nicoline M.
Published: July 2022

Metabolic demands of modern hybrid sows have increased over the years, which increases the chance that sows enter a substantial negative energy balance (NEB) during lactation. This NEB can negatively impact reproductive outcome, which is especially evident in primiparous sows causing a reduced second parity reproductive performance. The negative effects of the lactational NEB on reproductive performance can be partly explained by the influence of the premating metabolic state, during and after lactation, on the development of follicles from which oocytes will give rise to the next litter. In addition, the degree and type of body tissue mobilization during lactation that is, adipose tissue or lean mass, highly influences follicular development. Research investigating relations between the premating metabolic state and follicular and oocyte competence in modern hybrid sows, which experience higher metabolic demands during lactation, is limited. In this review we summarize current knowledge of physiological relations between the metabolic state of modern hybrid sows and follicular developmental competence. In addition, we discuss potential implications of these relations for current sow management strategies.
Changes in body weight, health behaviors, and mental health in adults with obesity during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Almandoz Jaime P. , Xie Luyu , Schellinger Jeffrey N. , Mathew M. Sunil , Marroquin Elisa Morales , Murvelashvili Natia , Khatiwada Shreeya , Kukreja Sachin , McAdams Carrie , Messiah Sarah E.
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between body weight changes, health behaviors, and mental health in adults with obesity during the second year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Between March 1, 2021, and November 30, 2021, adults from three obesity practices completed an online survey. The primary outcomes were ≥ 5% of body weight change since March 2020 and associated health behaviors and mental health factors.

Results

The sample (n = 404) was 82.6% female (mean age 52.5 years, mean BMI 43.3 kg/m2). Mean weight change was + 4.3%. Weight gain ≥ 5% was reported by 30% of the sample, whereas 19% reported ≥ 5% body weight loss. The degree of both weight gain and weight loss correlated positively with baseline BMI. Eighty percent of the sample reported difficulties with body weight regulation. Those who gained ≥ 5% versus those who lost ≥ 5% body weight were more likely to report higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression; less sleep and exercise; less healthy eating and home‐cooked meals; and more takeout foods, comfort foods, fast foods, overeating, and binge eating.

Conclusions

Weight gain in adults with obesity during the COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with higher baseline BMI, deteriorations in mental health, maladaptive eating behaviors, and less physical activity and sleep. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions for healthier minds, behaviors, and body weight as the pandemic continues.

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