bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ АЛГОРИТМУ ДІЙ ЛІКАРЯ ЩОДО ТАКТИКИ ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ АНТИБІОТИКОТЕРАПІЇ ПРИ ГОСТРИХ РЕСПІРАТОРНИХ ІНФЕКЦІЯХ З ВРАХУВАННЯМ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ БАКТЕРІОЛОГІЧНОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Klymniuk S. I. , Romaniuk L. B. , Volianska L. A. , Kopcha V. S. , Matviienko V. S. , Kravets N. Ya. , Borak V. P.
Published: March 2018

Мета роботи – проаналізувати підстави та перспективи вибору тактики призначення антибіотиків при гострих респіраторних захворюваннях, доцільність та інформативність результатів бактеріологічного дослідження мікробіоти ротоглотки з визначенням чутливості до антибіотиків виділених штамів і врахуванням діючих нормативних документів. Наведені переваги призначення антибіотикотерапії хворим за результатами бактеріологічного дослідження, що стосуються пацієнта зокрема та мікрофлори загалом, а саме: запобігання розвитку кишкового дисбіозу, збільшенню кількості полірезистентних штамів представників умовно-патогенної флори, зменшення вартості лікування та відповідно – кількості днів непрацездатності. Робота включає дані про застосування основних груп антибіотиків, що використовуються амбулаторно, та особливості їх взаємодії між собою і впливу на макроорганізм. Відображено модифікований алгоритм дій лікаря первинної ланки обслуговування при ГРІ з урахуванням результатів бактеріологічного дослідження та антибіо­тикограми. Висновки. Наведено економічні важелі, що дозволять здешевити комплекс лікування при ГРІ за рахунок обґрунтованої відмови від призначення антибіотиків або застосування їх з урахуванням чутливості збудників, конкурентоспроможність бактеріологічного дослідження порівняно з вірусологічним та імунологічним.
БІОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА УКРАЇНИ : МОНОГРАФІЯ / ЗА ЗАГ. РЕД. М.В. ВЕЛИЧКА, В.Г. РАДЧЕНКА. – КИЇВ : НАЦ. АКАД. СБУ, 2016. – 784 С.
Authors: Andreychyn M. A.
Published: March 2018

Тема рецензованої монографії украй актуальна. Автори вперше розглянули найповніший спектр загроз біологічного характеру національній безпеці України. Подібні фундаментальні книги з біобезпеки із залученням до їх написання фахівців з багатьох сфер науки та практики раніше в Україні не видавалися. Коротко охарактеризовано зміст кожної глави книжки. Рецензент схвально оцінив роботу, зазначаючи, що книжка буде корисною не тільки для курсантів і слухачів Національної академії СБУ, співробітників правоохоронних органів, але й для студентів природничих і медичних спеціальностей вишів та працівників відповідних галузей народного господарств.Тема рецензованої монографії украй актуальна. Автори вперше розглянули найповніший спектр загроз біологічного характеру національній безпеці України. Подібні фундаментальні книги з біобезпеки із залученням до їх написання фахівців з багатьох сфер науки та практики раніше в Україні не видавалися. Коротко охарактеризовано зміст кожної глави книжки. Рецензент схвально оцінив роботу, зазначаючи, що книжка буде корисною не тільки для курсантів і слухачів Національної академії СБУ, співробітників правоохоронних органів, але й для студентів природничих і медичних спеціальностей вишів та працівників відповідних галузей народного господарств.
Hemangiosarcoma at the base of the left atrium of a dog with mitral and tricuspid valve degeneration – case report
Authors: Fiorini Emiliana Andrades , Santos Tatiane Cristina Batista , Alves Luana Canassa , Moreti Rogério , Hataka Alessandre , Porto Camila Dias , Franco Rodrigo Prevedello
Published: March 2018

Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the vascular endothelium, with high metastatic power and commonly described in the spleen, liver, and right atrium. Thus, the objective of the present study is to report the occurrence of HSA at the base of the left atrium of a male, elderly, Lhasa Apso dog, treated with cyanosis, orthopedic position, cough. In the physical examination, the presence of crackling was observed in pulmonary lobes, murmur in focus of mitral and tricuspid grade IV\VI. The recommended emergency therapy was performed until the clinical improvement of the animal. After echocardiography, mitral and tricuspid valvular degeneration was confirmed, as well as the presence of an irregular, mixed echocardiogram, extra-cardiac, immobile at the base of the left atrium, measuring 2.9 x 1.44 cm in diameter. The clinical therapy established stabilized the clinical picture for 128 days, with recurrence of pulmonary edema and severe hemorrhagic pleural effusion, with the owners opting for euthanasia of the animal and necropsy confirming the definitive diagnosis of extrahepatic SAH at the base of the left atrium.
Nutritional factors related to glucose and lipid modulation in diabetic dogs: literature review
Authors: Teixeira Fabio Alves , Brunetto Marcio Antonio
Published: March 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia by absolute or relative insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal complications. The successful treatment of diabetic dogs depends on nutritional management and insulin applications. Studies evaluating the nutrition of diabetic dogs focused on fiber as the main factor in glycemic control; however, new research describes the role of starch as key in postprandial glycemic fluctuation, also attributing a central role for body condition scores and feed management in the adequate glycemic control of diabetic dogs. The aim of this paper is to review nutritional aspects to better control diabetes in dogs.
A (New) Economic History of the American Revolution?
Authors: Rothschild Emma
Published: March 2018

The article suggests that The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution can be the point of departure for a new economic history that combines the history of economic thought, economic-cultural history, especially of long-distance connections, and the history of ordinary exchanges in economic life.
Safe, Innovative and Accessible Medicines in Europe: A Renewed Strategy for Patients and the Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Altavilla Annagrazia
Published: March 2018

European Union (eu) action in the pharmaceutical sector has always had the dual objective of safeguarding public health by providing Europe with safe and effective medicines, while stimulating research, boosting innovation, and supporting the competitiveness of industry. To face major health, economic and scientific challenges, a series of measures have been adopted. Specific legal frameworks have been set up to improve patient safety by reducing the infiltration of counterfeit medicines into the supply chain, to increase the safety of medicines by modernising the pharmacovigilance system, as well as improving patient access by requiring high-quality health and medicine information. This article provides an overview of the new eu strategy aimed at increasing the safety and involvement of European patients, as well as the competitiveness of pharmaceutical industry in accordance with the principle of transparency. The analysis is carried out from a patients’ perspective addressing some paediatric specifications.
Collective Reparations and the Limitations of International Criminal Justice to Respond to Mass Atrocity
Authors: Navarro Nadia Tapia
Published: March 2018

Crimes under international criminal law (icl) are complex and are necessarily committed by complex nets of perpetrators with different degrees of responsibility. Claims have been raised against icl as a mechanism overly focused on the legal fiction of an individual perpetrator, obscuring the true collective dimension of the crimes. Despite these criticisms, icl has incorporated a mechanism to address this collective dimension, at least on the side of the victims: collective reparations. However, the emerging use of collective reparations faces important challenges in an avenue based on an individual-perpetrator logic. Here, I identify current difficulties in the early practice of collective reparations in international criminal justice. These difficulties relate mainly with procedural issues and the role of the ‘adjunct mechanisms’ such as the Trust Fund for Victims (tfv). I submit that these difficulties reflect the inherent tensions present in the asymmetrical treatment of the collective dimension of the crimes
Reverse Engineering the Tropical Precipitation–Buoyancy Relationship
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Neelin J. David
Published: March 2018

The tropical precipitation–moisture relationship, characterized by rapid increases in precipitation for modest increases in moisture, is conceptually recast in a framework relevant to plume buoyancy and conditional instability in the tropics. The working hypothesis in this framework links the rapid onset of precipitation to integrated buoyancy in the lower troposphere. An analytical expression that relates the buoyancy of an entraining plume to the vertical thermodynamic structure is derived. The natural variables in this framework are saturation and subsaturation equivalent potential temperatures, which capture the leading-order temperature and moisture variations, respectively. The use of layer averages simplifies the analytical and subsequent numerical treatment. Three distinct layers, the boundary layer, the lower free troposphere, and the midtroposphere, adequately capture the vertical variations in the thermodynamic structure. The influence of each environmental layer on the plume is assumed to occur via lateral entrainment, corresponding to an assumed mass-flux profile. The fractional contribution of each layer to the midlevel plume buoyancy (i.e., the layer weight) is estimated from TRMM 3B42 precipitation and ERA-Interim thermodynamic profiles. The layer weights are used to “reverse engineer” a deep-inflow mass-flux profile that is nominally descriptive of the tropical atmosphere through the onset of deep convection. The layer weights—which are nearly the same for each of the layers—constitute an environmental influence function and are also used to compute a free-tropospheric integrated buoyancy measure. This measure is shown to be an effective predictor of onset in conditionally averaged precipitation across the global tropics—over both land and ocean.
Exact solutions for the macro-, meso- and micro-scale analysis of composite laminates and sandwich structures
Authors: Yan Yang , Pagani Alfonso , Carrera Erasmo , Ren Qingwen
Published: March 2018

The present work proposes a closed-form solution based on refined beam theories for the static analysis of fiber-reinforced composite and sandwich beams under simply supported boundary conditions. The higher-order beam models are developed by employing Carrera Unified Formulation, which uses Lagrange-polynomials expansions to approximate the kinematic field over the cross section. The proposed methodology allows to carry out analysis of composite structure analysis through a single formulation in global-local sense, i.e. homogenized laminates at a global scale and fiber-matrix constituents at a local scale, leading to component-wise analysis. Therefore, three-dimensional stress/displacement fields at different scales can be successfully detected by increasing the order of Lagrange polynomials opportunely. The governing equations are derived in a strong-form and solved in a Navier-type sense. Three benchmark numerical assessments are carried out on a single-layer transversely isotropic beam, a cross-ply laminate [Formula: see text] beam and a sandwich beam. The results show that accurate displacement and stress values can be obtained in different parts of the structure with lower computational cost in comparison with traditional, enhanced as well as three-dimensional finite element methods. Besides, this study may serve as benchmarks for future assessments in this field.
Tristetraprolin Is Required for Alveolar Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Steinkamp H.M. , Hathaway-Schrader J.D. , Chavez M.B. , Aartun J.D. , Zhang L. , Jensen T. , Shojaee Bakhtiari A. , Helke K.L. , Stumpo D.J. , Alekseyenko A.V. , Novince C.M. , Blackshear P.J. , Kirkwood K.L.
Published: March 2018

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA-binding protein that targets numerous immunomodulatory mRNA transcripts for degradation. Many TTP targets are key players in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss, including tumor necrosis factor–α. To better understand the extent that host immune factors play during periodontal bone loss, we assessed alveolar bone levels, inflammation and osteoclast activity in periodontal tissues, and immune response in draining cervical lymph nodes in TTP-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice in an aging study. WT and TTP-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice were used for all studies under specific pathogen-free conditions. Data were collected on mice aged 3, 6, and 9 mo. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed on maxillae where 3-dimensional images were generated and bone loss was assessed. Decalcified sections of specimens were scored for inflammation and stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) to visualize osteoclasts. Immunophenotyping was performed on single-cell suspensions isolated from primary and peripheral lymphoid tissues using flow cytometry. Results presented indicate that TTP KO mice had significantly more alveolar bone loss over time compared with WT controls. Bone loss was associated with significant increases in inflammatory cell infiltration and an increased percentage of alveolar bone surfaces apposed with TRAP+ cells. Furthermore, it was found that the draining cervical lymph nodes were significantly enlarged in TTP-deficient animals and contained a distinct pathological immune profile compared with WT controls. Finally, the oral microbiome in the TTP KO mice was significantly different with age from WT cohoused mice. The severe bone loss, inflammation, and increased osteoclast activity observed in these mice support the concept that TTP plays a critical role in the maintenance of alveolar bone homeostasis in the presence of oral commensal flora. This study suggests that TTP is required to inhibit excessive inflammatory host responses that contribute to periodontal bone loss, even in the absence of specific periodontal pathogens.
TREMO: A dataset for emotion analysis in Turkish
Authors: Tocoglu Mansur Alp , Alpkocak Adil
Published: March 2018

This study presents a new dataset to be used in emotion extraction studies in Turkish text. We consider emotion extraction as a supervised text classification problem, which thereby requires a dataset for the training process. To satisfy this requirement, we aim to create a new dataset containing data for the six emotion categories: happiness, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise. To gather this dataset, we conducted a survey and collected 27,350 entries from 4709 individuals. In the next step, we performed a validation process in which annotators validated each entry one by one by assigning a related emotion category. As a result of this process, we obtained two datasets, one raw and the other validated. Subsequently, we generated four versions of these two datasets using two different stemming methods and then modelled them using a vector space model. Then, we ran machine learning algorithms, including complement naive Bayes (CNB), random forest (RF), decision tree C4.5 (J48) and an updated version of support vector machines (SVMs), on the models to calculate the accuracy, precision, recall and F-measure values. Based on the results we obtained, we concluded that the SVM classifier yielded the highest performance value and that the models trained with a validated dataset provide more accurate results than the models trained with a non-validated dataset.
Does political discourse matter? Comparing party positions and public attitudes on immigration in England
Authors: Leruth Benjamin , Taylor-Gooby Peter
Published: March 2018

The 2015 UK General Election campaign was mostly dominated by the issues of immigration, public debt, and income inequality. While most political parties adopted austerity-led programmes in order to reduce the level of public deficit, their stances on immigration vary significantly despite the two main parties converging on a welfare chauvinist frame. This article compares party positions to policy recommendations formulated by participants in a democratic forum as part of the ‘Welfare States Futures: Our Children’s Europe’ project in order to determine whether recent party pledges on immigration are being used by citizens in a large group discussion over the future of welfare policy in the United Kingdom. The analysis shows that while participants are committed to tougher policies in order to reduce existing levels of net migration, most of the policy priorities formulated do not match those of the two mainstream parties (i.e. the Conservative Party and the Labour Party) but rather those of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). It also demonstrates that participants’ individual political preferences do not seem to match their own positions on immigration and that there is little difference between left-leaning and right-leaning voters.
Poor and powerless: Economic and political inequality in cross-national perspective, 1981–2011
Authors: Cole Wade M
Published: March 2018

The relationship between economic and political inequality has long concerned social scientists, but research remains limited in scope. Most studies focus on isolated cases, highly restricted subsamples, or subunits within countries. Using data for up to 136 countries between 1981 and 2011, this study analyzes whether and how income inequality affects the distribution of political power for, and respect for the civil liberties of, a society’s rich and poor people. When income inequality is high, do rich people command greater political power and enjoy stronger civil liberties than poor people do? To answer these questions, the study uses both pooled regression analyses and two-stage models with instrumental variables to identify causal effects. The results are decisive: income inequality is inimical to both political and civil equality. These findings hold for developed as well as developing countries and for democratic as well as nondemocratic countries.
Biomarkers identify the Binswanger type of vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Barry Erhardt Erik , Pesko John C , Prestopnik Jillian , Thompson Jeffrey , Caprihan Arvind , Rosenberg Gary A
Published: March 2018

Binswanger’s disease is a form of subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD-BD) with extensive white matter changes. To test the hypothesis that biomarkers could improve classification of SIVD-BD, we recruited 62 vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) patients. Multimodal biomarkers were collected at entry into the study based on clinical and neuropsychological testing, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The patients’ diagnoses were confirmed by long-term follow-up, and they formed a “training set” to test classification methods, including (1) subcortical ischemic vascular disease score (SIVDS), (2) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (3) logistic regression (LR), and (4) random forest (RF). A subsequently recruited cohort of 43 VCID patients with provisional diagnoses were used as a “test” set to calculate the probability of SIVD-BD based on biomarkers obtained at entry. We found that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was the best variable for classification, followed by matrix metalloproteinase-2 in CSF and blood–brain barrier permeability on MRI. Both LR and RF performed better in diagnosing SIVD-BD than either EFA or SIVDS. Two-year follow-up of provisional diagnosis patients confirmed the accuracy of statistically derived classifications. We propose that biomarker-based classification methods could diagnose SIVD-BD patients earlier, facilitating clinical trials.
High acute phase protein levels correlate with pulmonary and skin involvement in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis
Authors: Lis-Święty Anna , Widuchowska Małgorzata , Brzezińska-Wcisło Ligia , Kucharz Eugeniusz
Published: March 2018

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) in relation to a control group, disease duration, and skin and pulmonary involvement.

Methods

This case-control study included 18 patients with early dSSc, 15 patients with late dSSc, and 15 healthy controls. The SAA and CRP levels, modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were determined in all patients.

Results

The SAA and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with early and late dSSc than in healthy controls. The frequency of detection of elevated SAA and CRP levels was approximately 66% and 85%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the SAA and CRP levels in patients with dSSc. The SAA and CRP levels were inversely correlated with DLCO. The CRP level was positively correlated with the mRSS.

Conclusions

High SAA and CRP levels could serve as biomarkers for pulmonary involvement. The serum CRP level accurately reflects the extension of skin thickening in patients with dSSc.
Reliability and Normative Reference Values for the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Tool in Youth Athletes
Authors: Moran Ryan N. , Covassin Tracey , Elbin R.J. , Gould Dan , Nogle Sally
Published: March 2018

Background:

The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) measure is a newly developed vestibular and ocular motor symptom provocation screening tool for sport-related concussions. Baseline data, psychometric properties, and reliability of the VOMS are needed to further understand the applications of this tool, especially in the youth population, where research is scarce.

Purpose:

To establish normative data and document the internal consistency and false-positive rate of the VOMS in a sample of nonconcussed youth athletes.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 423 youth athletes (male = 278, female = 145) between the ages of 8 and 14 years completed baseline VOMS screening before the start of their respective sport seasons. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach α and inter-item correlations.

Results:

Approximately 60% of youth athletes reported no symptom provocation on baseline VOMS assessment, with 9% to 13% scoring over the cutoff levels (score of ≥2 for any individual VOMS symptom, near point convergence distance of ≥5 cm). The VOMS displayed a high internal consistency (Cronbach α = .97) at baseline among youth athletes.

Conclusion:

The current findings provide preliminary support for the implementation of VOMS baseline assessment into clinical practice, due to a high internal consistency, strong relationships between VOMS items, and a low false-positive rate at baseline in youth athletes.
Death by Suicide among Canadian Medical Students: A National Survey-Based Study
Authors: Zivanovic Rebecca , McMillan Janette , Lovato Chris , Roston Christina
Published: March 2018

Objective:

To estimate a rate of death by suicide in the Canadian medical student population and examine the prevalence of institutional response policies for suicide.

Methods:

A survey was sent to all 17 Canadian medical undergraduate programs (MDUPs) to collect information on deaths by suicide over the past 10 years. In the case of a reported suicide, basic demographic data was collected. Respondents were asked to indicate whether internal statistics or response policies for suicide existed at their MDUP.

Results:

Responses were obtained from 16 of 17 (94%) MDUPs. Six suicides (50% female) were reported over the ten-year period from 2006 to 2016. The estimated cause-specific mortality rate was 5.9-8.7/100,000 medical students/year. There were seven (44%) MDUPs that kept statistics on student deaths including suicides and 10 (63%) reported having policies or guidelines regarding what to do in the event of a suicide.

Conclusions:

Our estimated suicide rate falls within previously reported rates in medical students. While this may be lower than the national rate for Canadians between the ages of 20-30 years old, any suicide in the medical student community must be an impetus for national dialogue and further study. A strategy is needed to better define the prevalence, risk factors for and impact of medical student suicide in Canada.
Do Community Members Have an Effective Voice in the Ethical Deliberation of a Behavioral Institutional Review Board?
Authors: Barton Ellen , Thominet Luke , Boeder Ruth , Primeau Sarah
Published: March 2018

Using concepts and methods from technical and professional communication and linguistics, the authors conducted an observational study of the voice of community members (CMs) in the deliberation of a behavioral institutional review board (IRB). In the discourse of deliberation, they found that CMs had an effective voice in constructing the compliance of individual research protocols under IRB review. But they also found that CMs had an ineffective voice in representing their African-American community, particularly in their efforts to advocate for more consideration of minority research sites and subjects and a fuller consideration of minority community attitudes.
One Design for the Account Planning Curriculum
Authors: Lavery Roger M.
Published: March 2018

The VCU Adcenter is a two-year advertising master's degree program sponsored by the School of Mass Communications at Virginia Commonwealth University. The program was launched in the Fall of 1996 with concentrations in account management, art direction, and copy writing
Wikipedia's Role and Value in the Advertising Classroom
Authors: Gray Deborah M. , Hoyle Jeffery
Published: March 2018

Higher education periodicals like The Chronicle of Higher Education have sought to inform readers about the state of Wikipedia's use in higher education. How can the academic literature inform scholars about this tool? This paper seeks to address the use of Wikipedia as a source of information in advertising courses. It explains, in layman's terms, the peer-review and editing system used by Wikipedia. A categorical distinction content analysis is used to compare a sample of 321 advertising terms and definitions listed in three advertising textbooks with the definition of the term located on Wikipedia's own Web site. Analysis of 1,127 printed pages of data suggested, overall, that Wikipedia is an accurate source of information for advertising courses. Advertising faculty should continue to engage in the philosophical discussion about the merits of using and contributing to advertising content on the Wikipedia Web site.
Matching Creativity Perceptions and Capabilities: Exploring the Impact of Feedback Messages
Authors: Mattern Jody L. , Child Jeffrey T. , Vanhorn Shannon B. , Gronewold Katherine L.
Published: March 2018

This two-part study first examines the accuracy of participants’ self-perceptions of creativity and looks at the effects of positive or negative feedback on creativity capability or output. Results of online testing showed that participants with higher self-perceived creativity were ultimately more creative. In part two, participants were provided positive, negative or neutral feedback regarding their first creativity exercises and retested using the same creativity measures. An ANOVA demonstrated no difference in the change in creative output from pre-test to post-test evaluations based on the type of randomly generated feedback message. While not significant, trends are highlighted in the data that warrant further examination in future research. Implications of the findings for instructors are discussed.
Enhancing Student Performance in Collegiate Marketing Competitions: The ECHO Judges' Perspectives
Authors: Spiller Lisa , Marold Dave
Published: March 2018

Marketing and advertising educators are striving to better prepare students to meet the demands of the rapidly changing, data-driven, knowledge-based world. Employers seek graduates who have analytical and creative knowledge and skills and experiences beyond typical classroom learning. Most educators agree that it is critical to reduce the gap between marketing theory and practice by incorporating more experiential components in students' learning processes. This study reports the findings of an online survey conducted to gather the perceptions and opinions of business professionals who have served as judges for an international collegiate marketing competition, the Collegiate ECHO Challenge, in order to assist marketing and advertising educators to better mentor student competition teams, especially those competing in the Collegiate ECHO Challenge; help educators evaluate the quality of student projects and marketing campaigns created for client-based projects and competitions via grading rubrics; and enhance the overall quality of student marketing projects and campaigns.
Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Control in India
Authors: Mohan Priya , Lando Harry A , Panneer Sigamani
Published: March 2018

Tobacco consumption is a huge public health issue in India and its impact is especially devastating among the poor. Effective tobacco control should be a top priority, both as a health issue and as a method to reduce poverty. Tobacco use is deeply ingrained as a cultural practice and there are a myriad of tobacco types. We reviewed multiple determinants of tobacco consumption including socio-economic status, marriage, population growth, marketing strategies, and price. We also considered the tobacco burden including economic and social costs and adverse health impacts especially those resulting from oral cancer. We then addressed the history of tobacco control legislation in India and challenges in implementation. Tobacco consumption in India is continuing to increase despite tobacco control policy. Needed are more visible and aggressive anti-tobacco campaigns including increased public awareness of tobacco harms and active engagement of worksites and health professionals in promoting tobacco cessation.
Determinants for sun-and-beach self-catering accommodation selection
Authors: Martín Juan Carlos , Román Concepción , Mendoza Cira
Published: March 2018

Self-catering accommodation is an important lodging alternative in some tourist destinations. Attributes such as the size, furniture and equipment; pool area; quietness; accessibility to beach; or Wi-Fi play an important role in the selection of this type of accommodation. Understanding tourists’ preferences is essential to improve services and gain competitiveness. In this article, a stated choice experiment between two hypothetical self-catering apartments is carried out in Maspalomas, a world renowned destination in the south of Gran Canaria, Spain. Consistent multinomial and mixed logit model specifications that incorporate systematic and random taste variation within tourists’ preferences are estimated. Willingness to pay for improving different service quality attributes is obtained. The findings are crucial and provide important insights to managers and policymakers in order to streamline the marketing and promotional strategies, as well as to make optimal investment decisions.
Effect of decrease in radial inclination of distal radius fractures on distal radioulnar joint stability: a biomechanical study
Authors: Bessho Yuki , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Nishiwaki Masao , Nagura Takeo , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Sato Kazuki
Published: March 2018

We investigated the relationship between the radial inclination of the distal radius and distal radioulnar joint stability. Six fresh-frozen upper extremities were used. Radial inclination was decreased by 10° and 20° and increased by 10° from the original radial inclination. Distal radioulnar joint stiffness was assessed with an intact radioulnar ligament and after partial and then complete sectioning of the radioulnar ligament. Radial angulation deformities significantly increased distal radioulnar joint stiffness when the radioulnar ligament is totally or partially attached to the ulnar fovea. After complete sectioning of the radioulnar ligament, distal radioulnar joint stiffness decreased significantly; additional radial angulation deformity slightly increased distal radioulnar joint stiffness, but the distal radioulnar joint never recovered to the original stiffness. Based on the results, radial angulation deformities of the distal radius should be corrected within 10° when the radioulnar ligament is intact, to reduce the risk of symptomatic distal radioulnar joint instability.
Predicting ethnicity with first names in online social media networks
Authors: Hofstra Bas , de Schipper Niek C
Published: March 2018

Social scientists increasingly use (big) social media data to illuminate long-standing substantive questions in social science research. However, a key challenge of analyzing such data is their lower level of individual detail compared to highly detailed survey data. This limits the scope of substantive questions that can be addressed with these data. In this study, we provide a method to upgrade individual detail in terms of ethnicity in data gathered from social media via the use of register data. Our research aim is twofold: first, we predict the most likely value of ethnicity, given one's first name, and second, we show how one can test hypotheses with the predicted values for ethnicity as an independent variable while simultaneously accounting for the uncertainty in these predictions. We apply our method to social network data collected from Facebook. We illustrate our approach and provide an example of hypothesis testing using our procedure, i.e., estimating the relation between predicted network ethnic homogeneity on Facebook and trust in institutions. In a comparison of our method with two other methods, we find that our method provides the most conservative tests of hypotheses. We discuss the promise of our approach and pinpoint future research directions.
Live like mosquitoes: Hukou, rural–urban disparity, and depression
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wu Cary , Liu Heqing , Shi Zhilei , Gu Jiaxin
Published: March 2018

Although there has been a longstanding curiosity about the socio-political consequences of China’s remarkable urban–rural divide, we have yet to understand the divide’s possible influence on mental health. Using data from the 2016 wave of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), we find that depressive symptoms of both rural–urban migrants and rural residents are significantly higher than those of urban residents. Consistent with the fundamental-causes-of-disease and stress-exposure perspectives, results from zero-inflated negative binomial regression suggest that such differences in depressive symptoms can be attributed to socioeconomic status and proximate stressors such as unemployment, living alone, and the unaffordability of medical services. In particular, the rural–urban difference in depressive symptoms is explained away by educational attainment. A further investigation using spline Poisson regression suggests that the protective effects of the period of middle school, which vary substantially across demographic groups, are especially relevant to the rural–urban disparity in depression. We argue that hukou is a fundamental cause of disease in China and mental health is an important yet understudied area where China’s salient urban–rural inequality strikes.
High serum levels of fatty acid–binding protein 7 in diabetic rats with experimental sepsis
Authors: Martins Emerson R , de Lima Thais M , Barbeiro Hermes V , Machado Marcel C César , Pinheiro da Silva Fabiano
Published: March 2018

Sepsis is a disease that affects a wide variety of individuals, including the young, the elderly, and those admitted to the hospital with diverse acute or chronic conditions. Because sepsis is such a heterogeneous disease, some researchers believe that personalized medicine may represent a promising means of improving the prognosis for certain patients. Of those who develop sepsis, diabetic patients remain a significant proportion, because diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with disturbances in the immune system, which facilitates bacterial infections. Fatty acid–binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of transport proteins with an important role in metabolism; therefore, we decided to measure their levels in diabetic rats, as part of a search for a novel biomarker of sepsis. Diabetes was experimentally induced in male Wistar rats, some of which then underwent cecal ligation and puncture, and the levels of FABP4 and FABP7 were measured in their serum and key tissues. Serum FABP7 levels in diabetic septic rats were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic septic rats. Consequently, we propose that FABP7 should be further investigated as a potential biomarker of sepsis in diabetic patients.
“Put It Out There That You Are Willing To Talk About Anything”: The Role of School Counselors in Providing Support to gay and Bisexual Youth
Authors: Roe Stuart
Published: March 2018

This study examines how gay and bisexual adolescents identify and access support from their school counselor using a phenomenological inquiry approach. Gay and bisexual adolescents were interviewed regarding their experiences with their school counselors and reported that they believed school counselors should be supportive by virtue of their title. Participants used various methods to determine if their school counselor was supportive including ascertaining political beliefs, relying on the past history of the school counselor-student relationship, observing supportive symbols in school counseling offices, and relying on knowledge gained from other students. Students reported that school counselors are most helpful when they simply listen to students’ concerns and state directly that they are willing to discuss LGBT issues. Barriers to accessing support from school counselors included student concerns regarding confidentiality and fears of being judged or treated differently by their school counselor. The article also discusses study strengths and limitations.
The Development and Validation of the School Counseling Program Report Card – Student Version
Authors: Kimbel Tyler , Clemens Elysia V.
Published: March 2018

The School Counseling Program Report Card - Student Version is a program evaluation tool designed to capture high school student perceptions of school counseling services. This article describes the initial instrument development process. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 305) yielded a 22-item instrument with three subscales that mirror the ASCA National Model domains. Reliability of subscales ranged from α = .89 to .91. Expert review and concurrent validity tests demonstrated initial support for the use of this program evaluation instrument to gather process-level data.
School Counselors Deliver Information about School Counseling and their Work: What Professional Message is Conveyed?
Authors: Shimoni Aviva , Greenberger Lori
Published: March 2018

This study examined the extent to which 99 school counselors delivered information to stakeholders about their profession and work via various channels. Results showed that information was mainly delivered via routine encounters within the school while the use of a pre-arranged manner and electronic media were less frequent. School counselors’ work information tended to be delivered to the school staff rather than to pupils, parents/guardians, and community. To the least extent, school counselors delivered information about their professional profile. The authors discuss the importance of delivering information in the advocacy of the counseling profession.
Male Sex, Decreased Activity Level, and Higher BMI Associated With Lower Completion of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Hannon Charles P. , Locker Philip , Davey Annabelle , Wang Kevin C. , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys have become increasingly important in both improving patient care and assessing outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which variables are associated with compliance with completing PRO surveys in patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The authors hypothesized that older patient age and longer time since ACLR would be associated with lower completion rates of PRO surveys preoperatively and at postoperative time points.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients who underwent ACLR by a sports medicine fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeon at a single institution and were electronically assigned PRO surveys through a data collection system preoperatively between December 2013 and March 2015 were included. Postoperatively, PRO surveys were sent to patients’ email addresses at 6, 12, and 24 months. Demographics, history, and operative and postoperative information were evaluated for an association with survey completion rates.

Results:

A total of 256 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 140 (54.7%) male and 116 (45.3%) female patients, with an overall mean age of 28.6 ± 11.9 years. Only 19 (7.4%) patients completed all preoperative and postoperative surveys at all time points. Less than half of the patients (n = 104; 40.6%) completed both the preoperative survey and at least 1 postoperative survey. There was a steady decrease in the completion rate of PRO surveys postoperatively over time (Pearson r = –0.995, P = .005). Male patients had significantly worse compliance with completing PRO surveys preoperatively and at a minimum of 1 time point postoperatively ( P = .044). Patients who did not identify as athletes or report frequent exercise (≥3 times/wk) had significantly worse compliance with completing any PRO surveys ( P = .046). Lower body mass index was associated with greater odds of compliance with completing the preoperative survey and 24-month postoperative survey (odds ratio, 0.902; P = .029).

Conclusion:

An inverse relationship was found between the surgery-to-survey period and percentage of those completing PRO surveys, with poor overall compliance. Male sex and not self-identifying as an athlete or performing frequent physical exercise were associated with lower completion rates of PRO surveys, while lower body mass index was associated with a greater rate of completion.
Sipa1 deficiency–induced bone marrow niche alterations lead to the initiation of myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Xiao Pingnan , Dolinska Monika , Sandhow Lakshmi , Kondo Makoto , Johansson Anne-Sofie , Bouderlique Thibault , Zhao Ying , Li Xidan , Dimitriou Marios , Rassidakis George Z. , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Minato Nagahiro , Walfridsson Julian , Scadden David T. , Sigvardsson Mikael , Qian Hong
Published: March 2018

Key Points

Sipa1 loss leads to BM niche alterations prior to the initiation of MPN. Sipa1-deficient BM niche induces lethal MPN from normal hematopoietic cells.
Rationale and design of the screening of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SOPHIE) study
Authors: Huang Duo , Cheng Yang-Yang , Chan Pak-Hei , Hai Jojo , Yiu Kai-Hang , Tse Hung-Fat , Wong Ka-Lam , Fan Katherine , Li Ying Wah , Ng Woon-Leung , Yim Cheuk-Wan , Wong Cheuk-hon John , Tam Lai-Shan , Wong Priscilla C.H. , Wong Chi-Yuen , Ho Chup-Hei , Leung Alexander M.H. , Mok Chi-Chiu , Lam Ho , Lau Chak-Sing , Cheung Tommy , Ho Carmen , Law Sharon W.Y. , Chan Esther W. , Yin Li-Xue , Yue Wen-Sheng , Mok Toi Meng , Evora Mario Alberto , Siu Chung-Wah
Published: March 2018

Current guideline-recommended screening for pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis has not been evaluated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is disproportionately prevalent in Asians.

This multicentre, cross-sectional screening study aims to study the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension among SLE patients using these guidelines, and identify independent predictors and develop a prediction model for pulmonary hypertension in SLE patients.

SLE patients from participating centres will undergo an echocardiography- and biomarker-based pulmonary hypertension screening procedure as in the DETECT study. Standard right heart catheterisation will be provided to patients with intermediate or high echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension. Those with low echocardiographic probability will rescreen within 1 year. The primary measure will be the diagnosis and types of pulmonary hypertension and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in SLE patients. The secondary measures will be the predictors and prediction models for pulmonary hypertension in SLE patients. The estimated sample size is approximately 895 participants.

The results of the SOPHIE study will be an important contribution to the literature of SLE-related pulmonary hypertension and may be immediately translatable to real clinical practice. Ultimately, this study will provide the necessary evidence for establishing universal guidelines for screening of pulmonary hypertension in SLE patients.
Glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring is inversely associated with baroreflex sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: a preliminary report
Authors: Matsutani Daisuke , Sakamoto Masaya , Iuchi Hiroyuki , Minato Souichirou , Suzuki Hirofumi , Kayama Yosuke , Takeda Norihiko , Horiuchi Ryuzo , Utsunomiya Kazunori
Published: March 2018

Background

It is presently unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is associated with baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which is an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The present study is the first to examine the relationships between BRS and GV measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods

This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. A total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes were consecutively recruited for this study. GV was assessed by measuring the standard deviation (SD), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) during CGM. The BRS was analyzed from electrocardiogram and blood pressure recordings using the sequence method on the first day of hospitalization.

Results

A total of 94 patients (mean diabetes duration 9.7 ± 9.6 years, mean HbA1c 61.0 ± 16.8 mmol/mol [7.7 ± 1.5%]) were analyzed. In the univariate analysis, CGM-SD (r = − 0.375, p = 0.000), CGM-CV (r = − 0.386, p = 0.000), and MAGE (r = − 0.395, p = 0.000) were inversely related to BRS. In addition to GV, the level of BRS correlated with the coefficient of variation in the R–R intervals (CVR-R) (r = 0.520, p = 0.000), heart rate (HR) (r = − 0.310, p = 0.002), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (r = − 0.326, p = 0.001), age (r = − 0.519, p = 0.000), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.276, p = 0.007). Multiple regression analysis showed that CGM-CV and MAGE were significantly related to a decrease in BRS. These findings remained after adjusting the BRS for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HR, eGFR, CAVI, and CGM-mean glucose. Additionally, BRS was divided according to quartiles of the duration of diabetes (Q1–4). BRS decreased after a 2-year duration of diabetes independently of age and sex.

Conclusions

GV was inversely related to BRS independently of blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Measurement of BRS may have the potential to predict CV events in consideration of GV.

Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000025964, 28/02/2017