bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for planning water infrastructure in the Surabaya City area with the influence of watershed characteristics to realize sustainable settlement drainage that is safe from flooding
Authors: Imaaduddiin Muhammad Hafiizh , Saud Ismail , Santoso Rahmad Putra
Published: October 2022

The development of urban areas often has an impact on changes in the surface run off area of water flow, a consequence that often occurs is flooding due to an increase in the value of run off drainage from housing/industries which burdens the capacity of urban land drainage channels. The analysis carried out is to calculate the value of the travel time (Tc) from the build area compared to the peak time (Tp) in the urban partial drainage flow. The value of time concentration is influenced by the slope of topography and watershed area of each rayon in Surabaya. The calculated Tc and Tp values will be combined to find the linear correlation value of the effect of watershed characteristics on development/change of land area in Surabaya. The results of the linear analysis of the relationship between the area of the build up area and the combined travel time in each rayon are not the same, this is due to the influence of land topographic slopes in each rayon and also the area of the watershed be different. the length of the channel on the drainage of urban area in each rayon have a separate drainage network sub system from one another. This is a consideration that the determination of the formulation of the relationship between the area of the build up area and the time and volume of the reservoir must adjust the characteristics of each rayon.
Removal of COD and TSS from tomato ketchup industrial wastewater using cylindrical electrocoagulation method
Authors: Syaifuddin M , Bagastyo A Y
Published: October 2022

Tomato ketchup industrial sector is associated with various environmental problems including high concentration wastewater containing organic pollutant and suspended solid. While the industry always considers from an economic point of view, electrocoagulation can be the best alternative of treat wastewater which has the advantage easy in operation, minimum space requirements, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. This paper investigated the effect of pH and current electricity on performance of removal of COD and TSS in tomato ketchup wastewater treatment. The research was conducted in continuous flow using cylindrical reactor with rod aluminum anode dan helical stainless-steel cathode, while the pH and current variations were 6, 7, 8 and 30 A, 35 A, and 40 A respectively. Based on analyzed data, aluminum has an effectiveness in COD and TSS removal. On the other hand, pH and current has a significant role on the process of removing COD and TSS. The best removal of COD and TSS was under the 35 A and pH 8 condition with 81,86 % (103.24 gCOD) and 82.61% (6.48 gTSS).
Speculative Fiction and Queer Theory
Authors: Pearson Wendy Gay
Published: October 2022

Speculative fiction, like queer, can be an umbrella term; it can cover any writing in which reality is not mimetically represented. In other words, speculative fiction is a fuzzy set whose boundaries are permeable, capacious, and capable of definition and redefinition by readers and writers alike. The set includes science fiction, fantasy, horror, the Gothic, and most or all magic realist writing. Because of its focus on spaces and times that have not (yet) happened, may never happen, and may, indeed, be impossible, speculative fiction as a supergeneric category leaves open a great deal of room for queerness in all its forms. Queer theory illuminates depictions of sexuality, gender, and their intersectionalities as they are represented in speculative fictions of all kinds. In doing so, it traces several specific queer theoretical interventions, including: questions of queer representation; histories in which queer representation has been suppressed; queer dismantling of all types of normativity; queer theorizing about intimacy, kinship, reproduction, and family; questions of posthumanism and the queering of embodiment and/through technology; and issues of queer time versus the power of chrononormativity to reinforce assumptions about linear time and “normal” life. Speculative fiction is a powerful medium for both queer readers and queer writers because it empowers narratives, characters, and/or settings that disrupt the many ways in which dominant assumptions about race, gender, and sexuality are produced by, and in turn reinforce, colonial aspirations and expectations. Some speculative fiction may be dystopian, but some speculative fiction may also read the past reparatively in order to imagine more hopeful worlds.
Hysteria
Authors: Marrow Jocelyn
Published: October 2022

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Please check back later for the full article.

Even though hysteria is no longer a diagnostic category in Western medical systems, the phenomena to which it referred have remained productive of anthropological deliberation. This may be due to the dramatic and highly variable nature of hysterias and related afflictions as observed. Hysterias are shape-shifters, with signs and symptoms varying according to their historical and cultural niches. Further, hysterias demand notice and response from those who witness them. Interpretation is the sine qua non of hysteria, rendering it irresistible to vernacular and scholarly meaning-making.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, hysteria was a diagnosis commonly given by physicians practicing in European and North American medical traditions to individuals (mostly women) whose wide-ranging motoric symptoms were thought to be caused by psychological distress. In the present, hysteria is no longer a medical diagnosis; it persists in common English language usage as a pejorative term to refer to excessive emotional displays. Contemporary medical diagnostics replace hysteria with a bevy of psychosomatic illness diagnoses, including conversion disorder, dissociative reaction, and functional neurological disorder, among others.

There are at least three ways that anthropological scholarship engages with hysteria. The first, and historically earliest, applies the postulated psychodynamics of hysteria to explain spirit possession—the phenomenon in which an individual’s body is engulfed by that of a supernatural being such as the soul of a deceased human, a divinity, or a demon. This anthropological literature postulates that spirit possession involves altered states of consciousness, such as hypnosis or trance, to explain the belief that the self may be overwhelmed by a will not its own. The idea that another entity is speaking and acting in place of the host’s volition allows the host to express anger at injustices perpetrated against them. This genre of writing about hysteria and hysteria-like phenomena argues that it is a “weapon of the weak.”

The second way in which scholarship engages with hysteria is through examining the politics of the labels “hysteria” and “hysterical,” and documenting how powerful people may deploy the label “hysteria” to disparage the complaints of marginalized or disempowered people. In these instances, anthropologists have examined the event, or series of events, to argue that the grievances provoking complaint are real and serious, rather than exaggerated or “all in the heads” of those making them. A third strand of research emerges from fieldwork in medical anthropology and examines the contemporary sociocultural contexts in which people are given hysteria-like diagnoses (such as conversion disorder or dissociative trance disorder) in clinical settings. These studies are based on fieldwork in diverse clinical settings relying upon Western medical categories and treatments.
Uncovering Heterogeneous Associations Between Disaster-Related Trauma and Subsequent Functional Limitations: A Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Shiba Koichiro , Daoud Adel , Hikichi Hiroyuki , Yazawa Aki , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: October 2022

This study examined heterogeneity in the association between disaster-related home loss and functional limitations of older adults, and identified characteristics of vulnerable subpopulations. Data were from a prospective cohort study of Japanese older survivors of the 2011 Japan Earthquake. Complete home loss was objectively assessed. Outcomes in 2013 (n = 3,350) and 2016 (n = 2,664) included certified physical disability levels, self-reported activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. We estimated population average associations between home loss and functional limitations via targeted maximum likelihood estimation with SuperLearning and its heterogeneity via the generalized random forest algorithm. We adjusted for 55 characteristics of survivors from the baseline survey conducted 7 months before the disaster. While home loss was consistently associated with increased functional limitations on average, there was evidence of effect heterogeneity for all outcomes. Comparing the most and least vulnerable groups, the most vulnerable group tended to be older, not married, living alone, and not working, with preexisting health problems before the disaster. Individuals who were less educated but had higher income also appeared vulnerable for some outcomes. Our inductive approach for effect heterogeneity using machine learning algorithm uncovered large and complex heterogeneity in postdisaster functional limitations among Japanese older survivors.
Anterior connectivity critical for recovery of connected speech after stroke
Authors: Ding Junhua , Schnur Tatiana T
Published: October 2022

Connected speech recovers to different degrees across people after left hemisphere stroke, but white matter predictors of differential recovery from the acute stage of stroke are unknown. We assessed changes in lexical–syntactic aspects of connected speech in a longitudinal analysis of 40 individuals (18 females) from the acute stage of left hemisphere stroke (within an average of 4 days post-stroke) to subacute (within 2 months) and chronic stages (early: 6 months, late: 1 year) while measuring the extent of acute lesions on white matter tracts to identify tracts predictive of recovery. We found that acute damage to the frontal aslant tract led to a decreased recovery of the fluency and structural complexity of connected speech during the year following left hemisphere stroke. The results were independent of baseline performance, overall lesion volume and the proportion of damage to tract-adjacent grey matter. This longitudinal analysis from acute to chronic stroke provides the first evidence that recovery of fluent and structurally complex spontaneous connected speech requires intact left frontal connectivity via the frontal aslant tract. That the frontal aslant tract was critical for recovery at early as well as later stages of stroke demonstrates that anterior connectivity plays a lasting and important role for the reorganization of function related to the successful production of connected speech.
Brainnetome atlas of preadolescent children based on anatomical connectivity profiles
Authors: Li Wen , Fan Lingzhong , Shi Weiyang , Lu Yuheng , Li Jin , Luo Na , Wang Haiyan , Chu Congying , Ma Liang , Song Ming , Li Kaixin , Cheng Luqi , Cao Long , Jiang Tianzi
Published: October 2022

During the preadolescent period, when the cerebral thickness, curvature, and myelin are constantly changing, the brain's regionalization patterns underwent persistent development, contributing to the continuous improvements of various higher cognitive functions. Using a brain atlas to study the development of these functions has attracted much attention. However, the brains of children do not always have the same topological patterns as those of adults. Therefore, age-specific brain mapping is particularly important, serving as a basic and indispensable tool to study the normal development of children. In this study, we took advantage of longitudinal data to create the brain atlas specifically for preadolescent children. The resulting human Child Brainnetome Atlas, with 188 cortical and 36 subcortical subregions, provides a precise period-specific and cross-validated version of the brain atlas that is more appropriate for adoption in the preadolescent period. In addition, we compared and illustrated for regions with different topological patterns in the child and adult atlases, providing a topologically consistent reference for subsequent research studying child and adolescent development.
Critical illness associated new onset atrial fibrillation: subsequent atrial fibrillation diagnoses and other adverse outcomes
Authors: Lancini Daniel , Tan Wei Lian , Guppy-Coles Kristyan , Boots Robert , Prasad Sandhir , Atherton John , Martin Paul
Published: October 2022

Aims

Amongst patients with critical illness associated new onset AF (CI-NOAF), the risk of subsequent atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnoses and other adverse outcomes is unknown, and the role for long-term anticoagulation is unclear. This study sought to determine the factors associated with subsequent AF diagnoses and other adverse outcomes in this cohort.

Methods and results

Admissions to a tertiary general intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2015 and September 2018 were screened for AF episodes through hourly analysis of continuous ECG monitoring. Patients with a prior history of AF were excluded. AF burden was defined as the percentage of monitored ICU hours in AF. The primary endpoint was subsequent AF diagnoses, as collated from the statewide electronic medical records. Secondary endpoints included mortality, embolic events, MACE and subsequent anticoagulation.

Results

Of 7030 admissions with 509 303 h of monitoring data, 309 patients with CI-NOAF were identified, and 235 survived to discharge. Subsequent AF diagnoses were identified in 75 (31.9%) patients after a median of 413 days. Increased AF burden had the strongest independent association with AF recurrence (OR = 15.03, P = 0.002), followed by increased left atrial area (OR = 1.12, P = 0.01). Only 128 (54.5%) patients had their AF diagnosis acknowledged at ICU discharge, and 50 (21.3%) received anticoagulation at hospital discharge.

Conclusion

CI-NOAF is often under-recognized, and subsequent AF diagnoses are common post-discharge. AF burden during ICU admission has a strong independent association with subsequent AF diagnoses. Left atrial size is also independently associated with subsequent AF.
Ventricular arrhythmias in arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome—a prospective continuous long-term cardiac monitoring study
Authors: Aabel Eivind W , Chivulescu Monica , Lie Øyvind H , Hopp Einar , Gjertsen Erik , Ribe Margareth , Helle-Valle Thomas M , Edvardsen Thor , Hegbom Finn , Dejgaard Lars A , Haugaa Kristina H
Published: October 2022

Aims

Arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome is linked to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The incidence, morphology and methods for risk stratification are not well known. This prospective study aimed to describe the incidence and the morphology of ventricular arrhythmia and propose risk stratification in patients with arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome.

Methods

Arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome patients were monitored for ventricular tachyarrhythmias by implantable loop recorders (ILR) and secondary preventive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). Severe ventricular arrhythmias included ventricular fibrillation, appropriate or aborted ICD therapy, sustained ventricular tachycardia and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia with symptoms of hemodynamic instability.

Results

During 3.1 years of follow-up, severe ventricular arrhythmia was recorded in seven (12%) of 60 patients implanted with ILR [first event incidence rate 4% per person-year, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2–9] and in four (20%) of 20 patients with ICD (re-event incidence rate 8% per person-year, 95% CI 3–21). In the ILR group, severe ventricular arrhythmia was associated with frequent premature ventricular complexes, more non-sustained ventricular tachycardias, greater left ventricular diameter and greater posterolateral mitral annular disjunction distance (all P < 0.02).

Conclusions

The yearly incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was high in arrhythmic mitral valve syndrome patients without previous severe arrhythmias using continuous heart rhythm monitoring. The incidence was even higher in patients with secondary preventive ICD. Frequent premature ventricular complexes, non-sustained ventricular tachycardias, greater left ventricular diameter and greater posterolateral mitral annular disjunction distance were predictors of first severe arrhythmic event.
Resequencing of sweetpotato germplasm resources reveals key loci associated with multiple agronomic traits
Authors: Xiao Shizhuo , Dai Xibin , Zhao Lingxiao , Zhou Zhilin , Zhao Lukuan , Xu Pan , Gao Bingqian , Zhang An , Zhao Donglan , Yuan Rui , Wang Yao , Wang Jie , Li Qinglian , Cao Qinghe
Published: October 2022

Sweetpotato is an important crop that exhibits hexaploidy and high heterozygosity, which limits gene mining for important agronomic traits. Here, 314 sweetpotato germplasm resources were deeply resequenced, and 4 599 509 SNPs and 846 654 InDels were generated, among which 196 124 SNPs were nonsynonymous and 9690 InDels were frameshifted. Based on the Indels, genome-wide marker primers were designed, and 3219 of 40 366 primer pairs were selected to construct the core InDel marker set. The molecular ID of 104 sweetpotato samples verified the availability of these primers. The sweetpotato population structures were then assessed through multiple approaches using SNPs, and diverse approaches demonstrated that population stratification was not obvious for most Chinese germplasm resources. As many as 20 important agronomic traits were evaluated, and a genome-wide association study was conducted on these traits. A total of 19 high-confidence loci were detected in both models. These loci included several candidate genes, such as IbMYB1, IbZEP1, and IbYABBY1, which might be involved in anthocyanin metabolism, carotenoid metabolism, and leaf morphogenesis, respectively. Among them, IbZEP1 and IbYABBY1 were first reported in sweetpotato. The variants in the promoter and the expression levels of IbZEP1 were significantly correlated with flesh color (orange or not orange) in sweetpotato. The expression levels of IbYABBY1 were also correlated with leaf shape. These results will assist in genetic and breeding studies in sweetpotato.
Spectrophotometric Quantitative Analysis of Aspirin and Vonoprazan Fumarate in Recently Approved Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets Using Ratio Spectra Manipulating Tools
Authors: Abdelazim Ahmed H , Abdel-Fattah Ashraf , Osman Ayman O E , Abdel-Kareem Rady F , Ramzy Sherif
Published: October 2022

Background

Low-dose aspirin (ASP) is prescribed to millions of people around the world as a secondary preventative strategy for the majority of significant cardiovascular events; however, it carries a substantial risk of gastric ulcer and bleeding. Cabpirin® tablets, which include low-dose ASP and vonoprazan fumarate (VON), are approved in Japan for the treatment of acid-related diseases in patients who require a low dose of ASP but are at risk of ASP-associated gastric ulcers.

Objective

This paper describes the first published quantitative analytical approaches for the determination of ASP and VON.

Method

The normal ultraviolet absorption spectra of ASP and vonoprazan overlap significantly. The ratio spectra of the studied drugs were created and manipulated by ratio difference (RD) and first derivative of ratio spectra approaches. In the RD approach, the differences in the amplitude values between 229 and 283 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of ASP, and the differences in the amplitude values between 255 and 212 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of vonoprazan. In the first derivative of the ratio spectra approach, the created ratio spectra of each drug were transformed to the first-order derivative. ASP could be determined selectively at 237.40 nm without interference from vonoprazan. Moreover, vonoprazan could be determined selectively at 244 nm without interference from ASP.

Results

The applied approaches were validated according to the ICH guideline, with good results. Linear correlations were obtained for ASP and vonoprazan over concentration ranges of 2–25 and 1–10 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions

The described methods were optimized, validated, and applied for determination of the studied drugs in the synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceutical tablets without interferences.

Highlights

Two spectrophotometric ratio spectra manipulating approaches were developed for the determination of the ASP and vonoprazan in their pharmaceutical combination tablets.
The Association Between Financial Toxicity and Treatment Regret in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joyce Daniel D , Wallis Christopher J D , Huang Li-Ching , Hoffman Karen E , Zhao Zhiguo , Koyama Tatsuki , Goodman Michael , Hamilton Ann S , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Paddock Lisa E , Stroup Antoinette , Cooperberg Matthew R , Hashibe Mia , O’Neil Brock B , Kaplan Sherrie H , Greenfield Sheldon , Penson David F , Barocas Daniel A
Published: October 2022

Background

Financial toxicity is emerging as an important patient-centered outcome and is understudied in prostate cancer patients. We sought to understand the association between financial burden and treatment regret in men with localized prostate cancer to better evaluate the role of financial discussions in patient counseling.

Methods

Utilizing the Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Surgery and Radiation dataset, we identified all men accrued between 2011 and 2012 who underwent surgery, radiation, or active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. Financial burden and treatment regret were assessed at 3- and 5-year follow-up. The association between financial burden and regret was assessed using multivariable longitudinal logistic regression controlling for demographic and disease characteristics, treatment, functional outcomes, and patient expectations.

Results

Of the 2924 eligible patients, regret and financial burden assessments for 3- and/or 5-year follow-up were available for 81% (n = 2359). After adjustment for relevant covariates, financial burden from “finances in general” was associated with treatment regret at 3 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33 to 4.57; P = .004); however, this association was no longer statistically significant at 5-year follow-up (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.56 to 2.54; P = .7).

Conclusions

In this population-based sample of men with localized prostate cancer, we observed associations between financial burden and treatment regret. Our findings suggest indirect treatment costs, especially during the first 3 years after diagnosis, may impact patients more profoundly than direct costs and are important for inclusion in shared decision making.
The effect of modulation of gut microbiome profile on radiation-induced carcinogenesis and survival
Authors: Cook John A , Sowers Anastasia L , Choudhuri Rajani , Gadisetti Chandramouli , Edmondson Elijah F , Gohain Sangeeta , Krishna Murali C , Mitchell James B
Published: October 2022

Non-lethal doses of ionizing radiation (IR) delivered to humans because of terrorist events, nuclear accidents or radiotherapy can result in carcinogenesis. Means of protecting against carcinogenesis are lacking. We questioned the role of the gut microbiome in IR-induced carcinogenesis. The gut microbiome was modulated by administering broad spectrum antibiotics (Ab) in the drinking water. Mice were given Ab 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after 3 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) or for 6 weeks one month after TBI. Three weeks of Ab treatment resulted in a 98% reduction in total 16S rRNA counts for 4 out of 6 of the phylum groups detected. However, 3 more weeks of Ab treatment (6 weeks total) saw an expansion in the phylum groups Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The Ab treatment altered the bacteria diversity in the gut, and shortened the lifespan when Ab were administered before and after TBI. Mortality studies indicated that the adverse Ab lifespan effects were due to a decrease in the time in which solid tumors started to appear and not to any changes in hematopoietic or benign tumors. In contrast, when Ab were administered one month after TBI, lifespan was unchanged compared to the control TBI group. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to simulate the germ-free condition did not afford an advantage on carcinogenesis or lifespan.
Smoke promotes germination of peatland bryophyte spores
Authors: Yusup Shuayib , Sundberg Sebastian , Ooi Mark K J , Zhang Mingming , Sun Zhongqiu , Rydin Håkan , Wang Meng , Feng Lu , Chen Xu , Bu Zhao-Jun
Published: October 2022

Northern peatlands are globally important carbon stores. With increasing fire frequency, the re-establishment of bryophytes becomes crucial for their carbon sequestration. Smoke-responsive germination is a common trait of seeds in fire-prone ecosystems but has not been demonstrated in bryophytes. To investigate the potential role of smoke in post-fire peatland recovery, we tested the germination of spores of 15 bryophyte species after treatment with smoke-water. The smoke responsiveness of spores with different laboratory storage times and burial depths/age (3–200 years) was subsequently tested. Smoke increased the germination percentage for 10 of the species and the germination speed for four of these. Smoke responsiveness increased along the fire frequency gradient from open expanse to forest margin, consistent with the theory that this selects for the maintenance of fire-adapted traits. Smoke enhanced the germinability of 1-year but not 4-year laboratory-stored spores, and considerably increased the germinability of spores naturally buried in peat for up to ~200 years. The effect of fire may be overlooked in non-fire-prone ecosystems, such as those in which wetland bryophytes dominate. Our study reveals a mechanism by which an increase in fire frequency may lead to shifts in species dominance, which may affect long-term carbon sequestration in peatlands.
The jet apparent motion and central engine study of Fermi blazars
Authors: Xiao H B , Zhu J T , Fan J H , Pei Z Y , Luo Z J , Zhang S H
Published: October 2022

The study of blazar jet has been performed for several decades via VLBI technique, while its generation and propagation stay unclear. In the present work, we compiled a sample of 407 VLBI detected Fermi blazars (VFBs) and studied the correlations between apparent velocity (${\rm log}\, \beta _{\rm app}$) and jet/accretion disc properties. We found a positive correlation between γ-ray luminosity (${\rm log}\, L_{\rm \gamma }$) and ${\rm log}\, \beta _{\rm app}$; the correlation suggests that the apparent motion of jet knot is related to the jet power. The correlations between ${\rm log}\, \beta ^{\rm max}_{\rm app}$ and the jet radiation power (${\rm log}\, L_{\rm rad}$), and between ${\rm log}\, \beta ^{\rm max}_{\rm app}$ and the jet extended region luminosity at 5 GHz (${\rm log}\, L_{\rm 5GHz}^{\rm ext}$), which is an indicator of jet kinetic power, reveal that the knots apparent motion is correlated with both jet radiation power and the kinetic power. But this indication is not held for flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQs) in terms of the correlation ${\rm log}\, L_{\rm 5GHz}^{\rm ext}\, versus \, {\rm log}\, \beta ^{\rm max}_{\rm app}$. Besides, ${\rm log}\, \beta ^{\rm max}_{\rm app}$ has a moderate correlation with accretion disc luminosity (${\rm log}\, L_{\rm Disk}$) and the normalized accretion disc luminosity ${\rm log}\, (L_{\rm Disk}/L_{\rm Edd})$, which may suggest both the power of accretion disc and the accretion rate are critical to generate knots and to accelerate them. In addition, we found the VFBs have larger average values of γ-ray luminosity (${\rm log}\, L_{\rm \gamma }$), γ-ray photon index (αph), and variability index (${\rm log}\, VI$) than the rest of Fermi blazars. Through Gaussian mixture models method, we generated a criteria, ${\rm log}\, L_{\rm \gamma } \gt 45.40$, αph > 2.24, and ${\rm log}\, VI \gt 1.71$ to find VFB candidates, selected 228 VFB candidates from the rest of Fermi blazar.
Cool interstellar medium as an evolutionary tracer in ALMA-observed local dusty early-type galaxies
Authors: Glass David H W , Sansom Anne E , Davis Timothy A , Popescu Cristina C
Published: October 2022

The content and distribution of cool interstellar medium (<30 K) can indicate the evolutionary mechanisms that transform late-type to early-type galaxies (ETGs). To investigate this, ALMA observations of 12CO[2-1] line emission were obtained for five dusty ETGs from a complete sample in low-density environments. Four of the ETGs have massive (∼109 M⊙), extended molecular gas reservoirs with effective radii ∼3–5 kpc. This work provides a kinematic and structural analysis of these observations, to explore possible evolutionary mechanisms. Axisymmetric or bisymmetric kinematic models were fitted to observations of molecular gas discs, to quantify the dominant structures present and highlight additional structures or asymmetries. Integral field unit observations of these ETGs were also examined where available. Two of the ETGs, GAMA64646 and 622305, appear to have undergone tidal disturbance leading to molecular gas discs and/or star-forming inner rings. GAMA272990 may have undergone a merger, leading to an elliptical galaxy with an embedded star-forming molecular gas disc. GAMA622429 has probably undergone a minor merger, indicated by asymmetry in molecular gas distribution and disturbance in optical images. The remaining ETG, GAMA177186, was affected by source confusion from an offset source which could be a high-mass dust- and gas-rich object at high redshift. Overall, it appears that a high proportion of dusty ETGs in low-density environments have massive, extended molecular gas reservoirs, and have undergone some kind of interaction as part of their recent evolution. Secular evolution can then (re-)transform the ETGs from star-forming to passive galaxies.
Occupational rhinitis caused by hypersensitivity to black pepper
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Sotirović Jelena , Jovančević Ljiljana , Medić Sonja Peričević
Published: October 2022

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) rarely leads to allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. This is a presentation of a 52-year-old female worker exposed to black pepper dust for 10 years suffering from allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. She complained of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, and a weakened sense of smell. Clinical examination showed the bilateral presence of polypoid lesions arising from the middle turbinate. After surgery, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of inflammatory nasal polyps. Duration of exposure to black pepper and serum concentration of specific immunoglobulin E antibodies indicating work-related exposure would support a causal link between exposure to these factors and the development of chronic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Inflammatory nasal polyps may be noted in the nasal cavity in workers exposed to black pepper dust. The absence of exposure to black pepper resulted in no detectable circulating antibodies one year after the change of workplace.
Chronic Use of Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: Are We Asking the Right Question?
Authors: Rubio Jose M , Perez-Rodriguez Mercedes
Published: October 2022

There is an ongoing debate about the potential risks and benefits of long-term antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. The data for and against the chronic use of these medicines is mostly indirect, either from observational studies potentially exposed to reverse causation bias or randomized controlled studies that do not cover beyond 2–3 years. We propose that perseverating on the question of what positive or negative outcomes are causally associated with chronic antipsychotic treatment may not lead to better answers than the limited ones that we have, given the limited feasibility of more conclusive studies. Rather, we argue that addressing the research question of the risks and benefits of antipsychotic discontinuation from a perspective of personalized medicine, can be more productive and meaningful to people living with schizophrenia. To this end, research that can quantify the risk of relapse after treatment continuation for a given individual should be prioritized. We make the case that clinically feasible neuroimaging biomarkers have demonstrated promise in related paradigms, and that could be offering a way past this long debate on the risks and benefits of chronic antipsychotic use.
Academic Health Centers and the Quintuple Aim of Health Care
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. , Greer Annette G. , Bennie Scott , Hageman Heather , Pfeifle Andrea
Published: October 2022

The Quintuple Aim of health care adds health equity to the existing Quadruple Aim of improving the individual experience of care for patients, improving the health of populations, reducing the per capita cost of care, and improving the experience of health care professionals. Health equity has previously been subsumed within the other 4 aims. Elevating health equity to the status of a distinct aim is necessary to address persistent health inequities that disproportionately affect underrepresented and minoritized groups. Academic health centers (AHCs) bear a unique responsibility to advance health equity due to the societal importance of their 4 missions: patient care, education, research, and community collaboration. Interprofessional education and practice provide natural connection points that enable AHCs to prepare both health professions students and practicing health care professionals to address all 5 aims. AHCs are well positioned to assess health outcomes related to health equity, develop a health care workforce that is representative of their communities, develop innovative research questions regarding health equity, and engage and invest in the communities they serve.
Early CRP Trends in Childhood Osteomyelitis Predict Complicated Disease
Authors: Hunter Sarah , Baker Joseph F.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) remains a cause of severe illness among children. Contemporary research aims to identify predictors of acute and chronic complications. Trends in C-reactive protein (CRP) after treatment initiation may predict disease course. We have sought to identify factors associated with acute and chronic complications in the New Zealand population.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all patients younger than16 years with presumed AHO presenting to a tertiary referral centre between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Multivariate was analysis used to identify factors associated with an acute or chronic complication. An “acute” complication was defined as the need for 2 or more surgical procedures, a hospital stays longer than 14 days, or recurrence despite intravenous antibiotics. A “chronic” complication was defined as growth or limb length discrepancy, avascular necrosis, chronic osteomyelitis, pathologic fracture, frozen joint, or dislocation.

Results:

One hundred fifty-one cases met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 8 years (69.5% male). Within this cohort, 53 (34%) experienced an acute complication and 18 (12%) a chronic complication. Regression analysis showed that contiguous disease, delayed presentation, and failure to reduce CRP by 50% at day 4/5 predicted an acutely complicated disease course. Chronic complication was predicted by the need for surgical management and failed CRP reduction by 50% at day 4/5.

Conclusions:

CRP trends over 96 hours after the commencement of treatment differentiate patients with AHO likely to experience severe disease.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, retrospective study
Reoperation and Perioperative Complications after Surgical Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Comparison between Three Procedures
Authors: Nayak Rusheel , Razzouk Jacob , Ramos Omar , Ruckle David , Chiu Anthony , Parel Philip , Stoll William , Patel Shalin , Thakkar Savyasachi , Danisa Olumide A.
Published: October 2022

Study Design.

A retrospective database study.

Objective.

The purpose of our study was to compare the perioperative complications and reoperation rates after ACDF, CDA, and PCF in patients treated for cervical radiculopathy.

Summary of Background Data.

Cervical radiculopathy results from compression or irritation of nerve roots in the cervical spine. While most cervical radiculopathy is treated nonoperatively, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), and posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) are the techniques most commonly used if operative intervention is indicated. There is limited research evaluating the perioperative complications of these surgical techniques.

Methods.

A retrospective review was performed using the PearlDiver Patient Record Database to identify cases of cervical radiculopathy that underwent ACDF, CDA, or PCF at 1 or 2 levels from 2007 to 2016. Perioperative complications and reoperations following each of the procedures were assessed.

Results.

During the study period, 25,051 patients underwent ACDF, 522 underwent CDA, and 3,986 underwent PCF. After propensity score matching, each of the three groups consisted of 507 patients. Surgical site infection rates were highest after PCF (2.17%) compared with ACDF (0.20%) and CDA (0.59%) at 30-days and 3-months, P=0.003, P<0.001 respectively. New onset cervicalgia was highest following ACDF (34.32%) and lowest after PCF (22.88%) at 3- and 6-months, P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively. Revision surgeries were highest among those who underwent CDA (6.90%) versus ACDF (3.16%) and PCF (3.55%) at 6-months, P=0.007. Limb paralysis was significantly higher after PCF compared to CDA and ACDF at 6-months, P<0.017.

Conclusion.

The rate of surgical site infection was higher in PCF compared to ACDF and CDA. New-onset cervicalgia was higher after ACDF compared to PCF and CDA at short term follow up. Revision surgeries were highest among those undergoing CDA and lowest in those undergoing ACDF.

Level of Evidence.

3
Laparoscopic Versus Abdominal Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Fuyun , Song Xiaomei
Published: October 2022

Background:

Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and open abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) have been used for cervical cancer treatment. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of LRH and ARH in the treatment of cervical cancer to provide reliable evidence to the clinical cervical cancer treatment.

Methods:

Two investigators independently searched PubMed and other databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LRH and ARH for cervical cancer treatment up to May 31, 2022. The risk of bias assessment tool recommended by Cochrane library was used for quality assessment. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results:

Fourteen RCTs with a total of 1700 patients with cervical cancer were finally included. Meta-analyses indicated that compared with ARH, LRH reduced the intraoperative blood loss (mean difference [MD]=−58.08; 95% CI, −70.91, −45.24), the time to first passage of flatus (MD=−14.50; 95% CI, −16.55, −12.44) (all P<0.05), and increase the number of lymph nodes removed (MD=3.47; 95% CI, 0.51, 6.43; P=0.02). There were no significant differences in the duration of surgery (MD=27.62; 95% CI, −6.26, 61.49), intraoperative complications (odd ratio [OR]=1.10; 95% CI, 0.17, 7.32), postoperative complications (OR=0.78; 95% CI, 0.33, 1.86), relapse rate (OR=1.45; 95% CI, 0.56, 3.74), and survival rate (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.52, 1.08) between LRH group and ARH group (all P>0.05).

Conclusions:

LRH has more advantages over ARH in the treatment of cervical cancer. Still, the long-term effects and safety of LRH and ARH need more high-quality, large-sample RCTs to be further verified.
Factors Associated With Lymph Node Yield and Effects of Lymph Node Density on Survival of Patients With Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Liying , Huang Tao , Li Li , Feng Aozi , He Ningxia , Li Shuna , Lyu Jun
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with lymph node yield (LNY) during surgeries for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) and to determine effects of lymph node density (LND) on the overall survival (OS) of patients with PSC.

Materials and Methods:

The SEER Research Plus database was searched for data on patients with PSC from 1988 to 2018. Poisson regression was used of all patients with PSC to identify relevant factors associated with LNY. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were adopted for lymph node (LN)-positive patients to evaluate the impact of LND on OS. The 5-year OS rates of patients with PSC were compared based on their LN status and LND.

Results:

There were 545 eligible patients in the study sample, 175 of which were LN-positive. These patients had significantly lower 5-year OS than those with no positive LNs (P<0.001). Poisson regression analysis indicated relevant factors increasing LNY included higher diagnosis age, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native races, larger tumor, pleomorphic carcinoma histology, and more advanced disease stages. The Cox regression analysis indicated higher LND (P=0.022) was probably associated with a worse prognosis for LN-positive patients. The group with LND ≥0.12 had a higher risk of death than the group with LND <0.12 (P<0.001) among LN-positive patients with PSC.

Conclusions:

Patients with PSC with high LND experienced worse outcomes than those with low LND. Further risk stratification of patients with PSC may help to improve survival benefits based on prognostic indicators of LND.
Selective Fetal Growth Restriction in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Mazer Zumaeta Alicia , Gil María Mar , Rodríguez-Fernández Miguel , Carretero Pilar , Ochoa José Hector , Casanova María Cristina , Molina Francisca Sonia
Published: October 2022

Selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) is a severe condition that complicates 10% to 15% of all monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies. Pregnancies complicated with sFGR are at high risk of intrauterine demise or adverse perinatal outcome for the twins. Three clinical types have been described according to the umbilical artery (UA) Doppler pattern observed in the smaller twin: type I, when the UA Doppler is normal; type II, when there is persistent absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow in the UA Doppler; and type III, when there is intermittent absent and/or reversed end-diastolic blood flow in the UA Doppler. Clinical evolution and management options mainly depend on the type of sFGR. Type I is usually associated with a good prognosis and is managed conservatively. There is no consensus on the management of types II and III, but in earlier and more severe presentations, fetal interventions such as selective laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses or selective fetal cord occlusion of the smaller twin may be considered. This review aims to provide updated information about the diagnosis, evaluation, follow-up, and management of sFGR in MCDA twin pregnancies.
Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence: Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ye Xiaoqing , Wang Jiayan , Lu Jing , Li Nan , Ding Wenping , Fu Yuxia , Chen Min
Published: October 2022

Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, a severe and unique complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancy, is characterized by vascular anastomosis and abnormal or absent cardiac development in the twins. This article reviewed its pathogenesis, prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, and management. The pump twin’s chances for survival can be maximized by proper management. The optimal timing of the interventions remains a debate, although the latest studies encourage early intervention, i.e., in the first trimester. The most preferred approach is to interrupt the vascular supply to the acardius, such as through ultrasound-guided laser coagulation and radiofrequency ablation of the intrafetal vessels.
Genetic Polymorphisms in SLCO2B1 and ABCC1 Conjointly Modulate Atorvastatin Intracellular Accumulation in HEK293 Recombinant Cell Lines
Authors: Hoste Emilia , Paquot Adrien , Panin Nadtha , Horion Shaleena , El Hamdaoui Halima , Muccioli Giulio G. , Haufroid Vincent , Elens Laure
Published: October 2022

Background:

Although atorvastatin (ATV) is well-tolerated, patients may report muscle complaints. These are difficult to predict owing to high interindividual variability. Such side effects are linked to intramuscular accumulation of ATV. This study aimed to investigate the relative role of transporters expressed in muscle tissue in promoting or limiting drug access to cells. The impact of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO2B1 coding for OATP2B1 and ABCC1 coding for MRP1 on ATV transport was also evaluated.

Methods:

HEK293 cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing cDNA encoding wild-type or variant SLCO2B1 and/or ABCC1 to generate single and double stable transfectant HEK293 recombinant models overexpressing variant or wild-type OATP2B1 (influx) and/or MRP1 (efflux) proteins. Variant plasmids were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Expression analyses were performed to validate recombinant models. Accumulation and efflux experiments were performed at different concentrations. ATV was quantified by LC-MS/MS, and kinetic parameters were compared between single and double HEK transfectants expressing wild-type and variant proteins.

Results:

The results confirm the involvement of OATP2B1 and MRP1 in ATV cellular transport because it was demonstrated that intracellular accumulation of ATV was boosted by OATP2B1 overexpression, whereas ATV accumulation was decreased by MRP1 overexpression. In double transfectants, it was observed that increased ATV intracellular accumulation driven by OATP2B1 influx was partially counteracted by MRP1 efflux. The c.935G > A SNP in SLCO2B1 was associated with decreased ATV OATP2B1-mediated influx, whereas the c.2012G > T SNP in ABCC1 seemed to increase MRP1 efflux activity against ATV.

Conclusions:

Intracellular ATV accumulation is regulated by OATP2B1 and MRP1 transporters, whose functionality is modulated by natural genetic variants. This is significant because it may play a role in ATV muscle side-effect susceptibility.