bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flucloxacillin bone and soft tissue concentrations assessed by microdialysis in pigs after intravenous and oral administration
Authors: Bendtsen Mathias A. F. , Bue Mats , Hanberg Pelle , Slater Josefine , Thomassen Maja B. , Hansen Jakob , Søballe Kjeld , Öbrink-Hansen Kristina , Stilling Maiken
Published: January 2021

Aims

Flucloxacillin is commonly administered intravenously for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, while oral administration is typical for prophylaxis following smaller traumatic wounds. We assessed the time, for which the free flucloxacillin concentration was maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration ( fT > MIC) for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in soft and bone tissue, after intravenous and oral administration, using microdialysis in a porcine model.

Methods

A total of 16 pigs were randomly allocated to either intravenous (Group IV) or oral (Group PO) flucloxacillin 1 g every six hours during a 24-hour period. Microdialysis was used for sampling in cancellous and cortical bone, subcutaneous tissue, and the knee joint. In addition, plasma was sampled. The flucloxacillin fT > MIC was evaluated using a low MIC target (0.5 μg/ml) and a high MIC target (2.0 μg/ml).

Results

Intravenous administration resulted in longer fT > MIC (0.5 μg/ml) compared to oral administration, except for cortical bone. In Group IV, all pigs reached a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml in all compartments. The mean fT > MIC (0.5 μg/ml) was 149 minutes (95% confidence interval (CI) 119 to 179; range 68 to 323) in subcutaneous tissue and 61 minutes (95% CI 29 to 94; range 0 to 121) to 106 minutes (95% CI 76 to 136; range 71 to 154) in bone tissue. In Group PO, 0/8 pigs reached a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml in all compartments. For the high MIC target (2.0 μg/ml), fT > MIC was close to zero minutes in both groups across compartments.

Conclusion

Although intravenous administration of flucloxacillin 1 g provided higher fT > MIC for the low MIC target compared to oral administration, concentrations were surprisingly low, particularly for bone tissue. Achievement of sufficient bone and soft tissue flucloxacillin concentrations may require a dose increase or continuous administration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):60–67.
Hatte Nottebohm recht?
Authors: Büsing Otfried
Published: January 2021

Darauf bezugnehmend: Thomas Daniel: Hatte Nottebohm unrecht? Zur unvollendeten Fuga a 3 Soggetti aus Bachs Kunst der Fuge. BJ 2016, S. 45-55

Otfried Büsing: Kurze Duplik auf Thomas Daniels Replik zu "Hatte Nottebohm recht?" BJ 2016, S. 57-62
OCT-GAN: single step shadow and noise removal from optical coherence tomography images of the human optic nerve head
Authors: Cheong Haris , Krishna Devalla Sripad , Chuangsuwanich Thanadet , Tun Tin A. , Wang Xiaofei , Aung Tin , Schmetterer Leopold , Buist Martin L. , Boote Craig , Thiéry Alexandre H. , Girard Michaël J. A.
Published: January 2021

Speckle noise and retinal shadows within OCT B-scans occlude important edges, fine textures and deep tissues, preventing accurate and robust diagnosis by algorithms and clinicians. We developed a single process that successfully removed both noise and retinal shadows from unseen single-frame B-scans within 10.4ms. Mean average gradient magnitude (AGM) for the proposed algorithm was 57.2% higher than current state-of-the-art, while mean peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and structural similarity index metric (SSIM) increased by 11.1%, 154% and 187% respectively compared to single-frame B-scans. Mean intralayer contrast (ILC) improvement for the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), photoreceptor layer (PR) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layers decreased from 0.362 ± 0.133 to 0.142 ± 0.102, 0.449 ± 0.116 to 0.0904 ± 0.0769, 0.381 ± 0.100 to 0.0590 ± 0.0451 respectively. The proposed algorithm reduces the necessity for long image acquisition times, minimizes expensive hardware requirements and reduces motion artifacts in OCT images.
Two-dimensional phase cartography for high-harmonic spectroscopy
Authors: Camper Antoine , Skantzakis Emmanouil , Géneaux Romain , Risoud François , English Elizabeth , Diveki Zsolt , Lin Nan , Gruson Vincent , Auguste Thierry , Carré Bertrand , Lucchese Robert R. , Maquet Alfred , Taïeb Richard , Caillat Jérémie , Ruchon Thierry , Salières Pascal
Published: January 2021

Extremely nonlinear spectroscopy based on high-order-harmonic generation has become a powerful investigation method for attosecond dynamics in gas and solid targets. In particular, the phase of harmonic emission was shown to carry profound insight into atomic and molecular structure and dynamics. However, current techniques offer phase measurements only along specific directions, thus providing partial characterization. Here we report on a new approach combining optical and quantum interferometers measuring along two dimensions the intensity and phase of harmonic emission from aligned molecules in the exact same experimental conditions. This two-dimensional cartography technique measures the phase with no arbitrary offset and no uncertainty on its sign. Measurements along different dimensions can be combined in two ways: either a single mapping or a redundant mapping allowing high-precision phase recovery using a Shack–Hartmann-like algorithm. We demonstrate both methods in a nitrogen test case, which allows disentangling structural and dynamical effects. Two-dimensional phase cartography paves the way to high-resolution high-harmonic spectroscopy for applications such as quantum orbital tomography and attosecond charge migration in molecules.
Optical fiber SPR biosensor complying with a 3D composite hyperbolic metamaterial and a graphene film
Authors: Li Can , Gao Jinjuan , Shafi Muhammad , Liu Runcheng , Zha Zhipeng , Feng Dejun , Liu Mei , Du Xuejian , Yue Weiwei , Jiang Shouzhen
Published: January 2021

In the present study, an optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for measuring time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics. Its design complies with a 3D

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multilayer composite hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), a graphene film, and a D-shaped plastic optical fiber. According to the numerical simulation and the experimental demonstration, the SPR peak of the designed biosensor can be effectively altered in the range of visible to near-infrared by varying the HMM structure. The sensitivity of the appliance was shown to achieve a value of up to 4461 nm/RIU, allowing its applicability for bulk refractive index sensing. Furthermore, a biosensor designed in this work displayed high-resolution capability (ranging from 10 pM to 100 nM), good linearity, and high repeatability along with a detection limit down to 10 pM, thus suggesting a vast potential for medical diagnostics and clinical applications.
Do truth-telling oaths improve honesty in crowd-working?
Authors: Jacquemet Nicolas , James Alexander G. , Luchini Stéphane , Murphy James J. , Shogren Jason F.
Published: January 2021

This study explores whether an oath to honesty can reduce both shirking and lying among crowd-sourced internet workers. Using a classic coin-flip experiment, we first confirm that a substantial majority of Mechanical Turk workers both shirk and lie when reporting the number of heads flipped. We then demonstrate that lying can be reduced by first asking each worker to swear voluntarily on his or her honor to tell the truth in subsequent economic decisions. Even in this online, purely anonymous environment, the oath significantly reduced the percent of subjects telling “big” lies (by roughly 27%), but did not affect shirking. We also explore whether a truth-telling oath can be used as a screening device if implemented after decisions have been made. Conditional on flipping response, MTurk shirkers and workers who lied were significantly less likely to agree to an ex-post honesty oath. Our results suggest oaths may help elicit more truthful behavior, even in online crowd-sourced environments.
Mariela SZWARCBERG. Mobilizing Poor Voters. Machine Politics, Clientelism, and Social Networks in Argentina. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 175 pp. ISBN: 978-1-107-11408-1.
Authors: Rivas Otero José Manuel
Published: January 2021

El clientelismo es un tema habitual en las investigaciones sobre América Latina que ha sido estudiado por diversas disciplinas y enfoques. El trabajo que aquí se presenta aborda este fenómeno desde la ciencia política y la teoría de los incentivos perversos, definiéndolo como una estrategia de movilización en la que los políticos solucionan o prometen solucionar los problemas de los votantes a cambio de su apoyo. Su objetivo de es explorar los mecanismos que explican la consolidación paralela del clientelismo y la democracia en Argentina mediante el análisis de redes, esto es, estudiando las relaciones entre punteros y votantes, y entre punteros y líderes políticos.
Secuencias políticas y estabilización de la competencia partidista: volatilidad electoral en viejas y nuevas democracias
Authors: Mainwaring Scott , Zoco Edurne
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Este artículo examina por qué algunas democracias y semidemocracias desarrollan sistemas de partidos relativamente estables, mientras que otras continúan envueltas en altos niveles de volatilidad electoral. Éste es el primer análisis amplio a nivel comparado regional cross-regional de volatilidad electoral, basado en la información más extensa recolectada sobre el tema. Nuestro hallazgo más original es que los regímenes competitivos inaugurados en períodos tempranos tienen mucha menos volatilidad electoral que aquellos inaugurados más recientemente, incluso controlando una variedad de otros factores que se ha considerado que afectan la volatilidad electoral. Los partidos tenían funciones muy distintas según el momento en que la democracia fue inaugurada y estas diferencias congénitas tuvieron efectos de largo plazo en la estabilización de la competencia partidista. Lo que importa en cuanto a la estabilización de la competencia es cuándo la democracia nació, no cuán antigua es. Nuestros resultados apoyan las aproximaciones de las ciencias sociales que enfatizan las secuencias históricas y el path dependency.ABSTRACT: This article examines why some democracies and semi-democracies develop relatively stable party systems, while others continue to be roiled by high levels of electoral volatility. It is the first broadly cross-regional analysis of electoral volatility, and it is based on the most extensive data assembled on electoral volatility. Our most original finding is that competitive regimes inaugurated in earlier periods have much lower electoral volatility than regimes inaugurated more recently, even controlling for a variety of other factors that have been hypothesized to affect electoral volatility. Parties had very different functions according to when democracy was inaugurated, and these congenital differences had longterm effects on the stabilization of party competition. What matters for the stabilization of party competition is when democracy was born, not how old it is. Our results support social science approaches that emphasize historical sequences and path dependence.
El largo compromiso de Canadá con Cuba: paradojas y posibilidades
Authors: Legler Thomas , Baranyi Stephen
Published: January 2021

Tanto la Unión Europea como América Latina, e incluso Estados Unidos, han iniciado distintos procesos de diálogo con Cuba. ¿Cuáles lecciones relevantes se pueden extraer de la larga historia canadiense de compromiso con la Revolución Cubana? Este artículo documenta la evolución de las relaciones entre Canadá y Cuba desde la década de 1940, centrándose en sus altibajos desde que se lanzó, a mediados de la década de 1990, una política de «compromiso constructivo ». Se argumenta que este acercamiento (en sus diversas formas) no ha tenido mayor influencia en la liberalización de la política cubana. Además, la poca influencia que Canadá pudo haber tenido durante el «Periodo Especial» ha disminuido con la recuperación económica y diversificación de las relaciones exteriores de Cuba en la última década. En ese sentido, los autores concluyen que la estrategia más apropiada para Canadá y otros «actores» es llevar a cabo un acercamiento coordinado y de largo plazo que brinde apoyo a una variedad de procesos endógenos de cambio en Cuba. Una estrategia realista debería incluir diálogo de bajo perfil con el régimen actual, cooperación con un amplio espectro de posibles reformadores dentro y fuera del Estado y apoyo para la realización de cambios sociales más extensos a través del comercio, la inversión extranjera, el turismo así como los intercambios académicos y culturales
Criminalización de la protesta en Argentina. Una construcción de lo delictivo más allá de la esfera jurídica
Authors: Artese Matías
Published: January 2021

Este artículo trata sobre la penalización de una de las modalidades más representativas que adquirió el conflicto social en Argentina durante la década de 1990: el corte de rutas. Nos detendremos en el estudio de tres casos caracterizados por esta metodología de protesta, por los objetivos del reclamo –problemas salariales y laborales– y porque desarrollaron una alta intensidad en los enfrentamientos con las fuerzas de seguridad estatales. Junto a las acciones legales aplicadas a integrantes de esta clase de protestas, existió una construcción de sentido basada en interpretaciones estigmatizantes difundidas en los medios de información masiva. El objetivo será indagar las características centrales de esos mensajes que condenaron el derecho básico al reclamo y que criminalizaron la protesta junto a la penalización institucional.
Accountability horizontal en el Legislativo brasileño: mecanismos legales y actividades políticas
Authors: Herrmann De Oliveira Luzia Helena
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: En Brasil, los mecanismos de accountability horizontal implantados con la Constitución de 1988 garantizan al Legislativo una serie de prerrogativas, como pedidos de información, convocatoria de ministros, propuestas de fiscalización y control (PFC) y comisión parlamentaria de investigación (CPI). Desde la instauración de la democracia, innumerables veces esos instrumentos han sido activados en virtud de crisis políticas. Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar el desarrollo de la accountability horizontal en Brasil, buscando dialogar con las corrientes teóricas y presentar datos nuevos sobre la efectiva actividad de control en estas casi dos décadas de democracia. ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the horizontal accountability mechanisms established with the Constitution of 1988 guarantee a series of prerrogatives to the Legislative power such as: inquiries, convocation of ministers, inspection and control proposals (PFC) and parliamentary investigation committees (CPI). Since the reestablishment of democracy these instruments have been used due to political crises. The purpose of this article is to analyze the horizontal accountability development in Brazil, intending to dialogue with the current theories and with the purpose of presenting new data about the real control activity developed in these nearly two decades of democracy.
Inmigración y propiedad de la vivienda: los casos de California y España, 2001-2006
Authors: López Colás Julián , Módenes Cabrerizo Juan Antonio , Yépez Martínez Brenda
Published: January 2021

En los últimos años California y España, dos contextos donde predomina la tenencia de la vivienda en propiedad, han recibido un gran volumen de inmigrantes y han experimentado una burbuja inmobiliaria que ha acabado por desinflarse. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la propiedad de la vivienda de los extranjeros en ambos contextos entre 2001 y 2006, considerándola como un indicador de integración de los inmigrantes en las sociedades de acogida. Otros objetivos, derivados del anterior, son determinar la influencia de la nacionalidad en la propiedad de la vivienda y analizar cómo influyen los factores sociodemográficos para que nacionales y extranjeros vivan en propiedad. La modelización de las variables sociodemográficas muestra que entre 2001 y 2006 la propensión a vivir en propiedad de los extranjeros es inferior a la de los nacionales y, lo que es más importante, que el sistema residencial español les exige más esfuerzo que el californiano para vivir en propiedad.
Sistema de partidos y cambio democrático: aproximaciones al caso dominicano
Authors: Lozano Wilfredo
Published: January 2021

Se analizan las transformaciones de los partidos políticos y del sistema de partidos, tras la desaparición de los líderes fundadores de los tres principales partidos políticos modernos: Bosch (PLD), Peña Gómez (PRD) y Balaguer (PRSC). Se analizan los procesos constitutivos del sistema de partidos y los estilos de liderazgo. Se discute la relación del sistema de partidos con el Estado, destacando su ascendiente neopatrimonialista y la función del clientelismo. Finalmente, se proponen algunas notas destacando el proceso de formación de una élite neopatrimonialista y el manejo clientelar de la política electoral.
La sacralización del consenso nacional y las pugnas por la memoria histórica y la justicia en el Uruguay posdictatorial
Authors: Roniger Luis
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo se propone analizar el peso relativo de los poderes institucionales y la sociedad civil dentro de la constelación de fuerzas que bregaron por definir políticas de justicia transicional y configurar la memoria histórica de la sociedad uruguaya y que, en una larga serie de parciales intentos, eventualmente abrieron nuevos espacios de institucionalidad para el establecimiento tardío de responsabilidad legal y rendición de cuentas por las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en el Uruguay en el marco de la Guerra Fría.
Actitudes y opiniones políticas de los informales en América Latina
Authors: Temkin Yedwab Benjamín , Penagos Vásquez Diana Paola
Published: January 2021

A pesar de que la informalidad laboral ha sido identificada desde hace años como un asunto central para la política pública de todos los países de América Latina, es aún muy escasa la información sobre las características del empleo informal en diferentes esferas. El objetivo central de este trabajo es identificar las opiniones y actitudes políticas de los trabajadores informales en América Latina y compararlas con las de sus contrapartes formales. A través de una variable ‹‹proxi›› para identificar a los participantes informales en la fuerza de trabajo, en dos encuestas de opinión que se aplican a un conjunto amplio de países en la región, fue posible comprobar que los informales latinoamericanos constituyen un grupo social con opiniones y actitudes políticas significativamente contrastantes con las de los participantes formales en la fuerza de trabajo.
Carpe Diem: el incipit como espacio fantástico en los cuentos de Abelardo Castillo
Authors: Menczel Gabriella
Published: January 2021

El artículo propone un acercamiento narratológico-hermenéutico a los inicios textuales de los relatos de Abelardo Castillo, completado con algunas posibles lecturas de la estética de la recepción (Iser, 2001). A través del análisis detallado del cuento titulado “Carpe Diem”, publicado en el volumen Las maquinarias de la noche (Castillo, 1992), se presenta la estrategia narrativa puesta en marcha desde el incipit discursivo que lleva en sí los gérmenes de las instancias fundamentales del universo creado.
YOUTH INNOVATIVENESS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE "GENOTYPE — PERSONALITY — ENVIRONMENT" CONCEPTION
Authors: Dubina I. N. , Bogomaz S. A.
Published: January 2021

This paper, which has a problem-setting character, actualizes and analyzes the problem of innovativeness of young people in Russia. The authors consider this problem in the framework of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to study the interconnectedness of genetic and «environmentally-related» factors of forming personal and professional orientation to innovation. The study of this problem involves the identification of the genetic and environmental economic, social and cultural factors and predictors youth readiness for innovative activities based on comparative socioeconomic, sociocultural, psychodiagnostic and molecular genetic analysis. Understanding the factors and mechanisms of the formation and development of innovativeness is an important research objective that goes also into practical terms, in particular, in the study and implementation of intellectual and innovation potential of regions and territories. Further studies of this problem may contribute to the improvement and refinement of the theoretical concepts of innovativeness and the development of effective methods for empowering personal innovativeness and enhancing the involvement of modern youth in research, entrepreneurial and innovation activities.
IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
Authors: Tarabukina T. V.
Published: January 2021

The arcile descuites the features of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic, including based on the SWOT analysis of its agro-food sector. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of integration in the conditions of the Northern region, identifies opportunities and threats, formed the principles for the formation and functioning of a product cluster. The algorithm determining the priority directions of development of clusters in the Northern region, allows to deepen the system displays the development of agricultural production in rural areas and includes the following areas: analysis of the status and dynamics of development of agricultural production in the region; the allocation of typological groups; assessment of the influence of the main values of the factors on agricultural production; analysis of the development of processing industries; matrix analysis definition of priority directions of development of the cluster; the formation of potential product clusters.
The Origins and Development of Textile Culture in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals
Authors: P. Ankusheva
Published: January 2021

At the turn of the 3rd / 2nd millennium BC textile artifacts (fabric impressions on ceramics and organic samples) were widespread in the Southern Urals. The paper is devoted to identifying the possible origins of the Sintashta and Alakul textile technologies by comparing them with the data about the products from adjacent territorial and chronological frames. The comparison criteria are the components of the textile culture (raw materials, technology, decoration and application), according to which the sources of the Trans-Ural Eneolithic, Yamnaya, Catacomb, Andronovo communities are systematized. Such innovative technologies as weaving, woolen threads, madder dyeing were first noted in the South Trans-Urals in the Sintashta materials and find their closest parallels in the catacomb materials. The Sintashta, Petrovka and Alakul antiquities demonstrate a single textile technology, organically integrated into the Srubno-Andronovo “world” of steppe and forest-steppe cattle-breeding cultures of Northern Eurasia.
Úton egy fenntartható gazdasági paradigma felé – A komplexitás befogadása a hálózati elméleteken keresztül (Towards a sustainable economic paradigm – Acceptance of the complexity through network theories)
Authors: Köves Alexandra , Mandják Tibor
Published: January 2021

Mára elkerülhetetlennek tűnik a gondolati váltás a gazdaságtudományok területén annak érdekében, hogy közelebb kerüljünk a hármas (gazdasági, társadalmi, környezeti) válságot előidéző problémák megoldásaihoz. A szerzők cikkükben amellett érvelnek, hogy a komplexitás befogadása kezdeti törekvésként értelmezhető azon az úton, amely a mindennapokban érzékelhető társadalmi és ökológiai problémák megoldásához vezet. Már léteznek olyan gazdaság- és vállalatelméletek, amelyek kezdik megkérdőjelezni az eddigi főáramú koncepciókat, és készek arra, hogy elveiket, elméleteiket a működési környezet bonyolultságát elfogadva alakítsák ki, és így találjanak mindennapos megoldásokat a gazdasági működésben. Ilyen például – a cikkben szereplő – IMP (Industrial Marketing and Purchasing) csoport hálózatelmélete. A szerzők azt kívánják bemutatni, hogy az ilyen hálózatelméletek alkalmasak arra, hogy a vállalatközi szférán túl is befolyásolják azt, ahogyan a vállalatok döntéseiket meghozzák és kapcsolataikat kezelik. ______ Today, it seems inevitable change of thought in the field of economics in order to get closer to solutions of problems which induced the triple (economic, social, environmental) crisis. In their article, the authors argue that the reception of complexity can be interpreted as an initial effort on the path that leads to the solutions of the everyday perceived social and ecological problems. The authors aim to present that the IMP (Industrial Marketing and Purchasing) group network theory is able to influence beyond the sphere of inter-company, that companies take their decisions and their relationships are treated.
A ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL RUMO A FORMAÇÃO EM SEXUALIDADE E GÊNERO: EXPLORANDO AS MOTIVAÇÕES DE PROFISSIONAIS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Blankenheim Thaís , Ramos Natacha Fuhr , Pizzinato Adolfo , Costa Angelo Brandelli
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo se propõe a explorar e discutir as motivações de profissionais da Educação Infantil para a formação e capacitação nas temáticas de sexualidade e gênero. Um questionário foi respondido por 96 participantes e as respostas foram analisadas através da frequência de palavras e de análise temática. Dos resultados emergiram dois principais temas para discussão: 1) a falta de conhecimento sobre sexualidade e gênero e 2) os atravessamentos da temática no contexto da Educação Infantil. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de capacitação/formação de professoras/es nessas temáticas é necessário para embasar as suas práticas cotidianas, proporcionar maior segurança em suas intervenções diárias - considerando a atual posição de vulnerabilidade dessas/es profissionais – e garantir a proteção dos direitos das crianças e das famílias que integram as instituições escolares.
A TORMENTA CHEGA AO SUL: O MOVIMENTO ANTIGÊNERO NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL (2014-2019)
Authors: Barzotto Carlos Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Partindo do cenário de crescente avanço contra a inclusão de gênero e sexualidade nas políticas públicas educacionais, este artigo tem como objetivo questionar quais os efeitos da proliferação do discurso antigênero no Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram buscadas as ações legislativas antigênero em políticas públicas educacionais no estado desde a aprovação do Plano Nacional de Educação. A partir dos estudos pós-estruturalistas, foi argumentado aqui que a retórica antigênero permite alterar relações de poder-saber no estado, legitimando posições religiosas no espaço público a partir de argumentações semi-biológicas e/ou semi-seculares. Além disso, argumentou-se também nesse artigo que o caso gaúcho é um exemplo da (re)configuração de uma cidadania religiosa, cuja ação da religião na política está pautada em contrariedade às temáticas de gênero e de sexualidade nas políticas públicas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ideologia de Gênero. Estudos de Gênero. Cidadania religiosa. Rio Grande do Sul.
VERSATILE CHIRP SINE GENERATOR ON FIXED-POINT FPGA
Authors: Kunz Jan , Beneš Petr
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with a logarithmic and a linear chirp sine generation on a fixed-point FPGA mainly for vibration testing, nevertheless, the generator can also be used in other areas. A basic overview of the logarithmic chirp sine signal is provided. Then, methods of software signal generation as well as different hardware platforms are briefly described and their pros and cons are mentioned. A DDS generator on FPGA needs the phase difference between samples as an input. This generation for the logarithm chirp sine signal is presented, and its resolution, errors and limitations on fixed-point arithmetic are revealed. Our implementation runs on Compact RIO 9067, uses 32-bit fixed-point and is able to generate linear and logarithm chirp signals from 10 Hz to 7 kHz with a minimum chirp speed of 1 oct/min.
ANALYSES OF WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY LASER CUTTING OF AW-3103 ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Authors: Loskot Jan , Zubko Maciej , Janikowski Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

In the presented research, the methods of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were applied to analyse the powder waste obtained by cutting of AW-3103 aluminium alloy using a fibre laser. The scanning electron microscopy allows to analyse the morphology of the waste microparticles, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed their chemical composition, which was compared with the composition of the original cut material. In the waste powder, mainly plate-like particles were observed that contain almost pure aluminium. X-ray powder diffraction measurements confirmed that the waste powder is composed of aluminium phase with only a slight presence of other phases (magnetite, austenite and graphite) and the transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of nanoscale particles in this waste powder. Furthermore, it was found that the average size of the microparticles depends on the thickness of the cut material: particles obtained from a thicker workpiece were substantially bigger than those obtained from the thinner material. On the contrary, the dimensions of the workpiece have only a little impact on the particles’ shape and no significant influence on their chemical composition. The results also suggest that the microparticles could be used as an input material for powder metallurgy. But there is also a certain health risk connected with inhalation of such tiny particles, especially the nanoparticles, which can penetrate deep into the human pulmonary system.
USING TEXTILE ARAMID FABRICS TO INCREASE THE BALLISTIC RESISTANCE OF ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE STEEL-FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Mára Michal , Sovják Radoslav , Fornůsek Jindřich
Published: January 2021

Thin plates made of Ultra-High-Performance Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPSFRC) with textile Aramid fabrics were subjected to a projectile impact and its post-test damage was discussed. The damage degrees were the type of the response and crater surface, which was determined by using a 3D scanner. The most common type of ammunition, which is a 7.62 × 39mm calibre with a full-metal jacket and a mild-steel core, was used for all specimens.
It was verified experimentally that the UHP-SFRC with textile Aramid fabrics has a better ballistic performance in comparison with its counterpart made of the UHP-SFRC without any textile reinforcement. Also, it was verified that specimens with the point or segment interconnection threads between the front side textile fabrics and rear side textile fabrics have a higher resistance due to the better integrity of the monolithic UHP-SFRC mixture.
Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography: comparison with CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System in patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hwang Jeong Ah , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Min Ji Hye , Kim Yeun-Yoon , Heo Nam Hun , Lim Hyo Keun
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features using Sonazoid for liver nodules with Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categories and to identify the usefulness of Kupffer-phase images.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 203 patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent CEUS with Sonazoid from 2013 to 2016. Nodule enhancement in the arterial, portal venous, late, and Kupffer phases; CEUS LI-RADS major features; and Kupffer-phase defects were evaluated. According to the computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) LI-RADS v2018, all nodules were assigned an LR category (n=4/33/99/67 for LR-M/3/4/5) and comparisons across LR categories were made. We defined modified CEUS LI-RADS as using Kupffer-phase defects as an alternative to late and mild washout in CEUS LI-RADS and compared the diagnostic performance for HCC.Results: On CEUS of 203 nodules, 89.6% of CT/MRI LR-5 and 85.9% of LR-4 nodules showed hyperenhancement in the arterial phase, while 57.6% of LR-3 nodules showed hyperenhancement. Among the CT/MRI LR-5 nodules that showed arterial phase hyperenhancement or isoenhancement, 59.7% showed hypoenhancing changes from the portal venous phase, 23.9% from the late phase, and 13.4% additionally in the Kupffer phase. The modified CEUS LI-RADS showed higher sensitivity than CEUS LI-RADS (83.2% vs. 74.2%, P=0.008) without compromising specificity (63.6% vs. 69.7%, P=0.500).Conclusion: The Kupffer phase best shows hypoenhancing changes in LR-5 lesions and is expected to improve the sensitivity for HCC in high-risk patients.
Front Matter
Authors: Wolf Kelsey
Published: January 2021

Inside cover and table of contents.
An Analysis of Offender Based Reentry Programs Impact on Crime Rates
Authors: Davis Kenneth , Grant Tameiko
Published: January 2021

This case study was based upon the crime reduction efforts of an offender-based treatment coalition in St. Johns County, Florida. The study used a multi-tool qualitative data gathering method to understand if the coalition contributed to crime reductions locally. The research findings concluded that the St. Johns County Re-entry Coalition did positively contribute to crime reductions in the county.
Into the Vicious Cycle of Precarity: Labour Market, Precarious Work, Social Vulnerability and Youth: The case of Greece within the EU context
Authors: Papadakis Nikos , Drakaki Maria , Saridaki Sofia , Dafermos Vassilis
Published: January 2021

Ιn the last decade, there has been a widespread expansion of both precarious work and precarious forms of employment (such as temporary and low-qualified jobs, seasonal and part-time jobs etc.), in which a growing share of young people work. The impact of precarious work on young people is likely to be permanent, while it seems to affect (even over-determine) their life courses. Non-smooth and early transitions into labour market are very likely to worsen progressively their long-term life chances (Lodovici & Semenza, 2012: 7). Undoubtedly, the long-lasting global economic Crisis and the subsequent Recession, has heavily affected the state of play in the labour market worldwide, provoking severe modifications both in the field of employment and countries’ social cohesion. Based on the above mentioned, the paper deals with precarious work in general, while it emphasizes precarious work among youth. It initially captures, briefly, the state of play in terms of the impact of the Crisis on the widening of the phenomenon of precarious work and then it focuses on theoretical insights and critical conceptual definitions concerning precariousness in the labour market. Further, based on secondary quantitative -data analysis, it analyses the key- parameters and facets of precarious work (focusing on youth) in the European Union and, mainly, in Greece. Additionally, it briefly presents parameters of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on precariousness in Greece. Finally, the paper explores the correlation between precarious work and social vulnerability, especially among young people.

The present paper is based on an ongoing Research Project. More specifically, this research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Precarious Work and Youth in today’s Greece: secondary quantitative analysis, qualitative filed research and research-based policy proposals” (MIS 5048510).
The influence of the domestic election cycle on the turnout for European parliamentary elections. The case of Poland
Authors: Nadolska Jadwiga
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to diagnose the causes of the increased interest shown by Poles in the European parliamentary election in 2019. From 2014 to 2019, Poles’ participation in elections to the European Parliament went up from 23.83% to 45.68%. Drawing on Europe salience theory and second-order election theory, I set out to determine whether changes in Poles’ attitudes towards the European Union led to this almost twofold increase in turnout from 2014 to 2019, or whether this trend was mainly attributable to the election cycle, that is, the coincidence in 2019 of both European and domestic parliamentary elections. My research involved an analysis of survey data (CBOS, Eurobarometr), statistical data, and the course of the European parliamentary election campaign.

During the analysis, it turned out that in the years 2014–2019 there were no significant changes in how the European Union and its institutions were perceived by Poles that could explain the dramatic increase in interest in the European election. What had the greatest impact on voter behaviour was the fact that the European election was held just several months before an election to the Polish parliament. The Polish political parties treated the European election in May as a test of support in the nation election to be held in the autumn – as a ‘quasi-first round.’ The European election campaign was heavily covered by the media, and focused on domestic issues (building up Poland’s welfare state). The ruling party’s announcement of numerous social reforms and a desire to influence the result of the ‘May round’ mobilised an above-average number of Poles to take an active part in the European election.
Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Yao Hongjuan , Wang Yongliang
Published: January 2021

Cirrhosis caused by viral and alcoholic hepatitis is an essential cause of portal hypertension (PHT). The incidence of PHT complication is directly proportional to portal venous pressure (PVP), and the clinical research of PVP and its hemodynamic indexes is of great significance for deciding the treatment strategy of PHT. Various techniques are currently being developed to decrease portal pressure but hemodynamic side effects may occur. In this article, the hemodynamic indexes of cirrhotic PHT patients were studied to explore the correlation between the index and PVP and to evaluate the clinical value of Doppler ultrasound in measuring PVP in patients with PHT. This was achieved by selecting 90 cirrhotic PHT patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in our hospital from June 2015 to September 2019. Fifty healthy people who had a physical examination in the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. The liver hemodynamic parameters of two groups were measured by Doppler ultrasound, and the cirrhotic PHT patients were graded by the Child–Pugh grading method to evaluate the liver function and measure the PVP value. The results showed that both the central portal vein velocity (PVV) and splenic vein velocity (SVV) of the PHT group were lower than those of the control group. Also, the portal vein diameter (PVD), portal venous flow and splenic vein diameter (SVD) were higher than those of the control group (all Ps < 0.05). Among liver function graded PHT patients, the PVD, PVV, SVD and SVV were significantly different (all Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the PVP of patients with liver function grades A, B and C was 38.9 ± 1.4, 40.6 ± 5.1 and 42.5 ± 4.8 cmH2O, respectively, with a significant difference. It can be concluded from this study that Doppler ultrasound can be used as a tool for clinical assessment of PHT in cirrhosis patients. Doppler ultrasound showed a good prospect in noninvasive detection of PHT in cirrhosis; however, this technique needs application on large sample population study to validate the results.
Multicultural powers of “fluffy” words and actions in general and special education
Authors: Obiakor Festus E.
Published: January 2021

The search for “quality” has been the driving force behind general and special education programs; and rightly so! This search has led to incessant demands for scientifically proven and evidence-based methods, both in research and practice. However, this search has frequently ignored “fluffy” words and actions that make up the gum that glues together good friendships, marriages, relationships, classrooms, organizations, institutions, and communities. The reality is that this Utopian demand for quality has downplayed or eliminated “hearty” and caring sensibilities in general and special education programming. This systematically creates psychological, socio-emotional, and educational problems for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) and vulnerable learners who have been traditionally disenfranchised, disadvantaged, and disillusioned. The critical question is, What can be done to incorporate and value “fluffy” words and actions in general and special education in this puritanical search for quality? This is the focus of this article.
Comparative study of the thermal performance of four different parallel flow shell and tube heat exchangers with different performance indicators
Authors: Yu Chulin , Zhang Haiqing , Wang Youqiang , Wang Jin , Gao Bingjun , Fang Zhou
Published: January 2021

Round rod baffle (RRB), plain plate baffle (PPB), wavy-shaped plate baffle (WSB) and polygonal-shaped plate baffle (PSB) are four commonly used baffles in parallel flow shell and tube heat exchangers (STHXs). Comparative study of these four different baffles are numerically carried out using different performance indicators including Nusselt number, friction factor, performance evaluation criterion, entropy generation ratio, and entransy dissipation ratio for flow in full turbulent regime. Heat transfer mechanism has also been discussed. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor are fitted and the cost estimation using Hall’s method is compared. It is found that the Nusselt number of STHX-PPB, STHX-WSB, and STHX-PSB increased by 20.9%, 15.2%, and 23.9% averagely compared with STHX-RRB, respectively. The friction factor can be increased on average by 142.0%, 154.5%, and 242.4%, respectively. However, the overall performance of them is only 90.1%, 84.4%, and 82.3% that of STHX-RRB, respectively. The sequence of entropy generation and entransy dissipation is STHX-RRB > STHX-WSB > STHX-PPB > STHX-PSB. The inlet Re and baffle distance have significant effects on different performance indicators while the baffle width does not. Finally, the results show that the STHX-PSB can reduce the total cost as it has better ability on heat enhancement.
Hopkinson rod test results and constitutive description of TRIP780 steel resistance spot welding material
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhang Jianrong
Published: January 2021

A quasi-static tensile test was performed on a 1.4 mm-thick TRIP780 steel strip with welding points. An MTS810 material test machine was used in the test, and a Split Hopkinson tension bar device was used in performing impact stretch loading at different strain rates. The dynamic tensile stress–strain curve of the spot welding material with different strain rates was obtained through the finely designed Hopkinson rod test, and the strain rate dependence of a TRIP780 steel spot welding material was discussed. According to the dynamic constitutive equation of the TRIP780 steel spot welding material, the test results were numerically simulated, the constitutive description and test curves were compared, and the simulation results and test results were discussed and analyzed. The fractures of the test recovery specimen were scanned with the scanning electron microscope, and the fracture mechanism of the TRIP780 steel spot welding material was explored by observing the fractures. The surfaces of the fractures surface showed obvious cleavage river patterns, and the evolution process of microcracks was determined and used in characterizing brittle fractures in specimen spot welding sample subjected to dynamic stretch loading.
Extension of optimal homotopy asymptotic method with use of Daftardar–Jeffery polynomials to Hirota–Satsuma coupled system of Korteweg–de Vries equations
Authors: Hussain Zawar , Khan Shahid , Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Ayaz Muhammad , Ahmad Imtiaz , Mashwani Wali Khan , Chu Yu-Ming
Published: January 2021

In this study, the Daftardar–Jeffery polynomials are incorporated in the homotopy of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for solving the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled system of Korteweg–de Vries equations. The results are displayed through graphs and tables. The results obtained in this study are also compared with the published work on OHAM, which shows that OHAM-DJ is more explicit, reliable, and an efficient analytical technique. The exactness of the developed method can be improved by performing the higher iterations.
Computational exploration for radiative flow of Sutterby nanofluid with variable temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , Chu Yu-Ming , Alrabaiah Hussam , Al-Kouz Wael , Thounthong Phatiphat
Published: January 2021

This article addresses the effects of thermal radiation, stratification, and Joule heating for the flow of magnetohydrodynamics Sutterby nanofluid past over a stretching cylinder. The transport phenomenon of heat and mass are modeled under temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients, respectively. Moreover, traditional Fourier and Fick’s laws have been implemented in thermal and mass transport expressions. The governing model that consists of a set of coupled partial differential equations is converted into system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations. The resulting set of expressions is analytically treated through an optimal homotopy scheme. The effects of different dimensionless flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are illustrated through graphs. The patterns of skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are examined via bar charts. The major outcome of the proposed study is that variable thermal conductivity decays the temperature and radiation raises the temperature of the system. Stratification parameters show the reverse behavior for temperature and concentration boundary layers. Shear rate-dependent rheology in view of Sutterby liquid has the ability to reduce the flow of fluid. Therefore, the ability of flow in rheology of Sutterby liquid becomes reduced. Consequently, layer of momentum boundary has increased with respect to parameter of Sutterby liquid.
The role of prolactin in central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Ramos-Martinez Edgar , Ramos-Martínez Ivan , Molina-Salinas Gladys , Zepeda-Ruiz Wendy A. , Cerbon Marco
Published: January 2021

Prolactin has been shown to favor both the activation and suppression of the microglia and astrocytes, as well as the release of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Prolactin has also been associated with neuronal damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and in experimental models of these diseases. However, studies show that prolactin has neuroprotective effects in conditions of neuronal damage and inflammation and may be used as neuroprotector factor. In this review, we first discuss general information about prolactin, then we summarize recent findings of prolactin function in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes and factors involved in the possible dual role of prolactin are described. Finally, we review the function of prolactin specifically in the central nervous system and how it promotes a neuroprotective effect, or that of neuronal damage, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and during excitotoxicity. The overall studies indicated that prolactin may be a promising molecule for the treatment of some neurological diseases.