bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposta de reuso da água utilizada no pré-preparo de hortifrutigranjeiros e na higienização de pratos e talheres em um restaurante universitário no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gomes Natália Barabani Leal , Lourenço Maristela Soares , Carvalho Lúcia Rosa de , Pontual Leandro Vahia , Mello Juliana Vieira de Castro , Cavalcanti Marina Rodriguez
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma proposta para o reuso de água em um restaurante universitário no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, além de propor medidas para redução do seu consumo. Metodologia: Foi aplicado um formulário para quantificação do consumo de água nas etapas de pré-preparo de hortifrutigranjeiros e na higienização de pratos e talheres, em um período de 9 e 13 dias, respectivamente. Em seguida, foi estimado o volume, em litros, de água potável utilizado diariamente em cada etapa. Resultados: Na etapa de pré-preparo de hortifrutigranjeiros, calculou-se que são utilizados 2.400 litros por dia; e na etapa de higienização de pratos e talheres, estimou-se o uso de 478 litros por dia. Desta forma, pôde-se calcular o volume total de 2.878 litros por dia que ficarão armazenados para o reuso com fins não potáveis, como por exemplo, a higienização do piso dos refeitórios do restaurante, o que representa 31,97% da quantidade necessária para limpeza de todo o restaurante universitário. Além disso, realizou-se a quantificação dos pontos de água para possível instalação de arejadores nas torneiras, no intuito de reduzir o consumo. Em seguida, elaborou-se o projeto do reservatório de água para reuso. Conclusão: Por fim, atestou-se a importância da proposta apresentada, tendo em vista a significativa quantidade de água com possibilidade de reuso que é desperdiçada diariamente, contribuindo-se assim com a preservação ambiental e diminuição dos custos do restaurante universitário.
Quantificação de compostos fenólicos, poder antioxidante e teor de açúcares em produtos comerciais a base de Camellia sinensis L.
Authors: Macena Thássia Fernandes Santana de , Boyarski Daiara Rakeli Simão , Barbosa Denise Rocha Ramos , Clemente Rodolfo Castilho
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar e comparar quantitativamente compostos fenólicos, capacidade antioxidante e açúcares presentes em infusões e extratos solúveis de Camellia sinensis L. Metodologia: O estudo apresenta delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando amostras por conveniência. Foram adquiridas três amostras aleatórias de cada tipo de chá. As análises de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides foram determinadas pelo método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu e cloreto de alumínio, respectivamente, taninos totais por complexação com caseína e os condensados pelo método do butanol-HCl. A capacidade antioxidante, pela metodologia do ferricianeto e sequestro de radicais livres pelo radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil, e os açúcares redutores e não redutores, através do reagente ácido 3-5-dinitrossalicílico. Resultado: Os extratos infusos apresentaram quantidades significativamente maiores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides em comparação ao solúvel. Esse comportamento foi o mesmo para os taninos e atividade antioxidante. As infusões obtiveram maior poder redutor e capacidade de redução do radical livre. Os extratos solúveis foram destaque, com maior presença de açúcares. Esses resultados foram confirmados pela literatura e não houve trabalhos realizados com extratos solúveis e metodologias semelhantes ao realizado aqui para comparação. Conclusão: As infusões estudadas no presente trabalho foram mais ricas em compostos bioativos e antioxidantes, favorecendo seus benefícios para a população, tendo os extratos solúveis maior presença de açúcares adicionais.
Padrões alimentares de mulheres em idade reprodutiva: realidade na Zona da Mata nordestina
Authors: Andrade Maria Laura Siqueira de Souza , Canuto Raquel , Oliveira Juliana Souza , Bacalhau Silvia Patrícia Oliveira Silva , Tavares Fernanda Cristina Lima Pinto , De Lira Pedro Israel Cabral , Leal Vanessa Sá
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Verificar os padrões alimentares e os fatores associados de mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 322 mulheres de 12 a 49 anos, residentes em Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, através de busca ativa nos domicílios. Os setores censitários foram sorteados de forma aleatória simples, abrangendo as unidades de saúde pertencentes à Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A partir do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, identificaram-se os padrões alimentares, categorizados em baixo consumo, 1º e 2º tercil, e alto consumo, tercil superior. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram as sociodemográficas, de estilo de vida e de saúde. Resultados: Do grupo estudado, 59,3% tinham entre 20 e 39 anos e 60,9% apresentavam excesso de peso. Verificaram-se três padrões alimentares: Saudável, Comum Típico Brasileiro e Fast-food. As mulheres com idade ≥ 40 anos consumiam aproximadamente três vezes mais alimentos do padrão Saudável, quando comparadas àquelas com idade ≤ 19 anos. Em contraste, aquelas com idade ≥ 40 anos apresentaram menor probabilidade de consumir alimentos do padrão Fast-food do que as mais jovens (≤ 19 anos). Verificou-se ainda que mulheres com escolaridade superior a oito anos tinham maior probabilidade de consumir alimentos do padrão Fast-food quando comparadas aquelas com ≤ 4 anos de estudo. Conclusões: As mulheres mais jovens e as de maior escolaridade apresentaram um consumo elevado do padrão alimentar Fast-food, em comparação às mais velhas e de menor escolaridade, respectivamente.
Processamento e caracterização de creme de queijo coalho com óleo de peixe
Authors: Vieira do Nascimento Santos Lilian , Ferreira Igor Macedo , Silva Ana Mara Oliveira , Carvalho Michelle Garcêz
Published: June 2020

O óleo de peixe é fonte de ômega 3, que atua no combate, prevenção e/ou tratamento de doenças crônicas. O queijo coalho é bastante consumido no Nordeste brasileiro, e na forma de creme adicionado de óleo de peixe torna-se uma nova alternativa para o consumidor. Assim, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar formulações de creme de queijo coalho (CQQ) com orégano, com ou sem óleo de peixe. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa com 70 consumidores de queijo, seguida da elaboração de três formulações de CQQ (F1: sem óleo de peixe; F2: com 0,54g óleo de peixe; F3: com 1,08g de óleo de peixe). Obtidos os CQQs, as formulações (F1, F2 e F3) foram avaliadas no que se refere a: fungos, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, estafilococus coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp; aceitação e preferência sensorial; composição centesimal, fenólicos totais, atividade antioxidante, pH, acidez total titulável e valor calórico. O sabor foi o fator mais importante na escolha de um produto, sendo o ômega 3 (54,28%) e o orégano (57,14%) escolhidos pela maioria dos entrevistados. Todas as formulações estavam seguras microbiologicamente e apresentaram a mesma aceitabilidade e preferência sensorial. A aceitabilidade variou entre 7,43 a 8,13. As formulações de CQQ são de acordo com a legislação, desnatadas (1,77 a 2,66% de lipídios), têm muito alta umidade (≥55%) e baixa acidez (3,12 a 3,28g ácido lácteo/100g), e apresentaram expressiva atividade antioxidante e potencial para comercialização (índice de aceitação ≥70%). Os CQQs são viáveis para incorporação de óleo de peixe, sendo um produto fonte de ômega 3 e que pode apresentar propriedade funcional.
Association between body satisfaction and sociodemographic, behavioral and health of university students
Authors: Alves Mabel Nilson , Rosolen Michele Dutra , Da Costa Thielen Borba , Bordini Fernanda Weber
Published: June 2020

Introdução: A imagem corporal é um conceito multidimensional e dinâmico, segundo o qual as percepções são formadas com base em experiências, conceitos e comportamentos. Poucos estudos sobre satisfação corporal são realizados com universitários, sendo esse público sujeito a transtornos alimentares, considerando as particularidades desse período da vida. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a satisfação corporal e verificar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde de estudantes universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 115 residentes na Casa de Estudantes Universitários, que responderam a um questionário autoaplicável. Sociodemográficas (idade, sexo, nacionalidade, região de origem, nível e área de atuação e escolaridade materna), comportamento (tabagismo, risco de consumo abusivo de álcool e nível de atividade física) e variáveis de saúde (diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, dislipidemia, depressão e / ou síndrome de pânico e estado nutricional). A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada considerando um nível de significância de 95% (valor de p <0,05). Resultados: Os alunos apresentaram prevalência de 53,9% de satisfação com o próprio peso. Menos de 10% dos estudantes relataram ter diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. Treze por cento relataram sofrer de depressão e / ou síndrome de pânico. Pouco mais de um quarto dos estudantes eram fumantes, e essa proporção também ocorreu entre os estudantes que apresentaram risco de consumo prejudicial de bebidas alcoólicas. A prática de atividade física foi significativa entre os estudantes, uma vez que 45,5% eram ativos e 34,8% eram muito ativos. Em relação ao peso, 61,6% eram eutróficos e 53,9% estavam satisfeitos com o peso que possuíam. A insatisfação corporal foi significativamente associada a nacionalidade estrangeira e estado nutricional. Conclusão: As instituições de ensino superior precisam incluir o tema da satisfação corporal no cuidado de estudantes universitários, por meio de trabalho em equipe multidisciplinar, com o objetivo de desmistificar padrões estereotipados.
Imagens da urbanidade e a cidade-síntese africana na Oréstia, de Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Santiago Júnior Francisco Das Chagas Fernandes
Published: June 2020

O texto analisa historicamente a apresentação das cidades africanas no filme Appunti per un’Orestiade Africana (1969), realizado por Pier Paolo Pasolini (PPP), o qual propõe uma interpretação histórico-mítico da África do final dos anos 1960 por meio da Oréstia de Ésquilo. PPP usa a peça para interpretar as transformações históricas da África de então, retratando ambientes urbanos como “neocapitalistas”, mas identificando tanto nestes os sinais de cultura arcaica que mostravam a resistência de que chamava de cultura subproletária do “Terceiro Mundo”. Analisamos os tropos e ícones usados como chaves etnográficas de interpretação do “outro” no filme e em textos de PPP. Usando da iconologia e da narratologia tratamos das seguintes perguntas: Qual a singularidade das paisagens urbanas apresentados por PPP? Quais eram e de onde provêm os tropos mobilizados pelo cineasta? Qual a forma de ver/pensar a alteridade africana e a italiana do final dos anos 1960?
Lugares de memória pública e retóricas da identidade teuto-brasileira no Estado do Paraná (Séc. XX)
Authors: Kobelinski Michel
Published: June 2020

No âmbito da história pública, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar discursos e imagens produzidas por Estanislau Schaette, Hermann Schiefelbein, Arthur Wischral e Hugo Hegenberg acerca da identidade teuto-brasileira e seu impacto sobre a sociedade paranaense na primeira metade do século XX. Pinturas, fotografias e narrativas são entendidas como expressões racionais e sensíveis que transmitem e conservam valores através de lugares de memória pública. O estudo destas linguagens artísticas, fotográficas e literárias culminou com um projeto de interação/intervenção com o público, que visa difundir e refletir tais conteúdos e, em outro momento, junto com as comunidades, produzir material audiovisual (curta-metragem).
Open versus arthroscopic surgery for diffuse tenosynovial giant-cell tumours of the knee: a systematic review
Authors: Quaresma Maria Beatriz , Portela José , Soares do Brito Joaquim
Published: June 2020

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant-cell tumours of the knee (D-TGCT) have a very high complication rate. The recurrence rate for D-TGCT is mainly dependent on an initially successful resection of the lesion. The standard of care for this disease involves early surgery with synovectomy. Available surgical techniques may include an arthroscopic or open surgery; however, there is a lack of consensus on which technique should be used, and when. Arthroscopic excision is effective in minimizing morbidity and surgery-related complications, while an open surgical technique provides a more successful resection with a lower incidence of local recurrence. We could not conclude with confidence which of the surgical techniques is better at stopping a progression towards osteoarthritis and the need for a total knee arthroplasty.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:339-346. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200005
Why nudge sometimes fails: fatalism and the problem of behaviour change
Authors: Entwistle Tom
Published: June 2020

Nudge presumes that decision-making is guided by intuitive biases and heavily influenced by the environment in which choices are made. However, critics argue that in place of the quick thinking envisaged by nudge behaviour change reflects deeper and broader thought processes. One of these patterns of thinking – fatalism – has been identified across health and allied disciplines as key to explaining the reason why many people ignore authoritative advice. Insights drawn from a critical review of the fatalism literature explain why nudges sometimes fail. While a fatalist mindset seems to make some of us more susceptible to nudges, it prompts others to respond to nudges in surprising and dysfunctional ways.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Kirkland Alessia , Moser Molly , Wills Stewart
Published: June 2020

A chip to battle quantum hackers / Toward sustainable wearable tech /
Underwater energy / Thin high-resolution camera / Accelerator doubles
down / Modified LCDs test color vision / MOF-based broadband
photodetector
2020 OSA Awards and Medals
Authors: Smith Meredith , Apter Kari , Hornback Samantha
Published: June 2020

OSA is proud to honor and celebrate outstanding contributions to
science, research, engineering, education, industry and society.
A comemoração dos mortos no calendário dos vivos. O obituário medieval de São Bartolomeu de Coimbra. (Edição crítica e estudo do manuscrito)
Authors: Campos Maria Amélia Álvaro de
Published: June 2020

Este livro apresenta o estudo e a edição crítica de um dos mais antigos obituários conservados para uma igreja colegiada portuguesa – o Obituário Medieval de São Bartolomeu de Coimbra. Redigido sobre um calendário extraordinariamente complexo, onde têm lugar todos os elementos do cômputo do ano litúrgico católico, a invocação dos principais santos, mártires e confessores da Igreja, as orientações rituais do ofício quotidiano e ainda alguns elementos profanos e de superstição, este documento projeta-nos para quadros mentais e estruturas de pensamento, de vivência do tempo e da religião fundamentais para a compreensão da civilização ocidental. Por sua vez, a identificação dos defuntos a celebrar quotidianamente na igreja de São Bartolomeu de Coimbra e da propriedade por eles legada, para manutenção das cerimónias fúnebres, permite-nos observar essa freguesia, o seu espaço e a sua população, durante mais de duzentos anos.
Intergenerational Equity and Transitional Inequality Measurement: Techniques and Empirics
Authors: Bova Demetrio Miloslavo
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the measurement of both the intergenerational equity and the transitional inequality where the latter is a measure of distance to a transitional goal. The issue is relevant especially for ecological sustainability which is the main aspect treated, and can be extended to a set of transitional goals as the Agenda 2030. The empirics show that we had non-sustainable intergenerational equity and that no transition has been performed; therefore, it is hard to believe that there will be no necessity for inequality to reach the intergenerational equity. Keywords: Intergenerational equity; Transitional inequality; Intergenerational equity indicators; Sustainable development indicators
Administrative and Legal Support Challenges of Environmental Safety Under Globalization
Authors: Haraschuk Volodymyr , Zelinska Yana , Spasenko Viktoriia , Shynkaruk Oleksandra
Published: June 2020

The article investigates the underlying challenges of administrative and legal support of environmental safety under globalization. The current globalization conditions and factors affecting the transition of environmental safety from local to a global level, which is due to globalization processes in the world and a number of global anthropogenic challenges, are analyzed. The emphasis is focused on the impact of globalization on the adoption of international treaties in the field of environmental safety. The importance of administrative and legal environmental safety at the state level for the implementation of the executed international treaties is substantiated. The obsolescence and underperformance of the current state of administrative and legal support of environmental safety in Ukraine is grounded, the necessity for its optimization is proved, the weaknesses are highlighted and the need for introducing a number of improvement directions, including propaganda of a careful attitude to the environment, is substantiated; regulatory support for the effective distribution of functions and viable mechanism for management of central and local executive authorities, local government institutions on the formation and implementation of state policy components in the field of climate change in accordance with their competence; regulatory actions of joint events and cooperation of domestic government bodies in the area of environmental safety with similar bodies of neighboring countries; implementation ensuring of the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states related to climate change; ensuring the fulfillment of Ukraine’s obligations regarding reporting on international agreements in the field of climate change, etc.  Keywords: globalization, environmental safety, state environmental policy, legal support of environmental safety, administrative and legal support for environmental safety of Ukraine, international legal support for environmental safety
Sustainability in the Formation and Development of Historical Cities: “Nicosia Historical City Texture”
Authors: Turkan Zihni
Published: June 2020

The formation of the historical city texture of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, began during the Lusignan Period.  St. Sophia Cathedral and St. Catherine Church, which have an important place in the formation of the texture, are two of the few works of art still surviving today.  Being a period of destruction for the city, in general, The Venetian Period provided the city walls to Nicosia which still surround the historical texture.  The Ottoman Period brought a change to the historical city texture and Islamic culture and Turkish Architectural construction style replaced the Christian cultures.  A number of architectural works from this period, still existing within the walled city of Nicosia, provided a great contribution to the formation and development of the present day texture, as well as for its sustainability.  The British Period is one which brought novelty to the city texture of Nicosia.  With demolition of historical works and changes in the street and square dimensions, British Colonial Architecture displays the traces of the recent past.  The administrative buildings constructed in place of the demolished Lusignan Palace, still serve at present.  With the beginning of the Period of the Republic in 1960, Nicosia underwent a fast process of development as an important capital in the Middle East.  The traditional visuality in the city texture left its place to contemporary constructions and formations.  The inter-communal conflicts, which started in 1964 on the other hand, negatively affected the formation and development of the city texture, and there was a period of stagnation until the 70s.  The new developments observed since the 70s and the insufficiency of precautions to protect historical texture, caused a deterioration the city texture.  With the position of an open-air museum, Nicosia with its history of over twenty-five centuries has a very rich historical city texture with the legacies of various cultures which reigned over Cyprus and is sustainable in the present, and is therefore an important cultural and touristic center Keywords: Cyprus, Nicosia, Historical City Texture, Walled City, Sustainability.
Legal Principles of Environmental Accounting as Means of Identifying Sustainable Development Indicators in Ukraine
Authors: Yermolenko Volodymyr , Gafurova Olena , Krasnova Mariya , Krasnova Yuliia
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of the legal analysis of the formation of environmental accounting as one of the main means of determining the effectiveness of the implemented indicators of sustainable development. It is established that today there are no common approaches around the world to identify sustainable development indicators, including their environmental component. This greatly influences the development of a unified system of environmental accounting, which contains important data on the quantity and quality of natural resources, their legal status, the number of objects and substances that have harmful effects on the environment, financial and other measures taken for the environmental modernization of enterprises , the payment of environmental payments, etc., as such information is a major factor in making further management decisions to achieve sustainability in the environmental field, both locally, nationally, regionally, and globally. tovomu level. Keywords: sustainable development, indicators, ecological accounting, ecological information, reliability of data, types of ecological accounting systems, systematization of ecological accounting systems, regulatory legal regulation of ecological accounting
Fiscal Policy Measures of Air Protection: Ukrainian Realities and the EU Experience
Authors: Kurylo Volodymyr , Duliba Yevheniia , Kurylo Inna , Mushenok Viktor
Published: June 2020

Nowadays environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources have become priorities of the state-building strategy in almost all developed countries of the world.  Effective financing of these activities is required for the development and adoption of national targeted, local programs for environmental protection, for the sustainable development of society, for the rational use and reproduction of natural resources.  The article is devoted to the research of the current tendencies of the use of fiscal policy measures in the implementation of the national environmental policy in the sphere of atmospheric air protection in Ukraine.  The ways of improvement of environmental taxation and development of the main ways of development and expansion of the system of ecological taxation and ecological governance in Ukraine were discovered. Keywords: atmospheric air, environmental air safety, fiscal policy, environmental taxation, implementation of the national environmental policy,
Urban Resident Views About Open Green Spaces: A Study in Güzelyurt (Morphou), Cyprus
Authors: Yıldırım Sinem , Asilsoy Buket , Özden Özge
Published: June 2020

A dramatic demographic shift regarding urbanization is occurring globally. Between 2000 and 2050, the ratio of individuals in urban spaces is projected to rise from 46.6 % to 69.6%. Environmental pollution, urban heat island effect and climate change are among the hazardous effects of urbanization. Critical ecosystem services can be provided with urban green areas such as parks, roof gardens, streams, forests and community gardens etc. Walking, running or biking activities, psychological well-being and public health of urban inhabitants can also be supported via green space. Urban landscape areas are also significant for Cyprus as there is an on-going remarkable urbanization. Particularly, due to urbanization, the importance of green spaces in cities is becoming important. During this study, open and green space as urban landscape areas in Güzelyurt (Morphou) was investigated. This is the first study to examine user satisfaction and views of open and green spaces in Güzelyurt (Morphou) region, Cyprus. A questionnaire with 60 participants were conducted in order to understand respondents’ suggestions about several aspects of existing open and green spaces in Güzelyurt, north Cyprus. According to the findings, respondents were mostly dissatisfied about urban and open spaces in the city. Our results indicate that local authorities or municipal organizations should legalize the planning of urban parks, open spaces and green areas with long term perspective.  Keywords: Urbanization, Green space, urban park, landscape, Güzelyurt, Cyprus
In Search of Smart Specialization to Ensure the Sustainable Development of the Post-Conflict Territory: the Case of the Luhansk Region in Ukraine
Authors: Shevtsova Hanna , Shvets Nataliia , Kramchaninova Maiia , Pchelynska Hanna
Published: June 2020

This work highlights a range of problems related to ensuring sustainable development of post-conflict territories, as well as ways to overcome those through smart specialization approach. The influence of military conflict on Luhansk region's economy structure and economy's pace of development had been determined. Capacities of smart specialization as a contemporary tool meant for intensifying innovative development, structural modernization and improving competitiveness of regions had been studied. While researching regional context the current state and structure of the chemical sector, which is region's traditional specialty, had been analyzed and also its SWOT analysis had been conducted. Potential for diversification, innovative and cross-sectoral evolution of the existing chemical business was discovered. We pay attention to chemical production's digitalization horizons and its integration into rapidly growing region's agricultural sector as part of precision farming concept. The suggested agrochemical ecosystem's model facilitates communications between leading stakeholders, increases efficiency of entrepreneurial discovery process, creates new areas of specialization and new leverage for ensuring region's sustainable development.  Keywords: sustainable development, smart specialization, chemical industry, agriculture, ecosystem, precision farming, Luhansk region
Market Researches which Are Conducted for Introduction of New Product on the Market
Authors: Tanasiichuk Alona , Hromova Olha , Holovchuk Yulia , Serednytska Liudmila , Shevchuk Anna
Published: June 2020

At introduction of new product there are many risks which threaten success of goods in the market. To minimize risk, it is necessary to use the correct marketing of a new product, the correct receptions which are capable draw the attention of consumers on just appeared, little-known a product, to make it demanded and it is bought. The main thing, to each business to find the effective strategy of development and advance of a new product. Marketing of a new product differs from traditional market researches. And, first of all, differs in the fact that the assessment of prospects of a new product at stages of its development is carried out in the absence of the market, at total absence of consumers. It creates certain difficulties and increases the probability of mistakes in researches. There are many marketing techniques of advance of new products and services in the modern market. Therefore to businesses and businessmen, for advance of a new product it is necessary to study, first of all, and to effectively use the existing marketing arsenal. Of course, each businessman has to bring the nuances in the experienced methods of marketing. To adapt these receptions for the concrete business, for the marketing of a new product.  Keywords: Market researches, new goods, marketing of new goods, technique of promotion of goods, trial marketing, experiment
Towards Sustainable Development: Measuring Environmental Total Factor Productivity in Egypt
Authors: Al-Ayouty Iman , Hassaballa Hoda
Published: June 2020

Egypt’s heavy reliance on energy- and capital-intensive industries currently hinders its drive towards achieving sustainable development goals. This paper studies environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) for ten energy-intensive industries using the Malmquist index and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the period 2002-2014. Through incorporating CO2 emissions by energy intensive industries, DEA helps identify both environmentally-efficient and inefficient industries. Findings indicate that: i) ETFP has remained almost unchanged for the 10 industries, with ‘technical progress’ improvement almost fully outweighed by an efficiency deterioration, ii) excluding the environmental component indeed yields overestimated total factor productivity (TFP). In its estimation of ETFP, the paper adds to exiting empirical literature since no similar estimation has been done for Egypt. Results may be relevant to other countries with similar industrial structures. Policy implications include the reliance on renewable sources of energy, bearing directly on the achievement of the seventh, ninth and twelfth SDG goals. Keywords: environmental total factor productivity; energy intensive industries; data envelopment analysis; Egypt
PhD Research
Authors: Mason Stephen
Published: June 2020

Register of completed and current PhD research regarding an element of electronic evidence and electronic signatures.
Religionsunterricht in Ostdeutschland. Zu alten und neuen Herausforderungen
Authors: Domsgen Michael , Lütze Frank M.
Published: June 2020

Religious education in East Germany is religious education in the plural. Different models stand side by side. Acceptance and structural anchoring in the individual school types also vary. Nevertheless, unifying challenges can be identified that need to be addressed. They make it clear that there is a need for a further development or readjustment of the models of religious instruction that on the one hand satisfies the positionality of religiosity, which is so important from the point of view of religious didactics, and on the other hand is capable of absorbing religious diversity and secularity on the part of students inside.
Limited joint mobility syndrome as a predictor of the diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Panevin Taras S. , Alekseeva Lyudmila I. , Taskina Elena A. , Kashevarova Natalia G.
Published: June 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to the development of late complications. In addition to the traditional late complications, a high prevalence of damage to the musculoskeletal system in diabetes was noted. The most appropriate term that reflects the defeat of the musculoskeletal system in diabetes is limited joints mobility syndrome (LJM). Damage to the hands in the presence of open painless stiffness of the joints, fixed flexion contractures, impaired fine motor skills of the hands and grip forces. Subsequently, it became clear that, over time, the restriction of joint mobility develops not only in the small joints of the hands, but also in other large and small joints of the limbs. Traditionally, LJM syndrome pays low attention on the part of practitioners in comparison with other micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes, even though LJM can significantly impair functional activity, self-care, and impair the quality of life. It is assumed that damage to the periarticular tissues and joints in DM is caused by the accumulation of end glycation products. A decisive place in the diagnosis of LJM is the clinical examination. In the presence of LJM syndrome, the osteoarticular structures of the feet can be affected, timely diagnosis can lead to the development of diabetic foot syndrome.
Trzy stadia emotywistycznej teorii sporu etycznego
Authors: Szawarski Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

The article presents three stages of the emotive theory of ethical disagreement. Paragraph 1 deals with problems of ethical disagreement in the first stage of emotivism (R. Carnap, B. Russell, A. Ayer). Paragraph 2 shows Stevenson’s theory of ethical disagreement. Paragraph 3 discusses P. Edward’s conception. Confronting the successive stages of the emotive theory of ethical disagreement, the author finds no changes to have taken place in the characteristic definition of ethical disagreement as a disagreement in attitudes. But the theory of the resolution of ethical disagreement undergoes considerable transformation. It is expressed mostly in the endeavour !to add precision to the concepts of justification for ethical judgements, and to the concept of settling of ethical disagreement. That is especially manifest in Edward’s conception. The author demonstrates that there is very little difference in Edward’s conception from Stevenson’s theory, but he at the same time points out the presence in that conception of trends new to emotivism, namely trends tending to find objective criteria for settling ethical disagreement. In conclusion it is stated that the essential line of development of the emotive theory of ethical disagreement undergoes no changes. What does change considerably is the tone of the statements – from the extreme radicalism of Ayer, from the striking, indeed drastic, formulations of Russell, to the pondered assertions of Stevenson and Edwards; from a nonchalant neglect of the subject of ethical disagreements, to their most conscientious and penetrating examination.
Dwojakie normy
Authors: Czeżowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2020

Moral norms usually have the form of statements of obligation containing the words, ‚should’, ‚ought to’, ‚It is required … ‚, etc.; the form proper to a legal norm is the declarative sentence. In both these forms norms with good sense be preceded by the sing of assertion, ‚It is true that … ‚ and construed as a logically true statement affirming the existence of a duty or state of affairs ordained by a legislative institution. Hence, the contrary opinion denying norms to be statements in the logical sense and attributing to them the function of command or recommendation, is incorrect: for, for a norm to be realized an additional act of decision motivated by a norm of either kind, is required. That decision is expressed by an imperative sentence, addressed to the person due to realize the norm (it can also be the same person that issued the norm, commanding himself to execute it). Occasionally imperative sentences replace a norm – as, eg., in the Decalogue; in such cases, they should be regarded as elliptic expressions with an implicit motivating norm understood.
Moralność więźniów Oświęcimia
Authors: Glińska Alicja
Published: June 2020

The article, which is a fragment of a larger whole, presents the typical traits of the moral attitudes among the prisoners at the Concentration Camp in Auschwitz. The source on which the present reconstruction of the picture of the camp morality is based is the published memoirs of Polish prisoners of that camp.
O najwyższej normie w etyce Bradleya
Authors: Zapaśnik Stanisław
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the present article is to reconstruct the axiological contents of the norm “My station and its duties” in the ethics of Bradley. As the ethics of Bradley is only a fragment of his metaphysics, reconstruction of these contents requested an investigation of his arguments in favour of the norm “My station and its duties”, contained in his philosophical doctrine. Among them the conception of goodness as an attribute of the Absolute has been found which is realized in the sphere of volitional activity of the man.
Etyka Vaniniego
Authors: Nowicki Andrzej
Published: June 2020

Giulio Cesare Vanini (1585–1619), called by 17th-century theologians the „eagle of atheists” (aquila atheorum), criticized vehemently the fundamental assumption of Christian anthropology according to which virtues in their nature are something alien to the human being („quid ab homine alienum”), and only vices and vicious inclinations (vitia) should be peculiar to it. Vanini discards the theological alienation and restores the dignity of man as an individual of a reasonable and moral nature. According to Vanini, the existence of God as a giver of soul would deprive man of his dignity. Thus, if man received his soul from God, nobody could in fact be father to his children, as he would not be able to transfer his essence to his offspring. An interesting item in Vanini’s considerations is his materialistic idea that men’s nature and conduct are determined by external factors, e.g., by food. As food is transformed into the „substance” of the consumer, „we consist of what we consume”. Vanini observes that rich people feed themselves differently than the poor and concludes that differences in habits may be attributed to different nutrition. Heroic deeds are explained by Vanini by that certain patterns of behaviour of people we adore or esteem are distinctly inculcated on our imagination. In certain situations these patterns „incite us to similar deeds”. To Vanini, the aim of his life was discarding lies („figmenta patefacere, fraudes detegere”) and acting „for the enriching of the world of culture” („pro litterariae reipublicae emolumento”).
Normy moralne wobec konfliktów społecznych
Authors: Ossowska Maria
Published: June 2020

The common opinion is that moral principles act in social life like a lubricant which removes, or at least reduces, frictions occurring among men. The author analyses this opinion. For this purpose she takes into consideration successively: the conception of conflict, its kinds, and its function in the social life, as well as cases in which a moral norm can actually mitigate a conflict or even make it impossible. The author agrees with those views which emphasize the positive function of certain conflicts and which demand that it is by moral norms that we should determine which conflicts ought to be removed and which maintained. Another question is whether all ethical rules perform the pacifying function which is generally attributed to them. To this question the author is inclined to give a negative answer. In the first place, there exist two groups of rules which do not act as a lubricant, that is, rules granting to man some rights which are maintained with full determination, even if they lead to collisions, and other rules putting certain demands on people in relation to a personal pattern, rules which are not abandoned, even if they do engender conflicts.
Intuicjonizm, etyka normatywna, marksizm
Authors: Fritzhand Marek
Published: June 2020

In the first half of his article the author deals with the relationship between normative ethics and intuitionistic metaethics. In particular he tries to demonstrate that even if the intuitionstic metaethics were right, it would not have any practical importance for normative ethics.
Etyczny sens patriotyzmu
Authors: Wiatr Jerzy
Published: June 2020

The ethical aspects of patriotism include in particular connected with the relation of an individual to the national community, of national community to the class communities, as well as that of national community to the mankind. Modern patriotism includes the recognition of an ethical primacy of value, which is welfare of the nation, over individual values, even such as own life and security of own family. The categorical recognition of the primacy of national interests over individual ones is an expression of the opposition of patriotism against utilitarianism in an individualistic meaning.
Miejsce pracy w Marksowskim humanizmie
Authors: Kuderowicz Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the attitude of Marx and Engels towards the appraisal of labour as a value, and the relation between labour and the implementation of the principle of universal development of the individual personality. First, the changes in their views on the appraisal of labour are discussed. In his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts Marx understood labour as a spontaneous expression of human thought and the formation of a new environment in which man recognizes his own qualities. In that period Marx considered value to be an affirmation of human life and a requirement put to the individual and to society. In his later, mature works Marks refused to consider an act of labour as value and defined it as conquering nature. The act of labour was to Marx no longer a value but a process which is giving value to human products and, therefore, is a necessary condition of human existence in all social systems. Marx did not regard the act of labour as a postulate or an ideal. In his opinion, the act of labour acquired value depending on its effects for the universal development of all individuals. The Marxian ideal of a perfect man implied a series of postulates relating to the organization of labour. The author criticizes Raymond Aron’s interpretation of Marxian humanism. In the works of Marx, Aron perceives a contradiction between the postulate of universal labour and the postulate of leisure in the meaning of condition in which the idea of the perfect man is realized. According to the author, from the ideal of a perfect man results the postulate of obligatory labour for all members of the society, i.e., that everybody should contribute to the development of the productive forces in order to secure the material conditions for the development of their personality. The realization of Marxian humanism requires also the maintenance of definite proportions between labour determined by the social division of labour (necessary in this sense), and leisure which should imply not only resting but also activity towards a free development of various individual abilities. In the works of Marx there is no contradiction but a complementary relation between labour and leisure.
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Koncepcje etyczne Czesława Znamierowskiego
Authors: Ziembiński Zygmunt
Published: June 2020

The article presents the ethical conceptions of Czesław Znamierowski (1888-1967), a prominent Polish moral philosopher, professor of general theory of law of University of Poznań. The task of reconstructing Znamierowski’s ideas is rather difficult: his works concerning ethical problems are written with a looseness much unlike thee cautious and priggish style of works presenting the philosophical systems. Moreover, in the course of time his opinions changed in several points.
Współzależność analizy etycznej i etyki
Authors: Ladd John
Published: June 2020

This paper is concerned with the interrelationship between ethical analysis (metaethics) and normative ethics. It is argued that the two cannot be divorced logically and that their separation explains in large part why analytical ethical theory has so little of relevance to say to live moral issues. Two of the bases of the prevailing logical separation of the inquiries are examined critically: first, a de jure basis in which the separation is defended on theoretical grounds, e.g. by intuitionists, emotivists and prescriptivists, and second, a de facto basis in which we find a separation in practice that results from using analytical techniques borrowed from other areas in philosophy (viz. epistemology) that are inappropriate for ethics, e.g. by ordinary language philosophers. The prevailing conception of ethical analysis is criticized on the grounds that both the pre-analytical data and the aims of ethical analysis are sui generis and not to be compared to the data and aims of the other kinds of logical analysis. Problems like ethical relativism, moral dilemmas and akrasia cannot be analysed separately, but are part of the given logical and conceptual analysis of ethics.
Dobro i zło w świetle logiki preferencji
Authors: Nowak Leszek
Published: June 2020

G. H. von Wright’s definition of the concept of good reads: the state of a thing p is good (for a definite subject) when it is preferred by that subject before the state of affairs non-p. This definition implies that when a man sentenced to death has no other choice except between death on the gallows or after tortures and when he chooses the former kind of death, then death by hanging is good for him. A certain way of escaping this consequence is outlined but since it leads to a definition vulnerable to other objections a different definition of the concepts of good and evil in the term of G. H. von Wright’s theory is suggested.
Wzorce indyjskiego perfekcjonizmu
Authors: Lazari-Pawłowska Ija
Published: June 2020

A common expectation of moralists is that man will develop some positive characteristics (virtues) in himself. However, they disagree as regards the solution of two problems:
Problemy etyki w radzieckich dyskusjach filozoficznych lat dwudziestych
Authors: Ochocki Kazimierz
Published: June 2020

Polish readers do not know well the vicissitudes of shaping a new morality and developing a Marxist ethics in the first years of existence of the Soviet Union. This paper is intended to fill up the gap. The author shows in what difficult conditions had Marxist philosophical research to develop in the Soviet Union of the 1920’s. In their struggle against the advocates of the old philosophical and religious tenets and combating their own weaknesses, failures and errors, Soviet Marxists laid the foundations for a further development of Marxist philosophical and ethical thought and for transforming it into the ideology of the whole society.
Aktualne zadania i perspektywy etyki w NRD
Authors: Miller Reinhold
Published: June 2020

The 8th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party (SED), which defined the principal tasks of the social sciences for the coming years, evoked vivid and creative discussions of the main research problems in Marxist-Leninist ethics among the ethicists of the German Democratic Republic. The considerable importance of ethics in the development of a socialist society is emphasized. The main problems studied now by the ethicists of the GDR include: 1) the development of a socialist personality with special emphasis on the impact of economic factors in that process and studies on the personality and ethics of the socialist teacher; 2) the development of the moral consciousness of young people; 3) the struggle against bourgeois ethics and reformist ethical theories.
Problemy moralności w socjologii Talcotta Parsonsa
Authors: Szwarcman K.
Published: June 2020

The article contains a critical presentation of the views of a leading American sociologist, T. Parsons. The author discusses general theory of action devised by Parsons and its consequences for human individuals. She also reviews Parsons’ views on values and moral assessments, and the categories of freedom and individual responsibility. Parsons’ theory, the author concludes, is an eloquent expression of bourgeois individualism phrased in a language appealing to the contemporary capitalist corporations and monopolies.
Założenia faktyczne wypowiedzi normatywnych
Authors: Ziembiński Zygmunt
Published: June 2020

The article draws attention to the fact that normative utterances do not describe fragments of the world but due to the fact that they are formulated in certain norm-giving acts they are symptoms of some concurring phenomena. It is quite natural that hearing norms which are proposed by other people we think of them as forms of rational behaviour which are determined by the knowledge and the drives of the people who produce them. This assumption suggests that the fact of enactment of such-and-such a norm is determined by knowledge of the person who proposes the norm. Hence, normative utterances may be considered, without running the risk of a serious fault, symptoms of certain state of affairs or, at least, symptoms of certain conceptions that the norm giver has concerning the states of affairs.