bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Compression Molding of UHMWPE
Authors: Parasnis N. C. , Ramani K.
Published: February 2022

In this paper we describe a model to predict crystallinity from thermal history while compression molding UHMWPE. A thermal model is used for temperature predictions within a compression molded disc. The temperature predictions are used in a residual stress model (see Part II of this paper). Three different process cycles were studied, one with fast cooling, one with slow cooling and one with soak at crystallization.
Morphological Characterisation of Long Glass Fibre Composites for the Thermoforming Process
Authors: Bush S. F. , Torres F. G.
Published: February 2022

This paper lays out the main procedures for performing morphological characterisations of Long Glass Fibre (LGF) composites with particular reference to the sheet extrusion and thermoforming processes as they may be configured for production. The techniques used, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, are described both with regard to their laboratory application to these materials and to their potential for monitoring the performance of the industrial manufacturing process. Results obtained from the different techniques at the three various stages of the manufacturing route are presented and discussed in terms of the structure property relationships obtained and the reinforcing fibre mat system typical of these types of material.
Preparation and application of carbon black-filled rubber composite modified with a multi-functional silane coupling agent
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Wu Lingling , Xiao Tongliang , Yu Haiwen , Li Huaming , Yang Jun
Published: February 2022

Carbon black (CB)-filled rubber composites are widely used for tire tread and other rubber products due to their good abrasion resistance and reinforcement. Numerous studies have been focused on the filler-rubber interaction with the aim of obtaining optimum performances. In order to investigate the effect of modification on properties of diene rubber composites, a modified CB-filled isoprene rubber (IR) composite was prepared with a multi-functional silane coupling agent, 2-aminoethyl-2-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aminoethyl disulfide (ATD). This modification significantly enhanced the CB-IR interaction and improved CB dispersion. For the modified CB/IR vulcanizates, the tensile strength, stress at 300% elongation, temperature rise, and dynamic loss coefficient were significantly improved at low ATD dosage (1.5 phr). Such modification provides an effective route to prepare CB-reinforced diene rubber composites with low hysteresis and improved mechanical properties.
Synthesis and characterization of wood flour modified by graphene oxide for reinforcement applications
Authors: Boudjellal Ammar , Trache Djalal , Khimeche Kamel , Hafsaoui Said Lotfi , Bekhouche Slimane , Guettiche Djamil
Published: February 2022

The performance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) reinforced with natural fibers can be tailored through a suitable choice of the fibers nature or the type of surface treatment applied to them. The present work deals with the improvement of the interfacial properties of natural fibers, namely wood flour (WF) by the introduction of graphene oxide (GO), which may easily disperse on the WF surface to provide hybrid fibers (WF-GO). The latter were then used as reinforcement of a TPU matrix at different ratios of 1, 3 and 5 wt%. The different samples were characterized by FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopies, XRD, SEM and TGA to confirm the structure, morphology and the thermal stability of the prepared hybrid fibers as well as their composites (TPU/WF-GO). SEM micrographs revealed that the surface treatment applied to WF, the distribution of GO sheets on the fiber interface, and the dispersion of (WF-GO) on the polymer matrix were successfully carried out. The thermal stability of the TPU-base composites increased with the increase of WF-GO content from 325 °C for the pure TPU matrix to 343 °C for the composite reinforced by 5% of (WF-GO). In addition, the results confirmed that the incorporation of GO into WF led to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the TPU-based composites, with an improvement in strength from 10.9 MPa to 19 MPa.
Long-term follow-up of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) mutation in ZFP57 gene: relapse at prepubertal age
Authors: Kontbay Tuğba , Atar Müge , Demirbilek Hüseyin
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes present within the first six months of life. NDM can be transient (TNdM) or permanent (PNDM). About 70% of TNDM cases have abnormalities in the imprinted region of chromosome 6q24. In TNDM, diabetes remits at infancy whilst may relapse later in life. Chromosome 6q24 related TNDM usually relapses at the pubertal period, while in some cases, relapse occurs earlier. It has been reported that these cases can respond to sulfonylurea treatment, while more evidence and experience are needed.

Case presentation

Herein, we reported relapse of diabetes at prepubertal age and its response to sulphonylurea therapy in a case with TNDM due to a homozygous c.7734C>T (p.R228C) variant in the ZFP57 gene.

Conclusions

A response to the sulphonylurea monotherapy seems not optimal for relapsed TNDM due to chromosome 6q24 abnormalities.
Outcomes of pregnancies at high-risk for placenta accreta spectrum following negative diagnostic imaging
Authors: Reeder Callie F. , Sylvester-Armstrong Kendra R. , Silva Lauren M. , Wert Erika M. , Smulian John C. , Genc Mehmet R.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To assess the pretest and negative post-test probability for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in a group of patients with high-risk clinical factors.

Methods

We included patients with suspected and/or confirmed PAS at our institution over 8 years. Sonography performed by maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and selected patients underwent MRI. Imaging was considered positive if either sonography or MRI suggested PAS. Histopathology was the gold standard for diagnosis of PAS. We assessed the pretest and negative imaging-test probability, and resources required.

Results

We identified 82 high-risk patients with the following: (1) a history of ≥1 cesarean section and/or intrauterine gynecologic procedure and placenta previa in the index pregnancy; (2) a history of >3 cesarean deliveries and/or gynecologic procedures regardless of placental location; (3) prior PAS disorder, or retained placenta requiring manual extraction and/or curettage, complicated by postpartum hemorrhage; and (4) suspected cesarean section scar pregnancy. Histopathology confirmed PAS in 52 patients, with pretest probability of 63%. Imaging correctly identified 44/50 cases with PAS, and excluded this condition in 24/30 cases. Thus, the positive and negative post-test probability for PAS following negative imaging was 88 and 20%, respectively. Of the six patients with false-negative imaging, all had either surgical complications or required care beyond that for routine cesarean section.

Conclusions

Although diagnostic imaging is sensitive, the negative posttest probability remains high in women with high pretest probability for PAS. Therefore, women at high risk for PAS should be managed in experienced centers by a multidisciplinary team even if imaging is negative.
Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in patients with retained placenta: building a predict model
Authors: Wei Xiaoning , Wei Jiangping , Wang Shaowei
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Among patients with placenta retention, the risk factors of massive blood loss remain unclear. In this study, a secondary data analysis was conducted to construct a predictive risk model for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in this particular population.

Methods

A prediction model based on the data of 13 hospitals in the UK, Uganda, and Pakistan, from December 2004, to May 2008 was built. A total of 516 patients and 14 potential risk factors were analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) model was used to optimize feature selection for the PPH risk model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a prediction model incorporating the LASSO model. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using C-index and calibration plot.

Results

Among patients with placenta retention, the incidence of PPH was 62.98% (325/526). Risk factors in the model were country, number of past deliveries, previous manual removal of placenta, place of placenta delivery, and how the placenta was delivered. In these factors, patients in the low-income country (i.e., Uganda) (OR: 1.753, 95% CI=1.055–2.915), retained placentas delivered in the theater (OR: 2.028, 95% CI=1.016–4.050), and having placentas partially removed by controlled cord traction (cct), completely removed manually (OR: 4.722, 95% CI=1.280–17.417) were independent risk factors. The C-statistics was 0.702.

Conclusions

By secondary data analysis, our study constructed a prediction model for PPH in patients with placenta retention, and identified the independent risk factors.
Preliminary study on TRU transmutation in VVER-1000 fuel assembly using MCNP6
Authors: Zuhair  , Dwijayanto R. Andika Putra , Sriyono  , Suwoto  , Su’ud Zaki
Published: February 2022

Transmutation technology has been developed to address the issue of long-term safety of nuclear waste disposal in geological repository. Transuranic (TRU) transmutation in thermal neutron spectrum can be considered more beneficial at the present time due to the larger fission cross section of TRU elements than in fast neutron spectrum. This paper discusses preliminary study on TRU transmutation in Vodo-Vodyanoi Energetichesky Reactor (VVER)-1000 fuel assembly using MCNP6 code. The fuel assembly is configured by 312 fuel cells consist of 300 UO2 fuel rods with 3.7 wt% 235U and 12 UGD fuel rods containing a mixture of UO2 with 3.6 wt% 235U and 4.0 wt% Gd2O3. The calculation results show that the k
inf value is higher with the increase in the TRU thickness at the beginning of cycle and at the end of cycle, which means that the addition of TRU will increase the fuel cycle length. The total temperature coefficient of reactivity is negative for all fuel assemblies both without TRU and with TRU. In general, the computed β
eff values of the assembly with and without TRU addition are not significantly different. It shows that the coating of the TRU layer in the UGD fuel cell will not complicate the reactor control. The transmutation of TRU recycled from spent nuclear fuel in the VVER-1000 fuel assembly can be considered feasible from the viewpoint of excess reactivity and control safety characteristics. The total transmutation rate of ∼55.73% can be achieved with 239Pu and 241Am isotopes are taking the largest portion of transmuted nuclides.
Is Zoom viable for sociophonetic research? A comparison of in-person and online recordings for vocalic analysis
Authors: Calder Jeremy , Wheeler Rebecca , Adams Sarah , Amarelo Daniel , Arnold-Murray Katherine , Bai Justin , Church Meredith , Daniels Josh , Gomez Sarah , Henry Jacob , Jia Yunan , Johnson-Morris Brienna , Lee Kyo , Miller Kit , Powell Derrek , Ramsey-Smith Caitlin , Rayl Sydney , Rosenau Sara , Salvador Nadine
Published: February 2022

In this study, we explore whether Zoom is a viable method for collecting data for sociophonetic research, focusing on vocalic analysis. We investigate whether recordings collected through Zoom yield different acoustic measurements than recordings collected through in-person recording equipment, for the exact same speech. We analyze vowel formant data from 18 speakers who recorded Zoom conversations at the same time as they recorded themselves with portable recording equipment. We find that, overall, Zoom recordings yield lower raw F1 values and higher F2 values than recording equipment. We also tested whether normalization affects discrepancies between recording methods and found that while discrepancies still appear after normalizing with the Watt and Fabricius modified method, Lobanov normalization largely minimizes discrepancies between recording methods. Discrepancies are also mitigated with a Zoom recording setup that involves the speaker wearing headphones and recording with an external microphone.
Lessons learned: the long view
Authors: Carmichael Katie , Clark Lynn , Hay Jennifer
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially altered the fabric of life around the globe, raising crucial questions about the nature of language usage in person and online. But as researchers embark on new studies (or continuations of pre-COVID research), just as essential are considerations of what our responsibilities as researchers are to our participants now. In this article, we share our reflections upon the experience of conducting research in two different post-disaster contexts: after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, and after the Christchurch earthquakes in New Zealand. We describe the issues faced by researchers and participants alike in these locales and we recount the decisions that we made, as many of the same decision processes are being faced by researchers currently navigating data collection due to COVID-19 and its aftermath. These decisions are of course contextually dependent, though our examples draw from two very different situations, comparing and contrasting how various forces, timelines, and regionally specific issues may come into play for researchers in a context of upheaval. In this “long view” essay, we provide a retrospective account of practical tips and ethical considerations for researchers embarking on a similar track.
Simulation of Gaussian random field in a ball
Authors: Kolyukhin Dmitriy , Minakov Alexander
Published: February 2022

We address the problem of statistical simulation of a scalar real Gaussian random field inside the unit 3D ball. Two different methods are studied: (i) the method based on the known homogeneous isotropic power spectrum developed by Meschede and Romanowicz
[M. Meschede and B. Romanowicz,
Non-stationary spherical random media and their effect on long-period mantle waves,
Geophys. J. Int. 203 2015, 1605–1625]
and (ii) the method based on known radial and angular covariance functions suggested in this work. The first approach allows the extension of the simulation technique to the inhomogeneous or anisotropic case. However, the disadvantage of this approach is the lack of accurate statistical characterization of the results. The accuracy of considered methods is illustrated by numerical tests, including a comparison of the estimated and analytical covariance functions. These methods can be used in many applications in geophysics, geodynamics, or planetary science where the objective is to construct spatial realizations of 3D random fields based on a statistical analysis of observations collected on the sphere or within a spherical region.
Transmission dynamics model and the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: applications and challenges
Authors: Guan Jinxing , Zhao Yang , Wei Yongyue , Shen Sipeng , You Dongfang , Zhang Ruyang , Lange Theis , Chen Feng
Published: February 2022

Since late 2019, the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, transmission dynamics models have achieved great development and were widely used in predicting and policy making. Here, we provided an introduction to the history of disease transmission, summarized transmission dynamics models into three main types: compartment extension, parameter extension and population-stratified extension models, highlight the key contribution of transmission dynamics models in COVID-19 pandemic: estimating epidemiological parameters, predicting the future trend, evaluating the effectiveness of control measures and exploring different possibilities/scenarios. Finally, we pointed out the limitations and challenges lie ahead of transmission dynamics models.
Chemie der Kunst
Authors: Denker Andrea , Hahn Oliver , Kanngießer Birgit , Malzer Wolfgang , Merchel Silke , Radtke Martin , Röhrs Stefan , Reiche Ina , Stege Heike
Published: February 2022

Naturwissenschaftliche Informationen, insbesondere die chemische Zusammensetzung der Objekte, können Hinweise auf die Hintergründe der Objektherstellung liefern, die der alleinigen kunsthistorischen Begutachtung verborgen blieben. Es können nicht nur Fragen nach dem Prozess, Zeitpunkt und Ort der Herstellung beantwortet werden. Die chemische Analyse gibt auch Hinweise auf Ereignisse und Veränderungen, die erst nach der Fertigstellung des Objektes erfolgten. So werden Alterungsphänomene oder historische Überarbeitungen und Restaurierungen aufgedeckt, aber auch Konservierungsstrategien zur Erhaltung der Kunstwerke unterstützt. Durch den technologischen Fortschritt im Bereich der röntgenanalytischen Methoden, die berührungsfrei, ohne Probennahme und ohne Schädigung für das Untersuchungsobjekt arbeiten, erschließen sich dem Analytiker erstmalig Möglichkeiten, auch sehr wertvolle und fragile Objekte zerstörungsfrei zu untersuchen.
Performance demonstration for humanitarian demining
Authors: Müller Christina , Scharmach Martina , Gaal Mate , Guelle Dieter , Lewis Adam , Sieber Alois
Published: February 2022

Because the demining process is always connected with a danger for human beings, it is necessary to make sure the proper functioning of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. Detecting a hidden target by penetrating physical interaction of rays or waves is similar to non-destructive testing. The non-destructive testing profession developed procedures to check the reliability of testing. These procedures, like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false call rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are used as a template. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CWA 14747: 2003 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. Within an ITEP project a number of blind trials were carried out to learn about the necessary statistical basis of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance for the selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in this first investigation was on the influence of the human factor due to the different degree of experience of the operators and the influence of the soil.
Ways to control the inaccuracy of old and new results of measurements of the elastic properties of metallic elements
Authors: Buch Alfred
Published: February 2022

The older and newer results of measurements of elastic properties often show a large scatter of values, and not always do new tests result in more accurate values. The fact that for many metals there is often a need of new tests is not only associated with better test methods and machines, but also with the dissatisfaction with the older results, because they present different results for the same metals. Sometimes the handbook editors cannot decide if a new test presents a better value, and publish different results, leaving the reader with the option to decide, which value seems to be better. Of course, this cannot satisfy the researchers using the handbooks and thus, the present contribution shows some ways to select accurate values.
Kerntechnische Normung
Authors: Steuer Jürgen
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick über die kerntechnische Normung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aus der Sicht des NMP im DIN
Nonlocal effects in temporal metamaterials
Authors: Rizza Carlo , Castaldi Giuseppe , Galdi Vincenzo
Published: February 2022

Nonlocality is a fundamental concept in photonics. For instance, nonlocal wave-matter interactions in spatially modulated metamaterials enable novel effects, such as giant electromagnetic chirality, artificial magnetism, and negative refraction. Here, we investigate the effects induced by spatial nonlocality in temporal metamaterials, i.e., media with a dielectric permittivity rapidly modulated in time. Via a rigorous multiscale approach, we introduce a general and compact formalism for the nonlocal effective medium theory of temporally periodic metamaterials. In particular, we study two scenarios: (i) a periodic temporal modulation, and (ii) a temporal boundary where the permittivity is abruptly changed in time and subject to periodic modulation. We show that these configurations can give rise to peculiar nonlocal effects, and we highlight the similarities and differences with respect to the spatial-metamaterial counterparts. Interestingly, by tailoring the effective boundary wave-matter interactions, we also identify an intriguing configuration for which a temporal metamaterial can perform the first-order derivative of an incident wavepacket. Our theoretical results, backed by full-wave numerical simulations, introduce key physical ingredients that may pave the way for novel applications. By fully exploiting the time-reversal symmetry breaking, nonlocal temporal metamaterials promise a great potential for efficient, tunable optical computing devices.
Femtosecond imaging of spatial deformation of surface plasmon polariton wave packet during resonant interaction with nanocavity
Authors: Ichiji Naoki , Otake Yuka , Kubo Atsushi
Published: February 2022

The spatiotemporal dynamics of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave packet (WP) that interacts with a plasmonic nanocavity on a metal surface are investigated via femtosecond time-resolved two-photon fluorescence microscopy and numerical calculations. The nanocavity, which consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) laminar structure (longitudinal length: ∼100 nm), behaves as a subwavelength meta-atom possessing discretized eigenenergies. When a chirp-induced femto-second SPP WP is incident on the nanocavity, only the spectral component matching a particular eigenenergy is transmitted to continue propagation on the metal surface. This spectral clipping induces a spatial peak shift in the WP. The shift can be controlled by tuning the eigenenergy or chirp.
Vortex radiation from a single emitter in a chiral plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Wang Xing-Yuan , Chen Hua-Zhou , Wang Suo , Ge Li , Zhang Shuang , Ma Ren-Min
Published: February 2022

Manipulating single emitter radiation is essential for quantum information science. Significant progress has been made in enhancing the radiation efficiency and directivity by coupling quantum emitters with microcavities and plasmonic antennas. However, there has been a great challenge to generate complex radiation patterns such as vortex beam from a single emitter. Here, we report a chiral plasmonic nanocavity, which provides a strong local chiral vacuum field at an exceptional point. We show that a single linear dipole emitter embedded in the nanocavity will radiate to vortex beam via anomalous spontaneous emission with a Purcell enhancement factor up to ∼1000. Our scheme provides a new field manipulation method for chiral quantum optics and vortex lasers at the nanoscale.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-{[4-(4-cyanobenzamido)phenyl]amino}benzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate, C26H17N5O4
Authors: Li Pei-Xuan , Hui Wei , Jing Qin-Qin
Published: February 2022

C46H38N10S2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.9297(12) Å, b = 10.9926(15) Å, c = 12.6758(18) Å, α = 104.532(2)°, β = 96.312(2)°, γ = 112.398(2)° V = 1083.8(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0398, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1195, T = 296(2) K.
Novel results on conformable Bessel functions
Authors: Martínez Francisco , Martínez Inmaculada , Kaabar Mohammed K. A. , Paredes Silvestre
Published: February 2022

Novel results on conformable Bessel functions are proposed in this study. We complete this study by proposing and proving certain properties of the Bessel functions of first order involving their conformable derivatives or their zeros. We also establish the orthogonality of such functions in the interval [0,1]. This study is essential due to the importance of these functions while modeling various physical and natural phenomena.
Electronic noses based on metal oxide nanowires: A review
Authors: Tonezzer Matteo , Thi Thanh Le Dang , Van Duy Lai , Hoa Nguyen Duc , Gasperi Flavia , Van Duy Nguyen , Biasioli Franco
Published: February 2022

Metal oxides are ideal for the fabrication of gas sensors: they are sensitive to many gases while allowing the device to be simple, tiny, and inexpensive. Nonetheless, their lack of selectivity remains a limitation. In order to achieve good selectivity in applications with many possible interfering gases, the sensors are inserted into anelectronic nosethat combines the signals from nonselective sensors and analyzes them with multivariate statistical algorithms in order to obtain selectivity. This review analyzes the scientific articles published in the last decade regarding electronic noses based on metal oxide nanowires. After a general introduction, Section 2 discusses the issues related to poor intrinsic selectivity. Section 3 briefly reviews the main algorithms that have hitherto been used and the results they can provide. Section 4 classifies the recent literature into fundamental research, agrifood, health, security. In Section 5, the literature is analyzed regarding the metal oxides, the surface decoration nanoparticles, the features that differentiate the sensors in a given array, the application for which the device was developed, the algorithm used, and the type of information obtained. Section 6 concludes by discussing the present state and points out the requirements for their use in real-world applications.
Pitting corrosion induced on high-strength high carbon steel wire in high alkaline deaerated chloride electrolyte
Authors: Lee Siaw Foon , García Jose Fullea , Yap Seong Shan , Hui David
Published: February 2022

Electrochemical response causing pitting corrosion of high-strength high carbon steel wire in deaerated electrolyte at pH 13.4 due to different chloride ion (Cl−) concentrations was investigated using open circuit potential, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, and anodic potentiostatic application (APA) within the passive zone. Results showed that the higher the Cl− concentration, the more negative the corrosion potential becomes. In the high alkaline pH 13.4 without the presence of free oxygen gas the Cl− concentration could reach up to 1 M not showing pitting potential. An inverse relationship between anodic potentials (APs) and Cl− concentrations was found and the rate of corrosion within passive period was almost a constant, not influenced by the Cl− concentrations. Faraday´s law failed to predict the mass loss when active pitting corrosion occurred. Green rust and hydrogen gas were observed during active pitting corrosion under APA. Pitting corrosion mechanism in the deaerated high alkaline electrolyte was then proposed. This work deduces that in the deaerated electrolyte at pH 13.4 with the presence of Cl−, it is essential to apply the APs within the safety margin on the high-strength high carbon steel wire to avoid active pitting corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.
„aber ich finds ein bisschen HEIkel eben,“
Authors: Hauser Stefan , Kreuz Judith
Published: February 2022

In a growing number of schools, class councils are a regularly practiced interactional format to support pupils’ participation in decision making processes as well as the development of social competence. Whether class councils should also be used to resolve social conflicts, however, is controversial. While the class council is viewed as a suitable opportunity to discuss the pupils’ diverging views in many studies, others are highly critical of this idea, citing the potential effects of conflicting requirements. In this article, we take a conversation analytical approach to how the rhetorical practices and social competence of 9- to 15-year-old pupils and the teacher involvement affect the ways in which conflicts are resolved. Focusing on practices of addressing and social positioning, we analyse how the complex requirements of collective conflict resolution are interactionally dealt with during class councils. Our analysis shows that, on a structural level, the participants are confronted with three facets of processing and resolving social conflicts: reconstruction, resolution and organization. Against the backdrop of these core categories, we propose several practical considerations aimed at increasing teachers’ awareness of the interactional requirements of collaborative conflict resolution.
Crystal structure of a hexacationic Ag(I)-pillarplex-dodecyl-diammonium pseudo-rotaxane as terephthalate salt
Authors: Heidecker Alexandra A. , Bohn Moritz , Pöthig Alexander
Published: February 2022

A new pseudo-rotaxane, consisting of a tubular, organometallic Ag-pillarplex ring and dodecyldiammonium axle component, is introduced and investigated towards potential non-covalent interactions by Full Interaction Maps (FIMs). FIMs predict regions of probable supramolecular interactions solely at the organic ligands, namely the rim and the aromatic rings of the pillarplex. The results were compared to structural parameters experimentally obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The pseudo-rotaxane was crystallized as a hydrated terephthalate salt, and the molecular and the crystal structure are discussed. The experimentally observed interactions are quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. In contrast to the FIMs prediction, four different interaction modes can be experimentally observed in the solid-state: encapsulation of a guest molecule, hydrogen bonding, π- and metal interactions.
Irish research response to dairy quality in an era of change
Authors: O’Brien B. , Beresford T. , Cotter P.D. , Gleeson D. , Kelly A. , Kilcawley K. , Magan J. , McParland S. , Murphy E. , O’Callaghan T. , Tobin J. , Fenelon M.
Published: February 2022

The Irish dairy sector is recognised for its very significant contribution to the national economic status; it is now worth ∼€5 billion annually and represents the largest food and drink export category, which, in turn, represents one of the four largest manufacturing industries in the country. Given anticipated further growth in global demand for dairy products and the positive attributes and capabilities that Ireland has to meet that demand, in terms of pasture-based production and cost competitiveness, it is incumbent for the sector to attain the highest quality milk and dairy products. The combined collaborative approach between research and industry has ensured significant progress and enabled Ireland to remain at the forefront globally in terms of production of quality milk and dairy products. This paper highlights some specific scientific platforms and technologies currently shaping the industry in this regard and discusses current research activity as well as anticipating key requirements for future progress. While research, and farm and processing plant management have accomplished very significant advances in milk and dairy product quality, some overarching emerging challenges include product substitution and sustainability. Some key pillars for the future have been identified on which a strong, efficient dairy sector can be maintained and progressed. Specifically, the use of evidence-based information and real-time measures in prediction and decision-making will be a crucial pillar for the dairy sector of the future. This can promote an approach of proactive maintenance and optimisation of production through improved predictability and control of manufacturing processes.
Temporal Context Modulates Encoding and Retrieval of Overlapping Events
Authors: Smith Devyn E. , Moore Isabelle L. , Long Nicole M.
Published: March 2022

Overlap between events can lead to interference because of a trade-off between encoding the present event and retrieving the past event. Temporal context information, “when” something occurred, a defining feature of episodic memory, can cue retrieval of a past event. However, the influence of temporal overlap, or proximity in time, on the mechanisms of interference is unclear. Here, by identifying brain states using scalp EEG from male and female human subjects, we show the extent to which temporal overlap promotes interference and induces retrieval. In this experiment, subjects were explicitly directed to either encode the present event or retrieve a past, overlapping event while perceptual input was held constant. We find that the degree of temporal overlap between events leads to selective interference. Specifically, greater temporal overlap between two events leads to impaired memory for the past event selectively when the top-down goal is to encode the present event. Using pattern classification analyses to measure neural evidence for a retrieval state, we find that greater temporal overlap leads to automatic retrieval of a past event, independent of top-down goals. Critically, the retrieval evidence we observe likely reflects a general retrieval mode, rather than retrieval success or effort. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the role of temporal overlap on interference and memory formation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen a present event overlaps with an event from the past, this leads to a trade-off between the tendency to encode the present event versus retrieve the past event. Here we show that, when two events are experienced nearby in time, the memory system is biased toward a retrieval state and that subsequent memory for the past event is impaired. These findings suggest an influence of bottom-up temporal factors on both interference and the trade-off between memory states.
Perceptual Weighting of V1 Spikes Revealed by Optogenetic White Noise Stimulation
Authors: Day-Cooney Julian , Cone Jackson J. , Maunsell John H. R.
Published: March 2022

During visually guided behaviors, mere hundreds of milliseconds can elapse between a sensory input and its associated behavioral response. How spikes occurring at different times are integrated to drive perception and action remains poorly understood. We delivered random trains of optogenetic stimulation (white noise) to excite inhibitory interneurons in V1 of mice of both sexes while they performed a visual detection task. We then performed a reverse correlation analysis on the optogenetic stimuli to generate a neuronal-behavioral kernel, an unbiased, temporally precise estimate of how suppression of V1 spiking at different moments around the onset of a visual stimulus affects detection of that stimulus. Electrophysiological recordings enabled us to capture the effects of optogenetic stimuli on V1 responsivity and revealed that the earliest stimulus-evoked spikes are preferentially weighted for guiding behavior. These data demonstrate that white noise optogenetic stimulation is a powerful tool for understanding how patterns of spiking in neuronal populations are decoded in generating perception and action.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring visually guided actions, continuous chains of neurons connect our retinas to our motoneurons. To unravel circuit contributions to behavior, it is crucial to establish the relative functional position(s) that different neural structures occupy in processing and relaying the signals that support rapid, precise responses. To address this question, we randomly inhibited activity in mouse V1 throughout the stimulus-response cycle while the animals did many repetitions of a visual task. The period that led to impaired performance corresponded to the earliest stimulus-driven response in V1, with no effect of inhibition immediately before or during late stages of the stimulus-driven response. This approach offers experimenters a powerful method for uncovering the temporal weighting of spikes from stimulus to response.
The Mobile Fortress
Authors: Case Holly
Published: March 2022

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán rails against migration from countries outside of Europe, yet he has been eager to grant citizenship to Hungarian-speakers from countries in the near abroad. Like other populist conservative leaders in the region, he promotes a fortress mentality, based on fear of an “uncertain world,” to remake his country—renewing strategies pursued by Hungarian governments in the early twentieth century.
Disability Rights and Cross-National Disparities in Europe
Authors: Lejeune Aude
Published: March 2022

Europeans with disabilities continue to face lack of opportunity in areas including education and employment. The extent of such disparities, and policies to address them, vary across the member states of the European Union. In 2000, an EU directive on employment equality set antidiscrimination rules, including requirements for employers to offer reasonable accommodations to disabled workers, that were subsequently adopted by member states. But a comparison of disability policy in France and Sweden shows that divergent approaches to labor rights remain in place, with France relying on quotas while Sweden offers job training programs.
Anthony Trollope’s Leap in the Dark
Authors: Vignola Michael
Published: March 2022

Michael Vignola, “Anthony Trollope’s Leap in the Dark: The Temporality of Victorian Political Reform and Victorian Women’s Suffrage” (pp. 321–353)

Anthony Trollope’s Phineas Finn (1867; 1869) depicts the seminal expansion of democracy under the Second Reform Act, an event that had yet to conclude when he finished composing the novel. This unique circumstance gives rise in the novel to anticipations that await real-world contingencies to become legible. Phineas Finn’s thick particularities thus bring into focus the temporality of reform characterized by the indeterminacy encoded in the phrase “a leap in the dark.” Attention to the circulation of the phrase and its evocation in Phineas Finn reveals the centrality of women’s suffrage to the project of democratic reform, particularly in its promise to realign the boundaries of political and private life.
IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS USING ISOMORPHIC TEST: THE CASE OF NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION
Authors: Alatas Fathiah , Ilhamiah Siti , Suryadi Ahmad
Published: March 2022

IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI SISWA MENGGUNAKAN UJI ISOMORFIK: KASUS HUKUM NEWTON TENTANG GERAKAbstractStudents' misconceptions can lead to learning failure if they are not addressed. In this study, using Google Form, we identify students’ misconceptions using the isomorphic test method on Newton's Law of Motion, especially the principles of dynamics. This study is quantitative research conducted in three junior high schools in South Tangerang. There are 90 participants involved that was selected by purposive sampling method. The research instrument was an isomorphic test in form of multiple choice with nine questions with three indicators namely: analyzing the application of Newton’s I law in daily life; analyzing the correlation between force and mass and the acceleration of a moving object; and analyzing the application of Newton’s III Law in daily life. The results showed that the students were identified as having misconceptions in Newton’s Law concept using isomorphic tests, including misconceptions of inertia and misconceptions of Newton’s Third Law of Motion. One of the misconceptions is that students assume an object will maintain its initial position in motion by applying a new force in the opposite direction. The students' misconceptions found in this study can be used as a reference so that they can be overcome in the learning process.AbstrakMiskonsepsi dapat menyebabkan siswa sulit belajar jika tidak segera diatasi. Dalam penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan Google Form, kami mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa menggunakan instrumen tes isomorfik pada materi Hukum Newton tentang gerak, khususnya pada prinsip-prinsip dinamika. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan di tiga SMP di Tangerang Selatan. Terdapat 90 partisipan yang dilibatkan yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes isomorfik berupa pilihan ganda dengan sembilan soal dengan tiga indicator yaitu menganalisis penerapan hukum I Newton dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; menganalisis hubungan antara gaya dan massa dengan percepatan suatu benda yang bergerak; dan menganalisis penerapan Hukum 3 Newton dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa teridentifikasi mengalami miskonsepsi pada konsep Hukum Newton. Diantara miskonsepsinya adalah siswa berasumsi bahwa benda akan mempertahankan posisi awalnya dalam gerak dengan memberikan gaya baru dalam arah yang berlawanan. Miskonsepsi siswa yang ditemukan dalam studi ini dapat menjadi referensi sehingga dapat diatasi dalam proses pembelajaran.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale: An Indonesian Version
Authors: Darmayanti Kusumasari Kartika Hima , Anggraini Erlina , Winata Efan Yudha , Mardianto M. Fariz Fadillah
Published: March 2022

Several studies regarding academic self-efficacy are developed in which a valid and reliable measurement is needed. One of the well-known instruments used to measure college students' academic self-efficacy is The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (TASES). It was designed by Sagone and Caroli (2014), comprising four dimensions, i.e., self-engagement, self-oriented decision-making, others-oriented problem-solving, and interpersonal climate. This instrument contained 30 items at first, but two items were removed after testing the factor analysis, and 28 items remained. This study examined the validity of the adaptation of TASES into the Indonesian version. This scale was adapted into the Indonesian version using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), involving 166 Indonesian college students studying at universities in Indonesia and abroad. The CFA results showed that the items which were distributed in 4 dimensions in this scale are found to fit except three items of interpersonal climate dimension. Therefore those three items have been eliminated. In addition, the coefficient of Cronbach's Alpha of TASES Indonesian version is highly reliable. Ultimately, the TASES Indonesian version consisting of 25-item within four dimensions has shown to be a reliable and valid measurement for academic self-efficacy in the Indonesian context.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Form L-M Predictive Power on Academic Achievement
Authors: Reinaldi Eugenius Tintus , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: March 2022

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Form L-M test is widely used in Indonesia to assess the academic capacity of elementary school students. However, its predictive power upon academic achievements has not been examined. This research represents a preliminary attempt at closing this gap. Stanford-Binet scores obtained 1 to 3 years earlier were used to explain variations in three subject marks of 156 an Elementary School from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Grades. Simple regression analysis shows that 4.3% to 25.4% of the variance can be explained by Stanford-Binet scores, indicating a low to moderate predictive power. The results suggest a limited predictive power of the Stanford-Binet Form L-M test for applications in the assessment of the academic capacity of elementary school children.
Maqasid-based Perspective and Its Impact on Directing Laws of Jurisprudence on Family by Malikite School | النظر المقاصــدي عند المــالكية وأثــره في ترشيد فقه الأســرة
Authors: Wasfi Abdul Aziz
Published: March 2022

This research examines the concept of Islamic law and its treatment of the subject of the family in terms of its importance as the first cell in the building of society, as well as the statement of its rights, its sound foundations and its strong pillars that guarantee its stability and preserve its existence and durability.One of these pillars is its system of rights, which is the safety valve for its preservation and stability, to ensure its proper use and to avoid any abuse in the light of the fact that Western culture and its intellectual payload promote a declaration of war on the Islamic family rights system as overriding rights Was a cause of the injustice inflicted on women, it is no longer valid for our living reality.The researchers chose the issue of letting the wife to prepare herself for the beginning of a stable family life as a model of study based on the legal texts, fiqh, fatwas of scholars and family calamities in the subject.
Mukena: A balance between the Indonesian women's prayer dress and the hadiths on the prayer of prophet's wives | موكينا: موازنة بين لباس صلاة المرأة الإندونيسية وأحاديث صفة صلاة أمهات المؤمنين
Authors: Fatihunnada Fatihunnada , Faricha Nur , Salim Hasan Basri
Published: March 2022

Mukena is a women's prayer dress in Indonesia. It is well known that the Nine Saints knew her in the fourteenth century AD, but the truth is that Nyai Mukena first knew her in Cirebon. Mokina is considered an Indonesian women's prayer dress. The prayer dress has standards that must be met for the validity of its use in prayer. The mothers of the believers wore the dress of prayer for the Arabs in the past, as mentioned in some narrations. This research analyzes Mukena's hadiths about the dress of the mothers of the believers' prayer.This research is written using the analytical method by searching for hadiths of the prayer dress of the mothers of the believers, looking at the explanation of the hadiths, and analyzing them in the Arabic traditions in Mukena. The method of writing this research is the library method of collecting sources, references and scientific theses related to this research.One of the results of this research is that Mukena is the prayer dress of Indonesian Muslim women. It is the result of Indonesian culture, and is said to be the result of adaptation by the Nine Saints in the revival of Islamic law. The hadiths describing women’s prayer dress indicate that Islamic law has standards in prayer dress, which are not to show a woman’s private parts. Islamic law does not require the form of dress, and all Muslim women must use the local dress that meets the conditions for covering the private parts of the body in prayer.
Symbolic Miracles of the Qur’an (A Study on “Fenomenologi Alquran” by Luqman Abdul Qahar Sumabrata) | الإعجاز الرمزي للقرآن الكريم (دراسة في كتاب "Fenomenologi Alquran" عند الأستاذ لقمان عبد القهار سومابراتا)
Authors: Syihab Usman , Novrita Novrita
Published: March 2022

This research deals with the symbolic miracles of the Qur’an  in term of symbolic  meaning contained in the Qur’an, from letters, numbers, names of surah and juz according to Luqman Abdul Qahar Sumabrata in his book “Fenomenologi Alquran”. The research aims to know some symbols in the Qur’an and tries to reveals the philosophy and meaning for each of the symbols. Discovering the philosophy and meanings of the Qur’an’s symbols can help to expand the fields of Qur’anic sciences and to show more aspects of the miraculous of the Qur’an. This research uses the inductive-analytical method, a library method and personal interview and dialogue with Lukman’s students. Among the results of this research  are; that each of the elements in the Qur’an has a philosophy and a specific meaning related to the universe and humans, letters are the key to understanding the Qur'an, while numbers are the linking form of every elements which have dual forms and broad meanings. The research also reveals that names of surah and the arrangement of juz are depictions of cosmic and human psyche.