bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
디지털 시대에서 온라인과 프린트 저널의 인용 패턴1)
Authors: 조 수영
Published: June 2024

목 적: 이 연구는 연구자가 프린트로만 이용 가능한 저널보다 온라인이 가능한 저널을 더 많이 인용하는지 아닌지를 조사함 으로써, 인용 패턴에서 나타나는 온라인 저널의 영향력을 평가하기 위해 시행되었다.
범 위: 조사 대상은 도심에 있는 큰 규모의 종합대학으로, 의과대학이 있고 지방에 작은 규모의 캠퍼스를 가지고 있는 대학 의 출판물이다. 따라서 이 두 캠퍼스의 연구자가 이용할 수 있는 온라인 저널의 수는 동일한 반면, 대규모 캠퍼스에서 이용할 수 있는 프린트 저널은 소규모 캠퍼스에서 이용 가능한 프린트 저널보다 훨씬 많다.
방 법: 선택된 대학의 의과대학 소속 저자들이 집필한 1996년부터 2005년까지의 모든 논문을 Web of Science에서 검색 했다. 임의로 선택된 논문에 인용된 참고문헌을 기록하고, 그 인용된 저널이 연구된 기관에서 어떤 방법으로 이용 가능했는 지 print only, print and online, online only, not owned, dropped 의 다섯 가지 카테고리로 나누었다. 결과는 SPSS로 분석했고, 선택된 기간 중 인용된 논문의 연수(age) 뿐 아니라 2006, 2007년도 자료도 함께 조사했다.
결 과: 인용되는 저널의 수는 해마다 증가하고 있었다. 대규모 도심 캠퍼스에서 연구자는 온라인이 가능한 저널을 더 많이 인용하거나 프린트로만 이용 가능한 저널을 더 적게 인용하지는 않았다. 지방 캠퍼스의 경우에는 프린트로만 이용 가능한 저 널의 수가 적었고, 이의 이용은 의미 있게 감소했다.
고찰과 결론: 많은 프린트와 전자 장서를 소장하고 있는 도서관 이용자인 연구자들은 온라인 장서 중에서 대체가 가능함에도 불구하고, 프린트로만 이용 가능한 저널을 계속적으로 인용하는 것으로 나타났다. 적은 프린트 장서를 소장하고 있는 도서관 의 캠퍼스에서 출판된 논문들에서는 전자형태로 이용 가능한 저널이 더 자주 인용되었고, 프린트와 전자형태 모두 이용 가능 한 저널의 인용은 해가 갈수록 전체적으로 증가했다.
RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO APLICABLE A LOS CIUDADANOS DE LA UE, DE UN ESTADO PARTE DEL EEE, DE SUIZA Y A SUS FAMILIARES
Authors: Masanet Fernández Juan Manuel
Published: June 2024

Esta obra, eminentemente práctica, constituye un acercamiento a la realidad social con la que nos encontramos dentro la práctica diaria en materia migratoria en España. Desde casi tres décadas España es destino de una gran cantidad de migrantes que llegan por diversos motivos, fundamentalmente ilusionados con encontrar una mejor situación socio-laboral. Esta situación unida a la necesidad existente en nuestro mercado laboral de encontrar mano de obra en determinados sectores económicos, ha hecho que gran cantidad de inmigrantes hayan encontrado en España esa ilusión y, por consiguiente, que la mayoría de ellos hayan decidido instalarse en nuestro país de manera estable. El estudio del sistema jurídico español de extranjería se realiza con una visión eminentemente práctica, de forma que el estudio de la misma, ya sea total o parcial, se pueda entender con la suficiente claridad y cercanía. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta los criterios necesarios para que, además de las importantes reflexiones que se exponen, se pueda trabajar atendiendo a la practicidad. Esta obra presenta al alumnado, al profesional del Derecho y a toda persona interesada en el Derecho de la extranjería y de la nacionalidad una mejor comprensión, orientación y asesoramiento en estas materias, con la finalidad de facilitarles una adecuada defensa de los intereses del ciudadano extranjero.
Assessment of Economic Viability of Conversion of Open Cycle to Combined Cycle Gas Power Plant
Authors:   Transcorp Power Limited, Ugheli,, Fadare Oluwaseun , Ilori Olutosin , Akinbami John-Felix , Ilori Matthew
Published: June 2024

The paper identified the types of gas turbines available in the electric power generating system in Nigeria and assessed the economic viability of converting open cycle to combined cycle gas power plants in order to maximize the electricity generation output without further gaseous fuel consumption in the existing thermal plants in the country. Data were obtained through primary and secondary sources on all the operational power plants in Nigeria. These data were analyzed using engineering economy methods. The result showed that by using the average generation of each plant for a period of 3 years as a baseline for conversion, an additional 1142.1 MW would be obtained after conversion to combined cycle without increase in gas consumption. In addition, the result showed the NPV values and benefit-cost ratio were greater than zero and one respectively, indicating that the project is economically viable for each conversion process. The sensitivity analysis over a range of values from ±10 to ±30% of the investment cost did not affect the economic viability of the project. Furthermore, the result showed that the cost of generating electricity borne by the society is much lower for a combined cycle than for an open cycle. The study concluded that conversion of the gas turbine from open cycle to combined cycle is economically viable and an additional generation of 1142.1 MW can be obtained without increasing the gas consumption.
'Las putas no son mujeres'. Gestos teórico-literarios de Monique Wittig como posible huida y refugio de lesbianas y prostitutas
Authors: Corrales Devesa Andrea
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo examina de forma inductiva, fragmentaria e interdisciplinar las posibles relaciones entre la identidad lesbiana y la identidad de la prostituta a partir de operaciones y gestos teórico-literarios de la escritora y activista lesbofeminista francesa Monique Wittig. A partir del topos Lesbos-Safo, y la metáfora de la isla como lugar fronterizo, se revisan algunas de las propuestas de Wittig, significativas del feminismo materialista francés, desgranando algunas de sus operaciones como la resistencia al binarismo y a la abstracción del lenguaje, así como la huida como desplazamiento identitario, buscando su articulación con la identidad de la prostituta a partir de la idea de huida-refugio. El texto se articula metodológicamente a partir de la interpretación de una serie de lecturas seleccionadas, y concluye abriendo la discusión acerca de las potenciales afinidades entre estas dos identidades en fuga del sistema sexo-género.
Sillage
Authors: Dhérin Emilie
Published: June 2024

En 1934, paraît Madame 60 bis d'Henriette Valet, ouvrage salué pour sa maîtrise et sa facture du récit d'une jeune femme qui reste une semaine à l'Hôtel-Dieu pour donner naissance à son fils. Puis, plus rien. Henriette Valet disparaît. C'est seulement en 2019 que son texte est de nouveau édité. Sillage est un hommage à cette autrice, injustement oubliée.
Geographic disparities and temporal changes of diabetes-related mortality risks in Florida: a retrospective study
Authors: Deb Nath Nirmalendu , Odoi Agricola
Published: June 2024

Background

Over the last few decades, diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) have increased in Florida. Although there is evidence of geographic disparities in pre-diabetes and diabetes prevalence, little is known about disparities of DRMR in Florida. Understanding these disparities is important for guiding control programs and allocating health resources to communities most at need. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate geographic disparities and temporal changes of DRMR in Florida.

Methods

Retrospective mortality data for deaths that occurred from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Tenth International Classification of Disease codes E10–E14 were used to identify diabetes-related deaths. County-level mortality risks were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. Spatial Empirical Bayesian (SEB) smoothing was performed to adjust for spatial autocorrelation and the small number problem. High-risk spatial clusters of DRMR were identified using Tango’s flexible spatial scan statistics. Geographic distribution and high-risk mortality clusters were displayed using ArcGIS, whereas seasonal patterns were visually represented in Excel.

Results

A total of 54,684 deaths were reported during the study period. There was an increasing temporal trend as well as seasonal patterns in diabetes mortality risks with high risks occurring during the winter. The highest mortality risk (8.1 per 100,000 persons) was recorded during the winter of 2018, while the lowest (6.1 per 100,000 persons) was in the fall of 2010. County-level SEB smoothed mortality risks varied by geographic location, ranging from 12.6 to 81.1 deaths per 100,000 persons. Counties in the northern and central parts of the state tended to have high mortality risks, whereas southern counties consistently showed low mortality risks. Similar to the geographic distribution of DRMR, significant high-risk spatial clusters were also identified in the central and northern parts of Florida.

Conclusion

Geographic disparities of DRMR exist in Florida, with high-risk spatial clusters being observed in rural central and northern areas of the state. There is also evidence of both increasing temporal trends and Winter peaks of DRMR. These findings are helpful for guiding allocation of resources to control the disease, reduce disparities, and improve population health.
The mechanism of static postural control in the impact of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on gait performance in the elderly
Authors: Si Beili , Zhu Hao , Wei Xinmei , Li Shun , Wu Xueping
Published: June 2024

Background

Abnormal gait is prevalent among the elderly population, leading to reduced physical activity, increased risk of falls, and the potential development of dementia and disabilities, thus degrading the quality of life in later years. Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial roles of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry and static postural control in gait, and the reciprocal influence of lower limb muscle strength asymmetry on static postural control. However, research exploring the interrelationship between lower limb muscle strength asymmetry, static postural control, and gait performance has been limited.

Methods

A total of 55 elderly participants aged 60 to 75 years were recruited. Isokinetic muscle strength testing was used to assess bilateral knee extension strength, and asymmetry values were calculated. Participants with asymmetry greater than 15% were categorized as the Asymmetry Group (AG), while those with asymmetry less than 15% were classified in the Symmetry Group (SG). Gait parameters were measured using a plantar pressure gait analysis system to evaluate gait performance, and static postural control was assessed through comfortable and narrow stance tests.

Results

First, participants in the AG demonstrated inferior gait performance, characterized by slower gait speed, longer stance time and percentage of stance time in gait, and smaller swing time and percentage of swing time in gait. Spatial-temporal gait parameters of the weaker limb tended to be abnormal. Second, static postural control indices were higher in AG compared to SG in all aspects except for the area of ellipse during the comfortable stance with eyes open test. Third, abnormal gait parameters were associated with static postural control.

Conclusion

Firstly, elderly individuals with lower limb muscle strength asymmetry are prone to abnormal gait, with the weaker limb exhibiting poorer gait performance. Secondly, lower limb muscle strength asymmetry contributes to diminished static postural control in the elderly. Thirdly, the mechanism underlying abnormal gait in the elderly due to lower limb muscle strength asymmetry may be linked to a decline in static postural control.
The human touch: a meta-analysis of anthropogenic effects on plant-pollinator interaction networks
Authors: López-Vázquez Karla , Lara Carlos , Corcuera Pablo , Castillo-Guevara Citlalli , Cuautle Mariana
Published: June 2024

Background

Anthropogenic activities significantly impact natural ecosystems, leading to alterations in plant and pollinator diversity and abundance. These changes often result in shifts within interacting communities, potentially reshaping the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks. Given the escalating human footprint on habitats, evaluating the response of these networks to anthropization is critical for devising effective conservation and management strategies.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of the plant-pollinator network literature to assess the impact of anthropization on network structure. We assessed network metrics such as nestedness measure based on overlap and decreasing fills (NODF), network specialization (H2’), connectance (C), and modularity (Q) to understand structural changes. Employing a meta-analytical approach, we examined how anthropization activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, agriculture, intentional fires and livestock farming, affect both plant and pollinator richness.

Results

We generated a dataset for various metrics of network structure and 36 effect sizes for the meta-analysis, from 38 articles published between 2010 and 2023. Studies assessing the impact of agriculture and fragmentation were well-represented, comprising 68.4% of all studies, with networks involving interacting insects being the most studied taxa. Agriculture and fragmentation reduce nestedness and increase specialization in plant-pollinator networks, while modularity and connectance are mostly not affected. Although our meta-analysis suggests that anthropization decreases richness for both plants and pollinators, there was substantial heterogeneity in this regard among the evaluated studies. The meta-regression analyses helped us determine that the habitat fragment size where the studies were conducted was the primary variable contributing to such heterogeneity.

Conclusions

The analysis of human impacts on plant-pollinator networks showed varied effects worldwide. Responses differed among network metrics, signaling nuanced impacts on structure. Activities like agriculture and fragmentation significantly changed ecosystems, reducing species richness in both pollinators and plants, highlighting network vulnerability. Regional differences stressed the need for tailored conservation. Despite insights, more research is crucial for a complete understanding of these ecological relationships.
Knowledge of Private Practitioners in Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Context of National Tuberculosis Elimination Program: A Cross-sectional Study from Gujarat, India
Authors: Rawal Shalin S , Gohel Manisha K , Shinde Mayur Kiran , Phatak Ajay Gajanan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) global Tuberculosis (TB) report in 2019, 10 million new cases of Tuberculosis were detected worldwide, with India being one of the significant contributors. After achieving some milestones in TB control, the Government of India launched the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) to end TB by 2025. The role of private practitioners in the success of national health programs in India cannot be overemphasised, considering they cater to three times more population than the public sector. Aim: To understand the knowledge and perceived bottlenecks of private practitioners in achieving the goals of NTEP. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted by Community Medicine Department of Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India, using a semi-structured questionnaire among randomly selected 110 doctors affiliated with the Indian Medical Association (IMA) from October 2020 to December 2020. The survey questionnaire was prepared by an experienced TB Chest expert and consensually validated. It covered all aspects of the Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) training modules. Descriptive statistics (Mean, SD, Frequency (%), etc.,) along with independent t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to present the profile of the participants as well as associated factors with the knowledge score. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 110 invitations, 97 (88%) doctors responded. Most of the respondents were males 71 (73%), specialists (81, 83.5%), and had been practicing for more than 20 years (66, 68%). The mean (SD) score was 3.31±1.27 out of six for Multiple Choice Questions and 8.05±3.77 out of 15 for True/False questions. Only 37 (38%) participants scored above the passing benchmark of 60%, indicating a substantial knowledge gap. A higher Outpatient Department (OPD) strength (>50 patients per day) and attending a TB training program by the Government were associated with a higher total score (p=0.018). Conclusion: The knowledge of private practitioners about the diagnosis and management of Tuberculosis was found to be suboptimal. Participants also expressed a few systemic challenges like poor communication and the complexity of the system in the notification of Tuberculosis cases. Innovative training programs, proper communication, and supportive supervision will help in engaging the private practitioners to achieve TB elimination goals.
Neuregelung nach dem Wachstumschancengesetz zur Verrechnungspreisbestimmung für grenzüberschreitende Finanzierungsbeziehungen durch § 1 Abs. 3d und 3e AStG
Authors: Keß Rebecca , Quilitzsch Carsten
Published: June 2024

Mit dem Wachstumschancengesetz wurde § 1 AStG um zwei neue Absätze ergänzt, die den Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz bei grenzüberschreitenden Finanzierungsbeziehungen konkretisieren und für Steuerpflichtige deutliche Verschärfungen (und gerade keine Wachstumschancen) mit sich bringen. Zwar ist zunächst zu begrüßen, dass der erste Aufschlag der Einführung einer sog. „Zinshöhenschranke“ im Gesetzgebungsverfahren fallen gelassen wurde. Die Alternativregelungen, die schließlich in die neuen Tatbestände des § 1 Abs. 3d und 3e AStG gegossen wurden, bieten aus Sicht des Rechtsanwenders aber ebenfalls keinen Anlass zur Freude. Denn die neuen Regelungen verschärfen nochmals die Anforderungen zur steuerlichen Anerkennung von Zins/- Aufwendungen derartiger Geschäftsvorfälle. Zusätzlich werden die ohnehin schon überbordenden Dokumentations- und Nachweispflichten noch weiter ausgedehnt. Im Nachfolgenden werden die neuen Tatbestände vorgestellt und die damit verbundenen Auslegungsschwierigkeiten und offenen Anwendungsfragen erörtert.
Association of
E
uropean Operational Research Societies
Authors: Speranza M. Grazia
Published: October 2012

The Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO) was formally constituted in 1976 as the first regional grouping within the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS). From the outset, EURO succeeded in enabling close cooperation between academics and practitioners across Europe. This paper shows how the Association has built on these foundations to adapt and grow, while maintaining its original aim of promoting Operational Research (OR) throughout Europe.
Band Engineering of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Pei Yanzhong , Wang Heng , Snyder G. J.
Published: October 2012

Lead chalcogenides have long been used for space‐based and thermoelectric remote power generation applications, but recent discoveries have revealed a much greater potential for these materials. This renaissance of interest combined with the need for increased energy efficiency has led to active consideration of thermoelectrics for practical waste heat recovery systems—such as the conversion of car exhaust heat into electricity. The simple high symmetry NaCl‐type cubic structure, leads to several properties desirable for thermoelectricity, such as high valley degeneracy for high electrical conductivity and phonon anharmonicity for low thermal conductivity. The rich capabilities for both band structure and microstructure engineering enable a variety of approaches for achieving high thermoelectric performance in lead chalcogenides. This Review focuses on manipulation of the electronic and atomic structural features which makes up the thermoelectric quality factor. While these strategies are well demonstrated in lead chalcogenides, the principles used are equally applicable to most good thermoelectric materials that could enable improvement of thermoelectric devices from niche applications into the mainstream of energy technologies.
Two faces of earnest A. Hooton
Authors: Giles Eugene
Published: October 2012

The American Anthropological Association's multimedia project, “Race: Are We So Different?” alleges that Earnest A. Hooton (1887–1954) of Harvard University was a racist eugenicist who “perhaps more than any other scientist of his time… did more to establish racial stereotypes…” and infers racism from his having sat on a National Research Council Committee on the Negro in the 1920s. I take issue with this perspective to argue against Hooton as a racist by exploring Hooton's relationship with African American students, particularly Caroline Bond Day, and with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People when it awarded a medal to Charles R. Drew, M.D. In the heyday of eugenics, Hooton was an atypical eugenicist in espousing a resolutely nonracial view of the woes of humankind perpetuated by what he considered the biologically unfit. As eugenics and Nazism became conflated in the late 1930s, Hooton hewed to a path that was more antiracist than many of his anthropological colleagues and publicly disputed Nazi racial ideology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New copoly(urethane‐methacrylate)s obtained by adjusting the content of the poly(1,2‐propanediol ortho‐phthalate): Transparent, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Gao Lijun , Zhou Liming , Fang Shaoming , Wu Chao
Published: October 2012

A series of new crosslinked copoly(urethane‐methacrylate)s (CPUAs) were synthesized by the polymerization of new urethane–methacrylate macromonomers with double bonds at the end of the chain, which were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate, β‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, different content of poly(1,2‐propanediol ortho‐phthalate) (PPP), and poly(ethylene glycol) 600. The properties of CPUAs were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, water uptake, and optical properties testing, and mechanical performance measurements. The results revealed that the greater PPP contents in the CPUAs lead to the higher glass transition temperature, hardness, lower thermal stability, and water uptake. Obtained CPUAs present the good transparence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polyaniline/Ag nanocomposite synthesized by using aniline as dispersant and stabilizer of nanosilver sol
Authors: Li Zhihua , Li Yanbo , Lu Jianti , Zheng Feng , Laven Jozua , Foyet Adolphe
Published: October 2012

Polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) nanocomposite was successfully prepared by in‐situ polymerization from nanosilver sol using aniline (An) as both dispersant and stabilizer and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD SEM, TEM and electrochemical methods, respectively. The results showed that core‐shelled composite particles of less than 100 nm were synthesized with PANI as shell formed around a core of silver nanoparticles at higher aniline levels. Compared to pure PANI, PANI/Ag nanocomposites have higher electrical conductivity (65.98 S/cm) and current response and capacitance as well. Potentio dynamic polarization showed the anodic shifting of zero current potential and a lower exchange current density for the PANI/Ag composite. Compared with PANI, the PANI/Ag nanocomposite is a promising candidate for coatings with improved anti‐corrosion performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Equilibrium Selection, Similarity Judgments, and the “Nothing to Gain/Nothing to Lose” Effect
Authors: Leland Jonathan W.
Published: October 2012

Rubinstein and Leland have both demonstrated that many observed violations of expected and discounted utility can be explained if people employ similarity judgments to make choices. In this paper, I show that this decision process also explains which equilibria will be selected in single‐shot games with multiple equilibria and implies that play in games will be associated with anomalies in risky choice. Data supporting these predictions are presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When the Rule is Ruled Out: Exemplars and Rules in Decisions from Memory
Authors: Platzer Christine , Bröder Arndt
Published: October 2012

What are the cognitive processes underlying people's decisions from memory? Previous research suggests that these processes can be best described by strategies that are based on abstract knowledge about the decision task (e.g., cue–criterion relations). However, recent results show that different cue presentation formats trigger the use of different decision strategies and that exemplar‐based strategies can account for memory‐based decisions as well. In three experiments, this effect was replicated, and mediation analyses identified the quality of the underlying knowledge representation as the critical variable that determines decision behavior. This supports the view that exemplar‐based reasoning is used as a backup system if cue abstraction is hindered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of transcatheter approach for initial treatment of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
Authors: Hasan Babar Sultan , Bautista‐Hernandez Victor , McElhinney Doff B. , Salvin Joshua , Laussen Peter C. , Prakash Ashwin , Geggel Robert L. , Pigula Frank A.
Published: October 2012

Objective

To review the short and medium term outcome of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation (PVP) in patients with pulmonary atresia‐intact ventricular septum and non‐right ventricular dependant coronary circulation (PA/IVS non‐RVDCC).

Background

PVP in patients with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC has become more common in the past two decades. However, data on outcomes with this strategy are mixed.

Methods

Data were reviewed retrospectively for all patients with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC treated from 1996‐ 2010 at our institution. Patients who had severe neonatal Ebstein malformation, or initial interventional management at another institution were excluded.

Results

PVP was attempted in 30 of 50 patients (60%); 26 (87%) of these had a successful procedure. Twenty‐four patients (48%) had surgery without PVP. There were no deaths in the cohort. Complications of PVP included 5 (17%) myocardial perforations. Of those with successful PVP, 10 (38%) did not have surgery (PVP‐NS) and 16 (62%) had surgery (PVP‐S) prior to discharge. Tricuspid valve (TV) Z‐score was larger in the PVP‐NS than in PVP‐S patients, with median TV diameter Z‐scores of +0.7 (−0.9, 1.7) and −1.1 (‐2.8, 2), respectively (P = 0.01). Time from PVP to either hospital discharge (PVP‐NS group) or surgery (PVP‐S group) was significantly different between groups: 15 (7, 22) and 8 days (0, 46), respectively (P = 0.01). There were no differences in the number of trials or lowest arterial PaO2 off prostaglandins between groups. All patients in the PVP‐NS group had a biventricular circulation at a median follow‐up of 4.3 years.

Conclusions

The results of a collaborative approach to treating neonates with PA/IVS non‐RVDCC are excellent. Smaller TV size is associated with greater likelihood of surgery prior to discharge, and may serve as a surrogate for early RV inadequacy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Nearly‐Zero Thermal Expansion Along the Layer‐Stacking Axis of ZnSe‐Based Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ren Yang , Roushan Mojgan , Li Jing
Published: October 2012

Zero thermal expansion (ZTE) is a desired but rare material property. Herein we report a unique family of inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductors with general formula [ZnSe(L)0.5] (L = organic diamine) that exhibit nearly‐zero thermal expansion along the layer‐stacking axis in the temperature range of 5–300 K. The unit cell parameters and crystal structures of [ZnSe(en)0.5], [ZnSe(pda)0.5], [ZnSe(bda)0.5], and [ZnSe(ptda)0.5] (en = ethylenediamine, pda = propanediamine, bda = butanediamine, and ptda = pentanediamine) have been refined by the Rietveld method by using powder samples, and their thermal expansion properties have been analyzed and rationalized on the basis of their crystal structures and symmetry. [ZnSe(ptda)0.5] features a very small negative linear thermal expansion coefficient (–7.8 × 10–7 K–1) that approaches the smallest values reported to date.
Transition‐Metal Compounds Containing Alkynylsilyl Groups – Cyclopentadienyl Complexes
Authors: Hoffmann Florian , Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard
Published: October 2012

The synthesis of (alkynylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl complexes of titanium and manganese was studied. The titanium compounds PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4CpTiCl2 (1) and (PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4)2TiCl2 (2) were prepared by treating LiC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh with suitable titanium(IV) halides. The manganese compound PhC≡CMe2SiC5H4Mn(CO)3 (3) could be synthesized by treating Mn(CO)5Cl with TlC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh or LiC5H4SiMe2C≡CPh. Alternatively, the alkynylation of ClMe2SiC5H4Mn(CO)3 (6) with PhC≡CMgBr was also successful. In contrast, the direct complexation of (alkynylsilyl)cyclopentadiene or the direct alkynylsilylation of cymantrene were not feasible. Redox reactions and the desilylation of the cyclopentadienyl ring were hampering side reactions in all routes but to varying extent. All three complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 1 and 3 were also studied by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The molecular and crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Dinuclear Olefin and Alkyne Complexes of Platinum(II)
Authors: König Anja , Bette Martin , Bruhn Clemens , Steinborn Dirk
Published: October 2012

Bis(olefin) complexes of Zeise's dimer type – [{PtCl2(cis‐MeHC=CHMe)}2] (2) or [{PtCl2(c‐Hex)}2] (3, c‐Hex = cyclohexene) – were prepared by treatment of K2[PtCl4] in the presence of SnCl2 or K[PtCl3(cis‐MeHC=CHMe)] with the corresponding olefin. Zeise's dimer, [{PtCl2(H2C=CH2)}2] (1), was found to react in chloroform or dichloromethane with the internal alkynes RC≡CtBu (R = Me, tBu), provided that the cleaved‐off ethene was removed, to yield bis(alkyne) complexes of Zeise's dimer type [{PtCl2(RC≡CtBu)}2] (R = Me, 11; tBu, 12). Without removal of the ethene, mononuclear mixed ethene/alkyne complexes cis‐[PtCl2(H2C=CH2)(RC≡CtBu)] (R = Me, 8; tBu, 9) and cis‐[PtCl2(H2C=CH2)2] (10) were formed. Analogous reactions with alkynes RC≡CR′ bearing sterically less demanding substituents (R, R′ = Me, Et, nPr, Ph) led to (cyclobutadiene)platinum(II) complexes [PtCl2(C4R2R′2)] (R/R′ = Me/Me 4; Et/Et 5; Me/nPr 6) and [PtCl2(C4Me2Ph2)] (7). Furthermore, use of acetone (instead of CHCl3/CH2Cl2) as solvent in the reactions between 1 and sterically undemanding substituted alkynes resulted in bridge cleavage of Zeise's dimer (1) and in aldol addition and condensation reactions, thereby confirming why Chatt et al. in his analogous classical experiments (1961) observed only decomposition. Complexes 2–7 and 11/12 were isolated in pure states and fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements (2, 11, 12). For the dinuclear bis(olefin) (1–3) and bis(alkyne) complexes (11, 12) solvent‐dependent equilibria between the transoid and cisoid isomers were observed, and these could even be ascertained crystallographically for complex [{PtCl2(tBuC≡CtBu)}2] (12), which crystallized both as the transoid isomer 12a and as the cisoid isomer 12b·CHCl3. Furthermore, consistent with DFT calculations, NMR measurements provided evidence of fast rotation and of hindered rotation of olefin and alkyne ligands, respectively, resulting in conformational isomers in 8 and 11.
Regiospecific Calcium‐Mediated Intermolecular Hydrophosphanylation of Butadiynes with Diphenylphosphane Oxide
Authors: Al‐Shboul Tareq M. A. , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: October 2012

Calcium‐mediated hydrophosphanylation of diphenyl‐ and di(tert‐butyl)butadiyne (2,2,7,7‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐octadiyne) with diphenylphosphane oxide yields 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene‐2,3‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxide) and 2,2,7,7‐tetramethyl‐4‐octyne‐3,6‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxide), respectively. Alternatively, 1,4‐diphenylphosphanyl‐substituted 1,4‐butadienes are quantitatively oxidized by H2O2 to the corresponding 1,3‐butadiene‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphane oxides).
‘We police it ourselves’: Group processes in the escalation and regulation of violence in the night‐time economy
Authors: Levine Mark , Lowe Robert , Best Rachel , Heim Derek
Published: October 2012

The attempt to regenerate city centres has led to the creation of a ‘night‐time economy’ (NTE) based around alcohol‐led entertainment. This has been accompanied by an increase of violence. Using insights from social identity research on collective action, we argue that NTE violence can be viewed as a group‐level phenomenon. Twenty focus groups were conducted with participants who socialise together (total number of participants = 53). Participants discussed their experiences of the NTE, including violence. A thematic analysis of the transcripts drew out four ways in which NTE violence is discussed in group terms: intergroup violence, intragroup violence, intragroup intervention (escalation) and intragroup intervention (regulation). The analysis reveals that groups can have both negative and positive roles in NTE violence, including regulating fellow group members away from violence. In demonstrating the importance of intragroup regulation of violence in the NTE, we extend social identity research beyond the focus on intergroup crowd violence and reveal the practical potential of harnessing such processes in anti‐violence interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A feeling for the future: How does agency in time metaphors relate to feelings?
Authors: Richmond Jill , Clare Wilson J. , Zinken Jörg
Published: October 2012

Most cultures have metaphors for time that involve movement, for example, ‘time passes’. Although time is objectively measured, it is subjectively understood, as we can perceive time as stationary, whereby we move towards future events, or we can perceive ourselves as stationary, with time moving past us and events moving towards us. This paper reports a series of studies that first examines whether people think about time in a metaphor‐consistent manner (Study 1) and then explores the relationship between ‘time perspective’, level of perceived personal agency, and time representations (Study 2), the relationship between emotional experiences and time representation (Study 3), and whether this relationship is bidirectional by manipulating either emotional experiences (Study 4) or time representation (Study 5). Results provide bidirectional evidence for an ego‐moving representation of time, with happiness eliciting more agentic control, and evidence for a time‐moving passivity associated with emotional experiences of anxiety and depression. This bidirectional relationship suggests that our representation of time is malleable, and therefore, current emotional experiences may change through modification of time representations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution copy number analysis of IRF4 translocation‐positive diffuse large B‐cell and follicular lymphomas
Authors: Salaverria Itziar , Martin‐Guerrero Idoia , Burkhardt Birgit , Kreuz Markus , Zenz Thorsten , Oschlies Ilske , Arnold Norbert , Baudis Michael , Bens Susanne , García‐Orad Africa , Lisfeld Jasmin , Schwaenen Carsten , Szczepanowski Monika , Wessendorf Swen , Pfreundschuh Michael , Trümper Lorenz , Klapper Wolfram , Siebert Reiner
Published: October 2012

Translocations affecting chromosome subband 6p25.3 containing the IRF4 gene have been recently described as characteristic alterations in a molecularly distinct subset of germinal center B‐cell‐derived lymphomas. Secondary changes have yet only been described in few of these lymphomas. Here, we performed array‐comparative genomic hybridization and molecular inversion probe microarray analyses on DNA from 12 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded and two fresh‐frozen IRF4 translocation‐positive lymphomas, which together with the previously published data on nine cases allowed the extension of copy number analyses to a total of 23 of these lymphomas. All except one case carried chromosomal imbalances, most frequently gains in Xq28, 11q22.3‐qter, and 7q32.1‐qter and losses in 6q13‐16.1, 15q14‐22.31, and 17p. No recurrent copy‐neutral losses of heterozygosity were observed. TP53 point mutations were detected in three of six cases with loss of 17p. Overall this study unravels a recurrent pattern of secondary genetic alterations in IRF4 translocation‐positive lymphomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive genome characterization of solitary fibrous tumors using high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Bertucci François , Bouvier‐Labit Corinne , Finetti Pascal , Adélaïde José , Metellus Philippe , Mokhtari Karima , Decouvelaere Anne‐Valérie , Miquel Catherine , Jouvet Anne , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Pedeutour Florence , Chaffanet Max , Birnbaum Daniel
Published: October 2012

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare spindle cell tumors with limited therapeutic options. Their molecular basis is poorly known. No consistent cytogenetic abnormality has been reported. We used high‐resolution whole‐genome array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (Agilent 244K oligonucleotide chips) to profile 47 samples, meningeal in >75% of cases. Few copy number aberrations (CNAs) were observed. Sixty‐eight percent of samples did not show any gene CNA after exclusion of probes located in regions with referenced copy number variation (CNV). Only low‐level CNAs were observed. The genomic profiles were very homogeneous among samples. No molecular class was revealed by clustering of DNA copy numbers. All cases displayed a “simplex” profile. No recurrent CNA was identified. Imbalances occurring in >20%, such as the gain of 8p11.23–11.22 region, contained known CNVs. The 13q14.11–13q31.1 region (lost in 4% of cases) was the largest altered region and contained the lowest percentage of genes with referenced CNVs. A total of 425 genes without CNV showed copy number transition in at least one sample, but only but only 1 in at least 10% of samples. The genomic profiles of meningeal and extra‐meningeal cases did not show any differences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global demethylation in loss of imprinting subtype of wilms tumor
Authors: Ludgate Jackie L. , Le Mée Gwenn , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Rodger Euan J. , Weeks Robert J. , Reeve Anthony E. , Morison Ian M.
Published: October 2012

Epigenetic abnormalities at the IGF2/H19 locus play a key role in the onset of Wilms tumor. These tumors can be classified into three molecular subtypes depending on the events occurring at this locus: loss of imprinting (LOI), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), or retention of imprinting (ROI). As IGF2 LOI is a consequence of aberrant methylation, we hypothesized that this subtype of Wilms tumors might display global abnormalities of methylation. We therefore analyzed the methylation status of satellite DNA, as a surrogate for global methylation in 50 Wilms tumor patients. Satellite methylation was quantified by a methylation‐sensitive quantitative PCR. We confirmed hypomethylation of both satellite α (Sat α) and satellite 2 (Sat 2) DNA in Wilms tumor samples compared with normal kidney. In addition, we found that LOI tumors, unlike ROI or LOH ones, showed concordant hypomethylation of both Sat α and Sat 2 DNA. This would suggest that the LOI subtype of Wilms tumor, which unlike other subtypes results from an epimutation, has a global deregulation of methylation mechanisms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution genomic analysis suggests the absence of recurrent genomic alterations other than SMARCB1 aberrations in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Hasselblatt Martin , Isken Sarah , Linge Anna , Eikmeier Kristin , Jeibmann Astrid , Oyen Florian , Nagel Inga , Richter Julia , Bartelheim Kerstin , Kordes Uwe , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Frühwald Michael , Siebert Reiner , Paulus Werner
Published: October 2012

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare malignant pediatric brain tumor characterized by genetic alterations affecting the SMARCB1 (hSNF5/INI1) locus in chromosome band 22q11.2. To identify potential additional genetic alterations, high‐resolution genome‐wide analysis was performed using a molecular inversion probe single‐nucleotide polymorphism (MIP SNP) assay (Affymetrix OncoScan formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded express) on DNA isolated from 18 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded archival samples. Alterations affecting the SMARCB1 locus could be demonstrated by MIP SNP in 15 out of 16 evaluable cases (94%). These comprised five tumors with homozygous deletions, six tumors with heterozygous deletions, and four tumors with copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving chromosome band 22q11.2. Remarkably, MIB SNP analysis did not yield any further recurrent chromosomal gains, losses, or copy neutral LOH. On MIP SNP screening for somatic mutations, the presence of a SMARCB1 mutation (c.472C>T p.R158X) was confirmed, but no recurrent mutations of other cancer relevant genes could be identified. Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and SMARCB1 sequencing were highly congruent with that of the MIP SNP assay. In conclusion, these data further suggest the absence of recurrent genomic alterations other than SMARCB1 in AT/RT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric and Electro‐Optical Properties of Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: Pandey M. B. , Verma Rohit , Dhar R.
Published: October 2012

Antiferroelectric liquid crystals (AFLCs) are a recent class of materials in the family of liquid crystals which have high prospect of application in displays with better results as compared to conventional nematic displays. Beside technological applications, AFLCs are very interesting from the point of view of basic studies in soft condensed matter systems as these materials are showing various new sub‐phases, viz. SmCα*, SmCβ*, SmCγ*and many others with distinct macroscopic properties in a narrow temperature region in addition to the most common wide‐range low‐temperature SmCa*phase. In the present article, we report the structure of various sub‐phases of AFLCs, their dielectric behaviour and the electro‐optical response of some of the materials studied by our group.
A Brief Review of Carbazole‐Based Photorefractive Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: Manickam M. , Iqbal P. , Belloni M. , Kumar S. , Preece Jon A.
Published: October 2012

Liquid crystals are commonplace in technological devices, such as watch and computer displays and temperature and pressure monitors. Such materials are central to our technological lifestyles. Classically, liquid crystalline materials are based on a structural motif which could be classed as rod‐like (e.g. biphenyl derivatives) and in more recent times as disc‐like (e.g. triphenylene derivatives). The rod‐like materials are very attractive in terms of their chemical stability and their response to electric fields, both of which are a prerequisite for display devices, whereas disc‐like materials show promise as one‐dimensional conducting materials. Increasing scientific and technological requirements mean that new materials are continually sought to surpass the liquid crystalline materials which are presently known. Carbazole derivatives are well‐known interesting natural products. Several methods have been developed and reported in the literature for the synthesis of carbazole derivatives. There are several review articles published on the photorefractive properties of carbazole‐based materials. Chemical modification of the carbazole moiety to create a new class of discotic, calamitic and banana‐shaped liquid crystalline materials, which will have novel and enhanced photorefractive properties over the amorphous carbazole derivatives, will be discussed in this mini review.
Cops and Robbers on Graphs Based on Designs
Authors: Bonato Anthony , Burgess Andrea
Published: October 2012

We investigate the cop number of graphs based on combinatorial designs. Incidence graphs, point graphs, and block intersection graphs are studied, with an emphasis on finding families of graphs with large cop number. We generalize known results on Meyniel extremal families by supplying bounds on the incidence graphs of transversal designs, certain G‐designs, and BIBDs with Families of graphs with diameter 2, C4‐free, and with unbounded chromatic number are described with the conjectured asymptotically maximum cop number.
Sexual dimorphism in antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Zhang Zhen , Kong Xiangbo , Wang Hongbin
Published: October 2012

Insects rely heavily on olfaction to locate habitat, mates, and oviposition sites, while odorant molecules and the antennal olfactory sensory cells of insects are two indispensable components of olfactory response. Our previous work identified the sex pheromones and volatile compounds derived from host plant of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu, a serious economic pest of pines in northern China. However, little is known about the olfactory system of D. tabulaeformis, especially in females. To make a better understanding of the D. tabulaeformis olfactory response, we investigated the structure, innervation, numbers, and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of male and female moth, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The pinniform antennae of this moth bear five types of sensilla: trichoid (TS), basiconica (BS), styloconic (StS), and chaetica (ChS) sensilla, and belt‐type structures (BTSs). The BTSs are hollow and are not chemical sensilla. The ChSs occur on the scape. StS contain dendrite sheaths and four dendrites containing microtubules in their cores. The BS contents are continuous with that in the subsegments. The TSs were sexually dimorphic and could be divided into 12 subtypes based on dendrite number and form. TS1‐4 contained two, three, or four dendrites and were similar in both sexes. TS 5‐8 and TS 9‐12 occurred only on male and female antenna, respectively. We discussed the possible functions of these sensilla. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Er:YAG‐laser and sodium hypochlorite influence on bond to dentin
Authors: Saraceni Cintia Helena , Liberti Edson , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Cassoni Alessandra , Kodama Ricardo , Oda Margareth
Published: October 2012

Purpose:

The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the interference of previous application of sodium hypochlorite in the bond strength to dentin irradiated with Er:YAG laser (80 mJ, 2 Hz, 25 J/cm2), using two adhesive systems with different solvents (Adper Single Bond2 – 3M ESPE [SB] and Prime&Bond 2.1 – Dentsply [PB].

Study Design:

Ninety standardized dentin disks were treatment with phosphoric acid etching (PA), PA and 10% sodium hypochlorite (SH), Er:YAG laser (ER), ER and 10% SH. After surface preparation, samples received SB or PB followed by composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE)(n = 10). Tensile bond strength test was performed (0.5 mm/min) 24 h after bonding procedure and one treated dentin disk of each group was selected to scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) observations. Bond strength test data were evaluated by three‐way ANOVA and Tukey (P < 0.05) tests.

Results:

Tested systems had similar bonding behavior when applied with conventional method. SH produced no improvement in bond strength. Phosphoric acid etching either associated with SH, or not, provided higher bond strength values than ER. SEM showed typical ablation pattern on dentin after ER irradiation. SH application after PA promoted greater porosity in intertubular dentin exposing secondary tubules. SH used after ER irradiation showed more evident peritubular dentin. TEM results showed that both PA and ER exposed inter‐ and peri‐tubular dentin collagen fibers.

Conclusions:

Er:YAG irradiation had a negative influence on SB adhesive, and in both methods, association of SH did not completely remove collagen fiber network, but altered its configuration. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.