bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Topical Skin Adhesives An Option For Wound Closure Following Musculoskeletal Oncology Surgery? A STROCSS-Compliant Observational Study
Authors: Chobpenthai Thanapon , Poosiripinyo Thanate , Tuntarattanapong Pakjai , Thanindratarn Pichaya , Trathitephun Warayos
Published: February 2021

Background:2-octyl cyanoacrylate (2OCA) is a high-viscosity medical-grade tissue adhesive used routinely. However, no studies have evaluated its use in musculoskeletal oncology surgery. Methods:We enrolled 99 patients undergoing musculoskeletal oncology surgery. 2OCA was chosen for wound closure, and it was applied by a specific surgeon for all patients. Drying times for the adhesive were recorded, and photographs were obtained intra-operatively. Post-treatment follow-up constituted queries regarding pain level, and recording incisional dehiscence, wound infection, hematoma, and incisional bleeding. Data collection was performed post-operatively at 48 hours, 5–10 days, 14 days, and 30 days. Other adverse events were documented. Results:2OCA was applied to 110 incisions in 99 patients constituting 62 female patients and 37 male patients. The mean age of patients was 50.41 (±16.83) years; mean incision length was 10.24 (±5.7) cm; and the mean pain score using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.37 on post-operative day 7. The mean drying time was 1.81 (±0.59) minutes; 91 (91%) patients reported excellent and superior satisfaction, and the remaining patients reported “good” (6%) and “fair” (2%) satisfaction. The percentage of dehiscence, hematoma, and keloid formation was considerably low. Conclusion:2OCA was safe in musculoskeletal oncology surgical incisions in this study. The incidence of post-operative adverse events was low. However, some patients developed a hematoma. Post-operative pain was low, and patient satisfaction was high. 2OCA can be a practical alternative to traditional suture closure for skin incisions after musculoskeletal surgery.
The Experience of Intolerance of Uncertainty for Parents of Young People With a Restrictive Eating Disorder
Authors: Konstantellou Anna , Sternheim Lot , Hale Lucy , Simic Mima , Eisler Ivan
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to explore how parents of young people with a restrictive eating disorder (ED) experience and manage uncertainty. MethodsSeventeen parents of young people with a restrictive ED were recruited from multi-family therapy groups run within a specialised ED clinic. Five focus groups were conducted asking parents about their experience of uncertainty both prior and after the onset of their child’s illness. ResultsData were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis which yielded seven superordinate themes. (1) Anorexia nervosa and uncertainty, (2) Positive and negative experiences of uncertainty (3), Helpful and unhelpful ways of coping with uncertainty, (4) Parent’s self-efficacy and uncertainty (5), Needs of parents, (6) Parents’ perceptions of intolerance of uncertainty in their children and (7) Impact of uncertainty on family life. ConclusionParents caring for young people with a restrictive ED exhibit a strong intolerance of uncertainty, particularly in relation to their child’s illness. This ‘negative uncertainty’ was thought to reduce their confidence as parents in how they managed their child’s ED. Targeting high levels of intolerance of uncertainty in parents caring for young people with an ED could be beneficial for supporting parents when faced with their child’s illness, increasing parental self-efficacy, decreasing accommodating behaviours and ultimately contributing to improved treatment outcomes.
Comprehensive Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in an Abandoned Dye Factory of China Using SERA Methodology Based on Source Apportionment
Authors: Miao Fangfang , Zhang Yimei , Li Shuai , Duan Yaxiao , Lai Yuxian , Fang Qinglu , Li Zhiying , Lin Qianguo , Li Yu
Published: February 2021

Soil heavy metal contaminated sites with multiple sources of pollution have caused worldwide public concern. However, the lack of correlation of risk assessment or source identification of heavy metal leads to unclear direction of source governance. Although previous studies have involved different risk assessment, few attempts have been made to establish a link between them. In order to design a comprehensive risk assessment system, it is necessary to identify the specific source risks and the correlation and comparison between environmental risk assessment. In this paper, a methodology was established by combining source apportionment of ecological risks and human health risks (SERA) to characterize the sources and source-specific risks of heavy metals in soil. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify and classify potential sources of heavy metals in the study area. According to the results, they will be incorporated into the environmental risk model to evaluate environmental risk of the identified sources of heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Hg were highly above the background values, indicating a moderate enrichment. It was worth noting that the source contributed ecological risk index (SCEI) of Hg, with the value of 51.16 contributed mainly by the pollutant sources of waste treatment, has reached moderate ecological risk. The SCEI of Cd contributed by industrial activities (the wastewater and dyeing process) showed the most predominant source of contribution. The source contributed human health risk index (SCHI) of As contributed most by pollutant sources of agriculture activities. Overall, the modified total health risk posed by soil heavy metals SCHI was 1.11E+00, showing potential risk to the residents. This study provides a new insight for the treatment of mutil-sources of soil heavy metal pollution and also some reference value for the improvement of the risk assessment system.the main finding: Exploring a methodology (SERA) to quantitatively characterize the relationship between pollutants sources and environmental risk assessment based on source contribution.
Surface Quality and Geometric Accuracy Control of Fuel Nozzle Single-Pass Honing
Authors: Yang Changyong , Su Hao , Gao Shaowu , Fu Yucan , Ding Wenfeng , Xu Jiuhua
Published: February 2021

Surface quality and geometric accuracy are important evaluation indexes for machining quality of parts. In order to realize the quality control of nozzle honing, it is necessary to clarify the influence of honing parameters on surface roughness, dimension accuracy and shape accuracy. Cutting force is an important process parameter, which has an important influence on machining quality. The research on the influence of honing parameters on cutting force contributes to explain the honing process and the influence of honing parameters on machining quality. Therefore, the cutting force during honing was analyzed and modeled, and the influence of honing parameters on cutting force was clarified, and then the influence law of honing parameters on surface roughness, bore diameter and shape accuracy was explored. Finally, according to the processing requirements of fuel nozzles, the honing process optimization was carried out and the optimal processing parameters were obtained.
Diagnostic Workup for Endometrioid Borderline Ovarian Tumors (eBOT) Requires Histopathological Evaluation of the Uterus
Authors: Reichenbach Juliane , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mahner Sven , Trillsch Fabian
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFor young borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) patients, preservation of the uterus was incorporated as an accepted option into treatment guidelines. For the endometrioid subtype (eBOT) however, adequate histological evaluation is challenging and might be associated with synchronous endometrial disorders or misinterpreted as spread from uterine primaries. Case presentationWe report the cases of two young patients with eBOT who underwent treatment according to current guidelines. In both cases, unexpected findings of invasive uterine carcinomas were established in final histopathological evaluation.ConclusionsThis constellation highlights the challenging diagnostic workup of BOT and underlines that uterine curettage is indispensable for eBOT to exclude uterine primary tumors when fertility preservation is planned. Accordingly, this procedure needs to be included in recommendations for diagnostic workup and the potential risk should be clearly stated in treatment guidelines.
Evolutionary Responses of A Dominant Plant Along a Successional Gradient in A Salt-Marsh System
Authors: Chen Qingqing
Published: February 2021

The ecological responses of plant populations along the successional gradient have been intensively examined; however, the evolutionary responses remain to be elucidated. Here, I explored genetic changes of key phenotypic traits of a dominant plant along a successional gradient, and whether these changes were induced by abiotic and biotic variables. I measured key abiotic (e.g. clay thickness) and biotic variables (e.g. herbivore density) along the successional gradient in the high and low marsh in a Wadden Sea saltmarsh. Also, I collected samples of Elytrigia atherica, grew them in the greenhouse, and measured key functional traits. I found that clay thickness (a proxy of total nitrogen) increased along the successional gradient both in the high and low marsh; herbivore density from hares (the most important herbivores) decreased along the successional gradient in the high marsh. Also, I found that growth in number of leaves and ramets decreased, while rhizome length increased, along the successional gradient for E. atherica collected from the high marsh. Opposite trends were found for E. atherica collected from the low marsh. Results suggest that, in the high marsh, herbivores may overrule nutrients to drive trait changes. That is, at early successional stages, E. atherica had higher growth in number of leaves and ramets to compensate for high-density grazing. In the low marsh, nutrients were the dominant driver for trait changes. These results suggest that ecologically important abiotic and biotic variables such as nutrients and herbivores may also have a substantial evolutionary impact on plant populations.
COVID-19 Lockdown Disrupts Support Networks Integral to Maintaining Foot Health: A Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Cherry Lindsey , Gates Lucy , Culliford David , Walker-Bone Karen , Portillo Mari-Carmen
Published: February 2021

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, populations were advised to remain at home to control viral spread. Government-mandated restrictions on free movement affected individuals’ engagement with physical activity, with reported increases leading to biopsychosocial health benefits and conversely increased sedentary behaviour leading to poorer health. Good foot health is key to enabling physical activity and maximal participation in activities of occupation and daily living.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was performed, using a web-based platform. Quantitative and qualitative data were captured through responses to open survey questions. Anybody with a foot health condition was eligible to participate in the online survey. Links were sent through professional networks, support groups and charities, using a snowball strategy to maximise participation.Results: 255 respondents completed the survey. Most (n=193, 75.69%) reported an ongoing foot pain or problem that had been present for four weeks or longer, whilst 49 respondents (19.22%) noted a new pain or problem. Pain was the most frequently reported symptom (n=139, 54.51%), whilst change in appearance of the foot was also commonly reported (n=122, 47.84%), often alongside the observable presence of swelling. Musculoskeletal foot symptoms were frequently reported (n=123, 48%), and were significantly associated with reported reduced physical activity (X2=6.61, p=0.010). Following qualitative analysis five themes and 11 subthemes emerged, informed by 49 independent codes. A central theme of lockdown disrupting support networks, both formal (healthcare providers) and informal (friends or family members) emerged. The 5 sub-themes were: 1. foot pain is a constant companion, 2. self-care, 3. ‘cope or crumble’ scenarios, 4. future intent to access healthcare and 5. reduced ability to undertake physical activity.Conclusions: COVID-19 lockdown restrictions disrupted support networks integral to maintaining foot health. Foot pain was common and poor foot health impacted people’s ability to remain physically active during lockdown. Foot problems previously considered relatively ‘minor’ such as support for skin and nail care were exacerbated by the restricted support networks leading to greater negative impact. Lockdown highlighted a lack of support to self-care.
Natural geometric unit system and electron magnetic moment anomaly
Authors: Kowalski Janusz "Jani"
Published: February 2021

Consequences of implementation of the natural geometric unit system (the SG) based on the pre-2019 SI system, in which four fundamental physical constants undergo joint numerical and dimensional normalization to unity c = G = k = h = 1, with only one base geometric unit u equal to √|h · G/c3| m, where the Newtonian gravitational constant G ≈ 6.673 655 205 · 10-11 m3/(kg · s2), are further explored. In addition to the earlier hypothesized simple electron mass to charge ratio formula me = e/(29πα), and formulas for stable quarks rest masses: quark u mu = √(⅔) / (27π √(πα)) u, equivalent of 2.360 MeV/c2 and quark d md = √(⅓)-1 / (27π √(πα)) u, equivalent of 5.007 MeV/c2, a simple formula for electron magnetic moment anomaly is proposed α/2π - (α/2π)2 - 28(α/2π)3 - 212(α/2π)4 - 216(α/2π)5 - 224(α/2π)6 ≈ 0.001 159 652 180. The finding supports the research area of purely geometric modelling of the fundamental physical forces and their unification. It seems plausible, that in the SG, with use of half integer powers of 2, 3, π and α only, all the fundamental properties of stable matter and electromagnetic radiation could be described.
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of the Gut Microbiome and Lithocholic Acid on Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Shao Junwei , Ge Tiantian , Chen Senzhong , Chen Zhi
Published: February 2021

Background: Lithocholic acid are essential signaling molecules that mediate the relationship between the gut microbiome and liver function by regulating inflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of lithocholic acid in liver fibrosis. Methods: A liver fibrosis mouse model was induced by carbon tetrachloride followed by gavage of lithocholic acid, and the effects of lithocholic acid were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis and liver histology. Plasma cytokine levels and the number of immune cells were determined by cytometric bead array and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Lithocholic acid treatment increased the recruitment of NK cells and reduced the activation of NKT cells, and reduced M1 macrophages differentiation and increased M2 macrophages differentiation. Furthermore, the lithocholic acid prevented inflammatory liver disease by reducing TNF-α and IL-22 secretion. However, the effect of lithocholic acid disappeared when the host gut microbiome was treated with antibiotics. Conclusions: It showed that the activation of lithocholic acid-mediated signaling was linked to the inhibition of inflammation and improvement of liver fibrosis. The role of lithocholic acid in liver fibrosis is mediated by the gut microbiome. The association between the gut microbiome, lithocholic acid, and liver function can serve as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
A Methyl Esterase 1 (PvMES1) Promotes the Salicylic Acid Pathway and Enhances Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Common Beans
Authors: Xue Renfeng , Feng Ming , Chen Jian , Ge Weide , Blair Matthew W.
Published: February 2021

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food legume. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli is one of the most serious soil-born diseases of common bean found throughout the world and affects the yield and quality of the crop. Few sources of Fusarium wilt resistance exist in legumes and most are of quantitative inheritance. In this study, we have identified a methyl salicylate esterase (MES), PvMES1, that contributes to plant defense response by regulating the salicylic acid (SA) mediated signaling pathway in response to Fusarium wilt in common beans. The result showed the role of PvMES1 in regulating SA levels in common bean and thus the SA signaling pathway and defense response mechanism in the plant. Overexpression of the PvMES1 gene enhanced Fusarium wilt resistance; while silencing of the gene caused susceptibility to the diseases. RNA-seq analysis with these transiently modified plants showed that genes related to SA level changes included the following gene ontologies: a) interaction between host and pathogen; b) phenylpropanoid synthesis; and c) sugar metabolism as well as others. These key signal elements activated the defense response pathway in common bean to Fusarium wilt. Collectively, our findings indicate that PvMES1 plays a pivotal role in regulating SA biosynthesis and signaling, and increasing Fusarium wilt resistance in common bean, thus providing novel insight into the practical applications of both SA and MES genes and pathways they contribiute to for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced broad-spectrum resistance to this critical disease.
Exploration of The Biocontrol Potential of Halophilic Bacteria Against Sclerotium Oryzae and Rhizoctonia Solani
Authors: Nagaraju Yalavarthi , swamy Mahadeva , Gundappagol R.C. , Naik Nagaraj M , Rao K. Narayana
Published: February 2021

There is a pressing need for biocontrol agents to control soil borne plant pathogens through biocontrol agents. The focus of this research was on the interactions of halophilic bacterial isolates with the phytopathogenic fungi such as Sclerotium oryzae and R. solanii. The biocontrol ability of fifty bacterial strains isolated from saline soils of the Koppal (Gangavathi) and Raichur districts was assessed in vitro. Eight isolates, HB-10, HB-17, HB-28, HB-30, HB-39, HB-48, HB-49 and HB-50 showed strong antifungal activity against S. oryzae and R. solani in dual culture method. These prospective isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus (HB-48 and HB-49), Bacillus albus (HB-17), Bacillus safensis (HB-28), Staphylococcus xylosus (HB-39), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (HB-50) and Pseudomonas stutzeri (HB-10 and HB-30) based on 16S rRNA analysis. We found a link between isolates producing HCN, siderophore and hydrolytic enzymes and the biocontrol function of isolates. The isolate B. albus (HB-17), produced both catechol and hydroximate type of siderophores, confirmed in Arnow’s and Csaky’s tests. All isolates were tested for drug resistance and were shown to be immune to penicillin, oflaxacin and vancomycin. In addition, these isolates were investigated at three NaCl concentrations (3, 6 and 10 % w/v) for their plant growth promoting attributes viz., phosphorous, and zinc solubilization and potassium release. The solubilization zones of zinc carbonate, zinc oxide and phosphorous were within the range of 5.20 to 9.0 mm, 6.06 to 13.20 mm, 6.30 to 9.70 mm respectively, at 6 % NaCl concentration.
The Role of the Liliequist Membrane in the Third Ventriculostomy
Authors: Filho Jose Aloysio Costa Val , Gusmão Sebastião Nataniel da Silva , Furtado Leopoldo Mandic Ferreira , Filho Guaracy de Macedo Machado , Maciel Fernando Levi Alencar
Published: February 2021

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a hydrocephalus treatment procedure that involves opening the Liliequist membrane (LM). However, LM anatomy has not been well-studied neuroendoscopically, because approach angles differ between descriptive and microsurgical anatomical explorations. Discrepancies in ETV efficacy, especially among children age 2 and younger, may be due to incomplete LM opening. The objective of this study was to characterize the LM anatomically from a neuroendoscopic perspective to better understand the impact of anatomical features during LM ostomy and the ETV success rate. Additionally, the ETV success score was tested to predict patient outcome after the intraoperatively difficult opening of LM. Fifty-four patients who underwent ETV were prospectively analyzed with a mean follow-up of 53.1 months (1–90 months). The ETV technical parameters of difficulty were validated by seven expert neurosurgeons. The pediatric population (44) of this study represents the majority of patients (81.4%). The overall ETV success rate was 68.5%. Anomalies on the IIIVT floor resulted in an increased rate of ETV failure. The IIIVT was anomalous, and LM was thick in 33.3% of cases. Fenestration of LM was difficult in 39% of cases, and the LM and TC were opened separately in 55.6% of cases. The endoscopic third ventriculostomy success score (ETVSS) accurately predicted the level of difficulty opening the LM (p = 0.012), and the group with easy opening presented greater durability in ETV success. Neurosurgeons should be aware of the difficulty level of the overture of LM during ETV and its impact on long-term ETV effectiveness.
Design of Non-Mapping Code in Spectral and Special Domain With Variable Weight and OFDM System 
Authors: GUPTA SUMIT kumar
Published: February 2021

Paper has been proposed the design of non-mapping code in spectral and spatial domain with variable weight coding system and new hybrid concept of OFDM–SAC OCDMA was also explored in spectral and spatial domain. The one dimensional non mapping coding system has been extended in spectral as well as in spatial domain. Extension of code in two dimensional domains enlarges the performance, in comparison to the existing systems. The performance of system is justified by measuring the bit error rate of system against the optical system parameters. The BER is affected by varying the numbers of subscriber, data rate and power requirement for the system. The BER performance was evaluated with above mentions parameters and systems shows the better performance as compared to reported methods 2D-DPD, 2D-MD and 1D-Non mapping code. The user’s accommodation in system is higher than the 2D-DPD, 2D-MD and 1D-Non mapping code. The suggested system supports the 201% and 146% users as compared to the published methods 2D-DPD and 2D-MD Code at10-12 BER and similarly the power requirement at optimum BER is very low and system sustainability at high date rate also increases as compare to the existing schemes. The required received power for system is-12.8 dBm at 10-12 BER, which is lower as compared to the 2D-DPD and 2D-MD Codes. The system performance was determined with variation in weights in spectral and spatial dimension. The outputs observation for hybrid of OFDM with spectral/spatial OCDMA also executed where proposed system outputs effectively improve.
Organochlorine and Metal Contaminants in the Blood Plasma of Green Sturgeon Caught in Washington Coastal Estuaries
Authors: Layshock Julie , Webb Molly , Langness Olaf , Garza John Carlos , Heironimus Laura , Gundersen Deke
Published: February 2021

Non-invasive monitoring was used to evaluate the concentrations of forty contaminants in the blood plasma of the
North American Green Sturgeon Acipenser medirostris caught and released from three estuaries in Washington State. The highest contaminant loads were found in fish caught in the most urbanized sites. Few statistical differences were found when evaluating contaminant levels according to sex, maturation stage, or distinct population segments of Green Sturgeon. The results indicate that recent exposure to legacy contaminants was reflected in Green Sturgeon plasma. Aldrin, 4,4-DDE, a-BHC, copper, and selenium were the most frequently detected contaminants. This study also explored the challenges of assessing toxicity in threatened species using non-lethal approaches. There is currently a lack of environmental contaminant monitoring data in estuaries frequented by Green Sturgeon and limited plasma to tissue toxicity correlations.
Silencing of The Slzf-31 Gene Decreases The Salt Stress Tolerance And Drought Tolerance Of Tomato
Authors: Pei Tong , Bao Yufang , Wu Tairu , Wang Ziyu , Wang Yue , Liu Qifeng , Yang Huanhuan , jiang Jingbin , Zhang He , Li Jingfu , Zhao Tingting , Xu Xiangyang
Published: February 2021

The SlZF-31 gene is a member of the tomato C2H2 transcription factor family. Previous studies have shown that SlZF-31 gene expression is upregulated under drought stress and salt stress, but the specific function of this gene in tomato plants in response to these two kinds of stress is still unclear. To further explore the function of the SlZF-31 gene in tomato under drought stress and salt stress, we employed the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method to reduce the expression of the SlZF-31 gene in tomato. The results showed that TRV2-SlZF-31 plants had higher levels of wilt and stem bending than CK and CK-TRV2 plants under drought and salt stress. The ABA content of TRV2-SlZF-31 plants were lower than those of CK and CK-TRV2 plants. The analysis of physiological indexes showed that the SOD and POD activity and the PRO content of TRV2-SlZF-31 plants were lower than those of CK and CK-TRV2 plants, while the MDA content of TRV2-SLlZF-31 plants was higher than those of CK and CK-TRV2 plants. The accumulation of H2O2 and O2- in TRV2-SlZF-31 plants was greater than those in CK and CK-TRV2 plants. The values of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (ΦII and qL) of TRV2-SlZF-31 plants were significantly lower than those of CK and CK-TRV2 plants. These results showed that the silencing of the SlZF-31 gene reduces the drought resistance and salt tolerance of tomato.
Cu2Te-PVA as Saturable Absorber for Generating Q-switched Erbium-doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Ahmad Harith b , Azmy Nur Fatini , Reduan Siti Aisyah , Yusoff Norazriena , Kadir Zamzuri Abdul
Published: February 2021

A passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using copper telluride-polyvinyl alcohol (Cu2Te-PVA) thin film as saturable absorber (SA) was proposed and demonstrated. The generated Q-switched pulses could be tuned over a tuning range of 44 nm from 1530 nm to 1574 nm, with the addition of a tunable bandpass filter (TBPF) into the C-band laser cavity. The pump power of 130.1 mW to 221.0 mW was used to observe the output pulses, which had repetition rates from 51.3 kHz to 61.7 kHz, with a minimum pulse width of around 1.84 µs and highest pulse energy of 7 nJ. The generated pulses were stable with a constant signal to noise ratio (SNR) value of around 51 dB when tested under continuous operation over a period of 60 minutes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of Q-switched pulses induced by a Cu2Te-PVA based SA in an EDFL.
Contamination, Identification and Distribution of Microplastic in Sediments, Surface Seawater and Four Species of Fish on the Northern Shores of the Persian Gulf, south of Iran
Authors: Agharokh Ali , Taleshi Mojtaba , Bibak Mehdi , Rasta Majid , Jafroudi Hor , Armesto Belén
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate Microplastic pollution (MPs) in important ports of the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. MPs were identified on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf in three compartments: sediment, seawater, and four species of fish. In December 2019, sampling was conducted in 7 sampling areas. In this study, 357 MPs were identified in all samples. The predominant polymer in MPs was polypropylene (PP) and later polyethylene (PE). The most polluted areas in terms of MPs in sediments, seawater, and fish were Bushehr, Bandar Abbas, and Qeshm. The fiber was the predominant form of MPs in all sampling stations and those samples taken from the surface seawater, sediments, and fish. The presence of fishing ports with fishing tools, commercial ports, the tourist attractions, and the tourist industry in these areas was an important factor controlling the distribution of MPs in these areas.
Reintroduction of Immunosuppressive Medications in Pediatric Rheumatology Patients With Histoplasmosis: A Case Series
Authors: Brown Rachel , Barbar-Smiley Fatima , Yildirim-Toruner Cagri , Ardura Monica I. , Ardoin Stacy P. , Akoghlanian Shoghik
Published: February 2021

Background: Children with rheumatic diseases (cRD) receiving immunosuppressive medications (IM) are at a higher risk for acquiring potentially lethal pathogens, including Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis), a fungal infection that can lead to prolonged hospitalization, organ damage, and death. Withholding IM during serious infections is recommended yet poses risk of rheumatic disease flares. Conversely, reinitiating IM increases risk for infection recurrence. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFai) biologic therapy carries the highest risk for histoplasmosis infection after epidemiological exposure, so other IM are preferred during active histoplasmosis infection. There is limited guidance as to when and how IM can be reinitiated in cRD with histoplasmosis. This case series chronicles resumption of IM, including non-TNFai biologics, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and corticosteroids, following histoplasmosis among cRD.Case Presentation: We examine clinical characteristics and outcomes of 9 patients with disseminated or pulmonary histoplasmosis and underlying rheumatic disease [juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)] after reintroduction of IM. All DMARDs and biologics were halted at histoplasmosis diagnosis, except hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and patients began antifungals. Following IM discontinuation, all patients required systemic or intra-articular steroids during histoplasmosis treatment, with 4/9 showing Cushingoid features. Four patients began new IM regimens [2 abatacept (ABA), 1 HCQ, and 1 methotrexate (MTX)] while still positive for histoplasmosis, with 3/4 (ABA, MTX, HCQ) later clearing their histoplasmosis and 1 (ABA) showing decreasing antigenemia. Collectively, 8/9 patients initiated or continued DMARDs and/or non-TNFai biologic use (5 ABA, 1 tocilizumab, 1 ustekinumab, 3 MTX, 4 HCQ, 1 leflunomide). No fatalities, exacerbations, or recurrences of histoplasmosis occurred during follow-up (median 33 months).Conclusions: In our cohort of cRD, histoplasmosis course following reintroduction of non-TNFai IM was favorable, but additional studies are needed to evaluate optimal IM management during acute histoplasmosis and recovery. In this case series, non-TNFai biologic, DMARD, and steroid treatments did not appear to cause histoplasmosis recurrence. Adverse events from corticosteroid use were common. Further research is needed to implement guidelines for optimal use of non-TNFai (like ABA), DMARDs, and corticosteroids in cRD following histoplasmosis presentation.
Flexible Paper-Based Polyacrylic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticle Film Sensors Prepared by Inkjet Printing for Efficient Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Peng Mingyue , Lv Dawu , Shen Wenfeng , Song Weijie , Tan Ruiqin
Published: February 2021

A series of disposable gas-sensing paper-based film sensors were prepared rapidly by inkjet printing polyacrylic acid-coated silver nanoparticle (PAA/AgNP) ink onto the ordinary copy paper. The surface morphologies and chemical structures of the printed PAA/AgNP based sensing films with various thicknesses and spacing widths of interdigital electrodes were characterized. The electrical properties and the gas sensing performance of the film sensors were investigated and the results showed that the PAA/AgNP film sensors presented excellent selectivity, reproducibility and long-term stability to ammonia (NH3) gas at room temperature. The response of the PAA/AgNP film sensor to NH3 with the concentration of 25 ppm is 42.6% at 20℃ and 50% relative humidity (RH). The influences of thickness, spacing of interdigital electrodes and relative humidity on the sensing properties of the PAA/AgNP film sensors were also discussed and analyzed. Additionally, the PAA/AgNP film sensor presented perfect flexible stability and showed minor change in response value after 100 folding/extending cycles with the angle of 90°. In conclusion, the proposed high-performance paper based PAA/AgNP thin film sensor holds great promise for flexible, low-cost, portable, disposable and recyclable application in detecting NH3 at room temperature.
Fabrication, Illumination Dependent Electrical and Photovoltaic Properties of Au/BOD-Pyr/n-Si/In Schottky Diode
Authors: Ongun Onur , Taşcı Enis , Emrullahoğlu Mustafa , Akın Ümmühan , Tuğluoğlu Nihat , EYMUR SERKAN
Published: February 2021

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based BOD-Pyr compound was synthesized according to the literature and ﻿ HOMO and LUMO energies of the BOD-Pyr were calculated by DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) method using on Gaussian 09W. Au/BOD-Pyr/n-Si/In Schottky diode were fabricated using ﻿thermal evaporation and spin coating technique. The electronic and photovoltaic properties of Au/BOD-Pyr/n-Si/In photodiode have been investigated by current-voltage (I-V) measurements at dark and under various illumination intensities. ﻿The calculated ideality factor and barrier height of the diode in dark were found to be 2.84 and 0.75 eV, respectively. These parameters were also obtained under 100 mW/cm2 illumination level as 1.55 and 0.87 eV, respectively. The values of open-circuit voltage and short circuit current density were obtained as 0.26 V and 0.56 mA/cm2 under the illumination level of 100 mW/cm2. These all findings suggest that Au/BOD-Pyr/n-Si/In device can be used as photodiode in optoelectronic applications.
Band Gap Narrowing and Electrical Properties of (1-x)BaTiO3-xSrFe0.5Nb0.5O3 Lead-Free Ceramics
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Deng Hongmei , Zheng Dongliang , Pan Yanlin , Si Shufang , Zhang Yuemin , Yang Pingxiong , Chu Junhao
Published: February 2021

The composite materials in the form of (1-x)BaTiO3-xSrFe0.5Nb0.5O3((1-x)BT-xSFN) are synthesized via the solid-state reaction route. Structure, optical behaviors and electrical properties of (1-x)BT-xSFN are studied. It can be noted that the structure of the synthesized solid solution changes from the tetragonal phase to the cubic phase with increase of x-value. Due to the increase in content of double perovskite SFN, the optical band gaps of doped BT decrease to a minimum of 2.66 eV, which is smaller than that of pure BT (3.21 eV). However, the ferroelectric property deteriorates with the addition of dopants, which result from the lattice distortion caused by the substitution of Sr2+ and Fe3+/Nb5+ for Ba2+ and Ti4+, respectively. These results provide new insights into the control of the structure, optical behaviors and ferroelectric properties in BT-based oxides.
Direct Bare Metal Needle Puncture and Balloon Angioplasty in Calcified Plaques of the Common Femoral Artery Guided by Angiography (“BAMBOO SPEAR”)
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Hirano Satoshi , Shakya Sandeep , Kanda Junji
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSurgical endarterectomy for common femoral artery (CFA) disease is still considered the gold standard for treatment. Development of various techniques and devices has improved the clinical results of endovascular therapy (EVT) for CFA. However, severe conditions remain, especially for occlusive lesions owing to calcified plaque. We developed a useful technique for passing a lesion by directly penetrating the calcified plaque of the CFA using a bare metal needle and then passing through a balloon or dilating it. We named this technique “direct bare metal needle puncture and balloon angioplasty in calcified plaques of the common femoral artery guided by angiography” or “BAMBOO SPEAR.” Main textThis report describes our technique for crossing a lesion by directly penetrating the calcified plaque of the CFA using a needle. We report a case of a 73-year-old male with hemodialysis who presented with cyanosis and ischemic rest pain of both lower limbs. Control angiography showed total occlusion of the left CFA with a calcified plaque. We advanced a 21-G metal needle that was slightly curved into the blood vessel from where the lumen of the distal CFA was located. The needle was advanced into the center of the calcified plaque, while observing from multiple directions with a fluoroscopic guide. We succeeded in advancing the needle into the lumen of the distal external iliac artery. After guidewire crossing, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed that guidewire was able to completely pass through the center of the calcified plaque. We could dilate the lesion by scoring balloon and drug-coated balloon. The final angiography showed sufficient results. We named this technique ‘‘direct BAre Metal needle puncture and BallOOn angioplaSty in calcified PlaquEs of the common femoral ARtery guided by angiography” (BAMBOO SPEAR).Conclusions﻿The BAMBOO SPEAR technique may be considered a useful option in EVT for occlusive CFA with calcified plaques.
Bifurcation and Chaos Analysis for a Discrete Ecological Developmental Systems
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei , Chen Chaoyang , Zhang Xian-He , Chi Ming , Yan Huaicheng
Published: February 2021

This work concentrates on the dynamic analysis including bifurcation and chaos of a discrete ecological developmental systems. Specifically, it is a prey-predator-scavenger (PPS) system, which is derived by Euler discretization method. By choosing the step size h as a bifurcation parameter, we determine the set consist of all system’s parameters, in which the system can undergo flip bifurcation (FB) and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation (NSB). The theoretical results are verified by some numerical simulations. It is shown that the discrete systems exhibit more interesting behaviors, including the chaotic sets, quasiperiodic orbits, and the cascade of period-doubling bifurcation in orbits of periods-2, 4, 8, 16. Finally, corresponding to the two bifurcation behaviors discussed, the maximum Lyapunov exponent is numerically calculated, which further verifies the rich dynamic characteristics of the discrete system.
Morphological and Molecular Description of a New Species of Myxobolus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) Infecting Planiliza Macrolepis (Smith, 1846) From India
Authors: CORREYA MARY SONIYA , P. Vijayagopal , N.K. Sanil
Published: February 2021

The present paper describes a novel species of Myxobolus parasitizing the gill filaments of the largescale mullet, Planiliza macrolepis from Cochin backwaters, Kerala, India. The parasite develops in the gill filaments; plasmodia elongated, milky white, measured 1.37 – 2.18 (1.78 ± 0.35) mm x 0.07-0.12 (0.10 ± 0.02) mm in size. Mature myxospores ovoid in valvular view, biconvex in sutural view with smooth shell valves and measured 6.24 - 7.02 (6.63 ± 0.23) × 5.01 - 6.18 (5.68 ± 0.25) μm in size. Polar capsules equal, oval with pointed anterior ends, 3.07 – 3.58 (3.33 ± 0.12) × 1.68 – 2.42 (2.09 ± 0.18) μm in size. Polar filaments with 4 coils, measured 29.61 ± 4.75 μm in length when extruded. Sporoplasm binucleate with a rudimentary nucleus and a vacuole. A comparison with related Myxobolus species revealed significant morphological & morphometric differences. In BLASTN and genetic distance analysis, the present parasite showed high divergence with other myxosporean sequences, indicating its molecular uniqueness. In Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Interference analysis, the present species stands out with M. ramadus as sister branch within the Myxobolus clade. In infected gill filaments, the plasmodia caused swelling/deformation, compression of lamellae and reduction in respiratory surface area. Three of 222 P. macrolepis screened were infected, indicating a prevalence of 1.3%. Considering the morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic differences with the previously described species of myxosporeans, along with the dissimilarities in host and geographical locations, the present parasite is treated as a new species and the name Myxobolus cochinensis n. sp. is proposed.
Novel coronavirus mitigation measures implemented by radiotherapy centres in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Donkor Andrew , Atuwo-Ampoh Vivian Della , Opie Craig , Yakanu Frederick , Lombe Dorothy , Khader Jamal
Published: February 2021

Aim: To identify strategies adopted by radiotherapy centres in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.Background: Studies summarising COVID-19 mitigation strategies designed and implemented by radiotherapy centres in LMICs to avoid delays, deferrments and interruptions of radiotherapy services are lacking.Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guideline. Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed articles that reported measures adopted by radiotherapy centres in LMICs to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Information on different strategies were extracted from the included studies and textual narrative synthesis was conducted.Results: Of the 60 articles retrieved, eleven were included. Majority of the studies were conducted in China. Ten of the included studies employed a qualitative design. Four themes were identified: preparing and equipping staff; reinforcing infection prevention and control policies; strengthening coordination and communication; and maintaining physical distancing. Studies reported that radiotherapy centres have: formed COVID-19 response multidisciplinary team; maximised the use of telehealth; adjusted the layout of waiting areas; divided staff into teams; dedicated a room for isolating suspected cases; and adopted triage systems.Conclusions: Local adaptation of established global strategies coupled with timely development of guidelines, flexibility and innovation have allowed radiotherapy leaders to continue to deliver radiotherapy services to cancer patients in LMICs during the COVID-19 crisis. Robust and quality data collection must be encouraged in LMICs to provide an evidence-based knowledge for use in the event of another pandemic.
Realization of a Novel Chaotic System Using Coupling Dual Chaotic System
Authors: Mousa Salam K. , Jamal Raied K.
Published: February 2021

This paper establishes coupling between two various chaotic systems for Lorenz and Rössler circuits. The x-dynamics of Lorenz circuit was coupled numerically with the x dynamics of Rössler circuit. As a result of the optical coupling between these two chaotic systems, it has been observed an exceptional variation in the time series and attractors, which exhibits a novel behavior, leading to a promises method for controlling the chaotic systems. However, performing fast Fourier transforms (FFT) of chaotic dynamics before and after coupling showed an increase in the bandwidth of the Rössler system after its coupling with the Lorenz system, which, in turn increases the possibility of using this system for secure and confidential optical communications.
Comparation of Bacterial and Archaea Diversity in Uncultivated and Cultivated Typical Black Soil in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Duo , Zhang Wei , Shen Guinan , Yuan Yuan , Gao Yamei , Song Fuqiang , Wei Dan , Yan Lei , Gu Ji-Dong , Wang weidong
Published: February 2021

Understanding the effects of tillage on the community composition and diversity of bacteria and archaea is useful for the long-term sustainable utilization of black soil. In this study, non-disturbed virgin black soil (NDBS) in the past 60 years, and the adjacent black soil under the arable land farming (DFBS) and paddy rice (PBS) for 3 years were chosen to investigate the microbial characteristics and their relationship with physical and chemical properties. The microbial diversity was investigated using 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing technique and its relationship with soil physic-chemical properties was analyzed by redundancy analysis. The diversity of archaea decreased significantly after arable land farming. After conversion from arable land farming to rice paddy, the diversity of bacteria increased significantly, while the diversity of archaea increased significantly. In DFBS, the available phosphorus increased significantly, yet pH, organic matter and available potassium decreased significantly. However, the pH and available phosphorus increased significantly, organic matter and total nitrogen decreased significantly in PBS. The soil pH had the closest correlation with the microbial diversity. These indicated that tillage disturbance changed the diversity of bacteria and archaea as well as physical and chemical properties in black soil.
QTL Fine Mapping of a Novel Genomic Region Associated With High Out-crossing Rate Derived From Oryza Longistaminata and Development of New CMS Lines in Rice, O. Sativa L.
Authors: Prahalada G.D. , Marathi Balaram , Vinarao Ricky , Kim Sung-Ryul , Diocton Reynaldo , Ramos Joie , Jena Kshirod
Published: February 2021

Background: High seed cost due to poor seed yield severely limits the adoption of hybrid rice by farmers. Increasing the out-crossing rate is one of the key strategies to increase hybrid seed production. Out-crossing rate is highly influenced by the size of female floral traits, which capture pollen grains from male donor plants. Results: In the current study, we identified 14 QTLs derived from the perennial wild rice Oryza longistaminata by composite interval mapping for five key floral traits: stigma length (five), style length (three), stigma breadth (two), stigma area (one), and pistil length (three). QTL analysis and correlation studies revealed that these stigma traits were positively correlated and pleiotropic to the stigma length trait. We selected the major-effect QTL qSTGL8.0 conferring long stigma phenotype for further fine mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS). The qSTGL8.0 (~3.9 Mb) was fine mapped using newly developed internal markers and was narrowed down to ~2.9 Mb size (RM7356‒RM256 markers). Further, the flanking markers were validated in a segregating population and in progenies from different genetic backgrounds. The markers PA08-03 and PA08-18 showed the highest co-segregation with the stigma traits. The qSTGL8.0 was introgressed into two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, IR58025A and IR68897A, by foreground, background, and trait selection approaches. Conclusion: The qSTGL8.0 introgression lines in CMS backgrounds showed a significantly higher seed setting rate (2.5‒3.0-fold) than the original CMS lines in testcrosses with their corresponding maintainer lines. The newly identified QTLs especially qSTGL8.0, will be quite useful for increasing out-crossing rate and this will contribute to increase seed production and decrease seed cost.