bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF JHARKHAND’S COAL IN POWERING INDIA’S ECONOMY: NAVIGATING IMPORT DEPENDENCIES
Authors: Honey Choudhary
Published: January 2025

Coal continues to be a vital component of India's industrial and energy sectors, supporting important sectors like cement and steel and producing more than 70% of the country's electricity. With its plentiful coal deposits, Jharkhand has continuously increased the country's coal production, which increased from 131.76 million tonnes in 2019–20 to 191.16 million tonnes in 2023–24. However, because of quality differences and the need for high-grade coal from nations like South Africa, Russia, and Indonesia, India still depends largely on coal imports, which increased to 264.9 million tons in 2023–24.
The contribution of Jharkhand to the coal economy is examined in this paper, with particular attention paid to production trends, the causes of coal imports, and the effects of these trends on India's energy security. In addition, it looks at problems including land acquisition and environmental concerns, as well as how renewable energy can eventually lessen the need on coal. This paper sheds light on the opportunities and difficulties faced by Jharkhand's coal sector, which plays a crucial role in India's energy landscape, by providing a five-year review of production and import trends.
KEYWORDS: Jharkhand coal production, India’s coal imports, coal and economic growth, coal mining sustainability, energy transition in India.
The Correlation Study Between Students' Metacognitive Strategy and Self-Efficacy in Learning English
Authors:   STAI Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang, Afdal Taufik , Mayasari Eka ,   STAI Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang, Anwar Nurul ,   STAI Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang
Published: January 2025

The objective of this research was to find out the correlation between studentsâ€™ metacognitive strategy and their self-efficacy in speaking skills at the third grade of language major of MAN Tanjungpinang. The subject of this research was all of the students of the third grade of language major of MAN Tanjungpinang. The object of the research is students in the third grade of language major of MAN Tanjungpinang. The population of this research was 197 students of the third grade in MAN Tanjungpinang with 19 of the students being used as samples of the research. To collect the data, the researcher used observation and questionnaires. To analyze the data the researcher used descriptive statistics with a Pearson Product Moment and tested of the significance of the correlation coefficient. The result indicated that the value of the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.425, with level of correlation is moderate because it is in the coefficient interval between 0.40 - 0.599, while the value of tcomputed is greater than the value ttable (1,935>1,734) and the significance value is 0,035, which is 0,035<0,05 (1-tailed). H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It means that there is a significant correlation between studentsâ€™ metacognitive strategy and their self-efficacy in speaking at the third grade of language major of MAN Tanjungpinang at 0,05 level (1-tailed).
Language Input, Learning Environment, and Motivation of Successful Indonesian EFL
Authors:   Universitas Widya Kartika, Surabaya, Bulain Medlin , Linuwih Endar Rachmawaty ,   Universitas Widya Kartika, Surabaya
Published: January 2025

Second language acquisition is the process of learning the second language after an individual's first language has been established. The successful second language learner is affected by many factors. Three significant Second Language Acquisition (SLA) factors are Language Input, Learning environment, and motivation. This descriptive qualitative research aims to analyze the three significant components of SLA of two successful EFL undergraduate students, as evidenced by their advanced TOIEC scores and academic transcript demonstrating great achievement in English. This research shows that the language inputs of the two participants come from both inside and outside the classroom. The learning environment experienced by the participants included all three types of SLA learning environments: physical, psychological, and academic. Moreover, both participants have instrumental motivation, followed by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations
Uncovering Students' Perceptions of Slido: An Innovative Engagement with Real-Time Interactive Technology in ESP
Authors:   UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Ningsih Fitria
Published: January 2025

The integration of technology in education, particularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses, has become increasingly important in providing students with effective and engaging language learning experiences. However, traditional teaching methods have long been criticized for their inability to engage students and promote active participation in the learning process. Thus, this study explored the impact of Slido, an interactive platform, on classroom engagement and learning outcomes in an ESP course. The research design employed mixed methods, including a questionnaire to collect data from ESP students. The findings indicated that Slido technology influenced students' perceptions of classroom engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. The interactive features of Slido, such as quizzes, polls, and surveys, fostered immediate feedback and increased student engagement. ESP teachers were encouraged to incorporate interactive technology like Slido to enhance student learning experiences, while students were encouraged to actively participate in such activities. Further research was recommended to investigate the long-term effectiveness of Slido technology, as well as its impact on ESP teachers' practices and professional development. Overall, Slido technology shows the potential in transforming ESP classrooms into interactive and engaging learning environments. It has the potential to revolutionize language learning and provide students with practical language skills for real-world contexts.
The Issue of Native and Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers: Which is the Ideal English Teacher?
Authors:   STIE AAS SURAKARTA, Fitria Tira Nur
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the perceptions of Indonesian students regarding the ideals of native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) in English Language Teaching (ELT). This research is library research that reviews recent research on native English teachers and non-native English teachers related to the implications of the research in ELT. The analysis shows that NESTs and NNESTs demonstrate significant distinctions in their teaching. These distinctions can be influenced by their strengths and weaknesses. It cannot be denied that the differences may influence studentsâ€™ perceptions/opinions of the ideal English teachers. Several previous studies state the studentsâ€™ positive perceptions between NESTs and NNESTs in teaching. The research tries to combine the perceptions of the two. Both NESTs and NNESTs should ideally have identical opportunities to become ideal English teachers within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Both NESTs and NNESTs have an equal opportunity to be ideal teachers and play the main functions in the educational context in Indonesia. However, they should have a strong command of the language, strong teaching skills, and positive personal qualities. Teaching English must emphasize the content of the teacher's skills rather than the irrelevant non-native status. It is expected that the issue of nativeness does not affect student perceptions of NESTs and NNESTs in terms of ideal for English teachers later. For the continued development of EFL in Indonesia, the availability of qualified English teachers is crucial. They must possess at least three essential skills including linguistic, pedagogical, and cultural.
Students' Perception of Learning English with E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Rahman Diana Merliana , Febria Desty ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: January 2025

This study aims to find out the perceptions and difficulties of Univesitas Internasional Batam students in learning English online using E-Learning (Learning Management System), what are the difficult factors that affect UIB students in learning using E-Learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using quantitative methods. Participants in this study were Universitas Internasional Batam students totaling 100 students from the 2019-2021 batch from various majors. Data was obtained by using a questionnaire. To evaluate the data, the researcher used a Likert scale and categorizes it in the form of strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.

The results of the perception of this study indicate that most of UIB students have a very positive perception with the use of E-Learning in online English learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, this is supported by the perception factor from question no 9 that the learning materials in UIB's E-Learning are easy accessed anywhere, the average of these questions is 3.49. However, from the results of this study, there were 5 difficulty factors that affected UIB students, namely (1) question 15: low motivation statements when studying online using E-Learning with an average data of 2.77. (2) question 12: statement of lack of understanding about E-Learning features with an average data of 2.57. (3) question 20: statement of increasing internet quota on the use of E-Learning with an average data of 2.48. (4) question 18: statement Using E-Learning to learn English during this pandemic is uncomfortable with an average of 2.29. (5) question 19: the statement that it is difficult to access the internet network at E-Learning sites with an average data rate of 2.27.
Effective Proofread Strategies
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Pondalos Ezra Christina , Nugraha Hendra ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: January 2025

In today's industrial sector, many companies are developing their markets both regionally and internationally. One of the ways they do this is to cooperate with regional and foreign companies. To make this happen, companies need documents using international languages or English. Apart from translating documents, currently document proofreading is also needed. This document proofreading aims to ensure that the document is good and correct to use or publish.

This internship program is in cooperating with two partners there are PT. Indogaben Sukses Perkasa and UCLC UIB. Author assigned to translate legal documents for PT. Indogaben Sukses Perkasa and proofread academic articles for UCLC UIB. This program started on 08 February 2021 until 30 June 2021. This project done manually by author; it means that author did not use any computer assisted translation tool in translating the documents. The results of this project are five legal documents from PT. Indogaben Sukses Perkasa which is translated from Bahasa to English and five academic articles that already proofread by the author.
Investigating Motivational Factors on The Use of Technology in EFL Classroom
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Fasa Raden Hasby Isnaindy
Published: January 2025

In recent years, many studies indicate that the use of technology plays an important role in the process EFL (English as Foreign Language) learning. It is also proven that the motivation factor influences learnersâ€™ learning processes. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is any relationship between the use of technology in Indonesian EFL university classes and the studentsâ€™ motivation in learning English. To test this hypothesis, a questionnaire and studentsâ€™ interview developed by Binnur (2011) were distributed among a group of 30 Indonesian EFL university students who were in EFL classes learning by internet, mobile phone and power point to be used on their English classes. Data gathered were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The result shows that Indonesian EFL university students have a positive attitude towards the use of technology in their English classes.
Analysis of Making A Vlog to Minimize Public Speak Anxiety Among EFL Students
Authors:   Institut Bakti Nusantara, Pringsewu, Andewi Widi , Waziana Winia ,   Institut Bakti Nusantara, Pringsewu
Published: January 2025

Anxiety is the most dominant of psychological problem that faced by students in learning speaking. This study focused on analysis of making a vlog to minimize public speaks anxiety among EFL students. This study answer the following question, â€œHow does video blog minimize public speak anxiety among EFL students?â€ Descriptive qualitative method as simply observing a behavior was used in this study. Frist-semester students of Institut Bakti nusantara were the participants of this study which consist of 10 students, majoring in Information system. There were two ways for collecting data, namely: observations and inteview. They were assigned to make a video of speaking performance on a topic â€œAdvertisementâ€. The result could be concluded that making video blog is useful to minimize public speak anxiety among EFL student. Besides that, a vlog is considered as one of useful stategy which can provide students motivation for being confidence in public speaking. Futhermore, creating a vlog can give enjoyable and attractive learning atmosphere and students will feel more comfortable, relaxed, and motivated to practice their speaking skill. Even though a vlog has been proven to reduce anxiety levels, there are several things that must be considered when using a vlog as a media for learning speaking. Lecturers are expected to be more creative and innovative in order to make students become more interested in speaking English. Lectures always know studentsâ€™ speaking anxiety level and studentsâ€™ condition in learning speaking due to not all of students have the same characteristics to be able to accept all types of media.
Mengungkap Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Tingkat Kepercayaan Pengelolaan PAD dan APBD di Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Malinda Okta , Lampang Muhammad Aji , Ramadhan Muhammad Abshar Noer , Pratama Pratama , Pratama Mar’elfan Hadi , Octaviani Theresia , Andrenossa Glenn
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap tingkat kepercayaan pengelolaan PAD dan APBD di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dengan usia 20 tahun ke atas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang sesuai dengan kriteria sampel. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan IBM SPSS S. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terkait variabel persepsi dan variabel kepercayaan, rata-rata jawaban responden menunjukkan hasil yang netral. Netralitas ini mungkin disebabkan oleh rasa segan atau kekhawatiran masyarakat dalam mengekspresikan pandangan mereka secara terbuka mengenai pengelolaan PAD dan APBD, yang dapat mencerminkan kehati-hatian dalam berpendapat mengenai isu-isu yang berhubungan dengan pemerintah daerah. Selain itu, diketahui bahwa persepsi masyarakat memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kepercayaan terhadap pengelolaan PAD dan APBD di Kalimantan Tengah dengan tingkat signifikansinya sebesar 79,60%.
Effect of Cost of Construction of Medium-Level Building Projects on Project Productivity in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Muthike James Mithamo , Kanali Christopher Luchebeleli , Gwaya Abednego Oswald
Published: January 2025

The construction industry is important in society, the economy and the environment. Despite its importance, it is faced with the challenge of the increasing world's urban population at a rate of 200,000 people per day who require affordable housing, social transportation and utility infrastructure. To counter this challenge, the industry will be under a moral obligation to transform by way of reducing construction costs, improving the use of scarce materials and making more eco-efficient over time. Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate the effect of the cost of construction of medium-level building projects on project productivity in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The total costs of construction (cost stack) are split into hard costs, soft costs and unforeseen costs. The methodology adopted for data collection was through the administration of structured questionnaires to select seven categories considered to be the main key stakeholders in the construction of building projects. These comprised landlords/homeowners, architects, structural engineers, quantity surveyors, building contractors, construction project managers, and Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure officials. To analyze the results, descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were used. In the analysis, emphasis was placed on the evaluation of the effect of the cost of construction on project completion time, quality and costs. Results from the study show that key factors affecting project productivity through increased costs are delay in payment to contractors and suppliers, high cost of construction materials and choice of construction materials. Other factors are the level of project complexity, site topography, architectural design errors and changes as well as structural design errors and changes.
KONSEP EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Imam Maulana Hidayat  , Fitri Hilmiyati
Published: January 2025

Evaluasi dalam Islam bukan sekadar pengukuran hasil belajar, tetapi juga sebagai alat untuk menilai perkembangan karakter dan hubungan seseorang dengan Tuhannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsep evaluasi pendidikan dalam perspektif Islam. Riset ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif kajian pustaka, dimana peneliti akan mencari sumber data dari hasil wawancara dengan berbagai sumber dan menggali informasi berdasarkan studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah yang pertama evaluasi pendidikan sebagai tindakan atau proses untuk menemukan atau menentukan nilai suatu hal, atau dapat juga diartikan sebagai proses penilaian terhadap segala sesuatu yang terkait dengan objek yang dinilai. Yang kedua menurut Al-Qur'an, evaluasi pendidikan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Al-Qur'an memberikan perhatian khusus pada pentingnya penilaian terhadap segala sesuatu, termasuk penilaian diri, proses pembelajaran, dan hasil pendidikan. Yang ketiga dalam Al-Qur’an terminologi evaluasi pendidikan terdapat beberapa makna dengan mengacu kepada makna kalimat yaitu Al-Hisab, Al-Bala. Yang keempat sistem evaluasi yang dikembangkan dalam oleh Allah SWT dan Rasul-Nya berimplikasikan paedagogis.
 Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kompetensi Spiritual; Kompetensi Sosial; Karakter Siswa
Analysis of the Current Development of Renewable Energy Technologies in Bangladesh
Authors: Joarder Md. Sadman Anjum , Raihan Asif , Salehi Mahdi , Walasek Robert , Zimon Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Bangladesh's electric energy needs are expanding rapidly as a developing nation. Thus, renewable energy has become a crucial solution to the energy problem and environmental issues by replacing fossil fuels. The Bangladeshi government is pursuing large-scale renewable energy projects and heavily promoting renewable energy to increase its utilization. Therefore, this study aims to examine the existing condition and future potential of renewable energies in Bangladesh and the opportunities and difficulties associated with its progress. This review summarizes Bangladesh's renewable energy policy framework. The results show that Bangladesh has considerable potential for renewable energy growth to achieve environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. Bangladesh has undertaken various renewable projects to meet rising demand. The article proposes policies and strategies to increase funds for renewable energy production, energy efficiency, and environmentally friendly technology innovation to increase renewable energy consumption.
АВТОМАТИЧНА КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОХИБКИ ВИМІРЮВАННЯ НА КООРДИНАТНО-ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНІЙ МАШИНІ
Authors: Чалий О. В.
Published: January 2025

Координатно-вимірювальні машини (КВМ) відіграють ключову роль у сучасному виробництві та контролі якості, забезпечуючи високоточні вимірювання геометричних параметрів складних деталей. Однак навіть найсучасніші КВМ піддаються впливу різноманітних факторів, що призводять до виникнення похибок вимірювання. Стаття присвячена розробці та аналізу методів автоматичної корекції похибки вимірювання на КВМ, які дають змогу суттєво підвищити точність отриманих результатів без необхідності фізичної модифікації наявного обладнання. У роботі представлено комплексну математичну модель процесу вимірювання на КВМ, яка враховує геометричні, кінематичні та термічні джерела похибок. Ця модель дає змогу детально описати взаємодію різних компонентів КВМ та їхній вплив на точність вимірювань. На основі цієї моделі розроблено алгоритм автоматичної корекції, який поєднує методи кінематичного моделювання та статистичного аналізу для виявлення та компенсації різних типів похибок. Алгоритм враховує специфіку роботи КВМ у різних режимах та умовах експлуатації, що забезпечує його універсальність та ефективність. Проведено теоретичне обґрунтування запропонованого методу, включно з доведенням його збіжності й оцінюванням конфігурацій КВМ та типів вимірюваних деталей. Це теоретичне обґрунтування базується на математичних методах та забезпечує надійність і передбачуваність роботи алгоритму в різних умовах. Показано, що застосування автоматичної корекції дає змогу знизити сумарну похибку вимірювання на 20–30% порівняно з традиційними методами калібрування КВМ. Це значне покращення точності відкриває нові можливості для використання КВМ у високоточних виробничих процесах. Результати дослідження мають широке практичне значення для галузей, де використовуються КВМ, включно з авіакосмічною промисловістю, автомобілебудуванням, виробництвом прецизійних компонентів та медичного обладнання. У кожній з цих галузей підвищення точності вимірювань може привести до суттєвого покращення якості продукції, зниження відсотку браку та оптимізації виробничих процесів. Запропонований метод автоматичної корекції похибки вимірювання на КВМ може стати основою для розроблення нового покоління високоточних метрологічних систем, що забезпечують надійні результати в умовах виробництва. Це відкриває перспективи для створення більш досконалих КВМ, які зможуть задовольнити зростаючі вимоги до точності в сучасній промисловості.
Das neue GEG: Möglichkeiten für die Industrie
Authors: Schlösser Friedhelm
Published: January 2025

Am 1. Januar 2024 ist das novellierte Gebäudeenergiegesetz (GEG) in Kraft getreten. Die vorausgegangenen Diskussionen haben viele Kunden verunsichert und selbst Fachleute müssen sich in die Vielzahl der möglichen Gesetzesauslegungen neuerlich intensiv einarbeiten. Was jetzt bei der Beheizung von Gewerbe- und Industriehallen möglich und notwendig ist, erläutert der folgende Beitrag.
Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VIIC SMPN 3 Sungai Kakap Melalui Model Think Pair Share Berbantuan PowerPoint
Authors: Titin Titin , Wahyuni Eko Sri , Sulistiyowati Erni
Published: January 2025

This study is motivated by the low activeness of students in class VII C SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Kakap during the science learning process so that it has an impact on student learning outcomes. This study aims to improve the learning activities of VII C grade students at SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Kakap on the topic of Indonesian ecology and biodiversity through the application of the Think Pair Share (TPS) model assisted by powerpoint. The type of research used is classroom action research in the form of two cycles and each cycle consists of two meetings. The research procedure went through four stages starting with planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. A total of 32 students of class VII C in the 2023/2024 school year became the research subjects. Data collection was carried out using observation and documentation methods and the instrument used was the student learning activity observation sheet. The results showed that the percentage of students' learning activities in cycle I was 68.75% and in cycle II it was 88.44%. Based on these data, it is concluded that the application of the TPS model assisted by powerpoint can increase the learning activity of students in class VII C SMPN 3 Sungai Kakap, especially in the topic of Indonesian ecology and biodiversity.
Re-determination of National Thermal Energy Statistics from the Perspective of Energy Consumption
Authors: Joo Hwajoo , Oh Seshin , Cho Yongsung , Jeong Hoon , Yu Jung-Min , Kwon Pilseok , Woo Jinse , Choi Haeyeong , Yoon Jeyong
Published: January 2025

Since carbon neutrality requires reducing dependence on fossil fuels, an accurate analysis of final energy consumption is essential for an effective transition. According to major international reports, thermal energy accounts for approximately 50% of final energy consumption. However, in the Republic of Korea (Korea), the proportion of thermal energy, limited to heat supply, is only 1-2%. This discrepancy, due to a lack of national statistics and policies on thermal energy, highlights a significant difference from the international reality where thermal energy constitutes a major part of energy demand, posing challenges for formulating effective policies for carbon neutrality. This study aims to recalculate Korea’s national thermal energy statistics from an energy consumption perspective, using only the nationally recognized Energy Statistical Yearbook and its revised energy balance data, based on 2018 data. Final energy was categorized into nonelectric and electric thermal energy, and thermal energy consumption was calculated for the industrial, building, and transportation sectors. The key findings indicate that thermal energy accounted for 55% of final energy, with 46% from the non-electric sector and 9% from the electric sector. By sector, the industrial sector accounted for 37% and the building sector for 18%. Additionally, 68% of total energy in the industrial sector and 32% in the building sector was attributed to thermal energy. These figures closely align with estimates from previous studies that used more complex methodologies, demonstrating high reliability. The results suggest that thermal energy, particularly in the industrial and building sectors, should be prioritized for reduction and transition in the pursuit of carbon neutrality. This recalculation method of thermal energy statistics could enhance understanding of thermal energy, contributing to more efficient policy development and the establishment of an information system.
Analysis of Research Trends and Characteristics of Climate Change and Carbon Neutrality Experts at Seoul National University
Authors: Kim Chaehyeon , Yoon Jeyong
Published: January 2025

Research and practice aimed at achieving carbon neutrality cannot be approached by a single academic discipline. Instead, integrative and comprehensive research across various fields, such as natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences, is essential. Accordingly, achieving carbon neutrality requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research that encompasses a scientific understanding of climate change, solutions, and implementation systems across natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences. However, education, research, and policy activities related to carbon neutrality within the university are often conducted within the limited scope of departments or colleges, lacking a comprehensive and holistic approach at the university-wide level. As a world-class research-focused and comprehensive university, Seoul National University urgently needs to establish a network for integrated research on climate change and carbon neutrality. Therefore, this study was conducted to gather basic information for the establishment of a climate change and carbon neutrality convergence network at Seoul National University. 128 experts participated in the survey, and the results revealed that active research is being conducted across various fields, including technology development, policy research, climate science, and humanities and social sciences. Notably, significant research activity was observed in technology development and climate science, with policy research and humanities and social sciences also playing crucial roles. Based on the results of this study, three policy recommendations were proposed: enhancing information sharing and collaboration opportunities, establishing a multidisciplinary research network, and promoting a virtual university platform. These recommendations aim to further develop the research at Seoul National University in a more integrated and collaborative manner and serve as a valuable foundation for achieving carbon neutrality and addressing climate change goals domestically and internationally.
Tatar translations of the Lord’s Prayer (1803–2015) [Part 2]
Authors:   SIL International Hollola, Finland, Greed Teija
Published: January 2025

The Bible is the world’s most translated book. Throughout history it
has been translated into a great many languages, and these translations
have in recent years begun to attract wider attention. This article in‑
vestigates a selection of historical translations of the Lord’s Prayer from
the Gospel of Matthew in a language called Tatar, and one contempo‑
rary translation, Volga Tatar. The timespan of the translations extends
to over two hundred years: from 1803 to 2015. The translations are com‑
pared on a variety of linguistic levels, with special attention given to
the lexicon. Orthography presents a noteworthy challenge, since most
are in the Arabic script, not reflecting the nuances of the vowels. Fea‑
tures common to the translations are described, and those distinctive to
each text are analysed. I discovered that many of the translations adhere
to strict norms of literary language, clearly differing from spoken vari‑
ants. Up to the 20th century many Turkic literary languages were “tran‑
sregional”, that is, similar established literary norms extended over
many Turkic peoples, whose spoken languages displayed a far greater
variety. Interacting with the biblical text gives us a valuable glimpse
of the multiple voices represented by the translations, and the circum‑
stances in which they were created.
Traces of Tatar in the language biographies of Mari speakers in Bashkortostan
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Kutsaeva Marina
Published: January 2025

This article presents the results of fieldwork conducted with Mari
speakers residing in Bashkortostan, focusing on their use of the Tatar
language. A comprehensive sociolinguistic survey was conducted in the
spring of 2024, aimed at describing the current linguistic situation in
the Mari community in the Mishkinо district of Bashkortostan. Data was
collected from the linguistic biographies of one hundred respondents
and representatives of the older generations in their families. The author
examines the circumstances in which Maris in Bashkortostan learn
Tatar and identifies factors (economic, cultural, etc.) contributing to close
language contact between Tatars and Maris in Bashkortostan over the
past several centuries. Knowledge of the Tatar language, which served as
a lingua franca in areas where Tatars and Maris lived in close proximity
to each other, used to be taken for granted. Language biographies gathered from the survey participants in the Mari community of Bashkortostan revealed a decreasing tendency (from generation to generation) to
know Tatar well. A few elderly respondents indicated proficiency in Tatar,
some middle-aged respondents claimed to have a passive understanding of Tatar, but younger respondents did not mention Tatar at all in the set of
languages that their older family members may have spoken. The author
attempts to identify factors that significantly impacted the nature of Mari-Tatar language contact, leading to the replacement of Tatar by Russian.
Evaluation of Common Diagnostic Errors in Panoramic Radiographs and Interobserver Agreement in Error Identification
Authors: Yasa Yasin , Çoban Dilek , Özbey Furkan , Tuna Tunahan , Gökkurt Yılmaz Büşra Nur , Ünal Erzurumlu Zerrin , Sadık Elif
Published: January 2025

Aim: Panoramic radiography is frequently used in dental practice as an imaging technique that provides an extensive view of facial anatomical structures. Achieving high-quality radiographic images requires precise positioning and technique. This study aims to evaluate the quality of panoramic radiographs, to identify common errors that compromise diagnostic adequacy, and to analyze interobserver agreement levels concerning these errors.
Material and Method: A study analyzed 947 panoramic radiographs from the archive of Ordu University based on nine specific error criteria. Four research assistants evaluated the diagnostic quality of each image, classifying them as “excellent,” “diagnostically acceptable,” or “unacceptable.” Inter-observer agreement was measured with kappa statistics, and overall agreement was evaluated using the Fleiss κ test.
Results: The rate of incorrect radiographs was 66.1% to 78.8%, with the most common error criterion differing for each observer. The least common error was the chin tipped too low for observers 1 and 2, and the patient positioned forward for observers 3 and 4. The highest inter-observer agreement was observed regarding the presence of foreign objects on the radiographs, while the lowest agreement occurred in cases where the patient was positioned too far back. Overall, the diagnostic quality of the panoramic radiographs was rated as “acceptable,” with scores ranging from 60.5% to 69.5%. The Fleiss Kappa analysis indicated fair agreement among the four observers in assessing radiographic quality (k=0.252).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that errors in panoramic radiography significantly impact image quality and diagnostic accuracy, highlighting the need for standardization, the use of various imaging models, and enhanced training in radiographic education.
Does Ramadan Fasting Improve Echocardiographically Assessed Tei Index in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Demir Ömer Furkan , Levent Fatih , Erkoç Enes İsmet , Koca Fatih
Published: January 2025

Aim: Ramadan fasting (RF) can affect the health status of patients with coronary artery disease or risk factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate echocardiographic functions and tei index according to ramadan fasting status in patients followed for clinically existing coronary artery disease.
Material and Method: This single-centre, cross-sectional study included 49 patients who were being followed up with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The patients were separated into 2 groups as those who were fasting during the month of Ramadan (RF (+), n=24) and those who were not (RF (-), n=25). Detailed echocardiographic evaluations were made. Analyses of the study data were performed using MedCalc software.
Results: The demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar at the start of the study. When the fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, a statistically significant decrease was determined in the tei index value in the ramadan fasting (+) group after 1 month of fasting (0.44±0.14 vs. 0.40±0.12) (p: 0.025).
Conclusion: In this study, the effects of RF on cardiac functions were investigated in patients with coronary artery disease and a previous stent procedure. The results of the echocardiographic evaluation after one month of fasting showed a statistically significant decrease in the tei index in the patient group fasting for Ramadan. This finding demonstrated positive effects of RF on cardiac functions.
How Safety Awareness Affects Safety Citizenship Behavior: The Safety Motivation Mediation Perspective
Authors: Andjar Wibawanti , Sanny Lim , Siahaan Denny , Pantja Djati Sundring
Published: January 2025

The ship crew's safety citizenship behavior (SCB) is essential for protecting shipping. Based on the perspectives of safety awareness and motivation, this research aims to examine the SCB issue that mariners encounter while working on passenger ships. This investigation endeavors to assess the impact of safety awareness and motivation on the SCB of ship crews using the mediation mechanism of safety motivation. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method and a causal design. A total of 120 crew members from passenger ships that were operating at Tanjung Priok Port in Jakarta were in the sample. The research instrument employed was a Likert scale-based questionnaire. In the Google Forms format, questionnaires were distributed via WhatsApp and email. Structured equation modeling analysis based on partial least squares (SEM-PLS) was employed to analyze the Data. The research findings show a significant correlation between safety motivation and safety awareness in ship crew SCB. Furthermore, safety awareness substantially impacts the safety motivation of the crew, and safety motivation mediates the effect of safety awareness on SCB. This evidence demonstrates the originality of the mediation concept, which posits that safety awareness impacts the SCB of passenger ship crew members through safety motivation.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Career Management on Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction as an Interverning Variable
Authors: Siregar Aisyah Huwaida , Budi Winarso Anjar Prihantoro
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyse the effect of transformational leadership, career management on organisational commitment with job satisfaction as an interverning variable. The population of the study is active civil servants in the BP2MI environment, totalling 884 people (data as of December 2023).  Determination of the number of research samples using the Slovin formula due to the limited and reachable population of 275 people. The sampling method used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. This study uses a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach with a measurement model using the Smart PLS version 3.2.9 programme. The results showed that Transformational Leadership had no significant direct influence on Organisational Commitment at BP2MI. Transformational Leadership had a significant direct influence on employee Job Satisfaction at BP2MI. Career Management had a significant direct influence on employee Job Satisfaction at BP2MI.  Job Satisfaction had a significant direct influence on Organisational Commitment of employees at BP2MI. Job Satisfaction can mediate the effect of Transformational Leadership on Organisational Commitment at BP2MI. Job Satisfaction can mediate the effect of Career Management on Organisational Commitment at BP2MI.
Healthcare workforce and expenditure: influences on life expectancy and infant mortality in Turkey
Authors: Sarıyıldız Abdurrahman Yunus
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study examines the impact of the number of health personnel and health expenditures on life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Turkiye. The study's primary purpose is to determine the effect of increased health personnel and health expenditures on quality of life and infant mortality rates. Therefore, the impact of health personnel and expenses on life expectancy and infant mortality rates was investigated. It was analyzed how these variables shape the effectiveness of health services and how they affect public health.
Methods: This study used multiple regression analysis to assess the effects of healthcare workforce and expenditures on health outcomes in Turkiye between 2001 and 2021. Life expectancy and infant mortality rate were dependent variables, while per capita healthcare expenditure, the number of doctors, and the number of nurses were used as independent variables. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) databases and analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: The findings indicate that per capita healthcare expenditures positively and significantly affect life expectancy (B=0.015, p=0.016), suggesting that increases in healthcare spending contribute to longer life expectancy. Conversely, the effects of the number of doctors (B=-1.580, p=0.138) and nurses (B=0.232, p=0.400) were not statistically significant, indicating that workforce numbers alone may not directly impact life expectancy. Regarding infant mortality rate, healthcare expenditure (B=0.016, p=0.166) and doctor availability (B=-1.503, p=0.467) showed negative associations, while the number of nurses had a
positive but non-significant association (B=0.407, p=0.457). Although these variables theoretically demonstrated the potential to reduce infant mortality rates, none of these effects reached statistical significance. The model explained 82.5% (R²=0.825) of the variance in life expectancy and 88.7% (R²=0.887) in infant mortality rate, underscoring the model's robustness in explaining variations in these health outcomes.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that while healthcare expenditures positively affect life expectancy, the number of healthcare workers alone is insufficient, and factors such as service quality and efficiency also play a role. In developing health policies, strategies should focus on systematically improving the quality of services rather than merely increasing the number of personnel. Particularly in rural and low-income areas, the scope and quality of healthcare services should be enhanced to reduce disparities in health indicators.
The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Foreign Workers' Turnover Intentions: Focusing on The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Min Soo
Published: January 2025

This study attempts to investigate how ethical leadership affects foreign workers' turnover intention by categorizing job satisfaction into job self-satisfaction, salary satisfaction, and supervisory satisfaction, and to provide implications for human resource management of foreign workers. The results of the empirical analysis confirmed that among the 10 hypotheses, ethical leadership has a significant effect on foreign workers' turnover intention. It was also found to be significantly related to satisfaction with the job itself, satisfaction with salary, and satisfaction with supervision. Among job satisfaction, satisfaction with salary and satisfaction with supervision were found to have a significant effect on foreign workers' turnover intentions, while satisfaction with the job itself did not have a significant effect on turnover intentions. Moderating and mediating effects analyses were conducted to further explore the relationship between the variables, and among the three variables of job satisfaction, job itself and salary satisfaction were found to have no significant moderating and mediating effects on the relationship between ethical leadership and turnover intention, but satisfaction with supervisory supervision was found to have a significant effect on the strength or direction of the relationship between ethical leadership and turnover intention.
The Impact of ESG Management Activities of Food Service Companies on Corporate Image, Corporate Reputation and Repurchase Intention: Focusing on Luckin Coffee in China
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Tian Hanzhuo , Yoon Young Ho , Jung Jin Sup
Published: January 2025

Recently, ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) management has become an essential factor for the sustainable development of companies worldwide. In the food service industry, the importance of ESG management is also emerging, and closely related to the public's dietary habits, safety, and health. This study aims to analyze the impact of China’s Luckin Coffee's ESG business activities on corporate reputation, corporate image, and repurchase intention among consumers who have experienced these activities. In particular, through this, the study seeks to examine the effects of ESG management activities on the sustainability of management.
To this end, this study conducted a survey of consumers in Henan Province, China, and a total of 407 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The results showed that continuous ESG management activities in the food service industry enhance reputation, corporate image, and consumer repurchase intention. Furthermore, it has been shown that ‘consumer trust’ has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between environmental management activities (among ESG) and corporate reputation of food service companies. Therefore, in order to improve trust, it is necessary to raise awareness of the company's ESG management activities, such as the continuous public relations activities of food service companies. After all, consumers need to understand the long-term vision of a company, and companies need mid- to long-term efforts to increase the value of sustainable companies. Finally, in the conclusion section of this paper, various strategic implications and limitations were also suggested.
The role of networking competencies in social enterprise performance
Authors: Sannikova Aija , Titko Jelena , Kudins Janis
Published: January 2025

Purpose – The goal of this research was to identify the need for networking competencies in social enterprises rated by the managerial personnel of social enterprises and academic staff of universities in Latvia.
Research methodology – A survey among representatives of Latvian social enterprises and academic staff of Latvian higher education institutions (HEIs) was conducted. The data was processed by means of average ranking, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and one-way-ANOVA test.
Findings – The analysis of the results of Latvian survey revealed that: 1) social enterprise per- sonnel and university academic staff rated the role of networking competencies in social enterprise performance differently; 2) social enterprises rated cooperation with local governments higher and with industry associations as less important than the group of university academic staff.
Research limitations – The research is limited to the analysis of only networking competencies.
Practical implications – The research results contribute to the institutional framework for the social entrepreneurship ecosystem through recommendations to universities in creating training programmes of social entrepreneurship competencies.
Originality/Value – The conducted empirical study is the first study of its kind in the Latvian social enterprise ecosystem, and it offers unique data that can be used for planning the development of networking competencies.
The Orbits of Uranus, Its Satellites and Rings, the Gravity Field of the Uranian System, and the Orientation of the Poles of Uranus and Its Satellites*
Authors: Jacobson Robert A. , Park Ryan S.
Published: January 2025

R. A. Jacobson determined the orbits of the Uranian satellites, the masses of Uranus and its satellites, and the orientation of the pole of Uranus from Earth-based astrometry, Earth-based ring occultations, and observations acquired with the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Subsequent to that publication, several observers obtained new astrometry, and some of the original astrometry was rereduced against the Gaia star catalog. Moreover, R. G. French et al. made a new determination of the orbits of the Uranian rings, the orientation of the Uranian pole, and the gravity harmonics of Uranus from the entire set of Uranian ring occultations. Here we report the results of an analysis that redetermined the Uranus and satellite masses, satellite orbits, and the orbit of Uranus. In addition, we obtained a value for the Uranus tidal dissipation factor and produced an independent determination of the Uranian ring orbits, Uranus pole direction, and Uranus gravity harmonics. We also developed new expressions for the orientations of the satellites. We processed all of the data from our previous work plus the new and rereduced astrometry and the ring occultations. We extended our data arc forward to 2016 and backward to 1847. Our new orbit for Uranus is an update of that in ephemeris DE440 incorporating the occultation data and Gaia astrometry.