bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Spirituality in Narrative Couples and Family Therapy
Authors: Akbulut Zehranur
Published: May 2020

Narrative therapy is a postmodern therapy approach that suggests that people make sense of their lives through the stories they create. Spirituality plays an active role in the processes of understanding life as a part of the stories of spiritually oriented individuals, couples, and families. The nature of narrative therapy aimed at considering the culture, beliefs, and spiritual values that shape clients’ stories allows spiritually oriented couples and families to express the spiritual dimension they possess within the therapy process of this approach and to use spirituality as a source of power for dealing with problems. This study aims to discuss narrative couples/family therapy and the use of this therapy method within the framework of the related literature by noting ethical rules and incorporating spirituality with spiritually oriented couples and families. Information is provided in this context primarily with regard to narrative therapy, narrative couples/family therapy, the process of narrative couples/family therapy, and the responsibilities of the therapist in this therapy approach. Afterward, case samples in narrative therapy with regard to the importance of spirituality are presented, and the use of spirituality by inclusion in the techniques is explained using narrative couples/family therapy techniques. This study is thought to fill in the missing points that exist with in Turkey’s literature with regard to both narrative couples/family therapy as well as the use of spirituality by incorporating it in family therapy and to provide a different viewpoint to practitioners and researchers in the field.
OPTIMUM INSPECTION INTERVAL FOR TANKER IN UNIFIED INSPECTION REGIME
Authors: Grbić Luka , Čulin Jelena , Hess Mirano , Hess Svjetlana
Published: May 2020

Inspections on board tankers contribute to the prevention of accidents,
which can have a significant impact to humans and environment. Therefore a high amount of tanker
inspections is performed by various stakeholders. This practice could be made more efficient by
introducing unified inspection regime, which covers existing areas of inspection, eliminates
overlapping and has the potential to improve safety. In this paper an important aspect in defining
inspection regime, inspection interval, is determined considering contradictory goals: lowering
the costs of inspection and increasing useful service life of tanker structure and equipment,
without compromising safety. A probabilistic approach has been applied to establish inspection
schedule, which fulfils a range of requirements. Due to the many varieties of tanker types,
their conditions, range of size and age span, the paper focuses on the 10 years AFRAMAX tanker.
Results indicate that optimal inspection interval in the unified inspection regime for that
tanker should be 3 months. Using modified input parameters, similar approach could be used for
other tanker types.
Researh of Influence of Technological Factors of Formation of Plasma Coatings on their Thermal Technical Properties
Authors: Vashkevich Fedor , Laukhin Dmytro , Spilnyk Mykhailo , Zhuravel Vladimir , Zagorodni Alexey
Published: May 2020

The article considers issues related to the choice of abrasive material and technology of its use for the formation of necessary roughness on the base material and necessary heat resistance of the heat-protective coating during plasma spraying. The influence of the shape and size of the abrasive on final roughness of the treated surface was studied at various angles of contact between the sprayed abrasive and the surface (angle of attack). From the condition of maximum heat resistance, the composition of the heat-resistant composite coating of the spinel type was determined, which consists of 3 layers: the 1st layer (sublayer) material is a chromium-aluminum composite and the 2nd layer of a transitional spinel-based aluminum and chromium oxide + chromium-aluminum composite and the 3rd a layer of spinel based on aluminum and chromium oxides.
Effect of Extrusion Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 7A36 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhou Ze Yu , Xiao Xiang , Du Kang , Liu Cheng , Lv Dan , Lv Xin Yu
Published: May 2020

The microstructure, texture distribution, tensile property and fracture toughness of 7A36 aluminum alloy profile were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), tensile and toughness tests, respectively. The results show that when extrusion temperature increased from 410 °C to 430 °C, the second phase grew and the intensity of aging state alloy increased. With the extrusion temperature increased, the fracture toughness and elongation increased firstly and the decreased. The fracture toughness KICcan reach to 46.47 MPa·m1/2 at 420 °C. The extruded and final state of the 7A36 profile was dominated by the textured texture (Brass, S, and Copper), accompanied by a small amount of recrystallized type texture (Cube and Goss). As the extrusion temperature increased, the hard deformation texture increased, resulting in an increase in strength. The increase of extrusion temperature led to the increase of dynamic recrystallization fraction. The dynamic recrystallization fraction of the extruded state was 2.26 % when extrusion temperature was 430 °C. The change in KIC performance is the combined result of re-crystallization, second phase and texture.
Microstructure of 7N01 Aluminum Alloy Microalloyed with Er and Zr in the Homogenization Process
Authors: Zhao Pei Hao , Wu Xiao Lan , Gao Kun Yuan , Ding Yu Sheng , Huang Hui , Wen Sheng Ping , Nie Zuo Ren
Published: May 2020

The microstructure and segregation of 7N01 aluminum alloy microalloyed with Er and Zr before and after homogenization process at 470 °C for 24 h have been investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) and transmission electron detecter (STEM). SEM images and EDS line scan results showed that there were dendritic segregation of Mg and Zn and micron-sized primary phases along dendrites in the as-cast alloy. The primary phases were mainly Al2Mg3Zn3 containing Al, Zn, Mg and Mn. And a small amount of primary phases were the particles containing Al, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr and Er and the particles containing Al, Zn, Mg, Er, Mn, Fe and Cr. After homogenization at 470°C for 24 h, dendritic segregation of Mg and Zn was eliminated, Al2Mg3Zn3 and the particles containing Al, Zn, Mg and Mn were basically dissolved. The particles containing Al, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr and Er and the particles containing Al, Zn, Mg, Er, Mn, Fe and Cr remained. Meanwhile, TEM and STEM images showed that a large number of secondary phases appeared after the homogenization, which were mainly distributed in the inter-dendrite area. EDS results showed that the block-shaped and rod-shaped phases with the width of 10-70 nm and length of 100-500 nm were the particles containing Al, Cr and Mn or Al, Mg, Cr and Mn, and the ellipsoid secondary phase with the size of 50-100 nm was MgZn2.
Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Hydrophobic Modification of Cotton Filter Cloth by ARGET-ATRP Mechanism
Authors: Li Zheng , He Zi Jian , Zhou Ying Cheng , Tang Yi , Chen Yu Fang , Jin Tao
Published: May 2020

In this paper, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in the activating process of cotton filter cloth to improve its further hydrophobic modification reaction between cotton fabric and 1-octadecene via an electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) mechanism. The major influences of DMSO on ARGET-ATRP process was discussed, and meanwhile, the microstructure changes, morphology feature and performance characteristics of cotton filter cloth during the reaction was explored by the SEM, AFM, EDS, XRD and TGA techniques.The result shows that DMSO can leads to cotton fibers adhesion and surface roughening under the ARGET-ATRP grafting reaction conditions, but has little changes on the crystal form, crystallinity and thermal properties of cellulose. At a DMSO dosage of 10%, the hydrophobically modified cotton filter cloth has a water contact angle (CA) of up to 141°. While naturally placed for 1 hour, the CA of hydrophobically modified cotton filter cloth can be stable at 116° with a decay rate of 17.5%, which proves that the hydrophobic stability of cotton filter cloth has been improved markedly. Furthermore, a better improvement for the hydrophobic stability of cotton filter cloth will significantly enhance the application of hydrophobic functional modified cellulosic materials.
Microstructure of Ti-Based Alloys after Rapid Solidification
Authors: Zhang Shu Ling , Yu Yong Chuan , Chen Wei Ye , Qiu M.K. , Liu W.L.
Published: May 2020

Ti-6Al-4V alloy ribbons were successfully prepared by rapid solidification at different roller speeds. The morphology and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy ribbons were studied by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis. The effect of SiO2 on the microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy ribbons were discussed. It is found that the Ti-6Al-4V alloy ribbons consist of β phase with alternated distribution of α' phase and α'' phase. And quicker roller speed promotes the formation of α' phase for the higher rapid solidificationg cooling rate. According to the analysis of energy spectrum data, it is found that there is chemical reactions between the Ti-6Al-4V material and the quartz tube wall during electromagnetic induction melting at high temperature, and the Si elements are segregated at the embossment induced by quick solidification and the phase interfaces between α′ phase and β phase.
Microstructure and Properties of 20G/316L Dissimilar Metal TLP Welded Joints
Authors: Fu Sheng , Liu Xin Hui , Tang Jing Li , Huang Ben Sheng , Li Tian Ning , Zhao Xing
Published: May 2020

The amorphous Ni foil used as the intermediate layer, the 20 steel/316L dissimilar metal was connected by double temperature transient liquid phase diffusion (TLP) welding to obtain a good metallurgical joint. By metallographic microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and universal testing machines, the interface formation, elemental diffusion and mechanical properties of joints at different welding temperature were studied. The results show that when the welding temperature is 1080°C, there are large holes in the joint, and the holes gradually disappear with the increase of the welding temperature. Ni elements in intermediate layer and 316L both participate in the formation of the diffusion and dissolution layer I and II, while Cr elements do not participate in the formation of the diffusion and dissolution layer I. The hardness at the center of the middle layer is basically the same as that of 316L, but with the increase of welding temperature, the hardness at the center decreases, and the anti-shear strength increases.
EBSD Study of the Effect of Hot Deformation on Low Carbon Bainitic Structure
Authors: Wen Xin Li
Published: May 2020

The effect of deformation temperature (DT) and thickness reduction on the bainitic structure was investigated under various test conditions by using hot compression on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulation machine, and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique. In the case of the bainitic structure consisting of granular bainite (GB), lath bainite (LB) and a little ferrite (AF) under the given deformation conditions, DT and thickness reduction have remarkable effect on the transformation kinetics, starting temperature (B) of bainite fast transformation, and the type of bainitic structure. With the decreasing of DT from 810 °C to 730 °C, the starting temperature of transformation B increase from 585 °C to 595 °C. When the thickness reduction was 0 % and 20 %, the microstructure consists of GB, LB and a little AF, whereas as the thickness reduction increase to 40 %, large grain size of LB and GB disappear, and only AF and M/A remained. With the thickness reduction increases from 0 % to 40 %, the effective grain size decreases from 4 μm to 2 μm, and the fraction of HGB increases from 48 % to 57 %.
Cobalt Element Doping for Biomedical Use: A Review
Authors: Liu Lei , Huang Run , Zhang Lan
Published: May 2020

Cobalt exists widely in nature and is one of the essential functional elements in human body, performing in organic or inorganic forms. The lackness of adequate bone integration is a main issue to limit the biomedical substitute materials using widely in clinic. However, introducing cobalt element onto the surface of the materials can significantly change the biological behavior of the implants, which is a good way to solve the above problem. In this paper, the effects of doped cobalt ions on the biological properties of different materials were reviewed, and the development trend of cobalt ion doped biomedical device was prospected.
Effect of Hydrothermal Conditions on Crystal Structure, Morphology and Visible-Light Driven Photocatalysis of WO3 Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Yang Si , Xi Xiao Li , Nie Zuo Ren , Zhao Lin Yan , Fan You Shu
Published: May 2020

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and the influence of essential hydrothermal conditions, temperature and time, on their crystal structure, morphology and visible-light driven photocatalysis was studied. The hydrothermal temperature was varied from 120 °C to 200 °C, and the hydrothermal time changed from 12 h to 32 h. The crystal structure, morphology and photocatalytic performance of WO3 nanostructures were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis. The crystal structure of WO3 nanostructure was triclinic phase and their morphology was mainly one dimensional nanorods. Methylene blue was used as the target to evaluate their photocatalytic performance under visible light (λ>420 nm). The photocatalytic results suggest the suitable hydrothermal conditions to synthesize WO3 nanostructures for the wastewater treatment application.
Steady-State Dynamic Phase Diagram Calculation of U-Ti and U-V Binary System under Irradiation
Authors: Lu Yong , Jiang Zheng , Tang Qiao Qiao , Wang Cui Ping , Liu Xing Jun
Published: May 2020

In this paper, by considering the irradiation-enhanced diffusion, a combination of effective free energy model and the thermodynamic model was used for studying the phase relationships in the U-Ti and U-V binary system under irradiation. The steady-state dynamical phase diagrams of U-Ti and U-V binary alloys under different irradiation intensities were calculated and compared with the conventional thermodynamic equilibrium phase diagram. The calculated results show that under irradiation the high-temperature stable (βTi, γU) and (γU,V) phases were stabilized at relatively low temperature resulting in invariant reactions at relatively low temperature. In addition, with the increase of the irradiation intensity, the temperature of the invariant reactions increased, and the phase regions of the (βTi, γU) and (γU,V) also increased.
Validation of Chinese Version of the Modified Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire With Heart Failure Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Tsuey-Yuan , Moser Debra K. , Hsieh Yeu-Sheng , Lareau Suzanne C. , Durkin Adelaide Caroci , Hwang Shiow-Li
Published: May 2020

Background Dyspnea is a distressing and functionally limiting symptom that patients with heart failure commonly experience. A valid instrument to quantify dyspnea for comparison of groups and for illness management is important.

Objective To validate the Chinese version of the Modified Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire.

Methods The Chinese version was developed by using translation and back translation and was tested in Taiwan in 88 patients who had heart failure but no pulmonary disease or comorbid conditions limiting physical function. Data on a Taiwanese subsample (n=30) were compared with data on 30 patients in the United States matched by sex, age, and severity of disease to determine the equivalence of the Chinese and English versions. Construct validity was assessed by testing the hypothesis that health-related quality of life measured by using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire is associated with the score on the dyspnea questionnaire. Reliability was assessed by using the Cronbach α and item-total correlations.

Results Equivalence between the US and Taiwanese samples was high, from 0.67 to 0.91 for each item of the questionnaire and for the total score. Satisfactory correlations between the Chinese dyspnea and the Minnesota questionnaires, especially in the physical dimension (r=0.71, P<.001), provided support for the construct validity of the Chinese questionnaire. Reliability of the Chinese questionnaire was adequate (α=0.94).

Conclusions The Chinese Modified Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire is a reliable and valid measure for dyspnea that can be used in Taiwanese patients with heart failure.
Reducing Mortality With Device Therapy in Heart Failure Patients Without Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Chapa Deborah W. , Lee Hyeon-Joo , Kao Chi-Wen , Friedmann Erika , Thomas Sue A. , Anderson Jill , Bardy Gust H.
Published: May 2020

Use of device therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure is expanding on the basis of evidence from recent clinical trials. Three multicenter prospective clinical trials—Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure (SCD-HeFT); Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION); and Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF)—were conducted to determine the effectiveness of devices in reducing mortality in patients with heart failure who did not have a history of ventricular arrhythmias. The 3 trials varied in the devices used, the population of patients included, and the study designs. In SCD-HeFT, implantable cardioverter defibrillators were more effective than pharmacological therapy in preventing mortality among patients with mild to moderate heart failure. In COMPANION, cardiac resynchronization therapy alone and cardiac resynchronization therapy plus an implantable cardioverter defibrillator were more effective than optimal drug treatment in reducing morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. In CARE-HF, cardiac resynchronization therapy alone was more effective than optimal drug treatment in reducing all-cause mortality in patients with moderate to severe heart failure. No direct comparison of the devices used has been done. These 3 clinical trials provide clear evidence that device therapy is beneficial for some patients with heart failure, even patients who do not have a history of ventricular arrhythmia.
A cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Italian tourists visiting India, March 2020
Authors: Vivian Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley , Murhekar Manoj , Mehta Yatin , Kataria Sushila , Brijwal Megha , Gupta Nitesh , Choudhary Aashish , Malhotra Bharati , Vyas Madhavi , Sharma Himanshu , Yadav Naveen , Bhatnagar Tarun , Gupta Nivedita , Dar Lalit , Gangakhedkar Raman R. , Bhargava Balram
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:

A cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred among Italian tourists visiting India. We report here the epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of the first cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the tourists.

Methods:

Information was collected on demographic details, travel and exposure history, comorbidities, timelines of events, date of symptom onset and duration of hospitalization from the 16 Italian tourists and an Indian with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical, laboratory, radiologic and treatment data was abstracted from their medical records and all tourists were followed up till their recovery or discharge or death. Throat and deep nasal swab specimens were collected on days 3, 8, 15, 18, 23 and 25 to evaluate viral clearance.

Results:

A group of 23 Italian tourists reached New Delhi, India, on February 21, 2020 and along with three Indians visited several tourist places in Rajasthan. By March 3, 2020, 17 of the 26 (attack rate: 65.4%) had become positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these 17 patients, nine were symptomatic, while eight did not show any symptoms. Of the nine who developed symptoms, six were mild, one was severe and two were critically ill. The median duration between the day of confirmation for COVID-19 and RT-PCR negativity was 18 days (range: 12-23 days). Two patients died with a case fatality of 11.8 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study reconfirms higher rates of transmission among close contacts and therefore, public health measures such as physical distancing, personal hygiene and infection control measures are necessary to prevent transmission.
Poetry in the Social Studies Textbooks in Turkey
Authors: Tarman Bulent , Kılınç Emin
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine social studies textbooks to investigate the use of poetry in the social studies textbooks in Turkey. This paper also examines whose poets have been represented in the textbooks. The authors applied content analysis to evaluate social studies textbooks. Content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text. It is also described as a method of analyzing written, verbal or visual communication messages. Content analysis allows the researcher to test theoretical issues to enhance understanding of the data. The results showed that very few poems were used in the social studies textbooks. The finding of the study revealed that poems in the 4th grade textbooks relate to topics that were interest to students the nature and humanism. Poem about Şavşat, described the beauty of Turkish homeland in the four seasons. Vetch Field poem in the 5th grade social studies textbook, described a bride who has to work in the field. This poem seems to be written for girls since the language indicates ‘girls’ several times. It emphasizes how hard to be a bride in the vetch field. Remaining poems were used to promote students’ patriotic values. These poems emphasizes flag, homeland, heroism etc.
Variación de algunos indicadores fisiológicos y componentes del rendimiento con la fertilización orgánica en la variedad de caña de azúcar cristalina en las condiciones de la Amazonía ecuatoriana.
Authors: Alemán Pérez Reinaldo Demesio , Domínguez Brito Javier , Bravo Medina Carlos Alfredo , Iza Guanoluisa Edgar Rubén , Reyes Morán Héctor Fernando , Freile Almeida Jorge Antonio , Alba Rojas Jorge Luis , Marino Téllez Ernesto , Gutiérrez Morales Eberto Pablo
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la variación de algunos indicadores fisiológicos y componentes del rendimiento con la fertilización orgánica en la variedad de caña de azúcar cristalina en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. La investigación se desarrolló en la finca San Carlos, ubicada en el recinto Oswaldo Hurtado de la vía Puyo-Macas km 29 perteneciente a la parroquia Simón Bolívar del cantón Pastaza, provincia de Pastaza y consistió en el estudio del comportamiento de la variedad cristalina conocida como limeña rayada ante la aplicación de dos abonos orgánicos, Pollinaza y Bagazo más un testigo donde no se realizó abonadura. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar, con tres réplicas, y se evaluaron variables como el ahijamiento, el número de tallos por plantón, la altura y el diámetro de los tallos, el área foliar y el índice de área foliar; también se calculó el rendimiento agrícola en megagramos por hectárea. Los resultados fueron procesados mediante un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tuckey para determinar las diferencias entre las medias para el nivel de significación del 95% (P<0.05). Se demostró que los principales indicadores morfológicos, fisiológicos y productivos de la variedad de caña Cristalina resultaron superiores a partir de la fertilización orgánica con Pollinaza, con valores de 15 tallos por plantón, 160 cm de altura a los 270 días de la brotación, 17.6 m2 de área foliar, con un índice de área foliar de 5.9 y un rendimiento agrícola de 145 Mg ha-1.
Variaciones morfométricas y conductuales de la abeja melífera (Apis mellifera) en diferentes pisos altitudinales en la serranía ecuatoriana.
Authors: Masaquiza Moposita Diego Armando , Curbelo Rodríguez Lino , Díaz Monroy Byron , Velasco Guanoluisa Milton , Andrade Yucailla Verónica Cristina
Published: May 2020

En la zona centro de la serranía ecuatoriana se evaluó el efecto de diferentes pisos altitudinales en indicadores morfométricos (tamaño de celdilla, coloración de las abejas) y conductuales (conducta higiénica y defensiva) de Apis mellifera; para ello se realizaron tres muestreos en los meses de marzo, junio y septiembre de 2017 en apiarios de las provincias de Tungurahua (6) y Chimborazo (10), en cada uno se seleccionaron las cinco colmenas más productivas. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y las comparaciones se realizaron con análisis de varianza. El menor tamaño de celda (p?0.05) se encontró en los apiarios situados a 2 720 msnm (5.15 cm); mientras que, para la coloración, las abejas con dos y tres segmentos amarillos predominaron en todas las alturas, mientras las obscuras fueron significativas a una altura de 3 200 msnm. La conducta higiénica mostró diferencias únicamente para el primer muestreo con 85.5% a 2 850 msnm. La conducta defensiva no difirió para las distintas alturas evaluadas con una media de 14.43 aguijones en un minuto. Según estos resultados, el efecto de la altura es apreciable en variables como el tamaño de celda, coloración y conducta higiénica, lo que puede estar asociado a posibles efectos de apareamientos libres, adaptación a las condiciones ambientales y a procesos de africanización. Se sugiere la necesidad de complementar estos estudios con análisis de morfometría geométrica y estudios genéticos de ADN mitocondrial para obtener el linaje materno.
Dasonomía de las palmas reales cubanas en sistemas sostenibles de producción porcina.
Authors: Ayala González Lázara , Ly Carmenatti Julio , Arias San Martin Ramón , Contino Esquijerosa Yuvan , Acosta Lozano Néstor Vicente , Andrade Yucailla Verónica Cristina
Published: May 2020

Se organizó una secuencia experimental para investigar la propagación de palmas reales (Roystonea regia H.B.K. Cook) como integrante del sistema de producción amigable, sostenible, biológica y económica de palmares y cerdos donde el palmiche como vínculo ha perdurado en los campos cubanos durante más de medio milenio. Se organizó una matriz DAFO para conocer y transformar el status de la propagación de las palmas. Se hizo una encuesta entre 40 campesinos porcicultores seleccionados al azar y miembros de cooperativas de las provincias Artemisa y Mayabeque, del Oeste cubano. Se inquirió sobre prácticas de cultivos de palmas y se constituyó un banco digital de datos a la vez que se organizó un segundo banco digital con documentación localizada en internet, sobre dasonomía de palmáceas. Finalmente, las encuestas indicaron que la colecta de plántulas de palmas reales fue la práctica mayoritaria de propagación (50.0–66.7% de preferencia). El banco de datos sobre propagación de palmáceas reunió 200 documentos. El estudio de la información permitió preparar un artículo reseña sobre botánica y propagación de la palma real cubana, sin antecedentes desde la era de Roig, que contempló 13 secciones y contaba con 90 referencias bibliográficas. Este meta-análisis sugirió que la propagación de las Roystoneas puede pasar de la práctica tradicional de moteo o selección de plántulas nacidas al pie de palmas madres, a técnicas contemporáneas, como cultivar tejido, permitiendo utilizar herramientas genéticas de selección e hibridación, para obtener rápidamente árboles de menor altura y frutos con más lípidos y menos pared celular.
La chacra como paradigma territorial: dinámicas de producción agroecológica.
Authors: Espinosa Chico Mayra , Pardo Enríquez Dalton , Rodríguez Badillo Leo
Published: May 2020

La chacra se presenta como un espacio geográfico en el cual se materializa la postura ideológica y estratégica relacionada a la producción. El objetivo fue analizar las dinámicas de esta como consecuencia de la apropiación o confrontación de los procesos de intervención, teniendo como principal estructurador la organización familiar. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de dos casos puntuales: la chacra de Pindo Yaku y la chacra de Mushukkausay que representan las posturas de cambio y resistencia al cambio. Se realizaron encuestas semiestructuradas, recorridos guiados y el mapeó participativo de los cambios. En este sentido, los productores se apropian o entran en conflicto con los procesos de intervención, y configuran su espacio productivo en relación a sus lógicas, muchas de ellas relacionadas al ciclo familiar y los recursos tierra-financiamiento. La chacra amazónica es un escenario en el cual se perciben procesos de cambio y a la vez de resistencia al mismo. Por un lado, las parcelas se modifican dividiéndose en sub-parcelas, cada una de las cuales se especializa dando lugar a cierta diversidad a nivel de unidad productiva. Por otro lado, se conserva como un recurso heredado en su forma y contenido. La familia se transforma en una organización jurídica que se adapta al modelo normativo para acceder a los beneficios del Estado, pero se mantienen los principios y la forma familiar de tomar decisiones, propia de la cultura Kichwa.
Diagnóstico turístico local para promover el turismo auténtico y sostenible en Yagüajay.
Authors: Zulueta Acea Mario Antonio , Boffill Vega Sinaí , Romero Romero Osvaldo
Published: May 2020

El fomento del turismo local constituye una de las líneas estratégicas de desarrollo del municipio Yagüajay. En el territorio existen comunidades con valores paisajísticos y patrimoniales de gran significado; sin embargo, tiene abierto sólo algunos atractivos turísticos, a pesar de que existen potencialidades locales que no han sido suficientemente explotadas. De allí la idea de impulsar un turismo con alta participación comunitaria que aproveche las ventajas del municipio al estar entre los cayos «Coco» y «Santa María» y crear atractivos turísticos adicionales. Se pretende fomentarlo y desarrollarlo de forma tal que muestre la vida auténtica de la localidad a través de su patrimonio material e inmaterial. El presente trabajo persigue socializar los resultados del diagnóstico realizado con este fin a partir de la utilización de herramientas, técnicas y métodos de investigación para la recopilación de información, integrándose al procedimiento diseñado para tales efectos. Como resultado se identificaron acciones integrales a desarrollar por el gobierno en el territorio y sus actores, en aras de potenciar el turismo local al que se aspira, con un uso sustentable de recursos naturales como el agua, la energía, materias primas, la preservación de los paisajes naturales y el patrimonio cultural; además de la producción de alimentos en sistemas agrobiodiversos y en procesos agroindustriales del territorio, y la comida típica local; todo ello en un nuevo espacio de atracción turística, auténtica y sostenible.
Visión del cambio climático desde la perspectiva del riego y drenaje en Ecuador.
Authors: Balmaseda Espinosa Carlos Eloy , Mederos Machado María Caridad
Published: May 2020

Los principales impactos del cambio climático son las modificaciones que suceden en los ciclos del agua y del carbono, así como en las temperaturas, que provocan deshielos y escurrimientos de grandes magnitudes. Los cambios bruscos de estas variables son las que determinan las labores a desarrollar en los agroecosistemas ecuatorianos, donde se presentan localmente precipitaciones intensas y extensos períodos de sequía, modificaciones en la radiación solar, heladas, incremento de la temperatura media, y por consiguiente, se impacta en la seguridad alimentaria, así como en el modo y la calidad de vida en las zonas rurales. En dependencia de la región edafoclimática, los cultivos más afectados son el arroz, maíz, soya, quinua, papa y la ganadería. Las medidas fundamentales de adaptación y mitigación de este fenómeno en el país están descritas en la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático del Ecuador. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la visión que tienen los especialistas en riego y drenaje sobre el cambio climático y su influencia en la labor que realizan. A partir de un análisis documental se definen los principales desafíos a enfrentar ante las variaciones en los regímenes de precipitaciones y temperaturas que inciden en mayor evapotranspiración de los cultivos y, por tanto, un incremento de las necesidades hídricas, los cuales van encaminados a una gestión eficiente del agua, con métodos y técnicas que respondan a las nuevas condiciones de menos disponibilidad de este recurso.
Soil invertebrates in the Tropics: a bibliographical revision.
Authors: Ríos Guayasamín Pedro , Muñoz Rengifo Julio , M. Smith Sandy
Published: May 2020

The invertebrates are the most diverse group in the world; they colonize almost all the ecosystems and certainly give many goods and services to the human beings. The invertebrates that live in the soil contribute consistently with changes in the ecosystemic functions, affecting directly: nutrients, cycle, change in biomass contain ecological nets and inter specific relations for more voluminous organisms. For this exercise were taken the information of the six more representative magazines (2010-2016). The invertebrates in the tropics are maybe the most diverse group, although in the checking stage carried out only 64% represented tropical zones or subtropical exclusively, the rest is a comparison with temperate zones or global studious. Because of its diversity, many invertebrates are waiting for their taxonomical descriptions; many specialists are not from tropical countries. Brazil is the country with more investigations about this theme with its own investigators. No all the invertebrates have received the same attention, and the most studied groups are the orders Hymenoptera (20%), Coleopteran (12%) and Araneae (6%), many families without identification (25%), distinguishing studious in Fomicidae (24%) and Scarabaeinae (8%) mainly. The tendency is to work with those that are better described. The articles selected constitute a key for identifying the most useable methodologies, where the fall trap (30%), quadrant (11%) and transecto (9%), are remarkable over 24 methodologies, the most widespread time of studious was for only one season (< 1 year) the central point of the search in the soil (40%) and the fallen leaves (38%).
Tratados y convenios internacionales que regulan los principios éticos que deben regir el actuar del auditor gubernamental
Authors: Arroyo Jennifer
Published: May 2020

La ética en la función pública ha sido ampliamente estudiada durante los últimos años ante el preocupante incremento de los casos de corrupción en la función pública en los países latinoamericanos. Tradicionalmente se analizan los deberes éticos y la normativa aplicable en la función pública desde la perspectiva del funcionario público, del gestor público, mientras que a las Entidades de Fiscalización Superior y auditorías internas se las analiza desde su papel de órgano de control y fiscalizadores de la conducta ética de los gestores públicos.
No obstante, los auditores y demás funcionarios que ocupan estos cargos no sólo están obligados a cumplir con las demandas éticas aplicables en general a todos los funcionarios sino que dado su papel de garantes de la ética pública poseen demandas mayores y un régimen más exigente. De tal manera que este documento recopila los principales instrumentos técnicos y jurídicos que a nivel internacional se han preocupado especialmente por la conducta ética del auditor gubernamental, tales como la normativa técnica emitida por la Organización Internacional de las Entidades de Fiscalización Superior (INTOSAI), Instituto de Auditores Internos (IIA) y demás normas internacionales. Prosigue con un detalle de los principios éticos que son base fundamental para que el auditor gubernamental pueda desempeñar en forma adecuada su función: independencia, objetividad, integridad, confidencialidad o secreto profesional, competencia profesional y comportamiento profesional. Finaliza destacando la importancia del actuar ético de todo funcionario público, pero resaltando la mayor demanda de conducta intachable que recae en quienes desempeñan labores de auditoría en función de la investidura de integridad inherente al cargo.
Phylogenetic Study of African Combretaceae R. Br. based on rbcL Sequence
Authors: Onefeli Alfred Ossai , Stanys Vidmantas
Published: May 2020

Combretaceae is an angiosperm family of high economic value. However, there is dearth of information on the phylogenetic relationship of the members of this family using ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (rcbL) gene. Previous studies with electrophoretic-based and morphological markers revealed that this family is phylogenetically complex.

In the present study, 79 sequences of rbcL were used to study the phylogenetic relationship among the members of Combretaceae of African origin with a view to provide more information required for the utilization and management of this family. Multiple Sequence alignment was executed using the MUSCLE component of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Version X Analysis (MEGA X). Transition/Transversion ratio, Consistency index, Retention Index and Composite Index were also determined. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor joining methods.

The alignment of rcbL in the family Combretaceae shows 0.59 for both variation and parsimony sites with the overall mean distance of 0.71. Result shows that the genera Combretum, Terminalia are polyphyletic, while Conocarpus, Quisqualis and Meiostemon are monophyletic.

Findings from this study can be applied to the scientific classification of the African Combretaceae, especially where morphological and electrophoretic-based molecular delimitation have failed. rbcL from this family can also be used as barcodes against drug adulteration of the medicinal species.
Buglossoporus pulvinus, a rare wood-inhabiting fungus on ancient oak trees in Poland: ecology, distribution and extinction risk assessment
Authors: Szczepkowski Andrzej , Gierczyk Błażej , Kujawa Anna
Published: May 2020

Buglossoporus pulvinus is widely distributed across Europe, within the range of Quercus robur. Throughout the area in which it appears, it is rare or very rare. It is listed as an endangered species in Europe and has been added to the Red Lists of fungi in a number of countries, along with awaiting inclusion in the IUCN Red List. In this study we have critically analysed the existing data about the occurrence of B. pulvinus in Poland. We have presented two new localities of the species in question in Poland, as well as new occurrences on the territory of the Białowieża National Park, the only place where this species had been previously recorded in Poland. Selected trees and logs inhabited by B. pulvinus have been characterized. We have indicated the number of observed basidiomata, their phenology, and the sizes of the largest specimens. We have identified 8 fungus species (Bisporella citrina, Daedalea quercina, Hapalopilus croceus, Hymenochaete rubiginosa, Laetiporus sulphureus, Mycena galericulata, M. inclinata, Xylobolus frustulatus) that coexist with B. pulvinus. Based on the new distribution data for B. pulvinus in Poland, according to IUCN Red List criteria this species should be classified as Endangered (EN).
Alien predation in wetlands – the Raccoon Dog and water birds breeding success
Authors: Nummi Petri , Vaananen Veli-Matti , Pekkarinen Antti-Juhani , Eronen Visa , Mikkola-Roos Markku , Nurmi Jarkko , Rautiainen Antti , Rusanen Pekka
Published: May 2020

Alien predators are known to potentially strongly affect their prey populations. We studied the impact of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) on waterbird breeding success in eight semi-urban wetlands in Finland. We manipulated raccoon dog density in two wetlands by removing individuals (2002 protection year, 2003 and 2004 removal years). We additionally performed nest predation experiments. We monitored raccoon dog density, estimated hunting bag size and observed waterbird breeding success. Our hypothesis predicts that the omnivorous raccoon dog plays a role in waterbird breeding success by depredating nests. Our experiments shown that the raccoon dog hunting bag in eutrophic wetlands may be large, as we removed 8.6–20.0 animals per km2. Both our nest predation experiment and field data indicated that raccoon dogs affect the breeding success of waterbirds. We found a significant relationship between raccoon dog density index and predation rate of the artificial nests, but not between red fox (Vulpes vulpes) density and predation on artificial nests. We did not find an association between raccoon dog abundance and the breeding success of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus). However, our study shows that birds species with different breeding strategies – e.g. great crested grebe, mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard, Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope), coot (Fulica atra), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) – when considered together showed higher breeding success both in 2003 and 2004 when compared to breeding success before removal. There was, however, variation in how strongly the species responded to raccoon dog removal. Our results indicate that the removal of alien raccoon dogs can be an important tool in wetland management.

                                  Keywords: ducks, invasive species, lapwing, nest predation experiment, Nyctereutes procyonoides, predator removal
The effect of forest management practices on deadwood resources and structure in protected and managed montane forests during tree-stand reconstruction after dieback of Norway spruce
Authors: Staniaszek-kik Monika , Žarowiec Jan , Chmura Damian
Published: May 2020

Forest management practices can not only influence the amount of deadwood but also the proportions of particular elements. The goal of the present paper was to compare the amount, number of logs, stumps and snags and their dendrometrical parameters between the protected and managed forests in the Karkonosze Mts after a huge dieback of Picea abies. A massive decline of Norway spruce has been observed since the 1980s. The protected forests belong to Karkonosze National Park and the managed forests are situated in its buffer zone. In total, 1336 elements of coarse woody debris (CWD) were included in the study. They were distributed on 180 study plots (10 m × 10 m) that were randomly selected. Among the deadwood elements, spruce Picea abies dominated (80.3%) followed by beech Fagus sylvatica (14.3%). Logs were more numerous in the protected forest (57.3%) than in the managed forests (42.7%). Snags and stumps were more frequent – 56.9% and 52.8%, respectively, in the managed forests than in the protected forests – 43.1% and 47.2%, respectively. The mean volume of CWD was ca 114 m3 ha-1 in the protected forests whereas ca 70 m3 ha-1 was in managed forests.The mean number of stumps per study plot was higher in the managed forests. The mean volume and mean area of logs were higher in the protected forest as was the mean volume and diameter at breast height, whereas the height of the snags was higher in the managed forests. In terms of differences in the decomposition of deadwood between the two types of forests, the mean weighted degree of decay on a five-degree scale amounted to 2.9 in the protected forests and 2.7 in the managed forests. A larger amount of deadwood as well as a greater volume and surface area are very important for nature conservation because deadwood can function as a niche for many saproxylobiont organisms. The forest management practices and especially the weak conditions of spruce lead to a larger number of snags in a managed forest due to the reconstruction of tree-stands and the removal of deadwood by foresters.
Impact of urban green spaces, native tree species and seasons on soil pH in Kaunas, Lithuania
Authors: Straigytė Lina , Vaidelys Tadas , Žalkauskas Remigijus , Manton Michael
Published: May 2020

Tree growth is sensitive to soil pH in urban areas and is often higher than in rural forest. However, there are knowledge gaps on how soil pH and alkalization are affected by urban environments and seasonal climate as well as the cascading effects on tree species. In order to fulfill these gaps, we analyzed the soil pHCaCl of four common native deciduous tree species: Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Quercus robur and Betula pendula in five different types of urban green spaces in Kaunas city municipality (Lithuania). The results show that soil pH in urban environments with Betula pendula sites were most alkaline (pH 7.04), whereas the soil pH of urban environments with Acer platanoides (pH 6.7) and Tilia cordata (pH 6.8) were most acidic. The soil pH of street tree greeneries was alkaline, while soils of peri-urban forests and large urban parks were acidic. Differently to natural conditions in peri urban forests the soil pH level drop down by 0.5 is observed during spring-autumn period in broad street greeneries with largest urban pressure. The variation in soil pH of the different types of green space and tree species shows that city planner should consider the unique conditions of all green space to maximize their potential for human well-being.
Application of fuzzy and classical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods in assessing the forest area preservation level of Romania’s counties
Authors: Albulescu Andra Cosmina , Larion Daniela
Published: May 2020

With over a quarter of its territory covered by forest, Romania stands out as a European country with a medium forest area extension. Despite the fact that the forest area has increased since 2008, there are counties that are affected by forest loss caused by outlawed forest cutting and other factors. This calls for improved knowledge and critical spatial planning of the forest area at county level. The aim of this study is to assess the forest area preservation level of Romania’s 41 counties using fuzzy and classical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods. The paper includes inferences regarding the distribution of the illegal forest cutting cases at county level, that link forest management issues with the forest area preservation level. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to weigh factors related to the changes of forest provisions, forest loss and forest regeneration processes, dimensions of forest exploitation and illegal forest cutting cases using forest data referring to 1990-2017. The alternatives are represented by the 41 counties of Romania and are evaluated by the use of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results are integrated with GIS and the choropleth map may serve as a powerful visual and practical tool for identifying the counties with pressing forest loss issues. Results show the counties with the lowest levels of forest area preservation were Argeș, Prahova and Gorj. Harghita, Brăila and Suceava counties recorded the highest levels of forest area preservation. While some of the counties that rank among the least in terms of forest area preservation are also altered by massive illegal forest cutting, there are others that serve as counter-examples. The discrepancies are explained by the provisional character of the illegal forest cutting data. Our study shows significant practical importance, pointing out the administrative units of Romania that need to take urgent action in order to mitigate the problem of forest loss and to better their forest management.

 

Keywords: forest area preservation, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, forest management, illegal forest cutting, Romania.