bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the history of forest-agrarian relations and modern socio-economic problems in the rural Novgorod region
Authors: Avdeev E A
Published: December 2020

The article provides historical information about the life and work of the peasant population from the middle of the 19th century reflecting significant demographic changes in the number of families of rural residents, as well as the structure of their income from various types of activities. The total income of peasant farms was not only agricultural, but also largely from trade and craft occupations, primarily from forestry. Diversification ensured year-round employment of the rural population and its sustainability. An analysis of legislative changes in recent decades has shown that a negative situation has arisen of alienation of the agricultural sector of the economy and rural residents from forest resources. They mainly began to be used only in the interests of large specialized enterprises for the harvesting and processing of wood under the auspices of a monopoly, self-controlling federal forestry agency. It is proposed to introduce a number of legislative amendments to the socio-economic life of rural residents, to restore the complexity of agriculture and forestry in the development of the provisions of the new Forest Code of the Russian Federation. It is advisable to use not only international but also historical domestic experience of self-sufficiency, self-financing, profitability of complex enterprises in agriculture and forestry that existed in the 60-70s of the 20th century, both in the Novgorod region and in other forest regions of the country.
Dynamics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by meadow legumes at various development phases in the conditions of the Novgorod region of the North-West of Russia
Authors: Bevz S Y
Published: December 2020

The data on the study of the influence of the developmental phase of meadow legumes on their symbiotic nitrogen fixation are presented. It has been experimentally proved that the mowing time significantly affects the formation of the symbiotic apparatus and the accumulation of biological nitrogen. Due to symbiotic fixation on medium-acid soils of heavy texture in the first two years of life, Carmine meadow clover cultivated from the beginning of budding phase to the beginning of flowering, about 80–90 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha was accumulated, which corresponds to 57–67% of the total removal with the harvest. Such a symbiotic apparatus provided high protein feed from the main cut for hay without additional mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the range of 4.4–5.4 tons of dry weight or 19.3–22.2.2 tons of green mass per hectare. Later mowing of the grass stand led to a significant reduction in the use of biological nitrogen. The removal of biological nitrogen decreased by 1.8 times and amounted to only 45 kg per 1 ha.
The vertical structure of clover-cereal and cereal meadow grasses depending on their composition, mowing period and growing conditions in the Novgorod region of the North-West of Russia
Authors: Bevz S Y , Burova S S
Published: December 2020

Data are presented on the study of the influence of the composition of meadow cenoses, the term of their mowing, and the dose of mineral nitrogen on the distribution of phytomass along the height of clover-grass and grass meadow grass stands. It has been experimentally proved that the composition of agrocenoses, their mowing time and growing conditions have a great influence on the vertical distribution of the vegetative mass of meadow grass stands. For mowing use on medium-acid soils of heavy mechanical composition, legume-cereal grass with hybrid clover included in its composition is most suitable. On average over the years of research, this meadow agrocenosis cropped from the full budding phase to the full bloom phase is characterized by the most uniform phytomass distribution over the height of the grass stand. In addition, it was experimentally confirmed that the introduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizing under cereal meadow grass stands contributes to a more even distribution of vegetative mass along the agrocenoses height. When nitrogen is applied in a dose of 120 kg per 1 ha under cereal grass stand, there is a significant shift of the “center of equilibrium” up the height of the grass stand and a reduction in the amount of phytomass in the lower tier compared to unfertilized cereal agrocenosis, which is important when mowing grass meadows.
Nutritional status of polluted region: evaluating student food diary
Authors: Budkevich R O , Budkevich E V , Banshchikova T N , Bakumenko O E , Tinkova E L , Evdokimov I A
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to explore food diaries to identify differences in the received nutrients between students living in a relatively ecologically safe area and polluted region. The sample included 179 participants living in Stavropol (ecologically safe area) and Nevinnomyssk (polluted region) at the age of 17 to 23 years. Dietary intake was estimated using a 7-days food diary and nutrient intake adequacy using the computer program “Nutrition for health and longevity”. Participants did not significantly differ in age, gender, height and weight. There were total caloric and nutrients shortage in most of all students, regardless of the residence. Reduced fat consumption and pronounced deficiency of biotin, beta-carotene, choline, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, I, manganese, Fe, S, F, Se and Zn was found. Severity of protein, niacin, K, Ca, Mg and P deficiency in diet was higher in polluted area compared to the relatively ecologically safe area. In this regard, there are several related issues that need to be addressed in the future. These are the intake of heavy metals from food, the production and use of environmentally friendly food, and the development of functional products for students and residents of polluted regions.
Sheep productivity in relation to coarse fiber in new-born lambs of different genotypes
Authors: Chernobai E N , Voblikova T V , Agarkova N A , Efimova N I
Published: December 2020

The presence of coarse fiber in newborn animals indicates the viability and high productivity of animals in adulthood, therefore, when breeding meat-wool sheep of the Jalghin merino breed, flocks of lambs should be formed according to the amount of coarse fiber at birth. It was found that in all groups, animals born with coarse fiber at all age periods had superiority in live weight over animals born without coarse fiber. In group I of the fine line, 72.5% were born without coarse fiber, and 27.5% with coarse fiber. In group III of the strong line, 13.6% were born without coarse fiber of lambs, 86.4% with coarse fiber. In the second group of the medium line, there was practically the same ratio of without and with coarse fiber lambs and amounted to 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively. It was found that, at birth and at 4 months of age, in terms of live weight, rams with coarse fiber, regardless of their linearity, outnumbered their peers. At 14 months of age, the superiority of animals of group III in live weight in general over their peers in groups I and II was 8.8% (P <0.001) and 5.4% (P <0.001). In turn, the rams of the III group that were born with coarse fiber had a significant superiority over the coarse-fibered peers of the I and II groups by 5.6% (P <0.001) and 2.8% (P <0.001). The same tendency was noted for the rams that were born without coarse fiber, animals of the III group (strong) had a significant superiority over their peers (fine and medium).
Features of the formation and use of groundwater in the Novgorod region
Authors: Davydova S G , Dmitruk N G
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of providing fresh water to residents of the Novgorod region, which is linked to the possibilities of expanded use of groundwater. The authors characterize the features of occurrence and distribution of the aquifer in the region. Special attention is paid to the mineralized waters of the region, the features of their modern use in the resort industry and the food industry, for domestic needs of the population.
Soil areas of the Novgorod region in the context of their agricultural use
Authors: Dmitruk N G , Druzhnova M P
Published: December 2020

The article considers the issues of establishing correspondence between soil-forming factors and soil properties. The aim is to determine the degree of natural soil fertility in the context of its agricultural use in the Novgorod region. The main soil-forming factors are the Quaternary mother rocks and modern sediments, in some areas they are represented by the Paleozoic indigenous deposits. Soil formation largely depends on climatic features, hypsometry, rugged terrain and vegetation, which are heterogeneous within the Novgorod region. These factors undermine the processes of podzol, peat and gley formation and sod process, which jointly determine the mosaic of the soil cover. The authors have examined the soil-geographical areas of the Novgorod region, given the characteristics of soils and identified measures connected with agricultural activities and special techniques aimed at improving the soil properties and increasing fertility.
Analysis of foreign and domestic practice of operating sludge platforms to minimize negative environmental impact
Authors: Dregulo A M , Vitkovskaya R F
Published: December 2020

For many European countries, including the United States and Russia, the use of sludge platforms is one of the most appropriate methods for treating sewage sludge. However, a comparative analysis of the operation of sludge platforms showed that the practice of treating sewage sludge on sludge maps in Russia is of little use. Technological methods used to optimize their processing processes require significant revision. Foreign practices are most adapted both to the removal of excess moisture from the sludge and to the neutralization (treatment) of sewage sludge from heavy metals and other soluble forms of pollutants.
Assessment of the use of genetic resources of the black-and-white breed in dairy cattle breeding in the Novgorod region
Authors: Emelyanov E G , Botvinova S L
Published: December 2020

The article gives an assessment of the quality of sires used to increase the genetic resources of black-and-white cattle raised on the farms of the Novgorod region.
Problems of dairy cattle herd reproduction in Novgorod region and set of measures to solve them
Authors: Emelyanov E G , Botvinova S L
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of the study on conditions of dairy cattle reproduction in commodity farms and pedigree breeding units. Ways of solving the problems of reproduction in the conditions of the Novgorod region are proposed.
Modification of the carbohydrate component of ice cream and frozen desserts using glucose-galactose syrup
Authors: Evdokimov I A , Kulikova I K , Volkova E I , Oleshkevich O I , Shramko M I , Voblikova T V
Published: December 2020

Functional and technological properties of glucose-galactose syrup as a substitute for sucrose in the technology of functional ice cream and milk desserts are studied. A comparative analysis of the effect of sucrose, fructose, galactose, and glucose-galactose syrup on formation of the sensory profile of sweeteners is performed. Patterns of the impact of concentration and temperature on the degree of sweetness of glucose and galactose syrup are revealed. The optimal ratio of glucose-galactose syrup and sucrose (50/50) in ice cream and frozen milk desserts is determined.
Current trend in the development of biotechnology of a specialized dairy product for nutrition of athletes
Authors: Gavrilova N B , Chernopolskaya N L , Bukharev A G , Pogorelova N A , Dolmatova I A , Salekhov S A
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the analysis of modern domestic and foreign scientific and technical literature that addresses organization of healthy nutrition for athletes. The results obtained allow us to conclude that most of the studies and experiments have been performed in accordance with the target activities of athletes in a particular sport with different physical loads and specific diseases that reduce effectiveness of their training cycle. Relevance and significance of the development of the biotechnology for specialized food products for nutrition of athletes and professionals, as well as amateurs and the population regularly engaged in physical exercises is defined. The aim of the study is formulated, study objects and methods are described, scientific substantiation is provided, and a current trend in the development of biotechnological parameters of a specialized dairy (curd) product recommended for nutrition of athletes is determined. The study optimized the elemental composition of a new type of specialized product with two species of starter culture with probiotic cultures and special ingredients (concentrate of Milki land-WPC 80 whey proteins, glutamine, pollen) used to enrich the new product with free irreplaceable amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. This increased its digestibility and stability of the athlete’s gastrointestinal tract due to a specialized product that contains immobilized probiotic cultures in an amount of at least 1·108 CFU. Chemical, amino-acid and vitamin composition of specific ingredients is presented, characteristics of their macro- and microelement composition are provided, and the relevance of their use is substantiated. Technological parameters for manufacturing a new product are determined, and a block diagram of the technology for manufacturing a curd product for the nutrition of athletes is presented.
The use of vegetable proteins in summer sausage production
Authors: Kenijz N V , Varivoda AA , Bychkova T S , S’yanov D A , Nikolaev I A
Published: December 2020

Vegetable proteins have become widespread in sausage production due to the need to lower its cost. Lentil is a promising vegetable protein. The study focuses on changes in the functional and technological, and physicochemical parameters of model sausage meat for the production of summer sausage. The dynamics of the growth of starter cultures for the model sausage meat with partial substitution of raw meat was found positive. The moisture-binding and water-holding capacity reduces, and this speeds up the rate of sausage drying.
Public monitoring in the assessment of bird biodiversity in Veliky Novgorod
Authors: Konovalova M A , Denisenkova T V
Published: December 2020

Veliky Novgorod has considerable potential for birdwatching development due to its rich bird biodiversity and possibility of combining cultural and eco-tourism, as more and more people are interested in the quality of the urban environment. Reporting of bird sightings by members of the public provides an opportunity to collect data continuously over wider geographical areas, increase detectability of species. Modern technologies greatly facilitate what was previously available only to professionals: photo and video recording of sightings, definition of species. This potential is not fully realized, which is clearly demonstrated by the fact that the all-Russian platform Online Diaries of Bird Observation does not provide data for the Novgorod region at all. The research methods were: observation, survey of students, teachers, and employees of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, analysis of cartographic data for 2016-2020. The community of amateurs is concentrated around enthusiasts of professional ornithologists, as in the community of Birds of Novgorod Region. Since 2016, Veliky Novgorod has been providing data on the Nightingale evenings platform, after an increase in 2017, the number of respondents remained the same. Since only a part of respondents are permanent, and there are no regular routes for shift ones, the coverage of districts is uneven. Each year information is provided by 16-28 people, sightings vary from 84 to 116. To attract birdwatching volunteers to monitor birds in Novgorod region, one needs to develop a special project, including through NovSU project activities.
Herbaceous plants growing in Arctic zones as potential perspective sources of valuable flavonoids
Authors: Korovkina A , Zhirov V , Tsvetov N , Petrashova D
Published: December 2020

Flavonoids represent a wide group of polyphenols involved in many key processes of plant growth and its can be successfully used in medical practice. In plants that are exposed to extreme factors of various nature, the flavonoids synthesis occurs more intensively compared with plants of the same species growing under more favorable conditions. Thus, it can be assumed that it is the Arctic plants that can be important sources of flavonoids. This paper presents the results of a search for flavonoid sources among herbaceous plants growing in the Arctic zone, in particular, the Murmansk region. The total flavonoid content in ethanol extracts of 24 plant species was estimated using the reaction of complexation with aluminum chloride. It was shown that Lathyrus pratensis L., Lupinus arcticus L., Hedysarum alpinum L., Chamaenerion angustifolium L., and Polygonum weyrichii species contain the highest amounts of flavonoids.
Biotechnology of biological bacterial preparations used in resource-saving farming
Authors: Koryagin Y , Kulikova E , Koryagina N , Sharunov O
Published: December 2020

The article presents materials on the use of selenium compounds in the production of biological fertilizers, the main active component of which being artificially cultivated nodule bacteria. The objects of research in this work were various types of bacterial organisms used to prepare bacterial fertilizers: symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizoagrin, rhizotorfin for galega and pea) and free-living agrobacteria (agrophil). Sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was used as a source of selenium. The most optimal concentration of selenium ions in the liquid culture of microorganisms was 10–4 g/kg. A positive effect of selenium on the titer of finished preparations was observed: on average for the study period Rhizobiumpisum (rhizotorfin for peas) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on the variant with selenium exceeded that on the control variant by 35.2 and 26.6%, respectively. The absolute titer values of the finished preparations Rhizobiumpisum (pea rhizotorfin) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on non-sterile peat turned out to be higher than on sterile peat, although the trend remained. The inoculation of pea seeds with bacterial preparations increased the number of nodules in the flowering phase on the roots of pea plants by 1.8–2.1 times compared with the control. The treatment of pea seeds with rhizotorfin activated by selenium compounds during its manufacture increased the grain yield by 0.51 t/ha (17.1%) compared with the control, and by 0.30 t/ha (10.0%) when inoculated with rhizotorfin.
Biotechnology in medical application of biocomposite materials for optimization of bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Kovaleva M S , Proshina L G
Published: December 2020

A combination of properties of osteoplastic biocomposite materials, including biological compatibility and biodegradability, puts them in the category of high-tech materials of the 21st century. Biomedical technologies related to the development of materials and devices for reconstructive surgery are particularly promising areas of application of osteoplastic materials. Despite the apparent progress of reconstructive oral surgery, the closure of postoperational extensive alveolar bone defects remains a pressing medical and social problem, for example, plasmocytoma. This disease implies not only treatment by hematologist-oncologist, but also surgical removal of osseous defect followed by its closure, which is a difficult prognostic and time-consuming process. No data on the long-term results of monitoring such patients are available in the literature.
Effect of prunes on organoleptic and technological properties of minced meat
Authors: Lapteva N G
Published: December 2020

At the present time, the search for natural ingredients that improve characteristics of minced meat products, and reduce the amount of synthetic food additives is going on. Plant components are the most popular. Most often they are recommended to be added in the powder form. This helps to improve technological properties of minced systems, as well as reduce the cost of products. In the article the possibility of applying prunes in the composition of minced beef is considered. The effects of prunes on an increase in water-holding capacity of minced meat to 54.4 % in a sample with 20% prune content, a decrease in water loss during 10 days of storage in a frozen state by 4.4 % in the same sample, an increase in the yield of finished products during thermal processing by 8.9 % are shown. It was found out that the color of finished products is within the acceptable range when decreasing the proportion of sodium nitrite to 0.003 % in the recipe, and even at its absence.
On the issue of enrichment of bakery products with functional components
Authors: Lapteva N G
Published: December 2020

The enrichment of food products with natural protein components of plant and animal origin is an important task of the food industry. The problem of lack of protein in the diet is observed among different segments of the population. This is due to the wrong choice of products, commitment to fast food restaurants, metabolic disorders. Bakery products are in high demand. They provide the basis for the energy component of the daily diet due to the high content of carbohydrates. In addition, bread contains B vitamins, essential minerals and fiber. Nutritionists advise giving preference to whole grains and rye bread. However, the popularity of short products remains at a high level. Enrichment of wheat bread with biologically valuable components will increase the level of consumption of nutrients important for humans. The article presents the results of studies of the quality of bakery products when making up to 8% protein peanut mass in the recipe. A technology is proposed for preparing peanut beans before being added to the dough, as well as a sponge method for producing fancy bread. Organoleptic characteristics, acidity and porosity of the crumb were evaluated in the product, the mass fraction of protein was determined, which amounted to at least 12.5% in the experimental samples. The research results prove an increase in the protein content in finished products, as well as the beneficial effect of the additive on the sensory and technological properties of the product. The addition of peanut mass to the composition of bakery products led to an increase in the energy value of the product, which amounted to 325 kcal in the experimental samples.
Effectiveness of various treatment regimens for calves with dyspepsia in Novgorod region
Authors: Lashkova T B , Petrova G V , Zhukova M Yu
Published: December 2020

The situation with dyspepsia of young animals in the postnatal period in agroindustrial companies of Russia remains tense due to a high mortality rate. Specialists are not always able to cover a wide range of drugs currently available on the market, although the success in combating the disease depends on a timely introduction of highly effective drugs and various combinations of treatment regimens into practice. The paper presents the findings of studies on the use of various treatment regimens for dyspepsia of newborn calves, with the inclusion of an immunomodulator. The studies have shown high therapeutic efficacy of both antibacterial drugs Cobactan and Neopen, and their use in combination with the drug Phosprenyl. Laboratory studies of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood demonstrated significantly improved concentration and percentage of the drugs. In the course of treatment with basic drugs, the immunomodulator Phosprenyl enhanced their action and positively affected the percentage composition of the leukoformula. Daily clinical examination of young experimental animals showed that treatment with Cobactan, especially in combination with Phosprenyl, is most effective in terms of fastening recovery and safety of calves.
Cadastral value of land taking into account geo-environmental factors
Authors: Litvinov V F , Yarmolenko A S
Published: December 2020

An urgent task is to determine the cadastral value of land, taking into account the geo-environmental factors affecting the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products and the health of citizens living in the respective territories. The contamination of the territory of the Novgorod region caused by natural and technogenic factors is considered. Natural factors include earth’s crust fractures and the associated infection of the territory with radon. Technogenic factors include the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Basic concepts from the field of measuring radiation contamination of a territory and human radiation doses are given. Radioecological disturbances are considered: earth’s crust fractures, territories with exceeded norms for the content of radon, cesium, potassium, thorium and uranium. Thematic mapping of radioecological violations was done in the environment of the Mapinfo program. Herewith, a schematic ecological map in raster format and a vector map of the region were used, on the basis of which thematic maps were created. On the basis of building norms and rules, as well as using the cost method of decontamination to reduce the radiation dose per 1 person-sievert, it was proved that the cadastral value of agricultural land should be reduced by fifty percent relative to its current values. The dependence of oncological morbidity in the region on the radiation infection of the territory is shown cartographically. Infection with cesium does not significantly affect the irradiation dose. It is necessary to monitor the state of radioactive potassium, and one-time measures should be taken to decontaminate the territory from thorium and uranium. The cost method justifies the cost of such measures per hectare of land.
Research of dynamics of development of acreage in the Northern regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Minina E S , Minin I L
Published: December 2020

The development of the indicator of sown areas is significant in modern conditions of agricultural development, especially in those regions that have poor climatic conditions. The use and expansion of sown areas, which is one of the factors of food security not only in the region, but also in the country as a whole, is considered for the sustainable development of territories with a predominance of cold climate. The sown area, being the main production fund of the agrarian economy, contributes to the development of the entire agro-industrial complex of the country, providing crop products not only for the food industry, but also livestock, creating additional opportunities for agricultural production in the region. The article identifies trends, which is an important step for predicting the development of the agricultural sector and food security of the country. The use of trend analysis is an important tool for determining changes in crop development trends. The indicators of the Republics of Karelia and Komi, the Nenets Autonomous District, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions are investigated. The sown areas of regions of different sizes were studied not only by absolute growth indicators, but also relative and average indicators were calculated to improve coverage of the state of the areas not only in the previous study period from 1990 to 2019, but also in the medium-term development perspective for 2020-2025. Polynomial and exponential development models were used for the study, which indicates the non-linearity of the change in the fundamental means of agricultural development, which indicates a significant non-uniformity of the indicator.
Choosing the benchmark technology for cleaning poultry house emissions from malodorous substances
Authors: Nazarova A V , Sergienko O I , Molodkina N R , Efremova V Ye
Published: December 2020

The article considers the problem of unpleasant odor from poultry factories. It is proposed to use a system for standardizing the permissible impact of malodorous substances on the environment based on the best available technologies. The article assesses technologies in regards to their possible use at poultry houses. The appropriateness of using the selected benchmark technology to reduce the smell of poultry houses is confirmed; the environmental and economic effectiveness of such technology is taken into account.
Amino acid analysis of a semi-finished meat-containing product for gerodietic nutrition
Authors: Nesterenko A A , Savinov I V , Anichkina O A , Bobkova E Yu , Karpenko L Yu
Published: December 2020

In the gerodietic nutrition production technology there are a lot of questions that today remain unanswered. The development of recipe compositions that are fully balanced in terms of amino acids, macro- and microelements and vitamins based solely on the internal reserves of raw materials is a difficult task. As a result of our research we suggest the cutlet recipe with vitamins for gerodietic nutrition. The recipe composition includes chickpea flour, vegetables and amino acid additives - Amur grape seed flour. The proposed product meets the established requirements for gerodietic products.
Nitrogen balance in energy-carbohydrate-fed cows
Authors: Nigmatyanov A A , Pleshkov A V , Fedoseeva N A , Konovalova O A , Pristach N V , Kosilov V I
Published: December 2020

Enriching the diet of cows with nutrients and energy is an urgent task facing livestock specialists. In this regard, we propose to use a new type of feed in the diet of cows. For this purpose, using the software package, a ration balance was made for cows of black and motley breed. The differences were that different doses of the new “Tanrem” energy-carbohydrate feed were administered to the cows of the experimental groups. When analyzing the structure of the diet, it was found that in the pasture period a significant proportion falls on succulent feed, and in the stall - on rough and concentrated. It should be noted that both in the grazing and stalling periods, cows show a decrease in the proportion of succulent feeds with the introduction of the studied additive. Calculation of nitrogen balance showed that in all animals participating in the experiment, it was positive. In this case, nitrogen was best used from the accepted and from the digested cow of the three experimental groups, worst of all - control animals. The maximum effect was shown by the supplement at a dose of 700 g per day per animal. Further research will focus on the study of milk productivity and the quality of dairy products of cows.
Improving the energy efficiency of using solar panels
Authors: Nikitenko G V , Konoplev E V , Salpagarov V K , Danchenko I V , Masyutina G V
Published: December 2020

The article describes a method for increasing the efficiency of using solar panels when using a two-axis system for tracking the sun. A mathematical model of solar panel operation has been developed for the following applications: stationary installation of solar panels and the use of a two-axis solar tracker. The solar tracker has the ability to rotate the solar panel by the azimuth angle from 0 to 170 degrees, by the Zenith angle from 0 to 90 degrees. The paper presents a method for calculating power generation by solar panels using a solar tracker and a variant of stationary installation of solar panels. Plots of the PV panel as a function of time at stationary position of the solar panels and using a solar tracker. As a result of mathematical modeling, when using a solar tracker, compared with a stationary installation of a solar panel, electricity generation increases by 89.9% on the example of June 22, and by the example of December 22, the increase in electricity generation is 19.6 %. Using a solar tracker during the year increases the efficiency of electricity generation by solar panels by an average of 45-55%. Data on azimuth angles of sunrise and sunset, as well as the Zenith angle depending on the time of day for the 22nd day of each month are given in the table below. The results obtained are presented for coordinates: 45 degrees 3 minutes North latitude 41 degrees 59 minutes East longitude, which corresponds to the locality of the city of Stavropol in the Russian Federation.
Use of clarifying agents in technological process of kvass production
Authors: Osipova M V
Published: December 2020

In our country, the production of soft beverages is a popular direction of food industry. Fermented kvass, fruit and berry drink, lemonade, carbonated drinking and mineral water, and others are referred to non-alcoholic drinks. Currently, consumers increasingly prefer natural drinks consisting of traditional ingredients. One of the traditional drinks since ancient times revered in Russia, is bread kvas of natural fermentation. In the production of fermented drinks, modern technologies, the newest equipment, automated manufacturing processes are used, which allow intensifying technological plots for fermented kvass production using new methods. This allows optimizing stages of technological process and the entire production. The use of new methods for optimizing production processes allows reducing costs of production by reducing the time component of the technological process of kvass production.
Extraction of pectins from citrus fruits, their qualitative and quantitative analysis for application in the medical and food industries
Authors: Ostrozhenkova E G
Published: December 2020

The paper provides scientific substantiation and experimental confirmation of feasibility, prospects, and simplicity of production of high-quality purified pectin through preliminary multistage extraction of pectin-containing plant raw material, its acid hydrolysis and subsequent precipitation of pectin in the form of calcium salt. One of the most important physical and chemical properties of pectin substances is their ability to sorb and remove toxic substances from the body. These properties make pectin valuable for preventive nutrition, and as a biologically active food supplement.
Development of dairy beverage with functional properties on the basis of the whey with cereal culture
Authors: Pak V I , Suchkova E P
Published: December 2020

Many studies in the field of food hygiene have shown the lack of functional products in the diet, in particularly, poor dietary fibre intake is one of the factors contributing to the disease of civilization. The aim of the research is development a dairy beverage composition using a cereal culture. Starter culture has been selected and the impact of yeast and starter cultures on beverage properties has been experimentally investigated. The article discusses the use of wheat and barley grains. Beverage quality properties have been shown depending on quantity and method application of starter culture and grain adjunct quantity. The methods of research were carried out according to standard methods in the ITMO University laboratories. Results of research were production of dairy beverage with high biological value and dessert composition on the whey has been developed. It has become feasible while using germinated barley flour, a large mass fraction of dry substances is transferred to the beverage and amounts to 11.47%. While preparing adjunct additionally roasting process of cereal component was included for organoleptic properties improvement. Physical and chemical characteristics of the beverage are determined, biological value calculation is presented, which shows completeness of the protein component of the beverage. The beverage is enriched with a cereal component, because quarter the dietary fibres requirement is ensured, if the product is intaken in an amount of 250 grams.
Improving the performance of flax ribbon tedders
Authors: Pavlov S B
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the technology of harvesting fiber flax and the role of flax tedding in this process. Despite its advantages, the existing flax tedders perform the technological process insufficiently, which ultimately leads to a lower yield of long fiber when processing the retted straw at the flax mill. We analyze the performance of flax ribbons tedders and suggest a new construction increasing the intensification and quality of flax tedding.
The introduction of lean production principles at OJSC “Velikonovgorodsky Myasnoy Dvor”
Authors: Petrova A S , Petrov D S
Published: December 2020

The concept of “Lean Production” is one of the most promising directions for the development of modern processing industries. In addition to the development of equipment and technologies, in terms of ensuring the quality and competitiveness of enterprises, we must not forget about the main factor for encouraging development and stable work – human resources. It is the competent management work with specialists that promotes the optimization of technological processes, reduces production costs, and promptly solves emerging problem situations with the development and implementation of a corrective action plan. The article considers the introduction of the lean system at one of the largest processing enterprises in the North-Western region of Russia – OJSC “Velikonogorodsky Myasnoy Dvor”, Veliky Novgorod. The company started implementing this concept only recently – in 2019 and has not yet managed to get significant financial results. At the moment, the company’s specialists are at the initial stages of the lean production system implementation - the types of losses that occur at the enterprise have already been identified, and measures to eliminate these losses have been worked out. During the new system’s implementation period, it was found that the proposals for a technical improvement received by the management from ordinary employees of the enterprise are difficult to implement in the production process, as this complex task requires quite a lot of time. Only 18% of all proposals for a technical improvement were put into production throughout the concept implementation period. However, even such a small number of implemented ideas brought the company significant economic profit, which makes it possible to call the lean system introduction at processing enterprises a promising task.
Obtaining chitosan polysaccharide from various natural raw materials and studying its metal-binding ability
Authors: Petukhova E A
Published: December 2020

The article considers the structure and properties of chitosan obtained from natural sources of plant and animal origin. The ability of chitosan to complex formation with copper ions is studied. The isotherm of ion sorption is given, and the quantitative values of the complexation process are calculated according to the classical theory and the theory of RCC.
The influence of chemical factors on the metal-binding capacity of non-starch polysaccharides
Authors: Petukhova E A
Published: December 2020

The article considers not only the possibility of non-starch polysaccharides to bind heavy metal ions, but the factors affecting this ability are determined. The ability of some non-starch polysaccharides to form complexes with heavy metal ions significantly depends on the structure, structure and external chemical factors. Considered polysaccharides are: pectin, chitosan and sodium alginate. Considered factors: temperature and pH.
Assessment of the place and role of agro-industrial complex exports in the region’s economy
Authors: Pritula O D , Semkiv L P
Published: December 2020

The development of the export potential and the formation of the export policy of the region are an important process, including domestic and foreign policy components. Improving the export activity of the subject is complicated by the presence of crisis phenomena, both in the economy and in the social sphere, similar processes are observed in the agricultural sector at the present stage. In this study, the authors paid considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic, namely, they justified the importance of export operations as a strategic resource for the development of the territory, characterized the totality of factors determining the export potential of the territory, and updated the need for an analytical study of the composition, structure and dynamics of exports in modern conditions. The basis of the analytical study was the volume of agricultural exports of Novgorod region and its changes under the influence of the existing regional policy. Particular attention was paid to determining the place of the agricultural export policy at the federal and regional levels, its goals, objectives, activities and emerging risks in the implementation process, through analysis of the national project “International Cooperation and Export”, as well as federal and regional projects developed as part of national project. The study of the stated problems was also focused on the aspect related to assessing the degree of influence of export activity in the regional agro-industrial complex (AIC) on the economic and social indicators of the development of the territory, the proof of which was the confirmation of the relationship with the use of parametric methods.
Determination of the parameters of viscous fluid flowing in an annular gap during continuous hydrostatic extrusion
Authors: Prokhasko L S , Prokhasko Y G , Zalilov R V , Khaibrakhmanov R R , Vlasova V N , Kuchinskaya E V
Published: December 2020

The study of deformation of solids by high-pressure liquid (hydrostatic extrusion) is not only an interesting research problem, but an applied one. Hydrostatic extrusion method is currently widely used in various sectors of industry – from mechanical engineering to the food industry. This field of research seems relevant and promising. The paper presents the calculation results for some parameters of continuous hydrostatic extrusion of materials, shows graphs of the dependence of the axial stress in the billet on the total pressure drop along the length and graphs of the dependence of the total pressure drop along the length on the working fluid flow rate in the annular gap. The calculations were performed for the adiabatic fluid flow and for the flow with partial heat transfer. Analysis of the calculation results showed that for fixed flow rates of the working fluid and specified heat transfer conditions, maximum axial stresses can be obtained by optimal values taken for the ratios of the working chamber and the billet diameters.
Effectiveness of using enriched feed supplements in the floor growing of broiler chickens
Authors: Pchelina E A , Sevostyanova N N , Vinogradova O N , Vinnik L I , Danilovskikh M G
Published: December 2020

The article describes the experiment allowing to assess the expedience of using the anti-stress feed supplement Super Pre-starter in floor growing of chickens in the first week of life. The analysis of complete feeds and their comparison with the feed supplement was performed. Throughout the growing period, live weight gain was recorded; after slaughter, an analysis of anatomical indices and meat indices was carried out. The work carried out allows to conclude that the feed supplement does not lead to an increase in economic characteristics, and therefore does not have the desired economic effect.
Modeling the recipe composition of food products and recommendations for their use in individual nutrition
Authors: Sadovoy V V , Voblikova T V , Permyakov A V , Shchedrina T V , Morgunova A V , Stolyarova V V
Published: December 2020

To determine the body type of an individual according to the input parameters (age, gender, height and weight), a model is developed based on the statistical module classification trees. Based on the analysis of body type, labor intensity, gender, weight and nutritional structure for various categories of citizens, a neural network design of an algorithm for calculating the daily intake of protein, fat, dietary fiber and energy is carried out. The obtained data can serve as the basis for drawing up an individual nutritional diet. Taking into account the amino acid composition, organoleptic and economic indicators, a database is developed that allows to determine the optimal recipe of a meat product for individual nutrition. A structural-parametric model consisting of three stages (establishing the body type; determination of calorie content and requirements for protein and fat of animal origin; calculation of the energy value of the daily diet) is created in the Data Mining module to desing a products composition for individual nutrition.
Results of the study of long-term dynamics of microbiological and agro-chemical indexes of the fertility of the meadow-sod soils with the use of fertilization systems of different intensity (Sakhalin Island)
Authors: Samutenko L V , Slavkina V P , Fedorova L V
Published: December 2020

A decrease of the level of basic elements of plant nutrition in soils regardless of the use of different fertilizer systems was established after the 30-year monitoring. The soil acidity had quite noticeable changes. Conservation of soil acidity indicators at the level of slightly acidic and close to neutral for 5 years was ensured by a calcium-organic complex. The fertilizer system of 200 t per ha of PMC (action and long-term aftereffect) + 2NPК contributed to the increase in the number of pedotrophic microflora in the soil, indicating an increase in the number of labile forms of organic matter involved in the synthesis of humus. The most favourable microbiological regime with balanced processes of nitrogen and humus transformation was formed when lime was combined with organic and mineral fertilizer systems (Ca + 20 or 40 t / ha of manure + 2NPK).
Integration of research approaches to the organization of management pool training for the agricultural sector of the region
Authors: Semkiv L P , Kozina A M
Published: December 2020

At the present stage of development of agricultural production, the problem of providing managerial personnel exists in almost every region. Moreover, only an insignificant part of agricultural enterprises begins to accumulate experience in mutually beneficial cooperation with institutions of the professional training and retraining system. The authors paid considerable attention to the theoretical component of the topic in this study, namely, they justified the importance of agricultural personnel as a strategic resource for the development of the territory, gave a description of the totality of factors that determine the personnel potential, updated the need for an analytical study of the composition, structure and dynamics of the training of managerial personnel in modern conditions. The analytical study was based on the results of the preparation of a reserve of managerial personnel for the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod region and its changes under the influence of the existing regional policy. Particular attention was paid to the study of the directions of the development of the personnel policy of the agro-industrial complex at the regional level, its goals, objectives, and measures by analyzing the implementation of the Law “On state support for the personnel potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod Region for 2008-2020”. The authors conclude that it is advisable to develop partnerships between agricultural educational institutions and leading enterprises of the agricultural sector based on the analysis of annual reports on the staffing of the agro-industrial complex in the Novgorod region, a survey of employers on satisfaction with the level of training of specialists and areas of partnership development. The relevance of research conducted in this direction is confirmed by the fact that the integration of research approaches (professionally-competent, adaptive-innovative and practice-oriented) in the organization of training the pool of managerial personnel for agricultural production, the use of modern technologies based on innovation in managerial fields of knowledge, increases the demand for young specialists and significantly improves the situation with staffing in the industry. The result of the joint work of agricultural educational institutions and employers has a positive impact on staff training and ensures the production of new generation managers, increases the level of training of specialists who are able to solve the strategic tasks of sustainable development of the industry.