bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Hipster Capitalism’ in the Age of Austerity? Polanyi Meets Bourdieu’s New Petite Bourgeoisie
Authors: Scott Michael
Published: January 2017

This article dialogues Polanyi and Bourdieu to propose a new research agenda within the sociology of cultural production. Extending recent literature on hipsters, this iconic figure is shifted from the world of consumption to the world of production via Bourdieu’s conceptualisation of the new petite bourgeoisie. Using secondary empirical material of cultural micro-enterprises, two ideal-typical career strategies are sketched: cultural-capital oriented seeking to secure positions within established creative industries, and economic-capital orientated stylising ‘old’ petite bourgeoisie occupations to access economic returns. However, within the context of ongoing austerity policies, Bourdieu’s economic capital does not fully account for the variegated forms of material resources these nascent enterprises draw on. Bringing Polanyi’s modes of economic integration – reciprocity, redistribution and exchange – to Bourdieu opens new questions on how hipster capitalism is the practice of intermediating between these ‘backstage’ material modes and the ‘frontstage’ selling of style.
Surgical site infection after hand surgery outside the operating theatre: a systematic review
Authors: Jagodzinski N. A. , Ibish S. , Furniss D.
Published: January 2017

We carried out a systematic review to determine the incidence of infection for hand surgery done in settings other than the operating theatre. Databases were searched and a PRISMA chart created by three independent reviewers. From 1200 studies identified, 46 full text articles were reviewed and six were included (two Level 3 studies and four Level 4). In three studies there were no infections after surgery in an office, procedure room or emergency department. Two studies with a combined number of 1962 procedures reviewed carpal tunnel decompressions and reported identical infection rates of 0.4%. Although the current evidence is of poor quality, it suggests that some types of hand surgery may be done outside the operating theatre without increasing the risk of infection.

Level of evidence: IV
Intra-articular comminution worsens outcomes of distal radial fractures treated by open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation
Authors: Yoon J. O. , You S. L. , Kim J. K.
Published: January 2017

We studied 50 patients with AO type C2 distal radial fractures and 35 with AO type C3 distal radial fractures treated by open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation. At 3-month clinical assessments, mean wrist flexion arcs, grip strengths and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores were significantly better for AO type C2 fractures. At 2-year post-operative clinical assessments, mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores were significantly better for AO type C2 fractures than for AO type C3 fractures. At 2-year radiographic examinations, anterior angulations, ulnar variances and arthritis grades were also significantly better for AO type C2 fractures. This study showed that AO type C3 distal radial fractures, which have intra-articular comminution, had poorer clinical and radiographic outcomes than AO type C2 fractures, despite open reduction and palmar locking plate fixation.

Level of evidence: IV
Diagnostic modalities for distal radioulnar joint
Authors: Jens S. , Luijkx T. , Smithuis F. F. , Maas M.
Published: January 2017

The first imaging modality in patients suspected of distal radioulnar joint pathology should be conventional radiography to exclude or diagnose wrist pathology including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, (healed) fractures, or impaction syndromes. When conventional radiography is inconclusive, high resolution 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging is advised. We provide a broad overview of the literature regarding the use of intra-articular contrast both with computed tomography (CTA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRA). Conventional arthrography and unenhanced computed tomography are not indicated. This article discusses the most useful imaging techniques in terms of clinical indications, patient positioning, technical imaging requirements, and diagnostic performance in patients with suspected distal radioulnar joint pathology. Furthermore, the most prevalent pathologies are discussed, with the focus on imaging characteristics in both stable and unstable distal radioulnar joints.
Data Quality Maintenance of the Patient Master Index (PMI): A ‘Snap-Shot’ of Public Healthcare Facility PMI Data Quality and Linkage Activities
Authors: Williams Kelly , Robinson Kerin , Toth Alexandra
Published: January 2017

Patient (or person) master index (PMI) data quality activities in public, acute healthcare facilities in the state of Victoria, Australia were evaluated in terms of health information management-information technology best practice including data standards and practice guidelines. The findings indicate that, whilst data quality and linkage activities are undertaken, many are limited in scope or effectiveness. In view of published evidence that: (i) duplicate patient files pose significant risks by reducing information available for clinical decision-making; and (ii) quality and clinical risk management require, as a measurable outcome, continuous monitoring of duplicate files, improvements to PMI data quality practices are recommended.
Principles of Health Information Systems in Developing Countries
Authors: Krickeberg Klaus
Published: January 2017

The setting of this article is an all-embracing Health Information System (HIS)* of the type that exists mainly in developing and transition countries. It was inspired by work in Vietnam and other places. The article discusses the basic principles on which a well-functioning HIS needs to rest regardless of the technical means employed (paper, electronic devices). Eleven principles for designing or reforming a HIS are identified, including: explicit description of the underlying units (target population) and variables; no list of indicators to be fixed in advance; only one register per target population; technical coordination between registers and reports; correction algorithms; local use of data and indicators; autonomy of health institutions regarding the information that concerns them; and novel use of registers for various studies. Apart from their technical role, these principles give shape to the philosophy that underlies this article, and make clear that a HIS is not only a tool for collecting indicators; it is intimately tied to clinical and preventive practice, as well as to health management and health economy. In fact, it permeates the entire health system. It can potentially play a much more extended, varied, and useful role than simply that of providing health services to a community.
Evaluation Standards for Clinical Coder Training Programs
Authors: Bramley Michele , Reid Beth
Published: January 2017

This paper reports on an evaluation of clinical coder training programs, recently carried out in Ireland. In building an evaluation framework, the literature was reviewed to identify best practice standards, current practice, and professional opinion against which a sound judgment could be made. The literature was variable but nevertheless useful for the identification of evaluation standards. These standards are reproduced here in order to add to the literature. We also discuss the areas that would benefit from further research, thus contributing to the discourse on best practice in evaluating clinical coder training programs.
Electronic Discharge Summaries: The Current State of Play
Authors: Craig Janelle , Callen Joanne , Marks Anne , Saddik Basema , Bramley Michelle
Published: January 2017

The exchange of health information between acute care providers (e.g. hospitals) and primary care providers (e.g. general practitioners) has traditionally been via hard copy discharge summaries. In recent years the advent of sophisticated information and communication technology has fuelled developments in electronic discharge referral systems (eDRS), which are credited with enabling more timely and accurate information exchange, enhancing patient care, and ultimately improving patient outcomes. The aim of this paper is to highlight key issues regarding the development and implementation of electronic discharge referral systems. A detailed literature review of information related to electronic discharge summaries was undertaken for publications between 1992 and 2006. While eDRS appear to be beneficial, further improvements are needed before systems are dependable. Through prospective enhancements and increased availability of eDRS internationally, electronic discharge referral systems have the potential to facilitate effective communication exchange across the primary-secondary care interface.
Challenging the Current Organization of Schools
Authors: Cambron-McCabe Nelda
Published: January 2017

If the world is not a machine, then our assumptions cannot work. But then, where are we? (Wheatley, 1999, p. 28)
Leader Development Across Cultures
Authors: Walker Allan David
Published: January 2017

Imagine you are in a training room and the distinguished professor standing in the front, flown in especially from the United States, tells you unequivocally that schools can only improve when leaders distribute power more equitably among teachers, encourage open debate, and reward individual risk-taking. Now imagine you are leading a school in a place where teachers expect the principal to make the decisions, where it is unacceptable to openly disagree with others, especially the ‘boss’, and where the success of the organization easily trumps that of the individual.
Confronting issues of gender and ethnicity: Women's experiences as aspiring urban principals
Authors: Sperandio Jill , LaPier Alice
Published: January 2017

This article examines, from a female perspective, the complexities of gender and ethnicity embedded in successful urban school leadership. The authors use qualitative data, collected from female participants in two cohorts of aspiring urban principals in a yearlong experimental leadership preparation program, to discuss issues that arise during the coursework mentoring and school internship components of the program. Recommendations for future programs, drawn from the study, include selecting program participants based on their commitment to social justice, utilizing opportunities to confront gender and ethnic leadership stereotyping, providing the training to conduct school dialogues on social justice issues, and exposing aspiring principals to ethnically diverse urban school environments.
A Self-Study on Preparing Future School Leaders
Authors: Frick William C. , Riley Ann T.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a self-study project that goes beyond the surface of praxis to examine the internal academic teaching process of a PK-12 school leader educator. The study systematically relates one professor's intrapersonal struggle and professional challenge in addressing his lived contradiction of teaching aspiring school leaders. Results address salient questions that teachers of leaders must pose for themselves about their work—particularly pertaining to the scholarship of teaching and learning. Self-study, a disciplined professional development practice, lends important insights as a research genre into school leadership preparation.
It Takes More Than a Village: Inviting Partners and Complexity in Educational Leadership Preparation Reform
Authors: Brooks Jeffrey S. , Havard Tim , Tatum Karen , Patrick Lynn
Published: January 2017

Heeding the advice of Young, Petersen, and Short (2002), the Educational Leadership Program at Auburn University included a variety of stakeholders in the reform of its preparation program. Collaborative partnerships were formed with school districts, local and state educational agencies, and with a variety of other educational stakeholders. This paper discusses how various stakeholders were involved in the redesign process. Insights gained from this process may be instructive to other programs as they consider involving multiple stakeholders while facilitating change in their own programs.
Providing Authentic Leadership Opportunities through Collaboratively Developed Internships: A University-School District Partnership Initiative
Authors: Havard Timothy S. , Morgan Joyce , Patrick Lynne
Published: January 2017

Programs designed to develop future educational leaders must include practical learning experiences that connect the theoretical content of university coursework with the realities of the K-12 workplace. Internships, which offer a common method of providing these experiences, have been generally lacking in the degree to which aspiring leaders actually ever have a chance to lead. Wilmore (2002) suggests that internships should provide aspiring administrators the opportunities to do the things that real live administrators do each day. If leaders in real schools actually lead, then internships must provide opportunities for their participants to go beyond traditional observational roles and allow for real leadership experiences.

Just as other professions prepare their aspiring professionals to actually do the job they are being prepared to do through intensive, authentic residencies and internships, educational leadership programs must similarly provide candidates those same opportunities. Auburn University, through extensive collaboration with its K-12 partner districts, has designed an internship model that will integrate all learning into a set of practical activities that will allow students the opportunity to practice, through real life leadership, those skills they have developed in their academic studies.
Designing and Using Program Evaluation as a Tool for Reform
Authors: Ross Margaret E.
Published: January 2017

The Auburn University Educational Leadership Team and its K-12 practitioner and community partners collaboratively developed a comprehensive, on-going evaluation plan to assess a newly implemented field-based graduate program. The purpose of the present manuscript was to describe the evaluation guidelines and plans. The leadership team and partners designed the assessment and evaluation plan to incorporate and integrate components from a variety of evaluation approaches to address various program, stakeholder, and governing body data needs. By drawing on a variety of evaluation approaches the team and partners generated an array of data or sources of knowledge to better inform decisions about program implementation processes and outcome effectiveness and, thereby, enhance the team's ability to reform and reshape the program to meet on-going and changing stakeholder and participant needs.
Creating a New System for Principal Preparation: Reflections on Efforts to Transcend Tradition and Create New Cultures
Authors: Reed Cynthia J. , Kensler Lisa A.W.
Published: January 2017

When selected as a pilot redesign site, we decided to both refocus the underlying assumptions guiding our program and to engage in processes allowing us to model best practices while creating a new program. This article summarizes key aspects of our redesign work and offers reflections on the processes used and challenges faced. Murphy's (2006) guiding principles for “fostering the reculturing of preparation programs” serves as our point of reference for conducting this programmatic critique, examining where we were, where we are now, and where we are headed.
“It's not just going to collect dust on a shelf:” Faculty Perceptions of the Applied Dissertation in the New California State University (CSU) Ed.D. Programs Leadership Education from within a Feminist Ethos
Authors: Auerbach Susan
Published: January 2017

The launch of independent Ed.D. programs in 2007 at campuses of the California State University (CSU) is significant for its large program size and timing amidst national debate on Ed.D. programs. These applied programs for practitioners require a traditional dissertation based on rigorous research that address problems of practice. This qualitative case study explores how CSU doctoral faculty and program directors conceptualize the purpose and nature of the applied dissertation and the professional and institutional factors that shape their views. It is important to document program norms at this critical early stage to guide improvements at these and other new Ed.D. programs and to contribute to the ongoing debate. Interviews and document review revealed mixed evidence, with some programs stressing scholarly rigor similar to a Ph.D. and others advocating a more relevant, practitioner-oriented approach, such as esummaries of dissertations geared toward educators at the research site. Participants agreed, “We are still feeling our way” regarding dissertation expectations, and greater collegial deliberation is needed. State legislation, accreditation requirements, faculty's own doctoral experience, and other factors tend to reinforce the status quo and inhibit the development of applied approaches. Implications for practice include facilitation of faculty dialogue and consensus-building around visions of the applied dissertation within and across Ed.D. programs.
Numerical Analysis of Partial Slip Contact under a Tangential Force and a Twisting Moment
Authors: Wang Z-J , Meng F-M , Xiao K , Wang J-X , Wang W-Z
Published: January 2017

A three-dimensional elastic contact problem has been investigated in this article with the emphasis on analysis of the partial slip phenomenon which occurs at certain areas in nominal contact zone when the local shear tractions exceed the limit specified by the friction. The investigation has been made for the contacts between similar or dissimilar materials and under general conditions in which the applied loads consist of a normal load, a tangential force, and a torque normal to the contact plane. The partial slip contact problem is solved through a numerical procedure based on a semi-analytical method. The conjugate gradient method and the fast Fourier transform technique are employed to speed up the computation. The contact pressures, surface shear tractions, stick ratios, tangential body displacements, and rotational angles are analysed under different loads and for similar or dissimilar contact materials. The coupling effects among the normal load, the tangential force, and the twisting moment are studied. Results show that for the contact of dissimilar materials and under a pure torque, the surface shear tractions q x and q y will produce normal deformations until the gross slip occurs. The combined actions of tangential force and twisting moment are prone to cause gross slip in comparison with those under tangential force or twisting moment alone. Moreover, the increasing twisting moment will cause the shrinking of the stick zone, but it evolves in different ways for the contacts of similar or dissimilar materials.
Adhesive Wear of Thermoplastic Composite Based on Kenaf Fibres
Authors: Narish S , Yousif B F , Rilling D
Published: January 2017

In this work, adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of thermoplastic treated kenaf fibre-reinforced polyurethane (T-KFRP) is investigated. The T-KFRP composite was tested against stainless-steel counterface using a block-on-disc apparatus. The effects of applied loads and sliding distance on the wear and frictional performance of the composite were studied. In addition to that, the fibre orientation, parallel orientation (P-O), anti-parallel orientation (AP-O), and normal orientation (N-O) with respect to the sliding direction on the composite performance were considered. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the damage features on the worn surface of the composite. Adhesive wear results revealed that T-KFRP (in AP-O) has a high degree of wear resistance compared to neat polyurethane (N-PU). SEM observations showed different wear mechanisms such as fibre detachment, pitting, delaminating, and micro-cracks.
Auditory Stimulus Detection Partially Depends on Visuospatial Attentional Resources
Authors: Wahn Basil , Murali Supriya , Sinnett Scott , König Peter
Published: January 2017

Humans’ ability to detect relevant sensory information while being engaged in a demanding task is crucial in daily life. Yet, limited attentional resources restrict information processing. To date, it is still debated whether there are distinct pools of attentional resources for each sensory modality and to what extent the process of multisensory integration is dependent on attentional resources. We addressed these two questions using a dual task paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a multiple object tracking task and a detection task either separately or simultaneously. In the detection task, participants were required to detect visual, auditory, or audiovisual stimuli at varying stimulus intensities that were adjusted using a staircase procedure. We found that tasks significantly interfered. However, the interference was about 50% lower when tasks were performed in separate sensory modalities than in the same sensory modality, suggesting that attentional resources are partly shared. Moreover, we found that perceptual sensitivities were significantly improved for audiovisual stimuli relative to unisensory stimuli regardless of whether attentional resources were diverted to the multiple object tracking task or not. Overall, the present study supports the view that attentional resource allocation in multisensory processing is task-dependent and suggests that multisensory benefits are not dependent on attentional resources.
The ‘who’ and ‘what’ of #diabetes on Twitter
Authors: Beguerisse-Díaz Mariano , McLennan Amy K. , Garduño-Hernández Guillermo , Barahona Mauricio , Ulijaszek Stanley J.
Published: January 2017

Social media are being increasingly used for health promotion, yet the landscape of users, messages and interactions in such fora is poorly understood. Studies of social media and diabetes have focused mostly on patients, or public agencies addressing it, but have not looked broadly at all of the participants or the diversity of content they contribute. We study Twitter conversations about diabetes through the systematic analysis of 2.5 million tweets collected over 8 months and the interactions between their authors. We address three questions. (1) What themes arise in these tweets? (2) Who are the most influential users? (3) Which type of users contribute to which themes? We answer these questions using a mixed-methods approach, integrating techniques from anthropology, network science and information retrieval such as thematic coding, temporal network analysis and community and topic detection. Diabetes-related tweets fall within broad thematic groups: health information, news, social interaction and commercial. At the same time, humorous messages and references to popular culture appear consistently, more than any other type of tweet. We classify authors according to their temporal ‘hub’ and ‘authority’ scores. Whereas the hub landscape is diffuse and fluid over time, top authorities are highly persistent across time and comprise bloggers, advocacy groups and NGOs related to diabetes, as well as for-profit entities without specific diabetes expertise. Top authorities fall into seven interest communities as derived from their Twitter follower network. Our findings have implications for public health professionals and policy makers who seek to use social media as an engagement tool and to inform policy design.
Coping with China’s rise
Authors: Moon Chung-In , Boo Seung-chan
Published: January 2017

The new emerging hegemonic rivalry between China and the US has placed South Korea in serious adjustment dilemma. Being sandwiched between the two giants, Seoul has been trying to muddle through their conflicting interests. This article aims to explore how China’s rise and rivalry with the US have influenced Seoul’s domestic politics and resulted in policy choices, through the examination of three cases: THAAD (the Terminal High Altitude Air Defense System), the AIIB (Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank), and the South China Sea. Our findings show that South Korea’s adjustment behavior has varied across issue areas. On the issue of security, the Seoul government has taken a pro-American balancing strategy by allowing the deployment of the US THAAD, whereas it has chosen a reluctant pro-China bandwagoning position by joining the AIIB. And it has taken a rather neutral position on the South China Sea dispute. Such variations can be explained by the changing interests and underlying domestic politics and leadership choices in South Korea.
Intramural Coronary Artery in Truncus Arteriosus: Importance of Preoperative Echocardiographic Diagnosis and Impact on Surgical Planning
Authors: Mir Arshid , Burkhart Harold M. , Ponniah Kumar , Ward Kent
Published: January 2017

Coronary artery anomalies are known to be associated with truncus arteriosus (common arterial trunk). Delineation of coronary anatomy preoperatively is important to avoid complications intraoperatively and postoperatively. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with repaired truncus arteriosus who presented with moderate to severe truncal valve regurgitation and severe conduit stenosis. He was noted to have intramural left main coronary artery on a transesophageal echocardiogram performed preoperatively.
The Use of Indigenous Cultural Practices by the Ashantis for the Conservation of Forests in Ghana
Authors: Asante Eric Appau , Ababio Stephen , Boadu Kwadwo Boakye
Published: January 2017

Indigenous cultural practices play a significant role in the conservation of forests. Most of the forests within traditional communities in the Ashanti region of Ghana were preserved centuries ago through traditional beliefs and practices. Yet, less attention has been given to them in modern forest management. In most communities, these traditional practices are gradually “dying out.” This work identified cultural practices that have been used to successfully conserve forests by four communities purposively selected from the Ashanti region of Ghana (i.e., Semanhyiakrom, Akegyesu, Kubease, and Jachie), their benefits, and the perceived reasons for their neglect in the management of public forests. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured interviews using stratified random sampling technique to select respondents. The study found that beliefs, taboos, myths, proverbs, and songs were vital traditional systems used by the Ashantis to effectively conserve their forests. The Ashantis believe that the neglect of cultural practices in the management of public forests has resulted in increasing rate of deforestation, destruction of water bodies, and disasters inflicted by the gods such as prolonged drought and loss of soil fertility. To avoid forest degradation, it is important for forest managers, decision makers, and governments to recognize various cultural practices and traditional beliefs as very useful tools and integrate them into current national and international forestry plans and programs.
Unified Korea’s policy under various scenarios of the US-Sino relationship
Authors: Han Dong-ho , Jung Sung Chul , Lee Ji Yong , Park Jae Jeok
Published: January 2017

What kind of policy goals and orientation would a unified Korea adopt? A concerned US asks, would it become a China-friendly state? Or, would it be an anchor for the American–Asian alliance network at the expense of China’s security interests? To address these questions, this article begins by identifying six possible scenarios for the US-Sino relationship at the time of a unification that result from the combination of (1) the relative power capabilities between the US and China and (2) whether the US and China cooperate or conflict with each other. After describing the six scenarios, this article examines what policies the US and China would pursue toward the Korean peninsula in each scenario. Also, it contemplates how a unified Korea should respond to policies of the US and China in each scenario.
A Review of Scientific Research on Spirituality
Authors: Ratnakar Rajesh , Nair Shreekumar
Published: January 2017

Spirituality has, perhaps, been one of the most misused and misconstrued of concepts and over the years, it has acquired diverse and somewhat conflicting meanings. In the recent past, there has been a growing interest in spirituality among academicians as well as practitioners of management and organisational behaviour. In fact, attempts are still continuing to clearly define spirituality by de-linking it from religion and also identify the quintessential facets, indicators or dimensions of spirituality. This paper presents a review of the work done in the area of spirituality in the last three decades, with the specific purpose of highlighting some of the uncertainties which still remain. The research studies examined here have been divided into seven sections and each section concludes by highlighting the most prominent gaps in that area. The purpose is to enable future researchers to bridge these gaps, in an effort to make the ongoing scientific exploration of spirituality both comprehensive and complete.
Consumers' Responses to Sales Promotions of Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Binod
Published: January 2017

This research study examined consumers' perceptions of products they purchased under sales promotion offers, and their effects on repurchase intentions of the same products after the end of the offers. The research began with an exploratory study of marketers' observations of the effectiveness of consumer sales promotion programs, and consumers' opinions regarding the products. The findings of this exploratory research were used to develop hypotheses and survey instrument. A consumer survey was carried out to empirically test the effectiveness of sales promotion offers on three perceptual dimensions viz. quality, price and fun; and the impact of these perceptions on repurchase intentions. The research revealed that consumers perceived that they receive quality and price benefits but not hedonic benefits from the products purchased under product and prize based sales promotion offers. The sales promotion offers neither encouraged repurchase intentions nor substantial short term brand switching. Offering a gift attached to the product appeared to reward loyal consumers only. These findings have implications for marketers' decisions to offer consumer sales promotions.
Factors Determining Customer Adaptation to Internet Banking in the Context of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahangir Nadim , Parvez Noorjahan
Published: January 2017

This research intends to propose a conceptual framework that will investigate the impacts of internet banking needs, compatibility, convenience, and communication on customer adaptation to Internet Banking in the context of private commercial banks of Bangladesh. To test the framework, correlation and regression techniques have been applied to data collected from 187 customers of private commercial banks of Bangladesh. The results of the study indicate that importance of internet banking needs, compatibility, convenience, and communication are significantly and positively related to the dependent variable. The findings of this study suggest that in order to attract more users to internet banking, it is not going to be enough only to introduce an internet banking system, these private commercial banks need to develop the belief of usefulness of the system among their users. The importance of internet banking needs and the ease of using it should be acknowledged by demonstration on trial basis. Limitations and implications for practicing managers and for future research are also discussed.
An Empirical Study on Behavioral Intent of Consumers in Online Shopping
Authors: Malik Garima , Guptha Abhinav
Published: January 2017

An e-commerce website would taste its success only through its strong business models and loyal customers. Customer loyalty is given the prime weightage as the customer on the internet web are highly volatile and switch the brands very quickly than a brick and mortar store due to the lesser degree of physical evidence. In this scenario it becomes highly essential for management of the e-tailers to understand the behavior of the consumers at various situations as this may provide an important insight of the consumer which may be grabbed to create a highly sustainable website to provide highest customer satisfaction. This paper examines the relationship between purchasing decisions and intentions to shop online and the factors affecting the decisions regarding the same in the minds of the consumers. Consumer intention in web based shopping is analyzed through the comparison of the factors that facilitate or inhibit online purchasing of products and services using the theory of planned behavior. A theoretical model that explains purchase intentions was tested with a sample of 120 consumers.
Research on Work- Family Balance: A Review
Authors: Jain Sarika , K. Nair Shreekumar
Published: January 2017

In the current globalized era, an increasing number of firms in the services sector require employees to work longer, frequently interact with customers and work across varied time zones. This has resulted in dilation of the boundary between work and family. This review explores the meaning, antecedents, consequences and moderators of work - family balance from conflict as well as enrichment perspectives. Further, the paper discusses the role of turn over intentions which have given mixed results in different settings. The review also focuses on the role of individuals' personality dimensions such as core self evaluation which are yet to gain prominence in work-family studies but are important enough to invite further research. The paper finally suggests the development of an integrated framework to understand the concept of work - family balance.
Randomized Scales, Scale-Checking Styles, & Reaction Time: Methodological Implications
Authors: Devasagayam Raj , Drowne Richelle
Published: January 2017

This empirical study examines whether scale-checking habits cause differences among responses to three types of semantic differential scales: a scale in which all the favorable adjectives were on the left side of the scale; a scale in which all the favorable adjectives were on the right side of the scale; and a scale in which the right-to-left and left-to-right scales were randomly mixed. The questionnaire consisted of fifteen items designed to rate customer attitudes toward three local malls. One additional issue of interest was to test if the reaction time to each of these scales was significantly different. As expected, the reaction time for the random scale displayed more variability around the mean. The type of scale used had a definite and statistically significant effect on the responses. The L-R scale biased the responses towards the favorable adjective, the R-L scale generated a bias in the opposite direction, and the mixed scale successfully eliminated any such bias. The implications of the findings are of interest to marketing scholars and practitioners that regularly use semantic differential scales and are concerned about the psychometric properties and consequent validity of the results obtained.
Using Performance Appraisal as an Effective Tool for Motivating the Employees Performance: A Live Study
Authors: Kumari Neeraj
Published: January 2017

The study aims to find the impact of perceived fairness of performance appraisal on employee performance in telecom sector. The study is based on descriptive research. Data was collected from the respondents through a standardized questionnaire. Sample Unit consisted of 80 employees from Vodafone and Tata Docomo. Statistical analysis of the quantified data was done using SPSS software. The analysis of responses was done by using correlation and regression analysis. According to Correlation analysis there exists a relationship between perceived fairness of performance appraisal and employee performance. In regression analysis, the nature of the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables were analyzed and the result was that there exists a significant impact of perceived fairness of performance appraisal on employee performance. The study concludes that perceived fairness of performance appraisal behavior plays a very vital role in contributing to organizational functioning and performance thereby giving a better clarity to the relation between employee performance and perceived fairness of performance appraisal.
Vascularized versus non-vascularized bone grafts in the treatment of scaphoid non-union
Authors: Hirche Christoph , Xiong Lingyun , Heffinger Christian , Münzberg Matthias , Fischer Sebastian , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Conventional non-vascularized bone grafts as well as vascularized bone grafts are used to treat scaphoid non-union (SN). Due to limited available studies, the field of application using both grafts for SN still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate a treatment algorithm for the use of both vascularized versus non-vascularized bone grafts based on clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) to improve the level of evidence.

Materials and Methods:

Based on a retrospective cohort study, including 28 patients with vascularized and 45 patients with conventional bone grafts, functional parameters, radiological outcome, Mayo-wrist-score, and QoL by SF-36 were applied to statistically compare the outcome of these two techniques.

Results:

Time between last procedure or trauma and study group scaphoid reconstruction was almost double in the vascularized bone grafting group. Comparable union rates were achieved with vascularized as well as non-vascularized bone grafts. Significant differences were observed between both groups for grip strength and radial-ulnar active range of motion. Further functional outcomes, radiological outcomes as well as QoL were found similar for both techniques in patients with surgical union.

Discussion and conclusions:

In order to achieve comparable and appropriate treatment results, vascularized bone grafts are recommended for patients with delayed treatment, impaired scaphoid vascularity, and revision surgery. Even in preselected, complex cases, the results are comparable to conventional grafts, which are the basis for further patient education and approve the powerful role of surgical angiogenesis of vascularized bone grafts.
Evaluation of arthroscopic training using a porcine knee model
Authors: Kim Hee-June , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kyung Hee-Soo
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic skills training.

Methods:

A routine diagnostic arthroscopic exercise using a porcine knee was performed. A checklist of 10 tasks was used in the training and the time taken to complete the checklist was evaluated, and the Arthroscopic Surgery Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET) score was used to score the training and evaluate the practice session. A total of 14 residents attended this training, including five first- and second-year residents, five third- and fourth-year residents, and four orthopedic fellows. The ASSET score and time taken to complete the task checklist were evaluated, and the first and third practice sessions were scored to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.

Results:

The mean ASSET score improved from 21.8 in the first practice session to 24.9 in the third session ( p < 0.001); the time taken to complete the task checklist decreased from 242 s in the first practice session to 207.5 s in the third session ( p < 0.001). The ASSET score and the time taken to complete the task improved in all groups between the first and third practice sessions. The degree of improvement in the ASSET score and the time taken to complete the task checklist between the first and third practice sessions in each group were not statistically different among the groups ( p = 0.857, p = 0.263, respectively).

Conclusion:

Porcine knees provide good material for residents and young orthopedic surgeons for teaching and training of arthroscopic surgical techniques.
Radiological characteristics of Kienböck’s disease in the Korean population
Authors: Kwak Sang Ho , Lee Ki Ho , Kang Seung-Baik , Lee Hyuk Jin , Baek Goo Hyun
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

In Kienböck’s disease, the wrist displays certain characteristic radiological parameters, which have been reported to differ among countries. In the present study, we aimed to identify specific radiological parameters of the unaffected wrists in patients with unilateral Kienböck’s disease and to determine the extent of the association of each parameter with the disease in Korea.

Methods:

This retrospective case–control study assessed the radiological parameters of patients with Kienböck’s disease ( n = 53) and controls ( n = 53), who visited our institution between January 2000 and May 2013. Ulnar variance (UV), radial inclination, lunate fossa inclination, lunate diameter, lunate height, lunate tilting angle (LTA), lunate covering index (LCI), and Ståhl index (SI) were measured and analyzed using a binary logistic regression model.

Results:

We observed that wrists with a high LTA and LCI, and low UV and SI had a tendency to develop Kienböck’s disease.

Conclusion:

In the Korean population, a high LTA and LCI, and low UV and SI of the unaffected wrists on plain radiography might be associated with Kienböck’s disease. The radiographic characteristics of the unaffected wrists can differ between patients with unilateral Kienböck’s disease and normal individuals.
Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears of the Elbow
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Bach Bernard R. , Verma Nikhil N. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears have become common, and UCL reconstruction (UCLR) is currently the preferred surgical treatment method for treating UCL tears.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to review the literature surrounding UCL repair and determine the viability of new repair techniques for treatment of UCL tears. We hypothesized that UCL repair techniques will provide comparable results to UCLR for treatment of UCL tears.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed with PRISMA guidelines using 3 publicly available free databases. Biomechanical and clinical outcome investigations reporting on UCL repair with levels of evidence 1 through 4 were eligible for inclusion. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each study and parameter/variable analyzed.

Results:

Of the 46 studies eligible, 4 studies (3 clinical and 1 biomechanical) were included. There were 92 patients (n = 92 elbows; 61 males [62.3%]; mean age, 21.9 ± 4.7 years) included in the clinical studies, with a mean follow-up of 49 ± 14.4 months. Eighty-six percent of repairs performed were on the dominant elbow, and 38% were in college athletes. Most UCL repairs (66.3%) were performed via suture anchors. After UCL repair, 87.0% of patients were able to return to sport. Overall, 94.9% of patients scored excellent/good on the Andrews-Carson score. Patients who were able to return to sport after UCL repair did so within 6 months after surgery. Biomechanically, when UCL repair was compared with the modified Jobe technique, the repair group showed significantly less gap formation than the reconstruction group.

Conclusion:

In patients for whom repair is properly indicated, UCL repair provides similar return-to-sport rates and clinical outcomes with shorter return-to-sport timing after repair compared with UCL reconstruction. Future outcome studies evaluating UCL repair with internal bracing are necessary before recommending this technique.
Hamstring Contracture After ACL Reconstruction Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cyclops Syndrome
Authors: Guerra-Pinto Francisco , Thaunat Mathieu , Daggett Matt , Kajetanek Charles , Marques Tiago , Guimaraes Tales , Quelard Bénédicte , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: January 2017

Background:

Cyclops syndrome is characterized by loss of terminal knee extension due to proliferative fibrous nodule formation in the intercondylar notch. This complication occurs in the early postoperative period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The pathogenesis of Cyclops syndrome is not well understood.

Hypothesis:

Persistent hamstring contracture after ACLR is associated with an increased risk of subsequent Cyclops syndrome.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The files of 45 patients who underwent arthroscopic debridement of a Cyclops lesion after ACLR were analyzed. Recorded data included demographic information and technical details of surgery. Preoperative magnetic resonance images were also analyzed, and patients with femoral bone bruising were identified. Passive and active range of motion were recorded in all patients preoperatively and at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery to address the Cyclops lesion. Passive extension deficit was evaluated in comparison with the contralateral limb and classified as secondary to hamstring contracture when contracture was observed and palpated in the prone position and when the extension deficit was reversed after exercises performed to fatigue the hamstrings. A control group was selected using a random numbers table among our entire ACLR cohort. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze differences between the 2 groups.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to age at ACLR, sex distribution, time from injury to surgery ( P > .05), proportion of professional athletes, presence of femoral bone bruise, or technical aspects of surgery. The overall extension deficit incidence was significantly higher in the Cyclops group at 3 weeks (Cyclops, 71%; control, 22%) ( P < .001) and at 6 weeks (Cyclops, 60%; control, 7%) ( P < .001). The extension deficit related to hamstring contracture was significantly higher in the Cyclops group at 3 weeks (Cyclops, 58%; control, 22%) ( P < .001) and at 6 weeks (Cyclops, 29%; control, 2%) ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The Cyclops lesion is associated with a persistent hamstring contracture at 3 and 6 weeks after ACLR.
The Thousand Year Flood: University Students’ Reflections on Service Learning Experiences Before and After a Natural Disaster
Authors: Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , Dunn Caroline , Boutte Alycia , Blake Christine
Published: January 2017

Service learning allows health sciences students to connect what they learn in the classroom with real-world experiences. The goal of this article was to examine the experiences of students in a nutrition course who completed their service learning assignment at a community food bank before or after a large natural disaster—the October 2015 flood in South Carolina. Sources of data included an online survey and a qualitative content analysis of the service learning assignment reflection papers. Students ( n = 106 completed the course) equally valued their service learning experience at both pre- and post-flood periods; however, significantly more post-flood students (44%) rated the training they received prior to volunteering as inadequate than pre-flood students (7%, χ2 = 7.55, p < .01). From the reflection papers, themes that emerged more often in post-flood papers were related to altruism (e.g., mentions of wanting to volunteer in the future, include others in their volunteer experiences, or donate food) as compared to pre-flood papers, which tended to mention more of the technical aspects of volunteering, such as comments around sorting or bagging food. Analysis of the reflection papers also revealed several students who volunteered pre-flood but returned to volunteer again after the flood. The results of this study indicate that students can familiarize themselves with volunteer opportunities through service learning that enable them to return to their volunteer location at a time of community crisis and need; however, additional training regarding the impact of natural disasters would be beneficial.