bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave digestion for microbes v1
Authors: not provided An.Huang
Published: October 2022

Before conducting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), all samples containing organic compounds need to be digested in order to eliminate all organic parts. Microwave digestion is a commonly used method for organism digestion. This protocol describes how to conduct microwave digestion on microbes.
Electroporatic transformation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides v1
Authors: K Yakha Jaya
Published: October 2022

The expression host for R. sphaeroides DrshI wasconstructed by deleting Type II restriction enzyme RshI (locus tag RSP_3759; recognition sequence CGATCG) from strain DD11 is suitable for transformation by either chemical or electrical procedures.
Efectividad de un programa de educación médica y una alerta electrónica para aumentar el uso adecuado de profilaxis antitrombótica en pacientes hospitalizados
Authors: Arrieta-Bechara Juan Carlos , Plaza-Tenorio Maribel , Franco-Garcia Samir , Pinto-Diaz Angie Katherine , Jaramillo-Calle Daniel , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel Camilo
Published: October 2022

Antecedentes: la profilaxis antitrombótica (PAT) en pacientes hospitalizados con riesgo de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) es olvidada frecuentemente.
Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un programa educativo y una alerta electrónica en el uso de PAT en pacientes hospitalizados con riesgo de ETEV.
Diseño: cuasiexperimental no controlado pre- y posintervención. Pacientes: ≥18 años, hombres y mujeres con indicación de PAT y hospitalizados ≥72 horas en el 2009 (preintervención), 2016 (poseducación) y 2017 (posalerta).
Métodos: calculamos odd ratios (OR) crudos y ajustados por edad, sexo, tipo de paciente y factores de riesgo de ETEV para la asociación entre el uso de PAT y las intervenciones.
Resultados: incluimos 239 pacientes (80 preintervención, 80 poseducación y 79 posalerta). El uso de PAT incrementó del 66,2 % preintervención al 90 % posalerta. El grupo posalerta tuvo 3,6 veces más posibilidades de recibir PAT en el análisis ajustado (OR: 3,6 IC 95 %: 1,4–9,1). Las intervenciones no modificaron significativamente el uso de PAT en pacientes médicos.
Conclusiones: un programa educativo y una alerta electrónica son efectivos para aumentar el uso de PAT en pacientes hospitalizados, con especial beneficio en los pacientes quirúrgicos.
Methods for the detection of tumor-specific single nucleotide somatic mutations in plasma cDNA samples
Authors: Dyakov L. M. , Krivtsova O. M. , Khesina P. A. , Kustova I. F. , Dyakova N. A. , Muge N. S. , Kudashkin N. E. , Patyutko Yu. I. , Lazarevich N. L.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Liquid biopsy is considered as a minimally invasive method of molecular genetic analysis that can be used for early diagnosis, prognosis of disease development, monitoring of residual disease or treatment outcomes, and selection of optimal drug therapy schemes for a patient. Along with the development of tests based on the study of panels of oncologically significant genes or their regions, for various forms of genetically heterogeneous tumors a promising approach could be the use as an object of liquid biopsy of an individual spectrum of somatic mutations of a particular patient that can be detected on the basis of high-throughput sequencing of tumor tissue.

Aim. To determine the applicability of different methods for detecting single-nucleotide somatic mutations detected in tumor tissue of a particular patient in cDNA preparations from blood plasma obtained before surgical removal of the tumor and to evaluate the possibility of quantifying the proportion of the alternative variant in the total pool of cDNA. Materials and methods. We used normal and tumor tissue, as well as blood plasma samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and various methods for detecting single-nucleotide somatic mutations: real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with intercalating dye or with TaqMan probes, droplet digital PCR and high-throughput sequencing of target amplicons.

Results. Using the example of a somatic mutation in the TLN1 gene detected in tumor tissue of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, methods were developed and tested, each of which allows specific detection of the mutant variant in small amounts (2 ng) of cDNA from the blood plasma of the same patient. The use of droplet PCR and target amplicon sequencing methods allowed us to quantify the proportion of the mutant variant in the total cDNA pool, which was 19.7 and 23.5 %, respectively.

Conclusion. Among the methods investigated, droplet digital PCR and targeted amplicon sequencing allow not only reliable detection of mutant variants in small amounts of cDNA, but also adequate quantification, which is particularly important for the development of ways to monitor tumor growth during treatment. The close values of the proportion of mutant variants in cDNA detected by these methods indicate the accuracy of quantitative analysis and the possibility of their use for cross-validation of the results obtained.
Significance of tumor-associated macrophages in bladder cancer development
Authors: Pavlov V. N. , Urmantsev M. F. , Korelov Yu. A. , Bakeev M. R.
Published: October 2022

Bladder cancer is the 2nd most common urological oncological disease in the worlds. Tumors can be muscle invasive and non-muscle invasive. Recently, tumor microenvironment (TME) became a focus of investigation in malignant tumors of the bladder. According to the currently available data, TME is a specific environment crating optimal conditions for carcinogenesis in the neoplastic lesion. The main parts of TME are extracellular matrix and stroma including vasculature, stromal, and immune cells. Additionally, TME includes cytokines, chemokines, and other compounds activating signal pathways necessary for tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are being extensively studied as representatives of TME in solid tumors of varying locations. These macrophages can be classified into 2 phenotypes: M1 (pro-inflammatory and antitumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory and protumor). The phenotypes perform different roles, and M2 macrophages regulate the most important processes of oncogenesis (invasion, proliferation, neoangiogenesis, etc.). In the context of bladder cancer, M2 macrophages are the most significant as they are the most numerous TAMs in TME.

Aim. To study the role of tumor-associated macrophages in development of bladder tumors, as well as prognostic value of these macrophages.
Aktas—an “Ephemeral” Upper Paleolithic Site in North Kazakhstan
Authors: Anoikin A. A. , Klementiev A. M. , Zotkina L. V. , Kurbanov R. N. , Kharevich V. M. , Bocharova E. N. , Taimagambetov Z. K.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents new findings from field studies at Aktas, an Upper Paleolithic site first excavated in 1982 and 1983. It is located in North Kazakhstan, where Paleolithic sites are quite rare. We describe the stratigraphy, paleontology, archaeology, and chronology of Aktas. Six lithological layers are distinguished, two of which (3 and 4) abound in faunal remains. Chronology was generated from a new series of OSL-ages. The accumulation of layer 2 took place between ca 20–12 ka ago, whereas layers 3 and 4 were formed ca 50–30 ka ago. A side-scraper, made of imported flint, was found. The bulk of the faunal complex relates to large ungulates such as Pleistocene horse (Equus ferus), woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), and mountain sheep (Ovis ammon). Some bones bear traces of deliberate fragmentation and dismemberment using stone tools. These facts, along with the taphocenotic indicators (species composition, absence of traces of predator activity, etc.), as well as the location and stratigraphy of the site, allow us to conclude that the faunal assemblages at this location are anthropogenic. Traces of human occupation are scarce, suggesting that Aktas is an “ephemeral” site, attesting to human presence in that territory during the Late Pleistocene, but revealing no cultural indicators. The findings picture Aktas as a kill-site—the place where the prey was butchered and consumed. This is the only such site known in the area to date. The number of lithics is too small for cultural attribution. However, the estimated age suggests that North Kazakhstan was peopled as early as the beginning of MIS3, corresponding to the early stages of the Upper Paleolithic.
Neolithic Burials in the Zelinda River Mouth, Northern Angara: Burial Practices and Radiocarbon Chronology
Authors: Marchenko Z. V. , Grishin A. E. , Garkusha Y. N. , Kerbs E. A.
Published: October 2022

We describe new findings relating to Neolithic burials at two cemeteries in the Northern Angara area, excavated in 2012 by the Boguchany archaeological expedition. The sites are located at the outlet of the Zelinda—the right tributary of the Angara. Two burials were revealed at Ust-Zelinda-1, and five at Ust-Zelinda-2. We describe preserved remains and the funerary rite, and analyze radiocarbon dates generated from the human bones. On the basis of archaeological parallels, we attribute certain burials to the Isakovo culture. Burial practices include the use of “ocher” and the supine position of the buried along the Angara, heads to the south, upstream of the site. Calibrated radiocarbon dates, details of the funerary rite, grave goods and their typological characteristics, as well as the placement of graves within the cemeteries, suggest that three chronological groups existed within the 7499–5583 cal BP (5550–3634 cal BC) interval. The 14C date of the third group (5718–5583 cal BP, or 3769–3634 cal BC), details of the funerary rite, and grave goods are indicative of the Late Neolithic (Isakovo culture of the Southern Angara). Burials of the second group, which is the best represented (7157–6555 cal BP, or 5208–4606 cal BC), resemble those of the classic Isakovo tradition. The burial (without grave goods) attributed to the fi rst chronological group dates to 7499–7317 cal BP, or 5550– 5368 cal BC. It is hypothesized that “proto-Isakovo” traditions originated on the Northern Angara, having later spread to the Southern Angara.
The Beginning of Iron Metallurgy in East Asia
Authors: Nesterov S. P.
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the Far East. A revision of the published data indicates a lack of synchrony in the appearance of bronze artifacts in cultures of the Amur region and Primorye in the late 2nd to early 1st millennia BC. Iron and cast iron were widely distributed in the Urilsky and Yankovsky cultures. However, no such artifacts are known in contemporaneous cultures such as the Evoron, Siniy Gai, and Lidovka, which are attributed to the Bronze Age, whereas the earliest iron and cast iron artifacts of the Urilsky culture come from the western parts of the Amur basin. All known bronze artifacts of that culture were widely distributed during the Shang and Western Zhou stages, in Karasuk-type cultures of Southern Siberia and Central Asia of the late 2nd to early 1st millennia BC. In China, the earliest iron artifacts appeared between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, while in the provinces of eastern Liaoning and southwestern Jilin they appeared between the 4th and 1st centuries BC. Cast iron celts of the Yankovsky culture in Primorye, which in 1960s were dated to 1000–800 BC, are now believed to be no earlier than 400–200 BC, coinciding with the appearance of iron in Manchuria. It is concluded that in East Asia, iron and cast iron first appeared in the western Amur basin in 1100–900 BC.
Tools Used in Tagar Rock Art: Findings of an Experimental Traceological Study
Authors: Zotkina L. V. , Davydov R. V.
Published: October 2022

We describe the findings of traceological analysis and experiments with bronze and iron tools used by Tagar and Tes artists. The pecking traces these tools leave on the red Devonian sandstone were examined to assess which of them could have been used in rock art production. At the first stage, a preliminary analysis of Tagar petroglyphs was carried out, and metal tools and weapons from the Martyanov Museum of Local History in Minusinsk were examined. Morphologically suitable ones were selected, and experimental tools were made of stone, copper alloys, and low-carbon steel. Experiments were conducted and samples of pecking traces were produced. The final stage of the work consisted of comparing these samples with actual petroglyphs, and use-wear traces on the experimental tools with those on the actual tools. This approach made a direct comparison possible. Among the Tagar and Tes metal tools, those that had likely been used in rock art production were detected. The conclusion was made that no specialized tools designated for that purpose existed at that time in the Minusinsk Basin. Rather, multifunctional tools were used. These were made of tin bronze and low-carbon steel with thermal processing. Such tools first appeared in the region in the Early Iron Age.
Medieval Burials at Ryabchikov Klyuch-1, the Kansk-Rybinsk Basin
Authors: Vybornov A. V. , Skobelev S. G. , Alekseeva E. A. , Bagashev A. N. , Slepchenko S. M. , Grachev I. A.
Published: October 2022

Previously, burials at Ryabchikov Klyuch-1 on the Kan River near Kansk were dated to the Late Middle Ages (pre-Russian period) and attributed to an autochthonous group. In 2015, two burials were discovered at the cemetery, with the remains of an adolescent girl and a child. A comprehensive analysis of the burial rite and grave goods suggests that the burials date to the 12th century. Numerous archaeological and ethnographic parallels were found. Morphologically, the girl’s cranium reveals generally eastern traits, specifically those common in Western Siberian (Uralic and Ob-Irtysh) populations. The cranium was restored, and a graphical reconstruction of the face was made. Burial practices of the 17th–19th century Middle Kan populations are described. They were Ket-speaking Kotts, Turkic-speaking Karagas, and Samoyed-speaking Kamasins. The analysis of sources suggests that the buried people were likely ancestors of the Kotts.
Chinese Coins from the Early Medieval Cemetery Gorny-10, Northern Altai
Authors: Seregin N. N. , Tishin V. V. , Stepanova N. F.
Published: October 2022

We describe a representative series of Chinese coins found during the excavations at Gorny-10, carried out by expeditions from Altai State University in 2000–2003. The coins were found in eight burials (No. 6, 18, 44–46, 48, 62, 66). Because of its composition and diversity, the sample is unusual for North and Inner Asia. It includes 29 specimens, relating to various groups. Apart from coins of the Wǔ-zhū and Kāi-yuán Tōng-bǎo types, which are rather common outside China, there are very rare ones belonging to the Cháng-píng Wǔ-zhū and Wǔ-xíng Dà-bù categories. A numismatic analysis allowed us to date separate burials and the entire cemetery. The lower date of most burials (No. 6, 45, 46, 48, 62, 66) cannot be earlier than AD 581, as evidenced by Sui coins of the Wǔ-zhū type. Burials 18 and 41, where Kāi-yuán Tōng-bǎo coins were found, are later than the 630s. In view of additional data (absence of late issues of Kāi-yuán Tōng-bǎo coins, and results of radiocarbon analysis), burials at Gorny-10 date to late 6th and 7th centuries. Notably, coins were found only in burials of women and children. Their locations suggest that they had been used as head ornaments and parts of belt sets, as well as pendants and amulets.
The State of Preservation of the Shakhty Rock Art Site and the Prospects of Its Conservation
Authors: Abolonkova I. V. , Sayfulloev N. N. , Dedov I. E.
Published: October 2022

This article deals with the preservation of the Shakhty rock art site, discovered in the Eastern Pamirs in 1958 by the leading Central Asian Stone Age researcher V.A. Ranov. The analysis of photographs taken in the Shakhty rock shelter during the 2019 survey revealed the nature of destructive processes at the site due to environmental conditions of the Eastern Pamir highland. The article integrates the results of analysis of Ranov’s archives at the Donish Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tajikistan. Thanks to Ranov’s diaries and photographs, it was possible in 2019 to assess the degree of erosion on the rock surface, and the loss of fragments of painted images over more than 60 years. Emergency areas requiring conservation efforts were identified. Principles of conservation and restoration of rock art are outlined, and an overview of techniques developed for sites of this type in the post-Soviet space in the last quarter of the 20th century is presented. State of the art conservation methods for rock art, which, in the future, can be applied for the preservation of emergency areas at Shakhty, are described. A set of measures is suggested to preserve this site.
South Russian Settlers of Western Siberia in the Late 19th to Early 20th Centuries, Based on Archival Documents and Field Studies
Authors: Fursova E. F.
Published: October 2022

In cultural terms, as compared to many other Russian groups, the South Russian (Kursk) settlers of Siberia in the late 19th to early 20th centuries were a distinct group, having their own traditional culture but usually no compact settlements. In this work, for the first time, on the basis of the State Archive of the Kursk Region, the ethno-cultural composition of Siberian settlers from that region is examined. Attitudes of South Russian peasants of the post-Reform era to migration are analyzed, reasons underlying their “wanderlust” and their reflection about relocation and ethnic identity are explored. Documents at the State Archive of the Tomsk Region, and the findings of my fi eld studies in 2014– 2018 pertaining to the Siberian stage in the history of Russian “Yuzhaks” (Southerners) suggest that their priority was to live side by side with Ukrainian settlers, as they had used to do in their homeland. The reason is that the key role in the early 20th century migrations was played by Russian-Ukrainian frontiersmen—people of “no man’s land”. At the time of migration to Siberia, those living in the southern Kursk Governorate were Russian Old Believers, Southern Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians (Little Russians), Russian Cossacks, and “Cherkassians” (Ukrainian Cossacks). The latter preferred to live apart from others, even within a single village. Archival documents and findings of field studies in the Anzhero-Sudzhensky District of the Kemerovo Region, and in the Topchikhinsky and Kulundinsky Districts of the Altai Territory demonstrate that Southern Russians were situationally identical to Ukrainians, as evidenced, for instance, by the frequent shift of surname endings from “-ko” and “-k” to “-ov” and vice versa, depending on migration plans. A conclusion is made that the ethnic diversity of migrants from the Kursk Governorate, the situational equivalence of Eastern Slavic groups in Siberia, as well as marriages with Russian old residents and Ukrainians, were key factors in the formation of local Siberian variants of the South Russian culture.
A Case of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in a Late Neanderthal Population of the Altai Mountains
Authors: Zubova A. V. , Kulkov A. M. , Pikhur O. L. , Moiseyev V. G. , Kolobova K. A. , Markin S. V.
Published: October 2022

We describe a likely case of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) in a Neanderthal skeletal sample from Chagyrskaya Cave, in the Altai Mountains. Signs of CMS were recorded in the Chagyrskaya 57 specimen, which is a fragment of a left maxilla. Alveoli of the upper fi rst molar are partially preserved, and so are the second and third upper molars, with adjacent parts of the walls, and the fl oor of the maxillary sinus. The fragment was found in layer 6b, dating to 53,100–51,100 BP. We analyze the factors that had caused the development of the disease, and assess its etiology. In the 3D-model, generated by computed microtomography, and in the original specimen, porotic changes were registered, situated at the fracture line of the alveoli of M1, lost post-mortem, and near the vestibular roots of both preserved molars. Also, there were isolated bone spicules, 1.0–2.6 mm in size. These signs indicate incipient CMS, evidently caused by chronic periodontal disease combined with a deep alveolar recess of the maxillary sinus. As the periodontal gap expanded, several small nutrient foramina, piercing the bottom of the sinus, merged. As a result, several oro-antral channels formed, whereupon the infection spread into the maxillary sinus. Since the deep alveolar recess is observed in the vast majority of Neanderthal crania with published images or reconstructed maxillary cavities, it can be assumed that Neanderthals were predisposed to odontogenic CMS.
Dental Data on the Origin of the Early Iron Age Bolshaya Rechka Population in the Upper Ob Area, and the Differentiation Between the Kamen and Bolshaya Rechka Cultures
Authors: Kishkurno M. S.
Published: October 2022

This dental study addresses the origin of the Bolshaya Rechka people in the Novosibirsk region of the Ob, with reference to the migration of Saka and Sarmatian tribes from the southwest. I compare dental features of southern Kamen and northern Bolshaya Rechka populations inhabiting the entire Upper Ob area. Dental samples from eleven Bolshaya Rechka cemeteries were studied. Findings indicate heterogeneity. Nearly all samples evidence admixture between eastern and western groups. That from Bystrovka-3 takes a separate position, revealing more eastern traits along with those marking the Southern Siberian Upper Paleolithic complex. The results enable us to evaluate the role of Saka and Sarmatian migrants from Kazakhstan, Cis-Urals, and Tian Shan. This role appears to have been relatively minor and likely indirect, upholding the ideas advanced by archaeologists. Bolshaya Rechka and Kamen populations (the latter culture was thought to include the former) are biologically distinct. Bolshaya Rechka displays continuity with local Early Bronze Age groups. The main component of the Kamen population of forest-steppe Altai, on the other hand, was introduced by Saka and Sarmatian immigrants, who, evidently, had not reached the Novosibirsk region of the Ob. Rather than moving on northwards along the Ob from the forest-steppe Altai, they turned west, toward the Tobol-Irtysh watershed.
Bit Error Rate Analysis of Physical Layer Network Coding Spatially Modulated Full-Duplex Nodes Based Bidirectional Wireless Relay Network
Authors: Sharma Rajesh R , Bagubali A. , Sasikumar K.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, Physical Layer Network coding (PLNC)-Spatially Modulated Full-Duplex (SMFD) nodes based two-way/bidirectional cooperative wireless relay network is proposed. The PLNC-SMFD-based system is a viable technology in the field of next-generation wireless networks to enhance spectral efficiency. In the proposed system model, both the source nodes and relay nodes are employed with 2 × 2 antenna configurations where 2 bits of information are exchanged between the source nodes through a relay node. Transmit antenna selection at the source nodes is based on the incoming bitstreams. For instance, the transmit antenna is selected at PLNC-SMFD nodes based on the data symbols of the Most Significant Bit (MSB). Whereas the selected transmit antenna sends the Least Significant Bit (LSB) bit of data symbol at any time instance. Further, the self-interference at the transmitting and receiving nodes is modeled as Gaussian with the thermal noise power as a variance. The Bit Error Rate (BER) analytical expressions for both the upper and lower bound are derived in a Rayleigh Fading channel background. It has been graphically shown that the BER performance of the proposed system analyzes the effect of self-interference.
Vertical handoff technique using context transfer cross-layer P-SIP Scheme for IMS based LTE-WiMAX architecture
Authors: Annasamy Bagubali , R Rajesh , K SasiKumar , Baradeswaran A. , Krishnan Kishore V
Published: October 2022

Next-generation heterogeneous wireless networks provide flexibility to access IP multimedia services (IMS) anywhere at any time and with always-on connectivity in various networks. IMS service allows to include various networks to provide seamless data services and helps to reduce the delay that occurred during the handoff process. Long-term evolution (LTE) is the fastest emerging mobile communication technology in the current networking field. We proposed an interworking architecture of LTE and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). The key goal is to provide seamless services in heterogeneous networks. We proposed an algorithm to reduce this IMS delay using Cross-layer and Context Transfer Prior –SIP (P-SIP) scheme using Media Independent Handover (MIH) services. Performance metrics of Integrated LTE- WiMAX architecture in terms of VHO latency, signaling overhead cost, and packet loss are analyzed
Novel Method of Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Yadav Priya , Kumar Sunil , J Saini Dilip Kumar
Published: October 2022

Cloud computing is frequently alluded to as a model that furnishes boundless information handling conveniences with compensation for each utilization framework. Present-day cloud foundations resources as virtual machines (VMs) to actual machines utilizing virtualization innovation. All VMs works their involved structure and exhaust resources from their actual machine which behaves like a host. For load adjusting, Cloud moves VMs from exceptionally troubled real machines to low troubled actual machines. The delay of this calculation expansions in the organization as virtual machines are relocated. This work puts forward a new algorithm, namely o for VM migration. The proposed optimization algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB software. A comparative analysis is performed between the outcomes of the preceding and the new algorithm.  The proposed algorithm has been evaluated over three performance parameters including delay, bandwidth used and space used.
An Implementation of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction in Ultrasonography Images using AWMYOLOv4 Deep Learning Mode
Authors: D Damodharan , Goel Amit Kumar
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important issues facing the people and their origins also death is contained all over the world the facing issues in past 25 years. Every country’s inversing large amount in health care researches and it’s related to enhanced predict the diseases. Cardio issues are not even physicians can easily be predicted and it is a very challenging task that requires high knowledge and expertise. To identify to create machine language models used to efficiently predict the earliest stage of cardiovascular disease. In this work, we recommend AWMF filter for the pre-process the Input Image after the input move to YOLOv4 neural network method for classification and segmentation to the heart affected areas by using ultrasonic Images with the help of a machine learning algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses ultrasonic picture classification and segmentation to detect cardiovascular disease earlier. This model shows the more accurate result on 96% of training and 98% testing data. And this method shows better results and providing while compared to the existing method.
New Findings Regarding the Thermal Oxidation and Biomimetic Depositions on the Corrosion Resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Ribeiro Maestro Carolina Aurélia , Santo Bueno Alysson Helton , Marins Balestra Roseli , De Sousa Malafaia Artur Mariano , Moreto Jeferson
Published: October 2022

Our research group has been working on the surface functionalization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by using thermal oxidation followed by CaP and Bi-CaP biomimetic depositions. In this short communication, we present new insights into the corrosion behaviour of the treated system by using potentiodynamic polarization tests. Our results demonstrated lower values of electric current density for the CaP specimens when compared to the Bi-CaP, indicating a tendency for the CaP samples to remake the passive film. Another reasonable explanation may be related to the displacement of CaP particles or the formation of corrosion products that partially block the pores of the coating. Morphological analyzes of all treated surfaces after the potentiodynamic polarization tests also suggest the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Analysis of Factors Involving Drinking Water Contamination by Glyphosate and/or Nitrate in Urban Areas
Authors: Dovidauskas Sergio , Okada Isaura Akemi , Dos Santos Felipe Rodrigues , Okada Marina Miyuki , Briganti Rita de Cássia , Souto Marco Antonio Moreira
Published: October 2022

This study investigated factors that could be related to drinking water contamination in urban areas in order to obtain quality profiles that characterized presence of the glyphosate and nitrate contaminants. Thus, in a period of one year, 4,853 tap water samples from 89 cities in the northeastern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed in 21 physicochemical and 2 microbiological parameters. Additionally, 4 demographic variables were also included in multivariate data analysis. Principal Component Analysis of physicochemical and microbiological data showed that glyphosate concentration is positively correlated with nitrate concentration, especially in cities that make exclusive use of groundwater, besides correlating with conductivity and with concentrations of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chloride, phosphate and free residual chlorine. The inclusion of demographic variables in Principal Component Analysis did not significantly change waters physicochemical profiles, but in cities that exclusive use groundwater for public supply the number of hospitalizations for diarrhea correlated positively with glyphosate, nitrate and chloride concentrations, in addition to conductivity. Linear Discriminant Analysis models involving 5 variables (conductivity and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride and nitrate) were able to predict the cities vulnerability to groundwater contamination by nitrate.
Identification of additional ways to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. Retrospective Continuum Study.
Authors: Frolova Olga Petrovna , Sharkova Tatiana I. , Butylchenko Olga V. , Severova Lyudmila P. , Abramchenko Anna V.
Published: October 2022

Background: HIV infection was more often registered in the general population than in vulnerable groups according to official statistics from the Russian Federation in 2021.
Aims: to determine the characteristic patient cohorts coinfected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in dynamic epidemiological environments, and propose additional organizational approaches for reducing TB incidence in patients with HIV.
Materials and methods: we have investigated complete medical data for patients coinfected with TB and HIV in three Russian regions. Additionally, we analyzed the cohort of patients with TB, combined with HIV infection via sexual transmission. Furthermore, confidential interviews with patients coinfected with TB and HIV were undertaken. In particular, reasons for refusing clinical examination at a Russian Federal AIDS Center (RFAIDSC) were clarified.
Results: among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, parenteral transmission remains the primary HIV infection route. At the same time, patients who become infected through sexual contact are also primarily socially disadvantaged, leading to the refusal of clinical examination and a consequent late detection of TB. On the other hand, patients report that due to unemployment, they do not have the financial means to travel to the regional RFAIDSC.
More often, widespread, rapidly progressive MDR TB infections occurred among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, than for patients with TB but without HIV. Considering that every fourth TB patient in Russia has been diagnosed with HIV, and, at the same time, there are specific features regarding the development and course of TB, the generally accepted criteria for assessing the quality of TB without HIV care often become biased for coinfected patients. This can lead to unreasonably negative assessments of the antituberculosis system and its work.
Conclusions: in view of the above, it is important to modify regulatory documents regarding informing patients about the importance of seeking timely medical help, solve the issue of travel for unemployed patients to medical examinations and in emergency cases. Additionally, it is important to introduce adjustments for the criteria in assessing the quality of patient TB care, thereby accounting for the pathogenesis of TB in patients with HIV coinfection.
Case Report of Patient with Posttraumatic Arteriovenous Fistula of Femoral Vessels in the Lower Third of Thigh: Peculiarities of Pathogenesis and Difficulties of Management
Authors: Kalinin Roman E. , Suchkov Igor’ A. , Shanaev Ivan N. , Agapov Andrey B. , Khashumov Ruslan M.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: Pathological communications between the arterial and venous systems have been in the center of attention of surgeons since XVIII century. Despite the achievements of the modern medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is still quite a difficult problem. The most common location of AVF is the lower limbs ― 17% of cases. Because of the peculiarities of structure and clinical manifestations of posttraumatic AVF, they are diagnosed several years after the injury. Diagnostic errors reach 30%, and unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment are observed in 30% to 70% of cases. The article describes a clinical case of a patient with a rare posttraumatic AVF in the lower third of thigh identified 2 years after fracture of a lower limb. Initially, the patient was delivered to hospital for surgical treatment for varicose vein disease of the left lower limb (C5 in CEAP classification). In the follow-up examination at the department of vascular surgery, a posttraumatic AVF of femoral vessels in the lower third of thigh was found with alterations of central hemodynamics (according to the heart ultrasound data). An attempt of open disconnection of the AVF was undertaken, however, morphological alterations of the walls of femoral vessels caused by a long-existing fistula did not permit this to be done. In result, for effective disconnection of AVF two stages of endovascular treatment were required.
CONCLUSION: This medical case is given by the authors because of the rarity of pathology, atypical clinical manifestations and diagnostic difficulties. This case is also interesting from the point of view of the fact that effective disconnection of AVF required several stages of endovascular treatment.
Analysis and Evaluation of Modern Approaches to Development of Medical Drugs Using Micro- and Nanotechnologies
Authors: Raguzin Evgeniy V. , Yudin Mikhail A. , Glushenko Daniil D. , Vengerovich Nikolay G. , Raguzina Ol’ga G. , Pechurina Tat’yana B. , Shefer Timur V. , Ivanov Igor’ M.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: TDespite the achievements of the modern medicine, use of some medical drugs (MDs) is associated with both the absence of a significant therapeutic effect due to peculiarities of the physico-chemical interaction in the internal environment of an organism, and with the adverse effect on organs and tissues. The advanced technologies of creation of micro- and nanoparticles will permit to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug, its bioavailability and solubility, the ability of crossing blood-brain barriers, and to reduce undesirable systemic effects. MDs using micro- and nanoparticles, have a targeted effect on the focus of pathological lesion. An important additional advantage is a possibility of using micro- and nanoparticles in development of long-acting MDs. The main active substances immobilized to micro- and nanoparticles, open up new prospects for effective treatment of different pathological conditions (neoplasms, diseases of cardiovascular and central nervous system, inflammatory processes, wounds), and for realization of new imaging capabilities in foci of a pathological process, which is especially important in diagnostic procedures.
CONCLUSION: The article presents a summary of the ideas of methods of micro- and nanoencapsulation, and assessments of the prospects for the development of drugs for the correction of pathological conditions using innovative technologies.
Parameters of Functional Lateral Organization of Students of Medical University with Different Levels of Physical Fitness
Authors: Mazikin Ivan M. , Lapkin Mikhail M. , Akulina Mariya V. , Kulagin Pavel A.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: One of the parameters of the functional reserves of the human body is the level of physical fitness, which depends not only on the improvement of various methods used in the education of students in physical culture, but also on the individual characteristics of students, including parameters of their functional lateralization.
AIM: To establish the character of the interrelations between the parameters of functional lateralization and the parameters of physical fitness in medical university students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional lateralization was determined by both the conventional test methods and by the method of neuro-energo mapping in 120 practically healthy medical university students of male gender aged 18 to 23 years. Physical fitness was assessed in conventional tests for determination of strength fitness, speed-strength fitness, speed endurance. All the data were processed using non-parametric statistical methods and correlation and cluster analysis.
RESULTS: Based on the criterion of physical fitness, young men were divided to two groups: a group with a relatively high level of speed and strength endurance and flexibility (cluster 1, n = 71), and a group with a relatively high level of strength fitness (cluster 1, n = 49). Both the integral (coefficient of lateral organization profile CLOP) and partial parameters (manual and sensory asymmetry) of the functional lateralization were higher in the representatives of cluster 2, with this, the analysis of changes of the permanent potential level (method of neuro-energo mapping) in functional tests showed only an emerging tendency in the differences between the clusters. Also, in cluster 1, weak (r 0.3, р 0.05) negative relationships between the parameters of functional lateralization were found in behavioral tests, and between changes in the permanent potential level of the left and right cerebral hemispheres (TdTs lead) in load tests. In the representatives of the second cluster, no correlations were found.
CONCLUSION: The results of the performed comprehensive analysis evidence, in the authors opinion, the differences in the central-peripheral relationships in the systemic organization of physiological functions that determine non-uniform physical fitness in young men with a relatively high level of speed-strength endurance and flexibility (cluster 1) and those with a relatively high level of strength fitness (cluster 2).
Characteristic Features of Impact of COVID-19 Pandemics on Mental Health of Population of Different Countries: Results of Cross-Sectional Online Studies in Albania, India, Iran and Nigeria
Authors: Dashi Elona , Vahdani Bita , Chepure Ashish , Hayatudeen Nafisatu , Kumari Padma , Farhang Sara , Ramalho Rodrigo , Patil Ishwar , Majidi Mahnaz , Ransing Ramdas , Metaj Enita , Baba Musami Umar , Fisayo Adesokun , Metu Izuchukwu , Ungratwar Apurva , Rehman Sajjadur , Alikaj Valbona , Numbere Tamuno-Wari , Adiukwu Frances
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus infection of 2019 (COVID-19) produced an incontestable impact on the mental health of people around the world. This impact is conditioned by a complex interrelation of social, cultural, economic and COVID-19-associated factors. However, insufficient data on comparison of parameters of mental health of the population in different countries limits our understanding of these interrelations.
AIM: To evaluate and compare the frequency of mental health disorders (general problems and problems related to COVID-19) and their correlations in four countries: Albania, India, Iran and Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the problems of mental health of the population of four countries (Albania, India, Iran and Nigeria) were investigated. The participants were selected in the period from July 07, 2020 to November 13, 2020. The study used a cross-check anonymous online questioning to assess the degree of depression, anxiety and insomnia, which included Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). To assess the mental health problems associated with COVID-19, the survey included Corona Anxiety Scale (CAS), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). To analyze the data, ꭓ2, KruskalWallis tests and multiple linear regression were used.
RESULTS: In general, the prevalence of general anxiety, depression, insomnia and COVID-19-associated anxiety, was higher among the Iranian population compared to the other three countries. Risk factors for increased anxiety about the new coronavirus infection were fear, depression, trouble and age; however, these factors were different in the four studied countries. The parameter was highest (47%) in the Albanian population and lowest (20%) in India.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows different prevalence of psychological health disorders during the ongoing pandemics, including problems associated with COVID-19, in different countries. Therefore, healthcare policy and measures adopted in different countries, should be adapted to specific needs of the country rather than be based on the universal global responsive measures.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua dengan Kejenuhan Belajar Selama Pembelajaran Daring di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri
Authors: Aini Ivvatul Ihda Qurrotul , Santoso Djoko Budi , Indreswari Henny
Published: October 2022

Abstract: This study aims to determine: (1) the level of parental social support at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (2) the level of student learning saturation during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (3) the relationship between parental social support and student learning saturation during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of descriptive correlational research. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Sampling using proportional stratified ramdom sampling technique with a total sample of 139 people. The data were obtained using the parental social support scale and the learning saturation scale. The scale has met the validity and reliability tests. The data collected were analyzed with the help of the IBM SPSS Version 26 program. The results showed that: (1) the level of social support from parents of students was in the moderate category with a percentage of 66.9 percent, (2) the level of student learning saturation was in the medium category with the percentage of 82.0 percent, and (3) there is a significant negative relationship between parental social support and student learning saturation, during online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, with a significance value of 0.000 which means that the significant value is less than 0 0.05 (0.000 less than 0.05) and a correlation value of -0.563.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) tingkat dukungan sosial orang tua di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (2) tingkat kejenuhan belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, (3) hubungan antara dukungan sosial orang tua dengan kejenuhan belajar siswa selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII siswa SMP Negeri 1 Jabung. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional stratified ramdom sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 139 orang. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan skala dukungan sosial orang tua dan skala kejenuhan belajar. Skala tersebut sudah memenuhi uji validitas dan uji reabilitas. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan bantuan program IBM SPSS Versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat dukungan sosial orang tua siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 66,9 persen, (2) tingkat kejenuhan belajar siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan persentase sebesar 82,0 persen, dan (3) terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial orang tua dengan kejenuhan belajar siswa, selama pembelajaran daring di SMP Negeri 1 Jabung, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 yang dapat diartikan bahwa nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000 kurang dari 0,05) dan nilai kolerasi sebesar -0,563.
CAPTAÇÃO DE RECURSOS EXTRAORÇAMENTÁRIOS NA UFAM: UM ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE
Authors: Da Fonseca Karoane Leitao , Cerquinho Kleomara Gomes
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a viabilidade administrativa de captação de recursos extra orçamentários na Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa descritiva, de campo e aplicada, por meio do instrumento de observação direta. A revisão de literatura abordou os temas de orçamento público, das receitas e despesas públicas, assim como os recursos orçamentários. Foram analisados os dados do site do SIMEC comprovando que no período pesquisado as UF’s receberam mais recursos é valido que comparando as universidades federais ao longo dos anos por região, como nordeste e sudeste destacaram a região norte teve visibilidade no último ano analisados Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa evidenciam a viabilidade administrativa, concretizada pelo aumento de 20% de recebimento de recursos de TED.
Evaluation of preliminary anti-microbial efficacy of curcumin and chitosan nanoparticles with and without photoactivation against – An invitro study
Authors: Kubasad Sheetal , Tamase Aishwarya S. , Kadam Kritika K
Published: October 2022

: The success of endodontic treatment lies in adequate debridement of the root canal. There are various microorganisms responsible for the failure of root canal treatment, one among them is . Sodium hypochlorite is considered as the gold standard. Since it has various disadvantages newer irrigants like Curcumin and Chitosan nanoparticles have been tried.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary anti-microbial efficacy of Curcumin and Chitosan nanoparticles with and without photoactivation against

: The antimicrobial activity of Curcumin, Chitosan nanoparticles with and without Photoactivation, Saline and Sodium hypochlorite was assessed. MIC was done with serial dilution method, incubated for 48-72 hours and observed for turbidity.MBC was done from the MIC dilutions tubes, first 3 tubes were plated, incubated for 24 hrs and the colony was counted.  For Time kill assay broth with the compound was mixed, plated and inoculated at 1hr, 2hrs and 4hrsinterval and colony count was noted.

Results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test.

Photoactivated Curcumin has shown the best antimicrobial results as compared to Curcumin, Chitosan nanoparticles (photoactivated and nonphotoactivated) and 3% Sodium hypochlorite.

: Curcumin with and without photo activation and Chitosan nanoparticles can be considered as an alternate endodontic irrigants against sodium hypochlorite.