bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of New Therapeutics to Meet the Current Challenge of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Sheikh Bashir A. , Bhat Basharat A. , Mehraj Umar , Mir Wajahat , Hamadani Suhail , Mir Manzoor A.
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is a prominent infective disease and a major reason of mortality/
morbidity globally. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a long-lasting latent infection in a significant
proportion of human population. The increasing burden of tuberculosis is mainly caused due to multi
drug-resistance. The failure of conventional treatment has been observed in large number of cases.
Drugs that are used to treat extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis are expensive, have limited efficacy,
and have more side effects for a longer duration of time and are often associated with poor prognosis.
To regulate the emergence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
and totally drug resistant tuberculosis, efforts are being made to understand the genetic/molecular basis
of target drug delivery and mechanisms of drug resistance. Understanding the molecular approaches
and pathology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through whole genome sequencing may further help in
the improvement of new therapeutics to meet the current challenge of global health. Understanding
cellular mechanisms that trigger resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may expose immune
associates of protection, which could be an important way for vaccine development, diagnostics,
and novel host-directed therapeutic strategies. The recent development of new drugs and combinational
therapies for drug-resistant tuberculosis through major collaboration between industry, donors, and
academia gives an improved hope to overcome the challenges in tuberculosis treatment. In this review
article, an attempt was made to highlight the new developments of drug resistance to the conventional
drugs and the recent progress in the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of drugresistant
and non-resistant cases.
A Journey through Genetic Architecture and Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Roberts Robert , Chang Chih Chao
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

To halt the spread of coronary artery disease (CAD), the number one killer in
the world, requires primary prevention. Fifty percent of all Americans are expected to experience a
cardiac event; the challenge is identifying those at risk. 40 to 60% of predisposition to CAD is genetic.
The first genetic risk variant, 9p21, was discovered in 2007. Genome-Wide Association Studies has
since discovered hundreds of genetic risk variants. The genetic burden for CAD can be expressed as a
single number, Genetic Risk Score (GRS). Assessment of GRS to risk stratify for CAD was superior
to conventional risk factors in several large clinical trials assessing statin therapy, and more recently in
a population of nearly 500,000 (UK Biobank). Studies were performed based on prospective genetic
risk stratification for CAD. These studies showed that a favorable lifestyle was associated with a 46%
reduction in cardiac events and programmed exercise, a 50% reduction in cardiac events. Genetic risk
score is superior to conventional risk factors, and is markedly attenuated by lifestyle changes and drug
therapy. Genetic risk can be determined at birth or any time thereafter.

Conclusion:

Utilizing the GRS to risk stratify young, asymptomatic individuals could provide a paradigm
shift in the primary prevention of CAD and significantly halt its spread.
Herbal Extracts with Antifungal Activity against Candida albicans: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hsu Hsuan , Sheth Chirag C. , Veses Veronica
Published: June 2020

In the era of antimicrobial resistance, fungal pathogens are not an exception. Several strategies,
including antimicrobial stewardship programs and high throughput screening of new drugs, are
being implemented. Several recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of plant compounds
with antifungal activity. In this systematic review, we examine the use of natural compounds as a possible
avenue to fight fungal infections produced by Candida albicans, the most common human fungal
pathogen. Electronic literature searches were conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and
Science Direct limited to the 5 years. A total of 131 articles were included, with 186 plants extracts
evaluated. Although the majority of the natural extracts exhibited antifungal activities against C. albicans
(both in vivo and in vitro), the strongest antifungal activity was obtained from Lawsonia inermis,
Pelargonium graveolens, Camellia sinensis, Mentha piperita, and Citrus latifolia. The main components
with proven antifungal activities were phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, thymol, and flavonoids
(especially catechin), polyphenols such as tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The incorporation
of nanotechnology greatly enhances the antifungal properties of these natural compounds. Further research
is needed to fully characterize the composition of all herbal extracts with antifungal activity as
well as the mechanisms of action of the active compounds.
Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances and Hopes
Authors: Zhang Chen-Hao , Li Ming , Lin You-Pei , Gao Qiang
Published: June 2020

The majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced
stage that can only benefit from systemic treatments. Although HCC is highly treatmentresistant,
significant achievements have been made in the molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy
of HCC. In addition to regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab were approved for the second-
line targeted treatment by the FDA after disease progression on sorafenib. Nivolumab failed to
demonstrate remarkable benefit in overall survival (OS) as first-line therapy, while pembrolizumab
did not achieve pre-specified statistical significance in both OS and progression-free survival (PFS) as
second-line treatment. Combinations of targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors and other interventions
showed favorable results. In this review, we summarized the progress of systemic therapy
in HCC and discussed the future directions of the treatment of HCC.
Application of a Novel Metallomics Tool to Probe the Fate of Metal-Based Anticancer Drugs in Blood Plasma: Potential, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Sarpong-Kumankomah Sophia , Gailer Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Although metallodrugs are used to treat a variety of human disorders and exhibit a remarkable
diversity of therapeutic properties, they constitute only a tiny minority of all medicinal drugs that
are currently on the market. This undesirable situation must be partially attributed to our general lack of
understanding the fate of metallodrugs in the extremely ligand-rich environment of the bloodstream. The
challenge of gaining insight into these bioinorganic processes can be overcome by the application of
‘metallomics tools’, which involve the analysis of biological fluids (e.g., blood plasma) with a separation
method in conjunction with multi-element specific detectors. To this end, we have developed a metallomics
tool that is based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) hyphenated to an inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). After the successful application of SEC-ICPAES
to analyze plasma for endogenous copper, iron and zinc-metalloproteins, it was subsequently applied
to probe the metabolism of a variety of metal-based anticancer drugs in plasma. The versatility of
this metallomics tool is exemplified by the fact that it has provided insight into the metabolism of individual
Pt-based drugs, the modulation of the metabolism of cisplatin by sulfur-containing compounds,
the metabolism of two metal-based drugs that contain different metals as well as a bimetallic anticancer
drug, which contained two different metals. After adding pharmacologically relevant doses of metallodrugs
to plasma, the temporal analysis of aliquots by SEC-ICP-AES allows to observe metal-protein
adducts, metallodrug-derived degradation products and the parent metallodrug(s). This unique capability
allows to obtain comprehensive insight into the fate of metal-based drugs in plasma and can be extended
to in vivo studies. Thus, the application of this metallomics tool to probe the fate of novel metalcomplexes
that exert the desired biological activity in plasma has the potential to advance more of these
to animal/preclinical studies to fully explore the potential that metallodrugs inherently offer.
Synthesis of New Cyanopyridine Scaffolds and their Biological Activities
Authors: Alhakamy Nabil A. , Noor Ahmad O. , Hosny Khaled M. , Nasr Jenny Jeehan , Fouda Moustafa M.G. , Khattab Tawfik A. , Gaffer Hatem E.
Published: June 2020

Background:

3-Cyanopyridine analogues are significant moieties with a variety of biological effects
such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents. In addition, they could be applied in
the treatment of several diseases.

Objective:

The study conducted cyclo-addition of 3a-e derivatives with malononitrile to yield the corresponding
6-(4-((3-cyano-pyridinyl) amino) phenyl)-4-phenylnicotinonitriles 4a-e.

Materials and Methods:

Physical and spectral analyses were performed to demonstrate the proper structures of
all incorporated analogues. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the preps derivatives was investigated by testing
them with a panel of pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi. The anti-tuberculosis activity was observed against
the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. When examining cytotoxic agents for four different cell lines, researchers
found that their activity was persuasive compared with that of standard antibiotics. In addition, the antioxidant
activity of the synthesized analogues was evaluated using the DPPH method.

Results and Discussions:

The synthesized analogues were examined to determine their activity against the M.
tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Derivatives 2c, 2e, 3d and 3e had good inhibition. Further screening was done for the
highest potency against M. tuberculosis to determine the MICs. The antioxidant efficacy was evaluated via the
DPPH technique matched with vitamin C as a positive control. The prospective results showed that the derivatives
did not display scavenging efficacies in comparison with the standard.

Conclusion:

Some synthesized derivatives displayed good potency against bacterial activity and M. Tuberculosis.
However, the antioxidant performance of these derivatives did not display scavenging efficacies compared to vitamin
C. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized derivatives was examined against various cell lines to display
good cytotoxic activity in the order 4a-e > 2a-e > 3a-b.
A Rapid Method for the Determination of Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine in Urine by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Kul Aykut , Ozdemir Murat , Ozilhan Selma , Sagirli Olcay
Published: June 2020

Background:

Buprenorphine is quite common in the illicit market. Buprenorphinecontaining
drug abuse is frequently encountered in patients. The analysis methods used to determine
the abuse of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine are important for forensic science. Buprenorphine is
metabolized to norbuprenorphine by the liver.

Objective:

Therefore, the determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in urine is one of the methods to
determine the abuse of buprenorphine.

Methods:

In this study, we developed a precise, simple, and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-
tandem mass spectrometer method for the determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine
simultaneously.

Results:

The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity and linearity, which was in the
range of 9–1800 ng/mL for both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine. The intra-assay and inter-assay
accuracy and precision were found within acceptable limits of the EMA guideline. Lower limits of
quantitation were 9 ng/mL for both buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine.

Conclusion:

The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of both analytes in the proficiency
testing samples.
Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY
Authors: Yang Haojun , Liu Hanyang , Jiao YuWen , Qian Jun
Published: June 2020

Background:

G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic
diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
(GBP).

Methods:

Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the
obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The
levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover,
the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were
evaluated by ELISA.

Results:

The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not
tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly
affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared
with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly
affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of
PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines,
and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.
Post-Operative Evaluation of the Intra-Oral Buccal Fat Pad Removal Technique: A Prospective Study
Authors: Roman-Torres Caio , Domingues Nilton R.A.P. , Pimentel Angelica C. , Marão Heloisa F. , Sendyk Wilson R.
Published: June 2020

Background:

In recent years, the number of procedures for buccal fat pad removal has increased. In cases of thinning of the face, bite injuries or bruxism, partial removal of the corpuscle is performed, always taking into account facial harmonization.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the post-operative procedure of the removal of the BFP by pain parameters, mouth opening and presence of edema. This longitudinal cohort study was registered in clinical trials and all participants had access to the informed consent form.

Methods:

Forty BFP removal surgeries were performed with the technique of intraoral access. After the bichectomy procedure, the individuals were followed for 4, 7, 10, 15, 30, and 90 days. Visual pain scale, mouth opening measurements and clinical visual assessment were performed at all times.

Results:

We observed that the presence of edema and limited mouth opening for about 15 days were the changes most commonly found in surgeries performed. The results showed a significant decrease in painful symptoms after 15 days, regarding mouth opening, the results showed a return to normal levels after 30 days (p <0.05), the presence of edema ceased after 15 days.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the BFP removal, when performed following a precise indication, properly and with the recommendations of post-operative care, followed correctly, promotes limitation in mouth opening and painful symptoms by 15 days.

The procedure is becoming a new area for the dental surgeon, who can perform the procedure safely, reliably and with aesthetic and therapeutic results.
Acaulospora longula Increases the Content of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Fruits of Libidibia ferrea
Authors: dos Santos Emanuela L. , V. da Silva Wliana A. , Ferreira Magda R. A. , Soares Luiz Alberto , Sampaio Everardo V. de Sá Barretto , A. da Silva Francineyde , B. da Silva Fábio S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Several countries have made an association that how conventional and traditional medicines support the rational use of medicinal plants in different treatments. Brazil has stimulated the cultivation of and the development of the studies of Libidibia ferrea, a plant with medicinal properties, which are provided by the presence of bioactive compounds in its several parts, such as fruits. The synthesis of these biomolecules may increase with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation. However, there have been no previous reports about the optimization in the production of biomolecules in the fruits of mycorrhizal L. ferrea.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to define the potential advantages of inoculation with AMF by increasing the production of biomolecules and antioxidant activity in fruits of mycorrhizal L. ferrea.

Methods:

The phytochemical and mycorrhizal analyses occurred after 32 months of transplanting to the field and the plants were inoculated or not with Acaulospora longula, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Gigaspora albida and then by transplanting the seedlings to the field.

Results:

Compared to those from the control treatment, the concentration of phenols and tannins in the fruits of L. ferrea inoculated with A. longula increased 26.4% and 39.8% (p <0.05), respectively. The fruits also had higher antioxidant activity. In contrast, the concentration of phosphorus in the fruits of L. ferrea inoculated with A. longula and C. etunicatum was not incresead. Because the concentration of phosphorus in fruits was verified in this study.

Conclusion:

Mycorrhization increased the concentration of biocompounds and antioxidant activity in the fruits of L. ferrea, which is of great interest to the herbal medicine industry.
Analysis of Potential Interaction between Antiretrovirals and Comorbid Medications of HIV Patients at a Top Referral Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Nafrialdi Nafrialdi , Moulita Syelvia , Instiaty Instiaty , Yunihastuti Evy
Published: June 2020

Background:

HIV/AIDS usually present with comorbid diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, fungal infections, etc., that need multiple medications. Potential interaction between ARV and comorbid drugs is unavoidable.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the potential interaction between ARV drugs and medications used to treat comorbid diseases among HIV patients at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

Methods:

This was an observational study using medical record data of 121 HIV/AIDS patients treated at the CM Hospital between January 2016 and July 2017. Potential interaction was classified as “major” if it could lead to increase or decrease of plasma drug levels which potentially result in either drug toxicity or treatment failure, or clinically significant harm to the patient; “moderate” if the interaction is not major, but with the recommendation of close monitoring. National, European, Australian, and Liverpool iChart guidelines were used for the classification of drug interactions.

Results:

Major interactions were noted in 17 (14.05%)patients. Fourteen of them received rifampicin, which potentially decreases plasma level of nevirapine (9 patients), rilpivirine (1 patient), and lopinavir/ritonavir (4 patients). Potential increase of ARV level was found in 3 patients involving interaction between voriconazole-efavirenz (2) and omeprazole-rilpivirine (1). Moderate interaction with the potential decrease of ARV level occurred in 46 patients (38.01%); consisting of a combination of rifampicin with efavirenz (38 pts), rifampicin with zidovudine (6 pts), and phenytoin with efavirenz or nevirapine (2 patients).

Conclusion:

Potential major interaction occurred in 17 (14.05%), which mostly attributed to rifampicin use; while moderate interaction occurred in 46 (38.01%) of patients. Although no serious adverse event was observed in this study, special care should be taken when the drugs with potential major interaction are to be administered
The Homeless, Inmates and Refugees in Africa in the Face of COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Atiba Bamidele Paul , A Mbokazi Jabu , Hyera Francis Leonard Mpotte
Published: June 2020

Total well-being and care for the vulnerable, especially the homeless, inmates, and refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic, is one of the barometers to measure Africa's response. Hence in the light of this scenario, our comment is on their care during this devastating period. We compared what is currently being done in the western world with what the African countries are doing. We have posed particular challenges with the welfare packages, the implementation of physical distances, good hygiene practices, limited access to screening and testing of COVID-19, as the outbreak invasion could be overwhelming if there is no intervention to bridge this gap. There is, therefore, an urgent need to consider welfare packages, an optimum hygiene environment, decongestion, and mass screening and testing for these groups of individuals, as they also have equal human rights to be protected during this pandemic.
The Role of Nano-ophthalmology in Treating Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Natesan Subramanian , Boddu Sai H.S. , Krishnaswami Venkateshwaran , Shahwan Moyad
Published: June 2020

:

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common multifactorial disease linked to the tears/ocular
surface leading to eye discomfort, ocular surface damage, and visual disturbance. Antiinflammatory
agents (steroids and cyclosporine A), hormonal therapy, antibiotics, nerve growth
factors, essential fatty acids are used as treatment options of DED. Current therapies attempt to
reduce the ocular discomfort by producing lubrication and stimulating gland/nerve(s) associated
with tear production, without providing a permanent cure for dry eye. Nanocarrier systems
show a great promise to revolutionize drug delivery in DED, offering many advantages such as
site specific and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. This review presents an overview,
pathophysiology, prevalence and etiology of DED, with an emphasis on preclinical and clinical
studies involving the use of nanocarrier systems in treating DED.

Lay Summary:

Lay Summary: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease associated with tear deficiency
or excessive tear evaporation. There are several review articles that summarize DED, disease
symptoms, causes and treatment approaches. Nanocarrier systems show a great promise to
revolutionize drug delivery in DED, offering many advantages such as site specific and sustained
delivery of therapeutic agents. Very few review articles summarize the findings on the
use of nanotherapeutics in DED. In this review, we have exclusively discussed the preclinical
and clinical studies of nanotherapeutics in DED therapy. This information will be attractive to
both academic and pharmaceutical industry researchers working in DED therapeutics.
Intravenous Oxytocin versus Intramuscular Oxytocin for the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ebada Mahmoud Ahmed , Elmatboly Abdelmagid M. , Baligh Galal
Published: June 2020

Background:

Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the primary causes of maternal
mortality and morbidity during the third stage of labor. Oxytocin is the gold standard uterotonic
agent for the prevention of PPH.

Objective:

We aimed to compare the efficacy of oxytocin administered Intramuscularly (IM) or
Intravenously (IV) for the preventive management of PPH.

Methods:

We searched six databases for relevant clinical trials evaluating the administration of oxytocin
for the prevention against PPH through July 2019. Data on blood loss, PPH (≥500 ml), severe
PPH (≥1000 ml), blood transfusion, the change in hemoglobin, the use of additional uterotonics, and
the incidence of retained placenta were extracted and pooled in a meta-analysis model using
RevMan version 5.3.

Results:

Seven studies with a total of 6996 participants were included. IM oxytocin group was
associated with higher incidence rates of PPH (≥500 ml) (RR=1.35; p=0.003), severe PPH (≥1000
ml) (RR=1.58; p=0.04), and blood transfusion (RR=2.43; p=0.005). In terms of blood loss, the IV
route was superior to the IM route (SMD= 0.15; p=0.00001). However, we observed no statistically
significant difference between the two routes regarding the change in Hb (SMD=-0.02; p=0.72) and
the use of additional uterotonics (RR=0.96, p= 0.94).

Conclusion:

IV oxytocin infusion is maybe superior to IM injection for the management of PPH.
Further studies with larger sample sizes are still needed to support these findings.
Relación entre calidad de escritura y rasgos lingüístico-discursivos en las introducciones de los trabajos finales de grado de ingenierı́a civil informática
Authors: Lillo Fuentes Fernando Gabriel , Venegas René
Published: June 2020

En este artı́culo nos proponemos relacionar la calidad de la escritura con un amplio conjunto de rasgos lingüı́sticos y discursivos presentes en introducciones de los trabajos finales de grado de Ingenierı́a civil informática.

Para ello se evaluaron 101 introducciones, utilizando una rúbrica diseñada para este efecto. Se realiza un estudio correlacional entre la evaluación de la calidad y 203 variables léxicas, de extensión, sintácticas y discursivas. Luego, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal con el fin de identificar variables predictoras de la calidad de las introducciones.

Entre nuestros hallazgos destacamos que la extensión (promedio de palabras) presenta una relación negativa fuerte con la calidad de la introducción, a su vez el uso de conectores conclusivos y la complejidad sintáctica se correlacionan de manera positiva con la calidad de las introducciones. Ası́ también, el cumplimiento de propósitos comunicativos, en particular la indicación del vacı́o, presenta correlaciones positivas medias con la calidad del escrito. Con el análisis de regresión se pudo identificar que las tres primeras variables tienen valores estadı́sticos significativos para predecir las calidad de la introducción de acuerdo a los valores promedio de evaluación asignada por los evaluadores. Estos resultados son de interés para aplicaciones computacionales de apoyo a la escritura académica.
Periodização automática
Authors: Santos Diana , Pires Emanoel , Freitas Cláudia , Fuão Rebeca Schumacher , Lopes João Marques
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo usamos um conjunto de características sintático-semânticas da língua portuguesa para classificar em períodos literários dois conjuntos de obras. Em que medida tais características são capazes de refletir distinções relevantes no âmbito dos estudos literários é uma das questões que pretendemos investigar.

O primeiro grupo de obras corresponde à replicação do trabalho relatado em 2009 por Barufaldi et al., que usaram métodos de compressão de dados sobre uma série de obras brasileiras classificadas em quatro períodos literários: barroco, arcadismo, romantismo e realismo, desde o Padre António Vieira até Raul Pompéia, contabilizando 15 autores diferentes e totalizando 37 obras.

O segundo grupo inclui muito mais obras (192), tanto portuguesas como brasileiras, mas apenas integra romances ou novelas publicadas no período de 1840 a 1919. As escolas literárias escolhidas foram o realismo, o romantismo, o simbolismo, o naturalismo, o decadentismo e o modernismo, mas, ao contrário da classificação anterior, permitimos que uma mesma obra pertença a várias escolas.

Usamos técnicas de classificação em R para a primeira tarefa, e análise de correspondências para a segunda. Também aplicamos técnicas de modelos de tópicos à segunda coleção para ver se é possível obter tópicos representativos de escolas literárias diferentes.
Contraponto ao reducionismo “grafite versus pichação” em São Paulo, capital
Authors: Zibordi Marcos
Published: June 2020

Pretende-se problematizar a propalada divisão entre grafites e pichações em São Paulo,
capital, maior cidade brasileira, onde existiriam duas manifestações visuais diferentes, com
praticantes exclusivos, sendo o grafite sempre colorido, autorizado pelo dono do suporte e positivo
para a paisagem, enquanto à pichação caberia poluir a cidade com letras pretas, crípticas
e indecifráveis, atitude criminalizável. Pretendemos demonstrar, ao contrário, confluências de
processos de modelização poética em “imagens isoladas”, “sequências” e “quadros” de grafites
e pichações em todas as regiões da capital paulista. Após uma primeira etnografia em busca
dessas imagens em diferentes períodos entre 2011 e 2015, para a pesquisa de doutoramento,
captamos registros fotográficos inéditos em setembro de 2019, aos quais relacionaremos a base
teórica semiótica e estrutural (Lotman, 1978; Todorov, 1969, 1971, 1980) e o referencial da epistemologia
complexa (Morin, 2013, 2008).
Pengaruh regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa di sekolah dasar
Authors: Purwaningsih Arifah Yuli , Herwin Herwin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan siswa terhadap kemandirian siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis ex-post facto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Kepatihan Purworejo, SD Negeri Sebomenggalan, SD Negeri 2 Baledono, Kecamatan Purworejo, Kabupaten Purworejo. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 56 orang siswa yang dipilih secara random. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan sakala psikologi serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial melalui analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi diri secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa; kedisiplinan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa; serta regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa.
Efficiency of organ-saving operations conducted about early postpartum uterine bleeding and their influence on the quality of women’s lives
Authors: Khayrullina G, R. , Druzhkova E. B. , Fatkullina L. S. , Fatkullin F. I. , Budyak Y. V.
Published: June 2020

Objective: to study the long-term eff ects of massive blood loss in parturition and the early postpartum period on the reproductive function and psychological status of women.

Materials and methods: the study included 49 women who were imposed compressive hemostatic sutures in the uterus due to the development of early postpartum hemorrhage. It was carried out a retrospective

analysis of medical records, prospective survey - 46 women, tested scales postpartum depression - 46 women and assessment of quality of life using the SF-36 scales - 36 women.

Results: the effi ciency of the compression joints method was 98 % (100 % exclusion criteria were coagulopathic obstetric bleeding), in 1 case the application of compression joints was ineff ective, which required uterus extirpation. In 14 women out of 48 (29.1 %), menstrual irregularities were revealed. In 28 (61.5 %) women, postnatal depression was confi rmed. In 30 out of 36 (87 %) women were found to decrease in quality of life. In 8 (16.7 %) women, a recurrent spontaneous pregnancy occurred within 2 years aft er suturing.

Conclusion. Compression sutures remain an effective method for stopping postpartum uterine bleeding, allowing women to maintain fertility. However, some factors, including high blood loss, can signifi cantly reduce the quality of women’s lives.
The role of high performance liquid chromatography in the functional state of the adrenal glands before and after surgical treatment for corticosteroma
Authors: Buinova M. O. , Vorokhobina N. V. , Velikanova L. I. , Strelnikova E. G. , Baranov V. L.
Published: June 2020

Objective: It is to evaluate the functional state of the adrenal cortex after surgical treatment in patients with corticosteromas for optimize of tactic of postoperative management.

Materials and methods: We examined 143 patients (43 men and 100 women) aged 51.3 ± 10.1 years with incidentaloma of adrenal glands and 27 healthy peopels (control group) aged 45.5 ± 5.7 years. Cushing's syndrome was detected in 22 patients, autonomous cortisol secretion was detected in 43. All patients had an analysis of the complaints, objective, laboratory and instrumental data in the preoperative and early postoperative periods. Assessment of levels glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones in biological fluids was carried out by immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography.

Results: The signs of adrenal cortex insufficiency in the early postoperative period were obtained in 77.3% of patients with Cushing's syndrome and in 25% of patients with autonomous cortisol secretion according to immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography. An increase of level of corticosterone in the serum of blood in the preoperative period indicate the possibility development of adrenal insufficiency in the early postoperative period in all patients. Аn increase of levels of 11-deoxycortisol and 18-OH-corticosteronein in the serum of blood аnd urinary excretion of free cortisone, 18-OH-corticosterone and 6β-hydroxycortisol indicate the possibility development of adrenal insufficiency in the early postoperative period in patients with Cushing's syndrome.

Conclusions: The determination of cortisol and aldosterone precursors by high performance liquid chromatography increases the accuracy of the diagnosis of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex in patients with Cushing's syndrome and with autonomous cortisol secretion in the early postoperative period.
Artificial Intelligence Education and Tools for Medical and Health Informatics Students: Systematic Review
Authors: Sapci A Hasan , Sapci H Aylin
Published: June 2020

Background

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine will generate numerous application possibilities to improve patient care, provide real-time data analytics, and enable continuous patient monitoring. Clinicians and health informaticians should become familiar with machine learning and deep learning. Additionally, they should have a strong background in data analytics and data visualization to use, evaluate, and develop AI applications in clinical practice.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the current state of AI training and the use of AI tools to enhance the learning experience.

Methods

A comprehensive systematic review was conducted to analyze the use of AI in medical and health informatics education, and to evaluate existing AI training practices. PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines were followed. The studies that focused on the use of AI tools to enhance medical education and the studies that investigated teaching AI as a new competency were categorized separately to evaluate recent developments.

Results

This systematic review revealed that recent publications recommend the integration of AI training into medical and health informatics curricula.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review exploring the current state of AI education in both medicine and health informatics. Since AI curricula have not been standardized and competencies have not been determined, a framework for specialized AI training in medical and health informatics education is proposed.
Tisagenlecleucel versus historical standard therapies for pediatric relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ma Qiufei , Zhang Jie , O'Brien Elliott , Martin Amber L , Agostinho Andrea Chassot
Published: June 2020

Aim:
We compared outcomes from a single-arm study of tisagenlecleucel with standard of care (SOC) regimens in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methods:
The analysis included one tisagenlecleucel study, one blinatumomab study, one clofarabine monotherapy study, three studies of clofarabine combination regimens and two studies of other salvage chemotherapy. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison analyses were conducted.
Results:
After adjusting for baseline characteristics, tisagenlecleucel was associated with significantly prolonged overall survival compared with blinatumomab (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.32 [0.16–0.64]); clofarabine monotherapy (0.24 [0.13–0.42]); clofarabine combination regimens (0.26 [0.15–0.45]); two salvage therapies (0.15 [0.09–0.25] and 0.27 [0.15–0.49]).
Conclusion:
The analysis demonstrated tisagenlecleucel was associated with substantially greater survival benefit versus all SOC regimens.
Usos de TIC y software especializado en la investigación cualitativa. Un panorama
Authors: Giraldo Ramírez María Elena , Álvarez Cadavid Gloria M. , Navarro Plazas Clemencia Del Pilar
Published: June 2020

Este artículo forma parte de la investigación “Usos y apropiación de TIC en las prácticas investigativas cualitativas y en los procesos de formación investigativa en educación superior”. Lo que aquí se presenta es el resultado de la primera fase referente a la revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, en los aspectos epistemológicos, metodológicos y prácticos de la mediación tecnológica en la investigación cualitativa. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los hallazgos encontrados en la literatura acerca de las discusiones, perspectivas y experiencias sobre los usos de TIC y de software especializado tipo CAQDAS en las prácticas investigativas cualitativas.El análisis realizado parte de una caracterización de la producción bibliográfica recopilada, en donde se analizan aspectos como la frecuencia de publicación, los autores, idiomas, temáticas, entre otros asuntos. Los hallazgos más significativos revelan poca referencia al uso de TIC en las fases iniciales de los procesos investigativos, siendo los más recurrentes los gestores bibliográficos. Las herramientas tipo CAQDAS se siguen usando, fundamentalmente, en fases de análisis de datos; son pocos los usos específicos, identificados para actividades como la revisión de literatura conducente a construcción de estados del arte, o enfocados a apoyar el diseño de la investigación.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Tindakan Pencegahan Gangguan Fungsional Pernapasan pada UMKM Pengrajin Mebel
Authors: Novianus Cornelis , Inaku Awaluddin Hidayat Ramli , Muzakir Haris
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Industri mebel khususnya pada tahapan produksi mebel mempunyai risiko terhadap kesehatan pekerja yang cukup besar berupa partikulat debu kayu dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsional saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan bawah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan tindakan pencegahan gangguan fungsional pernapasan pada pekerja UMKM Mebel di Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, alat pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik proposional random sampling berdasarkan wilayah Kecamatan yang ada di Jakarta Timur dengan jumlah sampel yang didapat 107 pekerja pada UMKM mebel. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan tindakan pencegahan gangguan fungsional pernapasan yaitu pengetahuan dengan p value 0,014, sikap dengan p value 0,019, pendidikan dengan p value 0,030. Sedangkan variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan tindakan pencegahan gangguan fungsional pernapasan yaitu umur dengan p value 0,220 dan masa kerja dengan p value 0,999. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sebagian besar pekerja UMKM mebel dari segi pengetahuan, sikap, pendidikan dan tindakannya dalam pencegahan gangguan fungsional pernapasan sudah cukup baik. Rekomendasi untuk para pekerja mebel hendaknya dapat meningkatkan tindakan pencegahan gangguan fungsional pernapasan melalui memakai masker partikel secara disiplin, memasang yang sesuai panduan dan menggunakan masker partikel yang kondisinya layak pakai.

Kata Kunci: pengetahuan, sikap, pekerja mebel, tindakan pencegahan gangguan pernapasan.
Diseño de comida como fuente de innovación social
Authors: Potosí Benavides Christian Camilo , Muñoz Guachavez Danny Arley , Cordoba-Cely Carlos
Published: June 2020

El enfoque denominado, Diseño de Comida (Food Design), es una nueva perspectiva creativa por medio de la cual es posible obtener resultados en tres pilares específicos: i) Diseño de comida, centrado en la innovación de nuevos productos gastronómicos; ii) Diseño para la comida, centrado en la innovación de nuevos utensilios que mejoren la experiencia gastronómica, y iii) Diseño sobre la comida, centrado en el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing inspirados en el acervo cultural gastronómico de una comunidad. El presente artículo presenta los resultados de aplicar este enfoque creativo en dos productos gastronómicos de Nariño (Colombia): el Cuy Asado y el Dulce de Mora Silvestre.

Los prototipos muestran una serie de alternativas creativas para la diversificación de productos gastronómicos regionales. Así, en el diseño para la comida, sepresenta un nuevo formato de postre para el Dulce de Mora, en el diseño con la comida se presenta una alternativa de presentación del Cuy Asado, y para eldiseño sobre la comida se presenta una estrategia de comercialización que rompe el concepto tradicional del Cuy como ícono regional gastronómico. Se discute la importancia de identificar, promover y diseñar nuevas experiencias alimentarias como herramienta de promoción cultural.
Propuesta de un modelo de apoyo al emprendimiento que genera sinergia con la innovación social
Authors: Grisales Ocampo Héctor Fabio
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación muestra los avances obtenidos frente a los primeros pasos de una propuesta que se denominará un modelo para apoyar a los emprendedores, adelantado en la Corporación Universitaria para el Desarrollo Empresarial y Social (CUDES), con una muestra de 100 estudiantes, pertenecientes a los programas de la Institución Universitaria y que pretende identificar aspectos que logren mejorar su posterior implementación. La investigación es de carácter descriptivo, se emplearon encuestas, entrevistas y trabajos de aula para recolectar la información y sus resultados nos brindan aportes valiosos de la propuesta del modelo que denominamos Sinermarketing, para CUDES y los estudiantes como futuros emprendedores. Sinermarketing se recrea en el ambiente educativo para que los estudiantes desarrollen competencias y apliquen sus conocimientos en temas relacionados con el emprendimiento, innovación social, principios, valores, respeto por su entorno, y creación de empresa. El modelo no es exclusivo y puede ser aplicado en cualquier institución de educación. A medida que los estudiantes van avanzando en sus estudios, se debe continuar con el acompañamiento para lograr el objetivo de entregar a la sociedad emprendedores y empresarios innovadores. De acuerdo con lo anterior, para facilitar la gestión del emprendimiento y el desarrollo de la innovación social en la institución que se adelantó el estudio, se propone un modelo que articule las áreas internas de emprendimiento e investigación en beneficio de toda la comunidad de estudiantes y su entorno, logrando así fortalecer al emprendedor naciente a no desistir en su intento.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE IN A SHARIA MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION: AN EVALUATION BASED ON COBIT 5 FRAMEWORK
Authors: Khusna Zayyinatul , Ali Syaiful
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to analyze the implementation of Information Technology (IT) management and to measure the level of IT management in Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT (Saving-Loan Cooperation and Sharia Financial Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil) using the COBIT framework 5. Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT is one of the Sharia Micro Finance Institutions in Central Java. The process capability model in COBIT 5 was used to measure the level of IT management in Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT. This research applied a qualitative approach using interviews and documentation to collect data. The results show that Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT has implemented the management process and met all the process domains in the COBIT 5 framework. Also, the level of IT governance at Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT is currently at level 3 (established process), the defined process level. Overall, the management process can only reach the level of "largely achieved" (L) so that it makes assessment unable to proceed to the next level, which is the deployment process. The results are expected to provide information and input to Bina Ummat Sejahtera KSPPS BMT in optimizing the implementation of its IT management.==================================================================================================Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi pada Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah: Evaluasi Berdasarkan Kerangka COBIT 5. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan tata kelola Teknologi Informasi (TI) dan mengukur tingkat pengelolaan TI pada KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera dengan menggunakan framework COBIT 5. KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera adalah salah satu Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah di Jawa Tengah. Model kapabilitas proses dalam COBIT 5 digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat pengelolaan TI pada KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera telah menerapkan proses tata kelola dan memenuhi semua domain proses pada framework COBIT 5. Selanjutnya, tingkat pengelolaan TI pada KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera saat ini berada pada level 3 established process tingkat proses definisi. Pada tingkat proses definisi secara keseluruhan proses tata kelola hanya dapat dicapai sebagian besar atau largely achieved (L), sehingga penilaian tidak dapat dilanjutkan pada tingkat selanjutnya yaitu proses penyebaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan masukan kepada KSPPS BMT Bina Ummat Sejahtera dalam mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan tata kelola TI.
Chest Wall Abscess with Bone Invasion in Infant after BCG Vaccination
Authors: Shin Dong Seok , Choi Min Hyub , Choi Woo Young , Cheon Ji Seon , Son Kyung Min
Published: June 2020

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a safe live vaccine mainly administered to infants to prevent tuberculosis; complications rarely occur after administration of the BCG vaccine. Herein, we report the case of an infant who developed a rare complication of a tuberculous abscess in the chest wall and osteomyelitis in the ribs after administration of the BCG vaccine at 1 month of age. An 11-month-old male infant was admitted to the hospital due to a palpable mass in the right anterolateral chest area detected about a month before hospitalization, with no tenderness, erythema, or lymphadenopathy. After thoracic computed tomography and ultrasonography, the cause of the abscess was suspected to be mycobacterial infection and the abscess was removed under general anesthesia. Chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis was detected through a biopsy, and polymerase chain reaction was performed and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected. However, staining for acid-fast bacteria and microbiological cultures were negative. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with a tuberculous abscess and osteomyelitis in the chest wall owing to administration of the BCG vaccine. After being medicated with isoniazid and rifampicin for 6 months, the patient was successfully treated.
Ulcerative Skin Metastasis Lesion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bae Jaehyun , Jun Dongkeun , Kim Jeenam , Choi Hyungon , Shin Donghyeok , Park Jin Hee , Kim Wan-Seop , Lee Myungchul
Published: June 2020

Venous ulcers, ischemic wounds and skin lesions from autoimmune diseases are some examples of unhealing wounds. Practitioners treating such wounds should consider the possibility of skin metastasis of neoplasms, especially in patients with cancer. Treatment of cutaneous metastasis in cancer must include both surgical resection and chemotherapy. Here we present a patient who had lung cancer with skin metastasis. Though incidence of metastasis from lung cancer is known to be as low as 1% to 12%, its prognosis is poor. Also, the clinical features of these skin lesions tend to vary, often resulting in them being misdiagnosed as benign lesions. The diagnosis of malignancy for this particular case was delayed. After the metastatic lesion was diagnosed as such, surgical resection was performed and the defect caused by wide excision was covered by a superior gluteal artery perforator flap. Though the patient was administered an anticancer drug, the wound healed well after the operation.