bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Mining Approach for Customer Segmentation
Authors: Jaiswal Anshumala
Published: June 2021

In Marketing world, rapidly increasing competition makes it difficult to sustain in this field, marketers have to take decisions that satisfy their customers. Growth of an organization is highly depended on right decisions by the organization. For that, they have to collect deep knowledge about their customer's needs. Substantial amount of data of customers is collected daily. To manage such a huge data is not a piece of cake. An idea is to segment customers in different groups and go through each group and find the potential group among pool of customers. If it is done manually, it will require lot of human efforts and also consume lot of time. For reducing the human efforts, machine learning plays an important role. One can find various patterns which is used to analyze customers database using machine learning algorithms. Using clustering technique, customers can be segmented on the basis of some similarities. One of the best procedures for clustering technique is by using K-means algorithm. The k-means clustering algorithm is one of the widely used data clustering methods where the datasets having “n” data points are partitioned into “k” groups or cluster [1].in this paper. K is number of clusters or groups or segments and elbow method is used for determining value of K.
Diversidad genética de gallinas criollas en valles centrales de Oaxaca usando marcadores microsatélites
Authors: Luis-Chincoya Hector , Herrera-Haro José Guadalupe , Santacruz-Varela Amalio , Jerez-Salas Martha Patricia , Hernández-Garay Alfonso
Published: June 2021

Las poblaciones de gallinas criollas en explotaciones en pequeña escala poseen una gran diversidad y son parte del reservorio genético avícola en México; además, constituyen una importante fuente de proteína para las familias del medio rural. Con el propósito de conocer la variabilidad genética de poblaciones de gallinas criollas en la región central de Oaxaca, se tomaron muestras de sangre de 109 gallinas criollas, provenientes de 17 poblaciones y de 30 gallinas Plymouth Rock como testigos. Se usaron 10 marcadores de tipo microsatélites, con los que se detectó un total de 109 alelos, con 10.9 ± 3.1 alelos por locus en promedio. La heterocigosidad observada (Ho) varió de 0.575 (San Lucas) a 0.750 (San Antonino 2) y la esperada (He) de 0.625 (Testigo) a 0.733 (Huixtepec 2). A nivel general se encontró un incremento en el número de heterocigotos evidenciado por un nivel de endogamia global (FIT) de 0.042; el índice FST de diferenciación entre poblaciones fue moderado (0.059) y la endogamia de individuos dentro de poblaciones (FIS) resultó negativa (-0.017), lo que indica un exceso de heterocigotos a ese nivel. El análisis de conglomerados agrupó a las poblaciones de Nazareno, ITVO, San Lucas y San Antonio, evidenciando que son poblaciones de gallinas criollas aisladas y diferenciadas genéticamente en algunas características. Esta información es importante para diseñar futuros programas de conservación, selección y multiplicación de esta especie a nivel de traspatio en la región central de Oaxaca, México.
Desempeño productivo y costos de granjas porcinas con diferentes protocolos de vacunación al virus del PRRS
Authors: Quezada-Fraide Elizabeth Araceli , Peñuelas-Rivas Claudia Giovanna , Moysén-Albarrán Frida Saraí , Trujillo-Ortega María Elena , Martínez-Castañeda Francisco Ernesto
Published: June 2021

Con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño productivo y los costos de producción por lechón destetado y cerdo finalizado en granjas porcinas con diferentes protocolos de vacunación al virus del PRRS en condiciones de campo, se analizaron los indicadores total de lechones nacidos, nacidos vivos, mortinatos, destetados, pesos al nacimiento y al destete, días de engorda y peso final así como, los costos por lechón destetado y cerdo finalizado, de dos granjas en régimen de semitecnificación: a) Protocolo 1 (P1), granja con vacunación a reproductoras y a lechones; y b) Protocolo 2 (P2), vacunación únicamente a cerdas reproductoras. Los indicadores productivos hasta el destete se evaluaron con un Diseño de Medidas repetidas en el tiempo y los de engorda con un Análisis de varianza con comparación de medias. Los costos se determinaron utilizando la fórmula general de costos. Fue posible observar diferencias en los lechones nacidos totales y momias (P<0.05) a favor del P2, de lechones destetados, pesos al nacimiento y al destete a favor del P1 y sin diferencia en el resto de variables. Los cerdos finalizados en P1 tuvieron 12 días más de engorda y un peso final de 3.13 kg más que P2. Los costos por lechón destetado fueron de $389.55 y $424.25 Pesos Mexicanos, y el costo medio por día de engorda fueron de $10.01 y $11.43, respectivamente.
Prevalencia de genes qnrB, qnrA y blaTEM en bacteriófagos atemperados de Escherichia coli aislados en agua residual y alcantarillas de rastros del Estado de Méxicoesidual y alcantarillas de rastros de la zona norte del Estado de México
Authors: Talavera-González Juan Martín , Acosta-Dibarrat Jorge , Reyes-Rodríguez Nydia Edith , Salgado-Miranda Celene , Talavera-Rojas Martín
Published: June 2021

Los genes de resistencia a los antibióticos (ARG) han sido descritos principalmente en bacterias; sin embargo, en fagos atemperados los estudios han sido escasos. En este estudio se determinó la prevalencia de los genes qnrB, qnrA y blaTEM en cepas de Escherichia coli y en fagos atemperados obtenidos por inducción del ciclo lítico en dichos aislamientos. Se recolectaron 48 muestras de agua potable, agua residual y alcantarillado en rastros del Estado de México obteniendo 37 aislamientos de E. coli. La mayor resistencia fue para tetraciclina 32/37 (86.4 %), seguido de trimetoprim-sulfametoxasol 19/37 (51.3 %) y por último ampicilina y ácido nalidíxico con el mismo número de aislamientos 18/37 (48.6 %). La prevalencia del gen blaTEM en aislamientos bacterianos fue 37.8 %, mientras que en los aislamientos fágicos fue 3.5 %.  Los genes qnrA  y  qnrB  fueron encontrado s en 8.1 % y 29.7 % respectivamente en aislamientos bacterianos, mientras que en los aislamientos fágicos fueron obtenidos 2.7 y 24.3 % respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que los ARG presentes en aislamientos bacterianos se relacionan en el ADN fágico, lo que indica el papel significativo en la propagación de ARG en los rastros estudiados. Comprender los mecanismos de resistencia a antimicrobianos, permitirá establecer medidas efectivas para disminuir este fenómeno.
Efecto de la harina de pupas y larvas de gusano de seda como componentes proteicos de la dieta sobre indicadores de rendimiento en conejos
Authors: Kowalska Dorota , Strychalski Janusz , Gugołek Andrzej
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding rabbits with silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals on their performance indicators. Ninety (90) rabbits were divided into three groups. Control group (C) was fed with 10% soybean meal (SBM), SPM group received the diet including 5 % SBM and 4 % of silkworm pupae meal, and MLM group received the diet including 5 % SBM and 4 % of mealworm larvae meal. The body weight of rabbits and average daily gains were determined. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. At the end of fattening period, the animals were euthanized, skinned and eviscerated to determine their carcasses characteristic. Hind leg and loin muscles were collected for analyses of the chemical composition. At the end of fattening period, rabbits from groups SPM and MLM were heavier than C rabbits (2,606.5 and 2,584.8 vs 2,404.0 g), which also improved their overall carcass characteristic while FCR was similar between groups. However, feeding rabbits with the addition of insect's meals increased the amount of ether extract in their muscles. Based on the results obtained, it may be concluded that SBM may be partially replaced by silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals in rabbit diets.
Rendimiento de leche derivado de energía y proteína de vacas en pastoreo recibiendo suplementos en un sistema agrosilvopastoril
Authors: Esparza-Jiménez Sherezada , Albarran Portillo Benito , González-Ronquillo Manuel , García-Martínez Anastacio , Vázquez-Armijo José Fernando , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel
Published: June 2021

Dual purpose farms southwest of the State of Mexico produce milk and calves under subtropical agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS). During the dry season, farmers supplement their cattle due to the low availability and quality of grasses, without considering, besides grasses, the contribution of woody species to dry matter intake, metabolizable energy (ME), and crude protein (CP) requirements of cows. The aim of this study was to determine milk produced from forage energy (MFe) and protein (MFp) of grazing cow with three types of supplement. First supplement consisted of cracked maize and commercial concentrate resulting on 14 % of CP (S14).  To the S14 mixture 7 % of soybean meal was added to increase CP to 16 % (S16), and commercial concentrate of 16 % CP was used as a third supplement (SC16). Six lactating cows were allocated in a 3x3 replicated Latin Square (three cows per square), three experimental periods (EP) (three weeks per EP). There were no significant effects of supplements (P=0.80) on performance variables. Mean milk yield was 6.8 kg/cow/d. Milk from forage energy and protein were 0.8 and 6.1 kg/cow/day, respectively. Mean milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was high regardless of supplement; but nitrogen in urine (44.1 mg/dL) and feces (1.4 mg/g) were higher for SC16 (P=0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Cows obtained 90 and 10 % of their CP and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and production from the agrosilvopastoral system.
Pendekatan Pluralisme Hukum dalam Studi Hukum Adat: Interaksi Hukum Adat dengan Hukum Nasional dan Internasional
Authors: Pradhani Sartika Intaning
Published: June 2021

Scientific study on adat law starts from empirical research, which finds that adat law does not stand alone but works together with other legal orders. This paper is written based on normative legal research by collecting secondary data to answer (1) how legal pluralism explains adat law and adat law community; and (2) how the application of legal pluralism approach in adat law study. The legal pluralism approach explains adat law not as an isolated/marginalized legal order but as a dynamic legal order which interacts with national and international law. From the perspective of legal pluralism, the adat law community is a semi-autonomous social field that produces rules from the interplay between the adat law community and other legal communities/institutions. Categorization of legal pluralism approach application are as follow: first, weak legal pluralism where state law recognizes adat law either by law and regulation or court decision; second, strong legal pluralism which describes through the semi-autonomous social field, shopping forum, and forum shopping concept; third, legal pluralism multi-sited which explain the relationship between legal phenomena in local, national, and international level; and elaborate the role of information, communication, and technology which bridges legal phenomenon from one to another.

Abstrak

Kajian ilmiah terhadap hukum adat berangkat dari penelitian lapangan yang menemukan bahwa hukum adat tidak pernah berdiri sendiri dan selalu berinteraksi dengan tertib hukum yang lain. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder berupa laporan-laporan penelitian dan artikel jurnal untuk untuk menjawab (1) bagaimana pendekatan pluralisme hukum menjelaskan hukum adat dan masyarakat hukum adat; dan (2) bagaiamana pendekatan pluralisme hukum digunakan dalam studi hukum adat hari ini. Pendekatan pluralisme hukum memahami hukum adat tidak sebagai suatu ketertiban hukum yang terpisah atau termarginalisasi dari ketertiban hukum yang lain, tetapi secara dinamis terus berinteraksi dengan hukum nasional maupun internasional. Dari perspektif pluralisme hukum, masyarakat hukum adat merupakan suatu wilayah sosial semi otonom yang melahirkan hukum berdasarkan hubungan saling memengaruhi dengan masyarakat hukum lain. Penerapan pendekatan pluralisme hukum dalam studi hukum adat dapat dikelompokkan dalam tiga kategori. Pertama, pluralisme hukum lemah di mana negara mengakui hukum adat baik melalui peraturan perundang-undangan maupun putusan pengadilan. Kedua, pluralisme hukum kuat yang dideskripsikan melalui konsep wilayah sosial semi-otonom, forum shopping, dan shopping forum. Terakhir, pluralisme hukum multi-sited yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan berbagai fenomena hukum antara hukum adat (lokal), nasional, dan internasional serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam menjembatani hubungan tersebut.
CanVaS: Documenting the genetic variation spectrum of Greek cancer patients
Authors: Kalfakakou Despoina , Fostira Florentia , Papathanasiou Athanasios , Apostolou Paraskevi , Dellatola Vasiliki , Gavra Ioanna , Vlachos Ioannis , Scouras Zacharias , Drosopoulou Eleni , Yannoukakos Drakoulis , Konstantopoulou Irene
Published: June 2021

National genetic variation registries vastly increase the level of
detail for the relevant population, while directly affecting patient
management. Herein, we report CanVaS, a Cancer Variation reSource aiming
to document the genetic variation of cancer patients in Greece. CanVaS
comprises germline genetic data from 7,363 Greek individuals with a
personal and/or family history of malignancy. The dataset incorporates
~24,000 functionally annotated rare variants in 97
established or suspected cancer susceptibility genes. For each variant,
allele frequency for the Greek population, interpretation for clinical
significance, anonymized family and segregation information, as well as
phenotypic traits of the carriers, are included. Moreover, information
on the geographic distribution of the variants across the country are
provided, enabling the study of Greek population isolates. Direct
comparisons between Greek (sub)populations with relevant genetic
resources is supported, allowing fine-grain localized adjustment of
guidelines and clinical decision-making. Most importantly, anonymized
data are available for download, while the Leiden Open Variation
Database schema is adopted, enabling integration/interconnection with
central resources. CanVaS could become a stepping-stone for a
countrywide effort to characterize the cancer genetic variation
landscape, concurrently supporting national and international cancer
research. The database can be accessed at:
http://ithaka.rrp.demokritos.gr/CanVaS
Information in morphological characters
Authors: Yu Congyu , Jiangzuo Qigao , Tschopp Emanuel , Wang Haibing , Norell Mark
Published: June 2021

The construction of morphological character matrices is central to
paleontological systematic study, which extracts paleontological
information from fossils. Although the word information has been
repeatedly mentioned in a wide array of paleontological systematic
studies, its meaning has rarely been clarified and there has not been a
standard to measure paleontological information due to the
incompleteness of fossils, difficulty of recognizing homologous and
homoplastic structures, etc. Here, based on information theory, we show
the deep connections between paleontological systematic study and
communication system engineering. It is information, the decrease of
uncertainty, in morphological characters that distinguishes operational
taxonomic units (OTUs) and reconstructs evolutionary history. We propose
that concepts in communication system engineering such as source coding
and channel coding correspond in paleontological studies to the
construction of diagnostic features and the entire character matrices,
which should be distinguished as how typical communication systems are
engineered because these two steps serve dual purposes. With character
matrices from six different vertebrate groups, we analyzed their
information properties including source entropy, mutual information, and
channel capacity. Estimation of channel capacity shows upper limits of
all matrices in transmitting paleontological information, indicating
that, due to the presence of noise, too many characters not only
increase the burden in character scoring, but also may decrease quality
of matrices. Information entropy, which measure how informative a
variable is, of each character is tested as a weighting criterion in
parsimony-based systematic studies, the results show high consistence
with existing knowledge with both good resolution and interpretability.
Importance of contrast transthoracic echocardiography for evaluating large right-to-left shunt in patent foramen ovale associated with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Akagi Teiji , Yokohama Fumi , Miki Takashi , Nakagawa Koji , Toh Norihisa , Ito Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Background: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an
effective therapy for preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS). The
identification of high-risk PFO, which is more likely to be linked to
CS, is essential. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of contrast
transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for evaluating large right-to-left
(RL) shunt. Methods: We enrolled 119 patients with or without CS who
were confirmed to have PFO. The severity of RL shunt evaluated by
contrast TTE and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was classified
as follows: small (<10 microbubbles), moderate (10–20
microbubbles), and large (>20 microbubbles). Results: With
contrast TTE, large RL shunt was observed in 94 (79%) of 119 patients,
including 66 of 74 with CS and 28 of 45 without CS. With contrast TEE,
large RL shunt was observed in 33 (28%) patients, including 26 with CS
and 7 without CS. Contrast TTE showed large RL shunt more frequently
than contrast TEE (P < .01). Large RL shunt evaluated by
contrast TTE had a sensitivity of 89% and an accuracy of 70% for the
association with CS, whereas large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TEE
had a sensitivity of 35% and an accuracy of 56%. Accuracy was
significantly greater in contrast TTE than in contrast TEE (P = .02).
Conclusion: Contrast TTE identified large RL shunt more frequently.
Large RL shunt evaluated by contrast TTE provided greater accuracy for
the association with CS. Our findings suggest that contrast TTE is
valuable for evaluating large RL shunt as high-risk PFO.
LTB4-Driven Inflammation and Increased Expression of ALOX5/ACE2 During Severe COVID-19 in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Bonyek-Silva Icaro , Machado Antônio Fernando Araújo , Cerqueira-Silva Thiago , Nunes Sara , Silva Cruz Márcio Rivison , Silva Jéssica , Santos Reinan Lima , Barral Aldina , Oliveira Pablo Rafael Silveira , Khouri Ricardo , Serezani C. Henrique , Brodskyn Cláudia , Caldas Juliana Ribeiro , Barral-Netto Manoel , Boaventura Viviane , Tavares Natalia Machado
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a known risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the evolution of COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes. We aimed to evaluate whether the chronic low-grade inflammation of diabetes could play a role in the development of severe COVID-19. We collected clinical data and blood samples of patients with and without diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19. Plasma samples were used to measure inflammatory mediators and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for gene expression analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 main receptor system (ACE2/TMPRSS2), and for the main molecule of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) pathway (ALOX5). We found that diabetes activates the LTB4 pathway and that during COVID-19 it increases ACE2/TMPRSS2 as well as ALOX5 expression. Diabetes was also associated with COVID-19–related disorders, such as reduced oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen/FiO2 levels, and increased disease duration. In addition, the expressions of ACE2 and ALOX5 are positively correlated, with increased expression in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 requiring intensive care assistance. We confirmed these molecular results at the protein level, where plasma LTB4 is significantly increased in individuals with diabetes. In addition, IL-6 serum levels are increased only in individuals with diabetes requiring intensive care assistance. Together, these results indicate that LTB4 and IL-6 systemic levels, as well as ACE2/ALOX5 blood expression, could be early markers of severe COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes.
The association between alcohol use and suicide attempt in employees
Authors: Choo Won Young , Lee Ung , Park Jae-Hyun , Shin Young-Chul , Sim Mikyung , Oh Kang-Seob , Shin Dong-Won , Jeon Sang-Won , Kim Min-Kyoung , Cho Sung Joon
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the alcohol use patterns that may influence suicide attempt in employees who have suicidal ideation.Methods: The 15,199 participants were classified into three groups according to suicide risk severity. Participant scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korea (AUDIT-K), subscale for drinking amount/frequency (AUDIT-C, items 1–3), subscale for dependence/related problems (AUDIT-D/P, items 4–10), and other sociodemographic and psychiatric scales were analyzed between the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the chi-square test, followed by post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni correction.Results: A statistically significant difference between all three groups was observed for AUDIT-D/P scores after post hoc analysis (P < 0.001), indicating an increasing trend for greater suicide risk. This trend was present in both sexes and across all age groups above 30 years old.Conclusion: Alcohol dependence/related problems are significantly associated with suicide attempt among employees. Assessing and preventing suicide risk according to these issues may minimize socioeconomic losses due to suicide.
Bruk av nettverk i kvinners karriereutvikling mot professor og dosentstillinger i akademia
Authors: Ballangrud Brit Bolken , Svenkerud Sigrun Wessel , Drake Irmelin , Ulvestad Jorun
Published: June 2021

I akademia har det vært tradisjon for å assosiere karriere og avansement med personlig talent og særlige kompetanser, og noe som gjerne har blitt forstått som den enkeltes ansvar. Karriereutvikling i Norge blir imidlertid, i stadig større grad, definert som et ansvar for universitetet som organisasjon, og noe som alle bør delta i. Siden kvinner utgjør 31 % (DBH, 2019) av professorer og dosenter, er organiserte kvinnenettverk et av de tiltak som blir brukt for å bidra til karriereutvikling. I denne artikkelen viser vi hva kvinnelige førsteamanuensiser og førstelektorer som deltok i et slikt nettverk selv la vekt på som betydningsfulle sider ved nettverksdeltakelsen, og hvordan det bidro til deres karriereutvikling. Vi analyserer refleksjonslogger som kvinnene skrev mens de deltok i et karrierenettverk. Resultatene viser at deltakelsen rommet både sosial og faglig støtte, noe som bidro til et stort engasjement og bevissthet om egne strategiske valg. Det går imidlertid også fram at støtte fra kvinnenes ledere ble opplevd som en viktig premiss i karriereutvikling. Ut fra ulike teoretiske perspektiver diskuterer vi hvordan meningsskaping blant kvinner i karrierenettverk har betydning for den enkelte, men vi tydeliggjør også spenninger mellom det individuelle ansvaret og organisasjonens ansvar for karriereutvikling.
English abstract
Using networks in the career development of women in academia
Within academia, career and success have traditionally been associated with personal talent and expertise; they have been seen as the responsibility of the individual. Career development in Norway is now increasingly considered to be the responsibility of the academic institution itself and something that everyone should be involved in. Since women represent a minority among professors, 31% (DBH, 2019), organized women’s networks are one of the measures being used to create more gender balance at the top levels of academia. In this article, we will present what aspects of such networks some women who are associate professors and senior lecturers regarded as valuable in terms of their future careers, and more specifically as regards qualifying for full professorship. The article takes its point of departure in the individual written reflection texts generated by the women participating in this career network. We highlight the conditions the women themselves emphasized as important for their own career development. The results show that the mutual sense of involvement created, the professional and social support offered, and the helpful attitude of management are all key elements seen to be beneficial in relation to potential career advancement. Different theoretical perspectives are used to discuss how the negotiation of meaning between women in networks can contribute to the career advancement of the individual woman; we also reveal tensions between the responsibility of the individual and that of the organization in terms of career development processes.
Quality and ecological safety of motor fuels
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Boychenko Sergey , Vovk Oksana ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Chernyak Larisa ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Akinina Ksenya ,   National Aviation University, Kyiv
Published: June 2021

Article considering interconnection of fuel quality for transport and ecological safety. Main directions were offered of solving ecological-energy problem system “human-environment-fuel-transport”.
CONSIDERATION, ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOME EXISTING APPROACHES TO QUANTITATIVE VALUATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Authors: Yuriy Pikalov
Published: June 2021

Many recent scientific publications on the current and future development of the world economy highlight such a trend as the knowledge economy. It is logical to hope that if such a trend exists, it would be possible to observe the corresponding processes in changing the attractiveness of certain assets, namely the increase in the attractiveness of any assets closely related to knowledge. A similar situation would apply to innovation development, i. e., processes related to investment and R&D, etc. Data on the distribution of shares of tangible and intangible assets in the capital structure and trends in the investment attractiveness of certain assets can show the real picture. The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation of the growth of attractiveness of intangibles and intellectual capital in the conditions of intensification of innovative development and formation of knowledge economy. A comparative analysis of statistical data on investments in tangible and intangible assets in Europe, the United States and Ukraine shows that there is a tendency to increase the attractiveness of the latter types of assets. Several hypotheses have been formed, the testing of which is a necessary task of further research. Various existing approaches to the valuation of intangible and intellectual assets have been researched and systematized. It is established that the diversity of existing international approaches is reduced to several classes of patterns. Their general features, shortcomings and factors that lead to low quality of results of valuation of intangible assets or to their leveling of results are revealed. The necessity for formation of another class of estimation methods is offered and substantiated, which with necessity should be based on other, alternative principles. In general, the conceptual foundations of this class of methods are proposed and the general logical and theoretical foundations for its formation are laid. According to these principles a new class of approaches should be built according to the quasi-physical approach to the consciousness phenomena and on the principles of standardization and unification.
La Revista de Historia de América como laboratorio de prácticas
Authors: Pita González Alexandra
Published: June 2021

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La revolución mexicana: el reto de la historia reciente
Authors: Garciadiego Javier
Published: June 2021

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Historia social
Authors: Pulido Esteva Diego
Published: June 2021

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Miradas a América Latina
Authors: Rojas Rafael
Published: June 2021

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Hydropower Sector of Kyrgyzstan in the Context of Solving the Water– Energy Problems in the Central Asia
Authors: Mubarakshin B. N.
Published: June 2021

The Kyrgyz Republic is referred to the countries with sizeable water resources. In spite of an enormous hydropower potential of the republic’s rivers the national energy sector strongly depends on the Toktogul dam’s functioning, which is also important to maintain water–energy balance in the Central Asia. In conditions of unremitting quarrelling over working regimes of this station construction of the Kambarata hydropower stations in Kyrgyzstan can be considered as one of the most optimal ways to solve regional water– energy problems.
International Practice of Inflation Targeting: Israel as a Case Study
Authors: Fedorchenko A. V. , Malahov F. V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the transition to inflation targeting, which is a flexible and relatively new method of monetary policy. The Israeli experience in this field is analyzed. The paper shows that, after long periods of high inflation and disinflation the Bank of Israel has adopted the most efficient and painless for other macroeconomic objectives tools.
Optimizing Learning and Cognitive Activities of University Students in the Internet Environment
Authors: Raitskaya L. K.
Published: June 2021

The article looks into the notion of learning and cognitive activities of students in the Internet-environment. It also defines major forms and kinds of the considered activities and sets up their productivity criteria. The author studies and describes the ways of organization and optimization of the activities as the core of self-education in brandnew educational technologies to be developed in the information society.
Blends in Modern Literary Arabic within the naming processes
Authors: Ayvazyan Y. S.
Published: June 2021

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of morphological, syntactic and typological characteristics of blends in Modern Literary Arabic in the course of sociopolitical terminology within the naming processes.
SCO as an Effective Tool of Regional Integration: Problems of Expansion
Authors: Kolegova O. Y.
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the formation and subsequent development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which was a response of the association’ states-founders to a dangerous increase the threat of terrorism, separatism and extremism in the post-Cold War period. According to the author, during the last decade, the SCO has demonstrated its potential as an effective tool for regional integration, able to ensure the implementation of its member countries’ key interests. The author shows the evolution of approaches to the question of the organization’ expansion with the inevitable in this case internal problems of growth and the need to strengthen its institutional framework.
Islamic Radicalism in North-West Pakistan
Authors: Tchekrizova O. P.
Published: June 2021

The article covers the issue of the evolution of Islamic Radical movement in Pakistan at the present stage. Since 2001 the north-western Pakistan has gained prominence. It witnessed accumulating of various extremist forces opposing the international coalition in Afghanistan. The problem of the presence of radical forces in the volatile Afghan- Pakistani border region remains relevant in this period of decreasing extremist activities. The significance of the problem is amplified by the upcoming 2013 general elections in Pakistan and the forthcoming withdrawal of coalition troops from Afghanistan.
Postgraduate study in national academic systems (experience of Germany and USA)
Authors: Dushina S. A. , Ashcheulova N. A.
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the German and USA system of post-graduate training, with a special focus on the institutional features of the postgraduate courses. Based on the German statistical databases, it undertakes a detailed analysis of sociodemographic characteristics for doctoral students (рromovierende), the types of employment, the financing of projects. This paper will also highlight the peculiarities of mobility processes in the framework of the national post-graduate courses. The authors take note that the key points for the organization of scientific research are the public recognition of science and social status of scientists.
Who will provide security for the Arctic?
Authors: Aleksandrov O. V.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to a problem of security of the Arctic region. The author portrays the contemporary state of the Arctic region, indicates changes which happened in the region after the end of "the cold war", analyzes the role which regional and non-regional institutions can play in the security protection of the Arctic, and also focuses attention on the Russian approach to a problem of security of the Arctic.
British University System: Historical and Pedagogic Aspects
Authors: Chertovskikh O. O.
Published: June 2021

The article offers a historical survey of the British university system as part of the history of education. The author stresses the importance of the cultural aspect in preparing Russian university students and staff members for internship, language training and further education in British universities within the system of European academic mobility.
Scholar, Practitioner, Educator, Diplomat Sergei Nikolaevich Lebedev
Authors: Loboda A. I.
Published: June 2021

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Maksimychev I.F.: Diplomat, Germanist, Advocate of "Big Europe"
Authors: Golovlyov Y. F.
Published: June 2021

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The Institute of Judicial Constitutional Control in the Post-Soviet States
Authors: Polovchenko K. A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the European and the American model of judicial constitutional control. Exploring the reasons for the implementation of the European model of the constitutional control in the post-Soviet States of Eastern Europe and the CIS, the author comes to the conclusion that the introduction of the institution of the constitutional justice of the European design was a logical step in the establishment of constitutionalism in the region. Experience of the Western European States was taken into consideration while building the system of constitutional justice in the post-Soviet States of Eastern Europe and the CIS. However, we are not talking about blind copying of Western European experience, but rather of its creative processing taking into account the specifics of a particular State and its legal system.
Arts of eristic, of dialectic and of sophistry as premises of legal discourse development
Authors: Rekoch K. H.
Published: June 2021

Discourse arts of ancient Greece demonstrate in the V century BC division of discourses, and are seen as premises of rhetoric, which marked institutional differentiation of speeches and predestinated legal discourse. The purpose of the following analysis is to show cohesion, coherence and mutual dependence of discourse arts as premises of rhetoric. Sophists confirmed with their example the dichotomies of utterance meanings and though they didn't create eloquence art, they laid a way to rhetoric, laid down foundation for language studying, having isolated it from Logos, and also developed techniques of judicial speeches and legal discourse. Criticizing sophists, using their positive methods, Socrat, Platon and later Aristotle defined, on the basis of syllogism, the direction of evolution of rhetoric not as practical eloquence but mainly as methodology of sciences and arts.
On Contemporary Problems of Communication between Secular and Religious Actors and Ways of its Solution
Authors: Frantsev F. S.
Published: June 2021

The article enlightens questions of communication between secular and religious actors during their political and civil activities. The author draws the reader's attention towards problems that occur in light of high-level secularisation of modern society and suggests their possible solution based on a work by one of the most outstanding west-european philosophers of our time
20 Years Anniversary of MGIMO-University Ibero-American Center
Authors: Larionova M. V. , Slivchikova Y. V.
Published: June 2021

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Religious Actors in Contemporary World Politics: Preconditions, Possibilities and Development Prospects
Authors: Tolkachev V. V.
Published: June 2021

As data transmission accelerates and more and more people get access to information, it is becoming increasingly important to take into account ethnic, cultural, religious and civilizational differences in order to avoid undesirable consequences, many of which can have a global effect. The events that took place in the last decades of the XXth century demonstrate the return of religion into mass consciousness - a development which can influence political behaviour of large groups of people.
Identity in contemporary international conflict: typology of the history of conflicts through the prism of an Other
Authors: Chernobrov D. V.
Published: June 2021

The problem of an Other and association with an identity in conflict are among the least explored areas of contemporary conflict studies which tends to regard conflict behaviour as rational. This article suggests several periods in the development and evolution of conflict depending on the role and function of the Other, thus adopting a historical-constructivist approach. From the spread of social application of self-other categories to conflict, to the technological and informational transition from traditional to ‘new’ and asymmetrical wars and counter-insurgency warfare, the Other changed form, function, and role in conflict. Supporting the argument with historical evidence, this article reconstructs the evolution of the Other and situates it in the context of social, political, and conflict-evolving realities.
GLOBAL SUPRANATIONAL ACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Surma I. V.
Published: June 2021

In article it is shown, that the continued technological and content revolution in the means of mass communication in a number of key indicators complicates the interaction of the participants of international relations, and «information of the press» is of special importance in the modern international relations is the priority, which gives all grounds to attribute the information to the category of factors that determine the fundamental social change in the modern world. Possibilities of modern information society is not always amenable to precise forecast, the action of politicians and international organizations. The Internet space is gradually becoming the main actor in international relations, and one of the most unpleasant aspects of this process is the loss of the information society sustainability. These and other circumstances dictate the need to generate adequate effective state policy of counteraction to cyber terrorism and the development of the new «intellectual technologies» and software tools to control the «dark-web» and analysis of social networks. Social stability of the States will increasingly depend on the correct use of information where it is needed most in this political moment. In article it is shown that the information support of foreign policy and international relations of the stands in one row with such priority issues of world policy as non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, restriction and prohibition of weapons of mass destruction, settlement of regional conflicts and peace-making, strengthening of comprehensive security, the preservation of cultural heritage and promotion of human rights.
NATIONAL WORLDVIEW IN BILINGUAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Iovenko V. A.
Published: June 2021

This article analyses the concept “national and cultural worldview” in the size of bilingual communication, examines peculiarities in mass media texts translation. The article establishes important types of divergences between Spanish and Russian worldviews which are relevant for translation, for example: abundance in Spanish mass media texts of specific and exotic national idiomatic units, bright stylistic locutions, figurative expressions, syntactic constructions, text structures which, when used in oral and written speech sound weird and unexpected for Russian native speakers. Spaniards often use words from different spheres of life (sports, medicine, warfare, etc) in political communicative situations. The research finds that the Spanish language tends to actively coin new words and combination patterns of “event” semantics. The article gives examples from Spanish-Russian translations and proposes ways to overcome divergences in the context of the Spanish worldview. The author makes conclusion that the national and cultural distinctions are the fourth reason, besides systems, norms and uses, of differences between languages.
ON VARIETY OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE
Authors: Voronkov L. S.
Published: June 2021

On the basis of analysis of integration processes between Nordic, Benelux countries and post-soviet states in Europe the author expresses hesitations in accepting the integration experiences gained by the EU as the criterion of efficiency and the pattern for the post-Soviet space. He does not consider that an involvement of all countries with market economy into processes of regional integration, if they do not try to achieve certain political aims through integration, is the universal regularity in the globalized world. In these cases neither free trade zones nor custom unions can be considered as integration stages, but they continue to be the tools for further development of trade. The author proposes to assess the EU evolution with regard to the legal norms of international organizations, where state sovereignty of members is strengthened, not given up to supernational bodies. In case the idea of reestablishment of an unified state on the remains of the former USSR, linked to the necessity to hand over the recently acquired sovereignty to it, is laid down to the ground for practical measures of integration, this kind of integration will hardly be attractive to the potential post-Soviet participants. This perspective is hardly desired for Russia either. The integration path of the EU reflects the peculiarities of the European situation and specific interests of its member states. Many details of the EU activity are not applicable to other integration groupings in Europe and membership criteria in every of them is not universal. Any efforts to construct integration processes in the post-Soviet space in accordance to the EU model without proper consideration to integration experiences of other countries and to political, economic, social, cultural, demographic, military peculiarities of the countries concerned seem to be not acceptable and founded.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES IN STUDENTS BY TRAINING PROGRAMS
Authors: Lazareva A. V.
Published: June 2021

The author of the article considers the possibility of enhancing students' motivation and development of their communicative competences in a group work, carried out as a psycholinguistic training in the language of speciality. A psycholinguistic training is treated by the author as an active psychological as well as pedagogical method of influence which further on optimizes professional interaction, self-growth, development of leadership qualities and skills of cooperation. The training carried out in the language of speciality (namely English) signaficantly enhanced the participants' motivation to language learning, oral skills development, language barriers removing, as well as accumulation of positive experience towards oneself and others, communication at large. During the training group work all the participants demonstrated all the stages of group dynamic, high level of performance and emotional involvement into the process. As the author marks out, it is the emotional involvement that positively effected the participants' interaction, their self-realization and language barriers removing. In the training program the following methods were involved: discussion (braistorming, case study, method of synectics), role plays, business role plays, art-therapy and metaforization of the accumulated experience. The results of this experiment prove that such combined programs could be effectively applied in Higher education curriculum.
THE ROLE OF HOME READING CLASS IN THE LANGUAGE TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors: Grineva M. V.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays the growing professional orientation of all the aspects of foreign language teaching is widely recognized as the main trend in the process of enhancing the system of foreign language teaching at higher education institutions which specialize in training students majoring in international economic and political relations. In view of the above the article focuses on the role of teaching home reading and analyzes the possibility of its integration into the professionally oriented process of teaching English as a foreign language to would-be economists. Another reason why the issue of teaching home reading is of utmost importance is that due to the prevailing communicative approach in teaching English as a foreign language, coupled with teaching English for professional purposes, some researchers and practising teachers are of the opinion that large-sized literary works are «incompatible» with an efficient foreign language curriculum. Hence, the importance of analyzing the role of such texts in teaching English given its increasing professionalization. According to the author, the specific features of reading literature in a foreign language make it an irreplaceable and useful resource for a wide range of linguistic competences. However, its competence forming potential can only be fully realized if certain general and specifically professional criteria for choosing a literary text for a home reading class are implemented. Such criteria are as follows: the reader’s emotional involvement with the plot and the problems raised in a book; a low degree of linguistic and cultural deviations; popular literary genres; clear professional orientation of a text. The author goes on to analyze the professionally oriented novels by J.Grisham and J.Mead and concludes that they can be successfully incorporated into professionally oriented process of teaching English, as they fully satisfy all the above criteria and, moreover, represent a unique resource for a wide spectrum of professional competences of a future economist, both linguistic and non-linguistic (e.g. sociocultural and analytical competences). In addition, the learning aids written by the author encourage students to treat the text of the books as a source of professionally meaningful information.
Natalia Kirillovna Kapitonova, Professor of MGIMO University
Authors: Pechatnov V. O.
Published: June 2021

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Academician Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov (1923-2010)
Authors: Kremenyuk V. A. , Zvolinsky V. I.
Published: June 2021

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Y.N. Khaliullin: Diplomat, Scientist, Writer
Authors: Akhtamzyan A. A.
Published: June 2021

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Military Turkish-Russian and Russian-Turkish Translation in Russia in Early XXI Century
Authors: Avrutina A. S.
Published: June 2021

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Imposing Spatial Identity in Border Cities of Russia
Authors: Okunev I. Y. , Zhirnova L. S.
Published: June 2021

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