bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The neural correlates of value representation: From single items to bundles
Authors: Zyuzin Jekaterina , Combs Dalton , Melrose James , Kodaverdian Niree , Leather Calvin , Carrillo Juan D. , Monterosso John R. , Brocas Isabelle
Published: November 2022

One of the core questions in Neuro‐economics is to determine where value is represented. To date, most studies have focused on simple options and identified the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) as the common value region. We report the findings of an fMRI study in which we asked participants to make pairwise comparisons involving options of varying complexity: single items (Control condition), bundles made of the same two single items (Scaling condition) and bundles made of two different single items (Bundling condition). We construct a measure of choice consistency to capture how coherent the choices of a participant are with one another. We also record brain activity while participants make these choices. We find that a common core of regions involving the left VMPFC, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), regions associated with complex visual processing and the left cerebellum track value across all conditions. Also, regions in the DLPFC, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the cerebellum are differentially recruited across conditions. Last, variations in activity in VMPFC and DLPFC value‐tracking regions are associated with variations in choice consistency. This suggests that value based decision‐making recruits a core set of regions as well as specific regions based on task demands. Further, correlations between consistency and the magnitude of signal change with lateral portions of the PFC suggest the possibility that activity in these regions may play a causal role in decision quality.
Assessing the coupling between local neural activity and global connectivity fluctuations: Application to human intracranial electroencephalography during a cognitive task
Authors: Vila‐Vidal Manel , Khawaja Mariam , Carreño Mar , Roldán Pedro , Rumià Jordi , Donaire Antonio , Deco Gustavo , Tauste Campo Adrià
Published: November 2022

Cognitive‐relevant information is processed by different brain areas that cooperate to eventually produce a response. The relationship between local activity and global brain states during such processes, however, remains for the most part unexplored. To address this question, we designed a simple face‐recognition task performed in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy and monitored with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG). Based on our observations, we developed a novel analytical framework (named “local–global” framework) to statistically correlate the brain activity in every recorded gray‐matter region with the widespread connectivity fluctuations as proxy to identify concurrent local activations and global brain phenomena that may plausibly reflect a common functional network during cognition. The application of the local–global framework to the data from three subjects showed that similar connectivity fluctuations found across patients were mainly coupled to the local activity of brain areas involved in face information processing. In particular, our findings provide preliminary evidence that the reported global measures might be a novel signature of functional brain activity reorganization when a stimulus is processed in a task context regardless of the specific recorded areas.
Staudinger Ligation and Reactions – From Bioorthogonal Labeling to Next‐Generation Biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Poulou Eleftheria , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: November 2022

In this review, we highlight groundbreaking discoveries and applications of Staudinger reactions in the molecular life sciences, starting from the engineering of the Staudinger ligation as a bioorthogonal reaction until most recent applications in modern bioconjugation methods to generate next‐generation biopharmaceuticals. Bioorthogonal reactions refer to a set of chemoselective transformations in biological environments able to take place in presence of naturally occurring functional groups. The Staudinger ligation set a new paradigm of such transformations, resulting in the development of various labeling and bioconjugation strategies for the modification of (bio‐)molecules of interest.
Accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of placenta accreta spectrum in a universal screening population
Authors: Baumann Hanna Elise , Pawlik Laura Katharina Andrea , Hoesli Irene , Schoetzau Andreas , Schoenberger Heidrun , Butenschoen Annkathrin , Monod Cécile , Manegold‐Brauer Gwendolin
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The current study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in a universal screening population and assesses the added value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

This retrospective analysis evaluated 5219 patients with singleton pregnancies who had a standardized ultrasound (US) examination in our unit and delivered at our institution between 2014 and 2019.

Results

A total of 181 (3.5%) of 5219 (100%) patients had a suspicion or diagnosis of PAS with US. The accuracy of US in detecting placenta increta/percreta showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.9%, positive predictive value of 82.4%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. The diagnosis of all forms of PAS showed a sensitivity of 25.8%, specificity of 99.8%, positive predictive value of 80.8%, and a negative predictive value of 97.7%. MRI was concordant with US in 11 of 14 (78.5%) cases of severe forms of PAS and in three of 15 (20.0%) cases with placenta accreta.

Conclusion

A standardized US evaluation can be applied in a universal screening setting for the diagnosis of severe forms of PAS. MRI is a complementary examination in severe forms of PAS but seems of limited value to discriminate placenta accreta from placenta increta/percreta.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMAL INPUT DESIGN: A REALISTIC APPROACH
Authors: Fuchs J‐J. J.
Published: November 2022

The interplay between estimation and control is crucial in adaptive control algorithms. Most proposed adaptive dual control methods are either too complex for practical applications or else do not rely on any stability proof. By restricting ourselves to a limited class of systems (linear time‐invariant) and a very crude dual action (single‐step optimizing input) we arrive at a very simple approach, which should be interesting for more complex situations also.
DISCRETE ADAPTIVE CONTROL OE A MANIPULATOR ARM
Authors: Stoten D. P.
Published: November 2022

A discrete‐time adaptive control algorithm is presented which overcomes the difficulties encountered when one attempts to control a manipulator arm. The algorithm is based upon MRAC techniques combined with Popov's hyperstability theory, and simulations presented here show that excellent control can be achieved.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND pH NEUTRALIZATION
Authors: Goodwin Graham C. , Mcinnis Bayliss , Long Robert S.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents adaptive control algorithms which have been designed for use on two applications, namely dissolved oxygen control in activated sludge waste water treatment and control of pH in acidic waste water. Global convergence of the algorithms is established. Simulation studies show that the adaptive control laws can give superior controller performance compared with other conventional control algorithms.
Using computer‐based instruction to teach implementation of behavioral skills training
Authors: Campanaro Alexandra M. , Vladescu Jason C. , DeBar Ruth M. , Deshais Meghan A. , Manente Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

Behavioral skills training (BST) is considered one of the most effective staff training techniques to implement a wide variety of behavioral technologies; however, research has found a lack of implementation of BST across human service settings due to a shortage of organizational time and resources. The purpose of the present study was first to demonstrate the effectiveness of computer‐based instruction (CBI) in teaching BST, and then to demonstrate that the CBI module was effective in training trainers to implement BST with trainees. Results of the present experiment not only demonstrate the effectiveness of CBI in teaching BST, but also demonstrate the generality of the BST to teach behavior therapists.
Influences of repeated exposure to low levels of TiO2 nanoparticles on Kruppel‐like factors in 3D Caco‐2 spheroids and mouse intestines
Authors: Cao Wandi , Liu Mingkang , Wang Canyang , Jing Guoxing , Cao Yi
Published: November 2022

Kruppel‐like factors (KLFs) are a set of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the regulation of many basic biological processes, and recent studies suggested that nanoparticles (NPs) were capable to change KLFs in different models even at non‐cytotoxic concentrations. In this study, we repeatedly exposed 3D Caco‐2 spheroids and mice to TiO2 NPs, one of the most frequently used metal oxide NPs, and investigated the changes of KLF‐signaling pathways based on RNA‐sequencing. Although the internalization of TiO2 NPs did not induce cytotoxicity in vitro, repeated exposure (three times within 7 days) to 15.7 ng/ml TiO2 NPs increased KLF4 but decreased KLF6. Consistently, KLF4/KLF6‐regulated gene ontology terms were altered, including those involved in the regulation of gene expression. We further verified that repeated exposure to 15.7 ng/ml TiO2 NPs increased the expression of KLF4 and proto‐oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), but decreased the expression of KLF6 and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). But with the increase of NP concentrations, the expression of these genes was decreased. In mice following intragastrical exposure to 4.39 and 43.9 mg/kg TiO2 NPs (once a day for 5 continuous days), we observed increased expression of klf4, klf6, myc, and atf3, along with morphological changes of intestines. We concluded that repeated exposure to low levels of TiO2 NPs altered KLF‐signaling pathways in intestinal cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Genetic analysis of a novel SUMF1 variation associated with a late infantile form of multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Ma Dingyuan , Liu Gang , Zeng Huasha , Wang Yuguo , Luo Chunyu , Hu Ping , Xu Zhengfeng
Published: November 2022

Background

Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) (MIM#272200) is an ultra‐rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutation of the Sulfatase Modifying Factor 1 (SUMF1) gene.

Methods

Herein, we report an eight‐year‐old boy with a late infantile form of multiple sulfatase deficiency. A combination of copy‐number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq) and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) were used to analyze the genetic cause for the MSD patient.

Results

Our results, previously not seen in China, show a novel compound heterozygous mutation with one allele containing a 240.55 kb microdeletion on 3p26.1 encompassing the SETMAR gene and exons 4–9 of the SUMF1 gene, and the other allele containing a novel missense mutation of c.671G>A (p.Arg224Gln) in the SUMF1 gene. Both were inherited from the proband's unaffected parents, one from each. Bioinformatics analyses show the novel variation to be “likely pathogenic.” SWISS‐MODEL analysis shows that the missense mutation may alter the three‐dimensional (3D) structure.

Conclusions

In summary, this study reported a novel compound heterozygous with microdeletion in SUMF1 gene, which has not been reported in China. The complex clinical manifestations of MSD may delay diagnosis; however, molecular genetic analysis of the SUMF1 gene can be performed to help obtain an early diagnosis.
Systematic derivation of partial differential equations for second order boundary value problems
Authors: Kettunen Lauri , Rossi Tuomo
Published: November 2022

Software systems designed to solve second order boundary value problems are typically restricted to hardwired lists of partial differential equations. In order to come up with more flexible systems, we introduce a systematic approach to find partial differential equations that result in eligible boundary value problems. This enables one to construct and combine one's own partial differential equations instead of choosing those from a pre‐given list. This expands significantly end users possibilities to employ boundary value problems in modeling. To introduce the main ideas we employ differential geometry to examine the mathematical structure involved in second order boundary value problems and exploit electromagnetism as a working example. This provides us with an organized view on the key building blocks behind boundary value problems. Thereafter the approach is naturally generalized to a class of second order boundary value problems that covers field theories from statics to wave problems. As a result, we obtain a systematic framework to construct partial differential equations and to test whether they form eligible boundary value problems.
Stable and radioactive carbon isotopes as indicators of restructuring the pedogenic carbonates in Chernozems during their transition from arable to abandoned state (Cis‐Azov steppe, Russia)
Authors: Khokhlova Olga , Bulysheva Anna , Kuznetsova Alsu
Published: November 2022

Background

Pedogenic carbonates are a key component in the steppe soil system that determined soil‐forming processes, classification position, and also responsible for a carbon cycle.

Aim

Investigating the processes of carbonate status transformation in Chernozems transiting from arable to self‐restoration state.

Methods

The consequences of land‐use change from arable to self‐restoration abandoned soils for carbonate status have been studied in the chronosequence of Chernozems within the Cis‐Azov steppe, Russia, based on complex examination with the focus on stable and radioactive C isotopes in carbonates.

Results

Pedogenic carbonate transformation starts immediately after land‐use change with altering of hydrothermal regime of soils and establishing of a permanent vegetation cover on the surface of abandoned soils when plowing stopped. The main changes are: (1) accumulation of carbonates moves deeper in the profile, (2) decreasing of carbonate C stock, (3) the soft carbonate concretions in the carbonate‐accumulative horizons Bk of aged abandoned soils gain vague diffuse boundaries with the soil mass in contrast to clear boundaries of those concretions in the youngest abandoned and arable soils, (4) the soft concretions with hard core completely disappear from the lowermost part of profile of aged abandoned soils, (5) decrease in the age of carbonates (14C values), (6) and the δ13С values in carbonates increase (become less negative) with time after stop plowing. In approximately 30 years of abandonment, Chernozems transformed to a “new” quasi‐stable state of carbonate profile. The movement of soil solutions in abandoned soils with permanent vegetation occurs under transpiration influence that prevailed over physical evaporation, and that results in a change of the carbon isotopic composition in carbonates. After the soil has been abandoned, carbonates are gradually displaced from the soil horizons of the former arable soils, being simultaneously renewed due to active recrystallization under the influence of plant roots and mesofauna.

Conclusions

In the Chernozems of aged abandoned soils, both radioactive and stable C isotopes in carbonates show renewal as compared with the arable soils, mostly in the nonsegregated carbonates. Thus, the main pathway of the carbonate transformation is through the intrapedal and intercracks soil mass where the nonsegregated carbonates predominate.
Production and characterization of glycolipid biosurfactant from Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 and its evaluation for biomedical and bioremediation applications
Authors: Manikkasundaram Vaishnavi , Baskaran Abirami , Kaari Manigundan , Angamuthu Vignesh , Venugopal Gopikrishnan , Manikkam Radhakrishnan
Published: November 2022

The aim of this investigation is to produce and characterize biosurfactant from Streptomyces sp. HRB1 and to evaluate its biomedical and bioremediation potential. Biosurfactant producing property of Streptomyces sp. HRB1 isolated from petroleum contaminated soil was confirmed by hemolytic and oil spread assays. Based on the results of FT‐IR spectral and GC–MS analysis, the biosurfactant was confirmed as glycolipid type. Biosurfactant from Streptomyces sp. HRB1 exhibited 71% inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, 77.33% quorum sensing inhibition property against Chromobacterium violeceum MTCC 2656, more than 80% inhibition in antioxidant assays namely, DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelation, promising anti‐proliferative activity against leukemia and myeloma cells with low IC50 values, 96% decolorization of malachite green within 48 h of reaction time, and minimal toxicity against normal cell lines in dose‐dependent manner. The taxonomic position of the potential strain HRB1 was further confirmed as Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. To conclude, Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 isolated from petroleum‐contaminated soil is a promising source for low‐cost production of glycolipid biosurfactant with potential biomedical and environmental applications such as antiphytofungal, antibiofilm, anti‐quorum sensing, antioxidant, anticancer, and dye degradation properties.
Segmentation based on environmentally responsible behavior: Evidence from SCUBA divers in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia
Authors: Lee Tsung Hung , Lin Yi Hsien , Fu Chung‐Jen , Chang Chung‐Feng
Published: November 2022

This study aims to compare the satisfaction and loyalty of SCUBA divers who were segmented into groups based on their level of environmentally responsible behavior (ERB). Overall, 1800 valid questionnaires were obtained from for Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. Multivariate statistical analysis was used for data analysis. Four clusters of SCUBA divers were identified through cluster analysis: blended ERB SCUBA divers, moderate ERB SCUBA divers, lacking ERB SCUBA divers, and practicing ERB SCUBA divers. Each of these clusters exhibited significant differences in tourism satisfaction and loyalty. This study used the ERB variable to effectively categorize SCUBA divers into four groups with several theoretical and practical implications for each, and extended the research on marine tourism development.
A quantitative Bucur–Henrot inequality
Authors: Wang Kui , Wu Haotian
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we prove a quantitative version of the isoperimetric inequality involving the second non‐trivial eigenvalue of the Laplacian with Neumann boundary condition established by Bucur and Henrot [5].
Vertical dynamic response of pipe pile embedded in unsaturated soil based on fractional‐order standard linear solid model and Rayleigh‐Love rod model
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Dai Guoliang , Zhou Fengxi , Li Zhongwei , Liang Yuwang
Published: November 2022

Considering the flow‐independent viscosity of soil skeleton and the lateral inertia effect of pipe pile, the vertical dynamic behavior of a pipe pile embedded in unsaturated soil is investigated in this work when the pipe pile is subjected to the vertical dynamic loading. In order to model this problem, the fractional‐order standard linear solid (FSLS) model is introduced to characterize the flow‐independent viscosity of the soil skeleton, the Rayleigh‐Love rod model is employed to specify the lateral inertia effect of pipe pile, while both vertical and radial soil displacement are entirely considered. The analytical solution of the pipe pile complex impedance is obtained through the rigorous theoretical derivation. Numerical results with known analytical solution are finally presented to discuss the influence of the model parameters for the FSLS model, lateral inertia effect and geometrical characteristic for the pipe pile, and saturation degree and intrinsic permeability for the unsaturated soil on the vertical complex impedance of the pipe pile. The main results indicate that enlarging the fractional‐order index, raising the strain relaxation time, or shortening the stress relaxation time will reduce the oscillation amplitude and natural frequency for the dynamic stiffness and damping of the pipe pile but will improve their mean value. The lateral inertia effect of pipe pile has effect on its complex impedance only in the high‐frequency region. The outer and inner radii of pipe pile, pile length, soil saturation degree, and soil intrinsic permeability are highly correlated with the pipe pile complex impedance.
How the current non‐significant effects of person‐centred care on nurses' outcomes could be abated by the WE‐CARE roadmap enablers: A discursive paper
Authors: Van Diepen Cornelia , Fors Andreas , Bertilsson Monica , Axelsson Malin , Ekman Inger , Hensing Gunnel
Published: November 2022

Aim

To describe the non‐significant results in nurses' outcomes after the implementation of person‐centred care (PCC) and discuss if and how enablers of the WE‐CARE roadmap for implementing PCC could abate the non‐significant results.

Design

In this paper, an innovative framework of enablers in the WE‐CARE Roadmap is explained in relation to increased PCC and nurses' job satisfaction.

Method

Findings from a scoping review and published material provided how PCC and nurses' outcomes connect. The WE‐CARE roadmap entails five enablers: Information technology, Quality measures, Infrastructure, Incentive systems and contracting strategies.

Results

The WE‐CARE roadmap was described and each enabler in the WE‐CARE roadmap is discussed concerning PCC and the nurses' job satisfaction. Thus far, the effects of PCC on nurses' outcomes have been non‐significant. The WE‐CARE roadmap enablers can be implemented to ensure an increased PCC implementation and higher nurses' job satisfaction.
Chillers get quieter, greener, and smaller
Authors: Laufs Konrad
Published: November 2022

Diode lasers, even those of low to medium power, need to be cooled – not only to avoid thermal damage, but also to keep their temperature‐dependent output wavelength as constant as possible. Compressor‐based cooling systems are well suited for medium to high‐power lasers, but they are usually large, loud, and generate vibrations. However, there are also compact, quiet, and low‐vibration solutions.
Simple, fast, accurate, and flexible control in laser materials processing
Authors: Jolliffe Cliff
Published: November 2022

Until recently, controlling the motion path of lasers across multiple axes has come with certain limitations in performance, speed, practicalities and, on top, higher complexity and costs. With the development of new modular controllers, flexible solutions that enable a laser to be combined with multiaxis positioning are making it easier for system integrators to design and build advanced systems for a new era of laser applications.
Laser technology for precise material machining applications
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Lynn , Yu Alexus
Published: November 2022

In recent years, driven by the need for energy conservation and pollution reduction to develop a sustainable society, the building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), centralized photovoltaic power stations and new energy vehicle markets have grown significantly and with that increased the demand for glass that requires more precise micromachining methods.
Understanding laser protective eyewear requirements
Authors: Tibbitt Donald
Published: November 2022

Regardless of the type of laser, all can produce biological effects on the human body if protective eyewear is not used. Many lasers produce a beam of light in the UV or infrared spectrum that our eyes are not able to detect. To qualify as laser‐protective eyewear, independent laboratory tests validate and certify the protective capabilities and optical density (OD) against the standard, using the actual laser, including performing destructive testing. This certification is required to meet standards like European norm CE EN207 and American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers ANSI Z136.
Systemic therapy‐based split‐course stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Zheng Rong , Wang Bisi , Liang Feihong , Xu Benhua
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Given the therapeutic toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the dose of chemotherapy is always limited. Hence, the question of how to administer adequate chemotherapy to synchronize stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment strategy for maximizing the benefits of neoadjuvant therapy to improve prognosis is a challenging and debatable issue.

Methods

We summarized the major clinical trials and preclinical studies of split‐course CRT and split‐course SBRT and explored the feasibility and theoretical advantages of implementing split‐course SBRT and systemic therapy simultaneously.

Results

Split‐course radiotherapy is a strategy mainly proposed with the aim of further reducing the toxicity of radiotherapy and improving the patient's treatment tolerance, with added features of the extended interval between the fractions instead of daily irradiation. In the past, split‐course radiotherapy was not a recommended treatment strategy in terms of local tumor control rates, late response rates, and survival without significant improvement relative to continuous radiotherapy. Split‐course SBRT has different biological effects compared to split‐course conventional radiotherapy (CRT). The current findings suggest that the split‐course SBRT model has good treatment tolerance and facilitates the implementation of adaptive radiotherapy.

Conclusion

This treatment strategy facilitates the upgrading of radiotherapy doses and the combination with systemic therapy, especially with vascular targeting agents and immunotherapy, thus avoiding the disadvantages of split‐course CRT, such as reduced local control rate, increased treatment time and economic cost, and has the potential to achieve better tumor suppression.
Adaptively implicit MPDATA advection for arbitrary Courant numbers and meshes
Authors: Weller Hilary , Woodfield James , Kühnlein Christian , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K.
Published: November 2022

Advection schemes with time step restrictions are widely used in weather and climate models. This can lead to instability in the presence of high flow speeds (relative to mesh spacing) such as occurs in convective updraughts, regions of mesh convergence, or where the winds are unusually high. An adaptively implicit advection scheme is proposed that treats advection implicitly only where the Courant number is high. Flux correction to ensure monotonicity is adapted to work with implicit time stepping. A version of the multidimensional positive‐definite advection transport algorithm MPDATA is derived with an anti‐diffusive flux compensating truncation errors of off‐centred implicit time stepping. The anti‐diffusive flux is gradually reduced as Courant numbers increase above 2 in order to maintain stability at the expense of second‐order accuracy at high Courant numbers. Results of two‐dimensional advection by deformational flow are presented on various meshes of the sphere. Stability and second‐order accuracy are maintained when the Courant number is over 100 in a small region, when strong wind crosses the poles of a rotated latitude–longitude mesh. Good solutions are also obtained on a skipped latitude–longitude mesh, a cubed sphere, and hexagonal meshes. Accuracy reverts to first order when Courant numbers are large over a large fraction of the domain.
A new adaptive second‐order sliding mode controller design for nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties
Authors: Ding Chen , Ma Li , Ding Shihong
Published: November 2022

This study is dedicated to solving the problem of a new adaptive second‐order sliding mode (SOSM) controller design for a type of nonlinear systems with multiple uncertainties by using adding a power integrator (API) and the parameter separation techniques. Supported by the finite‐time Lyapunov theory, the finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system under the proposed adaptive SOSM controller has been firmly guaranteed. The significant advantages here lie in that the prior knowledge about the bounds of uncertainties is not required in the designed adaptive SOSM control approach, and the switching gain can be tuned dynamically. Finally, a numerical example is presented to indicate the notable feature and effectiveness of the designed adaptive SOSM approach.
Spatially informed Bayesian neural network for neurodegenerative diseases classification
Authors: Payares‐Garcia David , Mateu Jorge , Schick Wiebke
Published: November 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases. One field of extensive clinical use of MRI is the accurate and automated classification of degenerative disorders. Most of current classification studies either do not mirror medical practice where patients may exhibit early stages of the disease, comorbidities, or atypical variants, or they are not able to produce probabilistic predictions nor account for uncertainty. Also, the spatial heterogeneity of the brain alterations caused by neurodegenerative processes is not usually considered, despite the spatial configuration of the neuronal loss is a characteristic hallmark for each disorder. In this article, we propose a classification technique that incorporates uncertainty and spatial information for distinguishing between healthy subjects and patients from four distinct neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. We introduce a spatially informed Bayesian neural network (SBNN) that combines a three‐dimensional neural network to extract neurodegeneration features from MRI, Bayesian inference to account for uncertainty in diagnosis, and a spatially informed MRI image using hidden Markov random fields to encode cerebral spatial information. The SBNN model demonstrates that classification accuracy increases up to 25% by including a spatially informed MRI scan. Furthermore, the SBNN provides a robust probabilistic diagnosis that resembles clinical decision‐making and can account for the heterogeneous medical presentations of neurodegenerative disorders.
Developing Water‐Stable Pore‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Multi‐Level Symmetry for High‐Performance Sorption Applications
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Hong Anh N. , Chen Yichong , Yang Huajun , Wang Yanxiang , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun
Published: November 2022

A new perspective is proposed in the design of pore‐space‐partitioned MOFs that is focused on ligand symmetry properties sub‐divided here into three hierarchical levels: 1) overall ligand, 2) ligand substructure such as backbone or core, and 3) the substituent groups. Different combinations of the above symmetry properties exist. Given the close correlation between nature of chemical moiety and its symmetry, such a unique perspective into ligand symmetry and sub‐symmetry in MOF design translates into the influences on MOF properties. Five new MOFs have been prepared that exhibit excellent hydrothermal stability and high‐performance adsorption properties with potential applications such as C3H6/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 selective adsorption. The combination of high stability with high benzene/cyclohexane selectivity of ≈13.7 is also of particular interest.
Atomic Magnetic Heating Effect Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Gd@MoS2 Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Zeng Wei , Jiang Zhenzhen , Gong Xunguo , Hu Ce , Luo Xingfang , Lei Wen , Yuan Cailei
Published: November 2022

Atomic heating on single atoms (SAs) to maximize the catalytic efficiency of each active site would be a fascinating solution to break the bottleneck for the performance improvement of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) but highly challenging task. Here, based on the Gd@MoS2 SACs synthesized by a facile laser molecular beam epitaxy method, high‐frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) technology is employed to induce atomic magnetic heating on Gd SAs that is meanwhile demonstrated to be the catalytic active center. Significant improvement in catalytic kinetics under AMF excitation (3.9 mT) is achieved, yielding a remarkable enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction magnetothermal‐current by ≈924%. Through theoretical calculations and spin‐related electrochemical experiments, such promotion in catalyst activity can be attributed to spin flip (or canting) in Gd SAs leading to the atomic magnetic heating effect on catalytic active center. Together with the embodied high stability, the implement of AMF to the SAs field is demonstrated in this work, and the precisely atomic magnetic heating on specific SAs offers unprecedented thinking for further improvement of SACs performance in the future.
Lego‐Like Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Enables Controllable DNA‐Oligomer Formation and Spatiotemporal Amplification in Single Molecular Signaling
Authors: Wang Yesheng , Zhu Zhentong , Yu Chunmiao , Wu Ruiping , Zhu Jinbo , Li Bingling
Published: November 2022

While the solid‐state nanopore shows increasing potential during sensitive and label‐free single molecular analysis, target concentration and signal amplification method is in urgent need. In this article, a solution via designing a model nucleic acid circuit reaction that can produce “Y” shape‐structure three‐way DNA oligomers with controllable size and polymerization degree is proposed. Such a so‐called lego‐like three‐way catalytic hairpin assembly (LK‐3W‐CHA) can provide both concentration amplification (via CHA circuit) and programmable size control (via lego‐like building mode) to enhance spatiotemporal resolution in single molecular sensing of solid‐state nanopore. Oligomers containing 1–4 DNA three‐way junctions (Y monomers, Y1–Y4) are designed in proof‐of‐concept experiments and applications. When the oligomers are applied to direct translocation measurements, Y2‐Y4 can significantly increase the signal resolution and stability than that of Y1. Meanwhile, Y1 to Y4 can be used as the tags on the long DNA carrier to provide very legible secondary signals for specific identification, multiple assays, and information storage. Compared with other possible tags, Y1–Y4 provides higher signal density and amplitude, and quasi‐linear “inner reference” for each other, which may provide more systematic, reliable, and controllable experimental results.
Manipulating Halide Perovskite Passivation by Controlling Amino Acid Derivative Isoelectric Point for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Peng , Xie Lisha , Yang Shuncheng , Han Bin , Liu Jian , Chen Jiujiang , Liu Chang , Jia Runping , Yang Mengjin , Ge Ziyi
Published: November 2022

As a multigroup cross‐linking agent, amino acid derivatives contain different kinds of characteristic functional groups with different characteristics. Aiming at one of the most difficult problems, ionic defects, amino acid derivatives can passivate these defects through their multifunctional groups. Ionic defects (such as organic cations and halogen anions) mostly exist on surface and/or grain boundaries of perovskite films, and amino acid derivatives promote the formation of high‐quality perovskite films by coordinating well with these defects. Herein, the effects of two kinds of amino acids (l‐arginine and l‐glutamic acid) with contrastive isoelectric points (pIs) on perovskite film formation, defect passivation mechanism, device efficiency, flexible substrate, and thermal/moisture stability are studied. Efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells is improved from ≈20% to nearly 23% with additives on rigid substrates. High pI l‐arginine improves the open‐circuit voltage significantly, while low pI l‐glutamic acid excels in fill factor and short‐circuit current. More importantly, low pI l‐glutamic acid shows superior thermal and moisture stability, indicating inherent stronger bonding between l‐glutamic acid and perovskite.
On the influence of architectural languages on requirements traceability
Authors: Ballarín Manuel , Arcega Lorena , Pelechano Vicente , Cetina Carlos
Published: November 2022

Today, a considerable number of Architectural Languages (ALs) have been proposed for specifying and analyzing the architecture of software systems. Despite the popularity of different ALs, how ALs influence software system maintainability has not received much attention. One of the most important tasks in software maintenance is requirements traceability. Requirements traceability establishes links between requirements and other software artifacts, facilitating system maintenance. In this paper, we analyze the influence of ALs on requirements traceability. Taking into account the ALs used by the industry, we analyze how ALs influence traceability among requirements and architecture models. We conducted an evaluation with our industrial partner CAF. The results show significant differences in AL performance. We also analyze the results in terms of AL concepts, requirements model elements, and AL type in order to understand the performance differences. General‐Purpose/Research Languages achieve the best results for all of the performance indicators, providing a mean precision value of 0.51, a recall value of 0.38, a combined F‐measure of 0.40, and an Matthews Correlation Coefficient value of 0.33. Those ALs that influence engineers to use more generic and domain‐independent terms to specify their architectures obtain the best results during requirements traceability. Our results have the potential to help AL designers to improve their languages and also to help practitioners make a more informed decision about whether or not a given AL meets their traceability needs.
Waterborne Paints Based on Polymeric Semiconductor for Attachable Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ding Jiamin , Wang Dongyang , Dai Xiaojuan , Ma Yingqiao , Zhao Yue , Guan Bo , Liu Liyao , Zou Ye , Zhang Fengjiao , Di Chong-an
Published: November 2022

Organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials offer a direct way to harvest electricity from heat resources. Although OTE paints can be coated on irregular heat sources via various solution‐processing techniques, most candidates are only soluble in toxic organic solvents and require complex preparation method, limiting their wide industrial applications. Herein, an environment‐friendly waterborne colloid based on a selenium‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative (PDPPSe‐12) is utilized using a miniemulsion process to enable water‐dispersive OTE paints. The doped films not only exhibit prominent electrical conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient, but also show unexpected low thermal conductivity, yielding a maximum power factor and figure of merit value of up to 74.77 ± 1.76 μW m−1 K−2 and 0.14, respectively. More importantly, their application potential in a realistic thermoelectric generator (TEG) on a paper substrate by painting is demonstrated, which possesses an output power of 14.70 nW under a temperature difference of 19 K. For the first time, these results reveal that the fabrication of waterborne OTE paints can decrease the thermal conductivity and its integrated organic TEGs exhibit preferable performance. These results offer valuable insights for designing high‐performance OTE paints toward multiple‐energy supplier systems in an environmentally friendly way.
Target‐enrichment sequencing reveals for the first time a well‐resolved phylogeny of the core Bromelioideae (family Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Bratzel Fabian , Paule Juraj , Leebens‐Mack Jim , Leme Elton M.C. , Forzza Rafaela C. , Koch Marcus A. , Heller Sascha , Zizka Georg
Published: November 2022

A phylogenomic analysis of the so far phylogenetically unresolved subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) was performed to infer species relationships as the basis for future taxonomic treatment, stabilization of generic concept, and further analyses of evolution and biogeography of the subfamily. A target‐enrichment approach was chosen, using the Angiosperms353 v.4 kit RNA‐baits and including 86 Bromelioideae species representing previously identified major evolutionary lineages. Phylogenetic analyses were based on 125 target nuclear loci, assembled off‐target plastome as well as mitogenome reads. A Bromelioideae phylogeny with a mostly well‐resolved backbone is provided based on nuclear (194 kbp), plastome (109 kbp), and mitogenome data (34 kbp). For the nuclear markers, a coalescent‐based analysis of single‐locus gene trees was performed as well as a supermatrix analysis of concatenated gene alignments. Nuclear and plastome datasets provide well‐resolved trees, which showed only minor topological incongruences. The mitogenome tree is not sufficiently resolved. A total of 26 well‐supported clades were identified. The genera Aechmea, Canistrum, Hohenbergia, Neoregelia, and Quesnelia were revealed polyphyletic. In core Bromelioideae, Acanthostachys is sister to the remainder. Among the 26 recognized clades, 12 correspond with currently employed taxonomic concepts. Hence, the presented phylogenetic framework will serve as an important basis for future taxonomic revisions as well as to better understand the evolutionary drivers and processes in this exciting subfamily.
Lymphoma of the urinary bladder with concomitant septic peritonitis in a dog
Authors: Capasso Angelo , Monti Paola , Morey‐Matamalas Antonia , de Brot Simone , Valls Sanchez Ferran , Tappin Simon
Published: November 2022

A 6‐year‐old, female, neutered German shepherd dog presented with an acute history of stranguria and pollakiuria. The dog was depressed but the remainder of the examination was unremarkable. Urine cytology revealed severe bacteriuria and pyuria, suggesting urinary tract infection, and a low number of large atypical lymphoid cells. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of diffuse thickening of the urinary bladder wall in the area of the trigone, enlargement of the left medial iliac lymph node and a large volume of peritoneal effusion. Cytology of the lymph node confirmed large cell lymphoma, and cytology of the abdominal effusion revealed septic neutrophilic inflammation. Urinary bladder lymphoma and septic peritonitis were diagnosed, and euthanasia was elected. Full gross and histopathological postmortem examination concluded the presence of a primary urinary bladder B‐cell lymphoma. No definitive cause of the septic peritonitis could be established, but bacterial translocation from the urinary bladder was suspected.
Evaluation of the distance sampling technique to monitor gregarious species: A simulation exercise
Authors: Jacquemin Arthur , Vallecillo David , Guillemain Matthieu , Defos Du Rau Pierre , Champagnon Jocelyn
Published: November 2022

Wildlife count data are used to provide estimates of population abundance. To quantify changes in the size of populations, it is necessary to determine the precision of abundance estimates. Ground or aerial survey methods are often intended to be a census and thus do not provide estimates of precision. One solution is to switch approaches to a different sampling and estimation procedure, such as distance sampling. Using an example of the long‐term waterfowl censuses in the Camargue, a major wintering area in southern France, we used simulation to quantify the precision and cost effectiveness of transitioning to a distance sampling approach. Based on abundance and distribution data for 14 species of waterbirds (Anatidae and coot [Fulica atra]) in the Camargue, we evaluated 5 distance sampling scenarios with parallel line transects corresponding to 5 different sampling intensities. Our results suggested that, if the objective of counts is to estimate the abundance of all waterfowl together, switching from pseudo‐total to distance sampling counts would be realistic on both statistical and financial grounds. The most advantageous scenario would correspond to a sampling effort with transect lines spaced 1,000 m apart, which would allow a coefficient of variation of 0.20 for total waterfowl abundance with a 27% increase in flight costs compared to the current method. Heterogeneity in the size of detected bird groups contributed to the variability in our results, however, adjusting sampling effort from 1,750 m spaced transect to 760 m allowed reduced variation by 55%. We recommend proceeding to test flights which would allow some site‐specific parameters to be refined before changing methods. However, the distance sampling method as simulated here would prove impractical to evaluate the abundance and distribution of one species alone.
Birdwatching as a New Tourist Activity in El Hierro Geopark
Authors: Gosálvez Rey Rafael Ubaldo , Navas Berbel Adrián , López de la Nieta González de la Al Diego
Published: November 2022

Bird watching is one of the most popular ways of getting close to nature, laying the foundations for what is now known as Birdwatching or Birding, nowadays a niche within ecotourism. The Canary Islands are an exceptional centre for ornithological tourism, standing out for the presence of six endemic species that are exclusive worldwide. In this context, the island of El Hierro is the least visited island for bird watching in the Canary Islands archipelago, even though it has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve and Geopark. This paper aims to lay the foundations for the development of ornithological tourism on the island of El Hierro, following the methodology proposed by Gosálvez Rey (El Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona, 2009), Puhakka et al. (PLoS One 6, 2011) and the Ornithological Tourism Strategy for the Canary Islands (SEO/Birdlife in Estrategia de Turismo Ornitológico para la Macaronesia, 2016). A geographical analysis of the diversity of species is addressed, the most suitable trails and points for birdwatching are indicated and the mechanisms for promoting this tourist activity are outlined. The island of El Hierro has 22 species and subspecies of birds of interest for birdwatching, the best areas for birdwatching being the Natura 2000 sites (EU) and Birdlife International's IBAs. The island of El Hierro is served by a network of paths provided by the Cabildo de El Hierro and the Spanish government's Caminos Naturales programme, complemented by a set of fourteen lookout that serve as strategic points for bird watching. The challenge for the island of El Hierro will be to develop birdwatching that respects and even enhances natural values, avoiding endangering the species observed and their habitats.
Brain Imaging Methods in Social and Affective Neuroscience: A Machine Learning Perspective
Authors: Trambaiolli Lucas R. , Biazoli Claudinei E. , Sato João R.
Published: November 2022

Machine learning (ML) is a subarea of artificial intelligence which uses the induction approach to learn based on previous experiences and make conclusions about new inputs (Mitchell, Machine learning. McGraw Hill, 1997). In the last decades, the use of ML approaches to analyze neuroimaging data has attracted widening attention (Pereira et al., Neuroimage 45(1):S199–S209, 2009; Lemm et al., Neuroimage 56(2):387–399, 2011). Particularly interesting recent applications to affective and social neuroscience include affective state decoding, exploring potential biomarkers of neurological and psychiatric disorders, predicting treatment response, and developing real-time neurofeedback and brain-computer interface protocols. In this chapter, we review the bases of the most common neuroimaging techniques, the basic concepts of ML, and how it can be applied to neuroimaging data. We also describe some recent examples of applications of ML-based analysis of neuroimaging data to social and affective neuroscience issues. Finally, we discuss the main ethical aspects and future perspectives for these emerging approaches.