bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of theory of planned behavior to predictors of preconception care behavior in women of childbearing age
Authors: Nurasiah Ai , Sulaeman Endang Sutisna , Widyaningsih Vitri
Published: January 2025

Background:

Preconception care is essential for all women of childbearing age because it is the primary key to determining future health and significantly reducing maternal and infant mortality. However, millions of women do not carry out treatment because awareness to behave is still low due to lack of intention. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the theory of planned behavior on preconception care behavior in women of childbearing age.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2023 on 341 women of childbearing age in four public health centers in Kuningan Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The sampling technique and sampling method used were the Lemeshow formula and stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using Stata software. Bivariate analysis used simple linear regression tests, and multivariate analysis used structural equation modeling.

Results:

Preconception behavior was directly and positively influenced by high intention (b = 0.33; CI 95% =0.22 to 0.45; P = 0.001), high perceived behavioral control (b = 0.23; CI 95% =0.12 to 0.35; P = 0.001), and high attitude (b = 0.22; CI 95% =0.11 to 0.36; P = 0.001). Preconception care behavior was indirectly and positively influenced by subjective norms (b = 0.11; CI 95% =0.01 to 0.21; P = 0.037), perceived behavioral control (b = 0.31; CI 95% =0.22 to 0.40; P = 0.001), and attitude (b = 0.31; CI 95% =0.22 to 0.40; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The theory of planned behavior has a very important role in improving preconception behavior through intentions that have an impact on health and reducing maternal and infant mortality rates by implementing strategies to develop more appropriate and effective preconception health promotion models.
Relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement of postgraduate students
Authors: Gayary Mallika , Kalita Sima
Published: January 2025

Background:

The current research aims to explore the correlation between academic procrastination and students’ academic achievementand to examine the impact of academic procrastination on academic performance. This study addresses the challenges linked to delaying or avoiding academic tasks, which have the potential to negatively affect students’ success in their academic pursuits.

Materials and Methods:

The present research adopts a descriptive survey design and focuses on postgraduate students from Gauhati University (Session: 2022–2023). The study sample comprises 235 postgraduate students, consisting of 117 males and 118 females, and is further categorized into 115 Arts and 120 Science students. The selection of participants was done with the help of the stratified random sampling technique. The tool employed for the data collection was a self-designed scale specifically created for assessing the academic procrastination of postgraduate students. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the null hypotheses associated with the various objectives of the study. The tests employed included Chisquare, Pearson coefficient of correlation, and regression analysis.

Results:

According to the current study, almost all the students procrastinate academically; the only difference is that some procrastinate more, while some procrastinate less, and gender and stream of education do not influence in the level of procrastination. It is also found through the current study that academic procrastination and academic achievement have a negative but significant relationship, which indicates that when there is an increase in academic procrastination, there is a low academic achievement and vice versa.

Conclusion:

Academic procrastination and academic achievement have a negative but significant relationship, and academic procrastination is significantly influenced by academic achievement of students. Therefore, measures should be taken to solve the problem of academic procrastination.
Technology engagement in enhancing memory functionality in elderly care centers
Authors: Al-Habies Feras Ali Mohammad , Al Zaben Mamdouh Baniah Lafee , Al-Tarawneh Abdullah M.A , Al-Basal Nagham Mohammad Abu , Aldreabi Hanadi , Alorani Omar Ismail Hamzeh , Alsulaiman Hend Abdulaziz
Published: January 2025

Background:

Studies on technology engagement among the elderly have shown that cognitive function is associated with technology engagement. However, the impact of technology engagement on elderly memory functionality has yet to be determined. The current study investigates the impact of technology engagement on memory functionality among elderly care centers in Jordan.

Materials and Method:

A descriptive longitudinal study of population consisted of 470 residents at the selected care centers aged 65 years and above from Amman, Jordan in 2024. The purposive sampling method was used in sampling the participants. A reciprocal 2-year longitudinal study of technology engagement and memory functionality. The data was collected quantitatively using “Everyday Technology Use, Episodic Memory, Executive function, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Cognitive Assessment” tools and qualitatively using semi-structured interviews. The data analyzed descriptively and inferentially using NVivo and SPSS 23.0.

Results:

The analyzes showed that technology engagement had longitudinal positive effects on cognitive function over 2 years. The results showed that reciprocally, greater use of technology was significantly associated with better memory performance in the following years, B (SE) =0.20, SE =0.02, P < .001. The lagged effect of technology use on executive function was significant across waves, B = .27, SE =.015, P < .001. However, the lagged effect of executive function on the use of technology was not significant, B = .00, SE =.01, P = .14.

Conclusion:

The study contributed to a clearer understanding of the impact of technology engagement on memory function.
Challenges faced by doctors and nurses in the emergency department: An integrated review
Authors: Charan Gopal Singh , Kalia Raman , Dular Sunil Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Kaur Kiranpreet
Published: January 2025

Healthcare professionals in emergency departments (EDs) navigate multifaceted challenges, including strenuous environments and complex situations inherent to this high-pressure setting. This research examines the dynamics of emergency medicine, highlighting issues such as ED overcrowding, resource constraints, the emotional and ethical dilemmas of end-of-life care, and the implications of integrating advanced technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The study paves the way for potential policy reforms, educational advancements, and administrative strategies to enhance healthcare delivery in emergencies by analyzing these challenges in detail. We used thorough review methodology to analyze global evidence from 2002 to 2023, systematically searching databases like MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar with a blend of search terms, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), refining the search strategy with Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” to improve search results. A PRISMA flow diagram aided the careful selection of studies, while Zotero-6 helped remove duplicates. This collaborative process pinpointed key areas of interest, such as workload, burnout, ethics, and technology in emergency care, ensuring comprehensive review. We focused on including peer-reviewed English articles from the last twenty years, covering review articles, original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. We excluded unpublished theses and nonrelevant studies. This approach provided detailed overview of the challenges and complexities characterizing the emergency care landscape, suggesting ways to enhance practice and policy.
Navigating transfusion challenges: Bombay blood group in focus
Authors: Jain Romesh , Patil Vilasini , Sinha Pratul , Mishra Snehashish , Naik Rut
Published: January 2025

“Bombay” and “Para-Bombay” phenotypes are uncommon blood groups with absence or deficiency of H antigen. These individuals possess anti-H antibodies and crossmatching with ABO blood group packed red blood cells (PRBC) becomes incompatible. In this report, we find out alternative strategy (patient blood management) for the management of anemia in Bombay blood group patient. Case: A 49-year-old woman referred to our hospital with severe anemia (Hb = 6 gm/dl). On history patient visited to peripheral hospital with complains of fatigue and weakness. Patient was transfused one unit of group O PRBC and suffered hemolytic transfusion reaction. At our center, blood group analysis was performed by the standard tube technique. In the forward group, there was negative reaction with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB sera, and 4+ reaction was showing with anti-D sera. In reverse grouping, there was 4 + reaction with A cell, B cell, and O cell and negative reaction with autocontrol. This suggests that patient was having a strong antibody other than anti-A and anti-B, which was reacting strongly with O cell at all temperatures. Anti-H lectin reaction was negative. The patient was diagnosed with probable Bombay phenotype (hh), and we tried to manage anemia with patient blood management. Patient was started on oral iron supplementation, and after 2 month of treatment, the patient had Hb of 13.3 gm/dl with no complains of fatigue and weakness. In this report, we reiterate the importance of patient blood management and would also like to emphasize to implement the rare group registry in India.
Development and Validation of the Needs Assessment Scale for Innovative Technology Approaches to Dental Screening
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Kumar D. Sunil , Mallikarjunaswamy M.S , Arun Vanishri , Prakash G. Hari , Sunita S
Published: January 2025

Background:

The prevalence of dental disorders is high worldwide, including in India, with disparities in access to care. Novel dental devices, such as digital radiography, dental lasers, and electrical impedance spectroscopy, could improve diagnosis and treatment, but demand among health-care practitioners needs assessment.

Aim:

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive tool for assessing community dental screening needs using novel technologies.

Methodology:

A preliminary questionnaire was developed based on expert consultation, validated through face validation, and revised based on subject experts’ suggestions. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 25, and validity and reliability were checked using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The tool was validated for effectiveness and feasibility among health-care professionals, and a final version was drafted.

Results:

A tool for assessing dental caries screening needs was validated by experts and pilot-tested with health-care professionals and interns. The tool was found to have good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha values >0.7 in each domain, except for the expressed needs domain. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for all domains was 0.812. The tool categorized the participants’ overall dental screening needs, with 91.7% showing a moderate need for dental screening with novel technologies.

Conclusion:

The dental needs assessment tool has good internal consistency and validation but needs refinement for improved generalizability. It shows the potential to enhance dental care.
Pain Relief with Cryoneurolysis of Supraorbital Nerve
Authors: Bansal Akanksha , Shinde Jyoti Sanjay , Das Gautam
Published: January 2025

Supraorbital neuralgia is a severe, painful, difficult-to-treat condition that is often misdiagnosed. It is characterized by pain and tenderness in the region of the supraorbital notch and forehead, with transient pain relief with a supraorbital nerve block. Supraorbital neuralgia is resistant to pharmaceutical treatment, so non-pharmaceutical management is the preferred option, but it comes with side effects. However, newer treatment modalities such as cryoneurolysis are safe treatment options due to their reversible second-degree injury to the peripheral sensory nerve with no effect on the surrounding connective structures. In this case report, a case of supraorbital neuralgia diagnosed 7 years back with failed multiple medical management and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was performed twice. This patient presented with increased severity, frequency and longer duration of pain. Considering the reduced quality of life and failed other modalities of treatment, Ultrasound guided cryoneurolysis of right supra-orbital nerve was done, which gave immediate pain relief to the patient. This case report demonstrates the benefits of cryoneurolysis of the peripheral branch of the trigeminal nerve due to its safety profile, effectiveness, and minimal invasiveness.
Roles of central nervous system resident and recruited macrophages in the brain barrier system
Authors: Liu Ze , Cheng Teng , Dong Hongtian , Sun Dingya , Wang Yan , Li Jiayan , Yu Zhongwang , Cao Li
Published: January 2025

Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages at the brain's borders, and recruited macrophages. They are responsible for neural development, maintenance of homeostasis, and orchestrating immune responses. With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies, there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system. Here we review the origin, development, important molecules, and functions of macrophages, mainly focusing on microglia and border-associated macrophages. We also highlight some advances in single-cell sequencing and significant cell markers. We anticipate that more advanced methods will emerge to study resident and recruited macrophages in the future, opening new horizons for neuroimmunology and related peripheral immune fields.
Forniceal transconjunctival orbitotomy for giant orbital cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Damasceno Renato Wendell Ferreira
Published: January 2025

This study is a report of two patients with giant cavernous orbital hemangioma who underwent different surgical techniques of orbitotomies without and with osteotomy, respectively. The first case was a 43-year-old female patient with proptosis of her left eye (OS) since 6 months ago. The ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes (OU), superior dystopia, and nonaxial proptosis of the OS with exophthalmometry of 23 mm. The main diagnostic hypothesis was cavernous hemangioma and she underwent forniceal transconjunctival orbitotomy. The second one was a 45-year-old female patient with proptosis of her OS since 12 months ago. The ophthalmological examination demonstrated visual acuity of 1.0 in OU and axial proptosis of the OS with exophthalmometry of 25 mm. The main diagnostic hypothesis also was cavernous hemangioma and she underwent lateral orbitotomy. Both patients evolved satisfactorily, functionally, and esthetically, after the 1st month of surgery. Nevertheless, the second patient required longer surgical time and specific surgical instruments such as a piezosurgical osteotome, presented a more intense postoperative inflammatory reaction and required longer postoperative recovery time when compared to the first case that underwent forniceal transconjunctival orbitotomy without osteotomy.
Chronic iliopsoas abscess mimicking strangulated incisional hernia: A case report from tertiary care center of North India
Authors: Khemchand Agrawal Kavita , Kumar Anshul , Babal Sushant , Bansiwal Rajesh
Published: January 2025

Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is a collection of pus in the iliopsoas compartment which is an extraperitoneal space in proximity to various gastrointestinal organs, the spine, the aorta, and the kidney. The most common cause of IPA is hematogenous spread from distant sites. Percutaneous drainage and antitubercular treatment are successful in the majority of the patients rarely requiring operative intervention. We present a case of 65-year-old Asian man, a tobacco chewer who presented in emergency with long-standing history of swelling at a previous operative site in the right flank region associated with recent onset of skin discoloration and pus discharge from the site. Clinical and radiological investigation findings were suggestive of a possible strangulated incisional hernia. However, intraoperatively, it was seen that the pus pocket was exclusively extraperitoneal extending retroperitoneally in the lumbar area and without any intraperitoneal extension which suggested the presence of psoas abscess. The defect of the incisional hernia was repaired without mesh and the drain was placed in the subcutaneous plane. The patient recovered well after surgery and was discharged with a healthy wound on postoperative day 5. From this report, we conclude that a chronic IPA may track into the flank region and the subsequent incision and drainage of which may lead to weakness in the abdominal wall, may be considered to be a cause of inferior lumbar hernia with chronic tobacco chewing on part of the patient being a significant contributing factor for the abdominal muscle weakness. Therefore, prompt efforts for the treatment of an IPA must be taken to avoid this complication.
La prohibición penal del aporte electoral de personas jurídicas
Authors: Ramos Pérez César
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza las disposiciones legales que configuran un sistema de financiamiento electoral que proscribe y sanciona el aporte económico de personas jurídicas. A tales efectos, la investigación revisa el origen histórico de ese modelo de financiamiento y su contraposición con el de la Ley 19.884 original. El resultado principal de la investigación ha sido identificar el objeto de protección de las normas de comportamiento que prohibieron el aporte de personas jurídicas al financiamiento de campañas electorales y, a partir de esa determinación, realizar la tarea hermenéutica de precisar el alcance de los términos utilizados por el legislador en la configuración del delito de financiamiento electoral activo y pasivo.
Effects of sugar as admixture on setting times and compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Alhaji Musa Aminu , Almustapha Tukur , Nagande Umar , Muhammad Marafa , Abass Abdulateef Isola , Adefemi Aka
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the influence of sugar as a retarding admixture on setting times and compressive strength of concretes produced with 2-different brands of Dangote and Sokoto cements produced in Nigeria. The samples of cement paste and concrete cubes were prepared with the percentage addition levels of sugar of 0%, 0.06% and 0.1% by mass of cement. The setting times test was conducted under room temperature and simulated 43oC temperature using vicat apparatus. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 with water-cement ratio of 0.5 was adopted in the experiment and the compressive strength of hardened concrete specimens was investigated at 3, 7, and 28 days. The outcomes of the setting time test at a 43oC temperature revealed that the control paste (0% addition of sugar) exhibited significant decrease in both initial and final setting times when compared with the results at a room temperature. However, with addition of sugar in both cement brands significant improvements in the setting times were recorded especially at 0.06% addition level. Furthermore, the results of compression test at 28 days revealed that control had 30.1 N/mm2 while Dangote and Sokoto cements had maximum compressive strength at 0.06% addition of sugar of 33.4 N/mm2 and 32.1 N/mm2, respectively which represents 9.9% and 6.2% increase over the control specimen. The study therefore concluded that when an optimum percentage of 0.06% of sugar is added in the cement brands, it has the potential to increase the setting time and strength of concrete especially when concreting in a hot weather environment.
Assessment of effluent discharges into waterways from on-farm cattle breeding operations in Mubi, Adamawa State
Authors: Bwatanglang Ibrahim B. , Zira S.P. , Waniyo Yunusa Umaru , Suleiman Salihu
Published: January 2025

The emerging Cattle breeding enterprises in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria, and the unrestricted effluents discharged from the operations into water bodies are observed to be potential health risks to the residents. The runoff from the operations possesses the intrinsic mobility to contaminate the nearby surface waters and groundwater resources through surface infiltration. In this study, the suitability of the water samples from the streams and hand-dug wells across the cattle breeding farms in Mubi was evaluated for various applications using the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The results of the CCME WQI show the samples collected from the Jerre, and Gipalma streams and the wells at Gipalma across the nine cattle breeding farms are of poor/marginal ratings which proves that the samples could be unsuitable for irrigation, fisheries, livestock, and human consumption relative to the acceptable standards prescribed by the regulatory bodies. The WQI shows the water quality is almost and frequently threatened/impaired; the conditions are often (marginally, 45-67) or usually (Poor, <45) depart from the acceptable or desirable levels. Among the twenty (20) parameters analysed, the total coliform count was observed to fail the objectives widely. The total coliform detected at the Jere streams ranges from 1.27 x 106 to 1.7 x 106 Cfu/100 mL. The values recorded at Gipalma streams range from 1.40 x 106 to 1.62 x 106 Cfu/100 mL and that of the wells in the same locations ranges from 1.06 x 106 to 1.08 x 106 Cfu/100 mL.
Assessment of commercial fish feeds on the growth performance and biochemical condition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Samira I.U , Nafiu S.A
Published: January 2025

This study examined the effects of various commercial fish diets on the biochemical state and growth performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. 240 fish samples were used in the investigation, with mean weights of 136±5.12g and lengths of 19.3±1.03cm. They were examined in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates, using conventional procedures. Four treatments were assigned to them: T1 (Vital feed), T2 (Blue crown), T3 (Aquaboom), and T4 (Coppens). The study included monitoring of the following data: proximate composition, mean weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor, percentage survival rate, protein efficiency, and experimental water quality parameters. The findings showed that the mean physiochemical parameter compared between treatments and control were within the FAO (2020) guideline limits. It is evident from the proximate composition that fish grow more effectively when fed with vital meals that have high content of protein and fat. The results showed that test fish fed Vita feed had higher feed conversion rates and considerably (p<0.05) higher specific growth rates than test fish fed the other treatments. All of the treatments showed high survival rates (>80%). The fish fed with Blue Crown feed had the highest weight growth of 913.24±0.78g, followed by those fed with Coppens feed (867.06±1.21g), while the fish fed Aquaboom had the lowest (797.31±1.0). Specific growth rate was lowest in those fed Coppens (0.46) and highest in those provided with Vital feed (0.78), followed by Blue Crown (0.64). The activities of Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), and Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) in each test fish did not significantly change. It is therefore concluded that, in relation to the parameters analyzed, there were variations among the brands of fish feed. In order to achieve optimal growth, it is advised that fish feed manufacturers should carefully create a nutritionally balanced fish feed.
Evaluation of pharmacognostic and acute toxicity of Vernonia amygdalina leaves
Authors: Yunusa A.Y , Yakasai M.A , Namadina M.M
Published: January 2025

Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae) leaves have been traditionally used for managing numerous health conditions but lack standardized guidelines. This plant is known for its application in treating fever, cough, constipation, hypertension, vascular disorders, and diabetes. The current study seeks to assess the pharmacognostic features and acute toxicity of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, aiming to contribute to its standardization concerning quality, purity, and safety. Established methodologies for crude drug evaluation were employed to determine the pharmacognostic characteristics. Microscopic analysis showed anisocytic stomata and trichomes, while chemomicroscopy identified the presence of cellulose, tannins, starch, lignin, calcium oxalate, suberin, aleurone grains, and mucilage, but no calcium carbonate. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, carbohydrates, and phenols, with no glycosides or anthraquinones detected. The physico-chemical parameter averages were moisture content (5.10%), total ash (15.20%), acid-insoluble ash (15.20%), water-soluble ash (7.70%), alcohol extractive (2.60%), and water extractive (3.0%). The cytotoxicity assessment showed moderate cytotoxicity of the crude leaf extract (LC50: 29.65 μg/mL). Toxicity tests indicated LD50 values above 5000 mg/kg, with no fatalities in the test rats. These results indicate that Vernonia amygdalina extract contains phytochemical compounds that may be useful in managing various health conditions.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites among children of Marma Community, Kirikasamma Local Government Area, Jigawa State – Nigeria
Authors: Danyaro Nafisa Muhammad , Dabo Nasir Tukur , Maigari Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites and potential risk factors in different localities is essential to enhance control strategies. The present study assessed the incidence of parasitic infestation in stool samples among four hundred randomly sampled school age children living along Marma Water Channel, Jigawa State. The study was carried out for a period of 12 months (January to December, 2023). Laboratory parasitic analysis was carried out using zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) flotation technique as described by Ochei and Kolhatkar (2007). It revealed that seven (7) species of intestinal parasites from protozoa (35.66%) and helminthes (64.34%) were identified with an overall prevalence of 3.75%. Positive cases of individual parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides 17(73.91%), E. histolytica and S. intercalatum each with 2(8.69%) and hookworm and Balantidium. coli with 1(4.34%) each at Likori and Madachi respectively. However, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent helminth with 10(71.42%) in Likori and the least prevalence were hookworm and B. coli each with 1(4.34%) respectively. Infection rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) among male pupils 10(2.50) than female counterparts with 5(1.25). Also, high prevalence was recorded in pupils between 5–10years in the study areas. There was light infection among the subject examined without any alarming signs of parasitic infection. It is therefore recommended that periodic epidemiological investigation should be carried out in order to curtail the potential danger of these parasites to the inhabitants.
Carbon storage in relation to plant species of lowland dipterocarp vegetation of Gunung Ledang, Malaysia
Authors: Idris Aisha , Linatoc Alona C. , Takai Zakiyyu Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

The mitigation of carbon emissions is indispensable in the endeavour to combat climate change. The health of our planet is influenced by our forests because of the vegetation which is essential to mitigating climate change by increasing the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest. Some plants are nature’s carbon sinks, absorbing large amounts of CO2 into their biomass thereby making multi-species forests to store carbon higher than a single-species forest. Native and introduced species were selected to evaluate the carbon storage in relation to plant species of lowland dipterocarp vegetation of Gunung Ledang. The objective was achieved by measuring the photosynthetic rate of the selected plants using a portable photosynthesis system. The biomass was determined using non-destructive methods while the carbon contents were estimated using the ash content method. The results obtained show that introduced species had a higher photosynthesis rate (18.3 µmol CO2 m-2 s -1) while native species had higher carbon stock (20.37 ± 0.52 kg/plant). Consequently, the spread of introduced species should be monitored because they have less contribution to Gunung Ledang carbon storage.
Locations of the out-of-plane equilibrium points for different binaries
Authors: Gyegwe Jessica Mrumun , Oni Leke , Balogun Funmilola , Omeiza M. S.
Published: January 2025

This paper locates the Lagrangian points found on the out-of-orbital plane of motion which are called out-of-plane libration points(OLPs). The study is carried out using the model of the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) when the main bodies are assumed as oblate-radiating spheroids and radiating bodies. Two pairs of OEPs L6,7 and L8,9 have been obtained using semi-analytical and numerical means, respectively. A comparison was made between the two methods and it is seen that the locations of the OEPs deviate slightly when applied to five binary systems (Lalande 21258, BD+195116, Ross 614, 70 Ophiuchi and 61 Cygni).
Assessing the socio-economic determinants of women participation in crop cultivation in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ja’afar-Furo Muhammad R. , Bello Khalid , Madanga Agnes Philips
Published: January 2025

Women's active involvement in crop production plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and sustaining rural livelihoods. This study determined the socio-economic characteristics that influenced women’s participation in crop production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A Multi-stage, random and purposive methods of sampling were used to generate 220 respondents from eight local government areas. Structured questionnaire, group discussion and interview schedules were used for primary data collection. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, gross margin analysis, and multicollinearity tests provided insights into the intricate relationships between variables. Findings revealed the key roles of education, farming experience, household size, and farm size in significantly (p <0.05) determining women's participation in crop production. A cost-benefit ratio of .079 indicated fairly profitable enterprises in the State. Major identified challenges among women farmers included inaccessibility to credit facility, lack of extension services and expensive farm inputs. Policymakers need to ssubsidise farm inputs for women and make credit facilities available to them, with the intention of improving productivity and by extension sustainable rural community development.
Larvicidal activity, phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of crude extract derived from Ceriop decandra (Griff) against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)
Authors: Giwa-Ajeniya Abdullatif O. , Alafia Azeezat O. , Ajelara Kafayat O. , Ogun Mautin L. , Adetunji Bamidele S. , Ndimele Prince E
Published: January 2025

Mosquito borne diseases are on increase, couple with increasing effects of chemical control agents which is leading to environmental pollution. This necessitated the use of natural and eco-friendly sources for mosquito control. Record from local inhabitants have shown that certain shrubs and herbs can effectively control mosquito infestations. This present research screened the leaf, bark and root extract of Ceriops decandra (Griff) a mangrove specie from the state of Terengganu in Malaysia against third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Screening was carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) protocol of GC-MS analysis having 39 displayed metabolites from the leaf with 2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl as the major constituent, 25 metabolites from the bark with 4-O -methyl mannose as its major constituent. The root has 23 metabolites with 1-propene, 3-[(4nitrobutyl) thio as the major constituent, the probit analysis of the three plant parts showed that the leaf has the highest value with mortality of 83% to larvae with lethal concentration value of LC50 34.27±0..90 ppm, the root has 76% mortality and LC50 of 45.13±1.00 ppm and bark has the least value with 60% mortality rate of larvae, LC50 78.20±1.02 ppm. The result showed that the plant could play a major role as a sustainable and alternative control in place of chemical insecticides.
Synthesis and characterization of biodiesel from palm oil as alternative fuel for diesel engine using potassium hydroxide as catalyst
Authors: Babatunde O.A. , Yahaya R.O. , Umoru P.E.
Published: January 2025

Biodiesel was synthesized from palm oil by alkali-catalyzed trans-esterification using potassium hydroxide as the catalyst yielding palm oil biodiesel of 69.6 %, 72.4 %, 77.1 %, 71.3 % and 75.6 % from five palm oil samples. The biodiesel produced from the five samples was characterized by some of its physicochemical properties such as specific gravity, flash point, cloud point, pour point, aniline point and cetane number. The following are the results of the physicochemical properties determined specific gravity 0.876,0.884, 0.887, 0.884, 0.889, flash point 780C, 790C Cloud point 10.30C, 8.60C,10.60C, 10.40C,11.70C, pour point 2.60C1.30C 2.70C, aniline point 17.10 C, 20.00C, and cetane number 48, 55, 62, 58, 48 respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the samples shows that four methyl esters were confirmed in two of the biodieselsample while five methyl esters were confirmed in three of the biodiesel samples. The results obtained were in conformity with American Standard Testing Method (ASTM) standard D6571 and European (EN) standard 14214 and it implies that palm oil can be used to produce biodiesel.
Assessment of bacterial contamination on surgical instruments commonly used in Dutse General Hospital, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Mansur M.M. , Aliyu R. , Mustapha S.B , Maryam B.M. , Habibu A. , Harris G.N. , Mohammed A.O.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the microbial hazards associated with contaminated surgical instruments. In the operating room, medical devices that come into contact with sterile body tissues or fluids are considered critical tools that must be properly sterilized. Failure to maintain sterility can result in microbial contamination, leading to disease transmission and a significant increase in surgical site infections (SSIs). This study aimed to assess the bacterial contamination of surgical instruments at General Hospital Dutse and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacteria. A total of 20 samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from surgical instruments both before and after procedures in the Surgery Department of General Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State. The samples were cultured on selective and differential media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The isolates were subsequently identified using standard microbiological techniques, including bacterial count, microscopy, biochemical tests, and culture characterization. The identified microorganisms included Escherichia coli (17%), Staphylococcus aureus (33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%), Bacillus spp. (17%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), which were isolated from both autoclaved and nonautoclaved surgical instruments pre- and post-operation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. E. coli showed the highest sensitivity to meropenem (1.6 mm), while S. aureus was susceptible to gentamicin (5 mm) and novobiocin (10 mm). Bacillus spp. exhibited susceptibility to erythromycin (8 mm), and P. aeruginosa was sensitive to chloramphenicol (4 mm). These findings highlight that surgical instruments can serve as potential sources of nosocomial infections, with bacteria transferred through the hands of operating personnel or redistributed from contaminated surfaces during procedures. To prevent cross-contamination, it is essential to implement rigorous sterilization and decontamination protocols for surgical instruments. Advances in SSI control practices, including improved operating room ventilation, enhanced sterilization methods, optimized surgical techniques, and the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, should be consistently employed to minimize infection risks.
Antibiotics susceptibility profile of extended beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in urine samples from pregnant women attending Ajikobi Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state
Authors: Issa Bale Muritala , Okanlawon Muritala Wakil , Ibrahim Abdulrazak , Nafisat Muritala-Bale , Oluwapelumi Oluwalegan Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

One of the most frequently acquired infections is urinary tract infection and Escherichia coli is a major causative pathogen. This study aims to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli in urine samples of antenatal pregnant women attending Ajikobi Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was conducted on urine samples from 117 consented pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic between January and October 2022. They were screened for Escherichia coli and Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli using standard microbiological procedures such as growth on Eosin methylene blue, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby-Bauer protocol while ESBL production was determined by the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). A total of 117 samples were screened, 26 (22.2%) showed significant bacteriuria, and 18 (69%) E coli was isolated. The age distribution shows that 15- 20 years has a prevalence rate of 23.1%, 21- 25 years (24.1%), 26- 30 years (25%), 31-35 (21.6%), and women above 35 years (27.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity profile shows that 16.7% were resistant to gentamicin, 66.7% to cefuroxime, 27.8% to meropenem, 11.1 % to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime (33.3%), 16.7% to amoxicillin/clavulanic, 22.2 % to ciprofloxacin and 100% susceptibility to both ofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. The study shows the prevalence of ESBLproducing E. coli and the high susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and ofloxacin.
Major oxides distribution, provenance, and tectonic settings of the mudstones from Gombe Formation, Gongola Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbesejana Abiodun B. , Saleh Sunusi , Adeleye Adebayo Matthew , Bello Oluwasesan M. , Egwu Augustine C. , Yandoka Babangida M. Sarki , Musa Abdullahi
Published: January 2025

The Gombe Formation in northeastern Nigeria contains mudstones, along with other sedimentary rocks like sandstones, shales, and coals. To date, however, the major oxides geochemical studies of these mudstones are still poorly documented. The present study investigated the geochemical importance of major oxides in the mudstones from Gombe formation, Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) within the context of provenance, tectonic environments, and paleosalinity. Among the twenty (20) major oxides identified, the mudstones exhibit elevated levels of SiO2, with Al2O3 >Fe2O3>MgO>TiO2>K2O>BAO>SrO; whereas the remaining oxides demonstrated low concentrations. This suggests that mudstones were predominantly constituted of quartz minerals and were formed in marine settings. The relatively elevated levels of Fe2O3 (with an average of 3.36 %) and MgO (with an average of 2.48 %) in the samples indicated that the source rocks were likely to be mafic to ultramafic. The major oxides ratios in the mudstones indicated that the sediments were derived from a mixture of felsic igneous and mafic igneous rocks with mixed compositional maturity in close proximity to the active continental margin. This study showed that major oxides were effective in evaluating the provenance and tectonic settings of the mudstones from Gombe formation in Gongola Basin, Nigeria.
Prevalence and antibiogram of Escherichia coli species isolated from hospital wastewater and the receiving stream in Owo, Ondo State
Authors: Adesiyan I.M. , Feruke-Bello Y.M. , Adediran K.O. , EnochOghene A.E. , Owoseni M. , Adebisi O.
Published: January 2025

Wastewater effluent from tertiary hospital is a significant reservoir of pathogenic organisms and can contribute immensely to the toxicity  of receiving water bodies if not adequately treated before discharge. This current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and  antibiogram profile of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates recovered from wastewater samples collected from different wards of a  tertiary hospital in Owo and the receiving stream. A total of 76 presumptive E. coli isolates was confirmed biochemically, of which 60 were randomly selected and screened by molecular technique. Thirty-eight (38) of the isolates were confirmed using polymerase chain  reaction (PCR). High resistance was recorded against meropenem, amikacin, ceftazidime followed by ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and  gentamicin. However, 100% susceptibility to tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole and vancomycin was likewise recorded. Three predominant  antimicrobial resistance patterns detected were comprised ; GEN-CRX-CHL-CTR-CTX-CIP-CPZ-AMK-MEM with multiple antibiotic resistance  (MAR) index of 0.75, CPX-CTR-CTX-CIP-CPZ-AMK-MEM with MAR index of 0.60 and GENCTX-CIP-CPZ-AMK-MEM with MAR index  of 0.50. The study concludes that effluents discharged from the tertiary hospital serves as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant E. coli. The  MAR index values are of great public health significance, hence the need to regularly monitor and evaluate hospital effluent discharges  and ensure proper treatment before being discharged into the environment
Effect of growth media on heavy metal tolerant bacteria isolated from Owode-Onirin iron scrap market in Nigeria
Authors: Fashola M.O. , Anagun O.S. , Adebiyi K.O. , Lamidi D. , Olajumoke M.E. , Babatunde Z.A. , Andu O.A. , Odukomaiya O.A. , Shotunbi E.E.
Published: January 2025

Heavy metals often form complexes with the organic components of most growth media resulting in decrease metal availability to  bacteria cells. Hence, this study assessed different growth media used in studying heavy metal tolerance in bacteria vis elucidating the  impact of heavy metals on the biochemical traits of heavy-metal tolerant bacteria. Standard cultural techniques were used to recover  heavy metals (cadmium, lead and nickel) tolerant bacteria from Owode-Onirin metal-laden soil. The isolates were presumptively  identified using their biochemical characteristics and further authenticated using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three different heavy  metals supplemented media (nutrient broth, low-phosphate broth and Luria-Bertani broth) were used to determine the growth  and physiological effect of the metals on the selected isolates. The nine isolates obtained from the soil samples tolerated 3 mM of  cadmium, lead and nickel. The isolates recorded least growth in the low phosphate broth compared to the other two media because it  prevented complexation of the metals in the medium. The order of bacterial growth in the media is low phosphate broth < nutrient broth  < Luria-Bertani broth. Also, an increase in metal concentration resulted in loss of oxidase, catalase and pigmentation ability in some of the  isolates. This study therefore recommends the use of a minimal nutrient medium such as low phosphate broth in evaluating heavy  metal tolerance in bacteria
Conductive zones characterization using VLF-EM technique around a landfill on basement complex formation of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ojo A.O. , Ugwuanyi M.C.
Published: January 2025

The conductive zones in the vicinities of the Saje dumpsite in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria, were characterized  employing the Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) geophysical technique. The subsurface spatial distributions  were mapped, and the migration and accumulation of leachate plumes in the fault lines or fractures were indicated. The survey traverses  ranging from 140-200 m were laid from the dumpsite to the residential area with station intervals between 5 and 15 m using the ABEM  WADI VLF meter. Nine traverses were created in the North of the dumpsite in the W-E direction, while five traverses were laid in the  western region of the dumpsite in the N-S direction. The VLF meter's in-built filtering program and Fraser and Karous-Hjelt program  filtered the real signatures obtained. The results were shown as 2D KarousHjelt pseudo-sections and Fraser anomaly curves, which  depicted features with varying degrees of conductive and resistive regions in different directions. The anomaly curves showed prominent  conductive signatures, which indicated massive accumulations of contaminants from the dumpsite. Also, the orientations of the conductive dwarf peaks of the signatures suggested appreciable massive contaminant regions. Furthermore, several cavities of both  conductive and resistive responses were observed across the 2D Karous-Hjelt models to a depth of about 30 m. The results generally  revealed conductive zones to distances of 35 and 75 m on the western and northern regions of the dumpsite, respectively. The regular  patterns of conductive responses indicated fault lines as significant leachate plume trackways in the dumpsite subsurface.
Biosurfactant production and concomitant degradation of spent engine oil by Alcaligens faecalis ULAG3AF isolated from Lagos Lagoon
Authors: Ashamu T.O. , Omotayo A.E. , Adekunle A.A.
Published: January 2025

Alcaligens faecalis strain ULAG3AF was isolated from the Lagos Lagoon, an estuarine environment. The aim of the study was to  investigate the biosurfactant production potentials of this organism and explore the antimicrobial potential of the biosurfactant. The  bacterial isolate was screened for its biosurfactants production potentials using the drop collapse, oil displacement tests and  emulsification index. The strain was cultivated in an enrichment medium, Bushnell Haas Medium, supplemented with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%   spent engine oil and grown at different temperatures including 15 oC, 25 oC, 30 oC, 35 oC and 40 oC and salinity (10 mg/l, 20 mg/l,  30 mg/l and 40 mg/l of NaCl). The optimisation process involved analysing the effect of substrate concentration, temperature, and salinity  on biosurfactant production by the bacterium using the onevariable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach. Gas Chromatography and Mass  Spectrometry (GC-MS) and emulsification index were used to determine the rate of hydrocarbon degradation and the concentration of biosurfactant produced by the organism respectively. The bacterium demonstrated the ability to biodegrade different polyaromatic  hydrocarbon components of spent engine oil and produced biosurfactants with an emulsifying index of 80.9% when cultivated in a  medium containing 2%  of spent engine oil, 2% salinity (20 o mg/l of NaCl) and a temperature of 40 oC after 7 days. The biosurfactant  produced was a glycolipid with antimicrobial activities against Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and  Staphylococcus aureus.