bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of flow within developing chicken vasculature and biofabricated vascularized tissues using multimodal imaging techniques
Authors: Padmanaban Prasanna , Chizari Ata , Knop Tom , Zhang Jiena , Trikalitis Vasileios D. , Koopman Bart , Steenbergen Wiendelt , Rouwkema Jeroen
Published: September 2021

Fluid flow shear stresses are strong regulators for directing the organization of vascular networks. Knowledge of structural and flow dynamics information within complex vasculature is essential for tuning the vascular organization within engineered tissues, by manipulating flows. However, reported investigations of vascular organization and their associated flow dynamics within complex vasculature over time are limited, due to limitations in the available physiological pre-clinical models, and the optical inaccessibility and aseptic nature of these models. Here, we developed laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and side-stream dark field microscopy (SDF) systems to map the vascular organization, spatio-temporal blood flow fluctuations as well as erythrocytes movements within individual blood vessels of developing chick embryo, cultured within an artificial eggshell system. By combining imaging data and computational simulations, we estimated fluid flow shear stresses within multiscale vasculature of varying complexity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the LSCI compatibility with bioengineered perfusable muscle tissue constructs, fabricated via molding techniques. The presented application of LSCI and SDF on perfusable tissues enables us to study the flow perfusion effects in a non-invasive fashion. The gained knowledge can help to use fluid perfusion in order to tune and control multiscale vascular organization within engineered tissues.
Analysis of complex trophic networks reveals the signature of land-use intensification on soil communities in agroecosystems
Authors: Bloor Juliette M. G. , Si-Moussi Sara , Taberlet Pierre , Carrère Pascal , Hedde Mickaël
Published: September 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that agricultural intensification is a threat to many groups of soil biota, but how the impacts of land-use intensity on soil organisms translate into changes in comprehensive soil interaction networks remains unclear. Here for the first time, we use environmental DNA to examine total soil multi-trophic diversity and food web structure for temperate agroecosystems along a gradient of land-use intensity. We tested for response patterns in key properties of the soil food webs in sixteen fields ranging from arable crops to grazed permanent grasslands as part of a long-term management experiment. We found that agricultural intensification drives reductions in trophic group diversity, although taxa richness remained unchanged. Intensification generally reduced the complexity and connectance of soil interaction networks and induced consistent changes in energy pathways, but the magnitude of management-induced changes depended on the variable considered. Average path length (an indicator of food web redundancy and resilience) did not respond to our management intensity gradient. Moreover, turnover of network structure showed little response to increasing management intensity. Our data demonstrates the importance of considering different facets of trophic networks for a clearer understanding of agriculture-biodiversity relationships, with implications for nature-based solutions and sustainable agriculture.
Development of a novel self-sanitizing mask prototype to combat the spread of infectious disease and reduce unnecessary waste
Authors: Crawford Matthew J. , Ramezani Sepehr , Jabbari Roghaie , Pathak Pawan , Cho Hyoung J. , Kim Brian N. , Choi Hwan
Published: September 2021

With the spread of COVID-19, significant emphasis has been placed on mitigation techniques such as mask wearing to slow infectious disease transmission. Widespread use of face coverings has revealed challenges such as mask contamination and waste, presenting an opportunity to improve the current technologies. In response, we have developed the Auto-sanitizing Retractable Mask Optimized for Reusability (ARMOR). ARMOR is a novel, reusable face covering that can be quickly disinfected using an array of ultraviolet C lamps contained within a wearable case. A nanomembrane UVC sensor was used to quantify the intensity of germicidal radiation at 18 different locations on the face covering and determine the necessary exposure time to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in addition to other viruses and bacteria. After experimentation, it was found that ARMOR successfully provided germicidal radiation to all areas of the mask and will inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in approximately 180 s, H1N1 Influenza in 130 s, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 113 s, proving that this design is effective at eliminating a variety of pathogens and can serve as an alternative to traditional waste-producing disposable face masks. The accessibility, ease of use, and speed of sanitization supports the wide application of ARMOR in both clinical and public settings.
Having more virtual interaction partners during COVID-19 physical distancing measures may benefit mental health
Authors: Sahi Razia S. , Schwyck Miriam E. , Parkinson Carolyn , Eisenberger Naomi I.
Published: September 2021

Social interactions play an extremely important role in maintaining health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated physical distancing measures, however, restricted the number of people one could physically interact with on a regular basis. A large percentage of social interactions moved online, resulting in reports of “Zoom fatigue,” or exhaustion from virtual interactions. These reports focused on how online communication differs from in-person communication, but it is possible that when in-person interactions are restricted, virtual interactions may benefit mental health overall. In a survey conducted near the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (N2020 = 230), we found that having a greater number of virtual interaction partners was associated withbettermental health. This relationship was statistically mediated by decreased loneliness and increased perceptions of social support. We replicated these findings during the pandemic 1 year later (N2021 = 256) and found that these effects held even after controlling for the amount of time people spent interacting online. Convergent with previous literature on social interactions, these findings suggest that virtual interactions may benefit overall mental health, particularly during physical distancing and other circumstances where opportunities to interact in-person with different people are limited.

Open Science Framework repository:https://osf.io/6jsr2/.
Carboplatin response in preclinical models for ovarian cancer: comparison of 2D monolayers, spheroids, ex vivo tumors and in vivo models
Authors: Brodeur Melica Nourmoussavi , Simeone Kayla , Leclerc-Deslauniers Kim , Fleury Hubert , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane M. , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie
Published: September 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Among the key challenges in developing effective therapeutics is the poor translation of preclinical models used in the drug discovery pipeline. This leaves drug attrition rates and costs at an unacceptably high level. Previous work has highlighted the discrepancies in therapeutic response between current in vitro and in vivo models. To address this, we conducted a comparison study to differentiate the carboplatin chemotherapy response across four different model systems including 2D monolayers, 3D spheroids, 3D ex vivo tumors and mouse xenograft models. We used six previously characterized EOC cell lines of varying chemosensitivity and performed viability assays for each model. In vivo results from the mouse model correlated with 2D response in 3/6 cell lines while they correlated with 3D spheroids and the ex vivo model in 4/6 and 5/5 cell lines, respectively. Our results emphasize the variability in therapeutic response across models and demonstrate that the carboplatin response in EOC cell lines cultured in a 3D ex vivo model correlates best with the in vivo response. These results highlight a more feasible, reliable, and cost-effective preclinical model with the highest translational potential for drug screening and prediction studies in EOC.
Improving weather forecasting by assimilation of water vapor isotopes
Authors: Tada Masataka , Yoshimura Kei , Toride Kinya
Published: September 2021

Stable water isotopes, which depend on meteorology and terrain, are important indicators of global water circulation. During the past 10 years, major advances have been made in general circulation models that include water isotopes, and the understanding of water isotopes has greatly progressed as a result of innovative, improved observation techniques. However, no previous studies have combined modeled and observed isotopes using data assimilation, nor have they investigated the impacts of real observations of isotopes. This is the first study to assimilate real satellite observations of isotopes using a general circulation model, then investigate the impacts on global dynamics and local phenomena. The results showed that assimilating isotope data improved not only the water isotope field but also meteorological variables such as air temperature and wind speed. Furthermore, the forecast skills of these variables were improved by a few percent, compared with a model that did not assimilate isotope observations.
The gene repertoire of the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, cruzipain, reveals four sub-types with distinct active sites
Authors: Santos Viviane Corrêa , Oliveira Antonio Edson Rocha , Campos Augusto César Broilo , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Bartholomeu Daniella Castanheira , Teixeira Santuza Maria Ribeiro , Lima Ana Paula C. A. , Ferreira Rafaela Salgado
Published: September 2021

Cruzipains are the main papain-like cysteine proteases of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Encoded by a multigenic family, previous studies have estimated the presence of dozens of copies spread over multiple chromosomes in different parasite strains. Here, we describe the complete gene repertoire of cruzipain in three parasite strains, their genomic organization, and expression pattern throughout the parasite life cycle. Furthermore, we have analyzed primary sequence variations among distinct family members as well as structural differences between the main groups of cruzipains. Based on phylogenetic inferences and residue positions crucial for enzyme function and specificity, we propose the classification of cruzipains into two families (I and II), whose genes are distributed in two or three separate clusters in the parasite genome, according with the strain. Family I comprises nearly identical copies to the previously characterized cruzipain 1/cruzain, whereas Family II encompasses three structurally distinct sub-types, named cruzipain 2, cruzipain 3, and cruzipain 4. RNA-seq data derived from the CL Brener strain indicates that Family I genes are mainly expressed by epimastigotes, whereas trypomastigotes mainly express Family II genes. Significant differences in the active sites among the enzyme sub-types were also identified, which may play a role in their substrate selectivity and impact their inhibition by small molecules.
The role of DNA-binding and ARNT dimerization on the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Haidar Rashad , Henkler Frank , Kugler Josephine , Rosin Aline , Genkinger Doris , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas
Published: September 2021

The human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, while activation depends on its nuclear translocation. Binding to endogenous or xenobiotic ligands terminates the basal nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and stabilizes an exclusive nuclear population. The precise mechanisms that facilitate such stable nuclear accumulation remain to be clarified as essential step in the activation cascade. In this study, we have tested whether the sustained nuclear compartmentalization of ligand-bound or basal AHR might further require heterodimerization with the AHR-nuclear translocator (ARNT) and binding to the cognate XRE-motif. Mutagenesis of the DNA-binding motif or of selected individual residues in the ARNT-binding motif did not lead to any variation in AHR’s nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution. In response to ligands, all mutants were retained in the nucleus demonstrating that the stable compartmentalization of activated AHR in the nucleus is neither dependent on interactions with DNA, nor ARNT. Knocking down the ARNT gene using small interfering RNA confirmed that ARNT does not play any role in the intracellular trafficking of AHR.
Stochastic binary synapses having sigmoidal cumulative distribution functions for unsupervised learning with spike timing-dependent plasticity
Authors: Nishi Yoshifumi , Nomura Kumiko , Marukame Takao , Mizushima Koichi
Published: September 2021

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is widely studied as a fundamental synaptic update rule for neuromorphic hardware, requires precise control of continuous weights. From the viewpoint of hardware implementation, a simplified update rule is desirable. Although simplified STDP with stochastic binary synapses was proposed previously, we find that it leads to degradation of memory maintenance during learning, which is unfavourable for unsupervised online learning. In this work, we propose a stochastic binary synaptic model where the cumulative probability of the weight change evolves in a sigmoidal fashion with potentiation or depression trials, which can be implemented using a pair of switching devices consisting of serially connected multiple binary memristors. As a benchmark test we perform simulations of unsupervised learning of MNIST images with a two-layer network and show that simplified STDP in combination with this model can outperform conventional rules with continuous weights not only in memory maintenance but also in recognition accuracy. Our method achieves 97.3% in recognition accuracy, which is higher than that reported with standard STDP in the same framework. We also show that the high performance of our learning rule is robust against device-to-device variability of the memristor's probabilistic behaviour.
Selective 13C labelling reveals the electronic structure of flavocoenzyme radicals
Authors: Schleicher Erik , Rein Stephan , Illarionov Boris , Lehmann Ariane , Al Said Tarek , Kacprzak Sylwia , Bittl Robert , Bacher Adelbert , Fischer Markus , Weber Stefan
Published: September 2021

Flavocoenzymes are nearly ubiquitous cofactors that are involved in the catalysis and regulation of a wide range of biological processes including some light-induced ones, such as the photolyase-mediated DNA repair, magnetoreception of migratory birds, and the blue-light driven phototropism in plants. One of the factors that enable versatile flavin-coenzyme biochemistry and biophysics is the fine-tuning of the cofactor’s frontier orbital by interactions with the protein environment. Probing the singly-occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of the intermediate radical state of flavins is therefore a prerequisite for a thorough understanding of the diverse functions of the flavoprotein family. This may be ultimately achieved by unravelling the hyperfine structure of a flavin by electron paramagnetic resonance. In this contribution we present a rigorous approach to obtaining a hyperfine map of the flavin’s chromophoric 7,8-dimethyl isoalloxazine unit at an as yet unprecedented level of resolution and accuracy. We combine powerful high-microwave-frequency/high-magnetic-field electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) with 13C isotopologue editing as well as spectral simulations and density functional theory calculations to measure and analyse 13C hyperfine couplings of the flavin cofactor in DNA photolyase. Our data will provide the basis for electronic structure considerations for a number of flavin radical intermediates occurring in blue-light photoreceptor proteins.
Effect of disconnection of deformable units on the mobility and stiffness of 3D prismatic modular origami structures using angular kinematics
Authors: Xiao Kai , Zhou Xiang , Ju Jaehyung
Published: September 2021

Architected modular origami structures show potential for future robotic matter owing to their reconfigurability with multiple mobilities. Similar to modular robots, the units of modular origami structures do not need to be assembled in a fully packed fashion; in fact, disconnection can provide more freedom for the design of mobility and functionality. Despite the potential of expanded design freedom, the effect of the disconnection of units on the mobility and physical properties has not yet been explored in modular origami structures. Determining the mobility and weak spots of modular origami structures is significant to enable transformation with minimum energy. Herein, we investigate the effect of the disconnection of units on the mobility and stiffness of architected modular origami structures with deformable units using angular kinematics of geometry and topology of units and closed loops. Angular kinematics provides a valuable tool for investigating the complex mobility of architected modular origami structures with the disconnection of loops. The mobility of the network structure is a function not only of the number of disconnections but also of the topology of the loop. In contrast to the conventional negative perception of defects or disconnection in these materials, the disconnection can potentially be used to expand the design space of mobility for future robotic matter. Our findings can be used to develop powerful design guidelines for topologically reconfigurable structures for soft modular robots, active architected materials, implanted modular devices, deployable structures, thermal metamaterials, and active acoustic metamaterials.
Cruciate ligament force of knees following mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is larger than the preoperative value
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Inui Hiroshi , Tomita Tetsuya , D’Lima Darryl D. , Yamazaki Takaharu , Konda Shoji , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kawaguchi Kohei , Sameshima Shin , Kage Tomofumi , Tanaka Sakae
Published: September 2021

We analyzed the implantation effects on cruciate ligament force in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and determined whether kinematics is associated with the cruciate ligament force. We examined 16 patients (17 knees) undergoing medial UKA. Under fluoroscopy, each participant performed a deep knee bend before and after UKA. A two-dimensional/three-dimensional registration technique was employed to measure tibiofemoral kinematics. Forces in the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of both the anterior cruciate ligament (aACL and pACL) and the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles of the posterior cruciate ligament (aPCL and pPCL) during knee flexion were analyzed pre- and post-UKA. Correlations between changes in kinematics and ligament forces post-UKA were also analyzed. Preoperatively, the aACL forces were highly correlated with anteroposterior (AP) translation of the lateral condyles (Correlation coefficient [r] = 0.59). The pPCL forces were highly correlated with the varus–valgus angulation (r =  − 0.57). However, postoperatively, the PCL forces in both bundles were highly correlated with the AP translation of the medial femoral condyle (aPCL: r = 0.62, pPCL: r = 0.60). The ACL and PCL forces of the knees post-UKA were larger than those of the knees pre-UKA. Kinematic changes were significantly correlated with the cruciate ligament force changes.
Genome-wide identification, evolution, and transcript profiling of Aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily in potato during development stages and stress conditions
Authors: Islam Md. Sifatul , Hasan Md. Soyib , Hasan Md. Nazmul , Prodhan Shamsul H. , Islam Tahmina , Ghosh Ajit
Published: September 2021

The Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily comprises a group of enzymes involved in the scavenging of toxic aldehyde molecules by converting them into their corresponding non-toxic carboxylic acids. A genome-wide study in potato identified a total of 22 ALDH genes grouped into ten families that are presented unevenly throughout all the 12 chromosomes. Based on the evolutionary analysis of ALDH proteins from different plant species, ALDH2 and ALDH3 were found to be the most abundant families in the plant, while ALDH18 was found to be the most distantly related one. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of StALDH genes is highly tissue-specific and divergent in various abiotic, biotic, and hormonal treatments. Structural modelling and functional analysis of selected StALDH members revealed conservancy in their secondary structures and cofactor binding sites. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive information on the ALDH gene family in potato that will help in developing a framework for further functional studies.
P16INK4A expression might be associated with a favorable prognosis for cervical adenocarcinoma via dysregulation of the RB pathway
Authors: Ishikawa Masako , Nakayama Kentaro , Nakamura Kohei , Yamashita Hitomi , Ishibashi Tomoka , Minamoto Toshiko , Sawada Kiyoka , Yoshimura Yuki , Iida Kouji , Razia Sultana , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Nakayama Satoru , Otsuki Yoshiro , Kyo Satoru
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have largely failed to clarify the relationship between p16INK4A status and cervical adenocarcinoma prognosis. The current study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological significance of p16INK4A expression in several cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. Eighty-two samples collected from patients with cervical adenocarcinoma were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Next, p16INK4A levels were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the relationship between p16INK4A expression and clinicopathological factors as well as prognosis was evaluated. The expression of p16INK4A was mostly detected in all usual cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. In the gastric type, only a few cases were positive for p16INK4A expression. Results of the Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the positive p16INK4A expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with favorable progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively, log-rank test). Our findings suggest that the status of p16INK4A expression may influence prognosis. Thus, p16INK4A expression could be used as a biomarker for improving the prognosis of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.
Association between diabetes status and subsequent onset of glaucoma in postmenopausal women
Authors: Jung Younhea , Han Kyungdo , Ohn Kyoung , Kim Da Ran , Moon Jung II
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of glaucoma based on diabetes status using a large nationwide longitudinal cohort of postmenopausal women. This study included 1,372,240 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years who underwent National Health Screening Program in 2009. Subjects were classified into the following 5 categories based on diabetes status: no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), new onset diabetes, diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication, and diabetes treated with insulin. Subjects were followed from 2005 through 2018, and hazard ratios of glaucoma onset were calculated for each group. Subgroup analyses of subjects stratified by age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were performed. During the follow up period, 42,058 subjects developed glaucoma. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.061 (95% CI, 1.036–1.086) in the IFG group, 1.151 (95% CI, 1.086–1.220) in the new onset diabetes group, 1.449 (95% CI, 1.406–1.493) in the diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication group, and 1.884(95% CI, 1.777–1.999) in the diabetes treated with insulin group compared to the no diabetes group. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses after stratifying by age, lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking), and comorbidities (hypertension and dyslipidemia). Diabetes status is associated with increased risk of glaucoma development in postmenopausal women.
Functions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in emotion regulation under stress
Authors: Suzuki Yukihiro , Tanaka Saori C.
Published: September 2021

Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to regulation of emotion. However, the adaptive response of the vmPFC under acute stress is not understood. We used fMRI to analyse brain activity of people viewing and rating the emotional strength of emotional images after acute social stress. Here, we show that the vmPFC is strongly activated by highly emotional images, indicating its involvement in emotional regulation, and that the midbrain is activated as a main effect of stress during the emotional response. vmPFC activation also exhibits individual differences in behavioural scores reflecting individual reactions to stress. Moreover, functional connectivity between the vmPFC and midbrain under stress reflects stress-induced emotion regulation. Those results suggest that the functions of the network including the vmPFC in emotion regulation is affected by stress depending on the individuals' level of reaction to the stress.
Characteristics of pulmonary microvascular structure in postnatal yaks
Authors: Wan Ruidong , Zhao Ziqi , Zhao Min , Hu Ke , Zhai Jiaxin , Yu Hongxian , Wei Qing
Published: September 2021

Yaks are typical plateau-adapted animals, however the microvascular changes and characteristics in their lungs after birth are still unclear. Pulmonary microvasculature characteristics and changes across age groups were analysed using morphological observation and molecular biology detection in yaks aged 1, 30 and 180 days old in addition to adults. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that yaks have fully developed pulmonary alveolar at birth but that interalveolar thickness increased with age. Immunofluorescence observations showed that microvessel density within the interalveolar septum in the yak gradually increased with age. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the blood–air barrier of 1-day old and 30-days old yaks was significantly thicker than that observed at 180-days old and in adults (P < 0.05), which was caused by the thinning of the membrane of alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore,VegfaandEpas1expression levels in 30-day old yaks were the highest in comparison to the other age groups (P < 0.05), whilst levels in adult yaks were the lowest (P < 0.05). The gradual increase in lung microvessel density can effectively satisfy the oxygen requirements of ageing yaks. In addition, these results suggest that the key period of yak lung development is from 30 to 180 days.
The nose is the best niche for detection of experimental pneumococcal colonisation in adults of all ages, using nasal wash
Authors: Nikolaou Elissavet , German Esther L. , Blizard Annie , Howard Ashleigh , Hitchins Lisa , Chen Tao , Chadwick Jim , Pojar Sherin , Mitsi Elena , Solórzano Carla , Sunny Syba , Dunne Felicity , Gritzfeld Jenna F. , Adler Hugh , Hinds Jason , Gould Katherine A. , Rylance Jamie , Collins Andrea M. , Gordon Stephen B. , Ferreira Daniela M.
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have suggested that the pneumococcal niche changes from the nasopharynx to the oral cavity with age. We use an Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge model to investigate pneumococcal colonisation in different anatomical niches with age. Healthy adults (n = 112) were intranasally inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B (Spn6B) and were categorised as young 18–55 years (n = 57) or older > 55 years (n = 55). Colonisation status (frequency and density) was determined by multiplex qPCR targeting the lytA and cpsA-6A/B genes in both raw and culture-enriched nasal wash and oropharyngeal swab samples collected at 2-, 7- and 14-days post-exposure. For older adults, raw and culture-enriched saliva samples were also assessed. 64% of NW samples and 54% of OPS samples were positive for Spn6B in young adults, compared to 35% of NW samples, 24% of OPS samples and 6% of saliva samples in older adults. Many colonisation events were only detected in culture-enriched samples. Experimental colonisation was detected in 72% of young adults by NW and 63% by OPS. In older adults, this was 51% by NW, 36% by OPS and 9% by saliva. The nose, as assessed by nasal wash, is the best niche for detection of experimental pneumococcal colonisation in both young and older adults.
Effects of different salt sources and salinity levels on emergence and seedling growth of faba bean genotypes
Authors: Bimurzayev Nurlykhan , Sari Hatice , Kurunc Ahmet , Doganay Kıvanc Hayri , Asmamaw Mulat
Published: September 2021

Suitability of poor quality water for irrigation depends on salinity level and solute concentration in the water and selected crop. Salt stress is a major potential constraint for faba bean. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different Cl- and SO4-containing salt sources in irrigation water with different salinity levels on emergence, early seedling growth and photosynthetic capacity of six faba bean genotypes. The negative effect order of salinity level was high (3 dS/m) > medium (2 dS/m) > low (1 dS/m) > control (0.05 dS/m) for all investigated parameters except dry root weight. The negative effects of Cl-containing salt sources were higher than that of SO4-containing salt sources. The worst and the best performing genotypes were determined as III-28 and III-29 on emergence percentage at 10th DAS, I-29 and III-1 on mean emergence time, III-22 and III-1 on shoot height, III-1 and I-29 on fresh biomass weight, III-22 and III-28 on fresh shoot weight, III-29 and I-29 on fresh root weight, respectively. This study showed that faba bean genotypes have different behaviors in terms of response to the increasing salinity levels artificially makeup by using different salt sources indicating that salt response of faba bean is genotype-specific.
Co-dependency of exchanged behaviors is a cue for agency attribution in 10-month-olds
Authors: Tauzin Tibor , Gergely György
Published: September 2021

Goal-directed social interactions (whether instrumental or communicative) involve co-dependent, partially predictable actions of interacting agents as social goals cannot be achieved by continuously exchanging the same, perfectly predictable, or completely random behaviors. We investigated whether 10-month-olds are sensitive to the co-dependence and degree of predictability in an interactive context where unfamiliar entities exchanged either perfectly predictable (identical), partially predictable (co-dependent), or non-predictable (random) signal sequences. We found that when—following the interactive exchanges—one of the entities turned in the direction of one of two lateral target objects, infants looked more at the indicated referent, but only in the partially predictable signals condition. This shows that infants attributed agency to the orienting entity and interpreted its turning action as a referential object-directed action. The present findings suggest that the co-dependency and partial predictability of exchanged behaviors can serve as an abstract structural cue to attribute intentional agency and recognize goal-directed social interactions.
Tri-primer-enhanced strand exchange amplification combined with rapid lateral flow fluorescence immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhuang Linlin , Gong Jiansen , Ma Ming , Ji Yongxin , Tian Peilong , Mei Xiuming , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2021

A novel, rapid and sensitive lateral flow fluorescence immunoassay combined with tri-primer-enhanced strand exchange amplification (ESEA-LFIA) for the quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 was developed.
4-Hydrazinoquinazoline acting as a reactive matrix for the rapid and sensitive analysis of neutral and sialylated glycans using MALDI MS
Authors: Ling Ling , Yu Shaoning , Ding Chuanfan
Published: September 2021

A reactive MALDI matrix 4-hydrazinoquinazoline was used for the enhanced detection of both neutral and sialylated glycans via the dried-droplet method.
Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation and (4+2) annulation of aromatic hydroxamic acid esters with allylic amides
Authors: Giri Chandan Kumar , Dana Suman , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: September 2021

A (4+2) annulation under Ru(ii)-catalysis is reported using aromatic hydroxamic acid esters as the oxidizing directing group and allylic amides as unactivated olefin coupling partners, delivering a wide variety of aminomethyl isoquinolinones in good to excellent yields.
Pressure-induced superconducting CS2H10 with an H3S framework
Authors: Du Mingyang , Zhang Zihan , Cui Tian , Duan Defang
Published: September 2021

Crystal structures of two novel phases P3m1 and Cmc21 of metastable CS2H10 with CH4 molecules inserted into an H3S framework. The Tc values of P3m1 and Cmc21 calculated with the Eliashberg equation are 95 K at 50 GPa and 155 K at 150 GPa, respectively.
A graphene–Mo2C heterostructure for a highly responsive broadband photodetector
Authors: Bao Xiaozhi , Sun Tian , Liu Yan , Xu Chuan , Ma Weiliang , Guo Junpo , Zheng Yun , Nanjunda Shivananju Bannur , Liu Huating , Huang Zongyu , Li Shaojuan , Lin Shenghuang , Xing Guichuan , Ren Wencai , Bao Qiaoliang , Shao Huaiyu
Published: September 2021

A photodetector based on a graphene–Mo2C heterostructure delivers very high responsivities from visible to infrared telecommunication wavelengths.
Recent advances in metal/covalent organic framework-based electrochemical aptasensors for biosensing applications
Authors: Yuan Rongrong , Li Hong-Kai , He Hongming
Published: September 2021

This review provides recent studies on the development of metal/covalent organic framework-based electrochemical aptasensors for biosensing applications.
Polyoxometalate@MOF derived porous carbon-supported MoO2/MoS2 octahedra boosting high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Yu Jian , Wang Ming-Liang , Yang Zhong-Xi , Li Kui , Yang Xiao-Peng , Gao Guang-Gang , Yin Di , Fan Lin-Lin , Liu Hong
Published: September 2021

C-MoO2/MoS2 octahedral heterostructure is fabricated from NENU-5, in which the ordered dispersion and encapsulation of POM at the molecular level can be achieved. The high capacitive contribution results in the fast lithiation/delithiation processes.
Tetranuclear Cr–Ln ferrocenecarboxylate complexes with a defect-dicubane structure: synthesis, magnetism, and thermolysis
Authors: Koroteev Pavel S. , Dobrokhotova Zhanna V. , Ilyukhin Andrey B. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Yapryntsev Alexey D. , Rouzières Mathieu , Clérac Rodolphe , Efimov Nikolay N.
Published: September 2021

New Cr–Fe–Ln complexes with ferrocenecarboxylate and triethanolamine ligands are obtained. Tb, Dy and Ho complexes are SMMs, and Dy one has the anisotropy barrier of 75 K. Thermolysis of complexes leads to Cr0.75Fe1.25O3 and LnCr0.25Fe0.75O3 phases.
Comparative study on the mechanisms of anti-lung cancer activities of three sulfated galactofucans
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Wu Wanli , Bao Yizhong , Yan Xiaojun , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Jin Weihua , Mao Genxiang
Published: September 2021

Sulfated galactofucans, as the active compositions of fucoidan, were reported to exhibit antitumor activity.
Encapsulation of curcumin in CD-MOFs: promoting its incorporation into water-based products and consumption
Authors: Sun Qianyu , Sheng Jie , Yang Rendang
Published: September 2021

Curcumin is encapsulated in CD-MOFs to enhance its solubility and stability in aqueous solutions through the dissociation of CD-MOFs.
Depletion of gut secretory immunoglobulin A coatedLactobacillus reuteriis associated with gestational diabetes mellitus-related intestinal mucosal barrier damage
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Qi Ce , Zhao Yuning , Lu Mengyao , Li Xinyue , Zhou Jingbo , Dang Hongyang , Cui Mengjun , Miao Tingting , Sun Jin , Li Duo
Published: September 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be related to intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation-induced dysbiosis of secretory IgA (SIgA) coated microbiota. SIgA coatedL. reuterican reduce the level of inflammation of GDMin vitro.
Correction: Lignin amination valorization: heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of aniline and benzylamine from lignin-derived chemicals
Authors: Rong Yue , Ji Na , Yu Zhihao , Diao Xinyong , Li Hanyang , Lei Yaxuan , Lu Xuebin , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Lignin amination valorization: heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of aniline and benzylamine from lignin-derived chemicals’ by Yue Rong et al., Green Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1gc02741g.
Tailoring double-layer aromatic polymers with multi-active sites towards high performance aqueous Zn–organic batteries
Authors: Zhao Yi , Huang Yongxin , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li
Published: September 2021

Unlike most reported organic–inorganic cathodes, the organic–organic zinc hosts can fully exploit the flexible structures and various redox chemistries of the organics.
Advances in wearable textile-based micro energy storage devices: structuring, application and perspective
Authors: Duan Yixue , You Gongchuan , Sun Kaien , Zhu Zhe , Liao Xiaoqiao , Lv Linfeng , Tang Hui , Xu Bin , He Liang
Published: September 2021

Wearable textile-based micro energy storage devices: construction, fundamental technique, functionalization.
Synthesis and photoelectric properties of IrIII complexes using fluorobenzylimidazole[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as primary ligands
Authors: Si Peng-bin , Zhe Hai-feng , Zhou Ai-hui , Liu Xiao-qing , Teng Ming-yu , Rong Mei-zhu , Wang Yu-fei , Wang Qin , Wang Zheng-liang , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2021

Twelve novel phosphorescent IrIII complexes based on fluorobenzimidazole[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as primary ligands with luminescent nearly full colors.
Mechanically strong, transparent, and biodegradable wood-derived film
Authors: Sun Hao , Ji Tong , Zhou Xinyuan , Bi Hongjie , Xu Min , Huang Zhenhua , Cai Liping
Published: September 2021

Mechanically strong, transparent, and biodegradable wood-derived film is developed by micro/nano design.
sp-Hybridized nitrogen doped graphdiyne for high-performance Zn–air batteries
Authors: Zhao Yasong , Wan Jiawei , Yang Nailiang , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: September 2021

The sp-hybridized nitrogen atoms (sp-N) have been site-specifically doped into graphdiyne (GDY). The precisely constructed sp-N doped GDY displays superior electrocatalytic activity for Zn–air batteries.
Synthesis of N-acylbenzimidazoles through [4 + 1] annulation of N-arylpivalimidamides with dioxazolones
Authors: Song Xia , Cai Xinyuan , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: September 2021

Presented herein is a novel and efficient synthesis of N-acylbenzimidazoles through an unprecedented [4 + 1] annulation of N-arylpivalimidamides with dioxazolones.
An MeSeSO3Na reagent for oxidative aminoselenomethylation of maleimides
Authors: Wu Ge , Yao Yujing , Zhang Wenliang
Published: September 2021

Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of an MeSeSO3Na reagent, which proved to be a versatile selenomethylation reagent for copper-catalyzed aminoselenomethylation of maleimides.
Effect of simulated saliva components on the in vitro digestion of peanut oil body emulsion
Authors: Wang Qian , Gao Chao , Yang Nan , Nishinari Katsuyoshi
Published: September 2021

Glycosidic bonds exist on the surface of OBs, and α-amylase in saliva breaks the glycosidic bonds, promoting gastrointestinal digestion of OBs.
Azine-N-oxides as effective controlling groups for Rh-catalysed intermolecular alkyne hydroacylation
Authors: Moseley Daniel F. , Kalepu Jagadeesh , Willis Michael C.
Published: September 2021

Heterocycle-derived aldehydes are challenging substrates in metal-catalysed hydroacylation chemistry; using the N-oxide derivatives allows efficient reactions to be achieved.
Thermal annealing effects on hydrothermally synthesized unsupported MoS2 for enhanced deoxygenation of propylguaiacol and kraft lignin
Authors: Cheah You Wayne , Salam Muhammad Abdus , Sebastian Joby , Ghosh Sreetama , Öhrman Olov , Creaser Derek , Olsson Louise
Published: September 2021

Annealed unsupported MoS2 catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis was studied for hydrodeoxygenation of propylguaiacol and hydrotreatment of kraft lignin.
A gradient poly(vinyl alcohol)/polysaccharides composite film towards robust and fast stimuli-responsive actuators by interface co-precipitation
Authors: Huang Bai , Zhu Ge , Wang Shuzhan , Li Qunyang , Viguié Jérémie , He Hui , Dufresne Alain
Published: September 2021

The fabricated films have excellent mechanical properties and can quickly perform predictable complex deformation to simulate blooming states of flowers.
Factors Explaining Deficits in Reading Acquisition: The Case of Williams Syndrome
Authors: Pezzino Anne-Sophie , Marec-Breton Nathalie , Gonthier Corentin , Lacroix Agnès
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Multiple factors impact reading acquisition in individuals with reading disability, including genetic disorders such as Williams syndrome (WS). Despite a relative strength in oral language, individuals with WS usually have an intellectual disability and tend to display deficits in areas associated with reading. There is substantial variability in their reading skills. While some authors have postulated that phonological deficits are at the source of their reading deficits, others have suggested that they can be attributed to visuospatial deficits. This study was the first to undertake an in-depth exploration of reading skills among French-speaking children and adults with WS. We tested the assumption that some factors influence performance on single-word identification among individuals with WS, with a focus on the roles of phonological awareness and visuospatial skills.

Method

Participants were 29 French-speaking adults with WS and 192 controls matched for nonverbal mental age and reading level. We administered tests assessing reading (decoding and word recognition), vocabulary (expressive and receptive), and phonological and visuospatial skills. We also controlled for chronological age and nonverbal reasoning.

Results

Phonemic awareness was the most predictive factor of single-word identification in the WS group. Visuospatial skills also contributed, but not more or beyond other factors. More broadly, reasoning skills may also have accounted for the variability in single-word identification in WS, but this was not the case for either chronological age or vocabulary.

Conclusions

There is considerable heterogeneity among adults with WS, who may be either readers or prereaders. Similar profiles identified among individuals with other specific learning disabilities suggest that high reading variability is not specific to the neuropsychological profile of WS. We discuss a multidimensional approach to the factors involved in reading deficits in WS.
How drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets
Authors: Schneider Aaron David , Bitsch Bertram
Published: September 2021

Upcoming studies of extrasolar gas giants will give precise insights into the composition of planetary atmospheres, with the ultimate goal of linking it to the formation history of the planet. Here, we investigate how drifting and evaporating pebbles that enrich the gas phase of the disk influence the chemical composition of growing and migrating gas giants. To achieve this goal, we perform semi-analytical 1D models of protoplanetary disks, including viscous evolution, pebble drift, and evaporation, to simulate the growth of planets from planetary embryos to Jupiter-mass objects by the accretion of pebbles and gas while they migrate through the disk. The gas phase of the protoplanetary disk is enriched due to the evaporation of inward drifting pebbles crossing evaporation lines, leading to the accretion of large amounts of volatiles into the planetary atmosphere. As a consequence, gas-accreting planets are enriched in volatiles (C, O, N) compared to refractories (e.g., Mg, Si, Fe) by up to a factor of 100, depending on the chemical species, its exact abundance and volatility, and the disk’s viscosity. A simplified model for the formation of Jupiter reveals that its nitrogen content can be explained by inward diffusing nitrogen-rich vapor, implying that Jupiter did not need to form close to the N2evaporation front as indicated by previous simulations. However, our model predicts an excessively low oxygen abundance for Jupiter, implying either Jupiter’s migration across the water ice line (as in the grand tack scenario) or an additional accretion of solids into the atmosphere (which can also increase Jupiter’s carbon abundance, ultimately changing the planetary C/O ratio). The accretion of solids, on the other hand, will increase the refractory-to-volatile ratio in planetary atmospheres substantially. We thus conclude that the volatile-to-refractory ratio in planetary atmospheres can place a strong constraint on planet formation theories (in addition to elemental ratios), especially on the amount of solids accreted into atmospheres, making it an important target for future observations.
Joint preservation surgery in grade 2 and 3 giant cell tumors of bone around the knee
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Rai Alok , Dinesh Iyer R , Surana Rishabh , Sharma Divyansh
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of joint preservation surgery in high-grade giant cell tumors (GCT) around the knee joint.Methods: A retrospective review of 25 patients of high-grade GCT (Campanacci grade 2 and 3) involving proximal tibia or distal femur managed by extended curettage, bone grafting, and stabilization with knee spanning external fixator between 2016 and 2018 was done. The radiographic outcomes, functional outcomes (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society [MSTS] score for lower limb), and complications including donor site morbidity were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the patient population was 24.04 years with an average follow-up period of 30.24 months. Fourteen patients had involvement of distal femur, and 11 involved proximal tibia. There were 16 cases of grade 2 lesions and 9 cases of grade 3 lesions. Twenty-four out of the 25 patients had radiological consolidation of graft, while one patient had graft subsidence. Twenty-two out of 25 patients had full extension and knee flexion more than 100 degrees. The mean MSTS score was 25.2. Three patients had an MSTS score under 20. All three patients had an extension lag with a restricted range of motion.Conclusion: Joint preservation surgery, when done in line with the basic principles of tumor surgery, gives good radiographic and functional outcomes even in grade 2 and 3 giant cell tumors of bone around the knee and should be attempted before replacement surgeries.