bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Counseling and Testing in a Community Setting: Quality, Access, and Efficiency
Authors: Cohen Stephanie A. , Bradbury Angela , Henderson Vida , Hoskins Kent , Bednar Erica , Arun Banu K.
Published: May 2019

There is an increasing need for genetic counseling and testing for individuals diagnosed with cancer, as treatment may be affected by the results. In addition, the identification of individuals before a diagnosis of cancer allows for optimal surveillance and early detection and prevention of cancer. With the recognition that as much as 10% of all cancers are hereditary, there is a growing need to improve access to genetic counseling and genetic testing, both before and at the time of diagnosis. This article focuses on models of identifying at-risk patients, including underserved communities; providing genetic counseling and testing in community practices; using telehealth; and collaborating with nongenetics health care providers and technological solutions to maximize efficiency and access.
Epidemiology and Implementation of Cancer Prevention in Disparate Populations and Settings
Authors: Lopez Ana Maria , Hudson Lauren , Vanderford Nathan L. , Vanderpool Robin , Griggs Jennifer , Schonberg Mara
Published: May 2019

Successful cancer prevention strategies must be tailored to support usability. In this article, we will focus on cancer prevention strategies in populations that differ by race and ethnicity, place and location, sexual orientation and gender identity, and age by providing examples of effective approaches. An individual may belong to none of these categories, to all of these categories, or to some. This intersectionality of belonging characterizes individuals and shapes their experiences. Even within a category, broad diversity exists. Effective cancer prevention strategies comprehensively engage the community at multiple levels of influence and may effectively include lay health workers and faith-based cancer education interventions. Health system efforts that integrate cancer health with other health promotion activities show promise. At the individual physician level, culturally literate approaches have demonstrated success. For example, when discussing cancer screening tests with older adults, clinicians should indicate whether any data suggest that the screening test improves quality or quantity of life and the lag time to benefit from the screening test. This will allow older adults to make an informed cancer screening decision based on a realistic understanding of the potential benefits and risks and their values and preferences. Addressing individual and health system bias remains a challenge. Quality improvement strategies can address gaps in quality of care with respect to timeliness of care, coordination of care, and patient experience. The time is ripe for research on effective and interdisciplinary prevention strategies that harness expertise from preventive medicine, behavioral medicine, implementation science, e-health, telemedicine, and other diverse fields of health promotion.
CHIP, CCUS, and Other Acronyms: Definition, Implications, and Impact on Practice
Authors: DeZern Amy E. , Malcovati Luca , Ebert Benjamin L.
Published: May 2019

Unexplained blood cytopenias can be a clinical challenge for patients and clinicians alike. The relationship between these cytopenias and myeloid neoplasms like myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is currently an area of active research. There have been marked developments in our understanding of clonal hematopoiesis based on findings of somatic mutations in genes known to be associated with MDS. This has led to newer terms to describe precursor states to MDS, such as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). These conditions may allow earlier diagnosis, modify surveillance for MDS, and guide additional therapies. This review summarizes recent updates in the field for affected patients.
The Power of Social Media for HPV Vaccination–Not Fake News!
Authors: Teoh Deanna
Published: May 2019

The Fogg theory of mass interpersonal communication suggests that social media has the ability to combine the credibility of interpersonal persuasion with mass media, resulting in a desired attitude or behavior among a large group of people. Although social media can be a very effective way of communicating health recommendations, they can also be used to spread incorrect information (a.k.a., fake news). Content analyses of social media show a mix of positive and negative messaging regarding vaccination against HPV, and sentiment may vary by social media site. Positive messages are more likely to appeal to logic, citing facts and statistics, whereas negative messages are more likely to use personal stories to appeal to emotions. An ecologic study has shown a correlation between the predominant HPV vaccine sentiment in a state and statewide HPV vaccine coverage, suggesting social media messaging has the ability to influence HPV vaccination decisions.
Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Trial Enrollment
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Hong Kessely , Paskett Electra D.
Published: May 2019

Clinical trials are imperative for testing novel cancer therapies, advancing the science of cancer care, and determining the best treatment strategies to enhance outcomes for patients with cancer. However, barriers to clinical trial enrollment contribute to low participation in cancer clinical trials. Many factors play a role in the persistently low rates of trial participation, including financial barriers, logistical concerns, and the lack of resources for patients and clinicians to support clinical trial enrollment and retention. Furthermore, restrictive eligibility criteria often result in the exclusion of certain patient populations, which thus adds to the widening disparities seen between patients who enroll in trials and those treated in routine practice. Moreover, additional factors, such as difficulty by patients and clinicians in coping with the uncertainty inherent to clinical trial participation, contribute to low trial enrollment and represent key components of the decision-making process. Specifically, patients and clinicians may struggle to assess the risk-benefit ratio and may incorrectly estimate the probability and severity of challenges associated with clinical trial participation, thus complicating the informed consent process. Importantly, research has increasingly focused on overcoming barriers to clinical trial enrollment. A promising solution involves the use of patient navigators to help enhance clinical trial recruitment, enrollment, and retention. Although clinical trials are essential for improving and prolonging the lives of patients with cancer, barriers exist that can impede trial enrollment; yet, efforts to recognize and address these barriers and enhance trial enrollment are being investigated.
Effects of chronic inhibition of Testosterone metabolism on cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage in gonadectomized rats
Authors: Maldonado Octavio , Ramos Angel , Guapillo Mario , Rivera Jose , Palma Icela , Rubio-Gayosso Ivan , Ramirez-Sanchez Israel , Najera Nayelli , Ceballos Guillermo , Mendez-Bolaina Enrique
Published: May 2019

The effects of testosterone on cardiovascular homeostasis are still not well understood. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of testosterone in the absence or presence of inhibition of Aromatase (4-hydroxyandrostenedione) and/or 5α reductase (Finasteride) enzymatic activities on the myocardial remodeling 30 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in gonadectomized rats. Results showed that testosterone administration to ORX rats resulted in decreased myocardial damaged area, inflammatory infiltrates and reduced MMP-3 and 13 expressions. Interestingly, Finasteride administration resulted in a greater decrease in scar tissue, inflammatory infiltrates, along with a significant decrease in MMP-3 and 13 expressions. In contrast, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione administrations increased all parameters. Our results suggest that testosterone does not have a direct effect since simultaneous inhibition of aromatase and 5α-reductase did not induce significant changes in I/R induced myocardial injury.
The Longitudinal Associations of Fitness and Motor Skills with Academic Achievement
Authors: SYVÄOJA HEIDI J. , KANKAANPÄÄ ANNA , JOENSUU LAURA , KALLIO JOUNI , HAKONEN HARTO , HILLMAN CHARLES H. , TAMMELIN TUIJA H.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to examine both independent and dependent longitudinal associations of physical fitness (PF) components with academic achievement.

Methods

A total of 954 fourth to seventh graders (9–15 yr [M
age = 12.5 yr], 52% girls) from nine schools throughout Finland participated in a 2-yr follow-up study. Register-based academic achievement scores (grade point average [GPA]) and PF were assessed in the spring of 2013–2015. Aerobic fitness was measured with a maximal 20-m shuttle run test, muscular fitness with curl-up and push-up tests, and motor skills with a 5-leaps test and a throwing–catching combination test. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the longitudinal associations adjusting for age, gender, pubertal stage, body fat percentage, learning difficulties, and mother’s education.

Results

The changes in aerobic and muscular fitness were positively associated with the changes in GPA (B = 0.27, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06–0.48; B = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.11–0.63, respectively), whereas the changes in motor skills were not associated with the changes in GPA. Better motor skills in year 2 predicted better GPA a year later (B = 0.06, 99% CI = 0.00–0.11; B = 0.06, 99% CI = 0.01–0.11), whereas aerobic and muscular fitness did not predict GPA. GPA in year 1 predicted both aerobic (B = 0.08, 99% CI = 0.01–0.15) and muscular (B = 0.08, 99% CI = 0.02–0.15) fitness, and motor skills (B = 0.08, 99% CI = 0.02–0.15) a year later.

Conclusion

The changes in both aerobic and muscular fitness were positively associated with the changes in academic achievement during adolescence, whereas the changes in motor skills had only borderline significant association. However, better motor skills, although not systematically, independently predicted better academic achievement 1 yr later, whereas aerobic or muscular fitness did not. Better academic achievement predicted better motor skills, aerobic fitness, and muscular fitness. Developmental changes in adolescence may induce parallel and simultaneous changes in academic achievement and PF.
Estimating Tibial Stress throughout the Duration of a Treadmill Run
Authors: RICE HANNAH , WEIR GILLIAN , TRUDEAU MATTHIEU B. , MEARDON STACEY , DERRICK TIMOTHY , HAMILL JOSEPH
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Stress fractures of the tibia are a problematic injury among runners of all levels. Quantifying tibial stress using a modeling approach provides an alternative to invasive assessments that may be used to detect changes in tibial stress during running. This study aimed to assess the repeatability of a tibial stress model and to use this model to quantify changes in tibial stress that occur throughout the course of a 40-min prolonged treadmill run.

Methods

Synchronized force and kinematic data were collected during prolonged treadmill running from 14 recreational male rearfoot runners on two separate occasions. During each session, participants ran at their preferred speed for two consecutive 20-min runs, separated by a 2-min pause. The tibia was modeled as a hollow ellipse and bending moments and stresses at the distal third of the tibia were estimated using beam theory combined with inverse dynamics and musculoskeletal modeling.

Results

Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated good-to-excellent repeatability for peak stress values between sessions. Peak anterior and posterior stresses increased after 20 min of prolonged treadmill running and were 15% and 12% greater, respectively, after 40 min of running compared with the start of the run.

Conclusion

The hollow elliptical tibial model presented is a repeatable tool that can be utilized to assess within-participant changes in peak tibial stress during running. The increased stresses observed during a prolonged treadmill run may have implications for the development of tibial stress fracture.
Spilling the Beans on Understanding English Idioms Using Multimodality: An Idiom Acquisition Technique for Iranian Language Learners
Authors: KHOSHNEVISAN BABAK
Published: May 2019

Idioms are ubiquitous in English language. Despite their ubiquity, learning idioms is a thorny issue for second language learners. Multiple researchers have scrutinized different aspects of idiom learning by second language learners: important factors in processing idioms in L2 (Cieślicka, 2015); the incorporation of technology in idiom learning (Khoshnevisan, 2018b); idiom assessment (Khoshnevisan, 2018a). A number of studies have been conducted concerning the application of the Idiom Diffusion Model—an L2 idiom processing model—to develop the idiomatic competence of learners, however, the pertinent literature is sparse: Greek, German, and French (Liontas, 1997); Greek (Katsarou, 2013); Korean (Türker, 2016). It turns out that the application of the model to Persian language learners is missing. To address the gap, the author conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceptions of Iranian language learners about using a website to learn idioms. The researcher employed an online questionnaire to delve into the learners’ perceptions. The findings imply that the majority of the participants used video and picture modules to arrive at the figurative meaning of the idiomatic phrases. However, in terms of semi and post-lexical idioms, most learners benefited from translations to decode the meanings. The findings corroborate the theory that translation facilitates learning idioms.
Patient-centered benefit-risk analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Marsh Kevin , Hawken Natalia , Brookes Ella , Kuehn Carrie , Liden Barry
Published: May 2019

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) treatments include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Choosing between SAVR and TAVR requires patients to trade-off  benefits and risks. The objective of this research was to determine which  TAVR and SAVR outcomes patients consider important, collect quantitative data about how patients weigh benefits and risks, and evaluate patients’ preferences for SAVR or TAVR.

Methods: Patients  were recruited from advocacy organization databases. Patients self-reported as being diagnosed with AS, and as either having received AS treatment or as experiencing AS-related physical activity limitations. An online adapted swing weighting (ASW) method – a pairwise comparison of attributes – was used to elicit attribute tradeoffs from 93 patients. Survey data were used to estimate patients’ weights for AS treatment attributes, which were incorporated into a quantitative benefit-risk analysis (BRA) to evaluate patients’ preferences for TAVR and SAVR.

Results: On average, patients put greater value on attributes that favored TAVR than SAVR. Patients’ valuation of the lower mortality rate, reduced procedural invasiveness, and quicker time to return to normal quality of life associated with TAVR, offset their valuation ofthe time over which SAVR has been proven to work. There was substantial heterogeneity in patients’ preferences. This was partly explained by age, with differences in preference observed between patients <60 years to those ≥60 years. A Monte Carlo Simulation found that 75.1% of patients prefer TAVR.

Conclusions: Most AS patients are willing to tolerate sizable increases in clinical risk in exchange for the benefits of TAVR, resulting in a large proportion of patients preferring TAVR to SAVR. Further work should be undertaken to characterize the heterogeneity in preferences for AS treatment attributes. Shared decision-making tools based on attributes important to patients can support patients’ selection of the procedure that best meets their needs.
PRODUCTIVE AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF YOUNGS DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED
Authors: Бактыгалиева Асемгул , Baktygalieva Asemgul , Джуламанов Киниспай , Dzhulamanov Kinispai , Ухтверов Андрей , Uhtverov Andrey , Герасимов Николай , Gerasimov Nikolai
Published: May 2019

The research aim is increasing the potential of meat productivity of young Shagatay Zavodska type of livestock based on a heterogeneous selection of Shagatay cows with bulls – Ural type of hereford. The experience carried out on the breeding farm «Sabit» in West Kazakhstan region according to the scheme: group 1 – bull, group 2 – castrated males, group 3 – heifers of Shagatay breed of Kazakh white cattle and hybrids from crossing Shagatay cows with bulls of Ural Hereford, group 4 – bulls, 5 group – castrated males, 6 group – heifers. Groups were formed on the principle of analogues of 12 animals. Bulls by the age of 15 months of the Ural hereford reached the highest body weight and surpassed shagatai peers taking into account this selection feature in regard to sex by 20.4 kg. In castrates at the age of 18 months, this difference was in favor of the youngsters of group 5 and was 23.0 kg. Heter-ogeneous selection had a positive impact on the important productive qualities by heifers. Youngsters of group 6, born due to servicing bulls of the Ural Hereford, dominated in weight in regard to all analyzed periods. The contents of lizo the meyerhold centre in both winter and summer was greater at animal – hybrids of the Ural hereford and Shagatay animals, winter amount was 0,45-0,94 µg/ml in the summer – from 0.06 to 1.97 µg/ml. Significantly lower bactericidal activity of blood serum and slightly increased amount of lysozyme was shown by hybrids from the Ural hereford in the winter. Regardless of gender, the greatest consumption of both protein (8-41 g) and energy (0.48-2.54 MJ) per unit of body weight gained was characterized by descendants from parents of the Shagatai type of Ka-zakh white-headed breed. Hybrids the offspring of the Ural hereford – used crude protein in feeding more often for the synthesis of dietary protein.
Virtual Statistics in Simulation via k Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Lin Yujing , Nelson Barry L. , Pei Linda
Published: May 2019

“Virtual statistics,” as we define them, are estimators of performance measures that are conditional on the occurrence of an event; virtual waiting time of a customer arriving to a queue at time [Formula: see text] is one example of virtual performance. In this paper, we describe a [Formula: see text]-nearest-neighbor method for estimating virtual performance postsimulation from the retained sample paths, examining both its small-sample and asymptotic properties and providing two approaches for measuring the error of the [Formula: see text]-nearest-neighbor estimator. We implement leave-one-replication-out cross-validation for tuning a single parameter [Formula: see text] to use for any time (or times) of interest and evaluate the prediction performance of the [Formula: see text]-nearest-neighbor estimator via controlled studies. As a by-product, this paper motivates a different way of thinking about how to process the output from dynamic, discrete-event simulation.
A role model for all young people living with Asperger
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2019

Swedish school girl Greta Thunberg has inspired the world with her campaign on climate change. However, the fact that Greta is on the autistic spectrum makes her a role model for young people living with the condition across the world, says Dorothy Lepkowska
Human Papilloma Virus: Why boys are now immunised
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2019

Ian Peate explains the decision to include males in HPV vaccination, and why it is long overdue
Help for parents providing home enteral nutrition
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: May 2019

Parents should be motivated, informed and able to cope with the medical aspects of home enteral feeding for children, including any possible complications, says Amy Noakes
What is the jigsaw classroom technique?
Authors: Dabell John
Published: May 2019

Created in response to racial turmoil in Texas, the jigsaw classroom is an evidence-based approach to building relationships and fostering cooperative learning. John Dabell explains
What your school business leader can do for you
Authors: Dunn Hayley
Published: May 2019

Do you get the most from the expertise of your school business leader? Hayley Dunn looks at how schools can maximise the impact of the business leader position
On the distance and distance signless Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs and the smallest Gersgorin disc
Authors: Atik Fouzul , Panigrahi Pratima
Published: May 2019

The \emph{distance matrix} of a simple connected graph $G$ is $D(G)=(d_{ij})$, where $d_{ij}$ is the distance between the $i$th and $j$th vertices of $G$. The \emph{distance signless Laplacian matrix} of the graph $G$ is $D_Q(G)=D(G)+Tr(G)$, where $Tr(G)$ is a diagonal matrix whose $i$th diagonal entry is the transmission of the vertex $i$ in $G$. In this paper, first, upper and lower bounds for the spectral radius of a nonnegative matrix are constructed. Applying this result, upper and lower bounds for the distance and distance signless Laplacian spectral radius of graphs are given, and the extremal graphs for these bounds are obtained. Also, upper bounds for the modulus of all distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) eigenvalues other than the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) spectral radius of graphs are given. These bounds are probably first of their kind as the authors do not find in the literature any bound for these eigenvalues. Finally, for some classes of graphs, it is shown that all distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) eigenvalues other than the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) spectral radius lie in the smallest Ger\^sgorin disc of the distance (respectively, distance signless Laplacian) matrix.
Identifying combinatorially symmetric Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Burgarth Daniel
Published: May 2019

A sufficient criterion for the unique parameter identification of combinatorially symmetric Hidden Markov Models, based on the structure of their transition matrix, is provided. If the observed states of the chain form a zero forcing set of the graph of the Markov model, then it is uniquely identifiable and an explicit reconstruction method is given.
Testing Hypotheses Of Covariance Structure In Multivariate Data
Authors: Fonseca Miguel , Koziol Arkadiusz , Zmyslony Roman
Published: May 2019

In this paper there is given a new approach for testing hypotheses on the structure of covariance matrices in double multivariate data. It is proved that ratio of positive and negative parts of best unbiased estimators (BUE) provide an F-test for independence of blocks variables in double multivariate models.
The EU's Proxy War on Refugees
Authors: Hintjens Helen , Bilgic Ali
Published: May 2019

For decades, European Union (EU) member states have fought an illegal proxy war – a form of state crime – against refugees and migrants, far beyond EU external borders. Fatalities make this proxy war equivalent to international classifications of war. To justify this war, migrants have progressively been reclassified by the EU as “illegal” or criminal. This article situates the proxy war within wider deterrence-based EU migration policies. Examples like the 2008–2009 Italy–Libya deal and 2016 EU–Turkey deal show the high price paid by refugees, minorities and the damage to the EU's own stability and reputation. Forcibly confining people at “holding points” along migratory routes, expelling people to unsafe countries and raising barriers to legal movement, the violence of the proxy war became more visible in 2015. We conclude that far from counteracting the dynamics of mass displacement, the proxy war may have contributed to the recent crisis of refugee reception in Europe.
K. Lasslett,
Uncovering the Crimes of Urbanisation: Researching Corruption, Violence and Urban Conflict
Authors: Tombs Steve
Published: May 2019

None
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Suliasih Rokhmah Ayu , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Dwi Pawestri Dhasih Afiat
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang. Pemberian ASI eksklusif (AE) merupakan intervensi yang efektif untuk mencegah penyakit metabolik dan permasalahan kesehatan anak. Data Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dan 2016 menunjukkan angka ASI eksklusif di Jawa Timur cenderung turun. Faktor yang memengaruhi pemberian AE meliputi faktor pemudah, pendukung, dan pendorong.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara faktor pemudah (pengetahuan tentang tanda kecukupan ASI, karakteristik sosiodemografi), pendukung (cara persalinan, Inisiasi menyusu dini, paritas ibu), dan pendorong (tenaga kesehatan, keluarga, dan media) dengan keberhasilan AE.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang analitik melalui pengisian kuesioner oleh ibu yang memiliki anak berusia 6-11 bulan yang datang ke Posyandu atau Puskesmas Simomulyo dan Manukan Kulon, Surabaya pada bulan Maret-April 2018. Data hasil pengisian kuesioner dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji Kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik, dengan confidence interval (CI) 95%.Hasil. Didapatkan proporsi AE 61% dari sejumlah 82 ibu, semua ibu pernah melihat iklan formula, dan alasan terbesar (53,1%) ibu tidak memberikan AE karena khawatir ASI tidak cukup. Usia ibu (p=0,020), pekerjaan (p=0,003), pendidikan terakhir (p=0,030), dan riwayat keberhasilan pemberian AE pada anak yang sebelumnya (p=0,032) berhubungan dengan AE.Kesimpulan. Ibu yang berusia 25-30 tahun, berpendidikan tinggi, memiliki riwayat keberhasilan AE, dan tidak bekerja dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian AE.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy as the Initial Presentation of Gastrointestinal Kaposi's Sarcoma in Previously Undiagnosed HIV Disease
Authors: Curras-Martin Diana , Campbell Natasha , Copca-Alvarez Albino , Casey Kathleen , Lerner William A. , Hossain Mohammad A.
Published: May 2019

Occult Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) presenting as a protein-losing gastroenteropathy is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 23-year-old male presenting with leg bilateral swelling and epigastric discomfort. A workup revealed human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, hypoalbuminemia, and small bowel wall thickening on computed tomography scan. Initially there were no mucosal or cutaneous lesions visible. An upper endoscopy demonstrated subepithelial lesions with a reddish appearance involving the palate, cardia, duodenum, and jejunum, consistent with KS. Gastrointestinal involvement is the most common extracutaneous site of KS and is found in about half of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related cases. However, only one out of 5 patients are symptomatic in the absence of skin lesions. Antiretroviral therapy along with anthracycline chemotherapy must be promptly initiated to improve chances of survival.
Comparative evaluation of denosumab efficacy of in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of 1-year study in clinical practice
Authors: Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Kovalenko P. S. , Toroptsova N. V. , Dydykina I. S. , Nikitinskaya O. A. , Nasonov E. L.
Published: May 2019

Objective: to assess bone mineral density (BMD) changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with osteoporosis (OP) and in women with postmenopausal OP during therapy with denosumab (DSB) for 1 year

Subjects and methods. 121 women were included: the main group – 69 patients with RA (mean age – 60±7 years), 34 (49.3%) from them received glucocorticoids (GC). Comparison group comprised 52 women with primary OP (mean age – 62±10 years). Measurement of BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed in the lumbar spine (LI–IV), femoral neck (FN), proximal femur as a whole (PF) and distal forearm (DF). DSB was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 60 mg 1 time in 6 months.

Results and discussion. In patients with RA, the average increase of BMD for 12 months of treatment was: in LI–IV – 4.6%, in FN-2.8%, in PF-3.0% and in DF-0.7%, and in the comparison group – 5.2; 2.1; 2.9 and 0.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences of BMD changes between the groups. Efficacy of DSB therapy in RA patients with OP did not depend on RA activity, duration of GC therapy and cumulative dose of GC. Adverse events that did not lead to the withdrawal of the drug were noted in 3% of the study participants. There were no fractures during the observation.

Conclusion. The efficacy treatment with DSB for 1 year in RA patients with OP and in women with postmenopausal OP is comparable. The use of GC did not have a negative impact on DSB effect.
ASAS criteria for inflammatory back pain: diagnostic significance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Belousova E. N. , Odintsova A. Kh. , Protopopov M. S. , Abdulganieva D. I.
Published: May 2019

Damage of peripheral joints and spine is a frequent manifestation of spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). One of the most frequent and typical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is inflammatory back pain (IBP), which is determined according to the IBP criteria of the International society for the study of spondyloarthritis (The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society – ASAS) 2009. The diagnosis of axSpA is based on the identification of combination of typical changes in the sacroiliac joints (presence of sacroiliitis according to MRI or radiography) with a characteristic clinical picture. However, the diagnostic significance of these criteria and the possibility of use in patients with IBD and chronic back pain have not been studied.

Subjects and methods. The study included 84 patients with IBD and back pain. The mean age of patients was 40.5±11.9 years, the duration of IBD symptoms – 8.11±7.67 years.

Results and discussion. In our study, the sensitivity of the ASAS criteria for IBD was 76.9% and specificity – 67.2%, positive predictive value was 0.51, a negative predictive value – 0.87. The likelihood ratio of a positive result is 2.3, the likelihood ratio of a negative result is 0.3.

Conclusion. The main diagnostic characteristics of ASAS IBD criteria (2009) for patients with IBD were comparable with those in the population of patients with chronic back pain (sensitivity – 79.6% and specificity – 72.4%).
Ética y filosofía de la historia en Fichte
Authors: Serrano Marín Vicente
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo intenta mostrar la implicación entre ética y filosofía de la historia en la obra de Fichte. Para ello se considera necesario integrar su filosofía de la historia en el conjunto de su filosofía, entendida como una unidad y como sistema de la libertad. A partir de ahí propone un análisis de las llamadas cinco épocas recogidas en Los Caracteres de la Edad Contemporánea y los cinco puntos de vista presentados en su Exhortación a la vida bienaventurada o doctrina de la religión.
La «Ciencia de la lógica» y el concepto hegeliano de espíritu como «naturaleza asumida»
Authors: Zubiria Martín
Published: May 2019

La doctrina de la Idea, en el final de la Ciencia de la Lógica, se sirve de la noción de «espíritu» para explicar la naturaleza de la Idea misma, cuyas determinaciones lógicas son, a su vez, las determinaciones de lo espiritual. Nos proponemos mostrar en qué medida los pasajes de la doctrina de la Idea referidos al «espíritu» están lejos de poseer un significado episódico.
Sacrificial layers: an alternative for the conservation of the lime stuccos from Templo Mayor's Structure B in Mexico City
Authors: Carmona Vaillard Elisa
Published: May 2019

Structure B is an archaeological structure from the post-classic period of the Mexica culture located within the archaeological site of Templo Mayor in Mexico City. The various alteration dynamics caused by its exposure to the weather have generated severe conservation problems in the stuccos that cover the reliefs of the stone skulls of Structure B. Since the alteration effects are mainly due to the crystallization of salts, the absorption of direct humidity because of stagnation of water and the impact of rainwater, the use of sacrificial layers is presented as a measure for the long-term conservation of the stuccos. This investigation proposes a methodological framework for the elaboration of diverse models of sacrificial layers, as well as for their qualitative evaluation after submitting them to resistance tests that imitate the environmental dynamics to which the structure is subjected, in order to design a suitable sacrificial layer for a given structure and context.
Spectrometric Determination of Content of Methyl Palmitate in Methyl Esters of Waste Cooking Oils
Authors: Marcinkowski Damian , Czechlowski Mirosław , Grzelak Tomasz
Published: May 2019

The second-generation liquid biofuels are fuels derived from non-food raw materials, i.e. waste cooking oils and animal fats. They are waste raw materials from the agri-food industry, hence their quantity is limited, and their quality depends, inter alia, on the place of their acquisition. Considering the fact that rheological properties of liquid biofuels are closely correlated with the quality of raw materials from which they are obtained, the industrial production of biofuels from waste fats requires development of new analytical methods, allowing for a quick assessment of the quality of the obtained products. The aim of the study was to confirm the possibility of using near infrared spectrometry to assess the content of methyl palmitate in biofuels produced from waste cooking oil. The calibration models were based on 41 absorbance spectra recorded in the range of 400-2170 nm for samples containing from 0 to 5 % of methyl palmitate. The obtained results confirmed that there is a possibility of effective detection of the concentration of this ester in biofuel using the spectrum in the range of 1644-1778 nm. The developed PLS calibration models are characterized by a determination co-efficient (R2) exceeding the value of 0.99.
Independent association of plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity with serum uric acid level based on stable isotope-labeled xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: MedCity21 health examination registry
Authors: Kurajoh Masafumi , Fukumoto Shinya , Emoto Masanori , Murase Takayo , Nakamura Takashi , Ishihara Takuma , Go Hirofumi , Yamamoto Kouji , Nakatani Shinya , Tsuda Akihiro , Yamada Shinsuke , Morioka Tomoaki , Mori Katsuhito , Imanishi Yasuo , Inaba Masaaki
Published: May 2019

Background

We developed a novel high-sensitive assay for plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity that is not affected by the original serum uric acid level. However, the association of plasma XOR activity with that level has not been fully examined.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 191 subjects (91 males, 100 females) registered in the MedCity21 health examination registry. Plasma XOR activity was determined using our assay for plasma XOR activity with [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Serum levels of uric acid and adiponectin, and visceral fat area (VFA) obtained by computed tomography were measured, and insulin resistance was determined based on the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index.

Results

The median values for uric acid and plasma XOR activity were 333 μmol/L and 26.1 pmol/h/mL, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed a significant and positive association of serum uric acid level (coefficient: 26.503; 95% confidence interval: 2.06, 50.945; p = 0.035) with plasma XOR activity independent of VFA and HOMA-IR, and also age, gender, alcohol drinking habit, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, and adiponectin levels. The “gender*XOR activity” interaction was not significant (p = 0.91), providing no evidence that gender modifies the relationship between plasma XOR activity and serum uric acid level.

Conclusions

Plasma XOR activity was found to be positively associated with serum uric acid level independent of other known confounding factors affecting that level, including gender difference, eGFR, adiponectin level, VFA, and HOMA-IR.
Pre-analytical practices for routine coagulation tests in European laboratories. A collaborative study from the European Organisation for External Quality Assurance Providers in Laboratory Medicine (EQALM)
Authors: Kristoffersen Ann Helen , Stavelin Anne V. , Ajzner Eva , Kristensen Gunn B.B. , Sandberg Sverre , Van Blerk Marjan , Kitchen Steve , Kesseler Dagmar , Woods Timothy A.L. , Meijer Piet
Published: May 2019

Background

Correct handling and storage of blood samples for coagulation tests are important to assure correct diagnosis and monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the pre-analytical practices for routine coagulation testing in European laboratories.

Methods

In 2013–2014, European laboratories were invited to fill in a questionnaire addressing pre-analytical requirements regarding tube fill volume, citrate concentration, sample stability, centrifugation and storage conditions for routine coagulation testing (activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], prothrombin time in seconds [PT-sec] and as international normalised ratio [PT-INR] and fibrinogen).

Results

A total of 662 laboratories from 28 different countries responded. The recommended 3.2% (105–109 mmol/L) citrate tubes are used by 74% of the laboratories. Tube fill volumes ≥90% were required by 73%–76% of the laboratories, depending upon the coagulation test and tube size. The variation in centrifugation force and duration was large (median 2500 g [10- and 90-percentiles 1500 and 4000] and 10 min [5 and 15], respectively). Large variations were also seen in the accepted storage time for different tests and sample materials, for example, for citrated blood at room temperature the accepted storage time ranged from 0.5–72 h and 0.5–189 h for PT-INR and fibrinogen, respectively. If the storage time or the tube fill requirements are not fulfilled, 72% and 84% of the respondents, respectively, would reject the samples.

Conclusions

There was a large variation in pre-analytical practices for routine coagulation testing in European laboratories, especially for centrifugation conditions and storage time requirements.
Masters (and Mistresses) of Menace
Authors: Saunders Graham
Published: May 2019

In Harold Pinter’s last completed project before his death, a screen adaptation of Anthony Shaffer’s playSleuth(1970), a large publicity poster dominates the study of crime novelist Andrew Wyke, describing him as ‘the master of menace.’ This is also a self-referential joke directed at Pinter’s association with ‘comedies of menace,’ such asA Slight Ache(1957) andThe Birthday Party(1958), that succeeded in creating feelings of unease and discomfort in ways that had not been seen in the theatre before.

As a repertory actor before he became a dramatist, Pinter was likely to have encountered the fears and insecurities that theatre can create, and these perhaps return in the sinister environments that we find in his early plays. In turn, the queasiness and growing unease we encounter in Pinter’s drama has been appropriated by other ‘childe Harolds’ including Philip Ridley, Anthony Neilson, Martin Crimp, and Jez Butterworth, whose work follows variations of the Pinteresque. This article looks at some of the ways these dramatists have developed on from Pinter’s template of creating a sense of unease, yet at the same time these dramatists show an awareness of how the nature of fear has radically altered since the turn of the millennium. Signs of this change can also be found in Pinter’s work from the 1980 s: whereas previously fear had been vague in its aetiology, now it came out of the shadows to be named: Pinter’s ‘comedies of menace’ gave way to plays about torture by repressive political regimes inParty Time(1991) and memories of the Holocaust inAshes to Ashes(1997).

Since then the depiction of states of fear have forked off on two separate paths: latter day ‘childe Harolds’ such as Philip Ridley continue to promote what he has called ‘theatre as a ghost train,’ a place of disorientation designed to induce fear for its own sake, while a larger contingent that include Simon Stephens, Duncan Macmillan, Mike Bartlett, Martin Crimp, and Mark Ravenhill also make fears manifest: these include terrorism and the ensuing War on Terror, the Anthropocene and climate change and the precarity and repression of neo-liberal economies and the alienation of self-hood through technology.
The Aeneas Argument: Personality and Immortality in Kant’s Third Paralogism
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, I challenge the assumption that Kant’s Third Paralogism has to do, first and foremost, with the question of personal identity. Beginning with a consideration of the treatments of the soul’s personality in Christian Wolff’s rational psychology, I show that, despite being influenced by Locke’s novel account of personhood and confessing a dissatisfaction with the Scholastic definition of the term, Wolff maintained the agreement between his account of personality and the traditional conception. Moreover, Wolff did not put this concept to a forensic use but considered its primary application to be in the context of the demonstration of the soul’s immortality which, according to him, required that after the death of the body the human soul retained its status personalitatis, understood as its distinct capacity to be conscious of its identity over time. Wolff’s account of the soul’s personality, and the use to which he put it, proved rather influential for metaphysicians like G. F. Meier and Moses Mendelssohn, and Kant’s lectures in the 1770’s also betray this influence. Considering the Third Paralogism in light of this context I claim that, rather than taking up the question of whether the numerical identity of the soul can be inferred from the meagre resources of the I think, what is at issue is the rational psychologist’s account of how we are conscious of our numerical identity in different times. Despite disagreeing with the rational psychologist on this score, Kant nonetheless contends that the way in which we are, in fact, conscious of our numerical identity in all times qualifies us as persons and suffices for that concept’s use in the proof of the soul’s immortality. This reading thus makes sense of Kant’s claim that the soul’s personality, even with its transcendental grounding, is “necessary and sufficient for practical use,” and provides a charitable alternative to the recent allegation of a paralogism of pure practical reason on Kant’s part.
Crystal structure of dimethanol-bis(1-((2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-κN)-bis(thiocyanato-κN)cadmium(II) C34H34CdN12O2S2
Authors: Ling Ning , Wang Xia , Zhang Ya-Wen , Zhao Tian-Tian , Ruan Yuan , Yang Jing
Published: May 2019

C34H34CdN12O2S2, triclinic, P1̄, a = 9.6872(6) Å, b = 10.4523(7) Å, c = 10.8422(9) Å, α = 113.022(7)°, β = 96.919(6)°, γ = 104.526(6)°, Z = 1, V = 948.20(13) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0564, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1511, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of dichlorido-μ2-dichlorido-(η2-1,4-bis(4-vinylbenzyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium)dicopper(I), C24H30N2Cu2Cl4
Authors: Wang Guo-Xi , Xing Zheng
Published: May 2019

C24H30N2Cu2Cl4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.204(4) Å, b = 8.593(5) Å, c = 21.112(12) Å, α = 89.153(7)°, β = 85.294(7)°, γ = 84.604(6)°, V = 1296.7(12) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0535, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1471, T = 296(2) K.
“One out of Five Million”: Serbia’s 2018-19 Protests against Dictatorship, the Media, and the Government’s Response
Authors: Jovanović Srđan Mladenov
Published: May 2019

Having fallen out of the scholarly and public spotlight after the cessation of the conflicts in the 1990s, Serbia nowadays seldom takes the central place in scholarly analysis. With the six-year rule of Aleksandar Vučić, nowadays the President of Serbia (in addition to being the former Prime Minister), however, we are of the opinion that his reign needs to be tackled from a scholarly perspective. With the diminishing of media freedoms, constant attacks on the free press, the suppression of almost all opposing political organizations, parties, and activists/politicians, Serbia is nowadays more and more often described as a “dictatorship” under the rule of one man, Aleksandar Vučić. In December 2018, a series of mass public protests started occurring regularly in several Serbian cities, all aimed against the rule of Aleksandar Vučić. Observing Serbia’s autocrat through the lens of elite theory, we tackle the protests against him, including the government’s official responses, as well as the smearing of the protests by the government-supporting media.
The Effect of Elaborative Interrogation on the Synthesis of Ideas from Multiple Sources of Information
Authors: Farooq Omer
Published: May 2019

The new Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (ACRL, 2016) highlights the ability to synthesize ideas from multiple sources of information as one of the key knowledge practices. There is little generalizable empirical research based on cognitive science principles to guide information literacy instruction practice. The present study examined the effectiveness of elaborative interrogation instructional strategy on integration and transformation of ideas from multiple sources of information. 86 participants took part in the study via Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. The experiment involved reading five texts on the topic of climate change and responding to embedded elaborative interrogation prompts (treatment groups only), and writing a synthesis paragraph on the topic. Two one-way ANCOVAs were employed to test the hypotheses which indicated that elaborative interrogation prompts did not significantly improve performance on transformation and integration measures. This study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing information literacy instruction based on the new Framework and provides a promising long-term cross-disciplinary research partnership in terms of linking evidencebased guidance for instruction based on cognitive science principles to information literacy knowledge practices in the new Framework.
Rejecting the pure, but keeping the pragmatics:
Authors: Lance Mark
Published: May 2019

All contributions included in the present issue were originally prepared for an “Author Meets Critics” session organized by Carl Sachs for the Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association in Savannah, Georgia, on 5th January, 2018.
On Peter Olen’s Wilfrid Sellars and the Foundations of Normativity
Authors: Beisecker David
Published: May 2019

All contributions included in the present issue were originally prepared for an “Author Meets Critics” session organized by Carl Sachs for the Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association in Savannah, Georgia, on 5th January, 2018.