bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
lncRNA DCST1-AS1 Facilitates Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization through Activating NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Ai Yilong , Liu Shiwei , Luo Hailing , Wu Siyuan , Wei Haigang , Tang Zhe , Li Xia , Zou Chen
Published: August 2021

lncRNAs are related to the progression of various diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is a common squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells are significant components of tumor microenvironment. M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages is a crucial actor in tumor malignancy and metastasis. In this study, we studied the molecular mechanism of lncRNA DCST1-AS1 in OSCC. Here, we reported that DCST1-AS1 was significantly increased in OSCC cells. We found that loss of DCST1-AS1 obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and xenograft tumor growth. Meanwhile, silencing of DCST1-AS1 also repressed the percentage of macrophages expressing M2 markers CD206 and CD11b. DCST1-AS1 shRNA enhanced the percentage of macrophages expressing M1 markers CD80 and CD11c. Then, we observed that loss of DCST1-AS1 suppressed OSCC progression via inactivating NF-κB signaling. As well established, NF-κB signaling exerts critical roles in tumor progression, and our study proved that DCST1-AS1 could regulate NF-κB signaling. We proved that blocking the NF-κB pathway using antagonists greatly downregulated OSCC progression and M2 macrophage polarization induced by the overexpression of DCST1-AS1. To sum up, we reported that DCST1-AS1 plays an important role in modulating OSCC tumorigenicity and M2 macrophage polarization through regulating the NF-κB pathway.
Recommendation with Diversity: Mass Diffusion Model Based on Trust Network and Object Reputation
Authors: Bai Yun , Cai Wandong
Published: August 2021

The traditional mass diffusion recommendation algorithm only relies on the user’s object collection relationship, resulting in poor recommendation performance for users with small purchases (i.e., small-degree user), and it is difficult to balance the accuracy and diversity of the recommendation system. This paper introduces the trust relationship into the resource allocation process of the traditional mass diffusion algorithm and proposes the Dual Wing Mass Diffusion model (DWMD), which constructs a dual wing graph based on trust relationships and object collection relationships. Implicit trust is mined according to the network structure of the trust relationship and integrated into the resource allocation process, and then merging the positive effects of object reputation on a recommendation through tunable scaling parameters. The user controls the tunable scaling parameter to achieve the best recommendation performance. The experimental results show that the DWMD method significantly improves diversity and novelty while ensuring high accuracy and effectively improves the accuracy and diversity balance. The improved recommendation performance for small-degree users proves that the trust relationship can effectively alleviate the generalized cold start problem of the recommendation algorithm for users who collect a small number of objects.
Antifibrotic Effects of Kangxian Ruangan Capsule on Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cells through Regulation of TGF-β and TLR4 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Liu Liming , Zhou Ying , Dai Dan , Xia Hongmei , Zhao Kang , Zhang Jianjun
Published: August 2021

Kangxian ruangan (KXRG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula consisting of 12 herbs. TCM syndrome differentiation proposes that KXRG exerts pharmacological effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis. This work investigates the effect of KXRG on NAFLD fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the NAFLD fibrosis model was constructed in Wistar rats using methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, followed by KXRG (0.92 g/kg/d) treatment for 8 weeks. In vitro, primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were activated using platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and treated with KXRG. Molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis were investigated. After 8 weeks, compared with the control groups, the histological lesions, degree of fibrosis, and inflammatory reaction increased with the MCD diet as demonstrated by histological changes and increased fibrosis-related (α-SMA, TGF-β, COL1A1, and desmin,

P
<
0.01

) and inflammation-related factors (TNF-α, MCP-1, and F4/80,

P
<
0.01

), whereas they decreased with KXRG treatment (

P
<
0.01

). KXRG not only inhibited the proliferation of activated HSCs and promoted their apoptosis but also resulted in G0-G1 arrest. Furthermore, KXRG suppressed HSC activation (

P
<
0.01

), collagen synthesis (

P
<
0.01

), and α-SMA expression (

P
<
0.01

) with PDGF stimulation. In both the MCD diet-induced animal model and PDGF-induced cell model, KXRG inhibited TGF-β and TLR4 signaling (

P
<
0.01

), similar to corresponding small-molecule inhibitors. These results demonstrated that KXRG might exert suppressive effects against NAFLD fibrosis via regulating TGF-β and TLR4 signaling. KXRG may act as a natural and potent therapeutic agent against NAFLD.
Vitreous Hemorrhage following High-Altitude Retinopathy
Authors: Shrestha Arjun , Suwal Rinkal , Shrestha Biju
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To report a case of high-altitude retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage. Methods. An apparently healthy 29-year-old boy presented with a history of floater and slight diminution of vision in the left eye after climbing the mountain 4760 meters high. Results. The visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Anterior segment findings of both eyes were unremarkable. Fundus evaluation revealed bilaterally dilated major retinal veins. The right eye revealed clear, quiet vitreous, healthy macula, and pink and smooth optic disc. There was fresh vitreous hemorrhage confined just one disc diameter away at the superior and inferior part of the optic nerve in the left eye. The macula and optic nerve head of this eye grossly looked normal. Complete blood count, haemoglobin, ESR, CRP, sugar, renal function test, lipid panel, and serology for HIV, HCV, VDRL, and HBsAg were normal. The Mantoux test and chest X-ray also revealed normal findings. Physician consultation did not reveal other abnormalities. On the 3rd week of follow-up, his vision was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed clear vitreous in both eyes though some venous dilation and tortuosities were still evident in the left eye. A macular OCT scan showed almost normal-appearing fundus. Conclusions. Vitreous hemorrhage following climbing high altitude can be one of the manifestations of high-altitude retinopathy.
Ureteroarterial Fistula: A Diagnosis Which Is Not Always Black and White
Authors: Haffar A. , Trump T. , Elbakry A. A. , McCluskey K. , Salkini M. W. , Luchey A.
Published: August 2021

Ureteroiliac artery fistulas are a rare, life-threatening condition that requires a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis. Presurgical diagnosis is challenging as this condition can lie hidden despite advanced imaging modalities. We present two cases of patients presenting with gross hematuria and exsanguination in the setting of a ureteroiliac artery fistula. These cases highlight the difficulties in timely diagnosis and treatment in a multidisciplinary team.
circRNA hsa_circ_0005909 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes the Growth, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via the miRNA-338-3p/SOX4 Pathway
Authors: Song He-mei , Meng Dan , Wang Jin-ping , Zhang Xiao-yan
Published: August 2021

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are powerful factors in regulating various cancer behaviors. It has been manifested in previous researches that circular RNA hsa_circ_0005909 (circ_0005909) exhibits a regulatory function in osteosarcoma. However, there are no other studies on whether circ_0005909 displays potential functions on the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. RT-PCR was applied to examine the expression of circ_0005909 in NSCLC. To study the specific behaviors of NSCLC cells after circ_0005909 knockdown, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, colony formation assays, Transwell assays, and xenograft tumor model assays were conducted. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays were employed to study the association among circ_0005909, miRNA-338-3p, and SOX4. Results. In this research, our group firstly showed that circ_0005909 expressions were distinctly increased in NSCLC specimens and cell lines. Clinical studies revealed that high circ_0005909 expressions were associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Functionally, knockdown of circ_0005909 was observed to suppress the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of NSCLC cells. In the terms of mechanism, circ_0005909 could act as a sponge of miRNA-338-3p, and miRNA-338-3p could target SOX4. In addition, miRNA-338-3p inhibitors reversed the suppressor ability of circ_0005909 silence on NSCLC behaviors. Conclusions. circ_0005909 promoted the progression of NSCLC via the modulation of the miRNA-338-3p/SOX4 axis, which may be a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
An Approximate Solution for a Class of Ill-Posed Nonhomogeneous Cauchy Problems
Authors: Teniou Nihed , Djezzar Salah
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we consider a nonhomogeneous differential operator equation of first order

u

′

t

+
A
u

t

=
f

t

. The coefficient operator

A

is linear unbounded and self-adjoint in a Hilbert space. We assume that the operator does not have a fixed sign. We associate to this equation the initial or final conditions

u

0

=
Φ
 or 
u

T

=
Φ

. We note that the Cauchy problem is severely ill-posed in the sense that the solution if it exists does not depend continuously on the given data. Using a quasi-boundary value method, we obtain an approximate nonlocal problem depending on a small parameter. We show that regularized problem is well-posed and has a strongly solution. Finally, some convergence results are provided.
Coexistence of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjogren Syndrome, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, and Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Khasru Moshiur Rahman , Siddiq Md Abu Bakar , Sayeeduzzaman Kazi Mohammad , Marzen Tangila , Salek Abul Khair Mohammad
Published: August 2021

A 37-year-old Bangladeshi woman presented with low back and several joints pain and swelling for months together; there was significant morning stiffness for more than two hours. Repeated abortions, dry eye, hair fall, photosensitivity, and oral ulcer were the additional complaints. Clinical examination unveiled asymmetrical peripheral and both sacroiliac joint tenderness, positive modified Schober’s test, and limited chest expansion. Schirmer’s test was positive. The history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) among 1st-degree relatives was also significant. Biochemical analysis revealed pancytopenia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and mild microscopic proteinuria. The patient was seropositive for rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-Sm antibody, anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A and B (anti-SSA/SSB), antiphospholipid (aPL-IgG/IgM), and HLA B27; however, serum complement (C3 and C4) levels were normal. Basal cortisol level measured elevated. Besides, X-ray and MRI of lumbosacral spines demonstrated sacroiliitis. There was radiological cardiomegaly, echocardiography unveiled atrial regurgitation, and ascending aorta aneurysm. Based on the abovementioned information, RA, AS, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been diagnosed. Moreover, the patient developed Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), antiphospholipid lipid syndrome (APS), Cushing syndrome, ascending aorta aneurysm, and atrial regurgitation. Her disease activity score for RA (DAS28), DAS for AS (ASDAS), SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) scores were 3.46, 2.36, 23, and 5, respectively. The patient received hydroxychloroquine (200 mg daily), pulsed cyclophosphamide, prednisolone (20 mg in the morning), and naproxen 500 mg (twice daily). To our best knowledge, this is the first report documenting RA, AS, and SLE with secondary SS and APS.
Basic Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Carcinogenic Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) in Human Surface Tumors
Authors: Wu Jingping , Deng Tinghan , Huang Yuanen , Cheng Hongbin
Published: August 2021

Although the evidence based on current human, animal, or molecular biology can explain some of the relationships between CDK4 and cancer, there is no pan-cancer analysis of the gene CDK4 in human skin tumors. Therefore, the potential carcinogenic effects of CDK4 in 33 tumors were initially explored in the datasets of the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) and the CGA (Cancer Genome Atlas). We found that CDK4 was highly expressed in most cancers and that CDK4 performance levels significantly correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients. These were found in our preliminary exploration. In addition, we used the dataset in tumors such as cutaneous melanoma or lung adenocarcinoma and found increased levels of phosphorylation of r24 l/C/h/s. In addition, fibroblast infiltration associated with CDK4 cancer was observed in head and neck, sarcoma, and melanoma skin. Using this pan-cancer study, our group has provided a comprehensive preliminary demonstration of the oncogenic effects of the CDK4 gene on different human skin tumors.
Research on Input Scheme Selection of a Novel Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Chen Yajun , Li Yongbin , Yang Dong , Li Tiejun
Published: August 2021

When the two arms of the robot are transporting the heavy loads together, a new parallel mechanism is formed. The actuator input selection and optimization of the parallel mechanism are basic and important problems in mechanism research. In this paper, a 2-RPPPS dual-arm robot is taken as the research object. Firstly, based on the screw theory and input selection principle, 158 reasonable schemes are obtained. Then, an evaluation mechanism is established to screen out the schemes that do not conform to the input selection principle. Then, the end effector of the parallel mechanism moves along two different trajectories. Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the inverse kinematics solution of each trajectory is obtained, and the velocity and acceleration of each actuator under different trajectories are obtained. Finally, the motion stability of each actuator is evaluated, and the best scheme is selected. The results show that the best input scheme can be selected according to different trajectories, so as to improve the performance of the parallel mechanism. To the authors’ knowledge, no one has done any research on selecting the appropriate input scheme according to the trajectory of the end effector.
Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1 in the Progression of Kidney Diseases
Authors: Li Xiaohu , Yue Wenlong , Feng Guiwen , Li Jinfeng
Published: August 2021

Uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), originally identified as a secretory protein preferentially expressed in the sensitized rat endometrium, has been determined to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt expression to play important roles in kidney disease. USAG-1 affects the progression of acute and chronic kidney damage and the recovery of allograft kidney function by regulating the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, USAG-1 has been found to be involved in the process of T cell immune response, and its ability to inhibit germinal center activity and reduce humoral immunity is of great significance for the treatment of autoimmune nephropathy and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) after renal transplantation. This article summarizes the many advances made regarding the roles of USAG-1 in the progression of kidney disease and outlines potential treatments.
Achilles Tendon Allograft with Semitendinosus Autograft Reinforcement Is a Successful Treatment for Chronic Patellar Tendon Rupture: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Regennass Lucie , Boissard Mathieu , Fouasson-Chailloux Alban , Guillou Ronan , Toanen Cecile , Crenn Vincent
Published: August 2021

Rupture of the patellar tendon must be diagnosed urgently because reconstruction of the extensor mechanism produces better results when it is performed in acute conditions. Reconstruction of chronic extensor mechanism rupture on the contrary is very challenging. Several surgical techniques have been described using a variety of graft choices and fixation methods, but the optimal approach is still under debate. We report our experience of two cases of chronic patellar tendon rupture reconstruction using an Achilles tendon allograft reinforced by a vascularized ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon frame. The rapid functional recovery of the range of motion, only three months postoperatively, showed us that this reconstruction technique was effective.
Protection against Doxorubicin‐Related Cardiotoxicity by Jaceosidin Involves the Sirt1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Yuzhou , Zhou Liying , Du Binbin , Liu Yuan , Xing Junhui , Guo Sen , Li Ling , Chen Hongrui
Published: August 2021

The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that jaceosidin has many biological activities. However, little is known about whether jaceosidin can attenuate DOX‐related acute cardiotoxicity. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of jaceosidin on DOX‐induced acute cardiotoxicity. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of DOX to establish an acute cardiac injury model. To explore the protective effects, mice were orally administered jaceosidin daily for 7 days, with dosing beginning 2 days before DOX injection. The results demonstrated that jaceosidin dose‐dependently reduced free radical generation, inflammation accumulation, and cell loss induced by DOX in cardiomyocytes. Further studies showed that jaceosidin treatment inhibited myocardial oxidative damage and the inflammatory response and attenuated myocardial apoptotic death, thus improving cardiac function in mice injected with DOX. The inhibitory effects of jaceosidin on DOX‐related acute cardiotoxicity were mediated by activation of the sirtuin1 (Sirt1) signaling pathway. Jaceosidin lost its protective effect against DOX‐related injury in Sirt1‐deficient cardiomyocytes and mice. In conclusion, jaceosidin has protective potential in treating DOX‐related cardiac injury through activation of the Sirt1 signaling pathway.
Urinary Kringle Domain-Containing Protein HGFL: A Validated Biomarker of Early Sickle Cell Anemia-Associated Kidney Disease
Authors: Nekhai Sergei , Lin Xionghao , Soni Simran , Taye Ammanuel , Smith Nathan , Afangbedji Nowah , Saraf Santosh L. , Gordeuk Victor R. , Taylor James G. , Jerebtsova Marina
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent complication of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Hyperfiltration that delayed detection of CKD is common in SCA patients. Identification of novel urinary biomarkers correlating with glomerular filtration rates may help to detect and predict progression of renal disease. Methods: Reanalysis of mass spectra of urinary samples obtained from University of Illinois at Chicago identified kringle domain-containing protein HGFL. Results: HGFL levels correlated with hyperfiltration, were significantly reduced at CKD stage 1 compared to stage 0, negatively correlated with progression of CKD and were suitable for differentiation of stage 1. Better prediction of CKD progression to stage 2 was observed for HGFL-based risk prediction compared to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-based prediction. Results from a Howard University patient cohort supported the utility of HGFL-based test for the differentiation of stage 1 of CKD. Conclusion: Urinary HGFL may contribute additional information beyond eGFR and improve diagnosis of early-stage CKD in SCA patients.
Gut Microbiome-Derived Uremic Toxin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients on Different Phosphate Binder Therapies
Authors: Wang Lin-Chun , Tapia Leticia M. , Tao Xia , Chao Joshua E. , Thwin Ohnmar , Zhang Hanjie , Thijssen Stephan , Kotanko Peter , Grobe Nadja
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Constipation is prevalent in patients with kidney failure partly due to the use of medication, such as phosphate binders. We hypothesized that serum levels of gut microbiome-derived uremic toxins (UTOX) may be affected by the choice of phosphate binder putatively through its impact on colonic transit time. We investigated two commonly prescribed phosphate binders, sevelamer carbonate (SEV) and sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), and their association with gut microbiome-derived UTOX levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Weekly blood samples were collected from 16 anuric HD participants during the 5-week observational period. All participants were on active phosphate binder monotherapy with either SFO or SEV for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment. Eight UTOX (7 gut microbiome-derived) and tryptophan were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Serum phosphorus, nutritional, and liver function markers were also measured. For each substance, weekly individual levels, the median concentration per participant, and differences between SFO and SEV groups were reported. Patient-reported bowel movements, by the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS), and pill usage were assessed weekly. Results: The SEV group reported a 3.3-fold higher frequency of BSS stool types 1 and 2 (more likely constipated, p < 0.05), whereas the SFO group reported a 1.5-fold higher frequency of BSS stool types 5–7 (more likely loose stool and diarrhea, not significant). Participants in the SFO group showed a trend toward better adherence to phosphate binder therapy (SFO: 87.6% vs. SEV: 66.6%, not significant). UTOX, serum phosphorus, nutritional and liver function markers, and tryptophan were not different between the two groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in the gut microbiome-derived UTOX levels between phosphate binders (SFO vs. SEV), despite SFO therapy resulting in fewer constipated participants. This pilot study may inform study design of future clinical trials and highlights the importance of including factors beyond bowel habits and their association with UTOX levels.
Levothyroxine Administration during Ramadan: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Kaissi Samer , AbdelWareth Laila , Dajani Ruba , Lee-St. John Terrence J. , Santarina Sherry Ann , Makia Fiona , AlTakruri Malak , Kaskas AbedElRahman , Ahmed Yahya
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: We have previously shown in a retrospective analysis that the plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rises significantly post-Ramadan in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid patients, possibly as a result of lifestyle alterations and time restrictions during the nonfasting period from dusk until dawn. The aim of this study is to determine the best time to instruct patients to take levothyroxine during Ramadan so as to minimize changes in thyroid function tests during this period. Methods: In a randomized prospective design, hypothyroid patients taking levothyroxine were randomized to receive instructions to take levothyroxine at one of the following 3 times during Ramadan: (group 1) at dusk 30-min before Iftar meal, (group 2) 3 or more hours after Iftar meal, or (group 3) at dawn 30-min before Suhur meal. Thyroid function tests were performed within 3 months before Ramadan and within 6 weeks post-Ramadan. Data from patients with at least 1 blood test before or after Ramadan were analyzed using mixed-effects regression models. Results: Plasma TSH levels were available at one or more time points for 148 patients, group 1 (n = 50), group 2 (n = 46), and group 3 (n = 52). A statistically significant within-patient increase in plasma TSH was seen in patients at the 25th percentile pre-Ramadan in groups 2 and 3 (p values <0.001), but not in group 1. A statistically significant within-patient decrease in plasma TSH was found in patients at the 75th percentile in group 1 only. For patients at the 50th percentile pre-Ramadan, no statically significant within-patient changes were found, though descriptively, increases in plasma TSH were observed for groups 2 and 3, while a decrease was observed in group 1. Conclusions: Our data suggest that instructing patients to take levothyroxine at the time of breaking the fast 30 min before the Iftar meal minimizes unfavorable changes in plasma TSH post-Ramadan. In contrast, instructing patients to take levothyroxine 3 h post-Iftar or 30 min before Suhur led to a greater rise in post-Ramadan TSH.
Individual and global social responsibility levels of social studies pre-service teachers in terms of different variables
Authors: Körükcü Melek , Tangülü Zafer
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the individual and global social responsibility levels of social studies pre-service teachers in terms of different variables. The research was in survey model. The study group of the research consisted of 179 pre-service teachers who studied at Social Studies Teaching Program in the Faculty of Education at Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey in the 2019-2020 academic year. Data collection tools used in the study are a Demographic Information Form developed by the researcher, Individual Social Responsibility Scale and Global Social Responsibility Scale. The data were analyzed through SPSS 20. The results of the study showed that the social studies teacher candidates' levels of individual social responsibility are high while those of global social responsibility are at medium level. It is also found that there is a significant difference in the individual and global social responsibility levels in terms of gender in favor of female pre-service teachers while there is no significant difference in terms of age variable. Also, the results show that the individual and social responsibility levels of pre-service teachers who have foreign friends are higher than those who do not have foreign friends. Another result of the study is that individual social responsibility levels predict social responsibility levels.
Issues in operating childcare centers in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Nor Azah Abdul , Zakaria Nur Hanani , Hashim Emilda , Rasli Roznim Mohamad , Saari Erni Marlina , Mustafa Mazlina Che , Yassin Sopia Md
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the qualifications of operators of Malaysian childcare centers, namely TASKA and TADIKA, and the challenges faced by practitioners in the industry of early childhood education (PAKK). This research used both qualitative and quantitative methods involving interviews and a survey. The sample study comprised 727 respondents consisting of 282 operators of TASKA and 343 operators of TADIKA. The research used a set of questionnaires and interview guidelines. The findings of the quantitative method showed the operators of TASKA and TADIKA had a diverse range of professional and academic qualifications, while the findings of the qualitative method highlighted a wide spectrum of challenges faced by operators of centers involved in the early childhood education industry. Collectively, such findings suggest that running a childcare center is fraught with a myriad of challenges encompassing economic, logistical, social, educational, and financial factors, which have to be addressed effectively. Certainly, prospective operators must seek assistance from those who are involved in the running, monitoring, and managing of such centers, notably experienced practitioners and relevant government officers. Also, to become successful entrepreneurs in this industry, they need to develop the passion and zeal to operate such centers with great success.
Learning at home: Parents’ lived experiences on distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
Authors: Agaton Casper Boongaling , Cueto Lavinia Javier
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has closed-down educational institutions and dramatically shifts the instruction to distance learning. However, students rooted from the marginalized families and from rural areas have limited access to technology necessary for online learning. Modular learning addresses this learning inequality by providing more inclusive access to education. This study explored the lived experiences of the parents who act as learning supervisor, tutor, and home-schooling teacher for modular learning during the health crisis. This research surveyed parents from the Philippines and applied Inductive Content Analysis. The results showed an agreement on the effectiveness of the implemented educational policies to contain the pandemic including the nationwide closures of schools, delaying the reopening of classes, and implementation of various instructional modalities. On the other hand, parents have encountered various challenges from the new mode of learning in virtual setting; delivery of instruction; unsatisfactory learning outcomes; financial difficulties while working for the family during lockdown; struggle with the use and availability of technology; and personal problems on health, stress, and learning style. This study serves as a basis for providing a comprehensive and inclusive education policies while considering the perspective of the learners’ parents during the pandemic and beyond.
The influence of curriculum and school climate on the academic attitude of tahfiz students in Malaysia
Authors: Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Talip Roslee , Mosin Musirin
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to examine the influence of curriculum and school climate on the academic attitude of tahfiz (memorizing Al-Quran) students in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 81 students (age 10-12) from three private tahfiz primary schools around Kota Kinabalu were involved in this study. This quantitative study used cross-sectional survey method by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers to suit the unique environment of the tahfiz schools and has gone through the process of validity and reliability. Descriptive analysis showed that student attitude variable showed a high level of mean score (above 3.80), while for school climate variable, the finding was at moderate level (Mean=3.56, SD=0.530). As for curriculum variable, most students learnt the same main subjects as studied in government-aided primary schools, with addition to Quranic subject. However, no one learnt Computer Education subject. Multiple regression analysis showed that only the school climate variable significantly influenced the academic attitude of tahfiz students (R2=0.251, Beta=0.503, p<0.001). This study will be able to provide useful information and benefit for the improvement of tahfiz institutions in Malaysia.
Elementary students’ attitudes towards STEM and 21st-century skills
Authors: Perdana Riki , Apriani An-Nisa , Richardo Rino , Rochaendi Endi , Kusuma Chahya
Published: August 2021

Science, Technology/Engineering and Math (STEM) and 21st-century learning are very important to be applied to all students starting from their early age, including at the elementary school level. This study aimed to describe students' attitudes towards STEM and 21st-century skills according to gender and education level. This research was descriptive quantitative by explaining and comparing the results of the questionnaires given to students. Student attitudes were described based on domain of STEM, 21st-century skills, gender, and student grade level. The respondent of this study was 130 elementary students who were obtained randomly from one of the elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results showed that based on the science domain, the mean score of the students was 3.23 (moderate) while mathematics domain obtained was 3.21 (moderate); technology/engineering domain obtained was 3.68 (moderate) and 21st-century skill domain obtained was 3.65 (moderate). According to gender, there was a significant difference between the attitudes of male and female students towards STEM and 21st-century skills. However, there was no significant difference based on the grade of students. Based on these findings, it is suggested that teachers or policymakers should have comprehended the student attitudes before implemented the STEM-based learning and 21st-century skills. These findings can be used to create STEM and 21st-century learning.
Student experience of using mobile devices for learning chemistry
Authors: Lok Wai Foong , Hamzah Mahizer
Published: August 2021

Mobile devices have been utilized as an emerging learning tool in the 21st century to support the learning of chemistry. This study aimed to identify matriculation students’ learning experience with regards to the use of mobile devices for learning chemistry. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, which was carried out in a matriculation college. Online diaries and interviews were utilized as the instruments of the study. A total of 84 students initially reflected their learning journey using an online diary, whereas 17 students who were active in mobile learning were purposely selected for the interview. The findings revealed that students have positive and negative experiences towards the use of mobile devices for learning chemistry. They positively perceived that using a mobile device for learning chemistry promotes knowledge construction, visualization of abstract concepts, self-control in learning and intellectual discourse. However, the issue of learning resources quality challenged their available cognitive capacity for learning chemistry. This study offered educators with insights about the importance of incorporating mobile devices for learning chemistry. Educators can plan the appropriate instructional strategies for chemistry based on the students’ learning needs.
Building a synergy between mentors’ field practices and teacher-trainees’ performance in student teaching
Authors: Gumilet Gail G. , Afalla Bonimar T. , Dangis Sanny J.
Published: August 2021

The gradual change from the position of a teacher-trainee to the role of a teacher depends on effective teamwork between educational institutions and the wider education community. Hence, this study ascertained the relationship between the field practices of college deans, supervising instructors, school principals, and teachers and the teaching performance of teacher-trainees. A descriptive-correlational study was employed in this study. A rating scale was used to collect data from the mentors and teacher-trainees who served as respondents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, and weighted means were employed to describe the levels of mentors’ field practices and teaching performance of teacher-trainees. To establish a significant relationship between the variables, the Spearman rank-order of correlation coefficient was used. Results of the study show that when the deans, supervising instructors, school principals and cooperating teachers manifest an exceptional level of field practices in student teaching, it follows that all the dimensions of field practices are highly practiced. Further, when the teacher-trainees exhibit an exemplary teaching performance, all other dimensions of student teaching are also found to be remarkable. Finally, an outstanding field practice in the student teaching shows minor or slight influence in the outstanding teaching performance of teacher-trainees.
Are students with disabilities ready for college? The influence of college readiness to college engagement
Authors: Lintangsari Alies Poetri , Emaliana Ive , Fatmawati Fatmawati , Rahajeng Unita Werdi
Published: August 2021

Inclusive education is seen as promising way to accommodate students with disabilities in accessing higher education; yet, the implementation leaves challenges for the students with disabilities and also the faculties. Regarding the secondary education curriculum that is not preparing students with disabilities to attend higher education, students with disabilities are struggling in adjusting college life. This research aimed at confirming the influence of college readiness to college engagement of students with disabilities. There were 61 college students with disabilities participated in the survey on college readiness and college engagement. Independent T-Test and simple regression analysis was applied to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the college readiness influence college engagement with large effect size (r=.769>0.50, F=85.494, p (.000) <0.01) which indicates that the more students are college-ready, the more they are engaged. Subsection’s variables of gender and education background do not statistically significant affect the college readiness and engagement of students with disabilities. As the opportunity for students with disabilities attending college is uprising, college transition program is highly suggested to prepare students with disability for college life.
Comparison of Freelite and N-Latex serum free light chain assays
Authors: Daves Massimo , Piccin Andrea , Roccaforte Vincenzo , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

The measurement of serum free light chain (FLC) represents a fundamental aspect on the assessment of patients with monoclonal gammopathies (MG). Different analytical methods for FLC have become available with the possibility to obtain different value with a substantial impact on the assessment of patients with MG. This study aimed to evaluate FLC results obtained with two different assays and how the difference value obtained can impact in the patient’s assessment. Ninety-three patient serum samples that underwent analysis for FLC with two different methods, Serum Freelite (The Binding Site, Birmingham, UK) and N-Latex FLC (Siemens, Marburg, Germany), were included in this retrospective study. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate correlation, difference, and the grade of concordance between the results obtained with the two methods. Significant statistical differences between the results obtained from the two methods were found (P < 0.05). A good correlation was found (0.99 for κ FLC, 0.95 for λ FLC, and 0.94 for the κ/λ ratio, respectively). We found a weighted kappa value of 0.65 for κ/λ ratio, 0.65 for λ FLC and 0.90 for κ FLC. A positive bias found with the Bland-Altman plot mirrors overestimation of κ FLC and κ/λ ratio with Freelite compared to N-Latex, whilst a negative bias underscores underestimation of λ FLC by Freelite compared to N-Latex. Although in general the concordance between Freelite and N-Latex appears satisfactory, several discrepancies could be evidenced and consequently the two assays are not interchangeable.
Establishing paediatric reference intervals for thyroid function tests in Croatian population on the Abbott Architect i2000
Authors: Bokulić Adriana , Zec Ivana , Marijančević Domagoj , Goreta Sanja , Požgaj Šepec Marija , La Grasta Sabolić Lavinia
Published: August 2021

Evaluation of thyroid function is often requested and therefore defining paediatric reference intervals (RIs) is of vital importance. Currently, there is a distinct lack of paediatric RIs for thyroid function tests in Croatia. Thus, we established RIs for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in the Croatian paediatric population.
Reference intervals were calculated from 397 apparently healthy children, aged from 2 days to < 19 years. Serum samples were analysed for thyroid function tests on the Abbott Architect i2000. Age- and sex-specific 95% RIs with 90% confidence intervals were established according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. To express the magnitude of sex and age variation, standard deviation ratio (SDR) was calculated using two-level nested ANOVA. The criterion for considering partitioning reference values was set to SDR > 0.3.
All thyroid function tests required age partitioning, confirmed by SDR above 0.3. There was no need for sex partitioning, confirmed by SDR below 0.3. Still, FT3 was partitioned due to visually noticeable sex related difference for the oldest group (12 years to < 19 years).
This is the first study to establish RIs for thyroid function tests in the Croatian paediatric population. We propose RIs for widely used Abbott platform, thus giving laboratories method- and population-specific paediatric RIs for thyroid function tests that should improve clinical test interpretation.
Project Metamorphosis: Designing a Dynamic Framework for Converting Musical Compositions into Paintings
Authors: Ali Rao Hamza , Fong Grace , Linstead Erik
Published: August 2021

The authors present an automated, rule-based system for converting piano compositions into paintings. Using a color-note association scale presented by Edward Maryon in 1919, which correlates a 12-tone scale with 12 hues of the color circle, the authors present a simple approach for extracting colors associated with each note played in a piano composition. The authors also describe the color extraction and art generation process in detail, as well as the process for creating “moving art,” which imitates the progression of a musical piece in real time. They share and discuss artworks generated for four well-known piano compositions.
Generating Facial Character: A Systematic Method Accumulating Expressive Histories
Authors: Jofre Ana
Published: August 2021

The author presents a method to simulate facial character development by accumulating an expressive history onto a face. The model analytically combines facial features from Paul Ekman’s seven universal facial expressions using a simple Markov chain algorithm. The output is a series of 3D digital faces created in Blender with Python. The results show that systematically imprinting features from emotional expressions onto a neutral face transforms it into one with distinct character. This method could be applied to creative works that depend on character creation, ranging from figurative sculpture to game design, and allows the creator to incorporate chance into the creative process. The author demonstrates the method’s application to sculpture with ceramic casts of generated faces.
Cross-Border Interactions and European Identity
Authors: Henriques João
Published: August 2021

This article examines what types of cross-border interactions promote a stronger sense of European identity than national identity. Firstly, using data from the Eurobarometer survey a typology of cross-border practices is constructed and associated with different levels of European identity. Secondly, a qualitative study evaluates the life course of 36 individuals involved in a European binational relationship. Both interactions within and outside Europe are assessed. The findings show that three types of interactions might promote a strong identification as European: Intra-European integrative interactions, involving a certain level of integration into the host society (in economic, educational and social systems) and associated with long-term stays; Multicultural interactions, involving a setting of shared activities and cooperation between individuals of several European nationalities; and Outside Europe interactions, that put Europe at perspective between the “we” and the “others”. On the other hand, the effect of Non-Integrative (sojourns) and short-term stays might be negligible.
The Morphosyntax of Embedded Clauses in Western Neo-Aramaic: Arabic Influence or Retention from Older Aramaic?
Authors: Bunis Ivri J.
Published: August 2021

The article asks whether the morphosyntax of embedded direct object clauses and purpose clauses in Western Neo-Aramaic reflects retention from older stages of Aramaic, or innovation under the influence of contact Arabic. To this end, direct object clauses and purpose clauses are analysed in Western Neo-Aramaic, in older stages of Aramaic, namely, Old, Official, Biblical and Qumran Aramaic, as well as Syriac, the three Western Late Aramaic dialects (CPA, JPA, SA), and in contemporaneous Syrian Arabic. The analysis considers the embedded verb form, the formal means of linking the embedded clause to the matrix clause, and the co-referentiality of the matrix and embedded subjects, and relates these features to tense-aspect-mood. The article compares the constructions in the various sources of Aramaic and Syrian Arabic and finds features that Western Neo-Aramaic has retained from Late Aramaic, which differ from Syrian Arabic, despite the well documented influence of the latter.
Aesthetic Styles and the Occupation of Space in the “Places You’ll Pray” Photo Series
Authors: Peterson Kristin M.
Published: August 2021

This paper analyzes a series of photographs that feature Muslim Americans praying in various public locations. In the “Places You’ll Pray” series, photographer Sana Ullah employs attractive settings along with framing, lighting, angle and colors to emphasize that the Islamic practice of prayer is not only an act that induces feelings of tranquility but also a beautiful practice that belongs within American public spaces. Through the policing of the sensory realm, the complex experiences of Muslims are generally over-simplified or made invisible in the media. This article explores how Muslim creators use aesthetics to shift the larger sensory realm of what is considered attractive, beautiful and valued in American society. As these photos circulate through social media and other digital spaces, Ullah and the photo subjects use the occupation of physical and digital spaces to assert that Muslim lives and Islamic values belong in the American landscape.
Salafist Third Spaces and Hybridic Purity on YouTube
Authors: Stadlbauer Susanne
Published: August 2021

This case study applies aspects of third space theory (Bhabha, 2004; Hoover & Echchaibi, 2014) to investigate the activism on the YouTube channel Salafimedia UK (smuk) and their claim to be the self-proscribed “truest” and “purest” Islamic sect. This chapter introduces the somewhat paradoxical concept of “hybridic purity” – an emerging ideology that seeks to encompass pre-modern Islamic practices of the salaf (“predecessors” or first generations of Muslims) as the purest form of Islam (see also Wagemakers, 2016); modern values of individuality and reliance on the “self”; the affordances of the YouTube channel; and resistance to present-day Western cultural and political values, especially those of the United Kingdom (UK), as well as to the UK government’s censorship and bans of Salafist movements. This hybridic purity becomes authoritative as it compels YouTube audience members to take responsibility for their own growth and activism as pious Salafists.
Holy War of Images: New Islamic Religious Cinema between Ramadan Series and Internet Streaming
Authors: Patrizi Luca
Published: August 2021

More than thirty years after the first celebrated attempt to portray the Prophet Muhammad on the big screen (The Message, 1976), we have witnessed, from the new millennium onwards, a new wave of movies and tv series that focus on Islamic religious topics, in particular on the life of the Prophet. In this battle for hegemony in the visual representation of Islamic themes, the most active players are the Muslim Brotherhood Society, operating from their well-funded new base in Qatar, and Iranian Shi‘ism. Between movies and tv series designed and realized on the life of the Prophet, and the series created for the month of Ramadan on the life of prophets and prominent religious authorities of the past, the list is enriched every year with new titles. These are now able to find global diffusion and exert a global influence through various pay and free access streaming platforms. Some of these productions seem to match the needs of political propaganda of certain Islamic denominations, in some cases even winking at the action of certain radical movements.