bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Producing Technology of Resistant Starch (RS) from Buckwheat Using Microwave Treatment
Authors: Wang Lijun , Bai Xue
Published: August 2017

Resistant Starch (RS) has various functions in controlling the Glycemic Index (GI), lowering concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, inhibiting fat accumulation, preventing colonic cancer, reducing gall stone formation, maintaining intestinal tract healthy and enhancing the absorption of minerals. Elevated RS in food is an important and effective approach for public health. RS is also an important material for industries. In this paper, the producing technologies of resistant starch from buckwheat were investigated. The results showed that the optimum parameters for producing technology of resistant starch from buckwheat using microwave treatment are microwave power at 540W, treatment time is 120s, Solid-to-liquid ratio 1:3, cold storage time 24h.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF TAPENTADOL IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Be Pradeep , S Narendranath , Ks Shruthi , Gh Shashikala , Patil Krishnagouda , S Latha
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antidepressant activity of tapentadol using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) experimental models.Methods: A total of 36 Swiss albino mice (18 for each experimental model) were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. In both the experimental models, Group I received normal saline – 10 ml/kg (Control group), Groups II and III given tapentadol 20 mg/kg and tapentadol 40 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days, intraperitoneally. On day 7, the drugs were given 40 minutes before conducting the experiment. The duration of immobility was noted and compared among all the 3 groups. The observations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test.Results: The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in both the experimental models. Tapentadol groups when compared to control group showed statistically significant values, and better results were obtained with tapentadol 20 mg/kg groups in both the models. The mean duration of Immobility was 34.67 seconds in FST model and 101.00 seconds in TST model when treated with tapentadol 20 mg/kg compared to 102.33 seconds in FST control and 141 seconds in TST control groups. FST model demonstrates greater antidepressant efficacy of tapentadol (p<0.00) than with TST model (p<0.04).Conclusion: Tapentadol showed significant antidepressant activity at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The results should be further confirmed by animal studies with different experimental models for the evaluation of depression and by human clinical studies, and if found effective, tapentadol can be preferred for patients with chronic pain, such as cancer pain.
CLINICAL CORRELATION OF AMAVATA WITH ARTHROPATHIES
Authors: Saini Neera , Nk Singh , Ps Byadgi
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the disease Amavata with current understanding of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 2010.Methods: For the present clinical study, a total of 100 patients were selected. Selection of the patients was done using subjective criteria (mentioned in Ayurvedic samhitas) to diagnose Amavata. Moreover, these patients were classified into three stages according to duration (<6 months, more than 6 months, more than 1 year) of disease. Laboratory investigations were advised such as hematological parameters and collagen profile.Results: A total of 100 cases of Amavata were divided into two groups based on ICD classification 2010. 86 cases of Amavata patients were diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis including all the three stages. 14 cases of Amavata were diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus, reactive arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis including all the three stages.Conclusion: Amavata is a syndrome may be correlated to arthropathies described under ICD classification 2010.
ANTI-MYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAPPARIS SPINOSA L. EXTRACT AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Ehsanifar Azadeh , Kazemipoor Nadia , Fouladi Bahman
Published: August 2017

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the biggest global health issues for decades. Emerging forms of the disease; however, after many years since the discovery of the last effective treatment for this disease, the emerging forms of it have made scientists worried about the disease. Most herbs have anti-microbial properties; however, there was no research on the impact of fruit Capparis spinosa on TB. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-microbial effects of bacterial C. spinosa.Methods: In this study, methanolic extract at maximum efficiency to maintain existing substances was prepared by the freeze dryer device and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria’s growth. The proportional method was used on 7 clinical samples and one reference sample H37RV with its six concentrations (80-50-25-10-1-0/2 mg/ml). In addition, to determine the effects of plant extracts in combination with rifampin, all samples were tested by the supplement combination or cover combination of these two materials. All tests were performed twice. The methanol extract of the plant at the concentration of 25 mg/mL in all samples has inhibitory effect on the growth.Results: In study, clinical samples with a lethal dose of RIFAMPIN, it was shown that none of the samples have drug resistance. The results have revealed that the methanol extract has an anti-mycobacterial effect.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Capparis spinosa possess considerable anti-mycobacterial properties in the laboratory. These results can be used as a background for further future studies on this species.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF IRIS KASHMIRIANA
Authors: Khalid Shah , Alia Aparna , Pn Shrivastava , Rather Muzafar Akbar , Sheikh Muzafar Ah
Published: August 2017

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of Iris kashmiriana ethanolic leaf extract and also total phenol and flavonoid content was evaluated.Methods: Total phenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid content (TFC) was estimated by aluminum trichloride spectrophotometer method. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was revealed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, and reducing power assay.Results: The ethanolic leaf extract of I. kashmiriana showed TPC of 13.25±0.57 μg/100 μg gallic acid equivalents and TFC of 33.61±3.37 μg/100 μg rutin equivalents. The DPPH assay revealed IC50 of 0.418 mg/ml and for H2O2 radical scavenging IC50 was 0.476 mg/ml for the plant extract while as reducing power assay revealed concentration-dependent absorption values which clearly determine the antioxidant property of plant.Conclusion: From the results, it is apparent that I. kashmiriana ethanolic leaf extract possessed potential antioxidant activity which can be used to cure wide range of diseases.
NON INVASIVE DELIVERY OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DRUGS: A REVIEW
Authors: Lakshmi P.k. , Prasanthi D , Veeresh B
Published: August 2017

Till recent, injections remained the most common route for administration of protein and peptide drugs because of their poor bioavailability in the other routes. Because it is generally recognized that injection based delivery is a major impediment to the commercial success of therapeutic proteins and peptides, research in both academia and industry continues to focus on ways to overcome this problem. Possible non-parenteral administration routes for delivery of peptide and protein drugs include oral, nasal, ocular, transdermal, rectal, colonic, and vaginal route. The large surface area associated with most of these routes makes them attractive targets for drug delivery. While non-invasive administration by these routes is considered a more logical and achievable option for local treatment regimens, systemic delivery of proteins and peptides is significantly more challenging. In spite of effort made on the development of drugs for these routes, most of the successes fail to address how the technology will be transformed to a commercial product. The only notable exceptions have been the successful commercialization of nasal formulations for systemic delivery of a limited number of therapeutic peptides, and recent regulatory approvals of both pulmonary and buccal delivery systems for systemic delivery of insulin and an oral formulation of a small peptide analog, cyclosporine, have been commercialized. The present review aims to discuss the potential non-invasive routes of protein and peptide drug delivery. The factors which will affect drug transport and the bioavailability of proteins administered through these routes is also emphasized
DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SOLANUM SURATTENSE BURM. F. BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Preet Raman , Gupta Raghbir Chand
Published: August 2017

Objective: This study aims to document the fatty acid composition of Solanum surattense Burm. f. collected from hot desert of India, Rajasthan.Methods: The fatty acid analysis was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The operating conditions used to examine methyl esters of fatty acids are as follows. Fatty acids were converted into methyl esters (FAMEs) before GC analysis according to the standard methods by Ranganna (1986). Quantitative determinations of FAMEs were conducted using GC-FID and capillary column HP-88 Agilent Technologies.Results: The most abundant fatty was palmitic acid (13.2%), oleic acid (22.9%), and linoleic acid (11.9%). This plant is good source of important fatty acids including all the groups of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs and PUFAs) and can be used as a commercial source of fatty acids especially MUFAs and PUFAs.Conclusion: The plant is well studied for various pharmacological activities such as antiasthmatic, anticancer, cardiovascular, and hepatoprotective. Determination of fatty acid profiles in nutritional and clinical research with precision and fastness has become popular for human health and basic research.
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN IRULA TRIBAL POPULATION
Authors: Dinesh Ramya , S Ramalakshmi
Published: August 2017

Objective: The study is to analyze the prevalence of infections caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), and to analyze of risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) transmission among the Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 350 participants of Irula tribes from 15 different locations of Tamil Nadu. All serum samples were tested for serological markers of HBV (HBsAg) by 3rd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and the data were subjected to analyze using SPSS (version 17.0) and Chi-square test to determine the risk factors of HBV among Irula tribes.Results: In the study, HBsAg positivity was observed in a higher percentage in males 10 (8.47%) than females 9 (3.54%) and their all age groups indicate the high prevalence of HBV infection in Irula tribes. Analysis of risk factors showed that jaundice in family (JF), tattooing, series of injection, sexual promiscuity, and surgery with blood transfusion plays a major role in transmission in spread of HBV.Conclusion: Hepatitis B is a major health problem in Irula tribes and needs to design intervention strategies among Irula tribal population.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF 3-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)-1, 3-DIPHENYLPROPAN-1-ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: K S Manjunatha , Cp Manu , Nd Satyanarayan , Kn Vinay , Ms Vineetha , More S Sunil
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of the study is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1, 3-diphenylpropan-1-one derivatives by Ellman’s method, physostigmine is used as positive control.Method: 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1, 3-diphenylpropan-1-one derivatives were synthesized by the addition of chalcone (0.25 g, 1 mmol), indole (0.12 g, 1 mmol) in ethanol (5 ml), and concentrated hydrochloric acid (5 mmol %). These earlier synthesized compounds were screened for AChE inhibitors by modifying Ellman’s method.Results: Among the tested compounds, 3a and 3j were found to be having more potential than other compounds with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 13.64 and 14.3 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas, compounds 3c, 3e, 3g, and 3i exhibited an average AChE inhibition of 16.4, 17.9, 17.6, and 21.1 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The compounds 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1, 3-diphenylpropan-1-one derivatives were found to be possible lead molecules in AChE inhibition and even though, the molecules were structurally dissimilar to that of the standard, still they exhibited a considerable degree of inhibition and encourage the researchers to look into the mode of action of their inhibition ability against AChE.
COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE HEARING LEVELS AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Reddy Ranganatha , Kumar Vinod , V Rakesh , B Mahitha , K Ashritha , Yadav Nikitha
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess and compare the hearing levels among individuals with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: Before conducting threshold testing, a complete case history was obtained and otoscopy completed. Blood samples were collected to assess glycated hemoglobin levels. Pure-tone average (PTA) was calculated from three frequencies (500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz). PTA two was calculated from three frequencies (1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4000 Hz). It is charted in the form of a graph called the “audiogram.”Results: Overall results showed that the PTA values were better for controlled DM patients when compared to uncontrolled DM which is statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Observations from the study conclude on the massive need for screening hearing function as routine in diabetic care from the very start with diagnosis. Aggressive control of hyperglycemia and timely checks are mandatory to arrest hearing loss in type 2 diabetes.
ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN CHILDREN OF JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: Meena Chetram , Rathore Suman , Dwivedi Supriya , Gonmei Zaozianlungliu , Gs Toteja , Bala Kumud , Ss Mohanty
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children.Methods: The study of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children (6-14 years old) was conducted in the two blocks (a) Jamwaramgarh block ;Heerawala, Palera ,Nayabas, Saipur and Birasana, (b) Amber block; Jugalpura, Chitanukalan, Sunder ka bas, Peelwa and Sirsali of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India of the study villages. Total 150, children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) levels in drinking water in the etiology of dental fluorosis (DF) and the cases of dental fluorosis (DF) in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed using DEAN’S classification. The fluoride (F) concentration in source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride (F) ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA).Results: The F concentration in (Tube well and Hand pump) water ranges from 0.7 to 15.0 parts per million (ppm) in Jamwaramgarh block and 1.40 to 5. 10 parts per million (ppm) in Amber block. Prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) 27 (36%) in Jamwaramgar block and 26 (34.66%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in levels of F in drinking water is positively correlated with dental fluorosis.Conclusion: This study finding has shown the relation of dental fluorosis (DF) to high fluoride (F) levels in drinking water sources. A higher fluoride (F) levels in source of drinking water is a major risk factor for dental fluorosis. In view of the severity of the problem the intake of calcium rich foods and defluoridation techniques may help reducing risk of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children.
STEROID-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: A Umamaheswari , K Bhuvaneswari , S Ramalingam
Published: August 2017

To report a severe adverse drug reaction (ADR) due to administration of injection hydrocortisone sodium succinate and to explore the possibility of an association between injection hydrocortisone and the severe ADR. After getting ethics approval from the institution, ADR form and patient’s clinical record from the Department of Cardiology, in a Private Medical College was received. In that, it was recorded as a 75-year-old male patient, a case of unstable angina with troponin T - positive, was posted for coronary angiogram developed a severe reaction to intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone 100 mg stat, given to prevent allergy to contrast dye used in the procedure. 5 minutes after drug administration, he developed sudden itching all over the body, hypotension blood pressure: 60 mmHg and swelling of lips. No other drugs had been given at that time. The patient was already on aspirin 150 mg, clopidogrel 75 mg, and atorvastatin 80 mg, and enoxaparin 40 mg. The procedure was abandoned, and the patient was given injection pheniramine maleate 45.5 mg IV, injection dopamine 10 mcg/kg/min IV. He symptomatically improved within 6 hrs. Causality analysis using the WHO scale categorizes it as probable, as anaphylaxis occurred immediately after administration of hydrocortisone, no other drugs were given at that time, and rechallenge was not done. Very few cases of various steroid-induced anaphylaxis have been reported worldwide. This one among the rare ADR report may be due to the steroid or the excipients in the preparation. Skin prick test or in vitro (radioallergosorbent test assay) test can be done immediately to confirm the causative allergen in this case and would also help in identifying specific agents that will be tolerated in the future treatment.
EVALUATION OF ANTIUROLITHIATIC PROPERTY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FENNEL SEEDS IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: Poojar Basvaraj , Ommurugan Balaji , Adiga Shalini , Thomas Huban
Published: August 2017

Objective: Few studies have explored the diuretic property of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic property of ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in male Wistar albino rats.Methods: Prophylactic and curative urolithiasis models were used with 5 groups of 6 rats in each model. Ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in three doses 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg was used. Cystone 750 mg/kg was used as a standard drug. All drugs were administered orally. Zinc discs were surgically implanted in the bladder in all rats. After recovery, rats in the prophylactic model received three different doses of ethanolic extract of fennel seeds along with 1% ethylene glycol for 2 weeks whereas the rats in the other model received 1% ethylene glycol for 2 weeks followed by an ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in three doses for the next 2 weeks. Both models had a control group receiving 1% ethylene glycol. At the end of study period, rats were sacrificed and vesical calculi collected, weighed, and statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA.Results: In both the models, all three doses of an extract of fennel seeds were effective in reducing stone formation as compared to control group with p<0.05. In both the models, all three test doses were comparable with cystone, but 300 mg/kg extract in prophylactic showed significance (p <0.05) when compared to standard.Conclusion: Fennel seeds can be used prophylactically as well as curatively in the treatment of urolithiasis. However, further studies and clinical trials are warranted to explore this property.
IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR MODELLING OF SODIUM-DEPENDENT SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER PROTEIN FROM HOMO SAPIENS
Authors: Bansal Hina , Jabalia Neetu
Published: August 2017

Objective: The objective of our investigation is to apply computational tools for a protein sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SERT). It plays a role in sudden infant death syndrome, aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease, and depression-susceptibility. Although various conventional and experimental therapies have been directed for the treatment, still it needs attention for more effective treatments. Toward this pursuit, we performed in silico analysis of the protein using computational tools and servers.Methods: Homology modeling approach has been used to define the tertiary structure of the protein using SWISS-MODEL workspace. Modal validation was done to verify the generated modal. Furthermore, primary and secondary structural and functional analysis was performed to provide more perceptions into the selected protein. The protein disorder analysis was performed using PrDOS server.Results: The results of the primary structure analyses suggested that SERT is an acidic and hydrophobic protein in nature. It is structurally stable. The secondary structural analysis results revealed that random coils dominated among secondary structure elements. The homology modeling showed that the QMEAN score of the model was −5.17, and the sequence identity was 52%. Validation protein models using Rampage revealed that more that 95.9% residues were in favored regions. The protein disorder detected by PrDOS showed the total disorder amino acid residues were 89 (14.1%).Conclusion: The study provides valuable clues for initiation of experimental characterization of this protein and throws light on some novel insights into the structural features of sodium-dependent SERT protein from Homo sapiens. This will also helpful in conducting docking studies for the receptor protein against various drug molecules.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BARK EXTRACTS OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L) VENT
Authors: Saha Priyanka , Choudhury Prakash Roy , Das Subrata , Talukdar Anupam Das , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of the present work is to screen the antioxidant potentiality of the bark extract of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent, ethnomedicinally prescribed plant as hepatoprotective.Methods: Bark extracts were prepared using soxhlet apparatus. Total phenol, flavonoid, and total alkaloid were analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, atropine standard, respectively. Antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging potentialities were done by several in vitro methods, viz.; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, reducing power assay, metal chelating activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.Result: Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid were found to be highest in methanolic extract of O. indicum (L) Vent. Methanolic extract of the bark showed very low inhibitory concentration (IC50) and effective concentration values for DPPH assay and reducing power assay compared to another extract. In hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay, the lowest IC50 value was recorded in methanolic extract with 153.45±0.06 μg/ml. The FRAP assay for O. indicum methanolic extract showed the highest activity at 940.09±0.07 μg/mL of ascorbic acid equivalent. The ferric reducing capacity and TBA values of the plant extracts confirmed the presence antioxidant principles in the bark of the said plant.Conclusion: These underused plants may be used for mitigating the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species-mediated disease and thus justifies its use in folklore medicines.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL IN VITRO RAISED STEVIA PLANT
Authors: Sharma Neeta Raj , Meshram Vineet , Gupta Mahiti
Published: August 2017

Objective: This communication explores a lead fraction from methanolic extract of novel Stevia species raised under in vitro conditions for its various biological activities.Methods: The dried Stevia leaves were crushed in methanol to get the polar extract. This methanol extract was tested for pancreatic lipase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity using quantitative plate assays. Antibacterial property of the extract was also evaluated against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.Results: The methanolic extract inhibited pancreatic lipase with IC50 of 5.74 μg/ml in a similar manner to a well-known anti-obesity drug in the market orlistat. The methanolic extract also showed a better pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50=88 μg/ml) than acarbose. Further, the lead fraction exhibited 88.48% antioxidant activity. It also exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against the spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested under laboratory conditions with a minimal inhibitory concentration ranging from 1.95 to 31.25 μg/ml.Conclusion: Thus, this study signifies the vast potential of the lead fraction from a novel Stevia species for further development into a herbal formulation for prevention of various infectious and non-infectious diseases.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR – HYPOTHALAMUS AND LIMBIC SYSTEM: THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
Authors: S Anjali Daisy
Published: August 2017

It is intuitive to understand how sensory information gets to the brain and how motor information can travel to the muscles together where these twosystems allow us to detect and respond to the world around us but how do we engage with that world, how do we determine what is important, andhow do we fall in the analysis. These higher cortical functions involve the complex interplay between neurotransmitters and hormones throughout theentire nervous system. There are two major anatomical behaviors; the limbic system and hypothalamus. These structures that support much highercortical functions hypothalamus is a very small structure but it is absolutely critical for life and it allows us to respond to both the internal and externalenvironment and to maintain homeostasis. The limbic system is important for learning and memory, and all emotional aspects of behavior importantlylimbic and hypothalamic structures are interconnected with each other. Let’s begin with an anatomical overview of the hypothalamus in the middlesection. You can delineate the hypothalamus from the thalamus through the hypothalamic sulcus anteriorly, the hypothalamus extends to the anteriorcommissure, and the optic chiasm inferiorly and it includes the mammillary bodies and extends to the infundibula stock where it communicateswith the pituitary glands. It is a coronal section through the brain. It is the third ventricle, you can identify the thalamus on either side of the thirdventricle and underneath; the thalamus is the hypothalamus and it extends laterally to these descending fiber bundles which are part of the internalcapsule. The hypothalamus is structurally part of the diencephalon but it functions as part of the limbic system through reciprocal connections. Ithelps to maintain homeostasis in the entire body through influences on the endocrine system and importantly through its primary influence onboth the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; the limbic system is extremely old from an evolutionary perspective in its connections and it isinterposed between the hypothalamus and the neocortex and providing a bridge between endocrine visceral emotional and voluntary responses tothe environment.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE WEIGHT LOSS AND ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AFTER PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY: A NEED FOR PRE-DISCHARGED COUNSELING
Authors: Shetty Prasad N , Tom Devasia , Rao K Yeshwanth , Singh Ajit , Karim Hasheer
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To see the association between weight loss and anxiety, depression after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for coronary artery disease patients. (1) To see the severity of anxiety and depression 1 month after PTCA, (2) to evaluate the relationship between the weight changes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in 1 month follow-up.Methods: A total 1001 patients who underwent PTCA for acute coronary syndrome and coronary heart disease were included. Data were collected at baseline and 1 month after PTCA. A validated Euro 5Q-5D-5L questionnaire was used to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between weight loss status and anxiety, depression.Results: There was a significant decrease in mean weight 1 month after coronary angioplasty (64.18±11.022 vs. 61.96±11.17, p<0.001). No association was observed between weight loss status and anxiety, depression in PTCA patients (p=0.5) and there is no significant association between weight changes and MACE 1 month after PTCA (p=0.92).Conclusion: Data show that anxiety and depression were observed in 64.9% of the study population after coronary angioplasty but anxiety and depression are not associated with weight loss after PTCA. Loss of weight may be due to the modified post angioplasty lifestyles such as adherent to Mediterranean diet, physical exercise, cessation of smoking, optimum control of blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood cholesterol along with prescribed medications. Anxiety and depression may turn into chronic stage if not treated wisely could lead to significant MACE. Proper pre-hospital discharge counseling is necessary for all post PTCA patients to sustain their quality of life.
CLEMASTINE, THE H1 HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, ALTERS THE HUMAN SEX AND THYROID HORMONAL PROFILES
Authors: Abd-rabou Ahmed , Ahmed Hanaa , Eskander Emad
Published: August 2017

Objective: Clemastine is widely used as an antihistaminic drug. However, clemastine effectively acts as an antagonist of H1 histamine receptor, it has significant burden adverse effects causing common nervous system, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal ailments, as well as rare cardiac and immune system disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate whether there is a remarkable impact of clemastine administration on the human hormonal pituitary-thyroid-adrenal axis.Methods: To achieve that, hormonal profile was tested in the sera of males and females treated and untreated individuals with clemastine. This is to measure serum estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, fasting insulin, and cortisol levels. The circulating hormonal levels were measured quantitatively using enzyme-link immunosorbent assay.Results: We resulted that there were significant differences of the human hormonal profile on clemastine treatment.Conclusion: Hormonal profiling showed that there were remarkable signatures could be of great interest to underline some recommendations and guidelines optimizing the clemastine dosage to avoid burdens associated with the administration of this drug as well as maintain the physiological and psychological performances of both sexes exposing to clemastine during the period of allergic treatment.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CELECOXIB NANOEMULGEL
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Prajapati Bhupendra G
Published: August 2017

Objective: The main objective of this experiment was to prepare and optimized celecoxib nanoemulgel. This formulation can be used for acuterheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods: Celecoxib is a poorly water soluble drug. We prepared celecoxib nanoemulgel to improve intrinsic solubility of celecoxib and enhancedeeper permeation throughout the skin. After several screening, the combination of acetonitrile, triacetin, campul 908P was considered for oil phase;acconon MC8-2EP as surfactant, and capmul MCM C-10 as a co-surfactant accordingly. As per Box-Behnken surface design model, optimization wasdone for all the 13 formulations.Results: Based on pseudo ternary plot, it was found that 4:1 Smix ratio was optimum and possessed maximum drug solubility. Further, screeningshown, 0.25-0.75% carbopol-940 can be a stable candidate for hydrogel preparation. Prepared nanoemulsions and hydrogels were admixed to preparenanoemulgel. Based on overlay plot, EG14* formulation was consider as optimum one, and various evaluation parameters were performed along withother formulations. Using Franz diffusion cell, in-vitro diffusion studies was performed. Almost all the formulations produces good qualitative drugrelease profile. The EG14* shown 95.50% drug release after 12th hrs with standard Higuchi plot (R2 value 0.9989). The optimum viscosity was foundto be 521±0.81 mPas at 100 rpm. The appearance of the formulations was milky, yellowish white with expectable pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.7. Theoptimized formulation has good spreadability coefficient, good ex-vivo diffusion enhancement factor (3.03) as compare to marketed gel. Mostly, ourformulations have less skin irritation and higher anti-inflammatory activity (92.56% of inhibition of paw edema for EG14*).Conclusion: From the thermodynamic studies, it was confirmed that EG14* maintained excellent stability profile in various heating-cooling cycle,centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle condition. Hence, it can be conclude that, our formulation, can be consider for pilot scale up.
Jogos digitais na educação: possibilidades para temas geradores
Authors: Cipriani Cristian , Eggert Edla
Published: August 2017

Faz pouco mais de cinquenta anos que os jogos digitais iniciaram sua trajetória pelo mundo. De fase em fase afloram recheados de discussões e pormenores que merecem ser discutidos ao invés de negligenciados. Diante disso,  o que nos propomos neste ensaio é pensar os jogos digitais na educação a partir das concepções de Paulo Freire – mais especificamente os jogos despontando com temas geradores.  Para o melhor desenvolvimento da temática, partimos da seguinte pergunta-guia: Os jogos digitais, enquanto linguagens, podem ser parte do processo maior para pensar os temas geradores, tal como outros pontos circunstancias da teoria de Paulo Freire? Nossos argumentos centralizam-se em leituras freireanas, com aproximações ao pensamento pragmático norte americano. Na primeira parte do artigo nos debruçamos sobre as questões dos temas geradores, e na segunda parte, aproximamos discussões teóricas com a viabilidade de exemplos com games mercadológicos. Ao final, nos parece que os jogos digitais tomados como temas geradores, são ferramentas desafiadoras à alfabetização funcional tecnológica.
La grieta zapatista en el muro capitalista: resistencia y organización frente a la hidra capitalista, pensamiento crítico y educación emancipadora
Authors: Mejía Noemí , Guerrero Miguel Escobar , Buen Andrea De , Silva Mayra , Navarro Fernanda
Published: August 2017

Este texto es una síntesis de la experiencia zapatista. Uno de sus últimos comunicados: “Que etiemble en sus centros la tierra” nos sorprende de nuevo con su creatividad, audacia y coherencia. Su Mandar Obedeciendo (el pueblo) pronto sorprenderá de nuevo al mundo ante “la agudización del despojo y la represión que no han parado en 524 años em que los poderosos iniciaron una guerra que tiene como fin exterminar a los que de la tierra somos y que como sus hijos no hemos permitido su destrucción y muerte para beneficiar a la ambición capitalista que no conoce fin, más que la destrucción misma”. Aquí presentamos lo que seguimos aprendiendo de las comunidades zapatistas y la fomra como logramos traer su palabra como acción transformadora al aula.
Políticas de certificação de saberes do trabalho no Brasil: a construção da Rede Certific
Authors: Lima Natalia Valadares , Cunha Daisy Moreira
Published: August 2017

Este artigo analisa os marcos legais que dispõem sobre a certificação profissional com base no reconhecimento de saberes construídos na experiência de trabalho, no lastro de políticas públicas que visam assegurar direitos do trabalho e da educação. Partindo da promulgação da lei 9.394/1996, instrumento que amplia o conceito de educação e também dos processos educativos, apresenta-se os dispositivos legais que emergem para regulamentar os dispostos sobre a educação profissional e reconhecimento de saberes. Posteriormente, serão apresentadas as políticas públicas voltadas para certificação profissional, que surgem a partir do reconhecimento de outros locais, que não à escola, como ambientes de construção de conhecimento. Finalmente, discorreremos sobre a implementação da Rede Nacional de Certificação Profissional – Rede CERTIFIC, elaborada em uma ação articulada entre Ministérios da Educação e do Trabalho.
Alteridade ética e desafios pedagógicos
Authors: Sidekum Antonio
Published: August 2017

O presente texto Alteridade Ética e Desafios Pedagógicos centraliza-se no principal problema da sociedade contemporânea, apresentando a violência que predomina nos países da América Latina. O texto traz as reflexões do Prof. Dr. José María Tojeira, da Universidade Centro-americana, San Salvador, El Salvador. Mostra o fenômeno da violência e quais seriam possíveis estratégias para superar este mal. A violência social e principalmente das violências é a ausência de programas éticos dos políticos; por isso, predomina a corrupção institucionalizada pela fragilidade do desempenho da justiça em nossos países.
Problemas de ejecución en el marco de los sistemas extrajudiciales de resolución de conflictos en línea, vinculados al comercio electrónico B2C
Authors: Nava González Wendolyne
Published: August 2017

Desde hace casi dos décadas los mecanismos extrajudiciales de resolución de conflictos en línea han buscado consolidarse como una opción viable para solucionar controversias derivadas del comercio electrónico entre empresas y consumidores, que se caracterizan por ser de escasa cuantía y de índole trasnacional. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados, hasta el momento no han logrado el objetivo a cabalidad. Una de las razones es la dificultad que representa ejecutar un acuerdo o laudo derivado de un procedimiento en línea, por lo que resulta interesante analizar esa problemática y formular algunos planteamientos en el tema.
Los derechos humanos: nuevo escenario de la investigación jurídica
Authors: Witker Jorge
Published: August 2017

Se trata de una reflexión epistemológica, que distingue las investigaciones jurídicas formalistas, de las investigaciones sociojurídicas, en donde el investigador pasa de una posición neutral-objetiva a una posición activa de sujeto histórico éticamente comprometido con el tema de derechos humanos.
Canadian Broadcasting and Multiculturalism: Attempts to Accommodate Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Thomas Eric
Published: August 2017

This article proposes a framework for the analysis of the role of ethnic minorities in Canadian broadcasting. It takes into consideration the intersection of American, English-Canadian, and French-Canadian television output, as well as the divergent underlying cultural and linguistic policies of the Canadian and Quebec governments.
The Development of Canadian Sports Broadcasting 1920-78
Authors: Cavanagh Richard P.
Published: August 2017

The emergence of sport as a staple of Canadian broadcasting has a lengthy and complex history, variously involving agents of private capital and the state. Both professional and amateur sport have been targeted for reasons which differ according to their respective ideological and economic bases.
Musings on Reason and Passion; or, Science and Politics in Ottawa 1992
Authors: Andrew Caroline
Published: August 2017

The title of this text was chosen in part to draw parallels with Joyce Wieland’s quilt—“Reason over passion”—that was designed as a symbol of the Trudeau era in federal politics. I certainly do not want to get involved at the present time in an evaluation of Trudeau nor is my position really that current politics is “Passion over reason” although I do want to look at that possibility. The reason I want to think about Joyce Wieland’s quilt is to evoke the sort of naïve joy captured in the quilt—the pleasure and almost triumph of seeing reason firmly installed in politics.
The Mass Media and Political Crisis: Reporting Canada’s Constitutional Struggles
Authors: Taras David
Published: August 2017

This article examines media coverage of the Meech Lake and Canada rounds of the constitutional crisis. How media reporting may have influenced the negotiation process, the controversies that erupted over alleged political bias in the CBC’s reporting and over the wide differences that seemed to separate anglophone and francophone journalists and the difficulties that television seemed to have in conveying complex issues are the central themes that are explored. It uses Joshua Meyrowitz’s work to examine the extent to which television may have created a “shared arena” that intruded on and transformed the constitution-making process.
Constructions, Deconstructions, and Reconstructions: Competing Canadian Discourses on Ethnocultural Terminology
Authors: Karim Karim H.
Published: August 2017

Dominant, oppositional, alternative, and populist discourses compete with each other through their respective uses of ethnocultural terminology to develop inclusive or exclusive symbolic constructions of Canadian society.
Canadian Participation in International Co-Productions and Co-Ventures in Television Programming
Authors: Hoskins Colin , McFadyen Stuart
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the importance of international co-productions/co-ventures to Canadian television program production and the motives of participants in choosing this mode. The objective is to improve our understanding of this competitive strategy in the increasingly global television market emerging as a consequence of the new technologies and trend to de-regulation.
Mohawk Airwaves and Cultural Challenges: Some Reflections on the Politics of Recognition and Cultural Appropriation After the Summer of 1990
Authors: Roth Lorna
Published: August 2017

Abstract: This paper closely examines the phone-in community radio service of Kahnawake as it emerged and evolved during and after the Kanehsatake and Kahnawake/governments' confrontation in the summer of 1990. Reflecting on an incident in which a community group in LaSalle attempted to appropriate the Kahnawake airwaves for their own political ends, the paper raises questions about constituency-group control, ownership, and cross-cultural sharing of First Nations community radio airtime and cultural content. Résumé: Cet article examine en profondeur le service de ligne ouverte offert par la radio communautaire de Kahnawake tel qu'il a évolué pendant et après la confrontation entre les différents palliers gouvernementaux d'un bord et Kanehsatake / Kahnawake de l'autre durant l'été 1990. Analysant une tentative de la part d'un groupe communautaire de LaSalle de s'approprier les ondes à Kahnawake pour ses propres fins politiques, nous soulevons des questions en rapport avec le contrôle, le partage et le droit de propriété qu'auraient différents groupes d'intérêt et / ou culturels.
Canadian “Range Wars”: Struggles over Indian Cowboys
Authors: Burgess Marilyn
Published: August 2017

Rodeo performances by Indian cowboys have historically meant “trouble” in the text of the popular history of western Canada. By analyzing the struggle over Indian rodeo at Banff Indian Days in the late 1960s, I show how some public performances can destabilize narratives of identity and essentialist categories of racial difference.
The European Community and Audio-visual Culture
Authors: Hutchison David
Published: August 2017

In recent years the European Community has taken a number of initiatives in the audio-visual field. The background to these initiatives is explored, their scope is explained, and the likelihood of the Community’s stated objectives being attained is considered.
Third Service, Third Network: The CanWest Global System
Authors: Taylor Paul W.
Published: August 2017

The growth of the CanWest Global System as a third service in the Canadian Broadcasting System is examined with particular attention to its national infrastructure and non-network status. Through the internalization of international joint ventures and co-productions, CanWest Global might set a trend for Canadian broadcasters in a global, post-network, deregulated environment.
Canadian Press Coverage of the Ethnic Chinese Community: A Content Analysis of The Toronto Star and the Vancouver Sun, 1970-1990
Authors: Ma Jianming , Hildebrandt Kai
Published: August 2017

We examined the coverage of ethnic Chinese in The Toronto Star and the Vancouver Sun from 1970 to 1990. Coverage and the diversity of stories grew dramatically. However, the largely positive slant of most 1970 stories was later balanced by neutral and negative coverage. The reportage slant changed partly because cultural stories were augmented by crime and (increasingly negative) immigration stories. The decline of “stereotypically positive" stories may also mark the increasing integration of the Chinese community and their coverage into the mainstream.
Doing Things Electronically
Authors: Crowley David
Published: August 2017

There is a tradition of inquiry in Canada focused on the wider questions of technology and society. This set of themes may again be relevant as we are drawn away from the form of monopoly practices associated with mass media and we begin to deal with the resurgence of social and technological activity centred around contemporary transformations of the book, the newspaper, and the broadcast. More often than not, the instrument of this challenge is the computer. What are the outlines of this development and how can we address its consequences?
Authoring Literacy: From Index to Hypermedia
Authors: Hunter Jesse
Published: August 2017

This article charts a thin history of cross-referencing from the classical and medieval commonplace, through print and the index, to hypermedia databases. Cultural practices of early printers are considered in relation to the category “author” and hierarchical structures of textual organization. The challenge to these concepts posed by current uses of hypermedia and electronic writing spaces is evaluated.
Tools for Enhancing the International Exchange of Communication Research
Authors: Mitchell David
Published: August 2017

Can tools be developed to enhance the global exchange of research in communications? A model developed by Mansell et al. is used to conceptualize where probable “bottlenecks” might develop in efforts to network communications research. One likely bottleneck is bibliographical support systems which at present are poorly developed in our field. A new thesaurus structure developed by UNESCO's COMNET might serve as an international standard for indexing communications materials. This could enhance the networking of research at various levels of technical sophistication.
Privacy in Electronic Public Space: Emerging Issues
Authors: Samarajiva Rohan
Published: August 2017

Telecommunications networks (including the National Information Infrastructure being promoted by the Clinton Administration in the U.S.) are increasingly being perceived as important to the well-being of the economy and the polity. Use of telecommunication networks is increasing dramatically. Telecommunication networks are no longer limited to the conveyance of voice messages from one point to another. The kinds of information that can be transmitted over telecommunication networks now include voice, data, and images. No longer are these networks limited to point-to-point communication. Conferencing capabilities enable many-to-many communication. Automatic dialers combined with taped human or voice-synthesized messages “broadcast” to many points. Interactive or recorded mass announcement services allow simultaneous access to identical messages by multiple users. Along with these developments, telecommunication and privacy—two terms that were hardly if ever mentioned in the same sentence—have become strongly linked in the past two to three years, owing to a number of reasons.