bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
teemi: An open-source literate programming approach for iterative design-build-test-learn cycles in bioengineering
Authors: Petersen Søren D. , Levassor Lucas , Pedersen Christine M. , Madsen Jan , Hansen Lea G. , Zhang Jie , Haidar Ahmad K. , Frandsen Rasmus J. N. , Keasling Jay D. , Weber Tilmann , Sonnenschein Nikolaus , K. Jensen Michael
Published: March 2024

Synthetic biology dictates the data-driven engineering of biocatalysis, cellular functions, and organism behavior. Integral to synthetic biology is the aspiration to efficiently find, access, interoperate, and reuse high-quality data on genotype-phenotype relationships of native and engineered biosystems under FAIR principles, and from this facilitate forward-engineering strategies. However, biology is complex at the regulatory level, and noisy at the operational level, thus necessitating systematic and diligent data handling at all levels of the design, build, and test phases in order to maximize learning in the iterative design-build-test-learn engineering cycle. To enable user-friendly simulation, organization, and guidance for the engineering of biosystems, we have developed an open-source python-based computer-aided design and analysis platform operating under a literate programming user-interface hosted on Github. The platform is called teemi and is fully compliant with FAIR principles. In this study we apply teemi for i) designing and simulating bioengineering, ii) integrating and analyzing multivariate datasets, and iii) machine-learning for predictive engineering of metabolic pathway designs for production of a key precursor to medicinal alkaloids in yeast. The teemi platform is publicly available at PyPi and GitHub.
Using early detection data to estimate the date of emergence of an epidemic outbreak
Authors: Jijón Sofía , Czuppon Peter , Blanquart François , Débarre Florence
Published: March 2024

While the first infection of an emerging disease is often unknown, information on early cases can be used to date it. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, previous studies have estimated dates of emergence (e.g., first human SARS-CoV-2 infection, emergence of the Alpha SARS-CoV-2 variant) using mainly genomic data. Another dating attempt used a stochastic population dynamics approach and the date of the first reported case. Here, we extend this approach to use a larger set of early reported cases to estimate the delay from first infection to the Nth case. We first validate our framework by running our model on simulated data. We then apply our model using data on Alpha variant infections in the UK, dating the first Alpha infection at (median) August 21, 2020 (95% interpercentile range across retained simulations (IPR): July 23–September 5, 2020). Next, we apply our model to data on COVID-19 cases with symptom onset before mid-January 2020. We date the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan at (median) November 28, 2019 (95% IPR: November 2–December 9, 2019). Our results fall within ranges previously estimated by studies relying on genomic data. Our population dynamics-based modelling framework is generic and flexible, and thus can be applied to estimate the starting time of outbreaks in contexts other than COVID-19.
Succinate utilisation by Salmonella is inhibited by multiple regulatory systems
Authors: Wenner Nicolas , Zhu Xiaojun , Rowe Will P. M. , Händler Kristian , Hinton Jay C. D.
Published: March 2024

Succinate is a potent immune signalling molecule that is present in the mammalian gut and within macrophages. Both of these infection niches are colonised by the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during infection. Succinate is a C4-dicarboyxlate that can serve as a source of carbon for bacteria. When succinate is provided as the sole carbon source for in vitro cultivation, Salmonella and other enteric bacteria exhibit a slow growth rate and a long lag phase. This growth inhibition phenomenon was known to involve the sigma factor RpoS, but the genetic basis of the repression of bacterial succinate utilisation was poorly understood. Here, we use an experimental evolution approach to isolate fast-growing mutants during growth of S. Typhimurium on succinate containing minimal medium. Our approach reveals novel RpoS-independent systems that inhibit succinate utilisation. The CspC RNA binding protein restricts succinate utilisation, an inhibition that is antagonised by high levels of the small regulatory RNA (sRNA) OxyS. We discovered that the Fe-S cluster regulatory protein IscR inhibits succinate utilisation by repressing the C4-dicarboyxlate transporter DctA. Furthermore, the ribose operon repressor RbsR is required for the complete RpoS-driven repression of succinate utilisation, suggesting a novel mechanism of RpoS regulation. Our discoveries shed light on the redundant regulatory systems that tightly regulate the utilisation of succinate. We speculate that the control of central carbon metabolism by multiple regulatory systems in Salmonella governs the infection niche-specific utilisation of succinate.
Before and after COVID-19: Changes in symptoms and diagnoses in 13,033 adults
Authors: Butler Mark J. , Chiuzan Codruta , Ahn Heejoon , Gao Michael , D’Angelo Stefani , Yeh Jackson , Davidson Karina
Published: March 2024

Background

Most patients with COVID-19 report experiencing one or more symptoms after acute infection subsides, known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Though research has examined PASC after acute COVID-19, few studies have examined PASC over a longer follow-up duration or accounted for rates of symptoms and diagnoses before COVID-19 infection, and included those not actively seeking treatment for PASC. To determine what symptoms and diagnoses are occurring at higher rates after acute COVID-19 infection from a more inclusive sample, we extracted electronic hospital records (EHR) data from 13,033 adults with previously known diagnoses and symptoms.

Methods

The sample was comprised of patients who had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, and follow-up was conducted through November 29, 2021. All patients in the sample had medical appointments ≥4 weeks before and ≥4 weeks after their positive PCR test. At these appointments, all ICD-10 codes recorded in the EHR were classified into 21 categories based on the literature and expert review. Conditional logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of these symptoms and diagnostic categories following COVID-19 infection relative to visits occurring before infection. The sample was comprised of 28.0% adults over 65 and was 57.0% female. After the positive PCR test, the most recorded diagnoses and symptoms were dyspnea and respiratory failure, myositis, musculoskeletal pain/stiffness, anxiety, and depression.

Results

Results from regression analyses showed increased odds of diagnosis for 15 of the 21 categories following positive PCR. Relative to pre-COVID, the diagnoses and symptoms with the greatest odds after a positive PCR test were loss of smell or taste [OR (95% CI) = 6.20 (3.18–12.09)], pulmonary fibrosis [3.50 (1.59–7.68)], and dyspnea/respiratory failure [2.14 (1.92–2.40)]. Stratification of these analyses by age, gender, race, and ethnicity showed similar results.

Conclusion

The increased symptoms and diagnoses detected in the current study match prior analyses of PASC diagnosis and treatment-seeking patients. The current research expands upon the literature by showing that these symptoms are more frequently detected following acute COVID-19 than before COVID-19. Further, our analyses provide a broad snapshot of the population as we were able to describe PASC among all patients who tested positive for COVID-19.
Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain affects balance in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
Authors: Hrvatin Ivana , Rugelj Darja , Šćepanović Darija
Published: March 2024

Introduction

During pregnancy, many changes in the musculoskeletal system and pregnancy-related disorders affect posture and postural stability. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is a common disorder in pregnancy; the cause remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine if PPGP affects static postural stability and its relation to the stage of pregnancy.

Methods

Sixty-three pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 and between the 12th and 38th weeks of gestation were included in the study. They were divided into four groups according on the trimester and the presence of PPGP. Static balance was assessed using a force plate on firm and compliant surfaces with eyes open and closed.

Results

Pregnant women with PPGP had significantly (p < 0.05) greater centre-of-pressure velocity and sway area compared to pregnant women without PPGP, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. In the second trimester, only two significant differences in COP parameters were observed between pregnant women with and without PPGP. Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy had significantly (p < 0.05) greater centre-of-pressure velocity and larger postural sway area compared to pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy, regardless of PPGP.

Discussion and conclusion

Pregnant women with PPGP had poorer static stability when compared to pregnant women without pain, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. The cause could be found in the poorer ability to stabilise the trunk and pelvis, poorer proprioception, and issues with automatic movement patterns.
Coordination of gaze and action during high-speed steering and obstacle avoidance
Authors: Powell Nathaniel V. , Marshall Xavier , Diaz Gabriel J. , Fajen Brett R.
Published: March 2024

When humans navigate through complex environments, they coordinate gaze and steering to sample the visual information needed to guide movement. Gaze and steering behavior have been extensively studied in the context of automobile driving along a winding road, leading to accounts of movement along well-defined paths over flat, obstacle-free surfaces. However, humans are also capable of visually guiding self-motion in environments that are cluttered with obstacles and lack an explicit path. An extreme example of such behavior occurs during first-person view drone racing, in which pilots maneuver at high speeds through a dense forest. In this study, we explored the gaze and steering behavior of skilled drone pilots. Subjects guided a simulated quadcopter along a racecourse embedded within a custom-designed forest-like virtual environment. The environment was viewed through a head-mounted display equipped with an eye tracker to record gaze behavior. In two experiments, subjects performed the task in multiple conditions that varied in terms of the presence of obstacles (trees), waypoints (hoops to fly through), and a path to follow. Subjects often looked in the general direction of things that they wanted to steer toward, but gaze fell on nearby objects and surfaces more often than on the actual path or hoops. Nevertheless, subjects were able to perform the task successfully, steering at high speeds while remaining on the path, passing through hoops, and avoiding collisions. In conditions that contained hoops, subjects adapted how they approached the most immediate hoop in anticipation of the position of the subsequent hoop. Taken together, these findings challenge existing models of steering that assume that steering is tightly coupled to where actors look. We consider the study’s broader implications as well as limitations, including the focus on a small sample of highly skilled subjects and inherent noise in measurement of gaze direction.
Assessment of network structure characteristics and factors of corporate flows in Guangdong Province
Authors: Chen Xuejiao , He Yong , Long Teng , Wang Junxiu , Chen Xueye
Published: March 2024

With the rapid development of the world city network, the traditional location theory has gradually been disproven, and the advantages of the flow space over the traditional vertical organizational structure are gradually being revealed. Therefore, from corporate branch networks and corporate investment networks, 21 cities in urban agglomerations of Guangdong are taken as case studies for this paper. Furthermore, in this paper, 5 representative types of corporate contact data (catering service, financial service, life service, sports and leisure and accommodation service) are selected, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to quantitatively analyze the network structure characteristics of urban agglomerations, and a spatial interaction model is constructed to explore the factors influencing. The results indicate that secondary networks have developed in Guangdong. The financial service network is the most complex, followed by the life services, sports and leisure and catering networks. The accommodation service network structure is the simplest. Among all kinds of networks, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have the highest status. The catering and accommodation corporations in Yangjiang in the west have a relatively major external development. Shantou in the east has many branches of various types, while most of the capital exchange in the region is concentrated in Heyuan and Qingyuan in the north. The coefficients of geographical proximity and the urban development level play a significant role in promoting the development of networks. However, administrative capacity limits the attractiveness of origin cities to a certain extent.
How professional and academic pre-qualifications relate to success in medical education: Results of a multicentre study in Germany
Authors: Schröpel Carla , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Wittenberg Tim , Schüttpelz-Brauns Katrin , Heinzmann Andrea , Keis Oliver , Listunova Lena , Kunz Kevin , Böckers Tobias , Herpertz Sabine C. , Zipfel Stephan , Erschens Rebecca
Published: March 2024

Objective

Every year, many applicants want to study medicine. Appropriate selection procedures are needed to identify suitable candidates for the demanding curriculum. Although research on medical school admissions has shown good predictive validity for cognitive selection methods (undergraduate GPA, aptitude tests), the literature on applicants with professional and/or academic experience prior to entering medical school remains slim. In our study, we therefore aimed to examine the association between academic success in medical school and having previously completed vocational training in the medical field, voluntary service (≥11 months) or an academic degree.

Methods

Data were collected in a multicentre, cross-sectional study at five medical schools in Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) from students during medical school (i.e. 3rd-, 6th-, and 10th-semester and final-year students). Academic success was assessed according to scores on the first and second state examinations, the total number of examinations repeated and the number of semesters beyond the standard period of study. For the analysis we calculated ordinal logistic regression models for each outcome variable of academic success.

Results

A total of N = 2,370 participants (response rate: RR = 47%) participated in the study. Having completed vocational training was associated with a higher amount of repeated examinations (small effect), while having an academic degree was associated with worse scores on the second state examination (medium effect). No significant association emerged between voluntary service and academic success.

Conclusion

The results indicate that professional and academic pre-qualifications pose no advantage for academic success. Possible associations with the financing of study and living conditions of students with pre-qualifications were analysed and discussed in an exploratory manner. However, the operationalisation of academic success from objective and cognitive data should be critically discussed, as the benefits of prior experience may be captured by personal qualities rather than examination results.
Investigating the association between blood metabolites and telomere length: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Chen
Published: March 2024

Background

Telomere length refers to the protective cap at the end of chromosomes, and it plays a crucial role in many diseases. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between blood metabolites and telomere length, aiming to identify novel biological factors that influence telomere length.

Methods

In this study, we extracted genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for blood metabolites from a sample of 7824 Europeans. Additionally, GWAS data for telomere length were obtained from the Open GWAS database (GWAS ID: ieu-b-4879). The primary analysis of this study utilized the random inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Complementary analyses were also conducted using the MR-Egger and weighted median approaches. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings. These included the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. To investigate the possibility of reverse causation, reverse MR analysis was conducted. Additionally, multivariable MR was utilized to evaluate the direct effect of metabolites on telomere length.

Results

The results suggested a potential association between 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, levulinate, and X-12712 and telomere length. MVMR analysis further showed that 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, and levulinate can directly influence telomere length, regardless of other metabolites.

Conclusions

This study suggests that 15-methylpalmitate, taurocholate, and levulinate are likely factors correlated with telomere length. These findings will contribute to the development of strategies for protecting telomeres, preventing related diseases, and establishing a new biological foundation for achieving healthy aging.
Exploring the needs and experiences of contact tracing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland
Authors: Fulham-McQuillan Hugh , O’Donovan Róisín , Buckley Claire M. , Crowley Philip , Gilmore Brynne , Martin Jennifer , McAuliffe Eilish , Martin Gregory , Moore Gemma , Morrissey Mary , Ní Shé Éidín , O’Hara Mary Clare , Sweeney Mary Rose , Wall Patrick , De Brún Aoife
Published: March 2024

Background

Contact tracing is a key component in controlling the spread of COVID-19, however little research has focused on learning from the experiences of contact tracing staff. Harnessing learning from those in this role can provide valuable insights into the process of contact tracing and how best to support staff in this crucial role.

Methods

Thematic analysis was used to analyse 47 semi-structured interviews conducted with contact tracing staff via telephone or Zoom at three time points in 2021: March, May and September-October.

Results

Six themes related to the contact tracing role were identified, including training, workforce culture, systems issues, motivation and support. While initially nervous in the role, participants were motivated to contribute to the pandemic response and believed the role provided them with valuable transferable skills. Participants described the training as having improved over time while desiring more proactive training. Sources of frustration included a perceived lack of opportunity for feedback and involvement in process changes, feelings of low autonomy, and a perception of high staff turnover. Participants expressed a need for improved communication of formal emotional supports. Increased managerial support and provision of opportunities for career advancement may contribute to increased motivation among staff.

Conclusions

These findings identify the experiences of contact tracing staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have important implications for the improvement of the contact tracing system. Recommendations based on learning from participants offer suggestions as to how best to support the needs of contact tracing staff during a pandemic response.
Source tracing and contagion measurement of carbon emission trading price fluctuation in China from the perspective of major emergencies
Authors: Wu Binhong , Wang Hongyu , Xie Bangsheng , Xie Zhizhong
Published: March 2024

Based on monthly economic data spanning from January 2015 to December 2022, we have established an analytical framework to examine the "Russia-Ukraine conflict—financial market pressure and energy market—China carbon emission trading prices." To achieve this objective, we developed indices for financial system pressure, the energy market, and investor sentiment, applying a mediation effects model to validate their transmission mechanisms. Subsequently, the TVP-SV-VAR model was employed to scrutinize the nonlinear impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the valuation of China’s carbon emission trading rights. This model integrates time-varying parameters (TVP) and stochastic volatility (SV), utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technology for parameter estimation. Finally, various wavelet analysis techniques, including continuous wavelet transform, cross-wavelet transform, and wavelet coherence spectrum, were applied to decompose time series data into distinct time-frequency scales, facilitating an analysis of the lead-lag relationships within each time series. The research outcomes provide crucial insights for safeguarding the interests of trading organizations, refining the structure of the carbon market, and mitigating systemic risks on a global scale.
Foreign direct investment and domestic innovation: Roles of absorptive capacity, quality of regulations and property rights
Authors: Rao Atif , Ali Muhammad , Smith Jason M.
Published: March 2024

Foreign Direct Investment is theoretically expected to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from the home country to the host country, however, the empirical evidence on the subject is mixed. Some studies have shown that, on one hand, as competition grows, the incentive to innovate reduces with the decrease in monopoly rents (Schumpeterian effect). On the other hand, market competition can also boost investments in R&D activities incentivized by incremental profits (Escape-Competition effect). Therefore, this study aims to explore which of these two effects dominates in the selected group of countries. This study also identifies the moderators of the relationship between FDI stock and domestic innovation. It examines the role of absorptive capacity, quality of regulations, and property rights protection in the innovative activities of the host countries. Generalized Method of Moments is used to estimate the parameters of the multivariate regression equation. The analysis is based on panel data consisting of 49 countries over 14 years. The results show that FDI has a negative relationship with domestic innovation, indicating the presence of the Schumpeterian effect. The extensions of the main models show that FDI positively affects domestic innovation in countries with higher absorptive capacity, the superior quality of regulation, and stronger protection of property rights. This study shows that the positive relationship between FDI and domestic innovation is conditional on the ability to absorb knowledge and quality of governance in the recipient countries.
New records of native and introduced fish species in a river basin of Western Ecuador, the Chocó-Darien Ecoregion, using DNA barcoding
Authors: Escobar Camacho Daniel , Barragán Karla S. , Guayasamin Juan M. , Gavilanes Gabriela , Encalada Andrea C.
Published: March 2024

DNA barcoding, based on mitochondrial markers, is widely applied in species identification and biodiversity studies. The aim of this study was to establish a barcoding reference database of fishes inhabiting the Cube River from Western Ecuador in the Chocó-Darien Global Ecoregion (CGE), a threatened ecoregion with high diversity and endemism, and evaluate the applicability of using barcoding for the identification of fish species. Barcode sequences were obtained from seven orders, 17 families, 23 genera and 26 species, which were validated through phylogenetic analysis, morphological measurements, and literature review. Our results showed that 43% of fish species in this region are endemic, confirmed the presence of known species in the area, and included the addition of three new records of native (Hoplias microlepis, Rhamdia guatemalensis and Sicydium salvini) and an introduced species (Xiphophorus maculatus) to Ecuador. In addition, eight species were barcoded for the first time. Species identification based on barcoding and morphology showed discrepancy with species lists from previous studies in the CGE, suggesting that the current baseline of western fishes of Ecuador is still incomplete. Because this study analyzed fishes from a relatively small basin (165 km2), more molecular-based studies focusing on fish are needed to achieve a robust sequence reference library of species inhabiting Western Ecuador. The new sequences of this study will be useful for future comparisons and biodiversity monitoring, supporting the application of barcoding tools for studying fish diversity in genetically unexplored regions and to develop well-informed conservation programs.
Factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients: A mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Vickers Niamh , Matthews Anne , Paul Gillian
Published: March 2024

Background

The multiple benefits associated with the provision of human milk exceed individual health outcomes, engendering substantial economic, societal and environmental domains. Human milk is the absolute, unparalleled source of nutrition for infants. Informal human milk sharing is a modernistic and rapidly progressing practice. No systematic review of the factors associated with this contemporary practice among donors and recipients of informal human milk sharing exists.

Aim

The aim of this review was to identify, evaluate, synthesize and integrate the evidence on the factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients.

Methods

A mixed methods systematic review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance utilizing a convergent integrated approach. The following databases were systematically searched: CINAHL, Scopus, Medline and Embase and Web of Science between inception to August 2023. A grey literature search was conducted using multiple techniques. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results

Twenty-four studies were included in this review. Ten integrated findings relating to the factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients were identified. The four integrated findings pertaining to donors included: altruistic motivation and value, resistance to commercialization and overcoming inaccessibility, uniting digital and personal connectedness and lack of awareness and acceptance of informal human milk sharing in healthcare settings. The six integrated findings relating to recipients included: maternal or infant factors, superiority and advantageous impact of breastmilk, human milk bank influences, digital connections and transparency, healthcare professional facilitation of informal human milk sharing, and professional and logistical implications.

Conclusion

This review highlighted a multitude of factors that motivate, facilitate and impede the practice of informal human milk sharing. Future research is required to explore these factors further within broader geographical locations to enhance the generalizability and rigor of the body of knowledge. Further studies should consider the exploration of the experiences and psychological impact of informal human milk sharing on donors and recipients. The provision of human milk to all infants is an imperative public health endeavor and thus positioning this as a key benchmark for research and practice is crucial.
Assessment of lymph node area coverage with total marrow irradiation and implementation of total marrow and lymphoid irradiation using automated deep learning-based segmentation
Authors: Choi Hyeon Seok , Kang Hyun-Cheol , Chie Eui Kyu , Shin Kyung Hwan , Chang Ji Hyun , Jang Bum-Sup
Published: March 2024

Background

Total marrow irradiation (TMI) and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) have the advantages. However, delineating target lesions according to TMI and TMLI plans is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, although the delineation of target lesions between TMI and TMLI differs, the clinical distinction is not clear, and the lymph node (LN) area coverage during TMI remains uncertain. Accordingly, this study calculates the LN area coverage according to the TMI plan. Further, a deep learning-based model for delineating LN areas is trained and evaluated.

Methods

Whole-body regional LN areas were manually contoured in patients treated according to a TMI plan. The dose coverage of the delineated LN areas in the TMI plan was estimated. To train the deep learning model for automatic segmentation, additional whole-body computed tomography data were obtained from other patients. The patients and data were divided into training/validation and test groups and models were developed using the “nnU-NET” framework. The trained models were evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall, and Hausdorff distance 95 (HD95). The time required to contour and trim predicted results manually using the deep learning model was measured and compared.

Results

The dose coverage for LN areas by TMI plan had V100% (the percentage of volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose), V95%, and V90% median values of 46.0%, 62.1%, and 73.5%, respectively. The lowest V100% values were identified in the inguinal (14.7%), external iliac (21.8%), and para-aortic (42.8%) LNs. The median values of DSC, precision, recall, and HD95 of the trained model were 0.79, 0.83, 0.76, and 2.63, respectively. The time for manual contouring and simply modified predicted contouring were statistically significantly different.

Conclusions

The dose coverage in the inguinal, external iliac, and para-aortic LN areas was suboptimal when treatment is administered according to the TMI plan. This research demonstrates that the automatic delineation of LN areas using deep learning can facilitate the implementation of TMLI.
Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among rural population in Haryana, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Senjam Suraj Singh , Manna Souvik , Goel Garima , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Ray Animesh , Gupta Yashdeep , Lomi Neiwete , Gupta Vivek , Vashist Praveen , Titiyal Jeewan Singh , Kashyap Nitin , Kumar Rajesh
Published: March 2024

Background

Conducting a study in rural pre-dominant areas will help to understand the penetration of the vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 health crisis. This study aimed to investigate vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among the rural adult population in India and to identify factors associated with vaccination coverage.

Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural population in one district of north India from January to February 2023. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed on the SurveyMonkey digital platform for interviewing the participants, which consisted of questions related to socio-demographic profile, health problems, vaccination status, types of vaccine, re-infection after vaccination, and functional difficulties. The data regarding infection with COVID-19 was collected based on self-reported positive testing for SARS-CoV 2 on RT-PCR.

Findings

A total of 3700 eligible individuals were enumerated for the survey, out of which 2954 (79.8%) were interviewed. The infection rate of past COVID-19 infection, based on self-report of testing positive, was 6.2% (95%CI: 5.3–7.1). Covishield vaccine was received by most participants (81.3%, 2380) followed by Covaxin (12.3%, 361) and Pfizer manufactured vaccine (0.03,1). The coverage for first, second, and booster doses of the vaccine was 98.2% (2902), 94.8% (2802), and 10.7% (315) respectively. The risk of reinfection at 12 months or more among participants with two doses of vaccine was 1.6% (46/2802, 95%CI: 1.2–2.1). The coverage among those with severe functional difficulties was lesser as compared to those with some or no difficulties.

Interpretation

Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 in rural Haryana, India is not dependent on factors like gender or occupation but is dependent on age and education. Although the full and partial vaccination coverage is high, the booster dose coverage is poor. In addition, the presence of severe disability was significantly associated with reduced vaccination coverage.
Changes in functioning and health during the first 6-months of the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with a spinal cord injury
Authors: Simpson Ethan , Miller William C. , Schmidt Julia , Borisoff Jaimie , Mortenson W. Ben
Published: March 2024

Study design

Single-cohort longitudinal survey design.

Objectives

To identify what ongoing impact the COVID-19 pandemic has on functioning and health in individuals with SCI. Using the ICF model as a guide, outcome measures were chosen to explore potential constructs and aspects of health and functioning which may have been affected by regulations.

Setting

Online, Canada.

Methods

Participants provided demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. They completed standardized online measures at three time points, each roughly one month apart (June, July, and August of 2020). The measures assessed mental health, resilience, boredom, social support, technology use, life space, and participation. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to identify longitudinal changes for each measure.

Results

We collected data from 21 participants with SCI (mean age 54 years, 12 male). We found a large effect size for participation (η2 = 0.20), which increased over time. We also found medium effect sizes in both anxiety (η2 = 0.12) and social network usage (η2 = 0.12). Anxiety decreased over time and social networking usage fluctuated slightly but with an increase from time point one to time point two.

Conclusion

The results indicate that individuals with spinal cord injury appear to be staying relatively stable during the pandemic with improvements in a few key aspects, such as potentially increased participation and decreased anxiety. The results also suggest that it is important to continue fostering ways for individuals with spinal cord injury to stay connected, engaged, and informed.
Evaluation of variability in performance and paw placement patterns by dogs completing the dog walk obstacle in an agility competition
Authors: DiMichele Juli K. , Pechette Markley Arielle , Shoben Abigail , Kieves Nina R.
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to describe paw placement patterns for canine athletes completing the dog walk obstacle during canine agility trials. It was hypothesized that dogs would demonstrate defined sets of paw placement patterns as they complete the dog walk obstacle and that those could be classified based on end contact behavior. Videos of 296 dogs attempting the dog walk obstacle at the 2021 UK Agility International (UKI) US Open were reviewed online. Data observed from video evaluation included front and rear limb paw placement across the dog walk and time to complete the obstacle. Results showed a high variability in obstacle performance. Mean time to complete the entire obstacle was 2.26 seconds (sd = 1.03). Mean and median completion times were qualitatively similar across all height classes. A slight majority of dogs hit the up ramp with their right foot first indicating running on their left lead (n = 185, 63%) with some variation observed between heights. Likewise, a slight majority (58%) of dogs hit the down ramp with their right front foot first (151/262). Given the high variation in completion times and paw placements, we could not identify clear patterns of dog walk performance. The large amount of variation observed with the dog walk obstacle suggests a need for future studies to employ alternative methods for objective gait analysis and to strategically select dogs to reflect the large variety in obstacle performance observed here.
New, simplified versus standard photodynamic therapy (PDT) regimen for superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC): A single-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled multicentre study
Authors: Christensen Eidi , Mørk Erik , Foss Olav Andreas , Mørk Cato , Kroon Susanne , Dotterud Lars Kåre , Helsing Per , Vatne Øystein , Skogvoll Eirik , Mjønes Patricia , Bachmann Ingeborg Margrethe
Published: March 2024

Background

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved and widely used treatment for low-risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC), comprising two sessions with an interval of 1 week. Simplification of the treatment course can be cost-effective, easier to organize, and cause less discomfort for the patients.

Methods and findings

We performed an investigator-initiated, single-blind, non-inferiority, randomized controlled multicentre study with the objective of investigating whether a simpler and more flexible PDT regimen was not >10% less effective than the standard double PDT in the treatment of primary, superficial, and nodular ≤2 mm-thick BCC and evaluate the cosmetic outcome. With a non-inferiority margin of 0.1 and an expected probability complete response of 0.85, 190 tumours were required in each group. Histologically verified BCCs from seven centres in Norway were randomly assigned (1:1) to either receive a new regimen of single PDT with one possible re-treatment of non-complete responding tumours, or the standard regimen. The primary endpoint was the number of tumours with complete response or treatment failure at 36 months of follow-up, assessed by investigators blinded to the treatment regimen. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed. The cosmetic outcome was recorded. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT-01482104, and EudraCT, 2011-004797-28.

A total of 402 BCCs in 246 patients were included; 209 tumours assigned to the new and 193 to the standard regimen. After 36 months, there were 61 treatment failures with the new and 34 failures with the standard regimen. Complete response rate was 69.5% in the new and 81.1% in the standard treatment group. The difference was 11.6% (upper 97.5% CI 20.3), i.e. > than the non-inferiority margin of 10%. Cosmetic outcomes were excellent or good in 92% and 89% following the new and standard regimens, respectively.

Conclusions

Single PDT with possible re-treatment of primary, superficial, and nodular ≤ 2-mm-thick BCC was significantly less effective than the approved standard double treatment. The cosmetic outcome was favorable and comparable between the two treatment groups.
A geotecnia na transição eco-digital das infraestruturas de transporte
Authors: Neves José , Moutinho João , Freire Ana Cristina , Paixão André , Monteiro Bernardo , Parente Manuel , Cristelo Nuno , Gomes Correia António
Published: March 2024

O artigo apresenta uma compilação de exemplos nacionais de investigação, desenvolvimento e inovação relacionados com a transição verde e a transformação digital no âmbito da geotecnia nos transportes e associados às terraplenagens, pavimentos e vias-férreas. No âmbito da transição verde, são apresentados exemplos de aplicação de materiais não convencionais e renováveis e de técnicas de estabilização baseadas na ativação alcalina de excedentes industriais. Em relação à transformação digital, são descritos desenvolvimentos com aplicação às terraplenagens, aos pavimentos rodoviários e à via-férrea (morfologia das partículas de agregado de balastro). Os exemplos apresentados no artigo demonstram a capacidade geotécnica que as empresas e as instituições do sistema científico e tecnológico em Portugal têm para o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas para a sustentabilidade e resiliência no setor das infraestruturas de transporte.
A Case Study on Countermeasures Improvement of Abnormal Motive Criminal in Multi-use Facility
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Na Ye Ji , Ahn Kye Won , Oh Hangil
Published: March 2024

The recent stabbing incident in South Korea is a Mudjima crime, which was called by media in 2003, that indiscriminately attacks an unspecified number of people and the Mudjima crime’s victim is unclear, increasing citizens' anxiety and fear. Due to the limitations of the expression “Mudjima”, the Korean National Police Agency has named it “Abnormal Motive Criminal” in 2022. As some studies, it were related to terrorism, it is necessary to consider matters based on this. Therefore, this study aims to compare and analyze domestic and international typical examples of the case and suggest additional considerations. To this purpose, first, we define Abnormal Motive Criminal based on previous studies and discuss its connection with terrorism. In addition, since the more people there are, the more damage they suffer, we would like to analyze countermeasures focusing on multi-use facilities from the perspective of CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). The results of this study can be used to prepare countermeasures for each stage of disaster management in preparation for the occurrence of Abnormal Motive Criminals in multi-use facilities.
Evidence of Geopolitical Risk and Economic Policy Uncertainty on Equity Prices in Emerging Markets
Authors: Chiang Thomas C. , Chen Pei-Ying
Published: March 2024

This paper presents evidence of the impact of changes in downside risk , economic policy uncertainty ( ), the geopolitical risk ( ) in six Asian equity markets while controlling for COVIDE-19. Applying the month data for the period of 1990.01– 2021.12 to Asian markets, evidence shows that national stock returns are negatively correlated with    and , suggesting that these risk/uncertainty factors harmfully affect stock markets. Evidence shows that a rise in U.S. geopolitical risk adversely spillovers to Asia stock markets. Spreads of COVID-19 damage local stock returns via interacting with changes in EPU and GPR. Purpose: Present evidence of COVIDE-19 and the impact of changes in downside risk , economic policy uncertainty ( ), the geopolitical risk ( ) with different forms of nonlinear specifications in six Asian equity markets. Design/methodology/approach: The rolling regression method is used to derive time-varying coefficients of investors’ response to changes of policy uncertainty, which is sensitive to react to other uncertainty variables. Findings: Evidence shows that national stock returns are negatively correlated with and , suggesting that these risk/uncertainty factors adversely affect local stock markets. In addition, the evidence shows that a rise in U.S. geopolitical risk ( ) can adversely spillover to domestic stock markets. A spillover effect is found from COVID_19 development. Research limitations/implications: The findings are based on data from six Asian markets. More data may be collected, which would expand the analysis to a broader coverage of the global market. Practical implications: Evidence suggests that in addition to the risk from financial markets, the geopolitical risk (GPR) and COVID-19 are important factors in determining whether a risk premium should be received. From a policymaker’s point of view, geopolitical stability is the foundation for maintaining financial market stability. Originality/value: This paper presents evidence on the time-varying behavior of investors’ response to In addition to  and the , the nonlinear components of  , U.S.  and interaction to COVID-19 have a harmful effect on national stock prices in Asian markets.
Academic Self-Concept Development for STEM College Students: An Analysis on Gender Difference
Authors: Conn Cameron , Cho Peter Y. , Cho Linda S
Published: March 2024

Using a nation-wide college student dataset, this study examines the gender disparities in academic self-concept for undergraduate students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors and investigates college experiences affecting academic self-concept in this population. Findings of the current study suggest that overall college satisfaction is the strongest positive predictor of academic self-concept for college students in STEM majors and that institutions and their members should strive to facilitate satisfactory and educationally meaningful college experiences for these students at the macro level. Also, faculty members and administrators in STEM majors should be aware of the importance of positive faculty support on students’ academic self-concept development and should continue trying to create an environment where students can experience more frequent and positive encounters with their faculty members. Lastly, our findings show that the effects of some college experiences on academic self-concept development for STEM students vary by student gender. The findings underscore the significance of the nature or type of college experiences and the corresponding gender inequity and suggest that STEM majors need to facilitate departmental environments where both male and female students can equivalently benefit from their college experiences not only for their academic development but also for other desired college outcomes.
Alternance Training Strategies Implementation Project in Professional Technical Secondary Education
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: March 2024

Vocational technical education is one of the fundamental pillars that governs the educational system, its strengthening is a task assumed by the Ministry of Education through the implementation of the National Vocational Technical Training Policy carried out by practice through the National Strategy for Vocational Technical Training (1). There are multiple challenges involved in carrying out actions to promote and generate instances of participation and decision-making that enable the involvement of all actors. To articulate the educational system and economic development In this sense, professional technical high schools with a specialty in early childhood care assume a strategic and preponderant role in the educational sector, since the young people who study the specialty put into practice what they have learned in classrooms and workshops, allowing them to effectively enter the world of work, access their professional practice and enter higher education. And, in most cases, be an agent of change at the family level to socioeconomically improve the reality of their homes. For this reason, Chile needs to have mid-level nursery care technicians who will allow it to address the challenges of its own development and its growing participation in the preschool care system, with demands of greater added value, dynamic and challenging. In this scenario, alternation training will not only strengthen the specific technical skills of the specialty, but also the capacity for innovation, entrepreneurship, teamwork, and a set of transversal skills that will prepare students to perform in multiple areas of education.