bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V Is for Vulnerability
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

The other evening, my cousin Jessica told me a story about her first
week at college. She was eating in the dining hall with a newly formed
group of friends, when someone alluded to the French philosopher
Descartes, pronouncing the name incorrectly.

“You mean Descartes [day-CAHRT]?” Jessica asked.

Her friend blushed. “Oh gosh, is that how you pronounce it? That's so embarrassing!”

“Why? Why should you know how to pronounce a name you've read but have never heard spoken?” Jessica responded.

This set in motion a conversation that rapidly grew to involve others at the

table—all of whom had had a similar experience of making an error in
front of their peers, cursing themselves for not knowing better, and
then feeling stupid for it.
Valentine’s Day Mindset
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

When my husband and I were dating, I told him that love was like a watercolor painting.

“Once it's ruined,” I said, “you can't fix it.”

I explained that one wrong stroke in a watercolor was tragic because, when applying pigment to white paper, you can't lighten what's already dark.

“And that's how relationships work,” I said.

But Jason was skeptical. Why wasn't love, he wondered, more like an oil painting? Why can't you rework a section of your relationship that isn't turning out so well, layering on the paint as thickly as needed, to make it more beautiful?
The Wallet Test
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

As a young man, my dad came upon a lost wallet with a very large sum of cash inside. 

“What did you do?” I asked. 

“I looked around for its owner for quite a while. But there was nobody in sight. So I took it to the Lost and Found.”

“But maybe the people at the Lost and Found took the money,” I
pointed out. “Maybe if you'd kept the money instead of returning the
wallet, you could have done something good with it.”

I was in elementary school when my dad told me this story, but I
already knew how easy it was to tell a little lie in order to get out of
trouble. I knew I'd once snuck into my mom's purse and swiped a $20
bill without permission. And I knew how easy it was to come up with
explanations for why, just this time, it was okay to not tell the truth.

“Well, maybe so,” my dad replied. “But not me. I knew I did the right thing.”`
What Matters
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

At a conference a few years ago, I met a sociologist who expressed anger about what she called the “grit message.”

“What's that?” I asked.

“Well, put it this way,” she said. “I happen to think poverty and inequality matter a heck of a lot more than grit.”

I thought for a moment. Then I said, “I see your point.”

Sociology is the study of society. Psychology is the study of the
individual. I can understand why a sociologist like her might be
exasperated by a psychologist like me.

She studies the forces outside the individual that shape destinies. I
study what goes on inside the individual—their mindsets, their skills,
their interests and goals—that do the same.
Work Smarter, Sooner
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

It took me a long time to learn the difference between working harder and working smarter.

Jason, my husband, also got pretty far in life on sheer work ethic.
Growing up, we'd powered through difficulty by staying up later, waking
up earlier, and bearing down on the problem at hand. Grinding became
part of our identities, a strength we were proud of and assumed could be
deployed in nearly any challenge.

But at some point, each of us discovered that working harder isn't always the solution.

In my freshman year of college, for instance, I nearly failed
neurobiology as a result of my tried-and-true “work harder” mentality.
I'd assumed that if I sat in the front row at lectures, took assiduous
notes, and then spent hours and hours rereading those notes, I was
nearly guaranteed an A.
Would You Rather
Authors: Duckworth Angela ,   Character Lab
Published: August 2021

Would you rather—

(a)   Be extremely lucky or
(b)   Be extremely smart

Good question, right? A question like this opens the door to a meaningful conversation.

Try it.

It's hard not to learn something about the other person—and about
yourself, too—with a would-you-rather question like this. You end up
talking about your values and your insecurities. You end up sharing
stories about what led you to become the person you are today.

Now consider a more superficial would-you-rather question:

Would you rather—

(a)   Drink Pepsi or
(b)   Drink Coke
GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN THE NORTHERN APENNINES, ITALY: MODERN ANALOGUES OF CARLIN-STYLE GOLD DEPOSITS
Authors: Sillitoe Richard H. , Brogi Andrea
Published: August 2021

Carlin-type gold deposits in northern Nevada are inferred to overlie concealed late Eocene plutons, which are increasingly thought to have provided magmatic input to the meteoric water-dominated fluids from which the gold was precipitated. The Larderello, Monte Amiata, and Latera geothermal systems in the Northern Apennines of southern Tuscany and northern Latium, central Italy, may represent Pliocene to present-day analogues because of their demonstrated association with subsurface plutons and jasperoid-hosted antimony-gold mineralization. The plutons, which at depths of >5–7 km remain at least partially molten, continue to supply heat and magmatic fluids to the meteoric water-dominated geothermal systems. Formerly mined antimony deposits of Pliocene or younger age are exposed on the peripheries of the CO2 ± H2S-emitting geothermal systems, and antimony sulfides are still actively precipitating. Stibnite and submicroscopic gold in disseminated pyrite, along with Au/Ag of <0.5 and anomalous As, Hg, Tl, and Ba values, accompanied jasperoid formation in the Northern Apennines systems. Carlin-type mineralization in northern Nevada and the antimony-gold mineralization in the Northern Apennines are hosted by permeable carbonate rocks, particularly stratabound breccias, where they are intersected by steep normal or oblique-slip faults and confined beneath tectonically emplaced hydrologic seals. The Northern Apennines antimony-gold mineralization formed at shallow, epithermal depths, like that recently recognized in the southern Carlin trend of northern Nevada. Although underexplored, the Northern Apennines gold prospects are unlikely to ever attain the giant status of the Carlin-type deposits in northern Nevada, probably because of lower magmatic fertility (ilmenite-series rather than magnetite-series magmatism) and host-rock receptivity (less reactive iron). Nevertheless, shallow carbonate-rock aquifers within high-temperature, intrusion-related geothermal systems, be they extinct or still active, may be prospective for Carlin-style gold deposits.
Pelatihan Keselamatan dan Keamanan Radiasi Pengion di RSUP Dr Kariadi Pada Masa Pandemi
Authors:   RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Ramantisan Sanggam , Pandaningrum Siti Akbari , Suwardi Suwardi , Syarifudin Syarifudin , Widyaningsih Dewi , Rustanto Rustanto , Kurniati Endah , Hidayat Saiful , M Anggoro Praja , Kurniawati Etty , M Wiwin Julita , Sakti Arisa Dwi , Kartutik Kartutik , Amali Nafisa Fitria , Meilinda Tina
Published: August 2021

Ionizing radiation safety in the medical field, referred to as radiation safety, is an action taken to protect patients, workers, community members, and the environment from the dangers of radiation. One of the efforts to achieve this is by increasing the qualifications of radiation workers in understanding and implementing radiation protection and safety through ionizing radiation safety and security training initiated by the Radiation Protection Officer (PPR) team at Dr. RSUP. Kariadi Semarang. During the current pandemic, implemented the training by modifying what was previously done using face-to-face and field practice into online delivery of material and making videos as a substitute for field practice. As a result, these activities can run well and smoothly. The impression from the training participants stated that this training was beneficial and should be done regularly. Keywords: training, ionizing radiation, radiation protection officer
Sistem Pemantauan Dosis (Dose Monitoring System) Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Radiologi Diagnostik dan Intervensional
Authors:   Instalasi Radiologi dan Kedokteran Nuklir, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, Amalia Tuti
Published: August 2021

X-ray-based medical imaging has become one of the most popular imaging modalities today. Computed tomography (CT) and interventional procedures can result in higher radiation exposure for patients compared to other radiographic examinations. There has been an increase in the effective dose of > 100 mSv from some procedures. Recent studies have shown that multiphase CT imaging and repeated imaging provide larger radiation doses in some patients. In considering the effective dose (E) for each patient, it is essential to note that the risk per Sv tends to be greater on average in pediatric patients than in adults. In addition, E can be used to describe the possible risk to the patient. Dose management is essential in monitoring and controlling patient doses. Consistent and systematic monitoring of radiation dose is needed to improve the quality of diagnostic and interventional radiology services. Dose monitoring activities include performance control, optimization of protocols used, corrective actions against non-standard practices, and raising awareness for radiation workers to minimize risks. The use of a dose monitoring system (Dose Monitoring System) responds to concerns about the radiation risk that comes from diagnostic imaging modalities, particularly Computed Tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy in interventional procedures. The dose monitoring system (Dose Monitoring System) has developed into a requirement in monitoring and controlling patient doses and is one of the applications of radiation safety culture that can improve diagnostic and interventional radiology services. Keywords: Computed tomography (CT), effective dose, interventional procedure
Zero Dose
Authors:   RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto, Prahardi R , Widikusumo Arundito
Published: August 2021

Ionizing radiation in the medical world has long been used, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. But the use of ionizing radiation, besides helping a lot in diagnosis and therapy, ionizing radiation is also hazardous for us. The effects of ionizing radiation on humans are divided into two types, namely stochastic effects, and non-stochastic (deterministic) effects. Of the two kinds of effects caused by ionizing radiation, the stochastic effect needs special attention. Because the dose-limiting parameter does not exist, how much radiation dose can cause the stochastic effect. We only have the principle that no matter how small the radiation that hits us, it will still impact us. The mechanism for this effect is either a direct effect or an indirect effect, or a newly discovered effect, namely the bystander effect, all of which lead to DNA damage. This DNA damage will cause various kinds of health problems for us. Keywords: Stochastic Effect, DNA Damage. Gene Mutation, Bystander Effect
Pengaruh latihan passing segitiga dan passing zig-zag untuk meningkatkan teknik passing pada ekstrakurikuler futsal SMA Negeri 2 Kendal
Authors: Wiranto Endri , Prastiwi Bertika Kusuma , Fahmi Donny Anhar
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is for background abilities Passing Triangle and Passing Zig-Zag futsal extracurricular in SMA Negeri 2 Kendal. This research is an experimental study with a two group pretest-posttest method. The subjects of this study are 15 students of SMA Negeri 2 Kendal in the 15-17 age category, the sample taken is using purposive sampling technique, the instruments used in this study were wall passing, accuracy. The results of the research on the effect of the soccer resistance test training to improve the passing conditions of extracurricular students at SMA Negeri 2 Kendal during the football test had an increase as indicated by the value of Sig. (0.001) <? (0.05) which means that H0 is rejected. So there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest in the practice of the football test in terms of increasing the accuracy of triangular passing and zigzag passing in the futsal ball extracurricular students of SMA Negeri 2 Kendal so that there is an effect of passing practice on increasing the accuracy of triangular passing and zigzag passing on extracurricular students of SMA Negeri 2 Kendal. The conclusions and suggestions from the results of this study can be used as a benchmark in compiling training programs.
Keywords: Training Methods, triangle passing, zigzag passing and futsal
Informe: Situación del reconocimiento jurídico de los derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, las comunidades locales y los Pueblos Afrodescendientes al carbono almacenado en las tierras y los bosques tropicales
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative,   McGill University
Published: August 2021

En este estudio se analiza la situación del reconocimiento jurídico de los derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas, las comunidades locales y los Pueblos Afrodescendientes de 31 países de África, Asia y América Latina al carbono almacenado en sus tierras y territorios. Conjuntamente, estos países albergan casi el 70% de los bosques tropicales del mundo, representan al menos el 62% del potencial total de las soluciones climáticas naturales viables y, por lo tanto, la mayor parte de las oportunidades basadas en la naturaleza para la reducción de emisiones y la compensación del carbono en los países con bosques tropicales o subtropicales.
Fulminant Pyoderma Gangrenosum After Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Bates Taylor , Sheean Andrew J. , Kao Erica , Bandino Justin P. , Lynch Thomas B. , Lybeck Dustin
Published: August 2021

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an immunologic, ulcerative cutaneous condition often associated with systemic disease and frequently precipitated by trauma. It is noninfectious, but the inflammatory assault can resemble a malignant infection such as necrotizing fasciitis. Despite its clinical resemblance to infection, surgical débridement worsens the condition and may remove morphologic clues to the true disease, thus creating a vicious cycle of surgical débridements and disease progression. Furthermore, diagnostic histopathologic and laboratory features are nonspecific, requiring exclusion of other processes. Therefore, appropriate nonsurgical treatment and immunosuppression are commonly delayed, often at a significant cost to the patient. We present a case of pyoderma gangrenosum occurring after outpatient knee arthroscopy that masqueraded as a postsurgical infection. We discuss the diagnostic approach and how a complex reconstruction involving cartilage restoration and soft-tissue coverage was achieved.
Factors Underlying Current Saudi EFL Teachers’ Approaches to Teaching the Four Macro and Micro Language Skills
Authors: Al-Seghayer Khalid
Published: August 2021

A close examination of the underlying pedagogical and related factors that shape and direct English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ instructional approaches and behaviors highlights the impossibility of teaching the core and language skills and language-related areas effectively when using the current outdated techniques. The purpose of this article is to orient the reader and succinctly identify the key factors underlying current Saudi EFL teachers’ approaches to teaching the four macro and micro language skills. It delineates the various factors that influence the current EFL teaching process in the Saudi English education system, along with briefly sketching Saudi EFL teachers’ approaches to teaching each language skill. To this end, this discussion contributes to increasing consciousness of factors that affect the actual pedagogy of EFL teachers in Saudi EFL classrooms and perhaps to encouraging Saudi EFL teachers to exert their effectiveness in Saudi EFL classrooms and strive for better performance.
The effect of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Amanat Sasan , Ashkar Fatemeh , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Tanideh Nader , Doaei Saeid , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Koohpeyma Farhad , Mokhtari Maral
Published: August 2021

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. Methods: PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. Results: Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters (all p<0.05).
Exploring and explaining participation in local opposition: brown coal mining in Horní Jiřetín
Authors: Černoch Filip , Lehotský Lukáš , Ocelík Petr , Osička Jan
Published: August 2021

This book summarizes a three-year research project on local opposition to coal mining in the Northwestern part of the Czech Republic. The research focused on the relational dimensions of the opposition movement and the political context in which the movement operates.
What’s Consent Got to Do with It?
Authors: J. Brison Susan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2021

What are we doing when we see rape as nonconsensual sex? What does this prevent us from seeing—and doing? On my account, the harm of rape—to the victim and to others—is not adequately captured by calling it “sex without consent.” If we want, first, to understand how rape harms its direct and its indirect victims and, second, to eradicate rape, or at least change the culture so that rape is less prevalent, the question “Did she consent to his doing this to her on that occasion?” may not be the most important question, or even a very helpful question, to ask, and focusing on it exclusively may be counterproductive. Defining rape as «sex without consent» or «nonconsensual sex» is, I argue, not only politically ineffective as an anti-rape strategy. It also constitutes an epistemic injustice against rape survivors who attempt to bear witness to the politically significant incessant and ubiquitous occurrence of male gender-based violence against women, which is something much larger than any one thing that was done to any one of them without their consent.
Risk of Cancer-Specific Death for Patients Diagnosed With Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Hallet Julie , Law Calvin , Singh Simron , Mahar Alyson , Myrehaug Sten , Zuk Victoria , Zhao Haoyu , Chan Wing , Assal Angela , Coburn Natalie
Published: August 2021

Background: Although patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are known to have prolonged overall survival, the contribution of cancer-specific and noncancer deaths is undefined. This study examined cancer-specific and noncancer death after NET diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients with NETs from 2001 through 2015. Using competing risks methods, we estimated the cumulative incidence of cancer-specific and noncancer death and stratified by primary NET site and metastatic status. Subdistribution hazard models examined prognostic factors. Results: Among 8,607 included patients, median follow-up was 42 months (interquartile range, 17–82). Risk of cancer-specific death was higher than that of noncancer death, at 27.3% (95% CI, 26.3%–28.4%) and 5.6% (95% CI, 5.1%–6.1%), respectively, at 5 years. Cancer-specific deaths largely exceeded noncancer deaths in synchronous and metachronous metastatic NETs. Patterns varied by primary tumor site, with highest risks of cancer-specific death in bronchopulmonary and pancreatic NETs. For nonmetastatic gastric, small intestine, colonic, and rectal NETs, the risk of noncancer death exceeded that of cancer-specific deaths. Advancing age, higher material deprivation, and metastases were independently associated with higher hazards, and female sex and high comorbidity burden with lower hazards of cancer-specific death. Conclusions: Among all NETs, the risk of dying of cancer was higher than that of dying of other causes. Heterogeneity exists by primary NET site. Some patients with nonmetastatic NETs are more likely to die of noncancer causes than of cancer causes. This information is important for counseling, decision-making, and design of future trials. Cancer-specific mortality should be included in outcomes when assessing treatment strategies.
Clinicopathologic Features, Treatment Response, and Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Related Esophagitis
Authors: Panneerselvam Kavea , Amin Rajan N. , Wei Dongguang , Tan Dongfeng , Lum Phillip J. , Zhang Hao Chi , Richards David M. , Altan Mehmet , Grivas Petros , Thompson John A. , Thomas Anusha S. , Wang Yinghong
Published: August 2021

Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided practice-changing outcomes in treating many cancers, ICI-related gastrointestinal toxicity can limit their use. Upper gastrointestinal toxicity is not common nor as well described as lower gastrointestinal toxicity. We aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, endoscopic and histologic features, treatment response, and outcomes of ICI-related esophagitis. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in whom esophagitis developed after receiving ICIs from June 2011 through January 2020. We included patients with endoscopic evidence of esophagitis and excluded those with other obvious causes of esophagitis. A chi-square test was used to assess associations between categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences between continuous variables. Results: Of 657 consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) during or within 6 months of completing ICI-based therapy, 21 (3%) had esophagitis deemed to be from ICIs. Of these patients, 1 (5%) received an inhibitor of CTLA-4 alone, 15 (71%) received anti–PD-1 or PD-L1 monotherapy, and 5 (24%) received a combination of these. Median time from ICI initiation to onset of esophagitis was 4 months. Upon evaluation with EGD, only 3 patients (14%) had isolated esophageal involvement; 18 (86%) had concurrent involvement of the stomach, duodenum, or both. Most patients (67%) were treated with proton pump inhibitors, and 4 (19%) received steroids (prednisone or budesonide). The mortality rate was 38% (median follow-up, 15 months). Conclusions: Esophagitis associated with ICI use is rare. The diagnosis is one of exclusion because its clinical presentation appears similar to that of inflammation resulting from other causes. It often occurs in conjunction with other upper gastrointestinal toxicity. Symptoms are mild and respond well to nonimmunosuppressive treatment, with few severe complications.
Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma), Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Balis Frank , Green Daniel M. , Anderson Clarke , Cook Shelly , Dhillon Jasreman , Gow Kenneth , Hiniker Susan , Jasty-Rao Rama , Lin Chi , Lovvorn Harold , MacEwan Iain , Martinez-Agosto Julian , Mullen Elizabeth , Murphy Erin S. , Ranalli Mark , Rhee Daniel , Rokitka Denise , Tracy Elisabeth (Lisa) , Vern-Gross Tamara , Walsh Michael F. , Walz Amy , Wickiser Jonathan , Zapala Matthew , Berardi Ryan A. , Hughes Miranda
Published: August 2021

The NCCN Guidelines for Wilms Tumor focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and management of Wilms tumor (WT, also known as nephroblastoma). WT is the most common primary renal tumor in children. Five-year survival is more than 90% for children with all stages of favorable histology WT who receive appropriate treatment. All patients with WT should be managed by a multidisciplinary team with experience in managing renal tumors; consulting a pediatric oncologist is strongly encouraged. Treatment of WT includes surgery, neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT) if needed. Careful use of available therapies is necessary to maximize cure and minimize long-term toxicities. This article discusses the NCCN Guidelines recommendations for favorable histology WT.
Pancreatic Cancer Progression in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome Receiving Immunotherapy: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Wang Yifan , Cuggia Adeline , Pacis Alain , Boileau Jean-Christian , Marcus Victoria A. , Gao Zu-Hua , Chong George , Foulkes William D. , Zogopoulos George
Published: August 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) respond preferentially to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, a subset of MMRd PDACs does not respond to these agents. This report describes a patient with PDAC who experienced rapid disease progression suggestive of hyperprogressive disease. The case involved a 63-year-old man carrying a pathogenic germline PMS2 mutation who developed metastatic PDAC. His tumor showed isolated loss of PMS2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). He was treated with pembrolizumab, but his disease rapidly progressed. Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of a liver metastasis biopsy, acquired at disease progression, showed a retained wild-type PMS2 allele and hallmarks of microsatellite stability, including low tumor mutational burden and low MSIsensor score. PCR-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing of the treatment-naïve tumor showed microsatellite stability. The ICI-treated tumor had a lower density of CD8+ T-cell infiltration than the treatment-naïve tumor, which is contrary to the expected evolution with ICI responsiveness. Through this case and a review of the literature, we highlight the low penetrance of PMS2 germline mutations in PDAC and discuss pitfalls in ascertaining MMRd and MSI based on IHC testing alone. An orthogonal confirmatory assay is warranted in the presence of uncommon immunophenotypes, such as isolated PMS2 loss, to optimize selection of patients with PDAC for immunotherapy.
Professional Counselors’ Experiences Counseling and Working in Areas Repeatedly Impacted by Hurricanes
Authors: Krennerich Sarah , Haiyasoso Maria , Flasch Paulina S.
Published: August 2021

Previous research on professional counselors’ lived experiences of disaster counseling has focused mainly on single disasters. Researchers have identified a need to explore further the phenomenon of post-disaster counseling and shared trauma between counselors and clients. In this article, the authors sought to answer the following research question: What are the lived experiences of professional counselors who live and facilitate post-disaster counseling in areas repeatedly affected by hurricanes along the Texas Gulf Coast? The authors describe their phenomenological study of licensed professional counselors (n = 6) who lived and worked in areas repeatedly impacted by hurricanes along the Texas Gulf Coast. Implications for counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors are provided.
ADVOCATE: A Legislative Advocacy Model for Counseling Students
Authors: Schuster Jacquelyn E. , Rocha Lauren , Sevillano Angie , Green-Johnson Felicia , Gerlach Jennifer
Published: August 2021

In the classroom, master’s students learn that advocacy is a central component of the counseling profession and counselor identity, whereas doctoral students train to be advocacy leaders. While counselor educators often infuse advocacy into the classroom through assignments and use current advocacy models present in the literature, we found a need for a practical model specifically for legislative advocacy to implement with counseling graduate students outside of the classroom. The authors pulled from their collective experience of meeting with state legislators at the state Capitol to create the ADVOCATE Model, a practical, step-by-step guide to legislative advocacy. The authors share the details of their model and discuss implications and recommendations for counselor educators and students.
Mass distribution and generation of elementary fermions
Authors: Mi Li-Gong , Xie Quan , Zhang Li , Wu Zhong-Zu ,   College of Big Data and Information Engineering, College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the mass distribution of elementary fermions and find a set of empirical relations to describe the mass distribution of elementary fermions. This inspires us to investigate in depth the origin of elementary fermion mass hierarchies and generations. We present a theoretical model to explain why the elementary fermions have three generations and discuss the origin of the fundamental fermion mass hierarchies and spin.
Influence of cavity configuration parameters on discharge characteristics of capillary discharge based pulsed plasma thruster
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Ren Lin-Yuan , Ding Wei-Dong , Sun An-Bang , Geng Jin-Yue ,   State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, China
Published: August 2021

Capillary discharge based pulsed plasma thrusters have great prospects of applications in in-orbit maneuvering of micro-nano satellites. In this paper, the influence of different capillary cavity structure parameters on the thruster's energy deposition process, ablation characteristics, output thrust parameters and plasma plume parameters under an energy level of 5 J were studied. The experimental results indicate that the increase of the inner diameter of the capillary cavity will significantly reduce the discharge current density, which leads the deposition energy and equivalent power to decrease; the increase of the cavity length helps to improve the energy transfer efficiency. The influence of cavity structure on the ablation characteristics is reflected in the influence of deposition energy per unit area on the tube wall temperature. When the inner diameter of the capillary increases from 1 mm to 3 mm, the ablation mass decreases significantly, and then the equivalent ablation mass remains approximately unchanged as the inner diameter of the cavity increases further; the ablation mass continues to increase as the capillary length increases, while the ablation mass per unit area continues to decrease. The impulse bit depends on the ablation mass and plasma plume velocity, and the difference in ablation characteristic further affects the plasma in the cavity. The density and equivalent pressure determine the plasma electrothermal acceleration process. The continuous increase in the diameter and length of the capillary cavity will induce the acceleration process to lag behind the discharge and ablation process. And the decrease of the deposited energy impedes the electrothermal acceleration process, which results in the decrease of the impulse bit, specific impulse, and the overall efficiency. Furthermore, the overall efficiency transfer model analysis indicates the influence of the capillary inner diameter on thruster efficiency is mainly reflected in the energy transfer efficiency, and the capillary length change mainly affects the electrothermal acceleration efficiency. The overall efficiency optimization of the thruster needs to start from increasing both energy deposition efficiency and acceleration efficiency.
Color image encryption algorithm based on DNA code and alternating quantum random walk
Authors: Wang Yi-Nuo , Song Zhao-Yang , Ma Yu-Lin , Hua Nan , Ma Hong-Yang ,   School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China,   School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
Published: August 2021

In recent years, image encryption technology has attracted much attention. As people pay more attention to communication privacy and network security, the requirements for information encryption technology are more stringent. As one of the information carriers, images are valuable for carrying the effectiveness and vividness of the information. This paper proposes a color image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding and alternating quantum random walk. Quantum random walk is an excellent cryptographic tool that participates in all parts of the algorithm process, and DNA encoding is used as the core encryption method to complete the algorithm. This article describes the encryption and decryption process in detail, and conducts simulation experiments to verify and analyze the results of the proposed algorithm. In the simulation stage, we design the simulation key parameters, encode the color image encryption and decryption experiments, and carry out related analysis. The experimental results show that the color image encryption algorithm proposed in this paper can perform safe and effective color image encryption. The correlation analysis shows that the image histogram after encryption is stable, the pixel correlation coefficient approaches 0, and the key space is \begin{document}${2^{ 128 }} $\end{document}, the three-channel information entropy reaches more than 7.997, which can resist statistical attacks, brute force attacks and other attack methods. In addition, DNA coding has unique biological characteristics in addition to the novel coding and calculation methods, which provide new ideas and directions for cryptographic research.
A molecular phylogeny of the Chinese Sinopoda spiders (Sparassidae, Heteropodinae): implications for taxonomy
Authors: Zhang He , Zhong Yang , Zhu Yang , Agnarsson Ingi , Liu Jie
Published: August 2021

Sinopoda spiders are a diverse group with limited dispersal ability. They are remarkably sympatric among related species, which often results in misidentification and incorrect matching of sexes. In order to understand the evolutionary relationships and revise the taxonomy problems in this genus, we offer the first molecular phylogeny of Sinopoda. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Sinopoda and its sister relationship with Spariolenus and reject the monophyly of the S. okinawana species group. We establish three new species groups based on both molecular and morphological data. Our phylogeny also illuminates some taxonomic issues and clarifies some species limits: (1) Supporting the newly revised matching of sexes in S. longiducta and S. yaanensis by Zhong et al. (2019). (2) The original description of S. campanacea was based on mismatched sexes. S. changde is proposed as a junior synonymy of S. campanacea, while the original female ‘S. campanacea’ is here described as a new species: S. papilionaceous Liu sp. nov. (3) The type series of S. serpentembolus contains mismatched sexes. The female is considered as S. campanacea, while we here report the correctly matched females of S. serpentembolus. (4) We describe one additional new species: S. wuyiensis Liu sp. nov. Our first molecular phylogeny of Sinopoda provides a tool for comparative analyses and a solid base for the future biodiversity and taxonomic work on the genus.
Critical Aspects of 5G Technology- A Study on the Drivers, Technology Enhancement, Performance, and Spectrum Usage
Authors: Kathavate Akash R. , Priya Bhanu , Hegde Rajeshwari , Kumar Sharath
Published: August 2021

Pursuit for a new feasible technology has always been the main intention of every telecom company to satisfy the dire needs of the increasing demand for higher data rates and uninterrupted communication. The Fourth Generation (4G) network deployed presently works on an All-IP Network architecture providing features like low latency and high data rates. Owing to many user applications which make use of constant internet connection and high data rate, 5G was launched. Keeping in line with current trends, user preferences, and requirements, technology standards have evolved from 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G. Thus, 5G mobile technology makes use of Flat-IP Network architecture which fulfills the need for high data rates and ultra low latency thus providing overall latency. Thus, this paper intends to discuss the various performance parameters, necessities, evolutionary enhancements, the shift in the architecture and protocols involved from 4G to 5G to achieve a full real wireless world, and also about the spectrum management and challenges.
A Window to the Curriculum: Elementary Social Studies Curriculum in the Zenith of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Gil Tyrone Jr. O.
Published: August 2021

The educational landscape was disturbed by the sudden spread of the COVID-19. Alterations of curriculum transaction were coming up face to face interaction with students were no longer possible so as to address the need of the students’ online classes were implemented while schools are closed. The social studies curriculum as a core subject in the basic education curriculum that leads to the development of civic competence among young learners was also abridged to fit for flexible learning while sustaining its learning standards. The implementation of the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) to guide for teachers served as the emergency curriculum for the school year during the brink of the pandemic. The social studies emergency curriculum featured condensed learning competencies, flexible learning time, and personalized learning experiences. However, with learning events happening inside learners' respective homes, learned knowledge and skills in social studies are ephemeral, and the authenticity of learner’s work is open for skepticism.
Aerosol Optical Depths during Two Harmattan Seasons in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Obisesan Omodara E.
Published: August 2021

Aim: To quantify the atmospheric aerosol loading in order to predict the severity and accompanying consequences of aerosols at a tropical location in Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between November 2017 and March 2019.

Methodology: Daily measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at about the local noon (12:30 pm–1:30 pm) for two consecutive Harmattan seasons (November 2017–March 2018; and November 2018 – March 2019) were carried out at three different wavelengths, 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm using a manually operated hand-held sun photometer (model Calitoo).

Results: The mean values of AOD were 0.98, 0.87 and 0.83 in the 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm wavelengths respectively for November 2017 – March 2018; and 0.94, 0.83 and 0.78 in the 465 nm, 540 nm and 619 nm wavelengths respectively for November 2018 – March 2019. The values assume high levels of haziness at the study location. Intense Harmattan dust storm was experienced on some typical days with AOD values > 2. The resulting elevated level of atmospheric haziness led to visibility deterioration and visibility values greatly reduced to 1 km on such days. December, January and February months were the peak of the Harmattan. The distribution of the particle size indicated that the dominated aerosol is the coarse mode Harmattan dust during the period of study.

Conclusion: The study location experiences a polluted atmosphere during the Harmattan season.
Influence of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation on Fruit Yield and Water Productivity of Cucumber under Naturally Ventilated Poly House
Authors: Padmaja S. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Umadevi M. , Hussain S. A. , Nirmala A.
Published: August 2021

The experiment on cucumber was conducted in naturally ventilated polyhouse at Horticulture garden, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2020-2021. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 12 treatments consist of three irrigation regimes viz.,drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 Epan (I1), 1.0 Epan (I2) and 1.2 Epan (I3) as main plots and four NK fertigation levels of 75% recommended dose of NK (F1- N112.5 K75), 100% recommended dose of NK (F2- N150 K100), 125% recommended dose of NK (F3- N187.5 K125) and 150% recommended dose of NK (F4- N225 K150) as sub plot and replicated thrice. yield attributes were significantly higher in irrigation scheduled at 1.2 Epan than 1.0 and 0.8 Epan. Fruit yield was significantly higher in drip irrigation scheduled at 1.2 Epan (83.90 t ha-1) than 1.0 Epan (68.80 t ha-1) and 0.8 Epan (59.50 t ha-1). Yield attributes were significantly higher at 150% recommended dose of NK than 75% recommended dose of NK. Fruit yield was significantly higher at 150 % recommended dose of NK (76.70 t ha-1) than 75% recommended dose of NK (60.30 t ha-1) and onpar with both 125% and 100% recommended dose of NK. Water use efficiency was higher in drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 Epan (28.6 kg m-3) followed by 1.2 Epan (27.2 kg m-3) and 1.0 Epan (26.6 kg m-3). 150 % recommended dose of NK registered significantly higher water use efficiency (30.1 kg m-3) than 75% recommended dose of NK (23.5 kg m-3). It was recommended that application of 1.2 Epan irrigation and 150 kg N, 100 kg K2O ha-1 by fertigation for maximization of yield.
Anti-Ulcer Activities of Methanolic Extract of Musa Paradisiaca
Authors: Aziakpono Omoirri Moses , Ofili Chukwuemeka Charles , Chisom Mbata Uchenna , Johnson Uyovwiesevwa Ataihire , John Olusola Ayobami , Sylvanus Mbata Chinedu , Ogbonnaya Mba , Chizoba Nwosu Gloria , Harrison Orji Uchechukwu
Published: August 2021

Musa paradisiaca (plantain peel) is useful in prevention and control of numerous health problems in Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine. The anti-ulcer activity and effects of varied dosages of its methanolic extract on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in this study. Fifteen (15) Wistar rats of 150 and 200 g were deprived of food for 24 hours; then divided into five groups (Groups I through V) of three rats each; while group I (control) received 5ml/kg of distilled water, groups II, III and IV received 100 mg/kg of indomethacin (ulceric), 5mg/kg of omeprazole (after inducing ulcer), and 200 mg/kg of M. paradisiaca respectively. After inducing ulcers with indomethacin, Group V animals were fed (orally) with 400mg/kg of extract. Oral administration of ethanol injured the mucosal lining, resulting in gastrointestinal bleeding with ulcer indexes of 13.30, 10.57, 10.62, and 9.01 in groups II to V respectively, after some time of administration of test substances. In addition, the test statistic (using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc) on the Omeprazole and 400mg/kg extract treated groups showed a substantial protection of 8.60% and 21.27 % respectively; whereas, the Omeprazole and 400mg/kg extract treated groups had a substantial protection of 8.60% and 21.27%, respectively. Between the omeprazole, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of extract treated groups, there was a statistically insignificant increase (p 0.05) in gastro-protective activity. However, gastro-protective effect was statistically significant (p 0.05) at larger doses of the extract. The ulcer index decreased significantly (p 0.05) between the negative control and treatment groups, according to the findings. However, with 400mg/kg body weight of the extract, the percentage gastro-protective action was higher than in the omeprazole-treated group. We advocate using a similar extract on other platforms to back up this study's efforts.
Analysis between Cigarette and Shisha Smokers for Early Atherogenesis: A Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Iqbal Danish , Burhan Izhar Wasif , Choudhary Ranjay Kumar , Alaidarous Mohammed , Alshehri Bader Mohammed , Banawas Saeed , Mir Shabir Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Aims: Tobacco smoking is a major health issue in Saudi Arabia, particularly among the student population. Smoking is one of the major risk factors in the genesis of coronary atherosclerosis and the development of coronary heart disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette and shisha smoking on atherogenic indexes, lipid profile and hematological parameters of undergraduate smokers at Majmaah University.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020, at the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, enrolling 100 undergraduate students (35 cigarette smokers, 30 shisha smokers, 35 non-smokers). The subjects were asked to fast overnight and early morning blood samples were collected and analyzed to measure lipid parameters, complete blood cell count and LDH. Lipid parameters were used to calculate lipid indexes and atherogenic indexes.

Results: Compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers had significantly higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, but significantly lower levels of HDL-C. The values of comprehensive lipid indexes, including non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, atherogenic index (AI), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were all significantly higher in cigarette and shisha smokers. Hematological parameters were found to be within normal reference range, however when compared with non-smokers, cigarette and shisha smokers has significantly higher values of complete blood cell count, except for lymphocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) which were significantly lower. LDH was also found to be elevated in cigarette and shisha smokers.

Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that, both cigarette and shisha smokers have abnormal lipid profile suggesting dyslipidemia. Prediction of early atherosclerosis through the atherogenic indexes was observed to be significantly higher in shisha smokers than in cigarette smokers. Therefore, shisha smoking has more adverse effects on the health status of adult smokers. This study adds to the accumulating evidence on the harmful effects of shisha smoking, which is a growing epidemic among young smokers, and calls for the awareness of the possible consequences of developing early atherogenesis.