bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Temperature‐Responsive Thermochromic Hydrogels With Adjustable Light Transmission Interval for Smart Windows
Authors: Wang Wenyi , Wang Kai , Cheng Yan , Wu Che , Wu Ruizi , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun
Published: October 2024

Thermochromic smart windows have been widely developed for solar regulation to save building energy. However, most current smart windows still exhibit a single responsiveness to a specific temperature, which is not conducive to daytime energy saving or nighttime privacy protection. Herein, a low‐temperature response is achieved by pre‐initiation of the monomer acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) in the synthesis of P(AAm‐co‐AA). Then, N‐isopropyl acrylamide and AAm are introduced into P(AAm‐co‐AA) to form a pre‐polymerized precursor solution. The liquid precursor solution can be encapsulated within two quartz glasses and synthesized in situ to prepare smart windows, which exhibit a high visible light transmittance of 84.4%, excellent solar modulation of 69.5%, and bidirectional temperature responsiveness (cold and hot). In addition, the upper critical solution temperature and the lower critical solution temperature of the hydrogel and the light transmission interval between the two temperatures can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different climates and individual user needs. The designed smart window maintains a high light transmission within the human body's comfort temperature range. The bidirectional temperature response window achieves the dual functions of energy saving and privacy protection, making it an ideal smart window candidate with good prospects for practical applications.
Design and Improvement of Bone Adhesive in response to Clinical Needs
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Sha Dongyong , Zhao Lingfei , Zhou Chuanwei , Sun Lili , Liu Changsheng , Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2024

Fracture represents one of the most common diagnoses in contemporary medical practice, with the majority of cases traditionally addressed through metallic device fixation. However, this approach is marred by several drawbacks, including prolonged operative durations, considerable expenses, suboptimal applicability to comminuted fractures, increased infection risks, and the inevitable requirement for secondary surgery. The inherent advantages of bone adhesives in these fields have garnered the attention of orthopedic surgeons, who have commenced utilizing biocompatible and biodegradable bone adhesives to bond and stabilize bone fragments. Regrettably, the current bone adhesives generally exhibit insufficient adhesive strength in vivo environments, and it is desirable for them to possess effective osteogenesis to facilitate fracture healing. Consequently, aligning bone adhesives with practical clinical demands remains a significant hurdle, which has catalyzed a surge in research endeavors. Within this review, the conceptual framework, characteristics, and design ideas of bone adhesives based on clinical needs are delineated. Recent advancements in this domain, specifically focusing on the enhancement of two pivotal characteristics—adhesive strength and osteogenic potential are also reviewed. Finally, a prospective analysis of the future advancements in bone adhesives, offering new insights into solutions for diverse clinical problems is presented.
Designing Tb3+‐Sensitized Silica‐Nanoparticles‐Aided Eu3+‐Doped Sr2SiO4 Phosphors with Enhanced Luminescence for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Mayavan Abinaya , Ganesamurthi Jaysiva , Balaji Ramachandran , Kumar Santosh , Srither Satturappan Ravisekaran
Published: October 2024

Silica‐nanoparticles‐assisted Eu3+‐doped Sr2SiO4 and Tb3+‐ and Eu3+‐co‐doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors, as potential phosphors for anti‐counterfeiting application are synthesized via a solid‐state reaction technique. The crystal structure, photoluminescence, and decay times are investigated. The characteristic emission of Eu3+‐doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors exhibits two major peaks at 617 and 595 nm under an excitation wavelength of 394 nm, which corresponds to 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D0 → 7F1 electron transitions of Eu3+ ions. Upon co‐doping with Tb3+, the red emission intensities of the Eu3+‐doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors are enhanced by 1.78‐fold times through an energy‐transfer process. The optimized Tb3+‐ and Eu3+‐co‐doped Sr2SiO4 phosphors show a decay time of 0.49 ns and an energy‐transfer efficiency of 73%. The calculated International Commission on Illumination value (x, y) and color purity are (0.63, 0.37) and 94%, respectively. Subsequently, a luminescent ink is formulated using the optimized phosphor and tested for efficiency on currency notes. Additionally, a flexible film is fabricated, and its luminescence properties are studied. The formulated ink can serve as security ink in the anti‐counterfeiting application.
The Sexual Dimorphism in Rectum and Protein Digestion Pathway Influence Sex Pheromone Synthesis in Male Bactrocera Dorsalis
Authors: Chen Jingxiang , Jiang Yanling , Gao Zijie , Dai Jiawang , Jia Chunsheng , Lu Yongyue , Cheng Daifeng
Published: October 2024

Sexual dimorphism is a crucial aspect of mating and reproduction in many animals, yet the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In Bactrocera dorsalis, sex pheromones trimethylpyrazine (TMP) and tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) are specifically synthesized by Bacillus strains in the male rectum. In the female rectum, Bacillus strains are found, but TMP and TTMP are not, indicating sexually dimorphic differences in sex pheromone synthesis. Our anatomical observations and precursor measurements revealed significant differences in rectal structure and ammonium levels between sexes.  In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that ammonium is vital for sex pheromone synthesis in rectal Bacillus strains. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified ammonium‐producing genes (carboxypeptidase B and peptide transporter) in the protein digestion pathway that show much higher expression in the male rectum than in the female rectum. Knocking down the expression of either carboxypeptidase B (or inhibiting enzyme activity) or peptide transporter decreases rectal ammonium levels significantly, resulting in the failure of sex pheromone synthesis in the male rectum. This study provides insights into the presence of sexual dimorphism in internal organs and their functionalities in male‐specific sex pheromone synthesis and has significant implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex pheromone synthesis by symbionts in insects.
Geostrategic dimensions of recent food policy decisions
Authors: Wieck Christine , Rudloff Bettina , Mensah Kristina , Kareem Olayinka , Montesclaros Jose Ma Luis , Orden David , Søndergaard Niels , Yu Wusheng
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the geostrategic dimensions in food policy responses to two recent global shocks: the Corona‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and the Russian war against Ukraine. The analysis adds to the general assessments of economic security by providing a case study of food policy and food security as an element of economic security. Strong national path dependent trajectories in food policies can be observed. However, geostrategic dimensions related to interstate interaction and political considerations in policymaking that go beyond food security are also observed.
Construction of Z‐type heterojunction Bi4Ti3O12/g‐C3N4 with pyroelectric effect for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Cheng Ze , Zhu Fuxiao , Jin Bihui , Hou Zhenhua , Li Hongbin , Zhang Gongliang , Hou Hongman , Bi Jingran , Yan Shuang , Hao Hongshun
Published: October 2024

Photocatalytic technology has been widely studied, discussed, and tested as a feasible wastewater degradation technology. The present study demonstrated the preparation of g‐C3N4 material using solid‐state sintering method and the construction of Bi4Ti3O12/g‐C3N4 heterostructure via hydrothermal method. This direct contact Z‐type heterojunction improves the wide bandgap of Bi4Ti3O12 monomer, enhances its photoresponsiveness, and thus improves its photocatalytic performance. During the process of photocatalytic experiments, an environment of cold and hot fluctuations were created, and the pyroelectric effect was utilized to induce self‐polarization of the material and formed an internal electric field. It improves the transport ability of electron–hole pairs and suppresses their recombination in the transport path. According to the degradation experiment results, the degradation efficiency of pyroelectric synergistic heterojunction photocatalysis reached 88.7%, which was 2.27 times that of Bi4Ti3O12. It proves that the photocatalysis by pyroelectric synergistic heterojunction has good application prospects.
Comparative analysis of meningeal transcriptomes in birds: Potential pathways of resilience to repeated impacts
Authors: Beatty Abby E. , Barnes‐Tompkins Tara M. , Long Kira M. , Tobiansky Daniel J.
Published: October 2024

The meninges and associated vasculature (MAV) play a crucial role in maintaining cerebral integrity and homeostasis. Recent advances in transcriptomic analysis have illuminated the significance of the MAV in understanding the complex physiological interactions at the interface between the skull and the brain after exposure to mechanical stress. To investigate how physiological responses may confer resilience against repetitive mechanical stress, we performed the first transcriptomic analysis of avian MAV tissues using the Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) as the comparison species. Our findings reveal divergences in gene expression profiles related to immune response, cellular stress management, and protein translation machinery. The male woodpeckers exhibit a tailored immune modulation strategy that potentially dampens neuroinflammation while preserving protective immunity. Overrepresented genes involved in cellular stress responses suggest enhanced mechanisms for mitigating damage and promoting repair. Additionally, the enrichment of translation‐associated pathways hints at increased capacity for protein turnover and cellular remodeling vital for recovery. Our study not only fills a critical gap in avian neurobiology but also lays the groundwork for research in comparative neuroprotection.
Limiting Behavior of Mixed Coherent Systems With Lévy‐Frailty Marshall–Olkin Failure Times
Authors: Lagos Guido , Barrera Javiera , Romero Pablo , Valencia Juan
Published: October 2024

In this article, we show a limit result for the reliability function of a system—that is, the probability that the whole system is still operational after a certain given time—when the number of components of the system grows to infinity. More specifically, we consider a sequence of mixed coherent systems whose components are homogeneous and non‐repairable, with failure‐times governed by a Lévy‐Frailty Marshall–Olkin (LFMO) distribution—a distribution that allows simultaneous component failures. We show that under integrability conditions the reliability function converges to the probability of a first‐passage time of a Lévy subordinator process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result to tackle the asymptotic behavior of the reliability function as the number of components of the system grows. To illustrate our approach, we give an example of a parametric family of reliability functions where the system failure time converges in distribution to an exponential random variable, and give computational experiments testing convergence.
Framework for Cyber Risk Loss Distribution of Client‐Server Networks: A Bond Percolation Model and Industry Specific Case Studies
Authors: Chiaradonna Stefano , Jevtić Petar , Lanchier Nicolas , Pesic Sasa
Published: October 2024

Cyber risk has emerged as a significant threat to businesses that have increasingly relied on new and existing information technologies (IT). Across various businesses in different industries and sectors, a distinct pattern of IT network architectures, such as the client‐server network architecture, may, in principle, expose those businesses, which share it, to similar cyber risks. That is why in this article, we propose a probabilistic structural framework for loss assessments of cyber risks on the class of client‐server network architectures with  different client types. To our knowledge, there exist no theoretical models of an aggregate loss distribution for cyber risk in this setting. With this structural framework via the exact mean and variance of losses, we demonstrate how the changing cybersecurity environment of a business's IT network impacts the loss distribution. Furthermore, our framework provides insights into better investment strategies for cybersecurity protection on the client‐server network. Motivated by cyberattacks across industries, we apply our framework to four case studies that utilize the client‐server network architecture. Our first application is implantable medical devices in healthcare. Our second application is the smart buildings domain. Third, we present an application for ride‐sharing services such as Uber and Lyft. The fourth is the application of vehicle‐to‐vehicle cooperation in traffic management. The results are corresponding exact means and variances of cyber risk loss distributions parameterized by various cybersecurity parameters allowing for liability assessments and decisions in cybersecurity protection investments.
Characteristic Changes of Prefrontal and Motor Areas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Major Depressive Disorder During a Motor Task of Tai Chi Chuan: A Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Li Yuxi , Liu Xiaobo , Zhong Dongling , Xue Chen , Fan Jin , Xie Cheng , Li Juan , Jin Rongjiang
Published: October 2024

Aim

This cross‐sectional study aims to identify the characteristic changes of prefrontal and motor areas during a tai chi chuan task in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) using wearable functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

Three parallel groups (T2DM with DD group, T2DM group, and healthy group) were recruited from December 10, 2022, to May 31, 2023. Participants in three groups conducted a motor task of tai chi chuan designed by Eprime 3.0, and fNIRS was used to monitor the brain activation, functional connectivity (FC), and lateralization of prefrontal and motor areas. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and the function of prefrontal and motor areas.

Results

Ninety elder adults (aged ≥ 60), including 30 patients with T2DM and MDD, 30 patients with T2DM, and 30 healthy subjects, were enrolled. In contrast with the patients with T2DM and healthy subjects, the patients with T2DM and MDD had decreased activation and abnormal lateralization in prefrontal and motor areas and decreased FC among supplementary motor area, motor area, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, the oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) concentration value of DLPFC in patients with T2DM and MDD was negatively associated with scores of Hamilton Depression Scale‐24 (HAMD‐24).

Conclusions

Patients with T2DM and MDD had characteristic functional changes in prefrontal and motor areas. DLPFC may be a potential target of diagnosis and intervention for patients with T2DM and MDD.
An Empirical Study on the Effect of Blended Scents in Driving Environments From a Neuro‐Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Li Tan , Sun Hua , Wang Mianjie , Dai Weihui , Qian Xuesheng
Published: October 2024

Background

An effective method that is easy to implement and widely applicable for improving driving performance and reducing driving risks remains a challenge. Although fragrances are widely used in daily driving, there is a gap between empirical research on everyday blended fragrances and functional fragrances clinical reports. In this study, a deliberately chosen blend of scent without overtly stimulating or functional proven evidence was tested for its potential to enhance performance in a driving environment.

Method

Thirty qualified young drivers were recruited to participate in the experiment. They were asked to watch a 15‐min first‐person perspective driving video to simulate a driving environment and then complete questionnaires and three sets of behavioral experiments while their brain activity was monitored by EEG.

Result

Participants in the scented environment exhibited statistically significant advantages in two cognitive tasks during behavioral measures. These findings were effectively supported by the EEG data, showing that beta waves exhibited more activity in the occipital and prefrontal cortex, enhanced theta waves were observed in the prefrontal cortex, and the TAB index characterizing driving fatigue was suppressed in the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusion

This empirical evidence highlights the potential of pleasant, natural, and blended scents in enhancing driving performance, suggesting that promoting the aromatherapy while driving as an easily applicable approach in daily life seems justified and expands the application of aromatherapy in daily life.
Quantitative Electroencephalography Monitoring in Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery: A Clinical Case Review and Prospective Applications
Authors: Wang Ya‐Peng , Qu Jason Z. , Wang Dong‐Jin
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This review explores advanced methods for assessing perioperative cerebral function in Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) patients, with a focus on quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). It highlights the critical issue of cerebral malperfusion, which is associated with higher mortality and poor prognosis during the perioperative phase in TAAD patients.

Method

The review centers on the utilization of QEEG as a pivotal tool for the extensive monitoring of brain function at various stages: preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. It elaborates on the foundational principles of QEEG, including the mathematical and computational analysis of electroencephalographic signals, enriched with intuitive graphical representations of cerebral functional states.

Finding

QEEG is presented as an innovative approach for the real‐time, noninvasive, and reliable assessment of cerebral function. The review details the application of QEEG in monitoring conditions such as preoperative cerebral malperfusion, intraoperative deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and postoperative recovery of cerebral function in patients undergoing TAAD treatment.

Conclusion

Although QEEG is still in an exploratory phase for TAAD patients, it has shown efficacy in other domains, suggesting its potential in multimodal brain function monitoring. However, its broader application requires further research and technological advancements.
Development of a virtual teaching module for advanced semiconductor fabrication and its learning effectiveness analysis
Authors: Tarng Wernhuar , Huang Jen‐Kai , Shu Jen‐Chu , Lin Yu‐Hsuan , Chang Ting‐Yun , Jwo Hsin‐Yu , Tang Chun‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Semiconductor fabrication is the process of manufacturing semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors and memory. This involves transferring circuit diagrams onto a silicon wafer using photomasks and photoresists. After a series of fabrication processes, ICs are created on the wafer surface and then diced into individual chips, which are packaged and tested with quality control procedures to become the final products. Virtual reality (VR) simulates imaginary experiences or environments difficult to achieve in the real world through human senses and immersive equipment, allowing users to interact in a virtual 3D space in real time, making it well suited for applications in science education and industrial training. This study transforms the essential knowledge of advanced semiconductor manufacturing processes into an easily understandable virtual teaching module, thereby creating educational resources for high school and college students. The objective is to enhance their scientific and technological literacy, yielding substantial benefits for the general public. This study utilized VR technology to simplify and clarify the knowledge about the semiconductor manufacturing process, making it more engaging for learners. The virtual teaching module's learning content includes an overview of wafer preparation, semiconductor fabrication, chip packaging, and IC testing. Users can interact with the virtual teaching module and conduct virtual experiments to enhance their understanding by trial and error. Experimental results show that it can improve students' learning achievement and learning motivation. Therefore, the virtual teaching module is suitable for high‐school students and the general public to understand semiconductor technology and its applications. The effectiveness of the virtual teaching module is heavily dependent on the availability and quality of VR hardware and software. Limited access to advanced VR equipment or technical issues could have affected the learning experience, thereby influencing the learning outcomes.
Alpelisib and Immunotherapy: A Promising Combination for Recurrent and Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Suleiman Riham , McGarrah Patrick , Baral Binav , Owen Dawn , Vera Aguilera Jesus , Halfdanarson Thor R. , Price Katharine A. , Fuentes Bayne Harry E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains a formidable clinical challenge despite available treatments. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway has been identified as a potential therapeutic target, and alpelisib, a selective PI3Kα inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in certain malignancies. Combining this targeted therapy with immunotherapy has been suggested in previous studies as a promising strategy to bolster the immune response against cancer.

Cases

A 69‐year‐old woman with locoregional recurrence of PIK3CA‐mutated SCC of the left maxilla and cervical nodal metastases. Several chemotherapeutic regimens, including cisplatin, docetaxel, 5FU, chemoradiotherapy, and mono‐immunotherapy, resulted in disease progression. Alpelisib combined with pembrolizumab led to a sustained response for 9 months. A 58‐year‐old man with recurrent metastatic PIK3CA‐mutated SCC of the oropharynx, involving the left lung, hilar, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Despite prior palliative radiation and platinum‐based chemotherapy with pembrolizumab and cetuximab, treatment with alpelisib and nivolumab resulted in a partial response. Severe hyperglycemia and rash led to treatment discontinuation.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the potential of this innovative therapeutic combination, suggesting a need for further investigations in this setting.
Improving Health Outcomes Through Treatment Sequencing Optimization in Multiple Myeloma: A Simulation Model in Transplant‐Ineligible Patients
Authors: Geraldes C. , Neves M. , Bergantim R. , Silva C. , Leal da Costa F.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Patients with multiple myeloma often require multiple treatment lines. The order in which treatments are sequenced has impact on clinical outcomes. This study aimed to estimate progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with common treatment sequences used in Portugal and the incremental benefit of an optimal sequence in transplant‐ineligible patients with multiple myeloma.

Methods

A state‐transition sequential model with a five‐health state conceptual structure was developed to simulate and compare survival outcomes between treatment sequences up to four lines of treatments. Data sources included randomized clinical trials and indirect treatment comparisons. A panel of Portuguese hematologists listed four most common treatment sequences and optimal sequence of choice in transplant‐ineligible patients.

Results

Our simulation estimated an OS between 6.1 and 7.8 years using the most common sequences, with VMP + DRd + Pd + Kd as the most effective (7.8 years). Optimal sequence of choice (DRd + PVd + Kd + Vd) achieved OS of 9.8 years and may extend OS in 2.0–3.7 years vs. most common sequences (26%–61% increase). This benefit was mostly explained by extended PFS in the first line of treatment.

Conclusion

Model results demonstrate that choosing the most effective treatment upfront is crucial in delaying disease progression thus yielding better survival outcomes in transplant‐ineligible patients. There was a clear survival benefit in using daratumumab‐based regimens in first line. This modelling exercise highlights the need to raise awareness around the impact of sequencing strategies to improve patient's outcomes.
Multiple‐Input and Multiple‐Output–Based Cascaded Boost Hybrid Interlink Converter
Authors: Islam Shirazul , Iqbal Atif , Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Samiullah Md , Abbas Ahmed , Khan Arif , Meraj Mohammad , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Marzband Mousa , Khan Irfan A.
Published: October 2024

The multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) DC–DC converters offer various advantages such as improved efficiency and reduced component count. However, the preference of these converters over other types of converters is dependent on the specific application and requirements. Various types of boost‐derived MIMO DC–DC converters are discussed in the literature. However, these converters are either nonisolated or isolated types. In the paper, a MIMO‐based cascaded boost hybrid interlink converter (CBHIC) has been proposed. The proposed converter includes four DC–DC boost converters that are supplied power by two input DC sources. The boosted DC output of these converters can be used independently or in a cascaded manner depending upon the requirement of the load. Further, the cascaded action of these four boost converters leads to the production of two high‐frequency AC outputs. By using bridge rectifiers and high‐frequency transformers, high‐frequency AC voltages are converted into DC. Therefore, two isolated DC output voltages can be achieved using CBHIC. The complementary operation of the cascaded boost converters results in reduction of source current ripples. The design, operating modes, and performance evaluation of the proposed CBHIC have been included in the paper. To validate the efficacy of the proposed CBHIC, a lab prototype of 400 W is prepared. The rms value of high‐frequency AC output voltage at each is isolated port is 141 V. The CBHIC exhibits an efficiency of 94.3 at 400 W. The operation of the converter during voltage control mode is further explored and its dynamic response is studies with the help of experimental results. The obtained simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
A Step‐by‐Step Approach for Replacing Si‐IGBTs With SiC‐MOSFETs Modules in Industrial Power Converters
Authors: Prado Edemar O. , Bolsi Pedro C. , Sartori Hamiltom C. , Pinheiro José R.
Published: October 2024

This work presents a step‐by‐step approach for replacing Si‐IGBTs with SiC‐MOSFETs modules in a 9‐kW commercial double‐conversion UPS. Incremental modifications are applied to the original system, considering variations in switching frequency and evaluating its influence on losses and total volume. Through the use of Si‐IGBT transistors and redesigning the system, the volume and losses are analyzed for switching frequencies between 10 and 17 kHz. The IGBT showed limitations around 17 kHz, with high losses due to tail current. With SiC‐MOSFETs, the switching frequency is increased, resulting in smaller filter volumes. The SiC module allowed operation at frequencies in the tens and hundreds of kHz, with relatively low switching losses, which significantly reduced the volume of filters and heat transfer systems. These technological advancements resulted in reductions of up to 78% in the total volume and improved efficiency, enabling operation at lower temperatures and potentially increasing the lifetime of components.
A Reconfigurable IPT System With CC‐CV Output Characteristics and High Misalignment Tolerance
Authors: Gong Zhaowei , Zhao Man , Yang Yajing , Zhang Ningchao , Fu Yongsheng
Published: October 2024

Misalignment between transmission coils is an inevitable challenge in inductive power transfer (IPT) systems, particularly affecting the constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs essential for battery charging. A reconfigurable IPT system with high misalignment tolerance and CC‐CV output characteristics is proposed in this article. The main circuit of the system is composed of a LCC‐LCC and LCC‐S topology with two intermediate coils, and two switches equipped with single unidirectionally blocking MOSFETs are incorporated on the secondary side to transition from CC to CV mode. A comprehensive analysis of the output characteristics for the proposed hybrid topology in both CC and CV modes is provided. Furthermore, the parameter optimization design based on BP coil for wide misalignment tolerance is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed reconfigurable IPT system can maintain stable CC and CV outputs within 50% lateral and vertical offset (the coupling factor varies from 0.1 to 0.21), when the load varies from 11 to 80 Ω, and the output current and voltage fluctuations remain below 5%.
Nonlinear Structures of Dispersive Electrostatic Solitary Waves in a Multi‐Ion Partially Ionized Plasma
Authors: Nassiri‐Mofakham Nora
Published: October 2024

The nonlinear structure and dynamics of dispersive solitons and breather waves described by Korteweg‐de Vries and nonlinear Schrödinger equations are studied. The theoretical and numerical study of the generalized hydrodynamic equations, accounting for wave dissipation and particle production‐loss mechanism, are considered. The reductive expansion method has been used in the context of the instability problem of multi‐fluid dynamics, applied to the study of electrostatic solitons and ion‐acoustic waves. A nonlocal model of interacting solitary‐breather waves has been presented. Applications of the theory, concerning the ion streaming instability in the framework of plasma physics, are presented.
Association Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Incident Gastrointestinal Cancer in Korean Population: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shin Soonsu , Kim Min‐Ho , Oh Chang‐Mo , Ha Eunhee , Ryoo Jae‐Hong
Published: October 2024

Background

The age‐standardised incidence ratio of gastrointestinal cancers in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients has been reported to be higher than that in the general population. After adjusting for shared risk factors, we aimed to explore the association between T1D and gastrointestinal cancer and examine how this relationship varies by age and sex.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 268,179 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort. The primary outcome is the incident of gastrointestinal cancers, based on diagnostic codes. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between T1D and gastrointestinal cancers.

Results

Of the 268,179 participants, 2681 had T1D at baseline and were followed for 12.98 (± 2.92) years. Compared with non‐T1D, T1D patients had a significantly increased risk of all gastrointestinal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.403, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.253–1.573). T1D patients increased risks of oesophageal cancer (aHR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.038–3.349), gastric cancer (aHR: 1.313, 95% CI: 1.066–1.616), colon cancer (aHR: 1.365, 95% CI: 1.110–1.678), liver cancer (aHR: 1.388, 95% CI: 1.115–1.727), and pancreatic cancer (aHR: 1.716, 95% CI: 1.182–2.492). The consistency of this association persisted among both male and female, with its strength increasing with older age.

Conclusions

The risk of gastrointestinal cancer was significantly increased in T1D patients. Older male T1D patients exhibit a higher risk, suggesting the need for targeted attention in their care.
A network of transient domains for breaking symmetry during anterior–posterior axis formation in the porcine embryo
Authors: Plöger Ruben , Tsikolia Nikoloz , Viebahn Christoph
Published: October 2024

Breaking radial symmetry for anterior–posterior axis formation is one of the key developmental steps of vertebrate gastrulation and is established through a succession of transient domains defined by morphology or gene expression. Three such domains were interpreted recently in the rabbit to be part of a “three‐anchor‐point model” for axis formation. To answer the question as to whether the model is generally applicable to mammals, the dynamic expression patterns of four marker genes were analyzed in the pig, where gastrulating epiblast forms from half the inner cell mass: EOMES and PKDCC transcripts display decreasing expression intensities in the anterior hypoblast and—together with WNT3—increasing intensity in the anterior streak domain and the node; TBX6 expression changes from an initial central expression to exclusive expression in the posterior extremity of the primitive streak. The anterior streak domain has thus a molecular footprint similar to the one in the rabbit, the end node shares TBX6 between the species, while the anterior hypoblast—mirroring specific porcine epiblast derivation and fate—is marked by PKDCC instead of WNT3. The molecular similarities in transient domains point to conserved mechanisms for establishing the mammalian anterior–posterior axis and, possibly, breaking radial symmetry.
Commonalities of platelet dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and underlying comorbidities
Authors: D'Italia Giorgia , Schroen Blanche , Cosemans Judith M.E.M.
Published: October 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a lack of a specific targeted treatment and a complex, partially unexplored pathophysiology. Common comorbidities associated with HFpEF are hypertension, atrial fibrillation, obesity and diabetes. These comorbidities, combined with advanced age, play a crucial role in the initiation and development of the disease through the promotion of systemic inflammation and consequent changes in cardiac phenotype. In this context, we suggest platelets as important players due to their emerging role in vascular inflammation. This review provides an overview of the role of platelets in HFpEF and its associated comorbidities, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, obesity and diabetes mellitus, as well as the impact of age and sex on platelet function. These major HFpEF‐associated comorbidities present alterations in platelet behaviour and in features linked to platelet size, content and reactivity. The resulting dysfunctional platelets can contribute to further increase inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting an active role of these cells in the initiation and progression of HFpEF. Recent evidence shows that reduced platelet count and elevated mean platelet volume are associated with worsening heart failure in HFpEF patients. However, the specific mechanisms by which platelets contribute to HFpEF development and progression are still largely unexplored, with only a few studies investigating platelet function in HFpEF. We discuss the limited yet significant body of research investigating platelet function in HFpEF, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies. Additionally, we explore the potential mechanisms through which platelets may influence HFpEF, such as their interactions with the vascular endothelium and the secretion of bioactive molecules like cytokines, chemokines and RNA molecules. These interactions and secretions may play a role in modulating vascular inflammation and contributing to the pathophysiological landscape of HFpEF. The review underscores the necessity for future research to elucidate the precise contributions of platelets to HFpEF, aiming to potentially identify novel therapeutic targets and improve patient outcomes. The evidence presented herein supports the hypothesis that platelets are not merely passive bystanders but active participants in the pathophysiology of HFpEF and its comorbidities.
Multimodal Fusion Anomaly Detection Model for Agricultural Wireless Sensors
Authors: Zhou Zhenggui
Published: October 2024

Agricultural Internet of Things has become one of the most important data sources of agricultural big data. However, the wireless sensors equipped with agricultural Internet of Things is affected by many factors, and anomalous data inevitably exists during the data collection process. The existence of anomalous data leads to the deterioration of the agricultural data quality, which hinders the efficient development of agricultural data analysis. In order to detect anomalous data accurately for agricultural wireless sensors, in this article, we propose an anomaly detection model that combines multimodal fusion and error reconstruction. The model first adds Gaussian noise to the input sequence and converts it into standard time series and image data. Subsequently, it is processed by different modal encoders and fuses the image and sequence modal data using Temporal Cross‐modal Attention module to enhance the perception of anomalous modal information. Finally, the fused data is reconstructed, and anomalous data are identified by the image and sequence decoders. Comparison experiments with several baselines prove the validity of the model proposed in this article, ablation experiments prove the necessity of the key modules in the model, and multiple sets of experiments are also designed to discuss the effects of hyperparameters.
Test and sensitivity analysis of base‐isolated steel frame with low‐friction spherical sliding bearings
Authors: Akazawa Motoki , Kurata Masahiro , Yamazaki Shinsuke , Kawamata Yohsuke , Matsuo Shintaro
Published: October 2024

In Japan, spherical sliding bearings with low friction coefficients are gaining popularity for base‐isolating low‐rise frames that are relatively lightweight. However, the complete dataset of isolators and a base‐isolated frame for evaluating the model sensitivity and response uncertainty are limited. This study first presents the design process, isolation unit‐ and frame‐level testing, and a blind prediction contest conducted on the occasion of full‐scale shaking table testing of a three‐story base‐isolated hospital specimen. The design process utilizes a numerical model that accounts for the velocity and contact pressure dependencies and requires soft‐ and hard‐case simulations with nominal friction coefficients plus and minus standard deviation to consider the uncertainties associated with the bearing behavior. The pre‐shipment isolation unit and frame shake table testing yielded an invaluable dataset for bearings under normal and low contact pressures, low and high velocities, and constant and varying axial loads. The accompanying blind prediction contest provided a valuable dataset for rethinking the impact of modeling uncertainty. In‐depth data analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The sliding coefficient increased under low‐contact pressure and low‐velocity conditions. The static friction coefficient was 1.9 to 4.5 times higher than the dynamic coefficient, but this had little impact on the residual displacement, cumulative travel, and maximum story shear force. The axial force fluctuation, vertical motion, and two‐directional input did not significantly affect the bearing behavior in the test. The test and the following simulations confirmed that the low friction coefficient helped the building contents, that is, medical equipment in this study, remain in order under near‐fault and long‐period ground motions.
Hydrogeomorphic response of steep streams following severe wildfire in the Western cascades, Oregon
Authors: Busby David M. , Wilcox Andrew C.
Published: October 2024

Severe wildfire may alter steep mountain streams by increasing peak discharges, elevating sediment and wood inputs into channels, and increasing susceptibility to landslides and debris flows. In the Pacific Northwest, where mean annual precipitation is high and mean fire‐return intervals range from decades to centuries, understanding of steep stream response to fire is limited. We evaluate the hydrologic and geomorphic response of ~100‐m‐long steep stream reaches to the large‐scale and severe 2020 fires in the Western Cascade Range, Oregon. In the two runoff seasons after the fires, peak flows in burned reaches were below the 2‐year recurrence interval flood, a level sufficient to mobilize the median grain size of bed material, but not large enough to mobilize coarser material and reorganize channel morphology. Sediment inputs to study streams consisted of two road‐fill failure landslides, slumps, sheetwash, and minor bank erosion; precipitation thresholds to trigger debris flows were not exceeded in our sites. There was a 50% increase in the number of large wood pieces in burned reaches after the fires. Changes in fluxes of water, sediment, and wood induced shifts in the balance of sediment supply to transport capacity, initiating a sequence of sediment aggradation and bed‐material fining followed by erosion and bed‐material coarsening. Gross channel form showed resilience to change, and an unburned reference reach exhibited little morphologic change. Post‐fire recruitment of large wood will likely have long‐term implications for channel morphology and habitat heterogeneity. Below‐average precipitation during the study period, combined with an absence of extreme precipitation events, was an important control on channel responses. Climate change may have a complex effect on stream response to wildfire by increasing the propensity for both drought and extreme rain events and by altering vegetation recovery patterns.
A review of Mpox: Biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies
Authors: Jiang Lin , Xu Ailan , Guan Lin , Tang Yong , Chai Guangshuai , Feng Junya , Wu Yueqi , Li Maochen , Zhang Chuxie , Liu Xiaojing , Xu Xiaolong , Liu Qingquan , Song Lihua , Tong Yigang , Blundell Renald , Fan Huahao
Published: October 2024

The outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the zoonotic disease caused by viral infection was renamed as “Mpox” on November 28, 2022. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for Mpox, and a main preventive strategy against MPXV infection remains the smallpox vaccine. Although there was an emergency use authorization (EUA) of Brincidofovir and Tecovirimat for the clinical treatment of clade II Mpox, while Tecovirimat failed to reduce the duration of Mpox lesions among patients infected with clade I Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Therefore, it is still an urgent need to develop an effective medication. This review aims to enhance the understanding of Mpox and contribute to its prevention and treatment strategies, it provides a systemic introduction of the biological and epidemiological characteristics of MPXV, the clinical feature and diagnosis of Mpox, as well as treatment and prevention strategies, which will improve the comprehension about MPXV and offer potential strategies for clinical treatment.
Hydrogen Sulfide and 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Synergistically Enhance Drought Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kaya Cengiz , Uğurlar Ferhat
Published: October 2024

Enhancing crop drought tolerance is crucial for food security amid climate change. This study examines how 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can improve drought resilience in tomato plants, which are essential for sustainable food production. Drought stress was induced using 12% PEG‐6000. Plants were pre‐treated with 25 mg L−1 ALA and 0.1 mg L−1 hypotaurine (HT), followed by 0.2 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) treatment to assess the effects on plant physiological effects over 10 days. Drought stress reduced plant dry weight, chlorophylls (a and b), Fv/Fm, leaf water potential, and relative water content, while increasing glycine betaine (GB) and proline levels. Additionally, drought stress elevated NADPH oxidase (NOX) and glycolate oxidase (GOX) activities, inducing oxidative stress and membrane damage. ALA and NaHS enhanced plant growth, photosynthesis, proline, GB, ALA content, ATP synthase, and ATPase activities, while mitigating NOX and GOX activities, thereby reducing and H2O2 radicals. ALA alone boosted L‐DES activity, promoting H2S accumulation. However, ALA + HT reduced H2S levels, compromising ALA's efficacy. NaHS with ALA + HT reinstated positive effects by restoring H2S levels. Biochemical assays confirmed ALA and NaHS promoted H2S accumulation, bolstering antioxidants, mitigating lipid peroxidation, suggesting their drought resilience potential in tomatoes.
Hospital admissions for pyoderma gangrenosum in Spain (1999–2021): Epidemiological and clinical characteristics, temporal trends, and factors associated with poor prognosis and higher cost
Authors: Belinchón‐Romero Isabel , Sánchez‐Martínez Verónica , Ramos‐Belinchón Clara , Ramos‐Rincón José‐Manuel
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic inflammatory dermatosis that can be idiopathic or associated with other diseases. The aim was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, temporal trends, risk factors for poor prognosis, and admission costs associated with PG in Spain.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study, based on the Hospital Discharge Registry of the Spanish National Health System in Spain from 1999 to 2021.

Results

Of 82,161,670 admissions during the study period, 4901 were for PG (hospitalization rate of 59.7/1,000,000 admissions). PG hospitalizations increased from 28.8/1,00,000 in 1999 to 91.9/1,000,000 in 2021. PG was a primary cause of admission in 60.5% of cases, and 58.4% of patients were women. The main PG‐related comorbidities were inflammatory bowel disease (15.7%) and neoplasms (10%). There was a significant increase over the years in admissions for inflammatory bowel disease, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and lymphoma, as well as an increase in diseases unrelated to PG, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The hospital mortality rate was 5.6%. Death was associated with PG being a primary diagnosis, older age, leukemia, neoplasms, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The cost of treatment increased over the years and was higher in older people.

Conclusion

PG cases in the inpatient setting in Spain over the past 23 years make up a tiny proportion of all hospital admissions, although the rate of hospitalization for PG has increased in the last two decades.