bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary File 11 from Integrative metatranscriptomic analysis reveals disease-specific microbiome-host interactions in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jain Vinay , Baraniya Divyashri , Elhadedy Doaa E , Chen Tsute , Slifker Michael J. , Alakwaa Fadhl , Cai Kathy Q. , Chitrala Kumaraswamy Naidu , Fundakowski Christopher , Al-hebshi Nezar
Published: April 2023

Host pathways (GSEA genesets) correlating with microbial genera
Supplementary Table 9 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

ST_9 LISA analyses of RNA-Seq
Supplementary Table 7 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

ST_7 ATAC-Seq to RIME
Supplementary Table 2 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table _2 - RIME II
Supplementary Table 16 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

ST_16 Cistrome and RNA-Seq in tumors
Supplementary Table 15 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

ST_15 Cistrome and miRNA expression
Supplementary Figure 8 from African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A
Authors: Siddappa Manjunath , Hussain Shahid , Wani Sajad A. , White Jason , Tang Hancong , Gray Jaimie S. , Jafari Hedieh , Wu Hsu-Chang , Long Mark D. , Elhussin Isra , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Wang Honghe , Morgan Rebecca , Hardiman Gary , Adelani Isaacson B. , Rotimi Solomon O. , Murphy Adam R. , Nonn Larisa , Davis Melissa B. , Kittles Rick A. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Yates Clayton , Campbell Moray J.
Published: April 2023

SF_8 RNA-Seq GSEA
Data from Identification of Membrane-expressed CAPRIN-1 as a Novel and Universal Cancer Target, and Generation of a Therapeutic Anti-CAPRIN-1 Antibody TRK-950
Authors: Okano Fumiyoshi , Saito Takanori , Minamida Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Shinichi , Ido Takayoshi , Miyauchi Yasushi , Wasai Ukei , Akazawa Daisuke , Kume Masahiko , Ishibashi Masaki , Jiang Ke , Aicher Alexandra , Heeschen Christopher , Yonehara Tetsu
Published: April 2023

Specific targets for cancer treatment are highly desirable, but still remain to be discovered. While previous reports suggested that CAPRIN-1 localizes in the cytoplasm, here we now show that part of this molecule is strongly expressed on the cell membrane surface in most solid cancers, but not normal tissues. Notably, the membrane expression of CAPRIN-1 extended to the subset of highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–induced metastatic cancer cells. In addition, we revealed that cancer cells with particularly high CAPRIN-1 surface expression exhibited enhanced tumorigenicity. We generated a therapeutic humanized anti-CAPRIN-1 antibody (TRK-950), which strongly and specifically binds to various cancer cells and shows antitumor effects via engagement of immune cells. TRK-950 was further developed as a new cancer drug and a series of preclinical studies demonstrates its therapeutic potency in tumor-bearing mouse models and safety in a relevant cynomolgus monkey model. Together, our data demonstrate that CAPRIN-1 is a novel and universal target for cancer therapies. A phase I clinical study of TRK-950 has been completed (NCT02990481) and a phase Ib study (combination with approved drugs) is currently underway (NCT03872947) in the United States and France. In parallel, a phase I study in Japan is in progress as well (NCT05423262).
Significance:
Antibody-based cancer therapies have been demonstrated to be effective, but are only approved for a limited number of targets, because the majority of these markers is shared with healthy tissue, which may result in adverse effects. Here, we have successfully identified CAPRIN-1 as a novel truly cancer-specific target, universally expressed on membranes of various cancer cells including cancer stem cells. Clinical studies are underway for the anti-CAPRIN-1 therapeutic antibody TRK-950.
Data from Integrative Metatranscriptomic Analysis Reveals Disease-specific Microbiome–host Interactions in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jain Vinay , Baraniya Divyashri , El-Hadedy Doaa E. , Chen Tsute , Slifker Michael , Alakwaa Fadhl , Cai Kathy Q. , Chitrala Kumaraswamy N. , Fundakowski Christopher , Al-Hebshi Nezar N.
Published: April 2023

Studies on the microbiome of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been limited to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Here, laser microdissection coupled with brute-force, deep metatranscriptome sequencing was employed to simultaneously characterize the microbiome and host transcriptomes and predict their interaction in OSCC. The analysis involved 20 HPV16/18-negative OSCC tumor/adjacent normal tissue pairs (TT and ANT) along with deep tongue scrapings from 20 matched healthy controls (HC). Standard bioinformatic tools coupled with in-house algorithms were used to map, analyze, and integrate microbial and host data. Host transcriptome analysis identified enrichment of known cancer-related gene sets, not only in TT versus ANT and HC, but also in the ANT versus HC contrast, consistent with field cancerization. Microbial analysis identified a low abundance yet transcriptionally active, unique multi-kingdom microbiome in OSCC tissues predominated by bacteria and bacteriophages. HC showed a different taxonomic profile yet shared major microbial enzyme classes and pathways with TT/ANT, consistent with functional redundancy. Key taxa enriched in TT/ANT compared with HC were Cutibacterium acnes, Malassezia restricta, Human Herpes Virus 6B, and bacteriophage Yuavirus. Functionally, hyaluronate lyase was overexpressed by C. acnes in TT/ANT. Microbiome-host data integration revealed that OSCC-enriched taxa were associated with upregulation of proliferation-related pathways. In a preliminary in vitro validation experiment, infection of SCC25 oral cancer cells with C. acnes resulted in upregulation of MYC expression. The study provides a new insight into potential mechanisms by which the microbiome can contribute to oral carcinogenesis, which can be validated in future experimental studies.
Significance:
Studies have shown that a distinct microbiome is associated with OSCC, but how the microbiome functions within the tumor interacts with the host cells remains unclear. By simultaneously characterizing the microbial and host transcriptomes in OSCC and control tissues, the study provides novel insights into microbiome-host interactions in OSCC which can be validated in future mechanistic studies.
Mistaken Metastasis: Radiation-Induced Rib Fracture Mimicking Malignancy on Computerized Tomography Case Report
Authors: Esmonde-White Caroline , Palma David , Mutsaers Adam
Published: April 2023

A 62-year-old woman with a 40-pack-year smoking history and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with early-stage right upper lobe non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Two years after treatment, a surveillance computerized tomography scan showed lesions of the posterior 4th and 5th ribs including expansion of the medulla that was unusual and of concern for possible malignant infiltration. A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed these lesions to be healing fractures post-radiotherapy. Although generally well tolerated, SABR is known to produce inflammatory and fibrotic changes both in-field and in organs at risk, and rib fractures are a well-established adverse event. MRI has high diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for rib fractures and was able to rule out malignant spread. This case demonstrates the need for regular follow-up following SABR for early-stage NSCLC, as well as the challenge of interpreting indeterminate post-SABR radiography findings.
Prospective Analysis of Versatility and User Satisfaction with a Novel Single-Use Cystoscope with Working Channel
Authors: Lütfrenk Thomas , Neisius Andreas , Rausch Steffen , Salem Johannes , Kuru Timur H.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In the present study, a prospective systematic assessment of the clinical utility of the Ambu® aScopeTM 4 Cysto Reverse Deflection with regard to image quality, maneuverability, and navigation in an outpatient and inpatient setting was performed. Materials and Methods: A prospective multicenter study was performed for evaluation of the instrument during routine cystoscopy. We evaluated the clinical performance of the instruments using a standardized user questionnaire in different categories including image quality, treatment success, imaging of all areas of the urinary bladder, quality of navigation, flexibility of the endoscope, and satisfaction with the device. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. A p value of p ≤ 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 cystoscopies were performed, and the questionnaire response rate was 100%. The image quality was rated as very good in 65.5% (n = 131), good in 30.5% (n = 61), and neutral in 4% (n = 8) of cases. The criteria for poor or very poor were not mentioned. The characteristic “treatment success based on image quality” was also evaluated as very good in 49% (n = 98) and good in 50.5% (n = 101). The analysis revealed a very good or good overall impression of the examiners in all cases. Replacement of the cystoscope was not necessary during any of the examinations. However, in 3 cases, technical difficulties were documented. Further analysis of the data showed that physicians with less professional experience rated the visualization of the urinary bladder (p = 0.007) and the treatment success with regard to image quality significantly worse (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The Ambu® aScope™ 4 Cysto Reverse Deflection shows high satisfaction values among users in clinical routine. In analogy to other studies with flexible endoscopes, urologists with more professional experience show higher satisfaction values than examiners with less training in flexible endoscopy.
Efficacy of the Castor Oil-Filled Capsule Method as Preparation for Colon Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Mizukami Kazuhiro , Inumaru Yoshito , Akiyama Hidetoshi , Fukuda Kensuke , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Fujioka Toshio , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Murakami Kazunari
Published: April 2023

Background: Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is useful as an alternative examination for patients in whom colonoscopy is difficult. The Japanese Association for Capsule Endoscopy has published a recommended regimen for CCE using castor oil, which is becoming a standard examination method for CCE in Japan. However, castor oil has an unpleasant flavor. Therefore, patient acceptance is not good. Objectives: The aims were to develop a castor oil-filled capsule and evaluate its feasibility and patient acceptance in a retrospective, comparative study. Method: A dissolution study of pig-derived gelatin capsules filled with castor oil was performed using artificial gastric juice. The CCE excretion rates within battery lifetime, CCE examination times, endoscopic colonic cleansing levels, and patient acceptability between CCE boosters with a castor oil-filled capsule and without castor oil were retrospectively compared using medical information, clinical data, and endoscopic findings at Takada Chuo Hospital from September 2016 to August 2019. Results: The castor oil-filled capsules were completely disintegrated at approximately 1–3 min in artificial gastric juice. Bowel preparation with oil-filled capsules and without castor oil was performed in 27 and 24 patients, respectively. CCE excretion rates within battery life were 100% and 91.7% (p = 0.217), small bowel transit times were 115 min and 143 min (p = 0.046), colon transit times were 168 min and 148 min (p = 0.733), and adequate colonic cleansing rates were 85.2% and 86.3% (p = 1.000) in patients using bowel preparation with and without oil-filled capsules, respectively. Regarding acceptance, the taste was not problematic in 85.2%, and tolerability for the next CCE was 96.3%. Conclusions: CCE using a castor oil-filled capsule method achieved high examination performance and sufficient patient tolerability.
Association of Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia and Postnatal Epilepsy in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Wu Po-Ming , Wu Chen-Yu , Li Chung-I , Huang Chao-Ching , Tu Yi-Fang
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common white matter injury and a common cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Postnatal epilepsy may occur after cystic PVL, but their causal relationship remains uncertain. Our aim was to validate the contribution of cystic PVL to postnatal epilepsy in very preterm infants and demonstrate their seizure characteristics. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 1,342 preterm infants (birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <32 weeks) from 2003 to 2015. Cystic PVL was diagnosed by serial cerebral ultrasound, and other comorbidities were recorded during hospitalization. Neurological developments and consequences, including epilepsy, were serially accessed until the age of 5. Results: A total of 976 preterm infants completed a 5-year neurological follow-up; 47 (4.8%) had cystic PVL. Preterm infants with cystic PVL were commonly associated with other comorbidities, including necrotizing enterocolitis stage III, neonatal seizures, and intraventricular hemorrhage during hospitalization. At age 5, 14 of the 47 (29.8%) preterm infants with cystic PVL had postnatal epilepsy. After adjusting for gender, gestational age, and three common comorbidities, cystic PVL was an independent risk factor for postnatal epilepsy (adjust OR: 16.2; 95% CI: 6.8–38.4; p < 0.001). Postnatal epilepsy after cystic PVL was commonly the generalized type (13 of 14, 92.9%), not intractable and most occurred after 1 year of age. Discussion/Conclusion: Cystic PVL would independently lead to postnatal epilepsy. Preterm infants with cystic PVL are at risk of postnatal epilepsy after age 1 in addition to cerebral palsy.
Risikobehaftet? Transbronchiale Mikrowellenablation beim nicht metastasierten Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Hagmeyer Lars
Published: April 2023

Background: Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation is an established treatment option for early-stage lung cancer in medically inoperable patients but carries a high risk of pleura-related complications, particularly pneumothorax. Objective: This study aimed to determine if image-guided transbronchial microwave ablation (tMWA) is a feasible approach to treat peripheral stage 1 lung cancer. Method: A prospective, single-arm, multicenter study sought to enroll 40 adults who were medically inoperable or declined surgery for peripheral stage 1 lung tumors (≤20 mm). Ablation was performed using navigational bronchoscopy and a flexible MWA probe, guided by cone-beam CT with augmented fluoroscopy. Follow-up at 1, 6, and 12 months included CT imaging of the ablation zone and possible tumor recurrence, adverse events (AEs), pulmonary function, and quality of life. Results: Across 2 sites, 11 tumors (10 NSCLC, 1 carcinoid) were treated in 10 enrolled patients. Median tumor diameter was 13 × 14 mm (7–19 mm) and median minimum ablative margin was 11 mm (5–19 mm). Technical success and technique efficacy were achieved in all patients. No tumor recurrence was seen during 12-month follow-up. No pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or bronchopleural fistula were noted. Minor AEs included scant hemoptysis, pain, cough, and dyspnea. Two serious AEs occurred ≤30 days of ablation and included a COPD exacerbation (day 9) and a death of unknown cause (day 15). The death led the sponsor to halt enrollment. Pulmonary function and quality-of-life indices remained stable. Conclusions: Image-guided tMWA is a technically feasible approach for peripheral early-stage lung cancer but warrants further evaluation of safety and efficacy in larger cohorts.
Developing Fibrous Biomaterials to Modulate Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Blake Beth , Ozdemir Tugba
Published: April 2023

Despite their critical roles in tissue repair and pathological processes such as fibrosis, tumor invasion and metastasis, the origins of mesenchymal cells remain poorly understood. Among the likely routes, epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) emerge as important source of these cells. EMTs manifests themselves as a phenotypic transition in terminally differentiated epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells which is closely related to embryogenesis and organ development as well as in chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasia. There exists a potential for successful engineering of biomimetic environments that closely reflects and reciprocates the dynamic changes in the cellular microenvironment during EMT and relies on integrating the mechanical sensing mechanisms found in the native tissues into the synthetic scaffolds to understand cellular plasticity. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has complex structures composed of a collection of extracellular molecules including fibrous proteins and glycoproteins in a hydrated mixture of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Therefore, fibrous materials have been increasingly applied in tissue engineering applications since biomaterials need to restore ECM structures to provide physical, biochemical and biomechanical signals to define cellular behaviors and tissue functions. This review summarizes materials used for fibrous scaffolds including natural and synthetic materials, highlights recent development of fabrication techniques, characteristic architectures and properties and different applications of fibrous scaffolds in tissue engineering. The prospects and challenges about fibrous materials in tissue engineering applications are also discussed. Finally, we summarized relevant bioengineering approaches to modulate each type of EMT as potential avenues to consider towards future biomaterials design.
Aging with HIV: Working to Ensure Equity and Inclusion
Authors: Brennan-Ing Mark , Mattas Eleni
Published: April 2023

Due to effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the people with HIV are aging, and this is observed globally wherever ART is readily available. While this represents the success of HIV treatment, those aging with HIV face several health challenges that emphasize the importance of access to health care and health equity. These challenges include changes to the immune system, chronic inflammation, and higher rates of multimorbidity at younger ages compared to people without HIV. Intersectional identities impact health care access and health equity and include age, sexual orientation, gender identity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and HIV serostatus. Intersectional identities are also associated with psychosocial burdens among older adults with HIV such as depression, social isolation, and HIV stigma. Social integration of older people with HIV can mitigate some of these burdens and is associated with better psychological well-being, better physical functioning, and greater sufficiency of informal social supports. There are several grassroots and advocacy initiatives to improve health equity and social integration which bring greater visibility to HIV and aging. These efforts should be coupled with a systematic and sustained policy response to the aging of this population that prioritizes human needs and is grounded in principles of social justice. Action must be taken, and this responsibility falls on policymakers, health care professionals, researchers, and community advocates alike.
International Comparison Exercise for Biological Dosimetry after Exposures with Neutrons Performed at Two Irradiation Facilities as Part of the BALANCE Project
Authors: Endesfelder David , Kulka Ulrike , Bucher Martin , Giesen Ulrich , Garty Guy , Beinke Christina , Port Matthias , Gruel Gaetan , Gregoire Eric , Terzoudi Georgia , Triantopoulou Sotiria , Ainsbury Elizabeth A. , Moquet Jayne , Sun Mingzhu , Prieto María Jesús , Moreno Domene Mercedes , Barquinero Joan-Francesc , Pujol-Canadell Monica , Vral Anne , Baeyens Ans , Wojcik Andrzej , Oestreicher Ursula
Published: April 2023

In the case of a radiological or nuclear event, biological dosimetry can be an important tool to support clinical decision-making. During a nuclear event, individuals might be exposed to a mixed field of neutrons and photons. The composition of the field and the neutron energy spectrum influence the degree of damage to the chromosomes. During the transatlantic BALANCE project, an exposure similar to a Hiroshima-like device at a distance of 1.5 km from the epicenter was simulated, and biological dosimetry based on dicentric chromosomes was performed to evaluate the participants ability to discover unknown doses and to test the influence of differences in neutron spectra. In a first step, calibration curves were established by irradiating blood samples with 5 doses in the range of 0–4 Gy at two different facilities in Germany (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [PTB]) and the USA (the Columbia IND Neutron Facility [CINF]). The samples were sent to eight participating laboratories from the RENEB network and dicentric chromosomes were scored by each participant. Next, blood samples were irradiated with 4 blind doses in each of the two facilities and sent to the participants to provide dose estimates based on the established calibration curves. Manual and semiautomatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes were evaluated for their applicability to neutron exposures. Moreover, the biological effectiveness of the neutrons from the two irradiation facilities was compared. The calibration curves from samples irradiated at CINF showed a 1.4 times higher biological effectiveness compared to samples irradiated at PTB. For manual scoring of dicentric chromosomes, the doses of the test samples were mostly successfully resolved based on the calibration curves established during the project. For semiautomatic scoring, the dose estimation for the test samples was less successful. Doses >2 Gy in the calibration curves revealed nonlinear associations between dose and dispersion index of the dicentric counts, especially for manual scoring. The differences in the biological effectiveness between the irradiation facilities suggested that the neutron energy spectrum can have a strong impact on the dicentric counts.
Model to increase motivation and learning outcomes in learning history
Authors: Ima Wa , Pattiasina Johan , Sopacua Jems
Published: April 2023

Value clarification technique (VCT) and teaching and contextual learning (CTL) are learning models that are rarely compared in history learning. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find: i) The differences in student learning outcomes using the VCT model and the CTL learning model; ii) Differences in student learning outcomes between the use of the VCT learning model and CTL learning model for students who have high learning motivation; iii) Differences in learning outcomes between the use of VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The interaction effect between the use of learning models and students' learning motivation on learning outcomes. This study employed a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with a 2×2 factorial design. The data analysis technique used a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level (α) of 0.05. The population in this study was all students of class X of social science (IPS). The study's research showed that: i) There were significant differences in learning outcomes between students who used the VCT and CTL learning models; ii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have high learning motivation; iii) There were differences in learning outcomes between the used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students who have low learning motivation; and iv) The used of the VCT and CTL learning models for students with high learning motivation was associated with better learning outcomes.
Strengthening civic literacy among students through digital literacy in society 5.0
Authors: Nuryadi Muhammad Hendri , Widiatmaka Pipit
Published: April 2023

The reading index in Indonesia is still relatively low, so many students are victims of fake news that develops on social media. In addition, students have not been able to utilize digital technology as digital literacy to the fullest, so it has implications for the weakness of knowledge about civic literacy. The research design used is a literature review and the type of qualitative research. The research method is literature, while the data collection technique uses document studies and the data analysis used is content analysis. Civic literacy has an important role in facing the era of society 5.0, with the ability of civic literacy, really helps students to participate in realizing the harmony of the life of the nation and state. Society 5.0 has a formidable challenge for higher education if each lecturer does not equip students with civic literacy skills. Strategies to strengthen civic literacy through digital literacy can be carried out effectively, by implementing varied learning methods and using digital-based learning media. Through this, students will be interested in learning, considering that students are a digital native generation who cannot be separated from digital technology. Strengthening civic literacy is very effective by utilizing digital literacy so that every student can adapt to the times, especially society in the 5.0 era.
The deficient factual basis of the main explanatory models of dropout in higher education
Authors: Acevedo Fernando
Published: April 2023

In the last 40 years in much of the western world dropout rates in higher education have remained almost unchanged. Although student retention seems to be the most studied and discussed aspect, nearly every empirical study on the causes of dropout in higher education and even more the impact of retention actions carried out by universities, in most cases have achieved modest results. This paper argues that this fact finds its explanation, to a certain extent, in the nature of the methodological approaches and factual supports of the empirical studies that most of those actions were based on. In this regard, there are strong arguments and empirical evidence that reveal the deficient nature of the factual basis of the most accepted models, theorizations and measurements on dropout in higher education. Among them are those that underlie the models proposed in 2012 by Vincent Tinto and Adam Seidman, the two main current references on the subject. The most significant questions point to the low reliability of the inferences produced from the application of surveys, especially the national survey of student engagement, very recurrently applied throughout the western world in empirical studies on dropout in higher education.
Problem-based science learning in elementary schools: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Puspita Anenggar Dewi , Maryani Ika , Sukma Hanum Hanifa
Published: April 2023

This study aims to identify publication trends and recommendations for problem-based science learning research in elementary schools. We used a mixed-methods research design in which descriptive, qualitative, and bibliometric analyses were used to look at the data. We selected the sample by using the purposive sampling technique. Secondary data contains Sinta-indexed research articles published in the Google Scholar database. Data were analyzed using content analysis and the VOS-Viewer. The results of the analysis show that between 2017 and 2021, 98 articles have been published with the keywords [problem-based learning] and [IPA or science learning] in national and international journals with research settings in Indonesia. Most publications occurred in 2020. The keywords that appear the most in the published articles obtained are [problem-based learning], [learning outcomes], [critical thinking skills], and [science learning]. The keyword [Tri Hita Karana], or three causes of well-being, appears, but with weak nodes. These keywords appear in many publications whose research settings are in Bali because they are ethnoscientific findings from that area. Weak nodes have several conjectures, namely that this theme has been researched to saturate or that research on this theme is still rarely carried out. This research contributes ideas for future research involving the theme of problem-based learning in science.
A servidão voluntária, de La Boétie a Montaigne
Authors: Gontier Thierry , Novaes Adriana
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo analisa a evolução de um novo ideal republicano no contexto das guerras de religião do século XVI francês. Para tal, concentra-se em dois textos: o Discurso sobre a servidão voluntária, de La Boétie, cujo essencial se supõe ter sido redigido por volta de 1548, e os Ensaios, de Montaigne, cuja primeira edição data de 1580. Demonstra, com isso, que Montaigne transfere os ideais republicanos de La Boétie a um contexto novo, passando de um ethos republicano herdado do humanismo renascentista para um ethos que se pode anacronicamente qualificar de “liberal”.
Experiência, prática e vida no capítulo “Da experiência” (III, 13) dos Ensaios de Montaigne
Authors: Smith Plínio Junqueira
Published: April 2023

O artigo responde a duas perguntas: o que Montaigne entende por experiência? Como ele constrói sua ciência de si mesmo com base na experiência? Há diversos tipos de experiência e é preciso compreender como cada tipo permite a construção de sua ciência. Aprende-se da experiência coletiva da prática jurídica pelo contraexemplo; da experiência interna da alma pelo exemplo tomado a contrapelo; e, por fim, pelo exemplo da experiência pura, aprendem-se as regras para a saúde corporal.
“Capitular” com seu rei para defender sua “seureté”: os protestantes franceses e seu soberano face às provações das guerras civis (anos 1560-1570)
Authors: Souriac Pierre-Jean , Vargas Thiago
Published: April 2023

Surge, a partir das guerras civis entre católicos e protestantes na França, um debate sobre a legitimidade da decisão política. Do lado protestante, o medo do massacre, a afirmação pública de sua fé e a ambição de convencer o príncipe levaram a negociações numa relação política próxima do contrato, de uma “capitulação” com o soberano. Esse processo é associado à literatura monarcômaca, mas espelha ainda mais uma reflexão sobre o equilíbrio político da monarquia.
A sociedade dos ateus segundo Pierre Bayle: uma experiência de pensamento?
Authors: Delpla Isabelle , Novaes Adriana
Published: April 2023

Seria a conjectura de uma sociedade de ateus, de Pierre Bayle, uma experiência de pensamento liberal, visando separar política e religião? Uma tal interpretação pode se apoiar sobre a relativa proximidade do texto com a Fábula das Abelhas de Mandeville. Ela é, porém, errônea: aquela conjectura baseia-se em um método cético, histórico e crítico que desafia o princípio mesmo das experiências de pensamento. Tampouco a separação do religioso e do político se basearia em uma argumentação liberal.
Teoria e história da liberdade em Leonardo Bruni
Authors: Baggioni Laurent , Novaes Adriana
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo lança luz sobre as flutuações semânticas do termo “liberdade” na obra de Leonardo Bruni, buscando nuançar sua apreensão por parte da tradição anglófona de pensamento político conhecida como neorrepublicanismo. A partir da análise conceitual e estilística de diversas passagens centrais da obra do autor florentino, o artigo visa retornar aos usos e significados da palavra “liberdade” em Bruni, colocando a questão da relação entre um âmbito de utilização “teórica” e um âmbito de utilização histórica ou narrativa.
O nascimento do republicanismo moderno na obra de Leonardo Bruni
Authors: Cardoso Sérgio
Published: April 2023

O artigo tenta mostrar que para além das duas vertentes do comentário atual da obra de Leonardo Bruni (seu afastamento da verdade histórica ou seu caráter puramente retórico e instrumental posto a serviço dos interesses político-econômicos da oligarquia florentina), é necessário igualmente considerar sua função e performance político-ideológica, seja em relação ao público de sua cidade, seja no que concerne às ideias, valores e ideais assumidos por nossa modernidade política. Não obstante seu profundo enraizamento na tradição republicana vinda da Antiguidade – notadamente tomada a Cícero e Aristóteles – sua obra marca o momento do nascimento do republicanismo moderno, interessado antes de tudo nas formas político-institucionais, participativas e igualitárias, das sociedades democráticas.
COSIS Request for an Advisory Opinion: A Poisoned Apple for the ITLOS?
Authors: Miron Alina
Published: April 2023

The request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS) to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is part of a larger movement of strategic litigation in relation to climate change, essentially led by civil society. However, the seisin and the questions submitted revive debates on the Tribunal’s advisory jurisdiction. In the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission Advisory Opinion, the ITLOS found that its advisory jurisdiction is based on the ITLOS Statute and on an external agreement with provisions for that purpose. However, the conditions for its exercise remain obscure. The COSIS request raises the thorny issue of the compatibility of the external agreement with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, in particular in light of Article 311. The authority of the Tribunal’s opinion depends largely on its care in addressing these difficulties head on.
Reimagining the Procedural Aspects of Part XV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Mossop Joanna
Published: April 2023

This article explores the question: ‘what would/should Part XV look like if it were to be negotiated today?’ Part XV, on dispute settlement, has played an important role in resolving issues including the interpretation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). Many procedural issues have arisen in these disputes, including those relating to jurisdiction and admissibility. In large part, the system has proven robust, although some tinkering with Part XV processes might be appropriate. Larger scale reforms might include clear instructions on the ability of International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea to consider requests for advisory opinions. Finally, the article considers whether dispute settlement processes in the World Trade Organization or human rights institutions may hold lessons for the LOSC.
The Hidden Costs of Unaccompanied Child Migration
Authors: Digidiki Vasileia , Bhabha Jacqueline
Published: April 2023

Dramatic reductions in refugee resettlement numbers, restrictions on asylum access and growing externalisation of humanitarian protection have significantly curtailed legal migration pathways for distress migrants. This continues to be the case despite well-established international legal obligations requiring states to protect humanitarian migrants and afford children, in particular, a series of protective procedures. We argue that unaccompanied child migrants are disproportionately disadvantaged by these restrictive measures because other avenues for legal migration – for work, for family reunification, for educational and cultural activities – are generally not open to them. As restrictions increase, unaccompanied children adopt self-initiated, challenging strategies to pay the significant costs of the journeys they embark on, a departure from more linear, “traditional” trajectories towards safety. This article presents qualitative data collected in Greece, site of the largest European distress migrant arrivals in recent years, to discuss the growing cost of irregular mobility for unaccompanied children and the role that exploitation-funded earning plays in enabling their migrations today.
The Chinese View of the Rights of the Child
Authors: Hämäläinen Juha , Wu Shih-Yun , Zhao Fang
Published: April 2023

This article aims to identify the nature of the interpretation of children’s rights in China. More specifically, it seeks to increase the understanding of the characteristics of the national perspective on children’s rights by examining and analysing the key issues relevant to the Chinese legislation. Using the concept of legal culture, the article offers a hermeneutic analysis of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, in which the Chinese view of the rights of the child is explained in the light of a cultural background. The analysis shows that the Chinese view of the rights of the child is culturally coloured. In particular, the influence of the Confucian conception of family and the corresponding paternalistic social theory can be identified.
Restoring Children’s Right to Education during and after War
Authors: Moodrick-Even Khen Hilly
Published: April 2023

The need to protect children in armed conflicts has become urgent, especially since the 1990s, and is now outstanding in the war in Ukraine. Among the violations against children in Ukraine that were identified by the UN Secretary General in 2005, were attacks on schools and hospitals. This article discusses the question of how the violation of the right to education during armed conflict can be redressed and suggests a mechanism for doing so. It uses the Russia-Ukraine war (2022) as a case study.

The legal protection of children’s rights in armed conflict is facilitated by three branches of international law: international humanitarian law (or the laws of armed conflict); international human rights law; and international criminal law. This article will address the first two as well as, in a more limited way, the law of refugees.

The article discusses the significance of the child’s right to education. It provides empirical data on how this right is jeopardised during armed conflicts and offers recommendations regarding what the international community can do to secure this right as far as possible during, as well as directly after, armed conflict. The article suggests a mechanism that would involve states parties to the crc, the crc Committee, and the establishment of a trust fund to compensate states that have suffered an armed conflict, and to use the compensation to redress the right to education. This arrangement could be regulated by an additional protocol to the crc. States parties to the crc that ratified the additional protocol would be required to contribute to the fund (according to a socio-economic index). States parties subjected to armed conflicts would be permitted to use the trust funds primarily if they proved they were compliant (before the eruption of the conflict) with their treaty obligations to secure the right to education according to the Concluding Observations of the crc Committee. There could also be exceptions, depending on the specific circumstances of each case. This mechanism would be advantageous in that it would use the already-existing crc Committee and the expertise and experience of its members and would also increase the accountability of states parties to the crc for their treaty obligations. In this way, it would also tackle a larger problem: the difficulty of imposing states’ accountability for their obligations under human rights law treaties.
International Relocation Disputes and the Risk of Cultural Bias in Family Law Matters
Authors: Strous Martin
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses how judges and forensic experts can reach culturally biased decisions in family relocation matters, potentially compromising the best interests of children involved. The risk of reports and judgments being biased is particularly pronounced when cultural factors are focused upon selectively, while other relevant factors are overlooked. To mitigate this potential for cultural bias, several strategies are proposed. These include encouraging self-awareness in forensic experts and judges of their potential for bias, implementing a system of peer review in which decisions are reviewed by colleagues, providing a mandatory checklist of factors to be considered, and requiring transparency and accountability in forensic reports and relocation judgements.
Why Attitudes Are Not Character Traits
Authors: Baston René
Published: April 2023

In social psychology, explicit and implicit attitudes play an important role for behavior prediction and explanation. Edouard Machery claims that attitudes are not mental states but dispositional character traits. The goal of this article is to show that this conceptualization of attitudes comes with two weaknesses: first, the author will show that if attitudes are traits, they are unmeasurable, or if we assume that a part of the trait is measurable, then we do not need the trait-picture, because then the classic attitude-picture is sufficient. Second, it is unclear how the trait-picture leads to attitudes that explain behavior.
Explaining Visual Shape–Taste Crossmodal Correspondences
Authors: Spence Charles
Published: April 2023

A growing body of experimental research now demonstrates that neurologically normal individuals associate different taste qualities with design features such as curvature, symmetry, orientation, texture and movement. The form of everything from the food itself through to the curvature of the plateware on which it happens to be served, and from glassware to typeface, not to mention the shapes of/on food product packaging have all been shown to influence people’s taste expectations, and, on occasion, also their taste/food experiences. Although the origins of shape–taste and other form–taste crossmodal correspondences have yet to be fully worked out, it would appear that shape qualities are occasionally elicited directly. However, more often, there may be a metaphorical attempt to translate the temporal qualities of taste sensations into a spatial analogue. At the same time, emotional mediation may sometimes also play a role in the affinity people experience between shape properties and taste. And finally, it should be acknowledged that associative learning of the relation between packaging shapes, glassware shapes, logos, labels and iconic food forms that commonly co-occur with specific taste properties (i.e., in the case of branded food products) may also play an important role in determining the nature of shape–taste correspondences. Ultimately, however, any attempt to use such shape–taste correspondences to nudge people’s behaviour/perception in the real world is made challenging due to the fact that shape properties are associated with multiple qualities, and not just taste.
The Scribe Narrates – The Art of Ara Oshagan
Authors: Tchalian Adriana
Published: April 2023

Photographer and installation artist Ara Oshagan examines diaspora and displacement, in his solo exhibit, How the World Might Be (2022). Oshagan’s visual vernacular explores Armenian identity, especially as it relates to the subject of indigeneity. Taking his cue from contemporary art – a mix of disparate styles, genres, and media – Oshagan constructs a hybridized model of native Armenian identity, one that is an eclectic mix of peoples, places, and cultures. Consequently, he formulates a new genus of Armenian through his art, much the same way contemporary art mixes dissimilar elements to create a novel art form.
Epidendrum petacaense, a new species of Orchidaceae from Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: HÁGSATER ERIC , DUARTE SALINAS JULIAN , JIMÉNEZ MACHORRO ROLANDO , PÍO-LEÓN JUAN F. , MILLÁN OTERO MANUEL G.
Published: April 2023

A new, unusual species of the Epidendrum anisatum group, Epidendrum petacaense is described from the extreme northern range of this genus, and is illustrated in full color, and compared with some of the closely related species: E. anisatum, E. vandifolium, and E. lowilliamsii. Photographs in parallel are presented for the four species in a figure to facilitate comparisons. With other recent discoveries, the total count for the genus Epidendrum is 127 species and two natural hybrids in Mexico.
Ultrastructure of four Surirella taxa (Bacillariophyceae) from Qinghai Province, northwest China, with reference to the characteristics of portulae
Authors: LONG JI-YAN , LIU BING , RIOUAL PATRICK , YANG BIN , ZHOU MIN
Published: April 2023

During our investigations on the freshwater diatoms from Qinghai Province, China, four sympatric Surirella taxa belonging to the group Pinnatae were analysed. Based on morphological observations derived from light and scanning electron microscopy, three of these four taxa were identified as: S. minuta, S. lacrimula, and S. brebissonii var. kuetzingii. The fourth taxon is described as Surirella liubingii sp. nov., a new species with a unique combination of characteristics. These include the distribution pattern of its costa-stria bundles (CSBs) alternating with its over-fibula costae (OFCs), which is formed by the distinctly elevated CSBs on the valve face, mostly composed of three costae, and OFCs with a remarkedly lower position. Other characteristics include the presence of robust fibulae extending to the valve midline, the presence of only one portula between two adjacent fibulae, and a “pseudoseptum” extending internally from the valve margin. From the observations on these four Surirella taxa, we described and discussed two types of fibula (one in which the fibula nearly reaches the valve midline and one with short fibula) and two types of portula morphology (one with only one portula between two adjacent fibulae and the other with 2–4 portulae between two adjacent fibulae).