bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ON THE PROCESSOR PROCESSING POWER
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Andreev I. A. , Ivanov A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Petrov R. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: December 2024

The development of radiophysical research systems, for example, in the field of radio astronomy,
requires significant technical resources, including the computing power of processors used in equipment for
processing the spectra of the studied signals. The use of electronic computing machines to solve this problem,
in turn, forces us to consider their energy and computing capacities. Energy harvesting devices used for local
power supply of radiophysical systems have capacity limitations, which imposes limitations on computing
power. Accordingly, studying the parameters of the central processor, including performance, is a relevant
task. This article analyzes the processor speed based on various characteristics, such as clock speed, number
of cores, cache memory and others. The possibilities for determining the optimal parameters to achieve
maximum processor performance when performing various tasks are shown. A method of comparative
analysis of processors from different manufacturers and models using specialized software is proposed. The
results obtained in the work will further allow us to determine the most effective approaches to improve the
performance of computer systems.
VIOLATION OF THE TAYLOR RATIO IN IRRADINATED METALS
Authors:   Galkin Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, Malashenko V. V.
Published: December 2024

The motion of an edge dislocation ensemble in an irradiated metal under high strain rate deformation
is theoretically analyzed. Within the framework of the theory of dynamic interaction of defects (DID) an
analytical expression for the dependence of the dynamic yield stress on the dislocation density is obtained.
The conditions for violation of the Taylor relation under high strain rate deformation of irradiated metal are
determined. The resulting dependence on the dislocation density is nonmonotonic and has a minimum. The
minimum of this dependence is due to the competition between the influence of structural defects of various
types on the moving dislocation ensemble. It occurs during the transition from the dominance of drag by
dislocation loops to the dominance of drag by immobile dislocations.
EVALUATION OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF THE ORIENTATION AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH STRUCTURAL REDUNDANCY
Authors:   JSC «ECICARUS», Pavlov D. V. , Telina I. S. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Samuilova K. D. ,   JSC «ECICARUS»
Published: December 2024

. This article discusses an approach to the construction of inertial orientation and navigation systems
using structural redundancy. The structural redundancy of the inertial module is achieved by installing an
excessive number of primary information sensors the sensitivity axes of which are non-orthogonal to each
other. This approach to building an orientation and navigation system increases its reliability, accuracy and
fault tolerance. An example of a technical solution for a small-sized inertial orientation and navigation system
with structural redundancy based on a MEMS accelerometer, a MEMS gyroscope and a magnetometer for
aviation applications is given. A mathematical model and algorithm for processing the output signals of an
orientation and navigation system with structural redundancy are presented. The evaluation of the comparison
of the accuracy of orientation and navigation systems with and without structural redundancy was performed.
ACCOUNTING FOR EXPOSURE TIME WITH TWO-POINT CORRECTION OF FIXED PATTERN NOISE OF A MATRIX PHOTODETECTOR
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Kornyshev N. P.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the issues of eliminating the geometric noise of infrared matrix sensors, which
is still an urgent task related to the need to detect low-contrast objects in the video surveillance field against
the background of fluctuating noise and deterministic interference. The compensatory method
of combating geometric noise is considered in detail, in particular, the so-called two-point correction based on
the preliminary factory calibration of the matrix sensor at a fixed exposure time. Changing the exposure time
of the matrix sensor in the process of informative illumination in relation to the exposure time used
at the calibration stage leads to a compensation error, which manifests itself in the form of fine-grained noise
in the image. In this regard, the methods of geometric noise compensation, taking into account possible changes in the exposure time of the matrix sensor during informative illumination, considered in the article, are
of practical interest to developers of this class of equipment. The article discusses in sufficient detail
the features of accounting for exposure time from the point of view of the influence of additive (caused
by uneven thermal emission in the elements of the matrix sensor) and multiplicative (caused by uneven
sensitivity of the elements of the matrix sensor) components of geometric noise, and the results of computer
modeling are presented, recommendations for use are given.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF THE TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER VIA RS-232 INTERFACE
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Rumiantsev D. V. , Petrov M. N. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: December 2024

The article discusses methods for improving the quality of communication in information interaction
between devices through the RS-232 data transmission interface by adding HDL logic using the System
Verilog hardware description language. The serial interface itself is described in detail, including its operating
principle, data packet structure, connection methods with pinout assignments, and an example of message
transmission using the specified interface in graphical representation. The results of testing the modified
receiver version in the ModelSim environment are presented, using a multiple sampling method to capture
data from the transmission line and check for false signals indicating the start of packet transmission, since
transmission in the RS-232 interface is performed without synchronized clocking. Experimentally, the optimal
time interval for capturing data during signal level establishment was identified. The article also details the
modifications made to the receiver and transmitter modules by adding a reset variable that acts as a cycle counter for the receive/send message operation. Additionally, it explains why a transmission speed of 115200
bits per second is popular among industrial and laboratory equipment. The method for obtaining the divider
value to set a specialized data transmission speed via the serial interface is described, along with the
configuration of the UART chip using configuration registers.
PRINCIPLES OF RELATIVISTIC MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Zakharov A. Yu. , Zakharov M. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Zubkov V. V. ,   Tver State University
Published: December 2024

A relativistic dynamic theory of a system of interacting atoms is constructed based on the concept of an
auxiliary field. Variational formulation of problems of relativistic molecular dynamics. An exact closed relativistic
system of equations is obtained that describes the evolution of the system of atoms and the auxiliary field. An
analysis of the qualitative properties of solutions to the system dynamics equations has been carried out.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION KINETICS OF STRUCTURES OF NICKEL ALLOYS Х30Н60М9 AND Х23Н65М13 ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF TENSILE TESTS
Authors:   LLC "PROMDETAL", A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhailov D. L. , Ermishkin V. A. ,   A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Minina N. A. ,   A. A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The relationship between the kinetics of deformation and internal stresses of samples of singlephase nickel alloys X30N60M9 and X23N65M13, formed during tensile deformation, has been studied. It has
been established that one of the indicators that determines and characterizes the structural state is the
indicator of the strain hardening coefficient – θ (θ=dσ/dɛ). Using photometric methods, the structural state of
the samples was assessed. It was determined by theory and confirmed by experiment that the structural state
of the X30N60M9 alloy sample is more stable, for identical test conditions.
PIEZOELECTRIC PHASE EFFECT ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN LAYERED STRUCTURES: A REVIEW
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Saplev A. F. , Petrov V. M. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: December 2024

The article presents a review of the external electric field effect on the magnetic resonance spectrum
in layered ferrite-piezoelectric structures. It is shown that in symmetric structures, an electrically induced shift
of the magnetic resonance line is observed without line broadening. In antisymmetric structures, an
inhomogeneous line broadening takes place, while a line shift is not observed. In the general case, a shift of
the resonance line and its broadening are observed. For the different layered structures, the optimum
component thickness ratios are determined to obtain the maximal values of the resonance line shift and
broadening. The magnetoelectric (ME) effect in the magnetoacoustic resonance region is also considered. In
this case, the use of a piezoelectric bimorph layer makes it possible to observe a giant ME effect at overlaying
the magnetic resonance frequency and electromechanical resonance higher modes frequencies.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF A BIMETALLIC COMPOUND OF CARBON AND AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCED BY ELECTRIC ARC SURFACING
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Shlyakhova G. V. , Orlova D. V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Nemlienko T. S. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Sorokov N. N. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS
Published: December 2024

The structure and mechanical properties of a bimetallic joint obtained by electric arc surfacing of
high-alloy stainless steel onto carbon steel were investigated. Metallographic studies and microhardness
measurements have shown that a decarburized layer is formed on the carbon steel side, a high-strength white
martensitic area on the stainless-steel side, and a layer with a large proportion of the carbide component is
observed directly at the fusion boundary. Subsequent heating to 950°C with a holding time of 1 hour leads to
an improvement in the stress-strain state of the deposited metal, but an increase in microhardness is observed
in the martensitic region near the fusion boundary. To obtain optimal characteristics, it is necessary to reduce
the annealing temperature and increase its duration.
Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Evaluating Environmental and Operational Impacts
Authors: İlhan Caner
Published: December 2024

Between 2013 and 2018, commercial aviation saw a 70% increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, significantly outpacing United Nations projections. This alarming trend is anticipated to continue, with emissions potentially tripling by 2050, driven by economic expansion and an increasing dependence on fossil fuels. In 2022, the aviation industry’s energy consumption reached 12.1 MJ/RTK, with projections forecasting a 2.8 to 3.9-fold increase by 2040. Without a strategic shift towards sustainable alternatives, aviation emissions are expected to reach 2,000 megatons by mid-century, posing a severe threat to global climate stability. This study emphasizes the urgent need for the aviation sector to adopt high-energy, reliable alternative fuels that can mitigate its environmental impact. A comprehensive evaluation and comparison of potential alternative fuels are presented, focusing on their energy densities, production processes, and environmental footprints. The research highlights the potential of these alternatives to meet the industry’s energy demands while significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Technological advancements in fuel production and aircraft propulsion are also explored, underscoring their role in achieving meaningful emissions reductions. The study argues that integrating sustainable practices and fostering innovation within the aviation sector are critical for ensuring its long-term sustainability and resilience. By transitioning to alternative fuels and embracing new technologies, the aviation industry can not only address its environmental challenges but also lead the way in global efforts to combat climate change and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
Application of Material Recovery Facility (MRF) model in the context of Community-based Waste Management – A study in Cham Island, Hoi An City, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Phu Song Toan , Le Dinh Cuong , Nguyen My Quynh
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of material recovery facility (MRF) in dealing with problems of solid waste management systems, reducing solid waste generation, and raising awareness among residents in Cu Lao Cham island (CLC). Additionally, perception of islanders toward operation and development of MRF was also assessed. Literature review was conducted to have general understanding on status of MRF operation. Waste flow analysis was performed to illustrate waste flow of MRF by scenarios. In-depth interviews, observation, and questionnaire survey were applied to gain deep social insights into operation and potential for expansion of MRF. The results denoted that MRF recovered 51.41 kg of solid waste per day, accounting for 1.75% of the total MSW generated from households in CLC. Products from MRF, environmental effectiveness, the effectiveness of education and information publicity, and social cooperation had statistically significant effects on the participation of habitants in the operation and development of MRF. The MRFs will reduce 5.5% and 16% of the total domestic waste to Eo Gio in 2025 and 2028. The MRF was expected to attain financial independence from around 2025. Results from this study were scientific bases for managers, planners, policy-makers and other stakeholders for management and development of MRF not only in CLC but also other islands in developing countries.
Buried giants, hot memories: Kazuo Ishiguro's misty vision of post-arthurian britain
Authors: Greig Adelaide
Published: December 2024

In his 2015 novel, The Buried Giant, Kazuo Ishiguro uses an early medieval setting; the action begins in the decades after King Arthur’s death and centres around a deep grudge between the resident Britons and encroaching Saxons. The landscape of Ishiguro’s post-Arthurian Britain is vague and featureless, an intentional choice by the author for presenting an exploration of societal conflict and cultural memory that is untethered to contemporary politics or recently remembered history. This article argues that Ishiguro’s perception of early medieval Britain is a product of the same processes of memory and forgetting that are played out within the novel itself. I read
the mist of amnesia that issues forth from the aging dragon Querig as a supernatural literalising of Jan Assmann’s theory of ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ historical consciousness. This fantastical exploration of cultural memory occurs within a ‘cold’ and removed Arthurian Britain, which supports the extremely ‘hot’ discussion of embedded cultural animosities. Ishiguro’s misty vision of Britain is thus multi-layered, with the forgotten past of Arthur existing both in the text and the modern view of the ‘Dark Ages’ as lost to time. His critically acclaimed portrayal of early medieval Britain provides a
compelling example of how this period can be remembered, and forgotten, within 21st-century fiction.
ALT-EJ GENERA REARREGLOS CROMOSÓMICOS EN RESPUESTA A ETOPÓSIDO EN CÉLULAS HUMANAS CON LOS PRINCIPALES SISTEMAS DE REPARACIÓN DE RUPTURAS DE DOBLE CADENA COMPROMETIDOS
Authors: Kramar J. , Palmitelli M. , De Campos-Nebel M. , González-Cid M.
Published: December 2024

The antitumor drug Etoposide (ETO) induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and is associated with the development of secondary neoplasms in treated patients. DSB are repaired by two main mechanisms, homologous recombination (HR) and classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ). When HR and c-NHEJ are defective, DSB are repaired by the PARP-1-dependent alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) pathway. The involvement of alt-EJ in the progression of DSB induced by ETO in the G2 phase of human cells was analyzed. HeLa cells deficient in HR (cohesin RAD21 inhibition, HeLa RAD21kd) and their non-silencing control (HeLa NS) were established. Cells were treated with ETO in the presence of a chemical inhibitor of DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKi, c-NHEJ). In both cell lines, ETO-induced DSB (γH2AX+) in G2 phase were increased compared to their controls. The incorrect repair of DSB in DNA-PKcs- and RAD21-deficient cells caused a synergistic augment in chromatid exchanges and dicentric chromosomes in the first and second metaphase, respectively. In contrast, the frequency of dicentric chromosomes was reduced in PARP-1-deficient cells (HeLa PARP-1kd) following ETO treatment. In HeLa RAD21kd binucleated cells, DNA-PKi/ETO increased the percentage of cells with ≥20 γH2AX foci in the G1-postmitotic phase and of micronuclei at 96 h. A greater accumulation in G2/M was observed in HeLa NS treated with DNA-PKi/ETO compared with HeLa RAD21kd at 8 h. The cell cycle restarted in HeLa NS at 16 h; however, the G2/M accumulation was maintained in HeLa RAD21kd. Chromosomal rearrangements obtained when DNA-PKcs and RAD21 were absent and their decrease in HeLa PARP-1kd cells suggest that alt-EJ contributes to their formation.

Key words: chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle, cohesin, double-strand breaks, DNA repair pathways
PRENATALLY DIAGNOSED PARTIAL TRISOMY 3Q22.2→3QTER,
PARTIAL MONOSOMY 11Q25→11QTER AND INTERSTITIAL DELETION
10Q25.1-10Q25.2: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Della Vedova M.C. , Gancia M.D. , Mendoza G.V. , Barrasa N.F. , Bravo R. , Losada D. , Siewert S. , Marsá S.M.
Published: December 2024

A 19-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to our ultrasound department at 20.4 weeks of gestation. Prenatal sonography identified a fetus with trigonocephaly, an omphalocele protruding out of the abdominal wall, on the right side of the umbilical cord, that contained the liver and bowel, claw hand and bot foot. Amniocentesis revealed an unbalanced chromosome constitution 46,XX,der(11)t(3,11)(q22.2,q24.3) resulting in a deletion of 11q24.3 to 11qter and a duplication of 3q22.2 to 3qter product of a “de novo imbalanced translocation”; the parents’ karyotypes were normal. The chromosome microarray results for the proband revealed a 63.07 Mb duplication in the chromosome 3 located at 3q22.2 to terminal 3q29; a 4.08 Mb deletion in the chromosome 11 located at 11q25, and a 5.66 Mb loss in the chromosome 10 located at 10q25.1 to 10q25.2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this combination of chromosomal abnormalities.

Key words: amniocentesis, chromosome microarray, deletion 10q, deletion 11q, duplication 3q.
MICROSOMÍA CRANEOFACIAL, UN RECUENTO ACTUALIZADO
Authors: Valencia-Pérez A. , Quintero-Orozco M.
Published: December 2024

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a complex congenital condition that affects approximately one in 5,000 live births. It was initially described by Carl Ferdinand Von Arlt in 1881, and over time, various synonymous terms have been used to refer to this condition. The pathophysiology of CFM revolves around the disruption of embryonic craniofacial development, primarily stemming from abnormalities in the first and second pharyngeal arches. Both genetic and non-genetic factors play a role in impacting the development of the ear and jaw. These factors encompass a range of elements, including: variants of transcription factors responsible for neural crest cell migration and patterning, chromatin modifiers, growth factors and their receptors, DNA pre-replication complexes, ribosome assembly, and the spliceosome. Although there is currently a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity, it is still necessary to continue with more specific research on the related etiological factors. The aim of this review is to compile the most pertinent genetic factors associated with craniofacial microsomia as reported in the last decade.

Key words: Craneofacial Microsomial, CFM, Genetic Factors, Hemifacial Microsomia, Pharyngeal Arch
OMICS: A NEW VISION FOR BREAST CANCER TREATMENT
Authors: Salvatierra A. , Díaz-Baena D. , Güven Ö. , Ruiz-Serrano E.
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease with diverse morphologies, molecular characteristics, and clinical behaviour whose causes include interactions of both genetic and environmental factors. Currently, more than 2,261,419 cases and 684,996 deaths are reported each year worldwide and although great strides have been made, available treatments are inadequate for its most intractable forms. Therefore, knowing the associated molecular bases is essential to improve the prognosis and survival. The omics are high performance technologies utilized to quantify cellular components at a large scale. In this regard, this article presents genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic research on breast cancer, in an attempt to understand and identify potential therapeutic molecular targets.

Key words: breast cancer, genomics, epigenomics, nutrigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics
INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AND DIETARY HABITS ON THE CYTOME ASSAY BIOMARKERS IN LYMPHOCYTES AND BUCCAL EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM A GROUP OF ARGENTINE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Martínez Perafán F. , Casciaro S. , López Nigro M.M. , Carballo M.A.
Published: December 2024

The use of the cytome assay in monitoring studies on children has increased in recent years. For this reason, it is necessary to know the role of possible confounding factors that could affect its outcomes. The objective was to evaluate the influence of some demographic variables and diet on the baseline values of the cytome assay biomarkers in lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells from a group of Argentine adolescents. Following the calculation of the biomarkers, a multivariate regression analysis including confounders was performed. In lymphocytes it was observed that micronuclei (MNi) had a negative association with a moderate consumption of roots and tubers, while the number of nuclear buds (NBUDs) was higher in minors not exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS). Regarding epithelial cells, MNi had a negative relationship with the intake of tropical fruits and red meat; on the contrary, this parameter increased with the moderate ingestion of legumes. In addition, oral NBUDs had a positive association with citrus and red meat consumption, whereas cereals and oil decreased its frequency. Furthermore, an increased number of binucleated cells was observed for adolescents who ate white meat and an increase in pyknotic cells for those exposed to SHS. These results revealed that in adolescents the baseline level of the cytome assay biomarkers, especially of those related to genotoxicity, can be influenced by exogenous variables, for instance, dietary habits. Thus, such factors need to be considered when carrying out biomonitoring studies on child populations.

Key words: baseline values, CBMN-cyt, confounding factors, individual food preferences, young population
Перехід до Модерну як трансформація інтеракцій
Authors: Proleiev Serhii
Published: December 2024

Стаття присвячена важливому ракурсу розгляду генезису модерну, а саме – трансформації режиму інтеракцій, себто тих смислових диспозицій та презумпцій, які уможливили модерні форми життєдіяльності. Ключовим теоретичним поняттям для цього є порядок дійсності та місце людини у ньому. Середньовічний режим інтеракцій ґрунтований на розумінні дійсності як Божого творіння, що надає всім взаємодіям сакральний сенс. Відповідно людське життя розгортається в перспективі потойбічної долі душі; водночас практика «уподібнення Христу» стає визначальною інтенцією всіх відношень християнина. У переході до модерного режиму інтеракцій вирішальну роль відіграв процес секуляризації. Виокремлюються дві основні форми (та етапи) цього процесу – ренесансна секуляризація християнського світогляду, здійснена ренесансним гуманізмом, та протестантська секуляризація положення людської особи в суспільстві. У механізмі гуманістичної секуляризації світогляду головну роль відіграли дві фундаментальні редукції: по-перше, редукція різноякісного, телеологічно визначеного провидінням і, відповідно, ієрархізованого світового ладу до гомогенного натурального порядку речей, концептуалізованого у вигляді «природи»; по-друге, редукція людини як «вінця творіння» із центральним місцем у світовій драмі (що передбачало сувору вписаність у сакральний порядок) до людини в її вихідному християнському значенні «образа і подоби Божої», що тягло за собою універсалізацію способу людського буття у вигляді свободи. Механізм секуляризації соціального життя особи, здійсненої Реформацією, розкрито на основі Лютерової критики церковних догм та канонів. Показано, як Лютер спростовує всевладдя церкви та кліру, спираючись на три свої віросповідні принципи: sola fide (тільки вірою), sola scriptura (тільки Писання), sola gratia (тільки милість Божа). Здійснений аналіз показує два парадокси генезису модерного режиму інтеракцій: секуляризацію середньовічного світогляду ренесансні гуманісти засновують на класичних християнських ідеях розуміння людини і творення світу, а рух релігійного фундаменталізму, яким була Реформація, дезавуював універсальну роль церкви у житті та устрої суспільства.
Ціна рецепції: націоналізований прагматизм
Authors: Yosypenko Oxana
Published: December 2024

Рецепція прагматизму у Франції є однією з історій, яку важко пояснити із суто теорійного, екзегетичного погляду, що зосереджується на аналізі філософських ідей авторів текстів і учасників дискусій. Прагматизм мав великий резонанс у Франції на початку XX ст. і потім інтерес до нього практично зник. Він знов нагадав про себе у 1980-х роках, завдяки зверненню до нього французьких представників аналітичної філософії, проте цей інтерес так і не забезпечив йому тривалої присутності у французькій філософській культурі. Французьку рецепцію прагматизму неможливо зрозуміти без реконструкції контексту – не лише теорійного, а й політичного, ідеологічного та інтелектуального, який відігравав визначальну роль у сприйнятті та оцінюванні цього напряму. Реконструкція цих контекстів з їхніми структурними опозиціями дала нам змогу пояснити чисельні парадокси рецепції прагматизму: його не-лінійну кар’єру, успіх, жваві дискусії, а потім забуття; визначення його як оновленого раціоналізму та, одночасно, як небезпечного, загрозливого ірраціоналізму; як ресурсу «нової філософії» та, водночас, як загрози національному інтересу, втіленому раціоналізмом і картезіанством; вписування його одночасно в неорілегійній рухи та в рухи підтримки демократії тощо. Контекстуальний аналіз рецепції прагматизму дав нам змогу побачити рецепцію як складний феномен міжкультурної і міжнаціональної взаємодії.
Епістемічна обмеженість великих мовних моделей
Authors: Mayevsky Alexander
Published: December 2024

Усім відомі реалізації діалогових генеративних великих мовних моделей (ВММ) справляють враження. І у цьому – їхнє головне, конструктивно зумовлене завдання. Принцип породження і суть ВММ – ефективна імітація (parroting). Якщо для людини мовлення – це відповідальний осмислений акт, то для ВММ це просто зумовлена, детерміністична дія з приблизного відтворення (відображення) раніше почутого (з привнесеними елементами невизначеності – трюк для різноманітності). Діалогові ВММ відтворюють «підслухані» на етапі навчання «діалоги» (деяку підмножину навчального корпусу символічних послідовностей), керуючись цільовою («об’єктивною») функцією задоволення оператора ВММ. Отже, завданням ВММ насправді є успішне уведення нас у самооману. Зокрема – і щодо епістемічного значення і цінності маніфестованих ними виразів. Останнє являє собою як одне з потенційно найбільш корисних застосувань ВММ, так і, одночасно, одне з найнебезпечніших – тоді, коли очікувана прагматична цінність інтерпретованих нами виразів ВММ значно перевищує виявлене чи припущене нами їх епістемічне значення. Глибоко вкорінене у філософії й гуманітаристиці взагалі переконання у привілейованій локалізації «розумності» в людині і подібних до неї її богах, при спостереженні мовленнєвої поведінки, настільки подібної до людської, веде до абдуктивного метависновку про наявність у ВММ відповідних такій поведінці атрибутів. Проте ВММ як такі не мають безпосереднього доступу до фактів світу, їх моделі (world model) і зворотного зв’язку з ними – це моделі мови, про світ і не тільки. Тому ВММ на етапі експлуатації (висновування), власне, «бачить» і «чує» лише себе: у її контексті немає інструментів для розрізнення між собою і світом, між собою і своїм співбесідником. Змістовна епістемічна цінність та епістемічне значення продуктів генерації ВММ визначаються її користувачем (людиною чи машиною) шляхом так чи інакше осмисленого останнім втручання в процес генерації на основі власного оцінювання і встановлення значення її проміжних результатів. Фундаментальний внутрішній (і, до того ж, стохастичний) когерентизм та знеособленість ВММ уцілому покладають обов’язок інтерпретації їх виводу і наступної перевірки (верифікації та валідації) змісту такої інтерпретації на зовнішнього щодо самої ВММ спостерігача (користувача або оператора). У цьому розумінні ВММ як знеособлені генератори зовнішньо схожих на судження символічних послідовностей є повністю безвідповідальними, а виправданість їх застосування як компонентів будь-яких систем підтримки прийняття високоризикованих рішень залишається принципово сумнівною.
Гібридний менеджмент як соціально-філософська стратегія: прагматизм, моральна рефлексія та адаптація до глобальних викликів
Authors: Kiykov Oleksiy
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджується концепція гібридного менеджменту з точки зору соціально-філософських підходів, які забезпечують не тільки ефективність, але й моральну відповідальність управлінських практик. З огляду на сучасні виклики, такі як війна, глобальні кризи, екологічні та соціальні проблеми, автор акцентує увагу на необхідності переосмислення традиційних управлінських стратегій і впровадження нових підходів, що інтегрують філософські та етичні принципи. Стаття аналізує прагматистський підхід, що базується на ідеях Вільяма Джеймса та Джона Дьюї, які підкреслюють важливість емпіричного досвіду та самоаналізу у процесі прийняття рішень. Використання прагматизму дозволяє створювати гнучкі моделі управління, що сприяють швидкій адаптації до змінних умов і підтримують інновації. У дослідженні розглядається також концепція моральної рефлексії, яка додає етичний вимір до управлінських стратегій, роблячи їх більш стійкими та соціально значущими. Автори, такі як Пейман Таджаллі та Стівен Сегал, пропонують етичну рамку, засновану на ідеях Еммануеля Левінаса про безмежну відповідальність, що дозволяє організаціям поєднувати особисту відповідальність та соціальний контекст у прийнятті рішень. Це підхід, який створює основу для збалансованих управлінських практик, що відповідають як внутрішнім, так і зовнішнім викликам. У статті також розглядаються ідеї Ллойда Санделендса про людину як головний елемент управління, що є важливою противагою суто економічним підходам, і дослідження етичної поведінки менеджерів, проведене Д. Дж. Фріцше та Г. Бекером, яке підкреслює стабільність етичних принципів у різних видах кризових ситуацій. У підсумку автор робить висновок, що гібридний менеджмент повинен орієнтуватися на соціально-філософські елементи, що допомагають створювати стратегії, які поєднують ефективність та етику. Це необхідно для побудови стійких організацій, здатних відповідати сучасним викликам і забезпечувати довгостроковий розвиток через інтеграцію моральної рефлексії, прагматизму та розуміння соціальної відповідальності.
Theological themes of the Millennial Kingdom in the writings of Ellen White
Authors: Kuryliak Bohdan
Published: December 2024

The Millennial Kingdom (Rev. 20) has been a controversial topic in Christian theology, including in the 19th century, when the Seventh-day Adventist Church emerged. One of the founders of the Adventist Church was Ellen White, whose writings play an important role in both the practical life and theology of Adventists. Among the many studies of theological concepts in the writings of Ellen White, the topic of the Millennial Kingdom remains unexplored. This article is the first attempt to identify the theological themes of the millennium in the writings of Ellen White. Analysis shows that White accepted a literal interpretation of the millennium and took a premillennial approach. White adhered to a linear sequential chronology and considered the thousand years and the resurrection to be real events. Her unyielding devotion to premillennial views led her to reject alternative interpretations of this passage, even classifying some as false and potentially harmful to salvation. Ellen White showed three major theological themes in her interpretation of Revelation 20. The first major theological theme concerns the ultimate destiny of mankind. White argued that at the end of the age, there would be a double resurrection of the dead: first for the righteous and second for the wicked. These resurrections differ in the composition of participants, timing, and the nature of the resurrected persons. The second major theological theme is the final judgment, in which God will judge both sinners and the forces of evil, including demons and Satan. For a thousand years, the resurrected righteous will take part in this judgment. The actions of sinners will be evaluated, and their punishment will be determined based on their deeds. Ellen White’s third theological theme of Revelation 20 is the practical life of the Christian. White focused on the need for personal repentance, responsibility, and dedication to God.
The features of cardiomyopathy in AL and ATTR amyloidosis
Authors: Ponomarev B. , Pashayeva K. R. , Feyziyeva N. Y. , Radenska-Lopovok Stefka Gospodinova
Published: December 2024

Amyloidoses are protein misfolding diseases characterized by the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in the interstitium leading to the damage of an affected organ. Cardiac involvement is quite common and results from light chain amyloidosis (AL) or transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), including two subtypes: wild type (ATTRwt) and variant ATTR (ATTRv), which can lead to hereditary cardiac amyloidosis. Heart damage leads to life-threatening cardiomyopathy (CM) with poor prognosis. Besides the alteration of the tissue caused by the deposition of amyloid fibrils, experimental studies reveal some complex molecular mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of amyloid. Although these effects are more prominent and defined in AL amyloidosis, they can also take place in ATTR and somehow affect the disease course. Analyzing the mechanisms on different levels is necessary for understanding of the development of the heart damage and prevention of progression of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of heart lesions and biochemical characteristics of AL and ATTR amyloidosis. This review was performed by searching the PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published until December 2023, using keywords such as “cardiomyopathy”, “AL amyloidosis”, “mass effect”, “cytotoxicity” and “ATTR amyloidosis”. Exclusion criteria included irrelevant articles and duplicates, with selected studies undergoing comprehensive review.
Advancing Autoantibody Detection: A Journey from Conventional to State-of-the-Art Methods
Authors: Acosta-Ampudia Y. , Monsalve D. , Ramirez-Santana Carolina
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of disorders characterized by immune disturbances that cause aberrant B cell and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host1. Autoantibodies are commonly found in individuals with autoimmune diseases. A large number of autoantibodies are directed against intracellular or extracellular targets such as nucleic acids, structural proteins, enzymes, RNA binding proteins, receptors, cytokines, among others2. The detection of these autoantibodies is key to the diagnosis and classification of patients with autoimmune diseases. In addition, some studies have shown that autoantibodies can appear years before the onset of an autoimmune disease; therefore, the detection of these antibodies would serve as early predictors of risk and would also help to choose a possible therapeutic intervention to prevent or delay the disease progression3. Several methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, fixed tissue or cell-based assays, are commonly used for the detection of autoantibodies. Although these technologies are limited in sensitivity, specificity, and sample throughput, therefore, new experimental techniques are continuously developed to discover novel autoantigens involved in autoimmune diseases4. There are several limitations in the detection of autoantibodies, such as sensitivity and specificity, temporal variability in autoantibody levels, technical limitations, subjective interpretation, and lack of standards and quality controls in the tests. Autoantibody tests are only a diagnostic tool and must be used in combination with clinical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis. In this chapter, we will describe the technologies used in the detection of classic and new autoantibodies, exploring the assessment of clinical relevance, accuracy, validation, and possible regulatory requirements as an approved diagnostic test that could be promoted in routine clinical practice.
Ефект на ниски дози йонизиращо лъчение върху геномна нестабилност при пациенти с остеопороза след вертебропластика
Authors: Ivanova I , Staynova A , Hristov H , Ninov Kristian , Hadzhiyska L , Kostova N , Georgieva D , Atanasova M , Zaharieva E , Hristova Rositsa Petrova
Published: December 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ
          Остеопоротичните вертебрални фрактури засягат 1,4 милиона пациента в света годишно. Симптоматичните фрактури се лекуват с минимално инвазивни операции под флуороскопски контрол, в резултат на което пациенти и персонал получават ниски дози на облъчване. Съгласно линейния безпрагов модел (LNT), използван за оценка на радиационен риск от рак, не съществува количество радиация, което да се счита за напълно безопасно.
            Цел: Целта на изследването е оценка  генотоксичното влияние на ниски дози йонираща радиация при пациенти с остеопороза след проведена вертебропластика. Методи: За да постигнем поставената цел, използвахме метод за количествено определяне на двойноверижни разкъсвания в молеклулите на ДНК чрез флуоресцентна микроскопска визуализация на γ-H2AX/53BP1 ДНК репаративни „фокуси“ (ДРФ) в лимфоцити от периферна кръв. Анализът включи 42 пациенти във възрастов диапазон от 60 до 91 години, получили средна кумулативна въздушна керма доза по време на флуороскопия 22,07 mGy в диапазон от 5 до 86,1 mGy. Количеството йонизиращо лъчение, получено от всеки пациент, е в категория ниски дози радиация (≤100 mGy).
            Резултати: След анализ на общо 8200 клетки на пациенти, установихме статистически значимо увеличение в честотата на γ-H2AX/53BP1 ДРФ при пациенти след вертебропластика 1,28 ±0,06 в сравнение с първоначалната им честота преди операцията 0,70 ±0,04 (p<0,0001). Това увеличение не е статистически обвързано с количеството получена кумулативна въздушна керма доза, нито с възрастта на пациентите.
            Заключение: Нашето предварително проучване показва значително увеличение на увреждането на генома след минимално инвазивна оперативна интервенция – вертебропластика, въпреки ниските и много ниски дози, получени по време на флуороскопия. Неправилно поправените двойно-верижни разкъсвания в молекулите на ДНК имат потенциал да се проявят в стабилни хромозомни аберации.
Rituximab treatment for rhupus syndrome: a systematic literature review
Authors: Miladi Saoussen , BEN AYED HIBA , Makhlouf Yasmine , Boussaa Hiba , Zakraoui Leith , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Fazaa Alia , Laatar Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Rhupus is a poorly described and underdiagnosed disease in which features of both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) appear in the same patient. Herein, we present a systematic literature review to analyze the clinical, laboratory and radiological data of all reported rhupus patients treated with rituximab (RTX).
Methods: This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews guidelines. Eligible articles were searched in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. We analyzed cohort studies, case series and case reports.
Results: Four papers were finally selected for analysis. The studies were published between 2012 and 2022. Overall, 29 patients were included. All rhupus patients were previously treated with conventional Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and RTX was the first biologic DMARD prescribed in 22 patients. A significant reduction in mean the 28 Disease-activity-score (DAS28) from baseline to the end of follow-up was observed in all the studies. Mean DAS28 decreased from 5.65 to 3.65. The clinical activity of SLE was evaluated in 2 studies using The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Overall, mean SLEDAI decreased from 6.05 at baseline to 2.66 at the end of follow-up Based on the ultrasonographic (US) disease activity assessment performed one study, US count scores progressively reduced, indicating that a US response was sustained after RTX treatment. Overall, only two severe adverse events were noted.
Conclusion: In the light of this literature systematic review, RTX seems to be effective and safe in rhupus syndrome.
Ankylosing spondylitis – a rare cause of AA amyloidosis with renal and cardiovascular alterations
Authors: Ivanova Alexandrina , Kotseva Viktoria , Koleva Neli , Genov Diyan , Ananiev Julian , Kalinkova Ivana , Kundurdjiev Atanas , Marinova Cvetelina , Nikolova Milena Krasimirova
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a relatively rare chronic inflammatory condition that affects axial spine and extraarticular structures – the eyes, the skin, the lung, the kidney, etc. AS is more common in males and the majority of patients are HLAB27 positive. The most common clinical manifestations of AS are chronic persistent pain and stiffness in the axial spine and sacroiliac joints and enthesitis. The chronic inflammation of articular and periarticular structures can lead to the development of secondary (AA) amyloidosis with deposition of amyloid beta-fibrils in parenchymal organs – the kidney, the heart, the skin and in periarticular spaces. We present a 78-year-old male patient with more than 30 years history of ankylosing spondylitis and systemic (AA) amyloidosis.
CLINICAL CASE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE
Authors: Reshkova Valentina Simeonova
Published: December 2024

We present a patient with 5 years Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), dementia the type of Alzheimer and clininical symptoms of neurodegenerative disease (Parcinson's). The history of patient proceeds with progression and overlap of clinical characteristics of systemic and neurodegenerative disease. Combined treatment for systhemic and neurological disease is important for clinical improvement of these patients.
A case report of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis induced by checkpoint inhibitor treatment
Authors: Boyadzhieva Vladimira , Popova Yoana , Milusheva Y , Doncheva – Dilova Jaklin , Emin Soner , Stoilov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

Malignant melanoma occurs for only 1% of all skin neoplasms, but is characterized by the most aggressive clinical course and the lowest 5-year survival rate.  Even after radical resection of patients in the non-metastatic stage, there is an increased risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Advances in molecular biology have aided the development of innovative targeted- and immunotherapies that have greatly improved patient prognosis. Among them is the suppression of the immune response through the expression of the transmembrane protein PD-L1 on the surface of neoplastic cells. Nivolumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (so-called immune "check point" inhibitors), first-line treatment in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and also used as an adjuvant treatment in patients at high risk of relapse, which is associated with PD-1 and therefore supports the inhibited T-cell immune response. This in turn leads to the risk of various autoimmune life-threatening adverse reactions. In clinical studies, immune-related adverse events of various degrees and severity have been described with the use of anti-PD-1 antibodies - immune-mediated colitis, pneumonitis, nephritis, hepatitis, dermatitis, arthritis, myositis, vasculitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, eosinophilic fasciitis and scleroderma. In rheumatology practice, the most frequently described cases of arthritis occur after a different period of time from the start of Nivolumab therapy. The specific mechanisms of the onset of immune-mediated arthritis in anti-PD-1 antibody therapy are not fully understood, but an overlapping pathogenesis with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis is suggested – PD-1 expression in the synovial fluid is a proven regulator of the T-cell immune response and is a possible future target for immunomodulatory therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We present a clinical case of a 52-year-old patient who developed RA following Nivolumab treatment. After temporarily discontinuation of Nivolumab, Methotrexate therapy was started and the patient showed a good clinical response after 3 months and reached minimal disease activity.
Features of Managing the Credit Portfolio of Banking Institutions During Wartime
Authors: Buhel Yuliia
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the features of managing the credit portfolios of Ukrainian banking institutions during wartime, focusing on the impact of macroeconomic instability and rising credit risks on banks' lending activities. The study reviews key theoretical approaches to credit risk management, such as the KMV model and liquidity theory, as well as practical aspects of portfolio diversification and cluster analysis of credit portfolios. A coefficient analysis of the Ukrainian banking sector from 2015 to 2023 is conducted to assess the effectiveness of credit portfolio management during the war.
The aim of the study is to analyze the specific features of managing the credit portfolios of Ukrainian banking institutions during wartime, evaluate the effectiveness of managerial decisions aimed at minimizing credit risks, and identify the main factors affecting banks' lending activity during the period of martial law.
Methodology. The research employs general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis for assessing macroeconomic risks, coefficient analysis to examine the state of bank lending, and comparative methods to evaluate the effectiveness of various risk management approaches.
Results. The study reveals that the war significantly affects the quality of bank assets and borrowers' creditworthiness, leading to an increase in non-performing loans. Asset diversification and credit policy optimization are proposed as tools to minimize risks in crisis conditions.