bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atomic origin of the coexistence of high critical current density and high Tc in CuBa2Ca3Cu4O10+δ superconductors
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Zhao Jianfa , Zhao Huijuan , Shi Luchuan , Deng Sihao , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Hu Zhiwei , Jin Changqing , Zhu Jing
Published: June 2022

For cuprate superconductors, a high critical transition temperature (Tc) can be realized in compounds containing multiple CuO2 layers in the unit cell, while a high critical current density (Jc) is rarely sustained above liquid nitrogen temperature. The CuBa2Ca3Cu4O10+δ (Cu-1234) superconductors synthesized under high oxygen pressure incredibly exhibit high Tc (~117 K) and high Jc (>104 A/cm2, 100 K) values. Here, the “double high” traits of Cu-1234 were investigated with advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that ordering vacancies and plate-like 90° microdomains induced efficient microstructure pinning centers that suppressed vortex flux flow and enhanced Jc. Furthermore, metallic charge-reservoir blocks [Ba2CuO3+δ] were composed of unique compressed [CuO6] octahedra, which induced many holes with 2pz symmetry that significantly decreased the superconducting anisotropy and dramatically enhanced the interlayer coupling that guaranteed a high Jc. On the other hand, optimally doped CuO2 planes inside the thick superconducting blocks [Ca3Cu4O8] maintained a high Tc. Our results are applicable to design and synthesis of new superconductors with “double high” traits.
Evolution of sexual systems, sex chromosomes and sex-linked gene transcription in flatworms and roundworms
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Gasser Robin B. , Charlesworth Deborah , Zhou Qi
Published: June 2022

Many species with separate male and female individuals (termed ‘gonochorism’ in animals) have sex-linked genome regions. Here, we investigate evolutionary changes when genome regions become completely sex-linked, by analyses of multiple species of flatworms (Platyhelminthes; among which schistosomes recently evolved gonochorism from ancestral hermaphroditism), and roundworms (Nematoda) which have undergone independent translocations of different autosomes. Although neither the evolution of gonochorism nor translocations fusing ancestrally autosomal regions to sex chromosomes causes inevitable loss of recombination, we document that formerly recombining regions show genomic signatures of recombination suppression in both taxa, and become strongly genetically degenerated, with a loss of most genes. Comparisons with hermaphroditic flatworm transcriptomes show masculinisation and some defeminisation in schistosome gonad gene expression. We also find evidence that evolution of sex-linkage in nematodes is accompanied by transcriptional changes and dosage compensation. Our analyses also identify sex-linked genes that could assist future research aimed at controlling some of these important parasites.
Cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on histone serine-ADP-ribosylation and tyrosine induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Jhanji Megha , Rao Chintada Nageswara , Massey Jacob C. , Hope Marion C. , Zhou Xueyan , Keene C. Dirk , Ma Tao , Wyatt Michael D. , Stewart Jason A. , Sajish Mathew
Published: June 2022

Serum tyrosine levels increase during aging, neurocognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. However, calorie restriction (CR) and sleep lower serum tyrosine levels. We previously showed that tyrosine inhibits tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)-mediated activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Here, we show that histone serine-ADP-ribosylation is decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) brains, and increased tyrosine levels deplete TyrRS and cause neuronal DNA damage. However, dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increase TyrRS and histone serine-ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, cis-resveratrol (cis-RSV) that binds to TyrRS mimicking a ‘tyrosine-free’ conformation increases TyrRS, facilitates histone serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and provides neuroprotection in a TyrRS-dependent manner. Conversely, trans-RSV that binds to TyrRS mimicking a ‘tyrosine-like’ conformation decreases TyrRS, inhibits serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and induces neurodegeneration in rat cortical neurons. Our findings suggest that age-associated increase in serum tyrosine levels may effect neurocognitive and metabolic disorders and offer a plausible explanation for divergent results obtained in clinical trials using resveratrol.
Deep learning driven biosynthetic pathways navigation for natural products with BioNavi-NP
Authors: Zheng Shuangjia , Zeng Tao , Li Chengtao , Chen Binghong , Coley Connor W. , Yang Yuedong , Wu Ruibo
Published: June 2022

The complete biosynthetic pathways are unknown for most natural products (NPs), it is thus valuable to make computer-aided bio-retrosynthesis predictions. Here, a navigable and user-friendly toolkit, BioNavi-NP, is developed to predict the biosynthetic pathways for both NPs and NP-like compounds. First, a single-step bio-retrosynthesis prediction model is trained using both general organic and biosynthetic reactions through end-to-end transformer neural networks. Based on this model, plausible biosynthetic pathways can be efficiently sampled through an AND-OR tree-based planning algorithm from iterative multi-step bio-retrosynthetic routes. Extensive evaluations reveal that BioNavi-NP can identify biosynthetic pathways for 90.2% of 368 test compounds and recover the reported building blocks as in the test set for 72.8%, 1.7 times more accurate than existing conventional rule-based approaches. The model is further shown to identify biologically plausible pathways for complex NPs collected from the recent literature. The toolkit as well as the curated datasets and learned models are freely available to facilitate the elucidation and reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathways for NPs.
Giant bulk photovoltaic effect driven by the wall-to-wall charge shift in WS2 nanotubes
Authors: Kim Bumseop , Park Noejung , Kim Jeongwoo
Published: June 2022

The intrinsic light–matter characteristics of transition-metal dichalcogenides have not only been of great scientific interest but have also provided novel opportunities for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices. Among the family of transition-metal dichalcogenide structures, the one-dimensional nanotube is particularly attractive because it produces a spontaneous photocurrent that is prohibited in its higher-dimensional counterparts. Here, we show that WS2 nanotubes exhibit a giant shift current near the infrared region, amounting to four times the previously reported values in the higher frequency range. The wall-to-wall charge shift constitutes a key advantage of the one-dimensional nanotube geometry, and we consider a Janus-type heteroatomic configuration that can maximize this interwall effect. To assess the nonlinear effect of a strong field and the nonadiabatic effect of atomic motion, we carried out direct real-time integration of the photoinduced current using time-dependent density functional theory. Our findings provide a solid basis for a complete quantum mechanical understanding of the unique light–matter interaction hidden in the geometric characteristics of the reduced dimension.
Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of fullerene-based nanofluids
Authors: Reding Brian , Khayet Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Owing to their outstanding characteristics, carbon based nanofluids (CbNFs) have been applied to various advanced heat transfer and cooling technologies. It was claimed that these CbNFs can considerably improve the properties of the base working fluids. Among all the thermal characteristics, the thermal conductivity (λ) is regarded as the primary parameter to be considered for the application of nanofluids (NFs). In the present research study we measured for the first time bothλand thermal diffusivity (aT) of very stable fullerene (C60)-based NFs in liquid phase (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and 1,2-dicholorobenzene) by the transient multi-current hot wire technique at atmospheric pressure in a wide range of temperature (254–323 K). Similar to the base liquids (BLs), we observed a slight decrease inλwith an increase in temperature. Additionally, compared to the BLsλwas reduced upon the addition of C60. The results were compared with the predicted ones using different theoretical models. Not much variation inaTwas observed between the C60NFs and the corresponding BLs due partly to the small variation ofλwith the addition of C60.
Trusting our machines: validating machine learning models for single-molecule transport experiments
Authors: Bro-Jørgensen William , Hamill Joseph M. , Bro Rasmus , Solomon Gemma C.
Published: June 2022

In this tutorial review, we will describe crucial aspects related to the application of machine learning to help users avoid the most common pitfalls.
Spatially-extended 3D magnetic DNA nanodevice-based split-type photoelectrochemical strategy for sensitive and reliable miRNA detection in cancer cells
Authors: Yuan Hui , Sun Jiuming , Zhang Qi , Chu Mingyue , Cheng Guiguang , Li Xia , Xue Qingwang
Published: June 2022

To improve the accuracy of PEC sensing. We developed a split-type “turn-off” PEC biosensor based on spatially-extended 3D magnetic DNA nanodevices with high-order DNA amplifiers for sensitive and reliable detection of miRNAs in cancer cells.
In situ lipid profiling of insect pheromone glands by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Cetraro Nicolas , Yew Joanne Y.
Published: June 2022

Analysis of biological tissues by Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry produces semi-quantitative lipid profiles that can be used to distinguish insect species and identify abnormal phenotypes in genetic screens.
DLP printing of a flexible micropattern Si/PEDOT:PSS/PEG electrode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Xinliang , Wang Chong , Wang Li , Lu Bingheng , Gao Fangliang , Shao Dan
Published: June 2022

An innovative DLP 3D printing for the integration of multicomponent materials into a free-standing hierarchical matrix and channel architecture.
Rational design of a meso phosphate-substituted pyronin as a type I photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Jigai , Zhang Yukun , Nan Yi , Zhou Xin
Published: June 2022

A novel meso phosphate-substituted pyronin PY-P was prepared as an efficient type I organic photosensitizer under hypoxia (<1% O2).
Detection of cell membrane proteins using ion-sensitive field effect transistors combined with chemical signal amplification
Authors: Tabata Miyuki , Khamhanglit Chattarika , Kotaki Sayo , Miyahara Yuji
Published: June 2022

Detection concept of HER2 via an enzyme reaction using an ISFET pH sensor.
Minimalistic ice recrystallisation inhibitors based on phenylalanine
Authors: Warren Matthew T. , Galpin Iain , Hasan Muhammad , Hindmarsh Steven A. , Padrnos John D. , Edwards-Gayle Charlotte , Mathers Robert T. , Adams Dave J. , Sosso Gabriele C. , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: June 2022

Phenylalanine is demonstrated to inhibit ice recrystallisation at low mM concentrations. Sequential modifications demonstrate the importance of amphiphilicity on activity.
Revealing intrinsic spin coupling in transition metal-doped graphene
Authors: Zhou Han , Hu Xiuli , Fang Wei-Hai , Su Neil Qiang
Published: June 2022

Diverse spin couplings create attractive possibilities for novel applications of graphene materials.
Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H2production and CO2reduction
Authors: Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , López-Duarte Ismael , Charalambidis Georgios , Ladomenou Kalliopi , Ince Mine , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: June 2022

This review summarizes the recent advances in light driven catalytic H2evolution and CO2reduction systems towards the production of solar fuels, utilizing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives.
A novel star-shaped trinuclear platinum(ii) complex based on a 1,3,5-triazine core displaying potent antiproliferative activity against TNBC by the mitochondrial injury and DNA damage mechanism
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Zhao Dandan , Shang Jinting , Huang Wenxin , Chen Zhanfen
Published: June 2022

A novel trinuclear platinum(ii) complex could target simultaneously mitochondria and nuclei, induce mitochondrial injury and DNA damage, and ultimately promote the apoptotic death of TNBC.
Correction: Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide
Authors: Ma Ming , Deng Wanyu , Xu Aoni , Hochfilzer Degenhart , Qiao Yu , Chan Karen , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Local reaction environment for selective electroreduction of carbon monoxide’ by Ming Ma et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ee03838a.
On the mechanical response in nanoalloys: the case of NiCo
Authors: de la Rosa Abad Juan A. , Bringa Eduardo M. , Mejía-Rosales Sergio J. , Mariscal Marcelo M.
Published: June 2022

Nanoindentation of spherical NiCo nanoalloys with core–shell & random mixing patterns was studied. We compared against monometallic nanoparticles to investigate how the mechanical response may be influenced by the elemental distribution & the proportion of each element.
Facile synthesis of Pd–Au/BNNS bimetallic catalysts for direct generation of H2O2 from H2 and O2 under environmentally friendly conditions
Authors: Shaybanizadeh Shahram , Luque Rafael , Najafi Chermahini Alireza
Published: June 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an important biocompatible oxidant, has many industrial applications including (bio) medical technologies, textiles, and water treatment.
Catalyst-free N-methylation of 3-methylxanthine with dimethyl carbonate in water: green synthesis of theobromine
Authors: Yang Hansen , Wang Zhimiao , An Hualiang , Yang Qiusheng , Xue Wei , Li Fang , Wang Yanji
Published: June 2022

3-Methylxanthine conversion of 89.9% with 98.2% theobromine selectivity.
3d transition metal coordination on monolayer MoS2: a facile doping method to functionalize surfaces
Authors: Liu He , Silva Walner Costa , Santana Gonçalves de Souza Leonardo , Veiga Amanda Garcez , Seixas Leandro , Fujisawa Kazunori , Kahn Ethan , Zhang Tianyi , Zhang Fu , Yu Zhuohang , Thompson Katherine , Lei Yu , de Matos Christiano J. S. , Rocco Maria Luiza M. , Terrones Mauricio , Grasseschi Daniel
Published: June 2022

We theoretically and experimentally describe the coordination reaction between MoS2 monolayers with 3d transition metals (TMs), exploring their nature and MoS2-TMs interactions.
Highly transparent, self-healing and adhesive wearable ionogel as strain and temperature sensor
Authors: Tie Jianfei , Mao Zhiping , Zhang Linping , Zhong Yi , Sui Xiaofeng , Xu Hong
Published: June 2022

A stable ionogel with good self-healing capability and adhesion, excellent stretchability (2017%), high durability (1000 cycles) and high transparency (92%) is fabricated and assembled into a strain and temperature sensor with high sensitivity.
A review of reinforcement learning applications in adaptive traffic signal control
Authors: Miletić Mladen , Ivanjko Edouard , Gregurić Martin , Kušić Krešimir
Published: June 2022

In urban areas, the problem of recurring daily congestion is constantly increasing. A possible solution is seen in the application of adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) systems for the control of signalized intersections. While available ATSC systems can achieve an increase in the Level of Service, the focus of ATSC research has shifted towards the application of reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, which allow the controller to learn the optimal control policy by direct interaction with the environment. This paper describes the fundamentals of traffic signal control, RL algorithms and approaches and their application to ATSC, with a discussion on the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on future traffic signal control. In conclusion, a summary of open research questions and possible directions for future research in the domain of RL‐based traffic signal control is given.
Differentialtherapeutische Zugänge bei kongenitalen Fehlbildungen an der Hand
Authors: Sippel Darja , Hülsemann Wiebke
Published: June 2022

Bei gleichem Krankheitsbild muss bei kongenitalen Fehlbildungen der Hand mit unterschiedlichen pathologischen Veränderungen gerechnet werden. Daher ist das Wissen um diese Pathologien für die Planung des operativen Zugangsweges entscheidend. Exemplarisch werden in diesem Beitrag die Zugänge häufiger Fehlbildungen abgehandelt. Hierzu zählen der Doppeldaumen und die Syndaktylien.

Beim Doppeldaumen mit asymmetrischer Kontur wird durch Augmentation von Anteilen des wegfallenden Daumens das Ergebnis verbessert. In diesem Fall ist eine andere Schnittführung als bei der einfachen Resektion erforderlich.

Bei den häufig durchgeführten Syndaktylietrennungen gibt es viele Techniken, die nachweislich ein gutes Ergebnis erreichen. Aber nur, wenn auch hier Prinzipien wie lokale Verschiebelappenplastiken für die Kommissurbildungen, ein spannungsfreier Wundverschluss, keine longitudinalen Inzisionen und keine bilaterale Präparation eines Fingers beachtet werden. Ist präoperativ davon auszugehen, dass ein gutes Operationsergebnis mit der herkömmlichen Technik der Syndaktylietrennung nicht erreicht werden kann, ist die Vorbehandlung mittels Fixateur externe zur queren Weichteildistraktion die Methode der Wahl.

Der Operationszeitpunkt berücksichtigt, die motorische Entwicklung des Betroffenen nicht zu stören.
Effects of antithrombotic therapy on bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Gang , Tian Feng-Yu , An Wen , Ai Li-Si , Yu Yan-Bo
Published: June 2022

Background and study aims Bleeding is a common complication of following endoscopy sphincterotomy (EST), and antithrombotic therapy use during the procedure often increases risk of it. Although several guidelines have been released regarding the use of antithrombotic agents during EST, many issues about it remain controversial. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of antithrombotic medication on the risk of EST bleeding.

Methods A structured literature search was carried out in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis to investigate the rate of post-EST bleeding.

Results Seven retrospective articles were included. Compared with patients who had never taken antithrombotic drugs, patients who discontinued antithrombotic drugs 1 day before the procedure had a significantly increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 1.95; 95 %CI, 1.57–2.43), particularly for severe bleeding (OR, 1.83; 95 %CI, 1.44–2.34). In addition, compared with patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy for at least 1 day, patients who continued taking antithrombotic drugs did have an increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 0.70; 95 %CI, 0.40–1.23).

Conclusions The use of antithrombotic drugs may increase the bleeding rate of EST, but discontinuing therapy 1 day before endoscopy does not significantly reduce the bleeding rate.
Gastrointestinal endoscope contamination rates – elevators are not only to blame: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goyal Hemant , Larsen Sara , Perisetti Abhilash , Larsen Nikolaj Birk , Ockert Lotte Klinten , Adamsen Sven , Tharian Benjamin , Thosani Nirav
Published: June 2022

Background and study aims Duodenoscopes that are contaminated due to inadequate reprocessing are well-documented. However, studies have demonstrated poor reprocessing of other kinds of endoscopes as well, including echoendoscopes, gastroscopes, and colonoscopes. We estimated the contamination rate beyond the elevator of gastrointestinal endoscopes based on available data.

Methods We searched PubMed and Embase from January 1, 2010 to October 10, 2020, for studies investigating contamination rates of reprocessed gastrointestinal endoscopes. A random-effects model was used to calculate the contamination rate of patient-ready gastrointestinal endoscopes. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate differences among endoscope types, countries, and colony-forming unit (CFU) thresholds.

Results Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 1,059 positive cultures from 7,903 samples. The total contamination rate was 19.98 % ± 0.024 (95 % confidence interval [Cl]: 15.29 %–24.68 %; I2 = 98.6 %). The contamination rates of colonoscope and gastroscope channels were 31.95 % ± 0.084 and 28.22 % ± 0.076, respectively. Duodenoscope channels showed a contamination rate of 14.41 % ± 0.029. The contamination rates among studies conducted in North America and Europe were 6.01 % ± 0.011 and 18.16% ± 0.053 %, respectively. The contamination rate among studies using a CFU threshold > 20 showed contamination of 30.36 % ± 0.094, whereas studies using a CFU threshold < 20 showed a contamination rate of 11 % ± 0.026.

Conclusions On average, 19.98 % of reprocessed gastrointestinal endoscopes may be contaminated when used in patients and varies between different geographies. These findings highlight that the elevator mechanism is not the only obstacle when reprocessing reusable endoscopes; therefore, guidelines should recommend more surveillance of the endoscope channels as well.
Endoscopic ultrasound as a reliable tool for assessment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment: Example of in situ gene therapy
Authors: Buscail Louis , Culetto Adrian , Mokhrane Fatima-Zhora , Napoléon Bertrand , Meyrignac Olivier , Molinier Baptiste , Lebrin Marine , Bournet Barbara , Bérard Emilie , Canivet Cindy
Published: June 2022

Background and study aims In pancreatic cancer, the antitumor effect can only be assessed by means of a computed tomography (CT) scan using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours) criteria. The aim of this study was to assess the intra-observer and interobserver agreement of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) imaging in assessing tumor volume in primary pancreatic cancer.

Patients and methods During a Phase 1 gene therapy trial, 21 patients had EUS before the first and second EUS-guided in situ gene therapy injections. All anonymized EUS files were then randomly distributed to three gastroenterologists/endosonographers and three radiologists (blind status). The largest tumor diameter was measured and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was determined.

Results Intra-observer and interobserver agreements were good to excellent, regardless of operator experience (junior versus senior member of staff) (ICC: 0.65 to 0.84). A comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment measurements by the investigators highlighted a significant antitumor effect (–11 %; P = 0.0098), similar to that obtained during the generic protocol (–10 %; P = 0.0045).

Conclusions Interobserver agreement regarding primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma measurements appears good to excellent, thus paving the way for the future inclusion of EUS assessments, particularly in trials assessing local therapies for pancreatic tumors.
Psychosomatik in der Schmerztherapie – Herausforderungen
chronischer Schmerzen
Authors: Lucas Victoria , Eich Wolfgang , Tesarz Jonas
Published: June 2022

Obwohl die Aufmerksamkeit unter den Ärztinnen und Ärzten in Bezug
auf chronische Schmerzen wächst, gilt der Patient mit chronischen
Schmerzen in der Praxis oftmals als komplexer, wenn nicht sogar
„schwieriger“ Patient. Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen sind
damit dem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt, vorschnell abgewiesen und
weitergeschickt zu werden. Gleichzeitig sind die therapeutischen
Möglichkeiten oftmals begrenzt und die Therapieerfolge
unbefriedigend.
Suizidologie und Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Klosterkötter Joachim , Kuhn Jens
Published: June 2022

Seit über zwei Jahren ist die weltweite Bevölkerung der Pandemie mit
dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus ausgesetzt. Die damit verbundene primäre
Krankheitslast, also durch Infektionen, war und ist enorm. Sekundäre
Belastungen ergaben sich durch Sorgen um die eigene und die Gesundheit enger
Bezugspersonen, Trauerreaktionen im Falle des infektionsbedingten Verlustes von
Angehörigen und all die gesellschaftlichen Einschränkungen im Rahmen
der Pandemie-Bekämpfung. Der damit einhergehende Stress 1 resultierte – dies ist durch eine
Vielzahl von Studien eindrucksvoll belegt – in einer Zunahme von psychischen
Erkrankungen. So ist es zu einem deutlich verstärkten Auftreten von
Depressions- und Angsterkrankungen gekommen, wobei bestimmte
Bevölkerungsgruppen, wie z. B. alleinerziehende Mütter,
einem besonderen Erkrankungsrisiko ausgesetzt waren (z. B. [2]). Bei Angehörigen von an Covid
erkrankten Personen zeigt sich ein drastischer Anstieg von
Traumafolgestörungen 3 und im Zuge der
Einführung des ICD 11 mit der neuen Kategorie der prolongierten
Trauerreaktion begrüßen einige Autoren diese neue diagnostische
Entität gerade im Kontext der Corona-Erkrankung, weil es eben so viele
Corona-Tote zu beklagen gab 4. Aber auch
innerhalb der Gruppe von Personen, die an Corona erkrankten und dies
einigermaßen überstanden haben, - und dies ist ja
glücklicherweise die überwiegende Mehrzahl – zeigt sich noch
nach einem Jahr eine deutlich erhöhte Menge von verschriebenen
Psychopharmaka, im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe, als Beleg für
fortbestehende psychische Symptome und eine womögliche ZNS-Beteiligung der
Infektion (eine genaue Zuordnung innerhalb dieser Population zu dem als
Postcovid-Syndrom bezeichneten Krankheitsbild muss noch erfolgen) 5.
Einfach viel bewegt – Lagerungsmanagement rund um die Uhr
Authors: Ackermann Wencke
Published: June 2022

In Bauchlage spielen, sich auf dem Rollbrett fortbewegen, im Stehen die Hände frei haben: Mithilfe eines guten Lagerungsmanagements können Therapeut*innen Kindern mit körperlichen Einschränkungen mehr Teilhabe ermöglichen und ihre gesunde körperliche Entwicklung fördern.
Entscheidungshilfen zu präventiven Handlungsalternativen für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen: eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Krassuski Lisa Marlene , Kautz-Freimuth Sibylle , Vennedey Vera , Rhiem Kerstin , Schmutzler Rita K. , Stock Stephanie
Published: June 2022

Einleitung Frauen mit einer pathogenen BRCA1/2-Mutation haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Lebenszeitrisiko, an Brust- und/oder Eierstockkrebs zu erkranken. Als derzeitige präventive Handlungsalternativen werden ein intensiviertes Brustkrebs-Früherkennungsprogramm und risikoreduzierende Operationen angeboten. Vor der Entscheidung für eine Option müssen medizinische und persönliche Faktoren wie die Lebenssituation und individuelle Präferenzen sorgfältig abgewogen werden. Um BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen während ihres Entscheidungsfindungsprozesses zu unterstützen, werden international Entscheidungshilfen eingesetzt. In dieser Studie werden diese erstmals strukturiert analysiert und auf ihre Übertragbarkeit auf den deutschen Kontext geprüft.

Material und Methoden Es wurden eine systematische Literaturrecherche in 5 elektronischen Datenbanken sowie eine Handsuche durchgeführt. Die identifizierten Entscheidungshilfen wurden bezüglich formaler Kriterien, medizinischer Inhalte und ihrer Qualität bewertet. Die qualitative Bewertung erfolgte mithilfe der Kriterien der International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration (IPDASi v4.0), mit denen verschiedene Dimensionen überprüft wurden (z. B. Informationen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Wertevorstellungen).

Ergebnisse Es wurden 20 Entscheidungshilfen eingeschlossen, die zwischen 2003 und 2019 in Australien (n = 4), Großbritannien (n = 3), Kanada (n = 2), den Niederlanden (n = 2) und den USA (n = 9) veröffentlicht wurden. Neun richten sich an BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen, 11 schließen weitere Risikogruppen ein. 18 beinhalten als Entscheidungsoptionen risikoreduzierende Operationen, 14 benennen Früherkennungsverfahren für Brust- und/oder Eierstockkrebs, 13 beschreiben die Möglichkeit der medikamentösen Prävention mittels selektiver Östrogenrezeptor-Modulatoren oder Aromatase-Inhibitoren. Neun der 20 Entscheidungshilfen erfüllen grundlegende Qualitätskriterien (IPDASiv 4.0-Qualifizierungskriterien).

Schlussfolgerung Formal können internationale Entscheidungshilfen als Grundlage für eine deutsche Entscheidungshilfe für BRCA1/2-Mutationsträgerinnen dienen. Inhaltlich weichen sie teils deutlich von den Empfehlungen deutscher Leitlinien ab. Nur wenige erreichen eine hohe Qualität.
Optimale Schienenversorgung – Distale Fingerverletzungen
Authors: Knaus Waltraud
Published: June 2022

Bei offenen Traumata, Kontusionen und Frakturen des Fingerendglieds, bei einem Riss der Strecksehne in Zone I oder bei Verletzungen des Nagelbetts kommen Stack-Schienen und thermoplastische Schienen zum Einsatz. In der Therapie sind eine gute Aufklärung und genaue Instruktionen zum Handling wichtig, weil diese Schienen über viele Wochen hinweg getragen werden müssen.
Remnant-Preserved Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Augmentation in Multi-ligamentous Knee Reconstruction
Authors: Tajima Takuya , Yamaguchi Nami , Morita Yudai , Yokoe Takuji , Nagasawa Makoto , Ota Tomomi , Kawagoe Shuichi , Nakamura Yoshihiro , Chosa Etsuo
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to present remnant-preserving anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) augmentation as a useful option for partial ACL injury in multiligament knee injury (MLKI) cases, which may also contribute to conserving graft resources. The present study involved patients diagnosed with MLKI at our institute from Spring 2006 to February 2021. A total of 71 MLKI cases were provided surgery due to knee instability and disability. For every patient, an arthroscopic diagnostic was performed to ensure that ACL tear and a remnant were present. When the ACL remnant was classified into group 2, 3, or 4 of Nakamae's classification, remnant-preserved single bundle ACL augmentation was performed. Graft selection and the combination of injured ligaments were evaluated. The side-to-side difference under an anterior tibial load of 134 N with an arthrometer and the leg symmetry index at 60 degrees/s were measured. The present procedure was performed for five cases (male/female: 4/1, mean age: 33.6 years). The mean follow-up period was 26.4 months. The combination of torn ligaments was as follows: 3 cases of ACL + medial collateral ligament, one case of ACL + posterior cruciate ligament, and one case of ACL + posterolateral corner. An ACL augmentation graft was performed using an ipsilateral gracilis tendon in 2 cases, a contralateral full semitendinosus tendon in 2 cases, and the ipsilateral distal 1/2 of the semitendinosus tendon in 1 case. The mean side-to-side difference was 1.07 ± 0.4 mm. The mean leg symmetry index was 82.6 ± 12.2% in knee extension and 96.3 ± 9.9% in knee flexion. Although the present study was a small case series, the remnant-preserved single-bundle ACL augmentation for MLKI surgery provided good clinical outcome and conserved the graft resource. Even in the MLKI case, this technique is one of the useful surgical options. The level of evidence of this study is level IV (case series).
kma Entscheider-Blog: Der neue AOP-Katalog – Fakten und Auswirkungen
Authors: Heurich Manuel
Published: June 2022

Das Gutachten zur Reform des ambulanten Operierens ist da. Gepaart mit der neuen Krankenhausplanung, die in einigen Bundesländern kommen soll, könnte es die Kliniklandschaft nachhaltig verändern. Die wichtigsten Fakten und Auswirkungen habe ich hier zusammengefasst.
Preis für Besonderes Wirken: Thieme Management Award
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: June 2022

Der Thieme Management Award ehrt seit 2004 bedeutende Persönlichkeiten in der deutschen Gesundheitswirtschaft. Er wird in den Kategorien „Manager/-in des Jahres“ und „Senkrechtstarter/-in“ verliehen.
Plattformen im Gesundheitswesen: Wenn wenige Anbieter den Markt dominieren
Authors: Wamprecht Laura
Published: June 2022

Schafft die Plattformökonomie eine Chance für die Vernetzung im Gesundheitswesen – oder entstehen nur neue Monopole? Laura Wamprecht von Flying Health analysiert für kma die Vor- und Nachteile.
KHZG: „Der Druck auf die Kliniken wird immer höher“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: June 2022

Michael Waldbrenner ist Geschäftsführer der Deutsche Telekom Clinical Solutions GmbH (DTCS). In kma spricht er über den aktuellen Stand vieler KHZG-Projekte, die Schwierigkeiten, die IT-Abteilungen bei der Umsetzung haben – und die Furcht davor, dass das KHZG ein teures Strohfeuer bleiben könnte.
Understanding the surface wave characteristics using 2D particle-in-cell simulation and deep neural network
Authors: Mishra Rinku , Adhikari S. , Mukherjee Rupak , Saikia B. J.
Published: June 2022

The characteristics of the surface waves along the interface between a plasma and a dielectric material have been investigated using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations. A microwave source of GHz frequency has been used to trigger the surface wave in the system. The outcome indicates that the surface wave gets excited along the interface of plasma and the dielectric tube and appears as light and dark patterns in the electric field profiles. The dependency of radiation pressure on the dielectric permittivity and supplied input frequency has been investigated. Further, we assessed the capabilities of neural networks to predict the radiation pressure for a given system. The proposed deep neural network model is aimed at developing accurate and efficient data-driven plasma surface wave devices.
How zealots affect the energy cost for controlling complex social networks
Authors: Chen Hong , Yong Ee Hou
Published: June 2022

The controllability of complex networks may be applicable for understanding how to control a complex social network, where members share their opinions and influence one another. Previous works in this area have focused on controllability, energy cost, or optimization under the assumption that all nodes are compliant, passing on information neutrally without any preferences. However, the assumption on nodal neutrality should be reassessed, given that in networked social systems, some people may hold fast to their personal beliefs. By introducing some stubborn agents, or zealots, who hold steadfast to their beliefs and seek to influence others, the control energy is computed and compared against those without zealots. It was found that the presence of zealots alters the energy cost at a quadratic rate with respect to their own fixed beliefs. However, whether or not the zealots’ presence increases or decreases the energy cost is affected by the interplay between different parameters such as the zealots’ beliefs, number of drivers, final control time regimes, network effects, network dynamics, and number and configurations of neutral nodes influenced by the zealots. For example, when a network dynamics is linear but does not have conformity behavior, it could be possible for a contrarian zealot to assist in reducing control energy. With conformity behavior, a contrarian zealot always negatively affects network control by increasing energy cost. The results of this paper suggest caution when modeling real networked social systems with the controllability of networked linear dynamics since the system dynamical behavior is sensitive to parameter change.
Stress tuning in sputter-grown Cu and W films for Cu/W nanomultilayer design
Authors: Lorenzin Giacomo , Jeurgens Lars P. H. , Cancellieri Claudia
Published: June 2022

Controlling growth stresses during thin film fabrication is of paramount importance to solve reliability issues during operation of functional thin films in harsh environments. A combination of different methods for thin-film stress determination, such as in situ wafer curvature and ex situ x-ray diffraction, is usually required to reveal and tailor growth stresses in thin film systems, as well as to extract interface stress contributions in multilayered coatings. In this article, the tuning of intrinsic growth stresses in thin films of Cu and W, as grown by magnetron sputtering, was performed by varying the Ar pressure and gun power during thin-film deposition. The average growth stress in Cu and W thin films could be tuned between tensile and compressive. Next, the thus obtained knowledge on stress engineering of Cu and W single layers was applied to investigate the corresponding intrinsic stresses in Cu/W nanomultilayer coatings, for which interface stress was found to play an important role.
Viscous fingering in poorly miscible power-law fluids
Authors: Logvinov Oleg A.
Published: June 2022

A renowned problem of a viscous fluid displacement by a less viscous one from a Hele–Shaw cell is considered. Both fluids exhibit non-Newtonian properties: a power-law viscosity dependence on strain rates (Ostwald–de Waele rheology). A unified approach independent of particular rheology is applied to derive averaged two-dimensional equations of motion (so-called Hele–Shaw models). The equations are based on Reynolds class averaging procedure. Under these governing equations, linear stability analysis of the radial interface is conducted with a new key idea—possibility of characteristic size selection even in the absence of stabilizing factors such as surface tension and molecular diffusion. For proving this, proper boundary conditions are set on the interface, namely, the equality of full normal stresses including viscous ones, instead of the simple equality of pressures.
Novel approach in analyzing phase transitions in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3—Comparison with 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05CaTiO3
Authors: Dunce Marija , Birks Eriks , Bikse Liga , Ignatans Reinis , Fuith Armin , Kabelka Heinz , Nitiss Edgars , Kundzins Maris , Sternberg Andris
Published: June 2022

Recently, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and its solid solutions are receiving intensive study as one of the most perspective lead-free ferroelectrics. Not only physical properties, but also the structure and nature of phase transitions of these compositions are of great interest, as their previous studies contain many uncertainties. In the present research, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05CaTiO3 solid solutions were thoroughly studied focusing on the elastic and thermal expansion characteristics, accompanying the obtained results by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential calorimetry, and second harmonic generation measurements. Temperature-frequency dependences of dielectric permittivity were observed to be similar for both compositions. In spite of this, the experimentally obtained temperature dependences of thermal expansion and Young's modulus in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05CaTiO3 reveal unambiguous differences in the temperature range of the observed or expected (as in the case of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3) phase transitions. X-ray diffraction patterns are fitted using Pnma symmetry. This allows us to distinguish the temperature regions with different behaviors of lattice parameters, which correlate with the observed behavior of thermal expansion and Young's modulus. A reduction in the intensity of second optical harmonic was observed upon increasing the temperature in the whole studied temperature range. This encourages us to reconsider the mechanism responsible for the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity.
Low-energy spectrum and dynamics of the weakly interacting Bose gas
Authors: Boßmann Lea
Published: June 2022

We consider a gas of N bosons with interactions in the mean-field scaling regime. We review the proof of an asymptotic expansion of its low-energy spectrum, eigenstates, and dynamics, which provides corrections to Bogoliubov theory to all orders in 1/N. This is based on joint works with Petrat, Pickl, Seiringer, and Soffer. In addition, we derive a full asymptotic expansion of the ground state one-body reduced density matrix.
Perspective on fluorescence cell imaging with ionophore-based ion-selective nano-optodes
Authors: Du Xinfeng , Li Niping , Chen Qinghan , Wu Zeying , Zhai Jingying , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: June 2022

Inorganic ions are ubiquitous in all kinds of cells with highly dynamic spatial and temporal distribution. Taking advantage of different types of fluorescent probes, fluorescence microscopic imaging and quantitative analysis of ion concentrations in cells have rapidly advanced. A family of fluorescent nanoprobes based on ionophores has emerged in recent years with the potential to establish a unique platform for the analysis of common biological ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and so on. This article aims at providing a retrospect and outlook of ionophore-based ion-selective nanoprobes and the applications in cell imaging.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy for crystalline samples containing initial strain
Authors: Kube Christopher M. , Feng Zhangxi , Lebensohn Ricardo A. , Cherry Matthew
Published: June 2022

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a mature and robust technique for the nondestructive characterization of the elastic properties of solids capable of providing the elastic constants of anisotropic crystalline solids. The traditional method is based on assuming that the solid is linear elastic and, therefore, obeys a linearized Hookean constitutive relationship (Hooke’s law). In this article, an alternative constitutive law is provided that allows for an initial strain or prestrain to be present stemming from residual stress. Then, the constitutive relationship is integrated into the RUS framework. The model is demonstrated using a realistic prestrain field obtained by simulating shot-peening processing of a polycrystalline Cu sample. The sensitivity of the resonances to the developed prestrain is established and discussed. This work allows researchers to consider the influence of initial strain or residual stress in their samples and the potential influence on accurate elastic constant estimates. The model also supports the potential of RUS for the nondestructive characterization of prestrain in materials.
Phase transition of a MoS2 monolayer through top layer desulfurization by He+ ion irradiation
Authors: Han Sang Wook , Yun Won Seok , Kang Manil , Lee Sangsun , Park Jusang
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) metal monochalcogenides have recently attracted significant interest following the extensive and intensive research into transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). However, the formation of transition metal monochalcogenide remains relatively unstudied. Here, we investigate the structural and electronic changes of the MoS2 monolayer by removing the top sulfur layer using low-energy He+ ion sputtering. As a result, the substoichiometric MoSx surface induces semiconducting to the metallic phase transition. Under ambient conditions, the oxidized MoSx surface restores a semiconducting state with narrowed bandgap, p-type conduction, or possibly a semimetallic state. Our findings provide an effective way to form and improve the functionality of Janus TMD monolayers.
Complexity in subnetworks of a peroxidase–oxidase reaction model
Authors: Gallas Jason A. C. , Olsen Lars F.
Published: June 2022

The peroxidase–oxidase (PO) reaction is a paradigmatic (bio)chemical system well suited to study the organization and stability of self-sustained oscillatory phases typically present in nonlinear systems. The PO reaction can be simulated by the state-of-the-art Bronnikova–Fedkina–Schaffer–Olsen model involving ten coupled ordinary differential equations. The complex and dynamically rich distribution of self-sustained oscillatory stability phases of this model was recently investigated in detail. However, would it be possible to understand aspects of such a complex model using much simpler models? Here, we investigate stability phases predicted by three simple four-variable subnetworks derived from the complete model. While stability diagrams for such subnetworks are found to be distorted compared to those of the complete model, we find them to surprisingly preserve significant features of the original model as well as from the experimental system, e.g., period-doubling and period-adding scenarios. In addition, return maps obtained from the subnetworks look very similar to maps obtained in the experimental system under different conditions. Finally, two of the three subnetwork models are found to exhibit quint points, i.e., recently reported singular points where five distinct stability phases coalesce. We also provide experimental evidence that such quint points are present in the PO reaction.
The assessment of average cell number inside in-flight 3D printed droplets in microvalve-based bioprinting
Authors: Chen Xinxing , O’Mahony Aidan P. , Barber Tracie
Published: June 2022

3D cell bioprinting is an innovative and time-saving additive manufacturing technology; it precisely generates complex cell-laden constructs to overcome the limitations of 2D cell culture and conventional tissue engineering scaffold technology. Many efforts have been made to evaluate the bioprinter performance by considering printed cell number and the consistency of printed cell number. In this paper, a modified droplet imaging system is used to study the printing performance for a micro-valve-based 3D bioprinter using fluorescence MCF-7 cells. The effects of droplet dispensing physics (dosing energy Ed), ink properties (Z number—the inverse of the Ohnesorge number and particle sedimentation velocity), and input cell concentration are considered. The droplet imaging system demonstrates a strong capability and accuracy in analyzing bioprinting performance for printed cell density less than 300 cells/droplet. The average printed cell number is positively correlated with the increasing input cell concentration, dosing energy, and printing time. Printing ink, with Z number ranging from 4 to 7.41 and cell sedimentation velocity at 9.45×10−8 m/s, can provide the estimated printed cell number and consistent cell printing results within 2 min printing time. Printing inks with higher Z number or cell sedimentation velocity should be ejected under dosing energy below 2.1 La and printed right after filling the reservoir to achieve reliable and stable printing results.
Twisted pillared phononic crystal plates
Authors: Oudich Mourad , Deng Yuanchen , Jing Yun
Published: June 2022

Recent discoveries in twisted heterostructure materials have opened research directions in classical wave systems. This Letter investigates a family of double-sided pillared phononic crystal plates as the elastodynamic analog of bilayer graphene, including twisted bilayer graphene. The phononic crystal plate design is first validated by studying the basic AA- and AB-stack configurations under weak interlayer coupling. A specific commensurate twist angle giving rise to the sublattice exchange even symmetry is then studied to examine the twist-modulated band structure. Finally, this study demonstrates that the same twist angle, in concert with an ultra-strong interlayer coupling, can collectively create valley-dependent edge states that have not been previously observed in electronic bilayer graphene.
Magnetic coherence effects in the spectroscopy of transitions between energy levels with total angular momenta J = 1/2 and J = 1 using unidirectional waves
Authors: Saprykin E.G. , Chernenko A.A.
Published: June 2022

The physical processes that form the spectra of saturated absorption resonances at atomic transitions between energy levels with angular momenta J = 1/2 and J = 1 in the field of two unidirectional linearly polarised laser waves are studied analytically and numerically. It is shown that the specific features of the resonance spectra are formed in the Λ-schemes of transitions and manifest themselves in the form of narrow coherent structures – dips due to the magnetic coherence (optical orientation) of the transition levels induced by the optical fields. In this case, the energy levels of the lower state make the main contribution, and the contribution of the transfer of magnetic coherence from the sublevels of the upper state to the lower ones in the resonance amplitude manifests itself as an additive. Conditions are found under which the nonlinear resonance is exclusively coherent. The effect of the saturating wave field on the shape of coherent resonance structures is studied.