bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Gender-Marked Kazakh Proverbs on the Content of Cultural Stereotypes
Authors: Gulnara Mustagaliyeva  , Akhmaral Khairzhanova  , Rita Bissenbayeva  , Laura Muratova  , Assel Maratova  , Koptleuova Kulpash
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of the concept of "man" - "woman" based on Kazakh proverbs. The study of the concepts "man" and "woman" allows us to approach the study of gender as a cultural representation and reveal all its many-sided content, namely social, psychological, and cultural aspects. The analysis of proverbs in the research material is quite justified. Proverbs, reflecting folk wisdom, appear as a product of the people's creativity. They do not only reproduce the national-specific vision of the world, but also participate in its formation, and play a significant role in enriching the language with cultural concepts. They demonstrate the Kazakhs' idea of men and women as part of their linguistic worldview. Thus, to get the most complete picture of how gender manifests itself in the stereotypes fixed by the language, we consider it appropriate to describe the proverbial units of the Kazakh language, which reflect gender stereotypes. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to select appropriate material for analysis. A total of 30 Kazakh proverbs were selected from different sources. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis to identify common patterns related to gender stereotypes.
Verification of analytical performance of the 25-OH vitamin D assay on the Abbott Alinity ci®: Experience of the central laboratory of Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda
Authors: Mohamed Karim EL AZZOUZI  , Sara MOULAY RCHID  , Khalil BOURCHID  , Dounia ELMOUJTAHIDE  , El-Houcine SEBBAR  , Mohammed CHOUKRI
Published: October 2024

The primary goal of our study was to verify the analytical performance of the 25-OH Vitamin D measurements conducted on the Abbott CI analyzer using the immuno-chemiluminescence method. This verification took place in the biochemistry laboratory at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Oujda. Our methodology was aligned with the recommendations outlined in the French accreditation committee (COFRAC) technical guide (GTA) 04, emphasizing the assessment of reproducibility and repeatability. Overall, the results of this evaluation were satisfactory and met the standards set by both the supplier and the French Society of Clinical Biology. This study illustrates that the biochemistry laboratory at Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda is equipped to provide accurate and precise results, which are crucial for effective clinical diagnosis and decision-making.
Literature review: Early-onset Scoliosis and the Space Available for Lung (SAL) post-surgery
Authors: Ramy Sherif  , Ahmed Sherif  , Maryem Elsharkawy
Published: October 2024

Background: Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) poses significant risks to thoracic development and pulmonary function in children due to the deformities’ impact on the space available for lung (SAL). Various surgical techniques, including growth-sparing methods like growing rods, vertical expandable prosthetic titanium ribs (VEPTR), and the Shilla system, aim to correct spinal deformities while allowing for thoracic growth. This literature review explores the efficacy of these interventions in improving SAL and lung function, as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and other pulmonary outcomes. Studies indicate that growth-friendly techniques are associated with substantial improvements in SAL, with growing rods showing an average 30% increase in thoracic volume and a corresponding improvement in pulmonary function. VEPTR has been similarly effective in increasing thoracic volume by 25% in patients with thoracic insufficiency syndrome. The Shilla system offers advantages in maintaining spinal correction while promoting growth but has been noted for potential complications like metal debris. Conclusion: Despite these advances, complications such as hardware failure and the need for revision surgeries remain concerns. This review underscores the importance of early surgical intervention to maximize thoracic volume and prevent long-term pulmonary impairment. However, further research is needed to assess the long-term outcomes of these surgical techniques, particularly in adulthood.
Correlation of obesity indices with metabolic syndrome among Igbos in Enugu and their optimal cut-off points
Authors: Maxwell Ubanagu Odumeh  , Chike Ikechukwu Patrick Anibeze  , Elizabeth Finbarrs-Bello  , Rosemary Ngozi Njeze  , Adaobi Chikasi Ilo  , Augustine Chukwudi Onuh  , Donald Onuoha Agu
Published: October 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome also known as insulin resistance syndrome or Syndrome X, represents an association of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its central diagnostic criteria include obesity, impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol; elevated triglycerides levels and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance is believed to be the main cause of Metabolic Syndrome and is connected to the level of visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could be assessed either by calculating body mass index or by measuring waist circumference. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the correlation of indices of obesity with metabolic syndrome among Igbos in Enugu and their optimal cut-off points. Method: This was a cross-sectional community-based descriptive survey carried out in Enugu Metropolis involving 469 apparently healthy adult volunteers age range 18-75 screened for metabolic syndrome using the Joint Interim Statement definition. Stratified random sampling technique was used in the selection of participants. The data obtained were coded and analyzed into percentages, mean and standard deviation using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. t-test was used to compare continuous variables for associations, while Youden index and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis were used to determine optimal cut-off point of the obesity indices that best balances sensitivity and specificity of the obesity indices. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine correlation between obesity indices and cardiovascular risks. Statistical significance is set at p< 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Result: The study revealed that all indices of obesity showed positive correlation with metabolic syndrome. BMI showed the least strength of correlation while WC is the best discriminator for predicting Metabolic Syndrome however, the optimal cut-off point of the obesity indices differ from the standard cut-off points. Conclusion: All the obesity indices used in the study showed positive correlation with metabolic syndrome however, WC is to be preferred in screening for metabolic syndrome. The optimal cut-off point obtained can be applied specifically for Igbos in Enugu
»Die Schublade war für mich wie ein Zauberwald«
Authors: Kidron Carol A.
Published: October 2024

In diesem Beitrag werden die gelebten Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmungen der Lebensund Todeswelten von jüdisch-israelischen Gesprächspartnern ethnografisch untersucht. Drei Vignetten mit Berichten von Gesprächspartnern und ethnografischer teilnehmender Beobachtung der subjektiven Erfahrung der Präsenz des Holocaust und gefallener israelischer Soldaten in den alltäglichen Lebenswelten ihrer überlebenden Verwandten ermöglichen eine Erkundung der durchlässigen Grenze zwischen den Lebenden und den Toten in der zeitgenössischen israelischen Gesellschaft und Kultur. Aufbauend auf soziologischen und phänomenologischen Theorien zur Selbstverständlichkeit von Lebenswelten und zur intersubjektiven Bedeutungsgebung in Bezug auf Verlust, Trauer und Tod trägt der Beitrag zu unserem Verständnis von ›überragenden Wirklichkeiten‹ bei, in denen die Anwesenheit der Toten normalisiert und als selbstverständlich angesehen wird, was hier als Lebens-Todeswelt konzeptualisiert wird. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die qualitativen ethnografischen Daten einen potenziellen Beitrag zur psychologischen Forschung über fortbestehende Bindungen mit den Toten und zur Anthropologie des Todes leisten können, indem sie ein entpathologisiertes Verständnis der Art und Weise, wie die Anwesenheit der Toten im Alltag als belastbare ontologische Erfahrung der trauernden Familie normalisiert wird, empirisch fundieren.
Assessment of Wire Offset While Machining EN-24 on WEDM
Authors:   Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Rizvi Syed Asghar Husain , Verma Durgesh ,   RR Institute of Modern Technology, Kisan Unni ,   Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University
Published: October 2024

Wire offset is the dimensional shift that is experienced while machining a job on Wire-EDM machine. This modeling of wire offset during machining of EN-24 (EN is Euro Norm) was performed implementing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Factors under consideration are peak current, on duration and off duration of pulse. Scanning Electron Microscopy was later performed for measurement of dimensional shift experienced under various machining conditions. The difference of programmed width and actual width obtained revealed the wire offset of the machined specimen. The tests revealed that Wire-EDM (Wire-Electro Discharge Machine) variables and Wire Offset can be modelled using Quadratic equations. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) depicted that quadratic term of peak current is crucial parameter for Wire offset trailed by off duration. Keeping medium level of electrical parameters will lead to lower wire offset. Further model validation was performed and the residual error for Wire Offset was found to be 2.43% which suggest the competence of the present model.
Comparative Study of Thermal Criteria and Fluid-Flow Criteria in Micro and Mini Channel Design Constrains with or without Insert Made of Aluminum Material
Authors:   Shivalik College of Engineering Dehradun, Kaushik Shivasheesh , Mehta Jagdish Singh ,   Graphic Era Hill University, Singh Satyendra ,   B.T.K.I.T Dwarahat, Mahar Vikas Singh ,   Shivalik College of Engineering Dehradun, Srivastav Ayushman ,   U.P.E.S. Dehradun, Kanoji Nikhil ,   U.P.E.S. Dehradun, Kumar Raja ,   Shivalik College of Engineering Dehradun, Vashisth Samriddhi ,   Shivalik College of Engineering Dehradun, Karki Shubham Singh ,   Shivalik College of Engineering Dehradun, Kumar Amit ,   G.B.P.I.E.T. Pauri, Bhandari Prabhakar ,   S.o.E.T. K. R. Mangalam University, Singh Desh Bandhu ,   Graphic Era Deemed to be University
Published: October 2024

Through experimental and simulation results, a comparison between mini and micro channels with inserts or without inserts is conducted; in this case, water is the only working fluid used for present experimentation. In order to research the fluid flow and micro channel features, the results of fluid flowing inside the mini channel and micro channel with insert or without insert separately were admitted. Experiments were performed for various operating and design parameters under counter-flow conditions, with hot water moving into a concentric tube with a 30 mm diameter at 0.00078 kg/sec flow rate. The fluid is moving separately through mini channels with a 2 mm diameter and micro channels with lower than 1 mm dia. at a varying flow rate 0.00015 kg/sec to 0.0062 kg/sec. The working temperatures for hot water and cold fluid were 323 K and 303K, respectively. According to the results, the suggested design of the micro channel with insert performed better than a conventional mini channel, micro channel without insert and mini channel with inserts due to the better thermal conductivity of the aluminum material, effective diameter (1mm) to length ratio of micro channel in which heat exchanges with minimum volume ratio and the additional exposed area made possible by the rectangular shape of the insert, whereas micro channel with micro insert having rectangular shape showing best results as compared with the other designs of channel due to the rich heat passage and effective pressure drop and temperature. Experimentation and simulation results are coming in positive direction, it is directly observed from the error percentage i.e. 2.41% to 4.29%.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Tensile Strength of the Developed Composite of Al 6065 in Stir Casting Process
Authors:   GLA University, Yadav Rajat , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar ,   GLA University
Published: October 2024

There are numerous techniques of producing metal matrix composites (MMC) like infiltration, stir casting process, sinter-forging, diffusion bonding etc. Stir casting process is amongst the most known technique to synthesize MMC. In current study an agro-based MMC is prepared by stir casting process using waste eggshell and rice husk as primary and secondary reinforcements and Al 6065 as base material. Process parameters (PP) have a major impact on tensile strength of finally prepared composite. The major factors also called as process parameters in stir casting process that is having a determining impact in tensile strength of hybrid MMC are temperature as well as speed of stirring, duration of stirring and temperature at which the reinforcement is allowed to be poured. The primary aim behind the current work is to evaluate the optimal values of process parameters in friction stir casting process. 9 separate samples have been prepared at different PP for analyzing tensile strength of composite and these samples were machined as per the ASTM standards for performing the test of tensile strength. It was concluded that maximum tensile strength value was found at a stirring speed of 320 rpm, optimal stirring temperature was 630°C and the time of stirring was 25 minutes. At these values of PP, the tensile strength of prepared composite was improved by 35% in contrast to that of the base material.
Smart Farming for Sustainable Agriculture: A Case Study through Korean Public TVET
Authors:   Korea Polytechnics Hongseong Campus, Kang Youngah , Wee Youngeun ,   Korea Polytechnics Seoul Jungsu Campus, Kim Woocheol ,   KOREATECH, Department of Human Resource Development
Published: October 2024

This study aims to present implications for sustainable education and training of the agricultural workforce. It introduces the case of a smart farm learning factory as an educational facility at Korea Polytechnics. Learning factory refers to the practical experience gained using the knowledge acquired in engineering education to solve problems in the actual work field. For this study, we analyzed the smart farm case of Hongseong Campus of Korea Polytechnics, a government-funded vocational education institution in Korea. The research questions are as follows. First, what is the purpose of establishing a smart farm education and training facility? Secondly, what is the performance of the facility? Thirdly, what are the implications of the Korean smart farm for sustainable TEVT? As a result of analyzing the case, the purpose of establishing the facility was to improve the practical capabilities of convergence technologies used in machinery, automation, industrial facilities, and electrical departments. Additionally, the performance has been found to serve as the foundation for project-based learning subjects that incorporate convergence education, and companies have been able to reduce training costs and contribute to sales profits by using this facility to train employees. Finally, the implication of sustainable TVET through smart farm cases is that it has provided a way to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning guidance at agricultural sites, create educational resources that can utilize advanced agricultural technologies for sustainable development, and actively cooperate and collaborate with educational institutions, governments, and local companies.
Black currant cultivars, developed at the Polli Horticultural Research Center (Estonia), in Northwest Russia
Authors: Tikhonova O. A. , Popov V. S.
Published: October 2024

Background. Introduction of new foreign cultivars makes it possible to expand the limits of the genetic potential of the VIR collection. A comprehensive study of such germplasm accessions is important for identifying sources of traits useful for breeding and the best cultivars for practical utilization. Materials and methods. Eight black currant cultivars released in Estonia were studied from 2015 through 2023 at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR. Conventional methods were used to test their adaptability and assess their main productivity indicators and berry quality. The resulting data were statistically processed in Microsoft Excel according to the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov. Results and conclusion. The studied cultivars appeared well adapted to the environments of Northwest Russia. The heat supply in Leningrad Province is optimal for their cultivation. Good adaptability, synchronized fruit ripening, stable yields, and fine taste of berries were demonstrated by cvs. ‘Almo’ (k-44169), ‘Albos’ (k-44167), ‘Elo’ (k-44171), ‘Karri’ (k-44172), ‘Mulgi Must’ (k-38061), ‘Musti’ (k-44173), and ‘Varmas’ (k-44174). They are recommended for amateur gardens in Northwest Russia. Cv. ‘Karri’ (k-44172) is a promising source of such traits as good self-fertility, large fruit size, stable yield, well-balanced taste, high anthocyanin content in berries, and resistance to American powdery mildew and gall mite. Cv. ‘Varmas’ is a source of earliness, high self-fertility, and dessert taste of berries.
Activity of photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant system in sunflower under drought stress
Authors: Fedorova D. G. , Nazarova N. M. , Ukenov B. S.
Published: October 2024

Background. The study is of particular importance in view of the increasing pace of global climate aridization. The article highlights the results of an experiment on the effect of drought on the physiological status of seedlings of cv. ‘Poseidon 625’ representing an important food crop – sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Materials and methods. The experiment included a group of control samples grown with sufficient moisture and four impact groups subjected to osmotic stress. The intensity of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) was measured by the reaction of malondialdehyde (MDA) with thiobarbeturic acid; catalase activity was assessed by a photocolorimetric method based on the interaction between hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide; the content of pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Сar) was calculated spectrophotometrically in acetone extract. Results. The degree of POL accumulation in the impact groups of the experiment was found to be many times higher than the values in the control samples, which was confirmed by a rapid increase in the MDA concentration in response to a growing water shortage. The accumulation of oxygen free radicals triggered the mechanisms of antioxidant protection of seedlings by synthesizing catalase, the concentration of which increased proportionally to the accumulation of POL. At the same time, the rapid accumulation of POL in the absence of irrigation and under osmotic stress of 3 and 5 atm led to a suppression of low-molecular-weight components of protection (carotenoids) and activation of their synthesis only when critical values of osmotic stress were reached. Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, catalase was identified as the main component of antioxidant protection in sunflower seedlings. Due to the activation of its synthesis, the concentrations of Chl a and Chl b decreased, attesting to the activation of the mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic activity in seedlings, and their antioxidant status.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RABBITS USING DIFFERENT GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CHERKASSY REGION
Authors: Vintoniv O. A. , Bashchenko M. I.
Published: October 2024

According to the results of the study of the process of forming indicators of meat productivity of rabbits of the California and silver breeds (n = 200 heads), which were raised on the farm using retro-keeping technologies (the rabbit farm of the "Rokitchenkov A. P." Cherkassy region) and in the conditions of the industrial type rabbit farm (the rabbit farm of the Cherkassy experimental Station of Bioresources of the NAAS, Cherkassy), a different level of realization of the potential of meat productivity by rabbits was established, both according to the breed and depending on the cultivation technology. It was established that during the entire period of the study, and in particular before slaughter, a probable predominance was noted in young animals, which were raised according to industrial technology, regardless of the breed, the difference when comparing the average values was 165–222 g (р < 0.01). In terms of breed affiliation, animals of the California breed had higher live weight indicators at this age. It was established that the maximum indicators of animal growth were registered for rabbits of the California breed at the age of 60–90 days; for animals of the silver breed, the process of forming the live weight indicator continued until the age of 120 days.
The obtained results indicate that rabbits of the meat direction of productivity have higher values of the index of body fatness (63.8–65.5%), which is typical for rabbits of this breed. This indicator is determined by the ratio of chest girth (27.0–27.2 cm) to the length of the trunk (41.5–42.3 cm) and has the following pattern: the larger the length of the trunk, the smaller the index of the whiplash. Among the analog groups, no significant difference was found in terms of the knockdown index in California rabbits. For rabbits of the silver breed, given the higher body length index (45.2–45.2 cm) with a slight difference in the chest girth index (24.7–25.0 cm), the body leanness index was 54.4–55.3%.
Based on the results of the study, it was established that the cultivation of rabbits using industrial technology, in our opinion, to a certain extent, neutralizes the effect of negative factors in the surrounding environment and makes it possible to effectively realize the potential of meat productivity.
INFLUENCE OF THE BREED AND BREEDING METHODS OF PIGS ON THEIR REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES AND GROWTH OF SUCKLING PIGLETS
Authors: Voshchenko I. B. , Povod M. G.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the dependence of the reproductive productivity of sows of English origin and the intensity of growth of their offspring on the direction of their selection for purebred (internally linear) breeding, crossing and hybridization and the influence of breed and breeding methods on their manifestation, as well as the degree of phenotypic dominance under direct and reverse crossing of parent breeds. It was established that the sows of the parental synthetic line were inferior to their counterparts of the maternal genotypes in terms of fertility, litter weight of piglets at birth, number of piglets at weaning, had a higher proportion of non-viable piglets at farrowing, but showed higher fertility, average daily and absolute gains, average weight of one piglet at weaning and better preservation of piglets until weaning.
It was proved that under the conditions of hybridization, domestic sows surpassed animals of the original maternal form only in terms of average daily growth, while animals of the parental form they prevailed in terms of multifertility, number of piglets at weaning, weight of the nest at birth and at weaning and were inferior to them in terms of high fertility, growth intensity, mass one piglet at weaning and preservation.
It was found that when two mother breeds were crossed, the effect of phenotypic dominance appeared in almost all indicators of reproductive performance, and its level depended on the combination of parent breeds.
It was proved that the breed factor had a probable influence on the number of piglets at weaning and the weight of the nest of weaned piglets. The method of pig breeding likely influenced the weight of one piglet at weaning, the weight of their litter during this period, and the number of piglets at weaning. The interaction of these two factors had an impact on the survival of the herd, on the number of piglets and the weight of the nest of piglets at weaning.
EFFICIENCY OF GROWING MEAT-WOOL FIELDS DEPENDING ON THE TONNAGE OF WOOL
Authors: Mykytyuk V. V. , Begma N. А. , Mokdat Sanaa Y. A.
Published: October 2024

In the article, based on the conducted research, considers the expediency of using wool fineness indicators in the selection process when growing meat-wool breeds.
Due to the lack of a comparative analysis of animal husbandry, experimental groups were formed conditionally and distributed according to the total number of herds. The first group of experimental animals included yaks with the thickness of wool fibers – 23.1–25.0 μm or 60th quality; to the II group with an average fiber diameter of 25.1–27.0 μm or 58th good quality;The III group consisted of ditches with a greater thickness of wool fibers – 27.1–29.0 μm or 56th good quality. In order to study the effectiveness of using fodder in production, three model groups of 10 head each at the age of 12 months were formed.
It was established that during the 60-day growing period, the indicators of absolute, average daily and relative growth in pits of II and III groups were higher. Feed costs per 1 kg of body weight gain amounted to 11.4 units in the first group and 1282 g of digestible protein, in the II and III groups, respectively, 10.3 units. and 1166 g and 10.4 k. units. and 1169 g of digestible protein.
Conducted studies have shown that the yaks with the tone of wool of the 56th quality are characterized by higher indicators in terms of live weight, development and wool productivity, which indicates their better adaptation to the natural and climatic conditions in which the farm is located.
Development of optimal compositions of coal blends for tamping. report 1. the research of raw materials for the possibility of their use in tamped charges
Authors: Miroshnychenko D.V. , Koval V.V. , Shulga I.V. , Sytnyk O.V. , Lutsenko Yu.V. , Kravchenko S.O. , Desna N.А.
Published: October 2024

It is shown that the coal used for coking with the tamping technology should be characterised by a low basicity index, the necessary levels of sintering and tamping to achieve cake stability when it is loaded into the coking chamber. Based on this, a comprehensive study of the properties of 15 components of hard coal charges (13 coal concentrates, sludge and flotation concentrate) was carried out in terms of their prospects as a raw material base using the technology of tamping coal charges. The analysis of the obtained results is presented. In particular, the evaluation of the shear strength of coal concentrates showed low values (from 9.6 to 12.6 kPa) of the shear force for all the studied samples. The strength of rammed cakes made from fine additives is significantly higher (σzz of flotation concentrate is 15.8 kPa, and sludge is 14.9 kPa), so an increase in their content in the charge will have a positive effect on the strength of the rammed cake. It has been established that the most accurate of the studied coal quality indicators, the tamping index σzz, is predicted by the Hardgrove rejuvenation coefficient and the thickness of the plastic layer. Prediction by volatile matter yield and free swelling index FSI is possible with medium accuracy, while the vitrinite reflection coefficient, Horn index and maximum compression index of Odibert-Arnoux are inaccurate. The heterogeneity of the samples for all the studied indicators characterising the fluid-plastic properties of coal was revealed. The optimums of the function of the tamping index were calculated, which are achieved at the following quality indicators: Vdaf = 25.7 %; Y = 14.3 mm; HGI = 69.6 units; R0 = 1.17 %; RI = 37.9 units; a = 1.9 %; FSI = 2.6 units. It was established that the optimum ramming properties are achieved at the values of classification indicators corresponding to coking coal. A positive feature of the tamping technology is the possibility of ensuring the specified set of properties by using not expensive and scarce coking coal, but a mixture of cheaper grades of low-baking, petrographically heterogeneous coal.. Keywords: coal, coal concentrates, coking, tamping, technological properties, testing, plastic-viscous properties, Hardgrove threshold. Corresponding author Miroshnychenko D.V., e-mail: dvmir79@gmail.com
Technical and economic prerequisites for the feasibility of creating of synthetic motor fuel production in Ukraine
Authors: Shulga I.V. , Kyzym M.O. , Haustova V.E. , Kotlyarov E.I. , Kostenko D.M.
Published: October 2024

The article formulates the main scenarios for organizing the supply of motor fuel to Ukraine. It is shown that a significant reduction in imports of motor fuel in the post-war period is possible only through the restoration and development of oil production and refining with the simultaneous search for options for organizing the production of synthetic motor fuel from non-oil raw materials. The article compares the technical characteristics of a full-cycle oil refinery and a plant producing synthetic motor fuels from coal. It is shown that in the USA and Western Europe, the depth of oil refining is 90-95 %. In Ukraine, these figures were much lower - only 72.1 %. In addition, the European Union's environmental standards governing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases from cars and specialized machinery are becoming stricter, which should stimulate the development of oil refining and transport engineering technologies. When synthetic motor fuels are produced, the degree of carbon conversion of the original fossil coal into the target light products is 56.0 %, which is objectively less than the depth of oil refining. Under such conditions, the main advantages of obtaining synthetic motor fuels from coal compared to oil refining for the conditions of our country are: reduction of import dependence of the country's economy; sulphur content in the products obtained meets the requirements of modern European standards; the depth of processing of synthetic products reaches 90 % and more with the use of relatively simple equipment; favorable technological properties of synthetic oil determine its price on the world market by about 30 % higher than the best light oil ‘brent’; the obtaining of a by-products of increased demand (light hydrocarbons, thermal and electrical energy); the possibility of obtaining synthetic base oils. Keywords: fossil coal, motor fuel, synthetic fuel, oil refining, refining depth, Nelson index. Corresponding author: I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua
Assessing Reliable and Valid Measurement as a Prerequisite for Informative Replications in Psychology
Authors: Goos Cas , Bakker Marjan , Wicherts Jelte M. , Nuijten Michele B.
Published: October 2024

For a replication to be informative, measurement should be reliable and valid in bothoriginal and replication studies. Recent studies have identified problems with measurementand measurement reporting in both original and replication studies, although theassociation between measurement and replicability remains unclear. We investigated thereliability and measurement reporting of 77 measures within 56 Many Labs replicationsand related original articles (Ebersole et al., 2016, 2020; Klein et al., 2014, 2018) andstudied their association with replicability. We found that not all measures weresufficiently reliable across contexts, and that only few measures were accompanied withreliability and validity evidence. Furthermore, “questionable measurement practices”(QMPs) in replication studies were associated with lower replicability, while original studyreliability was not. These results corroborate existing findings that construct validity inpublished research is often unknown, which may complicate replication research. We offersuggestions on improving measurement practices and argue that reported measurementinformation should inform the decision to replicate.
Psychological Correlates of Hearing Protective Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: de Zeeuw Tjeerd Idger , Peters Gjalt - Jorn Ygram , bolman catherine
Published: October 2024

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss is both irreversible and preventable. However, a minority of adolescents and young adults do engage in hearing protective behaviors that reduce the exposure to noise, such as the use of hearing protection and the use of a volume limiter. To promote hearing protective behaviors in adolescents and young adults it is imperative to know the most relevant, and potentially modifiable, psychological factors that stimulate or hinder these protective behaviors.Objective: The present study aims to offer a systematic literature overview of psychological correlates of hearing protective behaviors in adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 25 years, and identify those correlates that are likely to be the most promising behavioral intervention targets in this age group.Conclusions: A total of 82 studies were included in the present review, of which data of 24 studies could be used to help identify the psychological factors most strongly associated with hearing protective behavior. Taking into account both the strength of the associations and the univariate distributions, the following psychological factors showed the greatest potential as behavioral intervention targets: attitude toward recreational noise, perceived barriers, capacity, perceived norms, and perceived threat susceptibility. The outcomes of the present review may help guide the development of more effective behavioral interventions to prevent noise-induced hearing loss in younger age groups.
Crash risk factors and prediction on horizontal curves on the Western Australian rural road network
Authors: Albrecht Matthew
Published: October 2024

Horizontal curves are associated with a higher crash risk than straight/tangential sections. There is a need to understand the factors that contribute to crash risk on WA rural roads and identify possible treatments, especially lower cost treatments that might be more broadly applied. The project aims evaluate risk factors for crashes on horizontal curves and determine whether predicting sites with future crashes is feasible. Data from crashes that occurred on curves between 2017-2021 on the rural road network were used. Risk factor assessment utilised a cross-sectional design, with 7,291 curved road segments on the State rural network identified by Main Roads. Formal generalised linear models with a negative binomial link function were used to analyse the crash data. Significant predictors of crash rate were traffic volume, curve radius, and length (positive, i.e., longer segments have more crashes). Posted speed limit was an additional significant predictor in the model for all crashes, where 110 km/h sites had a lower crash rate compared to 80 km/h sites. Additional variables found to be significantly associated with risk were carriageway, barriers, pavement width, and rainfall. Limitations with cross-sectional analyses potentially confound interpretations of some statistically significant variables, e.g., there are issues related to endogeneity with treatments like barriers that are often placed on more dangerous segments of road. Predictive ability to identify curve sites at risk at higher crashes was relatively low.
Qualia structures collapse for geometric shapes, but not faces, when spatial attention is withdrawn
Authors: Rowe Elise , Takeda Ken , Oizumi Masafumi , D'Souza Joanita , van Boxtel Jeroen , Tsuchiya Naotsugu
Published: October 2024

The effects of top-down attention on perception have been intensively studied using binary categorization tasks (e.g., seen vs. unseen). However, such tasks poorly characterise the quality of experience, or qualia, for short. To characterise attentional effects on qualia, we combined a dual-task attention paradigm with similarity rating tasks to examine whether relational structures of qualia are altered by top-down attentional amplification. Under the same physical input, withdrawing attention collapsed the structures of qualia of letters (N=14) and red/green bisected disks (N=14), but not of faces (N=13), as quantified via a novel unsupervised optimal transport alignment technique. Alignment accuracy was high for face qualia structures obtained under the fully versus poorly attended conditions but not for the letters and disks. Our novel approach that combines similarity ratings, quantitative alignment and attentional perturbation is a powerful new approach to elucidate the structural properties of consciousness.
Empirical perspectives on legal obligation and group membership: “We are ruling over you, but you are part of this we…”
Authors: Jackson Jonathan , Bradford Ben
Published: October 2024

The legitimacy of legal institutions, particularly the police, has consistently been linked to questions of obligation and compliance. According to procedural justice theory, when the police enforce the law in normatively appropriate ways, consensual rather than coercive policing bolsters not only their own legitimacy, but also that of the law. On this account, procedural justice promotes compliance by fostering a sense of trust, shared group membership and endeavour, whereby being law-abiding is a central part of one’s identity and self-definition. Yet, other aspects of police behaviour, and other aspects of people’s relationships with police, also promote legitimacy and motivate behaviours in relation to the law. In this chapter, we ask what it is precisely about people’s relationships with police that promotes legal obligation. We argue that legal obligation is partly shaped by consensual policing practices that encourage people to allow legal authorities to “call the shots”. This means (a) conceding and authorising the right to make orders and decisions, and (b) opening oneself up to the risk attached to engaging with police. In providing examples of the empirical processes in play here, we also seek to make links to normative accounts of the importance of fairness and the reasons why people should obey the police and legal authorities.
Unpacking the Integration Paradox: The Impact of Muslim Religion, Destination Context, and Personal Characteristics on Perceived Discrimination
Authors: Molteni Francesco , Pellicciotti Arianna
Published: October 2024

Perceived discrimination is the feeling of belonging to a group targeted by discrimination. This paper examines three mechanisms identified in the literature that contribute to this perception among migrants: exposure to actual discrimination through social contacts, language proficiency and awareness, and unmet aspirations. Using a subset of the European Social Survey dataset, which includes approximately 45,000 first- and second-generation migrants, we analyse the effects of individual characteristics (migrant generation, language skills, social contacts, education, and training) and contextual characteristics (integration policies) on perceived discrimination. Our findings reveal the existence of an "Integration Paradox," particularly for Muslim migrants. More integrated Muslim migrants, especially those from the second generation, report higher levels of perceived discrimination. We also find that the integration setting does not have a direct effect but moderates the relationship between migrant generation and perceived discrimination. Notably, second-generation Muslim migrants feel most discriminated against in countries with "intermediate" levels of integration policies, suggesting short-term unintended consequences of such policies. These findings underscore the importance of paying close attention to this group in the present and near future, especially given their steadily increasing presence in European societies.
Prospect of Economic Cooperation in South Asia
Authors: Shrestha B. P.
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
Corporate Taxation: An Agenda for Reform
Authors: Thapa Govinda Bahadur
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
أثر سلوك المستهلك في إستراتيجية التسويق في شركة دال للمنتجات الغذائية - السودان (2016م ــ 2022م)
Authors: حسن هزبر علي رضيمة الفراجي  , عبد الخالق دينار عبد الله إبراهيم  , سيف الدين حسن عبيد إبراهيم
Published: October 2024

تناولت الدراسة أثر سلوك المستهلك في إستراتيجية التسويق بالتطبيق على شركة دال للمنتجات الغذائية (2016م ــ 2022م)،يعد المستهلك نقطة الانطلاق لإعداد السياسات الإستراتيجية التسويقية الحديثة ، و لا سيما في ظل المفهوم الحديث للتسويق القائم على أساس فكرة " إنتاج ما يمكن تسويقه"، أين وحدت المؤسسة نفسها مضطرة لمواكبة هذا التحول الذي عرفه التسويق ، محاولة السعي و بكل السبل لدراسة سلوك للمستهلك ، و التعرف على العوامل الداخلية منها و الخارجية التي تؤثر في قرارات الاقتناء التي يتخذها المستهلك .
ومن ثم وفي ظل الكم الهائل من المنتجات التي تعرض للتسويق، أصبح لزاما على كل مؤسسة أن تدرس مشترك مستهلكيها، للتمكن من التحكم في لعبة المنافسة من جهة، وتصل إلى مستوى طموح مستهلكيها من جهة أخرى.
R&D Program for A-USC Material Development with Creep Strength/Degradation Assessment Studies
Authors: Masuyama Fujimitsu
Published: October 2024

Recently advanced ultra-super critical (A-USC) pressure power plants with 700°C class steam parameters have been under development worldwide. Japanese material R&D program for A- USC beside the plant R&D program started in 2008, launched in 2007 under the METI/NEDO foundation includes not only alloy design explores and novel ideas for developing new steels and alloys that can fill critical needs in building 700°C class advanced power plants, but also fundamental studies on creep strength and degradation assessment, which are absolutely needed to assure the long-term safe use of newly developed steels and alloys at critical temperature conditions, for instance, 650°C for ferritic steels, 700°C for austenitic steels and 750°C for Ni- based alloys. This program concept has been based on the lessons from materials issues recently experienced in the creep strength enhanced ferritic steels used for 600°C class ultra-super critical power plants. Particular outputs from the program up to now are recognized as the ferritic steel having the creep strength of 100MPa at 650°C beyond 30,000h without any Type IV degradation and as the austenitic steel developed by means of inter-metallic compounds precipitation strengthening of grain boundary which should be strongest in creep ever found. Concurrently great progresses have been seen in the research works with positron annihilation life monitoring method applicable to various kinds of defects, structural free energy values, small punch creep test data for very limited interest area, crystallographic analyses, optimum time-temperature parameter regional creep rupture curve fitting method, hardness model, etc. which would highly contribute to find out and establish the structural parameters affecting to creep strength and degradation resulting in accurately estimating the 100,000h creep strength.
Microstructural Evolution in Nimonic 263 for High-Temperature Power Plants
Authors: Smith S.A. , West G.D. , Chi K. , Gamble W. , Thomson R.C.
Published: October 2024

To address current energy and environmental demands, the development and implementation of more efficient power plants is crucial. This efficiency improvement is primarily achieved by increasing steam temperatures and pressures, necessitating the introduction of new materials capable of withstanding these extreme conditions. Nickel-based alloys emerge as prime candidates for high-temperature and high-pressure applications, offering significant creep strength and the ability to operate at metal temperatures above 750°C. This research focuses specifically on steam header and pipework systems, which are critical components carrying steam from boilers to turbines under severe operating conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting suitable materials for these components and developing methodologies to predict their safe operating lifetimes, thereby ensuring the reliable and efficient operation of next-generation power plants.
Long-Term Creep Properties of 2.25Cr-1.6W-VNbB Steel (T23/P23) for Fossil Fired and Heat Recovery Boilers
Authors: Okada H. , Igarashi M. , Yoshizawa M. , Matsumoto S. , Nakashima T. , Iseda A.
Published: October 2024

The creep enhanced low alloy steel with 2.25Cr-1.6W-V-Nb (HCM2S; Gr.23, ASME CC2199) has been originally developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. The steel tubes and pipe (T23/P23) are now widely used for fossil fired power plants all over the world. Recently, the chemical composition requirements for ASME Code of the steel have been changed and a new Code Case 2199-4 has been issued with the additional restriction regarding Ti, B, N and Ni, and the Ti/N ratio incorporated. In this study, the effects of additional elements of Ti, N and B on the mechanical properties and microstructure of T23/P23 steels have been evaluated. It is found that N decreases the hardenability of the steel by forming BN type nitride and thus consuming the effective B, which is a key element for hardening of the steel. The addition of Ti, on the other hand, enhances the hardenability of the steel by precipitating TiN and thus increasing the effective B. It is also found that too much addition of Ti degrades the Charpy impact property and creep ductility of the steel to a great extent. This phenomenon might affect the steel's long-term creep rupture properties, although a steel with the original chemical composition has demonstrated high creep strength at temperatures up to 600°C for more than 110,000 h.
Characterization of Steam-Formed Oxides on Candidate Materials for USC Boilers
Authors: Sarver J. M. , Tanzosh J. M.
Published: October 2024

In the “Boiler Materials for Ultrasupercritical Coal Power Plants” program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Ohio Coal Development Office, various materials are being assessed for their suitability in the high-temperature, high-pressure environment of advanced ultrasupercritical (A-USC) boilers. Beyond mechanical properties and fireside corrosion resistance, these materials must also exhibit adequate steamside oxidation and exfoliation resistance. A comprehensive database of steamside oxidation test results at temperatures relevant to A-USC conditions has been compiled over recent years. These tests have been conducted on ferritic and austenitic materials with chromium content ranging from 2 to 26%. The specimens were evaluated for oxidation kinetics and oxide morphology. The findings indicate that steamside oxidation behavior is significantly affected by temperature, the chromium content of the material, and the ability of chromium to diffuse through the material's crystallographic lattice structure. Additionally, surface treatments have been applied to enhance the steamside oxidation resistance of certain materials. While these treatments have shown potential, their effectiveness can be limited by the operational temperatures.
Creep Rupture Strength and Microstructural Investigation of 12 % Cr Steel Large Forgings for Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbine Rotors
Authors: Mikami M. , Wakeshima Y. , Miyata T.
Published: October 2024

10CrMoWVNbN (X 12 CrMoWVNbN 10 1 1) steel trial forgings has been manufactured to clarify the effect of austenitizing temperature on the creep rupture strength and microstructure. From the results of creep rupture tests up to 30,000 hours, higher austenitizing temperature improves the rupture strength without large degradation of the rupture ductility. The microstructural investigations demonstrate that the prior austenite grain size and the precipitation behavior of fine M2X particles are presumed to contribute to the improvement of creep rupture strength.