bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landasan Teoritis Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hudiyanto Amin , Tasman Hamami  , Syakur Wildan
Published: May 2024

The Islamic religious education curriculum needs to balance this by developing the existing curriculum by utilizing technology and science to be used as more efficient methods and media. In discussing the development of Islamic education curriculum and also the decision of the Minister of Religion regarding the curriculum in madrasas. This is related to several aspects such as the nature of the Islamic religious education curriculum, the development of the Islamic religious education curriculum according to the figures, and the theoretical basis for the development of the Islamic religious education curriculum. The development of the Islamic religious education curriculum is an important component in the world of education which refers to the preparation and planning of learning, the learning process or implementation, and also the evaluation of learning to assess whether or not a lesson has been achieved in an institution in particular or in general. By studying the development of Islamic religious education curriculum according to experts and leaders and used properly to develop an Islamic religious education curriculum that is appropriate and effective in achieving the goals of Islamic religious education.
Kurangnya Minat Remaja Dalam Belajar Al-Qur’an Akibat Pengaruh Canggihnya Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Isabellapavytha Valda , Ainin Munawaroh  , Munawir
Published: May 2024

This research is a literature study using data sourced from textbooks, journals, observational data, and other sources relevant to the topic to be discussed. The literature study in this study focuses on the lack of interest in adolescents in learning the Qur'an caused by the sophistication of information technology, especially gadgets. The purpose of this research is of course to explore the causal factors and solutions to the problems that are the focus of this research. The results of research through several sources of literature reveal that the causes of the lack of interest in student learning can come from themselves, teachers and parents so that the solution in solving this problem must be faced by several parties concerned. One of the factors causing the problem is that the teacher has not been able to provide learning with a method that is suitable for students' abilities so they tend to get bored. The solution to this problem is that teachers should study more deeply about several methods that can be applied to students.
Peran Orang Tua Dalam Membentuk Karakter Anak Berdasarkan Surah Luqman Ayat 17-19; Perspektif Tafsir Al-Misbah
Authors: Muhammad Fariq Wan , Rosyada Amrina , Rahma Dhini Ulfa
Published: May 2024

Children are the trust entrusted by Allah SWT to parents to raise them to be sholeh and sholeha children. This shows that parents have a great responsibility for the education of their children. Because the success of parents in raising their children will affect his future. Thus, through QS Luqman verses 17-19 provide examples of how parents educate a child. This study aims to find out what education parents need to instill in a child to have charisma based on QS Luqman verses 17-19. The method used by research is the library research method that refers to various data sources. The results of this study explain that in QS Luqman verses 17-19 there are two forms of education that parents need to instill in their children. The education consists of creed education and moral education. Religious education includes worshiping Allah SWT, carrying out amar ma'ruf and staying away from nahi mungkar, and being patient. While moral education includes not being arrogant / arrogant, always being simple and gentle in word and deed.
Pengaruh Leverage terhadap Return Saham dan Peranan Kebijakan Deviden sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Meliza  , Ningrum Erliana Versia , Putri Citradika Didha
Published: May 2024

Leverage yang menggambarkan tingkat hutang perusahaan merupakan salah satu indikator kinerjakeuangan yang menjadi pertimbangan investor dalam berinvestasi pada saham. Tingkat leverage yangtinggi dapat mengurangi daya beli investor dan berdamak pada menurunnya harga saham dan returnsaham. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh leverage terhadap returnsaham perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini jugamenganalisis peranan kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderasi dari pengaruh leverage terhadapreturn saham. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa EfekIndonesia tahun 2018 hingga 2022, sedangkan jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 16 bank.Analisis pada penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan regresi berganda dengan random-effect model. Ujinormalitas, multikolineritas, heteroskedastisitas, Langrange Multiplier test dan Hausman test jugadigunakan pada analisis. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh yangsignifikan terhadap return saham. Hasil analisis regresi menggunakan variabel moderasi menujukkanbahwa kebijakan dividen tidak berhasil memoderasi pengaruh antara leverage dengan return saham
Pengaruh Transaksi Hubungan Istimewa, Capital Intensity Dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Effective Tax Rate
Authors: Ginanjar Yogi , Rahmayani Melia Wida , Sandra Dewi Carolyne Paramitha
Published: May 2024

Tarif Pajak Efektif (Effective Tax Rate) mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase perusahaanmembayar pajak sebenarnya terhadap laba komersial yang diperoleh perusahaan. Persentase tarif pajak efektifperusahaan mengalami penurunan cukup besar yang disebabkan akibat terjadinya penurunan tingkat labaperusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh Transaksi Hubungan Istimewa, CapitalIntensity, dan Inventory Intensity terhadap Effective Tax Rate pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanandan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2022. Jenis data yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini yaitu data kuantitatif dan sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis verifikatif. Populasi dalam penelitian iniadalah Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode2017-2022. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik Purposive Samplingsehingga diperoleh sampel sebanyak 10 perusahaan dengan total sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 60 datasampel. Model analisis terpilih yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Fixed Effect Model yang dilakukan olehbantuan program komputer Eviews 9. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linierberganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Transaksi Hubungan Istimewa tidak berpengaruh terhadapEffective Tax Rate. Capital Intensity berpengaruh terhadap Effective Tax Rate. Inventory Intensity tidak berpengaruhterhadap Effective Tax Rate
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Teknologi, Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Terhadap Efektivitas SIA
Authors: Maharani Nabila Putri , Suhartono Entot , Setiawanta Yulita , Durya Ngurah Pandji Mertha Agung
Published: May 2024

Kualitas pelayanan yang dianggap kurang optimal pada Bank Jateng dapat muncul dari berbagai faktor,seperti lambatnya respons terhadap kebutuhan nasabah, kesulitan dalam akses informasi, ataukegagalan dalam menangani transaksi dengan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisispengaruh pemanfaatan teknologi, kompetensi sumber daya manusia, dan tingkat pendidikan terhadapefektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi di Bank Jateng Cabang Utama. Pengumpulan data dilakukanmelalui kuesioner dengan populasi sebanyak 144 responden dan sampel sebanyak 70 responden yangdipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linearberganda dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapemanfaatan teknologi, kompetensi sumber daya manusia, dan tingkat pendidikan secara signifikanmemengaruhi efektivitas sistem informasi akuntansi di Bank Jateng Cabang Utama.
PHILOSOPHICAL VALUE OF SUMANGET KA-SUMEDANGAN IN EFFORTS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS' CHARACTER IN SUMEDANG REGENCY
Authors: Fawzi Mochamad Ikbal , Maryani Enok
Published: May 2024

The cultivation of local culture and wisdom is important as an effort to minimize the impact of globalization on elementary school students. Sumanget Ka-Sumedang is one of the cultural heritages in the form of ideas or concepts from the Sumedang regency. This research would to analyze the philosophical value of Sumanget Ka-sumedangan in an effort to instill the character of students in Sumedang Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques, observation, literature study, and documentation study. This research employs qualitative data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that out of the 7 schools examined in the study, one school implemented a program oriented towards the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedang comprehensively. Other schools carried out activity programs without being based on Sumanget Ka-Sumedang, although there were still aspects of character value development present. The predominant types of activities chosen for implementation were through habituation and school culture. Philosophically, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang portrays the ideal Sumedang community, where individuals possess traits such as optimism, critical thinking, spiritual integrity, discipline, intelligence, politeness, and patience. Despite its longstanding existence, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang remains relevant to the challenges faced by the community today. The implementation of activity programs in educational units oriented to the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedangan is the right way to instill the character of students.
UTILIZING SNAKES AND LADDERS MEDIA IN LEARNING MATHEMATIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Ukhti Hanifah Tiarawati  , Sukartono
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the selection of learning methods that are not appropriate, resulting in a lack of interest in learning in students, especially in mathematics. The fact found in the field is that teachers in learning activities only use the lecture method, this causes the learning to feel very monotonous so that students feel bored and lack interest in learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of snakes and ladders media in learning math with length, weight, and time material in standard units in grade 2 in elementary school.  This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. This research data consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection used interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data validity used source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of snakes and ladders media in learning mathematics material on length, weight, and time in standard units can foster students' interest in learning. The selection of media in the form of a snakes and ladders game can foster students' interest in learning which is indicated by the interest, enthusiasm, and enthusiasm of students in playing the media and involving the active role of students so that learning is fun.
TEACHER PERCEPTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A DEMOCRATIC CLASSROOM ATMOSPHERE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Rahmadilla Putri Berliana  , Habiby Wahdan Najib
Published: May 2024

The implementation of a democratic classroom atmosphere in elementary schools is still very rare because most of them are still authoritarian and focus on the teacher, even though a democratic classroom atmosphere is very important because it can foster students' enthusiasm for learning, increase student participation in learning, teach democratic values, and create a classroom culture that reflects democratic character. Therefore, this research is important to find out the strategies and ways that teachers can create a democratic classroom atmosphere by recognizing the diverse characteristics of their students. Part of the purpose of this research is to find out teachers' understanding of a democratic classroom atmosphere, efforts, forms of implementation, and evaluations made by teachers in implementing a democratic classroom atmosphere in elementary schools. This study used a sample of 30 students from grades V and VI of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research by describing the data that has been obtained and analyzing the results of the research. Data were collected through classroom observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis of research results using transcription and classification. The results in this study show that teachers have successfully implemented a democratic classroom atmosphere. Teacher perceptions are in accordance with the concept of a democratic classroom atmosphere, teacher efforts and implementation are carried out by fostering active participation of students in discussion activities, providing equal access and facilities, appreciation, interpreting diversity, and giving students freedom to express and speak without fear of being punished. Teacher evaluation uses reflection and direct observation during learning.
THE INFLUENCE OF ROLE-PLAYING METHOD ON THE SOLUTION OF MATHEMATICAL STORY PROBLEMS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Zakia Neneng , Alpian Yayan , Prawiyogi Anggy Giri
Published: May 2024

Mathematics plays a crucial role in shaping students' thinking patterns to face daily life challenges. However, many students struggle with solving mathematical story problems, making the low ability of students in solving mathematical story problems a serious concern. This study aims to examine the effect of the role-playing method on students' ability to solve mathematical story problems in the topic of numbers in fifth-grade students at SDN Palumbonsari 1. This research uses a quantitative descriptive experimental approach with a Pretest Post-test Nonquivalent Control Group design. The sample of this study is fifth-grade students at SDN Palumbonsari 1 selected randomly, with class VC as the experimental group (role-playing method) and class VB as the control group (conventional method). The instrument used is an essay test that has been validated and tested on students outside the research sample. Data analysis was performed using normality and homogeneity tests, as well as hypothesis testing with Paired Samples Test. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant difference between the average learning outcomes of students before and after the treatment. Students who received learning with the role-playing method showed a more significant improvement in their ability to solve mathematical story problems compared to students who received conventional learning. In conclusion, the use of the role-playing method in mathematics learning can improve students' ability to solve mathematical story problems. This method makes learning more meaningful, enjoyable, and can increase student engagement in learning.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan Bulat Melalui Cerita Si Unyil Berbasis ICT
Authors: Lisnani  , Pranoto Yohanes H
Published: May 2024

Hasil belajar siswa yang dibawah standar menunjukkan siswa kurang memahami konsep pada materi bilangan bulat. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi bilangan bulat melalui penggunaan media pembelajaran yaitu cerita Si Unyil berbasis ICT, yang terlihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Siklus yang terjadi dalam PTK terdiri dari dua siklus, dimana tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIIA SMP Xaverius 6 Palembang yang berjumlah 26 orang. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisa data observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan deskriptif kuanlitatif yaitu menganalisa hasil tes. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa peningkatan pemahaman konsep terlihat dari meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa dari siklus pertama sebesar 57,84 meningkat pada siklus kedua menjadi 71,19.
Under-standard learning outcomes of students show students do not understand the concepts in integer material. This study aims to increase students' understanding of the concepts of integers through the use of instructional media, namely the ICT-based Si Unyil story, which can be seen from the increase in student learning outcomes. This type of research is qualitative research, Classroom Action Research (CAR). The cycle that occurs in CAR consists of two cycles, where each cycle consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were the students of class VIIA Xaverius 6 Palembang Junior High, totaling 26 people. Research data were collected using observation sheets, tests, and documentation. Qualitative descriptive is used to analyze observation and documentation data. While quantitative descriptive analysis of test results. The results of this study in the form of an increased understanding of the concept can be seen from the increase in student learning outcomes from the first cycle of 57.84 increased in the second cycle to 71.19.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran dan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Rismen Sefna , Mardiyah Ainil , Puspita Ega M
Published: May 2024

Latar belakang penelitian adalah rendahnya kemampuan penalaran dan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan penalaran dan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas XI MIA (Matematika dan Ilmu Alam) SMAN 1 Koto Salak Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes, wawancara, dan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIA SMAN 1 Koto Salak sebanyak 27 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kriteria kemampuan penalaran dan komunikasi matematis siswa sangat baik sebanyak 3 orang, baik sebanyak 6 orang, cukup sebanyak 7 orang, kurang sebanyak 9 orang, dan sangat kurang sebanyak 2 orang. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran dan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas XI MIA SMAN 1 Koto Salak dominan berada pada kriteria kurang baik.
The background of the research is the low mathematical reasoning and communication skills of students. This study aims to assess the mathematical reasoning and communication skills of students of class XI in the Science program of Senior High School No 1 (SMAN 1) in Koto Salak, Dharmasraya Regency. The research method used was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach while the instruments used are in the form of tests, interviews, and observations, with 27 students as the research subjects. The results showed that the criteria of students’mathematical reasoning and communication skills as follows; very good as many as 3 people, good as many as 6 people, fairly good as many as 7 people, bad as many as 9 people, and very bad as many as 2 people. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mathematical reasoning and communication skills of students in class XI in the Science Program of Senior High School No. 1 Koto Salak are in poor criteria.
Proses Metakognisi Siswa SMP dalam Pemecahan Masalah Perbandingan Senilai dan Berbalik Nilai
Authors: Setyaningrum Defi U , Mampouw Helti L
Published: May 2024

Proses metakognisi yakni awareness, regulation, dan evaluation menjadi bagian penentu keberhasilan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses metakognisi siswa SMP dalam memecahkan masalah perbandingan senilai dan berbalik nilai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 siswa SMP Negeri 2 Tengaran yang masing-masing berkemampuan matematika tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses awareness ketiga subjek adalah mampu menggunakan pengetahuan awal yang dapat membantunya untuk memecahkan masalah.  Proses regulation subjek berkemampuan matematika tinggi dan sedang sama-sama mampu merencanakan dan berfikir ulang langkah yang akan digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah, di mana hal ini tidak muncul pada subjek berkemamuan matematika rendah. Pada proses evaluation, subjek berkemampuan tinggi mampu memiliki cara lain dalam pemecahan, subjek berkemampuan matematika sedang mampu menyelesaikan masalah dan merevisi beberapa kesalahan, sedangkan subjek berkemampuan matematika rendah tidak mengalami proses ini dan tidak menyadari kesalahannya dalam memecahkan   masalah perbandingan berbalik nilai.
The metacognition process, namely awareness, regulation, and evaluation, is a critical determinant of student success in solving problems. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of metacognition of junior high school students in solving problems of comparative worth and turn around values. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of the study consisted of 3 students from SMP Negeri 2 Tengaran, each with high, medium, and low mathematical abilities. Data collection was carried out using tests and interviews. The results showed that the awareness process of the three subjects was able to use initial knowledge that could help him to solve problems. The process of regulation of subjects with high mathematical ability and being equally able to plan and rethink steps that will be used to solve problems, where this does not appear on subjects with low mathematical ability. In the evaluation process, high-skilled subjects can have other ways of solving, mathematical-capable subjects can solve problems and revise some errors, while low-mathematical-capable subjects do not experience this process and are unaware of their mistakes in solving the problem of reversing value comparison.
Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita pada Materi Aritmatika Sosial Menurut Polya
Authors: Pitriani Yesi , Ocktaviaini Nuke N
Published: May 2024

Kesalahan siswa dalam memecahkan suatu persoalan matematika dalam bentuk cerita pada matematika dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya dalam memahami masalah dan konsep materi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan siswa dalam materi aritmatika sosial dengan tes berbasis pemecahan masalah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan mengambil siswa yang sudah mempelajari materi aritmatika sosial disalah satu SMP di Kota Cimahi. Selanjutnya dipilih secara purposive sampling 3 siswa yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi, kemampuan sedang dan kemampuan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya beberapa kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal, disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam menuliskan angka, kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal yang disebabkan kurangnya memamahi soal, dan konsep pada materi yang berkaitan.
Student mistakes in solving a mathematical problem in the form of a story in mathematics are influenced by a lack of understanding of the problem and the concept of the material. The purpose of this study was to determine students' mistakes in social arithmetic material with problem-based test questions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method, by taking a class that has studied social arithmetic material in one of the City of Cimahi. Furthermore, from one class selectively selected 3 students with low, medium, and high ability. The results of the study showed that there were some errors of students in doing the problems, which were caused by errors in writing the calculation of numbers, and students' errors in solving the questions due to lack of understanding of the concepts and problems in the related material.
Perbandingan TAI dan NHT terhadap Hasil Belajar Trigonometri Ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Interpersonal
Authors: Setiawan Yoga , Prihatnani Erlina
Published: May 2024

Setiap model pembelajaran kooperatif memiliki karakteristik dalam menerapkan enam prinsip pembelajaran kooperatif termasuk model Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) dan Numbered Heads Together (NHT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui manakah yang menghasilkan hasil belajar yang lebih baik diantara (1) model TAI dan NHT, (2) tingkat kecerdasan interpersonal, dan (3) interaksi model pembelajaran TAI dan NHT dengan kecerdasan interpersonal. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA N 1 Salatiga Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 (384 siswa). Melalui teknik cluster random sampling diperoleh 30 siswa kelas X IPS 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan 34 siswa kelas X IPS 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 dengan perbedaan perlakuan dalam pembelajaran trigonometri. Penelitian eksperimen semu ini menggunakan randomized control group pretest-postest design. Uji hipotesis menyimpulkan (1) hasil belajar siswa dengan model TAI secara signifikan lebih baik daripada NHT, (2) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan dari tingkat kecerdasan interpersonal yang berbeda, (3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kecerdasan interpersonal terhadap hasil belajar.
Each type of cooperative learning model has different characteristics in applying 6 principles of cooperative learning, including TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) and NHT (Numbered Head Together) type models. This study aimed to find out: (1) which learning outcomes are better between students using the TAI or NHT models, (2) which learning outcomes are better between students with high, medium and low interpersonal intelligence levels, (3) is there any correlation between TAI and NHT learning models with interpersonal intelligence on student learning outcomes. The population in this study were all students of X grade at SMA N 1 Salatiga in the Academic Year 2018/2019 (384 students). Through assembling random sampling techniques obtained students of class X IPS 1 (30 students) as experimental class I and students of class X IPS 2 (34 students) as experimental class II with different treatment in learning mathematics on trigonometry material. This quasi-experimental research used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Hypothesis test results concluded that (1) student learning outcomes with the TAI model were significantly better than student learning outcomes with the NHT model, (2) there was no significant difference between student learning outcomes of different levels of interpersonal intelligence, (3) there were no interactions between models learning with interpersonal intelligence on student learning outcomes.
Bioactive peptides as alternative treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Franca-Oliveira Giselle , Hernández-Ledesma Blanca , Martinez-Rodriguez Adolfo
Published: May 2024

The infection and chronic inflammatory response generated by Helicobacter pylori is a global health concern. This pathogen is characterized as a major risk factor in the development of gastric cancer and other diseases. Conventional eradication therapies are based on antibiotic regimens and as a consequence there is an increase in antimicrobial resistance of the pathogen strains, besides other potential side effects for the host. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new alternatives. This review delves into the realm of antimicrobial peptides, exploring their efficacy against H. pylori sourced from diverse origins. Furthermore, it sheds light on food-derived peptides exhibiting remarkable biological activity. These peptides exhibit promising effects on biomarkers associated with H. pylori infection, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties validated through rigorous testing in both cell and animal models. Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the peptide VPY derived from soybean and the peptides derived from animal sources such as meat (β-Ala-His), egg (DEDTQAMPFR, DEDTQAMPF, MLGATSL, MSYSAGF, CR, FL, HC, LL, MK) and milk (IPAV) have reported a reduction of the cytokine IL-8, biomarker directly related to H. infection.  For the antioxidant activity, peptides derived from milk (EAMAPK, AVPYPQ) and from Spirulina maxima (LDAVNR, MMLDF) have reduced ROS levels and could have a positive effect on the control of H. infection. Food-derived bioactive peptides with an anti-adhesive effect were also discussed. They derive from vegetable sources (corn, pea and wheat) and are capable of interacting with the host cells, interfering the adherence of H. pylori. Food-derived bioactive peptides have potential to avoid and/or mitigate undesired outcomes of infectious diseases due to the possibility of its application in nutraceuticals and food products, resulting in a preventive approach.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic resistance, bioactive peptides, antimicrobial peptides
Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched miRNA-Biomarkers Show Improved Utility for Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia and Medial Temporal Atrophy
Authors: Chai Yuek Ling , Strohm Lea , Zhu Yanan , Chia Rachel S.L. , Chong Joyce Ruifen , Suresh Danesha Devini , Zhou Li Han , Too Heng Phon , Hilal Saima , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Koo Edward H. , Chen Christopher P. , Poplawski Gunnar Heiko Dirk
Published: May 2024

Background:

Emerging diagnostic modalities suggest that miRNA profiles within extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from peripheral blood specimens may provide a non-invasive diagnostic alternative for dementia and neurodegenerative disorders. Given that EVs confer a protective environment against miRNA enzymatic degradation, the miRNAs enriched in the EV fraction of blood samples could serve as more stable and clinically relevant biomarkers compared to those obtained from serum.

Objective:

To compare miRNAs isolated from EVs versus serum in blood taken from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia patients and control cohorts.

Methods:

We compared 25 AD patients to 34 individuals who exhibited no cognitive impairments (NCI). Subjects were Singapore residents with Chinese heritage. miRNAs purified from serum versus blood-derived EVs were analyzed for associations with AD dementia and medial temporal atrophy detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Compared to serum-miRNAs, we identified almost twice as many EV-miRNAs associated with AD dementia, and they also correlated more significantly with medial temporal atrophy, a neuroimaging marker of AD-brain pathology. We further developed combination panels of serum-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs with improved performance in identifying AD dementia. Dominant in both panels was miRNA-1290.

Conclusions:

This data indicates that miRNA profiling from EVs offers diagnostic superiority. This underscores the role of EVs as vectors harboring prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders and suggests their potential in yielding novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis.
Caffeoylquinic Acid Mitigates Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Decline in 5XFAD Mice Without Reducing the Amyloid-β Plaque Burden
Authors: Suganuma Takaya , Hatori Sena , Chen Chung-Kuan , Hori Satoshi , Kanuka Mika , Liu Chih-Yao , Tatsuzawa Chika , Yanagisawa Masashi , Hayashi Yu
Published: May 2024

Background:

Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), which is abundant in coffee beans and Centella asiatica, reportedly improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice, but its effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque burden have remained unclear.

Objective:

To assess the effects of a 16-week treatment with CQA on recognition memory, working memory, Aβ levels, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and gene expression in the brains of 5XFAD mice, a commonly used mouse model of familial AD.

Methods:

5XFAD mice at 7 weeks of age were fed a 0.8% CQA-containing diet for 4 months and then underwent novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The Aβ levels and plaque burden were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Immunostaining of markers of mature neurons, synapses, and glial cells was analyzed. AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the effect of CQA on gene expression levels in the cerebral cortex of the 5XFAD mice.

Results:

CQA treatment for 4 months improved recognition memory and ameliorated the reduction of mature neurons and synaptic function-related gene mRNAs. The Aβ levels, plaque burden, and glial markers of neuroinflammation seemed unaffected.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that CQA treatment mitigates neuronal loss and improves cognitive function without reducing Aβ levels or neuroinflammation. Thus, CQA is a potential therapeutic compound for AD, improving cognitive function via as-yet unknown mechanisms independent of reductions in Aβ or neuroinflammation.
Vascular Risk Factors and Brain Health in Aging: Insights from a Community-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Wenxiao , Yang Yiru , Sang Feng , Chen Yaojing , Li Xin , Chen Kewei , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhanjun
Published: May 2024

Background:

The aging population and high rates of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) create significant medical burdens, prompting a need for early prevention. Targeting modifiable risk factors like vascular risk factors (VRFs), closely linked to AD, may provide a promising strategy for intervention.

Objective:

This study investigates how VRFs influence cognitive performance and brain structures in a community-based cohort.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 4,667 participants over 50 years old, drawn from the Beijing Ageing Brain Rejuvenation Initiative project, were meticulously examined. Cognitive function and VRFs (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and smoking), were comprehensively assessed through one-to-one interviews. Additionally, a subset of participants ( n = 719) underwent MRI, encompassing T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted scans, to elucidate gray matter volume and white matter structural network organization.

Results:

The findings unveil diabetes as a potent detriment to memory, manifesting in atrophy within the right supramarginal gyrus and diminished nodal efficiency and degree centrality in the right inferior parietal lobe. Hypertension solely impaired memory without significant structural changes. Intriguingly, individuals with comorbid diabetes and hypertension exhibited the most pronounced deficits in both brain structure and cognitive performance. Remarkably, hyperlipidemia emerged as a factor associated with enhanced cognition, and preservation of brain structure.

Conclusions:

This study illuminates the intricate associations between VRFs and the varied patterns of cognitive and brain structural damage. Notably, the synergistic effect of diabetes and hypertension emerges as particularly deleterious. These findings underscore the imperative to tailor interventions for patients with distinct VRF comorbidities, especially when addressing cognitive decline and structural brain changes.
Medication errors at a diabetes management center in a resource-poor setting
Authors: Obeng Frank Yaw , Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Ofori Emmanuel Kwaku , Afriyie Daniel Kwame
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Medication errors are known to cause adverse drug reactions, hospital admissions and mortality. In most resource-poor settings, medication errors occur but are undocumented. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate medication errors in a diabetic clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Ghana. METHODS: The research combined both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The quantitative aspect involved retrospectively reviewing patient folders over two years (1st January 2019 to 31st December 2021). Patients’ folders were reviewed to identify possible medication errors. The qualitative arm explored underlying factors and experiences related to medication errors through interviews with healthcare workers. Ten healthcare professionals at KATH were interviewed using an interview guide. RESULTS: A total of 264 patients’ folders were retrieved. The majority (23.11%) of the patients were between 18 and 25 y.o., and there were more females (52.27%) than males. About 60% of the patients had diabetes and hypertension comorbidity. The overall prevalence of medication errors was 18.18%. The most prevalent type of medication error identified was wrong drug formulation (n = 19, 39.58%). About 47.92% of the medication errors resulted in adverse events and this was predominantly caused by antidiabetic drugs (47.83%) and anti-hypertensive drugs (34.78%). Patients in the age category of 26–35 y.o. [aOR: 0.31, CI: 0.11–0.90] had reduced odds of medication errors whilst patients with comorbidity of diabetes and hypertension [aOR: 5.95, CI: 2.43–14.60] had an increased odds of medication errors. Large patient population, low staff numbers and inadequate knowledge of drugs by healthcare workers were factors that contributed to medication errors. CONCLUSION: Medication errors was moderately high in this diabetic clinic, and the errors led to a number of adverse events. Age, diabetes and hypertension comorbidity, large patient population, low staff numbers, and inadequate knowledge about drugs were identified as factors that influenced medication errors.
DeepGAN: Utilizing generative adversarial networks for improved deep learning
Authors: V Edward Naveen , A Jenefa , T.M Thiyagu , A Lincy , Taurshia Antony
Published: May 2024

In the realm of deep learning, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as a topic of significant interest for their potential to enhance model performance and enable effective data augmentation. This paper addresses the existing challenges in synthesizing high-quality data and harnessing the capabilities of GANs for improved deep learning outcomes. Unlike traditional approaches that heavily rely on manually engineered data augmentation techniques, our work introduces a novel framework that leverages DeepGANs to autonomously generate diverse and high-fidelity data. Our experiments encompass a diverse spectrum of datasets, including images, text, and time series data. In the context of image classification tasks, we conduct experiments on the widely recognized CIFAR-10 dataset, which consists of 50,000 image samples. Our results demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of DeepGANs in enhancing model performance across various data domains. Notably, in image classification using the CIFAR-10 dataset, our innovative approach achieves an impressive accuracy of 97.2%. This represents a substantial advancement beyond conventional CNN models, underscoring the profound impact of DeepGANs in the realm of deep learning. In summary, this research sheds light on DeepGANs as a fundamental component in the pursuit of enhanced deep learning performance. Our framework not only overcomes existing limitations but also heralds a new era of data augmentation, with generative adversarial networks leading the way. The attainment of an accuracy rate of 97.2% on CIFAR-10 serves as a compelling testament to the transformative potential of DeepGANs, solidifying their pivotal role in the future of deep learning. This promises the development of more robust, adaptive, and accurate models across a myriad of applications, marking a significant contribution to the field.
Do Shared Decision-Making and Patient Decision Aids Take Patient’s Preferences Seriously?
Authors: Dowie Jack , Kaltoft Mette Kjer , Rajput Vije Kumar
Published: May 2024

Most clinical guidelines for the assessment and management of atrial fibrillation emphasize the importance of decision support provided by Patients Decision Aids, but they are to be used and evaluated only in the context of Shared Decision-Making. Detailed examination of 10 clinical decision support tools reveals that many do not engage with patient’s preferences at all. Only two take them seriously in terms of their formation, elicitation and processing, aimed at identifying the optimal personalised decision for the patient. This failure is traced to a reluctance to accept the ontological nature of preferences, as instantiations of comparative magnitudes, and to set them in an analytical framework that facilitates their transparent integration with individualised evidence.
Stroke 5.0: A Technology Ecosystem to Support Acute Stroke Integrated Clinical Management
Authors: Lofaro Danilo , Conforti Domenico
Published: May 2024

Stroke remains a significant global health burden, with substantial costs and morbidity associated with its occurrence. To address this challenge, STROKE 5.0 proposes a comprehensive approach to stroke care management, integrating advanced digital technologies and clinical expertise. This paper presents the rationale, design, and potential impact of the STROKE 5.0 platform, which aims to optimize stroke care delivery from pre-hospital assessment through acute hospitalization. The platform facilitates early symptom recognition, efficient emergency response, and streamlined hospital management through intelligent decision support systems. By leveraging predictive analytics and personalized care pathways, STROKE 5.0 seeks to enhance clinical outcomes while providing a platform capable of optimizing the efficiency of service delivery. This innovative model represents a proactive shift towards evidence-based, patient-centered stroke care, with implications for healthcare quality improvement and resource allocation in the digital health domain.
Clustering Pseudo Time Series: Exploring Trajectories in the Ageing Process
Authors: Barbara Puccio , Allan Tucker , Pierangelo Veltri
Published: May 2024

Investigating the natural ageing process typically involves the use of extensive longitudinal datasets that can capture changes associated with the progression of ageing. However, they are often resource-intensive and time-consuming to conduct. Cross-sectional data, on the other hand, provides a snapshot of a population at many different ages and can capture many disease processes but do not incorporate the time dimension. Pseudo time series can be reconstructed from cross sectional data, with the aim to explore dynamic processes (such as the ageing process). In this paper we focus on employing pseudo time series analysis on cross-sectional population data that we constrain using age information to create realistic trajectories of people with different degrees of cardiovascular disease. We then use clustering methods to construct and label trajectory-based phenotypes, aiming to enhance our understanding of ageing and disease progression.
AI Approach for Enhanced Thalassemia Diagnosis Using Blood Smear Images
Authors: Mazzuca Daniela , Bergantin Fulvio , Macrì Davide , Zinno Francesco , Forestiero Agostino
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to propose an approach leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to diagnose thalassemia through medical imaging. The idea is to employ a U-net neural network architecture for precise erythrocyte morphology detection and classification in thalassemia diagnosis. This accomplishment was realized by developing and assessing a supervised semantic segmentation model of blood smear images, coupled with the deployment of various data engineering techniques. This methodology enables new applications in tailored medical interventions and contributes to the evolution of AI within precision healthcare, establishing new benchmarks in personalized treatment planning and disease management.
Enhancing Thrombophilia Risk Prediction Through AI-Based Methodologies
Authors: Mazzuca Daniela , Zinno Francesco , Forestiero Agostino
Published: May 2024

Thrombophilia, a predisposition to thrombosis, poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its multi-factorial nature, encompassing genetic and acquired factors. Current diagnostic paradigms, primarily relying on a combination of clinical assessment and targeted laboratory tests, often fail to capture the complex interplay of factors contributing to thrombophilia risk. This paper proposes an innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodology aimed to enhance the prediction of thrombophilia risk. The designed multidimensional risk assessment model integrates and elaborates through AI a comprehensive collection of patient data types, including genetic markers, clinical parameters, patient history, and lifestyle factors, in order to obtain advanced and personalized explainable diagnoses.
Evaluating MediBetter: A Mobile Application for Health Monitoring and Medication Management
Authors: Yang Bian , Fauzi M. Ali , Wicaksono Galih Wasis
Published: May 2024

This study introduces MediBetter, a mobile application designed to empower patients undergoing routine medication in health monitoring and medication adherence. It is a mobile application designed to serve as a supportive health technology for patients to monitor their health status and manage their routine medication. It offers three main features: text-based daily self health report, AI-based summarization of the health report, and medication taking reminder. To evaluate the quality of generated summaries generated by both the user and AI (ChatGPT), we conducted human expert evaluation process. Furthermore, we also evaluated the usefulness of existing features in the app. The experiment results show that ChatGPT-generated summaries outperformed user-generated ones, demonstrating superior informativeness, coherence, fluency, consistency, and contradiction handling. Participants found the app’s features highly useful for health monitoring and medication adherence, with strong agreement on their utility.
E-Health: Security, Privacy, and Ethics Requirements from a National Perspective in I. R. Iran
Authors: Abedian Somayeh , Riazi Hossein
Published: May 2024

This paper explores the security, privacy, and ethical implications of e-health data in Iran’s healthcare network. A framework is proposed to ensure security and privacy in electronic health information processing across various institutions. The framework addresses aspects such as software/hardware, communication networks, patient safety, privacy, confidentiality, online health service regulations, commercial and judicial exploitation, and education/research. The study categorizes these requirements into seven main categories to safeguard health-oriented service recipients’ security and privacy.
A Novel Algorithm Application in Vocal Signals Processing
Authors: Timpano Giuseppe , Vizza Patrizia
Published: May 2024

This study proposes an innovative application of the Goertzel Algorithm (GA) for the processing of vocal signals in dysphonia evaluation. Compared to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) representing the gold standard analysis technique in this context, GA demonstrates higher efficiency in terms of processing time and memory usage, also showing an improved discrimination between healthy and pathological conditions. This suggests that GA-based approaches could enhance the reliability and efficiency of vocal signal analysis, thus supporting physicians in dysphonia research and clinical monitoring.