bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polycomb EZH1 regulates cell cycle/5‐fluorouracil sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in concert with MYCN
Authors: Shinno Yoshitaka , Takenobu Hisanori , Sugino Ryuichi P. , Endo Yuki , Okada Ryu , Haruta Masayuki , Satoh Shunpei , Mukae Kyosuke , Shaliman Dilibaerguli , Wada Tomoko , Akter Jesmin , Ando Kiyohiro , Nakazawa Atsuko , Yoshida Hideo , Ohira Miki , Hishiki Tomoro , Kamijo Takehiko
Published: September 2022

In the present study, we found that EZH1 depletion in MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells resulted in significant cell death as well as xenograft inhibition. EZH1 depletion decreased the level of H3K27me1; the interaction and protein stabilization of MYCN and EZH1 appear to play roles in epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Transcriptome analysis of EZH1‐depleted cells resulted in downregulation of the cell cycle progression‐related pathway. In particular, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed downregulation of reactome E2F‐mediated regulation of DNA replication along with key genes of this process, TYMS, POLA2, and CCNA1. TYMS and POLA2 were transcriptionally activated by MYCN and EZH1‐related epigenetic modification. Treatment with the EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 also induced cell death, decreased H3K27 methylation, and reduced the levels of TYMS in neuroblastoma cells. Previous reports indicated neuroblastoma cells are resistant to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and TYMS (encoding thymidylate synthetase) has been considered the primary site of action for folate analogues. Intriguingly, UNC1999 treatment significantly sensitized MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells to 5‐FU treatment, suggesting that EZH inhibition could be an effective strategy for development of a new epigenetic treatment for neuroblastoma.
Annual carbon sequestration and loss rates under altered hydrology and fire regimes in southeasternUSApocosin peatlands
Authors: Richardson Curtis J. , Flanagan Neal E. , Wang Hongjun , Ho Mengchi
Published: September 2022

Peatlands drained for agriculture or forestry are susceptible to the rapid release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through enhanced microbial decomposition and increased frequency of deep peat fires. We present evidence that rewetting drained subtropical wooded peatlands (STWPs) along the southeastern USA coast, primarily pocosin bogs, could prevent significant carbon (C) losses. To quantify GHG emissions and storage from drained and rewetted pocosin we used eddy covariance techniques, the first such estimates that have been applied to this major bog type, on a private drained (PD) site supplemented by static chamber measurements at PD and Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. Net ecosystem exchange measurements showed that the loss was 21.2 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1(1 Mg = 106 g) in the drained pocosin. Under a rewetted scenario, where the annual mean water table depth (WTD) decreased from 60 to 30 cm, the C loss was projected to fall to 2 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1, a 94% reduction. If the WTD was 20 cm, the peatlands became a net carbon sink (−3.3 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1). Hence, net C reductions could reach 24.5 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1, and when scaled up to the 4000 ha PD site nearly 100,000 Mg CO2 year−1of creditable C could be amassed. We conservatively estimate among the 0.75 million ha of southeastern STWPs, between 450 and 770 km2could be rewet, reducing annual GHG emissions by 0.96–1.6 Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) of CO2, through suppressed microbial decomposition and 1.7–2.8 Tg via fire prevention, respectively. Despite covering <0.01% of US land area, rewetting drained pocosin can potentially provide 2.4% of the annual CO2nationwide reduction target of 0.18 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g). Suggesting pocosin restoration can contribute disproportionately to the US goal of achieving net‐zero emission by 2050.
Recent intra‐metropolitan patterns of spatial mismatch: Implications for black suburbanization and the changing geography of mismatch
Authors: Eom Hyunjoo
Published: September 2022

Kain's spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH) (1968) highlights the segregation of Black population in the inner city as well as the decentralization of jobs, both of which played a role in the poor labor market outcomes for Black residents in the inner city. Demographic and economic changes in U.S. metropolitan areas since the late 20th century have transformed the urban spatial structure. This paper aims to revisit the SMH and investigate whether the spatial pattern of mismatch has changed as a result of geographic shifts in the Black population. This paper specifically examines how the suburbanization of the Black population has affected the geographic patterns of mismatch and whether the mismatch is disappearing in the major U.S. metropolitan areas. Using spatial measures of mismatch, this paper presents intra‐metropolitan spatial mismatch patterns that capture the clustering of jobs and the Black population based on their relative distributions, showing that the overall level of spatial mismatch declined in major U.S. metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2015. However, geographical evidence reveals that the spatial mismatch has shifted to the outer suburbs, replicating city‐suburb spatial inequality, implying that although mismatch may have declined in the inner city due to Black suburbanization, spatial mismatch continue to persist in U.S. metropolitan areas in Black suburbs. The findings also demonstrate that although spatial mismatch generally declined in the inner city, it increased in cities with high inner city polarization, particularly New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Seattle.
Sintering densification behavior of ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic targets
Authors: Huai Zhiyuan , Chen Jie , Qi Chao , Sun Benshuang , Liu Shuhan , Song Hongming , He Jilin
Published: September 2022

In this work, high‐performance ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic targets for magnetron sputtering of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films were prepared by pressureless oxygen atmosphere sintering. The sintering behavior and densification mechanism of the ZnO–SnO2 binary targets were analyzed by systematically studying the oxide powder state, formation process of the solid reaction phase, and evolution of the target microstructure. The data revealed that the ZnO–SnO2 powder treatment improved the sintering activity and the powder dispersion; furthermore, it promoted a mutual reaction between the different components during sintering and the homogeneity of the target composition. The densification of the pure SnO2 ceramic target was difficult to achieve, and the addition of ZnO led to a continuous interaction between the ZnO and SnO2 components. The Zn2SnO4 phase started to form, and a temporary shrinkage of the target occurred above 800°C. After formation of the stable Zn2SnO4 and SnO2 phases, the target shrunk rapidly with increasing temperature, densification occurred during growth, and the two phases started to interact. The sintering temperature provided the driving force for the target densification, with the densification activation energy of the ZnO–SnO2 binary ceramic target estimated to be 580 kJ/mol based on the master sintering curve. A binary ceramic target with a high density (99.78% relative density), a fine grain size, and a homogeneous phase structure was achieved at a temperature of 1600°C. These findings are promising for the further improvement and performance enhancement of SnO2‐based materials.
Learning Generative Design Methods: Higher Education Students Developing Toolkits
Authors: Kärnä‐Behm Jaana
Published: September 2022

In order to achieve successful products and services, design research nowadays is searching for new methods that unify collaboration between professional designers and future users. Developing and using these new design methods is also of interest in design education. In this study, design toolkits are developed to practise participatory design with a user‐centric orientation. The purpose of this study is to analyse a case in higher education where students of art and design aimed at becoming craft teachers developed toolkits in design situations appointed beforehand. The literature review of the toolkit shows that a diverse and multidisciplinary field of applications has been developed. The data of the study consist of 24 virtual or physical toolkits made by the students as well as their reflections on their work. The results showed that executing a design process where students in a design situation had to enter into the future user's world creates empathy for designers. Also, various elements connected with the unifying of senses and physical activities were built into the toolkits as well as certain game‐like features. The results of this study can be used as basic data concerning making educational insights in design education in higher education.
Learning challenging L2 sounds via computer‐assisted training: Audiovisual training with an airflow model
Authors: Chen Fei , Xia Quansheng , Feng Yan , Wang Lan , Peng Gang
Published: September 2022

Background

Teaching Mandarin as a second language (L2) has become an important profession and an important research area. The acquisition of unaspirated and aspirated consonants in Mandarin has been reported to be rather challenging for L2 learners.

Objectives

In the current study, a 3‐D airflow model was integrated into the virtual talking head for audiovisual pronunciation training in these Mandarin consonants.

Methods

Using the eye‐tracking technique, Experiment 1 investigated L2 learners' general acceptance and gauged attention distribution online while learning with the system. To further compare training efficacy, learning outcomes were evaluated by randomly dividing Japanese learners of Mandarin into different training groups using the 3‐D tutor with and without an airflow model, respectively, in Experiment 2.

Results and Conclusions

Eye‐tracking results showed that the talking head was well accepted, and was successful in directing L2 learners' attention to the visual modality of the airflow model marking the contrast in aspiration. Furthermore, the additional visual cue of the airflow model helped enhance their production of the aspirated Mandarin stops. Moreover, this computer‐assisted training approach was shown to be robust as the advantage of training with an airflow model can be generalized to novel syllables with a change of tones or rimes.
Unpacking the Duality of Control and Trust in Inter‐Organizational Relationships through Action‐Reaction Cycles
Authors: Swärd Anna R.S. , Kvålshaugen Ragnhild , Bygballe Lena E.
Published: September 2022

To ensure cooperation, parties in inter‐organizational relationships (IORs) draw upon both control and trust. Yet, how control–trust dynamics change as IORs evolve remains unclear. This study illuminates the interplay between control–trust dynamics and IOR dynamics by unpacking how control and trust refer to and create one another through action–reaction cycles. We find that conflicting enactments of vulnerability and risk caused by critical incidents lead to tensions between the parties (IOR dynamics) regardinghowandwhenthey rely on control and trust. Consequently, coping practices are applied to redefine the controlling and trusting domain and mediate between the multiple and temporal domains to ensure that control and trust refer to and create one another to (re)form positive expectations. The study's main implication is that it makes little sense to study control‐trust dynamics in IORs, like other relational phenomena, in isolation and at a single point in time.
On the ecology of Cystophora spp. forests
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert , Grimaldi Camille M.
Published: September 2022

Cystophora is the second largest genus of fucoids worldwide and, like many other forest‐forming macroalgae, is increasingly threatened by a range of anthropogenic impacts including ocean warming. Yet, limited ecological information is available from the warm portion of their range (SW Western Australia), where severe range contractions are predicted to occur. Here, we provide the first insights on the abundance, diversity, productivity, and stand structure of Cystophora forests in this region. Forests were ubiquitous over more than 800 km of coastline and dominated sheltered and moderately‐exposed reefs. Stand biomass and productivity were similar or greater than that of kelp forests in the temperate reef communities examined, suggesting that Cystophora spp. play a similarly important ecological role. The stand structure of Cystophora forests was, however, different than those of kelp forests, with most stands featuring an abundant bank of sub‐canopy juveniles and only a few plants forming the canopy layer. Stand productivity followed an opposite seasonal pattern than that of kelps, with maximal growth in late autumn through early winter and net biomass loss in summer. Annually, stands contributed between 2.2 and 5.7 kg · m−2 (fresh biomass) to reef productivity depending on the dominant stand species. We propose that Cystophora forests play an important and unique role in supporting subtidal temperate diversity and productivity throughout temperate Australia, and urge a better understanding of their ecology and responses to anthropogenic threats.
Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis
Authors: da Silva Rafaela Videira Clima , Rangel Thiago Perez , Corrêa Monica Grazieli , de Freitas Monteiro Mabelle , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Ruiz Karina Gonzales , Sallum Enilson Antônio , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Sallum Antônio Wilson
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in young adult with stage III‐IV Grade C periodontitis after full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole (AMX + MTZ), comparing smokers (PerioC‐Y‐Smk) with non‐smokers (PerioC‐Y‐NSmk).

Materials and Methods

Fifteen PerioC‐Y‐NSmk and 14 PerioC‐Y‐Smk patients underwent FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ for 10 days. All parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)‐ the primary variable‐, and gingival recession (GR) were clinically assessed. The impact of PI on CAL change at 6‐month was verified by a regression analysis. Samples of the subgingival biofilm was collected for detection of levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp (F. nucleatum), and were analyzed by real‐time qPCR; gingival crevicular fluid was collected for detection of levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, which were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay.

Results

PerioC‐Y‐Smk had significantly higher PI, BOP, and GR at baseline compared to non‐smokers (p < .05). PerioC‐Y‐Smk presented higher PD, CAL, and GR at 3 and 6 months (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐NSmk in the same periods; PI negatively affected CAL gain in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at 6‐month follow‐up (p = .052) and did not impact on clinical response in PerioC‐Y‐Smk (p = .882). Lower levels of IFN‐γ, IL1‐β, and IL‐4 were observed at 3 months in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐Smk. Lower proportions of P. gingivalis were observed in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at baseline and at 3 months (p < .05) and lower proportions of F. nucleatum were observed at 6 months, in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05).

Conclusions

PerioC‐Y‐Smk presents an unfavorable clinical, microbiological, and immunological response after 3 and 6 months after FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ.

Clinical Relevance

Smoking worsens periodontal condition of young treated adults presenting stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis.
Ecotones in Central European forest–steppe: Edge effect occurs on hard rocks but not on loess
Authors: Chytrý Kryštof , Prokešová Helena , Duchoň Mário , Klinkovská Klára , Novák Pavel , Chytrý Milan , Divíšek Jan
Published: September 2022

Aims

We asked how geological substrate affects the distribution of plant species between forest interiors, forest edges, and steppe patches in the forest–steppe landscapes. Specifically, we sought for the presence of the edge effect at the forest–grassland transitions on different substrates.

Location

Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and western Ukraine.

Methods

We recorded the occurrence of vascular plant species in forest interiors, at forest edges and in steppe patches on 40 forest–steppe sites located on four substrates (andesite, dolomite, limestone and loess). We compared the distribution of species diversity, beta diversity (using multivariate analysis), the number of shared species between habitats and the estimation of vegetation biomass among forest‐steppe habitats on different substrates.

Results

The edge effect was observed on hard rocks, while it was absent on loess, where the ecotone species richness was intermediate between that of forest and steppe. Loess sites also had the lowest species turnover between forest and steppe and the lowest number of edge specialists.

Conclusions

Substrate has a strong effect on the formation of forest–steppe mosaics. It shapes the assembly rules and plant community diversity within individual habitat mosaics. Plant communities on each substrate can respond differently to changing climate. The strong assembly rules on hard rocks may be more likely to result in species loss than on loess or similar soft sediments, where a larger number of species find their optimum in more than one forest–steppe habitat.
Measurement of the neutral axis in avian eggshells reveals which species conform to the golden ratio
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Griffin Alexander W. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K.
Published: September 2022

Avian eggs represent a striking evolutionary adaptation for which shell thickness is crucial. An understudied eggshell property includes the neutral axis, a line that is drawn through any bent structure and whose precise location is characterized by thek‐factor. Previous studies have established that, for chicken eggs, meankcorresponds to the golden ratio (Φ = 1.618, or 0.618 in its reciprocal form). We hypothesized whether such an arrangement of the neutral axis conforms to the eggshell of any bird or only to eggshells with a certain set of geometric parameters. Implementing a suite of innovative methodological approaches, we investigated variations inkof 435 avian species, exploring which correspond to Φ. We found that meankis highly variable among birds and does not always conform to Φ, being much lower in spherical and ellipsoid eggs and higher in pyriform eggs. While 21 species hadkvalues within 0.618 ± 0.02 (including four falcon species) and the Falconinae subfamily (six species) revealed a mean of 0.618, it is predominantly domesticated species (chicken, ducks, and geese) that lay eggs whose neutral axis corresponds to the golden ratio. Thus, the study of the mathematical secrets of the eggshell related to the golden ratio of its neutral axis suggests its species‐specific signatures in birds.
Refractory pemphigus vulgaris and high‐intensity extracorporeal photopheresis: A case report
Authors: Castillo‐Aleman Yandy Marx , Bencomo‐Hernandez Antonio Alfonso , Ventura‐Carmenate Yendry , Villegas‐Valverde Carlos Agustin , Rivero‐Jimenez Rene Antonio ,   ADSCC ECP Group
Published: September 2022

A 41‐year‐old man with oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV) presented to our clinic with a history of no response to numerous immunosuppressant agents and was referred for extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy. Although the patient underwent a high‐intensity ECP regimen for 5 months, which included two different photopheresis systems, his oral dysesthesia continued to interfere with oral intake, leading to continued weight loss and other adverse events. The intervention was associated with changes in several immune cell subpopulations without modifying the anti‐epidermal antibody titers, aligned with his poor clinical outcome. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to examine immunophenotyping of a PV patient who was refractory to previous immunosuppression and recalcitrant to high‐intensity ECP therapy.
Ecological indicators from spatial statistics to describe the Atlantic fangtooth moray distribution in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Perzia Patrizia , Spinelli Andrea , Interdonato Filippo , Castriota Luca
Published: September 2022

Considering the rapid diffusion and potential impacts of invasive non‐indigenous species on biodiversity, it is crucial to investigate invasion mechanisms to identify their spread, settlement, and expansion areas. Enchelycore anatina, the Atlantic fangtooth moray of uncertain introduction pathway, recently invaded the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In the present study, specimens of E. anatina were observed in the Strait of Messina (Sicily), during 2017–2018 and records were reported. Through ecological indicators elaborated with Geographic Information System spatial–temporal statistics, E. anatina spatial–temporal distribution in the Mediterranean Sea was examined. Evidence of non‐occasional presence of this species in that area has been confirmed by the spatial statistics that suggested an established population in the central Mediterranean Sea and settlement areas along the Turkish, Levantine, and Sicilian Ionian coast. The resulting spatial structure suggested its human‐mediated introduction. The ecological indicators used in this study proved to be useful for the comprehension of the invasion history of E. anatina and might be applied to disentangle the history of other invasive species.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: September 2022

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 3Albert Henry Ntarmah, Jiangsu University, GhanaBasanta K. Pradhan, University of Delhi Enclave, IndiaGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Ethiopian Civil Service University, EthiopiaHedieh Shadmani, Fairfield University, USAMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyOmer Allagabo Omer Mustafa, Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences., SudanRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaShahram Fattahi, Razi University, IranY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
A New Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Assembly Line Balancing
Authors: Li S. , Butterfield J. , Murphy A.
Published: September 2022

The aim of this work is to enable a step towards a self-adapting digital toolset for manufacturing planning focusing on minimally constrained assembly line balancing. The approach includes the simultaneous definition of the optimum number of workstations, the optimum cycle time and the assignment of tasks to workstations. A bespoke genetic algorithm (GENALSAS) is proposed and demonstrated which focuses on examining the simple assembly line balancing problem (SALBP). The proposed genetic algorithm (GA) has been shown to consistently deliver detailed production plans for SALBP problem forms with minimum inputs. Neither the number of workstations nor the system cycle time is assumed/fixed as in previous work in the field. The work simultaneously attains better performing solutions compared with previous studies both in terms of time to converge and the quality of the solution.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of a Gas Stream Containing Dust Particles in a Parallel-Plates Duct
Authors: Pan Anjian , Cai Rong-Rong , Dong Chuan-Shuai , Zhang Li-Zhi
Published: September 2022

Fluid flow and heat transfer of a gas stream in various ducts have been studied thoroughly before. However, in real applications, a gas stream usually contains dust particles, whose effects have typically been neglected. In this study, the effects of the dust particles on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a parallel-plates duct were numerically investigated in detail. A lattice Boltzmann method combined with a modified immersed boundary approach was employed to calculate the velocity and temperature distribution in the duct. The effects of the particles on the development of the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers in the duct were predicted. The product of friction factor and Reynolds number (fRe) and local Nusselt number (NuL) along the flow direction were obtained for a particle-laden flow and compared with those for a pure gas flow. The results indicated that for particle-laden flows, the “fully-developed” flow was just an approximation. Both the flow and thermal boundary layers were disrupted by the accompanying particles. The particles would form a stable and dense particulate fouling layer at the walls; this could increase the local (fRe) and reduce the NuL in “fully developed” regions. Moreover, ducts with superhydrophobic properties would be less influenced by the particles due to decreased particle deposition because of the anti-dust property of the surface.
Added Mass and Damping of an Hexagonal Rod Vibrating in Highly Confined Viscous Fluids
Authors: Sargentini Lucia , Cariteau Benjamin
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with fluid–structure interaction analysis of an hexagonal rod enclosed in a narrow viscous gap. A new analytical solution for a two-dimensional (2D) cylindrical case is derived and described. A numerical solution of 2D Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a harmonic structure model is applied to both cylindrical and prism geometries. The comparison between the numerical tool and the analytical solution is discussed and a method to apply the analytical solution to the hexagonal case is proposed. An original definition of the added mass and damping based on an energetic approach is provided avoiding the dependence from the geometry and the type of forcing (free or forced vibration). An experimental facility is provided accounting for an hexagonal prism vibrating within a 7 mm enclosure. Free vibration experiments in water allow assessing the added mass and added damping effect on the modal parameters. The fluid flow is affected by a three-dimensional (3D) effect—named down-strokes flow—at the top and the base of the assembly because of free surface and stocky geometry. This produces a higher frequency than the 2D theoretical value given both by the analytical solution and the numerical simulation. A geometry-based correction factor is suggested to taken into account in the 2D numerical simulation the 3D effect. Velocity measured within the gap provides further insight on this phenomenon and agrees well with the prediction of the transposed cylindrical analytical model.
Theoretical Considerations for Scaling Convection in Overall Effectiveness Experiments
Authors: Bryant Carol E. , Rutledge James L.
Published: September 2022

An increasingly common experimental technique allows measurement of overall effectiveness by matching the Biot number between experimental and engine conditions. While much work has been devoted to determining the appropriate flow conditions necessary to scale adiabatic effectiveness, little attention has been paid to subtleties beyond matching the Biot number that arises when performing overall effectiveness experiments. Notably, the ratio of the internal and external heat transfer coefficients must be matched. The density ratio and the specific heat ratio have been shown to play important roles in scaling adiabatic effectiveness; however, now we demonstrate the requirements for the coolant and freestream flow conditions required to conduct an appropriately scaled overall effectiveness experiment. Since the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluids influence heat transfer coefficient behavior, this gives rise to an additional nondimensional parameter that should be matched to properly perform an overall effectiveness experiment.

In this paper, we demonstrate that this new nondimensional parameter will be matched provided that Pr∞, Prc, and Rec are matched in addition to Re∞ and the advective capacity ratio. We demonstrate the validity of this requirement through computational fluid dynamics simulations, which are well-suited for this since over-constrained requirements can be overcome by altering gas properties. Simulations of an internally cooled wall exposed to a hot freestream were performed with various gases to show the sensitivity of the overall effectiveness to these previously ignored requirements. An additional set of simulations on a film-cooled plate reveals additional complexities when coolant mixes with the freestream gas.
An empirical and CFD analysis of combustion performance of a diesel engine fueled with tomato seed oil biodiesel
Authors: Karami Rahim , Rasul M. G. , Khan M. M. K
Published: September 2022

Tomato seed oil biodiesel (TSOB) could be considered as a second generation and clean-burning renewable substitute for petroleum diesel. It is about 72% by weight of tomato waste, which contains an average of 24% oil. This paper investigated the effects of four different Diesel-TSOB blends on the combustion performance of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine. In-cylinder pressure (CP) and combustion parameters at five different engine loads and seven speeds were experimentally measured. Then for 2D CFD simulation of the emissions and combustion processes, AVL FIRE software was used and the results evaluated with experimental data. The purpose of the study was to determine the combustion process and its effects on the performance and emissions of the engine. The outcomes for B10 at 100% load addressed that, the peak CP of about 67 MPa was found at 1200 rpm which occurred at 13° ATDC, while at 2200 rpm the peak CP was 69 MPa and occurred at 1° ATDC, and at 2400 rpm the peak CP was found to be about 66 MPa which occurred approximately at TDC. The simulated results found that the peak in-cylinder temperature of 1600° K corresponds to the 10% TSOB blend (B10) and the longest mixing-controlled period occurs for B10 at 27° CA. The simulation also showed that B5 had the longest jet penetration of about 44 mm (at about 100° CA) in comparison to 43 mm for B20, 41 mm for B10 and 39.8 mm for B0 (pure diesel) which occurred at less than 100° CA. The longest jet penetration duration of was found to be about 44 mm for B5 at about100° CA. The results showed that B10 has the biggest accumulative heat release (approximately 1900 J) and highest fuel energy efficiency. The 2-D CFD simulation revealed that the unburnt equivalence ratio in the main combustion chamber is lesser than in the spherical combustion chamber.
Antropologias, artes e politica: engajamentos e encontros
Authors:   CRIA-IUL, Raposo Paulo
Published: September 2022

Desde muito tempo considero que participo de um modo de fazer antropologia que definiria por engajado e militante. Meu percurso cidadão como ativista politico e simultaneamente minha formação e interesse por artes performativas talvez tenham contribuído decisivamente para isso. Nessa apresentação pretendo partilhar com o painel as estratégias e os itinerários utilizados na realização de 3 encontros de cruzamentos sobre arte e política que visavam conjugar tanto artistas quanto pesquisadores, num pano de fundo ligado a uma cidadania engajada: No Performance's Land? (2011), Arte e Política Reloaded (2016) e Corpos Dissidentes (2019). Os lugares escolhidos (dentro e fora das universidades), as participações em formato aberto (podendo ser papers académicos, mas também instalações e performances, oficinas, apresentações de filmes, etc.), bem como a diversidade de áreas de atuação das pessoas convidadas a participar, buscavam ultrapassar a ideia da "torre de marfim" universitária, rompendo com discussões académicas autocentradas sobre arte ou provocando instabilidades reflexivas, expandindo o campo de diálogos e discussões a múltiplos modos de disseminar ciência e produzir conhecimento, partilhando e promovendo formas colaborativas de produção dos eventos de forma a pluralizar tanto o acesso quanto o teor das mesmas. De encontro para encontro foram possíveis afinar, rever, expandir e explorar experimentalmente novas rupturas, novos modelos, novos itinerários, novas estratégias que pretendo partilhar neste painel.
Model resolution matrix based deconvolution improves over non-quadratic penalization in frequency-domain photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Nakshatri Hemanth S. , Prakash Jaya
Published: September 2022

Frequency domain photoacoustic tomography is becoming more attractive due to low-cost and compact light-sources being used; however, frequency-domain implementation suffers from lower signal to noise compared to time-domain implementation. In this work, we have developed a non-quadratic based penalization framework for frequency-domain photoacoustic imaging, and further proposed a two-step model-resolution matrix based deconvolution approach to improve the reconstruction image quality. The model-resolution matrix was developed in the context of different penalty functions like l2-norm, l1-norm, Cauchy, and Geman-McClure. These model-resolution matrices were then used to perform the deconvolution operation using split augmented Lagrangian shrinkage thresholding algorithm in both full-view and limited-view configurations. The results indicated that the two-step approach outperformed the different penalty function (prior constraint) based reconstruction, with an improvement of about 20% in terms of peak signal to noise ratio and 30% in terms of structural similarity index measure. The improved image quality provided using these algorithms will have a direct impact on realizing practical frequency-domain implementation in both limited-view and full-view configurations.
Enabling full-scale grain boundary mitigation in polycrystalline perovskite solids
Authors: Zhao Lichen , Tang Pengyi , Luo Deying , Dar M. Ibrahim , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Arora Neha , Hu Qin , Luo Jingshan , Liu Yuhang , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Hagfeldt Anders , Arbiol Jordi , Huang Wei , Gong Qihuang , Russell Thomas P. , Friend Richard H. , Grätzel Michael , Zhu Rui
Published: September 2022

There exists a considerable density of interaggregate grain boundaries (GBs) and intra-aggregate GBs in polycrystalline perovskites. Mitigation of intra-aggregate GBs is equally notable to that of interaggregate GBs as intra-aggregate GBs can also cause detrimental effects on the photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate full-scale GB mitigation ranging from nanoscale intra-aggregate to submicron-scale interaggregate GBs, by modulating the crystallization kinetics using a judiciously designed brominated arylamine trimer. The optimized GB-mitigated perovskite films exhibit reduced nonradiative recombination, and their corresponding mesostructured PSCs show substantially enhanced device efficiency and long-term stability under illumination, humidity, or heat stress. The versatility of our strategy is also verified upon applying it to different categories of PSCs. Our discovery not only specifies a rarely addressed perspective concerning fundamental studies of perovskites at nanoscale but also opens a route to obtain high-quality solution-processed polycrystalline perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Structure and mechanism for streptococcal fatty acid kinase (Fak) system dedicated to host fatty acid scavenging
Authors: Shi Yu , Zang Ning , Lou Ningjie , Xu Yongchang , Sun Jingdu , Huang Man , Zhang Huimin , Lu Huijie , Zhou Chun , Feng Youjun
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus
and
Streptococcus
, two groups of major human pathogens, are equipped with a fatty acid kinase (Fak) machinery to scavenge host fatty acids. The Fak complex is contains an ATP-binding subunit FakA, which interacts with varied FakB isoforms, and synthesizes acyl-phosphate from extracellular fatty acids. However, how FakA recognizes its FakB partners and then activates different fatty acids is poorly understood. Here, we systematically describe the Fak system from the zoonotic pathogen,
Streptococcus suis
. The crystal structure of SsFakA complexed with SsFakB2 was determined at 2.6 Å resolution. An in vitro system of Fak-PlsX (phosphate: acyl-ACP transacylase) was developed to track acyl-phosphate intermediate and its final product acyl-ACP. Structure-guided mutagenesis enabled us to characterize a mechanism for streptococcal FakA working with FakB partners engaged in host fatty acid scavenging. These findings offer a comprehensive description of the Fak kinase machinery, thus advancing the discovery of attractive targets against deadly infections with
Streptococcus
.
Tracing remnants of Ediacaran S-type granitoids from beach placers in SE Madagascar
Authors: Athira P.G. , Sajeev K. , George P.M. , Zhai M.G. , Zhou L.G. , Razakamanana T. , Windley B.F. , Ayisha V.A.
Published: September 2022

Southeast Madagascar hosts several major deposits of beach placers, the provenance of which is little understood. To redress this imbalance, we present new laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb ages, and trace elements of zircons and monazites, as well as Hf isotopes of zircons from heavy mineral beach sands at Taolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) in SE Madagascar. The ages of detrital zircon grains range from 650 Ma to 450 Ma and from 1900 Ma to 1700 Ma (one grain has an age of 2633 Ma), and detrital monazite ages range from 574 Ma to 484 Ma. The Ediacaran−Cambrian zircons (650−450 Ma) and monazites (574−484 Ma) record a major Pan-African orogenic event in SE Madagascar. Geologically, the 650−450 Ma ages correlate well with coeval granitic gneisses in southern Madagascar, and a few 1900−1700 Ma ages can be linked to putative Paleoproterozoic protoliths of metasedimentary rocks from the Anosyen Domain and from the Itremo Group of central Madagascar. The zircon mineral chemistry indicates that some of the grains (P>25 μmol g−1) were sourced from S-type granitic rocks. The monazite chemistry points toward a metamorphic provenance from garnet-bearing amphibolite facies rocks, such as migmatitic gneisses in southern Madagascar. The Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircons indicate reworking of their probable Paleoproterozoic−Archean source rocks. We conclude that the beach sand zircons and monazites were largely sourced from the uplifted and eroded Anosyen and Androyan Domains in SE Madagascar, and with minor contributions from central Madagascar, which were all transported by rivers to the ambient ocean to the southeast.
Supplemental Material: Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of the northern Baltimore Canyon Trough: Implications for basin evolution and carbon storage
Authors: Baldwin K.E. , al. et , Miller K.G.
Published: September 2022

Figure S1. Well-log interpretation compilation for 29 of the 34 deep-penetrating wells in the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Table S1. Well-log compilation showing the location, depth, and biostratigraphy report reference for 29 of the 34 wells in the Baltimore Canyon Trough.
Intravenous ferric derisomaltose in iron-deficient patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation due to severe aortic stenosis: study protocol of the randomised controlled IIISAS trial
Authors: Bardan Sara , Kvaslerud Anette Borger , Andresen Kristoffer , Kløve Sophie Foss , Edvardsen Thor , Gullestad Lars , Broch Kaspar
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Iron deficiency is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe aortic stenosis and may be associated with procedural and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In the Intravenous Iron Supplement for Iron Deficiency in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis (IIISAS) trial, we aim to examine whether a single administration of ferric derisomaltose can improve physical capacity after TAVI.

Methods and analysis

This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to enrol 150 patients with iron deficiency who are scheduled for TAVI due to severe aortic stenosis. The study drug and matching placebo are administered approximately 3 months prior to TAVI, and the patients are followed for 3 months after TAVI. Inclusion criteria are iron deficiency, defined as serum ferritin<100 µg/L or ferritin between 100 and 300 µg/L in combination with a transferrin saturation<20% and written informed consent. Exclusion criteria include haemoglobin<10 g/dL, red blood cell disorders, end-stage kidney failure, intolerance to ferric derisomaltose, and ongoing infections. The primary endpoint is the baseline-adjusted distance walked on a 6 min walk test (6MWT) 3 months after TAVI. Secondary end points include quality of life, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA functional class), and skeletal muscle strength.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research of South-Eastern Norway and The Norwegian Medicines Agency. Enrolment has begun, and results are expected in 2022. The results of the IIISAS trial will be disseminated by presentations at international and national conferences and by publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04206228
Intraurban socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy: a population-based cross-sectional analysis in the city of Córdoba, Argentina (2015–2018)
Authors: Rodríguez López Santiago , Tumas Natalia , Bilal Usama , Moore Kari A , Acharya Binod , Quick Harrison , Quistberg D Alex , Acevedo Gabriel E , Diez Roux Ana V
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate variability in life expectancy at birth in small areas, describe the spatial pattern of life expectancy, and examine associations between small-area socioeconomic characteristics and life expectancy in a mid-sized city of a middle-income country.

Design

Cross-sectional, using data from death registries (2015–2018) and socioeconomic characteristics data from the 2010 national population census.

Participants/setting

40 898 death records in 99 small areas of the city of Córdoba, Argentina. We summarised variability in life expectancy at birth by using the difference between the 90th and 10th percentile of the distribution of life expectancy across small areas (P90-P10 gap) and evaluated associations with small-area socioeconomic characteristics by calculating a Slope Index of Inequality in linear regression.

Primary outcome

Life expectancy at birth.

Results

The median life expectancy at birth was 80.3 years in women (P90-P10 gap=3.2 years) and 75.1 years in men (P90-P10 gap=4.6 years). We found higher life expectancies in the core and northwest parts of the city, especially among women. We found positive associations between life expectancy and better small-area socioeconomic characteristics, especially among men. Mean differences in life expectancy between the highest versus the lowest decile of area characteristics in men (women) were 3.03 (2.58), 3.52 (2.56) and 2.97 (2.31) years for % adults with high school education or above, % persons aged 15–17 attending school, and % households with water inside the dwelling, respectively. Lower values of % overcrowded households and unemployment rate were associated with longer life expectancy: mean differences comparing the lowest versus the highest decile were 3.03 and 2.73 in men and 2.57 and 2.34 years in women, respectively.

Conclusion

Life expectancy is substantially heterogeneous and patterned by socioeconomic characteristics in a mid-sized city of a middle-income country, suggesting that small-area inequities in life expectancy are not limited to large cities or high-income countries.
Satisfaction and its determinants of rural upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in China: a preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Feng Xiang , Zhu Jin-Hua , Hua Zhao-Lai , Xu Xing , Li Yanyan , Li Jun , Song Guo-Hui , Wang Xingzheng , Su Ming , Zhou Jin-Yi
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To assess participants’ satisfaction with and predictors of upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in rural areas.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Ten screening centres in seven cities across five provinces in China.

Participants

Of the 452 participants screened during the survey period, 438 completed the survey (response rate: 96.90%).

Primary outcome measures

Screening satisfaction was the primary outcome and it was assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the predictors of satisfaction.

Results

The percentages of satisfaction with the General Satisfaction, Technical Quality, Interpersonal Manner, Communication, Financial Aspects, Time Spent With Doctor, and Convenience and Accessibility dimensions were 95.89%, 79.68%, 88.36%, 83.56%, 75.11%, 82.19% and 66.44%, respectively. Education (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.90), health self-assessment (OR 15.29, 95% CI 2.86 to 81.78) and family history of cancer (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.29 to 13.71) were associated with General Satisfaction. Residence (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.89 to 9.81) was associated with Technical Quality. Occupation (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.88), health self-assessment (OR 11.30, 95% CI 3.94 to 32.43), screening purpose (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.92) and distance from the screening centre (OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.35 to 15.61) were associated with interpersonal manner. Gender (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.34), residence (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.23 to 8.53) and endoscopy in the previous year (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.13 to 6.90) were associated with Communication. Body mass index (BMI; OR 5.06, 95% CI 1.40 to 18.25) and health self-assessment (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.88) were associated with financial aspects. Gender (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.38), residence (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.79), BMI (OR 5.26, 95% CI 1.14 to 24.34) and health self-assessment (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.34) were associated with time spent with doctor. Gender (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.60) and residence (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.46 to 6.88) were associated with convenience and accessibility.

Conclusion

There was heterogeneity across the dimensions of satisfaction with rural upper gastrointestinal cancer screening. Project manager should prioritise improving the aspects related to the convenience and accessibility dimension. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of potential interventions, the predictors of the various dimensions should be considered.