bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Signature of Positive Selection and Linkage Disequilibrium in Ethiopian Indigenous and European Beef Cattle Breeds
Authors: Mengistie Dejenie , Edea Zewdu , Tesema Tesfaye sisay , Dejene Genet , Dessie Tadelle , Jemal Jeilu , Kim Kwan Suk , Dadi Hailu
Published: April 2022

Despite the availability of genomic methods for determining the origin and divergence of domestic cattle in East Africa, particularly Ethiopia, knowledge regarding their genetic adaptability and divergence remain limited. To investigate signatures of selection and linkage disequilibrium Ethiopian cattle populations were genotyped with an 80K SNP array. European beef cattle breeds were also used for comparison purposes. Across Ethiopian cattle populations, the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.403 and 0.400, respectively. Similarly, for European cattle, observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.25 and 0.26 respectively. PCA and NJ-tree revealed a separation of Ethiopian cattle breeds from European beef breeds. Similarly, NJ-tree grouped the study cattle according to their breed group with close clustering of Ethiopian cattle populations. The average r2 values were 0.22 ± 0.25, 0.23 ± 0.25, and 0.22 ± 0.25 in Boran, Begait, and Fogera, respectively. For Angus, Herford and Charolais it was 0.17 ± 0.28, 0.17 ± 0.28 and 0.18 ± 0.29, respectively. The top 1% FST values were considered to delimit genomic regions under positive selection. Some of the candidate genes are involved in biological processes and pathways linked to meat quality attributes. Furthermore, some of the candidate genes are associated with tropical adaptation to heat tolerance and resistance to disease. Significant SNP variation found in this study suggests that these markers could be useful for genetic research in Ethiopian cattle breeds.
Predictive value of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (De Ritis) ratio for detecting bowel necrosis in patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia
Authors: Turan Umit , Dirim Ahmet Baris
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Early diagnosis of necrotic bowel segment resulting from incarcerated inguinal hernia (IIH) is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the De Ritis ratio (DRR), also known as the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as a biomarker for intestinal necrosis.
Methods
This retrospective study included 132 patients who underwent emergency surgery for IIH. Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent bowel resection for necrosis (group-1) and those who did not (group-2). Patients' demographic data, hernia type, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, laboratory test results of AST, ALT, CRP (C-reactive protein), WBC (white blood cell), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte counts at the time of diagnosis was recorded. Using these laboratory values, DRR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR) were calculated.
Results
Of the patients, 45 (34.1%) underwent bowel resection for necrosis. The morbidity, mortality rates and the length of stay for group 1 were statistically significantly different (p < 0.0001). The DRR, NLR, PLR, LMR, LCR values of the same group were also significantly different (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic analysis of these markers showed that NLR, PLR, and DRR were the most significant markers for the diagnosis of bowel necrosis (AUC = 0.767; 0.697; 0.684 respectively).
Conclusion
DRR can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of bowel necrosis in patients with IIH.
Safety, Immunogenicity and Antibody Persistence of a Bivalent Beta-Containing Booster Vaccine
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , Eder Frank , Essink Brandon , Khetan Shishir , Nestorova Biliana , Feng Jing , Chen Xing , Chang Ying , Zhou Honghong , Montefiori David , Edwards Darin K. , Girard Bethany , Pajon Rolando , Leav Brett , Walsh Stephen R. , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna
Published: April 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have caused multiple waves of infection globally. This phase 2/3 study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccine candidate mRNA-1273.211 (equal mRNA amounts of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant spike proteins) as 50-µg (n=300) and 100-µg (n=595) first booster doses approximately 8.8-9.8 months after the mRNA-1273 primary series. The mRNA-1273.211 booster (50 and 100-µg) elicited higher neutralizing antibody responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the Beta variant than that after the second mRNA‑1273 dose. Antibody responses after the 50-µg mRNA-1273.211 booster dose were also higher than that after a 50-µg mRNA-1273 booster dose for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta, Omicron and Delta variants (28 days after the booster dose) and for the ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta and Omicron (180 days after the booster dose), and the immunogenicity objectives were met. The safety and reactogenicity profile of the mRNA-1273.211 booster (50-µg) was comparable to mRNA-1273 (50-µg). These results indicate that bivalent booster vaccines can induce potent and durable antibody responses providing a new tool in response to emerging variants. Trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04927065
Climate-driven convergent evolution on sky islands
Authors: Love Sarah , Schweitzer Jennifer , Bailey Joseph
Published: April 2022

Climate-induced evolution will determine population persistence in a changing world. However, finding natural systems in which to study these responses has been a barrier to estimating the impact of global change on a broad scale. Here we hypothesize that isolated sky islands (SI) and adjacent mountain chains (MC) can serve as natural laboratories for studying the impact of long-term climatic pressures on natural populations. We used greenhouse common garden trees to test whether populations on SI exposed to hot and dry climates since the Pleistocene have diverged from populations on MC, and if populations on SI have converged in their evolutionary responses. We show: (1) in the southwestern U.S., isolated SI are significantly hotter and drier than adjacent MC, (2) populations of Populus angustifolia from SI have diverged from MC in reproductive and productivity traits, (3) these traits (cloning and aboveground biomass, respectively) are significantly correlated, suggesting a genetic linkage between the traits, and (4) that the observed phenotypic change is driven both by natural selection and genetic drift. These results suggest that long-lived tree populations on distantly related SI have evolved in response to long-term selective pressures and genetic drift by converging on similar phenotypes and diverging from phenotypes on MC. These shifts are towards potentially beneficial phenotypes for population persistence in a changing world. These results also suggest that the SI-MC comparison is an ideal natural laboratory, as well as predictive framework, for studying responses to climate change across the globe.
MNT suppresses T cell apoptosis via BIM and is vital for MYC-driven T lymphomagenesis
Authors: Nguyen Hai Vu , Vandenberg Cassandra J , Robati Mikara R , Ng Ashley P , Cory Suzanne
Published: April 2022

The importance of c-MYC in regulating normal lymphopoiesis and promoting lymphomagenesis is well-established, but far less appreciated is the vital supporting role of MYC’s relative MNT. We show here that, during normal T cell development, MNT loss enhances apoptosis and establish the mechanism as elevated expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein BIM. Using a MYC transgenic mouse model, we also show that MNT loss reduces the pool of premalignant MYC-driven T cells and totally abrogates thymic T lymphomagenesis. Taken together with our recent demonstration that MNT is vital for the survival of MYC-driven premalignant and malignant B lymphoid cells, these results suggest that MNT represents an important new drug target for both T and B lymphoid malignancies.
Research on the Evaluation of Natural Disaster Recovery
Authors: Shaoxiong Xu , Shaoxiong Xu , Du Zhuoqun
Published: April 2022

Post-disaster restoration and reconstruction are important means to support and help areas where natural disasters occur to restore normal production and living order. Assessing the gap between the effects of restoration and reconstruction and the goals of reconstruction planning, as well as studying the expected demand gaps of different subjects, is the core objective of the evaluation of the effects of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. Based on the summary and analysis of the practical experience of natural disaster recovery and reconstruction in China, a post-disaster recovery and reconstruction effect evaluation index system with 6 levels and 37 underlying indicators has been constructed, and based on the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning, two perspectives of coincidence and multi-subject demand evaluation have been achieved. An empirical analysis was made on the recovery and reconstruction of the “8.7 Zhouqu Debris Flow” disaster. Post-disaster reconstruction should be “people-oriented,” starting from the actual situation of local cultural value restoration, focusing on the long-term goal of sustainable development of the ecological environment, grasping the short-term goal of restoring economic development, and focusing on key projects. Suggestions for the optimization of the economic stimulus of the project have also been put forward. Empirical research shows that the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan of the “8.7 Zhouqu debris flow” disaster achieves excellent consistency; the evaluation value of the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction effect based on the needs of multiple entities is good.
Kerusakan Vegetasi Akibat Pembakaran Hutan Lindung Rainawe untuk Pembukaan Lahan Baru di Wilayah Kabupaten Malaka
Authors: Bete Oktoviana , Amu Blegur Willem , G. Naisumu Yolanda
Published: April 2022

Hutan lindung Rainawe merupakan salah satu kawasan hutan yang ada di kabupaten Malaka yang lokasinya dekat dengan pemukiman masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari jenis vegetasi dan dampak yang dialami oleh vegetasi akibat pembakaran di hutan lindung Rainawe. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengamatan pada vegetasi yang terkena api di bekas pembakaran secara langsung. Teknik pengambilan data vegetasi dengan metode plot ukuran 20 m x 20 m di lokasi yang terkena dampak, sebanyak 4 ulangan dan 1 plot pada lokasi yang tidak mengalami pembakaran. Data yang diambil antara lain nama spesies, keliling, tinggi, dan tinggi cabang pertama. Analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengamati jenis vegetasi yang terkena dampak pembakaran. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan indeks nilai penting (INP) menurut masing-masing bentuk tumbuh atau growthformbaik di lokasi bekas terbakar oleh adanya aktivitas manusia (lokasi I,II,III,IV) dan lokasi kontrol (V). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan perhitungan nilai INP tertinggi untuk setiap bentuk tumbuhpada setiap lokasi sebagai berikut: GF pohon (Tectona grandis L. F= 267,73), GF tiang (Cordia monoica Roxb= 300.) GF pancang (Cordia monoica Roxb= 300), GF semak (Chromolaena odorata L.= 259,65). Keempat jenis ini ada di lokasi bekas terbakar. Sebaliknya, untuk lokasi kontrol nilai GF liana dan palem (Borassus flabellifer = 300) adalah tertinggi. Pembakaran dengan skala kecil secara intensif tetap memiliki dampak besar pada jenis vegetasi di hutan lindung Rainawe, khususnya pembakaran oleh aktivitas manusia untuk membuka lahan kebun. Kajian lebih lanjut untuk mempelajari jenis vegetasi yang paling terkena dampak, luasan hutan lindung Rainawe yang terdampak pembakaran dan pengaruh aktivitas intensif masyarakat perlu dilakukan di masa mendatang.
Reflective Writing in Teacher Education in China: Insights from Systemic Functional Linguistics
Authors: Schulze Joshua M , Ittner Anne C
Published: April 2022

This article aims to demonstrate the application of theory to teaching practice by examining how two teacher educators drew upon systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as a pedagogical and analytical tool to inform their teaching of reflective writing to Mandarin-dominant teacher candidates enrolled in an ESOL course within an educator preparation program at a university using English Medium Instruction (EMI) in China. First, the authors describe how they incorporated the SFL appraisal framework into their teaching to bring their multilingual student writers’ attention to the language of evaluation as they prepared to construct reflective language learning autobiographies. Second, the authors demonstrate how SFL-informed text analysis of the appraisal resources used within students’ written reflections deepened their understanding of their students’ reflective writing practices and informed their teaching and course development. The article concludes with suggestions for using the SFL appraisal framework to support the reflective writing of their multilingual teacher candidates.
Lexical Bundles in Students' Argumentative Essays: A Study of Learner Corpus
Authors: Oktavianti Ikmi Nur , Sarage Japen
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the structures of 3- to 5-word bundles used by EFL learners at the university level in writing argumentative essays. This qualitative corpus-based study focuses on answering the structural category and frequency of lexical bundles in students’ essays. The data of this study are sentences containing lexical bundles in the students’ essays, and the data were collected from students' essays compiled as a learner corpus. The lexical bundles were identified from the corpus with the assistance of a corpus tool, LancsBox, using the n-gram feature. This study used ten occurrences as the cutoff frequency and Gries’ DP as the dispersion threshold to identify the lexical bundles. The bundles were then classified into structural taxonomies, and the frequency of use of the lexical bundles was also investigated to complete the analysis. Academic Formulas List comprising bundles commonly used in the academic context was used to validate the bundles. The results show enormous structures of NP-based, VP-based, PP-based, and others identified in the learner corpus with NP-based bundles as the most frequent bundles and ‘the use of’ as the most frequent individual bundle. However, the variants of the bundles in the learner corpus are still dominated by fixed frames. In addition, apart from the shared bundles between the corpus and Academic Formulas List, there are some discrepancies related to the registers. It indicates that writing courses and writing materials should provide learners with more variants of lexical bundles and the appropriate context of use.
Encontro de geografias no mapeamento censitário de localidades indígenas e quilombolas
Authors: Damasco Fernando , Antunes Marta
Published: April 2022

Apresenta-se a metodologia utilizada no mapeamento de localidades indígenas e de localidades quilombolas na produção da cartografia do Censo Demográfico 2020, retomando o conceito de localidade construído historicamente no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, sua aplicação no planejamento e execução de pesquisas estatísticas e geográficas e de que forma foi possível associá-lo à diversidade territorial indígena e quilombola. Os resultados preliminares do mapeamento foram divulgados na Base de Informações sobre os Indígenas e Quilombolas 2019, publicada pelo IBGE em 2020, tendo em vista a emergência em saúde pela Covid-19, e serão aprofundados, destacando-se a importância da constante revisão das categorias territoriais de referência para a realização de censos, com destaque para a reinterpretação do conceito de localidade.
O que é uma ilha?
Authors: Sartori Menegatto Matheus
Published: April 2022

A definição de ilha suscita polêmicas. Neste artigo, expusemos a ilha a partir de conceitos fundamentais (insularidade, maritimidade, ilheidade, litoralismo, arquipélago) e de diferentes perspectivas. Como resultado, despontaram-se algumas noções que, longe de esgotarem toda a essência da natureza insular, sugerem algumas pistas para compreendê-la: o apartamento imposto pelas águas; o papel preponderante dos processos costeiros; a menor heterogeneidade paisagística na comparação com um continente; a alta influência marítima (impactos climáticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais); a suscetibilidade a fenômenos oceânicos e atmosféricos; o particularismo da biota (endemismo) e das sociedades que nela vivem; o aguçado senso de unidade territorial; o isolamento ou, uma vez conectada às redes de circulação, a condição de ponto nevrálgico, bem como as consequentes dualidades localismo x cosmopolitismo e eutopia insular (ilheidade) x utopia além-mar (emigração); e, enfim, a fragilidade econômica e ecológica imposta pela escassez de recursos e pela exiguidade de espaço.
FORMATION OF NEW LOGISTIC NODES OF GAS TRADE IN THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Malikova O. I. , Petrov P. I.
Published: April 2022

The countries of South-Eastern Europe had close economic ties with Russia and were guided by the purchase of Russian natural gas. In the recent years, both geopolitically and the market events, as well as the energy security concerns, have transformed the region of South-Eastern Europe into a significant element of the energy strategy of the European Union. The emergence of new gas suppliers in this region is due to both the requirements of the European Union for the diversification of energy supply sources and the active formation of new gas corridors in Eastern Europe, in particular, the launch of a large gas terminal in Poland. The creation of a new gas infrastructure exacerbates competition between suppliers and requires market participants to develop optimal gas supply options for consumers adapted to new conditions. The article examines the features of the formation of promising gas hubs in the countries of South-Eastern Europe. The specifics of the development of the gas market in Bulgaria and Greece are shown. Attention is focused on strengthening Turkey's position as an important gas corridor. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the energy infrastructure in this region is still underdeveloped. The region does not offer an efficient market mechanism for the sale and purchase of natural gas, as well as a spot pricing mechanism. At the same time, amid heightened competition on the European gas market, South-Eastern Europe is beginning to play an increasingly significant role in maintaining Russia's position as the largest gas supplier.
TRENDS AND RESULTS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM
Authors: Pham Ngoc Van
Published: April 2022

At present Vietnam, according to key economic and socially significant indicators, can be confidently attributed to dynamically developing states. Such achievements are a consequence of the sustainable development strategy consistently implemented by the public administration sector. The global modernization of the national economy of the country has brought significant results that can definitely be attributed to the experience of best practices. In general terms, characterizing the main features of the Vietnamese economy, one should single out the predominant share of agriculture, export orientation, including agricultural products, the intensity of GDP growth, the flexibility of authorities in regulating macroeconomic processes, etc. Given the agrarian orientation of the Vietnamese economy, the chosen course with an emphasis on agricultural industrialization and modernization contributed to the achievement of socially significant results in this industry. In this study, a detailed analysis of the main trends in the development of agriculture is carried out, an interpretation of the results is presented, problem areas are identified that do not allow taking a leading position among the countries of Southeast Asia in the export of agricultural products. The main directions of the agrarian policy implemented by the government of Vietnam are systematized, which are aimed at strengthening the competitive position of the state in the context of ongoing permanent institutional changes.
A Comparative Study on Sedation Efficacy Between General and Regional Anesthesia
with Dexmedetomidine in Patients Under Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Yanan Jiang , Hui Ding , Jianwei Guo , Ronglin Liu , Lijuan Zhu , Jing Zhao
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:

Securing the airway in the surgery of maxillofacial disorders and traumas is
fundamental during the operation. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial sedative effects of dexmedetomidine
(DEX) in patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery with regional anesthesia compared to general
anesthesia.

Methods:

Fifty patients, aged 20-45 years old were randomly divided into two groups of regional anesthesia (RA)
and general anesthesia (GA) (each n=25). The group RA received regional block with sedation (DEX: 1 μg/kg infused
over 10 min followed by the maintenance dose of 0.5 μg/kg/h) and the group GA underwent general anesthesia
(DEX: 0.1 μg/kg/min over 10 min followed by 0.4–0.7 μg/kg/h). Postoperative pain scores, anesthesia outcomes,
hemodynamic parameters, the time of the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge and intra and postoperative
complications were comparatively assessed in both groups.

Results:

The baseline characteristics of the patients (age, gender, BMI, and ASA physical status) showed no differences
between the two groups (P>0.05). Although the duration of surgery and recovery time showed no differences
between the groups, the duration of anesthesia and extubation time was remarkably lower in the RA group than in the
GA group (P<0.01). Administration of nerve blocks demonstrated less pain and longer sleep time in the postoperative
phase as compared to the GA group. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly less in the RA
group at the end of the loading dose of DEX and incision time (P<0.05). SpO2, respiration rate and Ramsay sedation
scale did not exhibit any significant differences between the two groups at all-time points (P>0.05). No significant
differences were observed with regard to the adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:

Although our findings revealed that both methods are suitable and safe methods for maxillofacial surgery,
the outcomes of anesthesia with regional block and sedation include less pain in the postoperative phase, shorter
extubation time and earlier discharge from the PACU demonstrated that this method is more reliable for maxillofacial
surgery. Further controlled studies are needed to compare the effectiveness and safety profiles of two RA and
GA techniques and also to compare DEX with other anesthetic agents to achieve optimum outcomes in maxillofacial
surgeries.
FLG Gene Mutation Up-regulates the Abnormal Tumor Immune Response and Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yong , Zhang Zhihong , Zhang Peng , An Zesheng , Sun Changhai
Published: April 2022

Background:

Prostate Cancer (PCa) ranks sixth with regard to the cause of cancerinduced
male diseases worldwide, and inflammation is closely associated with its morbidity, deterioration,
and prognosis. Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) is identified to be the most common biomarker
for the prediction of immunotherapy. But it is still unclear about the relationship of gene
mutations in PCa with TMB and immune response.

Objective:

To study the relationship between gene mutation and anti-tumor immune response in
the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment.

Methods:

In the present work, the PCa somatic mutation data were collected from the International
Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets.

Results:

As a result, 8 genes with high mutation frequency, including TP53, PTEN, TTN, FLG,
CTNNB1, SPOP, MUC16, and KMT2C, were discovered to be covered by 4 cohorts from the United
States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and China. Overall, the FLG mutation was related to a
greater TMB, which predicted the dismal prognostic outcome. Besides, the CIBERSORT algorithm
and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were adopted for analysis, which revealed that FLG
mutation remarkably promoted immune response in the context of PCa and accelerated cancer development.
To sum up, FLG shows a high mutation frequency in PCa, and is related to the increase
in TMB, up-regulation of abnormal immune responses in tumors, and promotion of tumor progression.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it may be used as a biomarker to predict the abnormal immune responses
and provide a therapeutic target for immunotherapy in the treatment of PCa.
WITHDRAWN: Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Ameliorates Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Septic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xiong Qin , Zhang Tao , Yuan Lin , Geng Huan , Gu Xuelian , Ma Yuhui , Sun Fangyuan
Published: April 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Superamphiphilic Polymeric Coating in Membrane Application: A Mini-
Review
Authors: Falah Sara , Ghorbani Mohsen , Azimifar Mohamadreza
Published: April 2022

Membrane technology as one of the most efficient and cost-effective separation methods has been mainly considered for different applications. But as with any method, there are some special drawbacks in membranes such as fouling, concentration polarization, and durability, which can limit the membrane performance in terms of permeate flux and solute rejection. Superamphiphilic polymers have different applications in different fields which include liquid-liquid separation membranes, self-healing, antifouling, self-cleaning, and adsorbent coatings. Recently, these kinds of coatings were applied on different membrane systems and the effects of coating on the membrane performance were evaluated. As a review, an overview on the most common methods for manufacturing membranes with superamphiphilic surface, a general review of the explored practical applications of such coatings in membranes, conclusions about the current situation of research, and commercial applications of superamphiphilic membranes are presented in this study.
Atypical Debut of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis as Acute Tonsilitis and Strawberry Gum: A Case Report
Authors: Santos Cristiana Sieiro , Morales Clara Moriano , Castro Carolina Álvarez , Alvarez Elvira Diez
Published: April 2022

Background:

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis
characterized by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis. It is characterized by
the triad of the upper and lower respiratory system, lung, and kidney disease. Although it is usually
a multisystemic disease, limited forms have also been described, and otolaryngological involvement
is the first manifestation in up to 80-95% of the cases.

Case Presentation:

In this report, we describe the case of an ANCA negative patient with a limited
form of GPA that presented a necrotic lesion confined to the right tonsil compatible with granulomatosis
with polyangiitis, which later presented positive ANCA antibodies. Oral lesions may be the
initial manifestation of GPA, and systemic involvement can be presented within weeks or months.
Although the oral manifestations have been well described, the initial presentation with oral lesions
is very rare, and presentation with oropharyngeal manifestation is even rarer.
This disease is generally characterized by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA);
however, there are rare cases with negative ANCA.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis was established based on the clinical presentation and the histopathological
findings of the characteristic inflammatory pattern.
The Prognostic Effect of Clinical and Laboratory Findings on in-hospital
Mortality in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Mousavi-Roknabadi Razieh Sadat , Jangjou Ali , Faramarzi Hossein , Neydani Alireza , Hosseini-Marvast Seyed Rouhollah , Moqadas Mostafa
Published: April 2022

Background:

COVID-19 is known as a global health issue, which can cause high mor-bidity and mortality in patients. It is necessary to identify biomarkers, clinical and laboratory find-ings and effects on patients' mortality.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effect of clinical and laboratory findings on in-hospital mortality in patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study (February-August 2020) was conducted on adult patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in one of the main reference hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, southern Iran. Patients with uncompleted or missed medical files were excluded from the study. Clinical and laboratory findings were extracted from the patients' medical files and then analyzed. The patients were categorized and later compared as survivor and nonsurvivors groups.

Results:

345 patients were enrolled and 205 (59.4%) were male. The mean±SD of age was 53.67±16.97 years, and 32 (9.3%) out of the total did not survive. Hypertension (28.4%) and diabe-tes (25.5%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. All clinical symptoms were similar in both groups, except fever, which was observed significantly more in nonsurvivors (P=0.027). The dura-tion of hospitalization was 9.20±5.62 (range; 2-42) days, which was higher in nonsurvivors (P<0.001). The results of Multivariate Logistic Regression Model showed that CRP (OR=1.032, P=0.01) and INR (OR=48.88, P=0.049) were the predictor factors for in-hospital mortality in hospi-talized patie<nts with confirmed COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that in-hospital mortality was 9.3%. It was found that CRP and INR were the predictor factors for in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on the Delayed-Onset
Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and Inflammatory Response among Athletes
and Non-Athletes
Authors: Mesta Krishna , Medithi Srujana
Published: April 2022

Background:

Nutrition plays a vital role in fuelling an athlete for any sports event.
The proper nutrition helps in better performance and better recovery of an athlete. Nutraceutical
omega-3 fatty acids have shown to have a potential contribution to their performance output, recovery,
and health/injury risk.

Objective:

The study aims to understand omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and review the required
dose and duration of the intervention sufficient to confer any potential health benefit.

Methods:

The review was carried out using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Studies were
selected based on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to improve muscle functioning and inflammation.
In contrast, those studies based on animal models, pregnant women, or review articles
were excluded from this review. Studies among athletes and non-athletes were selected and
categorised.

Results:

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation among athletes has provided substantial evidence
of their health benefits in peripheral neuromuscular conditions, anaerobic endurance, muscle
soreness, and reduced inflammation. It also hinted at the possible beneficial role of omega-3 fatty
acid in supplementation and other sports beverages to help muscle health. Among non-athletes, it
was observed that omega-3 fatty acids also help decrease the levels of inflammatory markers
among non-athletes, and it helps improve muscle soreness after intense physical activity.
Besides, it helps prevent muscle disuse atrophy, which could help injured individuals.

Conclusion:

The dose range of 1.1 g to 7 g for 2 weeks to 4 months can be effective for individuals,
whether athletes or non-athletes.
Evaluation of INM on Growth, Yield and Quality of Summer Cowpea [Vigna unguiculatal (L) Walp.] Under Doab region of Uttar - Pradesh
Authors: SINGH OMBIR , KUMAR SANDEEP , KUMAR ARUN , CHOUDHARY MAYA
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research farm of Chaudhary Chhotu Ram(PG) College Muzaffarnagar during summer season of 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the Integrated Nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of summer cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) under Doab region of Uttar Pradesh. There were sixteen treatments combinations with four fertility levels (Control - F0, 50% RDF - F1, 75% RDF - F2 and 100% RDF - F3) and bio - organics (control - B0, PSB - B1, Vermicompost @2t/ha - B2 and B1+B2 = B3) and tested in a Randomized block Design with three replication. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was considered as 20 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O/ha. Results indicated that application of 75% RDF - F2 being at bar with that of 100% RDF (F3) but significantly superior in respect to all the growth as well as yield and yield attributes to other treatments tested in study. Further analysis of data clearly indicate that application of vermicompost @2t/ha being at per with PSB + Vermicompost, but superior to other treatments. Combined application of 75% RDF and Vermicompost @2t/ha (F2B2) proved to be the best treatment in terms of pod / plant, seed yield and N uptake as well as protein production. Net return work out of different treatment combination in this study is also witness this fact.
Short term effect of tillage, residue and biofertilizer on some physicochemical soil attributes under Teraiagro-ecological zone of West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Dewali , Sinha A. K. , Rao K. K. , S. Rakesh , Sahoo Samaresh , Mukhopadhyay P. , Bhattacharya P. M. , Ghosh A. , Mukherjee P. K.
Published: April 2022

Improvement of physicochemical status of soil always should be of major concern before adopting any practices. In the present investigation, we assessed tillage, crop residue and biofertilizer on some physicochemical properties of soil.Results revealed that pH and bulk density both observed to get higher in their level proportionally with depths. Residue and biofertilizers application significantly (p less than 0.05) improved organic carbon contentirrespective of the tillage practice.Higher available nitrogen content observed with the application of residue and biofertilizer in both zero-tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT)at surface layer (0-5 cm). ZT with residue application recorded highest phosphorus (P) at 0-5 cm depth. Residue and biofertilizer both increased the P at 0-10 cm layer; however,biofertilizer involving PSB had better effect in CT than the ZT. Residue application increased the K availability in the plough layer but the effect of biofertilizer found to be restricted to top layer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Chelates Using Organic and Amino acids as a Chelating Agents and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Improving the Growth, Yield and Quality of Blackgram
Authors: JAWAHAR D. , MURALI S. , SHARMILA D. JEYA SUNDARA , SIVAKUMAR K.
Published: April 2022

Deficiency of iron in plants is the most serious problem in recent agricultural practices due to the introduction of high yielding varieties, loss through leaching and reduced farm yard manure application. Chelating agents are widely used to increase the solubility of micronutrients, for stable and sustainable crop production.A chelate refers to a ring system that results when a metal ion combines with two or more electron donor groups of a single molecule.The lab experiment was carried out to study the synthesis of Fe chelates by using organic and amino acid based chelating agents. The synthesized iron chelate was characterized. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar and soil application of amino acids and organic acids chelated micronutrients on growth yield and qualityof blackgram. The plants were sprayed with single dose of organically chelated iron(1%) along with common ferrous sulphate on 25 and 45 DAS and untreated control. The results showed that foliar application of 1% ferrous glycinate chelate at resulted in maximum plant height, SPAD value, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod length and 100 grain weight, Starch content and Protein content of blackgram in calcareous black soil.
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Singh Rajaneesh , Singh Deepanshu , Baksh Hari
Published: April 2022

The present study was carried out at Experimental Unit, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh during winter season of 2018-19 to investigate growth, yield and qualitative parameters of various radish varieties. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with ten treatments and three replicatations. Ten varieties of radish, used for the study as treatments were viz., Pusa Chetaki, Pusa Himani, Kashi Hans, Subhra-32, Menu Early, Desi Local, Japanese White, Palak Patta, Kashi Sweta and Local-1. The growth parameters like Germination percentage (%) was maximum in Kashi Sweta (95.03 %), while it was minimum in Local-1 (81.20 %), The maximum plant height (56.52 cm), Number of leaves/plant (19.81), Leaf length (33.38 cm), Leaf width (13.04 cm), Chlorophyll contents (42.82 SPAD), Root length (30.89cm), Root Diameter (54.64 mm), Root weight (165.46gm), Leaf weight (110.38 gm), Whole plant weight (275.870 gm), Root yield/plot (4.467 kg) and Root yield/ha (446.50 q) were found in Kashi Sweta. Whereas the minimum plant height (40.96 cm), Number of leaves/plant (9.86), Leaf length (21.56 cm), Leaf width (7.05 cm), Chlorophyll contents (33.38 SPAD), Root length (19.50 cm), Root Diameter (38.83 mm), Root weight (121.15 gm), Leaf weight (80.94 gm), Whole plant weight (202.093 gm), Root yield/plot (3.271 kg) and Root yield/ha (327.07 q) were found in Local-1.
Dielectric properties of sorghum seeds (Sorghum bicolour) in the radio frequency range
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Shukla J. P.
Published: April 2022

The dielectric parameters of hygroscopic materials such as seeds and grains vary greatly when subjected to varying electric field. The values of dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and other related parameters along with dielectric relaxation spectrum has tremendous application in in processing industries, as it helps in determine online and instantaneous moisture content of seed lots during harvesting, processing, handling and transportation and in controlled heating without quality damage. For these operations the effect of frequency moisture and temperature of the material over wide frequency range is required. This paper presents the dielectric properties of sorghum seed (Sorghum bicolour) over the radio frequency range of 0.50 kHz to 10 MHz, determined by Hewlett-Packard (HP-4194A) impedance/gain phase analyzer over the moisture range of 2.9% to 18.5% with corresponding bulk density and temperature range of 0.812-0.760 gm/ cm3 and 30-45oC , respectively.
Weed Management Practices on Crop Productivity and Economics in Dry-Direct Seeded Rice under Hill and Plateau Region of Eastern India
Authors: Singh Amitesh Kumar , Shanker Ravi , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Amit Kumar , Bhushan Surya , Kumawat Narendra , Singh Nikhil Kumar , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: April 2022

In direct seeded rice, weeds are the major problems limiting the crop productivity. Sesbania with direct seeded rice (DSR) as well as seeding rates of rice affects the weed density by smothering effect and therefore, it can be a better weed management practice. Two year on farm trials were conducted at the Kusma, Boarijore Block and Bhaluka, Sundarpahadi block of Godda from 2020 and 2021 to assess the effect of weed management on yields and economics in DSR. The results revealed that significantly the lowest density of grasses, broad leaved weeds (BLWs), sedges, total weed density, total weed dry weight and the highest weed control efficiency were recorded with the treatment of DSR + Sesbania over DSR (pre-sowing irrigation followed by tillage and rice seeding) followed by first post-sowing irrigation at 15 DAS and the farmer’s practice. Weed management practice, DSR + Sesbania was found significantly higher grain yield, gross returns, net returns, B: C ratio, production efficiency and economic efficiency over to followed by first post sowing irrigation at 15 DAS and farmer’s practice. While the farmer’s practice was recorded higher weed index and lowest weed control efficiency. Thus, on the basis present study it is concluded that weed management practice i.e. DSR + Sesbania could be a better option to reduced the weed infestation as well as improves the productivity of DSR in rainfed agro-ecosystem of Jharkhand.
Crop management practices influence the nodule characteristics, yield attributes and yield of groundnut
Authors: Poonia Tanuja , Kumar Sheilendra , Kumawat S. M.
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner (Rajasthan). The treatment comprises of three tillage practices in main plots viz. T1 – minimum tillage (MT), T2 – deep tillage (DT) and T3 – conventional tillage (CT) and six fertilizer management practices in sub plots i.e. (i) control (F0)(ii) recommended dose of NK fertilizer (F1) (iii) recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (RDF) (F2) (iv) RDF + phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB) 2.5 Kg ha-1 (F3) (v) RDF + PSB 2.5 Kg ha-1 + Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (AMF) 2 Kg ha-1 (F4)(vi) RDF + PSB 2.5 Kg ha-1 + AMF 4 Kg ha-1 (F5). A total of 18 treatment combinations were laid out in split plot design and replicated four times. Deep tillage (DT) produced significantly higher number of pods per plant, kernels per pod, number and dry weight of root nodules, pod yield and seed index as compared to minimum tillage. DT also recorded higher net return and B:C ratiocompared to MT. Among various fertilizer management practices,RDF along with seed inoculation with PSBand AMF recorded significantly higher growth, yield and yield parameters compared to RDF without seed inoculation. Also recorded the maximum net return and B:C ratio over rest of the fertilizer management practices. Thus, deep tillagealong with RDF + PSB + AMF (4 kg ha-1) enhanced groundnutyield attributes, yieldsand net returns.
Response of liming materials and phosphorus on growth and yield of soybean in a Dystrudept of Nagaland
Authors: Singh L. Somendro , Singh P. K.
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2018 and 2019 on different liming materials and phosphorus to evaluate the influence of different liming materials and levels of phosphorus on growth attributes, yield attributes and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. All the liming materials (no lime, WA @ 0.4 LR, PMS @ 0.4 LR and CS @ 0.4 LR and P levels (0, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) significantly increased plant height, leave plant-1,branches plant-1, number of root nodules plant-1, root length and root dry weight at different crop growth stages at 30, 60 and 90 DAS. Application of liming materials and P levels significantly increased pods plant-1, 100 seed weight, grain and stover yield.Interaction effect of liming material and P was also significant for the parameters plant height, number of root nodules plant-1, root length, number of pods plant-1, stover and grain yield. The highest yield was found with an application of calcium silicate @ 0.4 LR along with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Development and ergonomic assessment of women friendly stirrup hoe
Authors: Anuraga A P , Sundaram P. K. , Mondala S. , Jeet Pawan , Reddy R. B. , Sarkara Bikash , Upadhyaya A. , Kumar Ujjwal
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region to evaluate stirrup hoe for intercultural operation in maize crop (Zea mays L.). The mean values of age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), body surface area (BSA) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the subjects were 37.83 years, 51.67 kg, 152.50 cm, 22.20 kg/m2, 1.36 m2 and 1233.98 kcal/day, respectively. The mean of heart rate (HR), energy expenditure rate (EER) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) during operation of stirrup hoe and khurpi were 113.08 and 97.13 beats/min, 9.26 and 6.72 kJ min-1 and 0.61 and 0.43 l/min. Weeding efficiency, plant injury and effective field capacity for stirrup hoe were 84.57%, 1.85% and 0.007 ha/hr whereas, for khurpi these were 96.95%, 0.74% and 0.002 ha/hr. The cost of operation of khurpi was 3.5 times costlier than stirrup hoe. The body part discomfort score (BPDS) of stirrup hoe was 26.8 whereas that of khurpi was 20.8. write advantage of stirrup hoe over khurpi.
Actuating forces of frequently operated controls on Indian agricultural tractors
Authors: Shukla Prabhakar , Potdar R R , Jyoti Bikram
Published: April 2022

India is the world's largest operator and manufacturer of agricultural tractors. The ergonomic concerns and incorporating the physical and strength capabilities of the Indian operators were neglected while designing and developing the tractors in India. As a result, there was a substantial mismatch between the operators' capabilities and the forces required to operate the tractors' controls. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the actuation forces of frequently operated controls on popular Indian tractors. Ten agricultural tractors of different makes and models in the power range of 23 to 50 kW were selected for the study. The Sushma steering torque measurement system, Novatech pedal force loadcell, and Gear effort transducer were used to measure the actuation force of the controls, steering wheel, clutch and brake pedal, and gear shifter lever, respectively. The actuation forces required to operate the clutch pedal on selected tractors ranged from 130 to 250 N, well below the IS 10703 (1992) limit of 350 N. Except for one tractor, the brake pedal actuation forces observed for the selected tractors varied from 390 to 670 N, well below the recommended limit of 600 N given by IS 10703 (1992). In static conditions, most tractors' steering wheel actuation forces ranged from 210 to 340 N, exceeding or approaching the 250 N limit set by AIS-042 (2004). In dynamic conditions, when tractors were operated at 3 km/h, the actuating forces for the selected tractors ranged from 90-220 N and were well within the AIS-042 limit.