bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivation of Trainee Teachers in Conducting Online Learning Using Digital Games Based on Arcs Motivation Model
Authors: Md Ibharim Laili Farhana , Mohd Shukuri Mohammad Azri
Published: January 2023

The endemic situation of Covid-19 plaguing the world today has huge implications for education. This requires teachers to be more creative and innovative in delivering knowledge in the classroom via online learning. However, trainee teachers lack experience and skills compared to professional teachers, which affects the consistency of their motivation. Therefore, this paper discusses the perceived improvement of motivation of trainee teachers based on the ARCS motivation model toward a game-based learning approach through a digital game called StayFit as a teaching tool. This study focuses on four components of ARCS motivational constructs;- i) attention; ii) relevance; iii) confidence; and iv) satisfaction. The research design is quantitative and based on a survey using a questionnaire to collect the data. 56 respondents were involved in this study and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study show that the trainee teachers gave positive feedback through the implementation of digital game-based learning in their online classes especially in terms of enhancing their motivation in the teaching process. The implication of the study shows that the use of digital game as a teaching aid in online learning can increase the motivation of trainee teachers and make the learning process more effective, which meet with the needs of remote learning that applied during this endemic situation.
Pengetahuan, Sikap, Amalan Terhadap Privasi Maklumat & Keselamatan Pembelian Barangan dalam Talian oleh Golongan Belia
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Pitchan Muhammad Adnan , Baco Mohamad Adli ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hassan Fauziah ,   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Ahmad Ghazali Akmar Hayati ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia
Published: January 2023

Kemunculan media baharu telah membuka peluang dan ruang kepada golongan belia untuk menjalankan urus niaga melalui dalam talian. Kini, urusan pembelian dalam talian telah menjadi salah satu aktiviti wajib bagi pengguna Internet kerana ianya menjimatkan masa dan tenaga seseorang individu. Walaupun, teknologi moden ini memberi pelbagai manfaat tetapi dari sudut yang lain ianya boleh memberi ancaman kepada pengguna Internet terutama golongan belia seperti menjadi mangsa penipuan dalam talian. Isu penipuan pembelian barangan dalam talian semakin hari semakin membimbangkan. Ianya semakin terjadi apabila negara menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 yang mana penggunaan e-dagang semakin meningkat dalam kalangan rakyat. Satu usaha holistik perlu dilakukan bagi melihat, menangani dan membendung isu-isu pembelian barangan dalam talian di kalangan belia. Dalam konteks ini, ilmu pengetahuan dan amalan pengguna amat penting agar mereka tidak menjadi mangsa jenayah siber. Oleh itu, kajian ini berobjektif untuk mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan golongan belia terhadap privasi maklumat dan keselamatan pembelian barangan dalam talian. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang mana seramai 400 responden di Klang, Selangor telah menjawab soal selidik mengenai isu pembelian dalan talian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati, isu privasi dan keselamatan maklumat mempengaruhi sikap dan amalan golongan belia ketika membuat pembelian dalam talian. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa golongan belia yang mempunyai ilmu pengetahuan dan kesedaran mampu melindungi mereka daripada menjadi mangsa jenayah siber dan seterusnya mampu mendepani risiko-risiko pembelian dalam talian. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, amalan, sikap, pembelian dalam talian, belia.
Polypropylene and Kenaf Manufacturing Process: A Review
Authors:   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Tamri Norjamalullail , Zulkifli Rozli ,   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Azhari Che Husna ,   Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Uchenna Ude Albert ,   Department of Mechanical, Energy, & Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Botswana International University of Science & Technology
Published: January 2023

The manufacturing process in its earliest form, consisted only of one skilled worker and his assistant but, after the industrial revolution, the manufacturing process became a large-scale industry. The factory system was first adopted in Britain at the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 18th century. The concept for making composites is with open and closed mold. The purpose of the study is to study the methods by scientific researchers in the combination of polypropylene polymer with natural source material, Kenaf. It was found that almost all researchers use the same technique, namely the process of hot press and injection molding (after compounded). The hot press process is also known as compression molding or matched die technique. This process is similar to the sheet metal forming process. The method of blending using a compound machine combine two or more ingredients into one homogeneous mass in a continuous process. From the process, a pallet is produced, then from a pallet-shaped material, the injection molding method is used to produce a sample or dumbbell. Every study has proven the effectiveness of the mixture as well as its manufacturing techniques, but it ends in research arae. It is a benefit if every study can be continued by producing products that can be used in the industry. This usability will encourage researchers to explore simpler but less costly manufacturing methods or techniques.
Process Variables Optimization for Heat Pump Drying of Roselle Calyx by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Ahmad Tajudin Norhaida Hanum , Lun Ang Wei ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Tasirin Siti Masrinda ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Rosli Masli Irwan ,   Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: January 2023

Heat pump drying technology has been recognized for its capability to conserve energy consumption and product quality in drying process. Understanding the influence of drying conditions on product quality and optimisation are necessary to cut down the drying cost. In this study, the drying of Roselle calyx using heat pump dryer was optimized using response surface method where Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to investigate the effects of independent variables: drying temperature (40-60ᵒC) and sample mass (100-300 g), on the response variables (drying time, energy consumption and colour changes). The drying study aimed to achieve minimum drying time, energy consumption and total colour changes. It was discovered that temperature factor has dominant effect on drying time while sample mass on energy consumption and colour changes. The interplay between the variables was closely related to heat transfer and moisture evaporation rates of the sample. The optimum drying conditions as determined were at drying temperature of 60ᵒC and sample mass of 100 g. Under these conditions, the drying time, energy consumption, and colour difference were 332.3 min, 27.05 kWh, and 4.29 ∆E, respectively. The optimization model was well validated since the difference between the predicted and experimental results was below 3%.
Improvement in Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy Via Friction Stir Processing
Authors:   Metallurgy department, Government Engineering College, Sector- 28,Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India, Dani Minal S. , Dave I.B. ,   Metallurgy department, Government Engineering College, Sector- 28,Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India, Joseph Alphonsa ,   Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), Sector-25,Gandhinagar 382016, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2023

Friction stir processing was done for surface modification of cast Magnesium-Aluminum alloy. The microstructural characteristics related to different phases of untreated cast Magnesium-Aluminum alloy, friction stir processed under different process parameters like rotational speeds at 380rpm and 545 rpm with 31.5 mm/min transverse speed with and without pure aluminum powder were investigated by Metallurgical microscopy at lower magnification and scanning electron microscopy at higher magnification. Pure aluminum powder of fine size (~19µm) was filled in the groove made at the center of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy plate which cover 33 vol% of pure aluminum during friction stir processing. The electrochemical behavior of the Magnesium-Aluminum alloy, Friction stir processed Magnesium-Aluminum alloy without aluminum powder and Friction stir processed Magnesium-Aluminum alloy with pure aluminum powder were investigated using Potentiostat in 5 wt % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.Surface of all conditions specimens were analyzed for the phases present on the surface by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) which revealed different peaks of α-Mg phase, β-phases (Mg17Al12) and Pure Aluminum . In friction stir processed Magnesium-Aluminum alloy double pass with aluminum powder all these peaks were observed. The electrochemical corrosion tests revealed the least corrosion rate (0.603 X 102mpy) for friction stir processed double pass with aluminum powder amongst all the tested specimens. The improvement in corrosion resistance of friction stir processed double pass with aluminum powder is because of more formations of the β-phases (Mg17Al12) and aluminum dissolved in the α-Mg phase.
INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENT OF OBJECT MILITARY SPHERE IN CONDITIONS INFORMATION WARFARE
Authors:   MILITARY INSTITUTE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES NAMED AFTER THE HEROES OF KRUTY, Saienko O.G. , Shatsilo P.V. ,   MILITARY INSTITUTE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES NAMED AFTER THE HEROES OF KRUTY
Published: January 2023

Achievements of scientific and technological progress, especially in the information technology field, significantly affect the development of economic, social, military, cultural and other spheres of society. But at the same time, information technology acts as a source of development and a source of threats to this development and society in general. National security is a complex multilevel functional system with continuous processes of interaction and confrontation of state, society and the individual interests with threats to them - both internal and external. The purpose of this system is to protect these interests from threats. In order to organize the protection of the state information space, it is necessary to develop ways to counter information aggression by certain entities: external aggressors, foreign intelligence services, multinational companies, criminal clans, etc. The article considers the topical problem of management of organizational components of military facilities in the conditions of information struggle and implementation of mechanisms of institutional management of these components. Advances in the theory of organizational management and structural systems analysis allow us to move from the plane of declarations of intent of information security of military and defense facilities to the practical plane of developing mechanisms for functioning of organizational components of military management and management mechanisms and their implementation in the information security management system.
RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE DESIGN OF REPAIR AND RECOVERY BODIES DURING TECHNICAL CONDITION OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Kryvtsun V.I. , Baranov A.М. ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Baranov Y.М. ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Zhyrov G.B. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2023

Improving the quality of managing the technical condition of military equipment is achieved by maintaining the required amount of operational military equipment, the time it is used for its intended purpose, and the timely recovery of military equipment under conditions of combat actions. The article develops recommendations for the design of repair and recovery bodies while managing technical condition of military equipment based on an improved technique for determining and adjusting the optimal frequency of military equipment maintenance. The proposed structure of repair and recovery bodies has to meet the following requirements: to ensure performing the assigned tasks by troops, through maintaining military equipment in serviceable condition and its timely recovery; to perform recovery work in the field with minimal time outlays, expenses of efforts and resources; to be equipped with high-performance, advanced versatile equipment that meets the conditions of its application; by constant readiness to perform functional tasks in accordance with their purpose; the possibility of echeloning with preservation of technological independence; the ability to perform their functional tasks in any conditions and at any time, with minimal non-productive time outlays; the availability of appropriate tactics of application, functional purpose and place in the operational forming-up of communications and command and control troops. The proposed recommendations allow to develop a new structure of repair and recovery bodies, separately for each case of their application depending on the type of combat actions and the situation in which military equipment is used for its intended purpose, as well as to eliminate failures in the process of management of military equipment in the process of managing the technical condition of military equipment under conditions of combat actions, that will allow to increase the efficiency of management and ensure effective organization of the process of managing the recovery of military equipment.
Novel Approach for Intrusion Detection Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm Combined with Hopfield Neural Network
Authors: Obeidat Atef
Published: January 2023

With the continued increase in Internet usage, the risk of encountering online threats remains high. This study proposes a new approach for intrusion detection to produce better outcomes than similar approaches with high accuracy rates. The proposed approach uses Simulated Annealing algorithms [1] combined with Hopfield Neural network [2] for supervised learning to improve performance by increasing the correctness of true detection and reducing the error rates as a result of false detection. The proposed approach is evaluated on an intrusion detection data set called KDD99[3]. Experimental tests demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach to rapidly detect high precision and efficiency intrusion behaviors. The proposed approach offers a 99.16% accuracy rate and a 0.3% false-positive rate.Department of Information Technology,
HP4 High-Performance Programmable Packet Parser
Authors: Ibrahim Amr
Published: January 2023

Now, header parsing is the main topic in the modern network systems to support many operations such as packet processing and security functions. The header parser design has a significant effect on the network devices' performances (latency, throughput, and resource utilization). However, the header parser design suffers from a lot number of difficulties, such as the incrementing in network throughput and a variety of protocols. Therefore, the programmable hardware packet parsing is the best solution to meet the dynamic reconfiguration and speed needs. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is an appropriate device for programmable high-speed packet implementation. This paper introduces a novel FPGA High-Performance Programmable Packet Parser architecture (HP4). HP4 automatically generated by the P4 (Programming protocol-independent Packet Processors) to optimize the speed, dynamic reconfiguration, and resource consumption. The HP4 shows a pipelined packet parser dynamic reconfiguration and low latency. In addition to high throughput (over 600 Gb/s), HP4 resource utilization is less than 7.5 percent of Virtex-7 870HT, and latency is about 88 ns. HP4 can use in a high-speed dynamic packet switch and network security.
Rapid Learning Optimization Approach for Battery Recovery-Aware Embedded System Communications
Authors: ASSAOUY Mohammed , Zytoune Ouadoudi , Ouadou Mohamed
Published: January 2023

To date, battery optimization for embedded systems still a crucial subject. Actually, the majority of carried out works focus on transmission controls without taking into account the specifications of the batteries themselves. Indeed, an improvementof 70\% is reported by exploiting the battery recovery effect.In this paper, the recovery phenomenon is exploited to design an algorithm that optimizes both the lifetime of the battery and the performance of the studied system. The algorithms from Dynamic programming and Reinforcement learning fields are the first to be considered. When in Dynamic programming prior detailed information are assumed to be available, in reinforcement learning those information becomes unknown and long calculation times are needed to converge toward an optimal policy solution. The paper contribution is about designing a new Rapid Learning Algorithm (RLA) that combines both Dynamic programming and Reinforcement learning features. RLA exploits a reduced model of the system instead of exploring the whole and heavy system state model as Dynamic programming do. The RLA run-time is then shortened. Based on battery stochastic model, the simulation results obtained with RLA are compared to the Dynamic programming and Reinforcement learning algorithms under the same conditions. By taking into account the recovery effect this paper illustrates that the calculation time and the system performance are greatly improved when RLA is adopted.
A STABLE CLUSTERING SCHEME WITH NODE PREDICTION IN MANET
Authors: SR Drishya , S Renukadevi , V Vaidehi
Published: January 2023

The main concern in MANET is increasing network lifetime and security. Clustering is one of the approaches that help in maintaining network stability. Electing an efficient and reliable Cluster Head (CH) is a challenging task. Many approaches are proposed for efficient clustering, weight-based clustering is one among them. This paper proposes a stable clustering scheme which provides network stability and energy efficiency. Proposed Stable Clustering Algorithm with Node Prediction (SCA-NP) computes the weight of the node using a combination of node metrics. Among these metrics, Direct Trust (DT) of the node provides a secure choice of CH and Node Prediction metric based on the minimum estimated time that node stay in the cluster provides the stable clustering. Mobility prediction is considered as the probability that a node stays in the network. This metric helps in electing CH which is available in the network for a longer time. Simulation is done in NS3 to evaluate the performance of SCA-NP in terms of clusters formed, network lifetime, efficiency in packet delivery, detecting malicious nodes and avoiding them in communication.
Assessment of High School Students’ Ability to Solve Structured Problems with Ideal Model on Acid-Base
Authors: Rokhim Deni Ainur , Atikah Atikah , Vitarisma Isma Yanti , Rahayu Sri , Muntholib Muntholib
Published: January 2023

Problem-solving is one of the abilities that a student must-have in the 21st century. This is because students' ability to solve problems is expected to increase their competence of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Problem-solving ability can be improved in several ways for example, the use of a certain instructional model, worksheets, and assessment or assessment based on problem-solving. This study aimed to develop and implement structured problem-solving assessment with the IDEAL model on acid-base materials, salt hydrolysis, buffer solutions, and acid-base titrations to examine students' problem-solving abilities. The instrument development model used adapts the ADDIE model with four steps, namely analysis, planning, development, and implementation. The research sample were 34 high school students in grade 11 in Sidoarjo, East Java. The result is that the problem-solving ability with the lowest percentage are in the acid-base titration material for the Act on strategy indicator at 27.21%, while the highest percentage of skills are found in the buffer solution material for the Explore solution indicator at 89.5%. This study implies that the test instrument for further research is to measure students' ability to solve structured problems with the IDEAL model on acid and base. This study implies that the test instrument for further research measures students' ability to solve structured problems with the IDEAL model on acid-base, salt hydrolysis, buffer solution, and acid titration. So that the problem solving process with the integration of problem solving problems can improve students' critical thinking.
Determination of the Heterogeneous Photodegradation Velocity Constant of Sodium Diclofenac with the Evaluation of Residual Toxicity in Artemia salina
Authors: De Souza Danilo Rodrigues , Galdino Marcelo , Lima Letícia da Silva
Published: January 2023

With population growth and increasing urbanization, pollution of aquatic matrices has become frequent, with many studies focused on emerging contaminants as they are recalcitrant and bioaccumulative substances. With the deficiency in conventional water and sewage treatments, this work seeks alternatives for the mitigation of these pollutants, proposing the role of heterogeneous photocatalysis in the degradation of drugs, in this case, sodium diclofenac (SDF). Photocatalytic tests were performed using a bench system. The samples obtained were quantified using a colorimetric method with the aid of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The main observation was intense and rapid degradation of the drug in the first 10 min, indicating a reduction in the concentration of 71.05%. For the periods of 0-10 min and 10-60 min, two photodegradation regimes were estimated, with the first regime having an apparent rate constant of 0.12394 min-1 and the second of 0.01601 min-1. Toxicity bioassays were performed with the aid of Artemia salina, determining a 50% lethal concentration of 4.45 x 10-4 molL-1. When performing a new photocatalysis to determine the toxicity of the waste generated it was possible to observe a significant decrease in toxicity in the first 30 min, reaching a total reduction in 120 min.
GENDER EQUITY AGAINST “ECONOMIC REALITIES”: HOW A CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO MOVEMENTS RESHAPED THE CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING OF PAY
Authors: Adler Laura
Published: January 2023

In the United States today, there is a broad cultural understanding that market forces drive pay outcomes. But prior to the 1980s, pay was understood to be the product of bureaucratic processes internal to organizations. The question of whether pay is determined by the market or organizational decisions is essential for evaluating employers’ liability for gender pay inequality, as employers are not responsible for inequalities resulting from the “economic realities” of the labor market. This article locates the shift in cultural beliefs about pay in key court decisions in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, a social movement for pay equity used the idea of comparable worth to hold organizations accountable for inequality between jobs held by women and similarly valuable jobs held by men. But the judges who ruled on these cases were informed by a different movement, known as law and economics, which led them to conceptualize pay as the product of market forces instead of organizational decisions. These judges’ decisions limited employers’ liability for the pay gap and precipitated a transformation of the cultural common sense of pay within organizations, which increasingly adopted market-based approaches. The case of comparable worth highlights the role of judges, who have a unique role in determining the impact of social movements while themselves being targeted by such movements.
Persistent long-term hyperglycemia in a premature newborn: clinical example
Authors: Shestak E. V. , Evdokimova M. V.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To analyze the clinical picture of premature baby A. with persistent hyperglycemia, the patient's treatment tactics and approaches to differential diagnosis of the causes of this pathological condition. Glucose occupies one of the central positions in the processes of fetal growth and development, timely and normal development of the newborn brain. Disorders of its metabolism often lead to hypo- or hyperglycemia, especially common among premature infants, from isolated episodes to long-lasting persistent conditions. This article discusses a clinical case of a patient with registration of persistent hyperglycemia for two months.
Materials and methods. The article presents the analysis of the treatment of premature patient A. with a birth weight of 450 g. Medical documents with the results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory research methods were used. Informed consent of legal representatives for examination and treatment was obtained.
Results. A change in the condition of the child against the background of deep prematurity, septic process, accompanied by prolonged episodes of hyperglycemia, oxygen dependence, episodes of anemia, the formation of retinopathy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is described.
Conclusions. The analysis of the clinical case showed that hyperglycemia in premature infants is a polyetiological condition, it has different duration and outcomes, can be both the main disease as well as manifestation of many other serious pathologies of the neonatal period. The further search for effective and safe methods of diagnosis and correction of hyperglycemia is justified.
Effect of comorbid pathology on the outcome of gastric cancer with Krukenberg metastases in a patient of reproductive age: clinical case
Authors: Shevlyukova T. P. , Chernaya V. A. , Keln A. A. , Shvedsky M. S. , Shageeva M. R.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To determine the features of the influence of comorbid pathology on the outcome of metastatic gastric cancer in a patient of reproductive age.
Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of a clinical case was carried out on the basis of the Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy № 1 of the Medical Center "Medical City", Tyumen.
Results. The patients case, taking into account the data of instrumental examinations, objective examination, general condition of 40 % on the Karnofsky Scale, ECOG-3 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), diagnosis, morphology and complications, was diagnosed as incurable; special methods of antitumor treatment were not indicated. In the current clinical situation, there was used the post-syndrome therapy, prolongation of antiretroviral therapy, examination for searching an infectious agent in the liquor and blood.
Conclusions. Treatment of stage IV gastric cancer is aimed at prolonging the patient's life and improving its quality, stabilizing the disease; its goal is to achieve the same result in terms of quality of life and overall survival as in HIV-negative patients.
Prognosis of forming phenotype of comorbidity of arterial hypertension and erosive-ulcerative le-sions of gastroduodenal zone in railway transport workers
Authors: Malyutina N. N. , Yuy N. D. , Luzina S. V. , Vatolin D. M. , Sosnin D. Yu.
Published: January 2023

Objective. To study the clinical and laboratory features of the formation of a combination of arterial hypertension in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone and to develop a method for predicting the probability of developing this phenotype. Arterial hypertension and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are among the common diseases, which are often observed in the same patients.
Materials and methods. Employees (n = 127, males only) of locomotive crews, who work for more than 10 years at Perm-II Railway Station of Sverdlovsk Branch of OJSC Russian Railways, were examined. The methods of examination included the analysis of anamnesis data, physical, laboratory and instrumental examinations of patients. Laboratory studies included the analysis of the results of a general blood test, the serum concentration of common biochemical parameters (glucose and cholesterol), as well as the concentration of individual proteins: endothelin-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and C-reactive protein.
Results. The diagnostic value of determining a number of indicators for predicting the development of arterial hypertension in patients with erosive and ulcerative manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract was established. The greatest significance for the diagnosis of comorbidity was demonstrated by the level of endothelin-1, glucose and cholesterol as well as the content of white blood cells and platelets. The data obtained made it possible to develop a mathematical formula for calculating the risk of arterial hypertension in patients with erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal system.
Conclusions. Employees of locomotive crews have an increased risk for comorbid pathology formation arterial hypertension against the background of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone, which is accompanied by a change in a number of laboratory parameters that can be used to predict the risk of developing comorbid pathology.
Natural refrigerants are favored by the future
Authors: Ponomarev Vladimir G. , Talyzin Maxim S.
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Reducing the harmful impact on the environment is a promising way to the development of low-temperature technology. According to the amendment to the Montreal Agreement, approved by the Russian Federation, the use of hydrofluorocarbons should be reduced by 85% by 2036.
AIMS: To justify the use of hydrocarbons as refrigerants in terms of their effectiveness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, we have studied the losses of refrigeration plants at different temperature levels (refrigerant boiling points of 25 С, 18 С, and 13 С), while working with the refrigerants R134a, R404A, R1270, and R290 using the entropy-statistical method of thermodynamic analysis.
RESULTS: Experimental results revealed that the natural refrigerants, R1270 and R290 have higher efficiency than the conventional refrigerants R134a and R404A. The values of the cooling coefficient under adiabatic compression are higher by 16.28%, 1.81%, and 1.14% compared to R404A, R1270, and R290, respectively, for installation with a boiling point of 13 C. Similarly, for installation with a boiling point of 18 C, these values are higher by 16.84%, 1.13%, and 0.58% compared to R404A, R1270, and R290, respectively. Furthermore, for installation with a boiling point of 25 C, the values of the cooling coefficient under adiabatic compression are higher by 18.53%, 0.8%, and 0.43% compared to R404A, R1270, and R290, respectively.
In addition, the degree of thermodynamic perfection for R290 is higher by 27.99%, 19.2%, and 14.79% compared to R134a, R404A, and R1270, respectively, for a boiling point of 13 C. Similarly, for R290 and a boiling point of 18 C, it is higher by 21.25%, 14.71%, and 9.9% compared to R134a, R404A, and R1270, respectively.Furthermore, for R290 and a boiling point of 25 C, it is higher by 27.94%, 11.44%, and 3.61% compared to R134a, R404A, and R1270, respectively.
In this study, data on the production of hydrocarbon refrigerants, in particular R1270 and R290, under the Russian Federation are presented. Moreover, quality indicators and the main areas of application for the same are provided here.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the analysis showed the prospects of using natural refrigerants (R1270 and R290) and allowed us to assess different ways to improve the refrigeration plants.
New Drugs for the Treatment of DME and the Role of Biomarkers in Predicting Their Effectiveness
Authors: Budzinskaya M. V. , Plyukhova A. A.
Published: January 2023

Today, between 230 and 347 million people on the planet suffer from diabetes, which is approximately 6 % of the all adult population. Diabetic macular edema (DME) can occur at any stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and remains the most common cause of moderate vision loss in patients with DR, due to increased retinal vascular permeability leading to accumulation of extracellular/intracellular fluid and blood plasma components in the neurosensory retina. The use of objective, quantifiable medical signs, called biomarkers, has become more relevant in clinical practice and clinical research. They allow the identification of a normal biological or pathological process, becoming clinical and diagnostic tools in routine clinical practice. Over the past decade, there has been significant progress in the treatment of macular edema, but the search for a more effective method does not stop. Modern research is being carried out in the direction of creating new drugs and increasing the intervals between injections. New molecules target previously studied as well as new targets. The pharmaceuticals used are investigating at higher doses and different delivery methods. Viral vectors and new phototherapeutic agents are currently being tested. This wide range of research studies, with several therapeutics currently in phase 3, could lead to impressive results in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the not too distant future.
Multifunctional Protein Alpha2-Macroglobulin in Tear Fluid and Blood Serum of Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Chesnokova N. B. , Pavlenko T. A. , Beznos O. V. , Petrov S. Yu. , Bessmertny A. M. , Filippova O. M. , Kalinina O. M. , Kotelin V. I.
Published: January 2023

Alpha2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) is a multifunctional glycoprotein. Due to the variety of its functions there can be several ways of its involvement in the pathogenesis of the glaucomatous optic neuropathy, including neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition, neurotoxicity. It is known that α2-MG level in aqueous humor is increased in glaucoma but there is scant information about its concentration in blood and tear fluid.

Purpose. To determine the α2-MG activity in tear fluid and blood serum of glaucoma patients to broaden of understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and to estimate its informativity for the characterization of the disease clinical course.

Methods. Tear fluid was collected from 21 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 17 healthy adults. Activity of α2-MG was measured enzymatically with BAPNA as a substrate.

Results. Activity of α2-MG in tears was 20 times lower than in blood serum. In healthy controls it was 4.66 ± 0.27 nmol / min×ml in tears and 92.35 ± 5.44 nmol / min×ml in blood. Totally in glaucoma patients it was 54 % higher than in controls in tears (р < 0.008), and 35 % higher in blood (р < 0.05). Particularly patients without pseudoexfoliative syndrome showed a significant α2-MG activity increase in tears (2 times) while in serum it was 67 % higher than in controls. In patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma α2-MG activity was not increased in tears nor in blood.

Conclusion. Primary open-angle glaucoma without pseudoexfoliative syndrome cause the increase of α2-MG activity in tears and in blood in contrast with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. This fact indicates that pathogenetic ways of these types of glaucoma are different. The increased α2-MG activity may be the risk factor for the development of glaucoma without pseudoexfoliative syndrome.
From Photophobia to Achromatopsia. How to Establish the Correct Diagnosis
Authors: Shurygina M. F. , Khoteeva A. M. , Mishina I. A. , Pismenskaya V. A.
Published: January 2023

Achromatopsia is a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by decreased or absent cone’s function. Clinical symptoms include photophobia, nystagmus, low best corrected visual acuity, complete or incomplete color vision. Mutations in the CNGA3 and CNGB3 genes are responsible for approximately 70–80 % of all achromatopsia cases. The purpose: to evaluate the results of a comprehensive clinical and genetic examinations of four patients with an established diagnosis of achromatopsia. Onset of the disease in all patients was in the form of severe photophobia and nystagmus, appearing at the age from 1.5 to 11 months. According to optical coherence tomography exams were detected structural changes in neuroepithelium (three patients), varied from subfoveal disorganization of the photoreceptor outer segments with “blurring” of the external limiting membrane line and ellipsoid zone to subfoveal destruction of the photoreceptor outer segments and the presence of a slit defect. Out of seven identified mutations in the CNGA3 and CNGB3 genes, two were previously detected in Russian patients, and five were not detected in the Russian Federation.
Experience with Brolucizumab Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Budzinskaya M. V. , Plyukhova A. A. , Andreeva Yu. S. , Kurguzova A. G. , Budzinskaya K. A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To assess efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal brolucizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in real clinical practice.

Patients and Methods. This study enrolled 21 patients with nAMD (treatment-naïve), including 12 women, 9 men, mean age was 73.5 ± 9.8 years. One patient was excluded from the study after 3 intravitreal injection (IVI) due to the development of the intraocular inflammation (IOI). All patients received 5 IVI of brolucizumab (in total, 100 injections). All patients were determined best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), central macular thickness (CMT), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before IVI, after 1 minute, 30 minutes. Patients were examined before treatment, after 3 and 5 IVI.

Results. The average follow-up period for patients was 31 ± 2.5 weeks, the average interval after 3 loading doses was 8.4 ± 1.2 weeks, the average interval between 4 IVI and 5 IVI was 10.7 ± 1.9 weeks. The BCVA improved significantly after 3 IVI and after 5 IVI of brolucizumab (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant decrease in CMT and PED height (p < 0.001), as well as a resolution of all types of fluid (p < 0.001). All patients showed a significant increase in IOP immediately after injection (1 min) with normalization of IOP after 30 min. One case of IOI was registered 16 weeks after the start of treatment, cured by IVI of dexamethasone implant Ozurdex.

Conclusion. Patients with nAMD (treatment-naïve) who received 5 IVI of brolucizumab demonstrated a significant improvement of morphological and functional parameters. Brolucizumab has shown efficacy in the treatment of nAMD despite a small risk of IOI.
Dynamics of the State of the Eye Fundus of a Patient with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure after Hemodialysis (Clinical Case)
Authors: Golovin A. S. , Belikova E. I.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To analyze a clinical case on the study of the dynamics of the state of the fundus of a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and end-stage chronic renal failure (CRF) on the background of hemodialysis (HD).

Patient and methods. A clinical case of the study of the state of the organ of vision against the background of HD in patient S., 36 years old, is presented. Hemodialysis was performed for 4 months using the Artis Surdial-55 device (Nipro, Japan) for 3.5–4 hours with a blood flow rate of 250 ml/min and a dialysis solution flow rate of 500 ml/min. The severity of PDR was assessed using standard methods based on ultrasound (Opticon 2000, Italy), photographic recording of the state of the eye fundus (Carl Zeiss Visucam 500, Germany) and OCT of the macular region (on an RTVue-100 tomograph, OptoVue, USA).

Results and conclusion. Studies before and after a course of HD indicate no changes in the fundus, which is confirmed by the data of an objective examination.
State of the Retina and Visual Functions before and after Pancreatic Transplantation (Clinical Case)
Authors: Bulava E. V. , Vorobyeva I. V. , Pinchuk A. V.
Published: January 2023

In this report, we reflected a clinical case of the course of the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy in a patient suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and end-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN) before and after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. As a result of successful surgical treatment of DM and DN was achieved physiological normoglycemia (change in fasting blood glucose from 11 to 5.1 mmol/l, glycated hemoglobin level from 9.2 to 5.7 %) and relief of uremic syndrome (change in serum creatinine from 632 to 77,5 µmol/l, urea from 13 to 6 mmol/l, glomerular filtration rate from 7.1 to 83.5 ml/min/1.73 m2). By the end of the first year of the post-transplantation period according to ophthalmoscopy data on the fundus no regression of the initial and addition of new diabetic changes was recorded and according to special instrumental methods of research was recorded a partial improvement hemoperfusion in superficial (an increase in the whole perfusion density: OD — from 24 to 35 %; OS — from 23 to 33 %) and deep (increase in the whole perfusion density: OD — from 5 to 13 %; OS — from 4 to 6 %) capillary plexus, a decrease in the central thickness of the retina (OD — from 269 to 257 µm; OS — from 271 to 253 µm) with resorption of intraretinal fluid in the right eye, improvement of the visual acuity (OD — from 0.5 to 0.7; OS — 0.6 to 0.7) and light sensitivity (macula light sensitivity threshold: OD — from 16.5 to 21.8 dB; OS — from 22.1 to 25.4 dB) of both eyes.
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE TUVAN REVOLUTIONARY YOUTH UNION
Authors:   Тувинский государственный университет, З. Ю. Доржу , А. В. Седен ,   Тувинский государственный университет
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с историей образования и деятельности революционного союза молодежи Тувы (ТРСМ). Рассматриваемый период охватывает 1921‒1944 гг. — годы независимого государства Тувинской Народной Республики (ТНР). Тувинский народ поднялся против своих вековых угнетателей и при помощи русского народа совершил в 1921 г. Национально-освободительную революцию, что стало началом новой свободной жизни. Тува ориентировалась на советскую модель развития, зарождение и становление государственных и общественно-политических институтов происходили под идейно-политическим влиянием ЦК ВКП(б) и Коммунистического Интернационала. Рассмотрены проблемы молодежи и пути их разрешения через организацию и основные направления деятельности тувинского революционного союза молодежи, чтобы активно включать молодежь в жизнь общества. Деятельность Тувинской народно-революционной партии (ТНРП) была направлена на то, чтобы поднять уровень развития молодежи, ее образованность, уровень сознания и ее ценности, социальной активности для ускоренного выхода Тувы из тяжелейшего положения. Авторы заключают, что оттого, насколько широко молодежь включена во все сферы жизни общества, насколько активно она участвует в ней, зависят темпы развития и молодежи и общества в целом.
POWER STRUCTURES AND THE ECONOMY OF BURYATIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940s ‒ 1950s
Authors:   Бурятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. В. Р. Филиппова, Е. Т. Протасов
Published: January 2023

В исследовании отражен один из сложных периодов развития государственных органов власти и управления Союза ССР и БМАССР. Послевоенное восстановление народного хозяйства, принятие и последующая реализация повышенных рубежей экономического и социального развития в ходе второй волны индустриализации, подъем сельского хозяйства, повышение уровня жизни людей воспринимались как результаты активной работы органов власти и управления республики. В условиях сложившейся модели управления в результате ускоренной индустриализации в основном экстенсивными методами осуществились глубокие сдвиги в структуре производства, преобразования работы промышленности в отраслевом разрезе. Управленческие факторы сопровождались трудностями организационного порядка. Вместе с тем в конце 1950-х гг. управление промышленностью встало перед необходимостью кардинальных преобразований. Изменения происходили и в кадровой сфере с учетом требований времени, последовательно повышался профессиональный уровень руководителей различных уровней.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF HEALTH CARE AND MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE NEW TOWNS OF TRANSBAIKALIA (1950‒1980s)
Authors:   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова, Ж. Ж. Цырендашиев
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования медицинских учреждений новых городских поселений Забайкалья в 1950–1980-е гг. По утверждению автора, в связи с повышенным вниманием государства к социальным вопросам происходит постепенный переход медицинских учреждений из ведомственного подчинения в территориальную сеть Министерства здравоохранения РСФСР. Рас-смотрены истоки многих проблем материально-технического обеспечения и комплектования кадров учреждений здравоохранения. Несмотря на развертывание сети новых медицинских учреждений, мощности больниц и поликлиник хронически от-ставали от потребностей населения. Качество медицинского обслуживания оставалось низким из-за нехватки медперсонала, нагрузка которых была выше положенных ставок. Дефицит кадров отчасти компенсировался повышением квалификации и переквалификацией медицинских работников в республиканских, областных и союзных центрах. Сложившаяся ситуация объяснялась приоритетом промышленного строительства, остаточным характером финансирования сферы здравоохранения, высокой загруженностью застройщиков медицинских учреждений, отсутствием шефской помощи и пр. На основе архивных данных выявлена структура заболеваемости населения городов-новостроек, которая, по утверждению автора, строилась в зависимости от специализации поселения. Отмечается, что на уровень заболеваемости влияло не только соблюдение норм технической безопасности и методов работы предприятий, но и общее состояние благоустройства городов. Подчеркивается улучшение диагностической и профилактической работы медицинских учреждений, позволившей снизить уровень «профессиональных» заболеваний. Кроме того, недостатки в организации системы здравоохранения компенсировались энтузиазмом, инициативностью и самоотверженным трудом медицинских работников.