bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential “Brain-Cognition-Behavior” Relationship in Children With ADHD Based on Resting-State Brain Local Activation and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Feng Yuan , Zhu Yu , Guo Xiaojie , Luo Xiangsheng , Dang Chen , Liu Qianrong , Xu Chenyang , Kang Simin , Yin Gaohan , Liang Taizhu , Wang Yufeng , Liu Lu , Sun Li
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Exploring how abnormal brain function in children with ADHD affects executive function and ultimately leads to behavioral impairment provides a theoretical basis for clinically targeted neurotherapy and cognitive training.

Method:

Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and seed-based FC were analyzed in 53 ADHD and 52 healthy controls. The “brain-cognition-behavior” relationship was further explored using mediation analysis.

Results:

ADHD showed abnormal local activation in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), inferior occipital gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and reduced FC between the IFG and the cerebellum. ADHD diagnosis may affect ALFF of MTG and further modulate shift and finally affect inattentive symptoms. It may also affect the total symptoms through the FC of the IFG with the cerebellum.

Conclusion:

ADHD showed extensive spontaneous activity abnormalities and frontal-cerebellar FC impairments. Localized functional abnormalities in the MTG may affect the shift in EF, resulting in attention deficit behavior.
Executive Functioning as a Predictor of Adverse Driving Outcomes in Teen Drivers With ADHD
Authors: Lynch James D. , Tamm Leanne , Garner Annie A. , Avion Amina A. , Fisher Donald L. , Kiefer Adam W. , Peugh James , Simon John O. , Epstein Jeffery N.
Published: September 2023

Objective:

The present study examined the association between executive functioning (EF) and risky driving behaviors in teens with ADHD.

Method:

Teens diagnosed with ADHD ( n = 179; Mage = 17.4 years) completed two 15-min drives in a fixed-base driving simulator. EF was assessed using parent- and self-report Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-2), a temporal reproduction task, and a Go/No-Go task (GNG). Driving outcomes included known predictors of crashes: count of long (>2 s) off-road glances, standard deviation (SD) of lane position (SDLP), mean speed, and SD speed. Generalized linear mixed models, controlling for intelligence and driving experience, were conducted.

Results:

Higher rates of GNG commission errors predicted higher rates of long off-road glances. Lower parent-rated EF and increased rates of GNG omission errors predicted SDLP. Higher rates of GNG commission errors also predicted faster average driving speed.

Conclusion:

Heterogeneity in EF is associated with differences in teen ADHD risky driving behaviors.
Indigenous knowledge for social cohesion, ecological and community well-being, and climate resilience: reviving Indigenous salt crafting in Vusama, Fiji
Authors: Dean Mohseen Riaz Ud
Published: September 2023

Indigenous knowledge systems play pivotal roles in the lives of Indigenous communities. This study utilises ethnographic methods of talanoa (Pacific method of informal dialogue), memory reconstruction with village elders, household surveys, focused group discussions, and participant observation to draw on the unique and unexplored traditional salt-crafting knowledge and cultural assets such as the māqa (the site holding historical and cultural significance for salt crafting), matoji (well), mahima (salt), dōgō (mangrove) used in the salt-crafting process by the Indigenous community of the Vusama Village, Nadroga-Navosa Province, Viti Levu, Fiji. The study endeavours to examine how such Indigenous knowledge systems and cultural assets can help increase social cohesion, empower women, youth, and children, and stimulate societal responsibility for ecological and community well-being, including the role they can play for informing interventions that can contribute towards environment sustainability and climate resilience for Indigenous communities such as Vusama.
The interplay between corrective feedback timing and foreign language anxiety in L2 development
Authors: Rassaei Ehsan
Published: September 2023

Recent research indicated the effectiveness of immediate and delayed corrective feedback (CF) on second language (L2) learning. What is little known is the moderating effects of learner individual factors such as foreign language anxiety (FLA) on the efficacy of immediate and delayed CF. The primary aim of the present study is thus to investigate if learners’ FLA can moderate the effectiveness of immediate and delayed feedback. To this end, 82 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions as well as a control group. During three treatment sessions, the participants performed storytelling tasks in groups of four and received either immediate or delayed metalinguistic feedback for the errors they made. Regarding the immediate feedback condition, each participant received metalinguistic feedback immediately following an error while doing the storytelling task. For the delayed feedback condition, metalinguistic feedback was offered for each error at the end of each storytelling task. Two testing instruments, a writing task and an error correction test were used as pretest, posttest and delayed posttest to measure learners’ development as a result of the treatment sessions. Without considering learners’ FLA, the findings revealed that immediate and delayed CF are equally effective to promote L2 development. However, when taking into consideration learners’ FLA through regression analysis, the results revealed that immediate CF was more beneficial for learners with low FLA compared to high anxiety learners, but no significant associations were found between FLA and delayed CF efficacy.
How consumer-initiated platforms shape family and consumption
Authors: Ottlewski Lydia , Rokka Joonas , Schouten John W.
Published: September 2023

Research has recently highlighted processes of platformization through which consumer activities are shaped by socio-technical features of digital environments. Prior theorizations have focused on corporate-initiated platform dynamics and affordances, emphasizing either the managerial facets of platformization or how consumers use and interact with these platforms. Our interpretive research on Familyship.org offers a contrasting case and theorizes how ordinary consumers, thwarted by social and legal constraints in their desires to create families, leverage platformization for family creation and consumption. Our findings conceptualize consumer-initiated platforms and show how their key affordances— embeddedness, privacy, modularization, and scaling—shape one of the most sacred spheres of life, the institution of family. Our study contributes by theorizing how consumer-initiated platform affordances differ from dominant corporate-initiated ones and why the differences matter. We discuss how they can help consumers to find solutions to acute consumption problems and to reimagine dominant cultural institutions.
Church advertising and the marketization of religious hegemony
Authors: Appau Samuelson , Yang Ye (Nicole)
Published: September 2023

This paper contributes to the research on the symbiotic relationship between religion and the market by examining the nature and implications of the marketization of religion in a contemporary Christendom in which religion and the market are hegemonic. Based on our analysis of 3741 church advertisements in Ghana over a 6-year period, we conceptualize three symbiotic relationships that coexist between the market and religion—commensalism, mutualism, and competition. We argue that these symbiotic relationships mirror how religion hegemonizes popular imagination and members’ consumption through marketization in contemporary Christendom. This study extends our understanding of the dialectical relationship between religion and the market by showing that religion can use marketization to perpetuate its hegemony within and beyond the market.
Usability and Acceptability of Social Robot Pets Among Community-Dwelling Veterans Living With Dementia and Their Caregivers
Authors: Harris-Gersten Melissa L. , Davagnino Judith M. , Alcorn Edwin R. , Hastings S. Nicole
Published: September 2023

Social robot pets promote engagement and psychosocial well-being among older adults, yet little is known about their use among community-dwelling Veterans living with dementia. This programmatic evaluation used a within subjects, pre-post design to examine the usability (frequency of use, frequency of caregiver reminders) and acceptability (benefit, satisfaction) of social robot pets among Veterans with dementia (N = 20). An intervention usability and acceptability tool was completed by telephone with family caregivers 3 months after delivery of the pet to the home. Overall, 80% of Veterans used the pet often or daily, while 7 caregivers provided reminders for the Veteran to use the pet. Caregivers indicated that Veterans experienced benefit with the pet, as well themselves. Regarding satisfaction, 89% reported they would recommend a social robot pet to others. Research is needed to expand generalizability, evaluate effects on outcomes, and enhance implementation of social robot pets among Veteran families with dementia.
FUS regulates the alternative splicing of cell proliferation genes related to atherosclerosis
Authors: Hou Jianjun , Yang Shaobing , Guo Ying , Yan Ning , Jia Shaobin
Published: September 2023

FUS plays a significant role as an RNA-binding protein in several cellular processes, including RNA splicing, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. However, the RNA-binding capacity of FUS in atherosclerosis is unclear. We aimed to study the functions of FUS in inflammatory regulation through the role of the splicing factor. We knocked down FUS with siRNA to further study the overall transcriptional level and select alternative splicing (AS) of FUS regulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by RNA sequencing. The results suggested that the knockdown of FUS significantly affected gene expression in HUVECs. In addition, the knockdown of FUS resulted in 200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were highly related to apoptotic process, signal transduction, multicellular organism development, cell adhesion and regulation of transcription, and DNA-templated pathways. Importantly, FUS extensively regulated 2870 AS events with a significant difference. Functional analysis of its modulated AS genes revealed they were highly enriched in cell cycle and cell population proliferation pathways. The qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data showed consistent results. Our findings suggested new knowledge of the mechanisms of FUS associated with atherosclerosis.
Local Economic Segregation and Opinions about Income Integration in Schools
Authors: Bischoff Kendra , Sandusky Emily
Published: September 2023

Income-segregated contexts may limit residents’ exposure to income inequality, suppressing concerns about economic disparity and support for economic integration. In this article, we assess the relationship between residential income segregation and attitudes about the importance of income integration in schools to understand the link between local economic conditions and individuals’ attitudes about social equity. We test this relationship by measuring residential income segregation at two geographic scales—meso-level institutional segregation between school districts and micro-level neighborhood segregation between census tracts. We find a negative relationship between school district income segregation in individuals’ residential counties and beliefs about the importance of income integration in schools, but no relationship between more fine-grained neighborhood income segregation and these same beliefs. The results suggest that the degree to which residents problematize income-segregated school contexts is associated with the relative income homogeneity of the school districts where they live, which represent the salient political boundary for the administration of educational services. These findings contribute to broader knowledge about the varied pathways and spatial scales through which segregated environments may shape beliefs about social and economic inequality.
Stitching Together My Anishinaabe Research Paradigm: An Approach to Storytelling With Algonquin Ikwewag (Women) and Gender-Diverse People in Mattawa and North Bay, Ontario
Authors: Patterson Kaitlyn , Labreche Karen , Morcom Lindsay , St. Amant Deborah
Published: September 2023

This article reviews an Anishinaabe research paradigm that structures a storytelling project with Algonquin Anishinaabekwewag and gender-diverse people from the Mattawa and North Bay area in Ontario, Canada. This Anishinaabe research paradigm contains an ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology that are informed by Anishinaabe worldviews and values, participants’ stories, as well as the knowledges and experiences the first author brings to the project as a mixed-ancestry Algonquin Anishinaabekwe. With a ribbon skirt framework of data analysis, analytical approaches from multiple knowledge systems are stitched together to form complex and cohesive stories. The methodology is guided by principles of ownership, control, access, and possession, the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans (Chapter 9), as well as Anishinaabe relational accountability which honours relationships with all of Creation. Axiology is further informed by Mino-Bimaadiziwin and Anishinaabe Original Instructions, and is expressed through Anishinaabe jiimaan (canoe) teachings and values of respect, relevance, reciprocity, responsibility, and reverence. Making space for Anishinaabe research paradigms that prioritize Anishinaabe ways of knowing and living is a powerful way to decolonize the research process and affirm the continuity of Anishinaabe lifeways.
Training Indigenous Community Researchers for Community-Based Participatory Ethnographic Dementia Research: A Second-Generation Model
Authors: Blind Melissa , Jacklin Kristen , Pitawanakwat Karen , Ketcher Dana , Lambrou Nickolas , Warry Wayne
Published: September 2023

Conducting community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a complex endeavor, particularly when training non-academic community members. Though examples of CBPR training programs and protocols have been published, they often address a limited set of concepts and are tailored for university or medical school students. Here, we describe the process of developing an online CBPR training program for American Indian (United States) and Indigenous (Canada) community members to conduct multi-sited ethnographic dementia research. This program is unique in its breadth and depth, as our program covers CBPR theory, methods, practical research, and administrative skills. Significantly, this program centers Indigenous methodology, pedagogy, and processes such as two-eyed seeing, storywork, and decolonization approaches. Key to this training program is a “second-generation” approach which incorporates experiential knowledge from a prior community-based researcher and academic partners and is designed to develop CBPR capacity among community-based researchers and partnering communities. In this paper, we detail the experience of the first cohort of learners and subsequent improvement of the training materials. Unique challenges related to the specific research focus (dementia), population/setting (American Indian/First Nations communities), and technology (rural digital infrastructure) are also discussed.
The advantages and disadvantages of different implementations of shared leadership in organizations: A qualitative study
Authors: Edelmann Charlotte M , Boen Filip , Stouten Jeroen , Broek Gert Vande , Fransen Katrien
Published: September 2023

The leadership literature has mainly considered shared leadership as a unified concept, overlooking the fact that it comes in many forms. However, the shift to shared leadership may not always yield favorable outcomes (Mumford et al., 2012). Knowing the benefits and challenges of different shared leadership implementations is crucial as it can either strengthen or undermine the overall effectiveness of shared leadership. To gain insights into the perceived (dis)advantages associated with different implementations of shared leadership, 35 qualitative interviews were conducted with employees across diverse organizational contexts. Participants were prompted to envision different shared leadership formats and to evaluate these hypothetical formats by articulating their potential (dis)advantages: (1) formally appointing peer leaders versus informal leadership (providing insights on the role of jealousy experienced by the formal leader and the ideal selection method of peer leaders); (2) having one peer leader versus several peer leaders take on leadership; and (3) having one versus multiple peer leaders for a leadership role. A thematic analysis revealed several benefits and challenges of each implementation, providing a more balanced view of this leadership model. Based on these findings, we formulate four suggestions to address potential challenges of implementing shared leadership; (1) to involve the formal leader in all stages of implementation, (2) to adopt a transparent selection process for peer leaders, (3) to provide clear role definitions for role clarity, and (4) to have leadership (roles) fulfilled by multiple peer leaders to reduce reliance on a single leader.
Pain and aging: A unique challenge in neuroinflammation and behavior
Authors: Singh Shishu Pal , Guindon Josee , Mody Prapti H , Ashworth Gabriela , Kopel Jonathan , Chilakapati Sai , Adogwa Owoicho , Neugebauer Volker , Burton Michael D
Published: September 2023

Chronic pain is one of the most common, costly, and potentially debilitating health issues facing older adults, with attributable costs exceeding $600 billion annually. The prevalence of pain in humans increases with advancing age. Yet, the contributions of sex differences, age-related chronic inflammation, and changes in neuroplasticity to the overall experience of pain are less clear, given that opposing processes in aging interact. This review article examines and summarizes pre-clinical research and clinical data on chronic pain among older adults to identify knowledge gaps and provide the base for future research and clinical practice. We provide evidence to suggest that neurodegenerative conditions engender a loss of neural plasticity involved in pain response, whereas low-grade inflammation in aging increases CNS sensitization but decreases PNS sensitivity. Insights from preclinical studies are needed to answer mechanistic questions. However, the selection of appropriate aging models presents a challenge that has resulted in conflicting data regarding pain processing and behavioral outcomes that are difficult to translate to humans.
Researchers’ responsibilities in resource-constrained settings: experiences of implementing an ancillary care policy in a vaccine trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Lemey Gwen , Zola Trésor , Larivière Ynke , Milolo Solange , Danoff Engbu , Bakonga Lazarre , Esanga Emmanuel , Vermeiren Peter , Maketa Vivi , Matangila Junior , Mitashi Patrick , Van Damme Pierre , Van geertruyden Jean-Pierre , Ravinetto Raffaella , Muhindo-Mavoko Hypolite
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we discuss challenges associated with implementing a policy for Ancillary Care (AC) for related and unrelated (serious) adverse events during an Ebola vaccine trial conducted in a remote area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Conducting clinical trials in resourceconstrained settings can raise context-related challenges that have implications for study participants’ health and wellbeing. During the Ebola vaccine study, three participants were injured in road traffic accidents, but there were unexpected difficulties when trying to apply the AC policy. First, because of the nature of the adverse events, the insurer refused to cover the costs. Second, the AC policy did not address treatments by traditional medicine, even though traditional medicines are frequently used and highly trusted in the study community. This highlighted a contrast between the researchers’ well-intentioned AC approach and the participants’ legitimate preferences. The way in which researchers should address their responsibility to provide AC is not straightforward; it requires contextualization. Our experience highlights the importance of involving community representatives and the local ethics committee to ensure development of an AC policy that is culturally and ethically appropriate. Additionally, the insurance contract should clearly stipulate which adverse events are linked to the trial participation, and thus eligible for coverage, to avoid controversies when claims are made.
Moral sight and ethical praxis in the prison classroom
Authors: Little Ross
Published: September 2023

The deployment of moral sight (a sensitivity towards the humanity of all people) and ethical praxis (taking account of important matters for learners) enhanced learners’ sense of dignity in a prison classroom comprising university students and men serving long prison sentences. This in turn enhanced the trustworthiness of the space, helped learners benefit from interaction and prevented moral blindness among prison educators. Three domains of ethical praxis for enhancing moral sight among educators are discussed: person-centred praxis; situational praxis; and pedagogical praxis. The article grounds the discussion using empirical data from participant reflections to uncover what mattered to them in creating a trustworthy learning space. Recognising the human dignity of learners, and engaging in practices that enhance this dignity and protect associated rights, was important for both groups of students. Deploying ethical praxis enabled participants to feel ‘seen’ in the classroom, in turn enhancing their sense of belonging and comfort in the space. For the prison-based students, having their contributions heard, recognised and valued was a rare experience in the context of serving a life sentence. For university students, the space provided a new and refreshing pedagogical experience, away from the institutionalised logics and constraints of the contemporary university. Relatedly, teacher-facilitators involved reported this to be their most enjoyable higher education teaching experience. There are wider implications for how higher education institutions ‘see’ the people they work with. The article argues for prioritising the human activity of learning over the institutionalisation of education processes, to create more trustworthy learning spaces.
Is pronator quadratus muscle repair required after anterior plate fixation for distal radial fractures? A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Lamas Claudia , Arenas Javier , Almenara Marta , Rojas Roger , Fa-Binefa Manel , Toro-Aguilera Alvaro
Published: September 2023

In this prospective, randomized comparative study in patients with distal radial fractures, we aimed to determine whether surgical repair of the superficial head after anterior locking plate fixation of the radius improves clinical or functional outcomes or both, and distal radioulnar joint stability. One hundred patients were randomized to undergo distal radial fixation with or without repair of the superficial head. Twenty-one patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a final sample of 79 patients. No differences were observed between the groups in functional scores or complication after operation. Surgical repair of the superficial head of the pronator quadratus muscle after osteosynthesis with an anterior locking plate for distal radial fractures does not appear to substantially contribute to preserving distal radioulnar joint stability or improving the consolidation process.

Level of evidence: II
Functional outcomes are restored a decade after a distal radius fracture: a prospective long-term follow-up study
Authors: Schmidt Viktor , Gordon Max , Petterson Anna , Buttazzoni Christian , Seimersson Amelia , Sayed-Noor Arkan , Mukka Sebastian , Wadsten Mats
Published: September 2023

We performed an 11–13-year prospective follow-up of patients after a distal radial fracture (DRF) to investigate the association between fracture malunion, radiocarpal osteoarthritis and clinical outcome. In total, 292 patients responded to patient-reported outcome measures; of them, 242 underwent clinical examination. Clinical outcomes improved with time. A decade after fracture, median Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score was 5, EuroQol Five-dimensions score was 1.0, and range of motion and grip strength were 96% of the contralateral side. Neither osteoarthritis (6%) nor pseudoarthrosis of the ulnar styloid (30%) affected the outcomes. Dorsal tilt, radial inclination, ulnar variance and intra-articular extension did not affect long-term clinical outcomes or the risk of osteoarthritis. Recovery after a DRF is an ongoing process that lasts years. A decade after the injury event, range of motion, grip strength and QuickDASH were recovered to population normal, regardless of radiological outcomes.

Level of evidence: II
Learning curves in Motec total wrist arthroplasty: an international cohort study
Authors: Brown Daniel J. , Redfern James A. I. , Silver Natan , Estfan Rami , Farnebo Simon , McGuire Duncan , Solomons Michael , Thomas Thorvaldson K.
Published: September 2023

We examined the learning curve of Motec total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) of six experienced surgeons in their first 30 cases. Three times more complications/revisions were encountered in the first half of the study compared with the second half. Motec TWA surgery should be concentrated in a smaller number of centres performing higher volumes.
Complication rates and modes of short and medium-term failure in Motec total wrist arthroplasty: an international cohort study
Authors: Redfern James A. I. , Mehta Nisarg , Farnebo Simon , McGuire Duncan , Solomons Michael , Thomas Thorvaldson K. , Estfan Rami , Brown Daniel J.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to analyse the short- and medium-term complications of the Motec total wrist arthroplasty (TWA). Identifying exact modes of failure and their causes should allow surgeons to avoid or mitigate these risks in the future. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from six hand surgeons at five international centres provided details of 171 Motec TWAs. The mean follow-up was 5.8 years (range 18 months to 12 years). There were 33 (19%) complications within our cohort, with a revision rate of 8.2% (14 revisions). There was no difference in complication rates between metal-on-metal and metal-on-polymer articulations. Failure of osseointegration was the most common complication. Problems with soft tissue balancing, implant impingement related osteolysis, bony impingement and metacarpal fracture were found to be other preventable causes of failure in this series. Elimination of these preventable complications will improve survival rates for this implant.

Level of evidence: IV
Interrater reliability of face-to-face, tele- and video-based assessments with the modified Mallet classification in brachial plexus birth injuries
Authors: Delioğlu Kıvanç , Unes Sefa , Tuncdemir Merve , Ozal Cemil , Bıyık Kubra Seyhan , Uzumcugil Akin
Published: September 2023

The modified Mallet classification is widely used to measure motor function in brachial plexus birth injuries. The aim of the study was to investigate agreement and reliability of this classification under three different evaluation conditions: face-to-face; live tele-assessment; and delayed video-based assessment. A total of 100 children aged 4–15 years were included. Children were assessed by two raters except for live tele-assessment, which was performed by four raters. Agreement between the three different assessment conditions for the same rater were between strong and excellent for both raters 1 and 2. The interrater reliability for raters 1 and 2 under different assessment conditions was strong to excellent. Interrater reliability among the four raters was moderate to strong in tele-assessment. The modified Mallet classification may have appropriate reliability to be used in remote medical follow-up.

Level of evidence: III
Returning to Hedley Bull: Necessity as an approach for defining primary institutions
Authors: Basu-Mellish Jack
Published: September 2023

This article critiques and builds upon existing notions of primary institutions within the English School, arguing for a return to Bullian notions of “necessity”—namely the minimum institutional requirements for international order—when defining the primary institutions of international society. By using notions of necessity this work seeks to develop a functional typology for primary institutions that is capable of accommodating variation and change across different historical and regional contexts. It also seeks to provide a similar functional framework for an English School understanding of domestic society and the state. This development of English School thinking aims to highlight the interrelated nature of domestic and international norms and practices, as well as highlighting the role of domestic norms in shaping the outlook of international relations practitioners.
Does unenhanced computerized tomography as imaging standard post-retrograde intrarenal surgery paradoxically reduce stone-free rate and increase additional treatment for residual fragments? Outcomes from 5395 patients in the FLEXOR study by the TOWER group
Authors: Gauhar Vineet , Castellani Daniele , Chew Ben Hall , Smith Daron , Chai Chu Ann , Fong Khi Yung , Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , Traxer Olivier , Somani Bhaskar Kumar , Tailly Thomas
Published: September 2023

Background:

Assessment of residual fragments (RFs) is a key step after treatment of kidney stones.

Objective:

To evaluate differences in RFs estimation based on unenhanced computerized tomography (CT) versus X-rays/ultrasound after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones.

Design:

A retrospective analysis of data from 20 centers of adult patients who had RIRS was done (January 2018–August 2021).

Methods:

Exclusion criteria: ureteric stones, anomalous kidneys, bilateral renal stones. Patients were divided into two groups (group 1: CT; group 2: plain X-rays or combination of X-rays/ultrasound within 3 months after RIRS). Clinically significant RFs (CSRFs) were considered RFs ⩾ 4 mm. One-to-one propensity score matching for age, gender, and stone characteristics was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent predictors of CSRFs.

Results:

A total of 5395 patients were included (1748 in group 1; 3647 in group 2). After matching, 608 patients from each group with comparable baseline and stone characteristics were included. CSRFs were diagnosed in 1132 patients in the overall cohort (21.0%). Post-operative CT reported a significantly higher number of patients with RFs ⩾ 4 mm, before (35.7% versus 13.9%, p < 0.001) and after matching (43.1% versus 23.9%, p < 0.001). Only 21.8% of patients in the matched cohort had an ancillary procedure post-RIRS which was significantly higher in group 1 (74.8% versus 47.6%, p < 0.001). Age [OR 1.015 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.009–1.020, p < 0.001], stone size (OR 1.028 95% CI 1.017–1.040, p < 0.001), multiple stones (OR 1.171 95% CI 1.025–1.339, p = 0.021), lower pole stone (OR 1.853 95% CI 1.557–2.204, p < 0.001) and the use of post-operative CT scan (OR 5.9883 95% CI 5.094–7.037, p < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of having CSRFs.

Conclusions:

CT is the only reliable imaging to assess the burden of RFs following RIRS and urologist should consider at least one CT scan to determine the same and definitely plan reintervention only based on CT rather than ultrasound and X-ray combination.
Experiences of Using Mental Health Apps to Support Psychological Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Simmons Natalie , Goodings Lewis , Tucker Ian
Published: September 2023

Mental health apps (MHApps) present a significant change to the field of mental health and represent a major shift in the way people manage and understand their mental health. MHApps are a new strand of apps available on a smartphone or tablet to support people with their psychological health and wellbeing. In these apps, users can record their mood, self-esteem, or other psychological factors via the app and then take part in psychological exercises to help positively impact their data. The data are stored in the app and presented in visual and textual form—acting as an indicator of current mental health. The current article takes a socio-materialist perspective and aims to provide insights into the context and experience of using MHApps. Drawing on qualitative semi-structured interview data with nine active users, this article identifies the following: (1) how MHApps provide a space for releasing distress “in the present,” in a way that is distinct from the punctuated nature of formal mental health provision; (2) how MHApps use “streaks” and other social media functions to incentivize attention to one’s mental health; and (3) how the collective presentation of data in MHApps affords a personal impression of the present, which provides an opportunity to take stock of the current status of one’s mental health. This article provides valuable insight regarding people’s experiences of using MHApps, which is important given the continued expansion of the field of apps and provides knowledge that can potentially feed into clinical practice and future app design.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Interventions in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rodríguez-Longobardo Celia , López-Torres Olga , Guadalupe-Grau Amelia , Gómez-Ruano Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2023

Context:

Athletes are almost 3 times more at risk of experiencing urinary incontinence (UI) than sedentary women, with prevalence rates varying from 10.9% in low-impact sports such as cycling to 80% when engaging in high-impact sports such as trampoline gymnastics. To treat UI, pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training (PFMT) is recommended as a first line of treatment.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of the available literature on the efficacy of PFMT interventions in young, nulliparous female athletes.

Data Sources:

A literature research was conducted using PubMed, Sport Discus, and Web of Science.

Study Selection:

The inclusion criteria were studies with PFMT intervention in female athletes or recreationally active women. Interventions could be carried out for treatment or prevention of pelvic floor dysfunctions.

Study Design:

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Data Extraction:

A descriptive analysis of the articles included in the systematic review was carried out. Meta-analyses could be performed on 6 of the included articles, evaluating the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the PFMs, the amount of urinary leakage (AUL), and the vaginal resting pressure (VRP). Random-effects model and standardized mean differences (SMD) ± 95% CI were reported.

Results:

The meta-analysis showed that PFMT produced a significant increase in MVC (SMD, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.11 to 1.08; P = 0.02) and a significant reduction of AUL (SMD, -1.13; 95% CI, -1.84 to -0.41; P < 0.01) in female athletes. No effects were shown in VRP (SMD, -0.05; 95% CI, -1.27 to 1.17; P = 0.93).

Conclusion:

PFMT is shown to be effective in increasing PFM strength and reducing urine leakage in female athletes, being a powerful tool to prevent and treat pelvic floor dysfunction in this population.
The Societal Determinants of Happiness and Unhappiness: Evidence From 152 Countries Over 15 Years
Authors: Araki Satoshi
Published: September 2023

What makes people (un)happy? From the macro viewpoint, this study investigates the societal determinants of average life satisfaction (LS), the percentage of thriving/suffering people, and positive/negative affect collectively experienced in a society. Using the aggregate-level panel data for 152 economies over 15 years, country-fixed effects regressions reveal (1) the marginal effect of economic growth is likely to be smaller in affluent countries; (2) generosity predicts higher LS and positive affect heterogeneously across macroeconomic standards; (3) social support is substantially linked to both happiness and unhappiness worldwide; (4) freedom of choice predicts the lower risk of suffering and the higher chances of thriving and positive affect, especially in advanced economies; (5) longer healthy life expectancy is associated with the higher frequency of encountering negative affect; and (6) corruption negatively predicts happiness, particularly in the richest country group. These findings advance the socioeconomics of (un)happiness and relevant policy toward human flourishing.
Antipsychotics and structural brain changes: could treatment adherence explain the discrepant findings?
Authors: Emsley Robin
Published: September 2023

Progressive structural brain changes are well documented in schizophrenia and have been linked to both illness progression and the extent of antipsychotic treatment exposure. Literature reporting longitudinal changes in brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia is selectively reviewed to assess the roles of illness, antipsychotic treatment, adherence and other factors in the genesis of these changes. This narrative review considers literature investigating longitudinal changes in brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia. The review focusses on structural changes in the cortex, basal ganglia and white matter. It also examines effects of medication non-adherence and relapse on the clinical course of the illness and on structural brain changes. Studies investigating structural magnetic resonance imaging changes in patients treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics are reviewed. Temporal changes in brain structure in schizophrenia can be divided into those that are associated with antipsychotic treatment and those that are not. Changes associated with treatment include increases in basal ganglia and white matter volumes. Relapse episodes may be a critical factor in illness progression and brain volume reductions. Medication adherence may be an important factor that could explain the findings that brain volume reductions are associated with poor treatment response, higher intensity of antipsychotic treatment exposure and more time spent in relapse. Improved adherence via long-acting injectable antipsychotics and adherence focussed psychosocial interventions could maximize protective effects of antipsychotics against illness progression.
Determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women in public hospitals of Guji, West Guji, and Borana zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Solomon Demelash , Morka Geroma , Wayessa Zelalem Jabessa
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy sufficiently enough to produce weight loss greater than 5%, dehydration, ketosis, alkalosis, and hypokalemia. Several studies have investigated risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum in Ethiopia, but the studies have reported conflicting results attributed to study design, lack of proper sample size, and the selection of variables. This study aimed to assess the determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum among pregnant women in public hospitals of Guji, West Guji, and Borana zones, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods:

An institutional-based case–control study design was conducted from April 15 to June 15, 2022 with a ratio of 1:2 (103 cases and 206 controls). Cases were all pregnant women admitted with a diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum by a clinician while controls were pregnant women who were visiting antenatal care services at the same time. Cases were selected consecutively until the required sample size is attained, while controls were selected by a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with face-to-face interviews. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into EpiData version 3.1, and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Frequency distribution for categorical variables, median, and interquartile range for continuous variables was computed. Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were done. A significant association was declared with a 95% confidence interval at a p value less than 0.05.

Results:

Those mothers who had antenatal follow-up (adjusted odds ratio = 0.082, 95% confidence interval: 0.037–0.180), pregnancy with multiple gestations (adjusted odds ratio = 3.557, 95% confidence interval: 1.387–9.126), previous history of hyperemesis gravidarum (adjusted odds ratio = 6.66, 95% confidence interval: 2.57–17.26), family history of hyperemesis gravidarum (adjusted odds ratio = 2.067, 95% confidence interval: 1.067–4.015), and those women had exercised before pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 0.352, 95% confidence interval: 0.194–0.639) were determinants of hyperemesis gravidarum.

Conclusion:

Antenatal follow-up, number of the fetus, previous and family history of hyperemesis gravidarum, and exercise before pregnancy were significantly associated with outcome. Lifestyle modification, early treatment, and early ultrasound scans for pregnant women are crucial to reducing the burden of hyperemesis gravidarum.
#Dubailiving and Digital Placemaking on TikTok: Migrant, Domestic, and Service Workers’ Affective Social Mediascapes
Authors: Hurley Zoe
Published: September 2023

While Dubai, the small emirate in the United Arab Emirates, tends to be associated with luxurious social media images of elite social actors, startling architecture, and consumer status symbols, this study addresses migrant, domestic, and service workers’ everyday digital placemaking. To explore these issues, a global semiotic framework reorientates traditional notions of the geopolitical context in terms of Dubai’s social mediascape. TikTok is taken as a case to explore a corpus of Dubai-related hashtags and content being shared by migrant, domestic, and service workers. The central argument of the article is that, while Dubai’s social media cultures reflect hegemonies of Gulf governance and TikTok’s algorithms, they are also infused by workers’ affective digital-placemaking as a form of neoliberal resilience to communicative capitalism and deterritorialization in the social media age. Overall, the article provides much-needed insights into how social mediashapes and is shaped by transnational social actors’ digital placemaking in the Middle East region.
Exploring Community Disaster Resilience After Kosi Floods 2008 in Bihar, India
Authors: Acharya Subhendu Kumar , Parida Jayashree , Singh Braj Kishore Narayan
Published: September 2023

In India, the emphasis on disaster management primarily focuses on structural reconciliation. So, post-disaster reconstruction mostly becomes inadequate to be sustainable and to help the affected people revive to their desired states of recovery. The lack of state mechanisms raises major questions about the practices adopted for sustenance at the individual and community levels. In the context of the Kosi River flood in Bihar in the year 2008, the main aim of the study is to explore the reconciliatory practices and changes in the rural society of Bihar to cope with the post-flood impacts in the absence of adequate institutional support. The present study also tries to explore the resilience capacity of community members to revive from the post-flood period. A qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory approach. A total of 23 participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview guide. Results depict that community members adopt different coping mechanisms to deal with the impact of disasters.
We are Late Enough: Take Action in Social Studies Classes
Authors: Akhan Nadire Emel , Demirezen Serpil , Çiçek Samet
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research is to provide an applied example that serves as a guide to social studies classrooms and directly supports the teachers who implement it, specifically for the social studies lesson. In the research planned as an action research, a group of 27 7th-grade students from a middle school was selected as the study group, and activities were implemented under the name of “Social Studies Club” for a duration of 16 weeks, with 2 hours of weekly sessions. The results of the research support the literature in terms of student perceptions at the beginning of the application. According to students “Social studies is not among the favorite subjects, there is little interest in the subject, but it is not considered difficult. The lessons are perceived as simple but boring.” At the end of the applications, students have developed positive feelings towards the social studies lesson, gained awareness about the achievements, and acquired learning outcomes. Looking at the interviews conducted with the students at the end of the applications, it can be observed that the students made positive evaluations regarding the applications. They were able to make more inferences about the social studies lesson, not because they found it simple, but because they considered it important. As a result, they started to view social studies as one of their favorite subjects and expressed that they have explored the content of the social studies lesson. Although this research provides a small snapshot in terms of the duration of the application, it can be considered as a guiding resource in terms of addressing the problems in social studies education.
Curriculum Theorizing as Post-Colonial Text: Post-Orientalism and Young Chun Kim’s Life’s Work in South Korea
Authors: Jung Jung-Hoon
Published: September 2023

Research on post-colonial curricula in non-Western countries continues to expand, with contributions from many scholars around the world. Many of these authors argue that post-colonial theories and the implications of those theories can help elucidate how colonial hegemony and ideology have affected the dominant discourse regarding curriculum studies discourse in non-Western nations. Despite the efforts that have been made, the field of curriculum studies in South Korea lacks context-relevant post-colonial perspectives and practical approaches to developing new post-colonial knowledge based on its own language, culture, history, and epistemologies. This article explores the life’s work of one Korean post-colonial curriculum scholar. Based on a document analysis and an in-depth interview process, the following discussion conceptualizes three themes related to post-colonial curriculum studies: (1) production of indigenous qualitative research texts, (2) identification of new curriculum phenomenon from the local, and (3) creation of new concepts and languages for international curriculum research. This analysis can inform how curriculum scholars in South Korea and other non-Western regions approach post-colonial curriculum research in a specific nation.