bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cylinder accuracy analysis of tangential turning of disk-like workpieces with increased cutting speed
Authors: Sztankovics István ,   University of Miskolc, Institute of Manufacturing Science, H-3515 Mikskolc, Egyetemváros
Published: July 2024

Tangential turning, a precision high-speed finishing procedure, is crucial for achieving superior surface quality and dimensional accuracy in cylindrical workpieces. This advanced machining technique leverages tangentially applied cutting forces to minimize tool deflection and vibration, thereby enhancing the surface integrity of the final product. Despite its advantages, tangential turning poses challenges in maintaining cylindrical accuracy, necessitating a thorough investigation of cylindrical error. Cylindrical error, the deviation of the machined surface from a perfect cylinder, significantly impacts the functional performance of precision components. Factors such as tool wear, machine dynamics, and thermal effects can induce these errors, demanding comprehensive studies to optimize process parameters and tool paths. By thoroughly analyzing cylindrical error, manufacturers can refine tangential turning processes, ensuring high precision and consistency in high-speed finishing operations. This research underscores the importance of precision error analysis in advancing manufacturing capabilities and achieving stringent quality standards. Cylindrical accuracy is analyzed using the full factorial experimental design methodology to carry out practical cutting experiments, where the cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut were the altered variables. The cylindricity error, peak maximum departure, their ratio, and coaxiality are measured and analyzed. The main effect analysis and detailed study are elaborated using the determined equation. It is found that decreasing the studied parameters is advisable if increasing cylinder accuracy is needed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND NOISE INTENSITY WITH INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE IN PRODUCTION UNIT WORKERS PT JAPFA COMFEED INDONESIA, Tbk. PLANT MARGOMULYO
Authors: Sofia Sofia
Published: July 2024

Kebisingan merupakan faktor bahaya fisik yang paling dominan ditemukan di lingkungan kerja dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan seperti gangguan sistem auditori atau non-auditory seperti gangguan komunikasi, stres, gelisah, peningkatan tekanan darah hingga penurunan produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik responden dan intensitas kebisingan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pekerja di unit produksi PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Plant Margomulyo. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu observasional analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian cross sectional. Terdapat hubungan antara usia, masa kerja, penggunaan APT dan intensitas kebisingan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi, kebiasaan merokok dan riwayat hipertensi dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pekerja unit produksi PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Plant Margomulyo. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebisingan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan tekanan darah dan diperkuat oleh beberapa faktor lainnya. Perusahaan dapat memberikan edukasi bahaya kebisingan, pelatihan pemakaian APT yang benar, mengatur jadwal kerja dan istirahat yang seimbang hingga melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin kepada seluruh pekerja di unit produksi
Knowledge of Public Health Students Regarding HIV/AIDS and PLHIV: Do They Have Stigma?
Authors: Sendila Ernesy Asari  , Ike Anggraeni Gunawan  , Masithah
Published: July 2024

Latar Belakang: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan infeksi yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh. HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit seumur hidup. Jika terus dibiarkan, virus tersebut dapat menular pada orang lain karena penderita HIV/AIDS dapat tampak sehat dan tanpa gejala. HIV/AIDS dapat menyebabkan masalah fisik berupa infeksi oportunistik. Selain itu, terdapat masalah psikologis dan sosial bagi ODHA karena adanya stigma. Stigma masyarakat terhadap HIV/AIDS dan ODHA dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan.
Tujuan: Dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan pengetahuan terkait HIV/AIDS dan ODHA dengan stigma mahasiswa FKM UNMUL terhadap ODHA karena mahasiswa merupakan agent of change sehingga perlu memiliki pengetahuan terkait masalah kesehatan, salah satunya mengenai HIV/AIDS
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 199 mahasiswa FKM UNMUL angkatan 2020 – 2022 yang diperoleh dengan metode stratified sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa FKM UNMUL memiliki stigma terhadap ODHA. Berdasarkan uji chi-square menunjukkan p-value < 0,001 yang verarti terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan stigma terhadap HIV/AIDS dan ODHA
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan stigma terhadap HIV/AIDS dan ODHA
Determinan Perilaku Merokok Siswa MA Babul Ulum Mariana Kabupaten Banyuasin Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Sari Murni Nani , Deviliawati Atma , Sayati Dewi , Suwandi Welly
Published: July 2024

Latar Belakang:
Perilaku merokok merupakan masalah kesehatan komunitas di Indonesia. Persentase merokok pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan (Sumsel) tahun 2022 adalah 30,49%. Survei Global Youth Tobacco tahun 2019 menunjukkan prevalensi perokok pada usia sekolah 13-15 tahun adalah 19 persen
Tujuan :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis determinan perilaku merokok pada siswa MA Babul Ulum Mariana.
Metode Penelitian:
Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 33 siswa di MA Babul Ulum Mariana.
Hasil :
Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan sebagian besar responden berusia 16 tahun (42,4%), pekerjaan ayahnya adalah buruh (87,9%), pekerjaan ibu adalah ibu rumah tangga (97%), dan sebagian besar tidak mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler (87,9%).  Sebagian besar (75,8%) menyatakan ada perokok dalam keluarganya, dan perokok tersebut adalah ayahnya. Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, kontrol diri, pola asuh permisif ibu, konformitas teman sebaya, dan ketersediaan rokok dengan perilaku merokok; namun tidak ada hubungan pengaruh iklan rokok, dan peran guru dengan perilaku merokok.
Kesimpulan:
Ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, kontrol diri, pola asuh permisif ibu, konformitas teman sebaya, dan ketersediaan rokok dengan perilaku merokok; namun tidak ada hubungan pengaruh iklan rokok, dan peran guru dengan perilaku merokok.
An algorithm of the sequence of artificial symmetric signals for comparing and creating a new convolution method
Authors: Kerimov Azer ,   Institute of Control Systems, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: July 2024

The objective of this article is to create an algorithm of the sequence of artificial signals that can be used to compare and create methods for processing one- and two-dimensional signals. It will then be implemented to compare feature extraction methods that rely on discrete wavelet transforms. The discrete wavelet transform is superior to other signal processing techniques in several ways. Developing a feature set is a crucial step in using the discrete wavelet transform. Mean value and standard deviation are suggested as feature extraction techniques in this study. The mean value is the only option selected for the first feature extraction method; the mean value and standard deviation are selected for the second feature extraction method. To build any number of artificial signal sequences from a single, several conditions are taken into account, for example, their symmetry, they are supposed to be located at the same distance from each other, that is, with an equal step. Symmetrical signal sequences constructed in this way differ from common wellknown signal sequences, such as Fourier series, in that they converge to a given signal in equal steps.
Application of cyber-physical geosystems in Healthcare 4.0 environment: challenges, opportunities and perspectives
Authors: Samidov Anar ,   Institute of Information Technology, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: July 2024

In modern times, the use of information technologies in the automation of emergency medical care processes is of great importance. This study offers the application of cyber-physical geosystems to optimize and improve emergency medical care processes using geospatial information. Moreover, it presents the methodology of creating cyber-physical geosystems including the collection, analysis, monitoring and integration of geospatial data into medical information systems and the application of telemedicine. The main goal of cyber-physical geosystems is to increase the efficiency of patient care in emergency situations. Real-time monitoring of the patient in the ambulance by a doctor-expert is very important during the transportation of the patient from the scene of the incident or from the medical institution to the hospital equipped with modern equipment. Consequently, medical experts can give emergency doctors important instructions about the patient in time. This results in a reduction in response time in emergency situations and an improvement in the quality of medical care. This article discusses the importance, limitations, and advantages of using the technologies of cyber-physical geosystems in the context of modern emergency medical care. Correspondingly, it analyzes the advantages and limitations of the system, its expansion and improvement methods. The results of this study highlight the successful implementation of cyber-physical geosystems (CPGS) in different regions. In this regard, it recommends the necessity of joint cooperation with the state and medical institutions.
Pertanggung jawaban Pidana Korporasi Pada Tindak Pidana Perbankan Dalam Rangka Pembaruan Hukum Pidana
Authors: Nurjannatul Fadhilah  , Aria Zurnetti  , Nani Mulyati
Published: July 2024

Previously banking crimes committed by corporations tended to be difficult to enforce, because corporations weren’t the subject of criminal law, either according to the Criminal Code or the Banking Law. In order to reform the national criminal law, the government then promulgated the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law which introduced a renewal of thought in the Indonesian criminal law regime. The reform led to a shift in the position of corporations as subjects of banking crimes. The issues raised are: 1) How does the position of corporations shift as the subjects of banking crime after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law?; 2) How is corporate criminal liability in banking crimes after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law? This research uses normative juridical methods through statue approach, and conceptual approach. The results obtained from this study include that after the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law, the position of corporations as subjects of banking crimes has shifted from previously not recognized in the Criminal Code or Banking Law, now it has been recognized as a subject of banking crimes, so that the principle of delinquere non potest university used by the previous Criminal Code is no longer relevant in the new Indonesian criminal law paradigm. Then the National Criminal Code and the PPSK Law basically use three forms of corporate criminal liability, namely: criminal liability is imposed on corporations only, criminal liability is imposed on individual only, or liability is imposed on both (corporation and individual).
Diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria para o manejo do comportamento suicida: fluxograma geral, pós-venção, prevenção e promoção
Authors: Baldaçara Leonardo , Périco Cintia de Azevedo-Marques , Pinto Flavia Ismael , Grudtner Roberta Rossi , Calfat Elie Leal de Barros , Rocha Gislene Alves da , Porto Deisy Mendes , Leite Verônica da Silveira , Robis Kelly Pereira , Fidalgo Thiago Marques , Diaz Alexandre Paim , Meleiro Alexandrina Maria Augusto da Silva , Malloy-Diniz Leandro Fernandes , Silva Filho Humberto Corrêa da , Quevedo João , Tung Teng Chei , Da Silva Antônio Geraldo
Published: July 2024

O suicídio é um grave problema de saúde pública com profundos impactos emocionais, sociais e econômicos. Este artigo aborda três estratégias essenciais para enfrentar essa questão: pós-venção, prevenção e promoção da saúde mental. Pós-venção envolve intervenções após um suicídio, oferecendo suporte às pessoas afetadas para mitigar traumas e prevenir novos casos. Programas de apoio psicológico e grupos de ajuda mútua são eficazes na redução do impacto negativo em famílias e comunidades. Prevenção consiste na identificação e redução de fatores de risco antes das tentativas de suicídio. Isso inclui triagem de risco, intervenções psicoterapêuticas, tratamento farmacológico e campanhas educativas que promovem a conscientização e reduzem o estigma dos transtornos mentais. O treinamento de profissionais de saúde e educação é crucial para a detecção precoce e intervenção. Promoção da saúde mental visa fortalecer fatores protetores e melhorar o bem-estar psicológico. Políticas públicas eficazes, acesso a serviços de saúde mental de qualidade e a criação de ambientes sociais e educacionais que promovam resiliência e apoio emocional são fundamentais. Iniciativas incluem programas de educação emocional nas escolas e campanhas comunitárias de conscientização. Este artigo enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada que combine pós-venção, prevenção e promoção para o manejo eficaz do comportamento suicida, apresentando evidências e recomendações para a prática clínica e implementação em políticas públicas de saúde.
Iran, USA Motives for the Iranian nuclear agreement-2015
Authors: Saeed Jabbar Hassen
Published: July 2024

The main aim of this study is to conduct an overal assessment  on motivies of the Iraniain nuclear programm, this study will highlight on the study and analyse of the most important motivations that led both the Western countries and Iran to reach an agreement.                 As the results of this research showed that the Iranian nuclear progrrmm is considered as a golden opportunity for both the United States of America as well as Iran, therefore in order to avoide of the conflict between them.
Architecture of interaction in the digital medical ecosystem
Authors: Калинин Алексей Николаевич , Рудецкий Сергей Владимирович , Малых Владимир Леонидович
Published: July 2024

В сфере медицинской информатики наблюдается устойчивая тенденция
к формированию сложной многокомпонентной экосистемы. На передний край
выходят проблемы взаимодействия и интеграции компонентов экосистемы:
медицинских, лабораторных, радиологических систем, ЕГИСЗ, ЕМИАС, МДЛП,
различных регистров и сервисов, в том числе реализующих подходы ИИ
к обработке данных и решению задач. Пациенты остро нуждаются в личных
кабинетах, интегрирующих их медицинские данные, становятся активными
участника экосистемы. Решать интеграционные задачи приходится в сильно
неоднородной информационной среде, когда становится недостижимым
обеспечение синхронного интерактивного взаимодействия между участниками
экосистемы. Для отдельных приложений необходима гибкая возможность
сочетания как синхронного, так и асинхронного взаимодействия,
выбираемого ситуационно, исходя из конкретных временных задержек и
характеристик взаимодействия.

В статье предлагается специальная архитектура, позволяющая
реализовывать синхронное и асинхронное взаимодействие между участниками
экосистемы. Адаптация ПО, рассчитанного только на синхронное
взаимодействие, под асинхронную архитектуру не требует радикальной
переделки ПО. Подход отрабатывался на примере адаптации модуля МДЛП МИС
Интерин к работе во внутренней защищенной сети медицинского центра.
Предложенная архитектура может быть использована разработчиками ПО и
в других сферах деятельности, где идёт активное развитие экосистем,
сопровождающееся ростом интеграционных взаимодействий.
Validated Area Under Curve Quantitative UV Spectrophotometric Analysis of Rebamipide in Drug Formulations
Authors: SR Karajgi , RV Kulkarni , SS Potadar , Anand Ingale
Published: July 2024

A very simple, accurately perfect, precisely repeatable procedure has been proposed for the estimate of rebamipide in medicines. Evaluation of previous works indicates the fact that, so far no UV spectrophotometric scheme for quantifiable estimate by area under curve technique for the drug rebamipide is not described. Therefore, there was a need to plan a different methodology to analyze the medicine employing dimethyl formamide in the form of solvent. This medication monitors Beer’s law in the range of concentration 20 to 200 ìg/mL in the ultraviolet range, particularly areas between 320 and 340 nm for are under curve because the absorption maximum was found to be 330 nm in the selected solvent. The recovery readings proved the offered technique’s accuracy and outcomes were authenticated par accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) references. The discoveries were reasoned to be consistent as well as agreeable. As a consequence, this optional technique was successfully used to estimate rebamipide quantitatively in conventional analytical applications.
Novel Proniosomes of Manidipine: Optimization and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Ashwini J , Bakshi Vasudha
Published: July 2024

The objective of the current study is to produce proniosomes of manidipine using the thin film hydration method for the management of hypertension. Statistical optimization was performed using the Box-Behnken design. The generated formulations were tested for particle size, entrapment effectiveness, and drug release at 12 hours. The improved proniosomes were further assessed for surface morphology, ATR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The improved proniosomes were also assessed for an in-vitro and in-vivo investigation on dexamethasone-induced hypertension. It was noted that there was no significant interaction with excipients. DSC indicated a considerable shift in the endothermal peak and showed interaction with the study’s excipients. Niosomes and drug crystals were seen to be dispersed in small areas during the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The study also showed that the optimized proniosomes have asymmetrical surfaces and appearances. The zeta value in the research was -6.7 mV, indicating stability. According to the optimized proniosomes formulation, F14 released 99.97% of the drug at its highest concentration in 12 hours. ANOVA results from an in-vivo investigation confirmed a satisfactory outcome in decreasing raised blood pressure, as shown by the F and p-values.
Preparation and Evaluation of Rebamipide Ophthalmic Nanosuspension for Dry Eye Therapy
Authors: Tyagi Reena , Bhalla Vijay
Published: July 2024

Dry eye syndrome poses a therapeutic challenge due to the limited residence time of traditional treatments on the ocular surface. The commercially available rebamipide (REB) ophthalmic suspension, though approved for clinical use in dry eye patients, suffers from rapid drainage through the nasolacrimal duct, limiting its effectiveness. In this study, rebamipide nanosuspension was successfully developed by solvent-diffusion methodology and investigated for measurement of particle size, shape, surface charge, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), percentage entrapment efficiency, dissolution studies and release kinetics, ex-vivo permeability study. Results demonstrate that the optimized formulation has 196 nm particle size, surface charge of +32.5 mV, and low polydispersity. FTIR studies revealed that the drug exhibits compatibility with the excipients integrated into the formulation. DSC and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a decrease in the crystalline nature of the drug. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) findings indicate that rebamipide nanosuspension possesses a spherical shape, and in-vitro studies demonstrate a slower and sustained release of REB. Ex-vivo studies performed on excised goat corneas demonstrated significantly improved drug permeation compared to the suspension without inducing corneal damage.
Incorporating Kappa-carrageenan in Liposomes Facilitates Development of Lipopolysaccharide Hybrid Nanoplatform
Authors: Prasad Suvaasni , Krishnan Kiruthigaa , Venkatabalasubramanian Sivaramakrishnan
Published: July 2024

Sulfated polysaccharides (kappa-carrageenan) integration in lipids provides diverse structural and physicochemical properties in nanotechnology. Such a lipopolysaccharide hybrid (LPHS) system offers superior applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of sulfated polysaccharide (kappa-carrageenan: κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes (cubosomes) for establishing cubic tendency in the LPHS system. The κ-CG integrated smart liposomes were prepared using the modified thin film hydration approach. Characterization studies (liposomes and smart liposomes) were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS studies confirmed the nano-range of both delivery systems. The SEM and TEM investigation revealed the formation of classical cubic morphology of the smart liposomes. Sulfated polysaccharide (κ-CG) integrated smart liposomes exhibited an enhanced κ-CG release profile compared to the liposome-free κ-CG alone. This was due to improved entrapment efficiency (68%) and better overall stability established by the κ-CG incorporation.
Formulation Optimization and Preparation of Amlodipine and Telmisartan Double-layer Tablets (5/40Mg) using Wet Granulation Method
Authors: Huynh Duyen Thi My , Hai Huynh Thien , Loc Tran Huu , T Le Minh-Ngoc , Nguyen Phuoc-Vinh
Published: July 2024

The two-layer tablet of amlodipine and telmisartan is an effective strategy to manage hypertension disease through a combination of various treatment mechanisms. However, the spray-drying method is currently used to prepare telmisartan tablets due to its extremely low solubility, which requires sophisticated equipment. In this study, wet granulation was applied to fabricate this two-layer tablet. Furthermore, design of experiments were deployed to design and optimize the formulation in order to obtain an in-vitro equivalence with the reference drug. As a result, a formulation of the two-layer table using the wet granulation method was successfully developed and optimized. The obtained tablet showed an in-vitro equivalence with the reference drug (with f2 superior to 50 for both amlodipine and telmisartan). Furthermore, the obtained tablet also met a set of in-house standards, including appearance, identification, assay, and dissolution rate. This study provided not a novel but effective and simple method of fabrication for amlodipine-telmisartan tablets using wet granulation. Furthermore, the obtained results also highlighted the significant contribution of a well-established design of experiments in the development of a complex tablet formulation.
Stability Indicating Force Degradation Study of Nintedanib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Kadam Sachin , Bhalerao Rohit , Pawar Sonali , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2024

Assay of the nintedanib drug substance can be determined using a newly designed and verified reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, even when degradation products from forced degradation experiments are present. By using gradient elution, the mobile phase was a mixture of 70% acetonitrile and 30% water by volume. Acid, base, peroxide, thermal, and photolytic degradation were among the stress conditions that the product was subjected to. During the thermal and photolytic breakdown processes, no extra contaminants were detected. Using validation criteria such as specificity, linearity, limit of quantitation (LoQ), accuracy, precision, robustness, and ruggedness, the developed technique was validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. At a concentration of 12.4 ng/mL, the LoQ value was attained. The results showed good linearity (r2 > 1.00) across doses ranging from 2 to 10 μg/mL. Verification of recovery was done by adding concentrated solutions of 5, 10, and 15 μg/mL. So, newly developed RP-HPLC technology can separate Nintedanib from its main degradation products, and it can also estimate the drug substance’s concentration.
Development of Enteric-Coated Tablet with a Unique Combination of Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Actives to Treat Colitis
Authors: Gupta Manish Kumar , Dhane Ketaki , Jangme Chandraprabhu , Patil Abhinandan
Published: July 2024

The primary objectives of the current investigation were to design and characterize enteric-coated oil of ginger tablets in coconut water powdered form as a therapy for ulcerative colitis. One source that is both anti-inflammatory and high in electrolytes is a combination of ginger oil and powdered coconut water. By reducing inflammation and improving electrolyte and water balance, this combination will hasten the healing process. Starch 1500, microcrystalline cellulose, and ethyl cellulose were used to create enteric-coated tablets of ginger oil alone and in combination with coconut water powder. The results corroborated the findings that there were no unique interactions between any of the substances, as demonstrated by the examination of both tablets, which included morphology, micrometric features, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic capabilities. We studied the dissolving characteristics of coated tablets at pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4 in a buffer. Quantification of gingerol was accomplished by use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technology. The selected formulation’s therapeutic efficacy was lastly confirmed using a colitis model generated by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Tablets containing either ginger oil or a powdered combination of ginger oil as well as coconut water were compared in the research. Myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidase, and histological assessment were calculated using the colitis model. The colon/body weight ratio was also measured. Research on animals has shown that a combination of the coated oil of ginger and the oil of coconut tablets, as opposed to ginger oil tablets alone, considerably improved the sick conditions in Wistar rats. The gain in weight and clinical improvements in the macroscopic and microscopic factors of induced colitis served as evidence of this. These results demonstrate the potential of coated tablets formulated with coconut water powder for the targeted delivery of ginger oil to the colon as well as for the improvement of colon health through the balance of micronutrients and water content. It is not practical to increase the dosage to compensate for metabolic loss while using ginger oil because of its strong taste and strength. Therefore, the formulation of choice is enteric coating. As enteric coating tablets target the intestine as the site of action, it is possible to use less potent ginger oil. Due to the inclusion of coconut water powder, the formulation not only helps cure the illness state but also promotes and supports a speedy recovery.
Antifungal Niosomal Nail Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole in the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Chatur V , Dhole S , Kulkarni N
Published: July 2024

Niosomes, multilamellar vesicles, efficiently transfer active substances into the epidermis or systemic circulation. Topical medication delivery techniques increase skin permeability to active compounds. Onychomycosis, a common nail ailment caused by fungus, requires efficient topical therapies due to the risks of systemic antifungal therapy. This research aimed to make a nail polish with efinaconazole (EFN) to treat onychomycosis. The spherical Niosomes contained efinaconazole and had a 100 to 130 nm diameter. In the 24-hour in-vitro experiment, drug trapping ranged from 40 to 90% and release from 25 to 86%. The 1:2 mixtures of efinaconazole niosomes, Span 60, and CHO produced nail paint with good results. Efinaconazole-loaded niosomal nail polish had better drug release, antifungal effectiveness, and smoothness over other formulations. Topical nail polish can help low-bioavailability medicines. This method helps the medication enter the body through the nail. The ENNL can deliver onychomycosis drugs topically.
To Synthesize and Characterize Metabolite Enalapril: PKPD and Toxicity Predictions by Computational Approaches
Authors: Pathade Parag , Bairagi Vinod , Vaishnav Shraddha , Dingare Shraddha
Published: July 2024

Enalapril is a prodrug that facilitates the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, an ingredient that brings constriction of blood vessels by action of the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is the focus of this work, which also includes its characterization, optimization, and synthesis. The objective is to correctly, precisely, and sensitively determine both enalapril and its synthesized metabolite, enalaprilat, when present as an impurity. The paper also forecasts the ADME and toxicity characteristics of ENLP by utilizing several ADME databases, including SWISS ADME and molesoft. The laboratory synthesized enalaprilat, the metabolite derived from enalapril, and characterized. The Kinetex C18 stationary phase was employed in the analytical approach. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the injection volume was 20 μL. With a wavelength of 244 nm, the run lasted for 10 minutes. The mobile phase used was an 80% acetonitrile: 20% pH 3 phosphate buffer. The HPLC technique validation, which involved the identification of the enalapril metabolite, followed the parameters outlined in ICH Q2B (R1). The analysis exhibited a range of accuracy and precision between 98.75 and 102.5% for all substances being tested. This approach is appropriate for identifying and measuring the metabolite in enalapril bulk or formulations. The method for assessing enalaprilat in biological fluids has the potential to be further refined and applied in clinical and bioequivalence research. The study furthermore presents an evaluation of toxicity utilizing computational methods such as the Swiss tool, with the objective of aiming to mitigate potential risks.
Integration of UV Spectrophotometry Method For Simultaneous Estimation of Fluconazole and Efinaconazole in Nanoparticle Loaded Hydrogel
Authors: Farheen Fiza , Yadav Hemant Kumar , Raizaday Abhay
Published: July 2024

The goal of this study was to create and validate a UV spectrophotometric method for fluconazole and efinaconazole. Ultraviolet spectroscopy was employed at 255 nm for fluconazole and 268 nm for efinaconazole, using samples prepared in a DMF and phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 4.9. The method demonstrated strong linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Following ICH guidelines, the validity of the method was assessed for various parameters, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), recovery study, and range. The simplicity, time efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of UV spectroscopy were key factors in its selection over HPLC technique, which is known for being expensive and time-consuming with potential susceptibility to various factors affecting determination. Through repeated experiments and meticulous sampling, the method exhibited linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and lack of errors. It was also found to be selective, specific, and cost-effective, affirming its reliability. Moreover, the use of a consistent solvent throughout the experimental work ensured that the method was free from interference by any excipients. Overall, the proposed UV spectrophotometric method was deemed simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitive, making it suitable for routine analysis of fluconazole in both single and combined forms
Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Sanguinaria canadensis in Treating Lung Cancer Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Techniques
Authors: Jagtap Vaibhavkumar , Bidkar Shital , Shinde Manoj , Suryawanshi Jayprakash
Published: July 2024

This study examines the molecular mechanism that underlies the possible therapeutic benefits of Sanguinaria canadensis in the treatment of lung cancer. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, we identify 15 bioactive compounds from S. canadensis, with sanguinarine and chelerythrine being the most prominent. These compounds interact with key proteins involved in lung cancer progression, including IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM1, TNF, and MMP-9. Pathway enrichment analysis reveals significant involvement of pathways such as homologous recombination, p53 signaling, and cell cycle. GO and KEGG analyses elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer pathogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets. STING enrichment analysis uncovers crucial biological processes associated with STING-regulated genes, suggesting their involvement in cancer-related functions. Molecular docking studies demonstrate strong binding affinities between bioactive compounds and target proteins, indicating potential efficacy in impeding cancer-related processes. This comprehensive investigation provides insights into the therapeutic potential of S. canadensis in lung cancer treatment, warranting further experimental validation and exploration of novel therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis, Pharmacological Study of 3,5-Di- Substituted Isoxazole Derivatives as Anticancer Drug Against Breast Cancer Cell Line Followed by Computational Study
Authors: Waghmare Sonali , Sawant Ramesh
Published: July 2024

Objective: Cancer has remained a challenge to the healthcare system due to changes in eating habits and lifestyle, tremendous side effects of chemotherapy, and resistance to existing treatment due to mutations, which creates difficulty in identifying specific targets. Chemistry and Methodology: In this study, equimolecular amounts of reagents were used to synthesize substituted isoxazoles from alpha-beta unsaturated intermediates. Result: Compounds were collected in varying amounts of yield. Spectroscopic data supports the formation of compounds. Compound Id shows GI50 of 46.3 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231. Conclusion: The effective synthesis of novel derivatives has opened up exciting new avenues for medicinal research; one of these compounds has moderate anticancer properties.
A Comprehensive Review of Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Therapy
Authors: Okkod Abdellateif , Reddy Sunith
Published: July 2024

A promising method for treating different kinds of cancer is cancer therapy based on nanoparticles. The goal of this thorough analysis is to present a summary of the most current developments in cancer treatment using nanoparticles and discuss the different kinds of nanoparticles and how they might be used to enhance therapeutic efficacy and deliver anticancer medications. These include mesoporous dendritic silica nanospheres, gold nanoparticles, and chitosan nanoparticles. The review stresses the significance of stability and dynamic interfaces in attaining effective drug administration and addresses the difficulties related to medication release and degradation in nanoparticle-based therapy. Moreover, it investigates the immune reactions, such as dendritic cell maturation and immune response activation, that are brought on by nanoparticle-based therapy. Overall, this thorough analysis highlights the promise of these cutting-edge strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of cancer treatment and offers insightful information about the developments in nanoparticle-based cancer therapy. The information provided in this study contributes to the growing corpus of information in the field of nanomedicine and suggests future avenues for investigation and development of treatments utilizing nanoparticles to treat cancer
Irinotecan Resistance Mechanisms in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ghodeswar Bindu , Chhajed Santosh
Published: July 2024

Irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, has been widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors, including colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. However, its efficacy is often limited by the development of resistance mechanisms within cancer cells. Understanding these resistance mechanisms is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and developing effective therapeutic strategies. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying irinotecan resistance in cancer. Key resistance mechanisms discussed include the overexpression of drug efflux pumps, activation of DNA repair pathways, altered drug metabolism, and microenvironmental factors. Clinical implications, challenges, and emerging opportunities in overcoming irinotecan resistance are also explored, including the identification of biomarkers predictive of response/resistance, combination therapies targeting multiple resistance pathways, and advancements in drug delivery systems. By elucidating the complexities of irinotecan resistance, this review aims to inform future research directions and facilitate the development of personalized treatment approaches for patients with resistant cancers.
Development of Inhaled Tuberculosis Microparticle using Polysaccharide Polymers Containing Rifamycin Groups: In-vitro and In-vivo Study
Authors: Dinanti Finisha  Prigestiya , Erawati Tristiana , Hariyadi Dewi  Melani
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the urgent global health problems. TB therapy involves the use of antibiotics, but unwanted side effects often accompany the treatment of TB with high doses and long periods of time. In an effort to increase the effectiveness of TB treatment and reduce side effects, direct drug delivery to the lungs is the focus of research. One of the approaches used is the development of drug delivery systems that use natural polymers in dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations. Natural polymers, especially polysaccharides, have various advantages, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. This review discusses the use of rifamycin microparticle tuberculosis inhalation using polysaccharide polymers and reviews relevant in-vitro and in-vivo studies. The use of natural polymers, especially polysaccharides, is expected to increase the efficiency of TB therapy by reducing drug doses and systemic side effects and increasing direct drug delivery to infected organs.
Nanotechnology in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Advancements in Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Chaudhary Jitendra  Singh , Dubey Anubhav , Pachorkar Shubham Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the spine and the sacroiliac joints, although it is now considered for new drug target possibilities. It is an area in which nanotechnology has shown significant potential. This report offers an extensive review of the formulation design, clinical utility, and current development in the use of nanotechnology for treating AS. The rational design principles of nanotherapeutics, created to modify the myriad processes implicated in AS pathophysiology, were examined. It comprises drug delivery systems, targeting approaches, and release processes. Clinical and preclinical evidence of nanomedicines’ tolerability and effectiveness in AS therapy is reported. In conclusion, this document reflects the recent state of these nanotechnology-based treatments for AS and discusses the author’s future goals in developing novel, powerful treatment strategies that generate strong patient outcomes.
Unlocking Dithranol’s Potential: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Improved Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Savita Kuldip  Kumar , Dubey Anubhav , Gaur Sandeep  Singh
Published: July 2024

Dithranol is a therapeutic agent mainly used for psoriasis; however, its clinical use is limited by poor stability, skin irritation, and low patient compliance with conventional formulations. This paper reviews the various advanced drug delivery systems that have been formulated to bypass the above limitations and improve the pharmacokinetics of dithranol. In this context, we describe the problems of the current formulations, which are the instability of the drug and adverse reactions to the skin. Further, we present the advantages of advanced delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, for drug stabilization and delivery to target tissues. We elaborate on the working of polymeric systems, including hydrogels, microparticles, micelles, and prodrugs, with which drug solubility is improved and drug release is sustained. Finally, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies and clinical procedures, details are given regarding the drug release kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of such formulations. The text elaborates on future directions and new technological approaches toward the delivery of dithranol. These advanced delivery systems will help to overcome the limitations of the existing formulations and achieve a higher therapeutic impact of the drug on psoriasis and other skin diseases.
Drug-Coated Central Venous Catheters – A Comprehensive Review of Strategies in the Development to Overcome Biofilm Formation and Related Infections
Authors: Ahammed Nissara , Sundaramoorthi Revathi , Puttegowda Venkatesh  Dinnekere
Published: July 2024

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are implantable medical instruments regularly used in intense care units for the easy introduction of medical drugs and medicaments, to give fluids intravenously, nutriments, transfusion of blood and also to withdraw blood samples. Bloodstream infections associated with the usage of catheters are the most recurrent, harmful as well as expensive impediment. This is the omnipresent reason for the introduction of bacteria and related infections. Among the various types of medical devices, the rate of infection, morbidity and mortality are higher with the usage of CVCs than any other types of medical instruments. Biofilm developed due to contamination by microorganisms. The biofilm is a bunch of microorganisms accumulated on the surface of CVCs. These biofilms contribute to the proliferation of microbes and increase antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics, affect the host’s immunity and get spread to the various body parts. Numerous approaches have been evolved to overcome the above mentioned issues associated with the usage of CVCs. In the said review, the authors have summarized the usage of CVCs, biofilm formation, development of infection, strategies and innovations in the modification of CVCs aiming to avoid the CRBSI and subsequent resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
Cutting-Edge Developments in Microemulsion Technology: Diverse Applications, Formulation Innovations, and Future Horizons
Authors: Chivate Niranjan D , Chivate Anuradha  N , Yadav Akshay  R , Patil Shubhangi  J
Published: July 2024

Microemulsion technology has emerged as a versatile and dynamic solution with widespread applications across various industries. This review delves into the diverse applications, formulation innovations, and anticipated future trends in microemulsion technology. From pharmaceuticals and food to cosmetics and enhanced oil recovery, the unique properties of microemulsions have paved the way for numerous breakthroughs. We explore the formulation strategies that contribute to their stability and efficiency, shedding light on the key factors influencing their success. Additionally, the article highlights the current landscape of microemulsion applications and discusses how ongoing research is shaping the future of this promising technology.
Formulation, Characterization and Stability Aspects of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Padiyar Neha , Nainwal Nidhi , Ale Yogita , Galwan Deepika
Published: July 2024

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are a type of inorganic nanoparticles having mesopores of 2 to 50 nm in size. The nanosized mesoporous particles of silica facilitate endocytosis in drug targeting without any side effects. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) can be used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents or gene delivery through active or chemical adsorption. MSNs can be used in the field of biomedical for the detection and treatment of various diseases like cancers, infection, inflammation, diabetes, bone-related disorders, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. The unique characteristics of MSNs in the form of easily adjustable pore size, surface area, particle size, pore volume, and surface morphology are advantageous not only in the biomedical field but also in the fields of biosensors, imaging, agriculture, thermal energy, and catalysis, etc. MSNs provide high surface area, easy surface functionalization, and controlled drug release. MSNs are formulated after condensation of silica in the presence of molecular templates like surfactants and polymers. This review article focused on giving in-depth knowledge about formulation techniques. Various types of excipients, such as catalysts, silica, solvents and surfactants utilized for the formulation of silica-based nanoparticles, have been summarized. The characterization of MSNs using suitable techniques was also reviewed. The stability of MSNs and factors affecting their stability is a crucial part of formulation development that is discussed here
Polymeric Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery System: A Promising Approach for Breast Cancer
Authors: Nanda Naimish , Tharmaraj Chozharajan , Haque M  Akiful , S Swapna
Published: July 2024

After lung cancer, breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent malignancy in women globally. Surgery followed by chemotherapy is the conventional treatment plan for BC. However, both are unsuccessful in treating BC because of the harmful effects that these treatments have on healthy tissues and organs. Many polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have been discovered and created recently to selectively aim cancer cells without harming normal cells. As an outcome, drug delivery systems (DDS) mediated by NPs have developed as a possible method to treat BC. PNPs have several special qualities that make them ideal for cancer treatment due to their tunable surface functions and choosiness to target tumor cells and minimize side effects
A Panoramic Review on Gastro-Retentive Floating Drug Delivery System
Authors: Bisht Latika , Parashar Tarun , Butola Mansi , Jakhmola Vikash
Published: July 2024

Floating drug delivery has been demonstrated to be the most efficacious of the numerous gastroretentive drug delivery mechanism strategies. The concept behind this system has drawn substantial interest in recent decades. Several strategies are currently implemented to prolong the stomach residence durations, such as floating drug delivery systems, swelling and expansion systems, polymer bioadhesive systems, deformation systems, high-density, etc., systems, and various delayed emptying gastric devices. From a formulation and technology standpoint, floating drug delivery equipment is a rather simplistic and straightforward approach. Floating delivery of drug systems is one of the GRDFs used to increase stomach residence duration. The floating medication delivery device can persist in the gastrointestinal region for several hours due to its floating action on the stomach contents, extensively enhancing the gastrointestinal residence period of drugs. The main thrust of this review is on the design, factors, characterization, applications, evaluation criteria, and prospective future gastro-retentive floating medication delivery techniques.