bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENGINEERING NETWORK METHODS
Authors: Zhvan V. , Donenko V. , Kulish S. , Taran A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the effective analysis of trench and trenchless pipeline laying technologies. In the course of the work, an analytical review of pipeline assembly was performed, the main technological parameters, the scope of each method, and their advantages and disadvantages were determined. List of considered pipeline laying methods: trenching, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic puncture, microtunneling and punching.
The article analyzes the classical trench method and the most widely used trenchless ones: horizontal directional drilling; mechanical puncture; hydraulic puncture; microtunneling; punching. Each of these methods has several advantages and disadvantages.
The choice of the optimal method of laying the pipeline depends on many factors: the physical and mechanical properties of soils and hydrogeological conditions, the length and diameter of the pipeline, the presence of other communications, buildings and structures, as well as the budget that customers have. Work time is the last deciding factor.
Based on the results of the analysis of pipeline laying technologies and expert survey of construction industry experts, the cost table of each method was compiled, outlining the main characteristics of the technology: length of pipeline, speed of work, scope, cost, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods. The conclusions about the use of each of the pipeline laying methods were made.
Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, so to choose the method of work it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of technological parameters, cost, scope and timing of work. The cost of lay-ing the pipeline consists of the following factors: conducting research; selection of diameter and determination of pipeline length; choice of laying method and equipment necessary for the works; selection of equipment, shut-off and control equipment and other materials arranged on the pipeline; terms of performance of works. Taking into account these factors, an estimate is made, which determines the cost of installation of a particular pipeline.
After the analysis, we can conclude that among the methods of trenchless laying of pipelines can be identi-fied horizontally directional drilling, it is this method of laying the pipeline will be appropriate to use for our region. The drilling technique allows to carry out pipelines under obstacles, to pull long segments of networks, to repair site damage. This method is universal and can be used in almost any environment.

Keywords: trenches, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic piercing, microtunnelling, punching, pipeline.
Classification Of Rice Leaf Color Into Leaf Color Chart Using LAB Color Space
Authors: Umam Khoirul , Susanto Eko Heri
Published: October 2020

Leaf Color Chart (LCC) is a measurement tool that can be used to measure the color intensity of rice leaves. The function of these measurements is to find out how many doses of fertilizer are needed by rice plants. However, readings made by human vision have a high level of subjectivity and risk of error. Therefore we need a method that can minimize errors and the level of subjectivity. One method that can be done is to classify the green color of rice leaves using LAB color space. Rice leaf image taken using a smartphone device is then extracted in RGB format. The color is then converted to LAB color space and then compared to the standard green color in the LCC. The comparison results are then used to classify the colors. The testing results show that the method has the value of accuracy, average precision, and average recall of 54.74%, 54.44%, and 51.16% respectively. Therefore the method can only classify correctly half of the data testing.
Expert System For Cupping Treatment Using Case Based Reasoning Method
Authors: Mulyani Evi Dewi Sri , Saputra Rahadi Deli , Haq Rais Mujahidul
Published: October 2020

Cupping is one of the methods of treatment taught by Rasulullah SAW (thibbun nabawi) which can be believed to be a cure because it is sourced from revelations that are certain, divine powers with the perfection of reason. Rasulullah SAW said: "Every disease has a cure. So if the drug is about an illness, the disease will be cured with the permission of Allah SWT. (HR. Muslim), cupping is the best choice for treatment, because it is cheap, lawful, safe, practical and follows the sunnah of Rasulullah SAW. If cupping is done properly and correctly, according to medical rules. With the limited knowledge and memory of the therapist in determining the location of the cupping point can be an error because if there is a new symptom or with a new disease that has never been overcome by a therapist becomes one of the obstacles in determining the location of the cupping point quickly and accurately. so the need for the application of an expert system that can facilitate the cupping therapists to determine the location of the cupping point to patients precisely and quickly. Expert system that will be created using a case based reasoning method. The implementation of the system uses the PHP programming language and MySQL database. With an expert system that uses the case-based reasoning method of cupping treatment can determine the cupping point precisely in accordance with the symptoms that are inputted to be processed into output in the form of solutions to overcome the disease by displaying conclusions in the form of cupping points so as to facilitate the services performed by therapist.
Analisys Of Demand and Optimization Of Medicine Prediction Using ABC Analysis and SVR Method In The “MORBIS” Aplication
Authors: Maryana Tutik , Kusrini Kusrini , Fatta Hanif Al
Published: October 2020

The problem that occurs in hospitals regarding the processing of drug supplies is about the condition of out of stock medicines because hospitals spend around 33% of the total investment in one year only for the investment costs of drugs. To deal with the above problems the hospital must have good logistics management, one way of managing it is by doing good planning. In this research, the writer will use ABC Analysis and Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm. For the use of these methods, the following ABC Analysis will be used for the drug classification process, namely by dividing the torch into three main groups based on interests, namely groups A, B and C. Henceforth, the writer will use the SVR motedo to calculate drug predictions. The results that the authors get from this study are ABC analyys classify drugs. Into three groups namely group A with a total of 276 items with a percentage of 22.96% of the total number of items, group B with a total of 396 items with a percentage of 33.11% and C with a total of 528 with a percentage of 43.94% with a total of 1202 drug items. Prediction testing is done by taking a sample of five drugs derived from group classification. The SVR calculation process is done by comparing linear scaling and z normalization preprocessing methods. The result of this research is that MAPE shows that preprocessing with linear scaling produces a better value than compared to z nomrlization and calculation with ABC analysis.
Prototype Planning and Technician Job Report System at PT Visionet Data Internasional
Authors: Herdiansah Arief , Fitriawati Nora , Rahmawati Erni
Published: October 2020

PT Visionet Data International is a subsidiary of PT. Multipolar tbk, based in lippo Cyber ​​Park, and is engaged in outsourcing IT service providers, serving data center operational services and a company's daily IT operational services (IT Help desk). As a company engaged in services, PT Visionet Data International always strives to run its projects optimally and always maintain the reliability and scalability of computerized infrastructure that supports the customer's main business activities. The prototype planning, control and technician report system is an information system for scheduling, monitoring and reporting the job of technicians in the customer. In this study, researchers conducted an analysis and design of a technician job report system at PT. Data International Data Tangerang. The research method used was interview, survey and literature study methods. The system design process uses UML and the application is developed using PHP. The results of this study are information systems that can improve the services provided by PT. Visionet International Data to customers.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Dashboard Traffic Work Order Berbasis Web
Authors: Maulani Giandari , Komara Handi , Meiliana Santi
Published: October 2020

Information Technology plays an important and dominant role in the business process or the operational management of the company. So with the development of the role of the world of Information and Technology, computer processes are used not only as data processing. but a computer can be a media of information that can be accessed at any time. The application of the Traffic Work Order Dashboard System provides many benefits for companies in order to improve company performance more effectively and efficiently. In carrying out the input is still using office applications in the form of Microsoft Excel and services using paper media to the customer queue, causing service information to the customer to be slow so that performance is not optimal. The service process in the work order information for customers is needed so that the printing service work performed can be seen by customers who are waiting for the results of each order. Then a Web-based Traffic Work Order Dashboard system was built to make it easier for customers. In determining research and design requires a method to see the development of the design carried out in the study, the methods applied include the Waterfall SDLC method which is expected to be able to easily determine the achievement of a system, where a website system that has been designed using PHP Framework Codeigniter as a programming language and SQL as a database storage container. In designing this application system using Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a modeling tool consisting of Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, and Sequence Diagrams. The results of the web-based Traffic Work Order Dashboard system are expected to provide solutions to the problems encountered.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Aplikasi Packaging Labeling Berbasis Web
Authors: Azizah Nur , Adi Nugroho Vinsensius Yalasena , Siswanto Edi
Published: October 2020

The development of technology in the computer-based digital era is currently considered to be developing very rapidly. PT.Pratama Abadi Industri a company engaged in the manufacture of shoes with a fairly well-known brand in Indonesia. In carrying out the packaging labeling data reporting, it still uses office-based applications namely Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel, which results in suboptimal performance results. Then a web-based packing labeling application system was built. In determining research and research design requires a method to see the development of the design and research, the methods applied include the SDLC method in the form of a waterfall, where a website system that has been designed with PHP Framework Codeigniter as a programming language and SQL as database storage. To design a packaging labeling application system using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a modeling tool consisting of Use Case Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams, and Activity Diagrams. The results of the web-based packaging application system are expected to provide solutions to the problems encountered
Alat Penghitung Barang Secara Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Infrared Berbasis Arduino Uno
Authors: Husain Al , Siregar David Calvin , Permadi Septian Heri
Published: October 2020

In electronics technology, the performance of a sensor in gathering information to detect objects is very important. Infrared sensor has the same properties as a transistor, which produces a cut-off, which means the light sensor will turn on if an item is detected and the data will come out in the form of LOW logic otherwise the lamp will remain off if the item is not detected and the data that comes out has a logic value HIGH. The distance range of the sensor or the level of sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted via Potensio. The item count report is managed by Arduino which is processed in information in the form of data on the number of goods entering and exiting goods. The method applied in this study uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Method with a Waterfall modification that is expected to be able to easily determine the achievement of a system. Based on testing in terms of component functionality connected to the prototype system has worked well, while testing in terms of usability that the system is easily used efficiently
Okul Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Mesleki Kaygıları İle Aile Katılım Çalışmalarına Yönelik Öz Yeterlilik İnançları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: APAYDIN DEMİRCİ Zeynep , ARSLAN Emel
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik mesleğine
yönelik mesleki kaygıları ile aile katılım çalışmalarına yönelik öz yeterlilik inançları
arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu
2018- 2019 yılında eğitim-öğretim gören Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi okul
öncesi öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Ateş ve Kalburan’ın (2016) geliştirdiği “Okul
Öncesi Öğretmen Adaylarının Aile Katılım Etkinliklerine İlişkin Öz-Yeterlik
İnanç Ölçeği” ile Köklükaya ve Yıldırım’ın (2016) geliştirdiği ”Öğretmenlik
Mesleğine Yönelik Kaygı Ölçeği” ve araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan
Kişisel bilgi Formu ile veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda,
okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının mesleğe ilişkin kaygı puan ortalamalarının
“katılmıyorum” düzeyinde ve aile katılımı çalışmalarına yönelik öz-yeterlilik inanç
puan ortalamalarının ise “yeterli hissediyorum” düzeyinde olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda öğrencilerin mesleğe yönelik kaygı düzeyleri ile
aile katılım etkinliklerine ilişkin öz-yeterlik inançları arasında negatif
yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca cinsiyet,
yaş ve mezun olunan lise değişkenleri açısından bu beceriler anlamlı farklılık
göstermezken öğretim kademesi değişkeninin, öğrencilerin mesleğe yönelik kaygı
düzeyi arasında anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur.
The Social and Economic Exchange Relationships in the Context of Organizational Commitment
Authors: AYDIN KÜÇÜK Burcu
Published: October 2020

Social Exchange Theory (SET) is one of the fundamental theories that has presented theoretical viewpoint in the several disciplines such as anthropology, social psychology, and sociology. It is known that the theory roots which early conceptualized by Thibault & Kelley (1959), Homans (1961), Blau (1964) and Emerson (1962, 1972) base on back to the 1920s (Malinowski, 1922). The main idea of exchange theory is to a series of interactions that generate obligations (Emerson, 1976). At this point, the findings from social exchange studies have many contributions and benefits in order to understand workplace behaviors (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). SET has been one of the main theories that provide a wide comprehension upon exchange dynamics both at an interpersonal and organizational level. Divided into two categories, namely social (SE) and economic (EE), exchange relationships have seen to be related to many organizational outcomes, including organizational commitment (OC), which can be defined as employees’ attitude towards their organization. The present study purposes to determine the correlation between SET and sub-dimensions of OC (affective commitment and continuance commitment). Data of the study has been obtained from 186 employees who work in private sector in Turkey and analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results indicated that Social Exchange is positively related with affective commitment and continuance commitment, Economic Exchange was found to be negatively related with affective commitment and positively correlated with continuance commitment.
Türkiye’de Gıda Perakendeciliği Sektöründe Finansal Analiz ve Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÜLKER Yakup , ARSLAN Öznur
Published: October 2020

Çalışma, BIST-Perakende Ticaret Sektöründe işlem gören 3 market zincirinin (BİM, MİGROS, CARREFOURSA) finansal analiz türlerinden oran analizi yöntemiyle finansal performanslarını tespit etmeyi ve market zincirlerinin dönemler bazında finansal performanslarını karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, market zincirlerinin kamuoyuna açıkladığı ve bağımsız denetimden geçmiş 2015-2018 yıllarına ait olan İMKB’de yayımlanmış finansal tabloları kullanılmıştır. Analizi yürütmek için, seçilen firmaların mali tablolarına; likidite, faaliyet, mali yapı ve karlılık oranları uygulanmıştır.
Çalışmanın sonucunda, şirketler karşılaştırıldığında nispi olarak likidite oranı yükseklik düzeyi sıralaması MİGROS, BİM MAĞAZALARI ve CARREFOURSA olarak gerçekleşirken, MİGROS firmasının alacak devir hızı diğer şirketlere kıyasla daha yüksektir. BİM Mağazalarının stok ve aktif devir hızı diğer firmalara göre daha yüksektir ve stoklara daha az fon bağlamıştır. Kısa vadeli borçların vade yapısı bakımından durumu en iyi olan firmanın MİGROS firması olduğu görülmektedir. Kısa vadeli borçlarını karşılama bakımından en zayıf firmanın CARREFOURSA firması olduğu söylenebilir. Faaliyet karlılığı oranı bakımından durumu en iyi olan firma BİM market zinciri olduğu görülmektedir. Net kar oranı bakımından durumu en olumsuz olan firmalar CARREFOURSA ve MİGROS şirketleridir. MİGROS firması (2017 yılı hariç) ile CARREFOURSA firmasının 2015-18 yılları arasında zarar etmiş olması öz kaynak karlılığını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Aktif karlılık oranı en iyi olan firma BİM Marketler zinciridir. Aktif karlılık oranı bakımından durumu en zayıf olan firmanın CARREFOURSA olduğu görülmektedir.
Ülke için vazgeçilmez olan gıda perakendecilik sektörü; bu değerlendirmeler ışığında her ne kadar olumlu yönde gelişme kaydetse de bazı firmalar açısından verimli ve yatırıma elverişli olmasına rağmen bazı firmalar açısından ise yatırıma yönelik olarak verimli bir tablo gerçekleştirememiştir.
Baskıcı ve Dışlayıcı Han Milliyetçiliğinin Doğu Türkistan (Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi)’da Yansımaları
Authors: ŞEKER AYDIN Gülşen , YÜCE Müge
Published: October 2020

Çin Anayasası tarafından ülke içerisinde 56 farklı etnik kökene sahip halkın yaşadığı resmî olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu halklar arasında en yüksek nüfusa sahip etnik azınlıklardan birisi Uygur Türkleri iken beş ayrı özerk bölge içerisinde en geniş alana sahip olanı Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’dir. Sincan’ın zengin doğal kaynaklara sahip olmasının yanında sekiz farklı devlet ile sınırının bulunması bölgeyi Çin için stratejik bir konuma yerleştirmektedir. Bu nedenlerle Sincan, Çin’in ulusal entegrasyon politikalarında çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bölge üzerinde siyasi hâkimiyetin sağlanması yalnızca güvenlik meselesi değildir; aynı zamanda, Çin Komünist Partisi’nin ekonomik ve siyasi meşruiyetini sağlamlaştıracağı bir örnek-olay teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin “ulus-devlet” inşasını sağlamak üzere Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde uyguladığı nüfus, eğitim ve dil politikaları modernite ve milliyetçilik perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Çin’in Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde etnik milliyetçilik anlayışına dayanan politikalar uyguladığı ve bu kapsamda özellikle nüfus, eğitim ve dil politikalarının özgürleştirici ve kapsayıcı değil baskıcı ve dışlayıcı bir güç olarak kullanıldığı ortaya konmuştur.
Girişimciliğin Öteki Yüzü: Başarısız Girişimci Deneyimlerinden Dersler
Authors: KAHYA Vasfi
Published: October 2020

Girişimcilik konusu hem bireyler hem de toplum için çok önemli bir kavramdır. Girişimcilikle ilgili popüler ve akademik çalışmalarda başarı faktörünün üzerinde durulduğu görülmektedir. Ancak istatistikler, ülkemizdeki yeni girişimlerin ciddi oranda başarısızlıkla sonuçlandığını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla başarı kadar başarısızlık da girişimcilikteki önemli kavramlardan birisidir. Girişimcilikte başarısızlık konusu bireysel ve örgütsel düzeyde, objektif ve sübjektif olarak düşünülebilir (Jenkins ve MacKelvie, 2016). Bu çalışmada başarısız olduğunu kendileri ifade eden girişimcilerin videoları içerik analizine tabi tutularak ön plana çıkarılan başarısızlık temaları ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Bu şekilde girişimciliğin ihmal edilen yönlerine ve tersine mantık kullanılarak başarısızlık faktörlerine dikkat çekilecektir. Girişimcilerin başarısız olması mevcut girişimin sona ermesi anlamına gelmekle birlikte girişimcinin daha sonraki girişimlerinde başarılı olduğu çok sayıda örnek mevcuttur. Bu çalışma sonucunda girişimcilerin başarısızlık faktörlerinin girişimcilikte başarı için gerekli olan faktörleri tamamladığı görülmektedir. Başarısızlık hikayeleri hem uygulamada hem de akademik düzeyde öğrenmeye katkı yapabilir.
Siber Saldırı Önlemede Blokzinciri Teknolojisinin Fayda Maliyet Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYDIN Ömer , YUKCU Suleyman
Published: October 2020

İnternetin hayatımızın her alanına girmesi insan yaşamı için birçok kolaylık ve fayda getirmiştir. Öte yandan internet, doğası gereği sorunlar ve tehditleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bireyler bakımından kişisel verilerin izinsiz ele geçirilmesi ve paylaşılması, devlet, şirket ve kurumlar bakımından ise kritik öneme sahip bilgilerin sızdırılması gibi riskler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bireyleri, şirketleri, kurumları ve devletleri zarara uğratmak veya bilgilerini ele geçirmek için sanal ordular kurulmakta, saldırılar düzenlenmektedir. Bu saldırıların en yaygınlarından bir tanesi dağıtık olarak farklı kaynaklardan yapılan hizmet durdurma saldırılarıdır. Blokzinciri teknolojisi her alanda ve durumda uygulanabilir olmasa da belli uygulamalar için uygundur. Dağıtık yapısı ile ciddi avantajlar sunmaktadır. Siber saldırılara karşı kurumların, şirketlerin ve devletlerin maliyetlerini düşürebilecek bir çözüm olarak blokzinciri teknolojisi kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, blokzinciri teknolojisi ve siber saldırılar hakkında teknik bilgiler, yapılmış siber saldırıların ortaya çıkardığı zararlar paylaşılmış ve belli durumlarda bu saldırıların bir kısmını engellemek için kullanılabilecek blokzincirinin maliyet fayda analizi yapılmıştır.
Kişi-Örgüt ve Kişi-İş Uyumunun Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerine Etkisi: Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Authors: CAN Aybüke , KERSE Gökhan
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı kişi-örgüt ve kişi-iş uyumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma bankacılık sektöründe yapılmış ve Karaman il ve ilçe merkezlerindeki 180 banka çalışanından anket tekniği ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu verilerin analizi için SPSS programı kullanılmıştır. Amacı uygun istatistiksel analizler yapıldıktan sonra kişi-örgüt uyumunun ve kişi-iş uyumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Boyutsal düzeyde ise kişi-örgüt uyumu ve kişi-iş uyumu, vatandaşlığa ilişkin centilmenlik-vicdanlılık-sivil erdem davranışlarını güçlendirmiştir. Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışından özgecilik-nezaket ise sadece kişi-örgüt uyumu algısının artmasıyla güçlenmiş, kişi-iş uyumu özgecilik-nezaket davranışını etkilememiştir.
Almanya’da Yaşayan Türklere Yönelik Ayrımcılık ve Dışlanmanın Alman Karikatürlerine Yansıması
Authors: ENSEROV Vefalı , ŞENTÜRK KARA Eylem
Published: October 2020

1961 yılından itibaren misafir işçi olarak Almanya’ya giden ve ülkede en büyük göçmen grubunu oluşturan Türkler, zaman içinde bu ülkeyi ikinci vatan olarak kabul etmeye başlamıştır. Aradan geçen 60 yıl içerisinde Türklerin Alman toplumuna entegrasyonu konusu sürekli olarak Alman kamuoyunda gündeme gelmiş, ayrımcılık ve paralel toplum gibi konular çok tartışılmıştır. Özellikle 2010 yılında Alman Sosyal Demokrat Partisi üyesi Thilo Sarrazin’in piyasaya çıkardığı ve göçmenlerle ilgili ırkçı ifadeler içeren “Almanya Kendini Yok Ediyor” kitabının ardından bu tartışmalar daha fazla alevlenmiştir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Almanya’da yaşayan Türklerin ayrımcılık ve dışlanma bağlamında Alman karikatürlerine nasıl yansıtıldığını tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda Alman basınında yayınlanmış olan ve Türkiye’den Almanya’ya yapılan göçün 50. yıldönümünde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluklar Başkanlığı tarafından düzenlenen “50 Yıl 50 Karikatür: Alman Karikatüristlerinin Gözüyle Türkler” adlı sergide sergilenen bazı karikatürler, arasından ayrımcılıkla ilgili olanlar amaçlı örneklemle seçilerek incelenmiştir. Karikatürler analiz edilirken göstergebilimsel çözümleme ve eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
Heat-sensitive poly-acrylamide nanoparticle for cancer treatment
Authors: d'Amora Marta , Colucci Patrizia , Usai Alice , Landi Elena , Deleye Lieselot , Dente Luciana , De Angelis Francesco , Raffa Vittoria , Tantussi Francesco
Published: October 2020

Several nanomedicine-based platforms, including polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes, have been developed and explored for targeted delivery of therapeutics in cancer. These nanoparticles are capable of delivering selectively antineoplastic agents to the tumor, reduce the untoward toxicity, and improve the therapeutic effect. In the present study, we propose new thermosensitive polyacrylamide-based nanoparticles as polymer-based drug carriers. Polyacrylamide has a controllable swelling temperature, which enables a rapid release of an encapsulated drug above certain temperatures. PAA-NP was synthesized then functionalized with folic acid to improve selective targeting. Then doxorubicin, an antineoplastic agent, was encapsulated inside of the polymeric core. Our data show that these nanoparticles have a sol-gel transition temperature of 41°C. We investigated the effects of the folic acid functionalized PAA nanoparticles on HeLa cells both in vitro and in vivo, and on zebrafish larvae xenografted with human pancreatic cancer cell line Mia Paca-2. Functionalized NPs were internalized in a short time by the cancer cells, mainly localizing in the lysosomes. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies indicated high viability of cells treated with functionalized nanoparticles encapsulating doxorubicin by signaling a minor release of doxorubicin at physiological temperatures. Conversely, at the temperature of 41 °C, they trigger apoptosis of the xenografted cells, resulting in a strong arrest of the increase of the tumor area. Our results suggest that the heat-activated DOX:PAA-NP-FA could be used to implement combined therapies for the local treatment of solid cancers.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Status in the Term Newborns and Their Clinical and Other Laboratory Correlates
Authors: Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Jahan Ismat , Mkh Shabuj , Shaha Chandan Kumar , Chowdhury Suparna , Naznin Lubna , Rahman Kazi Monisur , M Shahidullah
Published: October 2020

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in man. Though G6PD deficiency affects every cell in the body, its primary effects are hematological.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the G6PD enzyme concentration and deficiency states among the term newborns, to see the impact of the enzyme status with development of neonatal jaundice and to delineate any correlation of the G6PD with other hematological values.

Materials and Method: Total 100 term newborns were enrolled in the study. Umbilical cord blood sample from the placental end were collected for G6PD enzyme assay, blood counts including reticulocyte count, blood indices and bilirubin estimation. Clinical and other relevant data were collected. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 19.0 version.

Results: Overall G6PD activity was detected 9.86 ± 1.68 U/g Hb and no G6PD enzyme deficiency state was identified. There were no statistically significant differences in the hematological parameters and cord blood bilirubin concentration between male and females. But females have significantly higher G6PD enzyme concentration than males (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in the enzyme concentration in different gestational age groups. There was significant negative correlation between G6PD enzyme and hemoglobin levels, G6PD enzyme concentration with HCT and MCV values.

Conclusion: This study could not identify any G6PD deficiency state. So further large scale community-based study is needed to validate this finding and also establish the normal G6PD enzyme concentration in the population of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :18-23
Efficacy of Nebulized Magnesium Sulphate in the Treatment of Acute Bronchial Asthma Compared to Nebulized Salbutamol: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sarmin Zannat Ul , Anwar Sayeeda , Khan Tafazzal Hossain , Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Khanam Rokeya , Baki Shah Abdullah Al
Published: October 2020

Background: Nebulized salbutamol is commonly used in treatment of asthma in children. The use of nebulized MgSO4 is one of the different treatment options available during acute exacerbation.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of nebulized MgSO4 with nebulized salbutamol in the treatment of acute asthma in children.

Materials and method: This randomized controlled study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital between January to December 2016. Children of 7-12 years with acute exacerbation of asthma were randomized into study group-A (MgSO4 group, n=30) and control group-B (Salbutamol group, n=30). Children of both groups were treated with serial nebulization thrice at 20 minute intervals by either 2.4 ml (4% MgSO4, 96 mg) or salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg minimum 2.5 mg) with 2.5 ml of isotonic normal saline.

Results: The mean final PEFR were not different between the two groups (275.0±41.42 L/min in MgS04 group and 263±36.17 L/min in salbutamol group). The increase in PEF was statistically significant and comparable in both groups (by 35.1% in the MgS04 group and by 42.1% in the salbutamol group). Fischl score improvement was comparable and significant in both groups (4.31 to 0.43 in MgS04 group and 4.29 to 0.76 in salbutamol group). Statistically significant increase in oxygen saturation and reduction of heart rate was found in MgS04 group without any side effects. Nebulized MgSO4 was found having significant bronchodilator effect which is comparable to salbutamol.

Conclusion: Nebulized MgS04 was found equally effective as nebulized salbutamol in the treatment of severe acute asthma in children.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :24-29
Platelet Indices As Markers For Remission In ALL During Induction of Remission: An Experience of 52 Cases
Authors: Khan Masuma , Morshed AKM Amirul , Ahmed Taslim Uddin , Khan Hakimul Haque , Ahmed Ashraf Uddin , Roy Sudipta , Kabir ARM Luthful
Published: October 2020

Background: Platelet indices (plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and Platelet count) are potentially useful markers for the early diagnosis and outcome of many diseases. Platelet indices could serve as surrogate marker for remission in patients with ALL.

Objective: To observe change of platelet indices in ALL during induction of remission.

Material & Methods: This observational study was carried out with 52 newly diagnosed ALL patients ranging from 1.5 to 12 years admitted at DMCH, from January to December 2015. Platelet indices such as plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet count (PLT) were monitored from admission to induction of remission phase of chemotherapy and were analyzed.

Result: Mean PLT was found 93442.3±29966.4 cmm before treatment, 137442.3±27217.9 cmm in 1st week and 231653.8±42543.5 cmm in 4th week. Mean PCT was found 0.09±0.11% before treatment, 0.16±0.11% in 1st week and 0.25±0.18 % in 4th week. Both PLT & PCT was increased significantly during induction of remission after one and four weeks. Mean PDW was found 13.1±3.9 fl before treatment, 12.9±3.5 fl in 1st week and 12.0±3.1 fl in 4th week. MPV was found 10.6±2.1 fl before treatment, 11.0±1.4 fl in 1st week and 10.7±1.4 fl in 4th week. The change of MPV & PDW were not statistically significant when compared with that of before treatment.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that among four important platelet indices, PLT and PCT were significantly associated with remission in ALL during induction of remission.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :34-39
Nevus of Ota: The Unusual Birthmarks: A Case Report
Authors: Begum Tamanna , Rai Punam , Kaur Gursharan , Islam Rafiqul , Kadir Sadika
Published: October 2020

Nevus of Ota is a benign congenital melanosis bulbi. It is a rare entity, commonly seen in female. It occurs among Asians and Africans. It mainly involves the eye, skin and ear. It is predominantly unilateral but could be bilateral. Typical clinical manifestation was present in our case, however, biopsy is the investigation of choice. There is no specific treatment but ophthalmological and dermatological intervention can be opted. Outcome is remarkably good. Here we reported a case of a child with Nevus of Ota who was primarily admitted at paediatric department with enteric fever. We managed her conservatively and followed up in specific department.

Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (1) :60-63
Povidone Iodine as Sclerotherapy Into the Renal Pelvis for the Management of Chyluria: Our Experience
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur , Aziz Mohammad Abdul , Chowdhury Atm Mowladad , Hasan Mirza Mahbubul , Happy Nurun Nahar , Mahjabeen Tasneem
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 0.2% povidone iodine renal pelvic instillation as minimally invasive therapy for chyluria resistant to conservative treatment.
Methods: From July 2015 to December 2016, 9 patients with chyluria were treated. There were 2 males and 7 females ranging from 30-65 years of age. Cystoscopic localization of chylous efflux was done. On a day care basis under local anesthesia a 5 Fr open ended ureteric catheter was introduced on the affected side. Freshly prepared 10 ml 0.2% Povidone iodine solution was instilled as a sclerosing agent in the renal pelvis. A total of 3 doses were given at 8-hour intervals. Unilateral instillation was done in 8 cases, and bilateral instillation was done in 1 patient.
Result: Eight of 9 patients showed complete clearance. In 1 patient, recurrence was noted and a repeat injection was given after 4 weeks, with success.
Conclusion: Our experience shows that povidone iodine is a safe and effective sclerosing agent in the management of chyluria
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2017 p.78-81
Role of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) - Should it Be Withdrawn from Market of Bangladesh due to Threat of being Misuses
Authors: Rahman Maksudur , Mamun Mohammad Abdullah Al , Chowdhury MAK Azad , Munsi Abu Sayeed
Published: October 2020

Background: Recently it has been apprehended that sildenafil, a drug which has been successfully using in the treatment of PPHN and erectile dysfunction in adult, is going to be withdrawn from the market of Bangladesh due to threat of its misuses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to see the extent of uses of sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN and importance of availability of this drugs in the market inspite of its probable misuses. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), special baby care unit (SCABU) and cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from June, 2017 to May 2018. Neonates with PPHN were enrolled in the study. All cases were treated with oral sildenefil for PPHN along with others management according to hospital protocol. Data along with other parameters were collected and analyzed.

Results: Total 320 patients with suspected PPHN were admitted during the study period. Among them 92 (29%) cases had PPHN. Male were 49(53 %) cases and female were 43(47%) cases. Mean age at hospital admission was 29.7±13.4 hours. Based on echocardiography,13(14%) cases had mild, 38 (41%) cases moderate and 41(45%) cases severe PPHN. Mean duration of sildenafil therapy was 11.9±7.1 days. Improved from PPHN were 83 (90%) cases. Mortality was 10% (9).

Conclusion: In this study it was found that the incidence of PPHN is 29% among the suspected newborns. Sildenafil is successfull in improving the oxygenation of PPHN and to decrease the mortality of neonates.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 100-104
Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: An Experience of 7 Years in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir SM Rashed Zahangir , Akhtar Md Waheed , Yasmin Farida
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Germ cell tumors are a group of tumors with different clinical presentation and histological and biological characteristics. Malignant germ cell tumors occur at all ages with a trend of bimodal distribution in infancy and adolescence.

Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, distribution of different types of germ cell tumor, treatment modalities and outcome of germ cell tumor in children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding age and sex distribution, location, types of tumors, management of germ cell tumor in children were retrieved from the medical records of pediatric oncology department in NICRH, Dhaka from 2008 to 2014.

Results: Out of total 87 patients female were 50 and male 37. Most of the patients were up to 5 years of age. The gonadal germ cell tumors (80%) were more than extragonadal tumor (20%) in both male and female patients. The most common germ cell tumor was dysgerminoma (32%) followed by yolk sac tumor (29.8%) and teratoma (19.5%). Yolk Sac Tumor (51.4%) was the most common in male and dysgerminoma (56%) the commonest in female. Out of 87, seventy two (82.7%) received chemotherapy following surgery. Among those 72 patients who received chemotherapy 49 (68 %) patients completed their treatment. Until the last follow up 71.4% patients remained alive and tumor free.

Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are the most variable tumor of all childhood malignancies that has difference in age, sex, location and histological subtypes. Gonadal tumors have better prognosis than extragonadal tumors in both the sex.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 119-122
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Neonatal Septicemia Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Hossain Md Mosharaf , Mohammad Yusuf Mir , Md Kamrunzzaman - , Rahman Maksudur , Alam Md Jahangir
Published: October 2020

Background: Septicemia in neonates refers to bacterial infection documented by positive blood culture in the first four weeks of life and is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Objective: To isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents responsible for neonatal sepsis and to determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates in A NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the NICU from July 2018 to December 2018. Two hundred ninty blood samples were collected and processed from patients in accordance with standard protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done.

Results: Blood culture reports were positive in 9.31% cases. Among the culture positive cases, there were 65.5% males and 34.5% females. Early onset sepsis was present in 74.8% and late onset sepsis was observed in 25.2% of the cases. Best overall sensitivity among Gram negative (Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas) isolates was to netilmycin (61%), followed by ceftazidim (57%) and amikacin (56%).Gram positive (Staphylococci, streptococci) isolates had sensitivity of 50% to levofloxacin, 50% to ceftriaxon.

Conclusion: Gram negative organisms are the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in this study and most of them are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Therefore the results of this study suggest that, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in our hospital is necessary.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 130-134
Detorsion Plus Tunica Vaginalis Flap Coverage in the Management of Ischemic Testis Following Torsion: Experience in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital
Authors: Ali Md Ayub , Md Hasanuzzaman - , Palit Paritosh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background: Testicular torsion leads to devastating consequences in young boys, about 42% undergo an Orchiectomy resulting in reduced fertility, testicular hormonal dysfunction and psychological trauma.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the testicular salvage rate after detorsion plus tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage with orchiopexy.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted from January 2016 to December 2017. Data were collected from operation theater and surgery ward register. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Continuous data were presented as mean ± SD and categorical data were presented as percentage. Results: Total numbers of patients were 15. Most of the patients presented after 24 hours. Rate of atrophy of testis after orchiopexy was higher in patients presented after 24 hours. Only 4 patients had recognizable testicular atrophy. Surgical site infection was not present in this study. Conclusion: Tunica albuginea incision with tunica vaginalis flap coverage after detorsion with orchiopexy provides more salvage rate in the management of ischemic testis following torsion.

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 141-144
Postgraduate courses/training in paediatrics and child health Vol 35(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2020

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 189-191
Urakehitysteorian evoluutio
Authors: Robbins Paula I.
Published: October 2020

Artikkeli on katsaus yhdysvaltalaiseen uratutkimukseen ja ammatinvalinnanohjauksessa käytettyjen testien kehitykseen. Artikkelissa esitellään aikuisiin kohdistuneita sosiologisia ja psykologisia tutkimuksia sekä uravalinnan teorioita.
Ihmisen olemisesta
Authors: Ketonen Oiva
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan ihmisen olemusta kasvatustoiminnan lähtökohtana. Huomiota kiinnitetään luovuuteen, omakohtaisen maailmankatsomuksen muodostamisen tärkeyteen sekä tarkastellaan eskapismin eri muotoja. Artikkelissa arvioidaan myös kasvatustieteen tehtäviä ja aikuiskasvatuksen tavoitteita.
High dose aripiprazole – clinical use
Authors: Juryk Andrzej , Dudek Dominika
Published: October 2020

Aripiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic medication, with a dual mechanism of antagonist and agonist on the receptors D2. Despite the fact that it has been present on the Polish market for over a dozen years, and for several years in the form of the long-acting injections, for many doctors, it is not the drug of the first choice in the first episode of psychosis or mania, especially with accompanying psychomotor agitation. It also has an unjust opinion that it can exacerbate psychotic symptoms or increase agitation and the risk of aggression. However, it is more often used as a second-line drug in the presence of metabolic disorders or hyperprolactinaemia, as well as in the case of persistent negative symptoms. Multiple studies and meta-analyses suggest no benefit from aripi­prazole doses above 20 mg/day, but registered dosages are as high as 30 mg/day. This article aims to provide an overview of the available data and clinical cases with higher doses, i.e. above 15 aripiprazole per day, which may be useful in the treatment of manic episodes and some cases of schizophrenia, among others.
Airflow Simulation inside the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Ahmadi Milad , Zuber Mohammad , Abdul Khader S.M.
Published: October 2020

Filtration of particulate matters in the human nose depends on the Individual aspects of the nasal cavity such as the geometry and flow rate collectively. To better understand the physiology of the nose, a 3D computational model of a human nasal cavity was developed based on the computed tomography (CT) scans of a healthy female. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to analyze the velocity patterns for laminar flow rates of 7.5L/min and 15L/min and the differences were explored and analyzed.
The Effects of EDTA on Lead Accumulation in Tissues of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: KARAYAKAR Fahri , YAVUZ Adeviye , CİCİK Bedii
Published: October 2020

This study was intended to determine the lead accumulation levels in liver, gill, kidney, brain, and muscle tissues of Clarias gariepinus (African sharp tooth catfish) under the sole effect of lead (1.0 and 2.0 ppm) and combined with EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) (2.0 and 4.0 ppm) for 7, 15, and 30 days. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine tissue lead levels, and the SPSS package program was used for statistical evaluation of the experimental data. No mortality was observed in fish over the time periods of the experiments, and concentrations were determined with lead only and with lead together with EDTA. At the end of the experimental periods, the presence of lead increased the metal accumulation in the tissues and organs examined when compared to the control, and, in terms of accumulation, a relationship was determined between the tissues in the order of gill > kidney >liver > brain > muscle. The effect of lead together with EDTA was reduced lead accumulation in tissues and organs when compared to the effect of lead only.
CHALLENGES OF USING PREFABRICATION TECHNOLOGY IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE
Authors: Girma Sisay , Chimdi Jifara , Mosisa Alemu
Published: October 2020

The prefabricated construction method is the most practical and effective construction in the industry today in the world. It is widely considered a sustainable approach to the construction industry. However, in Ethiopia, particularly in Oromia it is not further growing where the construction method is a conventional method. The main aim of this research was to investigate the challenges of using prefabrication technology in Oromia Regional State. The results of this data show that the challenges of using prefabrication technology in Oromia Regional State mainly depends on factors such as Lack of suitable transportation, Lack of a synergetic information platform, Lack of practice and experience. Generally, the research concluded that lack of suitable transportation, lack of synergetic information platform, lack of practice and experience, and unintegrated industry chain were the major factor challenges of using prefabrication technology
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF TRIP MAKING CHARACTERISTICS IN ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oluwaseun Aderinlewo Olufikayo
Published: October 2020

In this study, the trip making characteristics in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria are descriptively analysed. The city was divided into nine zones out of which 1,597 households were interviewed out of a total population of 15,945 households Trips generated and attracted to each zone of the city of Ado-Ekiti for business and non-business purposes were determined. The relationship between the number of trips generated and land use factors were also determined. The effects of income on car ownership and the effects of both on trip making pattern were established while trips were accrued to various modes of transport in the city. The study showed that land-use is the main factor responsible for trips production and attraction. It was established that commercial zones attracted the highest number of trips generated per week for both business and non-business trips while high and medium residential zones produced the highest number of business and non-business trips. In contrast, public zone produced the lowest number of business and non-business trips. Finally, the study shows that income is directly proportional to car ownership and that both income and car ownership have considerable effects on trip generation.