bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Królewskie rządy Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej w Polsce
Authors: Ożóg Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Artykuł prezentuje problem rządów Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej w Polsce i jej udział w prowadzeniu polityki międzynarodowej Królestwa. Jadwiga od koronacji (16 października 1384) posiadała pełnię władzy i sprawowała samodzielnie rządy przy wsparciu polskich dostojników świeckich i duchownych. Po zawarciu małżeństwa z Władysławem Jagiełłą i jego koronacji nastąpiły współrządy pary królewskiej. Jadwiga jako dziedzic tronu zachowała wszystkie prawa królewskie i angażowała się w sprawy wewnętrzne Królestwa. Królowa w szczególny sposób zajmowała się stosunkami Polski z Królestwem Węgierskim i państwem zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach. Doprowadziła do restytucji Rusi Czerwonej, a po śmierci siostry Marii podkreślała swoje prawa do tronu w Budzie. Starała się o utrzymanie pokojowych relacji z państwem krzyżackim i domagała się zwrotu ziemi dobrzyńskiej, była też skutecznym mediatorem w dynastycznych konfliktach wewnętrznych na Litwie.
Czy królowa może osiągnąć chrześcijańską doskonałość? Duchowe porady Henryka Bitterfelda z Brzegu dla królowej Jadwigi z Listu dedykacyjnego traktatu „O życiu kontemplacyjnym i czynnym”
Authors: Zajchowska-Bołtromiuk Anna
Published: January 2025

Henryk Bitterfeld z Brzegu dedykował swój traktat „O życiu kontemplacyjnym i czynnym” królowej Jadwidze, odpowiadając na jej pragnienie dążenia do chrześcijańskiej doskonałości. Celem niniejszego artykułu było ustalenie jak sam Bitterfeld ową doskonałość pojmował i czy widział szansę, by stała się ona udziałem polskiej królowej. Odpowiedź na te pytania wpisuje się w kontekst toczących się w XIV wieku dyskusji wokół roli świeckich w Kościele. Wobec kryzysu papiestwa, a szerzej kościelnej hierarchii świeccy zaczęli domagać się podmiotowego traktowania i szukali własnej drogi do pełni chrześcijańskiego życia. W świetle przeprowadzonych analiz Bitterfeld jawi się jako teolog wierny tradycyjnemu pojmowaniu chrześcijańskiej doskonałości, zakorzenionym w teologii św. Tomasza z Akwinu. W jego pismach można jednak dostrzec wpływ środowiska praskiego i nurtów reformatorskich, gdy zachęca on świeckich, w tym polską królową, do wcielanie w życie, w granicach nakreślonych przez ich miejsce w Kościele i obowiązki ich stanu, modelu praktykowanego przez mendykantów, którego sercem jest „vita mixta”, łącząca życie czynne i kontemplacyjne.
Dzieje wawelskiego grobu królowej Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej okiem archeologa
Authors: Niemiec Dariusz
Published: January 2025

W artykule szczegółowej analizie poddano najstarsze przekazy pisane oraz wyniki badań archeologicznych dotyczące przekształceń grobu królowej Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej, które miały miejsce w epoce przed beatyfikacją i kanonizacją pierwszej małżonki Władysława Jagiełły. W wyniku tej analizy należy uznać, że doczesne szczątki królowej Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej wraz z córeczką Elżbietą-Bonifacją musiały być pierwotnie, tj. 19 lipca 1399 roku, pochowane pod posadzką w podwyższonej lewej partii gotyckiego prezbiterium katedry krakowskiej i przykryte płaską płytą nagrobną wpuszczoną w poziom posadzki, którą ze względu na napór pielgrzymów już przed 1426 rokiem musiano odgrodzić i otoczyć żelazną kratą.
Szesnasto- i siedemnastowieczne piśmiennictwo polskie o św. Jadwidze Królowej. Kształt i bezdroża
Authors: Bruździński Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Wieki XVI i XVII w dziejach Europy i Polski były trudnymi czasami, naznaczonymi wielorakimi przemianami. Uwidoczniły się one także w historiografii, która wpływała na kształt opowieści o minionych czasach. Artykuł analizuje wypowiedzi różnych polskich historyków na temat ­XIV­-wiecznej królowej Polski – Jadwigi, córki Ludwika Węgierskiego, fundatorki Uniwersytetu Krakowskiego, jak też świętej. Pomimo upływu wieków żyła ona w pamięci profesorów Uniwersytetu, środowisku związanym z katedrą wawelską (gdzie została pogrzebana) i jej kapitułą. Nie pomijali jej wspomnienia historycy opisujący dzieje Polski. Wszyscy wspomniani kronikarze i historycy podkreślali ważną rolę polityczną i religijną królowej, wskazując jej szczególne cnoty. Postać Jadwigi stała się dla twórców wspomnianych wieków symbolem idealnego, dalekowzrocznego władcy, pobożności i mądrości, co miało także wpływ na kształtowanie się świadomości historycznej i kulturowej Polski tamtego okresu.
Starania kard. Karola Wojtyły o uznanie kultu królowej Jadwigi sprawowanego „od niepamiętnych czasów” (1967–1974)
Authors: Urban Jacek
Published: January 2025

Pierwszy proces krakowski w sprawie beatyfikacji królowej Jadwigi Andegaweńskiej (1374–1399) zakończył się w 1950 roku przekazaniem akt do watykańskiej Kongregacji Obrzędów. Proces prowadzono drogą zwyczajną „super fama virtutum et miraculorum”. W ocenie komisji historycznej Kongregacji Obrzędów przeprowadzenie procesu drogą zwyczajną wymagało wielu źródeł, co nie jest łatwe do wykazania w przypadku kandydata na ołtarze żyjącego w odległej przeszłości. Podjęto próby uzupełnienia dokumentacji, ale daremne.Strona watykańska postulowała, żeby raczej obrać drogę wykazania kultu „od niepamiętnych czasów”. Tę ideę podjął ks. kard. Karol Wojtyła w 1967 roku. Do przeprowadzenia kwerend w archiwach europejskich wyznaczył archiwistę z Archiwum Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie ks. Czesława Skowrona, a Wydziałowi Duszpasterskiemu Kurii Metropolitalnej w Krakowie polecił przeprowadzić badania ankietowe we wszystkich diecezjach polskich na temat wizerunków królowej Jadwigi czczonych w kościołach. Kwerendy przeprowadzone przez ks. Skowrona doprowadziły do odkrycia wielu nieznanych dokumentów, a wyniki ankiet wykazały obecność około 150 wizerunków królowej Jadwigi w kościołach, z czego połowa przedstawiała ją z aureolą nad głową. Zebrane dane zostały zestawione przez dr Małgorzatę Matusek. Na początku 1974 roku kard. Wojtyła na podstawie opracowanego materiału ogłosił, że królowa Jadwiga w każdym stuleciu była czczona jak święta. Ta deklaracja była ważnym punktem odniesienia dla dalszego procedowania sprawy jej beatyfikacji. Nie byłoby to wtedy możliwe bez determinacji i zaangażowania kard. Wojtyły.
Transnational Islamic Movement: The Da’wah Movement of Salafism in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Muhammad Alifuddin  , Iye Risman , Rusnam  , Fithriyah Inda Nur Abida
Published: January 2025

This article reports on research conducted through observations, document studies, and in-depth interviews, with several Salafi activists in Southest Sulawesi regarding the strategy of da’wah movement. Using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach, this study has revealed that the traces of salafism in Southeast Sulawesi began in 1998 when a number of Middle Eastern alumni from this area returned and became agents of spreading the idea of salafism in Southeast Sulawesi. Furthermore, the growth of Salafi communities is attributed to effective institutional management, particularly their ability to mobilize  da’wah resources and establish communication with external parties. However, other Salafi communities tend to remain rigid, prioritizing stability and consistency in adhering to the manhaj sunnah.
"EN PRENSA" Tortillas funcionales elaboradas a base de maíz azul, mezquite y cálices de jamaica "EN PRENSA"
Authors: Gutiérrez Dorado Roberto
Published: January 2025

En México, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la diabetes mellitus y los tumores cancerosos son las principales causas de muerte. Una opción viable para minimizar el efecto nocivo de estas enfermedades es el consumo de granos integrales y partes comestibles de plantas, solas o en combinación, por ejemplo, la mezcla de maíz azul, mezquite y cálices de Jamaica, en la elaboración de alimentos funcionales; esto, debido a sus altos contenidos de compuestos bioactivos. En esta investigación se desarrolló una mezcla compuesta optimizada de harinas de maíz azul extrudido (EBCF), vainas de mezquite fermentado-extrudido (FEMPF) y cálices de jamaica (HCF) para elaborar tortillas funcionales. Se usó un diseño experimental L-Optimal, se probaron 16 mezclas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de las tres harinas. Se optimizó la mezcla para obtener tortillas con las mejores características nutracéuticas (contenidos altos de compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas, flavonoides, actividad antioxidante) y aceptabilidad sensorial adecuada. La mezcla optimizada consistió en 82.8% HMAE, 10% HVMFE y 7.2% HJ. Las tortillas producidas con esta mezcla mostraron altos valores de compuestos fenólicos totales (3,559 mg eq. de ácido gálico/100g), antocianinas (11.7 mg eq. de cianidina 3-glucósido/100g), flavonoides (37.7 mg eq. de catequina/100g) y actividad antioxidante (5,912 µmol eq. de Trolox/100g) y una aceptabilidad sensorial ubicada entre me gusta ligeramente y moderadamente en una escala hedónica de once puntos. Estas tortillas funcionales representan una estrategia novedosa para reducir las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en México.
Sujetos de derecho internacional público
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Acevedo Cruz Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2025

En el marco internacional, los sujetos de Derecho Internacional Público (DIP) son aquellos entes que tienen la capacidad jurídica de crear y exigir derechos y obligaciones. Estos permiten la puesta en marcha y dan vida al DIP, y crean su orden jurídico internacional mediante tratados, convenciones y acuerdos. A su vez, regulan las relaciones entre ellos mismos y crean las condiciones que cada uno hará respetar. Esta nota de clase le permite al estudiante identificar y diferenciar cada uno de los sujetos de DIP y sus características principales. Si bien el Estado es el sujeto más reconocido globalmente, no podemos desvalorar el resto de los sujetos y su ámbito de interacción internacional. La creación y aplicación de normas, la resolución de controversias, la protección de derechos y la promoción de cooperación son algunas de las contribuciones con las que cumplen mundialmente los sujetos de DIP. En definitiva, los sujetos de DIP son fichas primordiales del sistema jurídico internacional. Su presencia y contribución son esenciales para avalar el orden, la paz, la justicia y la cooperación en el ámbito internacional.
Dinâmica de divulgação dos principais assuntos de auditoria no Brasil e em Portugal
Authors: Dal Bem Venturini Lauren , Agostini Elis Carlot , Bianchi Márcia
Published: January 2025

O estudo analisa os Principais Assuntos de Auditoria (PAA) reportados pelos auditores independentes nas companhias não financeiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores Brasileira e na Euronext Lisbon de 2016 a 2021. Para tanto, em uma amostra de 460 companhias, realizou-se análise de conteúdo por sentença do conteúdo informacional de 4.733 PAA de 1.775 Relatórios de Auditoria Independente (RAI), aglutinando-os em categorias, até o menor nível possível: i) 25 itens do Ibracon (2017; 2018); ii) 6 classes da ACCA (2018); e iii) 2 itens de risco de Sierra-García et al. (2019) e Lennox et al. (2022). Ainda, por meio da análise descritiva, examinou-se o total de PAA por ano, setor, firma de auditoria, ciclo de vida e adição/eliminação. Os resultados indicam: média de 3 PAA por companhia; elevação de 2016 a 2017 e queda de 2017 a 2021, implicando anualmente mais exclusão do que adição; as big four auditaram a maior parte da amostra; mais PAA em empresas no ciclo de vida de maturidade; e o conteúdo substancialmente sobre riscos dos demonstrativos financeiros. Essas evidências permitem às partes interessadas no RAI compreenderem que há tendência nos PAA divulgados de quantidade e conteúdo informacional, sendo relativamente sobre aspectos financeiros subjetivos, complexos e desafiadores que demandam envolvimento dos auditores.
Promoting Accessibility and Equity in Social Work Education : Measures to Develop Forms of Outreach, Access and Support During Studies for Migrants
Authors: Virtanen Aija
Published: January 2025

The education and labour markets have become segregated. Migrants find it difficult to find employment in specialist jobs in the healthcare and social welfare sector that require a university degree and are linguistically demanding. Particularly in social work, the need for a diverse workforce has been recognised: workers should be more representative of the population and respond to the needs of an increasingly diverse client base. The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Jyväskylä seeks to promote educational equity and to find ways to increase the representation of migrants in Finnish-medium social work degree programmes. This survey examines (a) how to better reach migrants to engage them in social work degree programmes, (b) how to improve access to degree programmes and (c) what kind of support should be offered to migrants during their studies. The survey proposes measures to promote accessibility and equity in social work degree programmes. While this survey focuses on a specific area of education, accessibility and equity issues concern the whole university field, which must be able to serve increasingly diverse groups of applicants and students. The results indicate that the marketing of social work degree programmes needs to be more clearly targeted at migrants: the recognition of social work needs to be increased, and the narratives of migrants’ careers and studies need to be shared across multiple channels and languages to make the pathways to university studies appear more accessible. New solutions are also needed to enable equitable access to degree programmes. When communicating about application and admission practices, linguistic accessibility should be considered. Similarly, the ongoing entrance examination reform should ensure cooperation with language, assessment and testing experts. Migrants should be offered the opportunity to be granted extra time in entrance examinations, so that they can compete with native speakers in student admissions. To improve conditions for equitable access, a dedicated admission path to a bachelor’s and master’s degree programme or a master’s degree programme must be established for migrants. As part of this, the linguistic accessibility of admission criteria and methods should be developed. The needs for linguistic support should be identified at the beginning of studies and appropriate language learning paths should be planned. Improving the accessibility of content studies requires a language-aware approach that integrates language and content, which, in turn, calls for the development of staff competence and resources for training and the consolidation of practices. A prerequisite for the targeting of these measures is the identifiability of migrants at universities. Overall, the promotion of educational accessibility requires addressing the issues of outreach, access and support during studies in parallel.
Yeni Moda: Türkiye’de Bekârlığa Veda Partisi Kutlamaları
Authors: Solmaz Fatih , Bektaş Ahmet
Published: January 2025

Evlilik öncesi geçiş törenleri arasında yer alan bekârlığa veda partileri, Batı toplumlarında görülen kutlamalardır. XIX. yüzyılda Avrupa ve Amerika kıtalarında ortaya çıkan ve günümüzde geleneksel nişan/kına törenlerinin yerini almaya başlayan partiler, zaman içerisinde Türkiye’de de yayılmaya, kutlanmaya başlanmıştır. Söz konusu partiler düğün törenlerinin bir parçası olup daha çok gelin ile nedimeleri, damat ile akranları arasında düzenlenmektedir. Bu eğlencelerin öne çıkan özellikleri bireysel hazza, sınırsız eğlenceye, lüks tüketime ve modaya dayanmasıdır. Bekârlığa veda partisi evlenmeden önce eğlenmek, sosyalleşmek, toplumsal baskılardan kurtulmak, hoşça vakit geçirmek amacıyla kutlanmaktadır. Bu partiler, sunduğu eğlence aktivitelerinin yanı sıra süsleme, fotoğrafçılık, giyim-tasarım, yiyecek-içecek, aksesuar gibi pek çok organizasyon sektörünün ortaya çıkmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Bir yandan çağdaş, lüks eğlence sektörünü besleyen bekârlığa veda partileri, yeni iş kolları ve istihdam alanları yaratırken diğer yandan da moda haline gelerek geleneksel toplumların eğlence tarzlarını değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden veri analizi tercih edilmiştir, yapılan görüşmelerden ve dijital ortamdan alınan verilerden hareketle bekârlığa veda partileri incelenmiştir. Günümüzde moda haline gelen ve süratle yayılan bu partilerin geleneksel eğlence tarzlarında, özellikle de kına gecelerinde nasıl ve ne şekilde değişikliğe neden olacağı açıklanmıştır. Yapmış olduğumuz çalışma bekârlığa veda partilerinin sadece geleneksel eğlence tarzını değiştirmekle kalmayıp müzikten giyim-kuşama, yiyecek ve içeceklerden oynanan oyunlara, geleneksel mekândan farklı konsept tasarımına kadar pek çok dönüşüme neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca TikTok, İnstagram, Facebook, gibi gösterime dayalı dijital platformların etkisiyle bekârlığa veda partilerinin, geleneksel kına gecelerinin yerini almaya başladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Muzaffer İzgü’nün “Ekmek Parası” Romanında Hayat Mücadelesi ve Bir Çocuk Karakter: Kemal
Authors: Karabulut Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Muzaffer İzgü, çocuk edebiyatının önemli isimlerindendir. Yoksul bir ailenin üyesi olarak hayata başlayan yazar, çocukluk yıllarında birçok işte çalışır. O, birçok eserinde çocukluk yıllarına dair anılarından yararlanır. Muzaffer İzgü’nün Ekmek Parası adlı eserinde de çocukluk yıllarının yansımaları görülür. Başkişi Kemal’in babasının adı Ahmet, annesininki ise Havva’dır. Bu isimler yazarın babasıyla annesinin ismiyle aynıdır. Eserdeki Kemal de bir bakıma yazarın kendisidir. Kemal; annesi, babası ve ağabeyiyle yaşayan yoksul bir ailenin çocuğudur. Ailece en küçük mutluluklardan bir zevk almaktadırlar. Aile, yoksul olmasına rağmen isyan etmez, aksine zorluklarla mücadele eder. Pek sağlam olmayan eski bir kiralık evde otururlar. Kemal’in babası Ahmet Efendi, çoğu zaman işsizdir. O, gece bekçiliği, garsonluk vb. işlerde çalışır. Kemal hastalanınca annesi ve babası onu sırtlarında hastaneye götürürler. Annesi Havva Hanım, temizlik işleri yapar. Ağabeyi Ali de ailesine yardım için sürekli çalışır. Kemal’in okula gidecek bir ayakkabısı bile yoktur. Kemal, annesinin parası olmadığı için bir iş bulup çalışarak balon almak ister. Kemal, naneşekeri, limonata ve darı satarak ekmek parası kazanmak ister. Şiddetli yağan yağmurda evleri yıkılınca mücadeleyi yine bırakmazlar ve bir gecekondu yaparlar. Bu makalede amaç, Ekmek Parası adlı romanın başkişisi olan Kemal’in sorunlarla mücadele etme gücünü ortaya koymaktır.
Gudea Dönemi Tanrılarının İkonografisi
Authors: Kutlu Alancı Hilal
Published: January 2025

Gudea, İkinci Ur Hanedanı'nın bir üyesi olarak, güney Mezopotamya’da bulunan Lagaš şehir devletini, Akad İmparatorluğu’nun çöküşü ile Üçüncü Ur Hanedanlığı'nın yükselişi arasındaki dönemde (yaklaşık MÖ. 2144–2124) yönetti. Onun dönemine ait hem yazılı hem arkeolojik zengin materyaller, çeşitli yazıtlar ve bir tanrının tapınağının (yeniden) inşasını kutlamak ya da belirli bir tanrıya bağlılığını bildirmek amacıyla Gudea tarafından ithaf edilen hediyeler olan çeşitli yontulmuş eserlerden oluşmaktadır. Çoğunlukla kültsel bir karaktere sahip olan yazılı korpustaki tasvirlerinden ziyade, bu çalışma steller, kapı levhaları, temel yapısı figürinleri, aslanlı kapılar, taş kaplar, sütun tabanları ve mühürler gibi çeşitli arkeolojik eserler üzerinde temsil edilen ilk bakışta pek belirgin olmadığından, Gudea dönemi sanatındaki tanrıların ikonografilerini incelemektir. İkonografi rolü kültürel değerleri ve dini kavramları ifade etmede oldukça önemli olduğundan ve bu konuda kaleme alınmış pek fazla Türkçe çalışmanın bulunmadığından bu çalışmanın ikonografi, stel, mühür sanatı ve dinler tarihi konularında araştırma yapacaklara yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anesthetic management of a 9-year-old girl with Congenital Contractures of the Limbs and Face, Hypotonia, and Developmental Delay syndrome: airway difficulties and postoperative apnea during tendon surgery
Authors: Santos Jessica G. , Buffon Alexandre C.
Published: January 2025

Background: This case report described the anesthetic management and postoperative challenges of a patient diagnosed with Congenital Contractures of the Limbs and Face, Hypotonia, and Developmental Delay (CLIFAHDD) syndrome who underwent tenomyotomy of the right hand tendons. This syndrome, characterized by facial dysmorphisms, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and respiratory disturbances, including central apnea, is caused by a mutation in the NALCN gene.Case: A 9-year-old girl diagnosed with CLIFAHDD syndrome underwent tenomyotomy of the right hand tendon. General anesthesia was administered. Despite stable intraoperative conditions, the patient experienced inadequate ventilation with multiple episodes of apnea after extubation, necessitating assisted ventilation using a face mask.Conclusions: This case highlights the challenges and considerations in the anesthetic management of patients with CLIFAHDD syndrome, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches and vigilant postoperative monitoring to mitigate the potential respiratory complications associated with this rare genetic disorder.
Practical guidance for monitored anesthesia care during awake craniotomy
Authors: Min Kyeong Tae
Published: January 2025

Monitored anesthesia care is a feasible option for anesthetic management during awake craniotomy. Patients selected for surgery are thoroughly evaluated by anesthesiologists, primarily focusing on their risk for airway emergencies, such as respiratory depression and obstruction, throughout the procedure. For patients with relative contraindications, a tailored approach is used to assess their suitability. Neuropsychiatric counseling is also helpful for enhancing the patient’s ability to participate in and perform the necessary tasks during brain mapping. Building good rapport with the patient is essential for the success of awake craniotomy, as it helps foster trust and cooperation. Analgesia during awake craniotomy is primarily achieved through scalp nerve blocks or infiltration. Among the six scalp nerve blocks, I have described the zygotemporal nerve block in detail. Proper positioning is crucial for both the surgical approach and the safety and comfort of the patient. Even when local anesthetics are effectively administered, many patients may still experience mild to moderate pain during the procedure. This pain is common and transient, typically occurring around the temporal region. In some cases, sedatives or additional analgesics may be necessary. Serious adverse events can arise, including those that require urgent life-saving interventions or those that interfere with brain mapping and the patient's ability to perform tasks. However, MAC in neurosurgery offers the potential for an improved quality of life for individuals with brain tumors or epileptic seizures, as well as for those with disabilities, such as the deaf or visually impaired, in the future.
Building Synthetic Long Non-Coding RNAs via Iterative Golden Gate Assembly of K-mer Arrays v1
Authors: Hu Kim Seong , Guerrero Chloe , A Haynes Karmella
Published: January 2025

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs exceeding 500 nucleotides and transcribed mostly by RNA polymerase II, regulate gene transcription and chromatin organization. Acting as molecular guides, scaffolds, and structural components, lncRNAs interact with RNAs, DNA, and proteins. Repeat motifs within lncRNAs called k-mers are associated with protein interactions and chromatin complex recruitment. Understanding lncRNA mechanisms is hampered by tissue specificity, redundancy, and multifunctionality, necessitating quantitative investigation. To support the systematic investigation of repeat motifs, we optimized Golden Gate assembly with standardized 4-nucleotide linkers to assemble any four lncRNA elements into 4x k-mers without the need to design compatible overhangs. To extend the length (repeat number) of RNA constructs, a 2x BbsI Golden Gate cloning site is restored at the 3’ end of the assembled 4x k-mer, allowing the addition of more k-mers to generate an 8x k-mer, 12x k-mer, and so on. Please read the Guidelines for suggestions on how to make arrays of intermediate lengths (e.g. 1x, 2x, 3x, 5x, 6x, 7x, etc.). Beginning with k-mer identification, synthetic lncRNAs can be constructed and expressed in vitro or in cells within three weeks, offering an efficient framework to study and harness their regulatory functions.
Caracterización de polimorfismos en el gen pfmdr1 en aislados clínicos de p. Falciparum en Colombia
Authors: Montoya Paula , Blair Trujillo Silvia , Carmona Fonseca Jaime , Maestre Amanda
Published: January 2025

La malaria es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. Dos de los principales obstáculos en el control y tratamiento, son el alto nivel de falla terapéutica y la rápida diseminación de parásitos resistentes a antimaláricos (1). La resistencia en P. falciparum ha sido definida como un fenómeno multigénico. El gen Pfmdr1 codifica una Pglicoproteína transmembranal (Pgh1) en la vacuola digestiva del parásito que ha sido relacionada con el transporte de medicamentos como cloroquina (CQ), mefloquina (MQ), halofantrina (HF) y artemisina( ART ) (2). La presencia de polimorfismos y más de una copia del gen Pfmdr1 ha sido asociado con resistencia a estos mismos antimaláricos. La mutación Asn-86-Try en este gen, se ha relacionado con resistencia a CQ y con sensibilidad a MQ, HF y ART, mientras que la presencia del codón silvestre Asp-1246 se ha relacionado con resistencia a estos últimos antimaláricos (2).
Disrupción del gen que codifica para la glicoproteína de 43kda en el hongo patógeno paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Rúa Giraldo Alvaro , Sepúlveda Victoria , Restrepo Angela , McEwen Juan
Published: January 2025

La Paracoccidioidomicosis es una enfermedad crónica endémica de Latinoamérica causada por el hongo dimórfico P. brasiliensis. Poco se conoce sobre los factores que hacen virulento al hongo una vez en el hospedero, lo que hace necesario implementar sistemas de mutagénesis y tamizaje fenotípico que permitan identificar dichos factores y esclarecer los eventos que ocurren durante la infección.La transformación genética facilitada por Agrobacterium tumefaciens permite introducir ADN exógeno en células vegetales y micóticas, convirtiéndose en herramienta valiosa en experimentos de mutagénesis dirigida. Recientemente este sistema ha sido empleado en P. brasiliensis (1).
Didelphis marsupialis como un reservorio potencial u hospedero amplificador del virus de la estomatitis vesicular, serotipo new jersey en Antioquia
Authors: Trujillo Carlos , Arboleda John
Published: January 2025

La Estomatitis Vesicular (EV) es una enfermedad viral, aguday autolimitante que afecta principalmente bovinos, equinos yporcinos. Es producida por el virus de estomatitis vesicular (VEV), serotipos New Jersey (VEV-NJ) e Indiana (VEV-IN), que son los as importantes epidemiológicamente (1). Los estudios serológicos demuestran que VEV-NJ y VEV-IN infectan en forma natural una gran variedad de animales silvestres, que están posiblemente implicados en la  coepizootiología de la EV, como hospederos portadores, mplificadores o reservorios (2).La zarigüeya (Didelphis marsupialis) es un buen candidatopara cumplir esta función, debido a que es la especie silvestremayormente capturada en zonas enzoóticas; presenta altosporcentajes de infección natural (3), resiste la antropización yademás, su comportamiento le permite interactuar condiferentes poblaciones de vectores u otros reservorios en losbosques y servir como fuente de infección para las especiesdomésticas susceptibles.
Trombofilias en pacientes con pérdida gestacional recurrente (PGR)
Authors: Cardona Henry , Cardona Walter , Castañeda Serguei , Gómez Dávila Joaquín Guillermo , Gómez Jorge , Alvarez Leonor , Torres José , Tobón Luis , Bedoya Gabriel , Cadavid Ángela
Published: January 2025

Una de las posibles causas de la PGR es la trombofilia, lacual se define como una tendencia a desarrollar trombosis convariabilidad en las manifestaciones clínicas dependiente de laregión vascular afectada por la ausencia del flujo sanguíneo. Latrombosis es una enfermedad multifactorial, en la cualcontribuyen factores genéticos y ambientales al riesgo deldesarrollo de la enfermedad (1). Las trombofilias heredadas están asociadas a polimorfismos en los genes del factor V LeidenG1691A, protrombina G20210A y ilentetrahidrofolatoreductasa(MTHFR) C677T; también se asocia a las deficiencias de los niveles de antitrombina III (AT-III), proteína C (PC) y proteínaS (PS) en el sistema vascular y a la resistencia a la proteína Cactivada (RPCa). Varios estudios han encontrado asociación delas trombofilias heredadas con PGR y trombosis venosa asociadaal embarazo (2), aunque los mecanismos fisiopatológicos responsables de las patologías vasculares placentarias en mujeres con trombofilia aun no han sido esclarecidos (3).El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la asociación de lastrombofilias heredadas G1691A, G20210A, C677T, lasdeficiencias de AT-III, PC. PS y la RPCa, con la pérdida gestacional recurrente.
Bonos verdes para financiar la inversión socialmente responsable: un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: García-Escobar Javier , Fernández Guadaño Josefina , Mascareñas Pérez-Iñigo Juan
Published: January 2025

Sustainable finance has grown in importance in recent years due to its close relationship with sustainable development and the estimated large investment needs. After a long period of near-zero interest rates, we have witnessed a change in the scenario in the last two years, so it is important to know how this may affect the transition to a sustainable economy. To approach this object of study and contextualize it, a bibliometric analysis is carried out, using the Web of Science database, on: sustainable finance, Socially Responsible Investment and green bonds. The evolution of publications, the most active countries, the most relevant institutions and authors, the most researched topics, the most cited articles and the relationship of these three areas with the Sustainable Development Goals have been analyzed, in order to try to detect trends, omissions and research opportunities. The analysis reveals that sustainable finance is highly associated with climate aspects and green bonds, that the performance of green bond portfolios and other sustainable financial assets is a widely researched issue, and that the European Union is very active in knowledge generation, also having a long history in this object of study, supported by both the regulatory and institutional framework, and driven by the European Green Deal presented by the European Commission in 2019 and the Action Plan against Climate Change of the European Central Bank in 2021.
Fabricación con cero defectos y activos digitales en la transformación de la fabricación mediante nuevas tecnologías de la información: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Mateo-Casalí Miguel Angel , Boza Andrés , Fraile Francisco
Published: January 2025

Industry 4.0, driven by digital transformation, has revolutionized manufacturing by introducing technologies that create “smart factories.” These factories enhance competitiveness through automation and the “Zero Defect Manufacturing” strategy, which aims to optimize production and prevent product failures. To achieve this, it is crucial to consider the digital assets involved in this strategy and their architecture. This article reviews the literature on the zero-defect strategy at different stages of the life cycle, considering various digital assets and their impact on the industry.
Software Complex for Documenting Graphical Applications Based on Topological Decomposition
Authors:   Murom Institute of Vladimir State University, Murom, 602264, Russian Federation, Abakumov A. V.
Published: January 2025

Contemporary software products and services necessitate extensive accompanying information, including user manuals and documentation. The task becomes more complex in the case of graphical applications, as it requires capturing screenshots and highlighting the described elements. Attaining high-quality visual information using conventional means demands considerable effort and time, since, unlike text, raster images do not provide an interface for retrieving metadata about individual elements, necessitating programmatic extraction of such information. This study presents a software complex designed to automate and expedite this process. The primary focus is on a topo­logical decomposition method that segments images based on topological features such as pixel brightness and proximity, enabling the segmentation of screenshots into control elements. This approach demonstrates high accuracy (96-99 %) in identifying graphical components across most tested images. The software product encompasses functions for the automatic capture of application windows, an algorithm for identifying control elements, and the capability to export the entire image or a specified region. Additionally, an algorithm for generating output templates for image insertion has been implemented. The decomposition method has exhibited effectiveness across the majority of test data. In instances with shadow effects, noise levels were recorded at a maximum of 34 %; however, in most cases, this figure did not exceed 3 %. Further research may contribute to enhancing these results. The findings of this study could prove valuable for the continued exploration of graphical user interface decomposition and the assessment of the method's effectiveness on diverse images. The developed software complex significantly simplifies and accelerates the documentation process, thereby opening new avenues in the automation of software development.
A clinical case of a patient with recurrent bladder cancer and primary multiple metachronous tumors
Authors: Semenov E. V. , Stepanov N. A. , Zukov R. A.
Published: January 2025

In the clinical practice of an oncologist, primary multiple tumors are one of the most difficult and poorly understood problems. The treatment of patients with multiple malignancies often involves а combined treatment methods. Taking into account the possibility of detecting tumors at different stages and localizations, the doctor needs to determine such a therapeutic approach that will be directed at several oncological processes at once. The article describes a clinical case of a male patient, born in 1948, with metachronous bladder cancer, both lungs and multifocal basal cell skin cancer.

The presented experience reflects the patient’s long-term observation from 2002 to 2024, during which the patient repeatedly underwent surgical and radiation treatment of tumors of various localizations. The presented clinical case shows the importance of dynamic monitoring and regular examinations by an oncologist, which allows timely verification of a recurrence of the disease or a new malignant neoplasm and achieve the best therapeutic results.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SELFGOVERNMENT AND DEMOCRACY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIVIDUAL POLITICAL FREEDOM
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics Ukraine, Chernysh Yaroslav
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the relationship between local self-government and democracy, focusing on their significance for individual political freedom within the context of Ukraine’s ongoing democratic reforms. The study highlights the theoretical foundations of this correlation, examining the impact of decentralization and governance at the local level on the country’s political system. Despite Ukraine’s substantial efforts toward democratization, significant challenges remain in effectively balancing the principles of local self-government with centralized state power. The article explores three primary theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding this relationship.
The first approach argues that local self-government and democracy are not necessarily interconnected, and self-governance can exist even under authoritarian regimes. This perspective is based on examples from states where self-governing structures function autonomously, without direct influence from democratic processes. The second approach emphasizes that local self-government acts as a precursor to democratization, serving as a «school of democracy» where citizens acquire participatory skills and foster political culture. This approach acknowledges the role of local institutions in developing civic responsibility and engagement in decision-making processes. The third approach asserts that democratization must first occur at the national level, creating favorable conditions for the development of autonomous local self-government systems.
The article concludes that a balanced approach to decentralization and centralization is crucial for the effective functioning of local governance. The Ukrainian experience demonstrates that decentralization can strengthen local communities’ capacity for self-organization and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. However, excessive decentralization, in the absence of strong democratic traditions, risks consolidating power among local elites, which may hinder broader democratization efforts at the national level.
HEROISM AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON: FEATURES OF SYMBOLIC REFLECTION
Authors:   Political and Legal College «’ALSKO», Kyiv, Ukraine, Goldenstein Kateryna
Published: January 2025

The social role of symbolism is studied as one that gives political life and political actions a special meaning. On this basis, the phenomenon of «heroism» in the structure of the symbolic policy of the state is considered. The essence and functions of symbols of heroization, the mechanism and methods of its symbolization and introduction into public consciousness are analyzed. The significance of creating a «hero image» as a way of politically conditioned use of social activity is revealed. The historical origins of the «hero image» and the factors of its influence on sociopolitical processes are shown using examples, including the function of preserving and producing nationally oriented values, as well as speculation in order to ensure the dominance of certain political forces. It is proved that the formation of heroic symbols is one of the key ideological instruments of influence on the psychology of citizens in general and at the same time is a phenomenon of mass, largely mythologized consciousness. The process of forming heroic symbols and types of heroic acts, and the features of their use by political propaganda are analyzed. The specifics of the formation and symbolic representation of the «hero image», its place in the historical memory of modern society are reflected. The possibilities and prospects of interpreting the phenomenon of heroism in modern Ukraine, taking into account the realities of the Russian-Ukrainian war, are revealed.
THE SYSTEM OF UKRAINIAN MILITARY TRADITIONS IN THE PERIOD OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Zaporizhia National University, Zaporizhia, Ukraine, Prytula Olexandr
Published: January 2025

The article examines Ukrainian military traditions as an integral component of the education system of a warrior-defender of the Motherland. Analyzed the complex nature of military traditions, which combines images and symbols, customs and ceremonies, legal norms and principles of military activity, reflects the complexity and multifaceted nature of the mentioned system. The system of education of a warrior-defender of the Motherland is characterized, which dates back to ancient times, having been significantly influenced by pre-Slavic cultures (nomadic ethnic groups, Greek polis). It has been discovered that, during the days of Kyivan Rus, the content of military traditions deepened and became more complicated, which became a natural consequence of the formation of the ancient army; he combined actual martial traditions with the principles of patriotic education of various layers of society. It was researched that military traditions gained even greater scope during the days of the Cossacks. It was Zaporizhian Sich that became the center of their preservation and distribution in society. Summarized that the Ukrainian Cossacks as a unique historical phenomenon of the early modern era, became a powerful catalyst for the development of patriotic (primarily, military-patriotic) education. This contributed to the preservation and further development of the best military traditions of Kyivan Rus.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MODERN POLITICAL PROCESS: CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Karakay Sergii
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the role of entrepreneurship in the modern political process. The key idea is that in a post-industrial society, entrepreneurship not only acts as a driving force of economic development but also significantly determines the direction and dynamics of the political process. The political process is characterized as a complex dynamic state of the political system, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of entrepreneurial activity in the context of modern political actors. This has significant methodological importance for the study of various political phenomena, institutions, and processes. It is stated that the modern political process is impossible without the participation of economic elites, who today influence the content and nature of politics. In post-industrial society, personal development is seen as a key to progress and rapid economic and political growth. Entrepreneurial activity serves as an important mechanism of social adaptation, which, according to the author, most effectively ensures the mutual development of both society and the individual. Based on the analysis of views on entrepreneurship formed in Western socio-political and economic thought, it has been established that entrepreneurship concepts occupied a somewhat peripheral place in both classical economic theory and political thought. Gradually, scholars identified entrepreneurship as a separate, independent economic activity and assigned it a specific role in both political and economic processes. The dialectical-materialist and neoliberal paradigms have been identified as the conceptual foundations for studying the interaction between entrepreneurship and power in the functioning of the political process in post-industrial society. The comparison of these approaches has provided a comprehensive analysis of how entrepreneurship and power interact in modern society, where economic and political processes are intertwined.
THE EXOGENOUS INFLUENCE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS' POLICIES ON GREEK-TURKISH CONFLICTUAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khylko Mykola , Tovmash Dmytro ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yasynska Victoriia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the influence of the new strategic concept of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on the resolution of the political conflict between Greece and Turkey. Political participation in the events in the Eastern Mediterranean, its consequences for Greek-Turkish relations are considered. The application of NATO’s new strategic concept in the Eastern Mediterranean is analyzed. The focus is on the example of NATO’s role in efforts to de-escalate Greek-Turkish tensions. The example of Greek-Turkish relations is important for two reasons: because of NATO’s renewed interest in the Eastern Mediterranean region, because the difficult relationship between the two countries could disrupt NATO’s unity. The article concludes that, while NATO’s goal is to adapt to changing security challenges, its new strategic concept has done little to de-escalate tensions between Greece and Turkey. Despite the Alliance’s collective defense and conflict resolution functions, long-standing disputes in the Eastern Mediterranean persist, often with increasing levels of intensity. As a result, NATO’s new strategic concept recognizes the difficulties in the Eastern Mediterranean, but does not introduce effective measures to de-escalate tensions. Although the document addresses the need for increased cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean and supports a range of security concerns (including territorial disputes, migration issues and competition for energy resources), there is no operational basis for resolving tensions between the two member states.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PRC AND THE USA (1949-2024)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Simonov Mykyta
Published: January 2025

This article presents a retrospective analysis of the evolution and changes in political relations between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America between 1949 and 2024. Key episodes such as the establishment of the PRC in 1949, its subsequent tensions with the US during the Cold War and the normalization of diplomatic relations after President Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 are highlighted. The impact of the events on Tiananmen Square in 1989 and the worsening of Sino-American relations, which led to the introduction of international sanctions, are analyzed. China’s economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping, which opened the country to foreign investment and significantly expanded economic ties with the United States are explained. It is well-founded that China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 became a key moment in Sino-American relations, the latter country becoming deeply economically interdependent. The development of Sino-American relations during the presidencies of Barack Obama, Donald Trump and Joe Biden is examined, focusing on issues such as the trade war and the development of certain Trump competitive strategies against China against the background of China’s political and economic presence in the world. It is proved that, despite persistent political and ideological differences, both countries maintain a complex but important relationship characterized by both cooperation and competition on the global stage.