bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of CD8+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Correale Jorge , Villa Andrés
Published: December 2009

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

Peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CD8+ T‐cell clones (TCCs) recognizing autoreactive CD4+ T cells were isolated from 20 MS patients during exacerbations, 15 patients in remission, 15 healthy subjects, and 10 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases. Characteristics of noncytotoxic CD8+ CD25+ regulatory T cells were studied. Cell phenotype was evaluated using flow cytometry. Cytokine production and phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) concentration were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To assess 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity on dendritic cells (DCs), kynurenine concentration was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Inhibition of CD4+ self‐reactive T‐cell proliferation, and of interferon‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐17 secretion, was observed after adding CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells to cultures. Suppression was abrogated by silencing FoxP3 using small interfering RNA. Cells were CD122+, CTLA‐4+, GITR+, CCR7+, and CD62L+, producing IL‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β. CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells downregulated costimulatory molecule expression on dendritic cells through a STAT3‐mediated pathway, resulting in less efficient antigen presentation, and induced IDO expression on DCs through STAT3 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4‐dependent mechanisms. CD8+ regulatory TCC cloning frequency studied in blood and CSF was suppressed to a greater degree during exacerbations than during remission or in controls. Likewise, in CSF of MS patients during acute exacerbations, lower levels of CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells were detected using flow cytometry.

Interpretation

CD8+ CD25+ FoxP3+ cells are novel regulatory cells exerting significant influence over self‐reactive CD4+ T‐cell regulation during the course of MS. Induction of these cells may provide new therapeutic alternatives for MS by eliminating or inhibiting self‐reactive T cells. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:625–638
Rice straw management: the big waste
Authors: Domínguez‐Escribá Laura , Porcar Manuel
Published: December 2009

Rice is one of the major foods, with consumption per capita of 65 kg per year, accounting for 20% of global ingested calories. Rice production is expected to increase significantly in the near future in order to feed the rising human population. Today, paddy rice culture produces 660 million tons of rice, along with 800 million dry tons of agricultural residues, mainly straw. This biomass is managed predominantly through rice straw burning (RSB) and soil incorporation strategies. RSB leads to significant air pollution and has been banned in some regions, whereas stubble and straw incorporation into wet soil during land preparation is associated with enhanced methane emissions. Therefore, both strategies have important deleterious environmental effects and fail to take advantage of the huge energy potential of rice straw. Using rice straw as lignocellulosic biomass to produce bioethanol would appear to be a promising and ambitious goal to both manage this agricultural waste and to produce environmentally friendly biofuel. Technical difficulties, however, associated with the conversion of lignocellulose into simple, fermentable sugars, have hampered the massive development of rice‐straw‐derived bioethanol. Recent technical advances in straw pre‐treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation may, however, overcome these limitations and facilitate a dramatic turnover in biofuels production in the near future. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Enhanced degradation of phenanthrene in a solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactor via sonication
Authors: Isaza Pedro A. , Daugulis Andrew J.
Published: December 2009

The current article examined the feasibility of inducing improved delivery and degradation of phenanthrene in a solid–liquid partitioning bioreactor system at bench scale by means of ultrasonic energy input. Initial degradation rates of phenanthrene by a microbial consortium, delivered from Desmopan, were improved 2.7‐fold in the presence of sonication relative to unsonicated controls. Results demonstrated that an operating window involving on/off sonication cycling improved substrate delivery and rational selection of ultrasound cycling profiles could lead to even further enhancements. Additionally, all results were obtained in a conventional bioreactor with commercial ultrasonic equipment and a commercially available polymer. Subsequent DGGE analysis demonstrated that the sonication cycles selected maintained consortium compositions, relative to control cases, and suggest that exposure would not reduce degradative capabilities under the periods of irradiation examined. Finally, consortium members were identified as belonging to the Pandoraea, Sphingobium, and Pseudoxanthomonas genera. Comparison of genetic sequences in the Ribosomal Database Project revealed that some of the bacterial members, identified at the strain level, had been previously observed in PAH degradations, while others have been reported only in the degradation of other aromatics, such as pesticides. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 997–1001. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A sustainable pathway of cellulosic ethanol production integrating anaerobic digestion with biorefining
Authors: Yue Zhengbo , Teater Charles , Liu Yan , MacLellan James , Liao Wei
Published: December 2009

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manure is traditionally classified as a treatment to reduce the environmental impacts of odor, pathogens, and excess nutrients associated with animal manure. This report shows that AD also changes the composition of manure fiber and makes it suitable as a cellulosic feedstock for ethanol production. Anaerobically digested manure fiber (AD fiber) contains less hemicellulose (11%) and more cellulose (32%) than raw manure, and has better enzymatic digestibility than switchgrass. Using the optimal dilute alkaline pretreatment (2% sodium hydroxide, 130°C, and 2 h), enzymatic hydrolysis of 10% (dry basis) pretreated AD fiber produces 51 g/L glucose at a conversion rate of 90%. The ethanol fermentation on the hydrolysate has a 72% ethanol yield. The results indicate that 120 million dry tons of cattle manure available annually in the U.S. can generate 63 million dry tons of AD fiber that can produce more than 1.67 billion gallons of ethanol. Integrating AD with biorefining will make significant contribution to the cellulosic ethanol production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1031–1039. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolite stress and tolerance in the production of biofuels and chemicals: Gene‐expression‐based systems analysis of butanol, butyrate, and acetate stresses in the anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum
Authors: Alsaker Keith V. , Paredes Carlos , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T.
Published: December 2009

Metabolite accumulation has pleiotropic, toxic, or beneficial effects on cell physiology, but such effects are not well understood at the molecular level. Cells respond and adapt to metabolite stress by mechanisms largely unexplored, especially in the context of multiple and simultaneous stresses. Solventogenic and related clostridia have an inherent advantage for production of biofuels and chemicals directly from cellulosic material and other complex carbohydrates, but issues of product/metabolite tolerance and related culture productivities remain. Using DNA microarray‐based gene expression analysis, the transcriptional‐stress responses of Clostridium acetobutylicum to fermentation acids acetate and butyrate and the solvent product butanol were analyzed and compared in the context of cell physiology. Ontological analysis demonstrated that stress by all three metabolites resulted in upregulation of genes related to post‐translational modifications and chaperone activity, and downregulation of the translation‐machinery genes. Motility genes were downregulated by acetate‐stress only. The general metabolite stress included upregulation of numerous stress genes (dnaK, groES, groEL, hsp90, hsp18, clpC, and htrA), the solventogenic operon aad‐ctfA‐ctfB, and other solventogenic genes. Acetate stress downregulated expression of the butyryl‐CoA‐ and butyrate‐formation genes, while butyrate stress downregulated expression of acetate‐formation genes. Pyrimidine‐biosynthesis genes were downregulated by most stresses, but purine‐biosynthesis genes were upregulated by acetate and butyrate, possibly for thiamine and histidine biosynthesis. Methionine‐biosynthesis genes were upregulated by acetate stress, indicating a possibly conserved stress response mechanism also observed in Escherichia coli. Nitrogen‐fixation gene expression was upregulated by acetate stress. Butyrate stress upregulated many iron‐metabolism genes, riboflavin‐biosynthesis genes, and several genes related to cellular repair from oxidative stress, such as perR and superoxide dismutases. Butanol stress upregulated the glycerol metabolism genes glpA and glpF. Surprisingly, metabolite stress had no apparent effect on the expression of the sporulation‐cascade genes. It is argued that the list of upregulated genes in response to the three metabolite stresses includes several genes whose overexpression would likely impart tolerance, thus making the information generated in this study, a valuable source for the development of tolerant recombinant strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1131–1147. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Public involvement: How to encourage citizen participation
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Fedi Angela , Trippetti Stefania
Published: December 2009

The study was aimed at identifying the impact of a pool of variables on the willingness of the participants in five consultative arenas (Open Space Technology) to become involved in future experiences of civic engagement. The study also intended to verify whether such willingness varied among subgroups of participants. In total, 194 participants (49.5% men, 50.5% women; mean age = 37.04) were recruited during five OSTs held in Italy between May and November 2008 and asked to fill in a questionnaire composed of the following measures: perceived costs and benefits, emotions, sense of community, trust in institutions and need for cognitive closure. Findings suggested that the setting‐related variables—namely the perception of costs and benefits and the arousal of positive feelings—were more influential than the community‐related variables, such as sense of community and trust in institutions. Indications and suggestions for the design, implementation and evaluation of participatory settings were discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of CO2, CH4, and N2 on Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Pérez‐Pellitero Javier , Amrouche Hedi , Siperstein Flor R. , Pirngruber Gerhard , Nieto‐Draghi Carlos , Chaplais Gérald , Simon‐Masseron Angélique , Bazer‐Bachi Delphine , Peralta David , Bats Nicolas
Published: December 2009

Experimental measurements and molecular simulations were conducted for two zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐76. The transferability of the force field was tested by comparing molecular simulation results of gas adsorption with experimental data available in the literature for other ZIF materials (ZIF‐69). Owing to the good agreement observed between simulation and experimental data, the simulation results can be used to identify preferential adsorption sites, which are located close to the organic linkers. Topological mapping of the potential‐energy surfaces makes it possible to relate the preferential adsorption sites, Henry constant, and isosteric heats of adsorption at zero coverage to the nature of the host–guest interactions and the chemical nature of the organic linker. The role played by the topology of the solid and the organic linkers, instead of the metal sites, upon gas adsorption on zeolite‐like metal–organic frameworks is discussed.
High Molar Extinction Coefficient Organic Sensitizers for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Hyunbong , Raabe Ines , Kim Duckhyun , Teocoli Francesca , Kim Chulwoo , Song Kihyung , Yum Jun‐Ho , Ko Jaejung , Nazeeruddin Md. K. , Grätzel Michael
Published: December 2009

We have designed and synthesized highly efficient organic sensitizers with a planar thienothiophene–vinylene–thienothiophene linker. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the JK‐113‐sensitized cell gave a short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 17.61 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 72 %, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 9.1 %. The incident monochromatic photo‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of JK‐113 exceeds 80 % over the spectral region from 400 to 640 nm, reaching its maximum of 93 % at 475 nm. The band tails off toward 770 nm, contributing to the broad spectral light harvesting. Solar‐cell devices based on the sensitizer JK‐113 in conjunction with a volatile electrolyte and a solvent‐free ionic liquid electrolyte gave high conversion efficiencies of 9.1 % and 7.9 %, respectively. The JK‐113‐based solar cell fabricated using a solvent‐free ionic liquid electrolyte showed excellent stability under light soaking at 60 °C for 1000 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Li6A17Hg9 (A: Ca, Sr, Yb): Intermetallic Compounds of Mercury with a Zeolite‐Like Topology of Cubic Networks.
Authors: Tkachuk Andriy V. , Mar Arthur
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Chemical Conversion Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Uniform Ln3+ (Ln: Eu, Tb)‐Doped NaLuF4 Nanowires and LuBO3 Microdisks.
Authors: Jia Guang , You Hongpeng , Song Yanhua , Jia Junjiao , Zheng Yuhua , Zhang Lihui , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in the Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7.
Authors: Morris D. J. P. , et al. et al.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Coulomb Phase in the Spin Ice Ho2Ti2O7.
Authors: Fennell T. , Deen P. P. , Wildes A. R. , Schmalzl K. , Prabhakaran D. , Boothroyd A. T. , Aldus R. J. , McMorrow D. F. , Bramwell S. T.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Tricyclic Polychalcogenides in [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]2[Sb2Se12] and [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]4 [Te12]·(12‐crown‐4)2.
Authors: Feldmann Claus , Okrut Alexander
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Open‐Framework Germanate Built from the Hexagonal Packing of Rigid Cylinders.
Authors: Bonneau Charlotte , Sun Junliang , Sanchez‐Smith Rebeca , Guo Bing , Zhang Daliang , Inge Andrew Kentaro , Eden Matthias , Zou Xiaodong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Modular “Inorganic—Organic—Inorganic” Polyoxometalates and Their Assembly into Vesicles.
Authors: Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Misdrahi Mauricio F. , Li Feng‐Yan , Zhang Jie , Xu Lin , Long De‐Liang , Liu Tianbo , Cronin Leroy
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Characterizations of Mixed Valence 12 L‐Perovskites Ba4EuM3O12 (M: Ru and Ir).
Authors: Shimoda Yuki , Doi Yoshihiro , Wakeshima Makoto , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu—Al Hydrotalcite: An Efficient and Reusable Ligand‐Free Catalyst for the Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Aliphatic, Aromatic, and N(H)‐Heterocyclic Amines.
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Arundhathi R. , Reddy P. Linga , Reddy M. Amarnath , Kantam M. Lakshmi
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Han Wei , Ofial Armin R.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminolysis of 3‐Phenyl Propylthiol Esters Leading to Diverse Sets of Amides.
Authors: Tomaszewski Miroslaw J. , Subramanian Pandiaraju , Santhakumar Vijayaratnam
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Mitsunobu—Tosylation of 1,2‐Diols.
Authors: Kim Chorom , Keum Ji Eun , Yu Sang Hee , Ko Soo Y.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Useful Method for N‐Acylation of Amines.
Authors: Phukan Kandarpa , Ganguly Mausumi , Devi Nirada
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Pd—C Catalytic Hydrodechlorination Leading to the Highly Efficient N‐Debenzylation of Benzylamines.
Authors: Cheng Chuanjie , Sun Jianwei , Xing Lixin , Xu Jimin , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Cyclopropanation Reaction with Bis(iodozincio)methane by 1,4‐Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Nomura Kenichi , Hirayama Takaharu , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multistep One‐Pot Wittig/Nazarov Reaction for Construction of Cyclopentenone with Diazo Compounds and Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Cao Peng , Sun Xiu‐Li , Zhu Ben‐Hu , Shen Qi , Xie Zuowei , Tang Yong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective, One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes by an Anionic Domino Process.
Authors: Barboni Luciano , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro , Femoni Cristina , Ballini Roberto
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Pyrrolidine and Piperidine β‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Salehi Peyman , Dabiri Minoo , Kozehgary Gholamreza , Heydari Seddigheh
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Ring Opening of Terminal Epoxides Catalyzed by Chiral Co(III)‐BF3 Salen Complex Immobilized on SBA‐16.
Authors: Kim Yong‐Suk , Lee Choong‐Young , Kim Geon‐Joong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Catalytic Properties of Iron Complexes: Dehydration of Amides to Nitriles.
Authors: Zhou Shaolin , Addis Daniele , Das Shoubhik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Octahydro‐6‐oxo‐1‐phenylnaphthalene‐2‐carbaldehydes via Organocatalytic Domino Reactions.
Authors: Hong Bor‐Cherng , Nimje Roshan Y. , Liao Ju‐Hsiou
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum and Ruthenium Chloride‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐ethynylbenzenes: Interception of π‐Activated Alkynes with a Benzylic C—H Bond.
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Nakai Hiromi , Chatani Naoto
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis in Water: A Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 2‐(Cyclohexylamino)‐3‐aryl‐indeno[1,2‐b]furan‐4‐ones.
Authors: Heravi M. M. , Baghernejad Bita , Oskooie Hossein A.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 5‐Alkoxypyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones Using a Modified aza‐Achmatowicz Oxidation.
Authors: Kiren Sezgin , Hong Xuechuan , Leverett Carolyn A. , Padwa Albert
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives by Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Indoles with Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Shirai Yuu , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Arylnitrile Oxides and C‐Aroyl‐N‐phenylnitrones with 3‐Methylenedihydro‐(3H)‐furan‐2‐one and Itaconic Anhydride.
Authors: Roussel Christophe , Ciamala Kabula , Vebrel Joel , Riche Claude
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Acetate‐Catalyzed, Mild, Highly Efficient, and Practical Synthesis of Thiazoles and Aminothiazoles.
Authors: Meshram H. M. , Kumar D. Aravind , Prasad B. Ramalinga Vara
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dually Activated Organo‐ and Nano‐Cocatalyzed Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Goswami Papori
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions for the Synthesis of Substituted Piperazines.
Authors: Nakhla Josephine S. , Schultz Danielle M. , Wolfe John P.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2,6,6‐Tetrafluoro‐4‐phenylmethylmorpholin‐3‐ones: A Simple Approach from Fluorinated Triethylene Glycol.
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazine and 1,3,4‐Thiadiazine from Substituted Acetophenones and Acid Hydrazides Using [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene.
Authors: Karade Nandkishor N. , Kondre Jeevan M. , Gampawar Sumeet V. , Shinde Sandeep V.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Class of Azacrown Macrocycles and Lariat Crown Ethers Containing Two 1,24‐Triazole Rings as Subunits.
Authors: Foroughifar Naser , Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Ebrahimi Sattar
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochromism of 1,3‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐ene Phenol Rings.
Authors: Kiyani Hamzeh , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Tabatabaeian Khalil , Zanjanchi Mohammad A.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation of Tertiary Alcohols: Synthesis of Fully Protected Disaccharides with Sterically Demanding Groups Attached to the Sugar Core.
Authors: Holkenbrink Annika , Vicente Jordi Bertran , Werz Daniel B.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Correlation Effects in the Iron Pnictides
Authors: Si Qimiao , Abrahams Elihu , Dai Jianhui , Zhu Jian‐Xin
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Carbon—Fluorine Bonds α to Transition Metal Centers to Carbon—Hydrogen, Carbon—Carbon, and Carbon—Heteroatom Bonds
Authors: Hughes Russell P.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Activation with Broensted Acids, Iodine, or Gold Complexes, and Its Fate Leading to Synthetic Application
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshinori , Gridnev Ilya D. , Patil Nitin T. , Jin Tienan
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reductive Amination by Combined Broensted Acid and Transition‐Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Klussmann Martin
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Amino Acid Synthesis by the Asymmetric Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives with Chiral Spiro‐Type and Simplified Phase‐Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [8 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions in the Construction of Heterocycles
Authors: Nair Vijay , Abhilash K. Gopalakrishnan
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles via Pyrylium and Pyridinium Betaines
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Xylocarpus
Authors: Shen Li‐Ru , Guo Dong , Yu Yue‐Mei , Yin Bao‐Wei , Zhao Lei , Shi Qing‐Wen , Wang Yong‐Li , Huo Chang‐Hong
Published: December 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Das elastische Jahrhundert. Synthesekautschuke
Authors: Kloppenburg Heike , Groß Thomas , Mezger Martin , Wrana Claus
Published: December 2009

Synthetische Kautschuke lösen immer mehr Aufgaben, in denen Elastizität gefragt, Naturkautschuk auf Grund seiner Empfindlichkeit gegenüber UV‐Licht, Ozon und Hitze aber überfordert ist: Über die Hälfte der heute verbrauchten Kautschuke stammen aus den Reaktoren der Chemischen Industrie. Synthesekautschuke sind ihrem natürlichen “Vorbild” nicht nur in Sachen Alterungs‐ und Chemikalienbeständigkeit überlegen: Sie können äußerst effektiv an immer neue Anforderungen angepasst werden – etwa durch Variation ihrer Zusammensetzung und Molekülarchitektur, durch Einsatz neuer Katalysatoren und Produktionsverfahren und nachträgliche Modifikation des Polymers. Diese Entwicklungsarbeiten erfordern ein vertieftes Verständnis der Gummichemie und ‐Physik.
Long‐term outcomes after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases in young patients
Authors: de Haas Robbert J. , Wicherts Dennis A. , Salloum Chadi , Andreani Paola , Sotirov Dobromir , Adam René , Castaing Denis , Azoulay Daniel
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND:

Long‐term outcomes after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in relatively young patients are still unknown. The aim of the current study was to evaluate long‐term outcomes in patients ≤40 years old, and to compare them with patients >40 years old.

METHODS:

All consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases at the authors' hospital between 1990 and 2006 were included in the study. Patients ≤40 years old were compared with all other patients treated during the same period. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were determined, and prognostic factors were identified.

RESULTS:

In total, 806 patients underwent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases, of whom 56 (7%) were aged ≤40 years. Among the young patients, more colorectal liver metastases were present at diagnosis, and they were more often diagnosed synchronous with the primary tumor. Five‐year OS was 33% in young patients, compared with 51% in older patients (P = .12). Five‐year PFS was 2% in young patients, compared with 16% in older patients (P < .001). DFS rates were comparable between the groups (17% vs 23%, P = .10). At multivariate analysis, age ≤40 years was identified as an independent predictor of poor PFS.

CONCLUSIONS:

In young patients, colorectal liver metastases seem to be more aggressive, with a trend toward lower OS, more disease recurrences, and a significantly shorter PFS after hepatectomy. However, DFS rates were comparable between young and older patients, owing to an aggressive multimodality treatment approach, consisting of chemotherapy and repeat surgery. Therefore, physicians should recognize the poor outcome of colorectal liver metastases in young patients and should consider an aggressive approach to diagnosis and early treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Are patients of low socioeconomic status receiving suboptimal management for pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Cheung Michael C. , Yang Relin , Byrne Margaret M. , Solorzano Carmen C. , Nakeeb Attila , Koniaris Leonidas G.
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to define the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and other demographic variables on outcomes for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

METHODS:

Florida cancer registry and inpatient hospital data were queried for pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 1998 to 2002.

RESULTS:

In total, 16,104 patients were identified. Low SES (LSES) patients were younger at diagnosis (P < .001) but presented with similar disease stage and tumor grade. LSES patients were less likely to receive surgical extirpation (16.5% vs 19.8%; P < .001), chemotherapy (30.7% vs 36.4%; P < .001), or radiotherapy (14.3% vs 16.9%; P = .003). Among surgical patients, 30‐day mortality was significantly higher (5.1% vs 3.7%; P < .001) and overall median survival was significantly worse (5.0 months vs 6.2 months; P < .001) in the LSES cohorts. Although surgical patients who were treated at teaching facilities (TF) did significantly better; an increased 30‐day surgical mortality (2.2% vs 1.3%; P < .001) and decreased median survival (5 months for poverty level >15% vs 6.2 months for poverty level <5%; P < .001) also were observed for patients of LSES. In a multivariate analysis that corrected for patient comorbidities, significant independent predictors of a poorer prognosis included LSES (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09); treatment at a non‐TF (HR, 1.09); and failure to receive surgical extirpation (HR, 1.92), chemotherapy (HR 1.41), or radiation (HR 1.25).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients of LSES were less likely to receive surgical extirpation, chemotherapy, or radiation and had significantly higher perioperative and long‐term mortality rates. A greater understanding of the barriers to providing optimal care and identifying means for improving successful delivery of therapies to the poor with pancreatic cancer are needed. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Life expectancy of screen‐detected invasive breast cancer patients compared with women invited to the Nijmegen screening program
Authors: Otten Johannes D. M. , Broeders Mireille J. M. , Den Heeten Gerard J. , Holland Roland , Fracheboud Jacques , De Koning Harry J. , Verbeek André L. M.
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND:

Screening can lead to earlier detection of breast cancer and thus to an improvement in survival. The authors studied the life expectancy of women with screen‐detected invasive breast cancer (patients) compared with women invited to the breast cancer screening program in Nijmegen, the Netherlands (comparison group).

METHODS:

Each patient diagnosed between 1975 and 2006 was randomly age‐matched with a woman invited in the same calendar year and free from breast cancer at the time of diagnosis of the patient. Survival analyses were performed to study differences in life expectancy.

RESULTS:

The life expectancy for 858 patients was 6 years shorter than for the comparison group. However, for 360 patients with small (<15 mm) invasive breast cancer, life expectancy was similar to that of the comparison group. In contrast, for patients detected with larger tumors (≥15 mm) the life expectancy was 6 to 12 years shorter, depending on tumor size. Furthermore, life expectancy was modified by screening history. For patients who had a negative screening examination 2 years before the detection of their breast cancer, the difference in life expectancy from the comparison group became smaller for the larger tumor sizes (≥15 mm).

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, about 40% (360 of 858) of all women with invasive screen‐detected breast cancer have the same life expectancy as women from the comparison group (reflecting the general population). For women diagnosed with larger tumors at diagnosis, life expectancy diminishes with increasing tumor size and is modified by screening history. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Retinal photoreceptor arrangement, SWS1 and LWS opsin sequence, and electroretinography in the South American marsupial Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839)
Authors: Palacios Adrián G. , Bozinovic Francisco , Vielma Alex , Arrese Catherine A. , Hunt David M. , Peichl Leo
Published: December 2009

We studied the retinal photoreceptors in the mouse opossum Thylamys elegans, a nocturnal South American marsupial. A variety of photoreceptor properties and color vision capabilities have been documented in Australian marsupials, and we were interested to establish what similarities and differences this American marsupial showed. Thylamys opsin gene sequencing revealed two cone opsins, a longwave‐sensitive (LWS) opsin and a shortwave‐sensitive (SWS1) opsin with deduced peak sensitivities at 560 nm and 360 nm (ultraviolet), respectively. Immunocytochemistry located these opsins to separate cone populations, a majority of LWS cones (density range 1,600–5,600/mm2) and a minority of SWS1 cones (density range 100–690/mm2). With rod densities of 440,000–590,000/mm2, the cones constituted 0.4–1.2% of the photoreceptors. This is a suitable adaptation to nocturnal vision. Cone densities peaked in a horizontally elongated region ventral to the optic nerve head. In ventral—but not dorsal—retina, roughly 40% of the LWS opsin‐expressing cones occurred as close pairs (double cones), and one member of each double cone contained a colorless oil droplet. The corneal electroretinogram (ERG) showed a high scotopic sensitivity with a rod peak sensitivity at 505 nm. At mesopic light levels, the spectral ERG revealed the contributions of a UV‐sensitive SWS1 cone mechanism and an LWS cone mechanism with peak sensitivities at 365 nm and 555 nm, respectively, confirming the tuning predictions from the cone opsin sequences. The two spectral cone types provide the basis for dichromatic color vision, or trichromacy if the rods contribute to color processing at mesopic light levels. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1589–1602, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenin 3 cellular and subcellular localization in the developing and adult hippocampus
Authors: Simon‐Areces Julia , Membrive Gema , Garcia‐Fernandez Carmen , Garcia‐Segura Luis Miguel , Arevalo Maria‐Angeles
Published: December 2009

Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), a proneural gene controlled by the Notch receptor, is implicated in the control of dendrite morphology and synaptic plasticity of cultured hippocampal neurons. Here we report the localization and subcellular distribution of Ngn3 in the hippocampus in vivo and in neuronal cultures. In situ hybridization showed Ngn3 mRNA expression in the pyramidal layer and dentate gyrus of adult mouse hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that Ngn3 localization is mostly cytoplasmic in the hippocampal eminence at embryonic day (E)17 and postnatal day (P)0. At P10 it is cytoplasmic in CA1–CA3 pyramidal neurons and nuclear in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. In the adult hippocampus Ngn3 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of both pyramidal neurons and granule cells. During development of cultured hippocampal neurons, Ngn3 mRNA expression is higher at stages of neuronal polarization, as judged by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and it is mostly cytoplasmic. The tracking of the subcellular localization of Ngn3 in neurons infected with a virus expressing myc‐Ngn3 suggests that the protein is quickly translocated to the cell nucleus after synthesis and then reexported to the cytoplasm. Treatment with leptomycinB, a potent and specific inhibitor of the exportin CRM1, induced its accumulation into the nucleus, suggesting that CRM1 mediates the nuclear export of Ngn3. These results suggest that Ngn3 may play a role in neuronal development by actions in the cytoplasm. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1814–1824, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of sensory activity on chemospecific populations of interneurons in the adult olfactory bulb
Authors: Bastien‐Dionne Pierre‐Olivier , David Linda S. , Parent André , Saghatelyan Armen
Published: December 2009

The olfactory bulb (OB) retains a remarkable capacity to renew its interneuronal populations throughout the lifespan of animals. Neuronal precursors giving rise to the bulbar interneurons are generated in the subventricular zone and have to migrate long distances before reaching the OB. In the adult OB these neuronal precursors differentiate into distinct neuronal types, including GABAergic cells located in the granule cell layer and a diverse set of neurons in the glomerular layer comprising GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons, as well as other neuronal subtypes expressing calretinin and calbindin. While the role of sensory activity in the integration and/or survival of newly generated cells in the olfactory system is well established, very little is known about how odorant‐induced activity affects fate specification of newborn cells as well as survival and fate maintenance of preexisting neuronal populations generated in adulthood. The present study demonstrates that sensory deprivation diminishes not only the number of newborn cells in the OB, but also reduces the density of granule and periglomerular cells generated before nostril occlusion. It also shows that sensory activity has an important influence on the development and expression of dopaminergic, but not GABAergic, calretinin or calbindin phenotypes. Our data reveal that odorant‐induced activity is important for the survival of both newborn and preexisting OB interneurons generated at adulthood and suggests that these chemospecific populations are differentially affected by sensory deprivation. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1847–1861, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.