bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Impact of Spacing, Pinching and Growth Retardants on Vegetative Growth and Flowering Behaviour of Salvia
Authors: B.D.V.V.N. Srilakshmi , Maharana Kaberi , Pavani N. Amrutha , K.K Kusuma
Published: June 2024

The present investigation entitled “Studies on the impact of spacing, pinching and growth retardants on vegetative growth and flowering behaviour of Salvia” was conducted at College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during December 2021 to April 2022. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications, comprising of 12 treatment combinations which includes the first factor spacing with two levels i.e., S1 (20 cm x 25 cm) and S2 (25 cm x 25 cm), second factor pinching with two levels i.e., P0 (no pinching) and P1 (pinching) and the third factor application of growth retardants with three levels i.e., G0 (control), G1 (CCC @500ppm) and G2 (MH @100ppm). The findings revealed that pinching and the application of growth retardants had a greater impact on critical flowering attributes than the spacing experimented with in this study. Treatment combination S2P1G1 i.e., T11 was proved to be better and yielded significant improvements. Based on the results it was concluded that pinching and application of CCC resulted in better growth and development in salvia regarding vegetative and flowering characters. Thus, the treatment combination S2P1G1 i.e., T11 was found to be superior for vegetative growth characters like plant height, the number of branches, the number of leaves and flowering characters like the number of flower spikes per plant, length of flower spike, and length of florets.
8. References
Authors: Cross Morag , Dalland Magnar , Moretti Debora
Published: June 2024

The proposed development at Beaverbank Place, Canonmills, Edinburgh led to the excavation of the remains of the 19th-century Beaverbank Tannery. Accompanying historical research allowed the history of the ownership and tenancies of the buildings and various businesses to be traced from 1807 to 1959. This included the early 19th-century Clark’s Mill linen bleachers and the 1868 tannery built by the Johnston family and later leased by family firms of the Pringles and Walkers. A period of abandonment between 1913 and 1915 was followed by the repurposing of the building as a sawmill and cooperage. Part of the site changed again to become a motor garage in 1928.
The remains can be matched well with historic map evidence and appear to relate predominantly to the late 19th-century tannery structures. Remains were found of approximately 100 tanning pits set out in a grid pattern, with further features related to drainage, paving and other structures. Very little environmental or artefactual evidence was recovered to shed light on specific practices, materials used or materials produced.
There were also scant structural remains that could be related to the earlier linen bleachers and to the later motor garage.
Detection, Isolation, and Identification of Vibrio cholerae from the Environment
Authors: Huq Anwar , Haley Bradd J. , Taviani Elisa , Chen Arlene , Hasan Nur A. , Colwell Rita R.
Published: August 2012

Recent molecular advances in microbiology have greatly improved the detection of bacterial pathogens in the environment. These improvements and a downward trend in the cost of molecular detection methods have contributed to increased frequency of detection of pathogenic microorganisms where traditional culture‐based detection methods have failed. Culture methods also have been greatly improved, and the confluence of the two suites of methods provides a powerful tool for detection, isolation, and characterization of pathogens. While molecular detection provides data on the presence and type of pathogens, culturing methods allow a researcher to preserve the organism of interest for “‐omics” studies, such as genomic, metabolomic, secretomic, and transcriptomic analysis, which are rapidly becoming more affordable. This has yielded a clearer understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of microorganisms that cause disease. In this unit, we present commonly accepted methods for isolation, detection, and characterization of V. cholerae, providing more extensive knowledge of the ecology and epidemiology of this organism. This unit has been fully revised and updated from the earlier version with the latest knowledge and additional information not previously included. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 26:6A.5.1‐6A.5.51. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production and Discovery of Novel Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors
Authors: Mueller Christian , Ratner Dmitry , Zhong Li , Esteves‐Sena Miguel , Gao Guangping
Published: August 2012

In this unit, we describe the detailed procedure for a three‐plasmid transfection method for rAAV production, and discuss its advantages, limitations, and troubleshooting techniques. We further discuss the rAAV purification process using CsCl gradients, as well as subsequent quality control methods using SDS‐PAGE and real‐time PCR to assess vector purity, packaging efficiency, and viral titer. Finally, we elaborate on a PCR‐based strategy that can be used to discover novel AAV capsid sequences from primate tissue, which can be used to develop newer‐generation rAAVs with a greater diversity of tissue tropism for clinical gene therapy. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 26:14D.1.1‐14D.1.21. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene Transfer in the Lung Using Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus
Authors: Gruntman Alisha M. , Mueller Christian , Flotte Terence R. , Gao Guangping
Published: August 2012

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) is a small replication‐deficient DNA virus belonging to the Parvovirinae family. It has a single‐stranded ∼4.7‐kb genome. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) is created by replacing the viral rep and cap genes with the transgene of interest along with promoter and polyadenylation sequences. The short viral inverted terminal repeats must remain intact for replication and packaging in production, as well as vector genome processing and persistence in the transduction process. The AAV capsid (serotype) determines the tissue tropism of the rAAV vector. In this unit we will discuss serotype selection for lung targeting along with the factors effecting efficient delivery of rAAV vectors to the murine lung. Detailed procedures for lung delivery (intranasal, orotracheal, and surgical tracheal injection), sample collection, and post‐mortem tissue processing will be described. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 26:14D.2.1‐14D.2.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional Nanogels as Platforms for Imparting Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiadhesion Activities to Stainless Steel
Authors: Faure Emilie , Falentin‐Daudré Céline , Lanero Tiziana Svaldo , Vreuls Christelle , Zocchi Germaine , Van De Weerdt Cécile , Martial Joseph , Jérôme Christine , Duwez Anne‐Sophie , Detrembleur Christophe
Published: August 2012

In this work, long‐term antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm activities are afforded to industrial stainless steel surfaces following a green and bio‐inspired strategy. Starting from catechol bearing synthetic polymers, the film cross‐linking and the grafting of active (bio)molecules are possible under environmentally friendly conditions (in aqueous media and at room temperature). A bio‐inspired polyelectrolyte, a polycation‐bearing catechol, is used as the film‐anchoring polymer while a poly(methacrylamide)‐bearing quinone groups serves as the cross‐linking agent in combination with a polymer bearing primary amine groups. The amine/quinone reaction is exploited to prepare stable solutions of nanogels in water at room temperature that can be easily deposited to stainless steel. This coating provides quinone‐functionalized surfaces that are then used to covalently anchor active (bio)molecules (antibiofilm enzyme and antiadhesion polymer) through thiol/quinone reactions.
Effects of Heteroatom Substitutions on the Crystal Structure, Film Formation, and Optoelectronic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Materials
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Walker Bright , Tamayo Arnold , Zhang Yuan , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen
Published: August 2012

Substitution of the heteroatoms in the aromatic end‐groups of three diketopyrrolopyrrole containing small molecules is investigated to evaluate how such substitutions affect various physical properties, charge transport, and the performance in bulk heterojunction solar cells. While the optical absorption and frontier orbital energy levels are insensitive to heteroatom substitution, the materials' solubility, thermal properties, film morphology, charge carrier mobility, and photovoltaic performance are altered significantly. Differences in material properties are found to arise from changes in intra‐ and intermolecular interactions in the solid state caused by heteroatom substitution, as revealed by the single crystal structures of three compounds. This study demonstrates a systematic investigation of structure–property relationships in conjugated small molecules.
Laminar‐forced convection mass transfer to ordered and disordered single layer arrays of spheres
Authors: Ambesi D. , Kleijn C.R.
Published: August 2012

Laminar forced convection mass transfer to single layers of equidistantly and nonequidistantly spaced spheres perpendicular to the flow direction is studied. Average Sherwood numbers are reported as a function of geometric configurations and flow conditions, for open frontal area fractions between 0.25 and 0.95, Schmidt numbers between 0.7 and 10, and Reynolds numbers (based on the sphere diameter and the free stream velocity) between 0.1 and 100. For equidistantly spaced arrays of spheres, a general analytical expression is proposed for the average Sherwood number as a function of the Reynolds number, Schmidt number and the open frontal area fraction, as well as asymptotic scaling rules for small and large Reynolds. For all studied Schmidt numbers, equidistant arrays exhibit decreasing average Sherwood numbers for decreasing open frontal area fractions at low Reynolds numbers. For high Reynolds numbers, the Sherwood number approaches that of a single sphere, independent of the open frontal area fraction. For equal open frontal area fractions, the Sherwood number in nonequidistant arrays is lower than in equidistant arrays for intermediate Reynolds numbers. For very low and high Reynolds numbers, nonuniformity does not influence mass transfer. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1400–1408, 2013
All‐cause mortality and cancer incidence among adults exposed to blue asbestos during childhood
Authors: Reid Alison , Franklin Peter , Olsen Nola , Sleith Jan , Samuel Latha , Aboagye‐Sarfo Patrick , de Klerk Nicholas , Musk A.W. (Bill)
Published: August 2012

Background

There are few data on the long‐term health outcomes of exposure to asbestos in childhood. This study investigated cancer and mortality of adults exposed to blue asbestos as children.

Methods

Data linkage to relevant health registries was used to identify cancers and mortality in a cohort of adults (n = 2,460) that had lived in an asbestos mining town during their childhood (<15 years).

Results

There were 217 (93 female) incident cancers and 218 (70 female) deaths among the cohort. Compared with the Western Australian population females had elevated mesothelioma, ovarian and brain cancers, and increased “all cause” and “all cancer” mortality. Males had elevated mesothelioma, leukemia, prostate, brain, and colorectal cancers, and excess mortality from “all causes,” “all cancers,” circulatory disease, diseases of the nervous system, and accidents.

Conclusion

Exposure to blue asbestos in childhood is associated with an increased risk of cancer and mortality in adults. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:133–145, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new liquid rubber‐assisted dispersion of organoclay in carbon black filled carboxylated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber matrix
Authors: Sreenivasan Praveen , Ratna Debdatta , Albert Pradeesh , Somashekaran Jayendran , Raut Rohidas , Chakraborty Bikash Chandra
Published: August 2012

A novel route for the preparation of rubber–carbon black–nanoclay (NC) nanocomposites with XNBR as a matrix and a carboxyl‐terminated copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile (CTBN) as a low‐molecular‐weight modifier for commercially available NC is presented in this article. The addition of NC to the rubber (after the NC was mixed with CTBN in a 2 : 1 ratio) showed remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties. The clay loading was varied from 0 to 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr). An amount of 20 phr N330 black was incorporated into all of the formulations. The properties were compared with those of a control XNBR compound having only 20 phr N330. X‐ray diffraction revealed a combination of a high level of intercalated and exfoliated structures in such nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the improvement in dispersion as a result of addition of CTBN. A 127% increase in the tensile strength and a 53% increase in the elongation at break were achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Migration of phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizers out of plasticized PVC films into air
Authors: Tüzüm Demir A. P. , Ulutan S.
Published: August 2012

The aim of the present work is to provide information about the migration of phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizers generally used in flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) applications. Plastisols (pastes) were prepared by mixing PVC, plasticizer, and thermal stabilizer. The plasticized PVC (p‐PVC) films are obtained by gelation at 160°C for 15 min. The p‐PVC films were heat treated at 50, 85, 100, 130, and 160°C up to 420 min to follow the mass loss to find out diffusivity of plasticizer out of films into air and to determine related activation energies. The films having di‐octyl terephthalate (DOTP) and di‐isononyl 1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (DINCH) exhibited the lowest mass loss in general, among the phthalate and non‐phthalate plasticizer having p‐PVC films, respectively, as confirmed by FTIR investigation. The same tendency was observed for diffusion coefficients and for the activation energies of migration. The diffusion coefficients were found to be around 3.5 × 10−18–2.1 × 10−17 m2/sec for the studied plasticizers in PVC at 50°C and around 4.0 × 10−15–9.9 × 10−14 m2/sec at 160°C. The activation energies for 85–160°C interval were determined to be between 70 and 153 kJ/mol (0.72–1.58 eV) for the plasticizers used herein those could be treated as a homologous series as deduced from the related compensation factors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Analysis of audio magnetic tapes with sticky shed syndrome by ATR‐FTIR
Authors: Hobaica S.
Published: August 2012

Audio magnetic tapes that are difficult to play may be affected by a form of degradation called “sticky shed syndrome” (SSS). SSS exhibits physical symptoms during playing such as squealing, not packing tightly on the reel and possible tape material loss during playing. This research investigated attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to identify spectroscopic markers for SSS in audio magnetic tapes with poly(ester urethane) (PEU) binder layer. This article presents results for applying this technique to 50 audio magnetic tapes from the Library of Congress (LC) collections. This technique and analysis is intended to be used as a tool in identifying audio magnetic tapes with SSS from the mid 1970s through the 90s for improved preservation and to increase workflow in libraries and archives. This ATR‐FTIR technique had a success rate of 71% for identifying SSS tapes and 86% for non‐SSS tapes. The research also discusses spectral and chemical changes in the PEU binder layer between SSS tapes, non‐SSS, and SSS tapes treated by baking including changes in hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl groups. The results support chemical/physical changes occurring in the soft segment of the PEU binder layer of SSS tapes. The absorption ratio of free to hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups was also correlated with SSS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synergistic effects of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate with a new carbon source derived from biomass in flame retardant ABS
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Xiaoling , Fang Zhengping
Published: August 2012

A novel flame retardant system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and expandable graphite (EG) with a new carbon source, poly(diphenolic phenyl phosphate) (poly(DPA‐PDCP)), derived from biomass has been proven to be effective in preventing melting drip and improving flame retardancy of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) in this study, which was manifested by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flammability (UL‐94) tests. The optimal synergy was exhibited at a loading of 30 wt % of three flame retardants in a proper ratio (APP/poly(DPA‐PDCP)/EG = 12/3/15). Thermogravimetric analysis result indicated the char residue and the thermal stability could be enhanced because of the synergistic effect of APP/poly(DPA‐PDCP)/EG, which is elaborated by a hypothesis of flame retardancy mechanism of the three components. The morphologies of cross‐section and char residue by SEM were also described. The dynamic mechanical analysis implied that APP/poly(DPA‐PDCP)/EG together can enhance the dynamic mechanical property of ABS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Mechanical properties of block poly(propylene carbonate‐cyclohexyl carbonate) investigated by nanoindentation and DMA methodologies
Authors: Chen Shaoyun , Xiao Min , Wang Shuanjin , Han Dongmei , Meng Yuezhong
Published: August 2012

To extend the practical application of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), the chemical methods were used to improve its mechanical properties. In this connection, random copolymer poly(propylene‐cyclohexyl carbonate) (PPCHC) and di‐block copolymers poly(propylene carbonate‐cyclohexyl carbonate) (PPC‐PCHC) were synthesized. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), nanoindentation and nanoscratch test were applied to evaluate their mechanical properties. The storage's modulus, Young's modulus (E) and hardness (H) obtained from DMA and nanoindentation tests showed that the introduction of the third monomer cyclohexene oxide (CHO) can greatly improve the mechanical properties of PPC, and that the block copolymer PPC‐PCHC hand better mechanical properties than the random copolymer PPCHC. The annealing treated PPC‐PCHCs exhibited deteriorated mechanical properties as compared with untreated PPC‐PCHC. From the results of scratch tests, the plastic deformation of PPC‐PCHC was smaller than those of PPC and PPCHC. Meanwhile, the plastic deformations of the heat‐treated PPC‐PCHCs were smaller than the untreated PPC‐PCHC because of the possible rearrangement of the molecular chains of PPC‐PCHC. The scratch hardness (Hs) of the block copolymer PPC‐PCHC is larger than random polymer PPCHC and PPC, but lower than the values of heat‐treated samples indicating that the surfaces' hardness of block polymers increase after heat treatment. These different measurement methodologies provide a more precise assessment and understanding for the synthesized block polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Magnetic Prospecting for the Archaeology of Classe (Ravenna)
Authors: Boschi Federica
Published: August 2012

The town of Classe was founded at the beginning of the fifth century ad south of Ravenna. There are a few surviving monuments, such as the basilica of St Apollinare in Classe, as well as other important sites documented by the excavations of the University of Bologna and the Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Emilia Romagna. These are situated particularly in the areas of the commercial port and the Basilica of St Severo. Much of the remains of the ancient town are hidden beneath modern soils. An integrated project, initiated in 2005, was conducted to learn more about the buried remains and the ancient landscape of Classe. The project used historical and cartographic sources, geology and geomorphology studies, analysis of aerial photography, geophysical and remote sensing techniques, aerial and field walking surveys, and their integration with data from archaeological excavations. In order to obtain a synthesis of all the collected data, different data sets were processed and managed using a GIS platform. The paper presents some results of this research obtained from different geomagnetic prospecting systems in three relevant areas of Classe, particularly important for understanding the ancient urban topography of the site. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents as human teratogens
Authors: Selig Brady P. , Furr James R. , Huey Ryan W. , Moran Colin , Alluri Vinod N. , Medders Gregory R. , Mumm Christina D. , Hallford H. Gene , Mulvihill John J.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Cancer is the second leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Although the coincidence of pregnancy and cancer is rare and treatment may sometimes be safely delayed, the use of chemotherapeutic agents in pregnancy is sometimes unavoidable or inadvertent.

METHODS

We review the literature for the use of antineoplastic agents in single‐agent and combination therapy from 1951 through June 2012. We also summarize the evidence relating to teratogenicity of disorder‐specific combination chemotherapy treatments for those malignancies frequently encountered in women of childbearing age. Major endpoints were called “adverse pregnancy outcomes” (APOs), to include structural anomalies (congenital malformations), functional defects, blood or electrolyte abnormalities, stillbirths, spontaneous abortions (miscarriages), and fetal, neonatal, or maternal deaths.

RESULTS

The registry totals 863 cases. Rates of APOs (and congenital malformations) after any exposure were 33% (16%), 27% (8%), and 25% (6%), for first, second, and third trimesters. Among the groups of cancer drugs, antimetabolites and alkylating agents have the highest rates of APOs. Mitotic inhibitors and antibiotics seem more benign. Mixed results were observed from single‐agent exposure, often because of small numbers of exposures. As a whole, the alkylating agents and antimetabolites are more harmful when given as a single agent rather than as part of a regimen. First‐trimester exposure poses a more permanent risk to the fetus.

CONCLUSIONS

Systematic ascertainment of women early in pregnancy, preferably in a population base, is needed for assessment of true risks. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to rule out neurobehavioral effects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:626–650, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge‐Transfer Interactions in Tris‐Donor–Tris‐Acceptor Hexaarylbenzene Redox Chromophores
Authors: Steeger Markus , Lambert Christoph
Published: August 2012

Symmetric‐ and asymmetric hexaarylbenzenes (HABs), each substituted with three electron‐donor triarylamine redox centers and three electron‐acceptor triarylborane redox centers, were synthesized by cobalt‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization, thereby forming compounds with six‐ and four donor–acceptor interactions, respectively. The electrochemical‐ and photophysical properties of these systems were investigated by cyclovoltammetry (CV), as well as by absorption‐ and fluorescence spectroscopy, and compared to a HAB that only contained one neighboring donor–acceptor pair. CV measurements of the asymmetric HAB show three oxidation peaks and three reduction peaks, whose peak‐separation is greatly influenced by the conducting salt, owing to ion‐pairing and shielding effects. Consequently, the peak‐separations cannot be interpreted in terms of the electronic couplings in the generated mixed‐valence species. Transient‐absorption spectra, fluorescence‐solvatochromism, and absorption spectra show that charge‐transfer states from the amine‐ to the boron centers are generated after optical excitation. The electronic donor–acceptor interactions are weak because the charge transfer has to occur predominantly through space. Moreover, the excitation energy of the localized excited charge‐transfer states can be redistributed between the aryl substituents of these multidimensional chromophores within the fluorescence lifetime (about 60 ns). This result was confirmed by steady‐state fluorescence‐anisotropy measurements, which further indicated symmetry‐breaking in the superficially symmetric HAB. Adding fluoride ions causes the boron centers to lose their accepting ability owing to complexation. Consequently, the charge‐transfer character in the donor–acceptor chromophores vanishes, as observed in both the absorption‐ and fluorescence spectra. However, the ability of the boron center as a fluoride sensor is strongly influenced by the moisture content of the solvent, possibly owing to the formation of hydrogen‐bonding interactions between water molecules and the fluoride anions.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Methylenecyclopropanes through CH Bond Cleavage: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Yufit Dmitry S.
Published: August 2012

Intermolecular hydroarylation reactions of highly strained methylenecyclopropanes 2‐phenylmethylenecyclopropane (1), 2,2‐diphenylmethylenecyclopropane (2), methylenespiropentane (3), bicyclopropylidene (4), (dicyclopropylmethylene)cyclopropane (5), and benzhydrylidenecyclopropane (6) through CH bond functionalization of 2‐phenylpyridine (7 a) and other arenes with directing groups were studied. The reaction was very sensitive to the substitution on the methylenecyclopropanes. Although these transformations involved (cyclopropylcarbinyl)–metal intermediates, substrates 1 and 4 furnished anti‐Markovnikov hydroarylation products with complete conservation of all cyclopropane rings in 11–93 % yield, whereas starting materials 3 and 5 were inert toward hydroarylation. Methylenecyclopropane 6 formed the products of formal hydroarylation reactions of the longest distal CC bond in the methylenecyclopropane moiety in high yield, and hydrocarbon 2 afforded mixtures of hydroarylated products in low yields with a predominance of compounds that retained the cyclopropane unit. As byproducts, Diels–Alder cycloadducts and self‐reorganization products were obtained in several cases from substrates 1–3 and 5. The structures of the most important new products have been unambiguously determined by X‐ray diffraction analyses. On the basis of the results of hydroarylation experiments with isotopically labeled 7 a‐[D5], a plausible mechanistic rationale and a catalytic cycle for these unusual ruthenium‐catalyzed hydroarylation reactions have been proposed. Arene‐tethered ruthenium–phosphane complex 53, either isolated from the reaction mixture or independently prepared, did not show any catalytic activity.
Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilized on Encapsulated Magnetic Nanoparticles for CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Vinoba Mari , Bhagiyalakshmi Margandan , Jeong Soon Kwan , Nam Sung Chan , Yoon Yeoil
Published: August 2012

Bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) was covalently immobilized onto OAPS (octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane)‐functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles by using glutaraldehyde as a spacer. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with SiO2, onto which was grafted OAPS, and the product was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, IR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and magnetometer analysis. The enzymatic activities of the free and Fe3O4/SiO2/OAPS‐conjugated BCA (FeCA) were investigated by hydrolyzing p‐nitrophenylacetate (p‐NPA), and hydration and sequestration of CO2 to CaCO3. The CO2 conversion efficiency and reusability of the FeCA were studied before and after washing the recovered FeCA by applying a magnetic field and quantifying the unreacted Ca2+ ions by using ion chromatography. After 30 cycles, the FeCA displayed strong activity, and the CO2 capture efficiency was 26‐fold higher than that of the free enzyme. Storage stability studies suggested that FeCA retained nearly 82 % of its activity after 30 days. Nucleation of the precipitated CaCO3 was monitored by using polarized light microscopy, which revealed the formation of two phases, calcite and valerite, at pH 10 upon addition of serine. The magnetic nanobiocatalyst was shown to be an excellent reusable catalyst for the sequestration of CO2.
Dependence of the Lifetime upon the Excitation Energy and Intramolecular Energy Transfer Rates: The 5D0 EuIII Emission Case
Authors: Ferreira Rute A. S. , Nolasco Mariela , Roma Ana C. , Longo Ricardo L. , Malta Oscar L. , Carlos Luis D.
Published: August 2012

In many EuIII‐based materials, the presence of an intermediate energy level, such as ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) states or defects, that mediates the energy transfer mechanisms can strongly affect the lifetime of the 5D0 state, mainly at near‐resonance (large transfer rates). We present results for the dependence of the 5D0 lifetime on the excitation wavelength for a wide class of EuIII‐based compounds: ionic salts, polyoxometalates (POMs), core/shell inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and nanotubes, coordination polymers, β‐diketonate complexes, organic–inorganic hybrids, macro‐mesocellular foams, functionalized mesoporous silica, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs). This yet unexplained behavior is successfully modelled by a coupled set of rate equations with seven states, in which the wavelength dependence is simulated by varying the intramolecular energy transfer rates. In addition, the simulations of the rate equations for four‐ and three‐level systems show a strong dependence of the emission lifetime upon the excitation wavelength if near‐resonant non‐radiative energy transfer processes are present, indicating that the proposed scheme can be generalized to other trivalent lanthanide ions, as observed for TbIII/CeIII. Finally, the proper use of lifetime definition in the presence of energy transfer is emphasized.
ChemInform Abstract: The Near Infrared Absorption Properties of W18O49.
Authors: Guo Chongshen , Yin Shu , Dong Qiang , Sato Tsugio
Published: August 2012

Hollow urchin‐like W18O49 nanoparticles are solvothermally synthesized from W(CO)6 dispersed in EtOH (autoclave, 200 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cation‐Size‐Mismatch Tuning of Photoluminescence in Oxynitride Phosphors.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Liu Ru‐Shi , Attfield J. Paul
Published: August 2012

The oxonitridoaluminosilicates M1.95Eu0.05Si5‐xAlx N8‐xOx (M: Ca, Sr, Ba; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Ba3N2, Sr3N2, Ca3N2, α‐Si3N4, EuN, and Al2O3 (BN crucible, 0.5 MPa N2, 1600 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Ammine Dual‐Cation (Li, Mg) Borohydride: Synthesis, Structure, and Dehydrogenation Enhancement.
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Chen Xiaowei , Gu Qinfen , Wallwork Kia S. , Tan Yingbin , Tang Ziwei , Yu Xuebin
Published: August 2012

LiMg(BH4)3(NH3)2 is synthesized by ball‐milling of a 1:2 mixture of Mg(BH4)2 and LiBH4·NH3 (argon atmosphere, 350 rpm, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism and Oxide Ion Migration Pathways in Fluorite‐Type Bismuth Vanadate, Bi46V8O89.
Authors: Kuang Xiaojun , Payne Julia L. , Farrell James D , Johnson Mark R. , Radosavljevic Evans Ivana
Published: August 2012

A new polymorph of the title compound, β‐Bi46V8O89, is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3 and V2O5 (700, 750, 800, and 825 °C, 12 h at each temperature, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterometallic, Hybrid, Heavy Main‐Group Iodometallates Containing Lanthanide Complexes: Template Synthesis, Structures, Thermal, Optical, Luminescent and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Mishra Shashank , Jeanneau Erwann , Iasco Olga , Ledoux Gilles , Luneau Dominique , Daniele Stephane
Published: August 2012

Compounds (III), (IV), and (VII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and diffuse reflectance and luminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: {W48} Ring Opening: Fe16‐Containing, Ln4‐Stabilized 49‐Tungsto‐8‐Phosphate Open Wheel [Fe16O2(OH)23(H2O)9 (P8W49O189)Ln4 (H2O)20]11‐.
Authors: Ismail Amal H. , Bassil Bassem S. , Yassin Ghada H. , Keita Bineta , Kortz Ulrich
Published: August 2012

K8.5Na0.5Li0.5Eu0.5 [P8W49O189Fe16O2 (OH)23(H2O)9Eu4(H 2O)20]·70H2O (I) and K9LiNa [P8W49O189Fe16O2 (OH)23(H2O)9 Gd4(H2O)20]·50H2 O (II) are synthesized from mixtures of FeCl3, EuCl3 or GdCl3, H2O2, and K28Li5 [H7P8W48O184] in a LiOC/AcOH solution (pH 4, 80°C, 1 h, 10% yield each).
ChemInform Abstract: Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Cu2MnSnS4 Nanocrystals with a Novel Zincblende and Wurtzite Structure.
Authors: Liang Xiaolu , Guo Peng , Wang Gang , Deng Ruiping , Pan Daocheng , Wei Xianhua
Published: August 2012

For the first time, Cu2MnSnS4 nanocrystals with wurtzite and zincblende structure are synthesized by injecting an oleylamine solution of sulfur powder and thiourea, resp., into an oleylamine solution of Cu(OAc)2, SnCl4, and Mn(OAc)2 at 270 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Easily Accessible Chiral Dicyclopentadiene Ligands for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition Reactions.
Authors: Shao Cheng , Yu Hong‐Jie , Feng Chen‐Guo , Wang Rui , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: August 2012

A novel class of C1‐symmetric chiral diene ligands is developed, mainly by derivatization of parent CDL.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols in the Liquid Phase with Nanoporous Gold Catalysts.
Authors: Asao Naoki , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

The nanoporous Au‐catalyst, obtained by dealloying of Au30Ag70 alloy thin films with HNO3, is reusable multiple times without leaching and loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO‐Mediated Oxidation of Alcohols with Ion‐Supported (Diacetoxyiodo)benzenes.
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Iinuma Masataka , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: August 2012

Efficient ion‐supported reagents (I) and (II) are applied to the oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols with similar efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: From Olefination to Alkylation: In situ Halogenation of Julia—Kocienski Intermediates Leading to Formal Nucleophilic Iodo‐ and Bromodifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Gao Bing , Hu Jinbo
Published: August 2012

Difluoromethyl pyridyl sulfones and aldehydes or ketones undergo a base‐mediated rearrangement to give sulfinate intermediates which are iodinated or brominated to give the target CF2I‐ or CF2Br‐substituted compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrogenerated Acetonitrile Anion Induced Selective N‐Alkylation of Bifunctional Compounds.
Authors: Feroci Marta , De Vita Daniela , Scipione Luigi , Sotgiu Giovanni , Tortorella Silvano
Published: August 2012

Galvanostatic reduction of a solution of acetonitrile and Et4NPF6 generates an acetonitrile anion as selective reagent in the alkylation of bifunctional substrates with alkyl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aldimines via Directed C—H Bond Functionalization: Addition of 2‐Arylpyridines and Self‐Coupling of Aromatic Aldimines.
Authors: Gao Ke , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: August 2012

It is demonstrated that a polar C—N double bond can serve as a reaction partner for cobalt‐catalyzed C—H bond functionalization.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(Phenylselenomethyl)phthalimide as New Reagent for Mild Protection of Alcohols as Pim‐Ethers.
Authors: Temperini Andrea , Minuti Lucio
Published: August 2012

A mild procedure is developed for the activation of selenide (II) with iodonium ion and subsequent reaction with alcohols to afford the corresponding hemiaminal derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Kulinkovich‐Type Reactions of Thioamides: Similar to Those of Carboxylic Amides?
Authors: Augustowska Ewelina , Boiron Antoine , Deffit Jerome , Six Yvan
Published: August 2012

Treatment of amides (V) and (VI) with Grignard reagents in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide leads to fused cyclopropane derivatives (III) and (VII), resp., while the analogous reaction of thioamide (I) gives rise to a mixture of aminocyclopropane derivative (III) and tertiary amines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of 1‐(1‐Alkynyl)cyclopropyl Ketones by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [4 + 3]Cycloaddition with Nitrones: Scope, Mechanism and Applications.
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Zhang Junliang
Published: August 2012

Gold‐catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 3]‐cycloaddition reaction is applied for the kinetic resolution of different cyclopropyl ketones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of Allenes by a Traceless Petasis Reaction.
Authors: Mundal Devon A. , Lutz Kelly E. , Thomson Regan J.
Published: August 2012

The coupling of hydroxyaldehydes or ketones with alkynyl trifluoroborate salts under conditions A) proceeds via sulfonylhydrazones and unstable propargylic hydrazide species which decompose to afford the allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Alkynylation of Imines with Alkynylcopper Reagents: A Straightforward and Practical Entry to Ynimines.
Authors: Laouiti Anouar , Jouvin Kevin , Bourdreux Flavien , Rammah Mohamed M. , Rammah Mohamed B. , Evano Gwilherm
Published: August 2012

Generally E/Z‐mixtures are obtained as products.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanoparticles Supported on the Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas as Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Room Temperature Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Esfahani Farhad Kabiri
Published: August 2012

Gold nanoparticles are immobilized on a periodic mesoporous organosilica, formed by cocondensation of 1,2‐bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane with 1,4‐bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene and Pluronic P123 as structure directing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Heck Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Vinyl Ethers to 3‐Alkoxy Alkenones and Pyrazoles.
Authors: Schranck Johannes , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2012

The novel method affords trans coupling products in all cases and proceeds in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Propargylic Alcohols to α,β‐Unsaturated Alkynals or Alkynones Catalyzed by Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, TEMPO and Sodium Chloride in Toluene.
Authors: Liu Jinxian , Xie Xi , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2012

A broad spectrum of target compounds is available in the presence of the catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Benzene with Aryl Bromides Using High‐Temperature/High‐Pressure Process Windows: Expanding the Scope of C—H Activation Chemistry.
Authors: Pieber Bartholomaeus , Cantillo David , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2012

By employing high‐throughput screening, a rapid determination of suitable catalyst/ligand/base combinations for the title reaction can be performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Ullmann‐Type Coupling Reactions in Alkaline Water.
Authors: Gaedda Thomas M. , Kawanishi Yuji , Miyazawa Akira
Published: August 2012

A facile route for the synthesis of biphenyls in water is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of γ‐Butenolides Catalyzed by Potassium tert‐Butoxide.
Authors: Du Guang‐Fen , He Lin , Gu Cheng‐Zhi , Dai Bin
Published: August 2012

tBuOK catalyzes the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction between aldehydes and 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)furan (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Hammet Constants Effects in Microwave Cascade Etherification—Cyclization—Krapcho Reaction to Access [2,3]‐Dihydrobenzofuran‐3‐ones from Salicylic Derivatives.
Authors: Farran Daniel , Bertrand Philippe
Published: August 2012

The title compounds (III) are synthesized from salicylate esters using microwave technology.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual and Chemoselective Reduction of Ester Grouping in N‐Substituted‐3‐acetylindoles by Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: Venkatanarayana Muvvala , Dubey Pramod K.
Published: August 2012

NaBH4 reduction of compounds (I) proceeds with excellent chemoselectivity at the ester group to give N‐hydroxyethyl derivatives (II), leaving the keto group intact.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkyloxindole.
Authors: Du Tai‐Ping , Zhu Gang‐Guo , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2012

Benzylamine in combination with acetic acid is identified as powerful catalyst for the sequential condensation—conjugate reduction of oxindole with aldehydes or ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Highly Functional Pyrrolizidine Derivatives from β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters and Proline via a Tandem Cycloaddition.
Authors: Kang Tai‐Ran , Cheng Yu , He Long , Ye Jia , Liu Quan‐Zhong
Published: August 2012

Azomethine ylides generated in situ from α‐ketoesters and racemic proline undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with further α‐keto ester to give diastereomerically pure title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazine‐Mediated Cyclization of Ugi Products to Synthesize Novel 3‐Hydroxypyrazoles.
Authors: Shaw Arthur Y. , McLaren Jonathan A. , Nichol Gary S. , Hulme Christopher
Published: August 2012

A three‐step sequence is presented via Ugi four‐component reaction followed by debenzylation and cyclization with hydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New Thiazolidine Derivatives Containing Pyrazole Ring System.
Authors: Nishida Sho , Maruoka Hiroshi , Yoshimura Yuki , Goto Takao , Tomita Ryoko , Masumoto Eiichi , Okabe Fumi , Yamagata Kenji , Fujioka Toshihiro
Published: August 2012

Compounds (III), obtained by Knoevenagel‐type condensation reaction, undergo dimerization with sodium hydride to afford spirocyclic thiazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Metal‐Free Method for the Synthesis of Benzothiazolethiones from o‐Haloanilines and Carbon Disulfide.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Wang Fei , Xi Chanjuan
Published: August 2012

o‐Bromoanilines including N‐substituted derivatives and the iodo analogue (Ia) are transformed to the desired products in the presence of CS2 and DBU.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Huisgen Cycloaddition Strategy for the Efficient Assembly of Highly Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Wang Lei , Peng Shiyong , Danence Lee Jin Tu , Gao Yaojun , Wang Jian
Published: August 2012

The organocatalyzed Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition allows the synthesis of 1,2,3.triazoles with a diverse set of functional groups in the 1‐, 4‐, or 5‐positions.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Transformations of 4‐Methylcoumarins Using Dimethyldioxirane.
Authors: Cavar Sanja , Kovac Franci
Published: August 2012

4‐Methylcoumarins (I) are regioselectively oxidized by dimethyldioxirane to give the corresponding hydroxy (II) and epoxy derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyl Substitutional Effect on Selective Synthesis of cis, trans Stilbenes and 3‐Arylcoumarins Through Perkin Condensation.
Authors: Xiao Chun‐Fen , Zou Yong , Du Jiang‐Li , Sun Hong‐Yi , Liu Xian‐Ke
Published: August 2012

A dramatic effect of hydroxyl groups in the reaction of arylacetic acids with benzaldehydes is found.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthetic Route to Pyrano[2,3‐a]carbazole by Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Yamuna Ezhumalai , Prabakaran Kumaresan , Zeller Matthias , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra
Published: August 2012

Advantages of the introduced method are easy work‐up, mild reaction conditions, good yield and environmental friendliness.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some Novel Hydrazide, 1,2‐Dihydropyridine, Chromene, and Benzochromene Derivatives.
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Al‐Said Mansour S.
Published: August 2012

Hydrazidehydrazone derivative (I) undergoes heterocyclization reactions via its reaction with aromatic aldehydes (II) or arylidenemalononitriles (IV) to produce arylidene and dihydropyridine derivatives (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Scalable Synthesis of Ethyl (R)‐Piperidine‐3‐acetate.
Authors: Zhu Ying‐Guang , Kan Hong‐Zhu , Jiang Li‐Qin , Hu Wen‐Hao
Published: August 2012

Key feature of the novel synthesis of ethyl (R)‐piperidine‐3‐acetate is the hydrogenation of N‐benzylpyridinium chloride (I) to afford the racemic ethyl piperidinylacetate (II), which can be kinetically resolved by use of enantiopure mandelic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Phthalides: Facile Access to Chiral Substituted Isoquinolines and Isoquinolinones.
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Haifei , Zhong Fangrui , Kwiatkowski Jacek , Xu Li‐Wen , Lu Yixin
Published: August 2012

A variety of 3,3‐disubstituted phthalides (III) is prepared by an asymmetric Mannich reaction of esters (I) with imines (II) in the presence of a quinidine‐based multifunctional catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a] Pyridines Using Silica‐Supported Perchloric Acid (HClO4—SiO2) as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Habibi Azizollah , Tarameshloo Zahra , Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Amani Ali M.
Published: August 2012

Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (IV) are obtained smoothly by a three‐component condensation of 2‐aminopyridines, aromatic aldehydes and isocyanides in the presence of silica‐supported perchloric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds as Pentaerythritol Diacetals and Diketals in the Presence of Cellulose Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient, Biodegradable and Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Shaterian Hamid Reza , Rigi Fatemeh
Published: August 2012

The reaction is conducted under solvent‐free, environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthan Sulfuric Acid: A New and Efficient Biosupported Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Kuarm B. Suresh , Madhav J. Venu , Laxmi S. Vijaya , Rajitha B.
Published: August 2012

One‐pot three‐component reaction of β‐ketoester (I) with aldehydes (II) and (thio)urea (III) proceeds smoothly in the presence of xanthan sulfuric acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐(thio)ones Using IL‐ONO as Recyclable Base Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mirzai Mortaza , Valizadeh Hassan
Published: August 2012

The introduced nitrite ionic liquid can be reused as catalyst for five consecutive cycles of the Biginelli reaction without loss in efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones on Grinding under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ding Quan‐Sheng , Zhang Ji‐Lei , Chen Jiu‐Xi , Liu Miao‐Chang , Ding Jin‐Chang , Wu Hua‐Yue
Published: August 2012

Tandem reaction of anthranilamides or anthranilhydrazides with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes on grinding under citric acid promotion provides a library of dihydroquinazolinones with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrimido[5,4‐c]pyridazines and of Thiino[2,3‐d]pyrimidines Based on an Aza‐Wittig Reaction/Heterocyclization Strategy.
Authors: Barsy Magda A. , El Rady Eman A. , Ismael Mostafa A.
Published: August 2012

Pyrimidopyridazines (VI) and thiinopyrimidines (XI) are synthesized by a domino aza‐Wittig—heterocyclization reaction of phosphazenes (III) and (X) with phenylisocyanate (IV) and amines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine Derivatives via the Reaction of Isocyanides with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of 5‐Substituted Uracils.
Authors: Baharfar Robabeh , Baghbanian Seyed Meysam
Published: August 2012

The reaction between dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (II) and alkyl isocyanides (III) produces a reactive 1:1 adduct which is trapped by uracil derivatives (I) to provide the highly functionalized pyrimidooxazines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines peri‐Fused with 1,4‐Diazepine, 1,4‐Thiazepine, and 1,2,4‐Triazepine Rings.
Authors: Masevicius Viktoras , Juskenas Robertas , Tumkevicius Sigitas
Published: August 2012

Hitherto unknown ortho‐ and peri‐fused heterocyclic systems incorporating structural units of pyrazole, pyrimidine, 1,4‐diazepine, and 1,2,4‐triazepine are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Melanogenesis Inhibitory Bisabolane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Angelica koreana.
Authors: Hwang Bang Yeon , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

Bioactivity‐guided isolation leads to the identification of four new bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenoids, named osterivolone A (Ia), B (Ib), C (II) and D (III), together with four known natural substances.