bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O OUTRO COMO UTOPIA NA LITERATURA PORTUGUESA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Arenas Fernando
Published: January 2016

ESTE ESTUDO APONTA PARA UMA RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO UTÓ- PICO EM ALGUMAS EXPRESSÕES DA LITERATURA PORTUGUESA, DESTACANDO A RECENTE OBRA DE JOSÉ SARAMAGO. HISTORICAMENTE, SARAMAGO TEM-SE COMPROMETIDO COM VARIADOS ASPECTOS DO IDEÁRIO DA ESQUERDA INTERNACIONAL. PORÉM, DADA UMA SÉRIE DE MUDANÇAS RADICAIS A NÍVEL MUNDIAL DO PONTO DE VISTA HISTÓRICO, POLÍTICO E CULTURAL NAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS, A SUA OBRA APRESENTA MODALIDADES ÉTICO-POLÍTICAS ALTERNATIVAS QUE FOGEM À PRAXE TRADICIONAL DO SOCIALISMO DE ESTADO DURANTE O PERÍODO DA GUERRA FRIA.
MODELOS CRÍTICOS E REPRESENTAÇÕES DA ORALIDADE AFRICANA
Authors: Leite Ana Mafalda
Published: January 2016

OS ESTUDOS CRÍTICOS SOBRE LITERATURAS AFRICANAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA TÊM PARTILHADO DE UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO TEÓRICA ESTRANGEIRA FUNDAMENTAL, NOMEADAMENTE ORIUNDA DO MUNDO FRANCÓFONO OU ANGLÓFONO QUE, POR RAZÕES HISTÓRICAS, TÊM UM PERCURSO EDITORIAL E DE PESQUISA MAIS ANTIGO. OS ENSAIOS E TEORIZAÇÃO PROVENIENTES DESTAS DUAS ÁREAS CONFIRMAM QUE SÓ UM CONHECIMENTO APROFUNDADO DAS REALIDADES CULTURAIS SUBJACENTES AO TEXTO LITERÁRIO AFRICANO PERMITIRÁ CONFERIR AOS TEXTOS LITERÁ- RIOS A SUA POLIVALÊNCIA CULTURAL, O SEU CARÁCTER DIFERENCIAL.
FERREIRA DE ARAÚJO, PONTE ENTRE O BRASIL E PORTUGAL
Authors: Miné Elza
Published: January 2016

TEM-SE EM VISTA CHAMAR A ATENÇÃO PARA A FIGURA UM TANTO ESQUECIDA DE FERREIRA DE ARAÚJO E PARA A INTENSA AÇÃO CULTURAL POR ELE EXERCIDA ATRAVÉS DAS PÁGINAS DA GAZETA DE NOTÍCIAS DO RIO DE JANEIRO (1875-1900). ESTE JORNAL, ALÉM DE VIA DE ACESSO A INTERPRETAÇÕES DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIO-CULTURAL BRASILEIRO NO ÚLTIMO QUARTEL DO SÉCULO XIX, PODE TAMBÉM SER VISTO, DADA A EXPRESSIVA PARTICIPAÇÃO NELE MANTIDA POR ESCRITORES PORTUGUESES, COMO UM ESPAÇO PRIVILEGIADO PARA A CONSIDERAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES CULTURAIS BRASIL/PORTUGAL NESTE PERÍODO.
O SEGREDO DA BASTARDA, ROMANCE DA HISTÓRIA POLÍTICA E SOCIAL
Authors: Caniato Benilde Justo
Published: January 2016

CRISTINA NORTON, EM O SEGREDO DA BASTARDA, ORGANIZA A HISTÓRIA PELA FICÇÃO, AO NARRAR O PASSADO REFERENTE AOS SÉCULOS XVIII E XIX. A AUTORA, APÓS MINUCIOSA PESQUISA, DESCOBRE UMA MULHER NASCIDA NA SEGUNDA METADE DO SÉCULO XVIII, NETA DO MARQUÊS DE MARIALVA, QUE, VÍTIMA DO ASSÉDIO DE D. JOÃO VI, DÁ À LUZ UMA CRIANÇA, PASSANDO A VIVER RECLUSA EM CONVENTOS ATÉ SUA MORTE. PROCURAMOS ANALISAR O ROMANCE, CONSIDERANDO A ALTERNÂNCIA DE VOZES, COMO FORMAS COLETIVAS DE DISCURSO, ÀS QUAIS DENOMINAMOS, COMO LINDA HUTCHEON, DE “INTERDISCURSIVIDADE”.
VOZES MARGINAIS EM FOGO MORTO, DE JOSÉ LINS DO REGO
Authors: Álvares Aurora Gedra Ruiz , Lopondo Lílian
Published: January 2016

A LINGUAGEM CONSTITUI-SE DA IDEOLOGIA DO GRUPO SOCIAL QUE A ATUALIZA. FOGO MORTO, ROMANCE DE JOSÉ LINS DO REGO, NARRA A SAGA DA SOLIDÃO E DA EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL VIVIDA POR JOSÉ AMARO. O VETOR QUE IMPULSIONA AS AÇÕES DA PERSONAGEM ESTÁ LIGADO ÀS RAÍZES CULTURAIS DE UMA PEQUENA CIDADE NORDESTINA DO FINAL DO CICLO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR, ONDE AS NORMAS SOCIAIS SE TORNAM O DIVISOR DE ÁGUAS PARA A INTEGRAÇÃO AO MEIO. ESTE SERÁ O EIXO DAS TENSÕES VIVIDAS PELO PROTAGONISTA. O OBJETIVO DO NOSSO ESTUDO É O DE ANALISAR AS FORMAÇÕES IDEOLÓGICAS QUE CONSTROEM AS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS NO MUNDO DE JOSÉ AMARO E O DE EXAMINAR AS SOLUÇÕES LITERÁRIAS QUE JOSÉ LINS DO REGO ELEGE PARA DAR CORPO A ESSE ETHOS NO PROCESSO CRIADOR.
RUÍNAS DE MITOS, SEMENTES DE SONHOS: DITOS E PROVÉRBIOS EM GUIMARÃES ROSA E LUANDINO VIEIRA
Authors: Marquezini Fabiana Buitor Carelli
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: NESTE ENSAIO, A AUTORA ANALISA PROVÉRBIOS E AFORISMOS PRESENTES EM GRANDE SERTÃO: VEREDAS, DE GUIMARÃES ROSA, E EM JOÃO VÊNCIO: OS SEUS AMORES E NÓS, OS DO MAKULUSU, DE LUANDINO VIEIRA, ENQUANTO FORMAS TIPICAMENTE ORAIS APROPRIADAS PELO GÊNERO ROMANCE, REVELANDO SUA FUNÇÃO ESTRUTURAL NOS TEXTOS E OS MODOS DE SUA APROPRIAÇÃO PELA ESCRITA.
PROSA DE FICÇÃO E APELOS TEATRAIS: MANUEL DA FONSECA, JOSÉ LUANDINO VIEIRA, MIA COUTO, GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: Santilli Maria Aparecida
Published: January 2016

DESDE QUE AS CONVENÇÕES CLÁSSICAS SOBRE OS CÂNONES DO DISCURSO COMEÇARAM A SER MAIS LARGAMENTE DESCUMPRIDAS, CONFUNDIRAM-SE TAMBÉM AS FRONTEIRAS DOS GÊNEROS LITERÁRIOS. NESSE SENTIDO, O PRESENTE TRABALHO ANALISA ALGUNS CONTOS DA PRODUÇÃO LITERÁRIA EM LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA OS QUAIS, PRÓDIGOS EM RECURSOS CÊNICOS OU EM OUTRAS LINGUAGENS VISUALIZÁVEIS, ENGENDRAM, COM SUAS HISTÓRIAS, EMBRIÕES DE ESPETÁCULOS, QUE DEMANDARIAM UM ESPAÇO COMO O PALCO OU A TELA PARA CONSUMAR SUA PLENITUDE POTENCIAL DE SENTIDO.
AS IMAGENS LITERÁRIAS NA ESCRITA DE MIA COUTO E A PINTURA EXPRESSIONISTA ALEMÃ
Authors: Albergaria Enilce Rocha , Santos Rejane Granato
Published: January 2016

ESTE ESTUDO ANALISA POSSÍVEIS CONVERGÊNCIAS ENTRE OS ROMANCES TERRA SONÂMBULA E A VARANDA DO FRANGIPANI, DE MIA COUTO, E O EXPRESSIONISMO ALEMÃO DO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XX, CONSIDERANDO ESTE ÚLTIMO UMA RESPOSTA ESTÉTICA À MODERNIDADE ENQUANTO AMEAÇA À SENSIBILIDADE E À LIBERDADE DO HOMEM, E OS PRIMEIROS COMO TEXTOS LITERÁRIOS MARCADOS PELOS CONFLITOS CULTURAIS ENTRE OS VALORES DA MODERNIDADE E AS CULTURAS TRADICIONAIS DAS COMUNIDADES ÉTNICAS DE MOÇAMBIQUE.
HISTÓRIA, ENSAIO, INTERVALO OS LUGARES DA CRÍTICA E DA LITERATURA EM JOÃO ALEXANDRE BARBOSA
Authors: Sterzi Eduardo
Published: January 2016

EM ENTREVISTA CONCEDIDA SEIS ANOS ANTES DE SUA MORTE, OCORRIDA EM 2006, O CRÍTICO LITERÁRIO JOÃO ALEXANDRE BARBOSA EXPLICITARIA AO AUTOR O DESEJO DE ESCREVER UM “ENSAIO DE HISTÓRIA DA LITERATURA BRASILEIRA”, QUE PERMANECEU COMO PROJETO. NESTE ARTIGO, O AUTOR PROCURA CONFERIR LEGIBILIDADE À OBRA “NÃO-LEGÍVEL”, PORQUE NÃO EFETIVAMENTE ESCRITA, DO CRÍTICO BRASILEIRO, BUSCANDO VÊ-LA COMO UMA ESPÉCIE DE “MOTOR SECRETO” DE SEU PERCURSO CRÍTICO.
“NEGRITUDE”, “NEGRIDADE” , “NEGRÍCIA”: HISTÓRIA E SENTIDOS DE TRÊS CONCEITOS VIAJANTES
Authors: Ferreira Ligia F.
Published: January 2016

EMBORA DE USO FREQÜENTE, POUCO SE CONHECE, QUANDO NÃO SE CONFUNDE, A ORIGEM HISTÓRICA DA PALAVRA E DO CONCEITO DE “NEGRITUDE” NO BRASIL. ESTE ARTIGO SE PROPÕE A ANALISAR COMO O TERMO, CRIADO NO FINAL DOS ANOS 1930 POR INTELECTUAIS NEGROS DE LÍNGUA FRANCESA, SE IMPLANTOU, FOI RECEBIDO E SOFREU VARIAÇÕES SEMÂNTICAS NO PROCESSO DE ACLIMATAÇÃO À NOVA LÍNGUA E AO PAÍS, ESPECIALMENTE NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO, ONDE SE TENTOU NOMEAR O IDEAL DE VALORIZAÇÃO DO NEGRO TAMBÉM COMO “NEGRIDADE” E, POR UM CURTO PERÍODO DE TEMPO, “NEGRÍCIA”.
LITERATURA INFANTIL BRASILEIRA: DA COLONIZAÇÃO À BUSCA DA IDENTIDADE
Authors: Gregorin Filho José Nicolau
Published: January 2016

O PRESENTE TRABALHO BUSCA REVER O CONCEITO DE IDENTIDADE NACIONAL BRASILEIRA NO ÂMBITO DA LITERATURA INFANTIL, RELATIVIZANDO O ASPECTO HISTÓRICO E CRONOLÓGICO QUE O VEM NORTEANDO E ENFATIZANDO A VINCULAÇÃO DESSE GÊNERO ÀS PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS QUE FORAM SE IMPONDO À COMUNIDADE E À EDUCAÇÃO FORMAL NO BRASIL APÓS O SÉCULO XIX.
OS PROCEDIMENTOS DE ESCRITA DE JOSÉ CARDOSO PIRES
Authors: Margato Izabel
Published: January 2016

A OBRA DE JOSÉ CARDOSO PIRES PARECE PROPOR O DISCURSO LITERÁRIO COMO RELATO ALTERNATIVO AO DISCURSO OFICIAL, AQUELE PRODUZIDO PELO ESTADO PARA ESTABELECER CONSENSOS E FIXAR A SUA VERSÃO DOS FATOS. NESTE TRABALHO, A AUTORA BUSCA DESVELAR OS PROCEDIMENTOS DE ESCRITA MAIS EVIDENTES DA OBRA DE CARDOSO PIRES, QUE CONSTITUEM, SEGUNDO ELA, UM MOVIMENTO INTERROGATIVO QUE FAZ DE SUA ESCRITA UMA ESPÉCIE DE “PROVA”, A PARTIR DA QUAL SÃO AFERIDAS AS INTERPRETAÇÕES CONSAGRADAS PELO USO OU PELAS POLÍTICAS DE CONSENSO.
A GERAÇÃO DE 1870 E O BRASIL: ALGUNS ÂNGULOS E PERCURSOS
Authors: Miné Elza
Published: January 2016

O PRESENTE TRABALHO ANALISA O INTENSO TRÂNSITO DE RELAÇÕES LITERÁ- RIAS E INTELECTUAIS ENTRE PORTUGUESES E BRASILEIROS NO ÚLTIMO QUARTEL DO SÉCULO XIX, DESTACANDO A PRODUÇÃO JORNALÍSTICA DESSES ESCRITORES E A IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMPRENSA PARA A CONSIDERAÇÃO DE CERTAS IMAGENS DO BRASIL INSCRITAS EM SEUS TEXTOS.
A OFICINA NARRATIVA DA POESIA NA ESCRITA DE JOSÉ CRAVEIRINHA
Authors: Leite Ana Mafalda
Published: January 2016

O PRESENTE ARTIGO BUSCA DESVELAR O VÍNCULO ENTRE A ESCRITA NARRATIVA E A ESCRITA POÉTICA DO MOÇAMBICANO JOSÉ CRAVEIRINHA (1922-2003), MOSTRANDO QUE, TAL COMO SEUS POEMAS POSSUEM UMA FORTE CARGA NARRATIVA, SEUS CONTOS E CRÓNICAS APRESENTAM TAMBÉM UMA VERTENTE POÉTICA FUNDAMENTAL, MARCADA PELAS POÉTICAS ORAIS DO SUL DE MOÇAMBIQUE, AO MESMO TEMPO QUE PELO REGISTRO CULTO.
Short Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Allende Mikel , Molina Eva , González-Porras José Ramón , Toledo Estefanía , Lecumberri Ramón , Hermida José
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—

The risk of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) cannot be accurately assessed and novel tools are needed to improve prediction. We hypothesize that telomere shortening constitutes a novel risk factor for cardioembolic stroke in patients with AF.

Methods—

The peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 187 patients with AF, 93 of them without stroke history and 94 of them having suffered 1 cardioembolic stroke. Percentiles were calculated according to LTL values in the nonstroke group to estimate the cardioembolic stroke risk associated with LTL using logistic regression models.

Results—

Short LTL values were independently and dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of cardioembolic stroke, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.93 (1.24–6.94) and 6.26 (2.01–19.52), respectively, for sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and age-adjusted models using the LTL 10th and 5th percentile cut-offs, respectively.

Conclusions—

Telomere shortening is associated with cardioembolic stroke risk in patients with AF. Prospective studies are encouraged to establish the value of LTL to improve prediction tools to categorize cardioembolic stroke risk in AF.
Sound Pointage: Creation of Music by Accumulating Minimal Elements of Digital Information
Authors: Lee Byungjoo
Published: January 2016

Sound Pointage is type of artwork that demonstrates a new method of creating digital sound. It compiles minimal elements of digital information to build sound. In this approach, artists can control all aspects of sound rather than simply allocating abstract musical concepts such as notes. Sound Pointage was implemented with a high-performance computer mouse and was open to the public for two weeks. Visitors freely interacted with the work, and their actions were accumulated as a seamless waveform, eventually being converted into a hi-fi sound.
Anaphor Binding: What French Inanimate Anaphors Show
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle , Sportiche Dominique
Published: January 2016

Owing to different ideas about what counts as an anaphor subject to Condition A, two influential but superficially incompatible versions of Condition A of binding theory have coexisted: Chomsky’s (1986) version, and versions of predicate-based binding theories defended by Pollard and Sag (1992) and Reinhart and Reuland (1993) and modified in various ways since ( Pollard 2005 , Reuland 2011 ). Using inanimate anaphors to independently control for sensitivity to Condition A without the confound of logophoricity, we show that Condition A must be checked at the syntax-interpretation interface and that Chomsky’s (1986) version (an anaphor must be bound within the smallest complete functional complex containing it and a possible binder) is nearly correct, with one amendment: a tensed TP boundary is opaque to the search for an antecedent. Given these results, we argue that Condition A should be reduced to phase theory and we outline how this can be done.
A new Lepidoblepharis lizard (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from the Colombian Guyana shield
Authors: CALDERÓN-ESPINOSA MARTHA LUCIA , MEDINA-RANGEL GUIDO FABIAN
Published: January 2016

Lepidoblepharis lizards are tiny geckos of the forest leaf litter. This genus is distributed from Nicaragua to the Amazonian region of Peru and Brazil, and the genus currently contains 21 species. We found a new small Lepidoblepharis from eastern Colombia that we here describe as a new species. It is characterized by having granular or subconical dorsal scales; 10–13 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; postmental border slightly or strongly projecting backwards, followed by 2–5 (usually 3) postmentals; and 20–31 scales across snout at lst/2nd supralabial suture. This new taxon is compared to all congeners.
Does Quantile Mapping of Simulated Precipitation Correct for Biases in Transition Probabilities and Spell Lengths?
Authors: Rajczak Jan , Kotlarski Sven , Schär Christoph
Published: January 2016

Climate impact studies constitute the basis for the formulation of adaptation strategies. Usually such assessments apply statistically postprocessed output of climate model projections to force impact models. Increasingly, time series with daily resolution are used, which require high consistency, for instance with respect to transition probabilities (TPs) between wet and dry days and spell durations. However, both climate models and commonly applied statistical tools have considerable uncertainties and drawbacks. This paper compares the ability of 1) raw regional climate model (RCM) output, 2) bias-corrected RCM output, and 3) a conventional weather generator (WG) that has been calibrated to match observed TPs to simulate the sequence of dry, wet, and very wet days at a set of long-term weather stations across Switzerland. The study finds systematic biases in TPs and spell lengths for raw RCM output, but a substantial improvement after bias correction using the deterministic quantile mapping technique. For the region considered, bias-corrected climate model output agrees well with observations in terms of TPs as well as dry and wet spell durations. For the majority of cases (models and stations) bias-corrected climate model output is similar in skill to a simple Markov chain stochastic weather generator. There is strong evidence that bias-corrected climate model simulations capture the atmospheric event sequence more realistically than a simple WG.
Impact of Strong ENSO on Regional Tropical Cyclone Activity in a High-Resolution Climate Model in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Krishnamurthy Lakshmi , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Msadek Rym , Murakami Hiroyuki , Wittenberg Andrew , Zeng Fanrong
Published: January 2016

Tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans is known to be affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study uses the GFDL Forecast Oriented Low Ocean Resolution Model (FLOR), which has relatively high resolution in the atmosphere, as a tool to investigate the sensitivity of TC activity to the strength of ENSO events. This study shows that TCs exhibit a nonlinear response to the strength of ENSO in the tropical eastern North Pacific (ENP) but a quasi-linear response in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) and tropical North Atlantic. Specifically, a stronger El Niño results in disproportionate inhibition of TCs in the ENP and North Atlantic, and leads to an eastward shift in the location of TCs in the southeast of the WNP. However, the character of the response of TCs in the Pacific is insensitive to the amplitude of La Niña events. The eastward shift of TCs in the southeast of the WNP in response to a strong El Niño is due to an eastward shift of the convection and of the associated environmental conditions favorable for TCs. The inhibition of TC activity in the ENP and Atlantic during El Niño is attributed to the increase in the number of days with strong vertical wind shear during stronger El Niño events. These results are further substantiated with coupled model experiments. Understanding of the impact of strong ENSO on TC activity is important for present and future climate as the frequency of occurrence of extreme ENSO events is projected to increase in the future.
Arctic Air Masses in a Warming World
Authors: Gervais Melissa , Atallah Eyad , Gyakum John R. , Tremblay L. Bruno
Published: January 2016

An important aspect of understanding the impacts of climate change on society is determining how the distribution of weather regimes will change. Arctic amplification results in greater warming over the Arctic compared to the midlatitudes, and this study examines how patterns of Arctic air masses will be affected. The authors employ the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) RCP 8.5, consisting of 30 ensemble members run through the twenty-first century. Self-organizing maps are used to define archetypes of 850-hPa equivalent potential temperature anomalies with respect to a changing climate and assess changes in their frequency of occurrence. In the model, a pattern with negative anomalies over the central Arctic becomes less frequent in the future. There is also an increase in the frequency of patterns associated with an amplified ridge (trough) with positive (negative) anomalies over western (eastern) North America. It is hypothesized that the increase in frequency of such patterns is the result of enhanced forcing of baroclinic waves owing to reduced sea ice over the western Arctic. There is also a decline in patterns that have anomalously high over the North Atlantic, a pattern that is associated with intense ridging in the 500-hPa flow over the North Atlantic and colder over Europe. The authors relate the decrease of these patterns to an enhancement of the North Atlantic jet induced by a warming deficit in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Cytokine profiles in overweight and obese subjects and normal weight individuals matched for age and gender
Authors: Azizian Maryam , Mahdipour Elahe , Mirhafez Seyed Reza , Shoeibi Sara , Nematy Mohsen , Esmaily Habibollah , Ferns Gordon AA , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: January 2016

Background

Obesity is associated with a state of systemic inflammation, mediated by adipose tissue-derived cytokines that may also have metabolic effects, including an effect on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the serum profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in obese and non-obese subjects.

Methods

A total of 242 subjects who were either overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) and non-obese subjects (body mass index <25 kg/m2), were recruited in Mashhad in northeastern Iran. The concentrations of serum interleukin-1α, -1β, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10), were measured in all subjects, together with serum vascular endothelial growth factor, interferon-γ, epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-α.

Results

The groups differed significantly with respect to measures of adiposity and fasted lipid profile. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-1α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10, and epidermal growth factor were significantly different between obese and non-obese individuals, as was serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multivariate regression showed that waist circumference was significantly and independently related to serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1concentrations ( P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Despite significant differences in several cytokines between the groups, only monocyte chemoattractant protein-1appeared to be independently related to a measure of adiposity in this population sample from Iran.
Flaming fields and forest fires: Agrarian transformations and the making of Birsa Munda’s rebellion
Authors: Chandra Uday
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this article is to question the overarching notion of ‘millenarianism’ as well as its applicability to various ‘tribal’ rebellions and social movements in British India. I do so by carefully re-reading the colonial archives and secondary sources concerning the Birsaite uprising afresh in order to rethink how certain forest-dwelling groups who came to be defined as ‘tribes’ in colonial times actually encountered the modern state as well as Christianity in the late nineteenth century. Why did the Birsaites take up arms? Who rebelled? Against whom? What was the role of religion in their uprising? In answering these questions, I follow the Subalternist’s injunction to take the lifeworlds of the marginal and oppressed seriously in their own terms without imposing, in a vanguardist manner, the pre-existing conceptual order of ‘millenarianism’. Yet I also intend to be faithful to the social historian’s desire to uncover and examine the social location, aims and methods of Birsa and his followers.
Strength of notched and un-notched thermoplastic composite laminate in biaxial tension and compression
Authors: Vankan Wilhelmus J , Tijs Bas HAH , de Jong Gerrit J , de Frel Herman C , Singh Niels K
Published: January 2016

Composite laminates are being increasingly used in a wide variety of industrial applications, but there are difficulties in applying these materials in ways that exploit their full potential, in particular under multi-axial loading. The objective of the present study is to determine by experiments the biaxial failure data for composite laminates produced by Fokker Aerostructures based on the thermoplastic UD carbon reinforced material AS4D/PEKK-FC. A test machine and accompanying cruciform specimens for in-plane biaxial failure tests have been developed. A coupon-level biaxial test program covering various biaxial load combinations in tension-tension, tension-compression and compression−compression has been successfully executed and biaxial failure values for the thermoplastic laminate have been determined. Besides, the experimental biaxial test program, also finite element models and analyses have been used to predict the global outcomes of the biaxial tests and to interpret the test results. Both plain (un-notched) and open-hole (notched) specimens of the thermoplastic laminate have been tested. The biaxial failure data have been collected and further processed in biaxial failure criteria. From the experiments, the failure strains, stresses and loads are determined and a failure envelope is created for both plain and open-hole specimens. Good agreement is found between the theoretically predicted envelopes and the test data. From the findings for biaxial failure criteria from this study, it is expected that structural weight saving can be achieved in the design of multi-axially loaded composite parts as compared to the design with the previous uni-axially based failure criteria.
Experimental and optimization of mechanical properties of epoxy/nanosilica and hybrid epoxy/fiberglass/nanosilica composites
Authors: Feli Saeed , Jalilian Maziar M
Published: January 2016

In this paper, the effect of addition of nanosilica on mechanical properties of pure epoxy and epoxy/fiberglass composite has been investigated. The epoxy/nanosilica composites and epoxy/fiberglass/nanosilica hybrid composites have been fabricated, and the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, yield stress and elongation at break have been determined by simple extension tests. The results show that by addition of 1 wt% of nanosilica in both types of composites, Young’s modulus, yield stress and tensile strength decrease and elongation at break increases. By increasing the nanosilica content, the Young’s modulus, yield stress and tensile strength increase and elongation at break decreases. Also, imperialist competitive algorithm is employed to model the mechanical properties as fourth degree polynomial functions. The accuracy of polynomial is maximized and coefficients are obtained. The results show 25.66%, 56.87% and 45.84% improvement in Young’s modulus, yield stress and tensile strength of pure epoxy, respectively. Also, 12.9%, 24.83% and 12.85% improvement in Young’s modulus, yield stress and tensile strength of epoxy/fiberglass composites, has been observed, respectively.
A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing stepwise oral misoprostol with vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour
Authors: Yenuberi Hilda , Abraham Anuja , Sebastian Ajit , Benjamin Santosh J , Jeyaseelan Visalakshi , Mathews Jiji E
Published: January 2016

A comparison of induction of labour (IOL) using three doses of 25 µg vaginal misoprostol inserted at intervals of 4 h or more with a stepwise oral regime starting with 50 µg followed by two doses of 100 µg was studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in a tertiary centre in South India. Primary outcome was vaginal delivery in 24 h. Significantly more women in the first group required oxytocin augmentation and a third dose of the drug than women in the second group. Uterine tachysystole and other maternal and neonatal complications were similar. Thus it is concluded that women induced with oral, as compared to vaginal misoprostol are more likely to labour without oxytocin.
Socialized for News Media Use: How Family Communication, Information-Processing Needs, and Gratifications Determine Adolescents’ Exposure to News
Authors: Valenzuela Sebastián , Bachmann Ingrid , Aguilar Marcela
Published: January 2016

Adolescence is a key period in the development of individuals’ news habits, but little is known about the processes involved in the process of news media socialization. This study proposes an integrated model in which the influence of family communication on motivations and behaviors of adolescents in relation to news consumption occurs through the development of personality traits related to information processing (namely, need for cognition and need to evaluate). Structural equation modeling of data from a representative survey of 2,273 adolescents, aged 13 to 17, provide support for the theorized model, such that concept-oriented communication within families is associated to news exposure indirectly, via personality traits and motivations. Thus, the study provides an initial assessment of one way children are socialized to become news enthusiasts and news avoiders. It also provides empirical evidence that information-processing traits are influenced by family communication patterns, confirming what hitherto was theoretical speculation.
State, State Institutions, and Political Power in Brazil
Authors: Boito Armando , Saad-Filho Alfredo
Published: January 2016

The political conflicts during the Workers’ Party administrations led by Luís Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff have been driven by disputes between two fractions of the country’s bourgeoisie: the internal and the internationalized bourgeoisie. Their ideologies, policies, institutions, and forms of political representation have determined government policies and outcomes. These processes have unfolded within an authoritarian democracy whose structures have not been challenged by the party. The party’s limited power and continuing timidity have produced an aggressive reaction by the internationalized bourgeoisie and the upper middle class, leading to a severe crisis in the administration of President Dilma Rousseff.

Durante os dois governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), chefiados por Luís Inácio Lula da Silva e por Dilma Rousseff, os conflitos políticos têm sido conflagrados por disputas entre duas facções burguesas do país: a burguesia interna e a burguesia internacionalizada. Suas respectivas formas de representações políticas, ideologias, programas, bem como instituições têm determinado políticas governamentais e seus resultados. Esses processos evoluíram em uma democracia autoritária, cujas estruturas não foram contestadas pelo PT. A timidez contínua e o poder limitado do partido têm produzido uma reação agressiva por parte da burguesia internacionalizada e da classe média alta, levando a uma crise severa na administração da Presidente Dilma Rousseff.
Self-Compassion Promotes Personal Improvement From Regret Experiences via Acceptance
Authors: Zhang Jia Wei , Chen Serena
Published: January 2016

Why do some people report more personal improvement from their regret experiences than others? Three studies examined whether self-compassion promotes personal improvement derived from recalled regret experiences. In Study 1, we coded anonymous regret descriptions posted on a blog website. People who spontaneously described their regret with greater self-compassion were also judged as having expressed more personal improvement. In Study 2, higher trait self-compassion predicted greater self-reported and observer-rated personal improvement derived from recalled regret experiences. In Study 3, people induced to take a self-compassionate perspective toward a recalled regret experience reported greater acceptance, forgiveness, and personal improvement. A multiple mediation analysis comparing acceptance and forgiveness showed self-compassion led to greater personal improvement, in part, through heightened acceptance. Furthermore, self-compassion’s effects on personal improvement were distinct from self-esteem and were not explained by adaptive emotional responses. Overall, the results suggest that self-compassion spurs positive adjustment in the face of regrets.
Does Type of Pharyngeal Packing during Sinonasal Surgery Have an Effect on PONV and Throat Pain?
Authors: Meco Basak Ceyda , Ozcelik Menekse , Yildirim Guclu Cigdem , Beton Suha , Islamoglu Yuce , Turgay Aysegul , Meco Cem , Batislam Yesim
Published: January 2016

Objective

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem that affects up to 30% of all surgical patients after general anaesthesia, which increases in sinonasal surgery due the very potent emetic effect of ingested blood that is swallowed during the procedures. Therefore, a hypo/oropharyngeal packing is commonly placed in an effort to prevent blood ingestion. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 3 packing types in preventing PONV and to compare the results with patients who received no packing. The secondary aim was to compare the postoperative throat pain in all 4 groups.

Study Design

A prospective double‐blind randomized controlled study.

Setting

A university hospital.

Subjects and Methods

After Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, 201 adult patients scheduled for sinonasal surgery were randomized to 4 groups to have dry packing (n = 52), packing soaked with water (n = 48), packing soaked with chlorhexidine gluconate and benzydamine hydrochloride (n = 51), or no packing (n = 50). Postoperative PONV and throat pain were assessed.

Results

Demographic data, procedural characteristics, and PONV risk scores were similar among groups. The PONV incidences, throat pain scores, and analgesic use were comparable in all 4 groups.

Conclusion

Despite commonly used practices, usage of different types of pharyngeal packing did not affect incidence of PONV and throat pain, nor did usage of no packing.
Endoscopic Salivary Stone Fragmentation with Pneumatic Lithotripsy in a Simulation Model
Authors: Hoffman Henry T. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Tracy Chad R. , Kolenda Jack , Pagedar Nitin
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate the endoscopic fragmentation and removal of human salivary stones by employing intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy in a clinical simulation model of the submandibular gland.

Study Design

Simulation model evaluating endoscopic management of human salivary stones.

Setting

Laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

A flexible nitinol contact probe adapted to a CO2‐driven handheld salivary pneumatic lithotripter was deployed through a sialendoscope to disrupt parotid (n = 1) and submandibular (n = 8) stones embedded in separate 3‐dimensionally printed plastic models of the mouth and submandibular glands. Simulation included endoscopic removal of small stone fragments by standard basket retrieval supplement by irrigation and suction through a salivary duct introducer system. Correlations were made between stone volume and density with the duration of the procedures and number of pneumatic pulses required to disrupt and remove stone fragments.

Results

Among the 8 stones fragmented sufficiently to permit either full endoscopic removal (n = 7) or removal of the central portion leaving an adherent rind to the duct (n = 1), the average procedure time (32 minutes) and the average number of pneumatic pulses (98) correlated with stone density (range, 0.4‐1.5 g/mL) and stone volume (range, 0.05‐0.4 mL). One stone was sufficiently resistant to fragmentation as to prevent successful removal.

Conclusions

Modification to the evolving technology of intracorporeal pneumatic management of nephrolithiasis was successfully applied in an ex vivo model to simulate management of sialolithiasis.
Educational Value of a Medical Student–Led Head and Neck Cancer Screening Event
Authors: Freiser Monika E. , Desai Dipan D. , Azcarate Patrick M. , Szczupak Mikhaylo , Cohen Erin R. , Raffa Francesca N. , George Joshua S. , Lo Kaming , Nayak Chetan S. , Weed Donald T. , Sargi Zoukaa B.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate improvement of medical student knowledge of head and neck cancer (HNC) through participation in HNC screening fairs run by medical students.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study of surveys assessing medical students’ knowledge of HNC before and after volunteering at screening fairs.

Setting

Four screening fairs held at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine during Oral, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week.

Subjects

Medical student screening fair volunteers.

Methods

Four HNC screening fairs were organized by medical student volunteers. All students completed a preevent survey assessing baseline knowledge and participated in an otolaryngologist‐led training session about HNC and the screening examination. During the screening events, students educated guests about HNC and performed physician‐guided history and physical examinations. Finally, students completed identical surveys 1 week and 3 months after the event.

Results

Thirty‐four (n = 34) students completed the preevent surveys. At baseline, 59%, 44%, and 24% named tobacco, alcohol, and human papilloma virus as risk factors, compared with 84%, 81%, and 69% on 3 month follow‐up, respectively. Out of 6 analyzed questions, the median total number of correctly answered questions improved from 2 on pretest to 5 at 3 months (P <. 0001).

Conclusion

Volunteer participation in a HNC screening program improves medical students’ knowledge of HNC risk factors and symptoms. This innovative approach to students’ education via participation and organization of screening events is a useful method of improving their HNC knowledge.
Putting victims first? A critique of Coalition anti-social behaviour policy
Authors: Heap Vicky
Published: January 2016

Anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy was not pursued by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition government with the same vigour as their New Labour predecessors. Where developments did take place a clear shift in emphasis was apparent, with the needs of ASB victims elevated to the forefront of policy. This article critically appraises two major developments that showcase the Coalition government’s attempts to overhaul ASB policy to ‘put victims first’, namely: the changes to call handling and case management processes, and the Community Trigger, which forces the authorities to review their responses to complaints of ASB in circumstances where victims feel they have been ignored. These particular policies aim to prioritise victims’ needs; however, it is argued the new victim-focus: is diluted by competing Coalition ASB agendas, demonstrates little connection between rhetoric and reality, provides limited redress for all victims and fails to coalesce with established attempts to tackle perpetrators of ASB.
Is the devil in the detail? The quality and clinical impact of information provided on requests for non-trauma emergency abdominal CT scans
Authors: Ihuhua Puleinge , Pitcher Richard D
Published: January 2016

Background

The role of the radiology information system in streamlining imaging workflow and enhancing efficiency in digital radiology departments is now well established. Although there is increasing use of systems with the capacity for computerized physician order entry, there has been limited work on the quality of clinical data provided on electronic diagnostic imaging requests.

Purpose

To assess the quality of clinical details provided on electronic diagnostic imaging requests (DIR) for emergency non-trauma abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, and the impact of such data on radiological outcomes.

Material and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive electronic DIRs for emergency non-trauma abdominal CT scans for patients with an acute abdomen in a tertiary-level public-sector hospital. The quality of clinical data was assessed using the Royal College of Physicians’ referral guidelines and correlated with radiological outcomes, defined as a definitive CT diagnosis.

Results

Eighty-eight percent of requests presented a clear clinical question, 48% recorded clinical examination details, 29% had adequate clinical histories, and 17% included laboratory investigations, while only 2% of requests were complete in all respects. Although 88% of scans yielded a definitive radiological diagnosis, there was no association between the adequacy of DIR details and a definitive radiological outcome.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the non-specific clinical presentation of non-trauma-related abdominal emergencies and the pivotal role of CT in providing a definitive diagnosis in this setting. We suggest that the appropriate triage of patients presenting with an acute, non-trauma abdomen is the overriding clinical imperative.
Distribution of dystrophin gene deletions in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Zhuo , OuYang Shengrong , Zhu Yanli , Wang Liwen , Wu Jianxin
Published: January 2016

Objective

To describe the deletion patterns and distribution characteristics of the dystrophin gene in a Chinese population of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).

Methods

Patients with DMD/BMD were recruited. Deletions in 19 exons of the dystrophin gene were evaluated using accurate multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Result

Multiplex PCR identified deletions in 238/401 (59.4%) patients with DMD/BMD. Of these, 196 (82.4%) were in the distal hotspot, 32 (13.4%) were in the proximal hotspot, five (2.1%) were in both regions and five (2.1%) were in neither hotspot. Deletions were classified into 54 patterns. Exon 49 was the most frequently deleted. The reading frame rule was upheld for 91.9% of cases.

Conclusion

Accurate multiplex PCR for 19 exons is an effective diagnostic tool.
Concussion Increases Odds of Sustaining a Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury After Return to Play Among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Brooks M. Alison , Peterson Kaitlin , Biese Kevin , Sanfilippo Jennifer , Heiderscheit Bryan C. , Bell David R.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Previous studies have identified abnormalities in brain and motor functioning after concussion that persist well beyond observed clinical recovery. Recent work suggests subtle deficits in neurocognition may impair neuromuscular control and thus potentially increase risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after concussion.

Purpose:

To determine the odds of sustaining an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury during the 90-day period after return to play from concussion in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included in this study were 87 cases of concussion among 75 athletes (58 men; 17 women) participating in NCAA Division I football, soccer, hockey, softball, basketball, wrestling, or volleyball at a single institution from 2011 to 2014. The 90-day period after return to play for each case of concussion was reviewed for acute noncontact lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Each 90-day period after return to play was matched to the same 90-day period in up to 3 controls. Control athletes without a history of concussion in the previous year were matched to concussed athletes by sport team/sex, games played, and position. A total of 182 control (136 men; 46 women) 90-day periods were reviewed for acute injury. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between concussion and subsequent risk of acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury.

Results:

The incidence of acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury was higher among recently concussed athletes (15/87; 17%) compared with matched controls (17/182; 9%). The odds of sustaining an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury during the 90-day period after return to play were 2.48 times higher in concussed athletes than controls during the same 90-day period (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.04-5.91; P = .04).

Conclusion:

Concussed athletes have increased odds of sustaining an acute lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after return to play than their nonconcussed teammates. The study results suggest further investigation of neurocognitive and motor control deficits may be warranted beyond the acute injury phase to decrease risk for subsequent injury.
Lessons from Civil Resistance for the Battle against Financial Corruption
Authors: Ackerman Peter , Beyerle Shaazka
Published: January 2016

The first part of this article presents an overview of civil resistance theory and practice, including key concepts and the historical record of nonviolent movements ending authoritarian and occupying regimes. It will also present a practical checklist for assessing why people power movements succeed or fail. The second part of this article will demonstrate how civil resistance applies to the global scourge of financial corruption. It will first illustrate two recent successful people power campaigns against financial corruption, then examine their dynamics in terms of new research and analysis of organized, collective nonviolent action targeting graft and abuse. Finally, it will adapt the general civil resistance checklist to the anti-corruption arena, concluding with the specific elements that are most critical to curbing financial corruption.
Victimization After Meeting With Online Acquaintances: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adolescents in Malaysia
Authors: Marret Mary J. , Choo Wan-Yuen
Published: January 2016

This study aimed to determine contact and privacy risks encountered by Malaysian adolescents with access to the Internet and mobile phones and factors associated with face-to-face meetings with online acquaintances as well as to estimate the prevalence of subsequent victimization. Secondary school students from randomly selected public schools in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur responded to an anonymous self-administered questionnaire (78% response rate). Out of 3,349 Internet or mobile phone users, 51% had been invited to meet offline with an online-meeting acquaintance and 30% complied. Of the 1,005 respondents who went to offline meetings, 55% had meetings with more than six people. Male gender, Malay ethnicity, online access at an Internet café, viewing pornography on the Internet, the absence of parental restrictions on visiting certain website and chat rooms, not being explicitly forbidden to meet strangers encountered online, and disclosure of personal information were significantly associated with increased odds of face-to-face meetings with online acquaintances. Verbal, physical, or sexual assaults were reported by 5.5% of the 1,005 including 13 males and five females who reported forced sexual intercourse. Similarities as well as differences in factors associated with risk-taking behavior compared with adolescents in Western countries have important implications on policy and intervention.
An analytical method to estimate the natural bending frequency of the spans of railway through truss bridges with steel-and-concrete composite decks
Authors: Siekierski Wojciech
Published: January 2016

The Eurocode 1 standard requires railway bridges to be checked against the hazard of resonance. To perform this task, the first natural bending frequency of a bridge span has to be computed. The analytical method based on the single-beam analogy is sufficiently accurate for simply supported beam-girder bridges. This paper proves the applicability of the method for through truss bridge spans with steel-and-concrete composite decks; this is despite the fact that the spans do not strictly comply with the assumptions of this method. The flexural stiffness of the bridge span is computed taking into account the joint action of the truss girders and the composite deck; the limited extent of span shear stiffness due to diagonal bracing is also considered. A uniform distribution of the span mass over the span length is assumed. The mass is computed based on geometrical characteristics of truss and deck members, taking into account gusset plates, stiffeners, connectors and fittings. The analytical method and finite element method are applied to find the natural frequencies of two through truss bridge spans with composite decks. Computed results are compared with frequencies recorded during bridge testing. Taking into consideration the joint action of the truss girders and the composite deck, as well as the limited shear stiffness provided by diagonal bracing, significantly improves the accuracy of the assessment provided by the analytical method. The natural bending frequencies computed for the two bridge spans fall within the range of 0.95–1.05 of the recorded values.
Numerical simulation of ice accretion under mixed-phase conditions
Authors: Zhang Lifen , Liu Zhenxia , Zhang Meihua
Published: January 2016

Ice crystal ingestion at high altitude is a menace to the safe operation of jet engines. Because the core airflow in jet engine has higher temperature, ice crystals may partially melt into droplets when they enter the core airflow. A mixed-phase condition is seen consisting of both water droplets and ice crystals, which will cause ice accretion on both the static surfaces and rotating components in a compressor. This ice accretion may give rise to compressor surge or even mechanical damage of jet engine. In order to analyze this in depth, a numerical method of mixed-phase icing was developed. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were used for the airflow solution. The Lagrangian method was employed for determining the trajectories of ice crystals and droplets. An ice crystal impingement model was created, in which the breakup and rebounding of ice crystals and splashing of film were considered. A thermodynamic model was proposed for ice crystals and droplets on the basis of the first law of thermodynamics. An icing simulation was developed under mixed-phase conditions with different liquid water contents and ice water contents, and the results were compared with experimental data from the literature. The comparison showed a fairly good correlation, which supports the validity and rationality of the method of mixed-phase icing.
Money Cues Increase Agency and Decrease Prosociality Among Children
Authors: Gasiorowska Agata , Chaplin Lan Nguyen , Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Wygrab Sandra , Vohs Kathleen D.
Published: January 2016

People can get most of their needs broadly satisfied in two ways: by close communal ties and by dealings with people in the marketplace. These modes of relating—termed communal and market—often necessitate qualitatively different motives, behaviors, and mind-sets. We reasoned that activating market mode would produce behaviors consistent with it and impair behaviors consistent with communal mode. In a series of experiments, money—the market-mode cue—was presented to Polish children ages 3 to 6. We measured communal behavior by prosocial helpfulness and generosity and measured market behavior by performance and effort. Results showed that handling money (compared with other objects) increased laborious effort and reduced helpfulness and generosity. The effects of money primes were not due to the children’s mood, liking for money, or task engagement. This work is the first to demonstrate that young children tacitly understand market mode and also understand that money is a cue to shift into it.