bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In silico-designed antimicrobial peptide targeting MRSA and E. coli with antibacterial and antibiofilm actions
Authors: Madni Hafsa , Mohamed Hana A. , Abdelrahman Hana Adel Mohamed , dos Santos-Silva Carlos André , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria , Khatir Zenaba , Eltai Nahla O. , Mohamed Nura A. , Crovella Sergio
Published: May 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a paramount global health issue, with numerous bacterial strains continually fortifying their resistance against diverse antibiotics. This surge in resistance levels primarily stems from the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human, animal, and environmental contexts. In this study, we advocate for exploring alternative molecules exhibiting antibacterial properties to counteract the escalating antibiotic resistance. We identified a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) by using computational search in AMP public databases and further engineering through molecular docking and dynamics. Microbiological evaluation, cytotoxicity, genotoycity, and hemolysis experiments were then performed. The designed AMP underwent rigorous testing for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), representing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Subsequently, the safety profile of the AMP was assessed in vitro using human fibroblast cells and a human blood sample. The selected AMP demonstrated robust antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against MRSA and E. coli, with an added assurance of non-cytotoxicity and non-genotoxicity towards human fibroblasts. Also, the AMP did not demonstrate any hemolytic activity. Our findings emphasize the considerable promise of the AMP as a viable alternative antibacterial agent, showcasing its potential to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
The chemical profiles and cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil from Borneo’s Gonystylus bancanus wood
Authors: Oktavianawati Ika , Santoso Mardi , Fatmawati Sri
Published: May 2024

Gaharu bouya oil obtained from distillation of the woods from Gonystylus genus has attracted essential oil industry interest. However, the information about gaharu bouya essential oil profile is limited. The presence of Gonystylus species is also critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, exploring the -omics profiles of Gonystylus bancanus, a native plant from Borneo Island, is important for Indonesia to conserve the population. This research investigated the metabolite profiling of G. bancanus oil, especially the volatile components of its essential oils. Distillations were performed in two technical ways: hydrodistillation on a laboratory scale and steam distillation on an industrial scale. According to LC–MS and GC–MS profiles, both essential oils displayed similar chemical compositions. This article also discusses the similarity of the chemical contents of gaharu bouya oil and agarwood oil from the gaharu superior type (Aquilaria) to support the value of the oil. This research also investigated the cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil against three cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7, and HT-29.
Balance function in critical illness survivors and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Mini-BESTest
Authors: Egger Marion , Finsterhölzl Melanie , Buetikofer Alisa , Wippenbeck Franziska , Müller Friedemann , Jahn Klaus , Bergmann Jeannine
Published: May 2024

Critical illness survivors commonly face impairments, such as intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) which is characterized by muscle weakness and sensory deficits. Despite these symptoms indicating potential balance deficits, systematic investigations and validated assessments are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess balance function using the Mini-BESTest, evaluate its psychometric properties, and identify associated variables. Balance was assessed post-ICU discharge (V1) and at discharge from inpatient neurorehabilitation (V2) in patients with ≥ 5 days of invasive ventilation. Mini-BESTest measurement characteristics were evaluated in an ambulatory subgroup. A multiple linear regression was conducted. The prospective cohort study comprised 250 patients (34% female, 62 ± 14 years, median ICU stay 55 days). Median Mini-BESTest scores improved significantly from V1 (5 (IQR 0–15)) to V2 (18.5 (10–23)) with a large effect size. Excellent inter-rater and test–retest reliabilities of the Mini-BESTest were observed (ICC = 0.981/0.950). Validity was demonstrated by a very high correlation with the Berg Balance Scale (ρ = 0.90). No floor or ceiling effects were detected. Muscle strength, cognitive function, cerebral disease, critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy, and depression were significantly associated with balance. Despite significant improvements during the rehabilitation period, balance disorders were prevalent in critical illness survivors. Ongoing therapy is recommended. Due to its excellent psychometric properties, the Mini-BESTest is suitable for use in critical illness survivors.

Registration: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021753, date of registration: 2020-09-03).
Comparing researchers’ degree of dichotomous thinking using frequentist versus Bayesian null hypothesis testing
Authors: Muradchanian Jasmine , Hoekstra Rink , Kiers Henk , Fife Dustin , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: May 2024

A large amount of scientific literature in social and behavioural sciences bases their conclusions on one or more hypothesis tests. As such, it is important to obtain more knowledge about how researchers in social and behavioural sciences interpret quantities that result from hypothesis test metrics, such as p-values and Bayes factors. In the present study, we explored the relationship between obtained statistical evidence and the degree of belief or confidence that there is a positive effect in the population of interest. In particular, we were interested in the existence of a so-called cliff effect: A qualitative drop in the degree of belief that there is a positive effect around certain threshold values of statistical evidence (e.g., at p = 0.05). We compared this relationship for p-values to the relationship for corresponding degrees of evidence quantified through Bayes factors, and we examined whether this relationship was affected by two different modes of presentation (in one mode the functional form of the relationship across values was implicit to the participant, whereas in the other mode it was explicit). We found evidence for a higher proportion of cliff effects in p-value conditions than in BF conditions (N = 139), but we did not get a clear indication whether presentation mode had an effect on the proportion of cliff effects.

Protocol registration

The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 2 June 2023. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5CW6P.
FOXP3 splice variant expression in males and females in healthy populations and in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Saleh Qais W. , Mohammadnejad Afsaneh , Tepel Martin
Published: May 2024

The forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcript is essential for tolerance of alloantigens. Here, we describe the expression of FOXP3 mRNA variants in healthy females and males, and in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We measured FOXP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy kidney donors (N = 101), and in blood from KTRs (N = 248) before and after transplantation. FOXP3 was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and differentiated between pre-mature mRNA FOXP3, Total mature FOXP3, FOXP3 in which exon two is spliced, and full length FOXP3. We found similar levels of FOXP3 in healthy female and male kidney donors. We confirmed this result in a publicly available cohort (N = 33) of healthy individuals (GSE97475). Homogenously, female and male KTR FOXP3 levels were similar pre-transplantation, one day post-transplantation and 29 days post-transplantation. This may suggest that kidney transplantation and related immunosuppressive treatments do not influence FOXP3 expression differently in females and males. Finally, fold difference analysis revealed that KTRs express lower levels of mature FOXP3 and higher levels of pre-mature FOXP3 mRNA pre-transplant compared to healthy individuals. This finding may suggest higher pre-mRNA synthesis, lower pre-mRNA degradation, lower spliceosome efficiency or higher degradation of mature FOXP3 mRNA in kidney transplant candidates.
The development strategies of amateur table tennis matches in China based on the SWOT-AHP model: a case study in Shanghai
Authors: Yi Qing , Liu Zuhong , Liu Xutao , Wang Yidan , Li Rongzhi
Published: May 2024

Given the significance of amateur sports matches in health promotion and city culture construction. It is essential to systematically analyze the organizational mode of city amateur matches and propose development strategies. This study aimed to investigate the sustainable development strategies for city amateur matches in China. This study adopted a hybrid model of combined SWOT and the AHP analysis, using the Shanghai City Amateur Table Tennis Matches (ATTM) as a case study. Results showed that 20 factors of the SWOT analysis were included, and the ranking of weights of the SWOT group are Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats, respectively, and the strategic vector (θ, ρ) are (74.21°, 0.5861). ATTM should adopt the S–O pioneering strategy and leverages its advantages and opportunities to promote further development. The findings indicate that ATTM with advanced organizational mode, has good internal strengths and external opportunities, which can enlighten the development of amateur table tennis matches for other regions and countries. Future research should apply the hybrid model to a broader range of events and conduct comparative analyses across countries and regions.
Phenotypical and biochemical characterization of tomato plants treated with triacontanol
Authors: Manai Michela , Fiorillo Anna , Matuozzo Monica , Li Mei , D’Ambrosio Chiara , Franco Loris , Scaloni Andrea , Fogliano Vincenzo , Camoni Lorenzo , Marra Mauro
Published: May 2024

Biostimulants are heterogeneous products designed to support plant development and to improve the yield and quality of crops. Here, we focused on the effects of triacontanol, a promising biostimulant found in cuticle waxes, on tomato growth and productivity. We examined various phenological traits related to vegetative growth, flowering and fruit yield, the metabolic profile of fruits, and the response of triacontanol-treated plants to salt stress. Additionally, a proteomic analysis was conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying triacontanol action. Triacontanol application induced advanced and increased blooming without affecting plant growth. Biochemical analyses of fruits showed minimal changes in nutritional properties. The treatment also increased the germination rate of seeds by altering hormone homeostasis and reduced salt stress-induced damage. Proteomics analysis of leaves revealed that triacontanol increased the abundance of proteins related to development and abiotic stress, while down-regulating proteins involved in biotic stress resistance. The proteome of the fruits was not significantly affected by triacontanol, confirming that biostimulation did not alter the nutritional properties of fruits. Overall, our findings provide evidence of the effects of triacontanol on growth, development, and stress tolerance, shedding light on its mechanism of action and providing new insights into its potential in agricultural practices.
Evaluating the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese individuals through a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Xianzi , Fang Zilong
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exercise on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obesity, providing evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to utilize these markers in developing exercise prescriptions for this group. The study was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI and only including Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of different exercise interventions on intermediate disease markers in overweight and obese people. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool and the data was analyzed using Stata 15.1 data analysis software. The RCTs were collected from January 2017 to March 2024. A total of 56 RCTs were included and the results of 10 outcomes were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The total sample size used in the study was 3193 The results showed that resistance training significantly reduced total cholesterol (SUCRA: 99.9%), triglycerides (SUCRA: 100.0%), low-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%), systolic pressure (SUCRA: 92.5%), and increased high-density lipoprotein (SUCRA: 100.0%). Aerobic exercise significantly reduced insulin (SUCRA: 89.1%) and HbA1c (SUCRA: 95.3%). Concurrent training significantly reduced HOMA-IR (SUCRA: 93.8%), diastolic blood pressure (SUCRA: 71.2%) and Glucose (SUCRA: 87.6%). Exercise has a significant impact on intermediate disease markers in populations with overweight and obese. Compared with no exercise, exercise lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, insulin, and HbA1c, and increases HDL in people with overweight and obese. These findings provide evidence-based recommendations for exercise interventions aimed at weight reduction and the prevention of chronic diseases in individuals with overweight and obese.
Identifying critical components for railways rolling stock reliability: a case study for Iran
Authors: Seyedan Oskouei Seyed Farboud , Abapour Mehdi , Beiraghi Mojtaba
Published: May 2024

Electrical railways constitute a vital component of transportation infrastructure worldwide, with rolling stock representing a key element of these systems. Given the extensive operational hours of such systems, effective maintenance scheduling and asset management are imperative to ensure reliability and safety while mitigating costs. This paper addresses the challenge of optimizing maintenance practices for railway rolling stock by introducing a novel implementation of reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) grounded in the reliability block diagram (RBD) framework. This methodology meticulously incorporates reliability parameters into maintenance strategies, aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of railway systems. Leveraging the criticality index, the study identifies components crucial for train reliability, facilitating cost-effective maintenance management. The proposed approach is applied and validated on the Tabriz line 1 metro in Iran, a system with over six years of operational history. Analysis reveals the bogie subsystem's criticality due to its interconnected components, with parts exhibiting significant mean time to repair (MTTR). Conversely, the brake system emerges as the most reliable subsystem. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates an inverse relationship between repair rates and component sensitivity, highlighting the pivotal role of efficient repair processes in bolstering system reliability. This research contributes a comprehensive and validated methodology for RCM in railway rolling stock, emphasizing cost reduction, system reliability, and strategic prioritization of maintenance efforts. As the approached method in this research is not limited to the specific case study and can be applied in any system by generating the RBD and reliability parameters of the system we want to study The findings hold significant implications for the global planning and execution of railway maintenance operations, setting a new standard for reliability-centered maintenance practices in the field.
Exploring nonlinearity in quarter car models with an experimental approach to formulating fractional order form and its dynamic analysis
Authors: Molla Tadios , Duraisamy Prakash , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Karthikeyan Anitha , Boulaaras Salah
Published: May 2024

This study explores the inherent nonlinearity of quarter car models by employing an experimental and numerical approach. The dynamics of vehicular suspension systems are pivotal for ensuring passenger comfort, vehicle stability, and overall ride quality. In this paper we assessed the impact of various parameters and components on suspension performance, enabled the optimization of ride comfort, stability, and handling characteristics. Firstly, experimental analysis allowed for the investigation of factors that are challenging to model theoretically, such as stiffness nonlinearity and damping characteristics, which may vary under different operating conditions. Time domain and frequency response diagram of the model has been obtained. Secondly, a quarter-car with single degree-of-freedom presented and investigated in fractional order form. Fractional order dynamics emphasize nonlinearities in quarter car models, capturing real-world dynamics effectively. The proposed fractional-order nonlinear quarter car model employed Caputo derivative. For numerical analysis of fractional order system, the Adam–Bashforth–Moulton method is used and the disturbance of road assumed to be stochastic. Results show that the dynamic response of the vehicle can be chaotic. Influence of road roughness amplitude and frequency on vehicle vibration is investigated.
A successional shift enhances stability in ant symbiont communities
Authors: Parmentier Thomas , Bonte Dries , De Laender Frederik
Published: May 2024

Throughout succession, communities undergo structural shifts, which can alter the relative abundances of species and how they interact. It is frequently asserted that these alterations beget stability, i.e. that succession selects for communities better able to resist perturbations. Yet, whether and how alterations of network structure affect stability during succession in complex communities is rarely studied in natural ecosystems. Here, we explore how network attributes influence stability of different successional stages of a natural network: symbiotic arthropod communities forming food webs inside red wood ant nests. We determined the abundance of 16 functional groups within the symbiont community across 51 host nests in the beginning and end stages of succession. Nest age was the main driver of the compositional shifts: symbiont communities in old nests contained more even species abundance distributions and a greater proportion of specialists. Based on the abundance data, we reconstructed interaction matrices and food webs of the symbiont community for each nest. We showed that the enhanced community evenness in old nests leads to an augmented food web stability in all but the largest symbiont communities. Overall, this study demonstrates that succession begets stability in a natural ecological network by making the community more even.
Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry in non-Hermitian Dirac materials
Authors: Juričić Vladimir , Roy Bitan
Published: May 2024

Lorentz space–time symmetry represents a unifying feature of the fundamental forces, typically manifest at sufficiently high energies, while in quantum materials it emerges in the deep low-energy regime. However, its fate in quantum materials coupled to an environment thus far remained unexplored. We here introduce a general framework of constructing symmetry-protected Lorentz-invariant non-Hermitian (NH) Dirac semimetals (DSMs), realized by invoking masslike anti-Hermitian Dirac operators to its Hermitian counterpart. Such NH DSMs feature purely real or imaginary isotropic linear band dispersion, yielding a vanishing density of states. Dynamic mass orderings in NH DSMs thus take place for strong Hubbard-like local interactions through a quantum phase transition, hosting a non-Fermi liquid, beyond which the system becomes an insulator. We show that depending on the internal Clifford algebra between the NH Dirac operator and candidate mass order-parameter, the resulting quantum-critical fluid either remains coupled with the environment or recovers full Hermiticity by decoupling from the bath, while always enjoying an emergent Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry in terms of a unique terminal velocity. We showcase the competition between such mass orderings, their hallmarks on quasi-particle spectra in the ordered phases, and the relevance of our findings for correlated designer NH Dirac materials.
A salivary urea sensor based on a microsieve disposable gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor
Authors: Yang Guo , Xu Boxuan , Chang Hui , Gu Zhiqi , Li Jiadong
Published: May 2024

The abundant bio-markers in saliva provide a new option for non-invasive testing.
Significant reduction of the culturing time required for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility determination by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Suleiman Manal , Abu-Aqil George , Lapidot Itshak , Huleihel Mahmoud , Salman Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Rapid testing of bacteria for antibiotic susceptibility is essential for effective treatment and curbing the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Benzorhodol derived far-red/near-infrared fluorescent probes for selective and sensitive detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity in living cells and the non-alcoholic fatty liver of zebrafish
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Peng Junqian , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Fang , He Mingfang , Lu Sheng , Chen Xiaoqiang
Published: May 2024

A FRBN-B probe was used to detect BChE activity in both normal and NAFLD zebrafish liver tissues by cleaving the cyclopropanecarbonyl group, resulting in an increased fluorescence signal.
Cellular uptake and in vitro antibacterial activity of lipid-based nanoantibiotics are influenced by protein corona
Authors: Subramaniam Santhni , Joyce Paul , Conn Charlotte E. , Prestidge Clive A.
Published: May 2024

The influence of a protein corona on the cellular uptake, drug release and efficacy of lipid-based nanoparticles was evaluated for intracellular infection.
A chiral trimethyl lock based on the vicinal disubstituent effect: prolonged release of camptothecin into cancer cells
Authors: Venturi Silvia , Chiaradonna Ferdinando , Gatti Francesco G. , La Ferla Barbara , Palorini Roberta , Zerbato Barbara
Published: May 2024

A camptothecin prodrug with a non-conventional prolonged release based on chiral-TML was synthesised and evaluated.
Giant anisotropic thermal expansion of copper-cyanido flat layers with flexible copper nodes
Authors: Iwai Yuudai , Nakaya Manabu , Tsuji Yuta , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki , Ohtani Ryo
Published: May 2024

Distorted honeycomb coordination layers are extremely flexible and exhibit giant anisotropic thermal expansion.
An asymmetrically coordinated Zn–Co diatomic site catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Guo Jinhong , Yang Jiayi , Xiang Zequn , Zhai Huazhang , Chen Wenxing
Published: May 2024

We propose an innovative preparation method, namely, a two-step pyrolysis process, to synthesize Zn–Co bimetallic catalysts with excellent hydrogen evolution performance.
Thermal decomposition of DMSO or DMF solvates: an advanced method for obtaining new hybrid bismuth(iii) halides
Authors: Dudko Ekaterina M. , Buikin Petr A. , Ilyukhin Andey B. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Simonenko Nikolai P. , Kotov Vitalii Yu.
Published: May 2024

Producing new hybrid halobismuthates by the thermal decomposition of corresponding solvates.
ZnSeTe quantum dots modified with zinc chloride toward bright trap-state emission
Authors: Chen Zhe-Yong , Ren Xue , Hu Hui-Ling , Liu Meng , Liu Yi , Jiang Feng-Lei
Published: May 2024

ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs with ZnCl2 modification.
First close-coupling study of the excitation of a large cyclic molecule: collision of c-C5H6 with He
Authors: Demes Sándor , Bop Cheikh T. , Ben Khalifa Malek , Lique François
Published: May 2024

We provide an accurate rigid-rotor interaction potential (PES) and, for the first time, study the collisional excitation of cyclopentadiene by helium impact using the exact close coupling quantum scattering formalism.
Strongly enhanced persulfate activation by bicarbonate accelerated Cu(iii)/Cu(i) redox cycles
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Shenjun , Wu Yuhao , Ma Jiahai
Published: May 2024

In the PDS/Cu2+ system, bicarbonate can promote the cycling of copper ions with different valence states.
Se vacancy-driven nickel cobalt selenide electrode enhancing reaction kinetics for boosting supercapacitive performance
Authors: Yang Xiao , Liu Weizhe , Zhang Li , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Huanli
Published: May 2024

In this manuscript, we report the induction of vacancy engineering at the atomic level by NaBH4 heat treatment to obtain biomimetic sea urchin-like Va-NiCo2Sex with adjustable vacancy concentrations.
Meso-tris(2-furyl/2-thienyl) substituted porphyrin–ferrocene ‘click’ conjugates: synthesis, experimental, and computational studies
Authors: Shet Sahana Nagesh , Patil Mahendra , Shetti Vijayendra S.
Published: May 2024

This study introduces porphyrins containing three five-membered meso-substituents to the field of ‘click’ chemistry for the first time.
Atomically thin iridium nanosheets for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Jo Hyeongbin , Wy Younghyun , Ahn Hojin , Kim Yonghyeon , Goo Bon Seung , Kwon Yongmin , Kim Jin Hong , Choi Jin Sik , Han Sang Woo
Published: May 2024

A one-pot solvothermal synthesis route to prepare freestanding ultrathin Ir nanosheets with atomic thickness for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis was developed.
Boosting the bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of nanowire NiCo2O4@ultrathin porous carbon via modulating the d-band center
Authors: Yu Huiqin , Li Fang , Cao Jing , Chen Shifu , Lin Haili
Published: May 2024

Nanowire NiCo2O4@ultrathin porous carbon exhibited outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activity via d-band engineering.
Tunable Pt–NiO interaction-induced efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation and methanol oxidation
Authors: Wang Fenglin , Zheng Zhicheng , Wu Dan , Wan Hao , Chen Gen , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiaohe , Ma Renzhi
Published: May 2024

Pt–NiO metal–support interactions were optimized, contributing to an improved mass activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction.
Crystal clear: unveiling giant birefringence in organic–inorganic cocrystals
Authors: Li Yang , Ok Kang Min
Published: May 2024

[LiNO3·H2O·o-C5H5NO]·o-C5H5NO and [Mg(NO3)2·6H2O]·(o-C5H5NO)2, with giant birefringence, large bandgaps, and good growth habits, were designed using a cocrystal strategy.
Microscopically segregated ligand distribution in co-assembled peptide-amphiphile nanofibers
Authors: Haque Pial Turash , Li Yang , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: May 2024

Ligands are microscopically segregated in peptide-amphiphiles based self-assembled cylindrical nanofibers, with applications in antibody purification.
Green synthesis of thioamide derivatives in an environmentally benign deep eutectic solvent (DES)
Authors: Mandal Susmita , Jain Archana , Panda Tarun K.
Published: May 2024

A wide variety of thioamides are obtained in good-to-excellent yields by the reaction of substituted aldehydes/ketones, secondary amines, and elemental sulfur in a choline chloride–urea (1 : 2)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES).
A survey on detection and localisation of false data injection attacks in smart grids
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Sadighian Alireza , Tanveer Adeen , Al‐Naimi Shaikha J. , Oligeri Gabriele
Published: May 2024

In the recent years, cyberattacks to smart grids are becoming more frequent. Among the many malicious activities that can be launched against smart grids, the False Data Injection (FDI) attacks have raised significant concerns from both academia and industry. FDI attacks can affect the (internal) state estimation process—critical for smart grid monitoring and control—thus being able to bypass conventional Bad Data Detection (BDD) methods. Hence, prompt detection and precise localisation of FDI attacks are becoming of paramount importance to ensure smart grids security and safety. Several papers recently started to study and analyse this topic from different perspectives and address existing challenges. Data‐driven techniques and mathematical modelling are the major ingredients of the proposed approaches. The primary objective is to provide a systematic review and insights into FDI attacks joint detection and localisation approaches considering that other surveys mainly concentrated on the detection aspects without detailed coverage of localisation aspects. For this purpose, more than 40 major research contributions were selected and inspected, while conducting a detailed analysis of the methodology and objectives in relation to the FDI attacks detection and localisation. Key findings of the identified papers were provided according to different criteria, such as employed FDI attacks localisation techniques, utilised evaluation scenarios, investigated FDI attack types, application scenarios, adopted methodologies and the use of additional data. Finally, open issues and future research directions were discussed.
X‐band quasi class‐F HPA MMIC using DynaFET GaN HEMT modelling
Authors: Jeong Junhyung , Cho Kyujun , Ji Honggu , Chang Woojin , Lee Jongmin , Min Byoung‐gue , Kang Dongmin
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an X‐band quasi Class‐F high power amplifier (HPA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) using DynaFET gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) modelling. To enhance efficiency, a novel quasi Class‐F output matching circuit is proposed. DynaFET modelling for GaN HEMT is utilized for accurate HPA MMIC design. The proposed quasi Class‐F HPA MMIC, fabricated using ETRI's 0.15 µm GaN process, achieves an output power of 43.5∼44.5 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 36∼40.7% within the 9.1∼10.3 GHz frequency bandwidth.
Auditory filterbank denoising neural network for speech enhancement in wearable auditory device
Authors: Kim Seon Man
Published: May 2024

In this study, a speech enhancing neural network (NN) is proposed, which is designed for monaural auditory devices, specifically designed for use in hearing aids. Herein, a 32‐channel auditory filterbank (FB) is first implemented with an algorithm processing delay of 8 ms, which is tailored to meet the requirements of auditory devices. The proposed method primarily aims to integrate a denoising NN within the analysis phase of a uniform polyphase discrete Fourier transform (DFT) FB, aimed at enhancing speech within each band. For the denoising model, complex‐valued convolutional NNs have been applied, specifically targeting the restoration of speech phase information based on the spectral components of the DFT. A multi‐loss method is introduced, which is designed to further account for the loss of analysed speech signals within the split bands during the training process, leveraging the DFT FB strategy. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, objective assessments of speech intelligibility and quality scores are conducted under various noise conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the existing method across all types of noise.
Study of MoN gate impact on GaN high electron mobility transistor
Authors: Zhang Lixing , Lv BeiBei , Ding Xu , Yu Faxin , Mo Jiongjiong
Published: May 2024

In this letter, molybdenum nitride (MoN) gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT has been investigated with MoN developed in various physical vapour deposition (PVD) conditions. The Schottky gate is studied through forward and reverse characteristics with different processed MoN, which is compared with the standard Ni gate. Similar DC and radio frequency (RF) performances are obtained with MoN and Ni gate, while MoN demonstrated higher reliability than Ni gate through RF aging test.
An analytical calculation method of SiC MOSFET junction temperature based on thermal network theory and Laplace transform
Authors: Wang Lina , Qiu Hongcheng , Zhang Liman
Published: May 2024

In order for full utilization of the switching devices and safe continued operation of the power converter at the same time, the junction temperature of the switching devices needs to be accurately monitored without shutting down the motor drive. This paper derives an analytical junction temperature calculation method by using Laplace transformation and thermal network theory. Based on an actual motor drive, a simulation model is established using platform for power electronic systems (PLECS). Through comparison, the derived method is proven to be able to calculate junction temperature accurately.
Investigation and analysis of demand response approaches, bottlenecks, and future potential capabilities for IoT‐enabled smart grid
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adnan , Khan Tahir , Waseem Muhammad , Saleh Ahmed Mohammed , Qamar Nouman , Muqeet Hafiz Abdul
Published: May 2024

Significant attempts have been made to make the electrical grid more intelligent and responsive to better meet customers' requirements while boosting the stability and efficiency of current power systems. Smart grid technologies, which have just recently emerged, facilitated the incorporation of demand response (DR) by introducing an information and communication backbone to the current system. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key technology for smart energy grids. Security concerns have emerged as a major obstacle to the widespread adoption of IoT‐enabled devices because of the inherent Internet connectivity of these smart gadgets. Therefore, security is a crucial factor to address before the widespread implementation of IoT‐based devices in power grids. In this study, the framework and architecture of smart grids that are enabled by the IoT are first examined. Then, the role of IoT for DR in smart grids and different approaches adopted worldwide to make DR schemes more effective, have been discussed in detail. Finally, the authors discuss how IoT‐enabled smart grids can benefit from cutting‐edge solutions and technologies that make them more secure and resistant to cyber and physical attacks.
Psychotherapie der Persönlichkeitsstörungen – eine wirkfaktorenbasierte
Perspektive
Authors: Kramer Ueli
Published: May 2024

Persönlichkeitsstörungen werden als unflexible und langanhaltende Erfahrungs- und Verhaltensmuster
definiert, die beim Individuum wesentliche Probleme in der Beziehung zu sich selbst und zu anderen
Menschen verursachen. Der Beitrag stellt ein transtheoretisches Modell des Verständnisses von
Persönlichkeitsstörungen vor und diskutiert eine flexible, individualisierende, wirkfaktorenbasierte
Perspektive der Psychotherapie.
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung im Jugendalter
Authors: Steiner Sibille , Kaess Michael , Cavelti Marialuisa
Published: May 2024

Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung äußert sich in anhaltender Instabilität in Affekt, Identität und
zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen sowie impulsivem und selbstschädigendem Verhalten. Sie manifestiert sich
in der Regel erstmals im Jugend- und frühen Erwachsenenalter. Die Forschung zeigt, dass eine frühzeitige
Diagnose und Behandlung bereits im Jugendalter möglich ist und hilft, negativen psychosozialen
Langzeitfolgen entgegenzuwirken.
Empirische Einsichten aus der Persönlichkeitsforschung für die
Psychotherapiepraxis
Authors: Allemand Mathias , Steiger Mirjam
Published: May 2024

Individuelle Persönlichkeitsunterschiede können in Psychotherapie und Beratung sowohl Probleme als auch
Ressourcen darstellen. In der Praxis besteht oft ein Mangel an Wissen über nichtpathologische
Persönlichkeitseigenschaften. Zudem wurden einige traditionelle Vorstellungen über Persönlichkeit im
Erwachsenenalter durch neue Forschungsergebnisse widerlegt. Diese Arbeit präsentiert Erkenntnisse aus der
Persönlichkeitsforschung, um Anregungen für die Praxis zu bieten.
Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie über Deliberate Practice lernen
Authors: Vidalón Blachowiak Thorsten , Berning Anna , Hauschild Sophie , Taubner Svenja
Published: May 2024

Die Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie hat sich als wirksame Behandlung für verschiedene psychische
Erkrankungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen bewährt. Eine qualitativ hochwertige Schulung von
Therapeut*innen ist entscheidend, um eine effektive Therapie sicherzustellen. In diesem Kontext bietet
Deliberate Practice einen vielversprechenden Ansatz, um die Vermittlung von MBT zu optimieren.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Herausforderungen der stationären
Therapie
Authors: Müller Eva
Published: May 2024

Dieser Erfahrungsbericht soll einen praxisnahen Einblick in die stationäre Therapie von Menschen mit
einer Persönlichkeitsstörung geben. Auf unserer störungsspezifischen Abteilung ist der Großteil der
Klientinnen zwischen 18–25 Jahre alt. Diese Altersstruktur stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da
es sich um eine kritische Lebensphase im Hinblick auf die Identitätsentwicklung sowie die persönliche und
berufliche Zukunft handelt.
Systemische Therapie bei Persönlichkeitsstörungen – State of the
Art
Authors: von Sydow Kirsten
Published: May 2024

Bei der Behandlung sogenannter Persönlichkeitsstörungen gilt Systemische Therapie bisher nicht unbedingt
als First-line-Therapieoption. Und viele systemische Therapeut*innen haben Vorbehalte, überhaupt eine
solche Diagnose zu stellen. Doch erste randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien belegen, dass bestimmte
systemische Manuale bei Patient*innen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen wirksam sind. Der Text beschreibt den
Forschungsstand, die klinische Praxis und systemische Manuale für die Behandlung von
Persönlichkeitsstörungen.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen – Informationen im Internet
Authors: Hylla Karoline
Published: May 2024

Obwohl Persönlichkeitsstörungen zu einer der häufigsten Störungen in der Psychiatrie gehören, sind sie
gerade für Laien zunächst schwer begreifbar. Das Internet bietet hierzu schnelle
Informationsmöglichkeiten für Betroffene und Angehörige. Das Angebot soll hier dargestellt werden und
richtet sich sowohl an Laien als auch an Fachpersonen. Bei der Suche nach Online-Angeboten rund um
Persönlichkeitsstörungen zeigt sich jedoch ein deutlicher Kontrast bezüglich der Angebote abhängig von
der genauen Persönlichkeitsdiagnose. Hierauf soll im abschließenden Fazit eingegangen werden.
Fallbericht Angst, Panikattacken und Depression
Authors: Schepper Florian , Kraft Dagmar , Müller Dagmar , Berger Nadine
Published: May 2024

Eine junge Patientin beginnt eine ambulante Psychotherapie, weil sie seit ihrer Kindheit an Ängsten
leidet. Besonders seit der Corona-Pandemie haben sich diese Ängste verschlimmert, Panikattacken sind
dazugekommen. Sie zieht sich in die eigene Häuslichkeit zurück, es kommt zu einer depressiven
Dekompensation.
Presentation of Meibomian Acini Compared to Dermal Papillae of the Eyelid Margin, Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Corresponding Histology
Authors: Csorba A. , Imre L. , Szalai I. , Lukáts O. , Fodor E. , Szabó A. , Nagy Z. Z.
Published: May 2024

Background Numerous studies have investigated the eyelid margin using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and have presented morphological alterations of the examined structures, which were presumed to be Meibomian acini. However, recent data confirm that these structures are the cross-sections of dermal papillae of the dermoepidermal junction. This study aims to present the morphological appearance of Meibomian acini examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy in comparison to dermal papillae, and to reveal the corresponding patterns with specific histological sections.

Methods and Material Twenty healthy patients were examined with a CLSM device in vivo at the marginal edge of the eyelid. Twenty-two samples of full-thickness eyelid wedges from 22 patients treated surgically with ectropion were collected, of which 11 freshly excised samples were imaged on the incision surface with CLSM ex vivo and 11 eyelids underwent conventional histological preparation. The represented structures on CLSM images were compared to Meibomian acini on histological sections in terms of area, longest and shortest diameter, as well as depth and density.

Results On in vivo CLSM images, Meibomian orifices, epidermal cells, and dermal connective tissue could be identified, the latter in a cross-sectional view of the dermal papillae surrounded by basal cells of the epidermis, forming reflective ring-like structures. All morphological parameters of these structures differed from Meibomian acini measured on histological sections. In contrast, the CLSM images of the incision surface showed acinar units with the same morphology as the Meibomian acini seen in the histological images and no statistically significant difference was found between the corresponding parameters.

Conclusion The morphological appearance of Meibomian acini differs from the structures that were previously presumed as Meibomian glands on CLSM images. In vivo imaging of Meibomian glands by commonly used in vivo CLSM cannot be performed.
Observation of Unexplained Cases of Unilateral Upper Eyelid Retraction from Idiopathic Inflammation or an Atypical Form of Gravesʼ Orbitopathy
Authors: Schuh Anna , Bayerl-Löhe Katharina , Hintschich Christoph
Published: May 2024

Background We observed cases of unilateral upper eyelid retraction (UER) with unclear pathogenesis, where a definitive diagnosis of Gravesʼ orbitopathy (GO) could not be made and other pathologies were ruled out. The aim is to present patientsʼ findings, discuss possible underlying mechanisms, and to describe diagnostic testing and therapeutic approaches.

Patients and Methods Patients were retrospectively analyzed who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of LMU Munich between 2016 and 2021 without a definitive diagnosis of GO or other pathological causes.

Results Thirteen patients with unexplained UER were included; all showed thickening of the levator complex in imaging. When biopsy was performed, no malignancy could be detected. Therapeutic strategies included oral steroids and surgical upper eyelid blepharotomy.

Conclusion As regards to pathogenesis, in 7/13 patients, a condition of idiopathic UER due to an idiopathic inflammatory response can be postulated rather than a variant of GO.
Woran stirbt der schwerverletzte Patient: eine Analyse aus 30 Jahren TraumaRegister DGU
Authors: Lefering Rolf , Bieler Dan
Published: May 2024

An schweren Verletzungen versterben jedes Jahr Tausende von Personen in Deutschland. Aber woran versterben diese Patienten? Neben dem eigentlichen Trauma haben der prätraumatische Gesundheitsstatus, das Lebensalter und weitere Faktoren Einfluss auf das Versterben nach Trauma. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht die Frage zu beantworten, woran ein Schwerverletzter verstirbt.

Für diese Publikation wurden neben bereits publizierten Ergebnissen auch aktuelle Daten von Patienten aus deutschen Kliniken der Jahre 2015–2022 (8 Jahre) aus dem TraumaRegister DGU® betrachtet. Insbesondere wurde das Merkmal „Vermutliche Todesursache“, das 2015 eingeführt wurde, betrachtet. Früh weiterverlegte Patienten (< 48 h) und leicht verletzte Patienten, die nicht dem Basiskollektiv angehören, wurden bei der Analyse ausgeschlossen.

Die Anzahl von Todesfällen nimmt mit der Zeit ab und entspricht nicht einer früher postulierten trimodalen Sterblichkeitsverteilung. Über die Zeit zeigt die Verteilung der Todesursachen jedoch deutliche Unterschiede. In über der Hälfte der Fälle (54%) war das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) die vermutete Todesursache, gefolgt vom Organversagen (24%) und von der Hämorrhagie (9%). Das SHT dominiert vor allem in der 1. Woche, die Hämorrhagie in den ersten 24 h, und das Organversagen als Ursache nimmt mit der Zeit stetig zu.

Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass das Risiko, an den Traumafolgen zu versterben, in den ersten Minuten, Stunden und Tagen am größten ist und mit der Zeit stetig abnimmt. Insbesondere das Ausmaß der Verletzungen sowie der relevante Blutverlust gehören dabei zu den frühen Risikofaktoren.
Incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy: Risk factors and cost-effectiveness of real-time viewing
Authors: Topa Matilde , Rimondi Alessandro , Sorge Andrea , Smania Veronica , Scaramella Lucia , Nandi Nicoletta , Cavallaro Flaminia , Vecchi Maurizio , Elli Luca , Tontini Gian Eugenio
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims International guidelines recommend real-time viewing (RTV) in capsule endoscopy for gastric emptying monitoring, yet it is often overlooked in clinical practice. We aimed to assess risk factors for incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and evaluate the clinical relevance and cost-effectiveness of RTV implementation.

Methods We included consecutive SBCEs from 2013 to 2020. RTV was not applied per local protocol. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for incomplete SBCE, including prolonged gastric transit time (GTT) and prolonged small bowel transit time (SBTT).

Results Analyzing 858 SBCEs, we observed a completion rate of 94.6%. Prolonged GTT and SBTT were present in 4.9% and 18.2% of complete SBCEs, and in 13% (P=0.03) and 10.8% (P=0.24) of incomplete SBCEs, respectively. Only 0.7% (6 of 858) had incomplete SBCE with prolonged GTT. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, a modifiable (prolonged GTT odds ratio [OR] 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–7.5) and two unmodifiable risk factors (inpatient status OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1–4.5) and history of incomplete SBCE (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.3–13.7) were independently linked to higher incomplete SBCE rates. The pretest completion probability was 90.5% and 95.8% in patients with and without unmodifiable risk factors, respectively (P <0.01). The direct cost of systematic RTV adoption and prokinetics administration would be €5059, aiming to identify and treat each case of prolonged GTT associated with incomplete SBCE.

Conclusions Modern devices make incomplete SBCE rare, usually not tied to prolonged GTT. In a low-incidence scenario, widespread RTV use brings high costs and uncertain effectiveness.
Towards the Tetrabenzo-Fused Circumazulene via In-Solution and On-Surface Synthesis
Authors: Wu Fupeng , Xu Wangwei , Fu Yubin , Liu Renxiang , Yang Lin , Ruffieux Pascal , Fasel Roman , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of circumazulene, a nonalternant isomer of circumnaphthalene, and its π-expanded derivatives poses a considerable challenge due to the lack of a suitable synthetic strategy. In this work, we present our efforts toward achieving tetrabenzo-fused circumazulene (1) through both solution and on-surface syntheses. In the case of in-solution synthesis, we obtained a product (P) with the desired target mass, but the structural verification proved to be challenging owing to the presence of various structural isomers. In the on-surface synthesis approach, a series of unexpected azulene-embedded nanographenes were obtained, including a molecule with an additional pentagonal ring (U1) based on the backbone of 1. Furthermore, theoretical calculations were conducted to shed light on these unexpected structures and to investigate their aromaticity. This work opens a new avenue for the design and synthesis of novel nonalternant graphene nanostructures incorporating circumarene.