bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, lifestyle, and risk factors of erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and low libido in middle‐aged men: first results of the Bavarian Men's Health‐Study
Authors: Herkommer Kathleen , Meissner Valentin H. , Dinkel Andreas , Jahnen Matthias , Schiele Stefan , Kron Martina , Ankerst Donna P. , Gschwend Jürgen E.
Published: September 2023

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), and low libido (LL) are reported as the most common male sexual dysfunctions.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of ED, PE, and LL and associations with lifestyle risk factors and comorbidities in middle‐aged men.

Materials and methods

This study included a population‐based random sample of 2500 50‐year‐old men who completed validated questionnaires, including the International Index of Erectile Function, the Erection Hardness Score, the Sexual Complaints Screener, and further questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression of outcomes ED, PE, and LL was used to model the association with explanatory factors.

Results

The prevalence of at least one sexual dysfunction was 30%. 21%, 5.2%, and 7.2% of men had ED, PE, and LL, respectively. The risk of ED increased with PE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.22–3.08), LL (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.26–3.29), higher waist circumference (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.67–2.96), and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.39–2.55), partnership was associated with a lower risk (OR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39–0.85). The risk of PE increased with ED (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.23–3.07), partnership (OR:5.42, 95%CI: 1.30–22.60), depression (OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.09–5.14), and LUTS (OR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.52–3.87), and decreased with physical activity (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.21–0.93). The risk of LL increased with ED (OR: 2.09, 95%CI: 1.31–3.34) and poorer self‐rated health (OR: 2.97, 95%CI: 1.54–5.71).

Discussion and conclusions

Roughly one in three 50‐year‐old men experience some form of sexual dysfunction and risk factors identified in this study underline the multifactorial nature of ED, PE, and LL. Many risk factors are modifiable which underlines the role of patient education. Modifiable risk factors should be addressed in patient education and men should take active measures to remove the risk posed by these factors.
High inter‐rater reliability between physicians and nurses utilising modified Downes' scores in preterm respiratory distress
Authors: Ehret Danielle E. Y. , Demtse Gebremedhin Asrat , Hadgu Berhe Amanuel , Hailu Yohanes , Metaferia Gesit , Kessler Kaitlin , Kessler Ryan , Dunn Marie , Golan Agneta , Stavel Miroslav , Belava Jaroslava , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Edwards Erika M. , Worku Bogale , Dunn Michael , Abayneh Mahlet
Published: September 2023

Aim

To assess the inter‐rater reliability of modified Downes' scores assigned by physicians and nurses in the Ethiopian Neonatal Network and to calculate the concordance of score‐based treatment for preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Methods

We included preterm infants admitted from June 2020 to July 2021 to four tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the Ethiopian Neonatal Network that presented with respiratory distress. We calculated the kappa statistic to determine the nurse and physician correlation for each component of the modified Downes' score and total score on admission and evaluated the concordance of scores above and below the treatment threshold of 4.

Results

Of the 1151 eligible infants admitted, 817 infants (71%) had scores reported concurrently and independently by nurse and physician. The kappa statistic for modified Downes' score components ranged from 0.88 to 0.92 and was 0.89 for the total score. There was 98% concordance for score‐based treatment.

Conclusion

Incorporation of the modified Downes' score on admission for preterm infants with respiratory distress was feasible in tertiary NICUs in Ethiopia. The kappa statistics showed near‐perfect agreement between nurse and physician assessments, translating to a very high degree of concordance in score‐based treatment recommendations. These results highlight an opportunity for task‐shifting assessments and empowering nurses.
Oversight and accountability for serious incidents in Canada: Who polices the police?
Authors: Puddister Kate
Published: September 2023

This study examines the agencies responsible for investigating when a member of the public is seriously injured, is killed or experiences other serious and potentially criminal actions at the hands of police officers in Canada. The article takes a comprehensive approach by examining all police oversight agencies that are responsible for responding to and investigating allegations of police criminality—eight organizations, across nine jurisdictions. The study integrates insights from public administration and police accountability literature and examines the structures and administration of the agencies. The study provides a critical assessment of the state of police oversight for serious incidents in Canada, it identifies agency outputs (including case substantiation), levels of independence, efforts at transparency, and considers the challenges in attempting to hold police accountable in Canada.
Changes in the gut microbiota of patients with Graves' orbitopathy according to severity grade
Authors: Zhang Qianshi , Tong Boding , Xie Zhaoyu , Li Yunping , Li Yuan , Wang Lujue , Luo Ban , Qi Xin
Published: September 2023

Background

To explore the changes of gut microbiota in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients of different severity grades and to identify the pathogenic bacteria of GO and the associated mechanism.

Methods

A total of 18 healthy controls and 62 GO patients were recruited. The baseline information and faecal samples of all subjects were collected for gut microbiota analysis and metabolic function prediction analysis. 16SrDNA sequencing was used for microbial diversity detection. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was divided using the Mothur software, and the dominant microbiota was analysed. OTU number, Chao1 index, ACE index, and Shannon index of microbiota in faecal samples were analysed using the QIIME1.9.0 software. The relative abundance of microbiota in faecal samples was analysed through principal component analysis (PCA) using the Canoco Software 5.0. The metabolic function of microbiota in faecal samples was predicted using PICRUSt 2.0.

Results

There was no remarkable difference in gut microbiota diversity between groups; however, the gut microbial community and dominant microbiota significantly differed among groups. Klebsiella_pneumoniae was deemed the potentially pathogenic bacteria of GO, and its abundance was positively correlated with disease severity. The metabolic prediction results revealed that inorganic nutrition metabolism, fatty acid and lipid degradation, electron transfer, aromatic compound degradation, and alcohol degradation were notably different between groups with high and low abundance of Klebsiella_pneumoniae and among groups with different GO severity grades, thereby showing a positive correlation with GO clinical risks.

Conclusions

Klebsiella_pneumoniae was a potential GO‐related pathogen, which may regulate the metabolic pathways to affect GO progression.
Efficacy of alveolar ridge preservation with xenografts and resorbable socket sealing materials in the esthetic region: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , Magrin Gabriel Leonardo , Romandini Mario , Blanco‐Carrión Juan , Benfatti Cesar Augusto Magalhães
Published: September 2023

Aim

The present systematic review aimed to identify and summarize the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation using bone xenografts and absorbable sealing materials compared with spontaneous healing in the esthetic zone.

Materials and methods

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) fulfilling specific eligibility criteria were included. Two review authors independently searched for eligible studies, extracted data from the published reports and performed the risk of bias assessment (RoB 2 tool). Study results were summarized using random effects meta‐analyses.

Results

Thirteen articles concerning 10 RCTs were included, involving a total of 357 participants. Most of studies were considered as “low” risk of bias. Meta‐analyses indicated less horizontal (difference in means—MD = 1.88 mm; p < 0.001), vertical mid‐buccal (MD = 1.84 mm; p < 0.001) and vertical mid‐lingual (MD = 2.27 mm; p < 0.001) bone resorption in alveolar ridge preservation compared to spontaneous healing as assessed clinically. Bone changes assessed radiographically showed consistent results in terms of horizontal (at 1 mm: MD = 1.84 mm, p < 0.001), vertical mid‐buccal (MD = 0.95 mm; p < 0.001) and mid‐lingual (MD = 0.62 mm; p = 0.05) resorption. Part of the bone resorption in the spontaneous healing group was compensated by soft‐tissues, since the observed differences between groups in linear ridge reduction evaluated through cast models superimposition were smaller (MD = 0.52 mm; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Alveolar ridge preservation with xenogeneic bone substitutes and non‐autogenous resorbable socket sealing materials is efficacious in reducing post‐extraction bone and ridge changes in the esthetic region.
Peri‐zygomatic complications on zygomatic implants with or without penetrating the external surface of zygoma: A 2‐year retrospective study
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Guo Houzuo , Han Weihua , Jiang Xi , Lin Ye
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The main purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the difference in the incidence of peri‐zygomatic complications (PZCs) when zygomatic implants (ZIs) penetrate or do not penetrate the external surface of zygoma.

Materials and Methods

This study included 32 patients with edentulous maxillae or potentially edentulous maxillae undergo zygomatic implantation. The patients were divided into the penetration group (P‐group) and the non‐penetration group (N‐group) according to whether the apex of implants penetrated the external surface of zygoma in postoperative CBCT. The extension length, the penetration section of the implants, and the skin thickness at the corresponding position were simultaneously measured. Clinical follow‐up was conducted regularly until 2 years after surgery. The occurrence of PZCs (including peri‐zygomatic infection, skin numbness, non‐infectious pain, and foreign body sensation) was recorded. A mixed effect logistic model was used to compare the difference of complication rate between the P‐group and the N‐group, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Then identify the impact of the extension length, penetration section and skin thickness in P‐group with the same model.

Results

A total of 71 ZIs were implanted in 32 patients, including 37 implants in the P‐group and 34 implants in the N‐group. During the 2‐year follow‐up, a total of 13 implants occurred PZCs, with an overall complication rate of 18.3%. Thereinto, the incidence rate was 29.7% in the P‐group, and 5.9% in the N‐group (OR = 6.77). In P‐group, there was a significant difference in complication rate of different extension lengths, while the penetration section and skin thickness had no statistical significance on the complication rate.

Conclusion

Under the limitation of this study, to minimize the risk of PZCs, ZI should be placed in a manner that avoids the apex penetrating the external surface of the zygoma.
Explicit incentives increase citizen science recordings
Authors: Diekert Florian , Munzinger Stefan , Schulemann‐Maier Gaby , Städtler Laura
Published: September 2023

From tracking land‐use change to biodiversity loss, citizen science data have become a cornerstone for conservation. However, policymakers must understand the “data‐generating process” to make good use of existing citizen science data and encourage the production of useful new data. We analyze data from the two largest German online platforms for ecological observations to explore and quantify the effect of explicit incentives on volunteer recordings, created by a large‐scale prize competition on one of the platforms. We find 10% more recordings during the prize competition. Moreover, the effects of weather and weekends are attenuated during the competition period. Finally, the diversity of recorded species decreases. Our study shows the first statistical evidence that using explicit incentives increases the quantity of citizen science data. It highlights the need to further study the effect of explicit incentives on data quality and the engagement of citizens for conservation.
Characteristics and risk factors for advanced lung cancer with pulmonary embolism: A cross‐sectional, case–control study
Authors: Huang Yongkang , Gao Shiyuan , Li Ting , Zhang Beilei , Du Juan , Qian Yajuan , Xing Yufei , Zhou Tong , Shi Minhua , Huang Jian‐an , Lian Yixin
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life‐threatening complication that can occur in patients with lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors and examine the clinical characteristics of advanced lung cancer patients with PE.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of patients admitted to our two hospitals between January 2020 and June 2022. The case group consisted of patients with lung cancer and PE, and a closely matched control group was included to identify risk factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using R language.

Results

A total of 4957 patients were reviewed, and 162 patients (comprising 54 cases and 108 controls) were included in this study. The prevalence of lung cancer with PE in the study population was 1.08%. The majority of patients were male, and the most common histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (67%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and poorly differentiated non‐small cell lung cancer. The majority of patients had a high performance status (PS) score, with 50% experiencing respiratory failure (mainly hypoxia) and 33% with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Forty‐eight percent of patients were diagnosed with concurrent PE. Further analysis showed that PE was an independent predictor of poor survival, and a PS score of >1 was an independent risk factor for PE in patients with lung cancer.

Conclusion

Our study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and prognosis of PE in lung cancer patients and suggests that a poor ECOG PS, which has not been previously reported, is an independent risk factor for PE.
Interactive effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant‐infected adults: A real‐world cohort study
Authors: Peng Denggao , Gao Yanzhang , Liu Zhichao , Zheng Jiawei , Liu Yingxia
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Effect of booster vaccination and vitamin D status on antibody production of Omicron variant‐infected adults need to be further explored.

Methods

A retrospective, longitudinal, real‐world cohort study was performed. All included cases were divided into vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and non‐VDD (control) groups according to baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and then into unvaccinated, routinely vaccinated, and booster vaccinated VDD and control subgroups according to vaccination status. Antibody dynamics were observed within six time periods during hospitalization.

Results

A total of 204 adult cases were included, of which 121 (59%) were males; 23 (11%), 31 (15%), and 26 (13%) or 50 (25%), 35 (17%), and 39 (19%) were unvaccinated, routinely vaccinated, and booster vaccinated VDD cases or controls, respectively. The median (interquartile range) for age and baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 42.5 (31–53.5) years and 21.5 (18–25.4) ng/mL, respectively. The IgM titers within 3 to 7 days and 7 to 14 days increased rapidly to 1.8‐fold (P < 0.001) and 3.6‐fold (P < 0.001) those within the first day; the IgG titers increased to 5.8‐fold (P < 0.001) and 10.9‐fold (P < 0.001). Booster vaccinated controls had higher first IgG titers compared with unvaccinated controls (3.1‐fold; P = 0.001) or booster vaccinated VDD cases (2.1‐fold; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Booster vaccination and non‐VDD status may have an interactive boosting effect on IgG production of Omicron variant‐infected adults. Further randomized clinical trials may be needed to determine whether booster vaccination combined with VDD correction improves the humoral immunity to Omicron variants.
Risk factors for BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Zhang Senlin , Fan Junjie , Zhu Xiaoping , Hu Shaoyan
Published: September 2023

Objective and Background

BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV‐HC) is an intractable complication leading to higher mortality and prolonged hospitalization among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) recipients. Therefore, identifying the potential risk factors of BKV‐HC after allo‐HCT is crucial to improve prognosis and for early prevention. However, the risk factors for BKV‐HC remain debatable. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify the risk factors for BKV‐HC, for early prevention of the occurrence of BKV‐HC and to improve the quality of life and prognosis of allo‐HCT recipients.

Methods

We searched relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to February 2023. The odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all risk factors were calculated to evaluate their effects on the occurrence of BKV‐HC.

Results

Overall, 11 studies involving 2556 allo‐HCT recipients were included in this meta‐analysis. All included studies were retrospective and published between 2013 and 2022. We found that male sex (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07–1.62; p = .009, I2 = 34%), haploidentical donor (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18–2.87; p = .007, I2 = 23%), myeloablative conditioning (OR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.36–2.28; p < .0001, I2 = 45%), acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.02–3.69; p < .0001, I2 = 46%), chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.12–2.60; p = .01, I2 = 0%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (OR = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.12–8.78; p = .03, I2 = 79%) were significantly associated with BKV‐HC in the univariable analysis.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis indicated that male sex, haploidentical donor, myeloablative conditioning, aGVHD, cGVHD, and CMV reactivation were potential risk factors for BKV‐HC.
Attitudes towards capitalism in 34 countries on five continents
Authors: Zitelmann Rainer
Published: September 2023

The author commissioned a survey on the image of capitalism in 34 countries. In only six of these countries – led by Poland and the United States – do pro‐capitalist attitudes dominate. Although approval of capitalism increases when the word ‘capitalism’ is omitted (and instead only described), even then a positive attitude dominates in only seven of 34 countries. The most frequently mentioned criticisms of capitalism are that capitalism is dominated by the rich and that capitalism leads to growing inequality. Respondents with higher incomes and higher levels of education, men, and those who classified themselves as being on the right of the political spectrum are less anti‐capitalist or are more pro‐capitalist than the population at large in most countries. In 33 countries, anti‐capitalists tend to be more conspiracy‐minded than pro‐capitalists.
Early recognition with capnography, and successful resuscitation, of severe cardiac dysfunction in a horse receiving amiodarone during transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC)
Authors: Pye Elliot , Gozalo‐Marcilla Miguel , Blissitt Karen
Published: September 2023

A 19‐year‐old Cob mare with atrial fibrillation (AF) presented for transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC). Under general anaesthesia, three successive incremental electric shocks were given (total 750 J) and sinus rhythm was temporarily restored. After 13 s, AF recurred so a fourth shock (300 J) was given and intravenous (IV) amiodarone started. Shortly after, capnography revealed an acute drop in the end‐tidal carbon dioxide, which was followed by agonal gasping. Echocardiography showed severe cardiac dysfunction. Successful cardiac resuscitation consisted, among others, of cessation of amiodarone and administration of dobutamine and adrenaline. This case report highlights the importance of capnography as a non‐invasive means of cardiac output monitoring in equine anaesthesia which definitely contributed to a positive outcome in this case. It also emphasises the critical importance of early recognition and communication of complications within anaesthetic and cardiology teams.
Do female labor‐migrated households have lower productivity? Empirical evidence from rural rice farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Md Nazirul Islam , Salam Md Abdus , Firdaus R. B. Radin
Published: September 2023

The labor movement from rural areas and the remittance flow from migrants is a common household livelihood strategy in rural Bangladesh. While migration can offer economic benefits through remittances, it can be a source of hardship for migrants and their families due to societal culture. This study examines the differences in farm productivity and technical efficiency between female and male labor migrants by focusing on female and male laborers who have lived away from their homes for 6 months or more within the country and its reflection on farm production. Using data on 2271 rice plots from Bangladesh Integrated Households Survey in 2018, we estimate plot‐level stochastic meta‐frontier approach for households with female‐labor migrants and male‐labor migrants separately emphasizing technological difference and heteroskedastic technical efficiency. The empirical result shows that the female‐labor migrants' farms have 10.3% lower production frontier (maximum frontier yield) and 6.1% higher technical efficiency than male migrants' farms, indicating that they have 4.2% lower productivity. Lower production frontier reflects lower management ability and less attention to farm practice. Moreover, the study reveals that female‐labor migrants' farms are closer to the meta‐frontier, suggesting smaller technology gaps. However, some farmers failed to achieve the highest possible output in relation to the meta‐frontier, indicating that farmers can boost their production by adopting and disseminating new rice production technology.
Plasminogen, human‐tvmh for the treatment of children and adults with plasminogen deficiency type 1
Authors: Shapiro Amy D. , Nakar Charles , Parker Joseph M. , Thibaudeau Karen , Crea Roberto , Sandset Per Morten
Published: September 2023

Aim

An open‐label phase 2/3 study of plasminogen, human‐tvmh administered intravenously in paediatric and adult subjects with type 1 plasminogen deficiency was conducted. Interim data was previously reported. The final data on 15 subjects who completed the study up to a maximum of 124 weeks are reported here.

Methods

The primary objectives were to evaluate efficacy of plasminogen replacement therapy on clinically evident or visible lesions during 48 weeks of dosing and to achieve an increase in trough plasminogen activity levels by at least an absolute 10% above baseline during 12 weeks of treatment.

Results

The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved, as 100% of subjects (n = 11) with visible and assessable non‐visible lesions at baseline demonstrated ≥ 50% improvement after 48 weeks of study drug treatment with plasminogen, human‐tvmh. All subjects achieved the targeted ≥ 10% increase in trough plasminogen activity above baseline through Week 12. Plasminogen, human‐tvmh at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg administered every 2–5 days for 48 weeks and every 1–7 days for up to 124 weeks was well tolerated.

Conclusion

This study provides additional evidence regarding the long‐term safety and clinical utility of replacement therapy with human plasminogen for the treatment of children and adults with type 1 plasminogen deficiency. Plasminogen, human‐tvmh received marketing approval on June 4, 2021. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02690714.
Nouvel éclairage sur la relation entre inégalités et informalité à partir de l'exemple latino‐américain
Authors: AMARANTE Verónica , ARIM Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

De nombreuses économies en développement affichent à la fois de fortes inégalités des revenus et un emploi largement informel. Malgré cette conjonction frappante, la relation entre les deux phénomènes est peu étudiée, en particulier pour l'Amérique latine. Les auteurs soulignent la complexité de ce lien et isolent plusieurs facteurs susceptibles d'influer en la matière. Ils testent leur modèle conceptuel empiriquement avec des données de panel portant sur une série de pays latino‐américains et sur la période 1990‐2018. Dans ce contexte particulier, les résultats font apparaître une association positive entre la formalisation du marché du travail et l'égalité des revenus du travail.
Identification of genes associated with the silk gland size using multi‐omics in silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Sun Lindan , Sun Binbin , Chen Liang , Ge Qi , Chen Keping
Published: September 2023

Silk gland size in silkworms (Bombyx mori) affects silk output. However, the molecular mechanisms by which genes regulate silk gland size remain unclear. In this study, silk glands from three pure silkworm strains (A798, A306 and XH) with different silk gland weight phenotypes were compared using transcriptomics and proteomics to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs). When comparing A798 to A306 and A798 to XH, 830 and 469 DEGs were up‐regulated, respectively. These genes were related to the gene ontology terms, metabolic process, transport activity and biosynthesis process. In addition, 372 and 302 up‐regulated differentially expressed proteins were detected in A798 to A306 and A798 to XH, respectively, related to the gene ontology terms, ribosome and protein export, ribosome and polypeptide biosynthesis processes. Moreover, combined transcriptomics, proteomics and weighted correlation network analyses showed that five genes (BGIBMGA002524, BGIBMGA002629, BGIBMGA005659, BGIBMGA005711 and BGIBMGA010889) were significantly associated with the silk gland weight. Reverse Transcription‐quantitative real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to verify the mRNA and protein expression of five genes in the silk glands and tissues of 18 silkworm strains. The results showed that four genes have higher expression levels in heavier silk glands. These genes are associated with glycogen metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism, thus potentially promoting growth and silk protein synthesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between silk gland weight and silk yield in silkworms.
ESG portfolio for TDFs with time‐varying higher moments and cardinality constraint
Authors: Liu Wenling , Jing Kui
Published: September 2023

Pension funds are crucial in supporting environmentally sustainable and socially responsible investments. This paper focuses on an essential product of pension funds, target date funds (TDFs), constructing its portfolio model that considers environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment. Our model utilizes the mean–variance–skewness–kurtosis optimization framework and accounts for the time‐varying relationship between realized higher moments and subsequent TDFs performance. A cardinality constraint is included to prevent over‐diversification and reduce costs, controlling the number of constituent funds in the TDFs. Since the model is multiobjective, we transform it into a single‐objective optimization through the investment manager's preferences. The numerical experiments represent the most suitable time‐varying higher moment strategy for the Chinese market and demonstrate the model's applicability to managers prioritizing risk over returns, which resonates well with the conservative investment of pension funds. We prove that controlling the number of constituent funds with cardinality constraint is advantageous for improving TDFs' performance. By selecting ESG funds as underlying assets, we highlight that green TDFs have better long‐term performance in terms of higher moment risk.
RETRACTED: Effect of tobacco usage on surgical site wound problems after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Jiwen , Si Mengdi , Huang Zongqiang
Published: September 2023

The meta‐analysis aims to assess and compare the effect of tobacco usage on surgical site wound problems (SSWPs) after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty (PTH&TKA). Using dichotomous random‐ or fixed‐effects models, the outcomes of this meta‐analysis were examined, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed. Fifteen studies from 2001 to 2023 were enrolled for the present meta‐analysis including 560 819 personals with PTH&TKA. Smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21–1.94, p < 0.001) compared with non‐smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. Current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.40–1.80, p < 0.001) compared with non‐smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. Current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19–1.70, p < 0.001) compared with former smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. However, former smokers and non‐smokers had no significant difference in SSWPs (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.95–1.30, p = 19) in personals with PTH&TKA. The examined data revealed that in personals with PTH&TKA smokers had significantly higher SSWPs compared with non‐smokers, and current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs compared with non‐smokers and former smokers; however, former smokers and non‐smokers had no significant difference in SSWPs. Yet, attention should be implemented while relating to its values since some of the comparisons were made using a low number of selected studies.
Redox enhanced slow ion kinetics in oxide ceramics
Authors: Dong Yanhao
Published: September 2023

There is a growing interest in field‐assisted fast ceramic processing and long‐term service of electrochemical devices under harsh operation conditions. These extreme redox conditions can make some conventionally thought slow ions highly mobile in electrochemical materials and devices and greatly accelerate the microstructural evolution. Experimental observations for enhanced slow ion diffusion that controls mass transport include accelerated grain growth in zirconia and ceria under atmospheric and electrochemical reduction above 1000°C and lattice cavitation of high‐voltage Li‐rich layered cathodes of lithium‐ion batteries at room temperature. These observations cannot be explained by altered defect concentrations under defect chemistry arguments. Instead, they support hugely enhanced slow ion mobility. My colleagues and I recently proposed a new mechanism resulted from strong electron–phonon interactions and dynamic electronic relaxations at the saddle point of an ion hopping event, which significantly lowers the ion migration barrier. In this perspective article, the theory and its experimental and computational supports shall be discussed. Such an electronic effect holds even in nominally ionic ceramic materials with wide bandgaps and is expected to be general in many transition metal oxides. It rationalizes a variety of intriguing experimental observations and offers an electronic perspective on the redox enhancement of slow ion kinetics in structural, functional, and energy ceramics.
A Pd@ZIF‐62/TiC membrane electrode for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Pi Guangguang , Yang Jianye , Wu Kai , Li Yanshuo , Fang Wei
Published: September 2023

Developing a highly active and stable electrode with a controllable size is greatly demanded to satisfy the large‐scale application of electrochemical hydrogen production via water splitting. To overcome this challenge, a novel binder‐free membrane electrode comprising Pd anchored on ZIF‐62 glass supported on a porous TiC substrate has been developed to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The optimal Pd@ZIF‐62/TiC membrane electrode only requires a stable overpotential of ∼90 mV to reach a current density of 30 mA cm−2 within 20 h of operation. The outstanding HER performance of such electrode can be ascribed to its unique porous membrane structure, which accelerates the mass transfer kinetics of electrolyte ions and in situ generated hydrogen bubbles. As the Pd decorated molten ZIF‐62 glass penetrated heavily into the TiC support pores, a very strong adhesion between Pd@ZIF‐62 electrocatalytic layer and TiC substrate could be formed, which lowers the interfacial resistance between the catalyst and its substrate as well as promotes the charge transfer kinetics of HER electrode.
Barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of surgical safety checklists: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Paterson Catherine , Mckie A. , Turner M. , Kaak V.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Despite the documented benefits of the World Health Organisation Patient Safety Checklist compliance rates with implementation continue to cause risk to patient safety. This qualitative systematic review aimed to explore the reported factors that impact compliance and implementation processes related to surgical safety checklists in perioperative settings.

Design

A qualitative systematic review.

Methods

A systematic review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach to synthesize qualitative studies was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were expansively searched using keywords and subject headings. Articles were assessed using a pre‐selected eligibility criterion. Data extraction and quality appraisal was undertaken for all included studies and a meta‐aggregation performed.

Data Sources

The CINAHL, Medline and Scopus databases were searched in August 2022 and the search was repeated in June 2023.

Results

34 studies were included. Following the synthesis of the findings there were multiple interrelating barriers to checklist compliance that impacted implementation. There were more barriers than enablers reported in existing studies. Enablers included effective leadership, education and training, timely use of audit and feedback, local champions, and the option for local modifications to the surgical checklist. Further research should focus on targeted interventions that improve observed compliance rates to optimize patient safety.

Conclusion

This qualitative systematic review identified multiple key factors that influenced the uptake of the Surgical Safety Checklist in operating theatres.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Surgeon participation, hierarchical culture, complacency, and duplication of existing safety processes were identified which impacted the use and completion of the checklist.
Stress and burnout in nursing home and égida workers during COVID‐19
Authors: Navarro‐Prados Ana‐Belén , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Yanielis , Satorres Encarnacion , Meléndez Juan C.
Published: September 2023

Aims

Finding out whether there are differences in the levels of stress and burnout between workers providing care to dependent adults and those caring for independent older adults would provide comparative information about two different models of care. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, workers caring for older adults were subjected to maladaptive situations that produced stress and burnout.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey design using the STROBE checklist.

Methods

A total of 900 nursing home and égidas workers were assessed for stress and burnout. Data were collected online from October 2020 to February 2021, when Puerto Rico was experiencing the peak of the third wave of COVID‐19. MANOVAs were performed to study the interactions between the workplace and having had COVID, the workplace and the size of institution and the workplace and position held.

Data Sources

October 2020 to February 2021.

Results

All interactions were significant. Nursing homes showed higher levels of stress and burnout when workers had undergone COVID, when the size of the institution was larger and for technical staff other services; in égidas, having undergone COVID did not influence stress or burnout, which increased when the institution was smaller and for executive staff.

Conclusions

This study showed that the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic affected nursing home workers more significantly than those working in other types of residential models with independent older adults.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Applying preventive interventions aimed at reducing stress and burnout would facilitate the adaptation of workers caring for older adults and help to improve the quality of care.

Impact

This study analysed the impact of COVID‐19 on the stress and burnout of workers providing services to older adults. Nursing home workers who have had COVID‐19 have higher stress and burnout. The size of the institution has a different effect depending on whether older adults are dependent or independent. Workers in institutions dedicated to the care of the older adults.

Reporting Method

This study has adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE.

Patient or Public Contribution

During the different waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it was difficult to establish direct contact with workers providing care to older adults; this reason made it necessary to apply online systems to obtain information. The workers appreciated the fact that the implications for stress and burnout of the situation experienced during this difficult process were investigated.
Red and melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Comparative analysis of farmed, wild and hybrid fish reared under identical conditions
Authors: Brimsholm Malin , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Fraser Thomas Kenneth William , Solberg Monica , Glover Kevin , Koppang Erling Olaf , Bjørgen Håvard
Published: September 2023

Selective breeding plays a vital role in the production of farmed Atlantic salmon and has shown success in many aspects. Still, challenges related to fish health and welfare continue to result in significant economic losses. One such challenge is red and melanized focal changes (RFC/MFC), which result from acute and chronic inflammation, respectively, in the skeletal muscle. Importantly, RFC/MFC has not been observed in wild Atlantic salmon, suggesting that both external and genetic factors may contribute to the development of inflammation. To investigate the underlying cause of RFC/MFC, we conducted a study involving 1854 Atlantic salmon of farmed, wild and hybrid origin. All fish were reared under identical conditions to minimize the influence of external factors. Throughout the production cycle, the fish was monitored for growth parameters and examined for RFC/MFC using macroscopic and histological analysis. We found no association between the experimental groups and the presence of RFC/MFC. Histological investigations revealed melano‐macrophages in the soft tissue in freshwater smolt, although no macroscopic discoloration was observed. MFC showed granulomas in various stages, suggesting a complex progression of the condition. In summary, we conclude that RFC/MFC is primarily caused by external factors found in the rearing facilities of farmed Atlantic salmon.
Cut‐off scores of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐8: Implications for improving the management of chronic pain
Authors: Ali Amira Mohammed , Alameri Rana Ali , Brooks Tiffany , Ali Tazeen Saeed , Ibrahim Nashwa , Khatatbeh Haitham , Pakai Annamaria , Alkhamees Abdulmajeed A. , Al‐Dossary Saeed A.
Published: September 2023

Aim

Mental distress, non‐specific symptoms of depression and anxiety, is common in chronic pelvic pain (CPP). It contributes to poor recovery. Women's health nurses operate in multidisciplinary teams to facilitate the assessment and treatment of CPP. However, valid cut‐off points for identifying highly distressed patients are lacking, entailing a gap in CPP management.

Design

This instrumental cross‐sectional study identified a statistically derived cut‐off score for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐8 (DASS‐8) among 214 Australian women with CPP (mean age = 33.3, SD = 12.4, range = 13–71 years).

Methods

Receiver operator characteristic curve, decision trees and K‐means clustering techniques were used to examine the predictive capacity of the DASS‐8 for psychiatric comorbidity, pain severity, any medication intake, analgesic intake and sexual abuse. The study is prepared according to the STROBE checklist.

Results

Cut‐off points resulting from the analysis were ordered ascendingly. The median (13.0) was chosen as an optimal cut‐off score for predicting key outcomes. Women with DASS‐8 scores below 15.5 had higher analgesic intake.

Conclusion

CPP women with a DASS‐8 score above 13.0 express greater pain severity, psychiatric comorbidity and polypharmacy. Thus, they may be a specific target for nursing interventions dedicated to alleviating pain through the management of associated co‐morbidities.

Implications for patient care

At a cut‐off point of 13.0, the DASS‐8 may be a practical instrument for recommending a thorough clinician‐based examination for psychiatric comorbidity to facilitate adequate CPP management. It may be useful for evaluating patients' response to nursing pain management efforts. Replications of the study in different populations/countries are warranted.
The association between weight‐adjusted‐waist index and self‐reported infertility among women of reproductive age in the United States
Authors: He Qinyuan , Chen Chen , Bai Shufen
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study aimed to determine whether the weight‐adjusted‐waist index (WWI) affected infertility in women of childbearing age in the United States.

Methods

In this study, a database from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used. We analyzed 3374 participants' data cross‐sectionally. The survey used WWI and fertility status as independent and dependent variables. To determine the effect of WWI, an analysis of the independent relationship between WWI and infertility was conducted using weighted multivariable logistic regression and a generalized additive mode (GAM). A smooth curve fitting test was used to calculate whether there was a linear association between WWI and the incidence rate of infertility, as well as subgroup analyses and interaction tests.

Results

The prevalence of infertility was 10.19% among 3374 participants. Higher WWI quartiles were associated with higher infertility rates. Based on a fully adjusted model, the effects of WWI on fertility were positive (odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.66). As a result of smooth curve fitting, the association was linear across the entire WWI. Different characteristics were associated with different risks of infertility in subgroup analysis.

Conclusion

Among women of reproductive age in the United States, WWI levels were positively associated with infertility. This relationship needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Presentation and primary care management of temporomandibular disorders: A survey of primary care dentists in Santiago and Newcastle
Authors: Penlington Chris , Palmer Julia , Martinez‐Telchi Daniela , Durham Justin , Valentine Tobar Lahosa , Casals Maria Jose , Oyarzo Juan Fernando
Published: September 2023

Background

Primary care dentists are often the first point of call for people with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) but it is not known how many people present to their dentist with TMD or the forms of first‐line management that are routinely offered.

Objectives

To report rates of presentation of TMD and management offered in primary care by general dental practitioners in two similarly urban areas, Santiago, Chile and North‐East England.

Methods

An online survey was developed and distributed to primary care dentists in both regions. Descriptive data were presented to quantify presentation rates and forms of management offered.

Results

Responses were received from 215 dentists practising in Chile and 46 in Newcastle. The majority reported seeing 1–2 patients weekly with TMD and less than one new presentation each week. Symptoms were most often treated conservatively and with self‐management according to international guidelines. The form of self‐management varied however and verbal instructions were often not backed up by written information.

Conclusions

This research provides a useful starting point in understanding the presentation to, and initial treatment of TMD in primary care internationally. Limitations included the method of recruitment and potentially non‐representative samples. Further research could build on this work by including more countries and using more structured sampling methods. The work will be useful in understanding and planning early care pathways for people experiencing TMD.
Provision of colonoscopy in rural settings: A qualitative assessment of provider context, barriers, facilitators, and capacity
Authors: Ramalingam NithyaPriya , Coury Jennifer , Barnes Chrystal , Kenzie Erin S. , Petrik Amanda F. , Mummadi Rajasekhara R. , Coronado Gloria , Davis Melinda M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Colonoscopy can prevent morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) and is the most commonly used screening method in the United States. Barriers to colonoscopy at multiple levels can contribute to disparities. Yet, in rural settings, little is known about who delivers colonoscopy and facilitators and barriers to colonoscopy access through screening completion.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study with providers in rural Oregon who worked in endoscopy centers or primary care clinics. Semistructured interviews, conducted in July and August, 2021, focused on clinician experiences providing colonoscopy to rural Medicaid patients, including workflows, barriers, and access. We used thematic analysis, through immersion crystallization, to analyze interview transcripts and develop emergent themes.

Findings

We interviewed 19 providers. We found two categories of colonoscopy providers: primary care providers (PCPs) doing colonoscopy on their own patients (n = 9; 47%) and general surgeons providing colonoscopy to patients referred to their services (n = 10; 53%). Providers described barriers to colonoscopy at the provider, community, and patient levels and suggested patient supports could help overcome them. Providers found current colonoscopy capacity sufficient, but noted PCPs trained to perform colonoscopy would be key to continued accessibility. Finally, providers shared concerns about the shrinking number of PCP endoscopists, especially with anticipated increased screening demand related to the CRC screening guideline shift.

Conclusions

These themes reflect opportunities to address multilevel barriers to improve access, colonoscopy capacity, and patient education approaches. Our results highlight that PCPs are an essential part of the workforce that provides colonoscopy in rural areas.