bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of dead wood decay in Swiss forests
Authors: Hararuk Oleksandra , Kurz Werner A. , Didion Markus
Published: June 2020

Background

Forests are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle and can be net sources or sinks of CO2, thus mitigating or exacerbating the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. While forest productivity is often inferred from national-scale yield tables or from satellite products, forest C emissions resulting from dead organic matter decay are usually simulated, therefore it is important to ensure the accuracy and reliability of a model used to simulate organic matter decay at an appropriate scale. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) provide a record of carbon pools in ecosystem components, and these measurements are essential for evaluating rates and controls of C dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this study we combine the observations from the Swiss NFIs and machine learning techniques to quantify the decay rates of the standing snags and downed logs and identify the main controls of dead wood decay.

Results

We found that wood decay rate was affected by tree species, temperature, and precipitation. Dead wood originating from Fagus sylvatica decayed the fastest, with the residence times ranging from 27 to 54 years at the warmest and coldest Swiss sites, respectively. Hardwoods at wetter sites tended to decompose faster compared to hardwoods at drier sites, with residence times 45–92 and 62–95 years for the wetter and drier sites, respectively. Dead wood originating from softwood species had the longest residence times ranging from 58 to 191 years at wetter sites and from 78 to 286 years at drier sites.

Conclusions

This study illustrates how long-term dead wood observations collected and remeasured during several NFI campaigns can be used to estimate dead wood decay parameters, as well as gain understanding about controls of dead wood dynamics. The wood decay parameters quantified in this study can be used in carbon budget models to simulate the decay dynamics of dead wood, however more measurements (e.g. of soil C dynamics at the same plots) are needed to estimate what fraction of dead wood is converted to CO2, and what fraction is incorporated into soil.
Role of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of normal and diseased thymus
Authors: Hussein S. A. , Sabri Y. Y. , Fouad M. A. , Al-Zawam H. H. , Mohamed N. M.
Published: June 2020

Background

The appearance of the thymus on imaging studies showed great variability. Thymus imaging is a great challenge. This cross-sectional prospective study investigated the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of normal and diseased thymus. Chest X-ray was done as a primary survey. Chest computed tomography (CT) was done for 82 patients, chest magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) was done for 40 patients, and 18 flurodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (18 FDG-PET) was done for 2 patients. Ultrasonography (US) of the anterior mediastinum was done for 2 pediatric patients. Histopathological assessment was done for all cases with diseased thymus.

Results

The study included 158 patients divided into 2 groups: group A, 79 patients with normal thymus for age and group B, 79 patients with thymic lesions detected by one or more of the used modalities. The large-sized thymus was in 79 patients, who were subcategorized to patients with myasthenia gravis (12 patients) and patients with mediastinal masses (67 patients). Imaging findings in normal and diseased thymus gland were compared and lesion analysis by various modalities displayed with histopathological correlation.

Conclusion

There are different imaging modalities for thymus gland evaluation. CT is beneficial for primary assessment giving the morphology and density, and MRI is the imaging modality of choice in diseased thymus owing to functional assessment of the gland; however, X-ray may be helpful as a primary survey tool before CT and MRI. Chest ultrasound could be a suitable primary assessment tool in pediatrics before MRI because it is an easy bedside test.
Electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression, psychosis and chorea in a patient with Huntington's disease: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mowafi Walied , Millard Jon
Published: June 2020

Aims and method

The psychiatric manifestations of Huntington's disease are myriad and difficult to control. The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not commonly considered for this condition. We describe a patient with severe depression, psychomotor retardation, delusions and weight loss who responded to ECT with good control of her symptoms.

Results

Both our case and the literature appear to confirm the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of depression in Huntington's disease and suggest that other psychiatric manifestations of Huntington's are also responsive.

Clinical implications

ECT is an effective and safe treatment that should be considered earlier in the course of the disease in cases that show limited response to pharmacological therapy. It should also be considered as an adjunct to medical therapy that may simplify polypharmacy and allow better control in patients with debilitating psychiatric manifestations of the disease. There is limited and conflicting evidence for its efficacy in chorea.
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Metformin, and Dapagliflozin
Authors: McInnes Natalia , Hall Stephanie , Sultan Farah , Aronson Ronnie , Hramiak Irene , Harris Stewart , Sigal Ronald J , Woo Vincent , Liu Yan Yun , Gerstein Hertzel C
Published: June 2020

Objective

To examine diabetes remission following a short-term intensive metabolic intervention combining lifestyle and glucose-lowering approaches.

Methods

We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial in 154 patients with type 2 diabetes up to 8 years in duration on 0 to 2 glucose-lowering medications. Participants were randomized to (a) a 12-week intensive intervention comprising lifestyle approaches and treatment with insulin glargine, metformin, and dapagliflozin or (b) standard diabetes care. At 12 weeks, diabetes medications were discontinued in participants with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) < 7.3% (56 mmol/mol). Participants were then followed for diabetes relapse until 64 weeks. The primary outcome was complete or partial diabetes remission (HbA1C < 6.5% [48 mmol/mol] off chronic diabetes drugs) at 24 weeks. Main secondary outcomes were complete or partial diabetes remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks.

Results

The primary outcome was achieved in 19 (24.7%) intervention group participants and 13 (16.9%) control group participants at 24 weeks (relative risk [RR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-2.7). The relative risks of remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks were 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-5.0), 2.1 (95% CI, 1.0-4.4), and 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.7), respectively. In an exploratory analysis, the intervention reduced the hazard of diabetes relapse with overt hyperglycemia by 43% (hazard ratio 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.81).

Conclusions

Our primary outcome of diabetes remission at 24 weeks was not statistically significantly different. However, our overall results suggest that some patients with early type 2 diabetes are able to achieve sustained diabetes remission following a short-term intensive intervention. Further studies are needed to optimize the combined therapeutic approach used.
A Queering-to-Come
Authors: Fiereck Kirk , Hoad Neville , Mupotsa Danai S.
Published: June 2020

This introduction outlines the idea of the queer customary and how various African articulations of it engage, contest, and nuance central concerns of queer theory produced in the global North, particularly around ideas of normativity—hetero and homo. It speculates on the customary’s reworking of temporality and what that reworking does to historical time and the problems and possibilities in reading the colonial archive in the search for a useable past for both lived African sexual and gendered experience and the academic study of it. The customary is seen as an iterative containment of ancestral time, a powerful form of self-fashioning in the present, and as an invitation to futurity. Brief framings of how the various essays in the special issue elaborate what we are calling the queer customary follow.
Molecular basis for the distinct cellular functions of the Lsm1–7 and Lsm2–8 complexes
Authors: Montemayor Eric J. , Virta Johanna M. , Hayes Samuel M. , Nomura Yuichiro , Brow David A. , Butcher Samuel E.
Published: June 2020

Eukaryotes possess eight highly conserved Lsm (like Sm) proteins that assemble into circular, heteroheptameric complexes, bind RNA, and direct a diverse range of biological processes. Among the many essential functions of Lsm proteins, the cytoplasmic Lsm1–7 complex initiates mRNA decay, while the nuclear Lsm2–8 complex acts as a chaperone for U6 spliceosomal RNA. It has been unclear how these complexes perform their distinct functions while differing by only one out of seven subunits. Here, we elucidate the molecular basis for Lsm-RNA recognition and present four high-resolution structures of Lsm complexes bound to RNAs. The structures of Lsm2–8 bound to RNA identify the unique 2′,3′ cyclic phosphate end of U6 as a prime determinant of specificity. In contrast, the Lsm1–7 complex strongly discriminates against cyclic phosphates and tightly binds to oligouridylate tracts with terminal purines. Lsm5 uniquely recognizes purine bases, explaining its divergent sequence relative to other Lsm subunits. Lsm1–7 loads onto RNA from the 3′ end and removal of the Lsm1 carboxy-terminal region allows Lsm1–7 to scan along RNA, suggesting a gated mechanism for accessing internal binding sites. These data reveal the molecular basis for RNA binding by Lsm proteins, a fundamental step in the formation of molecular assemblies that are central to eukaryotic mRNA metabolism.
Equador E As Novas Ameaças: Uma Leitura A Partir Dos Documentos De Defesa
Authors: Valdivieso Cristian , Dos Santos Jéssica
Published: June 2020

Desde o final da década de 1990, o Equador tem renovado sua política de defesa. Passando pela superação do conflito com o Peru, o setor de defesa incluiu o combate às ‘novas ameaças’ como uma forma de combater os diversos focos de violência provenientes do cenário global e regional. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o impacto das novas ameaças na formulação da política de defesa do Equador compreendida entre o período 2002 e 2018. Para tal efeito, analisam-se documentos oficiais como os Livros Brancos de Defesa (2002, 2006, 2018) e as Agendas Políticas de Defesa (2011, 2014-2017), marcos gerais da política de defesa equatoriana.Palavras-chave: Equador; Política de Defesa; novas ameaças.AbstractSince the late 1990s, the Ecuador has renewed its defense policy. In overcoming the conflict with Peru, the defense sector included combating ‘new threats’ as a way of combating the various outbreaks of violence from the global and regional scene. This work aims to analyze the impact of new threats on the formulation of Ecuador's defense policy between the period 2002 and 2018. For this purpose, official documents such as the White Papers of Defense (2002, 2006, 2018) and the Political Defense Agendas (2011, 2014-2017) will be analyzed, general milestones of Ecuadorian defense policy.Keywords: Ecuador; defense policy; new threats.
Los Límites Del Progresismo: La Política Exterior De Argentina Y México Hacia América Latina
Authors: De Oliveira Pereira Matheus , Franzoni Marcela
Published: June 2020

La elección de Alberto Fernández generó expectativas de una reanudación de las agendas de política exterior que caracterizan el período de la "marea rosa" en América Latina. Desde este punto de vista, Argentina y México actuarían como el eje de un bloque progresista que organiza la resistencia a las agendas de la derecha y propone una reanudación de los mecanismos de cooperación creados en la primera década del siglo XXI. El artículo argumenta que la posibilidad de una política exterior progresista, aunque existente, debe ponerse en perspectiva debido a los desafíos que enfrentan ambos gobiernos. En particular, la situación económica en Argentina y México puede actuar como un obstáculo para iniciativas más vigorosas en política exterior para América Latina.Palabras-clave: América Latina; Argentina; México.RESUMOA eleição de Alberto Fernández gerou expectativas de uma retomada das agendas de política externa que caracterizam o período da "maré rosa" na América Latina. Desse ponto de vista, Argentina e México atuariam como o eixo de um bloco progressista que organiza a resistência às agendas de direita e propõe a retomada dos mecanismos de cooperação criados na primeira década do século XXI. O artigo argumenta que a possibilidade de uma política externa progressiva, embora exista, deve ser posta em perspectiva devido aos desafios enfrentados pelos dois governos. Em particular, a situação econômica na Argentina e no México pode ser um obstáculo para iniciativas mais vigorosas em política externa para a América Latina.Palavras-Chave: América Latina; Argentina; México.
Do Pragmatismo Ao Universalismo: A Mudança De Estratégia Da Política Externa Brasileira Para A América Latina No Governo Figueiredo (1979-1985)
Authors: Morais Pinto da Silva Nathan , Vicente Costa Silva Álvaro
Published: June 2020

Este artigo busca identificar e qualificar as mudanças da política externa brasileira para a América Latina no governo de João Figueiredo (1979-1985) em relação ao governo de Ernesto Geisel (1974-1979). O artigo é baseado no modelo proposto por Charles Hermann para mudanças em política externa. Serão considerados os quatro níveis graduados de mudança – ajuste, programa, objetivo e orientação internacional – e as quatro fontes de mudança – guiada pelo líder, burocracia, reestruturação doméstica, e choques externos – propostos pelo autor. Testaremos o modelo a partir de uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre as linhas gerais e específicas da política “universalista”. Os dados indicam que ocorreu uma mudança de ajuste nas linhas gerais da política externa, mas, nas relações com a América Latina, houve uma mudança de objetivo. Argumenta-se também que tais mudanças foram impulsionadas pelo processo de redemocratização e gradual substituição do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico; além do impacto de choques externos.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; Mudanças em Política Externa; Governo Figueiredo. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to identify and qualify the changes that occurred in the Brazilian Foreign Policy in João Figueiredo’s presidency (1979-1985) in comparison to Ernesto Geisel’s tenure as president (1979-1985).  Our analysis is based upon Charles Hermann’s framework to analyze changes in foreign policy.  We consider his four graduated levels of change – adjustment, program, problem/goal, and international orientation – and his four sources of change – leader driven, bureaucratic advocacy, domestic restructuring, and external shocks. We test his framework through a literature revision about the “universalismo” general and specific lines. Our analysis points to adjustment changes in the foreign policy’s general lines, but objective changes towards Latin America. We also argue that the sources of such changes were twofold: the domestic re-democratization process and the gradual replacement of the national economic development strategy; and external shocks impact.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; changes in foreign policy; Figueiredo government.
Developing and sustaining nurses' service improvement capability: a phenomenological study
Authors: Craig Lynn , Machin Alison
Published: June 2020

Background:

Service improvement to enhance care quality is a key nursing responsibility and developing sustainable skills and knowledge to become confident, capable service improvement practitioners is important for nurses in order to continually improve practice. How this happens is an under-researched area.

Aim:

A hermeneutic, longitudinal study in Northern England aimed to better understand the service improvement lived experiences of participants as they progressed from undergraduate adult nursing students to registrants.

Method:

Twenty year 3 student adult nurses were purposively selected to participate in individual semi-structured interviews just prior to graduation and up to 12 months post-registration. Hermeneutic circle data analysis were used.

Findings:

Themes identified were service improvement learning in nursing; socialisation in nursing practice; power and powerlessness in the clinical setting; and overcoming service improvement challenges. At the end of the study, participants developed seven positive adaptive behaviours to support their service improvement practice and the ‘model of self-efficacy in service improvement enablement’ was developed.

Conclusion:

This study provides a model to enable student and registered nurses to develop and sustain service improvement capability.
A guide to the NMC emergency standards for nurse education during the current deployment of student nurses
Authors: Leigh Jacqueline , Bulpitt Sam , Dunn Joanna , Fletcher Julie , Heggs Karen , Hopley Teresa , Le Blanc Carol , Sigley Heather
Published: June 2020

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) recognises the important contribution that nursing students are making to the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reports on the Greater Manchester Supervision and Delegation Framework, providing practical guidance for students and practice staff (practice supervisor/practice assessor and registered nurse) on how to support student nurses who have opted into a paid (deployed) healthcare role. The framework operationalises NMC emergency standards for Nursing and Midwifery education, enabling students to complete their pre-registration undergraduate or postgraduate nursing programme while also supporting the healthcare workforce ( NMC, 2020 ).
The quest to find an effective vaccine for COVID-19
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: June 2020

Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, delves into history and discusses the international quest to develop an effective vaccine to tackle COVID-19
Phytochemical screening and biological activities of pakoba (Syzygium luzonense) stem bark ethanol extract
Authors: Walean Mario , ROSTINA MELPIN  , MERVINA RONDONUWU  , KINZIE FELICIANO PINONTOAN  , Maliangkay Hendra Pratama , MELI ASTRIANI
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Walean M, Melpin R, Rondonuwu M, Pinontoan KF, Maliangkay HP, Astriani M. 2020. Phytochemical screening and biological activities of pakoba (Syzygium luzonense) stem bark ethanol extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2377-2382. Pakoba (Syzygium luzonense (Merr.) Merr) as an endemic and ethnomedical plant of North Sulawesi was investigated for its phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The presence of phytochemicals constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and antihyperglycemic of pakoba stem bark ethanolic extract (PSBEE) were also investigated. Pakoba stem bark was extracted using ethanol. The extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the Kirby Bauer method, whereas antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats investigation was used to determine the antihyperglycemic activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed that tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids were present in PSBEE. PSBEE has potent antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index = 1.02. PSBEE significantly reduced the blood sugar of hyperglycemic rats with an optimum dose of 300 mg/kgbw. In this study, PSBEE has weak antibacterial activity against in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
The very low genetic variability on Aceh Tamiang’s (Indonesia) population of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) inferred by cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) and D-loop (control region)
Authors: JOKO GUNTORO  , WIRDATETI  , RIYANTO AWAL
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Guntoro J, Wirdateti, Riyanto A. 2020. The very low genetic variability on Aceh Tamiang’s (Indonesia) population of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) inferred by cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) and D-loop (control region). Biodiversitas 21: 2514-2520. Populations of Batagur borneoensis have been rapidly decreasing due to the harvesting of adults and eggs for food and the construction of beachfront property causing the loss of nesting areas. By the new Indonesian regulation, since 2018 this turtle listed in the protected animal. Meanwhile, IUCN placed as critically endangered which indicating a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future (www.iucnredlist.org). We used cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and control region D-loop region to investigate intraspecific variations on Aceh Tamiang’s population of painted terrapin, Batagur borneoensis. DNA material was gathered from saliva collected from 90 juveniles in the reaching facility of Sukacita Lestari Indonesia Foundation which hatched from eggs collected from December 2015 to April 2016 from 30 nests on beach area at Aceh Tamiang. The population showed very low genetic variability (haplotype diversity, Hd = 0.457 based on COI and 0.405 based on D-loop; nucleotide diversity, π = 0.00089 based on COI and 0.00076 based on D-loop). So, we suggested that further study such as more exploration to find new wild populations and genetic study across wild populations should be done to reveal genetic variability and genetic structure which important to decide the conservation strategy. At the time for Aceh Tamiang's population, the ranching conservation program should be maintained at least to keep the successful hatchling from hunters and natural predators both during eggs laying and hatching.
Drought-induced production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants activity of four local upland rice cultivars in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ruslan Boy  , Didik Indradewa  , Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra  , Budiastuti Kurniasih
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Boy R, Indradewa D, Putra ETS, Kurniasih B. 2020. Drought-induced production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants activity of four local upland rice cultivars in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2555-2565. Drought can be the most severe threat to the production of crop in the world. This water deficit condition may cause a considerable decrease in yield grain of upland rice. Present study was conducted to figure out the level of ROS production and antioxidant activity on upland rice cultivars under drought stress. The experiment was performed using randomized completely block design with two factors, i.e. four cultivars of upland rice (Habo, Hiwanggu, Sunggul, and Lambara) and watering interval (once in one, two, four and eight days). The results showed that there was interaction between cultivars and watering intervals. Drought tolerant cultivars of Habo and Sunggul had higher activities of SOD, POD, AAred as well as α-Toch with lower content on free radicals of O2- and H2O2; whereas non-drought tolerant cultivars of Hiwanggu and Lambara exhibited higher production of O2- and H2O2 and lower level of SOD, POD, AAred as well as α-Toch. It could be concluded that the optimum soil moisture affecting maximum activities of SOD, POD, AAred as well as α-Toch and minimum content of O2- and H2O2 was around 15.88-27.56% in range which was equal to 50.88-87.38% of field capacity.
Family structure of F5 soybeans lines derived from soybean varieties with the main differences on seed size and maturity traits
Authors: Kuswantoro Heru , RINA ARTARI  , RUDI ISWANTO  , HILYATUL IMANI
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Kuswantoro H, Artari R, Iswanto R, Imani H. 2020. Family structure of F5 soybeans lines derived from soybean varieties with the main differences in seed size and maturity traits. Biodiversitas 21: 2576-2585. The success of breeding programs depends on the availability of genetic resources with high genetic diversity. Genetic diversity plays a role in relationship between genotypes or within a group of genotypes. Seed size and the days to maturity are the main traits to develop a new superior variety for better seed quality and quantity. The plant materials consisted of eight F5 families originating from a combination of crossbreeding between four Korean soybean varieties (Daehwang, Daemang, Daewon, and Songhak) and two Indonesian soybean varieties (Argomulyo and Lawit). The main traits of four Korean soybean varieties are similar to each other, i.e. large seed size and early maturity. The two Indonesian soybean varieties differ on seed size and maturity. Argomulyo has a large seed size and early maturity, while Lawit has a small seed size and late maturity. Agronomic data, such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, days to harvesting, plant height, number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of filled pods, number of unfilled pods, seed yield per plant, 100 seeds weight, and seed yield per plot, were analyzed using R programs to form the groups. The grouping was based on principal component analysis. The results showed that the family structure of a cross was determined by the characteristics of the crossed genotypes. The family structures with Argomulyo as male parents were more influenced by 100 seeds weight, while the family structures with Lawit as male parents were more influenced by days to maturity. No family structure was formed with a large seed size on crossing with Lawit as the male parent. In this population, high seed yield as the main target of plant breeding was obtained on crossing of Daemang with Lawit.
Ethnozoology of the ritual and magic of the To Bada Ethnic Group in the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Yuniati Eny , SERAFINAH INDRIYANI  , JATI BATORO  , Y. PURWANTO
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Yuniati E, Indriyani S, Batoro J, Purwanto Y. 2020. Ethnozoology of the ritual and magic of the To Bada Ethnic Group in the Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2645-2653. The To Bada are a traditional ethnic group or community that lives in the Bada valley in the Lore Lindu biosphere reserve. In some spheres, the Bada people still maintain traditional values and principles. This study aims to identify the animals used in rituals, magical and traditional activities among the Bada people, to investigate the ethnozoological perceptions and conceptions that are influenced by social and cultural factors, and to determine animal conservation status. The research method used was a participatory exploration survey with in-depth, open-ended, and semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrate that animal parts used in rituals and various traditions include eggs, heads, horns, blood, flesh, and the whole body. In addition, some body parts and product animals are believed to have magical value, such as fur, sound, and the whole body. The animals used most in rituals are the buffalo, cow, pig, free-range chicken, and partridge. Animals that have magical value are birds and mammals.
The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves and rhizospheres of rice implementing integrated pest management
Authors: Afandhi Aminudin , Pertiwi Elyka Putri , Purba Dicky Prejeki , Widjayanti Tita , Leksono Amin Setyo
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Afandhi A, Pertiwi EP, Purba DP, Widjayanti T, Leksono AS. 2020. The diversity of entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves and rhizospheres of rice implementing integrated pest management. Biodiversitas 21: 2690-2695. Rice is an important food source for most of the world’s population. However, its production often faces pest and disease problems. This study aimed to determine the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from the leaves and rhizospheres of rice plants, implementing applied integrated pest management (IPM), and to test the pathogenicity of insect fungi species against Spodoptera litura and Tenebrio molitor larvae collection. Entomopathogenic fungi were collected from the leaves and rhizospheres of two rice fields: a field in which IPM is implemented and a conventional field. A total of 24 species were collected from the leaves and rhizospheres in three locations. Pathogenicity test against S. litura larvae was conducted using the Beauveria sp. isolate, whereas pathogenicity test against T. molitor was conducted using the other isolates. Paddy fields in which IPM has been implemented have higher diversity and species richness compared with a conventional field. Location 1 (3 years of IPM implementation) has the highest diversity (2.04 of leaf collection and 1.65 of rhizosphere collection), location 2 has the lowest fungi diversity collected from rhizosphere, whereas location 3 (conventional implementation) has the lowest diversity of leaf collection (1.68). Laboratory testing of Beauveria spp. against S. litura revealed that all species were effective for pest control. Entomopathogenic fungi collected from leaves (Paecilomyces sp.) increased T. molitor mortality by 60%, whereas those isolated from rhizospheres had no effective control of the pest.
Determining relevant petiole anatomy characters to delimit Eupolypods I families
Authors: JEANETTE MARA P. TAN  , INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tan JMP, Buot Jr. IE. 2020. Determining relevant petiole anatomy characters to delimit Eupolypods I families. Biodiversitas 21: 2721-2726. The delineation of the families under eupolypods I has been quite challenging. With that, characters that are stable and taxonomically significant are necessary. The study attempted to use petiole anatomy characters to study the taxonomy of the eupolypods I families. Fresh eupolypods I representatives were collected from the field and were fixed with formalin-acetic acid alcohol (FAA). The petioles were cut and processed into permanent mounts using alcohol dehydration series and following standard microtechnique protocols. The petiole anatomy characters of the 21 representative species of eupolypods I were first studied of their stability and subjected to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine the most taxonomically relevant character. The MCA biplot showed that four petiole anatomy characters were useful to describe and delineate families of eupolypods I. These petiole anatomy characters included, xylem shape, vascular bundle shape, and number of vascular bundles.
Una inscripción con litterae aureae en Alcalá la Vieja (Alcalá de Henares, Madrid)
Authors: Vicent Ramírez Noelia
Published: June 2020

En la intervención arqueológica de 2018, apareció una inscripción romana con cavidades para litterrae aureae en el yacimiento de Alcalá la Vieja (Alcalá de Henares). La técnica empleada y el tamaño de las letras permite constatar la importancia que tuvo el enclave en época romana.
Evaluation of some food additives and heavy metals in Egyptian meat products
Authors: Maky Mohamed Abdelfattah , Abd-ElRasoul Mohamed A. A. , Salah Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim: Contamination of processed meat by chemicals, either by their addition for enhancing the product quality or as a result of contamination during the manufacturing process, is a crucial food safety issue that threatens human health. This research was conducted to estimate the contamination levels by harmful chemical contaminants, including nitrite, lead, cadmium, and phosphate in the Egyptian processed meats. Materials and Methods: In our study, 20 samples of each frozen sausage, pastirma, and luncheon were collected and prepared for the detection of chemical contaminants, including nitrite, lead, cadmium, phosphorus, and phosphate. Results: Pastirma showed the highest nitrite and lead levels (163.65±22.633 and 0.805±0.173 ppm) and the lowest levels in phosphorus and phosphate (2.294±0.19 and 9.084±0.755 g/kg) whereas sausage recorded the highest concentration of cadmium (0.073±0.008 ppm), phosphorus and phosphate (13.268±1.129 and 52.54±4.472 g/kg, respectively). However, the estimation of nitrite, lead, cadmium, and phosphate levels in sausage, pastirma, and luncheon was considered within the acceptable daily intake. Moreover, target hazard quotient and hazard index of all analyzed chemical contaminants in different processed meat were below one, indicating the safety of these meat products without any danger to human health. The probability of developing cancer was measured using carcinogenic risk (CR) where pastirma and luncheon recorded satisfactory levels away from developing cancer because of lead (4.59E-04 and 1.87E-04, respectively) and cadmium (7.60E-04 and 3.80E-04, respectively) contamination. Surprisingly, the cadmium level in sausage samples represented a relevant CR for consumers (1.90E-03). Conclusion: Periodical surveillance of meat chemical contaminants is a vital issue for human health maintenance.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 10TH ECONOMIC POLICY PACKAGE RELATED SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Gratianus Prikasetya , Gumay Panji Satria
Published: June 2020

Small Medium Enterprises company is one of the most popular business entities today. The popularity is cannot be separated from the spirit of entrepreneurship with young creative mindset that become mainstream in daily life. In relevancy with that, The Government of Republic Indonesia enacted Government Regulation No 29 Year 2016 to simplify the establishment process of Small Medium Enterprises legal entity. In practice area, the enactment of that regulation cannot be implemented well because there are some miss connections in regulations structure of Indonesia. In order to solve the problem, this research uses the normative research methodology that possible to answer by describing and explaining the facts with the applied regulation. The theory of limited liability company based on Indonesian Law such as Law No 40 Year 2007 was also applied in this research as a tool to analyse and solve the problem related that issue.
PRODUKTIVITAS DAN DEPRESI DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DATA INDONESIA FAMILY LIFE SURVEY 2014
Authors: Khairunisa Nabilla Salma , Safitri Diana Rizky , Angelia Danisha , Taufan Mohammad , Sihaloho Estro Dariatno
Published: June 2020

Depresi merupakan bagian dari kesehatan mental. Depresi diakibatkan karena perubahan pemikiran kognitif individu yang menyebabkan perubahan pada emosional. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Jiwa Indonesia (PDSKJI) menyampaikan bahwa pada tahun 2019, terdapat 15.6 Juta penduduk Indonesia yang mengalami depresi. Penelitian ini ingin melihat faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi depresi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesia dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian ordered probit regression dengan software STATA. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa factor yang mendorong terjadinya depresi di Indonesia adalah produktivitas, jenis kelamin, pertambahan umur dan lama tidur. Sedangkan faktor yang menurunkan resiko depresi adalah religiusitas, status pernikahan, dan lama sekolah.
A Student-Teacher Relationship Scale mérőeszköz adaptációja és struktúrájának faktoranalitikus vizsgálata
Authors: Huszka Noémi , Kinyó László
Published: June 2020

A gyermekkorban kialakuló kötődési kapcsolatok lényegesen meghatározzák az egyén későbbi szociális viselkedését. A gyermek szociális kapcsolatainak alakulásában nagy változásokat eredményez az iskolába járás megkezdése (Vajda, 1997). A gyermekek alapvető biztonságszükségletére vonatkozóan Brent (2010) a szülői támogatás mellett a pedagógus támogatásának jelentőségét hangsúlyozza. Az utóbbi évtizedben számos kutatás központi témájává vált a diák-pedagógus kapcsolatának vizsgálata, amelynek mérésére gyakran a Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS, Pianta, 2001) kérdőívet alkalmazzák. Európa több, esetenként igen jelentős szociális, kulturális és oktatási különbségekkel rendelkező országában megvizsgálták már a mérőeszköz alkalmazhatóságát (például Görögországban, Hollandiában). Jelen tanulmány az STRS-kérdőív magyar nyelvű változatának megbízhatóságát, érvényességét és alkalmazhatóságát mutatja be. A kutatás során 183 tanulóra vonatkozóan 14, magyarországi és vajdasági általános iskola alsó tagozatain tanító pedagógus töltötte ki az STRS kérdőívet. A feltáró faktorelemzések kimutatták, hogy megfelelő és elfogadható faktorstruktúra a mérőeszköz öt tételének elhagyásával érhető el. Öt kérdőívtétel mellőzésével a mérőeszköz reliabilitása (α=0,82) megfelelőnek bizonyul, és az elméleti modellben azonosított három alskála mindegyike (konfliktus, közelség és függőség) megbízható. Eredményeink alapján az STRS magyar oktatási környezetben is megfelelő eszköznek bizonyul a tanuló-pedagógus kapcsolatának vizsgálatában.
Hubungan Jumlah Trombosit dengan Manifestasi Perdarahan pada Pasien Infeksi Virus Dengue Anak yang Dirawat di Beberapa Rumah Sakit di Bandung Tahun 2015
Authors: Khairunnisa Rana , Adrizain Riyadi , Rinawan Fedri R
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Trombositopenia merupakan salah satu kriteria diagnosis klinis infeksi virus dengue (IVD), perlu yang lengkap sebelum singkatan digunakan Pada kondisi trombositopenia, fungsi trombosit pada hemostasis terganggu dan hal ini dapat menyebabkan integritas vaskular berkurang yang mengarah pada terjadinya perembesan plasma/perdarahan. Perdarahan umum ditemukan pada IVD dan merupakan salah satu tanda bahaya yang harus diwaspadai. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah trombosit dan manifestasi perdarahan pada pasien IVD anak.Metode. Penelitian potong-lintang dengan data sekunder rekam medis pasien IVD anak yang dirawat di tujuh rumah sakit di Bandung periode Januari–Desember 2015. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jenis kelamin, usia saat terdiagnosis IVD, diagnosis IVD, jumlah trombosit saat dirawat inap, dan manifestasi perdarahan. Analisis data menggunakan Fisher-exact test pada program komputer SPSS 25.0. Penelitian ini telah mengantongi izin etik oleh Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran No. 1383/UN6.KEP/EC/2019.Hasil. Jumlah pasien paling banyak berada pada kelompok usia >5–10 tahun (43,75%) dan didiagnosis DHF (50,83%). Jumlah pasien laki-laki (50%) sama dengan jumlah pasien perempuan (50%). Sebagian besar pasien (75,83%) mengalami trombositopenia (jumlah trombosit terendah ≤ 100.000 sel/mm3). Sebagian besar pasien mengalami perdarahan spontan sedang (93,33%) dengan epistaksis sebagai manifestasi perdarahan terbanyak (87,91%). Nilai signifikansi yang didapatkan dari analisis data adalah p=0,57 (p>0,05).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jumlah trombosit dan manifestasi perdarahan pada pasien IVD anak.
Profil Hemodinamik Anak dengan Sindrom Syok Dengue Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor
Authors: Suparyatha Ida Bagus Gede , Sinardja Siska Permanasari , Hartawan I Nyoman Budi , Gustawan I Wayan , Wati Dyah Kanya , Lingga Utama I Made Gede Dwi
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Pemantauan hemodinamik secara klinis masih merupakan tantangan klinisi dalam menangani kasus Sindrom syok dengue (SSD) anak. Pengukuran parameter hemodinamik dengan USCOM dapat menilai fungsi jantung dan status hemodinamik secara kuantitatif dan real-time, dengan harapan intervensi adekuat dapat diberikan untuk mengurangi morbiditas.Tujuan. Mengetahui profil hemodinamik secara kuantitatif pada anak dengan SSD.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan pilot study pada tahun 2016 dengan mengukur parameter hemodinamik menggunakan USCOM. Pengukuran dilakukan saat awal terdiagnosis SSD selama perawatan di RSUP Sanglah. Hasil. Hasil USCOM pada 69 subjek menunjukkan rerata cardiac index, systemic vascular index, kontraktilitas jantung, dan tingkat perfusi yang rendah, yaitu 3,03 (±1,06) L/min/m2, 27,4 (±9,7) ml/m2, 0,92 (±0,27) m/s, 474 (±188) ml/min, dengan rerata afterload yang sangat tinggi, yaitu 2.409 (±950) ds cm-5m2.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hasil USCOM serupa pada SSD kompensata maupun dekompensata, dengan luaran syok hipodinamik. Kewaspadaan tentang komplikasi yang akan terjadi pada tiap kasus SSD dapat membantu klinisi untuk mencapai luaran yang lebih baik.
Pengaruh size dan beta terhadap return pada perusahaan kecil dan besar yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2014
Authors: Nur Hidayat Y.S. Soefian , Hasnawati Sri , Hendrawaty Ernie
Published: June 2020

This study aims to empirically prove the effect of size and beta on returns. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and statistical analysis methods. This research was conducted in the period 2010-2014 with a sample of 953 public companies. The results of the study stated that the effect of size on stock returns in small companies is stronger than large companies. The effect of beta on stock returns is higher in small companies than in large companies. Based on these findings, large companies must be able to improve their performance so that they are able to increase stock returns so investors are interested in investing.
Pengaruh citra merek, kepercayaan merek, dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap loyalitas merek sepatu NIKE di Surabaya
Authors: Pamungkas Rollaz Dodo
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to test the effect of the brand image, brand trust, and customer satisfaction on brand loyalty NIKE shoes in Surabaya. This quantitative study used SPSS version 16.00 for the data analysis, with the population of Nike shoes in Surabaya. The data were collected using questionnaires towards 80 respondents. They were selected based on the method of purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was also for analyzing the data. The results showed that (1) there is a significant difference between the variables of brand image on brand loyalty Nike shoes in Surabaya, (2) there is also a significant difference between the variables of confidence in the brand to brand loyalty Nike shoes in Surabaya (3) a significant difference between the variables customer satisfaction on brand loyalty Nike shoes in Surabaya.
Pengaruh literasi keuangan, financial capital, kebijakan pemerintah terhadap kinerja usaha pada usaha kecil dan menengah di Jawa Timur
Authors: Pramestiningrum Dyah Regita , Iramani Iramani
Published: June 2020

SMEs contribute greatly to economic growth in Indonesia, SMEs are able to produce GDP up to 59.08% (Bank Indonesia dan LPPI, 2015). The purpose of this study to determine the effect of financial literacy of SME managers, financial capital of SME and government policies on SME’s business performance. Total samples in this study are 177 SMEs. The sample data of this study are primary data in the metropolitan cluster in East Java which includes Surabaya, Gresik, Sidoarjo and Mojokerto. The results of this study indicate that the ability of SMEs managers about debt literacy has significantly and negative effect to business performance, the ability of SMEs managers about book keeping literacy and budgeting literacy have significantly and positive effect to business perfomance. Financial capital has significantly and positive effect to business performance and government policy in SMEs metropolitan cluster has no affect on the SMEs business performance.
Pengaruh pendapatan, pengalaman keuangan dan pengetahuan keuangan terhadap perilaku keuangan keluarga di kota Madiun
Authors: Brilianti Tirani Rahma , Lutfi Lutfi
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of income, financial experience and financial knowledge on financial behavior. The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling and convenience sampling. The sample in this study were family’s who had lived at least a year in Madiun and had jobs. There were 162 respondents taken using a questionnaire through the survey method. This study uses Multiple Regression Analysis as a data analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that financial experience and financial knowledge have a significant positive effect on financial behavior. There is differences in financial behavior based on income level, the higher the income, the better financial behavior.
Bank syariah: peran sosial dalam kerangka maqashid syariah dan profitabilitas di negara Qatar dan Indonesia
Authors: Sari Kartika Tika
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine the role of social Islamic bank and the Islamic bank's business objectives are gaining profit. Islamic banks are tied to sharia principles and carry on social roles in the concept of Sharia Maqashid in conducting its business.The social role is to carry out social values such as education, justice and social welfare. The method used to determine the social role of Sharia banks is by measuring Maqashid Index Syariah Index (MSI) while the profitability is known using the comparative Performance index method on seven Islamic banks spread across The country of Qatar and Indonesia in 2010-2017.To know both social roles and profitability using Quadrant Analysis Measurememnt (QAM).The results showed that of the seven Islamic banks spread across the country of Qatar and Indonesia, Only three Islamic banks are good for the profitability of the Bank, there are Qatar International Islamic Bank, Qatar Islamic Bank and Bank Syariah and Mandiri. But the achievement of the social role of the three Islamic banks is not good so that in the the Upper Left Quadrant (ULQ). Meanwhile, four other sharia namely Barwa, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Syariah National Bank and Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah do not well achieve the social role and profitability so that in the Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ).
Peran intellectual capital terhadap market to book value dan return on assets dengan research and development sebagai pemoderasi
Authors: Baskoro Pandu Alvi , Suratno Suratno , Djaddang Syahril
Published: June 2020

This study aims to support the role of Research and Development on Intellectual Capital on market value (MtBV) and corporate financial performance (ROA).  Using the Pulic model - Intellectual Value Coefficient (VAIC), this study examines the relationship between value added (VAIC) of the three main corporate resources (ie Physical Capital, Human Capital and Structural Capital), the company's market value (MtBV) and corporate finance ( ROA), and also Research and Development (R&D).  The data is gathered from 43 selected banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017.  Data analysis uses multiple regression.  The results show that Intellectual Capital (VAIC) does not affect to market value (MtBV), but the compilation of Intellectual Capital (VAIC) developed by Research and Development (R&D) as full moderation can support market value.  Intellectual Capital (VAIC) affects financial performance (ROA), as well as Intellectual Capital (VAIC) supported by Research and Development (R & D) as a quasi-moderation which also strengthening the financial performance (ROA).Keyword : Intellectual Capital (IC), Market to Book Value (MtBV), Financial Performance (ROA), Research and Development (R&D).
Kontribusi harga dan kepercayaan konsumen untuk membentuk kepuasan pengguna transportasi berbasis aplikasi
Authors: Sudirman Acai , Efendi Efendi , Harini Sri
Published: June 2020

The rapid growth of internet usage has affected several sectors of human life, not least in the transportation sector. The implications of mobilizing the use of application-based transportation (GoJek) are now a trend among people to travel from one place to another. This condition illustrates that the intensity of the use of application-based transportation will have implications for the level of user satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of price and consumer confidence to consumer satisfaction of users on the basis of application transportation. This research uses a case study model by involving students in one of the tertiary institutions in Pematang-siantar City. The number of samples in this study were 322 students obtained through non-probability sampling techniques with a purposive sampling method. Data collection uses an online questionnaire that is distributed to all samples in the form of a link (URL). Data analysis uses SEM test models consisting of measurement models and structural models. The results of research and hypothesis testing explain that price has a significant effect on user satisfaction of application-based applications. Furthermore, consumer confidence has a significant influence on user satisfaction based on application applications.