bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with inoculant and microelements for yield and quality in the conditions of south-east of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabylbekova Gaukhar , Didorenko Svetlana , Kassenov Rinat , Dalibaeva Almagul , Alikulov Zerekbai
Published: February 2024

Soybean is a high-protein and at the same time an oilseed crop. Its cultivation brings profit from the sale of seeds and enriches the soil through the activity of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a nitrogen-fixing preparation (HiStick© inoculant) in combination with molybdenum and cobalt salts was evaluated at field level from 2019 to 2021 in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The profitability of the crop could be increased by the use of pre-sowing treatment with these micronutrients which are involved in the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The most indicative characteristics for assessing the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment are the accumulation of protein and oil per hectare, since grain yield increased with pre-sowing treatment without changing quality characteristics (expressed as concentrations). Our research showed an increase in protein yield per hectare with pre-sowing treatment. When seeds of the early ripening Ivushka variety were treated with molybdenum and cobalt without HiStick©, protein yield per hectare increased by 8%. When using the HiStick© preparation together with microelements, the protein yield increased by 4.8%, 8.7% and 12.8% for Zhansaya, Lastochka (late-maturing) and Birlik CV varieties respectively. The increase in oil yield after pre-sowing seed treatment for the early-ripening Ivushka variety was 8.8% (complete treatment) and 6.8% for the late-ripening Lastochka variety (with micronutrients only). Therefore the increase of grain protein and oil yields improves the profitability of this crop for a range of soybean varieties.
Assessing optical radiation exposure to opaque incandescent materials by picture analysis – Part 1: from pixel color to radiance
Authors: Deniel JM.
Published: February 2024

In industrial processes, working on incandescent materials exposes workers to optical radiations that can lead to cataract. In the case where risk cannot be appraised using software simulation, it is necessary to measure visible and near infrared irradiance at the eye of the worker. Since radiometers and spectroradiometers are too expensive for most people in charge of safety at work, a novel method is proposed that assesses irradiance using a photograph taken by smartphone, for example. It consists in summing the irradiance corresponding to each pixel representing the opaque incandescent materials in the picture. Pixel irradiance is assessed from the radiance of the colored body whose temperature and emissivity correspond to the pixel color, weighted by the geometric configuration associated with the pixel in the camera perspective. This virtually free method is accurate enough to assess cataract risk, thereby helping employers to choose an efficient means of protecting workers. In this paper, we present the first principle of the method proposed: temperature and emissivity estimation of incandescent materials.
Spezifische Hamstrings-Reha nach VKB-Operation: ein Fallbeispiel aus dem Skicross
Authors: Spiess Jonas , Seiler Jan
Published: February 2024

Alex Marro hatte sich im Dezember 2021 bei einem Wettkampf schwer am Knie verletzt – sein vorderes Kreuzband war gerissen. Jonas Spiess und Jan Seiler beschreiben, wie sie Alex wieder fit für den Wettkampf gemacht haben, und erklären, warum eine spezifische Rehabilitation der Hamstrings besonders wichtig ist.
Systemtherapie des Peniskarzinoms – neue Konzepte? Neue Erfolge?
Authors: Hakenberg Oliver , Dräger Desiree Louise
Published: February 2024

Die systemische Chemotherapie wird seit Jahren mit beim metastasierten Peniskarzinom angewandt, jedoch nur mit begrenztem Erfolg. Ihre Bedeutung liegt überwiegend im Rahmen der multimodalen Therapie bei lymphogener Metastasierung in Zusammenhang mit radikaler Lymphknotenchirurgie. Bei begrenztem Lymphknotenbefall kann die Kombination von operativer Therapie mit cisplatin- und taxanhaltigen Dreifachkombinationen kurativ sein.

Fortschritte im Verständnis der molekularen Veränderungen beim Peniskarzinom und die Suche nach potenziellen Therapietargets haben zur Auflegung zahlreicher Studien geführt. Trotz Hinweisen auf die Wirksamkeit von Immuntherapeutika haben sich bislang jedoch keine wesentlichen therapeutischen Verbesserungen für die klinische Praxis ergeben.
„Zellpiraten“ im Darm – Virusinfektionen des Gastrointestinaltraktes
Authors: Rüffer Andreas , Eckert Michaela
Published: February 2024

Zu den wichtigsten Magen-Darm-Infektionen verursachenden Viren zählen die Adeno-, Astro-, Noro-, Rota- und Sapoviren. Sie verursachen einen Brechdurchfall, der in den meisten Fällen selbstlimitierend ist. Die Therapie bei einem viralen Magen-Darm-Infekt ist nur symptomatisch möglich. Im Fokus steht hierbei insbesondere der Flüssigkeits- und Elektrolytersatz. Laut aktueller Leitlinie werden Probiotika zur Behandlung infektiöser Gastroenteritiden nicht empfohlen. In Hinblick auf die Bedeutung der Darmmikrobiota für den Verlauf von Virusinfektionen erscheint eine zumindest unterstützende probiotische Therapie durchaus sinnvoll. Pflanzliche bzw. mineralische Antidiarrhoika wie Uzara, Apfelpulver, Tannin, Kohle, Heilerde oder Myrrhe werden in der aktuellen Leitlinie aufgrund fehlender kontrollierter Studien nicht empfohlen, können aber durchaus hilfreich sein.
Synthesis of Alkyl Thiochromano[2,3-c]pyrrole-9-carboxylate Derivatives Utilizing Benzo[b]thiofuran-2,3-dione, Maleimides, and Alkyl Alcohol/Water Mixtures
Authors: Zahra Jalal A. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Abadleh Mohammed M. , Sabri Salim S. , Abuzaid Rania R. , Schollmeyer Dieter
Published: February 2024

A set of thiochromano[2,3-c]pyrrolidine-1,3-diones, incorporating α-hydroxy esters and their acids at the C-9 position, was prepared via direct interaction involving benzo[b]thiofuran-2,3-diones, maleimides, and alkyl alcohols in water at 90 °C. Structures of the new products were deduced from HRMS and NMR spectral data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. An insight into a proposed pathway involving a sequential Michael conjugate addition (initiated by the sulfur atom) and an aldol-type reaction is presented.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Important Risk Factors for Gestational Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Rocha Mariana , Daniels Keziah , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Michopoulos Vasiliki
Published: February 2024

Gestational metabolic diseases adversely impact the health of pregnant persons and their offspring. Pregnant persons of color are impacted disproportionately by gestational metabolic disease, highlighting the need to identify additional risk factors contributing to racial-ethnic pregnancy-related health disparities. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with increased risk for cardiometabolic disorders in nonpregnant persons, making them important factors to consider when identifying contributors to gestational metabolic morbidity and mortality health disparities. Here, we review current literature investigating trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder as psychosocial risk factors for gestational metabolic disorders, inclusive of gestational diabetes, low birth weight and fetal growth restriction, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms by which trauma and PTSD may contribute to gestational metabolic disorders. Ultimately, understanding the biological underpinnings of how trauma and PTSD, which disproportionately impact people of color, influence risk for gestational metabolic dysfunction is critical to developing therapeutic interventions that reduce complications arising from gestational metabolic disease.

Key Points
Novel Asymmetric Y Design of Fascial Sling for Restoration of Oral Competence and Adequate Mouth Opening in Oral Commissure Defects Post-Malignancy Resection
Authors: Brajesh Vimalendu , Singh Sukhdeep , Sarin Deepak , Aggarwal Aditya , Mahendru Sanjay , Singh Hardeep , Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

Reconstruction of through-and-through defects of cheek and commissure resulting from cancer resection are challenging. The specialized function of oral competence that the oral commissure and lip play is difficult to replicate with flap only reconstruction. Static slings play an important role in improving the functional and aesthetic outcome. The asymmetric “y” fascial sling helps in achieving the goals of oral competence along with adequate mouth opening. A total of 10 patients were operated by this technique. The results were satisfactory in terms of functional and aesthetic outcome postsurgery and were maintained 6 months postradiation.
Aptis Distal Radioulnar Joint Implant: Management of Remarkable Complications
Authors: Stougie Shirley D. , Kemme Frederique M. , Coert J. Henk , Oonk Joris G. M. , Plugge Lara , Doesburg Margriet H. M. van
Published: February 2024

Background The aim of an Aptis distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) implant is to reconstruct the DRUJ in patients with a destroyed, painful DRUJ, and gross ulnar instability. The literature is scarce regarding the management of (severe) early complications related to the Aptis implant in wrists with more rare conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, congenital malformations, or leiomyosarcoma of the distal ulna.

Purpose This paper describes the clinical results, (severe) early complications related to the implant, revision surgery, patient satisfaction with the revision surgery, and esthetic appearance of the affected wrist in this specific cohort.

Patients and Methods Retrospective evaluation of five consecutive patients with a short-to-medium follow-up time of 32 months (range: 18–53 months) was carried out.

Results The follow-up revealed implant osseointegration failure in two cases, periprosthetic fractures in two cases, and acute carpal tunnel syndrome in one case. Three Aptis DRUJ arthroplasties were converted into a proximal Darrach. In four cases (80%), the patient was satisfied with the revision surgery due to pain reduction. In four cases (80%), the esthetic appearance of the affected wrist was found disappointing.

Conclusion This study describes remarkable complications related to the Aptis implants in wrists with more rare conditions. The implant is more likely to fail in wrists with poor bone stock, remodeling of the radius, deformation, and malformation of the radius. The range of indications for the usage of the implant to maintain wrist function may be strict.

Level of Evidence IV.
Influence of human motion patterns on epidemic spreading dynamics
Authors: Gu Wenbin , Li Wenjie , Gao Feng , Su Sheng , Sun Baolin , Wang Wei
Published: February 2024

Extensive real-data indicate that human motion exhibits novel patterns and has a significant impact on the epidemic spreading process. The research on the influence of human motion patterns on epidemic spreading dynamics still lacks a systematic study in network science. Based on an agent-based model, this paper simulates the spread of the disease in the gathered population by combining the susceptible–infected–susceptible epidemic process with human motion patterns, described by moving speed and gathering preference. Our simulation results show that the emergence of a hysteresis loop is observed in the system when the moving speed is slow, particularly when humans prefer to gather; that is, the epidemic prevalence of the systems depends on the fraction of initial seeds. Regardless of the gathering preference, the hysteresis loop disappears when the population moves fast. In addition, our study demonstrates that there is an optimal moving speed for the gathered population, at which the epidemic prevalence reaches its maximum value.
Finite-time stability of fractional-order nonlinear systems
Authors: Feng Zaiyong , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: February 2024

The paper studies the finite-time stability (FTS) of equilibrium points (EPs) in fractional-order nonlinear systems (FONSs). Classifying the EPs into initial EP and finite-time EP innovatively, equations of the EPs in FONSs are investigated comprehensively, and a unified definition depicting the EPs in the FONSs is proposed. Furthermore, sufficient conditions of the FTS of EPs in FONSs are given. The proposed results are verified with an illustrative example. Thus, different from existing works that declare non-existence of finite-time stable equilibria in FONSs, the existence of finite-time stable EPs in FONSs is confirmed in this paper.
Dynamics analysis of helical gear considering de-meshing and reverse impact with EHL lubrication condition
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zhang Yingxin , Chen Keren , Zheng Yanxiao , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper was to study the evolution and dynamic characteristics of the helical gear system co-existence response considering the occurrence of de-meshing and reverse impact under lubrication conditions. The double-three tooth alternate meshing model of a helical gear was established, and the time-varying geometric parameters, motion parameters, and load distribution of positive meshing and reverse impact were analyzed, respectively. The variation of oil film parameters and the coupling between oil film stiffness and meshing stiffness of a gear system were studied according to the equivalent lubrication model of a helical gear. Considering the phenomenon that the meshing state changed from positive meshing to de-meshing and reverse impact, the dynamics model was established. The global bifurcation diagram, the attraction domain, the phase portrait, and the Poincaré section were used to analyze the evolution of a coexistence response and dynamic characteristics with helical gear system parameters.
Non-professional efferocytosis of Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells in the neonatal host
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Repnik Urska , Diab Nour , Friske Daniel , Pütz Andreas , Bachmann Alina Z. , Gubbi Narasimha Murthy Keshava Prasad , Hensel Michael , Förstner Konrad U. , Westermann Alexander J. , Dupont Aline , Hornef Mathias W.
Published: February 2024

The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against enteric pathogens. Removal of infected cells by exfoliation prevents mucosal translocation and systemic infection in the adult host, but is less commonly observed in the neonatal intestine. Instead, here, we describe non-professional efferocytosis of Salmonella-infected enterocytes by neighboring epithelial cells in the neonatal intestine. Intestinal epithelial stem cell organoid cocultures of neonatal and adult cell monolayers with damaged enterocytes replicated this observation, confirmed the age-dependent ability of intestinal epithelial cells for efferocytosis, and identified the involvement of the “eat-me” signals and adaptors phosphatidylserine and C1q as well as the “eat-me” receptors integrin-αv (CD51) and CD36 in cellular uptake. Consistent with this, massive epithelial cell membrane protrusions and CD36 accumulation at the contact site with apoptotic cells were observed in the infected neonatal host in vivo. Efferocytosis of infected small intestinal enterocytes by neighboring epithelial cells may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism of neonatal antimicrobial host defense to maintain barrier integrity.
Spinor fields, CPTM symmetry and smallness of cosmological constant in framework of extended manifold
Authors: Bondarenko S , La Hoz-Coronell V De
Published: February 2024

A model of an extended manifold for the Dirac spinor field is considered. Two Lagrangians related by charge-parity-time-mass symmetry are constructed for a pair of the Dirac spinor fields with each spinor field defined in a separate manifold. An interaction between the matter fields in the manifolds is introduced through gravity. A fermionic effective action of the general system is constructed and a tadpole one-loop spinor diagram and part of the one-loop vacuum diagrams with two external gravitational off-shell fields which contribute to the effective action are calculated. It is demonstrated that among different versions of the second spinor Lagrangian there is a special one for which a cancellation of the mentioned diagrams in the total effective action takes place. As a result, the diagrams do not contribute to the cosmological constant, as well there is a zero contribution of the zero point energies of the spinor fields to the action. The non-zero leading order value of the cosmological constant for each manifold in the framework is proportional to the trace of an momentum–energy tensor of each separated manifold or difference of the tensors of the related manifolds. The result is depending on the chosen model of interaction of gravitational fields with fermions, the different possibilities are discussed. An appearance of the dark matter in the model is shortly discussed as well as further applications of the approach and it is interconnections with other cosmology models.
A deep learning enhanced inverse scattering framework for microwave imaging of piece-wise homogeneous targets
Authors: Yago Ruiz Álvaro , Nikolic Stevanovic Maria , Cavagnaro Marta , Crocco Lorenzo
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a framework for the solution of inverse scattering problems that integrates traditional imaging methods and deep learning. The goal is to image piece-wise homogeneous targets and it is pursued in three steps. First, raw-data are processed via orthogonality sampling method to obtain a qualitative image of the targets. Then, such an image is fed into a U-Net. In order to take advantage of the implicitly sparse nature of the information to be retrieved, the network is trained to retrieve a map of the spatial gradient of the unknown contrast. Finally, such an augmented shape is turned into a map of the unknown permittivity by means of a simple post-processing. The framework is computationally effective, since all processing steps are performed in real-time. To provide an example of the achievable performance, Fresnel experimental data have been used as a validation.
Propagation properties and stability of dark solitons in weakly interacting Bose–Bose droplets
Authors: Kopyciński Jakub , Tüzemen Buğra , Górecki Wojciech , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Łebek Maciej
Published: February 2024

We investigate dark solitons in two-component Bose systems with competing interactions in one dimension. Such a system hosts a liquid phase stabilized by the beyond-mean field corrections. Using the generalized Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we reveal the presence of two families of solitonic solutions. The solitons in both of them can be engineered to be arbitrarily wide. One family of solutions, however, has an anomalous dispersion relation, and our analyses show one of its branches is unstable. We find a critical velocity that demarcates the stable from unstable solutions. Nonetheless, gray anomalous solitons can exist inside quantum droplets and can be treated as solitonic excitations thereof.
Study of state-selective single-electron capture in slow Ne7+ colliding with He and H2 target
Authors: Zhu X B , Xing D D , Lin K Z , Cui S C , Zhu X L , Gao Y , Guo D L , Zhao D M , Zhang S F , Ma X
Published: February 2024

Using the cold target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy, we measured the state-selective single electron capture in collisions of 3.5–6.3 keV u−1 Ne7+ ions and He and H2. The Q-value spectra and angular distributions as a function of the projectile incident energy were obtained. The results show that the single electron capture into n = 4 states is the dominant reaction channel for the Ne7+-He system, while the capture into n = 4 and n = 5 states both are dominant processes for the Ne7+-H2 system. The molecular coulombic barrier model and the potential energy curves can qualitatively explain the measured state populations for both systems.
Self-bound droplets with uncorrelated disordered potentials
Authors: Abbas Karima , Boudjemâa Abdelâali
Published: February 2024

We investigate the effects of an external random δ-correlated potential on the bulk properties of self-bound droplets in three-dimensional binary Bose–Einstein condensates. The ground-state energy and the quantum fluctuation induced by disorder are computed utilizing the Bogoliubov theory. We provide a comprehensive stability phase-diagram for the resulting dirty droplets. At finite temperature, we calculate the free energy, and the thermal equilibrium density in terms of the disorder parameters. We show that the intriguing interplay of the thermal correction and the disorder may dissolve the droplet.
Analytical model of eddy current bobbin coil probe responses at support plates in steam generator and heat exchanger tubes
Authors: Hawkins Frank , Sullivan Sean P , Krause Thomas W
Published: February 2024

The steam generators (SGs) of CANadian Deuterium Uranium nuclear reactors require periodic inspections to ensure their safe operation. Eddy current (EC) testing is the primary method by which the SG tubes are inspected. Many conditions in the SG tubes affect the EC response, such as fretting, pitting, cracking, as well as tube expansion, and the presence of tubesheet and support structures. When two or more of these parameters overlap, the EC signals from degradation induced wall losses are frequently difficult to interpret because these wall loss signals are often distorted due to interference with background signal variations. In this paper, a novel analytical model that describes the impedance of a bobbin coil with a plate encircling an arbitrary number of cylindrical conductors is developed. The model is validated against finite element method modelling and experiment. This model can be used to simulate the main probe response, while inspecting SG tubes near the tubesheet and support structures and thereby, provides the potential to separate out smaller flaw responses.
1.43 kV GaN-based MIS Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Huang Fuping , Chu Chunshuang , Wang Zhizhong , Tian Kangkai , Gong Hehe , Zhang Yonghui , Li Yongjian , Ye Jiandong , Zhang Zi-Hui
Published: February 2024

In this letter, we report on a quasi–vertical GaN-based metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with an insertion of 2 nm thick Al2O3 dielectric layer. It shows a turn-on voltage of 0.7 V, a specific on-resistance of 3.5 mΩ·cm2, and a high on/off current ratio of 1011. The proposed structure enables a breakdown voltage of 1430 V, rendering a Baliga’s power figure-of-merit of 0.58 GW cm−2. The enhanced performance is attributed to defect-related leakage can be suppressed and the direct tunneling process dominates at the MIS-based Schottky contact interface.
Griffiths-like behavior and magnetocaloric properties of rare-earth silicide Tb2Co0.8Si3.2
Authors: U D Remya , K Arun , S Swathi , S R Athul , Dzubinska Andrea , Reiffers Marian , Ramamoorthi Nagalakshmi
Published: February 2024

Novel rare-earth silicide, Tb2Co0.8Si3.2 compound, crystallizes in Lu2CoGa3 structure, a distorted substitution variant of the AlB2
structure. The compound exhibits a complex magnetic state, with a ferromagnetic transition at 58 K, followed by successive antiferromagnetic transitions at 24 K and 8 K, respectively. Isothermal and magnetic hysteresis studies indicate the prominence of competing antiferro and ferromagnetic interactions in the compound. However, this does not lead to the formation of spin glass behavior, as confirmed by AC magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity studies. In the paramagnetic state, the short-range ferromagnetic ordering of cobalt creates a Griffiths-like anomaly that is suppressed at higher magnetic fields. Investigation of magnetocaloric and magnetoresistance properties identifies the compound as a conventional second-order magnetocaloric material with negative magnetoresistance. Furthermore, the determination of Landau coefficients and subsequent analysis indicate that the isothermal entropy change of the compound can be calculated from these coefficients.
Magnetic properties of ferro-antiferromagnetic spin triangle chain
Authors: Dmitriev D V , Krivnov V Ya
Published: February 2024

Frustrated spin-

1
2

model consisting of a linear chain of triangles with ferro (F)- and antiferromagnetic interactions connected by ferromagnetic interactions (triangles chain) is studied. The ground state phase diagram depending on the interaction ratios consists of ferromagnetic, two ferrimagnetic and singlet phases. The magnetic properties in these phases are analyzed both analytically and numerically. We show that in some regions of the singlet phase the magnetization curves have magnetization plateau and magnetization jumps. We study the thermodynamics and its relation to the specific structure of the excitation spectrum of the triangle chain.
Magnetic anisotropy and ferromagnetic resonance in inhomogeneous demagnetizing fields near edges of thin magnetic films
Authors: Solovev P N , Belyaev B A , Boev N M , Skomorokhov G V , Izotov A V
Published: February 2024

Using local ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we have studied the magnetic properties near edges of thin tangentially magnetized permalloy films, in which a well-defined uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was induced perpendicular to one of the edges. In the experiment, two samples with thicknesses of 90 and 300 nm and with slightly different compositions were examined. To explain the magnetization dynamics near edges, we propose a simple yet effective model of a film in the form of a rectangular prism, which yields the modified Kittel formula for the resonance frequency. In this formula, the locally averaged distance-dependent demagnetizing field that emerges near the edges is included as an additional uniaxial anisotropy term. The measurements reveal that at a certain distance from the edge, the resulting (apparent) anisotropy, determined from the angular dependencies of the resonance field, almost vanishes. Moreover, its easy axis reorients to become parallel to the edge. The model predictions agree well with these results, proving that the main resonance mode behavior near the film edges can be accurately described by introducing additional effective uniaxial anisotropy, provided the measuring area is relatively large. However, for the thick (300 nm) sample, additional precession modes are also observed. These modes distort the angular dependence of the main mode, thus demonstrating the limitations of the model.
An overview of technological advancements in the application of structural health monitoring on glass elements
Authors: Ahani Elshan , Zhang Yiping , Wang Feiliang , Yang Jian , Zhou Lian , Tang Lina
Published: February 2024

The concepts behind employing structural health monitoring (SHM) to the glass structures are in their early stages. While limited information by the application of SHM on glass-made elements could obtain through the literature, recent technological advances enrich the state of the art around the glass elements. As yet because of the novelty in both using SHM and the application of laminated glasses (LGs) for structural purposes, the historical background around the application of SHM on glass elements does not exceed 20 years, and the novelty of the concepts around the LGs may be even more. With this in mind, the demanded assessments have to be incepted from the very basis of both the glass and SHM sciences to place the stepping stones of the fundamental stage, which would be a platform for the extending evaluations of glass elements at higher levels. This study is an endeavor to bring forward the available approaches for elaborating SHM on structural elements composed of glass with an emphasis on glass façades. According to the outcomes, the requirement for early detection due to its brittle content proffers SHM as the limited available alternatives for damage detection of the systems composed of it.
Multi-scale fusion for image enhancement in shield tunneling: a combined MSRCR and CLAHE approach
Authors: He Zhendong , Mo Haichuan , Xiao Yanqiu , Cui Guangzhen , Wang Pengpeng , Jia Lianhui
Published: February 2024

Aiming at addressing the complex lighting conditions in shield construction environments and enhancing the contrast of low-light images while preserving image details, this paper presents an image enhancement technique based on multi-scale fusion. The proposed method first duplicates the input image into two copies. Subsequently, the first copy undergoes color and contrast adjustment via the adaptive weighted Retinex algorithm for color restoration (A-MSRCR) algorithm. Meanwhile, the second copy undergoes contrast enhancement and detail preservation by combining Gamma correction and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Finally, a normalized weight map is introduced to facilitate multi-scale fusion of the two enhanced images, ensuring an overall enhancement in both contrast and detail. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides better visual quality and objective data than the compared methods. Moreover, it offers valuable support for subsequent recognition and localization tasks.
Large bandwidth and dynamic range current sensor based on micro-PCB Rogowski coil
Authors: Wang Lisong , Han Yongliang , Ji Yunfan , Tang Fan , Su Wei , Wu Jingen , Guan Mengmeng , Hu Zhongqiang , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Ming
Published: February 2024

A micro-PCB Rogowski coil with a volume of only 0.032 cm3 was proposed in this paper, and a magnetic flux concentration structure was introduced while ensuring the high-frequency performance of the coil to improve the measurement ability of the Rogowski coil sensor for weak current characterization. We have systematically investigated the magnetic core materials suitable for high-frequency current sensing, and the performance of core at high frequency has also been verified theoretically and experimentally. In addition, a high-precision signal processing circuit, whose main functions are amplification and integration, has also been developed. Experiments have shown that the developed PCB Rogowski coil current sensor can measure the current in the μA level with a bandwidth of 10 MHz, a sensitivity of up to 180 V A−1 and a resolution of up to 50 μA. The response time of the sensor to a step signal is within 30 ns, and it also has good waveform following ability. Compared with commercial TMR sensors, the sensor proposed in this work also has certain advantages in terms of noise.
High-resolution EEG source localization in personalized segmentation-free head model with multi-dipole fitting
Authors: Hirata Akimasa , Niitsu Masamune , Phang Chun Ren , Kodera Sachiko , Kida Tetsuo , Rashed Essam A , Fukunaga Masaki , Sadato Norihiro , Wasaka Toshiaki
Published: February 2024

Objective. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are often used to monitor brain activity. Several source localization methods have been proposed to estimate the location of brain activity corresponding to EEG readings. However, only a few studies evaluated source localization accuracy from measured EEG using personalized head models in a millimeter resolution. In this study, based on a volume conductor analysis of a high-resolution personalized human head model constructed from magnetic resonance images, a finite difference method was used to solve the forward problem and to reconstruct the field distribution. Approach. We used a personalized segmentation-free head model developed using machine learning techniques, in which the abrupt change of electrical conductivity occurred at the tissue interface is suppressed. Using this model, a smooth field distribution was obtained to address the forward problem. Next, multi-dipole fitting was conducted using EEG measurements for each subject (N = 10 male subjects, age: 22.5 ± 0.5), and the source location and electric field distribution were estimated. Main results. For measured somatosensory evoked potential for electrostimulation to the wrist, a multi-dipole model with lead field matrix computed with the volume conductor model was found to be superior than a single dipole model when using personalized segmentation-free models (6/10). The correlation coefficient between measured and estimated scalp potentials was 0.89 for segmentation-free head models and 0.71 for conventional segmented models. The proposed method is straightforward model development and comparable localization difference of the maximum electric field from the target wrist reported using fMR (i.e. 16.4 ± 5.2 mm) in previous study. For comparison, DUNEuro based on sLORETA was (EEG: 17.0 ± 4.0 mm). In addition, somatosensory evoked magnetic fields obtained by Magnetoencephalography was 25.3 ± 8.5 mm using three-layer sphere and sLORETA. Significance. For measured EEG signals, our procedures using personalized head models demonstrated that effective localization of the somatosensory cortex, which is located in a non-shallower cortex region. This method may be potentially applied for imaging brain activity located in other non-shallow regions.
Disorder-induced heating as a mechanism for fast neutral gas heating in atmospheric pressure plasmas
Authors: Acciarri M D , Moore C , Baalrud S D
Published: February 2024

Recent findings suggest that ions are strongly correlated in atmospheric pressure plasmas if the ionization fraction is sufficiently high (≳10−5). A consequence is that ionization causes disorder-induced heating (DIH), which triggers a significant rise in ion temperature on a picosecond timescale. This is followed by a rise in the neutral gas temperature on a longer timescale of up to nanoseconds due to ion–neutral temperature relaxation. The sequence of DIH and ion–neutral temperature relaxation suggests a new mechanism for ultrafast neutral gas heating. Previous work considered only the case of an instantaneous ionization pulse, whereas the ionization pulse extends over nanoseconds in many experiments. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to analyze the evolution of ion and neutral gas temperatures for a gradual ionization over several nanoseconds. The results are compared with published experimental results from a nanosecond pulsed discharge, showing good agreement with a measurement of fast neutral gas heating.
Effect of the cathode surface temperature on the cathode fall layer parameters: experiment and simulation
Authors: Simonchik Leanid , Tomkavich Mikalai , Islamov Gubad , Eylenceoglu Ender , Rafatov Ismail
Published: February 2024

Combined experimental and numerical studies reveal a significant effect of the cathode temperature on the basic parameters (such as the electric field profile, thickness of the cathode fall layer, current density, and gas temperature) of the cathode fall of the self-sustained normal direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) in helium. Numerical models are spatially one- and two-dimensional and based on drift-diffusion theory of gas discharges. It was observed that heating of the cathode, resulting from a flow of the discharge current in APGD with a constricted positive column, leads to an increase of the interelectrode voltage if the cathode is not cooled and its temperature increases. With additional heating of the cathode by an external heat source, the interelectrode voltage tends to decrease. Radially inhomogeneous profiles of the reduced electric field on the uncooled cathode surface were measured. Simulation results exhibit reasonably good agreement with experiment for APGDs with cooled and uncooled cathodes.
Further understanding the interaction between dark energy and dark matter: current status and future directions
Authors: Wang B , Abdalla E , Atrio-Barandela F , Pavón D
Published: February 2024

The interaction between dark matter and dark energy (DE) can be incorporated into field theory models of DE that have proved successful in alleviating the coincidence problem. We review recent advances in this field, including new models and constraints from different astronomical data sets. We show that interactions are allowed by observations and can reduce the current tensions among different measurements of cosmological parameters. We extend our discussion to include constraints from non-linear effects and results from cosmological simulations. Finally, we discuss forthcoming multi-messenger data from current and future observational facilities that will help to improve our understanding of the interactions within the dark sector.
Dynamic braille display based on surface-structured PVC gel
Authors: Tian Chengbo , Yu Min , Wu Yuwei , Yin Guoxiao , Hu Runqi , Ge Hengzao , Tong Xiaojie , Wang Gengying , Li Hongkai
Published: February 2024

Braille displays are a class of human–computer interaction electromechanical devices that display dynamic braille through an array of actuators. However, existing actuators for braille displays suffer from issues such as bulky size, heavy weight, and small tactile displacement, leading to difficulties in improving their resolution and readability. To address the above issues, we developed a novel electroactive artificial muscle actuator and applied it to braille displays. The novel actuator consists of a surface-structured PVC gel and planar electrodes. To investigate the effect of surface structure on the performance of novel PVC gel actuators, four types of surface-structured PVC gels were fabricated by a casting process, and their actuation performance was tested. The results show that the conical and frustum conical array structures are more favorable for improving the displacement of novel PVC gel actuators, while the cylindrical and quadrangular array structures are more favorable for improving their recovery forces. We observed both surface structure and dynamic electrical actuation, suggesting that the actuation of the novel actuator is mainly caused by the deformation of the surface structure of the array. We also analyzed electrowetting effects in PVC gels using the Lippmann–Young equation, to explain the differences in the performance of surface-structured PVC gels with different contact angles. Moreover, six multilayer actuators composed of PVC gels with a conical surface array structure are applied to the braille display unit to display the braille digits from 0 to 9. It has been shown that the novel PVC gel actuator has excellent mechanical properties, which makes it an ideal solution for braille displays.
A 0.6 V voltage reference circuit with 57 ppm/°C temperature coefficient, 73 KΩ output impedance and 0.080%/V line sensitivity for energy efficient applications
Authors: Banerjee Soham , Chatterjee Soumita , Mukherjee Koyel , Pandit Soumya
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a voltage reference circuit generating 0.6 V developed in the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL) 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology has been presented. It is based on the principle of Beta multiplier circuit. Operating under a supply voltage of 1.8V, the proposed reference accomplishes a line sensitivity as low as 0.080%/V across a voltage range of 1.8 V to 3.5 V. In addition to a low line sensitivity, it achieves a low temperature coefficient of 57 ppm/ °C over the temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C. The circuit furnishes a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of −75.72 dB. The improved load regulation feature allows the circuit to drive loads as low as 73 KΩ with minimum variation. A reliable nature of the circuit has been observed on examining the response for different process corners and variations.
Tailoring structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of Strontium-based XSrO3 (X = Rb, Cs) oxide perovskites employing density functional theory
Authors: Ullah Wasi , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Sfina Nourreddine , Elhadi Muawya , Tirth Vineet , Azzouz-Rached Ahmed , Humayun Q. , Uzair Muhammad , Khan Aurangzeb
Published: February 2024

The structural, electrical, optical, and elastic characteristics of Strontium-based oxide perovskites, specifically RbSrO3 and CsSrO3, have been meticulously examined using the Wien2k package inside the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Our structural analysis has confirmed the stability of these compounds, indicating that they adopt a cubic crystal structure belonging to the pm-3m (#221) space group. Moving on to their electrical characteristics, band shape, and state density have been calculated, which collectively point to the metallic characteristics of both RbSrO3 and CsSrO3. Additionally, delving into the elastic properties of these materials, considering elastic constants, bulk modulus, anisotropy factor, Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio. Pugh’s ratio, in particular, sheds light on the ductile character of these optoelectronic compounds, while the ionic character is resolved through the evaluation of the Cauchy pressure. Furthermore, the optical properties have been investigated, covering several factors, including the refractive index, dielectric function, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, and optical conductivity within an energy range spanning from 0 eV to 15 eV. Our comprehensive analysis of these compounds reveals their potential as promising candidates for optoelectronic devices, showcasing their diverse and favorable properties in this regard.
The shadow of Kerr-Newman black hole surrounded by perfect fluid matter in Rastall gravity
Authors: Ma Ju , Wang Jian-cheng , Gao Quan-gui , Qin Long-hua
Published: February 2024

We investigate analytically the apparent shadows cast by Kerr-Newman black hole with surrounding perfect fluid matter in Rastall gravity theory. With the help of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Carter constant separable method, we derive the null geodesics of the black hole space-time and calculate the numerical results of the horizon structures. The results reveal that three horizons (Cauchy horizon r
−, event horizon r
+ and cosmological horizon r

q
) occur in the space-time, and the horizon structure could degenerate while the Rastall parameter k
λ arrives the critical value. By fixing the value of equation state parameter

ω

˜

of surrounding substance for both cases of dark matter (

ω

˜

=
−
1

/

3

) and dark energy (

ω

˜

=
−
2

/

3

), we study the effects of the perfect fluid matter intensity N

s
, the Rastall parameter k
λ, the black hole spin a and the black hole charge Q on black hole shadows in detail. Furthermore, the effective potentials for black hole space-time and the energy emission rate of the black hole are also conducted and discussed.
One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations
Authors: Gong Li-Hua , Ye Zi-Jie , Liu Chao , Zhou Shun
Published: February 2024

Semi-quantum private comparison is a method for private comparison with fewer quantum resources, enabling classical participants to collaborate with a semi-honest third party possessing complete quantum capabilities. A one-way quantum private comparison protocol is devised only by unitary operations. The protocol facilitates one-way transmission between third party (TP) and classical participants in quantum communication, where the classical participants only need to perform unitary operations and measurement operations on the transmitted qubits. In addition, classical participants do not require pre-shared keys. It is shown that the qubit efficiency of this protocol is 12.5%. Finally, security analysis and the simulation results on the IBM Quantum Experience demonstrate the security and the feasibility of this protocol.
Enhancing quantum temporal steering via frequency modulation
Authors: Wu 吴 Mengkai 孟凯 , Cheng 程 Weiwen 维文
Published: February 2024

Various strategies have been proposed to harness and protect space-like quantum correlations in different models under decoherence. However, little attention has been given to temporal-like correlations, such as quantum temporal steering (TS), in this context. In this work, we investigate TS in a frequency-modulated two-level system coupled to a zero-temperature reservoir in both the weak and strong coupling regimes. We analyze the impact of various frequency-modulated parameters on the behavior of TS and non-Markovian. The results demonstrate that appropriate frequency-modulated parameters can enhance the TS of the two-level system, regardless of whether the system is experiencing Markovian or non-Markovian dynamics. Furthermore, a suitable ratio between modulation strength and frequency (i.e., all zeroes of the 0th Bessel function J
0(δ/Ω)) can significantly enhance TS in the strong coupling regime. These findings indicate that efficient and effective manipulation of quantum TS can be achieved through a frequency-modulated approach.
Effects of cross-Kerr coupling on transmission spectrum of double-cavity optomechanical system
Authors: Chen 陈 Li-Teng 立滕 , Qin 秦 Li-Guo 立国 , Tian 田 Li-Jun 立君 , Huang 黄 Jie-Hui 接辉 , Zhou 周 Nan-Run 南润 , Gong 龚 Shang-Qing 尚庆
Published: February 2024

We theoretically study the transmission spectrum of the cavity field in a double-cavity optomechanical system with cross-Kerr (CK) effect. The system consists of two tunneling coupling optomechanical cavities with a mechanical resonator as a coupling interface. By doping CK medium into the mechanical resonator, CK couplings between the cavity fields and the mechanical resonator are introduced. We investigate the effects of CK coupling strength on the transmission spectrum of the cavity field, including the transmission rate, nonreciprocity and four-wave mixing (FWM). We find that the transmission spectrum of the probe field can show two obvious transparent windows, which can be widened by increasing the CK coupling strength. For the transmission between the two cavity fields, the perfect nonreciprocity and reciprocity are present and modulated by CK coupling and phase difference between two effective optomechanical couplings. In addition, the effects of the optomechanical and CK couplings on FWM show that the single peak of FWM is split into three symmetrical peaks due to the introduction of the CK effect.
Two-point functions of random-length random walk on high-dimensional boxes
Authors: Deng Youjin , Garoni Timothy M , Grimm Jens , Zhou Zongzheng
Published: February 2024

We study the two-point functions of a general class of random-length random walks (RLRWs) on finite boxes in

Z

d

with

d
⩾
3

, and provide precise asymptotics for their behaviour. We show that in a finite box of side length L, the two-point function is asymptotic to the infinite-lattice two-point function when the typical walk length is

o
(

L
2

)

, but develops a plateau when the typical walk length is

Ω
(

L
2

)

. We also numerically study walk length moments and limiting distributions of the self-avoiding walk and Ising model on five-dimensional tori, and find that they agree asymptotically with the known results for the self-avoiding walk on the complete graph, both at the critical point and also for a broad class of scaling windows/pseudocritical points. Furthermore, we show that the two-point function of the finite-box RLRW, with walk length chosen via the complete graph self-avoiding walk, agrees numerically with the two-point functions of the self-avoiding walk and Ising model on five-dimensional tori. We conjecture that these observations in five dimensions should also hold in all higher dimensions.