bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Alkalization in Rainwater Regulating Reservoir by Shading on a Pilot Scale
Authors: Asakura Hiroshi , Matsuse Umio , Nakagawa Kei
Published: September 2021

As water in a rainwater regulating reservoir at the Sankyo landfill site in Nagasaki City tends to be alkalized and to exceed the pH upper limit of 7.5, measures to suppress the alkalization should be implemented. Inhibiting photosynthesis in algae is required to suppress the alkalization. Shading is one of the methods for inhibiting algal photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the pH reduction effect of shading on a pilot scale. pH decreased from 7.28 to 7.15 when 3% of the total area of the rainwater regulating reservoir was shaded. In addition, a clear decrease in pH was observed with more than 60% shading.
Deep Learning-Based Predictive Framework for Groundwater Level Forecast in Arid Irrigated Areas
Authors: Liu Wei , Yu Haijiao , Yang Linshan , Yin Zhenliang , Zhu Meng , Wen Xiaohu
Published: September 2021

An accurate groundwater level (GWL) forecast at multi timescales is vital for agricultural management and water resource scheduling in arid irrigated areas such as the Hexi Corridor, China. However, the forecast of GWL in these areas remains a challenging task owing to the deficient hydrogeological data and the highly nonlinear, non-stationary and complex groundwater system. The development of reliable groundwater level simulation models is necessary and profound. In this study, a novel ensemble deep learning GWL predictive framework integrating data pro-processing, feature selection, deep learning and uncertainty analysis was constructed. Under this framework, a hybrid model equipped with currently the most effective algorithms, including the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) for data decomposition, the genetic algorithm (GA) for feature selection, the deep belief network (DBN) model, and the quantile regression (QR) for uncertainty evaluation, denoted as CEEMDAN-GA-DBN, was proposed for the 1-, 2-, and 3-month ahead GWL forecast at three GWL observation wells in the Jiuquan basin, northwest China. The capability of the CEEMDAN-GA-DBN model was compared with the hybrid CEEMDAN-DBN and the standalone DBN model in terms of the performance metrics including R, MAE, RMSE, NSE, RSR, AIC and the Legates and McCabe’s Index as well as the uncertainty criterion including MPI and PICP. The results demonstrated the higher degree of accuracy and better performance of the objective CEEMDAN-GA-DBN model than the CEEMDAN-DBN and DBN models at all lead times and all the wells. Overall, the CEEMDAN-GA-DBN reduced the RMSE of the CEEMDAN-DBN and DBN models in the testing period by about 9.16 and 17.63%, while it improved their NSE by about 6.38 and 15.32%, respectively. The uncertainty analysis results also affirmed the slightly better reliability of the CEEMDAN-GA-DBN method than the CEEMDAN-DBN and DBN models at the 1-, 2- and 3-month forecast horizons. The derived results proved the ability of the proposed ensemble deep learning model in multi time steps ahead of GWL forecasting, and thus, can be used as an effective tool for GWL forecasting in arid irrigated areas.
Study on the Staged Operation of a Multi-Purpose Reservoir in Flood Season and Its Effect Evaluation
Authors: Mo Chongxun , Zhu Can , Ruan Yuli , Lei Xingbi , Xing Zhenxiang , Sun Guikai
Published: September 2021

A reasonable analysis of flood season staging is significant to the management of floods and the alleviation of water shortage. For this paper, the case of the Chengbi River Reservoir in China was selected for study. Based on fractal theory, the flood season is divided into several sub-seasons by using four indexes (multi-year average daily rainfall, multi-year maximum rainfall, multi-year average daily runoff, and multi-year maximum daily runoff) in this study. Also the Benefit-Risk theory is applied to evaluate the effects of staged dispatching. The results show that the flood season of the Chengbi River basin should be divided into the pre-flood season (13 April–6 June), the main flood season (7 June–9 September) and the post-flood season (10 September–31 October). After adjusting the flood limit water level for sub-season and benefit assessment, the probability of exceedance after reservoir flood season operation increases by 0.13×10-5, the average annual expected risk is 0.2264 million RMB, and the average annual benefit increases by 0.88–1.62 million RMB. The benefits obtained far outweigh the risks, indicating the importance of staging the flood season.
Size Matters, but Species Do Not: No Evidence for Species-Specific Swimming Performance in Co-Occurring Great Basin Stream Fishes
Authors: Aedo John R. , Otto Keith R. , Rader Russell B. , Hotchkiss Rollin H. , Belk Mark C.
Published: September 2021

For fishes, swimming performance is an important predictor of habitat use and a critical measure for the design of effective fish passage systems. Few studies have examined burst and prolonged types of swimming performance among several co-occurring species, and swimming performance in many fish communities is undocumented. In this study, we characterize both burst (c-start velocity) and prolonged speed (critical swim speed) across a poorly documented, co-occurring group of stream fishes within the Great Basin of the western USA. We documented the variation in swim speed associated with species, habitat, and body size. Body size had an overwhelming effect on both burst speed and prolonged speed, whereas habitat use and species identity were not significant predictors. Among species, there is no evidence of a trade-off between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed. Lack of a trade-off in performance between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed among species may be due to unexpectedly high prolonged swim speeds exhibited by species that used substrate-bracing behaviors. Incorporating body size and variation in behavior, such as substrate-bracing behaviors, into fish passage models will likely be sufficient to ensure the passage of all species without the need to account for species-specific swimming abilities. However, these results characterize the swimming performance for threatened and common fish species such that other comparisons can be made and species-specific studies can access accurate data.
Forecasting Summer Rainfall and Streamflow over the Yangtze River Valley Using Western Pacific Subtropical High Feature
Authors: He Ranran , Chen Yuanfang , Huang Qin , Wang Wenpeng , Li Guofang
Published: September 2021

The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is one of the key systems affecting the summer rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley in China. In this study, the forecasting capacity of the WPSH for summer rainfall and streamflow is evaluated based on the WPSH index (WPSHI) derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset. It has been found that WPSHI can identify extreme flood years with a higher skill than normal wet years. Specifically, exceedance probability forecasting based on WPSHI has higher skills for higher thresholds of rainfall. For streamflow, adding WPSHI as a predictor only enhances the skill for higher thresholds of streamflow relative to models based on antecedent streamflow. Under the same framework, performances of two postprocessing approaches for dynamical forecasts, i.e., the model output statistics (MOS) approach and the reanalysis-based (RAN) approach are compared. Hindcasts from Climate Forecast System version 2 from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (CFSv2) are used to calculate WPSHI, which is used as the predictor for rainfall and streamflow. The result shows that the RAN approach performs better than the MOS approach. This study emphasizes the fact that the forecasting skill of exceedance probability would largely depend on the selected threshold of the predictand, and this fact should be noticed in future studies in the long-term forecasting field.
Self-Flocculation as an Efficient Method to Harvest Microalgae: A Mini-Review
Authors: Li Tianrui , Hu Jiangjun , Zhu Liandong
Published: September 2021

The development of clean and renewable biofuels has been of wide concern on the topic of energy and environmental issues. As a kind of biomass energy with great application prospects, microalgae have many advantages and are used in the fields of environmental protection and biofuels as well as food or feed production for humans and animals. However, the high cost of microalgae harvesting is the main bottleneck of industrial production on a large scale. Self-flocculation is a cost-efficient and promising method for harvesting microalgal biomass. This article briefly describes the current commonly used technology for microalgae harvesting, focusing on the research progress of self-flocculation. This article explores the relative mechanisms and influencing factors of self-flocculation and discusses a proposal for the integration of algae cultivation and harvesting as well as the co-cultivation of algae and bacteria in an effort to provide a reference for microalgae harvesting with high efficiency and low cost.
Environmental Flows as a Proactive Tool to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Warming on Freshwater Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Theodoropoulos Christos , Karaouzas Ioannis , Stamou Anastasios
Published: September 2021

What would happen in Mediterranean rivers and streams if warming but not drying occurred? We examined whether the delivery of environmental flows within a warming climate can maintain suitable macroinvertebrate habitats despite warming. A two-dimensional ecohydraulic model was used to (1) simulate the influence of water temperature and flow on macroinvertebrates by calculating habitat suitability for 12 climate change scenarios and (2) identify the mechanism by which macroinvertebrate assemblages respond to warming. The results suggest that not all watersheds will be equally influenced by warming. The impact of warming depends on the habitat conditions before warming occurs. Watersheds can, thus, be categorized as losing (those in which warming will degrade current optimal thermal habitat conditions) and winning ones (those in which warming will optimize current sub-optimal thermal habitat conditions, until a given thermal limit). Our models indicate that in losing watersheds, the delivery of environmental flows can maintain suitable habitats (and, thus, healthy macroinvertebrate assemblages) for up to 1.8–2.5 °C of warming. In winning watersheds, environmental flows can maintain suitable habitats when thermal conditions are optimal. Environmental flows could, thus, be used as a proactive strategy/tool to mitigate the ecological impacts of warming before more expensive reactive measures within a changing climate become necessary.
Effects of Water Depth on the Growth of the Submerged Macrophytes Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata: Implications for Water Level Management
Authors: Li Qisheng , Han Yanqing , Chen Kunquan , Huang Xiaolong , Li Kuanyi , He Hu
Published: September 2021

Water level is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of submerged macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems. The rosette plant Vallisneria natans and the erect plant Hydrilla verticillata are two common submerged macrophytes in lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. How water level fluctuations affect their growth and competition is still unknown. In this study, three water depths (50 cm, 150 cm, and 250 cm) were established to explore the responses in growth and competitive patterns of the two plant species to water depth under mixed planting conditions. The results show that, compared with shallow water conditions (50 cm), the growth of both submerged macrophytes was severely suppressed in deep water depth (250 cm), while only V. natans was inhibited under intermediate water depth (150 cm). Moreover, the ratio of biomass of V. natans to H. verticillata gradually increased with increasing water depth, indicating that deep water enhanced the competitive advantage of V. natans over H.verticillata. Morphological adaptation of the two submerged macrophytes to water depth was different. With increasing water depth, H. verticillata increased its height, at the cost of reduced plant numbers to adapt to poor light conditions. A similar strategy was also observed in V. natans, when water depth increased from 50 cm to 150 cm. However, both the plant height and number were reduced at deep water depth (250 cm). Our study suggests that water level reduction in lake restoration efforts could increase the total biomass of submerged macrophytes, but the domination of key plants, such as V. natans, may decrease.
Theoretical Investigation of the Adsorption of Cadmium Iodide from Water Using Polyaniline Polymer Filled with TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahdhi Noureddine , Alsaiari Norah Salem , Alzahrani Fatimah Mohammed , Katubi Khadijah Mohammedsaleh , Amari Abdelfattah , Hammami Saber
Published: September 2021

The removal of heavy metals from drinking water has attracted great interest in water purification technology. In this study, a biocompatible Polyaniline (PANI) polymer filled with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is considered as an adsorbent of cadmium iodide from water. Theoretical investigation of the van der Waals (vdW) interactions deduced from the Hamaker constant calculated on the basis of Lifshitz theory was presented. It was found that the surface energy as well as the work of adhesion between water and PANI/NPs across air increases with an increasing volume fraction of the TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. Consequently, an increase in the Laplace pressure around the cavities/porosities was found, which leads to the enhancement of the specific contact surface between water and PANI/NPs. On the other hand, for the interactions between CdI2 particles and PANI/NPs surface across water, we show that the interactions are governed principally by the attractive London dispersion forces. The vdW energy and force increase proportionally with the augmentation of the volume fraction of nanoparticles and of the radius of the CdI2 particle. Particularly, the PANI/TiO2 has been proved to be a better candidate for adsorption of cadmium iodide from water than PANI/ZnO.
Recovery of Cr(III) from Tannery Effluents by Diafiltration Using Chitosan Modified Membranes
Authors: Zakmout Asmaa , Sadi Fatma , Velizarov Svetlozar , Crespo João G. , Portugal Carla A. M.
Published: September 2021

The selective recovery of chromium remaining in tannery effluents after the leather tanning process is highly desirable to potentiate its reuse, simultaneously minimizing the ecotoxicity of these effluents. To the best of our knowledge, this work evaluates for the first time the ability of a chitosan-based membrane for selective recovery of chromium from a tannery wastewater by subsequent diafiltration and selective chromium desorption, envisaging their integration after tannery wastewater treatment by reverse osmosis (RO). A polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane top-coated with a chitosan layer (cs-PES MF022) was used for selective recovery of Cr(III), from concentrate streams obtained by treatment of synthetic and real tannery effluents through reverse osmosis (RO), through a diafiltration process. The diafiltration of the RO concentrates was conducted by an intermittent addition of water acidified to pH 3.6. The prepared cs-PES MF022 membranes were able to retain 97% of the total mass of Cr(III) present in the RO concentrates, from a real tannery effluent, with a selectivity of 4.2 and 5 in reference to NH4+ and Cl−, respectively, 12.9 and 14.6 in reference to K and Na, and >45 in reference to Mg, Ca, and S. Such a high selectivity is explained by the preferential adsorption of Cr(III) onto chitosan, and by the relatively high permeability of cs-PES MF022 membranes to the other ionic species. Proof of concept studies were performed to investigate the desorption of Cr(III) at pH 2 and 5.8. A higher Cr(III) desorption degree was obtained at pH 2, leading to a final solution enriched in Cr(III), which may be re-used in tannery operations, thus improving the process economy and reducing the hazardous impact of the effluents discharged by this industry.
Understanding the Role of Complexation of Fluoroquinolone and β-Lactam Antibiotics with Iron (III) on the Photodegradation under Solar Light and UVC Light
Authors: Serna-Galvis Efraím A. , Martínez-Mena Yudy L. , Porras Jazmín , Ávila-Torres Yenny , Silva-Agredo Javier , Torres-Palma Ricardo A.
Published: September 2021

Antibiotics elimination by some photochemical processes involves ferric ions, but little is discussed about the fundamental aspects of complexation effects on their degradation. This study compares the photodegradation of two fluoroquinolones, three β-lactams, and their ferric complexes in deionized water. The complexed antibiotics were more recalcitrant than the free antibiotics to the solar light action (the photodegradation rate constants diminished by more than 50%). To better study the photodegradation, other experiments considering two representative cases (ciprofloxacin and dicloxacillin) were performed. For ciprofloxacin, as the iron amount was increased from 0 to 7.5 µmol L−1, its photodegradation rate constant decreased from 0.017 to 0.004 min−1. In contrast, for dicloxacillin, the increase in iron concentration (from 0 to 7.5 µmol L−1) accelerated its photodegradation (the rate constant augmented from 0 to 0.0026 min−1). When UVC light was used, the degradations of free and complexed antibiotics were very close, exhibiting values of degradation rate constants between 0.030 and 0.085 min−1. The antimicrobial activity (AA) was eliminated when 90% of ciprofloxacin and 90–95% of dicloxacillin were degraded. The AA removal was associated with structural changes in relevant moieties of antibiotics, such as fluorine and piperazyl ring for ciprofloxacin, or β-lactam ring for dicloxacillin.
Electric Vehicle Modelling and Simulation of a Light Commercial Vehicle Using PMSM Propulsion
Authors: Babangida Aminu , Szemes Péter Tamás
Published: September 2021

Even though the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) used in conventional vehicles is one of the major causes of global warming and air pollution, the emission of toxic gases is also harmful to living organisms. Electric propulsion has been developed in modern electric vehicles to replace the ICE.The aim of this research is to use both the Simulink and Simscape toolboxes in MATLAB to model the dynamics of a light commercial vehicle powered by electric propulsion. This research focuses on a Volkswagen Crafter with a diesel propulsion engine manufactured in 2020. A rear-wheel driven electric powertrain based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor was designed to replace its front-wheel driven diesel engine in an urban environment at low average speeds.In this research, a Nissan Leaf battery with a nominal voltage of 360 V and a capacity of 24 kWh was modelled to serve as the energy source of the electric drivetrain. The New European Driving Cycle was used in this research to evaluate the electric propulsion. Another test input such as a speed ramp was also used to test the vehicle under different road conditions. A Proportional Integral controller was applied to control the speed of both the vehicle and synchronous motor. Different driving cycles were used to test the vehicle. The vehicle demonstrated a good tracking capability in each type of test. In addition, this research determined that the fuel economy of electric vehicles is approximately 19% better than that of conventional vehicles.
Incremento del rendimiento y calidad de grano en germoplasma mejorado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) del INIAP, en el año 2020
Authors: Garófalo Sosa Javier Alberto , Ponce Molina Luis Jonatan , Noroña Zapata Patricio Javier
Published: September 2021

El trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es uno de los cereales  más  utilizados  por las familias ecuatorianas, con una producción nacional del 1% de la demanda. El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias –  INIAP, tiene como objetivo generar germoplasma   de   alto    rendimiento y calidad industrial. En el  año  2020 en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina, en parcelas de 3.6 m2 se evaluaron en campo 580 líneas de trigo seleccionadas durante el 2019  de introducciones provenientes del CIMMYT y de cruzas locales. Los resultados obtenidos  muestran  que las líneas introducidas alcanzaron un incremento en el rendimiento del 6% en comparación a los testigos mejorados (7,14 t ha-1), entre tanto que, las líneas de cruzas nacionales obtuvieron un incremento del 13,3%. Para la calidad de grano, peso hectolítrico, se observó que las líneas introducidas presentan menores valores de calidad (71,05 kg hl-1) en comparación con los testigos (71,87 kg hl-1); mientras que las líneas de  cruzas  nacionales   presentaron un incremento del 2,4%. Denotando, que los programas de mejoramiento pueden obtener germoplasma con mejores  características  al   realizar sus propios cruzamientos empleando materiales locales y mejor adaptados.
Producción Agrícola Sustentable para el sector pecuario y el cambio climático
Authors: Bejarano Rivera Cristina , López Villacís Isabel , Vaca Vaca Carmen , Mera Andrade Rafael
Published: September 2021

Las  hierbas  aromáticas  tienen  una  amplia distribución  en  la  región  de  Apurímac,  Perú, donde     encontramos     especies     silvestres y   cultivadas,   su   interés   se   basa   en   la presencia de aceites esenciales que contiene componentes bioactivos que son usados como conservantes en la industria de alimentos. El objetivo  de  la  investigación  fue  determinar el   perfil   químico   y   actividad   antioxidante de   los   aceites   esenciales   de   Lepechinia meyenii  (Walp)  Epling  y  Mentha  piperita  L. La extracción de aceites esenciales se realizó mediante la destilación por arrastre de vapor de  agua  a  condiciones  de  sobresaturación. Se  determinaron  los  siguientes  parámetros: rendimiento de extracción, densidad relativa e índice de refracción. El perfil químico se realizó mediante la cromatografía de gases acoplada a  espectrómetria  de  masas  y  la  actividad antioxidante   mediante   la   eliminación   del radical    libre    1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo    y H2O2. (DPPH), como resultado, el porcentaje de rendimiento fue del 0,87 % y 0,56 %, con densidades  de  0,942  g/mL  y  0,919  g/mL  y índice de refracción de 1,4917 y 1,4676 para Lepechinia  meyenii  (Walp)  Epling  y  Mentha piperita   L.),   respectivamente.   Los   aceites esenciales  se  caracterizaron  principalmente por  una  fracción  sesquiterpenoides  en  un (55,73 %) y con una fracción monoterpenoides en un (55,60 %). La actividad antioxidante fue significante de 4,95-0,06 mg/mL y 7,21-0,21 mg/ mL. Los aceites esenciales a partir de hierbas aromáticas    presentaron    significativamente altos   componentes   químicos   y   actividad antioxidante,    siendo    posibles    candidatos antimicrobianos,antioxidantes, antibacterianas para la industria alimentaria
Extracción de almidón del arroz de cebada por procesos físicos de separación
Authors: Brito Moína Hanníbal Lorenzo , Huacho Chávez Iván Fernando , Rodríguez Basantes Adriana Isabel
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo de investigación se desarrolló con la finalidad de  obtener almidón de  arroz  de  cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), para determinar cómo afecta el tamaño de partícula en  el  rendimiento  de  la misma, para lo cual, se procedió con el análisis organoléptico de la materia prima, posteriormente se redujo  el  tamaño   para   proceder  a mezclar con agua aplicando el diseño factorial 2k considerando variables de proceso  a la velocidad y tiempo con 3 repeticiones cada uno, de esta manera separar las macromoléculas,  mediante  la filtración y sedimentación hasta que el almidón se precipite en el fondo del recipiente, luego se separó del líquido y se secó a la temperatura ambiente, a continuación se homogeneizó hasta una granulometría uniforme, se pesó y determinó su rendimiento,  luego se efectuó el análisis organoléptico, físico, químico y microbiológico, determinando que los parámetros de análisis se encuentran dentro de la norma para el uso como materia prima en otros procesos de manufactura. Los tratamientos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante la prueba ANOVA y TUKEY para  determinar la diferencia significativa entre los mismos, además de definir que el mejor tratamiento es el 4 con el 38,20% de rendimiento.
Entornos virtuales como espacios de enseñanza-aprendizaje. “Un enfoque teórico para la educación superior”
Authors: Villacis Lizano Maritza , Moreno Genovés Mayra , Benavides Lara Raul
Published: September 2021

El artículo muestra un modelo teórico que permite estudiar el potencial convertidor de los entornos virtuales a partir de su capacidad para mediar las relaciones entre docentes, estudiantes y el contenido; esta orientado desde una representación constructivista socio cultural, y basado en los elementos básicos de un modelo teórico. Se analizan algunos temas puntuales concernientes al estudio de los entornos virtuales, y se plantea un sustento metodológico cualitativo en donde se aplica un modelo de cinco fases la cuales son: preparatoria, descriptiva, interpretativa por núcleo temático, de construcción teórico global y de extensión para su análisis de estudio. Finalmente, se enfatizan aspectos concernientes a la contribución de lo virtual en la educación, ideados como espacios para el progreso de técnicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Monitoramento a usuários pós-AVC na Atenção Primária: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Faustino Gonçalves Laura , De Paiva Karina Mary , Haas Patricia
Published: September 2021

Introdução. Aproximadamente 60% dos pacientes ficam com sequelas motoras, cognitivas e distúrbios de comunicação. Objetivo. Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura achados referentes ao monitoramento de usuários pós-AVC na atenção primária. Método. Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE e BIREME. Sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Resultados. Foram identificados 88 artigos inicialmente, dos quais 25 foram para a avaliação de resumos. Desses, 22 foram excluídos por não responderem à pergunta norteadora. Procedeu-se a leitura na íntegra dos 2 artigos e após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, no qual foram inclusos na pesquisa. Conclusão. Os estudos mostraram uma evolução significativa dos pacientes que realizaram acompanhamento na atenção primária pós-AVC, demonstrando assim a sua importância de continuidade de intervenção após a alta hospitalar.
Connecting Ancient and Modern: A Textual Study of Ghanaśyāma’s Ānandasundarī, a Prakrit Play by an 18th-Century Marathi Poet
Authors: Fodor Melinda Zulejka
Published: September 2021

Among 18th-century Indian literary texts, Ghanaśyāma’s saṭṭaka titled Ānandasundarī is one of the most interesting plays for many reasons. First, while in classical Indian drama, the Sanskrit and various Prakrit dialects are attributed to different characters to indicate their social status, in a saṭṭaka all dramatis personae speak the same language : the Prakrit. This unusual language distribution was applied first by Rājaśekhara (9–10th c.) in his Karpūramañjarī, which became the exemplar for later authors. Secondly, the Prakrit, alongside Sanskrit, served as a classical literary language from the first centuries of the Common Era onwards. While Sanskrit remained a widely-used language of the literati until the early modern period, the number of individuals proficient in Prakrit was reduced significantly over time. Thus, writing in Prakrit became a sign of scholarship. Thirdly, it was believed by scholars of the last century that poets after Rājaśekhara gradually stopped producing classical plays, and traditional Indian theatre slowly fell into decay. Ghanaśyāma’s Ānandasundarī is the last play to come down to us from this tradition, and it is a fine example of how classical Indian drama was still appreciated in the author’s time. Fourthly, Ghanaśyāma lived in Thanjavur in a period when terms with multiple meanings, puns, and oblique expressions were in vogue. The Prakrit language naturally lends itself to polysemy. Last, his innovations in the Ānandasundarī, such as the introduction of a ‘ play within a play’ are remarkable and deserve special attention. The textual study of the Ānandasundarī reveals Ghanaśyāma’s concept of poetic beauty.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF THE TRACTOR
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F. Morozov, Yudin R.V. , Puzakov R.N. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Published: September 2021

During the movement of the tractor on the uneven terrain, there are fluctuations that cause jumps of the working fluid in the hydraulic system and high dynamic loads. The solution to this problem is the use of an energy-saving hydraulic drive with a hydraulic accumulator and a system of aggregates this leads to increased efficiency and increased productivity of skidding grippers. A mathematical model of working processes with an energy-saving hydraulic drive is compiled.
THERMAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING HIDDEN DEFECTS OF MACHINE UNITS
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F. Morozov, Latynin A.V. , Shvyriov A.N. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Nikulin M.A. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Garkusha O.S. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Published: September 2021

Currently, non-destructive testing methods are promising technologies for control-ling the quality of materials. Such technologies make it possible to identify internal defects not only in new products, but also to constantly monitor newly arising defects of already operating machines. The article presents materials aimed at considering methods of thermal non-destructive testing.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY IN A RELIABILITY-ORIENTED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Authors:   Belgorod State Agricultural University named after V. Ya. Gorin, Pastukhov A.G.
Published: September 2021

The article substantiates the need to develop a diagnostic technology that ensures the effective implementation of a reliability-oriented car maintenance system. The results of verification of analytical models of heat generation of mechanical transmission units are presented, the technology is tested during bench and operational tests. A diagnostic method, a device – recorder and software for the implementation of continuous thermometric control of mechanical transmission elements have been developed.
RESTORING THE PERFORMANCE OF ALUMINUM RADIATORS OF THE COOLING SYSTEM
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin, Strebkov S.V. , Slobodyuk A.P. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin, Bondarev A.V. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a technology for repairing an aluminum radiator of a KAMAZ vehicle. A distinctive feature of the proposed technology is the use of cold gas-dynamic spraying, which ensures the restoration of the tightness of a radiator made of thin-walled aluminum parts and having a complex shape that makes it difficult to perform technological operations.
ORGANIZATION AND VERIFICATION OF MEASUREMENTS IN AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE CENTERS OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named after G.F. Morozov, Shabanov M.L. , Lisich M.N. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Chernikov E.A. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov
Published: September 2021

The article describes the organization and verification of measuring instruments in service centers for the repair and diagnostics of vehicles. Basic recommendations for this procedure are given with calculations and conclusions that will improve the quality of services provided by service centers.
INSULATION OF WATER FLOWS AND INTERVAL TREATMENT OF THE FORMATION IN CONDITIONS OF CRACK-PORE COLLECTORS
Authors: Халадов А.Ш. , Моллаев Р.Х. , Бакраев М.М. , Шовхалов М. М. , Керимов А. И.
Published: September 2021

Мировая нефтепромысловая практика показывает, что в условиях неоднородных трещинно-поровых пластов высокопроницаемые интервалы, доля которых составляет обычно 30 - 40 %, зачастую являются и основными путями опережающего обводнения скважин, что является очень большой проблемой, требующей привлечения дополнительных материальных ресурсов по борьбе с обводнением скважин и коррозией нефтепромыслового оборудования.

The world oilfield practice shows that in the conditions of heterogeneous fractured-porous formations, high-permeability intervals, the share of which is usually 30-40%, are often the main ways of anticipatory watering of wells, which is a very big problem requiring additional material resources to combat water-cutting and corrosion of oilfield equipment.
THE INFLUENCE OF LATERAL PRESSURE ON THE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL
Authors: Жамбакина З.М. , Куатбаева Т.К. , Акишев У.К. , Сарсенбаев Н.Б. , Ауесбек С.Т.
Published: September 2021

В статье приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований коэффициента бокового давления в условиях компрессии и деформационных характеристик Е и ν (модуль общей деформации и коэффициент Пуассона). По существующим методикам расчета осадок оснований, коэффициент Пуассона рекомендуется принимать постоянным в зависимости от вида грунта. Неточность такого подхода иллюстрируется проведенными авторами исследованиями по определению коэффициента бокового давления, который зависит от физических свойств (плотности, влажности, гранулометрического состава и др.) и начального напряженного состояния грунта. Показано влияние способа определения коэффициента бокового давления и соответственно коэффициента Пуассона при расчете деформационных свойств грунтов и границы применения обобщенного закона Гука. В реальных условиях, распределение напряжений от внешней нагрузки и сжатие по центральной оси близко к условиям компрессии, но общий процесс деформирования основания обусловлен как боковыми так и вертикальными деформациями, которые характеризуются коэффициентом поперечного расширения ν.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the lateral pressure coefficient under compression and deformation characteristics E and ν (modulus of total deformation and Poisson's ratio). According to the existing methods for calculating the settlement of foundations, it is recommended to take Poisson's ratio constant depending on the type of soil. The inaccuracy of this approach is illustrated by the studies carried out by the authors to determine the lateral pressure coefficient, which depends on the physical properties (density, moisture, particle size distribution, etc.) and the initial stress state of the soil. The influence of the method for determining the lateral pressure coefficient and, accordingly, Poisson's ratio in calculating the deformation properties of soils and the limits of application of the generalized Hooke's law is shown.In real conditions, the distribution of stresses from an external load and compression along the central axis is close to the compression conditions, but the general process of deformation of the base is caused by both lateral and vertical deformations, which are characterized by the coefficient of transverse expansion ν.
INFLUENCE OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR CONDUCTIVITY ON THE VALUE OF THE SCHOTTKY BARRIER
Authors: Магомадов Р.М. , Юшаев Р.Р.
Published: September 2021

В данной работе исследовано влияние проводимости полупроводника на Барьер Шотки в контакте металл полупроводник. В качестве объектов исследования выбраны контакты с алюминием следующих полупроводников: арсенида индия(InAs), арсенида галлия (GaAs)антимонида индия(InSb) и сульфида кадмия(CdS). Выбор этих кристаллов связан с тем, что ширина запрещенной зоны этих полупроводников возрастает от Еg = 0,18 эВ у арсенида индия до Еg = 2,53 эВ у сульфида кадмия, что соответствует поставленной задаче в данной работе.

In this paper, the influence of the conductivity of a semiconductor on the Schottky Barrier in the metal-semiconductor contact is investigated. Contacts with aluminum of the following semiconductors were selected as objects of research: indium arsenide(InAs), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium antimonide(InSb), and cadmium sulfide(CDs). The choice of these crystals is due to the fact that the band gap of these semiconductors increases from U = 0.18 eV for indium arsenide to U =eV for cadmium sulfide, which corresponds to the task in this paper.
RESERVOIRS OF DIVERSION HYDRO POWER PLANTS AND THE APPLICATION OF ALLUVIUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Authors: Кокоев М. Н.
Published: September 2021

В горных реках Северного Кавказа расход воды в паводок увеличивается в десятки раз. Часто в горных условиях технически проще и дешевле построить не плотинную станцию с большим водохранилищем, а деривационную ГЭС с небольшим водохранилищем или с бассейном суточного регулирования. Горные реки несут большое количество песка и ила. Во время паводков вода переносит и мелкие камни, и гальку. Если не принимать мер для очистки от речных наносов водохранилищ, то через несколько лет полезный объем водохранилищ будет исчерпан. В статье рассматривается один из способов поддержания водохранилищ и бассейнов суточного регулирования в рабочем состоянии. Предложено речные наносы (аллювий) регулярно извлекать из водохранилищ, обрабатывать и использовать как сырье для производства строительных песчано-гравийных смесей и щебня. Есть большая потребность в этих материалах при строительстве автомобильных дорог, в промышленном и гражданском строительстве. Одновременно можно использовать тонкие фракции аллювия в виде ила, глины и тонкого песка в качестве основы для приготовления почвенного субстрата с целью применения его для улучшения пойменных земель. Обсуждаются вопросы организации при водохранилищах каскада ГЭС на горных реках механизированных участков по утилизации донных отложений.

In the mountain rivers of the North Caucasus, the water discharge during a flood increases tenfold. Often, in mountainous conditions, it is technically easier and cheaper to build a derivation hydroelectric power station with a small reservoir or with a daily regulation pool than a dam station with a large reservoir. Mountain rivers carry large amounts of sand and silt. During floods, the water carries lots of small stones and pebbles. If no measures are taken to cleanse reservoirs from river sediments, their useful volume would be exhausted in a few years of operation. The article discusses one of the ways to maintain reservoirs and basins of daily regulation in working order. It is proposed that river sediments (alluvium) be regularly removed from reservoirs, processed and used as raw materials for the production of construction sand and gravel mixtures and crushed stone. The demand for these materials in the construction of highways, in industrial and civil construction is high. At the same time, it is possible to use fine fractions of alluvium in the form of silt, clay and fine sand as a basis for preparing a soil substrate to improve floodplain lands. The issues of organizing mechanized teams for utilization of bottom sediments at reservoirs of a cascade of hydroelectric power stations on mountain rivers are discussed.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS ON INSULATION POLYMERIC COATING ADHESION
Authors: Бондарь К.Е. , Иванов С.П. , Лапонов С.В. , Сулейманов Д.Ф. , Шулаев Н.С.
Published: September 2021

В статье приведены результаты исследования воздействия электромагнитного излучения сверхвысокочастотного диапазона на изоляционные полимерные материалы трубопроводов изготовленных на основе поливинилхлорида и прогнозирование влияния излучения на адгезионные свойства. Показано улучшение эксплуатационных характеристик материалов, приводящее к увеличению срока службы и надежности трубопроводных систем. Разработан метод расчета изменения и распределения температур по поверхности изолируемого материала, вызванных микроволновым излучением, необходимый для определены оптимальных режимов обработки полимера.

The article provides the results of the research into the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation influence on polyvinyl chloride based polymeric piping coatings as well as forecasting how radiation can affect adhesion. It also exhibits the improvement of materials efficiency leading to longer service and higher reliability of piping systems. A calculation method for temperature changes and distribution across the coated material under the influence of microwave radiation has been developed which is required to establish the most appropriate polymer treatment techniques.
INTERPHASE OF BUILDING COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Айзенштадт А.М. , Соколова Ю.В. , Дроздюк Т.А. , Авдушева М.А.
Published: September 2021

Целью данной работы является демонстрация нескольких методологических подходов к решению задач управления процессами трансформационных превращений вещества на границе раздела фаз макроповерхности и в дисперсных системах, которые можно, на наш взгляд, использовать в качестве критериев количественной характеристики одного из основополагающих законов научного направления «Геоника» - закона «Сродства структур». Предложенные подходы базируются на фундаментальных положениях физической и коллоидной химии, кристаллоэнергетики. В качестве данных критериев, позволяющих управлять структурообразованием на межфазной границе, предложены энергетическая интерпретация кинетической модели топохимического взаимодействия компонентов и значение аналоговой постоянной Гамакера. Разработаны методологические принципы экспериментального определения этих характеристик. Проведена апробация предложенных подходов на примере различных тонкодисперсных композиций: глиоксаль-кора, базальт-кора, базальт-полиминеральный кварцево-полевошпатовый песок и базальт-сапонит. Кроме того, коллоидно-химический подход к созданию суспензий на основе тонкодисперсных частиц горных пород, обладающих специфическими свойствами, позволяет синтезировать агрегативно устойчивые суспензии магнитных жидкостей. Приводятся примеры их использования в строительном материаловедении.

This work aims to demonstrate several methodological approaches to solving problems of controlling the transformation processes of matter at the interface of the macro-surface and in dispersed systems, which, in our opinion, can be used as criteria for the quantitative characteristics of one of the fundamental laws of the scientific direction "Geonics" - the "Affinity of structures" law. The proposed approaches are based on the fundamental principles of physical and colloidal chemistry, crystal energy. The energy interpretation of the kinetic model of the topochemical interaction of thecomponents and the analog Hamaker constant value are proposed as these criteria make it possible to control the structure formation at the interface. We have developed the methodological principles for the experimental determination of these characteristics. We have tested the proposed approaches on various finely dispersed compositions: glyoxal-bark, basalt-bark, basalt-polymineral quartz-feldspar sand, and basalt-saponite. Besides, the colloidal-chemical approach to the creation of suspensions based on finely dispersed particles of rocks with specific properties makes it possible to synthesize aggregately stable suspensions of magnetic fluids. Examples of their use in building materials science are given.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VS HUMAN MIND IN ECONOMICS
Authors: Куразова Д. А. , Муртазалиева А. Х.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена осмыслению основ разработки систем искусственного интеллекта. Наряду с анализом самой логики, зоны её экономической составляющей обсуждается вопрос об инструменте подобного анализа, автор делает акцент на природе логики и метода. Целью данной статьи является исследование трудной проблемы сознания в контексте её актуальности и практической значимости для разработки систем искусственного интеллекта, теоретико-библиографический анализ различных концепций и подходов к решению данной проблемы, а также разработка альтернативного подхода к объяснению феномена сознания и философско-методологическое обоснование использования данного подхода при разработке систем сильного искусственного интеллекта.

The article is devoted to understanding the basics of the development of artificial intelligence systems. Along with the analysis of logic itself and its economic component, the question of the tool for such analysis is discussed, the author focuses on the nature of logic and method. The purpose of this article is to study the difficult problem of consciousness in the context of its relevance and practical significance for the development of artificial intelligence systems, a theoretical and bibliographic analysis of various concepts and approaches to solving this problem, as well as to develop an alternative approach to explaining the phenomenon of consciousness and a philosophical and methodological justification for using this approach in the development of strong artificial intelligence systems.
PROSECUTOR'S REFUSAL TO CHARGE
Authors: Мальцагов И.Д. , Магомадов Х.И.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается вопрос о возможности отказа от обвинения на стадии предварительного слушания. Указано, чем отказ от обвинения отличается от изменения обвинения. Авторы анализируют возможные варианты отказа прокурора от обвинения, дают классификацию видов и оснований такого отказа. Решается вопрос о том, в какой форме возможен отказ прокурора от обвинения, обосновывается необходимость согласования позиции государственного обвинителя с прокурором, утвердившим обвинительное заключение и поручившим поддержание обвинения. Дается оценка соблюдению прав потерпевшего при реализации государственным обвинителем права на отказ от обвинения. Приведена возможная структура речи государственного обвинителя в судебных прениях при отказе от обвинения. Предлагается внести в уголовно-процессуальное законодательство Российской Федерации некоторые изменения.

The article discusses the possibility of abandoning the charge at the preliminary hearing stage. It is indicated how the refusal of the charge differs from the change of the charge. The authors analyze the possible options for the prosecutor's refusal to charge, give a classification of the types and grounds for such refusal. The question of the form in which the prosecutor's refusal from the prosecution is possible is resolved, and the need to coordinate the position of the public prosecutor with the prosecutor who approved the indictment and entrusted the prosecution with maintaining the prosecution is justified. An assessment is made of the observance of the rights of the victim in the exercise by the public prosecutor of the right to refuse to charge. The possible structure of the speech of the public prosecutor in the judicial debate when rejecting the charge is given. It is proposed to make some changes to the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation.