bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of thermal processing on phytochemical profile and cardiovascular protection of Beta vulgaris L. in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Mohsen Engy , Ezzat Marwa I. , Sallam Ibrahim E. , Zaafar Dalia , Gawish Aya Y. , Ahmed Yasmine H. , Elghandour Ahmed H. , Issa Marwa Y.
Published: November 2024

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is globally recognized for its outstanding color and flavor. It has been acknowledged for its therapeutic value since the ancient Romans. It is used to treat cardiovascular disorders. The therapeutic benefits of red beetroot are due to the substantial amounts of various bioactive metabolites, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, nitrates, phenolics, and betalains. However, the bioavailability and shelf life of these substances are significantly affected by the considerable variations in their processing methods among different countries. The longevity of the extracts is prolonged by employing well-established preservation techniques, such as boiling and steaming, which involve the application of heat. Our study aimed to analyze and compare the phytochemical composition of raw and heat processed beetroot using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. In addition, the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of processed beetroot in protecting against cardiovascular complications in a rat model of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of 51 compounds, including organic acids, flavonoids, phenolics, betanins, and saponins. All the extracts demonstrated a significant decline in MDA, TNF- α, and IL-6 levels, suppressed the TGF-β expression, and restored the serum catalase level to normal. Among all the tested extracts, the steamed extract exhibited the slightest percentage change in body weight (10.2 ± 6.4) and effectively lowered the TNF-α level to normal levels. In contrast, the normal histological structure of heart muscle fibers was notably preserved in the cardiac sections of rats pretreated with steamed and boiled beetroot extracts. Additionally, mild caspase-3 immunoreactivity was observed in the cardiac muscles. The current study demonstrated that the steamed beetroot extract showed improved cardioprotective properties compared to the fresh and boiled extracts.
An experimental investigation examining the usage of a hybrid nanofluid in an automobile radiator
Authors: Hassaan Amr M.
Published: November 2024

Several modifications have been made to the radiator’s dimensions and materials as part of the evolution of the automotive cooling cycle. Coolant is an important factor that greatly affects the efficiency of the cooling cycle. In applications involving heat transmission, nanofluids have become a viable possibility coolant. Two distinct types of nanoparticles floating in the base fluid make up the hybrid nanofluid, a newly invented class of nanofluids. Tests of hybrid nanofluids as a working fluid substitute for conventional fluids have been assisted by the current study. In the radiator of a 2005 Honda, the MWCNT–Al2O3/water nanofluid was tested at various volumetric concentrations (Φ) using a 50:50 mixing ratio. The outcomes of the experiments were compared with those obtained by using pure water. The radiator’s performance was evaluated by adjusting the fluid flow rate and operating the fluid at two distinct temperatures (60, 80 °C). The outcomes demonstrated that the convection heat transfer coefficient increased with a ratio reached 28.5% over the distilled water at the same temperature and flow rate. Both effectiveness and the Nusselt number had improved, coming in at 22.54% and 23.74%, respectively. Depending on the fluid concentration there is an increase in the pressure drop up to 24% than ordinary fluid. It discovered considerable agreement between the research outcomes by comparing them with earlier publications. An experimental correlation was inferred from the results to estimate the Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds number and (Φ).
Discovery of key molecular signatures for diagnosis and therapies of glioblastoma by combining supervised and unsupervised learning approaches
Authors: Sarker Arnob , Aziz Md. Abdul , Hossen Md. Bayazid , Mollah Md. Manir Hossain , Al-Amin  , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally. So, identifying potential molecular signatures and associated drug molecules are crucial for diagnosis and therapies of GBM. This study suggested GBM-causing ten key genes (ASPM, CCNB2, CDK1, AURKA, TOP2A, CHEK1, CDCA8, SMC4, MCM10, and RAD51AP1) from nine transcriptomics datasets by combining supervised and unsupervised learning results. Differential expression patterns of key genes (KGs) between GBM and control samples were verified by different independent databases. Gene regulatory network (GRN) detected some important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators for KGs. The KGs-set enrichment analysis unveiled some crucial GBM-causing molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components, and pathways. The DNA methylation analysis detected some hypo-methylated CpG sites that might stimulate the GBM development. From the immune infiltration analysis, we found that almost all KGs are associated with different immune cell infiltration levels. Finally, we recommended KGs-guided four repurposable drug molecules (Fluoxetine, Vatalanib, TGX221 and RO3306) against GBM through molecular docking, drug likeness, ADMET analyses and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Thus, the discoveries of this study could serve as valuable resources for wet-lab experiments in order to take a proper treatment plan against GBM.
Simulated misuse of large language models and clinical credit systems
Authors: Anibal James T. , Huth Hannah B. , Gunkel Jasmine , Gregurick Susan K. , Wood Bradford J.
Published: November 2024

In the future, large language models (LLMs) may enhance the delivery of healthcare, but there are risks of misuse. These methods may be trained to allocate resources via unjust criteria involving multimodal data - financial transactions, internet activity, social behaviors, and healthcare information. This study shows that LLMs may be biased in favor of collective/systemic benefit over the protection of individual rights and could facilitate AI-driven social credit systems.
Durability of carbon dioxide removal is critical for Paris climate goals
Authors: Brunner Cyril , Hausfather Zeke , Knutti Reto
Published: November 2024

Carbon Dioxide Removal is essential for achieving net zero emissions, as it is required to neutralize any residual CO2 emissions. The scientifically recognized definition of Carbon Dioxide Removal requires removed atmospheric CO2 to be stored “durably”; however, it remains unclear what is meant by durably, and interpretations have varied from decades to millennia. Using a reduced-complexity climate model, here we examined the effect of Carbon Dioxide Removal with varying CO2 storage durations. We found that storage duration substantially affects whether net zero emissions achieve the desired temperature outcomes. With a typical 100-year storage duration, net zero CO2 emissions with 6 GtCO2 per year residual emissions result in an additional warming of 0.8 °C by 2500 compared to permanent storage, thus putting the internationally agreed temperature limits at risk. Our findings suggest that a CO2 storage period of less than 1000 years is insufficient for neutralizing remaining fossil CO2 emissions under net zero emissions. These results reinforce the principle that credible neutralization claims using Carbon Dioxide Removal in a net zero framework require balancing emissions with removals of similar atmospheric residence time and storage reservoir, e.g., geological or biogenic.
A novel light-harvesting ZIF-9-TCPP as a promising FRET-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for sperm mobility
Authors: Li Yi-Xuan , Dai Yu-Xuan , Wang Ju-Zheng , Chauvin Jérome , Zhang Xue-Ji , Cosnier Serge , Marks Robert S. , Shan Dan
Published: November 2024

A reliable ratiometric fluorescence probe (ZIF-9-TCPP) based on FRET was designed for Zn2+ detection.
Tunable synthesis of magnetoelectric CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 core–shell nanowires
Authors: Ferson Noah D. , Ganiban John R. , Arnold David P. , Andrew Jennifer S.
Published: November 2024

CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 core–shell nanowires with tunable magnetic anisotropy and magnetoelectric coupling are generated using a template-assisted synthetic procedure providing composition control.
Fabrication of gelatin hydrogels using pre-coordinated lanthanide complexes via imine crosslinking
Authors: Yu Chen-Cheng , Hsu Yu Yun , Su Yu-Chia , Yang Yi-Chen , Wang Tzu-Ying , Yeh Yi-Cheun
Published: November 2024

Precoordinated lanthanide-containing complexes are used to crosslink polyethyleneimine-modified gelatin to form gelatin hydrogels through imine bond formation.
Boosting the electrochemical performance of the Ni-rich LiNi0.96Co0.02Mn0.02O2 cathode by high-valence Zr/Mo dual-doping
Authors: Cao Hongmei , Zhang Yudong , Zhou Xunzhu , Yu Jie , Chen Xiang , Li Lin
Published: November 2024

The Zr4+/Mo6+ dual-doped Ni-rich LiNi0.96Co0.02Mn0.02O2 cathode effectively alleviated the detrimental H2-H3 phase transformation and enhanced structural robustness, thereby delivering improved cycling stability and satisfactory rate performance.
Electrocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 by MIL-88-derived pod-like Fe7Se8/C nanomaterials under ambient conditions
Authors: Nie Gongyao , Zhang Huanhuan , Yi Lanhua , Ma Xiao , Yi Wei , Wan Jiawei , Lu Yebo , Wang Xingzhu
Published: November 2024

Pod-like Fe7Se8/C nanomaterials are an efficient electrocatalyst for the eNRR, achieving an average NH3 yield rate of 7.11 μg h−1 mgcat−1 with the corresponding average faradaic efficiency of 10.44% at −0.3 V vs. RHE under ambient conditions.
From one to two: in situ construction of C3N5-poly(triazine imide) heterojunction for enhanced O2 activation
Authors: Xu Shiling , Yang Ziheng , Zhang Laiqing , Zhang Xiaorui , Zeng Zikang , Wang Wenxuan , Liang Yujun , Yuan Lan , Han Chuang
Published: November 2024

In this work, we report a novel C3N5-poly(triazine imide) (PTI) heterojunction, which featured intimate S-scheme interface coupling and particularly good H2O2 production performance.
Recent advances in photochemical strain-release reactions of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Hu Ye , Huang Yao , Xiong Yang
Published: November 2024

Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes have beautiful conformations, distinctive properties, and novel reactivities. We summarize and highlight the recent advances of its photochemical strain-release reactions relying on SET or EnT strategies.
Zirconium metal–organic framework photocatalysis with TEMPO for blue light-powered aerobic sulfoxidation
Authors: Zeng Bing , Wang Yuexin , Xiong Kanghui , Zhang Keke , Zhang Siyu , Lang Xianjun
Published: November 2024

A catalytic amount of TEMPO, mobile in the reaction medium, enhances the hole transfer of NU-1003 photocatalysis for blue light-powered oxidation of organic sulfides with O2.
Endosomolytic peptides enable the cellular delivery of peptide nucleic acids
Authors: Giancola JoLynn B. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: November 2024

Precision genetic medicine enlists antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to bind to nucleic acid targets important for human disease.
Radical anions of 1,1-azoliumdithiocarboxylates
Authors: Luff M. S. , Oppel K. , Krummenacher I. , Braunschweig H. , Radius U.
Published: November 2024

The synthesis and characterization of main-group complexes of NHC and cAAC based carbene-CS2 radical mono-anions is reported.
Dissolution of caffeine crystals in a supercritical CO2–ethanol mixture: exploring an eco-friendly green solvent
Authors: Kumari Aarti , Saharay Moumita
Published: November 2024

Dissolution of caffeine crystal in supercritical CO2–ethanol mixture.
One-dimensional heterometallic Bi/Ag and Sb/Ag bromometalates(iii): structures, thermal stability and optical properties
Authors: Shentseva Irina A. , Usoltsev Andrey N. , Korobeynikov Nikita A. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: November 2024

Silver-containing heterometallic bromobismuthates(iii) (3-BrPyC3){[BiAgBr6]} (1), (ImC4){[BiAgBr6]} (2) and bromoantimonate (ImC4)3{[Sb3Ag2Br17]} (3) were synthesized.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding delineates the stability of non-canonical adenine base pairs: a first-principles study
Authors: Adu-Effah Nicholas , Saikia Nabanita
Published: November 2024

Non-canonical nucleobase pairs differ from canonical Watson–Crick (WC) pairs in their hydrogen bonding patterns.
Multi-scale study on the electrochemical behavior and corrosion mechanism of 5083 aluminum alloy with different microstructures in a NaCl environment
Authors: Dai Zhijie , Xiao Zhengbing , Zhao Dahong , Xiao Sunhang , Huang Yuanchun , Dai Qingsong
Published: November 2024

Multi-scale study on the electrochemical behavior and corrosion mechanism of 5083 aluminum alloy with different microstructures in a NaCl environment.
A comprehensive guide for accurate conformational energies of microsolvated Li+ clusters with organic carbonates
Authors: Otlyotov Arseniy A. , Moshchenkov Andrey D. , Rozov Timofey P. , Tuma Anna A. , Ryzhako Alexander S. , Minenkov Yury
Published: November 2024

A new database of conformational energies (semi-empirical, DFT and reference RI-SCS-MP2/CBS) of Li+ clusters with organic carbonates, LICARB806, is introduced. Representative low-energy conformers of these systems are determined.
High Chern number quantum anomalous Hall effect in monolayer Co3X3SSe (X = Sn, Pb) kagomes
Authors: Yin Xiang , Deng Li , Wang Fei , Wu Yanzhao , Tong Junwei , Zhang Xianmin
Published: November 2024

Two-dimensional stable kagome ferromagnets Co3Sn3SSe and Co3Pb3SSe can realize the QAHE with a high Chern number of |C| = 3, and present intriguing possibilities for advancing intrinsic high Chern number QAH devices.
Electronic relaxation pathways in thio-acridone and thio-coumarin: two heavy-atom-free photosensitizers absorbing visible light
Authors: Acquah Chris , Hoehn Sean , Krul Sarah , Jockusch Steffen , Yang Shudan , Seth Sourav Kanti , Lee Eric , Xiao Han , Crespo-Hernández Carlos E.
Published: November 2024

The excited state dynamics and photochemical properties of thio-coumarin and thio-acridone are investigated. The electronic relaxation mechanisms that give rise to the efficient population of long-lived and reactive triplet states is revealed.
Structural distortion driven polaronic transport and table-like magnetocaloric properties in polycrystalline Tb0.7Sr0.3MnO3 compound
Authors: Das Kalipada , Mazumdar Dipak , Das I.
Published: November 2024

This research explores the structural disorder induced change in the magnetic, magneto-transport, high-temperature polaronic transport, and magnetocaloric properties of a polycrystalline Tb0.7Sr0.3MnO3 compound.
Sapiential battery systems: beyond traditional electrochemical energy
Authors: Zhang Tongrui , Yu Jiangtao , Guo Haoyang , Qi Jianing , Che Meihong , Hou Machuan , Jiao Peixin , Zhang Ziheng , Yan Zhenhua , Zhou Limin , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: November 2024

This review delves into the study of sapiential battery systems, providing an overview of their pivotal features of high-throughput material screening, self-diagnosis, self-healing, self-charging, temperature adaptation, and degradability.
Lignin-based porous carbon adsorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Barker-Rothschild Daniel , Chen Jingqian , Wan Zhangmin , Renneckar Scott , Burgert Ingo , Ding Yong , Lu Yi , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: November 2024

This review covers the state-of-the-art in the production of lignin-based carbon adsorbents for CO2 capture, discussing lignin chemistry and properties, traditional synthesis approaches to emerging methods, and fundamentals for rational design.
Highly selective organo-gallium hydroxamate mediated inhibition of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Duffin Rebekah N. , Kelderman Jenisi T. A. , Herdman Megan E. , Andrews Philip C.
Published: November 2024

Homoleptic and heterolepic gallium hydroxamates have been synthesised and characterised. The heteroleptic organogallium based complexes exhibited nanomolar activity toward MDR K. pneumoniae, whilst the homoleptic remained inactive.
The preparation of CuM/SiO2 (M = Bi, Mg, Mn) catalysts applied in ethynylation of formaldehyde for 1,4-butynediol synthesis: the positive interface effect of CuO and Bi2O3
Authors: Chen Jiali , Yang Guihua , Gao Feng , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

The ethynylation of formaldehyde catalyzed by Cu-based catalysts is an important synthesis method for 1,4-butynediol relating to high-value-added chemicals.
A highly sensitive ratiometric optical thermometer based on a Sr2MgWO6 double perovskite doped with Dy3+ exploiting thermally coupled and uncoupled levels
Authors: Vu Thi Hong Quan , Bondzior Bartosz , Stefańska Dagmara , Dan Shovan , Dereń Przemysław Jacek
Published: November 2024

The temperature sensing capability of the Dy3+-doped Sr2MgWO6 double perovskite are fully exploited by utilizing both thermally coupled and non-coupled energy levels across a wide temperature range.
Pasteurization of mandarin juice by ohmic heating and evaluation of its shelf-life under refrigerated and ambient conditions
Authors: Basak Somnath , Thakur Piyush , Chakraborty Snehasis
Published: November 2024

Ohmic heating (200 V/30 s) produced a microbially safe (5 log reduction in natural microflora) and enzymatically stable (>99% inactivation of enzymes) mandarin juice.
Thermoelectric signature of d-orbitals in tripod-based molecular junctions
Authors: Al-Owaedi Oday A. , Najeeb Hussein Neama , Aldulaimi Ahmed Kareem Obaid , Alwan Nathera Hussin , Ali Mohammed Shnain , Dwech Majed H. , AL-Da’amy Muneer A.
Published: November 2024

The use of tripod templates and the incorporation of transition metals as metal centres would significantly enhance the electronic and thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions, making them promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Controlling ligand density and viscoelasticity in synthetic biomimetic polyisocyanide hydrogels for studying cell behaviours: the key to truly biomimetic hydrogels
Authors: Westra van Holthe Nicholas J. , Wang Zhao , Lauko Jan , Gilbert Elliot P. , Gangasandra Vishaak , Rowan Alan E.
Published: November 2024

Integrin-binding peptide addition and density effects bundling and mechanical properties of polyisocyanide-based hydrogels influencing strain stiffening responsiveness, viscoelasticity, stiffness, matrix architecture and cellular behaviours in 3D.
Correction: Cu(i) diimine complexes as immobilised antibacterial photosensitisers operating in water under visible light
Authors: Appleby Martin V. , Walker Peter G. , Pritchard Dylan , van Meurs Sandra , Booth Carly M. , Robertson Craig , Ward Michael D. , Kelly David J. , Weinstein Julia A.
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Cu(i) diimine complexes as immobilised antibacterial photosensitisers operating in water under visible light’ by Martin V. Appleby et al., Mater. Adv., 2020, 1, 3417–3427, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00642D.
Ternary zinc–tin-oxide nanoparticles modified by magnesium ions as a visible-light-active photocatalyst with highly strong antibacterial activity
Authors: Kamo Alaa , Ates Sonmezoglu Ozlem , Sonmezoglu Savas
Published: November 2024

This research not only provides a novel strategy for developing ternary magnesium-doped zinc–tin-oxide photocatalysts, but also unveils their potential in healthcare and environmental applications for future commercialization.
2-Azidoazirines suitable for click chemistry: synthesis of 1-(2H-azirin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Golubev Artem A. , Simdianov Ivan V. , Smetanin Ilia A. , Agafonova Anastasiya V. , Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Novikov Mikhail S.
Published: November 2024

The cascade SN2′ substitution of bromine in alkyl 2-bromo-2H-azirine-2 carboxylates is an efficient method for the preparation of stable 2-azidoazirines, which can be used for the synthesis of 1-(azirin-2-yl)-1,2,3-triazoles by click chemistry.
Mitochondria targeting combined with methyl modification of novel resveratrol derivatives enhances anti-tumor activity
Authors: Wang Jiang-Nan , Chen Mei-Nuo , Gao Chang , Yue Yi-Zhuo , Wang Zi-Yan , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Kang Yan-Fei , Xin Zhen-Hui
Published: November 2024

Mitochondria-targeting compound A4 exerts the excellent anticancer activity by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.
Synthesis of polyprodrug based on cytarabine for cancer therapy
Authors: Duan Xiao , Wang Qiang , Zhang Ge , Li Zhifang , Bai Yang , Zheng Jinping
Published: November 2024

Chemotherapeutic agents always produce severe side effects in clinic settings.
Retraction: Highly sensitive cadmium sulphide quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for estimation of doripenem in real human plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ali Marwa F. B. , Salman Baher I. , Hussein Samiha A. , Marzouq Mostafa A.
Published: November 2024

Retraction of ‘Highly sensitive cadmium sulphide quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for estimation of doripenem in real human plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study’ by Marwa F. B. Ali et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 44058–44065, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA07960J.
‘Seeing’ chemistry: investigating the contribution of mental imagery strength on students’ thinking in relation to visuospatial problem solving in chemistry
Authors: Baade Lauren , Kartsonaki Effie , Khosravi Hassan , Lawrie Gwendolyn A.
Published: November 2024

Effective learning in chemistry education requires students to understand visual representations across multiple conceptual levels. Essential to this process are visuospatial skills which enable students to interpret and manipulate these representations effectively. These abilities allow students to construct mental models that support problem solving and decision making, improving their understanding of complex concepts, for example chemical structures and reactions. The impact of individual differences in mental imagery, such as aphantasia and hyperphantasia, on chemistry students’ spatial thinking when engaging with visual representations is not well understood. This paper presents two exploratory studies that examine how the vividness of mental imagery is related to student outcomes in chemistry-related visuospatial problem solving. The first study quantitatively assessed the performance of first-year university students in tasks requiring complex visual and spatial reasoning within a chemistry context. The second study, involving the same participants, used qualitative interview data to investigate their cognitive strategies with a focus on how their mental imagery impacts their problem-solving approaches. Preliminary results suggest that the vividness of students’ visual mental imagery did not significantly impact their ability to spatially reason with visual representations in chemistry. Our findings also indicate that students with aphantasia may employ alternative strategies that mitigate their lack of visual mental imagery. This paper highlights the need for further research into the diversity of cognitive mechanisms employed by chemistry students of varying mental imagery capabilities.
Correction: Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnZrOx catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: the effect of pH on structure and activity
Authors: Rakngam Issaraporn , Alves Gustavo A. S. , Osakoo Nattawut , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Konegger Thomas , Föttinger Karin
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnZrOx catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol: the effect of pH on structure and activity’ by Issaraporn Rakngam et al., RSC Sustain., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00522h.
Validating the Influences of Methodological Decisions on Assessing the Spatiotemporal Stability of Speech Movement Sequences Using Children's Speech Data
Authors: Wisler Alan , Teplansky Kristin , Berlin Janna , Wang Jun , Goffman Lisa
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Prior research introduced quantifiable effects of three methodological parameters (number of repetitions, stimulus length, and parsing error) on the spatiotemporal index (STI) using simulated data. Critically, these parameters often vary across studies. In this study, we validate these effects, which were previously only demonstrated via simulation, using children's speech data.

Method:

Kinematic data were collected from 30 typically developing children and 15 children with developmental language disorder, all spanning the ages of 6–8 years. All children repeated the sentence “buy Bobby a puppy” multiple times. Using these data, experiments were designed to mirror the previous simulated experiments as closely as possible to assess the effects of analytic decisions on the STI. Experiment 1 manipulated number of repetitions, Experiment 2 manipulated stimulus length (or the number of movement units in the target phrase), and Experiment 3 manipulated precision of parsing of the articulatory trajectories.

Results:

The findings of all three experiments closely mirror those of the prior simulation. Experiment 1 showed consistent underestimation of STI values from smaller repetition counts consistent with the theoretical model for all three participant groups. Experiment 2 found speech segments containing fewer movements yield lower STI values than longer ones. Finally, Experiment 3 showed even small parsing errors are found to significantly increase measured STI values.

Conclusions:

The results of this study are consistent with the findings of prior simulations in showing that the number of repetitions, length of stimuli, and amount of parsing error can all strongly influence the STI independent of behavioral factors. These results further confirm the importance of closely considering the design of experiments, which employ the STI.
Professional Identity in Speech-Language Pathology Students
Authors: Daughrity Belinda , Sun Lei , Fitzgerald Anita , Konrad Sharon
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Professional identity (PI) serves to aid preprofessionals by contributing to a sense of purpose as students pursue their academic requirements. The importance of PI has been explored across other allied health fields including nursing, social work, and medicine. However, this topic has not been thoroughly investigated in communication sciences and disorders (CSD), and there is limited information on perceptions of PI among CSD students.

Method:

The current study is a secondary analysis of existing data. An adapted version of the PI Five-Factor Scale was administered via an anonymous online survey. Student participants self-reported perceptions of PI and perceived program support. Differences on the factors were tested using
t
tests and analysis of variance to explore differences between groups.

Results:

Significant differences were found between monolingual and multilingual students, with monolingual English-speaking students reporting higher perceptions of PI. There were no significant differences in PI between genders, racial groups, or first-generation students versus students of parents with varying educational backgrounds. Participant responses skewed toward a positive PI. Similar results were found for participants' perceptions of program support for PI across the five factors.

Conclusions:

PI has been extensively explored in allied health fields, but the topic has not been explored in speech-language pathology. Study findings can be used to help better serve students, particularly those from underrepresented groups. These data can support the recruitment and retention of culturally and linguistically diverse students with goals to increase the diversity of the pipeline of future professionals.
X-ray phase-contrast imaging of strong shocks on OMEGA EP
Authors: Antonelli L. , Theobald W. , Barbato F. , Atzeni S. , Batani D. , Betti R. , Bouffetier V. , Casner A. , Ceurvorst L. , Cao D. , Ruby J. J. , Glize K. , Goudal T. , Kar A. , Khan M. , Dearling A. , Koenig M. , Nilson P. M. , Scott R. H. H. , Turianska O. , Wei M. , Woolsey N. C.
Published: November 2024

The ongoing improvement in laser technology and target fabrication is opening new possibilities for diagnostic development. An example is x-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI), which serves as an advanced x-ray imaging diagnostic in laser-driven experiments. In this work, we present the results of the XPCI platform that was developed at the OMEGA EP Laser-Facility to study multi-Mbar single and double shocks produced using a kilojoule laser driver. Two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations agree well with the shock progression and the spherical curvature of the shock fronts. It is demonstrated that XPCI is an excellent method to determine with high accuracy the front position of a trailing shock wave propagating through an expanding CH plasma that was heated by a precursor Mbar shock wave. The interaction between the rarefaction wave and the shock wave results in a clear signature in the radiograph that is well reproduced by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations.
Design of an atomic layer deposition system with in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction
Authors: Howzen Alexandra J. , Caspar Justin , Oztekin Alparslan , Strandwitz Nicholas C.
Published: November 2024

We report the design, fabrication, and testing of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system that is capable of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) in a single chamber. The details and specifications of the system are described and include capabilities of RHEED at varied accelerating voltages, sample rotation (azimuthal) control, sample height control, sample heating up to set temperatures of 1050 °C, and either single- or dual-differential pumping designs. Thermal and flow simulations were used to justify selected system dimensions as well as carrier gas/precursor mass flow rates. Temperature calibration was conducted to determine actual sample temperatures that are necessary for meaningful analysis of thermally induced transitions in ALD thin films. Several demonstrations of RHEED in the system are described. Calibration of the camera length was conducted using a gold thin film by analyzing RHEED images. Finally, RHEED conducted at a series of increasing temperatures was used to monitor the crystallization of an ALD HfO2 thin film. The crystallization temperature and the ring pattern were consistent with the monoclinic structure as determined by separate x-ray diffraction-based measurements.
On temperature of a diamond
Authors: Mistry Ravi , Pinzul Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

We revisit the definition of the temperature of a causal diamond for the case of a free massless scalar field. The stress is given to the intrinsic, direction-dependent character of this definition. Some important limits are also discussed.
High-speed optical-waveguide integrated single-walled carbon nanotube bolometer
Authors: An P. P. , Kovalyuk V. V. , Gladush Y. G. , Golikov A. D. , Semenov A. V. , Komrakova S. A. , Ozhegov R. V. , Mkrtchyan A. A. , Krasnikov D. V. , Nasibulin A. G. , Goltsman G. N.
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and their applications in various fields of science and technology requires the creation of easy-to-manufacture high-speed integrated detectors. In this work, we fabricated and studied planar waveguide-integrated bolometers based on a thin film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the silicon nitride platform. This bolometer showed good internal responsivity and a high bandwidth >1 GHz. In-depth analysis allowed us to retrieve the main parameters of the SWCNT film that govern the bolometric response that can be difficult to measure directly. The results obtained show a promising prospect of using SWCNT bolometers for PIC applications.
Performance of superconducting resonators suspended on SiN membranes
Authors: Chistolini Trevor , Lee Kyunghoon , Banerjee Archan , Alghadeer Mohammed , Jünger Christian , Altoé M. Virginia P. , Song Chengyu , Chen Sudi , Wang Feng , Santiago David I. , Siddiqi Irfan
Published: November 2024

Suspending devices on thin SiN membranes can limit their interaction with the bulk substrate and reduce parasitic capacitance to ground. While suspending devices on membranes are used in many fields including radiation detection using superconducting circuits, there has been less investigation into maximum membrane aspect ratios and achievable suspended device quality, metrics important to establish the applicable scope of the technique. Here, we investigate these metrics by fabricating superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators entirely atop thin (∼110 nm) SiN membranes, where the membrane's shortest length to thickness yields an aspect ratio of approximately 7.4×103. We compare these membrane resonators to on-substrate resonators on the same chip, finding similar internal quality factors ∼105 at single photon levels. Furthermore, we confirm that these membranes do not adversely affect resonator thermalization and conduct further materials characterization. By achieving high quality superconducting circuit devices fully suspended on thin SiN membranes, our results help expand the technique's scope to potential uses including incorporating higher aspect ratio membranes for device suspension and creating larger footprint, high impedance, and high quality devices.
Extremely weak sub-kelvin electron–phonon coupling in InAs on Insulator
Authors: Battisti Sebastiano , De Simoni Giorgio , Braggio Alessandro , Paghi Alessandro , Sorba Lucia , Giazotto Francesco
Published: November 2024

We are proposing, as an ideal candidate for caloritronic devices operating at subkelvin temperatures, a hybrid superconductor–semiconductor platform named InAs on insulator (InAsOI). This heterostructure is made by doped InAs grown on an insulating buffer of InAlAs on a GaAs substrate. Caloritronic devices aim to heat or cool electrons out of equilibrium with respect to the phonon degree of freedom. However, their performance is usually limited by the strength of the electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling and the associated power loss. Our work discusses the advantages of the InAsOI platform, which are based on the significantly low e–ph coupling measured compared to all-metallic state-of-the-art caloritronic devices. Our structure demonstrates values of the e–ph coupling constant up to two orders of magnitude smaller than typical values in metallic structures.
Electrothermal therapy for the in vivo elimination of circulating tumor cells by using a functionalized injection needle
Authors: Zhang Bingqi , Wang Fengting , Kong Xiangtian , Zhang Xiaoyao , Chen Tongsheng , Li Xinlei
Published: November 2024

The elimination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has recently emerged as a reliable route to inhibit metastasis of cancer. Despite some progress of photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT), their unsatisfying efficacy or difficult operation has limited their clinical application. Herein, inspired by an immersion heater, an electrothermal therapy (ETT) strategy for the elimination of CTCs in the peripheral blood was proposed by using a functionalized injection needle. CTCs can be captured by the nanostructured surface of the injection needle and then killed in the energized state due to the temperature increase caused by electrothermal conversion. ETT not only avoids the irradiation through an external light source but also controls the temperature of the needle more easily and accurately than PTT. Thus, this study proposes a more applicable strategy for the elimination of CTCs.
Frequency-domain instrument with custom ASIC for dual-slope near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kılıç Alper , Blaney Giles , Tavakoli Fatemeh , Frias Jodee , Sassaroli Angelo , Fantini Sergio , Koomson Valencia
Published: November 2024

Real-time and non-invasive measurements of tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) are invaluable for research and clinical use. Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) enables non-invasive measurement of these chromophore concentrations in human tissue. We present a small form factor, dual-wavelength, miniaturized FD-NIRS instrument for absolute optical measurements, built around a custom application-specific integrated circuit and a dual-slope/self-calibrating (DS/SC) probe. The modulation frequency is 55 MHz, and the heterodyning technique was used for intensity and phase readout, with an acquisition rate of 0.7 Hz. The instrument consists of a 14 × 17 cm2 printed circuit board (PCB), a Raspberry Pi 4, an STM32G491 microcontroller, and the DS/SC probe. The DS/SC approach enables this instrument to be selective to deeper tissue and conduct absolute measurements without calibration. The instrument was initially validated using a tissue-mimicking solid phantom, and upon confirming its suitability for in vivo, a vascular occlusion experiment on a human subject was conducted. For the phantom experiments, an average of 0.08° phase noise and 0.10% standard deviation over the mean for the intensities was measured at a source–detector distance of 35 mm. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients had average precisions (variation of measurement over time) of 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively, on a window of ten frames. Results from the in vivo experiment yielded the expected increase in HbO2 and HbR concentration for all measurement types tested, namely SC, DS intensity, and DS phase.
Design and experiment of an inverse magnetron injection gun for a Ka-band gyro-TWT with non-superconducting magnet
Authors: Dai Boxin , Yao Yelei , Jiang Wei , Han Binyang , Lu Chaoxuan , Liu Guo , Wu Zewei , Dai Xinge , Chen Jinhuan , Wang Jianxun , Luo Yong
Published: November 2024

A triode inverse magnetron injection gun (IMIG) for a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) with non-superconducting magnet is proposed in this paper. Nowadays, the applications of gyro-TWT are intended to expand to moveable and fast-startup systems, so room-temperature magnet and system miniaturization are necessary. For a Ka-band gyro-TWT, to adapt to a room-temperature magnet with 20 mm bore radius, the IMIG form is adopted. Compared with conventional MIG, the gun maximum radius is reduced by 44%. On one hand, a curved emitter and cathode steps are utilized for better beam quality. On the other hand, isolation gaps and a cooling structure are designed to suppress stray electrons. A velocity ratio of 1.14 and a transverse velocity spread of 2.43% are obtained finally. The stray electrons are analyzed, and the IMIG tolerance is also evaluated. Finally, the cathode is fabricated, and its surface morphology is tested. It is then assembled into a gun shell, and the cathode temperatures are measured under both no cooling and cooling conditions. When the temperature of the emitter reaches 1050 °C, the heat powers are 84 and 115 W, respectively. The temperatures of the inner and outer electrodes are low enough to reduce the proportion of stray electrons.
An “ultimate” coupled cluster method based entirely on T2
Authors: Windom Zachary W. , Perera Ajith , Bartlett Rodney J.
Published: November 2024

Electronic structure methods built around double-electron excitations have a rich history in quantum chemistry. However, it seems to be the case that such methods are only suitable in particular situations and are not naturally equipped to simultaneously handle the variety of electron correlations that might be present in chemical systems. To this end, the current work seeks a computationally efficient, low-rank, “ultimate” coupled cluster method based exclusively on T2 and its products that can effectively emulate more “complete” methods that explicitly consider higher-rank, T2m, operators. We introduce a hierarchy of methods designed to systematically account for higher, even order cluster operators, such as T4, T6, …, T2m, by invoking tenets of the factorization theorem of many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) and expectation-value coupled cluster theory. It is shown that each member within this methodological hierarchy is defined such that both the wavefunction and energy are correct through some order in MBPT and can be extended up to arbitrarily high orders in T2. The efficacy of such approximations are determined by studying the potential energy surface of several closed and open-shell molecules. We find that the proposed hierarchy of augmented T2 methods essentially reduces to standard CCD for problems where dynamic electron correlations dominate but offer improvements in situations where non-dynamic and static correlations become relevant. A notable highlight of this work is that the cheapest methods in this hierarchy—which are correct through fifth-order in MBPT—consistently emulate the behavior of the O(N10) CCDQ method, yet only require a O(N6) algorithm by virtue of factorized intermediates.
Non-destructive characterization of individual particle bunches by a resistive-cooling measurement in a Penning trap
Authors: Kiffer Markus , Ringleb Stefan , Stöhlker Thomas , Vogel Manuel
Published: November 2024

We have developed and operated an electronic system for the non-destructive detection and cooling of charged-particle bunches that are captured and confined in a Penning trap, together with methods for the evaluation of corresponding measurements that allow for a detailed characterization of each individual particle bunch. Once calibrated, from a single measurement of the particles’ induced electronic signal as a function of time directly upon capture, the setup and method allow for a fast determination of the initial and final absolute particle energies, of the cooling rate, and of the absolute number of particles in the bunch. We demonstrate this with highly charged ions (Ne8+) that are injected into the Penning trap of the HILITE experiment.
Collective molecular-scale carbonation path in aqueous solutions with sufficient structural sampling: From CO2 to CaCO3
Authors: Zhu Xinping , Dupuis Romain , Pellenq Roland J.-M. , Ioannidou Katerina
Published: November 2024

The carbonation reaction is essential in the global carbon cycle and in the carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. In oceans (pH 8.1) or in synthetic materials such as cement or geopolymers (pH over 12), the basic pH conditions affect the reaction rate of carbonation. However, the precipitation of calcium or magnesium carbonates acidifies the environment and, therefore, limits further CO2 capture. Here, we investigate how pH influences carbonation pathways in neutral and basic solutions at the atomic scale using reactive molecular simulations coupled with enhanced sampling methods from CO2 to calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Two distinct CO2 conversion pathways are identified: (1) CO2 hydration: CO2+H2O⇌H2CO3⇌HCO3−+H+⇌CO32−+2H+ and (2) CO2 hydroxylation: CO2+OH−⇌HCO3−⇌CO32−+H+. The CO2 hydration pathway occurs in both neutral and basic aqueous solutions, but reactions differ significantly between the two pH conditions. The formation of the CO32− is characterized by a markedly high free energy barrier in the neutral solution. The CO2 hydroxylation pathway is only found in basic solutions. Notably, the CO2 molecule exhibits a pronounced energetic preference for reacting with hydroxide ions (OH−) rather than with water molecules, resulting in significantly reduced free energy barriers along the CO2 hydroxylation pathway. The reaction rate estimation suggests that the CO2 hydroxylation path is the most favorable carbonation pathway in the basic solution. Once the CO32− anion is formed in the presence of alkali-earth (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) cations, carbonate formation can proceed.
Simultaneous laser polishing and N-doping of niobium
Authors: Brockner Florian , Lützenkirchen-Hecht Dirk
Published: November 2024

Superconducting niobium is the base material for many modern particle accelerators. The high cleanliness requirements in all radio frequency superconductor technology have led to the development of complex cleaning processes in recent decades. High-pressure rinsing, heating processes under vacuum and gas atmospheres as well as chemical and electrochemical polishing are commonly applied procedures, that are required to obtain the properties needed for their application. In order to optimize the surface finish of Nb materials in a more environment-compatible way, i.e., with less energy consumption and avoiding hazardous liquids, we report on a combination of simultaneous N-doping and laser polishing here. A nanosecond laser was employed, and the prepared Nb surfaces were investigated with a combination of electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX), optical profilometry, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) to show the effect of different N2-pressures during the laser polishing procedure in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The results show that for N2-pressures above ca. 10−3 mbar, traces of nitrogen can be observed by both EDX and EXAFS. In parallel, a smoothing of the surfaces occur, with slightly different roughnesses and microstructures of the polycrystalline Nb surfaces depending on the N2-pressure.
Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency based laser lock to Zeeman sublevels with 0.6 GHz scanning range
Authors: Vylegzhanin Alexey , Nic Chormaic Síle , Brown Dylan J.
Published: November 2024

We propose a technique for frequency locking a laser to the Zeeman sublevel transitions between the 5P3/2 intermediate and 32D5/2 Rydberg states in 87Rb. This method allows for continuous frequency tuning over 0.6 GHz by varying an applied external magnetic field. In the presence of the applied field, the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum of an atomic vapor splits via the Zeeman effect according to the strength of the magnetic field and the polarization of the pump and probe lasers. We show that the 480 nm pump laser, responsible for transitions between the Zeeman sublevels of the intermediate state and the Rydberg state, can be locked to the Zeeman-split EIT peaks. The short-term frequency stability of the laser lock is 0.15 MHz, and the long-term stability is within 0.5 MHz. The linewidth of the laser lock is ∼0.8 and ∼1.8 MHz in the presence and absence of the external magnetic field, respectively. In addition, we show that in the absence of an applied magnetic field and adequate shielding, the frequency shift of the lock point has a peak-to-peak variation of 1.6 MHz depending on the polarization of the pump field, while when locked to Zeeman sublevels, this variation is reduced to 0.6 MHz. The proposed technique is useful for research involving Rydberg atoms, where large continuous tuning of the laser frequency with stable locking is required.
Semi-analytical modeling AC loss of a flat stack of Y-Ba-Cu-O tapes
Authors: Panasyuk George Y. , Ebbing Charles R. , Murphy John P. , Gheorghiu Nadina , Sumption Mike D. , Haugan Timothy J.
Published: November 2024

We propose semi-analytical models to compute alternating current (AC) power loss in a stack of N high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x (or Y–Ba–Cu–O) tapes subjected to a time-varying magnetic field perpendicular to the tapes with zero transport current. The models take into account screening of the interior superconducting tapes of the stack from the external magnetic field. We validate the results by experiments carried out at temperature T=77.2K under an applied magnetic field with the amplitude of its induction Bext=0.57T and frequencies up to 110 Hz. As follows from our models, the AC loss per tape in stacks of N tapes decreases with N in agreement with experiments. The approach is extended to compute the AC loss for lower temperatures, larger magnetic fields strengths, and for frequencies up to several kHz. These studies are important for understanding and predicting the AC loss for contemporary motors and generators.