bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The activity of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed extract containing catechin as a skin lightening agent
Authors: Laksmiani Ni Putu Linda , Sanjaya I Komang N. , Leliqia Ni Putu E.
Published: February 2024

Context: Indonesia is a tropical country with high UV rays. UV rays can increase melanin synthesis in the skin and cause the skin to become darker and hyperpigmented. One way to overcome this problem is the use of skin lightening agents through the mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition. Flavonoids have antioxidant activity and inhibit the process of melanogenesis. Also, avocado seeds contain secondary metabolites of flavonoids in the form of catechin. Aims: To determine the potential and activity of catechin as skin lightening agent against the target protein, tyrosinase, by in silico test using molecular docking method and in vitro test compared to kojic acid. Methods: In silico assay was carry out using a computational method with autodock 4.2 program to demonstrate the affinity of active compound (catechin) with tyrosinase as the target protein by evaluating the binding energy value. Inhibition of tyrosinase is one way to inhibit the formation of melanin, so the skin becomes brighter. Spectrophotometry method was conducted to measure the absorbance of dopachrome and calculate the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition to be altered as IC50. Results: The energy values ​​of catechin and kojic acid in tyrosinase enzymes were -7.64 kcal/mol and -5.03 kcal/mol, respectively. The energy value of the catechin bond was smaller than kojic acid in the tyrosinase. The bond energy value showed that catechin had greater potential than kojic acid as a skin lightening agent by inhibiting tyrosinase in silico using the molecular docking method. The IC50 value from ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds disrupt the tyrosinase using the in vitro test was 93.02 ± 1.98 mg/mL, while IC50 kojic acid was 48.67 ± 0.1 mg/mL. Conclusions: Avocado seeds extract containing catechin has a potential activity as a lightening agent by inhibiting the tyrosinase. Further research must be done to fractionation the extract to get a significant effect.
Protective effect of Cupressus macrocarpa and Dioon edule against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Ashmawy Ghada Mohammad , El-Sherbeni Suzy Abd El-Hakeem
Published: February 2024

Context: It has been reported that Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon (Cupressaceae) and Dioon edule Lindl. (Zamiaceae) contain compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; therefore, they may exert a nephroprotective effect. Aims: To explore the renoprotective effect of C. macrocarpa and D. edule and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Ten male Wister rats were used for each group of control (1% CMC in saline), gentamicin (GM, 40 mg/kg), D. edule leaves methanol extract (DLM), C. macrocarpa leaves combined petroleum ether and methanol extract (CLEM) and C. macrocarpa roots methanol extract (CRM). Rats were orally administered the extracts (250 mg/kg) daily concomitantly for 9 days with GM. Evaluation of kidney function, histopathology and measuring renal AMPK-α1, NF-κB and iNOS genes expression were carried out. There were no symptoms of systemic adverse effects in any treated group. Results: Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) was significantly reduced by CLEM (24.0 ± 1.205) and CRM (22.889 ± 1.250). Creatinine (mg/dL) was significantly decreased by CLEM (0.59 ± 0.022) and CRM (0.580 ± 0.029). Gene expression of AMPK-α1 enhanced by CLEM (16.717 ± 0.430), CRM (19.18 ± 0.871), DLM (0.417 ± 0.020). iNOS was downregulated by CLEM (0.9 ± 0.056), CRM (1.53 ± 0.044), and DLM (1.642 ± 0.050). NF-κB was decreased by CLEM (1.148 ± 0.076), CRM (0.918 ± 0.065), and DLM (1.783 ± 0.071). CRM and CLEM exhibited normal to mild renal degeneration and mild to moderate expression of iNOS. Conclusions: C. macrocarpa extracts exhibited significant renoprotective effect and could be considered as a new promising strategy against renal complications.
Saponins from the rhizomes of Chamaecostus subsessilis and their cytotoxic activity against HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Pessoa de Siqueira Ezequias , Soares Braga Ana Carolina , Galligani Fernando , de Souza-Fagundes Elaine Maria , Barros Cota Betania
Published: February 2024

Context: Species of the Costaceae family have been traditionally used for the treatment of infections, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Chamaecostus subsessilis (Nees & Mart.) C. D. Specht & D.W. Stev. (Costaceae) is a native medicinal plant with distribution in the Cerrado forest ecosystem of Central Brazil. In our previous work, the antitumor potential of the chloroform fraction (CHCl3 Fr) from rhizomes ethanol extract (REEX) of C. subsessilis was determined against a series of tumor cell lines (HL60, Jurkat, MDA-MB231, MCF-7, HTC-116 and THP-1) using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Aims: To isolate and identify the cytotoxic compounds present in CHCl3 Fr from REEX of C. subsessilis. Methods: The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation of the CHCl3 Fr was performed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (prep-TLC). The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) and human embryonic renal non-tumor cell lineage (HEK-293) by MTT assay. Results: Dioscin and gracillin were identified as active compounds from CHCl3 Fr from REEX of C. subsessilis. They showed IC50 values of 5.3 µM and 14.0 µM, respectively, against HL60 cells, but they did not demonstrate selectivity compared to HEK-293 cells. Conclusions: These results corroborate with the popular use of species of the Costaceae family as a source of antitumor agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these saponins are isolated from this species.
Phenolic-rich green tea extract increases the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against Staphylococcus aureus by in vitro and ex vivo studies
Authors: Sartini Sartini , Djide M. Natsir , Amir Muhammad Nur , Permana Andi Dian
Published: February 2024

Context: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a significant challenge in health problems. Aims: To investigate synergistic properties of green tea extract that can potentially enhance the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro and ex vivo. Methods: Green tea coarse powder was extracted by distilled water using high-pressure extraction. The total of phenolic and tannin contents was determined using spectrophotometry, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content was analyzed using Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against MRSA was determined using a microdilution assay. Antibacterial assay of the combination of the extract and amoxicillin was performed using employing-checkerboard microdilution and agar diffusion assays. Results: The results exhibited that the green tea extract (GTE) contained total phenolic content of 545.6 ± 4.7 mg GAE/g extract; total tannin content of 356.6 ± 4.1 mg EGCG equivalent /g extract and EGCG of 221.1 ± 11.6 mg/g extract. The MICs combinatorial of GTE and ¼ MIC of amoxicillin was 75 µg/mL. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index value was 0.28, indicating that there was a synergy effect between amoxicillin and green tea extract. Essentially, the inhibitory zone diameter obtained by amoxicillin combined with ¼ MIC of GTE was two-fold than the zone produced by only amoxicillin. Although not significant, in ex vivo study, this combination was able to enhance the antibacterial activity of rat’s plasma against MRSA in vivo after the oral administration of GTE and amoxicillin. Conclusions: The results presented here serve as proof of concept for the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of synthetic antibiotics when combined with a natural product.
Bioactivity-directed isolation of antisickling compounds from Cnidoscolus acontifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst leaf extract
Authors: Cyril-Olutayo Mojisola C. , Adeyemo Temitope A. , Oriola Ayodeji O. , Agbedahunsi Joseph M.
Published: February 2024

Context: There is continuous search for therapeutic agents from indigenous plants that can be employed in the treatment of sickle cell anemia. Aims: To evaluate the antisickling potential of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract, determine the most active fraction, and isolate the putative compounds. Methods: Oven dried leaves of C. aconitifolius (CA) were extracted by maceration in ethanol for 72 h. The extract was fractionated into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The crude CA extract and fractions were subjected to inhibitory and reversal antisickling assays at 0.25-4.00 mg/mL concentration range. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the most active fraction was done on repeated silica gel column chromatography, followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography, and their analyses on thin-layer chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods of 1H- and 13C- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, COSY, HMBC, HSQC, and LC-MS. Results: The results showed that CA had 80.4 ± 0.15% inhibitory and 56.0 ± 2.90% reversal effects at 4 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction gave significantly higher (p<0.05) inhibitory (68.0 ± 4.32%) and reversal (61.4 ± 6.2%) activities at 4 mg/mL than the other VLC fractions. The positive control Ciklavit® had 59.8 ± 0.3% inhibitory and 56.6 ± 0.2% reversal properties. Two compounds, T1 and T2 were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified as tetramethyl bicosahydropicen-3-ol and 5β-pregnane, respectively. Compound T1 demonstrated an inhibitory effect of 83.6 ± 0.11%. Conclusions: The study concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract of C. aconitifolius has the highest antisickling property and identified tetramethylbicosahydropicen-3-ol as a potential antisickling agent.
Validation and clinical application of a spectrophotometric technique for the determination of potassium bromide in canine serum for the control of epilepsy
Authors: Robaina Diego , Bentancur Victoria , Feijóo Gimena , Damián Juan Pablo , Suárez Gonzalo
Published: February 2024

Context: In canine patients with epilepsy, for therapeutic monitoring of seizure control by administration of potassium bromide (KBr), a validated analytical methodology is required for the quantification of serum bromide concentrations (Br-). Aims: To validate a spectrophotometric technique for the determination of serum Br- concentrations and test the applicability in the therapeutic monitoring of epilepsy in canines. Methods: We started from a serum matrix of 6 companion canines, clinically healthy and with no history of having been medicated with KBr or another drug in the last 6 months. The samples were quantified by spectrophotometry (wavelength 440 nm) at concentrations of 0, 150, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 µg/mL of KBr, in three independent repetitions. The analytical method evaluated the parameters of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and absolute recovery. Results: Linearity was checked for the range of 150 to 3000 µg/mL (R2 > 0.99), with accuracy and precision values of 97.3% and 9.4%, respectively. The detection limit was established at 96 µg/mL and the quantification limit at 150 µg/mL of KBr. The absolute recovery of the test reached 98.4%. The values obtained for the different parameters analyzed validate the technique in the concentration range of 150 µg/mL to 3000 µg/mL, which meet the internationally established acceptance criteria. Conclusions: The paraclinical results obtained by applying the technique in KBr-medicated epileptic canines support the validation of the technique and the therapeutic monitoring in the control of epilepsy.
Comparative study of two Lotus species: Phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. M. , EL-Swaify Zeinb A. S. , Maaty Doaa A. M. , Youssef Mohamed M.
Published: February 2024

Context: Phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in Lotus arabicus and L. glaber have not been identified yet. Also, no reports are demonstrating the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of both lotus species. Therefore, it is interesting to study the anticancer effects and antioxidant capacity of them. Aims: To identify and evaluate the potential cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of methanol extracts of two Lotus species. Methods: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify the potential compounds of the methanol extracts of both Lotus species. The cytotoxic activity of each methanol extract of the Lotus arabicus and L. glaber was investigated against seven cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The cell viability was quantitated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was estimated and compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of them was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPHH) assay, and the scavenging percentage was calculated and compared with ascorbic acid. Results: The identified and quantitated phenolic compounds of the methanol extracts of both Lotus species were 17 phenolic acids and 16 flavonoids. The results showed that the active constituents of L. arabicus had cytotoxic activities against prostate cancer (IC50 = 401 ± 5 µg/mL), colon cancer (IC50 = 511 ± 181 µg/mL) and breast cancer (IC50 = 978 ± 54 µg/mL) greater than L. glaber which showed cytotoxic activities against prostate cancer (IC50 = 5094 ± 531 µg/mL), colon cancer (IC50 = 6522 ± 272 µg/mL) and breast cancer (IC50 = 2964 ± 404 µg/mL) in comparison with doxorubicin. Conclusions: L. arabicus may have active constituents that could be used for the treatment of prostate, colon or lung cancer. Therefore, isolation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds exist in L. arabicus may be required in the future.
The role of liquid smoke coconut shell in the proliferation phase of an oral traumatic ulcer
Authors: Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Hendarti Hening Tuti , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Winias Saka , Zakia Fitriatuz , Harianto Indira Arella
Published: February 2024

Context: Liquid smoke coconut shell (LS-CS) contains phenolic compounds that are able to promote wound healing by interfering with the inflammation phase of wound healing. The homeostatic mechanism that decreases the inflammation releases a growth factor that enhances proliferation by increasing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and fibroblast proliferation. Aims: To analyze the role of LS-CS in the proliferation phase of oral traumatic ulcer healing by analyzing fibroblast numbers and FGF-2 and VEGF expressions. Methods: Oral traumatic ulcers were induced in diabetes mellitus Wistar rats via an alloxan injection. A traumatic ulcer as long as 10 mm was made in the inferior fornix incisive labial area. The oral traumatic ulcer was then topically treated with LS-CS using a dose of 20 μL/ 20 g body weight once daily for three, five and seven days. The fibroblast number of the oral traumatic ulcers’ tissue was then analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin, and the FGF-2 and VEGF expression were analyzed via immunohistochemistry staining. The difference in fibroblast numbers and FGF-2 and VEGF expressions were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests with a significance of p<0.05. Results: The LS-CS affected fibroblast numbers (p=0.001) and FGF-2 expression (p=0.000) after topical treatment for seven days. There was a significant difference in the expression of VEGF after topical treatment with LS-CS for five days compared to the control group (p=0.000) and benzydamine hydrochloride (p=0.005). The topical treatment of LS-CS for seven days affected the expression of VEGF compared to the control group (p=0.000) and benzydamine hydrochloride (p=0.019). Conclusions: LS-CS could improve the healing of oral traumatic ulcers by increasing fibroblast numbers and FGF-2 and VEGF expression after seven days of treatment.
The growth and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis in ethanol extract of Citrus aurantiifolia Indonesian species
Authors: Soraya Cut , Mubarak Zaki , Gani Basri A.
Published: February 2024

Context: Enterococcus faecalis is reported as a biofilm bacterium involved in the pathogenesis of tooth root canal infection. The ability to grow and form biofilms is the reason these bacteria are difficult to be eliminated. Aims: To analyze the antibacterial effect of Citrus aurantiifolia against the growth and biofilm formation of E. faecalis. Methods: This study used E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantiifolia). The E. faecalis growth was assessed by spectrophotometry, and biofilm formation was examined with 1% violet crystals also visualized by microscope (magnification 400×). Results: Citrus aurantiifolia extract can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of E. faecalis with varying quantities. Based on period incubations, a concentration of 6.25% had a better ability to suppress the growth of E. faecalis (<300 CFU/mL). The 75% concentration was the highest among other levels to inhibit the biofilms formation of E. faecalis that assumed the higher concentration of the extract, the most significant increase in inhibition of the biofilm formation of E. faecalis. Growth and biofilm formation of E. faecalis showed linearity in line with a concentration of 6.25% (p<0.05: 0.000) with a relatively stable relationship (r=0.506). Conclusions: Citrus aurantiifolia extract can inhibit the growth of E. faecalis that is in line with the inhibiton of the biofilm formation.
Herbal medicine use in the Jordanian population: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abdel-Qader Derar H. , Albassam Abdullah , Ismael Najlaa Saadi , Aljamal Mohammed S. , Chen Li-Chia , Mansoor Kenza , Hamadi Salim , Al Mazrouei Nadia , Al Meslamani Ahmad Z.
Published: February 2024

Context: Despite of potential adverse effects, the use of herbal medicines has grown globally without proper regulatory measures. There is a scarcity of data on the pattern of use and general awareness towards herbal products among the Jordanians. Aims: To assess the prevalence, utilization, and attitude toward herbal medicines among the Jordanian public. Methods: A national cross-sectional self-reported survey on a random sample of adult population aged ≥ 18 years was conducted over two months to include 1820 adults in Jordan. A representative sample was collected using a proportionate random sampling technique, which enabled us to categorize the study population geographically. SPSS V26 was used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of herbal medicine use was 53.3% (971/1820), and respondents who aged >29 years were more likely to use herbal products. Predictors for using herbal products were: females (OR 4.23; 95%CI 1.97-9.55; p=0.0004), fair health status (OR 7.19; 95%CI 5.49-13.85; p=0.0001), and participants without chronic diseases were significantly less likely to use herbal medicines (OR 0.21; 95%CI 0.11-0.61; p=0.0007). The majority of respondents (86.5%, 1574/1820) thought herbal products were safe because they were made from natural ingredients. The most common reasons for using herbal products were chronic disease treatments (41.9%, 407/971), weight reduction (23.6%, 229/971), and to less extent improving the well-being (16.2%, 157/971). Conclusions: More than half of the targeted population used herbal medicines, a quarter of whom experienced adverse effects. The findings of this study have major community health implications for Jordan.
Effect of sex differences in antinociceptive, antipyretic, hypoglycemia, hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities in mice model
Authors: Karim Irin , Roy Roni , Hoque Md Rafiul , Hosen Sazzad , Bhowmik Tanaya , Liya Israt Jahan , Akter Afroza , Basher Mohammad Anwarul
Published: February 2024

Context: The use of animal models is a longstanding practice in biological research. Among different models, the mouse is the most widely used and accepted model. In designing the mouse model, a male mouse is generally preferred over a female to avoid the effect of changing hormonal state in females. However, it is not known whether mouse sex affects all experiments. Aims: To determine the effect of mouse sex on pharmacological responses in antinociceptive, antipyretic, hypoglycemia, hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal experiments. Methods: Antinociceptive study was performed by three different experiments. An antipyretic experiment was performed by yeast induced hyperthermia test. The effect on hypoglycemic response was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test. The effect on the hepatoprotective study was evaluated by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The antidiarrheal study was conducted by a castor oil-induced diarrhea test. Results: Antinociceptive studies demonstrated mixed effects. Hot plate test showed significant differences; the licking test showed variation only in the late phase, while no significant variation was observed. In the antipyretic experiment, female mice showed higher body temperature in both control and standard that varied significantly with male mice. Hypoglycemia and hepatoprotective tests did not show significant variation between sexes; however, liver enzymes levels were found higher in males while the percentage liver weight was higher in females. In the antidiarrheal test, the male mouse was observed to have higher responses than the female. Conclusions: Antinociceptive and antipyretic investigations should be performed separately on both male and female mice. On the other hand, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal tests can be conducted on any mouse sex, and findings on particular sex can be extrapolated to the opposite sex.
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF BEEF CATTLE BREEDING IN AND NON-TRANSMIGRATION AREAS
Authors: Wa Ode Suriani  , Ferdinan C. Situmorang  , A Rizal  , Desmina Kristiani Hutabarat
Published: February 2024

The research aims to determine the prospects of beef cattle breeding business development in transmigration and non-transmigration areas. The research method uses Stratified Sampling which stratifies 30 sub-districts which are transmigrant settlement areas, into three sub-district strata based on the cattle population. Data analysis was conducted in the form of data on respondent characteristics and maintenance management will be tabulated and analyzed into percentage values. Furthermore, the data is reviewed descriptively and SWOT analysis is carried out. Research on Beef Cattle business in Konawe Regency can be concluded: (1) Konawe Regency in general has good prospects and potential for the development of Beef Cattle supported by the availability of feed, seeds, business scale ≥ 4 heads reaching 84% and relatively easy livestock marketing. (2) However, the identified inhibiting factors are the land area of 78% of farmers only have ≤ 1 ha, the use of natural grass feed is still dominant (56%), livestock diseases are still dominantly untreated (62%), and the limited number of field extension workers.
Sosialisasi Pentingnya Label Merek Pada Usaha Kelempang Tunu Mak Imam
Authors: Seto Agung Anggoro
Published: February 2024

Salah satu pelaku Usaha Kecil dan Menengah yang ada di Kota Palembang adalah Usaha Kelempang Tunu Mak Imam yang berada di Jalan Pipa Reja. Usaha kelempang tunu Mak Imam telah bediri lebih dari 10 tahun, namun meskipun telah berdiri cukup lama, berdasarkan hasil observasi, usaha ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti belum adanya sarana promosi guna meningkatkan hasil penjualan. Kurangnya sarana promosi ini disinyalir menjadi penyebab usaha kelempang tunu mak imam belum berkembang sesuai harapan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi mengenai pentingnya sarana promosi untuk menunjang kelangsungan usaha dan peningkatan hasil penjualan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan data primer yang bersumber dari hasil wawancara primer dan observasi dengan pelaku usaha serta data-data sekunder berupa dokumen/kajian-kajian yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengabdian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan studi lapangan yaitu proses analisis yang menekankan pada keterlibatan pelaku kegiatan pengabdian pada berbagai kegiatan usaha Kelempang Tunu Mak Imam. Adapun tahapan kegiatan meliputi pra kegiatan, kegiatan inti dan kegiatan akhir (evaluasi). Hasil kegiatan menyimpulkan bahwa Usaha Kelempang Tunu Mak Imam memiliki beberapa kelemahan dan ancaman seperti belum tersedianya sarana promosi, belum melakukan pencatatan keuangan (pendapatan dan pengeluaran) serta adanya ancaman dari produk sejenis. Namun kelempang tunu Mak Imam juga memiliki kekuatan dan peluang seperti keunggulan jenis dan rasa produk serta terbukanya kesempatan untuk melakukan kerjasama baik dari pihak perbankan maupun kerjasama dengan pelaku usaha lainnya. Selain itu, Usaha Kelempang Tunu Mak Imam membutuhkan sarana promosi guna meningkatkan jumlah penjualan, salah satu sarana promosi yang tergolong ekonomi yang dapat dilakukan dengan pembuatan label merek pada kemasan.
Effectiveness of Mind mapping in Science Teaching among 8th grade Students
Authors: Munir Shahida , Waqar Yasira , Raza Amir
Published: February 2024

Mind mapping is an innovative technique that is used to make contact among ideas by using main words that give directions to the human mind. Mind mapping facilitates the teaching-learning process for knowledge construction. This experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of mind-mapping activities on students’ learning, academic achievement, and retention of knowledge. The study was carried out on the subject of science at the elementary level. The objectives of the study were to find out the effect of mind mapping activities on students learning in science at the elementary level at different levels of the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy (knowledge, comprehension, application, and analyses). Grade 8 students of a public school located in a district of Punjab were taken as samples through a random sampling technique. The mind mapping method was used to teach students. The Pre-test-Post test Equivalent-Groups Design was selected. Two-month lesson planning was used for mind-mapping activities to teach the eighth graders. Two groups were made, one as an experimental and the other as the control group. Data analysis was carried out through SPSS 21. A T-test was used to compare both groups’ performance. The findings of the study indicated that the experimental group participants achieved statistically significant and higher gains than students in the control group. The results from mind-mapping activities revealed that the mind-mapping technique has a positive impact on students' learning.
Implementation of Nursing Care by Providing Nebulizers to Asthmatic Children with Ineffective Airway Clearance Problems
Authors: Biladiah Imadatul , Yunike  , Jawiah
Published: February 2024

Asthma is one of the main non-communicable diseases and asthma is a chronic disease in which the airways of the lungs become inflamed and narrow. Asthma trigger factors are often found in the environment both inside and outside the home, but children with a family history of asthma have a greater risk of developing asthma. Apart from that, factors that trigger asthma are divided into two groups, namely genetic, including bronchial atopy/allergy, eczema; environmental trigger factors, such as motor vehicle fumes, cigarette smoke, burning rubbish, humidity in the house, and allergens such as house dust and animal dander. Method: The case study used in this research is descriptive in a case study design to explore the implementation of nursing care providing nebulizers with the problem of ineffective airway clearance in children with asthma at Bhayangkara Hospital, Palembang. The approach used is a nursing care approach which includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing implementation, and nursing evaluation. Results: The results of the research after the implementation of asthma management nursing with a Nebulizer in Asthma patients were proven to have an impact on improving breathing frequency because it had the effect of improving sputum production so that it was very influential in the process of improving breathing frequency/shortness of breath. Conclusion: Implementation of Nursing Care by Giving Nebulizers to asthmatic children with hygiene problems ineffective airway can be done because it is more effective for asthma patients and improves respiratory frequency.
Management of Nursing Care for Patients at Risk of Violent Behavior with Implementation Strategies to Control Anger in the Mental Hospital
Authors: Andriany Rizky , Sari Sheni Mutiara , Moulisya Deca Gardena
Published: February 2024

The risk of violent behavior is a situation where a person commits an action that can harm himself or herself or others or the environment, whether physically, emotionally, sexually or verbally, accompanied by uncontrolled rage and restless noise. The purpose of this paper is to describe the management of nursing care for patients at risk of violent behavior in mental hospitals. The method that will be used is the descriptive method by implementing nursing for 6 days in the form of nursing care for clients to meet the need for preventing the risk of violent behavior by providing the application of controlling emotions with SP 1 to 5. The data collection technique is carried out using a nursing methodology approach which consists of build relationships of mutual trust and carry out assessments which include physical examination, observation, supporting examinations, enforcement of nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, nursing implementation and nursing evaluation. The results of nursing management showed that the problem of risk of violent behavior was resolved because the client was able to control anger by applying SP 1 to SP 5, namely by deep breathing relaxation, by hitting a pillow or mattress, verbally, by praying and by obediently taking medication. Try not to cause other problems due to the risk of violent behavior. Suggestions for nurses in hospitals to continue to teach and provide education on how to control anger to clients who are at riskof violent behaviour independently.
Application Of Individual Therapy In Patients With Hearing Hallucinations
Authors: Zikiriyani Imas , Lestari Indri
Published: February 2024

Hallucinations are a symptom of mental disorders where the patient experiences changes in sensory perception, false sensations in the form of sound, sight, taste, touch or smell, the client perceives stimuli that do not actually exist. Objective: to study the application of individual speech therapy in patients with auditory hallucinations. Method: The descriptive case study design method is used in qualitative research. Results: Shows that with individual speech therapy, the patient can direct the patient's attention so that he can control the hallucinations he experiences. Conclusion: Individual speech therapy for patients with auditory hallucinations is effective in controlling hallucinations. Recommendations should consider creating new policies for nurses, particularly ward nurses, to implement consistently, with the aim of reducing the number of patients with mental health problems.
Case Study: Nursing Implementation of Fulfilling Self-Care Needs in Patients with Self-Care Deficits
Authors: Kamesyworo  , An'umillah Fatharani Nyimas
Published: February 2024

Self-care deficit is a person's inability to meet basic self-care needs independently. The purpose of the study was to achieve an overview of the implementation of adequate self-care needs in patients with self-care deficits. Descriptive research, with an implementation method using nursing care, with an assessment process, interviews, and direct observation carried out from 12 to 18 April 2021, The subjects of the case study were two schizophrenic patients with self-care deficit problems in the Bangau Room of Ernaldi Bahar Hospital, South Sumatra Province. The results of this study indicate that the provision of self-care needs is very effective in overcoming the problem of self-care deficits.
Distraction Techniques: Story Telling With Anxiety Problems In Children With Diarrhea
Authors: Rosyadah Ambrina , Jawiah  , Rehana
Published: February 2024

Hospitalization causes anxiety in children and hinders the healing process, distraction techniques: story telling is a nursing action that is able to distract anxiety and is able to create a comfortable environment so that the level of anxiety experienced by children can decrease. Method: This type of research design uses a descriptive design in the form of a case study. The approach used is nursing care which includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation and documentation. The case study subjects used were 2 pediatric patients suffering from diarrhea aged 4 years for patient 1 on March 18 2022 and aged 6 years for patient 2 on March 23 2022 who had the same nursing problem, namely anxiety. This research was conducted at Siti Fatimah Regional Hospital, Palembang in 2022. Results: The implementation of nursing in the form of distraction techniques: story telling has an effective effect on reducing the anxiety experienced by pediatric patients during treatment. The results show that the patient's anxiety score has decreased significantly and determine the patient's anxiety level before and after administering the distraction technique. Conclusion: Providing the distraction technique: story telling with anxiety problems was effective in reducing anxiety, there was a significant reduction after using the distraction technique: story telling for three days.
Nursing Implementation of Nutritional Management in Diarrhoea Children with Nutritional Deficit Problems
Authors: Risti Chandani Risti Chandani , Jawiah  , Yunike  , Febriyanti Dita
Published: February 2024

Based on medical record data from Siti Fatimah Hospital Palembang, children aged 6-12 years who suffered from diarrhoeal diseases in 2019 to 2021 were 28 patients. Diarrhoea in children must be treated immediately because diarrhoea that is too frequent in children can cause disruption of the gastrointestinal system such as malabsorption which can cause children to enter less nutrients into the body and can cause nutritional deficits in children with diarrhoea. Methods: This type of research design uses a descriptive design in the form of a case study. The approach used is a nursing care approach which includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation and documentation. The case study subjects were 2 pediatric patients suffering from diarrhoea, patient 1 aged 6 years and patient 2 aged 7 years who had nutritional deficit nursing problems. This research was conducted at Siti Fatimah Hospital Palembang in 2022. Results: Implementation of nutrition management nursing is effective to overcome the problem of nutritional deficits that occur in children with diarrhoea by showing the results of weight gain in children every day during the nursing process. Discussion: It is hoped that the patient's parents can recognise the signs of diarrhoea in children so that nutritional deficiencies do not occur and it is hoped that parents can apply the nutritional management that the author has taught.
Introducing Tuak, the Traditional Alcoholic Beverage of the Dayak Muara Tribe in Kalimantan, Indonesia: Gastronomy Identity Unveiled
Authors: Sari Wiwik Nirmala , Elsty Kezia
Published: February 2024

This research explores the potential of the traditional alcoholic beverage "Tuak" from the Muara Dayak Tribe in Pelindu Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, as a gastronomic tourism attraction. Drawing upon the Gastronomy Identity Model and qualitative descriptive methodology, the study delves into seven key components: flavor profiles, etiquette, recipes, fusion of ingredients and techniques, classic wine and food marriage, climate zones, and old and new world styles. Findings reveal that Tuak not only serves as a cultural and social symbol within the Dayak Muara community but also showcases unique production methods, knowledge transmission, and cultural essence. The study emphasizes the importance of considering Tuak as a potential culinary tourism product, contributing to the preservation of Indonesia's rich culinary heritage, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. Additionally, it highlights the challenges related to accessibility and infrastructure in the region, suggesting the need for further development to unlock Tuak's full gastronomic tourism potential.
Addition of Organic Compounds in Gelatin-biopolymer Gel Electrolyte for Enhanced Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Devikala Sundaramurthy , Maryleedarani Abisharani Johnson
Published: February 2024

This chapter introduced a new series of organic compound additives like thiophene 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDA), sulfanilamide (SAA), 2,6-diamino pyridine (DAP), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) and 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) with gelatin/KI/I2 consist gel polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application. Nowadays, it is focusing on biopolymers for preparing gel electrolytes for DSSCs application which is a conventional renewable energy source. Biopolymers are abundant in nature, and they are non-toxic, thermally stable, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and have good mechanical and physical properties. The introduced novel gelatin (GLN) biopolymer-based gel electrolytes play a role in improving ionic conductivity and stability, and it also play a better ability for ionic mobility. The low-cost and commercialized organic additive molecules with electron donors like S, O and N elements were strongly coordinated on the surface TiO2 and fermi level shift into negative potentials. The organic additive compound SAA achieved a very active additive and easily reduced the recombination reaction between the surface of TiO2 and I3− ions. This phenomenon readily improves the stability and overall η of the DSSC. During the DSSCs process, intrinsic charge carrier transfer between both electrodes as well as the continuous regeneration of the dye molecules. The surface study and conductivity of prepared gelatin-based gel electrolyte with N, S and O-based additives were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible, X ray diifraction (XRD), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC), respectively. Furthermore, to examine the adsorption behaviour of organic additives on TiO2 (101) surface and negative fermi level shift on TiO2 surface were analysed by density functional theory (DFT) theoretical study.
The costs of cervical cancer treatment with a social focus
Authors: Melissa Aguayo Joza Johanna , Javier Más López Carlos , Enrique Terán Mogro Guido , Santiago Quiroz Fernández Luis , Elizabeth Pizarro Anchundia Shirley , Melissa Loor Aguayo Amy , Manuel Loor Aguayo Joan
Published: February 2024

The study of the value creation system in the strategic management of costs associated with diseases shows the need to focus the analysis on the activities that make it up, since they detail all the interrelated actions to achieve efficiency in their treatment, particularly in cervical cancer. The design of its value chain is important in the economic context in which it is created and the agents involved in its achievement, since the user, the provider and the financer of health care have different health, economic and political interests. Quantifying its economic impact on society is relevant for its economic evaluation, reducing uncertainty and optimizing the design of public policies. There are theoretical and methodological weaknesses in the methods for estimating their indirect costs, market imperfections and the postulates of economic theory as their main foundations. The objective of the article is to design the value chain of the disease and the calculation of its costs, which will be specified by highlighting which activities will be considered as contributing value to its treatments and which others will be considered as supporting activities for the beneficiary of its treatments, who will be the patient.
Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Vetri Luigi , Costanza Carola , Siciliano Margherita , Precenzano Francesco , Gallai Beatrice , Carotenuto Marco
Published: February 2024

Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common epilepsy syndrome characterized by absence seizures affecting young children and representing 18% of all diagnosed cases of epilepsy in school-age children. Absence seizures are classically very frequent during the day and each seizure lasts a short time, from about 10 to 20 seconds, it ends abruptly, and awareness and responsiveness are severely impaired. The typical EEG pattern in CAE is a bilateral, synchronous, and symmetrical discharge of complex spike-wave rhythms at 3 Hz (range of 2.5–4 Hz), with sudden onset and termination. CAE is genetically determined, the mode of inheritance and genes involved remain not fully clarified but the final outcome is the dysregulation of cortico-thalamic-cortical circuit that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of absence seizures. CAE may have an impact on patients’ lives in terms of negative consequences in neurocognitive and neuropsychological aspects that should always be considered during a global evaluation of a child with epilepsy.
Calculation of the Cost of Training Medical Students in One of the AJA Universities of Medical Sciences Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Method
Authors: Rezaei Amir , Zamandi Mahmoud , Zareiyan Armin , Mohammadi Fardin
Published: February 2024

Background: Estimating the total cost of services is crucial for utilizing available resources more efficiently and effectively. By employing the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method, not only can costs be calculated, but also the efficiency and unused capacity of resources can be assessed. Objectives: This study aimed to calculate the cost of education for each medical student at one of the AJA Medical sciences Universities in 2022 using the TDABC method. Methods: This quantitative study was conducted cross-sectionally and retrospectively in a descriptive-analytical manner. The data were collected and analyzed through interviews and observations. To analyze and allocate costs, administrative and educational departments were categorized into three levels: Overhead, intermediate, and final activity centers. Then, using the TDABC approach in Microsoft Excel 2013 software costs from the overhead and intermediate activity centers to the final activity center and students. Results: The study estimated the average cost of educating each medical student to be approximately IRR 6 267 568 065. Additionally, the unused capacity of resources in overhead and intermediate centers was observed to be 30% (range: 4 - 44%) and 33% (range: 26 - 43%), respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the cost per student is somewhat reasonable; however, there is a high level of unused capacity in the university and faculty activity centers. The effective management of human resources and equipment is necessary to enhance service delivery processes, increase productivity, and reduce unused capacity.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Germplasm
Authors:   Department of Agroforestry, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam – 641 301, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Hemalatha P. , Geethanjali S. , Sivakumar V. , Vijayabhama M. , Ravi R. , Baranidharan K.
Published: February 2024

The present research work was conducted to assess the genetic variability present in elite turmeric germplasm comprising 50 genotypes. A total of nine morphometric traits including plant height, number of tillers, leaf growth parameters and rhizome yield attributes were recorded in these fifty genotypes. The genotypes exhibited a high degree of variation for all the characters studied. The magnitude of GCV and PCV were higher for the number of tillers, mother rhizome yield per plant, finger rhizome yield per plant and dry rhizome recovery percentage. Moderate to medium heritability estimates were recorded for leaf length, mother rhizome yield per plant, finger rhizome yield per plant, and dry rhizome recovery percentage and high heritability estimates were recorded for plant height, number of leaves, leaf breadth, number of tillers and total rhizome yield per plant. High heritability together with high genetic advance was registered for the number of tillers. Total rhizome yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with finger rhizome yield per plant, mother rhizome yield per plant, leaf length and plant height. Among the various characters studied, mother rhizome yield per plant and finger rhizome yield per plant exhibited the highest positive direct effect on total rhizome yield per plant. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf breadth exhibited a positive indirect effect on total rhizome yield via mother rhizome yield per plant and finger rhizome yield per plant.
The Transformation of the Economy: Exploring the Impacts and Opportunities of the Digital Economy
Authors: Omar Al-Kasasbeh
Published: February 2024

The digital revolution has brought about significant changes to the global economy, creating a new paradigm known as the digital economy. This article delves into the various aspects of the digital economy, examining its impacts and exploring the opportunities it presents for businesses, industries, and society as a whole. The study investigates the key drivers and characteristics of the digital economy, such as digital platforms, data-driven innovation, and technological advancements. It analyzes the transformative effects of the digital economy on traditional sectors and highlights the potential for enhanced productivity, innovation, and economic growth. Additionally, the article examines the challenges and policy considerations in harnessing the full potential of the digital economy, including issues related to the digital divide, data privacy, and cybersecurity. By understanding the dynamics of the digital economy, policymakers, businesses, and individuals can adapt and leverage digital transformation for sustainable economic development and inclusive growth.