bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric investigation and modelling of hardness and surface quality in CO2 laser cutting process of AISI 314 Stainless steel
Authors: Senthilkumar V. , Jayaprakash G.
Published: August 2018

Laser cutting is the popular unconventional manufacturing method widely used to cut various engineering materials. In this work CO2 laser cutting of AISI 314 satinless steel has been investigated. This paper focus on the investigation into the effect of laser cutting parameters like laser power, assist gas pressure, cutting speed and stand-off distance on surface roughness, hardness and kerf dimensions like kerf width, kerf ratio and kerf taper in CO2 laser cutting of AISI 314 stainless steel.
Korean converbs between coordination and subordination
Authors: Jendraschek Gerd , Shin Yongmin
Published: August 2018

One peculiarity of Korean morphosyntax is the existence of a large set of converbal suffixes. A survey of previous descriptions reveals a lack of consensus in the analysis of these converbs. Too often they have been pressed into a Eurocentric dichotomy of subordination versus coordination, leading to confusion about their typological status. Trying to correct this approach by describing the language on its own terms is therefore the main objective of our paper. We compare the morphosyntactic behavior of four selected suffixes with respect to some relevant criteria for subordination versus coordination, such as the scope of illocutionary operators, shared TAM, subject coreference, constituent order, and the development of dependent verb forms into complex predicates or adpositions. This empirical research feeds back into the theoretical discussion, as it will be shown that the Korean converbs can indeed be described using conventional typological concepts if construed appropriately. Our second objective is therefore to review the criteria involved in describing clause-linkage and to see how relevant terminology can be used more consistently. The conclusion is that the four converb types turn out to be located on a continuum between coordination and subordination, thus constituting an instantiation of syntax-semantics isomorphism.
Reasons for triple-funding of the jet-engine-industry to meet 2020-2040 6TH-Gen-Challenge: Counter-Air Penetration, CAP
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin
Published: August 2018

The forthcoming 2020-2040 6TH-Generation is characterized by a host of debated and confused CASLAP-strategies, doctrines, tactics, mission definitions, jetonautic-funding, systems-of-systems technologies vis-à-vis AOOF-based-prop-swarm-technologies and almost symmetric jetonautics at both sides, [Part-A references 5,10,11,17,20,24,26,32,36,48,49].

CASLAP offensive-defensive options for each country vary with jetonautics, location, time, scientific and technological education, economics, geopolitics and stealth/super-agility/armament/AI of its fighter aircraft, UCAVs, JES-UCAV, prop-drones or USV, LCS, ULV, each with a different control-communication and various propulsion systems ranging from $100/unit in prop-drone-swarms to $10+ million per jet engine unit with spares, parts, maintenance, etc. It therefore deems timely to introduce an initial degree of order and classification to prevent today future misunderstanding/errors in designs, funding and encounters – the central aim and scope of these editorials.
Damage Evolution and Failure Behavior of Sandstone under True Triaxial Compression
Authors: Lu Yinlong , Li Wenshuai , Wang Lianguo , Li Zhaolin , Meng Xingyu , Wang Bin , Zhang Kaiwen
Published: August 2018

In the present study, a series of conventional triaxial tests (CTTs) and true triaxial tests (TTTs) were performed on sandstone through a self-developed true triaxial testing system, which was combined with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technique to systematically study the damage and failure behavior of sandstone in different triaxial stress states. The results show that the damage evolution process of the specimen under the CTT and TTT conditions could be divided into four stages based on the AE monitoring observations: microcrack closure, stable growth of microcracks, unstable growth of microcracks, and post-peak phase. During the first three stages, the spatial-temporal distribution of the AE activity under the two loading conditions was nearly equal. However, in the post-peak stage, abrupt changes in the AE locations occurred more often under the CTT conditions than under the TTT conditions. The overall AE activity under the CTT conditions decreased with increasing confining pressure, whereas under the TTT conditions, it tended to strengthen first and then weaken with increasing intermediate principal stress. The post-test CT scanning observations show that the fracture morphology of the specimen under the TTT conditions was more regular and simpler than that under the CTT conditions. The fracture surface area of the specimen under the CTT conditions tended to decrease with increasing confining pressure, whereas that of the specimen under the TTT conditions tended to decrease first and then increase with increasing intermediate principal stress.
New Insights on the Vane Method to Evaluate Yield Stress of Cementitious Mortars
Authors: Assaad Joseph Jean
Published: August 2018

The yield stress (τ0) of cementitious materials has a direct influence on concrete casting and postcasting processes, such as stability, formwork pressure, interfacial bond strength between successive lifts, and bond to embedded steel bars. This article provides new insights for reliable τ0 measurements using the four-bladed vane method; it compares the effect of vane configuration (i.e., slotted versus nonslotted) and positioning (i.e., immersed in specimen versus placed flush with upper material surface) on τ0 responses. Test results have shown that the elastic-to-plastic transition region in τ0 profiles occurs progressively with the nonslotted vane, whereas it becomes more abrupt with the slotted vane. The presence of slots is believed to reduce the end effects and strengthen the assumption of shearing that takes place within the suspension along uniform stresses distributed at the cylindrical vane surfaces. For the given configuration, positioning the vane flush with the upper mortar surface minimized the effect of normal stresses on torque measurements, which resulted in decreased τ0 values. Useful equations with good correlation coefficients are established between τ0 measurements with respect to mortar composition, flow, and vane positioning.
Generation of Defined Tribofilms and Their Stability under Slip-Rolling in a 2Disk Test Rig
Authors: Woydt Mathias , Burbank John-Theodore , Spaltmann Dirk
Published: August 2018

Tribofilms formed by additives in lubricants represent a key mechanism for preventing wear but are difficult to investigate because of the complexity of the composition of lubricants, their small thickness, and their amorphous nature. The tribological profile of such tribofilms can be established based on a new test methodology described here. For a large range of additives, the corresponding chemically reactive tribofilms were generated in 2Disk test rigs on widely used reference steels, such as 100Cr6 (SAE52100), Cronidur 30 (AMS 5898), or 20MnCr5 Quenched & Tempered (Q&T) (SAE4820/SAE5120), during slip-rolling in the mixed/boundary lubrication regime at 120°C. The performance of the created tribofilms is compared to those created on alternative steels, such as 36NiCrMoV1-5-7, 45SiCrMo6, or even Diamond-Like Coating (DLC)-coated steels, using the same additives.
Transient Cooling of Metallic Piece during a Quenching Process: Effect of Bath Agitation
Authors: Ould El Moctar Ahmed , Bourouga Brahim , Guenerie Benjamin
Published: August 2018

During the quenching process, metallurgical transformations and residual stress fields are controlled by the metallic piece cooling speed. It is a fact that the agitation of the bath matters, and this is why all the industrial processes use agitated baths in the quenching process. The first role of agitation is to remove the vacuum film from the vicinity of the metallic piece. This agitation should contribute to the enhancement of convective heat coefficient, but the effect of such an increase of the convection heat transfer depends on the size and properties of the metallic piece. It was shown that the cooling process is predominated by convection in the cases of massive, resistive, or massive and resistive metallic pieces (mean Biot number higher than 10). In contrast, in the cases of thin, very conductive, or thin and very conductive pieces, boiling is the main cooling phenomenon. This study will focus on the characterization of the fluid flow depending on the agitation system—a pump or a turbine. It has been observed that the flows are dramatically different in terms of velocity field and energy dissipated. The results of this study could help in the design of an agitation system, considering the metallic piece to be treated.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Damage on an Aluminum Surface by Single-Bubble Cavitation
Authors: Sagar Hemant J. , Hanke Stefanie , Underberg Martin , Feng Chaojie , el Moctar Ould , Kaiser Sebastian A.
Published: August 2018

For a better understanding and modeling of cavitation, investigations of isolated single-bubble events are useful. They allow for describing and quantifying the physics of the bubble collapse and its interaction with surrounding material. The generation of such single bubbles in a liquid using an electric spark or focused laser beam is well described in the literature, and sophisticated analyses of bubble dynamics near surfaces exist. However, only a few studies addressed the material damage induced by single-bubble collapse. This article presents experiments in water, generating single bubbles with 3-mm diameters at various defined distances to the polished surface of a commercially pure aluminum specimen. The collapse of each laser-induced bubble was captured by high-speed imaging. A detailed quantitative analysis of the surface damage was performed using 3-D profilometry. A single bubble created a shallow pit with a typical depth of 1 to 2 μm. The overall statistics of the damage parameters, such as pit depth and volume, are consistent with previous investigations. Outliers with unusually small or multiple pits can be explained by the high-speed images of the corresponding bubble collapse. The image sequences also help identify effects of the edge of the specimen surface. In addition, a complementary numerical investigation of single bubbles based on the Navier-Stokes equations was used to obtain flow characteristics near the surface, such as microjet impact and pressure. For the commercially pure aluminum used in this study, simulation and measured surface damage correlate well. The methods developed here provide a basis for studies on more complex engineering materials.
Implicancias tributarias del convenio de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones -CANen los servicios de consultoría empresarial de Perú a Colombia
Authors: Rojas Silva Liliana , Rodríguez Chumpitaz Alessandro Martín
Published: August 2018

El presente documento explica las implicancias tributarias generadas por la aplicación del convenio de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (en adelante CAN) para evitar los problemas derivados de la doble imposición tributaria (entendido como el pago de tributos de la misma renta en dos estados) en la prestación de servicios de consultoría contable, se analiza el caso de una consultoría empresarial de una empresa peruana a una colombiana realizada en el año 2015. La consultoría es un tipo de relación de ayuda establecida entre diferentes actores –el consultor y la organización– basada por un lado sobre los conocimientos, las habilidades y las acciones del consultor, y por otro sobre el conocimiento, la colaboración y la necesidad de la empresa-cliente.El trabajo identifica y analiza los beneficios y perjuicios económicos empresariales generados por la aplicación del convenio de la CAN en la prestación de servicios de consultoría, especialmente sobre los rubros ingresos exonerados del Impuesto de Renta, su retención y los gastos vinculados al servicio prestado.
Efecto de la música sobre la respuesta cardiovascular en ejercicio de escolares entre 9 y 17 años
Authors: Gómez Becerra Gustavo , Ramírez Villada Jhon Freddy , Ortiz Rico Andrés Felipe
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la música sobre la respuesta cardiovascular en ejercicio de escolares entre 9 y 17 años. Métodos: 74 individuos entre 9 y 17 años fueron agrupados en tres grupos (G1=9-11; G2=12-14; G3=15-17); participaron en prueba de esfuerzo con uso de la música (tratamiento 1) y sin ella (tratamiento 2). Para controlar el efecto de la música, fueron aplicados protocolos morfológicos (peso corporal, porcentaje graso, talla, índice de masa corporal) y fisiológicos (presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca). Se estimó el esfuerzo de cada sujeto al final de la prueba (VO2). Resultados: existen diferencias significativas (p≤0.05 y 0.01) entre los tratamientos (T1 vs. T2) en los grupos valorados (G1 vs. G2 vs. G3), y una tendencia reguladora, mas no significativa, en los indicadores de frecuencia cardiaca y presión arterial a favor del grupo T1. Conclusión: la música tiene un efecto positivo sobre el control del estrés y permite mejorar el rendimiento físico. Los resultados tienen implicaciones positivas para la evaluación diagnóstica y el diseño de programas de actividad física para escolares entre 9 y 17 años.
Sets, heads and spreading in LFG
Authors: Andrews Avery D.
Published: August 2018

Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) uses abstract syntactic representation (f-structures) that tend to provide less hierarchical structure for certain constructions than those employed in other formal frameworks. This produces some good results, such as a very straightforward account of feature-sharing between phrases and their heads, but also certain difficulties, especially in cases where the semantic interpretation seems to be determined by the hierarchical c-structure rather than the flatter f-structure. These are unproblematic for all other major generative frameworks, but have been troublesome for standard versions of LFG.Here I will consider two such cases: scoping adjectival modification in noun phrases; and Romance `complex' (or `restructuring') predicates. Problems with the semantic interpretation of these constructions were first discussed by Andrews (1983) and Alsina (1997), respectively, and by others subsequently. Both constructions exhibit the problem of apparent concentricity, and a fully satisfactory and accepted LFG solution has not yet been found. My proposal is to use the hybrid objects and distribution convention of Dalrymple and Kaplan (2000), but with singleton rather than multi-member sets, along with a facility to stipulatively suppress distribution in individual constructions. This provides an analysis which explains scope-determination and helps with certain other problems, with far less change to the theory than in previous attempts such as Andrews and Manning (1993, 1999).
Racionalidad representacional de la política de competitividad de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Prada Vesga Fernando
Published: August 2018

La racionalidad del tipo representacional en las políticas públicas, es aquella donde determinadas representaciones sociales son establecidas por los alcaldes como nuevas realidades sociales y verdades sobre la competitividad de la ciudad de Medellín. Se trata de símbolos y sus significados, cuyas narrativas, opiniones evaluativas, lingüística cognitiva y autoridad cognitiva, elaboradas por los alcaldes, tienen la fuerza de hacerlos ver y creer en ellos.
Las Bases Técnicas como expresión del desarrollo del conocimiento humano: medios de producción, materialidad del trabajo y formas de conciencia
Authors: Monteforte Ezequiel
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza la relación que existe entre los medios de producción, el desarrollo del conocimiento y las transformaciones en la subjetividad humana. Se discute la potencia de la formade conocimiento humano el cual, de forma específica, se objetiva en sus medios de producción. Se estudian las diferentes formas concretas de los medios de producción respecto al avance del conocimiento, donde se analiza la máquina como un avance cualitativo ante la forma general precedente, la herramienta. Por último, se analizan brevemente las formas técnicas concretas de la máquina como medio de producción, revisando el desarrollo actual de la misma.
Restricción externa y la sustitución de importaciones en Argentina: análisis de la historia reciente
Authors: Perrone Guido , Santarcángelo Juan E.
Published: August 2018

En la Argentina, así como en la mayor parte de los países de Latinoamérica, los períodos de expansión industrial tradicionalmente se han encontrado limitados por la restricción externa debido al carácter fuertemente demandante de importaciones de la producción manufacturera local. El proceso de crecimiento de la industria argentina desde el 2003 no había enfrentado la limitación impuesta por la escasez crónica de divisas hasta los últimos años, lo que volvió a poner dicha problemática en el centro de la escena. En este escenario, en el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar la dinámica productiva de tres sectores considerados críticos por su peso en el déficit comercial en el período 2003-2014 –la producción automotriz, la electrónica de consumo y el sector energético- para estudiar las posibilidades reales de sustitución de importaciones y los impactos que tuvieron las medidas tomadas en estas ramas destinadas a enfrentar la restricción externa.
"El Capital” y el keynesianismo monetario
Authors: Betz Karl
Published: August 2018

[p. 93] Resumen: Si se considera el objeto de El capital como el desarrollo de las categorías económicas, entonces puede aprehenderse su construcción como la sucesión de diversos niveles teóricos. Bajo esta perspectiva, se pretende mostrar que esta sucesión no se completó para el nivel alcanzado en El Capital y que el paso a las categorías fundamentales de una económica Ökonomik/ keynesiano-monetaria es posible.
La ineficacia de las políticas de represión a la oferta de drogas: una explicación alternativa
Authors: Raffo López Leonardo
Published: August 2018

El propósito de este trabajo es exponer una explicación alternativa de la ineficacia de las políticas de represión a la oferta de dogas en el largo plazo centrada en el funcionamiento de las redes de tráfico de drogas y las ganancias esperadas crecientes de los narcotraficantes. Para ello, se resolvió y se simuló el modelo analítico propuesto por Raffo (2015b) para estructuras de redes irregulares, que se aproximan más a las redes de tráfico y distribución reales. Se prueba que una intensificación de la represión a la oferta de drogas puede conducir al resultado paradójico de incrementar los beneficios esperados agregados de las actividades ilegales, debido a que tiene un impacto heterogéneo sobre las ganancias individuales de los distintos traficantes.
El problema de la transformación de valores en precios de producción. Una revisión de literatura en torno a las soluciones de Marx, Bortkiewicz-Winternitz y Morishima
Authors: Boundi Chraki Fahd
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general dirimir que la solución del problema de la transformación consiste en continuar el proceso iterativo iniciado en el libro III de El Capital. En tanto que el objetivo específico consiste en esclarecer que la rigurosa aplicación del método de la economía política de Marx conlleva develar los nexos intermedios que conectan la teoría del valor trabajo con la teoría de los precios de producción. Para este propósito, se confrontan el planteamiento de Marx, la solución de Bortkiewicz-Winternitz y el método iterativo de Morishima.
Efectividad de los mecanismos de búsqueda de empleo en el mercado laboral mexicano
Authors: Méndez Delgado Alba Verónica , Sánchez Mena Edgar Eduardo , Castro Lugo David
Published: August 2018

El proceso de búsqueda de empleo y las estrategias implementadas son un factor clave para obtener un trabajo. El objetivo de este artículo es estimar el grado de efectividad de los mecanismos de búsqueda de empleo y la influencia de las características sociodemográficas de los individuos en la elección de las estrategias de búsqueda, tomando como caso de estudio a México durante el primer trimestre del año 2017. A partir de información de la ENOE se emplean herramientas de estadística descriptiva e índices para determinar la efectividad de los mecanismos de búsqueda. A través de un modelo de elección binaria, se analizan los efectos de incluir variables sociodemográficas sobre los mecanismos de búsqueda y la probabilidad de encontrar empleo. Se encontró que el mecanismo de búsqueda de empleo más efectivo es acudir a familiares, amigos y conocidos.
Estudio de las características del turismo doméstico en Colombia a partir de la matriz Origen-Destino
Authors: Álzate Torres Maria Camila , Espinal Monsalve Nora Elena
Published: August 2018

En la actualidad el turismo se ha posicionado como un sector económico que se constituye como uno de los principales estímulos al crecimiento económico para los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. En Colombia existe un reducido número de investigaciones que se han encargado de caracterizar este sector a nivel nacional, por lo que es fundamental que se realicen estudios que permitan conocer el comportamiento que tienen los flujos turísticos domésticos, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de estos en la demanda por servicios turísticos. Por eso la presente investigación busca estudiar las características del turismo doméstico en Colombia a través de la construcción de una matriz Origen-Destino, a partir de los datos proveídos por la Encuesta de Gasto Interno en Turismo (EGIT).
El Capital” y keynesianismo monetario de Karl Betz
Authors: Betz Karl
Published: August 2018

[p. 93] Resumen: Si se considera el objeto de El capital como el desarrollo de las categorías económicas, entonces puede aprehenderse su construcción como la sucesión de diversos niveles teóricos. Bajo esta perspectiva, se pretende mostrar que esta sucesión no se completó para el nivel alcanzado en El Capital y que el paso a las categorías fundamentales de una económica Ökonomik/ keynesiano-monetaria es posible.
On the continuity of partial actions of Hausdorff groups on metric spaces
Authors: Gómez Jorge , Pinedo Héctor , Uscátegui Carlos
Published: August 2018

Proporcionamos condiciones suficientes para que una acción parcial separadamente continua de un grupo de Hausdorff en un espacio métrico sea continua.
A note on the controllability of linear first order systems with holomorphic initial functions in elliptic complex numbers
Authors: Mármol Luis Gerardo , Vanegas Judith
Published: August 2018

En este trabajo se caracteriza la controlabilidad restringida en el origen para una familia grande de Sistemas Lineales de Primer Orden con funciones iniciales holomorfas, en un contexto más general de holomorficidad dado por los números complejos elípticos.
Two Posets of Noncrossing Partitions Coming From Undesired Parking Spaces
Authors: Mühle Henri
Published: August 2018

Considere las particiones sin cruces de un conjunto de n elementos que no usan el bloque {n - 1, n}, ni usan a la vez el bloque {n} y un bloque que contenga a 1 y n - 1. En este artículo estudiamos el subposet del retículo de particiones sin cruces inducido por estos elementos. Probamos que este retículo es supersoluble, y por lo tanto es lexicogríaficamente descascarable. También damos un modelo combinatorio de las bases NBB de este retículo y derivamos una fórmula explicita para el valor de su función de Möbius entre el elemento mínimo y el máximo. Este trabajo es motivado por un artículo reciente de M. Bruce, M. Dougherty, M. Hlavacek, R. Kudo, e I. Nicolas en el cual introducen un subposet del retículo de particiones sin cruces que es determinado por funciones de parqueo con ciertas entradas prohibidas. En particular, ellos conjeturan que el poset resultante siempre tiene un complejo de orden contráctil. En este artículo probamos esta conjetura, sumergiendo su poset en el nuestro y mostrando que esta inmersión hereda la descascarabilidad lexicográfica.
TERAPI DIAM DALAM TASAWUF AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Solihin Solihin , Mansur Deden
Published: August 2018

Hujjatul Islam Imam Al-Ghazali menginterpretasikan bahaya lisan menjadi dua puluh bagian sebagaimana dilarang oleh prinsip dasar ajaran Islam (Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah). Jikalau lisan tidak dikendalikan, dapat mengakibatkan kandesnsi moral dan disintegrasi sosial dan diakhiratpun mendapatkan siksa. Maka dari itu, menurut Imam Al-Ghazali antisipasi preventifnya ialah dengan diam, karena diam (bukan diam pasif, tapi diam aktif) sangat dianjurkan oleh syariat islam, dan menghidar dari dua puluh bahaya lisan tersebut sama dengan berfikir dan berzikir sehingga pada akhirnya dapat membuahkan hasil ma’rifatullah.
KAJIAN PENENTUAN GETARAN SISTEM PROPULSI KAPAL PATROLI DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Putranto Teguh
Published: August 2018

Kapal patroli adalah salah satu kapal perang berkecepatan tinggi yang digunakan untuk melakukan operasi militer dalam rangka menjaga kedaulatan wilayah maritim suatu negara. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, kapal patroli tidak hanya mampu beroperasi sesuai dengan targetnya tetapi juga perlu diperhatikan juga faktor kenyamanan dan keselamatan awak kapalnya. Sebelum kapal dibangun, penentuan desain dan konstruksi kapal patroli menjadi tahap yang sangat penting karena kapal cepat sering terjadi persoalan terhadap getaran yang diakibatkan sistem propulsi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan menngkaji tentang metode numerik untuk menganalisa getaran sistem propulsi kapal. Finite Element Method (FEM) merupakan salah satu metode numerik untuk menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial dengan cara membagi model menjadi elemen-elemen. Pemodelan numerik dilakukan pada sistem propulsi dan sebagian dari badan kapal. Untuk memulai simulasi, kondisi batas ditentukan berdasarkan posisi sekat ceruk buritan, sekat pada strut, transom, center girder, dan side girder. Setelah simulasi selesai, frekuensi alami pada mode shape 1 5 didapatkan sebesar 26,26; 35,68; 44,23; 90,62; 97,66 Hz secara berurutan. Frekuensi eksitasi propeller pada kecepatan dinas didapatkan sebesar 54,93 Hz dimana fungsi dari rotasi propeller dan jumlah daunnya. Frekuensi propeller akan dibandingkan dengan frekuensi alami sistem propulsi dimana hasilnya digunakan sebagai parameter untuk menentukan resonansi atau getaran berlebih. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain dan konstruksi sistem propulsi agak mendekati resonansi pada kecepatan dinas.
SELECTION OF SUITABLE PLANT SPECIES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY CONSTRUCTED WETLAND AT THE FORMOSA HA TINH STEEL COMPANY
Authors: Kim Anh Bui Thi
Published: August 2018

The study aimed to select suitable plant species in constructed wetland at Formosa Ha Tinh steel company and identify proper nutrient supplements for these plants growth. The tolerance of different aquatic plant species was tested with treated wastewater. Phragmites australis (Cav.), Typha angustifolia L. and Cyperus tegetiformis were selected for vegetation. In this experiment, removal efficiencies for monitored chemical parameters were in the range of 26.5 – 91.7 %, while elimination rates of total coliform were about 50 %. In the beginning, the plant nutrient demand for the first 3 months estimated based on theoretical mean annual nutrient uptake was 495 kg N, 153 kg P and 36 kg K per ha. When the wastewater entered CWs, the available nutrients in the influent could be enough for the plants growth. In fact, observations of the health status of the plants would serve as a basis for the fertilizer feeding decision, the concentration of mineral nutrients available in the wastewater are very important.
The Oxygenated Biomarker as an Indicator of Origin and Maturity of Miocene Brown Coal, Sangatta Coal Mines, East Kalimantan
Authors: Zetra Yulfi , Kusuma Hendra Siswanto , Riandra Fina , Sosrowidjojo Imam B. , Burhan R.Y. Perry
Published: August 2018

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.5.2.107-116The Middle to Late Miocene brown coal extracted from Inul area, Sangatta coal mines, East Kalimantan, was studied to recognize the distribution of ketone and acid biomarkers. Samples were extracted using soxhlet method and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Acetylation of acid fractions by BF3/MeOH produced an ester compound which is an acid derivative. The distributions of fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distributions of ketones included compounds in n-alkan-2-one, amyrin-derived ketone, and friedeline derivatives as well as olean-13(18)-en-3-one with oleanane skeleton. Distributions of fatty acids included compounds in the range from n-methylhexadecanoate (n-C16) to n-methyltriacontanoate (n-C30) with dominating compounds from n-methylhexadecanoate (n-C16) to n-methyldococanoate (n-C22). The most obvious feature is predominance of compounds with even-over-odd-carbon-atom-number in a molecule, which come from vascular plant fatty acids. The distributions of these biomarker compounds are used as an indicator of higher plant and oxic depositional environment, as well as the involvement of bacteria in diagenesis stage which indicates immature coals.
Nuclear DNA purification from recalcitrant plant species for long-read sequencing v1
Authors: Jones Ashley , Borevitz Justin
Published: August 2018

Evolution has driven genetic diversity of life on Earth, but also created highly complex genomes that are difficult to sequence. Current draft genomes can have thousands to hundreds of thousands of contigs rather than chromosomes, containing incorrect assemblies, gaps and errors. With rapid advances in long-read technologies, it is becoming possible to resolve complex genomes, including repetitive, polyploid plant genomes. Despite the technology being available, a challenge persists: the extraction of pure high molecular weight DNA suitable for long-read sequencing. This is particularly true of recalcitrant native Australian trees such as Eucalypts and Acacias. To resolve this, firstly we optimised a density gradient and detergent based nuclei extraction to limit reads from high copy count plastid genomes. Secondly, we optimised a gentle high molecular weight DNA extraction free of columns and high centrifugation, to limit DNA fragmentation. Finally, the DNA was purified and size selected by gel electrophoresis. For sequencing, we adopted the portable MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Using these approaches, we have been obtaining >9 gigabases of sequencing from a single MinION flowcell, including reads over 100 kb in length. Such ultra-long reads assist the assembly of high quality genomes, from telomere to telomere.
‘Damn It, I Am a Miserable Eastern European in the Eyes of the Administrator’: EU Migrants’ Experiences with (Transnational) Social Security
Authors: Scheibelhofer Elisabeth , Holzinger Clara
Published: August 2018

The European Union has given itself unique worldwide regulations so that EU citizens can port their social rights transnationally in case of migration. Yet this political and legal statement becomes flawed once a sociological perspective is adopted to look into the actual experiences of migrants. TRANSWEL (2015–2018), an ongoing international research project—applying a mixed-method approach to compare four country-pairs (Bulgaria-Germany, Estonia-Sweden, Hungary-Austria, Poland-UK)—has shown that mobile EU citizens are confronted with exclusion and discrimination and that their belonging is put into question. Based on qualitative interviews with migrants, we argue that welfare institutions in the ‘old’ EU member states (partially) exclude and potentially discriminate against mobile EU citizens. Exclusion and discrimination are mainly based on two types of experiences: First, the difficulty to navigate through a complex system of (transnational) regulations and administrative structures, and second, the burden to prove that one falls into the competency of the member state in question. The article points out that the EU—commonly referred to as the global best-practice example in terms of the portability of social rights—reveals its flaws and limitations once the actual experiences of migrants are scrutinized in this multilevel system of governance.
Exploring Fungal Diversity and distribution in Dukan Freshwater Lake Using ITS rDNA-based PCR Cloning/ Sequencing
Authors: Hamad Ibrahim , Arif Huner , Amin Harem , Khidir Kamal
Published: August 2018

Fungi represent important trophic inhabitants in aquatic ecosystems, they have crucial roles in nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems. In the present study, Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS rDNA-based investigations of fungal communities in Dukan Lake were conducted from two collection sites using large-scale clonal Sanger sequencing. Herein we report for the first time, the composition of fungal communities in water samples of Dukan Lake through cloning/sequencing method. A total of 576 clones were obtained from ITS gene library and resulted in retrieving of 33 fungaloperational taxonomic units (OTUs). The majority of clone sequences belonged to Ascomycota while members of other fungal phyla were recovered at much lower frequencies. Molecular diversity analysis in Dukan Lake revealed the existence of fungi belonged to Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Helotiales, Mortierellales, Eurotiales, whereas Capnodiales, Onygenales, Pezizales, and Xylariales were detected in relatively minor abundances in the Dukan Lake ecosystem. In conclusion, molecular techniques using ITS rDNA-based PCR cloning/ sequencing is currently used as an effective tool to investigate the complex fungal communities in the aquatic systems however additional studies using next generation sequencing are needed for descriptive details regarding the occurrence and abundance of fungi in aquatic environments.
Developing of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Model for Sulaimani City
Authors: Hamaamin Yaseen
Published: August 2018

The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships are crucial for water resources planning, management and design of hydraulic structures. Sulaimani City is one of the largest cities in Iraq, needs special stormwater management due to rapid development in land use. In this study IDF curves were generated from daily rainfall data for different rainfall durations (10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720, 1440 minutes) with returning frequencies of (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 years), to predict rainfall intensity in different durations and return frequencies for Sulaimani City. Furthermore, an average empirical formula was developed, to be used as a general equation to predict the rainfall intensity at any duration and returning period straightforwardly. Results of the study showed a good match between the rainfall intensities using the general empirical formula compared to the IDF curves with excellent coefficient of determination (R2=1) between results from the empirical formula and the IDF curves. Also performance of theempirical equation was confirmed through a chi-square test between rainfall intensity values for both the IDF curves and the empirical equation.
Effect of level combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in a calcareous soil from Sulaimani province
Authors: Mam-Rasul Ghafoor
Published: August 2018

A field experiment was carried out in the Research Farm of the College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, during the winter season of  2014 to evaluate the effect of levels combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield of faba bean( Vicia faba L.). The experiment was arranged in arandomized completeblock design (RCBD) with three replicates.  The results indicate that the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had no significant effect on most studied growth characteristics of faba bean except for the plant height. The greatest plant height was observed from the application of 78 kg N ha-1and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1(T3) fertilizers. Chlorophyll content index (CCI) was not affected by the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. The highest chlorophyll content index was found under the application of 98 kg N ha-1 and 250 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T4) to the soil.  Statistical analysis revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had no significant effect on the value of harvest index, the highest value of harvest index 43.93%  was shown from the application of 98 kg N ha-1 and 250 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T4).  Phosphorus application had no significant effect on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). The lower phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was observed at highest P rates application, the maximum PUE (86.40) was observed from the combination of  58 kg N ha-1 with 150 P2O2 kg ha-1 (T2), and it decreased at higher P rate application to (61.22).
Batch and Flow injection Spectrophotometric Methods For Determination of Folic acid in Pharmaceutical Preparations using Cerium(IV) ammonium sulphate(CAS) as an oxidant.
Authors: Baban Shirwan , Azeez Kurdistan
Published: August 2018

A simple, rapid and sensitive batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of folic acid (FA) in pure form and in its pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed methods involve the addition of a measured excess of cerium (IV) ammonium sulphate (CAS) in acidic medium followed by determination of unreacted CAS by reacting with a fixed amount of methylene blue (MB) and measuring the absorbance at 665 nm. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters have been evaluated. Linearity was observed from 1-10 and 4.0-20.0 μg/ml folic acid by batch and flow injection procedures, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results and comparison with results by the British Pharmacopoeia method are also reported.
Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en trabajadores administrativos del tránsito departamental del atlántico, 2017
Authors: Aparicio Reales Maria José , Hereira Pérez Kelly
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: La presente investigación fue realizada en el Tránsito Departamental del Atlántico, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores del área administrativa durante el periodo febrero-abril de 2017. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, enmarcado dentro del paradigma positivista. La muestra fue conformada por 42 empleados. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, con una consistencia interna de 0,7948, y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de percepción del estrés. El análisis consistió principalmente en determinar la prevalencia del síndrome y las asociaciones entre las variables de estudio y las subescalas del test. Resultados: La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue del 17 %, 29% en alto riesgo, 31% de la muestra en mediano riesgo y 24% en riesgo bajo, asimismo una baja realización personal. Se encontró una relación estadística significativa entre la subescala cansancio emocional y las variables sexo, condición del puesto de trabajo, agotamiento físico y estrés; asimismo, entre la despersonalización y las variables sexo y carga laboral; y, entre la realización personal y el estrés. Conclusión: Se requiere tomar medidas urgentes para erradicar los 7 casos detectados y evitar que la población en alto y mediano riesgo llegue a presentar el síndrome.
Lesión hepática severa inducida por carbamazepina asociado a necrolisis epidérmica tóxica. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Marrugo B Wilson R. , Ortega Q Rolando J.
Published: August 2018

La necrolisis epidérmica toxica y el síndrome de Stevens- johnson son trastornos raros y mortales, caracterizado por una lesión severa de la piel y mucosa. Estos trastornos son una misma condición, se diferencia por el grado de afección de la superficie corporal total. La reacción de hipersensibilidad de los fármacos es la etiología más frecuente de estas dos entidades; por otro lado, el hígado es también una diana de las lesiones causadas por medicamentos, pudiendo conducir hasta una hepatitis severa y hasta en peor de los casos falla hepática aguda, llevando a ictericia, encefalopatía y coagulopatia. El presente caso es un paciente que sufre un trauma craneoencefálico con presencia de hematoma subdural, días después inicia el consumo de carbamazepina como profilaxis anticonvulsivante y acetaminofén para el dolor, generando lesión en piel que comprometían más de un 30% de la superficie corporal, lesión hepática severa con elevación marcada de transaminasas y encefalopatía, que bien podría corresponder al hematoma subdural o a la lesión hepática; esto genero gran interés.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Buffer for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction by Cucurbita maxima Duch. Grown on Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Okon Okon G. , Okon J.E. , Eneh G.D.O.
Published: August 2018

This study evaluated the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (Rhizophagus irregularis) fungi inoculation (M) on the growth ofCucurbita maximaand as a buffer against phytoextraction of selected heavy metals (HM) (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb) from a soil contaminated with crude oil (C). The experiment was set up using four soil treatments, each with three replicates C+ M-, C+ M+, C-M+ and C-M- (control without oil and inoculum). The shoot length, petiole length, number of nodes, leaf area and percentage germination ofC. maximawere significantly (p=0.05) reduced in uninoculated crude oil treatment (C+ M-), unpolluted mycorrhizal inoculated treatments (C-M+) showed remarkable response in growth parameters above the control (C-M-), while the polluted and inoculated treatment (C+ M+) showed significant (p=0.05) increase in growth parameters when compared to the polluted uninoculated treatment (C+ M-). Heavy metals analysis revealed a significant (p=0.05) difference in the heavy metal accumulation ofC. maxima. The heavy metals analyzed in this study are present thus inC. maxima; Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd. Crude oil polluted uninoculated treatment (C+ M-) recorded the highest concentrations of heavy metals than crude oil polluted inoculated (R. irregularis) treatment (C+ M+). Mycorrhizal inoculated unpolluted treatment (C-M+) and unpolluted uninoculated treatment (C-M-) indicated the lowest heavy metal concentrations. Inoculation withR. irregularissignificantly (p=0.05) reduced heavy metals uptake byC. maximaas observed in this study. Also, the negative effect of crude oil on AMF root colonization ofC. maximabyR. irregulariswas observed in polluted and inoculated treatment. HM often accumulate in the top layer of soil, therefore, are available for uptake by plants via roots, which is a major entry point of HM that ultimately affects different physiological processes. AM fungi can impinge on the chemical properties of heavy metals in the soil, their absorption by the host plant, and their allocation to different plant parts, affecting plant growth and the bioremediation process, thus making the AM fungi a suitable buffer for mitigating heavy metal stress onC. maxima.
Educação a Distância: Identificação dos Fatores que Contribuíram para a Evasão dos Alunos no Curso de Gestão Empresarial da Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa
Authors: Colpani Rogério
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que contribuíram para a evasão de alunos no curso de Gestão Empresarial, modalidade a distância, ofertado pela Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa. Os resultados obtidos por meio de uma análise no Sistema de Gestão de Alunos apontaram alto índice de evasão, sendo de 56,48% o percentual dos alunos desistentes. Os resultados, advindos dos 26 alunos evadidos que formaram a amostra, apresentaram de modo geral a falta de incentivo e apoio de familiares, da instituição de ensino e da organização em que trabalhavam para a realização do curso. Como a maioria dos evadidos trabalhava, apresentou dificuldades em entregar as atividades propostas dentro dos prazos previstos. Além disso, é possível inferir que houve desejo de utilização de material impresso para nortear o processo de construção do conhecimento e a necessidade de aulas presenciais. Contudo, é possível verificar que os alunos evadidos reservavam um tempo médio diário entre 2 a 3 horas para se dedicar à realização das atividades do curso e havia condições (materiais, físicas e ambientais) de estudo. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Evasão; Gestão de alunos. Distance Education: Identification of Factors that Contributed to Student Withdrawal in the Business Management Course of the Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa.AbstratThe objective of the study is to identify the factors that contributed to student withdrawal in the Business Management Course, offered at a distance by the Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa. The data obtained through an analysis of the Student Management System showed a high dropout rate, where 56.48% of the students dropped out. Results from 26 dropout students that participated in the study, mostly showed a lack of encouragement and support by family members, by the educational institution and by their employer. Most of the students in the study group were employed and had difficulty in meeting the deadlines of the proposed activities. Also, it is possible to say there was a desire to use printed material to help with the process of building knowledge and to meet face-to-face. However, the study showed that the dropouts dedicated between 2 to 3 hours daily to work on course activities in normal study conditions (material, physical, and ambient). Keywords: Distance Education; Withdrawal; Drop out; Student management.
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE INCENTIVO AO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E AMAMENTAÇÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO EM ENFERMAGEM EM FLORIANÓPOLIS, UMA CAPITAL AO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Micheloto Giuliana Montagna , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: August 2018

O estudo objetivou compreender como as mães e os profissionais de enfermagem experienciam as políticas públicas em aleitamento materno no seu processo de cuidado e relacionando com a identificação de alguns fatores associados à manutenção da amamentação. Utilizou-se as abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados em 2008, em uma amostra de 1073 crianças de0 a1 ano de idade. Foram calculados os fatores associados à sua manutenção da amamentação utilizando testes estatísticos. A coleta dos dados qualitativos foi realizada com 3 grupos amostrais, totalizando 31 participantes, no período de abril a agosto de 2012 e abril de 2013, por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada. Observou-se associação significativa entre aleitamento materno amamentação na primeira hora, licença maternidade e mães que não trabalham, local de consulta no serviço público de saúde e nascimento em Hospitais Amigos da Criança. Como resultado qualitativo foi apresentado uma categoria e duas subcategorias que representam a “condição interveniente”, componente do modelo paradigmático, segundo a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, representado pela Categoria Confrontando-se com as políticas públicas em aleitamento materno com suas subcategorias: revelando o conhecimento e o desconhecimento nas políticas públicas em aleitamento materno e identificando as fragilidade e potencialidades das políticas públicas em aleitamento materno.