bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of physical morphologies and strain rate on piezoelectric potential of boron nitride nanotubes: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ghashami Gholamreza , Moghimi Zand Mahdi , Mahnama Maryam , Allaei S Mehdi Vaez , López-Suárez Miquel
Published: October 2023

The growing demand for self-powered systems and the slow progress in energy storage devices have led to the emergence of piezoelectric materials as a promising solution for energy harvesting. This study aims to investigate the effects of chirality, length, and strain rate on the piezoelectric potential of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) through molecular dynamics simulation. Accurate data and guidance are provided to explain the piezoelectricity of chiral nanotubes, as the piezoelectric potentials of these nanotubes have previously remained unclear. The present study focuses on calculating the effect of these parameters based on the atomic model. The observed results stem from the frequencies and internal deformations, as the axial frequencies and deformations exhibit more substantial modifications compared to transverse directions. The piezoelectricity was found to depend on chirality, with the order of BNNT piezoelectricity sufficiency being in the sequence of zigzag > chirality > armchair configurations. The length of the BNNTs was also found to influence piezoelectricity, while the strain rate had no effect. The results also indicate that BNNTs can generate power in the milliwatts range, which is adequate for low-power electronic devices and Internet of Things applications. This research provides valuable insights into the piezoelectricity of chiral nanotubes and offers guidance for designing efficient energy harvesting devices.
A self-balanced electron-emissive double Langmuir probe drawing no electron loss from its diagnosed plasma
Authors: Yip Chi-Shung , Jin Chenyao , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Xu Guo Sheng
Published: October 2023

In this work, a new form of double Langmuir probe (DLP) system, an emissive double Langmuir probe (EDLP), which connects a collecting probe tip and an electron-emitting probe tip to form a DLP system, has been proposed as a replacement of the currently more common asymmetric double Langmuir probes (ADLPs). The EDLP was both computationally and experimentally investigated in this work. Using an emissive probe to provide an emission current I
E to balance the electron collection current I
C,e, the EDLP can obtain a full I–V trace when I
E,TL > I
C,es and be used in a similar manner to a single Langmuir probe with the exception that the EDLP, as with the ADLP, does not measure the local plasma potential. I
E,TL ≫ I
C,es can be realized on an EDLP without needing the much larger ion collection area required by the ADLP, and at I
E,TL ∼ 2I
C,es the relative error between the EDLP and a single Langmuir probe is ∼15% due to space-charge limited effects, which is better than that of the ADLP at ∼30% under similar conditions. The performance of an EDLP depends on whether its electron emission current sufficiently offsets its electron-collecting current, making it particularly fitting for scenarios where the plasma density is low but a large probe is difficult to employ due to the limited balancing ion current. This makes the EDLP potentially useful on satellites, which operate in very low temperature plasmas with a limited ion loss area to balance a Langmuir probe’s electron-collecting current. With the advances in highly emitting materials, EDLPs are expected to significantly remove the design barriers of Langmuir probes on satellites.
Transparent superhydrophilic metal oxide coating with mechanical and chemical robustness for photocatalytic self-cleaning applications
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Nobi , Lee Sung-Jun , Kim Chang-Lae
Published: October 2023

A photoactive TiO2-KH550 (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) - PEG (Polyethelyneglycol) coating film with excellent superhydrophilicity is deposited on a glass substrate by means of the dip coating method for self-cleaning applications. The effects of the number of coating layers, molecular weight of PEG (200–8000), surface roughness, and film thickness on the hydrophilicity of the film coated on the glass substrate are analyzed. In addition, the mechanical durability, and thermal and chemical stability of the coated film are studied. The tribological properties (friction coefficient and wear track) of the film coated on the glass substrate are investigated. The photo-catalyzed self-cleaning properties of the film are also evaluated. In addition, the effect of withdrawal speed on the optical properties (transmittance) of the film are investigated by obtaining and analyzing its UV spectra. The results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the TiO2 coating film decreased as its surface roughness and thickness increased. The TiO2-KH550-PEG coating fabricated using PEG with a low molecular weight of 400 exhibited a smooth and uniform morphology. The composite TiO2 coating film prepared herein exhibited excellent mechanical durability in a sandpaper abrasion test and retained its superhydrophilicity under harsh chemical conditions (strong acidic and basic media). The coated glass substrate presented superior wear resistance compared to that of the uncoated glass substrate. Moreover, the transparent TiO2 composite film coating exhibited excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning properties. Therefore, it is expected that the TiO2 composite film coated on glass has good potential for use in applications such as window glasses, architectural buildings, and photovoltaic modules.
Modelling and simulation of electrical analogous for permanent magnet materials
Authors: Fernandez Antonio Paulo Rodrigues , Perigo Elio Alberto , de Faria Junior Rubens Nunes
Published: October 2023

Expressions to simulate the intrinsic demagnetizing curve of permanent magnets are derived from the classical electrical analogy of a 2RLC circuit as an equivalent to a magnet under demagnetization in a closed magnetic circuit. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical intrinsic M x H curves were carried out for hard magnetic materials, and the possibility of using this analogous circuit with two components has also been investigated. The demagnetization curves of permanent sintered magnets have been simulated with time domain analytical expressions obtained using an electric equivalent circuit analogous to a closed magnetic circuit. This has been carried out for magnets measured at room temperature and at 373 K. Equivalent electric parameters influenced the various regions of the demagnetization curve. It has also been shown that it was possible to simulate the demagnetization curve of rare earth magnets and also other types of permanent magnets. The Stoner-Wohlfarth model theoretical curves have also been used as a comparison. At last, the electrical analogous parameters have been systematically varied in order to correlate them to the magnetic properties.
Constraints on cosmological model in Weyl-Cartan spacetime from astronomical measurements
Authors: Wang Jun , Qiang Ling-Xuan , Zhao Yi-Fei , Yin Qing-Yuan , Chen Xue-You
Published: October 2023

In order to give some lights on the issue of Hubble tension, alternative to Riemannian spacetime, we investigate a cosmological model in Weyl-Cartan spacetime by astronomical measurements, where a new density parameter Ω
ϕ
is introduced to denote the non-Riemannian spacetime structure, which scales as ∼(1 + z)6. Based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation and taking astronomical measurements of cosmic microwave background (Planck 2018), baryon acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernova (Pantheon), model parameters of our considering case are constrained. Our results show that Hubble tension cannot be alleviated in Weyl-Cartan cosmology. However, constraints on the parameter Ω
ϕ
can not be distinguished from ΛCDM model in 1σ confidence region. Moreover, the space of the Universe is infinite and unbounded, and an upper limit of the model parameter Ω
ϕ
is also obtained. Additionally, it is worth noting that results obtained in this work are valid for models that the scaling behavior of density parameters is same to our considering case.
Tunable double-layer dual-band metamaterial with negative mass density
Authors: Yang Xiao , Hao Limei , Yan Xiaole , Liu Dong-an , Guo Jifeng , Cheng Hong , Pang Shaofang , Xie You , Chen Zhi
Published: October 2023

Due to the huge structure and low efficiency of acoustic metamaterial (AM) with local resonance, a tunable dual-band AM with nested double layer hollow tube (NDLHT) is presented here, which is achieved by adjusting the inner or outer layer tube’s lengths or diameters to modulate the frequency band with the negative mass density. In addition, an accurate resonant frequency formula for OE-CE (Open End-Close End) NDLHT was derived based on the principle of standing wave resonance. The theoretical calculated resonant frequencies exhibit in good agreement with the simulated frequencies. Thus, the structural unit can then be actively constructed in the desired response frequency range using the geometric parameters that were obtained from this theoretical formula. This type of the nested AM with negative mass density has the advantages of high space utilization, active design, programmed modelling, customized production, 3D quantitative printing and is easily combined with other structure units with negative modulus to prepare AM with double negative in the desired frequency band.
Nonlinear optical response of silver trimer adsorbed para-aminobenzoic acid: A DFT study
Authors: Lakhera Shradha , Devlal Kamal , Rana Meenakshi
Published: October 2023

The reported study is motivated by our previously done experimental demonstration of the optical limiting behavior of para-aminobenzoic acid and enhanced nonlinear optical responses of compounds with Ag3 nanoparticle complex. The present study is a theoretical insight into the nonlinear optical responses of para-aminobenzoic acid adsorbed with Ag3 trimer. The enhancement in the optical nonlinearity of the para-aminobenzoic acid after the adsorption of the silver trimer (Ag3) was accounted in the present study. The density functional theory was used to establish the occurrence of the intra and intermolecular charge transfer between the donor and acceptor moieties of the para-aminobenzoic acid and Ag3 trimer. The molecular electrostatic potential surface and inter-fragment charge transfer analysis were used to establish the donor nature of the Ag3 trimer, amino group, and acceptor of the carboxyl group. The absorption spectra and Fourier-transform infrared spectra were used to account for the electronic and vibrational modes. The value of first-order hyperpolarizability of para-aminobenzoic acid and Ag3 complex was observed to increase by six times that of para-aminobenzoic acid. The high value of first-order hyperpolarizability shows the potential nonlinear optical activity of para-aminobenzoic acid adsorbed with Ag3 trimer. The presented study forms a strong base for experimental demonstration of the nonlinear optical activity of the PABA and the silver nanoparticles and the experimental work will be done in the near future for the NLO responses and optical limiting activity of PABA combined with silver nanoparticles.
Investigation on the impact of cobalt doping on optical, structural and magnetic properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Shradha , Mukherjee Samrat
Published: October 2023

In the current article, we investigated the impact of transition metal Co2+ doping in ZnO nanoparticles and its effect on their optical, structural, and magnetic properties. The synthesized nanoparticles have the generic formula Zn1-xCoxO (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09). Single-phase hexagonal crystal structure of the synthesized nanopowder was confirmed by x-ray diffractograms. Tauc plots were used to calculate the band gap of all the samples. Multiple emission peaks were observed from the photoluminescence studies. HRTEM was employed to study the particle morphology and the size distribution. X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy was performed to investigate the chemical composition of samples. Magnetic measurements were carried out to study the magnetic behaviour of pure and doped ZnO samples. Ferromagnetic behaviour became more prominent with the addition of Co doping, as observed by room temperature M-H plots.
Initial study on thermal stability of cold spray tantalum coating irradiated with deuterium for fusion applications
Authors: Ialovega Mykola , Dabney Tyler , Navarro Gonzalez Marcos , Yeom Hwasung , Velez Danah , Willing Evan , Anderson Jay K , Angot Thierry , Bisson Régis , Forest Cary , Kreter Arkadi , Schmitz Oliver , Sridharan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Removal of neutral hydrogen atoms in the plasma edge reduces the number of charge exchange events and thus, the net energy losses in the plasma, significantly improving performance of fusion devices. Effective control of the residual pressure of hydrogen isotopes (HIs) in the plasma edge may be achieved by utilizing a hydrogen absorbing first wall interface capable of withstanding the harsh fusion environment. In this study, we have investigated tantalum (Ta) coating deposited by cold spray technology on 316L stainless steel substrate as a potential plasma-facing material surface. High fluence low energy deuterium plasma irradiation experiments and subsequent thermal annealing cycles associated with thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) demonstrated superior structural stability of the Ta coating. TDS experiments revealed the outgassing of deuterium (as measure of its retention) for cold spray Ta coatings to be three times higher than bulk Ta and two orders of magnitude greater than bulk polycrystalline W. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed evolution of oxidation states upon deuterium irradiation and a partial recovery of the metallic signature of Ta after the thermal treatment at 1100 K.
Quantum image encryption based on Baker map and DNA circular shift operation
Authors: Liu Xingbin
Published: October 2023

Quantum computation can improve the efficiency of image processing by utilizing parallelism and superposition characteristics. In this paper, a quantum cryptosystem based on Baker map and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) circular shift operation is designed. Firstly, the digital image to be encrypted is firstly represented with a novel enhanced quantum representation model. Then quantum Baker map is used to permutate the position information of the prepared quantum image. Next, the designed DNA circular shift operation is performed to preliminarily change the color information of the scrambled image. Finally, the ciphertext image is obtained by implementing the exclusive OR (XOR) operation between the pseudo-random sequence generated by a four-dimensional (4D) hyper-chaotic system and the DNA shift operated image. Numerical experimental results and security analysis verify that the proposed scheme has good performance at securing information storage and transmission as the histograms of ciphertexts are uniform, the correlation coefficient values of three directions are very close to 0, the average information entropy is 7.9972, the key space is more than 1015×4 to resist brute-force attack. Furthermore, it has lower computational complexity compared with classical algorithms.
Primarily investigation with multiple methods on permafrost state around a rapid change lake in the interior of the Tibet Plateau
Authors: Ding Zekun , Niu Fujun , Mu Yanhu , He Peifeng , Gao Zeyong , Fan Xingwen
Published: October 2023

Changes of the lakes on high-altitude regions of the Tibet Plateau influence the state of the surrounding permafrost. Due to the climate warming and wetting trend, extreme events including lake outburst has occurred more frequent. In 2011, an outburst event occurred on the Zonag Lake and this event changed the water distribution in the basin, leading a rapid expansion of the Tailwater lake, named as the Salt Lake. However, the construction of the drainage channel in the Salt Lake ended the expansion process and the shrinkage of the lake started since 2020. To investigate the permafrost state around the Salt Lake, multiple methods, including drilling boreholes, the unmanned aerial vehicle survey and the ground penetrating radar detection have been applied. By integrating these multi-source data, the thermal regime, topography and the spatial distribution of the permafrost around the Salt Lake were analyzed. The result showed that the permafrost state around the Salt Lake was related to the distance from the lake water. The permafrost table appears at 90 m away from the Salt Lake and interrupted by a nearby thermokarst lake at 220 m. The ground temperature in the natural field is 0.2 °C lower than the temperature in the lake at a depth of −5 m.
PM2.5 data inputs alter identification of disadvantaged communities
Authors: Carter Therese S , Kerr Gaige Hunter , Amini Heresh , Martin Randall V , Ovienmhada Ufuoma , Schwartz Joel , van Donkelaar Aaron , Anenberg Susan
Published: October 2023

Communities of color and lower income are often found to experience disproportionate levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in the US (Pope and Dockery 2006 J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
56 709–42; Brook et al 2010 Circulation
121 2331–78; Tessum et al 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabf4491). The federal and several state governments use relatively coarsely resolved (12 km) PM2.5 concentration estimates to identify overburdened communities. Newly available PM2.5 datasets estimate concentrations at increasingly high spatial resolutions (50 m–1 km), with different magnitudes and spatial patterns, potentially affecting assessments of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic exposure disparities. We show that two recently available high-resolution datasets from the scientific community and the 12 km dataset are consistent for national and regional average, but not intraurban, PM2.5 concentration disparities in 2019. The datasets consistently indicate that regional average PM2.5 concentrations are higher in the least White (by 3%–65%) and most Hispanic census tracts (2%–47%), compared with in the most Non-Hispanic White tracts. However, in nine of the ten most populous cities, the three datasets differ on the order of least-to-most exposed population subgroups. We identified 1029 tracts (representing ∼4.5 million people) as disadvantaged (⩾65th percentile for poverty and ⩾90th percentile PM2.5 as defined by the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool) in all three datasets, 335 tracts (∼1.5 million people) as disadvantaged using both high-resolution datasets but not the 12 km dataset, and 695 tracts (∼2.7 million people) as disadvantaged in the 12 km dataset but not the high-resolution datasets. The 12 km dataset does not capture intraurban disparities and may mischaracterize disproportionately exposed neighborhoods. The high-resolution PM2.5 datasets can be further improved by ground-truthing with observations from rapidly expanding ground and mobile monitoring and by integrating across available datasets.
GC-MS method for identification of organic chemical compounds nutmeg flesh of North Minahasa local varieties
Authors: Paat F J , Wantasen S , Toding M M , Pakasi S E , Tumbelaka S , Kaligis J B , Turang D A S , Porong J V , Linggi R J
Published: October 2023

The organic chemical compound Myristica fragrans has been identified in North Minahasa Regency. This study succeeded in identifying Neoisolongifolane, hydroxy-, 1HCyclopropa [a]naphthalene, 1a, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7a, 7b-octahydro-1, 1, 7, 7a-tetramethyl, [1aR(1aα,7a,7aα,7bα)]-; 4,7-Methanoazulene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-octahydro-1, 4, 9, 9-tetramethyl-, [1S-(1a,4a,7a)]-; Patchouli alcohol, 1(2H)- Naphthalenone, octahydro-4a, 8a-dimethyl-7-(1-ethylethyl)- [4aR-(4aα,7ß,8aα)]-, and Isoleden.
The effect of biological fertilizer and organic fertilizer in growth and biomass of Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) from Simalungun accession
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sidabutar A
Published: October 2023

The demand for Pegagan plants to be used as medicine continues to increase yearly. One alternative to increase the productivity of Pegagan is by giving organic fertilizer. Therefore, it is essential to study the influences of giving biofertilizer and organic fertilizer based on the dose used in increasing the growth and biomass of Pegagan. Here, two treatments were applied: biofertilizer (BF): 0, 1, 2, and 3 ml/L and organic fertilizer (OF): 0, 3.650, 7.301, and 10.952 tons/ha with three replications. If the significant variance were fulfilled, Duncan’s Multiple Distance Test with a level of 5% would be continued. The results demonstrated that the administration of biofertilizer revealed no notable effect on all observed parameters. The interaction between biofertilizer and organic fertilizer also had no notable impact on all parameters. In conclusion, applying organic fertilizer could notably improve the number of primary tendrils, leaf fresh weight per plot, and root fresh weight per plot.
Total chlorophyll and root nodules at various ages of soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in the wet-dry season
Authors: Hamawi M , Rosanti E , Rahma R A A
Published: October 2023

Plants have a vulnerability to climate change. Soybean plants must be able to adapt to climate change stresses so that physiological processes and plant development run well and produce optimal soybean seed production. Planting soybean cultivars that can withstand climate change is recommended to maintain soybean production. The effect of soybean cultivars and plant age on the nodules’ amount and leaf chlorophyll content planted during the wet-dry season needs to be studied. The study was designed with a factorial randomised block design and was repeated three times. The first factor is soybean cultivars, and the second factor is planting time. Parameters observed were weather data, chlorophyll content, nodules’ amount, and nodules’ mass. The results showed that the Gepak Hijau and Gepak Kuning cultivars planted at different times had significantly different root nodules’ amount and dry mass of root nodules, while there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content. The nodules’ amount positively correlated with the total chlorophyll. Relative humidity and rainfall reduce the nodules amount and the total chlorophyll. Solar radiation promotes growth in the nodules’ amount and the total chlorophyll.
Potential of marine organic waste: chemical characteristics of compost from marine organic waste Kuala Indah Beach, North Sumatra
Authors: Hidayat B , Sebayang N U W , Jamilah  , Akbar A M
Published: October 2023

Marine debris was a direct threat to marine habitats, human health, and navigational safety, resulting in serious socio-economic losses. Marine organic waste management can be done by turning it into compost that can be used as a nutrient addition. It can also be used as a solution to be diminished marine waste considering that the sea had many roles to support the lives of living things and maintain ecosystems. This study aimed to examined some characteristics of compost from marine organic waste and gave information on waste management for sustainable agriculture. This study was carried out at Kuala Indah Beach, Sei Suka District, Batu Bara Regency, Indonesia. The composting process was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The analysis was carried out at the Research and Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The composting process used the Berkeley method with the addition of EM4. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of marine organic waste compost by Indonesian National Standard (SNI 19-7030-2004) with a macronutrient content of 2.40% Nitrogen; Phosphorus 0.53%; and Potassium 0.45% with a pH of 6.95 (neutral) and a compost C/N ratio of 17.33.
Visual screening of potassium solubilizing bacteria for increasing the solubilization of potassium minerals
Authors: Akasah W , Chou L S
Published: October 2023

Research on potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) has recently gained attention, most of it has been focused on the size of the halo zone; however, information regarding KSB growth duration and their potential to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture and to be used as a biofertilizer are still lacking. The aim of this study was to offer a complete, long-term observation of KSB growth. We monitored the growth of two KSB strains that were isolated from the rhizosphere for 7 days on Modified Aleksandrov Medium (MAM) plates. We specifically designed the observation times. These methods were used to distinguish KSB’s capability to solubilize potassium minerals. The results indicated that KSB-12 isolate was capable of producing organic acid and thus solubilizing potassium faster than KSB-19 isolate at 1-4 days of incubation. Interestingly, the solubilizing zone of the KSB-12 isolate decrease after 5 days of incubation, while KSB-19 isolate continued to grow, maintain cell numbers, produce organic acids, and continuously release potassium. Different types of volatile and non-volatile organic acids have an effect on this phenomenon. In conclusion, we provided a well-designed time series study regarding the potassium solubilization efficiency of KSB, determining the fastest and longest strains of potential KSBs.
Assessment of potential soil degradation on various land uses in Keduang Watershed
Authors: Istiqomah N M , Cahyono O , Mujiyo M , Ariyanto D P , Maro’ah S , Romadhon M R , Irmawati V
Published: October 2023

Keduang watershed is a catchment area in the Wonogiri and Karanganyar districts, contributing 38.33% of sedimentation to the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. High value population pressure is present on agricultural land in the Keduang watershed, triggering increasingly serious land degradation. Degradation in the upstream sub-watershed has a strong effect on the downstream areas. Impacts of land degradation include a decrease in land productivity and farmers’ income, as well as the occurrence of critical land. Assessment of the potential soil degradation is important as an early indicator to determine the distribution of areas that have potential soil degradation for physical, chemical, and biological soil. This research was conducted in the Keduang watershed with the land use type consisting of paddy field, wood, moor, and plantation that overlayed through land use, rainfall, slope, and soil type map. The method used in this research is guided qualification. The result showed that the Keduang watershed has a soil degradation class from low to high. The medium class dominated the potential for soil degradation in Keduang watershed with the highest potential for degradation refers to moor with a slope of >40%, rainfall of 1908 mm/year, and Inceptisols soil type.
Seed biopriming using saline soil rhizobacteria from the coast of Kolaka Regency for enhancing seed viability and vigor of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.)
Authors: Sutariati G A K , Bahrun A , Khaeruni A , Rahni N M , Rakian T C , Madiki A , Mudi L , Amartani K , Wibawa G N A
Published: October 2023

The research was conducted to identify indigenous rhizobacteria that can be useful as growth promoters and adapted to saline soils. The isolate was isolated from saline soil rhizosphere on the coast in Kolaka district. The research was conducted in the Lab of Agronomy, on Agricultural Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research carry out from April to September 2022. The study arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) using of 15 test isolates. The test was carried out using a seed biopriming technique, then the seeds were germinated using a standard germination procedure. The results showed that all tested rhizobacterial isolates increase the viability and vigor of tomato seeds. There was an increase in maximum growth potential, seed germination, vigor index, and relative growth rate of seeds in the range of 85% to 89% when compared to control. There were 3 isolates of rhizobacteria which were more capable of reducing T50 and increasing seed germination of tomato seeds, namely KL6, KL10 and KL14 isolates. Further research is still needed to test the effectiveness of this isolate to increase tomato growth and yield under conditions of salinity stress in the field.
Effect of zeolite and neem oil on N-soil form and efficiency of urea fertilization in rice fields
Authors: Sarifuddin  , Darmayanti
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to evaluate the influence of urea fertilizer and different types of amendments on the form of nitrogen in soil, the growth of rice plants, and the effectiveness of urea fertilization in lowland rice. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture’s Greenhouse in Universitas Sumatera Utara. A factorial randomized block design was employed in this study with two factors, namely, the dose of urea fertilizer 0, 100, and 200 kg N Ha−1 and the type of amendments: Control (without amendment), Neem oil, Zeolite mix, and Zeolite coated. According to the findings, the application of urea had a notable impact on the levels of N-NH4
+ and N-NO3
−, as well as height of plant, tiller count, dry weight of shoot and root, N plant, N-uptake, N-uptake efficiency (% recovery), and reduced soil pH. Zeolite and neem oil significantly increased N-NH4
+, decreased N-NO3
−, increased N-uptake, and raised soil pH. The interaction of urea and the type of amendments material significantly decreased N-NO3
−. Applying a combination of 100 kg N Ha−1 of urea and zeolite mix was found to be effective in enhancing the efficiency of N-uptake in lowland rice.
Effect of mulch weight on temperature, soil moisture and vegetative growth of Sigambiri Merah in lowlands
Authors: Kusbiantoro D , Siregar L A M , Hanum C , Mawarni L
Published: October 2023

Rice is staple food source for most Indonesians. However, highland rice development on dry land is regularly isolated by action makers who find it simple to development paddy construction. One of the cultivation techniques to achieve maximum production of upland rice in dry land is by modifying the microclimate in the roots zone using organic mulch. The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, Sempali, Medan. The research method is a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. Mulch thickness (M) used as treatment, consisted of without mulch (M0), 20 t/Ha (M1), 25 t/Ha (M2), and 30 t/Ha (M3). Observations were invented insanely by expansive two fragment for each analysis 28 days after planting (DAP). As a result, we found that multi-weight is efficient in reducing soil temperature and increasing soil moisture compared to without mulch, but there is no improvement in the vegetative growth of Sigambiri Merah because it was still in the early stages of rice growth.
Analysis of problems in increasing beef production with the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) approach in North Sumatera
Authors: Darus M B , Lindawati
Published: October 2023

The consumption rate is not in line with the rate of beef production, causing problems in fulfilling beef. This study aims to explore problems in increasing beef production and to create graphs and hierarchical diagrams of priority problem solving using the Interpretative Structural Modeling method. The shortage of beef production is caused by several problems, including 1) slaughtering productive female cattle, 2) reproductive disorders due to disease and malnutrition, 3) limited productive females as breeders, 4) limited skilled workers in the field of artificial insemination, 5) limited superior bulls, 6) limited knowledge about cattle farming, 7) small business ownership scale, 8) lack of motivation of farmers, 9) limited insight in feed processing technology, 10) limited capital, 11) limitations sources of feed or limited supply of grazing land due to land conversion, 12) Imports of cattle, 13) Sales of cattle outside North Sumatra, 14) Prices of beef. The final results of the Reachability Matrix have 3 categories of problem solving based on graphs and hierarchies, namely Top-Level variables sub elements E1 and E2, then Middle Level variables sub elements E11, (E2 with E3), E9, E6, E14, E4 and E7 and Low Level Variables sub elements E10, E5, E12 and E13.
Industrial analysis of cattle feedlot companies in Indonesia
Authors: Agustiar R , Triatmojo A , Guntoro B , Baliarti E
Published: October 2023

Cattle fattening increases following the increase of beef demand. Feedlot business is changing their structure recently. The policy of importing buffalo meat is suspected to have resulted in new market segmentation and changes in the supply chain of the beef market. This study aims to analyze the internal and external environment of the beef cattle feedlot industry. The research design used in this study through a mix of methods is descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The determination of the company’s research object in this study was determined by purposive sampling to analyze the internal and external environment of the industry. Based on porter’s internal mapping analysis, the business strategy is focused on controlling the impact of the growing issue based on the five strengths of the variable Porter analyzed. On the other hand, based on the external mapping of pestel analysis, political and regulatory actors are the main factors that have an impact as a threat to the environmental condition of the beef cattle feedlot industry. This study concluded that changes in the internal and external environment of the beef cattle feedlot industry formed changes in the supply chain of local beef from imported cattle.
Analysis of farmers satisfaction with the use of combine harvester for rice harvesting in farming in Ujong Tanoh Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency
Authors: Athaillah T , Adib  , Shalwati
Published: October 2023

The development of agricultural machinery has a big role in agriculture to increase farmers’ income. Harvest handling with machine aid is significantly more productive than manual harvesting in a sustainable agricultural system. The combine harvester is an example of a piece of agricultural equipment utilized in contemporary agriculture. The purpose of this study was to see how the level of farming community satisfaction with the use of the Combine Harvester machine in Ujong Tanah Village, Setia District, Aceh Barat Daya Regency. The method used in this study is the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to obtain valid (direct) data so that the level of satisfaction of the farming community with the use of the Combine Harvester can be determined. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the CSI for the confirmation of expectation indicators is 0.6126 or 61.26%. The CSI of the indicator of interest in reuse is 0.6477 or 64.78%. The CSI of the indicator of willingness to recommend is 0.6429 or 64.29%. The requirements for Quite Satisfied are met by the average CSI for agricultural community satisfaction with the usage of a combine harvester, which is 0.6344 or 63.44%.
Sustainability in adoption of new improved rice variety innovations in West Kalimantan Province: Review of economic aspects
Authors: Rizieq R , Ekawati  , Ellyta  , Bancin H D
Published: October 2023

New Improved varieties (NIV/VUB) are the cheapest technological innovation that can make rice production enhanced. Therefore, the utilization of VUB must be maintained. The purpose of this study was to determine the sustainability status and performance index of the adopting VUB innovation and its leveraging factors in terms of the economic aspect. Information related to the factors is highly needed for the sustainable use of the VUB. The data of this study were gradually obtained. The first stage was collecting information on the economic aspects and the driving factors of the sustainability in the adoption of new superior varietal innovations by conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). The second stage was interviewing experts about conditions and predictions of the driving factors. Multi-Aspect Sustainable Analysis (MSA) was applied to analyse the sustainability status and the factors. The results revealed sustainable adoption of the VUB concerning economic aspects. Moreover, performance of the economic aspects will increase in the future in terms of encouraging the sustainability of the adoption with assuming that conditions are unchanged despite the absence of the government intervention. The biggest driving factor of the economic aspect is credit granting.
Strategy for sustainable agroindustry development of grass jelly origin from Garunggang Village, Kuala Subdistrict, Langkat Regency
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Kesuma S I
Published: October 2023

Grass jelly (cincau) are the mainstay commodities for farmers in Garunggang Village because it is cultivated by more than 90% of farmers, with the traditional cultivation system. The objectives of this research are to identify and analyze internal and external factors and to analyze the strategy of developing sustainable grass jelly agroindustry. The Slovin method used to obtain a sample of 75 farmers. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. To assess strategies for developing sustainable grass jelly agroindustry, ten categories of respondents were determined, namely officers of the Regencial Agriculture Service, Provincial SME Association, Provincial Agriculture Service, Provincial Industry Service, extension worker, NGOs, village officer, lecturer, traders, and grass jelly consumers. In addition to the category of farmers, each category was represented by 1 respondent. Data were analyzed using SWOT Analysis Method. The results showed that the internal factors of sustainable grass jelly agroindustry development include the spirit of business actors/farmers and land area suitable for grass jelly cultivation; while the external factors include market/consumer demand for processed grass jelly and the development of the tourism sector in the region. Strategy for sustainable agroindustry development of grass jelly should be implemented with a diversification strategy.
Fairtrade on coffee farming in Takengon District, Central Aceh Regency
Authors: Sianturi U , Wibowo R P , Chalil D , Ginting K H , Pebriyani D , Damanik S M
Published: October 2023

Fairtrade in coffee farming has been widely applied in several coffee-producing countries. Not only providing a quality guarantee to coffee consumers, but fair trade also guarantees higher price and benefit for coffee farmers in exchange for all the efforts made during coffee cultivation. Gayo Coffee is one of the commodities that is being produced and becomes exporting commodity in Indonesia. The Fairtrade system has been implemented by coffee Gayo farmers in Takengon District Since 2018. There are two groups of Gayo Coffee farmers in Takengon District, non-fairtrade and fairtrade coffee farmers. The result of study shows that productivity incremental of non-fairtrade farmer is greater than fairtrade farmer due to the requirements of fairtrade such as the use of organic fertilizers which causes farmers’ productivity to be lower. However, income incremental of non-fairtrade farmer is lower than fairtrade farmer due to additional price that is only given to the fairtrade farmer.
Financial analysis and contribution of arabica coffee for sustainable coffee farming in Sitolu Bahal Village, Lintongnihuta Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency
Authors: Sihombing N , Supriana T , Salmiah
Published: October 2023

Coffee is one of the leading plantation commodities which has an important role in the economy. Coffee acts as a provider of employment, a source of income, and foreign exchange through exports. However, in carrying out coffee farming, farmers experience obstacles that can affect the level of income contribution from coffee farming which ultimately affects family income and the sustainability of coffee farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial feasibility of Arabica coffee farming and to determine the contribution of Arabica coffee agribusiness income to family income and sustainability of Arabica coffee farming. The determination of the research area was carried out by purposive sampling (sampling with a specific purpose) because Sitolu Bahal Village has the largest land area in Lintongnihuta Subdistrict. The analytical method used was the feasibility analysis, namely the analysis of NPV, Net B/C, and IRR methods, and the analysis of the proportions (contribution of family income) method. The research results showed that the NPV value was IDR 10,682,488.69, the Net B/C value was 28.85, and the IRR value was 44.24%. The contribution of Arabica coffee farming income to family income was 13%. This high contribution shows that the farming business is sustainable.
Automatic water table control system with remote telemetry and control unit
Authors: Saptomo S K , Arif C , Suwarno W B , Setiawan B I , Rusianto
Published: October 2023

A newly developed automatic control system effectively manages water tables using perforated pipes for both irrigation and drainage. Water levels are monitored by sensors connected to a Remote Telemetry Control Unit (RTCU), which operates irrigation and drainage valves. The system links to a cloud server, providing remote access through a user dashboard. This enables users to observe water level data and adjust the water table as needed. The system’s adaptability allows for regulation of rice field water levels based on cultivation requirements, enhancing water use efficiency, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. Operating at a laboratory scale for several months, the system’s performance in controlling water tables has been assessed using recorded data. The data reveal that the system automatically provides irrigation when water tables decrease and initiates drainage when rain increases water levels or when a lower level is set. This control ensures optimal soil moisture preservation, readily available to plant roots. Overall, the system demonstrates strong performance in maintaining water tables and soil moisture levels
Development of an automated precision planter for solanaceous vegetable seeds
Authors: Zamuco C T , Amongo R M C , Suministrado D C , Peralta E K
Published: October 2023

An automated precision planter was developed to mechanize the seedling preparation process. The machine was fabricated based on the seeds size and tray cells distance. It can precisely place single seeds per row in tray continuously. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper were used as test materials. Three vacuum pressures (0.68 kPa, 0.93 kPa, and 1.18 kPa) were used to determine the performance of the machine. Evaluated in terms of single seeds, double, multiple, missing cells, singulation efficiency, seed utilization efficiency, seeding efficiency and seeding capacity. Results showed it can plant single seeds with 57.81–86.98%, double with 4.95–29.43%, multiple with 0.09–4.25%, and missing cells with 4.43–36.89%. Also, the machine has a singulation efficiency of 63.98–93.91% with a seed utilization efficiency of 70.69–94.17%, seeding efficiency of 63.11–95.57% and a seeding capacity between 3,310 – 5,011 cells per hour which was 3.8 times faster than manual. The precision of the machine was affected by pressure and seed surface area which are highly significant on the performance of the machine. The total cost of the planter was $564.94 with a payback period of 1.41 years with a return on investment of 60.36 % using a custom rate of $0.055/tray.
Corn stem fiber fractionation by acid hydrolysis
Authors: Panggabean S , Sebayang E S , Sigalingging R
Published: October 2023

Fractionation was carried out by hydrolyzing corn stalk powder with 0.3 M HCl. The hydrolysis process was carried out with 3 variations of acid volume with 3 replications in each variation. This hydrolysis will be carried out at a temperature of 100 – 120°C for ± 60 minutes. The glucose level before hydrolysis was 9.7%. The average glucose levels produced after hydrolysis in each volume treatment were 8.56% at a volume of 600 ml, 8.4% at a volume of 650 ml, and 7.92% at a volume of 700 ml.
Understanding the traditional knowledge of picungan bandeng, a fermented fish food and its sustainability in Banten Province
Authors: Khastini R O , Maryani N , Haryati S , Rahmah R A , Sa’ban A , Aisyah H , Fadillah T N , Nadia S
Published: October 2023

Picungan bandeng is a traditional fermented food prepared by milkfish, mixed with salt and picung (Pangium edule Reinw.) seed kernel as a primary ingredient. The food is original and popular among the traditional community from Banten Province, Indonesia, as the unique taste is produced by the fermentation process. This study aims to better understand traditional knowledge of the picungan bandeng production process and a descriptive overview of common uses and a derivative product of picungan bandeng. The findings of the present study also further discussed in the context of its sustainability for the traditional community. According to the findings, the methods were first developed to preserve the fish for a period of time. They evolved traditional knowledge, which was transmitted orally by communities over generations. It has been recognized that picungan bandeng produced by smallholders has socioeconomic and nutritional benefits. Therefore, picungan bandeng traditional knowledge can consequently have a contribution to sustainable development. The uses of picungan bandeng in main dishes and derivative products as side dishes are explored. This fundamental knowledge serves as a basis for additional scientific studies to further investigate picungan bandeng fermentations for commercial production on an industrial scale.
Promoting sustainability of herbs and spices from Simalungun based on its bioactive compound in traditional food tinuktuk
Authors: Tarigan N , Julianti E , Silalahi J , Sinaga H
Published: October 2023

Bioactive compounds are associate with oxidative stress resistance and inflammation. Tinuktuk is a traditional Simalungun food made from herbs and spices. By knowing the bioactive compounds of tinuktuk traditional food, local heritage will not be lost and the sustainability of herbs and spices can maintain species loss. The purpose of this study was to promote the sustainability of herbs and spices from Simalungun based on bioactive compounds in tinuktuk. The ingredients that used in three types of tinuktuk formulations consisted of various herbs and spices. In addition, various chemicals according to the procedure for determining flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid and saponin levels. The results concluded that tinuktuk of formulation B has the highest levels of flavonoids which was 5.137 ± 0.236 Mg QE/g extract, meaning that in every gram of tinuktuk extract, there was flavonoid equivalent to 5.137 mg of quercetin. Alkaloids content which was 34.085 ± 0.665%, saponins content which was 1.989 ± 0.139%, and the highest phenolic content test result was formulation B, which was 22.913 ± 0.474 Mg GAE / g extract, meaning that in every gram of tinuktuk extract, there were phenolics equivalent to 22.913 mg of gallic acid.