bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financing of mental health services: an international perspective
Authors: Saxena Shekhar , Sharan Pratap
Published: January 2018

Financing is a critical factor in the realisation of a viable mental health system. It is the mechanism by which plans and policies are translated into action through the allocation of resources. Financing is essential for operations and the delivery of services, for the development and deployment of a trained workforce, and for the required infrastructure and technology (Chernichovsky & Chinitz, 1995; World Health Organization, 2003). Financing mechanisms can also be used to facilitate change and introduce innovations in systems (World Health Organization, 2003).
Mental health services in Bermuda
Authors: Price David
Published: January 2018

Bermuda comprises a group of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, situated approximately 1000 km east of the USA. It is a self-governing crown dependency of the UK. It is the third richest country in the world, with average wages per head of US$41 495 in 2000. Its economy is based on a flourishing offshore insurance industry and tourism.
Twelve years old: the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT)
Authors: Beezhold Julian
Published: January 2018

The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) is an independent federation of national trainee associations; it represents over 12 000 trainees in 19 member countries across Europe. It is run by an annually elected board, comprising the President, Secretary-General, Treasurer, President elect and past President, and is governed by a written constitution.
The development of a mental health service in East Timor: an Australian mental health relief project
Authors: Tennant Chris , Silove Derrick
Published: January 2018

East Timor (the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) occupies the eastern half of the island of Timor, which lies between North Western Australia and the Indonesian archipelago. East Timor has a population of around 860 000. It is predominantly rural and there are few large towns. The country has a largely subsistence agricultural economy; coffee is the principal cash crop. The population is extremely poor, and transport and communications are primitive.
The European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP): history and challenges for the future
Authors: Caffo Ernest , Lievers Luisa Strik
Published: January 2018

The European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) assembles 29 national societies of child and adolescent psychiatry of several countries belonging to the European Union or to its cultural and geographical area. It is the only association that gathers European psychiatrists who work with children and adolescents.
The confluence of violence towards an intimate partner, substance misuse and mental health: a worldwide problem affecting women
Authors: Jo Clark Cari , Wyshak Grace
Published: January 2018

Violence towards an intimate partner, substance misuse and other mental health disorders are problems that tend to cluster together and result in multiple burdens for afflicted individuals (Desjarlaiset al, 1995; Wyshak & Modest, 1996; Wyshak, 2000). They are prevalent not only in high-risk groups but also among members of the general public seeking primary healthcare (Baueret al, 2000; World Health Organization, 2001), where their afflictions often go undiagnosed and untreated (Edlundet al, 2004; Krameret al, 2004). Furthermore, violence towards an intimate partner, substance misuse and other mental health disorders involve common symptom pathways, such as psychiatric distress, headache, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal problems and multiple somatic complaints (Berwicket al, 1991), which suggests that the use of an integrated set of screening instruments may lead to early detection and treatment for patients who are suffering from one or more of these problems.
Psychiatry in Spain
Authors: López-Ibor Juan J. , Reneses Blanca
Published: January 2018

Spain covers an area of some 506 000 km2 and has a population of just over 41 million. It is a high-income country (according to World Bank criteria) and devotes 7.5% of its gross domestic product to health.
Psychiatry in Iran
Authors: Sadeghi Majid , Mirsepassi Gholamreza
Published: January 2018

The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the Middle East between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Iran's total land area is 1 648 000 km2. Its total population in 2003 was about 68 920 000 (UNICEF, 2003). The population growth rate is 1.41%. Of the total population, 60.4% live in urban and 39.6% in rural areas (Yasamyet al, 2001).
Australian psychiatry: coming of age?
Authors: Rosen Alan
Published: January 2018

Australia, a vast continent of 7 700 000 km2(including the island state of Tasmania), is roughly the size of Western Europe or mainland USA, but with a population of only 20.2 million (2004 estimate), mainly concentrated in coastal areas.
Themes in International Psychiatry
Authors: Skuse David H.
Published: January 2018

In this, the inaugural issue of International Psychiatry, we are highlighting the first of many themes that are of interest and concern to psychiatrists around the globe. Terrorism is both directly and indirectly the predominant topic in our media at present. What impact does living with such a threat, an ‘ever-present danger’, have on our mental health? Even if we are not directly affected by terrorism, psychiatrists cannot ignore the effects such incidents have had on societies in both the developed and the developing world.
Mental health and poverty in the UK – time for change?
Authors: Boardman Jed , Dogra Nisha , Hindley Peter
Published: January 2018

Poverty and income inequality have increased in the UK since the 1970s. Poverty and mental ill-health are closely associated and disadvantage can have long-term consequences. In addition, the recent recession and austerity measures have had a detrimental effect on people with mental health problems and the mental health of the population. Mental health services can play a role in addressing the problems of poverty and inequality.
Worrying about climate change: is it responsible to promote public debate?
Authors: Berry Helen L. , Peel Dominic
Published: January 2018

Some fear that provoking widespread worry about climate change may harm mental health. The Regional Wellbeing Survey, a large study of health, well-being and life in rural and regional Australia, examined climate change worry and attitudes. Most respondents were worried about climate change and agreed that fossil fuel use causes global warming, but there was no evidence to suggest that worry about climate change is linked to mental health in the general population. Respectful, calm, considered public debate about how to respond to climate change is unlikely to be harmful to population mental health. Individually focused clinical approaches are unlikely to be effective as a primary approach in managing the mental health impacts of climate change. Instead, collective, systems-based approaches will be needed.
Mental health law in Colombia
Authors: Chaskel Roberto , Shultz James M. , Gaviria Silvia L. , Taborda Eliana , Vanegas Roland , García Natalia Muñoz , Flórez Luis Jorge Hernández , Espinel Zelde
Published: January 2018

Mental health law in Colombia has evolved over the past 50 years, in concert with worldwide recognition and prioritisation of mental healthcare. Laws and policies have become increasingly sophisticated to accommodate the ongoing transformations throughout Colombia's healthcare system and improvements in mental health screening, treatment and supportive care. Mental health law and policy development have been informed by epidemiological data on patterns of mental disorders in Colombia. Colombia is distinguished by the fact that its mental health laws and policies have been formulated during a 60-year period of continuous armed conflict. The mental health of Colombian citizens has been affected by population-wide exposure to violence and, accordingly, the mental health laws that have been enacted reflect this feature of the Colombian experience.
Scaling up mental healthcare in the Republic of Niger: priorities for and barriers to service improvement
Authors: Hwong Alison , Douma Djibo Maiga , Zamo Soumana , Eaton Julian
Published: January 2018

As part of a pilot programme to scale up community mental health services, local health centre directors, community health workers and key informants were interviewed in two neighbouring political districts of Niger. Major priorities for improving services included training staff on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, collaborating with traditional healers, educating the community about the origins of psychiatric illness and building infrastructure for medication delivery. Barriers to care included long distances for travel to the nearest hospital and lack of funding for home-based visits by health workers. This study was the first step in Niger's plan to implement the World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) at a national level.
Hospital doctors' management of psychological problems at a Nigerian tertiary health institution
Authors: Issa Baba A. , Yussuf Abdullahi D. , Abiodun Olatunji A. , Olanrewaju Ganiyu T.
Published: January 2018

A questionnaire was sent to all consenting doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. It asked about their management of psychological problems in their clinical practice. Over 90% would welcome more time to talk to patients and agreed that psychological and social factors should be routinely assessed and recorded for patients. Most respondents would refer patients with depression or disturbed behaviours. ‘Ineffective treatment’ and ‘dislike of psychiatric referral’ were not the main reasons for non-referral. A majority of the doctors had initiated treatment for anxiety and insomnia but not for alcohol withdrawal, psychosis, acute confusional state or depression. Doctors' awareness of ‘the impact of psychological factors on the course of physical illness' was high. To sustain this high level of awareness and encourage referral, in-house psychoeducational training of hospital doctors should be intensified. In addition, an increased doctor/patient ratio, public education to reduce stigma and a well developed liaison psychiatric service are imperative.
Mental health research in the Arab world: an update
Authors: Karam Elie G. , Itani Lynn A.
Published: January 2018

Publications on mental health were collected using PubMed and PsychINFO for 21 Arab countries. The data were then categorised according to the first author's country of affiliation, the year of publication, the topic of research and the type of journal. In 2006–12, the Arab world published 1029 articles (an average of 147 per year). The estimated increase in yearly productivity during this period was about 25% over the 7 preceding years. When considering the research output per million population, Kuwait, Bahrain and Lebanon were the top three producers, as they had been over the preceding four decades. After adjusting for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the five top producers were Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, Lebanon and Morocco. Based on child and adolescent mental health research only, the Arab world's productivity was around one-sixth that of the United States and Europe.
Social sustainability and mental health: a threat to evidence-based practice?
Authors: Maughan Daniel , Burgess Mark
Published: January 2018

The availability and use of mental health treatments are influenced by many different factors. Prominent among these are scientific evidence, cost, ethics and politics. However, the social sustainability of treatments can also have a considerable influence on their use.
The new French mental health law regarding psychiatric involuntary treatment
Authors: Senon Jean Louis , Jonas Carol , Botbol Michel
Published: January 2018

The French Republic has had four laws governing the detention of people with a mental illness. The first dates from 1838 and remained in place until 1990. The most recent one was issued on 27 September 2013; it confirmed the role of the judge and strengthened the legal procedures. This new French mental health law is an attempt to find a balance between the protection of patients' rights and the need for treatment.
Mental health law profile on the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Datta Anna , Frewen Justin
Published: January 2018

This article provides a brief overview of the legislation that has been enacted in Ireland with respect to mental health, in particular the 2001 Mental Health Act. Although that Act was a positive step towards developing an Irish mental health service that protects the human rights of service users, a number of concerns remain, including issues related to consent and capacity, involuntary out-patient treatment and admission, the adversarial nature and timing of tribunals, and the lack of safeguards for voluntary patients.
Refugees, the asylum system and mental healthcare in Ireland
Authors: O'Connell Molly , Duffy Richard , Crumlish Niall
Published: January 2018

The number of people seeking refugee status in Ireland is increasing year on year and the burden of mental illness experienced by refugees and asylum seekers is high. The College of Psychiatrists of Ireland has recommended the establishment of a number of specialist refugee mental health teams. In this paper we discuss the Irish asylum system, the Irish evidence regarding mental illness in this population, and current health service policy regarding refugee mental health. We propose a model of specialist refugee mental healthcare delivery.
Health professionals in Kenya: strategies to expand reach and reduce brain drain of psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists
Authors: Brownie Sharon , Oywer Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

This paper highlights the extent of the brain drain in relation to human resources for health (HRH) that is currently challenging Kenya, and suggests strategies that have the potential to change current working environments and improve HRH retention rates. Governments in partnership with health professional bodies and regulators could improve the working conditions for psychiatrists and mental health nurses: by promoting career choices in mental health; by providing accessible professional development opportunities; and by easing workload pressures by expanding service reach through thoughtfully planned and delivered task-shifting to primary care. While these strategies have the potential to make a significant difference, the evidence suggests a brain drain will continue as long as working conditions remain sub-optimal and global HRH shortages persist.
The Day Centre for Children with Developmental Disorders in Messolonghi, Greece
Authors: Kotsopoulos Sotiris
Published: January 2018

This paper describes the challenges in starting a service for the diagnosis of and intensive therapeutic intervention for children with autism in a provincial town in western Greece (Messolonghi). Personnel had to be trained, the community had to be educated to accept and use the new service, and stigma had to be dealt with. Currently, fully developed 10 years after the beginning of the effort, in any one week the Day Centre serves on average 35 children with autism and 20 children with specific language impairment. The treatment programme runs along behavioural lines and the results are presently encouraging. Of 32 children referred consecutively to the Centre, after 5 years eight (25%) were attending regular school classes without a diagnosis of autism and eight (25%) with milder symptoms were attending classes with academic assistance. The limited impact of the Centre on the wider community is discussed.
Hysterical stupor or yogic sleep? The conundrum
Authors: Dhadphale Manohar
Published: January 2018

A woman in the care of the author 40 years ago was reported to have been sleeping for 2 days. We treated her condition as conversion hysteria. Her private psychiatrist was the renowned R. D. Laing; he was unhappy with our line of management, on the grounds of the arbitrariness of the diagnosis, the labelling of the woman with a diagnosis of hysteria and the treatment of the patient without her consent. In retrospect, I wonder if she was in a state of yogic sleep (yoga nidra).
Service users and carers in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Loza Nasser , Effat Randa
Published: January 2018

Taking the Middle East as an example, we explore ways to empower service users and carers. Resources are required for the introduction of community mental health systems and the development of tailor-made psychoeducation, both of which need to be culturally and historically sensitive. A further aim should be the sustained and constructive engagement of families in caring for relatives who have a mental illness, in the community.
Mental health legislation in Algeria
Authors: Benmebarek Zoubir
Published: January 2018

Mental health law in Algeria originates from the French colonial era. Although several pieces of legislation deal with mental disorders, their implementation remains unsatisfactory and does not meet the real needs of healthcare providers. Amendment of the current mental health law is required to enhance the delivery of care but also to protect those with a mental disorder from abuse.
Targeted Therapy for Advanced Solid Tumors on the Basis of Molecular Profiles: Results From MyPathway, an Open-Label, Phase IIa Multiple Basket Study
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Swanton Charles , Hurwitz Herbert , Spigel David R. , Sweeney Christopher , Burris Howard A. , Bose Ron , Yoo Bongin , Stein Alisha , Beattie Mary , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Detection of specific molecular alterations in tumors guides the selection of effective targeted treatment of patients with several types of cancer. These molecular alterations may occur in other tumor types for which the efficacy of targeted therapy remains unclear. The MyPathway study evaluates the efficacy and safety of selected targeted therapies in tumor types that harbor relevant genetic alterations but are outside of current labeling for these treatments.

Methods

MyPathway ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02091141) is a multicenter, nonrandomized, phase IIa multiple basket study. Patients with advanced refractory solid tumors harboring molecular alterations in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, or the Hedgehog pathway are treated with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab, erlotinib, vemurafenib, or vismodegib, respectively. The primary end point is investigator-assessed objective response rate within each tumor-pathway cohort.

Results

Between April 1, 2014 and November 1, 2016, 251 patients with 35 different tumor types received study treatment. The efficacy population contains 230 treated patients who were evaluated for response or discontinued treatment before evaluation. Fifty-two patients (23%) with 14 different tumor types had objective responses (complete, n = 4; partial, n = 48). Tumor-pathway cohorts with notable objective response rates included human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–amplified/overexpressing colorectal (38% [14 of 37]; 95% CI, 23% to 55%) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 V600-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (43% [six of 14]; 95% CI, 18% to 71%).

Conclusion

The four currently approved targeted therapy regimens in the MyPathway study produced meaningful responses when administered without chemotherapy in several refractory solid tumor types not currently labeled for these agents.
Exercise Thresholds on Trial: Are They Really Equivalent?
Authors: CAEN KEVIN , VERMEIRE KOBE , BOURGOIS JAN G. , BOONE JAN
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The interchangeable use of whole-body exercise thresholds and breakpoints (BP) in the local oxygenation response, as measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, has recently been questioned in scientific literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the interrelationship of four commonly used exercise thresholds: critical power (CP), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and BP in muscle (m[HHb]BP) and brain (c[O2Hb]BP) oxygenation.

Methods

Nine male participants (21.8 ± 1.2 yr) completed 6 wk of cycling interval training. Before and after this intervention period, subjects performed a ramp incremental exercise protocol to determine RCP, m[HHb]BP, and c[O2Hb]BP and four constant work rate (WR) tests to calculate CP.

Results

WR associated with CP, RCP, m[HHB]BP, and c[O2Hb]BP increased by 7.7% ± 4.2%, 13.6% ± 9.0%, 9.8% ± 5.7%, and 11.3% ± 11.1%, respectively. CP was lower (pre: 260 ± 32 W, post: 280 ± 41 W; P < 0.05) than the WR associated with RCP (pre: 281 ± 28 W, post: 318 ± 36 W) and c[O2Hb]BP (pre: 283 ± 36 W, post: 313 ± 32 W) which occurred concomitantly (P = 0.683). M[HHb]BP occurred at the highest WR and differed from all others (pre: 313 ± 23 W, post: 344 ± 32 W; P < 0.05). Training-induced WR differences (ΔWR) did not contrast between thresholds, and initial parameter differences were not affected by the intervention (P = 0.253). Thresholds were partly correlated before (R = 0.67–0.85, P < 0.05) and after (R = 0.83–0.96, P < 0.05) training, but ΔWR values were not associated (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Results of the present study strongly question true equivalence of CP, RCP, m[HHb]BP, and c[O2Hb]BP during ramp incremental exercise. Therefore, these exercise thresholds should not be used interchangeably.
Dicer-2 promotes mRNA activation through cytoplasmic polyadenylation
Authors: Coll Olga , Guitart Tanit , Villalba Ana , Papin Catherine , Simonelig Martine , Gebauer Fátima
Published: January 2018

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation is a widespread mechanism to regulate mRNA translation. In vertebrates, this process requires two sequence elements in target 3′ UTRs: the U-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylation element and the AAUAAA hexanucleotide. In Drosophila melanogaster, cytoplasmic polyadenylation of Toll mRNA occurs independently of these canonical elements and requires a machinery that remains to be characterized. Here we identify Dicer-2 as a component of this machinery. Dicer-2, a factor previously involved in RNA interference (RNAi), interacts with the cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase Wispy. Depletion of Dicer-2 from polyadenylation-competent embryo extracts and analysis of wispy mutants indicate that both factors are necessary for polyadenylation and translation of Toll mRNA. We further identify r2d2 mRNA, encoding a Dicer-2 partner in RNAi, as a Dicer-2 polyadenylation target. Our results uncover a novel function of Dicer-2 in activation of mRNA translation through cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
Rare health conditions 8: Smith-Magenis syndrome, anorchia and Harlequins ichthyosis
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this series is to briefly highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually less than 1 person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions given the high number of these conditions. This eighth article will briefly explore three of these conditions: Smith-Magenis syndrome, Anorchia and Harlequins.
It’s good to be me: challenging assumptions about disability
Authors: Devenney Mike
Published: January 2018

Who am I? I am Mike Devenney, I have cerebral palsy with a speech impairment and I like my disability. Next question? I suppose you want me to discuss my reasons and justify it to you now, don’t you? Alright, in the interest of science I’ll make an exception.
Coping: whose ideas?
Authors: Taylor M Clare
Published: January 2018

The verb ‘to cope’ is defined as ‘contend with; grapple successfully; deal competently with’ (The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English; Allen, 1990). Coping strategies can be seen as the methods employed to grapple successfully and deal competently with chronic illness and long-term disability. These strategies can be looked at from two differing and some may say opposing perspectives. These are the point of view of the individual with the illness or disability and the perspective of the professionals who attempt to help these individuals deal with their illness or disability. But can these views be reconciled; is it possible to teach people to cope?
Understanding stress and coping
Authors: Cushway Delia
Published: January 2018

‘Stress’ and ‘coping’ have become buzz words for health professionals. However, these concepts are both complex and theoretically unsatisfactory. This article attempts to explain and critically review the major models of stress and coping, and explores their relevance for managing stress in the health professions.
Manual handling
Authors: Cowieson Fiona M
Published: January 2018

As a major employer of people required to manually handle, and as a provider of care to low back pain sufferers, the costs to the NHS and social services of back injury arising from the workplace are high. The European Council (EC) Directive (1990) on manual handling aims to reduce-injury by ensuring a safe working environment in all manual handling operations. The recommendations, risk assessment, reduction of risk to the lowest possible level, manual handling training and monitoring are mandatory, and take an ergonomic perspective with the aim of promoting a healthier work place and workforce.
Towards a definition of diagnosis in physiotherapy
Authors: James Gill
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the concept of diagnosis, both generally and in physiotherapy. The literature review is used to identify the differences between diagnosis as conceived of as a set of activities and as the label attached to the fault. Shortcomings in physiotherapy, the factors implicated in diagnosis and a definition of diagnosis are discussed.
Connective tissue: its molecular structure and responses to movement and manual therapy
Authors: Smith Nicola
Published: January 2018

A variety of physiotherapeutic techniques aim to normalise joint movement or reduce pain by influencing the connective tissue (CT) of ligaments, tendons and muscles. The philosophies that drive the theories are varied, although the influence on CT may not be that disparate. This article discusses the molecular structure of collagen, and the possible influences of manual therapy on this structure.
A study of the relationship between upper limb disorder and lower limb neurodynamics
Authors: Jarvis Gaynor
Published: January 2018

Upper limb disorder (ULD) is becoming increasingly common, but remains difficult to define, test or treat. This study demonstrates how neural involvement in this condition may be examined through use of the straight leg raise test. It highlights the clinical presentation and responses of a group of ULD sufferers and discusses the implications of altered neural mobility and function.
Managing bilateral Potts fractures with airstirrup braces
Authors: Jones Wendy
Published: January 2018

We have all seen how badly the acquisition of a walking cast can affect the life of an elderly person. The weight of the cast, the unequal length of leg, the disturbance in the normal gait and local pressure problems can affect the person’s mobility quite badly. Other problems such as deep vein thrombosis, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and joint stiffness can go on causing problems long after the cast has been removed. How much greater is the problem when someone has to have a cast on each leg? In this case study, an elderly lady, being totally immobilised by two such casts, found that this contributed considerably to the psychologically and sociological problems during her husband’s build up to a serious operation. When anxiety and stress are examined from a psychological perspective they prove to be important factors in rehabilitation and nursing care (Baly et al, 1981).
Winter book review supplement
Authors: Webborn A , Jackson Joanna , Chard Gill , Clouder Deanne Lynn , Thurgood Judy , Cole David , Gould Alison
Published: January 2018

Applied Anatomy and Biomechanics in Sport

Clinics in Physical Therapy: Physical Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury

Group Activities for Personal Development: A Group Leader’s Handbook

Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions

Back Injury and Litigation

Practical Paediatric Radiology

Grieve’s Modern Manual Therapy: The Vertebral Column (2nd edn)
The rheumatoid hand: a surgical view
Authors: Hashemi-Nejad Aresh , Goddard Nicholas J
Published: January 2018

Many rheumatoid patients either present late or are denied access to surgery from which they would benefit. Combined clinics involving physicians, surgeons and therapists allow better assessment and help patients to receive maximum benefit from treatment. A carefully planned treatment programme is essential to maintain the patient’s physical, psychological and functional abilities for as long as possible.
Rediscovery of an old technique to treat severe spasticity: intrathecal phenol
Authors: Williams John E , Shepherd Jane , Williams Kyra
Published: January 2018

This case study describes the use of intrathecal phenol in the treatment of a patient with severe spasticity and pain resistant to oral medication.
A study of massage and infrared radiation effects on lumbar flexion
Authors: Conlon Josephine , Maxwell Maureen
Published: January 2018

The effects of massage and infrared radiation on relaxation of the musculature of the lumbar spine were compared. Flexion was measured using the OB Myrin® goniometer attached at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. The application of the modalities and the implications of the results are discussed.
Mental health in the community: an occupational therapist's view
Authors: Wells Catherine
Published: January 2018

This article considers the changing environment of mental health care, instigated by the move from the institutions to the community, and the impact which this has on occupational therapy practice.
Ideology underpinning the issue of community care
Authors: Holmes Sandra
Published: January 2018

This article considers ideology that underpins the issue of ‘community care'. It focuses principally on political ideology and explores the influence that prevailing ideologies, identified as ‘managerialism', ‘deprofessionalisation', ‘consumerism' and ‘privatisation', have on the organisation of community care at different levels.
Multidisciplinary assessment for the elderly in a day hospital: 1
Authors: Chard Gill
Published: January 2018

Many scales have been developed to describe the functional status of elderly people before discharge from hospital. This twopart article reports on the outcome of a multidisciplinary assessment and recording method that was developed for elderly people living in the community. In the first part of this article, the literature on elderly assessment scales is reviewed.
Foot orthoses in current use
Authors: McCourt Frank
Published: January 2018

This article outlines the rationale of podiatric in-shoe orthoses and indicates the clinical context required to prescribe orthoses. The range of orthoses in current practice is described and the clinical effectiveness is discussed.
Stress management and the health professional
Authors: Cushway Delia
Published: January 2018

There is widespread evidence that jobrelated stress and burnout can be a considerable problem for health professionals. This article considers why health professionals may be increasingly likely to suffer from negative stress and how they can often be their own worst enemies. Stress management interventions are described and reviewed and brief pointers for managing stress are provided.
The study and application of clinical reasoning research
Authors: Ryan Susan
Published: January 2018

Although clinical reasoning has been studied in different ways for the past 30 years, it is only recently that it is becoming more widely heard of and understood. Educators, practitioners and students are finding that it is being increasingly referred to in the literature or being spoken of; it cannot be ignored. Although much research remains to be developed, the existing knowledge from research studies can be put into useful practice in many innovative ways.
A patient's perspective of an osseointegrated prosthesis
Authors: Piff Christine
Published: January 2018

Facial disfigurement is something none of us can prepare ourselves for or even understand until it touches our lives. It is only when we are made aware of someone with a ‘different’ face through television or the newspapers that we stop, look and think ‘I’m glad that's not me'.
Wheelchairs: user requirements and different features
Authors: Stacey Nicola
Published: January 2018

Maintaining a degree of mobility is of prime importance to the majority of people, especially for activities such as shopping and going on holiday. However, few people are aware of the wide range of wheelchairs that are available to assist with maintaining independent mobility. This article looks at the needs of wheelchair users and the practical considerations of the prescription of an appropriate wheelchair.
Physiotherapy practice: its relevance to healing and sports injuries
Authors: Smith Nicola
Published: January 2018

Recent years have seen a significant increase in sportsrelated injuries referred to physiotherapists. However, the question may be asked: are some treatments a panaceaor do they have an independent role in the process of healing? This article reviews the cellular processes of injury and relates physiotherapeutic modalities to each stage.
Perspectives on clinical reasoning
Authors: Munroe Heli
Published: January 2018

As clinical decisionmaking increases in complexity, there is a growing awareness among therapists of the need to develop clinical reasoning skills. However, the literature is abundant and is replete with diverse and conflicting views about human cognition. In this article, six modes of reasoning are examined in light of their relevance to clinical practice.
Disability research and health-care professionals: some issues for debate
Authors: Scullion Philip
Published: January 2018

Disability research in professional practice is under attack from several sources. Criticism is explored in relation to theresearchers' role and relationship to disabled people themselves. It is suggested that some of the issues raised should be taken up for debate by the professions. Pointers that will help professionals critique disability research and a conciliatory way forward are suggested.
Qualitative and quantitative research: adjuvants and alternates
Authors: Hammick Marilyn
Published: January 2018

The following poem by Auden (1961) captures an essential link between knowledge and the process of revealing knowledge:

‘This passion of our kind For the process of finding out Is a fact one can hardly doubt, But I would rejoice in it more If I knew more clearly what We wanted the knowledge for.’

It is most certainly true that those who enjoy the type of work that leads to the discovery of new facts, deeper insight and further understanding usually know quite learly why they want to investigate a topic. Indeed, the process of finding a topic for investigation often arises from a sense of frustration about the unknown, and from asking the why and how and who questions when we have incomplete knowledge.
Inequality: a health problem resistant to therapy
Authors: Morris Mervyn
Published: January 2018

The recent media interest over the deadly and untreatable Ebola virus in Zaire provides an interesting contrast to a report on health in the UK. In the foreword to Tackling Inequalities in Health (Benzeval et al, 1995), Sir Donald Acheson refers to a report of a previous chief medical officer, dating back as far as 1858, to highlight the longstanding recognition and persistent problem of inequality as a major issue in health. To put the problem at its starkest, the lower your position on the social scale, the shorter your life expectancy and the more likely your child is to die in infancy. Unfortunately it appears that this is not news, as Sir Donald Acheson states:

‘Today the question is not whether the facts are valid but who cares and what can be done’. (Benzeval et al,1995)

To further understand this issue, there is a need to put the current situation in perspective. Inequalities today are not the same as 60 years ago. Much of the concern now is about relative rather than absolute poverty. Although the government fails to recognise relative poverty, it must be taken seriously from a health perspective.
Formal assessments used by speech and language therapists: a guide for rehabilitation professionals
Authors: Cross Russell Thomas
Published: January 2018

This article looks at a number of assessment systems used by speech and language therapists and discusses their application by and relevance to nonspeech and language therapists.
Occupational science: the foundation for practice
Authors: Ilott Irene
Published: January 2018

Occupational science is the basic discipline which underpins both models and practice of occupational therapy. This exciting, interdisciplinary science aims to understand humans as occupational beings. Such knowledge is essential if occupational therapy is to retain credibility into the 21st century.
Two patients’ perspectives of a bone anchored hearing aid
Authors: Grant Roy , Groom Dorothy
Published: January 2018

The bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) is a relatively new form of hearing aid for a conductive hearing loss, i.e. where there is a problem transmitting sound through the middle ear but the cochlear function in the inner ear is normal. Sound is transmitted via the bones of the skull directly to the cochlea. The bone conduction hearing aid, which is the conventional way of achieving this transmission, is bulky and uncomfortable and the sound quality is poor from passing through the skin, and is also variable as the headband may move.
Ultrasound, shortwave diathermy and laser treatment 1: clinical uses
Authors: Kitchen Sheila S
Published: January 2018

The nature and use of electrotherapy has changed considerably over recent years, with the introduction of new agents and modification of the old. This article discusses the factors which may influence the selection of electrotherapy treatment in everyday practice, and examines the literature which has evaluated the clinical use of electrotherapy internationally.
The thermal effects of pulsed shortwave therapy
Authors: Bricknell Richard , Watson Tim
Published: January 2018

Although the thermal effects of pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) have been previously reported, the modality is often regarded as a non-thermal treatment. This article explores the relationship between PSWD treatment parameters and the perception of heat in non-injured subjects. It is the initial report of an experimental programme to determine the relationship between PSWD treatment parameters and their physiological effects.
The other side of the fence
Authors: Hunter-Jones Georgina
Published: January 2018

When I was training to be a physiotherapist I never imagined that I would ever need intensive care. However, on 8 March 1995, a Ford Granada drove into the side of my car and broke my pelvis on the right side; I also suffered a fractured pubic ramus and a totally shattered acetabulum.
An audit of wheelchair service provision in three regions
Authors: McCreadie Michele J , James Rachel
Published: January 2018

In 1993-94 three regional groups of wheelchair service managers developed locally applicable standards using the National Guidelines for Wheelchair Services, and carried out a regional audit to measure how well those standards were being met. This article describes how the audit projects were developed. Focusing on one region, it also gives a general overview of services provided, key points from the results and some of the recommendations agreed.
Adapting the external environment
Authors: Thorpe Stephen
Published: January 2018

This article reviews the progress made to date in renewing, extending and adapting the built environment to allow full access for the disabled, charting the contributory and complementary roles played by legislation, access policies and strategies and design guidance. It assesses the prospect for continued progress and discusses the shift in perception of the issues from special provision to inclusive design.
Financing adaptations for disabled people: the Disabled Facilities Grant
Authors: Molyneux Rob
Published: January 2018

The Disabled Facilities Grant (DFG) is the main source of financial assistance available for disabled people wishing to adapt their property to meet the needs of their disability. The legislation regarding the grant, and other relevant legislation, would appear to be quite clear on the surface. However, there is widespread dissatisfaction among many disabled people applying for the grant. This article explains the legislative basis of the DFG and the effect that it has in practice.
Autumn book review supplement
Authors: Trace David , Cole David , Woollard AliÇon , Weale Alan , Spalding Nicola J , Whittaker Margaret C , Broster Gordon , Drummond Avril , Storer Claudette , May Mandy Le , Davis Lena , Baker Mary
Published: January 2018

Brain Injury and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: International Perspectives

Fundamentals of Skeletal Radiology (2nd edn)

Therapy in Practice 45: Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

HIV and AIDS: A Strategy for Nursing Care (4th edn)

Body in Action

Clinics in Physical Therapy: Temporomandibular Disorders (2nd edn)

Radiology MGH Clinical Review

Moving to Audit: an Education Package for Professionals Allied to Medicine

Home at Last

Working with Dysfluent Children: Practical Approaches to Assessment and Therapy

Alzheimer’s (A Practical Guide to Carers to Help you Through the Day)

Teaching Atlas of Hand Radiology: A Self-assessment Text
Correspondence
Authors: Roskell Carolyn , Hunter Ann , Addy Lois M , Hammond Lisa , Totterdell Anna
Published: January 2018

Assessing the need for qualified staff

Assessing the need for qualified staff—Reply

PAM training and coordination

Models of rehabilitation
Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors' Veterinary Conference: from pups to pensioners
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: January 2018

The Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellor's Annual Veterinary Conference was held on 25 October 2017. The theme was ‘Effective strategies to support the emotional and behavioural welfare of your canine clients throughout their lifetimes, from pups to pensioners’, and the focus was encouraging veterinary staff who understood the importance of behavioural awareness in their practice, but were not yet sure how best to provide that support to their patients and clients. The four presentations considered four stages in a dog's life: young puppies, who would be affected by the breeder's environment; older puppies and adolescents in the new owner's home; adult dogs, and elderly dogs that might need additional behavioural support.
Invasive alien species legislation: a veterinary perspective
Authors: Kubiak Marie , Pellett Sarah
Published: January 2018

The European Union (EU) Invasive Alien Species (IAS) Regulation (1143/2014) restricts keeping of named species, in order to preserve native biodiversity. As some of these species are currently kept by private exotic animal keepers, zoological collections and animal encounter businesses, it is important for veterinary surgeons to be aware of the restrictions. As of August 2017, new species have been added to the legislation; this article reviews the previous situation and includes the updated information.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

Eosinophilic dermatitis as a cause of canine erythroderma is described, and its association with concomitant gastrointestinal disease is assessed in 18 dogs. The pathology of the skin lesions is described, but there is no conclusion reached as to which alimentary problems are most likely to be linked to their development.
Intramuscular ketamine anaesthesia in the dog
Authors: Yates David
Published: January 2018

Ketamine is an anaesthetic agent that can be used in a wide variety of species. It can be administered via a number of routes and in combination with other agents. It has a wide therapeutic index and has potent analgesic properties. It should not be used as a sole agent in canine anaesthesia, but may be usefully combined with alpha-2 agonists. Ketamine combinations may be particularly useful in situations with aggressive dogs, and in high-throughput neutering situations.
Media ecology and the performing arts – Virtually
Authors: Heyer Paul
Published: January 2018

This keynote address highlights the author’s application of a media ecological perspective to a new mode of accessibility involving the performing arts: the transmission (often live) into cinemas around the world, of productions from the worlds of opera, theatre, ballet and the musical stage. Referred to as Digital Broadcast Cinema (DBC), the analysis presented shows how elements of theatrical liveness mediated by the conventions of film and television have created a fourth way of experiencing the performing arts for virtual audiences. Much of the analysis focuses on the pioneering attempt, just over ten years ago of the New York Metropolitan Opera to make its Saturday offerings available globally – to what is now 70 countries. At a time when the arts are increasingly under siege and inaccessible to many, DBC represents a small but increasingly successful effort to redress this situation.
If e-mail could speak, what would it say? Interviewing objects in a digital world
Authors: Turville Joni A.
Published: January 2018

E-mail today is ubiquitous, but we rarely stop to consider its effects. This article employs a post-humanistic approach to research called ‘interviewing objects’ as a way to uncover e-mail’s manifold impacts on our everyday lives. Interviewing objects gathers a set of heuristics drawn from media ecology, phenomenology, postphenomenology and Actor–Network Theory. Its purpose is to interview or to catch insightful glances of a technology in action. Via this approach, I investigate what e-mail may be saying and producing in our personal and professional lives, such as making it easy to compose and forward messages, creating a feeling of immediacy and the urge to read and respond to an e-mail at any time or place. Attending to what e-mail does for us in both positive and less positive ways may help us consider how we may use this digital tool more thoughtfully.
Transformations, fractures and boundaries: The case of Stadtpunkte in the Mannheimer Cityscape
Authors: Atkinson Joshua
Published: January 2018

The following essay describes a case study of the cityscape of Mannheim, Germany, in which I examined placement of historical markers – called Stadtpunkte – throughout the city. The study reveals that such markers can facilitate transformations of space and constructions of alternative cityscapes in a way similar to past observations concerning space, cityscape and media. In addition, the research demonstrates the potential for the construction of a participatory civic identity for people who engage with the markers. However, the findings also suggest that the absence of markers in parts of the city can create performative boundaries that shift identity for people passing through those spaces.
Foundations of media ecology: New York University
Authors: Moran Terence
Published: January 2018

This article presents a personal history of the foundations and development of the Media Ecology Program at New York University by the sole surviving member of the founding faculty who argues for its continuing relevance to contemporary media analyses.