bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melancholic Vision and Utopian Imagination: Amma Ariyan and Left-wing Culture in Kerala in the 1970s
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India, Afzal P. Muhammed
Published: December 2021

Situating the Malayalam film Amma Ariyan in the context of radical Left politics in Kerala during the “long 1970s”, this paper argues that Left-wing cultural productions during the period offered a melancholic vision of history that sustained a utopian imagination. In popular discussions, the 1970s is seen as a period of “misguided adventurism” and defeat, and the nostalgia for the period is treated as a paralyzing, backward looking attitude. Drawing on contemporary scholarship on Left melancholy, nostalgia, and utopia, this paper looks back at the 1970s from a perspective where melancholia is a stance that offers a critical vision of the past as well as the future. This paper argues that the “failed heroes” in Left-wing cultural productions in the 1970s refused to “resign themselves to … the inevitable and ‘natural’ character of the most monstrous inequalities”. This “refusal to be realistic” has been very central to the sustaining of a utopian imagination which acquires more significance in the context of the perceived reactivation of “communist desire” in the contemporary times.
Exploring the village tank cascade systems (VTCSs) in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nanthakumaran A. , Kadupitiya H. K. , Devaisy S. , Athukorale W. E. P.
Published: December 2021

An attempt was made to identify, validate the village tank cascade systems (VTCSs) and study the water flow from one village tank to another in each VTCS in the eight Agrarian Service Centre (ASC) divisions in the Vavuniya district from October 2017 to December 2018. VTCS contribute a significant share of available water resources for the livelihoods of households in the Vavuniya district. The 1:10,000 topographic map of the Survey Department, satellite images and the digital elevation model were used to identify the cascades and flow direction map for the study area using ArcGIS 10.2.2. Among 756 village tanks in the district, 80 VTCSs comprising 514 village tanks were identified, and only 69 cascades were validated in the field. In addition, this study identified 111 isolated village tanks without connecting with other village tanks and 131 abandoned village tanks. Further investigation is recommended to explore the possibilities of increasing the cascade areas in the study area by connecting isolated tanks with VTCSs. Initiation taken towards rehabilitation of cascades would enhance the livelihood of farm households in the Vavuniya district and lead to sustainable water resource management.
Process simulation of modelled reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater
Authors: Salahudeen Nurudeen
Published: December 2021

Model equations for prediction of process parameters of reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater were developed via mathematical derivation from basic equations for the reverse osmosis process. A model equation relating the interfacial solute concentration () with the process pressure difference () was developed. Taking the of reverse osmosis as the basic independent variable, further model equations relating other process parameters such as the solute concentration polarity , water flux , osmotic pressure , water output rate (q), power density (Pd) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were developed. Simulation of hypothetical reverse osmosis data using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and Microsoft Windows 10 on a 64-bit operating system was carried out. Simulation results showed that the optimum fluid bulk concentration was = 0.0004 mole/cm3. The optimum rate of increase in the solute rejection factor per unit rise in ΔP was 0.45%. The optimum solute rejection factor was 97.6%. The optimum water output rate, specific energy consumption and power density were 103.2 L/h, 3.65 kWh/m3 and 6.09 W/m2, respectively.
Experimental study on three simple tracers for the assessment of extraneous water into sewer systems
Authors: Guo Shuai , Ding Rui , Huang Biao , Zhu David Z. , Zhou Wenming , Li Mei
Published: December 2021

In recent years, three simple tracers (conductivity, turbidity and temperature) have shown their advantages to many other tracers for tracing and assessment of extraneous water (or inflow and infiltration, I/I) into sewer systems due to low detection cost and high monitoring frequency. A better understanding of the error and uncertainty of the three simple tracers on the quantification of I/I will help to improve the reliability and reduce the cost of actual projects. A large-scale experimental model simulating a 36 m long sewer was constructed for conducting extraneous water flow tests including groundwater infiltration, wastewater inflow and hot water inflow under different I/I flow rates and concentrations. The accuracy and uncertainty of the three tracers were estimated, and their correlation with tracer concentration difference before and after extraneous inflow was also analyzed. Experimental results provide guidance for the practical applicability of the three tracers under different I/I conditions.
The Fundamental Role of Stress Echo in Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease
in Specific Patient Populations
Authors: Raftopoulos Leonidas , Aggeli Constantina , Dimitroglou Yannis , Kakiouzi Vasiliki , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Patsourakos Dimitrios , Tsioufis Costas
Published: December 2021

:

Stress echocardiography (SE) was initially used for assessing patients with known or suspected
coronary heart disease by detecting and evaluating myocardial ischemia and viability. The
implementation of SE has gradually been extended to several cardiovascular diseases beyond coronary
artery disease, and SE protocols have been modified and adapted for the detection of coronary
artery disease (CAD) or other cardiovascular diseases in specific patient populations. This review
attempts to summarize current data concerning SE implementation and clinical value in these specific
and diverse populations: patients with an intramural course of a coronary artery, known as a
myocardial bridge, chronic severe or end-stage hepatic disease, chronic severe or end-stage kidney
disease, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, patients scheduled for solid-organ transplantation and other
intermediate and high-risk surgery and, finally, patients treated with anticancer drugs or radiotherapy.
An Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Structurally
Diverse Pyrazole Centered 1,5-disubstituted Tetrazoles via One-Pot
Four-Component Reaction
Authors: Swami Suman , Shrivastava Rahul , Sharma Neelam , Agarwala Arunava , Verma Ved Prakash , Singh Atul Pratap
Published: December 2021

1,5-Disubstituted tetrazoles are vital drug-like scaffolds usually encountered as valuable
bioisosteres of the cis-amide bond. In this article, we reported the synthesis of some novel medicinally
relevant pyrazole centered 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles using ultrasound irradiation via a
one-pot 4-C reaction from various pyrazole originated aldehyde, amine, isocyanide, and sodium
azide. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, spectroscopic
techniques, and mass analysis. This ultrasound-assisted green protocol has several advantages
like mild reaction condition, high yield, catalyst and solvent-free reaction protocol, 15 minutes reaction
time and easy workup.
The Spectrum of Cefditoren for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)
in Surabaya
Authors: Rosyid Alfian Nur , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Kusmiati Tutik , Puspitasari Arina Dery , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , Effendi Wiwin Is , Soedarsono  , Nasronudin  , Amin Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Background:

Empirical antibiotics among outpatients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
(LRTIs) are scarcely allocated in Indonesia. The study aims to evaluate the pathogens causing
LRTIs, drug sensitivity test and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 90% (MIC90) of
Cefditoren, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, and Cefixime.

Methods:

The study was performed in adult outpatients with LRTI that can be expectorated. Patients
with diabetes mellitus, HIV, lung tuberculosis, renal or hepatic failure, and hemoptysis were
excluded. We performed bacterial culture, antibiotic sensitivity, and MIC measurement of four
antibiotics.

Results:

There were 126 patients with LRTIs, and 61 patients were eligible for the study. We identified
69 bacteria. We found Klebsiella pneumonia (n=16; 26.23%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=11;
18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=8; 13.11%), Acinetobacter baumanii complex (n= 4; 6.55%),
Streptococcus pneumonia (n=3; 4.9%) and others bacteria as causes of LRTI. Testing MIC90 of
Cefditoren and three empiric antibiotics on LRTI found that Cefditoren has a lower MIC of 90 for
K. pneumonia (0.97(2.04) μg.mL-1) and S. pneumonia (0.06(0.00)μg.mL-1) than other antibiotics,
but almost the same as Cefixime ((0.05(0.16)μg.mL-1) and (0.38(0.17)μg.mL-1). MIC90 Cefditoren
for S.aureus (3.18(3.54)μg.mL-1) and P.aeruginosa (9.2(3.53)μg.mL-1) is lower than Cefixime but
higher than Azithromycin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. Reference data MIC90 of Cefditoren
for LRTI bacteria is lower than the other three oral empirical antibiotics.

Conclusions:

In vitro studies of an outpatient LRTI in Surabaya found gram-negative bacteria dominant.
Cefditoren can inhibit K.pneumonia and S.pneumonia has a lower MIC90 compared to other
antibiotics. Cefditoren can inhibit gram-negative and positive bacteria causing LRTI.
Application of Collagen and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry
Authors: Sharifi Simin , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki , Samiei Mohammad , Alipour Mahdieh , Khezri Khadijeh , Saadat Yalda Rahbar , Forouhandeh Haleh , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Vahed Sepideh Zununi
Published: December 2021

:

Collagen is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix (ECM) in bones, teeth,
and temporomandibular joints. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact with the components of
the ECM such as collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and several proteins on behalf
of variable matrix elasticity and bioactive cues. Synthetic collagen-based biomaterials could
be effective scaffolds for regenerative dentistry applications due to mimicking of host tissues’
ECM. These biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, readily available, and non-toxic to
cells whose capability promotes cellular response and wound healing in the craniofacial region.
Collagen could incorporate other biomolecules to induce mineralization in calcified tissues like
bone and tooth. Moreover, the addition of these molecules or other polymers to collagen-based biomaterials
could enhance mechanical properties, which is important in load-bearing areas such as
the mandible. A literature review was performed via a reliable internet database (mainly PubMed)
based on MeSH keywords. This review first describes the properties of collagen as a key protein in
the structure of hard tissues. Then, it introduces different types of collagens, the correlation between
collagen and MSCs, and the methods used to modify collagen in regenerative dentistry, including
recent progression on the regeneration of periodontium, dentin-pulp complex, and temporomandibular
joint by applying collagen. The prospects and challenges of collagen-based biomaterials
in the craniofacial region are pointd out.
Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Algorithms Analyses Highlight Related Pathways and Genes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Qidong , Sun Xiaoru , Xu Yaru , Fang Yiling , Cao Silu , Niu Bing , Li Cheng
Published: December 2021

Background:

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still not fully studied.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the differently expressed key genes in AD and build a predictive model of diagnosis and treatment.

Methods:

Gene expression data of the entorhinal cortex of AD, asymptomatic AD, and control samples from the GEO database were analyzed to explore the relevant pathways and key genes in the progression of AD. Differentially expressed genes between AD and the other two groups in the module were selected to identify biological mechanisms in AD through KEGG and PPI network analysis in Metascape. Furthermore, genes with a high connectivity degree by PPI network analysis were selected to build a predictive model using different machine learning algorithms. Besides, model performance was tested with five-fold cross-validation to select the best fitting model.

Results:

A total of 20 co-expression gene clusters were identified after the network was constructed. Module 1 (in black) and module 2 (in royal blue) were most positively and negatively correlated with AD, respectively. Total 565 genes in module 1 and 215 genes in module 2, respectively, overlapped in two differentially expressed genes lists. They were enriched in the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, immune-related processes, and so on. 11 genes were screened by using lasso logistic regression, and they were considered to play an important role in predicting AD samples. The model built by the support vector machine algorithm with 11 genes showed the best performance.

Conclusion:

This result shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
method of educating vocabulary in a foreign language or target language
Authors: Saidbakhramovna Azizova Fotimakhon , Valijonvna Rahmatova Nargiza , Sharofidinovna Kurbanbayeva Dilnoza
Published: December 2021

The article illustrates the important features of vocabulary in receiving knowledge in a foreign language. The author of the article analyses the core hypothesis of vocabulary, crucial strategies, vital techniques, variety of instruction, and various approaches (methods) theoretically and practically. To conclude, teaching/learning vocabulary is one of the most crucial and difficult tasks in the field of foreign language teaching/learning. Learning a new word is considered a challenge to foreign language learners. Different strategies are suggested to handle the learning process. So that, teachers should consider that they are responsible to help learners use the most appropriate strategies, and carry on strategies they lack. Teachers should be aware of almost all issues related to this linguistic phenomenon.
LITMUS SRep – een zinsherhaaltaak voor het Nederlands
Authors: De Jong J. , Blom Elma , Van Dijk Chantal
Published: December 2021

In dit artikel wordt de Nederlandse versie beschreven van een zinsherhaaltaak die ontwikkeld is binnen de Europese COST Action IS0804. De benaming voor de Nederlandse taak is LITMUS SRep NL. De taak stelt de gebruiker in staat om zinsherhaling bij meertalige kinderen te meten, door parallelle afname in de verschillende talen van het kind.
In het artikel wordt de Nederlandse taak verantwoord en van een wetenschappelijk achtergrond voorzien. Daarnaast worden de resultaten gepresenteerd van de afname van de SRep in het Nederlands en in enkele andere talen. Aan de hand van die resultaten kunnen enkele vragen over de validiteit van de taak kunnen beantwoord. Tevens wordt het effect van verschillende scoringsmethoden van de SRep besproken met in het bijzonder aandacht voor een scoringswijze die de doelstructuur van de testitems centraal stelt.
Design and usability assessment of DocManS: A document management system with security and social media features
Authors:   Department of Computer and Networking Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia, Syamsuddin Irfan , Yunianta Arda ,   Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,   Faculty of Engineering, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

A document management system (DMS) is required to handle any documents within an institution efficiently. However, several important features are lacking in the current DMS, such as security and social media features. This paper proposes a new solution to tackle the issues by developing a new document management system with security and social media features called DocManS. The development process and usability evaluation by users are presented in this paper. The usability assessment is performed with the use of the System Usability Scale (SUS) framework. The results show that the current version falls within the B range of the SUS framework and several enhancements for better usability in terms of social media sharing and privacy are recommended.
Smokers’ Likelihood to Engage With Information and Misinformation on Twitter About the Relative Harms of e-Cigarette Use: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Jessica , Wright Caroline , Williams Philippa , Elizarova Olga , Dahne Jennifer , Bian Jiang , Zhao Yunpeng , Tan Andy S L
Published: December 2021

Background

Information and misinformation on the internet about e-cigarette harms may increase smokers’ misperceptions of e-cigarettes. There is limited research on smokers’ engagement with information and misinformation about e-cigarettes on social media.

Objective

This study assessed smokers’ likelihood to engage with—defined as replying, retweeting, liking, and sharing—tweets that contain information and misinformation and uncertainty about the harms of e-cigarettes.

Methods

We conducted a web-based randomized controlled trial among 2400 UK and US adult smokers who did not vape in the past 30 days. Participants were randomly assigned to view four tweets in one of four conditions: (1) e-cigarettes are as harmful or more harmful than smoking, (2) e-cigarettes are completely harmless, (3) uncertainty about e-cigarette harms, or (4) control (physical activity). The outcome measure was participants’ likelihood of engaging with tweets, which comprised the sum of whether they would reply, retweet, like, and share each tweet. We fitted Poisson regression models to predict the likelihood of engagement with tweets among 974 Twitter users and 1287 non-Twitter social media users, adjusting for covariates and stratified by UK and US participants.

Results

Among Twitter users, participants were more likely to engage with tweets in condition 1 (e-cigarettes are as harmful or more harmful than smoking) than in condition 2 (e-cigarettes are completely harmless). Among other social media users, participants were more likely to likely to engage with tweets in condition 1 than in conditions 2 and 3 (e-cigarettes are completely harmless and uncertainty about e-cigarette harms).

Conclusions

Tweets stating information and misinformation that e-cigarettes were as harmful or more harmful than smoking regular cigarettes may receive higher engagement than tweets indicating e-cigarettes were completely harmless.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16082420; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN16082420
Partisan Differences in Legislators’ Discussion of Vaccination on Twitter During the COVID-19 Era: Natural Language Processing Analysis
Authors: Engel-Rebitzer Eden , Stokes Daniel C , Meisel Zachary F , Purtle Jonathan , Doyle Rebecca , Buttenheim Alison M
Published: December 2021

Background

The COVID-19 era has been characterized by the politicization of health-related topics. This is especially concerning given evidence that politicized discussion of vaccination may contribute to vaccine hesitancy. No research, however, has examined the content and politicization of legislator communication with the public about vaccination during the COVID-19 era.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine vaccine-related tweets produced by state and federal legislators during the COVID-19 era to (1) describe the content of vaccine-related tweets; (2) examine the differences in vaccine-related tweet content between Democrats and Republicans; and (3) quantify (and describe trends over time in) partisan differences in vaccine-related communication.

Methods

We abstracted all vaccine-related tweets produced by state and federal legislators between February 01, 2020, and December 11, 2020. We used latent Dirichlet allocation to define the tweet topics and used descriptive statistics to describe differences by party in the use of topics and changes in political polarization over time.

Results

We included 14,519 tweets generated by 1463 state legislators and 521 federal legislators. Republicans were more likely to use words (eg, “record time,” “launched,” and “innovation”) and topics (eg, Operation Warp Speed success) that were focused on the successful development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Democrats used a broader range of words (eg, “anti-vaxxers,” “flu,” and “free”) and topics (eg, vaccine prioritization, influenza, and antivaxxers) that were more aligned with public health messaging related to the vaccine. Polarization increased over most of the study period.

Conclusions

Republican and Democratic legislators used different language in their Twitter conversations about vaccination during the COVID-19 era, leading to increased political polarization of vaccine-related tweets. These communication patterns have the potential to contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
A slow road from meat dominance to more sustainable diets: an analysis of purchase preferences (Preprint)
Authors: Erkkola Maijaliisa , Kinnunen Satu , Vepsäläinen Henna , Meinilä Jelena , Uusitalo Liisa , Konttinen Hanna , Saarijärvi Hannu , Fogelholm Mikael , Nevalainen Jaakko
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Achieving a sustainable and healthy diet requires increased replacement of red meat with more sustainable foods. There is a call for novel methodologies to assess the potential of different interventions and policies in enhancing the transition from the current to more sustainable choices.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to characterize consumer clusters with similar preferences in protein sources, to compare the purchase prices of these foods, and to identify ongoing transitions from one protein source to another.

METHODS

Grocery purchase data with individual attributes on 29,437 consenting loyalty card holders were analyzed over 2.3 year period. We designed a sequence analysis to group participants to clusters with similar purchase preferences over the follow-up period and to estimate transition probabilities between preferences. We studied the determinants of prevalent purchase profiles by ordinal logistic models.

RESULTS

We identified six participant profiles with similar preferences in four protein sources: red meat, poultry, fish, and plant-based foods. Red meat dominated the purchase preferences and showed the highest persistence over time. The majority (70%) of the participants demonstrated somewhat mixed purchase profiles. A step-by-step transition from red meat towards plant-based food preference seems most likely via poultry and fish. Overall, low income was not a barrier to a more sustainable purchase profile, while price may deter the purchase of fish. The most important resources in choosing more sustainable profiles were education and stage of family life.

CONCLUSIONS

Societal incentives for sustainable food choices seem most crucial at transition stages of life course and for the less educated. Here we also demonstrate that grocery purchase data offer a valuable tool for monitoring the progressive transition towards a healthy and sustainable food system.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Борьба с эпидемиями в Казахстане в первой трети ХХ в.
Authors:   Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (28, Shevchenko St., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan), Kokebayeva Gulzhaukhar K.  , Shildebai Sabit K. ,   Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (39, Abai Ave., 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Dangerous infectious diseases have always been part of human history. The pandemic associated with the spread of COVID-19 underscores the importance of studying experience of dealing with global epidemics. Research goals and objectives. This article attempts to analyze the problem of spread of infectious diseases in Kazakhstan and the history of dealing with epidemics. The history of combating epidemics in Soviet Kazakhstan covers a large spatial and temporal scale, so the chronological framework of the study is limited to the period up to the early 1930s. Materials and methods. Documents of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and published reports of the state institutions were used as the research sources. The narrative method selected as appropriate in approaching the issues of “real life” helped reconstruct the conditions that prompted the emergence and spread of epidemics in Kazakhstan, as well as examine the ways employed to combat them. The historical-genetic method was instrumental in shedding light on the essence and dynamics of the epidemic situation in Kazakhstan during the period in question, while the historical-comparative method was helpful in identifying the positive dynamics of the fight against infectious diseases in Soviet Kazakhstan. Results. The research was focused on the epidemic situations in Kazakhstan in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. This involved a study of the formation and development of the system of anti-epidemic protection in the Soviet period, as well as of the main methods of combating infectious diseases employed by Soviet and republican government agencies. Conclusion. The research shows the effectiveness of vaccination, medical and sanitary education of the population involved, as well as of other additional measures in eradicating particularly dangerous infectious diseases.
Самовольные переселенческие рыбацкие поселения на калмыцких землях (вторая половина XVIII–XIX в.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Belousov Sergey S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article aims at analyzing the state policy regarding unauthorized fishing settlements of migrants on the Kalmyk pasturesin the period between the second half of the 18th and 19th cc. to better understand the processes of historical development of the Caspian territories of Kalmykia and of the Russian Caspian region. Accordingly, the lines of research were as follows: to examine the causes for unauthorized settlements and the dynamics of the state policies in the region, to study the migrants (settlers) in terms of the irethnicity, social class, and occupation, as well as their relationship with the authorities. Data and methods. The study was based on materials of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region, the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, and published sources. Both historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were employed for the analysis of the data. Results. The author investigated the history of each of the unauthorized fishing settlement, the migrants’ backgrounds in terms of ethnicity, social class, and occupation, and the government’s policies in relation to the migrants. The study shows that such settlements were related to the growth of fishing industry in the region and, partly, to the government’s military and policing practices on the coast of the Caspian Sea. The authorities began to deal seriously with the problem of unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures from the mid-19thcentury, with the start of transformation in the fishing industry. At the turn of the 20th century, the settlements were removed from the control of the Kalmyk authorities and were legalized, then, the process of their administrative-territorial and land structuring was started to finally complete in the second decade of the 20thcentury. Conclusions. The policy of the authorities in relation to unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures differed from that in other areas of the Kalmyk steppe. In Mochagi, the authorities did not insist on the removal of such unauthorized settlements and negotiated with the settlers, and only if the latter rejected the proposed solutions for staying on the Kalmyk pastures, the question about their eviction was raised. Such policies on the problem of settlements on the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea, namely in Mochagi, were justified by the interests of the fishing industry to prevent any harmful effect in case of removal of villages and their inhabitants.
Тюрки в ранних арабских источниках: модусный анализ сочинения Ахмеда Ибн Фадлана о путешествии на Волгу
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (10, Miklouho-Maclay St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation), Al-Rahbi Ahmed Mohammed Nasser , Zarytovskaya Viktoriya N. , Faizova Renata S. ,   M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University (M. Narikbayev Kazakh Humanitarian Law University  University) (8, Korgalzhin Highway, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan)
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article examines the subjectivity in the representation of Turkic clans in ibn Fadlan’s famous memoirs devoted to the Arab mission trip undertaken from Baghdad to the Volga Bulgaria in early 10th c. Informed by the latest linguistic theories, the authors aim to analyze how the modus of his text, i.e. the meaning of the entire historical document, is influenced by the memoirist’s personality as a bearer of certain cultural characteristics and of specific religious beliefs, as well as by historical and everyday circumstances at the time the travelogue was written. Data and methods. Both the reconstructed Arabic original and available Russian translations and commentaries were used in a comparative mode. In addition, the authors considered the recent works of Arab scholars discussing the issue of discourse types of ibn Fadlan’s heritage in the context of the medieval Arab history and thinking. The article focuses on the prevailing themes and motifs in the text of the Arab traveler, when describing the social structures, traditions, and rituals of the Turkic ethnic groups he encountered (chiefly Oguzes), to identify the moduses (of condemnation, fear, surprise, admiration, etc.) through which these were realized, as well as the linguistic means of their expression that disturbed the neutral style of the story. The results of the analysis allow to draw a conclusion that the modus of the work was largely shaped by the medieval way of thinking and the world picture characteristic of the Arab-Muslim traveler, as well as by the official status of ibn Fadlan’s work at the court of the Abbasid Caliphate in its heyday. Also, the authors point out that there is a passage in the text that may be fictional, its morphology being largely of a fabulous character. Notably, attention should be drawn to ibn Fadlan’s attempts to find some possible commonalities between the civilizations, especially in the heavenly realm, and to promote an understanding between the peoples, even if neither cultural nor trade interaction between them existed at the time.
Археологические материалы из раскопок 1929–1937 гг. на территории Калмыкии (по фондам Саратовского областного музея краеведения)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Kekeev Erdni A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The history of archaeological studies on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia began with the 1929 archaeological-ethnographical expedition of the Saratov Oblast´ Museum of Local Studies. The expedition’s field work included archaeological probings and diggings. The aim of the present study is to do a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the archaeological collections of Saratov Museum recovered during archaeological excavations in the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast´ in the period between 1929 and 1937. Results. In general, the methodological level of the seexcavations directed by P. S. Rykov was quite good for the time they were conducted. The fact that most of the findings were accepted by the Museum immediately after the field season was closed maybe seen as the evidence of the professionalism of the team during the planning of the expedition and its actual work. Notably, practically all the results of the archaeological research (1929–1937) were published. The numbering of finds in the registration cards largely corresponds to that of the field report, which indicates that the field inventory was compiled in the process of field and laboratory work. In addition, some of the finds in the field inventory are listed as fragmented clay vessels, while in the Museum, they are recorded as whole items, which also indicates the methodological level of the work done.Conclusion. The collections in questionare a valuable source as far as the archaeology of the Volga-Manych steppes is concerned, because the physical material that they include is illustrative of the main types of archaeological sites recovered on the territory of modern Kalmykia, i. e. relating to settlement types (settlements, camps, selishcha) and burial types (burials under earth mounds and scattered burials). These collections feature items from allmajor eras: Eneolithic, Bronze, Early Iron, and Middle Ages.
Сравнительное исследование лексики в современном калмыцком языке и языке ойратов Монголии в разделе «традиционное жилище и его части»
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Trofimova Svetlana M. , Balzhinimaeva Bayarma D. , Boktaeva Valentina L. , Tuvshintogs Byambajav ,   Banzarov Buryat State University (24A, Smolin St., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation),   National University of Mongolia (3, Baga Toiruu, 210648 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article aims at studying the terms for the traditional dwelling and its parts in the modern Kalmyk language and in the language of the Oirats of Mongolia in a comparative and comparative-historical modes. Analysis of lexical material of the old-written Mongolian, the Khalkha-Mongolian, and the Buryat languages helped identify common terms and common Mongolian basis; also, some features of the Oirat distribution area and specific characteristics of Kalmyk and Oirat of Mongolia were clarified. The lexical material reflects to a degree the historical realities of the ethnic groups in the period of the common Mongolian proto-language, and in a later period of the settlement of Mongolian clans and the formation of Mongolian languages. Materials and methods. The research database comprises the data of dictionaries of the languages under study, as well as field material collected from informants during expeditions to Oirat groups in Western Mongolia. The main research methods are descriptive, comparative, comparative-historical, and continuous sampling. Results. The analysis helped identify both common Mongolian and specific terms characteristic of Kalmyk and Oirat of Mongolia, reflecting the nomadic lifestyle of pastoralists. Conclusion. The authors argue that the commonality of the traditional dwelling vocabulary in the languages in question indicates their common origin, as well as great antiquity of the Oirat clans’ original material culture.
Модели элементарных простых предложений со структурной схемой (S) + NAcc + VF в обобщенно-личных пословицах башкирского языка (на материале фольклорного корпуса)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave, 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Sirazitdinov Zinnur A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Modern philological science associates with structural-semantic approaches to the study of linguistic phenomena. But so far, the structural-semantic study of Bashkir proverbs based on the entire corpus, as well as the identification of the final types of models has not been undertaken. The purpose of this article is to study models of elementary simple sentences of the structural type (S) + NAcc + VF. This type, with an object in the accusative case, is the most frequent one; the accusative in the Bashkir language is a grammatical means of formalizing the actant as an object of direct immediate impact. Data and methods. Generalized personal proverbs selected from the folklore database of the Machine Corpus of the Bashkir language were used as the research material. The proverb corpus contains 354 proverbial expressions representing generalized personal sentences, i.e., 73.5 percent of the total number of one-part verb proverbs. The research method consisted in isolating an elementary simple sentence, which includes a predicate and obligatory actants; the author draws here on the work of Novosibirsk syntax students. The syntactic model is understood as the content plane of an elementary simple sentence, which is determined by its proposition. The structural diagram represents the expression plane of an elementary simple sentence. At this stage, the study focuses on proverbs with simple finite verbs. Results. The study shows that 8 models are implemented within the structural scheme (S) + NAcc + VF. Of these the model of physical impact on the object [(S) + NPatAcc + VActf] is the most frequent one, 62 proverbial expressions have been identified for this model. Each model of the structure in question is characterized by its inherent set of semantic roles and typical meaning, while in most cases, object actants act in the form of a certain accusative. Conclusions. The syntactic features characteristic of the construction of this type of proverbial expressions are likely to occur in modern literary language and colloquial speech with a more complex syntactic structure.
Некоторые религиозные термины, хадисы и аяты в башкирских мунаджатах
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Salikhov Akhat G. , Gizzatullina Gulnaz M.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In the oral popular art and written literary monuments of the Bashkir people, there is a special musical-poetic genre of the lyric-epic and religious character, which is called munajat. This article aims to analyze some of the ayats, hadiths, and religious terms used in the Bashkir munajats. Materials and methods. Samples of religious poetry borrowed from a thematic volume of the Bashkir folk art compendium were used as the main source of the research data. Over 1,500 examples have been identified, some of which are used in this article. A systematic and comparative analysis and a historical-typological research method were employed for the analysis of the material. Results. Many Bashkir scholars were among the students of the munajats. In their works, they often focused on the main features of the genre, such as religious motifs, plots, and appeals to Allah that they contain. Since early 1990s, the munajats have been experiencing a rebirth: old versions have returned to become popular again; also, new types, composed by our contemporaries, have emerged, and spread in various regions. The study resulted in identifying over one and a half thousand examples containing Muslim terms, ayats, and hadiths; some of them have been included in this article. Conclusions. The present study shows the peculiarities of the use of religious subjects, terms, and motifs in the Bashkir munajats. Some words and phrases were changed to adapt to the popular usage, while preserving the Arabic cliché. In its turn, the use of religious vocabulary enriched the Bashkir language and literature.
Langzeitanalyse der Seedfinancing-Programmfamilie
Authors:   AIT - Austria Institute of Technology, Leitner Karl-Heinz , Zahradnik Georg , Jud Thomas
Published: December 2021

Die Seedfinancing-Programmfamilie ist das bedeutendste Programm für die Förderung von jungen, hoch-innovativen Technologieunternehmen in Österreich. Es zielt darauf ab, Geschäftsideen zu konkretisieren und Finanzierungsengpässe in den frühen Phasen der Unternehmensentwicklung zu überwinden. Bislang gibt es keine empirische Evidenz über die längerfristige Entwicklung der PreSeed- und Seedfinancing-geförderten Unternehmen, auch im Vergleich zur Entwicklung mit ähnlichen technologieintensiven Unternehmensgründungen, die keine oder andere Förderung in Anspruch genommen haben. Um diese Frage beantworten zu können, wurde im Spätsommer 2020 eine Befragung bei Unternehmen durchgeführt, die zwischen 2011 und 2019 eine Förderung erhalten haben. Die befragten Unternehmen wurden im Weiteren mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen, die auf Basis des Austrian Startup Monitors (ASM) gebildet wurde. Darüber hinaus wurden im Rahmen der Langzeitanalyse auch Interviews mit einer Reihe von StakeholderInnen (u.a. Startups, Boardmitglieder, Programm-Management) durchgeführt.
Marketing educacional: propostas e desafios para uma instituição de educação básica
Authors: Santos Fabrício Forcato dos , Marques Rosebelly Nunes
Published: December 2021

Tendo em vista o crescimento do número de empresas particulares atuantes na área da Educação, especialmente na educação básica, as ações de marketing realizadas nesse segmento são instrumentos importantes no que diz respeito ao posicionamento e competitividade no mercado. O objetivo deste trabalho, dessa forma, foi o de discutir os aspectos promoção, pessoas e evidências físicas do composto de marketing de uma instituição privada de educação básica e propor algumas estratégias dentro do marketing educacional. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados provenientes de pesquisas de satisfação e de relatórios internos sobre retenção e captação de novos clientes por parte da unidade educativa. As informações mostraram que, em decorrência das características particulares dos serviços, a instituição pode adotar medidas que não impactam profundamente seu planejamento e que possibilitam ampliar o grau de satisfação da sua clientela com consequente aumento da fidelização.
Students Interest on Online Learning and Offline Learning in The Covid-19 Out break at SMP N 1 Luhak Nan Duo
Authors: Norhasikin Norhasikin Norhasikin , Afriyanti Rika , Ikhsan Muhammad Khairi
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana minat belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran secara online dan offline dimasa pandemic COVID-19 oleh siswa kelas tujuh di SMPN 1 Luhak Nan Duo Pasaman Barat tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif untuk menggambarkan dan memaparkan tentang minat belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran secara online dan offline dimasa pandemic COVID-19. Sumber data dari penelitian ini berupa angket dan wawancara data dikumpulkan melalui teknik total sampling. Data siswa dan siswi ini di dapatkan melalui angket yang diambil secara online melalui google form. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima indikator untuk melihat minat belajar siswa yaitu: attention,willingness,needs,feeling happy,and participation. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan selama penelitian, peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa 79% siswa memiliki minat belajar pada pembelajaran online, sedangkan 81% lebih memiliki minat belajar ketika pembelajaran dilakukan secara offline, oleh karena itu peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa minat belajar siswa lebih tinggi ketika pembelajaran dilakukan secara offline hal ini didukung oleh hasil wawancara yang mana menyatakan bahwa lebih banyak siswa memiliki minat belajar ketika pembelajaran dilakukan secara offline. Menurut siswa hal ini terjadi karena siswa merasa lebih memahami materi pembelajaran ketika pembelajaran dilakukan secara offline.
Pelaksanaan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Guru Sosiologi pada Masa New Normal Di SMA N 1 Pasaman
Authors: Selvi Fauzia Selvi Fauzia , Marleni Marleni , Wahyuni Yanti Sri
Published: December 2021

This research was motivated by the Corona Virus Outbreak Pandemic (covid 19), Covid 19 was first reported in Indonesia on Monday 2 March 2020. This incident hampered all activities of human life from various sectors, especially in the field of education, namely teaching and learning activities. From the problems or phenomena found, of course there is a relationship and effort that must be made by sociology teachers to the implementation of the basic skills of teaching teachers with their students. The formulation of the research problem is how the basic skills of teaching sociology teachers in the new normal period at SMA N 1 Pasaman. The theory used in this research is the behavioristic theory proposed by B.F Skinner. This research approach is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The types of data in this research are primary and secondary data. There were 8 informants in this study. Data collection methods used are observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. To achieve the validity of research data using triangulation techniques. Meanwhile, the unit of data analysis used was the individual with data analysis by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, data presentation and conclusion drawing. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the implementation of the basic skills of teaching Sociology teachers in the New Normal period is very different from the pre-covid 19 period, all of which can be implemented. Based on the 5 skills that researchers observed, the implementation of these basic skills was not implemented in offline learning in the New Normal. Keywords: Basic Teaching Skill, Sociology Teacher, New Normal
Sliding Space-Frequency Processing of Finite Two-Dimensional Real Discrete Signals Based on the Fourier Transform with Variable Parameters
Authors: Ponomarev A. V. , Ponomareva O. V.
Published: December 2021

In the field of Fourier processing of finite signals, three main directions of scientific research have been identified: Fourier processing of one-dimensional finite signals - processing of scalar functions of a scalar argument, Fourier processing of two-dimensional finite signals - processing of scalar functions of a vector argument, multichannel Fourier processing - processing of vector functions of a scalar argument. As part of the creation of a generalized theory of Fourier processing of finite signals, the authors proposed: the theory of spectral analysis of discrete signals at finite intervals in the bases of parametric exponential functions and the theory of two-dimensional digital signal processing in Fourier bases with variable parameters. The developed theories, generalizing the theory of Fourier processing of one-dimensional and two-dimensional signals, are based: on the introduction of new concepts of the shift of finite discrete signals in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases and the introduction of new basic Fourier processing systems of discrete signals, which have the properties of multiplicativity, functions in the system. The mathematical apparatus of two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters in matrix and algebraic form is considered. A new method for processing finite two-dimensional real discrete signals in the spatial-frequency domain based on the discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters, the method of sliding spatial-frequency processing, has been introduced. An efficient method and algorithm for fast diagonal sliding spatial-frequency processing of finite two-dimensional real discrete signals based on the discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters has been developed. The estimation of the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm of the diagonal sliding two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters from the point of view of computational costs is carried out. As a result of experimental studies on model two-dimensional discrete finite signals, the validity, efficiency and reliability of the proposed method of sliding spatial-frequency processing of finite two-dimensional real discrete signals based on the discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters have been proved. A comparison (from the point of view of computational costs) of the developed method of sliding spatial-frequency processing of finite two-dimensional real discrete signals based on the discrete Fourier transform with variable parameters with the standard method of sliding processing of this type of signals is carried out.