bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fossiles et phylogénie
Authors: LAURIN Michel
Published: August 2022

L'étude de l'évolution des taxons éteints pose des problèmes spécifiques, dus en particulier à l'absence de matériel génétique (sauf cas rares et récents) dans le registre fossile. Au-delà de leur intérêt propre, les fossiles constituent une source d'information essentielle pour l'étude du Vivant. En particulier, sans fossiles, il est très difficile de dater les divers évènements évolutifs.
Inférence de processus démographiques chez les populations humaines
Authors: AUSTERLITZ Frédéric
Published: August 2022

L'histoire de l'humanité est en partie inscrite dans notre génome. Les outils d'analyse du polymorphisme génétique, dont les bases ont été établies au cours du XXe siècle, sont mis à profit à l'heure actuelle afin d'éclairer notre passé. Il est ainsi possible d’utiliser l’ADN de nos contemporains pour inférer les migrations et les modifications de l’effectif des populations humaines ancestrales.
Calculs d’inférence dans les arbres phylogénétiques
Authors: GUÉGUEN Laurent
Published: August 2022

Plusieurs critères permettent d’évaluer la pertinence d’une phylogénie : le nombre minimal d’événements pour la parcimonie, la probabilité des données pour la vraisemblance. Le calcul selon ces critères repose sur des algorithmes de parcours d'arbre similaires et pouvant être décrits de manière très générique. Spécifiquement à chaque critère, il est ensuite possible d’explorer ces parcours pour inférer l’histoire évolutive des données.
Phylogénétique : quelles mesures de support pour les branches d’un arbre ?
Authors: GASCUEL Olivier , LEMOINE Frédéric
Published: August 2022

La reconstruction phylogénétique repose sur l'analyse d'une quantité finie de données qui fournissent parfois des informations contradictoires. Quantifier l'incertitude inhérente à l'estimation d'arbres de l'évolution est donc une tâche primordiale. L'approche statistique fournit ici des outils pertinents permettant de distinguer les parties fiables des régions fragiles de ces arbres.
Calcul d’interaction fluide-structure par co-simulation
Authors: PERNOD Laëtitia
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre expose les techniques de co-simulation, visant à tirer parti des fonctionnalités de solveurs en dynamique des structures et des fluides afin de représenter les interactions fluide/structure pour des géométries réelles, comme des profils portants déformables. Les principaux algorithmes de couplage, mis en œuvre avec des outils généralistes, sont discutés et des exemples de validation et d’applications sont également proposés.
La stratégie marketing dans la phase de mise sur le marché : une application de Rough Sets
Authors: ENJOLRAS Manon , GALVEZ Daniel , CAMARGO Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Ce chapitre questionne la prise de décision stratégique et l’incertitude du jugement humain à travers un cas d’application lié au marketing des produits cosmétiques. En mobilisant la méthode Rough Sets, ce chapitre propose de construire un modèle de préférence se traduisant sous forme de règles conditionnelles représentant les meilleures combinaisons de ressources marketing à mobiliser.
Estimation of extreme precipitations in Estonia and Italy using dual-pol weather radar QPEs
Authors: Cremonini Roberto , Voormansik Tanel , Post Piia , Moisseev Dmitri
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Climatology of extreme rainfalls for a certain location is commonly taken into account designing stormwater management systems. Rain gauge data have often been used to estimate rainfall intensity for a given return period. However, the poor spatial and temporal resolution of operational gauges is the main limiting factor. Several studies have used rainfall estimates based on weather radar horizontal reflectivity (Zh), but they come with a significant caveat: while proven reliable on low or moderate rainfall rates, they are subject to major errors in extreme rainfall and convective cases. It is widely known that C-band weather radar can both underestimate precipitation intensity due to signal attenuation or overestimate it due to hail and clutter contamination. This study circumvents these shortcomings by using specific differential phase (Kdp) data from dual-polarization C-band weather radars. The rain intensity estimates based on specific differential phase are immune to attenuation and affected less by hail contamination. This study aims to estimate depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves computed using polarimetric weather radar data using quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs) based on Kdp data and to compare the results with the DDF curves derived using rain-gauge data. Only the warm period of the year is here considered, as most of the extreme precipitation events take place at this time. Limiting the dataset to warm period also allows us to use the radar-based rainfall quantitative precipitation estimates, which are more reliable than the snowfall ones. Single C-band polarimetric weather radar site data are used both from Italy and Estonia. This study demonstrates that polarimetric weather radar observations can provide reliable QPEs compared to rain gauges and, that even relatively short time series can provide a reliable estimation of the rainfall return periods in climatological homogeneous areas.
Multiple conjugate observations of magnetospheric fast flow bursts using THEMIS observations
Authors: Aryan Homayon , Bortnik Jacob , Li Jinxing , Weygand James Michael , Chu Xiangning , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Magnetotail earthward fast flow bursts can transport most magnetic flux and energy into the inner magnetosphere. These fast flow bursts
are generally an order of magnitude higher than the typical convection speeds that are azimuthally localised (1–3 RE) and are flanked by
plasma vortices, which map to ionospheric plasma vortices of the same sense of rotation. This study uses a multipoint analysis of conjugate
magnetospheric and ionospheric observations to investigate the magnetospheric and ionospheric responses to fast flow bursts that are associated
with both substorms and pseudobreakups. We study in detail what properties control the differences in the magnetosphere–ionosphere responses between
substorm fast flow bursts and pseudobreakup events, and how these differences lead to different ionospheric responses. The fast flow bursts and
pseudobreakup events were observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during Substorms (THEMIS), while the primary ionospheric
observations were made by all-sky cameras and magnetometer-based equivalent ionospheric currents. These events were selected when the satellites
were at least 6 RE from the Earth in radial distance and a magnetic local time (MLT) region of ± 5 h from local midnight. The
results show that the magnetosphere and ionosphere responses to substorm fast flow bursts are much stronger and more structured compared to
pseudobreakups, which are more likely to be localised, transient and weak in the magnetosphere. The magnetic flux in the tail is much stronger for
strong substorms and much weaker for pseudobreakup events. The Blobe decreases significantly for substorm fast flow bursts compared to
pseudobreakup events. The curvature force density for pseudobreakups are much smaller than substorm fast flow events, indicating that the
pseudobreakups may not be able to penetrate deep into the inner magnetosphere. This association can help us study the properties and activity of the
magnetospheric earthward flow vortices from ground data.
High interannual surface pCO2 variability in the Southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Kitikmeot Sea
Authors: Sims Richard Peter , Ahmed Mohamed , Butterworth Brian J. , Duke Patrick J. , Gonski Stephen F. , Jones Samantha F. , Brown Kristina A. , Mundy Christopher J. , Williams William J. , Else Brent G. T.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Warming of the Arctic due to climate change means the Arctic Ocean is now ice-free for longer as sea ice melts earlier and refreezes later. It remains unclear how the extended ice-free period will impact carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes due to scarcity of surface ocean CO2 measurements. Baseline measurements are urgently needed to understand how air−sea CO2 fluxes will spatially and temporally vary in a changing Arctic Ocean. It is uncertain whether the previous basin-wide surveys are representative of the many smaller bays and inlets that make up the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. By using a research vessel that is based in the remote Inuit community of Cambridge Bay (Ikaluqtuutiak, Nunavut), we have been able to reliably survey pCO2 shortly after ice melt and access previously unsampled bays and inlets in the nearby region. We present four years of consecutive summertime pCO2 measurements collected in the Kitikmeot Sea in the southern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Overall, we found that this region is a sink for atmospheric CO2 in August (average of all calculated fluxes over the four cruises was -8.3 mmol m-2 d-1) but the magnitude of this sink varies substantially between years and locations (average calculated fluxes of 0.41, -7.70, -21.26 and -2.08 mmol m-2 d-1 during the 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 cruises respectively). Surface ocean pCO2 varied by up to 142 μatm between years; this highlights the importance of repeat observations in the Arctic as this high interannual variability would not have been captured by sparse and infrequent measurements. We find that the pCO2 value of the surface ocean at the time of ice melt is extremely important in constraining the magnitude of the air−sea flux throughout the ice-free season. Further constraining the flux in the Kitikmeot Sea will require a better understanding of how pCO2 changes outside of the summer season. Surface ocean pCO2 measurements made in the bays and inlets in the Kitikmeot Sea were ~20–40 μatm lower than in the main channels, and pCO2 measurements made close to ice breakup (i.e. within 2 weeks) were 50–100 μatm lower than measurements made >4 weeks after breakup. As basin-wide surveys of the CAA have focused on the deeper shipping channels and rarely measure close to the ice break-up date, we hypothesize that there may be an observational bias in previous studies, leading to an underestimate of the CO2 sink in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These high-resolution measurements constitute an important new baseline for gaining a better understanding of the role this region plays in the uptake of atmospheric CO2.
Evaluation of the smile effect on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE)/Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) cloud product
Authors: Wang Minrui , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Roh Woosub , Satoh Masaki , Suzuki Kentaroh , Kubota Takuji , Yoshida Mayumi
Published: August 2022

Abstract. A cloud identification and profiling algorithm is being developed for the Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI), which is one of the four instruments that the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) spacecraft will feature. During recent work, we noticed that the MSI response function could shift substantially among some wavelengths (0.67 and 1.65 µm bands) owing to the smile effect, that is an effect in which a shift in the center wavelength appears as a distortion in the spectral image. We evaluated how the smile effect affects the cloud retrieval product qualitatively and quantitatively. We chose four detector pixels from bands 1 and 3 with the nadir pixel as the reference to elucidate how the smile effect error affects the cloud optical thickness (τ) and effective cloud droplet radius (re) by simulating the MSI forward radiation with Comprehensive Analysis Program for Cloud Optical Measurement (CAPCOM). We also evaluated the error in simulated scenes from a global cloud system resolving model and a satellite simulator to measure the effect on actual observation scenes. For typical shallow warm clouds (τ = 8, re = 8 μm), the smile effect on the cloud retrieval was not significant in most cases (up to 6 % error). For typical deep convective clouds (τ = 8, re = 40 μm), the smile effect on the cloud retrieval was even less significant in most cases (up to 4 % error). Moreover, our results from two oceanic scenes using the synthetic MSI data agreed well with the forward radiation simulation, indicating that the error from the smile effect was generally within 10 %.
The use of GRDC gauging stations for calibrating large-scale hydrological models
Authors: Burek Peter , Smilovic Mikhail
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Global Runoff Data Centre provides time series of observed discharges that are valuable for calibrating and validating the results of hydrological models. We address a common issue in large-scale hydrology that has not been satisfactorily solved, though investigated several times. To compare simulated and observed discharge, grid-based hydrological models must fit reported station locations to the resolution-dependent gridded river network. We introduce an Intersection over Union ratio approach to selected station locations on a coarser grid-scale, reducing the errors in assigning stations to the correct upstream basin. We update the 10-year-old database of watershed boundaries with additional stations based on a high-resolution (3 arc seconds) river network and provide source codes and high- and low-resolution watershed boundaries. The dataset is stored on Zenodo with the associated DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6906577.
Developing a low-cost frequency-domain electromagnetic induction instrument
Authors: Wilson Gavin , Conrad Jacob , Anderson John , Swidinsky Andrei , Shragge Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Recent advancements and the widespread availability of low-cost microcontrollers and electronic components have created new opportunities for developing and using low-cost, open-source instrumentation for near-surface geophysical investigations. Geophysical methods that do not require ground contact, such as frequency-domain electromagnetics, allow one or two users to quickly acquire significant amounts of ground resistivity data in a cost-effective manner. The Colorado School of Mines electromagnetic system (CSM-EM) is a proof-of-concept instrument capable of sensing conductive objects in near-surface environments, and is similar in concept to commercial-grade equipment while costing under USD 400 to build. We tested the functionality of the CSM-EM system in a controlled laboratory setting during the design phase and validated it over a conductive target in an outdoor environment. The transmitter antenna can generate a current of over 2.5 A, and emit signals that are detectable by a receiver antenna at offsets of up to 25 m. The system requires minor refitting to change the functioning frequency, and has been operationally validated at 0.4 and 1.6 kHz. The receiver signal can be measured by off-the-shelf digital multimeters. Future directions will focus on improving the electronic and mechanical stability of the CSM-EM with the goal of using acquired data to make quantitative measurements of subsurface resistivity.
EXPLORING JITTERING AND ROUTING OPTIONS FOR CONVERTING ORIGIN-DESTINATION DATA INTO ROUTE NETWORKS: TOWARDS ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF MOVEMENT AT THE STREET LEVEL
Authors: Lovelace R. , Félix R. , Carlino D.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Origin-Destination (OD) datasets provide vital information on how people travel between areas in many cities, regions and countries worldwide. OD datasets are usually represented geographically with straight lines or routes between zone centroids. For active travel, this geographic representation has substantial limitations, especially when zone origins and centroids are large: only using a single centroid origin/destination for each large zone results in sparse route networks covering only a small fraction of likely walking and cycling routes. This paper implements and explores the use of jittering and different routing options to overcome this limitation, thereby adding value to aggregate OD data to support investment in sustainable transport infrastructure. The route network results — generated from on an open dataset representing cycling trips in Lisbon, Portugal — were compared with a ground-truth dataset from 67 count locations distributed throughout the city. This approach enabled exploration of which jittering parameters and routing options lead to the most accurate route network results approximating the real geographic distribution of cycling trips in the study area. We found that jittering and disaggregating OD data, combined with routing using low level of traffic stress (quieter) preferences resulted in the most accurate route networks. We conclude that a combined approach involving 1) jittering with intermediate levels of disaggregation and 2) careful selection of routing options can lead to much more realistic route networks than using established OD processing techniques. The methods can be deployed to support evidence-based investment in strategic cycling and other sustainable transport networks in cities worldwide.
Studying Alignment in a Collaborative Learning Activity via Automatic Methods: The Link Between What We Say and Do
Authors: Norman Utku , Dinkar Tanvi , Bruno Barbara , Clavel Chloé
Published: August 2022

A dialogue is successful when there is alignment between the speakers, at different linguistic levels. In this work, we consider the dialogue occurring between interlocutors engaged in a collaborative learning task, where they are evaluated on how well they performed and how much they learnt. Our main contribution is to propose new automatic measures to study alignment; focusing on lexical alignment, and a new alignment context that we introduce termed as behavioural alignment (when an instruction given by one interlocutor was followed with concrete actions in a physical environment by another). Thus we propose methodologies to create a link between what was said, and what was done as a consequence. To do so, we focus on expressions related to the task in the situated activity. These expressions are minimally required by the interlocutors to make progress in the task. We then observe how these local alignment contexts build to dialogue level phenomena; success in the task. What distinguishes our approach from other works, is the treatment of alignment as a procedure that occurs in stages. Since we utilise a dataset of spontaneous speech dialogues elicited from children, a second contribution of our work is to study how spontaneous speech phenomena (such as when interlocutors say "uh", "oh" ...) are used in the process of alignment. Lastly, we make public the dataset to study alignment in educational dialogues. Our results show that all teams lexically and behaviourally align to some degree regardless of their performance and learning, and our measures capture that teams that did not succeed in the task were simply slower to collaborate. Thus we find that teams that performed better, were faster to align. Furthermore, our methodology captures a productive, collaborative period that includes the time where the interlocutors came up with their best solutions. We also find that well-performing teams verbalise the marker "oh" more when they are behaviourally aligned, compared to other times in the dialogue; showing that this marker is an important cue in alignment. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study the role of "oh" as an information management marker in a behavioural context (i.e. in connection to actions taken in a physical environment), compared to only a verbal one. Our measures contribute to the research in the field of educational dialogue and the intersection between dialogue and collaborative learning research.
Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: an historical review
Authors: Rimet Borges Jules , Medeiros Eda Yann Victor , Ianhez Mayra , Garcia-Zapata Marco Tulio Antonio
Published: August 2022

Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, characterized by a verrucous plaque on the limbs. It mainly affects rural workers in tropical countries. The purpose of this review is to identify how the diagnostic methods used in the propaedeutic of chromoblastomycosis emerged and were developed. The MeSH terms “chromoblastomycosis” or “chromomycosis” or “verrucous dermatitis” and “diagnosis” were used to search articles indexed in MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The description of a first-time-used method in diagnosing chromoblastomycosis or modifications and innovations in an existing technique was the criteria used to deem the article eligible. The first methods described in diagnosing chromoblastomycosis were histopathological examination and culture, which characterizes and defines the disease in the early 20th century. Subsequently, they were described as direct microscopic examination, fine needle aspiration for cytology, electron microscopy, serology, molecular tests, scintigraphy, nuclear magnetic resonance and dermoscopy. Tests based on the direct identification of the fungus through biopsy, culture, or direct microscopy are the oldest and more employed methods for diagnosing chromoblastomycosis. The polymerase chain reaction was introduced in the last few decades and is a promising technique. Dermoscopy of chromoblastomycosis shows blackish red dots and white and pink areas along with scaling. Other techniques, such as serology and skin testing for delayed-type hypersensitivity, have not been incorporated into clinical practice.
KEY WORDS: Chromoblastomycosis; diagnosis; review.
C-reactive protein for the diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum
Authors: Nauside Pessoa da Silva Maria Nauside , Tárcila  Alves de Almeida Ana , Lamounier Costa Dorcas , Nery Costa Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2022

Acute-phase reaction (APR) and its marker C-reactive protein (CRP) are heightened in some infectious diseases. APR may contribute to clinical manifestations of systemic inflammation such as hemorrhages, anemia and edema. These symptoms are shared by visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani. The former is zoonotic, hitting mostly children and the immunosuppressed, with higher mortality. As APR and CRP have not been studied in VL caused by L. infantum, we decided to investigate their role as diagnostic and prognostic tools in Brazil. We measured CRP in 136 patients before the treatment of VL and 128 who survived and returned 30 days later and compared it to the clinical presentation, HIV status, and disease severity. Sensitivity for the disease was 97.8% (95%CI: 93.7 - 99.5) and specificity was 85.9% (95%CI: 78.7 - 91.0) with the cut-off of 10mg/L. There was no association of CRP concentration with demographic, clinical and laboratory data. The correlation between pre-and post-treatment levels existed but was poor. Marginal association with the presence of parasites in the bone marrow and death was noticed. The role of APR in the pathogenesis of VL and disease severity remains to be explored. However, the study reveals the significant role of CRP for VL caused by L. infantum and should be routinely required for the diagnosis and follow-up.
KEY WORDS: visceral leishmaniasis, kala-azar, acute phase reaction, C-reactive protein, Leishmania infantum, diagnosis, prognosis.
Koebner Phenomenon: a Clinical Clue of Systemic Sarcoidosis
Authors: Patel Shivangi ,   University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida.
Published: August 2022

We have a 57 year old female with past medical history significant only for hypothyroidism and generalized lymphadenopathy who presents with acute behavioral changes. She was minimally responsive on exam, nonverbal, and only weakly able to follow basic commands such as squeezing her hands. Her physical exam was notable for scarring of bilateral eyebrows (figures 1 and 2), which occurred three years ago when she had cosmetic tattooing of her eyebrows. She was accompanied by her husband who states that she does not take any medications at home other than levothyroxine. Clinical testing including neuroimaging with CT and MRI, EEG, CBC/CMP, TSH, HIV, RPR, urine drug screen, and CSF analysis were all normal. On a previous admission, patient had a full-body CT performed which showed extensive lymphadenopathy throughout the neck, bilateral hila, mesentery, and retroperitoneum. Bronchoscopy was performed at that time which did not yield any pathology. In addition, there are innumerable hypodense lesions invading the liver and spleen parenchyma, which was not worked up at this point. A biopsy of multiple liver lesions performed this admission showed noncaseating granulomas with no evidence of malignancy (figure 3). A diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was made based on compatible clinical presentation, pathologic evidence of noncaseating granulomas, and exclusion of infection or malignancy. The patient was started on high-dose systemic corticosteroids with rapid return to baseline neurologic function. Isomorphic responses to skin trauma, such as in cosmetic tattooing in our patient, is known as Koebner phenomenon and can present as early clues of systemic sarcoidosis in the appropriate clinical context.
Implementasi Kurikulum Pesantren Salafi dan Pesantren Modern Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Santri Membaca dan Memahami Kitab Kuning
Authors: Amirudin Jafar , Rohimah Elis
Published: August 2022

Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin mengetahui sejauh mana sebuah pondok pesantren mengembangkan kurikulum dengan baik, sehingga pesantren bisa bersaing dengan pendidikan umum yang tidak terintegrasi dengan pesantren atau pendidikan umum lainnya. Terutama penulis ingin mengetahui apakah kurikulum pesantren yang sekarang masih mengarahkan para santrinya kepada gerbang keilmuan agama yang mendalam atau malah sebaliknya hanya sebuah nama saja. Dengan menggunakan metode komparatif kualitatif melalui observasi lapangan penelitian ini menghasilkan berbagai kesimpulan. Dimana penulis menelaah dua pesantren yang berbeda dalam pengelolaannya dan ciri khasnya. Yang pertama pesantren Al-Idhhar Tasikmalaya yang ciri khasnya adalah pesantren salafi (yang khusus mengkaji kitab-kitab klasik/kitab kuning) dan yang kedua pesantren Darul Arqom yang mengikuti pendidikan formal dan pembelajarannya sudah modern. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, implementasi kurikulum pesantren Al-Idhhar masih menggunakan sistem tradisional dengan sistem pembelajaran melogat, naqrir, ngerab, narkib, ngasalken, bendongan dan wetonan. Media pembelajarannya adalah kitab kuning saja. Berbeda dengan pesantren Darul Arqom, implementasi kurikulumnya sudah modern dengan sistem pembelajaran yang terintegrasi, antara pelajaran pesantren dan sekolah. Kurikulumnya sudah terstruktur dengan baik, dengan sistem boarding school. Media pembelajarannya adalah dari buku-buku, media internet, aplikasi dan kitab kuning

Kata kunci: Pesantren salafi, pesantren modern, kurikulum, dan kitab kuning
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Letak Rumah Melalui Penggunaan Alat Peraga Tiga Dimensi
Authors: Masitoh Tuti
Published: August 2022

Keberhasilan kegiatan belajar siswa dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah verbalisme, hal ini dikarenakan dalam proses pembelajaran guru tidak menggunakan alat peraga. Sedangkan salah satu tujuan mata pelajaran IPS adalah agar peserta didik mengenal konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan masyarakat dan lingkungannya.Berdasarkan hal itu, maka dilakukanlah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa dalam pelajaran IPS tentang mendeskripsikan letak rumah dengan penggunaan alat peraga tiga dimensi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas I SD Negeri 5 Linggasari Kecamatan Ciamis Kabupaten Ciamis. Tahun Akademik 2018/2019. Dengan sampel sebanyak 40 orang melalui peneltian tindakan kelas. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui observasi untuk mengamati aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran dan tes untuk mengetahui hasil belajar IPS siswa sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebelum menggunakan alat peraga tiga dimensi siswa yang mencapai nilai batas lulus sedikit dan nilai rata-ratanya rendah. Setelah menggunakan alat peraga tiga dimensi hasil belajar siswa meningkat dan partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran juga menjadi lebih baik. Dengan alat peraga tiga dimensi mengurangi verbalisme dalam diri siswa.

Kata kunci: Rumah, Alat Peraga, Tiga Dimensi.
CIRURGIA PERIODONTAL MINIMAMENTE INVASIVA CORRELACIONANDO A TÉCNICA “FLAPLESS” E A TECNOLOGIA PIEZOCIRURGICA JUNTO A CIRURGIA DE CORTICOTOMIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Grangeiro Luana Aguiar Gomes , Alcantra Ana Patrícia Souza de Lima
Published: August 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: As cirurgias minimamente invasivas surgiram na odontologia como uma alternativa de promover resultados cirúrgicos mais previsíveis, seguros e indolores com vantagens no trans e pós-operatório. Assim, dentre essas cirurgias, destacam-se a técnica “Flapless” na área da periodontia, podendo associar-se à tecnologia “Piezosurgery”, a qual supera as limitações das instrumentações rotatórias tradicionais e possui relevância em diversas áreas da odontologia. Dessa forma, a piezocirurgia sem retalho pode combinar-se à cirurgia de corticotomia, possuindo benefícios na redução do tempo de tratamento ortodôntico durante a fase de nivelamento e alinhamento, não causando danos sobre os tecidos moles e dentes. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar as vantagens da técnica minimamente invasivas “Flapless” junto a piezocirurgia e discutir sobre a eficácia da correlação delas com a cirurgia de corticotomia. METODOLOGIA: Para essa revisão foi utilizado a base de dados Pubmed, do período de 2012 a 2022, em inglês, considerando estudos de ensaios clínicos e estudos randomizados, sendo obtidos 10 artigos com a busca pelos termos “Flapless Surgery”, “Corticotomy”, “Piezosurgery” selecionando-se apenas 6 artigos. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES: Devido a predileção de técnicas cirúrgicas menos invasivas, a técnica "Flapless" destaca-se por não necessitar do levantamento de retalho muco periósteo, e associada a essa técnica podemos ter a piezocirurgia que consiste em ser realizada por um aparelho de microvibrações ultrassônicas de baixa frequência, de 25 a 29 kHz, promovendo uma força para cortes em tecido ósseo muito menor e mais segura quando comparada às brocas em instrumentos rotatórios, gerando um sangramento intraoperatorio mínimo e uma melhor cicatrização óssea. Dessarte, essa tecnologia é usada em diversas especialidades, e para alguns autores, a relação da piezocirurgia sem retalho com a cirurgia de corticotomia possui vantagens significantes durante o tratamento ortodôntico, como: redução do tempo de retração dentária, preservação do processo de ancoragem e melhoria no controle do torque radicular durante a retração. CONCLUSÃO: Desse modo, podemos afirmar que as técnicas minimamente invasivas são de extrema importância pela sua segurança e precisão nas cirurgias e a relação da técnica “Flapless” junto a piezocirurgia na cirurgia de corticotomia possui benefícios por proporcionar mais conforto ao paciente e ser proporcionar um tratamento mais conservador.
Méta-analyse du rôle de l'activité physique dans le traitement de la constipation
Authors: Weiser Thomas , Landes Sabine
Published: August 2022

La première mesure de traitement de la constipation préconisée par les recommandations actuelles consiste à changer de mode de vie (en incluant davantage d'activité physique). Cette méta-analyse a étudié l'influence d'un traitement par l'activité physique sur les symptômes des patients atteints de constipation chronique. Environ la moitié des participants au programme d'activité physique qui a duré plusieurs semaines ont ressenti un effet positif sur leurs symptômes. Les études portant sur les laxatifs que sont le bisacodyl et le picosulfate de sodium ont montré qu'ils soulageaient généralement les symptômes dès la première journée de traitement.
ONCE AGAIN ABOUT THE COMPREHENSIVE, HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSON AND PHYSICAL PERFECTION
Authors: Ghazaryan Frunz , Ghazaryan G.
Published: August 2022

The different areas of human physical perfection, such as physical education, sports training, health-improvement physical training and fitness specialists emphasize the importance of applying a bilateral approach during training, often using balanced learning and training: bilateral development, bilateral training.
The harmonious development of a person in the process of physical education should be based on the physiological and psychological condition of the body, the requirements and rules of a healthy lifestyle. The functional organization of people within learning and sports training, surely, will contribute to the harmonious and comprehensive development of the person. Those factors predetermine the direction of educational process in the physical education system.
Like Alcestis: Milton’s Twenty-Third Sonnet and Lyric Personhood
Authors: Rush Rebecca
Published: August 2022

The much-debated question of which of Milton’s wives is the “espoused saint” of Sonnet 23 reveals just how much is omitted from Milton’s vision of his saintly beloved. His wife is not given any of the characteristics we typically desire to specify a person: name, age, identifying features, or unique charms. She is instead identified merely through possessives and comparisons. This article explores how Milton’s sonnet taps into an idea of intermediate personhood afforded by the grammatical peculiarities of pronouns and how the poem meditates on lyric conventions of imagining persons. Milton’s amplification of these conventions allows him to see his beloved as irreplaceable while also depicting her as a capacious figure of intimacy in conversation with other figures of intimacy such as Euripides’s Alcestis. In crafting this figure of peculiar love, Milton lays the groundwork for his defense of the “sole propriety” of marriage in Paradise Lost.
Bird of Paradise: The Evolving Song of Milton’s Nightingale
Authors: Robinson Mary Ruth
Published: August 2022

The nightingale is a frequent presence in Paradise Lost—not only as metaphor, but as part of the underlying music of Eden. Diverging from readings that focus on Milton’s identification with the bird, this article begins with his early poetry in order to examine his changing engagement with the nightingale and Philomela’s voice. It then shows how the nightingale becomes a symbol of violated nature in Paradise Lost rather than a representation of the poet himself. Milton’s evolving use of the nightingale speaks to both his poetic development and his great care for the natural world. Carefully listening to Milton’s nightingale offers new ways to understand the ecofeminist significance of her song—and, ultimately, her silence—in Paradise Lost.
Paradise Lost in a Chaotic Century
Authors: Saunders Austen
Published: August 2022

Paradise Lost has become (to borrow a term from Herder) a “fable” of choice. Although its theodicy is now obsolete, it appears to manifest concerns with problems of choice and uncertainty that speak to twenty-first-century challenges, including inequality, political polarization, and failures of collective decision-making. The impression it gives of intuiting a kind of knowledge of these contemporary problems arises out of structural and linguistic features that resemble the way chaos theory describes unpredictable systems. Paradise Lost thus gives aesthetic form to problems Milton had addressed in his earlier political writings, which look now as if they anticipate aspects of modern microeconomics.
Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Experience of a university group practice in a developing country
Authors: Relucio Perez Anthony , Angeli Delos Santos Krista
Published: August 2022

Aims: In developed countries, efforts to improve outcome and minimize costs prompted the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an outpatient procedure. In the Philippines and in most developing countries, most laparoscopic cholecystectomies are still performed on admitted patients who are discharged one or more days after the surgery. No local experience has been published in the Philippines demonstrating the safety and feasibility of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study investigating the outcome of outpatient performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital Faculty Medical Arts Building (UP-PGH FMAB), an ambulatory surgical facility within UP-PGH. The patients were admitted to the ambulatory facility on the day of surgery, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia and discharged on the same day.
Results: From June 2012 to June 2016, 122 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the UP-PGH Faculty medical arts building. There were 80 women (85%) and 42 men (15%) with a mean age of 46 years. The mean operating time was 58 minutes. The unplanned admission rate was 2.4% (two patients), one for conversion to open and two for unrelieved postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Conclusion: Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and technically feasible even in developing countries. It has potential for much economical and social benefit when employed judiciously. Prospective, randomized trials must be conducted in the local setting to refine technique, standardize patient selection and address system deficiencies to allow safe performance of outpatient laparoscopy in the Philippines.
Metronidazole induced neurotoxicity in a case of liver abscess
Authors: Kumari Pushpa , Chandra Porwal Yogesh , Arora Aanchal , Kumar Manish , Kumar Dilip
Published: August 2022

Metronidazole is a commonly used drug and considered relatively safe. But it may present with neurotoxicity, commonly peripheral and rarely central. We report here a case of a young patient with amoebic liver abscess who continued taking metronidazole longer than the prescribed duration of the drug and developed peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar neurotoxicity which was reversible after discontinuation of the drug.
State Ideology, Science, and Pseudoscience in Russia
Authors: Terbish Baasanjav
Published: August 2022

This paper recounts the entangled histories of three distinctly Russian movements, namely: Soviet state ideology, Russian cosmism, and Eurasianism. Despite harboring pseudoscientific and mystical ideas specific to Russia, all three intellectual movements have been propagated by their followers as “universal sciences,” and all three have vied for scientific supremacy and universal acceptance. Suppressed by the Bolsheviks and their state ideology as “unscientific” in the 1920s, Russian cosmism and Eurasianism led an esoteric underground existence during the Soviet period and re-emerged during perestroika, seeking not only to reclaim their “scientific” status but also to potentially fill the perplexing vacuum left by the ensuing demise of Soviet state ideology.
Giving John a Fair Go: Christology in John and the Synoptics
Authors: Chapple Allan
Published: August 2022

In agreement with recent argument that the earliest Christians affirmed the divine identity of Jesus, this essay argues that differences between Christology in the Synoptics and John are too seldom assessed with sufficient care. First, the implications of the differing narrative styles of the Gospels are analysed and considered, showing how failures in this area lead to such problems as treating differences that are complementary as divisions, or differences of degree as differences of kind—thus confusing a greater presentation of Christology with a presentation of a greater Christology. Secondly, it is argued that the major Christological difference between the Gospels lies not in their content but in the way they present it. It does so by showing how the same divine Christology that is explicit in John’s prologue is implicit in Mark’s introduction and Matthew’s conclusion.
Assessment of serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Mahajan Bela , Sahota Jasjit Kaur , Ettishree Ettishree
Published: August 2022

Background: The present study was conducted to assess serum and salivary lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.  Materials & Methods: 62 patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of both genders were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I had SCC patients and group II had normal subjects. In all, serum and unstimulated saliva samples obtained and subjected to assessment of lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid levels. Results: The mean serum LDH level (U/L) in group I was 342.8 and in group II was 246.0. The mean salivary LDH level (U/L) in group I was 652.8 and in group II was 248.4. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean serum uric acid (mg/dl) in group I was 6.98 and in group II was 5.12. The mean salivary uric acid in group I was 5.92 and in group II was 5.26. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: OSCC patients had elevated level of serum and salivary LDH and uric acid.
In-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Embelica officinalis extract on different strains on gram positive and negative bacteria
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Singh Amandeep
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Emblica officinalis extract powder. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria namely E.coli, Pseudomonas fluoresces, Bacillus subtilis, S.aureus, by agar well diffusion method. Quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, i.e., determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by serial broth dilution was carried out on the different bacterial strains. The diameter of the zone of inhibition (ZOI) for the strains tested against was recorded and compared with the standard (Gentamicin, in case of bacteria). The results of the present study also revealed that Amla extract powder can scavenge free radicals or reactive oxygen species under in vitro conditions. The elimination of hydrogen peroxide by Amla powder may be attributed to phenolic compounds. The total phenolic content in the Emblica officinalis extract powder measured by the Folin Ciocalteau reagent in terms of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was found to be 390.8mg/g. The possible reason for antibacterial activity of Amla extract powder might be the presence of tannins in the fruits.
Identification of environmental impacts on the Ton-dano Coastal tourism area as the basis for the de-velopment of environmental documents
Authors: Warouw Felly Ferol , Mailangkay Sonny Davy. J , Katuuk Antoinette Luciane Grace , Lotulung Chrisant Florence , Togas Peggy Veronica , Kembuan Djbir Eddy , Mambo Christi Diana , Rotty Viktory Nicodemus Joufree
Published: August 2022

Environmental documents are the main requirement in development. The environmental document is prepared as a study in monitoring the quality of the environment both at the activity location and in the area around the development. The development of tourist areas certainly requires a study of the identification of environmental impacts. This research is an initial effort to identify environmental impacts on the coastal tourism area of Lake Tondano as the basis for the preparation of environmental documents, including AMDAL, UPL-UKL and SPPL. Identification is carried out starting from the pre-construction stage, construction stage, and operational stage, so that by identifying all impacts, management efforts can immediately be carried out to reduce the impact of damage that will occur.The focus of the research is on the tourist area on the coast of Lake Tondano. The research method is descriptive qualitative, preceded by field observations of the types of tourism that exist and then described according to the stage of the identification of environmental impacts. The results of the research around Tondano are lake nature tourism, culinary tourism, historical tourism and trade.
Rights of persons with disabilities in the light of international conventions
Authors: Nia Dina Tavasoli
Published: August 2022

Persons with disabilities, as a significant part of human society, face many challenges and limitations due to physical and mental limitations, which cause a large part of their human rights to be ignored or violated. In order to recognize the rights of persons with disabilities, international conventions such as the Convention on the rights of the child and the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities have been adopted, each of which defines parts of the rights of persons with disabilities. Since the most important challenge in the lives of persons with disabilities is the unjust and widespread discrimination against them in society, it is intended to examine some of the rights of persons with disabilities, such as social rights, the right to rehabilitation, the right to work, housing and education which has been addressed in international documents and conventions relating to persons with disabilities.
Consumer behaviour of rural shoppers towards nominated FMCG products in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Verma Suraj , Rojhe Kuldeep Chand
Published: August 2022

Consumer behaviour and its extensive knowledge has been a backbone of the marketing strategy of every firm, a comprehensive and inclusive study of all its aspects become authoritative for the success of an organisation. The main purpose of this paper is to identify rural shopper’s behavior in Himachal Pradesh, India. Quantitative approach was applied and Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 550 rural shoppers. Chi square goodness to fit test is used for analysis of data. Exploration on the subject found that rural people are aware about FMCG and before consumption they acquire prior knowledge about the product. Brand is preferred over price by the rural customers. Likewise, rural customers purchases the product according to their need. This study delivers important insights for market segmentation, marketing managers and policy makers.
Load deflection characteristics of copper nickel titanium orthodontic Archwires
Authors: Maliael Mathew Thomas , Babu Harish
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the force applied by a broad arch form orthodontic archwire on displaced teeth in ovoid arch form maxillary dentition. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro three-point test was devised to study force applied. An Ovoid form Maxillary pre-treatment model was selected at random. Right Lateral incisor and left second premolar teeth were trimmed out to simulate deflected teeth. Three different brands of wires were evaluated. The wires were divided into four groups.  Each group had 10 wires for testing. The testing was done in both sites. ANOVA test was done to compare the mean force levels. Results: The lowest force level at 0mm deflection was recorded at 1.27gf and the highest force level at 4mm was recorded at 355.88gf. Conclusion:  The forces applied were low and there was no significant difference in the force levels among the groups.