bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Glycopeptide Partial Structures of Virus Coat Glycoproteins
Authors: KUNZ H. , UNVERZAGT C. , DOMBO B. , KOSCH W. , WALDMANN H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Heterocyclic N‐Oxide, Pyrimido(5,4‐g)pteridinetetrone 5‐Oxide, with Multifunctional Photooxidative Properties. Efficient Agents for Photooxygenation and ‐dehydrogenation, and for Photochemical Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: MAKI Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations in the 8‐Substituted Purine Nucleoside Series
Authors: LIDAKS M. , JANSONS J. , MAURINS J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multinuclear Metal Nucleobase Complexes
Authors: SCHREIBER A. , RAUTER H. , KRUMM M. , MENZER S. , HILLGERIS E. C. , LIPPET B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Semisynthesis of Hemoglobin
Authors: ROY R. P. , ACHARYA A. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of C60
Authors: PRATO M. , MAGGINI M. , SCORRANO G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Derivatization of Fullerenes with Organosilicon Compounds
Authors: AKASAKA T. , ANDO W. , KOBAYASHI K. , NAGASE S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry with Fullerenes: A Brief Overview
Authors: BALCH A. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical‐Physical Properties of the Insecticide Imidacloprid (NTN 33893)
Authors: DIEHR H.‐J. , GALLENKAMP B. , JELICH K. , LANTZSCH R. , SHIOKAWA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amino Acids. A Versatile Tool in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals
Authors: KOTTENHAHN M. , DRAUZ K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymic Catalysis in Heterogeneous Eutectic Mixtures of Substrates
Authors: GILL I. , VULFSON E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmacodynamics of Opioids: Recent Developments
Authors: FOLKERS G. , MICHAEL M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Boron Analogues of Biomolecules
Authors: MORIN C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Scintillator Materials
Authors: BLASSE G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling the Hydrogen Bond
Authors: SMITH D. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Dynamics in Condensed Phases and Proteins
Authors: HOCHSTRASSER R. M. , COWEN B. R. , DUTTON P. L. , GALLI C. , LECOURS S. , MAITI S. , MOSER C. C. , RAFTERY D. , THERIEN M. , ET AL. ET AL.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of C‐reactive Protein and Albumin Excretion as Prognostic Markers for 10‐Year Mortality After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Berton Giuseppe , Cordiano Rocco , Palmieri Rosa , Cavuto Fiorella , Buttazzi Patrizio , Palatini Paolo
Published: August 2010

Background

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is an established prognostic marker in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Recently, albumin excretion rate also has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes in this clinical setting. Our aim was to compare the prognostic power of CRP and albumin excretion rate for long‐term mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Hypothesis

To determine whether albumin excretion rate is a better predictor of long‐term outcome than CRP in post‐AMI patients.

Methods

We prospectively studied 220 unselected patients with definite AMI (median [interquartile] age 67 [60–74] y, female 26%, heart failure 39%). CRP and albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after admission in 24‐hour urine samples. Follow‐up duration was 10 years for all patients.

Results

At survival analysis, both CRP and ACR were associated with increased risk of 10‐year all‐cause mortality, also after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prehospital time delay, creatine kinase‐MB isoenzyme peak, heart failure, and creatinine clearance. CRP and ACR were associated with nonsudden cardiovascular (non‐SCV) mortality but not with sudden death (SD) or noncardiovascular (non‐CV) death. CRP was not associated with long‐term mortality, while ACR was independently associated with outcome both in short‐ and long‐term analyses. At C‐statistic analysis, CRP did not improve the baseline prediction model for all‐cause mortality, while it did for short‐term non‐SCV mortality. ACR improved all‐cause and non‐SCV mortality prediction, both in the short and long term.

Conclusions

ACR was a better predictor of long‐term mortality after AMI than CRP. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This work was supported by grants from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, for the collection, management, and analysis of the data. The authors have no other funding, finan‐ cial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Efficacy of Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements at Side Branch Vessels Treated With the Crush Stenting Technique in True Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Kwon Lee Byoung , Hee Choi Hyun , Hong Kyung‐Soon , Kim Byoung‐Keuk , Shim Jaemin , Kim Jung‐Sun , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong‐Ki
Published: August 2010

Background

Measurement of fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been frequently used to optimize the results of coronary stenting in patients with significant narrowing of coronary arteries.

Hypothesis

There has been a consensus that an FFR value > 0.90 after stenting is a useful surrogate for favorable long‐term clinical outcome. We evaluated the efficacy of FFR measurement at side branch vessels of true coronary bifurcation lesions that were treated with the crush stenting technique.

Methods

This study included 12 patients with significant narrowing in both a main coronary vessel and side branch vessel who underwent the crush stenting procedure.

Results

After crush stenting, FFR measurement was performed at the side branch vessel prior to and after kissing balloon angioplasty (KBA). FFR values increased significantly, from 0.94 ± 0.04 pre‐KBA to 0.97 ± 0.03 post‐KBA (P = 0.011). FFR values after crush stenting but prior to KBA already measured > 0.90 in 9 of the 12 patients (75%). FFR values for the remaining 3 patients were 0.88, 0.88, and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusions

FFR measurement at side branch vessels of coronary bifurcation lesions treated with crush stenting may not contribute to adequate decision‐making for improvement of long‐term clinical outcomes. KBA should be strongly considered for patients with bifurcation lesions treated with crush stenting. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This study was partly supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (Nos. A085012 and A000385); a grant from the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (No. A085136); and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Byoung Kwon Lee, MD and Hyun Hee Choi, MD contributed equally to this article.
Triage of Chest Pain Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Richard Conti C.
Published: August 2010

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When patients are seen in the emergency department with chest pain, the emergency department (ED) physician must decide whether or not the symptoms are due to myocardial ischemia or something else. The concern is that the patient may be evolving an acute coronary syndrome. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A review of the tissue residue approach for organic and organometallic compounds in aquatic organisms
Authors: McElroy Anne E. , Barron Mace G. , Beckvar Nancy , Driscoll Susan B. Kane , Meador James P. , Parkerton Tom F. , Preuss Thomas G. , Steevens Jeffery A.
Published: August 2010

This paper reviews the tissue residue approach (TRA) for toxicity assessment as it applies to organic chemicals and some organometallic compounds (Sn, Hg, and Pb) in aquatic organisms. Specific emphasis was placed on evaluating key factors that influence interpretation of critical body residue (CBR) toxicity metrics including data quality issues, lipid dynamics, choice of endpoints, processes that alter toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, phototoxicity, species- and life stage-specific sensitivities, and biotransformation. The vast majority of data available on TRA is derived from laboratory studies of acute lethal responses to organic toxicants exhibiting baseline toxicity. Application of the TRA to various baseline toxicants as well as substances with specific modes of action via receptor-mediated processes, such as chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and organometallics is discussed, as is application of TRA concepts in field assessments of tissue residues. In contrast to media-based toxicity relationships, CBR values tend to be less variable and less influenced by factors that control bioavailability and bioaccumulation, and TRA can be used to infer mechanisms of toxic action, evaluate the toxicity of mixtures, and interpret field data on bioaccumulated toxicants. If residue-effects data are not available, body residues can be estimated, as has been done using the target lipid model for baseline toxicants, to derive critical values for risk assessment. One of the primary unresolved issues complicating TRA for organic chemicals is biotransformation. Further work on the influence of biotransformation, a better understanding of contaminant lipid interactions, and an explicit understanding of the time dependency of CBRs and receptor-mediated toxicity are all required to advance this field. Additional residue-effects data on sublethal endpoints, early life stages, and a wider range of legacy and emergent contaminants will be needed to improve the ability to use TRA for organic and organometallic compounds. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:50–74. © 2010 SETAC
Genetic polymorphism of CCR2‐64I increased the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yeh Chao‐Bin , Tsai Hsiu‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Chen , Kuo Wu‐Hsien , Chen Tzy‐Yen , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Chou Ming‐Chih , Yang Shun‐Fa
Published: August 2010

Background and Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate genetic impact of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and its receptor chemokine receptor‐2 (CCR2) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

A total of 446 subjects, including 344 healthy controls and 102 patients with HCC, were recruited in this study and subjected to PCR‐RFLP to estimate the impact of these two polymorphic variants on HCC.

Results

No relationship between MCP‐1 −2518G/A gene polymorphism and HCC risk was found among our recruited HCC patients and healthy controls. However, there was a significantly increased risk (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.11–3.29) of having HCC among subjects with GA heterozygotes of CCR2 V64I after adjusting for other confoundings. There was no synergistic effect between gene polymorphism and environmental risk factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumptions, as well as clinicopathological parameters of HCC for MCP‐1 −2518G/A and CCR2 V64I genes, respectively.

Conclusions

CCR2‐64I gene polymorphism is an important factor for the susceptibility of HCC but it might not influence the clinical pathological progression of HCC, and the contribution of CCR2‐64I gene polymorphism on the susceptibility of HCC could be not through the affection of liver injury‐related clinical pathological characteristics. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:264–270. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
State vs. market in search of good governance: The case of Sri Lanka telecommunications industry reforms
Authors: Balasooriya Asoka , Alam Quamrul , Coghill Ken
Published: August 2010

This research investigates the relationship between the state and the market under independent regulation that accompanied telecommunications‐sector reforms in Sri Lanka. It assesses whether the telecommunications regulator has been functioning in line with market principles.

Building on the findings of an exploratory study undertaken for a doctoral degree in 2006–07, the study finds that the regulator has been performing under a plethora of constraints: institutionally, politically, legally, and socially. Institutionally, the regulator is affected by its own internal problems, a lack of capability and capacity, and a complexity created by the other agencies. Politicians have become exceptionally powerful, affecting every function of the regulator. Legal provisions have proven inadequate. Socially, regulatory functions are affected, causing delays. It is important to highlight the fact that these are interconnected; one creates or influences another. The findings suggest that the environment in which the regulator operates affects the credibility and effectiveness of a regulatory framework. The authors, with their extensive expertise, argue that such blockages could be overcome through various measures proposed in the conclusion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome due to Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma of the Median Nerve
Authors: Louaste Jamal , Zejjari Hassan , Chkoura Mohamed , Houmadi Aziz , Rachid Khalid
Published: August 2010

Nervous lipofibromatous hamartoma is a rare tumor-like condition involving the peripheral nerves, whereby the epineurium and perineurium are enlarged and distorted by excess of fatty and fibrous tissues that infiltrate between and around nerve boundaries. The median nerve is much more likely to develop a hamartoma than other nerves with a predilection for the carpal tunnel. We present a case of carpal tunnel syndrome in an adult caused by fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve, successfully removed by excision of the fibrolipomatous tissue and decompression.
Assessment of Influence of Magnetic Forces on Aggregation of Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Rosická Dana , Šembera Jan
Published: August 2010

Aggregation of zero-valent nanoparticles in groundwater is influenced by several physical phenomena. The article shortly introduces preceding works in modeling of aggregation of small particles including influence of sedimentation, velocity profile of water, heat fluctuations, and surface electric charge. A brief description of inclusion of magnetic forces into the model of aggregation follows. Rate of influence of the magnetic forces on the aggregation depends on the magnitude of magnetization of the particles, radius of nanoparticles, size of the aggregates, and their concentration in the solution. Presented results show that the magnetic forces have significant influence on aggregation especially of the smallest iron particles.
“Speech is Civilization Itself”: A Comparison Drawn between the Chinese and Indian Cultural Tradition
Authors: Baosheng HUANG
Published: August 2010

The great civilizations are created both in ancient China and India, but they differ considerably in the forms in which the culture achieves expression. This article puts in order the different forms from the aspects of language, linguistics, the philosophy of linguistics, the relation between language and literature, etc., which keep alive the cultural traditions of the two countries. The article explores the underlying causes and explains how the Indian Buddhism makes the direct connection with the ancient Chinese culture, and plays the complementary and supplementary role in the development of the ancient Chinese linguistics and literature.
Research on the Translator of Xinxi Xiantan as the First Translated Fiction in China
Authors: Guoyi WU
Published: August 2010

Who is the translator of Xinxi xiantan, the first translated fiction in modern China? This has been a mystery for over one hundred years. Although some progress has been made since 1990s, there is still no compelling evidence or pronounced conclusion on this topic. Based on the research of the scholars at the time, this paper aims to make use of such initial data as newspapers, journals, collections of poems, diaries, draft reports to the throne, the unpublished manuscripts and files of the imperial examination at that time to discover the one-hundred-year mystery and provide a full certification, so that the problem can be solved in the true sense. In addition, this paper also tries to show the basic features of the translator’s life with detailed information
Ethoxylation of Fatty Acids Fractions of Overused Vegetable Oils
Authors: El‐Shattory Youssef Aly , Abo El‐Wafa Ghada A. , Aly Saadia M.
Published: August 2010

Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids fractions were separated from overused sunflower and olein oils, which are considered to be a waste, in order to use them in the preparation of valuable ethoxylated fatty derivatives with low cost of preparation. Fatty acid fractions were ethoxylated using ethylene oxide gas in the presence of 1% K2CO3 catalyst at 120 and 180 °C for 5, 6 and 7 h. Also fresh stearic acid and a fresh mixture of stearic acid:sunflower oil (1:1 wt/wt) were ethoxylated at 180 °C for 6 h for comparison. Results showed that effective fatty derivatives could be obtained from overused oils which may give an economic retrieval. Also, reaction conditions have different effects on the properties of the produced derivatives where the best results were obtained for samples prepared at 180 °C for 6 and 7 h. Ethoxylating the saturated fatty acids fraction of both overused oils especially olein oil gave better results than those of the unsaturated fraction, the ethoxylated fresh stearic acid and the ethoxylated fresh mixture of stearic acid:sunflower oil (1:1 wt/wt).
Screening for Potential Antimicrobial Activities of Some Cationic Uracil Biocides Against Wide‐Spreading Bacterial Strains
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , Aiad Ismail A. , Tawfik Salah M.
Published: August 2010

Eight novel uracil‐based cationic surfactants containing Schiff base species were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The surface activities of the synthesized Schiff bases and their cationic derivatives were determined based on interfacial tension measurements and partition coefficient values in water/octanol system. The synthesized Schiff bases and their cationic derivatives were evaluated as novel biocides against different bacteria and fungi strains. The results showed that the biocidal activity of the synthesized Schiff bases was considerably increased by quaternization. The influence of the cationic surfactants as biocides was increased by increasing the hydrophobic chain length and the presence of the methoxy groups. The biocidal activity was also increased by increasing the partition coefficient in water/octanol system. The structure and surface activity/biocidal activity of the different compounds were discussed.
Resolution of a Five‐Component Mixture of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants on Silica Gel 60 F254 High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Plates
Authors: Bhawani Showkat A. , Sulaiman Othman , Khan Ziya A. , Hashim Rokiah , Ibrahim Mohamad N. M.
Published: August 2010

The mutual separation of a mixture of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), methyl trioctyl ammonium bromide (MTOB), dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC), benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (BTAC) and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), was achieved on silica high performance thin layer chromatographic plates using dimethyl sulfoxide with aqueous sodium‐l‐tartrate dibasic dihydrate as the solvent system. The effect of concentration of sodium‐l‐tartrate dibasic dihydrate on the mobility of all the five quaternaries was examined. The limit of detection of CTAC, MTOB, DTAC, BTAC and TBAB was estimated as 0.6, 0.6, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.3 μg/zone, respectively. The method developed was utilized to identify these surfactants in different spiked water samples after their preliminary separation.
A High Legume Low Glycemic Index Diet Improves Serum Lipid Profiles in Men
Authors: Zhang Zhiying , Lanza Elaine , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Colburn Nancy H. , Bagshaw Deborah , Rovine Michael J. , Ulbrecht Jan S. , Bobe Gerd , Chapkin Robert S. , Hartman Terryl J.
Published: August 2010

Clinical studies have shown that fiber consumption facilitates weight loss and improves lipid profiles; however, the beneficial effects of high fermentable fiber low glycemic index (GI) diets under conditions of weight maintenance are unclear. In the Legume Inflammation Feeding Experiment, a randomized controlled cross‐over feeding study, 64 middle‐aged men who had undergone colonoscopies within the previous 2 years received both a healthy American (HA) diet (no legume consumption, fiber consumption = 9 g/1,000 kcal, and GI = 69) and a legume enriched (1.5 servings/1,000 kcal), high fiber (21 g/1,000 kcal), low GI (GI = 38) diet (LG) in random order. Diets were isocaloric and controlled for macronutrients including saturated fat; they were consumed each for 4 weeks with a 2–4 week break separating dietary treatments. Compared to the HA diet, the LG diet led to greater declines in both fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Insulin‐resistant (IR) subjects had greater reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C; P < 0.01), and triglycerides (TAG)/HDL‐C (P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. Insulin‐sensitive (IS) subjects had greater reductions in TC (P < 0.001), LDL‐C (P < 0.01), TC/HDL‐C (P < 0.01), and LDL‐C/HDL‐C (P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. In conclusion, a high legume, high fiber, low GI diet improves serum lipid profiles in men, compared to a healthy American diet. However, IR individuals do not achieve the full benefits of the same diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) lipid risk factors.
Early Re-Resection for T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder—A Study of Current Practice in the South West of England
Authors: Aning Jonathan J. , Hotston Matthew , Pisipatti Saila , Davenport Kim , Goh Matthew , Walton Melanie , Waine Elizabeth , Cox Robert , McGrath John S.
Published: August 2010

Objective:

To evaluate resection and re-resection practice in the South West region of England in patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer.

Patients and methods:

All patients diagnosed with T1 disease between 2005 and 2008 were identified. Patients with incomplete primary resections were excluded.

Results:

Of 344 patients identified, the primary resection specimen did not contain deep muscle in 110 (32%). In total, 76 patients (22%) underwent a planned re-resection within 8 weeks of their primary resection. In 225 patients, a routine check cystoscopy was performed at an interval of 3 months or greater. The remainder had no further cystoscopy. Residual disease was present in 38 (50%) patients undergoing early re-resection and 89 (40%) patients in the routine check cystoscopy group. Upstaging of tumours from T1 to T2 was demonstrated in 7% and 5% of patients within these respective groups. Grade of operating surgeon was not a predictor of adequacy of resection or tumour persistence/recurrence.

Conclusions:

Primary transurethral resection remains an area for improvement in contemporary practice. Early re-resection should be performed in patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer unless precluded by co-morbidity to ensure complete resection, accurate staging and facilitate risk stratification. Selective approaches to re-resection risk delayed treatment of significant residual disease.
Effects of raised‐intensity phonation on inflammatory mediator gene expression in normal rabbit vocal fold
Authors: Swanson Erik R. , Ohno Tsunehisa , Abdollahian Dave , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Rousseau Bernard
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the hypothesis that a transient episode of raised‐intensity phonation causes a significant increase in vocal fold inflammatory messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in vivo.

STUDY DESIGN

Prospective animal study.

SETTING

Laboratory.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Ten New Zealand White breeder rabbits received 30 minutes of experimentally induced modal or raised‐intensity phonation, followed by a 30‐minute recovery period. A separate group of five rabbits served as sham controls. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Separate one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to investigate differences in gene expression across groups, with an appropriate alpha correction of 0.016 to control for type I error. Significant main effects were further examined using Fisher's least significant difference.

RESULTS

ANOVA revealed that there were differences for IL‐1β, TGFβ1, and COX‐2 between sham control, modal phonation, and raised‐intensity phonation (P < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the expression of IL‐1β, COX‐2, and TGFβ1 increased significantly during raised‐intensity phonation, compared to modal phonation and sham control (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Results provided support for the hypothesis that a transient episode of raised‐intensity phonation causes a significant increase in vocal fold inflammatory mRNA expression. Future studies will investigate the signal transduction pathways and mechanisms regulating the vocal fold inflammatory response. The long‐term goal of these studies is to advance understanding of the molecular and cellular events underlying phonation‐related tissue alterations.
Was FLK North levels 1–2 a classic “living floor” of Oldowan hominins or a taphonomically complex palimpsest dominated by large carnivore feeding behavior?
Authors: Bunn H.T. , Mabulla A.Z.P. , Domínguez-Rodrigo M. , Ashley G.M. , Barba R. , Diez-Martín F. , Remer K. , Yravedra J. , Baquedano E.
Published: August 2010

From excavation at FLK North levels 1–2 in 1960–1962, Mary Leakey reported approximately 1200 Oldowan artifacts and 3300 large mammal fossils as a hominin “living floor”. Preliminary taphonomic analysis by Bunn seemed supportive, based on the presence of some cut-marked bones, the concentration of several dozen bovid individuals, and the relative abundance of limbs and mandibles over other axial elements. Recent taphonomic analysis of Leakey's entire fossil assemblage by Domínguez-Rodrigo and Barba, however, documents a minor hominin role at the site, contrasted to the dominant role of carnivores. Felids brought prey animals; hyenas scavenged from abandoned felid meals. At different times, hominins butchered several bovids and discarded artifacts at this dynamic location. Since 2006, renewed excavations at FLK North and other sites by the Olduvai Paleoanthropology and Paleoecology Project (TOPPP) have expanded artifact and fossil samples and implemented new analytical approaches to clarify taphonomic histories of the Olduvai paleolandscape. At FLK North, > 1000 new large mammal fossils from levels 1 to 2 show minimal butchery evidence amid abundant evidence of carnivore gnawing/fracture, rodent gnawing, and sediment abrasion. To help guide future excavation and analyses, we have developed several alternative working hypotheses of site formation.
Late Quaternary glacial chronology on Nevado Illimani, Bolivia, and the implications for paleoclimatic reconstructions across the Andes
Authors: Smith Colby A. , Lowell Thomas V. , Owen Lewis A. , Caffee Marc W.
Published: August 2010

10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure ages from moraines on Nevado Illimani, Cordillera Real, Bolivia suggest that glaciers retreated from moraines during the periods 15.5–13.0 ka, 10.0–8.5 ka, and 3.5–2.0 ka. Late glacial moraines at Illimani are associated with an ELA depression of 400–600 m, which is consistent with other local reconstructions of late glacial ELAs in the Eastern Cordillera of the central Andes. A comparison of late glacial ELAs between the Eastern Cordillera and Western Cordillera indicates a marked change toward flattening of the east-to-west regional ELA gradient. This flattening is consistent with increased precipitation from the Pacific during the late glacial period.
Shakespeare Papers
Authors: Maginn William
Published: August 2010

The writings in this collection first appeared in Bentley's Miscellany, the well-known nineteenth-century journal whose first editor was Charles Dickens. Their author, William Maginn, was widely acknowledged as one of the most eccentric and brilliant periodical writers of his time. This volume, consisting of two parts, was put together by his friends and well-wishers after his death in 1842. The first part, The Shakespeare Papers, features eight essays that display Maginn's brilliantly tangential and often counter-intuitive approach to Shakespearean characters and includes his views on Falstaff, Jacques, Romeo, Bottom, Lady Macbeth, Timon of Athens, Polonius and Iago. The second part, Pictures Grave and Gay, consists of four short stories peopled with eccentric characters and brimming with Maginn's odd wit. The spectrum of writing contained in this volume gives the reader a rich harvest of literary nuggets that is both historical and timeless.
The Relations between Religion and Science
Authors: Temple Frederick
Published: August 2010

In 1884 the long-running annual series of Bampton Lectures at the University of Oxford was given by Frederick Temple, at that time Bishop of Exeter. He had earlier been a prominent educational reformer, headmaster at Rugby School and chaplain to Queen Victoria, and he later rose to become Archbishop of Canterbury. This book contains his Bampton Lectures on The Relations between Religion and Science - perhaps the most passionately debated topic of that time. He discusses the apparent conflict between scientific and religious beliefs on various topics including free will, knowledge, evolution, and supernatural power, but concludes that science and religion are not foes, but counterparts, and that neither is complete without the other. His contribution in this area is of lasting importance in the history and philosophy of science.
Grace Book A
Authors: Leathes Stanley Mordaunt
Published: August 2010

'Grace books' were the volumes in which scribes recorded decisions of the administration of the University of Cambridge during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Many of the 'graces' concern the conferral of degrees on individuals, but others refer to more general University business including appointment of teachers and preachers, leaves of absence, inventories and financial records, and the resolution of disputes. Grace Book A covers the period from 1454 to 1488. The Introduction by Stanley M. Leathes explains the medieval terminology and the administrative systems underlying it, and a thorough index is also provided. The Latin documents transcribed and printed in this 1897 publication are a valuable source for those researching fifteenth-century British history and institutions, and this reissue will make them readily available to scholars today.
University Oars
Authors: Morgan John Edward
Published: August 2010

University Oars is a compilation of letters of response to the author from the participants of the Oxford and Cambridge boat races. John Edward Morgan, himself a former university oarsman and physician to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, spent four years sending inquiries and compiling responses in his effort to shed some light on an important perceived physiological problem which he sought to investigate for the welfare of the rising generation. Published in 1873, his responses numbered 251 out of 255 letters sent to university oarsmen, detailing the athletes' current physical and mental condition. Morgan's findings dispel the widely held notion of the time that the famous test of strength and endurance had adverse latent physiological and psychological effects on its stalwart participants.
Chemistry, Meteorology and the Function of Digestion Considered with Reference to Natural Theology
Authors: Prout William
Published: August 2010

This book was the last of eight treatises from the 1830s that were commissioned by the Royal Society with advice from leading churchmen under the terms of a legacy from the Earl of Bridgewater. They aimed to support the idea that the natural world was made by a divine designer. William Prout, a respected physician and biochemist who specialised in nutrition and urology, argues in the introduction to this book that the biological adaptation seen in nature is divinely planned as a means to an end. His text covers chemistry, geology, the ocean, the planets, and processes of the human body. Remembered today for his discovery of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices of animals, here Prout is on the front line in the early battles between scientific method and religious belief, a debate which continues to this day.
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science
Authors: Draper John William
Published: August 2010

This fascinating text, first published in 1875, is a key early example of the conflict thesis. This theory expounds the premise of an intrinsic conflict between science and religion, and is archetypal of one aspect of this late-Victorian debate. Draper asserts that science has reached a point where its threat to traditional teachings can no longer be ignored, and he offers this history as a means to understanding both the interaction between religion and science and their perpetual opposition. He covers examples of this relationship, from Christianity's origins to the then contemporary crisis of church division and the Prussian–Austrian war, and also examines in turn what both Christianity and science have done for modern civilisation. Discussions of the central points of crossover and change in the history of science and Christianity lead to the conclusion that for religion to survive it must accept fact and reason.
Life in Nature
Authors: Hinton James
Published: August 2010

Life in Nature, first published in 1862, is a series of papers by the nineteenth-century English surgeon and popular science writer James Hinton. About a third of the material, though revised and reworked for this book, had appeared previously under the title 'Physiological Riddles' in the Cornhill Magazine, in which Hinton explained biological phenomena for non-scientific readers. Hinton wrote this thirteen-chapter book to present a concise overview of the human body, informed by the latest scientific insights, that would be more easily intelligible for the general population than the scientific physiological data of his day. His intention was also to demonstrate the similarity between patterns occurring in the organic world and in the rest of nature. This book will be of value to historians of Victorian culture and science as an example of how authors and publishers responded to the growing middle-class interest in scientific discoveries.
The Music of the Nineteenth Century and its Culture
Authors: Marx Adolf bernhard
Published: August 2010

A. B. Marx (1795–1866) was a scholar, teacher and critic of music, for many years Professor of Music at the University of Berlin, and a close friend – before a falling-out over the libretto of an oratorio – of Mendelssohn. This influential book, published in German in 1855 and translated into English in the same year, consists of two parts: a survey of the significance of music to western culture, and an impassioned and thought-provoking guide to the necessary moral qualities, skills and understanding required to teach – and to be taught – music. Marx's appreciation of such composers as Mozart, Beethoven, Berlioz and Wagner is placed in a context in which music is seen as a crucial moral influence on the future development of mankind, and musicians therefore as playing a vital role in that development.
Man and his Dwelling Place
Authors: Hinton James
Published: August 2010

History remembers James Hinton as a successful surgeon and author of books and articles on physiology and ethics. A gifted thinker and communicator, Hinton was well placed to address the relationship between science and religion in an age when the two were pitted against each other. First published in 1859, the same year as the Origin of Species, Man and His Dwelling Place takes an ambitiously broad view of the human condition, addressing difficult topics from science, religion, philosophy and ethics. Hinton's arguments against outdated ways of thinking and his approach to human nature were revolutionary, and he took pains to address readers' doubts in a series of question-and-answer dialogues at the end of the book. Hinton's impassioned plea for a bolder spirit of enquiry to better interpret human existence assures this book an important place in the history of science and the understanding of Darwin's intellectual context.
Darwinism
Authors: Wallace Alfred Russel
Published: August 2010

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) is regarded as the co-discoverer with Darwin of the theory of evolution. It was an essay which Wallace sent in 1858 to Darwin (whom he greatly admired and to whom he dedicated his most famous book, The Malay Archipelago) which impelled Darwin to publish an article on his own long-pondered theory simultaneously with that of Wallace. As a travelling naturalist and collector in the Far East and South America, Wallace already inclined towards the Lamarckian theory of transmutation of species, and his own researches convinced him of the reality of evolution. On the publication of On the Origin of Species, Wallace became one of its most prominent advocates, and Darwinism, published in 1889, supports the theory and counters many of the arguments put forward by scientists and others who opposed it.
Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews
Authors: Huxley Thomas Henry
Published: August 2010

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–95) became known as 'Darwin's bulldog' because of his forceful and energetic support for Darwin's theory, especially at the notorious British Association meeting in Oxford in 1860. In fact, Huxley had some reservations about aspects of the theory, especially the element of gradual, continuous progress, but in public he was unwavering in his allegiance, saying in a letter to Darwin 'As for your doctrines I am prepared to go to the Stake if requisite'. In his 1870 essay collection Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews, of which the title alone was designed to provoke controversy, he offers a variety of his writings, many of which were originally talks given to a range of audiences from learned societies to a working men's college, and including his own review of On the Origin of Species and a typically passionate response to two other reviews less favourable to Darwin.
The Art of Music
Authors: Parry C. Hubert H.
Published: August 2010

C. Hubert H. Parry (1848–1918), knighted in 1902 for his services to music, was a distinguished composer, conductor and musicologist. In the first of these roles he is best known for his settings of Blake's 'Jerusalem' and the coronation anthem 'I was glad'. He was an enthusiastic teacher and proselytiser of music, believing strongly in its ability to widen and deepen the experience of Man. In this book published in 1893 (and later revised as The Evolution of the Art of Music, also reissued in this series), Parry examines the universal impulse to create musical sounds, traces the origins of music in 'primitive' societies using the research of contemporary anthropologists, and surveys the rise of western music from the ancient Greeks to the Victorian age.
The History of the Royal Academy of Music
Authors: Cazalet William Wahab
Published: August 2010

The Royal Academy of Music in London was founded in 1822 by Lord Burghersh (later the 11th Earl of Westmorland), a soldier and keen amateur musician, to whom this book is dedicated. He was supported by the French harpist and composer Nicolas-Charles Bochsa, who had fled to London to avoid prosecution in France for fraud and forgery. In 1854, the Rev. William Wahab Cazalet (1808–75) wrote a history of the Royal Academy 'compiled from authentic sources' and beginning with an adulatory short biography of the Earl. Cazalet remarks in his preface that 'the history comprises only about eleven years of the life of the Institution; but it is this portion alone that has any interest, for when all the struggles and troubles attending its establishment are at an end, the records of a mere routine of business give no material for publication'.
Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries visited by H. M. S. Beagle
Authors: Darwin Charles
Published: August 2010

Even before Charles Darwin changed the world with his theory of natural selection, he was recognised as an eminent scientist and natural historian. Published in 1840, his Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle reveals him as a writer of formidable intelligence and a keen observer of natural and human life. Darwin's journal encompasses every observable detail of the animals, birds and plants he encountered on the five-year voyage. It includes minute descriptions and even sketches of the movements and habits of hitherto unfamiliar species. Accompanying the entries are his own conclusions, analyses and classificatory notes that demonstrate his skill and talent as a naturalist. Darwin's entries on natural phenomena are interspersed with anecdotes of the indigenous peoples he encountered, transforming his journal from an impersonal scientific record to a book of true human interest.
The Grey Friars in Cambridge
Authors: Moorman John Richard Humpidge
Published: August 2010

This is the story of the Franciscan friary in Cambridge, founded in 1225. It describes the new alliance between poverty and learning that was to give fresh vigour to the Order, deeply influencing the life of England as a whole. It provides biographical notes on many Cambridge Franciscans, including the Custodes, Wardens, Vice-Wardens and Lectors, and on the dispute of 1303–6 between the friars and the university. It ends with the dissolution of the Cambridge house in 1538, and the driving out of the friars. The book is an extended version of John R. H. Moorman's Birkbeck Lectures of 1948–9.
The Statesmen of America in 1846
Authors: Maury Sarah Mytton
Published: August 2010

In this book, first published in 1847, the English author Sarah Mytton Maury gives a personal and very positive account of her impressions of the United States upon arriving there in late 1845. Through marriage she gains access to many American statesmen of her day, and the book is dedicated to James Buchanan, later President of the United States. Maury portrays prominent senators, judges, officers, members of the clergy and Presidents John Adams and James K. Polk. Many of the descriptions are interspersed with extracts from speeches and letters by those portrayed. The book gives a great deal of attention to the early nineteenth-century dispute between Britain and the United States about territorial claims in the north-west, the so-called 'Oregon Question'. On this question as in other matters of contention or cultural differences between the two countries, Maury maintains a position of neutrality.