bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities in the twenty-first century: gaps in access to resources, technology and a sustainable future
Authors: Martynenko T. S.
Published: November 2024

The article considers new forms of social inequality, interest in which emerged mainly in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. Special attention is paid to the analysis of global, digital and environmental inequality. The reasons of sociological interest to these problems are considered, the most important of which are the technological progress, changes in the ways of assessing the level of social inequality, as well as the transformation of research optics and tools of cognition, including the emergence of artificial intelligence technologies.

The main characteristics of the new forms of social inequality, their interrelation, levels and measurement criteria are presented. The article describes several perspectives of studying global social inequality. In sociological literature, most of them are related to the transition from the study of the nation-state as a key unit of analysis to the study of global social space. The analysis of digital inequality and the problem of the social divide now appears as a combination of several levels of research and is related to the consideration of access to technology, possession of digital skills, and the life chances and opportunities. Environmental pollution and climate change have led to research interest in socio-environmental inequalities, which are related to the unequal distribution of environmental risks. Environmental neo-colonialism is examined in the context of analyzing environmental inequalities as a factor that rein forces social inequalities.

The article concludes that further sociological study of social inequality issues is necessary, analyzes the role of sociology in addressing these issues and actualizing the data.
Sociological research in the field of family and demography: responding to the challenges of our time
Authors: Antonov A. I. , Sinelnikov A. B. , Novoselova E. N.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the data of sociological research conducted by the Department of Sociology of Family and Demography of the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, whose employees adhere to the familistic paradigm. The data from these studies are used for social design and forecasting of family and demographic behavior of the bulk of the population, as well as to develop recommendations for improving family and demographic policy aimed at increasing the birth rate and overcoming the crisis of the family as a social institution. Analysis of these data showed that effective policies in the field of family and demography should be aimed not only at changing the attitude towards family life and the birth of children on the part of those people who are now in active reproductive age, but also at creating a positive attitude of adolescents and young people towards based on a strong legal marriage and a close connection between three generations of a family with three or more children. A social atmosphere that encourages the formation and maintenance of families of this type should be considered as a necessary condition for the prosperity of the country.
Ideas of Russian students about the essence, types and methods of propaganda: based on the results of empirical research
Authors: Dortseva E. V.
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the comparison and analysis of a number of results of sociological studies conducted at the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov in February 2024 and in April–May 2024. As part of a February 2024 pilot study conducted by standardized interview method, 42 under graduate (48%) and graduate (52%) students of the Faculty of Sociology were selected. The age of 36% of respondents was in the range of 17–18 years, 52% from 19 to 22 years, 12% — from 23 to 26 years. As part of a sociological study conducted at the Faculty of Sociology of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov in April–May 2024, a sociological study “Social communication in modern society: essence and features” a total of 401 students of the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. The study was conducted by questionnaire. 401 students of the sociological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, of which 73,32% of bachelors and 26,68% of masters, which corresponds to the structure of the student body of the sociological faculty. Among the surveyed students, 70,07% were female, and 29,93% were male, which generally corresponds to the overall gender composition of the faculty students. 65,75% of respondents (i.e. almost two thirds of respondents) were young people aged 19 to 22 years, 19,5% — from 23 to 26 years, 14,75% — from 14 to 18 years. As part of these studies, students were asked a number of questions, including those aimed at identifying their ideas about the essence of the phenomenon of propaganda, types of propaganda, perception of propaganda, destructive and constructive propaganda. Research results have shown that in the student environment as a whole, incorrect and vague ideas about the essence of the phenomenon of propaganda, its various types and methods, as well as the negative attitude of respondents to the phenomenon of propaganda itself prevail, which is clearly visible in a number of detailed definitions of this phenomenon given by them. A significant part of students primarily associates the concept of propaganda with the concepts of “imposition”, “manipulation”, primarily because of the prevailing neoliberal ideologies in social networks and instant messengers, popular among young people, that young people themselves are not particularly aware of. Nevertheless, they state the fact that there is an acute ideological struggle in the Russian Federation and an active neoliberal ideology in modern Russia.
Sociological education in Russia: content diversity and institutional limitations
Authors: Zyryanov V. V.
Published: November 2024

Sociological education in Russia continues to develop under the conditions of constant changes occurring both on its external contour and within the sociological educational community. Statistical data allow us to assert that the decline in SCC and the number of students has stopped in the last five years; moreover, there has been an increase in the contingent of sociology students. There has been a sharp decline in sociological education in non-state universities, the share of students studying on a part-time and contractual basis. The ratio of full-time and part-time education in Bachelor’s degree amounted to 86 and 14%, respectively, in Master’s degree 88 and 12%. Special attention is paid to the most acute problem related to the development of draft FSES HE 4 and the probable transition to it in the near future. In the most unfavorable forecasts, sociology education is seriously threatened by the loss of identity. In order to understand the most acute problems that prevent sociological education from being positioned as an integral, established educational process, the curricula of 49 universities that implement sociology training programs were studied. The sample included universities from the RAEX ratings — the subject rating for sociology and the top-100 best universities in Russia, as well as from the Interfax rating of the top-100 universities in Russia. Correlation of the profiles declared by universities with their subject content, as well as blocks of general sociological and special sociological disciplines with blocks of selected instrumental disciplines, practices, socio-humanities and general professional disciplines allowed us to identify a number of features and trends in the implementation of educational programs for training sociologists. As a result, two tendencies were revealed: one is the emergence of signs of the emerging unification of educational programs in sociology, which occurs in the implementation     of the profile “Sociology” in classical universities, and the other is the mass implementation of unbalanced educational programs that contain obvious bias towards a certain block of disciplines and do not provide a full-fledged implementation of the declared profile.
Public policy: at the forefront of training a new generation of political experts.
Authors: Kanevsky P. S.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of public policy as a scientific and academic category. Public policy is one of the fastest growing scientific and educational areas in the 21st century. This trend should not be considered solely as a tribute to fashion; with the right approach, public policy can become the cornerstone in the study of the political process and in training a new generation of experts in the field of political management and decision-making. Moscow University is one of the leaders in the development of this area, introducing public policy at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The article examines the history of public policy, shows the main theoretical and methodological prerequisites for its study, and the reasons for its institutionalization in different countries of the world. It is shown that public policy is a multifaceted category, the understanding of which varies depending on theoretical, managerial and ideological perspectives. At the same time, it is the most important educational and research area, which is associated with the fundamental principles of the functioning of the state, issues of increasing the efficiency of public administration, and harmonizing the interests of the state and society. The author proves the point of view that universities involved in organizing the training of public policy experts are today at the forefront of the processes of modernization and increasing the efficiency of the entire political and administrative apparatus. Public policy experts trained by Russian universities in general and Moscow University in particular are future multidisciplinary professionals capable of managing complex socio-political processes, increasing the efficiency of the state apparatus, and building a competent balance between state and public interests.
MSU — my love!
Authors: Osipova N. G.
Published: November 2024

The article is a generalized analysis of students’ opinions about Moscow University, which they expressed within the study “Moscow State University through the Eyes of Students at the Faculty of Sociology” conducted at the Faculty of Sociology. This study was dedicated to the 270th anniversary of Moscow University. The purpose of the study was to create a holistic view of students’ attitudes to Moscow University, its mission in the development of Russia and Russian science, as well as their own life trajectories, based on the analysis of students’ opinions on the criteria for choosing a university, on various aspects of the educational process and employment prospects. The responses analyzed in the article are a vivid demonstration of the fact that Moscow University has played and continues to play a special role in the lives of students. It is the students who are the main characters of this article. Young people expressed their opinions on why they chose Moscow State University, what factors influenced their choice, how their education is conducted, and how their alma mater influences their life strategies. Instead of a conclusion, the article includes two extraordinary essays that describe the students’ path to admission, their   impressions of their studies, as well as their expectations, aspirations, and hopes.
Spatial organization of post-industrial society
Authors: Vershinina I. A.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the features of the current stage of urbanization, in particular, the increasing complexity of spatial organization associated with cities overcoming their administrative boundaries, which led to the emergence of agglomerations and urban regions. New urban forms are considered as a result of the formation of a post-industrial society, where the labor market demonstrates greater flexibility than in the industrial one. In addition, the modern transport system makes it possible to easily cover significant distances in a short time and thereby changes the idea of space. Digital technologies have made it possible to transfer a number of interactions (both personal and business) to a remote format, which also contributed to the expansion of urban entities and complicated their management. The author also points out the ambiguous nature of the social consequences of digitalization and algorithmization of urban space. It is noted that smart city technologies, which are positioned as an effective opportunity to counteract uncertainty and manage it, create new vulnerabilities and threats. Special attention is paid to new challenges that modern cities face due to climate change. Thus, the author demonstrates a wide range of social problems relevant to modern urban entities that are becoming in creasingly complex. The article emphasizes that today urban studies is an interdisciplinary field for which sociology is of great importance, allowing us to get an answer to the question of how to improve the quality of life of the population of all spatial forms existing today.
National unity: A systematic review from the perspective of policy effectiveness experience
Authors: Kang Hongpeng , Fee Lee Yok , Samsu Ku Hasnita Ku , Ismail Mohd. Mahadee
Published: November 2024

National unity is a matter of great concern for many countries around the world today. The study of policy evaluation is an important aspect of the study of national unity. The evaluation of policy implementation effects can help policymakers analyze whether there are problems in the formulation and implementation of the policy, thereby promoting further policy adjustments to better achieve national unity. This article adopts thematic searches and a systematic literature review as research methods. Through the systematic review, it summarizes and analyzes the research on national unity policies across different regions and countries. The article has two objectives: First, to explore the current perspectives in the research on national unity policies, and second, to analyze the state of research regarding the effectiveness of national unity policies. Among the 35 papers analyzed, 7 were on integration policy, 6 were on education policy and 4 were on language policy. To a certain extent, this reflects the perspectives of some countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, including France, Greece, Russia, Turkey, China, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and other countries on the governance of national unity. Research on policy effectiveness is mainly conducted from the perspectives of policy content and policy implementation. However, there is little analysis of successful cases that achieved the desired goals. The main contributions of this article are as follows: first, it summarizes and identifies the characteristics of national solidarity-related policies in different continents and countries. Secondly, the experience of the success and failure of the national unity policy is studied and summarized. In addition, this article also found that there are still gaps in the research on successful experiences and causes.
Theories of climate attribution in climate change litigation: Resolving the loss and damage causation dilemma
Authors: Zeng Wanping
Published: November 2024

The causation conundrum in climate change litigation has long plagued the legal and scientific communities. This article explores the role of climate attribution theory in solving the loss and damage causation puzzle in climate change litigation. First, it describes the limitations of traditional causation theories in climate change litigation and analyzes the performance of emerging theories, such as the “substantial contribution” theory and the “market share” theory, in addressing this issue. The paper then evaluates the application of climate attribution theory in actual litigation through specific case studies and puts forward a series of policy recommendations. These include strengthening funding and support for climate attribution research, establishing a platform for interdisciplinary cooperation, developing a unified standard of proof, promoting public and judicial education, and promoting the improvement of the international legal framework. Finally, the paper points out the main problems and limitations in the application of climate attribution theory and proposes key directions for future research. The paper posits that by fostering continuous scientific research and enhancing the legal framework, climate attribution theory will assume a more prominent role in climate change litigation and facilitate the process of global climate governance.
Peran welas diri terhadap pengungkapan kesulitan pada individu dewasa awal dari keluarga yang bercerai
Authors: Nathalie Giftania Grace , Dicky Sugianto
Published: November 2024

Orang dewasa awal dari keluarga yang bercerai dapat mengalami berbagai kesulitan, termasuk kesulitan interpersonal. Kesulitan interpersonal ini dapat termanifestasikan pada rendahnya pengungkapan kesulitan atau informasi pribadi yang menyakitkan (distress disclosure). Penelitian ini mengaji peran welas diri terhadap pengungkapan kesulitan pada orang dewasa awal dari keluarga yang bercerai. Data survei terhadap 128 orang dewasa awal yang orang tuanya bercerai sebelum mereka berusia 16 tahun dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, welas diri tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pengungkapan kesulitan pada orang dewasa awal dari keluarga yang bercerai. Analisis tambahan menunjukkan korelasi positif antara komponen identifikasi berlebihan welas diri dengan pengungkapan kesulitan. Selain itu, usia perceraian orang tua berkorelasi secara positif dengan welas diri secara keseluruhan dan komponen wawas welas diri. Usia perceraian orang tua juga berkorelasi negatif dengan komponen menghakimi diri welas diri. Faktor perbedaan budaya mungkin dapat menjelaskan penemuan ini di mana dalam budaya individualistis, individu cenderung mencari orang lain untuk mengungkapkan kesulitan yang dihadapi sementara individu dalam budaya kolektivis cenderung memendam pengalaman tersebut.
Environmental Education as Risk Prevention in the Tourist Area Pie de la Cuesta, Acapulco, Mexico
Authors: Nájera Carmen Exchel Cliché , Soulé Karla Rosalba Anzaldúa , Almazán Mirella Saldaña , Velázquez Abraham Garay , Acevedo José Luis Rosas
Published: November 2024

Objective: Design Environmental Education Strategies for the Prevention and Mitigation of Risk by Natural Disasters aimed at tourist service providers in the Playa de la Cuesta, Acapulco area, to respond to the presence of the natural phenomena to which they are vulnerable.
 
Theoretical Framework: An analysis on environmental education is presented as a social tool that allows individuals to achieve reflective and critical knowledge about the environment to understand the risk of environmental problems.
 
Method: The methodology includes a systematic review of literature. Data collection is qualitative, using the interview and for the analysis the ATLAS software. you.
 
Results and discussion: Strengthen capacities on knowledge and development of risk prevention actions for natural disasters. Likewise, the participants expressed interest in participating in the construction of knowledge for the adoption of safer and sustainable practices, allowing them to deal with environmental challenges.
 
Implications of research: Before the constant impact of natural phenomena standing on the slope and the absence of strategies to face them, it is necessary to become environmentally aware.
 
Originality/Value: The relevance and value of this research is evident in the need to generate new projects which contributes to the prevention and mitigation of risks due to natural phenomena in the Acapulco tourist destination. The study suggests that the foot of the slope be the crosy of a paradigm shift by introducing environmental education in Acapulco.
Evolution of the fair value concept in accounting and its impact on the theory and practice of financial reporting
Authors: ABRAMOV Vladimir A.
Published: November 2024

Subject. This article examines the evolution of the concept of Fair Value in accounting and its impact on the theory and practice of financial reporting.
Objectives. The article aims to study the historical development of the concept of Fair Value in international and national accounting practices, and assess the impact of its application on the reliability and relevance of financial statements.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative analysis.
Results. The article finds that the transition from historical value to fair value is due to the need to provide more relevant, objective and significant information to users of financial statements. The evolution of this concept has led to changes in approaches to the valuation of assets and liabilities, improved transparency and comparability of reporting. The article reveals the problems of applying fair value associated with the subjectivity of assessments, the complexity of their application and the need to improve the skills of specialists.
Conclusions. The article concludes that the essential role of fair value in modern accounting is recognized, and there is the need for its correct application. Improving the methodological and regulatory framework, harmonizing national standards with international standards will help improve the quality of financial reporting, meet the information needs of stakeholders, as well as improve the comparability of data at the international level.
Specialized non-financial reporting on the housing and utilities organizations' activities: Analysis and problems
Authors: KOZMENKOVA Svetlana V. , ALBOROV Rolan A.
Published: November 2024

Subject. This article discusses the quality of services provided by house management companies to individuals and legal entities, as well as the information provided to the recipients of these services.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the problem areas of the activities of house management companies and specialized industry reporting provided to users in the public domain, and to find ways to improve it.
Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, systematization, and generalization.
Results. The article identifies the problem areas of the activities of house management companies that provide services for the management of apartment buildings, as well as defines and formulates the purpose of their activities. The article also proposes a number of measures to improve the activities of these companies and their specialized non-financial reporting provided in the public domain to users of services.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, the article concludes that the proposed changes in the sectoral specialized reporting will help improve the work of house management companies and improve the quality of services provided. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of accounting and reporting of companies for the management of apartment buildings.
Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks for Flexor Tenosynovitis
Authors: Bowling John , Zoumberakis Erick
Published: November 2024

Performing an ultrasound-guided nerve block (UGNB) is now common practice in many emergency departments (EDs) and is considered a core skill according to the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Nerve blocks are mostly utilized for fractures and laceration repairs, however, these blocks have many other applications. We present a case of utilizing an ulnar UGNB in a patient with flexor tenosynovitis and a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) when parental opiates proved to be ineffective.
Piloting a Diagnostic Foot and Ankle Fracture Sonographic Algorithm with Rural and Adolescent Patients
Authors: Alamin Tomas , Lin-Martore Margaret , Kornblith Aaron , O'Donnell Aidan , Graglia Sally
Published: November 2024

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are a common presenting complaint to the Emergency Department (ED) and are often assessed with plain radiography. Rural environments may not have access to radiography mandating the referral or transfer patients to regional centers for definitive diagnosis. The Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules (OFAR) is a clinical decision rule that can assist in ruling out fractures. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) can augment this decision rule. The objective of this study was to assess both the feasibility and test characteristics of a previously described POCUS augmented clinical assessment, OFAR-POCUS, for adolescent and adult patients with foot and ankle pain in a rural environment. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study from June to August 2022 including patients with chief complaint of foot or ankle injury presenting to a rural clinic. Patients were included if they had positive finding(s) on the OFAR Test and required radiographic imaging. Patients were excluded if they did not consent, speak English, were unable to be scanned, had obvious joint deformities, had altered mental status, were not physiologically stable, had other injuries preventing sonography, were pregnant, or had previous injury with internal fixation, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis. POCUS was performed before transport for radiography. POCUS examiners were POCUS novices who underwent a one and a half to two-hour, standardized foot and ankle POCUS training session. All POCUS studies were reviewed by two emergency medicine ultrasound fellowship trained faculty for quality assurance. Standard test characteristics were calculated for bedside clinician and expert POCUS interpretations compared to the radiographic control. Results: Thirteen POCUS examiners performed exams on 20 patients included in analysis; four patients had fractures on radiograph (20%). The bedside clinician POCUS interpretation had sensitivity (SN) = 100% (95% Cl, 40%-100%), specificity (SP) =94% (95% Cl, 70%-100%), and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) = 16.00 (95% Cl, 2.40-106.73). Expert POCUS interpretation had SN=75% (95% Cl, 19%-99%), SP=75% (95% Cl, 48%-93%), and -LR=0.33 (95% Cl, 0.06-1.86). Conclusion: A POCUS enhanced clinical strategy for clinically significant foot and ankle fractures in adolescent and adult patients in a rural setting is feasible. Larger studies are required to further characterize test characteristics and use of foot and ankle POCUS where plain radiography is unavailable.
Knowledge and Confidence Among Five Cohorts of Faculty Learners in a Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Program: Factors Defining Learner Success
Authors: Janjigian Michael , Dembitzer Anne , Holmes Isaac , Srisarajivakul-Klein Caroline , Hardowar Khemraj , Sauthoff Harald
Published: November 2024

Background: The availability of faculty proficient in point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a barrier to the ongoing expansion of POCUS across the field of internal medicine. We sought to examine the faculty graduates of our institutional POCUS program to identify characteristics associated with long-term proficiency to inform curricula and guide institutional support. Methods: We emailed a test and survey to the 89 faculty graduates of the annual POCUS course we have run from 2018-2023. Results: Of the 46 participants (52%) who completed the test and survey, the overall median test score was 72%. Graduates were most confident with image acquisition of the lung, and were most likely to use ultrasound to evaluate ascites and dyspnea. All 11 participants reporting completion of an image portfolio were actively teaching POCUS, whereas only 54% of non-completers were teaching. Portfolio completers scored higher on the test compared to non-completers (median 92% and 68%, respectively, p <0.01) and were more confident in image acquisition and interpretation (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this long-term, single-institutional study of faculty graduates of an annual POCUS program, those who reported completing an image portfolio scored significantly higher on a knowledge test, reported higher confidence with image acquisition and interpretation, and reported using and teaching POCUS more frequently compared to graduates who did not complete the portfolio. POCUS education programs should be designed to foster continuous scanning practice and image portfolio completion.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Morel-Lavallee Lesion via Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Authors: Mack Djoser , Miller Joselyn , Yuan Frank , Lee Edison , She Trent
Published: November 2024

Morel-Lavallee Lesion (MLL) is a rare diagnosis of a closed internal degloving injury that can occur with high energy trauma. The pain, soft tissue swelling, and ecchymosis that patients describe mimic many other emergent diagnoses to include compartment syndrome and fractures. The following case highlights the importance of the role of Emergency Medicine physicians using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to recognize and treat a potentially life-threatening injury. Our patient was initially managed with a bedside needle aspiration with drainage of 25cc of serosanguinous fluid that resulted in immediate pain relief. Patient was then admitted for further Interventional Radiology drainage of 160cc of serosanguinous fluid by Interventional Radiology.
Dengue Cardiomyopathy Treatment Strategy Optimisation by Integrating Point-of-Care Ultrasound with VExUS
Authors: Chin Wei Ven , Khaw Mae Jane
Published: November 2024

Dengue fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is widespread throughout the world. Herein, we report a case of dengue cardiomyopathy that was detected and treated to best effect using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and the VExUS score. A 75-year-old lady with no known comorbidities presented with a 10-day history of fever, vomiting, loose stool, and poor appetite. Upon arrival, she was febrile and hypotensive. Bedside POCUS showed poor left ventricular systolic function, inferior vena cava measuring 2.27cm and VExUS grading of 2 to 3. Dengue serology IgM and IgG were positive and NT-proBNP raised at 12500pg/ml. Instead of fluid resuscitation, diuretic and inotropes were initiated along the line of cardiogenic shock secondary to dengue cardiomyopathy. Serial normal cardiac enzymes and electrocardiogram excluded acute coronary syndrome. She was discharged well, and repeated echocardiography one-month post discharge showed normal left ventricular systolic function with no clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure.
Lung Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy and Respiratory Therapy Practices: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Ntoumenopoulos George , Pizimolas Georgina , Mani Sarine , Hayward Simon , Lockstone Jane
Published: November 2024

Lung Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) strongly influences physiotherapy and respiratory therapy clinical decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU). The uptake of Lung POCUS training by physiotherapists and respiratory therapists is low in some countries, often due to many barriers to its implementation. The safe and appropriate integration of Lung POCUS into physiotherapy and respiratory therapy clinical practice may be achieved by various means. This article describes the pathway for physiotherapists to become Lung POCUS-accredited in Australia, focusing on a novel fast-track approach that may apply internationally and in other professions, such as respiratory therapy. While a fast-track approach is resource intensive, such resource allocation may be justified to support the growth of Lung POCUS in physiotherapy and respiratory therapy practice where mentor support may be inconsistent, lacking, or absent.
Common complications in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 after nusinersen treatment
Authors: Güzin Yiğithan , Büyükşen Osman , Gençpınar Pınar , Olgaç Dündar Nihal , Baydan Figen
Published: November 2024

Background. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited disease with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Despite the new treatments developed recently, primary and secondary effects of muscle weakness in patients with SMA cause mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to identify common problems in the follow-up of patients after new treatment modalities and to examine the difficulties in management of these problems.
Methods. The study included 16 patients diagnosed with SMA type 1 according to clinical findings and genetic results between 2017 and 2022. The patients were divided into two groups as living and deceased, and complications were examined and compared between the groups.
Results. The patients comprised 8 (50%) females and 8 (50%) males with a median age at diagnosis of 3 months. The patients had a history of gastrointestinal problems, orthopedic problems, infection and sepsis, and especially respiratory distress. Death occurred in 8 (50%) patients during follow-up (median age 38 months). Mortality was higher in patients who needed tracheostomy and had gastroesophageal reflux. The survival rate was better in patients who received more nusinersen treatment and had a higher CHOP-INTEND score.
Conclusions. Despite new-generation treatments for SMA type 1, morbidity and mortality rates remain very high. As the survival rate in SMA type 1 increases, the incidence of complications similar to those frequently seen in SMA type 2 and type 3 patients also increases. The follow-up and treatment of patients with SMA should be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team.
Sedation - analgesia - muscle relaxant - withdrawal and delirium practices in pediatric intensive care units in Türkiye
Authors: Koçkuzu Esra , Korulmaz Ali , Altuğ Ümit , Bozan Gürkan , Yıldızdaş Dinçer
Published: November 2024

Background. Pain and sedation management is an integral part of pediatric intensive care practice. Sedoanalgesia management must be balanced in order to optimize comfort and avoid complications. In order to achieve this balance, sedoanalgesia management needs to be clarified in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). With this study, we aimed to investigate sedation, analgesia, withdrawal and delirium practices, pharmacologic agent preferences, and current experiences and practices in scoring systems in PICUs in Türkiye.
Method. A questionnaire consisting of 57 questions was sent via e-mail to the ‘Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency’ group, which includes all intensive care specialists, subspecialty students and lecturers in Türkiye.
Results. Our study involved 36 pediatric intensive care physicians working in PICUs in Türkiye. Among the PICU specialists who participated in the study, 83.3% stated that they performed routine assessments of sedation efficacy. While dexmedetomidine was the most commonly used sedative agent in patients undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation, benzodiazepines were the most preferred pharmacologic agent for sedation during mechanical ventilation. Of the pediatric intensivists who participated in the study, 94.4% stated that they performed routine pain assessments in their units. Of the PICU specialists who participated in the study, 69.4% stated that muscle relaxants were most commonly used to prevent patient-ventilator incompatibility during mechanical ventilation. Of the participants, 88.8% made withdrawal assessments when discontinuing sedo-analgesic agents. Delirium assessment was routinely performed by 58.3% of the participants.
Conclusions. This study showed that the practices in sedoanalgesia management in PICUs in Türkiye are in parallel with recommendations of the sedation guideline. Despite the increased sensitivity in sedoanalgesia management, awareness in the management of delirium and withdrawal syndrome is not at the desired level. Therefore, there is a need to develop guidelines, raise awareness and increase training on these issues in our Türkiye.
From Energy wise Regulation to Regularized Self-Vitality System – 2 Regularium
Authors:   The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Yu Edwin Chau Leung
Published: November 2024

The whole organism is energy concerned, and the energy economy mode prevails from basic cell regulation to higher systems regularized along with environmental setup
Exercise Intervention in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: From Preliminary Exploration to Personalized Approaches
Authors:   Peking University Institute Of Mental Health, Yue Weihua
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by complex, diverse clinical manifestations. These include positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms like emotional flatness, lack of motivation, and social withdrawal
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Kampo Treatment for Dysmenorrhea Depending on the Presence or Absence of Endometriosis: A Retrospective Study Over 12 Years
Authors:   International Oriental Medical Center, Isobe Tetsuya
Published: November 2024

In modern medicine, endometriosis is known to be one of the causes of dysmenorrhea, and in Oriental medicine “stasis of the blood” or a “cold-syndrome” is considered to be a cause of menstrual cramps
Assessment of Transitional Orbits from a High Eccentricity LEO to a Circumlunar Orbit
Authors: ALnidawi Marwah Issa Abood , Saleh Abdul-Rahman H.
Published: November 2024

This study presents an evaluation of the achievability and execution of transitional orbits for spacecraft transitioning from a high eccentricity Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to a circumlunar orbit, with the point of distinguishing the foremost proficient and ideal trajectory while considering variables such as velocity and required fuel. Transitional orbits have a role in space exploration, and optimizing their characteristics can enormously advantage mission planning and spacecraft design. A numerical simulation model was developed to attain this objective, A gravity perturbations effect is included in the calculation of the transition. The model utilized progressed numerical integration strategies for exact trajectory analysis.
Three cases were examined to investigate the impacts of varying eccentricity and the argument of perigee on the ideal transition, In the first case, eccentricity values of [0.001, 0.01, 0.1] were inspected, whereas the argument of perigee was fixed at 80 degrees. Within the second case, the argument of perigee values of [80, 170, 260] was considered, with the eccentricity fixed at 0.1. The third case included at the same time varying the eccentricity and argument of perigee values. The results showed that the three cases agreed the most favorable transition occurred when eccentricity was set to 0.001 and the argument of perigee was set to 260 degrees. This produced a velocity increase of 2.195694 km/s, which is the lowest increase in ΔV, a metric used to measure fuel efficiency and power required. This finding also demonstrated the lowest change in eccentricity, the lowest change in inclination, and the lowest change in the ascending node, all of which are indicative of increased orbit stability.
Comparison of the Physical Trace of Global Luminosity Emission at Multiwavelength and Star Formation Rates of Luminous Infrared Galaxies Using Extragalactic Distance Scale Techniques
Authors: Shaker Farah Z. , Al Najm M.N.
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to study the rate of star formation (SFR) in luminous infrared galaxies at different wavelengths using distance measurement techniques (dl, dm) and to know which methods are the most accurate to determine the rate of star formation as we present through this research the results of the statistical analysis (descriptive statistics) for a sample of luminous infrared galaxies. The data used in this research were collected from the NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) and HYPERLEDA, then used to calculate the star formation rate and indicate the accuracy of the distance methods used (dl, dm). Two methods were tested on Hα, OII, FIR, radio continuum at 1.4 GHz, FUV, NUV, and total (FUV + FIR). The results showed that the dl measurement method has the most accuracy in calculating SFR as it depends on the redshift where the relationship between them is direct. while the other distance method (dm) depends on absolute blue magnitude (MB), it was somewhat less accurate, but the two methods are helpful for this type of calculation.
The Impact of Partial Solar Eclipse on the Observation of Neutral Hydrogen Emission Line
Authors: Jallod Uday E. , Mahdi Hareth S. , Ali Lana T. , Abood Kamal M.
Published: November 2024

The research involves examining the influence of partial solar eclipse on the strength of neutral hydrogen from the Sun. Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT) was used to monitor the partial solar eclipse on the 25th of October, 2022. Radio observations from the Sun were recorded from 11:30 AM to 03:36 PM. This means that the HI emission from the Sun was recorded before, during and after the event. It was noticed, that at the moment of maximum eclipse, ~ 46% of the Sun’s disk was covered by the Moon. For the purpose of this research, the solar radio wave intensity was monitored and the solar flux density was determined at different times, i.e. before, during and after the partial solar eclipse. The obtained results showed that both of the solar flux and power spectrum decrease with the progress of the eclipse until the moment of maximum eclipse, i.e. the moment at which the minimum values of solar flux density and antenna temperature were recorded (7 × 104 Jy and ~ 80 K). Then, at the last moments of the partial eclipse, it was noticed that both parameters started to increase again due to the decrease in the area of the Sun’s disk until both reached their normal values. In Conclusion, the partial solar eclipse affects the strength of neutral hydrogen from the Sun because the Moon blocks the neutral hydrogen from the Sun during the solar eclipse.
Determination of the characteristics of the perturbed transition orbit to transfer from LEO to GEO
Authors: Fadhil Omar A. , Saleh Abdul-Rahman H.
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to study, the process of satellite transition between different orbits and evaluate the characteristics of the turbulent transitional orbit of transferring a satellite from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to geostationary orbit (GEO) (hp=35790km). The measurements in this research involve considering different LEO characteristics of perigee heights (h_p=200, 400, 600,800) and eccentricities (e=0.01, 0.05 and 0.1), whereas the inclination is fixed to be (i= 23.445 degree).Also, the transfer of the satellite was studied in two stages. The first stage was from the perigee of the first orbit at height 200 km, to the apogee of the second orbit at height 945 km with eccentricity (0.01). the second stage, was the transition the satellite from the perigee of the second orbit at height 800 km to the final orbit (GEO) with the same eccentricity. Two types of turbulence were considered which are atmospheric drag and perturbation (Geopotential acceleration The perturbing acceleration effects on satellite due to the Earth’s gravity potential represent as function of J2 parameter). A program in MATLAB was designed to calculate the speed that for the transition, time and the ratio mass change, which represents the percentage of fuel as well as the extent of the effect of turbulence on the orbital elements of the transitional orbit.The perturbed equation of motion was solved using Runge–Kutta method. The results showed that the increase altitude, the lower ΔV(velocity required to transition), where the ΔV at altitude of 800 km was the best results, reaching (2.244 km/sec). As for the transition in two stage, it may need a higher energy for the transition, as the difference between it and the direct phase in (ΔV= 0.011 km/sec). As the height of the initial orbit increases, the effect of the disturbance on the orbital elements of the transitional orbit decreases, and since the transition time is less than half a day (0.44 day), the effect of the disturbance is clear, so it cannot be neglected.
Spatiotemporal Variability and Trend of Ozone Pollution from Satellite Data (2003- 2021) in Iraq
Authors: Hachim Maha S. , Rajab Jasim M. , Al-Salihi Ali M. , Lim Hwee San
Published: November 2024

Ozone (O3) occurs naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere, and at ground level is a dangerous pollutant hurts plants and lung tissue and it’s a major component of smog. The purpose of this study to analyze the time series, trend, and spatial-temporal changes of monthly Relative Humidity (RH), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), and O3 in Iraq using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) ascending AIRS3STM data during 2003 - 2021. The time series over six stations (Mosul, Sulaymaniyah, Khanaqin, Rutba, Baghdad, and Basra) have been analyzed and showed similar changes and fluctuation in O3 and OLR. The results of the study obtained were: minimum (decreasing, January–December) and maximum (increasing, May–August), and the mean and standard deviation were (0.044±0.003 ppmv) for O3 and (298± 22 Wm-2) for OLR during the study period. During December to February, the highest RH values were recorded, while the lowest RH values occurred from June to August. The monthly mean and standard deviation of RH was (28.66±29.54 g/kg). Further O3 trends revealed negative results in their annual series over all stations, except for Khanaqin and Basra, which had a positive trend. The O3 concentrations were consistently connected with other meteorological variables (the O3 has a negative correlation with RH and a beneficial correlation with temperature). The O3 spatiotemporal maps showed recorded the highest values recorded in April and May over Mosul and Sulaymaniyah (0.055–0.057), and in December, at middle and southern regions (Baghdad and Basra), there were the lowest O3 value (0.033). These results were due to meteorological and geographical factors. The results showed the efficient use of AIRS data to analyze the variations and distributions of atmospheric factors over different regions. In addition, AIRS observations can be used to obtain atmospheric, climatic, and environmental scientific reports and analyses for large, regional, and global regions and for long, continuous periods.
Disturbances of Ionospheric Total Electron Content during Great and Severe Geomagnetic Storms above Iraq and Surrounding Areas
Authors: Al-Ubaidi Najat M. R. , Foadi Raad Falih Hassan , Gburi Sura I.
Published: November 2024

Several studies have been made to understand the behavior of Total Electron Content (TEC) in the topside of the ionosphere during two types of geomagnetic storms. The aim of this research is to examine the ionospheric disturbances using the TEC parameter during the great and severe geomagnetic storms that occurred during the period (28-30 October 2003). Theexamination was conducted for the region,includingIraq and surrounding areas that cover the arealatitude 27-39oN; longitude 27-54oE). TEC data were obtained fromthe Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), to determine the type of geomagnetic storm, the Disturbance storm time (Dst) index was gathered for the selected days from the website Koyota, Japan WDC.Fromthe results,it wasfound that there was a good relationship between Dst-indexand TEC parameter values. There is a discrepancy in observations recorded about TEC values during the period of geomagnetic storms.There were significant enhancements in the values of TEC during storms; however, there was an anomaly when the storm continued for several hours during the day, there was a highly broad increase in TEC from sunrise to sunset. Moreover, when two types of storms occurred, two peaks or more appeared, and they remained for one event, or even for more than one day. Comparisons between the observed TEC and the predicted values were applied in order to check the validity of the IRI-20 ionospheric model during the storm time above the mid-latitude studiedareas;it found that there is a non-linear correlation between them withi24 hours and three days, so the model wouldneed some modification in the future to be suitable for the Iraq region during storm time.