bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sustainable Development of Persons With Disabilities in Developing Countries Through Open and Distance Education
Authors: Prasad Sanjay Kant
Published: June 2017

The United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities has provided a strong impetus to the full and effective involvement of persons with disabilities in society and development with equal access to opportunities to contribute to an equal footing with others in social and economic progress. . However, developing nations are yet to achieve the goal of full participation and equalization of opportunities for sustainable development of persons with disabilities. The special education system or inclusive education being a part of education system, needs to examine the feasibility of open and distance learning to provide opportunity to maximum number of persons with disabilities irrespective of their physical, sensory and psychological diversity, to make them a part of mainstream society. The Guidelines on Open and Distance developed for Persons with Disabilities, published by UNESCO will also be very effective in general and developing countries in particular.
Desired and Achieved Urbanisation in Africa
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Matamanda Abraham Rajab , Mukarwi Liaison
Published: June 2017

The chapter aims to make a nuanced contribution in plugging out the mentioned gaps using human (skilled, managerial, etc.) and material (digital technology, financial, etc.) resources available or developable locally with or without global aid support system. The study is a case study based and uses examples of Cape Town, Abuja, Harare, Nairobi, Cairo and Kinshasa, these being examples of cities where plans and visions have been or are being put in place to ensure that urbanisation is a process that emerges on strategically laid out platform. Nevertheless, achieving that is a continuous struggle because diverging forces are also at play in these cities. The chapter recommends capacity building and professionalization of the conduct of business by these authorities to ensure sustainable urbanisation. It also argues for a planning thought that makes the optimal mix of both local and international resources towards achieving sustainable urbanisation in the various cities of Africa.
Environmental, Social, and Economic Indicators of Urban Land Use Conflicts
Authors: Kucukali Ufuk Fatih , Kuşak Lütfiye
Published: June 2017

Due to the recent increase in population, urbanization in developing countries progressed to the outer fringes of the city and resulted in ecological and social problems. Especially land use conflicts resulting in such phenomena are characterized by pressures on the environment caused by ever-increasing anthropogenic factors subject to unplanned settlement, notably in heavily populated metropolitan areas. Despite the fact that Turkey is one of the countries, which this conflict intensively occurred. Studies on compliance of land use in Turkey with the zoning plans mainly consider socioeconomic indicators. This, in return, raises concerns over applicability and the rationality of the plans created. Three main indicators: environmental indicators, social indicators and economic indicators were selected and then estimated to retrieve the relative weights of the indicators was determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison method. Weighted linear combination (WLC) was carried out in the study.
The Impact of Urbanization Induced Foreign Direct Investment in Emerging India
Authors: J. C. Sharmiladevi
Published: June 2017

Globalization accompanied with internationalization enhanced urbanization across the globe. Cities and towns became the central point for economic activities, most of them fueled by the inward flow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) especially in the emerging economies. Globalization initiated urbanization in most of the emerging economies. As an outcome of globalization directly and with urbanization indirectly it resulted in the growth of inward foreign direct investment across the globe. This chapter makes an attempt to identify the influence of urbanization upon inward FDI and economic growth for emerging India. To study this phenomenon, data for a period of twenty years were taken from 1990- 2010. Multiple regression analysis was used. Results of the study are significant and indicate that, urbanization is playing an important role in enhancing the inflow of FDI into India in the study period. 66.9% of the changes in the dependent variable that is inward FDI is explained jointly by urbanization and economic growth, which shows that cities and towns are becoming an integral part in receiving FDI. This chapter also add some insight into the changing consumption and lifestyles of urbanites effected due to FDI.
Enterprise Integrated Business Process Management and Business Intelligence Framework for Business Process Sustainability
Authors: Kabra Gaurav , Ghosh Vinit , Ramesh A.
Published: June 2017

In the modern business scenario, organizations are vesting high efforts in managing process sustainability as part of their operations management practices. The global environmental concerns for the welfare of the society have facilitated this change. Research studies have reported Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as one of the prerequisites in developing and maintaining efficient business processes. The process sustainability related initiatives and various processes related regulatory compliances have created the need for sophisticated IT tools like BPM (Business Process Management) and BI (Business Intelligence) in organizations. Thus with the advancement of ICT, a strong desire to enhance the business process performance through BPM and BI applications is felt across organizations. However, there is scant research available on leveraging the advantages of these applications in sustainability development. Therefore, this paper aims to present a conceptual architecture framework using an integrated BPM and BI solution to develop an orientation among practitioners and academicians towards the inclusion of ICT in attaining a sustainable, energy efficient business operations or processes. The framework is based on the literature pertaining to the role of BPM and BI in process sustainability as well as from the inputs of practitioners involved in the field of BPM and BI.
Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System
Authors: Murphy James P. , McLarney Carolan
Published: June 2017

Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading System: The Role of Regional Trade Agreements is a discussion about the new reality and the evolution of the reduction of international barriers to freer trade under the World Trade Organization (WTO) formerly the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). The chapter devotes time to the two largest regional trade agreements (RTAs), the European Union (EU) with 28 countries and North American Trading Agreement (NAFTA) with three countries account for half of all world trade (WTO, 2017a). The US set a course post World War II as the proponent of globalization and freer trade. RTAs at that time were failing or inconsequential. In response to the EU trading block, the US committed to a (Free Trade Area) FTA with Canada and subsequently the NAFTA with Canada and Mexico the rest of the world began to become concerned about being shut out of a preferential trade deal. The main theme of the chapter is that trade liberalization is moving forward because of Regional Trading agreements, not the WTO which is stalled and may never restart in its current form.
Exploring Production Function and Cost Efficiency Decomposition with VRS Assumption in China's Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: Zhang Pan-Hong , Bi Gong-Bing
Published: June 2017

The study presents an empirical efficiency analysis for China's iron and steel industry by applying data envelopment analysis. From a theoretical perspective, an improved method is proposed to allow decision makers to select the production function between linear and exponential forms under the assumption of variable returns-to-scale. From a practical perspective, the paper attempts to explore the production function form of 15 representative iron and steel companies in China. Furthermore, the cost efficiency is decomposed into technical efficiency and allocative efficiency in this context. Some suggestions are put forward to improve inefficient companies.
Identifying the Meta-Forms of Situations
Authors: Neuman Yair , Cohen Yochai , Assaf Dan , Danesi Marcel
Published: June 2017

Various tasks of computing meaning involve the identification, representation and processing of interconnected and recurrent patterns known as situations, context, frames or forms. In this paper, the authors propose a novel computational - semiotics approach for addressing various tasks of situation semantics. The approach relies on the dual-space model and the representation of a situation based on domain and function similarity of its constituting parts. The authors illustrate this approach through a worked-out example and test it by automatically by (1) Judging the truth-value of situational propositions and (2) Generating explanations to metaphors.
The Trust of the Information from Employer Rating Platforms
Authors: Sander Tom , Sloka Biruta , Kalkis Henrijs
Published: June 2017

Employer rating platforms are an important source of information for potential candidates to collect and provide information about the employer. The information is beneficial and different to official company information. The research investigates the reasons to use employer rating platforms by individuals. Trust is important for the exchange of information and use of employer rating platforms. The analysis of empirical data obtained in survey has been done with indicators of central tendency or location. For empirical data analysis it used ANOVA, t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient to investigate the significance of differences in evaluations between demographic groups. The research has been done by a survey of 514 participants who are living in Germany. The research provides the result that the use of employer rating platforms depends on demographic factors. The main result is that people trust employer rating platforms. They are aware that they can be manipulated with the information at employer rating platforms.
O estoicismo no pensamento de Luísa Sigea: a dicotomia entre vida pública e vida privada
Authors: Santos Maria Tereza Carrasco Botto Gonçalves dos
Published: June 2017

O presente texto pretende analisar o modo como Sigea se posiciona em face da questão prática de viver na corte, tópico central do Colloquium (Dialogue de deux jeunes filles sur la vie de cour et la vie de retraite), publicado em Lisboa no ano de 1552. O texto desenvolve-se através da explicitação de alguns aspectos como os do humanismo renascentista português, para depois analisar o modo como Sigea interpreta a formação necessária para se alcançar a vida feliz (beata uita).
Editorial
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: June 2017

Editorial
The role of pneumoperitoneum in the glomerular filtration in an experimental model with 2/3 reduction of the renal mass
Authors: Valadão Marco Aurélio , Fagundes Djalma José , Cavazana Willian Cesar , Fagundes Gabriel Jorge
Published: June 2017

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the CO2 pneumoperitoneum in the glomerular filtration in a rat model with a 2/3 reduction of renal parenchyma. Methods: Adult Wistar male rats (n = 50) were subjected to right nephrectomy and a 2/3 ligature of the renal left vascular branch. Animals were randomly distributed as follows: GI (n = 10) - simulated, GII (n = 20) –8 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum, and GIII (n = 20) –15 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum. After two (GIIA and GIIIA) and three (GIIB and GIIIB) hours of insufflation, and one hour of disinsufflation, they were evaluated for the following aspects: mean blood pressure (MBP), microhematocrit, urinary volume and inulin clearance. Results: The microscopic aspects showed signs of glomerulosclerosis that caused proteinuria. Renal function with8 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum after two hours of disinsufflation (Δ% = 202.68) was better than after three hours (Δ% = 10.89). With15 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum, the renal function was damaged by both procedures, that is, two (Δ% = -3.57) and three hours (Δ% = -3.25). Conclusion: Inulin clearance evidenced renal insufficiency in the model with a 2/3 reduction of renal mass, and depending on both the increase of the exposure time and the pressure intensity, it can be more intensified.
In Situ Observation of Diffusion Behavior and Microstructural Evolution on Interfaces in Al/Cu Bimetal
Authors: Cao Fei , Yang Fen Fen , Wang Xue Jian , Kang Hui Jun , Fu Ya Nan , Wang Tong Min
Published: June 2017

Synchrotron X-ray radiography was used to in situ study the diffusion behavior and microstructural evolution of Al/Cu bimetal. The interface diffusion, dendritic/eutectic growth and the formation of intermetallic compounds around the Al/Cu bimetal interface were analyzed. During the isothermal diffusion process, a liquefied transition zone at the interface with a concentration gradient was formed when the Cu concentration exceeded eutectic composition of Al-Cu alloy. During the solidification of transition zone, the growth sequence of α-Al dendrites and eutectic structure were mainly dominated by the variation of Cu concentration and thermal field according to the temperature of the liquidus line of the equilibrium phase diagram. Finally, the transition zone around the interface were identified to be I (α-Al), II (Al+Al2Cu), III (Al2Cu) and IV (Al2Cu, AlCu and Al4Cu9), respectively.
Elastic Properties, Phonon Focusing and Electronic Structures of Typical Long-Period Superstructures Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5
Authors: Tang Ping Ying , Huang Guo Hua , Xie Qing Lian , Guan Na Na , Ning Feng
Published: June 2017

The first-principles calculations were performed to systematically study the elastic properties, phonon focusing and electronic structures of typical long-period superstructures Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5. The obtained lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data. The elastic constants were calculated, and bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E and Poison’s ration ν were further obtained. Both of the numerical indicators and the three dimensional images show that Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5 are anisotropic, and the anisotropy is slightly high for Al5Ti2. Three slowness surfaces were constructed for Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5 to investigate the phonon focusing patterns, and the group velocity surfaces were also obtained to gain more insight into the elastic anisotropy. Due to elastic anisotropy, both of the slowness surfaces and the group velocity surfaces are nonspherical, and the anisotropy is highest for slow transverse mode, and then followed by fast transverse mode and longitudinal mode. The electronic density of states and charge density distribution of Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5 indicate that due to strong hybridization between Al-2p and Ti-3d, there is a strong directional bonding between the Al and Ti atoms. Electronic structures reveal the underling mechanism of elastic properties and phonon focusing for Al5Ti2 and Al11Ti5.
Welding Performance of Several New Rare Earth Tungsten Electrodes
Authors: Li Peng , Yang Jian Can , Li Yan
Published: June 2017

The welding performance of E3, Er-W, La-W1and La-W2 was investigated in this paper. The erosion, morphological stability, U-I curve at high temperature and heavy current were studied by direct current straight polarity tungsten inert gas (DCSP TIG) welding. The morphology of erosion on the electrode surface was explored by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that when the welding current I0 = 250 A,after loading 1h the mass loss of Er-W electrode was bigger than other electrodes and the tip size change of Er-W electrode was larger than others. While the mass loss of La-W1 was least and the tip size of La-W1 was relatively stable. The metallographic structure of the electrode tips showed that the recrystallized grain size of La-W1 was much smaller than others,which showed that metal rhenium can refine recrystallized grains of material and improve the electron emission performance. As a result, La-W1 electrode had superiority in welding performance.
Filling of Microarray Fabricated by Micro Powder Injection Molding
Authors: Liu Lin , Qi M.X. , Xie Z.Q. , He Z.Y. , Ming F.
Published: June 2017

Flow analysis during injection molding is crucial for dimensional control in micro powder injection molding. Numerical simulation of injection molding of ZrO2 microarray based on in-house feedstock was conducted. A powder-binder two fluid model was developed to analyze temperature, viscosity and powder volume fraction of the feedstock for micro pillars of different dimensions with diameters of 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mm, respectively. In general the binder temperature decreased with size reduction of the micro cavity caved on the silicon wafer and increased with mold temperature. The micro pillars of φ0.2 mm exhibited the highest viscosity, which indicated difficulty for filling during injection molding. An increase in mold temperature facilitated the decrease of the feedstock viscosity, which improved the filling of the micro cavities. Powder-binder segregation became evident as the size of the micro cavities reduced to 0.2 mm.
Effects of Austenitizing Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Mechanical Properties of 36MnVS4 Steel for Automobile Engine Connecting Rod
Authors: Li Jun Ru , Sun Xiao Hang , Ji Yan , Chen Lie , Liu Guang Lei , Wang Zhi Lin , Liu Ya Zheng
Published: June 2017

The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of 36MnVS4 steel was studied. Different prior austenite grain sizes were obtained by austenitizing at 850, 950 and 1050 °C, respectively, and different ferrite contents were obtained by different cooling rates. Austenitizing temperature mainly influenced the grain size. With the austenitizing temperature increasing, grain size increased and the phase transformation starting temperature increased. Also, the strength increased and the plasticity and toughness decreased. Cooling rate mainly influenced the microstructure percentage. With the cooling rate increasing, ferrite percentage decreased and pearlite percentage increased. And meanwhile, the strength increased and ductility and toughness decreased. Microstructure had a significant influence on fracture splitting properties. With the grain size increasing, fracture splitting properties were markedly improved. With the ferrite percentage increasing and pearlite percentage decreasing, fracture splitting properties were worsened.
Crack Formation Mechanism of High Silicon Steel during Twin-Roll Strip Casting
Authors: Hu Wen Li , Zhang Yuan Xiang , Yuan Guo , Wang Guo Dong
Published: June 2017

High silicon steel was fabricated by twin-roll strip casting. The cracks on the surfaces of the processed strips were obtained and analyzed by digital camera after series of surface treatment. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe and characterize the microstructure nearby crack and fracture surface along the normal direction, respectively, and the crack formation mechanism was further analyzed in conjunction with processing parameters utilized during twin-roll strip casting process. The results indicated that morelongitudinal cracks along the rolling direction were observed in comparison with transverse cracks along the transverse direction on the strip surfaces. Trans granular and intergranular fracture modes both worked during the formations of longitudinal and transverse cracks on the processed strips. The dominant factor causing the formation of crack on the surface of the processed strips was the inhomogeneous transfer of heat during casting and rolling. The inhomogeneous transfer of heat induced by gas gap during casting resulted in variations of dendrite length and secondary dendrite spacing (SDAS). Meanwhile, the casting velocity influenced the formation of gas gap, which further influenced the thermal contraction. So the control of velocity of casting above a certain level proved beneficial to enhancing the performance of strip casting and to improving the quality of strip products.
Microstructure and Properties of TiC Steel-Bonded Carbide Used Fe/Mo Pre-Alloyed Powder as Binder
Authors: Li Guo Ping , Chen Wen , Sun Li Hui , Luo Feng Hua , Du Yong , Yan Lian Wu
Published: June 2017

Pre-alloyed Fe/Mo powder was manufactured by water atomization method with different molybdenum contents of 1.6%, 2.21%, 2.87%, 4.34%, 6.5% (in wt. %),respectively, and this powder was used as binder to fabricate TiC steel-bonded carbide. The mean grain size of the ball milled powders was smaller because of the increase of hardness and brittleness due to the existence of molybdenum in Fe/Mo pre-alloyed powder TiC phase grew slowly and uniformly owning to the uniform distribution and low activity of molybdenum as a result of the adding method (compared with the adding method of pure metallic molybdenum powder), whereas the abnormal grain growth was suppressed. Results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was finer obviously and the density, hardness, strength and impact toughness of the alloy all increased to some extent.
Preparation and Microstructure, Mechanical, Tribological Properties of Niobium Carbide Films
Authors: Zhang Kan , Du Su Xuan , Ren Ping , Hu Chao Quan , Wen Mao , Zheng Wei Tao
Published: June 2017

Niobium carbide films was deposited by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on Si (001) substrates in discharging a mixture of CH4/Ar gas. The effects of growth temperature (Ts) and methane flow rate (FCH4) on the phase structure, composition, mechanical and tribological properties for NbCx films were explored. For the film grown at FCH4=6 sccm, a phase transition from cubic-NbC phase to hexagonal-Nb2C phases occurred with increasing the Ts; In contrast, when the film deposited at FCH4=16 sccm, only the cubic-NbC phase was observed at different Ts. The surface of all the films became rough with increasing the Ts. In addition, when the Ts increased from RT to 600 °C, the films exhibited the compressive stress and kept rising. While as the Ts > 600 °C, the stress partially relaxed both at FCH4=6 sccm and FCH4=16 sccm. The hardness (H) for sample grown at FCH4=6 sccm first increased up to a maximum value, and then decreased with increasing the Ts. And the films grown at FCH4=16 sccm kept decreasing with the maximum super-hard value of the filmsof 40.5 GPa at FCH4=6 sccm and 600 °C. The friction coefficient for the film obtained at FCH4=16 sccm was lower than that at FCH4=6 sccm, which might be due to the presence more carbon in the film grown at FCH4=16 sccm.
Preparation and Properties of Silicone Based Self-Deicing Coating
Authors: Chen Xiao , Yu Jian Ying , Yi Yi , Zhang Huang , Zha Ya Gang
Published: June 2017

A silicone based self-deicing coating was prepared by blending of silicone solution and organics-coated NaCl deicing additive. The effects of deicing additive content and coating amount on freezing point of coating surface and adhesion force between ice and coating were investigated. The deicing durability of self-deicing coating was evaluated by immersion test. And the influence of silicone based self-deicing coating on friction coefficient and structure depth of asphalt pavement was researched. The experimental results showed that freezing point of coating surface and adhesion force between ice and coating decreased with the increase of the organics-coated NaCl content, freezing point and adhesion force of the self-deicing coating with 6wt.% organics-coated NaCl were-5.2°C and 24.5 N respectively. Immersion test results showed that the deicing performance had only a small reduction after immersion in water for 3 days,which indicated the self-deicing coating had good deicing durability. Moreover, silicone based self-deicing coating had slight influence on friction coefficient and structure depth of asphalt pavement due to the good permeability of silicone solution. The friction coefficient of asphalt pavement decreased by 10.4%, and the structure depth decreased by 6.1% when the amount of the self-deicing coating was 300 g/m2.
Preparation and Properties of a Self-Deicing Coating Based on Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Yi Yi , Yu Jian Ying , Chen Xiao , Cao Zhi Long , Wu Min
Published: June 2017

Layered double hydroxide containing chloride (Cl- LDHs) was obtained by calcination recovery method, and the self-deicing coating was prepared by blending Cl- LDHs and SBR modified asphalt emulsion. Freezing point and carbon steel corrosion rate of Cl- LDHs solution were tested. Deicing performance of the self-deicing coating was investigated by testing the melting ice point of coating surface and the adhesion force between ice and self-deicing coating,then the deicing durability were evaluated by immersion test and microscopic observation. The results showed that the freezing point of solution with 20wt% Cl- LDHs was-9.1°C. The corrosion rate of carbon steel in 20wt.% Cl- LDHs solution was 1.17mm/a, which was only a little higher than corrosion rate of carbon steel in tap water. When the amount of the self-deicing coating with 8wt.% Cl- LDHs was 400 g/m2, the melting ice point on the coating surface was-3.2°C and the adhesion force between ice and self-deicing coating was 24N at-15°C. After immersion in water, the deicing performance and microstructure of the self-deicing coating almost unchanged, which indicates that Cl- LDHs in the self-deicing coating wasn’t dissolved and the coating had excellent deicing durability.
Preparation of (K,Na)NbO3 Powders with Wide Grain Size Distribution
Authors: Zhen Yu Hua , Jia Kai Li , Li Lin Ling , Qiao Yu Xi , Sun Fu Hua , Zhang Min
Published: June 2017

This study is aimed at obtaining (K,Na)NbO3 powders with wide grain size distribution methods. (K,Na)NbO3 powders were successfully synthesized by different ways, including hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, and molten-salt method. The experiment results showed that the hydrothermal and sol-gel methods could not control the grain size of the (K,Na)NbO3 powders effectively . The grain size of (K,Na)NbO3 powders can be only tailored by the molten-salt method through controlling the starting oxide powder morphology, as well as crystallization temperature. The grain size was not affected by the experimental parameters whether or not the initial powders were milled. Furthermore, it has been found that the crystallization temperature could change the grain size of the powders monotonously. The (K,Na)NbO3 powders synthesized by molten salt method distributed from nanoscale to micron level, which can lay the foundation for further research on the grain size effect of (K,Na)NbO3 lead free piezoelectric ceramics.
Negative Thermal Sensitivity of La1-xSrxFeO3 Films Prepared by Screen-Printing Method
Authors: Zhu Xin De , Zhou Yu , Li Sheng Li
Published: June 2017

The impacts of different Sr content on the phase structure, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) characteristic and conduction mechanism at high temperature of lanthanum strontium ferrite (La1-xSrxFeO3, x=0.1~0.6) (LSFO) films were systematically discussed. The LSFO films were prepared on the alumina substrate by the screen printing method. The results showed that the crystal structure transformed from orthorhombic (x=0.1~0.3) to rhombohedral (x=0.4~0.6). All the samples presented NTC performance. With increasing the Sr content, B values increased to the maximum 3885 K (x=0.4) and then decreased. Non-adiabatic small polaron hopping mechanism was dominant for their electric transport in the temperature range from 450 K to 873 K. The activation energy was calculated between 0.37 eV and 0.57 eV, and the sample La0.7Sr0.3FeO3 showed the minimum value of the activation energy. Therefore the La1-xSrxFeO3 (x=0.3, 0.4, 0.5) films have the potential to be developed into high-performance NTC resistors.
Combustion Synthesis of β-SiAlON Using 3D Ball Milling
Authors: Yi Xue Mei , Suzuki Shota , Liu Xiong Zhang , Guo Ran , Akiyama Tomohiro
Published: June 2017

Combustion synthesis (CS) of β-SiAlON was conducted using a 3D ball mill, with a focus on the effect of the 2D/3D ball mill premixing conditions on the CS raw material particle size as well as on the yield and grain shape of the final products. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the raw materials was significantly affected by the premixing conditions. Various particle sizes and particle size distributions could easily be obtained by using a 3D mill instead of a 2D mill due to the complex biaxial rotation movement of 3D milling. The particle size was more sensitive to the rotation ratio (vertical spin/horizontal spin, Vv/Vh) than the rotation rate when using 3D milling. Finally, β-SiAlON with less than 5 mass% unreacted Si was obtained using premix milling conditions of 135×200 [vertical spin (rpm) × horizontal spin (rpm)]. The grain shapes of the final products were clearly influenced by the particle size distribution of the raw mixtures.
A High Strength and Toughness Mg-Y-Ni Alloy with a Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structure
Authors: Luo Su Qin , Tang Aitao , Jiang Bin , Dong Han Wu , Wei Wei , Pan Fu Sheng
Published: June 2017

Mg-5Y-3Ni-0.2Zr (wt. %) and Mg-5Y-3Zn-0.2Zr (wt. %) alloys with LPSO structure have been designed and fabricated. The microstructure and mechanical property of both the extruded alloys have been comparatively studied. The results showed that the alloy with enough Ni exhibited higher elongation due to the high volume fraction of LPSO structure with excellent compatible deformation capability. The presence of deformation kinks with high kink angle demonstrated the capability of LPSO structure to accommodate the deformation, which could greatly increase the ductility and the toughness of the alloy.
Permeability Test Method of the Material for Graphite Pressure Vessel
Authors: Song Ming , Xu Tong , Xiang Jing , Zhang Xue Tao , Wang Han Kui , Shou Bin An
Published: June 2017

In 2009, ASME incorporated the construction specifications of graphite pressure vessels (GPV) in BPV construction codes (BPV VIII-1 part UIG). It is the first time that the non-metallic pressure vessel was incorporated. For the raw materials of GPV, a special property was specified in the codes, i.e. the permeability. As the porous microstructure of impregnated graphite, the permeability becomes a key property for the construction of the GPV especially in the high toxicity applications. In this paper, the whole test technique about the permeability of graphite was discussed, including the computational derivations, design of the test equipment, the test procedure and the result data processing.
Preparation and the Photoluminescence Properties of Er3+-Doped MoS2 Thin Films
Authors: Meng Miao Fei , Ma Xi Ying
Published: June 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin films, layered quasi-two dimensional (2D) materials, have excellent optical and electronic properties for its special structure. In this paper, the surface morphologies, crystals structures and optical characteristics of MoS2 and Er3+-doped MoS2 (Er: MoS2) thin film samples fabricated on the quartz substrates by sol-gel method were investigated. The result indicated that annealing made the crystallinity and optical absorption characteristics of MoS2 thin films better. The light absorption and photoluminescence intensity was enhanced by doping Er3+. Moreover, the photoluminescence intensity increased with increasing doping concentration, but appears saturation tendency.
Enhanced Fluorescence Emission of Bonding Type Rare Earth Complexes Eu(MAA)3Phen
Authors: Wang Bin , Xiao Lu Lu , Xiang Heng Xue , Sun Bin , Zhu Mei Fang
Published: June 2017

Rare earth fluorescent complexes monomer with activated double bonds was synthesized by using Eu as the central atom, Methacrylic acid and 1, 10-Phenanthroline monohydrate as ligand. The structure of resultant Eu (MAA)3Phen was determined by infrared spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum and element analysis, and the fluorescence property of the complexes was tested by fluorescence spectra and fluorescence microscopy. Compared with conventional luminescent materials, this resultant complexes show greater fluorescence intensity. The analysis has revealed that with the increase of rare earth ion concentration from 4×10-5mol·L-1 to 4×10-3mol·L-1, the fluorescence quenching phenomenon appeared in the complexes solution.
Amorphous NiCoPt/Ce2O3 Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Hydrous Hydrazine
Authors: Wang Cong , Wang Hong Li , Gao Da Wei , Zhao Zhan Kui
Published: June 2017

Hydrous hydrazine is a promising hydrogen carrier material because of its high content of hydrogen (8.0 wt.%) and easy recharging as a liquid. Amorphous Ni8.1Co1.0Pt0.9/Ce2O3 nanoparticles with low precious-metal content were synthesized by a facile co-reduction method at room temperature under ambient atmosphere. The increased degree of amorphization was attributed to the introduction of Ce2O3. The resultant Ni8.1Co1.0Pt0.9/Ce2O3 nanocomposite was employed as an efficient nanocatalyst towards the decomposition of hydrous hydrazine to H2, and exhibited excellent catalytic activity and 100% H2 selectivity. Turnover frequency (TOF) value catalyzed by amorphous Ni8.1Co1.0Pt0.9/Ce2O3 is 93.75 h-1, which is much higher than Ni8.1Co1.0Pt0.9 (4.39 h-1) at 298 K. The development of the improved catalytic performance and low-cost catalyst with amorphous structure is believed to strongly promote the practical application of hydrous hydrazine as a hydrogen storage material.
Removal of NOx by Cement Raw Meal and Biochar Admixture
Authors: Wang Bin , Guo Hong Xia , Cui Su Ping , Wang Ya Li , Ma Xiao Yu , Wei Lu , Li Nan
Published: June 2017

Many studies have indicated that carbon can be reduced to nitric oxide. This paper reports an experimental study of NO reduction by mixed materials of biochar or active carbon with cement raw meal. The proportion of mixed materials was 95 wt.% cement raw meal and 5 wt.% biochar or active carbon. A mixture loading amount and gas flow rate study quantifying the effect of carbon amount and gas residence on the reduction of nitric oxide was carried out. The experiment was performed in a fixed bed reactor at the temperature of 800°C, with O2 concentration of 1%. The inlet NO concentration was 1000 ppm. The characterization of structure and properties of biochar and active carbon was conducted by SEM-EDS, BET. The results show that different carbon materials have different NO reduction effect. The NO conversion rate increases with the increase of the amount of mixture loading. This method of removing NO is practically feasible.
Effects of Extrusion Ratio on Microstructures and Properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ce-Er Alloy Wires
Authors: Xu Yu Peng , Ji Ze Sheng
Published: June 2017

The Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ce-Er alloy wires with different extrusion ratio (λ=12, 25, 50, 100) were produced by hot extrusion at 450oC. The effects of extrusion ratio on the microstructures, tensile strength and elongation of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ce-Er alloy wires were researched by means of OM, SEM, TEM and mechanical test.The results show that with the extrusion ratio increasing, the average grain size decreased from 83μm to 42μm, the Al2Cu, Al8Cu4Ce and Al8Cu4Er phases was broken gradually, and the homogeneousdistribution about these second-phases in the alloy wires increased. The tensile strength increased from 366MPa to 459MPa with extrusion ratio, and the elongation initially decreased and then increased with the increase of extrusion ratio. Dynamic recrystallization for Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Ce-Er alloy occurred at different extrusion ratios. Withincreasing of extrusion ratio, the main nucleation mechanism of dynamic recrystallization changed from the sub-grain coalescence at lower extrusion ratioto the acceleration of second-phases for nucleation at higher extrusion ratio.
Effect of Anhydrite on the Early Hydration Performance of Rapid Setting and Hardening Belite Sulfoaluminate Cement
Authors: Lan Ming Zhang , Xiang Bin Feng , Wang Jian Feng , Zhao Xu Dong , Wang Xiao Ying
Published: June 2017

In order to investigate the early hydration behavior of rapid setting and hardening belite sulfoaluminate cements, the methods of X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Compressive Strength test and Setting Times test were used to identify and quantify the hydration kinetics and microstructure of this new-found cements in China. The results showed that the main mineral compositions of high belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker included calcium sulfoaluminate (4CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), belite (2CaO·SiO2), ferrite phase, free gypsum and free lime. It was found that not only the setting time and compressive strength but also the composition of hydration products were influenced by anhydrite to some extent. Meanwhile, a mass of AFt and AFm generated along with the hydration process at different ages, overlapped, crossed and penetrated through calcium silicate hydrate gel and aluminum oxide to form a relatively dense structure which could contribute to the high strength of cement.
Environment Impact Analysis of Four Different Cement Production Strategies
Authors: Zhang Yu Feng , Sun Bo Xue , Liu Yu , Gong Xian Zheng , Wang Zhi Hong
Published: June 2017

With development of the economic, China has been the largest cement production country in the world. But the big production of cement also causes serious ecological environmental problems. In this study, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment was carried out for four typical cement factories in China. The results indicated that new suspension preheater (NSP) process and power plant were mainly to blame for most emissions and environmental performances, and GWP is the most prominent category in the accumulative environmental performance of cement production. Any of the strategies for cleaner production of cement considered in this study, including larger production scale, cogeneration and using calcium carbide slag as secondary material, has effect in improving the environmental performance, but the final single result show that the utilization of calcium carbide slag is the best method, and it could reduce the environmental impact obviously.
Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Beam Resting on Elastic Foundation by Meshless SPH Method
Authors: Lin Jun , Li Jiao , Guan Yan Jin , Zhao Guo Qun
Published: June 2017

The numerical simulation of the bending analysis of Functionally Graded Beam (FGB) is based on a truly meshless Smoothed Hydrodynamic Particle (SPH) method, where the inherent deficiencies were reduced by introducing Corrective Smoothed Particle Method (CSPM) and Total Lagrangian (TL) formulation. The mechanical and physical properties through the thickness of FGB were explained using a power law. The performance of the present SPH method was validated by comparison of solutions of numerical application with the analytical solutions.
Preparation PET Hybrided Materials by In Situ Polymerization for Delustered Fibers
Authors: Montaser Mahgoub Osman , Zhou Jia Liang , Nourrein Mohamed , Li Chong , Xiang Heng Xue , Sun Bin , Zhu Mei Fang
Published: June 2017

A series of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hybrid materials with high-load TiO2 content were prepared via in situ polymerization by dispersing unmodified titanium dioxide (TiO2) in Ethylene Glycol (EG), and the influence of load TiO2 nanofillers on the physical properties of PET masterbatch was investigated. The intrinsic viscosities of the prepared PET hybrid materials were affected by the addition of the nanoparticles and in both cases a slight decrease was observed. In addition, the thermal behavior of these PET hybrid materials and neat PET was investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The chemical structures of PET hybrid materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The TiO2 nanoparticles show well dispersibility in PET matrix. The PET hybrid material with 40wt.% TiO2 content was used as master batch to prepare full dull PET fiber with 2.5 wt.% TiO2. The melt flow ability of PET hybrid materials shows good winding and drawing performance, and also the resulted fiber has better mechanical properties than neat PET fiber. It suggests that this PET/TiO2 masterbatch by in situ polymerization may find good application for delustered fiber preparation.
Effect of Melt Overheating Treatment on the Melt Structure and Solidified Structures of Al75Bi9Sn16 Immiscible Alloy
Authors: Jia Peng , Liu Yang , Zhang Jin Yang , Ma Yu Yao , Wu Chen , Geng Hao Ran , Zhao De Gang , Yang Zhong Xi , Zuo Min , Lv Zhu Wei , Ding Yi Jun , Zhang Shun
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the liquid phase separation and solidification process of the Al75Bi9Sn16 immiscible alloy were studied with calorimetric and resistivity methods to make the melt superheated treatment process. The impact of melt overheating treatment (MOT) on the phase constitution and solidification microstructures were investigated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to determine the structural sensitivity to the melt superheated degree, and find a new strategy for improving the forming ability of the core-shell structure of the Al75Bi9Sn16 alloy. The results show that: the liquid phase separation and precipitation of primary (Sn) phase occur in 1039K-880K and 460K-403K; the core-shell structure with Sn-Bi-rich core and Al-rich shell can be formed under conventional casting conditions; the melt overheating treatment (MOT) can promote the formation of core-shell structure by increasing solidification time t0 and decreasing the average solidification rate v.
Nanocomposites of Carbon Nanotube/Polyaniline with Pending Calix[8]Arene and their External Stimuli Response Properties
Authors: Gao Ming Jun , Li Li Ping , Qiu Jian Xun , Zhang Xin Tao , He Xiao Chun , Lv Shi Sheng , Ma Xing Fa , Li Guang
Published: June 2017

To functionalize the smart nanocomposites, the nanocomposites of CNTs/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene were prepared. A series of characterizations were performed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, The UV-Vis (Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy), et al. The photoconductivity response to visible light and 808 nm laser with low-power were studied based on interdigital electrodes of Au on flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film substrate with casting method. The results showed that the nanocomposites of CNTs/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene exhibited good photoresponse to visible light and weak 808 nm laser, but its recoverability was very slow, it needed several hours, and the film-forming property of nanocomposite was not very good. This may be attributed to the results of increased hydrophobicity of nanocomposite because of introducing the calix [8] arene ring. In order to increase the film-forming technology of nanocomposites, the grapheme oxide were obtained with unzipping method of carbon nanotube (CNTs) for enhancing the hydrophilcity of carbon nanomaterials. The nanocomposites of grapheme oxide/polyaniline with pending calix [8] arene were obtained with similar methods, which showed improved film-forming property. The photoresponses to weak visible light and 808 nm laser also showed the similar results. It may develop the nanocomposite with external stimuli response, and have good potential applications in sensors, organic photocatalyst, et al.
Synthesis of Biotinylated pH-Sensitive Glycopolymer with Different Architectures
Authors: Niu Zhong Li , Zhu Shu Yu , Zhang Xiao Ting , Jiang Xiao Ze , Zhu Mei Fang
Published: June 2017

Two pH-sensitive Glycopolymers with the same components but with different construction tailored biotin functionalities were developed for controlled release of bortezomib (BTZ).The initiator brominate biotin and glyco-monomer were synthesized precedently to produce the block-and random-biotinylated poly (2-Gluconamidoethyl methacrylate)-poly (2-Diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (block/random Biotin-PGAMA-PDEA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The construction and composition of compounds and polymers were characterized by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. The block copolymer self-assembled into micelle according to the pH-response ability of the copolymer while the random one did not under certain conditions.
Materials Flow Analysis of Metallic Titanium in China
Authors: Yang Dan Pin , Gao Feng , Sun Bo Xue , Gong Xian Zheng
Published: June 2017

The materials flow quantity, direction, structure and characteristics of metallic titanium resources in China were illustrated by the Stocks and Flows (STAF) model with time series. The indices such as the metallic titanium resource efficiency, the import-export, the consumption and the social stocks were calculated. From the point of view of the overall resources flow, China titanium industry has entered a stable growth period from the development and expanding period during the recent decade. The resources self-support rate of metallic titanium production and manufacturing increased from 44% and 60% to 66% and 78%, respectively. The titanium ore grade is the main factor affecting the utilization efficiency of titanium element. Considering the titanium utilization rate were increased by 1%, the ore consumption of titanium sponge production would be reduced by 57.8kg/t. The production and consumption ratio of metallic titanium products was increased by 57%, which showed the trend from short supply to self-sufficiency and gaining the net exports of Chinese metallic titanium products. However it appears to the trend of surplus production capacity presently, and the high quality products still rely on import. The recycling of metallic titanium wastes is mainly from the manufacturing process, of which the recovery rate is still lower in the use stage. It is expected that China will face the peak of metallic titanium scraps in 2033 by calculating the amount of social stocks of metallic titanium resources.
Effect of Cooling Rates on the Solidification and Microstructure of Rapidly Solidified Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 Quasicrystal Alloy
Authors: Ge Xing Jing , Teng Xin Ying , Xu Shu Min , Zhang Jin Yang
Published: June 2017

The influence of cooling rates on the solidification and microstructure of rapidly solidified quasicrystal alloy Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2(at.%) was investigated. The microstructure, phase constitution, phase transition and phase structure of the alloys were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results showed that the phase composition of as-cast Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 alloy includes quasicrystal I-phase and Mg7Zn3 phase. For the rapidly solidified alloy ribbons, when the speed is not higher than 400 r/min, the microstructure includes I-phase, Mg7Zn3 phase and α-Mg phase. When the speed is at the range of 400-2000r/min, the Mg7Zn3 phase disappears and only quasicrystal with α-Mg phase exist. With the increase of cooling rate, the grain size decreases and there are a large number of microcrystals in the microstructure. When the speed reaches higher than 2500 r/min, amorphous phase appeared. Differential thermal analysis showed that quasicrystal exist at about 340°C.