bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zły i dobry nacjonalizm w interpretacji foucaultowskiej
Authors: Góra Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Contemporary discourse on controversial political phenomena and processes such as nationalism is often marked by assessments and valuations that change along with the needs of political centers of power. The same phenomenon can be subject to variable assessments depending on the current political regime. This is particularly evident in those areas of Europe that have repeatedly changed their state subordination over the last century. The author proposes a method of analyzing phenomena such as nationalism, inspired by the thought of French philosopher Michel Foucault. Using this method helps to neutralize the interpretative elements, which in the case of substantive analyses makes it easier to get to the heart of the matter, and in the case of emotive analyses reveal their lack of substance.
Wykorzystywanie danych personalnych zgromadzonych przypadkowo podczas operacji bezzałogowych statków powietrznych w świetle standardów prawa do prywatności gwarantowanego w Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka — zarys problemu
Authors: Kociubiński Jakub
Published: November 2021

The rapid growth of data-gathering technologies on the one hand has provided public authorities with a valuable tool for counteracting crimes, but on the other gave rise to concerns over potentially excessive intrusion into persons’ privacy. In order to mitigate the risk of authoritarian behavior stemming from a moral hazard arising out of ability to conduct an ever more eﬀective surveillance, public authorities must impose certain self-limitations with regards to the usage of such data. In this context, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, which may serve other non-invigilation purposes, may inadvertently lead to collecting someone’s personal data.
This paper provides a propaedeutic analysis of legal challenges associated with collateral collection of personal data through unmanned aerial platforms operated by public bodies, and the subsequent use of said data. The analysis will be carried out through the lens of the standards set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In order to provide an answer to the paper’s research question whether the current acquis on Article 8 of the ECHR setting out the basic right to privacy and exceptions thereof require adjustment, the analysis will begin with an overview of the existing case-law dedicated to the ECHR’s standards associated with collecting and processing personal data with an emphasis on its relevance to technical speciﬁ cities of drones operations. The inquiry will then focus on standards associated with operating unmanned platforms during which personal data may be collaterally collected in public places. While it stands to reason that anyone within such a public space must reasonably expect that his or her privacy will be somewhat limited, a distinction must be made between mere recording and the subsequent use of such data for a diﬀerent purpose that it was originally gathered. The next part of the analysis will cover a legal assessment of situations whereby sensors installed on a drone used by public authorities over public spaces will record persons within their domicile — place of living.
The analysis carried out in this paper has led to conclusion that while the core of the pre-existing ECHR’s case-law can be successfully applied per analogiam to unmanned aerial platforms’ operations, due to technical and operational factors there is no feasible way to provide adequate information about whether a monitoring is conducted, who is carrying it out, etc., in a similar manner as this is being done in the case of stationary close-circuit cameras. Therefore, it is necessary to place a greater emphasis on ex oﬃcio data anonymization.
National sovereignty in the political doctrine of Front National/Rassemblement National
Authors: Wielomski Adam
Published: November 2021

The État-nation (Nation-State) doctrine is the main ideology of the French Revolution and subsequent revolutionary tradition, but the contemporary French left and liberal centre are pro-Euro-peans and hostiles to idea of Nation-State. The whole spectrum of French political elite reject the idea of nation and Nation-State as “reactionary” and “undemocratic”. In France, the idea of État-na-tion is defended by the nationalist right only, symbolised by the Le Pen’s family. The purpose of this text is to present this genetically-leftist idea as the programme of the political right.
Konserwatyzm narodowy Maurice’a Barrèsa jako sprzeciw wobec nowoczesnej ideologizacji życia zbiorowego
Authors: Barut Arkadiusz
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article is the philosophical and political concept of Maurice Barrès (1862–1923), French writer and thinker, the most important next to Charles Maurras, a national-conservative thinker in the Third French Republic. The author argues that the topicality of Barrès’ concept lies in revealing the threat arising from the desire to fully reﬂect reality in political ideologies. The hermeneutic exegesis of Barrès’s concept avoids its superﬁcial reading as chauvinistic or internally incoherent. The author situates it as an ideological and historical context as a polemic with oﬃcial ideology of the Third Republic, that is, Charles Renouvier’s neocantism. Its links with the concepts of Ernest Renan and Hyppolite Taine, writers combining individualism and agnosticism with conservatism, are revealed. The author points out that Barrès’ opposition to the ideologization of collective life resulted from his concept of man. In the course of its evolution — the transition from ‘The Cult of Self’ to conservatism, its individualistic aspect has been preserved. This justiﬁed both the valorisation of the nation as one of the sources of the self’s identity and the rejection of chauvinistic approaches to nationalism, not taking into account other factors forming the human identity, i.e. the region and the universal community. It also justiﬁed the rejection of ideological apriorism in politics and political projects.
Approaches to increase capacity of dead-end passenger stations
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Kolin Alexey Valentinovich , Bakin Alexey Alexeevich ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses technological drawbacks of dead-end passenger stations that decrease the capacity of a railway section in whole and constrain the possibility to decrease a minimal train-to-train interval. It is established that the main bottleneck of the dead-end station is the length of a yard neck. The authors present a method for calculation of a minimal acceptable train-to-train interval for lines with dead-end passenger stations that is determined by stational intervals of departure and arrival. The authors have analysed the international experience of elimination of capacity constraints and suggested measures and scheme solutions that allow increasing in various level the capacity of yard necks of dead-end passenger stations (construction of overbridge crossings, use of lock tracks, radical reduction of yard neck length with the use of high-speed switches, increase of speed).
Modeling of spatial distribution of intercity automobile trips on the basis of carpooling services data
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Martynenko Alexander Valerievich , Filippova Elena Gennadyevna ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The paper considers a spatial distribution of automobile traffic between cities of the Sverdlovsk region. For its description the authors have applied a correspondence matrix represented by the number of trips between each pair of cities. A calculation of elements of correspondence matrix is carried out by known total departures and arrivals with the use of a transport gravity model. As initial data for calibration of the gravity model the authors have used the information gained on the online-service for searching fellow travellers (carpooling). The paper considers the gravity model with an exponential gravity function. At calibration the authors have used the Hyman method. As a result, the authors have carried out an analysis of the observed correspondence matrix and a calculation of the modeling one. A comparison of absolute deviations of element values for the modeling and the observed matrices and a comparison of the modeling and the observed distributions of trip length have showed that the gravity model with the exponential gravity function adequately represents the spatial distribution of trips presents on the online-service for searching fellow travellers.
Features of current distribution in the traction rail network for heavy-haul traffic
Authors:   Samara State Transport University (SSTU), Basharkin Maxim Viktorovich , Isaycheva Alevtina Gennadyevna ,   Samara State Transport University (SSTU)
Published: November 2021

The paper investigates the limits of change in resistance value of traction rail network elements due to dynamic loads arising during the movement of trains with increased weight and length. An augmented electric diagram of rail joint with a duplicating junction coupler taken into account has been presented. The ways of traction current flow during simultaneous passing of heavy-weight trains along the adjacent track connected by intertrack junctions have been determined. Conclusions have been made about the necessity of constant monitoring of traction rail network elements condition, which can be ensured only by implementing special automated systems.
Organization of transport production of permanent way work with the consideration for information modeling
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University (ISTU), Asalkhanova Tatyana Nikolaevna , Oskolkov Andrey Alexandrovich ,   East Siberian Directorate of Infrastructure
Published: November 2021

The JSC «RZD» Long-term program up to 2025 envisages a digital transformation of railway transport. It dedicates a special attention to information and digital technologies of modeling advanced development of infrastructure for provision of growing traffic, increase of production efficiency, provision of expected result of traffic safety and industry economics in whole. The paper presents a design of the information model for infrastructure control within the framework of introduction of the BIM RZD Automated Control System on the example of organization of transport production of permanent way work.
Assessment of probabilities of rail failures and their detection by rail circuits
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Popova Mariya Leonidovna , Popov Anton Nikolaevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Bushuev Sergey Valentinovich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The paper considers a possibility of a wider use of alternative means for control of track sections inoccupation on the JSC «RZD» objects. In order to exclude the decrease of operation safety the authors propose to consider the exposure of a track section to rail failures at equipping with alternative means of their detection, as well as the influence of rail circuits and operational measures on detecting failures and prevention of crashes.
Influence of kinetic slip speed of a wheel on a wheel-rail friction coefficient
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Buynosov Alexander Petrovich , Yudt Evgeniy Sergeevich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Frantskevich Anton Alexandrovich ,   Tyagovye Komponenty LLC
Published: November 2021

The paper considers an influence of slip speed of a wheel in relation to a rail on friction coefficient of a locomotive. The authors have refined the physical nature of wheel-rail friction. They have also carried out a comparative analysis of friction coefficient change depending on condition of rails. As a result, the authors have revealed the consequences of the excess wheel slip.
Application of electromagnetic field energy in disinfection cabins for prevention and reduction of spread of viral infections
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kuznetsov K. B. , Zakirova A. R. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The article suggests the use of disinfectants (disinfection cabins) for prevention and reduction of the spread of viral infections (EMF energy is applied there which is harmful to coronavirus strain and harmless to the human body). The analysis of publications on the influence of the electromagnetic field on bacteria and viral infections is given. The physical nature of EMF energy is presented, which is based on estimation of EMF energy in the surrounding space using the Poynting vector. A device for creating the energy load of low-frequency EMF is proposed in order to consider its harmful effect on coronavirus strains. The possibility of using disinfection cabins along with alternative methods of disinfection of premises is shown. The proposed use of disinfection cabin in railway transport will allow for safe disinfection of personnel, clothing and materials during mandatory medical examinations of employees and ensure the safety of train traffic. With successful results of the use of disinfection cabins, the procedure can be used to disinfect passenger traffic. The authors consider practical methods and tools for prevention and reduction of the risks of spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in JSC «Russian Railways». It is worth mentioning that with alternative methods of disinfection, there is not always the possibility of a person being in the room, which significantly complicates the disinfection procedure and affects the result.
Bench testing of algorithms for diagnosing rolling bearings of the on-board diagnostic system and forecasting the service life of the main and auxiliary components of the MCRSU
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Buinosov A. P. , Vasiliev V. A. ,   Scientific Research Center for the Development of Control and Diagnostic Systems «Sigma», Baitov A. S. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Ivanov A. I. ,   Scientific Research Center for the Development of Control and Diagnostic Systems «Sigma»
Published: November 2021

The experimental study of bearing vibration and use of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) as an intelligent tool for diagnosing and identifying bearing defects of motor car rolling stock units (MCRSU) is presented. It is shown that the use of new means of technical diagnostics due to the detection of malfunctions at an early stage of their development reduces the cases of violations of the normal operation of cars and rolling stock. The article presents the results of vibration diagnostics of rolling bearings on the stand, spectral characteristics are obtained for bearings with rolling body defects, internal track and external track. During the bench tests, a specially developed intelligent vibration sensor was used as a vibration sensor, consisting of a sensitive element, a vibration accelerometer, the necessary interfaces and an analogdigital converter. The radial arrangement of sensors in diagnostic systems in repair depots and on-board systems makes it difficult to diagnose defects associated with the appearance of defects under the influence of axial loads, primarily separator defects. Bench tests using intelligent sensors and cloud services on the Internet showed the possibility of creating a mobile system for diagnosing the technical condition of bearing units of motor-car rolling stock and freight car units.
Methodology of forming the transport network of a railway station
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Mishkurov P. N. , Rakhmangulov A. N. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Friedrichson O. V. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov
Published: November 2021

Traditionally, railway tracks of both general and non-general use are represented by a connected oriented vector graph, which includes a set of vertices and a set of arcs connected to each other and forming a transport network. The use of existing methods for creating networks of traffic routing graphs when building a transport network of railway stations leads to restrictions when planning routes for shunting trains. A new approach to the formation of the railway station transport network is proposed to optimize the routes of rolling stock movement when performing train handling operations. This article considers the example of using the method of finding the shortest distances on the proposed transport network of a railway station to determine the routes of rolling stock movement.
Assessment of feasibility of placing the parking space of passenger cars on the basis of simulation modeling
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Kopylova O. A. , Mishkurov P. N. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov, Chetvergova A. A. ,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issues of assessing the development of parking systems of passenger cars in large cities based on the use of the simulation modeling method. With the help of AnyLogic software, a simulation model for evaluating the feasibility of parking space placement has been developed. The proposed simulation model simulates the movement of vehicles on a section of the road network (RN) and determines the number of cars that could not park due to the lack of parking spaces. Three calculators are built into the simulation model. The first calculator calculates the required number of parking spaces based on standard values, depending on the purpose of the object near which the parking space is planned. The second calculator allows you to determine the preliminary cost of the project, depending on the type of parking space. The third calculator evaluates the efficiency of the project, changes such indicators as the required number of cars, the average time spent by cars in the system under study, their average speed, the number of car stops. Using the developed model allows you to determine changes in the values of traffic flow indicators and choose the optimal type of parking space, based on a preliminary assessment of the expected economic effect.
Modeling of interaction between the regions of Russia and the Republic of Belarus in order to predict additional traffic flows
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov M. B. , Serkov L. A. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozhov K. B. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2021

The article proposes a methodological approach using the spatial econometrics tool for development of transport and economic forecasting systems and reflection of major structural political decisions in its results on the example of the influence of economic integration of Russia and Belarus on transport flows in the intersectoral interterritorial systems of the Union State. To calculate the studied indicators, data from the official statistical websites of Russia and Belarus were used. The analysis of the spatial distribution of output in the processing sector of the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is carried out to assess the possibility of interaction between these regions in this sector of the economy. When modeling, the Republic of Belarus is considered as a separate region within the framework of the Union State. Calculations of the global and local Moran indices were made and possible spatial autocorrelations were determined both between the subjects of the Russian Federation and between the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. In the current study, a standard inverse distance weight matrix was used to assess the degree of interaction between regions. The problem is considered, first of all, from the transport side on the basis of the analysis of relations in heavy industry as the main cargo-forming sphere. The influence of economic and infrastructural factors on the indicator characterizing the degree of possible interaction between the regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the field of industry and transport is studied. The results of the work make a step towards the systematic application of spatial econometrics in methodology and technology of transport and economic forecasting and can be used in preparation of strategies, programs and schemes for placement and development of industries, taking into account the potential of a new level of integration of the economies of Russia and Belarus.
Association of fibrinogen and D‑dimer levels with severity of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Prabhu Mukhyaprana M. , Madireddy Jagadish , Shetty Ranjan K. , Stanley Weena
Published: November 2021

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) are the primary cause of mortality worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the as‑sociations of serum fibrinogen and plasma D‑dimer levels with angiographic severity of atherosclerotic lesions as well as the presence of in‑hospital complications and complications at 30‑day follow‑up in patients with ACS. Methods: This was a prospective study including 107 patients with ACS. Severity of CAD was assessed by the Gensini score. Correlations of D‑dimer and fibrinogen levels with complica‑tions such as heart failure, arrhythmia, recurrent angina, and cardiac death were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 61±10.9 years. Mean serum fibrinogen levels were higher in individuals with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction than in those with moderate and mild LV dysfunction (444 mg/dl, 404 mg/dl, and 330 mg/dl, respectively). Similarly, the mean plasma D‑dimer level was higher in individuals with severe ACS (1.03 μg/ml) than in those with moderate (1.88 μg/ml) and mild ACS (3.5 μg/ml). Conclusion: Our study revealed that patients with higher serum fibrinogen levels tend to have more severe ACS, greater LV dysfunction, and a higher rate of complications. Therapies aimed at reducing fibrinogen levels might help reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with ACS.
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersinde Sanal Müze Kullanımı Hakkında Öğrenci Görüşleri
Authors: ÇINAR Ceylan , UTKUGÜN Ceren , GAZEL Ahmet Ali
Published: November 2021

Bu araştırma ortaokul 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde sanal müze kullanımı hakkında görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemiyle fenomenoloji deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar yarıyılında İstanbul Arnavutköy’de bir ortaokulda 7. sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 100 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle eğitim uzaktan devam ettiği için çalışma online yürütülmüş ve zoom uygulaması üzerinden gerçekleştirilen online derslerde sanal müzeler hakkında bilgi verilerek, örnek bir sanal müze gezisi yapılmıştır. Sonrasında öğrencilere Kurtuluş Savaşı Müzesi ve Cumhuriyet Müzesi’nin sanal gezi linkleri atılmış, yapacakları sanal müze gezisinde kullanmaları için araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan çalışma yaprakları verilmiştir. Sanal müze gezisi sonrasında açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan sanal müze görüş formu paylaşılarak öğrencilerin formdaki soruları yazılı olarak cevaplamaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile çözümlenmiş, veriler tablolaştırılarak frekanslarla sunulmuş, doğrudan alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda; öğrencilerin sosyal bilgiler dersinde sanal müze gezileri yapılmasının öğrenmeye katkı sağlayacağını düşündükleri, sanal müze turlarının müze gezilerine bir alternatif oluşturarak zaman ve mekan kısıtlamasını ortadan kaldırdığı, ders ortamını zenginleştirerek öğrenme-öğretme sürecini eğlenceli hale getirdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrenciler ders etkinliği olarak sanal müze gezisi yapmaktan hoşlanmakla birlikte; müze atmosferini hissettikleri ve sanal tura göre daha bilgilendirici, canlı ve eğlenceli bulduklarını vurgulayarak müze gezilerini sanal müze gezilerine tercih ettiklerini açıklamışlardır.
CONSUMO DE EDULCORANTES ARTIFICIAIS POR GESTANTES E NUTRIZES DO TOCANTINS
Authors: De Souza Barros Priscila , Vieira Ferreira Tatiana , Pereira Renata Junqueira
Published: November 2021

O cenário atual da alimentação humana indica um aumento crescente do consumo de produtos industrializados e ultraprocessados, bem como produtos artificialmente adoçados que, inicialmente formulados para suprir às necessidades da população diabética, hoje atendem a tendência da população em reduzir e controlar o consumo de calorias. Apesar de consideradas seguras pelas autoridades de saúde, são contraindicadas na gestação e lactação. Com o objetivo de conhecer a utilização e quantificar o consumo diário total de edulcorantes artificiais por gestantes e lactantes, foi realizada a coleta de dados sobre o consumo alimentar, avaliando quais produtos continham edulcorantes em sua composição e seus, respectivos teores diante do consumo diário individual e análise com a ingestão diária aceitável (IDA). Dos 161 recordatórios coletados, 89 eram gestantes e 72 nutrizes, sendo possível quantificar o consumo de edulcorantes por 9 das gestantes e 15 das nutrizes. Não foi encontrado consumo acima da ingestão diária aceitável para nenhuma das participantes. Em face do exposto, ressalta-se a importância do acompanhamento nutricional com orientações e recomendações conscientes.
GRAFITES E PICHAÇÕES: AS EXPRESSÕES DE ARTE URBANA DE ARAGUAÍNA (TO)
Authors: Silva Neto José Ricarto da , Rodrigues Jean Carlos
Published: November 2021

O representar espacial-geográfico sempre esteve associado com a elaboração de imagens, e encontramos na literatura da área diversos estudos que debatem a relação geografia e arte, espaço e imagem, paisagem e pintura, como o fizeram Ferraz (2009), Oliveira Jr. (2009), Seemann (2009), Marandola Jr. (2010), dentre muitos outros pesquisadores. No caso específico desta pesquisa que realizamos em Araguaína (TO), os estudos que envolvem geografia e arte se voltam para a cultura urbana intrigando geógrafos, urbanistas e arquitetos sobre a manifestação da arte urbana e sua comunicação em cores e formas nas paredes das cidades, como os grafites. Mas não somente isso: as palavras e os símbolos com expressões geralmente políticas, também se expressam nestas paredes demarcando no mapa da cidade a presença de grupos sociais que reivindicam seu direito a usufruir da cidade manifestadas nas pichações em espaços urbanos públicos.
Mass feeding event of Turquoise Parrots and Eastern Rosellas on the North-west Slopes of New South Wales
Authors: Dahlem Michael , Collins Vanessa
Published: November 2021

This note describes the detection of two contemporaneous mass feeding events of a total of ~1000 parrots. After a report of large numbers of Turquoise Parrots Neophema pulchella being found on 8 May 2021, the next day we encountered flocks totalling ~300 Turquoise Parrots and ~700 Eastern Rosellas Platycercus eximius feeding on seeding grasses on a cattle property on the North-west Slopes of New South Wales. The two species, which congregated separately from each other, showed a preference for different species of introduced grasses, neither of which had been reported previously in the diets of these parrots: Turquoise Parrots fed on Purple Pigeon Grass Setaria incrassata and Eastern Rosellas fed on Premier Digit Grass Digitaria eriantha. Sometime between 10 and 21 May, the feeding event was over, before the supply of seeds was exhausted; neither before nor after the event has either species been observed in these large numbers in the region.
Seed Biologists Beware: Estimates of Initial Viability Based on Ungerminated Seeds at the End of an Experiment May Be Error-Prone
Authors: Lamont Byron B.
Published: November 2021

Seed viability is routinely measured on seeds that fail to germinate at the end of an experiment. Together with the number of germinants, this is used to estimate viability of the seeds at start of the experiment (i.e., initial viability) and provides the comparative basis on which germination success is determined. Perusal of the literature shows that sometimes (perhaps often, as the problem has yet to be recognized or reported) prolonged duration in the treatment, especially the control where little germination occurs, can lead to loss of viability. This results in underestimation of initial viability if that treatment is used. I caution against the routine use of end-of-trial germination and viability of ungerminated seeds as an estimate of initial viability in determining germination success of various treatments. I explore ways to deal with the problem but the preference is for estimates of initial viability to be undertaken on a separate sample of seeds concurrently with the experiment as this avoids the risk of seed death during the trial.
Characterization Techniques Coupled With Mathematical Tools for Deepening Asphaltenes Structure
Authors: Apicella Barbara , Ciajolo Anna , Carpentieri Andrea , Popa Ciprian , Russo Carmela
Published: November 2021

Asphaltenes constitute a heavy fraction of fossil fuels and their characterization is still a very difficult and challenging issue due to their complex and variable composition. Asphaltene components are highly condensed aromatic molecules having some heteroatom and aliphatic functionalities. Their molecular weights distribution span a wide range, from hundreds to millions of units, in dependence on the diagnostic used, leading to speculation about possible occurrence of self-aggregation. In the present work, mass spectrometry, with properly developed mathematical methods, size ex-clusion chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis have been applied to asphaltenes for giving some further insight on their MW distribution and characteristics. The results here reported give further quantitative support to the experimental data interpretation already reported in previous works.
Current Trends in Urban Conservation: Medieval Historic Arab City Centers
Authors: Shehata Ahmed Mohamed
Published: November 2021

As Arab countries are beginning to recover from the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, conservation programs are restarting. Noticeably, traditional conservation efforts have not helped improve the poor living conditions in most historic urban centers of Arab cities due to many reasons such as a lack of funds, urban management policies, and the narrow scope of conservation projects. In 2016, the UN urban agenda recognized tangible and intangible heritage as the basis for sustainable, vibrant, urban economies. These efforts reflect the new shift in conservation activities to tangible and intangible heritage and consider urban heritage a tourist product rather than antiquity. This approach grants urban vitality and sustainability for heritage areas. Thus, this study investigates the existing trends and forthcoming changes in conservation and their implication for the deteriorated historic urban city centers of the Arab world. International urban heritage conservation trends were highlighted, objectives and bases of successful urban conservation trends were reviewed, and an assessment framework was developed. Two case studies of historic centers in two Arab cities, Jeddah, and Aman, were empirically assessed using the developed framework. The findings highlight the most common urban problems of the historic centers in terms of urban management policies and trends. In addition, the impact of urban management policies on historic urban areas' sustainability, vitality, and quality was revealed. The paper ends with recommendations for conservation authorities to define a proposed framework to embed the conservation within the urban development plans for deteriorated historic urban centers. The paper's findings and recommendations can contribute to the required knowledge related to urban heritage conservation for practitioners and decision-makers.
Histone Modifications and Their Targeting in Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Fernández-Serrano Miranda , Winkler René , Santos Juliana Carvalho , Le Pannérer Marguerite-Marie , Buschbeck Marcus , Roué Gaël
Published: November 2021

In a wide range of lymphoid neoplasms, the process of malignant transformation is associated to somatic mutations in B cells that affect the epigenetic machinery. Consequential alterations in histone modifications contribute to disease-specific changes in the transcriptional program. Affected genes commonly play important roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis-inducing signal transduction and DNA damage response, thus facilitating the emergence of malignant traits that impair immune surveillance and favor the emergence of different B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the last two decades, the field has made a major effort to develop therapies that target these epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss which epigenetic alterations occur in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Furthermore, we aim to present in close to comprehensive manner the current state-of-the-art in the preclinical and clinical development of epigenetic drugs. We focus on therapeutic strategies interfering with histone methylation and acetylation as these are most advanced in being deployed from the bench-to-bedside and have greatest potential to improve the prognosis of lymphoma patients.
Characteristics of the self-regulation of middle school students in Russia during the period of distance learning
Authors: Novikova Natalya N. , Poberezkaya Vita F.
Published: November 2021

Distance learning can be considered as “self-regulated learning” as it involves students managing their own time, planning their own activities, and taking an active part in interactive communication with classmates and the teacher. The purpose of the study is to identify problems in middle school students’ self-regulation of learning activities during the period of distance learning. Based on a comparative analysis of international research, the study identifies the structural components of self-regulation in distance learning including self-organization, goal setting, planning, prediction, self-control, self-assessment, and reflection. The most significant structural component is students’ self-organization, which implies making a daily schedule, recording the tasks performed, controlling one’s actions in accordance with the daily schedule, as well as independently allocating time for homework. The study is based on a survey of 196 middle school students in the Republic of Komi, Russia. The results of the survey allow identifying the most vulnerable areas of students’ self-regulatory activity in the process of planning, organizing, and controlling their time and individual learning activities in a distance learning environment. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the data obtained to improve the process of distance learning. The materials of the study may be of use to managers, methodologists, and teachers in secondary education in developing methodological recommendations for students regarding the development of self-regulatory skills of middle school students.
Improving Student’s Reading Comprehension on Narrative Text Through Directed Reading Think Pair Share (TPS) at Madrasa Aliyah
Authors: Nikmah Alfi
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the research was to find out the improvement of student’s reading comprehension on narrative text through directed reading and think pair share at madrasa Aliyah of Manahijul Huda Ngagel in academic years 2019/2020. This research was done by applying Classroom Action Research which carried out through four steps. They were planning, action, observation, and reflection, in cycle 1 and cycle 2. The subject of research was the grade X-MIA, they are consisted of 30 students. Based on the result of the data analysis showed that mean of the score has increased in the cycle 2, the mean in the pre-test was 63,33%, the mean of cycle 1 was 74,33%. Then the mean of cycle 2 was 84,17%. The students who got up 75 also grew up. In the pre-test, students who got up 75 were only 5 of 30 students (16,67%). In the post test of cycle 1, students who got up 75 were only 17 of 30 students (56,67%). It means that there was improvement about 40%. In the post test of cycle 2, students who got up 75 were 24 of 30 students (80%). The improvement was about 23,33%. The total improvement of the student’s score from the pre-test to post test of cycle 2 was 63,33%. So, the result of the research showed that Directed-reading and Think Pair Share (TPS) strategy significantly improved student’s reading comprehension on narrative text.
Exploring English Speaking Problems in Higher Education: Pre-Service English Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Maisyanah Maisyanah
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this present study was to explore a dozen of English-speaking problems encountered by pre-service English teachers in one of Indonesian Higher Educations. The data of this qualitative study were garnered through semi-structured interviews to ten pre-service English teachers at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus and relevant documentations. The results revealed that speaking English fluently is not really easy for the pre-service English teachers. In addition, they encountered some problems including lack of appropriate vocabulary, grammar mastery, correct pronunciation, and lack of confidence. This study presents an implication in accordance with the curriculum development of speaking course in higher education particularly at Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus including the need of reformulating the speaking course curriculum which emphasizes on the integration of technology to arouse the spirits among pre-service English teachers in speaking English. Moreover, the need of providing more chance to speak English for them both inside and outside of the class.
Study on the Group Investigation Toward Teacher to Reduce Student’s Anxiety in Speaking Skill
Authors: Wahyudi Mohammad Arief , Azmi Iis Ulul
Published: November 2021

This study aims to describe the study on the GI (Group Investigation) toward teacher to reduce students’ anxiety in speaking skill. The research design of the study was qualitative which focus on descriptive qualitative research. It involved the Vocational school students as the participants. The data were obtained through the observation during the teaching and learning process and an interview with the teachers. In this study, the researcher accomplished several steps to analyze the data, namely reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusion. The first research finding revealed that Group Investigation was used by the teacher and the students in the class and out of the class. The teacher utilized Group Investigation to reduce students’ anxiety in speaking skill toward teachers’ response. Meanwhile, the students used Group Investigation model to give corrections and suggestions on their friends’ speaking in pairs or groups. The second findings revealed that the students gave positive responses toward the use of Group Investigation on speaking. The students said that Group Investigation is a practical model, develop students’ speaking skill, and interesting medium which make student enthusiastic. It also developed the students speaking ability, and able to motivated the students in speaking.
The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Management of Knee Chondral Defects
Authors: Bush Christopher J. , Grant John A. , Krych Aaron J. , Bedi Asheesh
Published: November 2021

➤ Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of progenitor cells that help to promote tissue healing and regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines and growth factors. Although technically pluripotent, MSCs in vivo rarely repair damaged tissue through direct differentiation and engraftment.

➤ Augmentation of traditional marrow stimulation techniques with MSCs has been theorized to improve repair tissue quality and defect fill. Clinical trials evaluating this technique are limited but have shown modest improvements compared with isolated marrow stimulation.

➤ Various scaffolds also have been utilized in combination with MSCs to treat focal chondral defects. Although the techniques described are heterogeneous, many have shown promising early clinical outcomes.

➤ Newer techniques involving 3-dimensional bioprinted scaffolds seeded with MSCs allow for the recreation of complex architecture, more closely resembling articular cartilage. These techniques are evolving and have not yet been studied in human clinical trials.
Subspecialty Selection Impacts Research Productivity and Faculty Rank of Academic Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Haimowitz Sean , Veliky Jacob , Forrester Lynn Ann , Ippolito Joseph , Beebe Kathleen , Chu Alice
Published: November 2021

Background:

Faculty promotion and research productivity are important for the overall career trajectory of academic orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role that subspecialty and demographic factors play in research productivity and academic advancement among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of academic rank among orthopaedic surgeons in 2018. We identified academic orthopaedic programs in the United States from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and collected publicly available data for surgeons, including fellowship training, gender, faculty rank, geographic region, and years since residency, from institutional websites. Research productivity was defined with the Hirsch index (h-index) from Scopus, and the m-index was calculated from the surgeon’s h-index and the date of the first publication. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the variables that are associated with associate professorship, full professorship, and the h-index.

Results:

In this study, we identified and included 2,879 academic orthopaedic surgeons. Completion of a fellowship in foot and ankle (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.45 [1.17 to 5.15]), sports medicine (2.15 [1.12 to 4.15]), trauma (2.83 [1.42 to 5.66]), hand and upper extremity (2.20 [1.13 to 4.28]), musculoskeletal oncology (3.28 [1.49 to 7.21]), or upper-extremity reconstruction (3.20 [1.31 to 7.81]) was associated with associate professorship. Completion of a trauma fellowship was associated with full professorship (2.93 [1.27 to 6.77]). Completion of a fellowship in adult reconstruction (difference in least-squares means [95% confidence interval]: 5.01 [1.22 to 8.81]), sports medicine (4.52 [1.00 to 8.04]), spine (5.40 [1.63 to 9.18]), or upper-extremity reconstruction (10.64 [6.15 to 15.12]) or the completion of multiple fellowships (5.12 [1.27 to 8.94]) were independently associated with a higher h-index. Women had significantly lower h-indices than men at the assistant (median [interquartile range]: 3 [1 to 6] versus 4 [2 to 8]) and full professor (17 [12 to 26] versus 22 [13 to 34]) levels. There were no differences in the m-index between men and women at any academic rank.

Conclusions:

Orthopaedic subspecialty selection is independently associated with research productivity and academic rank. The differences in research productivity may be important to consider when evaluating orthopaedic surgeons for promotion. While female surgeons had lower h-indices than their male counterparts, this difference was not seen when using the m-index.
Cold Weather as a Risk Factor for Late Diagnosis and Surgery for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Lee Wei Chun , Kao Hsuan Kai , Wang Shu Mei , Yang Wen E , Chang Chia Hsieh , Kuo Ken N.
Published: November 2021

Update

This article was updated on February 11, 2022, because of a previous error. On pages 115 and 121, in the byline section and author affiliation section, “Wen E. Yang” now reads “Wen E Yang.”

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022 April 6;104(7):e30.

Background:

Newborn hip screening aims to prevent the late diagnosis of and subsequent surgical procedures for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Weather may affect how parents swaddle their babies in early life, but weather has never been formally regarded as a risk factor in hip screening. This study investigates the association between the incidence of surgically treated DDH and the outdoor temperature.

Methods:

Surgical procedures for late-diagnosed DDH were investigated in 12 birth-year cohorts (1999 to 2010) using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The number of children who underwent a DDH-related surgical procedure between 6 months and 5 years of age per total live births was evaluated as an outcome of hip screening. Trend and regression analyses were used to determine the association between the incidence of surgically treated DDH and birth year, birth month, and the temperature during the birth month and first 3 months of life.

Results:

The mean incidence of surgically treated DDH was 0.48 per 1,000 live births (1,296 surgically treated patients per 2,712,002 live births). The incidence of surgically treated DDH among babies born in winter months (0.70 per 1,000) was significantly higher than that among babies born in summer months (0.32 per 1,000), and it was significantly correlated with mean temperature in the first 3 months of life (r2 = 0.91; p < 0.0001) and birth month (r2 = 0.68; p < 0.001). Multivariable regression revealed that external temperature in the first 3 months of life was the most significant factor (β = −0.034 [95% confidence interval, −0.042 to −0.022]; p < 0.001) for the incidence of surgically treated DDH (adjusted r2 = 0.485). The trend of seasonal differences remained the same throughout the study years following implementation of the hip-screening policy.

Conclusions:

As the incidence of surgically treated DDH is the ultimate outcome of newborn hip screening, cold weather should be regarded as a risk factor and should be incorporated into future screening programs. Weather patterns of different geographical areas should be studied to determine if children born in the winter are at an increased risk for requiring a surgical procedure for DDH, and newborn hip-screening programs should be revised accordingly.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Home Hospital for Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Karhade Aditya V. , Chen Antonia F. , Makhni Melvin C. , Schwab Joseph H. , Simpson Andrew K. , Tsai Thomas C.
Published: November 2021

Home Hospital (HH) is a clinical service involving the delivery of acute inpatient care in the home setting. Acute care services provided via HH include continuous telemonitoring, intravenous fluids and medications, nursing care, point-of-care imaging and laboratory tests, and in-person and virtual clinician visits. Despite offering an inpatient level of care, HH has lower fixed costs and less overhead than conventional hospital settings and offers rapid scalability. Originally implemented for acute medical conditions, HH has proven to be a safe and value-based care-delivery model for a variety of medical conditions, ranging from heart failure to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. For surgical conditions, HH represents an opportunity to reduce adverse hospital-acquired conditions, improve patient and caregiver satisfaction, and decrease cost. The patient profile of orthopaedic surgery inpatients matches that of patients who are most likely to benefit from HH—namely, those who are prone to functional decline, delirium, and nosocomial infections. A focus on surgeon leadership, quality and safety, and digital health with collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) will ensure that the potential of HH is realized as implementation and widespread rollout proceed.