bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure–Activity Relationships of JMV4463, a Vectorized Cathepsin D Inhibitor with Antiproliferative Properties: The Unique Role of the AMPA‐Based Vector
Authors: Vezenkov Lubomir L. , Sanchez Clément A. , Bellet Virginie , Martin Vincent , Maynadier Marie , Bettache Nadir , Lisowski Vincent , Martinez Jean , Garcia Marcel , Amblard Muriel , Hernandez Jean‐François
Published: December 2015

Cathepsin D (CathD) is overexpressed and secreted by several solid tumors and stimulates their growth, the mechanism of which is still not understood. In this context, the pepstatin bioconjugate JMV4463 [Ac‐arg‐O2Oc‐(Val)3‐Sta‐Ala‐Sta‐(AMPA)4‐NH2; O2Oc=8‐amino‐3,6‐dioxaoctanoyl, Sta=statine, AMPA=ortho‐aminomethylphenylacetyl], containing a new kind of cell‐penetrating vector, was previously shown to exhibit potent antiproliferative effects in vitro and to delay the onset of tumors in vivo. In this study, we performed a structure–activity relationship analysis to evaluate the significance of the inhibitor and vector moieties of JMV4463. By modifying both statine residues of pepstatin we found that the antiproliferative activity is correlated with CathD inhibition, supporting a major role of the catalytic activity of intracellular CathD in cancer cell proliferation. Replacing the vector composed of four AMPA units with other vectors was found to abolish cytotoxicity, although all of the conjugates enabled pepstatin transport into cells. In addition, the AMPA4 vector must be localized at the C terminus of the bioconjugate. The unexpected importance of the vector structure and position for cytotoxic action suggests that AMPA4 enables pepstatin to inhibit the proteolysis of critical CathD substrates involved in cell proliferation via a unique mechanism of action.
Inherited mutations in cancer susceptibility genes are common among survivors of breast cancer who develop therapy‐related leukemia
Authors: Churpek Jane E. , Marquez Rafael , Neistadt Barbara , Claussen Kimberly , Lee Ming K. , Churpek Matthew M. , Huo Dezheng , Weiner Howard , Bannerjee Mekhala , Godley Lucy A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Pritchard Colin C. , Walsh Tom , King Mary‐Claire , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Larson Richard A.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Risk factors for the development of therapy‐related leukemia (TRL), an often lethal late complication of cytotoxic therapy, remain poorly understood and may differ for survivors of different malignancies. Survivors of breast cancer (BC) now account for the majority of TRL cases, making the study of TRL risk factors in this population a priority.

METHODS

Subjects with TRL after cytotoxic therapy for a primary BC were identified from the TRL registry at The University of Chicago. Those with an available germline DNA sample were screened with a comprehensive gene panel covering known inherited BC susceptibility genes. Clinical and TRL characteristics of all subjects and those with identified germline mutations were described.

RESULTS

Nineteen of 88 survivors of BC with TRL (22%) had an additional primary cancer and 40 of the 70 survivors with an available family history (57%) had a close relative with breast, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer. Of the 47 subjects with available DNA, 10 (21%) were found to carry a deleterious inherited mutation in BRCA1 (3 subjects; 6%), BRCA2 (2 subjects; 4%), TP53 (tumor protein p53) (3 subjects; 6%), CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) (1 subject; 2%), and PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) (1 subject; 2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Survivors of BC with TRL have personal and family histories suggestive of inherited cancer susceptibility and frequently carry germline mutations in BC susceptibility genes. The data from the current study support the role of these genes in TRL risk and suggest that long‐term follow‐up studies of women with germline mutations who are treated for BC and functional studies of the effects of heterozygous mutations in these genes on bone marrow function after cytotoxic exposures are warranted. Cancer 2016;122:304–311. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
An emerging role for cytopathology in precision oncology
Authors: Pauli Chantal , Puca Loredana , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Robinson Brian D. , Beltran Himisha , Rubin Mark A. , Rao Rema A.
Published: December 2015

Precision medicine is an emerging field in medicine for disease prevention and treatment that takes into account the individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each individual patient. The authors have developed a special program as part of the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine to grow patient‐derived, 3‐dimensional tumor organoids for tumor‐specific drug testing, tailoring treatment strategies, and as models for studying drug resistance. Routine cytology preparations represent a cost‐effective and powerful tool to aid in performing molecular testing in the age of personalized medicine. In this commentary, the platforms used for the characterization and validation of patient‐derived, 3‐dimensional tumor organoids are outlined and discussed, and the role of cytology as a cost‐effective and powerful quality‐control measure is illustrated. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:167–173. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Drug–Drug Interaction of Omeprazole With the HCV Direct‐Acting Antiviral Agents Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Ombitasvir With and Without Dasabuvir
Authors: Polepally Akshanth R. , Dutta Sandeep , Hu Beibei , Podsadecki Thomas J. , Awni Walid M. , Menon Rajeev M.
Published: December 2015

Paritaprevir (administered with low‐dose ritonavir), ombitasvir, and dasabuvir are direct‐acting antiviral agents administered as combination regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Drug–drug interactions between 2D (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir) or 3D (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir) regimens and omeprazole, a CYP2C19 substrate and acid‐reducing agent, were evaluated in 24 healthy volunteers. Subjects received omeprazole (40 mg once daily) on day 1 and days 20–24 and the 2D or 3D regimen (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir 25/150/100 mg once daily ± dasabuvir 250 mg twice daily) on days 6–24. Compared with omeprazole alone, coadministration with the 2D or 3D regimen decreased omeprazole geometric mean Cmax and AUCt values by 40% to 50%. Ombitasvir, dasabuvir, and ritonavir mean exposures showed <10% change, and paritaprevir mean exposures showed <20% change when the 2D or 3D regimen was administered with omeprazole compared with administration without omeprazole. Although no a priori dose adjustment is needed, a higher omeprazole dose should be considered if clinically indicated when coadministered with the 2D or 3D regimen. No dose adjustment is required for the 2D or 3D regimen when administered with omeprazole, other acid‐reducing agents, or CYP2C19 inhibitors.
Probing Membrane Fouling via Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Mapping Coupled with Multivariate Curve Resolution
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Xiao‐Yang , Huang Bao‐Cheng , Wang Long‐Fei , Yu Han‐Qing , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: December 2015

Understanding membrane fouling induced by dissolved organic matter (DOM) is of primary importance for developing effective fouling control and prevention strategies. In this work, we combine multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares analysis with infrared attenuated total reflection mapping to explore the fouling process of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes caused by two typical DOMs, humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The spectral contributions of different foulants and the membrane substrate were successfully discriminated, thereby enabling the diagnosis of fouling origins. Membrane fouling caused by HA is more severe than that by BSA. Three periods, the initial adsorption stage, the equilibrium stage, and the accumulation stage, were observed for the HA‐induced fouling process. The integrated approach presented herein elegantly demonstrates the spatial and temporal characterization of membrane fouling processes, along with relative concentrations of the involved species, and suggests a promising perspective for understanding the interaction mechanisms between foulant species and membranes at the molecular level.
Identifying links between Fluvial Geomorphic Response Units (FGRUs) and fish species in the Assiniboine River, Manitoba
Authors: Carr Meghan K. , Watkinson Douglas A. , Lindenschmidt Karl‐Erich
Published: December 2015

The Assiniboine River, located in east central Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba, provides recreational opportunities, irrigation, and industrial and municipal water resources to Manitoba residents while supporting a diverse fish fauna. Improving our understanding of patterns in the spatial distribution of different fish species in relation to physical habitat features can aid management of this important water resource. The Fluvial Geomorphic Response Unit (FGRU) method is a geospatial modelling technique that allows the classification of large‐scale river reaches that exhibit similar geomorphic structure and provide a link between the hydrological regime and physical riverine habitats. Historical electrofishing data provide catch per unit effort data for various fish species and allow an investigation of fish distribution among different FGRUs. This study has identified significant differences (Kruskal–Wallis test,p < 0·05) in the catch per unit effort between three FGRUs for ten fish species in the Assiniboine River. These findings have the potential to increase our understanding of habitat complexity, availability, and connectivity in prairie rivers, a valuable tool for resource managers. This model can contribute to the development of sampling programmes by allowing efficienta priorisite selection, ensuring sampling of diverse unit types and thus a greater representation of the range of physical habitats present within a river system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages as an anti‐inflammatory signal
Authors: Mills Evanna L. , O'Neill Luke A.
Published: December 2015

Mitochondria are master regulators of metabolism. Mitochondria generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation using pyruvate (derived from glucose and glycolysis) and fatty acids (FAs), both of which are oxidized in the Krebs cycle, as fuel sources. Mitochondria are also an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating oxidative stress in various contexts, including in the response to bacterial infection. Recently, complex changes in mitochondrial metabolism have been characterized in mouse macrophages in response to varying stimuli in vitro. In LPS and IFN‐γ‐activated macrophages (M1 macrophages), there is decreased respiration and a broken Krebs cycle, leading to accumulation of succinate and citrate, which act as signals to alter immune function. In IL‐4‐activated macrophages (M2 macrophages), the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are intact and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is also utilized. These metabolic alterations in response to the nature of the stimulus are proving to be determinants of the effector functions of M1 and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, reprogramming of macrophages from M1 to M2 can be achieved by targeting metabolic events. Here, we describe the role that metabolism plays in macrophage function in infection and immunity, and propose that reprogramming with metabolic inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance in Ag+‐Induced BiVO4/β‐Bi2O3Heterojunctions
Authors: Shan Lianwei , Liu Yuteng , Ma Chengguo , Dong Limin , Liu Lizhu , Wu Ze
Published: December 2015

BiVO4/β‐Bi2O3photocatalysts have been fabricated by a facile Ag doping route. The method involves the substitution of the lattice Bi3+ions in BiVO4with dopant Ag+ions, and the supplanted Bi3+ions generate the β‐Bi2O3(tetragonal phase) under thermal treatment in air. TEM observations and XRD results confirm that BiVO4and β‐Bi2O3coexist in the Ag‐doped BiVO4. The diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) results demonstrate that all of the BiVO4/β‐Bi2O3photocatalysts show enhanced absorption in the visible region betweenλ= 550 and 650 nm, and the absorption intensity increases as the Ag content increases. The experimental results reveal that these BiVO4/β‐Bi2O3nanostructures exhibit much higher visible‐light photocatalytic activities than that of BiVO4for the degradation of the model dye Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiencies are attributed to charge transfer between BiVO4and β‐Bi2O3, which significantly promotes the separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes and, therefore, enhances the photocatalytic properties of the heterojunction. Furthermore, the doped Ag ions might play an important role in this improvement. This approach is expected to be beneficial for the design and optimization of heterojunction photocatalysts.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of 3H‐1,2,3,4‐Triazaphos­phole Derivatives
Authors: Sklorz Julian A. W. , Müller Christian
Published: December 2015

This microreview describes the progress that has been made during the last few years in the synthesis, coordination chemistry, and application of donor‐functionalized 3H‐1,2,3,4‐triazaphospholes, the phosphorus analogues of the well‐known 1,2,3‐triazoles. The latter class of compounds has attracted tremendous interest in various areas of chemistry due to their facile assembly through “click” chemistry. In contrast, the phosphorus‐containing analogues have received much less attention, although their synthesis is fairly straightforward, starting from organic azides and phosphaalkynes, without the need for use of any catalyst. These fascinating low‐coordinate phosphorus heterocycles have conjugated π systems with high degrees of aromaticity and possess rather high π density at their phosphorus atoms, due to significant N–C=P ↔ N+=C–P– conjugation. It has been shown recently that [3+2] cycloaddition between functionalized organic azides and phosphaalkynes also allows the incorporation of additional donor substituents into specific positions of the phosphorus heterocycle, and both chelating and polydentate triazaphospholes are nowadays synthetically accessible. These compounds have been used to prepare the first coordination compounds based on triazaphospholes, making use of the chelate effect. The recently used strategies in this area facilitate, for the first time, synthetic access to a completely new set of triazaphospholes as well as their corresponding metal complexes, leading to a much broader scope for potential applications. As a very recent highlight, experimental and theoretical findings have established triazaphospholes as a new class of phosphorus‐containing extended π systems for optoelectronic applications, because significant fluorescence emission of 2‐pyridyl‐functionalized triazaphosphole derivatives has been observed. New developments in the areas of homogeneous catalysis and materials sciences can consequently be foreseen in the near future.
Hydrophilic Ethylene‐Glycol‐Based Ruthenium Sensitizers for Aqueous Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Cisneros Robin , Beley Marc , Lapicque François , Gros Philippe C.
Published: December 2015

Three ruthenium complexes bearing glycol chains of varied length and number have been prepared and evaluated as hydrophilic sensitizers in aqueous dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. The new complexes performed better than N719 in a 100 % aqueous electrolyte. The use of co‐adsorbents and particularly bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphinic acid (BMPP) improved the efficiency and short‐circuit photocurrent.
Palladium Complexes Bearing Mesoionic Carbene Ligands: Applications in α‐Arylation, α‐Methylation and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions
Authors: Maity Ramananda , Verma Amit , van der Meer Margarethe , Hohloch Stephan , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: December 2015

Complexes of mesoionic carbene (MIC) ligands are gaining immense popularity in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. We present here a series of palladium(II) complexes that are comprised of MIC donor ligands, and we demonstrate their applications in α‐arylation, α‐methylation, and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. All the complexes have been structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. These palladium(II) complexes are potent precatalysts and they deliver good to excellent yields for both α‐arylation and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. A palladium(II) complex bearing two MIC units in a trans fashion is used for chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. This complex delivers lower yields in α‐arylation reactions compared with PEPPSI‐type complexes, however, it gives an α‐methylated product when the reaction is conducted in N,N‐dimethylformamide. Mercury poisoning experiments suggest that the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction likely proceeds via Pd nanoparticles. However, the α‐arylation reaction proceeds homogeneously, as shown by the negative mercury poison test. The present results thus open up new avenues for MIC ligands in catalytic α‐arylation and α‐methylation reactions.
1‐O‐alkylglycerols and fatty acids of cholesteryl esters in squid oil are fully saturated and show parallel relative abundance of chain lengths. A possible compartmented fatty alcohol cycle in squid
Authors: Galliani Guido
Published: December 2015

Squid oil is a good source for ethyl esters enriched in DHA. As usually with marine oils, ethyl esters undergo winterization. The stearin obtained from cold filtration is a mixture of relatively high melting point mostly saturated compounds. Stearin from squid ethyl esters released a solid material upon treatment with methanol. This was characterized as a mixture of 1‐O‐alkylglycerols. Replacing methanol precipitation with chromatographic separation of stearin gave the same results, ruling out preferential precipitation. Alkyl chains of 1‐O‐alkylglycerols are C16:0 preponderantly, C14:0, C18:0, and traces of C15:0 and C17:0. No unsaturated alkyl chains were detected by GC‐MS and 13C‐NMR. However, 1‐O‐alkylglycerols were not detected in crude squid oil. They were contained in the crude oil mainly in the form of 1‐O‐alkyl‐2,3‐diacylglycerols and lesser amounts of plasmanyl‐phospholipids. The alkyl chain distribution recalls the result found in the case of acyl chains of cholesteryl esters in crude squid oil. These findings suggest that the biochemical build‐up of 1‐O‐alkylglycerols and cholesteryl esters in squid follows a common compartmented pathway, different than the metabolism of glycerides, rich in mono‐ and polyunsaturated fatty acid. A hypothesis is put forward based on the fatty alcohol cycle.

Practical applications: Ethyl esters from squid crude oil are enriched by short path distillation to give ethyl esters containing high amounts of DHA. As a part of usual processes leading to omega‐3 concentrated marine oils, enriched ethyl esters undergo winterization. During this step, ethyl esters with relatively high melting point are crystallized at low temperature and removed by filtration. The usual effect of winterization is to contribute to a slight further enrichment in polyunsaturated compounds. The present work shows that winterization also contributes in removing 1‐O‐alkylglycerols, produced from 1‐O‐alkyl‐2,3‐diacylglycerols during ethanolysis of squid oil. A smaller part of 1‐O‐alkylglycerols is contained in the starting squid oil in the form of plasmanyl‐phospholipids, which are likely removed during initial degumming.

A gas chromatogram of fatty acid methyl esters from squid cholesteryl esters (top) compared to a gas chromatogram of isopropylidene derivatives from squid 1‐O‐alkylglycerols (down).
Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Amide N‐Arylation and Regioselective Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylbenzamides
Authors: Minami Hideki , Sueda Takuya , Okamoto Noriko , Miwa Yoshihisa , Ishikura Minoru , Yanada Reiko
Published: December 2015

A new approach to form iminoisocoumarins from readily available and stable 2‐alkynylbenzamides was developed by using a tandem copper‐catalyzed N‐arylation and regioselective 6‐endo‐dig cyclization in the presence of diaryliodonium salts, a copper catalyst, and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine. The arylation occurred at the nitrogen atom rather than the oxygen atom of the amide group, the alkynyl carbon, or the benzene ring of the benzamide. Cyclization occurred through a preferential nucleophilic attack by the oxygen rather than the nitrogen atom of the amide group to produce iminoisocoumarin derivatives in good to moderate yields.
A Simple Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phosphite Addition on Carbonyl Groups
Authors: Santacroce Veronica , Paris Emanuele , Cauzzi Daniele , Maggi Raimondo , Maestri Giovanni
Published: December 2015

A cheap and easily recoverable heterogeneous catalyst could efficiently trigger C–P bond formation by selective addition of phosphites to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones. The reactions afford the desired products in good to excellent yields and do not require the presence of a solvent. Furthermore, nearly stoichiometric amounts of reagents could be used as the hydrotalcite catalyst does not cause the condensation of the carbonyl derivatives, even when aliphatic aldehydes are employed.
Focusing particles by induced charge electrokinetic flow in a microchannel
Authors: Song Yongxin , Wang Chengfa , Li Mengqi , Pan Xinxiang , Li Dongqing
Published: December 2015

A novel method of sheathless particle focusing by induced charge electrokinetic flow in a microchannel is presented in this paper. By placing a pair of metal plates on the opposite walls of the channel and applying an electrical field, particle focusing is achieved due to the two pairs of vortex that constrain the flow of the particle solution. As an example, the trajectories of particles under different electrical fields with only one metal plate on one side channel wall were numerically simulated and experimentally validated. Other flow focusing effects, such as the focused width ratio (focused width/channel width) and length ratio (focused length/half‐length of metal plate) of the sample solution, were also numerically studied. The results show that the particle firstly passes through the gaps between the upstream vortices and the channel walls. Afterwards, the particle is focused to pass through the gap between the two downstream vortices that determine the focused particle position. Numerical simulations show that the focused particle stream becomes thin with the increases in the applied electrical field and the length of the metal plates. As regards to the focused length ratio of the focused stream, however, it slightly increases with the increase in the applied electrical field and almost keeps constant with the increase in the length of the metal plate. The size of the focused sample solution, therefore, can be easily adjusted by controlling the applied electrical field and the sizes of the metal plates.
The Role of Non‐suicidal Self‐Injury and Binge‐Eating/Purging Behaviours in the Caregiving Experience Among Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents with Eating Disorders
Authors: Depestele Lies , Lemmens Gilbert M. D. , Dierckx Eva , Baetens Imke , Schoevaerts Katrien , Claes Laurence
Published: December 2015

This study investigated the caregiving experiences of mothers and fathers of restrictive and binge‐eating/purging eating disordered (ED) inpatients with and without non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Sixty‐five mothers and 65 fathers completed the Experience of Caregiving Inventory. All inpatients completed the Self‐Injury Questionnaire—Treatment Related to assess NSSI and the Eating Disorder Evaluation Scale to assess eating disorder symptoms. Mothers reported significant more negative and more positive caregiving experiences compared with fathers. Mothers (but not fathers) of restrictive ED patients reported more positive caregiving experiences compared with mothers of binge‐eating/purging patients. The presence of NSSI in ED patients was associated with more negative caregiving experiences of both parents. Mothers and fathers of ED inpatients differ in caregiving experiences, and both binge‐eating behaviours and NSSI negatively affect their caregiving experience. Therefore, supportive interventions for parents of ED patients are necessary, especially of those patients who engage in NSSI. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Timing of Early Maternal Mental Health and Child Cortisol Regulation
Authors: Vänskä Mervi , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Lindblom Jallu , Tolvanen Asko , Flykt Marjo , Unkila‐Kallio Leila , Tulppala Maija , Tiitinen Aila
Published: December 2015

Maternal mental health problems can negatively impact children's physiological stress regulation. Yet, little is known of their long‐term effects, especially related to the timing of maternal symptoms. We examined how maternal mental health problems during pregnancy versus in the early postpartum period predict children's cortisol levels and diurnal patterns at 10–12 years. Participants were a selection (N = 102) of an original sample of 805 Finnish families, who were followed from the second trimester of pregnancy (T1) to child's age of 2 months (T2) and 12 months (T3), and again at child's age of 10–12 years (T4). Based on the timing of psychological distress and depressive symptoms (T1–T3), the mothers could be assigned to three distinct mental health trajectory groups: mothers with prenatal mental health problems (n = 15), mothers with early postpartum mental health problems (n = 15) and mothers without mental health problems (n = 72). Children's cortisol (T4) was measured by saliva samples through five within‐1‐day assessments. The results show that maternal prenatal mental health problems predicted a relatively steep increase of child cortisol from awakening to 1 h later, indicating an intensified cortisol awakening response (CAR). Mothers' early postpartum mental health problems instead predicted a reduced CAR. Both maternal prenatal and postnatal mental health problems thus predicted children's later stress regulation, but in unique ways. We discuss the specific roles of direct biochemical effects during pregnancy and postpartum mother–infant interaction quality as modifiers of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Maltreatment Type on Adolescent Executive Functioning and Inner Speech
Authors: Kirke‐Smith Mimi , Henry Lucy A. , Messer David
Published: December 2015

There are indications that different types of maltreatment can lead to different cognitive and behavioural outcomes. This study investigated whether maltreatment type was related to executive functioning (EF) abilities and the use of inner speech. Forty maltreated adolescents and a comparison group of 40 non‐maltreated typically developing adolescents completed a battery of tasks designed to assess both their EF abilities and their vulnerability to disruptions to inner speech. They also completed an IQ test. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and ANCOVA analyses were carried out to examine potential effects of maltreatment type (abuse alone; neglect alone; abuse/neglect combined and no maltreatment) on EF and use of inner speech.

Maltreatment type was related to EF abilities. In particular, abuse only and abuse/neglect combined had a greater negative impact on EF than neglect only. However, the neglect alone group was more vulnerable to disruptions to inner speech than the other two maltreatment groups, suggesting that they may be more reliant on the use of inner speech. These findings provide new insights into the differential impact of maltreatment type on EF and the use of inner speech in adolescence and could be used to improve the educational outcomes of these vulnerable young people. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placenta Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Confer Plasticity on Fibroblasts
Authors: Tooi Masayuki , Komaki Motohiro , Morioka Chikako , Honda Izumi , Iwasaki Kengo , Yokoyama Naoki , Ayame Hirohito , Izumi Yuichi , Morita Ikuo
Published: December 2015

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) has been reported to enhance wound healing. Exosomes contain nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and function as an intercellular communication vehicle for mediating some paracrine effects. However, the function of MSC‐derived exosomes (MSC‐exo) remains elusive. In this study, we isolated human placenta MSC (PlaMSC)‐derived exosomes (PlaMSC‐exo) and examined their function in vitro. PlaMSCs were isolated from human term placenta using enzymatic digestion. PlaMSC‐exo were prepared from the conditioned medium of PlaMSC (PlaMSC‐CM) by ultracentrifugation. The expression of stemness‐related genes, such as OCT4 and NANOG, in normal adult human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) after incubation with PlaMSC‐exo was measured by real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis (real‐time PCR). The effect of PlaMSC‐exo on OCT4 transcription activity was assessed using Oct4‐EGFP reporter mice‐derived dermal fibroblasts. The stimulating effects of PlaMSC‐exo on osteoblastic and adipocyte‐differentiation of NHDF were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin red S‐ and oil red O‐staining, respectively. The expression of osteoblast‐ and adipocyte‐related genes was also assessed by real‐time PCR. The treatment of NHDF with PlaMSC‐exo significantly upregulated OCT4 and NANOG mRNA expression. PlaMSC‐exo also enhanced OCT4 transcription. The NHDF treated with PlaMSC‐exo exhibited osteoblastic and adipocyte‐differentiation in osteogenic and adipogenic induction media. PlaMSC‐exo increase the expression of OCT4 and NANOG mRNA in fibroblasts. As a result, PlaMSC‐exo influence the differentiation competence of fibroblasts to both osteoblastic and adipocyte‐differentiation. It shows a new feature of MSCs and the possibility of clinical application of MSC‐exo. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1658–1670, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histomorphological changes in testes of broad‐snouted caimans (Caiman latirostris) associated with in ovo exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals
Authors: Durando Milena , Canesini Guillermina , Cocito Laura L. , Galoppo Germán H. , Zayas Marcelo A. , Luque Enrique H. , Muñoz‐de‐Toro Mónica
Published: December 2015

Studies regarding the effects of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the reproductive functions of wild animals have raised increasing concern. Thus, here we evaluated the consequences of in ovo exposure to endosulfan (END) and bisphenol A (BPA) in testes from neonatal to juvenile (Juv) caimans (Caiman latirostris). Caiman eggs were collected from areas with low to moderate anthropogenic intervention and incubated at male‐producing temperature. At stage 20 of embryonic development (previous to gonad sex determination), eggs were exposed to either END (20 ppm) or BPA (1.4 ppm) and male gonad histomorphology examined in 10‐day‐old, 90‐day‐old, and Juv caimans. The relative seminiferous tubular area (RTA) was measured in testes and the proliferation index and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) were quantified in intratubular cells. Regardless of the treatment, all eggs resulted in male hatchlings. The testes of EDC‐exposed caimans presented tortuous seminiferous tubules with empty tubular lumens. The RTA of 10‐day‐old caimans exposed to BPA was decreased. The percentage of cells expressing ERα was not different after in ovo treatment with EDCs (compared to the Control group), although caimans exposed to END showed a different ERα distribution pattern. The proliferation index was lower in 90‐day‐old caimans exposed to END, and higher in Juv caimans exposed to BPA. In ovo exposure to END or BPA modified sensitive parameters of C. latirostris male gonads. The alterations described here might compromise not only the sexual maturation but also the reproductive performance of adult caimans. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:84–96, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated design of bandpass filters based on open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) using aggressive space mapping (ASM) optimization
Authors: Rodríguez Ana , Selga Jordi , Sans Marc , Martín Ferran , Boria Vicente
Published: December 2015

This paper is focused on the design of bandpass filters based on open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) in microstrip technology. The filters are obtained by coupling the corresponding shunt resonators (OCSRRs) through admittance inverters (quarter wavelength transmission line sections). Different undesirable effects derived from the chosen topology are taken into account and are compensated at the design level. These effects include the reduction in bandwidth (caused by the narrowband functionality of the line sections acting as admittance inverters), and the presence of a spurious band above the filter passband. The proposed technique is based on the well‐known aggressive space mapping algorithm, which is a powerful tool for the synthesis and design of microwave components. The design of the OCSRR‐based filter is provided in a fully automated way as the main result of this paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The place and role of (moral) anger in organizational behavior studies
Authors: Lindebaum Dirk , Geddes Deanna
Published: December 2015

The aim of this article is to conceptually delineate moral anger from other related constructs. Drawing upon social functional accounts of anger, we contend that distilling the finer nuances of morally motivated anger and its expression can increase the precision with which we examine prosocial forms of anger (e.g., redressing injustice), in general, and moral anger, in particular. Without this differentiation, we assert that (i) moral anger remains theoretically elusive, (ii) that this thwarts our ability to methodologically capture the unique variance moral anger can explain in important work outcomes, and that (iii) this can promote ill‐informed organizational policies and practice. We offer a four‐factor definition of moral anger and demonstrate the utility of this characterization as a distinct construct with application for workplace phenomena such as, but not limited to, whistle‐blowing. Next, we outline a future research agenda, including how to operationalize the construct and address issues of construct, discriminant, and convergent validity. Finally, we argue for greater appreciation of anger's prosocial functions and concomitant understanding that many anger displays can be justified andlackharmful intent. If allowed and addressed with interest and concern, these emotional displays can lead to improved organizational practice. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Graphene Microparticles Having a Core/Shell Structure Prepared with Carboxylated Graphene as a Pickering Stabilizer
Authors: Erdenedelger Gansukh , Dao Trung Dung , Jeong Han Mo
Published: December 2015

Two kinds of carboxylated thermally reduced graphenes (carboxylated TRGs) with different lateral sizes are examined as a Pickering stabilizer in the suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The size and the shape of the prepared composite particles are irregular due to agglomeration, more evidently when the larger carboxylated TRG is used. In addition, carboxylated TRG is distributed not only on the surface but also inside the composite particles. It indicates that the carboxylated TRG alone is not a stable Pickering agent. However, a very small dosage of acrylic acid remedies all these issues because acrylic acid interacts with carboxylated TRG and synergizes the stabilizing effect. The compression molded composite of the core/shell poly(methyl methacrylate)/carboxylated TRG particles exhibits a very low percolation threshold of electrical conductivity of 0.03 vol%. It demonstrates that the carboxylated TRG shells of the composite particles effectively form a segregated conductive network throughout the composite.

image
The relative contributions of function, perceived psychological burden and partner support to cognitive distress in bladder cancer
Authors: Heyes Susan M. , Bond Malcolm J. , Harrington Ann , Belan Ingrid
Published: December 2015

Objective

Bladder cancer is a genitourinary disease of increasing incidence. Despite improvements in treatment, outcomes remain equivocal with high recurrence rates. It is associated with poor psychosocial outcomes due to reduced functioning of the genitourinary system. The objective of these analyses was to query whether reported loss of function or the perception of psychological burden caused by this functional impedance was the key to understanding psychosocial outcomes.

Methods

The sample comprised 119 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of bladder cancer. They completed a self‐report questionnaire comprising the Bladder Cancer Index, Mini‐mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale and standard sociodemographic details. Simple mediation and serial mediation were used to explore the potential for psychological burden to mediate associations between loss of function and cognitive distress, and the potential additional contribution of positive partner support on these relationships. Age and duration of cancer were considered as covariates.

Results

Simple mediation demonstrated that the association between function and cognitive distress was fully mediated by perceived psychological burden. Serial mediation, which allowed for the addition of partner support, again demonstrated full mediation, with partner support being the key predictive variable.

Conclusions

These analyses emphasise the importance of an appreciation of individuals' interpretation of the burden occasioned by bladder cancer and the role of a supportive partner. The implications for management discussions and support services in alleviating negative psychological outcomes in bladder cancer are highlighted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured clathrates and clathrate‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Christian R. , Ikeda M. , Lientschnig G. , Prochaska L. , Prokofiev A. , Tomeš P. , Yan X. , Zolriasatein A. , Bernardi J. , Schachinger T. , Schwarz S. , Steiger‐Thirsfeld A. , Rogl P. , Populoh S. , Weidenkaff A. , Paschen S.
Published: December 2015

Intermetallic clathrates are candidate materials for thermoelectric applications above room temperature. Here, we explore whether their intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivities can be further reduced by nanostructuring and whether this can further enhance their thermoelectric performance. As bulk nanostructuring routes we studied melt spinning and ball milling. To optimize the compaction process and/or stabilize the nanostructure we varied the process parameters, used additives, and studied clathrate‐based composites. Initial results on clathate nanowires as simpler model nanostructures are also presented.
Rapid profiling of antimicrobial compounds characterising B. subtilis TR50 cell‐free filtrate by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry
Authors: Monaci Linda , Quintieri Laura , Caputo Leonardo , Visconti Angelo , Baruzzi Federico
Published: December 2015

Rationale

Several Bacillus strains, typically isolated from different food sources, represent renowned producers of a multitude of low and high molecular weight compounds, including lipopeptides and macrolactones, with an importance for their antimicrobial activity. The high homology shared by many of these compounds also occurring as closely related isoforms poses a challenge in their prompt detection.

Methods

Identification and structural elucidation is generally achieved by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) after a pre‐fractionation and/or purification step of the extract. In this paper we report the application of a method based on LC separation and high‐resolution Orbitrap™‐based MS for the rapid screening of raw filtrate of the strain Bacillus subtilis TR50 endowed with antimicrobial activity, without requiring any sample pre‐treatment.

Results

Upon direct analysis of the cell‐free filtrate of Bacillus subtilis TR50 by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), different compounds families, that proved to exert a remarked antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogens, can be readily displayed along the chromatographic run. Among them, three different classes were identified and characterized belonging to the iturin, fengycin and surfactin groups. The high resolving power and accurate mass accuracy provided by the HRMS system in use ensured an enhanced selectivity compared to other mass spectrometers. In addition, after activation of the HCD cell, the HR‐MS/MS spectra can provide insights in the structural elucidation of several compounds.

Conclusions

The acquisition of HRMS spectra of raw filtrates of subtilis strains allows untargeted analysis of the major classes of compounds produced to be performed, thus facilitating identification of other unknown bioactive molecules after retrospective analysis. These features make this approach a fast tool applicable to the rapid screening and further identification of antimicrobial compounds released by Bacillus strains in raw filtrates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures of polymeric pigments in red wine and their derived quantification markers revealed by high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zeng Liming , Teissèdre Pierre‐Louis , Jourdes Michaël
Published: December 2015

Rationale

The quantification of polymeric pigment families in red wine through their derived quantification markers released during phloroglucinolysis will allow the understanding of their formation kinetics and evolutions during aging which has not been achieved until now and is in urgent need. The identification of these quantification markers was achieved by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in this study.

Methods

HRMS was used to clarify the fragmentation patterns in positive mode of polymeric pigments and identify their derived quantification markers released during phloroglucinolysis.

Results

With HRMS, identification of (epi)catechin‐malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside adducts was simplified to MS/MS, and the fragmentation pattern of malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside‐(epi)catechin adducts was clearly demonstrated. The attribution of four detected ions at m/z 1071.2765 in red wine to the trimeric structure of (epi)catechin‐[malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside‐A type linkage‐(epi)catechin] and [malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside‐A type linkage‐(epi)catechin]‐(epi)catechin was achieved for the first time by MS/MS and evidence given by phloroglucinolysis. Moreover, four kinds of derived quantification markers released from polymeric pigments during phloroglucinolysis were also identified.

Conclusions

The fragmentation pathways of polymeric pigments in red wine and their derived quantification markers released during acidic chemical depolymerisation were clarified which will allow their quantification in red wine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apparent activation of H2O and elimination of H2 from gas‐phase mixed‐metal complexes containing silver, calcium and deprotonated glycine
Authors: Osburn Sandra , Plaviak Alexandra , Pestok Jordan , Van Stipdonk Michael J.
Published: December 2015

Rationale

Ion trap mass spectrometry was used to study the reactivity of species derived from gas‐phase, mixed‐metal complexes, [Ag2Xx(Gly‐H)3]+, where Xx = Ca, Mg, Sr and Ag, and in particular the apparent activation of an H2O ligand added during an ion‐molecule reaction.

Methods

Precursor [Ag2Xx(Gly‐H)3]+ complexes were formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) using spray solutions in which AgNO3, XxNO3 and glycine were mixed in a 1:1:3 molar ratio. Specific species for study of ion‐molecule reactions were created in a “top down” fashion using collision‐induced dissociation (CID). Ion‐molecule reactions were performed by selective isolation and storage in a linear ion trap, where reactions with adventitious H2O can occur.

Results

Multiple stages of CID of [Ag2Ca(Gly‐H)3]+ resulted in the formation of [AgHCa(Gly‐H)]+. An ion‐molecule reaction of this ion produced a peak 16 mass units higher which is hypothesized to be a result of addition of H2O followed by loss of H2. This reaction was studied further by replacing Ca with Mg, Sr and Ag; as well as by incorporating deuterium‐labelled glycine into the complex.

Conclusions

The experimental results showed the following pattern for the apparent rates of reaction: Mg > Sr > Ca. When silver is the only metal present there is an addition of water but no loss of H2. DFT and MP2 calculations help identify plausible pathways for decomposition of H2O and formation of H2. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of freeze‐drying and oven‐drying preparation methods for bulk and compound‐specific carbon stable isotope analyses: examples using the benthic macroinvertebrates Stenopsyche marmorata and Epeorus latifolium
Authors: Akamatsu Fumikazu , Suzuki Yaeko , Kato Yoshikazu , Yoshimizu Chikage , Tayasu Ichiro
Published: December 2015

Rationale

Carbon stable isotope analysis of bulk samples and fatty acids is an established method for tracing carbon flow pathways and reconstructing trophic interactions, but there is no consensus on which sample drying method should be used for sample preparation. The aim of this study was to determine if freeze‐drying and oven‐drying treatments used to prepare samples of the benthic macroinvertebrates Stenopsyche marmorata and Epeorus latifolium for bulk and fatty‐acid‐specific carbon stable isotope analysis yield different isotopic ratio values.

Methods

Five individuals each from two species were split in half; one half was freeze‐dried and the other half was oven‐dried. The samples were ground and the δ13C values of the bulk samples and eight fatty acids were measured following combustion using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer or gas chromatography system.

Results

The mean difference in the bulk and fatty acid δ13C values between freeze‐dried and oven‐dried samples was small (≤0.1‰ in both cases), although relatively large variations were observed in individual fatty‐acid‐specific δ13C values (maximum of ≤0.9 ‰). There were no significant differences in either bulk sample or fatty‐acid‐specific δ13C values between freeze‐dried or oven‐dried samples of the same species.

Conclusions

Freeze‐drying and oven‐drying are equally acceptable methods for preparing freshly caught S. marmorata and E. latifolium samples for bulk and fatty‐acid‐specific carbon stable isotope analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.