bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF POST-OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTIONS AND THEIR ANTIBIOGRAMS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Namburi1 Prasada Rao , D Sisira , BV Surendra
Published: April 2020

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are frequently occurring in postoperative complications. The present study is undertaken to isolate and determine the frequency of distribution of pathogens in post-operative wound infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the causative organisms. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out over a period of one year. 250 pus samples from cases of surgical site infections were processed for gram staining, culture, biochemical identification tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: Out of 250 patients of post-operative wound infections, 48 are cultured positive, among which 21 were gram-positive, and 27 were gram-negative. Staphylococcus aureus emerged as the commonest etiological agent 17 (35.42%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (29.17%), E.coli 6 (12.5%). Amikacin (72.9%) was found to be the most effective antibiotic, and Multidrug resistance was observed with staphylococcus aureus (79.16%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (83.3%). Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest etiological agent for Postoperative wound infections. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of various isolates helps in proper selection of antibiotics and in this study, it was found that Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic against postoperative wound infections.
ATTENUATION OF IRON OVERLOAD AND EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS SUPPLEMENTATION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HOMOZYGOUS β-THALASSEMIA
Authors: A Ghone Rahul , S Bhagat Sonali , S Bhagat Sonali , AC Karnik
Published: April 2020

It has been projected that ferritin and iron yoke in homozygous thalassemic children is coupled with the enhanced free radical formation and blemished in antioxidative defense coordination. Aim: The purpose of the current study was to analyze the consequence of serum iron, erythrocyte catalase, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (ESOD) in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Method: 60 beta-thalassemia major patients were studied before and after supplementation of A – Z antioxidants for 20 weeks, and status were compared with 60 age and sex-matched healthy normal.    Serum Iron estimation was carried out by Ramsay’s Dipyridyl Method. Estimation of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase was done by Kajari Das Method. The levels of Catalase concentration in erythrocytes were analyzed by the Goth method.  All the objectives mentioned above were run by using a UV visible Spectrophotometer (Systronix). Results: A marked enhancement was seen in the intensity of serum iron, and superoxide dismutase (p<0.001) with parallel decline was observed in the level of erythrocyte catalase (p<0.001) in homozygous thalassemia patients when compared with healthy subjects. After 20 weeks of regular supplementation of antioxidants A-Z syrup, which consists of multimineral multivitamins, the concentration of catalase was increased whereas iron and ESOD (p<0.001) were reduced significantly when compared with normal and baselines thalassemic patients. Conclusion: Due to multiple blood transfusions, beta-thalassemia major children are at advanced risk due to secondary iron surplus and intense oxidative stress. Such kind of circumstances may be handled with supplementation of antioxidants A-Z syrup with their regular treatment.
¿Hacia un cambio de modelo turístico?: Reflexiones a partir de la ecotasa
Authors: Mercado Alonso Inmaculada
Published: April 2020

El proyecto y posterior implantación de la llamada ecotasa turística en Baleares ha suscitado un intenso debate en el sector y en distintos territorios, entre los que se encuentra Andalucía, acerca de la necesidad de incorporar el turismo a la fiscalidad ambiental, entendiendo que se trata de una actividad que impacta negativamente en el medio. Estas consideraciones llevan a plantear de una manera más general un cambio en el modelo de desarrollo turístico y algunas claves para modificar el rumbo en el caso concreto de Andalucía.
"Los beneficios fiscales de la Iglesia Católica. Negociación, fundamento y alcance" (Recensiones)
Authors: Paniagua Zurera Manuel
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: JIMÉNEZ ESCOBAR, J., (2002), Los beneficios fiscales de la Iglesia Católica. Negociación, fundamento y alcance, Colección ETEA, Bilbao, Desclée De Brouwer, 371 págs.
"Las acciones estructurales comunitarias en España y sus comunidades autónomas. Periodo 2000–2006" (Recensión)
Authors: Hildenbrand Scheid Andreas
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: LÁZARO ARAUJO, L. (Coord.), (2002), Las acciones estructurales comunitarias en España y sus comunidades autónomas. Periodo 2000–2006, Madrid, FUNDICOT (supervisión técnica), Comisión Europea, Representación en España, 615 págs.
"Financiación autonómica. Cuestión de principios" (Recensión)
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: RÍOS BERJILLOS, A. DE LOS, (2004), Financiación autonómica. Cuestión de principios, Bilbao, Desclée de Brouwer, coedición académica ETEA, 308 págs.
"El sistema competencial de la Junta de Andalucía y su desarrollo efectivo" (Recensión)
Authors: Ríos Berjillos Araceli de los
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: PORRAS NADALES, A. (Coord.), (2003), El sistema competencial de la Junta de Andalucía y su desarrollo efectivo, Granada, Comares, 632 págs.
"Teoría jurídica de la Economía Social. La sociedad laboral: una forma jurídica de empresa de economía social" (Recensión)
Authors: Paniagua Zurera Manuel
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: CANO LÓPEZ, A., (2002), Teoría jurídica de la Economía Social. La sociedad laboral: una forma jurídica de empresa de economía social, Madrid, Consejo Económico y Social, 400 págs.
"El sueño europeo. Cómo la visión europea del futuro está eclipsando el sueño americano" (Recensión)
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra: RIFKIN, J. (2004), El sueño europeo. Cómo la visión europea del futuro está eclipsando el sueño americano, Barcelona, Paidós Ibérica, 523 páginas.
El debate constitucional sobre la Constitución Europea
Authors: Porras Nadale Antonio
Published: April 2020

El debate constitucional sobre la nueva Constitución europea implica una superación de la limitada visión internacional del proceso y una incorporación de la doctrina jurídica europeísta al ámbito interno, dando lugar incluso a la intervención del Tribunal Constitucional. Junto a las transformaciones que se operan en el derecho constitucional interno se trata de constatar en qué medida el desarrollo del sistema parlamentario europeo puede suponer un incremento de la eﬁciencia del sistema institucional de Bruselas. El autor opina que sus postulados más innovadores nos sitúan ante un horizonte histórico más ajustado a las exigencias de la gobernanza y a la emergencia de sistemas en red.
La Unión y la política monetarias en la “nueva Europa”
Authors: López Martín María del Carmen , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: April 2020

La reciente ampliación de la Unión Europea y la ﬁrma de la denominada Constitución Europea son dos cuestiones que van a determinar el futuro próximo de la UE. En este artículo nos planteamos en qué medida afectarán a dos facetas importantes de la Unión, como son la Unión Monetaria y la política monetaria, analizando sus antecedentes y situación actual, así como su tratamiento en la Constitución Europea; igualmente, realizamos algunas referencias a la experiencia en estos últimos años y a la realidad de los nuevos países miembros de la UE, para ﬁnalizar con una reﬂexión acerca de cuál puede ser su evolución futura.
Algunos elementos de análisis sobre el trabajo rural remunerado y no remunerado en América Latina desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: FARAH Q. María Adelaida
Published: April 2020

Las transformaciones en el modelo de desarrollo en los países de América Latina han signiﬁcado cambios en las características del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado. Analizar esto en los espacios rurales, desde una perspectiva de género y una visión ampliada de trabajo, resulta necesario para comprender dichas transformaciones, sus aspectos positivos pero también hacer visibles sus contradicciones y las inequidades que conllevan. En este artículo se presentan elementos de análisis en este sentido, centrándose en América Latina, en general, y en algunos aspectos en Colombia, especialmente. Se comienza con una descripción de los cambios en el modelo de desarrollo y sus implicaciones en las relaciones laborales. Luego se hace un análisis de la relación entre el trabajo productivo (“remunerado”) y el reproductivo. Y ﬁnalmente, se introduce el tema de los niveles micro, meso y macro, debido a que analizar qué pasa en cada uno de ellos y cómo se interrelacionan entre sí, ayuda a entender lógicas y realidades que desaparecerían si se pierde de vista algunos de los niveles y sus interfases.
Reseñas
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan , Jiménez Escobar Julio
Published: April 2020

Reseñas de la obra de:

COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE (2004), Rapport annuel 2004 sur la politique de développement et l’aide extérieure de la Communauté européenne, Luxembourg, Ed. Ofﬁce des publications ofﬁcielles des Communautés européennes, 200 págs.

GONZÁLEZ CUETO, T. (2003), Comentarios a la Ley de Fundaciones. Ley 50/2002, de 26 de diciembre, Cizur Menor (Navarra), Ed. Thonson Aranzadi, 436 págs.

PÉREZ, E. y FARAH, M. A. (Compiladoras), (2004), Desarrollo Rural y Nueva Ruralidad en América Latina y la Unión Europea, Bogotá, Ed. Centro de Cooperación Internacional en Investigación Agronómica para el Desarrollo (CIRAD–Francia) y Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 402 págs.
THE EFFECT OF Cr INTERLAYER ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF CrN COATING ON STEEL
Authors: Dinh Cam Thi Mong , Nguyen Phuong Thanh , Nguyen Quyen The , Nguyen Chi Huu , Le Binh Khac , Tran Tuan , Duong Phuong Ai , Nguyen Lang Chi
Published: April 2020

In this study, chromium nitride (CrN) hard coatings on stainless steel substrates with chromium (Cr) interlayers incorporated between the coatings and the steel substrates in order to improve adhesion of the coatings are investigated. Cr layers are prepared using d.c magnetron sputtering, and then CrN coatings are prepared using reactive d.c magnetron sputtering on these Cr layers. The effect of the Cr layer on the crystal structure and corrosion resistance of the CrN coating through surface modification is determined. The results show that regardless of whether the coatings include the Cr layers, face centered cubic structure of CrN phase with the preferred orientation on (111) planes parallel to coating surface remains and grain size of the CrN does not change. Nevertheless, the Cr layer induces stronger the (111) peak, reduces the residual stress and increases corrosion resistance of the CrN coatings. In addition, corrosion resistance of CrN coatings with the Cr layers deposited at different substrate bias and deposition time is similar although (111) peak intensity and residual stress of them change. The crystal structure and protection ability of the CrN/Cr coatings are optimum for Cr layers deposited with substrate bias of -60V and deposition time below 10min.
房屋建筑工程项目实施阶段的造价控制探析
Authors: 杨 会宁
Published: April 2020

房屋建设需要消耗大量的资源,这是一个投资比较大、建设周期长、综合性强的项目,对国民经济有着重大的影响。建筑施工成本是整个施工过程中最基本的环节。因此,如何有效地管理施工项目的成本是施工企业所关注的问题。特别是对于一些大型工程项目,更需要加强成本管理和控制。本文将阐述了我国建筑工程造价的现状和动态管理的依据,针对住宅工程造价,分析了当前工程造价中存在的诸多问题。最后,提出了一些行之有效的控制方法及建议。
信息化背景下的高职院校开放性职业培训工作体系建设分析
Authors: 朱 亚娟
Published: April 2020

快速发展的信息技术,已为各行各业获得持续性发展提供了强有力的技术支持。通过将信息技术应用于教育工作中,有效提升了教育工作效率与质量。对于高职院校开放性职业培训工作而言,依托互联网信息技术,实现了培训方式的多元化,并提升了培训方式先进性。比如,职业培训云平台、数字化培训资源开发等逐步成为广受欢迎的新型培训方式。本文分析了信息化背景下高职院校开放性职业培训工作体系建设措施。以期给相关人员带来借鉴参考价值。
建筑结构设计中常见问题与解决措施分析
Authors: 徐 兴军
Published: April 2020

在我国经济不断发展的背景下,我国的建筑事业也得到了一定的发展。其中结构设计作为建筑设计过程中最重要的内容之一,它不仅是提高建筑质量的关键,更是美化环境的基础。所以,在具体的设计工作中,相关的设计人员要对建筑设计中结构形式和功能特点等进行分析,然后针对具体的问题提出相应的解决方案,进而不断地提高建筑工程的施工质量。
浅谈市政道路电力管沟常见质量问题分析
Authors: 周 钊
Published: April 2020

本文作者通过多年市政道路施工经验,分析研究了电力管沟的特性,介绍电力管沟常见质量问题及控制措施,为类似工程提供参考。
浅析建筑施工中防水施工技术
Authors: 李 宗满
Published: April 2020

建筑施工中的一项难点工作就是渗水漏水问题,当建筑物出现该问题会对建筑物的质量产生严重的影响,给后期使用过程中也带来严重的麻烦。建筑工程的防水对建筑安全、人身安全有着直接的影响,防水技术作为建筑工程施工技术的一个重要的组织部分,防水技术的良好施工关乎建筑的整体质量,对建筑工程施工具有重要的意义。本文针对建筑工程施工中防水施工技术的重要意义进行分析,对当前建筑施工中常见的渗漏问题进行阐述,进而有针对性的提出相应的解决对策。
European Experience in Regulating Human Right to Free Secondary Legal Aid
Authors: Valko P.
Published: April 2020

The author has analyzed the opinions of scholars on the necessity of introducing the European experience of regulating human right to free secondary legal aid into the national system of protecting human rights. It has been proved that the experience of the European countries is the key to creating the institutional and regulatory base necessary for providing free legal aid, ensuring the financial capacity and stability of the functioning of human rights protection system in Ukraine.

There author has defined two key conditions for ensuring human right to free legal aid: 1) the condition of the state or the “poverty and need test”, which is based on a financial criterion, which allows to determine the lack of sufficient funds to pay for legal aid of a lawyer; 2) a condition of the essence or a “test for the interest of justice” that links the provision of free legal aid to the requirements of justice.

On the basis of the analysis of the basic normative acts of the European countries and the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, the author has distinguished basic criteria of the necessity of rendering a person free legal aid: 1) demand of interests of justice; 2) the complexity of the court case; 3) the need for the services of a lawyer in regard to the particular circumstances of the case; 4) financing of legal aid by the state.
Analytical provision for managing innovation activities within the company considering the interests of stakeholders
Authors: Portna Oksana V. , Iershova Natalia Yu. , Tereshchenko Dina A. , Chaika Tetyana Yu. , Dubynskyi George
Published: April 2020

The article covers the problem of analytical provision for managing innovation activities within a company, taking into account the interests of stakeholders — this is connected with the possibility of ensuring the competitiveness, assessment of innovation activities and choice of innovation strategy. The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions and trends of innovation activities within companies as well as to develop a methodological approach to the evaluation of their innovation activities on the basis of accounting and analytical data considering the interests of stakeholders. The study of the current state and general trends of innovation activities at enterprises was conducted in a logical sequence as follows: 1) the number of innovatively active enterprises, 2) the share of industrial enterprises among the innovatively active enterprises, 3) the estimation of the amount of financing and the level of expenditures on innovations and 4) strategic priority directions of innovation activities that allowed to identify and analyze barriers to the development of an effective innovation policy. This provided an opportunity to develop the structure of analytical provision for the system of managing innovation activities within a company as a logical chain of strategic results for achieving economic success. However, a number of limitations and risks were identified. The assessment of the impact of innovation on the economic, environmental and social efficiency of a manufacturing production process is argued to be based on systematic and structured accounting and analytical information and reflected in non-financial reporting (in particular, the G4 Sustainability Reporting). In view of this, we consider it advisable to supplement the sustainability reporting with the indicators that characterize the effectiveness of innovation management. The results of the study are relevant and useful for large and medium-sized enterprises in the context of ensuring the implementation of an innovation model of development as well as for conducting applied research in the field of business strategies to ensure sustainable company development
ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI YANG MERUGIKAN KEUANGAN NEGARA (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR: 17/PID.SUS-TPK/2016/PN.MDN)
Authors: Listiyani Finna , Zalukhu Abdul Rahmad , Gaurifa Markus , Rahmayanti Rahmayanti
Published: April 2020

Tindakan korupsi yang merugikan keuangan Negara merupakan salah satu bagian dari tindak pidana yang memiliki hukuman yang paling berat di antara jenis tindakan korupsi yang lain. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab timbulnya Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang merugikan keuangan negara serta penerapan hukum terhadap terpidana yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi sesuai dengan putusan pengadilan Nomor: 17/Pid.Sus-TPK/2016/PN.Mdn. Metode pendekatan penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, untuk mengetahui penerapan asas-asas yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tindak Pidana Korupsi terkait dengan kerugian keuangan negara atas nama terpidana Parno yang pada tingkat Pengadilan Negeri Medan menghukum dengan pidana penjara, denda dan uang pengganti dan dinyatakan secara sah dan menyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi.
Epidemiologia da tuberculose em um estado do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Barreto Maryanna Tallyta Silva , Santos Gleyson Moura dos , Monteiro Mísia Joyner de Sousa Dias , Jesus Ruan Luiz Rodrigues de , Barbosa Gliane Silva , Oliveira Victor Alves de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo busca traçar e descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com tuberculose notificados e confirmados no estado do Piauí, no período de 2010 a 2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de delineamento retrospectivo, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória, de natureza quantitativa. Na qual se utilizou dados secundários, obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação. Para a tabulação e análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas Tabwin 3.6 e o Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Os resultados demostraram que no período estudado a doença teve maior e menor incidência nos anos de 2011 e 2015 respectivamente, sendo prevalente em pessoas com ensino fundamental incompleto (42,59%), faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos (35,04%), da cor parda (69,31%), do sexo masculino (64,50%) e residindo na zona urbana (73,12%). Demonstrando, que o risco de entrar em contato com o bacilo e adoecer por tuberculose aumenta consideravelmente nas populações de nível socioeconômica desfavorável, em comparação com a população de poder aquisitivo mais elevado. Dos casos confirmados de tuberculose 5,23% e 5,57% da amostra possuía coinfecção por AIDS e HIV respectivamente. Conclui-se que este estudo tem limitações por utilizar dados secundários, entretanto permitiu compreender melhor o cenário da tuberculose no Piauí, como também observar durante os anos analisados, que o número de casos de tuberculose no estado ainda é expressivo, apesar de ter havido um decréscimo de incidência nesse período.
Multiparisitismo em felino doméstico, relato de caso
Authors: Ferraz Alexsander , Barwaldt Eugênia Tavares , Dallmann Paola Renata Joanol , Castro Tanize Angonesi de , Nobre Márcia de Oliveira , Nizoli Leandro Quintana
Published: April 2020

Os gatos domésticos estão convivendo cada vez mais com os seres humanos, conquistando mais espaço e fazendo parte da estrutura familiar, pois sua personalidade e comportamento, permite que eles se adaptem facilmente à rotina da população moderna. Por estarem mais próximos, alguns cuidados devem ser tomados, visando a saúde destes animais e também do homem, pois muitos agentes que podem acometer os gatos, apresentam potencial zoonótico. Foi analisada a amostra fecal de um felino, adulto, apresentando fezes amolecidas, com estrias de sangue e prurido perianal, com presença de eritema nesta região. As técnicas coproparasitológicas utilizadas para o diagnóstico foram: Willis-Mollay (1921), Faust et al. (1938) e Hofmann, Pons  Janer (1934). Após análise do material, constatou-se que o animal estava parasitado, sendo identificados os helmintos Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp. e Dipylidium caninum, além dos protozoários, Giardia spp. e Cystoisospora spp. A partir do diagnóstico, foi instituído tratamento, visando eliminar estes agentes. Após o término da terapia, foi realizado uma nova análise, onde constatou-se que não havia mais presença de nenhum gênero de parasito.
Pengaruh Keberadaan Financial Technology (Fintech) dan Jumlah Pembiayaan Pada Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Prena Gine Das , Fitriani Wangi
Published: April 2020

The development of science and technology is increasingly rapid in the digital era today has influenced the pattern of human behavior in accessing various information and various features of electronic services. FINTECH (Financial Technology) is a liaison technology between the financial sector and users or the general public and in this study will discuss how the existence of Fintech (Financial Technology), and the amount of financing affect the Size of the Company. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data and the data source used are secondhary data. Data collection techniques in this study used documentation techniques and data analysis techniquest using normality tests and classic assumption tests and using multiple linear regression analysis instruments using SPSS 22 application assistance.

 

 Keywords : Fintech, Financial Technology , the amount of financing, Firm Size,Bank Syariah.
Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Firm Size Terhadap Net Profit Margin Pada Perusahaan Perdagangan Besar Produksi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hantono Hantono
Published: April 2020

This study aims to prove and analyze the effect of the current ratio, debt to equity ratio and firm size on the net profit margin of the large production trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The population in this study were 37 large production trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Of the 37 listed companies, 17 were selected as sample companies using purposive sampling. The results of the discussion show that simultaneously the results of tests conducted simultaneously Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio and Firm Size affect the Net Profit Margin in large production large trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. From the results of tests conducted partially the effect of the current ratio on the net profit margin, debt to equity ratio has a significant effect on the net profit margin, firm size does not affect the net profit margin on large production large trading companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 -2018 and While the coefficient of determination adjusted (R square) of 22.9%. This means that 22.9% of the effect of net profit margin can be explained by variations of the three independent variables namely the current ratio, debt to equity ratio and firm size. While the remaining 77.1% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
Pengaruh Real Earnings Management dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Corporate Environmental Disclosure
Authors: Pratiwi Lia Resti , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine real earnings management and corporate governance on corporate environmental disclosure. Real earnings management variables using the approach of Stubben (2010). This study uses 10 companies in the 2014-2017 period. The sample selection method uses non probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the classic assumption test, descriptive statistics, and moderate regression analysis using SPSS 24. The results of this study prove that real earnings management and corporate governance with a number of boards of commissioners no effect to corporate environmental disclosure., while the board of commissioners and the relationship of independent commissioners effect to corporate environmental disclosure.
Model Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Perempuan di Kabupaten Nias Berbasis Sumber Daya Lokal
Authors: Anggraini Nenny , Regina Desideria
Published: April 2020

Abstrak: Perempuan mempunyai peran yang strategis dalam pembangunan di Indonesia, termasuk perempuan di wilayah pedesaan di daerah teringgal. Strategi pembangunan perempuan di daerah teringgal dilakukan dengan meningkatkan partisipasi, supaya kesejahteraan segera terwujud. Untuk itu , perlu diberikan pelatihan pengolahan bahan-bahan lokal kepada perempuan. Perempuan saat ini dituntut aktif dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal. Wilayah Kabupaten Nias, sistem budaya patriarkhi masih sangat kuat ; perempuan cenderung ditempatkan di sektor domestik, sehingga seringkali tidak bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan model pemberdayaan perempuan dengan melibatkan perempuan secara aktif. Model ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal. Dengan demikian diharapkan kehidupan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan keluarga meningkat.

Kata Kunci: Model Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Lokal

Abstract: Women have strategic roles in general development in Indonesia, including women who live in underdeveloped region. Women development strategy in underdeveloped regions performed with enhancing their participations, in order to make the welfare come true. Therefore, they need the local materials processing training. Women nowadays are demanded to be active to utilize local resources. In district of Nias, the patriarchy cultural system is still very strong; women are tended to be placed in domestic sector so that it does not have high economy values. Hence they need the women empowerment model by involving women actively in utilizing local resources. Therefore, it is expected that their economy and family welfare could be increased.

Key Words: Women empowerment model, local resources utilization
Peran Perempuan dalam Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah dalam rangka menuju Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Tebay Vince , Solaiman Yugianti
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini memberikan gambaran tentang perjuangan perempuan dan anak di Paniay Papua yang sulit mendapatkan akses pada pelayanan publik, pendidikan, kesehatan dan ekonomi. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemanfaatan lahan yang dilakukan oleh investor sebagai hasil dari dibukanya wilayah pembangunan di Paniay. Perempuan dan anak di Paniay harus bersaing dengan pendatang dari luar Papua dengan pendidikan SMP dan SMA serta penguasaan bahasa Indonesia, membaca, menulis yang baik. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan negara harus hadir dan turun tangan dalam membela hak-hak perempuan dan anak Paniay terutama dari isolasi dan kemiskinan.

Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Anak, Isolasi, Kemiskinan
Peran Perempuan dalam Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah dalam rangka menuju Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN di Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Paembonan Linda S , Vida Helen Diana
Published: April 2020

This article discusses about the style of women leadership in the local government (Pemda) of North Toraja, South Sulawesi, which in their daily life is still highly upholds patriarchal culture. But in running out their functions, several strategic positions in local government of North Toraja are led by women. Data obtained by literature study, observation and interviews. The results showed that women leadership styles varied based on their character, background, education and career path. The sixth informant's leadership style was able to adjust to the conditions and situations in the field with subordinates who had diverse characters. Some informants were able to show significant achievements compared to the previous leaders held by male leaders. Related to the customs in North Toraja that are strong and uphold patriarchal culture, the six informants are still able to carry out their duties as leaders and be professional.

Keywords: Leadership Style, Women Leader, North Toraja
Factor Influencing Investor’s Decision Making in Indonesia: Moderating the Role of Locus of Control
Authors: Nalurita Febria , Leon Farah Margaretha , Hady Hamdy
Published: April 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of loss aversion, regret aversion, and market factors, on investment decision making with the moderating role of locus of control. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires. The survey was conducted on individual investors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in Jakarta to obtain a sample of 281. This research uses the Structural Equation Modeling approach. The statistical tool used is LISREL 8.8. This study found that loss aversion, regret aversion, and market factors significantly influence investment decision making. Locus of control plays the role of moderation between loss aversion, regret aversion, market factors, and investment decision making. The novelty in this study reveals the research that needs to be done to encourage investors to make rational decisions and control the required rate of returns through their locus of control. This research helps investors to make decisions logically and rationally with an open mind, high-performance thoughts and positive actions for investment goals that produce positive returns.
Age-Deterring and Skin Care Function of a Polyphenol Rich Sugarcane Concentrate
Authors: Ji Jin , Yang Xin , Flavel Matthew , Shields Zenaida P. , Neoh Julian , Bowen Mae-Ling , Kitchen Barry
Published: April 2020

Increasing evidence suggests that environmental stress, such as UV radiation, generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in skin cells, leading to histochemical changes including skin disorders and aging, hyper pigmentation, and increased formation of wrinkles. Besides the defensive system in skin composed of vitamins and intrinsic antioxidant enzymes, topical and skin conditioning products have been used commonly to eradicate or eliminate these skin ailments. Among various ingredients providing nourishing and moisturizing effect in skin, antioxidants have been reported to be a key ingredient to counteract skin aging processes and skin disorders. Derived from a patented extraction process, a polyphenol rich sugarcane concentrate (Officinol™) becomes the focus of this study due to its rich content of polyphenols known to be strong antioxidants. In this work, we carried out a series of cell-based in vitro studies to examine the use of Officinol™ in anti-aging and skin care functions. Our studies show that Officinol™ activated telomerase, a major biomarker that have been reported to be associated with slowed cellular aging process. When skin cells were under environmental stress such as UV radiation, Officinol™ inhibited MMP-1, an interstitial collagenase in skin cells, and deterred the breakdown of collagen that provides supple texture in skin. Officinol™ also inhibited cellular expression of melanin pigmentation and tyrosinase activity, two major biomarkers causing skin pigmentation and aging spots, and inhibited elastase, an enzyme that facilities the reduction of skin elasticity. At the end of the investigation, we carried out a 10-person, pilot study to examine the effect of Officinol™ on skin lightening and fine line and wrinkle reduction in human skin. The combination of the in vitro and the human pre-study indicates that Officinol™ could provide significant preventative and protective functions including antioxidant, anti-aging, wrinkle reduction, and skin brightening for human skin suffering from aging and other stress. These findings are to be confirmed with a larger scale clinical study at a later stage.
Interactions of Tea-Derived Catechin Gallates with Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Taylor Peter W.
Published: April 2020

Green tea-derived galloylated catechins have weak direct antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and are able to phenotypically transform, at moderate concentrations, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal pathogens from full β-lactam resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration 256–512 mg/L) to complete susceptibility (~1 mg/L). Reversible conversion to susceptibility follows intercalation of these compounds into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, eliciting dispersal of the proteins associated with continued cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. The molecules penetrate deep within the hydrophobic core of the lipid palisade to force a reconfiguration of cytoplasmic membrane architecture. The catechin gallate-induced staphylococcal phenotype is complex, reflecting perturbation of an essential bacterial organelle, and includes prevention and inhibition of biofilm formation, disruption of secretion of virulence-related proteins, dissipation of halotolerance, cell wall thickening and cell aggregation and poor separation of daughter cells during cell division. These features are associated with the reduction of capacity of potential pathogens to cause lethal, difficult-to-treat infections and could, in combination with β-lactam agents that have lost therapeutic efficacy due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, form the basis of a new approach to the treatment of staphylococcal infections.
Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, Cornus mas L. and Chaenomeles superba Lindl. Leaf Extracts
Authors: Efenberger-Szmechtyk Magdalena , Nowak Agnieszka , Czyżowska Agata , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Fecka Izabela
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of leaf extracts from Aronia melanocarpa, Chaenomeles superba, and Cornus mas, and their antimicrobial activity against typical spoilage-causing and pathogenic bacteria found in meat and meat products. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was detected in C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured by DPPH and ABTS assays. The lowest IC50 values were found for C. superba extract, followed by C. mas and A. melanocarpa extracts. LC-MS and HPLC analysis revealed that A. melanocarpa and C. superba extracts contained hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids (mainly flavonols). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected in the C. mas extract, as well as flavonols, ellagitannins, and iridoids. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Moraxella osloensis, Pseudomonas fragi, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus sakei, Listeria monocytogenes) using the microculture method. The extracts acted as bacteriostatic agents, decreasing the growth rate (µmax) and extending the lag phase (tlag). C. mas showed most potent antibacterial activity, as confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).
Self-Assembling Behavior of pH-Responsive Peptide A6K without End-Capping
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Fenghuan , Wang Yuxuan , Li Shuangyang , Wen Sai
Published: April 2020

A short self-assembly peptide A6K (H2N−AAAAAAK−OH) with unmodified N− and C−terminus was designed, and the charge distribution model of this short peptide at different pH was established by computer simulation. The pH of the solution was adjusted according to the model and the corresponding self-assembled structure was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). As the pH changes, the peptide will assemble into blocks or nanoribbons, which indicates that the A6K peptide is a pH-responsive peptide. Circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation showed that the block structure was formed by random coils, while the increase in β-turn content contributes to the formation of intact nanoribbons. A reasonable explanation of the self-assembling structure was made according to the electrostatic distribution model and the effect of electrostatic interaction on self-assembly was investigated. This study laid the foundation for further design of nanomaterials based on pH-responsive peptides.
A Simple Zinc-Mediated Method for Selenium Addition to Michael Acceptors
Authors: Nacca Francesca Giulia , Monti Bonifacio , Lenardão Eder João , Evans Paul , Santi Claudio
Published: April 2020

In this work, we focused our attention on seleno-Michael type reactions. These were performed using zinc-selenolates generated in situ from diphenyl diselenide 1, 1,2-bis(3-phenylpropyl)diselenide 30, and protected selenocystine 31 via an efficient biphasic Zn/HCl-based reducing system. Alkenes with a variety of electron-withdrawing groups were investigated in order to gauge the scope and limitations of the process. Results demonstrated that the addition to acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones, aldehydes, esters amides, and acids was effectively achieved and that alkyl substituents at the reactive β-centre can be accommodated. Similarly, cyclic enones undergo efficient Se-addition and the corresponding adducts were isolated in moderate to good yield. Vinyl sulfones, α,β-unsaturated nitriles, and chalcones are not compatible with these reaction conditions. A recycling experiment demonstrated that the unreacted Zn/HCl reducing system can be effectively reused for seven reaction cycles (91% conversion yield at the 7° recycling rounds).
Biofilm Eradication Using Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Estevez María Belén , Raffaelli Sofía , Mitchell Scott G. , Faccio Ricardo , Alborés Silvana
Published: April 2020

Microorganisms offer an alternative green and scalable technology for the synthesis of value added products. Fungi secrete high quantities of bioactive substances, which play dual-functional roles as both reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of colloidal metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles, which display potent antimicrobial properties that can be harnessed for a number of industrial applications. The aim of this work was the production of silver nanoparticles using the extracellular cell free extracts of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and to evaluate their activity as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. The 45–nm diameter silver nanoparticles synthesized using this methodology possessed a high negative surface charge close to −30 mV and showed colloidal stability from pH 3–9 and under conditions of high ionic strength ([NaCl] = 10–500 mM). A combination of environmental SEM, TEM, and confocal Raman microscopy was used to study the nanoparticle-E. coli interactions to gain a first insight into their antimicrobial mechanisms. Raman data demonstrate a significant decrease in the fatty acid content of E. coli cells, which suggests a loss of the cell membrane integrity after exposure to the PchNPs, which is also commensurate with ESEM and TEM images. Additionally, these biogenic PchNPs displayed biofilm disruption activity for the eradication of E. coli and C. albicans biofilms.
Preclinical Incorporation Dosimetry of [18F]FACH—A Novel 18F-Labeled MCT1/MCT4 Lactate Transporter Inhibitor for Imaging Cancer Metabolism with PET
Authors: Sattler Bernhard , Kranz Mathias , Wenzel Barbara , Jain Nalin T. , Moldovan Rareş-Petru , Toussaint Magali , Deuther-Conrad Winnie , Ludwig Friedrich-Alexander , Teodoro Rodrigo , Sattler Tatjana , Sadeghzadeh Masoud , Sabri Osama , Brust Peter
Published: April 2020

Overexpression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) has been shown for a variety of human cancers (e.g., colon, brain, breast, and kidney) and inhibition resulted in intracellular lactate accumulation, acidosis, and cell death. Thus, MCTs are promising targets to investigate tumor cancer metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET). Here, the organ doses (ODs) and the effective dose (ED) of the first 18F-labeled MCT1/MCT4 inhibitor were estimated in juvenile pigs. Whole-body dosimetry was performed in three piglets (age: ~6 weeks, weight: ~13–15 kg). The animals were anesthetized and subjected to sequential hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (PET/CT) up to 5 h after an intravenous (iv) injection of 156 ± 54 MBq [18F]FACH. All relevant organs were defined by volumes of interest. Exponential curves were fitted to the time–activity data. Time and mass scales were adapted to the human order of magnitude and the ODs calculated using the ICRP 89 adult male phantom with OLINDA 2.1. The ED was calculated using tissue weighting factors as published in Publication 103 of the International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP103). The highest organ dose was received by the urinary bladder (62.6 ± 28.9 µSv/MBq), followed by the gall bladder (50.4 ± 37.5 µSv/MBq) and the pancreas (30.5 ± 27.3 µSv/MBq). The highest contribution to the ED was by the urinary bladder (2.5 ± 1.1 µSv/MBq), followed by the red marrow (1.7 ± 0.3 µSv/MBq) and the stomach (1.3 ± 0.4 µSv/MBq). According to this preclinical analysis, the ED to humans is 12.4 µSv/MBq when applying the ICRP103 tissue weighting factors. Taking into account that preclinical dosimetry underestimates the dose to humans by up to 40%, the conversion factor applied for estimation of the ED to humans would rise to 20.6 µSv/MBq. In this case, the ED to humans upon an iv application of ~300 MBq [18F]FACH would be about 6.2 mSv. This risk assessment encourages the translation of [18F]FACH into clinical study phases and the further investigation of its potential as a clinical tool for cancer imaging with PET.
Quantitative Determination and Validation of Four Ketones in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Using Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Hou Zhuoni , Su Feng , Chen Jipeng , Zhang Xiaodan , Xu Ling , Yang Dongfeng , Liang Zongsuo
Published: April 2020

Salvia mltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) is native to China, whose dried root has been used as medicine. A few chromatographic- or spectrometric-based methods have already been used to analyze the lipid-soluble components in SMB. However, the methodology of qNMR on the extracts of fresh SMB root has not been verified so far. The purpose of this study was to establish a fast and simple method to quantify the tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone in fresh Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge root without any pre-purification steps using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The process is as follows: first, 70% methanol aqueous extracts of fresh Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge roots were quantitatively analyzed for tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Different internal standards were tested and the validated method was compared with HPLC. 3,4,5-trichloropyridine was chosen as the internal standard. Twelve samples of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge were quantitatively analyzed by qNMR and HPLC respectively. Then, the results were analyzed by chemometric approaches. This NMR method offers a fast, stable, and accurate analysis of four ketones: tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone in fresh roots of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge.
Imperatorin as a Promising Chemotherapeutic Agent against Human Larynx Cancer and Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Authors: Grabarska Aneta , Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna , Kiełbus Michał , Dmoszyńska-Graniczka Magdalena , Miziak Paulina , Szumiło Justyna , Nowosadzka Ewa , Kowalczuk Krystyna , Khalifa Sherief , Smok-Kalwat Jolanta , Klatka Janusz , Kupisz Krzysztof , Polberg Krzysztof , Rivero-Müller Adolfo , Stepulak Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Naturally occurring coumarins are bioactive compounds widely used in Asian traditional medicine. They have been shown to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and/or enhance the cytotoxicity of currently used drugs against a variety of cancer cell types. The aim of our study was to examine the antiproliferative activity of different linear furanocoumarins on human rhabdomyosarcoma, lung, and larynx cancer cell lines, and dissolve their cellular mechanism of action. The coumarins were isolated from fruits of Angelica archangelica L. or Pastinaca sativa L., and separated using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC). The identity and purity of isolated compounds were confirmed by HPLC-DAD and NMR analyses. Cell viability and toxicity assessments were performed by means of methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, respectively. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle progression were measured using flow cytometry analysis. qPCR method was applied to detect changes in gene expression. Linear furanocoumarins in a dose-dependent manner inhibited proliferation of cancer cells with diverse activity regarding compounds and cancer cell type specificity. Imperatorin (IMP) exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory effects against human rhabdomyosarcoma and larynx cancer cell lines owing to inhibition of the cell cycle progression connected with specific changes in gene expression, including CDKN1A. As there are no specific chemotherapy treatments dedicated to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, and IMP seems to be non-toxic for normal cells, our results could open a new direction in the search for effective anti-cancer agents.
Recent Advances in the Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Guinan Mieke , Benckendorff Caecilie , Smith Mark , Miller Gavin J.
Published: April 2020

Nucleoside analogues have proven to be highly successful chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers. Several such compounds, including gemcitabine and cytarabine, are the go-to option in first-line treatments. However, these materials do have limitations and the development of next generation compounds remains a topic of significant interest and necessity. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of nucleoside analogues as potential anticancer agents. Focus is paid to 4′-heteroatom substitution of the furanose oxygen, 2′-, 3′-, 4′- and 5′-position ring modifications and the development of new prodrug strategies for these materials.
Coumarins as Powerful Photosensitizers for the Cationic Polymerization of Epoxy-Silicones under Near-UV and Visible Light and Applications for 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Abdallah Mira , Hijazi Akram , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques
Published: April 2020

In this study, eight coumarins (coumarins 1–8) are proposed as near-UV and blue light sensitive photoinitiators/photosensitizers for the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxysilicones when combined with 4-isopropyl-4’-methyldiphenyliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (IOD). Among these coumarins, four of them (coumarins 1, 2, 6 and 8) have never been reported in the literature, i.e., these structures have been specifically designed to act as photoinitiators for silicones upon near UV and visible irradiation. Good final reactive epoxy function conversions (FCs) and also high rates of polymerization (Rp) were achieved in the presence of the newly proposed coumarin-based systems. The polymers generated from the photopolymerization of epoxysilicones can be considered as attractive candidates for several applications such as: elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and so on. The goal of this study focuses also on the comparison of the new proposed coumarins with well-established photosensitizers i.e., 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone (CPTX), 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene (DBA) or some commercial coumarins (Com. Coum). As example of their high performance, the new proposed coumarins were also used for laser write experiments upon irradiation with a laser diode at 405 nm in order to develop new cationic 3D printing systems.