bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of spontaneous intracranial hypotension on social life and health-related quality of life
Authors: Jesse Christopher Marvin , Häni Levin , Fung Christian , Ulrich Christian Thomas , Schär Ralph T. , Dobrocky Tomas , Piechowiak Eike Immo , Goldberg Johannes , Schankin Christoph , Sintonen Harri , Beck Jürgen , Raabe Andreas
Published: June 2022

Objective

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), which is often caused by a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak, is an important cause of disabling headaches. Many patients report devastating changes in their quality of life because of their symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SIH on patients’ social/ working life and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

We included consecutive patients with proven SIH treated at our institution from January 2013 to May 2020. Patients were contacted and asked to complete the 15D questionnaire for the collection of HRQoL data and to provide additional information on their social life status.

Results

Of 112 patients, 79 (70.5%) returned the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Of those, 69 were treated surgically (87.3%), and 10 were managed non-operatively (12.7%). Twenty-five (31.6%) patients reported a severe impact on their partnership, 32 (41.5%) reported a moderate or severe impact on their social life. Forty (54.8%) patients reported sick leave for more than 3 months. The mean 15D score was 0.890 (± 0.114) and significantly impaired compared to an age- and sex-matched general population (p = 0.001), despite treatment. Patients with residual SIH-symptoms (36, 45.6%) had significantly impaired HRQoL compared to those without any residual symptoms (41, 51.9%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SIH had a notable impact on the patients’ social life and HRQoL. It caused long periods of incapacity for work, and is therefore, associated with high economic costs. Although all patients were appropriately treated, reduced HRQoL persisted after treatment, underlining the chronic character of this disease.
Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Meuffels Stephanie A. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Tjoa Stephen T. H. , Bonifacio Clarissa C. , Carvajal Monroy Paola L.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for orthodontic treatment by quantifying the Discrepancy Index (DI) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Materials and methods

Dental records of 48 ASD and 49 non-ASD consecutive patients aged between 9 and 18 years (median age 13.0 years) referred for orthodontic treatment were reviewed and compared. The Discrepancy Index (DI) was quantified to determine the malocclusion complexity, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including the Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) and Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), was quantified to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U tests, and several univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The results show that both malocclusion complexity (DI, p = 0.0010) and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC, p = 0.0025; IOTN-AC p = 0.0009) were significantly higher in children with ASD. Furthermore, children with ASD had a higher prevalence of increased overjet (p = .0016) and overbite (p = .031).

Conclusions

Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need are statistically significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD, independent of age and sex.

Clinical relevance

Children with autism may benefit from visits to a dental specialist (orthodontist) to prevent, to some extent, developing malocclusions from an early age.
High-order interpolatory Serendipity Virtual Element Method for semilinear parabolic problems
Authors: Gómez Sergio A.
Published: June 2022

We present an efficient method for the numerical approximation of a general class of two dimensional semilinear parabolic problems on polygonal meshes. The proposed approach takes advantage of the properties of the serendipity version of the Virtual Element Method, which not only reduces the number of degrees of freedom compared to the original Virtual Element Method, but also allows for the introduction of an approximation of the nonlinear term that is computable from the degrees of freedom of the discrete solution with a low computational cost, thus significantly improving the efficiency of the method. An error analysis for the semi-discrete formulation is carried out, and an optimal estimate for the error in the $$L_2$$

L
2

-norm is obtained. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method when combined with a second order Strang operator splitting time discretization is illustrated in our numerical experiments, with approximations up to order 6.
Impact of ventricular arrhythmia management on suboptimal biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: van den Bruck Jan-Hendrik , Middeldorp Melissa , Sultan Arian , Scheurlen Cornelia , Seuthe Katharina , Wörmann Jonas , Filipovic Karlo , Kadhim Kadhim , Sanders Prashanthan , Steven Daniel , Lüker Jakob
Published: June 2022

Background

Reduced biventricular pacing (BiVP) is a common phenomenon in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with impact on CRT-response and patients’ prognosis. Data on treatment strategies for patients with ventricular arrhythmia and BiVP reduction is sparse. We sought to assess the effects of ventricular arrhythmia treatment on BiVP.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, the data of CRT patients with a reduced BiVP ≤ 97% due to ventricular arrhythmia were analyzed. Catheter ablation or intensified medical therapy was performed to optimize BiVP.

Results

We included 64 consecutive patients (73 ± 10 years, 89% male, LVEF 30 ± 7%). Of those, 22/64 patients (34%) underwent ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and 15/64 patients (23%) underwent ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation while 27/64 patients (42%) received intensified medical treatment. Baseline BiVP was 88.1% ± 10.9%. An overall increase in BiVP percentage points of 8.8% (range − 5 to + 47.6%) at 6-month follow-up was achieved. No changes in left ventricular function were observed but improvement in BiVP led to an improvement in NYHA class in 24/64 patients (38%). PVC ablation led to a significantly better improvement in BiVP [9.9% (range 4 to 22%) vs. 3.2% (range − 5 to + 10.7%); p =  < 0.001] and NYHA class (12/22 patients vs. 4/27 patients; p = 0.003) than intensified medical therapy. All patients with VT and reduced BiVP underwent VT ablation with an increase of BiVP of 16.3 ± 13.4%.

Conclusion

In this evaluation of ventricular arrhythmia treatment aiming for CRT optimization, both medical therapy and catheter ablation were shown to be effective. Compared to medical therapy, a higher increase in BiVP was observed after PVC ablation, and more patients improved in NYHA class.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study was registered at clinical trials.org in August 2019: NCT04065893.
Controllable Si oxidation mediated by annealing temperature and atmosphere
Authors: Li Feitao , Wang Dong , Klingenhof Malte , Flock Dominik , Wang Honglei , Strasser Peter , Schaaf Peter
Published: June 2022

The morphology evolution by thermal annealing induced dewetting of gold (Au) thin films on silicon (Si) substrates with a native oxide layer and its dependences on annealing temperature and atmosphere are investigated. Both dewetting degree of thin film and Au/Si interdiffusion extent are enhanced with the annealing temperature. Au/Si interdiffusion can be observed beyond 800 °C and Au–Si droplets form in both argon and oxygen (Ar + O2) and argon and hydrogen (Ar + H2) environments. In Ar + O2 case, the passive oxidation (Si + O2 → SiO2) of diffused Si happens and thick silicon oxide (SiOx) covering layers are formed. A high temperature of 1050 °C can even activate the outward growth of free-standing SiOx nanowires from droplets. Similarly, annealing at 800 °C under Ar + H2 situation also enables the slight Si passive oxidation, resulting in the formation of stripe-like SiOx areas. However, higher temperatures of 950–1050 °C in Ar + H2 environment initiate both the SiOx decomposition and the Si active oxidation (2Si + O2 → 2SiO(g)), and the formation of solid SiOx is absent, leading to the only formation of isolated Au–Si droplets at elevated temperatures and droplets evolve to particles presenting two contrasts due to the Au/Si phase separation upon cooling.
Enhancing vibration mitigation in a Jeffcott rotor with active magnetic bearings through parametric excitation
Authors: Kraus Zacharias , Karev Artem , Hagedorn Peter , Dohnal Fadi
Published: June 2022

In previous studies of linear rotary systems with active magnetic bearings, parametric excitation was introduced as an open-loop control strategy. The parametric excitation was realized by a periodic, in-phase variation of the bearing stiffness. At the difference between two of the eigenfrequencies of the system, a stabilizing effect, called anti-resonance, was found numerically and validated in experiments. In this work, preliminary results of further exploration of the parametric excitation are shared. A Jeffcott rotor with two active magnetic bearings and a disk is investigated. Using Floquet theory, a deeper insight into the dynamic behavior of the system is obtained. Aiming at a further increase of stability, a phase difference between excitation terms is introduced.
Isovolumetric adaptations to space-filling design of experiments
Authors: Komeilizadeh Koushyar , Kaps Arne , Duddeck Fabian
Published: June 2022

A brief review of methods in design of experiments and criteria to determine space-filling properties of a set of samples is given. Subsequently, the so-called curse of dimensionality in sampling is reviewed and used as motivation for the proposal of an adaptation to the strata creation process in Latin hypercube sampling based on the idea of nested same-sized hypervolumes. The proposed approach places samples closer to design space boundaries, where in higher dimensions the majority of the design space volume is located. The same idea is introduced for Monte Carlo considering an affordable number of samples as an a-posteriori transformation. Both ideas are studied on different algorithms and compared using different distance-based space-filling criteria. The proposed new sampling approach then enables more efficient sampling for optimization especially for high-dimensional problems, i.e. for problems with a high number of design variables.
Plant functional type affects nitrogen dynamics in urban park soils similarly to boreal forest soils
Authors: Lu Changyi , Kotze D. Johan , Setälä Heikki M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Although plant functional type can modulate soils and their processes in natural, nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems, little is known about their ability to influence soil N dynamics in urban ecosystems that have high excess N input. We investigated whether i) plant functional type effects on soil N dynamics in urban parks follow the same pattern as those in undisturbed natural/semi-natural forests, and ii) park age influences plant functional type effects on soil N dynamics under boreal climate.

Methods

We selected 13 urban parks of varying ages (young: 10 to 15, old: > 70 years), and 5 undisturbed natural/semi-natural forests (> 80 years) in southern Finland. In these parks and forests, we measured soil total N concentration, availability of inorganic N, nitrous oxide (N2O) flux and earthworm biomass under three plant functional types (evergreen tree, deciduous tree, lawn).

Results

Our results showed that plant functional type influenced N dynamics also in urban greenspace soils, which may relate to the clear effect of plant functional type on earthworm biomass. Evergreen trees tended to have the highest ability to foster N accumulation and reduce N2O emissions in urban parks. Moreover, with increasing park age, N accumulation increased under trees but decreased under lawns, further emphasising the role of vegetation in affecting soil N dynamics in urban greenspaces.

Conclusions

Our results show that, similar to natural/semi-natural forests, plant functional type, irrespective of park age, can influence soil N dynamics in urban parks.
Bioavailability of inhaled or ingested PFOA adsorbed to house dust
Authors: Gustafsson Åsa , Wang Bei , Gerde Per , Bergman Åke , Yeung Leo W. Y.
Published: June 2022

Indoor environments may impact human health due to chemical pollutants in the indoor air and house dust. This study aimed at comparing the bioavailability and distribution of PFOA following both an inhalation and an oral exposure to PFOA coated house dust in rats. In addition, extractable organofluorine (EOF) was measured in different tissue samples to assess any potential influence of other organofluorine compounds in the experimental house dust. Blood samples were collected at sequential time points after exposure and at the time of termination; the lungs, liver, and kidney were collected for quantification of PFOA and EOF. The concentration of PFOA in plasma increased rapidly in both exposure groups attaining a Cmaxat 3 h post exposure. The Cmaxfollowing inhalation was four times higher compared to oral exposures. At 48 h post exposure, the levels of PFOA in the plasma, liver, and kidney were twice as high from inhalation exposures. This shows that PFOA is readily bioavailable and has a rapid systemic distribution following an inhalation or oral exposure to house dust coated with PFOA. The proportion of PFOA to EOF corresponded to 65–71% and 74–87% in plasma and tissues, respectively. The mass balance between EOF and target PFOA indicates that there might be other unknown PFAS precursor and/or fluorinated compounds that co-existed in the house dust sample that can have accumulated in rats.
Solidaritätsorientierungen und soziale Positionen. Klassenhabituelle Haltungen zu Sozialstaat und Geflüchteten in Österreich
Authors: Altreiter Carina , Flecker Jörg , Papouschek Ulrike
Published: June 2022

Auf Basis qualitativer Daten untersucht der Beitrag, welche Bedeutung der Klassenlage für die in der österreichischen Gesellschaft vorzufindenden Solidaritätsorientierungen zukommt, v.a. im Hinblick auf sozialstaatliche Arrangements und die Solidarität mit Geflüchteten. Das empirische Material wurde in einer zwischen 2016 und 2019 durchgeführten Studie in Österreich erhoben und umfasst insgesamt 48 Interviews. Die Aussagen werden zunächst mithilfe einer Heuristik von fünf Solidaritätsdimensionen zu einer Typologie von sieben Solidaritätskonfigurationen systematisiert und daraufhin im Hinblick auf die Relevanz der jeweiligen Klassenlage der Befragten differenziert. Mit Rekurs auf Bourdieu wird dabei nicht nur auf die objektive Klassenlage Bezug genommen, sondern auch auf die latenten Wirkungsmechanismen der Klassenherkunft im Sinne eines Klassenhabitus. Auf diese Weise kann sowohl bei nicht-privilegierten als auch bei privilegierten Befragten gezeigt werden, wie die jeweiligen Solidaritätskonfigurationen von der Klassenzugehörigkeit beeinflusst, wenn auch nicht determiniert sind. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich aufschlussreiche Unterschiede v.a. in Hinsicht auf Reichweite, Bedingungen und Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien der jeweiligen Solidaritätsorientierung. Es wird deutlich, dass der Fokus auf Klasse das Verständnis von Ein- und Ausschlüssen im Hinblick auf die sozialstaatliche Solidargemeinschaft plausibilisiert.
Is the relation between family background and obtaining an Abitur mediated by malleable motivational variables?
Authors: Molitor Katharina , Fabian Paul , Thums Kathrin , McElvany Nele
Published: June 2022

The present study examined the relation between family background variables, motivational factors, and educational attainment (defined as obtaining the highest form of school-leaving certificate in Germany—the Abitur) among students who attended Gymnasium. A multifaceted concept of both family background variables (parental educational level, parental occupational status, and immigrant background) and motivational factors (expectation of success, value of education, effort, and performance-oriented motivation) was applied. Structural equation models were estimated using longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; N = 5409 students). The results showed that the relation between family background variables and obtaining an Abitur was smaller when motivational factors were included. The mediation model results suggest that focusing on breaking the link between parental education and students’ expectations for success would be helpful for reducing educational inequality.
Amplifying actions for food system transformation: insights from the Stockholm region
Authors: Lam David P. M. , Jiménez-Aceituno Amanda , Guerrero Lara Leonie , Sellberg My M. , Norström Albert V. , Moore Michele-Lee , Peterson Garry D. , Olsson Per
Published: June 2022

Food is essential to people and is one of the main ways in which people are connected to the world’s ecosystems. However, food systems often cause ecosystem degradation and produce ill-health, which has generated increasing calls to transform food systems to be more sustainable. The Swedish food system is currently undergoing substantial change. A varied set of local actors have created alternative sustainability initiatives that enact new ways of doing, thinking, and organizing. These actors can increase the transformative impact of their initiatives through multiple actions and a variety of amplification processes. We analyzed the actions adopted by 29 food initiatives active in the Stockholm region using information available online. We conducted 11 interviews to better understand the amplification processes of speeding up (i.e., accelerating impact), scaling up (i.e., influencing higher institutional levels), and scaling deep (i.e., changing values and mind-sets). Our results indicated that the initiatives mainly seek to stabilize and grow their impact while changing the awareness, values, and mind-sets of people concerning the food they consume (scaling deep). However, these approaches raise new questions about whether these actions subvert or reinforce current unsustainable and inequitable system dynamics. We suggest there are distinct steps that local and regional governments could take to support these local actors via collaborations with coordinated forms of initiatives, and fostering changes at the municipality level, but these steps require ongoing, adaptive approaches given the highly complex nature of transformative change and the risks of reinforcing current system dynamics.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Related Variants in a Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Cohort
Authors: Dunn P. J. , Harvey N. R. , Maksemous N. , Smith R. A. , Sutherland H. G. , Haupt L. M. , Griffiths L. R.
Published: June 2022

Monogenic forms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can be caused by both variants in nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is known to have a phenotype similar to Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Sub-cortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and can be caused by variants in the mitochondrial genome and in several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein (NEMP) genes. The aim of this study was to screen for variants in the mitochondrial genome and NEMP genes in aNOTCH3-negative CADASIL cohort, to identify a potential link between mitochondrial dysfunction and CSVD pathology. Whole exome sequencing was performed for 50 patients with CADASIL-like symptomology on the Ion Torrent system. Mitochondrial sequencing was performed using an in-house designed protocol with sequencing run on the Ion GeneStudio S5 Plus (S5 +). NEMP genes and mitochondrial sequencing data were examined for rare (MAF < 0.001), non-synonymous variants that were predicted to have a deleterious effect on the protein. We identified 29 candidate NEMP variants that had links to either MELAS-, encephalopathy-, or Alzheimer’s disease–related phenotypes. Based on these changes, variants affectingPOLG,MTO1,LONP1,NDUFAF6,NDUFB3, andTCIRG1were thought to play a potential role in CSVD pathology in this cohort. Overall, the exploration of the mitochondrial genome identified a potential role for mitochondrial related proteins and mtDNA variants contributing to CSVD pathologies.
Archetypes of open-source business models
Authors: Duparc Estelle , Möller Frederik , Jussen Ilka , Stachon Maleen , Algac Sükran , Otto Boris
Published: June 2022

The open-source paradigm offers a plethora of opportunities for innovative business models (BMs) as the underlying codebase of the technology is accessible and extendable by external developers. However, finding the proper configuration of open-source business models (OSBMs) is challenging, as existing literature gives guidance through commonly used BMs but does not describe underlying design elements. The present study generates a taxonomy following an iterative development process based on established guidelines by analyzing 120 OSBMs to complement the taxonomy's conceptually-grounded design elements. Then, a cluster-based approach is used to develop archetypes derived from dominant features. The results show that OSBMs can be classified into seven archetypical patterns: open-source platform BM, funding-based BM, infrastructure BM, Open Innovation BM, Open Core BM, proprietary-like BM, and traditional open-source software (OSS) BM. The results can act as a starting point for further investigation regarding the use of the open-source paradigm in the era of digital entrepreneurship. Practitioners can find guidance in designing OSBMs.
“You see things that you wouldn’t have seen otherwise”: enabling elementary preservice teachers to share different ways of seeing mathematics
Authors: Alderton Julie , Ineson Gwen , Donaldson Gina , Rowland Tim , Voutsina Chronoula , Wilson Kirsty
Published: June 2022

Finding opportunities for elementary preservice teachers to engage in mathematics for themselves and to collaborate in their enquiries was the focus of this study, carried out at two English Universities. Preservice teachers on 1-year postgraduate programmes engaged in shared mathematics enquiry, with a focus on growing patterns. We conducted interviews with 15 preservice teachers and analysed the interview data alongside their subsequent lesson plans and lesson evaluations. We explored the awarenesses that emerged through deliberate retrospective analysis of sharing what others were seeing and how this influenced their prospective thinking about their own teaching. Our findings indicate that even when preservice teachers struggle to make sense of what others are seeing, they recognise that some approaches may be more efficient or insightful than others, and that listening to others’ ideas is a powerful learning opportunity for teachers and children. This has implications for initial teacher education programmes internationally. There is value in providing preservice teachers with opportunities to engage with mathematics as a shared experience, and in enabling and supporting deliberate retrospective and prospective reflection of this activity.
Sequential removal of chromium (VI) and prednisolone by nanobiochar- enriched-diamine derivative
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed E. , El-Ghanam Abdel Moneim , Saad Shaimaa R.
Published: June 2022

Biochars are biosorbents made from a wide range of agricultural or animal residues that involve functional groups to enable binding with different species. In the current work, pyrolysis of artichoke leaves was done to generate nanobiochar (NanoBch) and enriched with ethylenediamine (EDA) as nitrogen-rich derivative to yield (NanoBch-EDA). This was characterized by different techniques and compared with NanoBch. The evaluated NanoBch-EDA showed promising removal performance under optimized conditions of contact time, nanosorbent dosage, initial concentration of Pn and Cr(VI), pH, temperature, and interfering ions. The elimination processes of Pn and Cr(VI) onto (NanoBch-EDA) by four isotherm models (Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevitch, Temkin, and Freundlich) were discussed. In Pn elimination process, the Langmuir model achieved (R2 = 0.99) as the highest correlation coefficient. Otherwise, the Freundlich (R2 = 0.98) was the applicable model in Cr(VI) elimination. The values of maximum capacity qmax (mg g−1) for adsorption of Pn and Cr(VI) onto NanoBch-EDA were 21.93 and 79.37 mg g−1, respectively. Based on the obtained R2 (0.999), the pseudo-second-order model was shown to be the superlative match for describing the elimination of Pn and Cr(VI) by NanoBch-EDA. The reaction was stated as spontaneous and endothermic based on parameters signs and values obtained from thermodynamic studies. NanoBch-EDA (60 mg) was found highly effective in extracting 95.0%, 90.0%, and 92.0% of Pn (25 mg L−1) from tap, waste, and sea water, respectively, while 20 mg of NanoBch-EDA removed 96.0%, 94.6%, and 97.3% of Cr(VI) 10 mg L−1 from tap, waste, and sea water, respectively.
Fluidized bed steam cracking of rapeseed oil: exploring the direct production of the molecular building blocks for the plastics industry
Authors: Mandviwala Chahat , González-Arias Judith , Seemann Martin , Berdugo Vilches Teresa , Thunman Henrik
Published: June 2022

Fossil-based production of plastics represents a serious sustainability challenge. The use of renewable and biogenic resources as feedstocks in the plastic industry is imminent. Thermochemical conversion enables the production of the molecular building blocks of plastic materials from widely available biogenic resources. Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents a significant fraction of these resources. This work provides insights into the thermochemical conversion of the fatty acids present in WCO, where rapeseed oil is used as the source of fatty acids. The experimental results reveal that fluidized bed steam cracking of rapeseed oil in the temperature range of 650–750 °C yields a product distribution rich in light olefins and mono aromatics. Up to 51% of light olefins, 15% of mono aromatics, and 13% of light paraffins were recovered through steam cracking. This means that up to 70% of the carbon in rapeseed oil was converted into molecular building blocks in a single step. The main conclusion from this study is that WCO and vegetable oils represent viable biogenic feedstocks for the direct production of the molecular building blocks, where the conversion is achieved through steam cracking in fluidized beds.

Graphical abstract
Metallogenic models as the key to successful exploration — a review and trends
Authors: Pohl Walter L.
Published: June 2022

Metallogeny is the science of ore and mineral deposit formation in geological space and time. Metallogeny is interdisciplinary by nature, comprising elements of natural science disciplines such as planetology to solid state physics and chemistry, and volcanology. It is the experimental forefront of research and bold thinking, based on an ever-growing foundation of solid knowledge. Therefore, metallogeny is not a closed system of knowledge but a fast-growing assemblage of structured and unstructured information in perpetual flux. This paper intends to review its current state and trends. The latter may introduce speculation and fuzziness. Metallogeny has existed for over 100 years as a branch of Earth Science. From the discovery of plate tectonics (ca. 1950) to the end of the last century, metallogeny passed through a worldwide phase of formally published ‘metallogenetic’ maps. In the last decades, a rapidly growing number of scientists, digitization and splendid new tools fundamentally boosted research. More innovations may be expected by the growing use of an evolving systematic ‘Geodata Science’ for metallogenic research by an increasingly global human talent pool. Future requirements for metallic and mineral raw materials, especially the critical natural elements and compounds that are needed for the nascent carbon-free economy, already drive activities on stock markets and in the resource industry. State geological surveys, academia and private companies embrace the challenges. The new age requires intensified metallogenic backing. In this paper, principles of metallogeny are recalled concerning concepts and terms. A metallogenic classification of ore and mineral deposits is proposed, and the intimate relations of metallogenesis with geodynamics are sketched (ancient lid tectonics and modern plate tectonics). Metallogenic models assemble a great diversity of data that allow an ever better understanding of ore formation, foremost by illuminating the geological source-to-trap migration of ore metals, the petrogenetic and geodynamic–tectonic setting, the spatial architecture of ore deposits and the nature and precise timing of involved processes. Applied metallogeny allows companies to choose strategy and tactics for exploration investment and for planning the work. Based on comprehensive metallogenic knowledge, mineral system analysis (MSA) selects those elements of complex metallogenic models, which are detectable and can guide exploration in order to support applications such as mineral prospectivity mapping, mineral potential evaluation and targeting of detailed investigations. MSA founded on metallogenic models can be applied across whole continents, or at the scale of regional greenfield search, or in brownfields at district to camp scale. By delivering the fundamental keys for MSA, supported by unceasing innovative research, the stream of new metallogenic insights is essential for improving endowment estimates and for successful exploration.
Time evolution of superoscillations for the Schrödinger equation on $${\mathbb {R}}\setminus \{0\}$$
Authors: Schlosser Peter
Published: June 2022

In quantum mechanics, superoscillations, or the more general supershifts, appear as initial conditions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Already in [5], a unified approach was developed, which yields time persistence of the supershift property under certain holomorphicity and growth assumptions on the corresponding Green’s function. While that theory considers the Schrödinger equation on the whole real line $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
, this paper takes the natural next step and considers $$\mathbb {R}\setminus \{0\}$$

R
\
{
0
}

, while allowing boundary conditions at $$x=0^\pm $$

x
=

0
±

. In particular, the singular $$\frac{1}{x^2}$$

1

x
2

-potential as well as the very important $$\delta $$
δ
and $$\delta '$$

δ
′

distributional potentials are covered.
Telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB): standardization for the Italian population and clinical usability in neurological diseases
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Pucci Veronica , Diana Lorenzo , Niang Aida , Preti Alice Naomi , Delli Ponti Adriana , Sangalli Gaia , Scarano Stefano , Tesio Luigi , Zago Stefano , Difonzo Teresa , Appollonio Ildebrando , Mondini Sara , Bolognini Nadia
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite the relevance of telephone-based cognitive screening tests in clinical practice and research, no specific test assessing executive functioning is available. The present study aimed at standardizing and providing evidence of clinical usability for the Italian telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB).

Methods

The t-FAB (ranging 0–12), comprising two subtests, has two versions: one requiring motor responses (t-FAB-M) and the other verbal responses (t-FAB-V). Three hundred and forty-six Italian healthy adults (HPs; 143 males; age range = 18–96 years; education range = 4–23 years) and 40 participants with neurological diseases were recruited. To HPs, the t-FAB was administered along with a set of telephone-based tests: MMSE, verbal fluency (VF), backward digit span (BDS). The in-person version of the FAB was administered to both HPs and clinical groups. Factorial structure, construct validity, inter-rater and test–retest reliability, t-FAB-M vs. t-FAB-V equivalence and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. Norms were derived via Equivalent Scores.

Results

In HPs, t-FAB measures yielded high inter-rater/test–retest reliability (ICC = .78–.94), were internally related (p ≤ .005) and underpinned by a single component, converging with the telephone-based MMSE, VF, BDS (p ≤ .0013). The two t-FAB versions were statistically equivalent in clinical groups (ps of both equivalence bounds < .001). Education predicted all t-FAB scores (p < .001), whereas age only the t-FAB-M score (p ≤ .004). t-FAB scores converge with the in-person FAB in HPs and clinical groups (rs = .43–.78). Both t-FAB versions were accurate in discriminating HPs from the clinical cohort (AUC = .73-.76).

Discussion

The t-FAB is a normed, valid, reliable and clinically usable telephone-based cognitive screening test to adopt in both clinical and research practice.
Towards a multiscale QoE assessment of mediated social communication
Authors: Toet Alexander , Mioch Tina , Gunkel Simon N. B. , Niamut Omar , van Erp Jan B. F.
Published: June 2022

Modern immersive multisensory communication systems can provide compelling mediated social communication experiences that approach face-to-facecommunication. Existing methods to assess the quality of mediated social communication experiences are typically targeted at specific tasks or communication technologies. As a result, they do not address all relevant aspects of social presence (i.e., the feeling of being in the presence of, and having an affective and intellectual connection with, other persons). Also, they are typically unsuitable for application to social communication in virtual (VR), augmented (AR), or mixed (MR) reality. We propose a comprehensive, general, and holistic multi-scale (questionnaire-based) approach, based on an established conceptual framework for multisensory perception, to measure the quality of mediated social communication experiences. Our holistic approach to mediated social communication (H-MSC) assessment comprises both the experience of Spatial Presence (i.e., the perceived fidelity, internal and external plausibility, and cognitive, reasoning, and behavioral affordances of an environment) and the experience of Social Presence (i.e., perceived mutual proximity, intimacy, credibility, reasoning, and behavior of the communication partners). Since social presence is inherently bidirectional (involving a sense of mutual awareness) the multiscale approach measures both the internal (‘own’) and external (‘the other’) assessment perspectives. We also suggest how an associated multiscale questionnaire (the Holistic Mediated Social Communication Questionnaire or H-MSC-Q) could be formulated in an efficient and parsimonious way, using only a single item to tap into each of the relevant processing levels in the human brain: sensory, emotional, cognitive, reasoning, and behavioral. The H-MSC-Q can be sufficiently general to measure social presence experienced with any (including VR, AR, and MR) multi-sensory (visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory) mediated communication system. Preliminary validation studies confirm the content and face validity of the H-MSC-Q. In this paper, we focus on the underlying concepts of the H-MSC-Q. We make the initial draft questionnaire available to the community for further review, development, and validation. We hope it may contribute to the unification of quality measures for mediated social communication.
Extensions of hermitian linear functionals
Authors: Burderi Fabio , Trapani Camillo , Triolo Salvatore
Published: June 2022

We study, from a quite general point of view, the family of all extensions of a positive hermitian linear functional$$\omega $$ω, defined on a dense *-subalgebra$${\mathfrak {A}}_0$$A0of a topological *-algebra$${\mathfrak {A}}[\tau ]$$A[τ], with the aim of finding extensions that behave regularly. The sole constraint the extensions we are dealing with are required to satisfy is that their domain is a subspace of$$\overline{G(\omega )}$$G(ω)¯, the closure of the graph of$$\omega $$ω(these are the so-called slight extensions). The main results are two. The first is having characterized those elements of$${\mathfrak {A}}$$Afor which we can find a positive hermitian slight extension of$$\omega $$ω, giving the range of the possible values that the extension may assume on these elements; the second one is proving the existence of maximal positive hermitian slight extensions. We show as it is possible to apply these results in several contexts: Riemann integral, Infinite sums, and Dirac Delta.
Simultaneous Twinning and Microband-Induced Plasticity of a Compositionally Complex Alloy with Interstitial Carbon at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Tirunilai A. S. , Osmundsen R. , Baker I. , Chen H. , Weiss K.-P. , Heilmaier M. , Kauffmann A.
Published: June 2022

Intermediate to low stacking fault energy (SFE) high entropy alloys (HEA) have shown an excellent combination of strength and ductility as a result of deformation twinning and martensite transformation. However, even in the absence of these mechanisms HEA can show a good strength-ductility combination, as is the case with non-equiatomic (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1. The room temperature mechanical behavior of this alloy has been associated with Taylor lattice and microband formation. The current research focuses on tensile cryogenic deformation of this alloy and investigates if these features and/or alternate mechanisms like deformation twinning are obtained. Surprisingly, it is not one or the other but both deformation twinning and microband formation that are observed during cryogenic deformation. The activation of both deformation mechanisms is a combination that is not often reported as the former is generally associated with intermediate to low SFE alloys and the latter with intermediate to high SFE alloys. The activation of twinning in (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1 is attributed to the high yield stress-temperature variation, as a result of solid solution strengthening being far greater than in other commonly researched compositionally complex alloys. A ductility retention down to 4 K was observed, while simultaneously showing a significant increase in flow stress. Despite the intermediate to high SFE deformation behavior, (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1 exhibits excellent cryogenic strength-ductility combination.
Optimal consumption with Hindy–Huang–Kreps preferences under nonlinear expectations
Authors: Ferrari Giorgio , Li Hanwu , Riedel Frank
Published: June 2022

We study an intertemporal consumption and portfolio choice problem under Knightian uncertainty in which agent’s preferences exhibit local intertemporal substitution. We also allow for market frictions in the sense that the pricing functional is nonlinear. We prove existence and uniqueness of the optimal consumption plan, and we derive a set of sufficient first-order conditions for optimality. With the help of a backward equation, we are able to determine the structure of optimal consumption plans. We obtain explicit solutions in a stationary setting in which the financial market has different risk premia for short and long positions.
Prevalence of mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patanè Martina , Ghane Samrad , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Schoonmade Linda , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Sijbrandij Marit
Published: June 2022

Background

Studies have identified high rates of mental disorders in refugees, but most used self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we examined the percentages of adult refugees and asylum seekers meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder (BPD), and psychosis.

Methods

A systematic literature search in three databases was conducted. We included studies examining the prevalence of MDD, post-traumatic stress disorder, BPD, and psychosis in adult refugees according to a clinical diagnosis. To estimate the pooled prevalence rates, we performed a meta-analysis using the Meta-prop package in Stata (PROSPERO: CRD42018111778).

Results

We identified 7048 records and 40 studies (11 053 participants) were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rates were 32% (95% CI 26–39%; I2= 99%) for MDD, 31% (95% CI 25–38%; I2= 99.5%) for post-traumatic stress disorder, 5% (95% CI 2–9%; I2 = 97.7%) for BPD, and 1% (95% CI 1–2%; I2= 0.00%) for psychosis. Subgroup analyses showed significantly higher prevalence rates of MDD in studies conducted in low-middle income countries (47%; 95% CI 38–57%, p = 0.001) than high-income countries studies (28%; 95% CI 22–33%), and in studies which used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (37%; 95% CI 28–46% p = 0.05) compared to other diagnostic interviews (26%; 95% CI 20–33%). Studies among convenience samples reported significant (p = 0.001) higher prevalence rates of MDD (35%; 95% CI 23–46%) and PTSD (34%; 95% CI 22–47%) than studies among probability-based samples (MDD: 30%; 95% CI 21–39%; PTSD: 28%; 95% 19–37%).

Conclusions

This meta-analysis has shown a markedly high prevalence of mental disorders among refugees. Our results underline the devastating effects of war and violence, and the necessity to provide mental health intervention to address mental disorders among refugees. The results should be cautiously interpreted due to the high heterogeneity.
CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES AND MATERIAL CONNECTIONS IN LATE ROMAN NORTH-WESTERN CYPRUS AND BEYOND
Authors: Winther-Jacobsen Kristina
Published: June 2022

Drawing upon the mapping of ceramic distribution patterns, this article analyses the dynamics of the settlement pattern of the Late Roman hinterland of the Skouriotissa copper mine, the largest in Cyprus, and its relationship to the nearest city, Soli. This article contextualises the hinterland in relation to the copper-producing landscapes of Cyprus to the east and south, and supra-regionally in relation to the cities on the south coast of Asia Minor as well as chronologically and geographically in relation to the Early Roman ceramic zones defined by previous research. Although the regional coherence of the Hellenistic to Early Roman period is to some extent intact in the Late Roman period, the analysis suggests that the Late Roman hinterland of Skouriotissa demonstrates some organisational peculiarities for which an explanation is sought in the extraordinary resources of the region.
The role of linearity in sharing analysis
Authors: Amato Gianluca , Meo Maria Chiara , Scozzari Francesca
Published: June 2022

Sharing analysis is used to statically discover data structures which may overlap in object-oriented programs. Using the abstract interpretation framework, we show that sharing analysis greatly benefits from linearity information. A variable is linear in a program state when different field paths starting from it always reach different objects. We propose a graph-based abstract domain which can represent aliasing, linearity, and sharing information and define all the necessary abstract operators for the analysis of a Java-like language.
Vertical Land Motion of the High Plains Aquifer Region of the United States: Effect of Aquifer Confinement Style, Climate Variability, and Anthropogenic Activity
Authors: Overacker Justine , Hammond William C. , Blewitt Geoffrey , Kreemer Corné
Published: June 2022

We use GPS data to image vertical crustal velocities in the vicinity of the Great Plains physiographic province of the United States. In the southern Great Plains, we find crustal uplift of up to 2 mm/year in an area approximately 670 km × 280 km. This signal is spatially correlated with the area of greatest groundwater decline in the southern High Plains aquifer. To determine the uplift mechanism and its possible relation to aquifer depletion, we investigate changes in aquifer water content. Gravity data coupled with an elastic model show the uplift rate is consistent with hydrological unloading from anthropogenic aquifer depletion exacerbated by severe drought. Our model that encompasses two regions of greatest groundwater decline indicates a water volume loss of −5.1 km3/year is sufficient to match the observed signal. In other large aquifers, vertical crustal motions associated with groundwater depletion are often dominated by near‐field subsidence. Our results challenge the perception that vertical motions driven by aquifer depletion necessarily equate to near‐field subsidence. In the High Plains system, depletion causes near‐field uplift because of the combination of mass removal and the style of geologic reservoir. As current climate change models predict aggravated drought conditions in the southern Great Plains in the coming decades, we expect to see an increasing rate of uplift caused by groundwater depletion unless there is offsetting recharge or changes in water resource management.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of US Floods: Current Status and Forecast Under a Future Warmer Climate
Authors: Li Zhi , Gao Shang , Chen Mengye , Gourley Jonathan J. , Hong Yang
Published: June 2022

Floods in the US exhibit strong spatiotemporal variability, mainly controlled by precipitation types and catchment attributes. In a future warmer climate, it remains largely unclear how such features change, relative to the current climate. Global Climate Models at coarse resolution cannot resolve convective‐scale storms which is one of the major weather systems causing devastating floods in the US. Alternatively, coupled, high‐resolution and continental‐scale climate and flood simulations can advance our understanding. In this study, we couple a 4‐km convection‐permitting climate simulation model with a 1‐km hydrologic model to simulate the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and flooding over the contiguous US. In particular, changes in rainfall and flood frequency, spatial scale, and seasonality are explored in major climate divisions. We found: (a) an overall increase in flood frequency (+101.7%) and spatial extent (+44.9%), mainly attributed to more extreme rainfall and variability in the future; (b) weakening rainfall and flood seasonality, resulting in more random and unpredictable events throughout the year; (c) earlier flooding season onsets in the West and snow‐dominated regions while delayed onsets in the East driven by drier antecedent soil moisture; (d) correlation between extreme rainfall and flood onsets is becoming stronger in the West yet weaker in the East in the future. Findings in this study can potentially serve as a basis for future flood exposure and risk assessments, as well as more scientific understanding of changing flood‐generating mechanisms across the CONUS.
The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Qing‐He , Ma Y.‐Z. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lyons L. R. , Xing Zan‐Yang , Hairston Marc , Deng Z.‐X. , Liu J.‐J.
Published: June 2022

By using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter months (October–March), we present a statistical survey of the distributions of polar cap patches for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations and ionospheric convection geometries. We investigate the dependence of cold and hot patches on local plasma transport and soft‐electron precipitation. Our results indicate that: in winter, (a) more cold and hot patches occur in the stronger anti‐sunward flow organized by different IMF orientations. (b) cold patches are frequent near the central polar cap, while hot patches are closer to the auroral oval. (c) enhanced anti‐sunward flow (E × B drift) mainly contributes to cold patch occurrence under Bz < 0, and soft‐electron precipitation contributes to hot patch occurrence both under southward and northward IMF.