bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus molecular subtype classification of colorectal adenomas
Authors: Komor Malgorzata A , Bosch Linda JW , Bounova Gergana , Bolijn Anne S , Delis‐van Diemen Pien M , Rausch Christian , Hoogstrate Youri , Stubbs Andrew P , de Jong Mark , Jenster Guido , van Grieken Nicole CT , Carvalho Beatriz , Wessels Lodewyk FA , Jimenez Connie R , Fijneman Remond JA , Meijer Gerrit A ,   In collaboration with the NGS‐ProToCol Consortium:
Published: July 2018

Consensus molecular subtyping is an RNA expression‐based classification system for colorectal cancer (CRC). Genomic alterations accumulate during CRC pathogenesis, including the premalignant adenoma stage, leading to changes in RNA expression. Only a minority of adenomas progress to malignancies, a transition that is associated with specific DNA copy number aberrations or microsatellite instability (MSI). We aimed to investigate whether colorectal adenomas can already be stratified into consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classes, and whether specific CMS classes are related to the presence of specific DNA copy number aberrations associated with progression to malignancy. RNA sequencing was performed on 62 adenomas and 59 CRCs. MSI status was determined with polymerase chain reaction‐based methodology. DNA copy number was assessed by low‐coverage DNA sequencing (n = 30) or array‐comparative genomic hybridisation (n = 32). Adenomas were classified into CMS classes together with CRCs from the study cohort and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 556), by use of the established CMS classifier. As a result, 54 of 62 (87%) adenomas were classified according to the CMS. The CMS3 ‘metabolic subtype’, which was least common among CRCs, was most prevalent among adenomas (n = 45; 73%). One of the two adenomas showing MSI was classified as CMS1 (2%), the ‘MSI immune’ subtype. Eight adenomas (13%) were classified as the ‘canonical’ CMS2. No adenomas were classified as the ‘mesenchymal’ CMS4, consistent with the fact that adenomas lack invasion‐associated stroma. The distribution of the CMS classes among adenomas was confirmed in an independent series. CMS3 was enriched with adenomas at low risk of progressing to CRC, whereas relatively more high‐risk adenomas were observed in CMS2. We conclude that adenomas can be stratified into the CMS classes. Considering that CMS1 and CMS2 expression signatures may mark adenomas at increased risk of progression, the distribution of the CMS classes among adenomas is consistent with the proportion of adenomas expected to progress to CRC. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Activation of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1)‐mediated lipogenesis by the Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promotes cell proliferation and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lo Angela Kwok‐Fung , Lung Raymond Wai‐Ming , Dawson Christopher W , Young Lawrence S , Ko Chuen‐Wai , Yeung Walter Wai , Kang Wei , To Ka‐Fai , Lo Kwok‐Wai
Published: July 2018

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is commonly expressed in NPC, engages multiple signaling pathways that promote cell growth, transformation, and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we report a novel function of LMP1 in promoting de novo lipogenesis. LMP1 increases the expression, maturation and activation of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a master regulator of lipogenesis, and its downstream target fatty acid synthase (FASN). LMP1 also induces de novo lipid synthesis and lipid droplet formation. In contrast, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of LMP1 in EBV‐infected epithelial cells diminished SREBP1 activation and lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, through the use of either mTOR inhibitors or siRNAs, significantly reduced LMP1‐mediated SREBP1 activity and lipogenesis, indicating that LMP1 activation of the mTOR pathway is required for SREBP1‐mediated lipogenesis. In primary NPC tumors, FASN overexpression is common, with high levels correlating significantly with LMP1 expression. Moreover, elevated FASN expression was associated with aggressive disease and poor survival in NPC patients. Luteolin and fatostatin, two inhibitors of lipogenesis, suppressed lipogenesis and proliferation of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, effects that were more profound in cells expressing LMP1. Luteolin and fatostatin also dramatically inhibited NPC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that LMP1 activation of SREBP1‐mediated lipogenesis promotes tumor cell growth and is involved in EBV‐driven NPC pathogenesis. Our results also reveal the therapeutic potential of utilizing lipogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NPC. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Surgical management of children and adolescents with upfront completely resected hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: D'Souza Amber M. , Shah Rachana , Gupta Anita , Towbin Alexander J. , Alonso Maria , Nathan Jaimie D. , Bondoc Alex , Tiao Greg , Geller James I.
Published: July 2018

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that is often chemoresistant. Complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy. The role of liver transplantation (LT) in pediatric HCC is in evolution, as is the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I disease.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients < 18 years of age with completely resected HCC treated with surgical intervention alone at our institution from 2004 to 2015 was conducted.

Results

Twelve patients with a median age of 12 years (range = 1–17; number of females = 7) with upfront resected HCC (Evans stage I) were identified. Four patients had HCC without identifiable risk factors (fibrolamellar‐HCC = 2; early HCC arising in focal nodular hyperplasia = 1, well‐differentiated [wd] HCC = 1). Four patients had early or wd‐HCC in the context of portosystemic shunts (Abernethy = 2; mesocaval shunt and portal vein thrombosis = 2). Four patients had moderate to wd‐HCC in the context of pre‐existing liver disease with cirrhosis (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type‐2 = 2, alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency = 1, Alagille syndrome = 1). Seven patients underwent LT (multifocal = 5; solitary = 2); five exceeded Milan criteria (MC) by imaging. Five patients underwent complete resection (segmentectomy = 2; hemihepatectomy = 3). Ten patients received no adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients are alive without evidence of disease with a median follow‐up of 54.1 months (range = 28.1–157.7 months).

Conclusions

Pediatric and adolescent patients with upfront, completely resected HCC can be effectively treated without chemotherapy. LT should be considered for nonmetastatic HCC, especially in the context of pre‐existing chronic liver disease, even when the tumor exceeds MC. Distinct pediatric selection criteria are needed to identify patients most suitable for LT.
Oncofertility—An emerging discipline rather than a special consideration
Authors: Anazodo Antoinette , Ataman‐Millhouse Lauren , Jayasinghe Yasmin , Woodruff Teresa K.
Published: July 2018

Originally absent from the oncologist's consult, then placed in a ‘quality of life’ rubric, oncofertility should now be an essential part of a comprehensive cancer treatment plan in patients of reproductive age, including adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Oncofertility encompasses the endocrine health of the patient, as well as fertility management options. Thus, pubertal transitions in males and females, bone health, and menstrual health are all part of this discipline, enabling practitioners to work in interdisciplinary teams to solve problems in reproductive health. This review provides a summary of the essential considerations required for the assessement of reproductive risk and choice of fertility preservation options as well as considerations for developing oncofertility services for AYAs.
Origins of STIL‐TAL1 fusion genes in children who later developed paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: An investigation of neonatal blood spots
Authors: Gustafsson Britt M. , Mattsson Kristin , Bogdanovic Gordana , Leijonhufvud Gustaf , Honkaniemi Emma , Ramme Kim , Ford Anthony M.
Published: July 2018

SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL)‐T‐cell acute leukaemia (TAL1) fusion genes are present in approximately 11‐27% of children with paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), but the developmental timing of the rearrangement is still unknown. To investigate whether the fusion gene can be detected in neonatal blood spots (NBSs) from paediatric patients diagnosed with T‐cell ALL, we analysed DNA from 38 paediatric patients with T‐ALL by nested polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. The STIL‐TAL1 fusion gene was not detected in NBSs from any of the 38 patients with T‐ALL, suggesting that STIL‐TAL1 fusion genes are most probably postnatal events in paediatric T‐ALL.
A Potential Golden Age to Come—Current Tools, Recent Use Cases, and Future Avenues for De Novo Sequencing in Proteomics
Authors: Muth Thilo , Hartkopf Felix , Vaudel Marc , Renard Bernhard Y.
Published: July 2018

In shotgun proteomics, peptide and protein identification is most commonly conducted using database search engines, the method of choice when reference protein sequences are available. Despite its widespread use the database‐driven approach is limited, mainly because of its static search space. In contrast, de novo sequencing derives peptide sequence information in an unbiased manner, using only the fragment ion information from the tandem mass spectra. In recent years, with the improvements in MS instrumentation, various new methods have been proposed for de novo sequencing. This review article provides an overview of existing de novo sequencing algorithms and software tools ranging from peptide sequencing to sequence‐to‐protein mapping. Various use cases are described for which de novo sequencing was successfully applied. Finally, limitations of current methods are highlighted and new directions are discussed for a wider acceptance of de novo sequencing in the community.
Exchange‐Biased Fe3−xO4‐CoO Granular Composites of Different Morphologies Prepared by Seed‐Mediated Growth in Polyol: From Core–Shell to Multicore Embedded Structures
Authors: Franceschin Giulia , Gaudisson Thomas , Menguy Nicolas , Dodrill Brad C. , Yaacoub Nader , Grenèche Jean‐Marc , Valenzuela Raul , Ammar Souad
Published: July 2018

Magnetically contrasted granular hetero‐nanostructures are prepared by seed‐mediated growth in polyol, properly combining two oxide phases with different magnetic order, ferrimagnetic (F) partially oxidized magnetite Fe3−xO4 and antiferromagnetic (AF) cobalt oxide. Spinel Fe3−xO4 nanoparticles are first synthesized and then used as seeds for rock salt CoO nanocrystals growth. Three different hetero‐nanostructure designs are realized, acting on the content ratio between the seeds and the deposit's precursors during the synthesis. For all of them, the spinel and the rock salt phases are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Both phases are obtained in high‐crystalline quality with a net epitaxial relationship between the two crystallographic lattices. Mössbauer spectrometry confirms the cobalt cation diffusion into the spinel seeds, giving favorable chemical interfacing with the rock salt deposit, thus prevailing its heterogeneous nucleation and consequently offering the best condition for exchange‐bias (EB) onset. Magnetic measurements confirm EB features. The overall magnetic properties are found to be a complex interplay between dipolar interactions, exchange anisotropy at the F/AF interface, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy enhancement in the F phase, due to Co2+ diffusion into iron oxide's crystalline lattice. These results underline the powerfulness of colloidal chemistry for functional granular hetero‐nanostructured material processing.
Improved growth and developmental activity post tracheostomy in preterm infants with severe BPD
Authors: Luo Jun , Shepard Suzanne , Nilan Kathleen , Wood Audrey , Monk Heather M. , Jensen Erik A. , Harrington Ann T. , Maschhoff Kathryn , Kirpalani Haresh , Feng Zhichun , Zhang Huayan
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To examine growth, sedation needs, and participation in developmental activities before and after tracheostomy among infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation or birth weights <1500 g with severe BPD who underwent tracheostomy placement between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016 in a quaternary referral newborn and infant intensive care unit. Changes in growth parameters and frequency/type of participation in physical therapy sessions performed during the 4‐weeks before tracheostomy and 4‐weeks after the first tracheostomy tube change were compared.

Results

A total of 72 patient were included in the study. Average weekly gain in weight, length, and head circumference were significantly higher during the 4‐week period after compared to before tracheostomy. The most significant change occurred for linear growth (0.71 ± 0.40 cm/wk pre vs 0.97 ± 0.48 cm/wk pre, P < 0.001). Median Z score improved for weight (pre −1.42 [−3,10, −0.33] vs post −0.91 [−2.7, 0.27], P < 0.001), length (pre −3.07 [−4.39, −1.31] vs post −1.95 [−3.83, −0.93], P < 0.001) and weight‐to‐length ratio (pre 1.66 [0.58, 2.55] vs post 1.32 [0.17, 2.2], P = 0.02). Participation in developmental therapies significantly improved post tracheostomy (pre vs post: 5.2 ± 2.9 vs 8.7 ± 4.3 sessions performed over 4 weeks, P < 0.0001). Physical therapy sessions more often promoted developmental skill acquisition after tracheostomy compared to facilitating physiologic stability before tracheostomy. Daily sedation requirements decreased post tracheostomy.

Conclusions

Tracheostomy was associated with improved proportional growth and increased participation in activities promoting developmental skill acquisition and reduced daily sedation requirements in preterm infants with severe BPD.
Interrupter resistance to measure dose‐response to salbutamol in wheezy preschool children
Authors: Beydon Nicole , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Amsallem Francis , Denjean André , Fenu Grazia , Seddon Paul , Mentré France , Alberti Corinne , Lombardi Enrico
Published: July 2018

Aim

Using a non‐invasive lung function technique (interrupter resistance, Rint), we aimed to determine whether a dose‐response to salbutamol could be detected in wheezy preschool children and if so, which dose of salbutamol should be administered to routinely evaluate bronchial reversibility.

Method

Wheezy children (3 to <7 years) were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. Rint was measured at baseline, and after random assignment to a first dose (100 or 200 μg) and a second dose (cumulative dose: 400, 600, or 800 μg) of salbutamol. Data were analyzed using mixed modeling approach with an inhibitory maximal effect (Imax) model, to account for a sparse sampling design. Simulations were performed to predict the percentage of children with significant Rint reversibility at several doses.

Results

Final results were available in 99 children out of 106 children included. The model adequately fitted the data, showing satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit plots and a low residual error of 8%. Children with uncontrolled symptoms had lower Imax (ie, showed less reversibility) compared to children with totally/partly controlled symptoms (0.23 vs. 0.31, P < 0.001). Dose to reach 50% of Imax (D50) was 51 μg. According to simulations, 88.1% of children with significant reversibility at dose 800 μg would already show significant reversibility at 400 μg.

Conclusion

Interrupter resistance was able to measure a dose‐response curve to salbutamol in wheezy preschool children, which was similar to that of older patients. Young children require a high dose of salbutamol to correctly assess airway bronchodilator response, especially these with poor symptom control.
Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Doped with Noble Metals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt)
Authors: Moslah Cherif , Kandyla Maria , Mousdis George A. , Petropoulou Georgia , Ksibi Mohamed
Published: July 2018

Sol‐gel grown TiO2 thin films are deposited on glass substrates by spin‐coating, using noble metals (M = Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) for doping. The films are thermally treated at 500 °C, to obtain the anatase phase. The film properties are characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, profilometry, and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy. FE‐SEM images and EDX measurements show the presence of dopant elements in the metallic form. XRD and Raman measurements show the presence of the anatase phase for pure and doped samples. Optical measurements show the optical band gap decreases for Au and Pt doping, while it shows little change for Ag and Pd doping, compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of all films is evaluated by measuring the rate of decolorization of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation. The normalization of the rate of degradation of MB according to the film thickness shows significant photocatalytic activity of all films with the following order Pt‐TiO2 > Pd‐TiO2 > Au‐TiO2 > Ag‐TiO2 > pure TiO2.
EndoAbS dataset: Endoscopic abdominal stereo image dataset for benchmarking 3D stereo reconstruction algorithms
Authors: Penza Veronica , Ciullo Andrea S. , Moccia Sara , Mattos Leonardo S. , De Momi Elena
Published: July 2018

Background: 3D reconstruction algorithms are of fundamental importance for augmented reality applications in computer‐assisted surgery. However, few datasets of endoscopic stereo images with associated 3D surface references are currently openly available, preventing the proper validation of such algorithms. This work presents a new and rich dataset of endoscopic stereo images (EndoAbS dataset).

Methods: The dataset includes (i) endoscopic stereo images of phantom abdominal organs, (ii) a 3D organ surface reference (RF) generated with a laser scanner and (iii) camera calibration parameters. A detailed description of the generation of the phantom and the camera–laser calibration method is also provided.

Results: An estimation of the overall error in creation of the dataset is reported (camera–laser calibration error 0.43 mm) and the performance of a 3D reconstruction algorithm is evaluated using EndoAbS, resulting in an accuracy error in accordance with state‐of‐the‐art results (<2 mm).

Conclusions: The EndoAbS dataset contributes to an increase the number and variety of openly available datasets of surgical stereo images, including a highly accurate RF and different surgical conditions.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Urchin‐like Bi2S3 Nanostructures for Superior Visible‐light‐driven Cr(VI) Removal Capacity
Authors: Sang Yan , Dai Guangdong , Wang Lvxuan , Gao Xueyou , Fang Caihong
Published: July 2018

In this work, large amounts of urchin‐like Bi2S3 nanostructures assembled from radially oriented nanorods were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared Bi2S3 nanostructures possess an orthorhombic crystal structure with a high crystallinity. More importantly, the obtained Bi2S3 nanostructures are spherical architectures composed of large quantities of nanorods with highly active sites. This attractive architecture can provide a large active surface area for photocatalysis. The photodegradation of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation indicated that 95% of Cr(VI) was degradated within 30 min using the as‐prepared Bi2S3 nanoparticle as a photocatalyst. Further investigations revealed that the pH value of the solution has a significant effect on the photocatalytic reduction ability as well. Significantly, the kinetic constant of urchin‐like Bi2S3 nanostructures for Cr(VI) degradation is about 100 times that of Bi2S3 nanoflowers and commercial P25. Furthermore, the photocurrent of urchin‐like Bi2S3 nanostructures is still higher than that of Bi2S3 nanoflowers. We believed that the urchin‐like Bi2S3 nanostructures are promising materials for Cr(VI) photoreduction.
Giant Optical Activity in an All‐Dielectric Spiral Nanoflower
Authors: Xiao Ting‐Hui , Cheng Zhenzhou , Goda Keisuke
Published: July 2018

Optical activity is an effect of prominent importance in stereochemistry, analytical chemistry, metamaterials, spin photonics, and astrobiology, but is naturally minuscule. Metallic nanostructures are commonly exploited as basic elements for artificially producing large optical activity by virtue of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on the nanostructures. However, their intrinsic high ohmic loss amplified by the SPR results in low energy efficiency and large photothermal heat generation, severely limiting their performance and practical utility. Giant optical activity by inducing magnetic resonance in an all‐dielectric spiral nanoflower (spiral‐flower‐shaped nanostructure) is demonstrated here. Specifically, a large circular‐intensity difference of ≈35% is theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated by optimizing the magnetic quadrupole contribution of the nanoflower to scattered light. The nanoflower overcomes the bottleneck of the traditional metallic platforms and enables the development of diverse chiroptical devices and applications.
Light‐Triggered Genome Editing: Cre Recombinase Mediated Gene Editing with Near‐Infrared Light
Authors: Morales Demosthenes P. , Morgan Erin N. , McAdams Meghan , Chron Amanda B. , Shin Jeong Eun , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Reich Norbert O.
Published: July 2018

A light‐activated genome editing platform based on the release of enzymes from a plasmonic nanoparticle carrier when exposed to biocompatible near‐infrared light pulses is described. The platform relies on the robust affinity of polyhistidine tags to nitrilotriacetic acid in the presence of copper which is attached to double‐stranded nucleic acids self‐assembled on the gold nanoparticle surface. A protein fusion of the Cre recombinase containing a TAT internalization peptide sequence to achieve endosomal localization is also employed. High‐resolution gene knock‐in of a red fluorescent reporter is observed using a commercial two‐photon microscope. High‐throughput irradiation is described to generate useful quantities of edited cells.
Composite‐Structure Material Design for High‐Energy Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Lin , Shi Ji‐Lei , Su Heng , Li Guangyin , Zubair Muhammad , Guo Yu‐Guo , Yu Haijun
Published: July 2018

High‐energy storage devices are in demand for the rapid development of modern society. Until now, many kinds of energy storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), and so on, have been developed in the past 30 years. However, most of the commercially exploited and studied active electrode materials of these energy storage devices possess a single phase with low reversible capacity or unsatisfied cycle stability. Continuous and extensive research efforts are made to develop alternative materials with a higher specific energy density and long cycle life by element doping or surface modification. A novel strategy of forming composite‐structure electrode materials by introducing structure units has attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, based on previous publications on these composite‐structure materials, some important scientific points focusing on the design of composite‐structure materials for better electrochemical performances reveal the distinction of composite structures based on average and local structure analysis methods, and an understanding of the relationship between these interior composite structures and their electrochemical performances is discussed thoroughly. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism and the remaining challenges and perspectives for composite‐structure electrode materials are also elaborated.
Nano‐TiO2 Drives Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cells
Authors: Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Sevencan Cansu , Bay Boon Huat , Xie Jianping , Zhang Yongbin , Demokritou Philip , Leong David Tai
Published: July 2018

The majority of cancer mortality is associated with cancer metastasis. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells attain migratory and invasive properties, eventually leading to cancer metastasis. Here, it is shown that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2), a common food additive, can induce the EMT process in colorectal cancer cells. Nano‐TiO2 exposure is observed to activate transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and wingless (Wnt) pathways, and drive the EMT process. Similarly, silica nanoparticles (nano‐SiO2) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano‐HA), as food‐based additives, can be ingested and accumulated in the stomach, and are found to be able to induce the EMT progression. The implication of this work can be profound for colorectal cancer patients where these food additives may unknowingly and unnecessarily hasten the progression of their cancers.
Deformation of Mesoporous Titania Nanostructures in Contact with D2O Vapor
Authors: Song Lin , Rawolle Monika , Hohn Nuri , Gutmann Jochen S. , Frielinghaus Henrich , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter
Published: July 2018

For many applications, mesoporous titania nanostructures are exposed to water or need to be backfilled via infiltration with an aqueous solution, which can cause deformations of the nanostructure by capillary forces. In this work, the degree of deformation caused by water infiltration in two types of mesoporous, nanostructured titania films exposed to water vapor is compared. The different types of nanostructured titania films are prepared via a polymer template assisted sol–gel synthesis in conjunction with a polymer‐template removal at high‐temperatures under ambient conditions versus nitrogen atmosphere. Information about surface and inner morphology is extracted by scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small‐angle neutron scattering (GISANS) measurements, respectively. Furthermore, complementary information on thin film composition and porosity are probed via X‐ray reflectivity. The backfilling induced deformation of near surface structures and structures inside the mesoporous titania films is determined by GISANS before and after D2O infiltration. The respective atmosphere used for template removal influences the details of the titania nanostructure and strongly impacts the degree of water induced deformation. Drying of the films shows reversibility of the deformation.
Rapid Optimization of Reaction Conditions Based on Comprehensive Reaction Analysis Using a Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor
Authors: Vámosi Péter , Matsuo Keiya , Masuda Tsuguya , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo , Takeda Kazuhiro , Mase Nobuyuki
Published: July 2018

Generally, the flow method has the advantage of a precise control over the reaction parameters and a facile modification of the reaction conditions, while a continuous flow microwave reactor allows for the quick optimization of reaction conditions owing to the rapid uniform heating. In this study, we developed a “9+4+1 method” to optimize reaction conditions based on comprehensive reaction analysis using a flow microwave reactor. The proposed method is expected to contribute to the synthesis of various fine and bulk chemicals by reducing cost and wastage, and by conserving time.
Coronarin D induces apoptotic cell death through the JNK pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Hui‐Wen , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Yeh Chao‐Bin , Hsueh Kuan‐Chun , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Yang Shun‐Fa
Published: July 2018

Coronarin D, a diterpene derived from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium, has been used to treat inflammatory diseases. Coronarin D can exert strong anticancer effects through cell growth prevention and cell cycle arrest in many cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which coronarin D suppresses cell proliferation and triggers cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Treatment of Huh7 and Sk‐hep‐1 cells with coronarin D resulted in a significantly increased loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the cleavage and activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐8, and caspase‐3 and changes in Bax, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL protein levels. Coronarin D significantly induced autophagy by increasing the expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II and reducing the expression of p62. Moreover, Huh7 and Sk‐hep‐1 cells exposed to coronarin D had decreased expression of phosphorylated AKT, p38, and ERK and increased expression of phosphorylated JNK. Exposure of cells to the JNK‐specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the apoptotic effects of coronarin D. Taken together, this is the first study to report that coronarin D may effectively inhibit cell growth through apoptosis. We have provided evidence indicating that coronarin D induces cell death through the upregulation of JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinases in human HCC cells.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim
Published: July 2018

We begin this issue on p. 207 with an examination of heatwaves and their occurrence in Poland since 1950. In ‘The August 2015 mega‐heatwave in Poland in the context of past events’ by Agniewska Krzyźewska and Jamie Dyer, the effects of high summer temperatures and the occurrence of heatwaves in this central European country with a high degree of continentality are discussed.

On p. 215, Rodney Hale gives us a fascinating brief overview of unusual electrical phenomena in ‘Rare, anomalous non‐transient lights associated with cumulonimbus Clouds’.

Through much of the history of meteorological observation, recording instruments produced graphical charts (and this is still the case from some instruments). Tilting syphon rain gauges have been an important method of recording rainfall rates and quantities, but they use daily, weekly or monthly charts which have to be changed at these intervals and that do not provide a digital record that can be used and stored readily. ‘Open‐source tool for interactive digitisation of pluviograph strip charts’ by Nejc Sušin and Peter Peer provides a description of freely available software that can be used to extract both rainfall amounts and their rates as digital records from these charts on p. 222.

Although there is a well‐established observations system for hurricanes in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans, this a developing science for typhoons in the North‐West Pacific, even though this area is globally most active for these storms. Recently, the Chinese government has provided an aircraft to carry out typhoon observation from Hong Kong, as described in ‘The first complete dropsonde observation of a tropical cyclone over the South China Sea by the Hong Kong Observatory’ by Pak‐Wai Chan, NG Wu, CZ Zhang, WJ Deng and KK Hon on p. 227. This final paper in our July 2018 issue describes the insights they gained into Tropical Storm Aere and its structure.
Toward initial conditions of conserved charges. Part I. Spatial correlations of quarks and antiquarks
Authors: Martinez Mauricio , Sievert Matthew D. , Wertepny Douglas E.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In this paper, we study the spatial correlations among quarks and antiquarks produced at mid-rapidity by gluon pair production in the color glass condensate framework. This paper is the first part of a series in which we calculate a complete set of quark/quark, quark/antiquark, and antiquark/antiquark spatial correlation functions in heavy-light ion collisions, with the goal of incorporating their conserved charges into the initial conditions of hydrodynamics. The physical mechanisms captured in this calculation include geometric, entanglement, and interaction-mediated correlations. In this first paper, we construct the building blocks for the correlations arising from single- and double-pair production, studying in detail the single-pair case and the general features of the double-pair case. We find a rich correlation structure in transverse coordinate space, with different mechanisms dominating over different length scales, and we present explicit results for the quark-antiquark correlations in the single-pair production regime. We reserve a detailed discussion of the double-pair production regime for the next paper in this sequence.
Space-filling branes & gaugings
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Riccioni Fabio , Risoli Stefano
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We consider in any dimension the supersymmetric ℤ2 truncations of the maximal supergravity theories. In each dimension and for each truncation we determine all the sets of 1/2-BPS space-filling branes, i.e. branes whose world-volume invades the whole of space-time, that preserve the supersymmetry of the truncated theory and the representations of the symmetry of such theory to which they belong. We show that in any dimension below eight these sets always contain exotic branes, that are objects that do not have a ten-dimensional origin. We repeat the same analysis for half-maximal theories and for the quarter-maximal theories in four and three dimensions. We then discuss all the possible gaugings of these theories as described in terms of the embedding tensor. In general, the truncation acts on the quadratic constraints of the embedding tensor in such a way that some representations survive the truncation although they are not required by the supersymmetry of the truncated theory. We show that for any theory, among these representations, the highest-dimensional ones are precisely those of the 1/2-BPS space-filling branes that preserve the same supersymmetry of the truncated theory, and we interpret this result as the fact that these quadratic constraints after the truncation become tadpole conditions for such branes.
Geometry from matrices via D-branes
Authors: Terashima Seiji
Published: July 2018

Abstract

In this paper, we give a map from matrices to a commutative geometry from a bound state of a D2-brane and N D0-branes. For this, tachyons in auxiliary unstable D-brane system describing the bound state play crucial roles. We found the map obtained in this way coincides with the recent proposals. We also consider the map from the geometry to matrices in a large N limit and argue that the map is a matrix regularization of geometry.
Towards the cold atom analog false vacuum
Authors: Braden Jonathan , Johnson Matthew C. , Peiris Hiranya V. , Weinfurtner Silke
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Analog condensed matter systems present an exciting opportunity to simulate early Universe models in table-top experiments. We consider a recent proposal for an analog condensed matter experiment to simulate the relativistic quantum decay of the false vacuum. In the proposed experiment, two ultra-cold condensates are coupled via a time-varying radio-frequency field. The relative phase of the two condensates in this system is approximately described by a relativistic scalar field with a potential possessing a series of false and true vacuum local minima. If the system is set up in a false vacuum, it would then decay to a true vacuum via quantum mechanical tunnelling. Should such an experiment be realized, it would be possible to answer a number of open questions regarding non-perturbative phenomena in quantum field theory and early Universe cosmology. In this paper, we illustrate a possible obstruction: the time-varying coupling that is invoked to create a false vacuum for the long-wavelength modes of the condensate leads to a destabilization of shorter wavelength modes within the system via parametric resonance. We focus on an idealized setup in which the two condensates have identical properties and identical background densities. Describing the system by the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPE), we use the machinery of Floquet theory to perform a linear stability analysis, calculating the wavenumber associated with the first instability band for a variety of experimental parameters. However, we demonstrate that, by tuning the frequency of the time-varying coupling, it may be possible to push the first instability band outside the validity of the GPE, where dissipative effects are expected to damp any instabilities. This provides a viable range of experimental parameters to perform analog experiments of false vacuum decay.
California's high-tech membrane-based Wasco Treatment Plant doubles its capacity
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: July 2018

Plans have been announced to double production capacity at Wasco Treatment Plant – California's first merchant facility to treat produced water for reclamation and beneficial reuse. The facility uses artificial intelligence software and breakthrough membrane technology, based on Nobel Prize winning chemistry, to optimise operations and reduce energy costs.
Applying Flex EDR to produced water improves EOR economics
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: July 2018

Canada's Saltworks recently released results of pilot tests of its electrochemical desalination technology Flex EDR, which was applied to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) produced water. They reveal that the technology will provide EOR operators with a novel way of reusing produced water as low salinity injection water and substantially reducing polymer costs in EOR flood operations.
Modular MABR-based wastewater treatment systems reduce aeration energy consumption
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: July 2018

Fluence Corp Ltd has introduced a family of wastewater treatment systems. Modular in nature they use the company's membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) technology, and are supplied ready for fast installation and start-up.
MODULAR DECOMPOSITION NUMBERS OF CYCLOTOMIC HECKE AND DIAGRAMMATIC CHEREDNIK ALGEBRAS: A PATH THEORETIC APPROACH
Authors: BOWMAN C. , COX A. G.
Published: July 2018

We introduce a path theoretic framework for understanding the representation theory of (quantum) symmetric and general linear groups and their higher-level generalizations over fields of arbitrary characteristic. Our first main result is a ‘super-strong linkage principle’ which provides degree-wise upper bounds for graded decomposition numbers (this is new even in the case of symmetric groups). Next, we generalize the notion of homomorphisms between Weyl/Specht modules which are ‘generically’ placed (within the associated alcove geometries) to cyclotomic Hecke and diagrammatic Cherednik algebras. Finally, we provide evidence for a higher-level analogue of the classical Lusztig conjecture over fields of sufficiently large characteristic.
Risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence amongst men exposed to torture in conflict-affected Timor-Leste
Authors: Rees Susan , Mohsin Mohammed , Tay Alvin Kuowei , Steel Zachary , Tam Natalino , da Costa Zelia , Soares Cesarina , Tol Wietse , Eapen Valsamma , Dadds Mark , Silove Derrick
Published: July 2018

Background.

A key issue in need of empirical exploration in the post-conflict and refugee mental health field is whether exposure to torture plays a role in generating risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), and whether this pathway is mediated by the mental health effects of torture-related trauma. In examining this question, it is important to assess the impact of socio-economic hardship which may be greater amongst survivors of torture in low-income countries.

Methods.

The study data were obtained from a cohort of 870 women (recruited from antenatal clinics) and their male partners in Dili district, Timor-Leste. We conducted bivariate and path analysis to test for associations of men's age, socioeconomic status, torture exposure, and mental disturbance, with IPV (the latter reported by women).

Results.

The path analysis indicated positive paths from a younger age, torture exposure, and lower socio-economic status amongst men leading to mental disturbance. Mental disturbance, in turn, led to IPV. In addition, younger age, lower socio-economic status, torture exposure, and mental disturbance were directly associated with IPV.

Conclusions.

Our data provide the first systematic evidence of an association between torture and IPV in a low-income, post-conflict country, confirming that low socio-economic status, partly related to being a torture survivor, adds to the risk. The high prevalence of IPV in this context suggests that other structural factors, such as persisting patriarchal attitudes, contribute to the risk of IPV. Early detection and prevention programs may assist in reducing the risk of IPV in families in which men have experienced torture.
Protestant Ethics-In-Action
Authors: Sevelsted Anders
Published: July 2018

This article shows how voluntary social work in late 19th/early 20th century Copenhagen emerged as the result of several creative re-interpretations of the cultural schemas of revivalist Protestantism as urban revivalists faced the social question. Informed by pragmatist cultural sociology, the concept of “collective soteriology” is introduced as a way of analyzing the Protestant reinterpretations in terms of doctrine, ideals of community, and recipes for action. It is shown how Lutheran revivalist ideas at the same time encouraged, constrained, and shaped the voluntary social action undertaken. The paper aims to uncover a sociologically neglected European tradition of civic action, to contribute to the sociology of Protestantism’s influence on civil society, and to develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the role of ideas in non-contentious collective action.
Assessing the effect of recreational scallop harvest on the distribution and behaviour of foraging marine turtles
Authors: Wildermann Natalie , Sasso Christopher , Gredzens Christian , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B.
Published: July 2018

The impact of fisheries on marine megafauna is widely known but most studies have focused on commercial fisheries, overlooking the effect of local recreational fisheries. This is particularly important for marine turtles in near-shore habitats that overlap with recreational fisheries. We assessed the effect of recreational scallop fisheries on the distribution and behaviour of foraging marine turtles in the coastal waters of the upper Eastern Gulf of Mexico. Before and during the scallop season we quantified the density and overlap of marine turtles and vessels sighted, and satellite tracked four turtles to assess their distribution and behaviour. The relative distribution of marine turtles sighted during the scallop season overlapped with 48% of the area most frequently used by harvesters, and marine turtle activity hotspots shifted between seasons. In addition, during the scallop season the home range size of individual turtles appeared to decrease, and turtles displayed frequent changes in travel speed and directionality. We hypothesize that such changes are probably related to the distribution and movement of vessels and the abundant presence of people in the water. Our study highlights the importance of considering recreational fisheries and their local effect on marine megafauna for informing future adaptive management practices. However, further studies are needed to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of recreational fisheries and to assess the degree of risk of associated activities to marine turtle populations.
A novel miRNA, miR-13664, targetsCpCYP314A1to regulate deltamethrin resistance inCulex pipiens pallens
Authors: Sun X. H. , Xu N. , Xu Y. , Zhou D. , Sun Y. , Wang W. J. , Ma L. , Zhu C. L. , Shen B.
Published: July 2018

Extensive insecticide use has led to the resistance of mosquitoes to these insecticides, posing a major barrier to mosquito control. Previous Solexa high-throughput sequencing ofCulex pipiens pallensin the laboratory has revealed that the abundance of a novel microRNA (miRNA), miR-13664, was higher in a deltamethrin-sensitive (DS) strain than a deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strain. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the miR-13664 transcript level was lower in the DR strain than in the DS strain. MiR-13664 oversupply in the DR strain increased the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin, whereas inhibition of miR-13664 made the DS strain more resistant to deltamethrin. Results of bioinformatic analysis, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay and miR mimic/inhibitor microinjection revealedCpCYP314A1to be a target of miR-13664. In addition, downregulation ofCpCYP314A1expression in the DR strain reduced the resistance of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-13664 could regulate deltamethrin resistance by interacting withCpCYP314A1, providing new insights into mosquito resistance mechanisms.
An unmanned helicopter control with partial small body force compensation: Experimental results
Authors: Godbolt Bryan , Lynch Alan F.
Published: July 2018

A generally accepted helicopter model used for control includes the effect of Small Body Forces (SBF) which couple the vehicle's rotational subsystem inputs to its translational dynamics. SBF result from tail rotor thrust and lateral forces due to main rotor flapping. It is well-known that SBF lead to a theoretically challenging stabilization problem for the tracking error dynamics. Hence, much of the existing work has neglected SBF in order to simplify control design. We design a controller that directly compensates the influence of the tail rotor component of the SBF. The design is validated in simulation and flight tests.
On higher energy decompositions and the sum–product phenomenon
Authors: SHAKAN GEORGE
Published: July 2018

Let A ⊂ ℝ be finite. We quantitatively improve the Balog–Wooley decomposition, that is A can be partitioned into sets B and C such that
$
\begin{equation*}
\max\{E^+(B) , E^{\times}(C)\} \lesssim |A|^{3 - 7/26}, \ \ \max \{E^+(B,A) , E^{\times}(C, A) \}\lesssim |A|^{3 - 1/4}.
\end{equation*}
$
We use similar decompositions to improve upon various sum–product estimates. For instance, we show
$
\begin{equation*}
|A+A| + |A A| \gtrsim |A|^{4/3 + 5/5277}.
\end{equation*}
$
Optical Image Generation and High-precision Line-of-Sight Extraction for Mars Approach Navigation
Authors: Jiang Xiuqiang , Li Shuang , Gu Long , Sun Jun , Xiao Dongdong
Published: July 2018

A high-precision line-of-sight extraction technique is essential for autonomous optical navigation during the Mars approach phase. To support future Mars exploration missions, an optical image simulation system is a necessary ground verification facility for Mars image generation and line-of-sight extraction algorithm tests. In this paper, an optical image generation procedure is first developed according to projection relationships, reference flight profiles and camera parameters. Next, a hybrid image processing and subpixel-level line-of-sight extraction algorithm is proposed through modification of moment-based sub-pixel edge detection and improvement of direct least-square fitting approaches. Finally, an optical image simulation system is established, and the experimental results show that the proposed procedure can effectively simulate the optical image in the field-of-view of a Mars spacecraft, and the hybrid extraction algorithm can obtain high-precision Mars centroid information.