bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressing the energetic disorder of all-polymer solar cells enables over 18% efficiency
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xu Ye , Yao Huifeng , Zhang Jianqi , Bi Pengqing , Chen Zhihao , Wang Jingwen , Cui Yong , Ma Lijiao , Xian Kaihu , Li Zi , Hao Xiaotao , Wei Zhixiang , Hou Jianhui
Published: February 2023

By designing new terpolymers, we tuned the molecular orientation to obtain an ordered morphology with suppressed energetic disorder. Thus, we boost the PCE of all-PSCs to over 18%.
Polysucrose hydrogel loaded with natural molecules/extracts for multiphase-directed sustainable wound healing
Authors: Chummun Phul Itisha , Huët Marie Andrea Laetitia , Bekah Devesh , Bhaw-Luximon Archana
Published: February 2023

Natural molecule/extract-loaded hydrogel scaffold platform for multi-phase wound healing.
A proton-assisted AIE active luminescent material having tunable emission in solution and solid state for anti-counterfeiting application: smart high contrast on–off–on fluorescence switch
Authors: Mondal Asit , Chattopadhyay Pabitra
Published: February 2023

The development of stimulus-responsive organo-luminogens having high solid-state emission, particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) region, is still demandable.
Chemistry, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of stemmadenine alkaloids
Authors: Fan Minghui , Zou Liangbang , Tian Kaidi , Chen Guoqing , Cheng Kai , Li Yong
Published: February 2023

This review presents the structural diversity of 73 stemmadenine and related alkaloids, as well as their biological activities, and fully describes the biosynthetic proposal for stemmadenine and the successful synthetic approaches.
Wafer-scale nanostructured black silicon with morphology engineering via advanced Sn-assisted dry etching for sensing and solar cell applications
Authors: Wu Shaoteng , Chen Qimiao , Zhang Lin , Ren Huixue , Zhou Hao , Hu Liangxing , Tan Chuan Seng
Published: February 2023

Herein, we develop and present a novel CMOS-compatible non-lithography technique to fabricate wafer-scale (6 inches), random textured b-Si with morphology engineering.
Control of microphase-separated structures by tuning the functional groups and the degree of modification for a single block copolymer
Authors: Lin Zhengdan , Nabae Yuta , Hayakawa Teruaki
Published: February 2023

To control the self-assembled morphology of block copolymers (BCPs), a series of BCPs were synthesized and post-functionalized via click chemistry.
A highly durable zinc-air battery from a directly integrated FexNC@NiFe(OH)xbifunctional catalyst
Authors: Luo Hao , Li Yang , Wang Wenchao , Zhou Tao , Guo Zhengxiao
Published: February 2023

Fe/Fe3C- and N- co-doped carbon nanotubes and NiFe hydroxide cluster was integrated directly as bifunctional catalyst for high efficiency and durable zinc-air batteries.
Highly homogeneous bimetallic core–shell Au@Ag nanoparticles with embedded internal standard fabrication using a microreactor for reliable quantitative SERS detection
Authors: Li Suyang , Chen Junjie , Xu Wanbing , Sun Biao , Wu Jiechen , Chen Qiang , Liang Pei
Published: February 2023

Bimetallic Au@Ag SERS tags draw broad interest in the fields of biological and environmental analyses.
Intramolecular trapping of spiro radicals to produce unusual cyclization products from usual migration substrates
Authors: Zhang Jingming , Liu Chengkou , Qiao Yaqi , Wei Minghui , Guan Wenjing , Mao Ziren , Qin Hong , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: February 2023

Unusual, highly complex and valuable spirocyclic compounds were produced through domino radical addition, intramolecular cyclization and ring opening instead of usual migration to the difunctionalization products of olefins.
Effect of solvent on the emulsion and morphology of polyfluorene films: all-atom molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Pinky Sabila K. , Kwansa Albert L. , Zhang Buang , Stiff-Roberts Adrienne D. , Yingling Yaroslava G.
Published: February 2023

Solvent-mediated non-covalent interactions in emulsion are correlated with the morphology of conjugated polymer thin films.
Status, implications and challenges of European safe and sustainable by design paradigms applicable to nanomaterials and advanced materials
Authors: Furxhi Irini , Costa Anna , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Fito-López Carlos , Hristozov Danail , Tamayo Ramos Juan Antonio , Resch Susanne , Cioffi Margherita , Friedrichs Steffi , Rocca Cris , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Lynch Iseult , Araceli Sánchez Jiménez , Farcal Lucian
Published: February 2023

Current European (EU) policies, such as the Green Deal, envisage safe and sustainable by design (SSbD) practices for the management of chemicals, which cogently entail nanomaterials (NMs) and advanced materials (AdMa).
Through-hole graphite made from waste graphite for high-rate lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Gao ShanLin , Yan Lv , Qin Jieming , Liu Rui , Liang Benkuan , Wang Qi , Geng Mingchen , Wang Bo
Published: February 2023

The electrolyte stored in the through-hole graphite can be used as a Li transport buffer layer and shorten the migration distance to the graphite layer, showing excellent rate performance.
Solution-processed single-emissive-layer WOLEDs with high efficiency and ultra-high color rendering index beyond 90
Authors: Zhou Dongling , Cheng Gang , Liu Weiqiang , Wu Siping , Che Chi-Ming
Published: February 2023

We devised single-EML SP-WOLEDs with luminescent gold(iii) emitters featuring high EQEmax of 12.72%, CIE coordinates of (0.40, 0.40), and CRI of 93, which is among the best values for the single-EML SP-WOLEDs with CRI > 90 reported in the literature.
CuS@Cu-CD composites as efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts for the photodegradation of tetracycline
Authors: Cheng Yong , Deng Lin , Wang Dan , Wang Xiuxiu , Ji Changchun , Zhou Ying-Hua
Published: February 2023

CuS@Cu-CDs composites as Fenton-like photocatalysts for the degradation of tetracycline.
Dual crosslinking polymer networks: correlation between polymer topologies and self-healing efficiency
Authors: Choi Soonyoung , Kim Junhee , Seo Eunyong , Jung Hyocheol , Jeong Ji-Eun , Park Young Il , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Dong Woog , Kim Byeong-Su , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: February 2023

We investigated the effect of polymer topologies on the efficiency of self-healing in polymer networks containing B-O bonds.
Microporous carbon for fast and simple electrochemical detection of imidacloprid insecticide in fruit and water samples
Authors: Kaewket Keerakit , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: February 2023

Herein, a fast and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for imidacloprid detection using low-cost disposable microporous carbon screen-printed electrodes.
Errorless, Errorful, and Retrieval Practice for Naming Treatment in Aphasia: A Scoping Review of Learning Mechanisms and Treatment Ingredients
Authors: Nunn Kristen , Vallila-Rohter Sofia , Middleton Erica L.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Increasingly, mechanisms of learning are being considered during aphasia rehabilitation. Well-characterized learning mechanisms can inform “how” interventions should be administered to maximize the acquisition and retention of treatment gains. This systematic scoping review mapped hypothesized mechanisms of action (MoAs) and treatment ingredients in three learning-based approaches targeting naming in aphasia: errorless learning (ELess), errorful learning (EFul), and retrieval practice (RP). The rehabilitation treatment specification system was leveraged to describe available literature and identify knowledge gaps within a unified framework.

Method:

PubMed and CINHAL were searched for studies that compared ELess, EFul, and/or RP for naming in aphasia. Independent reviewers extracted data on proposed MoAs, treatment ingredients, and outcomes.

Results:

Twelve studies compared ELess and EFul, six studies compared ELess and RP, and one study compared RP and EFul. Hebbian learning, gated Hebbian learning, effortful retrieval, and models of incremental learning via lexical access were proposed as MoAs. To maximize treatment outcomes within theorized MoAs, researchers manipulated study ingredients including cues, scheduling, and feedback. Outcomes in comparative effectiveness studies were examined to identify ingredients that may influence learning. Individual-level variables, such as cognitive and linguistic abilities, may affect treatment response; however, findings were inconsistent across studies.

Conclusions:

Significant knowledge gaps were identified and include (a) which MoAs operate during ELess, EFul, and RP; (b) which ingredients are active and engage specific MoAs; and (c) how individual-level variables may drive treatment administration. Theory-driven research can support or refute MoAs and active ingredients enabling clinicians to modify treatments within theoretical frameworks.
Differences in a Musician's Advantage for Speech-in-Speech Perception Based on Age and Task
Authors: Cohn Michelle , Barreda Santiago , Zellou Georgia
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This study investigates the debate that musicians have an advantage in speech-in-noise perception from years of targeted auditory training. We also consider the effect of age on any such advantage, comparing musicians and nonmusicians (age range: 18–66 years), all of whom had normal hearing. We manipulate the degree of fundamental frequency (
f
o
) separation between the competing talkers, as well as use different tasks, to probe attentional differences that might shape a musician's advantage across ages.

Method:

Participants (ranging in age from 18 to 66 years) included 29 musicians and 26 nonmusicians. They completed two tasks varying in attentional demands: (a) a selective attention task where listeners identify the target sentence presented with a one-talker interferer (Experiment 1), and (b) a divided attention task where listeners hear two vowels played simultaneously and identify both competing vowels (Experiment 2). In both paradigms,
f
o
separation was manipulated between the two voices (Δ
f
o
= 0, 0.156, 0.306, 1, 2, 3 semitones).

Results:

Results show that increasing differences in
f
o
separation lead to higher accuracy on both tasks. Additionally, we find evidence for a musician's advantage across the two studies. In the sentence identification task, younger adult musicians show higher accuracy overall, as well as a stronger reliance on
f
o
separation. Yet, this advantage declines with musicians' age. In the double vowel identification task, musicians of all ages show an across-the-board advantage in detecting two vowels—and use
f
o
separation more to aid in stream separation—but show no consistent difference in double vowel identification.

Conclusions:

Overall, we find support for a hybrid
auditory encoding-attention account
of music-to-speech transfer. The musician's advantage includes
f
o
, but the benefit also depends on the attentional demands in the task and listeners' age. Taken together, this study suggests a complex relationship between age, musical experience, and speech-in-speech paradigm on a musician's advantage.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21956777
Chitosan nanoparticle loaded by epidermal growth factor as a potential protein carrier for wound healing: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Montazeri Samaneh , Rastegari Ali , Mohammadi Zohreh , Nazari Mahboobeh , Yousefi Maryam , Samadi Fatemeh Yazdi , Najafzadeh Somayeh , Aghsami Mehdi
Published: February 2023

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be efficiently used in wound healing process; but the main obstacle of its clinical use is its susceptibility to proteolysis and maintaining its effective concentration in the site of action. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing EGF is formulated using a simple method to increase its stability in physiological pH as well as protect its biological activity and effectiveness in wound healing process. Nanoparticles with different ratios of chitosan/EGF were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Obtained results showed nanoparticles with 2:1 ratio of chitosan/EGF were able to release 80% of encapsulated protein after 12 h. Cell proliferation study demonstrated that prepared nanoparticles could protect EGF functionality in physiological pH. In vivo results showed that nanoparticles with 2:1 ratio of chitosan/EGF could significantly accelerate the wound closure‐rate, re‐epithelialisation and collagen deposition. In conclusion, the designed nanoparticles in optimal ratio can be considered as a potential vehicle for EGF delivery to wounds with the aim of improving healing process.
C I and CO in nearby spiral galaxies
Authors: Liu Daizhong , Schinnerer Eva , Saito Toshiki , Rosolowsky Erik , Leroy Adam , Usero Antonio , Sandstrom Karin , Klessen Ralf S. , Glover Simon C. O. , Ao Yiping , Bešlić Ivana , Bigiel Frank , Cao Yixian , Chastenet Jérémy , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Gao Yu , Hughes Annie , Kreckel Kathryn , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jérôme , Salak Dragan , Santoro Francesco , Schruba Andreas , Sun Jiayi , Teng Yu-Hsuan , Williams Thomas
Published: February 2023

We present new neutral atomic carbon [C I] (3P1 → 3P0) mapping observations within the inner ∼7 kpc and ∼4 kpc of the disks of NGC 3627 and NGC 4321 at a spatial resolution of 190 pc and 270 pc, respectively, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) Atacama Compact Array (ACA). We combine these with the CO(2−1) data from PHANGS-ALMA, and literature [C I] and CO data for two other starburst and/or active galactic nucleus (AGN) galaxies (NGC 1808, NGC 7469) with the aim of studying: (a) the spatial distributions of C I and CO emission; (b) the observed line ratio RC I/CO = I[C I](1−0)/ICO(2−1) as a function of various galactic properties; and (c) the abundance ratio of [C I/CO]. We find excellent spatial correspondence between C I and CO emission and nearly uniform RC I/CO ∼ 0.1 across the majority of the star-forming disks of NGC 3627 and NGC 4321. However, RC I/CO strongly varies from ∼0.05 at the center of NGC 4321 to > 0.2 − 0.5 in NGC 1808’s starbursting center and NGC 7469’s center with an X-ray-luminous AGN. Meanwhile, RC I/CO does not obviously vary with ⟨U⟩, which is in line with predictions from photodissociation-dominated region (PDR) models. We also find a mildly decreasing RC I/CO value with an increasing metallicity over 0.7 − 0.85 Z⊙, which is consistent with the literature. Assuming various typical interstellar medium (ISM) conditions representing giant molecular clouds, active star-forming regions, and strong starbursting environments, we calculated the (non)local-thermodynamic-equilibrium radiative transfer and estimated the [C I/CO] abundance ratio to be ∼0.1 across the disks of NGC 3627 and NGC 4321, similar to previous large-scale findings in Galactic studies. However, this abundance ratio likely experiences a substantial increase, up to ∼1 and ≳1 − 5 in NGC 1808’s starburst and NGC 7469’s strong AGN environments, respectively. This result is in line with the expectations for cosmic-ray dominated region (CRDR) and X-ray dominated region (XDR) chemistry. Finally, we do not find robust evidence for a generally CO-dark-and-C I-bright gas in the disk areas we probed.
Crop protection practices and risks associated with human fungal infectious diseases: a One Health perspective
Authors: Ratnadass Alain , Sester Mathilde
Published: February 2023

We review interactions between crop protection practices (developed to control plant pathogens and invertebrate pests) and human fungal infectious diseases. Unlike viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, fungal infections in humans are usually only superficial in healthy individuals, but can become invasive and pose serious risks to immunosuppressed individuals. Although their global impact is less than that of other infectious diseases, human fungal infections still pose serious public health issues. For instance, the use of synthetic agricultural fungicides, particularly the azole class, under conventional intensive, or efficiency improvement-based crop protection practices, is at risk as far as antimicrobial resistance is concerned, due to cases of cross-resistance to clinical azoles used to treat pulmonary aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcocis. In this respect, the One Health approach, originally designed for other types of human pathogens, looks relevant for human pathogenic fungi. Additionally, some entomopathogenic fungi used as biocontrol products against crop pests in a substitution-based approach, may be potentially pathogenic to humans. Very few examples of redesign-based practices (i.e. Agroecological Crop Protection) emerged from our analysis on human fungal diseases. However, discontinuing agricultural azole fungicides (as practiced on organic farms, and which may to some extent be related to the redesign strategy) appears to be the best way to reduce selection pressure and hence the level of azole-resistant human pathogenic fungal strains in the environment.
Neutron captures in stellar nucleosynthesis
Authors: Cristallo Sergio
Published: February 2023

Apart from cosmological hydrogen and helium, chemical elements in the Universe are produced in stars, during both quiescent and explosive phases. The Sun chemical distribution witnesses the pollution from already extinct stellar generations at different epochs before the Solar System formation. The two major nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the formation of elements heavier than iron are the slow neutron capture process (the s-process) and the rapid neutron capture process (the r-process). A third, less common, nucleosynthesis channel is related to the intermediate neutron capture process (the i-process), whose existence is not ascertained yet. Finally, a few proton-rich isotopes are created by the p-process. I will show their characteristics and the stellar sites where they are at work.
The PANDORA project: A setup for in-plasma β-decay studies in nuclei of astrophysical interest
Authors: Mascali David , Santonocito Domenico
Published: February 2023

Theoretical predictions as well as experiments performed at Storage Rings have shown that a high degree of ionization can affect the half-life of β-radionuclides. The PANDORA project aims at investigating,for the first time, beta decay rates in a plasma, simulating specific stellarlike conditions. A description of the physics motivations and the experimental setup developed to accomplish this task is given. The physics cases selected for the first experimental campaign are also presented.
The challenging direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength of the 17O(p, γ)18F reaction at LUNA
Authors: Gesuè Riccardo Maria ,   for the LUNA collaboration
Published: February 2023

The 17O(p, γ)18F reaction plays a crucial role in AGB nucleosynthesis as well as in explosive hydrogen burning occurring in type Ia novae. At the temperatures of interest for the former scenario ( 20MK < T < 80MK) the main contribution to the astrophysical reaction rate comes from the poorly constrained ER = 65 keV resonance. The strength of this resonance is presently determined only through indirect measurements, with an adopted value ωγ =(16 ± 3) peV.

A new high sensitivity setup was installed at LUNA, located at LNGS. The underground location of the LUNA 400kV accelerator guarantees a reduction of the cosmic ray background by several orders of magnitude. The residual background was further reduced installing a devoted shielding. On the other hand, to increase the efficiency, the 4π BGO detector was coupled with Al target chamber and holder. With more than 400C accumulated on Ta2O5 targets, nominal 17O enrichment of 90%, the LUNA collaboration has performed the first direct measurement of the 65 keV resonance strength.
Experimental studies of the 46Mn β+-decay channel and spectroscopy of 46Cr at LISE-GANIL
Authors: Godos-Valencia David , Acosta Luis , Ascher Pauline , Blank Bertram , Giovinazzo Jerome , de Oliveira Santos Francois , Fougères Chloé , Sánchez-Benítez Angel Miguel
Published: February 2023

In this work we present the preliminary results of analysing the 46Mn β+ decay channel as a way to study the 45V(p, γ)46Cr reaction. 46Mn was selected among other species in the cocktail beam delivered by the LISE fragment separator at GANIL (Caen, France) in order to study its beta decay and the excited states of its daughter nucleus 46Cr. As part of the validation process we present the 46Mn half-life, the proton and gamma emission peaks related to the 46Mn decay and compare them with the results from previous works.
Astrophysical S factor and reaction rate of 92,94Mo(p, γ) relevant to the p-process
Authors: Hingu Akash , Prajapati P.M. , Mukherjee S. , Pizzone R.G. , Katovsky K.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Low energy proton capture cross sections on heavy isotopes are necessary for a better understanding of the astrophysical p-process. There are around 35 proton-rich stable isotopes between 74S e and 196Hg which are bypassed by the s- and r- processes. These are commonly referred as p-nuclei whose origin is still not completely understood. In the present study, proton capture reactions are studied on Mo isotopes at astrophysically relevant energies using nuclear modular code TALYS. Astrophysical S factor and reaction rates are also calculated inside a core-collapse supernova. The obtained results are compared with the literature data taken from EXFOR data library. In addition, the effect of different combinations of the nuclear input parameters entering the stellar reaction rate have been investigated.
Nuclear level densities and γ-ray strength functions of 120,124Sn and their application in astrophysics
Authors: Markova Maria , Larsen Ann-Cecilie , Garrote Bello Frank Leonel
Published: February 2023

Nuclear level densities (NLDs) and γ-ray strength functions (GSFs)of 120;124Sn have been extracted with the Oslo method and additionally constrained with the novel Shape method. The GSFs were found to be in excellent agreement with the strengths from the inelastic relativistic proton scattering experiment. This comparison suggests the validity of the Brink-Axel hypothesisused as one of the key assumptions in astrophysical calculations. The extracted NLDs and GSFs were further used as experimental inputs to constrain the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) for the radiative neutron capture process 119;123Sn (n, γ)120;124Sn using the the nuclear reaction code TALYS.
The 12C +16 O fusion reaction in carbon burning: Study at energies of astrophysical interest using the Trojan Horse Method
Authors: Oliva A.A. , Tumino A. , Soic N. , Prajapati M.P. , Acosta L. , Alba R. , Barba F. , Cherubini S. , D’Agata G. , Dell’Aquila D. , Di Pietro A. , Fernandez P.J. , Figuera P. , Galaviz Redondo D. , Guardo L. , Gulino M. , Hammache F. , Jelavic Malenica D. , Kiliç A.I. , La Cognata M. , La Commara M. , Lamia L. , Lattuada D. , Maiolino C. , Manicò G. , Mazzocco M. , Milin M. , Nanru Ma , Nurmukhanbetova A. , Nurkic D. , Palmerini S. , Parascandolo T. , Pierroutsakou D. , Pizzone R.G. , Popocovski R. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Santonocito D. , Sergi M.L. , Shotter A. , Spartà R. , Spiridon A. , Trache L. , Vukman N. , Yamaguchi H.
Published: February 2023

The carbon-burning process in massive stars mainly occurs via the 12C +12 C. However, at temperatures higher than 109K and considering the increased abundance of 16O produced during the later stages of the heliumburning,the 12C+16O fusion can also become relevant. Moreover, 12C+16O also plays a role in the scenario of explosive carbon burning. Thus, the astrophysical energy region of interest ranges from 3 to 7.2 MeV in the center-of-mass frame. However, the various measurements of the cross-section available in the literature stop around 4 MeV, making extrapolation necessary. To solve this uncertainty and corroborate direct measurement we applied the Trojan Horse Method to three-body processes 16O(14N, α24Mg)2H and 16O(14N, p27Al)2H to study the 12C(16O, α)24Mg and 12C(16O, p)27Al reactions in their entire energy region of astrophysical interest. In this contribution, after briefly describing the method used, the experiment and the preliminary phases of the data analysis will be presented and discussed.
Reliability of two difficulty indexes in predicting the surgical extraction difficulty of impacted mandibular third molars
Authors: Albayati Mohammed T. , Bede Salwan Y.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability and the agreement of the Pederson and Pernambuco difficulty indexes in predicting the surgical extraction difficulty of the impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 83 patients who had undergone surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar. The difficulty of extraction was determined preoperatively according to the total scores obtained from the Pederson and Pernambuco difficulty indexes, the operative difficulty was determined by the surgical technique and the duration of extraction. The accuracy of prediction of the surgical difficulty and the degree of agreement of the two indexes were calculated. Results: The accuracy of Pederson and Pernambuco indexes in predicting the operative difficulty measured by duration of surgery was 36.1% and 55.4% respectively, and with operative difficulty measured by the technique was 21.7% and 37.3% respectively with statistically significant differences. The agreement between the 2 indexes was poor. Conclusion: Both indexes were limited in predicting the surgical difficulty of impacted mandibular third molars although the Pernambuco index was better than the Pederson index and the agreement between the two indexes was poor.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Strain Elastography for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Parotid Tumors
Authors: Shi Liuhong , Wu Dingting , Yang Xu , Yan Caoxin , Huang Pintong
Published: February 2023

Objectives Preoperative differentiation between benign parotid tumors (BPT) and malignant parotid tumors (MPT) is crucial for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and strain elastography (SE) for preoperative differentiation between BPT and MPT.

Methods A total of 115 patients with BPT (n=72) or MPT (n=43) who underwent ultrasound (US), SE, and CEUS were enrolled. US and CEUS features and the elasticity score were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of SE, CEUS, and SE + CEUS with respect to identifying MPT from BPT.

Results Solitary presentation, larger diameter, irregular shape, ill-defined margin, heterogeneous echogenicity, and calcification on US and higher elasticity score on SE had a significant association with malignancy. MPT also presented an unclear margin, larger size after enhancement, and “fast-in and fast-out” pattern on CEUS. The combination of SE and CEUS was effective for differentiating MPT from BPT (AUC: 0.88, 0.80–0.95), with a sensitivity of 86.0%, specificity of 88.9%, and accuracy of 87.8%, which were significantly higher than the values for SE (AUC: 0.75, 0.66–0.85) and CEUS (AUC: 0.82, 0.73–0.91) alone.

Conclusion The combination of CEUS and SE is valuable for distinguishing MPT from BPT.
Fewer Preterm Births in the First COVID-19 Pandemic Year? An Evaluation of the Berlin Perinatal Data for the Years 2017 to 2020
Authors: David Matthias , Reutter Tilman
Published: February 2023

Introduction The study analyzes and interprets possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the preterm birth rate. Research questions included: were there fewer preterm births in
Berlin in 2020, the first year of the pandemic, compared to the three years before the pandemic? Were there differences in preterm birth rates grouped according to weeks of gestation?

Method The perinatal data of all singleton pregnancies were evaluated with regard to birth rates in Berlin, and the numbers of preterm neonates born in the three pre-pandemic years
from 2017 to 2019 were compared to the rate for 2020, the first year of the pandemic.

Results The overall number of singleton pregnancies born in maternity hospitals and labor wards in Berlin decreased in the first year of the pandemic. The percentage of preterm
neonates born before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation (GW) was significantly lower in 2020 compared to the three previous years, with significantly more preterm neonates born before 28 + 0 GW and
significantly fewer preterm neonates born between 28 + 0 to 35 + 0 GW. In 2020, significantly fewer neonates born before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation were delivered by primary caesarean
section. The incidence of induced births was approximately the same.

Conclusions In the first year of the pandemic, a range of social, iatrogenic, and biological factors may have had an impact on preterm birth rates. A Germany-wide evaluation of
perinatal data across different German federal states for the period 2020 to 2022 would offer the opportunity to identify the causes of this lower rate of preterm births and determine
whether conclusions can be drawn from this which would affect future strategies to reduce preterm birth rates.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Alkenes towards the Synthesis of β-Bromoethers under Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Fu Zhengjiang , Cai Hu , Chen Feiwu , Hao Guangguo , Yi Xuezheng , Zeng Junhua
Published: February 2023

A metal-free electrochemical method for vicinal difunctionalization of various alkenes with dibromomethane in alcohol as solvent has been well established to synthesize the corresponding β-bromo-α-alkyloxyalkanes with good functional group tolerance under ambient conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate the oxidation of bromine source occurs prior to that of alkene substrate with the involvement of bromine radical during electrolysis.
An Unexpected GIST Causing Life-Threatening Bleeding after an Elective Hernia Repair
Authors: Saleem Athary , Husain Fatemah , Boushehry Reem , Alshamali Mohammed , Fahim Emad , Mohammad Khaleel
Published: February 2023

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the alimentary tract. They are usually manifested by GI bleeding.

Case Presentation A 53-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital for elective inguinal hernia repair. The patient did not have any history of GI symptoms in the past. A day after open inguinal hernia repair, the patient developed recurrent attacks of hematemesis resulting in hemodynamic instability and admission to the intensive care unit. An upper GI endoscopy identified a small bleeding gastric lesion. After multiple failed attempts to control the bleeding endoscopically, an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. An unexpected large fungating bleeding gastric mass was detected. The mass measured approximately 40 × 30 cm, and multiple peritoneal deposits were also discovered. A wedge resection of the anterior gastric wall along with the mass was performed. Histopathology revealed a high-grade (G2) GIST.

Discussion GISTs appear in variable sizes and may lead to a variety of complications including abdominal pain, GI obstruction, and bleeding. This case highlights the unexpected presentation and sudden bleeding of a large GIST in a totally asymptomatic patient undergoing elective hernia surgery. It also illustrates that GIST can be asymptomatic and grow to large sizes before developing clinical manifestations.

Conclusion The case report highlights a common complication of GIST with unexpected timing, immediately after routine hernia surgery.
Prognostic Impact of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Score in Sepsis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Frank Christian Sandberg , Larsen Julie Brogaard
Published: February 2023

The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are widely used for DIC diagnosis. However, the prognostic value of the score may vary between different patient populations and settings. This systematic review investigated the association between the ISTH DIC score and mortality in sepsis patients. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase. Inclusion criteria were studies including adult and pediatric patients hospitalized with sepsis, using any sepsis definition, and investigating the association between mortality and the ISTH DIC score. The review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In total, 42 studies were included. A positive association between the ISTH DIC score and mortality was consistently reported, with odds ratios of death in DIC versus non-DIC patients ranging from 1.125 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.838–1.511) to 21.008 (95% CI: 1.408–313.405) in adults and from 1.378 (95% CI: 1.004–1.893) to 2.99 (95% CI: 0.54–16.6) in pediatric populations. However, the DIC score only had a low-moderate positive predictive value for mortality, as area under receiver-operator characteristics ranged from 0.602 (95% CI: 0.575–0.630) to 0.815 (95% CI: 0.676–0.954) in adults. Of note, only few studies adjusted for potential confounders such as age, gender, and comorbidity. The ISTH DIC score is consistently associated with sepsis-related mortality but is not a strong positive predictor for mortality. Nevertheless, the score may still have a prognostic value and its use in sepsis is encouraged.
Columellar Lengthening in Primary and Secondary Rhinoplasty for Binder's Syndrome: A Fresh Perspective
Authors: Agrawal Kapil , Shrotriya Raghav
Published: February 2023

Binder's syndrome is a developmental disorder with a short columella and nasal base flaring among the many features that have been described. Since the nose occupies the central position over the face, these features appear as a major cosmetic deformity for which patients seek correction. Traditionally various designs of V–Y advancement flap from the upper lip have been described, but they are not without problems. In this article, the authors have discussed a novel design that can mitigate those problems and also described a method of providing additional vascular safety in case of secondary rhinoplasty.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Aseptic Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Klemt Christian , Yeo Ingwon , Harvey Michael , Burns Jillian C , Melnic Christopher , Uzosike Akachimere Cosmas , Kwon Young-Min
Published: February 2023

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for aseptic failure is associated with poor outcomes, patient morbidity, and high health care expenditures. The aim of this study was to develop novel machine learning algorithms for the prediction of PJI following revision TKA for patients with aseptic indications for revision surgery. A single-institution database consisting of 1,432 consecutive revision TKA patients with aseptic etiologies was retrospectively identified. The patient cohort included 208 patients (14.5%) who underwent re-revision surgery for PJI. Three machine learning algorithms (artificial neural networks, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors) were developed to predict this outcome and these models were assessed by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis. This is a retrospective study. Among the three machine learning models, the neural network model achieved the best performance across discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78), calibration, and decision curve analysis. The strongest predictors for PJI following revision TKA for aseptic reasons were prior open procedure prior to revision surgery, drug abuse, obesity, and diabetes. This study utilized machine learning as a tool for the prediction of PJI following revision TKA for aseptic failure with excellent performance. The validated machine learning models can aid surgeons in patient-specific risk stratifying to assist in preoperative counseling and clinical decision making for patients undergoing aseptic revision TKA.
Аre Multivisceral Resections for Gastric Cancer Acceptable: Experience from a High Volume Center and Extended Literature Review?
Authors: Vladov Nikola , Trichkov Tsvetan , Mihaylov Vassil , Takorov Ivelin , Kostadinov Radoslav , Lukanova Tsonka
Published: February 2023

Introduction Multivisceral resections (MVRs) in gastric cancer are potentially curable in selected patients in whom clear resection margins are possible. However, there are still uncertain data on their feasibility and safety considering short- and long-term results. The study compares survival, morbidity, mortality, and other secondary outcomes between standard and MVRs for gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods A monocentric retrospective study in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, covering 2004 to 2020. Of the 336 operable cases, 101 patients underwent MVRs. The remaining 235 underwent standard gastric resections (SGRs), of which 173 patients were in stage T3/T4. To compare survival, a control group of 101 patients with palliative procedures was used—bypass anastomosis or exploration.

Results MVR had a lower survival rate than the SGR but significantly higher than the palliative procedures. The predominant gender in MVR was male (72.3%), with a mean age of 61 years. The perioperative mortality was 3.96% (n = 4), and the overall median survival was 28.1 months. The most frequently resected organs were the spleen (67.3%), followed by the pancreas (32.7%) and the liver (20.8%). In 56.4% of the cases two organs were resected, in 28.7% three organs, and in 13.9% four organs. The main complication was bleeding (9.9%). The major postoperative complications in the MVR were 14.85%, and in the SGR 6.4% (p < 0.05). Better long-term results were observed in patients who underwent R0 resections compared with R1.

Conclusion Multiorgan resections are characterized by poorer survival and a higher complication rate than gastrectomies. On the other hand, they have better long-term outcomes than palliative procedures. However, MVRs are admissible when performed by an experienced surgical team in high-volume centers.
Dissociation slowdown by collective optical response under strong coupling conditions
Authors: Sukharev Maxim , Subotnik Joseph , Nitzan Abraham
Published: February 2023

We consider an ensemble of diatomic molecules resonantly coupled to an optical cavity under strong coupling conditions at normal incidence. Photodissociation dynamics is examined via direct numerical integration of the coupled Maxwell–Schrödinger equations with molecular rovibrational degrees of freedom explicitly taken into account. It is shown that the dissociation is significantly affected (slowed down) when the system is driven at its polaritonic frequencies. The observed effect is demonstrated to be of transient nature and has no classical analog. An intuitive explanation of the dissociation slowdown at polaritonic frequencies is proposed.
Prediction of new spin-forbidden transitions in the N2 molecule—the electric dipole A′5Σg+ → A3Σu+ and magnetic dipole a′1Σu−← A3Σu+ transitions
Authors: Minaev Boris , da Silva Ramon S. , Panchenko Olexander , Ågren Hans
Published: February 2023

On the ground of multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with an account of spin–orbit coupling, we have predicted the probability of two unknown spin-forbidden transitions in the spectrum of the N2 molecule: the electric dipole A′5Σg+ → A3Σu+ emission system and the magnetic dipole a′1Σu− ← A3Σu+ transition. The radiative lifetime of the lowest A′5Σg+ sublevel is less than a microsecond; the magnetic transition induced by the spin current in the triplet state is predicted with relatively low oscillator strength (f = 10−10), which still could be detectable.
Semi-physical demagnetization model for the temperature dependency of permanent magnets in electrical machines
Authors: Kern Alexander , Leuning Nora , Hameyer Kay
Published: February 2023

Losses during the operation of electrical machines heat up permanent magnets which in turn changes their demagnetization behavior. An elevation of permanent magnet’s temperature usually correlates to a decreasing remanence and coercivity. The relation between them may become nonlinear. Existing material models either lack of accuracy or are parameterized with a high number of variables. This paper presents a novel semi-physical material model for permanent magnets with a reduced number, physically based independent variables, which enables a transition between a description of linear and nonlinear demagnetization behavior efficiently.
Phase stability and coercivity in La2Fe14B magnet
Authors: Liu X. B. , Nlebedim I. C.
Published: February 2023

Critical rare-earth free La2Fe14B (2:14:1) has the potential to be a gap permanent magnet. However, La2Fe14B decomposes into La, α-Fe, and LaFe4B4 phases below 1067 K. The phase stability and coercivity have been studied in La2Fe14B magnet using first principles DFT (density functional theory) calculation and micromagnetic simulation. For a perfect La2Fe14 B cube (edge length of 256 nm) without any structural defects and soft magnetic secondary phases, the coercivity (8.5 kOe) is reduced to ∼40% of its magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (HA = 20 kOe). Further, the coercivity sharply reduces to 3.2 kOe upon forming a thin layer (2 nm) of α-Fe on the surface of the La2Fe14B cube particle. The DFT calculations indicate that a partial replacement of La by other rare-earth (RE) elements can enhance the structural stability of 2:14:1. The gains in cohesive energy are 0.75, 0.10, and 0.33 eV per formula unit in (La0.5RE0.5)2Fe14B with RE = Ce, Pr, and Nd, respectively. Stabilizing the 2:14:1 structure and mitigating the formation of soft magnetic structural defects or impurity phases such as α-Fe is necessary to develop La2Fe14B based magnet, which can be moderately achieved via partial substitution of La by other rare earth elements such as Ce, Pr, and Nd.
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and Gilbert damping of two-dimensional half-metallic RhX2 (X = I, Br, Cl) ferromagnets: Density functional theory study
Authors: Bhardwaj Sunayana , Kuanr Bijoy K. , Ghosh Ram Krishna
Published: February 2023

This work studies the monolayer rhodium dihalides family, RhX2 (where X = I, Br, Cl), using density functional theory. We first calculate the spin-polarized electronic band structure, revealing a wide intrinsic half-metallic gap (>1.1 eV) in the down spin bands of RhX2 monolayers. We then calculate the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (EMCA) and Gilbert damping (α), which originate from the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) phenomenon. We use the force theorem for EMCA calculation that results in substantial in-plane anisotropy in RhI2 (−2.31 meV/unit cell) and RhBr2 (−0.52 meV/unit cell), whereas small perpendicular anisotropy in RhCl2 (0.04 meV/unit cell) monolayers. To calculate α, we employ the Kambersky’s torque–torque correlation model and it comes out relatively low (i.e., 0.0212, 0.0079, and 0.0040 for RhI2, RhBr2, and RhCl2, respectively). The Curie temperature of these crystals is calculated using the Ising model and spin-wave theory. This work highlights the importance of 2D RhX2 half-metallic ferromagnets in the fabrication of future nanoscale spintronic devices.
CoFeBX layers for MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction sensors with improved magnetoresistance and noise performance
Authors: Matos F. , Macedo R. , Freitas P. P. , Cardoso S.
Published: February 2023

Magnetoresistive sensors have been enthusiastically selected for applications requiring magnetic field detection with small footprint sensors. The optimisation of the sensor response includes using soft magnetic free layers, based on CoFeB and NiFe alloys. Here we report the TMR and noise performance of magnetically saturated in-plane MTJ sensors including CoFeBTa and CoFeSiB soft magnetic films as free layers (FL). Assessing magneto-crystalline anisotropy μ0Hk values of 2.1 and 0.7 mT in CoFeB 2.5 (nm)/Ru 0.2/CoFeBTa 4 and CoFeB 3/Ru 0.2/CoFeSiB 4 compared to 1.7 mT in CoFeB 2.5/Ru 0.2/NiFe 4, together with an improved magnetoresistance of 230% in CoFeBSi comparing with 170% (NiFe) with superior noise characteristics, with Hooge parameter of αH = 7 × 10−11 μm2.
Finite image size effects on the characterization of magnetic domain patterns via magnetic force microscopy
Authors: Vaka Michael , Ray Joey , Campos Misael , Chesnel Karine
Published: February 2023

Optimizing magnetic thin films for nanotechnologies often requires imaging nanoscale magnetic domain patterns via magnetic microscopy. The finite size of the image may however significantly affect the characterization of the observed magnetic states. We evaluated finite image size effects on the characterization of a variety of stripe and bubble domain patterns exhibited by ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, where the domain size (stripe width and bubble diameter) is around 100 nm. If the image size is too small, below ∼5 μm, it may cause a significant underestimation of average domain size and overestimation of domain density by up to a factor 5 when reducing the image size from about 20 μm to about a 1 μm. Using a criterion based on how the excess density evolves with image size, we found that to obtain reliable statistical estimates of domain density and average domain size, the image needs to be large enough, and include at least about 100 stripes or about 2500 bubbles.
An artificial intelligence framework for predicting fire spread sustainability in semiarid shrublands
Authors: Khanmohammadi Sadegh , Arashpour Mehrdad , Golafshani Emadaldin Mohammadi , Cruz Miguel G. , Rajabifard Abbas
Published: February 2023

Background Fire behaviour simulation and prediction play a key role in supporting wildfire management and suppression activities. Aims Using machine-learning methods, the aim of this study was to predict the onset of fire propagation (go vs no-go) and type of fire behaviour (surface vs crown fire) in southern Australian semiarid shrublands. Methods Several machine-learning (ML) approaches were tested, including Support Vector Machine, Multinomial Naive Bayes and Multilayered Neural Networks, as was the use of augmented datasets developed with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) in classification of fire type. Key results Support Vector Machine was determined as the optimum machine learning classifier based on model overall accuracy against an independent evaluation dataset. This classifier correctly predicted fire spread sustainability and active crown fire propagation in 70 and 79% of the cases, respectively. The application of synthetically generated datasets in the Support Vector Machine model fitting process resulted in an improvement of model accuracy by 20% for the fire sustainability classification and 4% for the crown fire occurrence. Conclusions The selected ML modelling approach was shown to produce better results than logistic regression models when tested on independent datasets. Implications Artificial intelligence frameworks have a role in the development of predictive models of fire behaviour.