bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Louvered Fin Heat Exchangers
Authors: Amirnordin Shahrin Hisham , Djamal Hissein Didane , Norani Mansor Mohd , Khalid Amir , Suzairin Md Seri , Raghavan Vijay R.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the effect of the changes in fin geometry on pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of louvered fin heat exchanger numerically. Three dimensional simulation using ANSYS Fluent have been conducted for six different configurations at Reynolds number ranging from 200 to 1000 based on louver pitch. The performance of this system has been evaluated by calculating pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient. The result shows that, the fin pitch and the louver pitch have a very considerable effect on pressure drop as well as heat transfer rate. It is observed that increasing the fin pitch will relatively result in an increase in heat transfer rate but at the same time, the pressure drop will decrease. On the other hand, low pressure drop and low heat transfer rate will be obtained when the louver pitch is increased. Final result shows a good agreement between experimental and numerical results of the louvered fin which is about 12%. This indicates the capability of louvered fin in enhancing the performance of heat exchangers.
CFD Study on the Effects of Nozzle Number on Turbulent Flow and Energy Separation in a Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube
Authors: Bej Nilotpala , Sinhamahapatra Kalyan Prasad
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the effects of nozzles number on the internal flow in a counter flow Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube (RHVT) are studied. A 3D structured discretized model of a counter flow multi nozzle RHVT is developed to study the dynamic behaviour of the highly swirling, compressible turbulent flow. Simulations of the turbulent flow are performed using standard k-ε model with 2, 4, 6 and 8 number of nozzles at the computational inlet. Total temperature profiles and total energy separations are studied as a function of nozzle number and total nozzle cross section area. It is observed that cooling effect increases as the nozzle number increases irrespective of total nozzle cross section area.
Simulations on Modified Burner Configuration Using CFD
Authors: Chai Almon
Published: December 2013

The findings of computational fluid dynamics simulation results performed on an industrial roller-kiln are presented here. The modification was emphasized on the temperature distribution during the drying process of ceramic-tiles. A computational fluid-dynamics solver was used in the modeling and simulation of the temperature distribution. Boundary conditions for the burners were setup with different temperature outputs for the burners, indicated as initial settings and modified burner configuration settings. The simulation results were shown in contour-plots, demonstrating consistent heat circulation throughout the drying chamber near the burner regions. The comparison of initial and secondary simulation results also demonstrated consistent temperature distribution near the ceramic-tiles region within the drying chamber. This consistency in heat transfer has proven that similar temperature can be achieved with less gas, despite the change in burner-temperature configuration.
Effect of Nozzle Type on Spray Drift in Banding Application
Authors: Hassen Nasir Salim , Sidik Nor Azwadi Che , Md Sheriff Jamaluddin
Published: December 2013

The most important problem that faces spraying application process in the field is spray losses as result to spray drift to non target areas by action of air flow. Spray drift from conventional TeeJet even flat nozzle TPE and Drift Guard Even flat nozzle DGE (pre orifice nozzle) for banding application was investigated and compared under wind tunnel conditions. This paper examined effect nozzle heights 50 and 60 cm on spray drift. To determine the effect of wind speed on spray drift, wind tunnel was used to product three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/s. According to the results from this study, nozzle type affected significantly the spray drift. Increasing wind speeds had a high significant effect on increasing the spray drift. Nozzle height affected significantly the spray drift, the closer the nozzle is to the ground, the more the likelihood of spray drift is minimized. This study supports the use of nozzle type DGE as a means for minimizing spray drift.
Two Phase Flow Modeling of the Interior Ballistics for a Naval Medium Caliber Gun with Guided Projectile
Authors: Elsadek Hazem , Zhang Xiao Bing , Rashad Mahmod M. , Cheny Cheng
Published: December 2013

This paper discusses the two phase (gas/Particles) flow effect of interior ballistic performance in a 76 mm naval medium caliber gun with guided projectile, using granular seven-perforated propellant. The theoretical and numerical simulation of the two phase flow in the interior ballistic cycle is carried out by using MacCromack technique depending on the governing equations of the two phase flow. This simulation is considered to be helpful for the prediction of the interior ballistic parameters which are required for endurance of guided projectile. A good agreement between the simulation results compared to the experimental results is fulfilled. Keywords: Guided projectile, two phase flow modeling, Interior ballistic, Computational fluid dynamics.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microchannel Using Nanofluids
Authors: Fadzin Khairul Afif , Lee Ann
Published: December 2013

Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in two-dimensional microchannel heat sink (MCHS) using Al2O3-water, CuO-water and TiO2-water was conducted. The effect of different type of nanoparticles at particle volume concentration of 1%, 2% and 5% on the thermal performance in the MCHS was examined. The thermal performance is increased when nanofluids with high thermal conductivity and low dynamic viscosity was used. As the particle volume concentration increases, the heat transfer performance also improved. The result shows that the heat transfer performance of all the nanofluids used in this study was better than that of pure water. Overall, nanofluids with Al2O3-water at 5% particle volume concentration show the best cooling performance.
Investigation of Phasing on Synthetic Jet Actuator Arrays
Authors: Goh Jhao Jinq , Lee Ann
Published: December 2013

Unsteady computations of laminar flow have been performed for two-dimensional configurations of micro-channel equipped with two synthetic jets. The effect of phasing has been investigated at in-phase and 180̊ out-of-phase of the synthetic jet actuators at a fixed operating frequency and oscillating amplitudes. It was shown that the 180̊ out-of-phase configuration of the synthetic jets promotes better and more continuous flow mixing within the channel during the oscillation. This was due to the discrete pattern of vortex forming which disrupts the main channel flow. The 180̊ out-of-phase jet configuration exhibits higher cooling performance compared to the in-phase jet configuration in terms of the reduction in the maximum temperature in the silicon wafer.
Evaluation of FDM Pattern with ABS and PLA Material
Authors: Hafsa M.N. , Ibrahim Mustaffa , Wahab Md. Saidin , Zahid M.S.
Published: December 2013

Selection of the most suitable Rapid Prototyping (RP) and manufacturing process for a specific part creation is a difficult task due to the development of RP processes and materials. Most current RP processes can build with more than one type of material. The paper presents the evaluation on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic acid (PLA) part produced from Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) as a master pattern for Investment Casting (IC) process. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness for hollow and solid part of FDM pattern for IC process with different layer thickness. The value were taken for both before and after the casting process. Results show that model fabricated with hollow internal pattern structure (ABS material) that produced by low layer thickness is better than other models in terms of its dimensional accuracy (-0.19666mm) and surface roughness (1.41μm). Even though the ABS built part performed better as the model, the PLA build part produces better overall casting result. Final part fabricated with solid pattern (PLA material) that produced by high layer thickness is better than other final parts which its dimensional accuracy (-0.12777mm) and surface roughness (3.07μm).
Prediction of Particle Impact on an Archimedes Screw Runner Blade for Micro Hydro Turbine
Authors: Mutasim Muhammad Ammar Nik , Azahari Nurul Suraya , Adam Ahmad Alif Ahmad
Published: December 2013

Energy is one of the most important sources in the world especially for developing countries. The subject study is conducted to predict the behaviour of particle due to errosion from the river through the achimedes screw runner and predict the impact of particle toward blade surface. For this reason, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are used. The three-dimensional flow of fluid is numerically analyzed using the Navier-Stokes equation with standard k-ε turbulence model. The reinverse design of archimedes screw blade was refered with the previous researcher. Flow prediction with numerical results such as velocity streamlines, flow pattern and pressure contour for flow of water entering the blade are discussed. This study shows that the prediction of particle impact occurs mostly on the entering surface blade and along the leading edge of the screw runner. Any modification on the design of the screw runner blade can be analyze for further study.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Speed Using Pin on Disc Tribotester
Authors: Syahrullail Samion , Nuraliza Noorawzi
Published: December 2013

Problems during interaction between two metal contact surfaces when friction, wear and excessive heat occurred. This interaction between two surfaces of moving parts of the metal have to be controlled by lubrication flow whose function to reduce friction and wear, prevent oxidation and also corrosion on the metal surface contact. The effect through this problem, it will decrease life of each component and economic wasted. The purpose of this paper is to investigate wear rates and friction force on sliding surfaces, wear scar diameter with different lubricating oil. This paper evaluates using a pin on disc tribotester according to the ASTM G99-95a.The results show RBD palm olein is lower than hydraulic oil for coefficient friction and wear scar diameter lubricated with RBD palm olein lower at low and high speed compared to the hydraulic oil. As a conclusion, RBD palm olein has better performance properties in terms of friction reduction (coefficient of friction) and wear resistance (anti-wear properties) at low and high speed. Therefore, RBD palm olein has possibility to use as a lubricant of mating components.
Numerical Investigation of the Heat Distribution in an Annular Diffuser Equipped with Twisted Rectangular Hub
Authors: Shukri Ehan Sabah , Wirachman Wisnoe , Zailani Ramlan
Published: December 2013

Heat distribution and flow behaviors in an annular diffuser with twisted rectangular hub have been numerically simulated in the present work. The study is conducted with three different twist ratios (Y/W = 2.3, 1.5, and 1.16) for Reynolds number 2.5 × 104. The geometry of the annular diffuser with the rectangular hub and the inlet condition are kept constant. The results show that heat distribution increases as twisted ratio (Y/W) decreases.
Two-Phase Flow Interior Ballistics Model of Naval Large Caliber Guided Projectile Gun System
Authors: M. Rashad Mahmoud , Zhang Xiao Bing , El Sadek Hazem , Cheng Cheng
Published: December 2013

The two-phase flow mathematical model for the solid granular propellant and its products of combustion inside large caliber naval gun guided projectile system (NGGPS) during interior ballistic cycle is presented. The model includes the governing equations of mass, momentum and energy for both phases as well as the constitutive laws. The discharged combustion products from the igniter vent-holes into the chamber are acquired by incorporation in the model the two-phase flow model of the bayonet igniter. The system of equations of the two-phase flow model is solved using the second order accurate Maccromacks technique. A one dimensional model introduced by G.A. Sod (shock tube) is utilized to test the ability of Maccromacks algorithm in solving the initial boundary value problem (IBVP) for the system of equations with shock wave behavior. The numerical method is verified by using an exact solution of a test problem. The moving control volume conservation method (MCVC) is used to handle the moving boundary as well as a self-adapting method was used to expand the computational domain in order to follow the movement of the projectile down the gun bore. The numerical results are validated with experimental data. The interior ballistics performance of a 130 mm naval guided projectile gun system is closely predicted using the presented two-phase flow model and the numerical code.
An Assessment of Turbulence Models in Simulating a Synthetic Jet
Authors: Gomang Greg G. , Lee Ann
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a two-dimensional numerical study on the interaction of synthetic jet and the cross flow inside a microchannel. Three different turbulence models namely the standard k-, Shear Stress Transport (SST) and Scale Adaptive Simulation Shear Stress Transport (SAS SST) were tested for their ability to predict the flow structure generated by a synthetic jet. The results are validated against existing experimental data. The SAS SST model was found to give the most realistic prediction of the fluid flow based on the good agreement with experimental data.
Heat Transfer of Aluminium-Oxide Nanofluids in a Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Nasir Faiza Mohamed , Bahari Mohd. H. , Aiman Y.
Published: December 2013

Experimental works were conducted to investigate the effect of Al2O3 sizes and volumeconcentration on the rate of nanofluids heat transfer in a compact heat exchanger. Two sizes ofAl2O3 nanoparticle, 40 nm and 100 nm, were mixed with demineralized water at 2% and 10%volume concentrations. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) powder was added to enhance the mixingprocess and stabilize the dispersion of the nanofluids. A custom-made closed loop test rig weredesigned, fabricated and tested for these experiments. The test rig was set-up to represent the actualapplication of the nanofluids in cooling of a compact heat exchanger. Experimental runs wereconducted which include the runs for water, 40 nm Al2O3-water and 100 nm Al2O3-water. Theresults indicate that Al2O3-water gave better heat transfer performance than water alone. Nanofluidswith 40 nm- Al2O3 gives better heat transfer performance as compared to 100 nm- Al2O3 nanofluids.The results of the current work generally indicate that nanofluids have the potential to enhance theheat transfer of a compact heat exchanger if properly designed. This superior performance of thenanofluids would only be produced if smaller diameter of nanoparticles were used (less than 100nm). No enhancement in heat transfer can be observed by using nanofluids with particle size of 100nm or at higher volume loading (more than 5%).
Influence of Manufacturing Process on Stress Distributions in Mechanical Parts
Authors: Poruba Zdenek , Szweda Jan
Published: December 2013

The presented paper deals with the influence of manufacturing process on the stress state of mechanical parts. The problem is presented in the assembly of the belt drum. The connections of individual parts are realized by press fitting and welding technology. The practical use of the belt drum shows the initiation of cracks in the weld body. The presence of press fitting connection in the structure is marked as the origin of high stresses in the weld body. The paper proposes the new assembly method in order to reduce the stress level in the weld structure and points the assembly method as one of important factors influencing the stress state of mechanical parts.
Micro-Scale Abrasion of WC-Based Coatings with Different Abrasive Type
Authors: Zakiah Kamdi , Shipway P.H. , Voisey K.T.
Published: December 2013

Various research programmes have been conducted examining cermet coatings regarding wear, corrosion and the combination of both (erosion-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion). Several methods have been used to deposit cermet coatings, the most common being thermal spraying or hard facing (weld overlaying). In the current work, the micro-scale abrasion of coatings deposited using both high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying and weld overlay techniques are compared. The weld-overlayed WC-nickel alloy systems have the carbide particles are typically two orders of magnitude larger than in the sprayed coatings. Micro-scale abrasion tests were performed using silicon carbide, alumina and silica particle slurries with abrasive particle sizes in the range of 2-10 μm in all cases. Wear rates were determined and the wear scars were examined using SEM to elucidate the dominant wear mechanisms. The wear rate is generally observed to decrease with decreasing abrasive hardness from silicon carbide, followed by alumina and silica.
Modelling and Simulation for Optimum Design and Analysis of Riser in Sand Casting with Experimental Validation
Authors: Narkhede B. E. , Choudhari C.M. , Mahajan S.K.
Published: December 2013

Solidification of metals continues to be a phenomenon of great interest to physicists, metallurgists, casting engineers and software developers. It is a non-linear transient phenomenon, posing a challenge in terms of modelling and analysis. This paper attempts to study heat flow within the casting, as well as from the casting to the mould, and finally obtains the temperature history of all points inside the casting. The most important instant of time is when the hottest region inside the casting is solidifying. ANSYS software has been used to obtain the last solidifying region in the casting process by performing transient thermal analysis. Location of the hot spot predicted by software simulation showed good agreement with the experimental trial. It was also observed that the simulation of casting helps in obtaining optimum design of riser.
A Study of Energy Absorption Performances of Pultruded Composites under Quasi-Static Compressive Loadings
Authors: Masran Saiful Hadi , Ismail Al Emran , Marian Mohd Fairuz
Published: December 2013

This work presents a study of energy absorption performances of pultruded composite tubes under quasi-static compressive loadings. The as-received tubes were chamfered at 35, 45 and 550. The purpose of chamfered tube edge is to initiate the crushing process and to make sure the tubes were progressively collapsed under quasi-static compressive loadings. According to the present results, for 3 mm tube thickness, varying chamfering angles are not significantly affected the force-displacement curves. Except for the case of 550 showed higher peak force compared with other angles. However, if the thickness is increased to 5 mm, the effect on the curves of force versus displacement is tremendous where higher chamfering angles produced higher energy absorption performances.
The Development of New STEP-NС Code Generator (Milling STEP Coder)
Authors: Kassim Noordiana , Yusof Yusri , Nawi Nazri Mohd , Awang Mohd Zakiyamani
Published: December 2013

This research explored ISO 14649 together with ISO 6983 and utilize STEP-NC in overcoming the problems of G & M code and at the same time take advantage of the current advances in computing and controllers. A new STEP-NC Code Generator called Milling STEP Coder, which focuses on the milling process that are able to generate STEP-NC codes based on ISO 14649 Part 11 was developed. This system also has the capabilities to visualize the STEP-NC codes generated in a parent to child relationship tree-view structure, as well as give an image visualization of how the end machining will appears. The developed Milling STEP Coder uses Software Prototyping Model as its software development methodology, instead of the normal waterfall model, as prototype is a valuable mechanism for gaining better understanding of the system requirements. A small-scale mock up of the system was developed following an iterative modification process. The advantages of the proposed Milling STEP Coder program was verified and evaluated. The Milling STEP Coder can generates STEP-NC codes through a STEP-NC compliant interface and will give industries and academician more in-depth understanding and confidence to make the switch from G & M code to STEP-NC.
Analysis of Human Emotion State in Collaboration with Robot
Authors: Azni Jafar Fairul , Abdullah Nurhidayu , Blar Noraidah , Muhammad M.N. , Kassim Anuar Mohamed
Published: December 2013

In order for humans and robots to interact in an effective and instinctive manner, robots must obtain information about the human emotional state in response to the robots actions. This is important as the presence of robot in manufacturing industry is very wide and robot plays a big role in the emerging of automation manufacturing technology. Consequently, we believed that it is necessary to investigate how human feel about this situation and if robot can understand those human emotions, collaboration with human can be much better. In order to investigate the human emotions, we applied a kansei survey method based on a kansei engineering technology. We request a number of participants to take part in our experiment where they will be in the same environment of where a robot is working on some tasks. The participants will answer those questions in the survey based on what they feel about working together with moving robot. The overall goal is, in fact, to predict in which area in the vicinity of the robot that the human is heading to, especially in term of humans feeling, so that by understanding how human feels of working together with robots, perhaps we can create a better working environment. This paper describes the results of our findings about how human feel when collaborating with robot (s).
Finite Element Analysis for the Tube Sinking Process of the Micro Ti-0.2Pd Tube
Authors: Hong Seok Kwan , Kang Jeong Jin , Kim Jong Deok , Kim Heung Kyu , Lee Sang Yong , Park Chan Hee
Published: December 2013

In this study, the tube sinking process for manufacturing the micro Ti-0.2Pd tube (2.4 mm external diameter, 0.4 mm thickness) was simulated by finite element analysis. The external diameter of the initial tube was 5.0 mm. In order to simulate the tube sinking process, the flow stress equation was deducted from the result of the tensile test and friction coefficient was indirectly obtained through the parameter studies. The simulation results showed the simulation error according to the change of diameter predicted to be less than 2%. The defect of the internal surface by stress was found through the experiment result.
Dynamic Analysis of Micro-Milling Machine
Authors: Hassan S. , Rahim Erween Abdul , Mohid Zazuli , Warap N.M.
Published: December 2013

Dynamic analysis is very important in developing machine structure to sustain the required accuracy, reliability and productivity. The objective of this study is to conduct a dynamic and modal analyses of micro-milling machine. The machine designs were predicted by comparing the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software and experimental hammer testing. Two micro-milling machine designs have been proposed. Natural frequency and mode shape was analyzed in modal analysis which show the result that first mode recorded frequency of 92.086 Hz for design A and 154.78 Hz for design B. Natural frequency of design B was higher than design A. From the comparision, it can be concluded that Design B was selected as a best design.
Magnesite Effect to the Alumina Sintering for Heat Sink Application
Authors: Nor Nor Hafiez Mohamad , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Abu Kasim Nur Atikah , Teng Wan Dung , Idris M.I.I.
Published: December 2013

In the modern world with an extensive improvement of science and technologies, alumina (Al2O3) ceramics have been identified as one of the usable materials in production of electronic components. This project attempts to investigate the magnesite (MgCO3) effect to Al2O3 sintering for heat sink application. The effect of MgO percentage varying from 0% to 50% has been in investigated, emphasizing on the flexural strength test, thermal conductivity test, elastic modulus test, shrinkage percentage and density measurement. The result revealed that the MgO give an effect to the final thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al2O3 material at high sintering temperature (i.e. at temperature of 1600°C). Throughout an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of Al2O3 and MgO compositions, it was revealed that spinel, periclase and corundum phases exist for all sintered temperature which contributes to strengthen grain boundaries and improved mechanical properties.
Process Parameter Optimization for Better Hydro-Forming Performance of a Trailing Arm Tube
Authors: Lin Shen Yung , Liao Hong Yi
Published: December 2013

This work presents the tube forming characteristics of a trailing arm which the whole forming processes are arranged through pre-bending twice and hydro-forming once. This work utilizes the finite element method to simulate the hydro-forming process of the trailing arm by changing the process parameters, such as velocity of left and right punches and internal hydraulic pressure, etc. The effects of process parameters on the distribution states of the tube wall-thickness, distribution of equivalent stresses and strains, and formability of the forming arm are thus investigated. Taguchi method, orthogonal array and factor response are then applied together to determine the optimal process parameter combinations corresponding to two single-quality objects, minimum tube wall-thickness and maximum equivalent stress, with nominal-the-best and smaller-the-better, respectively. It shows that the velocity of the right punch for the billet material axial feeding supplement should be larger than that of the left punch preventing the uneven bursting of the tube-wall on right-end. The analysis of variance also shows that left punch velocity is a major contribution parameter for tube wall-thickness while that primarily affects the equivalent stress is the internal pressure.
Determination of Heat Flux Intensity Distribution and Laser Absorption Rate of AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: Mohid Zazuli , Warap N.M. , Ismail M.I.S. , Ibrahim R. , Rahim Erween Abdul
Published: December 2013

The prediction of fluctuated temperature distribution generated by pulsed wave laser in laser assisted micro milling (LAMM) is crucial. The selection of processing parameter by minimize the effect on the processing characteristic is decisive to ensure the machining quality is high. Determining the effect of heat generated in underneath surface is important to make sure that the cutting tools are able to cut the material with maximum depth of cut and minimum defects in term of tool wear and tool life. In this study the simulation was carried by using Ansys APDL. In order to confirm the actual and distribution irradiation of temperature from simulation, an experimental was done to validate the results. The experiment was conducted by using Nd:YAG laser with wavelength 1064 nm.
A Combinational Approach for Experts of Committee Machine in Wire Bonding Problem Solving
Authors: Golestaneh Seyed Jafar , Napsiah Ismail , Mohd Ariffin Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin , Tang Say Hong , Naeini Hassan Moslemi , Maghsoudi Ali Asghar , Firoozi Zahra
Published: December 2013

There are three phases to solve multiple response optimization (MRO) problems. They are experiment design, modelling and optimization. Different committee machines (CMs) are applied for modeling of MRO problem. Two kinds of CM introduced by current authors in recent works. Initial approach includs utilization of all experts in CM and finally sequentilal combinational model (SCM) is created. Current study proposes a combinational approach to filter and select the best experts to create CM which yields optimum combinational model (OCM). Also , there was another modeling with name point approach model (PAM). This study investigated two different features of different SCMs, PAM and OCM in a famous MRO problem with name wire-bonding. This problem was defined in 1997 and then, several researchers solved it in next years. The results show PAM has minimum RMSE but its global desirability is low. Also overall RMSE has a slightly fall from SCMs to OCM , whereas, there is gently rise in global desirability from SCMs to OCM and consequently proposed approach or OCM provides superior results.
Digital Object Memory Integration into Indirect Surface Roughness Measurement in Turning
Authors: Aruväli Tanel , Otto Tauno
Published: December 2013

The paper investigates in-process signal usage in turning for indirect surface roughness measurement. Based on theoretical surface roughness value and in-process signal, a model is proposed for surface roughness evaluation. Time surface roughness and in-process signal surface roughness correlation based analysis is performed to characterize tool wear component behavior among others. Influencing parameters are grouped based on their behavior in time. Moreover, Digital Object Memory based solution and algorithm is proposed to automate indirect surface roughness measurement process.
Interpreter for Open Architecture CNC System: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Latif Kamran , Yusof Yusri
Published: December 2013

Conventional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are operated by controllers. Each controller has software model inside known as interpreter. The function of interpreter is to translate input data model code into CNC understandable internal data structure. These conventional CNC controllers are found to be closed in nature and are dependent on vendor specifications. In order to overcome these problems open architecture control systems are introduced. This paper presents an interpreter for open architecture CNC control system. The developed interpreter takes current available Computer Aided Design (CAD)/ Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems generated International Standard Organization (ISO) 6983 file in text (.txt) format as input and extracts the position, feed rate, spindle etc data from code. Then finally it writes interpreted code in user defined .txt and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats.
Recent Developments in Contra-Flow Crawler in Pipeline
Authors: Haniffa Mohamad Azmi Md , Hashim Fakhruldin M.
Published: December 2013

Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) is a device which is inserted into a pipeline and travels throughout the entire length of pipeline and has been used since over 100 years in the petroleum industries to maintain the condition of pipelines mainly for smoothness of production and transportation of hydrocarbon products. Setbacks of conventional PIG; (1) can only move in the direction of the fluid flow, and therefore, (2) they need to be inserted at a specific point in the pipeline during application. This exercise is costly or even dangerous in some circumstances as it requires intervention of human. In order to overcome such difficulties in pigging, several development works of pipeline contra-flow crawler have been developed and aimed at solving the problem of entering and leaving the pipeline from a single exit. The essential bidirectional capability makes it very valuable to many industries, especially the petroleum industries. The objective of this paper is to review the recent developments of contra-flow crawler which has become a continual interest of PIG developers. The review carried out would serve as an industrial application in a form of a quick reference of recent developments in contra-flow crawler in pipeline, and for related industries.
Algorithm to Detect Roundabout Environments for Mobile Robot Based on Laser Range Finder and Camera
Authors: Ali Mohammad Abdo Hashem , Mailah Musa , Howe Hing Tang , Rahim Mohd Akmal Baharain A.
Published: December 2013

This research is aimed towards developing an algorithm for detecting road roundabout environments and estimating the collision free-path. Laser range finder (LRF) and camera are combined together to detect the mini-roundabout environments that are developed and built in a laboratory setting. The signal processing of the LRF is accomplished in MATLAB environment using the proposed algorithm to determine the road curbs and find the current position of the mobile robot within the environments. The video processing is performed also in MATLAB to identify the roundabout center when it is detected. The experiments are performed using the developed experimental setup and the data are processed in real-time. The results demonstrate the capability of the algorithm to effectively recognize the roundabout environments.
AFC Motor Control Using Low Cost and Mobile Data Acquisition System with dsPIC30 Microcontroller and Lubin Kerhuel Blockset for MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Abdullah Shariman , Mailah Musa , Tang Howe Hing
Published: December 2013

Data acquisition system (DAQ) plays an important role in research activities. Commercially available DAQ can be expensive and most are PC based and can be overly equipped for the task at hand. This paper proposes a low cost and mobile DAQ system with a dsPIC30 microcontroller form Microchip and program using Lubin Kerhuel Blockset for MATLAB/Simulink. An experimental rig consisting of a Maxon motor equipped with an Escon motor driver connected to a dsPIC30F3014 microcontroller was developed to demonstrate the potential of the proposed system. AFC was used as the control system and result from the experimental setup was presented in MATLAB/Simulink. Results clearly imply the viability of the proposed setup.
Gravity Effects on the Density of Laminated Composite due to the Differences in Angle Cured
Authors: bin Yaakob Mohd Yuhazri , Jennise Teng Teng Tan , Sihombing H. , Ahsan Qumrul , Lau S.T.W. , bin Ghazali Mohd Imran
Published: December 2013

This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry especially for developing Small and Medium Industry (SMI). Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. The aim of the research was to investigate the density property of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 had the same density value with control sample, SN1 that had value of 1.46 g/cm3.
Fouling Characterization of Polysulfone-Grafted-Methyl Methacrylate Membrane
Authors: Yunos Muhamad Zaini , Harun Zawati , Basri Hatijah , Taib Hariati , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: December 2013

This study investigates the effects of different grafting time on the polysulfone grafted methyl methacrylate (PSf-g-MMA) membrane performance. PSf-g-MMA was successfully prepared via UV radiation method. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and benzophenon (BP) were used as a monomer and initiator respectively. Membrane performances were measured based on permeation and rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Degree of grafting was found to increase as grafting time increases and the optimum time was found at 100 minutes. The results revealed that the pure water flux and rejection were significantly improved with the addition of grafting time. The present of MMA also were found to improve fouling properties of the membrane.
Characterization of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Powder Prepared via Sol-Gel Technique in between 100 MHz to 2 GHz
Authors: Yee See Khee , Kiong Sia Chee , Mohd Zarar bin Mohd Jenu
Published: December 2013

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) issue is gaining more attention as the result of proliferation of electrical and electronic devices. In order to reduce the exposure to EMI, shielding and absorbing materials are often applied. This paper discussed the process of forming the nickel-zinc ferrite as one of the absorbing material by mixing the nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate and iron (III) nitrate together. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dielectric measurement are carried out to reveal the characteristic of the specimen. The sintering temperature determines the formation of a pure spinal nickel-zinc ferrite and grain size.
Investigation in Optimization Process Parameter of CaCu3Mn4O12 via Sol-Gel Synthesis
Authors: Nurulhuda A. , Rafidah Ali , Azrina Arshad , Suhaila Yacob , Anwar I.S. , Warikh A.R.M.
Published: December 2013

Due to the disadvantageous of solid state in CaCu3Mn4O12 ceramic processing, the sol gel synthesis has been extensively studied to produce fine size of powder and better homogeneity at low processing temperature. This paper provides a summary to prove that the single phase of CaCu3Mn4O12 ceramic with high purity and characteristic is actually can be produced via sol gel synthesis at relative low temperature under pressureless sintering process. The stoichiometric CaCu3Mn4O12 powders were successfully prepared by the citric gel method with molar ratio of [citrates/metallic io; 1:2. The precursor gel formed was calcined and sintered at range 400 °C to 800 °C. A single-phase CaCu3Mn4O12 fairly well densified at relative low temperature under atmospheric sintering condition. Analysis has been done under XRD and FESEM. Result shown formation of CaCu3Mn4O12 started at 500 °C and was formed completely at 700 °C for 18h. FESEM results turned out that CaCu3Mn4O12 powder particle is submicron in size and highly agglomerates due to high calcinations temperature. Varying in sintering parameter is actually exhibit differences in phase formation, grain size and magnetic behavior.
Effect of Mish Metal Cerium Addition on Fluidity of Aluminum Eutectic Silica Alloys - LM6
Authors: Asmael M.B.A. , Ahmad Roslee , Ourdjini Ali
Published: December 2013

The evaluation of 0.1 to 1.0% of Ce addition effect on fluidity has been investigated. The fluidity of LM6 has decreased with the Ce addition. The effect of Ce can be shown very clearly with a high amount of 1% wt of Ce. The fluidity length of the composites is shorter than that of the LM6 base material. In spiral mold, the fluidity length is shortened when the weight percentage of Ce content is increased in the base metal LM6. Optical microscope images showed that the 1.0 % of Ce additive led to modification of silica morphology which reduced the fluidity length to 28%. The partial modification of silica can be observed clearly in small amount of Ce but it does not have large affect on the fluidity length.
A Review: Effect of Sintering Method on the Decomposition of Hydroxyapatite and Density of Hydroxyapatite Zirconia Composites
Authors: Leong Chee Huan , Muchtar Andanastuti , Tan C.Y. , Razali Masfueh
Published: December 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility. However, the brittleness and low fracture toughness of HA have limited its biomedical applications. As such, HA has been incorporated with zirconia (ZrO2) to enhance its mechanical strength. However, ZrO2 addition decreases the phase stability of HA. HA decomposition is not favored because it decreases the mechanical strength of HA/ZrO2. In this paper, the effect of sintering on HA decomposition is reviewed. Experimental results show that hot isostatic pressing of HA/ZrO2 is one of the most effective methods to suppress HA decomposition, yielding the highest relative density compared with other sintering methods.
Mechanical Properties of Kevlar Reinforcement in Kenaf Composites
Authors: Bakar Noor Haznida , Hyie Koay Mei , Ramlan Ahmad Safwan , Hassan Mohd Khalid , Jumahat Aidah
Published: December 2013

The development of high-performance materials made from natural resources are increasing worldwide in recent years. Natural fibres offer both cost savings and reduction in density when compared to Kevlar fibres. However, the strength of natural fibres is not as great as Kevlar. The following preliminary research investigated the use of Kevlar fibres in kenaf composites as a possible to improve the impact properties. The impact properties of Kevlar reinforced in kenaf composites was studied by using DYNATUP 9250 drop weight machine. According to the standard ASTM D638 Kevlar fibres in different weight percentage of 10,15,20 and 25 wt% were reinforced with kenaf/epoxy composites by using hand lay-up combined with cold-press method. It is clearly observed that the impact strength and hardness were increased with the addition of weight percentage of woven Kevlar in the kenaf composites. The highest energy was recorded at 12.76 J by hybrid composite in combination of 2Kevlar/Kenaf/2Kevlar. The microstructure observation of impacted hybrid samples indicated that the delamination area was increased with the increasing of the impact energy.
Properties and Survival Rate of all Ceramics Dental Crown: A Review
Authors: Theng Kai Yuan , Andanastuti Muchtar , Aboras Mohamed M. , Yahaya Norziha , Ghazali Mariyam Jamaludin
Published: December 2013

All-ceramic dental crown restoration is popular because it results in better aesthetic quality than metal alloy restoration. Ceramics also show superior biocompatibility and inertness to human biological systems. However, clinical experience indicates that all-ceramic crowns are not as durable as their porcelain-fused-to-metal counterparts, particularly on molar teeth. New ceramic biomaterials that combine durability with excellent aesthetic qualities have been developed. In this study, several promising bioceramics for dental crown applications are evaluated and compared. The evaluated parameters include strength of the material, survival rate in clinical performance, and aesthetic quality.
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle
Authors: bin Yaakob Mohd Yuhazri , Jennise Teng Teng Tan , Sihombing H. , Mohamad Noraiham , Yahaya S.H. , Zalkis M.Y.A.
Published: December 2013

Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis on Thermal Conductivity of Fired Clay Bricks Incorporated with Cigarette Butts
Authors: Sarani Noor Amira , binti Abdul Kadir Aeslina
Published: December 2013

Currently higher requirements in thermal performance is needed for the quality of building materials especially fired clay bricks. Thermal conductivity is an important criterion as it will influences the heat losses from building. The objective of this study is to validate the estimation value of thermal conductivity by using theoretical value with the experimental work conducted in the laboratory. The experiment data was collected in order to compare with a theoretical model that obtained the thermal conductivity value based on it relationship with dry density of fired clay bricks. Different percentages of CBs (0%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were incorporated into fired clay bricks. Different heating rates were applied during firing stage, which are 1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min respectively. All samples were fired up to 1050°C. The experimental work for thermal conductivity was carried out using the Hot Guarded Plate Method. Meanwhile, the theoretical result was obtained from the previous study using model developed. Throughout statistical analysis, some trend of thermal conductivity and dry density were revealed. The analysis results show that as the dry density decreased, thermal conductivity also decreased.
Effects of SiO2 Particles in Mechanical Properties of Iron Composite
Authors: Amir Adibah , Mamat Othman
Published: December 2013

Tronohs raw sand was converted into fine silica particles via a series of milling process. Addition of these fine particles into iron composite was found to modify its mechanical properties. The composite was prepared using powder metallurgy technique with varying percentage of silica particles; 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25wt%. The composites were sintered at three different temperatures; 1000° C, 1100° C and 1200° C to find the most suitable sintering temperature. Changes in density and hardness were observed. The results showed that composite consist of 20wt% silica particles and sintered at 1100° C exhibits best improvement.
Multilayer of Ni/Cu Coating Produced via Electroplating Process
Authors: Jikan S.S. , Abdullah S.S. , Ismail M.H. , Ismail N.A. , Badarulzaman Nur Azam
Published: December 2013

Nickel (Ni)/ Copper (Cu) multilayer were deposited on Cu substrate by electroplating process using dual bath technique. Individual sample of multilayer with sublayer thicknesses of 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm and 50 μm have been produced. The structure of the multilayer was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy whereas one of the mechanical properties of the samples was investigated by means of Vickers Hardness. The results showed that the surface hardness of the coated Cu substrate increases if compared to that of pure Cu substrate. Additionally, these values increased when sublayer thickness of samples were decreased.
Investigation on Sound Absorption Coefficients of Betel Nut Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Jayamani Elammaran , Ezhumalai Pushparaj , Hamdan Sinin , Rahman M. Rezaur
Published: December 2013

This research investigates the sound absorption coefficients of betel nut fibers (Areca Fibers) reinforced with thermoplastic (Polypropylene) and thermoset (Unsaturated polyester) matrix composites with different fiber loadings and frequencies. In this research we used 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of betel nut fibers in the polymer matrix and the test frequencies are from 400 Hz to 1800 Hz. There are two standardized methods used for measuring the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of composites namely, standing wave method (ISO 10534-1) and two fixed microphone method (ISO 10534-2). From this research, betel nut fibers reinforced with polymer matrix composites have good sound absorption coefficients at high frequency although the overall sound absorption coefficient is quiet low. The Increase in fiber loading increases the sound absorption coefficients of composites. The types of polymer did not have significant influences on sound absorption coefficients. Both methods of measurement show the same results where the two fixed microphone method is much quicker than standing wave method.