bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Robust Approach to Object Detection in Images using Improved T_CenterNet Method
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Pandey Manju , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: January 2024

Aims:

A Robust Approach to Object Detection in Images using Improved T_CenterNet
Method

Background:

Currently, two-stage image object detectors are the most common method of detecting
objects. However, due to the slow processing of two-stage detectors, it is not always possible
to apply them in real-time.

Objective:

To develop a more robust and effective method for detecting objects in images by
building upon and improving the T_CenterNet algorithm

Methods:

In this research paper, we propose CenterNet, a method based on a one-stage detector
that takes into consideration the heat map branch of CenterNet, which is the most accurate anchorfree
detector. To improve the outcomes of the upcoming image as well as detection efficiency, we
disseminate the previously accurate long-term detection using a heatmap and a cascade guiding
framework.

Results:

On the COCO dataset, our technique obtains detection outcome AP50 -65.5%, APS
(Small Objects)-33.8, APM (Medium Objects)-47.0 at 38 frames per second. The results of the
study show the superiority of the suggested approach over the conventional one.

Conclusion:

In this research, we have introduced an enhanced approach to image object detection
using the improved T_CenterNet method. While the original CenterNet algorithm demonstrated
superior precision compared to other single-stage algorithms, it suffered from slow detection
speed. Our proposed approach, the Hourglass-208 model, built upon CenterNet, significantly improved
detection performance. The proposed T_CenterNet algorithm improves upon the original
CenterNet by incorporating the Hourglass backbone and feature map fusion techniques, enabling
enhanced object detections. Additionally, we applied the Smooth L1 loss function to object size
estimation within T_CenterNet, greatly enhancing overall detection performance by improving
object size regression.
Factors Affecting Psychological Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santosha Sherien , Tiwari Vatsalya , Chand Sharad , Dikkatwar Manoj S. , Roy Supriya , Bindu Radhika
Published: January 2024

:

Global mental health has been put at risk by the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic, both directly and indirectly through disruptive social shifts and
neuropsychiatric repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite a little rise in selfreported
mental health issues, there has not been an increase in the population's rates of
mental disorders, self-harm, or suicide that could be measured objectively. Demographic
factors, such as sex, age, and profession, have emerged as key determinants, with women,
younger individuals, and frontline workers facing elevated risks. In this review, we have
addressed the key considerations that have impacted the mental well-being of the populace
during COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search on the SCOPUS and PubMed databases
was used to find the current research studies on the COVID-19 outbreak relevant to
mental health. According to preliminary research, self-reported stress (8%) and symptoms
of worry and depression (16–28%) have been prevalent psychological responses to the
COVID-19 pandemic and they may have been linked to sleep disruption. This risk has
been reported to be moderated by several individual and systemic factors. Acute and postacute
neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 have also been identified, with a significant
prevalence of fatigue, cognitive decline, and anxiety and depression symptoms,
even months after infection. Coping with challenges, such as social distancing, economic
instability, and altered routines, has posed significant mental health concerns. Access to
mental health resources and robust social support systems has, however, played pivotal
roles in addressing these challenges. The review has underscored the urgent need for comprehensive
mental health interventions, addressing social determinants, ensuring equitable
access to healthcare, and recognizing the enduring effects of the pandemic.
Development of Cloud Point Data Processing Program for 3D BIM and 2D Cross Section Needs
Authors: Mufid Kusuma Muhammad Farhan , Aminullah Akhmad , Sulistyo Djoko
Published: January 2024

The need for technological developments is needed to facilitate performance, accuracy, and effectiveness of work, especially in the field of civil engineering, is needed. With the emergence of innovative LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology scanners that are popularly used for 3D printing, developed into LiDAR Scanners for real field scanning. The result of using a LiDAR Scanner is in the form of point cloud data in a certain format, with a large enough memory. The purpose of this research is to use field point cloud data as 3D BIM data and then form a cross-section of the object. For this purpose, a special program is needed that functions to process cloud point data complexly, and is easy to use to change the shape of cloud point data to 3D data surface and 2D cross sections. The method used in this study is by creating a special program to process data point clouds using script code with the python language and several data point cloud processing libraries. In the program, 2 sub-menus will be created with certain functions: 1) Point Cloud (voxel downsampling, outlier reduction, normalize); 2) 3D model (ball pivoting/poisson surface, reduce vertex, slice mesh, transform mesh). In each data processing, the created program can only process on a specific file format; for point cloud processing in .xyz, .xyzn, .xyzrgb, .pts, .ply, .pcd formats; while for 3D data processing models are in .ply, .stl, .obj, .off , .gltf/glb format. The result of data processing using the created program can be a 3D surface with .ply /.obj format, and for cross-section generated 2D data with .jpg / .png format, and can be in the form of .dxf data for Autocad software. 3D surface data can be used as BIM data, while 2D cross-section data can be used as built 2D.
Study of Sediment Deposit Characteristics based on Geotechnical Properties and Geographic Information System (GIS) Approaches
Authors: Arif Maulana , Fitriana Fifin , Altiarika Eka
Published: January 2024

Several sedimentation processes occur in the downstream area between river mouths and the sea. One of the effects of this sedimentation process is the occurrence of siltation around the coast. Not infrequently, this disrupts sea passages when the ship is about to head to the pier or go to sea. Kuala Beach is one of the locations in Pangkalpinang where the sedimentation process continues to occur enough to disrupt the smooth flow of sea traffic. This study aims to provide an overview and analysis of results related to sediment characteristics, spatial analysis of deposits, and predictions of deposition rates around Kuala Beach, Pangkalpinang City. This research was conducted using the following methods: 1) Method of investigating sediment characteristics by collecting data through field testing in the form of hand drills and laboratory testing, 2) Spatial analysis method by mapping the area of sedimentation based on the results of sediment characteristic tests using Agisoft Metashape and QGIS. The results of this study note that sediment deposits are dominated by sediments with sandy grain characteristics (SP symbol based on the Unified Soil Classification System) and a fine grain content (passing sieve number 200) of around 1-3%. The pattern of distribution of sediment deposits is known to have relatively flat contours and relatively uniform characteristics down to a depth of 1.5 m. The coefficient of grain uniformity (Cu) is in the range of 2.43-8.2 with the tendency of uniformity level getting higher to the southeast. The coefficient of grain gradation (Cc) is in the range of 0.44-1.64 with the tendency of the gradation level getting better to the southeast.
Utilization of Plastic Bottle Waste as Material for Making Sustainable Cement-Less Aesthetic Paving Blocks
Authors: Karisma Dwifi Aprillia , Nursandah Fauzie , Rahmawaty Fitry
Published: January 2024

Plastic is a key ingredient in many products around the world, but its existence has caused serious problems due to the buildup of waste it produces. The construction industry is one of the sectors that can play a role in the utilization of plastic waste. One of them is in the production of paving blocks. This study aims to combine aesthetic aspects and environmental attractiveness in paving blocks without sustainable cement.  An experimental method was chosen to develop an alternative to making sustainable paving blocks without the use of cement. Variations used to start from 20% PET: 80% aggregate, 25% PET: 75% aggregate, 30% PET: 70% aggregate, 35% PET: 65% aggregate, 40% PET: 60% aggregate. The aggregates used are sand and stone ash. Physical and mechanical qualities of paving blocks, such as compressive strength, absorption is carried out to determine the quality of paving blocks. The aesthetic aspect is also in focus by carrying out the concept of "glow in the dark". The results of physical and mechanical quality evaluation show that this paving block has adequate performance. The ratio of 20% PET and 80% sand reached paving category C with a compressive strength of 19.65 MPa, while the mixture with a ratio of 20% PET and 80% stone ash reached paving category B with a compressive strength of 24.20 MPa. This paving can be applied in the use of parks, pedestrian to parking lots. This suggests that the use of PET in the mixture can achieve sufficient strength in the paving industry. However, higher water absorption in mixtures with a higher percentage of PET needs to be taken into consideration. In addition, morphological and structural analysis reveals the presence of pores in the paving block that can affect the overall strength. These pores are caused by uneven melting of PET plastic during the manufacturing process. Based on the LCC evaluation, a higher economic value was obtained, but the resulting environmental impact made the product worthy of being one of the solutions to reduce plastic waste.
Long-Term Outcomes after Conversion to a Belatacept-Based Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Divard Gillian , Aubert Olivier , Debiais-Deschamp Charlotte , Raynaud Marc , Goutaudier Valentin , Sablik Marta , Sayeg Caroline , Legendre Christophe , Obert Julie , Anglicheau Dany , Lefaucheur Carmen , Loupy Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Background

Conversion to a belatacept-based immunosuppression is currently used as a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) avoidance strategy when the CNI-based standard-of-care immunosuppression is not tolerated after kidney transplantation. However, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term benefit and safety after conversion to belatacept.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 311 kidney transplant recipients from 2007 to 2020 from two referral centers, converted from CNI to belatacept after transplant according to a prespecified protocol. Patients were matched at the time of conversion to patients maintained with CNIs, using optimal matching. The primary end point was death-censored allograft survival at 7 years. The secondary end points were patient survival, eGFR, and safety outcomes, including serious viral infections, immune-related complications, antibody-mediated rejection, T-cell–mediated rejection, de novo anti-HLA donor-specific antibody, de novo diabetes, cardiovascular events, and oncologic complications.

Results

A total of 243 patients converted to belatacept (belatacept group) were matched to 243 patients maintained on CNIs (CNI control group). All recipient, transplant, functional, histologic, and immunologic parameters were well balanced between the two groups with a standardized mean difference below 0.05. At 7 years post-conversion to belatacept, allograft survival was 78% compared with 63% in the CNI control group (P < 0.001 for log-rank test). The safety outcomes showed a similar rate of patient death (28% in the belatacept group versus 36% in the CNI control group), active antibody-mediated rejection (6% versus 7%), T-cell–mediated rejection (4% versus 4%), major adverse cardiovascular events, and cancer occurrence (9% versus 11%). A significantly higher rate of de novo proteinuria was observed in the belatacept group as compared with the CNI control group (37% versus 21%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This real-world evidence study shows that conversion to belatacept post-transplant was associated with lower risk of graft failure and acceptable safety outcomes compared with patients maintained on CNIs.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number

Long-term Outcomes after Conversion to Belatacept, NCT04733131.
Política sanitaria dirigida a los pueblos indígenas de México y Chiapas. 1857-1995
Authors: Page Pliego Jaime Tomás
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio aborda los siguientes tres rubros: El trato que ha recibido la medicina indígena en México desde el periodo histórico conocido como de Reforma (aproximadamente 1857) hasta 1995. La política sanitaria dirigida a los pueblos indios de Chiapas, por el Estado mexicano y el Gobierno de Chiapas y su concreción, desde principios de siglo a 1995. El análisis de discusiones y propuestas, obtenidas como resultado de un proceso de investigación participativa, capacitación jurídica y paneles de discusión en relación con el tema “importancia de la legislación en materia de medicina tradicional".
Aportes de san Isidoro de Sevilla a nuestra normatividad
Authors: Olano García Hernán Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Basado en la selección de escolios de san Isidoro de Sevilla, el autor presenta los aportes jurídicos de las etimologías de uno de los máximos filósofos y pensadores medievales, y sus apreciaciones en materia del derecho, así como la actualidad del pensamiento de esta época de la España visigoda en la integración de numerosas obras del actual derecho latinoamericano.
Workplace Sexual Harassment and Me Too Movement in Post Socialist China
Authors: Zheng Tiantian
Published: January 2024

On August 6, 2021, a female employee at the Alibaba Company went on social media to accuse her boss and his client of sexual harassment [1]. In her publicized report, she narrated that, during a business trip, she was demanded by her boss to drink with his client.
Bioinformatics: The Fate Swap of Biological Sciences in Pakistan
Authors: M* Naveed
Published: January 2024

Bioinformatics has now become a global trend, is equipped with all the tools crucial for high through put analysis of biological data. But it is not overlooked in a country like Pakistan in which it has routes in genetics, pharmaceutical industry, environmental and health sectors. The need of hour is to cover up the gap of Bioinformaticians to establish more tools to integrate and analyse the diverse biological data.
In Silico Analysis of Dimethylsulfoxide Reductases from Phototrophic Rhodobacter Species
Authors: Merugu Ramchander
Published: January 2024

In the present study in silico modeling of Dimethylsulfoxide reductases were done and the results are presented. The composition of cysteine and lysine were lowest when compared to the aminoacids alanine and glycine. The instability index of all the enzymes varied but was less than 40 showing that all of them are stable. The negative aminoacids were more compared to the positively charged aminoacids. SOSUI server analysis has shown that all the enzymes were soluble in nature.
Active Deep Learning Techniques for Addressing Logical Problems in Bioinformatics
Authors: Sree P Kiran
Published: January 2024

Biological data is exceptionally immense and unpredictable in nature. This biological data has tremendously helped scientific research immensely; this enormous data must be saved and examined. The most important challenge of researchers and scientists in this field is to examine and interpret the DNA sequences which contain adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).
The Ploc Bal-Manimal is a Powerful Artificial Intelligence Tool for Predicting the Subcellular Localization of Animal Proteins Based on their Sequence Information Alone
Authors: Chou Kuo-Chen
Published: January 2024

Recently a very useful web-server, or AI (Artificial Intelligence) tool, has been established for predicting the subcellular localization of animal proteins purely according to their sequences information for the multi-label systems.
The Workers of the Ant Myrmica sabuleti can Learn and Use a Sequence of Four Odors to Navigate between Nest and Food Site
Authors: MC* Cammaerts
Published: January 2024

The ant Myrmica sabuleti uses essentially odors for navigating. It has also several skills which presume that it could learn, memorize a sequence of odors and afterwards use it for navigating. By training (operative conditioning) then testing forager workers, we demonstrate that these ants are able to soon learn and memorize a sequence of four odors, i.e., thyme, lavender, basilica, and orange zest, linearly set during training between the nest entrance and the food site, and a simple additional experiment showed that the trained ants effectively used the learned sequence of odors for moving between the nest and the food. Moreover, as workers of this ant can associate odors with the time of the day during which they perceive them, they should be able to use a memorized sequence of odors at appropriate time periods in order to optimize a safe navigation. As this ant is known to use visual cues, odometry, area marking, and deposition of the trail pheromone to navigate, it is also liable to combine these strategies with that of following odor sequences.
Evaluation of Delbo Small Scale Irrigation Scheme Performance Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: D Muluken
Published: January 2024

Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region have launched a number of small-scale irrigation projects to help farmers achieve food self-sufficiency. However, because their systems' performances have not been assessed, it is unknown what level of performance they are capable of. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Delbo small-scale irrigation system in southern Ethiopia. The result revealed that, the output per cultivated hectare was between 7668.96 and 31585.36 birr/ha, and the output per season's unit command area ranged between 5560 and 21583.33 birr/ha. The irrigation supply output per unit ranges between 1.0 and 3.32 birr/m3. The relative water supply (RWS) and irrigation water supply (RIS) were 2.03 and 2.75, respectively. This indicated that irrigation water was not in limited supply, and more water was diverted to the Delbo irrigation facilities. The average application efficiency of the chosen farmer's field was 53.3%, storage efficiency was 61.73%, distribution uniformity was 75.58%, and conveyance efficiency was 73.4%. Field I was more effective than Field II in terms of irrigation water management, while Field III was the least effective. One issue that must be addressed to ensure the sustainability of the schemes is to increase the management abilities of the users in order to improve the scheme's water use.
Review article on the Gridharasi (Sciatica)
Authors: B Humagain
Published: January 2024

Low back pain is one of the most common ailments in today's modern age affecting 75% to 80% of the population it affects people of all ages, from child to old age. Among the various causes of lower back pain, sciatica (Ghrdasi) can be considered as the most common cause. Sciatica (Ghrdasi) is pain in the sciatic nerve that runs from the lower back down one or both legs. The intensity of pain in sciatica is so extreme that it interferes with the person's daily activities. In Gridharasi, the pain starts from the waist and goes to the lower back (back), thigh (thigh), janu (knee), thigh and foot (feet) and the pain may also be associated with stiffness and heaviness of the body. In Ayurveda treatment, Panchakarma process along with proper yoga asana can be used to manage Gridharasi disease.
An Outlook of Amavata W.S.R to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: S Sanjna
Published: January 2024

With modernisation dietary habits, life style, social structure and environment have been changing. Due to lack of physical activity and sedentary life style, metabolism of body is getting slower. In Ayurveda this is called dysfunction of Agni (Jatharagni and Dhatwagni). Impaired status of Agni leads to formation of Ama. Deposition of Ama hampers the functions of Vata leading to condition called Amavata. Occurrence of Amavata on large scale is one of the outcomes of this modernisation. Amavata is progressive sporadic disorder found in general population with complaints of difficulty in doing routine work due to dysfunction of joints especially due to pain, stiffness and swelling. Clinical presentation of Amavata closely resembles with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of synovial joints leading to destruction of joint and periarticular tissue. Patients are almost functionless for their work due to sluggish movement and painful condition. Amavata is one of the most troubles causing disorder for patients due to its deformity causing nature. It is also very challenging for clinicians due to its chronicity, incurability, and complications. Lack of awareness in the society about disease people suffer lifelong joint deformity. Contemporary system of medicine offers only symptomatic and palliative treatment which has more complications than benefits to the patients.
Leucorrheal Discharge Managed by Yoga with Homoeopathic Treatment
Authors: Kumari Soni
Published: January 2024

Leucorrhoeal discharge is physiological discharge; it is generally defined as white fluid discharged from the female genitalia. Sometimes it flows as whites and sometimes it is sticky, discoloured like yellowish, greenish etc; and sometime leucorrhoea becomes thick. Its characteristics alter depending on the women's ages or how frequently they travel. But due to a vaginal infection or other circumstances discharge become abnormal, in this condition yoga is more beneficial in regular practice. Yoga provides strength in muscles and regulates and maintains the circulation of the body. Yoga keeps the relaxed and energetic of body. Homoeopathic treatment is given by a homoeopathic expert based on patient symptoms.
Concept of Integrated Drugs Development
Authors: GS Lavekar
Published: January 2024

Drugs are an integral part of treatment in health care, it is a belief that the drugs should be free from side effects should be safe and not to create any disease. The chemical or allopathic drugs which are having some side effects may be combined with Ayurveda herbal drugs to pacify their side effects or bring to minimal level. Another aspect is that the Ayurved herbal drugs are slow and weak in action, but quite safe, on other side the allopathic drugs are comparatively fast, bit strong but with some side effects. If these two are combined like an example of anti-diabetic allopathic drug metformin which is most prescribed. The Metformin is having some side effects like diarrhoea, metallic test, loss of appetite etc., on other side ayurvedic anti-diabetic drug Andrographis paniculate may be a safe combination as Andrographis has protective effects on gastrointestinal tract also. Such integrative approaches will be an ideal in developing integrative potential and safe drugs. This strategy will work effectively and may find an innovative solution for lifestyle related diseases.
The Comparative Study of Different Pharmacopoeias: Indian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia
Authors: P Bachhav
Published: January 2024

The objective of the study is to ensure Indian pharmacopoeia monographs are on par with United States, British pharmacopoeia standards. A few monographs were selected on random and compared. It has been observed that Indian pharmacopoeia has replaced titrimetrry assay method of analysis to sophisticated chromatographic techniques. As a whole the comparative study reveals that Indian pharmacopoeia is on par with United States, British pharmacopoeia and it is necessary that global countries also recognize Indian pharmacopoeia. General monographs available in Indian pharmacopeia 2014 were compiled and analyzed to identify the number of analytical method employed especially in the assays. HPLC Method of analysis is highest used where ever necessary UV method is made available instead especially for formulation, Indian pharmacopeia Commission is periodically updating indian Pharmacopoeia on par with ICH Q4 pharmaceutical harmonization and has its unique identity over years and being recognized globally.
Navigating Uncertainty: Exploring Elementary School Teachers' Perspectives on Metacognitive Development in the VUCA Era
Authors: Jannah Widia Nur , Agustin Mubiar , Rahman Rahman , Herman Tatang
Published: January 2024

Metacognition is the ability that learners have to know, control, and evaluate their thinking processes, as well as learning strategies, can be used to solve problems through three stages, namely the stages of understanding the problem, solving the problem, and evaluating on metacognition knowledge. This shows that metacognition ability is an important aspect of learning. The novelty of this research is the findings obtained from the teacher's perspective on the importance of metacognition of elementary school (SD) students which has not been widely researched by other scientists. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school teachers' perceptions of the importance of metacognition skills with indicators such as 1) Teachers' understanding of the meaning of metacognition skills, 2) The importance of metacognition skills for elementary school students, 3) Understanding of the types of metacognition knowledge, 4) Understanding of the aspects of metacognition, namely cognitive knowledge and regulation of cognition. To obtain these data, the approach used is qualitative with descriptive methods. The research techniques and instruments used were observation and documentation study with instruments in the form of observation sheets and documentation. Primary data sources were from primary school teachers in West Java, Indonesia, and secondary data from relevant literature. The information obtained from the informants was then analyzed with the stages of reduction, display, and interpretation. After the analysis stage is over, the collected data is then validated by data triangulation through validating the source of observation, and strengthened by documentation. The results showed that teachers' perceptions of metacognition consider it important, especially students' metacognition in learning, and the metacognitive abilities of elementary school students are also quite good. The theoretical implication of the results of this study is that this research strengthens the opinion about the importance of teachers' perceptions of students' metacognition abilities to form these abilities.
Exploring the Depths of Market Basket Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Transaction Analysis with FP-Growth and Apriori Algorithms
Authors: Pratama I Wayan Pio
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the role of data science in understanding customer behavior and enhancing sales, focusing specifically on the application of Apriori and FP-Growth Algorithms at a retail store, Deli Point, in Labuan Bajo. It illuminates the impact of 'rubbish data' on transactional data analysis, emphasizing the need for robust data cleaning procedures to ensure accurate results. Utilizing the faster FP-Growth Algorithm, the study effectively analyzed customer purchasing patterns to identify optimal product combinations for sales improvement. It discovered that 'parsley local' and 'mint flores' items had the highest support with a value of 0.036, indicating that strategic placement of these items together could enhance sales. The rule between chicken leg bone, orange sunkist, and chicken breast boneless was found to have a high confidence value and a lift value higher than 1, implying a higher potential for these items to be sold when positioned near each other. This study contributes to understanding consumer behavior and provides insights for enhancing sales and competitiveness in the retail industry. An association rule involving 'chicken leg bone’, 'orange sunkist', and 'chicken breast boneless' demonstrated high confidence and a lift value above one, suggesting significant sales potential when these items are grouped together. This study not only contributes valuable insights into retail consumer behavior and effective product placement strategies but also underscores the transformative role of data science in optimizing sales and boosting competitiveness in the retail sector.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON HOW MALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE CONNECT TO THEIR MATHEMATICS ANXIETY
Authors: Onoshakpokaiye Odiri E.
Published: January 2024

Given that it is a required subject in both elementary and postsecondary education, mathematics has been identified by some students as being challenging. Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of mathematics. However, further research on the psychological characteristics of males in math classes in secondary schools in Delta State is needed, which is why this study was conducted. The study aimed to determine if test anxiety levels among male secondary school students and their academic performance in mathematics are related. Two research questions and two hypotheses were used in the study. The study's design was a correlation. The research population consisted of all 1650 senior secondary year two (SS2) math students in Delta State. A sample of 771 male students was selected using a multistage sampling process. The Mathematics Test Anxiety Questionnaire (MTAQ), which was validated by three experts, was the instrument used to collect data. The reliability coefficient, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, was 0.69. The students’ mathematics scores represent their academic performance. To analyze the data, Pearson product-moment correlation was employed. The study's findings demonstrated that test anxiety levels did not correlate academic performance of male students in secondary school mathematics. Furthermore, there was a sizable gap among male secondary students who had high and low anxiety in math.
HUBUNGAN ALIGNMENT KNEE JOINT TERHADAP AGILITY PADA PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA AMATIR SEKOLAH SEPAK BOLA (SSB) USIA 11-14 TAHUN
Authors: Rakhel Artania Corry , Nasirudin Yusuf , Sudarsono Ari
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Alignment knee joint (bentuk sendi lutut) mempunyai hubungan yang negatif dengan tingkat kelincahan. Yang artinya semakin tinggi jarak bentuk sendi lutut maka akan semakin rendah skor dari kemampuan kelincahan. Dan kemampuan kelincahan merupakan salah satu keterampilan paling penting yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang pemain sepak bola sedari usia dini. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian “cross sectional” yang dilakukan sekali dalam satu waktu untuk mencari hubungan alignment knee joint terhadap agility pada pemain sepakbola amatir sekolah sepak bola (ssb) usia 11-14 tahun yang berlokasi di jakarta dan depok.Hasil : uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji spearman dengan hasil nilai sig(2-tailed) untuk hubungan antara alignment knee joint dengan agility T test P=0,044 untuk hubungan antara alignment knee joint dengan pengukuran shuttle run test terdapat  nilai sig(2-tailed)  sebesar P=0,035. Simpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara alignment knee joint terhadap agility pada pemain sepakbola amatir sekolah sepak bola (ssb) usia 11-14 tahun.
A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF REPORTING VERBS IN SHORT ESSAY
Authors: Febriyanti Denisa Nur , Yuliawati Susi
Published: January 2024

The present research aims to analyze the use of reporting verbs in short essays written by undergraduate students of English major at a university in Indonesia. The study focuses on the frequency analysis of reporting verbs across four semantic categories, namely Argue verbs (e.g., argue, suggest, write, etc.), Find verbs (e.g., find, observe, discover, etc.), Show verbs (show, demonstrate, reveal, etc.) and Think verbs (e.g., think, assume, know, etc.). To achieve this, a mixed-method research design and a corpus-based approach are employed. The results show that the students predominantly use the Think verbs category, followed by Argue, Show, and Find verbs. It suggests that students may focus more on expressing their beliefs and opinions rather than providing evidence or confirming their claims. Moreover, the study highlights the implications of the finding, indicating that the overuse of verbs from the Think verbs category may indicate a lack of evidence-based reasoning in the students’ short essays.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with neural network approach for plastic identification and classification in waste management
Authors: Palanivel Karthigaikumar , Varghese Justin
Published: January 2024

The threats to the environment and humans are increasing every day due to the use of modern plastics and their improper disposal approaches. Researchers pay more attention to reducing plastic waste through recycling so that it can be used as a raw material. In the recycling chain, grading or identifying different types of plastic is essential. For this, Lase Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been established. LIBS is an effective investigation tool that analyzes plastics in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Spectral analysis of different kinds of plastics is performed from the plasma emission obtained from LIBS. In this research work different types of plastic samples are identified using LIBS and classified using back propagation neural network algorithm (BPNN). The research aimed to attain a simple application to detect plastic polymers compared to existing approaches. To validate the better results proposed model performances are compared with existing kNN, SIMCA and ANN based classification models.
Ultrasonographic-anatomic correlation and an imaging protocol of the normal canine kidney
Authors: Wood A. K. W. , McCarthy P. H.
Published: January 2024

Ultrasonographic or anatomic observations or both were made of the kidneys of 26 dogs. The anatomic studies established precise correlations between the gross anatomic features of the organ and its ultrasonographic images obtained in transverse, sagittal, dorsal, and 2 oblique planes. Uniformily mottled echogenicity of the renal cortex could be clearly differentiated from the less echogenic renal medulla. In the middorsal plane, the papillae of the renal pyramids were directed towards the renal sinus. The bases of the pyramids were almost circular in outline in the midsagittal images and the renal crest was seen as an echogenic line. Although the renal sinus was highly echogenic, neither the renal pelvis nor its recesses were detected. The walls of each of the interlobar arteries provided echogenic parallel lines, passing in the renal recesses between the renal pyramids. Arcuate arteries were demonstrated at the corticomedullary junction and interlobular arteries were detected within the renal cortex.

For the right kidney, transverse images were obtained with the ultrasonographic transducer at the last 2 intercostal spaces; images in the dorsal, sagittal, and oblique planes were obtained with the transducer placed over the caudal extremity of the kidney. In the left kidney, transverse images were made with the transducers at, and caudal to, the last intercostal space; images in the dorsal, sagittal, and oblique planes were obtained with the transducer placed over the lateral border of the kidney. The use of such a protocol ensures that the entire organ is inspected and a diagnosis of either a normal or pathologic kidney is made.
Rotational strength of double-pinning techniques in repair of transverse fractures in femurs of dogs
Authors: Dallman Mark J. , Martin Robert A. , Self Brian P. , Grant J. Wallace
Published: January 2024

Transverse midshaft fractures of femurs from freshly euthanatized dogs were stabilized by means of 6 methods: (1) 3.5-mm bone plate and screws, (2) single intramedullary pin, (3) double intramedullary pins retrograded proximally and driven distally to the level of the femoral trochlea, (4) double intramedullary pins retrograded distally and driven proximally into the trochanteric region, (5) double intramedullary pinning in Rush pin fashion, and (6) multiple intramedullary pinning that filled the medullary cavity at the fracture site.

All bones were subjected to torsional stress. The measured strain was converted to forces of torque and correlated with bone diameter to normalize the data. The forces of torque from each fixation technique were compared with each other and with the mean torque force necessary to fracture intact femurs.

Torsional shear applied to plated femurs resulted in failure at a mean level of 33.8% of the calculated theoretic moment. Torsional forces were concentrated at one end of the plate and catastrophically failed at that point, whereas the fracture site remained rigidly fixed. There was no significant difference in the initial moment of torsional failure between the single intramedullary pin technique (0,05 Nm) and the double-pinning techniques (0.03 Co 0.04 Nm). The multiple-pinning technique was 1.8 to 3 times as effective in resisting rotational forces, compared with the other pinning techniques, but not significantly so.
Influence of preinduction methoxamine, lactated Ringer solution, or hypertonic saline solution infusion or postinduction dobutamine infusion on anesthetic-induced hypotension in horses
Authors: Dyson Doris H. , Pascoe Peter J.
Published: January 2024

A controlled study of the cardiovascular responses in horses anesthetized with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, iv), guaifenesin (100 mg/kg, iv), thiamylal (5.0 mg/kg, iv), and halothane in O2 (1.2 to 1.4% end-expired concentration) was performed to determine whether hypotension could be prevented by use of various treatments. Six horses were given 5 treatments in a randomized sequence; no treatment (control), methoxamine (0.04 mg/kg, iv), lactated Ringer solution (20.0 ml/kg, iv), 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (4.0 ml/kg, iv), or constant infusion of dobutamine (5.0 mg/kg/min, iv) during anesthesia. Heart rate, ECG, blood pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, blood gas analysis, pcv, and plasma total protein concentration were measured during the study.

Compared with the control value, an increase in blood pressure during halothane administration was observed after administration of lactated Ringer solution, hypertonic saline solution, or dobutamine (P < 0.05). The improved blood pressure response to hypertonic saline solution and dobutamine was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Other statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary responses among treatments were not observed during anesthesia. The pcv was increased in response to dobutamine infusion, and plasma total protein concentration was reduced in response to administration of hypertonic saline or lactated Ringer solution.
Thyroid and adrenal function tests in adult male ferrets
Authors: Heard Darryl J. , Collins Bobby , Chen David L. , Coniglario John
Published: January 2024

Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) on plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones, and effects of acth and dexamethasone on plasma concentrations of cortisol, were studied in adult male ferrets. Thirteen ferrets were randomly assigned to test or control groups of eight and five animals, respectively. Combined (test + control groups) mean basal plasma thyroxine (T4) values were different between the trh (1.81 ± 0.41 μg/dl, mean + SD) and tsh (2.69 ± 0.87 μg/dl) experiments, which were performed 2 months apart. Plasma T4 values significantly (P < 0.05) increased as early as 2 hours (3.37 ± 1.10 μg/dl) and remained high until 6 hours (3,45 ± 0.86 μg/dl) after iv injection of 1 IU of tsh/ferret. In contrast, iv injection of 500 μg of trh/ferret did not induce a significant increase until 6 hours (2.75 ± 0.79) after injection, and induced side effects of hyperventilation, salivation, vomiting, and sedation. There was no significant increase in triiodothyronine (T3) values following tsh or trh administration.

Combined mean basal plasma cortisol values were not significantly different between acth stimulation (1.29 ± 0.84 μg/dl) and dexamethasone suppression test (0.74 ± 0.56 μg/dl) experiments. Intravenous injection of 0.5 IU of acth/ferret induced a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentrations by 30 minutes (5.26 ± 1.21 μg/ dl), which persisted until 60 minutes (5.17 ± 1.99 μg/dl) after injection. Plasma cortisol values significantly decreased as early as 1 hour (0.41 ± 0.13 μg/dl), and had further decreased by 5 hours (0.26 ± 0.15 μg/dl) following iv injection of 0.2 mg of dexamethasone/ferret. These results indicate that iv injection of 1 IU of tsh/ferret is preferable to iv injection of 500 μg of trh/ferret for thyroid function testing in adult male ferrets. Results of this study also indicated that when trh or tsh is used for the thyroid-stimulation test in male ferrets, plasma T4 concentrations, instead of T3, should be used as the indicator of thyroid response. Additionally, iv injection of 0.5 IU of acth and 0.2 mg of dexamethasone may be used in ferrets for the acth stimulation and dexamethasone-suppression tests, respectively.
Biological reactivity of Moraxella bovis lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Johansen K. A. , Wannemuehler M. J. , Rosenbusch R. F.
Published: January 2024

Lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from Moraxella bovis 118F and ATCC 10900, M ovis ATCC 33078, and M phenylpyruvica ATCC 23333 by hot phenol-water extraction. In silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels, M bovis 118F lps had a smooth profile, whereas the other Moraxella preparations appeared to be rough. The lps preparations induced pyrogenicity and dermal Shwartzman reactions in rabbits, and induced production of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin- 1 in vitro. Induction of tumor necrosis factor appeared to be among the most potent biological activities of M bovis lps.
Effects of ammoniation of endophyte fungus-infested fescue hay on serum prolactin concentration and rectal temperature in beef cattle
Authors: Kerr L. A. , McCoy C. P. , Boyle C. R. , Essig H. W.
Published: January 2024

A group of 48 crossbred steers (approx 250 kg each) were used to determine the effects of various diets and treatments on serum prolactin concentrations and rectal temperatures, The steers were randomaly assigned to groups fed the following: (1) endophyte fungus-infested fescue hay; (2) ammoniated endophyte fungus-infested fescue hay; (3) endophyte fungus-infested fescue hay plus 1 g of thiabendazole (tbz)/9.1 kg of body weight at 7-day intervals; (4) ammoniated endophyte fungus-infested fescue hay plus 1 g of tbz/9.1 kg at 7-day intervals; (5) ground Bermuda grass hay; and (6) endophyte-fungus-free fescue hay. Blood samples for prolactin determinations and rectal temperatures were obtained biweekly beginning on week 3 and continuing through week 9.

A significant correlation (P < 0.05) between low prolactin concentrations and high rectal temperatures in cattle eating endophyte-infested fescue hay was determined; however, as the prolactin concentrations approached normal (control animal) concentrations, this relationship between serum prolactin and rectal temperatures was not observed. Two antifungal agents used in this experiment (thiabendazole and ammonia) appeared to have different effects on the variables measured. Thiabendazole had no significant effect on prolactin or rectal temperatures of cattle ingesting endophyte-infested fescue hay, whereas ammoniation of this hay induced significantly higher (P < 0.05) prolactin concentrations and lower rectal temperatures than in steers receiving only endophyte-infested fescue hay. Therefore, ammonia may be valuable not only as an aid in determining the cause of the fescue problem but also as a practical solution to some of the fescue-related economic problems in the cattle industry. Also, prolactin concentrations may be valuable in diagnosing fescue-related problems.
Comparative characterization of the leukocidic and hemolytic activity of Moraxella bovis
Authors: Hoien-Dalen Patricia S. , Rosenbusch Ricardo F. , Roth James A.
Published: January 2024

The cytotoxic effect of Moraxella bovis 118F on bovine neutrophils was evaluated and characterized by use of a 51Cr release assay. Neutrophils harvested from healthy adult cattle were labeled with 51Cr. The leukocidic activity produced by M bovis 118F, a hemolytic strain of M bovis, was heat-labile. A live culture of strain 118F, at a ratio of 100 bacteria/neutrophil, released 97.7% of the 51Cr from labeled neutrophils. Neither a heat-killed preparation of M bovis 118F nor a live or heat-killed preparation of M bovis IBH63 (a nonhemolytic and nonpathogenic strain) induced significant (P > 0.05) release of 51Cr.

Moraxella bovis 118F broth culture filtrates prepared for evaluation of leukocidic activity also were evaluated for hemolytic activity. These 2 toxic activities had several characteristics in common. Both were filterable, heat-labile, produced by a hemolytic strain, and were released during early logarithmic phase growth from broth cultures. Leukocidic and hemolytic activities were protected from degradation by phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor. Leukocidic and hemolytic activities were dependent on calcium ions. Filtrate resulted in 54.1% 51Cr release from labeled neutrophils and contained 646.7 hemolytic U/ml, respectively, when saline (0.85% NaCl) + 10 mM CaCl2 solution was used as diluent. Neither saline solution nor saline + 10 mM MgCl2 solution supported leukocidic or hemolytic activity. Serum, obtained from several calves 10 to 38 days after M bovis inoculation, substantially neutralized leukocidic and hemolytic activities, compared with paired preinoculation serum samples. In addition, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected when the ability of each calf's postinfection serum to neutralize leukocidic activity was compared with the ability of the serum to neutralize hemolytic activity.
Prevention of reperfusion injury in surgically induced gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs
Authors: Badylak Stephen F. , Lantz Gary C. , Jeffries Melanie
Published: January 2024

Canine gastric dilatation-volvulus (gdv) is a naturally acquired condition of large-breed dogs primarily and is associated with high mortality. The clinical course suggests that reperfusion injury may be important in the pathogenesis of gdv. To evaluate the role of xanthine oxidase and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (which are purported mechanisms of reperfusion injury) in the pathogenesis of gdv-related mortality, we created experimental gdv in 21 dogs. These dogs were then treated with either allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), U74006F (an experimental lipid peroxidation inhibitor), or saline solution (NaCl, 0.85%). Three of 8 dogs died in the allopurinol-treated group, none of 5 died in the U74006F-treated group, and 4 of 8 died in the saline solution-treated group. Tissue malondialdehyde concentration, a nonspecific indicator of lipid peroxidation, was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the duodenum, jejunum, colon, liver, and pancreas of the saline-solution treated and allopurinol-treated dogs than in the same tissues of the U74006F-treated dogs after surgical correction of the gdv (ie, during reperfusion), compared with malondialdehyde concentrations determined before inducing gdv. The results of this study support the concept that lipid peroxidation associated with reperfusion injury is important in the pathogenesis and high mortality of canine gdv. Furthermore, this lipid peroxidation and mortality may be preventable by appropriate and timely treatment.