bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of Dissolved Heavy Metals Into the Skeleton of Porites Corals Based on Multi‐Element Culturing Experiments
Authors: Schmidt Sarina , Hathorne Ed C. , Schönfeld Joachim , Gosnell Kathleen J. , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic activities increase the level of dissolved heavy metals in some tropical near‐shore environments threatening reef ecosystems. The skeleton of stony corals like Porites species potentially provides a high‐resolution geochemical archive for past heavy metal concentrations, with potentially century long records revealing baseline values before large‐scale human disturbance. However, few data exist for heavy metal partitioning into coral skeleton aragonite. To address this, culturing experiments exposing Porites lobata and Porites lichen to a mixture of dissolved Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb over a wide concentration range have been performed. Water samples were taken frequently to monitor changes in the heavy metal concentration. Laser ablation ICP‐MS measurements of the coral aragonite revealed metal concentrations that were positively correlated with Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Pb concentrations in seawater. The DTE values for most metals appear dependent on the seawater metal content, approximating a power law, and therefore stabilize at higher seawater metal/Ca ratios. The partitioning of Pb into the coral skeleton is a notable exception, with DPb being stable around 2 to 1 across a large range of “natural” to highly polluted seawater Pb concentrations. This and the general agreement with partition coefficients estimated by previous work suggests that the reconstruction of the heavy metal concentration in seawater for ecosystem monitoring is possible. However, the high variability within and between coral colonies requires further study and suggests that multiple records from multiple coral colonies should be combined to obtain robust reconstructions.
Observation and Analysis of Anomalous Terrestrial Diffraction as a Mechanism of Electromagnetic Precursors of Earthquakes
Authors: Fujii Masafumi
Published: September 2024

Detection of earthquake precursors has long been a controversial issue with regard to its possibility and realizability. Here we present the detection of electromagnetic anomalous signals before large earthquakes using an observation network of very high frequency radio wave receivers close to major tectonic lines in Japan. The receivers are equipped with specifically designed narrowband filters to suppress noises and to detect extremely weak signals. We detected different types of electromagnetic anomalies before earthquakes around mountainous and coastal regions, where presence of electric charges is anticipated on the surface located in the middle of the radio wave paths near major tectonic lines in Japan. We use numerical electromagnetic wave analysis to show that when electric charges are present on a ground surface as a consequence of tectonic activity, the surface charges interact strongly with radio waves and eventually cause strong diffraction of the radio waves. The analysis was performed using the three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain method with digital elevation models of the actual geographical landforms on a massively parallel supercomputer. The results confirm the consistent mechanisms of the electromagnetic precursors, which explains the anomalous electromagnetic signals observed by the authors before large earthquakes.
3D Shear Velocity Structure of the Caribbean—Northwestern South America Subduction Zone From Ambient Noise and Ballistic Rayleigh Wave Tomography
Authors: Miao Wenpei , Cornthwaite John , Levander Alan , Niu Fenglin , Schmitz Michael , Li Guoliang , Dionicio Viviana , Prieto German
Published: September 2024

The Caribbean‐South America subduction zone is a flat subduction zone, with Laramide‐style thick‐skinned uplifts occurring in the Merida Andes, Sierra de Perija Range, and Santa Marta Massif. Geodetic measurements and historical seismicity show this region is storing strain energy and is capable of a mega‐thrust earthquake (M ≥ 8.0). Previous seismic investigations of the lithosphere and upper mantle in this area are either very large scale, very local, or only peripheral to this area; therefore, details of the Caribbean plate subduction geometry beneath the Maracaibo block remain unclear. In this study, we used a new data set acquired by the Caribbean‐Merida Andes seismic experiment (CARMA), which comprised 65 temporary broadband stations and 44 permanent stations from the Colombian and Venezuelan national seismic networks. We jointly inverted ambient noise Rayleigh wave Z/H ratios, phase velocities in the 8–30 s band and ballistic Rayleigh wave phase velocities in 30–80 s band to construct a 3‐D S‐wave velocity model in the area between 75°–65°W and 5°–12°N. The 3‐D model reveals a general increase in crust thickness from the trench to the southeast. An anomalous area is the Lake Maracaibo, which is underlaid by the thinnest crystalline crust in the region. This observation may indicate that the Maracaibo block is experiencing a contortion deformation within the crust. We also identified a high velocity anomaly above the subducting Caribbean slab, likely representing a detached piece of eclogitized Caribbean large igneous province from the base of the Maracaibo block. Additionally, our Vs model clearly indicates a slab tear within the subducted Caribbean slab, approximately beneath the Oca‐Ancon Fault.
Strong Energy Conversion at Magnetotail Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer
Authors: Du C. X. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Z. , Yu Y. , Fu W. D. , Zhang W. Z.
Published: September 2024

The magnetotail plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) is a dynamic boundary layer between the hot‐denser plasma sheet and the cold‐tenuous tail lobes. It plays an important role in exchanging mass and energy in the magnetotail. In previous studies, the local current carried by the electron beams has been well understood. The strong energy conversion (E ⋅ J, E is electric field and J is current density), however, is barely reported at the PSBL. Here, using magnetospheric multiscale mission, we find a strong dawn‐dusk current with a magnitude of 80 nA/m2 at the magnetotail PSBL. The strong current appears during crossing the PSBL and is primarily contributed by the perpendicular electron currents. Cooperating with an intense fluctuating electric field (reaching ∼40 mV/m) carried by the lower‐hybrid drift waves, this dawn‐dusk current leads to a strong energy conversion with a magnitude larger than 3 nW/m3. This study enhances the understanding of local energy‐conversion processes at the PSBL.
Polarization and m $m$‐Number Characteristics of Mid‐Latitude Pc5 ULF Waves Observed by SuperDARN Radars
Authors: Morita K. , Ponomarenko P. , Nishitani N. , Hori T. , Shepherd S. G.
Published: September 2024

Polarization and propagation characteristics of ultra‐low frequency (ULF,  mHz) waves are conventionally studied using arrays of ground‐based magnetometers. However, the ground magnetometer observations are subject to distortions due to polarization rotation and spatial integration effects caused by the transition of the magnetohydrodynamic wave into an electromagnetic wave at the lower ionospheric boundary. In contrast, high‐frequency (3–30 MHz) radars, like those comprising the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), are capable of direct observations of the ULF wave characteristics at ionospheric altitudes via measuring plasma drift velocity variations caused by the wave's electric field. In this work, we use multi‐beam data from SuperDARN Hokkaido East, Hokkaido West, and Christmas Valley West radars to identify the dominant polarization modes as well as azimuthal wave numbers of evening‐night‐side‐morning ULF waves in the Pc5 frequency band (1.67–6.67 mHz) propagating over sub‐auroral and mid‐latitude regions. The observed statistical characteristics of these waves point at the solar wind dynamic pressure variations and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause as their potential principal sources, although the drift‐bounce resonance with trapped energetic ions may contribute to the small‐scale part of the observed Pc5 wave population.
Understanding Terrestrial Water and Carbon Cycles and Their Interactions Using Integrated SMAP Soil Moisture and OCO‐2 SIF Observations and Land Surface Models
Authors: Cao Zhijiong , Xue Yongkang , Nayak Hara Prasad , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Frankenberg Christian , Köhler Philipp , Li Ziwei
Published: September 2024

Recently, more advanced synchronous global‐scale satellite observations, the Soil Moisture Active Passive enhanced Level 3 (SMAP L3) soil moisture product and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2) solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) product, provide an opportunity to improve the predictive understanding of both water and carbon cycles in land surface modeling. The Simplified Simple Biosphere Model version 4 (SSiB4) was coupled with the Top‐down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics Model (TRIFFID) and a mechanistic representation of SIF. Incorporating dynamic vegetation processes reduced global SIF root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) by 12%. Offline experiments were conducted to understand the water and carbon cycles and their interactions using satellite data as constraints. Results indicate that soil hydraulic properties, the soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation (Ks) and the water retention curve, significantly impact soil moisture and SIF simulation, especially in the semi‐arid regions. The wilting point and maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vmax) affect photosynthesis and transpiration, then soil moisture. However, without atmospheric feedback processes, their effects on soil moisture are undermined due to the compensation between soil evaporation and transpiration. With optimized parameters based on SMAP L3 and OCO‐2 data, the global RMSE of soil moisture and SIF simulations decreased by 15% and 12%, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced satellite data and dynamic vegetation processes to improve land surface models, enhancing understanding of terrestrial water and carbon cycles.
Benford's Law as Debris Flow Detector in Seismic Signals
Authors: Zhou Qi , Tang Hui , Turowski Jens M. , Braun Jean , Dietze Michael , Walter Fabian , Yang Ci‐Jian , Lagarde Sophie
Published: September 2024

Seismic instruments placed outside of spatially extensive hazard zones can be used to rapidly sense a range of mass movements. However, it remains challenging to automatically detect specific events of interest. Benford's law, which states that the first non‐zero digit of given data sets follows a specific probability distribution, can provide a computationally cheap approach to identifying anomalies in large data sets and potentially be used for event detection. Here, we select vertical component seismograms to derive the first digit distribution. The seismic signals generated by debris flows follow Benford's law, while those generated by ambient noise do not. We propose the physical and mathematical explanations for the occurrence of Benford's law in debris flows. Our finding of limited seismic data from landslides, lahars, bedload transports, and glacial lake outburst floods indicates that these events may follow Benford's Law, whereas rockfalls do not. Focusing on debris flows in the Illgraben, Switzerland, our Benford's law‐based detector is comparable to an existing random forest model that was trained on 70 features and six seismic stations. Achieving a similar result based on Benford's law requires only 12 features and single station data. We suggest that Benford's law is a computationally cheap, novel technique that offers an alternative for event recognition and potentially for real‐time warnings.
Exploring changes in social spider DNA methylation profiles in all cytosine contexts following infection
Authors: Fisher David N. , Bechsgaard Jesper , Bilde Trine
Published: September 2024

Living at high density and with low genetic diversity are factors that should both increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease. Therefore, group living organisms, especially those that are inbred, should be especially vulnerable to infection and therefore have particular strategies to cope with infection. Phenotypic plasticity, underpinned by epigenetic changes, could allow group living organisms to rapidly respond to infection challenges. To explore the potential role of epigenetic modifications in the immune response to a group-living species with low genetic diversity, we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of five colonies of social spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) in their natural habitat in Namibia at the point just before they succumbed to infection to a point at least six months previously where they were presumably healthier. We found increases in genome- and chromosome-wide methylation levels in the CpG, CHG, and CHH contexts, although the genome-wide changes were not clearly different from zero. These changes were most prominent in the CHG context, especially at a narrow region of chromosome 13, hinting at an as-of-yet unsuspected role of this DNA methylation context in phenotypic plasticity. However, there were few clear patterns of differential methylation at the base level, and genes with a known immune function in spiders had mean methylation changes close to zero. Our results suggest that DNA methylation may change with infection at large genomic scales, but that this type of epigenetic change is not necessarily integral to the immune response of social spiders.
Tetrandrine ameliorated atherosclerosis in vitamin D3/high cholesterol diet-challenged rats via modulation of miR-34a and Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-kB trajectory
Authors: El Zouka Yasmin , Sheta Eman , Abdelrazek Salama Mona , Selima Eman , Refaat Rowaida , Salaheldin Abdelhamid Ibrahim Sherihan
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases that may lead to mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of tetrandrine in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerosis, in rats, via modulation of miR-34a, as well as, Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-κB pathway and to compare its efficacy with atorvastatin. Induction of AS, in male rats, was done via IP administration of vitamin D3 (70 U/Kg for 3 days) together with HCD. At the end of the 9th week, rats were treated with atorvastatin at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and tetrandrine at different doses of (18.75, and 31.25 mg/kg) for 22 days. Serum inflammatory cytokines and lipid profile, liver oxidative stress parameters, and aortic tissue Wnt5a, Ror2, ABCA1, NF-κB, miR-34a levels were assessed in all experimental groups. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical assessments of aortic tissue sections were done. Results showed that tetrandrine treatment reverted the inflammatory and oxidative stress state together with reducing the serum lipids via modulating miR-34a, and Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, it reverted the histopathological abnormalities observed in AS rats. Tetrandrine beneficial effects, in both doses, were comparable to that of atorvastatin, in most of the discussed parameters. These findings praise tetrandrine as a promising agent for management of atherosclerosis.
Metamaterial enhanced sensor for powder material classification
Authors: Zamel Hany M. , Abd El-Rahman Sherine Ismail , Attiya Ahmed M.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a simple and efficient approach is presented to classify different power materials based on a one port microwave sensor in X-band. This classification focuses on powder materials, unlike prior studies that focused on liquids (castor oil, neem oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, and mahua oil), this classification represents a shift towards powdered materials. The response of the proposed sensor is enhanced by adding a metamaterial (MTM) unit cell of F-shape to focus electromagnetic waves on the sample under test. This metamaterial-based sensor is designed to differentiate between different types of materials based on the corresponding reflection coefficient. The sample under test is included inside a dielectric box inserted inside a rectangular waveguide. The MTM unit cell is added on the front face of this box towards the direction of the incident wave. The resonance frequency depends on the characteristics of the powder material inside the box. The MTM unit cell enhances this resonance to simplify the process of classification of different materials. The measured results show that the proposed sensor can detect a wide range of powder materials, including clay, cement, sand, and mixtures: cement & sand, and clay & sand. The designed sensor can be used in various applications, including detection and classification of different powder materials in industrial applications.
Clinical utility of rapid on-site evaluation of brush cytology during bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath
Authors: Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Morikawa Kei , Kaneko Shotaro , Nishida Makoto , Matsushima Aya , Nishi Yoshihiro , Numata Yu , Shinozaki Yusuke , Tsuruoka Hajime , Kida Hirotaka , Handa Hiroshi , Shimada Naoki , Okawa Chie , Ohike Nobuyuki , Koike Junki , Mineshita Masamichi
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have shown that rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). While ROSE of imprint cytology from forceps biopsy has been widely discussed, there are few reports on ROSE of brush cytology. This study investigated the utility of ROSE of brush cytology during bronchoscopy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 214 patients who underwent bronchoscopy with EBUS-GS for PPL. The patients in the ROSE group had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity through the entire bronchoscopy process than in the non-ROSE group (96.8% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.002). The use of ROSE significantly increased the sensitivity of brush cytology with Papanicolaou staining (92.9% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.001). When ROSE was sequentially repeated on brushing specimens, initially negative ROSE results converted to positive in 79.5% of cases, and the proportion of specimens with high tumor cell counts increased from 42.1 to 69.0%. This study concludes that ROSE of brush cytology improves the diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy and enhances specimen quality through repeated brushing.
Untangling the environmental drivers of gross primary productivity in African rangelands
Authors: Lomax Guy A. , Powell Thomas W. R. , Lenton Timothy M. , Economou Theo , Cunliffe Andrew M.
Published: September 2024

Precipitation variability is forecast to increase under climate change but its impacts on vegetation productivity are complex. Here, we use generalised additive models and remote sensing-derived datasets to quantify the effect of precipitation amount, distribution, and intensity on the gross primary productivity of dry rangelands across sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2019 and differentiate these effects from other variables. We find that total precipitation is the primary driver of productivity, but that more variable rainfall has a small negative effect across vegetation types and rainfall regimes. Temperature and soil nitrogen also have strong effects, especially in drier rangelands. Shrublands and grasslands are more sensitive to environmental variability than savannas. Our findings support a model in which the main constraints on productivity are maintenance of soil moisture and minimisation of plant water stress. This highlights the risks of climate warming and increasing variability for productivity in water-limited grass and shrublands but suggests savannas may have greater resilience in Africa.
Unravelling the prebiotic origins of the simplest α-ketoacids in cometary ices: a computational investigation
Authors: Dash Soumya Ranjan , Pandya Rinu , Singh Geetika , Sharma Himanshu , Das Tamal , Haldar Hritwik , Hotha Srinivas , Vanka Kumar
Published: September 2024

Extra-terrestrial origins of the simplest α-ketoacids, central to many prebiotic metabolic cycles, have been revealed by simulating the soft impact-induced compression of cometary ices.
Zinc catalyzed chemoselective hydrofunctionalization of cyanamides
Authors: Rajput Sagrika , Sahoo Rajata Kumar , M. T. Nithya , Nembenna Sharanappa
Published: September 2024

The dimeric bis-guanidinate zinc hydride, [LZnH]2, (Zn-1), is a catalyst for hydrosilylation and hydroboration of cyanamides.
Physics-based reward driven image analysis in microscopy
Authors: Barakati K. , Yuan Hui , Goyal Amit , Kalinin S. V.
Published: September 2024

Physics-based, reward-driven workflows dynamically optimize image analysis by incorporating real-time feedback. The Reward Function is tailored to align with experimental objectives, providing a quantifiable metric upon completion of each analysis.
Scalable catalyst free electrochemical chlorination of aminophenol derivatives enabled by a quasi-divided cell approach
Authors: Malviya Bhanwar K. , Laudadio Gabriele , Kappe C. Oliver , Cantillo David
Published: September 2024

Chlorination of 4-aminophenol derivatives can be performed using DCM as the solvent and the chlorine source using a parallel plate flow “quasi-divided” cell reactor.
High-precision low-level Cd isotopic analysis using MC-ICP-MS and its application to marine samples from Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica)
Authors: Vecchio Maria Alessia , Abou-Zeid Lana , Grotti Marco , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: September 2024

A method for high-precision MC-ICP-MS Cd isotopic analysis at low Cd concentration was developed, validated and used for analysis of Antarctic biota samples.
Andreas Manz – Pioneer, Mentor, Friend
Authors: Pamme Nicole , Dittrich Petra S.
Published: September 2024

Nicole Pamme and Petra Dittrich introduce a collection of invited papers in honour of the retirement of Andreas Manz, the founding Editorial Board Chair of Lab on a Chip.
Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet supported silica nanochannel film for enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensing of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and prochloraz
Authors: Feng Junqi , Zheng Yanyan , Luo Tao , Xi Fengna , Lai Hao
Published: September 2024

Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet supported silica nanochannel film is easily fabricated for enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensing of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and prochloraz.
Magnetic nanoparticles and possible synergies with cold atmospheric plasma for cancer treatment
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Dai Yilin , Zheng Yan , Lv Yi
Published: September 2024

The biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained increasing attention due to their unique biological, chemical, and magnetic properties such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, and high magnetic susceptibility.
Computational screening of transition metal atom doped ZnS and ZnSe nanostructures as promising bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
Authors: Xia Feifei , Shu Li , Yang Fengli , Wen Yingpin , Zheng Chunzhi
Published: September 2024

The computed OER and ORR overpotentials of pristine and TM doped ZnX (X = S and Se) nanostructures.
Assessment of acid catalytic properties of ferrosilicate MFI zeolite by methanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion
Authors: Park Hanyoung , Na Gwang-Jin , Kim Jeong-Chul , Ryoo Ryong
Published: September 2024

Four representative synthetic methods were employed to prepare Fe-containing siliceous MFI zeolites. The catalytic properties of these zeolites were evaluated by methanol-to-hydrocarbon reaction.
Extremely large magnetoresistance with coexistence of a nontrivial Berry phase in Nb0.5Ta0.5P: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Gangwar Vinod K. , Singh Saurabh , Ghosh Swayangsiddha , Dixit Srishti , Kumar Shiv , Shahi Prashant , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: September 2024

We synthesized Nb0.5Ta0.5P, exhibiting XMR at low temperatures with charge carrier compensation up to 50 K. SdH oscillations reveal multiple Fermi pockets and non-zero Berry phase. SOC effects were analyzed via band structure calculations.
The synthesis of MOF nanosheets and their application in MOF-based resistance random access memory devices
Authors: Cai Gaigai , Liu Zhen , Yang Jiefei , Xie Hong , Yu Xiaotong , Zheng Bing
Published: September 2024

This review introduces the synthesis methods of MOF nanosheets, discusses the application of MOF materials in RRAM memory devices, and explores the challenges and prospects of MOFs in developing RRAM memory devices.
Doubly charged single Weyl pair with complete spin polarization
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Liu Ying , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Peng , Kuang Anlong , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yuan Hongkuan , Yang Tie
Published: September 2024

An ideal charge-two single Weyl pair with complete spin polarization has been unveiled in the Cu-doped lead apatite Pb9Cu(PO4)6O, laying the groundwork for exploring the topological properties with both magnetic ordering and high-order dispersion.
Back to Normal or New Reality? How the COVID-19 Pandemic Continues to Influence School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists at the Start of the 2023–2024 School Year
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Kwak Madelyn , Gouck Madeleine , Goldstein Erica
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The COVID-19 pandemic was a far-reaching disruptor in K–12 education beginning in the spring of 2020 when nearly all schools pivoted to remote instruction. Although the pandemic was officially declared over by the World Health Organization in May 2023, many questions remain about the long-term impact of the pandemic on K–12 education. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the continued impact of the pandemic among school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at the onset of the 2023–2024 school year.

Method:

This study involved a survey of 193 school-based SLPs between September and December 2023. The results of the survey were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to identify key themes and trends related to how the pandemic influences both their direct work with students and how they approach and reflect on their own careers. Multiple efforts were made to ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the analysis.

Results:

This survey found that although many SLPs in public schools have largely returned to prepandemic practices, most perceived that the pandemic continues to influence their work in key ways. Specifically, survey responses highlighted the altered needs of students (e.g., social–emotional needs and academic gaps) as well as changes to how SLPs reflect on their careers as professionals serving communities.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicate that although the most obvious effects of the pandemic are no longer visible in schools (e.g., masking, distancing, relying on virtual services), the pandemic continues to make the work of school-based SLPs more challenging as they navigate the disconnect between the postpandemic demands of their work and prepandemic expectations, policies, and regulations.
An innovative model for an enhanced dual intrusion detection system using LZ‐JC‐DBSCAN, EPRC‐RPOA and EG‐GELU‐GRU
Authors: R. C. Jeyavim Sherin , K. Parkavi
Published: September 2024

The rise of suspicious activities in network communication, driven by increased internet accessibility, necessitates the development of advanced intrusion detection systems (IDS). Existing IDS solutions often exhibit poor performance in detecting suspicious activity and fail to identify various attack types within packet capture (PCAP) files, which monitor network traffic. This paper proposes a deep learning‐based dual IDS model designed to address these issues. The process begins with utilizing the CSE‐CIC‐IDS2019 dataset to extract features from PCAP files. Suspicious activities are detected using the Exponential Geometric‐Gaussian Error Linear Units‐Gated Recurrent Unit (EG‐GELU‐GRU) method. Normal data undergoes further feature extraction and preprocessing through Log ZScore‐Jacosine Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (LZ‐JC‐DBSCAN). Feature selection is optimized using the Entropy Pearson R Correlation‐Red Panda optimization algorithm. Suspicious files are flagged, while load balancing is performed on normal data. Attack detection is achieved through word embedding with the Glorot Kaufman‐bidirectional encoder representations from transformers technique and classification via the EG‐GELU‐GRU model. Attacked packets are blocked, and the method is reapplied for attack‐type classification. Experimental results using Python demonstrate the model’s superior performance, achieving 98.18% accuracy and 98.73% precision, surpassing existing approaches and significantly enhancing intrusion detection capabilities.
Lithium inventory estimation of battery using incremental capacity analysis, support vector machine, particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Zhang Xingbo , Chen Kui , Long Zhou , Luo Yang , Li Yang , Zhu Jiamin , Liu Kai , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: September 2024

In order to guarantee the durability and security of electric vehicles (EV), the ageing estimation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is of great practical significance. Lithium inventory is an important indicator for assessing the LIB ageing process. Incremental capacity (IC), particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and support vector machine (SVM) are proposed to estimate the LIBs lithium inventory. Firstly, the IC curve that reflect the electrochemical reaction is analysed, and the middle peak of IC curve that characterises the material phase transition point is selected to represent the LIB lithium inventory. IC curve is smoothed by the Savitzky–Golay method to eliminate noise. Three features of the charging voltage curve are selected as the LIB health feature, and the correlation between three features and the lithium inventory is analysed by using the grey relation analysis method. Then, the mapping relationship between the lithium inventory and three health features is established based on SVM. PSO is used to optimise SVM kernel and penalty parameters to improve the precision of LIBs lithium inventory estimation. Finally, the proposed method is verified by three ageing experiments of LIBs. The results show that the proposed method can precisely estimate the lithium inventory of different LIBs.
Die Gestaltung der Organisation Krankenhaus: Ein
Stakeholder-Ansatz
Authors: Naegler Heinz
Published: September 2024

Nicht alle der auf der Makro-Ebene des Gesundheitssystems gefällten
Entscheidungen beeinflussen die Arbeitsbedingungen der Ärzte, Pflegefachkräfte,
Therapeuten und anderer direkt. Sie bedürfen vielmehr zunächst der Umsetzung
durch Entscheidungen der dafür Verantwortlichen auf der Meso-Ebene des
Krankenhauses.

Essentiell für die Ergebnisse dieser Umsetzungsprozesse sind nicht nur die für
diese geltenden Regeln. Es sind vor allem auch die Kriterien, die bei dem Fällen
der Entscheidungen – bei der Bewertung der zur Verfügung stehenden
Lösungs-Alternativen – bedacht werden sollen. Dabei handelt es sich einerseits
um medizin- und pflegeethische Normen, deren Berücksichtigung sicherstellen
soll, die Arbeitsbedingungen so zu konfigurieren, dass es den Akteuren im
klinischen Bereich ermöglicht wird, ihr Handeln vorwiegend an den Prinzipien
Wohltun, Nichtschaden und Achtung der Patientenautonomie zu orientieren. Es
handelt sich zum anderen um die Bedürfnisse diverser Stakeholder – dazu zählen
Patienten und deren Angehörige, Mitarbeitende, Eigentümer des Krankenhauses,
einweisende Ärzte und andere –, deren Befriedigung die Stakeholder mittels der
Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Umsetzungs-Entscheidungen beanspruchen.

Es fragt sich indessen, ob alle die geltend gemachten Stakeholder-Bedürfnisse bei
der Gestaltung der Krankenhaus-Organisation berücksichtigt werden müssen, damit
die Bedürfnisse befriedigt werden können. Möglicherweise sind darunter
Bedürfnisse, deren Befriedigung die Qualität der Patientenversorgung
beeinträchtigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit greift diese Fragen auf. Sie geht von der
Annahme aus, dass die Gestaltung der Stakeholder-Bedürfnis-Auswahl als
Konkretisierung des organisationsethischen Ansatzes der
Krankenhaus-Organisations-Gestaltung dazu beitragen kann, negativen Auswirkungen
der Ökonomisierung der Medizin erfolgreich zu begegnen.
Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Versorgung von Menschen am Lebensende im Strafvollzug
Authors: Heyl Lia , Stiel Stephanie
Published: September 2024

Ziel Inhaftierte Menschen haben bei Bedarf ein Recht auf Palliativversorgung. Die Rahmenbedingungen der Versorgung unterscheiden sich von denen im öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem. Ziel der Studie ist die Exploration von Herausforderungen und Chancen der Palliativversorgung im Strafvollzug.

Methodik Durchgeführt wurde ein Fokusgruppeninterview mit Expert*innen der Palliativversorgung im Strafvollzug. Das Interview wurde mit der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Interaktion von Krankheitsverlauf und Rahmenbedingungen des Strafvollzugs beeinflusst die Versorgung schwer erkrankter Inhaftierter. Hieraus ergeben sich Herausforderungen, aber auch Vorteile gegenüber der Palliativversorgung im öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem.

Schlussfolgerungen Zukünftige Forschung sollte die Schnittstellenproblematik zwischen interner und externer Versorgung von Inhaftierten sowie multidimensionale Bedarfe von Inhaftierten am Lebensende beleuchten.
Cnicus benedictus: Folk Medicinal Uses, Biological Activities, and In Silico Screening of Main Phytochemical Constituents
Authors: Ziętal Katarzyna , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Nowaczyk Alicja , Blecharz-Klin Kamilla
Published: September 2024

Traditional medicine has long recognized the therapeutic potential of Cnicus benedictus, and recent scientific research has shed light on the pharmacological properties of this plant. The bioactive compounds that can be extracted from it, such as the sesquiterpene lactones arctigenin, arctiin, and cnicin, are very interesting to researchers.

In this article, based on available data from pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies, we delve into the pharmacology of the active constituents of this plant to explore its potential therapeutic applications and underlying mechanisms of action. In addition, we present a computer analysis designed to reveal the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the main phytochemicals that are active in C. benedictus through new in silico techniques and predictive tools such as SwissADME and PubChem.

The data from the in silico study presented here support the traditional use of C. benedictus, as well as its promise as a source of new therapeutic chemical compounds.
Community pharmacy service provision to adults with palliative care needs in their last year of life: a scoping review
Authors: Chiu Sheng-Ting , Aspden Trudi , Scahill Shane
Published: September 2024

Introduction The provision of palliative care is central to primary health care delivery. In this setting, community pharmacies often act in a medication supply role, yet their broader involvement in supporting people in the last year of life is less well understood. Aim This study aimed to review the literature on community pharmacies supporting adults with palliative care needs in their last year of life, emphasising challenges to optimising their role and improving equity and service accessibility. Methods A five-stage scoping review using a comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature up to 30 April 2024. Eligible articles were charted, descriptively analysed, and mapped to a bicultural and holistic health care model, Te Whare Tapa Whā Older Person’s Palliative Care model. Results Twenty-five studies from seven countries were reviewed, revealing that community pharmacies provide a range of services to support people with palliative care needs. The main role of community pharmacies resides in Tinana, the physical health domain of Te Whare Tapa Whā Older Person’s Palliative Care model. Challenges experienced by pharmacy staff include communication with palliative care service providers and users, integrating their role into palliative care provision, addressing their educational needs, and managing palliative medication stock. Discussion The role of community pharmacy in providing palliative care is not widely understood. If the challenges identified in these studies can be addressed, there is potential for community pharmacies to offer a more proactive palliative care approach to their communities.
International students as language managers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Hamid M. Obaidul
Published: September 2024

Many studies have reported language problems faced by international students in cross-cultural study-abroad
settings. The present study investigated Chinese international students’ linguistic insecurity during their study-abroad in
Australia, and the strategies that they deployed to manage this. Based on interviews with ten students from two different
international programs, we found that the students felt anxious and insecure about their language ability in the English-only
environment, which provided limited support for their academic and social survival. Moreover, their other linguistic resources
remained unrecognized in the prevailing discourse of standardized English with its concomitant linguistic and social prejudices.
Realizing that linguistic insecurity was affecting their study, life, and wellbeing, they implemented a series of measures and
strategies to manage their language problems and achieve a sense of linguistic security. The findings can assist international
students in developing an understanding of their language life in study-abroad settings, and education institutions in providing
appropriate support to international students to enhance their linguistic security in the host society.
《中文听说读写》的语法教学
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2024

提要

本文基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》来考察北美本土最具代表性的初中级中文教材《中文听说读写》语法点的覆盖情况、等级分布、种类分布和介绍方式，对《中文听说读写》的语法介绍提出建议，为国际中文教学教材与《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》接轨提供参考和借鉴。
Pairing method and young learners’ use of previously known languages during task-based interaction
Authors: Martínez-Adrián María , Arratibel-Irazusta Izaskun
Published: September 2024

Recent research examining adult and young learners have concluded that pairing method (self-selected vs.
proficiency-matched pairings) may affect learning opportunities operationalized as language-related episodes (LREs). But how it
influences previously known language (PKL) use during task-based interaction is an under researched topic. This study sets out to
explore whether the pairing method (self-selected vs. proficiency-matched pairings) during speaking and speaking+writing tasks
completed by 10 to 11-year-old children has an effect on the amount and functions of PKLs. The study found that, in both tasks,
self-selected pairs generated a greater amount of two functions: minor turns and vocabulary discussions. In the speaking+writing
task specifically, self-selected pairs had greater PKL and greater off-task talk.
A density-functional-theory-based study of the lead-free perovskite materials CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X′ (X, X′ = Cl, Br, I) for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Ranjan Prabhat , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: September 2024

In this report, the perovskite materials CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X′ (X and X’=Cl, Br, I) are studied using density functional theory (DFT) and a time-dependent (TD)-DFT approach. The structural, optoelectronic, and thermal characteristics of these materials are analysed using B3LYP/LANL2DZ and CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ functionals. The lattice constants and volume get intensified from CsGeCl3 to CsGeBr3 to CsGeI3. In the mixed halides CsGeX2X′, the lattice constants and volume also follow a similar trend. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap, computed from CAM-B3LYP, is higher compared to the B3LYP. For CsGeX3, HOMO–LUMO gaps computed from the functionals B3LYP/LanL2DZ and Cam-B3LYP/LanL2DZ are in the range of 1.13–2.12 eV and 1.62–3.03 eV, respectively, and for mixed halides, CuGeX2X′, they vary from 1.66 eV to 2.60 eV and 1.90 eV to 2.75 eV, respectively. For mixed halide perovskites, the maximum HOMO–LUMO gap is found for CsGeBr2Cl. The HOMO–LUMO gaps of these perovskite materials obtained from the functional Cam-B3LYP/LanL2DZ are in line with the previously stated data and in the range needed for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Quantum chemical descriptors and conceptual density-functional-based parameters are computed. The optical electronegativity values of CsGeX3 and CsGeX2X’ are found to be directly proportional to the HOMO–LUMO gaps of these materials. The absorption spectra of mixed halides obtained from B3LYP/LanL2DZ are high compared to CAM-B3LYP/LanL2DZ. The computed data reveal a systematic reduction in thermal energy, Gibbs energy, and Zero-Point Vibrational Energy (ZPVE) as a consequence of substituting X-site atoms from Cl to Br to I.
Rotating machinery early fault detection integrating variational mode decomposition and multiscale singular value decomposition
Authors: Lu Hong , Zhang Wei , Chen Zhimin , Li Zhangjie , Zhang Yongquan , Yang Minghui , Zou Chao
Published: September 2024

Security and reliability are important issues that must be paid attention to during the operation of rotating machinery. If defects can be found in the early stage, there will be enough time to take maintenance measures and realize the stable operation of equipment. However, the presence of noise, shaft rotation signals, gear meshing signals, and other interfering factors often obfuscate fault signals, rendering the early detection of defects an arduous undertaking. Against this backdrop, this study presents an advanced approach for early defect detection, integrating the virtues of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and multiscale singular value decomposition (MSVD). Initially, a novel evaluation index is constructed by combining envelope entropy and envelope spectrum sparsity. Based on this a method is proposed to adaptively determine the critical parameters of VMD, enabling the adaptive decomposition of vibration signals into a series of modal components. The optimal sensitive components are then discerned utilizing the characteristic frequency intensity coefficient index. Subsequently, to address the limitations of single VMD methods in effectively suppressing low-frequency noise, the MSVD method is proposed for effective noise reduction, which reconstructs the signal after SVD of the signal within each segment through the operation of successive signal segmentation. Ultimately, envelope spectrum analysis is conducted on the reconstructed signal, facilitating the precise extraction of fault characteristic frequency information and enabling early fault identification. The efficacy of this novel methodology is evaluated through simulations and actual vibration signals, successfully discerning early faults afflicting rotating machinery.
Glycogen nanoparticles for efficient mRNA transduction to T lymphocytes
Authors: Gao Yufeng , Zhang Jiarong , Li Ruitong , Chen Jinghua , Gao Min
Published: September 2024

T lymphocyte therapies demonstrate significant promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. An efficient gene delivery system is essential for the safe and reliable introduction of exogenous genes, especially mRNA, into cells to achieve therapeutic purposes. Commercial transfection reagents are suitable for the transduction of plasmids to adherent cells, whereas they are ineffective for suspension cells such as T lymphocytes and for unstable mRNA. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of transfection reagents themselves constitutes an impediment to their application. The challenge of mRNA transduction to T lymphocytes with high efficiency is notably formidable. An innovative transfection strategy is urgently needed. In this study, we synthesized aminated glycogen (AGly) nanoparticles as gene vectors, encapsulating mRNA to facilitate the efficient transfection of T lymphocytes. Compared to commercial transfection reagent polyethylenimine (PEI), the AGly demonstrated favorable biocompatibility. The positive charge provided AGly with pH buffering ability and mRNA-binding capacity. AGly formed stable nanoparticles with mRNA, which were readily internalized by suspension cells and enhanced the cellular uptake of mRNA. In the T lymphocyte model cell lines (Jurkat cells and HuT 78 cells), AGly demonstrated superior transfection efficiency than that of PEI. Consequently, AGly can emerge as a viable mRNA vector for the efficient transfection of T lymphocytes whilst circumventing the issue of cytotoxicity. The AGly designed in this study provides a novel concept for the exploitation of transfection reagents and proposes a promising methodology for the proficient transfection of T lymphocytes which may significantly contribute to the treatment of cancer and other complex diseases.
Progress in particular fields of fusion technology presented at the 29th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2023
Authors: Hesch Klaus
Published: September 2024

This paper provides an overview on the progress in fusion technologies presented during the 29th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference held in October 2023 at London, UK, with a focus on the topics ITER technology, heating and current drive technology as well as fusion nuclear technology, including fusion nuclear science as well as technology research devices. A complementary contribution, authored by Amanda Quadling, covers the topics materials development, in-vessel components, licensing & safety, socio-economics and environment, as well as next step machine designs.
Effects of oscillated wall on the turbulent structure and heat transfer of three-dimensional wall jet
Authors: Khairi Muthana Mraweh , Razavi Seyed Esmail , Talati Faramarz , Ehghaghi Bonab Mir Biuok
Published: September 2024

In this research, a three-dimensional turbulent wall jet was modeled using an Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation to examine its flow and thermal properties. The accuracy of the simulation was confirmed by comparing key flow characteristics with experimental data. The study involved introducing an oscillating wall and a hot wall within the computational domain to observe their effects on thermal behavior and turbulence structure. OpenFOAM v2012 was utilized for the simulations based on a 3D channel design. The turbulent structure exhibited distinct separated, small-scale, and large-scale turbulence within the domain. The findings indicated that reducing the computational domain height increased the Nusselt number, and positioning the hot wall near the core of the jet also increased the Nusselt number. Additionally, increasing the frequency and amplitude of the oscillating wall resulted in a higher Nusselt number. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the fluid physics in this specific scenario and can enhance knowledge in the fields of solid and turbulence fluid structure interaction. The analysis of the turbulence structure revealed that a lower domain height created elongated turbulence structures, and placing the hot wall at the end of the computational domain had less impact on smoothing the turbulence structures due to the presence of very strong, large turbulence structures.
Design and fabrication of an achromatic liquid crystal polarization grating with large deflection angle for visible wavelength
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Jianguo , Wang Fajia , Zhao Yadi , Zhao Yuan-an , Wang Jundong , Hong Ruijin , Tao Chunxian , Zhang Dawei , Cao Zhaoliang , Shao Jianda
Published: September 2024

Traditional liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPG) are limited to satisfying the half-wave condition at a single wavelength. However, maintaining the high diffraction efficiency across a broad bandwidth presents a significant challenge. In this study, an achromatic polarization grating with a dual-twist structure and a period of Λ = 1.5 μm was fabricated utilizing liquid crystal polymers and the photo-alignment technology. The performance of this LCPG was evaluated with the spectrometer and specific wavelength light sources (632 nm, 532 nm). The results were compared with theoretical simulations. It is shown that grating can achieve a diffraction efficiency exceeding 90% and a large deflection angle ranging from 18.3° to 26.1° between 470 nm and 660 nm.