bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of the Nonprofit Research Field: An Emerging Scholar Perspective
Authors: Schubert Peter , Ressler Robert W. , Paarlberg Laurie E. , Boenigk Silke
Published: February 2022

This study takes an emerging scholar perspective to reflect critically on the evolution of the nonprofit research field, applying a mixed-methods design. Study 1 evaluated the evolution of nonprofit research through comparing the topics, theories, and methods in emerging nonprofit scholars’ dissertations ( n = 3,023) to that of emerging scholars’ publications in nonprofit journals ( n = 390). Study 2 examined through a survey of emerging nonprofit scholars ( n = 141) how forces operating within the academic system influence scholars’ early career research. Results from Study 1 document a decreasing diversity in the body of scholarship from dissertations to journal articles and Study 2 highlights challenges experienced in an early career stage. The findings call for future reflection on the level of diversity, both in terms of research approaches and the composition of our scholarly community. Maintaining diversity will arguably be an important precondition to ensure continuous knowledge advancement in the field.
Machinability of pure copper before and after processing by severe plastic deformation method
Authors: Özkavak H Varol , Gode C
Published: February 2022

For using ultrafine-grained metals and alloys in industry, further machining sequences and studying their possible effects are necessary to attain these products in their ultimate dimensions. In this work, the machinability of ultrafine-grained pure copper and the corresponding coarse-grained counterpart investigated systematically. The results showed that the processed copper could be machined as efficiently as its initial one. Also, the machining of the Cu sample with the polycrystalline diamond tools requires much less force than tungsten carbide tools. The produced cutting forces were smaller for the processed copper as compared to the initial copper. Also, similar tool wear mechanisms were detectable for the copper specimen before and after the process. Chip morphology altered less through the machining, and the surface quality enhanced during machining the ultrafine-grained copper. Eventually, the polycrystalline diamond tool increased the surface roughness of initial and processed specimens since it caused less than 50% roughness compared to the tungsten carbide tool.
Validation of a rail temperature model with experimental measurements
Authors: Piloto Paulo AG , Frigeri Ary VN , Minhoto Manuel , Silva Dyorgge A
Published: February 2022

Rail temperature is a key factor when studying the effects of thermal buckling. Many models have been developed to simulate rail temperatures under various weather conditions. This work is based on the model developed by the Chungnam National University (CNU), which includes the shadow effect on the rail and the solar position to improve the temperature prediction during several periods of the day, validates it with experimental data, and compares it with a finite element model. Furthermore, a python library is developed based on the lumped thermal model with small adaptations, called railtemp. The python package has slightly better performance over the original CNU model, reaching a correlation factor R2 of 0.947 and a root mean square error of 2.6°C. Furthermore, a new proposal is presented to determine the temperatures on rail tracks based on air temperature.
Late-Holocene paleoenvironmental and land-use changes in Western Greece based on a sediment record from Klisova lagoon
Authors: Emmanouilidis Alexandros , Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos , Kouli Katerina , Avramidis Pavlos
Published: February 2022

In this study, we present the findings of a sediment core retrieved from Klisova lagoon, Western Greece, an area with a long record of documented human presence. The recovered deposits were subjected to sedimentological, XRF, and micropaleontological analyses. For the last 4700 cal BP, the freshwater influx, the progradation of the Evinos river delta and related geomorphological changes control the environmental conditions in the lagoon. Considering the centennial temporal resolution of our analyses, small offsets of c.a. 50 years due to lack of regional reservoir correction do not considerably impact the reported radiocarbon ages. Prior to 4000 cal BP, a relatively shallow water depth, significant terrestrial/freshwater input and increased weathering in the lagoon area are inferred. Elemental proxies and increased dinoflagellate cyst and foraminiferal abundances, which indicate marine conditions with prominent freshwater influxes, point to the gradual deepening of the lagoon up to 2000 cal BP. The marine and freshwater condition equilibrium sets at 1300 cal BP, with the lagoonal system reaching its present state. Maxima of anthropogenic pollen indicators during the Mycenaean (3200 cal BP), Hellenistic (2200 cal BP), and Late Byzantine (800 cal BP) periods suggest intervals of increased anthropogenic activities in the area.
Development of a calibration model for near infrared spectroscopy using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Menghu , Pan Tianhong , Bai Yang , Chen Qi
Published: February 2022

Development of qualitative or quantitative models is essential to exploit the full potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In tandem with one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), a data-driven model is developed using NIR spectroscopy to estimate organic contents. First, the 1D-CNN model is designed to capture the features of the NIR spectra by means of several convolutional and pooling operations. Then, the suitable hyper-parameters of 1D-CNN are obtained by using the grid search algorithm to achieve the optimal performance. Furthermore, the dropout operation is added into the 1D-CNN to suppress the overfitting problem by means of removing some neurons, and the probability distribution of throwing follows the Bernoulli distribution. The developed framework is validated by the application in the sugar content estimation of Huangshan Maofeng tea. The experimental results demonstrate that the key features of the NIR spectra are successfully extracted by the proposed strategy; thereby, a new effective scheme for analyzing NIR spectra is provided for food analysis.
Black male college athlete identity: A scoping review
Authors: Howe Jonathan E.
Published: February 2022

Scholarship on college athlete identity has increased within recent decades; however, there remains a dearth of literature centred on identity and Black male college athletes. While athletic identity is often self and socially regarded as a dominant identity, this population also holds numerous identities, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, class, and being a student. This scoping review synthesizes 26 peer-reviewed pieces of scholarship that focus on Black male college athletes and identity. Thematic categories found in this literature include discussions of athletic identity, complexities and intersections of identity, United States (US) college and athletic context impacting identity salience, and shifting the narrative of Black male college athlete identity. This review concludes with future directions that encourage the increase in research regarding identity and Black male college athletes.
Games and Assessment: Measuring How Course Content Impacts Race-Talk
Authors: Brunson Alicia L. , Edward Donovan
Published: February 2022

Background: Race-talk reduces racial prejudice, presents correct information regarding race, improves racial literacy, and encourages positive race relations. Purpose: This research demonstrates how experiential learning in the form of a game measures Race and Ethnicity course curriculum effectiveness. Methodology/Approach: We used a live version of the game Guess Who (Hasbro) at the beginning and end of the semester and assessed students’ reflections of the game to measure changes in race-talk. Findings/Conclusions: The results indicate courses focusing on institutional racism for 16 weeks may produce a change in race-talk. Implications: Students benefit from this activity by growing in their racial literacy, and instructors benefit by using the game to assess their curriculum's effectiveness.
Development and Validation of a Tool to Examine Program-Wide Implementation of the Pyramid Model
Authors: Vatland Christopher , Barton Erin E. , Pham Lam , Fox Lise , Hemmeter Mary Louise , Henry Gary
Published: February 2022

In recent years, there has been increased attention regarding systems-level implementation to support the sustained use of evidence-based interventions and supports in authentic early childhood settings. With this comes a need to accurately measure implementation fidelity of the critical features within a framework as well as individual practices. Program-Wide Support for Pyramid Model Implementation (PWS-PMI) provides an approach for early childhood programs to develop such a framework that can underpin evidence-based practices in their classrooms. This article describes an evaluation of the technical properties of the Supporting Program-wide Implementation Fidelity Instrument (SPIFI), a fidelity tool that was developed to be used by typical evaluators to measure PWS-PMI in these settings. Findings suggest that the instrument reliably demonstrated construct validity when used by typical evaluators to assess PWS-PMI and provides initial validation of the SPIFI as an objective measure for use in evaluative research and technical assistance.
Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management
Authors: Veronesi Maria Cristina , Fusi Jasmine
Published: February 2022

Practical relevance:

Despite considerable interest in the field of companion animal reproduction, feline neonatology remains largely unstudied. This contrasts with the need for a more professional veterinary approach to newborn kittens and feline husbandry, across the pet, breeding cattery and rescue shelter settings, to reduce kitten mortality.

Global importance:

Feline neonatology has relevance for veterinarians around the world as cats are continuing to become established as popular companion animals.

Clinical challenges:

Perinatal mortality in cats is remarkably high. Therefore, adequate neonatal evaluation and assistance at birth, careful monitoring of kittens in the vulnerable period until weaning begins, assessment of maternal factors and well-informed management of orphans are crucial in helping to reduce kitten losses.

Aim:

This review aims to deepen the basic knowledge of the veterinary clinical team regarding the characteristics of feline newborns under normal conditions at birth through to the commencement of weaning. Much of the information is also relevant to breeders and rescue/shelter caregivers.

Evidence base:

In compiling the present review, the authors have drawn on specific feline research data, where available, complemented by data extrapolated from scientific publications on newborn dogs, and also their own and their colleagues’ professional clinical experience.
IgA Vasculitis Without Typical Skin Rash Concomitated With c-ANCA Positivity
Authors: Abukhatwah Mohamed W , Kamal Naglaa M , Altowairqi Muteb K , Alzahrani Wejdan A , Alsuwat Shaher A , Soliman Ahmed
Published: February 2022

We describe a case of IgA vasculitis without typical skin rash concomitated with c-ANCA positivity in a 6-year-old boy who presented with persistent severe generalized colicky abdominal pain, recurrent episodes of vomiting, non-pitting edema of both hands and feet, both knees and ankles arthritis with no associated skin rash following a history of an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks before presentation. Initially, he had normal laboratory findings apart from sub-nephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria in his urine analysis. Two weeks later, he started to have hypertension, gross hematuria, nephrotic range proteinuria, marked elevation of serum urea and creatinine associated with positive serum C-ANCA. Renal biopsy revealed heavy IgA mesangial deposition with marked crescent formation involving more than 89% of the glomeruli (grade V). Aggressive therapeutic measures were initiated including IV pulsed steroid therapy and IV pulsed cyclophosphamide for 5 cycles followed by oral steroid and mycophenolate with close monitoring of the patient who showed marked improvement. Up to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IgA-vasculitis-associated nephritis with bowel angina symptoms, arthritis, and edema but without typical skin rashes.
What Does It Mean to Be a Site of Conscience? “Good Trouble” Across the Globe
Authors: Norris Linda
Published: February 2022

Representing more than 300 sites in 65 countries, the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience represents a movement of historic sites, museums and memory initiatives that commit to universal principles of human rights and the power of history to create positive change. The Coalition is built on the belief that history is intensively local and personal—and that as a global network, members can benefit from exchanges around the globe, building a worldwide movement.
Vibration level reduction by floor coverings installed on wooden slabs
Authors: Lietzén Jesse , Kylliäinen Mikko , Valjakka Saveli , Pajunen Sami
Published: February 2022

Effect of floor coverings on impact sound insulation can be described with a vibration level reduction (Δ La). In this study, tests with two floor coverings, eight wooden slabs and with a concrete mock-up slab were conducted by applying the method presented by Sommerfeld and the standard ISO 16251-1. The aim was to study the differences affecting the measured Δ La and the behaviour of the floor coverings installed on different slabs. The results suggest that the Δ La on concrete slabs do not correspond with the Δ La on wooden slabs. Thus, the floor coverings should be measured on wooden slabs when they are to be used within the timber construction industry. The results also show that the coverings should be measured on the wooden slabs where the products are expected to be used. In addition, a standardized test method for the wooden slabs corresponding the method of ISO 16251-1 should be developed.
Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harming thoughts and behaviors in clinically referred children and adolescents with gender dysphoria
Authors: Hartig Amelie , Voss Catharina , Herrmann Lena , Fahrenkrug Saskia , Bindt Carola , Becker-Hebly Inga
Published: February 2022

Background

Young transgender or gender nonconforming (TGNC) children and adolescents or those with a gender dysphoria (GD) diagnosis show an increased risk of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harming thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Data from German-speaking regions on this topic and studies comparing self- and parent-reported STBs have been scarce. The study aims were therefore to examine: (a) frequencies of self- and parent-reported STBs in a German clinical sample of children and adolescents with GD and (b) differences between age and gender groups, as well as between self- and parent-reports.

Methods

Two items from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) were used to assess self- and parent-reported STBs in a sample of 343 adolescents and 49 children who presented to the Hamburg Gender Identity Service (Hamburg GIS) between 2013 and 2019. Seventy-eight percent of the analysis sample was assigned female at birth (AFAB), and 22% were assigned male at birth (AMAB).

Results

Parents reported STBs on the CBCL for 16% and 6% of the cases in childhood and for 20% and 29% of the adolescent cases, respectively. STBs were self-reported by 38% and 45% of the adolescents who could report on the YSR. STBs were higher among adolescents than among children and in self-reports (YSR) compared to parent reports (CBCL). AFAB adolescents reported higher degrees of STBs than AMAB adolescents.

Conclusions

Children and adolescents with GD are a high-risk population for STBs, especially pubescent and AFAB individuals. Mental health professionals should screen early for STBs to prevent possible suicidal ideation-to-action transitions.
Is India’s rape crisis a recent phenomenon? At the crossroads of religious nationalism, caste, and gender
Authors: Manian Sunita
Published: February 2022

Recent national and international media accounts of urban educated women in India being sexually assaulted and brutally murdered have raised legitimate worries that India is experiencing a “rape crisis.” This paper challenges the notion that sexual violence in India is a recent phenomenon and argues that sexual violence has been the tool of control of marginalized groups in India including Muslims, the peoples of Northeastern India, Dalits and Adivasis, with the women from these communities bearing most of the brunt of the gendered sexual violence. These forces have been exacerbated by the rising ideology of militant Hindu-supremacy in the last decade, buoyed by the support of Indian middle/upper classes/castes, simultaneously accompanied by constructions of Indian masculinity that relegates women to the domestic sphere. Middle/upper class Indian women negotiating the newfound opportunities in India’s neo-liberal economy find themselves subject to the sexual violence that has long victimized others marginalized by religion, caste, ethnicity, and gender. I underscore the Janus-faced nature of Indian middle-class protests against sexual violence targeting (middle-class) women, given the widespread support among the elites for Hindu supremacy which draws its power through the sexualized violence it inscribes on the bodies of those marginalized by their religion, caste, ethnicity and gender.
Contents and sentiment analysis of newspaper articles and comments on telemedicine in Korea: Before and after of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Kang EunKyo , Song Narae , Ju HyoRim
Published: February 2022

Telemedicine is rapidly growing to meet the increased needs for high-quality health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, telemedicine is still a sensitive issue as it is related to medical privatization. The use of telemedicine after the COVID-19 outbreak might be influenced by public opinion, and this may be an important key in implementing telemedicine. In this study, we aimed to assess if telemedicine-related newspaper articles and comments changed positively during the COVID-19 pandemic. From January 1, 2019, to March 1, 2020 (before COVID-19), a total of 1073 telemedicine-related articles were found in the Korean news network. Although the post-COVID-19 article collection period (from March 2, 2020, to September 30, 2020) was about half that of the pre-COVID-19, about twice the number (1934) of telemedicine-related articles were collected. And telemedicine-related news articles had a more positive tone post-COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19 (52.9% after vs 40.4% before). In conclusion, this study presented the association between the COVID-19 outbreak and changes in the media’s perception of telemedicine in Korea. This study presented that, as telemedicine begins to be utilized due to COVID-19, news media and readers who embrace it are beginning to view telemedicine positively, suggesting that COVID-19 has a positive foundation for the spread of telemedicine.
Key preferences of tourists during COVID-19 pandemic in luxury hotels: Evidence from qualitative data
Authors: Kajla Tanveer , Raj Sahil , Sharma Sharad , Joshi Mahesh , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: February 2022

There is a decline in revenue and occupancy rates in the hotels during the pandemic. For the sustainable and long-term recovery of the hotel industry, the guests need to be analyzed for their stay preferences. This study attempts to find the preferred attributes of the travelers visiting the Indian luxury hotels during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research investigated the post-visit experiences from the online reviews published by tourists on TripAdvisor.com. Thematic salience valence analysis and lexical salience valence analysis was used to identify the vital attributes of the hotel industry. The study revealed staff, location, food, hygiene, and rooms as the preferred hotel attributes, in which the coastal locations were highly considered for location based marketing of luxury hotels, and non-compliance of COVID-19 standards and complaints for upgradations in the rooms were the non-recommenders for the luxury hotels. The dashboard-based salience valence zone analysis was used to provide suggestions to the hotel authorities by revealing the significant and critical hotel attributes simultaneously for prompt handling of the issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of inter-reflections on the chromatic structure of the light field
Authors: Yu C , Eisemann E , Pont S
Published: February 2022

Chromatic properties of the effective light in a space are hard to predict, measure and visualise. This is due to complex interactions between materials and illuminants. Here, we describe, measure and visualise the effects of inter-reflections on the structure of the physical light field for diffusely scattering scenes. The spectral properties of inter-reflections vary as a function of the number of bounces they went through. Via a computational model, these spectral variations were found to be systematic and correspond with brightness, saturation and hue shifts. We extended our light-field methods to measure and understand these spectral effects on the first-order properties of light fields, the light density and light vector. We tested the model via a set of computer renderings and cubic spectral illuminance measurements in mock-up rooms under different furnishing scenarios for two types of illuminants. The predicted spectral variations were confirmed and indeed varied systematically within the resulting light field, spatially and directionally. Inter-reflections predominantly affect the light density spectrum and have less impact on the light vector spectrum. It is important to consider these differential effects for their consequences on the colour rendering of 3-dimensional objects and people.
Life Purpose as a Predictor of Resilience and Persistence in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Gitima , Yukhymenko-Lescroart Mariya A.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which life purpose explained the variance in college students’ levels of resilience and persistence amidst COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilized a cross-sectional design and focused upon the three dimensions of life purpose: awareness of purpose, awakening to purpose, altruistic purpose. Structural equation modeling showed that both resilience and persistence were predicted positively by awakening to purpose when a traditional three-correlated factors model was used to specify the measure of life purpose. When a bifactor model was used, the general factor of purpose emerged as a positive predictor of both resilience and persistence. Additionally, awakening to purpose emerged as a positive predictor of resilience above and beyond the general factor of purpose. Practical implications of this study lie in supporting students to actively explore and fulfill their life’s purpose since doing so might strengthen their resilience and intent to persevere.
Strategies for Establishing Dependability between Two Qualitative Intrinsic Case Studies: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Janis Ilyana
Published: February 2022

Dependability (also known as consistency) is one of four criteria in rigor and trustworthiness in qualitative research. In this article, the process of establishing consistency is discussed through the lenses of constructivism and interpretivism, as the observed social reality is viewed as epistemologically counter-intuitive. Two strategies were used to establish consistency. First, method, source, and data triangulation were conducted concurrently to overcome differences in data collection methods from two qualitative intrinsic case studies. Second, code and meaning saturation were used in ATLAS.ti to identify similar meanings and interpretations despite different data collection methods. The findings showed that consistency can still be achieved, and similar meanings and interpretations can be established despite different data collection methods.
Processing of waste carbon and polyamide fibers for high performance thermoplastic composites: A novel manufacturing technology for unidirectional tapes structure
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Furqan , Hasan Mir Mohammad B , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an innovative, eco-friendly and sustainable tape manufacturing technology that transforms waste carbon and polyamide fibers into a new class of fibrous structure with unidirectional fiber orientation, termed “unidirectional tapes structure” for the fabrication of high performance composites. This novel technology imparts homogeneity, uniformity, orientation and thermal stability in unidirectional tapes structure that resemble conventional prepreg material. Unidirectional configuration of the tapes structure brings a revolution towards development of cost efficient carbon fiber composites for load bearing structural applications. This paper introduces the concept of tape manufacturing technology and highlights the modifications, optimization, and technological developments carried out to develop unidirectional tapes. The structural parameters that play a significant role in the properties of the high performance composite, such as fiber length, fiber orientation, fiber damage, and uniformity, were assessed during tape manufacturing. The results reveal composites fabricated from unidirectional tape structures with optimum parameters deliver tensile strength and modulus of 1370 ± 22 MPa and 85 ± 4 GPa, respectively.
No Balance, No Problem: Evidence of Partisan Voting in the 2021 Georgia U.S. Senate Runoffs
Authors: Algara Carlos , Hale Isaac , Struthers Cory L.
Published: February 2022

Recent work on American presidential elections suggests that voters engage in anticipatory balancing, which occurs when voters split their ticket in order to moderate collective policy outcomes by forcing agreement among institutions controlled by opposing parties. We use the 2021 Georgia U.S. Senate runoffs, which determined whether Democrats would have unified control of the federal government given preceding November victories by President-elect Biden and House Democrats, to evaluate support for anticipatory balancing. Leveraging an original survey of Georgia voters, we find no evidence of balancing within the general electorate and among partisans across differing model specifications. We use qualitative content analysis of voter electoral runoff intentions to support our findings and contextualize the lack of evidence for balancing withan original analysis showing the unprecedented partisan nature of contemporary Senate elections since direct-election began in 1914.
The Physiological Profile Following Two Popular Cold Interventions After Activity in Hot and Humid Environment
Authors: Wang Zewen , Fan Yongzhao , Kong Xiaoyang , Viroux Patrick , Tiemessen Ivo J. H. , Wu Hao
Published: February 2022

This research aims to describe and compare the effects of partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) and cold-water immersion (CWI) on the physiological responses of soccer players after cycling in a hot and humid environment. Sixteen elite soccer players participated in three experiments, and received CWI (13°C for 15 min), PBC (110°C−140°C for 3 min), and CON (room temperature: 21°C ± 2°C), respectively, after aerobic and anaerobic cycling in a hot and humid environment (temperature: 35°C–38°C; humidity: 60%–70%). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa-), perfusion index (PI), oxygen saturation (SaO2), core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Ts), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed at baseline and through 20 min (5-min intervals). HR was lower in CWI than CON after 20 min ( p < .05). SaO2 was higher in CWI than PBC and CON between 10 and 20 min ( p < .05). Tc was lower from CWI and PBC than CON between 10 and 20 min ( p < .05). Ts was lower in PBC than CWI between 15 and 20 min ( p < .05). RPE was lower in PBC than CON 20 min after the exercise ( p < .05). No main group differences for BLa- and PI were observed. The physiological effects of PBC are generally similar to CWI. Compared with CON, both CWI and PBC could promote the recovery of physiological indexes within 20 min of exercise in a hot and humid environment. However, PBC can lead to a decrease in SaO2 due to excessive nitrogen inhalation.
Impact of MW rays on extraction and application of Ficus religiosa bark based natural colourant for cotton dyeing
Authors: Akram Waseem , Adeel Shahid , Amin Nimra , Habib Noman , Inayat Asma , Mirnezhad Somayeh
Published: February 2022

The present study aims to extract a natural brown colourant from Ficus religiosa for cotton dyeing using the microwave radiation process. The colourant was isolated in aqueous and acidic media before and after microwave treatment (MW) for up to 6 min. The dye variables have been optimised for the development of new shades with good fastness characteristics, 1–5 g/100 mL of sustainable chemical and bio-mordants have been used. It has been found that irradiated aqueous extract (RE) containing 3 g/100 mL of salt at 55°C for 45 min has given high colour yield onto cotton fabric (RS) after microwave treatment for 4 min. The utilization of 2% of Al, 2% of Fe, 3% of tannic acid (T.A.) as pre chemical mordant whereas 4% of Al, 5% of Fe, 2% of tannic acid as post chemical mordant has given good colour characteristics. In comparison 3% of acacia and 4% pomegranate while 4% of Acacia and 2% of pomegranate extracts as post-bio-mordant have given excellent colour characteristics. It is concluded that MW treatment has an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colourant from Ficus Religiosa bark powder for cotton dyeing, whereas the inclusion of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable and environmental friendly.
How can Story Completion be Used in Culturally Safe Ways?
Authors: Lenette Caroline , Vaughan Priya , Boydell Katherine
Published: February 2022

Story completion is a narrative inquiry method where participants complete a story from an opening hypothetical scenario or ‘stem’ that researchers create. While interest in this method is growing across disciplines due to its emancipatory potential, the literature fails to address how story completion can be used in culturally safe ways. Cultural safety in research means that it is the participants who determine whether the process values and privileges their unique standpoints and perspectives. Culturally safe research approaches and methods are crucial to decolonisation efforts in the academy. To illustrate this topic, we draw from our experience using a digital version of story completion in May 2020 to prompt thoughts on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We received 52 responses from Australian residents using a stem relating to a pandemic-related scenario. When we noted the lack of diversity in ethnic backgrounds in participant demographic information, we wondered whether story completion was reinforcing rather than disrupting norms about narrative inquiry and what constitutes a story, and we questioned our recruitment strategy. In this paper, we highlight the importance of decolonising research methodologies rather than merely adapting or validating methods by using them across different cultural contexts. We explain how our story completion project led to reflections on western constructions of storytelling, how to create the stem, and how to improve our recruitment approach. In response, we propose a rhizomatic perspective, which values multiple entry and exit points in research, to frame practical strategies that can improve the potential of using story completion in culturally safe ways. These include: embracing messy stories; exploring diverse notions of storytelling; favouring story fragments (rather than stems) and story assemblage (rather than completion); co-designing story fragments with target groups; and collaborating with local communities to co-design culturally appropriate and sensitive recruitment strategies and projects.
Application of vibration analysis using time-frequency analysis to detect and predict mechanical failure during the nut manufacturing process
Authors: Novelo Xux Ek’ Azucena , Chu Hsiao-Yeh
Published: February 2022

The nut manufacturing machine operates almost continuously throughout the day and, consequently, requires frequent maintenance, the duration of which depends on the type of fault. Unpredicted downtime can cause loss of production volume, inability to meet critical timelines, and product quality degradation. Vibration research was conducted on a six-die nut manufacturing machine, which experienced frequent faults on the fourth and sixth dies that exerted the greatest impact on the nut material. The application of several analytical techniques on vibration data – the fast Fourier Transform, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Multiscale Entropy, Shock Response Spectrum, and correlation – enabled the identification of fault indicators, which would be useful for predictive maintenance. These features were detectable up to 8 h 28 min and up to 1 h 9 min prior to failure or deterioration resulting from severe and regular damage, respectively. Faults included quality deterioration and die and non-die breakage, fusion, bending and cracking. This research can optimise machine efficiency through timely upkeep facilitated by predictive maintenance.
Arteriographic patterns of peripheral arterial disease in lower limbs in a Peruvian cohort of patients
Authors: Cubas Wildor Samir , Cáceres-Farfán Ludwig , Rojas-Huillca Miguel , Pachas-Canales Carlos , Salazar-Cuizano Milagros , Tipacti-Rodríguez Félix
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is currently no universal and uniform pattern of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower limbs; however, it is influenced by various cardiovascular factors of the individual. The objective of this study was to identify the arteriographic patterns of PAD in the lower limbs according to cardiovascular factors in a Peruvian cohort of patients.

Methods

This is an analytical, observational, and retrospective study. The arteriographic patterns of PAD in the aortoiliac segment were analyzed with the TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC-II) score and the Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for the femoropopliteal (FP), infraopopliteal (IP), and pedial (P) segments in a Peruvian cohort from January 2018 to May 2021.

Results

595 patients (833 extremities) were analyzed with a mean age of 67.54 ± 16.39 years, and the main cardiovascular factor was diabetes (65.04%). The patients older than 65 years with GLASS FP 4 (p = 0.042), IP 0 (p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.047) presented significant findings: in men and women with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.031) and P 2 ( p = 0.045); diabetes with TASC-II A ( p = 0.031), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 4 ( p = 0.009), and P2 ( p = 0.003); dyslipidemia with TASC-II D ( p = 0.027), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 0 ( p = 0.009), and P0 ( p = 0.003); smoking with TASC-II D ( p = 0.001), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.049) and IP 0 ( p = 0.008); chronic coronary disease with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.049) and P2 ( p = 0.037); chronic kidney disease with GLASS FP 4 ( p=0.047), IP 4 ( p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.016); and previous amputation history with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.015) and P2 ( p = 0.039). The most frequent arteriographic pattern of PAD in the lower limbs of our cohort was TASC-II A, GLASS FP 0 and 4, IP 0, and P2 ( p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Our work will allow the limb salvage teams to understand the behavior of PAD affectation in the population of our environment, allowing a timely control of cardiovascular risk factors, adequate revascularization planning, and a significant reduction in the risk of loss of limb.
When the sense of fluency triggers an attentional bias
Authors: Turo Sibylle , Collin Frédéric , Brouillet Denis
Published: February 2022

Spatial attention can be captured automatically by an exogenous stimulus (e.g., digital interruption) or by an endogenous stimulus (e.g., valence of the stimulus). In this study, we investigated whether a non-perceptual characteristic (e.g., sense of fluency) has an impact on attention. To this end, we used the conceptual fluency paradigm developed by Whittlesea combined with the dot-probe task developed by MacLeod et al. In three experiments, we measured the response times for each experimental situation (i.e., Valid and Non-valid situations). At each trial, participants were presented in three consecutive displays on a screen: (1) an incomplete and predictive sentence stem; (2) a pair of words, one of which was semantically compatible with the previous sentence stem; and (3) a circle appeared at the spatial location of one of the words. Then, participants had to perform a Go (i.e., a filled circle) and No-go (i.e., an empty circle) task. The analysis found that response times were significantly faster when the Go stimulus appeared at the same location as the semantically compatible word (i.e., Valid situations). Overall, our results show that the sense of fluency triggers attentional capture. Thus, they replicate those of Gardner et al. using another experimental paradigm. Our finding might be helpful to better understand the consequences of digital interruptions on behavioural performance.
Contextual uncertainty of visual scene modulates object-based attention
Authors: Luo Ting , Fu Shimin
Published: February 2022

Contextual information involves invariant properties that are critical in selective attention. There is no direct evidence showing the effect of contextual information on object-based selective attention. The current study aimed to investigate the role of contextual uncertainty on object-based effect using a flanker task and to clarify the contradictory results obtained in previous studies. Herein, contextual uncertainty specifically referred to the configurations of the stimuli presented randomly as vertical or horizontal displays (high contextual uncertainty) that was reduced by showing consistent configurations within a block, via implicit learning of configuration (low contextual uncertainty). In Experiment 1, the object-based effect was observed under the high uncertainty condition and disappeared under the low uncertainty condition, demonstrating that contextual uncertainty modulated object-based attention. Experiment 2 provided explicit knowledge of the configural orientations, which can be utilised to sufficiently guide subsequent perception with increase in cueing interval, and therefore, affected contextual uncertainty. Relative to a short cueing interval, the long cueing interval enabled the participants to utilise the contextual knowledge for guiding visual attention and reducing uncertainty. Consistent with the finding in Experiment 1, the explicit manipulation of contextual uncertainty affected the object-based effect. The results proved that the contextual uncertainty played an important role in prioritisation in the object-based attentional selection. The mechanism of the interplay between contextual uncertainty and object-based attention was discussed.
An observational study of hand hygiene compliance of surgical healthcare workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Ataiyero Yetunde , Dyson Judith , Graham Moira
Published: February 2022

Background

Patients sometimes contract healthcare associated infections (HCAI) which are unrelated to their primary reasons for hospital admission. Surgical site infections are the most investigated and most recurrent type of HCAI in developing countries, affecting up to one-third of surgical patients.

Objective

This study aimed to assess and offer context to the hand hygiene resources available in a Nigerian teaching hospital through ward infrastructure survey, and to determine the hand hygiene compliance rate among surgical healthcare workers (HCWs) in a Nigerian teaching hospital through hand hygiene observations.

Methods

Ward infrastructure survey was conducted in the two adult surgical wards of the hospital using the World Health Organisation (WHO) hand hygiene ward infrastructure survey form. Hand hygiene observations were monitored over seven days in the surgical wards using a modified WHO hand hygiene observation form.

Results

Hand hygiene resources were insufficient, below the WHO recommended minimum standards. Seven hundred hand hygiene opportunities were captured. Using SPSS version 24.0, we conducted a descriptive analysis of audit results, and results were presented according to professional group, seniority and hand hygiene opportunities of the participants. Overall hand hygiene compliance was 29.1% and compliance was less than 40% across the three professional groups of doctors, nurses and healthcare assistants.

Conclusion

Hand hygiene compliance rates of the surgical HCWs are comparable to those in other Sub-Saharan African countries as well as in developed countries.
Establishment of a preliminary FRAX®-based intervention threshold for rheumatoid arthritis–associated fragility fracture: a 3-year longitudinal, observational, cohort study
Authors: Yu Shan-Fu , Chen Ming-Han , Chen Jia-Feng , Wang Yu-Wei , Chen Ying-Chou , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Lai Han-Ming , Chiu Wen-Chan , Ko Chi-Hua , He Hsiao-Ru , Cheng Tien-Tsai
Published: February 2022

Background:

To establish a FRAX®-based prediction model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated fragility fracture.

Methods:

This study is a longitudinal, real-world, registry cohort study. Patients with RA were registered to start in September 2014. The baseline demographics, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk factors of osteoporosis or fragility fracture were recorded. Subsequent fragility fractures during the 3-year observation period were also recorded. We developed a fixed intervention threshold (FITD) to identify fractures by choosing an optimal cut-off point on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and FRAX®. Several models for intervention thresholds (IT), including fixed intervention threshold (Taiwan) (FITT), age-specific individual intervention threshold (IIT), and hybrid intervention threshold (HIT), were compared to evaluate which IT model will have better discriminative power.

Results:

As of December 2020, a total of 493 RA participants have completed the 3-year observation study. The mean age of the participants was 59.3 ± 8.7, and 116 (23.5%) new fragility fractures were observed during the study period. In terms of pairwise comparisons of area under the curve ( n, 95% confidence interval) in the ROC curve, the FITD (0.669, 0.610–0.727, p < 0.001) with a value of 22% in major osteoporotic fracture and FITT (0.640, 0.582–0.699, p < 0.001) is significantly better than reference, but not for IIT (0.543, 0.485–0.601, p = 0.165) and HIT (0.543, 0.485–0.601, p = 0.165).

Conclusion:

An optimal FIT is established for intervention decisions in RA-associated fragility fractures. This model can offer an easy and simple guide to aid RA caregivers to provide interventions to prevent fragility fractures in patients with RA.
Delayed spontaneous haematoma after minimally invasive prostatectomy
Authors: Boyle Connor , Good Daniel , Taylor Linda , McNeill Alan
Published: February 2022

Minimally invasive radical prostatectomy has become the standard surgical approach in the United Kingdom. Haematoma formation is a recognised post-operative complication, but this tends to be regarded as an early complication and there is a paucity of clinical information on the challenges of delayed haematoma formation. We present an unusual case of a man presenting with a late post-operative bleed that occurred spontaneously 5 weeks after surgery. A haematoma developed and was associated with complete disruption of the vesico-urethral anastomosis, that imaging had shown to be intact 11 days post-operatively.

Level of evidence: 4
Conventional versus fast track rehabilitation after total hip replacement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elmoghazy Alyaa Diaa , Lindner Norbert , Tingart Markus , Salem Khaled Hamed
Published: February 2022

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is currently the most successful orthopaedic operation worldwide. This success is, however, dependent on the quality and efficiency of postoperative rehabilitation programs following it. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), sixty patients (32 females, 28 males, mean age 68.4 years) undergoing THR for hip arthritis having either a conventional rehabilitation after a normal hospital stay (30 patients) or a fast track rehabilitation program (30 patients) were compared. Results: The mean length of stay in the conventional group was 7.8 (range: 6–11) days compared to 4.5 (range 3–5) days in the fast track group ( p  = <0.001). Complications included one dislocation in either group, a case of heart failure and a readmission in the conventional group. As regards functional outcome, patients in the conventional group had a mean Harris Hip Score of 69.3 six weeks and 82 twelve weeks postoperatively in comparison to 79 and 91 in the fast track group respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.013 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion: Fast track rehabilitation after THR allows early patient's mobilization and shorter hospital stay with better functional outcome and without increasing the risk of complications or the readmission rate.
A Fatal Case of Penile Calciphylaxis
Authors: D’Assumpcao Carlos , Sharma Rupam , Bugas Addie , Heidari Arash , McPheeters Rick A. , Hillyer Shahab
Published: February 2022

Calciphylaxis is a rare and serious complication of chronic renal failure characterized by vascular calcium overload. It has a high mortality rate. Penile calciphylaxis is an extremely rare condition of penile necrosis due to calciphylaxis of the penile arterioles. Presented here is a severe case of systemic calciphylaxis initially presented as penile necrosis treated with sodium thiosulfate and amputation.