bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telehealth-supported exercise/physical activity programs for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: HE Chengqi , Xiang Xiao-Na , Wang Ze-Zhang , Zhang Jiang-Yin , Li Ke , Chen Qi-Xu , Xu Fa-Shu , Zhang Yue-Wen , He Hong-Chen , Zhu Si-Yi
Published: March 2023

The integration of telehealth-supported programs in chronic disease management has become more common, but it is unclear if this approach is effective for individuals with knee osteoarthritis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of telehealth-supported exercise/physical activity programs in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in September 2022 on randomized controlled trials compared telehealth-supported exercise/physical activity programs to a control condition for knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-three studies met eligibility criteria, of which 20 studies included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that telehealth-supported exercise/physical activity programs reduced pain (g = − 0.39, CI − 0.67 to − 0.11, I2 = 83%), improved physical activity (g = 0.13, CI 0.03 to 0.23, I2 = 0%) and enhanced physical function (g = − 0.51, CI − 0.98 to − 0.05, I2 = 87%). In addition, better improvements in quality of life, self-efficacy for pain, and global improvement were observed, but self-efficacy for physical function showed insignificant improvements. The results indicate that a telehealth-supported exercise/physical activity program could be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Future research should consider longer implementation durations and the feasibility of incorporating wearables and standardized components into large-scale interventions to evaluate the effects.
Activated carbon with high mesopore ratio derived from waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches by KNO3 assisted H3PO4 staged activation for toluene adsorption
Authors: Xie Hongmei , Liu Na , Wang Haoyu , Chen Shuang , Zeng Jia , Zhou Guilin
Published: March 2023

Waste Zanthoxylum bungeanum branches were used to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore ratio by H3PO4 staged activation method with adding KNO3 additive. The prepared activated carbon adsorbents were characterized by SEM, BET, FT-IR, and XRD. The adsorption properties of the prepared activated carbon adsorbents were evaluated by the toluene adsorption/desorption in air. The quasi-first-order, quasi-second-order, and Bangham models were used to fit the obtained toluene adsorption results. The oxidative etching of KNO3 additive improved the pore-forming ability of the H3PO4 activator to enhance the activation pore-forming effects of the selected biomass raw material. The secondary pore-forming effects of K atoms promoted the effective expansion of the pore diameter in the activated carbon preparation process to prepare activated carbon adsorbents with high mesopore proportion. The specific surface area and mesopore proportion of the activated carbon adsorbents prepared by adding KNO3 additive exceeded 1100 m2/g and 71.0%, respectively, and the toluene adsorption capacity exceeded 370.0 mg/g. The rich mesopore structures can effectively reduce the toluene mass transfer resistance, which can promote the corresponding activated carbon adsorbent to be regenerated by low-temperature (40 °C) thermal desorption. The toluene adsorption on the prepared activated carbon adsorbents include surface adsorption and diffusion in pore strucutres, and the toluene adsorption mechanism is more consistent with the Bangham kinetic model.
Improved structure of Zr-BTC metal organic framework using NH 2 to enhance CO 2 adsorption performance
Authors: Esfahani Heidar Javdani , Shahhosseini Shahrokh , Ghaemi Ahad
Published: March 2023

Modified mesoporous NH2-Zr-BTC mixed ligand MOF nanocomposites were synthesized via the hydrothermal method as a novel adsorbent for CO2 capture. The newly modified MOF-808 with NH2 demonstrated a similar mesoporous morphology as MOF-808, whereas the specific surface area, pore volume, and average particle size, respectively, increased by 15%, 6%, and 46% compared to those of MOF-808. The characterization analyses exhibited the formation of more active groups on the adsorbent surface after modification. In addition, a laboratory adsorption setup was used to evaluate the effect of temperature, pressure, and NH2 content on the CO2 adsorption capacity in the range of 25-65 °C, 1-9 bar, and 0-20 wt%, respectively. An increase in pressure and a decrease in temperature enhanced the adsorption capacity. The highest equilibrium adsorption capacity of 369.11 mg/g was achieved at 25°C, 9 bar, and 20wt% NH2. By adding 20wt% NH2, the maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model increased by about 4% compared to that of pure MOF-808. Moreover, Ritchie second-order and Sips models were the best-fitted models to predict the kinetics and isotherm data of CO2 adsorption capacity with the high correlation coefficient (R2> 0.99) and AARE% of less than 0.1. The DH°, DS°, and DG° values were -17.360 kJ/mol, -0.028 kJ/mol K, and -8.975 kJ/mol, respectively, demonstrating a spontaneous, exothermic, and physical adsorption process. Furthermore, the capacity of MH-20% sample decreased from 279.05 to 257.56 mg/g after 15 cycles, verifying excellent stability of the prepared mix-ligand MOF sorbent.
Research on Polishing Mechanisms of Various Surfactants in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Relevant to Cobalt Interconnects
Authors: Zhang Lifei , Wang Shuhui , Wang Tongqing , Lu Xinchun
Published: March 2023

Cobalt (Co) with its low resistivity, superior adhesion property, and void-free seamless fill ability, is being considered by the industry as a promising candidate to replace the conventional tungsten contact plugs for middle-of-the-line and the wiring metal copper interconnects for back-end-of-the-line. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), whose demand is greatly increasing as device dimensions shrink to 7 nm node, has been recognized as one of the indispensable manufacturing approaches for the fabrication of multilevel metal interconnection structures. This work investigates the optimization process of the final CMP step for Co interconnects by introducing surfactants in hydrogen peroxide based slurries. Various types of surfactants having different functional groups were employed and compared thoroughly by material removal rates (MRRs) and selectivity. The chemical and mechanical mechanisms of various surfactants during CMP process have been clearly revealed by various approaches, including polishing and static etching experiments, electrochemical analysis, tests of absolute zeta potentials and particle sizes, as well as wafer surface energy measurements. Research results show that Co MRRs are directly correlated with functional groups of various surfactants. Moreover, absolute zeta potentials of abrasive particles can be deeply influenced by different types of surfactants, where the correlation between absolute zeta potentials and Co MRRs presents strong negative. On the other hand, direct positive correlation between oxide MRRs and particle sizes affected by corresponding surfactants can be summarized. Meanwhile, no obvious corresponding relationship between contact angles and MRRs was found, indicating MRRs was barely affected by wettability of wafer surfaces. At last, the selected surfactants were applied to 12-inches-wafers for verification, including MRRs, removal selectivity, defects and surface roughness. Each of these surfactants could make Co and TEOS surface Ra maintain at around below 0.7 nm and 0.3 nm, with a number of residual particles lower than 600 particle/wafer.
Comparison of three fall risk assessment tools in community-dwelling Saudi elderly: A prospective study
Authors: Alharbi Ahmad A.
Published: March 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Endogenous noise of neocortical neurons drives atypical sensory
response variability in autism
Authors: Bhaskaran Arjun , Gauvrit Théo , Vyas Yukti , Bony Guillaume , Ginger Melanie , Frick Andreas
Published: March 2023

Excessive trial-by-trial and inter-individual neural variability of sensory responses are hallmarks of atypical sensory processing in autistic individuals with cascading effects on other core autism symptoms. The neurobiological substrate of this exaggerated variability is unknown. Here, by recording neocortical single neuron activity in a well-established mouse model of autism, we characterized atypical sensory processing and probed the role of endogenous noise sources as a driver for response variability. The analysis of sensory stimulus evoked activity and spontaneous dynamics, as well as neuronal features, reveals a complex phenotype composed of both cellular and circuit alterations. Neocortical sensory information processing in autistic animals is more variable, unreliable, and temporally imprecise. This increased trial-by-trial and inter-neuronal response variability is strongly related with key endogenous noise features. We provide a novel preclinical framework for understanding the sources of endogenous noise and its contribution to core symptoms in autism, and for testing the functional consequences for mechanism-based manipulation of this noise.
Oral absorption-promoting of Panax notoginseng saponins-loaded Nanoparticles modified with Thiolated trimethyl chitosan and Wheat germ agglutinin
Authors: Fang Ruiyue , Zhao Ying , Lin Shiyuan , Wei Yue , Chen Hui
Published: March 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) oral preparations is the main means of disease treatment in TCM clinically, but the bioavailability of TCM active ingredients such as panax noteginseng saponins (PNS) is low due to its poor intestinal absorption. In this study, PNS nanoparticle modified with thiolated trimethyl chitosan (TMC-Cys) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (PP-WT NPs) was prepared to promote the oral absorption of PNS effectively. In vitro studies demonstrated that PP-WT NPs delayed the release of PNS and had strong anti-enzyme activities against acids and digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal environment. And it has good cell uptake and transport capacity in the Caco-2/HT29 co-cultured cell model. In vivo animal experiments showed that PP-WT NPs could penetrate the mucus layer barrier, and the effective permeability coefficients for R1, Rg1, and Rb1 in the small intestine were 1.68, 1.64, and 1.63 times than that of free PNS, respectively. It was predicted that panax notoginseng saponins-loaded nanoparticles modified with thiolated trimethyl chitosan and wheat germ agglutinin provide an attractive strategy for improving the oral absorption of PNS.
CRISPER-Cas9 identifies growth-related subtype of glioblastoma with therapeutical significance through cell line knockdown
Authors: Zhao Nannan , Weng Siyuan , Liu Zaoqu , Xu Hui , Ren Yuqin , Guo Chunguang , Liu Long , Zhang Zhenyu , Ji Yuchen , Han Xinwei
Published: March 2023

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of highly malignant brain tumor that is known for its significant intratumoral heterogeneity, meaning that there can be a high degree of variability within the tumor tissue. Despite the identification of several subtypes of GBM in recent years, there remains to explore a classification based on genes related to proliferation and growth.
Methods
The growth-related genes of GBM were identified by CRISPR-Cas9 and univariate Cox regression analysis. The expression of these genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (TCGA) was used to construct growth-related subtypes (GGSs) via consensus clustering. Validation of this subtyping was performed using the nearest template prediction (NTP) algorithm in two independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts and the ZZ cohort. Additionally, copy number variations, biological functions, and potential drugs were analyzed for each of the different subtypes separately.
Results
Our research established multicenter-validated GGSs. GGS1 exhibits the poorest prognosis, with the highest frequency of chr 7 gain & chr 10 loss, and the lowest frequency of chr 19 & 20 co-gain. Additionally, GGS1 displays the highest expression of EGFR. Furthermore, it is significantly enriched in metabolic, stemness, proliferation, and signaling pathways. Besides, we screened CCT128930 and Foretinib as potential therapeutic agents for GGS1 which was an independent poor prognostic factor. GGS2 has a moderate prognosis, with a slightly higher proportion of chr 7 gain & chr 10 loss, and the highest proportion of chr 19 & 20 co-gain. The prognosis of GGS3 is the best, with the least chr 7 gain & 10 loss and EGFR expression.
Conclusions
These results enhance our understanding of the heterogeneity of GBM and offer insights for stratified management and precise treatment of GBM patients.
Lifestyle management knowledge, attitude and practice among women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Guizhou, China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: wang lianhong , liu Ying , guo yunmei , yan xin , ding rui , huang shiming
Published: March 2023

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine disorder and is associated with clinical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the life management knowledge, attitudes and practice level in Gui Zhou among women with PCOS .
Methods
A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted .The questionnaire including demographics and life management-related knowledge, attitudes and practices. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors affecting life management behavior.
Results
Overall, 207 women with PCOS participated in this study. The knowledge mean score was 7.71 ± 3.15,attitude mean score was 42.89 ± 7.12 and practice mean score was 12.45 ± 4.13 .45.80% of participants got some health education information for PCOS lifestyle management in the past. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the main factors influencing the behavior of life management among participants were education( B = 2.051, P = 0.007), attitude (B = 0.534, P = 0.043) and knowledge ( B = 0.332, P = 0.021). The model showed 47.5% of variance being shared with the dependent and independent variables (R2 = 0.475, F = 47.661).
Conclusion
Our study observes majority of women with PCOS have adequate knowledge and positive attitude, while poor health behavior in PCOS management. Future research should focus on how to improve health behavioral practices in patients with PCOS.
Effect of ultrasound-guided lung recruitment to reduce pulmonary atelectasis after non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liao Bucheng , Liao Wuhao , Liu Shujuan , Wu Xinhai
Published: March 2023

Background
At present, the application of bedside lung ultrasound is increasing gradually, but there is no relevant expert consensus or guidance for its evaluation in the field of perioperative anesthesia. Through this meta-analysis, we tried to determine the impact of ultrasound-guided lung recruitment maneuvers (LRM) on perioperative patients.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library database, Embase and Clinical trials gov for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to December 31, 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative atelectasis. Secondary outcomes included lung ultrasound score (LUS), the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), the incidence of hypoxemia during resuscitation, driving pressure, lung compliance, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). A total of 443 patients were examined in nine randomized controlled trials.
Results
The incidence of atelectasis after surgery in patients with ultrasound-guided LRM was less (RR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.25–0.40; p < 0.05), the LUS (WMD: -6.24; 95% CI: -6.90-5.59; p < 0.05) and the LUS of each part (LUS difference in front lung region (WMD: -2.00; 95% CI: -2.49 to -1.51; p < 0.05); LUS difference in lateral lung region (WMD: -2.50; 95% CI: -3.20 to -1.80; p < 0.05); The LUS of the posterior lung region was different (WMD: -3.24; 95% CI: -4.23 to -2.24; p < 0.05), and the incidence of hypoxemia during resuscitation was lower (RR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.72; p < 0.05), and the lung compliance was higher (WMD: 5.30; 95% CI: 3.25 to 7.35; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PPCs (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.70; p = 0.63), driving pressure (WMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -1.63 to 1.15; p > 0.05), MAP (WMD: -1.69; 95% CI: -1.69 to 2.40; p > 0.05) and HR (WMD: -2.52; 95% CI: -8.66 to 3.63; p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided lung recruitment manoeuvres can enhance perioperative lung aeration and lung compliance while reducing the development of atelectasis.Furthermore, these effects of ultrasound-guided lung recruitment manoeuvres are superior to non-ultrasound-guided ventilation strategy.
Implications of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index Score on Hospital Readmissions in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abdelbary Asmaa , Kaddoura Rasha , Balushi Sara Al , Ahmed Shiema , Galvez Richard , Ahmed Afif , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Alnaimi Shaikha , Hail Moza Al , Elbdri Salah
Published: March 2023

Background
The likelihood of elderly patients with heart failure (HF) being readmitted to the hospital is higher if they have a higher medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) compared to those with a lower MRCI. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a correlation between the MRCI score and the frequency of hospital readmissions (30-day, 90-day, and 1-year) among elderly patients with HF.
Methods
The study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center, in which MRCI scores were computed utilizing a published tool for 30 patients with high MRCI scores and 30 patients with low MRCI scores.
Results
A total of 150 patients were included. The mean MRCI score for all patients was 33.43. Ninety percent of patients had a high score. There was no link between a high MCRI score and a high 30-day readmission rate (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.99–1.05; p < 0.13). A high MCRI score was associated with an initial significant increase in the 90-day readmission rate (odd ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07; p < 0.022), but not after adjusting for independent factors (odd ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.03; p < 0.487). There was no significant difference between high and low MRCI scores in their one-year readmission rate.
Conclusion
The study's results indicate that there is no correlation between a higher MRCI score and the rates of hospital readmission or mortality among elderly patients with HF. Therefore, it can be concluded that the medication regimen complexity index does not appear to be a significant predictor of hospital readmission or mortality in this population.
Analysis of Relationship between Tumor Markers and Tumors Detected by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay via Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Qinglan , Mao Zhenjun , Chen Guofei
Published: March 2023

The health of people is seriously threatened by the class of disorders known as tumors because of their high risk and high mortality. Early detection and treatment are the most efficient approaches to stop cancers and lower mortality, according to a substantial body of research and preventative data. Therefore, the search for early-diagnosis tumor indicators has taken center stage. The existence of tumors may be detected by a family of molecules known as tumor markers, which have a high sensitivity and specificity. Tumor markers are mainly used for diagnosing tumors, judging efficacy and evaluating prognosis. At present, the detection methods of tumor markers include enzyme-labeled immunoassay technology and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technology. In recent years, with the continuous development of in vitro diagnostic technologies, CLIA has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide detection range, simple operation, good repeatability and specificity, high degree of automation, and no radioactive staining of reagents. It has a good application prospect in clinical medical diagnosis. In this paper, the relationship between tumor markers and tumors is detected by CLIA, and then the tumor markers are analyzed by artificial neural network, and the classification and screening of cancer detection is completed. Finally completed the following work: 1) Introduced the research status of CLIA at home and abroad, and provided a theoretical basis for the analysis method proposed later. 2) The technical principle of ANN is introduced and the SAE neural network model is proposed. 3) Select the model evaluation index, and select the SAE parameters through experiments to construct the optimal SAE model. Input the sample data and then get the accuracy, recall and F1 score of the model. Compared with other models, it can be found that the SAE model proposed in this paper has the best detection performance.
Rehabilitation delivery models to foster healthy ageing – a scoping review
Authors: Seijas Vanessa , Roxanne Maritz , Fernandes Patricia , Benard Renaldo M , Lugo Luz Helena , Bickenbach Jerome , Sabariego Carla
Published: March 2023

Background: Rehabilitation is essential to foster healthy ageing. Older adults have unique rehabilitation needs due to a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases, susceptibility to infectious diseases like COVID-19, injuries, and mental health conditions. However, there is a limited understanding of how rehabilitation is delivered to the ageing population. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to describe rehabilitation delivery models used to optimise the ageing population's functioning/functional ability and foster healthy ageing.
Methods: We searched Medline and Embase (January 2015 to May 2022) for primary studies published in English describing approaches to provide rehabilitation in people older than 50. Three authors screened records for eligibility and extracted data independently and in duplicate. Data synthesis included descriptive quantitative analysis of study and rehabilitation provision characteristics, and qualitative analysis to identify rehabilitation delivery models.
Results: Out of 6,933 identified records, 585 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 283 studies with 69,257 participants were included. We identified six rehabilitation delivery models: outpatient (24%), telerehabilitation (22%), home (18.5%), community (16.3%), inpatient (14.6%), and eldercare (4.7%). These models often involved multidisciplinary teams (31.5%) and follow integrated care principles (30.4%). Most studies used a disease-centred approach (59.0%), while studies addressing multimorbidity (6.0%) and prevalent health problems of ageing, such as pain, low hearing and vision, or incontinence were scarce. The most frequently provided interventions were therapeutic exercises (54.1%), self-management education (40.1%), and assessment of person-centred goals (40%). Other interventions, such as assistive technology (8.1%) and environmental adaptations (7.4%) were infrequent.
Conclusions: We provided a comprehensive overview of six delivery models used to provide rehabilitation to the ageing population and highlight research gaps that require further attention, including a lack of systematic assessment of functioning/functional ability, a predominance of disease-centred rehabilitation, and scarcity of programs addressing prevalent issues like pain, hearing/vision loss, fall prevention, incontinence, and sexual dysfunctions. Our research can facilitate evidence-based decision-making and inspire further research and innovation in rehabilitation and healthy ageing. Limitations of our study include reliance on published research to infer practice and not assessing model effectiveness. Future research in the field is needed to expand and validate our findings.
Doubly N-Confused and Ring-Contracted [24]Hexaphyrin Pd-Complexes: Stable Antiaromatic N-Confused Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Luo Fuying , Liu Le , Wu Han , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Zhou Mingbo , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: March 2023

Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 1,14-dibromotripyrrin produced doubly N-confused and ring-contracted (DNCRC) [24]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.1.1.0) mono- and bis-Pd-complexes as the first example of stable antiaromatic N-confused expanded porphyrins. These macrocycles show a paratropic ring currents, an ill-defined Soret band, a red-shifted weak absorption tail, and a small HOMO-LUMO gap. NBS bromination of the bis Pd-complex gave its mono- and dibromides regioselectively, which were effectively used to synthesize a DNCRC [24]hexaphyrin dimer and a NiII porphyrin-DNCRC [24]hexaphyrin-NiII porphyrin triad, respectively.
Catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for dental treatment: regional evidence from Spain
Authors: López-López Samuel , Pozo-Rubio Raúl del , Ortega-Ortega Marta , Escribano-Sotos Francisco
Published: March 2023

Background

To estimate the incidence and concentration of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for healthcare and dental treatment, by region in Spain (calculated as the proportion of households needing to exceed a given threshold of their income to make these payments) in 2008, 2011 and 2015.

Material and methodology:

The data analysed were obtained from the Spanish Family Budget Survey reports for the years in question. The study method was that proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (2003), contrasting payments for dental treatment versus household income and considering thresholds of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, thus obtaining incidence rates. In addition, relevant sociodemographic variables were obtained for each household included in the study.

Results

With some regional heterogeneity, on average 4.75% of Spanish households spend more than 10% of their income on dental treatment, and 1.23% spend more than 40%. Thus, 38.67% of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for dental services in Spain corresponds to payments at the 10% threshold. This value rises to 55.98% for a threshold of 40%.

Conclusions

An important proportion of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for health care in Spain corresponds to dental treatment, a service that has very limited availability under the Spanish NHS. This finding highlights the need to formulate policies aimed at enhancing dental cover, in order to reduce health care inequalities.
JEL Classification: I110, I180
Impact of an adjacent surface on a rectangular overexpanded supersonic jet
Authors: Gojon Romain , Mihaescu Mihai
Published: March 2023

Flow and acoustic fields of a rectangular over-expanded supersonic jet interacting with an adjacent parallel plate are investigated using compressible LES. The jet exits from a converging diverging rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 2 with a design Mach number 1.5. Four distances (0 to 3 equivalent diameters) between the plate and the adjacent lip of the rectangular jet in the minor axis plane are studied. The geometry of the nozzle, the positions of the plate, and the exit conditions are identical to the ones of an experimental study. Snapshots and mean velocity fields are presented. Good agreement with the PIV experimental measurements is obtained. Previously, the corresponding free jet has been found to undergo a strong flapping motion in the minor axis plane due to screech. Here, it is shown that the intensity of the screech increases for certain distances from the plate and decreases for others,as compared to the corresponding free jet. Two points space-time cross correlations of the pressure along the jet's shear-layers show, in two cases, an amplification of the aeroacoustic feedback mechanism leading to screech noise in the jet shear-layer closer to the plate. This amplification is due to Mach waves impinging on the plate, and generating propagating waves back towards the jet, thus exciting the shear-layer at the screech frequency, around the tenth shock cell. Moreover, when the jet develops as a wall jet on the plate, the screech frequency and its associated flapping motion is canceled but a symmetrical oscillation of the jet at a lower frequency becomes dominant and radiates in the near acoustic field. This oscillation mode, as the ones associated with the screech tones for the other cases studied, can be explained by the use of a vortex sheet model of the ideally expanded equivalent jet.
LINCRNA01094 promotes the renal interstitial fibrosis via miR-513b-5p/MELK/Smad3 axis
Authors: Zhang Xingguang , Jia Binghan , Zhang Yanqi , Wu Haijie , Zhang Sen
Published: March 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic disease that seriously threatens human life and health. Increasing evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) were associated with cancer-related diseases and could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). However, the roles and functions of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in CKD are still unclear. In this study, we performed differential expression analysis of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in CKD using the datasets GSE66494 and GSE80247 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 33 lncRNAs, 20 miRNAs and 240 mRNAs were differentially expressed between CKD and healthy control. Two ceRNA interaction modules composed of 11 hub nodes including 2 lncRNAs (LINC01086, LINC01094), 2 miRNAs (hsa-miR-197-3p, hsa-miR-513b-5p) and 7 mRNAs (CENPF, TOP2A, ARHGAP11A, CEP55, MELK, DTL, ANLN) were constructed according to bioinformatics analysis protocols. In vitro, knockdown of LINC01094 expression in renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells can significantly reduce the phenotype of TGFβ1-induced cell fibrosis. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment and Dual-luciferase reporter experiments based on mutant construction validated that LINC01094 could mediate MELK expression through sponging miR-513b-5p. Our observations indicate that lowering expression of LINC01094 can significantly reduce the TGFβ1-induced HK2 cell fibrosis phenotype and inhibit the progression of renal inflammation through miR-513b-5p/MELK/smad3 signaling pathway.
Infant growth and body composition from birth to 24-months: Are infants developing the same?
Authors: Norris Shane , Nyati Lukhanyo , Murphy-Alford Alexia , Lucas Nishani , Santos Ina , Costa Caroline Santos , Kuriyan Rebecca , Wickramasinghe Pujitha , Ariff Shabina , Jayasinghe Sisitha , Kurpad Anura , Ismail Leila Cheikh , Hills Andrew
Published: March 2023

Background
Given the importance of infancy for establishing growth trajectories, with later-life health consequences, we investigated longitudinal body composition among infants from six economically and ethnically diverse countries.
Methods
We recruited mother-infant dyads using the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study criteria. We measured fat-free mass (FFM) in 1176 (49% female) infants from birth to 6-mo-of-age (Australia, India, and South Africa; n = 468), 3 to 24-mo-of-age (Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka; n = 925), and derived fat mass (FM), fat mass (FMI), and fat-free mass (FFMI) indices. Height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WFLZ) z-scores were computed. Sex differences were assessed using a t-test, and country differences using a one-way analysis of variance. We further compared subsamples of children who tracked the median for HAZ (-0.25 > HAZ < + 0.25), and those who did not.
Results
HAZ tracked well between 0 and 6-mo, but less so between 3 and 24-mo. The stunting prevalence peaked at 10.3% for males and 7.8% for females, at 24-mo. By 24-mo, girls had greater FMI (10%) than boys. There were significant differences in FFM (South African and Sri Lankan males) and FM (South African females and Sri Lankan males) by 24-mo-of-age, between infants whose length tracked the WHO median and those that did not.
Conclusion
In a multi-country sample representing more ideal maternal conditions, body composition was heterogeneous, potentially due to ethnic, breastfeeding, and dietary-pattern differences. Tracking the median of the WHO standard reduced FFM heterogeneity but not FM, suggesting that other factors may influence adiposity.
Ensuring Generalized Fairness in Batch Classification
Authors: Pal Manjish , Pokhriyal Subham , Sikdar Sandipan , Ganguly Niloy
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider the problem of batch classification and propose a novel framework for achieving fairness in such settings. The problem of batch classification involves selection of a set of individuals, often encountered in real-world scenarios such as job recruitment, college admissions etc. This is in contrast to a typical classification problem, where each candidate in the test set is considered separately and independently. In such scenarios, achieving the same acceptance rate (i.e., probability of the classifier assigning positive class) for each group (membership determined by the value of sensitive attributes such as gender, race etc.) is often not desirable, and the regulatory body specifies a different acceptance rate for each group. The existing fairness enhancing methods do not allow for such specifications and hence are unsuited for such scenarios. In this paper, we define a configuration model whereby the acceptance rate of each group can be regulated and further introduce a novel batch-wise fairness post-processing framework using the classifier confidence-scores. We deploy our framework across four real-world datasets and two popular notions of fairness, namely demographic parity and equalized odds. In addition to consistent performance improvements over the competing baselines, the proposed framework allows flexibility and significant speed-up. It can also seamlessly incorporate multiple overlapping sensitive attributes. To further demonstrate the generalizability of our framework, we deploy it to the problem of fair gerrymandering where it achieves a better fairness-accuracy trade off than the existing baseline method.
GP120 and tenofovir alafenamide alter cannabinoid receptor 1 expression in hippocampus of mice
Authors: Kulbe Jacqueline , Le Alexandra Anh , Mante Michael , Florio Jazmin , Laird Anna Eizabeth , Swinton Mary , Rissman Robert , Fields Jerel
Published: March 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction remains prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). There is evidence that low-level HIV infection and ART drugs may contribute to CNS damage in the brain of PWH with suppressed viral loads. As cannabis is used at a higher rate in PWH compared to the general population, there is interest in understanding how HIV proteins and ART drugs interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and inflammation in the CNS. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the HIV envelope protein gp120 and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and IBA1 in the brain and behavior in mice. The gp120 transgenic (tg) mouse model was administered TAF daily for 30 days and then analyzed using the open field test before being euthanized, and their brains were analyzed for CB1R, GFAP, and IBA1 expression using immunohistochemical approaches. CB1R, expression levels were significantly increased in CA1, CA2/3, and dentate gyrus of gp120tg mice compared to wt littermates; TAF reversed these effects. As expected, TAF showed a medium effect of enhancing GFAP in the frontal cortex of gp120tg mice in the frontal cortex. TAF had minimal effect on IBA1 signal. TAF showed medium to large effects on fine movements, rearing, total activity, total distance, and lateral activity in the open-field test. These findings suggest that TAF may reverse gp120-induced effects on CB1R expression and, unlike tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), may not affect gliosis in the brain.
Model optimization of English intelligent translation based on Outlier detection and machine learning
Authors: Bian Yuzhu , Li Jiaxin , Zhao Yuge
Published: March 2023

With the actual demand of international communication, intelligent translation of English has become a key direction of artificial intelligence development in the current English field. For the existing English intelligent translation, how to deal with the massive data effectively is always a big problem. Therefore, it is necessary to use the principle of machine learning to optimize the English intelligent translation model. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the existing English intelligent translation model through spectral clustering to remove outliers, so as to make it more suitable for the use of massive data. Moreover, this paper uses deep learning methods to improve on the basis of the PoseNet network structure and adds regularization to the convolutional layer, which reduces the problem of gradient disappearance and reduces the computational complexity. In addition, this paper uses adaptive weighting to remove invalid model assumptions. In the conceptual space of the similarity matrix, the interior point is farther from the origin than the outlier point. The algorithm in this paper can detect and eliminate the outliers in a paragraph of English. At the same time, the normal English content will be classified into data categories, and the final translation result will be obtained. Through the experimental test, it can be seen that the model proposed in this paper has good performance and can cope with massive data, so it has certain superiority.
Targeted gene expression profiling predicts meningioma outcomes and radiotherapy responses
Authors: Raleigh David , Chen William , Choudhury Abrar , Youngblood Mark , Polley Mei-Yin , Lucas Calixto-Hope , Mirchia Kanish , Maas Sybren , Suwala Abigail , Won Minhee , Bayley James , Harmanci Akdes , Harmanci Arif , Klisch Tiemo , Nguyen Minh , Vasudevan Harish , McCortney Kathleen , Yu Theresa , Bhave Varun , Lam Tai-Chung , Pu Jenny , Leung Gilberto , Chang Jason , Perlow Haley , Palmer Joshua , Haberler Christine , Berghoff Anna , Preusser Matthias , Nicolaides Theodore , Mawrin Christian , Agnihotri Sameer , Resnick Adam , Rood Brian , Chew Jessica , Young Jacob , Boreta Lauren , Braunstein Steve , Schulte Jessica , Butowski Nicholas , Santagata Sandro , Spetzler David , Bush Nancy Ann Oberheim , Villanueva-Meyer Javier , Chandler James , Solomon David , Rogers C , Pugh Stephanie , Mehta Minesh , Sneed Penny , Berger Mitchel , Horbinski Craig , McDermott Michael , Perry Arie , Bi Wenya , Patel Akash , Sahm Felix , Magill Stephen
Published: March 2023

Background
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for meningioma, the most common primary intracranial tumor, but improvements in meningioma risk stratification are needed and current indications for postoperative radiotherapy are controversial. Recent studies have proposed prognostic meningioma classification systems using DNA methylation profiling, copy number variants, DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, histology, or integrated models based on multiple combined features. Targeted gene expression profiling has generated robust biomarkers integrating multiple molecular features for other cancers, but is understudied for meningiomas.
Methods
Targeted gene expression profiling was performed on 173 meningiomas and an optimized gene expression biomarker (34 genes) and risk score (0 to 1) was developed to predict clinical outcomes. Clinical and analytical validation was performed on independent meningiomas from 12 institutions across 3 continents (N = 1856), including 103 meningiomas from a prospective clinical trial. Gene expression biomarker performance was compared to 9 other classification systems.
Results
The gene expression biomarker improved discrimination of postoperative meningioma outcomes compared to all other classification systems tested in the independent clinical validation cohort for local recurrence (5-year area under the curve [AUC] 0.81) and overall survival (5-year AUC 0.80). The increase in area under the curve compared to the current standard of care, World Health Organization 2021 grade, was 0.11 for local recurrence (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.17, P < 0.001). The gene expression biomarker identified meningiomas benefiting from postoperative radiotherapy (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.78, P = 0.0001) and re-classified up to 52.0% meningiomas compared to conventional clinical criteria, suggesting postoperative management could be refined for 29.8% of patients.
Conclusions
A targeted gene expression biomarker improves discrimination of meningioma outcomes compared to recent classification systems and predicts postoperative radiotherapy responses.
Prediction of fatty acid composition in intact and minced fat of European autochthonous pigs breeds by Near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Parrini Silvia , Sirtori Francesco , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Charneca Rui , Crovetti Alessandro , Kušec Ivona Djurkin , Sanchez Elena González , Cebrian Mercedes Maria Izquierdo , Garcia Ana Haro , Karolyi Danijel , Lebret Benedicte , Ortiz Alberto , Panella-Riera Nuria , Petig Matthias , Pires Preciosa Jesus da Costa , Tejerina David , Razmaite Violeta , Aquilani Chiara , Bozzi Riccardo
Published: March 2023

The fatty acids profile has been playing a decisive role in recent years, thanks to technological, sensory and health demands from producers and consumers. The application of NIRS technique on fat tissues, could lead to more efficient, practical, and economical in the quality control. The study aim was to assess the accuracy of Fourier Transformed Near Infrared Spectroscopy technique to determine fatty acids composition in fat of 12 European local pig breeds. A total of 439 spectra of backfat were collected both in intact and minced tissue and then were analyzed using gas chromatographic analysis. Predictive equations were developed using the 80% of samples for the calibration, followed by full cross validation, and the remaining 20% for the external validation test. NIRS analysis of minced samples allowed a better response for fatty acid families, n3 PUFA, n6 PUFA and for the screening (high, medium, low value) of the major fatty acids. Intact fat prediction, although with a lower predictive ability, seems suitable for PUFA and n6 PUFA while for other families allows only a discrimination between high and low values.
Adaptations to the Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study exploring the experiences of service users and providers and supplementary out-of-pocket costs analysis
Authors: Newby Katie , Howlett Neil , Wagner Adam P , Lloyd Nigel , Freethy Imogen , Bontoft Charis , Fakoya Olujoke , Jackson Shelley , Jackson Carla , Wills Wendy , McKibben Mary-Ann , Petherick Annie , Brown Katherine
Published: March 2023

Background: Despite the proliferation of exercise referral schemes in the UK, evidence on their efficacy is equivocal. The Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme (NERS) is heavily used but inequalities in uptake have been reported. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, NERS was initially suspended and then transitioned from standard face-to-face delivery to alternative remote methods, including virtual delivery. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to uptake and engagement of NERS when delivered in face-to-face and virtual formats, and to examine the cost to service users of engaging with the scheme in these different ways.
Methods: This was a qualitative study with supplementary costs analysis. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit participants. Interviews with service users (n=21) and one person who declined the service, and three focus groups with service providers (n=19), were conducted. Framework analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through the interviews on service users’ out-of-pocket costs of attending face-to-face or virtual classes were summarised using descriptive statistics.
Results: Five key themes were identified from the qualitative analysis which summarised barriers and facilitators to uptake and engagement as perceived and experienced by the different stakeholders. Themes included: opaqueness and uncertainty around referral; Exercise Referral Professionals (ERPs) allaying concerns and providing reassurance at scheme entry; the mixed appeal and accessibility of virtual delivery; factors that support ongoing engagement; and personal and financial circumstances restricting uptake and engagement.
Conclusions: This study indicates that offering a virtual version of NERS could make the scheme more accessible to those who are typically underserved, provided strategies to address digital inclusion are addressed. The findings also provide wider evidence to inform adaptations that could be made to ensure that other exercise referral schemes can optimise virtual delivery.
Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Under Different Agroforestry Practices in the Drylands of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Masebo Nebiyou , Birhane Emiru , Takele Serekebrehane , Belay Zerihun , Lucena Juan J. , Anjulo Agena
Published: March 2023

The conversion of an agroforestry based agricultural system to monocropping farming system influences the distribution and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The objective of this paper was to analyze AMF species diversity, spore density and root colonization across different agroforestry practices (AFP) in southern Ethiopia. Soil and root samples were collected from homegarden, cropland, woodlot, and trees on soil and water conservation based AFP. AMF spores were extracted from the soil and species diversity evaluated using morphological analysis and root colonization from root samples. The spore density, root colonization and the composition of AMF were significantly different among the AFP (P < 0.05). In this study, a total of 43 AMF morphotypes belonging to 11 genera were identified, dominated by Acaulospora (32.56%) followed by Claroideoglomus (18.60%). Homegardens had the highest spore density (7641.5 spore100 g− 1 dry soil) and the lowest was recorded in croplands (683.6 spore100 g− 1 dry soil). Woodlot had the highest root colonization (54.75%) followed by homegarden (48.25%). The highest isolation frequency (63.63%) was recorded for Acaulospora scrobiculata. Distribution of AMF species and diversity were significantly related to soil total nitrogen and organic carbon. The homegarden and woodlot AFP were suitable for soil AMF reserves and conservation.
Experimental Investigation of High Filler Loading of SiO 2 on the Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Natural PALF fibre-Based Hybrid Composite
Authors: G Velmurugan , V Siva Shankar , M Nagaraj
Published: March 2023

This work aims to investigate the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) epoxy hybrid composites. The compression molding process was used to create the composite. To achieve the aforementioned goals, the blends were made using 25% PALF and varied weight proportions (3wt%, 6wt%, and 9wt%) of SiO2 nanoparticles. Tensile, bending, impact, interlaminar shear, shoreline D hardness, and dynamic mechanical analysis were all evaluated. SEM was used to examine the morphology of the materials, and an FTIR spectrometer was used to look for the presence of organic chemicals in fiber-reinforced composite materials. The findings show that adding 25% PALF fiber and 6% SiO2 nanoparticles (D-type) to the epoxy polymer improved the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. It can be attributed to the improved interaction and homogeneous dispersion of the fillers and epoxy polymers. Moreover, the water uptake parameters of all samples were studied. The findings showed that the inclusion of reinforcements boosts the water uptake of the composite significantly. The initial deterioration rate of the SiO2-incorporated hybrids is almost the same, at about 400°C, which is considerably greater than that of the beginning breakdown temperatures of PALF (300°C), according to the thermography study. This might imply that the fiber and polymers form a stronger bond, reducing polymer movement and increasing the thermostability of the combination.