bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Pemodelan Metode Time Domain Electromagnetic 3D untuk Model Homogen dan Berlapis
Authors: Yogi Ida Bagus Suananda , Warsa Warsa
Published: October 2019

Makalah ini membahas pemodelan sintetik data time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) 3D untuk model bumi berlapis homogen dan bersifat isotropis. Beberapa model 3D dan bumi berlapis sederhana digunakan dalam pemodelan untuk mengetahui respon model. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan metode beda hingga domin-waktu (nite dierence time-domain) secara 3D. Metode beda hingga domin-waktu merupakan metode yang cukup intuitif untuk dipahami karena mengikuti proses induksi medan elektromagnetik di alam. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar jarak transmitter-recevier, nilai arus yang diinjeksikan dan panjang transmitter, maka struktur dalam akan semakin mudah terdeteksi atau menghasilkan respon sinyal yang masih kuat. Fakta lain adalah bahwa nilai arus sangat berperan sebagai pengali nilai respon, termasuk panjang transmitter jika panjang transmitter tidak lebih besar dari jarak transmitter-receiver. Hasil lainnya adalah bahwa respon sinyal model bumi berlapis hasil pemodelan 1D serupa dengan hasil pemodelan 3D. Dari hasil pemodelan anomali balok secara 3D didapati bahwa dimensi lateral dari anomali balok mempengaruhi respon secara signikan. Namun, pemodelan 1D menghasilkan respon sinyal yang sama untuk model balok yang berbeda. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemodelan 3D model homogen isotropis menggunakan parameter akuisisi yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi intesitas dari respon sinyal yang berujung pada sensitivitas pengukuran untuk mendeteksi anomali tertentu. Hal lain yang perlu dicermati adalah anomali 3D dapat menghasilkan model yang berbeda pada pemodelan 1D dan 3D, sehingga dimensi struktur perlu diperkirakan dalam mengolah data TDEM.
Application of Velocity Variation with Angle (VVA) Method on an Anisotropic Model with Thomsen Delta Anisotropy Parameters
Authors: Pranowo Waskito , Winardhi Sonny
Published: October 2019

Anisotropic properties will influence seismic propagation, for example it will affect wave velocity. One of well-known anisotropi equation for Transversaly Isotropic media is weak anisotropy with Thomsen's notation. Supriyono [2011] tried to estimate all of these variables by using velocity variation with angle (VVA) attribute. This research uses synthetic data, which is CMP Gather to know limitations of VVA attribute, to identify the error values, and to determine the best indicator of anisotropic eect. This research also uses another analysis method, which is grid search inversion to estimate VP0. From this research, Both VVA and grid search invesion still produce signcant error. The effects which will appear because of anisotropic property's presence are hockey-stick and over NMO-stretching.
Identification of Leaching Zone in Pasirimpun Dump Station, West Java, Indonesia Using Resistivity and Induced Polarization Method
Authors: Nugraha Alfin Ari , Ilmanto A.` A. , Jonathan J. , Rashad R. M. , Maghrifa S.
Published: October 2019

The presence of dump stations around resident's houses besides resulting air pollution, it is also affectingthe cleanliness of water used by society to meet their daily needs. Location where we researched is at ex-Pasirimpun Dump Station, Karang Pamulang Village, Kecamatan Cicadas, Bandung. Although Pasirimpun Dump Station has been closed and turned function into Taman Abdi Negara, it is feared that there is a water pollution caused by leach zone. Geophysical measurements by geoelectric method are performed to prove the leaching zone. This study aims to determine the depth of the leaching zone, its position against the groundwater level, and what potential harm can caused by the leaching zone. The methodology that is used are direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. Our measurements is done by using schlumberger conguration and Induced Polarization (IP) method on morphology that tend to be at with a length of 141 meters stretch and a spaceof 3 meters. Groundwater faces are mapped to be correlated with the depth of the existing leaching zone. From the results of literature studies, there is a leaching zone in the area with a depth of about 30 meters. By knowing this leaching zone, we hope that there will be cooperation between government and society to avoidthe impacts of leaching zone on the water which they consumed. One way to know, is to drill deeper water level from the leach zone.
Rock Physics Modelling for Estimating the Quality of Reservoir Tight Sand in Bintuni Basin, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarsari Dona Sita , Winardhi S.
Published: October 2019

Permeability is a key to determine the quality of reservoir. Reservoir quality can be dened as the ratio between permeability and porosity of a rock. Besides, permeability is not in uenced by porosity solely, there are otherfactors which aect the value of the permeability of a rock. One of them is aected by the pore structure, which includes turtuosity, surface area, and grain size. To determine how much these factors aect the permeability of a rock, it takes an elastic parameters that can be an indicator of the quality reservoir e.g pore space stiness and critical porosity.Primary data such as petrophysics, XRD data, and permeability are used as input data to determine the quality of reservoir. By using Zimmerman's equation and Nur's model, we will get the value of pore space stiness and critical porosity at each point. The combination of rock quality equation derived from Kozeny Carman's with elastic parameters as indicators produces qualitative rock quality identification. Results of this study is able to show that the pore space stiffness and critical porosity can represent turtuosity, surface area, and grain size of a rock which lead to the determination of rock quality. The method proposed in the present study demonstrated an excellence reservoir quality prediction based on the relation between petrophysical parameters with elastic parameters.
Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Pada Tanaman Sayur Sawi Dengan Metode Bayes
Authors: Nainggolan Friska , Hutahaean Harvei Desman , Gea Asaziduhu
Published: October 2019

Abstrak

          Sayur sawi tergolong tanaman sayuran daun dari keluarga Crucifarea yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan sudah sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat.Sayur sawi sering di gunakan masyarakat sebagai bahan olahan dalam berbagai jenis masakan.Pada umumnya sayur sawi di tanam di daerah dataran rendah hingga dataran tinggi dan panen di lakukan pada umur 30 -60 hari setelah tanam tergantung varietasnya.Sistem pakar merupakan sistem yang  berusaha mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia ke komputer, agar komputer dapat menyelesaikan masalah seperti yang biasa dilakukan oleh para ahli . Metode bayes merupakan salah satu metode yang terdapat pada sistem pakar yang dapat menghitung  nilai-nilai probabilitas setiap gejala.Sistem pakar mendeteksi penyakit tanaman sayur sawi memilki 5 jenis penyakit yang terdapat pada tanaman sayur sawi yaitu Rebah semai,busuk daun, akar gada, bercak daun dan busuk alternaria.

 

          Kata kunci : Sistem Pakar, Metode Bayes.Sayur sawi.

 

Abstract

          Mustard vegetables are classified as leaf vegetables from the Cruciferaefamily which have high economic value and are very popular among the people. Mustard vegetables are often used by people as processed ingredients in various types of cuisine. In general, Vegetable Vegetables are planted in the lowlands to the highlands and harvest is done at the age of 30 - 60 days after planting, depending on the variety. Expert systems are systems that try to adopt human knowledge to computers, so that computers can solve problems as usual by experts. Bayes method is one of the methods found in expert systems that can calculate or process the probability values ​​of each symptom. The expert system detects mustard plant disease has 5 types of diseases found in mustard vegetable plants, namely seedlings, leaf rot, clubroot, leaf spot, alternaria rot.           Keywords: Expert System, Bayes Method, mustard greens.
Penggunaan Metode Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 (CRC32) Sebagai Pendeteksian Kerusakan File Dokumen
Authors: Alamsyah Reza , Lubis Mhd. Dicky Syahputra
Published: October 2019

Dokumen-dokumen digital dihasilkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi pengolah kata seperti Microsoft Word atau Notepad menjadi sebuah file dengan ekstensi yang berbeda sesuai dengan aplikasi pengolah kata yang digunakan. Seperti halnya dokumen yang bersifat manual, dokumen-dokumen digital ini tidak terlepas dari bahaya kerusakan. Salah satu kerusakan yang sering terjadi pada dokumen digital adalah perubahan yang terjadi didalam dokumen tersebut akibat dari serangan virus atau pemadaman komputer dengan paksa. CRC32 (Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 Bit) merupakan suatu metode yang menggunakan fungsi hash dalam membaca sebuah struktur dalam sebuah file dalam transmisi atau penyimpanan sebuah data. CRC32 dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi error (kerusakan) pada sebuah data yang mungkin terjadi pada saat transmisi data atau pengiriman data. Perangkat lunak yang dirancang mampu mendeteksi apakah suatu file mengalami perubahan atau kerusakan berdasarkan nilai checksum dan nilai CRC dari file tersebut. Perangkat lunak ini memiliki kelemahan dalam hal proses pendeteksian kerusakan file, dimana perangkat lunak tidak dapat mendeteksi lebih dari satu file sekaligus dalam satu proses pendeteksian.

Kata kunci: CRC32, File, Word
IMPLEMENTASI AR DENGAN METODE MARKER SEBAGAI KATALOG PADA TOKO MEBEL BERBASIS WEB-AR.pdf
Authors: Prihatini Aulia Sari , Masri Mahrizal , Siambaton Mhd. Zulfansyuri
Published: October 2019

Reality Increasing or often also called AR (Augmented Reality) in English, is a technology that can add two-dimensional or three-dimensional illusions of objects together into a 3D into the real world then project illusion objects into real time. Unlike the illusion of reality where in the real world is completely replaced, reality only adds to or completes reality. Augmented Reality unites real objects and illusions into real circles, works interactively in real time and found integration between objects in 3D and good integration requires effective investigation. Web AR provides Web-based access using Augmented Reality through a web browser using a combination of technologies including WebRTC, WebGL, WebVR, and Modern APLs sensors. Catalogs are publicity tools used by companies as a way to promote their products and services. Examples of companies that use catalogs are Furniture stores that promote products. Here it will be visualized into 3D until it looks more clear and attractive to consumers. So, based on the description above, the author takes the title "Implementation of Augmented Reality with Marker Method as Media Catalog in AR-Based Furniture Stores.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, WEB AR, catalog
Pengaruh Visual Merchandising Terhadap Impulse Buying
Authors: Arifah Fildzah Qisthina , Saputri Marheni Eka
Published: October 2019

Salah satu strategi visual Miniso adalah “ Golden Display ” yaitu tampilan pintu masuk  (tiga rak teratas Miniso). Selain memperhatikan tam pilan visual, Miniso juga berusaha  memahami perilaku konsumen dan salah satu perilaku  konsumen yang sering terjadi pada  gerai ritel adalah  impulse buying , dimana sebanyak 60% pelanggan Miniso Kota Bandung merupakan  impulse buyer . Maka dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh  visual  merchandising  terhadap  impulse buying  pada konsumen Miniso Kota Bandung. Tujuan  dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan men ganalisis  visual merchandising  di  Miniso Kota Bandung,  impulse buying  di Miniso Kota Bandung, pengaruh  visual  merchandising  terhadap  impulse buying  di Miniso Kota Bandung secara parsial, dan  pengaruh  visual merchandising  terhadap  impulse buying  di Miniso Kota Bandung secara  simultan .  Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif yang dilakuka n, diketahui  visual  merchandising  dan  impulse buying  toko Miniso Kota Bandung berada pada kategori baik .  Hasil penelitian parsial yang telah dilakukan, vari abel  visual merchandising  (window  display) memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap  impulse buying . Sedangkan variabel  visual merchandising  (in-store form, floor merchandising,  dan  promotional signage)  memiliki hubungan yang tidak signifikan terhadap  impulse buying . Variabel  visual  merchandising  (window display in-store form, floor merchandising,  dan  promotional  signage) secara simultan (bersama-sama) berpengaruh signif ikan terhadap  impulse  buying , dengan persentase pengaruh sebesar 19% sedangkan  sisanya 81% dipengaruhi  oleh variabel lain seperti pelayanan yang ramah, ka ryawan yang cepat tanggap, produk- produk yang kualitasnya dijamin baik dengan harga y ang terjangkau dan lain sebagainya.
Pengaruh Strategi Bisnis, Metoda Pengembangan Sistem (System Development Life Cycle), Terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi (Survei Pada Pt Len Industri Persero-Bumn Industri Strategis di Indonesia)
Authors: Maya Sari Nur Zeina
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh Strategi Bisnis, Metoda Pengembangan Sistem/System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi dan dampaknya terhadap Kualitas Informasi Akuntansi pada PT Len Industri Persero. Fungsi sistem informasi akuntansi adalah untuk menyediakan informasi penting untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian, mendukung pengambilan keputusan, dan mendorong suatu perencanaan lebih baik, penjadwalan, dan pengendalian aktivitas pekerjaan. Sehingga strategi bisnis adalah suatu faktor penting di dalam implementasi sistem informasi akuntansi yang efektif. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh strategi bisnis, metoda pengembangan sistem (SDLC) pada sukses tidaknya sistem informasi akuntansi dan dampaknya pada informasi akuntansi berkualitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda descriptive dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah verifikatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah primer menggunakan data primer menggunakan skala interval untuk pengukurannya. Uji validitas dan realibilitas dilakukan terhadap kuesioner yang telah terkumpul, selanjutnya data yang berskala ordinal dikonversi dalam skala interval kemudian menggunakan msi (measurement succsive interval). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Strategi Bisnis pada PT Len Industri persero cukup baik, dalam memproses informasi, menyimpan, dan menyampaikan informasi akuntansi. 2) Metode Pengembangan Sistem (System Development Life Cycle) pada PT Len Industri persero kurang baik, proses metode pengembangan sistem yang didesain untuk memberikan keyakinan yang memadai belum efektif dan belum efisien. 3) Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi pada PT Len Industri persero masih kurang baik, belum adanya informasi akuntansi yang cepat, efisen, serta membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan, perencanaan dan pengendalian perusahaan. 4) Strategi Bisnis berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi. Sistem Informasi akuntansi belum sepenuhnya berkualitas karena strategi diferensiasi dalam inovasi dalam operasi, motivasi kerja karyawan dan pengembangan karyawan belum berjalan secara sempurna. 5) Metoda Pengembangan Sistem/System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi. Sistem Informasi akuntansi belum sepenuhnya berkualitas karena perencanaan Implementasi dalam mengkomunikasikan implementasi Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi belum terjaga. 6) Strategi bisnis dan Metode Pengembangan Sistem (System Development Life Cycle) secara bersamaan berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Sistem Informasi Akuntansi.
O pensamento geopolítico tradicional chinês enraizado na Filosofia Tradicional Chinesa: origem, características e implicações
Authors: Dian Zhong
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio pretende apresentar alguns aspectos importantes do pensamento geopolítico tradicional chinês a partir de 500 a.C até o começo da China contemporânea (século XIX), trazendo na análise obras clássicas da Filosofia Tradicional Chinesa. Primeiro, faz-se uma conceituação da idéia-base do pensamento geopolítico tradicional chinês: o “sinocentrismo”, de forma a rastrear a origem ideológica presente nas políticas por meio das quais as dinastias chinesas vieram a se relacionar com outros Estados. Em seguida, conduz-se uma reflexão sobre a influência do “sinocentrismo” na trajetória da China Antiga, focalizando em particular a última dinastia (dinastia Qing), quando este pensamento atingiu seu apogeu na formação de uma visão fechada da China Imperial sobre o mundo. Por fim, realiza-se uma crítica sobre a correlação entre o “sinocentrismo” e a falta de uma projeção geopolítica global ativa da China contemporânea, bem como a sua contínua influência na formulação da Política Externa Chinesa atual.
صعوبات التعلم النمائية لأطفال الروضة من وجهة نظر معلميهم بمدينة مصراتة
Authors: الشوكي أحمد محمد , كريم ربيعة أحمد
Published: October 2019

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على صعوبات التعلم النمائية لأطفال الروضة من وجهة نظر معلميهم، وقد تحددت مشكلة البحث بالسؤال التالي :
- ما صعوبات التعلم النمائية لأطفال الروضة من وجهة نظر المعلمين بمدينة مصراتة.
ولتحقيق هدف البحث اتبع الباحثان المنهج الوصفي؛ نظرا لما يوفره هذا المنهج من إمكانية التوصل إلى الحقائق الدقيقة، والظروف القائمة المتعلقة بموضوع البحث، وقد تكون مجتمع البحث من جميع معلمات أطفال الروضة بمدينة مصراتة والبالغ عددهم (97) معلمة، حيث تكونت عينة البحث من ( 40) معلمة، وقد تم استخدام مقياس جاهز معد من قبل الباحث ( عادل عبد الله) للعام الجامعي (2006)، والمطبق على البيئة المصرية، وتم التأكد من صدق المقياس بعرضه على مجموعة من المحكمين، وتم التأكد من ثباته حيث بلغ معامل الثبات ( 0.72)، وللوصول إلى نتائج البحث استخدم الباحثان الوسائل الإحصائية: الوسط المرجح والوزن المئوي.
وقد توصل البحث إلى النتائج التالية:
من أجل التوصل إلى معرفة صعوبات التعلم النمائية الأكثر حدة، أو نسبة شيوعها، تم تفريغ كل استبانه من الاستبانات وفق بدائلها، وترتيبها حسب أوساطها المرجحة، وأوزانها المئوية، اتضح أن عدد الفقرات المتحققة (6) فقرات، أما عدد الفقرات غير المتحققة (42) فقرة، وبعد فحص محتوى العبارات الستة المتحققة يتضح (3) عبارات تنتمي لمجال صعوبات الانتباه, وعبارة واحدة تنتمي لمجال صعوبات الإدراك, كذلك عبارة واحدة تنتمي إلى مجال صعوبات التفكير, أيضاً عبارة واحدة تنتمي لمجال الصعوبات اللغوية، مما يعني أن صعوبات الانتباه كانت أوضح من بقية الصعوبات، كما تشير نتائج البحث إلى انخفاض انتشار صعوبات التعلم النمائية لأطفال الروضة في المجال الثالث الذي يختص بصعوبات الذاكرة، والمجال السادس الذي يختص بالصعوبات البصرية الحركية.
درجة رضا طلبة كلية الآداب جامعة مصراتة عن الإشراف الأكاديمي
Authors: التائب سليمة عمر
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقصي درجة رضا طلبة كلية الآداب جامعة مصراتة عن الإشراف الأكاديمي، ولتحقيق ذلك تم إعداد استبانة وزعت على عينة قوامها(73) طالباً وطالبة من مجتمع الدراسة البالغ (295) طالباً وطالبة ممن هم في مرحلة الفصول المتقدمة من الدراسة، أي ما يعادل نسبة (25%)، منهم (22) ذكراً و(51) أنثى في فصل الخريف 2016-2017. وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة تم استخدام اختبار (ت) لمتوسط مجموعة واحدة للتعرف على السمة المميزة لدرجة رضا طلبة كلية الآداب بجامعة مصراتة عن الإشراف الأكاديمي. واختبار (ت) للفرق بين متوسط مجموعتين مستقلتين لمعرفة دلالة الفروق في درجة الرضا عن الإشراف الأكاديمي لدى طلبة كلية الآداب بجامعة مصراتة تُعزى لمتغير الجنس. واستخدم معامل ارتباط الرتب لسبيرمان لمعرفة دلالة العلاقة الارتباطية بين درجة الرضا عن الإشراف الأكاديمي والمعدل التراكمي.
وأظهرت الدراسة درجة رضا مرتفعة لدى الطالبات ومتوسطة لدى الطلبة الذكور على أداة الدراسة وأبعادها، وكشفت النتائج عن فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة رضا الطلبة عن الإشراف الأكاديمي تعزى لمتغير الجنس ولصالح الإناث، كما كشفت عن وجود فروق دالة بين طلبة أقسام الكلية في درجة الرضا عن الإشراف الأكاديمي حيث جاءت لصالح طلبة قسم التربية.
معالم الاستقرار الأسري ومقوماته
Authors: بالحاج مفتاح على حسين
Published: October 2019

إن التغيرات التي حدثت في المجتمع الليبي، وشيوع وسيادة الضوابط الاجتماعية الرسمية، والشعور بالمسؤولية نحو تحقيق المستقبل العلمي والمهني لجميع أعضائه من الذكور والإناث، والرغبة في التغير وتحقيق سبل المشاركة. تطلب بالضرورة تغيرا في القيم والمعايير التقليدية. وبمواكبة تحول وانتقال المجتمع من الشكل التقليدي إلى المجتمع الأكثر تحضرا، بفعل مؤشرات التحديث كالتعليم واتساع المشاركة في العمل والتعرض لوسائل الاتصال ونمو الحضرية، حيث شهد النظام الاجتماعي للأسرة تحولا وتغيراً بنائياً ووظيفياً. لعل من أبرز معالمه الانتقال من نمط الأسرة الممتدة إلى نمط الأسرة النووية، وتعليم المرأة وخروجها للعمل، وتحولا في القيم والمعايير التي تشكل أساسات التفاعل الاجتماعي الأسري بين المكانات والأدوار المختلفة.
فالقيم في الحياة الأسرية التي تؤكد سلطة الزوج وسيطرة كبار السن، يعاد تشكلها حسب المكانات والأدوار والتغيرات التحديثية. فتعددت مصادر السلطة داخل الأسرة؛ بحيث وجد أفراد الأسرة طريقا في اتخاذ القرار،كذلك طبيعة المهام والأدوار والالتزامات القائمة على أساس تقسيم العمل هي الأخرى شهدت تحولا وتغيرا، وذلك بفعل التغير الذي أصاب أسسها في تقسيم العمل على الخصوصية القائمة على أساس النوع أو السن فتصبح قائمة على العوامل المكتسبة كالتعليم والتكوين والمساهمة في الدخل.
والمتأمل في واقع الأسرة، يلاحظ أحداثاً كبيرة أصبحت تواجه وتهدد أركانها، ولعل السبب يعود إلى التحولات الاجتماعية والفكرية والثقافية والنفسية التي تعرضت لها المجتمعات، والاحتكاك بالثقافة الأخرى، وأبعادها التي أنعكس بعضها سلبا على الحياة الأسرية.بالإضافة أن إلى هناك عوامل أخرى ساهمت في إحداث شرخ في العلاقات الأسرية مثل تدني مستوى الدخل وخروج المرأة للعمل وعدم الوفاء الأسرة بالتزاماتها، وعجز ضعف الأسرة عن القيام بواجباتها، وتلبية حاجات أفرادها، يؤدي حتماً إلى عدم الاستقرار و التفكك الأسري.
الصلة بين العقل والشرع في الفكر الإسلامي "الإمام الغزالي أُنموذجاً"
Authors: الزائدي آمنة عبدالسلام
Published: October 2019

إن الباحث في الفكر الإسلامي لابد وأن يقف على ما في الإسلام من تآخٍ بين العلم والدين، والنقل والعقل، والحكمة والشريعة، فالإسلام الذي كرم العلم والعلماء وأوصلهم إلى أن يشهدوا التوحيد مع الله ومع ملائكته، بريء تماماً من مسألة التعارض بين العقل والشرع، التي لا تعدوا في حقيقتها أن تكون مسألة وهمية.
فقد أمر الإسلام بفرضية العلم وجعله ضرورة واجبة على كل مسلم ومسلمة, وليس مجرد حق من حقوق الإنسان، وبهذا يختلف موقف الإسلام فقد قامت تعاليمه على أسس تدعو إلى تحرير العقول من الأوهام والخرافات.
إلا أنه ظهر في إطار هذه المسألة ثلاثة اتجاهات:
الاتجاه الأول: يقرر أصحابه إن العقل يتقدم على الشرع، وأن كل المعارف إنما تكون بالعقل.
الاتجاه الثاني: يرى أصحابه إن السلطة المطلقة تكون للشرع، وليس للعقل أي مدخل فيما جاء به الشرع.
الاتجاه الثالث: وهو اتجاه يتوسط الاتجاهين السابقين وحاول أصحابه فض التعارض الموهوم، فذهبوا إلى أنه لا يوجد تعارض بين العقل والشرع وهو مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة ومنهم الأشاعرة وعلى رأسهم الإمام الغزالي لأن كليهما في نظره نور من عند الله، فلا ينقض أحدهما الآخر.
ولهذا تتجلى أهمية اختيار هذا الموضوع في إبراز الدور الكبير الذي قام به حجة الإسلام الغزالي في فض هذا التعارض الموهوم بين العقل والنقل، وإلى أي حد كان بمقدوره كشف حاجة كل منهما للآخر، ومحاولته إقامة نوع من المواءمة بينهما.
فمنهج المعرفة السوي _ في نظر الغزالي _ ينحصر في الجمع بين نور الشرع ونور العقل وعدم الوقوف عند ظاهر العقل أو ظاهر الشرع أو فصل أحدهما عن الآخر أو تحويلهما إلى ضدين متعارضين إذ إنهما، في حقيقة الأمر، متآخيان يفتقر أحدهما إلى الآخر.
كما حاول الغزالي إثبات أنه لاغنى للعقل والشرع، بعضهما عن البعض، وأن كلاً منهما في حاجة إلى الآخر، وأن المزج بين العلوم العقلية والعلوم الدينية أمر لابد منه لمن أراد الوصول إلى الحقيقة.
أما المنهج المتبع في هذا البحث؛ فهو المنهج التحليلي، وذلك من خلال تحليل نصوص الغزالي المتعلقة بهذا المبحث ، وقد قسم هذا البحث بعد المقدمة إلى مبحثين، وخاتمة.
Sugar-derived oxazolone pseudotetrapeptide as γ-turn inducer and anion-selective transporter
Authors: Burade Sachin S , Pawar Sushil V , Saha Tanmoy , Kumbhar Navanath , Kotmale Amol S , Ahmad Manzoor , Talukdar Pinaki , Dhavale Dilip D
Published: October 2019

The intramolecular cyclization of a C-3-tetrasubstituted furanoid sugar amino acid-derived linear tetrapeptide afforded an oxazolone pseudo-peptide with the formation of an oxazole ring at the C-terminus. A conformational study of the oxazolone pseudo-peptide showed intramolecular C=O···HN(II) hydrogen bonding in a seven-membered ring leading to a γ-turn conformation. This fact was supported by a solution-state NMR and molecular modeling studies. The oxazolone pseudotetrapeptide was found to be a better Cl−-selective transporter for which an anion–anion antiport mechanism was established.
ON MORPHOLOGY OF BUILT-UP SPACE
Authors: Kapliński Oleg
Published: October 2019

"Book ‘On the spatial structure of architectonic objects’ review." Engineering Structures and Technologies, 11(2), pp. 74-77.
Spectroscopic Follow-up of Discoveries from the NEOWISE Proper Motion Survey
Authors: Greco Jennifer J. , Schneider Adam C. , Cushing Michael C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Burgasser Adam J.
Published: October 2019

We present low-resolution near-infrared spectra of discoveries from an all-sky proper motion search conducted using multi-epoch data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Using the data from NEOWISE, along with the AllWISE catalog, Schneider et al. conducted an all-sky proper motion survey to search for nearby objects with high proper motions. Here, we present a follow-up spectroscopic survey of 65 of their discoveries, which focused primarily on potentially nearby objects (d < 25 pc), candidate late-type brown dwarfs (≥L7), and subdwarf candidates. We found 31 new M dwarfs, 18 new L dwarfs, and 11 new T dwarfs. Of these, 13 are subdwarfs, including one new sdL1 and two new sdL7s. Eleven of these discoveries, with spectral types ranging from M7 to T7 (including one subdwarf) are predicted to be within 25 pc, adding to the number of known objects in the solar neighborhood. We also discovered three new early-type T subdwarf candidates, one sdT1, one sdT2, and one sdT3, which would increase the number of known early-type T subdwarfs from two to five.
A Markov Model for Non-lognormal Density Distributions in Compressive Isothermal Turbulence
Authors: Mocz Philip , Burkhart Blakesley
Published: October 2019

Compressive isothermal turbulence is known to have a near lognormal density probability distribution function (PDF) with a width that scales with the sonic Mach number and nature of the turbulent driving (solenoidal versus compressive). However, the physical processes that mold the extreme high and low density structures in a turbulent medium can be different, with the densest structures being composed of strong shocks that evolve on shorter timescales than the low density fluid. The density PDF in a turbulent medium exhibits deviations from lognormal due to shocks, that increases with the sonic Mach number, which is often ignored in analytic models for turbulence and star formation. We develop a simple model for turbulence by treating it as a continuous Markov process, which explains both the density PDF and the transient timescales of structures as a function of density, using a framework developed in Scannapieco & Safarzadeh (2018). Our analytic model depends on only a single parameter, the effective compressive sonic Mach number, and successfully describes the non-lognormal behavior seen in both 1D and 3D simulations of supersonic and subsonic compressive isothermal turbulence. The model quantifies the non-lognormal distribution of density structures in turbulent environments, and has application to star-forming molecular clouds and star formation efficiencies.
Vascular plants dataset of the herbarium (COFC) of the University of Cordoba, Spain
Authors: Martínez-Sagarra Gloria , Devesa Juan Antonio
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the herbarium (COFC) dataset of vascular plants of the University of Cordoba (SW Spain). This dataset is made up of two collections, the General collection (61,377 specimens) and the Historical collection (1,614 specimens). This study has focused mainly on the General collection, which contains the largest number of vascular plant specimens, predominantly angiosperms, mainly provincial and regional (Andalusia, Spain), but also with a good representation of other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and neighboring countries. The place of collection is specified in 99.7% of the labels, about 35% being georeferenced, and it is estimated that, currently, about 86% of the material housed in the herbarium has been databased using Elysia v1.0. software. With more than 178 families, 1,178 genera, and 3,750 species, this collection not only has educational importance, but is a valuable research tool that has been useful for the development of important works such as "Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental" and the "Flora iberica". The dataset described in this paper is registered with GBIF (accessible at https://doi.org/10.15468/fdzzal).
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Small Incision Sutureless Intrastromal Lamellar Keratoplasty (SILK) for Corneal Transplantation in Keratoconus
Authors: Pradhan Kishore R. , Reinstein Dan Z. , Vida Ryan S. , Archer Timothy J. , Dhungel Shashwat , Dhungana Purushottam , Carp Glenn I.
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE:

To describe a femtosecond laser–assisted small incision sutureless intrastromal lamellar keratoplasty in an eye with severe keratoconus and report on the outcome with a 1-year follow-up.

METHODS:

A 20-year-old man with a history of keratoconus presented for evaluation at the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal. The patient had previously undergone a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in the left eye. Examination of the right eye revealed an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of counting fingers with a manifest refraction of −5.00 −3.50 × 170, giving a corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/80. Thinnest pachymetry was 425 µm and progression of both anterior and posterior corneal elevation tomography and maximum keratometry was noted compared to examination 2 years prior. The VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) was used to prepare the donor and recipient cornea. The donor graft was inserted into the recipient through the 3-mm small incision. No sutures were applied.

RESULTS:

At 2 weeks postoperatively, UDVA was 20/50 with a manifest refraction of −1.00 −5.00 × 145 (20/32). One year postoperatively, UDVA was 20/80 with a manifest refraction of −2.50 −3.50 × 125 (20/40
−2
), with the maximum keratometry decreasing from 64.08 to 56.74 diopters.

CONCLUSIONS:

This femtosecond laser–assisted sutureless intrastromal corneal transplantation technique may provide an option to improve the quality of vision for some patients with keratoconus, affording a simpler postoperative follow-up course compared to traditional anterior lamellar or full-thickness corneal transplantation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(10):663–671.]
An Overview of the Role of Plant Functional Traits in Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Yadav Abhinav , Verma Pramit , Raghubanshi Akhilesh Singh
Published: October 2019

Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are characterized by pronounced seasonality in precipitation, with several months of prolonged drought, 80% of annual precipitation occurring during a four- to six-month rainy season, and high interannual rainfall variability. Surprisingly, there are relatively few studies addressing patterns of functional trait in tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystems. Functional trait analysis across plant species and the environment is a rapidly developing research field with many possible applications for forest restoration practice. Trait-based ecological research within TDFs will advance our understanding of how these ecosystems interact with and differ from other tropical ecosystems.
Floristic Diversity and Carbon Stock in the Dry Forests of Chad
Authors: Caleb Ngaba Waye Taroum , Ngarmari Djekota Christophe , Roger Kabelong Banoho Louis-Paul , Louis Zapfack , Elisée Mbayngone
Published: October 2019

The woody flora of the National Park of Manda in the Sudanian area of Chad has been characterized between October and December 2016 to know its floristic diversity, and to quantify its aerial woody biomass. The transect and quadra method (1m x 1m) were simultaneously adopted for this study. The pan-tropical equation of Chave et al. made it possible to evaluate the carbon stocks in different sites. The study of the flora species identified 45 species divided into 37 genus and 21 families for an average population density of 355 individuals/ha. Three classes of the diameter dominate the settlement: class ≤ 10 cm; class of 10-20 cm and class of 20-30 cm. The height classes belong to the class of plants ≤ 4 m; and at last having a height ≤ 7 m. The basal area was 5.86 m2 / ha. It appears that the woody components store 23.82 ± 0.01 tC / ha, the undergrowth 0.14 ± 0.01 tC / ha and the litter 0.56 ± 0.01 tC / ha. This research is a contribution to the REDD+ process (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation).
Symptoms, side-effects and senility (or, the health professional as a cause of dependency in old age)
Authors: Watermeyer G. S.
Published: October 2019

Many elderly people develop a multiplicity of physical and psychological problems in association with advancing age. It has become possible for the health professions to do a great deal to limit the extent of disability and improve the symptomatology, thus improving quality of life. Massive advances have taken place in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics. Many of the medicines utilised have untoward side-effects in the elderly; side-effects which are frequently not recognised timeously. A few of the side-effects are discussed in some detail and pleas are made for the judicious application of therapeutic schedules to problems in the elderly, recognising the dangers inherent in multiple prescribing.
Physiotherapy in homes for the elderly
Authors: Meerburg J. , Van der Rots M.
Published: October 2019

No abstract available
Periodic expansiveness of smooth surface diffeomorphisms and applications
Authors: Burguet David
Published: October 2019

We prove that periodic asymptotic expansiveness introduced in [13] implies the equidistribution of periodic points along measures of maximal entropy. Then following Yomdin's approach [50] we show by using semi-algebraic tools that

C^\infty

interval maps and

C^\infty

surface diffeomorphisms satisfy this expansiveness property respectively for repelling and saddle hyperbolic points with Lyapunov exponents uniformly away from zero.
OPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED DELIGNIFICATION OF WOOD RESIDUES BY SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Trifan Adrian , Calinescu Ioan , Vinatoru Mircea , Gavrila Adina Ionuta
Published: October 2019

Efficient processing of vegetal biomass is a great challenge to current research studies. This work is focused on improving the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis of wood residues by removal of lignin using a alkaline wash assisted by microwave heating. The treatments were carried out for one hour in a pressurized microwave reactor (Synthwave-Milestone). The performance of the treatments was assessed by monitoring the concentration of lignin (determined by UV absorbance at 320 nm against a calibration curve). Each experiment was carried out in duplicate. The treatment conditions were established according to an experimental matrix constructed (in Design Expert 11) after the careful selection of the most important factors that affect the lignin removal from wood residue: concentration of NaOH solution, liquid to solid ratio and temperature. A central composite design was constructed with the independent factors mentioned above. ANOVA indicated adequate fitting of the model (correlation coefficient R2=0.95). The exploration of the experimental space (figure 1) with the fitted model indicates the dominant effect of temperature as independent factor. Optimization of experimental conditions within the experimental space was carried according to the following criteria: minimization of temperature, liquid to solid ratio and NaOH concentration and maximization of the response variable, the lignin concentration. The optimal solution (141 mg lignin / g dry wood residue) proposed by the model for these optimization criteria indicates a point in the region determined by the following coordinates: 0.4M NaOH, 1070C and a ratio of liquid to solid equal to 50. Fig. 1. 3D plot of lignin responses surfaces function of the independent factors with significant effectsAcknowledgment The authors acknowledge the financial support received from Competitiveness Operational Program 2014-2020, Priority axis 1, Project No. P_36_611, MySMIS code 107066, Innovative Technologies for Materials Quality Assurance in Health, Energy and Environmental - Center for Innovative Manufacturing Solutions of Smart Biomaterials and Biomedical Surfaces – INOVABIOMED.
Laboratorio de Interferencias Artísticas y Mediales. Procesos de investigación artística sobre visualidades experimentales.
Authors: Marín García Teresa , Lozano Chiarlones Elisa , Marín Sánchez Eduardo , Esacario Jover Patricia , Maldonado Gómez José , Villalonga Campos Rocío , Gómez Moreno Bernabé
Published: October 2019

El Laboratorio de Interferencias Artísticas y Mediales (IAM-lab) es un grupo de investigación interdisciplinar inscrito en el Departamento de Arte de la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, y cuyos miembros imparten docencia en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de Altea. Nuestras líneas de investigación se centran en el desarrollo de proyectos en el ámbito de las prácticas artísticas audiovisuales, intermedia y transmedia, dedicando una especial atención a los diálogos entre medios, cuestiones tecnológicas, aspectos contextuales y procesuales. Entendemos la práctica artística como un laboratorio de posibilidades, que vinculamos a nuestro interés por el arte y la cultura contemporánea, los estudios visuales, el arte público, las prácticas colaborativas y los procesos pedagógicos y de mediación. Nuestra investigación apuesta por una práctica reflexiva que indaga formas de producción de sentido, y se interroga y experimenta sobre la imagen y las metodologías de investigación en las artes. En esta comunicación se muestran algunos aspectos metodológicos que consideramos clave en nuestro proceso de investigación, como son: la aplicación creativa del concepto de interferencia como acción disruptiva que cuestiona inercias asumidas, el viaje como marco activador y articulador de procesos, la experimentación lúdica y los procesos colaborativos, así como la exploración de diversos formatos de ensayo visual para vehicular los resultados de las investigaciones.
A Qualitative Study of the Interaction between Human Rights Defenders and Society in Russia: Assessing the Impact of the 'Foreign Agents' Law
Authors: Malkova Polina
Published: October 2019

In various world regions, human rights defenders (HRDs) often become targets for smear campaigns that seek to discredit and marginalise them. Russia’s “foreign agents” law which brands NGOs as “foreign agents” – a phrase that carries Soviet-era connotations of a spy or traitor – is just one example of states’ attempts to cultivate an unfavorable image of rights defenders in society. Yet, despite the global context of such stigmatising campaigns and their potential to put defenders at further risk, there is very little systematic knowledge about the way citizens react to such rhetoric and whether they express more hostility towards HRDs. This paper seeks to address this gap and explores the interaction of rights defenders with the domestic society in Russia. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with representatives of the domestic human rights community, it demonstrates that while the wider public lacks familiarity with actors in the human rights field, certain social segments do interact with them, both in antagonistic and supportive ways. The paper argues that in the adverse conditions created by the “foreign agents” law, there is a need for rights groups to expand and strengthen the links with their constituencies.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from the laboratory oxidation of biomass burning emissions
Authors: Lim Christopher Y. , Hagan David H. , Coggon Matthew M. , Koss Abigail R. , Sekimoto Kanako , de Gouw Joost , Warneke Carsten , Cappa Christopher D. , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning is an important source of aerosol and
trace gases to the atmosphere, but how these emissions change chemically
during their lifetimes is not fully understood. As part of the Fire
Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment (FIREX 2016), we
investigated the effect of photochemical aging on biomass burning organic
aerosol (BBOA) with a focus on fuels from the western United States.
Emissions were sampled into a small (150 L) environmental chamber and
photochemically aged via the addition of ozone and irradiation by 254 nm
light. While some fraction of species undergoes photolysis, the vast
majority of aging occurs via reaction with OH radicals, with total OH
exposures corresponding to the equivalent of up to 10 d of atmospheric
oxidation. For all fuels burned, large and rapid changes are seen in the
ensemble chemical composition of BBOA, as measured by an aerosol mass
spectrometer (AMS). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is seen for
all aging experiments and continues to grow with increasing OH exposure, but
the magnitude of the SOA formation is highly variable between experiments.
This variability can be explained well by a combination of differences in OH
exposure and the total concentration of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) in
the chamber before oxidation, as measured by PTR-ToF-MS (r2 values from
0.64 to 0.83). From this relationship, we calculate the fraction of carbon
from biomass burning NMOGs that is converted to SOA as a function of
equivalent atmospheric aging time, with carbon yields ranging from 24±4 % after 6 h to 56±9 % after 4 d.
Impact of synthetic space-borne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO2 analyses
Authors: Timmermans Renske , Segers Arjo , Curier Lyana , Abida Rachid , Attié Jean-Luc , El Amraoui Laaziz , Eskes Henk , de Haan Johan , Kujanpää Jukka , Lahoz William , Oude Nijhuis Albert , Quesada-Ruiz Samuel , Ricaud Philippe , Veefkind Pepijn , Schaap Martijn
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment
(OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel-4 and
Sentinel-5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel-4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent,
providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel-5P
is a low Earth orbit (LEO) mission providing daily observations with
a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with
separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation
experiments and with conservative estimates of the total observation
uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P
tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km
resolution over Europe for two 3-month summer and winter periods. The
synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry
transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument
characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry
transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent of the NR to evaluate their
impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations.
The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based
ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value to
analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases
and improved correlations. The Sentinel-4 NO2 observations with hourly
temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire
day where the daily Sentinel-5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower
impact that lasts up to 3–6 h after overpass. The evaluated benefits may
be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be
higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel-5P NO2
products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is
crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The
results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions
for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly
temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel-4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel-5P).
Impact of topography on black carbon transport to the southern Tibetan Plateau during pre-monsoon season and its climatic implication
Authors: Zhang Meixin , Zhao Chun , Cong Zhiyuan , Du Qiuyan , Xu Mingyue , Chen Yu , Chen Ming , Li Rui , Fu Yunfei , Zhong Lei , Kang Shichang , Zhao Delong , Yang Yan
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Most of previous modeling studies about black carbon (BC) transport and impact over the Tibetan Plateau conducted simulations with horizontal resolutions coarser than 10 km that may not be able to resolve well the complex topography of the Himalayas. In this study, the experiments with WRF-Chem at two horizontal resolutions (20 km and 4 km) are conducted for pre-monsoon season (April, 2016) to investigate the impacts of topography on modeling the transport and distribution of BC over the TP. The simulations at both resolutions show evident accumulation of aerosols near the southern Himalayas during the pre-monsoon season, consistent with the satellite retrievals. The observed episode of high surface BC concentrations at the station near the Mt. Everest due to heavy biomass burning near the TP is well captured by the simulations. The simulations at both resolutions indicate that the prevailing up-flow across the Himalayas driven by the large-scale circulation during the daytime is the dominant transport mechanism of South Asian BC into the TP, and is much stronger than that during the nighttime. The valley wind can strengthen the prevailing up-flow transport. The simulations at coarse resolution (20 km) and fine resolution (4 km) show large differences in representing the distributions of topography of the Himalayas. The simulation at 4 km resolution resolves more valleys and thus produces much stronger transport fluxes, which indicates that although the transport of South Asian BC across the Himalayas can overcome the mountain ridges, the valley transport is more efficient and cannot be ignored. This results in 50 % higher transport flux of BC across the Himalayas and 30–40 % stronger BC radiative heating in the atmosphere over the TP from the simulation at 4 km than that at 20 km resolution. The different topography also leads to different distributions of snow cover and BC forcing in snow. This study implies that global climate models generally with even coarser resolutions than 20 km may introduce significant negative biases in estimating light absorbing aerosol radiative forcing over the TP.