bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chaotic Resonance in Coupled Inferior Olive Neurons with the Llinás Approach Neuron Model
Authors: Nobukawa Sou , Nishimura Haruhiko
Published: September 2016

It is well known that cerebellar motor control is fine-tuned by the learning process adjusted according to rich error signals from inferior olive (IO) neurons. Schweighofer and colleagues proposed that these signals can be produced by chaotic irregular firing in the IO neuron assembly; such chaotic resonance (CR) was replicated in their computer demonstration of a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH)-type compartment model. In this study, we examined the response of CR to a periodic signal in the IO neuron assembly comprising the Llinás approach IO neuron model. This system involves empirically observed dynamics of the IO membrane potential and is simpler than the HH-type compartment model. We then clarified its dependence on electrical coupling strength, input signal strength, and frequency. Furthermore, we compared the physiological validity for IO neurons such as low firing rate and sustaining subthreshold oscillation between CR and conventional stochastic resonance (SR) and examined the consistency with asynchronous firings indicated by the previous model-based studies in the cerebellar learning process. In addition, the signal response of CR and SR was investigated in a large neuron assembly. As the result, we confirmed that CR was consistent with the above IO neuron’s characteristics, but it was not as easy for SR.
Exponential Stability of Almost Periodic Solutions for Memristor-Based Neural Networks with Distributed Leakage Delays
Authors: Xu Changjin , Li Peiluan , Pang Yicheng
Published: September 2016

In this letter, we deal with a class of memristor-based neural networks with distributed leakage delays. By applying a new Lyapunov function method, we obtain some sufficient conditions that ensure the existence, uniqueness, and global exponential stability of almost periodic solutions of neural networks. We apply the results of this solution to prove the existence and stability of periodic solutions for this delayed neural network with periodic coefficients. We then provide an example to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Our results are completely new and complement the previous studies Chen, Zeng, and Jiang ( 2014 ) and Jiang, Zeng, and Chen ( 2015 ).
Shelter preference in the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish)
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Nagayama Toshiki
Published: September 2016

For many animals, shelters are valuable source to hide from predators. To know acquisition of adequate shelter is important to understand social interactions of animals. Preferences for types of shelter used by the Marmorkrebs (marbled crayfish) were analysed behaviourally. Individual crayfish were presented with a choice between two PVC pipes with four different internal diameters (XL, L, M and S). The time spent in each shelter and the number of times crayfish entered each shelter were measured. Preference ranks of crayfish were XL = L = or > M > S. Our experiments strongly suggested that crayfish chose shelters based first on the diameter of the entrance, and then based on the length of the shelter. Crayfish recognised adequate shelters by visual cues under light conditions and utilised tactile cues from their antennae under dark conditions.
Molecular and morphological characterisation of Xiphinema americanum-group species (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from California, USA, and other regions, and co-evolution of bacteria from the genus Candidatus Xiphinematobacter with nematodes
Authors: Orlando Valeria , Chitambar John J. , Dong Ke , Chizhov Vladimir N. , Mollov Dimitre , Bert Wim , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: September 2016

The Xiphinema americanum-group is a large species complex containing more than 50 nematode species. They are economically important because they are vectors of nepoviruses. The species differentiation of X. americanum-group is problematic because the species share similar morphological characters. In the present study we collected nematode samples from different locations in the USA, Italy and Russia. Six valid species, X. americanum s. str., X. brevicolle, X. californicum, X. pachtaicum, X. rivesi and X. simile, and four unidentified putative Xiphinema species were characterised by morphology and sequencing of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS1 rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes. New nematode sequences generated totalled 147. Phylogenetic relationships of the X. americanum-group species reconstructed by Bayesian inference for D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences did not provide clear species delimitation of the samples studied, although the mtDNA presented interspecific variations useful for demarcation among species. Xiphinema americanum s. str., X. californicum, X. pachtaicum, X. rivesi, and two unidentified Xiphinema species were found in 72 soil samples from California. We also reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships using partial 16S rRNA gene sequences within endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus Candidatus Xiphinematobacter and provided solid evidence for distinguishing 17 species of this genus based on the analysis of new and previously published sequences. Fifty-five new bacterial sequences were obtained in the present study and comparison of the bacterial 16S rRNA and nematode COI phylogenies revealed a high level of co-speciation events between host and symbiont.
Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the New Testament
Authors: Bloemendal Jan
Published: September 2016

In 1516 Erasmus published his new Latin translation of the New Testament. After that he started to write his paraphrases of all books, except Apocalypse. This introduction gives a state of the art. It will be first discussed when and where Erasmus wrote his paraphrases, which were composed between May 1517 and January 1524 when he was also reworking his Novum Instrumentum/ Novum Testamentum. The next issue treated is what kind of work they are, being a kind of commentary, but also an aid for preachers to bring the New Testament to their audience. This is related to the aim Erasmus had with his ‘New Testament project’: to advance the philosophia Christi and Christian piety, and his intended or implied readership, theologians. He used several sources to bring his interpretations of the biblical stories in line with the exegetical tradition.
Erasmus’ Paraphrasis on the Pauline Epistles
Authors: van Poll-van de Lisdonk Miekske L.
Published: September 2016

This article discusses a commentator’s choices in annotating Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the Pauline epistles for the ASD series. These choices also reveal the character of the paraphrases. The sources will be treated—as a reference for the biblical text Erasmus used both the Vulgate and his own Novum Testamentum and the patristic texts he mentions in his Annotationes turn out to play a role in his interpretations in the paraphrases, too—as well as the theological-philosophical choices Erasmus made and rules of rhetoric he employed. These elements are meant to help the reader to understand and evaluate the paraphrases on the Pauline epistles.
Vom unvergleichlichen Wert einer Grimmelshausen-Bibliographie
Authors: Martino Alberto
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the Grimmelshausen bibliography of Italo Michele Battafarano and Hildegard Eilert (2012), which represents the culmination of almost fourty years of work on Grimmelshausen and the editions of his works. Starting from information given there about the owners of editions of Simplicissimus and related works, the author then draws on additional sources to arrive at a deeper understanding of Grimmelshausen’s historical readership.
A new species of Theloderma (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , PHAM CUONG THE , NGUYEN TAO THIEN , NGO HAI NGOC , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: September 2016

We describe a new species of Theloderma from northwestern Vietnam based on morphological differences and molecular divergence. Theloderma annae sp. nov. is distinguishable from its congeners on the basis of a combination of the following characters:  Size small, SVL 27.1–28.5 mm in males, 30.3–32.6 mm in females; head longer than wide;  vomerine teeth absent; snout long (SL/SVL 0.16–0.19); spines on upper eyelid absent;  tibiotarsal projection absent; dorsal skin smooth; dermal fringes on forearm and tarsus absent; dorsal surface grayish green; and throat and ventral surface of arms and thighs brown with white spots.
A taxonomic monograph of the leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Plumolepilius new genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Conotrachelini) from Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador
Authors: BARRIOS-IZÁS MANUEL A. , ANDERSON ROBERT S. , MORRONE JUAN J.
Published: September 2016

We describe the Mesoamerican leaf litter weevil genus Plumolepilius Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Conotrachelini) (type species P. trifiniensis Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species), species of which inhabit mountain ecosystems from the state of Chiapas in southeastern Mexico to northern Panama. In this paper we describe nine new species from Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador: P. trifiniensis Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (El Salvador and Guatemala); P. branstetteri Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala and Mexico); P. longinoi Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala and Mexico); P. cortezi Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala and Mexico); P. canoi Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala); P. schusteri Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala and Mexico); P. daryi Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala); P. yolnabajensis Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala); and P. macalajauensis Barrios-Izás & Anderson, new species (Guatemala).        The genus and the species are named and described, information on their geographical distributions is given and images of the habitus of both sexes and the aedeagus are presented. A key to the species of Plumolepilius based on males is included.        The monophyly of Plumolepilius was confirmed by a parsimony analysis of external and male aedeagus morphology and the genus is best characterized by the presence of plumose scales lining the prosternal channel. Phylogenetic analysis supports that Lepilius Champion 1905 is the sister genus of Plumolepilius.
Cnemaspis rajakarunai sp. nov., a rock dwelling day-gecko (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from Salgala, an unprotected lowland rainforest in Sri Lanka
Authors: WICKRAMASINGHE L. J. MENDIS , VIDANAPATHIRANA DULAN RANGA , RATHNAYAKE R. M. GAYAN PRIYANKARA
Published: September 2016

A new species of Cnemaspis, Cnemaspis rajakarunai sp. nov. is described and is the fourth rock dwelling species belonging to the genus known from Sri Lanka. The new species is readily distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: adult snout–vent length 36–40 mm; precloacal pores absent, large femoero-precloacal scales 22; femoral pores 7–8, enlarged femoral scales 6; ventral scales 146–186; supralabials (to midorbital position) 7; supralabials (to angle of jaws) 9; total lamellae on finger IV 19–22, shape of the basal lamellae on toe IV elliptical; and its unique colour pattern. The new species is recorded from Salgala Forest an unprotected lowland rain forest.
Interhemispheric SST Gradient Trends in the Indian Ocean prior to and during the Recent Global Warming Hiatusa
Authors: Dong Lu , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: September 2016

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have been rising for decades in the Indian Ocean in response to greenhouse gas forcing. However, this study shows that during the recent hiatus in global warming, a striking interhemispheric gradient in Indian Ocean SST trends developed around 2000, with relatively weak or little warming to the north of 10°S and accelerated warming to the south of 10°S. Evidence is presented from a wide variety of data sources showing that this interhemispheric gradient in SST trends is forced primarily by an increase of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean induced by stronger Pacific trade winds. This increased transport led to a depression of the thermocline that facilitated SST warming, presumably through a reduction in the vertical turbulent transport of heat in the southern Indian Ocean. Surface wind changes in the Indian Ocean linked to the enhanced Walker circulation also may have contributed to thermocline depth variations and associated SST changes, with downwelling-favorable wind stress curls between 10° and 20°S and upwelling-favorable wind stress curls between the equator and 10°S. In addition, the anomalous southwesterly wind stresses off the coast of Somalia favored intensified coastal upwelling and offshore advection of upwelled water, which would have led to reduced warming of the northern Indian Ocean. Although highly uncertain, lateral heat advection associated with the ITF and surface heat fluxes may also have played a role in forming the interhemispheric SST gradient change.
Evaluation of GLDAS-1 and GLDAS-2 Forcing Data and Noah Model Simulations over China at the Monthly Scale
Authors: Wang Wen , Cui Wei , Wang Xiaoju , Chen Xi
Published: September 2016

The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) is an important data source for global water cycle research. Using ground-based measurements over continental China, the monthly scale forcing data (precipitation and air temperature) during 1979–2010 and model outputs (runoff, water storage, and evapotranspiration) during 2002–10 of GLDAS models [focusing on GLDAS, version 1 (GLDAS-1)/Noah and GLDAS, version 2 (GLDAS-2)/Noah] are evaluated. Results show that GLDAS-1 has serious discontinuity issues in its forcing data, with large precipitation errors in 1996 and large temperature errors during 2000–05. While the bias correction of the GLDAS-2 precipitation data greatly improves temporal continuity and reduces the biases, it makes GLDAS-2 precipitation less correlated with observed precipitation and makes it have larger mean absolute errors than GLDAS-1 precipitation for most months over the year. GLDAS-2 temperature data are superior to GLDAS-1 temperature data temporally and spatially. The results also show that the change rates of terrestrial water storage (TWS) data by GLDAS and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) do not match well in most areas of China, and both GLDAS-1 and GLDAS-2 are not very capable of capturing the seasonal variation in monthly TWS change observed by GRACE. Runoff is underestimated in the exorheic basins over China, and runoff simulations of GLDAS-2 are much more accurate than those of GLDAS-1 for two of the three major river basins of China investigated in this study. Evapotranspiration is overestimated in the exorheic basins in China by both GLDAS-1 and GLDAS-2, whereas the overestimation of evapotranspiration by GLDAS-2 is less than that by GLDAS-1.
Assuring the Probability of Failure on Demand of a Safety Instrumented System without Full Proof Testing
Authors: Rielly John
Published: September 2016

The Sellafield site, formerly known as Windscale and Calder Works, is a large nuclear plant sited in West Cumbria, in the North West of England. The Sellafield site is probably the most complex nuclear facility in the world, with safety systems to match. Many of the safety systems have been ‘back-fitted’ onto decades-old plant as safety cases have been modernised; however, due to the original design, many of these systems cannot be fully end-to-end proof tested. It is for this reason, Sellafield Ltd has developed their own risk-based process of how to assure the probability of failure on demand of a safety system when one or more of the components of the system cannot (throughout this paper where it is stated that the proof test ‘cannot be carried out’ it means it is undesirable for safety, practicality or business reasons) be fully or actively tested. Sellafield Ltd are leading the way in the proof testing of legacy plant throughout the nuclear and chemical industries in the United Kingdom; these arrangements, as described below, are considered (by Sellafield Ltd) as best practices for assuring the probability of failure on demand of Safety Instrumented System in legacy plants.
Thermal and oxidation resistant barrier on carbon fiber with Si and Si–Ti based pre-ceramic coatings for high temperature application
Authors: Shayed Mohammad Abu , Hund Heike , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri
Published: September 2016

Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application because of its low thermo-oxidative stability above 450℃ in air. CF is now increasingly being used as a reinforcing material in the construction industry. A thermal and oxidation resistant coating is necessary for CF-reinforced concrete (CFRC) composites in order to satisfy a high level of safety standard in the case of fire. New types of pre-ceramic coatings, such as Tyranno® polymer (Si–Ti based pre-ceramic) and SiO2 sol–gel, have been deposited on CF filament yarn by means of a wet chemical continuous dip coating method. The results of surface analyses, e.g. scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, showed the changes in topographical properties of CF caused by the coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis proved that the high temperature (up to 800℃) oxidation stability of CF was considerably improved due to the coatings. Tensile test results indicated that the strength of CF yarn at 20℃ was increased by up to 80% with the coatings. Thermo-mechanical properties were also enhanced up to 600℃. CF yarn retains its original strength and elasticity modulus, i.e. the stiffness at 700℃, with a Tyranno® polymer coating.
Demographic, Seasonal, and Geographic Differences in Emergency Department Visits for Epistaxis
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Zhang Dong , Resto Vicente , Goodwin James S.
Published: September 2016

Objective

To determine the demographics and seasonal and geographic variation of epistaxis in the United States.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort analysis based on data from Medicare claims.

Setting

Emergency department visits.

Subjects and Methods

We used a 5% sample of Medicare data from January 2012 to December 2012. Our cohort included patients with an incident diagnosis of epistaxis during a visit to the emergency department, excluding those with a diagnosis in the prior 12 months. Demographics included age, sex, race, and ethnicity. We compared the rate of emergency department visits for epistaxis by geographic division and individual states.

Results

In the 5% sample of Medicare data, 4120 emergency department visits for incident epistaxis were identified in 2012. Our results showed an increase in the emergency department visits for epistaxis with age. Compared with patients <65 years old, patients who were 66 to 76, 76 to 85, and >85 years old were 1.36 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.23‐1.50), 2.37 (95% CI, 2.14‐2.62), and 3.24 (95% CI, 2.91‐3.62) more likely to present with epistaxis, respectively. Men were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.17‐1.32) times more likely to present with epistaxis than women. Blacks were 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10‐1.36) times more likely to present with epistaxis when compared with non‐Hispanic whites. Epistaxis emergency department visits were 40% lower in the summer months versus winter. The seasonal variation was more pronounced in the northern versus southern United States.

Conclusion

Emergency department visits for epistaxis increase with age and appear to be seasonal, with a more pronounced variation in the northern versus southern United States.
Legalities in the Book of Ruth: A Renewed Look
Authors: Embry Brad
Published: September 2016

This article contends that commentaries on the book of Ruth have overlooked an important legality—that of the daughters of Zelophehad—that may aid in understanding some of the legal and literary oddities in the story of Ruth. Especially, the regulation of Zelophehad's daughters clarifies several of the curiosities in the marriage scene in Ruth 4, such as why Ruth is required in marriage in order for the kinsman-redeemer to act or why Naomi is the beneficiary of the marriage between Boaz and Ruth. Furthermore, the regulation of Zelophehad's daughters helps explain the unique combination of levirate marriage and the actions of the kinsman-redeemer found in Ruth 4.
Numerical modeling of fabric vertical flame testing: Textile samples
Authors: Kim Esther , Dembsey Nicholas , Godfrey Thomas , Roylance Margaret
Published: September 2016

The advantage of utilizing modeling to study fire performance of textiles is the ability to conduct detailed studies of the effect of fabric characteristics on flame spread. First, two textile materials are chosen for modeling that exhibit two limit cases: complete flame spread (nylon 6,6/cotton fiber fabric) and self-extinguish (flame retardant rayon/nylon 6,6/para-aramid fiber fabric) in the standard vertical flame test (ASTM D6413). Parameter estimation for unknown model parameters is performed for these samples followed by a sensitivity analysis. Then a new sample is modeled—flame retardant cotton fiber fabric, flame retardant cotton. This modeling exercise shows that computational fluid dynamics modeling is capable of capturing the fire characteristics of different fabric samples in the vertical flame test only when the parameters are carefully estimated considering the modeling assumptions and approaches. Additionally, several areas for further investigation are proposed to improve simulation capability when conducting vertical flame test modeling with textile samples.
Direct calculation of source impedance to adaptive maximum power point tracking for broadband vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Xia Huakang , Chen Renwen , Ren Long , Zhou Qinbang
Published: September 2016

This article presents an adaptive maximum power point tracking technique for broadband vibration energy harvesting. The presented technique employs a discontinuous conduction mode buck–boost converter to emulate a matched resistor for a vibration energy harvester. Instead of traversal search, the optimal duty cycle can be tuned in one step based on direct calculation of source impedance, which is realized by active pulse width modulation perturbation strategy; based on it, the circuit can work well in impedance match adaptively without any prior knowledge of a harvester. The prototype circuit is implemented by an ultra-low-power consumption MSP430 microcontroller with a stable external power supply. It produces 1.32 mW (0.4 g and 88.2 Hz acceleration) from a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and 1.16 mW (0.12 g and 19.3 Hz acceleration) from an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. According to the definition of power–bandwidth product, the experimental results achieve 75.2% and 39.9% of the theoretical optimal capacity of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, respectively. The detailed experimental data indicate that the proposed approach achieves a large improvement than employing a fixed load resistance in a wide frequency band. Furthermore, the possibility of self-powered is confirmed based on a brief estimation of power losses on the proposed circuit.
Celiac Artery Stenting in the Treatment of Intestinal Ischemia Due to the Sacrifice of the Dominant Inferior Mesenteric Artery During Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Su Zijie , Pan Tianyue , Lian Weishuai , Guo Daqiao , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo
Published: September 2016

A 42-year-old man had intestinal ischemia 7 weeks after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair due to sacrifice of the inferior mesenteric artery, which had compensated for the intestinal blood supply because of the total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and severe stenosis of the celiac artery (CA). He was diagnosed in the active phase of Takayasu arteritis, and an emergency endovascular treatment was performed. After the SMA failed to be recanalized, a stent was successfully placed into the CA; this choice was made based on the preexisting collaterals between them. The symptoms were relieved shortly after the operation. The Kirk arcade, the Barkow arcade, and the enlarged pancreaticoduodenal arcade were visualized on the follow-up computed tomography angiography. Based on this case, a short review of celiomesenteric and intermesenteric collateral circulations is presented.
This Isn’t the Free Will Worth Looking For
Authors: Monroe Andrew E. , Brady Garrett L. , Malle Bertram F.
Published: September 2016

According to previous research, threatening people’s belief in free will may undermine moral judgments and behavior. Four studies tested this claim. Study 1 used a Velten technique to threaten people’s belief in free will and found no effects on moral behavior, judgments of blame, and punishment decisions. Study 2 used six different threats to free will and failed to find effects on judgments of blame and wrongness. Study 3 found no effects on moral judgment when manipulating general free will beliefs but found strong effects when manipulating the perceived choice capacity of the judged agent. Study 4 used pretested narratives that varied agents’ apparent free will and found that perceived choice capacity mediated the relationship between free will and blame. These results suggest that people’s general beliefs about whether free will exists have no impact on moral judgments but specific judgments about the agent’s choice capacity do.
Interactive knowledge discovery and data mining on genomic expression data with numeric formal concept analysis
Authors: González-Calabozo Jose M , Valverde-Albacete Francisco J , Peláez-Moreno Carmen
Published: September 2016

Background

Gene Expression Data (GED) analysis poses a great challenge to the scientific community that can be framed into the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) and Data Mining (DM) paradigm. Biclustering has emerged as the machine learning method of choice to solve this task, but its unsupervised nature makes result assessment problematic. This is often addressed by means of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).

Results

We put forward a framework in which GED analysis is understood as an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) process where we provide support for continuous human interaction with data aiming at improving the step of hypothesis abduction and assessment. We focus on the adaptation to human cognition of data interpretation and visualization of the output of EDA.

First, we give a proper theoretical background to bi-clustering using Lattice Theory and provide a set of analysis tools revolving around$\mathcal {K}$K-Formal Concept Analysis ($\mathcal {K}$K-FCA), a lattice-theoretic unsupervised learning technique for real-valued matrices.

By using different kinds of cost structures to quantify expression we obtain different sequences of hierarchical bi-clusterings for gene under- and over-expression using thresholds. Consequently, we provide a method with interleaved analysis steps and visualization devices so that the sequences of lattices for a particular experiment summarize the researcher’s vision of the data. This also allows us to define measures of persistence and robustness of biclusters to assess them.

Second, the resulting biclusters are used to index external omics databases—for instance, Gene Ontology (GO)—thus offering a new way of accessing publicly available resources. This provides different flavors of gene set enrichment against which to assess the biclusters, by obtaining theirp-values according to the terminology of those resources.

We illustrate the exploration procedure on a real data example confirming results previously published.

Conclusions

The GED analysis problem gets transformed into the exploration of a sequence of lattices enabling the visualization of the hierarchical structure of the biclusters with a certain degree of granularity. The ability of FCA-based bi-clustering methods to index external databases such as GO allows us to obtain a quality measure of the biclusters, to observe the evolution of a gene throughout the different biclusters it appears in, to look for relevant biclusters—by observing their genes and what their persistence is—to infer, for instance, hypotheses on their function.
Using Experience-Based Design to Improve the Care Experience for Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hagensen Ann , London Amy E. , Phillips Jennifer J. , Helton W. Scott , Picozzi Vincent J. , Blackmore C. Craig
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Despite the importance of the patient care experience to quality and outcome, the literature detailing the care experience in patients with pancreatic cancer is limited.

Methods:

To elicit the experience of patients with pancreatic cancer for care redesign, we deployed experience-based design, an emerging methodology based on identification of events of high emotional content, known as touch points, to delineate qualitatively what matters most to patients and families. We defined touch points through direct observations, interviews, and a focus group. We then used experience questionnaires to measure emotional content and develop an experience map to graphically display the fluctuating emotional journey through the care processes. Study subjects were patients with pancreatic cancer who were cared for at Virginia Mason Medical Center, family caregivers, and staff. Redesign was initiated through an all-day improvement event in September 2013.

Results:

During 2013 and 2014, we cared for 485 new patients with pancreatic cancer, the majority of whom had local disease at diagnosis. The response rate for the experience questionnaire was 23% (117 of 500 questionnaires distributed). The experience-based design results were often contrary to staff preconceptions of the care experience for patients with pancreatic cancer, and contributed to redesign in three key areas: understanding and documenting patient goals and values, providing better resources for caregivers/families, and improving care coordination and support services.

Conclusion:

Experience-based design enabled us to understand the care experience and associated emotional content for patients with pancreatic cancer and their caregivers. This knowledge then supported care redesign targeted at areas of high negative emotional content.
BCR-ABL Testing by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients With Neutrophilia: The William Beaumont Hospital Experience and the Case for Rational Laboratory Test Requests
Authors: Ogunleye Foluso , Ibrahim Mohammed , Allen Emily , Brennan Neil , Huang James , Yu Zhou , Huben Marianne , Jaiyesimi Ishmael
Published: September 2016

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm resulting from the fusion of the BCR-ABL genes, forming the Philadelphia chromosome. The diagnosis is often suspected when there is leukocytosis with left shift and basophilia. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires a demonstration of BCR-ABL by polymerase chain reaction. Using data from the William Beaumont laboratory data registry, we conducted a retrospective review of all the orders for BCR-ABL tests sent to the clinical pathology laboratory between March 11, 2014 and September 12, 2014. We concluded that the presence of concurrent neutrophilia and basophilia has a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 69.15% to 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 93.15% to 100%) in the initial diagnosis of CML. Our results suggest that the presence of both neutrophilia and basophilia should be used as a threshold for the placement of orders for BCR-ABL in the initial diagnosis of CML in patients with leukocytosis with left shift and provide a basis for a reduction in health care spending. Restricting BCR-ABL tests to this population would save approximately $198 million annually in national health care spending.
Catholic Missionaries in Colonial Algeria
Authors: Francis Kyle
Published: September 2016

This article examines the changing role played by Catholic missionaries in the French colonial government's attempt between 1848 and 1883 to mold a cohesive community out of a heterogeneous group of European settlers in Algeria. It argues that this effort constituted an alternative civilizing mission in which the aim was not to assimilate indigenous subjects but to create meaningful difference between North Africans and Europeans where this difference was not yet sufficiently clear. Between 1848 and 1870 military leaders used female missionaries in particular to cater to the religious needs of migrant Spanish, Italian, and Maltese settlers. After 1870, however, newly empowered civilian officials increasingly abandoned the use of Catholic missionaries and worked to assimilate foreign settlers to their own secular ideal of a universal, republican France. Throughout this period military and civilian officials alike framed governing the settlers as crucial to the larger goal of governing colonized Algerians.

Cet article porte sur le rôle en constante évolution des missionnaires catholiques dans l'effort mené par le gouvernement colonial français entre 1848 et 1883 de créer une communauté homogène de colons français à partir d'un groupe hétérogène d'Européens. Il affirme que cet effort constituait une mission civilisatrice alternative dont le but n'était pas d'assimiler des sujets indigènes, mais de créer une distinction claire entre indigènes et européens lorsque cette distinction n'existait pas encore. Entre 1848 et 1870, les officiers militaires employaient des femmes missionnaires pour répondre aux besoins religieux des immigrés espagnols, italiens, et maltais. Après 1870, par contre, le régime civil abandonnait de plus en plus l'emploi des missionnaires catholiques pour mener une politique d'assimilation des colons étrangers aux valeurs laïques d'une France universelle et républicaine. Tout au long de cette période, les officiers militaires et civils comprenaient le besoin de gouverner les colons comme un élément essentiel de la mise en place d'une politique pour gouverner les colonisés algériens.
Small Effects from Big Causes: The Dialogic Documentary Practice of Natalie Bookchin
Authors: Druick Zoë
Published: September 2016

In her digital video work Mass Ornament (2009), the Testament series (2009), and Now He's Out in Public and Everyone Can See (2012), US artist Natalie Bookchin gathers clips from video blogs in which people perform dances and discuss personal and political issues, from sexuality to racism to losing their jobs. In this essay, I argue that Bookchin's work makes an important feminist intervention into discourses that either demonize or lionize social media. Utilizing strategies of seriality, database/narrative, and orchestration, Bookchin crafts a set of composite found footage texts that challenge both documentary form that relies on typicality or composites and interactive documentaries that employ online engagement. Instead, highlighting the body and the utterance as political “contact zones,” Bookchin uses sonic composition and choreography to challenge restricted notions of political speech, demonstrating the simultaneous insignificance and importance of the everyday. Her work therefore highlights the problematic of communicability that the excess of online textual expression presents while at the same time holding out the possibility that—through listening—engaged, dialogic documentary might provide a powerful antidote to the logics of neoliberalism.
The Mysteries of Voice: Love and Transnational Identification in Performing the Border, The Price of Sex, and Señorita extraviada
Authors: Warren Shilyh
Published: September 2016

This article analyzes Performing the Border (dir. Ursula Biemann, Switzerland and Mexico, 1999), Señorita extraviada (Missing Young Woman, dir. Lourdes Portillo, Mexico, 2001), and The Price of Sex (dir. Mimi Chakarova, US, 2011), three documentaries that focus on the ways that poor and disenfranchised women in the hot zones of globalization have been made increasingly vulnerable by patterns of capital expansion. In these documentaries, women who have survived trafficking, rape, and abduction share their brutal experiences in filmed interviews; family members who have lost daughters and sisters describe their profound grief; and each filmmaker includes herself either in the frame or in the voice-over of the film—sometimes in both. Despite their distinct aesthetic investments, these three films share common thematic preoccupations with gender-based violence and filmically constructed justice. Together, these films encourage us to revisit debates about feminist postcolonial ethics in transnational documentary. How might one share the emotional intensity of the other ethically, without projecting a false similarity? What role does a bicultural and bilingual woman filmmaker play in mediating, without collapsing, significant differences between the women whose lives are at stake in these documentaries and the women who make and watch such films? The delicate balance that makes possible a transnational feminist ethics of identification in these films exists in the management of the tension between the voices of the documentary: that of the filmmaker and those of her subjects.
Imperceptibility and Accumulation: Political Strategies of Plastic
Authors: Davis Heather
Published: September 2016

Plastic is a seemingly ubiquitous material, one that is both all too visible and, as such, opaque. Beginning with the use of plastic for sex toys, this essay tracks some of the strange convergences between plastic, as a material, and queer theory. In particular, it follows how contemporary articulations of queerness and queer sex rest on notions of opacity. This mirrors the production of plastic and the ways in which this alienated material has influenced our lives. Given this congruence, what might be borrowed from the figure of plastic for contemporary politics and organizing? Notions of imperceptibility, proliferation, accumulation, and nonfilial progeny are each explored to advance a politics that can respond to contemporary critical theory and materiality. Imperceptibility explores the ways in which plastic influences the world without being influenced in turn. Proliferation describes plastic's movement through the world and its durability. Accumulation asks for a reconsideration of political allies. Finally, nonfilial progeny offers a speculative intervention toward developing a feminist sense of responsibility for and relation to a future that is increasingly marked by loss.
“The Criticality of Activism Needs to Be Applied to Art”: A Conversation with Jemima Wyman
Authors: Tumbas Jasmina
Published: September 2016

In this interview, the author and Australian artist Jemima Wyman discuss the position of art and activism in Wyman's artistic practice. Focusing on opacity as a political position in the conception and production of her artwork, Wyman comments on her use of patterns, performance, and collaborative interventions as well as the feminist and activist legacies that inform her video, performance, and installation works. For Wyman, opacity and camouflage enable collective emancipatory action in a time of contemporary neoliberal forms of surveillance, as seen in the practices of Pussy Riot members in Russia, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Chiapas, Mexico, and the global hacktivist group Anonymous. Drawing on global protest movements as well as debates in the history of art, Wyman offers her thoughts on how visual opacity and collective actions obfuscate as well as activate political resistance in her artwork.
Transient fusion ensures granule replenishment to enable repeated release after IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
Authors: Balseiro-Gomez Santiago , Flores Juan A. , Acosta Jorge , Ramirez-Ponce M. Pilar , Ales Eva
Published: September 2016

To ensure normal immune function, mast cells employ different pathways to release mediators. Here, we report a thus far unknown capacity of mast cells to recycle and reuse secretory granules after an antigen-evoked degranulation process under physiological conditions; this phenomenon involves the existence of a recycling secretory granule pool that is available for release in a short time scale. Rapid endocytic modes contributed to the recycling of ∼60% of the total secretory granule population, which involved kiss-and-run and cavicapture mechanisms, causing retention of the intragranular matrix. We found the presence of normal-size granules and giant actomyosin- and dynamin-dependent granules, which were characterized by large quantal content. These large structures allowed the recovered mast cells to release a large amount of 5-HT, compensating for the decrease in the number of exocytosed secretory granules. This work uncovers a new physiological role of the exo–endocytosis cycle in the immunological plasticity of mast cells and reveals a new property of their biological secretion.
Instrumented gait assessment with a single wearable: an introductory tutorial
Authors: Del Din Silvia , Hickey Aodhán , Ladha Cassim , Stuart Sam , Bourke Alan K. , Esser Patrick , Rochester Lynn , Godfrey Alan
Published: September 2016

Background: Gait is a powerful tool to identify ageing and track disease progression. Yet, its high resolution measurement via traditional instruments remains restricted to the laboratory or bespoke clinical facilities. The potential for that to change is due to the advances in wearables where the synergy between devices and smart algorithms has provided the potential of ‘a gait lab on a chip’.

Methods: Commercially available wearables for gait quantification remain expensive and are restricted to a limited number of characteristics unsuitable for a comprehensive assessment required within intervention or epidemiological studies. However, the increasing demand for low-cost diagnostics has fuelled the shift in how health-related resources are distributed. As such we adopt open platform technology and validated research methodologies to harmonise engineering solutions to satisfy current epidemiological needs.

Results: We provide an introduction to conduct a routine instrumented gait assessment with a discrete, low-cost, accelerometer-based wearable. We show that the capture and interpretation of raw gait signals with a common scripting language can be straightforward and suitable for use within modern studies. We highlight the best approaches and hope that this will help compliment any analytical tool-kit as part of future cohort assessments.

Conclusions: Deployment of wearables can allow accurate gait assessment in accordance with advocated methods of data collection as there is a strong demand for sensitive outcomes derived from pragmatic tools. This tutorial shows that instrumentation of gait using a single open source wearable is pragmatic due to low-cost and translational analytical methods to derive sensitive outcomes.
Foreword - Eessõna - Eḍḍisõnā
Authors: Ernštreits Valts , Pajusalu Karl
Published: September 2016

Foreword - Eessõna - Eḍḍisõnā
Historical Phonology from Proto-Finnic to Proto-Livonian
Authors: Kallio Petri
Published: September 2016

This article serves as an attempt to reconstruct the approximate chronological order of the major sound laws between (Late) Proto-Finnic and Proto-Livonian. A by-product of this study is a reconstruction of the Proto-Livonian phoneme system, the earlier versions of which have been more fragmentary and tentative. In the end, it is briefly discussed when and where the Livonian proto-language was spoken before its splitting into Courland and Salaca Livonian.Kokkuvõte. Petri Kallio: Ajalooline fonoloogia algläänemeresoomest algliivini. Artikkel esitab katse rekonstrueerida peamiste häälikumuutuste ligikaudse kronoloogilise järgnevuse (hilise) algläänemeresoome ja algliivi keele vahel. Selle uurimuse kõrvaltulemuseks on algliivi foneemisüsteemi rekonstruktsioon, mille varasemad versioonid on olnud fragmentaarsemad ja esialgsed. Lõpuks arutletakse artiklis lühidalt selle üle, millal ja kus räägiti liivi algkeelt enne, kui see eristus Kuramaa ja Salatsi liivi keeleks.Märksõnad: ajalooline fonoloogia, algläänemeresoome, algliivi, kuraliivi, salatsiliiviKubbõvõttõks. Petri Kallio: Istōrili fonolōgij vāldamiersūomõ ežžõmkīelst līvõ ežžõmkīel sōņõ. Kēras sǭb kǭļdõt rekonstruīertõ pǟmizt killijidmȭitõkst ležgõliz kronolōgiliz kȭrda (obbiz) ežžõmvāldamiersūomõ ja ežžõmlīvõ kīel vail. Sīe tuņšlõks aigārezultātõks um ežžõmlīvõ fonēmõd sistēm rekonst ruktsij, kīen jedlõmizt versijd attõ vȯnnõd fragmentārimizt ja īrgalizt. Lopāndõksõks sōb lītõld nõvvõ võttõd iļ sīe, kunā ja kus rõkāndizt e’žžõmlīvõ kīeldõ jedmõl laggimizt Kurāmǭ ja Salāts līvõ kīelõks.
Livonian features in Estonian dialects
Authors: O’Rourke Patrick , Pajusalu Karl
Published: September 2016

This article presents linguistic innovations which are typical of both Courland and Salaca Livonian and are also known in the neighbouring Estonian dialect areas. These innovative features are phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic. The features are present mainly in western and southwestern Estonia, but also more specifically in areas close to the current western border between Estonia and Latvia. This article discusses the nature and chronology of these linguistic features, taking into account their distribution. Broadly spread common features can be mostly explained as inherent innovations of western Finnic when they are not shown to be caused by contacts with Germanic or Baltic languages. Features which are spread in the immediate vicinity of the former Livonian language area can be classified as a Livonian substrate in sub-dialects of western and insular Estonian.Kokkuvõte. Patrick O’Rourke, Karl Pajusalu: Liivi jooned eesti murretes. Artikkel käsitleb keeleuuendusi, mis on iseloomulikud nii Kuramaa kui ka Salatsi liivi keelele ja on piiratult tuntud ka eesti murretes. Vaadeldakse fonoloogilisi, morfoloogilisi ja morfosüntaktilisi jooni. Need keelendid esinevad peamiselt Lääne- ja Edela-Eestis, eriti aga Eesti ja Läti praeguse läänepoolse piiri lähedal. Artiklis käsitletakse keelejoonte olemust ja kronoloogiat, võttes arvesse nende levikut. Laiemalt levinud liivipäraseid jooni saab enamasti pidada läänepoolse läänemeresoome omapärasteks arenguteks juhul, kui need muutused ei ole põhjustatud kontaktidest germaani ja balti keeltega. Varasema liivi keeleala vahetus läheduses tuntud jooned on aga tõlgendatavad liivi keele substraadiks lääne-eesti ja saarte murrakutes.Märksõnad: liivi keel, eesti keel, keeleajalugu, keelekontaktid, substraatKubbõvõttõks. Patrick O’Rourke, Karl Pajusalu: Līvõ tīedõd ēsti kīel mūrdis. Kēra vaņțlõb kīel ūdstõkši, mis at eņtšizt nei Kurmǭ äbku Salāts līvõ kīelõn ja at tundtõd sūorantõd vīțõ ka ēsti kīel mūrdis. Vaņțõltõd sōbõd fonolōgilizt, morfolōgilizt ja morfosintaktilizt nǟdõkst. Ne tulbõd jeddõ pǟažālistiz Vežgõr- ja Lǟnd-Ēstimǭl, amā jemīņ Ēstimǭ ja Lețmǭ paldīņiz lǟndpūoliz rubīž ležgõl. Laigāmõld laiglõnd līvõpierrizt nǟdõkst võibõd sūrimiz jag vȱlda vežgõrpūoliz vāldamiersūomõ eņtšvīțizt kazāndõkst siz ku nänt pūojõks äb ūotõ kontaktõd germān agā balt kīeldkõks. Līvõ kīel jedlõmiz teritorij kūoḑis ležglits tundtõd nǟdõkst at tulktõb līvõ kīel substrātõks ēsti kīel vežgõr ja kǭlad mūrdis.