bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum– and Golgi-Localized Phospholipase A2 Plays Critical Roles in Arabidopsis Pollen Development and Germination
Authors: Kim Hae Jin , Ok Sung Han , Bahn Sung Chul , Jang Juno , Oh Sung Aeong , Park Soon Ki , Twell David , Ryu Stephen Beungtae , Shin Jeong Sheop
Published: January 2011

The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily of lipolytic enzymes is involved in a number of essential biological processes, such as inflammation, development, host defense, and signal transduction. Despite the proven involvement of plant PLA2s in many biological functions, including senescence, wounding, elicitor and stress responses, and pathogen defense, relatively little is known about plant PLA2s, and their genes essentially remain uncharacterized. We characterized three of four Arabidopsis thaliana PLA2 paralogs (PLA2-β, -γ, and -Δ) and found that they (1) are expressed during pollen development, (2) localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi, and (3) play critical roles in pollen development and germination and tube growth. The suppression of PLA2 using the RNA interference approach resulted in pollen lethality. The inhibition of pollen germination by pharmacological PLA2 inhibitors was rescued by a lipid signal molecule, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine. Based on these results, we propose that plant reproduction, in particular, male gametophyte development, requires the activities of the lipid-modifying PLA2s that are conserved in other organisms.
Heterodimers of the Arabidopsis Transcription Factors bZIP1 and bZIP53 Reprogram Amino Acid Metabolism during Low Energy Stress
Authors: Dietrich Katrin , Weltmeier Fridtjof , Ehlert Andrea , Weiste Christoph , Stahl Mark , Harter Klaus , Dröge-Laser Wolfgang
Published: January 2011

Control of energy homeostasis is crucial for plant survival, particularly under biotic or abiotic stress conditions. Energy deprivation induces dramatic reprogramming of transcription, facilitating metabolic adjustment. An in-depth knowledge of the corresponding regulatory networks would provide opportunities for the development of biotechnological strategies. Low energy stress activates the Arabidopsis thaliana group S1 basic leucine zipper transcription factors bZIP1 and bZIP53 by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Gain-of-function approaches define these bZIPs as crucial transcriptional regulators in Pro, Asn, and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses confirm the direct binding of bZIP1 and bZIP53 to promoters of key metabolic genes, such as ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE1 and PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE, the G-box, C-box, or ACT motifs (ACTCAT) have been defined as regulatory cis-elements in the starvation response. bZIP1 and bZIP53 were shown to specifically heterodimerize with group C bZIPs. Although single loss-of-function mutants did not affect starvation-induced transcription, quadruple mutants of group S1 and C bZIPs displayed a significant impairment. We therefore propose that bZIP1 and bZIP53 transduce low energy signals by heterodimerization with members of the partially redundant C/S1 bZIP factor network to reprogram primary metabolism in the starvation response.
The Arabidopsis Intracellular Na+/H+ Antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 Are Endosome Associated and Necessary for Plant Growth and Development
Authors: Bassil Elias , Ohto Masa-aki , Esumi Tomoya , Tajima Hiromi , Zhu Zhu , Cagnac Olivier , Belmonte Mark , Peleg Zvi , Yamaguchi Toshio , Blumwald Eduardo
Published: January 2011

Intracellular Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) play important roles in cellular pH and Na+ and K+ homeostasis in all eukaryotes. Based on sequence similarity, the six intracellular Arabidopsis thaliana members are divided into two groups. Unlike the vacuolar NHX1-4, NHX5 and NHX6 are believed to be endosomal; however, little data exist to support either their function or localization. Using reverse genetics, we show that whereas single knockouts nhx5 or nhx6 did not differ from the wild type, the double knockout nhx5 nhx6 showed reduced growth, with smaller and fewer cells and increased sensitivity to salinity. Reduced growth of nhx5 nhx6 was due to slowed cell expansion. Transcriptome analysis indicated that nhx5, nhx6, and the wild type had similar gene expression profiles, whereas transcripts related to vesicular trafficking and abiotic stress were enriched in nhx5 nhx6. We show that unlike other intracellular NHX proteins, NHX5 and NHX6 are associated with punctate, motile cytosolic vesicles, sensitive to Brefeldin A, that colocalize to known Golgi and trans-Golgi network markers. We provide data to show that vacuolar trafficking is affected in nhx5 nhx6. Possible involvements of NHX5 and NHX6 in maintaining organelle pH and ion homeostasis with implications in endosomal sorting and cellular stress responses are discussed.
Distinct Roles of Protein Disulfide Isomerase and P5 Sulfhydryl Oxidoreductases in Multiple Pathways for Oxidation of Structurally Diverse Storage Proteins in Rice
Authors: Onda Yayoi , Nagamine Ai , Sakurai Mutsumi , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Ogawa Masahiro , Kawagoe Yasushi
Published: January 2011

In the rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm, storage proteins are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in which prolamins are sorted to protein bodies (PBs) called type-I PB (PB-I). Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family oxidoreductase PDIL2;3, an ortholog of human P5, contains a conserved structural disulfide in the redox-inactive thioredoxin-like (TRX) domain and was efficiently targeted to the surface of PB-I in a redox active site–dependent manner, whereas PDIL1;1, an ortholog of human PDI, was localized in the ER lumen. Complementation analyses using PDIL1;1 knockout esp2 mutant indicated that the a and a′ TRX domains of PDIL1;1 exhibited similar redox activities and that PDIL2;3 was unable to perform the PDIL1;1 functions. PDIL2;3 knockdown inhibited the accumulation of Cys-rich 10-kD prolamin (crP10) in the core of PB-I. Conversely, crP10 knockdown dispersed PDIL2;3 into the ER lumen. Glutathione S-transferase-PDIL2;3 formed a stable tetramer when it was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant PDIL2;3 tetramer facilitated α-globulin(C79F) mutant protein to form nonnative intermolecular disulfide bonds in vitro. These results indicate that PDIL2;3 and PDIL1;1 are not functionally redundant in sulfhydryl oxidations of structurally diverse storage proteins and play distinct roles in PB development. We discuss PDIL2;3-dependent and PDIL2;3-independent oxidation pathways that sustain disulfide bonds of crP10 in PB-I.
Towards three-dimensional quantitative reconstruction of cement microstructure by X-ray diffraction microtomography
Authors: Valentini Luca , Dalconi Maria Chiara , Parisatto Matteo , Cruciani Giuseppe , Artioli Gilberto
Published: February 2011

Quantitative characterization of the microstructure of cement-based materials is of fundamental importance for assessing the performance and durability of the final products. However, accessing the three-dimensional microstructural information of hydrating cement pastes without introducing any perturbation is not trivial. Recently, a novel non-invasive method based on X-ray diffraction computed microtomography (XRD-CT) has been applied to cement-based materials, with the aim of describing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of selected phases during the hydration of the cement paste. This paper illustrates a method based on XRD-CT, combined with Rietveld-based quantitative phase analysis and image processing, which provides quantitative information relative to the distribution of the various phases present in the studied samples. In particular, it is shown how this method allows the estimation of the local volume fraction of the phase ettringite within a hydrating cement paste, and construction of a three-dimensional distribution map. Application of this method to the various constituents of a cementitious material, or, more generally, of a composite polycrystalline material, may provide a non-invasive tool for three-dimensional microstructural quantitative characterization.
Building and refining complete nanoparticle structures with total scattering data
Authors: Page Katharine , Hood Taylor C. , Proffen Thomas , Neder Reinhard B.
Published: February 2011

High-energy X-ray and spallation neutron total scattering data provide information about each pair of atoms in a nanoparticle sample, allowing for quantitative whole-particle structural modeling based on pair distribution function analysis. The realization of this capability has been hindered by a lack of versatile tools for describing complex finite structures. Here, the implementation of whole-particle refinement for complete nanoparticle systems is described within two programs,DISCUSandDIFFEV, and the diverse capabilities they present are demonstrated. The build-up of internal atomic structure (including defects, chemical ordering and other types of disorder), and nanoparticle size, shape and architecture (including core–shell structures, surface relaxation and ligand capping), are demonstrated using the programDISCUS. The structure refinement of a complete nanoparticle system (4 nm Au particles with organic capping ligands at the surface), based on neutron pair distribution function data, is demonstrated usingDIFFEV, a program using a differential evolutionary algorithm to generate parameter values. These methods are a valuable addition to other probes appropriate for nanomaterials, adaptable to a diverse and complex set of materials systems, and extendable to additional data-set types.
Precision of lattice strain and orientation measurements using high-energy monochromatic X-ray diffraction
Authors: Edmiston John K. , Barton Nathan R. , Bernier Joel V. , Johnson George C. , Steigmann David J.
Published: February 2011

A systematic framework for estimating the uncertainty associated with measurements of finite stretch and orientation of a crystalline lattice using monochromatic X-ray diffraction is presented. A hierarchical method is implemented, in which uncertainties in the locations of diffraction peaks are communicated to the lattice stretch and rotation parameters by using the classical method of weighted least squares. This enables the uncertainty of the lattice stretch and rotation parameters to be estimated from a single full rotation scan. This method is applied to diffraction data obtained from a ruby single crystal as an idealized case for validation, and an example application is demonstrated by analyzing a strained and plastically deformed polycrystalline titanium alloy, β21S. For the ruby single crystal, it was possible to attain average uncertainties for lattice orientation and strain that were found to be comparable to standard statistical analysis of repeated measurements. For the titanium alloy, a single grain was analyzed, and a precision of 0.03° for lattice orientation and 100–250 × 10−6for lattice strain components was obtained. The basic framework of the uncertainty analysis is generally applicable, although specific results are unique to monochromatic X-ray diffraction experiments.
Micronutrient adequacy of homemade complementary foods
Authors: Agbon C.A. , Onabanjo O.O. , Akinyemi C.O.
Published: January 2011

Purpose

Childhood under‐nutrition remains a major health problem in resource‐poor settings like the rural areas in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to determine the types and nutrient adequacy of complementary foods used in a rural area.

Design/methodology/approach

The most frequently used (52 percent) homemade complementary food (HCF) in the area was studied, employing questionnaire, standardization of recipe and chemical analysis to evaluate the complementary food and to suggest improvement.

Findings

Two varieties of local beans (white and brown) were used in the preparation of HCF in the study area. They were either peeled to remove the coat or unpeeled. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in the protein content of the HCF made from the two varieties. Using any of the beans unpeeled children between the ages of six and eight months meet their energy and protein requirement. The calcium, iron, and zinc contents of HCF from the two bean varieties were low.

Originality/value

This paper may be the first to evaluate HCF using mothers' method of preparation.
Developing a nutrition assessment tool for Irish pre‐schools
Authors: Johnston Molloy Charlotte , Corish Clare , Kearney John , Hayes Nóirín , Glennon Slattery Corina
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The provision of nutritious food to children in full day care pre‐schools is essential to ensure adequate child growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to outline the development of a nutrition assessment tool (scored evaluation form (SEF)) for this setting, and describe the nutrition practice findings measured by this tool in full day child care in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

This study involved two phases: first, a comprehensive literature review carried out on each criterion in the SEF to ensure best practice; and second, use of the SEF in full day care pre‐schools to assess their nutrition practice.

Findings

Use of the SEF demonstrated that portion sizes provided to infants and toddlers were inadequate. Poor provision of iron containing, vegetable and dairy foods was noted, as were poor meal time practices. The phrasing of certain criteria needs modification to avoid misinterpretation of portion size.

Research limitations/implications

With small modifications to clarify the portion size provided, the SEF can be used in the pre‐school setting to ascertain nutrition practice.

Practical implications

The SEF requires testing to determine its utility as an intervention tool whereby its use may lead to positive changes in nutrition practice in the pre‐school setting.

Originality/value

This paper outlines the development of a nutrition practice assessment tool for the full day child care setting in Ireland and describes previously unknown data gathered using this tool.
The role of Mediterranean diet in health and disease: an updated mini review
Authors: Karampola Maria , Papandreou Dimitrios , Makedou Kelly
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the Mediterranean diet and its association to disease and health benefits derived from the adherence to it.

Design/methodology/approach

The review includes the most updated studies found in PubMed all in relation to the adaptation of the Mediterranean diet.

Findings

The cardioprotection of Mediterranean diet has been established. A number of cancer types could be prevented by following the Mediterranean type diet and the specific ingredients of it are also investigated to find their impact on health. Longevity is also favored by the adoption of this dietary pattern as is the population group diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and mental health disorders. The results about its consumption and obesity need further investigation. Patients with HIV, being on specific treatment, are advised not to follow the Mediterranean diet.

Originality/value

This paper gives a concise, up‐to‐date overview to nutritionists and dietitians on the Mediterranean diet and its relation to health and disease.
Skills for creative industries graduate success
Authors: Bridgstock Ruth
Published: January 2011

Purpose

Although there is increasing evidence that the creative industries are essential to national economic growth as well as social and cultural well‐being, creative graduates often find it difficult to become established professionally. This study aims to investigate the value of career management competence and intrinsic career motivations (as elements of “protean career orientation”) in predicting positive graduate outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Self‐report surveys were administered to 208 creative industries graduates from two Australian universities at two points in time: at course completion, and one year later.

Findings

The paper finds that individual career management competence and intrinsic work motivations, measured at course completion, were significant predictors of early career success, using both subjective and objective measures, measured one year later.

Practical implications

This study suggests that an emphasis on student development beyond the traditional “key” employability skills may well be worthwhile. The paper also suggests a broad learning and teaching approach by which universities can encourage the development of student career identity, and thus engender student intrinsic career motivations and career self management skills and behaviours.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to demonstrate empirically a link between a particular set of skills and graduate outcomes. In addition, it provides insights into the role of student career motivations in positive transitions to the world of work in the creative industries.
Time allocations for study: evidence from Arts students in Australia
Authors: Hlavac Jim , Peterson Jim , Piscioneri Matthew
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The primary purpose of this paper is to compare time availability and its allocation amongst Arts students. In addition it aims to match time availability and use with informants' resource preferences and the variables of language background and residential status.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 109 students completed quantitatively‐based electronic and paper‐copy surveys. Empirical data from primary informants form the basis of analysis.

Findings

The paper finds that over 90 per cent of informants have non‐study commitments and over half have commitments of six or more hours per week. The largest single group (35 per cent) has obligations of six to 14 hours per week. There is only a weak correlation between a higher number of commitments a lower amount of “out‐of‐class” time to engage with study obligations. Conversely, fewer extra‐curricular obligations does not automatically lead to a higher number of hours devoted to study. Differences in resource use are small: paper copy resources are universally popular, regardless of time commitments and allocations. Non‐English‐speaking background and international students tend to have fewer non‐study commitments and devote more time to study in general than English‐speaking background and local informants.

Research limitations/implications

Research covers one of full‐time student informants' four units and does not elicit responses from all units studied by informants.

Originality/value

While employment has been examined as a factor affecting student performance and time availability, few studies have matched time availability and declared time allocations to study. Further, time availability as a key feature of academic study is matched against variables highly relevant to today's student populations: resource mode use; language background; and residential status.
Relationship between occupational commitment and ascribed importance of organisational characteristics
Authors: Simola Sheldene
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between dimensions of commitment to the profession of business, and ascribed importance of various organisational characteristics to the first full‐time job following graduation.

Design/methodology/approach

Business administration students (n=446) completed surveys on dimensions of their commitment to the profession of business and the importance they ascribed to having certain organisational characteristics in their first full‐time job (n=132). Confirmatory factor analysis of commitment scales, principal component analysis of organisational characteristics, and canonical correlations were used.

Findings

Affective occupational commitment was differentially, positively associated with the importance ascribed to working in an organisation that offers opportunities for professional development. Normative occupational commitment was differentially, positively associated with the importance ascribed to working in a reputable organisation that is devoted to diversity and social responsibility.

Research limitations/implications

Additional evaluation using multi‐source and behavioural data would be useful.

Practical implications

Knowledge of the relationship between types of occupational commitment and desired organisational characteristics among university students could inform organisational positioning relative to recruitment.

Originality/value

Results reported in this paper demonstrate the potential relevance of occupational commitment components into the processes of recruitment and applicant attraction among university students.
The management paradox
Authors: De Cuyper Nele , De Witte Hans
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate associations between self‐rated employability (SRE) and affective organizational commitment and performance to probe the so‐called management paradox, namely the idea that SRE relates to performance, but also to reduced commitment. SRE concerns the workers' perception about all available (quantitative SRE) or instead better (qualitative SRE) job opportunities on the internal (internal SRE) and/or the external (external SRE) labour market. This leads to four types of SRE: internal quantitative SRE; internal qualitative SRE; external quantitative SRE; and external qualitative SRE.

Design/methodology/approach

Analyses were based on a sample of 551 workers from nine organizations: a large Belgian organization providing human resource services, and eight schools. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling, accounting also for sector differences.

Findings

Internal quantitative SRE associated positively with affective organizational commitment – directly as well as indirectly – through internal qualitative SRE. External quantitative SRE associated negatively with affective organizational commitment through external qualitative SRE. However, a direct and positive relationship was established between external quantitative SRE and affective organizational commitment. Finally, affective organizational commitment associated positively with performance.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to empirically test and prove false the management paradox. Another strength is that this study advanced SRE as a multi‐dimensional construct.
The role of organisational commitment in the analysis of resistance to change
Authors: Peccei Riccardo , Giangreco Antonio , Sebastiano Antonio
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of resistance to change (RTC) by examining the role played by organisational commitment (OC) as a potential predictor and moderator in the analysis of RTC.

Design/methodology/approach

First, alternative models of OC were developed, first as a co‐predictor of RTC, and then as a moderator of the relationship between key established antecedents of RTC and resistance itself. The main established antecedents of RTC examined included employees' perceptions of the benefits of change (PBC), their involvement in the change process (IIC), and their overall attitudes towards the change (ATC). The alternative OC models were tested using data from a sample of over 300 middle managers from an Italian public sector service provider company undergoing a radical process of change.

Findings

Results showed that OC, along with PBC and IIC, had a significant negative direct and indirect effect on RTC. The indirect effect was mediated by employee attitudes to the change. Contrary to expectations, however, commitment did not moderate any of the antecedents‐RTC relationships.

Research limitations/implications

Although based on self‐report cross‐sectional data, this paper suggests that, while OC has a main significant effect on RTC, it does not have a moderator effect in relation to RTC.

Practical implications

The results suggest that OC is not a substitute for the effective management of change, but rather that management would be well advised to give due consideration to both factors when planning and implementing change.

Social implications

The implications outlined above apply to a wide range of change initiatives, including the implementation of major social and economic programmes.

Originality/value

This paper adds to existing knowledge in the area of RTC, showing that employee attitudes towards the change is a key mediating mechanism through which OC may help to reduce resistance.
Signaling theory and applicant attraction outcomes
Authors: Celani Anthony , Singh Parbudyal
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to discuss the application of a multi‐level perspective to signaling theory in a recruitment context. Then to discuss how the integration of signaling theory and the social identity approach may provide an improved understanding of the associations between an organization's recruitment activities and applicant attraction outcomes. The paper, first, summarizes the existing research and theoretical developments pertaining to signaling theory, multi‐level theory, and the social identity approach. From this literature a theoretical model from which research propositions are developed is suggested.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a literature review, within recruitment contexts, on signaling theory, the association between market signals and applicant attraction outcomes, and the integration of signaling, social identity, and self‐categorization theories as a theoretical foundation for research propositions.

Findings

Despite widespread acceptance of signaling theory in recruitment research, surprisingly little is known about the boundary conditions in the association between an organization's recruitment activities and applicant attraction outcomes.

Practical implications

A greater understanding of the application of signaling theory will enable managers to design and administer recruitment activities and processes in order to improve applicant attraction to recruiting organizations.

Originality/value

This paper fills a void in the recruitment literature by integrating signaling theory, social identity theory, and self‐categorization theory and providing avenues for future work.
HRM practices and organizational performance in Oman
Authors: Moideenkutty Unnikammu , Al‐Lamki Asya , Sree Rama Murthy Y.
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between high‐involvement human resource management practices and organizational performance in the Sultanate of Oman, an Arabian Gulf country.

Design/methodology/approach

Companies listed in the Muscat Securities Market in the Sultanate of Oman were surveyed. The final sample consisted of 87 companies. Survey responses were subjected to statistical analysis. Financial measures of organizational performance were also used in the analysis for a subset of the sample for which these data were available.

Findings

Results of the statistical analysis indicated that, after controlling for size, type of firm (publicly traded or closely held) and average industry price‐earnings ratio, high involvement human resource management practices were positively related to subjective organizational performance and an objective measure of performance, ratio of market value to book value.

Research limitations/implications

Research limitations include measuring high‐involvement HRM practices and subjective organizational performance from the same source, assuming that HRM practices are uniform across organizational levels and using a composite measure of high‐involvement HRM practices. Future research should address these limitations.

Practical implications

The results of the study suggest that organizations in the Arabian Gulf can enhance their performance by implementing high‐involvement HRM practices in spite of the unique national culture and special features of the labour market in the region.

Originality/value

To the best of one's knowledge, this is the first study of high‐involvement HRM practices and organizational performance in the Arabian Gulf using both subjective and objective measures of organizational performance. Unlike other studies on HRM in Oman, this study was based on data collected from private‐sector organizations.
A model of older workers' intentions to continue working
Authors: Shacklock Kate , Brunetto Yvonne
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This study aims to conceptualise the notion of “older workers' intentions to continue paid working” (OWICW) and to validate a scale for measuring the impact of work‐related factors on older workers' intentions to continue in employment.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical framework for this investigation was the meaning of working (MOW) model. The study uses a cross‐sectional, survey‐based, self‐report strategy to gather data.

Findings

The findings were that OWICW is a function not only of factors previously tested (health and financial factors), but also of four work‐related variables – the importance of working to the individual, the flexibility of working arrangements, the individual's interests outside of work, plus management and organisational factors (such as supervision, bureaucracy and the work environment).

Practical implications

The implications of these findings include providing a framework to begin addressing the challenge of retaining valued older workers so as to attend to the growing shortage of labour across OECD countries.

Originality/value

This paper extends the Meaning of Work model to explain the impact of work‐related factors on the intentions of older workers to continue in employment, and at the individual level of analysis.
The stakeholder university as learning model of the extended enterprise
Authors: Margherita Alessandro , Secundo Giustina
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need for a new corporate learning archetype in the extended enterprise scenario and to present the stakeholder university as a suitable model oriented to create value for a large number of business and non‐business actors.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual development is integrated with field studies to describe the distinguishing features of the stakeholder university and provide a cross‐discussion with the extended enterprise concept.

Findings

The stakeholder university is characterized by large focus, extended scope, and rich interconnection, which address in a comprehensive manner the needs and expectations of the resource base, industry/market and socio‐political stakeholders of the extended enterprise.

Research limitations/implications

The topics investigated are mostly relevant for large international companies. Besides, further discussions are needed to validate the links between business models, organizational configurations and human capital development processes.

Practical implications

The discussion proposed can be useful for managers involved in the design and development of high‐impact and large‐scope human resource management initiatives.

Originality/value

The value of the article stays in the creation of a conceptual link between the business role of enterprise stakeholders and the requirements existing in terms of co‐developing intangible assets.
Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hai , Mohamed Sherif
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership behaviors and knowledge management (KM) practices. More specifically, it aims to examine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors on KM, and the moderating effect of organizational culture on this relationship, in the context of small‐to‐medium sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of four hypotheses were proposed for testing. It also provides is a succinct review of KM basics relevant to the study, the relationship between leadership and KM, and leadership and organizational culture.

Findings

The results suggest that both transformational and transactional leadership are positively related to KM practices. They also reveal that charismatic leadership and contingent reward leadership behaviors have greater influence on all the dimensions of KM practices.

Research limitations/implications

A key limitation of this study is its cross‐sectional nature. It is possible that at least certain aspects of leadership and organizational culture, and its impact on KM practices emerge with some kind of time lag. A longitudinal treatment of data might yield additional insights into the impact of leadership behaviors and organizational culture. This study was also unable to actually observe managers interacting with followers.

Practical implications

The results of the study are generally consistent with theoretical predictions based on extant research.

Originality/value

The results of this study provide compelling evidence in support of the moderating role of organizational culture on the relationship between transactional leadership and KM and will be of interest to those in the field.
Creativity as social and spatial process
Authors: Sailer Kerstin
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper seeks to argue that creativity in the workplace is a very complex construct that is difficult to measure not only in its own right, but also in its interrelation with physical space. Since creativity is a social process, this paper aims to suggest studying interaction patterns as a fundamental feature of creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the literature, two criteria for creativity in workplaces were developed: spaces for chance encounters with people from different teams; and a balance of spaces for communication and concentration. Using a mixed‐methods research design, a UK media company was studied before and after a relocation and refurbishment project in 2007‐2008. The case study included structured interviews, satisfaction surveys, social network surveys, space observations, and a Space Syntax analysis of floor plans.

Findings

The paper showed that only the first criterion was successfully met in the media company studied, and that the pressure on the industry inhibited the full implementation of the second.

Research limitations/implications

Owing to the nature of the research results cannot be generalised. The relationship between creativity, interaction and space requires further investigation.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the need to balance spaces for communication and concentration, as well as the importance of bringing people together to enhance creativity. This knowledge may be useful for workplace professionals in design, architecture and facility management.

Originality/value

The paper presents a valuable data set comparing one organisation in a pre‐post research design, where the impact of spatial changes on working processes can be monitored. It combines innovative approaches normally used in separation.
Environments for successful interaction
Authors: Oseland Nigel , Marmot Alexi , Swaffer Felicity , Ceneda Sophia
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to share recent research to inform the design and facility management community on how to design and operate offices that enhance interaction, creativity and ultimately innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

A two‐year applied research project was conducted which involved a literature review followed by field studies. Surveys conducted in the offices of five diverse organisations piloted new methods for investigating interaction, termed WorkWareCONNECT.

Findings

Key findings include: more meetings occur in office buildings with more meeting space; on average meeting rooms are used 37 per cent of the time; the quantity and quality of space is important but does not overcome organisational factors; much creative thought takes place alone.

Research limitations/implications

Conducting fieldwork in the real world has its limitations. For example, only five organisations were surveyed and therefore the results may be considered by some not to be representative. However, the paper considers that the data collected in real offices are realistic and valid.

Practical implications

The research resulted in a calculator for determining meeting room numbers and sizes, a system for prescribing the best media for interaction, design guidelines for interaction spaces, and guidance on the etiquette of successful meetings.

Social implications

In the current economic climate many organisations focus on reducing costs and under‐cutting competitors. However, it is innovation that gives businesses a competitive edge and innovation starts with good interaction and creativity.

Originality/value

The recommendations are drawn from both the design and management communities. The research has resulted in practical advice to facilities managers, designers and the business heads.
Creative workplace: instrumental and symbolic support for creativity
Authors: Martens Yuri
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the relationship between the physical workplace and creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper summarises literature from business management, psychology, environmental psychology and facility management to define creativity, creative process and determinants of creativity, and their subsequent relations with the physical workplace. It describes a set of interviews with creative professionals on their understanding of the creative workplace.

Findings

The review of the literature reveals knowledge gaps and fragmentation in research about the relation between creativity and the physical workplace. The interviews provide further insight into the relationship between creativity and the physical workplace, showing its plurality and complexity.

Originality/value

Most of the literature about creativity and physical workplace reports on supporting communication. Creativity research is broad and recognises culture, process and activities as creative thinking and moments of insight, which can be supported with the physical workplace.
Urbanising facilities management: the challenges in a creative age
Authors: Lilliendahl Larsen Jan , Elle Morten , Hoffmann Birgitte , Munthe‐Kaas Peter
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the challenge of the creative economy for FM practice and research. It seeks to do so by comparing developments in FM with developments in the related discipline of urban planning.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on a comprehensive literature review as well as action research in relation to urban planning.

Findings

The growth of the creative economy has meant a close connection between corporate and urban development. This means that FM, in order to facilitate creative environments, can find inspiration from trends in urban planning, and look at the urban context as a part of its facilities. However, including the urban context in FM, and studying it, comes with possibilities as well as challenges. FM needs what is called a thematic as well as epistemological “urbanisation” in order to recognise creative and social possibilities and needs.

Research limitations/implications

Whereas the research is thoroughly founded in urban and social theory and sketches out important considerations in establishing an urbanised research agenda for FM, it does not include all recent developments within subjects such as new ways of working, place design and management.

Practical implications

The urban perspectives unfolded show avenues of development regarding both strategic considerations for place design and necessities of and possibilities in corporate social responsibility within FM through community and research collaboration.

Social implications

The paper provides ideas of how an urbanised FM can play an active role in creating a positive change of neighbourhoods at the same time as facilitating a creative development for corporations.

Originality/value

In relation to community‐based FM, the possible interaction between FM and the urban context has been discussed from an FM point of view. This paper brings this discussion a step further: it illustrates how urban planning knowledge holds the potential for a further social and urban development of FM research and practice in a creative economy.
By his works ye shall know him (Matthew 7:16)
Authors: Crosier Keith
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to celebrate the remarkable work of the late Emeritus Professor Michael J. Thomas, as Editor of Marketing Intelligence & Planning (MIP ) over 21 years, and Founding Editor in perpetuity.

Design/methodology/approach

His long‐time Assistant Editor and eventual successor trawls the back issues and plumbs the depths of his own memory, to formalise the story of the man and his creation.

Findings

The undoubted success of MIP, at the time of the editorial handover the third‐most downloaded title in Emerald's massive stable, was entirely attributable to the work of its Founding Editor: his clear vision of an academic journal that was applicable to the real work of intelligence gathering and strategy planning; his extensive personal networks, his professional status, and the sheer force of his personality.

Practical implications

In the overheated current climate of academic research and publication, more journals should consider the merits of editorial prerogative as a precursor to formal double‐blind reviewing in the acceptance process. A strong and focused Editor is a prerequisite, of course.

Originality/value

The paper celebrates the history of MIP and, in the process, the life of Michael Thomas.
Critical vision in a challenged world
Authors: Hastings Gerard , Sugden Roger , Grindle Mark
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The financial crisis demands that we in the business academy raise our game: we either caused it by training the generation of “greed is good” MBAs who designed those financial instruments of mass destruction, or failed to prevent it by not equipping them with appropriate caution and ethical standards. In short, we are either complicit or irrelevant. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Michael Thomas anticipated both the causes and the lessons of the financial crisis, and made a robust call for change long before this became a mainstream concern.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discusses the work and ideas of Michael Thomas in the context of the current financial crisis.

Findings

The paper concludes that we can respond to Michael Thomas' vision with a combination of muscular game keeping and intelligent poaching.

Practical implications

Michael Thomas's thinking has profound implications not just for marketing but the whole business sector. The newly established Stirling Institute for Socio‐Management (SISM) is responding to his call to look critically at current business models and completely reengineer our processes and procedures. SISM also argues that lessons learnt about influencing consumer behaviour can be applied to other parts of life such as social and health behaviours.

Originality/value

The paper highlights Michael Thomas's notions of a new, “social capitalism” founded on trust and transparency.
Marketing empowerment and exclusion in the information age
Authors: Saren Michael
Published: January 2011

Purpose

This paper aims to look back at Michael Thomas' 1999 thesis regarding the impact on marketing of the information age. In his view, the information revolution of “e‐commerce” and computer‐mediated markets removes distance as a barrier between buyer and sellers, which could empower or exclude consumers. This paper re‐considers Thomas' assessment and explores how the IT revolution has transformed, or not, relations between consumers and other “actors” in the marketplace.

Design/methodology/approach

This is conceptual paper that draws on literature and secondary sources to explore and evaluate the topic.

Findings

The dynamic and intertwined effects of any technology are notoriously difficult to determine and therefore the goal of this paper is to identify the empowering or exclusionary effects of IT on marketing is shown to be an ambitious one. On the basis of this review, we can conclude however that Thomas was correct in anticipating in 1999 that more and more of marketing interactions would become computer‐based. Its precise effects however are less clear. On the one hand, there are both elements of empowerment as well as exclusionary effects that have followed, but on the other hand, neither the direction of the trend, nor the precise nature of the effects, is clear as yet.

Research limitations/implications

One implication relates to research on internet communications which has highlighted the potential freedom of access and social anonymity that the internet provides. For example, some researchers have emphasised potential of cyberspace and identity‐play as escape routes from the physical, social and cultural constrictions of gender. However, other research indicates that, as with other technologies, the internet is embedded in social structures and cultural processes that can never be neutral.

Originality/value

This paper provides a review of relevant literature and empirical research. It identifies and evaluates four types of effects that IT has on marketing and consumers and considers the extent to which these have been empowering or exclusionary.
Marketing responsibility in an era of economic and climactic challenge
Authors: Borland Helen , Paliwoda Stan
Published: January 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate Michael Thomas's concept of civic professionalism and social trusteeship as a future alternative to the current marketing profession's code of conduct and to put this in the context of climate change and ecological sustainability as a model for firms everywhere.

Design/methodology/approach

Review of the marketing profession's responsibility towards society, communities and the ecology of the planet in the twenty‐first century in the light of climate change.

Findings

The hypothesis for the paper emerges as: whether it is possible for Chinese firms to embrace the needs of twenty‐first century global ecological sustainability in meeting their own economic requirements for development and financial prosperity.

Research limitations/implications

Limited secondary research and primary research that is also limited in terms of scope.

Practical implications

As we move into an era of Chinese economic supremacy, we marketers must face up to the responsibility we have towards balancing the progression of global economic development (and selling goods and services in global market systems) with our responsibility towards our cultural systems and the global ecological system (the global ecosystem), the home of all our economic wealth.

Social implications

To extrapolate lessons and opportunities for firms from developing economies as they move towards global domination of world economic markets and, suggest strategies for sustainability that they can, and should, adopt.

Originality/value

The paper presents a theoretical framework for a global strategy for sustainability, and provides a vision of marketing responsibility that embraces civic professionalism, social trusteeship and a strategy for sustainability.