bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caregiving experiences of informal caregivers of adult stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Schaefer Ashley B. , Palokas Michelle
Published: January 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on the caregiving experiences of informal caregivers of adult stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction:

The functional and health outcomes of stroke patients are directly impacted by the mental and physical well-being of the patient’s informal caregiver, which have been negatively affected by COVID-19 due to a lack of caregiver education and competency in caring for stroke patients. Therefore, improvement of the informal caregiver experience will preserve the stroke survivor–caregiver relationship and the care goals of stroke patients.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider qualitative studies focusing on the experiences of informal caregivers of adult stroke patients during COVID-19. Only informal caregivers will be included, defined as individuals of any age, gender, or culture who provide care, typically unpaid, to someone with whom they have a personal relationship (ie, family or friend). Studies conducted in inpatient settings, rehabilitation settings, community care settings, or home care settings will be considered.

Methods:

The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, and the American Heart Association. Studies published from 2019 to the present will be considered and data synthesis will be conducted using the meta-aggregation approach. Confidence in the findings will be assessed using the ConQual approach.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022326666
A Method of Evaluating the Driving Force and Stresses During Tube Die Expansion
Authors: Zhao Zijian , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Zhu Linbo
Published: January 2023

In this study, an analytical approach based on the energy method is used to estimate the force required to expand tubes with different die shapes. The proposed method calculates the driving force using the energy of deformation and the energy produced by friction. The new approach greatly reduces the difficulty of the analysis and simplifies the calculation. The stress distribution in the transition zone is also estimated using an analytical approach based on a self-adaption of the stress–strain curve. The approach is validated using four different numerical axisymmetric finite element models with different sizes, materials, and die shapes subjected to push and pull die expansion. Additionally, stainless steel and copper 3/8 in. tubes have been expanded with a prolate spheroid (oval) die in an experimental test bench under the two conditions of push and pull. The tangential and longitudinal strains and driving forces are monitored and recorded during the expansion process. Finally, the results from the three approaches show a very good agreement.
Soil biodiversity needs policy without borders
Authors: van der Putten Wim H. , Bardgett Richard D. , Farfan Monica , Montanarella Luca , Six Johan , Wall Diana H.
Published: January 2023

Soil health laws should account for global soil connections
Machine learning–aided real-time detection of keyhole pore generation in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Ren Zhongshu , Gao Lin , Clark Samuel J. , Fezzaa Kamel , Shevchenko Pavel , Choi Ann , Everhart Wes , Rollett Anthony D. , Chen Lianyi , Sun Tao
Published: January 2023

Porosity defects are currently a major factor that hinders the widespread adoption of laser-based metal additive manufacturing technologies. One common porosity occurs when an unstable vapor depression zone (keyhole) forms because of excess laser energy input. With simultaneous high-speed synchrotron x-ray imaging and thermal imaging, coupled with multiphysics simulations, we discovered two types of keyhole oscillation in laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V. Amplifying this understanding with machine learning, we developed an approach for detecting the stochastic keyhole porosity generation events with submillisecond temporal resolution and near-perfect prediction rate. The highly accurate data labeling enabled by operando x-ray imaging allowed us to demonstrate a facile and practical way to adopt our approach in commercial systems.
Wastewater surveillance for public health
Authors: Levy Joshua I. , Andersen Kristian G. , Knight Rob , Karthikeyan Smruthi
Published: January 2023

Wastewater contains information on pathogen spread, evolution, and outbreak risk
Virus hunters test new surveillance tools
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2023

Ropes, drones, insects, and dust cloths could make monitoring faster, safer, and cheaper
In Vitro
Activity of Ceftibuten-Avibactam against β-Lactamase-Positive Enterobacterales from the ATLAS Global Surveillance Program
Authors: Karlowsky James A. , Hackel Meredith A. , Stone Gregory G. , Sahm Daniel F.
Published: January 2023

Ceftibuten is an established, oral, third-generation cephalosporin in early clinical development in combination with an oral prodrug of avibactam for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis. We evaluated the
in vitro
activity of ceftibuten-avibactam against 1,165 Enterobacterales isolates selected from the 2016–2020 ATLAS global surveillance program based upon their β-lactamase genotype, β-lactam-susceptible phenotype, species identification, and specimen source (95.8% urine).
Type III Secretion System Repressor RhpR Induces GrlP, a Glycine-Rich Outer Membrane Lipoprotein with Functions in Regulating the Periplasmic Space and Pleiotropic Responses
Authors: Li Kun , Liao Chancan , Wang Tingting , Song Liyang , Deng Xin , Yan Wei , Fang Rongxiang , Jia Yantao , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2023

The OM of Gram-negative bacteria is the most front line in contact with extracellular milieu. OM is not only a protective layer, but also a structure that determines the envelope stiffness.
A Novel Whole-Cell Biosensor for Bioavailable Antimonite in Water and Sediments
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Ye Li , Jing Chuanyong
Published: January 2023

Antimony (Sb) is a redox-sensitive pollutant ubiquitous in the environment. Sb(III) is dominant in the subsurface and is readily oxidized to less toxic Sb(V) upon exposure to air, and therefore, on-site Sb speciation analysis is essential to evaluate its bioavailability and toxicity.
A Class IV Adenylate Cyclase, CyaB, Is Required for Capsule Polysaccharide Production and Biofilm Formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Regmi A. , Tague J. G. , Boas Lichty K. E. , Boyd E. F.
Published: January 2023

Here, we characterized the roles of CRP and CyaA in
V. parahaemolyticus
, showing that cAMP-CRP is an activator of metabolism, motility, capsule production, and biofilm formation. These results are in contrast to cAMP-CRP in
V. cholerae
, which represses capsule and biofilm formation.
High Levels of Extracellular Potassium Can Delay Myxoma Virus Replication by Preventing Release of Virions from the Endosomes
Authors: Curtsinger Heather D. , Zeng Xianyi , Mather Zaira , Ballyk Mary , Phan Tuan Anh , Niu Ben , Pu Jing , Bartee Mee Y. , Tian Jianjun Paul , Bartee Eric
Published: January 2023

Intracellular K
+
homeostasis has been shown to play a major role in the replication of numerous viral families. However, the potential impact of altered extracellular K
+
concentrations is less well understood.
Interleukin-27 Promotes Divergent Effects on HIV-1 Infection in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells through BST-2/Tetherin
Authors: Temerozo Jairo R. , Ferreira Pedro L. C. , Linhares-Lacerda Leandra , Vieira Rhaíssa C. , Cister-Alves Bruno , Gobbo Livia , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Menna-Barreto Rubem F. S. , Bou-Habib Dumith Chequer
Published: January 2023

Here, we describe new findings related to the ability of the cytokine IL-27 to regulate the growth of HIV-1 in CD4
+
T lymphocytes. IL-27 has long been considered a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, a notion based on several reports showing that this cytokine controls HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells.
The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Enhances the Immune Responses to the RSV F Protein in an Enveloped Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate
Authors: McGinnes Cullen Lori , Luo Bin , Wen Zhiyun , Zhang Lan , Durr Eberhard , Morrison Trudy G.
Published: January 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in significant disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Thus, development of an effective vaccine for these populations is a priority.
Phosphorylation of VP1 Mediated by CDK1-Cyclin B1 Facilitates Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Replication
Authors: Hu Xifeng , Chen Zheng , Wu Xiangdong , Ding Zhen , Huang Yu , Fu Qiuling , Chen Zhen , Wu Huansheng
Published: January 2023

Infectious bursal disease virus still poses a great economic threat to the global poultry farming industry. Detailed information on the steps of viral genome replication is essential for the development of antiviral therapeutics.
Structural Analyses of a Dominant Cryptosporidium parvum Epitope Presented by H-2K
b
Offer New Options To Combat Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Wang Yongli , Gao Minghui , Li Xiaoying , Zhu Wenshuai , Zhao Mengchun , Li Jiayue , Liu Xiaomeng , Cao Letian , Li Songrui , Zhang Sumei , Zhang Longxian , Fan Shuhua
Published: January 2023

Adaptive immune responses and T lymphocytes have been implicated as important mechanisms of parasite-induced protection. However, the role of CD8
+
T lymphocytes in the resolution of
C. parvum
infection is largely unresolved.
Discovery and Characterization of Polymyxin-Resistance Genes
pmrE
and
pmrF
from Sediment and Seawater Microbiome
Authors: Joo Hwanjin , Eom Hyunuk , Cho Youna , Rho Mina , Song Woon Ju
Published: January 2023

Polymyxins are one of the last-resort antibiotics. Polymyxin resistance is a severe threat to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Identification and Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Farmed American Bullfrogs (
Rana catesbeiana
)
Authors: Lin Han , Ma Jie , Sun Jingyang , Qin Zhendong , Jiang Biao , Li Wei , Wang Qing , Su Youlu , Lin Li , Liu Chun
Published: January 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is recognized as the most common multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen in humans, and little is known about its pathogenicity in aquatic animals. Recently,
K. pneumoniae
was found to cause substantial mortality and morbidity in American farm frogs.
PPNet: Identifying Functional Association Networks by Phylogenetic Profiling of Prokaryotic Genomes
Authors: Li Yangjie , Ma Bin , Hua Kexin , Gong Huimin , He Rongrong , Luo Rui , Bi Dingren , Zhou Rui , Langford Paul R. , Jin Hui
Published: January 2023

This study developed PPNet, the first tool that can be used to infer large-scale bacterial functional association networks of a single species. PPNet includes a method for assigning the uniqueness of a bacterial strain using the average nucleotide identity and the average nucleotide coverage.
PfSET2 Is Involved in Genome Organization of
Var
Gene Family in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Cao Xuan , Wen Yuhao , Li Ying , Ma Xuying , Jing Qingqing , Jiang Lubin , Wei Gang
Published: January 2023

PfSET2 has been reported to play key role in silencing
var
genes in
Plasmodium falciparum
, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that PfSET2 is essential to maintain 3D genome organization of heterochromatin region to keep
var
genes in transcription repressive state. These findings can contribute better understanding of the regulation of high-order chromatin structure in
P. falciparum
.
Hidden Resistances: How Routine Whole-Genome Sequencing Uncovered an Otherwise Undetected
bla
NDM-1
Gene in Vibrio alginolyticus from Imported Seafood
Authors: Morris Jacqueline M. , Mercoulia Karolina , Valcanis Mary , Gorrie Claire L. , Sherry Norelle L. , Howden Benjamin P.
Published: January 2023

Carbapenems are last-line antimicrobials, vital for use in human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance determinants such as
bla
NDM
(New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase producing) genes conferring resistance to the carbapenem class of antimicrobials, are typically found in
Enterobacterales
(first described in 2009 from a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate).
Subcellular Distribution of BALF2 and the Role of Rab1 in the Formation of Epstein-Barr Virus Cytoplasmic Assembly Compartment and Virion Release
Authors: Chao Tsung-Yu , Cheng Yi-Ying , Wang Zi-Yun , Fang Tien-Fang , Chang Yu-Ruei , Fuh Chi-Shane , Su Mei-Tzu , Su Yuan-Wei , Hsu Pang-Hung , Su Yu-Chen , Chang Yu-Ching , Lee Ting-Yau , Chou Wei-Han , Middeldorp Jaap M. , Saraste Jaakko , Chen Mei-Ru
Published: January 2023

Upon EBV lytic reactivation, the virus-encoded DNA replication machinery functions in the nucleus, while the newly synthesized DNA is encapsidated and transported to the cytoplasm for final virus assembly. The single-stranded DNA binding protein BALF2 executing functions within the nucleus was also identified in the tegument layer of mature virions.
Supplemental Material: Mantle serpentinization and associated hydrogen flux at North Atlantic magma-poor rifted margins
Authors: Liu Zhonglan , al. et
Published: January 2023

Detailed information on the model formulation and setup. 
Delayed finding of congenital duodenal obstruction following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair
Authors: Bethell George S , Fouad Dina , Ogundipe Enitan , Choudhry Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is encountered in just under 1 in 6000 live births, while congenital duodenal obstruction is seen once every 8000 live births. These congenital anomalies have only been reported together as part of the VACTERL syndrome and therefore in isolation represent an incredibly rare occurrence. This is a case report of a girl born at 34 weeks gestation who had an antenatal diagnosis of left CDH. Five days following operative repair of this, there was extensive pneumoperitoneum and pneumothorax. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed a perforation of the duodenum and at laparotomy, a duodenal web was found in the fourth part of the duodenum with perforation immediately proximal. Following duodenoduodenostomy, the postoperative recovery was good. She achieved full enteral feeds and was discharged home. This case highlights the importance of considering rare associations if postoperative recovery is not as expected to prevent delay in undergoing definitive treatment.
TXNIPDNA methylation is associated with glycemic control over 28 years in type 1 diabetes: findings from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study
Authors: Miller Rachel G , Mychaleckyj Josyf C , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Orchard Trevor J , Costacou Tina
Published: January 2023

Introduction

DNA methylation (DNAme) has been cross-sectionally associated with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the general population. However, longitudinal data and data in type 1 diabetes are currently very limited. Thus, we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in an observational type 1 diabetes cohort to identify loci with DNAme associated with concurrent and future HbA1cs, as well as other clinical risk factors, over 28 years.

Research design and methods

Whole blood DNAme in 683 597 CpGs was analyzed in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study of childhood onset (<17 years) type 1 diabetes (n=411). An EWAS of DNAme beta values and concurrent HbA1c was performed using linear models adjusted for diabetes duration, sex, pack years of smoking, estimated cell type composition variables, and technical/batch covariates. A longitudinal EWAS of subsequent repeated HbA1c measures was performed using mixed models. We further identified methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) for significant CpGs and conducted a Mendelian randomization.

Results

DNAme at cg19693031 (Chr 1,Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein(TXNIP)) and cg21534330 (Chr 17,Casein Kinase 1 Isoform Delta) was significantly inversely associated with concurrent HbA1c. In longitudinal analyses, hypomethylation of cg19693031 was associated with consistently higher HbA1c over 28 years, and with higher triglycerides, pulse rate, and albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) independently of HbA1c. We further identified 34 meQTLs inSLC2A1/SLC2A1-AS1significantly associated with cg19693031 DNAme.

Conclusions

Our results extend prior findings thatTXNIPhypomethylation relates to worse glycemic control in type 1 diabetes by demonstrating the association persists over the long term. Additionally, the associations with triglycerides, pulse rate, and ACR suggestTXNIPDNAme could play a role in vascular damage independent of HbA1c. These findings strengthen potential for interventions targeting TXNIP to improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes through its role inSLC2A1/glucose transporter 1-mediated glucose regulation.
Effect of polyphenol compounds onHelicobacter pylorieradication: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuxiang , Yao Chengjiao , Li Yilin , Luo Lihong , Xie Fengjiao , Xiong Qin , Feng Peimin
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Polyphenol compounds are classified as organic compounds with phenolic units exhibiting a variety of biological functions. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of polyphenol compounds (curcumin, cranberry, garlic, liquorice and broccoli) in eradicatingHelicobacter pylori.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Wan Fang database from inception to January 2022. All randomised controlled trials comparing polyphenol compounds with the placebo or used as an adjunct treatment are included in this meta-analysis.The treatment effect for dichotomous outcomes was assessed using risk ratio (RR), while for continuous outcomes, mean differences both with 95% CIs, were used. Subgroup analyses were carried out for different treatment schemes and polyphenol compound species.

Results

12 trials were included in the meta-analysis. The total eradication rate ofH.pyloriin the polyphenol compounds group was higher than in the group without polyphenol compounds. Statistical significance was also observed (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38, p=0.02). The most frequent adverse effects of polyphenol compounds included diarrhoea, headache and vomiting. However, there were no differences regarding side effects between the two groups (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.58, p=0.18). In subgroup analyses, theH.pylorieradication rate regimens with polyphenols therapy was superior to that of regimens without polyphenols therapy in the polyphenols versus placebo subgroup (RR 4.23, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.95, p=0.01), polyphenols plus triple therapy versus triple therapy subgroup (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22, p=0.03).

Conclusion

Polyphenol compounds can improveH.pylorieradication rates. Polyphenol compounds plus standard triple therapy can significantly improve the eradication. However, no evidence of a higher incidence of side effects could be found.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022307477.
Face masks while exercising trial (MERIT): a cross-over randomised controlled study
Authors: Jones Nicholas , Oke Jason , Marsh Seren , Nikbin Kurosh , Bowley Jonathan , Dijkstra H Paul , Hobbs FD Richard , Greenhalgh Trisha
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Physical exertion is a high-risk activity for aerosol emission of respiratory pathogens. We aimed to determine the safety and tolerability of healthy young adults wearing different types of face mask during moderate-to-high intensity exercise.

Design

Cross-over randomised controlled study, completed between June 2021 and January 2022.

Participants

Volunteers aged 18–35 years, who exercised regularly and had no significant pre-existing health conditions.

Interventions

Comparison of wearing a surgical, cloth and filtering face piece (FFP3) mask to no mask during 4×15 min bouts of exercise. Exercise was running outdoors or indoor rowing at moderate-to-high intensity, with consistency of distance travelled between bouts confirmed using a smartphone application (Strava). Each participant completed each bout in random order.

Outcomes

The primary outcome was change in oxygen saturations. Secondary outcomes were change in heart rate, perceived impact of face mask wearing during exercise and willingness to wear a face mask for future exercise.

Results

All 72 volunteers (mean age 23.9) completed the study. Changes in oxygen saturations did not exceed the prespecified non-inferiority margin (2% difference) with any mask type compared with no mask. At the end of exercise, the estimated average difference in oxygen saturations for cloth mask was −0.07% (95% CI −0.39% to 0.25%), for surgical 0.28% (−0.04% to 0.60%) and for FFP3 −0.21% (−0.53% to 0.11%). The corresponding estimated average difference in heart rate for cloth mask was −1.20 bpm (95% CI −4.56 to 2.15), for surgical 0.36 bpm (95% CI −3.01 to 3.73) and for FFP3 0.52 bpm (95% CI −2.85 to 3.89). Wearing a face mask caused additional symptoms such as breathlessness (n=13, 18%) and dizziness (n=7, 10%). 33 participants broadly supported face mask wearing during exercise, particularly indoors, but 22 were opposed.

Conclusion

This study adds to previous findings (mostly from non-randomised studies) that exercising at moderate-to-high intensity wearing a face mask appears to be safe in healthy, young adults.

Trial registration number

NCT04932226
Explaining the negative effects of patient participation in patient safety: an exploratory qualitative study in an academic tertiary healthcare centre in the Netherlands
Authors: Van der Voorden Michael , Ahaus Kees , Franx Arie
Published: January 2023

Objective

Although previous studies largely emphasize the positive effects of patient participation in patient safety, negative effects have also been observed. This study focuses on bringing together the separate negative effects that have been previously reported in the literature. This study set out to uncover how these negative effects manifest themselves in practice within an obstetrics department.

Design

An exploratory qualitative interview study with 16 in-depth semistructured interviews. The information contained in the interviews was deductively analysed.

Setting

The study was conducted in one tertiary academic healthcare centre in the Netherlands.

Participants

Patients (N=8) and professionals (N=8) from an obstetrics department.

Results

The results of this study indicate that patient participation in patient safety comes in five different forms. Linked to these different forms, four negative effects of patient participation in patient safety were identified. These can be summarised as follows: patients’ confidence decreases, the patient–professional relationship can be negatively affected, more responsibility can be demanded of the patient than they wish to accept and the professional has to spend additional time on a patient.

Conclusion

This study identifies and brings together four negative effects of patient participation in patient safety that have previously been individually identified elsewhere. In our interviews, there was a consensus among patients and professionals on five different forms of participation that would allow patients to positively participate in patient safety. Further studies should investigate ways to prevent and to mitigate the potential negative effects of patient participation.
Efficacy of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block on perioperative pain management in elderly patients undergoing hip surgical procedures: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Zheng Jianqiao , Du Li , Chen Guo , Zhang Lu , Deng Xiaoqian , Zhang Weiyi
Published: January 2023

Introduction

An increasing number of elderly patients suffer from hip diseases associated with moderate to severe perioperative pain during the accelerating global ageing process. Optimal analgesia can decrease perioperative complications and facilitate elderly patients’ perioperative recovery. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a relatively new, analgesia adequate and motor-sparing block technique for perioperative pain management of hip diseases. However, the efficacy of PENG block remains unclear as the limited clinical evidence. Then, we will perform a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of PENG block for perioperative pain management.

Methods and analysis

PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature, Wanfang and VIP databases will be searched from inception to August 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials of elderly patients accepting PENG block for hip diseases. The primary outcome will be the pain intensity after pain management. Secondary outcomes will be quadriceps strength, perioperative rescue analgesia information and perioperative complications. Assessment of heterogeneity will be primarily inspected by forest plots. If there is no indication of funnel plot asymmetry, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and trial sequential analysis will be conducted to evaluate the evidence quality and control the random errors. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression test will be performed to evaluate publication bias.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review protocol. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022313895
Nab-PIPAC: a phase IB study protocol of intraperitoneal cisplatin and nab-paclitaxel administered by pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in the treatment of advanced malignancies confined to the peritoneal cavity
Authors: Lang Noemie , Diciola Antonella , Labidi-Galy Intidhar , Ris Frédéric , Di Marco Mariagrazia , Mach Nicolas , Petignat Patrick , Toso Christian , Undurraga Manuela , Hubner Martin
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Intraperitoneal dissemination is a major problem resulting in very poor prognosis and a rapid marked deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an emergent laparoscopic procedure aiming to maximise local efficacy and to reduce systemic side effects.

Methods and analysis

Nab-PIPAC, a bicentre open-label phase IB, aims to evaluate safety of nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin association using in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastric, pancreatic or ovarian origin as ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy. Using a 3+3 design, sequential intraperitoneal laparoscopic application of nab-paclitaxel (7.5, 15, 25, 37.5, 52.5 and 70 mg/m2) and cisplatin (10.5 mg/m2) through a nebuliser to a high-pressure injector at ambient temperature with a maximal upstream pressure of 300 psi. Treatment maintained for 30 min at a pressure of 12 mm Hg and repeated4–6 weeks intervals for three courses total.

A total of 6–36 patients are expected, accrual is ongoing. Results are expected in 2024.

The primary objective of Nab-PIPAC trial is to assess tolerability and safety of nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin combination administered intraperitoneally by PIPAC in patients with PC of gastric, pancreatic or ovarian origin. This study will determine maximum tolerated dose and provide pharmacokinetic data.

Ethic and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committees of Geneva and Vaud (CCER-2018-01327). The study findings will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences and research meetings.

Trial registration number

NCT04000906.
Prevalence of secondary insults and outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury intubated in the prehospital setting: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Butterfield Michael , Bodnar Daniel , Williamson Frances , Parker Lachlan , Ryan Glenn
Published: January 2023

Background

Prehospital neuroprotective strategies aim to prevent secondary insults (SIs) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This includes haemodynamic optimisation in addition to oxygenation and ventilation targets achieved through rapid sequence intubation (RSI).

The primary aim was to report the incidence and prevalence of SIs (prolonged hypotension, prolonged hypoxia and hyperventilation) and outcomes of patients with TBI who were intubated in the prehospital setting.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of adult patients with TBI who underwent RSI by a metropolitan road-based service in South-East Queensland, Australia between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of any SI sustained. Prolonged SIs were defined as occurring for ≥5 min. The association between SIs and mortality was examined in multivariable logistic regression and reported with adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs.

Results

277 patients were included for analysis. Median ‘Head’ Abbreviated Injury Scale and Injury Severity Score were 4 (IQR: 3–5) and 26 (IQR: 17–34), respectively. Most episodes of prolonged hypotension and prolonged hypoxia were detected with the first patient contact on scene. Overall, 28-day mortality was 26%. Patients who sustained any SI had a higher mortality than those sustaining no SI (34.9% vs 14.7%, p<0.001). Prolonged hypoxia was an independent predictor of mortality (aOR 4.86 (95% CI 1.65 to 15.61)) but not prolonged hypotension (aOR 1.45 (95% CI 0.5 to 4.25)) or an end-tidal carbon dioxide <30 mm Hg on hospital arrival (aOR 1.28 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.21)).

Conclusion

SIs were common in the early phase of prehospital care. The association of prolonged hypoxia and mortality in TBI is potentially more significant than previously recognised, and if corrected early, may improve outcomes. There may be a greater role for bystander intervention in prevention of early hypoxic insult in TBI.
Gut commensalParabacteroides distasonisalleviates inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sun Haijian , Guo Yunke , Wang Haidan , Yin Ailing , Hu Jing , Yuan Tianjie , Zhou Shuxin , Xu Weichen , Wei Peng , Yin Shusheng , Liu Panru , Guo Xi , Tang Yizhao , Yan Yujiao , Luo Zichen , Wang Majie , Liang Qingqing , Wu Peng , Zhang Aifeng , Zhou Zhuxiu , Chen Yueyue , Li Yongming , Li Jing , Shan Jinjun , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2023

Objective

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely linked to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to identify potential probiotic gut microbes that can ameliorate the development of RA.

Design

Microbiota profiling in patients with RA and healthy individuals was investigated via 16S rDNA bacterial gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Collagen-induced arthritic mice and TNF-α transgenic mice were used to evaluate the roles of the gut commensalParabacteroides distasonisin RA. The effects ofP. distasonis-derived microbial metabolites on the differentiation of CD4+T cells and macrophage polarisation were also investigated.

Results

The relative abundance ofP. distasonisin new-onset patients with RA and patients with RA with history of the disease was downregulated and this decrease was negatively correlated with Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28). Oral treatment of arthritic mice with liveP. distasonis(LPD) considerably ameliorated RA pathogenesis. LPD-derived lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), isolithocholic acid (isoLCA) and 3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA) had similar and synergistic effects on the treatment of RA. In addition to directly inhibiting the differentiation of Th17 cells, 3-oxoLCA and isoLCA were identified as TGR5 agonists that promoted the M2 polarisation of macrophages. A specific synthetic inhibitor of bile salt hydrolase attenuated the antiarthritic effects of LPD by reducing the production of these four bile acids. The natural product ginsenoside Rg2 exhibited its anti-RA effects by promoting the growth ofP. distasonis.

Conclusions

P. distasonisand ginsenoside Rg2 might represent probiotic and prebiotic agents in the treatment of RA.
Clinical and genetic features of GATOR1 complex-associated epilepsy
Authors: Yin Kaili , Lei Xingxing , Yan Zhaofen , Yang Yujiao , Deng Qinqin , Lu Qiang , Zhang Xue , Wang Mengyang , Liu Qing
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To analyse the prevalence of pathogenic variants inDEPDC5,NPRL2andNPRL3that encode the GATOR1 (GTPase-activating protein towards the Rags 1) complex, a modulator in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and to define the characteristics of GATOR1-associated epilepsy.

Methods

Clinical details and whole-exome sequencing data of 170 novel probands with lesional or non-lesional epilepsy were retrieved. Candidate variants in GATOR1 genes were verified by Sanger sequencing, and cosegregate analysis was performed. The pathogenicity of variants and their effect on mTOR signalling were investigated.

Results

Two novel frameshift variants and one recurrent nonsense variant were detected inDEPDC5, with a prevalence of 1.8% (3 out of 170) in the whole cohort and 3.1% (3 out of 97) in focal epilepsies. These variants cosegregated in pedigrees with epilepsy, respectively. Rare missense variants inNPRL2andNPRL3did not segregate with epilepsy in families, respectively. Epileptic phenotypes of 21 patients withDEPDC5variants showed focal seizures with non-lesional variable foci that were predominantly sleep-related, with a median onset age of 10 years (range 1–30). Seizure outcome was variable. About 24% of patients were drug-resistant, and seizure attacks were absent in 33% of variant carriers. Of 13 patients who experienced seizures, 54% tended to resolve spontaneously. Functional assessments showed that the three variants affectedDEPDC5expression. These loss-of-function (LoF) variants affected theDEPDC5-dependent inhibition of mTOR.

Conclusions

Patients carryingDEPDC5-LoF variants might show a high prevalence of focal seizures with a dynamic phenotype, indicating reduced penetrance and self-resolving features. The associated epilepsy was caused by loss of inhibition of the mTOR pathway. The pathogenicity of missense variants in GATOR1 genes should be cautiously evaluated.
Community assembly of prairie farm ponds: build it and they will come, stock it and they won't
Authors: Pfaff Peter J. , Hase Kristen J. , Gido Keith B.
Published: January 2023

Dam construction affects freshwater ecosystems worldwide. While there is much focus on large impoundments, farm ponds are overlooked despite their near-ubiquity across human-altered landscapes. Within the Great Plains of North America, there are millions of farm ponds, yet little is known about the fish communities and factors structuring them. We propose a conceptual model where fish, amphibian, and crayfish abundances differ along a pond size and water permanency gradient and are further influenced by interactions among species. In the summer of 2021, we sampled 100 farm ponds across central Kansas, primarily on private land. Pond size and permanency explained community structure with smaller and less permanent ponds being dominated by amphibians and crayfish while larger ponds were dominated by stocked sportfish. Distribution modeling revealed a negative correlation between stocked fish and other community components indicating potential interactions. If we are to conserve headwater stream species, especially those that are threatened or endangered, strategies that integrate farm ponds seem necessary given their prevalence on the landscape.
Cloning and function study of PsMYB2 transcription factor of Potentilla sericea under cadmium stress
Authors: Gao Bing , Fan Weifang , Feng Zhenghong , Gao Pengfei , Wu Jianhui
Published: January 2023

In this study, PsMYB2 was successfully cloned using cDNA from Potentilla sericea as a template. It was used to construct the plant overexpression vector pBI121- PsMYB2-GFP, which was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants. We studied the gene function using real-time quantitative PCR and performed a preliminary characterization and analysis of the function of PsMYB2 under abiotic stresses. This study showed that under cadmium stress, the gene expression of PsMYB2 gene in roots, stems, and leaves was up to 3–6 times higher than the control. The germination rate of transgenic A. thaliana T3 generation seeds reached more than 95%. The O2·−, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents of the transgenic P. sericea plant lines were increased but lower than those of the wild-type strain. The superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and hydrogen peroxidase activities were increased in both wild-type and transgenic strains, and the transgenic strains showed higher enzyme activities than the wild-type. We concluded that PsMYB2 could improve plant resistance to cadmium, which provides a theoretical basis for using transgenic plants to remediate cadmium-contaminated soil and for sustainable land use.
Dual-Modal Information Bottleneck Network for Seizure Detection
Authors: Wang Jiale , Ge Xinting , Shi Yunfeng , Sun Mengxue , Gong Qingtao , Wang Haipeng , Huang Wenhui
Published: January 2023

In recent years, deep learning has shown very competitive performance in seizure detection. However, most of the currently used methods either convert electroencephalogram (EEG) signals into spectral images and employ 2D-CNNs, or split the one-dimensional (1D) features of EEG signals into many segments and employ 1D-CNNs. Moreover, these investigations are further constrained by the absence of consideration for temporal links between time series segments or spectrogram images. Therefore, we propose a Dual-Modal Information Bottleneck (Dual-modal IB) network for EEG seizure detection. The network extracts EEG features from both time series and spectrogram dimensions, allowing information from different modalities to pass through the Dual-modal IB, requiring the model to gather and condense the most pertinent information in each modality and only share what is necessary. Specifically, we make full use of the information shared between the two modality representations to obtain key information for seizure detection and to remove irrelevant feature between the two modalities. In addition, to explore the intrinsic temporal dependencies, we further introduce a bidirectional long-short-term memory (BiLSTM) for Dual-modal IB model, which is used to model the temporal relationships between the information after each modality is extracted by convolutional neural network (CNN). For CHB-MIT dataset, the proposed framework can achieve an average segment-based sensitivity of 97.42%, specificity of 99.32%, accuracy of 98.29%, and an average event-based sensitivity of 96.02%, false detection rate (FDR) of 0.70/h. We release our code at https://github.com/LLLL1021/Dual-modal-IB .
Acupuncture for Fibromyalgia: A Review Based on Multidimensional Evidence
Authors: Han Dong , Lu Yuan , Huang Rong , Yang Zihui , Peng Guangbin , Qiao Yu , Zhang Xiyin , Wu Huangan , Liu Huirong
Published: January 2023

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complicated syndrome characterized by widespread chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and other complications. There is currently no specific treatment available. No comprehensive surveys have been published to summarize the mechanism of acupuncture in FM management. Although several studies have shown that acupuncture can benefit FM patients, their clinical findings are inconsistent. Here, we summarize the operation method of acupuncture for FM. For the first time, we conducted a comprehensive review of the mechanisms of acupuncture for FM, and integrated evidence-based scientific findings with the most comprehensive and updated literature. According to studies conducted using FM patients and animal models, acupuncture may improve symptoms in FM patients by regulating the afferent pain pathway and descending inhibitory pain pathways of various molecules, such as ASIC3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and TRPV1, as well as peripheral inflammation and the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, we discussed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FM, and reviewed acupuncture-related clinical studies. This review fills a previously unknown gap in knowledge of the mechanism of acupuncture for FM. Although there is growing evidence that acupuncture may be a promising therapy for treating symptoms in FM patients, further investigation is needed.
Bipartite entanglement in Heisenberg spin ladder with ferro- and antiferromagnetic couplings
Authors: Hu Lizhen , Xu Yuliang , Zhang Panpan , Yan Shiwei , Kong Xiangmu
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the spin ladder consisting of two antiferromagnetic Heisenberg legs is investigated by means of the density matrix renormalization group method with its matrix product state form. The energy density and bipartite entanglement measured by concurrence are calculated, the effects of interleg couplings and open boundary condition on entanglement distributions are discussed in detail when the interleg couplings are ferro- and antiferromagnetic, respectively. We found that the entanglements are mainly distributed in legs and diagonals when the interleg couplings are ferromagnetic and in rungs when the couplings are antiferromagnetic. Furthermore, the intraleg entanglements are more affected by the dimerization caused by open boundary than interleg ones. Specifically, that dimerization will be weakened by the interleg couplings, and the entanglements are distributed more uniformly.
Numerical computing of Soret and linear radiative effects on MHD Casson fluid flow toward a vertical surface through a porous medium: Finite element analysis
Authors: Alrehili Mohammed F. , Goud B. Shankar , Reddy Y. Dharmendar , Mishra S. R. , Lashin Maha M. A. , Govindan Vediyappan , Pimpunchat Busayamas
Published: January 2023

In this work, we investigate the time-dependent MHD free convection of Casson fluid across a vertical semi-infinite plate fitted inside a permeable medium, along with viscous dissipation, radiation absorption, and Soret effect by using several non-dimensional variables. The characteristics of a variety of elements influencing the flow phenomenon are examined using the Casson fluid model. The governing dimensional partial differential equations are transformed into an ordinary differential equation set by introducing the similarity variables. The reduced model is numerically solved via the Galerkin finite element method. The non-dimensional equations with suitable boundary conditions can be mathematically simplified using the efficient Galerkin finite element approach. The restrictions are shown numerically and graphically, and their effects on temperature, velocity, species concentration, and rate coefficients are all shown. This study is to present the influence of radiation absorption along with viscous dissipation on the heat transfer phenomenon. For different flow parameter estimations, graphs are generated for various flow profiles as well as skin friction coefficients. The Nusselt (Nu) and Sherwood (Sh) quantities are also demonstrated via graphs.
THE FRACTAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR SPONTANEOUS AND FORCED IMBIBITION WITH DIFFERENT CROSS-SECTION SHAPES IN SHALE OIL RESERVOIR
Authors: LI GUANQUN , SU YULIANG , WANG WENDONG
Published: January 2023

Large-scale hydraulic fracturing is the critical technology for effective shale oil production. However, the imbibition flow mechanisms of fracturing fluid in shale micropores and the influence of shale microstructure and physical properties are still indistinct, which makes the optimization goal of fracturing flowback unclear and restricts the enhancement of shale oil recovery. Therefore, based on SEM and XRD experiments, it is analyzed that shale has the characteristics of multiple pores, which are divided into organic pores, brittle mineral pores, and clay pores. Nonetheless, how the tube cross-section controls the interface displacement is not well discussed in the available literature, especially in irregular triangles, rectangles and other non-circular shapes. This paper studies the influence of cross-section shapes on the capillary force by considering the corner flow of the wetting phase, and it analyzes the imbibition dynamics of different types of pores. Using the shale multi-pores physical model and fractal theory, the shale semi-analytical solution models of SI and FI are established. Theoretical analysis of the water imbibition mechanisms shows that the key factors controlling SI and FI volume include imbibition time, fluid properties, pore cross-section shapes, tortuosity, and forced pressure.
Landslide Identification Using Optimized Deep Learning Framework Through Data Routing in IoT Application
Authors: L. Lijesh , Arockia Selva Saroja G.
Published: January 2023

This paper develops an approach for detecting landslide using IoT. The simulation of IoT is the preliminary step that helps to collect data. The suggested Water Particle Grey Wolf Optimization (WPGWO) is used for the routing. The Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) are combined in the suggested method (WPGWO). The fitness is newly modeled considering energy, link cost, distance, and delay. The maintenance of routes is done to assess the dependability of the network topology. The landslide detection process is carried out at the IoT base station. In feature selection, angular distance is used. Oversampling is used to enrich the data, and Deep Residual Network (DRN) — used for landslide identification — is trained using the proposed Water Cycle Particle Swarm Optimization (WCPSO) method, which combines WCA and PSO. The proposed WCPSO-based DRN offered effective performance with the highest energy of 0.049[Formula: see text]J, throughput of 0.0495, accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 97.2% and specificity of 93.9%. This approach demonstrated improved robustness and produced the global best optimal solution. For the proposed WPGWO, WCA, GWO, and PSO are linked to improve performance in determining the optimum routes. When comparing with existing methods the proposed WCPSO-based DRN offered effective performance.
Ordovician tephra distribution, tephrochronology and geochronology
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick I. , Normore Leon , Sell Bryan K. , Ramezani Jahandar
Published: January 2023

The study of Ordovician tephras yields a wealth of valuable information about regional tectonism, sedimentation, stratigraphic correlation, and process rates. As such, these layers are prized by geologists and are the subject of a rich literature. Ordovician tephra studies were pioneering, particularly in the development of chemical fingerprinting to improve precision in tephrochronology. Modern radioisotope geochronology utilizes zircons and other phenocrysts from these layers to generate eruption ages with uncertainty on the order of a hundred thousand years. When integrated with biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and astrochronology, tephra ages provide an unparalleled opportunity to constrain process rates. Fifty such Ordovician tephra ages have been published over the last decade from U–Pb analysis of individual zircon phenocrysts, providing geochronological coverage across all stages of the Ordovician. Laurentia dominates this coverage (24) followed by the Baltic Basin (12), North Gondwana (11), Cuyania (four) and the Siberian Tungus Basin (one). Future tephra studies should seek to fill the numerous remaining gaps in the Ordovician time scale.