bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Membrane Stabilization Activities of Leaf Extracts of Byttneria pilosa Roxb
Authors: Zohora Bilkis , Faruq Abdullah Al , Adib Mohiminul , Sultana Irin , Chowdhury M Mohi Uddin
Published: February 2024

This current research work was conducted an investigation into the biological activities of various fractions of Byttneria pilosa Roxb. (Family: Sterculiaceae) and analyze the chemical compositions. Preliminary examination of the raw fractional extractives identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins. The standard was acetyl salicylic acid for heat-induced method to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing properties. The crude ethanol extract displayed a moderate activity, inhibiting albumin denaturation by 44.7% compared to the positive control. All three extractives also demonstrated significant (p<0.05) in-vitro membrane-stabilizing activity. Additionally, the plant showcased robust antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the IC50 values of the ethanol extract, nhexane extract and chloroform extracts (5.3, 5.4, and 6.2 μg/ml, respectively), one the contrary, the acetyl salicylic acid as standard drug exhibited an IC50 value of 3.8 μg/ml. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation propose that this specific plant species holds promise for the discovery of novel natural bioactive compounds.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 110-115, 2024 (January)
Greener Protocol for the Synthesis of Carbamates
Authors: Satheesh A. , Usha H. , Priya D. S. , Hariharan A. V. L. N. H. , Ramanjaneyulu M. V. V.
Published: February 2024

An efficient and environmentally friendly protocol has been developed for synthesizing carbamates. Carbamate derivatives are frequently used as pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides), as starting materials in producing paints and polyurethanes, and as protecting groups of amines in organic synthesis. It is a simple and solvent-free methodology to prepare primary carbamates in high yield and purity from compounds sodium cyanate, Phenol/alcohol, and TCA (Trichloro acetic acid). We reported the application of TCA as a mild, convenient and effective reagent for this transformation.
Simulation of Contaminants Transport from a Dumpsite into Shallow Aquifer of the Upper Deltaic Plain Deposits, Western Niger Delta
Authors: Aweto K. E. , Ovwamuedo G.
Published: February 2024

Dumpsites are a copious point source of groundwater pollution in the Niger Delta. The objective of this study seeks to assess contaminants transported from a dumpsite around Ekpan into groundwater. Dumpsite leachate and groundwater samples were collected for analysis, and the Modular 3D Solute Transport Model (MT3D) was used to evaluate the impact of leachate on the quality and flow direction of groundwater. The chemical analyses of leachate samples showed significant potential to contaminate groundwater. The pH of greater than 7 and BOD5/COD ratio of less than 0.1 indicated that the dumpsite is old with stabilized leachate. Groundwater models showed that the dumpsite has the propensity for Na and TDS increasing to 1500 and 3700 mg/L respectively after 10 years. The contaminants infiltrate into successive layers beneath the dumpsite and spread laterally in the direction of groundwater flow (southwestern direction). This study revealed that groundwater near the dumpsite did show some significant contamination. A pattern of decreasing concentration of contaminants with distance from the dumpsite was observed due to natural attenuation.
Ordering Fuzzy Numbers with Weighted Mean Values and Their Application to Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Problem
Authors: Prasad S. , Sinha A. , Sinha S.
Published: February 2024

The most important aspect of fuzzy numbers is their ordering, which ensures a wide range of their applications in professional life and many academic applied models like linguistic decision-making and fuzzy risk analysis. Even though many researchers have presented various methods, there is still a lot of interest and scope for studies to address the weakness of methods. This paper proposes an approach for ordering generalized fuzzy numbers using weighted mean values (centroid values) of the left and the right fuzziness regions and exponential values of the altitude of the fuzzy number. The proposed method can order two or more fuzzy numbers simultaneously, irrespective of their linear or non-linear membership functions. Furthermore, the proposed method consistently orders the symmetrical fuzzy numbers, the partnered image of the fuzzy number, and the fuzzy numbers that depict the compensation of areas. The advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated through numerical examples with various types of fuzzy numbers and comparisons with the existing techniques published in the literature. Finally, the proposed method is effectively applied to solve a linguistic multi-criteria decision-making problem related to the stock market.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of PM2.5, PM10 and BC Aerosols over Tropical Megacity Bengaluru, India
Authors: Shivkumar M. , Pranesha T. S. , Sudhindra K. R. , Chate D. M. , Beig G.
Published: February 2024

PM2.5, PM10 mass levels at six and BC levels at one station were monitored at the tropical megacity, Bengaluru, India, for the year 2019. The annual average levels of PM2.5, PM10 and BC were 31, 73 and 2.72 µg/m3 respectively. PM2.5 levels were within the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard (INAAQS) value of 40 µg/m3 whereas that of PM10 exceeded INAAQS level of 60 µg/m3 for the year 2019 for all six stations. The season-wise diurnal variability of PM and BC shows bimodal peaks, first one in the morning and the second one in the late evening hours in all the stations. These peaks correspond to rush traffic hours and lower PBL height. The correlation analysis of PM and BC with meteorological parameters is presented. The data are also analysed for the Deepavali festival. The PM2.5 levels in festival have doubled, PM10 levels increased by more than 50 %, while BC showed marginal increase. Further, the night-time levels of PM and BC were higher than the daytime during the festival. The health risk assessment using Air Q+ for the city of Bengaluru for 2019 shows highest PM exposure risk to ischemic heart disease.
Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with One Dimensional Cosmic String Coupled with Zero Mass Scalar Field in Lyra Manifold
Authors: Mete V. G. , Deshmukh V.
Published: February 2024

A five-dimensional Bianchi type-III string cosmological model is studied with a one-dimensional cosmic string in the presence of zero mass scalar field in the context of the Lyra manifold. Exact solutions of Einstein's field equations are obtained by assuming quadratic equation of state (EoS) of the form p = kρ2 + ρ, where  k is a constant and strictly k > 0 . The physical and geometrical aspects of the investigated model are analyzed in detail.
Magnetocaloric and Magneto-transport Properties in Polycrystalline Ni56Mn20Ga24 Heusler Alloy
Authors: Pal D.
Published: February 2024

Polycrystalline ingots of Ni-rich Ni56Mn20Ga24 alloy were prepared by conventional arc melting procedure. The magnetocaloric and magnetotransport properties of the alloy were investigated within a temperature range from 4.2-300 K and up to a magnetic field of 8 T. A large magnetocaloric effect (∆SM ~ 29 J/Kg K) was observed in the alloy in the vicinity of magneto-structural transition temperature at a change of 5 T magnetic field. From magnetic measurements, it was observed that the martensite to austenite transition was accompanied by higher to lower magnetization in higher magnetic fields. The large entropy change was explained by considering the first-order magneto-structural transition in this alloy. A high negative magnetoresistance (⁓7 %) associated with magnetic field induced first order magneto-structural transition was also observed near room temperature due to a change of 8 T magnetic field for this alloy.
Simulation of Nanofluid Flow in Porous Square-Shaped Enclosures
Authors: Munshi M. J. H. , Islam M. S. , Khandaker M. R. R. , Hossain M. S.
Published: February 2024

Augmentation of heat transfer can be in so many ways, heat transfer of a nanofluid in a porous is one of the most recent methodologies. In this analysis, the physical properties of water as the base fluid and copper as the nanoparticles exercise. The Finite element method is applied to obtain numerical solutions. The effects of the Darcy number, Richardson number and solid volume fraction of nanofluids on the streamlines, isotherms, dimensionless temperature, velocity profiles, and average Nusselt numbers and average fluid temperature examined graphically. It has found that both the Richardson number and solid volume fraction have a noteworthy influence on streamlines and isotherms. Darcy number has a good control parameter for heat transfer in fluid flow through a porous medium in the enclosure. A heat transfer correlation of the average Nusselt number for various Darcy numbers and solid volume fraction presented here. Finally, for the validation of the existing work, the current results are compared with the published results, and a favorable agreement attained. Besides this, heat transfer in the square enclosure remains better than for the other enclosures with the wavy walls or curved walls.
Hybrid Model based on ANFIS with Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix for Dementia Prediction
Authors: Kour H. , Sharma R. , Manhas J. , Sharma V.
Published: February 2024

Dementia is a brain condition in which cognitive abilities decline more quickly than expected from the usual consequences of biological aging. It impacts memory and a person's physical and mental health. Early stages of dementia are challenging to anticipate, and there is presently no treatment for this condition. Therefore, a precise and prompt diagnosis of dementia is strongly advised in order to give the patient the best possible treatment. This study provides a hybrid model for the automatic diagnosis of dementia from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). The proposed model consists of two stages: the first step implements gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) to extract texture features from imaging data, and the second step applies an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of dementia from these extracted texture features. The proposed framework has been evaluated on the benchmark Dementia dataset comprising 5154 2D T1w MRI scans. In order to assess the model's performance, the proposed model is also compared with a neural network, fuzzy logic, and other machine learning (ML) techniques using the same dataset. The accuracy of the proposed model is recorded as 82.5%, which is greater than that attained by existing ML methods.
Synthesis, Characterization of Various Substituted (E)-2-(2-butyl-5-chloro-4-((phenylimino)methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino) phenyl)acetamide
Authors: Parmar M. B. , Pandya J. H. , Vara M. K.
Published: February 2024

A highly efficient, convergent approach to the synthesis of various substituted (E)-2-(2-butyl-5-chloro-4-((phenylimino)methyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino)phenyl) acetamide analogues is described. Directed vilsmeyer formylation of methyl pentanimidate with glycine provides the key intermediate 2-butyl-5-chloro-1H-imidazole-4- carbaldehyde (INT-01). BCFI (INT-01) is a major active metabolite and the most significant intermediate of Losartan. Therefore, BCFI moiety has scope for good application in medicine. Morpholin-3-one derivative reacts with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of acetonitrile provides 2-chloro-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino)phenyl)acetamide (INT-02). Reflux INT-01 with INT-02 in presence of acetonitrile and potassium carbonate allowed the preparation of the 2-(2-butyl-5-chloro-4-formyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino) phenyl)acetamide with good yield. The reaction of 2-(2–butyl -5-chloro-4-formyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(4-(3-oxomorpholino)phenyl)acetamide with substituted anilines in methanol and glacial acetic acid at room temperature gives a key intermediate for the synthesis of the M2-29V analogs with good yield. Novel analogs were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR Mass Spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Spectroscopic identification of intermediates and final products taken and favors the synthesis of M2-2901 to M2-2912.
A Computational Study on the Antioxidant Activity of Certain Random Copolyesters Containing Bis(arylidene) Cycloalkanone Moiety in the Main Chain
Authors: Kiruba B. , Chidambaravinayagam S.
Published: February 2024

A series of five random copolyesters was synthesized by polycondensation of different arylidene diols with curcumin as a common diol and a common diacid chloride in the ratio of 1:1:2, respectively. The five arylidene diols were synthesized by an acid-catalyzed Claisen condensation reaction. The repeating units present in these five random copolyesters and also the backbone was identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The curcumin based copolyester exhibited good antioxidant activity, confirmed by various antioxidant activity determinations. Structural analysis such as HOMO and LUMO energies and the HOMO-LUMO energies gap of the molecule has been calculated using the B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p) level of theory. The antioxidant property of the molecule can be explained by the hydrogen atom transfer by theoretical study.
Solution of Inhomogeneous Linear Fractional Differential Equations Involving Jumarie Fractional Derivative
Authors: Tyagi A. K. , Chandel J.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a method for solving inhomogeneous linear sequential fractional differential equations with constant coefficients (ILSFDE) involving Jumarie fractional derivatives in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions. For this purpose, the fundamental properties of the Jumarie derivative and Mittag-Leffler functions are given. After this, the successive jumarie fractional derivatives of Mittag-Leffler functions, fractional cosine, and sine functions are obtained. Further, we determined the particular integrals of these functions and then found the complete solutions of ILSFDE. in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions, fractional cosine, and sine functions. We have demonstrated this developed method with a few examples of ILSFDE. This method is similar to the method for finding the complete solutions of classical differential equations with constant coefficients.
A First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Be0.75Zn0.25S Semiconducting Alloy
Authors: Paliwal U.
Published: February 2024

In this work, we report the theoretical study of structural, electronic, and optical properties of Be0.75Zn0.25S semiconducting ternary alloy using the first-principles density functional theory approach. The calculations are performed using the Plane Wave Self Consistent Field (PWSCF) method implemented in the QUANTUM ESPRESSO code. The two approaches are used to calculate the properties of semiconducting alloy: the first is local density approximation, and the other is generalized gradient approximation in the framework of the density functional theory. Among structural properties, the ground state equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, elastic constants, shear modulus, and Poisson ratio are computed for Be0.75Zn0.25S semiconducting ternary alloy. The electronic band structure is calculated to characterize the electronic properties, and bandgaps and electronic charge transfer between the cation and anion are evaluated. The optical nature of alloy is characterized by computing the static dielectric constant and refractive index. The computed parameters are compared with the available theoretical calculations due to the absence of experimental work on this system.
Determination of Phytochemicals, Minerals, and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Activities of Young Fronds of Diplazium esculentum: A Vegetable of Tripura, India
Authors: Manna K. , Debnath B. , A. Ikbal A. M. , Paul K. , Rajkhowa A. , Majumder R.
Published: February 2024

Diplazium esculentum belongs to the family Athyriaceae, an edible fern rich in micronutrients, beta-carotene, folic acid, and minerals like calcium, iron, and phosphorus. The present study aims to determine secondary metabolites and minerals content and evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of young fronds of Diplazium esculentum. The plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet apparatus method. Total alkaloids and total tannin content were determined by the titrimetric method. Folin and Ciocalteu's colorimetric method used gallic acid as a standard drug to determine total phenols. The antioxidant activity of plant extract was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. α-amylase inhibition assay was performed for evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of plant extract. Fronds of Diplazium esculentum contain a significant number of total alkaloids (145.54±1.49), phenols (174.2±0.95), and tannins (263.96±1.32) mg/g of dry extract. Fronds of Diplazium esculentum also contain a significant amount of minerals. Diplazium esculentum shows significant antioxidant activity compared to the standard drug ascorbic acid and antidiabetic activity compared to the standard drug metformin. Based on these findings, young fronds of Diplazium esculentum can be recommended as a good source of phytochemicals and minerals. It also shows significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
Antibiogram and MDR Pattern of the Bacterial Isolates from German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica L.) at RMCH, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter M. S. , Islam M. S. , Mohanta M. K. , Parvin S.
Published: February 2024

German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L. are the most dangerous pests in hospital environments which cause diseases like food poisoning, dysentery, and diarrhea. Antibiogram and multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns of the bacterial isolates from the cockroaches inhabiting three Wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, were determined. A total of 52 bacterial isolates, 26 from the cuticle and 26 from the gut, comprising 20 (38.5 %) from the Neuromedicine ward, 18 (34.6 %) from the Orthopaedic ward, and 14 (26.9 %) from the Surgery ward, were used for biochemical assays and diagnostic characteristics, where seven Gram-negative rod species were identified. E. coli (n=8 or 40 %), Klebsiella spp. (n=5 or 28 %) and Klebsiella spp. (5 or 35 %) constituted the most dominant bacteria from the three wards respectively. Antibiogram of the bacterial isolates against 18 commonly used antibiotics revealed that Serratia, Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Pseudomonas were resistant to Ceftazidime, whereas Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Proteus were sensitive to the drug. Results of the present study suggest that the German cockroaches might serve as reservoirs for pathogenic and MDR bacteria, which in turn could be responsible for the spread of common food-borne diseases in hospital patients, their attendants, and health professionals.
Relative Studies of Vibrational and Quantum Chemical Calculations on Some α, β-Unsaturated Esters and Related Molecule
Authors: Ajit V. , Rajinder S.
Published: February 2024

The paper presents a study on the vibrational spectra of four different compounds, namely, methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl trans crotonate (MTC), and methyl-3-methoxy-2-propenoate (MMP), in their electronic ground state using the Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory calculations with extended basis sets and polarization functions. The study compares the outcomes of the possible conformers in terms of their frequency, form, and intensity of vibrations, as well as the potential energy distribution across the symmetry coordinates in the ground state. Moreover, the study examines the relationship between bond length and bond order.
Analysis of Physiochemical and Functional Properties of Oat-Based Synbiotic Beverage Enriched with Phytonutrients
Authors: Pal A. D. , Bhowal S.
Published: February 2024

Synbiotic food and beverages incorporate a synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics to foster enhanced health benefits compared to their individual counterparts. The present study analyzed the physiochemical and functional properties of a synbiotic beverage prepared with a combination of Lactobacillus casei as probiotic and oats as the prebiotic substrate versus L. casei (5 %) in the dairy matrix as control (C). This low-fat and hypo-caloric product was enriched with whey proteins and natural colors to enhance its favorable effects. Sensory analysis depicted variation 2 (V2) to manifest increased acceptance (8.0±0.2) and the highest count of viable probiotics (8.5×1011±82) versus the other variants. V2 exhibited a significant content of proximate components, dietary fiber (TDF), and polyphenols along with an optimum organic acid production (88±0.3), titratable acidity (1.6±0.3), pH (4.3±0.2), and enhanced antioxidant capacity portrayed by reducing power (25 ± 0.9 mg/mL) and H2O2 scavenging abilities (157.5±6.1 µg/mL) as well as improved survival in the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment compared to the control. Additionally, V2 revealed a shelf life of 28 days at refrigerated storage (4-6 °C) with suitable retention of organoleptic characteristics, acidity, and viability. Hence, the developed synbiotic and polyphenol-enriched beverage may impart beneficial health effects through its nutritional and functional properties.
Amplification of Electrostatic Wave at the Cost of Kinetic Alfvén Wave Turbulence Energy in Auroral Zone
Authors: Sarma R. K. , Deka P. N.
Published: February 2024

The low-frequency electromagnetic kinetic Alfvén (KAW) wave is among the most significant waves in the Earth's magnetospheric plasma environment. This study investigates the generation process of high-frequency electrostatic and non-resonant upper-hybrid (UH) waves at the expense of kinetic Alfvén waves in the Earth's auroral zone. The plasma particles that sustain long-term phase alignment with the kinetic Alfvén wave turbulent field are accelerated. The accelerated plasma particles may transfer energy and momentum to the unstable high-frequency wave via a modulation field. Considering a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function and using the Vlasov-Poisson system of equations, fluctuating parts of distribution functions resulting from the resonant KAW, modulated wave, and nonlinear upper-hybrid wave are estimated. Data available from various space probes in Earth's magnetosphere are used to calculate the growth rates of the upper-hybrid wave from nonlinear dispersion relations. The calculations demonstrate that the amplification of upper-hybrid wave is possible at the expense of kinetic Alfvén wave turbulent energy.
Mitigation of Edge Ringing for the Optimization of Highly Aberrated Coherent Optical Systems
Authors: Shailaja P. , Rao S. V. , Sagar D. K. , Venkanna M.
Published: February 2024

The images of straight-edge objects formed by a coherent optical system with a circular aperture apodized with a shaded aperture have been studied. Image quality assessment parameters such as edge-ringing, edge-gradient, and edge-shift of the edge fringes have been investigated as a function of apodization parameters for various degrees of defocus, coma, and primary spherical aberrations. The reduction in the ringing pattern is more effective at the suitable combination of aberrations than the aberration-free cases and attains the minimum value for φd=2π where it is completely balanced with φd. It has been found that the image quality of straight-edge objects can be improved by combining specific aberrations with the appropriate apodizer.
Insect Antifeedant Active Substituted Styryl 4-Ethoxyphenyl Ketones
Authors: Nalini S. , Sekar K. G. , Srinivasan S. , Muthuvel I. , Thirunarayanan G.
Published: February 2024

About eleven substituted styryl 4-ethoxy phenyl ketones were synthesized by ultrasound-promoted greener solvent assisted Crossed Aldol condensation of 4-ethoxy acetophenone and various substituted benzaldehydes. In this method, the obtained yield was more than 85 %. These unsaturated ketones were characterized by their analytical and spectroscopic data. The insect antifeedant activity of these ketones was evaluated by castor leaf discs with the 4th instar larvae Achoea Janata L. All enones showed weak, moderate, and good insect antifeedant activity.
Geomorphic Characteristics of WRC-1 Watershed, Chargarh River Basin, Central India: Possible Implications on Hydrogeological Status
Authors: Fuladi A. , Deshmukh M. S.
Published: February 2024

Every geomorphic feature has its own distinct impact on the static groundwater level(SWL), seasonal water table fluctuation(WTF) and yield of the wells. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of geomorphic features over the groundwater regime and its possible implications on hydrogeological status within WRC-1 watershed. The watershed is covered by the Deccan basalt lavaflows and Quaternary alluvium. The geomorphic units of study area are HDP, MDP, residual hill, valleyfills, scarp, pediment, pediplain, butte, alluvial plain and gullied land to identify the relationship between geomorphic units and corresponding hydrogeological status. The pre-monsoon SWL, WTF and yield of the open-dug wells are analyzed. The high groundwater level fluctuation is indicated by residual hill, plateau remnant, HDP, MDP, pediment as compared to pond, river, younger alluvial plain and pediplain. Pre-monsoon yield of dugwells in river older alluvium are comparatively high; butte, residual hill, pond, river, dam/reservoir and valley fill which are comparatively moderate to low. The overall findings indicate that seasonal WLF in the hard rock terrain(basalt) is high compared to soft rock formation(alluvium).The best suitable area identified is Pediplain which is categorized as very good groundwater prospectus zone with pre-monsoon SWL(5.8mbgl), WTF(3.1m) and yield of the well(108000liter/day) respectively.
Material Synthesis, Spectral, Optical and Antimicrobial Activity of Imidazolium Based Aldehydic Ionic Liquids: 1–Ethyl-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-ethyl)-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide (I) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-ethyl)-3H-imidazol-1-ium chloride (II)
Authors: Sudhalakshmi J. , Rajathi D. K.
Published: February 2024

We successfully produced imidazolium aldehydes from imidazolium alcohols for the first time using copper wire and no oxidizing agents. The findings of IR, UV, 1H-NMR, and        13C-NMR spectral examinations all indicated complete Oxidation of the alcohols, which was further demonstrated by those findings. The oxidation technique was used to create the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-ethyl)-3H-imidazol-1-ium; bromide and 1-butyl-3-methyl-2-(2-oxo-ethyl)-3H-imidazol-1-ium; chloride. Using elemental and spectral analyses confirmed the structure of the synthesized compounds (I) and (II). FT-IR analysis was used to determine the presence of functional groups in the grown samples (I) and (II), and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis were performed to confirm the environment of the elements (C, H). A UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometer was implemented to determine the optical absorption value for samples (I) and (II). Using DSC analysis, the thermal stability and decomposition were seen. Bacillus Cereus, Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterobacter Coacae, and Staphylococcus Haemolytics were used in an antimicrobial study for samples (I) and (II), and the results are compared with control Ciprofloxacin.
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of R(2),C(4)-Bis(Tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-C(5)-Hydroxy-T(5)-Methyl-T(3)-Phenyl Cyclohexanone and Their Biological Activity
Authors: Sumathi T. , Anandhan B. , Sivakumar P. , Kamatchi S.
Published: February 2024

There are three new t(3)-aryl-r(2),c(4)-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-c(5)-hydroxy-t(5)-methyl- cyclohexanones (1-3) have been synthesized by condensing tert-butyl acetoacetate with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of methylamine as a stereospecific catalyst.  The structures of the products were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopic techniques.  For compound (1), HMBC, HSQC, COSY, NOESY, and Mass spectra of the compounds were studied.  Elemental analysis was carried out for all the compounds. In vitro biological applications like anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also performed. The tert-butoxycarbonyl cyclohexanones showed good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and the percentage of inhibitions is nearer to standard drugs.
A Theoretical Study on Wave Packet Dynamics Using Information Theory
Authors: Singh S. , Saha A.
Published: February 2024

The article intertwines the study of wave packet dynamics with information-theoretic measurements in one dimensional (D =1) system. A localized wave packet at time  t=0 has been considered here and its change at later instant of time  t is calculated for the position space wave function. The momentum space wave function is obtained by taking the Fourier transform of the position space wave function at time t= 0 . These wave functions are then employed to construct the wave packet's respective probability densities in position and momentum space, and later have been used to compute the corresponding position and momentum space Shannon (S) and Fisher information (I) entropies. It has been observed that although the Shannon and Fisher information entropies explicitly depend on the standard deviation, neither the Shannon entropy sum nor the product of Fisher information entropies is. Moreover, for  D dimensional systems, the computed values of the Shannon and Fisher entropies are found to satisfy the lower bounds of the Bialynicki-Birula and Myceilski (BBM) inequality relation and the Stam-Cramer-Rao inequalities better known as the Fisher based uncertainty relation. Thus, our theoretical study explores the validation of information-theoretic measurements for wave packet dynamics using the basic formulations of information theory.
Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) using Bauhinia Racemosa (Thiruvachi) Leaves Extract and Its antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Authors: Vanitha G. , Manikandan R. , Prakasam A. , Navinkumar M. D. , Sathiyamoorthi K. , Dhinakaran B.
Published: February 2024

This study aims to appraise the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory accomplishments of green synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) mediated by Bauhinia racemosa leaves. Bauhinia racemosa is commonly called ''Thiruvachi' leaf tree in Tamil. The green synthesized Co3O4 NPs are calcinated at 350 °C, then characterized by TG/DTA, UV, FTIR, FL, XRD, DLS, SEM with EDS analysis, TEM, and Supercapacitor performance studies with CV analysis. TGA/DTA result associated with weight loss and exothermic reaction due to desorption of chemisorbed water. FTIR was performed to identify the functional groups of carbonyl, hydroxyl, amine, and protein molecules, which form a layer covering Co3O4 NPs and stabilize the Co3O4 NPs in the medium. The XRD pattern peaks are associated with a poly cubic crystalline form of metallic cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The average grain size of Co3O4 NPs is 36.45 nm. This research focused on Biological studies like antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory, total antioxidant measured by phosphomolyptenium reagent with vitamin C as the standard, Anti-diabetics studies carried out by α-amylase inhibition method and anti-inflammatory bustle followed by BSA denaturation technique. The spectral and morphological data confirms the Co3O4 NPs formation. The anti-inflammatory activity showed good results than the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity.
Effects of Meconopsis aculeata Royle Extracts on Leukocytosis and Eosinophilia Induced by Milk in Albino Mice: Anti-asthmatic Property
Authors: Boora P. , Puri R. , Rani S. , Mehta M.
Published: February 2024

Meconopsis aculeata Royle is a herb with medicinal value, traditionally used by the local people of the Himalayan range for its anti-asthmatic potential. The present work aims to determine the effects of the methanolic whole plant extract of M. aculeata for the management of allergy (asthma) in mice as less work has been done on this potential of the plant. We also determined the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and identification of the plant’s active phytoconstituents through GC-MS. It was found that M. aculeata extracts inhibited (89.68 %) free radicals in a better way when compared with standard ascorbic acid (73.47 %) at a higher concentration of 250 μg/mL. Plant extract inhibited (85.52 %) denaturation of protein when compared with standard aspirin (76.47 %) at a higher concentration of 250 μg/mL. Methanolic extracts (at 100-200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) significantly decreased elevated leukocyte and eosinophil count in mice that were induced by milk. The anti-asthmatic potential of this plant may be due to identified phytoconstituents like Stigmast-5-en-3-ol; Protopine; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid; and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z), methyl ester as these possesses anti-asthmatic and antihistaminic properties. Thus, M. aculeata can be used to treat allergies like asthma, and inflammation and reduce oxidative stress.
Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nano Particles using Perioria pinnatum Leaf Extract and Its Applications
Authors: Madhu R. , Pruthviraj K. , Sreenivasa S. , Suresh D. , Swamy B. E. K. , Prakash M. S.
Published: February 2024

The biogenic method of synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is the recent advances development in nanotechnology, and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), in particular, are advantageous due to their remarkable properties. In this report, we discuss the results of Cerium oxide NPs synthesized by solution-combustion method using “Perioria pinnatum” leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The structurally spherical shaped CeO2 NPs with 12 nm crystal size were synthesized and further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. XRD pattern confirmed the formation of CeO2 NPs with FCC structure. Further, green synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles were assessed for their in-vitro antioxidant activity, visible light-induced dye degradation property against methylene blue, and in electrical cells modified with CeO2 NPs that could electrochemically sense Dopamine (DA) up to 11 µM.
Stability of Axially Symmetric Cosmological Model in Lyra Geometry
Authors: Nimkar A. S. , Wath J.
Published: February 2024

The present study concerns an examination of a cosmological model that exhibits axially symmetric and incorporates perfect fluid within the context of Lyra geometry. The field equations are solved by utilising the relation between the metric coefficients and the equation of state for a stiff fluid. The physical and kinematic properties, namely the Hubble parameter, the deceleration parameter, the energy density, and the pressure, have been examined, and their graphical behaviour has been analysed. Furthermore, we examined several additional parameters, including the redshift and the Om(z) diagnostic, and verified the stability of the model by utilising the sound speed ratio and perturbation technique.
Kinetics Study of Acid Hydrolysis of Waste Nylon-6,6 using Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Sheikh H. A. A. R. , Madhamshettiwar S. V.
Published: February 2024

The depolymerization reaction of nylon-6,6 is carried out by acidic hydrolysis in the presence of various amounts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (SDBS) (0.02 to 0.07 g) surfactant used as a catalyst at 80 °C and at a different time interval (120 to 240 min). The maximum yield was obtained when 0.05 g SDBS was added to the reaction mixture as a catalyst and 180 min. The reaction mixture was neutralized by 5N NaOH, and the hexamethylene diamine obtained was converted into the Dibenzoyl derivative of hexamethylene diamine (DBHMD), which was filtered, dried, and weighed. The yield was found to be 87.14 %. The characterization was done by the melting point determination and FTIR spectra. The information obtained was in accordance with the literature value. This reaction has followed first-order kinetics with a rate constant of reaction 8.31×10-3 min -1. The IR recorded clearly reveals that the product obtained is pure.
Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Methacrylonitrile onto Poly (Tetrafluoroethylene-co-ethylene) Film by Discontinuous Method
Authors: Thakur R. K. , Kaur I. , Singh M. , Kumar N.
Published: February 2024

An attempt has been made to graft copolymerize the vinyl monomer methacrylonitrile onto poly tetrafluoroethylene-co-ethylene, known as Tefzel film, by the double-irradiation method in aqueous medium. Optimum conditions for attaining the maximum percentage of grafting were evaluated. The maximum percentage of grafting for methacrylonitrile was obtained 128.7 % at an optimum dose of 24.9 kGy using 2.98 mol L-1 of methacrylonitrile. Investigations on the effects of different chain-length aliphatic alcohols, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, cyclohexanol and amyl alcohol on the grafting percentages of methacrylonitrile have been performed. Characterization of Tefzel and grafted Tefzel films have been performed by infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Methacrylonitrile grafted Tefzel films showed better thermal stability.
Effect of Repeated Application of Switching Electric Field on Al/Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/Pt/Si and Al/Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3/Pt/Si Thin Films
Authors: Lahiry S.
Published: February 2024

Repeated application of switching the electric field on the electrical properties of the films, such as variation of capacitance with voltage and leakage current, were studied on thin films of Al/Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/Pt/Si (BST-0.9) and Al/Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3/Pt/Si (BST-0.3) prepared by sol-gel method. The ferroelectric BST-0.9 films that exhibited degradation by applying a switching electric field showed hysteresis. Paraelectric BST-0.3 films did not show any degradation on repeated application of switching electric field. The resistivity, breakdown field, and Devonshire thermodynamic coefficient C3 were calculated for all the films. These physical properties are essential in choosing a film for particular applications such as memory, dynamic random access memory, tunable phase shifter, photodiodes in light sensors, etc.
DFT and DFT+U Insights into the Physical Properties of UO2
Authors: Islam M.
Published: February 2024

This study reports the structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic, thermal, and optical properties of UO2 solid crystalline material by applying DFT and DFT+U approximation methods. The direct band gap Mott-Insulating electronic properties are found successfully by using both the LDA+U and GGA+U functionals, and the energy band gap values are obtained in the range from 1.725 to 2.860 eV. The XRD and Neutron diffraction peaks confirmed the fcc-structured fluorite type UO2. UO2 is found mechanically stable and ductile from elastic constants calculations. The lattice thermal conductivity is 8.8 Wm-1 K-1 at 323 K, which is very close to the reported theoretical and experimental results. The frequency-dependent optical parameters are calculated from complex dielectric functions, which indicate that UO2 is simultaneously an efficient absorber and reflector for ultraviolet radiation in particular energy regions. Although UO2 is a potential fuel material and cannot be used for conventional optical devices, the anisotropic optical properties, higher dielectric constant, and semiconducting electronic property indicate that the radioactive UO2 exhibits interesting optoelectronic behaviors also.
Synthesis, Spectral and DFT Study and Molecular Docking Investigation of (E)-3-(3-Bromo-4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(Methylthio) Phenyl)Prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Subha R. , Ingarsal N.
Published: February 2024

In this study, a new (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one was synthesized by a condensation method. It has been characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, and NMR spectra. Furthermore, the title compound was subjected to DFT analysis to observe its molecular structure and vibrational wavenumbers using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) approach. The total energy distribution (TED) method was used for complete vibrational analysis. Proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the target compound were calculated theoretically by the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental data. For the title molecule, the geometrical parameters provided the best agreement with experimental ones. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap, chemical reactivity parameters, Mulliken atomic charge, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) are also studied. The results obtained from the DFT analysis were in good agreement with the experimental data. The synthesized compound was also used in molecular docking studies to understand its biological activity.
Effect of Calcined Eggshell Particles on Some Properties and Microstructure of Al-Si-Mg Alloy
Authors: Eze S. C. , Yawas D. S , Dauda E. T.
Published: February 2024

In this study, different sizes (25, 50, and 75 µm) and volume fractions (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of calcined eggshell particles were utilized to strengthen the Al-Si-Mg alloy. Several experimental runs were conducted to assess the impact of particle size and concentration on both physical properties (density, corrosion, and thermal conductivity) and mechanical properties (hardness, yield strength, impact energy, and modulus of elasticity). The findings revealed significant enhancements in hardness (21 %), yield strength (61 %), modulus of elasticity (43 %), and thermal conductivity (34 %). Conversely, a reduction of 62 % in impact strength and 8 % in density was observed. The corrosion rate displayed an increase from 0 to 16.67 mpy. Analysis using XRD and XRF techniques identified CaO and Al2O3 as the primary constituents of the eggshell. Optical micrographs consistently showed cored (segregated) dendritic structures typical of castings cooled under normal conditions in the Al-Si-Mg composite. SEM micrographs, EDS spectra, and area analyses confirmed a uniform distribution of Calcined Eggshell Particles (CEP) within the composite films. Additionally, an optimal calcination condition for the eggshell particles was determined to be 900 °C for 2.5 h, resulting in a CaO yield of 99.62 %.
Effect of Different Compositions of Mixed Metal Oxides (Zinc Oxide and Tin Oxide) on Structural and Optical Properties for the Application of Window Layers in Solar Cells
Authors: Khandelwal A. , Shukla R. , Sharma K. S.
Published: February 2024

Thin films of composite Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) are grown on glass substrates by thermal vapor evaporation. Thin films with different ratios of ZnO: SnO2= (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) wt% were prepared and annealed at 500 °C for 2 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the ZTO films have become polycrystalline as we increase the percentage of tin oxide. The crystallinity of films also increases significantly. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results indicate that the percentage of tin oxide changes the film's morphology. UV visible spectroscopy of the films indicates that the band gap is reduced with the increased percentage of tin oxide in the mixture, and transmittance is also decreased at a higher percentage. The transmittance of the films ranges from 90 to 83 %, while the band gap falls within the range of 3.90 to 3.40 eV. These characteristics make the films well-suited for solar cell window layers.
Anticancer Activity of Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-coumaroyl)-Glucopyronoside from Euphorbia Hirta Flowers
Authors: R. Benjamin  , S. Senguttuvan  , T. Vadivel
Published: February 2024

Kaempferol-3-O-β-D- (6″-coumaroyl)-glucopyronoside flavonoid was extracted from the flower of Euphorbia Hirta. This compound was characterized by UV, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The in-vitro anticancer study was performed using this flavonoid compound. Euphorbia Hirta flower showed good anticancer activity due to its higher content of flavonoids compound.
Resource Aware Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Ellakkiya M. , Ravi T. N.
Published: February 2024

Cloud Computing is an internet-based network technology that provides various services and requirements to customers through online computing resources. In the cloud, Load balancing is the most significant issue that includes both hardware and software platforms for the execution of demand of the user request. Furthermore, for handling multiple user requests, load balancing is necessary. Therefore, an efficient load-balancing technique is required to optimize and ensure user satisfaction by utilizing the virtual machine's resources efficiently. A novel Orthogonal Projected Regressive MapReduce Lottery Load Balancing (PORLOB) technique is introduced for resource-efficient task scheduling with minimal Makespan and complexity. In the PORLOB technique, many cloud user requests are transmitted to the cloud server from different locations. The load balancer uses the index table for maintaining the virtual machines. The MapReduce function includes two steps, namely, map and reduce. Based on the resource estimation, the map function performs the regression analysis and provides three resource statuses of the virtual machine: overloaded, less loaded, and balanced. In the reduction phase, the load balancer uses the lottery scheduling technique to balance the workload by migrating the task from an overloaded Virtual Machine to a less-loaded VM.
Bacterial Strain Improvement via Random Physical Mutation to Improve Phosphate Solubilization Efficiency for Sustainable Crop Growth
Authors: Damor S. , Goswami P.
Published: February 2024

Phosphorus deficiency in soil due to cation-mediated fixation reduces agricultural output from otherwise fertile lands. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria can solubilize this immobilized phosphate. The goal of this study was to use random UV mutagenesis to improve the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of the bacterial strains isolated from agriculture soils of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The phosphate solubilizing capacity was determined using the colorimetric chlorostannous reduced molybdo phosphoric acid blue method. When UV treated for 40, 50, and 60  min. Strain B5 depicted 58.54 %, 133.27 %, and 159.09 % enhanced phosphate solubilization, respectively, in the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolate B5 clustered with Pseudomonas putida strains. Thus wild strains such as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. can be mutagenically exploited to avail incapacitated phosphorus in soil. This can be an ecologically desired elucidation; however, more research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved and their repercussions.
Statistical Signature and Its Theoretical Implication in Hot Jupiter Population
Authors: Mondal S.
Published: February 2024

Hot Jupiters, a special class of exoplanets, always draw attention due to their intriguing characteristics. In this paper, we have continued our endeavor to understand the distribution of hot Jupiter populations and the architecture of planetary systems through the statistical framework. Different techniques to discover hot Jupiters have been studied here, and current data suggested that the transit method has better chances of discovering light and short-period candidates. Relation between orbital eccentricity and other planetary parameters like mass and orbital periods have been investigated to support the existence of a discontinuity in planetary mass distribution at ~4 MJ. A low p-value in the KS test indicates the existence of two different populations of hot Jupiters having a possibly different channel of formation. We also discussed these statistical results' theoretical and empirical implications for dynamical evolution.