bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mouse mesoderm-specific transcript inhibits adipogenic differentiation and induces trans-differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells in 3T3-L1 preadiocytes
Authors: Kadota Yoshito , Kawakami Takashige , Sato Masao , Suzuki Shinya
Published: May 2022

Objective

The mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) is an imprinted gene that is transcribed from the paternal allele. It is a marker of adipose tissue expansion; however, it is uncertain whether Mest expression promotes or suppresses adipogenic differentiation. To elucidate the effects of Mest expression on adipogenic differentiation, we transfected an expression vector or siRNA for mouse Mest into 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocyte cell line.

Results

In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Mest overexpression decreased lipid accumulation. Conversely, gene silencing of Mest increased the accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes. These results demonstrate that Mest negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation. Further, Mest induced trans-differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into hepatocytes, and its overexpression induced the expression of hepatocyte marker genes, including albumin and α-fetoprotein. In the presence of dexamethasone, the forced expression of the Mest caused morphological changes in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were flat and polygonal shapes, with an increased accumulation of intracellular glycogen and other features that are typical of hepatocytes. Therefore, Mest inhibits adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by inducing hepatocyte trans-differentiation.
Proximity ligation assay to detect DUX4 protein in FSHD1 muscle: a pilot study
Authors: Beermann Mary Lou , Homma Sachiko , Miller Jeffrey Boone
Published: May 2022

Objective

Aberrant expression in skeletal muscle of DUX4, a double homeobox transcription factor, underlies pathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Although previous studies of FSHD muscle biopsies detected mRNAs encoding DUX4 and its target genes, no studies had reported detection of DUX4 protein. Our objective was to develop a proximity ligation assay (PLA) for DUX4 and to determine if this assay could detect DUX4 protein in FSHD muscle sections.

Results

We developed a PLA protocol using two DUX4 antibodies previously reported by Stephen Tapscott’s group: P2G4, a mouse mAb specific for an epitope in the N-terminal region, and E5-5, a rabbit mAb specific for an epitope in the C-terminal region, in combination with commercial PLA secondary reagents. We validated the DUX4 PLA using cultured human myogenic cells in which DUX4 was ectopically expressed in a small fraction of nuclei. Using this two primary mAb PLA on an FSHD1 biceps biopsy, we observed nuclei with apparent DUX4 PLA signals associated with a small subset of myofibers (~ 0.05–0.1%). Though a limited pilot study, these results suggest that the two primary mAb PLA protocol could be useful for detecting DUX4 protein in FSHD muscle biopsies.
Benign and malignant diagnosis of spinal tumors based on deep learning and weighted fusion framework on MRI
Authors: Liu Hong , Jiao Menglei , Yuan Yuan , Ouyang Hanqiang , Liu Jianfang , Li Yuan , Wang Chunjie , Lang Ning , Qian Yueliang , Jiang Liang , Yuan Huishu , Wang Xiangdong
Published: May 2022

Background

The application of deep learning has allowed significant progress in medical imaging. However, few studies have focused on the diagnosis of benign and malignant spinal tumors using medical imaging and age information at the patient level. This study proposes a multi-model weighted fusion framework (WFF) for benign and malignant diagnosis of spinal tumors based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and age information.

Methods

The proposed WFF included a tumor detection model, sequence classification model, and age information statistic module based on sagittal MRI sequences obtained from 585 patients with spinal tumors (270 benign, 315 malignant) between January 2006 and December 2019 from the cooperative hospital. The experimental results of the WFF were compared with those of one radiologist (D1) and two spine surgeons (D2 and D3).

Results

In the case of reference age information, the accuracy (ACC) (0.821) of WFF was higher than three doctors’ ACC (D1: 0.686; D2: 0.736; D3: 0.636). Without age information, the ACC (0.800) of the WFF was also higher than that of the three doctors (D1: 0.750; D2: 0.664; D3:0.614).

Conclusions

The proposed WFF is effective in the diagnosis of benign and malignant spinal tumors with complex histological types on MRI.
CD47xCD19 bispecific antibody triggers recruitment and activation of innate immune effector cells in a B-cell lymphoma xenograft model
Authors: Chauchet Xavier , Cons Laura , Chatel Laurence , Daubeuf Bruno , Didelot Gérard , Moine Valéry , Chollet Didier , Malinge Pauline , Pontini Guillemette , Masternak Krzysztof , Ferlin Walter , Buatois Vanessa , Shang Limin
Published: May 2022

Background

CD47/SIRPα axis is recognized as an innate immune checkpoint and emerging clinical data validate the interest of interrupting this pathway in cancer, particularly in hematological malignancies. In preclinical models, CD47/SIRPα blocking agents have been shown to mobilize phagocytic cells and trigger adaptive immune responses to eliminate tumors. Here, we describe the mechanisms afforded by a CD47xCD19 bispecific antibody (NI-1701) at controlling tumor growth in a mouse xenograft B-cell lymphoma model.

Methods

The contribution of immune effector cell subsets behind the antitumor activity of NI-1701 was investigated using flow cytometry, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo immune-cell depletion experiments.

Results

We showed that NI-1701 treatment transformed the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a more anti-tumorigenic state with increased NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and MHCIIhi tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and decreased granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Notably, molecular analysis of isolated tumor-infiltrating leukocytes following NI-1701 administration revealed an upregulation of genes linked to immune activation, including IFNγ and IL-12b. Moreover, TAM-mediated phagocytosis of lymphoma tumor cells was enhanced in the TME in the presence of NI-1701, highlighting the role of macrophages in tumor control. In vivo cell depletion experiments demonstrated that both macrophages and NK cells contribute to the antitumor activity. In addition, NI-1701 enhanced dendritic cell-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells in vitro, resulting in an increased cross-priming of tumor-specific CD8 T cells.

Conclusions

The study described the mechanisms afforded by the CD47xCD19 bispecific antibody, NI-1701, at controlling tumor growth in lymphoma mouse model. NI-1701 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of refractory or relapsed B-cell lymphoma (NCT04806035).
Malaria from hyperendemicity to elimination along international borders in Yunnan, China during 2003‒2020: a case study
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Yaowu , Deng Yan , Lin Zurui , Zhang Canglin , Chen Qiyan , Wei Chun , Duan Kaixia , Tian Peng , Zhou Hongning , Xu Jianwei
Published: May 2022

Background

Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide. Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp. can cause cross-border malaria transmission. The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century. The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies, interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.

Main text

A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence (API) were reported in the border area in 2003. Based on natural village-based stratification, integrated interventions, including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment, clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013. The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013, while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar. From 2014 forward, the comprehensive strategy, including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases, a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas, successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.

Conclusions

In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions; and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance, rapid response and border collaboration. Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.

Graphical Abstract
EFL learners’ engagement in different activities of blended learning environment
Authors: Huang Min , Kuang Fangtao , Ling Ying
Published: May 2022

With the blended learning widespread in higher education, the research on the factors which can influence the students’ engagement and their working mechanism has become more and more valuable. In this study, college students’ perception on three aspects, i.e. their cognitive engagement and emotional engagement in two different activities, the activity features and teachers’ roles, has been collected through both questionnaires and interviews. Repeated variance measurement, Pearson correlation analysis and General linear regression have been used to process the quantitative data. Thematic analysis has been used to process the qualitative data. The results show that the cognitive engagement and emotional engagement in Teacher’s Q & A and Online discussion are significantly different (FCE = 10.32**, ŋ2 = 0.07; FEE = 29.60***, ŋ2 = 0.17). Students’ emotional engagement and cognitive engagement in activities are affected by various task features and teacher’s roles. Pedagogical implication and suggestions for further research have also been provided.
Analysis of missense SNPs in the SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 genes affecting the pharmacokinetics of metformin: Computational approach
Authors: Avsar Orcun
Published: May 2022

Background

Metformin as an anti-hyperglycaemic drug is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The metformin response is variable due to the interindividual variation of pharmacokinetics which is based on strong genetic background. MATE1 and MATE2 proteins are significantly implicated in the pharmacokinetics of metformin. Missense SNPs with high risk of pathogenicity are expected to affect response to metformin via pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to determine the effects of missense SNPs in the SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 genes. The structural and functional consequences of all known SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 missense SNPs of the human MATE1 and MATE2 proteins were identified by various bioinformatics methods (SIFT, PhD-SNP, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PMut, MUpro, I-Mutant 3.0, COACH, RaptorX Binding, ConSurf, STRING).

Results

The SLC47A1 variants P186T, L116P and the SLC47A2 variants I158N, L112P, V118G exhibited ΔΔG values less than − 1 kcal/mol, and these variants are considered to disrupt the structure and function of MATE1 and MATE2 proteins. SLC47A1 R118Q and SLC47A2 Y273C, V118G may significantly disturb protein function and transporting activities according to the analysis of ligand-binding regions.

Conclusion

It is suggested that high-risk deleterious missense SNPs may mediate the pharmacokinetics of metformin and may be associated with altered tissue distribution, renal clearance and metformin toxicity. We suppose that our results might serve as potential targets for the studies composed of the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the relationship between mutations and metformin response.
Lived experiences of transgender forced migrants and their mental health outcomes: systematic review and meta-ethnography
Authors: Hermaszewska Susannah , Sweeney Angela , Camminga B , Botelle Riley , Elliott Kate , Sin Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

Background

Owing to multiple, complex and intersecting health inequities, systemic oppression and violence and discrimination in their home countries, some transgender people are forced to migrate to countries that offer them better legal protection and wider social acceptance.

Aims

This review sought to explore and understand the multiple factors that shape the mental health outcomes of transgender forced migrants (TFMs).

Method

We systematically searched nine electronic databases for multidisciplinary literature (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020183062). We used a meta-ethnographic approach to synthesise data. We completed a quality appraisal and developed a socio-ecological model to draw together our findings.

Results

We retrieved 3399 records and screened titles, abstracts and full text to include 24 qualitative studies in this review. The synthesis identified individual survival strategies and factors in interpersonal, organisational and societal environments that contributed to profound deprivation and mental distress in TFMs. Pervasive and persistent violence and discrimination, economic exclusion, barriers to healthcare and a dependency on legal documentation were identified as key factors leading to poor mental health outcomes. Sources of resilience included community acceptance and support, being granted asylum, societal affirmation of gender, fulfilment of basic rights and healthcare access. Individual strategies for survival, such as hope and having purpose in life, were important in bringing relief from distress.

Conclusions

Improved communication and knowledge about the unique needs and concerns of TFMs through interventions at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal levels are necessary to improve mental health outcomes.
Key questions: research priorities for student mental health
Authors: Sampson Katie , Priestley Michael , Dodd Alyson L. , Broglia Emma , Wykes Til , Robotham Dan , Tyrrell Katie , Ortega Vega Marta , Byrom Nicola C.
Published: May 2022

Background

The high prevalence of mental distress among university students is gaining academic, policy and public attention. As the volume of research into student mental health increases, it is important to involve students to ensure that the evidence produced can translate into meaningful improvements.

Aims

For the first time, we consult UK students about their research priorities on student mental health.

Method

This priority setting exercise involved current UK university students who were asked to submit three research questions relating to student mental health. Responses were aggregated into themes through content analysis and considered in the context of existing research. Students were involved throughout the project, including inception, design, recruitment, analysis and dissemination.

Results

UK university students (N = 385) submitted 991 questions, categorised into seven themes: epidemiology, causes and risk factors, academic factors and work–life balance, sense of belonging, intervention and services, mental health literacy and consequences. Across themes, respondents highlighted the importance of understanding the experience of minority groups.

Conclusions

Students are interested in understanding the causes and consequences of poor mental health at university, across academic and social domains. They would like to improve staff and students’ knowledge about mental health, and have access to evidence-based support. Future research should take a broad lens to evaluate interventions; considering how services are designed and delivered, and investigating institutional and behavioural barriers to accessibility, including how this varies across different groups within the student population.
William Hogarth and Richard Steele
Authors: Paulson Ronald , Marshall Ashley
Published: May 2022

William Hogarth and Richard Steele were in many ways part of the same intellectual and religiopolitical milieu, one that also links them both to the radical Whig cleric Benjamin Hoadly. Modern scholars have almost always connected Steele to Joseph Addison, emphasizing Steele's morals-and-manners journalism—but this is not a fair representation of his output. Identifying the connections between Steele and Hogarth allows us to appreciate each man's more radical proclivities. Hogarth transforms Steele's populism into something still more radical, emphasizing religion, and to do so he exploits the greater flexibility, ambiguity, and complexity of the graphic mode. An examination of Steele and Hoadly, among other things, permits us to situate more precisely the “sacred parody” of Hogarth's major works on a grid of such terms as Radical Dissenter, Hoadlian Low Churchman, Deist, Enlightenment gentleman, and witty blasphemer.
A Primer for Teaching Digital History
Authors: Guiliano Jennifer
Published: May 2022

A Primer for Teaching Digital History is a guide for college and high school teachers who are teaching digital history for the first time or for experienced teachers who want to reinvigorate their pedagogy. It can also serve those who are training future teachers to prepare their own syllabi, as well as teachers who want to incorporate digital history into their history courses. Offering design principles for approaching digital history that represent the possibilities that digital research and scholarship can take, Jennifer Guiliano outlines potential strategies and methods for building syllabi and curricula. Taking readers through the process of selecting data, identifying learning outcomes, and determining which tools students will use in the classroom, Guiliano outlines popular research methods including digital source criticism, text analysis, and visualization. She also discusses digital archives, exhibits, and collections as well as audiovisual and mixed-media narratives such as short documentaries, podcasts, and multimodal storytelling. Throughout, Guiliano illuminates how digital history can enhance understandings of not just what histories are told but how they are told and who has access to them.
Circulating Tumor DNA in Adults With Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Biomarker Performance
Authors: McMahon James Tanner , Studer Matthew , Ulrich Bryan , Revuelta Barbero Juan M. , Pradilla Ivan , Palacios-Ariza Maria A. , Pradilla Gustavo
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising noninvasive biomarker to capture tumor genetics in patients with brain tumors. Research into its clinical utility, however, has not been standardized because the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA remain undefined.

OBJECTIVE:

To (1) review the primary literature about ctDNA in adults with glioma to compare the sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA in the cerebrospinal fluid vs the plasma and (2) to evaluate the effect of tumor grade on detection of ctDNA.

METHODS:

PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using published studies that assessed ctDNA in either plasma or cerebrospinal fluid among adult patients with confirmed glioma. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were generated using the Rücker-Schumacher method, and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

RESULTS:

Meta-analysis revealed improved biomarker performance for CSF (AUC = 0.947) vs plasma (AUC = 0.741) ctDNA, although this did not reach statistical significance (P = .141). Qualitative analysis revealed greater sensitivities among single-allele PCR and small, targeted next-generation sequencing panels compared with broader panels. It additionally demonstrated higher sensitivity of ctDNA detection in high-grade vs low-grade gliomas, although these analyses were limited by a lack of specificity reporting in many studies.

CONCLUSION:

ctDNA seems to be a highly sensitive and specific noninvasive biomarker among adults with gliomas. To maximize its performance, CSF should be studied with targeted genetic analysis platforms, particularly in high-grade gliomas. Further studies on ctDNA are needed to define its clinical utility in diagnosis, prognostication, glioblastoma pseudoprogression, and other scenarios wherein neoadjuvant therapies may be considered.
Fluorescent Nanofibers Self-assembled from a Diphenylanthracene Scissor-shaped Dyad
Authors: Suda Natsuki , Arima Hironari , Saito Takuho , Aizawa Takumi , Yagai Shiki
Published: May 2022

A scissor-shaped foldable diphenylanthracene dyad has been synthesized and found to self-assemble in a nonpolar solvent into elongated thin nanofibers, showing intense blue emission. At a millimolar concentration, efficient gelation was observed while the emission property of the building block was retained in the gel state.
Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Copper Mesh for Heavy Oil-water Separation
Authors: Liu Bing , Fu Ye , Guo Zhiguang
Published: May 2022

By etching copper mesh with ammonia-base and depositing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on it, nanoneedle-like Cu(OH)2 was formed, and then modified with n-hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to achieve superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity for heavy oil-water mixtures separation. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, good repeatability and worth in industrial applications.
Inequality in Early Care Experienced by US Children
Authors: Flood Sarah , McMurry Joel , Sojourner Aaron , Wiswall Matthew
Published: May 2022

Using multiple datasets on parental and non-parental care provided to children up to age six, we quantify differences in American children’s care experiences by socioeconomic status (SES), proxied primarily with maternal education. Increasingly, higher SES children spend less time with their parents and more time in the care of others. Non-parental care for high-SES children is more likely to be in childcare centers, where average quality is higher, and less likely to be provided by relatives, where average quality is lower. Even within types of childcare, higher-SES children tend to receive care of higher measured quality and higher cost. Inequality is evident at home as well: measures of parental enrichment at home, from both self-reports and outside observers, are on average higher for higher-SES children. Parental and non-parental qualityare positively correlated, leading to substantial inequality in the total quality of care received from all sources in early childhood.
Deep learning in breast imaging
Authors: Bhowmik Arka , Eskreis-Winkler Sarah
Published: May 2022

Millions of breast imaging exams are performed each year in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Breast imaging exams are performed for cancer screening, diagnostic work-up of suspicious findings, evaluating extent of disease in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients, and determining treatment response. Yet, the interpretation of breast imaging can be subjective, tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human error. Retrospective and small reader studies suggest that deep learning (DL) has great potential to perform medical imaging tasks at or above human-level performance, and may be used to automate aspects of the breast cancer screening process, improve cancer detection rates, decrease unnecessary callbacks and biopsies, optimize patient risk assessment, and open up new possibilities for disease prognostication. Prospective trials are urgently needed to validate these proposed tools, paving the way for real-world clinical use. New regulatory frameworks must also be developed to address the unique ethical, medicolegal, and quality control issues that DL algorithms present. In this article, we review the basics of DL, describe recent DL breast imaging applications including cancer detection and risk prediction, and discuss the challenges and future directions of artificial intelligence-based systems in the field of breast cancer.
Οι εμπορικές σχέσεις της Θήρας μέσα από τα κεραμικά ευρήματα των τάφων της Σελλάδας και του ιερού της Αφροδίτης
Authors: Τσαμπίρη Μαιλίντα
Published: May 2022

Η έρευνα αυτή πραγματεύεται την εισηγμένη και την εγχώρια κεραμική της Γεωμετρικής εποχής και των Αρχαϊκών χρόνων, όπως αυτή αντιπροσωπεύεται από τα ευρήματα ενός σημαντικότατου νεκροταφείου του κυκλαδικού χώρου, εκείνου της Σελλάδας της Θήρας, καθώς επίσης και του Ιερού της Αφροδίτης στο ίδιο κυκλαδονήσι. Τα αγγεία στη Θήρα αντιπροσωπεύουν διάφορες βαθμίδες εξέλιξης -είτε καλλιτεχνικά είτε εικονογραφικά-και έτσι μας δίνουν τη δυνατότητα να σχηματίσουμε μια συνολική εικόνα των σχέσεων που είχε αναπτύξει το νησί με τα μεγάλα εμπορικά κέντρα της εποχής. Επιπλέον, πριν την ανάλυση των διαφόρων εργαστηρίων, παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά οι τύποι των τάφων και τα ταφικά έθιμα του νεκροταφείου της Σελλάδας. Τέλος, ολοκληρώνοντας την παρουσίαση της Σελλάδας, ακολουθεί το ιερό της Αφροδίτης, όπου παράλληλα με την ανάλυση των ευρημάτων-προσφορών στη θεότητα, γίνεται και μια προσπάθεια αναγνώρισης της Αφροδίτης της Θήρας.
ON THE ISSUE OF WORLDVIEW AS AN INDICATOR OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: TOTROVA Z.H.
Published: May 2022

The anthropological theme is updated during periods of paradigm instability, which is characteristic of the modern period of history. The purpose of the article is to consider the worldview as an indicator of personality development, which involves solving problems of defining concepts: personality, the structure of the worldview and the factors of its formation. Research methods are philosophical and general logical. Research results. Worldview, as the highest stage of human development, is characterized by consistency and theoretical justification. Among the factors that create a personality, the person himself is decisive, making himself the object of critical analysis, becoming a formative subject, which indicates his spiritual (personal) maturity.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROCKET WEAPONS IN THE USSR IN THE 20-40S OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: BALYSH A.N. , CHIRICOVA O.B.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article. Establishment and development of the USSR rocket weapons for the period of the New Economic Policy and industrialization is one of the most interesting and poorly researched problem of the USSR military industry. The USSR first researches in the field of rocket weapons and ammunition creation, their features and results are poorly investigated by national historical science and just they are observed in the paper. Methodology. General principles of historism and objectivity are the theoretical-methodological base of this work. Author also use special historical methods: logic, systematic, chronological, actualisation and periodizing. Results. The paper is written by using the declassified documents for Official Use Only, by military technical documents, stored in the Russian National Library, little known memories of direct participants and some published researches. By considering these documents and materials it become clear that in the USSR before the Great Patriotic War a complex of problems on rocket weapon implementation were conditioned by objective and subjective reasons. The consequence of this was the adoption of some unfounded species of reactive weapons before the Great Patriotic War, who received an overestimated assessment and not justified all expectations and hopes assigned to them during the fighting. As a result, only by the end of the war these systems began to be used for their true purpose. Practical application. Practical significance of this work is as follows: facts shown in the article and conclusions drawn on them can be used for further research of USSR rocket weapon establishment and development in 20-40th years of XX century and also for Soviet history in general.
PEJORATIVE WORDS IN GERMAN MASS-MEDIA IN NOMINATIONS OF POLITICIANS
Authors: NARYKOVA N.A. , KHATAGOVA S.V. , PEREPELITSYNA Yu.R.
Published: May 2022

One of the main functions of mass media is influence on public opinion. So emotionally-painted lexical means are widely used in mass media in relation to leading politicians who are the centre of political arena. They are exposed to the frequent criticism, a negative estimation. The present article is devoted to the consideration of pejorative lexicon which is applied in nominations for heads of states. An empirical material of research were electronic newspapers and editions: Der Spiegel, Die Zeit, Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, taz, Die Welt, Gegenblende. As the basic methods of research are the following: the componental analysis, the lexico-semantic analysis, the stylistic analysis. The result of research revealed, that in German mass media there is a significant amount of persons names pejorative colouring. They express censure, disrespect, sneer, hatred, antipathy, condemnation, mistrust and so on. There main word-formations for persons nominations are composition, a derivation with using of suffixes and subsuffixes, attributive word-combinations, metaphorically-metonymical way. The materials of the research work can be used in the course of learning German language, at the practical training in oral speech, and also in the course of lexicology, general and aspect lexicography.
DIDACTIC CONDITIONS FOR ACTIVATION OF COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS
Authors: KISELNOKOV I.V.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to topical issues related to the development of a methodology for teaching mathematics, aimed at enhancing the educational and cognitive activity of students. The purpose of the article is the development of didactic conditions for the activation of students’ cognitive activity. The author is based on modern research on the problem of activating the cognitive activity of students. The leading approach is the process approach to learning, ensuring that students understand the mathematical content. The main result is the identification and substantiation of the conditions for the activation of educational and cognitive activity of students of technical universities in the process of teaching mathematics. The results of the research can serve as a basis for writing other scientific papers on a given topic. The practical significance is since the results of the study can be used for educational purposes.
INTERNET ADDICTION: DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA AND METHODS
Authors: MOSKALENKO O.L. , TERESHCHENKO S.YU. , KASPAROV E.V.
Published: May 2022

This article presents a review of the literature and analyzes scientific studies on the prevalence of Internet addiction in different countries. The authors conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI and others databases.
METABOLIC SYNDROME: PREVALENCE, DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA
Authors: MOSKALENKO O.L. , YASKEVICH R.A. , KASPAROV E.V.
Published: May 2022

This article presents a review of the literature and analyzes scientific research on the metabolic syndrome and diagnostic criteria. The authors conducted a scientific search using the relevant keywords in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI and others databases.
Św. Hieronim w Declarationes constitutionum o. Grzegorza Gyöngyösiego
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: May 2022

Artykuł przedstawia wszystkie teksty i miejsca, w których mnich zakonu świętego Pawła Pierwszego Pustelnika i generał tegoż zakonu – o. Grzegorz Gyöngyösi – odwołuje się do św. Hieronima ze Strydonu i wykorzystuje fragmenty jego dzieł w swoim komentarzu do najstarszych konstytucji paulińskich. Konstytucje te nie zachowały się do naszych czasów. Można je jednak odtworzyć dzięki dziełu o. Grzegorza – Declarationes constitutionum, w którym najpierw przytacza fragment tychże konstytucji, a następnie go komentuje. Artykuł analizuje jedynie te teksty z Declarationes constitutionum, które nawiązują do św. Hieronima ze Strydonu.
Rejection of the Jewish Idea of the Chosen People as a Consequence of Theological Egalitarianism in the Thought of Mordecai Kaplan
Authors: Szczerbiński Waldemar Piotr
Published: May 2022

In traditional Judaism, the truth that Jews are God’s Chosen People was universal and constitutive of both individual and collective identity. Most modern currents of Judaism (Orthodoxy, Conservatism, Reformed) continue to preach the belief in chosenness, based on religious obligations, the so-called mitzvot, which define a uniquely Jewish way of life and lead to moral holiness. However, Jewish Reconstructionism — the most recent and the most liberal paradigms of the Jewish religion — negates the idea of a chosen people completely, reflecting the notions espoused by its founder, Mordecai M. Kaplan, a staunch opponent of the belief that God chooses one people over another, one nation over other nations. This paper demonstrates how Kaplan re-envisioned the traditional truth about the Jews as the Chosen People. Relying on his analyses, the author demonstrates that Kaplan’s proposal arises from theological egalitarianism, on which the entire agenda of this current in Judaism is founded. The doctrine of chosenness is replaced in this case by the axiom of vocation, which does not elevate the Jews above other peoples, but presumes them to be equal with others. At the same time, Jews do not have to renounce their own path to salvation as a  part of their  civilization.
Face-lift with the use of an aesthetic massage technology: strategy and tactics
Authors: Badin I. , Gozhenko O. , Zukow W.
Published: May 2022

To date, massage technology can achieve the desired lifting effect, as well as to maintain the lifting effect is achieved by surgical methods. The choice of tactics aesthetic massage must be justified, and the program of lifting individual. One of the main action is the remodeling of the face and necks, which requires adequate stimulation of its physiological capabilities, aimed to recreate the three-dimensional organization and increase water capacity of the main substance of the dermis, the restoration of quality and quantity of fibrous structures, increased proliferative activity of fibroblasts. From the standpoint of achieving the desired result such as the rehabilitation phase of the relief of skin in problem areas of face, neck and neck, simulations of an oval face, the shortfall amount of soft tissue is a major and decisive. Esthetic massage technique proposed by us, based on a combination of different chiropractic techniques: effects on the skin, muscles, ligaments, face and neck, vascular tone, the state of the lymph ducts, reflex points and facial zone. It allows you to potentiate the effects of other methods of rejuvenation and leads to more effective anti-aging complex. Impact on the reflex zones and acupressure points for aesthetic facelift massage lead to: correction distress syndrome, stimulation of metabolic processes, improve sleep, normalization of muscle tone, activation of tissue regeneration, increased hormonal activity. Important components of aesthetic lifting massage - the duration of the sequence of steps, the repetition of massage techniques, combined application with other medical factors - hardware physiotherapy (iontophoresis, dermal mikrolifting, miostimulation, the use of low-energy laser radiation), cosmetic procedures, hormone - replacement and antioxidant therapy, techniques respiration. Conclusions When forming a lifting massage programs are not encouraged to develop long-term scheme of massage for patients with a strong gravitational ptosis and excess skin, with a predominance of large folds, the second chin. The patient should be advised to consult a plastic surgeon, should be encouraged to consistently complete a comprehensive cosmetic and therapeutic programs for patients who insist on quick results, with consultation of patients with exaggerated and inappropriate expectations of the need to emphasize the limitations and possible side effects and complications of procedures. Application of the technique of aesthetic face and neck massage in an anti-age-lifting programs can improve their effectiveness, both through the achievement of local anti-aging effect and improve the overall condition of the patients.
Integrated Optimization of Transit Networks with Schedule- and Frequency-Based Services Subject to the Bounded Stochastic User Equilibrium
Authors: Jiang Yu , Rasmussen Thomas Kjaer , Nielsen Otto Anker
Published: May 2022

In many European metropolitan areas, the urban transit system is a mixture of schedule- and frequency-based services. This study proposes an integrated transit frequency and schedule design problem (ITFSDP), where frequencies and schedules are simultaneously determined, and develops a biobjective model for the ITFSDP to minimize operation costs and total passenger-perceived generalized travel cost. Meanwhile, the passengers’ route choice behavior is described by the bounded stochastic user equilibrium (BSUE). The in-vehicle congestion effect is represented using a set of constraints that differ in terms of the sitting and standing costs as sitting and standing passengers perceive crowding differently. This set of constraints captures the realistic behavioral feature that having occupied a seat, users remain seated at subsequent stops in the same vehicle. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is subsequently linearized to a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved using a branch and bound algorithm. A column generation and reduction phase is embedded in the solution algorithm to obtain the bounded choice set according to the BSUE constraints. Experiments are conducted to illustrate the model’s properties and the performance of the solution method. In particular, we demonstrate a Braess-like paradoxical phenomenon in the context of transit scheduling and highlight that well-synchronized transit services can deteriorate the network performance in terms of the total passengers’ generalized travel cost when considering passenger congestion costs because of crowding.
Translation as a Course: A View of Indonesian EFL Postgraduate Students’ Attitude
Authors: Baihaqi Akhmad
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research is to investigate the Indonesian EFL Postgraduate students’ attitudes towards the course of translation. The researcher used a case study method by managing observation, interview, and questionnaire to collect the data. The questionnaire contained 30 items concerning students’ attitudes in terms of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. The participants in this present study were 11 students of the English Education Department of Postgraduate degree at a public university in Banten Province, Indonesia. The results indicate that the students hold positive attitudes toward the existence and the learning process of the translation course. These can be verified from the results of questionnaires which show that the average scores of positive attitudes for behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects consecutively are 74.3%, 80.6%, and 84.4%. These positive attitudes are not only affected by the lecturer-student interaction, but also by the cooperative learning atmosphere and experience that the lecturer and students manage while having a teaching and learning process of translation. Since attitudes can be modified by the experience, the effective translation teaching and learning process can encourage students to be more positive towards the translation course they are involved in.
Building Relationships with Community Members: Lessons Learnt from Fieldwork in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Ong Teresa
Published: May 2022

As the world is rapidly chasing processes of modernisation and globalisation, many ethnic communities are perceiving global languages, such as English and Mandarin, as the language-in-demand for academic and economic purposes. This situation leads to young people shifting away from heritage languages, and as a result, heritage languages are disappearing at an alarming rate. Similar situation is taking place in Malaysia, which leads me to conduct a study examining the efforts to maintain Chinese heritage languages in Penang. Data are collected via interviews conducted with 46 participants representing three categories of macro, meso, and micro levels within the Chinese community in Penang. In this article, my goal is to share some lessons learnt from the fieldwork. Specifically, I focus on unpacking three approaches to building relationships with members of the Chinese community. They are holding small talks, being flexible to code-switching, and giving back to the community. Resulting from such relationships is that the Chinese community in Penang become more aware of heritage language maintenance.
GRADIÊNCIA E MUDANÇA LINGUÍSTICA: O CASO DE “ENTRETANTO”
Authors: Paiva Maria da Conceição De , Medeiros Priscila Thaiss da Conceição de
Published: May 2022

A categorização dos diferentes tipos de unidades linguísticas em classes estanques constitui um problema central para qualquer modelo linguístico. No entanto, ganham relevo e tem despertado a atenção de estudiosos que defendem a inexistência de fronteiras entre sistema e uso. Na perspectiva dos Modelos Baseados no Uso, gradiência é concebida como uma característica inerente aos sistemas linguísticos e uma decorrência natural da gradualidade da mudança linguística. Neste artigo, retomamos essa questão com base em uma análise diacrônica do desenvolvimento de entretanto como elemento de conexão de unidades discursivas a partir de seus usos adverbiais. Através do levantamento de dados em textos dos períodos arcaico, clássico e moderno/contemporâneo do português, mostramos que a construção temporal entretanto incorporou propriedades dos elementos juntivos e estendeu-se para o domínio do contraste.  Segundo as evidências atestadas, esse processo pode ter sido impulsionado pelo fato de que a construção adverbial e a construção juntiva partilham diversas propriedades morfossintáticas e contextuais. Destaca-se a importância da posição de entretanto na periferia esquerda da oração, sua coocorrência com outros elementos de ligação, o tipo de estado de coisas codificado na oração, assim como suas propriedades aspectuais e de modo. Essa convergência conduz a uma gradação de usos que se situam num continuum entre advérbio e conector.
DAS “PALAVRAS ALHEIAS” ÀS “MINHAS PALAVRAS”: A SINGULARIDADE E O POSICIONAMENTO DISCURSIVO DE UM SURDO
Authors: Dias Felipe Andrei Dos Santos , Souza Bentes Rita de Nazareth
Published: May 2022

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a construção do discurso próprio com base no discurso de outrem, mostrando o movimento dialógico da palavra alheia em língua portuguesa à palavra própria em Libras de um estudante surdo, do curso de Letras/Libras da Universidade Pública do Estado. Nesse movimento dialógico de construção das vozes, identifica-se o posicionamento valorativo do discurso desse sujeito surdo nos eventos acadêmicos intercalado pelo discurso alheio. A metodologia é organizada na análise de um discurso proferido pelo surdo, no III Colóquio de Estudos Bakhtinianos, do Grupo de Estudos e Linguagem e Praticas da Amazônia (GELPEA) em 2018, na Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). A fundamentação teórica é baseada em Bakhtin (2010;2016) que trata da participação concreta, real e responsável do sujeito na relação com o outro no acontecimento histórico cultural – um ser expressivo das ciências humanas que dialoga; Volóchinov (2017), que aborda sobre o discurso alheio constitutivo do discurso autoral; e Freire (2016), que aborda a consciência do sujeito, do inacabamento e do estar no mundo com responsabilidade ética. Os resultados mostram que o surdo pesquisado elabora seu posicionamento de forma singular do tema “alteridade” na esfera universitária. Outras vozes intercalam-se à voz do estudante surdo em um processo de alteridade. O movimento dialógico organiza-se do posicionamento responsável e responsivo do surdo de ler outros textos relacionados à discussão do evento, para construir dialogicamente o seu discurso autoral. Nessa construção, revela-se o inacabamento do ser e o caráter dialógico.
ECG of the month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: May 2022

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 51-year-old man experienced a burning sensation which developed into severe chest pain.
Economic outcomes associated with deep surgical site infection from lower limb fractures following major trauma
Authors: Png May Ee , Petrou Stavros , Knight Ruth , Masters James , Achten Juul , Costa Matthew L.
Published: May 2022

Aims

This study aims to estimate economic outcomes associated with 30-day deep surgical site infection (SSI) from closed surgical wounds in patients with lower limb fractures following major trauma.

Methods

Data from the Wound Healing in Surgery for Trauma (WHiST) trial, which collected outcomes from 1,547 adult participants using self-completed questionnaires over a six-month period following major trauma, was used as the basis of this empirical investigation. Associations between deep SSI and NHS and personal social services (PSS) costs (£, 2017 to 2018 prices), and between deep SSI and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), were estimated using descriptive and multivariable analyses. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of uncertainty surrounding components of the economic analyses.

Results

Compared to participants without deep SSI, those with deep SSI had higher mean adjusted total NHS and PSS costs (adjusted mean difference £1,577 (95% confidence interval (CI) -951 to 4,105); p = 0.222), and lower mean adjusted QALYs (adjusted mean difference -0.015 (95% CI -0.032 to 0.002); p = 0.092) over six months post-injury, but this difference was not statistically significant. The results were robust to the sensitivity analyses performed.

Conclusion

This study found worse economic outcomes during the first six months post-injury in participants who experience deep SSI following orthopaedic surgery for major trauma to the lower limb. However, the increase in cost associated with deep SSI was less than previously reported in the orthopaedic trauma literature. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):398–403.
PCIe-based FPGA-GPU heterogeneous computation for real-time multi-emitter fitting in super-resolution localization microscopy
Authors: Gui Dan , Chen Yunjiu , Kuang Weibing , Shang Mingtao , Zhang Yingjun , Huang Zhen-Li
Published: May 2022

Real-time multi-emitter fitting is a key technology for advancing super-resolution localization microscopy (SRLM), especially when it is necessary to achieve dynamic imaging quality control and/or optimization of experimental conditions. However, with the increase of activation densities, the requirements in the computing resources would increase rapidly due to the complexity of the fitting algorithms, making it difficult to realize real-time multi-emitter fitting for emitter density more than 0.6 mol/µm2 in large field of view (FOV), even after acceleration with the popular Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computation. Here we adopt the task parallelism strategy in computer science to construct a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) based all-in-one heterogeneous computing platform (AIO-HCP), where the data between two major parallel computing hardware, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and GPU, are interacted directly and executed simultaneously. Using simulated and experimental data, we verify that AIO-HCP could achieve a data throughput of up to ∼ 1.561 GB/s between FPGA and GPU. With this new platform, we develop a multi-emitter fitting method, called AIO-STORM, under big data stream parallel scheduling. We show that AIO-STORM is capable of providing real-time image processing on raw images with 100 µm × 100 µm FOV, 10 ms exposure time and 5.5 mol/µm2 structure density, without scarifying image quality. This study overcomes the data throughput limitation of heterogeneous devices, demonstrates the power of the PCIe-based heterogeneous computation platform, and offers opportunities for multi-scale stitching of super-resolution images.