bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haven-Garden System: an Alternative Garden for Temperate-Plants with Microcontroller Application
Authors: Saadah Aris Fadzallah Maryam , Mohd Sani Maizura , Mohd Hussain Mashitah , Kassim Murizah
Published: July 2024

Based on the concept of current commercialized greenhouse, a simple system is created to control the modified greenhouse into a â€œsheltered-gardenâ€. This modified greenhouse is made to be different from the conventional ones in terms of its size and control system. The size is designed to fit a normal garden instead of a crop, and the system conceived to be low-cost thus much simpler. Named as Haven-Garden, the system is composed of a PIC16F877A microcontroller via programming language written using PIC Simulator IDE which controls curtain, light sensors, exhaust fan, LCD, LEDs and temperature sensor. All these components are integrated to create a controlled environment in ensuring the necessities of temperature, lighting, humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) are delivered adequately to the plants. In this study, the system has the ability to make decisions in providing necessary light intensity needed by controlling the openness of the curtain in the Haven-Garden according to the light radiates by the sun. On the other hand, the conventional light controller does not have the ability to solve this kind of issues, and can only be seen as in big greenhouse project and higher scope of crops to be covered. Therefore, this study identifies a design of a simple and low-cost system integrated with hardware circuit of automated controller using PIC16F877A microcontroller, controlling various parameters inside the â€œalternative gardenâ€. A system was successfully been created as an alternative to a contemporary garden but with far more beneficial as it helps in managing all the plantsâ€™ necessities thus organizing the ownerâ€™s time better. In this study, tests cases have illustrated that dynamic control method could be a suitable alternative method compared to conventional control methods that could save electricity consumption and offers ease of use to human being. The input variables were indoor lighting, inference from outdoor lighting, and temperature while the output variables were the required illumination to achieve the standard; presented in LED lighting, an exhaust fan to control the temperature and humidity, curtain to eliminate excessive light from direct sunlight and an LCD to monitor the temperature inside the Haven-Garden for more effectiveness.Â Â Â
FKEPG-LIMS : Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik Kampus Pasir Gudang Lab Inventory Management System
Authors: Yasmin Abdul Rahman Farah , Kasuan Nurhani , Hisham Mat Saat Ezril , Hasliza Abdul Rahman Noor , Iqtiyan Ilham Nur , Noor Suhana Jamil Siti
Published: July 2024

Information are the most valuable commodity in the modern era. In todayâ€™s lifestyle, society are virtually swarmed with a lot of Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â information that cannot be misplaced or vanished. This study presents a development of web-based lab inventory management system that is used to record, manage and retrieve the lab equipment and components in Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik Kampus Pasir Gudang namely FKEPG-LIMS. The main purpose of this study is to assist faculty members to view and keep track all the available lab Â Â Â Â Â Â equipment that have been purchased. The users can be classified as the Faculty Head, lab technicians, lecturers and students. The Â Â Â Â Â Â database is developed using MySQL and the HTML script written in PHP and Adobe Dreamweaver used design the web interface. The research has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of FKEPG-LIMS in managing and storing all the information. The stored Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â information can also be retrieved, edited and deleted. The developed lab inventory management system will benefits users by providing fast and precise solution in inventory management.Â Â
Low-Cost Real-Time Mobile Air-Quality Monitoring System (AQMS)
Authors: Amanina Binti Asim Iman , Murizah Binti Kamarudin Asmaâ€™ , Onn Munirah , Azeehan AzliÂ¬ Shakira , Zainuddin Aznilinda , Mohd Zain Norlina , Kamarudin Hasan Khairul
Published: July 2024

Air quality is one of the dominant health and environmental interest issues in the world thus it is important to monitor air quality at surrounding area especially in big cities and urban areas. This paper explains the development of a reliable and cost-effective air quality monitoring system (AQMS) that can measure the air quality at indoor and outdoor area and to alert the user of the hazardous air quality index (AQI) level through an alarm system upon detection. By using Arduino platform and various sensors along with a flat-panel liquid-crystal display (LCD) and Bluetooth module, the system detects the level of the hazard gases, temperature and humidity of the area. The AQMS is a portable air quality index (AQI) acquisition device that is simple to carry and provide real-time measurement on the LCD. It is a user-friendly device and handy to operate. The AQMS gives the public an opportunity to monitor the air quality personally and helps to bring awareness on the real-time air quality around them and improve the air quality.Â Â Â
Comparative Analysis of Model Reference Adaptive Controller in Steam Distillation Process for Essential Oil Extraction System
Authors: Kasuan Nurhani , Hezri Fazalul Rahiman Mohd , Nasir Taib Mohd , Hafiz A. Jalil Mohd , Abd Majid Masmaria , Yasmin Abd Rahman Farah
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to study the Model Reference Adaptive Controller using MIT-Rule and Lyapunov applied in a pilot-scale steam distillation process. The control objective of MRAC is to regulate steam temperature in the distillation column for essential oil extraction system. A first-order auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) function is derived to represent steam temperature model for numerical experimentation and extended to real-time implementation. During the experiments, the MRAC MIT-Rule and Lyapunovâ€™s are tested with and without integral component in the controller structure. It shows that eliminating the integral give stable response and low steady-state error compared to MRAC with the integral. The MRACâ€“MIT controller has fast response and low SSE and RMSE compared to the MRACâ€“Lyapunov in both simulation and real-time experimentation.Â Â
Research Framework for Safety Culture in Malaysian Education Sector: Moderating Effect of Safety Knowledge
Authors: Kamilah Makhtar Nor , Parasuraman Balakrishnan , Nazri Zakaria Mohd , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Husna Che Hassan Nurul
Published: July 2024

The main purpose of the conceptual paper is to discuss development of a proposed conceptual framework in exploring the relationship between psychological, behaviour and situational dimension towards safety culture in Malaysian education sector focusly in Vocational College (VC). Previous literature showed fewer frameworks that have been established in occupational sector. A quantitative method was adopted, in which sample for the study was limited to vocational instructors that only teach enginering technology courses. The paper discusses possible relationship between all three dimensions with safety culture and offers a conceptual framework based on Cooperâ€™s Reciprocal Safety Cuture Model. Additional research is needed to empirically validate the proposed conceptual framework in the other organisation under education sector in Malaysia such as primary and secondary school, boarding school and also Matriculation College. This paper could assist top management and teachers in school to have deeper understanding of the importance of creating a positive safety culture at the workplace. The proposed conceptual framework could be used as a leading indicator for future research in this area especially in education sector.Â Â Â
Comparison Performance of Robustness Test using Intelligent Fuzzy based Controller for Simulation Study
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Zakiah , Dalila Khirul Ashar Nur , Muhammad Zuraida , Fadzilah Razali Noor , Azeehan Azli Shakira , Faiz Zainal Abidin Amar , Kamaruddin Hasan Khairul
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comparison simulation performance of robustness test using intelligent fuzzy based controller in extraction process of essential oil. In this study, the control variable is the steam temperature since it gives large effect to quality of essential oil.Â  Ideally, the aims of control system applications and design the controllers is to ensure the close loop system satisfies performance criteria such as the system must be stable, minimize the effects of disturbances, good set-point tracking which is rapid and smooth response to set point changes.Â  Thus, the robustness test is applied in this study to provide the controller that can produce a smooth control response and also robust to any changes of the operation conditions during running process. The standard performance criteria used to represent dynamic performance are percentage overshoot, rise time, settling time, root mean square error (RMSE) and time on recovering load disturbance. The STFPID controller that was used in controlling steam temperature for extraction process shows the excellent performances based on the result. However, both controllers pass the robustness test with small %OS, RMSE, settling time and rise time.Â Â
A novel LSB steganographic method using partition and matching algorithms
Authors: Singh Sukhjit , V.K Jain Dr. , Amanpreet Singh Dr.
Published: July 2024

There is always a trade-off between embedding efficiency and hiding capacity of secret information. This paper presents a new ste-ganographic technique that improves the embedding efficiency and hiding capacity. For hiding information we extract LSB bits from 24-bit bmp color image. The LSB bits are joined to form an array of bits. An array is divided into N partitions depending upon the size of secret information to hide. The secret information is also divided into N partitions. Each data part finds the best possible matching location within each LSB array partition. The maximum bit matching depends upon the size of data partition, size of LSB array partition and the number of partitions used. The novelty of the proposed method is that the embedding capacity can be increased to desired level with lesser effect on embedding efficiency while maintaining security of embedded data. The paper presents efficient algorithms for bit manipulation that decreases the distortion and increases the embedding efficiency. The proposed technique shows an improvement over the existing LSB embedding methods.Â Â
A survey on outlier detection methods in data mining
Authors: Thomas Roy , E. Judith J.
Published: July 2024

Outliers are data objects whose characteristics differ from the mainstream characteristics of the data objects in a data set. Outlier detection plays a vital role in statistics as well as in data mining. Outlier detection effects to find out hidden and important information from large data sets. It has been a research field with diverse application areas for the past few decades. Outlier detection has been a topic of research in many fields like detecting malicious activity in cyber security, finding fake transactions in banking, detecting abnormality in medical data, identifying defects in industrial products etc. and various methods have been developed for detecting outliers. Most of the methods are developed specifically for certain applications while others are generic methods. Outlier detection methods are grouped into supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised methods depending on the availability of class labels. Outlier detection methods can also be classified into statistical, proximity-based, clustering-based and classification-based depending on the type of data. We, in this paper, present the relative advantages and limitations of various methods used for detecting outliers.Â Â
Fiber Communication System Based on FBG As Dispersion Compensator, Design And Experimental Setup
Authors: A. Kadhim Shehab , A. Kazr Karrar , H. Ali Alaa , I. Mahmood Aseel
Published: July 2024

The technological progress in the means of transmission of information is very fast and it becomes necessary to obtain high speed in data transmission and high data rate. The developments in optical communication systems cover these needs, so the developments in these systems become an urgent need. However, despite all characteristics and advantages of optical communication systems, there is the dis-persion problem. In this research we will get rid of this problem in practice through the use of fiber Bragg grating connected to two separate and different wavelengths then connecting them to the Wavelength Division Multiplexing and send them to a distance of 3 Km then calculate the amount of dispersion in the signal with and without fiber Bragg grating and compare the results.Â
Optimization and prediction of laser micro-grooving by artificial neural network
Authors: . Sivarao , Z. Khalim A. , Yusoff Yusliza , Pujari S , Sivakumar D. , A. Amran M.
Published: July 2024

Lasers are widely used in machining industry as a cutting tool ultra-flexible, produce high quality end product, quick set up, non-mechanical contact between the workpiece and the tool, and small size of the heat affected zone are some of the good features of laser cutting. However, laser cutting of sheet metal has limitation in machining of circular geometries by turning operation. There-fore, a novel approach has been devised to investigate in transforming a 2D flatbed CO2 laser cutting machine into 3D laser lathing capability as an alternative solution. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANN) were employed to build a predictive model for depth quality of micro-grooving commercially pure (CP) titanium grade 2 by using a flatbed (CO2) laser cutting. The predicting model includes five input variables of the power, the gas pressure, the cutting speed, the focal distance and the depth of cut. It is found that from the ANN model developed, near optimum groove depth values are generated where the average prediction error is 6.48%.Â Â
Study on the Effect of Different Electrode on Capacitive Deionization Microfluidic Desalination
Authors: T. Heng J. , A. Abdulbari Hayder
Published: July 2024

Recent year, microfluidics desalination technology is on its immerging path which utilizes the domination of many apparent fluids physical properties (viscosity and surface tension) in the micro-flow systems. As compared to the traditional and commercially applied desalination methods, microfluidics overcomes most of the drawbacks such as high power consumption and low separation performance. It is believed that the flow of liquids in the micro-scaled designed structures will optimize the separation efficiency and will definitely lead to higher desalination performance. In the present work, a microfluidic desalination chip was introduced. The microfluidic desalination chip was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography method and two types of electrode were used which are titanium and aluminium. The desalination efficiency was being observed, analyzed and evaluated at the constant flow rate of 90 mL/h using capacitive deionization method. The desalination efficiency with titanium and aluminium electrode was achieved with 15% and 65%, respectively. The surface morphology of both used and unused electrodes was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings in this work show that the desalination efficiency was rely on the electrode surface properties.Â Â
A fifteen level modified active neutral point clamped multilevel converter for isolated power supply systems
Authors: Thomas Jacob Jeby , D Kirubakaran Dr.
Published: July 2024

The application of multilevel level power converters in various fields of electrical industry gained momentum during the last decade. Hybrid multilevel converters (HMC) are emerging as an alternative to the conventional two stage inverter topology in high and medium power industrial sectors. Consistency in operation, quality of output power and litheness in enhancement are the vital factors contributed to the development of hybrid multilevel converters. The major challenge met by HMCâ€™s are to attain a trade-off between the number of dc sources, switching devices and voltage levels. This paper presents the development of a modified active neutral point clamped fifteen level multi-level converter for isolated power supply electric systems. A Variable Frequency Overlapped Carrier (VFOC) modulation scheme is implemented for capacitor voltage balancing and switching loss reduction. Proposed system has been simulated under Matlab Simulink environment and a low power laboratory prototype is developed for endorsing the reliability and efficiency of the proposed converter.Â Â
Lift of Cambered Flapping Wing Inspired by Bats
Authors: Yusoff Hamid , Iswadi Ismail Noor , Shuib Solehuddin , Rozi Mat Nawi Muhad , Suhaimi Shafiq
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a bio-mimic approach was used to help characterise a flapping wing for the design of a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). The main objective of this study is to characterise the lift performance of a flapping wing inspired by bat wings at different angle of attack (AoA), advance ratio (J) and wing camber. A series of flapping bat wings with different wing camber (flat, 6% camber, 9% camber, 12% camber, and 15% camber) was tested for its time averaged lift (CLavg) at AoA of 0â° to 50â° and at three different advance ratios which are; 0.88 (unsteady state regime), 1.76 (steady state regime), 3.09 (steady state regime). The result shows that as the advance ratio increases, the generated CLavg begins to decay but the enhancement of CLavg between increasing camber increases. This shows that wing camber begins to have a bigger role at higher advance ratio and hold the key to overcoming the adverse effect of high steady state flight regime on a flapping wing.Â Â
The Study of Water Media in Green Towerâ€™s Solar Collector
Authors: Hailmee Solihin Zainoor , Wisnoe Wirachman , Zailani Ramlan , Yusoff Noriah
Published: July 2024

In general, the solar collector of a Green Tower is either air-filled or empty space. This condition allows the solar chimney to have constant air flow supply from the solar collector. In this study, water media is introduced inside the solar collector as an effort to increase the performance of the Green Tower. As solar energy is harvested, energy is stored inside the collector. Thus, this study investigates the Green Tower performance using the solar collector with water-filled media. Â The investigation is done by simulating the solar collector with water-filled condition using Computer Fluid and Dynamic (CFD) software. From here, the viability of employing the water-filled solar collector is validated. This report presents the mathematical model of the understudied conditions and compared against the experimental as well as simulation data. The simulation results show that the Green Tower's performance is very promising with good temperature output were recorded at 55Â°C and temperature difference between CFD2 (water medium) and CFD1 (air medium) was steadily recorded at approximately 12Â°C. Increased in the resulting temperature is observed by using the water-filled solar collector.Â  However, the air velocity is recorded near identical between CFD1 and CFD2 due to thermal coefficient of water is higher compared to air thus resist the heat to be transferred into the heat exchanger. In conclusion, the temperature distribution inside the Green Tower is increased because of using water as a medium inside the solar collector.Â  But, the heat stored inside the collector remains longer with water-filled medium thus, this condition allows the Green Tower to function during the night time as well; when the solar radiation is unavailable.Â Â
Review of Photovoltaic Cells for Solar-Powered Aircraft Applications
Authors: Bashir Danjuma Safyanu , Omar Zamri , Noor Abdullah Mohd
Published: July 2024

This review paper presents the study of photovoltaic cells for solar-powered aircraft applications. Different PV cells and Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPTs) are evaluated, and those applicable to solar-powered aircraft are stated. A good irradiance model is developed based on Malaysia as a case study using R.SUN (IET, 2013). The model was developed using the Photovoltaic Geography Information System (PVGIS) of the European Union. PVGIS provide online interactive maps of potentials in Europe, Asia and Africa. The deviation from the tilt angle and geographical location of the flight to follow the cambered airfoil, the camber efficiency is introduced. The cells are designed to dispose of the wings and connected in series to ensure they have a similar orientation. For the flexibility of PV silicon cells for encapsulation on the wing, thin film solar cells is ascertaining suitable to be the best. For the silicon solar cell, because of their brittle nature, two methods were adopted to ensure the silicon solar cell is bend to the airfoil to minimise loss of efficiency.Â Â
Assessment of Images of Birds Captured by Low-Cost Drone using Agisoft Photoscan
Authors: Aqil Nizamudin Adry , Mazlina Wan Mohamed Wan
Published: July 2024

Birds are significant flying vertebrates in agriculture, thus the search for effective bird detection technique has been getting increasingly necessary. This paper proposes a low-cost technique to detect birds using off-the-shelf drone with built-in camera. The objective of this research is to identify the number of birds at the selected area based on images captured by drone at different altitude. The images were analysed using Agisoft Photoscan software. The research was carried out at Tasik Shah Alam, and focused on storks. The results indicated that the most number of storks detected were at 15 and 20 metres. This signifies that the closer the camera is to the birds, the clearer the images will be. At lower altitude, the images captured are found to be more precise than at higher altitude. This is probably due to the vegetation blocking the view of the camera at higher altitude. It is recommended to use thermal camera compared to visual camera due to the former capability of detecting hidden birds based on heat generated, where visual camera could not capture.Â
Simplified Femoral Bone Model for Numerical Analysis of Proximal Femur
Authors: H. Khan M. , Daud R. , K. Ali Hassan M. , F.Azizan A.
Published: July 2024

Numerous studies had been conducted to analyze the performance of implant for treating femoral head fractures utilizing finite element (FE) method. However, most studies use the whole femoral bone structure as the main model for conducting the numerical analysis. This will significantly increase the complexity to calculate the solution due to the higher number of meshing nodes and elements. Simplified femoral bone model without the shaft and distal region may be able to solve this issue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the viability of simplified femoral bone model for conducting a numerical analysis of femoral head. In this study, two proximal bone models were constructed; by creating a cutting plane orthogonal to the shaft of the original model and another by cutting a plane orthogonal to the femoral head. The maximum stresses were measured along the femoral neck based from the simulated von Mises stresses. Based from the results, the proximal bone model with cut plane orthogonal to the femoral shaft showed the closes overall stress distribution to the original femoral bone model with 4.32% error. Thus, the simplified model is suitable to be used to replace the original femoral model for proximal femur FE analysis.Â Â
The Effectiveness of Different Insole Material in Plantar Pressure Reduction : a Pilot Study
Authors: Shuib Solehuddin , Salwa Ahmad Anis , Rahman Omar Abdul , Faiz Borhanuddin Muhammad , Hanif Ahmad Hamidi Shahfuan
Published: July 2024

Standing is natural human position which is an upright body position against gravity and supported only by feet. It normally caused no health hazard. However, frequent standing together with awkward standing postures may cause discomfort to the foot. This is due to higher value of plantar pressure under the foot and in the long run, its can leads to other health problems such as musculoskeletal disorder. Therefore, insole is believed to have capacity to reduce the plantar pressure under the foot by redistribute the pressure. The use of insole to reduce the plantar pressure has been well document in previous study but very little data reported on assessment among healthy subjects. Hence, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of four different types of insole materials using plantar pressure measurement. The material uses in this study are ethyl vinyl acetateÂ (EVA), Polyurethane (PU), Polyester and Polyurethane with gel (PU gel). Four healthy male volunteer with age mean and SD (24Â±1.7) years and weight (66Â±0.82) kg is required to stand in an upright position with minimal movement allowed. The comparison of four insoles with barefoot condition shows that PU insole is the most effective material because it can reduce 16.28% of plantar pressure.Â Â
Development and Evaluation of a Spot Sensor Glove for the Tactile Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Najeh Nemah Mohammed , Yee Low Cheng , Ong Pauline , Ayuni Che Zakaria Noor
Published: July 2024

A tactile glove sensory system of the haptic feedback stimulation system for the upper limb prostheses was developed in this work to enable the patients of the upper limb amputation to recover the sense of touch and slippage. The system features six of a spot piezoresistive force sensors of type Quantum tunnelling compositesÂ (QTC) with 10 mm diameter, in order to measure the contact pressure between the hand and the objects. Five sensors were distributed on each fingertip and an extra sensor was mounted on the handâ€™s palm to cover all the critical point and increase the probability of detecting the contact pressure. The tactile glove was fabricated from the plastic glove equipping with a rigid foundation under each pressure sensor. The computer system was programmed to select the instant greatest signal from the six sensorsâ€™ signals; in order to create a critical output signal that can be provided to the haptic feedback stimulator. The touch and the slippage detection experimental tests have been done to examine the functionality of the tactile sensory glove for detecting the touch, start of touch, end of touch grasp, and slippage. The testing results showed that the amputees were able to recover the sensation of the contact pressure using a spot sensor tactile glove developed in this work.Â Â
Influence of Resin Content and Particle Size on Particleboard from Leucaena Leucocephala
Authors: Yuziah Mohd Yunus Nor , Kasim Jamaludin , Razali Zulhilmi , Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman Wan
Published: July 2024

Overcoming shortage of raw material for particleboard manufacturing in Malaysia is crucial. Using fast growing forest plantation species such as Leucaena leucocephala provide a possibility. The study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard (density 700 kgm3) from Leucaena leucocephala with variables of resin content (10, 12 & 14 %). and particle size (1.0 mm, 2.0 mm & Unscreen).Â  Resin used was melamine urea formaldehyde, for high moisture resistance particleboard.Â  It is aimed for use at flooring and wet kitchen cabinet. Resin content influence physical and mechanical properties of particleboard with increase of resin content. Bigger particle size contributes to better mechanical properties, but higher in absorption of water. The result shows treatments passing minimum requirements of BS EN standard.Â Â
Tactile Sensing Fingers Device Using Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC) Pills
Authors: Aqilah Ahmad Ahsana , Izzah Lina Azman Nur , Azmi Ayub Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the potential of a material namely Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC) pills as a tactile sensor. The properties and potential of QTC pill motivate this study to develop a new tactile finger device to increased muscle strength and functional ability of the hands. This is due to the health problems involving hand such as a stroke, Parkinson and carpal tunnel syndrome have difficulties to remain stable when grasping objects. QTC is a smart polymer matrix composite and a unique material. It acts as an insulator but in the highest compression exerted, it acts as a conductor. This is due to no electron can pass through this material when there is no compression. The experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the pills by plotting Force vs. Resistance graph. It is found out that these pills are capable to detect variation of force changing between 0gF to 500gF within 5seconds after loads are applied to the pills. In addition, the sensor glove device had also been designed using QTC Pills as a tactile sensor. Then, the prototype is used to evaluate three several types of gripping touches which are no gripping touch, light gripping touch, and heavy gripping touch of sphere shape objects (61.4g). The sensor should be able to detect the slightest changes in force exerted to the ball using this simple grapping action. The re-sults are visualized by using myRIO hardware and labVIEW software. Force values of the gripping action are recorded for each finger; thumb, index, middle, ring and small finger. This work hopefully be able to assist in a rehabilitation process and use as a measurement tool to quantity the patientâ€™s hands gripping ability when compared to a healthy person.Â Â
The Development of Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Patients
Authors: M. Desa H. , I. Ideris M. , Jailan R. , M. Tahir N.
Published: July 2024

A new set of lower limbs exoskeleton was developed for the use of hemiplegic stroke patients. The movement of the exoskeleton according to normal gait cycle was driven by two direct currents (DC) stepper motors. These motors incorporated with the worm-gear to provide forward-reverse rotation, constant power and high torque at lower speed. It will be used to drive the hip and knee movements to support the stroke patient in restoring and regaining physical lower limb movements. Hip and knee movements exercise is important to improve blood circulation as well as to avoid the deterioration of leg muscle of the paralyzed patients. In this paper, a system was tested on 6 healthy subjects with different height and weight. The exoskeleton movement was controlled through an android application by Arduino controller. The result showed that every subject, despite having different height and weight, gave similar results in the angle but with different execution time, depending on their walking pattern.Â
Computer vision performance metrics evaluation of object detection based on Haar-like, HOG and LBP features for scale-invariant lettuce leaf area calculation
Authors: James Loresco Pocholo , Bandala Argel , Culaba Alvin , Dadios Elmer
Published: July 2024

Leaf area can be used as a growth parameter as such it increases as the stage of lettuce progresses. Consideration of scale invariance in estimating the area poses challenging machine vision problems in a smart farm setup. To address this, a marker with a known area is utilized for the system for normalizing area measurements. This study proposes an automated object detection (marker) using Viola-Jones algorithm that uses Haar-like, HOG and LBP features. Performances of the system using each feature at varying illuminations and distances are then compared. Based on the result of this study, the highest performance in general, based on accuracy, precision, and false positive rate is achieved using HOG features.Â Â
Seismic performance of concrete dam-reservoir system
Authors: H.Humaish Asad , S.Shamkhi Mohammed , K. Al-Hachami B. Sc Thulfiqar
Published: July 2024

This research is devoted to experimental work on the dynamic response of concrete gravity dam (small scale model under 1-g) taking into account the dam-reservoir and the dam-foundation interaction using the earthquake simulator shaking table which was designed and manufactured for this purpose. A 1-g dam model tests are performed and the soil foundation underneath the dam model was prepared using an air pluviation technique to obtain the relative density of 55% (medium dense soil). Many specific instruments were used: accelerometers, lvdts, pore water pressure and dynamic water pressure to measure different parameters during shaking. Two cases of tests were conducted: i) Dam built on saturated cohesion-less soil (test-1) and ii) The filled with water dam model (test-2). The seismic behavior is investigated during shaking (i.e. dynamic response and the seismic displacement) and the failure mechanism is inspected during the shaking. It was concluded that the case where the dam was filled with water is more stable during shaking that the other case and the failure mechanism is totally different. (I.e. sliding and overturning failure). The acceleration response spectra and the pore water pressure are measured and analyzed as well.Â Â
Evaluation Of E-Learning Video in Sasak Alus Language
Authors: Anwar Zul , Wibawa Basuki , Ibrahim Nurdin
Published: July 2024

The learning process is a system which consists of various components that work together to achieve the goal. One of the components of the system is learning resources.Learning resources can be distinguished in general into two, namely learning resources by design and by utilization. Learning resources that are formulated and developed can be in the form of videos. The e-learning video of the development results before being used is first evaluated by being validated and then revised until the learning resources are appropriate to be used. Once it is considered that it can be used, the use is disseminated. This research is an evaluation study consisting of four steps. First, one-to-one evaluation by expert; second, one-to-one evaluation by learners; third, small group evaluation; and fourth, field trials.Data were collected using questionnaires then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the evaluation of the source of learning from video in one to one evaluation by experts then obtained an average value of 79.6, the results of one to one evaluation by learners then obtained a value an average of 83.8, the results of a small group trial amounted to 80.0, and the results of field trials were 85.8. Based on the results of these trials, it can be concluded that the learning resources of the videos developed are appropriate for use in the process of learning of local subject.Â Â
Gender Inequality: Concept and Measurement (A Study of Indonesia on ASEAN)
Authors: Bangun Wilson
Published: July 2024

Indonesia is the largest country in ASEAN but has the largest gender gap in ASEAN-5. This study aims to know the large of gender inequality in Indonesia on ASEAN. Five important dimensions to measurement of gender inequality, there are economic participation, economic opportunity, political empowerment, educational attainment, and health and well-being. This research is an empirical study using secondary data from various sources are relevant. For measurement gender inequality is used the calculating of Gender Inequality Index. The assessment is done on Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. The research results showed that Indonesian Gender Inequality is largest in ASEAN-4, instead higher than Viet Nam. It means the gender equality in Indonesia is lowest more than Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand in human development. Indonesian had to improving the role of woman in participation of education, economic, political, and public job reproductive health, empowerment, and labour market. The most striking indicator is the low representation of women in parliament. It is seen that almost all ASEAN member countries have low representation of women in parliament. The majority of Indonesian workers are unskilled labor. Similarly, the woman far slightly in the labor force to compared with man.
Foreign Consumers Purchasing Intention Towards Halal Product In Malaysia
Authors: Misnan Misliyana Binti , Hee Ong Choon , Rizal Adriana Mohd
Published: July 2024

Introduction: 'National Transformation 2050' or TN50 is an ingenuity to plan Malaysia's future in the 2020 to 2050. As of the viewpoint of becoming a developed nation, one of the TN50's agenda is to make our country one of the global halal supply chain which a part of economic growth for Malaysia. Halal food or halal product is the most important and potential sector to be the economic power for both domestic and globally.Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual analysis of foreign consumer purchasing intention towards a few variable are halal integrity, halal awareness, halal certification, halal marketing and halal knowledge.Results: In this paper, conceptual analysis suggest that foreign consumer is an asset to generate national income in halal supply chain toward halal product.Research Implications: This paper supplies the theoretical implication and practical implication to understanding the relationships between halal variables and foreign purchasing intention.Paper type: Conceptual Paper
The Socio Demographic Status of Small Scale Fishers of Inland Open Water Area: A Case Study from Chalan Beel Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Sadekin Md Nazmus , Ali Jamal , Islam Rabiul
Published: July 2024

Fisheries are significantly contributing to the different aspects of a community such as livelihoods, supplying of food and ensuring security of food at both local and global levels. It also provides a vital source of protein as well as cash income for many families in the developing world. Though, fisheries sector is supporting about 11% of the total populationâ€™s livelihood of Bangladesh but fisherman is one of the most vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. Moreover, like other developing countries in Bangladesh, small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are making significant support regarding food nutrition and ensuring food security, alleviating poverty and sustainable livelihoods of the people. However, the livelihood of SSFs are undervalued both in the global and national scale by the scholars. Â Considering the above fact, it is very necessary to overview the current livelihood status of small scale fishing communities of inland open water area of Bangladesh. This study discussed the socio demographic status of SSFs in the Chalan Beel area of Bangladesh. Using a primary data survey this study discussed the SSF household headâ€™s sex, age, marital status, education, household size, household dependency ratio, livelihood, general health, food and water management and social networking, for three upazilas (subdistricts) which are part of Chalan Beel of Bangladesh.
Gender Differences in Hotel Choice: A Case of Malaysian Muslims
Authors: Rosli Nadzirah , Ha Norbani Che , Ghazali Ezlika Mohd , Jano Zanariah
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide gendered insights into tourist perceptions in hotel choice among Malaysian Muslims. Specifically, this study was to examine potential gender differences relating to the perceived importance of hotel attributes in building emotional bond with the hotel and post-consumption outcomes. A survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted and a total of 474 completed and usable questionnaire were utilised for further analysis. A partial-least squares â€“ structural equation modelling was utilised for the data analysis. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between males and females in regards to the effect of hotel attributes on revisit intention and word-of-mouth. Moreover, there was significant difference on the effect of brand attachment on word-of-mouth. The study attempts to fill the gaps in literature that assumes the effects of hotels attributes in building attachment and post-consumption outcomes (i.e., satisfaction, revisit intention and word-of-mouth) are significantly different between males and females.Â  The findings of this study will provide some guidelines and valuable information to stakeholders of hospitality industry in their implementation of marketing strategies.
How can modelling tools inform environmental and conservation policies?
Authors: Mohd Mohd Hafiz
Published: July 2024

Among the important environmental and ecological problems are to determine the distributions of species (e.g. endangered, native and invasive species) across geographical regions and to understand the determinant of species range limits (i.e. the boundaries of the locations in which a species is found). Various studies highlight that abiotic environments (e.g. temperature, climate) and biotic interactions (e.g. competition) can influence species distributions. To investigate this problem, two mathematical models for predicting species distributions have been employed. Such models generally take the form of deterministic systems such as partial-differential equations, in which they aim to understand the interactions between species at the population scale. Thinking of interacting species as finite groups of agents, rather than continuous densities, may alter the structure of the modelling frameworks. This problem can be studied using stochastic individual-based models (IBM). These two models are used to examine the outcomes of species interactions and to understand how these species are distributed in spatially changing environments. As such, comparing and contrasting the observations between the IBM and deterministic models may offer important insights in predicting species range limits and help us to develop robust predictions of species potential distributions in nature.
Behavior of seismic wave propagation with respect to fracture orientations in limestone, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Masyhur Eko March Handoko Bin , Rafek Abdul Ghani Abd , Noh Khairul Arifin Mohd
Published: July 2024

Conventional shallow surface seismic refraction survey is associated with long elastic wavelength thus it is often ignoring the existence of cracks and fractures underneath.Â  Fracture has essential effect on reducing seismic velocity.Â  This paper highlights the velocity variation in different direction with respect to preferred orientation of fracture sets of limestone in a quarry located at Chemor, Perak, Malaysia.Â  Multi azimuth seismic refraction survey in the orientation of fan shooting is utilized to records seismic velocity from different azimuth.Â  Slowness concept is used to study the responses of seismic wave velocity in regards to the discontinuity orientation.Â  The analysis of the results indicate seismic wave propagates faster in the direction parallel with the strike of the fracture.Â  The seismic wave experience largest time delay as the wave propagates perpendicular with the strike direction of the fracture structure.Â  With this behavior of seismic wave in respect to the fractures orientation, it is possible to map the extension of the orientation of subsurface fractures.
Metro bus transit frequency regulation system for a smart city using an optimization algorithm
Authors: S.Govindaraj S. , Dhalia Sweetlin J. , Vignesh A. , Daphy Louis Lovenia J. , Roshini C. , Horsley Solomon P.
Published: July 2024

Background:The increase in passengers with inadequate number of buses available results in an overcrowded bus. This is accompanied by a cramped experience for the passengers.Objectives:To facilitate the passengers and to ease their travel, by automating bus and route allocation.Methods:In this work, a Metro Bus Transit Frequency Regulation System Using Nelder-Mead Optimization Algorithm is presented. This system allows the Metropolitan Transport Corporation to allot buses in specified routes according to the demands and eases the ordeal that daily commuters face. Additionally, it aims to reduce the fuel expenses incurred by the Metropolitan Transport Corporation by optimizing the allocation of the number of buses in a particular route. It not only assuages the distresses of the passengers but also looks to reduce the woes of the workers of the Transport Corporation in allocation of buses. The vision of the proposed work is to produce a smart automated bus transit system which paves the way for a technologically improved city.Results:The simulation of the system resulted in 95% of requirements satisfaction by the passengers by using an average resource of 70% during the peak hours in the morning.Conclusions: From the results, it is inferred that developing a transit frequency regulation system will definitely ease the commutation of passengers and also reduces the fuel expenses. Indirectly the system can be used to reduce air pollution by reducing the number of private vehicles on road.Â Â
Corrosion behavior of electro-deposited nickel aluminum composite coating on the stainless steel 316L
Authors: Nawal Mohammed Dawood Dr. , Talib Abdulameer Jasim Eng. , Zaid Falah Sharbah Eng.
Published: July 2024

The characterization of aluminum particulates charging in a coating cell on the morphology and corrosion behavior of nickel aluminum composite coating by an electro-chemical co-deposition coating were evaluated. The aluminum reinforced nickel matrix composite coatings were co-deposited on Austenitic Stainless Steel (316 L) work pieces by a nickel-ion electrolytic solution firmly postponed with -10 Âµm max. diameter aluminum particulates. The extreme limit of codeposited aluminum can be occurred at a particulate gratified of 50 g/l in cell, a current density of 4.5 A/dm2, a PH of 4.0 â€“ 4.1, and a circulation rate of 400 rpm.Entirely codeposited specimens were heat treated under vacuum atmosphere for five hours at 950 Â°C prior to Potentiostatic testing. Throughout heat treatment, coating morphological development was initiated to occur by the exothermic reaction nickel +aluminum = nickel aluminum.Surface morphology was inspected by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption. Furthermore, The electrochemical enactment of the coatings was considered by Potentiostatic test in 3.5wt.% NaCl. It was originate that, combination of aluminum particulates in nickel matrix sophisticated the nickel grains coatings. Though , polarization curves raised to negative potentials and the rate of corrosion is reduced.Â Â
Developing A Framework for Accident Detecting and Sending Alert Message Using Android Application
Authors: Shukran Mohd Afizi Mohd , Abdullah Muhammad Naim , Isa Mohd Rizal Mohd , Ismail Mohd Nazri , Khairuddin Mohammad Adib , Maskat Kamaruzaman
Published: July 2024

Accident detection systems help reduce fatalities stemming from car accidents by decreasing the response time of emergency responders. This paper focuses on development a framework for detecting accident and sending alert message using android application. The proposed framework developed in order to produce the android application or system with three main functional components which are detecting the occurrence of the crash, detecting the location of the crash and sending the alert message. These three components are interdependent on each other by the flow of the system.
Fusion of Active Appearance Model and Histogram of Oriented Gradient for Age Estimation
Authors: Chang Quan Yan , Ong Thian Song , Chong Siew Chin
Published: July 2024

In recent years, automated age estimation through face images has attracted the interest among the research due to its variety applications in law enforcement, human computer interaction etc. This paper presents the fusion of Active Appearances Model (AAM) with Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) to form the face descriptors for automatic age estimation. AAM and HOG are known to be reliable feature extraction techniques for shape and texture images. The weaknesses of both are minimized and the strengths of both are utilized in the proposed method for better age estimation model. The proposed method is evaluated using two benchmarked age estimation datasets and promising results is generated.