bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maltreatment Issues and Outcomes of Adolescents Enrolled in Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Dennis Michael L. , Stevens Sally J.
Published: April 2003

Although they are mandated reporters and work regularly with youth who have experienced abuse and trauma, many substance abuse treatment programs do not systematically screen for or address child maltreatment issues. This special issue provides a collection of articles that consistently demonstrate the feasibility of systematically screening for victimization among adolescents entering these programs and documents that multiple co-occurring types of victimization are actually the norm. Other articles in the section examine how levels of abuse and traumatic victimization are associated with aspects of adolescent substance use disorders, traumatic distress symptoms, co-occurring somatic and health problems, HIV risk behaviors, and a victim-to-abuser spiral. Finally, the articles address how this might affect treatment matching across levels of care. This introduction provides an overview of the articles and then highlights some of the key implications of this collective body of work for practice, policy, and future research.
Alcohol Promotional Clothing Items and Alcohol Use by Underage Consumers
Authors: Workman Jane E.
Published: April 2003

Objectives of this study were to examine ownership and visibility of alcohol promotional clothing items (APCIs) and association between APCI ownership and alcohol use. Participants were 154 females and 106 males in grades 7 through 12; 76.3% had tried drinking alcohol; more than 36% owned an APCI, most commonly T‐shirts and hats. Although only 5% wore an APCI to school, more than 50% reported seeing one at school. There was a difference among groups: 83.9% of established drinkers, 36.2% of susceptible experimental drinkers, 33.3% of susceptible nondrinkers, 28.9% of nonsusceptible experimental drinkers, and 17.5% of nonsusceptible nondrinkers owned APCIs. Participants who received an APCI from a parent were more likely to perceive that their parents approved of them drinking.
Mothers' Health Awareness and Its Impact on Children's Dairy Product Intakes
Authors: Kim Sora , Douthitt Robin A.
Published: April 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mothers' awareness of diet and disease relationships on children's dairy product consumption. Using data from the 1994–1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the 1994–1996 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the study compared the difference in children's low‐fat milk and whole milk consumption in terms of the role of mothers' health awareness. The analysis also considered mothers' health characteristics and sociodemographic characteristics such as mothers' education level and household income. The results suggested that mothers' awareness of diet and health relationships increased their teen children's dairy consumption, although mothers' health awareness did not affect dairy product consumption for preschool children and primary school children.
The Anthropologist’s Son (or, Living and Learning the Field)
Authors: Murphy Patrick D.
Published: April 2003

Behar asserts that any story worth telling calls on us to explore and expose our own cultural biography. Reflecting on my relationship with my father, an anthropologist, and my experiences in Mexico, I draw on my own cultural biography to argue for the continuing importance of “the field.” Throughout my life, my father’s approach to ethnography has generated important ethnographic lessons while also conflicting with much of the current discourse around the production and politics of ethnography. While in Mexico this past spring, I wrote to wrestle through the tensions and disjunctures of my experiences with him, with ethnography, with theory and practice. The context of Mexico for this self-archeology was much more than a simple backdrop for experience as it forced me to work through these contradictions. What I present here exposes that process, foregrounding how the embodied experience of fieldwork remains essential to the contribution and relevance of ethnographic knowledge.
What Kind of Mother...? An Ethnographic Short Story
Authors: Scott-Hoy Karen
Published: April 2003

In this story, the author, an Australian mother, questions her reactions to the events of September 11, 2001. As she thinks and feels with the story and painting, searching for an answer to what kind of people commit acts of terrorism, she finds herself asking, “What kind of person am I?” In so doing, she invites her audience to question the role they may have played in making the world the place it is and what can they do to make the world a better and safer place.
Dancing Through Different Worlds: An Autoethnography of the Interactive Body and Virtual Emotions in Ballroom Dance
Authors: Picart Caroline Joan (Kay)
Published: April 2003

This article explores the nature of gendered and embodied interaction in American-style ballroom dance. Issues of femininity/masculinity, being subject-objects of the aesthetic gaze, and freedom and constraint are paramount to the exploration of what it means to do ballroom as both a competitive event and an art form. One of the aims of this piece is to use frame grabs from a dance video, as well as a streamed online version, to highlight the experience and expression of virtual emotions in ballroom (American-style) smooth and rhythm dances.
Critical Qualitative Research as Consciousness Raising: The Dialogic Texts of Researcher/Researchee Interactions
Authors: Korth Barbara
Published: April 2003

In this article, the author explores the critical potential for consciousness raising available when critical researchers and researchees interact about ethnographic texts. A critical ethnography of an elementary constructivist charter school provides the context for this article, which aims to build methodological theory capable of explaining the consciousness-raising potential of critical ethnography and epistemology. The author achieves this by locating the way relevant third-person positions burst through three modes of consciousness-raising texts: texts of form, texts of coherence, and texts of difference. The innovation to theory involves precisely locating various third-person positions through respective universalizing moments as idealized force against either generalized, relativized claims that are produced through empirically contingent texts or counter idealized claims. Moreover, the article exemplifies the methodological potential for (a) reformulating the “text’ metaphor in action-theoretic terms and (b) retaining researchees as primary audiences for research texts.
bell hooks: Ethics From the Margins
Authors: Valdivia Angharad N.
Published: April 2003

This article explores much of the body of bell hooks’s work. It analyzes her long trajectory from her opening salvo, Ain’tIaWoman, to her latest books and essays in a framework that contextualizes her explicit and implicit ethical stances in terms of issues of multiculturalism, feminism, and the media. Using a multipronged approach that questions central ethical questions of community, autonomy, voice, inclusion and exclusion, access, and representation, bell hooks challenges us to construct a transnational, feminist, and multiculturalist project that will allow us to interpret and criticize the contemporary situation and its popular culture. bell hooks stands out as an unflinching critic and contributor to a body of work that reminds us that much of our received intellectual traditions as well as new and current scholarly work, popular debates, and mass media products remain embedded in a framework of analysis, production, and representation that serves to oppress and not to liberate.
Seyla Benhabib’s Interactive Universalism: Fragile Hope for a Radically Democratic Conversational Model
Authors: Bracci Sharon L.
Published: April 2003

Seyla Benhabib reformulates discourse ethics into a radically democratized strong conversational model to address communitarian, feminist, and postmodernist critiques of Habermasian formulations. This model of interactive universalism extends concepts of universal moral respect and egalitarian reciprocity, enlarged thinking, and generalized and concrete Others. The procedural constraints of interactive universalism provide researchers a normative framework for investigating dialogical or conversational virtues that enable the model to thrive when deliberators engage in practical moral reasoning. Benhabib’s own engagement of critics of discourse ethics suggests one dialogical virtue that has moral weight: a modest, if fragile, hope that this conversational model can change deliberators and democratic discourse for the better.
Paulo Freire’s Revolutionary Pedagogy: From a Story-Centered to a Narrative-Centered Communication Ethic
Authors: Arnett Ronald C.
Published: April 2003

This article frames Paulo Freire’s literacy project within the metaphors of story and narrative. The metaphors manifest philosophical and practical significance for understanding his literacy project. Freire frames a story of pedagogy that saves face for the learner, inviting us into an educational narrative situated in historicity and concern for the Other.
Foucault’s Ethics
Authors: Cooper Martha , Blair Carole
Published: April 2003

Foucault’s most important contribution to ethics is a theoretical framework he developed for historical times and places—Hellenistic Greece, Imperial Rome, and early Christianity. The same lens he used to uncover the ethical systems at work in the discourse of others Foucault uses to examine his own work also. It reveals a normative ethics embedded in his material with three dimensions: (a) the importance of reflective and nonjudgmental communication, (b) the necessity of resisting domination, and (c) creating new, alternative relationships. His framework has potential for examining various ethical systems in a comparative manner while taking each one seriously.
Sculpting the Contours of Arts-Based Educational Research Within a Discourse Community
Authors: Piantanida Maria , McMahon Patricia L. , Garman Noreen B.
Published: April 2003

Within the field of education, arts-based research is emerging as an inquiry tradition that reaches beyond disciplinary boundaries—creating innovative junctures among art, education, and research. Individuals with diverse talents and interests are being drawn to this newly coalescing discourse community and, in turn, are engendering rich and multifocal conversations not only about specific examples of arts-based research but also about the broader meanings of this approach to educational inquiry. These meanings, the authors contend, represent different positions within the field, and as the positions are articulated and debated, the contours of the discourse begin to take form. For this reason, the authors call on members of the arts-based discourse community to offer logics-of-justification for their work and thereby contribute to an evolving culture of inquiry grounded in aesthetic rather than scientific ways of knowing.
Troubling the Contours of Arts-Based Educational Research
Authors: Slattery Patrick
Published: April 2003

The author writes in response to the article presented by his friends and colleagues in arts-based educational research, Maria Piantanida, Patricia L. McMahon, and Noreen B. Garman. Maria, Pat, Noreen, and the author share a commitment to substantive qualitative educational research, particularly as this research is conducted using the arts, autoethnography, and other emerging arts-based methodologies. They have all worked closely together at the American Educational Research Association in the creation and expansion of the Arts-Based Educational Research Special Interest Group. They also were instrumental in the development of a new conference for arts-based research, initially in Albuquerque in February 2000, then in Austin in October 2000, and Victoria, Canada, in 2001.
Dramatizing Data: A Primer
Authors: Saldaña Johnny
Published: April 2003

Due to the lack of “how-to” pieces in the methods literature, a theatre artist who later became an ethnographer offers this personal primer in playwriting with qualitative data. Ethnodramatic research representation should be chosen not for its novelty but for its appropriateness as a medium for telling a participant’s story credibly, vividly, and persuasively. An overview of such fundamental playwriting principles as plotting, characterization, monologues, dialogue, and staging is given. The author also proposes that collaborative ventures between ethnographers and theatre practitioners should be initiated to heighten the artistic quality of ethnotheatrical presentations.
Form Carries Experience: A Story of the Art and Form of Knowledge
Authors: Scott-Hoy Karen
Published: April 2003

Artistic evocative autoethnography, as the author conceives it, is both a product and a process. In this article, she hopes to provide insight into some of the issues and questions involved in the process of creating such a work, by inviting the reader to be privy to the process of creating the oil painting: Form carries experience and its accompanying story. As in any ethnographic research and writing, the author’s personality; historical roots; spiritual, moral, and ethical beliefs; physical body; and senses are actively present in her painting and story—integral parts of her interaction with and interpretation of the world. Together they illuminate, represent, and critique the project of being a health worker/researcher in Vanuatu, a small island nation in the South-West Pacific.
Mamma Lied: I Discovered Death, Became an Anthropologist, and Found You
Authors: Richardson Miles
Published: April 2003

Can a catastrophic experience in early life contribute to the qualitative inquiry of what we humans are about? It may do so if the narrating of that experience clarifies that authentically the “we” is never a “they,” nor even a “Self-Other,” but an “I-you.” Such authentication of the “we” suggests that I am only in your presence; consequently, if you die, am I not dead also?
Criminalizing Abused Girls
Authors: Simkins Sandra , Katz Sarah
Published: April 2003

The juvenile justice system routinely criminalizes girls who are victims of extreme abuse. These girls often act out in ways that cause them to be arrested. For many of these girls there seems to be a significant link between the abuse and neglect they have experienced, the lack of appropriate interventions or treatment, and the behaviors that lead to their arrests. Courts focus on the girls' aggressive actions, instead of the trauma they have endured and how that trauma might be related to the crime for which they are charged. Because the juvenile justice system fails to encompass an understanding of why girls use force, the system fails to adequately address girls' needs. This article depicts the cycle of trauma, aggression, misdiagnosis, and inadequate treatment that is common in the juvenile justice system and results in driving girls deeper into the system.
No Sugar, No Spice
Authors: Girshick Lori B.
Published: April 2003

This article discusses some of the main issues raised by woman-to-woman sexual violence. The author emphasizes the challenges of admitting that sexual violence by women occurs, changing laws to acknowledge the seriousness of woman-to-woman sexual abuse, improving agency services for lesbian and bisexual survivors of sexual abuse, and compelling the antiviolence movement to take this issue seriously. A major focus concerns the need for a feminist analysis of sexual violence that accommodates the reality of violence and abuse by females. Similarly, the homophobic, biphobic, and heterosexist context of our lives must be confronted in order to address woman-to-woman sexual violence.
The Reliability and Validity of Measures of Domestic Violence Resources as Used in Intimate Partner Homicide Research
Authors: Deleon-Granados William , Wells William
Published: April 2003

Recent studies have found that domestic violence shelter-based resources offer little or contradictory efficacy in reducing intimate partner homicides among women. These studies were limited, however, by their lack of measures on the quality of and access to services. This article describes a systematic examination of aggregate data sources that sought to develop reliable and valid measures for quality of domestic violence resources. The examination revealed problems with data sources but also uncovered limitations with measures used in recent research, suggesting that findings from such research should be viewed with caution. Recommendations are offered for assessing the impact of domestic violence resources, and an outline is provided for potentially more reliable and valid measures.
Dating Violence
Authors: Black Beverly M. , Weisz Arlene N.
Published: April 2003

This study examined the relationship of African American middle school youths’ help-seeking intentions related to dating violence with their levels of violent victimization and perpetration. When faced with the possibility of dating violence, youth expressed a willingness to seek assistance from adults. Girls victimized by more violence reported a greater willingness to turn to friends for help, in addition to parents, than girls victimized by less violence. Boys who perpetrated more violence reported a greater willingness to turn to friends, in addition to parents, than those boys who perpetrated less violence. Implications for developing culturally sensitive prevention programming are discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence in Spain
Authors: Medina-Ariza Juanjo , Barberet Rosemary
Published: April 2003

This article summarizes the findings from the first nationally representative survey on intimate partner violence conducted in Spain. Although feminist groups have been very active in the advocacy of solutions for this problem in Spain for the past two decades, it was not until 1997 that the problem received general attention from the public, after a particularly dramatic case of wife abuse shocked Spanish society. The article also raises questions about the measurement of violence against women and argues that it is crucial to incorporate questions about the subjective perception of the abuse. The findings show that sexual abuse in intimate relationships is as prevalent and serious as other forms of abuse. They also show that women suffering sexual abuse are less likely to define themselves as victims of abuse.
The Roles of Coping and Social Support in Battered Women’s Mental Health
Authors: Kocot Thomas , Goodman Lisa
Published: April 2003

Victims of interpersonal violence try many different strategies to reduce or eliminate threats to their physical safety and emotional well-being. However, little is known about the relationship between women’s coping strategies and their mental health. In what contexts do specific coping strategies improve mental health, and in what contexts are they harmful? This study investigated the role of social support—a critical contextual factor—as a moderator of the relationship between problem-focused coping, and post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among low-income, African American battered women. Problem-focused coping was associated with mental health symptoms only in women with lower levels of overall social support and in women whose closest supporters gave mixed advice or advice to stay with their partners, as opposed to clear advice to leave. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Domestic Violence and Crime Victim Compensation
Authors: Danis Fran S.
Published: April 2003

An analysis of state-by-state data available on the U.S. Department of Justice Web site revealed that more than 50% of clients served through federally funded crime victim assistance programs in 1999 were domestic violence victims. However, only 13.4% of all crime victim compensation claims were awarded to victims of domestic violence. This disparity provides the basis for a comprehensive research agenda to learn what barriers prevent domestic abuse victims from submitting eligible claims.
Detecting and Documenting Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Richter Kimber Paschall , Surprenant Zita Joy , Schmelzle Kristin H. , Mayo Matthew S.
Published: April 2003

The objective of this research was to assess rates of clinician screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) and to evaluate documentation of cases. The authors reviewed 527 charts of women aged 18 to 65 seen in the emergency department of an academic medical center. Of the 527 charts reviewed, 150 charts (29%) indicated patients were screened; 23 patients (15%) were positive for IPV. Prevalence of lifetime exposure to IPV was 4.4%, and prevalence of current IPV was 2.8%. Few aspects of patient safety (whether the patient felt safe going home, whether a gun was in the home) were charted. Screening and documentation rates in emergency departments are far from optimal.
The Role of “Real Rape” and “Real Victim” Stereotypes in the Police Reporting Practices of Sexually Assaulted Women
Authors: Du Mont Janice , Miller Karen-Lee , Myhr Terri L.
Published: April 2003

Some feminists have argued that rape myths constrain women’s reporting of sexual assault to the police. The authors investigated whether myth-associated characteristics of sexual assaults play a role in police reporting behaviors of women. A sample of 186 sexual assault cases seen at a hospital-based sexual assault care center in 1994 was analyzed using logistic regression. A positive association was found between reporting a sexual assault to the police and two overtly violent components of the “real rape” myth: the use of physical force and the occurrence of physical injury.
Structural Change And Fiscal Flows
Authors: Ruhil Anirudh V. S.
Published: April 2003

The political and policy impacts of alternative governing arrangements are an enduring and important puzzle of urban politics. Locating the source of the empirical confusion over structural effects in the use of static data analysis, the author emphasizes the benefits of investigating the substantive consequences of identifiable events (e.g., changes in form of government, budgeting techniques, the election of a minority mayor) via dynamic multiwave panel data and appropriate estimation techniques. This point is illustrated by analyzing the fiscal effects of reformism in a panel of 222 cities (1946-1966). Findings suggest no more than transient decreases in per-capita city expenditures postadoption of council-manager government.
The Construction Of The Local And The Limits Of Contemporary Community Building In The United States
Authors: Fraser James C. , Lepofsky Jonathan , Kick Edward L. , Williams J. Patrick
Published: April 2003

With new relationships between state and civil society, community building has arisen as a preferred mechanism to ameliorate urban poverty. Community building is a much-supported but undercriticized paradigm, especially with respect to questions about the benefits that impoverished neighborhood residents actually acquire from these initiatives. The authors examine community building as a process that is related to larger agendas meant to enact certain productions of urban space and challenge many taken-for-granted notions about the realized benefits of this form of antipoverty work. Moreover, they argue that community-building initiatives occur in an increasingly globalized context, providing opportunities for stakeholders other than residents to promote certain productions of space and place. A case study is presented of an initiative occurring in a southern city in the United States to highlight the theoretical framework presented.
Paradigms Of Propertied Citizenship
Authors: Roy Ananya
Published: April 2003

The American paradigm of propertied citizenship has far-reaching consequences for the propertyless, as in the brutal criminalization of the homeless. Activist groups, such as the anarchist squatter organization Homes Not Jails, have sought to challenge this paradigm through innovative techniques of property takeovers, invocations of American traditions of homesteading, and Third World tactics of self-help and informality. This study trains a transnational lens on both the paradigm and its subversions. Posing Third World questions of the First World, the author seeks to unsettle the normalized hierarchy of development and underdevelopment and explores lessons that can be learned from different modes of shelter struggles.
Infill Development And Affordable Housing
Authors: Steinacker Annette
Published: April 2003

The amount of residential development in cities has been much greater than the media coverage of suburban sprawl suggests. Unfortunately, there is also some evidence that cities with higher levels of infill development have more expensive new housing construction than their suburbs. The average price differential is not substantial, but it does suggest that tensions between achieving the two goals of greater infill development and more affordable city housing do exist.
Housing Tenure And Residential Mobility In Urban China
Authors: Li Si-Ming
Published: April 2003

Twenty-plus years of reform have brought about a highly complex system of housing tenure in urban China. Although the traditional work unit housing under rental occupancy remains the dominating tenure mode, an increasing number of urban households have become owners under various forms of subsidized homeownership. The author analyzes data derived from a survey conducted in 1996 of movers to newly completed “commodity housing” in Beijing and Guangzhou. Findings show that despite the many attempts at privatization and commodification, private housing in Beijing has become almost nonexistent. In Guangzhou, the open-market sector is better developed, and a sizable number of households have opted to move from subsidized to nonsubsidized housing. The findings also reveal that although the direction of movement is significantly related to the current tenure, it is unrelated to whether the move involves a change in tenure status.
Spatial Restructuring Of Financial Centers In Mainland China And Hong Kong
Authors: Zhao Simon X.B.
Published: April 2003

The rapid progress of globalization and information technology has stimulated profound changes in the global financial landscape and attracted growing interest in the geography of finance. Although there is apparently remarkable stability in the ordering of financial centers over time, the spatial changes of regional, national, and even global financial centers are an ongoing process. The newly developed subdiscipline of the geography of finance examines and evaluates these spatial changes among financial centers. This study explores the possible changes in China’s information hinterland and the spatial restructuring of financial systems in the region, including the spatial switching in importance among the financial centers of Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, and the major Guangdong cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. China’s landmark World Trade Organization accession will certainly have a tremendous impact on China’s information hinterland and induce profound organizational and spatial restructuring of the financial systems in the region.
Deracialization And Urban Racial Contexts
Authors: Liu Baodong
Published: April 2003

Building on previous literature of deracialization and white voting behavior, the author empirically tests whether the effectiveness of deracialization, measured by white crossover vote, may be conditional, dependent on urban racial contexts. The author examined 81 black candidates’ white votes in New Orleans biracial elections between 1977 and 1998. The results of ordinary least squares multiple regressions show that the differences in white crossover voting in New Orleans during the past two decades were related to black candidates’ strength. The relatively larger effect of newspaper endorsement on white crossover voting, compared to that of black incumbency, confirms previous findings regarding the powerful influence of news media on biracial elections in general and the deracialization strategy in particular. The most important finding of this research, however, is that the deracialization strategy was most effective when white voters were no longer the majority in the urban elections.
Determinants Of Spatial Distribution Of Street People In The City Of São Paulo
Authors: Schor Sílvia Maria , Artes Rinaldo , Bomfim Valéria Cusinato
Published: April 2003

Data from the First Census of Homeless People in the City of São Paulo, carried out in 2000, show that the spatial distribution of this population is not random and points to a number of high-incidence districts. The authors estimated a regression model that related this distribution to a series of indicators. The values found appear to confirm, initially, the relationship between the spatial distribution of street people and the presence of verticalized premises for use by commercial establishments and services, the presence of people not living in the districts, and the per capita income of families living in the districts.
Theoretical Backgrounds of Durability Analysis by Normalized Equivalent Stress Functionals
Authors: Mikhailov S. E.
Published: April 2003

Generalized durability diagrams and their properties are considered for a material under a multiaxial loading given by an arbitrary function of time. Material strength and durability under such loading are described in terms of durability, safety factor and normalized equivalent stress. Relations between these functionals are analysed. We discuss some material properties including time and load stability, self-degradation (ageing), and monotonic damaging. Phenomenological strength conditions are presented in terms of the normalized equivalent stress. It is shown that the damage based durability analysis is reduced to a particular case of such strength conditions. Examples of the reduction are presented for some known durability models. The approach is applicable to the strength and durability description at creep and impact loading and their combination.
Cosserat Models Versus Crack Propagation
Authors: Garajeu Mihail , Soós Eugen
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we analyze the consequences of Sih’s fracture criterion in a material which behaves according to the Cosserat-type model with free or constrained rotations. Both models are considered and for each of them the first and the second fracture mode is analyzed. To apply Sih’s criterion, the singular part of the stress field and of the couple stress field in the neighborhood of the crack tip are determined. The direction of the crack propagation predicted by the model with constrained rotations contradicts the experimental results for both modes of fracture. The qualitative predictions of the model allowing free rotations are in good agreement with experimental data only if the material constant newly introduced satisfies certain restrictions, which are more severe in the case of the second fracture mode. The conclusion is that the two Cosserat models do not improve significantly the predictions of the classical model of crack propagation in elastic solids.
On the Design of Neutral Elastic Inhomogeneities in the Case of Non-Uniform Loading
Authors: van Vliet D. , Schiavone P. , Mioduchowski A.
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we consider the problem of a single elastic inhomogeneity embedded within an infinite elastic matrix in anti-plane shear. In particular, we examine the design of this inhomogeneity to achieve (stress) neutrality when a non-uniform stress field is prescribed in the surrounding matrix. Since it is known that neutral elastic inhomogeneities do not exist when the inhomogeneity is assumed to be perfectly bonded to the matrix, the design method presented here is based on the assumption of an imperfect interface and the appropriate choice of the (single) interface parameter (characterizing the imperfect interface) to achieve the desired neutrality. Specifically, in the case of a homogeneously imperfect interface, it is shown that the circular inhomogeneity is neutral if and only if the prescribed non-uniform stress field in the surrounding matrix belongs to a certain class of polynomial functions. In the case of an inhomogeneously imperfect interface, neutrality is established for circular and elliptic inhomogeneities for specific classes of prescribed states of stress in the surrounding matrix. The results in this paper affirm the feasibility of designing a neutral elastic inhomogeneity by controlling the (imperfect) interface parameter describing the inhomogeneity-matrix interface.
On the Solution of Mixed Problems in Anti-Plane Micropolar Elasticity
Authors: Potapenko S. , Schiavone P. , Mioduchowski A.
Published: April 2003

In the present paper we apply the real boundary integral equation method to solve interior and exterior mixed boundary value problems arising in a linear theory of anti-plane elasticity which includes the effects of material microstructure.
Uniqueness of the Displacement Field in Classical Linear Elastostatics
Authors: Steigmann David J. , Wheeler Lewis T.
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we discuss the uniqueness of equilibrium displacement fields in classical linear elasticity theory. The conventional argument found in many texts and monographs is rendered mathematically explicit. Extensions to non-standard classes of boundary data are discussed.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of the Generalized Solution of Reissner’s Elastica
Authors: Flajs R. , Saje M. , Zakrajšek E.
Published: April 2003

We give the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the classical and generalized solutions of a planar elastic, Reissner-type cantilever beam. The proof is rather general and assumes point loads from the outset. The existence and uniqueness of the finite element solution is also proven.
The Community Health Fair as an International Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Strategy
Authors: Leonardo Maureen E. , Meyers Mary M. , Kojsza Deborah , Iagnemma Jennifer , Shapaka Sherica
Published: April 2003

Since the time of Florence Nightingale, the nurse’s role as a health promoter has been valued. There are opportunities for nurses to participate in health promotion and disease prevention at all levels of prevention. Because health problems extend beyond our national borders, this also requires a global view of health needs and health care that must be addressed within our nursing education system. Health promotion and disease prevention activities present a unique challenge in a developing country where the language and lifestyle may be unfamiliar and, at best, the resources are limited. This article will describe the use of a community health fair as a primary prevention and health promotion activity in the rural mountain area of Nicaragua. The process as well as the challenges will be discussed and include implications for use in any developing country with a focus on culturally competent care.
Russia through the Eyes of an American Nurse
Authors: Resick Lenore K.
Published: April 2003

This article describes the author’s preliminary fieldworkin the Russian culture, which tookplace during 10 days in November 1998 and 10 days in April 2000. During the time she spent in Russia, the author had two major goals. The first goal was to participate as part of a team of four American nursing faculty invited to teach at the Moscow Medical Academy, and her second goal was to learn about the culture of origin of the Russian immigrants who have migrated to the United States. With the aid of interpreters, the author participated in the culture, observed the activities around her, and learned from her Russian colleagues. This second goal reflected the author’s preparation as a nurse-researcher to study the experiences of Russian immigrants. The article includes reflections and general impressions of the overall experience.
Integrating Religious Practices in Home Health Care: A Case Study of Collaboration between the Health Care System and the Orthodox Jew
Authors: Ross Denise L. , Hvizdash Suzan
Published: April 2003

As young children, our parents told us to eat our vegetables because they were healthy. As adults we try to watch our weight, exercise, quit smoking or never start, and take our vitamins and other medications that are prescribed. Why? For our health! As health care workers, we are telling our clients, do not overexert, stay on your prescribed diet, and do regular breast or testicular self-exams. Why? For their health! It is important for us to not only know what to advise our clients, but how to incorporate this advice into their daily lives so they are compliant with the recommended course of treatment. What happens when they are noncompliant with these directions? We see our home care clients returning to the hospital, complicating their conditions, or just not getting any better. This article focuses on the challenges of the home health nurse in integrating particular beliefs, values, and life ways into the recommended plan of treatment that will affect the compliance of the client.
Understanding the Cultural Self in Promoting Culturally Competent Care in the Community
Authors: Zoucha Rick
Published: April 2003

The purpose of this article is to assist nurses and other health care professionals in understanding their own culture and their perceptions of racism and prejudice as the beginning step in delivering and promoting culturally congruent nursing care. Through the process of understanding the cultural self, nurses and other health care professionals can begin to understand the cultural other. Through this process, nurses and other health care professionals can promote the cultural health and well-being of those they serve through health care.
Needs and Supports for Family Caregivers of Chronically Ill Elders
Authors: Bull Margaret J. , McShane Ruth E.
Published: April 2003

Family members provide extensive care to elders in the home. Such care requires a level of knowledge and skill unprecedented by lay people. Yet, the needs of family caregivers often are ignored and the health risks undetected. The purpose of this article is to assist home care nurses in identifying caregivers at risk, assessing family care-giver needs, and intervening to provide necessary resources. Needs are classified according to caregiver role needs and caregiver health maintenance and/or health promotion needs. Resources are identified that home care nurses can use in developing interventions to assist and support family caregivers.
Who Cares for the Caregiver: Strategies to Provide Support
Authors: Riess-Sherwood Paula , Given Barbara A. , Given Charles W.
Published: April 2003

The numbers of family members providing home care for someone with a chronic or terminal illness are growing. However, not all family care-givers are capable or prepared to deal with the psychological and physical ramifications of providing care. Home health practitioners have a unique opportunity to intervene with this population and assist the family member to become a healthy caregiver. This article describes criteria for evaluating the health of the caregiver and care situation and presents strategies for promoting healthy caregiving behavior.
Caring for Survivors of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Scott Linda D. , Arslanian-Engoren Cynthia
Published: April 2003

Approximately 54 million adults in the United States are involved in some form of family caregiving, with 15% of these individuals providing complex care in their homes. Therefore, it is essential to identify the nuances associated with complex community-based family caregiving. This study investigated family caregivers’ perceptions of caring for individuals who survived tracheostomy for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Using a quantitative approach, family caregivers (n = 15) reported that they were somewhat prepared for this experience. The findings suggested that family caregivers experience considerable physical and psychological effects throughout their caregiving careers. Despite physical and mental health challenges, the caregivers were able to derive personal gratification from complex care provision. The challenge before home care nurses is to prepare family members for their newly acquired caregiving roles, implement interventions that support their physical and mental well-being, and facilitate the engagement in health-promoting behaviors.
A Model for Using Novel Nursing Interventions to Meet the Challenges of Community Health Needs
Authors: Koehler Julie A. , Cha Jennifer , Smith Carol E.
Published: April 2003

The aging population growth, shortened hospital stays, reduction in home care services reimbursement, and the looming nursing shortage will all drastically increase community health care needs and caregiving challenges. Unique and traditional methods of care delivery provided via innovative interventions can be used to address these needs. Many research-based nursing interventions can be administered at a distance (e.g., video, telehealth, and even robotic “nurses”) or without the nurse being present through volunteers or delegation, thus increasing communitybased care. A model categorizing and guiding use of these nursing interventions is described herein.
Elders, Values, and Peppermint Candies
Authors: Klein Sarah A. , Bostrom Andrea C.
Published: April 2003

The demographics of the population of the United States are inexorably changing: The baby boomers, who have defined much of the culture of the past half century, will continue to do so over the next 50 years. Just as the population is aging, so are the members of the nursing profession. Working with elders as our patients and as our peers is a reasonable expectation. Encouraging younger nurses to embrace working with elders is a challenge. Learning about how we have come to value aging and our elders is one way to engage the change in the work that nurses do. This article explores the source of one young nurse’s values toward the elderly.
Achieving Better Outcomes in a Managed Home Care Setting
Authors: Amey Stephanie J. , Frazier Elaine C.
Published: April 2003

Managed care has brought the elements of cost containment, customer service, and outcomebased accountability to the definition of quality in the home care arena. Borrowed from the industrial sector, the aspects and measurements of quality have been influenced by health care market competition, National Committee on Quality Assurance standards, and total quality management and continuous quality management principles and practices. By combining these new influences with the earlier, more traditional quality measurement dimensions of structure, process, and outcome, home care management services and home care service organizations are meeting new challenges. Demonstrating quality performance through positive, desirable outcomes to the regulatory and accrediting entities is essential in maintaining a competitive position. Through the experience of one entrepreneurial endeavor, the authors demonstrate how performance improvement activities were used to improve overall structure, systems, and processes to achieve better outcomes in an integrated, multiservice home care delivery system.
Through the Looking Glass …
Authors: Stock Linda
Published: April 2003

The Medicare home health benefit has come full circle. Originally, the program promoted patient self-care independence by annual visit limitations. When these limits were lifted, by some accounts, the program fostered client dependence on home health services. Under the new Prospective Payment System, with its Outcome-Based Quality Improvement (OBQI) focus, client participation and maximum outcome achievement are reemphasized. The program establishes the Out-come and Assessment Information Set as the basis for both reimbursement determination and quality monitoring. As a result of the new regulatory mandates for patient-centered OBQI, many agencies are reevaluating their quality management activities to consolidate efforts and establish processes focusing on positive outcome achievement in all aspects of organizational performance. The processes involve integrating a variety of pre-OBQI activities into a new format of quality management. This article explores several quality management considerations as potential components of a home health agency’s quality improvement program redesign.
Management of Wound Care Patients under the Prospective Payment System
Authors: Silveira Robert
Published: April 2003

As the need for providing wound care within the home care environment grows, the knowledge and expertise of home care providers should keep pace. By staying current with new products and protocols, agencies can provide quality care and achieve improved outcomes for this population in a cost-effective manner.
Implementing a Home Health Outcome-Based Quality Improvement Pilot Project
Authors: Crocker Julie , Murdock Kathleen , Vencill Barbara
Published: April 2003

Home health agencies (HHAs) have been collecting OASIS data and submitting it to their state agencies since 1999. As a result of these submissions, it is anticipated that agencies nationwide will receive their first set of risk-adjusted outcome reports in spring 2002. These reports will enable each agency to identify outcomes on which it can focus its quality efforts through the Outcome-Based Quality Improvement (OBQI) process. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services funded a pilot project to provide OBQI training and technical support to HHAs in five states through their quality improvement organizations (QIO), formerly known as peer review organizations (PROs). Since April 2000, the PROs have trained approximately 417 volunteer HHAs in the five states. This article describes the implementation of this pilot project, provides an overview of the OBQI process, and discusses the implications for national OBQI implementation.
Creating Interdisciplinary Training for Health Care Professionals: The Challenges and Opportunities for Home Health Care
Authors: Lapidos Stanley , Christiansen Kathryn , Rothschild Steven K. , Halstead Lois
Published: April 2003

Training health care professionals to work together in managing the problems of elderly patients is an area where the home health care industry can make a crucialand substantial contribution. Since 1996, Rush Home Care Network, an affiliate agency of Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center in Chicago, has served as a clinical training site for an interdisciplinary education program. This program, the Rush Geriatric Interdisciplinary Team Training Program, was initially funded in 1996 through a grant from the John A. Hartford Foundation. Trainees from medicine, nursing, socialwork, pharmacy, occupationaltherapy, physicaltherapy, and clinical nutrition observe and work with Rush home care teams. They participate in team meetings, home visits, patient assessment and counseling, and in-service training. The Rush home care experience in interdisciplinary team training can be viewed as a modelfor other home health care organizations interested in becoming clinical training sites for team care.
Using Information Technology in Community-Based Psychiatric Nursing Education: The SJSU/NT Project
Authors: Connolly Phyllis M. , Elfrink Victoria L.
Published: April 2003

Information management is growing in importance in health care delivery. Practitioners, case managers, third-party payers, and health care policy makers are increasingly basing their health care decisions on timely and relevant clinicaldata. Since 1997, San Jose State University nursing students have been using the Nightingale Tracker, a computerized clinical communication system, to document client care, electronically transfer clinical information to their instructors, and maintain a systematic method for storing clinical data for further use in program planning, prediction of health care trends, and other research endeavors. Clearly, the potential increase in quality care makes the investment in this information technology (IT) experience worthwhile. Faculty are changing the education paradigm to a learning paradigm, preparing practitioners who can use IT in the current managed care environment to monitor costs while improving care— valuable skills to possess in this ever-evolving health care delivery system.