bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation in soya beverage on the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron in newly weaned rats
Authors: de Lima Correia Silva Maisa , da Graça Leite Speridião Patrícia , Oyama Lila Missae , de Morais Mauro Batista
Published: November 2018

Studies have shown the positive effects of prebiotics on the intestinal absorption of Ca and Fe. The present study evaluated the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in soya beverage (SB) on absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe in recently weaned rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: lactose-free cows’ milk (CM), lactose-free CM with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (CMF), SB and soya beverage with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (SBF). These rats were euthanised after 1 week of treatment. Organ weight, pH of the caecal content and absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe were evaluated. The results showed that the weight of the caecal contents increased in the CMF and SBF groups, and the pH of the caecal contents was lower in these groups. The Hb levels of the CMF and SB groups were higher when compared with that of the CM group and lower in relation to the SBF group. The apparent Ca and Fe absorption and apparent Ca retention in the CM group were higher when compared with the SB group, whereas in the CMF group, they were higher in relation to the SBF group. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression in the duodenum was higher in the SBF group than in the SB and CMF groups. SB resulted in lower intestinal Ca absorption and higher Hb concentration, despite the lower apparent Fe absorption in relation to CM. Supplementation with FOS provided beneficial effects on Hb and DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum, in addition to improving the absorption process.
The PLO's Defense of the Talmud
Authors: Gribetz Jonathan Marc
Published: November 2018

In 1970, the PLO Research Center in Beirut published a book that challenged what it considered to be common Arab misconceptions and prejudices concerning the Talmud. In analyzing this book, this article poses three questions. The first concerns motivation: What led the PLO's think tank to engage a researcher with the task of learning and writing about the Talmud? Second is the question of sources: How did the PLO researcher find his information and what does the presence of these sources on the PLO Research Center library's bookshelf tell us about the world of PLO intellectuals in late 1960s Beirut? Finally, what can be learned from the conclusions the researcher drew about the relationship between the Talmud and Zionism and between Judaism and Jewish nationalism? The article concludes with a reflection on the continuing debate over the place of antisemitism in the PLO.
Behandlungsdiagnosen in universitären Ambulanzen für psychologische Psychotherapie im Jahr 2016
Authors: Velten Julia , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin , Fehm Lydia , Fladung Anne-Katharina , Fydrich Thomas , Heider Jens , Hentschel Sophie , Limberg-Thiesen Anke , Lutz Wolfgang , Margraf Jürgen , Schöttke Henning , Witthöft Michael , Hoyer Jürgen
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Im Jahr 2013 entstand die Initiative, Daten der universitären Psychotherapieambulanzen zusammenzuführen, um so eine deutschlandweite Forschungsdatenplattform zu schaffen. Der Forschungsverbund KODAP (Koordination der Datenerhebung und -auswertung an Forschungs-‍, Lehr- und Ausbildungsambulanzen für psychologische Psychotherapie) organisiert dieses komplexe Vorhaben. Fragestellung / Methode: In der vorliegenden Studie wird die technische und organisatorische Machbarkeit einer solchen Forschungskooperation im Hinblick auf die Übermittlung und Zusammenführung der Daten dargestellt. Gleichzeitig wird die im Jahr 2016 in den Ambulanzen behandelte Patient_innenpopulation beschrieben und es werden erste Vergleichsdaten zur Häufigkeit ICD-10-basierter Diagnosen in diesem Versorgungssegment generiert. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt stellten 16 Ambulanzen Daten von 4504 Patientinnen und Patienten (MAlter = 37.87; SD = 13.47; Range = 15 bis 86; 65.3 % weiblich) aus dem Jahr 2016 zur Verfügung. Trotz der unterschiedlichen Systeme und Formate, in denen Patient_innen- und therapiebezogene Forschungsdaten verwaltet werden, erwies sich die Übermittlung und Zusammenführung der Datensätze als machbar. Affektive Störungen (F3) und Neurotische, Belastungs- und Somatoforme Störungen (F4) machten den Großteil der vergebenen Diagnosen aus. Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Patient_innen lag mehr als eine Störungsdiagnose vor (M = 1.84; SD = 0.99; Range = 0 bis 7). Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studie konnte zeigen, dass die Aufbereitung, Zusammenführung und Auswertung von Forschungsdaten über Ambulanzen hinweg möglich ist. Der Forderung nach einer stärkeren Ausrichtung der Psychologie in Richtung kumulativer und kooperativer Forschungsprojekte kommt das KODAP-Projekt in besonderem Maße nach.
In a Submarine Trough, Permeable Rocks May Lead to Quakes
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: November 2018

In Japan’s submarine Nankai Trough, rock permeability is much higher when measured at larger scales, likely because of big fractures and faults that are not captured at small scales.
Transit Times and Rapid Chemical Equilibrium Explain Chemostasis in Glacial Meltwater Streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Wlostowski A. N. , Gooseff M. N. , McKnight D. M. , Lyons W. B.
Published: November 2018

Fluid transit time is understood to be an important control on the shape of concentration‐discharge (C‐q) relationships, yet empirical evidence supporting this linkage is limited. We investigated C‐q relationships for weathering‐derived solutes across seven Antarctic glacial meltwater streams. We hypothesized that (H1) solute fluxes in McMurdo Dry Valley streams are reaction limited so that C‐q relationships are characterized by dilution and that (H2) transit time explains between‐stream variability in the degree of C‐q dilution. Results show that C‐q relationships are chemostatic because solute equilibrium times are shorter than stream corridor fluid transit times. Between‐stream variability in the efficiency of solute production is positively correlated with transit time, suggesting that transit time is an important control on the solute export regime. These results provide empirical evidence for the controls on weathering‐derived C‐q relationships and have important implications for Antarctic ecosystems and solute export regimes of watersheds worldwide.
Evaluating Oceanic Uptake of Atmospheric CCl4: A Combined Analysis of Model Simulations and Observations
Authors: Suntharalingam P. , Buitenhuis E. , Carpenter L. J. , Butler J. H. , Messias M. J. , Andrews S. J. , Hackenberg S. C.
Published: November 2018

We provide new estimates of the air‐sea flux of CCl4using simulations from a global ocean biogeochemistry model (NEMO‐PlankTOM) in combination with depth‐resolved CCl4observations from global oceanic databases. Estimates of global oceanic CCl4uptake are derived from a range of model analyses, including prescribed parameterizations using reported values on hydrolysis and degradation, and analyses optimized using the global observational databases. We evaluate the sensitivity of our results to uncertainties in air‐sea gas exchange parameterization, estimation period, and circulation processes. Our best constrained estimate of ocean CCl4uptake for the period 1996–2000 is 20.1 Gg/year (range 16.6–22.7), corresponding to estimates of the partial atmospheric lifetime with respect to ocean uptake of 124 (110–150) years. This new oceanic lifetime implies higher emissions of CCl4than currently estimated and therefore a larger missing atmospheric source of CCl4.
Strong Hydro‐Related Localized Long‐Period Crustal Deformation Observed in the Plate Boundary Observatory Borehole Strainmeters
Authors: Lu Zhou , Wen Lianxing
Published: November 2018

Strong localized hydro‐related long‐period strain variations, with amplitude up to about 2,000 ns (nanostrain) (1–2 orders of magnitude larger than the tidal deformation), are observed in some Plate Boundary Observatory borehole strainmeters in Parkfield and Anza, California. The long‐period strain signals exhibit compression from December 2010 to January 2011, extension till May 2011, and compression till 2014 to 2015. The observed strain signals are accompanied by similar pore pressure change at some strainmeters and no pore pressure change at other strainmeters. Similar long‐period signals are also observed in rainfall, groundwater, and soil moisture in the same regions. Poroelastic simulations suggest that the observed long‐period strains and their relationships with rainfall and pore pressure could be explained by a rainfall–hydrological diffusion–poroelastic deformation mechanism. Our study indicates that poroelastic response to hydrological water would generate significant underground deformation, which is intimately related to local hydrological properties and settings.
Synoptic and Mesoscale Forcing of Southern California Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Cannon Forest , Hecht Chad W. , Cordeira Jason M. , Ralph F. Martin
Published: November 2018

Southern California water resources are heavily dependent on a small number of extreme precipitation events each winter season, which dictate the region's highly variable interannual accumulations. In the Santa Ana River Watershed, on average, three extreme events per year contribute half of annual precipitation, yet there are relatively few studies of the synoptic to mesoscale processes that drive precipitation during these events. This study uses an ingredient‐based approach in identifying the contributions of orographic forcing, dynamical forcing, and convective instability to extreme precipitation in the watershed in 107 storms that produced roughly 50% of all precipitation from 1981 to 2017. The influence of dynamical forcing and convective instability on event precipitation distributions is investigated relative to the dominant influence of orographic forcing that is typically found in landfalling atmospheric rivers. Case studies of two high‐impact events from the 2017 winter season demonstrate differences in the roles of synoptic ascent and mesoscale convective features in modifying precipitation location, rate, and accumulation over the watershed. The 17 and 18 February 2017 case study included a narrow cold‐frontal rainband that produced high‐intensity short‐duration precipitation over low elevations of the watershed. In the 107 extreme event records, similar modification of the precipitation distribution toward non‐orographic rainfall was related to significant changes in the synoptic‐scale circulation that favored enhanced dynamics and upstream ascent associated with frontogenesis. Variability in precipitation mechanisms is of primary interest to weather forecasters and water managers as it modifies event impacts and predictability.
A Seasonal Model of Nitrogen Isotopes in the Ice Age Antarctic Zone: Support for Weakening of the Southern Ocean Upper Overturning Cell
Authors: Kemeny P. C. , Kast E. R. , Hain M. P. , Fawcett S. E. , Fripiat F. , Studer A. S. , Martínez‐García A. , Haug G. H. , Sigman D. M.
Published: November 2018

In the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, the coupled observations of elevated diatom‐bound 15N/14N (δ15Ndb) and reduced export production during the ice ages indicates more complete nitrate (NO3−) consumption. This evidence points to an ice age decline in gross NO3− supply from the deep ocean to the surface wind‐mixed layer, which may help to explain the reduced CO2 levels of the ice age atmosphere. We use a seasonally resolved, two‐layer model of the N isotopes in the Antarctic Zone upper ocean to quantify the ice age decline in gross NO3− supply implied by the data. When model parameters are varied to reflect reduced gross NO3− supply, the concentration of wintertime upper ocean NO3− is lowered, but with a much weaker increase in NO3− δ15N than predicted by analytical models such as the Rayleigh and steady state models. Physical mixing is the dominant cause, with a modest contribution from foodweb dynamics. As a result, the observed δ15Ndb rise of ~3‰–4‰ must be explained mostly by a greater summertime increase in NO3− δ15N during the ice ages. The high degree of NO3− consumption required to generate this summertime δ15N rise indicates a >80% reduction in gross NO3− supply. Half or more of the modern gross NO3− supply is from wind‐forced Antarctic upwelling that drives the upper cell of Southern Ocean overturning. Thus, the decrease in NO3− supply cannot be achieved solely by a decline in vertical mixing or wintertime convection; rather, it requires an ice age weakening of the upper cell.
Striatal dopamine deficits predict reductions in striatal functional connectivity in major depression: a concurrent 11C-raclopride positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation
Authors: Hamilton J. Paul , Sacchet Matthew D. , Hjørnevik Trine , Chin Frederick T. , Shen Bin , Kämpe Robin , Park Jun Hyung , Knutson Brian D. , Williams Leanne M. , Borg Nicholas , Zaharchuk Greg , Camacho M. Catalina , Mackey Sean , Heilig Markus , Drevets Wayne C. , Glover Gary H. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: November 2018

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by the altered integration of reward histories and reduced responding of the striatum. We have posited that this reduced striatal activation in MDD is due to tonically decreased stimulation of striatal dopamine synapses which results in decremented propagation of information along the cortico-striatal-pallido-thalamic (CSPT) spiral. In the present investigation, we tested predictions of this formulation by conducting concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and 11C-raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) in depressed and control (CTL) participants. We scanned 16 depressed and 14 CTL participants with simultaneous fMRI and 11C-raclopride PET. We estimated raclopride binding potential (BPND), voxel-wise, and compared MDD and CTL samples with respect to BPND in the striatum. Using striatal regions that showed significant between-group BPND differences as seeds, we conducted whole-brain functional connectivity analysis using the fMRI data and identified brain regions in each group in which connectivity with striatal seed regions scaled linearly with BPND from these regions. We observed increased BPND in the ventral striatum, bilaterally, and in the right dorsal striatum in the depressed participants. Further, we found that as BPND increased in both the left ventral striatum and right dorsal striatum in MDD, connectivity with the cortical targets of these regions (default-mode network and salience network, respectively) decreased. Deficits in stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors in MDD could account in part for the failure of transfer of information up the CSPT circuit in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Image-based promoter prediction: a promoter prediction method based on evolutionarily generated patterns
Authors: Wang Sheng , Cheng Xuesong , Li Yajun , Wu Min , Zhao Yuhua
Published: November 2018

Prediction of promoter regions is crucial for studying gene function and regulation. The well-accepted position weight matrix method for this purpose relies on predefined motifs, which would hinder application across different species. Here, we introduce image-based promoter prediction (IBPP) as a method that creates an “image” from training promoter sequences using an evolutionary approach and predicts promoters by matching with the “image”. We used Escherichia coli σ70 promoter sequences to test the performance of IBPP and the combination of IBPP and a support vector machine algorithm (IBPP-SVM). The “images” generated with IBPP could effectively distinguish promoter from non-promoter sequences. Compared with IBPP, IBPP-SVM showed a substantial improvement in sensitivity. Furthermore, both methods showed good performance for sequences of up to 2,000 nt in length. The performances of IBPP and IBPP-SVM were largely affected by the threshold and dimension of vectors, respectively. The source code and documentation are freely available at https://github.com/hahatcdg/IBPP.
A minimum information standard for reproducing bench-scale bacterial cell growth and productivity
Authors: Hecht Ariel , Filliben James , Munro Sarah A. , Salit Marc
Published: November 2018

Reproducing, exchanging, comparing, and building on each other’s work is foundational to technological advances. Advancing biotechnology calls for reliable reuse of engineered organisms. Reliable reuse of engineered organisms requires reproducible growth and productivity. Here, we identify the experimental factors that have the greatest effect on the growth and productivity of our engineered organisms in order to demonstrate reproducibility for biotechnology. We present a draft of a Minimum Information Standard for Engineered Organism Experiments (MIEO) based on this method. We evaluate the effect of 22 factors on Escherichia coli engineered to produce the small molecule lycopene, and 18 factors on E. coli engineered to produce red fluorescent protein. Container geometry and shaking have the greatest effect on product titer and yield. We reproduce our results under two different conditions of reproducibility: conditions of use (different fractional factorial experiments), and time (48 biological replicates performed on 12 different days over 4 months).
Aluminium doping – a cost effective and super-fast method for low temperature crystallization of TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Nair Sinitha B. , K. Aijo John , Rahman Hilal , Joseph Julie Ann , K. Remillard Stephen , Philip Rachel Reena
Published: November 2018

Superfast crystallization of TiO2 nanotubes at low energy budget (bath temperature starting from 2 °C).
A gel single ion conducting polymer electrolyte enables durable and safe lithium ion batteries via graft polymerization
Authors: Chen Yazhou , Xu Guodong , Liu Xupo , Pan Qiyun , Zhang Yunfeng , Zeng Danli , Sun Yubao , Ke Hanzhong , Cheng Hansong
Published: November 2018

A post-grafting strategy to synthesize single ion conducting polymer electrolytes for lithium metal secondary batteries.
Photocatalytic decontamination of phenol and petrochemical wastewater through ZnO/TiO2 decorated on reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: influential operating factors, mechanism, and electrical energy consumption
Authors: Hayati Farzan , Isari Ali Akbar , Fattahi Moslem , Anvaripour Bagher , Jorfi Sahand
Published: November 2018

ZnO/TiO2 anchored on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) ternary nanocomposite heterojunction was synthesized via the multi-step method including hydrothermal, solvothermal and sol–gel methods.
Visible-light-induced photo-Fenton process for the facile degradation of metronidazole by Fe/Si codoped TiO2
Authors: Du Wei , Xu Qin , Jin Dangqin , Wang Xiaoyu , Shu Yun , Kong Liming , Hu Xiaoya
Published: November 2018

This work investigated the feasibility and efficiency of a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst, Fe/Si codoped TiO2, for the degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) under visible light irradiation.
A facile synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers and their properties as electrochemical sensors for ethyl carbamate analysis
Authors: Guo Ming , Hu Yinglu , Wang Lixia , Brodelius Peter E. , Sun Liping
Published: November 2018

An ethyl carbamate (EC) molecularly imprinted sensor (EC-MIS) has been prepared. The molecular recognition properties of EC were investigated, the binding parameters determined, and the dynamic mechanism of EC-MIS recognizing EC explored.
A selective detection approach for copper(ii) ions using a hydrazone-based colorimetric sensor: spectroscopic and DFT study
Authors: Abdulazeez Ismail , Basheer Chanbasha , Al-Saadi Abdulaziz A.
Published: November 2018

The development of an efficient and miniaturized analytical approach to determine trace levels of toxic ions in aqueous fluids presents a current research challenge.
Passive 3D interferometric ISAR using target‐borne illuminator of opportunity
Authors: Giusti Elisa , Martorella Marco
Published: November 2018

This study proposes a new idea for forming three‐dimensional (3D) passive inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. Two main innovations are presented, the first that is related to the use of a dual interferometer and the second that considers the illuminator of opportunity (IO) located on the target to be imaged. A theoretical approach was proposed in a previous study that demonstrated passive ISAR imaging with a target‐borne IO in the 2D domain. In the present study, such approach is extended to a full 3D case. A complete theoretical derivation is proposed for the formation of point‐like 3D ISAR images when using target‐borne IOs. Simulations are used to produce some examples. Practical issues and limitations are also discussed.
Dust emission profiles of DustPedia galaxies
Authors: Mosenkov A. V. , Baes M. , Bianchi S. , Casasola V. , Cassarà L. P. , Clark C. J. R. , Davies J. , De Looze I. , De Vis P. , Fritz J. , Galametz M. , Galliano F. , Jones A. P. , Lianou S. , Madden S. C. , Nersesian A. , Smith M. W. L. , Trčka A. , Verstocken S. , Viaene S. , Vika M. , Xilouris E.
Published: November 2018

Most radiative transfer models assume that dust in spiral galaxies is distributed exponentially. In this paper our goal is to verify this assumption by analysing the two-dimensional large-scale distribution of dust in galaxies from the DustPedia sample. For this purpose, we have made use of Herschel imaging in five bands, from 100 to 500 μm, in which the cold dust constituent is primarily traced and makes up the bulk of the dust mass in spiral galaxies. For a subsample of 320 disc galaxies, we successfully performed a simultaneous fitting with a single Sérsic model of the Herschel images in all five bands using the multi-band modelling code GALFITM. We report that the Sérsic index n, which characterises the shape of the Sérsic profile, lies systematically below 1 in all Herschel bands and is almost constant with wavelength. The average value at 250 μm is 0.67 ± 0.37 (187 galaxies are fitted with n250 ≤ 0.75, 87 galaxies have 0.75 < n250 ≤ 1.25, and 46 – with n250 >  1.25). Most observed profiles exhibit a depletion in the inner region (at r <  0.3−0.4 of the optical radius r25) and are more or less exponential in the outer part. We also find breaks in the dust emission profiles at longer distances (0.5−0.6) r25 which are associated with the breaks in the optical and near-infrared. We assumed that the observed deficit of dust emission in the inner galaxy region is related to the depression in the radial profile of the HI surface density in the same region because the atomic gas reaches high enough surface densities there to be transformed into molecular gas. If a galaxy has a triggered star formation in the inner region (for example, because of a strong bar instability, which transfers the gas inwards to the centre, or a pseudobulge formation), no depletion or even an excess of dust emission in the centre is observed.
Scaling without scaling
Authors: Zota Cezar B. , Czornomaz Lukas , Fompeyrine Jean , Abel Stefan
Published: November 2018

Microelectronics is as pervasive as it is invisible. It is however impacting every moment and aspect of our daily lives and has radically transformed all industries. Yet, this adventure began only about 60 years ago, with the first integrated circuits by J. Kilby and R. Noyce.
From particle physics: To medtech and biomedical research
Authors: Cirilli Manuela
Published: November 2018

Physics phenomena underpin many techniques and technologies that are used for both diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. This is the case for radiotherapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) that are based on our knowledge, respectively, of how particles interact with matter, of how atomic nuclei behave in oscillating magnetic fields, and of how positron decay.
50 years of CMD
Authors: Devreese Jozef T. , O’Reilly Eoin , van der Beek Kees
Published: November 2018

Condensed Matter Physics touches some of the deepest phenomena in nature. Fascinating physics occurs throughout this very broad area of physics, largely enabling the technologies that underpin modern society. Since 50 years, the EPS Condensed Matter Division is the voice and the tool of the strong European Condensed Matter community.
Auf dem Sprung
Authors: Bleher Chris
Published: November 2018

Plyo, Cat Leap, Präzi – in der urbanen Trendsportart Parkour trainieren schon
Kinder Bewegungsmuster, die einst französische Vietnam-Krieger für die Flucht im
Dschungel konzipierten. Längst profitieren Unterhaltungsindustrie und
Sportorganisationen vom Boom. Doch wer nur Aufmerksamkeit sucht, statt sich in
Geduld und Achtsamkeit zu üben, landet schneller auf dem OP-Tisch als in der
sicheren Hocke. Besuch bei einem Protagonisten der Szene.
Optimale Belastung während der Rehabilitation nach einer
Patellatendinopathie: eine Fallstudie
Authors: Cook Jill , Docking Sean , Girdwood Michael , Bonello Christian , Hannington Madeline , Rio Ebonie
Published: November 2018

Wenn das Knie schmerzt, ist das nicht nur lästig. Es kann auch sehr schnell mit
der Leistung bergab gehen. Um eine lange Verletzungspause zu vermeiden und
schnell wieder auf das altes Niveau zurückzukehren, ist neben einer fundierten
Untersuchung auch eine optimale Therapieplanung wichtig.
Blood Flow Restriction Training nach Rekonstruktion des
vorderen Kreuzbandes
Authors: Pröger Stefan , Kurz Eduard , Brehme Kay , Pyschik Martin , Schwesig René , Bartels Thomas
Published: November 2018

„Mehr Gewicht“; „Training bis zur Erschöpfung“; „immer wieder neue Reize“ –
Schlagworte, die man häufig hört, wenn man danach fragt, wie ein optimales
Training aussehen soll. Doch welche Methode ist nun die beste, um effektiv
Muskulatur und Kraft aufzubauen? Blood Flow Restriction Training eröffnet in
diesem Kontext neue Perspektiven. Es verspricht schnellen Erfolg mit geringerem
Aufwand. Gibt es berechtigte Hoffnung, dass man mit Okklusionstraining nach
Operationen früher wieder fit wird als mit anderen Methoden? Die Antwort ist
nicht ganz einfach.
Adipose-Based Therapies for Knee Pain—Fat or Fiction
Authors: Shimozono Yoshiharu , Fortier Lisa , Brown Donald , Kennedy John
Published: November 2018

Regenerative cell therapies are emerging as promising treatments for numerous musculoskeletal conditions, including knee osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose-derived stem cells and possibly other adipose-based therapies have a greater chondrogenic potential than stem cells derived from bone marrow, and thus a lot of attention is being placed on them as potential regenerative agents in the treatment of knee OA. Several types of adipose-based therapies have good basic science and preclinical data supporting their translation to human therapeutic intervention. Cultured, adipose-derived stem cells appear to be good source of bioactive cells with convenient accessibility, relative abundance, and well-documented regenerative capacity. Non-culture expanded adipose-based therapy, in the forms of stromal vascular fraction and most recently micronized adipose tissue (MAT), have been utilized in patients to treat OA and other cartilage abnormalities with encouraging preliminary data. These adipose-based therapies have shown a lot of therapeutic potential; however, because of the regulatory restrictions on enzymatic isolation and cell expansion, only MAT is currently available in clinical practice in the United States. While no serious adverse reactions have been reported, adipose-derived therapies also have the potential for adverse reactions including inflammation and infection. The current review provides an update on the latest research and presents this evidence on the therapeutic potential of adipose-based therapies in the treatment of knee OA.
Endoscopic Pancreato-Biliary Interventions
Authors: Raza Ali , Krishnan Kumar
Published: November 2018

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of benign and malignant pancreatobiliary diseases. In the last several years, role of ERCP has evolved from just a diagnostic procedure to mostly a therapeutic procedure. It plays a key role in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures and evaluation of bile leaks. Therapeutic ERCP utilizes various techniques for the extraction of biliary and pancreatic stones, management of bile leaks, and the treatment of malignant and benign strictures. EUS plays a central role in tissue acquisition for diagnostic purposes. Therapeutic applications of EUS have significantly increased in the recent years and include management of pancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic necrosis, drainage of the biliary obstruction, gall bladder drainage, and EUS-assisted ERCP. These procedures have good efficacy and acceptable side effect profile when performed by expert endoscopists at tertiary care medical centers.
Transcriptional Activity of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Response to Prenatal Exposure of Maternal Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Bergallo Massimiliano , Galliano Ilaria , Daprà Valentina , Pirra Alice , Montanari Paola , Pavan Marzia , Calvi Cristina , Bertino Enrico , Coscia Alessandra , Tovo Pier-Angelo
Published: November 2018

Objective Transcription of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) elements is usually suppressed by epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and heterochromatin silencing by histone modifications. There is an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and DNA methylation levels in placental tissue and in DNA from cord blood.

Study Design We assessed the transcriptional activity of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W in umbilical cord blood from 47 term babies unexposed to tobacco smoke in utero and 23 term babies exposed to tobacco smoke in utero.

Results In our population, the HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W families were always transcriptionally active, and the levels of all HERVs (H, K, W) were significantly higher in unexposed than smoke-exposed babies.

Conclusion This study provides preliminary information about the transcriptional activity of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W families in human umbilical cord blood.
Relationship between Early Antibiotic Exposure and Short-Term Growth Velocity in Premature Neonates
Authors: Reid Brittany M. , Eisenberg Ruth , Forman Katie , LaTuga Mariam Susan
Published: November 2018

Objective To characterize the relationship between the duration of antibiotic administration during the first week of life and subsequent growth velocity during hospitalization.

Study Design This was a retrospective study comparing the inhospital growth of infants born between 30 and 326/7 weeks' gestational age (GA) admitted to the Montefiore Weiler and Wakefield neonatal intensive care units between January 2009 and December 2015. Antibiotic duration during the first week of life was classified as no antibiotics, <5 days of antibiotics, or ≥5 days of antibiotics. Differences between discharge and birth weight Z-scores were compared between the three groups using analysis of variance.

Results Of the infants, 87% received antibiotics during the first week of life, with 16% of infants completing ≥5 days. Compared with infants receiving ≤ 5 days of antibiotics, infants treated with ≥5 days had a lower GA, lower Apgar scores, more invasive respiratory support, longer duration of total parenteral nutrition, delayed initiation of enteral feeding, and a higher weight Z-score on admission and discharge (p < 0.05). However, there was no distinction in growth between the three groups assessed by the difference between admission and discharge weight Z-scores (p = 0.64), growth velocity (gram/kilogram/day) (p = 0.104), or an exponential growth velocity outcome (p = 0.423).

Conclusion Early antibiotic exposure was not associated with increased growth velocity between birth and discharge. Our study was limited by its retrospective nature and lack of follow-up data postdischarge.
Tension Pneumocephalus after Cervical Spine Surgery: A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Maupin Jeremiah , Burrow Zackary , Shirazi Cameron , Vallurupalli Santaram
Published: November 2018

This is the case of a 66-year-old male with cervical myelopathy secondary to severe cervical stenosis manifesting as worsening dexterity and numbness in his right hand. The patient underwent C3–C6 laminoplasty with bilateral foraminotomies. During the procedure an incidental durotomy occurred which was patched intraoperatively with Duragen and Tisseel. At 1 month follow-up, the patient reported that he was doing well and skin sutures were removed. Two days later, the patient presented to the emergency department with postoperative wound dehiscence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, altered mental status and lethargy. At that time, a computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a tension pneumocephalus which was treated with a cranial burr hole and revision durotomy repair. The patient improved and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility with intact motor and cognitive function. At the 1-year follow-up appointment, he continued to do well without sequelae.
Tinnitus Management in Lateral Skull Base Lesions
Authors: Juan Juan , Basura Gregory
Published: November 2018

Tinnitus, the phantom perception of sound in the absence of a physical sound source, is a complex problem with multiple etiologies. While most commonly presenting in a subjective fashion caused by measurable hearing loss, other etiologies including lateral skull base tumors that encroach on middle and inner ear structures can lead to phantom sound perception as well. In addition to discussing the basic background of tinnitus, here we also review current theories of etiology that include central auditory and nonauditory neural mechanisms and potential treatments that range from sound therapy to medications to cognitive and behavioral therapies and cranial nerve and brain stimulation. One main purpose of this article is to relate tinnitus causes to skull base tumors, surgical removal, and resultant sequelae, including damage to cranial nerves resulting in audiovestibular dysfunction. We also discuss the utility of microvascular decompression for both tumor and nontumor-associated tinnitus and the current literature regarding hearing preservation rates and tinnitus perception, where documented, with the three common treatment modalities employed for most lateral skull base tumors that includes watchful waiting with serial imaging, stereotactic radiosurgery and primary surgical resection using hearing preservation and hearing ablative approaches. The management of skull base tumors is a complex process that depending upon the approach and sequelae, may lead to manageable or worsening phantom sound perception that must be considered when discussing the multiple treatment options with patients.
Experimental characterization of an extended electrohydrodynamic cone-jet with a hemispherical nozzle
Authors: Rajabi A. , Javadi E. , Pejman Sereshkeh S. R. , Morad M. R. , Kebriaee A. , Nasiri H. , Razavi Haeri S. A. A.
Published: November 2018

An extended Taylor cone-jet mode is experimentally characterized using a recently introduced hemispherical nozzle. Ethanol is used as the working fluid, and the nozzle produces a much broader range of flow rate and stability of the cone-jet mode. High-resolution images are captured using a high-power light-emitting diode in precise lighting operations to characterize the liquid behavior. Various regimes in the extended cone-jet mode are recognized and mapped in a plane of electro-Weber and Bond numbers. The cone profiles are quantified regarding dimensionless groups, and a related self-similarity is introduced. The cone elongates with the electro-Weber number but retracts as the Bond number increases. The cone and jet diameters are also quantified from the nozzle exit to where the jet begins a transition to instability. It is shown that jet diameter increases with the electro-Weber number powered by 0.75, but it is independent of the Bond number. The meniscus lengths are reported at different electro-Weber and Bond numbers too, and the corresponding correlations are obtained. Finally, jet whipping and spray envelopes are illustrated at various dimensionless numbers, while a wider spray envelope and a dual distribution are recognized at higher electro-Weber numbers.
Consistency and convergence of Eulerian Monte Carlo field method for solving transported probability density function equation in turbulence modeling
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Zhang Pei , Pant Tejas
Published: November 2018

The transported probability density function (PDF) method is an attractive model for the closure of turbulent mixing and turbulent reactive flows. The transported PDF method suffers from the curse of dimensionality and an efficient numerical implementation of the method has always been a research topic of great importance. The Eulerian Monte Carlo field (EMCF) method (also termed as the stochastic field method) has been proposed as an efficient solution approach for solving the PDF transport equation for two decades. In this work, we revisit the EMCF method and examine its mathematical consistency analytically and numerically. It is found that the EMCF method is not mathematically consistent with the PDF transport equation that the method intends to solve. This creates a serious inconsistency issue and causes uncertainties in the yielded numerical solutions by EMCF. It is imperative to examine the effect of the inconsistency. We evaluate the effect of the inconsistency in a simplified turbulent mixing layer test case. Corrections to remedy the mathematical inconsistency are proposed and examined. The effectiveness of the corrections is demonstrated numerically through convergence testing. The effect of the Reynolds number on the inconsistency is explored. The impact of the inconsistency is also investigated in a thermal wake behind a line source in grid turbulence to assess the importance of the issue in real turbulence problems.
Nanoscale groove textured β-Ga2O3 by room temperature inverse metal-assisted chemical etching and photodiodes with enhanced responsivity
Authors: Kim Munho , Huang Hsien-Chih , Kim Jeong Dong , Chabak Kelson D. , Kalapala Akhil Raj Kumar , Zhou Weidong , Li Xiuling
Published: November 2018

β-Ga2O3 is an emerging wide band-gap semiconductor that holds great promise for next generation power electronics and optoelectronics. β-Ga2O3 based ultraviolet photodetectors have been the subject of active research for the last few years. However, no micro and nanostructure surface texturing has been demonstrated for efficient light management in β-Ga2O3 optoelectronic applications yet. We hereby present nanoscale groove textured β-Ga2O3 metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes, enabled by the unique metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) method at room temperature in liquid. Although the textured surface stoichiometry shows ∼10% oxygen deficiency which results in a reduced Schottky barrier height and increased dark current, clear enhancement of the responsivity is demonstrated, compared to the planar untreated surface. The realization of MacEtch's applicability to β-Ga2O3 opens the door for producing more sophisticated device structures for this material, without resorting to conventional dry etch and potential damage.
High and low density patches in simulated liquid water
Authors: Ansari N. , Dandekar R. , Caravati S. , Sosso G.C. , Hassanali A.
Published: November 2018

We present insights into the nature of structural heterogeneities in liquid water by characterizing the empty space within the hydrogen bond network. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that density fluctuations create regions of empty space characterized by a diverse morphology – from spherical to fractal-like voids. These voids allow for the identification of low and high density patches of the liquid, encompassing short (0.3-0.5 nm) as well as long (1-2 nm) length-scales. In addition, we show that the formation of these patches is coupled to collective fluctuations involving the topology of hydrogen-bonded rings of water molecules. In particular, water molecules in the high density patches tend to be slightly more tetrahedral – which is consistent with the predictions of the hydrophobic effect.
High temperature impedance properties and conduction mechanism of W6+-doped CaBi4Ti4O15 Aurivillius piezoceramics
Authors: Xie Xinchun , Zhou Zhiyong , Wang Tianzi , Liang Ruihong , Dong Xianlin
Published: November 2018

Effects of W6+ doping on the phase structural and electrical properties, especially the conduction mechanism at a higher temperature of CaBi4Ti4O15 Aurivillius piezoceramics, have been investigated systematically. The conductivity properties at a temperature range from 500 °C to 650 °C have been characterized by complex impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity shows a nature of ionic conduction mechanism and non-Debye relaxation process at a higher temperature. The non-Debye relaxation behavior and conduction process are dominated by the jump of charge carriers, which can be demonstrated by the similar values of the relaxation activation energy (1.45 eV), hopping conduction energy (1.50 eV), and dc conduction energy (1.39 eV). Meanwhile, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of CaBi4Ti4O15 has been improved from 7.5 pC/N to 17.8 pC/N and keeps good temperature stability up to 650 °C with appropriate W6+ doping. These results provide a profound insight into the conduction process and mechanism from the viewpoint of microstructure, which is greatly beneficial for the high-temperature application of Aurivillius piezoceramics.
Anomalous Hall-like transverse magnetoresistance in Au thin films on Y3Fe5O12
Authors: Kosub Tobias , Vélez Saül , Gomez-Perez Juan M. , Hueso Luis E. , Fassbender Jürgen , Casanova Fèlix , Makarov Denys
Published: November 2018

Anomalous Hall-like signals in platinum in contact with magnetic insulators are common observations that could be explained by either proximity magnetization or spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). In this work, longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistances are measured in a pure gold thin film on the ferrimagnetic insulator Y3Fe5O12 (Yttrium Iron Garnet, YIG). We show that both the longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistances have quantitatively consistent scaling in YIG/Au and in a YIG/Pt reference system when applying the SMR framework. No contribution of an anomalous Hall effect due to the magnetic proximity effect is evident.
Resolving ZnO-based coaxial core-multishell heterostructure by electrical scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Wang Lin , Sartel Corinne , Hassani Said , Sallet Vincent , Brémond Georges
Published: November 2018

Coaxially periodic ZnO/ZnMgO core-multishell nanowire (NW) heterostructures were grown via a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method. We investigated their electrical properties via the application of two locally resolved electrical scanning probe microscopy techniques, i.e., scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM), following a planarization process. As a result, ZnO and ZnMgO layers can be unambiguously distinguished by both techniques on NWs with diameters <1 μm and the smallest layer thickness of 10 nm, where a higher free carrier concentration along with a low resistivity is revealed for the ZnO regions in comparison to ZnMgO portions, as expected. This work demonstrates the high capability of SCM/SSRM as supplementary and effective tools for probing local electrical properties within functional complex quasi-1D heterostructures.
Excitation of plasmonic resonances within UV-Vis wavelength range using low-purity aluminum nanoconcave arrays
Authors: González-Campuzano R. , Mata-Zamora M. E. , López-Romero S. , Mendoza D.
Published: November 2018

Size-controllable aluminum nanoconcave arrays were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of high and low-purity aluminum foils using oxalic, phosphoric, and citric acids. The plasmonic properties of the nanoconcave arrays in the two types of Al were investigated based on the specular reflectance in the 190–1400 nm wavelength range. We found that their optical reflectance was dramatically reduced as compared with unstructured Al. At the same time, pronounced reflectivity dips were detectable in the 280–1250 nm wavelength range for the case of high-purity aluminum, while for low-purity aluminum, they were within 260–580 nm, which were ascribed to plasmonic resonances of first and second orders. As a proof of principle of an application, we placed graphene on top of the nanoconcave arrays and observed a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) effect that resulted in an intensity increase in the characteristic G and 2D bands of graphene induced by the plasmonic properties of Al nanoconcave arrays. The maximum increase was achieved when the plasmonic resonance almost matched with the wavelength of the excitation laser probe of the Raman system. This study is important since we used low purity aluminum at a low cost to design and fabricate SERS substrates which can be used in practical applications.
Electronic properties of graphene with point defects
Authors: Skrypnyk Y. V. , Loktev V. M.
Published: November 2018

This article attempts a point-by-point review of the electron spectrum of graphene containing defects (adsorbed atoms, substitutional atoms, vacancies) that can be adequately described within the Lifshitz model. In this regard, the known Hamiltonian for this model is calculated for the case of two-dimensional relativistic electrons, and the criteria for occurrence of an impurity resonance near a Dirac point are given. The theory of concentration band structure transformation of graphene is presented, from which it follows that a transport gap is opened upon reaching a strictly defined value of impurity concentration in the neighborhood of the energy of impurity resonance. At the same time, the question of the possibility (or impossibility) of localization in such a {spatially disordered system} of Dirac quasiparticles is analyzed. Based on this, it is possible to provide an explanation and present a description of a phenomenon recently observed in {impure graphene}, the metal-dielectric transition that appears as a direct consequence of the decrease of the Fermi energy of the system in the region of a transport gap. The concept of local spectrum rearrangement of graphene, which also occurs during the process of increased concentration of defects in it, is introduced and substantiated. Physical reasons are formulated, by which the position of the minimum of the low-temperature conductivity of graphene as a function of the Fermi energy of electrons corresponds to the impurity resonance energy rather than to the Dirac point, as has been validated in a number of theoretical and test studies. Here, it appears that the minimum value is not a universal magnitude, but depends on the concentration of defects. Analytical examination of impurity effects is accompanied by numerical modeling of the system under study, as a result of which complete correspondence has been established between these two approaches. In particular, the overall picture of spectrum rearrangement, localization of electron states, and also the effects having local nature are confirmed.
Effect of magnetic relaxation on magnetization reversal of K0.4[Cr(CN)6][Mn(R/S)-pn](R/S)-pnH0.6 molecular ferrimagnet
Authors: Morgunov R. B. , Kirman M. V.
Published: November 2018

A series of magnetization reversal curves of the chiral molecular magnet K0.4[Cr(CN)6][Mn(R/S)-pn](R/S)-pnH0.6 was measured and analyzed, which allowed the detection of maxima in the sample reversal diagram (First Order Reversal Curves, FORC). These maxima correspond to the contributions of domain walls and spin solitons. It was found that an increase in temperature from 2 K to 20 K leads to an increase in the interval between the maxima along the axis of the interaction fields and to the dominance of the contribution of the domain walls over the spin solitons to the magnetization reversal of the sample. It has been established that the magnetization reversal diagram depends on the relaxation of the magnetic moment of the samples in a constant field.