bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding spinal vascular malformations among doctors in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Zhongjun , Fan Lingling , Xu Dongwei , Ma Jie , Hu Yan , Li Jiang , Liu Yufeng
Published: February 2024

Objective

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) models are essential tools for assessing healthcare professionals’ understanding, beliefs and behaviours towards specific health issues. This study aimed to explore the KAP of Chinese doctors in diagnosing and treating spinal vascular malformations (SVM).

Design

A web-based cross-sectional survey.

Setting

This study was conducted between October and December 2022 through a self-administered questionnaire.

Participants

Participants include full-time doctors who voluntarily participate. Doctors in advanced training, regular training or internships were excluded.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The KAP scores of Chinese doctors in diagnosing and treating SVM measured by the questionnaire.

Results

A total of 517 doctors participated in the study, mostly in Shaanxi, China, working in SVM-relevant departments (n=396) or other departments (n=121). The doctors achieved an average knowledge score of 9.66±1.95 (range: 0–12), attitude score of 22.16±1.71 (range: 6–30) and practice scores of 46.13±5.35 for those in SVM-relevant departments (neurosurgery, orthopaedics and neurology) and 8.50±1.25 for those in other departments, respectively, revealing doctors have adequate knowledge, positive attitude and good practice, and those in SVM-relevant departments showing more adeptness compared with those in other departments. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge about SVM (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.65, p=0.015), holding a master’s degree (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.00, p=0.013) and working in orthopaedics (OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.88, p=0.026) were independently associated with good attitude.

Conclusion

Chinese doctors showed adequate knowledge, moderate attitudes and good practice regarding SVM. A continuing education programme may improve clinical practitioners’ ability to manage SVM.
Comparison between transradial and transfemoral mechanical thrombectomy for ICA and M1 occlusions: insights from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR)
Authors: Silva Michael A , Elawady Sameh Samir , Maier Ilko , Al Kasab Sami , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-Tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Goyal Nitin , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Grossberg Jonathan A , Alawieh Ali , Alaraj Ali , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam J , Siddiqui Fazeel M , Osbun Joshua W , Crosa Roberto Javier , Matouk Charles , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Dumont Travis M , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Spiotta Alejandro M , Park Min S , Starke Robert M
Published: February 2024

Background

The role for the transradial approach for mechanical thrombectomy is controversial. We sought to compare transradial and transfemoral mechanical thrombectomy in a large multicenter database of acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

The prospectively maintained Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) was reviewed for patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for an internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess outcomes including reperfusion time, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), distal embolization, and functional outcomes.

Results

A total of 2258 cases, 1976 via the transfemoral approach and 282 via the transradial approach, were included. Radial access was associated with shorter reperfusion time (34.1 min vs 43.6 min, P=0.001) with similar rates of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2B or greater reperfusion (87.9% vs 88.1%, P=0.246). Patients treated via a transradial approach were more likely to achieve at least TICI 2C (59.6% vs 54.7%, P=0.001) and TICI 3 reperfusion (50.0% vs 46.2%, P=0.001), and had shorter lengths of stay (mean 9.2 days vs 10.2, P<0.001). Patients treated transradially had a lower rate of symptomatic ICH (8.0% vs 9.4%, P=0.047) but a higher rate of distal embolization (23.0% vs 7.1%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in functional outcome at 90 days between the two groups.

Conclusions

Radial and femoral thrombectomy resulted in similar clinical outcomes. In multivariate analysis, the radial approach had improved revascularization rates, fewer cases of symptomatic ICH, and faster reperfusion times, but higher rates of distal emboli. Further studies on the optimal approach are necessary based on patient and disease characteristics.
A novel swine model of selective middle meningeal artery catheterization and embolization
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Pionessa Donald , Koenigsknecht Carmon , Gutierrez Liza , Setlur Nagesh Swetadri Vasan , Meess Tuttle Karen M , Spengler Mike , Akkad Yousef , Vakharia Kunal , Shapiro Maksim , Gounis Matthew J , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: February 2024

Background

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is a promising intervention as a stand-alone or adjunct treatment to surgery in patients with chronic subdural hematomas. There are currently no large animal models for selective access and embolization of the MMA for preclinical evaluation of this endovascular modality. Our objective was to introduce a novel in vivo model of selective MMA embolization in swine.

Methods

Diagnostic cerebral angiography with selective microcatheter catheterization into the MMA was performed under general anesthesia in five swine. Anatomical variants in arterial meningeal supply were examined. In two animals, subsequent embolization of the MMA with a liquid embolic agent (Onyx-18) was performed, followed by brain tissue harvest and histological analysis.

Results

The MMA was consistently localized as a branch of the internal maxillary artery just distal to the origin of the ascending pharyngeal artery. Additional meningeal supply was observed from the external ophthalmic artery, although not present consistently. MMA embolization with Onyx was technically successful and feasible. Histological analysis showed Onyx material within the MMA lumen.

Conclusions

Microcatheter access into the MMA in swine with liquid embolic agent delivery represents a reproducible model of MMA embolization. Anatomical variations in the distribution of arterial supply to the meninges exist. This model has a potential application for comparing therapeutic effects of various embolic agents in a preclinical setting that closely resembles the MMA embolization procedure in humans.
Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation (nerve stimulation) for the treatment of pain following cholecystectomy and hernia repair: a randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Ilfeld Brian M , Abramson Wendy B , Alexander Brenton , Sztain Jacklynn F , Said Engy T , Broderick Ryan C , Sandler Bryan J , Doucet Jay J , Adams Laura M , Abdullah Baharin , Cha Brannon J , Finneran John J
Published: February 2024

Background

Percutaneous auricular nerve stimulation (neuromodulation) involves implanting electrodes around the ear and administering an electric current. A device is currently available within the USA cleared to treat symptoms from opioid withdrawal, and multiple reports suggest a possible postoperative analgesic effect. The current randomized controlled pilot study was undertaken to (1) determine the feasibility and optimize the protocol for a subsequent definitive clinical trial; and (2) estimate the treatment effect of auricular neuromodulation on postoperative pain and opioid consumption following two ambulatory surgical procedures.

Methods

Within the recovery room following cholecystectomy or hernia repair, an auricular neuromodulation device (NSS-2 Bridge, Masimo, Irvine, California, USA) was applied. Participants were randomized to 5 days of either electrical stimulation or sham in a double-blinded fashion.

Results

In the first 5 days, the median (IQR) pain level for active stimulation (n=15) was 0.6 (0.3–2.4) vs 2.6 (1.1–3.7) for the sham group (n=15) (p=0.041). Concurrently, the median oxycodone use for the active stimulation group was 0 mg (0–1), compared with 0 mg (0–3) for the sham group (p=0.524). Regarding the highest pain level experienced over the entire 8-day study period, only one participant (7%) who received active stimulation experienced severe pain, versus seven (47%) in those given sham (p=0.031).

Conclusions

Percutaneous auricular neuromodulation reduced pain scores but not opioid requirements during the initial week after cholecystectomy and hernia repair. Given the ease of application as well as a lack of systemic side effects and reported complications, a definitive clinical trial appears warranted.

Trial registration number

NCT05521516
.
Sedation from analgesics: patient preference survey
Authors: Burdon Joseph , Fingas Samuel , Parry Rachel , Pitsillides Constantina , Taylor Paul
Published: February 2024

Background

The propensity for certain analgesics to cause sedation is well documented, yet physician–patient dialogue does not routinely include pre-emptive exploration of preferences regarding this side effect.

Objectives

To investigate the extent to which palliative patients would accept sedation as a side effect of analgesia and to identify factors affecting decision-making.

Methods

Patients (n=76) known to a specialist palliative care services were given hypothetical scenarios regarding pain and asked about the acceptability of varying levels of sedation occurring as an analgesic side effect. Demographic data, including diagnosis, performance status and experience of pain and sedation, were collated for evaluation of the influence of these factors on patient opinion.

Results

Most patients (89.47%) would be quite or very likely to accept mild sedation. A significant minority (40.79%) would accept high levels of sedation. There is no significant association with the acceptability of sedation according to demographics. Almost half (40.79%) reported that their responses may change if the prognosis were extended, typically for less sedation with a longer prognosis.

Conclusions

Increasing levels of sedation are less acceptable, although there is significant variation in views. Palliative care patients are likely to indicate preferences regarding their acceptability of sedation. Palliative physicians must explore preferences on an individualised basis.
Multiscale and multidisciplinary data-driven reservoir characterization of a fractured carbonate field in Kurdistan
Authors: Sena C. M. , Musial M. , Quental S. , Canner K. L. , Funk E. , Nozari A.
Published: February 2024

The combination of traditional subsurface interpretation techniques with advanced data analytics is a key stepping stone for better predicting reservoir quality, especially in heterogeneous and complex geological systems. The Peshkabir oil and gas field, located in the north of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and within the Tawke Production Sharing Contract, is one such heterogeneous system. Well oil rates vary significantly across the field and cannot be simply correlated to fracture densities measured at the wells. Understanding which fractures matter and what influences reservoir deliverability is a question of major importance for maximizing oil production. The carbonate reservoirs include karstified vuggy zones and hydrothermal dolostones, in addition to an extensively developed fractured network. This paper presents a geological conceptual model for the Peshkabir field, and an application of Python based data science techniques to identify key predictors of reservoir deliverability from drilling, logging and production data. We demonstrate that the major advantage of the application of advanced data analytics is that it can enable the recognition of patterns and associations in a complex, high-dimensional parameter environment whereas traditional interpretation methods typically only allow for the comparison of two or three parameters at a time. This method allows the integration of dynamic and static data effectively and empowers the interpreter to incorporate all the available insights which, coupled with domain knowledge, allows for data-driven decision-making.
Disinformation 2.0 in the Age of AI: A Cybersecurity Perspective
Authors: Mazurczyk Wojciech , Lee Dongwon , Vlachos Andreas
Published: February 2024

Why disinformation is a cyber threat.
Internet of Things Security and Privacy Labels Should Empower Consumers
Authors: Cranor Lorrie Faith , Agarwal Yuvraj , Emami-Naeini Pardis
Published: February 2024

Designs should offer useful information and convenience.
Optimizing Embodied Emissions
Authors: Shenoy Prashant
Published: February 2024

In a recent column, I wrote about understanding embodied emissions in terms of how they are measured and accounted for based on the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG) [1]. In this column, I will discuss how embodied emissions can be optimized and research challenges that our community can address. First, a quick recap. Embodied emissions, also known as scope 3 emissions, are indirect emissions of an organization that result from all other upstream and downstream activities, such as from purchased goods and services [2]. Operational emissions, on the other hand, are emissions resulting from burning fuels or consuming energy such as electricity. To decarbonize any system, it is important to reduce both its embodied and operation emissions, collectively referred to as lifecycle emissions.
Phase Transitions in Organic and Organic/Inorganic Aerosol Particles
Authors: Freedman Miriam Arak , Huang Qishen , Pitta Kiran R.
Published: February 2024

The phase state of aerosol particles can impact numerous atmospheric processes, including new particle growth, heterogeneous chemistry, cloud condensation nucleus formation, and ice nucleation. In this article, the phase transitions of inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic aerosol particles are discussed, with particular focus on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The physical chemistry that determines whether LLPS occurs, at what relative humidity it occurs, and the resultant particle morphology is explained using both theoretical and experimental methods. The known impacts of LLPS on aerosol processes in the atmosphere are discussed. Finally, potential evidence for LLPS from field and chamber studies is presented. By understanding the physical chemistry of the phase transitions of aerosol particles, we will acquire a better understanding of aerosol processes, which in turn impact human health and climate.
Endogenous State Capacity
Authors: Suryanarayan Pavithra
Published: February 2024

Canonical studies of the origins of state capacity have focused on macro-historical or structural explanations. I review recent research in historical political economy that showcases the role of politics—agents, their constraints, and their motivations—in the evolution of state capacity. Findings from both developed and developing countries emphasize how elite conflict, principal–agent dilemmas, and ethnic and racial differences have shaped agents’ preferences for capacity. These new studies demonstrate that state capacity can be strategically manipulated by political and economic elites, and that the various dimensions of state capacity—extractive, coercive, legal—do not necessarily move together. Refocusing our attention on the political drivers of state capacity has also shed light on why there are such stark subnational variations in the development of state capacity, particularly within large polities like India, China, and the United States. The findings point to the need for more nuanced conceptualization and measurement of state capacity.
Simulated Start-Stop and the Impact of Catalyst Layer Redox on Degradation and Performance Loss in Low-Temperature Electrolysis
Authors: Alia Shaun M. , Reeves Kimberly S. , Cullen David A. , Yu Haoran , Kropf A. Jeremy , Kariuki Nancy , Park Jae Hyung , Myers Deborah J.
Published: February 2024

Stress tests are developed that focus on anode catalyst layer degradation in proton exchange membrane electrolysis due to simulated start-stop operation. Ex situ testing indicates that repeated redox cycling accelerates catalyst dissolution, due to near-surface reduction and the higher dissolution kinetics of metals when cycling to high potentials. Similar results occur in situ, where a large decrease in cell kinetics (>70%) is found along with iridium migrating from the anode catalyst layer into the membrane. Additional processes are observed, however, including changes in iridium oxidation, the formation of thinner and denser catalyst layers, and platinum migration from the transport layer. Increased interfacial weakening is also found, adding to both ohmic and kinetic loss by adding contact resistances and isolating portions of the catalyst layer. Repeated shutoffs of the water flow further accelerate performance loss and increase the frequency of tearing and delamination at interfaces and within catalyst layers. These tests were applied to several commercial catalysts, where higher loss rates were observed for catalysts that contained ruthenium or high metal content. These results demonstrate the need to understand how operational stops occur, to identify how loss mechanisms are accelerated, and to develop strategies to limit performance loss.
Electrochemical Study of OH− in Molten MgCl2-NaCl-KCl Salts
Authors: Yang Qiufeng , Zhang Jinsuo
Published: February 2024

The present study determines the equilibrium concentration of OH- in molten MgCl2-NaCl-KCl salts and measures the kinetic properties data of OH- (diffusion coefficient, exchange current density, charge transfer coefficient, limiting current density, and standard rate constant) accordingly at different temperatures. The equilibrium concentration of OH- descends as the temperature increases, which ranges from 4.11 to 2.84 × 10−6 mol cm−3 in the temperature range of 600 °C–800 °C. The diffusion coefficient follows Arrhenius law with a value between 2.46 and 4.48 × 10−4 cm2 s−1. The exchange and limit current densities, and standard rate constant increase with temperature. The calculated standard rate constant

k

0

follows Arrhenius law, which is in the range from 1.23 to 2.50 × 10−4 cm s−1. The measured charge transfer coefficient is independent of temperature, which validates the present measurements.
Comment on “Dielectric, Optical, and Magnetic Behaviors of Magnesium Iron-Based Double Perovskite” [
ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.
, 11, 113003 (2022)]
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł E.
Published: February 2024

It is obvious and well known that, when starting studies on a given sample, it is necessary to be sure of the chemical and phase composition of the sample. The most ideal method is to verify this by X-ray (or neutron) diffraction and subsequent structural analysis. Such initial analysis must use the well-known set of assumptions based on 100 years of X-ray diffraction studies. Without the use of these assumptions or rules, the subsequent results of any studies will not be valuable and may be erroneous. The most important rule is that the diffraction pattern is a kind of fingerprint of the given crystal/compound. Thus, the second rule is that the diffraction pattern of the mixture of phases is a simple sum of diffraction patters from the components.
In-situ Crosslinked Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Ionic Monomers as Charge Carriers for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: He Peng , Chen Sam , Choi Yun Young , Myung Nosang V. , Nykaza Jacob R. , Schaefer Jennifer L.
Published: February 2024

In-situ polymerization is a method for fabricating lithium-ion batteries to contain solid or gel electrolytes without major manufacturing changes. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) wherein some polymer in incorporated, decreasing the volume of liquid electrolyte, have been pursued as they may be safer. One challenge with GPEs is reduced ion transport properties. In this work, macromonomers with different chain chemistry and ionic monomers are crosslinked on electrospun polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in the presence of solvents, without conventional salt, to in-situ fabricate GPEs with elevated transference number within coin cells. These GPEs would be single-ion conductors in the case of complete ionic monomer polymerization to the crosslinked network. The effect of chain chemistry and the percentage of macromonomers and ionic monomers in the GPEs on conductivity are investigated. It is found that poly(siloxane) diacrylate (PDMSDA)- and perfluoropolyether tetra-acrylate (PFPETA)-based GPEs outperform the poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate (PPGDA)- and poly(tetrahydrofuran) diacrylate (PTHFDA)-based GPEs in terms of ionic conductivity. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved for a PDMSDA-based GPE at 4.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 23 °C. Graphite/NMC-811 full cells prepared with the in-situ polymerized PDMSDA-based GPEs show capacity retention of 82.6% after 100 cycles, albeit with limited electrode utilization due to ion transport limitations.
In chronic kidney disease altered cardiac metabolism precedes cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Williams Matthew J. , Halabi Carmen M. , Patel Hiral M. , Joseph Zachary , McCommis Kyle , Weinheimer Carla , Kovacs Attila , Lima Florence , Finck Brian , Malluche Hartmut , Hruska Keith A.
Published: February 2024

Heart disease is an important morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertension, vascular stiffness, and vascular calcification all contribute to cardiac pathophysiology. However, cardiac function in CKD devoid of vascular disease has not been studied. Here, in an animal model of human CKD without conduit arterial disease, we analyze cardiac respiration and discover that CKD directly impairs cardiac mitochondrial function by decreasing oxidative phosphorylation. Protection of cardiac oxidative phosphorylation may be a therapeutic target in CKD.
Bilateral nephrectomy impairs cardiovascular function and cerebral perfusion in a rat model of acute hemodilutional anemia
Authors: Chin Kyle , Jiang Helen , Steinberg Benjamin E. , Goldenberg Neil M. , Desjardins Jean-Francois , Kabir Golam , Liu Elaine , Vanama Ramesh , Baker Andrew J. , Deschamps Alain , Simpson Jeremy A. , Maynes Jason T. , Vinogradov Sergei A. , Connelly Kim A. , Mazer C. David , Hare Gregory M. T.
Published: February 2024

This study has demonstrated that bilateral nephrectomy acutely impaired cardiac output (CO) and microvascular brain Po2 (PBro2), at baseline. Following acute hemodilution, nephrectomy prevented the adaptive increase in CO associated with acute hemodilution leading to a further reduction in PBro2, accentuating the degree of cerebral tissue hypoxia. These data support a role for the kidney in maintaining PBro2 and initiating the increase in CO that optimized brain perfusion during acute anemia.
Postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates at rest and after resistance exercise in women with postmenopause
Authors: McKenna Colleen F. , Askow Andrew T. , Paulussen Kevin J. M. , Salvador Amadeo F. , Fang Hsin-Yu , Ulanov Alexander V. , Li Zhong , Paluska Scott A. , Beals Joseph W. , Jäger Ralf , Purpura Martin , Burd Nicholas A.
Published: February 2024

An adequate quality and quantity of skeletal muscle is relevant to support physical performance and metabolic health. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is an established remodeling marker, which can be hypertrophic or nonhypertrophic. Importantly, protein ingestion and resistance exercise are two strategies that support healthy muscle by stimulating MPS. Our study shows postmenopause modulates baseline MPS that may diminish the MPS response to the fundamental anabolic stimuli of protein ingestion and resistance exercise in older females.
Evolution, biomechanics, and neurobiology converge to explain selective finger motor control
Authors: Xu Jing , Mawase Firas , Schieber Marc H.
Published: February 2024

Humans use their fingers to perform a variety of tasks, from simple grasping to manipulating objects, to typing and playing musical instruments, a variety wider than any other species. The more sophisticated the task, the more it involves individuated finger movements, those in which one or more selected fingers perform an intended action while the motion of other digits is constrained. Here we review the neurobiology of such individuated finger movements. We consider their evolutionary origins, the extent to which finger movements are in fact individuated, and the evolved features of neuromuscular control that both enable and limit individuation. We go on to discuss other features of motor control that combine with individuation to create dexterity, the impairment of individuation by disease, and the broad extent of capabilities that individuation confers on humans. We comment on the challenges facing the development of a truly dexterous bionic hand. We conclude by identifying topics for future investigation that will advance our understanding of how neural networks interact across multiple regions of the central nervous system to create individuated movements for the skills humans use to express their cognitive activity.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Franco Priscila Silva , Scussel Ana Carolina Morais Oliveira , Silva Rafaela José , Araújo Thadia Evelyn , Gonzaga Henrique Tomaz , Marcon Camila Ferreira , Brito-de-Sousa Joaquim Pedro , Diniz Angélica Lemos Debs , Paschoini Marina Carvalho , Barbosa Bellisa Freitas , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Mineo José Roberto , Ferro Eloisa Amália Vieira , Gomes Angelica Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Objective. To understand how congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) diagnosis has evolved over the years, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis. Methods. PubMed and Lilacs databases were used in order to access the kind of analysis that has been employed for CT diagnosis in several samples. Our search combined the following combining terms: “congenital toxoplasmosis” or “gestational toxoplasmosis” and “diagnosis” and “blood,” “serum,” “amniotic fluid,” “placenta,” or “colostrum.” We extracted data on true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative to generate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Random-effects models using MetaDTA were used for analysis. Results. Sixty-five articles were included in the study aiming for comparisons (75.4%), diagnosis performance (52.3%), diagnosis improvement (32.3%), or to distinguish acute/chronic infection phases (36.9%). Amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta were used in 36.9% and 10.8% of articles, respectively, targeting parasites and/or T. gondii DNA. Blood was used in 86% of articles for enzymatic assays. Colostrum was used in one article to search for antibodies. In meta-analysis, PCR in AF showed the best performance for CT diagnosis based on the highest summary sensitivity (85.1%) and specificity (99.7%) added to lower magnitude heterogeneity. Conclusion. Most of the assays being researched to diagnose CT are basically the same traditional approaches available for clinical purposes. The range in diagnostic performance and the challenges imposed by CT diagnosis indicate the need to better explore pregnancy samples in search of new possibilities for diagnostic tools. Exploring immunological markers and using bioinformatics tools and T. gondii recombinant antigens should address the research needed for a new generation of diagnostic tools to face these challenges.
Application of Improved WOA in Hammerstein Parameter Resolution Problems under Advanced Mathematical Theory
Authors: Zhao Lu , Liu Jiangjun , Li Yuan
Published: February 2024

With the development of industrial demand, precise identification of system models is currently required in the field of industrial control, which limits the whale search algorithm. In response to the fact that whale optimization algorithms are prone to falling into local optima and the identification of important Hammerstein models ignores the issue of noise outliers in actual industrial environments, this study improves the whale algorithm and constructs a Hammerstein model identification strategy for nonlinear systems under heavy‐tailed noise using the improved whale algorithm. Results showed that it had a lower rank average and an average success rate of 95.65%. It found the global optimum when the number of iterations reached around 150 and had faster convergence speed and accuracy. In identifying Hammerstein model under heavy‐tailed noise, the average prediction recognition accuracy of the improved whale algorithm was 92.38%, the determination coefficient was 0.89, the percentage fitting error was 0.03, and the system error was 0.02. This research achievement has certain value in the field of industrial control and can serve as a technical reference.
Species, Natural Leishmania spp. Detection and Blood Meal Sources of Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Peridomiciles from a Leishmaniases Endemic Area of Brazil
Authors: Leonel João Augusto Franco , Vioti Geovanna , Alves Maria Luana , Spada Julio Cesar Pereira , Yamaguchi Alex Kazuo , Pereira Nuno Wolfgang Balbini , Silva Diogo Tiago da , Benassi Julia Cristina , Galvis-Ovallos Fredy , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Starke-Buzetti Wilma Aparecida , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Fukumasu Heidge , Oliveira Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa
Published: February 2024

Leishmaniases are important neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania spp. The female sandflies bite (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) is the main transmission form in the epidemiological chains of these diseases. Thus, studies on Phlebotominae subfamily are fundamental to improve the comprehension of the leishmaniases epidemiology, revealing relationships of these dipterans with the parasite and reservoirs. An entomological survey of Phlebotomine sandflies was carried out to investigate the fauna, Leishmania spp. DNA detection and blood meals sources of female sandflies captured in peridomiciles areas from a leishmaniases endemic area of São Paulo state, Brazil. A total of 637 Phlebotomine sandflies specimens were captured, and twelve species identified, some of them proven or suspected vectors of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Evandromyia (Aldamyia) carmelinoi and Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis PCR positive to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) were identified. Also, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis kDNA was found in Evandromyia (Aldamyia) lenti and Lu. (Lu.) longipalpis. Regarding blood meals source, DNA of swine, humans, dogs, cattle, chickens, and opossums were detected in the midgut of Phlebotomine sandflies females captured in the study area. Our results highlight ecological relationships among different species of Phlebotomine sandflies, domestic and wild‐synanthropic vertebrates (including humans) and two Leishmania species in peridomiciles from a leishmaniases endemic area of Brazil.
Association between the Reduced Expression of RECK and Neutrophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Su Yi , Liu Hong , Li Yongchun , Fang Xuejie , Yu Xinjuan , Li Qinghai , Han Wei
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), a recently discovered inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). There is a large number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients worldwide; however, the role of RECK on COPD has not been studied. This study explored the expression of RECK in COPD patients and its effect on neutrophil function to provide a new scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of COPD. Method: Fifty patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and fifty healthy controls were enrolled in the study. RECK was detected in lung tissue, sputum, and plasma of subjects as well as in BEAS-2B cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, lung function (FEV1%pred) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) were examined, and correlation analysis was performed with RECK expression. The effect of RECK on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory cytokines and its potential mechanism was further quantified by neutrophil stimulated with recombinant human RECK protein (rhRECK) combined with CSE using CCK8, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western analysis. Results: RECK was mainly expressed on airway epithelial cells in normal lung tissue and was significantly diminished in COPD patients. The levels of RECK in sputum and plasma were also significantly decreased in COPD patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that RECK level in plasma was positively correlated with FEV1%pred (r = 0.458, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 (r = −0.386, −0.437; p = 0.006, 0.002) in COPD patients. The expression of RECK was decreased in BEAS-2B stimulated with CSE. The migration, inflammation, and MMP-9 expression of neutrophils were promoted by CSE, while inhibited by rhRECK. Conclusion: RECK is low expressed in COPD patients and negatively correlated with inflammation. It may inhibit the inflammation and migration of neutrophils by downregulating MMP-9.
Combined effects of the serum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 staining on the renal outcome in adult IgA nephropathy.
Authors: Yang Dandan , Pei Gaiqin , Wang Siqing , Qin Aiya , Tang Yi , Qin Wei
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the serum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 deposits in kidney biopsy in adult IgA nephropathy.
Methods: The study included 718 adult IgAN patients diagnosed based on kidney biopsy. Patients without corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs >1 month were regularly followed up for at least 1 year or until the study endpoint. The optimum serum IgA/C3 ratio was calculated by the AUROC-based cutoff ratio. Proteinuria, creatinine, eGFR, serum IgA, and serum C3 were evaluated at baseline. Kidney biopsy was categorized using the Oxford classification, with a calculation of the MEST-C score. The degree of glomerular C3 staining was semiquantitatively determined (Grade 0, no or trace; Grade 1, mild; Grade 2, moderate; Grade 3, marked) by immunofluorescence microscopy. The patients were divided into four groups by the serum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 staining.
Results: The baseline data suggested that when the serum IgA/C3 ratio was at the same level, patients with a high glomerular C3 staining score (≥2) always had mesangial proliferation, segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (Group 1 vs Group 2; Group 3 vs Group 4). When glomerular C3 staining was at the same level, proteinuria was significantly higher in patients with serum IgA/C3<2.806 (Group 1 vs Group 3; Group 2 vs Group 4), which was contrary to previous studies that have suggested that the serum level of IgA/C3 was associated with disease severity. Hence, this study set out to investigate the combined effects of the serum IgA/C3 ratio and glomerular C3 staining on the renal outcome in adult IgA nephropathy. Renal survival analysis indicated that serum IgA/C3 ≥2.806 and glomerular C3 staining ≥2 (Group 1) may be correlated with a poorer prognosis, especially in different clinicopathological characteristics of IgAN patients based on the subgroup analysis. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that hypertension, serum creatinine, CKD stage, T1/2 and C3 staining were independent predictive factors of renal survival.
Conclusions: The combination of serum IgA/C3 and C3 staining may contribute to improved optimization of the prognostic model in IgAN patients, especially patients with different sexes and degrees of disease. However, further study is required for validation in the future.
No efficacy with non-invasive brain stimulation for painful legs and moving toes: A Case report
Authors: Brück Anna , Pullinen Jaakko , Nummelin Janne , Lehto Saara , Joutsa Juho
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Painful legs and moving toes (PLMT) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by neuropathic pain and involuntary movements in the lower limbs. The pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but central mechanisms might be involved suggesting that non-invasive brain stimulation might be helpful. Thus far no reports have been published on non-invasive brain stimulation to treat PLMT. Case presentation: a 70-year old female had a one year history of PLMT. After several unsuccessful medical attempts the patient received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation to alleviate the pain and involuntary movements with no benefit. Conclusion: This is a first report on non-invasive brain stimulation in a PLMT patient. Although ineffective in our patient non-invasive brain stimulation should be further studied in this often difficult to treat and debilitating syndrome.
Pemodelan Transportasi: Pendekatan Studi Kasus
Authors: Djakfar Ludfi
Published: February 2024

Pada setiap pengembangan kawasan baru atau pada kawasan yang sedang dipersiapkan untuk direvitalisasi diperlukan tersedianya infrastruktur transportasi. Ketersediaan infrastruktur transportasi ini menjadi bagian penting untuk mendukung aktivitas kawasan. Untuk memastikan bahwa ketersediaan infrastruktur tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan perkembangan tidak hanya saat ini, tetapi juga untuk masa yang akan datang, diperlukan adanya perencanaan transportasi. Untuk mendapatkan perencanaan transportasi yang optimum dibutuhkan adanya pengetahuan terkait pemodelan transportasi. Buku ini menjabarkan proses pemodelan transportasi, khususnya untuk transportasi darat, mulai dari penyampaian konsep pemodelan, kebutuhan data, dan proses analisisnya. Buku ini ditulis dengan pendekatan praktik. Artinya, tidak terlalu menekankan pada konsep matematika yang terdapat pada pemodelan transportasi, tetapi lebih menekankan pada aspek praktik dari kasus-kasus pemodelan transportasi.
Plurilingual und plurikulturell, noch eurozentrisch? Ein Entwicklungsvergleich des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmens und seines Begleitbandes
Authors: Fischer Jenny
Published: February 2024

Mit der Veröffentlichung des Begleitbandes (GeRB, 2020) zum Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmen (GeR, 2001) wird auf Kritik am ursprünglichen GeR reagiert und Neuerungen dargeboten. In diesem Artikel wird der GeR zunächst in seinen historischen und sprachpolitischen Kontext eingeordnet und seine eigentlichen Ziele, häufige Missverständnisse und Kritikpunkte erläutert. Anschließend werden die Neuerungen des Begleitbandes (GeRB), namentlich zu plurikulturellen und plurilingualen Kompetenzen sowie zur Mediation untersucht. Außerdem wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, ob der GeRB von seinem eurozentrisischen Blickwinkel abgekommen ist.
Xianxia como estratégia de soft power da China: um estudo sobre a série 'Amor Eterno'
Authors: Santos Aline , Dantas Guibson
Published: February 2024

Desde a década de 1970, a China vem empreendendo esforços para projetar-se no sistema internacional como uma potência mundial. Além da economia pujante e de projetos de infraestrutura em outros continentes, o país vem logrando visibilidade através da exportação de produtos culturais. Entre eles, destacam-se as séries televisivas do gênero xianxia, presentes no catálogo das principais plataformas de streaming. O propósito desta pesquisa foi identificar as características do citado gênero e, por meio da análise da série Amor Eterno, entender o seu potencial como um recurso de soft power da China. Conclui-se que Amor Eterno tem características que permitem construir uma boa imagem da China no exterior, gerando admiração e atração pelo país, pois seu enredo destaca aspectos positivos da cultura milenar do país asiático.
Inhibition of IL-1 Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmias in a Murine Model of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Mesquita Thassio , Lin Yen-Nien , Chen Shuang , Lee Youngho , Miguel-dos-Santos Rodrigo , Atici Asli E. , Fishbein Michael C. , Noval Rivas Magali , Arditi Moshe , Cingolani Eugenio
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness and systemic vasculitis often associated with cardiac sequelae, including arrhythmias. Abundant evidence indicates a central role for IL (interleukin)-1 and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) signaling in the formation of arterial lesions in KD. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of electrophysiological abnormalities in a murine model of KD vasculitis.

METHODS:

Lactobacillus casei
cell wall extract–induced KD vasculitis model was used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of clinically relevant IL-1Ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and TNFα neutralization. Echocardiography, in vivo electrophysiology, whole-heart optical mapping, and imaging were performed.

RESULTS:

KD vasculitis was associated with impaired ejection fraction, increased ventricular tachycardia, prolonged repolarization, and slowed conduction velocity. Since our transcriptomic analysis of human patients showed elevated levels of both IL-1β and TNFα, we asked whether either cytokine was linked to the development of myocardial dysfunction. Remarkably, only inhibition of IL-1 signaling by IL-1Ra but not TNFα neutralization was able to prevent changes in ejection fraction and arrhythmias, whereas both IL-1Ra and TNFα neutralization significantly improved vasculitis and heart vessel inflammation. The treatment of
L casei
cell wall extract–injected mice with IL-1Ra also restored conduction velocity and improved the organization of Cx43 (connexin 43) at the intercalated disk. In contrast, in mice with gain of function of the IL-1 signaling pathway,
L casei
cell wall extract induced spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and premature deaths.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results characterize the electrophysiological abnormalities associated with
L casei
cell wall extract–induced KD and show that IL-1Ra is more effective in preventing KD-induced myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmias than anti-TNFα therapy. These findings support the advancement of clinical trials using IL-1Ra in patients with KD.
A Study on the Battle of Changping
Authors: Wu Leijia
Published: February 2024

This article conducts a comprehensive study on the battle of Changping 長平 (260 BCE) between Qin 秦 and Zhao 趙 and challenges some traditional views on it. This article estimates the sizes and losses of the opposing sides and argues that although the number of losses of the Zhao army in this battle looks unreasonably large, it is too subjective to say that the ancient sources exaggerate the numbers because the definition of “soldiers” at that time was different from today. This article concludes that the reasons for Zhao’s defeat are not because of replacing an experienced chief commander with an inexperienced one or shortage in supply but because it was the relatively weaker side and more importantly, its long-term strategic planning and diplomacy were inferior to Qin’s. This article also argues that the influence of this battle is not as significant as claimed by some scholars.
What Influences the Propensity to Report Corruption to Relevant State Authorities? Evidence From Ghana
Authors: Asomah Joseph Yaw , Dim Eugene Emeka , Li Yiyan
Published: February 2024

Encouraging the public to report corrupt acts to state authorities is indispensable in combatting corruption. This article uses the Afrobarometer surveys (Rounds 7 and 8) focusing on Ghana to address a key question: Will high corruption tolerance and less trust in government reduce the tendency to report corrupt acts to relevant state authorities without fear? The current work draws on social accountability theory and political settlements framework. Our results indicate that tolerance of corruption does not predict the perceived propensity to report corruption, whereas trust in government is, with high trust increasing the likelihood of reporting corruption. The current work extends the substantiative understanding of the conditions under which respondents believe that ordinary people may or may not report corruption and the implications for strengthening anti-corruption work.
Using Price Promotions to Drive Children's Healthy Choices in a Developing Economy
Authors: Huang Szu-chi , Maimaran Michal , Kupor Daniella
Published: February 2024

This research examines how price discounts—a classic marketing incentive—drive children's healthy choices in the understudied context of a developing economy. The authors partnered with UNICEF to launch three field experiments in Panamá among 2,418 children to examine four pillars of price discount promotions for children: what to discount (product selection), how to discount (message design), whom to target (children's age), and whether to discount again (repetition). They uncovered four previously undocumented insights. First, price discounts alone effectively increase demand among children 6–11 years of age, reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature. Second, product selection based on relative price—a particularly crucial factor in developing regions—drives opposing postpromotion effects: ironically, marketers should not discount expensive healthy options but rather moderately priced ones. Third, different from prior literature's practice of directly communicating final prices, discount messages that require older children to derive final prices are more effective. Fourth, repetition can amplify or undermine discounts’ efficacy depending on message complexity and children's age. This research offers concrete guidelines for researchers and practitioners, uncovering both positive and negative effects of price promotions on children, and shedding light on price promotion interventions that most powerfully nudge children of different ages to act.
Municipal solid waste management instruments that influence the use of the refuse as fuel in developing countries: A critical review
Authors: Galavote Tânia , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Yamane Luciana Harue , Siman Renato Ribeiro
Published: February 2024

Landfills are the destination of most of the refuse generated whereas composting, material recycling, and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technologies are not commonly employed in developing countries. However, the destination for energy purposes could be supplied with this refuse, improving the viability of energy use. Thus, this article raises some questions to identify aspects that could encourage its use as refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in these countries. Among them, does environmental education affect the municipal solid waste (MSW) source separation with emphasis on a destination? Can selective collection and extended producer responsibility (EPR) affect the MSW for energy recovery? Is there competition between the recycling market and the energy market for RDF? A systematic review of the literature was conducted to gather data and provide answers to such questions. This enabled to observe that EPR, selective collect expansion and source separation influence the quantity and quality of waste sent for energy use. Both internal and external factors impact on source separation. Additionally, there is evidence to support that despite several studies showing their technical, economic, environmental and social viability, the methods of energy usage of the refuse still need to improve their deployment in developing countries. In addition to identifying the main research gaps to be filled in future studies, the article also identified the instruments of MSW management that are to be applied in developing countries to divert recyclable and organic waste from landfill.