bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light People: Professor Baohua Jia
Authors: Guo Siqiu
Published: August 2022

Editorial

Integrated photonics means integrating multiple photonic functions on a single Photonic Integrated Chip (PIC). Empowered by various nanofabrication techniques on diverse innovative material platforms, remarkable advances have been made in integrated photonics in the last decade. Light: Advanced Manufacturing (LAM) is a new, highly selective, open-access, and free of charge international sister journal of the Nature Journal Light: Science & Applications (Light). LAM aims to publish original innovative research papers and timely, state-of-the-art reviews in all modern areas of preferred light-based manufacturing, including fundamental and applied research as well as industrial innovations. LAM is organizing a special issue on integrated photonics, in order to capture the most exciting cutting edge advances in integrated photonics, including new material platforms, new fabrication and characterization technologies, new device architectures, new design principle of miniaturized components, nanophotonic devices, and their potential applications. We are very honored to feature Prof. Baohua Jia, the lead guest editor of this special issue, as this issue’s Light People. She is the Director of Center for Atomaterial Sciences and Technologies at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University and a top-level Future Fellow funded by the Australian Research Council. Her research focuses on fundamental light and nanomaterial interaction. In particular, her work on laser manipulation of two-dimensional materials has led to the design and fabrication of functional nanostructures and nanomaterials for effective harnessing and storage of clean energy from sunlight, purifying water and air for clean environment and imaging and spectroscopy and nanofabrication using ultrafast laser towards fast-speed all-optical communications and intelligent manufacturing. She is an elected Fellow of Optica (formally known as OSA) and an elected Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals, and Mining. She serves on the College of Expert for the Australian Research Council since 2019. Now please follow Light scientific editor to enter Prof. Jia’s academic world.
p53 positively regulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells promoted by laminin-521
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Hua Shuyao , Min Xiangde , Wang Liang , Li Jun , Wu Ping , Liang Huifang , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping , Xiang Shuai
Published: August 2022

Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) hold tremendous potential for liver regeneration, but their well-known limitation of proliferation hampers their broader use. There is evidence that laminin is required for the proliferation of HPCs, but the laminin isoform that plays the dominant role and the key intracellular downstream targets that mediate the regulation of HPC proliferation have yet to be determined. Here we showed that p53 expression increased gradually and reached maximal levels around 8 days when laminin α4, α5, β2, β1, and γ1 subunit levels also reached a maximum during HPC activation and expansion. Laminin-521 (LN-521) promoted greater proliferation of HPCs than do laminin, matrigel or other laminin isoforms. Inactivation of p53 by PFT-α or Ad-p53V143A inhibited the promotion of proliferation by LN-521. Further complementary MRI and bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that p53 inactivation decreased the proliferation of transplanted HPCs in vivo. p53 was activated by LN-521 through the Integrin α6β1/FAK-Src-Paxillin/Akt axis. Activated p53 was involved in the nuclear translocation of CDK4 and inactivation of Rb by inducing p27Kip1. Taken together, this study identifies LN-521 as an ideal candidate substrate for HPC culture and uncovers an unexpected positive role for p53 in regulating proliferation of HPCs, which makes it a potential target for HPC-based regenerative medicine.
Induction of RAC1 protein translation and MKK7/JNK-dependent autophagy through dicer/miR-145/SOX2/miR-365a axis contributes to isorhapontigenin (ISO) inhibition of human bladder cancer invasion
Authors: Hua Xiaohui , Xiang Daimin , Guo Mengxin , Qian Xiaohui , Chen Ruifan , Li Tengda , Tian Zhongxian , Xu Jiheng , Huang Chao , Xie Qipeng , Huang Chuanshu
Published: August 2022

Although our previous studies have identified that isorhapontigenin (ISO) is able to initiate autophagy in human bladder cancer (BC) cells by activating JNK/C-Jun/SESN2 axis and possesses an inhibitory effect on BC cell growth, association of autophagy directly with inhibition of BC invasion has never been explored. Also, upstream cascade responsible for ISO activating JNK remains unknown. Thus, we explored both important questions in the current study and discovered that ISO treatment initiated RAC1 protein translation, and its downstream kinase MKK7/JNK phosphorylation/activation, and in turn promoted autophagic responses in human BC cells. Inhibition of autophagy abolished ISO inhibition of BC invasion, revealing that autophagy inhibition was crucial for ISO inhibition of BC invasion. Consistently, knockout of RAC1 also attenuated induction of autophagy and inhibition of BC invasion by ISO treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that upregulation of RAC1 translation was due to ISO inhibition of miR-365a transcription, which reduced miR-365a binding to the 3’-UTR of RAC1 mRNA. Further study indicated that inhibition of miR-365a transcription was caused by downregulation of its transcription factor SOX2, while ISO-promoted Dicer protein translation increased miR-145 maturation, and consequently downregulating SOX2 expression. These findings not only provide a novel insight into the understanding association of autophagy induction with BC invasion inhibition by ISO, but also identify an upstream regulatory cascade, Dicer/miR145/SOX2/miR365a/RAC1, leading to MKK7/JNKs activation and autophagy induction.
A novel COL4A5 splicing variant causing X-linked Alport syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kumagai Naonori , Matsumoto Yuji , Kondoh Tomomi , Ikezumi Yohei
Published: August 2022

Alport syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by renal impairment, hearing loss, and ocular symptoms and is caused by COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 mutations. Here, we report the case of 3-year-old boy with isolated hematuria detected in routine preventative urinary screening conducted in 3-year-old children. He carried a novel variant, NM_033380.3:c. 1032 + 1 G > A, which caused a splicing abnormality in COL4A5. He was diagnosed with X-linked Alport syndrome.
Enhanced polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides
Authors: Cai Songhua , Lun Yingzhuo , Ji Dianxiang , Lv Peng , Han Lu , Guo Changqing , Zang Yipeng , Gao Si , Wei Yifan , Gu Min , Zhang Chunchen , Gu Zhengbin , Wang Xueyun , Addiego Christopher , Fang Daining , Nie Yuefeng , Hong Jiawang , Wang Peng , Pan Xiaoqing
Published: August 2022

Recent realizations of ultrathin freestanding perovskite oxides offer a unique platform to probe novel properties in two-dimensional oxides. Here, we observe a giant flexoelectric response in freestanding BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 in their bent state arising from strain gradients up to 3.5 × 107 m−1, suggesting a promising approach for realizing ultra-large polarizations. Additionally, a substantial change in membrane thickness is discovered in bent freestanding BiFeO3, which implies an unusual bending-expansion/shrinkage effect in the ferroelectric membrane that has never been seen before in crystalline materials. Our theoretical model reveals that this unprecedented flexural deformation within the membrane is attributable to a flexoelectricity–piezoelectricity interplay. The finding unveils intriguing nanoscale electromechanical properties and provides guidance for their practical applications in flexible nanoelectromechanical systems.
Structural and mechanistic basis for recognition of alternative tRNA precursor substrates by bacterial ribonuclease P
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiang , Huang Wei , Zhao Jing , Huynh Loc , Taylor Derek J. , Harris Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Binding of precursor tRNAs (ptRNAs) by bacterial ribonuclease P (RNase P) involves an encounter complex (ES) that isomerizes to a catalytic conformation (ES*). However, the structures of intermediates and the conformational changes that occur during binding are poorly understood. Here, we show that pairing between the 5′ leader and 3′RCCA extending the acceptor stem of ptRNA inhibits ES* formation. Cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis reveals a dynamic enzyme that becomes ordered upon formation of ES* in which extended acceptor stem pairing is unwound. Comparisons of structures with alternative ptRNAs reveals that once unwinding is completed RNase P primarily uses stacking interactions and shape complementarity to accommodate alternative sequences at its cleavage site. Our study reveals active site interactions and conformational changes that drive molecular recognition by RNase P and lays the foundation for understanding how binding interactions are linked to helix unwinding and catalysis.
PD-L2 controls peripherally induced regulatory T cells by maintaining metabolic activity and Foxp3 stability
Authors: Hurrell Benjamin P. , Helou Doumet Georges , Howard Emily , Painter Jacob D. , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Sharpe Arlene H. , Akbari Omid
Published: August 2022

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are central to limit immune responses to allergens. Here we show that PD-L2 deficiency prevents the induction of tolerance to ovalbumin and control of airway hyperreactivity, in particular by limiting pTreg numbers and function. In vitro, PD-1/PD-L2 interactions increase iTreg numbers and stability. In mice lacking PD-L2 we find lower numbers of splenic pTregs at steady state, producing less IL-10 upon activation and with reduced suppressive activity. Remarkably, the numbers of splenic pTregs are restored by adoptively transferring PD-L2high dendritic cells to PD-L2KO mice. Functionally, activated pTregs lacking PD-L2 show lower Foxp3 expression, higher methylation of the Treg-Specific Demethylation Region (TSDR) and a decreased Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle associated with a defect in mitochondrial function and ATP production. Consequently, pyruvate treatment of PD-L2KO mice partially restores IL-10 production and airway tolerance. Together, our study highlights the importance of the PD-1/PD-L2 axis in the control of metabolic pathways regulating pTreg Foxp3 stability and suppressive functions, opening up avenues to further improve mucosal immunotherapy.
cell2mol: encoding chemistry to interpret crystallographic data
Authors: Vela Sergi , Laplaza Ruben , Cho Yuri , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: August 2022

The creation and maintenance of crystallographic data repositories is one of the greatest data-related achievements in chemistry. Platforms such as the Cambridge Structural Database host what is likely the most diverse collection of synthesizable molecules. If properly mined, they could be the basis for the large-scale exploration of new regions of the chemical space using quantum chemistry (QC). Yet, it is currently challenging to retrieve all the necessary information for QC codes based exclusively on the available structural data, especially for transition metal complexes. To overcome this limitation, we present cell2mol, a software that interprets crystallographic data and retrieves the connectivity and total charge of molecules, including the oxidation state (OS) of metal atoms. We demonstrate that cell2mol outperforms other popular methods at assigning the metal OS, while offering a comprehensive interpretation of the unit cell. The code is made available, as well as reliable QC-ready databases totaling 31k transition metal complexes and 13k ligands that contain incomparable chemical diversity.
A 6-month longitudinal study on worsening of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shalash Ali , Helmy Asmaa , Salama Mohamed , Gaber Ahmed , El-Belkimy Mahmoud , Hamid Eman
Published: August 2022

Further studies are required to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. This study investigated the motor and non-motor progression of people with PD (PWP) at 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that during the pre-pandemic period. Patients were recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, in the period between April 2019 and December 2020. Fifty patients were included, of whom 17 and 33 patients were followed for 6 months before and during the pandemic, respectively. All patients were assessed at baseline and at 6 months using the MDS-UPDRS, Schwab and England scale (S&E), Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Both groups were matched in age, gender, and disease characteristics. Patients followed during the pandemic showed more significant worsening of the total, part I and motor part of MDS-UPDRS, and balance scores (p < 0.001) than those followed during the pre-COVID-19 period. Gait (TUG), balance, and physical activity worsening were significantly correlated with baseline BDI, gait and balance scores, total and part I MDS-UPDRS scores, H&Y, and S&E OFF scores. Gait deterioration (TUG) was correlated with baseline physical activity (r = −0.510,p = 0.002). PWP showed worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic at the 6-month follow-up. Worsening of gait, balance, and physical activity was correlated with baseline motor and physical activity OFF scores.
Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano
Authors: Smittarello D. , Smets B. , Barrière J. , Michellier C. , Oth A. , Shreve T. , Grandin R. , Theys N. , Brenot H. , Cayol V. , Allard P. , Caudron C. , Chevrel O. , Darchambeau F. , de Buyl P. , Delhaye L. , Derauw D. , Ganci G. , Geirsson H. , Kamate Kaleghetso E. , Kambale Makundi J. , Kambale Nguomoja I. , Kasereka Mahinda C. , Kervyn M. , Kimanuka Ruriho C. , Le Mével H. , Molendijk S. , Namur O. , Poppe S. , Schmid M. , Subira J. , Wauthier C. , Yalire M. , d’Oreye N. , Kervyn F. , Syavulisembo Muhindo A.
Published: August 2022

Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface1. Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected and interpreted as eruption precursors1–3. On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing an approximately six-hour-long flank eruption without apparent precursors, followed—rather than preceded—by lateral magma motion into the crust. Here we show that this reversed sequence was most likely initiated by a rupture of the edifice, producing deadly lava flows and triggering a voluminous 25-km-long dyke intrusion. The dyke propagated southwards at very shallow depth (less than 500 m) underneath the cities of Goma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda), as well as Lake Kivu. This volcanic crisis raises new questions about the mechanisms controlling such eruptions and the possibility of facing substantially more hazardous events, such as effusions within densely urbanized areas, phreato-magmatism or a limnic eruption from the gas-rich Lake Kivu. It also more generally highlights the challenges faced with open-vent volcanoes for monitoring, early detection and risk management when a significant volume of magma is stored close to the surface.
Dysregulated naive B cells and de novo autoreactivity in severe COVID-19
Authors: Woodruff Matthew C. , Ramonell Richard P. , Haddad Natalie S. , Anam Fabliha A. , Rudolph Mark E. , Walker Tiffany A. , Truong Alexander D. , Dixit Adviteeya N. , Han Jenny E. , Cabrera-Mora Monica , Runnstrom Martin C. , Bugrovsky Regina , Hom Jennifer , Connolly Erin C. , Albizua Igor , Javia Vidhi , Cashman Kevin S. , Nguyen Doan C. , Kyu Shuya , Singh Saini Ankur , Piazza Michael , Tipton Christopher M. , Khosroshahi Arezou , Gibson Greg , Martin Greg S. , Maier Cheryl L. , Esper Annette , Jenks Scott A. , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Sanz Ignacio
Published: August 2022

Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection1 has been associated with highly inflammatory immune activation since the earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic2–5. More recently, these responses have been associated with the emergence of self-reactive antibodies with pathologic potential6–10, although their origins and resolution have remained unclear11. Previously, we and others have identified extrafollicular B cell activation, a pathway associated with the formation of new autoreactive antibodies in chronic autoimmunity12,13, as a dominant feature of severe and critical COVID-19 (refs. 14–18). Here, using single-cell B cell repertoire analysis of patients with mild and severe disease, we identify the expansion of a naive-derived, low-mutation IgG1 population of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) reflecting features of low selective pressure. These features correlate with progressive, broad, clinically relevant autoreactivity, particularly directed against nuclear antigens and carbamylated proteins, emerging 10–15 days after the onset of symptoms. Detailed analysis of the low-selection compartment shows a high frequency of clonotypes specific for both SARS-CoV-2 and autoantigens, including pathogenic autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. We further identify the contraction of this pathway on recovery, re-establishment of tolerance standards and concomitant loss of acute-derived ASCs irrespective of antigen specificity. However, serological autoreactivity persists in a subset of patients with postacute sequelae, raising important questions as to the contribution of emerging autoreactivity to continuing symptomology on recovery. In summary, this study demonstrates the origins, breadth and resolution of autoreactivity in severe COVID-19, with implications for early intervention and the treatment of patients with post-COVID sequelae.
Emerging investigator series: ozone uptake by urban road dust and first evidence for chlorine activation during ozone uptake by agro-based anti-icer: implications for wintertime air quality in high-latitude urban environments
Authors: Abou-Ghanem Maya , Nodeh-Farahani Danial , McGrath Devon T. , VandenBoer Trevor C. , Styler Sarah A.
Published: August 2022

In this study, we report the heterogeneous chemistry of ozone with urban road dust and anti-icer. We present a novel pathway for chlorine activation during ozone uptake by anti-icer and discuss its potential air quality impacts in cold-climate urban regions.
Electrochemiluminescent enantioselective detection with chiral-imprinted mesoporous metal surfaces
Authors: Butcha Sopon , Yu Jing , Pasom Zikkawas , Goudeau Bertrand , Wattanakit Chularat , Sojic Neso , Kuhn Alexander
Published: August 2022

A versatile concept for the opto-electrochemical readout of molecular chiral information is proposed, based on the synergy between chiral-imprinted mesoporous metal electrodes and stereoselective electrochemiluminescence.
Visible-light-promoted iron-catalyzed C–H functionalization of 1,4-naphthoquinones via oxidative coupling with sulfoximines
Authors: Sharma Alpa , Kour Harpreet , Kour Jaspreet , Kamal  , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: August 2022

A catalytic oxidative addition of sulfoximines to naphthoquinones via C–H functionalization has been achieved using an iron catalytic system, which exhibits good reactivity and high regioselectivity in the presence of visible light.
Polyelectrolyte/surfactant films: from 2D to 3D structural control
Authors: Carrascosa-Tejedor Javier , Santamaria Andreas , Tummino Andrea , Varga Imre , Efstratiou Marina , Lawrence M. Jayne , Maestro Armando , Campbell Richard A.
Published: August 2022

Reversible control of the 3D structure of polyelectrolyte/surfactant films at the air/water interface is showcased.
Dramatic emission enhancement of aggregation-induced emission luminogens by dynamic metal coordination bonds and the anti-heavy-atom effect
Authors: Cai Xuting , Xiong Zuping , Zhan Jiale , Ping Xinni , Zhu Yuqing , Zuo Jiaqi , Feng Hui , Qian Zhaosheng
Published: August 2022

Dynamic metal coordination bond is used to intensify the restriction of intramolecular motions and to dramatically enhance the emission efficiencies of AIEgens, and the anti-heavy-atom effect is equally applicable to metal-AIEgen complexes.
The DFT Approach to predict 13C NMR chemical shifts of hydrocarbon species adsorbed on Zn-modified zeolites
Authors: Kolganov Alexander A. , Gabrienko Anton A. , Stepanov Alexander G.
Published: August 2022

The methodology for chemical shift, δ(13C), calculations for the intermediates and adsorbed species on zeolite catalysts has been proposed.
Formate complexes of tri- and tetravalent titanium supported by a tris(phenolato)amine ligand
Authors: Okumura Akira , Ghana Priyabrata , Fink Fabian , Schmidt Regina , Hoffmann Alexander , Spaniol Thomas P. , Herres-Pawlis Sonja , Okuda Jun
Published: August 2022

Titanium(iii) and titanium(iv) formate complexes supported by the sterically encumbering tris(phenolato)amine ligand (H3(O3N) = tris(4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine) are described.
Kinetics and mechanism of sequential ring methyl C–H activation in cyclopentadienyl rhodium(iii) complexes
Authors: Sink Alexandra , Banerjee Samya , Wolny Juliusz A. , Imberti Cinzia , Lant Edward C. , Walker Marc , Schünemann Volker , Sadler Peter J.
Published: August 2022

The roles of hydrolysis, concerted proton transfer, and methanol in ring methyl C–H activation via a Rh(i)–fulvene intermediate are elucidated.
Low-temperature ALD/MLD growth of alucone and zincone thin films from non-pyrophoric precursors
Authors: Philip Anish , Mai Lukas , Ghiyasi Ramin , Devi Anjana , Karppinen Maarit
Published: August 2022

Novel atomic/molecular layer (ALD/MLD) deposition process for alucone and zincone thin films based on non-pyrophoric precursors are reported.
A mild and efficient oxidative degradation system of epoxy thermosets: full recovery and degradation mechanism
Authors: Long Yuwei , Tian Fei , Bai Lan , An Wenli , Zhao Xu , Du Rongcheng , Liu Xuehui , Zhou Xuelian , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: August 2022

An efficient oxidation degradation is achieved together with full recovery of the degradation product via the selective cleavage of the C–C and C–O bonds in the hydroxyethyl ether unit, and the C–N bonds using the ammonium ceric nitrate system.
A similarity scaling approach for organ-on-chip devices
Authors: Feng James J. , Hedtrich Sarah
Published: August 2022

We propose similarity scaling as a novel and universally applicable scaling approach for organ-on-chip platforms. It will ensure high predictivity of on-chip models for human physiology and pathology, and improve their clinical translations.
Electrospun nanofibers for 3-D cancer models, diagnostics, and therapy
Authors: Erickson Ariane , Chiarelli Peter A. , Huang Jianxi , Levengood Sheeny Lan , Zhang Miqin
Published: August 2022

The applications of electrospun nanofiber in cancer research, including cancer models, drug delivery, and cancer diagnostics, are reviewed. The current barriers to and the outlook for clinical translation of these applications are discussed.
Edges in bilayered h-BN: insights into the atomic structure
Authors: Erohin Sergey V. , Sorokin Pavel B.
Published: August 2022

This work is devoted to the study of the edges of bilayered h-BN, whose atomic structure was previously generally unknown.
Supramolecular co-assembly of water-soluble nucleobase-containing copolymers: bioinspired synthetic platforms towards new biomimetic materials
Authors: Arsenie Laura Vasilica , Semsarilar Mona , Brendel Johannes C. , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , Ladmiral Vincent , Catrouillet Sylvain
Published: August 2022

This study presents the development of co-assembled copolymer architectures at physiological pH (pH 7.4) formed via H-bonds between complementary nucleobase-containing copolymers.
Degradable thioester core-crosslinked star-shaped polymers
Authors: Laurel Matthew , MacKinnon Daniel , Becker Jonas , Terracciano Roberto , Drain Ben , Houck Hannes A. , Becer C. Remzi
Published: August 2022

Degradable polymers are considered to present a promising solution to combat plastic pollution.
Geometric requirements for living anionic polymerization: polymerization of rotationally constrained 1,3-dienes
Authors: Barent Ramona D. , Wagner Manfred , Frey Holger
Published: August 2022

1,3-Dienes with prescribed cisoid geometry are capable of homo- and copolymerization with isoprene, whereas a transoid geometry prevents coordination with both double bonds, and hence no polymerization in cyclohexane occurs.
Visible light-induced phosphine-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of indoles
Authors: Gao Xiuhui , Pan Xuling , Wang Peiyi , Jin Zhichao
Published: August 2022

A photo-induced, catalytic PPh3-promoted perfluoroalkylation reaction of indole molecules is developed to give perfluoroalkylated products in moderate to excellent yields, of which 13 F-containing indoles exhibited good antibacterial activities.
Distinct core glycan and O-glycoform utilization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant Spike protein RBD revealed by top-down mass spectrometry
Authors: Roberts David S. , Mann Morgan , Li Brad H. , Kim Donguk , Braiser Allan R. , Jin Song , Ge Ying
Published: August 2022

Top-down mass spectrometry reveals O-glycoform structural changes in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Resolving the mutations and post-translational alterations can inform strategies for designing variant-directed diagnostics and therapeutics.
Decoded fingerprints of hyperresponsive, expanding product space: polyether cascade cyclizations as tools to elucidate supramolecular catalysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Tian-Ren , Sakai Naomi , Besnard Celine , Guénée Laure , Pupier Marion , Viger-Gravel Jasmine , Tiefenbacher Konrad , Matile Stefan
Published: August 2022

Hyperresponsive XL product space identifies polyether cascade fingerprinting as an attractive tool to elucidate supramolecular catalysis, including pnictogen-bonding, capsule and anion–π catalysts.
Producing shape-engineered alginate particles using viscoplastic fluids
Authors: Asadi Sima , Nelson Arif Z. , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: August 2022

We report a new method that leverages the yield stress property of viscoplastic fluids and combines it with the gel-forming capacity of sodium alginate to produce shape-engineered alginate particles. The image displays non-spherical alginate particles.
The role of adsorbed hydroxide reduction in hydrogen evolution and nitrogen reduction reactions in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Hu Min , Li Huirong , Chu Binhua , Huang Yan , Jia Chuanyi , Zhuo Zhiwen , Luo Yi , Jiang Jun
Published: August 2022

*OH reduction plays a critical role in the electrocatalytic activity of HER/NRR in aqueous solution.
Assessing Shared Reading in Families at Risk: Does Quantity Predict Quality?
Authors: O'Fallon Maura K. , Alper Rebecca M. , Beiting Molly , Luo Rufan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Quantity and quality of early at-home reading shape literacy outcomes. At-home reading frequency is a common outcome measure in interventions. This single measure may not fully capture the quality of early reading interactions, such as parent and child references to print, an important contributor to language and literacy outcomes. This study aims to evaluate if and how reported reading frequency and duration are associated with parent and child print referencing, controlling for perceived parenting self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex.

Method:

This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data from a treatment study with parents (
N
= 30) and children (1;1–2;3 [years;months]) from underresourced households. Parents reported weekly reading episode frequency and duration (in minutes). We coded parent–child book-sharing interactions to quantify use of print references.

Results:

Negative binomial regression modeling suggested that parents who reported more weekly reading episodes tended to use more print references during interactions. However, reported reading time in minutes was not significantly associated with parents' print referencing. Parents' print references were also associated with perceived self-efficacy, developmental knowledge, and child sex. In our sample, parents used more print references with male children. Neither reading frequency nor reading time was associated with increased print referencing from children.

Conclusions:

Duration of reading did not positively predict children's use of print references. However, weekly reading frequency positively predicted parents' use of print references. Parent perceived self-efficacy and knowledge may predict early interaction quality similarly to quantity of reading.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20669094
A Tutorial Review on Clinical Acoustic Markers in Speech Science
Authors: Schultz Benjamin Glenn , Vogel Adam P.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The human voice changes with the progression of neurological disease and the onset of diseases that affect articulators, often decreasing the effectiveness of communication. These changes can be objectively measured using signal processing techniques that extract acoustic features. When measuring acoustic features, there are often several steps and assumptions that might be known to experts in acoustics and phonetics, but are less transparent for other disciplines (e.g., clinical medicine, speech pathology, engineering, and data science). This tutorial describes these signal processing techniques, explicitly outlines the underlying steps for accurate measurement, and discusses the implications of clinical acoustic markers.

Conclusions:

We establish a vocabulary using straightforward terms, provide visualizations to achieve common ground, and guide understanding for those outside the domains of acoustics and auditory signal processing. Where possible, we highlight the best practices for measuring clinical acoustic markers and suggest resources for obtaining and further understanding these measures.
Intelligent reflecting surface‐aided network planning
Authors: Tseng Fan‐Hsun , Liang Yu‐Shan , Ti Yen‐Wu , Yu Chia‐Mu
Published: August 2022

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) composed of a large number of low‐cost, phase‐adjustable passive reflecting elements, which is an attractive solution of overcoming the signal attenuation and interference. IRS can be used as a low‐power passive system with signal enhancement and interference suppression. However, the planning problem of a large‐scale network contains a great numbers of base stations (BSs) and IRSs is challenging. The network planning problem considers limited deployment cost and signal enhancement at the same time is vital. Here, the 6G wireless signal coverage (WSC) problem with the consideration of both BS and IRS is considered. More specifically, the 6G WSC problem is first formulated through the integer linear programming. Due to its obvious NP‐hardness, two efficient heuristic algorithms that can reach a near‐optimal solution, that is, the WSC algorithm and the tree‐based WSC (TBWSC) algorithm is then proposed. Simulation‐based results showed that the proposed WSC algorithm achieves lower total cost than that of the TBWSC algorithm but also results in lower signal quality. The proposed TBWSC algorithm obtains the planning result with the highest signal quality and slightly higher total cost. Both proposed algorithms can find better planning results of multiple BSs and IRSs for 6G wireless communications.
Dynamic switching event‐triggered secondary frequency control of isolated microgrid with communication delay
Authors: Yu Yongjin , Sun Guoqiang , Zhang Yumin
Published: August 2022

The popularity of renewable energy distributed generation has increased for environmental and convenient concerns. However, the occurrence of the above situation will cause the communication resources of the microgrid to be rapidly consumed to maintain the frequency stability of the system. In this work, a novel event‐triggered scheme is developed to ameliorate the present communication networks of island microgrid with communication delay. Combining the newly constructed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the convex combinatorial method, the asymptotic stability of a typical microgrid is demonstrated. Moreover, taking dynamic switching system into account, the two‐part proof is completed independently. Then, a positive inter‐execution time lower bound is implemented to guarantee that there is no Zeno behaviour. Finally, the numerical simulation results are compared with other sampling methods in different scenarios. It indicates that the proposed scheme is superior to other types of scheme in frequency response performance and communication burden.
High‐efficient optimisation method of antenna array radiation pattern synthesis based on multi‐layer perceptron network
Authors: Zhang Shiyuan , Huang Da , Niu Baojun , Bai Ming
Published: August 2022

With the increasing complexity of the application environment of antenna arrays and the increasing requirements for antenna array radiation patterns, efficient optimisation methods of antenna array radiation pattern synthesis have always been the challenges of the research. This paper proposes a method of utilising a multi‐layer perceptron network to optimise the radiation patterns of antenna array. The optimisation requirements of the antenna array radiation pattern are described by defining the objective mask function, which is designed to shape the target radiation pattern by desired features. Simulation experiments have been designed with a variety of antenna array layouts, of which the radiation patterns with different requirements were successfully synthesised and optimised. The results show that the proposed method has high efficiency and satisfactory optimisation effect in dealing with the problem of complex radiation pattern requirements.
Sampled‐data‐based H∞ load frequency control for power systems with wind power
Authors: Qin Shi‐Gang , Liu De‐Shun , Lian Hong‐Hai
Published: August 2022

Load disturbances, the intermittent generation of wind power, and the uncertainty of sampling period will significantly affect the frequency stability of power system. This paper presents a sampled‐data‐based load frequency control (LFC) scheme for power systems with wind power (PSWPs), which aims to guarantee the stable operation of the systems under a sampling period as large as possible while retaining the desired robust performance. First, by considering the feature that power system plant operates in continuous‐time domain and LFC controller operates in discrete‐time domain, the closed‐loop PSWPs installed with a PI‐type LFC controller is modeled as sampled‐data control system with aperiodic samplings. Second, by utilizing an augmented two‐side looped Lyapunov functional and the linear matrix inequality (LMI), two sampling‐interval‐dependent stability criteria with less conservatism are derived for the studied systems, which guarantee that the presented LFC scheme operates in a large sampling period. Then, based on proposed stability condition, a sampled‐data‐based PI‐type LFC controller with the consideration of sampling period and performance index is obtained. Following this, an algorithm is given to obtain the gain of sampled‐data‐based PI‐type LFC controller and the admissible maximum sampling period while preserving the desired robust performance. Finally, case studies are carried out on the one‐area power system and three‐area PSWPs. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented LFC scheme, and robustness against load disturbances, wind power fluctuations and sampling period. It also shows that the designed LFC scheme can tolerate a larger sampling period while preserving the desired  performance.
Numerical Simulation Of Thermal Pressure Ventilation In Building Atrial: A Case Study
Authors: Wei Tong , Shen Cong , Han Chengyu , Luo Xilian , Gu Zhaolin
Published: August 2022

Over one-third of China’s total energy usage can be attributed to buildings, of which 50% is consumed by HVAC systems. Natural ventilation is an effective approach to increase the quality of indoor air and maintain a comfortable temperature. In order to provide a higher ventilation rate, a stack ventilation system with an auxiliary heat source of solar energy was proposed in this research. Taking the main building of the School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, as an example, the ventilation efficiency of the system was evaluated by using the software of Fluent. The results show that using a stack ventilation system with an auxiliary heat source of solar energy in the lower part of the chimney increases the ventilation capacity by 738% over the unheated case and reduces the average room temperature by 1.7°C compared to the unheated. The proposed system could be orientated to improve natural ventilation for public buildings.
Plenum airflow distribution and its influence on the performance of a diffuse ceiling ventilation
Authors: Kabanshi Alan , Linden Elisabet , Ogbuagu Too-Chukwu C. , MacCutcheon Douglas , Persson Torbjorn
Published: August 2022

Implementation of diffuse ceiling ventilation (DCV) is slowly gaining momentum and applications in building ventilation have taken off with countries like Denmark, Finland and Netherlands taking the lead in Europe. However, DCV is yet to gain a foothold in Sweden and so not many installations are known, and their performance in relation to Swedish building practice is not yet established. A school in southern Sweden was subsequently renovated and two classrooms were equipped with a sound-absorbent suspended ceiling compatible with DCV. DCV has possible benefits for educational environments including improved thermal comfort as well as lower costs and noise levels. However, it is currently still unknown how supply conditions in the plenum affect the diffusion of air and resulting conditions within the room. To assess airflow characteristics and whether these influence flow conditions in the classroom, we investigated and compared the performance of DCV with two different supply conditions in the plenum. Air speeds and temperature distribution measurements in the plenum and classroom were performed with constant temperature anemometers and thermocouples respectively. The general observation from this study and the system setup herein is that airflow and temperature characteristics in the classroom were independent of the airflow conditions in the plenum. Further investigations in a controlled climate chamber are recommended to investigate and optimise system performance in accordance with Swedish building practice.
Comparison of Indoor Air Distribution in a Ceiling Cooling Room with Different Mechanical Ventilation Systems
Authors: Gao Hao , Zhao Mingming , Gao Jie , Wu Xiaozhou
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an experimental study concerning the influence of ventilation system type on indoor air distribution in a ceiling cooling (CC) room with mixing ventilation (MV), underfloor air distribution (UFAD) and stratum ventilation (SV) when the internal or external cooling load was increased from 41.5 W/m2to 69.5 W/m2. The distributions of indoor air temperature, air velocity and contaminant concentration were measured and evaluated by the vertical air temperature difference, turbulence intensity and contaminant removal effectiveness, respectively. The results show that when the ceiling surface temperature increased from 17.0°C to 26.0°C, the vertical air temperature differences, turbulence intensities and contaminant removal effectiveness were 0.2°C-0.4°C, 27%-34% and 0.53-0.85 with CC+MV, 0.2°C-1.2°C, 27%-43% and 0.68-1.25 with CC+UFAD and 0.3°C-0.9°C, 24%-40% and 0.5-0.83 with CC+SV. The CC+MV had the most uniform distributions of indoor air temperature and velocity, whereas the CC+UFAD had the most non-uniform distribution of indoor contaminant concentration.
Study on fresh air load characteristics and energy saving measures of low energy consumption buildings in severe cold area
Authors: Zhang Dongxu , Huang Kailiang , Feng Guohui , Lv Xue , Xu Jintian
Published: August 2022

In order to study the fresh air load characteristics of low energy consumption buildings with different envelope structure parameters, combined with the law of fresh air load, energy saving measures were studied. Taking the ultra-low energy consumption building of Shenyang Jianzhu University as an example, the DeST simulation software was used to establish five groups of models with different envelope structure parameters for load simulation. The simulation results show that the fresh air heat load in model 1 to model 5 is 29.89%, 34.66%, 38.60%, 44.68% and 53.36% of the building heat load, respectively. The seasonal fresh air cooling load of air conditioning accounted for 13.78%, 13.85%, 13.88%, 13.99% and 14.05% of the building cooling load respectively. The thermal insulation performance of the envelope has great influence on the thermal load of the building, but little influence on the cooling load of the building. The better the insulation performance of building envelope, the greater the energy saving potential of fresh air load. Fresh air heat load is sensible heat load, and fresh air cooling load is mainly latent cooling load. From the theoretical point of view, the building adopts a heat recovery device with a heat recovery efficiency of 0.6, which can save 5989.91kW • h in the heating season and reduce the building heat load by 32.02%. In the air conditioning season sensible heat recovery device can save energy 131.45kW • h, reduce building cooling load by 1.56%; Total heat recovery device can save energy of 708.73kW • h and reduce cooling load of building by 8.43%.With the development of zero-energy building technology, the requirement of fresh air energy consumption is more strict, and the active all-heat fresh air heat recovery device is more suitable for this building. It also has more space for future development. This paper analyzes the change of energy saving potential of fresh air with the development of building envelope. The methods and ideas of reducing energy consumption of fresh air in low energy consumption buildings are discussed.
A Review of Phase Change Materials
Authors: Feng Guohui , Wang Tianyu , He Na , Wang Gang
Published: August 2022

Phase change materials (PCMs) use latent heat of phase change to store heat, which has the advantages of high energy storage density and low-temperature fluctuation. And it can be applied to many fields such as the building envelope and the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The PCM is a kind of energy storage material with great potential, which positively impacts energy conservation and indoor environment improvement. In this paper, the relevant research on PCMs in recent years is reviewed, three common classification methods of PCMs are summarized, and the phase change temperature range is re-divided. The temperature of PCMs is less than 80°C for low-temperature PCMs, between 80°C and 200°C for medium-temperature PCMs, and above 200°C for high-temperature PCMs. Then, the characteristics and thermal properties of some commonly used PCMs are listed, including organic PCMs, inorganic PCMs, and some composite phase change materials (CPCMs). By summarizing the thermal properties of PCMs, it can provide a reference for the selection of PCMs. Finally, the article also introduces several kinds of preparation methods for CPCMs. The solutions to the problems of low thermal conductivity, supercooling, phase separation, and leakage of PCMs are discussed. And the future research topics of PCMs are prospected.
Study on vent spacing of multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation for reducing contaminant diffusion
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Zhang Weirong , Zhang Weijia
Published: August 2022

Infectious respiratory diseases are known to have high levels of airborne transmissibility. However, traditional ventilation methods based on perfect mixing often lead to the diffusion of airborne pathogens. Multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation (MAV) is a ventilation method designed to meet the needs of different indoor scenes and reduce air mixing. MAV combines multiple groups of multi-vent modules. The vent spacing of a single module is also an important factor, but the influence of the change of vent spacing on the effect of MAV in contaminant diffusion control has not been studied. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is applied to study the influence of air vent spacing of a single MAV module on contaminant diffusion control in a simple office. Three different vent spacing of 1.5m, 2.0m and 2.5m and four vent layout modes is selected. The results show that when the vent distance is 2.0m, the MAV system has the best control effect on contaminant diffusion. Up to 61.5% of the contaminants are limited in the control area.
Wind tunnel modeling experiments on airflow characteristics of underground metro station with sunken squares
Authors: Zhao Jianjian , Liu Jing , Gao Hu , Wang Zhen , Dong Jiankai , Jiang Chongxu , Na Yanling
Published: August 2022

Building airflow characteristics can affect the indoor air environment, thereby affecting indoor air quality and building energy consumption. In recent years, the sunken square has increasingly designed and applied to underground transportation hub systems, because of their special advantages, such as improving the ventilation and lighting of the underground space, blurring the feeling of the ground and underground and improving the quality of the space. However, at present, there are few systematic and comprehensive researches on the airflow characteristics of the sunken squares to the underground metro station. In this study, the wind tunnel modeling experiment and the particle image velocity (PIV) technology are comprehensively used to study the influence of the sunken square on the airflow characteristics of the underground metro station, the influence of the sunken square on the flow field distribution and air exchange rate of underground metro station are obtained. The dimensionless average wind velocity at the large openings of the sunken square is 0.053-0.18, and the air exchange rate of the underground metro station is changed with the number and the relative positions of sunken squares. Conclusions of this research could provide useful reference to the design of airflow characteristics for underground buildings.
Study of the effectiveness of water mist curtain in blocking fire-induced smoke in tunnel by means of CFD simulations
Authors: Sun Jiayun , Xu Hang , Shi Dunke , Zheng Fang , Zhao Fuyun
Published: August 2022

Tunnel fire smoke control is an important issue in the area of tunnel fire safety. Inspired by fire compartmentation in buildings, it is worth investigating whether a tunnel can be partitioned by a water mist system into a fire zone and safety zones. If so, people can move from the fire zone into a safe zone through the water mist system. Obviously, an essential question is to examine to what extent the fire-induced heat and smoke can be blocked by the water mist system. Thus, in present paper, CFD simulations were conducted to investigated the effectiveness of water mist systems on blocking fire-induced heat and smoke in a full-scale tunnel. We mainly focus on the impact of nozzle combination on smoke blocking effect. Simulation results show that the entrainment caused by the water mist system plays the main role on blocking fire-induced smoke, and the nozzle combination has small impact on heat blocking effect. Based on the momentum balance of the water mist system and ceiling jet smoke flow, a correlation of total water flow rate of the water mist system and fire heat release rate was proposed.