bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pozycja ustrojowa prezydentów Polski i Rosji
Authors: Dziemidok-Olszewska Bożena
Published: January 2020

Celem artykułu jest porównanie pozycji prezydentów Polski i Rosji przyjętych w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 1997 roku i Konstytucji Rosji z 1993 roku. Aby umożliwić komparatystykę, podzielono instytucję prezydenta na podstawowe elementy. Przyjęto założenie, że najważniejszymi elementami pozycji ustrojowej prezydenta jest: system rządów i podział władzy, sposób wyboru prezydenta, funkcje i kompetencje, zakres i rodzaj ponoszonej odpowiedzialności. Tak też podzielona została struktura publikacji. Przedstawione wyniki badań pokazują, że najistotniejszymi, różnicującymi elementami jest system rządów oraz funkcje i kompetencje prezydenta. Te właśnie czynniki decydują o silnej, wzmocnionej – w porównaniu z innymi – prezydenturze w Rosji. Część konstytucyjnych rozwiązań, na przykład sposób wyboru czy odpowiedzialność, można uznać za podobne.
Архитектура принятия политических решений в современной России в контексте президентской вертикали власти Владимира Путина
Authors: Sosunov Denis
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia główne cechy architektury podejmowania decyzji politycznych we współczesnej Rosji w kontekście prezydenckiego pionu władzy W. Putina z punktu widzenia możliwych podejść metodologicznych do ich analizy i badań. Uwzględniono polityczną i psychologiczną charakterystykę stylu decyzyjnego Prezydenta Federacji Rosyjskiej jako podmiotu dominującego w procesie kształtowania programu politycznego i jego głównych trendów rozwojowych. Analizowane są nietradycyjne narzędzia oddziaływania na mechanizm transformacji agendy w Internecie. W szczególności technologie crowdsourcingu, praktyka tworzenia petycji i blogosfery.
Политическое лидерство В. Путина: механизмы легитимации и риски утраты доверия
Authors: Zyuzina Elena
Published: January 2020

Artykuł omawia teoretyczne i metodologiczne aspekty badania zjawiska „legitymizacji przywódcy politycznego”, pokazuje mechanizmy legitymizacji władzy prezydenckiej we współczesnej Rosji, identyfikuje czynniki wpływające na ocenę prezydenta i poziom poparcia ludności, analizuje cechy postrzegania prezydenta przez masową świadomość Rosjan.
A STUDY ON THE INVESTIGATION OF IMPROVEMENT IN COAL LIQUEFACTION PRODUCT EFFICIENCY
Authors: AKSOĞAN KORKMAZ Aydan , BENTLİ İsmail
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to improvement the yields of
Malatya-Arguvan lignite liquefaction products (char, preasphaltene, asphaltene,
oil-gas). For this purpose, the liquefaction experiments of coal which firstly
raw and then enriched by spiral have been carried out. The chemical
characterizations of the obtained products were determined by proximate and
ultimate analysis. The composition of the oil was identified by GC-MS. As a
result of the enrichment, the char yield decreased by 9.28% whereas the preasphaltene yield increased by 5.31%
and the oil + gas yield increased by 4.18%. Total conversion increased
from 47.57% to 56.85%. It has been concluded that the enrichment process has a
positive effect on the liquefaction yields.
EVALUATION OF RIGID BODY SLIDING ANALYSIS FOR MODULAR STEEL STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADING
Authors: ERKMEN Bülent , BALCI Bilal
Published: December 2019

Blast resistant modular steel (BRMS) buildings
are prefabricated cost-effective and explosion-proof structures used to shelter
personal near hazardous-material handling or storage facilities, in facilities
handling high-pressure processes, and within designed blast zones in mining,
petrochemical, and military industries. Typically, BRMS buildings are designed
to be fixed (anchored) to their foundation. However, this design approach can
result in very large anchorage and foundation reactions, which result in very
large and high-cost foundations. Therefore, an alternative foundation approach
which minimize foundation reactions and known as unanchored or free-to-slide
foundation has recently attracted much attention for BRMS buildings. In this
study, dynamic behavior of a typical BRMS building under blast loading with
unanchored foundation was determined using 3D nonlinear dynamic finite element
and a simplified numerical analysis method. The developed numerical analysis
method is based on nonlinear numerical integration scheme, and it was verified
using the finite element results. Applicability of the proposed numerical
analysis method was evaluated using finite element results for a typical
unachored BRMS building subjected to blast loads. Several values of coefficient
of friction between the foundation and BRMS building were considered. The
computed building sliding, horizontal velocity, acceleration, and horizontal
foundation reaction histories were used to evaluate applicability of the
proposed numerical method. The overall results show that the proposed simple
numerical analysis method based on rigid-body dynamics is suitable to predict
building sliding and sliding velocity, but unconservative in terms of
foundation vertical reaction and horizontal acceleration.
MODIFICATION OF CLEMENTS’ METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE CAPABILITY OF A NON-NORMAL PROCESS WITH AN APPLICATION
Authors: AYTAÇOĞLU Burcu , GENÇ Cemil Giray
Published: December 2019

In many industries process capability
studies are conducted in order to determine the capability of the process to
produce acceptable products and it is one of the important activities of
statistical process control. In order to express the capability of a process,
process capability indices are frequently used. However, they are usually
computed under the assumption that the process data follow a normal
distribution. Normality assumption may be violated and the use of these
traditional capability indices may cause misleading interpretation about the
capability of the process. One of the most widely discussed methods to handle
non-normality is Clements’ method which was proposed in 1989. Clements’ method
uses the Pearson family of curves for calculating capability indices for any
shape of distribution. It requires the estimation of the mean, standard
deviation, skewness and kurtosis and makes use of the classical estimators of
skewness and kurtosis. In this study, we discussed the use of more robust
estimators of skewness and kurtosis in the calculation of process capability
index by Clements’ method. For this purpose, capability indices with the use of
these robust estimators are computed by simulation and the mean square errors
of them are reported. The comparison is done through simulating Weibull and
lognormal data with several different parameter values. Finally, a real life
application to oil pump manufacturing in automotive industry is presented.
OPTIMIZATION AND DECISION MAKING STAGES FOR ANALYSIS OF DUAL RESPONSE PROBLEM: MEDIAN-MAD, NSGA-II, TOPSIS
Authors: TÜRKŞEN Özlem , KOCATÜRK Ahmet , KARAKOÇ Gözde
Published: December 2019

The
purpose of this study is to obtain a proper set of input variables for
replicated response measured data set by applying dual response strategy in
robust framework with multi-objective perspective. The replicated response
measures were transformed to dual response by using robust statistics, median (MED) and median absolute deviation (MAD), instead of mean-standard deviation
statistics which were very commonly used in many existing studies. A compromise
solution of proposed robust dual response model was obtained via a
multi-criteria decision making approach since the optimization was achieved in
multi-objective point of view. In this study, well-known two methods, NSGA-II
and TOPSIS, were preferred for optimization and decision making stages,
respectively. Quality of printing ink data set was used an application from the
literature. It is seen from the analysis results that the performance of the
proposed robust dual response model was encouraging with the most satisfactory
input settings.
THE ANALYSES OF THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF ZEOLITES FROM TURKEY USING FT-IR, MAS NMR AND XRD METHODS
Authors: ERDOĞAN ALVER Burcu , DİKMEN Gökhan , ALVER Özgür
Published: December 2019

Upon the heat exposure, natural
zeolites show structural alterations which leads to a possibility to be used
for different purposes in science and industry including building stones,
concrete bricks and ceramic foam etc. The effect of heat treatment at 800oC
with different treatment times of 30, 60, 150 min of  clinoptilolite rich zeolites from Gördes
region of Turkey were investigated by Fourier Transform IR (FT-IR), solid state
magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), and X-ray diffraction
(XRD) spectroscopic methods. The obtained spectroscopic results indicated that
rather than a total collapse, severe structural distortions occur for the
investigated samples.
MICROBIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF TARHANA CHIPS FERMENTED WITH KEFIR
Authors: ŞAHİNGİL Didem
Published: December 2019

In this study, the tarhana samples which fermented with kefir
showed higher antioxidant activity than tarhana samples which fermented with
yogurt (without kefir grains). The control tarhana chips (fermented with
yogurt) samples (0.47±0.51 µmol/g TE) had significantly (P<0.05) lower
antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical
scavenging activity)
than the fermented with kefir (0.67±0.02 µmol/g TE) samples. The ABTS values (0.83±0.28 µmol/ TE gr and 0.71±0.32 µmol/ TE
gr) of extracts were significantly different in YT sample and KT samples
fermented with kefir. The difference in antioxidant activities of traditional
tarhana chips and tarhana with kefir grains was statistically significant (P<0.05). The analysis of total
coliform group bacteria, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total Lactobacillus spp., and yeast-mould
counts were conducted in samples. None of the samples contained coliform
group bacteria. At the end of fermentation, count of Lactobacillus spp. and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria for
traditional tarhana chips and fermented chips with kefir determined 8.47-8.94
log cfu/g and 7.43-7.95 log cfu/g, respectively. Yeast
counts in the samples of chips fermented with kefir
was found 6.89 log cfu/g. As a result, the use of
kefir instead of yogurt in tarhana chips production is highly recommended as a
tarhana type which has the potential to be a highly functional product with a
high nutritional value due to its significant increase in antioxidant
properties and its contribution to protein content.
TESTING THE POPULATION INVERSE-COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: POTAS Nihan , GAMGAM Hamza
Published: December 2019

In this paper, some tests are introduced and compared for testing the equality of inverse-coefficients of variation. Monte-Carlo simulation method is used for comparisons. In this simulation study, various simulation scenarios were designed with different population numbers (k = 3, 6),  sample sizes, parameter values and type I error rates (alpha = 0.01, 0.05). The tests were compared in terms of type I error rate and power in these scenarios. When the sample sizes are small, the D and WT tests showed good results in terms of type I error, but the LR and ST tests did not give good results. As the sample sizes increased, the experimental type I error rates of the LR and ST tests converged to the nominal type I error and all tests showed good results in general. While the sample sizes were equal, it was found that the LR test was the most powerful test and the ST test sometimes yielded good results. For these sample sizes, the D test yielded the worst results. When the sample sizes are different, the LR and D tests are powerful than the other tests, and the ST test is the worst test in terms of power. As expected, as the sample sizes and nominal type I error rate increased, the powers of the tests also increased. In addition, an application for the tests was made on real data. It was seen that the results of this application and simulation study coincide.
International entrepreneurship and Mexican listed family firms’ CEO/Board characteristics
Authors: Watkins-Fassler Karen , Rodríguez-Ariza Lázaro
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence on international entrepreneurship of both Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and board of directors’ traits. It takes into account 52 listed family firms in Mexico (2001-2015), an emerging market where ownership concentration is particularly high. Results obtained from a binary probit model show that family involvement reduces the odds of pursuing foreign endeavors. However, when the CEO has a business administration academic background, the probability of having subsidiaries or branches abroad rises considerably. Finally, there is evidence that the presence of women on boards reduces the odds of international entrepreneurship.
Analysis of dynamics, structures and agent relationships in Regional Innovation Systems
Authors: Uribe-Gómez Julián-Alberto , Giraldo-Ramírez Diana-Patricia , Gallón-Londoño Luciano , Fernandez-Ledesma Javier-Dario , Quintero-Ramírez Santiago
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes the regional innovation system of the department of Antioquia in Colombia, from a complex systems perspective and using an agent-based simulation model. Among the results is a model with significant variables and indicators for generating new knowledge and innovation on a regional scale. This provides evidence that more favorable conditions exist, insofar as a significant number of explorers encourages greater reciprocal actions with other agents in the regional structure. The number of patents and publications being generated will increase significantly and better network clustering becomes evident as a result. Finally, the model explores the dynamics, structures and relationships among agents in the system, paying special attention to the conditions within which innovation processes unfold at a regional level.
Retinoblastoma: Masalah dan hambatan dalam mendiagnosis
Authors: Bakry Mohammad Haikal , Rahmadhany Riana
Published: January 2020

Retinoblastoma adalah keganasan intraokular yang paling sering dialami oleh neonatus dan anak-anak, dengan insidens terjadinya yaitu 1 per 15.000-20.000 kelahiran dan sekitar 3% dari total keganasan yang terjadi pada anak. Diagnosis dan penanganan retinoblastoma yang terlambat terjadi di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia mengakibatkan terjadinya metastasis ekstraokular, kehilangan penglihatan dan kematian. Pada negara-negara berkembang, kira-kira setengah populasi anak yang terdiagnosis retinoblastoma meninggal, diduga karena baru terdiagnosis saat stadium penyakit yang sudah lanjut, sementara hanya 3-4% anak yang terdiagnosis di negara maju (Amerika dan Eropa) meninggal karena lebih awal dalam mendiagnosis dan penatalaksaan yang lebih komprehensif. Retinoblastoma adalah keganasan intraokular yang paling sering dialami oleh neonatus dan anak-anak, dengan insidens terjadinya yaitu 1 per 15.000-20.000 kelahiran dan sekitar 3% dari total keganasan yang terjadi pada anak. Diagnosis dan penanganan retinoblastoma yang terlambat terjadi di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia mengakibatkan terjadinya metastasis ekstraokular, kehilangan penglihatan dan kematian. Pada negara-negara berkembang, kira-kira setengah populasi anak yang terdiagnosis retinoblastoma meninggal, diduga karena baru terdiagnosis saat stadium penyakit yang sudah lanjut, sementara hanya 3-4% anak yang terdiagnosis di negara maju (Amerika dan Eropa) meninggal karena lebih awal dalam mendiagnosis dan penatalaksaan yang lebih komprehensif.Adanya hambatan dalam mendiagnosis secara dini pada negara berkembang dikarenakan belum baiknya sistem asuransi kesehatan, kurangnya komunikasi dan kerjasama pihak- pihak yang terlibat, masih terbatasnya peralatan penunjang diagnosis dan kurang efisiennya sistem rujukan.  Hambatan lain termasuk faktor pendidikan, kultural dan ekonomi.Pemberian penanganan yang optimal pada retinoblastoma adalah suatu hal yang kompleks dan memerlukan sebuah tim yang terdiri dari berbagai macam bidang dan disiplin ilmu. Namun pembentukan tim yang seperti itu tentu saja akan menghadapi berbagai macam tantangan khususnya pada keadaan dan daerah yang memiliki sumber daya yang terbatas.
The Importance of Mental Health Courts for Psychiatry & the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Simmons Alexander
Published: December 2019

Mental health courts are designed to divert mentally ill offenders away from the criminal justice system and into appropriate treatment programs. This commentary highlights the systemic issues that led to the development of mental health courts as a solution. Research has already demonstrated that these courts are associated with numerous positive psychiatric and legal outcomes. However, further research is required to determine what specifically makes them successful, and who is most likely to benefit from them. Mental health courts have earned their place as an essential part of the criminal justice system and are a promising area of future research.
Utilizing the Internet to promote health behaviour change for rural-living young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Price Jenson , Brunet Jennifer
Published: December 2019

Regular physical activity (PA) participation and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption confers numerous health benefits for cancer survivors. Rural-living young adult cancer survivors have reported many barriers to participation in health-promoting behaviours such as the lack of physician/specialist availability, access to PA programming and/or affordable FV, and reliable transportation. Interventions seeking to promote PA participation and FV consumption fail to address many barriers as they are traditionally offered in urban centres. Alternative means for delivering PA and FV behaviour change interventions need to be developed, implemented, and evaluated for this population.
Student-Run Clinic Association: The Next Generation of Health System Collaboration
Authors: Mikhaeil John , Ng Bryan , Durr Michael-Roy , Shah Sparsh , Chiu Edmond
Published: December 2019

The Student-Run Clinic Association (SRCA) is a pan-Canadian effort to develop new student-run clinics and scale the operation of existing clinics. Student-run clinics utilize a multidisciplinary team of health professional students to provide accessible primary care services to vulnerable and marginalized populations under the supervision of qualified and licensed healthcare providers. The SRCA plays an integral role in building the infrastructure necessary for student-run clinics to be sustainable and scalable across the country. The outcome of our initiative is to enhance equitable, high-quality care to underserved populations in Canada, while simultaneously providing future healthcare providers with experience serving this population.
Road Tripping Across North America: A Medical Student’s Perspective
Authors: Whelan Jonathan Robert
Published: December 2019

This explorative report provides an overview of the experiences and insights of a Canadian medical student’s seven-week, solo road trip across the United States and Canada. Examples of travel moments and mishaps are used to provide insight into personal reflections regarding emotional resiliency, healthcare sustainability and therapeutic relationships.
Peer-Led Point-of-Care Ultrasound; A Potential Ally to Rural Medicine
Authors: Khoury Michel , Sethuraman Shankar , Wilson Samuel
Published: December 2019

Objectives

 

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used in rural settings where it’s portability,and imaging capabilities make it effective clinically. POCUS teaching has traditionally relied on faculty instruction, which is limited by the small number of certified faculty members. The UOttawa POCUS interest group deployed peer-teaching since 2018, which overcomes the instructor barrier by employing experienced medical students to train preclerkship students. This paper will evaluate the efficacy of the peer-led POCUS workshops as a learning format.

 

Methods

 

3-hour POCUS workshops were held for Cardiac, MSK, Aorta, and eFAST scans from October 2018 to June 2019. Students with prior experience in POCUS were identified as peer-teachers, and were trained by an expert physician prior to the workshop. Peer-teachers taught a small group, with physician experts rotating through groups for technical support.

Surveys were sent out to students who participated in the workshops assessing the following categories:utility, learning experience,workshop efficacy, tutor competence, and interest. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis was reported for the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

 

Results

 

45 participants completed the survey. The surveys showed positive support for the aforementioned categories, with the average score being greater than 4. From the thematic analysis, the four main strengths of the peer-led format are: Trainer competence, learner comfort, situational teaching, and opportunity to practice. 

 

Conclusion

 

Peer-led workshops are an effective format for POCUS training in instructor-constrained settings. These workshops can be translated to rural settings in lieu of a formal POCUS training program.
Substance Use and Homelessness: An Inner-City Group Discussion on Marginalization in Healthcare Practices
Authors: Hanna Nardin , Burke Breton
Published: December 2019

Ottawa Inner City Health’s Managed Alcohol Program administers alcohol to its patients who are struggling with alcohol dependency. Although it may seem like a paradoxical approach, this program is a harm-reduction strategy intended to help some of the most marginalized peoples in Ottawa. A qualitative discussion group composed of individuals utilizing various substance use support programs in Ottawa comments on various strategies to reduce stigma against inner-city individuals, support illicit drug users, and prevent overdoses. Healthcare professionals are well positioned to ensure these strategies are put to action by advocating for patients with substance use issues and promoting equitable healthcare.
Crescimento de morangueiro submetido a níveis de salinidade e adubação orgânica
Authors: Sousa Geocleber Gomes de , Souza Maria Vanessa Pires de , Guilherme José Marcelo da Silva , Silva Junior Francisco Barroso da , Freitas Ana Gabriela Sousa , Viana Thales Vinicius de Araújo
Published: December 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial do morangueiro irrigado com águas salinas em solo com e sem biofertilizante bovino. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Estação Agrometeorológica, Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, no período de setembro a outubro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado seguindo o esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco repetições. O primeiro tratamento foi constituído pelos níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação, sendo: 0,5 dS m-1; 1,0 dS m-1; 1,5 dS m-1; 2,0 dS m-1 e 2,5 dS m-1, e o segundo tratamento compreendeu duas condições: sem e com biofertilizante bovino. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, comprimento da raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total e condutividade elétrica. A salinidade da água de irrigação afetou o número de folhas, área foliar, comprimento da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total, porém com menor intensidade em solo com biofertilizante bovino, demonstrando que o insumo atenua os efeitos da salinidade no crescimento do morangueiro.
Densidade e resistência do solo à penetração de raízes em agroecossistemas no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Queiroz Gabriela Carvalho Maia de , Silva Francisco Wellington Andrade da , Portela Jeane Cruz , Oliveira Valéria Nayara Silva de , Santos Mikhael Varão dos
Published: December 2019

O manejo inadequado do solo modifica seus atributos, culminando na perda de sua qualidade produtiva. Diante do exposto, o objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar os atributos de um Cambissolo em agroecossistemas, no Projeto de Assentamento Terra de Esperança, município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, no Rio Grande do Norte, por meio da técnica de estatística multivariada. Realizou-se a coleta de amostras de solo com estrutura deformada e indeformada, para realização de análises físicas e químicas, sendo as coletas feitas nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, em três repetições. Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: granulometria, densidade de partículas e densidade do solo, resistência do solo à penetração realizada a campo com penetrômetro, e porosidade total do solo. Os atributos químicos foram: condutividade elétrica, potencial hidrogeniônico em água, carbono orgânico total e macronutrientes: cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, potássio e o sódio, sendo posteriormente calculada a capacidade de troca de cátions, soma de bases e saturação por bases, e a percentagem de sódio trocável. As áreas de mata nativa e área agroecológica apresentaram similaridade entre si, sendo que os atributos estruturais resistência do solo à penetração e densidade do solo e os químicos carbono orgânico total, sódio, potássio, percentagem de sódio trocável e condutividade elétrica foram os mais sensíveis na distinção dos ambientes, em relação á área de plantio convencional de cultivos consorciados, indicando que os sistemas de usos do solo alteram seus atributos e que práticas agroecológicas propiciam melhorias e/ou manutenção destes.
Análise multidimensional da sustentabilidade em sistemas produtivos de leite em Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lemos da Silva Cassiano Jivago , Neske Márcio Zamboni , Becker Cláudio , Guedes Anor Aluizio Menine , Oliveira Anelisi Inchauspe de , Miotti Silvana Peres
Published: December 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas dedicados à produção de leite no município de Santana do Livramento - RS, como forma de esclarecer resultados ecológicos e socioeconômicos para identificar alternativas de auxilio aos produtores na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. A produção de leite no município vem enfrentando diversos problemas, dentre os principais encontram-se o aumento do custo de produção e baixo valor pago pelo produto, que ameaçam o futuro deste segmento produtivo. Avaliou-se a sustentabilidade em quatro unidades produtoras de pecuária leiteira, através da Análise e Diagnóstico dos Sistemas Agrários, para verificar atributos sistêmicos de sustentabilidade em concordância com o Método de Análise Econômico-Ecológica de Agroecossistemas. Verificou-se que os maiores índices de intensidade produtiva foram em sistemas de manejos que respeitam o ambiente, com uso do Pastoreio Racional Voisin, que aumenta a autonomia econômica, além da produtividade, e consequentemente, da renda e autonomia sobre os processos produtivos. Observou-se, que agroecossistemas com maior diversidade produtiva tendem a possuir maiores condições de resposta às adversidades. A desigualdade de gênero na família impede a representatividade das mulheres, que pode ainda, afastar os membros mais jovens da família das atividades produtivas. Ressalta-se que, em nenhuma família há completa satisfação com a atividade produtiva do leite e a renda final, em virtude do aumento dos custos de produção e constates reduções no valor pago pelo litro de leite. Conclui-se que, a sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas e a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável no município está atrelada às formas de manejo oriundas da Agroecologia.
Programa Nacional de Frtalecimento da Agricultura Familiar : Promoção da Agricultura Familiar ou do Agronegócio no Brasil?
Authors: Trentin Iran Carlos Lovis
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, como o PRONAF (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar), enquanto política pública de "Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar", contribuiu para o aumento da produção de mercadorias (produtos agricolas para exportação) em áreas predominantes de agricultores familiares. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa em áreas da agricultura familiar no norte do Rio Grande do Sul em 2017-18. Onde foram analisadas algumas considerações sobre a estrutura agrária, bem como os dados de aumento da produtividade e a área utilizada na produção das principais culturas exportadordas nos anos 2000-2017. E também algumas considerações sobre o rural e como esse modelo de agricultura baseado na produção intensiva degradou os ambientes, especialmente com o aumento de aplicação de pesticidas a cada ano no Rio Grande do Sul e no Brasil. Como resultado, observou-se que esse modelo baseado em financiamento público significativo manteve a pobreza rural, o endividamento e a dependência de algumas regiões com forte produção primária às custas de outras regiões mais industrializadas. Finalmente, apresentamos uma discussão sobre a necessidade de rever o papel das políticas públicas que promovam a segurança alimentar, a recuperação e a proteção ambiental, incentivando a agroecologia em áreas com a presença de agricultores pobres no Brasil.
Crescimento inicial de curauá e paricá submetidos à aplicação de extrato vegetal de curauá
Authors: Cordeiro Iracema Maria , Schwartz Gustavo , Ferreira Gracialda Costa , Lameira Osmar Alves
Published: December 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo testar o efeito da fertilização do solo com extrato vegetal de curauá (Ananas erectifolius) sobre o crescimento de indivíduos de curauá e paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) plantados em consórcio. O trabalho foi conduzido no campo experimental da empresa Tramontina Belém, município de Aurora do Pará, PA, Brasil. O experimento seguiu um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições por tratamento, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. O espaçamento adotado foi de 4 x 3 m entre indivíduos de paricá e 0,80 m x 0,80 m entre as plantas de curauá. Os cinco tratamentos consistiram em diferentes concentrações de extrato vegetal de curauá: 100% extrato; 75% extrato e 25% água; 50% extrato e 50% água; 25% extrato e 75% água e uma testemunha com 100% água. O extrato vegetal de curauá foi aplicado mensalmente por um período de seis meses e as variáveis analisadas foram: número e comprimento de folhas de curauá e altura e diâmetro de paricá. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se observar que houve efeito positivo da fertilização do solo quando utilizou o extrato vegetal de curauá na concentração de 25% em relação ao número e comprimento de folhas de curauá, assim como também pode inferir que ocorreram resultado positivo na concentração de 75% para o crescimento em altura e diâmetro de paricá. O residuo de curauá pode ser usado como adubo orgânico em plantações consorciadas, no entanto estudos em mais detalhes são necessários para permitir indicações de concentrações mais eficientes para o crescimento das plantas de curauá e paricá.
Potencial agroecológico de propriedades agrícolas familiares do município de São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: De Almeida Eric Weller , Stumpf Marcelo Tempel , Porto Carmem Rejane Pacheco , Rolon Ana Silvia , Trentin Gracieli
Published: December 2019

Com o objetivo de realizar uma análise crítica sobre a conjuntura do espaço agrário e perceber o potencial de promoção da agroecologia no município São Lourenço do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, foi realizado um estudo através da aplicação de questionário a 72 agricultores familiares em seis dos oito distritos municipais. Houve predominância na presença de agricultores de ascendência pomerana. A agricultura se configura como familiar, tanto pelo tamanho das propriedades quanto pela organização do trabalho, contando com grande participação de membros da família na produção, na maioria filhos dos proprietários. A maioria das propriedades foi obtida por herança. O principal cultivo que gera renda, a partir da percepção dos agricultores, é o fumo, apesar de tal cultivo ocupar área menor do que as pastagens, milho e soja, respectivamente. Todos os produtores utilizam insumos químicos na produção, porém, 100% mudariam para um sistema de produção de bases ecológicas, principalmente em função de sua saúde. Observa-se que é baixa a percepção dos agricultores sobre os impactos da produção agropecuária convencional sobre o meio ambiente. São Lourenço do Sul é um município cujo espaço agrário se configura como uma possível frente de resistência às tendências de êxodo rural, bem como pode ser um importante polo para desenvolvimento de políticas de fomento à produção de base agroecológica.
Prebióticos fruto-oligossacarídeos como substituto do açúcar comercial em sobremesas aeradas de morango com matriz não láctea
Authors: Feitosa Bruno Fonsêca , Fontes Cláudia Patrícia Mourão Lima , Oliveira Emanuel Neto Alves de , Machado Adalva Lopes , Oliveira Neto Juvêncio Olegário de , Feitoza João Vitor Fonseca
Published: December 2019

A associação entre alimentação e saúde, bem como o crescente número de casos de intolerâncias alimentares tem motivado a indústria alimentícia a inovar em produtos que possuam boas propriedades nutricionais e sejam apreciados tanto pelos atributos sensoriais quanto pela praticidade de preparo e consumo. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a utilização de prebióticos fruto-oligossacarídeos como substituto do açúcar convencional em sobremesas aeradas de morango com matriz não láctea. Para esse propósito, foram elaboradas três formulações: S1 - controle – 100% sacarose, S2 - 50% sacarose e 50% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) e S3 - 100% FOS; além de realizadas análises microbiológicas (Coliformes 35 e 45ºC), físico-químicas (composição centesimal e valor calórico) e sensoriais (cor, aroma, consistência, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra). Todas as sobremesas atenderam aos padrões microbiológicos e físico-químicos. Quanto às características sensoriais, as formulações S1 e S2 apresentaram as maiores médias para os atributos avaliados. Desta forma, conclui-se que a elaboração de sobremesas à base de soja, com substituição da sacarose pelo FOS é viável, bem aceita e nutritiva.
Resíduos de peixe do Mercado de Ferro, Complexo do Ver-o-Peso, Belém, Pará
Authors: Souza Evelyn Rafaelle De Oliveira , Da Silva Bruno Pedroso , Canto Luis Otávio do , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: December 2019

O Complexo do Ver-o-Peso localiza-se na cidade de Belém, Pará, considerado a maior feira livre da América Latina, nele está incluso o Mercado de Ferro, responsável por comercialização de pescados, realizando filetagem e outros tipos de cortes que geram resíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da geração e destinação dos resíduos de peixes gerados no Mercado de Ferro cidade de Belém, Pará. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos anos de 2015 e 2018, com informações referentes aos resíduos de peixes por meio de formulários aos vendedores do interior do mercado; além de separação e pesagens dos resíduos de peixe em tipo 1 a pele; tipo 2 a carcaça e tipo 3, outros, que engloba nadadeiras, escamas, brânquias, e grude. No ano de 2018 obteve-se 1.845,65 kg de resíduos de peixes em um único dia, sedo a carcaça de peixe, a categoria de resíduo mais recorrente. As demais categorias apresentaram-se baixas e não foram encontrados intestinos, pois os peixes costumam ser eviscerados ainda na embarcação. A maioria dos comerciantes produzem 50 kg ou mais de resíduos diariamente por boxe, sendo a maior parte desses resíduos com destino ao aterro sanitário. A maioria dos comerciantes apresentaram conhecimentos referentes ao uso de resíduos de peixes para a produção de adubo, ração e para a alimentação humana. No Mercado de Ferro do Complexo do Ver-o-Peso, os resíduos mais frequentes são a carcaça, e a quantificação desses resíduos atinge um total superior a uma tonelada e meia por dia.
Potencial energético da microalga Oedogonium sp. na produção de biocombustível sólido
Authors: Marreiro Hívila Maria Pontes , Oliveira Andressa Sales de , Lopes Riuzuani Michelle Bezerra Pedrosa
Published: December 2019

As energias renováveis surgem como uma maneira de mitigar os prejuízos ambientais causados pelas tradicionais fontes de energia, propondo também, uma diversificação da matriz energética. Dentre os diversos vetores energéticos possíveis, as microalgas surgem como uma boa opção para geração de energia por possuírem uma alta capacidade de conversão de energia solar em energia química, tornando amplas as possibilidades para obtenção de biomassa algal em aplicações energéticas. Por meio delas é possível produzir biodiesel, bioetanol, gás metano e gás hidrogênio como combustível. O presente trabalho, avalia o potencial energético da microalga Oedogonium sp. por meio de sua análise físico-química e de poder calorífico, assim como a viabilidade da sua densificação em forma de pellets, a fim de aproveitá-la como matéria sólida para combustão. Para isso, foram realizadas análises calorimétrica, termogravimétrica e imediata, onde nessa última foi possível obter os teores de umidade, cinza, carbono fixo e voláteis presentes na biomassa. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, nos quais o poder calorífico superior foi igual a 16,13 MJ/kg, valor superior ao encontrado para lenha comercial e dentro dos padrões impostos pelas normas europeia, sueca e intencional de padronização de pellets.
Características físicas de grãos de feijão-fava rajada (Phaseolus lunatus L.)
Authors: Silveira Daniel Casimiro da , Leite Ana Carolina Nóbrega , Santos Newton Carlos , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira
Published: December 2019

O conhecimento das propriedades físicas dos produtos agrícolas apresenta um relevante papel no estudo dos processos industriais de colheita e pós-colheita, visando obter melhores condições de dimensionamento de equipamentos e armazenamento. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da secagem e de diferentes cultivares nas propriedades físicas dos grãos de feijão-fava rajada. Foram avaliados 4 tratamentos, nos quais as amostras de grãos in natura produzidos no estado da Paraíba e Pernambuco foram submetidas ao processo de secagem por 30 h a 45 °C e umidade relativa do ar de 62%. Os tratamentos foram avaliados quanto aos parâmetros teor de água, atividade de água, massa individual do grão, massa específica real e aparente, ângulo de repouso dinâmico e dimensões do grão (a, b, c), além de terem sido obtidos os dados de porosidade e volume do grão. Observou-se que o processo de secagem influencia as propriedades físicas do material, proporcionando um aumento das massas específicas aparente e real. Os valores de atividade de água, massa individual, volume, porosidade, ângulo de repouso dinâmico e dimensões mutuamente perpendiculares dos grãos decresceram após a redução do teor de água. A esfericidade foi influenciada de forma distinta entre os tratamentos devido ao encolhimento desuniforme nas dimensões características durante o processo de secagem.
The incorporation of various porphyrins into blood cells measured via flow cytometry, absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Authors: Ion R M , Planner A , Wiktorowicz K , Frackowiak D
Published: January 2020

The incorporation of the five following porphyrins: meso-tetra(4-phenyl)porphyrin (TPP); meso-tetra(4-sulfonato-phenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4); meso-tetra(4-naphthyl)porphyrin (TNP); tri-sulfo-tetra-phenyl porphyrin (TPPS3) and tetra-sulfonato-naphthyl porphyrin (TNPS4) into human blood cells was investigated using flow cytometry, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. The percentage of stained cells, measured in a fluorescence cytometer, provided information on the efficiency of incorporation of fluorescent dye molecules into different types of cells. The yield of the incorporation of a dye was dependent on the type of dye and the solvent used for cell incubation. The degree of dye aggregation and ionization varied with the incubation medium, but dye molecules incorporated into cells seemed to be restricted to those in the monomeric state, exhibiting similar fluorescence yield. Of the three sulfonated porphyrins investigated only TPPS4 was efficiently incorporated into leukocytes. In the incubation solvent, this dye was in monomeric and neutral form. TPPS3 which was also in monomeric form, practically was not incorporated into cells. TPP and TNP dissolved in 5% aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide were present mostly in aggregated forms but they penetrated the cells with a high efficiency.
The response of L5178Y lymphoma sublines to oxidative stress: antioxidant defence, iron content and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.
Authors: Bouzyk E , Gradzka I , Iwaneńko T , Kruszewski M , Sochanowicz B , Szumiel I
Published: December 2019

We examined the response to hydrogen peroxide of two L5178Y (LY) sublines which are inversely cross-sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and X-rays: LY-R cells are radio-resistant and hydrogen peroxide-sensitive, whereas LY-S cells are radiosensitive and hydrogen peroxide-resistant. Higher initial DNA breaks and higher iron content (potentially active in the Fenton reaction) were found in the hydrogen peroxide sensitive LY-R cells than in the hydrogen peroxide resistant LY-S cells, whereas the antioxidant defence of LY-R cells was weaker. In particular, catalase activity is twofold higher in LY-S than in LY-R cells. The content of monobromobimane-reactive thiols is 54% higher in LY-S than in LY-R cells. In contrast, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is about two times higher in LY-R than in LY-S cells; however, upon induction with selenium the activity increases 15.6-fold in LY-R cells and 50.3-fold in LY-S cells. Altogether, the sensitivity difference is related to the iron content, the amount of the initial DNA damage, as well as to the efficiency of the antioxidant defence system. Differential nuclear translocation of p65-NF-kappaB in LY sublines is due to the more efficient antioxidant defence in LY-S than in LY-R cells.
The reactions of hypochlorous acid, the reactive oxygen species produced by myeloperoxidase, with lipids.
Authors: Spickett C M , Jerlich A , Panasenko O M , Arnhold J , Pitt A R , Stelmaszyńska T , Schaur R J
Published: December 2019

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant enzyme in phagocytes, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. The major oxidant produced by MPO, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), is able to modify a great variety of biomolecules by chlorination and/or oxidation. In this paper the reactions of lipids (preferentially unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol) with either reagent HOCl or HOCl generated by the MPO-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system are reviewed. One of the major issues has been whether the reaction of HOCl with lipids of low density lipoprotein (LDL) yields predominantly chlorohydrins or lipid hydroperoxides. Electrospray mass spectrometry provided direct evidence that chlorohydrins rather than peroxides are the major products of HOCl- or MPO-treated LDL phosphatidylcholines. Nevertheless lipid peroxidation is a possible alternative reaction of HOCl with polyunsaturated fatty acids if an additional radical source such as pre-formed lipid hydroperoxides is available. In phospholipids carrying a primary amino group such as phosphatidylethanolamine chloramines are the preferred products compared to chlorohydrins. Cholesterol can be converted by HOCl to great variety of oxysterols besides three isomers of chlorohydrins. For the situation in vivo it appears that the type of reaction occurring between HOCl and lipids would very much depend on the circumstances, e.g. the pH and the presence of radical initiators. The biological effects of lipid chlorohydrins are not yet well understood. It has been shown that chlorohydrins of both unsaturated fatty acids as well as of cholesterol may cause lysis of target cells, possibly by disruption of membrane structures.
Lipid radicals: properties and detection by spin trapping.
Authors: Stolze K , Udilova N , Nohl H
Published: December 2019

Unsaturated lipids are rapidly oxidized to toxic products such as lipid hydroperoxides, especially when transition metals such as iron or copper are present. In a Fenton-type reaction Fe2+ converts lipid hydroperoxides to the very short-lived lipid alkoxyl radicals. The reaction was started upon the addition of Fe2+ to an aqueous linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LOOH) emulsion and the spin trap in the absence of oxygen. Even when high concentrations of spin traps were added to the incubation mixture, only secondary radical adducts were detected, probably due to the rapid re-arrangement of the primary alkoxyl radicals. With the commercially available nitroso spin trap MNP we observed a slightly immobilized ESR spectrum with only one hydrogen splitting, indicating the trapping of a methinyl fragment of a lipid radical. With DMPO or 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) adducts were detected with carbon-centered lipid radical, with acyl radical, and with the hydroxyl radical. We also synthesized lipophilic derivatives of the spin trap DEPMPO in order to detect lipid radical species generated in the lipid phase. With all spin traps studied a lipid-derived carbon-centered radical was obtained in the anaerobic incubation system Fe2+/LOOH indicating the trapping of a lipid radical, possibly generated as a secondary reaction product of the primary lipid alkoxyl radical formed. Under aerobic conditions an SOD-insensitive oxygen-centered radical adduct was formed with DEPMPO and its lipophilic derivatives. The observed ESR parameters were similar to those of alkoxyl radical adducts, which were independently synthesized in model experiments using Fe3+-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of methanol or t-butanol to the respective spin trap.
Peroxynitrite mediated linoleic acid oxidation and tyrosine nitration in the presence of synthetic neuromelanins.
Authors: Stepień K , Wilczok A , Zajdel A , Dzierzega-Lecznar A , Wilczok T
Published: December 2019

Peroxynitrite-mediated linoleic acid oxidation and tyrosine nitration were analysed in the presence of synthetic model neuromelanins: dopamine (DA) -melanin, cysteinyldopamine (CysDA) -melanin and various DA/CysDA copolymers. The presence of melanin significantly decreased the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine formed. This inhibitory effect depended on the type and concentration of melanin polymer. It was found that incorporation of CysDA-derived units into melanin attenuated its protective effect on tyrosine nitration induced by peroxynitrite. In the presence of bicarbonate, the melanins also inhibited 3-nitrotyrosine formation in a concentration dependent manner, although the extent of inhibition was lower than in the absence of bicarbonate. The tested melanins inhibited peroxynitrite-induced formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides, both in the absence and in the presence of bicarbonate. In the presence of bicarbonate, among the oxidation products appeared 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). CysDA-melanin inhibited the formation of HNE, while DA-melanin did not affect the aldehyde level. The results of the presented study suggest that neuromelanin can act as a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite.