bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Leningrad Blockade through the Lens of Historical Sociology and Social History
Authors:   University of Richmond, Brandenberger D.
Published: January 2024

Jeffrey Hass’ study of the 872-day blockade of Leningrad is groundbreaking interdisciplinary research, weaving together history, sociology, economics and behavioral psychology to explore how individual Leningraders survived the siege’s inhumane conditions and why society in the northern capital didn’t collapse. He examines how the blockade challenged notions of gender and class identity and at the same time reified them, reinforcing traditional patterns and behaviors. Hass focuses on the siege of Leningrad, which was probably the most sustained experience of urban hardship, suffering and starvation in World War II. He is aware that his findings may not necessarily apply to other contexts in World War II or beyond, and instead investigates larger questions about systemic collapse, such as what determines when communities, institutions or civilizations break down and the sources of resilience that allow society to survive extreme hardship. The disciplinary perspective of the book is historical sociology, which is an empirical study of society in the past. There has been tension between social history and historical sociology, with the former emphasizing the sociocultural context of separate and distinct events and actors, and the latter stressing more generalizable theory. Social historians focus on the distinctiveness of historical experience and phenomena, while historical sociologists investigate these topics in ways governed by their relevance to broader conceptual areas of scholarship. Historical sociology offers a deductive approach, identifying evidence capable of supporting or refuting theoretical propositions, while social history suggests an inductive methodology, attempting to make broader sense of disparate historical data. These differences have been discussed by well-known critics such as Eric Hobsbawm, who argued that historical sociology’s focus on generalizable patterns and behaviors rendered it mechanistic. Hass’s book, as a premier example of modern historical sociology, is careful enough to deflect many of these traditional criticisms of the field.
Power under Siege
Authors:   Boston College, Christensen P.
Published: January 2024

This book by Jeffrey K. Hass is an impressive work of scholarship that has uncovered a wealth of material on the Siege of Leningrad during World War II. Through this research, the author has highlighted the power dynamics at play during the siege. He argues that power was visible in the form of coercion and dependency, but also in agenda setting and in the shaping of people’s attitudes and worldviews. The circumstances of the siege forced people to innovate, act, and consider behaviors they would never have otherwise. The book also examines how food became a central factor in the exercise of power, with official institutions trying to control production and distribution, those involved in production and distribution using their positions in self-interested or empathetic ways, and everyone needing to decide how to exercise “tragic agency” when it came to their own survival. The author also argues that, in some paradoxical ways, the blockade empowered women, as they were called into production, while also taking on the burden of procuring food for their families. This book is a fascinating exploration of the various ways power manifested itself during the siege and how individuals and institutions responded to the pressure of such dire circumstances.
The Dalstroy’s Crisis and the Problems of the Gold Mining in the North-East of the USSR in 1954–1957
Authors:   North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grebenyuk P. S.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the main factors in the development of the Dalstroy gold mining after the creation of the Magadan Region in December 1953. Since the late 1940s there were many factors of the crisis in the gold mining of Dalstroy, including a decrease in the availability of alluvial gold reserves, a decrease in the average gold content in the sands, a shortage of qualified personnel, problems in the organization of forced labor, as well as decisions that determined the concentration of exploration work on gold deposits within the Kolyma gold-bearing zone and the reorientation mainly for exploration and mining of tin. One of the main reasons for the Dalstroy gold mining crisis was the transformation of the entire economic system of the organization to free labor. This process was accompanied by the problems of organizing free and forced labor, high staff turnover, the need to select qualified personnel to service bulldozers, excavators and flushing devices, to accommodate, improve and create conditions for civilian workers, including former convicts and special settlers, as well as to provide work with prisoners on new terms. The number of workers in the gold mining industry for 1953–1957 decreased by more than 2.5 times. The authorities of the region, while maintaining the system of benefits and relying on well-established schemes and administrative resources, tried to replace the staff. The use of forced labor of prisoners versus the use of “civilian” workers in the gold mining of the North-East in the 1950s was no longer due to economic calculation in comparison with the period of the 1930s — the first half of the 1940s. In the 1950s, along with a decrease in the volume of manual work, the growth of mechanization and automation, the work of convicts became more and more costly and less efficient.
Trials for Countering the Seizure of Church Valuables in Western Siberia (1922– 1923)
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Gorbatov A. V. ,   Altai State University
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study was the analysis of the causes and the identification of the features of the trials, as well as the description of their consequences for the Russian Church on the example of Western Siberia. The source base for the study was the materials of daily Siberian newspapers Krasnoe Znamya and Krasny Altai, archival documents and electronic databases of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was revealed that the believers’ attempts to resist the seizure of valuables in one form or another were recorded in all territories, but they were not of a large-scale nature and were not accompanied (with some exceptions) by believers’ tough actions. In Siberia, the campaign to confiscate church valuables ended with the initiation of criminal cases, and in a number of cities (Tomsk, Barnaul) with show trials in the case of parishioners and Tikhonovite clerics, with active and atheistically offensive covering these trials in local newspapers. An important role in the implementation of the church policy of the young atheistic state was played by the secret services (GPU), which secretly controlled the ongoing processes, using, among other things, a network of informers and agents. During the trials, facts of bias on the part of the prosecution and pressure on public opinion with the help of newspaper propaganda and campaigning public events were noticed. It has been established that the death sentences handed down in the course of most trials to convicted hierarchs were canceled and the long sentences were reduced. After a short time, most of the clergy were amnestied, and quite soon they resumed their spiritual service. It was a planned and coordinated operation of the Soviet-party authorities on the ground in collaboration with the Main Political Directorate, aimed at decomposing and weakening the Church as an ideological enemy.
About the Latest Russian Historiography of Soviet Ethno-National Politics: Plots, Problems, Ideas
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Amanzholova D. A.
Published: January 2024

The main attention is paid to the national historiography. The achievements of Russian historians are distinguished by an integrated approach, interdisciplinarity, professional analysis of unique sources, which makes it possible to reconstruct the process of implementing Soviet national policy in different ethnosocial environments, highlight similarities and differences on the example of individual national regions, provide a solid foundation for the creation of generalizing works and determining research prospects. In this regard, one of the controversial topics of modern historiography related to the interpretation of the concept of the “Soviet people” is also highlighted. The author notes that the early Soviet period is most intensively studied, when intensive nation-building took place and the image of the Soviet Federation took shape. The most important ideas of scientists are highlighted, which analyze the essence, nature and details of federal construction, the organization of the transit of the multicultural, initially complex society of the USSR from tradition to modernity, the development of interethnic relations, state policy in ethnosocial and ethno-cultural fields, the activities of national leaders, personnel policy in national republics, ethno-oriented practices in different periods of Soviet history. The author emphasizes the actual meaning of the Soviet historical experience of the functioning of a multi-component state and interethnic consolidation, including during the Great Patriotic War, in order to solve modern problems of strengthening the civil unity of Russian society. Due to the need for a critical analysis of the “decolonial” discourse of foreign historiography, the author considers the study of socio-economic relations and interaction of national- state and administrative-territorial units of the USSR to be very relevant, both among themselves and in the context of the organizing and coordinating role of all-Union institutions. Some ideas are proposed to expand the subject field and problematize a wide range of debatable issues.
Axiological aspect in contemporary conceptualization of bread: on the material of russian phraseological units
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nikolaeva Elena K. , Seliverstova Elena ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2024

The authors argue that Russian ideas about bread have found their expression in several set expressions, units of the food cultural code and manifestations of an axiological ethnically marked paradigm, which was verbalized in the language. By addressing to the National Corpus of the Russian Language one can present a picture of the speech use of set expressions containing the bread component, which confirms the real demand for these expressions and the nature of their conceptualization by the speakers. This topic is particularly interesting because over time both the interpretation of a set expression and its axiology may change, showing the phraseological creativity of the speakers. On the one hand, the original semantics may undergo an axiological shift, and on the other hand, it may become necessary to express additional connotations. Special attention is paid to several most popular expressions, collected in phraseological dictionaries. The analysis of the material has shown that the basic vectors of conceptualization of bread are reflected in its perception as the food product, that guarantees life, and in the acceptance of its high axiological status by the speakers of Russian. First, it is possible to identify several elements of the cultural code connected to the image of bread, such as the religious one (daily bread; not by bread alone), the gastronomical one (a crust of bread) and the ethical one (bread and salt). Secondly, the examination of the function of phraseological units with bread in contemporary discourse has shown the ambivalence of bread which may symbolize either something very necessary and highly valued (do not feed bread) or something minimal and inadequate (and that is bread too). This situation can be observed using the expression slice of bread which serves as the component of several idioms: the speakers use it to construct an entire scale of values used to define one’s income and prosperity, ranging from minimal needs (to work for a slice of bread) to self-sufficiency (earn one’s slice of bread) and, finally, high (earn for a slice of bread with butter/caviar).
The image of Robinson Crusoe in the aspect of the problem of “one’s own — alien”
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Shvetsova Tatiana , Shakhova Veronika ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: January 2024

One of the topical problems of modern literary criticism is the study of dichotomy “one’s own — alien”. This dichotomy is a representation of a different culture, language and mentality of one people in the literature of another people. The article analyzes the evolution of the Robinson Crusoe’s image in the Russian worldview within the framework of the imagological problem. The novel “The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” by the English writer Daniel Defoe belongs to the most widely read works of world literature. Interest in it does not fade, both from readers and from experts in various subject areas. Despite the formal simplicity of this text’s architectonics, Defoe’s novel discovered a new artistic paradigm. The Robinson story has long gone beyond the boundaries of the adventure genre. The number of questions about survival, exploitation of resources, social and political interaction with other human communities does not decrease, and the search for answers is becoming global and broad. Various authors around the world view these issues through the lens of Defoe’s novel and his hero. Using the method of imagological analysis proposed by modern scholars (A.A.Kozlova, L.P.Ivanova, etc.), the author analyzes the process of perceiving Robinson Crusoe’s image in Russia in 18th–21st centuries, and demonstrates that in the 18th century, when Defoe’s novel was translated into Russian, Robinson was an “alien” name. Then this proper name became nationally precedent and formed as a concept of linguistic consciousness and culture. The author explores the factors that influenced the development of Robinson’s image, through which it became “one’s own” in Russian culture. Among other factors, there are the creation and development of universal image indicators in a concentrated form (symbolization), embodiment in other forms of art (semiotization), the development of additional prototype consciousness (connotonimization), integration into the system of heroes of Russian writers (interpolation).
Boosting hydropower generation of mixed reservoirs for reducing carbon emissions by using a simulation–optimization framework
Authors: He Yanfeng , Guo Shenglian , Zhou Yanlai , Zhu Di , Chen Hua , Xiong Lihua , Liu Jie , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: January 2024

The optimization operation of reservoir seasonal Flood-Limited Water Levels (FLWLs) can counterbalance the hydropower generation and flood prevention in the flood season. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization operation model to optimize the reservoir seasonal FLWLs for enhancing synergies of hydropower generation and flood prevention. The integration of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II and a simulation-optimization framework is applied for optimizing the joint operation of reservoirs meanwhile achieving the Pareto solutions to reduce computation complexity and time. And then, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is utilized to identify the best seasonal FLWL scheme grounded on multi-criteria decision-making analysis. The mixed reservoirs located in the upstream Yangtze River of China constitute the case study. The results showed that: compared with the annual FLWL scheme, the proposed seasonal FLWL schemes without increasing flood prevention risk could facilitate the joint operation of the mixed reservoirs to achieve 868 million kW·h (5.1% improvement) in average hydroelectricity production during the flood season, meanwhile reducing 681 million kg in carbon emissions accordingly. The results support that the proposed methods can boost hydropower production to benefit China's national tactics in accomplishing peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030.
Plasma Virome of HIV-infected Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral
Therapy Reveals Association of Differentially Abundant Viruses with
Distinct T-cell Phenotypes and Inflammation
Authors: Bhagchandani Tannu , Ul Haque Mohammad M. , Sharma Shilpa , Malik Md Zubbair , Ray Ashwini K. , Kaur Urvinder S. , Rai Ankita , Verma Anjali , Sawlani Kamal K. , Chaturvedi Rupesh , Dandu Himanshu , Kumar Abhishek , Tandon Ravi
Published: January 2024

Background::

The plasma virome represents the overall composition of viral sequences
present in it. Alteration in plasma virome has been reported in treatment naïve and immunocompromised (CD4 count < 200) people with HIV (PWH). However, the effect of ART on virome
composition in PWH on ART with preserved CD4 counts is poorly understood.

Objective::

We aimed to assess the alterations in plasma virome in PWH on ART in comparison
to HIV-negative uninfected controls and to further investigate possible associations of plasma
viruses with inflammation and immune dysfunction, namely, immunosenescence and immune exhaustion.

Methods::

Plasma viral DNA from PWH on ART and controls was used for sequencing on the Illumina Nextseq500 platform, followed by the identification of viral sequences using an automated
pipeline, VIROMATCH. Multiplex cytokine assay was performed to measure the concentrations
of various cytokines in plasma. Immunophenotyping was performed on PBMCs to identify T cell
markers of immunosenescence and immune exhaustion.

Results::

In our observational, cross-sectional pilot study, chronically infected PWH on ART had
significantly different viral species compositions compared to controls. The plasma virome of
PWH showed a significantly high relative abundance of species Human gammaherpesvirus 4, also
known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Moreover, EBV emerged as a significant viral taxon differentially enriched in PWH on ART, which further correlated positively with the exhaustion phenotype of T cells and significantly increased TNF-α in PWH on ART. Additionally, a significantly
increased proportion of senescent T cells and IL-8 cytokine was detected in PWH on ART.

Conclusion::

Altered plasma virome influenced the inflammatory response and T-cell phenotype
in PWH on ART.
Delivery Systems for Plasma-reactive Species and their Applications in the Field of Biomedicine
Authors: Biazar Esmaeil , Aavani Farzaneh , Zeinali Reza , Kheilnezhad Bahareh , Taheri Kiana , Yahyaei Zahra
Published: January 2024

:

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized matter with potential applications in various
medical fields, ranging from wound healing and disinfection to cancer treatment. CAP's clinical usefulness
stems from its ability to act as an adjustable source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
(RONS), which are known to function as pleiotropic signaling agents within cells. Plasma-activated
species, such as RONS, have the potential to be consistently and precisely released by carriers, enabling
their utilization in a wide array of biomedical applications. Furthermore, understanding the
behavior of CAP in different environments, including water, salt solutions, culture medium, hydrogels,
and nanoparticles, may lead to new opportunities for maximizing its therapeutic potential. This
review article sought to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of current biomaterial approaches
for the targeted delivery of plasma-activated species in the hope to boost therapeutic response
and clinical applicability.
DFT Study of Nanotubes as the Drug Delivery Vehicles for an Anticancer
Drug
Authors: Masnabadi Nasrin , Masoudi Shiva , Hosseinzadeh Maryamossadat
Published: January 2024

Chemicals and poisons in the body interfere with the cell cycle and inhibit the growth of
cancer cells. In this way, the function of chemicals in the body is controlled by taking anti-cancer
drugs. Due to the degradability and compatibility of carbon nanotubes and boron nitride with the
environment, they can act as suitable drug carriers for the transfer of anticancer drugs and deliver the
drugs to the target cells. In the current work, the encapsulation of Formestane (FMS) anticancer
drug into the carbon (CNT) and boron nitride (BNNT) (8,8) nanotubes was investigated for the first
time using the density functional theory: B3LYP/3-21G* and the natural bond orbital analysis in the
gas phase. Using natural bond orbital analysis, the charge transfer between FMS drug and CNT and
BNNT nanotubes (8,8)/ FMS (BNNT/FMS) complexes were explored. Based on the results obtained
from the calculation of encapsulation energy, it was found that the adsorption process was
favorable. The interaction effects of FMS drug and CNT and BNNT (8,8) nanotubes on the natural
bond orbital charge, the chemical shift parameters, and electronic properties were also evaluated.
This study revealed that CNT and BNNT (8,8) nanotubes can be a suitable carrier for FMS drug
delivery. The ultraviolet-visible spectra of the FMS drug, the CNT and BNNT (8,8), and the
BNNT/FMS complexes were computed using time-dependent density functional theory (DFT:
B3LYP) calculations.
Pengembangan video edukasi fotografi jurnalistik sebagai media pembelajaran
Authors: Setyawan Burhan Faris , Handoko Aran
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui langkah pengembangan dan kelayakan video edukasi fotografi jurnalistik metode EDFAT sebagai media pembelajaran. Bentuk penelitian berupa pengembangan model ADDIE Analysis (analisis), Design (Desain), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), dan Evaluate (Evaluasi). Validasi oleh ahli materi fotografi, ahli media pembelajaran dan ahli bahasa. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 22 anggota baru angkatan 2022 UKM SERUFO UNY. Metode pengumpulan data: observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Penilaian kelayakan media dan review anggota menggunakan skala Likert 5. Kualitas media pembelajaran dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif persentase. Hasil pengembangan berupa video edukasi materi fotografi dasar dan fotografi jurnalistik metode EDFAT. Hasil penelitian 1) Langkah pengembangan: analisis kebutuhan, desain media, pengembangan produk, implementasi produk, produk akhir. 2) Kelayakan media menunjukkan skor validasi ahli materi sebesar = 96,66% kategori “Sangat baik”. Validasi ahli media pembelajaran = 87,36% kategori “Sangat Baik”, validasi ahli bahasa = 80% kategori “Baik”. Subjek uji coba mendapatkan skor 86,94% kategori “Sangat Baik”.
Potret seni rupa inklusif: Perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan hasil pembelajaran siswa tunarungu di SLB Ma'arif Muntilan
Authors: Purbasari Onten , Astuti Eni Puji
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persiapan, pelaksanaan, hasil pembelajaran seni rupa, dan karakteristik karya seni rupa pada siswa tunarungu kelas I, II, dan V SLB Ma’arif Muntilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif tentang mendeskripsikan persiapan, pelaksanaan, hasil pembelajaran, dan hasil karya seni rupa siswa tunarungu. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik validitas data melalui triangulasi teknik, dan triangulasi data dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Persiapan pembelajaran seni rupa belum menyusun RPP yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi siswa tunarungu. 2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran seni rupa meliputi kegiatan pendahuluan (membuka dengan salam, doa, kesiapan siswa dalam menerima pelajaran). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran seni rupa menggunakan metode oral, metode manual, metode mencontoh, dan metode ekspresi bebas). Kegiatan inti (mengamati, menanya, komunikasi), kegiatan penutup (penilaian, dan ditutup dengan salam). 3) Hasil pembelajaran melalui karya seni rupa yang dihasilkan siswa tunarungu tidak menggunakan sistem penilaian ke dalam rapot. Berdasarkan karakteristik karya seni rupa anak adalah naturalisme semu, realisme awal, pra bagan, dan bagan. Beberapa siswa tunarungu perkembangan seninya cukup pesat sehingga memiliki kemampuan gambarnya juga baik. Namun, ada yang perkembangannya masih lambat, dan keterbatasan penguasaan bahasa isyarat oleh guru.
Perancangan user interface game edukasi Topeng Panji sebagai media pelestarian kebudayaan
Authors: Rayshantti Sekar Hapsaritta , Pratama Novan Edo , Prajarini Dian
Published: January 2024

Topeng Panji merupakan bentuk visual yang ditransformasikan dari kisah Panji. Salah satu dusun yang membuat topeng Panji adalah Dusun Bobung, Gunungkidul. Saat ini, minat terhadap pengenalan seni dan budaya di kalangan generasi menurun, khususnya di Dusun Bobung. Beberapa di antaranya lebih tertarik pada permainan digital, sehingga menimbulkan berkurangnya keinginan untuk mengenal budaya, terutama topeng Panji. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi yang diperoleh dari metode design thought , sebagian dari mereka kurang tertarik pada budaya karena tidak adanya media yang menyenangkan untuk mengenal budaya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan media pelestarian yang menarik, interaktif, dan menyenangkan untuk mengenal topeng Panji dari Dusun Bobung dengan mendesain antarmuka pengguna game edukasi. Melalui desain ini, generasi muda dapat mengenal budaya topeng Panji Dusun Bobung dengan cara yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan. Desain ini mampu menjadi solusi terhadap permasalahan yang ada. Dari hasil uji coba yang dilakukan kepada 26 pengguna, 84,6% menyatakan bahwa antarmuka pengguna game edukatif ini mudah Dipahami.
Predictive Value of Machine Learning for Platinum Chemotherapy Responses in Ovarian Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Qingyi , Chang Zhuo , Liu Xiaofang , Wang Yunrui , Feng Chuwen , Ping Yunlu , Feng Xiaoling
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Machine learning is a potentially effective method for predicting the response to platinum-based treatment for ovarian cancer. However, the predictive performance of various machine learning methods and variables is still a matter of controversy and debate.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to systematically review relevant literature on the predictive value of machine learning for platinum-based chemotherapy responses in patients with ovarian cancer.

METHODS

Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for relevant studies on predictive models for platinum-based therapies for the treatment of ovarian cancer published before April 26, 2023. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included articles. Concordance index (C-index), sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction models to investigate the predictive value of machine learning for platinum chemotherapy responses in patients with ovarian cancer.

RESULTS

A total of 1749 articles were examined, and 19 of them involving 39 models were eligible for this study. The most commonly used modeling methods were logistic regression (16/39, 41%), Extreme Gradient Boosting (4/39, 10%), and support vector machine (4/39, 10%). The training cohort reported C-index in 39 predictive models, with a pooled value of 0.806; the validation cohort reported C-index in 12 predictive models, with a pooled value of 0.831. Support vector machine performed well in both the training and validation cohorts, with a C-index of 0.942 and 0.879, respectively. The pooled sensitivity was 0.890, and the pooled specificity was 0.790 in the training cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning can effectively predict how patients with ovarian cancer respond to platinum-based chemotherapy and may provide a reference for the development or updating of subsequent scoring systems.
Health Care Professionals’ Views on the Use of Passive Sensing, AI, and Machine Learning in Mental Health Care: Systematic Review With Meta-Synthesis (Preprint)
Authors: Rogan Jessica , Bucci Sandra , Firth Joseph
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health difficulties are highly prevalent worldwide. Passive sensing technologies and applied artificial intelligence (AI) methods can provide an innovative means of supporting the management of mental health problems and enhancing the quality of care. However, the views of stakeholders are important in understanding the potential barriers to and facilitators of their implementation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to review, critically appraise, and synthesize qualitative findings relating to the views of mental health care professionals on the use of passive sensing and AI in mental health care.

METHODS

A systematic search of qualitative studies was performed using 4 databases. A meta-synthesis approach was used, whereby studies were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach within a critical realist epistemological framework.

RESULTS

Overall, 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The 3 main themes were uses of passive sensing and AI in clinical practice, barriers to and facilitators of use in practice, and consequences for service users. A total of 5 subthemes were identified: barriers, facilitators, empowerment, risk to well-being, and data privacy and protection issues.

CONCLUSIONS

Although clinicians are open-minded about the use of passive sensing and AI in mental health care, important factors to consider are service user well-being, clinician workloads, and therapeutic relationships. Service users and clinicians must be involved in the development of digital technologies and systems to ensure ease of use. The development of, and training in, clear policies and guidelines on the use of passive sensing and AI in mental health care, including risk management and data security procedures, will also be key to facilitating clinician engagement. The means for clinicians and service users to provide feedback on how the use of passive sensing and AI in practice is being received should also be considered.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022331698; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=331698
Implementation and Evaluation of a Home-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring Option: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Cannon Chase , Holzhauer Katherine , Golden Matthew
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

HIV prevention is a public health priority. Despite progress in recent years, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains suboptimal especially among groups disproportionately impacted by new HIV diagnoses such as gender and sexual minorities of color. Multiple barriers including a lack of PrEP providers and challenges with attending quarterly monitoring visits contribute to low PrEP uptake and retention. Home-based PrEP (HB-PrEP) services could reduce stigma, increase convenience, expand health system capacity for PrEP care, and improve PrEP retention.

OBJECTIVE

Home Option Testing for PrEP (HOT4PrEP) is a hybrid randomized controlled trial (RCT) that aims to examine whether HB-PrEP care is acceptable to PrEP users, feasible to implement in a sexual health clinic setting, and impacts PrEP retention.

METHODS

The RCT will recruit 458 persons currently taking or soon to initiate PrEP at a sexual health clinic in Seattle, Washington, and randomize them to continue the standard of care or have the option to use HB-PrEP for 2 of 3 triannual PrEP follow-up visits. Participants in the intervention arm will be sent home kits containing gonorrhea and chlamydia swabs and Tasso devices for blood self-collection. The primary outcome is PrEP retention between groups at 20 months; secondary outcomes include user satisfaction and acceptability, feasibility, self-reported PrEP adherence, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence. Interviews with PrEP users and clinic staff will elucidate barriers and facilitators of implementation.

RESULTS

The HOT4PrEP RCT began enrolling in March 2022, was on hold during the height of the US mpox epidemic, then resumed enrollment in December 2022. Of the first 100 enrollees, the median age is 34 years, and most are cisgender gay men (89/100, 89%) with at least some college education (91/100, 91%). Among the 49 participants randomized to the HB-PrEP option, 33 (67%) chose to self-collect samples at home at least once, of whom 27 (82%) successfully returned test kits for HIV and STI testing. Primary PrEP retention and qualitative analyses are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of HB-PrEP into a high-volume sexual health clinic seems to be feasible and acceptable to early RCT enrollees. This strategy has the potential to address individual and systemic barriers associated with initiating and persisting on PrEP, such as increasing sexual health agency and expanding clinical capacity to serve greater numbers of PrEP users.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05856942; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05856942

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/56587
Merkel Cell Carcinoma on the Face: Case Report (Preprint)
Authors: Alhaj Shaikha Salah , Qaderi Fatma Abdulghaffar , Ibrahim Tarek , Almohammad Maha
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine skin tumor that presents as a flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule on the face, neck, or head. Long-term ultraviolet radiation exposure and Merkel cell polyomavirus are associated with MCC pathogenesis. We present a case of MCC on the right cheek in a male patient aged 87 years. Our primary goal in presenting the case is to bring MCC, which is a diagnostic challenge, to the notice of dermatologists and oncologists, as early detection and prompt treatment are important. The patient had a significant past medical history, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. The patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogeneous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5 × 3–cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. MCC of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of MCC is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs. The patient is 87 years old and has a significant past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease stage 3, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic hyponatremia, acute pancreatitis, essential thrombocytosis on hydroxyurea, and ischemic heart disease. Currently, the patient presented with a mildly swollen right upper lip showing a poorly defined, relatively homogenous subcutaneous lesion with a history of persistence for 1.5 months. The clinical examination revealed a 5x3 cm nodular lesion on the right side of the cheek with swelling of the right upper lip. Immunohistochemistry markers results and histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology department for further management. Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin is an aggressive lesion with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, which is more common in immunocompromised people. Prompt management and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma is essential because if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and can also metastasize to lymph nodes and other organs.
Análisis cualitativo de la contribución de "Sembrando Vida” en el alivio de la pobreza
Authors: Ramírez Valverde Benito , Hernández Chontal Ángeles Yuleidi , Juárez Sanchez José Pedro , Gallardo López Felipe , Ocampo Fletes Ignacio
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: analizar la contribución del programa Sembrando Vida en el alivio de la pobreza de campesinas y campesinos desde un Enfoque Orientado al Actor (EOA), para comprender el impacto del programa en la disminución de la pobreza en Acayucan, Veracruz, México; considerando aspectos como: el empleo, la autosuficiencia alimentaria, la reconstrucción del tejido social, la recuperación forestal, el potencial de territorios y el bienestar.
Diseño metodológico: esta investigación cualitativa es de carácter etnográfico, realizando entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante a diez agricultores del programa durante un periodo de siete meses. El análisis de la información se realizó a través del software NVivo.
Resultados: el programa está cumpliendo parcialmente con su objetivo de combate a la pobreza, puesto que los campesinos aún enfrentan limitaciones productivas, vulnerabilidad social, mayores inversiones y dificultad técnico-productiva.
Limitaciones de la investigación: los alcances de la investigación solo corresponden a los actores que participaron en ella, por lo tanto, los resultados no pueden generalizarse. Comparar con más comunidades y con campesinos no participantes del programa daría una visión más amplia. 
Hallazgos: se aporta una mayor comprensión del impacto de las intervenciones públicas en los procesos de desarrollo. Lo encontrado suma para la mejora del programa en su aplicación y en el desarrollo de futuros proyectos que consoliden las metas a mediano y largo plazo del programa.
Identificación de las temáticas de investigación del Chocó en la literatura indizada en Scopus
Authors: Restrepo-Arango Cristina
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de esta artículo radica en extraer las temáticas de investigación de los resúmenes y datos bibliográficos de los artículos indexados en la base de datos Scopus y que tienen como objeto de estudio al departamento del Chocó (Colombia). De esta manera, se buscaron las palabras clave Chocó AND Colombia en la base de datos Scopus, se exportaron las referencias bibliográficas a EndNote y se extrajeron los datos de autor(es), título, publicación periódica, volumen, número, año y resumen, se convirtieron en un archivo de texto, se eliminaron referencias y símbolos. La manipulación del archivo en pdf se realizó con la ejecución de preparación del texto, tokenización, lematización y obtención de lista de bigrams que se efectuaron en el entorno de desarrollo integrado (EDI) de RStudio. Así, se encontraron 668 registros bibliográficos de documentos indexados en Scopus. Las palabras con el mayor número de frecuencia de aparición: «species», «Colombia», «Chocó», «forest», «pacific», «tropical», etcétera. Se encontraron 89 841 bigrams, entre los que destacan «new species», «pacific coast», «colombian pacific», entre otros. Las colocaciones de palabras muestran que «gold» combina con «mining», «mercury», «platinum», y así sucesivamente. «Chocó» combina con «Colombia», «biogeographical», «rain», «tropical», y demás. «Biodiversity» combina con «conservation», «tropical», «agricultural», etcétera. «Climate» combina con «change», «variability», «basin», y más. Se concluye que las palabras más frecuentes evidencian que hay una preocupación por el estudio de la minería, la biodiversidad, el cambio climático, el bosque tropical, el océano pacífico, entre otros.
Synergistic Interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis as well as Candida tropicalis in the Formation of Polymicrobial Biofilms
Authors: Andriana Yenni , Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu , Arfijanto Muhammad Vitanata
Published: January 2024

The interactions between pathogens during infection and the impact of these interactions on drug effectiveness are poorly understood, making polymicrobial infections challenging to treat. During an infection, cross-interactions between bacteria and fungi can strengthen virulence mechanisms and affect how the disease develops. The purpose of this study is to determine how Pseudomonas aeruginosa interacts with Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis in the development of polymicrobial biofilms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis isolates were used in this experimental investigation. After preparing a 0.5 Mc Farland suspension of each isolate, the gold standard for measuring biofilm was applied: the Tissue Plate Culture (TCP) method. After that, an ELISA reader with a wavelength of 595 nm was used to measure the optical density (OD) of the biofilm. SPSS 26.0 was then used for statistical analysis to compare the OD values between Pseudomonas aeruginosa that had not been exposed to Candida and those that had. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida are found to interact synergistically if there is an increase in OD, and antagonistic interaction is discovered if there is a decrease in OD. In comparison to the group that was not exposed to Candida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis showed an increase in the OD value of biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis interact synergistically.
Reviewing China-AUKUS Tensions through Constructivism
Authors: Kalanuzza Cahya
Published: January 2024

AUKUS is a relatively new trilateral pact. By aiming to maintain security and peace in the Indo-Pacific, AUKUS will indirectly deal with China as a country that is considered to have an important position in the region at this time. This research was conducted using a qualitative method whose sources were obtained from books, journals, scientific papers, etc. related to the problems between AUKUS and China. In this research, the tension between AUKUS and China will be discussed from the perspective of constructivism which assumes that the tension between the two comes from the perceptions that arise. This means that the tension that exists between AUKUS and China does not originate from material things as many neorealist or neoliberalist groups say. Rather, it is the different ideas/norms between the two camps that create tension. The AUKUS camp, which carries a democratic mission to maintain peace, is under a global hegemon that wants to maintain the current international structure, namely the United States. Where the United States secures the Indo-Pacific along with its two allied countries. Even though there has been much criticism, this trilateral pact continues because they both agreed to make China their enemy in terms of regional security.
The Innovation of Information and Communication Technology in Contextual Teaching and Learning Models Based PAI Learning
Authors: Hakim Luqman , Irsali Anfasa Naufal Reza , Nabilatul Watsiqoh Tsamarah
Published: January 2024

The integration of technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has become essential in various aspects of human life, including education. This study aims to explore the implementation of technology-based Islamic Religious Education learning at MAN 1 Lamongan in response to the challenges and demands of the digital era. The method used in this study involves analyzing teaching materials, interviewing Quran and Hadith teachers, and students from Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Lamongan, as well as observing classroom learning. The implementation of ICT-based learning in the Contextual Learning and Teaching model consists of two stages: the design stage and the implementation stage conducted by the teachers. The implementation stage is further divided into three phases: (a) opening, which involves delivering and teaching Islamic Education knowledge materials; (b) implementation, where students engage in group projects to connect the material with real-world events and their own experiences; and (c) closing, which includes reflection and evaluation of the learning process related to the studied material. Throughout the learning process, students are given the freedom and support to utilize technology, including laptops/smartphones and software applications such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Office, YouTube, WhatsApp, and free Wi-Fi access, to facilitate their learning. The study results indicate that using ICT-based learning media for Al-qur’an Hadith in this model has successfully increased students' interest in learning, enhanced their critical thinking skills, and fostered their creative competence in understanding and processing information and knowledge collaboratively.
The Effect of the Placeability of Urban Regeneration Space on Visitors' Satisfaction and Word of mouth intention
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Choi Eune A , Jeon Su Sung , Lee Rok
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of the placeability of urban regeneration spaces on visitor satisfaction and oral intention. To this end, a survey was conducted on urban regeneration visitors in Daejeon, and the following main results were derived. First, among the places, place by historical and place symbols, place by the use of materials and objects, and place by Hodogic spatial experience were all found to have a positive effect on visitor satisfaction. Second, it was found that the satisfaction of visitors to urban regeneration spaces had a positive effect on oral intention. Third, among the places, place by historical and place symbols and place by the use of materials and objects were found to have a positive effect on visitor satisfaction. Fourth, it was found that the placeability of urban regeneration spaces had a positive effect on oral intention through visitor satisfaction. This study will be able to provide basic data for visitor satisfaction in planning urban regeneration of the old city center.
Herpes zoster, complicated with thoracic wall phlegmon in a patient with HIV-infection: a case report
Authors: Vladimirov K. B. , Sokolov S. I. , Marfina G. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Herpes zoster is often associated with HIV infection. The article presents a clinical case of herpes zoster, complicated by the thoracic wall phlegmon in a 41-year-old male infected with HIV. Dissection and debridement of the phlegmon were performed. Antibacterial and pain relief therapy, start of antiretroviral therapy and treatment of the concomitant diseases were carried out. The residual thoracic wall skin and soft tissue defect on the site of the phlegmon was healed with surgery.

Conclusions. Secondary manifestations of HIV infection present with the diversity of symptoms and severe clinical performance. Herpes zoster may be complicated with the purulent inflammation of surrounding tissue in the patients with HIV-infection. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of such patients is required.