bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of New‐Modelled Recombinant Human Insulin (rh‐Insulin) Analog Expressed in E. coli Using Radioiodination Technique Followed by In Vivo Biodistribution in Diabetes‐Induced Mice
Authors: Abdelaziz Gamal , Abdelghany Ibrahim Y. , Mostafa Nasser F.
Published: February 2025

Biologists have significantly improved various techniques for confirming the physiological and pharmacological activity of new proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology, such as Western blotting, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Although these methods are costly and comparatively low in efficiency, our study focuses on developing a real‐time approach to investigate the physiological activity of our new recombinant human insulin (rh‐Insulin), which is expressed in Escherichia coli. An in vivo biodistribution study of radioiodinated rh‐Insulin (125I‐rh‐Insulin) was conducted in diabetic‐induced mice, exploiting the capability of tyrosine residues in protein molecules to undergo electrophilic substitution of hydrogen atoms with traceable 125I atoms. We studied many factors to optimize the conditions for the iodination reaction, including the amount of substrate, the amount of chloramine‐T, pH, temperature, and reaction time. A high radiochemical yield of 99.01 ± 0.2% was achieved. The in vivo step involved the administration of 125I‐rh‐Insulin intravenously (I.V.) in previously induced diabetic mice to study the pharmacokinetics of the new insulin analog. Results show a homogeneous distribution of insulin molecules throughout the body organs, correlating with organ mass, size, and functionality, with no accumulation in distinct organs. The clearance of insulin from the body occurs via both renal and hepatic routes due to the aqueous nature of insulin. Additionally, a parallel experiment was conducted on diabetic mice using only rh‐Insulin, resulting in a significant reduction in glucose levels in the mice's blood, thereby exploring the physiological activity of insulin and confirming the ability of our new construct to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Consequently, this method appears to be much more rapid and effective for the evaluation of biological molecules in vivo using radioactive tracing techniques.
Current Advances in PARP1‐Targeted Theranostics
Authors: Tong Jie , Chen Baosheng , Volpi Tommaso , Li Yawen , Ellison Paul A. , Cai Zhengxin
Published: February 2025

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays critical roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation, and cellular equilibrium, positioning it as a pivotal target for therapeutic interventions in cancer and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. PARP1 responds to oxidative stress and DNA damage through PARylation, influencing energy depletion, survival, inflammation, and genomic regulation in many biological scenarios. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have demonstrated efficacy against cancers harboring defective homologous recombination repair pathways, notably those linked to BRCA mutations. PARP1‐targeted PET imaging enables patient stratification, treatment assessment, and PARPi pharmacodynamic evaluation in cancers and other pathophysiological conditions. Importantly, PARP1‐targeted theranostics have emerged for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in multiple types of cancers, representing a pivotal advancement in personalized oncology. However, its application in brain tumors is limited by the heterogeneous integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the blood‐tumor barrier. Thus, the development of BBB‐penetrant PARP1 tracers remains an unmet need for imaging brain cancers. This review summarizes the current landscape of radiopharmaceuticals and radioligands targeting PARP1, detailing their pharmacological characteristics and potential clinical uses. Furthermore, this review discusses PARP1 tracers that can cross the BBB, underscoring their potential applications in neurooncology and other neurological disorders.
The Products of the Process: Toward Exploring and Expanding the Benefits of Being Creative
Authors: Kaufman James C. , Glăveanu Vlad P.
Published: February 2025

The traditionally studied positive outcomes of creativity tend to be product‐focused, such as Big‐C contributions, good grades, or strong work performance. This paper makes an argument for the importance of less‐discussed products of the process—the benefits that arise from being creative, regardless of one's abilities or level of achievement. These positive outcomes are more tied to such meaning‐related concepts as self‐understanding, feeling one's life is significant and worth living, and gaining both short‐term and long‐term purposes. In highlighting these potential consequences of being creative, we get to question clear separations between processes and products in the field of creativity studies and show that engaging in the creative process itself “produces” experiences that are less tangible or even noticeable but by no means unimportant.
Quantifying potassium bromate in flour using a phase‐transfer headspace strategy
Authors: Gong Yi‐Xian , Xie Wei‐Qi
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

This study introduces a phase‐transfer headspace strategy to establish an efficient and innovative method for quantifying potassium bromate in flour. The method involves detecting carbon dioxide produced from the gas‐producing reaction of potassium bromate in flour with oxalate. The carbon dioxide produced is quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) in a sealed vial.

RESULTS

The study showed that the new technique was very precise (relative standard deviation ≤3.18%) and accurate (relative differences ≤5.37%) for potassium bromate quantification, with low detection limits (limit of detection = 1.83 mg kg−1) and good recovery rates (98.07% to 102.37%).

CONCLUSION

The proposed phase‐transfer headspace strategy offers a fast and simple method for the regular estimation of potassium bromate in flour, providing a valuable tool to ensure the safety and effectiveness of flour‐related products. It can be implemented in a wide variety of contexts from manufacturing to quality control. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiple Solutions for a Variable‐Order p(x,·)$$ p\left(x,\cdotp \right) $$‐Kirchhoff‐Type Problem With Weight
Authors: Azroul E. , Kamali N. , Shimi M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we establish the existence of three weak solutions for a Kirchhoff‐type problem with weight that involves the variable‐order ‐Laplacian operator. We introduce a suitable functional framework for addressing such problems and establish a fundamental continuous and compact embedding theorem of this framework. Using Ricceri's three critical point approach, we prove the existence of weak solutions in the context of weighted variable‐order Sobolev spaces with variable exponents.
Global Existence and Blow‐Up Phenomenon of Solution for a Viscoelastic Wave Equation With Nonlinear Degenerate Damping and Logarithmic Source Term
Authors: Wang Shubin , Du Zijian
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the initial boundary value problem for degenerate damped nonlinear wave equations with logarithmic nonlinearity, given by the equation: in a bounded region with the smooth boundary . We prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution through a combination of constructing an auxiliary problem, employing the Faedo–Galerkin method, and applying the contraction mapping principle under suitable conditions. Subsequently, we establish the existence of a global solution and derive the finite‐time blow‐up results for cases with negative initial energy. Moreover, we propose new conditions for the global solution and demonstrate that the weak solution will blow up in finite time when the initial energy is positive, by considering potential well theory and constructing Lyapunov functions.
Reconstructing Cranial Modification Practices: Methods, Motivations, and Evolution of Occipital Modification in Prehistoric China
Authors: Ran Zhiyu , Zhang Chi , Wang Tao , He Jianing
Published: February 2025

Occipital modification, the predominant form of cranial artificial modification in Prehistoric China, is characterized by its extensive and dense distribution, a rarity globally. This study aims to reconstruct the methods, processes, and motivations underlying occipital modification, investigating its inception, evolution, and eventual cessation in Prehistoric China. Morphological observations were conducted on over 800 individuals from representative sites like Baligang and Chuwan of the Yangshao culture, with 265 well‐preserved skulls subjected to three‐dimensional scanning, modeling, and measurement, segmented into BLG‐E, BLG‐M, and CW groups for detailed analysis. Observations and measurements revealed significant differences in occipital modification among the groups: the BLG‐E group displayed a high modification rate, featuring severe modification with a near‐perpendicular tilt angle and random lateral asymmetry; the BLG‐M group exhibited reduced modification rate and severity, with lateral asymmetry akin to BLG‐E but more variable tilt angles; and the CW group showed moderate occipital modification with variable tilt angles, though with greater central symmetry. Two distinct practices were identified: “primary utilitarian modification,” likely an expedient measure for infant care during early agricultural development, and “standardized symmetrical modification,” reflecting aesthetic preferences during a more mature agricultural stage. Following the transition from utilitarian to aesthetic purposes, the occipital modification disappeared in the Final Neolithic period, during the Longshan culture stage, possibly because of the emergence of new, complex hairstyle trends.
The Roles of Relational Leadership and Employee Satisfaction in the Linkage Between Social Capital and Employee Turnover: A Moderated‐Mediation Analysis
Authors: Aditchere James , Angmortey R.
Published: February 2025

Contrary to the prevailing assumption that social capital inherently fosters job satisfaction within work environments, this study posits that the formation of social groups and interpersonal ties may, in fact, lead to workplace isolation for employees whose belief systems and values diverge from those of dominant social groups. This isolation creates a hostile and unaccommodating environment which dampens work spirit, heightens emotional and psychological exhaustion, and engenders high levels of turnover intentions among workers. In addressing this challenge, the study proposes relational leadership as a crucial management approach that creates a conducive environments where open communication, trust, and collaboration can flourish. The study tests these assumptions on 153 responses from employees working within public and private legal firms in sub‐Saharan Africa–Ghana drawing on the tenets of the social capital theory and the theory of reasoned action. The data were analyzed using OLS regression in SPSS and found that social capital positively influences employee satisfaction. Additionally, relational leadership is found not to condition the relationship between social capital and employee satisfaction. Interestingly, employee satisfaction is found to fully mediate the social capital–employee turnover intention relationship. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are presented in the latter section of the document, as well as avenues for future research.
GLP‐1RA‐induced delays in gastrointestinal motility: Predicted effects on coadministered drug absorption by PBPK analysis
Authors: Hooper Levi , Liu Shuhan , Pai Manjunath P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are breakthrough medicines for obesity treatment and have rapidly gained widespread clinical application. Although GLP‐1RAs are generally not associated with drug–drug interactions (DDIs) via drug metabolism or transporter pathways, their effects on reduced gastrointestinal (GI) motility could influence the pharmacokinetics of coadministered oral medications.

Objectives

This study uses physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to evaluate the DDI potential of GLP‐1RA‐induced GI motility delays.

Methods

Using Certara's Simcyp™ Simulator V23, we modeled the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, metformin, metoprolol, ethinyl estradiol, and digoxin in a virtual cohort of obese adults (n = 1000). GLP‐1RA‐related gastric emptying delays were simulated based on capsule endoscopy data from liraglutide‐treated patients. Results were compared with clinical data from semaglutide and liraglutide users. Additionally, exploratory analyses were conducted on frequently coadministered drugs identified from the 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, including rosuvastatin and dabigatran.

Results

GLP‐1RA‐induced gastric emptying delays led to increased area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and prolonged time to maximum concentration (Tmax) for several medications. The model outputs for rosuvastatin, valsartan, and dabigatran indicate increases in AUC by 64%, 90%, and 205%, respectively. Dabigatran, a narrow therapeutic index anticoagulant, exhibited the most significant changes, raising potential concerns of higher drug exposure.

Conclusions

PBPK modeling suggests that GLP‐1RAs can influence the pharmacokinetics of oral medications by delaying gastric emptying, potentially leading to clinically relevant DDIs. While further clinical validation and pharmacovigilance is needed, these findings highlight the importance of PBPK tools in predicting and potentially mitigating risks associated with GLP‐1RA use.
Relative Efficacy, Effectiveness and Safety of Newer and/or Enhanced Seasonal Influenza Vaccines for the Prevention of Laboratory‐Confirmed Influenza in Individuals Aged 18 years and Over: Update of a Systematic Review
Authors: Askar Mona , Ali Karam Adel , Batke Madeleine , Brugger Timo , Falman Annika , Robertson Anna Hayman , Pérez Jaime Jesús , Johansen Kari , de Jonge Jorgen , Krause Tyra Grove , Külper‐Schiek Wiebe , Meerpohl Joerg J. , Melidou Angeliki , Nohynek Hanna , Olmedo Carmen , Olsson Kate , Pavlopoulou Ioanna , Piechotta Vanessa , Rubin Johanna , Schlaberg Johanna , Schmucker Christine , Siemens Waldemar , Stratil Jan , Učakar Veronika , Wichmann Ole , Harder Thomas
Published: February 2025

We performed an update (last search: 24 July 2023) of a systematic review on relative efficacy/effectiveness (rVE) and safety of newer/enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines in comparison with standard influenza vaccine or in head‐to‐head comparison. Eligible studies investigated adults aged ≥ 18 years, analysed the MF59‐adjuvanted or high‐dose or cell‐based or recombinant or mRNA‐based influenza vaccine and reported rVE or safety in randomised controlled trials (RCT) or non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSI). Of 1561 new entries identified, 17 studies were included. Together with 42 studies identified in the previous primary review they added up to 59 studies, all comparing newer/enhanced with standard seasonal influenza vaccines. Relative VE against laboratory‐confirmed influenza was −30% (95%CI: −146% to 31%) to 88% (51%–100%; 7 NRSI) for the MF59‐adjuvanted vaccine (low certainty of evidence, CoE); 24.2% (9.7%–36.5%; 1 RCT) and −9% (−158% to 54%) to 19% (−27% to 48%; 1 NRSI) for the high‐dose vaccine (moderate CoE); −5.8% (−36.1% to 17.7%) to 21.4% (−7.3% to 42.4%; 2 NRSI) for the cell‐based vaccine (low CoE); 30% (10%–47%; 1 RCT) and 3% (−31% to 28%) to 19% (−27% to 48%; 1 NRSI) for the recombinant vaccine (moderate CoE), respectively. Relative VE against laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐related hospitalisation was 59.2% (14.6%–80.5%; 1 NRSI) for the MF59‐adjuvanted (moderate CoE); 27% (−1 to 48%; 1 NRSI) for the high‐dose (low CoE); 8.5% (−75.9% to 52.3%; 1 NRSI) for the cell‐based (low CoE); −7.3% (−52.1% to 24.4%) to 16.3% (−8.7% to 35.5%; 1 RCT) for the recombinant vaccine. No increased risk of serious adverse events was detected for any vaccine (12 RCT, 7 NRSI; low CoE). While all have a favourable safety profile, evidence on rVE of newer/enhanced vaccines is still limited, warranting further studies.
The case for static range nitrogen management in Idaho sugarbeet production
Authors: Tarkalson David D. , Olsen Davey , Bjorneberg David L. , Rogers Christopher W.
Published: February 2025

Nitrogen (N) management is important in sugarbeet production because it affects yield and quality. As Idaho sugarbeet yields continued to increase over the preceding decades, crop response data suggested that the established and utilized yield goal N management (YGNM) method for determining N requirements was leading to the overapplication of N fertilizer. This paper evaluates N supply effects on sugarbeet yields from 26 research site‐years from 2005 to 2021. The use of an alternate static range N management (SRNM) approach was compared to the historically used YGNM approach. Data from 1977 to 2021 show that the N supply needed to produce maximum yields is within a narrow range. For N responsive sites, the N supply range required to produce maximum root and sucrose yields was 202–222 kg N ha−1. Our analysis shows that over time the YGNM approach has increasingly over recommended N supply. At the 12 N responsive site‐years, the YGNM N recommendations supplied an average of 61 kg N ha−1 more than needed to maximize yield. Over 80% of fields in the Amalgamated Sugar Company growing area are oversupplying N relative to the SRNM range. Data suggest N supply affects sugarbeet quality factors to a lesser degree than historically thought. Nitrogen supply did not affect root yields in 14 of the 26 site‐years, likely a result of high in‐season N mineralization and other microbiome effects. We recommend that SRNM (200–225 kg N ha−1) replace YGNM for sugarbeet production in Idaho.
Slot‐Die Coating of Ammonium Salt Passivation Layer for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Liu Xinjie , Zhu Yanqing , Zhang Bo , Chen Jiahui , Duan Bingxin , Hu Min , Hou Peiran , Pan Junye , Pan Yuchen , Luo Qiqing , Li Yanxi , Wang Yijie , Liu Kan , Lu Jianfeng
Published: February 2025

Scaling up high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while avoiding losses in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a challenging task. Surface passivation of the perovskite film has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to mitigate PCE losses. However, there is limited research on scalable surface passivation techniques. Herein, we studied how to develop a slot‐die coating technique applying for passivation layers to PSCs, which can be adapted for industrial‐scale production. Molecular structure of passivators and coating parameters have been systematically optimized to achieve high‐quality film morphology, which enable effectively inhibition of interface recombination. As a result, champion efficiencies of 22.4% for small‐size solar cells (0.16 cm2) and 18.3% for solar modules (10.0 cm2) have been achieved with 4‐bromophenethylammonium chloride. Moreover, the encapsulated solar cells retained 89% of their initial performance after continuous operation under 100 mW·cm2 illumination for 400 h.
Parameter Selection of General Signal Delay Superposition Operator Used for Real‐Time Detection of Single‐Phase Fundamental and Harmonics
Authors: Tian Wenjun , Tian Mingxing , Su Hongsheng , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

To acquire quickly and accurately the real‐time information of fundamental waves and specified harmonics is a prerequisite for harmonic control. Generalized delayed signal superposition operator (GDSS) is a numerical detection method for fundamental and harmonic real‐time information, and its detection accuracy and real‐time performance are closely related to the GDSS operator parameters. Based on the basic principles of the GDSS operator, this paper proposes a formula method and a search method for the selection of operator parameters and reveals the quantitative relationship between detection accuracy and real‐time performance. According to the signal harmonic distribution characteristics, the formula method and the search method are employed respectively to obtain the GDSS operator parameters that reduce the computational complexity and improve real‐time performance while meeting the requirements of detection accuracy. The simulation example shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and provides a further theoretical basis for the actual use of GDSS. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Organic Representation as a Critical Media Approach to Leadership Studies in Popular Culture
Authors: Sarkissian Raffi
Published: February 2025

This article applies the critical media concept of organic representation to leadership studies as an analytic of how various creators in popular culture today are not just writing inclusive storytelling but, more notably, modeling new modes of production and self‐presentation that are actively challenging hegemonic industry practices and larger cultural ideologies around power, equity, leadership, and success. In conversation with leadership for liberation (see Patterson‐Stephens et al. in this issue), I employ an interdisciplinary approach that bridges critical leadership models with critical media analysis to place their aligned perspectives in direct conversation with one another. In pursuant of adding critical media analysis to the leadership studies toolkit, this article applies organic representation to an original analysis of the television series Reservation Dogs and advocates for a critical interrogation of media storytelling, production, and distribution to better understand represented communities also as stakeholders in pop culture narratives.
Yeast Genome Mutagenesis With Multi‐Mismatch PCR: A Rapid and Efficient Strategy for Site‐Directed Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cao Shuaihua , Ding Yixin , Li Mingtao , You Xiaoyu , Xu Jingfei , Mei Kunrong
Published: February 2025

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) provides an array of cost‐effective and time‐efficient methods for diverse genome modifications. Among these techniques, site‐directed mutagenesis of target genes is a powerful strategy to elucidate intricate structure–function relationships and create specific mutations. While various PCR‐based and CRISPR/Cas9‐based methods have been developed for introducing point mutations into the S. cerevisiae genome, they often involve multiple steps. In this study, we presented a rapid and effective site‐directed mutagenesis strategy using one‐step multi‐mismatch PCR, termed Yeast Genome Mutagenesis with Multi‐mismatch PCR (YGMMP). YGMMP incorporated multiple synonymous mutations proximal to the target point mutations, along with a selection marker cassette and flanking homologous sequences, into the gene segment spanning from the desired mutation to the gene's terminus through overlap PCR. The resulting PCR product was introduced into yeast cells to facilitate the selection of target variants. As a proof of concept, we applied YGMMP to generate an ADE2 mutant. The results demonstrated that the introduction of five and nine synonymous mutations, in addition to the desired single‐point mutation, yielded mutagenesis efficiencies of approximately 20% and 30%, respectively. This rapid, straightforward, and efficient method has the potential to greatly simplify site‐specific modifications within the S. cerevisiae genome.
An Adversarial Attack Method for Multivariate Time Series Classification Based on AdvGAN
Authors: Wang Yubo , He Hui , Zhang Peng , Ma Yuanchi , Lei Zhongxiang , Niu Zhendong
Published: February 2025

Considering the complexity of time series data and real-world applications, multivariate time series classification models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Although existing white-box attack strategies have made progress in generating adversarial samples, they rely on access to the target model’s parameters, training data, and gradients. Therefore, we apply AdvGAN framework for multivariate time series classification. AdvGAN is designed as a framework based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), encompassing a generator, discriminator. The generator creates multivariate perturbations, and the perturbations combine with original data to form adversarial samples. The discriminator assesses the authenticity of these samples. These samples are then used to evaluate the security of the target model. We conducts experiments across three University of East Anglia (UEA) and University of California Riverside (UCR) datasets, employing the Multivariate Long Short Term Memory Fully Convolutional Network (MLSTM_FCN) as the target model for adversarial attack testing. The results indicate that our designed attack method effectively enhances the success rate of adversarial attacks while maintaining a similar level of Mean Squared Error (MSE) between the generated adversarial samples and the original samples.
EffiNet: An Efficient, Low-Complexity Neural Network for Monocular Depth Estimation on Embedded Devices
Authors: Tu Xiaohan , Zhang Chuanhao , Zhuang Haiyan , Sang Zhen , Liu Mengran
Published: February 2025

Monocular Depth Estimation (MDE) plays an important role in many fields. However, current MDE requires complex models that are computationally intensive and unsuitable for real-time applications. Some MDE methods also have a high memory access frequency (MAF), leading to substantial data transfer demands. This paper presents EffiNet, a novel network structure designed for MDE. We emphasize high performance and lightweight computing. EffiNet significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining accurate depth estimation by utilizing MobileNetV2 as the backbone for the encoder. The newly designed decoding algorithm optimizes the model by implementing block processing strategies, efficient upsampling, and point convolution operations. The decoder enhances performance under various scene conditions while keeping computational costs low. This approach also minimizes MAF, thereby reducing data transmission requirements and improving execution speed and energy efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that EffiNet achieves a reduction in inference time by at least 18.18% on Jetson Nano and 24.39% on Jetson TX2, and a maximum 96.07% reduction in computational complexity (FLOPs), compared to existing methods. Additionally, the accuracy index

$$\delta _1$$

δ
1

shows an improvement of 0.44% to 65.70%. These results validate the superior performance and suitability of resource-constrained mobile and edge computing devices. These advancements position EffiNet as an innovative solution in the field of MDE, capable of delivering high efficiency and reducing resource consumption.
A Review on the Large Language Model Augmented Knowledge Graph Question Answer: Task, Model, Advance and Outlook
Authors: Yu Rongdong , Wang Dou , Jia Xiaoyan , Jiang Zhifeng , Zhang Zhenwei
Published: February 2025

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked a new wave in the domain of knowledge engineering. To gain deeper insights into the transformations catalyzed by LLMs to the field of Knowledge Graphs, this paper conducted a research around Knowledge Graph Question Answer (KGQA) task, and summarized the application forms of LLMs in KGQA task as well as the performance enhancement they brought. First, the paper provided a concise and comprehensive introduction to the KGQA task, focusing on its definition, methods, datasets, and evaluation metrics. Then the application of LLMs in KGQA task was discussed. Next, using three typical KGQA datasets as references, the accuracy improvement of LLM-augmented KGQA methods was visually demonstrated. From the comparison of results, it could be found that using LLM as a module in the general framework of KGQA methods could effectively improve the accuracy of the answers. Moreover, with the advancement of technology, LLMs were expected to be break away from the general framework of KGQA methods and directly answer the KGQA questions in zero-shot scenarios. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the challenges that exist when LLMs applied to KGQA task.
Digital Twin for Power Load Forecasting
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Cong Riyu , Wang Ruihong , Wang Zhihui
Published: February 2025

In this work, a novel Digital Twin model using attention mechanism integrated with LSTM to forecast the future power load of a specific user is developed. The power load prediction research is done in detail by taking into account important factors such as temperature, humidity, and the price of electricity. Therefore, LSTM networks are adopted for deep learning of the historical power load data, while the attention mechanism is used to assign weights to the significance of various factors that affect the power load and make better predictions of the future power load. The results of the presented experiment show the improved prediction accuracy and stability of the model in comparison with the existing power load prediction models. The present study also introduces a new and effective method for the power load forecasting.
Application of Quality Function Deployment in Assessing Unmanned Assault Capabilities for Mountain Counter-Terrorism Operations
Authors: Yang Jianrong , Li Qixiang , Zhang Shubing
Published: February 2025

Employing the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, this study systematically analyzes the assault capabilities required of unmanned equipment in mountain counter-terrorism operations.The complex requirements of counter-terrorism missions were transformed into specific equipment capability requirements, and the main tactical indicators that should be possessed in unmanned equipment assault in mountain counter-terrorism were clarified. This method helps researchers to more accurately grasp the essence of anti-terrorism tasks and ensure that the equipment developed can meet the needs of actual combat.
Four-twist effects and monodromy in symmetric orbifold CFTs
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun D.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Symmetric orbifold CFTs contain twist operators that can join and split copies of the CFT, leading to the creation of pairs from the vacuum. In this paper, we study the pair creation processes involving four twist-2 operators. In addition to the pair creation previously observed purely in the left or right moving sectors, we find a novel mixing between left and right movers during pair creation. This phenomenon arises from nontrivial monodromy conditions that originate from a genus-one covering surface, where left and right movers become coupled through the torus.
Lipidomic insights on abdominal aortic aneurysm and peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Ferreira Helena Beatriz , Trindade Fábio , Nogueira-Ferreira Rita , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Ferreira Rita , Dias-Neto Marina , Domingues M. Rosário
Published: February 2025

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are two cardiovascular diseases associated with considerable morbidity, mortality and quality of life impairment. As they are multifactorial diseases, several factors contribute to their pathogenesis, including oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and these may have key roles in the development of these pathologies. Alterations of the lipid metabolism and lipid profile have been reported in cardiovascular diseases but to a lesser extent in AAA and PAD. Modifications in the profile of some molecular lipid species, in particular, native phospholipid and triglyceride species were mainly reported for AAA, while alterations in the fatty acid profile were noticed in the case of PAD. Oxidized phospholipids were also reported for AAA. Although AAA and PAD have a common atherosclerotic root, lipidomics demonstrates the existence of distinct lipid. Lipidomic research regarding AAA and PAD is still scarce and should be set in motion to increase the knowledge on the lipid changes that occur in these diseases, contributing not only to the discovery of new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis assessment but also to tailor precision medicine in the clinical field.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of dual-wavelength inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core fibers
Authors: Chen Bowen , Kühlthau Tim , Kleem Götz , Graf Thomas , Abdou Ahmed Marwan
Published: February 2025

The present paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of an 8-tube inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (IC-HCPCF) capable of guiding both the beam emitted from an Yb:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength of

$$\lambda =1030 \text{nm}$$

λ
=
1030
nm

and its second harmonic at

$$\lambda =515 \text{nm}$$

λ
=
515
nm

. By controlling the strut thickness of the glass capillaries to approximately

$$362 \text{nm}$$

362
nm

, the transmission of laser radiation at both wavelengths was possible with low losses. Optimizing the outer diameter of the glass capillaries mitigates the bending-induced increase of the confinement loss at the wavelength of

$$515 \text{nm}$$

515
nm

without compromising the optical performance of the fiber at the wavelength of

$$1030 \text{nm}$$

1030
nm

. Experimental results confirm the near to diffraction-limited beam quality

$$\left({M}^{2}<1.15\right)$$

M

2

<
1.15

of the laser beams exiting the fiber at both operational wavelengths. Operating in the first transmission band at the wavelength of

$$1030 \text{nm}$$

1030
nm

, the calculated chromatic dispersion is

$$1.02 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$

1.02
ps
/
(
nm
∙
km
)

, despite a diameter of the hollow core of

$$40 \mu \text{m}$$

40
μ
m

. At the wavelength of

$$515 \text{nm}$$

515
nm

this value amounts to

$$0.62 \text{ps}/(\text{nm}\bullet \text{km})$$

0.62
ps
/
(
nm
∙
km
)

. The measured losses are

$$27.5\pm 0.3 \text{dB}/\text{km}$$

27.5
±
0.3
dB
/
km

at the wavelength of

$$515\text{ nm}$$

515

nm

and

$$25.7\pm 0.7 \text{dB}/\text{km}$$

25.7
±
0.7
dB
/
km

at the wavelength of

$$1030\text{ nm}$$

1030

nm

, which is comparable to the loss of state-of-the-art IC-HCPCFs with tubular cladding structures. The measured bending-induced increase of the confinement losses confirms the potential of the proposed approach for flexible, low-loss guiding of ultrashort laser pulses at the two wavelengths using a single fiber. This gained flexibility can significantly enhance the options for wavelength selection in laser material processing applications.
Assessing the influence of bias correction of boundary conditions, spectral nudging and model parameterisation on model errors and climate change signals for regional climate model simulations
Authors: Wamahiu Karuru , Kala Jatin , Evans Jason
Published: February 2025

Some of the most important considerations when undertaking dynamical downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) using regional climate models are the choice of model physical parameterisations, the use of spectral nudging, and whether to bias correct the driving GCMs prior to downscaling. While each of these factors have been extensively examined, very few studies have compared the effect of all 3 on model biases against independent observations during the historical period, as well as the change in future climate. We carry out this analysis and focus on the CORDEX-Australasia domain with all simulations driven using a common GCM. We found that the choice of model parameterisaton schemes had by far the largest influence on model biases and the change in climate, especially for precipitation during summer. While bias correction reduced large systematic biases for some variables in some regions, it also increased biases elsewhere, and results were not consistent for all variables. Our results show that it is important to first assess the performance of non-corrected GCM-driven simulations against the reference re-analysis driven simulations, as bias correction may not be necessary if the GCM-driven simulation already performs well compared to the reference simulation. Spectral nudging had a limited influence on both model biases and the change in climate, except for summer precipitation in the tropics. While we only use a single RCM and a single GCM, our key finding is that given limited computational and data resources, regional climate modelling groups should prioritize a multi-physics ensemble of the RCM to better account for internal physics-driven variability, over the use of bias-correction or spectral nudging.
Yellow barley xan-m mutants are deficient in the motor unit SECA1 of the SEC1 translocase system
Authors: Stuart David , Ivanova Anastasiia , Zakhrabekova Shakhira , Hansson Mats
Published: February 2025

Main conclusion

Chloroplast protein transport depends on the SEC1 translocase. Barley xan-m mutants, deficient in SECA1, lack chlorophyll and die as seedlings. Their yellow phenotype indicates that carotenoid chemistry is less SEC1-dependent.

Chloroplast proteins encoded by genes located in the cell nucleus need to be transported across up to three chloroplast membranes to find its correct location. SEC1 is one of the major translocase systems. In plants, SEC1 consists of three proteins (SECA1, SECY1 and SECE1) and transports substrate proteins over the thylakoid membrane. SECA1 is an ATPase that delivers the substrate protein to the SECY1–SECE1 channel. In the present study, we analyzed five allelic barley xan-m mutants, which had been isolated between 1925 and 1957. The mutants belong to a larger collection of barley mutants deficient in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Mutations in the xan-m gene are recessive and result in a yellow phenotype due to lack of chlorophyll and presence of carotenoids. Mutant seedlings die after approximately 10 days. We identified the defective gene in the xan-m mutants by a variant of bulk segregant analysis. The gene xan-m is an orthologue of SECA1 in Arabidopsis. Previously, only genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis have been identified in the collection of barley xan mutants. The yellow phenotype of the mutants demonstrates that proteins responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage are not or less dependent on an intact SEC1 translocase.
Main bearing response in a waked 15-MW floating wind turbine in below-rated conditions
Authors: Krathe Veronica Liverud , Thedin Regis , Jonkman Jason M. , Nejad Amir R. , Bachynski-Polić Erin E.
Published: February 2025

Increased wind turbine size raises unknowns related to structural flexibility. Moreover, moving to deeper waters, component reliability becomes more critical. This work investigates main bearing response dependence on drivetrain flexibility and wake impingement in a two-turbine wind farm. A 15-MW floating direct-drive turbine is considered. Large eddy simulations (LES) are employed to model neutral, stable and unstable atmospheric conditions at below-rated mean wind speed, while the engineering codes OpenFAST and FAST.Farm simulate turbine and wake behavior. Results indicate significant sensitivities in fatigue estimates to lateral distance between the upstream and downstream turbine. The trends are most substantial in stable conditions, where the waked downwind main bearing sees twice the fatigue damage estimates of the upstream turbine for one position and 50% for another. Main bearing fatigue sensitivity to drivetrain flexibility is minor, while properly including generator rotor inertia loads is important for the axial forces of the locating (axially fixed) bearing, especially in stable conditions.
Decoding online brand-related activities: unveiling motivations, experiences, and personality factors in social commerce
Authors: Azad Moghddam Hamed , Ahmadi Hormoz , Barari Mojtaba
Published: February 2025

This study explores factors shaping consumer online brand-related activities (COBRAs) in social commerce, comprising consumption, contribution, and creation behaviours. Study 1, using netnography, analysed 578,235 comments on 10 social media brand pages, aiming to establish a theoretical framework for understanding consumer motivations and resulting COBRA behaviours. Study 2, a survey involving 574 consumers, identified that extrinsic and intrinsic motives directly influence COBRA behaviours, independently or through web-based experiences, specifically absorption and overall satisfaction. Consumers' personality traits, particularly their perception of social risk, act as boundary constraints. The findings contribute to marketing communications and segmentation and provide insights for social commerce content marketing and brand management.
The Curious Incident of Crick in the Night-Time and Other Asilomar Enigmas
Authors: Cobb Matthew
Published: February 2025

In 1971, Paul Berg asked Francis Crick about his views on a controversial proposed experiment involving recombinant DNA; to Berg’s surprise, Crick had no comment to make. This article first describes the multiple reasons why Crick did not respond to Berg, including psychological factors that affected Crick at the time, the limits of his unstated reflexively positivist approach to social issues, and his reluctance to pursue social or political issues when challenged. Crick’s lack of involvement in discussions about recombinant DNA, including in the Asilomar process, is then used to explore two other notable absences from Asilomar: the immunologist Niels Jerne, who was invited to be on the organizing committee but was not involved for reasons that are unclear; and molecular biologist and biological weapons campaigner Matthew Meselson, whose presence would have added a layer of understanding to the discussions, particularly regarding the threat of bioweapons. These enigmatic absences raise questions about the representativeness of Asilomar and suggest future investigations as to how the legacy of Asilomar was shaped both by those who were present–and by those who were not.
Food quality influencing growth and survival rates of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)-Compensation for growth limitation due to low water temperatures?
Authors: Grunicke Felix , Hose Thea , von Einem Thomas , Wagner Annekatrin , von Elert Eric , Berendonk Thomas
Published: February 2025

Human impacts have led to dramatic declines of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (FPM) and to a shift of its main distribution areas to more undisturbed but colder headwaters. In this study, we investigated whether feeding on high-quality food (i.e. food rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) can compensate for growth limitations due to low water temperatures and whether food quality influences the survival rate of juvenile FPM. Therefore, we conducted feeding experiments with juvenile FPM at three different temperatures (11, 15 and 19°C) and with three different food sources. Afterwards, mussels were reared in cages in a stream to analyse survival during the first winter. Our results showed that food quality can compensate to some extent for growth limitations due to low water temperatures, but sufficiently high growth rates of juvenile FPM can only be achieved by the availability of high-quality food in warmer (> 15°C) environments. The availability of high-quality food during the main growing season also improves the survival of FPM over the first winter. Consequently, restoration efforts must aim to restore habitats in the historical main distribution areas of FPM and to create habitat conditions that allow the development of high-quality food.
Recent advances in freshwater zooplankton in a conservation hotspot: Türkiye case
Authors: Akyıldız Gürçay Kıvanç , Altındağ Ahmet , Tavşanoğlu Ülkü Nihan
Published: February 2025

Freshwater ecosystems are vital for providing essential services such as water supply and food production. However, increasing human demands have led to significant environmental degradation in these ecosystems. Türkiye, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot, faces numerous threats from altered flow regimes, land-use changes, pollution, and invasive species. Despite these challenges, Türkiye’s diverse environments support a rich assemblage of zooplankton, with over 662 identified taxa spanning rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of zooplankton research at both global and national (Türkiye) levels to understand research trends, identify knowledge gaps, and highlight key areas of focus. Globally, stress factors and climate change dominate the research agenda, whereas, in Türkiye, topics such as abundance, diversity, water quality, and bioindicators have gained attention, albeit with relatively low frequency. Since 2013, these themes have shaped the direction of Turkish zooplankton research. The findings of this study emphasize the need for targeted research to better understand the impacts of environmental stressors on zooplankton communities in Türkiye, while also contributing to the global discourse on ecosystem functionality. By using zooplankton as key biotic indicators, this research offers insights into ecosystem health, providing critical information for future conservation and management efforts.
Bioethics as a language game: probing the quality of moral guidance in principlism
Authors: Vest Matthew
Published: February 2025

This essay asks what quality of moral guidance is offered via the language of principlism, the lingua franca of bioethics. In particular, I suggest three approaches to principlist language via Kant, Rawls, and Wittgenstein. A ‘top down’ Kantian view of language would seem to offer ‘pure’ or ‘crystalline’ moral guidance as autonomy, beneficence, non–maleficence, and justice function as linguistic links to draw us towards universal values up or out there to engage. While drawing upon Rawls, Beauchamp and Childress differ importantly by citing a universal morality grounded in reflective equilibrium amongst citizens. Principlism, hence, possesses a democratic form where the common morality depends upon a historically consistent majority position; what is ‘universal’ arises from political ‘bottom up’ discourses and processes. Wittgenstein, however, offers a notably different view of language that embraces the mystical and aesthetic realities of ‘the ethical’ while also affirming the grounding of language in everyday contexts. Not unlike the Stoics, language for Wittgenstein is ascetic in that it is a practice, a formative exercise that reveals the humility of language as an immanent ‘game’ that should nevertheless inspire one towards ‘the ethical.’