bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A description of a unique paramedic role in a Canadian emergency department
Authors: Clarke Benjamin J , Campbell Samuel G , Froese Patrick , Mann Karen
Published: June 2019

Background:

Paramedics are known for their role in prehospital emergency medical services. In response to healthcare system overcrowding, and increased demands on emergency departments, roles for paramedics have emerged in hospitals.

Aims:

The authors describe a well established paramedic role in the emergency department of a busy regional referral centre, highlighting the successes and challenges of the programme.

Methods:

In this phenomenological study, six paramedics employed at the Charles V. Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre were interviewed. Interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis.

Findings:

Paramedics at the centre are involved in resuscitation, trauma, critical care transport, airway management, and procedural sedation. Performing procedural sedation is an important part of the role and is perhaps where paramedics have had their greatest impact within the department.

Conclusions:

The diverse scope of practice paramedics maintain at this centre allows them to work where the need is highest within the department, ultimately improving department flow.
Modeling the Relations Among Sustained Attention, Short-Term Memory, and Language in Down Syndrome
Authors: Faught Gayle G. , Conners Frances A.
Published: June 2019

Sustained attention (SA) and short-term memory (STM) contribute to language function in Down syndrome (DS). We proposed models in which relations of SA to language in DS are mediated by STM. Thirty-seven youth with DS aged 10–22 years (M = 15.59) completed SA, STM, and language tasks. Cross-sectional mediation analyses were run with the bootstrapping method. We found significant indirect effects of SA separately on vocabulary and syntax through auditory STM with point estimates of −.30 and −.31, respectively. Results suggest lapses in SA compromise auditory STM, which in turn impacts vocabulary and syntax in youth with DS; however, further research is needed to confirm causality. Addressing SA and STM in language therapy with youth with DS could lead to improved outcomes.
Computer Assisted Instruction to Teach Academic Content to Students With Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Snyder Sara , Huber Heartley
Published: June 2019

Special educators are relying more heavily on computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs to teach academic content to students with intellectual disability (ID) than ever before. Research in this area is growing; however, no formal review of the literature has been conducted to examine the efficacy of using CAI to teach academic content to students with ID. This review explores the nature of academic content taught to students with ID using CAI, the CAI programs used to provide instruction, research methodology, and student learning outcomes associated with CAI. We also address gaps in the research while making suggestions for focusing future efforts to keep pace with changes in technology and the increasing implementation of CAI in special education classrooms.
Exchange-traded funds as an alternative investment option
Authors: Afonso António , Cardoso Pedro
Published: June 2019

We conduct an analysis of Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs), Index and Equity mutual funds and their respective benchmark during the 2010-2015 period for the Portuguese fund industry. For the period 2010-2017, we test ETFs for price inefficiency (existence of deviations between prices and the Net Asset Value) and persistence. We find that the studied ETF does not always outperform index funds in replicating the variations of the PSI 20 index, despite exhibiting better tracking ability when facing downside deviations of the benchmark and a better capacity of smoothing tracking deviations. Regarding ETFs price efficiency and its persistence, the study reveals that the examined ETF is priced at a low average discount with evidence of deviations persistence of at least two days. The investment schemes with the highest ability to track the PSI 20 Index were PSI20 (ETF), BBVA PPA Índice PSI20, and the equity mutual fund BPI Portugal.
Impact of double taxation treaties on cross-border acquisitions
Authors: Pinto Catarina , Sousa Miguel
Published: June 2019

In order to evaluate the impact of Double Taxation Treaties (DTTs) on the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), we analysed the impact of a DTT implementation on both the number of cross-border acquisitions and the average value of M&A deals between companies from the countries that signed the DTT. Moreover, the impact of DTTs on the takeover bid premiums is analysed in order to access if companies are willing to pay higher premiums after the DTT is implemented and whether the impact on the premium is immediate or gradual. Overall, our findings lead us to conclude that DTTs effectively promote FDI.
Nafisa: reivindicar los derechos de las mujeres a través de un personaje literario de Naguib Mahfuz
Authors: Garrido Carrasco Vicenta
Published: June 2019

A partir del personaje literario femenino de Nafisa que aparece en la novela Principio y fin de Naguib Mahfuz, queremos poner de manifiesto la discriminación y la marginalidad que sufría la mujer árabe de clase media y baja en El Cairo antes de 1952, teniendo siempre presente su contexto. Utilizaremos como metodología el análisis cualitativo, para extraer datos suficientes, contextualizados desde el punto de vista social y cultural, transparentes y replicables. Tras el análisis podemos concluir que Mahfuz, a través del personaje de Nafisa, quiere revindicar los derechos de las mujeres y la considera una víctima social –dócil, generosa, sumisa y sin connotaciones negativas– en una sociedad murmuradora y de doble moral concebida por y para el hombre. La muerte de su padre y su fealdad no le permitirán que aspire a lo que las otras mujeres de su entorno pueden aspirar, y ello contribuirá a su trágico final.
Análisis de la comunicación de Greenpeace desde una perspectiva ecofeminista
Authors: Gómez-Santo Tomás Berta , Medina-Bravo Pilar
Published: June 2019

Con el objetivo general de analizar las interrelaciones entre ecologismo y feminismo se ha elaborado una plantilla de análisis (TIGE, Tabla de Indicadores del Grado de Ecofeminismo) confeccionada a partir de la teoría ecofeminista de Alicia Puleo (Ecofeminismo para otro mundo posible; «El ecofeminismo y sus compañeros») y se aplica a 58 textos de la organización ecologista y pacifista Greenpeace como estudio de caso. Del análisis se desprende en qué aspectos Greenpeace se aproxima a los postulados ecofeministas y en cuáles se mantiene más alejada. A partir de los datos, se reflexiona acerca de qué manera la teoría ecofeminista puede ayudar a que las organizaciones ecologistas participen en la larga tarea por la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el marco de los esfuerzos por la sostenibilidad.
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. La ciudad, su litoral y su puerto
Authors: Ramón Ojeda Antonio Ángel , González Morales Alejandro
Published: June 2019

La ciudad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria es una urbe atlántica que derivó en área metropolitana ya avanzada su historia. El hecho de ser encrucijada de rutas e influencias humanas, comerciales y culturales, la convierte en un espacio de profunda vocación marítima. La ciudad quedó inicialmente confinada a un espacio reducido, entre el mar, por naciente, y un relieve de disposición norte-sur que representó durante siglos el límite occidental de expansión urbana. El objeto del presente trabajo es estudiar la transformación del litoral capitalino en relación al proceso de origen y desarrollo del puerto y la consecuente expansión urbana. Las fuentes básicas son el archivo de la Autoridad Portuaria de Las Palmas, la Oficina de Planeamiento del Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Museo Canario, fondo cartográfico y fotografías aéreas del Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, fondo fotográfico de la Fundación para el Estudio y Desarrollo de la Artesanía Canaria (Fedac). Se realiza un estudio diacrónico y se establecen etapas del proceso.
Principio de Subsidiariedad en los programas europeos de desarrollo rural: LEADER después de la Agenda 2000 en Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: Tirado Ballesteros Juan Gabriel
Published: June 2019

LEADER, más allá de ser un programa de desarrollo rural, simboliza un cambio de paradigma en la gobernanza territorial de los espacios rurales. Esta metodología irrumpió en los años 90 en sintonía con las corrientes de desarrollo local y modernizaría los modelos de intervención pública. A pesar del potencial que supone, se han observado ciertas deficiencias en su aplicación. Los objetivos de este artículo son proporcionar una evaluación operativa de los programas europeos de desarrollo rural basados en la metodología LEADER y explorar los niveles de gestión de los programas. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas a gerentes de Grupos de Acción Local (GAL) tomando como estudio de caso la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Las restricciones normativas contrarias al principio de subsidiariedad, las características socioculturales de la población local, los localismos, la integración de las políticas con los sectores estratégicos o la falta de identidad territorial se identificaron como las principales debilidades en el diseño y aplicación de los programas con enfoque LEADER.
Reseña de Atlas de Geografía Humana de España
Authors: Plaza Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2019

De muy reciente aparición, y casi coincidiendo en el tiempo con el Atlas Nacional de España del siglo XXI (ANEXXI), la publicación que bajo este título ahora se reseña es una obra colectiva, dirigida por Gaspar Fernández Cuesta (Universidad de Oviedo), pero en la que han participado doce autores, la mayor parte de ellos del estudio ovetense (9), a los que se unen dos de la Universidad de Valladolid y uno de la de Sevilla. El producto: una obra coral muy bien orquestada, perfectamente dirigida, magistralmente interpretada.
Effectiveness of Endoparsitoid Wasp AenasiusArizonensis (Girault) as a Successful Bio-Control of Cotton Mealy Bug, PhenacoccusSolenopsis Tinsley, in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Authors: Mohamed Nawal Ahmed , Taha Awad KhalafAlla , Adam Abubaker Haroun Mohamed
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endophagous Encyrtid parasitic wasp Aenasiusarizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), as a natural enemy for controlling the Mealybug, Phenacoccussolenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Where a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was adopted. Both, field survey and Laboratory experiments were conducted to study some biological characteristics of the parasitoid A. arizonensis. The results of field study revealed that, the parasitioid was available most of the year, and was highly effective on adults and last larval instar of the mealy bug, P. Solenopsis, with a total percentage of parasitism of 31.26%. While the laboratory results showed that, the duration from oviposition to adult emergence were similar for both male and female. Longevity of male was 23± 2.33 days and female 23.37±1.89 days. Mean daily fecundity in terms of number of Parasitized hosts /female / day ranged from 20 to 24. The sex ratio was 1:1.6 for the male and female in the progeny. Generally, a mass rearing of this parasitoid, with a conservation and augmentation releases could help in the application of an effective management strategy for the control of the cotton mealy bug in the field.
Brazilian grooves and cultured clichés
Authors: Bystron Janco Boy , Santana Chico
Published: June 2019

In »Brazilian Grooves and cultured clichés« the percussionists and ethnomusicologists Janco Boy Bystron and Chico Santana present a method for analysing the musical differences between Brazilian and German percussion groups playing samba rhythms. They aim to ascertain what kinds of musical macro- and microstructures are subsumed under the term samba and how these structures differ in Germany and Brazil. The method is based on a model that connects musical performance forms with the concept of transcultural identity.
A Elite do atraso: uma reflexão sobre mecanismos de controle, patrimonialismo, corrupção Estatal e a corrupção invisível do mercado
Authors: Giselle Paiva Rezende
Published: June 2019

Resenha do livro:

SOUZA, Jessé. A elite do atraso: da escravidão à lava jato. Rio de Janeiro: Leya, 2017.
La evaluación en AICLE: dificultades y oportunidades
Authors: Morton Tom
Published: June 2019

La evaluación en contextos de enseñanza bilingüe en los que el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas extranjeras (AICLE) suele percibirse entre los profesores y los padres como un problema. Este artículo trata de aclarar y normalizar los problemas que conlleva una evaluación en AICLE y trata de demostrar cómo una evaluación puede utilizarse no solo para medir sino también para potenciar el aprendizaje tanto de los contenidos como de la lengua.
Metodologías y procesos para mejorar la enseñanza de ciencias a través del inglés en un centro de difícil desempeño
Authors: Morán del Río Rebeca
Published: June 2019

Este artículo relata la experiencia y los cambios metodológicos y procedimentales implementados para mejorar la enseñanzaaprendizaje de las ciencias a través del inglés, en un colegio público bilingüe de Educación Infantil y Primaria clasificado de especial dificultad, por tratarse de difícil desempeño. Enfatiza el reto al que se enfrentan centros en contextos socioeducativos vulnerables y que imparten asignaturas a través de una lengua extranjera.
Rethinking Scholarly Commentary in the Age of Google
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: June 2019

Recently theorists have suggested that the lens of the social text demystifies an editor’s role, positing that texts may be most profitably constructed as a collective conversation between all of the various agents involved in their production and reception. This paper considers these theories in light of studies of group cognition to suggest that modern readers’ new relationship to digital information upsets an editor’s traditional position as an authority while simultaneously offering a valuable opportunity for reframing discussions about the reliability and accessibility of scholarly evidence.
Studi kualitatif faktor yang mempengaruhi orang tua dalam pemberian makan anak autis
Authors: Camelia Rusda , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi , Nissa Choirun
Published: June 2019

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have problem in metabolism which makes them have limited food intake. The implementation of the diet is influenced by eating behaviors in children with ASD and parents in feeding children.Objective: This study was to analyze eating behaviors and factors influencing parents on child’s feeding.Methods: This quallitative study was using in-dept interviews to parents as informants. Observations related to children's eating habits and behaviors also conducted in this study. FFQ was also conducted to measure gluten and casein consumptions. The retrieval of subjects through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, there was 8 children with ASD aged 6-14 years old with their care taker as informans who were willing to join this study. Results: Children with ASD have unique food preferention and able to expres hunger and satiety amid the limitatins of social interaction. Gluten intake is more often consumed (26,63 times/week) than casein (5,25 times/week). 25% parents are implementating the diet and based on knowledges, obey the doctor or terapies, improve children’s behavioral experiences after diet, motivation, skills in processing food diets, purchasing power, and family supports. Parents are not implementating the diet because of children’s responses, informant’s worries, sibling behaviors who offer non-dietary food, limited dietary food in arround, and limited time to process dietary food.Conclusion: Eating behaviors’s subject is related to parent’s feeding. Feeding by informants are influenced by children’s responses, knowledges, attitudes, experiences and motivations, skills, purchasing power, availability of food, sibling behaviors, time, and family supports. Knowledges, motivations, and family support were the most important factors in feeding children with autism.
Placemarks on Watermarks: Mapping, Sensing and Sampling the “Rivers of Emotion”
Authors: Turk Catherine Schroeder
Published: June 2019

Maps are a key discourse for conveying geographical information, yet many cartographic approaches struggle to represent the subjective aspects of a landscape or “sense of place.” This paper examines the challenges in mapping emotional engagements with place, considering various cartographic approaches to representing emotions, and how these are complicated by theoretical approaches to conceptualizing place. Where place is theorized as fluid, dynamic, and contingent, we see a mismatch with the logics of cartographic practice and interface design. Participatory digital spatial media offer new possibilities for mapping emotional engagement by overcoming some of these complications. They are thus the focus of the case study of the Rivers of Emotion digital database of emotional engagements with Derbarl Yerrigan and Djarlgarro Beelier (the Swan and Canning Rivers), in Western Australia. The paper reviews emotional responses to the rivers and explores the collation of individual emotional engagements with these places in an online map and database. It concludes with a discussion of possibilities and limitations for mapping emotions and suggests how projects like this can inform collective imagined geographies.
Determinanty rywalizacji wyborczej w lokalnych elekcjach samorządowych
Authors: Ptak Arkadiusz
Published: June 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i wyjaśnienie czynników, które wpłynęły na strukturę rywalizacji wyborczej oraz wynik wyborów, a w konsekwencji lokalne sceny polityczne po wyborach samorządowych w 2014 roku. Wśród głównych analizowanych determinant są: 1) zmiany samorządowego prawa wyborczego; 2) sytuacja społeczno-polityczna w Polsce u progu wyborów samorządowych oraz 3) charakter lokalnych scen politycznych. Prowadzone badania uwidoczniły zjawisko wycofywania się partii politycznych z bezpośredniej rywalizacji wyborczej na szczeblu lokalnym. Przykłady badanych gmin wskazują, że wielu lokalnych działaczy samorządowych posiadło doskonałe umiejętności „politycznej adaptacji” do zmieniających się nastrojów społecznych. Natomiast konsekwencją zmian w prawie wyborczym, a zwłaszcza wprowadzenia formuły większościowej w wyborach do rad gmin, są m.in. 1) dodatkowe wzmocnienie pozycji burmistrza i jego bezpośredniego zaplecza politycznego w lokalnym systemie władzy; 2) dysproporcjonalność wyników wyborów; 3) niewielkie zainteresowanie bezpośrednim udziałem w rywalizacji wyborczej osób bez instytucjonalnego zaplecza politycznego oraz 4) koncentrowanie się radnych w swojej działalności na problemach własnego okręgu wyborczego. Czynnikiem w największym stopniu determinującym lokalne elekcje samorządowe, a w konsekwencji charakter i kształt lokalnego systemu władzy, jest osoba burmistrza (prezydenta miasta).
MRI Experiments as a Tool to Study Asymptotic-Shear Flow Behaviour of a Worm-Like Reverse Micellar Phase
Authors: Coppola Luigi , Gabriele Domenico , Nicotera Isabella , Oliviero Cesare
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with a Magnetic Resonance micro-Imaging (MRI) analysis of asymptotic kinematics which is a condition adopted in some rheological characterisations. Asymptotic kinematics (for example the slow shearing) aim is to evaluate material properties at “equilibrium”, avoiding structural changes induced by external stimuli. Measured material functions in these mechanical conditions deal with the structure/morphology of materials and can be used to investigate the structure as a function of the state variables only, as temperature, pressure and composition. In this paper MRI experiments were performed to study some shear flow behaviours of surfactant wormy micelles made by lecithin/water and diluted in cyclohexane (reverse micellar phase L2). MRI was used as a non-invasive tool in order to follow the structural responses both during slow shearing and when the sample is stirred outside the linear behaviour range. Relations can be found between the typical NMR parameters, strictly related to the microstructure, and the rheological macroscopic parameters as zero-shear viscosity.
A Rheological Study of Binary Mixtures of Ionic Liquid [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn2Cl5]− and Ethanol
Authors: Li Qianmei , Wu Guozhong , Liu Yaodong , Luo Yingshe
Published: June 2019

In this paper, by means of Advanced Rheometric Expanded System (ARES), oscillatory and steady shear behavior of binary mixtures of a quaternary ammonium based ionic liquid [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn2Cl5]- with ethanol (EtOH) were determined at 25°C and 25-50°C, respectively. The effects of shear rate, temperature and concentration on viscosity were elucidated sufficiently. It was found that the solutions show pseudo-plastic behavior at low shear rate and Newtonian property at higher shear rate. The addition of EtOH caused a substantial decrease in viscosity of the ionic liquid and the viscosity of binary mixtures could be described by an exponential equation. Arrhenius Equation and Power Law equation were applied to describe the respective effects of temperature and shear rate on viscosity. Activation energy derived from Arrhenius equation decreased with increasing the EtOH fraction in the mixture.
In-line Measurement of the Viscous Behaviour of Wheat Starch During Extrusion. Application to Starch Cationisation
Authors: Berzin F. , Tara A. , Tighzert L.
Published: June 2019

A specific twin channel slit die was used to measure in-line the viscous behaviour of an extruded wheat starch. This allows to put in evidence the influences of temperature, water content and specific mechanical energy (SME). The proposed rheological law permits to satisfactorily predict the viscosity of a wheat starch for any processing condition. Original results are presented for the behaviour of cationic starches obtained by reactive extrusion.
Thixotropic Behavior of Fresh Cement Pastes from Inclined Plane Flow Measurements
Authors: Jarny Sébastien , Roussel Nicolas , Le Roy Robert , Coussot Philippe
Published: June 2019

We show that the rheological characteristics of a fresh cement paste can be determined from inclined plane tests. The apparent flow curve measured from inclined plane flows coincides with the apparent rheogram from classical rheometer tests and the flow curve obtained from local Couette flow measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order to describe the thixotropic properties of these fluids we suggest to use a simple model, the four parameters of which may be determined from specific, practical, inclined plane experiments.
The Nonlinear History of Fibre Flow Research. Part 1: Background and Beginning
Authors: Björkman Ulf
Published: June 2019

Technical fibre flows are normally flocky, but have theoretically mainly been treated as individual fibre flows. The reason for this can only be understood in the context of historic development. In Part 1 of this historic investigation the roots of fibre flow research are traced to the beginning of the 19th century. The subsequent development is followed through its formative period in the first half of the 20th century up to about WW2. Part 2 will continue up to about 1960s when the present main tradition had been well established. In Part 2, an example of an alternative approach will also be given, and some proposals for future development presented.
Flow Regimes in Horizontal Viscous Dam-Break Flow of Clayous Mud
Authors: Nsom Blaise , Ravelo Blaise , Ndong Wilfried
Published: June 2019

The main characteristics of geological flows such as debris flows, avalanches and lahars is due to the relative importance of viscous versus inertial forces in the momentum balance. This paper considers the motion generated by the collapse of a dam-retaining mud, itself modeled as a power-law fluid. The equation of motion is derived in a non-dimensional form and solved analytically with the shallow-water assumption in a dry and smooth horizontal channel. Notably indicated are flow regimes and the effect of the reservoir length as well as the effect of mud rheology on flow development. Then, a parametric study of this model is produced and the effect of mud shear-thinning on flow development is pointed out.
Evaluation of Different Methods for Determining the Entrance Pressure Drop in Capillary Rheometry
Authors: Aho Johanna , Syrjälä Seppo
Published: June 2019

Two approaches for determining the entrance pressure drop in capillary rheometry were compared with low-density polyethylene and polystyrene melts as test fluids. Direct measurements with the orifice die were found to yield higher values for the entrance pressure drop, and hence lower values for the wall shear stress, than the Bagley correction method. This was postulated to be caused by the sticking of the melt to the wall of the outlet region of the orifice die. The additional pressure drop created in the outlet region of the orifice die, when the flowing material fills it completely, was also evaluated by means of numerical flow simulation.
The Effect of Fine needle aspiration on Detecting Malignancy in Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Hemmati Hamid reza , Shahnazari Banafshe , Foroutan Majid
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The prevalence of thyroid nodules is 4-7% in adults. Although less than 5% of nodules in adults are malignant, most nodules are non-neoplastic or benign. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic technique for evaluation of non-toxic nodules, which has been widely accepted. Its primary objective is the patient triage in order to identify those who need surgery and aid in the decision of the appropriate surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study was conducted on 116 patients who underwent thyroidectomy in Semnan’s Kowsar Hospital during 2011-2018 in Iran. The data were recorded before and after the surgery in the checklist. The data were compared and the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of FNA were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18.0) and analyzed by Chi-Square test and Independent Samples test.

Results

The sensitivity of FNA was 96.9%; its specificity was 81.7%; its positive predictive value (PPV) was 73.8%; its negative predictive value (NPV) was 98%; and its diagnostic accuracy was 86.9%.

For the nodules smaller than 4 cm, FNA was calculated with higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy compared to nodules larger than 4 cm.

Conclusion

FNA is a reliable screening method for preoperative assessment that can accurately detect malignant cases from benign cases, especially if the size of the nodule is smaller than 4 cm.
First insight into the phenolic content of Spartina maritima: isolation, characterization and quantification of four C-glycosidic flavonoids
Authors: Grignon-Dubois Micheline , Rezzonico Bernadette
Published: June 2019

The phenolic content of Spartina maritima was investigated using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Aqueous methanolic extracts were prepared from plant collected in different seasons in the Bay of Arcachon (French Atlantic coast). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) coupled with mass spectrometry allowed identification of four major phenolics in the aerial tissue, all belonging to the C-glycosidic-flavonoid class. They were isolated from the crude extracts, and their structures were assigned to isovitexin, isoscoparin and their respective 2″-O-glucosides on the basis of NMR, mass and UV spectroscopies. The seasonal variation of the flavonoid content was quantified over the period January 2013 to May 2015. The total concentration found ranged from 1.73 to 4.60 mg g−1 dry wt for isovitexin derivatives, and 0.88–2.66 mg g−1 dry wt for isoscoparin derivatives. The phenolic content of the rhizomes was very low and mainly dominated by coumaric acid (0.03–0.08 mg g−1), along with ferulic acid (≤0.06 mg g−1). The lack of significant concentrations of flavonoids in the rhizome contrasts with the aerial tissue. This work constitutes the first phenolic profiling of S. maritima and should provide a foundation for further studies, considering the reported biological activities of C-glycosidic flavonoids, and the lack of knowledge of the phenolic chemistry of the genus Spartina.
Proofs and reductions of various conjectured partition identities of Kanade and Russell
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Jennings-Shaffer Chris , Mahlburg Karl
Published: June 2019

We prove seven of the Rogers–Ramanujan-type identities modulo 12 that were conjectured by Kanade and Russell. Included among these seven are the two original modulo 12 identities, in which the products have asymmetric congruence conditions, as well as the
three symmetric identities related to the principally specialized characters of certain level 2 modules of

A
9

(
2
)

{A_{9}^{(2)}}

. We also give reductions of
four other conjectures in terms of single-sum basic hypergeometric
series.
Brownian motion on Perelman’s almost Ricci-flat manifold
Authors: Cabezas-Rivas Esther , Haslhofer Robert
Published: June 2019

We study Brownian motion and stochastic parallel transport on Perelman’s almost Ricci flat manifold

ℳ
=

M
×

𝕊
N

×
I

{\mathcal{M}=M\times\mathbb{S}^{N}\times I}

, whose dimension depends on a parameter N unbounded from above. We construct sequences of projected Brownian motions and stochastic parallel transports which for

N
→
∞

{N\to\infty}

converge to the corresponding objects for the Ricci flow. In order to make precise this process of passing to the limit, we study the martingale problems for the Laplace operator on

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

and for the horizontal Laplacian on the orthonormal frame bundle

𝒪
⁢
ℳ

{\mathcal{OM}}

.
As an application, we see how the characterizations of two-sided bounds on the Ricci curvature established by A. Naber applied to Perelman’s manifold lead to the inequalities that characterize solutions of the Ricci flow discovered by Naber and the second author.
Cardiovascular risk factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Han , Li Pin
Published: June 2019

Objective

Cardiovascular disease is a major complication among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This prospective study aimed at examining the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in children with T1DM.

Methods

We evaluated several cardiovascular risk factors, including atherosclerosis, artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and metabolic responses, in 175 children with T1DM, with 150 non-diabetic children as normal controls.

Results

The diabetic children had significantly higher carotid IMT (cIMT) and aortic IMT (aIMT), higher values for diastolic wall stress (DWS), incremental elastic modulus (IEM), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) than the controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL4), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and leptin were significantly higher in T1DM patients. In T1DM children, the cIMT and aIMT were correlated with several risk factors, including age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, waist/hip ratio, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (apoB). In addition to common risk factors, cIMT was also associated with systolic blood pressure (BP). Other risk factors, such as height, diastolic BP, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and S-creatinine levels, were not all independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T1DM children.

Conclusions

T1DM is associated with early impairment of the common carotid and aortic artery structure and function, and the diabetic state may be the main risk factor for arterial wall stiffening and thickening.
Short stature in a boy with atypical progeria syndrome due to LMNA c.433G>A [p.(Glu145Lys)]: apparent growth hormone deficiency but poor response to growth hormone therapy
Authors: Toni Ledjona , Dušátková Petra , Novotná Dana , Zemková Daniela , Průhová Štěpánka , Lebl Jan
Published: June 2019

Background

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene, which leads to premature aging. The median life expectancy is shortened to 13 years due to cardiovascular complications.

Case report

We present a boy born with a pathogenic LMNA variant c.433G > A, which causes atypical progeria syndrome (APS) and was previously described in one single patient. When investigated for poor growth prior to the diagnosis of APS, his laboratory tests revealed growth hormone (GH) deficiency and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the midbrain showed partial empty sella. GH treatment had only a limited and transient effect. His first ischemic complication manifested at age 4.2 years; at the age of 7 years, he had a fatal haemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient with APS showing partial empty sella and GH deficiency that might have contributed to his poor growth. GH failed to improve long-term outcome.
Metabolomic discrimination of the edible mushrooms Kuehneromyces mutabilis and Hypholoma capnoides (Strophariaceae, Agaricales) by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Alanne Aino-Liisa , Issakainen Jouni , Pihlaja Kati , Jokioja Johanna , Sinkkonen Jari
Published: June 2019

Two edible, cultivable mushroom species of the family Strophariaceae, Kuehneromyces mutabilis (sheathed woodtuft) and Hypholoma capnoides (conifer tuft), were studied using proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic approach. The variation in the metabolites of the two species and their metabolic behaviour regarding caps and stipes and different collection sites were analysed by multivariate analysis methods. Altogether 169 cap and stipe samples of the mushrooms were investigated. The clearest difference between the species was in the sugar composition, which was more diverse in H. capnoides. When mushroom samples collected from different locations were compared, more variance was found in H. capnoides, whereas K. mutabilis appeared more homogeneous as a species. As far as the caps and stipes were concerned, in both species the amount of α-α-trehalose was clearly higher in the stipes, and the caps contained a larger proportion of the amino acids and organic acids.
Evaluation of Some New Synthesized Surfactants Based on Maleic Acid as Inhibitors for Low Carbon Steel (LCS) Corrosion in 1.0 M HCl Solution
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz El-Sayed , Zaki El-Sayed Gmal , Khalifa Mohamed Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Some surfactants were synthesized, its chemical structures were checked using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR). The investigation of inhibition efficiency (IE%) for dissolution of (LCS) in 1.0 M HCl with and without various concentrations of these compounds were done using electrochemical and non-electrochemical methods. Measured data depends on temperature, concentration, and nature of the substance. These compounds were adsorbed on LCS surface following Temkin isotherm. Polarization studies illustrated that these surfactants act as mixed inhibitors (anodic and cathodic). The effect of these inhibitors on LCS surface morphology’s was detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), ATR-IR (Attenuated total reflection Infra-red) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The parameters in an activated state of LCS were studied and estimated. All data techniques were compatible and matched.
Evaluation of Indoor PM Distribution by CONTAM Airflow Model and Real Time Measuring: Model Description and Validation
Authors: Verijkazemi Kobra , Mansouri Nabiollah , Moattar Faramarz , Khezri Seyed Mostafa
Published: June 2019

Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) entry into hospital buildings is important for human exposure and is associated with health effects. The present study investigated the entry of particles into Imam Khomeini general hospital building under different ventilation systems and scenarios using a multi-zone airflow and contaminant transport model. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and meteorological variables (atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity) were measured and recorded in 6 medical treatment floors and outdoor atmosphere of hospital, from June 2014 to June 2015, 7 days at each season as simulation input variables. Simulated ventilation rates were assessed using the model and then validated using both measured data and simulations. In this study, CONTAM was used as a multi-zone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis software to determine airflows and contaminant concentrations. The simulation results for PM2.5 concentration as an important contaminant in hospital floors from basement to the top and based on airflow design were 21.3, 16.5, 22, 25.4, 27.6, and 24.2 μg/m3 respectively which showed 8.1% average deviation with actual measurements in selected locations. The assessment of air ventilation effect on PM2.5 concentration proved more accumulation in winter. The study results showed that accurate particle deposition and penetration are effective in predicting the time-varying particle concentrations in all floors of hospital building. The comparison between measurements and CONTAM prediction suggests that a multi-zone particle transport model can provide insight into particle entry into the hospital building under various weather and building operating scenarios.
Removal of Reactive Blue 19 Dye Using Fenton From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Moghadam Fahimeh , Nori Kohbanan Najmeh
Published: June 2019

The discharge of wastewater containing reactive dyes into water sources leads to health hazards. Colors can adversely affect the natural environment due largely to some qualities like carcinogenicity, being mutagenic, toxicity, and coloration of water. Environmental degradation can be attributed to the destruction of living organisms and the increased biological oxygen demand (BOD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of Reactive Blue 19 dye using the Fenton process from aqueous solution. This research was an experimental study, in which the effectiveness of Fenton in color removal was investigated. The factors influencing this process were: pH, color concentration, the ratio of Fenton reagent (H2O2/Fe2+), and contact time. Finally, after determining the optimum concentration of color, pH, the ratio of Fenton reagent, and contact time, the residual adsorption rates in the samples were measured using direct photometry by spectrophotometer in a wavelength of 594 nm. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency was obtained under the conditions of pH =3, the color concentration of 2 mg/L, the ratio of Fenton reagent = 1:5, and the contact time equal to 10 minutes. The Fenton process is able to remove the Reactive Blue 19 under different concentrations. This process achieved the best removal efficiency in acidic pH.
Carbon Modified Pumice as a New Adsorbent for the Rapid Removal of Fluoride Ions From Aqueous Phase
Authors: Asgari Ghorban , Rafizadeh Afsaneh , Ghasemi Maryam
Published: June 2019

Carbon modified pumice (CP) was successfully synthesized for the rapid removal of fluoride ions from the solvent phase. The batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of several operational parameters including carbon content, solution pH, initial fluoride concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature on the CP efficiency in fluoride adsorption. The surface morphology, as well as the structural and functional groups of the synthesized CP were evaluated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were found to be in good agreement with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Finally, the negative value of ΔG° revealed the spontaneous nature of the fluoride adsorption onto the CP adsorbent.
Impact of Whole Plant Extract of Pergularia daemia on Glycoproteins in Dimethylbenz(A)Anthracene Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis
Authors: Veluchamy Vaithiyanathan , Sankaran Mirunalini
Published: June 2019

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a major component of a diverse group of neoplasms often referred to as ‘head and neck cancer’. Frequent smoking and/or alcohol consumption are two major risk factors for oral cancer. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of Pergularia daemia ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts (PDEAE and PDME, respectively) on glycoproteins in dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Male golden Syrian hamsters were used and divided into six groups. Group 2 carried 0.5% 7,12-DMBA painting on left buccal pouch. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with DMBA and 300 mg/kg bwt of PDEAE and PDME by intragastric administration. Remaining groups served as untreated control. All the experiments were performed within 14 weeks. Results: Body weight loss and 100% tumor incidence were observed treated hamsters with DMBA alone, whereas administration of PDEAE and PDME in animals with oral cancer caused significant alterations in body weight and tumor incidence. Further, plasma and buccal pouch tissue glycoprotein levels were increased and erythrocyte glycoprotein levels were depleted in DMBA treated hamsters. The levels were significantly reversed in hamsters treated with PDEAE and PDME at 300 mg/kg bwt. Conclusion: PDEAE and PDME produce a significant protective effect against DMBA induced oral cancer by altering glycoproteins levels.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on incidence of prostate cancer in Iran
Authors: Moradi Asaad , Zamani Mohammad , Moudi Emadoddin
Published: June 2019

Background: Prostate cancer is a global health concern. In Iran, its epidemiology is not precisely recognized. We aimed to evaluate incidence of prostate cancer among Iranian populations. Methods: In this systematic review, we searched the databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus and Google Scholar for English studies and the databases Magiran, Scientific information Database, IranMedex and IranDoc for Persian studies, using related keywords. The cross sectional articles published from inception to 31 December 2018 were included. Meta-analysis was conducted on the collected data with STATA software using random effects model. Results: Out of 763 articles initially obtained, 9 articles were finally included after applying the predefined exclusion criteria. Analysis of 9 studies on the incidence of prostate cancer showed a crude rate of 7.1 per 100000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6-8.6). Also, the pooled age-standardized incidence rate was 8.7 per 100000 (95% CI: 6.7-10.4). Studies performed in the period 2004-2012 had significantly a higher pooled estimate of the crude incidence rate (9.2 per 100000 [95% CI: 7.9-10.4]) compared with those conducted in the period 1996-2003 (4.5 per 100000 [95% CI: 2.8-6.2]). This trend was also observed based on the age-standardized incidence rate (11 per 100000 [95% CI: 9.4-12.5] versus 6.3 per 100000[95% CI: 4-8.5]).Conclusion: Despite low rate of prostate cancer occurrence in Iran, it is recommended that preventive measures be taken against this disease by health policymakers. Also, more epidemiological studies are needed to better find out the pattern of prostate cancer among Iranian populations.
Assessing Iranians’ parental competence: Development and psychometric properties of the Children’s Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ-IR), Iranian Version
Authors: Merghati-Khoei Effat , Atoof Fatemeh , Sheikhan Fatemeh , Omati Sanaz , Aghajani Noura , Hosseinzadeh Mohsen
Published: June 2019

Background: Parents are the first line mediators in sexuality development of children. However, the majority of parents tend to have close supervision on children sexual behaviors, particularly in the conservative cultures. This article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument to measure Iranian parents’ competence in caring and nurturing their children sexually. Methods: The questionnaire was designed based on the principles in measurement, Waltz’stheory. The Iranian version of Children’s Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ-IR) was developed and completed by 386 mothers and 101 fathers who participated in a community based sexuality education program in Tehran, capital of Iran. Reliability was assessed by Kuder-Richardson reliability coefficient and Split half. CSBQ-IR was evaluated for its construct, inclusiveness and content validity by principal component analysis. Results: The Kuder-Richardson reliability coefficient and Split half reliability were found 0.425and 0.457 that was on acceptable range. Meaning, grammar, wording and item allocation of the questionnaire were found to be appropriate with (content validity ratio [CVR]=0.99) and(content validity index [CVI]=0.8) respectively. Conclusion: CSBQ-IR provides a valid assessment of the parents’ competency or incompetency in nurturing, communication, and managing their children’s sexual behaviors.
Changes in Cardiac Levels of Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP Following 4 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Tanoorsaz Saeid , Behpoor Naser , Tadibi Vahid
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Cardiac apoptosis is one of the most important cardiovascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to investigate the changes of caspase-8, Bcl-2, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in cardiac tissue after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in male rats with diabetes. Methods: Forty adult male rats were randomly allocated to healthy control, diabetes, control + exercise and exercise + diabetes groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (55 mg/kg). Two weeks after injection, fasting blood glucose levels were measured. After the induction of diabetes, the exercise program was performed for 4 weeks (5 sessions per week) at a speed of 15 to 18 m/min for 25 to 44 minutes. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the subjects were anesthetized and the heart muscle was removed. Caspase-8, Bcl-2 and NT-proBNP levels were measured by ELISA method. Results: The induction of diabetes in the control group resulted in a significant increase in caspase-8, and NT-proBNP levels while an insignificant increase was observed for Bcl-2 levels (P<0.05). In non-diabetic groups, exercise caused no changes in caspase-8, NT-proBNP and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Exercise in diabetic groups significantly decreased NT-proBNP while no changes were observed in caspase-8 and Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that diabetes increases the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic agent. In addition, 4 weeks of regular aerobic exercises can be used as a non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the complications of apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyocytes.