bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase in breeding bird abundance and diversity with semi-natural habitat in vineyard landscapes
Authors: Rösch Verena , Hafner Gina , Reiff Jo Marie , Entling Martin H.
Published: August 2023

Agricultural expansion and intensification are major threats to biodiversity, and even some once common farmland bird species are now endangered. Wine-growing landscapes are intensively managed but can still be an attractive habitat for a wide range of species. However, only few bird species breed within vineyards and thus, semi-natural habitat types like hedges, woodland patches and grasslands are crucial for bird populations. We investigated how birds breeding in wine-growing areas are influenced by the surrounding landscape at three spatial scales: territories, sampling transects and landscapes. In the German wine growing region Palatinate, sixteen landscapes with a radius of 500 m were chosen spanning a gradient in the cover of semi-natural habitat. Bird territories were mapped along three transects of 500 m length in each landscape. We found 300 territories of 33 bird species. Positive effects of semi-natural habitat cover on birds were strongest at the transect scale, with almost proportional increase of species and territory numbers with the cover of semi-natural habitat. Most bird species selected territories that contained more semi-natural habitat than the landscape-wide average of 13.5%, but e.g. woodlark and linnet showed an opposite preference. In addition, the birds’ community composition was influenced by the composition of the surrounding landscape. Most species were associated with semi-natural habitat types or built-up areas while vineyards had hardly any species associated with them. Our results suggest that in wine-growing landscapes, the decline in farmland birds can be reversed by the re-establishment of hedges, trees, woodland patches, traditional orchards and grassland areas. However, as preferences at the territory scale were species-specific, there is no uniform best solution for bird conservation in viticultural landscapes. Thus, landscape development should always be accompanied by experts that take the demands of existing and potential breeding birds into account.
Quantifying shrub encroachment through soil seed bank analysis in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Chengere Shambel Alemu , Steger Cara , Gebrehiwot Kflay , Wube Sisay , Dullo Bikila Warkineh , Nemomissa Sileshi
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to understand the impact of shrub encroachment on native species in the Guassa Community Conservation Area in Ethiopia. We assessed the soil seed bank composition and density across different elevations and aspects, and management systems within the area. The vegetation was stratified and eight blocks were selected across a range of elevation (<3350 m and >3350 m) and aspect (northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest). Within each block we established twenty 5m x 5m plots for a total of 160. We then collected soil samples from five subplots (1 m x 1 m) at three depths (0–3 cm, 3–6 cm and 6–9 cm) for a total of 480 samples, which were established in pots in greenhouse. We calculated species abundance by totaling the number of seedlings that emerged from each sample. To determine the variability in the abundance of Festuca macrophylla and Helichrysum splendidum in the soil seed bank along altitudinal gradient, we used two-way ANOVA using SAS statistical software version 9.0.1. Shannon diversity index was used to determine species diversity in the soil seedbank. After counting all the seeds, we identified 74 plant species represented in the soil seedbank which belong to 55 genera and 23 families. Eleven species are endemic to Ethiopia. At the lower elevation range, the effects of aspect (P <0.0088) and soil depth (P <0.005) are not significant to determine the abundance of seeds of H. splendidum and F. macrophylla. But when the factors are segregated, both aspect and soil depth play a significant role (p<0.0001) regarding the abundance of the seeds of the competing species at lower elevation. At higher elevation, only the effect of soil depth is significant (P<0.0001) for determining the abundance of H. splendidum. Soil depth and aspect have no significant effects on soil seed bank abundance at this elevation.
Ligand-specific regulation of transforming growth factor beta superfamily factors by leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains proteins
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad , Herdenberg Carl , Hedman Håkan
Published: August 2023

Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) are transmembrane proteins shown to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. BMPs comprise a subfamily of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, or TGFβ family, of ligands. In mammals, LRIG1 and LRIG3 promote BMP4 signaling. BMP6 signaling, but not BMP9 signaling, is also regulated by LRIG proteins, although the specific contributions of LRIG1, LRIG2, and LRIG3 have not been investigated, nor is it known whether other mammalian TGFβ family members are regulated by LRIG proteins. To address these questions, we took advantage of Lrig-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with doxycycline-inducible LRIG1, LRIG2, and LRIG3 alleles, which were stimulated with ligands representing all the major TGFβ family subgroups. By analyzing the signal mediators pSmad1/5 and pSmad3, as well as the induction of Id1 expression, we showed that LRIG1 promoted BMP2, BMP4, and BMP6 signaling and suppressed GDF7 signaling; LRIG2 promoted BMP2 and BMP4 signaling; and LRIG3 promoted BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and GDF7 signaling. BMP9 and BMP10 signaling was not regulated by individual LRIG proteins, however, it was enhanced in Lrig-null cells. LRIG proteins did not regulate TGFβ1-induced pSmad1/5 signaling, or GDF11- or TGFβ1-induced pSmad3 signaling. Taken together, our results show that some, but not all, TGFβ family ligands are regulated by LRIG proteins and that the three LRIG proteins display differential regulatory effects. LRIG proteins thereby provide regulatory means for the cell to further diversify the signaling outcomes generated by a limited number of TGFβ family ligands and receptors.
Bacteriophages targeting protective commensals impair resistance against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in gnotobiotic mice
Authors: von Strempel Alexandra , Weiss Anna S. , Wittmann Johannes , Salvado Silva Marta , Ring Diana , Wortmann Esther , Clavel Thomas , Debarbieux Laurent , Kleigrewe Karin , Stecher Bärbel
Published: August 2023

Gut microbial communities protect the host against a variety of major human gastrointestinal pathogens. Bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous in nature and frequently ingested via food and drinking water. Moreover, they are an attractive tool for microbiome engineering due to the lack of known serious adverse effects on the host. However, the functional role of phages within the gastrointestinal microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of microbiota-directed phages on infection with the human enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm), using a gnotobiotic mouse model (OMM14) for colonization resistance (CR). We show, that phage cocktails targeting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis acted in a strain-specific manner. They transiently reduced the population density of their respective target before establishing coexistence for up to 9 days. Infection susceptibility to S. Tm was markedly increased at an early time point after challenge with both phage cocktails. Surprisingly, OMM14 mice were also susceptible 7 days after a single phage inoculation, when the targeted bacterial populations were back to pre-phage administration density. Concluding, our work shows that phages that dynamically modulate the density of protective members of the gut microbiota can provide opportunities for invasion of bacterial pathogens, in particular at early time points after phage application. This suggests, that phages targeting protective members of the microbiota may increase the risk for Salmonella infection.
The Vogue for a New Interior: A Study of the Presentation and Interpretation of Servants’ Quarters in Country House Visits
Authors: Bela Riccardo
Published: August 2023

The article is a study of the presentation and interpretation of servants’ quarters in country houses in England and Wales (Erddig, Lanhydrock, Audley End, Petworth and Ickworth), directed at theorizing the latest popular fascination about the ‘downstairs’. Hinging on Gaston Bachelard’s twofold reading of the interior as a contained physical space and an elusive imaginal one, the notion of home as the site of domesticity is compared with that of the country house, whose ‘domestication’ is surveyed in a series of visual and spatial analyses of its rooms and, specifically, its servants’ quarters. Probing the tendency of ‘leaving the green baize door’ to the servants’ quarters ‘ajar’ allows for an understanding of the reasons behind the inception and development of such a vogue, arguing that it is the experience of the tangible everyday that defines the popular ‘doing’ of the country house visit.
O papel do fomento no desenvolvimento sustentável de cidades participativas
Authors: De Rossi Andrade Giulia
Published: August 2023

Tomando-se como premissa o direito ao desenvolvimento, notadamente o desenvolvimento sustentável, vinculado à Agenda 2030, da Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU, fazendo-se um recorte específico quanto as parcerias e meios de implementação, prevista no Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – ODS nº 17, o presente artigo busca analisar se existe uma alternativa para ver o desenvolvimento sustentável efetivamente implementado na prática. Partindo, introdutoriamente, de um cenário de desigualdade, focado no Brasil, revisita-se todo um panorama histórico e ideológico do que se entende por desenvolvimento, e como a sua noção foi expandida para a ideia de um desenvolvimento sustentável. Após essa retomada, apresenta-se o instituto do fomento como uma possível e constitucional alternativa à concretização desse desenvolvimento sustentável. Ao final, adotando-se todas as noções trabalhadas ao longo do artigo, pretende-se demonstrar a viabilidade concreta da aplicação da atividade fomentadora inserida no contexto das cidades participativas. Para se chegar ao resultado da investigação, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, promovida metodicamente por técnicas de revisão bibliográfica.
Kualitas dan Kelas Batubara di Kecamatan Uluiwoi Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Sarfat Muhammad Rahmatul , Hasria Hasria , Ngkoimani La Ode , Okto Ali , Arisona Arisona , Muliddin Muliddin , La Hamimu La Hamimu , Hasan Erzam S. , Haraty Syamsul Razak
Published: August 2023

Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Desa Tawanga, Kecamatan Uluiwoi, Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dengan letak geografis 121045’00” BT dan 03035’00” LS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pemanasan bervariasi pada batubara di Kecamatan Uluiwoi, Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara terhadap peningkatan nilai kalori, untuk mengetahui kualitas batubara pada daerah penelitian setelah dilakukan analisis laboratorium, dan untuk mengetahui kelas batubara pada daerah penelitian setelah dilakukan analisis laboratorium. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis proksimat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat batubara, diperoleh hasil bahwa semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan batubara maka kadar air semakin rendah, kadar abu semakin tinggi, kadar zat terbang semakin rendah, kadar karbon semakin rendah, dan nilai kalori semakin tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemanasan, kadar air 11,96%, kadar abu 33%, kadar zat terbang 34,04% dengan hasil nilai kalori 2.596 cal/g.  Setelah suhu dinaikkan menjadi 1000C kadar air semakin  menurun menjadi 9,53%,  kadar abu semakin naik menjadi 47%, zat terbang semakin turun menjadi 27,47% dengan hasil nilai kalori semakin bertambah menjadi 3.450 cal/g. Berdasarkan hasil analisis proksimat diperoleh hasil bahwa kualitas batubara pada daerah penelitian termasuk ke dalam kategori batubara kualitas rendah dengan nilai kalori yaitu 2.596 cal/g-3.450 cal/g(adb). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan perbandingan antara kadar karbon tetap dan zat terbang  maka diperoleh hasil bahwa kelas batubara di daerah penelitian termasuk lignit.
Karakteristik Formasi Menu di Pulau Rote
Authors: Widiatama Angga Jati , Santy Lauti Dwita
Published: August 2023

Pulau Rote terletak di sebelah selatan busur Banda nonvulkanik memiliki batuan sedimen berumur Kapur yang merupakan bagian dari sikuen Australia/Kolbano. Batuan berumur Mesozoikum di Australia Barat Laut memiliki potensi menghasilkan hidrokarbon. Batuan sedimen berumur Kapur dikelompokkan kedalam Formasi Menuatau ekuvalensinya berperan sebagai batuan tudung pada cekungan di Australia Barat Laut. Litofasies Formasi Menu di Pulau Rote terdiri dari batugamping, napal, dan rijang dengan komponen utamanya didominasi oleh bioklastika radiolaria, bivalvia, nanofasil gampingan serta dalam jumlah kecil spiculite dan foraminifera. Mikrofasies Formasi Menu terdiri dari empat jenis yaitu wackestone radiolaria-bivalviaan (SMF 1), wackestone radiolaria (SMF 3), packstone radiolaria (SMF 1), dan mudstone (SMF 3). Bagian bawah Formasi Menu berumur Berriasian-Valanginian berdasarkan pemunculan Cyclagelosphaera brezae yang litologinya menunjukkan kontak menjemari dengan rijang Formasi Nakfunu. Bagian tengah Formasi Menu terdiri dari perlapisan batugamping berwarna putih keabu-abuan dan napal dengan nodul rijang, berangsur keatas warna batugamping berubah menjadi batugamping merah. Formasi Menu bagian atas berumur tidak lebih tua dari Kapur Awal bagian Atas (Albian) berdasarkan awal pemunculan fosil Cyclagelosphaera reinhardtii. Formasi Menu terendapkan pada basin margin pada kedalaman batial pada lingkungan upwelling.
Surf-diatoms from sandy beaches on the Eastern Coast of South America (Brazil): the identification ofAnaulusEhrenberg andAsterionellopsisRound
Authors: de Oliveira da Rocha Franco Andréa , Ashworth Matt Peter , Du Preez Debbie , Campbell Eileen , Maggioni Rodrigo , Manning Schonna R. , Odebrecht Clarisse
Published: August 2023

“Surf diatoms” can form high biomass in the surf zone of sandy beaches around the world,AsterionellopsisandAnaulusbeing the main genera of this group in Brazil.Asterionellopsis glacialiswas considered a cosmopolitan species, and taxonomic studies using molecular and morphological tools showed thatA. glacialisis a complex with cryptic and semicryptic species. So, it would be plausible to suppose thatAnaulus australis, another surf zone patch-forming diatom with wide latitudinal occurrence could also be part of a species complex. We collected and identifiedAnaulusandAsterionellopsisstrains from tropical, subtropical and warm temperate sandy beaches on the east coast of South America (Brazil) based on genetic divergence, phylogeny, single-locus automated species delimitation methods (both genera), and frustule ultrastructure (Anaulus).AnaulusandAsterionellopsisshowed contrasting diversity patterns and spatial distribution: a single species ofAnaulus australiswas registered in tropical and subtropical beaches, while at least three species ofAsterionellopsis:A. tropicalis,A. thurstoniiandA. guyunusaewere observed at different latitudes, indicating thatAsterionellopsisspecies have distinct ecological requirements.Asterionellopsis thurstoniiwas previously reported in Europe and it is documented here for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere. The different diversity patterns between these two surf diatom genera suggest that they are likely to have distinct ages, and dispersion and/or speciation processes.
On the universality of product for classes of linear functions of two variables
Authors: Voronenko Andrey A.
Published: August 2023

Earlier, the author introduced the concept of a universal function and proved the existence of universal functions for classes of linear k-valued functions of two variables for k ≥ 5. In this paper, we show that the product modulo k is a universal function for the class of linear k-valued functions of two variables if and only if k = 6l ± 1.
Semi-automated classification of layered rock slopes using digital elevation model and geological map
Authors: Shang Hao , Wang Da-Hai , Li Meng-Yuan , Ma Yu-Hong , Yang Shi-Peng , Li An-Bo
Published: August 2023

Layered rock slopes are the most widely distributed slopes with the simplest structure. The classification of layered rock slopes is the basis for correctly analyzing their deformation and failure mechanisms, evaluating their stability, and adopting reasonable support methods. It is also one of the essential indicators to support the evaluation of urban and rural construction suitability and the assessment of landslide hazards. However, the present-day classification methods for layered rock slopes are not sufficiently automated. In the application process of these methods, a lot of manual intervention is still needed, and sufficient strata orientation data obtained through field surveys is required, which is not effective for large-scale applications and involves high subjectivity. Thus, this study proposes a semi-automated classification method for layered rock slopes based on digital elevation model (DEM) and geological maps, which greatly reduces human intervention. On the basis of slope unit division, the method extracts structural information of slopes using DEM and geological maps and classifies slopes according to their structural characteristics. An experiment has been carried out in the northern region of Mount Lu in Jiangxi Province, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of this semi-automated classification method. Compared to the existing manual or semi-automated classification methods, the method proposed in this article is objective and highly automated, which can meet the requirements of classification of layered rock slopes over large areas, even in the case of sparse measured orientation data.
Kant’s Doctrine of Definitions and the Semantic Background of theTranscendental Analytic
Authors: Ancillotti Bianca
Published: August 2023

In this paper I argue that Kant’s doctrine of definitions, as it is developed in theTranscendental Doctrine of Method(TDM) and in the lectures on logic, lays down the semantic background of the problem of the objective reality of the categories and of the solution Kant provides for it in theTranscendental Analytic. The distinction between nominal and real definitions introduces a two-dimensional element in Kant’s theory of concepts, and this, I argue, provides a compelling explanation for the assumption Kant makes in §13 that it is possible to possess a concept without knowing the conditions of its legitimate application. This view is supported by the parallels between Kant’s discussion of empirical, mathematical, and philosophical concepts in §13 and in theTDM. And, it allows clarifying the sense in which the arguments that prove the objective reality of the categories are, at the same time, counterfactual reflections that give us (incomplete) insight into their real definitions.
An interpretation of the imagery symbol of the Panopticon in The Eye in the Door
Authors: Zhu Yan
Published: August 2023

The Eye in the Door is one of the masterpieces of Pat Barker, a famous contemporary British female writer. In this novel the image of the Panopticon stands out because of its high frequency and detailed descriptions, and it also becomes the key to the interpretation of the novel because of its relation to the fates of many characters and its metaphorical meanings. From the perspective of semiotics, this paper makes a progressive interpretation of this imagery symbol from three aspects: the features of the Panopticon in the surface sense, the surveillance function and power mechanism of the Panopticon in the deeper sense, and the Panopticon as the metaphor of the British society during the First World War in the social and cultural sense, then points out that the imagery symbol of the Panopticon is the encoding and embodiment of the writer’s ideas. Through this imagery symbol, the writer criticizes the disciplinary characteristics and totalitarian tendency of the British society during the First World War and expresses her reflection on the First World War and its causes.
Dispersion control by using a bulky surfactant medium in the LB films for the enhancement of linearly polarized luminescence of Eu complexes
Authors: Ozawa Keiichiro , Tanaka Hideyuki , Ohmagari Hitomi , Ishii Megumi , Kimura Shinya , Goto Kenta , Kawaguchi Shogo , Yamanaka Masamichi , Hasegawa Miki
Published: August 2023

The ff transition of lanthanide ions such as Eu in the complex appears as unique energy relaxation process as luminescence after the intramolecular energy transfer from the photo-excitation of the ligand with π-electronic system. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film consisting of Eu and amphiphilic naphtoic acids (NaphC15) induced the linearly polarized luminescence (LPL) with a medium, stearic acid (SA), to isolate the luminescence component by the layer structure and to keep the softness at the monolayer depositions on the quartz substrate as reported previously. Here, we used a bulky medium, 3-methyl-4-penthadecyl benzoic acid (MPBA), instead of SA, and found the Eu-NaphC15 in the LB film places more independently resulting in the 4-fold high quantum yields compared with previous system. The structures of LB films of Eu-NaphC15 with MPBA were elucidated by the measurement of synchrotron XRD and XPS. Various electronic spectra were quantitatively observed to discuss the effect molecular aggregation through much/less ππ-interaction of NaphC15 for the intensified LPL in the films.
„Mindig azt csináltam, ami érdekelt.” Beszélgetés Gábris Gyula professzorral [Interjú]
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Izsák Éva , Tésits Róbert ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences
Published: August 2023

Gyula Gábris was born on July 22, 1942 in Miskolc. He graduated from the Eötvös Loránd University as a secondary school teacher specializing in Biology and Geography, and then as a Cartographer the following year. He holds a Doctorate from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and is currently a professor emeritus. His research interests include geomorphology, Quaternary research, and the geomorphological processes of rivers. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the most important stages of the professor’s life, his relationship to geography, and the factors shaping his career. The article is based on a series of online and personal interviews as well as written communication between October 2022 and January 2023. The research topics of Gyula Gábris are diverse; the directions have changed many times over the years, but he often returned to certain topics, building a very rich and colorful research oeuvre.
Rendszergondolatok rendszerezése. Interjú a 80 éves Kerényi Attila professzorral [Interjú]
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Fazekas István , Balla Dániel ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Data Science and Visualization, Benkhard Borbála ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Csorba Péter ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Kiss Emőke ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Mester Tamás ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Szabó György ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, Vasvári Mária ,   University of Debrecen, Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography
Published: August 2023

Attila Kerényi, Professor of Geography, was born in 1943 in Sátoraljaújhely. He earned a degree as a teacher of Geography and Biology in 1967. During the 1980s, he gained national and international scientific recognition for his research on soil erosion processes, and completed his candidate dissertation in 1984. In the 1990s, he became nationally acknowledged for his publications, textbooks and scientific books on landscape and environmental protection, and earned an academic doctorate title in the topic. His scientific work was recognized with numerous awards. In 2020, he was awarded the Officer’s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit in recognition of his several decades of research and teaching activities which have greatly contributed to the renewal of geography education at the University of Debrecen. On the occasion of his 80th birthday, his colleagues interviewed Professor Kerényi about his family, profession, achievements and the state of global environmental systems.
Recenzió Tóth Máté „A könyvtárak társadalmi szerepei empirikus kutatási adatok tükrében” című könyvéről
Authors: Tóth-Jávorka Brigitta
Published: August 2023

.
Petőfi Sándor Nagykőrösön őrzött autográf verseinek kritikai összehasonlítása és annak legújabb eredményei I. – A korai évek hagyatéka (1843–1844)
Authors: Oláh Róbert
Published: August 2023

2023-ban ünnepeljük a magyar irodalom lánglelkű költőjének, Petőfi Sándor (1823–1849) születésének 200. évfordulóját, amely során az esztendőt emlékévnek nyilvánították a 2017-es Arany bicentenáriumhoz hasonlóan. Ezen tanulmányomban Petőfiről és azon kevésbé nyolc autográf verseiről emlékezem meg, amelyeket az Arany János Közérdekű Muzeális Gyűjteményben őriznek. A poétának tulajdonított dokumentumok közül a korai évekre (1843–1844) koncentrálva öt művet szöveghűen hasonlítottam össze az első nyomtatott kiadással, valamint a kritikai átnézetekkel. Célom volt az írásképek összehasonlítása mellett megállapítani, hogy a szóban forgó autográf iratok közül melyek azok, amelyek valóban Petőfi kézírásainak tekinthetők, és melyek zárhatók ebből ki. A források eredeti közlésével eddig nem kutatott módon szeretném ezen versek hitelességét megerősíteni vagy cáfolni. Hiszem, hogy tanulmányommal közelebb kerülhetünk azon örökséghez, amelyet a fiatal költő hagyott ránk és amely a magyar nyelv és irodalom egyik legértékesebb lenyomatai a XXI. században is. A kritikai összehasonlítással válhat teljesebbé Petőfi életművének megismerése, amely munka a további, a nem Nagykőrösön őrzött művek esetében is jól követhető, így feltáró, összehasonlító, elemző és kritikai eredményt felmutató munkák alapja lehet. Az itt közölt adatokkal tovább pontosíthatjuk egy esetleges újabb, átfogóbb kritikai kiadás vonatkozó részeit, illetve azon muzeológiai adattárakat, amelyek a Petőfi-versek kutatásának alapját képezik.
Arany János nagykőrösi évei (1851–1860) a levelezései tükrében IV. – A főfájástól a bővített életrajzig (1853)
Authors: Oláh Róbert
Published: August 2023

Arany János (1817–1882) irodalmi hagyatékának vizsgálata során szükséges, de nem elégséges csupán a költő verseit ismernünk és azokat elemeznünk, ugyanis a poéta kiterjedt levelezései olyan fontos információkkal szolgálnak, amelyek véleményem szerint pontosabban tükrözik Arany lelkivilágát, pillanatnyi hangulatát, illetve a korszak szellemét. Fontos kiemelnünk, hogy Arany levelezéseinek kritikai kiadásai ugyan a teljesség igényével készültek, de azok dokumentumainak összehasonlítására eddig nem vállalkoztak a kutatók. A jelen tanulmányommal célom a költő levelezési kapcsolatainak bemutatása, valamint ezeken keresztül a költő nagykőrösi éveinek (1851–1860) vonatkozó esztendejéről mind hitelesebb képet alkotni. A levelezések mélyebb vizsgálata lehetőséget teremt számunkra, hogy a XIX. századi mindennapoktól az egész nemzetet érintő eseményekig képet kapjunk a Habsburg önkényuralom, a református nevelés-oktatás, valamint az alföldi mezővárosok múltjáról. Meggyőződésem, hogy Arany levélváltásai nem csupán a koszorús költő, hanem számos pályatársa életének is értékes dokumentumai, amelyek rámutatnak azon évszázad valós körülményeire, amikor a magyar nyelvért már nem volt elegendő a tollal és tintával való harc. Mindezek együttes tárgyalása rámutat a ,,hétköznapi” Arany gondolkodásmódjára, amely révén válhatott Nagykőrös az 1848–1849-es események után a magyar irodalom egyik központjává.
Effect of Alzheimer's Pathology on Task-Related Brain Network Reconfiguration in Aging
Authors: Cassady Kaitlin E. , Chen Xi , Adams Jenna N. , Harrison Theresa M. , Zhuang Kailin , Maass Anne , Baker Suzanne , Jagust William
Published: August 2023

Large-scale brain networks undergo widespread changes with older age and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research in young adults (YA) suggest that the underlying functional architecture of brain networks remains relatively consistent between rest and task states. However, it remains unclear whether the same is true in aging and to what extent any changes may be related to accumulation of AD pathology such as β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau. Here, we examined age-related differences in functional connectivity (FC) between rest and an object-scene mnemonic discrimination task using fMRI in young and older adults (OA; both females and males). We used an a priori episodic memory network (EMN) parcellation scheme associated with object and scene processing, that included anterior-temporal regions and posterior-medial regions. We also used positron emission topography to measure Aβ and tau in older adults. The correlation between rest and task FC (i.e., FC similarity) was reduced in older compared with younger adults. Older adults with lower FC similarity in EMN had higher levels of tau in the same EMN regions and performed worse during object, but not scene, trials during the fMRI task. These findings link AD pathology, particularly tau, to a less stable functional architecture in memory networks. They also suggest that smaller changes in FC organization between rest and task states may facilitate better performance in older age. Interpretations are limited by methodological factors related to different acquisition directions and durations between rest and task scans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain's large-scale network organization is relatively consistent between rest and task states in young adults (YA). We found that memory networks in older adults (OA) were less correlated between rest and (memory) task states compared with young adults. Older adults with less correlated brain networks also had higher levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in the same regions, suggesting that a less stable network architecture may reflect the early evolution of AD. Older adults with less correlated brain networks also performed worse during the memory task suggesting that more similar network organization between rest and task states may facilitate better performance in older age.
Widespread and Multifaceted Binocular Integration in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Fu Jieming , Tanabe Seiji , Cang Jianhua
Published: August 2023

The brain combines two-dimensional images received from the two eyes to form a percept of three-dimensional surroundings. This process of binocular integration in the primary visual cortex (V1) serves as a useful model for studying how neural circuits generate emergent properties from multiple input signals. Here, we perform a thorough characterization of binocular integration using electrophysiological recordings in the V1 of awake adult male and female mice by systematically varying the orientation and phase disparity of monocular and binocular stimuli. We reveal widespread binocular integration in mouse V1 and demonstrate that the three commonly studied binocular properties—ocular dominance, interocular matching, and disparity selectivity—are independent of each other. For individual neurons, the responses to monocular stimulation can predict the average amplitude of binocular response but not its selectivity. Finally, the extensive and independent binocular integration of monocular inputs is seen across cortical layers in both regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons, regardless of stimulus design. Our data indicate that the current model of simple feedforward convergence is inadequate to account for binocular integration in mouse V1, thus suggesting an indispensable role played by intracortical circuits in binocular computation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBinocular integration is an important step of visual processing that takes place in the visual cortex. Studying the process by which V1 neurons become selective for certain binocular disparities is informative about how neural circuits integrate multiple information streams at a more general level. Here, we systematically characterize binocular integration in mice. Our data demonstrate more widespread and complex binocular integration in mouse V1 than previously reported. Binocular responses cannot be explained by a simple convergence of monocular responses, contrary to the prevailing model of binocular integration. These findings thus indicate that intracortical circuits must be involved in the exquisite computation of binocular disparity, which would endow brain circuits with the plasticity needed for binocular development and processing.
Nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people: an integrative review
Authors: Rodrigues Mayara Muniz Peixoto , Veras Rafaella Felix Serafim , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Pontes Maria de Lourdes de Farias , Andrade Lidiane Lima de , Santos Kamyla Félix Oliveira dos , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos
Published: August 2023

Objective: to identify nursing interventions for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people. Methods: integrative review developed on the Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and LILACS databases using the PICo strategy with controlled descriptors and their combinations using the Boolean operators AND and OR. Studies addressing interventions to prevent falls in aged people in the hospital setting were included, without geographical or language limitation, from 2004 with the creation of The World Alliance for Patient Safety. Three reviewers worked on the citations, using EndNote basic and Rayyan, reaching a final sample of 20 studies. Results: 202 nursing interventions were identified for fall prevention in hospitalized aged people, categorized into six domains of the Nursing Interventions Classification (Physiological: basic; Physiological: complex; Behavioral; Safety; Family; Health Systems). Conclusion: nursing interventions were identified for the prevention of falls in hospitalized aged people, which provides subsidies for the construction of care protocols and improvements in care. Contributions to practice: the results allow nurses to prevent the occurrence of falls, putting into practice consistent scientific findings from the planning of actions to the execution and reassessment of results with the team.
Posterior Bölgede Taşkın Yapılmış Restorasyonların Alveolar Kemik Kaybıyla İlişkisinin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayar Tomografisi ile Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BATMAZ Sevde Gül , SOYDAN ÇABUK Damla
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Retrospektif olarak konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerini inceleyerek taşkın restorasyonların sıklığını ve lokalizasyonunu belirlemek ve zaman içerisinde alveol kemikte meydana getirdiği yıkımın üç boyutlu olarak değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya subgingival amalgamlar, kompozit veya cam iyonomer restorasyonlar (proksimal taşkın kenarlar), servikal abrazyonlar, sınıf V restorasyonlar gibi en az bir proksimal restorasyonu olan, karşı taraftaki dişleri restore edilmemiş olan hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışmada incelenilen tüm konik ışınlı bilgisayar tomografiler Planmeca Promax 3D (Planmeca Inc. Helsinki, Finlandiya) cihazı ile çekildi. Konik ışınlı bilgisayar tomografilerin hiçbiri bu çalışma için özel olarak elde edilmedi. Taşkın restorasyonların tomografileri incelendikten sonra; dişlerin tipi, yeri ve hasta bilgileri kaydedildi. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde Wilcoxon işaret testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Spearman korelasyon kullanıldı. Anlamlılık düzeyi %95 olarak kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların % 52.6’sı kadın, % 47.4’ü erkek ve taşkın restorasyonlu dişlerin % 50.9’unun molar diş ve % 49.1’inin premolar dişlerden oluşmaktadır. İncelenen taşkın restorasyonların % 54.38’i üst çenede, % 45.62’si alt çenede yer almaktadır. Taşkın restorasyona sahip dişlerin mezial ve distal bölgelerinde yapılan alveol kemik yıkımı ölçüm değerleri, karşı tarafta yer alan sağlıklı dişlerinin ölçüm değerlerine göre daha yüksektir (p
Ḥurriyya – Freedom, Human ‘Will’, and Related Notions in ‘Ammār al-Baṣrī’s Kitāb al-masāʾil wa-l-aǧwiba
Authors: Varsányi Orsolya
Published: August 2023

The study of ‘Ammār’s understanding of freedom complements previous research on Arabic Christian formulations of the subject. Studies either relate them to the concept of ḥērūṯā in Syriac tradition or the context of Christian-Muslim controversy. I demonstrate that in ‘Ammār’s discussion, on a terminological-lexical level, engagement with Islamic thought is less evident while Syriac influences and Patristic and Greek philosophical parallels can be identified. I reconstruct the meanings of his terms through a close reading of extensive passages and group the occurrences lexically-thematically into the following units: 1. freedom (ḥurriyya, derivations from ḥ-r-r, related or synonymous expressions); 2. capacity, choice (istiṭā‘a, iḫtiyār); 3. acquisition, deserving, necessitating (iktisāb, istiḥqāq, istīğāb); 4. intentions, moral responsibility.
Hungary's inflationary exposures to global price movements
Authors: Koppány Krisztián , Vakhal Péter , Pusztai Pál
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates Hungary's inflationary exposures to global price movements using a simple cost-push input-output price model and a database of inflation-to-output price elasticities (Global Inflation-to-Output Price Elasticity Database, GIOPED) developed on the basis of the OECD's Inter-Country Input-Output Tables. Inflation elasticities are decomposed into local, simple, and complex global value chain effects by applying Wang's decomposition scheme (Wang et al. 2017) to price movements and inflation. Our empirical analysis based on GIOPED elasticities shows that Hungary is highly exposed to global value chain price transmissions originating in Germany, Austria, and Russia; and in particular to changes in energy prices. The crude oil and natural gas price boom and the resulting energy crises caused a significant increase in consumer price levels in Hungary; however, this explains only a fraction of current inflation rates.
Differences in attitudes and beliefs about psychedelic-assisted therapy among social workers, psychiatrists, and psychologists in the United States
Authors: Armstrong Stacey B. , Levin Adam W. , Xin Yitong , Horan Jordan C. , Luoma Jason , Nagib Paul , Pilecki Brian , Davis Alan K.
Published: August 2023

Background and aims

Because psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is likely to be provided by interdisciplinary professional teams comprised of social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists, understanding the acceptability of this treatment approach among these professional disciplines is essential as the treatment advances through approval processes at the Food and Drug Administration.

Methods

The study includes data from three separate survey studies investigating the attitudes and beliefs about PAT among national samples of social workers (n = 309), psychiatrists (n = 181), and psychologists (n = 366). The combined sample (n = 856) was predominantly female (64.3%), with a mean age of 49 (SD = 16.13), and 17 (SD = 13.56) years of professional experience.

Results

There were no significant differences between groups in confidence that PAT would be effective. However, there were significant between-group differences in psychiatrists' understanding of PAT compared to social workers. Next, psychologists' mean ratings of the acceptability of PAT were significantly greater than social workers' ratings. Mean ratings about believing that PAT was a reasonable treatment approach were higher among psychologists compared to social workers and psychiatrists. Additionally, mean ratings regarding the disadvantages of PAT were significantly greater among social workers compared to psychologists and psychiatrists. Lastly, social workers' ratings that PAT could permanently improve clients' lives were significantly lower than psychiatrists and psychologists.

Conclusions

Findings help elucidate overall impressions of PAT among disciplines likely involved in providing this treatment should it be approved and suggest the need for education and training across professions. However, given the inconsistencies across disciplines, more research is needed to inform successful interdisciplinary training programs and better understand potential barriers to dissemination of this new treatment.
DNA barcoding of springsnails (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) endemic to the Trans-Pecos region of Texas (USA)
Authors: Perez Kathryn E. , Saenz Vanessa , Salazar-Lozano Natalia , Schwartz Benjamin F. , Hutchins Benjamin T.
Published: August 2023

In desert environments, unique communities depend on groundwater from springs, including a diverse radiation of small (<5 mm) snails found in the desert across the southwestern United States. Nearly all springsnail species are considered critically imperiled with their existence depending on maintenance of spring-flows in regions of declining water availability. Extant, endemic springsnails in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas include one species of Pseudotryonia Hershler, 2001, five nominal Tryonia W. Stimpson, 1865 (Cochliopidae) and seven Pyrgulopsis Call & Pilsbry, 1886 (Hydrobiidae). Four of these are classified as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Surveys for springsnails were conducted at 128 sites, including 13 sites that were previously reported localities, and 115 previously unsampled spring sites were also searched for new springsnail populations. Sequences of the DNA barcoding region were used to establish a database of known sequences from the named species and confirm identifications of new populations encountered. We report eight new springsnail populations, including new records for T. metcalfi Hershler, Liu & Landye, 2011, T. cheatumi (Pilsbry, 1935), P. ignota Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010, P. metcalfi (D.W. Taylor, 1987), and P. texana (Pilsbry, 1935). We were not able to recollect Juturnia brunei (D.W. Taylor, 1987), T. oasiensis Hershler, Liu & Landye, 2011, or P. davisi (D.W. Taylor, 1987). The DNA barcoding gap for Tryonia ranged from 1.56–4.47% and for Pyrgulopsis from 0.68–1.68%. 
APPLICATION OF ULTRAVIOLET LED SYSTEMS IN THE GRAIN PROCESSING AND COMPOUND FEED INDUSTRIES
Authors: Yeryganov K. , Iegorov B.
Published: August 2023

The materials of the article outline the features of the use of ultraviolet LED systems in industry, and propose a solution for their use in the grain processing and compound feed industry. Ultraviolet light (UV) is a well-researched and widely used means of decontamination and disinfection of surfaces, air, water, and food. Usually, far ultraviolet radiation (or ultraviolet C, UVC) with a wavelength of 254 nm is used, which corresponds to the peak absorption of wave energy by the DNA of a living cell. There is a mathematical mechanism for calculating the parameters of radiation in relation to its effect on microorganisms: a curve describing the microbial death depending on the increase in the radiation dose received by the bacteria and formulae for the relationship between the three main parameters (dose, radiation flux and exposure duration). Ultraviolet lamps (tubes) are commonly used, on the basis of which a large number of emitters have been developed for different needs. There are also emitters for grain and feed disinfection in use, but only outside of industrial production lines. Ultraviolet irradiation is not used directly on manufacturing lines so far. However, it can be used to reduce the microbial burden of a feed or food product prior to packaging the finished product. For this purpose, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) available on the world market today can be used. However, their use faces difficulties: ultraviolet LEDs emit wavelengths longer than lamps (at about 275 nm or more), which requires an increase in the duration of irradiation, which is undesirable for industrial processing of products directly on the line. However, the small size of the UVC LEDs will allow them to be installed in grain processing and feed mills inside equipment (magnetic separators, gravity feeders, etc.) with appropriate protection against damage by moving material. In addition, suspended emitters of any configuration can be placed above belt conveyors that move material at a certain speed. This approach will require certain measures to control the efficiency of irradiation (requires microbiological studies) and to protect personnel from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays (means of personal and collective protection, measurement of radiation intensity).
Control Model of Floodplain Socio-Economic Development Process
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Voronin Alexander , Isaeva Inessa ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2023

The paper presents a mathematical model for managing the process of floodplain socio-economic development, which includes not only a game-theoretic, but also a scenario simulation and a geoinformation models. The main characteristic of the controlled system is a map of the average annual maximum flooding during spring floods. The map is calculated using a softwaremathematical complex for geoinformation and hydrodynamic modeling of surface water dynamics. With the help of game-theoretic modeling tools we analysed an uncontrolled and a controlled processes of buying and selling floodplain territories within the framework of asymmetric awareness using the mechanism of penalties. The paper includes an analytical representation of a Γ1 guaranteeing equilibrium for the simplest functions. The approach, described in the paper, is used to assess the effectiveness of managing the socio-economic development process of the northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. We conducted a numerical search of game-theoretic models equilibria using constructed objective functions of players. The objective functions are based on geoinformation and hydrodynamic modeling. We also analysed the equilibria dependences on model parameters. The simulation model includes a numerical construction of the dependences of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain ecological state assessment on the selling strategies. The paper shows that the level growth of the environmental imperative of society reduces the negative effect of a seller’s use of an aggressive socio-economic development strategy. On the other hand, the slow stabilization of the socioeconomic development process with high solvent demand is due to the available territory exhaustion and the decline in the quality of life with the floodplain ecosystem degradation.