bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN INTEGRATION INTO THE WORLDWIDE EDUCATION PROCESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOXICOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY DISCIPLINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE BOLOGNA SYSTEM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Nizhenkovskaya Iryna , Welchinskaya Elena
Published: November 2016

On the current moment of time one of most important strategic tasks of modernization of the system of higher education inUkraineis the education of high quality provided to the pharmacists in order to satisfy the worldwide needs. Therefore, the improvement of higher education system and formatting of new conceptual directions of its development on the basis of analytical marking and strategic approaches are very important for studying of pharmaceutical courses, namely Toxicological chemistry. Nowadays people live in the conditions of toxicological strain; therefore, we have an important task to give the complete, systematic and accessible knowledge of Toxicological chemistry to the future pharmacists. The purpose of this work is the implementation of new pedagogical, psychological, statistical, chemical, analytical and biochemical methods into the studying of Toxicological chemistry in the conditions of Bologna System inUkraine. Testing control is the first most important modern diagnostic and control instrument used for the evaluation of students’ activities in the conditions of credit-modular system. The second most important instrument is a complex of principles used during the studying of this course such as "general-to-specific and specific-to-general" and “from simple to complex, from complex to simple”, “synthesis and analysis of information”, “visualization of toxicological processes on the new schemes”, work “on-line”. The third important instrument is the connection with modern sciences. All these instruments are provided by credit-modular educational system.
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN BLOOD CENTER: FIRST STEP FOR THE VIRAL SAFETY
Authors: Tashtemirov Kamal , Imangazinov Sagit , Tashtemirova Olga
Published: November 2016

In the last decade a special focus has been based on blood donation system. This is due to two key factors: decline in the number of donors and rising amount of infectious diseases incidence, which increase cost of donated blood procurement. According to WHO recommendations, one of the factors that will improve viral safety of donated blood is information space which includes medical facilities and blood centers. We have analyzed information flows in Pavlodar Region Blood Center in order to formalize them for creation of an information system model.
MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE TEENAGERS’ BLOOD IN AN INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: Namazbaeva Zulkiya , Ismailova Aigul
Published: November 2016

The present study is aimed at the analysis of the human organism of the humans living in the industrial city for a long time. Microelements are an integral part of many proteins. These microelements take part in important biochemical processes especially in performing the basic functions in the free-radical oxidation, oxidation-reduction reactions and tissue respiration. The imbalance of the chemical elements in the human body leads to the development of pathology processes and, at the same time, the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease in children organism does not preclude their metabolic and functional disorders. The investigation included 110 teenagers living in the industrial area. The blood of the sampled teenagers was examined by using the atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915 with electro thermal atomization. We have observed that the carriage of toxic elements such as mercury and cadmium was significantly at higher levels in the teenagers living in industrial areas. The deficiency of vital element (selenium) was also observed. This deficiency is considered to be most dangerous for growing up organism because the functional system of the body is laid down in the teenage. In the future, this carrier can negatively affect fertility, metabolic processes and the formation of the immunity. These results show necessity for a comprehensive biomedical, clinical and functional investigation of the exposed population.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH OF PROCESSES OF SALT FORMATION IN THE WATER OF BALKHASH LAKE
Authors: Dzhetimov Myrzabay , Andasbayev Erlan , Esengabylov Ilias , Koyanbekova Sayle , Tokpanov Erkyn
Published: November 2016

In recent years about 5.04 million tons of salts a year arrive down the River Ili to Balkhash Lake.  Using water of the Ili River for filling the Kapchagaisky reservoirreduced volume of arriving water from the river to 2/3 and decreased  level of the lake. It causes  mineralization, which advances forecasts. Complex research of influence of the IliRiver on the current state of salt formation in Balkhash Lake is needed as well as hydrochemical research of the water area of Balkhash Lake and the Ili River. In our study the chemical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of water with use of classical and physical and chemical methods of the analysis, such as, nuclear and absorbing, roentgen fluоrescence spectrometry and crystal and optical analysis was realized. It is established that crystallization of salts begins with calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite, crystals of nesquehonite join this process, and in deposit the main carbonate of magnesium drops out. Processes of metamorfization with participation of ions of carbonate, hydro carbonate and calcium, are bringing calcite sedimentation. They occur everywhere, but processes with participation of magnesium ions are bringing magnesite or dolomite sedimentation only in extreme east stretch of the lake. In saturated solutions of carbonates there is an increase in ions of potassium in sediment. Thus, their quantities increase a little. It is especially sharp for sulfate and sodium chloride in the direction from the west to the east. The calcium carbonate in the firm phase possesses more absorbing ability, than magnesium carbonate, and the presence of ions of potassium at sediment doesn't change structure of the last. At isothermal evaporation of mix of solutions of potassium carbonate with saturated solution of calcium carbonate, and also potassium sulfate with saturated solution of calcium sulfate and the joint sedimentation of potassium is noticed.
PERSONAL IDENTITY IN THE BALANCE BETWEEN WORK AND FAMILY
Authors: Levterova Dora
Published: November 2016

This paper discusses current trends in the balance between work and family and the personal identity. Submitted results were obtained from the interviews with 60 people over the age of 18 with the method of depth interview. The results demonstrate that maintaining the personal identity is very important for saving the balance work - family. The personal identity is influenced by age, gender, health and values. In the balance between work and family, the personal identity in the life cycle is shifting from the career in youth and adulthood, to the family in later age stages.Although, for the women the maintaining of the balance work - family is more complicated. Their strong and clear identity with the family is supporting the career development. The family identity is a leading and determining factor of the professional identity. If in the family everything is okay, then in the work place everything is okay. The results will be useful for all who are interested in the issues of the identity - for  psychologists, for managers and for family  members.
BETA unveils new EGUS feed assurance scheme
Authors: Williams Claire
Published: November 2016

BETA executive director Claire Williams explains how it works
Autumn and winter worm control
Authors: Talbot Wendy
Published: November 2016

Wendy Talbot, equine veterinary manager at Zoetis summarises the vital facts
Equine health clinics update
Authors: Hannelly Emmeline
Published: November 2016

Emmeline Hannelly, Welfare Education Officer at the British Horse Society, reports on the progress of the castration and healthcare clinics held across the country
Keeping hold of your teachers
Authors: Lynch Sarah
Published: November 2016

New research into retention has uncovered some of the reasons why teachers quit the profession as well as those vital ‘protective factors’ that can help a school to retain, engage and motivate their teachers. Researcher Sarah Lynch takes a look
A New Type of Nanocomposite Based on Bamboo Parenchymal Cells
Authors: Shuangyan Zhang , Chuangui Wang
Published: November 2016

In this study, a kind of nanocomposite was prepared using nanocellulose fibril (NCF) aerogels derived from processed bamboo residues composed mainly of parenchymal cells. NCF aerogels were prepared using an ultrasonication method with freeze-drying. The freeze-dried aerogels were swollen with water and then impregnated with aqueous phenol-formaldehyde resin solutions of varying concentrations. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites with 10 percent (by weight) resin exhibited a tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile toughness of 150 MPa, 5 GPa, and 17 MJ/m3, respectively. Compared with NCF aerogels, the composites demonstrated lower hygroscopicity at high humidity. This combination of toughness, minimal moisture absorption, and other properties is of technical interest for practical applications.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bouchard Norma , Benini Stefania , Carbone Marco Benoît , Heim Julia , Annovi Gian Maria , Koven Mikel J. , Leuzzi Laura , Raizen Karen , Fiumara Francesco , Ciofalo Giovanni , Rigoletto Sergio
Published: November 2016

SCHOOLING IN MODERNITY. THE POLITICS OF SPONSORED FILMS IN POSTWAR ITALY, PAOLA BONIFAZIO (2014) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 304 pp., ISBN: 9781442615984, p/bk, $34.95

NEW VISIONS OF THE CHILD IN ITALIAN CINEMA, DANIELLE HIPKINS AND ROGER PITT (EDS) (2014) Bern: Peter Lang, 342 pp., ISBN: 9783034302692, p/bk, £40.00

UNFINISHED BUSINESS. SCREENING THE ITALIAN MAFIA IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM, DANA RENGA (2014) Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 264 pp., ISBN: 9781442615588, p/bk, £19.75

OSSERVATORIO TV, BARBARA MAIO (2014) Creative Commons Public License (http://www.osservatoriotv.it/Benvenuto.html), 228 pp.

SGUARDO, CORPO, VIOLENZA. SADE E IL CINEMA, ALBERTO BRODESCO (2014) Milano-Udine: Mimesis, 366 pp., ISBN-13: 9788857523057, h/bk, €24

SO DEADLY, SO PERVERSE: 50 YEARS OF ITALIAN GIALLO FILMS, VOLUME 1: 1963–1973, TROY HOWARTH (2014) Baltimore, MD: Midnight Marquee Press Inc., 233 pp., ISBN: 9781936168507, p/bk, $49.95

STORIA DEI MEDIA DIGITALI: RIVOLUZIONI E CONTINUITÀ, GABRIELE BALBI AND PAOLO MAGAUDDA (2014) Rome-Bari: Editori Laterza, 182 pp., ISBN: 9788858116272, p/bk, €20

FILM SOUND IN ITALY: LISTENING TO THE SCREEN, ANTONELLA C. SISTO (2014) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 224 pp., ISBN: 9781137387707, h/bk, $95

FINIRAI: I RETROSCENA DELLA RIFORMA E IL FUTURO DELLA TELEVISIONE, ROBERTO FAENZA (2015) N. P.: Privately published, 224 pp., ISBN: 9788891091321, e-book, €4.99, p/bk, €17

PALINSESTO: STORIA E TECNICA DELLA PROGRAMMAZIONE TELEVISIVA, LUCA BARRA (2015) Roma-Bari: Laterza, 202 pp., ISBN: 9788858117316, p/bk, €20,00

CINEMA, GENDER, AND EVERYDAY SPACE: COMEDY, ITALIAN STYLE, NATALIE FULLWOOD (2015) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 272 pp., ISBN: 9781137403568, h/c/e-book, $95.00
‘Take Notice of the Red Light!’ A history of adult cinemas in Rome
Authors: Bowen Edward
Published: November 2016

This article presents a history of the rise and fall of adult cinemas in Rome. Primarily through research of the newspaper L’Unità’s digitized archive and an interview with Rome’s leading adult film exhibitor, I discuss the proliferation of adult cinemas, patterns in programming at each cinema, as well as their locations and audiences. I argue that adult film exhibition in Rome was not a marginal or peripheral phenomenon and that audiences, even if mostly male, were rather diverse. Beyond the videocassette boom, this article identifies government-led raids as a main catalyst in closing many adult cinemas. I argue that Mayor Francesco Rutelli’s administration forced the closures of six adult cinemas near the Termini train station in the mid-1990s as part of an urban renewal campaign. This case exhibits many parallels with the campaign, piloted by leaders in New York City, to close adult cinemas near Times Square.
A Lexicon for Italian cinema: A conversation about history, theory and critique
Authors: Tagliani Giacomo , Coviello Massimiliano , De Gaetano Roberto , Venzi Luca , Zucconi Francesco
Published: November 2016

This article represents the outcome of a round table organized and conducted by Giacomo Tagliani about the Lessico del cinema Italiano/Lexicon of Italian Cinema (2014–2016). This research and editorial project comprises three volumes and 21 entries that address the history of Italian cinema through an original and challenging approach, namely to detect a list of conceptual clusters able to provide new perspectives over the heritage of Italian films. In this refined version, the authors who took part in that round table, that is, Roberto De Gaetano (also editor of the volumes), Massimiliano Coviello, Luca Venzi and Francesco Zucconi, outline their involvement in the research project, their specific methodological references, their peculiar vision of the history of Italian cinema and eventually their point of view onto its current situation. This written conversation offers a broad survey of Lessico’s key aspects and addresses important methodological, theoretical and critical issues, trying to establish an interdisciplinary dialogue among different fields of studies.
Cryptanalytic Attacks on IDEA Block Cipher
Authors: Sahu Harish Kumar , Jadhav Vikas , Sonavane Shefali , Sharma R.K.
Published: November 2016

International data encryption algorithm (IDEA) is a secret key or symmetric key block cipher. The purpose of IDEA was to replace data encryption standard (DES) cipher, which became practically insecure due to its small key size of 56 bits and increase in computational power of systems. IDEA cipher mainly to provide data confidentiality in variety of applications such as commercial and financial application e.g. pretty good privacy (PGP) protocol. Till 2015, no successful linear or algebraic weaknesses IDEA of have been reported. In this paper, author explained IDEA cipher, its application in PGP and did a systematic survey of various attacks attempted on IDEA cipher. The best cryptanalysis result which applied to all keys could break IDEA up to 6 rounds out of 8.5 rounds of the full IDEA cipher1. But the attack requires 264 known plaintexts and 2126.8 operations for reduced round version. This attack is practically not feasible due to above mention mammoth data and time requirements. So IDEA cipher is still completely secure for practical usage. PGP v2.0 uses IDEA cipher in place of BassOmatic which was found to be insecure for providing data confidentiality.
On the Number of Integer Recurrence Relations
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Pillai N.R. , Sharma R.K.
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the number of k-stage integer recurrence relations (IRR) over the ring Z2 which generates sequences of maximum possible period (2k-1)2e-1 for e>1. This number corresponds to the primitive polynomials mod 2 which satisfy the condition proposed by Brent and is2(e-2)k+1(2k-1-1) for  e>3. This number is same as measured by Dai but arrived at with a different condition for maximum period. Our way of counting gives an explicit method for construction of such polynomials. Furthermore, this paper also presents the number of different sequences corresponding to such IRRs of maximum period.
Comparison of 3D Versus 4D Path Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Cicibas Halil , Demir Kadir Alpaslan , Arica Nafiz
Published: November 2016

This research compares 3D versus 4D (three spatial dimensions and the time dimension) multi-objective and multi-criteria path-planning for unmanned aerial vehicles in complex dynamic environments. In this study, we empirically analyse the performances of 3D and 4D path planning approaches. Using the empirical data, we show that the 4D approach is superior over the 3D approach especially in complex dynamic environments. The research model consisting of flight objectives and criteria is developed based on interviews with an experienced military UAV pilot and mission planner to establish realism and relevancy in unmanned aerial vehicle flight planning. Furthermore, this study incorporates one of the most comprehensive set of criteria identified during our literature search. The simulation results clearly show that the 4D path planning approach is able to provide solutions in complex dynamic environments in which the 3D approach could not find a solution.
Association Between the Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale and Physical Functions in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults Using Long-term Care Services
Authors: Saito Takashi , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Watanabe Shuichiro
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose:

The Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale (FIDS), a newly developed basic activities of daily living (BADL) assessment tool, assesses both independence and subjective difficulty of BADL performance. This patient-reported outcome measure has been shown to have acceptable internal consistency, concurrent validity, and reliability. However, little is known about the relationship between FIDS and objective measures of physical function among older Japanese adults using long-term care insurance services. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between FIDS and physical functions and to examine the concurrent validity of FIDS against physical functions.

Methods:

Participants of this cross-sectional, correlational research study included community-dwelling Japanese adults aged 65 years or older and certified as long-term care insurance service users with musculoskeletal disease, internal disease, cerebrovascular diseases without observable motor paralysis, and others. Data on physical functions, including muscle strength (grip strength and isometric knee extension muscle strength [IKEMS]), flexibility (range of motion [ROM] of hip flexion and knee flexion), balance (Modified Functional Reach Test [M-FRT]) and gait performance (timed 2.4-m walk), and BADL performance assessed by FIDS, were obtained. Associations between FIDS scores and physical functions were determined by Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlations after controlling for subject age and sex.

Results:

Data were collected on 53 participants (mean age = 81.9 years; 62.3% women). Spearman partial correlation coefficients controlled for sex and age between FIDS score and grip strength, IKEMS, ROM of hip flexion, ROM of knee flexion, M-FRT, and timed 2.4-m walk were 0.47 (P = .001), 0.44 (P = .001), 0.29 (P = .04), −0.05 (P = .73), 0.51 (P < .001), and −0.64 (P < .001), respectively. The strength of association was moderate for the M-FRT and 2.4-m walk and was low for grip strength and IKEMS. However, ROM of the knee showed no significant association and hip flexion had negligible association with FIDS.

Conclusions:

The FIDS, a patient-reported BADL assessment tool, mainly reflected balance and gait performance and had concurrent validity as an objective measure of balance and gait performance.
“Fear of the Known and Unknown”: Factors Affecting Participation Following Knee Replacement Among Persons With Participation Restriction
Authors: Maxwell Jessica , Vaughan Molly , Ledingham Aileen , Felson David , Keysor Julie
Published: November 2016

Background/purpose:

Evidence suggests that more than 30% of patients post-total knee replacement (TKR) are living with participation restrictions, yet little is known about their perceptions of and factors contributing to these restrictions. The purpose of this study was to identify emergent or recurring themes behind participation restrictions after TKR.

Methods:

Nineteen participants between 50 and 85 years old reporting participation restrictions 1 to 5 years post-TKR completed semistructured qualitative interviews about their participation experience after TKR. Participants provided background information in written questionnaires. Data collected from in-person interviews were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach.

Results:

Participants discussed 3 major themes with regard to participation post-TKR: (1) limiting activities requiring long-distance walking due to continued knee impairments, (2) avoiding activities with negative or unknown outcome expectancies, and (3) using problem solving to identify strategies to participate in important activities.

Conclusions:

An unknown or negative outcome expectancy, particularly with regard to activities requiring long-distance walking, may lead to participation restrictions in some patients post-TKR. As participants reported using self-efficacy and coping strategies to improve participation, further physical rehabilitation or interdisciplinary rehabilitation incorporating the identified strategies may be effective with some patients post-TKR.
Graph Theoretic and Motif Analyses of the Hippocampal Neuron Type Potential Connectome
Authors: Rees Christopher L. , Wheeler Diek W. , Hamilton David J. , White Charise M. , Komendantov Alexander O. , Ascoli Giorgio A.
Published: November 2016

We computed the potential connectivity map of all known neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation by supplementing scantly available synaptic data with spatial distributions of axons and dendrites from the open-access knowledge base Hippocampome.org. The network that results from this endeavor, the broadest and most complete for a mammalian cortical region at the neuron-type level to date, contains more than 3200 connections among 122 neuron types across six subregions. Analyses of these data using graph theory metrics unveil the fundamental architectural principles of the hippocampal circuit. Globally, we identify a highly specialized topology minimizing communication cost; a modular structure underscoring the prominence of the trisynaptic loop; a core set of neuron types serving as information-processing hubs as well as a distinct group of particular antihub neurons; a nested, two-tier rich club managing much of the network traffic; and an innate resilience to random perturbations. At the local level, we uncover the basic building blocks, or connectivity patterns, that combine to produce complex global functionality, and we benchmark their utilization in the circuit relative to random networks. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive connectivity profile of the hippocampus, yielding novel insights on its functional operations at the computationally crucial level of neuron types.
Altered Oscillatory Dynamics of CA1 Parvalbumin Basket Cells during Theta–Gamma Rhythmopathies of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Lopez-Pigozzi Diego , Laurent François , Brotons-Mas Jorge R. , Valderrama Mario , Valero Manuel , Fernandez-Lamo Ivan , Cid Elena , Gomez-Dominguez Daniel , Gal Beatriz , Menendez de la Prida Liset
Published: November 2016

Recent reports in human demonstrate a role of theta–gamma coupling in memory for spatial episodes and a lack of coupling in people experiencing temporal lobe epilepsy, but the mechanisms are unknown. Using multisite silicon probe recordings of epileptic rats engaged in episodic-like object recognition tasks, we sought to evaluate the role of theta–gamma coupling in the absence of epileptiform activities. Our data reveal a specific association between theta–gamma (30–60 Hz) coupling at the proximal stratum radiatum of CA1 and spatial memory deficits. We targeted the microcircuit mechanisms with a novel approach to identify putative interneuronal types in tetrode recordings (parvalbumin basket cells in particular) and validated classification criteria in the epileptic context with neurochemical identification of intracellularly recorded cells. In epileptic rats, putative parvalbumin basket cells fired poorly modulated at the falling theta phase, consistent with weaker inputs from Schaffer collaterals and attenuated gamma oscillations, as evaluated by theta-phase decomposition of current–source density signals. We propose that theta–gamma interneuronal rhythmopathies of the temporal lobe are intimately related to episodic memory dysfunction in this condition.
Mitochondria‐associated membrane collapse is a common pathomechanism in SIGMAR1‐ and SOD1‐linked ALS
Authors: Watanabe Seiji , Ilieva Hristelina , Tamada Hiromi , Nomura Hanae , Komine Okiru , Endo Fumito , Jin Shijie , Mancias Pedro , Kiyama Hiroshi , Yamanaka Koji
Published: November 2016

A homozygous mutation in the gene for sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) is a cause of inherited juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS16). Sig1R localizes to the mitochondria‐associated membrane (MAM), which is an interface of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, the role of the MAM in ALS is not fully elucidated. Here, we identified a homozygous p.L95fs mutation of Sig1R as a novel cause of ALS16. ALS‐linked Sig1R variants were unstable and incapable of binding to inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3). The onset of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1)‐mediated ALS disease in mice was accelerated when Sig1R was deficient. Moreover, either deficiency of Sig1R or accumulation of mutant SOD1 induced MAM disruption, resulting in mislocalization of IP3R3 from the MAM, calpain activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings indicate that a loss of Sig1R function is causative for ALS16, and collapse of the MAM is a common pathomechanism in both Sig1R‐ and SOD1‐linked ALS. Furthermore, our discovery of the selective enrichment of IP3R3 in motor neurons suggests that integrity of the MAM is crucial for the selective vulnerability in ALS.
Akkermansia muciniphila improves metabolic profiles by reducing inflammation in chow diet-fed mice
Authors: Zhao Shaoqian , Liu Wen , Wang Jiqiu , Shi Juan , Sun Yingkai , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Liu Ruixin , Hong Jie
Published: November 2016

Abnormal shifts in the composition of gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The crosstalk between gut microbes and the host affects the inflammatory status and glucose tolerance of the individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated completely. In this study, we treated the lean chow diet-fed mice with Akkermansia muciniphila, which is thought to be inversely correlated with inflammation status and body weight in rodents and humans, and we found that A. muciniphila supplementation by daily gavage for five weeks significantly alleviated body weight gain and reduced fat mass. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were also improved by A. muciniphila supplementation compared with the vehicle. Furthermore, A. muciniphila supplementation reduced gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis and transport in liver and muscle; meanwhile, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver and muscle was also alleviated by A. muciniphila. More importantly, A. muciniphila supplementation reduced chronic low-grade inflammation, as reflected by decreased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) and leptin, as well as inactivated LPS/LBP downstream signaling (e.g. decreased phospho-JNK and increased IKBA expression) in liver and muscle. Moreover, metabolomics profiling in plasma also revealed an increase in anti-inflammatory factors such as α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol and a decrease of representative amino acids. In summary, our study demonstrated that A. muciniphila supplementation relieved metabolic inflammation, providing underlying mechanisms for the interaction of A. muciniphila and host health, pointing to possibilities for metabolic benefits using specific probiotics supplementation in metabolic healthy individuals.
Wolbachia in theDrosophila yakubaComplex: Pervasive Frequency Variation and Weak Cytoplasmic Incompatibility, but No Apparent Effect on Reproductive Isolation
Authors: Cooper Brandon S , Ginsberg Paul S , Turelli Michael , Matute Daniel R
Published: November 2016

Three hybridizing species—the clade [(Drosophila yakuba, D. santomea), D. teissieri]—comprise the yakuba complex in the D. melanogaster subgroup. Their ranges overlap on Bioko and São Tomé, islands off west Africa. All three species are infected with Wolbachia—maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria, best known for manipulating host reproduction to favor infected females. Previous analyses reported no cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in these species. However, we discovered that Wolbachia from each species cause intraspecific and interspecific CI. In D. teissieri, analyses of F1 and backcross genotypes show that both host genotype and Wolbachia variation modulate CI intensity. Wolbachia-infected females seem largely protected from intraspecific and interspecific CI, irrespective of Wolbachia and host genotypes. Wolbachia do not affect host mating behavior or female fecundity, within or between species. The latter suggests little apparent effect of Wolbachia on premating or gametic reproductive isolation (RI) between host species. In nature, Wolbachia frequencies varied spatially for D. yakuba in 2009, with 76% (N = 155) infected on São Tomé, and only 3% (N = 36) infected on Bioko; frequencies also varied temporally in D. yakuba and D. santomea on São Tomé between 2009 and 2015. These temporal frequency fluctuations could generate asymmetries in interspecific mating success, and contribute to postzygotic RI. However, the fluctuations in Wolbachia frequencies that we observe also suggest that asymmetries are unlikely to persist. Finally, we address theoretical questions that our empirical findings raise about Wolbachia persistence when conditions fluctuate, and about the stable coexistence of Wolbachia and host variants that modulate Wolbachia effects.
Disponibilidad léxica en estudiantes de primer semestre de pregrado de una institución universitaria de Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Garzón Segura Anni Marcela , Penagos López Luis Alberto
Published: November 2016

En este artículo, se presenta un estudio de disponibilidad léxica realizado sobre la muestra de alumnos de primer semestre de pregrado de una institución universitaria de Villavicencio, Colombia. Se usó la Encuesta de Disponibilidad Léxica, la cual recoge el léxico de los estudiantes a través de 16 centros de interés, más 5 añadidos por los investigadores. Se realizó el análisis de resultados a través del programa informático Dispolex. Los resultados presentan los índices de disponibilidad léxica y de cohesión, así como la totalidad de palabras y vocablos informados por los estudiantes. De esta manera, se hizo un análisis cuantitativo que mostró una disponibilidad léxica baja y difusa que es similar a la de otras investigaciones con poblaciones semejantes. Además, se encontró que las variables sociodemográficas no generan diferencias significativas en el léxico disponible, sino que son los estímulos o centros de interés los que explican las diferencias encontradas.
Osmophore diversity in the Catasetum cristatum Lindl. alliance (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae)
Authors: Franken Evelyn P. , Pansarin Ludmila M. , Pansarin Emerson R.
Published: November 2016

Catasetum is a neotropical orchid genus of 130 species characterized by its unisexual flowers. They are pollinated by male Euglossini bees. It is widely know that these bees collect volatile compounds in Catasetum from structures called osmophores. However, there is little information on morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of secretory tissues for this neotropical genus and data are lacking. Based on these arguments members of the Catasetum cristatum alliance, namely C. arietinum, C. ariquemense, C. barbatum, C. carolinianum, C. cristatum, C. lanciferum, C. multifidum, C. multifissum, C. rivularium and C. semicirculatum were analyzed. The labellum of male flowers of this alliance is elongate and with fimbriate margins, possessing two protuberances and a median saccate portion. The labellum of female flowers is galeiform and there is no ornamentation. The entire adaxial surface of the labellum is secretory in both sexes, including the fimbriae of male flowers. The structure of the secretory tissue is similar among species, and they are composed of a simple epidermis and five layers of underlying parenchyma. In most species the epidermis is flat, and cells are elongated in the saccate portion. In C. ariquemense and C. carolinianum the epidermal cells are papilous, while in C. semicirculatum they have convex surface (male flowers). The histochemical analysis detected lipophilic droplets and starch grains inside the secretory cells. All characteristics observed are encountered in secretory tissues with high-energy demand, as is common in osmophores.
Publicaciones
Authors: UCR REVISTARQUIS
Published: November 2016

La sección de Publicaciones hace referencia a proyectos de diseño, investigaciones, publicaciones de libros, revistas, sitios relacionados con la arquitectura, urbanismo, enlaces virtuales con asociaciones nacionales e internacionales y Trabajos Finales de Graduación (TFG) de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la UCR, tanto de Grado (G) como de Posgrado (PG). Estos TFG vienen publicándose desde el primer número de REVISTARQUIS con una numeración secuencial asociada a la biblioteca de la escuela.
MUA
Authors: Arguedas Leonardo
Published: November 2016

Presentación El proyecto MUA resultó electo como propuesta ganadora en la categoría de Objeto Arquitectónico en el Primer Concurso de Diseño de Arquitectura organizado por la Asociación de Estudiantes de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Costa Rica (AEDA).MUA comprende el desarrollo de una propuesta edilicia para la Municipalidad del cantón de Atenas que se complementa con el diseño de un espacio público para vincular la actividad propia de la gestión municipal con la población circundante.PresentationThe MUA project proposal was selected as the winner in the category of Architectural Object in the First Architecture Design Competition organized by the Association of Students of Architecture of the University of Costa Rica (AEDA). MUA includes the development of a building proposal for the Municipality of Atenas and is complemented by the design of a public space to link the municipal management activity with the surrounding population.
Regeneración urbana integrada: proyectos de acupuntura en Medellín
Authors: Ramírez María José , Kapstein Paula
Published: November 2016

Resumen En la última década, Medellín ha pasado de ser una ciudad de alta peligrosidad y con gran cantidad de problemas asociados a la vulnerabilidad social de sus barrios, a constituirse en un ejemplo de innovación en la gestión urbana, lo cual se traduce en la variedad de políticas y programas llevados a cabo con el objeto de regenerar sus barrios más pobres y de mejorar su accesibilidad, ya que la mayoría de estos barrios se sitúan en la periferia de la ciudad. Las actuaciones de acupuntura urbana, concebidas bajo la figura de planeamiento denominada Proyecto Urbano Integral (PUI), han sido capaces de reforzar elementos de resiliencia propios de los barrios, entre los cuales se cuenta el capital social. En este artículo se presenta la acupuntura urbana como un concepto referido a prácticas que son propias de la regeneración urbana integrada, considerando sus dos ejes: la intervención urbanística en la ciudad y la integración de elementos que permiten reforzar la cohesión social mejorando los procesos de identicación del ciudadano con su ciudad.AbstractIn the last decade Medellin has transformed itself from a dangerous city, suffering many problems associated with the social vulnerability of its neighborhoods, to a positive example urban innovation. This is a result of a wide range of programs specially created to regenerate the most vulnerable peripheral areas of the city, improving their accessibility. The urban acupuncture actions that were created under a new comprehensive urban planning tool (PUI), have been able to reinforce the elements of resilience and social capital already possessed by the neighborhoods. The article presents urban acupuncture as a concept congruent with practices carried out by an integral urban regeneration processes which focuses on two major subjects: the urban intervention in the city, and the integration of elements that make possible the reinforcement of social cohesion, while improving the citizen´s identity within the city.
Museo de los desplazados. Archivo de procesos de gentrificación
Authors: Left Hand Rotation Colectivo
Published: November 2016

Resumen El Museo de los Desplazados es una plataforma de colaboración creada por el Colectivo Left Hand Rotation que surge como conclusión del proyecto - taller “Gentrificación No es un Nombre de Señora” en el que se analiza el papel de la cultura en los procesos de gentrificación. El Museo de los Desplazados es un archivo de material de registro de todo aquello que se pierde en los procesos de gentrificación (vídeo, foto, sonido, esquemas de información) y de acciones que impliquen documentación de los procesos de gentrificación y/o acercamiento de la información e interrelación con los perfiles potencialmente en peligro de ser desplazados por procesos de gentrificación.Abstract Museo de los Desplazados is a platform created by the Collective Left Hand Rotation arising as completion of the project - workshop “Gentrificación No es un Nombre de Señora” which discusses the role of culture in the processes of gentrification. Museo de los Desplazados is an attempt to record all that is lost to gentrification (video, picture, sound, layout information) and actions that involve documentation of gentrification and interaction with profiles potentially in danger of being displaced by gentrification.
Is subtitling equally effective everywhere? A first cross-national study on the reception of interlingually subtitled messages
Authors: Perego Elisa , Laskowska Monika , Matamala Anna , Remael Aline , Robert Isabelle S. , Szarkowska Agnieszka , Vilaró Anna , Bottiroli Sara
Published: November 2016

Recent research on the reception of interlingual subtitling revealed that it is cognitively effective: watching a subtitled film results in a good understanding of the film content, it does not require a significant tradeoff between image processing and text processing, and it leads to a good performance in the recognition of the words and expressions contained in the subtitles. To date, the studies that revealed the effectiveness of subtitle processing have been conducted mono-nationally — e.g. d’Ydewalle and De Bruycker (2007) in Belgium; Wissmath et al. (2009) in Switzerland; Perego et al. (2010, 2015) in Italy; Hinkin et al. (2014) in the US. However, it has not yet been demonstrated empirically whether subtitle effectiveness varies depending on the familiarity of viewers with subtitles. The cross-national study described in this paper aims to fill this gap and appraise the cognitive performance and overall appreciation of a moderately complex subtitled film by viewers with different degrees of familiarity with subtitles, i.e., viewers living in countries (Italy, Spain, Poland and Dutch-speaking Belgium) with different audiovisual translation traditions. The main findings reveal that subtitling is effective irrespective of users’ familiarity with it, although it is not enjoyed equally among the tested populations.
Developing and measuring healthcare capacity and quality in Burundi: LifeNet International’s horizontal conversion franchise model
Authors: Brooks Michael F , Ehrenfried Maggie
Published: November 2016

In a departure from traditional “vertical” healthcare interventions in low-resource settings that work to combat a single specific health issue, LifeNet International (LN) uses a horizontal conversion franchise to develop and measure healthcare capacity and quality in primarily faith-based health centers in East Africa. Through a comprehensive franchise package of Medical Training, Management Training, Pharmaceutical Supply, and Growth Financing, LN is able to leverage existing resources and respond to a greater number of the obstacles preventing facilities from providing quality care. Through its Quality Score Card, LN measures improvements in quality of care within its network. This tool has measured consistent and significant improvements in quality of care following LN partnership. Together, these services improve quality of care at East African primary care facilities in ways that issue-specific, “vertical” interventions cannot.
Modern Medicine Failed Me in Kenya
Authors: Butler Kathryn L.
Published: November 2016

An account of the limitations of a purely medical approach to cross-cultural service, and the leaarning that occurs by listening to what care recipients have to speak into care-giver's lives.
PRIME Partnerships in International Medical Education - Restoring a Christian ethos to medical education worldwide
Authors: Morgan Huw
Published: November 2016

Modern medicine has developed from an essentially Christian world-view and in Western countries has been greatly influenced by the Christian tradition of hospitality and caring for the sick. However, during the 20th century, medical education became increasingly secularised and focussed on the bio-physical model of disease, losing sight of a holistic view of the person that includes awareness of a spiritual dimension. Former Communist countries in particular have little recent tradition of caring, and medical education there tends to be characterised by poor role-models and out-dated didactic teaching. In the resource poor countries of the global South there are many Christian hospitals and clinics but often a lack of experienced medical teachers. Partnerships in International Medical Education (PRIME)’s vision and mission is to support health-care education worldwide to restore a Christian-based holistic approach to patients, and act as a resource where needed, tailoring medical educational programmes to meet the needs of overseas partners (or colleagues in the NHS). Using interactive leaner-centred and problem- based educational methods, PRIME tutors (all experienced and qualified Christian medical educators) seek to model patient-centred care by using learner-centred teaching, valuing each person as a bearer of the image of God. Most of PRIME’s teaching involves the doctor-patient relationship, communication skills, compassion, ethics and professionalism, often based around particular clinical scenarios to suit the learners. Small teams of voluntary tutors visiting partner institutions and colleagues for a few weeks a year can have a surprisingly large impact, as those grasping the vision become advocates for positive change in their own situations. Training of trainers and teachers in learner-centred, androgogic methodology to build capacity and sustainability is also a major part of the work.
Mobilizing and training academic faculty for medical mission: current status and future directions
Authors: Smith James D , Holland Roger P , Phillips J Dwight , Falkenheimer Sharon A
Published: November 2016

As more mission groups become involved with health care education, by starting medical and nursing schools, postgraduate training programs and paramedical professional training, there is a need to recruit expatriate faculty from high income countries to help start programs as there are few national health care education professionals available in the mission setting in most low- and middle-income countries. This paper outlines the current status and needs for academic faculty in health care education mission settings. A working group of medical educators met in conjunction with the Global Missions Health Conference in November 2015 and discussed the motivational factors which lead Christian academics to volunteer, both short- and long-term in mission settings. The group then looked at barriers to volunteering and made suggestions for future directions and best practices when mobilizing academics from high income countries.
A realist evaluation of the formation of groups of people with disabilities in North India
Authors: Young Rebekah , Reeve Matthew , Devine Alex , Singh Lawrence , Grills Nathan
Published: November 2016

Background: Disabled Peoples’ Organisations (DPOs) are organisations established by and for people with disabilities. Formation of Disabled Peoples’ Groups (DPGs) and DPOs in low- and middle-income countries is currently one method for implementing disability-inclusive development strategies. While there is evidence that such groups can achieve beneficial outcomes for people with disabilities, they seem to form and function differently in different settings and little is understood about why this is the case. This study aimed to explore how and why different factors affect the development and operation of DPGs by investigating the contextual factors and mechanisms that enable and hinder the formation and functioning of DPGs in North India.
Methods: This study adopted a realist approach to evaluation. Preliminary context-mechanism-outcome configurations were developed, tested empirically, and refined by undertaking five case studies in the state of Uttarakhand, India.
Results: Results from this study were grouped under the broad, emergent themes of factors related to: 1) external supports; 2) community and physical environment; and 3) group composition. It was found that external entities could support the development of DPGs by advocating for the rights of people with disabilities, and providing information, knowledge, and funding to groups. Support from local village leadership was central to facilitating group formation and functioning, but the benefit of this support was amplified when DPGs formed strong networks with other similar groups. DPGs displayed a capacity for stimulating positive societal changes in regard to disability through influencing societal understandings of disability, and improving inclusion and participation of people with disabilities.
Conclusions: While the results of this study were specific to the context in which it was undertaken, many findings were consistent with those in the literature, suggesting that there may be common principles that can be applied to other contexts. By providing insight into the contextual factors that affected DPG formation and function, the findings of this study may assist those involved in DPG formation to adapt models and methods to better suit specific contexts.
Outcomes of a faculty development conference in Mongolia
Authors: Kroeker Deborah A , Walling Anne
Published: November 2016

Background: Medical Education International (MEI), an organization that provides faculty development to medical educators in developing countries, wanted information on the program effectiveness of its faculty development conferences.
Objectives: To assess the outcomes of an MEI faculty development conference in Mongolia on the knowledge, confidence in applying new skills, and attitudes of participants.
Methods: A retrospective pretest survey of participants was used to assess the outcomes of a 3-day faculty development conference given twice at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. The survey assessed participant views on their ability to meet the objectives of the conference, the perceived overall value of the conference, and their suggestions for improvements in future MEI conferences.
Results: Twenty participants (65%) completed surveys. Participants reported significant changes in agreement with their ability to meet the objectives of the conference in all of the pre-post measures (pre-post p<0.001). The value of attending the conference was ranked at a mean score of 4.05 on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating “Strongly Disagree” and 5 “Strongly Agree.” Conference attendees indicated interest in additional training on more advanced topics.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that conference attendees gained knowledge and confidence in applying new skills and valued the training received from a faculty development conference led by physicians from the USA. Further research is needed to determine long-term impact on residency education in Mongolia.