bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O POETA E O PSICANALISTA: A INQUIETANTE ESTRANHEZA DO DUPLO
Authors: Vorsatz Ingrid de Mello , Martins Renata Dahwache
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma articulação entre psicanálise e literatura, partindo da premissa de que ambas têm como fundamento o campo da palavra e da linguagem, guardadas as devidas especificidades de cada um desses campos. Partiremos das próprias indicações freudianas contidas em duas cartas de Freud endereçadas ao escritor e também médico vienense Arthur Schnitzler, seu contemporâneo, para problematizar aquilo que aproxima – bem como disjunta - o escritor-poeta (Dichter) do psicanalista. Ao nomear Schnitzler como o seu duplo (Doppelgänger), Freud assinala a estranha familiaridade entre os procedimentos psicanalítico e literário. A fim de situar a questão, faremos uma breve incursão sobre a noção germânica de Kultur, que caracteriza o solo comum entre Freud e Schnitzler. Contudo, Freud se distancia da perspectiva contida na ideia de cultivo de si (Bildung), integrante da Kultur, ao introduzir, no seio da civilização, um mal-estar irredutível.
Assessment of the European banking regulatory framework in light of its significance for the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Ristić Kristijan , Živković Aleksandar
Published: October 2020

The debt crisis in the European Union is known to be caused by the interdependence of banking and state financial stability, and, together with the non-existence of the fiscal union, it has taken on the existential dimensions of the EU project itself. Under the guise of financial fragmentation within the financial markets of the Eurozone, and from the aspect of the outbreak of the crisis, EU member states resorted to national interventions, thus closing national banking and financial markets, which ultimately resulted in deepened and stronger structural foundation of the crisis and its economic and financial consequences. In that context, the Banking Union is the regulatory and institutional response of the EU after the global financial crisis, about which the first proposals have found a place in institutional controversies since 2012. In addition to the key moment and motive for establishing such an institutional regulatory arrangement, the reason for its creation is more to create a union that is connected with the creation of a single market for financial services and free money circulation, and certainly with the tendency of fuller monetary integration. However, certain questions which arose remained relevant to date: whether these established and instrumentalized frameworks, mechanisms and procedures are in fact sufficient; whether the EU banking union, conceptually designed, really represents banking integration; and whether the "centralized-common" and "sovereign-national" relationships continued in the EU financial architecture, the use of the principle "one measure for all" in the implementation of the Basel III, non-inclusion of all types of banks, and the conflict of emission and supervisory roles of the Central Bank, be a structural conflict in achieving the desired financial stability, which is the ultimate goal. In the broader context of the functioning of the EU, financial stability can also be interpreted as a factor in the survival of the common currency and the European Union itself, regardless of the intertwined contradictions and construction conflict. In this paper, we analyze the functional scope of the regulatory framework for banking supervision in the EU during the five-year existence to date, and finally the effects and impact that this framework has had on the regulatory adjustment of the Serbian banking sector.
Legitimate interest as legal grounds for processing personal data
Authors: Dolenc Dubravka
Published: October 2020

The article elaborates the legal basis for data processing provided in Article 12, item 6 of the Law on Personal Data Protection, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia no. 87 as of 13 November 2018. The article deals with the comparative advantages of implementing this legal basis in relation to others and provides a practical overview in terms of legitimate interest as an equivalent legal basis to other legal bases of data processing. Examples of good practice of the British Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Protection, as well as the practice of the Agency for Personal Data Protection - the Croatian supervisory authority for data protection - are presented, as well as a significant part of the exceedingly relevant Opinion no. 06/2014 of the Working Party referred to in Article 29 of the cited Directive 95/46 (now the European Data Protection Board). Special attention is given to the so-called LIA, a legitimate interest assessment document and a test of the balance between legitimate interest and the rights and freedoms of individuals, with regard to the processing of personal data. Finally, the article presents the safeguards that must be provided to individuals whose personal data are processed - as well as the need for transparency - in terms of informing individuals of the existence of a legitimate interest, as well as all other necessary information that must be provided to ensure the fair and lawful processing of personal data.
The rise of the doctrine of neoliberalism
Authors: Jovanović Milan
Published: October 2020

The text deals with the analysis of the doctrine of neoliberalism as the dominant political-economic direction of a modern capitalist society. The paper first points to the meaning of the term itself, taking into account the numerous specificities and contradictions that this direction brings with it. An analysis of the works of the most significant representatives of neoliberal thought attempts to determine the basic values and principles governing neoliberal theorists, and whether neoliberalism can be considered the successor to classical liberalism or if it is a completely new direction in the development of economic thought. It pointed to the historical circumstances that led to the seemingly forgotten policy of economic liberalism becoming the mainstay of economic science in the 1980s. Also, the policy of neo-liberalism has had its practical operationalization, first in Latin American countries, but above all in the United States and Great Britain, where it is also known as "reganomics" or "Thatcherism". The transition of post-socialist economies has emerged as a major issue at the end of the last century, with a considerable number of countries approaching this problem in line with the recommendations of international financial institutions and programs based on the principles of neoliberalism. In this regard, the paper analyzes the main values of the neoliberal trend, as well as the historical circumstances that led to neoliberalism becoming the dominant socio-economic doctrine.
On initiative of Supreme Court of Cassation for amendments to the Civil Procedure Code
Authors: Bodiroga Nikola
Published: October 2020

The current Civil Procedure Code has been in force since February 1, 2012. Its provisions dealing with a special procedure for the protection of collective interests, provisions regulating legal counsel, and provisions related to deadline for requesting reopening of proceedings have been quashed by the Constitutional Court. Signifi cant changes to the Civil Procedure Code have been passed by the Serbian Parliament in 2014. According to these changes, appeal on points of law has become widely accessible for parties to the proceedings. The threshold for lodging this extraordinary legal remedy has been reduced from 100.000 to 40.000 euros in the general procedure, and from 300.000 euros to 100.000 euros in commercial disputes. Regardless of that threshold, appeal on the points of law has become admissible if the second instance court has reversed the judgment of the first instance court and if the second instance court has adopted appeal, quashed the judgement of the first instance court and decided on the claims of the parties. If these conditions for lodging appeal on the points of law have not been met, a party may lodge an appeal on the points of law if the Supreme Court of Cassation declares this legal remedy admissible in order to unify jurisprudence, or to provide new interpretation of the law, or to consider some other issues of general importance. These legislative changes have turned appeal on the points of law into ordinary legal remedy and prevented the Supreme Court of Cassation to perform its main role in our judicial system. Therefore, the Supreme Court of Cassation has proposed necessary changes to the Civil Procedure Code. In this paper, we have analysed these proposals and their impact on the protection of rights of the parties.
Use of copyrighted works: Between freedom of expression and infringement of copyright and related rights
Authors: Ivanović Svjetlana
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the analysis of copyright and related rights aspects of the creation of works and protected subject matters that arise from the use of excerpts from other people's copyrighted works. Modern technology has enabled various forms of combining and modifying parts of other people's works in various fields of creativity. Today's popular culture abounds with new forms of expression of creativity, which are largely based on the use of existing content. Creating new content from existing photos, videos, music has become an everyday activity for most people. Some new music directions are based on the use of other people's works, for example - hip hop. Sampling is the reuse of a portion of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sounds, and maybe sped up or slowed down, looped, or otherwise manipulated. Sampling is the focus of our interest due to the litigation in Germany which was brought to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The paper analyses certain issues from the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Pelham case, in which the subject of the dispute was the use of a noticeably short excerpt from someone else's composition. The judgment specifi es the conditions under which there is an infringement of copyright and phonogram producer's rights, especially reproduction and adaptation rights. The phonogram producer's exclusive right to reproduce his or her phonogram allows him to prevent another person from taking a sound sample, even if very short, of his or her phonogram for the purposes of including that sample in another phonogram, unless that sample is included in the phonogram in a modified form unrecognizable to the ear. The judgment deals with copyright and related rights exceptions and limitations. Regarding the quotation exception, the Court stated that the user of a sample might invoke the quotation defence only in relation to a sample that is recognizable to the ear. Also, the judgment deals with the influence of freedom of expression on the shaping of copyright and related rights exceptions and limitations. A fair balance must be struck between the interest of the holders of copyright and related rights in the protection of their intellectual property rights, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the protection of the interests and fundamental rights of users of the protected subject matter.
Pre-emption right of shareholder to acquire shares in the limited liability company
Authors: Babić Ilija
Published: October 2020

A limited liability company is a company with share capital. Each member of an LLC can freely transfer his share to one, more or all other members by inter vivos and mortis causa transactions (mainly contracts). If share is transferred to a third party, all LLC members have the right of preemption. It is a rule of dispositive nature and, therefore, it can be excluded by the Memorandum of Association. A member of an LLC who plans to transfer his share to a third party shall previously send an offer to the other members in the form of LLC membership share transfer agreement. The signature of the transferee on an offer must be authenticated by a notary. The notary shall confirm that offer if share of the transferee includes real estate or when it is governed by the special act. If a LLC member believes his right of pre-emption has been violated, he can bring a complaint to the relevant court demanding: 1) that the contract or any other act related to the transfer of share should be cancelled, or 2) the obligation of the defendant (member against whom the claim is brought) to transfer his share to the plaintiff, i.e. that a judgment of the court replaces share transfer agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant. The complaint can be brought within 30 days (subjective term) from the moment when LLC member had been informed about the conclusion of share transfer agreement, but not later than six months after share transfer registration in Business Registers Agency (objective term). After the expiration of these terms, the complaint will be rejected, and therefore disposal of shares will be strengthened.
Suppression of unfair sales of insurance products under the Insurance Distribution Directive
Authors: Goravica Milica
Published: October 2020

One of the main reasons for the occurrence of the financial crisis in 2007 was certainly the sales procedure of insurance products, which, as it later turned out, were inadequate. The crisis was a signal to the European Commission that it is necessary to improve the consumer protection regarding insurance products and to improve the transparency of insurance distribution. It was necessary to provide equal protection to consumers of insurance products in the entire EU market, through the introduction of several innovations in the regulation of this sector and thus restore the confidence of consumers. In that sense, the Insurance Distribution Directive has set the suppression of unfair sales of insurance products as its most important goal. The author researched those key novelties of the Insurance Distribution Directive, which were adopted in order to prevent unfair sales of insurance products. The paper presents an analysis of new rules and aims to show how revolutionary new regulatory framework is and how much it will contribute to the fight against unfair sales of insurance products
The importance of geodetic engineering in the engineering-technical fields
Authors: Božić Branko
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the presentation of the valid legal role of geodetic activity in the field of civil engineering in the Republic of Serbia. Permanent diminution of the importance and role of the geodetic profession in practice is pointed out, which can lead to serious consequences and significant material damage to society and the individual. While under previous regulations nothing could be built and put into operation without control by the geodetic profession, with a number of new regulations this phase is neglected or skipped, often relying on visual control. Geodetic control was one of the most important stages without which work could not be started, continued or work permit issued. The assumption is that the motive for this situation lies in the pervasive need to accelerate technological construction procedures with the aim of reaching unrealistic deadlines and creating the idea of greater efficiency of work, contrary to the quality and safety of construction, will be turned out very quickly.
Vehicle platooning: Environmental aspects
Authors: Bogdanov Olga , Bojković Nataša , Petrović Marijana
Published: October 2020

Environmental protection is actively becoming one of the main issues of the Sustainable Development Agenda, and is therefore in the focus of various scientific papers and publications. In the context of vehicle platooning, the environment represents an important area, considering that some of the main goals of this transport technology are to reduce fuel consumption and the reduction of harmful gas emissions. Both goals are achievable when optimizing the speed of vehicles in the convoy, but they also depend on the number of vehicles in the convoy, the type of road they travel on, the weight/mass they carry, as well as the weather conditions. This paper will provide insights into platooning simulations and researches conducted in real conditions, which will focus on the impact of this transportation technology on the environment.
Technical requirements for acceptance of works on track
Authors: Popović Zdenka , Lazarević Luka , Mićić Milica , Mirković Nikola
Published: October 2020

This paper presents technical requirements for acceptance of track works according to European standard EN 13231-1, which was adopted as Serbian standard in 2014. The standard applies to track with standard gauge (1435 mm) layed in ballast bed. Requirements for acceptance of works should be applied for laying of the new track, as well as for reconstruction, renewal and maintenance of the existing track. Paper points out that, despite of established legal framework in the Republic of Serbia, national technical regulations are still not harmonised with the requirements of the standard. The special importance is drawn to establishment of the procedures for measuring the relevant parameters and controling the track condition, as well as procedures for documenting measurement results and performed controls. In addition, paper shows prescribed tolerances for track geometry parameters and track superstructure elements according to EN 13321-1. Acceptance deadline has special importance and it should be defined in the contract between Infrastructure Manager and Contractor.
A method for selfcalibration of a magneto-resistive angular position sensor in servo systems
Authors: Čeperković Vladimir , Drndarević Vujo
Published: October 2020

Magneto-resistive and Hall angular position sensors are frequently used in servo systems, due to their reliability, longevity, and tolerance to environmental conditions. In this paper, a measurement error compensation is integrated into the servo system control structure. The compensation consists of two steps: a linear compensation of the magnetic field vector measurement error, and harmonic compensation of the angular position measurement error. The selfcalibration method uses data collected during rotation with maximal speed to identify parameters of the measurement process model. Identification is executed periodically, each time when the shaft makes a full rotation. The least squares method is utilized for identification of the linear compensation parameters, while the average rotational speed is used as an internal reference for the harmonic compensation parameters identification. The method, together with a fast convergence, increases the measurement accuracy by an order of magnitude. Experimentally achieved measurement error is below 0.7°, with residual variance below 0.05°, comparable with sensor differentiability.
Management analysis of the opportunities of managing the privatization process
Authors: Pantić Nemanja , Milojević Irena , Mićović Andrej
Published: October 2020

The transformation of ownership, often reminiscent of the earlier historical period of the original accumulation of capital, is an opportunity for the rapid enrichment of those who had a monopoly in former socialist societies. At the same time, the redistribution of national wealth encourages changes in the relationship of forces in the social structure of power, which makes privatization the scene of sharp conflicts of interest with controversial consequences for the entire society. Weak institutions of the rule of law cannot limit the aspirations of different interest groups to gain economic power, so privatization is an area of great economic risk. That is why the greatest attention of both the public and specialized non-governmental organizations in the EU candidate countries is devoted to monitoring the privatization process. The paper aims to point out the basic features of the privatization process in Serbia. In this regard, we have analyzed the cause and effect relationships of the economic phenomena associated with this process, that is, we have pointed out the fact that certain legal provisions also contribute to the spread of abuses in this area. The importance of transparency in the privatization process, as an important precondition for economic growth and democratic transformation, was particularly emphasized.
Statistical analysis of CQI reporting and MIMO utilization for downlink scheduling in live LTE mobile network
Authors: Tomić Igor , Lukić Đorđe , Davidović Milutin , Drajić Dejan , Ivaniš Predrag
Published: October 2020

This paper considers a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) downlink scheduling procedure in Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks. In particular, the relationship between Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and MIMO utilization in LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems was examined using the statistical analysis. Data was collected from a mature mobile network deployed in typical frequency bands for LTE FDD used in Europe - Band 3, Band 7 and Band 20. Obtained numerical results showed a significant correlation between reported CQI value and MIMO utilization.
Comparing assembler procedures by analyzing sequences of opcodes
Authors: Pejić Nikola , Cvetanović Miloš , Radivojević Zaharije
Published: October 2020

Static analysis of executables for the purpose of comparing them can be made more difficult if the binaries are created using different compilers. In order to compensate for the noise introduced by the compilers, the arguments of the instructions are usually discarded as having a low signal-tonoise ratio. As compiler can often apply instruction reordering, some approaches only compare statistical information about the instructions, or compare their subsequences in order to measure their similarity. This paper presents an approach for estimating the similarity of procedures given in assembler form (disassembled binaries) by analyzing their sequences of opcodes. The approach first encodes the opcodes into integer values by mapping opcodes that represent similar actions into the same values, and then calculates a relative Levenshtein distance between the two sequences of integers. The proposed approach is evaluated and compared with some existing approaches, where it showed to have on average around 6% higher recall than the second-best approach.
A new fully homomorphic cryptosystem based on a super-increasing sequence
Authors: Anwar Mohammed , Salman Abed
Published: October 2020

Cloud computing is a powerful computing paradigm that provides a variety of computing services to its users. An example is storage, which allows individuals and enterprises to outsource their files to remote storage. However, saving private information onto third-party storage increases the security issues of data and privacy protection concerns. For this reason, cloud service providers (CSPs) are required to save an encrypted version of user data. In this paper, a novel encryption technique based on the use of Fully Homomorphic Encryption is presented. The technique uses a superincreasing sequence to derive the key and works on encrypted data with no need for decryption; this yields the same results as performing it on plaintext data. In the proposed technique, the characters are converted to their corresponding ASCII code values, which differs from the binary values produced by other existing techniques.
Estudio de la evolución jurisprudencial del delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo. Especial referencia a aquellos casos que han adquirido mayor repercusión mediática.
Authors: Menéndez Conca Lucas Gabriel
Published: October 2020

El delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo se introdujo en el art. 578 CP en el año 2000, pero ha sido a partir del año 2015 cuando ha comenzado a producirse una proliferación de sentencias dictadas por su comisión, algunas de las cuales han tenido una gran repercusión mediática. Ello ha dado lugar a que se haya generado una interesante evolución jurisprudencial en esta materia, la cual ha provocado cambios sustanciales en la naturaleza jurídica de este delito. En este trabajo se pone de manifiesto cómo el Tribunal Supremo y, sobre todo, el Tribunal Constitucional han mutado la configuración de este tipo penal, añadiendo nuevos elementos a su injusto penal que no figuran actualmente en su tenor literal.
Las lagunas punitivas del delito de financiación ilegal de partidos políticos: especial referencia a las condonaciones de deuda por la entidades de crédito
Authors: Pérez Rivas Natalia
Published: October 2020

Los partidos políticos españoles presentan una gran dependencia con respecto a las entidades de crédito con los consiguientes riesgos que ello comporta, en términos de injerencia en la conformación de la voluntad política. La ausencia de límite alguno en cuanto al endeudamiento bancario sigue representando el principal problema en el ámbito de la financiación de los partidos políticos. En el 2015 se procedió a reforma la Ley Orgánica 8/2007, de 4 de julio, sobre financiación de los partidos políticos a efectos de prohibir a los bancos efectuar condonaciones totales o parciales de deuda a los partidos políticos (art. 4.4). Por el contrario, ninguna previsión se contiene, a este respecto, en la regulación del delito de financiación ilegal de partidos políticos (art. 304 bis del Código Penal) pese a la conceptuación, de estas condonaciones, como donaciones encubiertas. De ello parece inferirse que, para el legislador, es preferible la dependencia de los partidos políticos respecto de los bancos sobre otros grupos económicos y de poder.
Moving Towards an Actor-Based Model for Subject Indexing
Authors: Holstrom Chris
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a preliminary exploration of an actor-based model for subject indexing, which considers four types of actors: professional indexers, domain experts, casual indexers, and machine algorithms. The paper describes each of the four actors, enumerating differences in approach, training, methodology, priorities, and tools, as well as similarities and historical collaborations between actors. The paper then explores how the actor-based model for subject indexing might serve as a complement to existing models that focus on processes, methods, disciplinary norms, and cultural biases by defining and exploring the following key properties of an actor-based model for subject indexing: 1) actors are the primary drivers of subject indexing work, 2) observing and understanding many types of actors’ processes in real-life situations is as valuable as prescribing correct methods for professional subject indexing, and 3) multiple and different types of actors can perform subject analysis work and subject representation work on the same information objects, and these hybrid (multi-actor) approaches to subject indexing are explicitly supported. These key properties suggest that an actor-based model for subject indexing might open new research opportunities and encourage new hybrid and collaborative approaches to knowledge organization.
Data Management and Curation for Qualitative Research: Collaborative Curriculum Development and Implementation
Authors: Roark Kendall
Published: October 2020

Objective: This eScience in Action article describes the collaborative development process and outputs for a qualitative data curation curriculum initiative led by a library faculty (research data specialist) at an R1 research university. Methods: The collaborative curriculum development activities described in this article took place between 2015-2020 and included 1) a college-wide “call out” meeting with graduate methods instructors and additional one-on-one conversations, 2) a year-long training series for disciplinary faculty teaching graduate-level qualitative research methods courses, 3) guest lectures and co-curricular workshops, and 4) the development of a credit-bearing graduate-level course. Results: This practice-based article includes a reflection on the collaborative curriculum development process and impacts, including the development of networks between the Library and qualitative researchers across campus. The article provides a proof-of-concept example for developing relevant and trustworthy library data services for humanities and qualitative social-science researchers. Conclusions: Curriculum development activities focused predominately upon researcher-centered perspectives and identified needs. However, changes in institutional expectations for library faculty (i.e. requirement to teach credit-bearing courses) played a major role in how the curriculum was implemented, its impact and continued sustainability of outputs going forward.
Le récit de la migration en santé avec des personnes demandeuses d’asile en France. Réflexions sur la formation des soignants et des interprètes
Authors: Ticca Anna Claudia , Lambert Patricia , Traverso Véronique
Published: October 2020

Notre contribution émane du projet REMILAS, une recherche sur les interactions entre demandeurs d’asile et soignants, avec ou sans interprètes. On y observe l’émergence, attendue ou non par les professionnels, de bribes de récit de migration. Nous abordons les récits à partir d’une analyse interactionnelle multimodale (Sidnell et Stivers, 2012) intégrée à une perspective sociolinguistique critique (Boutet et Heller, 2007). Nous analysons des moments où le médecin sollicite le requérant afin d’obtenir des informations nécessaires pour rédiger un certificat d’expertise médicale. Nous proposons une réflexion sur l’utilisation les résultats de la recherche pour la formation des professionnels accompagnant les migrants.
L’évolution récente du concept d’indépendance judiciaire et les menaces internes à la détermination de la peine juste
Authors: Garcia Margarida , Dubé Richard
Published: October 2020

Comment mesurer l’impact que peuvent avoir sur la détermination de la peine des critères décisionnels formels, proprement juridiques, mais qui s’écartent néanmoins des considérations spécifiquement instituées pour encadrer le choix d’une peine juste et adéquate? Cet article tente de répondre à cette question en problématisant ce que nous avons qualifié de « menaces internes » à l’indépendance judiciaire. Suivant une évolution sémantique récente, le concept d’indépendance judiciaire nous permet ici de considérer non seulement tout ce qui peut menacer, de l’extérieur, l’intégrité des décisions judiciaires, mais aussi tout ce qui peut perturber cette même intégrité institutionnelle de l’intérieur, sous forme de menaces internes. Le texte passe en revue l’évolution du concept dans la jurisprudence canadienne et explore les différentes formes de menaces internes à partir d’entretiens réalisés auprès d’acteurs judiciaires.
Hippocampal inputs engage CCK+ interneurons to mediate endocannabinoid-modulated feed-forward inhibition in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Dimidschstein Jordane , Fishell Gordon , Carter Adam G
Published: October 2020

Connections from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulate cognition, emotion, and memory. These functions are also tightly controlled by inhibitory networks in the PFC, whose disruption is thought to contribute to mental health disorders. However, relatively little is known about how the vHPC engages different populations of interneurons in the PFC. Here we use slice physiology and optogenetics to study vHPC-evoked feed-forward inhibition in the mouse PFC. We first show that cholecystokinin (CCK+), parvalbumin (PV+), and somatostatin (SOM+) expressing interneurons are prominent in layer 5 (L5) of infralimbic PFC. We then show that vHPC inputs primarily activate CCK+ and PV+ interneurons, with weaker connections onto SOM+ interneurons. CCK+ interneurons make stronger synapses onto pyramidal tract (PT) cells over nearby intratelencephalic (IT) cells. However, CCK+ inputs undergo depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and CB1 receptor modulation only at IT cells. Moreover, vHPC-evoked feed-forward inhibition undergoes DSI only at IT cells, confirming a central role for CCK+ interneurons. Together, our findings show how vHPC directly engages multiple populations of inhibitory cells in deep layers of the infralimbic PFC, highlighting unexpected roles for both CCK+ interneurons and endocannabinoid modulation in hippocampal-prefrontal communication.
Predicting the effect of statins on cancer risk using genetic variants from a Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Carter Paul , Vithayathil Mathew , Kar Siddhartha , Potluri Rahul , Mason Amy M , Larsson Susanna C , Burgess Stephen
Published: October 2020

Laboratory studies have suggested oncogenic roles of lipids, as well as anticarcinogenic effects of statins. Here we assess the potential effect of statin therapy on cancer risk using evidence from human genetics. We obtained associations of lipid-related genetic variants with the risk of overall and 22 site-specific cancers for 367,703 individuals in the UK Biobank. In total, 75,037 individuals had a cancer event. Variants in the HMGCR gene region, which represent proxies for statin treatment, were associated with overall cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] per one standard deviation decrease in low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.88, p=0.0003) but variants in gene regions representing alternative lipid-lowering treatment targets (PCSK9, LDLR, NPC1L1, APOC3, LPL) were not. Genetically predicted LDL-cholesterol was not associated with overall cancer risk (OR per standard deviation increase 1.01, 95% CI 0.98–1.05, p=0.50). Our results predict that statins reduce cancer risk but other lipid-lowering treatments do not. This suggests that statins reduce cancer risk through a cholesterol independent pathway.
Underlying the carver’s experience
Authors: Gulliksen Marte Sørebø
Published: October 2020

Woodcarvers often report their experiences as having an intense internal focus, and feeling of a close connection to the material. This article explore key processes in cells and organs that underlies these experiences, emphasizing the sensorymotor modulation in cerebellum. The article has two aims: To bring neurobiological knowledge into the making disciplines to better understand the making process; To mediate terminological differences between disciplines and open up new research-based hypotheses and theoretical foundations for future interdisciplinary studies. Findings include three topics for further exploration: 1) The overflow of information in cerebellum and the maker’s experience of intense internal focus. 2) Cerebellum’s function as generator of deliberate actions without involving the conscious self and the so-called preconscious element of the maker’s negotiation. 3) The priority of neural circuits between sensory input and muscle output in Cerebellum at the cost of neural circuits to cerebral cortex’ monitoring and self-reflection and the maker’s experience as being close to the material. These findings expand upon previous knowledge developed in studies of making processes from sociocultural and philosophical point of view, and are useful for researchers and teachers interested in understanding and advancing the making disciplines and arts and craft education.
Validity of an inertial system for measuring velocity, force, and power during hamstring exercises performed on a flywheel resistance training device
Authors: Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo , Sánchez-Barbadora Mariana , García-Vidal José A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Inertial hamstring exercises promote functional changes leading to lower rates of hamstring injuries. However, variable training measurement systems have not been specifically validated for hamstring exercises. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Inertial Measurement System (IMS) to measure the velocity, force, and power during the performance of different hamstring exercises on a flywheel resistance training device.

Methods

Fifteen males (average age: 22.4 ± 2.5 years; body mass: 77.3 ± 9.8 kg; height: 179.5 ± 7.4 cm; weekly physical activity: 434.0 ± 169.2 min; years of strength training: 4.3 ± 2.2 years) performed the bilateral stiff-leg deadlift (SDL), 45° hip extension (HE), and unilateral straight knee bridge (SKB) in two sessions (familiarization and evaluation) with a 1-week interval between them. The velocity, force, and power (average and peak values) in the concentric and eccentric phases for each of the exercises were recorded simultaneously with IMS and MuscleLab.

Results

Consistency between IMS and MuscleLab was good to excellent for all variables, with r ranges from 0.824 to 0.966 in SDL, from 0.822 to 0.971 in HE, and from 0.806 to 0.969 in SKB. Acceptable levels of agreement between devices were observed in general for all exercises, the “bias” ranging from 1.1% to 13.2%. Although MuscleLab showed higher values than IMS for peak velocity, force and power values, the effect size was only relevant for 5 of the 36 parameters. IMS is a new and valid system to monitor inertial hamstring exercises on a new flywheel device. In this way, IMS could have potential practical applications for any professional or athlete who wants to monitor inertial hamstring exercises.
Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of Victoria and flame seedless grape cultivars during berry ripening
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Zhang Fuchun , Pan Mingqi , Wu Xinyu , Zhang Wen , Han Shouan , Xie Hui , Zhou Xiaoming , Wang Min , Ai Caikasimu·maikeer , He Tianming
Published: October 2020

Grape berry development is a highly coordinated and intricate process. Herein, we analyzed the phenotypic and transcriptomic patterns of Victoria (VT) and Flame Seedless (FS) grape varieties during berry development. Physiological analysis and transcriptomic sequencing were performed at four berry developmental phases. VT berry size was comparatively larger to the FS variety. At maturity, 80 days postanthesis (DPA), the FS soluble solids were 61.8% higher than VT. Further, 4889 and 2802 differentially expressed genes were identified from VT and FS 40 DPA to 80 DPA development stages, respectively. VvSWEET15, VvHXK, and MYB44 genes were up‐regulated during the postanthesis period, while bHLH14, linked to glucose metabolism, was gradually down‐regulated during berry development. These genes may have significant roles in berry development, ripening, and sugar accumulation.
GYS1 or PPP1R3C deficiency rescues murine adult polyglucosan body disease
Authors: Chown Erin E. , Wang Peixiang , Zhao Xiaochu , Crowder Justin J. , Strober Jordan W. , Sullivan Mitchell A. , Xue Yunlin , Bennett Cody S. , Perri Ami M. , Evers Bret M. , Roach Peter J. , Depaoli‐Roach Anna A. , Akman H. Orhan , Pederson Bartholomew A. , Minassian Berge A.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is an adult‐onset neurological variant of glycogen storage disease type IV. APBD is caused by recessive mutations in the glycogen branching enzyme gene, and the consequent accumulation of poorly branched glycogen aggregates called polyglucosan bodies in the nervous system. There are presently no treatments for APBD. Here, we test whether downregulation of glycogen synthesis is therapeutic in a mouse model of the disease.

Methods

We characterized the effects of knocking out two pro‐glycogenic proteins in an APBD mouse model. APBD mice were crossed with mice deficient in glycogen synthase (GYS1), or mice deficient in protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C (PPP1R3C), a protein involved in the activation of GYS1. Phenotypic and histological parameters were analyzed and glycogen was quantified.

Results

APBD mice deficient in GYS1 or PPP1R3C demonstrated improvements in life span, morphology, and behavioral assays of neuromuscular function. Histological analysis revealed a reduction in polyglucosan body accumulation and of astro‐ and micro‐gliosis in the brains of GYS1‐ and PPP1R3C‐deficient APBD mice. Brain glycogen quantification confirmed the reduction in abnormal glycogen accumulation. Analysis of skeletal muscle, heart, and liver found that GYS1 deficiency reduced polyglucosan body accumulation in all three tissues and PPP1R3C knockout reduced skeletal muscle polyglucosan bodies.

Interpretation

GYS1 and PPP1R3C are effective therapeutic targets in the APBD mouse model. These findings represent a critical step toward the development of a treatment for APBD and potentially other glycogen storage disease type IV patients.
Magnetic Field Induced Inter‐Valley Trion Dynamics in Monolayer 2D Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shinokita Keisuke , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Miyauchi Yuhei , Matsuda Kazunari
Published: October 2020

The valley polarization dynamics of excitonic states (excitons and trions) in monolayer (1L)‐MoSe2 under strong magnetic field are investigated. The experimentally observed magnetic‐field‐induced valley polarizations of trions (excitons) are analyzed by the rate equation model. It is found that the magnetic‐field‐induced valley polarizations are attributed to the asymmetric valley scattering of trions from K+ to K− valley and vice versa due to the degeneracy lifting of K+ and K− valleys by valley Zeeman effect under magnetic field. Moreover, the feeding of the valley‐polarized excitons for trions formation and longer inter‐valley scattering time reaching to a few nanoseconds at 10 K contribute to the larger valley polarization of trions than that of excitons in 1L‐MoSe2.
Folding and Bending Planar Coils for Highly Precise Soft Angle Sensing
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Totaro Massimo , Veerapandian Selvaraj , Ilyas Muhammad , Kong Minsik , Jeong Unyong , Beccai Lucia
Published: October 2020

Sensors detecting angles created by deformable structures play an increasing role in soft robotics and wearable systems. However, the typical sensing method based on strain measurement strongly depends on the viscoelastic behaviors of soft substrates and on the location of sensors that affect the sensing reliability. In this work, the changes in magnetic field coupling produced in space by planar coil deformation are investigated, for implementing a new direct transduction strategy, the soft inductive angle sensing (SIAS). A numerical analysis tool is developed for rigorously studying the inductance variations resulting from planar coils’ bending, folding, and folding with a small arc. Copper or liquid metal coils, having different shapes, pitches, and sizes are built and characterized. Results show that the SIAS is hysteresis‐free, velocity‐independent, highly sensitive, ultrastable, and with fast response, guaranteeing highly precise (0.1° incremental folding angle change) and reliable measurements. It is insensitive to coil materials and to behavior of embedding soft materials, and scalable (across 10 times scale). The SIAS is adopted in three case studies (a self‐sensing origami, a sensorized soft pneumatic actuator, and a wearable sensor) to highlight its low implementation complexity, high‐performance, and versatility, providing some insights on the enormous potential of this mechanism.
Anapole States and Toroidal Resonances Realized in Simple Gold Nanoplate‐on‐Mirror Structures
Authors: Cui Ximin , Lai Yunhe , Ai Ruoqi , Wang Hao , Shao Lei , Chen Huanjun , Zhang Wei , Wang Jianfang
Published: October 2020

Optical anapoles are often realized with high‐refractive‐index dielectric nanoparticles or metallic metamaterials with complex geometries. In this work, anapole states and plasmon‐induced toroidal resonances are observed on a simple plasmonic configuration, which is made of individual Au nanoplates supported on Au films. The nanoplate and the film are separated by a precisely sized dielectric spacer layer. Both the fundamental and higher‐order anapole states are experimentally observed in the far‐field scattering measurements and confirmed by electrodynamic simulations. The geometrical parameters of the nanoplate‐on‐mirror cavity are found to play sensitive and significant roles in altering the anapole excitation, which allows the resonant dip to be tailored from the visible to near‐infrared region. In addition, magnetic plasmon resonance is also realized in the nanoplate‐on‐mirror system when the thickness of the spacer layer is increased. These results provide new insights for engineering simple plasmonic nanostructures with nontrivial yet controllable responses and developing anapole‐based plasmonic applications.
Near‐Infrared All‐Optical Switching Based on Nano/Micro Optical Structures in YVO4 Matrix: Embedded Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Laser‐Written Waveguides
Authors: Li Ziqi , Pang Chi , Li Rang , Dong Ningning , Wu Liang , Vázquez de Aldana Javier Rodríguez , Lu Qingming , Ren Feng , Wang Jun , Chen Feng
Published: October 2020

Nonlinear interactions between light and matter give rise to a wide range of applications for both fundamental and applied research. Herein, near‐infrared switching of the optical response based on embedded Ag nanoparticles and laser‐written optical waveguides within yttrium vanadate (YVO4) crystal matrix is demonstrated. Using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy with a combination of femtosecond Z‐scan spectroscopy, the plasmon‐enhanced features of the third‐order optical nonlinearity in Ag:YVO4 nanocomposite at the near‐infrared band are elucidated. Meanwhile, an optical‐lattice‐like microscale waveguide is fabricated with well‐preserved photoluminescence properties by femtosecond laser writing. Taking advantage of the ultrafast on–off switching behavior of Ag:YVO4 saturable absorber, a Q‐switched pulsed laser operation in the waveguide platform, delivering 1 μm light pulses with high peak power of 298 mW, is demonstrated. This work indicates a possible path for the development of chip‐scale ultrafast photonic devices.
Label‐Free Imaging of Cholesterol Assemblies Reveals Hidden Nanomechanics of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Dumitru Andra C. , Mohammed Danahe , Maja Mauriane , Yang Jinsung , Verstraeten Sandrine , del Campo Aranzazu , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule , Tyteca Donatienne , Alsteens David
Published: October 2020

Tumor cells present profound alterations in their composition, structural organization, and functional properties. A landmark of cancer cells is an overall altered mechanical phenotype, which so far are linked to changes in their cytoskeletal regulation and organization. Evidence exists that the plasma membrane (PM) of cancer cells also shows drastic changes in its composition and organization. However, biomechanical characterization of PM remains limited mainly due to the difficulties encountered to investigate it in a quantitative and label‐free manner. Here, the biomechanical properties of PM of a series of MCF10 cell lines, used as a model of breast cancer progression, are investigated. Notably, a strong correlation between the cell PM elasticity and oncogenesis is observed. The altered membrane composition under cancer progression, as emphasized by the PM‐associated cholesterol levels, leads to a stiffening of the PM that is uncoupled from the elastic cytoskeletal properties. Conversely, cholesterol depletion of metastatic cells leads to a softening of their PM, restoring biomechanical properties similar to benign cells. As novel therapies based on targeting membrane lipids in cancer cells represent a promising approach in the field of anticancer drug development, this method contributes to deciphering the functional link between PM lipid content and disease.