bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of drop spread and rebound on heated surfaces with consideration of high pressure
Authors: Sohag Md. M. A. , Chausalkar Abhijeet , Li Linhao , Yang Xiufeng
Published: October 2022

The impact of a drop on a solid surface has been studied for many years. However, most of the previous numerical simulations were focused on the drop impact on a surface at room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure. This paper presents a numerical study of n-heptane and n-decane drops impacting solid surfaces with the consideration of high temperature and high pressure using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The SPH method is validated against experiments from our work and literature. This work is focused on two typical drop-impact regimes, namely, spread and rebound. Different drop impact sequences were simulated at the wall temperature in the range of 27–400 °C and the ambient pressure between 1–20 bars. The difference between the inception of film boiling and liquid saturation temperature was found to decrease with elevating ambient pressure. The spread factor and apex height are investigated for the regime of spread. The results indicate that the lower viscosity fluid has a smaller spread factor as compared to the fluid with higher viscosity. The variation of Leidenfrost temperature with ambient pressure for both n-heptane and n-decane droplets is established numerically and compared with the trend observed in the experiment. The simulation outcomes of drop rebound for high boiling point liquid (n-decane) in the film boiling regime at atmospheric pressure show that with the increasing wall temperature, the drop rebound height and vapor layer height increase. Finally, the effect of ambient pressure on drop rebound height and velocity is investigated. The numerical results indicate that the increase in ambient pressure reduces the droplet rebound velocity and rebound height.
A retrospective on statistical mechanical models for hemoglobin allostery
Authors: Eaton William A.
Published: October 2022

Understanding allosteric interactions in proteins has become one of the major research areas in protein science. The original aim of the famous theoretical model of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux (MWC) was to explain the regulation of enzymatic activity in biochemical pathways. However, its first successful quantitative application was to explain cooperative oxygen binding by hemoglobin, often called the “hydrogen molecule of biology.” The combination of its original application and the enormous amount of research on hemoglobin has made it the paradigm for studies of allostery, especially for multi-subunit proteins, and for the development of statistical mechanical models to describe how structure determines function. This article is a historical account of the development of statistical mechanical models for hemoglobin to explain both the cooperative binding of oxygen (called homotropic effects by MWC) and how oxygen binding is affected by ligands that bind distant from the heme oxygen binding site (called heterotropic allosteric effects by MWC). This account makes clear the many remaining challenges for describing the relationship of structure to function for hemoglobin in terms of a satisfactory statistical mechanical model.
Comparative effects of water potential stress induced by salt, alkali and drought on photosynthetic electron transport and apparatus in Hordeum jubatum seedlings
Authors: Shi Congcong , Fu Yanrong , Guo Yuqian , Ma Yuwen , Li Shuxin , Lin Jixiang , Wang Jinghong
Published: October 2022

Context Photosynthetic electron transport and apparatus are highly susceptible to abiotic stressors during photosynthesis. Hordeum jubatum L. is an ornamental grass with excellent salt tolerance, used for soil improvement and ecological restoration in Northeast China. However, the comparative effects of salt, alkali and drought conditions on the photosynthetic apparatus of H. jubatum under uniform water potential are little known. Aims We explored the photosynthetic response of H. jubatum to uniform levels of water potential stress induced by three different stressors: salt, alkali and drought. Methods Seedlings of H. jubatum were irrigated with three concentrations of NaCl, NaHCO3 and PEG-6000 to induce water potentials of −0.21, −0.47 and −0.82 MPa. Transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a in the seedlings was measured, and JIP-test parameters were obtained. Key results Lower values of J–I phase fluorescence intensity and appearance of a K-band under stress treatments indicated restricted electron transfer from the oxygen-evolving complex in the donor of photosystem II. In addition, the values of ΔI-band and parameters MO and N increased, whereas those of Sm, ϕEo and ψO decreased, indicating interruption of electron flow between electron acceptors pheophytin and NADP+. Serious adverse effects of alkali stress on the acceptors were observed; the low water potential induced by NaHCO3 damaged the thylakoid membrane on the chloroplast, resulting in increased degradation of D1 protein. Conclusions The results suggest that H. jubatum seedlings have greater tolerance to salt and drought stress, but are highly sensitive to alkali stress in the photosynthetic system. Implications This study provides physiological information for the successful cultivation of H. jubatum under adverse environment conditions.
A comparison of methods for monitoring a sparse population of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) subject to lethal control using GPS telemetry, camera traps and sand plots
Authors: Carter Andrew , Potts Joanne M. , Stephens Joanne , Roshier David A.
Published: October 2022

Context The introduced red fox has driven the decline or extinction of numerous wildlife species in Australia, yet little information exists on the population densities of foxes in most ecosystems. Fox monitoring programs will differ widely depending on the goals of management, which, in turn, will determine whether the appropriate metric is a density estimate, or some proxy thereof, and the time and resources required. Aims This study aims to assist wildlife managers to design fit-for-purpose monitoring programs for foxes by providing a better understanding of the utility and precision of various monitoring methods. Methods We surveyed foxes monthly over four consecutive years in a semi-arid region of Australia by using sand plots, camera traps and GPS telemetry. The resultant data were used to produce population estimates from one count-based method, two spatially explicit methods, and two activity indices. Key results The incorporation of GPS-collar data into the spatial capture–recapture approaches greatly reduced uncertainty in estimates of abundance. Activity indices from sand plots were generally higher and more variable than were indices derived from camera traps, whereas estimates from N-mixture models appeared to be biased high. Conclusions Our study indicated that the Allen–Engeman index derived from camera-trap data provided an accurate reflection of change in the underlying fox density, even as density declined towards zero following introduction of lethal control. This method provides an efficient means to detect large shifts in abundance, whether up or down, which may trigger a change to more laborious, but precise, population monitoring methods. If accuracy is paramount (e.g. for reintroduction programs) spatially explicit methods augmented with GPS data provide robust estimates, albeit at a greater cost in resources and expertise than does an index. Implications Our study demonstrated that the shorter the survey period is, the greater is the likelihood that foxes are present but not detected. As such, if limited resources are available, longer monitoring periods conducted less frequently will provide a more accurate reflection of the underlying fox population than do shorter monitoring periods conducted more often.
Iconicity of symmetries in language and in literature
Authors: Nöth Winfried
Published: October 2022

The paper discusses mirror symmetry, translational symmetry, and antisymmetry as the main types of symmetry of relevance to the study of language and literature. Based on the distinction between self-referential and alloreferential iconicity, it examines to what extent patterns of symmetry are iconic signs. Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland, 16th century title pages of incunabula, George Herbert’s picture poem Easter Wings, palindrome words, and lines from Gertrude Stein’s poetry are studied with respect to the iconicity of their forms of symmetry. The paper distinguishes between symmetries in the surface structure and in the deep structure and describes symmetries in the deep structure of language and literature as mental diagrams.
Iconicity for an iconoclast
Authors: Moyle Julian
Published: October 2022

Susan Howe’s poetry regularly draws attention to its appearance on the page, but the often abstract or iconoclastic nature of her work means that we rarely encounter cases where visual form mimes meaning in an obvious way. In places, though, Howe uses the iconic potential of abstract arrangements of text to target forms of representation that have been associated with the violence of colonization and with social injustice. A self-reflexive anxiety emerges as it becomes difficult to distinguish between the form of what is targeted and the form of the text itself. My study offers a close analysis of two examples: the opening of Secret History of the Dividing Line (1978) and a lyric from Bed Hangings (2001) that is framed by an illustration (by the artist Susan Bee) which helps to reveal the iconicity at work. I go on to relate Howe’s thinking about the nature of the sign – and of the relationship between words and the objects they represent – to Peirce’s ideas.
The phonosemantics of the Korean monosyllabic ideophone ttak
Authors: Park Ji-Yeon
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to show how the Korean monosyllabic ideophone ttak functions in spoken register. Ttak is the most frequent ideophone in Korean everyday conversation. Using a spoken corpus, it is proposed that (i) ttak functions as an epistemic modality marker that expresses certainty and the speaker’s belief or confidence in the truth-value of the proposition; (ii) the meaning of certainty is based on language-specific and universal form-meaning correspondences; (iii) there is a correlation between the epistemic marker ttak and its morphosyntactic integration.
Medical book reviews 1665–1800
Authors: Taavitsainen Irma
Published: October 2022

This article traces medical book reviews up to 1800 in the first scientific periodical, The Philosophical
Transactions (pt 1665–), and the first general magazine, The Gentleman’s Magazine
(gm 1665–1922), within the frame of genre theory, focusing on polite and impolite speech acts. pt readers
formed a close network of Royal Society members, while gm attracted a large and more heterogeneous readership. The method
employed is qualitative discourse analysis in its sociohistorical context.

Two different lines of development emerge. The first issue of pt contains a book review that set a model
genre script by surveying the contents and providing a concise positive evaluation at the end. gm published few book
reviews at first but their number increased towards 1800. pt keeps to the positive end of evaluation with discreet
criticism, while gm speech acts range from praising compliments to aggressive insults. The former trend goes back to book
advertisements and the latter to scientific disputes; but in general, polite society conventions prevail in both publications.
Insights into blending game localisation in the Arab world
Authors: Al-Ajarmeh Osama , Al-Adwan Amer
Published: October 2022

In the field of translation studies, game localisation is considered a growing branch of audiovisual translation
in which localisers translate and adapt game content for successful circulation across foreign markets. This paper sheds light on the
process of localising religious content and obscene references in the game Fiesta Online by comparing it to the Arabic-localised version Arafiesta on the basis of a corpus of 740
dialogue strings. Drawing on the
frameworks developed by Delabastita (1989), Zitawi
(2008) and Al-Adwan (2015), the analysis scrutinises game elements that are
considered controversial in the Arab world. These items were omitted, mitigated, or adapted to
isolate the theme of Paganism from the original content. Visual features were retained except for a few instances. Finally, during the process of localising interactive aspects of the game, retention, deletion
and adaptation were frequently used. The paper highlights how blending game localisation, a prominent localisation approach changing the intersemiotic channels (the verbal, pictorial and interactive layers) of video games, plays a pivotal role in promoting and marketing
game imports in the Arab world, which is now one of the largest growing markets.
Creative Writing Across the Curriculum
Authors: Nicholes Justin
Published: October 2022

Situated among fields (applied linguistics, creative writing studies, writing studies), this book empirically explores the language of writers in contexts of learning externalized in literary genres. At its core, this book features linguistic and thematic analysis of the writing and reflections of adults who experienced what they usually described as meaningful CW in university coursework, sometimes in science and research-focused courses where they might not have expected to compose a literary genre. In addition to synthesizing empirical studies that in total included more than 3,500 participants, chapters present new research involving about 400 more. This book is meant to be substantial in its goal of systematically organizing what is known about CW’s relationship to writers: in terms of feelings of engagement, gains in content knowledge, and revelations about oneself and others.
How to be authentic on Instagram
Authors: Elordui Agurtzane , Aiestaran Jokin
Published: October 2022

This paper analyses the way young people negotiate their ‘real’ identity on Instagram, and how self-presentation can be developed by means of language choice. We draw our data from the corpus of the Gaztesare project. It contains the Instagram production of Basque university students who draw on an inventory of multilingual resources in their interactions. We consider Instagram to be a multi-scalar context in which different orders of indexicality converge (Blommaert 2010). The study analyses, from this multi-scalar perspective, the place of Basque in the language choices the students make in order to belong, to be authentic as someone or something (Varis and Wang 2011). It concludes that local Basque dialects are tools for self-positioning as an ‘authentic’ voice in Instagram chat, but standard Batua, is empowering at a higher scale on Timelines, in which the same speakers use it for a more credible translocal voice.
Introduction to Healthcare for Turkish-speaking Interpreters and Translators
Authors: Crezee Ineke H.M. , Eser Oktay , Karakaş Fatih
Published: October 2022

Health interpreters and translators often face unpredictable assignments in the multifaceted healthcare setting. This book is based on the very popular international publication (Crezee, 2013) and has been supplemented with commonly asked questions and glossaries in Turkish.
Turkish is the home language of a very significant number of (now often elderly) migrants in countries outside of Turkey and this book provides an invaluable resource to those interpreting for these migrants in the healthcare setting. The book will also be invaluable to those interpreting for medical tourists from Turkey travelling to other countries for treatment.
In short, this is an exceptionally useful and easily accessible handbook, in particular for interpreters, translators, educators, cultural mediators, health professionals and other practitioners working between Turkish and English - or other languages.
Speakers of Turkish represent a rich and diverse range of historical, religious and cultural traditions. This book covers some of those, while also describing the Turkish healthcare system and touching on cultural beliefs and traditional approaches to health.
This unique book is an indispensable vade mecum ("go with me") for anyone wishing to navigate language access involving speakers of Turkish in the healthcare setting.
The GARP complex prevents sterol accumulation at the trans-Golgi network during dendrite remodeling
Authors: O’Brien Caitlin E. , Younger Susan H. , Jan Lily Yeh , Jan Yuh Nung
Published: October 2022

Membrane trafficking is essential for sculpting neuronal morphology. The GARP and EARP complexes are conserved tethers that regulate vesicle trafficking in the secretory and endolysosomal pathways, respectively. Both complexes contain the Vps51, Vps52, and Vps53 proteins, and a complex-specific protein: Vps54 in GARP and Vps50 in EARP. In Drosophila, we find that both complexes are required for dendrite morphogenesis during developmental remodeling of multidendritic class IV da (c4da) neurons. Having found that sterol accumulates at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in Vps54KO/KO neurons, we investigated genes that regulate sterols and related lipids at the TGN. Overexpression of oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) or knockdown of the PI4K four wheel drive (fwd) exacerbates the Vps54KO/KO phenotype, whereas eliminating one allele of Osbp rescues it, suggesting that excess sterol accumulation at the TGN is, in part, responsible for inhibiting dendrite regrowth. These findings distinguish the GARP and EARP complexes in neurodevelopment and implicate vesicle trafficking and lipid transfer pathways in dendrite morphogenesis.
Convergence of secretory, endosomal, and autophagic routes in trans-Golgi–associated lysosomes
Authors: Zhou Lingjian , Xue Xutong , Yang Ke , Feng Zhi , Liu Min , Pastor-Pareja José C.
Published: October 2022

At the trans-Golgi, complex traffic connections exist to the endolysosomal system additional to the main Golgi-to–plasma membrane secretory route. Here, we investigated three hits in a Drosophila screen displaying secretory cargo accumulation in autophagic vesicles: ESCRT-III component Vps20, SNARE-binding Rop, and lysosomal pump subunit VhaPPA1-1. We found that Vps20, Rop, and lysosomal markers localize near the trans-Golgi. Furthermore, we document that the vicinity of the trans-Golgi is the main cellular location for lysosomes and that early, late, and recycling endosomes associate as well with a trans-Golgi–associated degradative compartment where basal microautophagy of secretory cargo and other materials occurs. Disruption of this compartment causes cargo accumulation in our hits, including Munc18 homolog Rop, required with Syx1 and Syx4 for Rab11-mediated endosomal recycling. Finally, besides basal microautophagy, we show that the trans-Golgi–associated degradative compartment contributes to the growth of autophagic vesicles in developmental and starvation-induced macroautophagy. Our results argue that the fly trans-Golgi is the gravitational center of the whole endomembrane system.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with trains of weak pulses*
Authors: Sola Ignacio R , Chang Bo Y , Malinovskaya Svetlana A , Carrasco Sebastián C , Malinovsky Vladimir S
Published: October 2022

We consider coherent population transfer in multilevel quantum systems driven by time-delayed pulse trains. We show how to choose the parameters of the trains so that the population dynamics tracks the behavior of a Λ-type three-level system under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Efficient population transfer can be achieved regardless of the order and with or without overlap of the pump and the Stokes sub-pulses of the trains. Generalized STIRAP schemes of population transfer in N-level system with sequential couplings are also examined. The mechanism of the population transfer and the robustness of the proposed schemes are discussed.
A mixed multi-frequency precise point positioning strategy based on the combination of BDS-3 and GNSS multi-frequency observations
Authors: Hu Chao , Wang Qianxin , Wu Zhiyuan , Guo Zhongchen
Published: October 2022

Due to the traditional fixed model used in precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, multi-frequency and multi-Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) observations have not been fully introduced into positioning services. In consideration of the BDS-3 multi-frequency signals and the new development of other GNSS systems, a new multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP solution strategy should be proposed to flexibly model and use all observations. In this study, a preliminary mixed multi-frequency PPP solution strategy is analyzed and tested based on a combination of BDS-3 and GNSS observations. First, the multi-frequency observations are combined and their coefficients are rapidly estimated by least squares; then, the inter-system bias parameter and the stochastic model are introduced into the function model; and finally, the mixed PPP solution and its software are developed and verified by three groups of experiments. According to the experimental results of 96 stations and ten-day multi-GNSS experiment observations, it is indicated that the root-mean-square error of positioning and the convergence time are significantly optimized with the aid of additional frequencies, where the accuracy improvements of multi-frequency and multi-GNSS scheme in the east (E), north (N) and up (U) directions can respectively reach up to 23.2%, 13.3% and 23.8% compared with the traditional BDS-3 dual-frequency ionosphere-free (IF) PPP model; and the corresponding convergence time is reduced from 18.54 min to 13.18 min. Meanwhile, from the results of multi-frequency BDS-3 PPP experiments based on 53 stations, it is suggested that a better performance of positioning and convergence can be obtained by the mixed PPP solution, where the position RMS of the E, N and U directions are reduced by 38.2%, 23.9% and 26.3%, and the convergence time is decreased from 23.86 min to 12.43 min for the combined BDS-3 of all observations, compared with the BDS-3-only solution. Furthermore, in the vehicle experiment of multi-frequency kinematics PPP, a convergence process can be found for different scenarios of BDS-3 combination with other observations. Moreover, the residual series are different for each solution, in which reductions of 71.1%, 33.3% and 77.1% in the E, N and U directions, respectively, can be obtained compared with the traditional BDS-3 dual-frequency IF model in kinematics experiments based on multi-GNSS and multi-frequency scenarios. Therefore, it is meaningful to recommend the mixed PPP solution in the GNSS community to fully use multi-frequency and multi-GNSS observations by the adaptive combination of different observations.
Metal oxide nanocomposite based flexible nanogenerator: synergic effect of light and pressure
Authors: Ngadong Soni , Chekke Tani , Narzary Ringshar , Bayan Sayan , Das Upamanyu
Published: October 2022

Here, we report the fabrication of nanocomposite comprising of CuO and poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene) (PVDF-HFP) for application in flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG). The chemically grown CuO nanostructures have been characterized through electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques. It has been found that the incorporation of optimal CuO nanostructures in PVDF-HFP can increase the output voltage of the PENG by 22 times and is assigned to the increment in the effective dielectric constant of host PVDF-HFP. Further, the nanogenerator exhibits a maximum power of ∼20 μW cm−2 at 3 MΩ load and can charge a capacitor under continuous bio-mechanical impart. Further, upon slight alteration of the device configuration, the output of the nanocomposite-based nanogenerator can be enhanced under illumination condition. The increment in overall piezopotential through photoexcitation in optically active CuO nanostructures can be assigned to the increment in output voltage. The wavelength dependent output variation reveal the maximum output of the PENG under blue light. Further, under white light illumination, the nanogenerator exhibits a maximum power which is 3 times higher than in dark condition and can charge a capacitor 52 times faster. The development of such superior flexible and optically active nanogenerators are quite promising for futuristic self-powered devices operated under mechanical and solar energies.
PET scatter estimation using deep learning U-Net architecture
Authors: Laurent Baptiste , Bousse Alexandre , Merlin Thibaut , Nekolla Stephan , Visvikis Dimitris
Published: October 2022

Objective. Positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction needs to be corrected for scatter in order to produce quantitatively accurate images. Scatter correction is traditionally achieved by incorporating an estimated scatter sinogram into the forward model during image reconstruction. Existing scatter estimated methods compromise between accuracy and computing time. Nowadays scatter estimation is routinely performed using single scatter simulation (SSS), which does not accurately model multiple scatter and scatter from outside the field-of-view, leading to reduced qualitative and quantitative PET reconstructed image accuracy. On the other side, Monte-Carlo (MC) methods provide a high precision, but are computationally expensive and time-consuming, even with recent progress in MC acceleration. Approach. In this work we explore the potential of deep learning (DL) for accurate scatter correction in PET imaging, accounting for all scatter coincidences. We propose a network based on a U-Net convolutional neural network architecture with 5 convolutional layers. The network takes as input the emission and computed tomography (CT)-derived attenuation factor (AF) sinograms and returns the estimated scatter sinogram. The network training was performed using MC simulated PET datasets. Multiple anthropomorphic extended cardiac-torso phantoms of two different regions (lung and pelvis) were created, considering three different body sizes and different levels of statistics. In addition, two patient datasets were used to assess the performance of the method in clinical practice. Main results. Our experiments showed that the accuracy of our method, namely DL-based scatter estimation (DLSE), was independent of the anatomical region (lungs or pelvis). They also showed that the DLSE-corrected images were similar to that reconstructed from scatter-free data and more accurate than SSS-corrected images. Significance. The proposed method is able to estimate scatter sinograms from emission and attenuation data. It has shown a better accuracy than the SSS, while being faster than MC scatter estimation methods.
Preparation and optical characterization of nanoparticle organic photoactive layer using new fullerene
Authors: Obaid Hiba Aliwi , Al-Mudhaffer Mohammed F
Published: October 2022

Nanoparticle Organic photovoltaic devices (NPs-OPVs) have received a great attention due to utilizing eco-friendly material to prepare active layer in OPV without any hazard on the environment. Herein, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is employed as a donor with a new and low cost fullerene ICxA to prepare NPs photoactive layer. The NPs photoactive layer is prepared by minemulation method generating core–shell structure. A DLS and STEM measurements are preformed to calculate the particle size (which is around 40 nm). Optical properties then demonstrated for P3HT: ICxA NPs compared with P3HT: PCBM NPs by using UV–vis measurements. The finding of this report reveals that the low cost and a new acceptor ICxA behaviour relativity agree with PCBM as commercial material in NPs structure.
A broadband vortex beam generator using graphene metasurface reflectarray in terahertz region
Authors: Ma Huanxi , Pan Guangwu , Yuan Guoliang , Xie Yuting , Li Zhi , Lin Zhili , Su Shaojian , Qiu Weibin , Huang Beiju , Kan Qiang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a broadband vortex beam generator based on the graphene metasurface reflectarray is demonstrated in terahertz region. The designed graphene metasurface reflectarray structure realizes the generation of orbital angular momentum vortex wave with topological charges of l = ±1, l = ±2 and l = ±3 ranging from 2 to 2.4 THz by modulating the chemical potential and the radius of the graphene unit. Moreover, all of the vortex beam with topological charges of l = +1, l = +2 and l = +3 have a high purity in the range from 2 to 2.4 THz. Our finding shows that the graphene metasurface reflectarray structure might find applications in the fields of broad band vortex wave devices in THz domains and also provide new insights into innovative low-profile devices in the wireless communication.
A novel plasmonic sensor using solid core D-shaped negative curvature optical fiber with AU–TiO2 layer
Authors: Divya J , Selvendran S
Published: October 2022

Recently, unique structure fiber enacts a significant role in sensing applications. A novel D-shaped negative curvature fiber based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed. The design consists of negative curvature solid core fiber surrounded by a cladding composed of double-layer adjoined airholes. An outside layer of the cladding contains semi-circular airholes, and the interior layer has small circular air holes to overwhelm the higher-order modes. The external sensing approach detects changes in the refractive index between 1.33 and 1.37. Employing gold as a plasmonic material, SPR is developed on top of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Between the gold layer and the PCF, a small layer of titanium dioxide is placed for binding the plasmonic material to the fiber. And it acts as an adhesive layer. The finite element method is used to perform numerical analyses. After improving the structural parameters, an enhanced sensitivity of 26 000 nm RIU−1 is achieved. Because of its enhanced sensitivity, this sensor is used in a bio-medical application to detect and prevent diseases in the early stage.
Ytterbium optical lattice clock with instability of order 10−18
Authors: Zhang Ang , Xiong Zhuanxian , Chen Xiaotong , Jiang Yanyi , Wang Jinqi , Tian Congcong , Zhu Qiang , Wang Bing , Xiong Dezhi , He Lingxiang , Ma Longsheng , Lyu Baolong
Published: October 2022

We have built an ytterbium optical lattice clock with improvements over our previous version. An in-vacuum blackbody radiation (BBR) shield is employed to provide a well characterized BBR environment. The effective temperature felt by the atoms can be determined at an accuracy level of 13 mK, leading to a total BBR frequency shift uncertainty of 9.5 × 10−19. We have also built an ultra-stable optical cavity system to pre-stabilize the clock laser, achieving a flicker frequency instability of ∼3 × 10−16. Rabi spectroscopy of the lattice-trapped atoms can achieve sub-Hertz linewidth spectra. Two ytterbium clocks have been operated in an antisynchronized configuration, with real-time BBR-Stark-shift corrections applied to both of them. By comparing the two clocks, we demonstrate a single-clock instability of 5.4 × 10−18 in 4500 s. This clock will be applied for frequency comparisons to other optical clocks of different atomic species in the future.
Flexible X-ray imaging detectors using scintillating fibers
Authors: Wilbur S. , Anastopoulos C. , Angelmahr M. , Asfis G. , Koch J. , Lindblom M. , Lohwasser K. , Margulis W.
Published: October 2022

We present early design and simulation work on a novel X-ray imaging detector. The intent of the FleX-RAY project is to create a digital X-ray detector that is capable of producing high-resolution images, is flexible enough to produce an image on a curved surface, and is capable of self-reporting its final shape. The X-rays will be detected on a sheet of scintillating optical fibers, which will guide the scintillation light to single-photon avalanche photodiodes. This setup allows the electronics and hardware to be moved out of the path of the X-ray beam, limiting the need for additional shielding. Self-shape-reporting will be achieved using a flexible ultra-thin glass substrate with optical waveguides and Bragg gratings, processed by femtosecond laser point-by-point writing. The functionalized glass substrate allows precise measurement of strains, which can be used to calculate the shape.
Position sensitive detectors in proton therapy: online monitoring of the beam position
Authors: Schaefer R. , Actis O. , Koenig S. , Eichin M. , Weber D.C.
Published: October 2022

Spot-scanning is a highly dynamic treatment method in proton therapy, tailored to each tumor shape individually. By superimposing many single spots in all three spatial axes, a prescribed dose is applied to the tumor volume. To minimize dose inhomogeneity across this volume, tight constraints on the beam position accuracy apply: for a dose inhomogeneity below 1%, a longitudinal beam position accuracy of the order of 1 mm is necessary, whereas in the lateral plane, the accuracy needs to be roughly one order of magnitude better. Longitudinal position control is achieved through selecting the beam energy; laterally, this is achieved by two sweeper magnets, allowing position changes within milliseconds. Such dynamics and accuracy constraints require an online measurement of the beam position to enable and maintain high treatment quality assurance. Gantry 2 at the Center for Proton Therapy at PSI operates a plane parallel strip ionization chamber for this purpose as the final beamline element before the patient. The foil-based detector design is optimized for an in-situ placement in the beam axis and keeps beam disturbance at a minimum. A strip pitch of 2 mm allows to reconstruct the Gaussian shape beam profile with the desired accuracy. These beam profiles are analyzed (and verified) during a treatment on a spot-by-spot basis, before the next spot is applied, introducing a dead time after every spot. Applying 50, 000 spots in a treatment introduces the challenge to data acquisition and — processing in terms of keeping treatment times reasonable. Data pileup and long dead times are mitigated by optimized front-end electronics and early-stage data processing, without compromising data quality and the accuracy of the measured beam position.
Analysis of energy stability in 6/4 MeV dual energy RF electron linac
Authors: Rajan Rehim N. , Mondal J. , Tillu A.R. , Sharma V. , Bhattacharjee D. , Chandan Shiv , Yadav V. , Sharma Archana
Published: October 2022

RF linear accelerators are used to produce high energy
electron beams up to several MeV for various industrial, medical and
research applications. Accelerators with switchable energy are
increasingly finding application in non-destructive testing
systems with material discrimination capability. These systems
are based on pulsed accelerators with duration 3 to 10 micro second
with repetition rate up to 400 Hz. Magnetrons are used as microwave
source in relatively low power accelerator systems. This paper
examines various factors affecting the pulse to pulse energy
variation in such radiation sources. Contributions from individual
subsystems are accounted and the cumulative performance is
evaluated. Dose stability improvement with remedial measures has
been discussed.
A readout electronic system for a 3D position-sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometer based on the CPRE10-32 readout ASIC
Authors: Chen Tianze , Li Xiaohui , Wang Ke , Wei CunFeng , Shuai Lei , Jiang Xiaopan , Wang Na , Wang Mian , Wei Long
Published: October 2022

A readout electronic system based on the Charge Pulse
Readout Electronics 10-32 (CPRE10-32) Application Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC) has been developed for the 3D
position-sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometer. The system
includes the Font-end Electrics (FEE) board, the Data Acquisition
(DAQ) board, the FPGA firmware, and the PC software. The Full Width
at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the electronic noise of the system was
approximately 4.72 keV when the 3D-CZT detector and high voltage
were connected and the minimum gain was selected. The electronic
noise at the minimum and maximum gain using the calibration signal
without the detector was approximately 3.335 keV and 3.074 keV,
respectively. The Equivalent Noise Charge Number (ENN) was about
375 e- with the detector and about 265 e- with the
detector. The test data of Cs-137 demonstrated that the linear
response range of the system reached up to 3 MeV and 450 keV at
the minimum and maximum gain, respectively. With the 3D-CZT
detector, the Am-241 and Cs-137 radioactive sources were detected,
and the energy resolution was 7.25% and 2.22%, respectively. By
performing electron drift time correction, the energy resolution of
the full-energy peak of Cs-137 at 662 keV was improved to 0.76% at
medium gain. After acquiring energy and time data successfully, it
is demonstrated that this readout electronic system can meet the
hardware requirements for Compton scatter imaging with 3D-CZT.
Mechanical and Durability Studies on Concretes Containing Crumb Rubber Fine Aggregate
Authors: Pavankalyan Kormani , Durga Prasad R , Pradeep Kumar S
Published: October 2022

A growing demand to develop sustainable construction materials, has led to many challenges that are focused to achieve a balance between maintaining the performance characteristics of final product and utilization of non-biodegradable waste materials. There have been numerous attempts to develop concretes by utilizing mineral admixtures and alternate filler materials. In the recent past enormous work has been focused to develop concretes containing crumb rubber as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. In the present study efforts are made to study the mechanical and durability properties of concretes containing crumb rubber as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The 5% to 20% volume of fine aggregate was replaced with crumb rubber and various mechanical and durability properties were evaluated by compressive strength test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, Absorption-Desorption studies, Rapid Chloride Penetration Test. The results corresponding to the same are presented.
Optimization of Fluid Viscous Damper Diagonal & Combined Bracing Arrangement in G+9 RCC Structure
Authors: Baikhan Sairam , Karunakar D , Mallikarjuna Rao G. , Praveen Oggu.
Published: October 2022

earthquake event is changeable by nature, which has the capacity make devastating operational damage to a structure and collapse in due course which leads the huge loss of life and huge structure property loss. Because of this, much realization has initiated by many researchers for the progress of structural rheostat techniques such as passive controlling and active controlling system which are associated in the systems of Tuned Mass Damper, Fluid Viscous Dampers, Base Isolation inhibiters etc. In this study an experimentation has been carried by in view of G+9 reinforced concrete structure with in the proliferation of quake analysis in SAP-2000. The G+9 RCC structure has been analyzed by means of the connection of fluid viscous dampers situated at numerous patterns in two various systems such as diagonal bracing and combined bracing system by a total of 30 types has been espoused by trial based in various stimulating patterns. The efficiency of that analyzed structural models had better be clearly pragmatic by means of the resultant structural performances, for instance lateral displacement, energy dissipation, storey drift and base response etc. The finest optimum arrangement of fluid viscous dampers had recommended to use for seismic response resistant structure for vibrating control system.
Modeling of Bituminous concrete Job mix formula design using Path Variate Analysis and Interval method
Authors: Penki Ramu , Kumar Kota Komal , Srinuvasurao Vechalapu
Published: October 2022

This paper represents the numerical methods for the aggregate blending process in the bituminous concrete job mix design. Path variate analysis method and Interval methods were applied to four and five types of aggregate sizes for the blending process. The aspects to be considered in the design job mix design using traditional methods are, that the mix design should be economical, accurate, should consume less time, etc. To achieve these aspects, many numerical methods were developed. It was proven here that the numerical methods specified above are providing a proper proportion of aggregates and the results also seem effective and perfectly within the objective function. The gradation area is computed using the curve fitting approach. Gradation seeks to reduce void space, therefore increasing the mix’s performance. Thus, while comparing the gradation area of mix obtained by two numerical methods such as path variate analysis and interval method for blending process, for five-no. of aggregates 64.163 and 104.169 and for four no. of aggregates 74.687,87.905. This path analysis method blends results have shown less gradation area, hence lesser gradation yields high performance in mix.
Laboratory Assessment of Coir Geotextile Mats Under Wheel Load Conditions for Low-Volume Roads (LVRs)
Authors: Harinder D , Shankar S , Chandu B
Published: October 2022

The present study brought out the effort and quantifies the use of geotextile in Low-Volume Roads over the weak subgrade. The Low-Volume Roads (LVRs) play a key role in the economic growth of rural area as well as helps in developing the country. The construction of these LVRs over the weak strength of soil subgrade is a challenging task for civil engineering to provide the safe and smooth flow of traffic, and such soil is revealed that the Black Cotton soil (BC). The weak soil subgrade consists the finer particles like clay and silt showing poor shear strength, bearing capacity, and California bearing ration values. It poses several serious problems to the LVRs. To arrest these problems many of the conventional techniques were adopted in pavement application. But these techniques are nor economical and neither eco-friendly. To reduce this problem, the cost of construction, and to provide a longer duration, geosynthetics are introduced as an alternate material in pavement application in the last few decades. In the umbrella of geosynthetics, the geotextile is gaining attention for its utilization in pavement constructions. The study found the coir composite mats performed better reinforcement and improved the strength of the pavements. This study concluded that the use of coir geotextile mats with appropriate of sub-base soil at the suitable position at H/4 with morrum soil improved the performance of the LVRs with 200mm thickness of mould over the 400 mm thickness of the mould. It is indicate a decrease in construction and maintenance costs of the LVRs.
Decolourization of reactive orange 13 dye using waste agricultural materials as precursors for preparing activated carbon
Authors: Chaudhari D S , Shah K A , Rane D S
Published: October 2022

There are various technologies for treatment of dye wastewater but most efficient, reliable, economic and simple is by adsorption by activated carbon. In this study, an economical activated carbon was prepared from waste materials, sugarcane bagasse and banana peels for the adsorptive removal of reactive orange 13 dye from synthetically prepared wastewater. Physico-chemical characterization of the prepared activated carbons namely, proximate analysis and absorptive capacity indicator numbers were performed. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the prepared activated carbons was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed by varying parameters like adsorbent dose, dye concentration and pH. The maximum removal efficiency of sugarcane bagasse activated carbon (SB) was 84.82% at starting dye concentration of 100 mg/l, adsorbent dose, 1g adsorbent and pH 3, while the maximum removal efficiency of banana peels activated carbon (BP) was 96.35% at starting dye concentration of 100mg/l, 1g adsorbent and pH 8. The adsorption data fitted the best with Langmuir isotherm for both SB with R2 0.888 and BP with R2 0.988. The result shows that both adsorbents have good potential of colour removal.
Removal of Tannic acid and COD from synthetic Tannery wastewater
Authors: Maisuria K J , Shah K A , Rana J K
Published: October 2022

Tanning industries generate tannery wastewater having high amounts of tannic acid and high COD. Tannery wastewater is difficult to treat as it is having low biodegradability. Tannic acids or tannins are recalcitrant molecules that are toxic to a wide range of microorganisms. In this study, synthetic tannery wastewater treatment was performed by Electrocoagulation (EC) process. To extract the polyphenolic components of tannins, aluminum was employed as an anode electrode and stainless-steel as cathode electrode. Analysis of removal efficiencies was done by determining tannic acid concentration and COD. The effects of functional parameters such as current density, pH, and initial concentration of tannic acid were examined on the efficiency of electrocoagulation. At a current density of 30 A/m2 with an initial concentration of tannic acid of 1,000 mg/L, 94% of tannic acid removal and 94.92% of COD removal were observed. While tannic acid removal was fast, at 60 min, COD removal took a long duration of 120 min. The removal efficiency was observed for three various pH;4.11 (initial pH of the sample), 6, and 8. The maximal COD elimination was found to be accomplished at pH 4.11, which was the sample’s natural pH, whereas tannic acid removal was better at pH 6 and 8. Experiments with a varying initial concentration of tannic acid at 500 mgl−1, 800 mgl−1, and 1000 mgl−1 showed that as concentration was increased, the removal was difficult. The present study found the EC process effective in reducing COD and tannic acid concentration in synthetic tannery wastewater.
Electro - Fenton processes for Landfill leachate treatment using different electrode materials
Authors: Rane D S , Shah Kosha , Chaudhari D S
Published: October 2022

Landfill leachate contains high concentration of pollutants and treatment of leachate is very challenging as the properties are very fluctuating with quantity and time. Due to presence of non-biodegradable pollutants advanced oxidation processes are found effective to treat landfill leachate. In this study, fresh leachate sample from Jambuva landfill site at Vadodara, Gujarat, India was collected and analysed for the initial characterization. Electro-Fenton process was applied for the treatment of landfill leachate to evaluate the COD removal and colour removal by two methods: i) An external ferrous source is added, and an oxygen-sparging cathode produces hydrogen peroxide., and ii) Using an oxygen-sparging cathode and a sacrificial anode, hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion are electrogenerated. In the first method, Graphite was used as a cathode and Titanium as anode. In the second method, graphite was used as a cathode and Iron as anode. Continuous electro generation of hydrogen peroxide and Fe ions were measured to assess the efficiency of treatment process. In first method, maximum COD removal (58.22%) was obtained at current density 30 A/m2, FeSO4.7H2O dose of 1 mM and contact time of 150 mins with more than 98% colour removal. Whereas, in the second method, maximum COD removal (46.99%) was obtained at current density 40 A/m2 at contact time of 150 mins with more than 93% colour removal. The electro- Fenton process was found to be efficient for landfill leachate treatment.