bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apología del terrorismo y libertad de expresión en España y Francia. Un análisis crítico a la luz de la jurisprudencia del TEDH
Authors: Gomis Fons Andrés , Ripollés Pellicer Míriam , Jurado Cepas Juan , Mira Benavent Javier
Published: February 2025

En este informe, elaborado para la Open Society Justice Initiative, se analiza la regulación y aplicación práctica de los delitos de apología del terrorismo en las leyes penales española y francesa, todo ello atendiendo a los criterios del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en relación con las limitaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión. En este sentido, desde el punto de vista de los derechos fundamentales y los principios penales se observa una tendencia a la redacción vaga y difusa de los tipos penales y a una aplicación cada vez más expansiva y discrecional, lo cual ha permitido la vulneración del derecho fundamental a la libertad de expresión y la utilización de dicho delito como instrumento para la criminaliazción de la disidencia, especialmente en el caso español.
Número complet / Número completo
Authors: . VIVESIANA Jesú
Published: February 2025

..
Visions of AI: art and deliberative discourses
Authors: Burri Regula Valérie
Published: February 2025

In science and technology studies, “responsible research and innovation” (RRI) has become a central concept in discourses on innovation. Scholars applying this concept have called for reflexive, anticipatory and deliberative discourses on technoscientific choices and science objectives. The contributions of artists in these debates have not yet been considered in depth. In our art-based research project on artificial intelligence (AI), we suggest that art can contribute to discourses on reflexive and responsible innovation by bringing an additional perspective to deliberative processes about technology. As experts in imagining (alternative) futures, artists critically reflect and affectively engage with technology, offering different views and experiences to the public. This article presents an art-based research project on AI conducted in Germany. The article includes a conversation between the project’s team members who reflect on the research process, the artistic/epistemic practices, the AI visions revealed and created and how art-based research contributes to deliberative processes about AI.
Manejo integrado de bacias hidrográficas para produção de água: exercícios aplicados ao Rio Pardo
Authors: Piroli Edson Luís
Published: February 2025

Na atualidade, os temas de produção de água, segurança hídrica e mudanças climáticas alcançam visibilidade crescente e são discutidos nos meios acadêmicos, científicos, de comunicação e em parlamentos de todo o mundo. No entanto, precisam ser compreendidos e apropriados pelos gestores locais e regionais, por técnicos e pela população e seus representantes, para que as ações locais sejam condizentes com as discussões e o conhecimento globais. Este livro mostra a aplicação de técnicas de diagnóstico, de análises de áreas de municípios e de manejo integrado de bacias hidrográficas. Propõe ainda um conjunto de ações que visam envolver as comunidades na tarefa crucial de aumentar os volumes de água dos rios, potencializar a segurança hídrica da população e auxiliar na mitigação das mudanças climáticas nos territórios de bacias hidrográficas. Quando todas as bacias hidrográficas do Brasil e do mundo forem manejadas integralmente, seus solos, suas águas, seus ecossistemas e suas populações humanas serão mais saudáveis e poderão gozar de adequada segurança hídrica, alimentar e climática.
SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 contribute to heterochromatin maintenance at the transition from the 2C-like to the pluripotent state
Authors: Sebastian-Perez Ruben , Nakagawa Shoma , Tu Xiaochuan , Aranda Sergi , Pesaresi Martina , Gomez-Garcia Pablo Aurelio , Alcoverro-Bertran Marc , Gomez-Vazquez Jose Luis , Carnevali Davide , Borràs Eva , Sabidó Eduard , Martin Laura , Nissim-Rafinia Malka , Meshorer Eran , Neguembor Maria Victoria , Di Croce Luciano , Cosma Maria Pia
Published: February 2025

Chromocenters are established after the 2-cell (2C) stage during mouse embryonic development, but the factors that mediate chromocenter formation remain largely unknown. To identify regulators of 2C heterochromatin establishment in mice, we generated an inducible system to convert embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to 2C-like cells. This conversion is marked by a global reorganization and dispersion of H3K9me3-heterochromatin foci, which are then reversibly formed upon re-entry into pluripotency. By profiling the chromatin-bound proteome (chromatome) through genome capture of ESCs transitioning to 2C-like cells, we uncover chromatin regulators involved in de novo heterochromatin formation. We identified TOPBP1 and investigated its binding partner SMARCAD1. SMARCAD1 and TOPBP1 associate with H3K9me3-heterochromatin in ESCs. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of SMARCAD1 is lost in 2C-like cells. SMARCAD1 or TOPBP1 depletion in mouse embryos leads to developmental arrest, reduction of H3K9me3, and remodeling of heterochromatin foci. Collectively, our findings contribute to comprehending the maintenance of chromocenters during early development.
Catalytic growth in a shared enzyme pool ensures robust control of centrosome size
Authors: Banerjee Deb Sankar , Banerjee Shiladitya
Published: February 2025

Accurate regulation of centrosome size is essential for ensuring error-free cell division, and dysregulation of centrosome size has been linked to various pathologies, including developmental defects and cancer. While a universally accepted model for centrosome size regulation is lacking, prior theoretical and experimental works suggest a centrosome growth model involving autocatalytic assembly of the pericentriolar material. Here, we show that the autocatalytic assembly model fails to explain the attainment of equal centrosome sizes, which is crucial for error-free cell division. Incorporating latest experimental findings into the molecular mechanisms governing centrosome assembly, we introduce a new quantitative theory for centrosome growth involving catalytic assembly within a shared pool of enzymes. Our model successfully achieves robust size equality between maturing centrosome pairs, mirroring cooperative growth dynamics observed in experiments. To validate our theoretical predictions, we compare them with available experimental data and demonstrate the broad applicability of the catalytic growth model across different organisms, which exhibit distinct growth dynamics and size scaling characteristics.
Insufficiency of 40S ribosomal proteins, RPS26 and RPS25, negatively affects biosynthesis of polyglycine-containing proteins in fragile-X associated conditions
Authors: Tutak Katarzyna , Broniarek Izabela , Zielezinski Andrzej , Niewiadomska Daria , Skrzypczak Tomasz , Baud Anna , Sobczak Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

Expansion of CGG repeats (CGGexp) in the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of the
FMR1
gene underlies the fragile X premutation-associated conditions including tremor/ataxia syndrome, a late-onset neurodegenerative disease and fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency. One common pathomechanism of these conditions is the repeat-associated non-AUG-initiated (RAN) translation of CGG repeats of mutant
FMR1
mRNA, resulting in production of FMRpolyG, a toxic protein containing long polyglycine tract. To identify novel modifiers of RAN translation we used an RNA-tagging system and mass spectrometry-based screening. It revealed proteins enriched on CGGexp-containing
FMR1
RNA in cellulo, including a ribosomal protein RPS26, a component of the 40S subunit. We demonstrated that depletion of RPS26 and its chaperone TSR2, modulates FMRpolyG production and its toxicity. We also found that the RPS26 insufficiency impacted translation of limited number of proteins, and 5’UTRs of mRNAs encoding these proteins were short and guanosine and cytosine-rich. Moreover, the silencing of another component of the 40S subunit, the ribosomal protein RPS25, also induced repression of FMRpolyG biosynthesis. Results of this study suggest that the two 40S ribosomal proteins and chaperone TSR2 play an important role in noncanonical CGGexp-related RAN translation.
Leveraging sentiment analysis of food delivery services reviews using deep learning and word embedding
Authors: Mustafa Dheya , Khabour Safaa M. , Al-kfairy Mousa , Shatnawi Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Companies that deliver food (food delivery services, or FDS) try to use customer feedback to identify aspects where the customer experience could be improved. Consumer feedback on purchasing and receiving goods via online platforms is a crucial tool for learning about a company’s performance. Many English-language studies have been conducted on sentiment analysis (SA). Arabic is becoming one of the most extensively written languages on the World Wide Web, but because of its morphological and grammatical difficulty as well as the lack of openly accessible resources for Arabic SA, like as dictionaries and datasets, there has not been much research done on the language. Using a manually annotated FDS dataset, the current study conducts extensive sentiment analysis using reviews related to FDS that include Modern Standard Arabic and dialectal Arabic. It does this by utilizing word embedding models, deep learning techniques, and natural language processing to extract subjective opinions, determine polarity, and recognize customers’ feelings in the FDS domain. Convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network (BiLSTM), and an LSTM-CNN hybrid model were among the deep learning approaches to classification that we evaluated. In addition, the article investigated different effective approaches for word embedding and stemming techniques. Using a dataset of Modern Standard Arabic and dialectal Arabic corpus gathered from Talabat.com, we trained and evaluated our suggested models. Our best accuracy was approximately 84% for multiclass classification and 92.5% for binary classification on the FDS. To verify that the proposed approach is suitable for analyzing human perceptions in diversified domains, we designed and carried out excessive experiments on other existing Arabic datasets. The highest obtained multi-classification accuracy is 88.9% on the Hotels Arabic-Reviews Dataset (HARD) dataset, and the highest obtained binary classification accuracy is 97.2% on the same dataset.
Beyond single-species models: leveraging multispecies forecasts to navigate the dynamics of ecological predictability
Authors: Clark Nicholas J. , Ernest S. K. Morgan , Senyondo Henry , Simonis Juniper , White Ethan P. , Yenni Glenda M. , Karunarathna K. A. N. K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Forecasting the responses of natural populations to environmental change is a key priority in the management of ecological systems. This is challenging because the dynamics of multi-species ecological communities are influenced by many factors. Populations can exhibit complex, nonlinear responses to environmental change, often over multiple temporal lags. In addition, biotic interactions, and other sources of multi-species dependence, are major contributors to patterns of population variation. Theory suggests that near-term ecological forecasts of population abundances can be improved by modelling these dependencies, but empirical support for this idea is lacking.

Methods

We test whether models that learn from multiple species, both to estimate nonlinear environmental effects and temporal interactions, improve ecological forecasts compared to simpler single species models for a semi-arid rodent community. Using dynamic generalized additive models, we analyze time series of monthly captures for nine rodent species over 25 years.

Results

Model comparisons provide strong evidence that multi-species dependencies improve both hindcast and forecast performance, as models that captured these effects gave superior predictions than models that ignored them. We show that changes in abundance for some species can have delayed, nonlinear effects on others, and that lagged, nonlinear effects of temperature and vegetation greenness are key drivers of changes in abundance for this system.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that multivariate models are useful not only to improve near-term ecological forecasts but also to ask targeted questions about ecological interactions and drivers of change. This study emphasizes the importance of jointly modelling species’ shared responses to the environment and their delayed temporal interactions when teasing apart community dynamics.
Effect of Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Dementia and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Sublok Pooja Motar , Kerkar Mrunali , Patil Shivani , Ugale Bhairavi
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Dementia is a chronic neurocognitive disorder that causes a decline in cognitive functions. As the global prevalence of dementia rises, non pharmacological therapies, such as Cognitive Stimulation (CS), have shown promise in preserving cognitive function and improving Quality of Life (QoL). Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (iCST) offers an alternative intervention for those unable to participate in group therapies, often involving caregivers as facilitators.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of iCST on dementia in older adults and its impact on individual QoL.

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental trial, a prepost study design was conducted in Marathwada, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, from September 26, 2023 to February 21, 2024. A total of 34 study participants, aged ≥60 years with mild to moderate dementia {Global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score=1 or 2}, were included. Participants received iCST three times a week, with each session lasting 45 minutes, over a period of five weeks. After the completion of therapy, changes were noted using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and the Older People’s Quality Of Life (OPQoL) questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the dependent t-test.

Results: The results were statistically significant with respect to both measures. The mean difference of the CDR Scale and the OPQoL questionnaire score was 0.97±1.28 and 10.79±5.31, respectively which showed a statistically highly significant difference with a p-value <0.001.

Conclusion: The iCST program has shown efficacy in alleviating dementia symptoms and enhancing the QoL for individuals with mild to moderate dementia.
Efficacy of Laparoscopic versus Open Donor Nephrectomy in the Living Kidney Donor: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Asabe Sashikant , Singh Shivam , Mhaske Sunil , Sabale Vilas P
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Renal transplantation is the optimal treatment for End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD), with living donor nephrectomy providing significant advantages over deceased donor renal transplantation. The present study compares the safety and efficacy of Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy (LDN) versus Open Donor Nephrectomy (ODN) in living kidney donors.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic versus ODN.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Urology at D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, over a period of two years, from May 2022 to May 2024 involved 60 living kidney donors who underwent either LDN (30 patients) or ODN (30 patients). Data were collected from medical records, including demographic information, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes. Primary outcomes assessed included mean operative time, warm ischaemia time, amount of intraoperative blood loss, conversion rates to open surgery, and intra- as well as postoperative complications and difficulties encountered. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, recipient graft function, and donor renal function at the time of discharge. Quality of life was measured using a validated questionnaire at six months postsurgery. Data were analysed using the Student’s t-test and Chisquare test with Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of the LDN and ODN patients was 50.10±10.69 years 50.17±7.88 years, respectively. Most patients were aged 51-60 years (40%) and predominantly female (65%). The ODN had a shorter mean operative time (186.50±27.04 vs. 256.23±25.53 minutes, p<0.001) and lower warm ischaemia time (3.30±1.36 vs. 9.10±3.82 minutes, p<0.001) compared to LDN. However, ODN resulted in greater blood loss (89.67±36.99 vs. 61.16±15.68 mL, p<0.001) and longer hospital stays (4.60±0.77 vs. 3.50±0.63 days, p<0.001). Peri- and postoperative complications were more frequent in ODN (n=8 Grade 1; n=1 Grade 3 complication). At six months, LDN donors reported better quality of life scores in physical function (85.0 vs. 78.0, p=0.02), vitality (78.0 vs. 70.0, p<0.05), social functioning (82.0 vs. 75.0, p=0.012), and mental health (80.0 vs. 73.0, p=0.006).

Conclusion: The LDN offers superior surgical outcomes and quality of life for living kidney donors, promoting its continued use in renal transplantation. However, additional studies are necessary to validate these findings across various populations and clinical environments, especially in novice surgical centres.
Early Detection and Management of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency through Newborn Screening: A Case Study and Public Health Perspective
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Rahul , PG Vijayakumar , S Seethalakshmi , W Lydia Jeris
Published: February 2025

Newborn screening is a crucial public health program aimed at early detection of genetic, metabolic and endocrine disorders in infants, enabling prompt intervention to prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes. This study focuses on the importance of screening for conditions such as Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency a hereditary enzyme disorder that can cause life-threatening hemolysis. The case study of a 3-day-old infant diagnosed with G6PD deficiency highlights the significance of early diagnosis through newborn screening. Following diagnosis, parental counseling, trigger avoidance and vaccination were emphasized to manage the condition effectively. The study advocates for the integration of G6PD screening into routine neonatal screening programs particularly in regions with high endemicity to ensure timely interventions, reduce morbidity and enhance quality of life. The findings underscore the critical role of early detection, caregiver education and healthcare policy integration in improving outcomes for infants with genetic and metabolic disorders.
Impact of Foliar Application of Nutrients and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield, and Profitability of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Patidar Rakesh , Mishra Deepak , Regar Om Prakash , Bairwa Rajendra , Chaturvedi Falguni , Yadav Indra Raj
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of Nutrients and Plant Growth regulators on growth and yield of Mung bean variety “SML-832‟ was used in this study. The result revealed that the maximum growth parameters such as plant height (51.22 cm), dry matter accumulation (24.33 g), number of primary branches per plant (8.12), number of nodulation (35.85) and yield parameter such as number of pods per plant (17.10), number of seed per pod (9.20), grain yield (10.95 q/ha), straw yield (20.02 q/ha) and biological yield (30.97 q/ha) with application of T9-Urea @ 2% + Salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation + Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation. It was concluded that the treatment T9-Urea @ 2% + Salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation + Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation increases growth and yield of mung bean.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Climate Change in Agriculture: A Study of Kerabari Municipality in Morang District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Suman Kumar , Karky Jant Raj , Timsina Saroj Kumar
Published: February 2025

Agriculture has become more vulnerable to a changing climate characterized by a shift in rainfall, rising temperatures, and increased extreme weather conditions. Such climatic variations have had adverse effects on crop yields and agricultural practices, general productivity being impacted most, meanwhile farmers, especially in areas like Kerabari Municipality, are experiencing erratic rainfall, outbreaks of pests, and deforestation. The present study investigates some specific climatic and socio-economic challenges faced by the farmers and identifies how far these challenges hamper their adaptation capacity and agricultural productivity. The in-depth interview, focus group discussions, and field observations are included in the qualitative approach to this research. In this context, the study examines the various socio-economic determinants that affect their adaptation strategies, as well as how far the current farming practices are appropriate. The result focuses the need for sustainable agricultural methods, resilient infrastructure, and access to climate information. It is also stated that government support is highly required to help build long-term agricultural resilience and reduce the impact of climate change.
Geklärtes und Ungeklärtes im Recht der Verdachtsberichterstattung — Entwicklung einer ausdifferenzierten Beurteilungsmatrix als Aufgabe der Wissenschaft
Authors: Duttge Gunnar
Published: February 2025

Die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen für eine öffentlichkeitswirksame Verdachtsberichterstattung gelten mit Rücksicht auf eine inzwischen etablierte höchstrichterliche Rechtsprechung weithin als geklärt. Ein näherer Blick offenbart jedoch Unsicherheiten selbst im rechtsgrundsätzlichen Ausgangspunkt, und die Unwägbarkeiten bei der Beurteilung konkreter Fälle belegen ein manifestes konzeptionelles Defizit. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht dies anhand der zuletzt medial aufsehenerregenden „Skandale“.
Der „Vorsteuerabzug bei Kreditinstituten“ – das BMF nimmt Stellung
Authors: Jacobs Helge
Published: February 2025

Der Beitrag erläutert detailliert die sich für die Besteuerungspraxis der Kreditinstitute aus dem BMF-Schreiben v. 9.12.2024 ergebenden Anforderungen für eine sachgerechte Zuordnung vorsteuerbelasteter Eingangsleistungen und die Bildung eines sachgerechten Aufteilungsschlüssels zur Berechnung des abzugsfähigen Vorsteueranteils bei gemischter Verwendung von Eingangsleistungen.
Antibody Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Immunocompromised Persons
Authors: Karaba Andrew H. , Hage Camille , Sengsouk Isabella , Balasubramanian Prasanthy , Segev Dorry L. , Tobian Aaron A. A. R. , Werbel William A.
Published: December 2024

This prospective study investigates antibody response following respiratory syncytial virus vaccination in immunocompromised individuals.
Addressing Racial and Ethnic Bias in Pulse Oximeters—A Wicked Problem
Authors: Shachar Carmel , Drabo Emmanuel F. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Ferryman Kadija
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the racial and ethnic bias of pulse oximetry devices and presents interdisciplinary proposals to address it.
Adherence to FDA Guidance on Pulse Oximetry Testing Among Diverse Individuals, 1996-2024
Authors: Ferryman Kadija , Crews Deidra C. , Drabo Emmanuel F. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Kane Odia , Jackson John W.
Published: December 2024

This study examines temporal trends in US Food and Drug Administration clearance summaries for pulse oximeters that report information about race and ethnicity and/or skin color or tone.
Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Sequence Variations and Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Reiner Anne S. , Watt Gordon P. , Malone Kathleen E. , Lynch Charles F. , John Esther M. , Knight Julia A. , Woods Meghan , Liang Xiaolin , Tischkowitz Marc , Conti David V. , Robson Mark E. , Mellemkjær Lene , Teraoka Sharon N. , Concannon Patrick , Bernstein Jonine L.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Heterogeneity in development of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific first primary breast cancer exists due to deleterious germline variants in moderate- to high-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, but it is unknown if these associations occur in ER-specific CBC.

Objective

To determine the association of deleterious germline variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes with ER-specific CBC development and whether ER status of the first primary breast cancer modifies these associations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case-control study included CBC cases and matched unilateral breast cancer controls from The Women’s Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, a population-based case-control study. Eligible women were diagnosed between 1985 and 2000 with data and biospecimens collected from 2001 to 2004. Eligible participants were women younger than 55 years at first invasive breast cancer diagnosis. Participants were matched on age, diagnosis year, cancer registry region, and race and ethnicity, and countermatched on radiation treatment. For cases, CBC occurred 1 year or more following first breast cancer diagnosis. Analyses were performed from May to October 2024.

Exposures

CHEK2 1100delC and deleterious variants in ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2.

Main Outcome and Measure

Development of CBC, measured as a rate ratio (RR).

Results

A total of 1290 women were included in analysis (median [IQR] age at first diagnosis, 47 [42-51] years). The ER-positive CBC rate for women with deleterious ATM variants was 4 times higher than for women without deleterious ATM variants (RR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.11-21.08; P = .04); no women with ER-negative CBC carried deleterious ATM variants. The ER-positive CBC rates for women with deleterious variants in BRCA2 or CHEK2 1100delC were 5 to 6 times higher than for women without deleterious variants in BRCA2 or CHEK2 1100delC, respectively (BRCA2: RR, 5.88; 95% CI, 2.61-13.26, P < .001; CHEK2 1100delC: RR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.26-29.04; P = .02). The ER-negative CBC rate for women with deleterious BRCA1 variants was 26 times higher than for women without deleterious BRCA1 variants (RR, 26.16; 95% CI, 8.01-85.44; P < .001). First primary breast cancer ER status did not modify associations between deleterious variants and ER-specific CBC development.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case-control study of CBC, deleterious variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes were differentially associated with ER-specific CBC development. Germline variation profile may inform estimates of outcomes for ER-specific CBC subtypes.
Occurrence and Time of Onset of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Nagy Zsuzsanna , Obeidat Mahmoud , Máté Vanda , Nagy Rita , Szántó Emese , Veres Dániel Sándor , Kói Tamás , Hegyi Péter , Major Gréta Szilvia , Garami Miklós , Gasparics Ákos , te Pas Arjan B. , Szabó Miklós
Published: December 2024

Importance

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been described to typically occur during the early hours of life (HOL); however, the exact time of onset is still unknown.

Objective

To investigate the temporal distribution of IVH reported in very preterm neonates.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched on May 9, 2024.

Study Selection

Articles were selected in which at least 2 cranial ultrasonographic examinations were performed in the first week of life to diagnose IVH. Studies with only outborn preterm neonates were excluded.

Data Extraction And Synthesis

Data were extracted independently by 3 reviewers. A random-effects model was applied. This study is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. The Quality in Prognostic Studies 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Main Outcomes And Measures

The overall occurrence of any grade IVH and severe IVH among preterm infants was calculated along with a 95% CI. The temporal distribution of the onset of IVH was analyzed by pooling the time windows 0 to 6, 0 to 12, 0 to 24, 0 to 48, and 0 to 72 HOL. A subgroup analysis was conducted using studies published before and after 2007 to allow comparison with the results of a previous meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 21 567 records were identified, of which 64 studies and data from 9633 preterm infants were eligible. The overall rate of IVH did not decrease significantly before vs after 2007 (36%; 95% CI, 30%-42% vs 31%; 95% CI, 25%-36%), nor did severe IVH (10%; 95% CI, 7%-13% vs 11%; 95% CI, 8%-14%). The proportion of very early IVH (up to 6 HOL) after 2007 was 9% (95% CI, 3%-23%), which was 4 times lower than before 2007 (35%; 95% CI, 24%-48%). IVH up to 24 HOL before and after 2007 was 44% (95% CI, 31%-58%) and 25% (95% CI, 15%-39%) and up to 48 HOL was 82% (95% CI, 65%-92%) and 50% (95% CI, 34%-66%), respectively.

Conclusion And Relevance

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the overall prevalence of IVH in preterm infants has not changed significantly since 2007, but studies after 2007 showed a later onset as compared with earlier studies, with only a small proportion of IVHs occurring before 6 HOL.
Insights into PI3K/AKT signaling in B cell development and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Buchner Maike
Published: December 2024

The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway is a central regulator of B cell biology, influencing survival, proliferation, metabolism, and immune responses. This Review explores how in both normal and malignant B cells, signaling operates within a finely tuned “comfort zone”, where appropriate levels support cell growth and survival. This comfort zone is dynamically modulated by the developmental stage, costimulatory signals, and the duration, magnitude, and subcellular localization of signaling events. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, aberrant PI3K/AKT activation drives disease progression and resistance to therapy. Notably, deviations from the comfort zone—whether through excessive hyperactivation or insufficient signaling—can trigger cell death, presenting therapeutic opportunities. Signaling thresholds influence normal B cell development and chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis, including mechanisms of immune escape and Richter's transformation, an aggressive progression from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Therapeutic strategies targeting PI3K/AKT are evaluated, with a focus on challenges such as toxicity. By understanding the nuanced modulation of the signaling comfort zone, we can refine therapies to selectively eliminate leukemic cells while preserving normal B cell function, offering new hope for improved treatment outcomes.
Field‐Flow Fractionation Coupled to Atomic Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Inorganic Nanoparticles Characterization: Theory and Applications
Authors: Maknun Luluil , Saenmuangchin Rattaporn , Siripinyanond Atitaya
Published: December 2024

Inorganic nanoparticles have been applied in various applications owing to their interesting properties including magnetic, thermal, optical, and catalytic performance. They can be classified as mono‐metallic nanoparticles, bimetallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots. Field‐flow fractionation (FFF) is an interesting nonchromatographic technique for size characterization of materials with nanometer range. Various subtechniques of FFF including flow, sedimentation, electrical, and thermal are described with some selected applications reviewed. Moreover, FFF can be used via off‐line and on‐line with many elemental detection techniques: GFAAS, ICP‐OES, ICP‐MS, and SP‐ICP‐MS to provide more information in term of quantification and element‐specific detection. In this article, applications of FFF with atomic spectrometric detection for various types of samples, including consumer products, food, environmental samples, biological samples, and sensors, are discussed.
Additive Manufacturing with Cellulose‐Based Composites: Materials, Modeling, and Applications
Authors: De Shuvodeep , Rukmani Shalini J. , Zhao Xianhui , Clarkson Caitlyn , Vautard Frederic , Bhagia Samarthya , Goswami Monojoy , Zhang Shuyang , Elyas Sana F. , Zhao Wei , Smith Jeremy C. , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Ozcan Soydan , Tekinalp Halil , Si Muqing , Huang Jinrui , He Ximin
Published: December 2024

Recent advances in large‐scale additive manufacturing (AM) with polymer‐based composites have enabled efficient production of high‐performance materials. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as bio‐based feedstocks due to their exceptional strength and sustainability. However, challenges such as hornification and poor dispersion in polymer matrices still limit large‐scale CNM–polymer composite manufacturing, requiring novel strategies. This review outlines an approach starting with atomic‐level simulations to link molecular composition to key parameters like bulk density, viscosity, and modulus. These simulations provide data for finite element analysis (FEA), which informs large‐scale experiments and reduces the need for extensive trials. The strategy explores how atomic interactions impact the morphology, adhesion, and mechanical properties of CNM‐based composites in AM processes. The review also discusses current developments in AM, along with predictions of mechanical and thermal properties for structural applications, packaging, flexible electronics, and hydrogel scaffolds. By integrating experimental findings with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and finite element modeling (FEM), valuable insights for material design, process optimization, and performance enhancement in CNM‐based AM are provided to address ongoing challenges.
Diluting the Electric Supply of Surface Selenium Species to Realize Enhanced Hydrogen Monitoring in Agriculture
Authors: Wang Xiaowu , Zeng Zhigang , Ma Zhiheng , Li Musen , Wang Yin , Wang Zhanchen , Gao Ruiling , Jia Xin , Hu Pengfei , Lu Bo , Xue Zhenggang , Xu Jiaqiang
Published: December 2024

Electron state of catalyst surface is crucial to optimize the adsorption/intermediate state of gas molecules during the sensing reaction. Herein, we develop an electron‐dilution strategy by introducing Pd/Pt species into semiconductor ZnSe to construct electron‐deficient Se surface, exhibiting excellent H2 sensing performances. It is found that different metal doping can induce remarkable electric environment changes of Se atoms. For example, compared with Pd, Pt display stronger electronic dilution ability to adjacent Se atoms. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations further prove that the doping of Pd/Pt will induce the generation of the electron‐deficient Se sites, appearing a new and high binding energy state. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the deficient Se sites on the Pt‐ZnSe surface could reduce the level of anti‐bonding orbital filling, thus enhancing the stability of the Se‐Hads bond and strengthening the H2 adsorption. As a result, the Pt‐ZnSe based micro‐electromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensors exhibit high response value of 3.22 to 10 ppm H2 at low operation temperature of 145 °C. Inserting the Pt‐ZnSe MEMS sensors array into multifunctional wireless sensing device, it can realize real‐time H2/temperature/humidity monitoring and cloud data transmission for hydrogen agriculture on production, preserving and storing crop.
Off‐Photosensitizing Derived Immuno‐Photodynamic Therapy toward Postoperative Care
Authors: Li Jing , Pang E , An Jusung , Xiong Zhao , Kim Eunji , Lan Minhuan , Cao Qian‐Yong , Kim Jong Seung
Published: December 2024

Immuno‐photodynamic therapy (IPDT) has emerged as a promising cancer treatment strategy. However, conventional IPDT faces challenges related to post‐treatment safety, owing to the use of residual photosensitizers (PSs). In this study, on a novel H2O2‐responsive aggregation‐induced emission PS is reported, TBZPYBE, designed to selectively target cancer cells and enhance the therapeutic efficacy and postoperative safety of IPDT. Although TBZPYBE exhibits weak fluorescence, strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under light irradiation, demonstrating its high photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Following PDT, TBZPYBE underwent self‐quenching in the presence of H2O2, converting it to TBZPY, which exhibits strong fluorescence but reduced ROS generation. Simultaneously, quinone methide, a glutathione scavenger that amplifies PDT efficiency, is released. Furthermore, TBZPYBE activated the immune response by promoting dendritic cell maturation and polarizing M2 to M1 macrophages. The observed IPDT effects of TBZPYBE can be attributed to tumor selectivity, self‐quenching mechanisms, and the ability to trigger immune responses, offering a balanced cancer treatment approach with improved post‐treatment safety.
Advances in 4D Bioprinting: The Next Frontier in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Abolhassani Sareh , fattahi Roya , Safshekan Farzaneh , Saremi Jamileh , Hasanzadeh Elham
Published: December 2024

4D bioprinting is a critical advancement in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), enabling the creation of structures that dynamically respond to environmental stimuli over time. This review investigates various fabrication techniques and responsive materials that are central to these fields. It underscores the integration of multi‐material and biocomposite approaches in 4D bioprinting, which is crucial for fabricating complex and functional constructs with heterogeneous properties. Using 4D bioprinting techniques enhances the mimicry of natural tissue characteristics, offering tailored responses and improved integration with biological systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the synergy between 4D bioprinting and tissue engineering and demonstrates the technology's potential for developing tissues and organs. In regenerative medicine, 4D bioprinting's applications extend to creating smart implants and advanced drug delivery systems that adapt to the body's changes, promoting healing and tissue regeneration. Finally, the challenges and future directions of 4D bioprinting are also explored and emphasize its transformative impact on biomedical engineering and the future of healthcare.
Multifunctional Quasi‐Homogeneous Catalysts as a New Catalytic Strategy to Boost the Performance of Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Yu Yue , Yang Dongyue , Fan Yingqi , Chen Hao , Zhang Ning , Wang Zhi , Huang Gang , Zhang Xinbo
Published: December 2024

Li‐O2 batteries have been considered as a kind of prospective next‐generation batteries due to their ultrahigh energy densities. However, limited capacities, high charge overpotentials, and short lifetime are troubling obstacles for realizing their real‐world implementation. Common strategies, including introducing solid‐state catalysts (SSCs) and redox mediators (RMs), are insufficient to solve these issues. Herein, Ru‐loaded amino‐phenanthroline‐based carbonized polymer dots (RuApCPDs) integrating the catalytic activity of SSCs with the mobility of RMs have been designed to behave as quasi‐homogeneous catalysts in the electrolyte. Their mobile nature can ensure the avoidance of complete coverage of active sites, and the catalytic ability decreases the charge overpotential through co‐deposition with the discharge products. Additionally, the RuApCPDs can also adjust the Li+ solvation structure and well protect the Li metal anodes with high stability. As a result, the introduction of RuApCPDs leads to a fivefold increase in discharge capacity, a low charge voltage of 3.75 V, and a running life of 168 cycles (79 cycles without RuApCPDs). The multifunctional quasi‐homogeneous catalyst developed here demonstrates its advantageous potential as a new catalytic strategy for bringing Li‐O2 batteries to become a viable technology.
Structure‐Dependent Nonlinear Optical Effects in Spiral WS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Chen Junyuan , Bai Yang , Qi Minru , Zhang Wenxue , Qin Chengbing , Fan Xiaopeng , Xiao Liantuan
Published: December 2024

Spiral transition‐metal dichalcogenides with broken crystal inversion symmetry and significant second‐order nonlinear responses have shown great promise for further nonlinear optical applications. However, various spiral structures will be formed during their synthesis process, their second harmonic generation (SHG) varying with the layer thickness and which of them manifesting the most promising SHG response are still unresolved. Here, the layer‐dependent SHG response is investigated for four representative spiral WS2 with different screw and twist angles, including aligned‐ and twisted‐triangular spiral structures, aligned‐ and twisted‐hexagonal spiral structures, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that both aligned‐ and twisted‐hexagonal spiral WS2 present weak SHG response. In contrast, the SHG signal of the aligned‐triangular spiral WS2 almost quadratically increases with the lift of their thickness, which is two orders of magnitude stronger than hexagonal structures. Moreover, an oscillating layer‐dependence SHG response for twisted‐triangular spiral WS2 has been attributed to the restored inversion symmetry. The underlying mechanism has been explored by the evolution of their crystal symmetry. The results not only disclose that the nonlinear response of the spiral WS2 can be tailored on‐demand through the novel structural designs, but also pave the way to scalable integrated photonics and lab‐on‐a‐chip quantum devices based on spiral layered materials.
A Separator with Double Layers Individually Modified by LiAlO2 Solid Electrolyte and Conductive Carbon for High‐performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Song Jie , Xia Shuang , Wang Nan , Peng Jun , Peng Bohao , Wu Wenzhuo , Liu Lili , Yuan Xinhai , Fu Lijun , Chen Yuhui , Wu Yuping
Published: December 2024

The “shuttle effect” and the unchecked growth of lithium dendrites during operation in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries seriously impact their practical applications. Besides, the performances of Li–S batteries at high current densities and sulfur loadings hold the key to bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical applications. To address the above issues and facilitate the practical utilization of Li–S batteries, the commercial separator is modified with solid electrolyte (nanorod LiAlO2, LAO) and conductive carbon (Super P) to obtain a double coated separator (SPLAOMS). The SPLAOMS can physically barrier polysulfides and accelerate reaction kinetics. In addition, it enhances uniform lithium deposition, boosts ionic conductivity, and increases the utilization of active sulfur substances. The prepared Li–S batteries exhibit excellent cycling stability under harsh conditions (high sulfur loadings and high current densities) with an initial capacity of 733 mAh g−1 and a capacity attenuation of 0.03% per cycle at 5C in 500 cycle life. Under ultra‐high sulfur loading (8.2 mg cm−2), the prepared battery maintains a satisfactory capacity of 800 mAh g−1 during cycling, demonstrating enormous commercial application potential. This study serves as a pivotal reference for the commercialization of high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Flow‐IMPACT: A Pumpless, High‐Throughput 3D Cell Culture Platform for Investigation of Synergistic Angiogenic Effects
Authors: Park Seonghyuk , Kim Youngtaek , Lee Jungseub , Jung Sangmin , Hong Jongho , Kim Suryong , Lee Seung‐Ryeol , Song Jiyoung , Park Siwan , Oh Young Sun , Ko Jihoon , Jeon Noo Li
Published: December 2024

Flow‐IMPACT is a pioneering 3D dynamic cell culture chip array, meticulously designed as an injection‐molded plastic platform. This novel design achieves pumpless, physiologically relevant flow conditions with high throughput, effectively addressing the flow control limitations of traditional pumpless‐based systems. Incorporating serpentine channel structures engineered for hydraulic resistance and microfluidic hydrogel patterning, the platform allows precise regulation of interstitial flow velocity through adjustments in hydrogel concentrations and medium height levels. Hydrodynamic evaluations confirm that fluid flow velocities within Flow‐IMPACT closely replicate physiological in vivo conditions (0–2 µm s−1). The results indicate that interstitial flow within this physiological range enhances angiogenesis by increasing vessel length and branching. Furthermore, the flow applies fluid forces to endothelial cells, offering directional guidance to neovessels. The device demonstrates that the synergistic manipulation of flow and biochemical factors by stromal cells significantly influences angiogenesis. Flow‐IMPACT, as a pumpless dynamic cell culture system, supports high‐throughput experiments under controlled conditions and holds significant potential for applications across various organ and tissue microenvironments.
Impact of Peptide‐Based Supramolecular Gels on the Passivation and Optical Properties of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation in Water
Authors: Paul Subir , Das Adhikari Samrat , Pareja‐Rivera Carina , Masi Sofia , Julián‐López Beatriz , Martinez‐Pastor Juan P. , Escuder Beatriu , Mora‐Seró Iván
Published: December 2024

The instability of halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) upon exposure to water is a longstanding problem that has limited the full potential of these materials. Here, this issue is assessed from the point of view of supramolecular chemistry. This approach triggers the self‐assembly of low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) at the point of the synthesis of PNCs for their simultaneous incorporation into the supramolecular gel formed by those. Thus, a library of peptide‐based molecules is designed which can replace oleyl amine in the synthesis of CsPbBr3 PNCs via the Hot Injection procedure. In situ gelation is achieved during the synthesis process and the impact of self‐assembly on the water durability of the PNCs is studied. The photocatalytic activity of the most stable PNCs is established by measuring the ability of these materials to degrade Rhodamine B in water. In addition, the self‐assembled peptide network is efficient to prevent lead leaching in water substantially eliminating the lead contamination by the catalyst. Moreover, completely degraded perovskite material can self‐heal to a certain extent within the matrix to revert to its primitive perovskite phase. Altogether, these results open a new way for the use of LMWGs to improve the (re)usability of halide perovskite materials.
Ultrafast Laser Inkless Full‐Color Printing on Flexible and Thermolabile Substrates
Authors: Wang Zhewei , Xu Liye , Zhang Zhefeng , Du Kaikai , Yan Wei , Cui Weicheng , Qiu Min
Published: December 2024

Laser‐induced structural color technology holds great promise for the mass‐production of structural colors of wide color gamut, high stability, and low cost. However, its application to flexible and thermolabile substrates (such as plastics and paper) is currently hindered by the reliance on high‐temperature processes or metal substrates. Here, an ultrafast laser inkless printing technology is proposed to address this challenge. By optimizing the magnetron sputtering process with a pre‐sintered TiN target, the reflective TiN layer can be prepared at room temperature, on which coated an absorptive TiN layer to produce the TiN hybrid film. Under laser irradiation, this hybrid film is transformed into an “oxide‐absorptive‐reflective” tri‐layer film structure when the upper absorptive TiN layer is oxidized. In this case, the thicknesses of the oxide and absorptive layers can be adjusted by modifying the total accumulated laser fluence. This enables the tuning of the double‐absorption wavelength, thereby obtaining basic structural colors for printing. The high durability of the obtained structural colors is verified through various aging tests. Notably, this technology is successfully applied to flexible and thermolabile substrates, including plastics and cardboard paper, which may further promote the practical application of laser‐induced structural color technology.