bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Step Towards the Development of Socio-cognitive Agent
Authors: Asma Kanwal  , Wajahat Mahmood Qazi  , Muhammad Atif Altaf  , Atifa Athar  , Mahmood Hussain  , Syed Tanweer Shah Bukhari  , Abeo Timothy Apasiba
Published: February 2022

The embodiment of consciousness in socio-cognitive agents play a significant role in their acceptance as co-partners. Man-machine social interaction’s success is based on the agent’s generated believable behaviors. In this regard, such an agent needs to generate realistic beliefs, intentions, goals, self-regulation, verbal, and non-verbal communication (including gestures) according to the context of ongoing interaction is very important. This study hypothesizes that the implementation of the Theory of mind (TOM) may allow the agent to change its intentions, beliefs, and desires by predicting the existing perspective and mental states of the other agents involved in the given social interaction. To study the complexity of dynamics in a social context we have taken the case study of the ‘paper-scissor-rock’ game and developed a cognitive agent capable of using gestures for non-verbal communication following the Theory of mind. This work is in progress and is being developed on the iCub robot simulation. We have used tapped delay line neural networks as the basis for reinforcement learning and strategic planning. This paper will report the cognitive model, neural network initial results obtained.
Feature-Based Comparison of Language Transformation Tools
Authors: Muhammad Ilyas
Published: February 2022

Code transformation is the best option while switching from farmer to next technology. Our paper presents a comparative analysis of code transformation tools based on 18 different factors. These factors are Classes, pointers, Access Specifiers, Functions and Exceptions, etc. For this purpose, we have selected varyCode, Telerik, Multi-online converter, and InstantVB. Source Language considered for this purpose is C sharp (C#) and the target language is Visual Basics (VB). Results show that VaryCode is best among the four tools as its converted programs throw fewer errors and require minor changes while running the program.
Generalized Multi-manifold Graph Ensemble Embedding for Multi-View Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Sumet Mehta
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose a new dimension reduction (DR) algorithm called ensemble graph-based locality preserving projections (EGLPP); to overcome the neighborhood size k sensitivity in locally preserving projections (LPP). EGLPP constructs a homogeneous ensemble of adjacency graphs by varying neighborhood size k and finally uses the integrated embedded graph to optimize the low-dimensional projections. Furthermore, to appropriately handle the intrinsic geometrical structure of the multi-view data and overcome the dimensionality curse, we propose a generalized multi-manifold graph ensemble embedding framework (MLGEE). MLGEE aims to utilize multi-manifold graphs for the adjacency estimation with automatically weight each manifold to derive the integrated heterogeneous graph. Experimental results on various computer vision databases verify the effectiveness of proposed EGLPP and MLGEE over existing comparative DR methods.
A Concurrence Study on Interoperability Issues in IoT and Decision Making Based Model on Data and Services being used during Inter-Operability
Authors: Muhammad Raza Naqvi  , Muhammad Waseem Iqbal  , Syed Khuram Shahzad  , Iqra Tariq  , Marium Malik  , Faseeha Ehsan  , Natash Ali Mian  , Nadia Tabassum
Published: February 2022

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become an important topic among researchers owing to its potential to change the way we live and use smart devices. In recent years, many research work found in the world are interrelated and convey via the existing web structure which makes a worldwide system called IoT. This study focused on the significant improvement of answers for a wider scope of gadgets and the Internet of Things IoT stages in recent years. In any case, each arrangement gives its very own IoT framework, gadgets, APIs, and information configurations promoting interoperability issues. These issues are the outcome of numerous basic issues, difficulty to create IoT application uncovering cross-stage, and additionally cross-space, trouble in connecting non-interoperable IoT gadgets to various IoT stages, what's more, eventually averts the development of IoT innovation at an enormous scale. To authorize consistent data sharing between various IoT vendors, endeavors by a few academia, industrial, and institutional groups have accelerated to support IoT interoperability. This paper plays out a far-reaching study on the cutting-edge answers for encouraging interoperability between various IoT stages. Likewise, the key difficulties in this theme are introduced.
Usability Evaluation of Online Educational Applications in COVID-19
Authors: Muhammad Saeed Ahmad  , Muhammad Waseem Iqbal  , Maham Abid  , Nadia Tabassum  , Syed Khuram Shahzad  , Natash Ali Mian  , Muhammad Raza Naqvi
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 is a pandemic faced by almost every country in the world, this has resulted in health crisis. Due to COVID-19, all the countries around the world have decided to close all educational institutes to prevent this pandemic. Educational institutes have taken every possible measure to minimize the impact of the closure of schools and introduce the concept of an online education system which is not only a massive shock for parents but it also affects the children's learning process and social life. The educational applications (Apps) are very important, because they offer more opportunities for development and growth to society. In this pandemic situation, educational Apps like Zoom, HEC LMS, Google Classroom, and Skype, etc. are the need of the hour when everything goes online. In this paper, the usability features of online educational Apps are thoroughly discussed including the effectiveness and usability for students. Using the results obtained from the survey, this paper observes the student's perspective of usefulness of online educational Apps in student’s learning process of different age groups. It also analyzes the easiness for students to understand, interact and use these Apps.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 1989 - 2019
Authors: Nisa’ Elis Laili Khoirun , Juliprijanto Whinarko
Published: February 2022

This research aims to find out the relationship between GDP, Labor, Exports and Exchange Rates to foreign direct investment in Indonesia from 1986 to 2019. Using time series data, data analysis techniques use the Error Correction Model (ECM) model, which is then followed by Eviews 10. The results of the analysis showed that the long-term calculation of GDP variables was not significant but had a positive effect, exports had a significant effect, while labor and exchange rates had a negative and insignificant effect. Furthermore, the results of short-term analysis, GDP and Exchange Rate variables are insignificant and negative value, while for Export and Labor variables are insignificant and positive value.
Detection of water leakage of Thu Thiem tunnel using the infrared thermography method
Authors: Tuan Anh Nguyen
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the methods to detect the water seepages at Thu Thiem Tunnel including manual droplet counting method and infrared thermography method. It is found that the latter not only can spot all the seepages that has been detected using the former method but it also can identify new defects that the manual method cannnot reveal. The authors suggest that both methods to be used collectively in order to thoroughly identifly the water seepages in submerged tunnels.
The future of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology
Authors: Ng Nathan , Hussain Zain
Published: February 2022

Health systems across the world are facing a growing challenge of providing eye care for their populations. The prevalence of eye conditions which can lead to visual impairments in projected to increase, from 596 million people with distance vision impairment in 2020, to 895 million people in 2050 [1]. However over 90% of those affected have a treatable or preventable cause, and are primarily found in low and middle-income countries.
PENGARUH LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERORIENTASI KETERAMPILAN GENERIK SAINS DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA
Authors: Virtayanti Irma Ayu
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan lembar kerja siswa berorientasi keterampilan generik sains dalam pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap pemahaman konsep kesetimbangan kimia. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 4 Palangka Raya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment tipe pretest-postest control group design. Dua kelas XI IPA digunakan dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari satu kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan lembar kerja siswa berorientasi keterampilan generik sains dan satu kelas lain sebagai kelas kontrol yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning tanpa lembar kerja siswa berorientasi keterampilan generik sains. LKS berisi 4 kegiatan belajar yang memuat 6 (enam) keterampilan generik sains meliputi bahasa simbolik, pemodelan matematik, inferensi logika, konsistensi logika, hubungan sebab akibat dan membangun konsep. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini divalidasi oleh tiga orang validator ahli dan diujicobakan. Pembelajaran penemuan (discovery learning) berbantuan LKS berorientasi KGS dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa materi kesetimbangan kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemahaman konsep kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa kelas kontrol. Pemahaman konsep kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berbeda (nilai rata-rata sebesar 87,4 untuk kelas eksperimen dan sebesar 69,6 untuk kelas kontrol). Hasil Uji Independent Sample T-test yang diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,00 < 0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari penggunaan LKS berorientasi KGS terhadap pemahaman konsep kesetimbangan kimia siswa.
KESALAHAN KONSEP MAHASISWA KIMIA ANORGANIK FISIK TENTANG MATERI DAN PERUBAHANNYA
Authors: Rohmah Rosyidah Syafaatur
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan konsepmahasiswa Kimia Anorganik Fisik tentang materi dan perubahannya. Desainpenelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan 131 mahasiswayang sedang menempuh kuliah Kimia Anorganik Fisik di Jurusan Kimia-Universitas Negeri Malang Tahun Ajaran 2016-2017 sebagai sampelpenelitian. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes diagnostik denganrealiabilitas sebesar 0,835. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswaKimia Anorganik Fisik memiliki empat kesalahan konsep, antara lain: (1)perubahan warna merupakan ciri perubahan fisika; (2) semua gas adalahsenyawa; (3) gas lebih ringan daripada padatan; dan (4) karat lebih ringandaripada besi.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PKn DENGAN PEMBERIAN FLASH BACK PADA SISWA KELAS VIII c SMP NEGERI 1 SEKARAN KABUPATEN LAMONGAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian yang hendak diperoleh adalah: (a) Untuk mengungkap pengaruh pembelajaran dengan pemberian Flash Back terhadap hasil belajar PKn, (b) Untuk mengungkapkan pembelajaran dengan pemberian Flash Back terhadap motivasi belajar PKn. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan revisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VIII c SMP Negeri 1 Sekaran Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (71,42%), siklus II (80,95%), siklus III (90,47%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengajaran dengan pemberian Flash Back dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa Kelas VIII c SMP Negeri 1 Sekaran., serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative pembelajaran PKn.
FACT AND FICTION IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR
Authors: Ali Fauzi
Published: February 2022

Sastra merupakan produk masyarakat buah karya pengarang hasil olah penafsiran tentang kehidupan nyata. King Lear adalah drama produk masyarakat zaman Renaisance, maka tentu drama ini mencerminkan fakta dan cermin masyarakat pada zamannya. Shakespeare memproses nya melalui imajinasi dan perenungan sehingga unsur fiksi juga pasti ada. Dalam drama ini, fakta terlihat lewat seting, karakter dan peristiwa. Dari unsur seting, kisah ini terjadi di Inggris, di istana dan Pesisir Dover pada tahun 1602-1608 tepatnya zaman Renaisan yang atmosfernya penuh dengan konflik antara Inggris dan Spanyol. Unsur karakternya menampilkan tokoh utama yang historis dan legendaris serta tokoh cerita yang lazim ada pada dunia nyata. Peristiwa yang ada mencerminkan fenomena dan pola fikir masyarakat umumnya seperti pembagian warisan yang tidak adil, satu pria di perebutkan dua wanita, prubahan pola fikir, munculnya gaya hidup sekuler dan matrialis serta kepercayaan pada mitos klasik. Semua aspek tersebut sebetulnya fiksi karena King Lear merupakan karya sastra produk dari imajinasi. Jadi Drama ini tentu mengandung unsur fakta dan fiksi yang bias di analisa dari aspek logika dan imajinasi.
PENGARUH LATAR BELAKANG PENDIDIKAN ORANG TUA DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Sukiyanto  , Hidayati Zuhriyyah , Aliyah Niswatin
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, gaya belajar dan hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel 38 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi linear berganda dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kondisi latar belakang pendidikan orang tua berada pada kategori sedang, sebagian besar orang tua memilki dasar pendidikan yang memadai untuk bisa membimbing dan mengarahkan untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Sedangkan gaya belajar peserta didik mayoritas menggunakan gaya belajar auditory, siwa cenderung memanfaatkan indra pendengarannya untuk memahami apa yang dia pelajari misalnya dengan cara mendengar seperti ceramah, radio, berdialog, dan berdiskusi. Selain itu, bisa juga mendengarkan melalui nyanyian dan lagu; 2) latar belakang pendidikan orang tua memiliki t hitung sebesar 1,102 < 1,68 dengan signifikasi 0,278 > 0,05. Karena t hitung < t tabel dan sig. 0,278 > 0,05 secara parsial variabel latar belakang pendidikan orang tua tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B &C and its Association with Stroke in Local Population
Authors: Amjad Amsal , Altaf Benash , Amir Ali Farah , Beg Mirza Aroosa
Published: February 2022

Background: Pandemics of viral origin are spreading at alarming rate worldwide. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and Hepatitis C (HCV) are lethal threats to the human health. HCV remains a serious issue due to long-term consequences of the infection. HCV infection has a role in the development and progression of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke due to altered lipid metabolism. Association of hepatitis with stroke is still hypothesized due to conflicting results documented by various researchers. Aim of this study is to explore association of HBV and HCV with stroke as the prevalence of this issue in Faisalabad is 21% which is higher than other regions of Punjab Pakistan.

Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective study from July 2018 to September 2018 at a private hospital of Faisalabad. It comprised of 226 subjects. After taking ethical approval from the ethic research committee, data was retrieved from centrally database medical records. Data was transported to SPSS 21 for analysis. Frequency and percentages were obtained for categorical variables. Association between hepatitis and stroke was tested by Chi square and logistic regression to obtained odd ratio. P value?0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: Mean age of the studied population was 51.2 ± 27.03. 38.5% and 4% of the studied population had hepatitis C and B respectively. HCV was significantly associated with stroke (P=.005*)

Conclusion: HCV is more prevalent viral infection in local population and is the independent risk factor for stroke
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Screening is Still a Challenge in Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Anam , Shafiq Hamid , Jawed Shireen , Behram Fakiha
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a highly preventable disease with smoking as most recognizable risk factor globally. COPD remains undiagnosed worldwide due to unavailability of gold standard spirometry. Technical difficulties in this procedure, faced by patient result in over and under diagnosis of this prevalent disease. Objective of this study was to screen the undiagnosed air way obstruction which reflects the COPD among the smokers and nonsmokers. PEFR was used for assessment, as it is simple, reliable and easily available way at most of the health care centers.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to Dec 2018 at private medical institute and private hospital in Faisalabad. It comprised of 200 males (smokers and nonsmokers) who had no previous history of diagnosis of COPD. Relevant information related to smoking including pack years and medical history specially related to COPD was inquired on structured questionnaire. Air way obstruction was assessed by PEFR using vitalograph compact. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 version. Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) and compared by Independent t-test among study groups. Categorical variables are expressed as proportions and compared by X2 test. P value ? 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Results are showing that 91.56% of the studied smokers have air way obstruction based on yellow and red zones of PEFR. Out of total COPD smokers 62.7% were in yellow zone and 28.9% were in red zone. Only 29.1% of nonsmokers have PEFR values within yellow. None of nonsmoker was in red zone (P value 0.001*). PEFR was significantly lower in smokers in comparison to nonsmokers (P value 0.003*). 95.5% of Subjects in red zone were symptomatic, while only 51.2% of subjects in yellow zone were symptomatic considering mild to severe air flow obstruction.

Conclusion: Smokers and nonsmokers have undiagnosed airway obstruction with symptoms reflecting COPD but greater proportion of smoker were involved. PEFR was lower in smokers as compared to nonsmokers.
Screening of Blood Donors for Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Tertiary Care Hospital of Faisalabad
Authors: Jahan Sarwat , Mushtaq Saira , Amir Ali Farah
Published: February 2022

Background: Blood transfusion saves millions of lives worldwide each year and reduces morbidity but at the same time is a source for potentially life threatening transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). These TTIs are a threat to blood safety. Sensitive screening with advanced technologies reduces the risk of TTIs, but it still remains a major concern. Objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of various ABO blood groups and to screen the TTIs like Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among voluntary and replacement blood donors of Faisalabad.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad, from July 2018 to November 2018. After taking informed consent all replacement and voluntary blood donors were screened for HCV, HBV, HIV, syphilis and malaria.

Results: During 5 months of study period, total 1942 patients, of age ranged 18-40 years, were screened for TTIs. All blood donors were male; no female came to donate blood during this duration. Highest percentage of study population were blood group B (36.9%), followed by blood group O (28.1), A (22.2%), and AB (9.2%) respectively. Frequencies and percentages of Rhesus blood groups exhibited the predominance of positive rhesus groups in the study population. Out of total donors, 78 (4%) were infected with HCV, 30 (1.5%) with HBV, 10 (0.5%) with HIV, 19 (1 %) with syphilis and 3(0.20%) were seropositive for Malaria. Therefore, 140 (7.2 %) blood donors out of total were seropositive for various TTIs.

Conclusion: This study showed the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) among the blood donors. Highest percentage of blood donors suffered from HCV, followed by HBV, syphilis, HIV and malaria.
Comparison of Academic Performance among Boarders and Day-Scholars
Authors: Altaf Benash , Rehman Anam , Ali Farah Amir
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the academic performance of boarders and day scholars of a medical college.Methodology: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at a private medical college, in Faisalabad from January 2019 to September 2019. The study comprised of 214 students that included boarders and day scholars of first year and second year from medical college. Aggregate mean scores of student’s result were categorized into three level for comparison between day scholars and boarders; Level I ?50%, level II 50%-70%, level III ?70%.Results: Out of 214 students, 132 (62%) were day scholars and 82 (28%) were boarders. From total of 132 day scholar students, 38 (28.8%), 84 (63.6%) and 10 (7.6%) students overall aggregates were falling in <50%, 50%-70% and >70% categories, respectively. From total of 82 boarder students, 45 (54.9%), 34 (41.5%) and 3 (3.7%) students overall aggregates were falling in <50%, 50-70 and >70% categories, respectively.Conclusion: Home environment has positive impact on academic performance.
The Surgical Management of Haemorrhoids – A Historical Perspective
Authors: Patel Keval , Stefan Samuel , Naqvi Syed , S. Khan Jim
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYHaemorrhoids have affected people since ancient time. First documented treatment for haemorrhoids reported from the Egyptian papyrus. Indeed, Ebers’ papyrus dated at 1550 BC, described the use of topical astringents to ease haemorrhoidal pain. More recently, the Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy and office procedures such as rubber-band ligation have been developed to improve patients’ symptoms. However, these treatments have accompanying problems, for example the haemorrhoidectomy is known to be a profoundly painful operation and office procedures have high recurrence rates and are only suitable for minor haemorrhoids. The development of stapled haemorrhoidopexy and Transanal Haemorrhoidal Dearterialisation (THD) procedures, present the opportunity to treat all grades of haemorrhoids, with improved post-operative pain, whilst maintaining a low recurrence rate. This article places these more modern techniques in the context of the long history of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids and reviews the latest literature comparing operative haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy and THD. A systematic review was carried out to retrieve articles describing history of surgical management of haemorrhoids and studies comparing three modern treatments for haemorrhoids (Haemorrhoidectomy, Stapled haemorrhoidectomy, and THD) were reported.
Plasma Glycated Hemoglobin and Sleep Patterns in Local Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nasir Nabeel , Waseem Muhammad Rustam , Sikandar Mirza Zeeshan , Mumtaz Asim , Shah Syed Imran Ali
Published: February 2022

Objective: To ascertain glycemic control and sleep quality in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and compare them with age-matched non-diabetic control subjects.Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and sleep patterns in diabetic subjects were compared with non-diabetic control subjects. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethical review board of Central Park Medical College vide number CPMC/IRB/1728. After taking written informed consent, a total of fifty participants between the ages of 40-60 years were recruited by convenience sampling from the medical outpatient clinic at Central Park Teaching Hospital in 2018. Based on the fasting blood glucose levels, participants were categorized as Group I (diabetic subjects) and Group II (non-diabetic control subjects). Sleep quality was assessed using two validated scales, namely Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). HbA1c levels were evaluated using standardized blood assays. Independent samples t-test was employed to determine mean differences between the two groups. A p-value of ? 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Mean age of the study participants (n=50) was 49.28±2.34 years. The diabetic subjects had significantly higher HbA1c levels (10.15±2.50 vs. 6.26±1.04; p-value 0.001) and ISI scores (12.64±7.91 vs. 4.68±4.88; p-value 0.000) as compared to non-diabetic control subjects, indicating poorer glycemic control and greater degree of insomnia.Conclusion: Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus as reflected by higher HbA1c levels is associated with increased insomnia.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Survey: COVID-19 Pandemic and its Preventive Standard Operating Procedures in College Students
Authors: Ali Rabiya , Jawad Muhammad , Jawed Alishba , Afzal Muhammad , Zafar Azka r Maryam
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the undergraduate college students towards corona virus disease (COVID-19) and adoption of personal protective measures as per standard operating procedures (SOPs) stipulated by Federal government for reopening of educational institute.Methodology: This was cross sectional survey conducted at Hyderabad and Faisalabad based colleges form 25 September to 15 October 2020. Prior to the study, permission was taken from principal of concerned colleges (vide no.TSS/22/2021, Kotri Jamshoro) Structured proforma comprised of 28 questions concerning knowledge, attitude and practices toward the COVID-19 and implementation of SOPs in educational institutes was used. Questionnaire was formed on Google form and its link was shared among 200 college students of various disciplines through WhatsApp. Results from the response summary were compiled and analyzed.Results: Structured proforma was distributed among 200 undergraduate students of age range18-20 years, only 170 students’ submitted complete responses. Response rate was 85%. More than half (70.9%) of the subjects have good knowledge and positive attitude concerning COVID-19. Majority of the students (89.2%) were using masks, 88.6% were in habit of regular hand washing ,while 84.3 % of students preferred to use sanitizers, 91.6% practiced social distancing and avoided crowded places ,75.3% students avoided unnecessary travelling. 98-99% of students agreed that SOPs set by government was strictly followed in the colleges. Conclusion: Majority of the students were aware of the preventive measures for COVID outbreak. Students have positive attitude and are adequately practicing precautionary measures to avoid contracting COVID-19. SOPs are following in the colleges to alleviate the risk of spread of lethal Corona.
Perception of Health Sciences Students about Impact of Hidden Curriculum on Burnout and Empathy
Authors: Atta Komal , Ijaz Saadia
Published: February 2022

Objective: The main objectives of this study were to investigate how the implicit curricular aspects such as the hidden curriculum affect student empathy and burnout and we sought to describe the link between them.Methodology: This mixed methods study included validated measures of both empathy and burnout which were distributed in three institutes of three different cities in Pakistan followed by focus group interviews. The study cohort included students of health sciences. 2000 questionnaires were distributed of which complete data of 1100 (55%) were retrieved. The second part of the study included formation of two focus groups of 15 students each per campus for in-depth discussion of aspects relating to the hidden curriculum, burnout and empathy. Descriptive statistics, correlations and frequencies were analyzed by SPSS 22 and focus group discussions underwent thematic analysis after transcription.Results: Medical students followed by and physical therapy students experienced the greatest amount of burnout syndrome (p-value0.02 and p-value0.04, respectively) as compared to the other disciplines Final year students of each discipline reported higher rates of burnout as compared to all other years (p-value0.01).Medical students had lesser empathy as compared to other disciplines of health sciences. This finding showed statistical significance (F=4.66.p-value0.03). Furthermore, results shows females (5.56±0.72) had statistically significant higher empathy scores than male students (4.46±0.65) (p-value 0.04). The focus groups established that the hidden curriculum was a key player in student wellbeing and not just limited to subconscious attributes of the teacher but it also includes administrative issues, patient behavior, peer interaction, sociodemographic and national policy issues.Conclusion: Medical students experienced the greatest amount of burnout and subsequently reported lesser empathy reflecting the negative relation between them. Burnout and hidden curriculum are important factors in determining empathy in health care students. More positive role modeling, better understanding of the surrounding and a good distribution of work load will help the students handle burnout and act as positive factors of the hidden curriculum, hence increasing empathy.
Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Analysis in Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore
Authors: Alavi Dr.Nusrat , Khawaja Dr Aneela , Asif Dr. Maliha , Ejaz Dr Asma , Abeer Dr , Arshad Faiqa
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Chemiluminescence immunoassay for thyroid stimulating hormone analysis in human serum.  

Methodology: This cross-sectional study conducted from 17th March till 13th June. In Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore after approval from Institutional Review Board.  Random samples from both genders, between 18-70 years of age were included. Haemolysed, lipemic or icteric specimens were excluded. The sera were assayed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.

Results: A total of one hundred and ninety-eight serum samples were processed by ELISA and CLIA in all the samples, with more females as compared to males (1:1.3). ELISA technique identified 134 subjects as Euthyroid, 40 Hypothyroid and 24 Hyperthyroid, while 122 Euthyroid, 48 hypothyroid and 28 hyperthyroid subjects by CLIA. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels reference range was taken 0.4-4.5mU/L according to American Thyroid Association. Mean ± SD of TSH was 1.45 ± 0.79; 12.27 ± 11.03 and 0.23 ± 0.17 mU/L respectively by ELISA whereas CLIA indicated Mean ± SD to be 1.93 ± 0.936, 16.04 ± 14.68 and 0.393 ± 0.375 mU/L respectively for Euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid. Correlation of coefficient (R2 =0.89) was found significantly positive between both methods. There was a significant difference in hypothyroid and Euthyroid groups.

Conclusion: TSH assay by CLIA has shown a wider range of functionality, throughout and borderline cases were identified better as compared to ELISA. Turn-around-time (TAT) decreased, physician satisfaction increased and indirectly benefitting patient treatment and prognosis.
Komunikimi publik në periudhën e karantinimit në Shqipëri si komunikim në krizë
Authors: Sakja Arta
Published: February 2022

Ky punim trajton komunikimin dhe qasjet e liderëve politikë ndaj pandemisë përgjatë karantinimit të popullsisë për shkak të Covid-19 në Shqipëri në rrjetet sociale duke vëzhguar rrjetet sociale të Edi Rama, Kryeministër i Shqipërisë (PS), Lulzim Basha, kryetar i opozitës(PD.).Punimi përdor vëzhgimin e drejtpërdrejtë dhe analizat cilësore si metoda të punës. Në këtë punim argumentohet fakti së gjatë  periudhës së karantinës liderët e ndryshëm politikë në Shqipëri përdorën cilësitë e internetit dhe rrjeteve sociale (komunikimin horizontal, karakterin e përbotshëm, shumëfishimin e menjëhershëm të audiencës, mundësinë për ndërveprim të menjëhershëm, të shpejtë dhe jo të kushtueshëm) për të shpërndarë mesazhet e tyre si edhe për të përforcuar pozicionet e tyre si përfaqësues të mazhorancës apo opozitës.Ky komunikim ka tiparet e komunikimit në krizë dhe vë përballë jo thjesht dy liderë, por dy qasje te ndryshme sipas roleve të aktorëve politikë në përballimin e krizës shëndetësore.
A i shkruajti vërtet Shekspiri veprat e tij?
Authors: Kurti Bledar
Published: February 2022

Në dekadat e fundit ka pasur shumë teori mbi autorësinë e veprave të William Shakespeare. Dyshime janë hedhur mbi autorësinë e vërtetë të veprave si dhe mbi jetën e tij. Të gjitha teoritë që kundërshtojnë origjinalitetin e autorësisë së William Shakespeare nuk janë të shëndosha, as akademike dhe as në përputhje me faktet historike. Në këtë artikull unë paraqes argumentet pse ishte William Shakespeare ai që shkroi me të vërtetë veprat e tij dhe askush tjetër dhe se të gjitha teoritë e tjera janë vetëm spekulime dhe trillime. Ky artikullështë shkruar mbi një periudhë të gjatë studimi mbi veprat e Shekspirit, jetën dhe stilin e tij dhe në koherencë me autorët kryesorë për jetën dhe veprat e tij.
Krijimi i shteteve ballkanike dhe shqiptarët
Authors: Mehmeti Ndriçim
Published: February 2022

Gadishulli ballkanik, deri në fund të shek. XIX ishte nën zotërimin e Perandorisë Osmane. Rrudhja e Perandorisë Osmane, luftërat e saj me Rusinë dhe ndërhyrja e Fuqive të Mëdha, bëri që dalëngadalë, osmanët të humbasin terrenin në Ballkan. Veç këtyre faktorëve të jashtëm, nuk ka dyshim se edhe vetë lëvizjet e brendshme të popujve të Ballkanit përsh-pejtuan humbjen e autoritetit osman. Duke u nisur që në njëzet vitet e para të shek. XIX, Serbia Mali i Zi, Greqia, Bullgaria dhe Shqipëria filluan të shfaqin hapur platformat e tyre politike, kulturore për krijimin e shteteve autonome dhe pse jo të pavarura nga Perandoria Osmane. Shekulli XIX, krijoi një sërë kushtesh të favorshme për lëvizjen kombëtare ball- kanike: shthurja e marrëdhënieve feudale, lindja e një shtrese të re të borgjezisë, ndonëse paraqitej e dobët në pikëpamje ekonomike dhe politike, rënia e fuqisë së Perandorisë Os- mane si dhe ndërhyra gjithnjë e më e madhe e Fuqive evropiane drejt Ballkanit. Në qendër të tyre fillimisht ishte lëvizja për arsim dhe kulturë kombëtare që u frymëzua nga Rilindja e hershme evropiane. Kombet ballkanike kësisoj kërkuan të veçoheshin përfundimisht nga ndikimi osman dhe t’i japin vendin që duhej gjuhës dhe kulturës së tyre që rrezikonte të humbiste vlerat e saj përballë pushtimit turk. I gjithë ky aksion arsimor dhe kulturor kishte tipare të njëjta për të gjithë; serbët, shqiptarët, malazezët, grekët dhe bullgarët.
Idetë e Jashar Rexhepagiqit për demokratizimin e arsimit në Kosovë
Authors: Mandri Hajri
Published: February 2022

Jashar Rexhepagiq mbetet një ndër pedagogët e shquar të Kosovës me përkushtim gjysëmshekullor. Edhe tani kur veprimtaria virtuale e ka shndërruar shoqërinë kosovare në një shkollë të madhe të një shoqërie që mëson, idetë pedagogjike të Rexhepagiqit tingëllojnë aktuale. Rexhepagiq la pas një pasuri të vyer në fushën e pedagogjisë. Ai mbetet një edukator i madh idealist që projektoi veten në të ardhmen. Demokracia autentike, konkrete dhe praktike në arsim, nuk konsiderohen fjalë boshe, por ide, që janë të realizueshme, reale dhe ardhshmëri e bashkësive tona shoqërore. Arsimi i përhershëm së bashku me arsimin integrale demokratik do ta shndërrojë edukimin formal në shkollë moderne në të cilin të mësuarit bëhet proces komunikues ku dominon ideja e lirisë, pluralizmi, toleranca dhe individualiteti i nxënësve. Rexhepagiq e vlerëson demokratizimin e arsimit si një mjet të fuqishëm kundër burokratizmit dhe diskriminimit në arsim, si dhe kundër botëkuptimit mbi arsimin autoritar, ide që e bëjnë autorin të ketë vlera të mëdha ideore dhe shkencore në fushën e pedagogjisë, si testament pararendës për një filozofi moderne arsimore. Ne kemi nevojë ta studiojmë veprën e Tij, ku gjendet e mishëruar energjia, imagjinata, gjenialiteti.
Vështrim juridiko-penal I formave të veçanta të bashkëpunimit
Authors: Hyka Jonida
Published: February 2022

Qëllimi kryesor i këtij punimi do të jetë trajtimi i formave të veçanta të bashkëpunimit, dallimet e organizatës kriminale dhe grupit të strukturuar kriminal si dhe përkufizimin e organizatës terroriste sipas legjislacionit shqiptar. Krimi i organizuar është bërë problem shqetësues në shkallë ndërkombëtare dhe qëllimi kryesor është luftimi i tij, për të bërë gjithçka të mundur për ta parandaluar, pa dobësuar aspak luftën kundër tij. Edhe në Shqipëri ai qëndron në plan të parë të strategjisë së politikës shtetërore, për shkak të rrezikshmërisë së madhe shoqërore dhe të pasojave të rënda kriminale që sjell. Për luftimin e tij, shtete të ndryshëm, kanë hartuar ligje penale të posaçme, me sanksione të ashpra. Baza juridike e përpjekjeve të përbashkëta qëndron në Konventën e Kombeve të Bashkuara “Për krimin e organizuar ndërkombëtar“ në vitin 2000, e cila unifikoi konceptin e pikëpamjet për krimin e organizuar dhe synoi parandalimin dhe goditjen e kriminalitetit në përgjithësi dhe atij të organizuar në veçanti. Rezultatet tregojnë se janë me dhjetra rastet e arrestimit të pjesëtarëve të organizatave kriminale, ku shtetas shqiptarë e shtetas italian, në bashkëpunim kryejnë veprimtari të gjerë kriminale për trafikun e drogës apo të prostitucionit. Si përfundim, shteti shqiptar ka si detyrë luftën kundër krimit të organizuar, si një krim me rrezikshmëri të lartë shoqërore, për të realizuar një nga objektivat kryesore të tij, që është anëtarësimi në Bashkimin Europian. Integrimi është një proçes historik që ka përpara sfida të shumta e të mëdha që mbeten për t‘u kapërcyer.
Elemente të simbolikës së gjallesave në arkitekturën kristiane të Kishës së Shën Nikollës në Manastirin e Mesopotamit
Authors: Shumka Laura
Published: February 2022

Qëllimi i këtij artikulli është që të përshkruajë dhe analizojë përdorimin e simbolikës së gjallesave në arkitekturën kristiane të Kishës së Shën Nikollës në Manastirin e Mesopotamit, i cili përfaqëson një ndër monumentet më të spikaturura të kulturës shqiptare. Ky monument shquhet jo vetëm për karakteristikat e spikatura arkitektonike, por edhe për elementët e dekorimit që përfshijnë dyshemenë, kapitelet, skulpturat në muret e jashtme dhe simbolikat me shprehje të gjallesave shtazore dhe bimore. Simbolikat, në këtë kontekst shqiponja, si një simbol i lidershipit është aq e vjetër sa perënditë dhe dinastitë sunduese. Si një arketip ajo mund të përfaqësojë një hyjni të gjithë fuqishme, diellin (e njëjta gjë në shumë fe të lashta), fuqinë e papërpunuar, mbizotërimin, lirinë e lëvizjes, etj. Si shoqërues të shpeshtë të mundshëm paraqiten luani dhe gjarpri, ndërkohë që dragoi ndeshet në mjaft objekte. Potenciali i tyre është i qartë për këdo që ka një qasje imagjinate. Edhe në rastin e Kishës së Shën Nikollës në Mesopotam simbolet paraqiten si shprehje tejet e fuqishme e fasadës së monumetit.
Një vështrim i përgjithshëm mbi përdorimin e e-commerce në Shqipëri
Authors: Tosuni Besjana , Mbroci Paola
Published: February 2022

E-commerce (tregtia elektronike) është një ndryshim paradigmë që ndikon në të dy komponentë; tek tregtarët dhe konsumatorët. E-commerce është më shumë se një mënyrë tjetër për të rritur praktikat ekzistuese të biznesit. Ajo po çon në ndryshim të plotë të mënyrën tradicionale të të bërit biznes. Ky ndryshim i rëndësishëm në modelin e biznesit po dëshmon një rritje të jashtëzakonshme në mbarë globin dhe Shqipëria nuk është një përjashtim. Një depërtim masiv i internetit ka shtuar rritjen e tregtisë elektronike dhe më shumë, veçanërisht bizneset e reja kanë përdorur gjithnjë e më shumë këtë opsion si një model biznesi që diferencon. Hulumtimi i tanishëm është ndërmarrë për të përshkruar skenarin e e-Commerce, për të analizuar tendencat e e-Commerce në Shqipëri, problematikat dhe rekomandimet që japin specialistët në lidhje me të.
Projektimi i logjikës Fuzzy dhe rregullatorit PID në proceset industriale
Authors: Kola Jozef , Langa Serxho
Published: February 2022

Proceset industriale po ndërlikohen ditaditës, duke prezantuar modele të paqëndrueshme të rendit më të lartë. Rregullatori i derivatit integral proporcional (PID) është metoda e kontrollit më e përdorur në industri, për shkak të performancës së lartë dhe gamës së gjerë të kushteve të funksionimit dhe mwnyrat e thjeshta të rregullimit. Ky punim paraqet projektimin e rregullatorit PID duke përdorur teknikën Ziegler - Nichols (ZN), metoda për kontrollin e sistemit të rendit më të lartë. Për të njëjtin qëllim, do të përdoret edhe logjika Fuzzy (FLC) duke përdorur rregulla më të thjeshta. Rezultatet e simulimit demostrohen duke përdorur MATLAB. Analiza e performancës tregon efektivitetin e projektuar të logjikës Fuzzy, krahasuar me rregullatorin PID të akorduar me ZN.
Epidemiologjia e covid-19 në Shqipëri
Authors: Qorri Erda , Mataj Elida , Qorri Rezart , Cunoti Nertsa
Published: February 2022

Përmbledhje
Koronaviruset janë patogjenë të rëndësishëm në njerëz dhe kafshë. Në Dhjetor 2019, pneumonia me shkak të panjohur ndodhi në Wuhan, Provinca Hubei, Kinë. Më 7 janar 2020, një koronavirus i ri, i quajtur si sindromë e rëndë akute e frymëmarrjes coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), u identifikua në mostrën e shtupës së fytit të një pacienti. Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë (OBSH) njoftoi sëmundjen epidemike të shkaktuar nga SARS-CoV-2 si sëmundje koronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Aktualisht, COVID-19 është përhapur gjerësisht në botë, duke prekur më shumë se shtatëdhjetë vende. Kina, me një barrë të madhe të kësaj sëmundjeje, ka marrë masa të forta për të kontrolluar përhapjen dhe për të përmirësuar shkallën kurative të COVID-19.
Qëllimi: Vlerësimi i situatës epidemiologjike Sars Cov2 në Shqipëri.
Metodologjia: Investigim deskriptiv bazuar në raportimet ditore dhe mujore nga Ministria e Shëndetësisë dhe Mbrojtjes Sociale. Investigimi ka konsistuar në vlerësimin e niveleve të incidencës në nivel vëndi gjatë periudhës Mars-Shtator, nivelet e incidencës sipas rajoneve si dhe vlerësimin e nivelit të vdekshmërisë si pasojë e infektimeve me virusin COVID-19.
Rezultate dhe diskutime: Numër i ulët testimesh – mangësi në gjurmimin e rastit; Mos zbatim i protokolleve nga popullata pas heqjes së karantinës; R ritja e niveleve të inci dencës me heqjen e kufizimeve (Qershor/2020 e në vazhdim) Nivel i lartë i vdekshmërisë por më i ulët krahasuar me vëndet e rajonit.
Krimigracioni: drejt një forme të re diskriminimi?
Authors: Memoli Andrea
Published: February 2022

Punimi trajton temën e imigracionit nga pikëpamja e zbatimit të sanksioneve penale si një rezultat i shkeljes së rregullave që e qeverisin atë. Analiza fillon me demonstrimin e papërshtatshmërisë së sistemit të pritjes së migrantëve të përgatitur nga BashkimiEvropian (Rregullorja e Dublinit), me çështjet kritike që lidhen me efektivitetin e tij brenda sistemeve ligjore kombëtare dhe konfigurimin e një legjislacioni që nuk merr parasysh kapacitete të ndryshme organizative dhe ekonomike të shteteve. Më pas vijonme përcaktimin e fenomenit të krimit, duke u ndalur në përdorimin e masave shtrënguese, veçanërisht të ndalimit, duke vënë në pah përdorimin masiv dhe sistematik të tij. Teksti përqendrohet me kujdes në efektet negative të ndalimit, si dhe në kushtet e jetesës që u janë garantuar migrantëve gjatë periudhës së kufizimit, në një përpjekje për të përcaktuar shkeljen e të drejtave themelore të njeriut, duke nënvizuar mungesën e një dallimi të saktë midis migrantëve të paligjshëm dhe azilkërkuesve. Janë shqyrtuar edhe disa raste praktike për të sqaruar dhe ilustruar tezën e paraqitur. E gjithë kjo bëhet duke theksuarlëvizjet diskriminuese të politikës së dëbimit dhe represionit të adoptuar nga shtetet evropiane. Në përfundim, autori jep pikëpamjet personale për çështjet e trajtuara dhe një zgjidhje të mundshme të problemeve të hasura.
The right to asylum in Albania and policies against illegal migration
Authors: Roshi Artela
Published: February 2022

The right to asylum in Albania is part of the fundamental human rights and freedoms sanctioned in the Constitution of Albania and the domestic legislation. Starting from the dark communist period of human rights in Albania, until today, the right to asylum has evolved continuously. This article will focus on an analysis of the right to asylum in the international legal framework and particularly in Albania, taking it along its development and focusing on the current sanctioning in the legislation of this right. The paper will shed light on the development of the right to asylum in the Albanian legislation, by analysing the dimensions of this right from the international and domestic legislation. For more, the treatment of asylum seekers has become an increasingly frequent subject of treatment by the European Court of Human Rights, during the implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The analyses of the European Court of Human Rights will help to understand the international obligations / standards in the field of asylum in Albania. In conclusion, the article will highlight the approach of the right to asylum provided in the Albanian legislation in the framework of its approximation with the internationally recognized standards.
Monitoring the debate on the new pact on migration and asylum
Authors: Hein Christopher
Published: February 2022

The New Pact on Migration and Asylum presented by the European Commission on 23 September 2020 aimes at representing a new start with regard to the whole of issues related to the management of the challenges posed by migrants, refugees and asylum seekers arriving in the European Union. High expectations were raised that the reform would truly address the pressing questions that are high on the political agenda in many European countries. The New Pact has provoked a controversial debate. International organizations, European institutions, Member States, civil society organizations, academics have commented the complex package of policies and legislative proposals. One of the most conflictive issues regard the external dimension in the migration and asylum fields. Some observers, in particular Governments and the Council, deem that the cooperation with third countries of origin and of transit or first safe haven represents an essential aspect of solution, having regard to the “success” of the agreements with Turkey and Libya in terms of the reduction of arrivals from these countries. Others are most critical with respect to the “externalization” of responsibilities and of the control of external borders. Another conflictive issue is the reform of the “Dublin” system, addressed in the Pact as part of the Regulation on Migration and Asylum Management. The Mediterranean Member States oppose the continuing attribution of responsibility for asylum seekers to countries of first arrival and the insufficient solidarity mechanisms. Other Member States refuse any obligation of accepting asylum seekers relocated from other Member States. For the time being, no solution is in sight to overcome these divergencies.