bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotechnological Luxury and the Ageing Body: Neuralink and "Forever"
Authors: Brightwell Celia
Published: January 2025

This paper develops a critique of the Neuralink brain-computer interface as an intended general population device through a reading of the short story ‘Forever’ (2020) by xenofeminist theorist and author Amy Ireland. It explores the co-constitutive relationship between ageing and technology, in which technologies are shaped by ideas about ageing, and ideas about ageing are shaped by technologies, through the figure of the ‘grey cyborg.’ By pairing literary analysis with a science and technology studies (STS) perspective, it examines how the ageing body is shaped through culture and technology. It focuses on the speculation that Neuralink will eventually contribute to ‘unlocking human potential’ through the preservation and enhancement of the human brain. The ideological framework that underwrites Neuralink is contrasted with the portrayal of a de-ageing technology in ‘Forever.’ This story centres a conflict between a wealthy male gerontocrat who has been ‘de-aged,’ and grey-haired female anti-immortality operatives that sabotage the technological gerontocracy infrastructure. Through my reading of this text as xenofeminist theory-fiction, I interpret the sabotage as directed not towards the material technology but instead the systemic power disparities that it risks entrenching. I argue that the story’s network of ageing anti-immortality activists represents a feminist posthumanism capable of politicising the application of technologies such as Neuralink as a consumer device. By contextualising ‘Forever’ and Neuralink together, this paper challenges prevalent narratives about ageing and demonstrates how xenofeminist theory offers new possibilities for situating ageing with technology within broader critical understandings of bodies, technologies and their interfaces.
Experimental evidence for variation across exclusive modifiers
Authors: Ronai Eszter , Fagen Lucas
Published: January 2025

This paper is an investigation of variation across the English exclusive modifiers only, just, and merely—a domain that has received ample attention in the theoretical literature but has thus far not been subjected to experimental testing. Using scalar diversity as a testing ground, we report on two experiments: Experiment 1 tests the robustness of exclusionary inference calculation (e.g., merely intelligent → not brilliant), and Experiment 2 directly tests whether a rank-order (e.g., not brilliant) or complement-exclusion (e.g., not ambitious) reading is preferred with different exclusives. Our findings reveal that 1) just excludes less robustly than the other two exclusives, and 2) while only allows both complement-exclusion and rank-order readings, just has a weak and merely a strong preference for rank-order ones. These results bear on previous theoretical observations about exclusives, and they are also informative about the robust by-scale variation in inference calculation, i.e., scalar diversity. Lastly, we argue that the methodological success of our experiments opens up avenues for further examination of more precise predictions of competing theoretical accounts. 
“Good” Inflation, “Bad” Inflation: Implications for Risky Asset Prices
Authors: Bonelli Diego , Palazzo Berardino , Yamarthy Ram S.
Published: January 2025

Using inflation swap prices, we study how changes in expected inflation affect firm-level credit spreads and equity returns, and uncover evidence of a time-varying inflation sensitivity. In times of “good inflation,” when inflation news is perceived by investors to be more positively correlated with real economic growth, movements in expected inflation substantially reduce corporate credit spreads and raise equity valuations. Meanwhile in times of “bad inflation,” these effects are attenuated and the opposite can take place. These dynamics naturally arise in an equilibrium asset pricing model with a time-varying inflation-growth relationship and persistent macroeconomic expectations.
Predicting College Closures and Financial Distress
Authors: Kelchen Robert , Ritter Dubravka , Webber Douglas
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we assemble the most comprehensive dataset to date on the characteristics of colleges and universities, including dates of operation, institutional setting, student body, staff, and finance data from 2002 to 2023. We provide an extensive description of what is known and unknown about closed colleges compared with institutions that did not close. Using this data, we first develop a series of predictive models of financial distress, utilizing factors like operational revenue/expense patterns, sources of revenue, metrics of liquidity and leverage, enrollment/staff patterns, and prior signs of significant financial strain. We benchmark these models against existing federal government screening mechanisms such as financial responsibility scores and heightened cash monitoring. We document a high degree of missing data among colleges that eventually close and show that this is a key impediment to identifying at risk institutions. We then show that modern machine learning techniques, combined with richer data, are far more effective at predicting college closures than linear probability models, and considerably more effective than existing accountability metrics. Our preferred model, which combines an off-the-shelf machine learning algorithm with the richest set of explanatory variables, can significantly improve predictive accuracy even for institutions with complete data, but is particularly helpful for predicting instances of financial distress for institutions with spotty data. Finally, we conduct simulations using our estimates to contemplate likely increases in future closures, showing that enrollment challenges resulting from an impending demographic cliff are likely to significantly increase annual college closures for reasonable scenarios.
Optimization of Electrospinning Temperature Control System IoT-Based with DHT21
Authors: Widayani Della Astri , Hikamiah Luluk Arifatul , Nugroho Panji Setyo , Ariyanto Dewa Pascal , Amaratirta Jasmine Cupid , Harjunowibowo Dewanto , Rezeki Yulianto Agung
Published: January 2025

Electrospinning is a method of making nanomaterials that has a fairly easy and flexible process that can produce nanofiber continuously. Nanofiber morphology from the electrospinning process is influenced by several parameters, one of them is temperature as an environmental parameter. If there is no temperature control system in the electrospinning system, it will be difficult to maintain the consistency of the morphology nanofiber and at certain temperatures, nanofibers are not formed. Therefore, this study aims to develop a temperature control system for electrospinning called the Electrospinning Temperature Control (ETC) System and connect it with an internet-of- things (IoT) platform to understand the dynamics of the temperature control process, upload temperature data to the cloud, and remote monitoring. The method used by designing and building system hardware and software, calibrating DHT21 as a temperature sensor and testing system performance. The results show that the calibration of the DHT21 sensor has an accuracy rate of 94.95% and a precision rate of 98.93%, while the results of the performance test show that the system can raise, maintain, and lower the temperature. Further performance testing reveals that the ETC system can operate within a temperature range of 20−40°C. The IoT system using the Blynk App allows users to remote and monitor easily, and using Google Sheets as a cloud database. The ETC system was successfully built and can be applied to electrospinning experiments.
Smart Bracelet for Tracking the Location of Dementia Patients
Authors: Dewi Ervin Masita , Nurmajid Ikhsan Malik , Putro Trisno Yuwono , Kirana Nurista Wahyu , Saefudin Didin
Published: January 2025

The rising number of dementia patients worldwide is a significant concern. Dementia, marked by deteriorating memory, language, problem-solving abilities, and other cognitive skills, affects millions globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 55 million people currently live with dementia. Dementia's impact on patients, their families, and healthcare systems is substantial. Patients often need continuous supervision and care, posing challenges for caregivers. Wandering is a frequent issue among dementia patients, leading to safety risks and a high chance of getting lost. Innovative technological solutions, such as portable monitoring devices, are crucial in tackling these issues. A smart bracelet with Global Positioning System (GPS) can be vital for ensuring dementia patients' safety. These devices provide real-time location tracking, giving caregivers and family members peace of mind by enabling them to quickly locate patients who wander off. This makes the bracelet highly effective for monitoring dementia patients' locations, as it will send notifications to a messenger application on a smartphone with a link to the patient's location if they move beyond a 20-meter radius from home. The bracelet uses GPS for distance and location tracking. The patient's location is pinpointed by the intersection of latitude and longitude coordinates. The device has a minimal margin of error, with a latitude error of 0.003% and a longitude error of 0.008%.
TOPONYMIC DECOLONIZING IN CITY OF KYIV: A SPATIAL WAYFINDING APPROACH
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, NAHORNYI Tymofii
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In the article, we analyze the process of decolonization of toponyms of the city of Kyiv, which arose in the 19th and 20th centuries as a consequence of the imperial policy of Russia in its various historical guises.

Methods. The research consists the formalization of the active process of toponyms decolonization in City of Kyiv. In the course of this work, the retrospective of the formation and transformations of toponyms was analyzed, a comparative description of derussification and the past processes of desovietization and decommunization was given. On the basis of theoretical works, the current legal framework and practical manuals, the connections between the use of toponyms and spatial wayfinding are revealed.

Results. The common and distinctive features of the various stages of decolonization of toponyms are revealed – desovietization in the 1990s-2000s, decommunization in 2015–2022, and derussification since 2022. The current toponymic field of City of Kyiv is characterized, divided into administrative and vernacular toponyms. The interconnectedness of the toponymic field and the transport system is emphasized, and a new class of toponyms based on denotation – directoponyms – is proposed. The current and potential problems of spatial wayfinding in the urbanized environment, related to the peculiarities of the toponymic field of City of Kyiv, are highlighted. The principles of optimal naming of urban objects with an emphasis on the spatial wayfinding aspect have been developed to avoid collective topographical disorientation. The main groups of urban names that are subject to renaming have been determined, as well as those that are subject to reconsideration. An assessment of the official process of derussification of objects under the city subordination is given. Based on the principles of optimal naming, new toponyms were proposed and the results of voting by Kyiv residents and the adoption of relevant decisions by the Kyiv City Council were analyzed.

Conclusion. The current state of the toponymic field of Kyiv is subjected to a critical analysis, including on the basis of current legal acts of Ukraine and its capital in this sphere. Given the special geopolitical position of Kyiv as the capital of a united and indivisible Ukraine, within the framework of the decolonization phase, namely derussification, which is relevant in 2022, the developed principles of optimal naming of urban objects should become the basis for making administrative and political decisions in this sphere. As of November 2022, the Kyiv City Council has adopted decisions on renaming 149 city objects, of which 30 (20 %) received names proposed by the author based on the principles of optimal naming.
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (DEPRESSION, OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY) AND THE ROLE OF FTO GENE POLYMORPHISM IN THEIR COMORBIDITY AMONG 25–34 YEAR-OLD INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Gafarov Valery V. , Gromova Elena A. , Denisova Diana V. , Sukhanov Andrey V. , Maksimov Vladimir N. , Gagulin Igor V. , Likhenko-Logvinenko Kristina V. , Gafarova Almira V.
Published: January 2025

Highlights

Obesity and depression are a growing global public health problem affecting people of all ages and socioeconomic status. They are independently among the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In terms of biological mechanisms, genetic risk factors have been proposed as a potential factor associated with the comorbidity of depression and obesity. Significant correlations were found between the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene and both depression and overweight/obesity compared to non-depressed and normal weight A/T+T/T genotypes in young individuals. Our findings will provide a useful starting point for understanding the biological mechanism involved in the association between obesity and depression in the population.

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the relationship between the rs9939609 T>A genotypes of the FTO gene, depression and overweight/obesity as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among young people aged 25–34 residing in Novosibirsk.

Methods. The population-based study included Novosibirsk residents aged 25–34, the study was conducted in 2013–2016 within the framework of the research topic FWNR-2024-0002. 975 people (43.7% men, Caucasians) were screened, the response rate was 71%. Demographic and social data and anthropometry were collected. All study participants took the “MONICA-MOPSY” psychosocial questionnaire. Genotyping of the FTO gene polymorphism was carried out at the Research Institute of Therapeutic Microbiology and Microbiology, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk.

Results. The distribution of the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene was higher in both the overweight (36.8%) and obese (45.6%) groups compared to the normal BMI group (17.5%). The distribution of the T/T genotypes was higher in the normal BMI group (51.6%) compared to the overweight (32%) and obese (16.4%) groups. The average BMI (body mass index) values were higher among carriers of the A/A genotype (30.4 ± 7.4 kg/m2) compared to carriers of the A/T (26.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2) and T/T (25.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2) genotypes (p < 0.001). The average depression scores were higher among carriers of the A/A genotype 4.4 ± 2.6, compared to carriers of the A/T genotype 3.1 ± 2.2 and T/T 2.9 ± 2.0 (p < 0.001). Carriage of the A/A genotype of the FTO gene was a predictor of both depression (OR = 3.267; 95% CI 1.770–6.030; p < 0.001) and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.208; 95% CI 1.228–9.777; p < 0.001) compared to carriers of the A/T+T/T genotypes without depression and with normal body weight.

Conclusion. The results established the role of the A/A rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene in the comorbidity of depression and obesity.
Investigating the Prospects of ChatGPT in Training Medicinal Chemists and the Development of Novel Drugs
Authors: Almeida Michell O. , Soares Artur C. G. , Sousa Gustavo H. M. , Ferraz Witor R. , Trossini Gustavo H. G.
Published: January 2025

This scientific article delves into the advantages, insights, and limitations of ChatGPT in various scientific domains. Alongside other large language models, this tool exhibits the potential to directly or indirectly assist in a range of scientific areas including Computer Science, Chemistry, Biology/Bioinformatics, and Medicine. Some of the functionalities of ChatGPT include text translation, code improvement, data visualization, and database cleaning. The model can aid in writing and translating scientific articles from mostly any language. In the field of chemoinformatics and computational chemistry, ChatGPT can provide code examples and assist in code development, by evaluating and enhancing code readability and project documentation. Furthermore, it can assist in the database cleaning process and create customized functions for performing specialized tasks. However, ChatGPT does possess some limitations, such as frequent occurrences of artificial hallucinations (a response generated by AI that comprises erroneous or misleading information presented as true), the inability to process multimodal information, and the potential for biases in its training datasets. Therefore, caution must be exercised when incorporating these technologies, considering their social impact and implications for the job market. Acknowledging limitations is crucial when using these tools. With careful and proper use, they can aid the scientific process with the potential to speed up drug discovery.
A100: Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Knee Rehabilitation
After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Ziang , Wu Xue , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effect of blood flow
restriction training on knee rehabilitation of patients with anterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction and compare the effect of blood flow
restriction training and traditional resistance rehabilitation training on
knee rehabilitation of patients with anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction.

Method: The databases of EBSCO, Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane
Library and Web of Science were searched, and the randomized controlled
trials of knee rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction were collected. The search time was from the establishment of
the database to June 31st, 2023. After two researchers independently
screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the bias risk
included in the study, they used Stata version 14.0 software for
meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 8 studies were included, including 203
patients. Meta-analysis showed that blood flow restriction training was
superior to traditional resistance rehabilitation training group in
improving knee muscle strength [SMD=0.76, 95% CI: (0.42, 1.09), P <
0.001], muscle mass around knee joint [SMD=0.71, 95% CI: (0.36, 1.06), P
< 0.001] and knee joint function [SMD=4.22, 95% CI: (2.18, 6.26), P <
0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that the rehabilitation effect of muscle
mass around knee joint [SMD=0.53, 95% CI: (0.06, 1), P=0.03] was more
effective than that of traditional resistance rehabilitation training group
when training times were ≥ 3 times per week.

Conclusion: Blood flow restriction training can improve knee
muscle strength, muscle mass around knee joint and knee joint function more
effectively than traditional resistance rehabilitation training after
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It is suggested that training
three times a week or more during rehabilitation can better improve knee
joint muscle mass. At the same time, pretreatment of long-term blood flow
restriction training for 4–8 weeks before operation is more beneficial to
the rehabilitation of knee joint after operation.
A107: The Influence of Autonomy Support on Motor Skill Learning
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Ai Lixin , Wang Yifei
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: Learning motor skills has always been a
central issue in the field of physical education. Optimization theory
suggests that providing autonomy support can enhance motor learning effects.
However, there is no consistent conclusion regarding whether different types
of autonomy support have the same effect. This study aimed to investigate
the influence of enhanced autonomy support on dart throwing skill
acquisition and self-efficacy, as well as examine potential differences
between task-relevant and task-irrelevant autonomy support.

Method: A two-factor mixed experimental design was employed,
the within-group independent variable was the testing time (pre-test and
post-test), the between-group independent variable was the type of autonomy
support (task-relevant choice and task-irrelevant choice). The dependent
variables in this study were the participants' performance on the
dart-throwing task and their level of self-efficacy. Forty-eight university
students (30 males, 18 females, Mage
= 22.16 years, SD = 3.28) were recruited for the
experiment. Participants were required to complete a pre-test of dart
throwing tasks, engage in 6 practice sessions, and undergo a post-test two
days later. Self-efficacy was assessed throughout the practice phase and
before the post-test. The task-relevant choice group could choose whether to
watch a dart throwing instructional video during the practice phase, while
the task-irrelevant choice group could change the color of the dart flights.
The control group had no choices available.

Results: For dart learning performance, autonomy support showed
a significant main effect F(2, 41) = 3.623, p = .036 < .05, η p 2 = 0.150. The task-irrelevant choice group (6.39 ± 0.96)
performed better than the task-relevant choice group (6.21 ± 0.82), with
both outperforming the control group (5.51 ± 0.88). Regarding self-efficacy
scores, the main effect of autonomy support was not significant (F (2, 41) = 1.471, p = .242 > .05, η
p 2 = 0.067). There was little difference in self-efficacy scores
among the three groups.

Conclusion/Discussion: Consistent with the literature, this
study suggested that providing autonomy support benefits learners in
improving performance in dart throwing tasks. Task-irrelevant choices can
lead to greater performance gains compared to task-relevant choices. This
finding has practical implications for motor skill learning; physical
education teachers can scientifically arrange teaching strategies to
maximize the efficiency of physical education instruction.
A011: Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Microbiota
Authors: Liu Yuqian , Yang Wenqian , Wang Haitao
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: Gut flora plays an important role in host
stress response, anxiety, depression and cognitive function through the
gut-brain axis. Microbial diversity decreases with age, which in turn
affects the function of the nervous system. The role of exercise in the
prevention and treatment of age-related diseases and neurodegenerative
diseases has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to
elucidate the regulatory role of intestinal flora, gut-brain axis and
nervous system function in the prevention of nervous system function decline
in the elderly.

Methods: The sample consisted of 16, 52-week-old SPF C57BL/6
male mice that were randomly divided into two groups: a old control group
(OC) and an old treadmill exercise group (OE). The mice underwent 16 W
moderate intensity incremental load exercise. ELISA was used to detect
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Dopamine (DA)
in the hippocampus. Serum and hippocampal glutamate and serum Acetylcholine
(ACH) were determined by ultraviolet colorimetry. The expression of
insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) in hippocampus and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) were
measured by Western blot. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed by 16S
rDNA sequencing.

Results: (1) 5-HT and Glu in the hippocampus (P < 0.01), and
DA and GABA in the hippocampus were significantly increased (P < 0.05)
after aerobic exercise. Serum Glu and serum Ach in aerobic exercise group
were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of BDNF, VEGF and
IGF1 in the hippocampus of naturally aged mice were significantly increased
after aerobic exercise (P < 0.01). (3) The results of
Alpha diversity analysis showed that Shannon index, Simpson index and Chao1
in OE group were significantly increased compared with those in OC group (P < 0.01). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes
and Parasicutes were significantly increased, while the relative abundances
of Proteobacteria in naturally aged mice were significantly decreased (P
< 0.01) after aerobic exercise.

Conclusions: The composition of intestinal flora and the
expression of central neurotransmitters in elderly mice were significantly
improved after 16 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with
incremental load. The expression of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
(AHN)-related proteins in hippocampus: VEGF, IGF1 and BDNF were
significantly improved, and neurogenesis was promoted. Intestinal microbiota
- gut - brain axis plays an important role in the improvement of hippocampal
neurogenesis in elderly mice.
A113: The Impact of Motivational Climate on Class Engagement
Authors: Zhong Chunli , Shen Bo
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: An accomplishment within physical education
classes involves actively involving students. Research underscores the
importance of nurturing situational interest and self-efficacy to foster
this engagement. Both self-determination theory and achievement goal theory
propose that teachers can cultivate a supportive classroom environment,
thereby boosting students' interest and confidence in their capabilities.
Nevertheless, the transformable mechanism from motivational climate to
actual class engagement needs further investigation. The purpose of this
study was to examine the extent to which motivational climate variables
(e.g., autonomy supportive climate, task-involving climate, and socially
supportive climate) impacted student engagement via the mediative roles of
situational interest and self-efficacy.

Method: We employed a convenience sampling approach among 802
middle school students from 18 classes across three different levels of
middle schools in Wuhan (52% male, average age 13, with 34.5%, 31.8%, and
33.7% in grades 7, 8, and 9, respectively). Validated surveys were
administered in physical education classes for the purpose of the study.
Path analyses and bootstrap methods were conducted.

Results: All variables exhibited a normal distribution, with
correlations ranging from 0.33 to 0.84. There was no apparent collinearity
among study variables. Model fit indices indicated that the data fit the
model well (RMSEA < 0.005, CFI and TLI > 0.95). The paths from
task-involving climate and autonomy supportive climate to situational
interest (β = 0.45, p < 0.01; β = 0.24, p < 0.01), as well as from
task-involving climate to self-efficacy (β = 0.30, p < 0.01), were
significant. Paths from situational interest and self-efficacy to student
engagement were also significant (β = 0.51, p < 0.01; β = 0.36, p <
0.01). None of the direct paths from the three types of motivational
climates to engagement were significant. Bootstrap analysis indicated
significant mediating effects of situational interest on the relationships
between task-involving climate, autonomy supportive climate, and class
engagement. Self-efficacy also showed significant mediating effects on the
relationship between task-involving climate and the engagement.

Conclusion/Discussion: In crafting and executing PE programs,
educators ought to adopt a "student-centered" methodology, prioritizing the
establishment of nurturing teaching environments that inspire student
dedication and offer suitable assistance and direction. This approach will
promote students' feelings of competence and enthusiasm, ultimately
fostering their motivation as well as their physical and mental
engagement.
A126: High-Intensity Interval Training and Medium-Intensity Continuous
May Affect Cognitive Function Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Peng Mei , Liu Wenfeng , Zou Ruihan , Tang Yingzhe , Meng Xiangyuan , Wu Weijia
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The gut-brain axis is the communication mechanism between
the gut and the central nervous system, and the intestinal flora and
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) play a crucial role in this mechanism. Exercise
regulates the gut microbiota composition and metabolite (i.e., LPS)
production. We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity
continuous training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive
function in C57BL/6J mice through gut-brain axis regulation of gut
microbiota composition and LPS displacement.

Method: C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned into a quiet group (WTC), a
high-intensity interval training group (WTH) and a moderate-intensity
continuous training group (WTE). After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,
the cognitive function of the brain and the mRNA levels of related
inflammatory factors were detected, and RNA sequencing, Golgi staining,
intestinal microbial 16s rDNA sequencing and ELISA Assay were performed. All
information was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and GraphPad Prism 9.0.
Mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) was used to represent MWM findings.
Standard deviation ± mean (mean ± SD) is used to express other data. With P
< 0.05 denoting statistical significance, post hoc multiple comparisons
were performed using the least significant difference method and one-way
ANOVA tests.

Results: The results showed that MICT increased ZO-1 mRNA and Syn mRNA
expression (p < 0.05), and increased dendritic spine density in the brain
of mice (p < 0.05). However, HIIT increased the LPS content (p <
0.05), the expression of inflammation-related genes (CD86 mRNA, TLR4 mRNA
and HK2 mRNA, etc, p < 0.05), and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes
at the phylum level and decreased the density of dendritic spines in the
blood and brain of C57BL/6J mice (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, HIIT and MICT affect brain cognitive function by
regulating the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolite LPS through
the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis, and HIIT was suspected to have certain
risks: It can induce "intestinal leakage" by regulating intestinal
permeability related microbiota, resulting in excessive LPS into the blood
and brain, and activate M1 microglia in the brain, leading to reduced
dendritic spine density and affecting cognitive function.
A133: A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Resistance Training on Phase Angle
in Middle-Age & Older Individuals
Authors: Liu Siqi , Zhang Jisheng , Jiang Fanglin
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The phase angle is commonly utilized to evaluate the
nutritional and health status of middle-aged and older individuals, with
higher values indicating better cell quantity and function. Resistance
exercise is an efficient method to delay the aging process and decrease the
likelihood of falls and mortality. The aims of this study were to 1.) to
comprehensively determine the impact of resistance training (RT) on phase
angle (PhA) in middle-aged and older individuals through a meta-analysis,
2.) to explore the effects of RT on PhA in healthy and unhealthy groups,
including subgroups of middle-aged and older individuals, and to 3.)
identify the optimal RT protocol (dose–response relationship) to enhance PhA
in this population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of five databases using predefined
criteria. Quality assessment followed the Cochrane Handbook 5.1, and Revman
5.3 facilitated effect size aggregation, bias assessment, sensitivity
analysis, and subgroup analysis.

Results: RT improved PhA in middle-aged and older individuals (d = 0.34, 95%
CI: 0.27–0.40, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated PhA benefits in
unhealthy (d = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.41, P < 0.05) and healthy groups (d =
0.35, 95% CI: 0.28–0.43, P < 0.05). Suspension (d = 0.62),
free-weights/machine (d = 0.36), equipment training (d = 0.24), and
moderate-intensity RT (d = 0.34) improved PhA. PhA improved with RT
performed twice (d = 0.20) or three times (d = 0.38) weekly. Significant
improvements occurred after 8 weeks (d = 0.37), 12 weeks (d = 0.35), and ≥24
weeks (d = 0.26) of RT. Low/high-intensity RT, elastic bands, and weekly
exercises did not significantly improve PhA.

Conclusion/Discussion: RT can enhance PhA in both healthy and unhealthy
middle-aged and older individuals. Optimal results are achieved with 2–3
times per week, moderate-intensity RT, lasting ≥ 8 weeks. Given the limited
number of comparisons for some subgroups, the conclusions deduced from the
subgroup results should be taken as preliminary. Future studies should be
designed on the exercise program to compensate for the limitations of the
existing studies. At the same time, the study population should be expanded,
and additional studies should be conducted on diseased populations other
than patients with obesity and diabetes. In addition, the difference in the
effect of RT combined with other exercises versus RT only on PhA and the
mechanism of its effect are unclear, and more experimental studies on the
level of RT effect combined with other exercises on PhA are recommended.
A139: The Difference of Strength, Proprioception, Sensation Between with
and without Sensory Deficit Elderly
Authors: Liu Ziyin , Song Qipeng , Wang Qi
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: Sensory deficits can increase the risk of falls in
older adults. At present, the difference of muscle strength, proprioception,
tactile sensation between with and without sensory deficits elderly is still
unclear. This study aimed to explore the difference of these three factors
between the two groups.

METHODS: Forty-five older adults (female=22, age=68.31±3.25
years, height=162.71±6.78 cm, body mass=64.32±10.00 kg) with (unable to
detect a 5.07 Semmes–Weinstein monofilament on plantar positions) and
forty nine older adults without (female=26, age=70.02±4.90 years,
height=163.76±7.60 cm, body mass=65.83±10.31 kg) sensory deficits were
recruited. No significant differences were observed between the two groups
in age, height, and weight using independent-samples t-tests. Muscle
strength, proprioception thresholds, and plantar tactile sensations were
tests by a IsoMed 2000 strength testing system at an angular velocity of
60˚/s, proprioception test devices, and Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments,
respectively. Shapiro–Wilk tests showed the data were normally
distributed. Group differences were tested by independent-samples
t-tests.

RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were detected in
proprioception, and tactile sensation, while not in strength: Proprioceptive
of ankle plantarflexion (Sensory deficits: 5.06±4.25, Control: 2.99±2.62,
η2=0.075, p=0.006) and dorsiflexion (Sensory deficits:
4.36±3.51, Control: 2.57±2.08, η2=0.106, p=0.001). Tactile
sensation at the Great toe (Sensory deficits: 4.55±0.79, Control: 4.14±0.38,
η2=0.133, p<0.001), 1st metatarsals (Sensory deficits:
4.58±0.78, Control: 4.10±0.38, η2=0.115, p<0.001), 5th
metatarsals (Sensory deficits: 4.63±0.64, Control: 4.18±0.35,
η2=0.226, p<0.001), Arch (Sensory deficits: 4.79±0.75,
Control: 4.24±0.33, η2=0.242, p<0.001), Heel (Sensory
deficits: 5.11±0.82, Control: 4.35±0.29, η2=0.310, p<0.001).
Muscle strength of ankle plantarflexion (Sensory deficits: 0.35±0.19,
Control: 0.38±0.14, d=0.180, p=0.356) and ankle dorsiflexion (Sensory
deficits: 0.21±0.07, Control: 0.22±0.06, d=0.093, p=0.640).

DISCUSSION: Proprioception and tactile sensitivity are
important components of the somatosensory system, and both work in synergy
and are interconnected through interneurons and alpha neurons. The
connection of proprioception and tactile sensation may line in the sharing
receptors (e.g., the rapidly adapting fiber receptors from Pacinian
corpuscles), which are typical tactile receptors, make an essential
contribution to proprioception.

CONCLUSION: Older adults with sensory deficits have poorer
proprioception and deficit postural stability than those without sensory
deficits.
A014: Research on Physical Education Teaching Mode in the Context of
Education Digitalization
Authors: Tian Xiaoliang
Published: January 2025

Background: The 2022 National Education Work Conference clearly stated that
the implementation of the strategic action of education digitalization is
not only a high degree of integration of modern education and the digital
information age, but also an important strategy to accelerate the digital
transformation of education during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. To
implement the power of sports, culture and education, physical education
teaching in colleges and universities should actively explore innovative
development paths for physical education.

Research methods: In this paper, "education digitalization and physical
education" were the key words. Starting from 2022, when the concept of
education digitalization was proposed, this paper conducted relevant
searches on CNKI, Google Scholar and the websites of the Ministry of
Education to extract and analyze first-hand literature and materials related
to physical education teaching in colleges and universities related to
education digitalization. Through the literature search method, expert
interview method, inductive deduction method and data analysis method, this
paper studied and analyzed the application of digital education in physical
education teaching and explored the development path of physical education
teaching in colleges and universities in the context of future education
digitalization.

Research content: (1) The coverage of teaching resources has been
continuously expanded, and the use of information digitization teaching has
greatly expanded the channels for students to acquire knowledge and skills
in Xi and improved the efficiency and quality of students' learning Xi and
learning Xi. (2) The implementation of teaching methods is constantly
innovative, and virtual reality technology breaks the barriers of
traditional teaching venues, improves students' autonomy in learning Xi, and
enhances the sense of participation and experience of learning Xi. (3) The
teaching evaluation system is personalized, and digital tool technology
helps teachers to provide personalized guidance from the physical and mental
health of students.

Conclusions of the study: Education digitalization is an inevitable trend in
the development of modern education. The key lies on how to apply digital
information to improve physical education teaching mode, enrich innovative
teaching methods, help students carry out efficient and personalized
learning Xi, improve teaching quality, and promote the process of education
digitalization.
A141: Effects of Cupping Therapy on Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Jia Yuanyuan , Hou Xiao , Yu Laikang , Wang Rong , Lei Juntian
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a prevalent
and distressing condition with the decline of functional disability and
mental health for patients. To avoid the side effects of conventional
therapies for CMP (e.g., cardiovascular risks in drug treatments and
postoperative pain conditions in surgical interventions), cupping therapy,
one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicines, has been
widely used to reduce CMP. But the evidence remains controversial on the
effect of cupping therapy on CMP. The objective of this review and
meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of cupping therapy on clinical
outcomes (i.e., pain intensity, functional disability and mental health) in
CMP patients.

Methods: The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered at
PROSPERO before starting the data extraction (registration number:
CRD42023406219). Studies were identified by a comprehensive search of
databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library, up
to August 2023. A total of 34 data points from 10 randomized control trials
(RCT) were included in this meta-analysis.

Results: The results showed that cupping therapy (SMD = -1.23;
95% CI = -2.02 to -0.44; P = 0.002; I2 = 95%)
had a significant reduction effect on CMP patients’ pain intensity. But
cupping therapy had non-significant improvement effects on functional
disability (SMD = -0.58; 95% CI = -1.34 to 0.17; P = 0.13;
I2 = 76%) and mental health (SMD = -0.21; 95% CI = -0.81 to
0.38; P = 0.48; I2 = 63%). Although the
difference was not significant, based on the SMD, wet cupping therapy had a
better trend on reducing pain intensity (wet cupping therapy: SMD = -1.47,
95% CI = -2.39 to -0.55 VS dry cupping therapy: SMD = -1.20, 95% CI = -2.12
to -0.29; P = 0.69).

Conclusions: This review and meta-analysis indicated that
cupping therapy is efficient in alleviating pain intensity in CMP patients.
But it can’t improve functional disability and mental health significantly.
Among different cupping therapy types, wet cupping therapy seems to be more
helpful for individuals with CMP to decline pain intensity.
A143: Integrating Stakeholder Theory and SWOT Analysis to Examine
COVID-19 Outbreak Impact on Fitness Programs
Authors: Li Xinxin , Ran Ran
Published: January 2025

Background/Purpose: The fitness industry has been an important
segment in the sports-related global market (SFIA, 2020). The U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics Occupations Projection (2016-2026) indicated there would be
an 18.70% annual occupational employment percentage increase in the need for
athletic trainers (CareerOneStop, 2019). The U.S. 71394 Gym, Health &
Fitness Clubs Report revealed a 1%–6% revenue increase each year since 2012.
This projection indicated that the fitness market uptrend would continue in
the next decade. However, the COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on
the fitness market, and it was projected to have a 10% revenue decline in
2020 (IBISWorld, 2020). This study examined the challenges that fitness
programs faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Marketing strategies and
fitness program redesigns were proposed.

Methods: This case study’s subjects were the fitness programs.
Stakeholder Theory was employed as it concerns participants serving as its
primary stakeholders. Supplementing with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, strengths and weaknesses identified
internal factors that directly and indirectly affect fitness programs’
operation during the COVID-19 pandemic, while opportunities and threats
examined the external factors.

Results: Based on SWOT analysis, internal strengths that impact
fitness programs’ operations were: 1) Fitness training could still be
operated via an online format and keep participants safely and actively
engaged during the crisis; 2) Online training can be globally distributed
with no charge via its application platform; 3) Recorded and standardized
daily training can be done at any time without limits. Weaknesses were: 1)
Limited exercises available and no trainers’ in-person interaction to
demonstrate and correct participants’ exercises; 2) Technology application
and internet requirements may opt out participants who may not favor
technology or have access to the internet. External opportunities were: 1)
During a crisis like COVID-19, health-oriented outcomes were of great need;
2) The service-oriented business model would win out over the tangible
products model due to the major economic and social impact. Threats were: 1)
Online application consumption has not been a major trend like studio
membership purchases; 2) COVID-19 lockdown led to significant financial
impact and emotional disorders for fitness participants; 3) More
interruptions from family routines would affect people’s fitness
participation.

Conclusions: To survive in a global pandemic such as COVID-19,
fitness programs need to consider shifting traditional studio membership
sales to technology-assisted services purchases in order to boost their
revenues. Collaboration with local community health care providers to
facilitate real-time interaction and post-family training activities would
further strengthen fitness programs’ involvement and the primary
stakeholders’ attachment.
A147: Tai Chi for College Students: Optimal Dose and Impact
Authors: Yi Lijuan , Wang Guohao , Liu Yi , Shen Ting , Peng Chan , Liao Mengqi
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose: Insufficient physical activity in
college students correlates with various physical and mental health
complications. Tai Chi, as a mindful-body practice, exhibits potential
physiological and psychosocial advantages potentially mitigating these
concerns. This systematic review intended to amalgamate existing evidence to
thoroughly explore the impacts of Tai Chi and ascertain its optimal
implementation parameters for enhancing the physical and psychological
well-being of college students.

Method: We systematically searched for randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library,
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Wan Fang Data,
Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Medicine
Database (CBM). The search period for all databases extended from their
inception to July 2022, with an additional supplementary update performed in
January 2023. Two researchers independently conducted the study screening,
data extraction, and appraised the risk of bias following the guidelines of
Cochrane Handbook 5.2 and conducted data analysis using Review Manager 5.4
software. Optimal parameters of Tai Chi were identified by conducting
subgroup analysis.

Results: We included a total of 26 trials with 1806
participants. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that Tai Chi
exerted a positive influence on the physical and mental well-being of
college students. Specifically, it led to an increase in mindfulness levels
(SMD= 5.62; 95% CI, 3.14 to 8.09), an enhancement in vital capacity
(MD=41.96; 95% CI, 31.49 to 52.44), and a reduction in anxiety (SMD= -0.22;
95% CI, -0.37 to -0.08) and depression symptoms (SMD= -0.17; 95% CI, -0.30
to -0.04). Subgroup analysis unveiled the optimal parameters for mitigating
depression symptoms (training duration >150 minutes per week, each
session >50 minutes, training frequency ≥4 times per week, training
duration >12 weeks) and anxiety symptoms (training duration >150
minutes per week, each session 30-50 minutes, training frequency ≥4 times
per week, training duration >12 weeks).

Conclusion: In summary, Tai Chi has been shown to enhance
mindfulness levels and vital capacity while reducing symptoms of depression
and anxiety in college students. However, its influence on various other
physical and physiological parameters appeared to be limited. It is
important to exercise caution in recommending these findings, considering
the constraints of methodology and sample size.