bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Additional Anti-Persister Activity against Borrelia burgdorferi from an FDA Drug Library
Authors: Feng Jie , Weitner Megan , Shi Wanliang , Zhang Shuo , Sullivan David , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2015

Lyme disease is a leading vector-borne disease in the United States. Although the majority of Lyme patients can be cured with standard 2–4 week antibiotic treatment, 10%–20% of patients continue to suffer from prolonged post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). While the cause for this is unclear, persisting organisms not killed by current Lyme antibiotics may be involved. In our previous study, we screened an FDA drug library and reported 27 top hits that showed high activity against Borrelia persisters. In this study, we present the results of an additional 113 active hits that have higher activity against the stationary phase B. burgdorferi than the currently used Lyme antibiotics. Many antimicrobial agents (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anthelmintics or antiparasitics) used for treating other infections were found to have better activity than the current Lyme antibiotics. These include antibacterials such as rifamycins (3-formal-rifamycin, rifaximin, rifamycin SV), thiostrepton, quinolone drugs (sarafloxacin, clinafloxacin, tosufloxacin), and cell wall inhibitors carbenicillin, tazobactam, aztreonam; antifungal agents such as fluconazole, mepartricin, bifonazole, climbazole, oxiconazole, nystatin; antiviral agents zanamivir, nevirapine, tilorone; antimalarial agents artemisinin, methylene blue, and quidaldine blue; antihelmintic and antiparasitic agents toltrazuril, tartar emetic, potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate, oxantel, closantel, hycanthone, pyrimethamine, and tetramisole. Interestingly, drugs used for treating other non-infectious conditions including verteporfin, oltipraz, pyroglutamic acid, pidolic acid, and dextrorphan tartrate, that act on the glutathione/γ-glutamyl pathway involved in protection against free radical damage, and also the antidepressant drug indatraline, were found to have high activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. Among the active hits, agents that affect cell membranes, energy production, and reactive oxygen species production are more active against the B. burgdorferi persisters than the commonly used antibiotics that inhibit macromolecule biosynthesis. Future studies are needed to evaluate and optimize the promising active hits in drug combination studies in vitro and also in vivo in animal models. These studies may have implications for developing more effective treatments of Lyme disease.
The Potential Role of Hedgehog Signaling in the Luminal/Basal Phenotype of Breast Epithelia and in Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Flemban Arwa , Qualtrough David
Published: September 2015

The epithelium of the lactiferous ducts in the breast is comprised of luminal epithelial cells and underlying basal myoepithelial cells. The regulation of cell fate and transit of cells between these two cell types remains poorly understood. This relationship becomes of greater importance when studying the subtypes of epithelial breast carcinoma, which are categorized according to their expression of luminal or basal markers. The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal event in tumor invasion. It is important to understand mechanisms that regulate this process, which bears relation to the normal dynamic of epithelial/basal phenotype regulation in the mammary gland. Understanding this process could provide answers for the regulation of EMT in breast cancer, and thereby identify potential targets for therapy. Evidence points towards a role for hedgehog signaling in breast tissue homeostasis and also in mammary neoplasia. This review examines our current understanding of role of the hedgehog-signaling (Hh) pathway in breast epithelial cells both during breast development and homeostasis and to assess the potential misappropriation of Hh signals in breast neoplasia, cancer stem cells and tumor metastasis via EMT.
A Study of Fuel Economy Improvement in a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Engine on/off and Battery Charging Power Control Based on Driver Characteristics
Authors: Lee Seulgi , Choi Jingyu , Jeong Kiyun , Kim Hyunsoo
Published: September 2015

In this study, driving data for various types of drivers are collected using a VIDE (virtual integrated driving environment), and a driver model is developed. To represent the driver tendencies quantitatively, the DDA (degree of driver aggression) is proposed based on fuzzy logic. DDA has a 0-1 value; the closer the DDA is to one, the more aggressive the driver. Using the DDA, an engine on/off and battery charging power control algorithm are developed to improve the fuel economy of a power-split-type plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The engine on/off control reduces the frequent engine on/off caused by aggressive driving, whereas the battery charging power control maintains the battery state of charge (SOC) by operating the engine according to the DDA. It is found that the proposed control algorithm improves fuel economy by 17.3% compared to the existing control for an aggressive driver.
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Wildfire Risk in the United States
Authors: An Hyunjin , Gan Jianbang , Cho Sung
Published: September 2015

This study examines the statistical association of wildfire risk with climatic conditions and non-climate variables in 48 continental US states. Because the response variable “wildfire risk” is a fractional variable bounded between zero and one, we use a non-linear panel data model to recognize the bounded nature of the response variable. We estimate the non-linear panel data model (fractional probit) using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach to ensure that the parameter estimation is efficient. The statistical model, coupled with the future climates projected by Global Climate Models (GCMs), is then employed to assess the impact of global climate change on wildfire risk. Our regression results show that wildfire risk is positively related to spring, summer, and winter temperatures and human population density whereas it is negatively associated with precipitation. The simulation results based on GCMs and the regression model indicate that climate change will intensify wildfire risk throughout the entire US, especially in the South Central region, posing an increasing wildfire threat and thus calling for more effective wildfire management strategies.
Influences of Biodynamic and Conventional Farming Systems on Quality of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Crops: Results from Multivariate Analyses of Two Long-Term Field Trials in Sweden
Authors: Kjellenberg Lars , Granstedt Artur
Published: September 2015

The aim of this paper was to present results from two long term field experiments comparing potato samples from conventional farming systems with samples from biodynamic farming systems. The principal component analyses (PCA), consistently exhibited differences between potato samples from the two farming systems. According to the PCA, potato samples treated with inorganic fertilizers exhibited a variation positively related to amounts of crude protein, yield, cooking or tissue discoloration and extract decomposition. Potato samples treated according to biodynamic principles, with composted cow manure, were more positively related to traits such as Quality- and EAA-indices, dry matter content, taste quality, relative proportion of pure protein and biocrystallization value. Distinctions between years, crop rotation and cultivars used were sometimes more significant than differences between manuring systems. Grown after barley the potato crop exhibited better quality traits compared to when grown after ley in both the conventional and the biodynamic farming system.
Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Au: From Empirical Evidence to Phenomenological Modeling
Authors: Pia Giorgio , Delogu Francesco
Published: September 2015

The present work focuses on the development of a theoretical model aimed at relating the mechanical properties of nanoporous metals to the bending response of thick ligaments. The model describes the structure of nanoporous metal foams in terms of an idealized regular lattice of massive cubic nodes and thick ligaments with square cross-sections. Following a general introduction to the subject, model predictions are compared with Young’s modulus and the yield strength of nanoporous Au foams determined experimentally and available in literature. It is shown that the model provides a quantitative description of the elastic and plastic deformation behavior of nanoporous metals, reproducing to a satisfactory extent the experimental Young’s modulus and yield strength values of nanoporous Au.
Recent Developments in Chemical Synthesis with Biocatalysts in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Potdar Mahesh , Kelso Geoffrey , Schwarz Lachlan , Zhang Chunfang , Hearn Milton
Published: September 2015

Over the past decade, a variety of ionic liquids have emerged as greener solvents for use in the chemical manufacturing industries. Their unique properties have attracted the interest of chemists worldwide to employ them as replacement for conventional solvents in a diverse range of chemical transformations including biotransformations. Biocatalysts are often regarded as green catalysts compared to conventional chemical catalysts in organic synthesis owing to their properties of low toxicity, biodegradability, excellent selectivity and good catalytic performance under mild reaction conditions. Similarly, a selected number of specific ionic liquids can be considered as greener solvents superior to organic solvents owing to their negligible vapor pressure, low flammability, low toxicity and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and biological substances, including proteins. A combination of biocatalysts and ionic liquids thus appears to be a logical and promising opportunity for industrial use as an alternative to conventional organic chemistry processes employing organic solvents. This article provides an overview of recent developments in this field with special emphasis on the application of more sustainable enzyme-catalyzed reactions and separation processes employing ionic liquids, driven by advances in fundamental knowledge, process optimization and industrial deployment.
Bioactive Egg Components and Inflammation
Authors: Andersen Catherine
Published: September 2015

Inflammation is a normal acute response of the immune system to pathogens and tissue injury. However, chronic inflammation is known to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of numerous chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Thus, the impact of dietary factors on inflammation may provide key insight into mitigating chronic disease risk. Eggs are recognized as a functional food that contain a variety of bioactive compounds that can influence pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, the effects of egg consumption on inflammation varies across different populations, including those that are classified as healthy, overweight, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetic. The following review will discuss the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of egg components, with a focus on egg phospholipids, cholesterol, the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, and bioactive proteins. The effects of egg consumption of inflammation across human populations will additionally be presented. Together, these findings have implications for population-specific dietary recommendations and chronic disease risk.
Site-Specific Impact of a Regional Hydrodynamic Injection: Computed Tomography Study during Hydrodynamic Injection Targeting the Swine Liver
Authors: Yokoo Takeshi , Kanefuji Tsutomu , Suda Takeshi , Kamimura Kenya , Liu Dexi , Terai Shuji
Published: September 2015

A hemodynamic study of hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) from the tail vein in rodents has inspired a mechanism and an approach to further improve the efficacy of this procedure. However, there is no report on the hemodynamics of a regional HGD, which is an inevitable approach in large animals. Here, we report the hemodynamics of a regional hydrodynamic injection in detail based on 3D volume data and the dynamism of tissue intensity over time by using computed tomography (CT) both during and after a regional hydrodynamic injection that targeted the liver of a pig weighing 15.6 kg. Contrast medium (CM) was injected at a steady speed of 20 mL/s for 7.5 s under the temporal balloon occlusion of the hepatic vein (HV). A retrograde flow formed a wedge-shaped strong enhancement area downstream of the corresponding HV within 2.5 s, which was followed by drainage into another HV beginning from the target area and the portal vein (PV) toward a non-target area of the liver. After the injection, the CM was readily eliminated from the PV outside the target area. These data suggest that an interventional radiology approach is effective in limiting the hydrodynamic impacts in large animals at a target area and that the burden overflowing into the PV is limited. A further investigation that simultaneously evaluates gene delivery efficiency and hemodynamics using CT is needed to establish feasible parameters for a regional HGD in large animals.
A Palladium-Tin Modified Microband Electrode Array for Nitrate Determination
Authors: Fu Yexiang , Bian Chao , Kuang Jian , Wang Jinfen , Tong Jianhua , Xia Shanhong
Published: September 2015

A microband electrode array modified with palladium-tin bimetallic composite has been developed for nitrate determination. The microband electrode array was fabricated by Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technique. Palladium and tin were electrodeposited successively on the electrode, forming a double-layer structure. The effect of the Pd-Sn composite was investigated and its enhancement of catalytic activity and lifetime was revealed. The Pd-Sn modified electrode showed good linearity (R2 = 0.998) from 1 mg/L to 20 mg/L for nitrate determination with a sensitivity of 398 μA/(mg∙L−1∙cm2). The electrode exhibited a satisfying analytical performance after 60 days of storage, indicating a long lifetime. Good repeatability was also displayed by the Pd-Sn modified electrodes. The results provided an option for nitrate determination in water.
Thoracic bite trauma in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 65 cases
Authors: Cabon Q. , Deroy C. , Ferrand F.-X. , Pillard P. , Cachon T. , Fau D. , Goy-Thollot I. , Viguier E. , Carozzo C.
Published: September 2015

Objectives: To report a case series of thoracic bite trauma in dogs and cats and to evaluate risk factors for mortality.

Methods: A retrospective study concerning thoracic bite wounds in dogs and cats was performed. Lesions were categorized by depth of penetration: no wound, superficial, deep or penetrating. Thoracic radiographic reports were reviewed. Lesion management was classified as non-surgical, wound exploration, or explorative thoracotomy.

Results: Sixty-five cases were collected. Twenty-two percent of patients with normal respiratory patterns showed thoracic radio-graphic lesions. Respiratory distress was not correlated with mortality. Twenty-eight patients were presented with superficial wounds and 13 with deep wounds. Eight patients exhibited penetrating wounds. Radio-graphic lesions were observed in 77% of dogs and 100% of cats. Explorative thoracotomy was performed in 28% of patients, and surgical wound exploration in 17.2%. With the exception of skin wounds, thoracic wall discontinuity was the most frequent lesion. Thoracotomy was associated with increased length of hospitalisation but was not correlated with mortality. The mortality rate was 15.4%. No studied factor correlated with mortality, and the long-term outcomes were excellent.

Clinical significance: A penetrating injury, more than three radiographic lesions, or both together seemed to be indicative of the need for a thoracotomy. In the absence of these criteria, systematic bite wound explorative surgery is recommended, with extension to thoracotomy if thoracic body wall disruption is observed.
AN IVIF-ELECTRE OUTRANKING METHOD FOR MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING WITH INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SETS
Authors: CHEN Ting-Yu
Published: September 2015

The method of ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination and Choice Expressing Reality, ELECTRE) is a well-known and widely used outranking method for handling decision-making problems. The purpose of this paper is to develop an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy ELECTRE (IVIF-ELECTRE) method and apply it to multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) involving the multiple criteria evaluation/selection of alternatives. Using interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) sets with an inclusion comparison approach, concordance and discordance sets are identified for each pair of alternatives. Next, concordance and discordance indices are determined using an aggregate importance weight score function and a generalised distance measurement between weighted evaluative ratings, respectively. Based on the concordance and discordance dominance matrices, two IVIF-ELECTRE ranking procedures are developed for the partial and complete ranking of the alternatives. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed methods are illustrated with a multiple criteria decision-making problem of watershed site selection. A comparative analysis of other MCDA methods is conducted to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed IVIF-ELECTRE methods. Finally, an empirical study of job choices is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the current methods in the real world.
Increase of Antimyeloperoxidase Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) in Patients with Renal ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Association with Risk to Relapse
Authors: Yamaguchi Makoto , Ando Masahiko , Kato Sawako , Katsuno Takayuki , Kato Noritoshi , Kosugi Tomoki , Sato Waichi , Tsuboi Naotake , Yasuda Yoshinari , Mizuno Masashi , Ito Yasuhiko , Matsuo Seiichi , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: September 2015

Objective.

The diagnostic values of antiproteinase 3 and antimyeloperoxidase tests using antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are well established. Our study determined whether an increase in ANCA level was a predictor of disease flareup.

Methods.

Our study included 126 patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis treated at 9 nephrology centers in Japan. The relationship between increased ANCA levels and relapse was assessed using time-dependent multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. The outcome of interest was the time from remission to first relapse.

Results.

During the observation period [median 41 mos, interquartile range (IQR) 23–66 mos], 118 patients (95.8%) achieved remission at least once. After achieving remission, 34 patients relapsed (21.7%). Time-dependent multivariate Cox regression models revealed that lung involvement (adjusted HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.13–4.65, p = 0.022) and increased ANCA levels (adjusted HR 17.4, 95% CI 8.42–36.0, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with relapse. The median time from ANCA level increase to relapse was 0.6 months (IQR 0–2.1 mos).

Conclusion.

In our study, an increase in ANCA level during remission was associated with a risk of disease relapse. A rise in ANCA level may be useful for guiding treatment decisions in appropriate subsets of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Killing Me Softly. Autisme, temporalité et représentation
Authors: Turnheim Michael
Published: September 2015

Il existe une violence première, liée au langage, normalement oubliée. L’auteur pose l’hypothèse que certains phénomènes psychopathologiques, et en particulier les troubles du langage de l’autiste, pourraient s’expliquer par l’impossibilité de cet oubli.
La sexualité dans les films autour de la psychanalyse
Authors: Aleksić Branko
Published: September 2015

Le genre du cinéma qui explore les aléas de la psychanalyse a quelque chose de l’analyse didactique. Le mécanisme de réminiscences refoulées s’apparente à la technique de « flash-back », et la narration non-linéaire aux multiples canaux de caméra. La sexualité dans les films autour de la psychanalyse met en scène non seulement le monde physique, mais aussi celui verbal, de la parole – écrite, lue, orale. La circulation de « la cure par parole » entre Freud, Jung et la jeune Sabina Spielrein est d’abord mise en une sorte de la camera obscura (Christopher Hampton, The Talking Cure , pièce de théâtre, 2003), puis filmée, décryptée et magnifiée par les images dans le film en costumes de l’époque de David Cronenberg, A Dangereous Method , en 2011.
Dehydration in the Older Adult
Authors: Miller Hayley J.
Published: September 2015

Dehydration affects 20% to 30% of older adults. It has a greater negative outcome in this population than in younger adults and increases mortality, morbidity, and disability. Dehydration is often caused by water deprivation in older adults, although excess water loss may also be a cause. Traditional markers for dehydration do not take into consideration many of the physiological differences present in older adults. Clinical assessment of dehydration in older adults poses different findings, yet is not always diagnostic. Treatment of dehydration should focus on prevention and early diagnosis before it negatively effects health and gives rise to comorbidities. The current article discusses what has most thoroughly been studied; the best strategies and assessment tools for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of dehydration in older adults; and what needs to be researched further. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing
,
41
(9), 8–13.]
Conventional Versus Cross-Linked Polyethylene for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Surace Michele F. , Monestier Luca , Vulcano Ettore , Harwin Steven F. , Cherubino Paolo
Published: September 2015

The clinical and radiographic outcomes of 88 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with either conventional polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) from the same manufacturer were compared. There were no significant differences between the 2 subpopulations regarding average age, gender, side affected, or prosthetic stem and cup size. The average follow-up was 104 months (range, 55 to 131 months). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the longest follow-up for this particular insert. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually. Results showed that XLPE has a significantly greater wear reduction than that of standard polyethylene in primary total hip arthroplasty. At the longest available follow-up for these specific inserts, XLPE proved to be effective in reducing wear. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):556–561.]
Current Arthroscopic Concepts in Repairing Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial-Sided Avulsions
Authors: Malempati Chaitu , Felder Jerrod , Elliott Michael , Brunkhorst Joseph , Miller Mark , Johnson Darren L.
Published: September 2015

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are extremely rare and most commonly occur in the trauma setting. They can lead to instability, pain, diminished function, and eventual arthrosis. Several techniques of arthroscopic PCL repair for tibial-sided bony avulsions have been described in the literature; however, no single technique has emerged as the gold standard to predictably restore posterior knee stability, PCL function, and knee biomechanics. The authors believe that the best results will come from procedures that re-create the normal human anatomy and knee kinematics. In this article, 3 arthroscopic methods of PCL avulsion repairs performed at 2 academic institutions are analyzed. The techniques described here provide good options for the treatment of these injuries. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):563–569.]
Conversion to Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: Humeral Stem Retention Versus Revision
Authors: Dilisio Matthew F. , Miller Lindsay R. , Siegel Elana J. , Higgins Laurence D.
Published: September 2015

As the volume of shoulder arthroplasty procedures performed in the United States continues to increase, the predicted number of revision shoulder arthroplasties grows even higher. Conversion of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has become common. Many commercially available shoulder arthroplasty systems now offer a platform humeral stem that is used for both anatomic shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. This study investigated whether retaining the humeral stem offers advantages over revising the humeral stem in conversion of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The study included 26 patients (mean age, 68.46 years) with failed shoulder arthroplasty who underwent conversion to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean, 34.38 months). Patients who had retention of the humeral stem were compared with those who had stem revision. Humeral stem retention was associated with a significantly shorter operative time (178.92 vs 237 minutes,
P
=.02). Decreases in blood loss, complications, and length of hospitalization were observed, but the differences were not statistically significant. Minimal differences were observed for patient-reported outcomes. Of patients undergoing humeral stem removal, 21.4% had an intraoperative humeral shaft or tuberosity fracture compared with none in the stem retention group. Humeral stem retention was associated with decreased operative time compared with humeral stem revision in the conversion of failed shoulder arthroplasty to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The use of a platform shoulder arthroplasty system may benefit patients with failed shoulder arthroplasty undergoing conversion to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by avoiding humeral stem revision. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e773–e779.]
Patient-Controlled Transdermal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine Pump After Spine Surgery
Authors: Lindley Emily M. , Milligan Kenneth , Farmer Ryan , Burger Evalina L. , Patel Vikas V.
Published: September 2015

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is regularly used to manage pain following major surgery. The fentanyl hydrochloride iontophoretic transdermal system (ITS) was developed to overcome some of the limitations of intravenous (IV) PCA. The small, self-adhesive, needle-free disposable system is applied to the skin on the upper arm or chest and is controlled by patients clicking a button on the device. The authors identified patients who were underwent spinal surgery from 2 prior multicenter, randomized studies and analyzed their data. Of the 1296 patients in the original trials, 170 underwent spine surgery procedures: 90 were randomized to the fentanyl ITS (40 mcg/activation) and 80 to IV PCA morphine (1 mg/dose). More patients treated with the fentanyl ITS rated their method of pain control as “excellent” across all time points, but differences did not reach statistical significance. However, investigators’ ratings of “excellent” satisfaction with study treatment were significantly higher for the fentanyl ITS. Discontinuation rates and overall adverse event rates were similar between groups. The only significant difference was that patients treated with the fentanyl ITS had a higher rate of application site reactions than infusion site reactions in the IV PCA morphine group; the reactions were typically mild-to-moderate erythema that resolved shortly after removal of the fentanyl ITS device and did not require further treatment. Ratings of satisfaction with pain control method were consistently higher for the fentanyl ITS than the IV PCA morphine. The 2 groups had a similar safety profile. These results suggest that the fentanyl ITS appears to be a safe, efficacious alternative to IV PCA in spine surgery patients. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e819–e824.]
Predicting Postoperative C5 Palsy Using Preoperative Spinal Cord Rotation
Authors: Chugh A. Jessey , Gebhart Jeremy J. , Eubanks Jason D.
Published: September 2015

The development of C5 nerve palsy after cervical decompression surgery has been well documented. The goal of this study was to determine whether preoperative spinal cord rotation could be used as a predictor of C5 palsy in patients who underwent posterior cervical decompression at C4–C6. The authors reviewed the records of 72 patients who had posterior decompression and 77 patients who had anterior decompression. With the patients undergoing anterior decompression used as a control group, magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed for area of the spinal cord, anterior-posterior diameter, and cord rotation relative to the vertebral body. The rate of C5 palsy was 7.3%. Average degrees of rotation were 3.83°±2.47° and 3.45°±2.23° in the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. A statistically significant association was detected between degree of rotation and C5 palsy. Point-biserial correlations were 0.58 (
P
<.001) and 0.60 (
P
<.001) in the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. With a diagnostic cutoff of 6°, the sensitivity and specificity of identifying patients with C5 palsy in the posterior group were 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.94) and 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.98), respectively. The results suggested that preoperative spinal cord rotation may be a valid predictor of C5 nerve palsy after posterior cervical decompression. With mild rotation defined as less than 6°, moderate rotation as 6° to 10°, and severe rotation as greater than 10°, the prevalence of C5 palsy in the posterior group was 2 of 65 for mild rotation, 3 of 6 for moderate rotation, and 1 of 1 for severe rotation. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(9):e830–e835.]
Processing Clinker from Wastes: A New Raw Material Source for a Global Change
Authors: Buruberri L.H. , Seabra M.P. , Labrincha João A.
Published: September 2015

The final destination of the wastes generated in the manufacture of pulp paper is one of the growing concerns in this sector, since the European regulations are becoming stricter in regard to their landfill. So it is urgent to seek ways for their valorization through incorporation in other product as, although not usually dangerous, they are generated in substantial quantities.In this work the following residues were used: (i) calcareous sludge generated in the chemical recovery circuit of the production process; (ii) biological sludge generated in the secondary wastewater treatment step and (iii) fly ash from the combustion of biomass in cogeneration operation. The first stage of work was the waste characterization. Then different blends were prepared and submitted to distinct firing cycles to obtain Portland clinker, the main component of the ordinary cement. Using only wastes in adjusted proportions and under tuned firing cycle, it was possible to obtain ecological Portland clinker. Moreover, it was possible to reduce, by about 50 °C, the clinkering temperature in relation to the value used in cement industry, which results in economical and procedural benefits.
VHCF Strength of Helical Compression Springs - Influence of Heat Treatment Temperature before Shot Peening
Authors: Brunner Isabell , Veleva Desislava , Beyer Jörg , Oechsner Matthias
Published: September 2015

Previous fatigue tests show that the heat treatment temperature has a significant influence on high cycle fatigue behaviour of helical compression springs. In order to investigate the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the fracture behaviour and the cyclic life, fatigue tests in the very high cycle regime (VHCF) were conducted.The tested springs were manufactured from oil hardened and tempered SiCr-alloyed valve spring steel wire with a diameter of d = 1.6 mm. After winding and grinding of the spring endings, the springs were heat treated at either 360°C or 400°C for 30 minutes. In order to generate compressive residual stresses in the surface area, the springs were shot peened. After shot peening, the springs were again annealed at 240°C for 30 minutes.Fatigue tests were conducted at 40 Hz using a special spring fatigue device. Up to 900 springs were tested simultaneously at various stress levels to 5∙108or 109cycles. Fractured springs were investigated by means of a stereomicroscope as well as a scanning electron microscope to analyse the fracture behaviour and failure mechanisms. The vast majority of the springs show crack initiation at the surface at the inner side of the coil. Less frequently, crack initiation occurs at subsurface locations. Our results show that heat treatment at a temperature of 360°C leads to four times more subsurface cracks than at a temperature of 400°C and reduces the overall fatigue life time.
Impact of High-Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen on the Fatigue Behaviour of Austenitic Steel A-286 under Asymmetric Loading Conditions
Authors: Bruchhausen Matthias , Fischer Burkhard , Ruiz Ana , Hähner Peter , Soller Sebstian
Published: September 2015

Ultrasonic techniques are an established means for carrying out fatigue tests at very highnumbers of cycles. These techniques are based on the formation of a standing ultrasonic wave inthe specimen and usually use frequencies around 20 kHz. Although such systems allow testing to avery high number of cycles in a relatively short time, the use of a standing wave for creating thestrains restricts them to symmetric push-pull mode. This limitation can be overcome by coupling an ultrasonic test device to a universal test rig. In this work a different approach is presented that is particularly well suited for studying environmental effects. The load train with the specimen is enclosed in a pressure vessel. An acoustic horn divides this pressure vessel into two separate chambers. Applying a pressure difference between the two chambers then leads to a static stress in the specimenon which the oscillating stress from ultrasonic excitation is superposed. The addition of both stresses allows testing at varying R ratio. The deteriorating effect of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen on the steel A-286 is investigated as function of oscillating and static stresses at room temperature. SEM analysis of the fracture surface is presented.
Dislocations Gliding Study by IR Thermography in C-Mn Steels with Different Solute Atoms Content in the Gigacycle Fatigue Domain
Authors: Huang Zhi Yong , Ranc Nicolas , Wagner Danièle
Published: September 2015

Tests were performed on two Carbon-Manganese steels (A42 and A48 steels, French standard) in the gigacycle fatigue domain thanks to a piezoelectric fatigue machine working at 20000Hz. During the tests, temperature recordings were achieved by an infrared camera for various stress amplitudes. The main difference between the two steels compositions was the aluminum content (0.045% for the A42 steel and 0.004% for the A48 steel), and the carbon content (0.140% for the A 42 steel and 0.198% for the A48 steel). In the A48 steel, the few aluminum content induces a higher free content of solute nitrogen in the lattice. Mechanical spectroscopy tests were performed and gave qualitative results on the solute contents repartition in the lattice. The temperature increase recorded during the fatigue tests for the two steels are different at the beginning of the tests. The differences can be explained by the different repartition of the solute atoms which induces a different dislocation gliding between the two materials. At the end of the tests, the thermal recordings are similar and attributed to the evolution of the solute atoms repartition and the dislocation structure.
Failure Mechanism of Very High Cycle Fatigue for High Strength Steels
Authors: Wei Kang , He Bo Lin
Published: September 2015

In recent years, the core engineering components of high-speed train, automobiles and aircrafts are required to endure fatigue loads up from 108 to 1010 cycles. The present study results show that in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes of more than 107 cycles, the fatigue failure of high strength steel materials can occur below the traditional fatigue limit, hence the VHCF investigations of high strength steels not only help to further understand the fatigue essence and mechanism, but also do research on the fatigue design and life assessment method. This paper summarizes works of VHCF researches for high strength steels in recent years, such as the characteristics of S-N curve, the observations on fish-eye, which is one of the typical characteristics of fracture surface, crack initiation, crack propagation, etc. The present work also analyzes the fatigue mechanisms and briefly discusses several factors that affect VHCF properties, such as hydrogen effect, inclusion effect, frequency effect. Some possible and prospective aspects of future researches are also proposed.
Simulation of the Interaction of Plastic Deformation in Shear Bands with Deformation-Induced Martensitic Phase Transformation in the VHCF Regime
Authors: Hilgendorff Philipp Malte , Grigorescu Andrei , Zimmermann Martina , Fritzen Claus Peter , Christ Hans Jürgen
Published: September 2015

The experimental observation of the microstructural deformation behavior of a metastable austenitic stainless steel tested at the real VHCF limit indicates that plastic deformation is localized and accumulated in shear bands and martensite formation occurs at grain boundaries and intersecting shear bands. Based on these observations a microstructure-sensitive model is proposed that accounts for the accumulation of plastic deformation in shear bands (allowing irreversible plastic sliding deformation) and considers nucleation and growth of deformation-induced martensite at intersecting shear bands. The model is numerically solved using the two-dimensional (2-D) boundary element method. By using this method, real simulated 2-D microstructures can be reproduced and the microstructural deformation behavior can be investigated within the microstructural morphology. Results show that simulation of shear band evolution is in good agreement with experimental observations and that prediction of sites of deformation-induced martensite formation is possible in many cases. The analysis of simulated shear stresses in most critical slip systems under the influence of plastic deformation due to microstructural changes contributes to a better understanding of the interaction of plastic deformation in shear bands with deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation in the VHCF regime.
Joint involvement in patients affected by systemic lupus erythematosus: application of the swollen to tender joint count ratio
Authors: Cipriano E. , Ceccarelli F. , Massaro L. , Spinelli F. R. , Alessandri C. , Perricone C. , Valesini G. , Conti F.
Published: September 2015

Joint involvement is a common manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). According to the SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), joint involvement is present in case of ≥2 joints with pain and signs of inflammation. However this definition could fail to catch all the various features of joint involvement. Alternatively the Swollen to Tender joint Ratio (STR) could be used. This new index, which was originally proposed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, is based on the count of 28 swollen and tender joints. Our study is, therefore, aimed to assess joint involvement in a SLE cohort using the STR. SLE patients with joint symptoms (≥1 tender joint) were enrolled over a period of one month. Disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K. We performed the swollen and tender joint count (0-28) and calculated the STR. Depending on the STR, SLE patients were grouped into three categories of disease activity: low (STR1.0). We also calculated the disease activity score based on a 28-joint count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). We enrolled 100 SLE patients [F/M 95/5, mean±standard deviation (SD) age 46.3±10.6 years, mean±SD disease duration 147.1±103.8 months]. The median of tender and swollen joints was 4 (IQR 7) and 1 (IQR 2.5), respectively. The median STR value was 0.03 (IQR 0.6). According to the STR, disease activity was low in 70 patients, moderate in 23 and high in 7. A significant correlation was identified between STR values and DAS28 (r=0.33, p=0.001). The present study suggests a correlation between STR and DAS28, allowing an easier and faster assessment of joint involvement with the former index.
Movement and Home Range of Nile Crocodiles in Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa
Authors: Calverley Peter M. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: September 2015

The study of movement patterns and home range is fundamental in understanding the spatial requirements of animals and is important in generating information for the conservation and management of threatened species. Ndumo Game Reserve, in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, bordering Mozambique, has the third largest Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) population in South Africa. Movement patterns of 50 Nile crocodiles with a total length of between 202 cm and 472 cm were followed over a period of 18 months, using mark-resight, radio and satellite telemetry. The duration of radio transmitter attachment (131 ± 11.4 days) was significantly and negatively related to total length and reproductive status. Satellite transmitters failed after an average of 15 ± 12.5 days. Home range was calculated for individuals with 10 or more radio locations, spanning a period of at least 6 months. There was a significant relationship between home range size and total length, with sub-adults (1.5 m – 2.5 m) occupying smaller, more localised home ranges than adults (> 2.5 m). The largest home ranges were for adults (> 2.5 m). Home ranges overlapped extensively, suggesting that territoriality, if present, does not result in spatially discrete home ranges of Nile crocodiles in Ndumo Game Reserve during the dry season. Larger crocodiles moved farther and more frequently than smaller crocodiles. The reserve acts as a winter refuge and spring breeding site for an estimated 846 crocodiles, which also inhabit the Rio Maputo during the summer months. Nile crocodile movement out of the reserve and into the Rio Maputo starts in November and crocodiles return to the reserve as water levels in the floodplain recede in May.Conservation implications: Movement patterns of Nile crocodiles show the important role the reserve plays in the conservation of Nile crocodile populations within the greater Ndumo Game Reserve–Rio Maputo area.
Correlating nurses’ levels of Psychological Capital with their reward preferences and reward satisfaction
Authors: Shelton Stacy A. , Renard Michelle
Published: September 2015

Orientation: Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is crucial for the effective performance of nurses, and may be influenced by rewarding employees according to their individual preferences. Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish whether relationships exist between nurses’ levels of PsyCap and both their reward preferences and levels of reward satisfaction. It also aimed to investigate whether demographic differences occurred across these variables. Motivation for the study: Currently there is limited research relating to PsyCap within the South African context, and none to date specifically related to the medical industry in South Africa. Moreover, it is vital that the reward preferences of nurses are taken into account when designing their rewards packages, in order for them to be satisfied within their respective medical institutions. Research approach, design and method: This quantitative study was conducted using nonprobability sampling, with 116 nurses within the public and private sectors of the Nelson Mandela Metropole medical industry completing the questionnaire. The instruments utilised were the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Reward Preferences Questionnaire.Main findings: It was found that the majority of the sample exhibited high levels of PsyCap. Correlations existed between PsyCap factors and certain reward preference and reward satisfaction factors. Significant differences occurred across the demographic variables of age, marital status, education level, tenure and sector.Practical/managerial implications: In order to maintain high PsyCap levels and ensure that nurses are satisfied, medical institutions should take individual reward preferences into account and reward their nurses accordingly. Contribution/value-add: These findings add to the current body of South African literature regarding PsyCap and reward preferences, and provide valuable insight into the use of rewards in improving levels of PsyCap within the medical setting. The consideration of nurses’ reward preferences when designing rewards packages can lead to enhanced PsyCap and improved reward satisfaction amongst nurses, possibly resulting in enhanced patient care.
Inheemse en Westerse tegnologiese kennisstelsels: Twee kante van dieselfde muntstuk?
Authors: Ankiewicz Piet
Published: September 2015

Indigenous knowledge is often included artificially as an accessory by means of stereotypical examples in so-called Western, discipline-based school curricula for technology. The nature and tenets of indigenous technological knowledge have however not been investigated and documented thoroughly, creating difficulties and challenges for curriculum designers, especially including and integrating it in curricula that focus mainly on Western technology. The complementary nature of indigenous and Western knowledge systems allows for “border crossings” between these. The purpose of this article is to investigate and conceptualise the complementary nature of indigenous technology knowledge systems (ITKS) and Western technology knowledge systems by using Mitcham’s framework that is based on a Western technology knowledge system as point of departure. The findings indicate that it may be useful for curriculum designers to include indigenous technology in curricula with the purpose to illustrate the above-mentioned complementarity between ITKS and Western technology knowledge systems. Curriculum designers should focus on the common tenets of indigenous and Western technology from an ontological, epistemological, methodological and volitional perspective, rather than merely including clinical and sterile examples of indigenous knowledge in technology curricula artificially.
Employing cultural and indigenous sources of knowledge in the context of semiruralschools
Authors: Hattingh Annemarie
Published: September 2015

The study was conducted to gain insight into the pegagogical approaches and practices of physical science teachers who used cultural and indigenous knowledge in some way in semirural schools. All the schools were situated in environments with a low socioeconomic index and none of the schools had a science laboratory or equipment available for teaching physical science. The theoretical frame emanates from constructs as described in cultural border-crossing and culturally relevant pedagogy. Four cases were identified and the narrative data analysed, using the Banks Topology which describes four levels of indigenous knowledge integration. The implication of the four categorised cases is that they may be critically unpacked during the professional development and preservice preparation of teachers who have to teach physical science to multicultural learners.
Primary gastric tuberculosis mimicking a submucosal tumor
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Rana Surinder Singh , Gunjan Deepak , Chhabra Puneet , Sharma Ravi , Bhasin Deepak K.
Published: September 2015

Gastric tuberculosis is very rare and is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Endoscopically, it usually resembles peptic ulcer disease or malignancy. We present a 28-year-old female who had a submucosal lesion in the body of the stomach that mimicked a submucosal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration yielded caseous material, and the cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculosis.