bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE QUALITY OF RAW MILK FROM SELECTED OHIO MARKETS.
Authors: Ohri S. P. , Slatter W. L.
Published: November 2018

An 8-month survey was made on the flavor of raw milk supplies from four major Ohio markets. A total of 317 milk samples obtained from farm bulk tanks and from tank trucks were examined fresh and after storage at 38–40 F for 48 hours. Approximately 40% of the industrial producer's fresh milk supply had highly satisfactory flavor quality and the flavor of 10% of the shipments was completely undesirable. The combining of the producers' milk in the tank pick-up truck resulted in milk for the plants having a flavor that was neither very good nor very bad. The most common flavor defect was “feed” but other flavors frequently encountered were “cowy” and “rancid.” A significant flavor deterioration occurred in the raw milk during its storage for 48 hr at 38–40 F. The principal changes involved the development of such flavors as “rancid,” “unclean” and acid-associated flavors such as “malty.” The rancid flavor was a common defect in the milk after storage during the winter season, and unclean, musty, oily and the acid-associated flavors were frequently found in the milk after storage during the summer season. The results suggest the need for more adequate milk flavor control measures and that milk should be processed as soon as possible after reaching the plant if it is to possess the finest possible flavor.
THE CELLULAR CONTENT OF COWS MILK.
Authors: Schultze W. D. , Smith J. W.
Published: November 2018

The comparison of CMT score and direct microscope count on 1,187 quarter milk samples indicates some limitations in the use of the CMT as an indirect estimator of cell content in quarter milk samples. In these data a CMT score of one or less could be interpreted as good evidence that the sample contained less than one million cells per ml. CMT scores of 2.2 or more provide good evidence for cell counts in excess of one million. The intermediate scores range too widely in cell count to be interpretable in these terms.
KEEPING QUALITY OF DAIRY PRODUCTS OBTAINED AT RETAIL OUTLETS.
Authors: Langlois B. E. , Randolph H. E. , Crume Nancy M.
Published: November 2018

A study was made of the bacteriological and keeping quality of low-fat milk, skimmilk, and chocolate flavored milk obtained at retail outlets. Approximately 62% of the low-fat milk samples, 81% of the skimmilk samples, and 93% of the chocolate flavored milk did not have a satisfactory flavor score (36.0 or higher) after storage at 40 ± 2 F for 14 days. The samples ranged in age from 0 to 15 days at time of purchase, the average age being 4.3 days (low-fat milk), 5.3 days (skimmilk), and 5.9 days (chocolate flavored milk). The average days kept at 40 ± 2 F after purchase was 9.5 days (low-fat milk), 7.4 days (skimmilk), and 5.9 days (chocolate flavored milk). Highly significant correlations were observed between: purchase age and initial flavor; days kept and SPC on purchase day, and days kept and SPC after 7 days' storage. The quality of products of an individual brand tended to be similar; whereas, significant quality differences were observed between brands.
THE APPLICATION OF PLASTIC CONTAINERS FOR PACKING AND PASTEURIZING MEAT OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)1
Authors: Flynn C. W. , Tatro M. C.
Published: November 2018

Sixteen-ounce portions of regular grade crab meat were packed and pasteurized in hermetically sealed rigid polypropylene “Indeplas” 307 × 400 containers. Meat from the metal and plastic containers was evaluated periodically for six months. The plastic containers gave overall product protection equal to the metal cans. Some brittleness was experienced with the plastic containers when handled roughly at refrigerated temperatures. Appearance and flavor evaluation of experimental and control samples within each treatment resulted in no significant difference until approaching four months storage. At four months and thereafter, the meat from the plastic containers appeared whiter and imparted a sweeter, more natural flavor than the control samples packed in metal containers. A preference was observed for appearance and flavor of meat processed at 185 F over that processed at 190 F. Above 190 F the meat exhibited a greyish cast and a slightly cooked flavor. Texture evaluation data indicated no significant change throughout the storage testing. Bacteriological examination indicated that the contents in both containers should be processed 110 min at 185 F for adequate pasteurization. The metal containers, due to their increased diameter, exhibited a slightly slower come-up time.
THE CONTROL OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN MAPLE SAP STORED IN FIELD STORAGE TANKS BY ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION
Authors: Kissinger J. C. , Willits C. O.
Published: November 2018

During the maple sap seasons of 1964 and 1965, sap collected from roadside stands of trees was stored in field holding tanks for as long as eleven days without deterioration, by continually irradiating the stored sap with germicidal ultraviolet lights emitting in the range of 260–300mμ. The bacterial populations of the stored, irradiated sap did not exceed 4.0 × 105 organisms per ml, and sirup made from the sap was light amber in color (fancy grade) with an excellent flavor.
Distribution and cycling of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in peatland-draining rivers and coastal waters of Sarawak, Borneo
Authors: Martin Patrick , Cherukuru Nagur , Tan Ashleen S. Y. , Sanwlani Nivedita , Mujahid Aazani , Müller Moritz
Published: November 2018

Abstract. South-East Asia is home to one of the world's largest stores of tropical
peatland and accounts for roughly 10 % of the global land-to-sea dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) flux. We present the first ever seasonally resolved
measurements of DOC concentration and chromophoric dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) spectra for six peatland-draining rivers and coastal waters in
Sarawak, north-western Borneo. The rivers differed substantially in DOC
concentration, ranging from 120–250 µmol L−1 (Rajang River) to
3100–4400 µmol L−1 (Maludam River). All rivers carried high
CDOM concentrations, with a350 in the four blackwater rivers between
70 and 210 m−1 and 4 and 12 m−1 in the other two rivers. DOC and CDOM
showed conservative mixing with seawater except in the largest river (the
Rajang), where DOC concentrations in the estuary were elevated, most likely
due to inputs from the extensive peatlands within the Rajang Delta. Seasonal
variation was moderate and inconsistent between rivers. However, during the
rainier north-east monsoon, all marine stations in the western part of our
study area had higher DOC concentrations and lower CDOM spectral slopes,
indicating a greater proportion of terrigenous DOM in coastal waters.
Photodegradation experiments revealed that riverine DOC and CDOM in Sarawak
are photolabile: up to 25 % of riverine DOC was lost within 5 days of
exposure to natural sunlight, and the spectral slopes of photo-bleached CDOM
resembled those of our marine samples. We conclude that coastal waters of
Sarawak receive large inputs of terrigenous DOC that is only minimally
altered during estuarine transport and that any biogeochemical processing
must therefore occur mostly at sea. It is likely that photodegradation plays
an important role in the degradation of terrigenous DOC in these
waters.
Atmospheric data set from the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell during the CONT-17 VLBI campaign
Authors: Klügel Thomas , Böer Armin , Schüler Torben , Schwarz Walter
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Continuous Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations are designed to obtain highly accurate data for detailed studies of high frequency Earth rotation variations, reference frame stability and daily to sub-daily site motions. During the CONT-17 campaign that covered a time span of 15 days between Nov. 28 and Dec. 12, 2017, a comprehensive data set of atmospheric observations and weather model data were acquired at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, where three radio telescopes contributed to three different networks which have been established for this campaign. The data set is made available to all the interested users in order to provide an optimal data base for the analysis and interpretation of the CONT-17 VLBI data. In addition, it is an outstanding data set for validation and comparison of tropospheric parameters resulting from different space techniques with regard to the establishment of a common atmosphere at co-location sites. The regularly recorded atmospheric parameters comprise all meteorological quantities (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, precipitation) taken from the local meteo station close to the surface, solar radiation intensity, temperatures up to 1000 m above the surface from a temperature profiler, total vapour and liquid water content from a water vapour radiometer, and cloud coverage and -temperatures from a nubiscope. Additionally, vertical profiles of pressure, temperature and humidity from radiosonde balloons and from numerical weather models were used for comparison and validation. The graphical representation and comparison show a good correlation in general, but also some disagreements at special weather situations. While the accuracy, the temporal and spatial resolution of the individual data sets is very different, the data as a whole characterize comprehensively the atmospheric conditions around Wettzell during the CONT-17 campaign and represent a sound basis for further investigations (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.895518).
ASSESSMENT OF HYDRO POTENTIAL USING INTEGRATED TOOL IN QGIS
Authors: Sahu I. , Prasad A. D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The necessity for developing Hydropower plants a renewable energy source has emerged due to increase in energy demand and environmental concern, as non-renewable sources produce greenhouse gasses. Location analysis methodology for hydropower development has formerly depended upon onsite surveys and manual work which are tedious, time consuming and costly as compared to the work done on GIS environment. In current study an attempt has been made to construct a tool that integrate and automate the various hydrology tools available in QGIS for finding hydro potential site. Each tool perform different function and are linked according to the workflow as majority of these tools uses the output of the previous tool and thus are interdependent. Geoprocessing analysis is performed on DEM to generate fill sink, flow direction, flow accumulation, identification of stream network, head (falling height). Hydrological data (runoff) and Pour point location is taken as input to generate discharge value and watershed contributing to that point location respectively. Finally hydro potential is calculated by the tool and sites having high potential are identified. The model is tested on Hasdo bango hydro power plant site located in Korba district of Chhattisgarh. The hydro potential of the site evaluated from the model is 112 MW which is close to the total installed capacity of the existing hydro power plant of 120 MW.
MONITORING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEGRADED LANDS IN SIRSA DISTRICT
Authors:   Promila, Mothi Kumar K. E. , Sharma P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this paper, study on monitoring of kind, extent and degree of severity of degraded lands was conducted in Sirsa district (29.53° N 75.02° E) of north western Haryana with the help of geo-spatial techniques. Efforts have been made to identify and map the degraded lands of the district on 1 : 50.000 scale using LANDSAT TM (1995) and IRS LISS-III (1A/B FCC; 2005–06 and 2015–16) satellite imagery. The area under various degraded land categories was computed for different seasons which reveal that wind erosion was major cause of soil degradation problem in the district since 1995. The area under degradation due to wind erosion was followed by water logging, anthropogenic activities and salinisation. Although the area occupied by anthropogenic activities was found to be low but their impact on environment is long term than naturally degraded soils. A significant decline is observed in all the degradation classes (except brick kilns) in successive years but however, water logging (permanent) shows increasing trend in 2005–06 and then decline in 2015–16. The reasons have been sorted out to explain the changing dynamics of degradation. The district was found to be degraded by various categories of land degradation subjected to slight to moderate degradation. The degraded lands have shown sharp decline from 28.4% in 1995 to 6.22% in 2015–16 of total geographical area of the district.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF COMBINED PIXEL AND OBJECT-BASED METHOD FOR DELINEATION OF DEBRIS-COVERED GLACIERS
Authors: Sahu R. , Gupta R. D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Delineation of the glacier is an important task for understanding response of glaciers to climate. In Himalayan region, most of the glaciers are covered with debris. Supraglacial debris works as an obstacle for automatic mapping of glacier using remote sensing data. Different methods have been used to reduce this difficulty based on pixel-based and object-based approaches using optical data, thermal data and DEM. Pixel-based glacier mapping is a traditional method for delineation of the glacier but the object-based method has emerged as a new approach in cryosphere application leading to its successful application in different applications. All pixel-based methods require some degree of manual correction because these can’t be delineated automatically, especially in shadow area and debris covered part of the glacier. In the majority of studies, the object-based method has provided higher accuracy to delineate the debris-covered glacier. Spatially high spatial resolution satellite data is best suited for object-based image classification. In future, a combination of pixel-based method and object-based method can be attempted for delineation of the debris-covered glacier along with its critical analysis for suitability. The present paper critically reviews pixel-based and object-based methods as well as provides a framework for combined pixel and object-based method for delineation of debris-covered glacier.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF INCIDENCE ANGLE AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE PENETRATION DEPTH OF L- AND S-BAND SAR SIGNALS INTO THE GROUND SURFACE
Authors: Singh A. , Meena G. K. , Kumar S. , Gaurav K.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We study the functional relationship between the dielectric constant of soil-water mixture and penetration depth of microwave signals into the ground at different frequency (L&S) band and incidence angles. Penetration depth of microwave signals into the ground depends on the incidence angle and wavelength of radar pulses and also on the soil properties such as moisture content and textural composition. It has been observed that the longer wavelengths have higher penetration in the soil but the penetration capability decreases with increasing dielectric behaviour of the soil. Moisture content in the soil can significantly increase its dielectric constant. Various empirical models have been proposed that evaluate the dielectric behaviour of soil-water mixture as a function of moisture content and texture of the soil. In this analysis we have used two such empirical models, the Dobson model and the Hallikainen model, to calculate the penetration depth at L- and C-band in soil and compared their results. We found that both of these models give different penetration depth and show different sensitivity towards the soil composition. Hallikainen model is more sensitive to soil composition as compared to Dobson model. Finally, we explore the penetration depth at different incidence angle for the proposed L- and S-band sensor of upcoming NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission by using Hallikainen empirical model. We found that the soil penetration depth of SAR signals into the ground decreases with the increase in soil moisture content, incident angle and frequency.
AN INSIGHT INTO THE VOLUME COMPONENT GENERATED FROM RISAT-1 HYBRID POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA FOR CROP BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS RETRIEVAL
Authors: Srivastava H. S. , Sivasankar T. , Patel P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Polarimetric parameters have been extensively used for target parameters retrieval than backscattering coefficients. In previous studies, volume component generated from polarimetric SAR data has been considered as the return signal component from vegetation and intern used this for biophysical parameters retrieval. Un-polarized component of the return signal has been considered as volume component. The present study is mainly focused to analyze the volume component generated from C-band RISAT-1 hybrid polarimetric SAR data from wheat crop. Three temporal datasets acquired at ∼31° central incidence angle between Jan and Mar 2016 over parts of Bharatpur and Mathura districts located in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh (India) have been used in this study. Water Cloud Model with Gaps has been considered for modeling the first Stokes parameter (g0), which represents total intensity of return signal, from wheat crop using LAI and Interaction factor as vegetation descriptors. The vegetation component derived using calibrated Water Cloud Model with Gaps has been analyzed with volume component derived from RISAT-1 hybrid polarimetric SAR data. The analyses observed that a significant difference during lower LAI values and shown comparably during higher LAI values. The higher values of volume component derived from RISAT-1 SAR data than modeled vegetation component indicates that the volume component can also be generated by underneath soil. It is also observed the difference in derived un-polarized component and modeled vegetation component has shown higher correlation with underneath soil moisture than directly correlating with derived un-polarized component. This study indicates that the volume component derived from hybrid polarimetric SAR data has return signals from vegetation as well as underneath soil.
ESTIMATION OF SURFACE SNOW WETNESS USING SENTINEL-2 MULTISPECTRAL DATA
Authors: Varade D. , Dikshit O.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Snow cover characterization and estimation of snow geophysical parameters is a significant area of research in water resource management and surface hydrological processes. With advances in spaceborne remote sensing, much progress has been achieved in the qualitative and quantitative characterization of snow geophysical parameters. However, most of the methods available in the literature are based on the microwave backscatter response of snow. These methods are mostly based on the remote sensing data available from active microwave sensors. Moreover, in alpine terrains, such as in the Himalayas, due to the geometrical distortions, the missing data is significant in the active microwave remote sensing data. In this paper, we present a methodology utilizing the multispectral observations of Sentinel-2 satellite for the estimation of surface snow wetness. The proposed approach is based on the popular triangle method which is significantly utilized for the assessment of soil moisture. In this case, we develop a triangular feature space using the near infrared (NIR) reflectance and the normalized differenced snow index (NDSI). Based on the assumption that the NIR reflectance is linearly related to the liquid water content in the snow, we derive a physical relationship for the estimation of snow wetness. The modeled estimates of snow wetness from the proposed approach were compared with in-situ measurements of surface snow wetness. A high correlation determined by the coefficient of determination of 0.94 and an error of 0.535 was observed between the proposed estimates of snow wetness and in-situ measurements.
PSINSAR COHERENCE BASED DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS OF KRISHNA DELTA USING SENTINEL-1 INTERFEROMETRIC WIDE SWATH DATA
Authors: Gonnuru P. , Kumar S. , Kumar A. S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The problem of decorrelation leading to loss of coherence has been a major source of concern to identify the various problems of erosion and deposition in delta. In this study, Permanent Scatter Interferometric SAR (PsInSAR) technique was used to identify the Permanent Scatter Candidates (PSCs) to explore its potential in identifying displacement based on coherence of various features in delta during the dry and wet periods. PSCs are coherent over interferograms acquired during different time periods. The study was conducted using Sentinel-1 C-band Interferometric Wide (IW) swath datasets acquired from 25th October 2016 to 10th June 2017 over Krishna Delta. The datasets were deramped and stitched prior to co-registering the master and slave images. Interferograms were generated, phase unwrapped and filtered after which the PSCs were identified based on Amplitude Stability index. The problem of tropospheric phase delay causing decorrelation was removed based on the difference in the phase residual of the connected PSCs. Ps coherence map was generated showing coherence as low as 0.28 to 0.38 in mangroves due to volume decorrelation and 0.5 to 0.85 in village areas. A prominent feature, vernal pool exhibited high variation in coherence (0.28 to 0.45) depending on monsoon or summer season. An integrated cumulative displacement map was generated indicating the areas where erosion and deposition has taken place and these depositional values of certain deltaic features were in conjunction with coherence.
ONLINE GEOPROCESSING USING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GRIDDED DATA
Authors: Kiran A. , Gupta P. K. , Jha A. K. , Saran S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Traditional geoprocessing techniques often rely on the use of multiple softwares for data handling and management which consumes almost 80% of the time and requires the user to be well versed with all the intricacies of pre-processing. Therefore, there is a need to reverse the trend on analysis and data management, so as to enable scientists and researchers to focus on the science rather than data handling and pre-processing. The concept of a Data Cube which is a massive multi-dimensional array of raster or gridded data, ‘stacks’ satellite images and addresses the problems faced by traditional remote sensing practices and provides an interactive environment where datasets can be analysed with relative ease as compared to its traditional counterparts. This framework allows multi-format and multi-projection datasets spanning decades to be used in various geoprocessing techniques from simple GIS tasks such as data conversion, time series generation, and to do more complex tasks such as change detection, NDVI generation, unsupervised classification and modelling. LISS III data for the state of Uttarakhand, India was used on an interactive interface called the Jupyter Notebook where scripts written in Python allowed data to be ingested, analysed and visualised. The Data Cube framework hence proved to be a flexible and extensive development environment which can be extended to meet more complex modelling requirements.
A GRAPHIC PROCESSING UNIT FRAME WORK FOR CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Ansari R. A. , Thomas W. , Buddhiraju K. M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Near real time processing and feature extraction from high-resolution satellite images aids in various applications of remote sensing including segmentation, classification and change detection. The latest generation of satellite sensors are able to capture the data at a very high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. The processing time required for such a huge data is also large. Disaster monitoring applications such as forest fire monitoring, earthquakes require fast/real time processing of high resolution data to enable response activities. In general, due to the large size of satellite data, the computational time of feature calculation and training neural network is found to be very high. Therefore in order to achieve the aim of near real time processing of such huge data, we developed a parallel implementation. The implementation is performed on NVIDIA’s Graphical Processing Unit. The performance improvement obtained is demonstrated by a GPU implementation on Resourcesat-1 data and compared with the traditional sequential implementation. The results show that the GPU implementation is found to achieve performance improvement in terms of execution time and speedup throughput as compared to the sequential implementation.
APPLICATION OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR FODDER CROP ASSESSMENT
Authors: Kala S. , Singh M. , Dutta S. , Singh N. , Dwivedi S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Identification of crop and its accuracy is an important aspect in predicting crop production using Remote Sensing technology. This study investigates the ability of Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in discriminating fodder crops and estimating its area using moderate resolution multi-temporal Landsat-8 OLI data. SVM is a non-parametric statistical learning method and its accuracy is dependent on the parameters and the kernels used. The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of SVM in fodder classification and compare the results with traditional parametric Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC). Fodder crops are available over small fields in the study area thus having large number of pure fodder pixels over small area is difficult. Hence, SVM has an advantage over MLC as it works well with less training data sets also. Three kernels (linear, polynomial and radial based function) were used with SVM classification. Comparative analysis showed that higher overall accuracy was observed in SVM in comparison to MLC. Temporal change in the spectral properties of the crops derived through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from multi-temporal Landsat-8 was found to be the most important information that affects accuracy of classification. The classification accuracies for SVM with radial based function, polynomial, linear kernel and MLC were 90.09%, 89.9%, 88.9% and 82.4% respectively. The result suggested that SVM including three kernels performed significantly better than MLC. India has low livestock productivity due to unavailability of fodder hence this study could help in strengthening the fodder productivity.
THE REVIEWING PROCESS FOR ISPRS EVENTS
Authors: Mallet C. , Dowman I. , Vosselman G. , Stilla U. , Halounova L. , Paparoditis N.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Following the first initiatives taken by the International Programme Committee of the XXIIIrd ISPRS Congress in Prague (Czech Republic) in 2016, modifications of the reviewing process of ISPRS events were further considered during the years 2017 and 2018. This evolution first targets to better fit such a process to the currents requirements and expectations of the ISPRS community. Secondly, it aims to provide unified guidelines for the different steps of the process. Under the aegis of the 2020 Congress Director and ISAC (International Science Advisory Committee) chair, several discussions were held in-between September 2017 and June 2018 with ISAC members, Technical Commission Presidents (TCP), council members, 2016 and 2020 Congress Programme Chairs. This document serves as a unique transparent basis that applies for all kinds of ISPRS events (from Congress and Geospatial Week to smaller workshops), and all categories of people that are bound to be involved in the evaluation process of scientific contributions (authors, reviewers, TCPs, … ). It also specifies the evaluation criteria for the works submitted to ISPRS events, both for full papers and abstracts. Subsequently, it helps authors to improve the content and shape of their contributions. Eventually, this paper is targeted to help new chairs to smoothly prepare their future event. The following guidelines were first adopted for the 2018 Technical Commission Symposia.
The Determinants of Capital Structure Decisions: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Vijayakumaran Sunitha , Vijayakumaran Ratnam
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we examine the determinants of leverage in the context of China using a sample of 1844 Chinese non-financial firms over the period 2003 to 2010. This study shows that that the average leverage ratio of Chinese listed firms is similar to those observed in other developing countries. The study also finds thatsize, tangibility,volatilityand firm age are positively and significantly associated with leverage. Furthermore, firm’s profitability has statistically significantnegativeimpact on leverage. Furthermore, we find that we find that firm size, profitability, tangibility, volatility and firm age are the robust determinants of leverage of Chinese listed firms.
Leisure Loyalty: The Role of Involvement and Constraints
Authors: Eskiler Ersin , Yilmaz Furkan , Cakmak Gokhan
Published: November 2018

Although the effect of leisure constraints and involvement on loyalty has drawn attention in recent years, there are a limited number of studies for bicycle users. For this purpose, we investigated a) the main constraints for enrolled university students and the level of loyalty, b) the impact of perceived constraints on bicycle use c) the relationships between variables (leisure constraints, involvement, and loyalty) in the present study. This study consisted of 498 (289 female and 209 male) university students. When the main constraints of university students’ participation were examined, the highest constraints average scores were determined as "infrastructure", "laws and legislation" and "physical and economic" constraints, respectively. The regression analysis demonstrated that bicycle constraints significantly influenced both leisure involvement and loyalty. Besides, the sub-dimension attraction and self-expression of involvement significantly affected participation loyalty. In conclusion, these results suggest that marketing strategies could be improved to strengthen leisure involvement and to minimize constraints in order to increase loyalty.
High Frequency of MYD88 L265P Mutation in Primary Ocular Adnexal Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Its Clinicopathologic Correlation: A Study From a Single Institution
Authors: Behdad Amir , Zhou Xiao Yi , Gao Juehua , Raparia Kirtee , Dittman David , Green Stefan J. , Qi Chao , Betz Bryan , Bryar Paul , Chen Qing , Chen Yi-Hua
Published: November 2018

Context.—

The pathogenesis of primary ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphoma (POAMZL) remains unclear. The reported associations with Chlamydia psittaci infection and MYD88 mutations are highly variable.

Objective.—

To examine MYD88 L265P mutation in ocular marginal zone lymphomas and correlate with clinicopathologic features and Chlamydia infection.

Design.—

Presence of MYD88 L265P mutation and Chlamydia infection in lymphoma was analyzed by using sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.

Results.—

The MYD88 L265P mutation was identified in 8 of 22 POAMZLs (36%), including 2 of 3 cases in which PCR failed to detect clonal IGH gene rearrangement; none of the 4 secondary marginal zone lymphomas were positive. Test results for Chlamydia were negative in all cases. Patients with and without the MYD88 mutation had similar clinicopathologic features.

Conclusions.—

The MYD88 mutational analysis provides important information in diagnostic workup of POAMZL. The frequent MYD88 mutation suggests a critical role of this aberration in the pathogenesis of POAMZL and may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with progressive disease.
Recommended nitrogen fertilization enhances soil carbon sequestration in China’s monsoonal temperate zone
Authors: Jin Shaofei
Published: November 2018

China consumes more than one-third of the world’s nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and an increasing amount of N fertilizer has been applied over the past decades. Although N fertilization can increase the carbon sequestration potentials of cropland in China, the quantitative effects of different N fertilizer application levels on soil carbon changes have not been evaluated. Therefore, a 12-year cultivation experiment was conducted under three N fertilizer application levels (no N fertilizer input, the recommended N fertilizer input after soil testing, and the estimated additional fertilizer input) to estimate the effect of N addition on soil carbon changes in the root layer (0–80 cm) and non-root layer (80–200 cm) using a within-study meta-analysis method. The results showed significant declines in the soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in the root layers and significant growth in the SIC in the non-root layers under N fertilizer input. The soil organic carbon (SOC) in the root layers and the non-root layer significantly decreased under all the treatments. In addition, the recommended N fertilizer application level significantly increased the SOC and soil total carbon stocks compared with the future N fertilizer application level and no N input, while the future N fertilization significantly decreased the SIC and soil total carbon compared with no N input. The results suggest that N fertilization can rearrange the soil carbon distribution over the entire soil profile, and the recommended N fertilization rather than excess N input can increase the soil carbon stock, which suggests that the national soil testing program in China can improve the soil carbon sequestration potential.
Profils ethnolinguistique et de santé mentale de jeunes étudiantes et étudiants d’un établissement d’enseignement postsecondaire francophone en contexte minoritaire dans l’Ouest canadien
Authors: Gueye Ndeye Rokhaya , de Moissac Danielle , Touchette Alexie
Published: November 2018

Le présent article décrit le lien entre la santé mentale et l’identité ethnolinguistique des étudiantes et étudiants d’un établissement d’enseignement postsecondaire francophone en contexte linguistique minoritaire dans l’Ouest canadien. Dans l’ensemble, les Franco-Manitobains affichaient une forte identité ethnolinguistique et une meilleure santé mentale. En revanche, les francophones d’un autre pays étaient plus à risque d’éprouver un problème de santé mentale, et ce, malgré une forte identité ethnolinguistique. À l’évidence, pour ces étudiantes et étudiants et ceux d’origine canadienne anglophone, l’identité ethnolinguistique est positivement associée à la santé mentale et devrait donc être considérée de façon plus spécifique au moment de l’élaboration des stratégies de promotion de la santé mentale destinées aux établissements d’enseignement postsecondaire canadiens.
Alternative Non‐AgrobacteriumBased Methods for Plant Transformation
Authors: Rathore Dheeraj S. , Mullins Ewen
Published: November 2018

Plant breeding continues to play a crucial role in generating crops fit for purpose to tackle the increasing number of a biotic stressors that farmers face. While the majority of engineered varieties have been and continue to be generated through the use ofAgrobacterium tumefaciensviaAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation (AMT), more recently, the potential of non‐Agrobacteriumsystems is coming to the fore, specifically in regard to rhizobia such asEnsifer adhaerens,Ochrobactrum haywardense, Rhizobium etli, and the collective of strains termed Transbacter™. This article reviews the landscapes of non‐Agrobacteriumspecies from the perspective of crop improvement, highlighting the mechanisms they use to manipulate host genomes as the basis for their possible transinfection strategies. Recruiting enhanced versions of these non‐Agrobacteriumstrains empowered with stealthy mechanisms to deliver DNA/proteins into plant cells provides the potential to make a positive contribution to enhancing existing breeding programmes.
USPSTF: Not enough evidence for teens, but adults should be screened for alcohol
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2018

Last week, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) came out with its recommendations for alcohol screening, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The article, “Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement,” updated the organization's 2013 recommendations, mainly changing the screening term from “alcohol misuse” to “unhealthy alcohol use.” The task force, which is nonfederal, said the evidence supports screening and brief behavioral counseling for unhealthy alcohol use in adults, but that the evidence for screening and brief behavioral counseling in adolescents was insufficient.
Functionally Gradient Coating of Aluminum Alloy via In Situ Arc Surface Nitriding with Subsequent Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Meng Xiangchen , Huang Yongxian , Liu Shuai , Xie Yuming , Li Junchen , Zhou Li
Published: November 2018

Functionally gradient coating on the AA6082‐T6 substrate is successfully fabricated to improve the wear resistance via in situ arc surface nitriding with subsequent friction stir processing. Under the thermal effect of the arc, the nitrogen is ionized and acutely reacted with the liquid Al, achieving a 600 µm thick nitriding coating. The severe stirring smashes the nitride dendrites into small particles and attribute to the dispersion strengthening layer, which obtains the functionally gradient coating with the microhardness ranging from 140 to 90 Hv. The dispersion strengthening of the refined AlN particles increases the lubricating effect, and decreases the coefficient of friction from 0.5 to 0.15. The wear track and depth of the functionally gradient coating is wider and shallower compared with the AA6082‐T6 substrate. The functionally gradient coating transforms the adhesive wear of the AA6082‐T6 substrate to the abrasive wear, and then improves the wear resistance significantly. These findings demonstrate that the strategy to construct a functionally gradient coating remarkably improves the wear resistance, which satisfies the applications in the fields of aerospace and automotive.
Broadband Defects Emission and Enhanced Ligand Raman Scattering in 0D Cs3Bi2I9 Colloidal Nanocrystals
Authors: Paternò Giuseppe M. , Mishra Nimai , Barker Alex J. , Dang Zhiya , Lanzani Guglielmo , Manna Liberato , Petrozza Annamaria
Published: November 2018

Excitonic 0D and 2D lead‐halide perovskites have been recently developed and investigated as new materials for light generation. Here broadband (>1 eV) emission from newly synthesized 0D lead‐free colloidal Cs3Bi2I9 nanocrystals (NCs) is reported. The nature of their emissive states as well as the relative dynamics which are currently hotly debated are investigated. In particular, it is found that the broadband emission is made by the coexistence of emissive excitons and sub‐bandgap emissive trap‐states. Remarkably, evidence of enhanced Raman scattering from the ligands is observed when attached to the NCs surface, an effect that is preliminarily attributed to strong exciton‐ligands electronic coupling in these systems.
Exfoliated Layered Manganese Trichalcogenide Phosphite (MnPX3, X = S, Se) as Electrocatalytic van der Waals Materials for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2018

Layered metal trichalcogen phosphites, also entitled as metal phosphorus chalcogenides (MPX3), have regained abundant interest, not only due to their magnetic properties, but also due to promising performances in energy storage and conversion. Herein, two different layered manganese trichalcogen phosphites, MnPX3 (X = S, Se), are synthetized and submitted to shear force exfoliation. Structural and morphological characterization point to the fact that exfoliated MPX3 (exf‐MnPX3) undergo mainly a downsizing process, alongside with delamination. Layered exf‐MnPSe3 has the lowest onset potential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in both media. In acidic media, a comparative improvement of 350 mV is observed for exf‐MnPSe3 relative to the bulk MnPSe3. The materials stability as electrocatalysts is also tested for HER in a wide pH range, in which exf‐MnPSe3 has a good stability after 100 cycles. The improved performance of exf‐MnPSe3 can be correlated with the lower relative abundance of Mn and P oxides detected in the Mn 2p and P 2p core levels. Such materials show a great promise for future in a hydrogen‐based economy.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Boosts Smart Green Tires
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Cao Xia , Zou Jingdian , Ma Yong , Wu Xiaohui , Sun Chongzhi , Li Mei , Wang Ning , Wang Zhonglin , Zhang Liqun
Published: November 2018

Tires are important parts in creating a great transportation system because they can significantly improve the overall system safety and fuel/power efficiency. The latter is especially important for the mileage of electric vehicles due to the limited electrical storage capacity. Here, green energy tires are designed by incorporating silica tread rubber with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). On the one hand, the silica‐based tread compound sharply cuts off the rolling resistance, improves fuel efficiency and reduces CO2 emissions, and provides all‐around traction without compromising braking. On the other hand, TENG converts frictional energy into electricity without changing the process of traditional tire production, which is able to be used for powering the electronics for automobile safety and automeasuring of tire pressure. The most important point lies in that TENG helps harness static electricity, which at present hinders the large‐scale application of silica‐filled green tires. Interestingly, it is also able to measure tire pressure and road condition from the changes in the output electrical signals, which thus leads to the smart applications of green energy tire in road/tire condition monitoring.
Rollable, Stretchable, and Reconfigurable Graphene Hygroelectric Generators
Authors: Yang Ce , Huang Yaxin , Cheng Huhu , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti
Published: November 2018

Moisture‐triggered electricity generation has attracted much attention because of the effective utilization of the water‐molecule diffusion process widely existing in atmosphere. However, the monotonous and rigid structures of previously developed generators have heavily restricted their applications in complex and highly deformable working conditions. Herein, by a rational configuration design with a versatile laser processing strategy, graphene‐based hygroelectric generators (GHEGs) of sophisticated architectures with diversified functions such as rollable, stretchable, and even multidimensional transformation are achieved for the first time. More importantly, a wide range of 3D deformable generators that can automatically assemble and transform from planar geometries into spacial architectures are also successfully fabricated, including cubic boxes, pyramids, Miura‐ori, and footballs. These GHEGs demonstrate excellent electricity‐generation performance in curling and elongating states. The generated voltages are easily up to 1.5 V under humidity variation in atmosphere, powering a variety of commercial electronic components. These deformable GHEGs can be applied on complicated surfaces, human bodies, and many more beyond those demonstrated in this work.
Synthesis of Heteroaryl Triazenes via Rh(III)‐catalyzed Annulation Reactions with Alkynyl Triazenes
Authors: Wezeman Tim , Scopelliti Rosario , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Severin Kay
Published: November 2018

A synthetic route towards polycyclic heteroaryl triazenes has been developed. Alkynyl triazenes were coupled to phenyl‐substituted indoles, imidazoles and sydnones via rhodium‐catalyzed double C−H or C−H/N−H activation reactions. The oxidative annulations gave triazenes connected to imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoline, indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and sydnone‐quinoline scaffolds in moderate to excellent yields. The triazene‐bearing fused sydnone‐quinolines were used for subsequent orthogonal transformations. The sydnone moiety allowed for post‐functionalization via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions in excellent yields, and the triazene group can be substituted by a range of functional groups.

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A Simple Transformation of 1‐(Isoxazol‐3‐yl)ureas to 5‐(2‐oxoalkyl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones through Base‐Promoted Boulton‐Katritzky Rearrangement
Authors: Liu Jisheng , Chen Chen , Kotagiri Rajendraprasad , Yang Wenqiang , Cai Qian
Published: November 2018

2,4‐Dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones are a class of biologically important heterocycles. A novel and simple synthesis of such structures is developed. The method is through a base‐promoted Boulton‐Katritzky‐type rearrangement of 1‐(isoxazol‐3‐yl)ureas and is highly efficient for the formation of 2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ones.

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Circular RNA circNOL10 Inhibits Lung Cancer Development by Promoting SCLM1‐Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of the Humanin Polypeptide Family
Authors: Nan Aruo , Chen Lijian , Zhang Nan , Jia Yangyang , Li Xin , Zhou Hanyu , Ling Yihui , Wang Zhishan , Yang Chengfeng , Liu Sijin , Jiang Yiguo
Published: November 2018

circNOL10 is a circular RNA expressed at low levels in lung cancer, though its functions in lung cancer remain unknown. Here, the function and molecular mechanism of circNOL10 in lung cancer development are investigated using in vitro and in vivo studies, and it is shown that circNOL10 significantly inhibits the development of lung cancer and that circNOL10 expression is co‐regulated by methylation of its parental gene Pre‐NOL10 and by splicing factor epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1). circNOL10 promotes the expression of transcription factor sex comb on midleg‐like 1 (SCML1) by inhibiting transcription factor ubiquitination and thus also affects regulation of the humanin (HN) polypeptide family by SCML1. circNOL10 also affects mitochondrial function through regulating the humanin polypeptide family and affecting multiple signaling pathways, ultimately inhibiting cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, and promoting the apoptosis of lung cancer cells, thereby inhibiting lung cancer development. This study investigates the functions and molecular mechanisms of circNOL10 in the development of lung cancer and reveals its involvement in the transcriptional regulation of the HN polypeptide family by SCML1. The results also demonstrate the inhibitory effect of HN on lung cancer cells growth. These findings may identify novel targets for the molecular therapy of lung cancer.
Investigation of the Eightwise Switching Mechanism and Its Suppression in SrTiO3 Modulated by Humidity and Interchanged Top and Bottom Platinum and LaNiO3 Electrode Contacts
Authors: Sediva Eva , Bowman William J. , Gonzalez‐Rosillo Juan Carlos , Rupp Jennifer L. M.
Published: November 2018

Memristive devices are hardware components for applications in neuromorphic computing, memories, and logic computation. This work contributes to the ongoing debate on the switching mechanism of eightwise polarity in SrTiO3‐based resistive switches. Specifically the effect of atmospheric humidity on the materials defect chemistry and switching properties is considered. Asymmetric devices are designed by exchanging the top and bottom positions of Pt and LaNiO3 electrodes allowing for a separate analysis of the top and the bottom metal‐oxide interfaces. Under dry atmospheres the switching hysteresis is enhanced with a top Pt contact and suppressed with a bottom Pt contact. It is argued that the buried position and dense microstructure of the bottom platinum impedes an oxygen vacancy driven switching mechanism. Under humid atmospheres eightwise switching occurs in both devices suggesting the presence of two switching mechanisms within the same eightwise switching polarity, namely, oxygen vacancy and hydroxide ion enabled switching. The findings help develop strategies to suppress eightwise switching by burying the active metal‐oxide interface and ensuring dense electrode microstructures. Suppression of switching mechanisms relying on exchange with the environment is desirable for technological implementation of resistive switches and for strategies in stacking of memristive devices for memory and for neuromorphic hardware.