bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Indonesian Cyber Diplomacy: ASEAN-Japan Online Cyber Exercise
Authors: Saputri Dessy Permatasari , Surryanto D. W.  , Helda Risman
Published: September 2020

The development of information and communication technology is growing both globally and regionally making it easier for everyone to access all information and communicate without knowing the limits even though many benefits can be obtained. The reality, in turn, gives a negative impact such as personal crime, theft, and data falsification to attack systems or forms of state infrastructure. Cyber threats that occur in Indonesia include racial riots in 1998 which Indonesia had to fight with hackers from China and Taiwan. Besides, the Indonesian government must also face espionage that done by Australia through its representative building in Jakarta. Therefore, cooperation is needed through the defense diplomacy process as a way to deal with all forms of cyber threats in Indonesia called cyber diplomacy. This study uses qualitative research methods through library research intending to analyze concepts and descriptions of cyber diplomacy. Cyber diplomacy conducted by Indonesia is involvement through the ASEAN-Japan Online Cyber Exercise program which is still at the level of developing the skills of cyber personnel but has not touched on the policy domain to regulate program development. Then there needs to be further development by bringing this program to the ADMM forum.
The right to dividends – Can the associates still obtain them in case of the judicial dissolution of the company?
Authors: Stoican Andreea
Published: September 2020

The issue of the distribution of the dividends, if refered only to what they represent, should not present uncertainties. Yet, the dividends, defined as a part of the profit of a company that belongs to each shareholder at the end of each fiscal year, in relation to the shares he owns, can raise new question under many aspects, not only regarding the moment from which they can be requested, or the person they belong to in case of transfer of shares (aspects to which the legal literature has already brought answers to), but also regarding their situation in case of dissolution of the company.  As such, what we refer to in the current study is the possibility or not for the shareholders to exercise the right to dividends in case of a judicial dissolution of the company.
The Environmental law of the Kurdistan Region, and its compatibility with international principles of environmental policies
Authors: Salam Abdulqadir Abdulrahman
Published: September 2020

Environmental problems in Iraqi Kurdistan Region have been growing over the past two decades, and the regional government has responded by issuing legislation and regulation. This paper reviews the Kurdistan Regional environmental laws, and evaluates them against the international principles of environmental policies. It finds that the laws have incompatibility with the principles to varying degrees. The paper suggests that incorporating these principles into the environmental laws is necessary so as to have a just, participatory and precautionary environmental policy and a sustainable economy. The paper also looks at some environmental problems on the ground to further clarify the matter.
Minusca on its Mandate
Authors: Setyawati Amelia , Risman Helda , D.W Surryanto
Published: September 2020

Since independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic (CAR) has never been free from conflict. Almost every turn of CAR leader begins with a coup d’etat. Resistance from the Seleka and Anti-Balaka rebel groups emerged and exacerbated the situation in CAR. The conflict that was originally an opposition-government conflict developed into a religious conflict. So the question arises regarding the efforts and involvement of third parties in maintaining peace in the CAR. The UN Security Council permits the spread of UN peacekeeping operations through The UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) on 10 April 2014 by protecting civilians as a top priority. The focus of this article is to analyze MINUSCA in carrying out its mandate in CAR. This article is analyzed with role theory and conflict theory. The data used in analyzing this article is secondary data. The data is obtained from books, scientific journals, dissertations or theses, official documents, and the internet. The results in this article find that the role played by MINUSCA in the CAR Conflict is as a peace facilitator. While carrying out their duties, MINUSCA plays a role in the protection of CAR civilians and the development of troop personnel in order to increase the effectiveness of missions in the CAR in order to create a peaceful and safe environment.
The Genealogy of Bram Stoker's Dracula
Authors: Aygun Ahmet Anil
Published: September 2020

British author of Irish origin, Bram Stoker’s gothic horror novel, Dracula is the most reputed and popular example of the vampire literature that first emerged in seventeenth-century poetry. The first of the two key concepts that this thesis analyzes is the concept of “meme”, which was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, that can be defined as a thought, symbol or application transmitted from one individual to another via oral, written and visual methods and means of communication within a culture, replicates itself, transforms, responds to selective pressures, and the second concept is the memetic evolution of the vampire into the character, Dracula by Bram Stoker in Romantic ballads and Victorian horror narratives within the context of  Evolutionary Literary Criticism which was theorized by Professor Joseph Carroll. In this regard, the qualities of the vampire phenotype that the Dracula meme inherited some qualities from its antecedent works of vampire fiction through memetic heredity, setting and plot are examined, and the evolutionary process that literary vampire predecessor had undergone towards the Transylvanian, aristocratic, seductive, stereotypical vampire. Finally, in the appendix, the prequels, sequels, and spin-offs of Dracula to demonstrate that the Dracula meme has survived and thrived notwithstanding over a century after its first publication and the selective pressures, and subsist by copying itself.
Quo vadis, Domine?
Authors: Szabolcsi Robert
Published: September 2020

The recent day pandemic events and its consequences in the global world famous for collapsing good many old values and routines forces scientists and scholars to find out what to say in response. Some scientists gave a formula, which is funny for the first hearing, leaning on Baron Münchhausen's unbelievable narratives, when he pulls himself out of a mire by his own hair. The global shock hitting the world washed out numerous old routines, old solutions, old methods and old tools, however, still there are only few existing answers and only first steps made how to get out from the mire. The purpose of the author is to trigger, to help and to support thinking about the path leading to something new, which is still unknown, having few weakened pillars only, and focusing on the support higher education can establish in this battle.
Analysing the role of National Women Entrepreneurship Council in promoting entrepreneurial culture in Mauritius
Authors: Roopchund Randhir
Published: September 2020

The current study is presented as a Case study to analyse the role of the National Women Entrepreneurship Council in promoting and developing an effective entrepreneurial culture in Mauritius. The NWEC is a parastatal body working under the aegis of the Ministry of Gender, Child Development and Family Welfare. The case study seeks to provide an insight on the overall role and functions and challenges faced by the organisation to promote female entrepreneurship. The research approach is qualitative using content analysis and multi-case methods with interviews to analyse the effectiveness of the institution. The case study will be of great significance to different stakeholders including the Ministry of Gender, the women entrepreneurs and other NGOs which are actively participating to reduce gender inequality
Atmospheric mercury in the Southern Hemisphere – Part 2: Source apportionment analysis at Cape Point station, South Africa
Authors: Bieser Johannes , Angot Hélène , Slemr Franz , Martin Lynwill
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) contamination is ubiquitous. In order to assess its emissions,
transport, atmospheric reactivity, and deposition pathways, worldwide Hg
monitoring has been implemented over the past 10–20 years, albeit with only
a few stations in the Southern Hemisphere. Consequently, little is known about
the relative contribution of marine and terrestrial Hg sources, which is
important in the context of growing interest in effectiveness evaluation of
Hg mitigation policies. This paper constitutes Part 2 of the study
describing a decade of atmospheric Hg concentrations at Cape Point, South
Africa, i.e. the first long-term (> 10 years) observations in the
Southern Hemisphere. Building on the trend analysis reported in Part 1, here
we combine atmospheric Hg data with a trajectory model to investigate
sources and sinks of Hg at Cape Point. We find that the continent is the
major sink, and the ocean, especially its warm regions (i.e. the Agulhas
Current), is the major source for Hg. Further, we find that mercury concentrations and trends from long-range
transport are independent of the source region (e.g. South America,
Antarctica) and thus indistinguishable. Therefore, by filtering out air
masses from source and sink regions we are able to create a dataset
representing a southern hemispheric background Hg concentrations. Based on
this dataset, we were able to show that the interannual variability in Hg
concentrations at Cape Point is not driven by changes in atmospheric
circulation but rather due to changes in global emissions (gold mining and
biomass burning).
Identifying and Quantifying Source Contributions of Air Quality Contaminants during Unconventional Shale Gas Extraction
Authors: Orak Nur H. , Reeder Matthew , Pekney Natalie J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The United States experienced a sharp increase in unconventional natural gas (UNG) development due to the technological development of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of unconventional natural gas development activities on local air quality as observed at an active Marcellus Shale well pad at the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) in Morgantown, Western Virginia, USA. Using an ambient air monitoring laboratory, continuous sampling started in September 2015 during horizontal drilling and ended in February 2016 when wells were in production. High resolution data were collected for the following air quality contaminants: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon dioxide, (CO2), as well as typical meteorological parameters (wind speed/direction, temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), a multivariate factor analysis tool, was used to identify possible sources of these pollutants (factor profiles) and determine the contribution of those sources to the air quality at the site. The results of the PMF analysis for well pad development phases indicate that there are three potential factor profiles impacting air quality at the site: natural gas, regional transport/photochemistry, and engine emissions. There is a significant contribution of pollutants during horizontal drilling stage to natural gas factor. The model outcomes show that there is an increasing contribution to engine emission factor over different well pad drilling through production phases. Moreover, model results suggest that the major contributions to the regional transport/photochemistry factor occurred during horizontal drilling and drillout stages.
Towards accurate and practical drone-based wind measurements with an ultrasonic anemometer
Authors: Thielicke William , Hübert Waldemar , Müller Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Wind data collection in the atmospheric boundary layer benefits from short term wind speed measurements using unmanned aerial vehicles. Fixed and rotary wing devices with diverse anemometer technology have been used in the past to provide such data, but the accuracy still has the potential to be increased. We developed a light weight drone (weight including sensor  45 min) for carrying an industry standard precision sonic anemometer. Accuracy tests have been performed with the isolated anemometer at high tilt angles in a calibration wind tunnel, with the drone flying in a large wind tunnel, and with the full system flying at different heights next to a bistatic lidar reference. The propeller-induced flow deflects the air to some extent, but this effect is compensated effectively. Our data fusion shows no signs of crosstalk between ground speed and wind speed. When compared with the bistatic lidar in very turbulent conditions, with 10 seconds averaging interval and with the UAV constantly circling around the measurement volume of the lidar reference, wind speed measurements have an average absolute bias of 1.9 % (0.073 m s−1), wind elevation average absolute bias is 0.5°, and wind azimuth average absolute bias is 1.5°, indicating excellent accuracy under challenging and dynamic conditions. The system was finally flown in the wake of a wind turbine, successfully measuring the spatial velocity deficit distribution during forward flight, yielding results that are in very close agreement to lidar measurements and the theoretical distribution. We believe that the results presented in this paper can provide important information for designing flying systems for precise air speed measurements either for short duration at multiple locations (battery powered) or for long duration at a single location (power supplied via cable). UAVs that are able to accurately measure three-dimensional wind might be used as cost effective and flexible addition to measurement masts and lidar scans.
Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol size distribution parameters using SAGE-III/ISS extinction measurements at three wavelengths
Authors: Wrana Felix , von Savigny Christian , Zalach Jacob , Thomason Larry W.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In this work a novel approach to determine the particle size distribution (PSD) parameters of stratospheric sulfate aerosols is presented. For this, ratios of extinction coefficients obtained from SAGE III/ISS solar occultation measurements at 449 nm, 756 nm and 1544 nm were used to retrieve the mode width and median radius of a size distribution assumed to be monomodal lognormal. The estimated errors at the peak of the stratospheric aerosol layer on average lie between 20 % and 25 % for the median radius and 5 % and 7 % for the mode width. The results are consistent in magnitude with other retrieval results from the literature, but a robust comparison is difficult, mainly because of differences in temporal and spatial coverage. Other quantities like number density and effective radius were also calculated. A major advantage of the described method over other retrieval techniques is that both the median radius and the mode width can be retrieved simultaneously, without having to assume one of them, due to the broad wavelength spectrum covered by the SAGE III/ISS measurements. Also the extinction coefficients from SAGE III/ISS solar occultation measurements, on which the retrieval is based, are calculated without a priori assumptions about the PSD. For those reasons, the data produced with the presented retrieval technique may be a valuable contribution to better understand the variability of stratospheric aerosol size distributions, e.g. after volcanic eruptions. While this study focuses on describing the retrieval method and a future study will discuss the PSD parameter data set produced in depth, some exemplary results for background conditions in June 2017 are shown.
A comparison of three optical absorption photometers at a boreal forest site – effects of different correction algorithms
Authors: Luoma Krista , Virkkula Aki , Aalto Pasi , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We present a comparison of three absorption photometers that measured the absorption coefficient (σabs) of ambient aerosol particles in 2012–2017 at SMEAR II, a measurement station located in a boreal forest in southern Finland. The comparison included an Aethalometer (AE31), a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), and a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP). These optical instruments measured particles collected on a filter, which is a source for systematic errors, since in addition to the particles, also the filter fibers interact with the radiation. To overcome this problem, several algorithms have been suggested to correct the data measured by the AE31 and the PSAP. Our aim is to study how the different correction algorithms affected the derived optical properties. We applied different correction algorithms to the AE31 and PSAP data, and compared the results against the reference measurements conducted by the MAAP. The comparison between the MAAP and AE31 resulted to a multiple scattering correction factor (Cref) used in the AE31 correction algorithms to compensate for the scattering by the filter fibers. The Cref varies between different environments, and our results are applicable for measurements conducted in a boreal environment. We observed a clear seasonal cycle of Cref, which was probably due to the variations in aerosol optical properties, such as the backscatter fraction and single-scattering albedo, and also due to the variations in the relative humidity (RH) even though the RH in the instruments were kept below 40 %. The results showed that the filter measurement methods seemed to be rather sensitive to the RH even if the RH was below the recommended value of 40 %. The instruments correlated well (R ≈ 0.98) but the slopes of the regression lines varied between the instruments and correction algorithms: compared to MAAP, the AE31 underestimated the σabs (the slopes varied between 0.93–0.97) and the PSAP overestimated the σabs (the slopes varied between 1.07–1.24). The instruments and correction algorithms had a notable influence on the absorption Ångström exponent: the median absorption Ångström exponent varied between 0.93–1.54 for the different algorithms and instruments.
Unravelling the physical and physiological basis for the solar-induced
chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis relationship
Authors: Yang Peiqi , Van der Tol Christiaan , Campbell Petya K. E. , Middleton Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Estimates of the gross terrestrial carbon uptake exhibit large uncertainties. Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has an apparent near-linear relationship with gross primary production (GPP). This relationship will potentially facilitate the monitoring of photosynthesis from space. However, the exact mechanistic connection between SIF and GPP is still not clear. To explore the physical and physiological basis for their relationship, we used a unique dataset comprising continuous field measurements of leaf and canopy fluorescence and photosynthesis of corn over a growing season. We found that, at canopy scale, the positive relationship between SIF and GPP was dominated by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), which was equally affected by variations in incoming radiation and changes in canopy structure. After statistically controlling these underlying physical effects, the remaining correlation between far-red SIF and GPP due solely to the functional link between fluorescence and photosynthesis at the photochemical level was much weaker. Active leaf-level fluorescence measurements revealed a moderate correlation between the efficiencies of fluorescence emission and photochemistry for sunlit leaves but a weak correlation for shaded leaves. Differentiating sunlit and shaded leaves in the light use efficiency (LUE) models for SIF and GPP facilitates a better understanding of the SIF-GPP relationship at different environmental and canopy conditions. Leaf-level fluorescence measurements also demonstrated that the sustained thermal dissipation efficiency dominated the seasonal energy partitioning while the reversible heat dissipation dominated the diurnal leaf energy partitioning. These diurnal and seasonal variations in heat dissipation underlie, and are thus responsible for, the observed remote sensing-based link between far-red SIF and GPP.
Effect of water depth, Inlet water temperature, and fins on the productivity of a pyramid solar still – An experimental study
Authors: Al-Abed Allah Malik Yousef , Abu Abbas Mohammad Omar
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Many approaches are using to improve the productivity of the pyramid solar still. Pyramid solar still provides a larger surface area than conventional types of solar still. In this research work, three sections have been evaluated. The first section has been studied by changing the water depth from 1 to 5 cm. In the second part of the experiment, increasing the inlet water temperature has been investigated, and finally, adding fins at the bottom of the still at certain inlet water depth has been achieved. The experimental results show that the still productivity could be influenced by the basin depth by up to 40.6 % when varying water depth from 1 to 5 cm, The freshwater production from the pyramid solar still was 1230.5, 1045, 998, 901, and 731 mL for the water depth from 1 to 5 cm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that productivity increased by 7.5 % when fins were used at the bottom of the pyramid solar still. In addition, the results showed that the still productivity could be influenced by varying inlet water temperature to 15.3 % and 21.2 % when varying the inlet water temperature from 30 °C to 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively.
Isoscape of amount-weighted annual mean precipitation tritium (3H) activity from 1976 to 2017 for the Adriatic–Pannonian region – AP3H_v1 database
Authors: Kern Zoltán , Erdélyi Dániel , Vreča Polona , Krajcar Bronić Ines , Fórizs István , Kanduč Tjaša , Štrok Marko , Palcsu László , Süveges Miklós , Czuppon György , Kohán Balázs , Gábor Hatvani István
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Tritium (3H) as a constituent of the water molecule is an
important natural tracer in hydrological sciences. The anthropogenic tritium
introduced into the atmosphere unintentionally became an excellent tracer of
processes on a time scale of up to 100 years. A prerequisite for tritium
applications is to know the distribution of tritium activity in
precipitation. Here we present a database of isoscapes derived from 41
stations for amount-weighted annual mean tritium activity in precipitation
for the period 1976 to 2017 on spatially continuous interpolated 1 km×1 km grids for the Adriatic–Pannonian region (called the AP3H_v1 database), with a special focus on post-2010
years, which are not represented by existing global models. Five stations
were used for out-of-sample evaluation of the model performance,
independently confirming its capability of reproducing the spatiotemporal
tritium variability in the region. The AP3H database is capable of
providing reliable spatiotemporal input for hydrogeological application at
any place within Slovenia, Hungary, and their surroundings. Results also show a
decrease in the average spatial representativity of the stations regarding
tritium activity in precipitation from ∼440 km in 1970s, when
bomb tritium still prevailed in precipitation, to ∼235 km in the 2010s. The post-2010 isoscapes can serve as benchmarks for
background tritium activity for the region, helping to determine potential
future local increases in technogenic tritium from these backgrounds. The
gridded tritium isoscape is available in NetCDF-4 at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896938 (Kern et al., 2019).
WFDE5: bias-adjusted ERA5 reanalysis data for impact studies
Authors: Cucchi Marco , Weedon Graham P. , Amici Alessandro , Bellouin Nicolas , Lange Stefan , Müller Schmied Hannes , Hersbach Hans , Buontempo Carlo
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The WFDE5 dataset has been generated using the WATCH Forcing Data (WFD) methodology applied to surface meteorological variables from the ERA5 reanalysis. The WFDEI dataset had previously been generated by applying the WFD methodology to ERA-Interim. The WFDE5 is provided at 0.5∘ spatial resolution but has higher temporal resolution (hourly) compared to WFDEI (3-hourly). It also has higher spatial variability since it was generated by aggregation of the higher-resolution ERA5 rather than by interpolation of the lower-resolution ERA-Interim data. Evaluation against meteorological observations at 13 globally distributed FLUXNET2015 sites shows that, on average, WFDE5 has lower mean absolute error and higher correlation than WFDEI for all variables. Bias-adjusted monthly precipitation totals of WFDE5 result in more plausible global hydrological water balance components when analysed in an uncalibrated hydrological model (WaterGAP) than with the use of raw ERA5 data for model forcing. The dataset, which can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.20d54e34 (C3S, 2020b), is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) through its Climate Data Store (CDS, C3S, 2020a) and currently spans from the start of January 1979 to the end of 2018. The dataset has been produced using a number of CDS Toolbox applications, whose source code is available with the data – allowing users to regenerate part of the dataset or apply the same approach to other data. Future updates are expected spanning from 1950 to the most recent year. A sample of the complete dataset, which covers the whole of the year 2016, is accessible without registration to the CDS at https://doi.org/10.21957/935p-cj60 (Cucchi et al., 2020).
Predicting the morphology of ice particles in deep convection using the super-droplet method: development and evaluation of SCALE-SDM 0.2.5-2.2.0, -2.2.1, and -2.2.2
Authors: Shima Shin-ichiro , Sato Yousuke , Hashimoto Akihiro , Misumi Ryohei
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The super-droplet method (SDM) is a particle-based numerical scheme
that enables accurate cloud microphysics simulation with lower
computational demand than multi-dimensional bin schemes.
Using SDM, a detailed numerical model of
mixed-phase clouds is developed in which ice
morphologies are explicitly predicted without assuming ice categories
or mass–dimension relationships. Ice particles are approximated using
porous spheroids. The elementary cloud microphysics processes considered are advection and sedimentation; immersion/condensation
and homogeneous freezing; melting; condensation and evaporation
including cloud condensation nuclei activation and deactivation;
deposition and sublimation; and coalescence, riming, and aggregation.
To evaluate the model's performance, a 2-D large-eddy simulation of a
cumulonimbus was conducted, and the life cycle of a cumulonimbus typically
observed in nature was successfully reproduced. The mass–dimension and
velocity–dimension relationships the model predicted show a
reasonable agreement with existing formulas. Numerical
convergence is achieved at a super-particle number concentration as
low as 128 per cell, which consumes 30 times more
computational time than a two-moment bulk model. Although the model still has room
for improvement, these results strongly support the efficacy of
the particle-based modeling methodology to simulate
mixed-phase clouds.
Rainfall-runoff processes in the Loess Plateau, China: Temporal dynamics of event rainfall-runoff characteristics and diagnostic analysis of runoff generation patterns
Authors: Wu Qiang , Zhang Zhaoxi , Zhang Guodong , Jian Shengqi , Zhang Li , Ran Guang , Zhao Dong , Lv Xizhi , Hu Caihong
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Loess Plateau is the most erosion-prone area in China, while under large-scale ecological restoration runoff and sediments continue to decrease. This study examined the runoff generation mechanism at the catchment scale to understand the change in runoff generation. Six baseflow used to separation method were tested and the nonparametric simple smoothing method was seperating base flow. With the event runoff separation procedure, 340 rainfall–runoff events are selected in five typical catchments affected by significant human intervention in the Loess Plateau. Runoff characteristics, such as the event runoff coefficient, time scale, rise time, and peak discharge are studied on monthly and long-term scales. In catchments of Jialuhe, Chabagou and Gushanchuan with poor vegetation runoff response is strongly decided by rainfall intensity and is produced by Horton overland flow (HOF). While the mountainous catchments of Jingle and Zulihe runoff response is controlled by rainfall volume. The relation between runoff event characteristics and rainfall is complicated in Loess Plateau, where rainfall and underlying surface is significantly changing. The monthly of event characteristics is mostly controlled by rainfall characteristics. Long-term runoff coefficient experiences decreasing trend, while time scale trend is increasing. Land use changes lead to increasing catchment wetness display mostly strong reason in event characteristic response. According to our proposed framework for classifying dominant runoff generation patterns considering of hydrograph response time, discharge source, and flow paths, HOF runoff is still the dominant mechanism, but gradually shifts to Dunne overland flow (DOF) and combination runoff. We speculate that the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River is likely to be the dominant runoff mechanism changing.
Multi-level storylines for participatory sociohydrological modelling – involving marginalized communities in Tz'olöj Ya', Mayan Guatemala
Authors: Bou Nassar Jessica A. , Malard Julien J. , Adamowski Jan F. , Ramírez Ramírez Marco , Medema Wietske , Tuy Héctor
Published: September 2020

Abstract. New and unconventional sources of data that enhance our understanding of internal interactions between socio-economic and hydrological processes are central to sociohydrological modelling. Participatory modelling (PM) departs from conventional modelling tools by informing and conceptualizing sociohydrological models through stakeholder engagement. However, the implementation of most PM processes remains biased, particularly in regions where marginalized communities are present. Most PM processes are not cognizant of differentiation and diversity within a society and tend to treat communities as homogeneous units with similar capabilities, needs, and interests. This undifferentiation leads to the exclusion of key actors, many of whom are associated with marginalized communities. In this study, a participatory model-building framework (PMBF), aiming to ensure the inclusiveness of marginalized stakeholders – who (1) have low literacy, (2) are comparatively powerless, and/or (3) are associated with a minoritized language – in participatory sociohydrological modelling is proposed. The adopted approach employs interdisciplinary storylines to inform and conceptualize system dynamics-based sociohydrological models. The suggested method is underpinned by the Multi-level Perspective (MLP) framework, which was developed by Geels et al. (2002) to conceptualize socio-technical transitions and modified in this study to accommodate the development of interdisciplinary storylines. A case study was conducted in Atitlán Basin, Guatemala, to understand the relationships that govern the lake's cultural eutrophication problem. This research integrated key stakeholders from the indigenous Mayan community, associated with diverse literacy ranges, and emerging from three different minoritized linguistic backgrounds (Kaqchikel, Tz'utujil, and K'iche'), in the PM activity. The proposed approach facilitated the effective participation of marginalized stakeholders. Moreover, it (1) helped develop an understanding of mechanisms governing the eutrophication of the lake, (2) initiated collaborations between Indigenous and non-indigenous stakeholders, and (3) extracted potential solutions targeting the system’s leverage points. The participatory model-building activity generated three submodules: (1) agriculture, (2) tourism, and (3) environmental awareness. Each submodule contained socioculturally specific mechanisms associated with nutrient discharge to Lake Atitlán. The delineation of such nuanced relationships helps develop well-targeted policies and best management practices. Additionally, the suggested process helped decrease the impact of power imbalances in water resources management and empower community-based decision-making.
Carl Friedrich Gauss and the Gauss Society: a brief overview
Authors: Wittmann Axel D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was one of the most eminent
scientists of all time. He was born in Brunswick, studied in Göttingen, passed his doctoral examination in Helmstedt, and from 1807 until his death, was the director of the Göttingen Astronomical Observatory. As a professor of astronomy, he worked in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, geodesy, and physics, where he made world-famous and lasting contributions. In his honour, and to preserve his memory, the Gauss Society was founded in Göttingen in 1962. The present paper aims to give nonspecialists a brief introduction into the life of Gauss and an introduction into the Gauss Society and its history.
New gravity-derived bathymetry for the Thwaites, Crosson, and Dotson ice shelves revealing two ice shelf populations
Authors: Jordan Tom A. , Porter David , Tinto Kirsty , Millan Romain , Muto Atsuhiro , Hogan Kelly , Larter Robert D. , Graham Alastair G. C. , Paden John D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Ice shelves play a critical role in the long-term
stability of ice sheets through their buttressing effect. The underlying
bathymetry and cavity thickness are key inputs for modelling future ice
sheet evolution. However, direct observation of sub-ice-shelf bathymetry is
time-consuming, logistically risky, and in some areas simply not possible.
Here we use new compilations of airborne and marine gravity, radar depth
sounding, and swath bathymetry to provide new estimates of sub-ice-shelf
bathymetry outboard of the rapidly changing West Antarctic Thwaites Glacier
and beneath the adjacent Dotson and Crosson ice shelves. This region is of
special interest, as the low-lying inland reverse slope of the Thwaites
Glacier system makes it vulnerable to marine ice sheet instability, with
rapid grounding line retreat observed since 1993 suggesting this process may
be underway. Our results confirm a major marine channel >800 m
deep extends tens of kilometres to the front of Thwaites Glacier, while the
adjacent ice shelves are underlain by more complex bathymetry. Comparison of
our new bathymetry with ice shelf draft reveals that ice shelves formed
since 1993 comprise a distinct population where the draft conforms closely
to the underlying bathymetry, unlike the older ice shelves, which show a more
uniform depth of the ice base. This indicates that despite rapid basal
melting in some areas, these recently floated parts of the ice shelf are not
yet in dynamic equilibrium with their retreated grounding line positions and
the underlying ocean system, a factor which must be included in future
models of this region's evolution.
Los comentarios digitales de los usuarios en los periódicos en línea: análisis de la coherencia y la interactividad
Authors: González Manzanero Remei
Published: September 2020

Los comentarios digitales de los usuarios en los periódicos en línea constituyen un género discursivo común en la Comunicación Mediada por Ordenador (CMO). En este artículo, se analiza la práctica discursiva de los comentarios de los usuarios en los periódicos digitales. Particularmente, se parte de un análisis del contexto comunicativo, basado en el modelo Speaking de Dell Hymes (1972) y la hipótesis del modelo sociocognitivo del contexto de Teun van Dijk (1993, 2001). A continuación, se describen las unidades estructurales vinculadas al comentario, en relación con la noción de hipertextualidad, y se examina la superestructura del sitio web de la noticia y del comentario. Finalmente, se analiza la interacción digital a través del sistema de sucesión de turnos y de tipos de intervenciones o movimientos, aplicando el modelo descriptivo de la conversación de Beatriz Gallardo (1996), en un corpus conformado por treinta y seis comentarios en una noticia digital.
Phrasal Discourse Style in Cross-Disciplinary Writing: A Comparison of Phrasal Complexity Features in the Results Sections of Research Articles
Authors: Parviz Muhammed , Jalilifar Alireza , Don Alexanne
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed at exploring how research article writers from two academic disciplines exploit phrasal complexity features (PCFs) to verbalize the results sections of research articles with the eventual aim of assisting advanced EFL writers with their composition strategies. To this end, following a manual search, 200 empirical research articles in the fields of Applied Linguistics and Physics were comparatively examined. Due to the low rate of success of tagging programs in identifying the occurrences of PCFs, the datasets were also manually analyzed. The results revealed that the research article writers drew upon three high-frequency phrasal complexity features, namely, pre-modifying adjectives, post-modifying prepositional phrases, and nominalizations. The study also revealed that the results sections of research articles included different amounts of exceedingly complex patterns of pre-modification, a hybrid of novel appositive structures, and great reliance on hyphenated adjectives. Overall, we believe that these findings can be used to heighten the awareness of academic writers and instructors regarding the linguistic characteristics of academic writing and of the variations of how such phrasal features of compression are constructed in different academic subjects.
Educating Linguistically Handicapped Pupils in Cameroon:Stakes and Challenges
Authors: Bechem Enow Parris Cecilia
Published: September 2020

This paper centres on evaluating the education of linguistically handicapped pupils (deaf) in two specialized institutions in the Southwest region of Cameroon. It is an analysis of the education carried out in specialized institutions for the deaf in providing them with basic education so as to meet the EFA goals and to attain the objectives of development for the millennium. With the conviction that education is crucial for their development, Ephphata Institute for the Deaf (EID) Kumba and Buea School for the Deaf (BSD) institutions are examined to assess teaching programmes offered to these children. Analysis proved that these points are relevant for effective teaching to take place: A curriculum which is relevant and can be adapted to provide quality education in order to increase participation in schooling and improve the quality of the education provided. Training which will improve teachers’ skills so that they can best perform their functions. This descriptive survey made use of a questionnaire, an observation guide, interviews, and checklist. The sample of the study was 12 teachers and 130 pupils purposively selected from the two schools under investigation. The self-delivery method was used to collect data. Data analysis was descriptive with the use of frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that the national curriculum was rigid and extensive for teachers (75%). The most important challenge the teachers faced was on how to adapt curriculum contents (83%). Solutions to these problems are proposed.
Unmaking the Self-Made Man: Fortune and (Fore)Fathers in the Autobiographies of Langston Hughes
Authors: Horne Abigail
Published: September 2020

In Langston Hughes's autobiographies The Big Sea (1940) and I Wonder as I Wander (1956), he critiques the American mythos of individual, financial uplift in a meritocratic nation. Instead of illustrating the achievability of rising from poverty to riches, Hughes highlights the near-impossibility of such a rise for black Americans and challenges a conflation between money and virtue. His autobiographies voice the role of luck in wealth-building and describe an American son who values freedom and community over capital. In so doing, Hughes distinguishes his self-formation from forefathers of American autobiography, from his most important patron, and from his own father. Examining Hughes's focus on fortune in The Big Sea and I Wonder as I Wander reveals a greater challenge to white supremacist and capitalist values than critics of these books have previously acknowledged, and the narrative structures of the autobiographies enact an alternative, horizontal model as a challenge to the idealized American trajectory of a vertical rise.
Langston Hughes: When Language Turns History
Authors: Miller R. Baxter
Published: September 2020

In Hughes's literary world, history is not a forward line into a utopian future. Neither is it a perfect circle, turning precisely back upon the exact same point in space and time where it has already been. Rather, it is a spiral at once backward and forward, open to new guidance. Despite the past's often being torturous (twisted horribly), it can certainly be channeled well. Hence, to Langston Hughes, black writers facilitate an advance into future time. It is possible to appreciate the temporal trajectory and impact of his writing. First, this article tests in The Big Sea, Hughes's first autobiography, the African American collegian's worthiness in 1929 to redirect the stream of history. Then it details the heroic properties of a tragic mulatto, who despite great revolutionary promise in Ways of White Folks (1934), dies before he can complete his public mission to redirect the stream. Finally, it closes with the celebration of Hughes in Ask Your Mama (1961) of two black women abolitionists with whom the poet endows historic, even sacred voice.
On Brenda Marie Osbey, “whom [we] have every right to love”
Authors: Vrana Laura
Published: September 2020

This article reviews the recent edited collection Summoning Our Saints: The Poetry and Prose of Brenda Marie Osbey, edited by John Wharton Lowe (2019), arguing with reference to the indispensable pieces contained in that text that Brenda Marie Osbey's oeuvre and especially her History and Other Poems (2012) merits significantly greater attention than it has thus far received. It proposes reasons for that scholarly neglect, highlighting ways that institutional preferences in black poetic criticism tend to disfavor Osbey's aesthetic choices. Ultimately, it frames Osbey as a contemporary griot whose poetic speaker and formal devices differ substantially from those deployed by living black poets, like Rita Dove and Natasha Trethewey, who have garnered greater scholarly attention.
As armas de Pierre Bourdieu contra o “flagelo neoliberal”
Authors: Carvalho Keila Lucio de
Published: September 2020

A questão neoliberal, embora não tenha tido tratamento teórico sistematizado por parte de Pierre Bourdieu, perpassou o conjunto de sua obra sobretudo a partir da década de 1990. Este artigo busca demonstrar que suas considerações sobre o neoliberalismo estiveram relacionadas à constituição de uma subjetividade de resistência política em torno de sua conformação como intelectual público. Para tanto, foram articuladas as mais significativas experiências de engajamento público mobilizadas por esse sociólogo ao seu enfrentamento à questão neoliberal. Por fim, será realizada uma interpretação do sentido dessa subjetividade de resistência ao neoliberalismo. A incorporação crítica desse repertório teórico e político pode nos inspirar para novos fazeres sociológicos, à luz das exigências e dos compromissos atuais.
A Sweet and Painful Emotional Experience: Love Metaphors from a Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Li Didi , Chi Daojia
Published: September 2020

More and more researchers have begun to study the conceptual metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and to connect the metaphor with language, culture and people’s lives. The Emotional metaphor is an important aspect of cognitive linguistics, and love is an important emotion shared by all human beings. The study is an attempt to examine and compare how metaphorical expressions of love are employed in the texts of English and in the Chinese literary texts. The findings show that several love metaphors are shared in English texts and in Chinese literary texts that are based on common cognitive experiences. However, although many other different cultures also influence the linguistic expressions related to love metaphors, this study identifies specific love metaphors unique to English texts and to Chinese literary texts.
THE NEW SILESIAN MUSEUM IN KATOWICE:
DISSIPATED IDEA, BLURRED MISSION
Authors: Wądołowski Marcin
Published: September 2020

A critical assessment of the contemporary state
of the new Silesian Museum in Katowice has been presented.
In the Author’s view, the institution has currently reached
an organizational crisis resulting from the process of losing
its genuine idea rooted in its new seat and from the gradual
blurring of the concept of its new mission.
The reflections presented in the paper are based on data
analysis: the official documents produced by the Silesian
Museum in Katowice, media materials which comment on
its activity, as well as on the participant observation from
the perspective of an insider: of the Silesian community and
of an institution’s academic affiliate.
The ambitious and modern vision of the new Silesian
Museum basing on the rehabilitation of the post-industrial
area of the former ‘Katowice’ Coal Mine constitutes a chance
to enjoy the ‘second life’ by the post-mining sites. The
Katowice institution undertook the mission of creating
space for the dialogue with the past and accomplishments
of the present in order to better know Silesia, Poland, and
Europe. Regrettably, inept actions of the decision-makers,
chaos related to the position of the Museum’s Director, failed
attempts to merge the Museum with the Upper Silesian
Museum in Bytom, lack of understanding for the supranational,
universal message related to the region’s history, have
led to losing the genuine idea and blurring of the selected
mission. The crisis that the Silesian Museum has been suffering
is politically underpinned, and results from the use
of museum institutions instrumentally by the authorities in
order to fulfill their short-term goals.
The decision makers of the Silesian Museum will in the
near future have to choose between two operating formulas:
they can either follow the conservative way, implying
stagnation and becoming a closed ‘shrine-like museum’, or
aspire to be a venue for the Silesian dialogue, turning into
an open ‘museum-forum’.