bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excavation method and support system based on Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification at Gunung Manggah Tunnel, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Manggala Wimas , Gde Budi Indrawan I , Hendarto
Published: February 2025

The Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Samarinda City is currently carrying out road tunnel construction in Selili Village, Samarinda Ilir District, East Kalimantan Province. The rock mass classification, excavation, and support system used is the Rock Mass Rating (RMR). The methods are used to consider uncertain geological conditions. Data was obtained from the results of surface and subsurface geological mapping, assessment of core drill samples located at the tunnel centerline, and laboratory testing. RMR is vital for understanding geological challenges, optimizing tunnel design, and ensuring safety and efficiency throughout the construction process. Surface geological mapping and core drill sample assessment were conducted to Assess the integrity of the rock structure along the road tunnel line. The drill core samples’ mechanical and physical characteristics of the whole rock were obtained through laboratory testing. The tunnel site consists of a sandstone unit and a siltstone unit with rock mass classifications of fair, medium, and poor. Tunnel excavation is designed using a sequential excavation method, including top heading and benching construction methods. The distance between the top-heading excavation face and the bench excavation face is 12 m, and the initial support must be installed immediately after each stage of tunnel excavation is carried out; the tunnel is also divided into 7 zones based on RMR recommendations: 4 areas with The rock structure classification 3, 2 areas with rock mass class 2, and 1 area with rock mass class 4. The tunnel excavation technique used is the top and bench method with parallel buffers 1-1.5 m from the tunnel face for class 4 areas and 1.5-3 m from the tunnel face for class 3 areas, while class 2 areas can be excavated the entire tunnel face at once. The suggested support system, based on the RMR value, consists of rock bolts that are 4-5 m long, spaced 1-1.5 m apart, and have a shotcrete thickness of 10-15 cm throughout the tunnel.
Spatial resolution and noise measurement of low-dose CT ACR phantom images
Authors: Ismail  , Widodo Susilo , Brazovskiy Konstantin
Published: February 2025

Computed tomography (CT) is an instrument that is still widely used to diagnose and evaluate patient conditions from images produced by the CT scan process. CT scan images are formed from X-ray beams that penetrate the patient’s body and are captured by a detector and then displayed on a monitor screen. A fairly high dose of X-ray radiation is required to produce images with high resolution, good contrast, and low noise. However, this is contrary to the principles of ALARA, as low as reasonably achievable, and patient safety by using high-dose radiation. Various efforts to reduce the dose of X-ray radiation have been made. One of which is to use a low dose by operating the X-ray CT-scan machine at low voltage. Still, the consequence is that the resulting CT scan image has greater noise and lower spatial resolution compared to the image produced from the full radiation dose. This research measured spatial resolution by its modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise on open-source images taken at 25% dose by operating a 50-kV x-ray CT-scan machine on ACR phantom images using the IndoQCT application. The results are the noise of 25% dose images has an average of 86.71% greater and 41.96% lower spatial resolution than full-dose images. These results show that there are problems in using low-dose CT scans and open up opportunities to solve this problem by image reconstruction or image processing.
Structure, Electrical, and Magnetic Properties of Hexaferrite/Molybdenum Disulfide Composite
Authors: Izaak M. P. , Sitompul H. , Mulyawan A. , Setiawan J. , Gunanto Y. E.
Published: February 2025

This research discusses synthesizing and characterizing hexaferrite/Molybdenum disul9ide (Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19/MoS2) composite materials. The Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19 hexaferrite sample was synthesized using a solid-state reaction method and sintered at high temperatures. Hexaferrite/Molybdenum disul9ide composite (Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19/MoS2) with a weight ratio of 1:9 was mixed using milling. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the characterization results produced hexaferrite samples Ba0.6Sr0.4Fe11.75Al0.25O19 had a hexagonal structure and MoS2 had a monoclinic structure. The surface morphology from characterization using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows a heterogeneous shape. LCR-meter is used to characterize the dielectric, loss tangent, and impedance. The magnitude of the dielectric, loss tangent, and impedance decrease with increasing frequency. A vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to characterize magnetization at ambient temperature. The magnitudes of magnetic saturation, magnetic remanent, and coercivity 9ields are 37.42 emu/g, 19.35 emu/g, and 3.82 kOe, respectively.
Paraffin and magnetite composite for thermal management applications
Authors: Sebayang A M S , Humaidi S , Sembiring T , Tetuko A P , Fauzi M , Fachredzy A , Nabawi M A H , Padmadipoera R D S K N F , Sebayang P
Published: February 2025

The thermal management technology has been extensively applied to enhance the efficiency of renewable-energy devices and electronics. This paper proposes a novel approach utilizing a passive method that incorporates phase-change materials (PCMs). Paraffin was used as the matrix with the addition of magnetic particles (Fe3O4). In this study, paraffin-magnetite composites were synthesized using an ultrasonic method at 80 °C with a frequency of 37 kHz for 30 min. Subsequently, their thermophysical properties were analyzed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results revealed a latent heat value of 108.39 J/g and melting temperature of 57.54 °C. The incorporation of magnetite increases the thermal conductivity to 0.625 W/m°C. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that paraffin and magnetite exhibit semicrystalline and cubic crystal structures, respectively. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) results for the composite yielded saturation, remanence, and coercivity values of 25.54 emu/g, 3.91 emu/g, and 168.73 Oe, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphology analysis demonstrated a uniform distribution of magnetite particles within the paraffin structure. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence of C, O, and Fe.
Effect of hydrothermal temperature on the electrochemical performance of NiO/rGO supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Syafri Zainuddin Muh , Susanti Diah , Dyah Pramata Azzah , Bahfie Fathan
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy in the last decade has highlighted the need for efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions, including supercapacitors. This study aims to analyze the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the electrochemical performance of NiO/rGO for supercapacitor electrode applications. The method used for the synthesis of NiO material by sol-gel method from a NiSO4 hydrate precursor and rGO (Reduced Graphene Oxide) material by Hummer method. NiO and rGO were composited by Hydrothermal method at temperature variations of 120°C, 160°C, and 200°C. Materials were characterized by by XRD, SEM-EDX, SAA-BET and FTIR. To determine the electrochemical properties, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) tests were conducted using Na2SO4 electrolyte 1M. The results show that increasing the temperature reduces the specific capacitance of supercapacitors. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, the specific capacitance is 268.65 F g−1 at 120°C, 154.34 F g−1 at 160°C, and 143.81 F g−1 at 200°C. This result is due to the increase in impedance (Z) as the hydrothermal temperature increases. The electrical conductivity of NiO/rGO decreased. The SAA-BET characterization results show a decrease in surface area with increasing hydrothermal temperature. The NiO/rGO supercapacitor electrode synthesized using the hydrothermal method at 120°C maintained 95.06% of its initial capacitance during 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The NiO/rGO composite material has high potential for supercapacitor applications due to its high capacitance and stable retention.
Extraction of Silica (SiO2) from corn leaves waste as anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Paramitha Tika , Rahmania Fatimah Rizky , Hesti Alfin Tachtiar Afrizal
Published: February 2025

Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries or LIBs) are a type of secondary battery. One of the main components is the anode. In this research, anode fabrication was carried out using silica (SiO2) from corn leaves waste. SiO2 has advantages such as low discharge potential, abundant availability, and high theoretical capacity (1965 mAh/g). The conversion of corn leaves into anode material includes extraction of SiO2 with natrium hydroxide and synthesis of a composite of SiO2 and graphite (SiO2/C). The SiO2 material was characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) to identify the Si-O-Si group, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to analyze the morphological structure, XRD (X-ray Diffraction) to identify the crystal phases, and BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) to determine the surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, battery electrochemical performance testing was carried out using a battery analyzer. Electrochemical testing of Li-ion batteries shows that the battery capacities with SiO2/C anodes for samples A, B, C, and D were 137.29, 131.46, 108.40, and 119.15 mAh/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the initial coulombic efficiency of samples A, B, C, and D were 86.36%, 87.58%, 94.89%, and 51.55%, respectively. Based on the results, optimizing the SiO2 content ratio in the SiO2/C composite is crucial to enhance the capacity and stability of Li-ion batteries.
Current density effects on the morphological characteristic and reflectance of n-type porous silicon prepared the laser-assisted anodization
Authors: Sehati  , Cari  , Supriyanto Agus , Abdullah M. H. , Suryana Risa
Published: February 2025

Porous silicon (PSi) has been formed on n-type Si (100) substrates using the green laser-assisted electrochemical anodization method. Current densities during the anodization (etching) process were varied at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mA/cm2. The surface morphologies of the prepared PSi samples were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and their optical reflectances were investigated using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that PSi was formed in circular shapes with homogenous pore distribution. Besides, the effects of various current densities were observed. The yields revealed that the higher current densities could produce PSi with larger average pore diameters, leading to declined reflectances.
Water filtration based on local wisdom products for Kalimantan and Java
Authors: Kusumawati Intan , Marwoto Putut , Rusilowati Ani , Sumarni Woro
Published: February 2025

The local wisdom of cultural communities in Kalimantan and Java needs to be utilized in environmental sanitation efforts by creating innovative water filtration products. This study aims to test the basic materials of local wisdom of Kalimantan and Java through simple groundwater filtration tools in purifying water. The research method used is quantitative with a true experimental design. The product is designed through Ethno-STEAM analysis. The product trial consists of the Kalimantan region (Landak Regency and Sambas Regency) and the Java region (Mojokerto Regency and Tegal Regency). The trial was repeated five times with the same initial volume of water, 500ml with 1000ml sedimentation. The water container is 22 oz (bottom diameter 6 cm, top diameter 9.5 cm, height 15 cm). It was found that all materials tested could purify water. The comparison of the absorption capacity of local wisdom materials of coconut coir with aren palm fibre, rice husk ash with straw, maja fruit fibre, and coconut coir with enau palm fibre in the sequence is 2:3:2:3. The changes observed are dark brown to colourless, odourless, not cloudy, clear, and not sticky. The characteristics of clean water in physical properties are shown from the results of water filtration made from coconut coir with enau palm fibre and maja fruit fibre. It is concluded that the basic materials of local wisdom of coconut coir with enau palm fibre from Kalimantan and maja fruit fibre from Java through a simple groundwater filtration tool can purify water with clean water characteristics.
17th European Workshop on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis (EMAS 2023) Krakow, Poland, 7-11 May 2023
Authors: Faryna Marek , Tylko Grzegorz , Sørensen Bjørn E. , Dijkstra Hans , Richter Silvia
Published: February 2025

This volume of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering contains papers from the 17th Workshop of the European Microbeam Analysis Society (EMAS) on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis, which took place from the 7th to the 11th of May 2023 at the Auditorium Maximum of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

The primary aim of this series of workshops is to assess the state-of-the-art and reliability of microbeam analysis techniques. The workshops also provide a forum where students and young scientists starting out on a career in microbeam analysis can meet and discuss with the established experts. The Krakow meeting was organised within the usual EMAS format, comprising invited plenary lectures by internationally recognised experts, poster presentations by the participants and round-table discussions on the key topics led by specialists in the field. EMAS2023 was organized in collaboration with the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland. The technical programme included the following topics: Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA); Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); Software tools; Focussed ion beam; Combined techniques in SEM; and materials applications of microbeam analysis and their applications.

As at previous workshops, there was also a special oral session for Early Career Scientists. The best presentation by an early career scientist was awarded with an invitation to attend the 2024 Microscopy and Microanalysis meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. The prize went to Maria Wątroba, EMPA - Swiss Federal Labs. Materials Testing and Research, Thun (CH), for her presentation entitled: “Experimental analysis of plastic deformation in single-crystalline and ultrafine-grained Zn micropillars” (by M. Wątroba, W. Bednarczyk, C. Tian, J. Michler and J. Schwiedrzik).

List of Acknowledgements and International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.
A new empirical model of the 2-dimensional ionisation probability ϕ(ρr, ρz) described by an analytical function
Authors: Achuda G , Bünger J , Pinard P T , Torrilhon M , Richter S
Published: February 2025

For quantitative electron probe microanalysis matrix effects have to be considered. Conventional matrix correction procedures in use today assume a homogeneous composition for the bulk sample (known as ZAF correction) or heterogeneity only in depth for thin films (ϕ(ρz) models). But when heterogeneity is expected in lateral directions, only Monte Carlo and deterministic simulations could be used for accurate matrix correction. These simulations are computationally expensive and slow. In this work, we introduce a novel analytical model for the multi-dimensional ionisation probability distribution ϕ(ρr, ρz) for a material bombarded with electrons, which could be used for fast matrix correction as an alternative to simulations. By fitting the model onto ionisation probability distributions generated by Monte Carlo simulations, we show that our model can adequately describe the simulated distributions.
STEM-CL and related spectroscopies using a high numerical aperture mirror
Authors: Bézard M , Baaboura J , Auad Y , Varkentina N , Bonnet N , Woo S Y , Tencé M , Blazit J-D , Li X , Meuret S , Houdellier F , Lourenço-Martins H , Arbouet A , Stéphan O , Tizei L H G , Kociak M
Published: February 2025

This conference proceeding reports on the usage and applications of a high numerical aperture mirror for cathodoluminescence and other photon-based spectroscopies in a scanning transmission electron microscope.
Subscale inversion of X-ray emission in electron probe microanalysis based on deterministic transport equations
Authors: Claus T , Achuda G , Richter S , Torrilhon M
Published: February 2025

The reconstruction methods (ZAF, ϕ(ρz) matrix correction) commonly applied in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) make restrictive assumptions about the material structure. The model assumption that the material is homogeneous (or layered in depth) limits the spatial resolution of the reconstruction method to the interaction volume of electrons. Models based on Monte Carlo (MC) methods allow for arbitrary material structure, but suffer from statistical noise that prevents the use of MC in gradient-based reconstruction. We present a reconstruction framework for EPMA based on deterministic transport equations to model electron transport. Similar to MC, our model allows for an arbitrary material structure, but is also well-suited for application in gradient-based reconstruction. In this paper we discuss our model with a focus on inversion and discuss the necessity of regularisation (parametrisation of the material) for the reconstruction method. We conclude with reconstruction examples in 1D and 2D, that exemplarily show different parametrizations and, more importantly, the opportunity to resolve material structure smaller than the interaction volume.
Machine Learning techniques in microscopic characterisation of nanomaterials
Authors: Jany Benedykt R.
Published: February 2025

The characterisation of nanomaterials presents significant challenges due to their unique properties and size-dependent behaviours. Recent breakthroughs in Machine Learning (ML) techniques have enabled the development of innovative methods for analysing microscopic data, thereby facilitating the extraction of reliable information on nanomaterials’ chemical composition, structure, and other properties at the nanoscale level. This study provides an overview of selected ML-based approaches applied to microscopic characterisation of nanomaterials, including chemical composition quantification, structure analysis via imaging, and nano-electrical characterisation. The results demonstrate that ML techniques can significantly enhance and simplify the task of nanomaterials characterisation, while minimising data analysis bias and uncertainty. This approach has the potential to derive a comprehensive understanding of a given material’s properties by integrating information obtained from diverse characterisation techniques. The synergistic coupling between microscopic imaging and Machine Learning techniques provides new quality, perspectives, and opportunities for future materials characterisation.
2D materials design and property modulation for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Bai Bobing , Wan Yuchi , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun
Published: February 2025

Currently, ammonia is an important chemical in modern society, widely used in agriculture and energy-conversion fields. However, there are existing energy-consumption and environmental problems in the traditional process of ammonia synthesis. At present, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3
−RR) uses renewable electricity as power to achieve simultaneous nitrate removal and ammonia generation, providing an efficient, green and clean platform for sustainable ammonia synthesis. As an ideal model material for electrochemistry research, two-dimensional (2D) materials with tunable surface properties and electronic structure have aroused immense interest in electrocatalysis applications. The atomic-layer structure of 2D materials can significantly affect their physical/chemical properties, while size and surface characteristics are important aspects to be considered for designing and synthesizing efficient catalysts to achieve the high performance of the electrocatalytic NO3
−RR application. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia including reaction mechanisms and basic research methods. Moreover, synthetic methods and design strategies of 2D-material electrocatalysts are introduced and specific applications of 2D material in electrocatalytic NO3
−RR are demonstrated. Furthermore, future perspectives are proposed to inspire novel attempts for new 2D materials applications across broad fields.
Mechanical performance of SS 316L node-reinforced diamond metal lattice structure manufactured via selective laser melting
Authors: Shivakumar N , Ramesh T , Muthukumaran S
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing facilitates the creation of complex porous metallic structures with significant mechanical strength, suitable for tailored, lightweight product requirements in the aerospace and automotive industry. Among these, diamond metal lattice structures (DLS) stand out due to their high porosity. This study investigates the mechanical performance of SS 316L diamond lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM), with and without nodal reinforcement. The effect of nodal reinforcement and variations in strut and node dimensions was analysed under quasi-static compression. Node-reinforced diamond lattice structures (NR-DLS) exhibited superior mechanical properties to non-reinforced DLS. Results demonstrated that increasing node and strut sizes enhanced yield strength, collapse strength, and energy absorption while reducing porosity. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD confirmed the significant effect of nodal reinforcement, particularly when strut and node sizes were proportionally increased. Additionally, NR-DLS showed improved stress distribution, leading to uniform densification.
Contractivity of neural ODEs: An eigenvalue optimization problem
Authors: Guglielmi Nicola , De Marinis Arturo , Savostianov Anton , Tudisco Francesco
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel methodology to solve a key eigenvalue optimization problem which arises in the contractivity analysis of neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs). When looking at contractivity properties of a one-layer weight-tied neural ODE

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Personhood and self-identity
Authors: Pettit Philip
Published: February 2025

An agent will count as a person, by traditional theories, to the extent that they can reason, are fit to be held responsible, enjoy claims of dignity, and can live up to certain ideals distinctive of personhood. The humanoids will meet those connotations of personhood insofar as they make commitments to one another on an open front, projecting a persona that they effectively invite others—and, interiorizing, invite themselves—to rely on: ‘this is who I am’. In order to ‘personate’ in that sense, they must be able to reason, to ascribe and assume responsibility, to be able to claim rights against one another, and to live up to the ideals of the persona they project. The person or personating agent will enjoy an important form of self-identity over time, even as they change and recognize that they change in their public profile. Not only will they be intertemporally connected in the sense that their states at any time—say, of memory or intention—reflect their states at others: say, of experience or performance. They will also be generally connected by sustaining a commitment to a certain stable or evolving persona. In this richer construal of what they are as a self, it will make sense for them to embrace an ideal of knowing themselves and being true to their self.
Korngold in America
Authors: Winters Ben
Published: February 2025

Through an examination of the film scores and post-Hollywood concert works of Erich Korngold, the book argues for a reassessment of the composer’s place in twentieth-century music historiography. Using extensive archival evidence, it dismantles the myths that have obscured a proper understanding of Korngold’s work for Warner Bros.; furthermore, it challenges assumptions about the relationship between his film scores and his wider work for the concert hall and opera house. The result provides a more complete picture of his artistry unencumbered by anxieties about the relative value of mass culture and is unapologetic about the important role played by his music in the Hollywood films of which it is a part.
A Hollywood Compositional Toolbox
Authors: Winters Ben
Published: February 2025

Chapter 3 suggests that—mindful of the apparent restrictions placed on his compositional process by the circumstances of production, and the richness of his creative interactions with colleagues—scoring films nonetheless offered Korngold opportunities to explore both his personal compositional methods and the nature of his own compositional toolbox. The chapter explores the ways in which he engaged with the technology of film, including his use of synchronization technologies during composition and recording. Then the attention turns to Korngold’s penchant for recycling material, before finally exploring the stylistic, timbral, and harmonic characteristics of his film music.
Korngold’s Hollywood Legacy
Authors: Winters Ben
Published: February 2025

Chapter 7 examines the reception history of Korngold’s post-Hollywood concert works to add much-needed nuance to the prevailing view of the composer’s post-war concert career as a critical failure. The tendency to see Korngold’s career in such stark terms ignores the ways in which his final films and concert works bring together what modernist ideology would attempt to keep apart: Hollywood and classical concert culture. This final chapter then returns to the role of Hollywood in Korngold’s career as a whole, and addresses the place of both Korngold and Hollywood in twentieth-century music history. As such, it suggests that the optimism which Korngold recognized in his own music emerges as his lasting legacy.
Weaponizing Waste
Authors: Lepawsky Josh
Published: February 2025

In November 2011 a US Senate Armed Services Committee hearing was convened to address the problem of counterfeit electronic parts in US military supply chains. The problem was attributed to electronic waste sourced from the United States, repurposed in China, and sold back to weapons manufacturers. This chapter asks what might the invocation of ‘e-waste’ with respect to US military supply chains reveal about those supply chains? What might it disclose about the assumptions on which their operations rest? And what operations of associated, but perhaps less obvious, systems might also be disclosed by the invocation of e-waste as a threat to US military supply chains? The chapter closely examines the transcript of the hearing, submitted documents, and testimony to provide some answers to these questions. By examining the invocation of a particular waste object (‘e-waste’) the chapter shows that object to be a symptom, rather than a cause, of a struggle between identifiable actors over the rightful disposition of private versus public interests in military provisioning.
Waste as Posthuman Critique
Authors: Pyyhtinen Olli , Onali Alma , Zavos Stylianos
Published: February 2025

Engaging with waste scholarship, STS, and posthumanist feminist literature while also employing snippets from our ongoing garbographic fieldwork, the chapter explores the dis/entanglement of humans and waste by placing a spotlight on minoritarian encounters and messy relations. The underlying rationale of this exploration is to problematize and disrupt the ontological hygiene characterizing the intricate relationship of our societies with waste. The chapter examines how humans are entangled with waste much more intimately than current modes and technologies of waste management and the technocratic zero-waste utopia of the idealized circular economy would make us believe. Ultimately, rather than adhering to conventional notions that consider waste as a passive end-product of human classifications, we approach it as a vital, unruly matter that necessitates immediate efforts to discover ways to live with it. This urge also prompts the need to critically confront the anthropocentric notion of care.
Poetry, Sound, and the Matter of Prosody, 1800–2000
Authors: Miller Peter
Published: February 2025

When modernist poets rejected meter at the beginning of the twentieth century, they seemed to reject something at the heart of poetry: sound. Yet meter was only one of the many sound media that poets on either side of 1900 used to structure their poems. As new technologies like the phonograph unsettled print modes of representing sound, language, and voice, poets likewise pluralized the sonic basis, or “prosody,” of their work. Enlisting talking birds and printed ballads, illuminated manuscripts and books shaped like vinyl LPs, poets in Britain and America mixed new media with old to revitalize the lyric tradition and explore the cultural stakes of sound reproduction. Examining key moments of prosodic innovation from Romanticism to hip hop, Poetry, Sound, and the Matter of Prosody, 1800–2000 reads the fall of meter against the rise of modern sound recording to reframe prosodic analysis as a form of media theory. By considering the broad range of elements affecting the sounds and rhythms of poetic language, some tangible (e.g. paper, ink, vinyl), others intangible (e.g. meter, genre, musical form), the book provides a richer sense of the prosodic repertoire of individual poems while enabling unexpected connections between poems from different historical periods. Anchored around five canonical figures, William Wordsworth, Edgar Allan Poe, Emily Dickinson, Ezra Pound, and Langston Hughes, while attending to their work’s ongoing transformation by contemporary popular culture, the book offers both formal and historical insights into the nature of lyric poetry after Romanticism.
Epilogue
Authors: Miller Peter
Published: February 2025

The book’s epilogue considers two quite different pieces of contemporary prosodic culture: Amazon’s voice-activated “virtual assistant” Alexa and the body of musical poetry known as rap or hip-hop. Consulting the work of the literary critic Jonathan Culler and the rap artist Tupac, the epilogue argues that taking seriously such overtly mediated prosodic forms will help clarify the nature of poetic sound more generally. The epilogue concludes by identifying four related goals to help guide the future of poetry studies, including expanding the object of prosodic analysis, broadening the academy’s sense of who performs prosodic analysis, reimagining what is meant by historical poetics, and reaffirming the disciplines commitment to textual criticism.
Economic Crisis and Punishment
Authors: Kovras Iosif
Published: February 2025

Chapter 2 seeks to explain the puzzling variation in the extent to which European countries embraced retributive justice following the 2008 economic crisis. While some established special prosecutorial bodies and took steps to facilitate prosecutions, others seemed to consider the crisis ‘business as usual’ and relied on the existing investigative and prosecutorial mechanisms to seek out wrongdoing. It revisits some of the central explanations proffered by the literature in response to the crisis, noting the emphasis either on the powerful status of the offenders/bankers or on the challenges faced by prosecutorial authorities investigating white-collar crimes. The chapter offers a more holistic framework of post-crisis retribution by focusing on the catalytic role of politicians in shaping the prospect of prosecution. In other words, the chapter shifts the focus of scholarly attention to politicians’ appetite for retribution. It argues that the way a financial crisis unfolds plays a significant role in shaping the desire of politicians to promote an agenda of retributive justice. With a banking collapse, politicians will be more proactive, as voters’ demand for punishment is high, and the risk of a loss of stability in the banking industry is minimal. With a severe yet negotiated crisis following a bailout/bail-in, politicians are more reluctant to endorse policies that may risk the recovery of a fragile banking sector that needs government support.
Cyprus
Authors: Kovras Iosif
Published: February 2025

Chapter 4 presents the contrasting experience of politicians in Cyprus who followed a business-as-usual model with little desire for retribution; tellingly, only a handful of bankers were prosecuted in the decade following the crisis. More precisely, the complete collapse of the banking industry was prevented by proactive government intervention (bailout/bail-in), leaving politicians with the delicate task of managing ‘zombie’ banks. This made Cypriot politicians more mindful of the effect investigations could have on the stability of the weakened financial system; problematically, they might prolong the crisis and incur further political costs. Hence, political demand for retribution was mitigated by concerns about economic and political stability.
Shading the Truth
Authors: Kovras Iosif
Published: February 2025

Why (and how) do some post-crisis truth recovery mechanisms fail to have any impact? While most theories are built on success stories, studying failures can be equally important for theory development. Knowing the factors that make some fact-finding commissions destined to fail would greatly improve our understanding of the constraints to effective truth recovery and learning after a crisis. To this end, this chapter draws on the comparative experience of Greece and Cyprus, two countries that experimented with truth commissions but were unsuccessful. Interestingly, even though they experienced different types of crises—Greece had a public debt crisis, and Cyprus had a banking crisis—their outcomes were the same. Understanding the mechanics of their failure would clarify how instrumental logic is operationalized and can undermine truth recovery mechanisms. The chapter shows that, in both cases, the commissioners were driven by the instrumental logic of learning, whereby learning from the past is geared toward creating authoritative public (and finger-pointing) narratives of the causes of the crisis to score points against opponents or divert blame.
Looking Backward or Moving Forward?
Authors: Kovras Iosif
Published: February 2025

The chapter explores the strategic dilemma faced by political leaders in the aftermath of economic crises: whether to prioritize retrospective accountability or forward-looking economic recovery. A new theoretical framework is proposed to analyze voter preferences for different accountability models, including retributive (criminal prosecutions), restorative (truth commissions and apologies), and economic recovery. The chapter employs a mixed-methods approach, using survey data from Iceland and a conjoint experiment conducted in Ireland, to test these hypotheses. Results indicate that voters favor restorative approaches, such as truth commissions and public apologies, over exclusive focus on economic recovery. These findings suggest that truth commissions are valued for their ability to provide clear, comprehensive accounts of crises, while public apologies fulfill citizens’ expectations for leaders to acknowledge and learn from past mistakes. This finding challenges the conventional view of ‘economic voting’ wherein the chief concern for the party in power is to develop a proactive reform agenda to help economic recovery as this will boost its prospects of electoral survival. However, non-economic policies and non-electoral forms of accountability are equally important. The chapter argues that a well-designed policy of retrospective accountability can curtail the appeal of demagogues who hijack popular calls for accountability in post-crisis settings to score political points, thereby protecting democratic institutions while also yielding electoral rewards for the incumbent.
Student Politics in Egypt
Authors: Ramzy Farah
Published: February 2025

Our understanding of student politics in Egypt is marked by past representations of the role of students as the intellectual avant-garde of the nation, and of the student movement as integral to massive protests for national and regional causes. That said, the neoliberalization of higher education in the 1990s redefined universities’ missions to focus on the professionalization of students whose role is henceforth to acquire skills for the job market. While this shift is well documented, little is known about its impact on student politics. Although universities remained important sites for all political groups, student politics fell out of sight, in favour of alternative categories like youth activism or new protest movements which, paradoxically, do not account for the historical specificity of students as political actors. Even after the 2011 revolution, the story remains unfinished: we need to question how the structural and political shifts affected student politics in the twenty-first century.
Student Unions
Authors: Ramzy Farah
Published: February 2025

The revolution of 2011 paved the way for the reimagination of the role of student unions, which used to be bureaucratic entities instrumentalized for the co-optation of students. The remaking of student unions reveals the complex and nuanced relationship students had with parties, elections, and politics in its most conventional sense. The idea was that revolutionary unions ought to be ‘neutral’, to move beyond the conflicts of politics in order to be representative of all students. In reality, the definition of ‘politics’ from which unions should be distanced remained fluid and ambiguous, especially as repression hit in the post-2013 context. This chapter traces the difficult and emotionally charged process of the negotiation of the meaning of politics as part of how students made sense of unions’ missions. The negotiation carries traces both of a neoliberal and a prefigurative logic, although neither involved a full break with conventional politics.
Wanting to know whether
Authors: Nissan-Rozen Ittay
Published: February 2025

It is argued that that the desire attributed to an agent, X, in sentences of the form ‘X wants to know whether P’, is not X’s overall desire for ‘X knows that P or X knows that “not P”’, but rather X’s expected conditional desire for knowing the truth about P, given the truth. An implication of this account for distributive justice is discussed.
Healthcare Clinicians’ Perspectives on Managing Suspected Elder Abuse: “We Don’t Want to Just Swoop in and Do What We Think is Best”
Authors: Makaroun Lena K , Shin Naomi , Hruska Kristina L , Rosen Tony , Dichter Melissa E , Thorpe Carolyn T , Rodriguez Keri L , O’Hare Ann , Rosland Ann-Marie
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Elder abuse (EA) is common and has significant health impacts. New initiatives seek to capitalize on opportunities to respond to EA from within the healthcare system, but little is known about what clinicians may need to be successful in these efforts. Our objective was to understand perceived barriers and facilitators to managing all phases of EA within an integrated healthcare system from the perspectives of front-line clinicians from a range of different disciplines.

Research Design and Methods

Thirty-seven clinicians (10 social workers, 9 physicians, 7 psychologists, 6 nurses and 5 advanced practice providers) from different clinical sites within two large Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers participated in semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was designed to elicit facilitators and barriers to discrete stages in the process of addressing EA, including detection, reporting, intervention and monitoring. Transcripts were coded using deductive (based on a pre-specified conceptual model) and inductive approaches and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Most (78%) participants were women, ranging in age from 33-64 years, and practicing in a variety of settings (e.g., primary care, emergency department) with between 4-25 years of VHA experience. We identified five interrelated themes that cut across the different stages of EA care: situational context (theme 1), degree of trust in familial and healthcare relationships (theme 2), extent of education and skills (theme 3), and existing system infrastructure (theme 4) all contributed to clinician empowerment and motivation towards action (theme 5).

Discussion and Implications

Efforts to enhance skills training, build trusting relationships, and improve system infrastructure could help to equip clinicians to engage in healthcare system interventions to reduce harm from EA.
Development of a Mindfulness and Self-compassion (MASC) Stress Reduction Program for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia with Behavioral Symptoms
Authors: Stone Sarah M , Giraldo-Santiago Natalia , Miller Angela , O’Donnell Arden , Travis Aniyah , Ritchie Christine S , Vranceanu Ana-Maria
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Caregivers of persons living with dementia experience high stress triggered by the behavioral symptoms of care-recipients. Current stress management interventions exist but are primarily focused on providing support or education targeting general caregiving stress. We need caregiver interventions that also address stress triggered by the behavioral symptoms of persons living with dementia. . Here, we showcase the development of the Mindfulness and Self Compassionate Care program (MASC), a new program that integrates emotional regulation skills (mindfulness, compassion, and self-compassion), with practical strategies to manage behavioral symptoms in persons living with dementia.

Research Design and Methods

In this mixed-methods study, we conducted five focus groups (N=28) with a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of stressed caregivers of persons living with dementia who endorse behavioral symptoms. We aimed to understand their needs, preferences, and perceptions of the proposed MASC skills. Twenty-four of these caregivers completed an optional quantitative survey. We used a hybrid inductive-deductive approach for qualitative analyses and descriptive statistics to analyze quantitative data.

Results

Qualitative analyses showed high stress in caregivers stemming from their care-recipients behavioral symptoms. Caregivers reported interest in a program like MASC, liked the proposed skills, and provided recommendations to enhance the program's format and content. Quantitative analyses supported the need of the program and the interrelation between program mechanisms and outcomes.

Discussion and Implications

Caregivers provided valuable information for adapting the program content and methodology. Current work includes an open pilot with exit interviews to refine the program with the goal of efficacy testing and implementation.
Effects of inactivated bacillus sp. DU-106 on high-fat diet-induced obesity and the gut–liver axis
Authors: Li Yanli , Zhao Wenjun , Jiang Bingyan , Huang Xiao-Chun , Liu Jie , Huang Junyuan , Hu Bang , Liu Yong-Xin , Du Bing , Li Pan
Published: February 2025

Probiotics are often utilized for disease prevention, but the study of inactivated probiotics is still in its infancy. This study investigated the impact of both live and inactivated Bacillus sp. DU-106 on obesity-related liver lipid metabolism, the inflammatory response, and the equilibrium of the gut–liver axis. Both live and inactivated Bacillus sp. DU-106 ameliorated the development of metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obese mice. The expression of proteins and mRNA related to hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation was inhibited. Moreover, the intestinal barrier damage and intestinal flora composition caused by the high-fat diet were reversed. The total concentration of short-chain fatty acids increased after treatment with live or inactivated Bacillus sp. DU-106. Both live and inactivated Bacillus sp. DU-106 have antiobesity effects. We speculated that Bacillus sp. DU-106 does not colonize the gut but exerts its antiobesity effects by regulating gut–liver axis homeostasis through its intracellular components.
Mitochondria-targeting siRNA screening identifies mitochondrial calcium uniporter as a factor involved in nucleoid morphology
Authors: Kanon Hirotaka , Ishihara Takaya , Ban-Ishihara Reiko , Ota Azusa , Yasuda Tatsuki , Ichikawa Aoi , Ueyama Ruo , Baba Taiki , Takeda Kohsuke , Ogasawara Emi , Ishihara Naotada
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria are believed to have originated from the endosymbiosis of bacteria and they still contain their own genome, which is called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Under fluorescence microscopy of cultured mammalian cells, mtDNA is observed as numerous tiny dot-like structures called mitochondrial nucleoids. In live-imaging, the morphology and distribution of nucleoids are change dynamically, but the molecular details remain poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a custom siRNA library targeting 1,164 human mitochondria-related genes, and from live-imaging-based screening of HeLa cells, we identified that mitochondria calcium uniporter (MCU), a pore-forming subunit of the mitochondrial Ca2+ channel, is involved in nucleoid morphology. We found that suppression of MCU by RNAi induced the formation of highly enlarged nucleoids as well as respiratory dysfunction and that the re-introduction of MCU or treatment with Ca2+ ionophore recovered the enlarged nucleoid morphology. These results suggest that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU is associated with nucleoid morphology. The constructed siRNA library might be widely applied to analyze the roles of mitochondrial proteins in various cellular events, making it useful to understand the multifaceted functions of mitochondria in human cells.