bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precisão dimensional de modelos obtidos de moldes de alginato: técnica da união de análogos
Authors: Oshiro Filho Nelson Talatoci , Coelho Túlio Marcos Kalife , Schussler João Paulo , Insaurralde Elizeu , Leme Marco Petry Laureano
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avaliou a estabilidade dimensional de modelos obtidos de moldes de alginato utilizando a técnica de união dos análogos. Materiais e Métodos: foi utilizado um modelo mestre representando uma mandíbula com 4 implantes osseointegrados instalados, sobre o qual foi realizado a moldagem com moldeira aberta dos transferentes unidos por fio metálico rígido e resina acrílica autopolimerizável, utilizando o alginato. Foram feitas 40 moldagens ao todo, sendo 20 para cada grupo. Após as moldagens, os moldes foram vazados utilizando gesso pedra de alta resistência, sendo que em um grupo foi realizada a união de análogos previamente. Após o término da reação de presa do gesso, os modelos foram levados para análise na lupa estereoscópica, onde foram realizadas 3 medições da distância dos análogos entre si, obtendo-se uma média para cada modelo. Resultados:As médias obtidas foram comparadas com a média da distância entre os análogos e enviadas para análise estatística para a obtenção dos resultados, utilizando o teste Tukey HSD. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas de ambos os grupos tiveram diferenças estatísticas em relação ao modelo mestre, sendo que com a união houve alteração nas medidas A e C e sem a união houve alteração nas medidas A, C e D. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os modelos com maior fidelidade dimensional são os do grupo com a união de análogos.Descritores: Técnica de Moldagem Odontológica; Implantes Dentários; Prótese Dentária.
SAĞLIK BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ VE YENİ HUKUKSAL SORU(N)LAR
Authors: KÜZECİ Elif
Published: June 2018

Elektronik
Sağlık ya da kısaca e-Sağlık olarak da nitelenebilecek sağlık bilişim
teknolojileri, yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin (Information Communication
Technologies-ICTs) sağlık amacıyla kullanılmasını ifade eder. Sağlık bilişim
teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişim geleneksel sağlık hizmeti sunumunda ve
hasta-hekim ilişkisinde dönüşüm yaratmaktadır. Bu gelişmenin daha uzun ve daha
sağlıklı bir yaşam için pek çok olanak sunduğu açıktır. Ancak bazı yan etkileri
olduğu da belirtilmelidir. Nitekim sağlık bilişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı
gelişim kişisel verilerin işlenme süreçleri ile ilgili yeni sorular ve sorunlar
gündeme getirmektedir. Bu soruların yetkin bir şekilde yanıtlanması,
yürürlükteki hukuk kurallarını yorumlarken ve gelecekteki hukuk kurallarını
tasarlarken teknolojinin kendine özgü yapısını dikkate almayı gerektirir. Bu
çalışma kapsamında öncelikle e-sağlık uygulamalarının getirdiği yenilikler
karşısında ortaya çıkan hukuksal sorular değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından ise bu
sorunlara çözüm olacağı umulan bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Kanımızca bu
sorunların çözülebilmesi, veri öznesinin kendine ilişkin bilgiler üzerindeki
denetimini güçlendiren, sürecin şeffaflığını destekleyen ve teknolojinin
kendine özgü unsurlarını dikkate alan bir bakış açısı ile olanaklıdır.  Bu bakış açısının mevcut hukuk kurallarının
yorumuna ve yeni kuralların tasarımına yansıtılması, hak ve özgürlükler ile
teknolojik gelişmeler arasında dengenin kurulması açısından yararlı sonuçlar
verebilir. Ayrıca teknolojinin önüne bariyerler koymadan bireyin haklarını
korumak için hukuk kurallarının yanında bu bakış açısını sistemleştiren etik
kurallara da başvurulması daha sağlıklı bir gelecek kurmakta yardımcı
olacaktır.
An Intelligent Prenatal Screening System for the Prediction of Trisomy-21 Using Triple Test Variables: The Hacettepe System
Authors: Katlan Doruk Cevdi , Tanacan Atakan , Orgul Gokcen , Leblebicioglu Kemal , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: June 2018

Objective: To introduce an intelligent prenatal screening system, using triple test variables.Study Design: In this study, we have used a backpropagation learning algorithm (a supervised artificial neural network) to develop an intelligent antenatal screening system (heretofore referred as Hacettepe System). Triple test variables were used as input variables, while “Down syndrome” and “non-Down syndrome” fetuses were the output of the algorithm. Unconjugated estriol (E3), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, and α-feto protein with gestational week and maternal age (triple test) were used as input variables in the training and testing. Multiples of median values of the E3, α-feto protein, and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin were used in this study. The testing group of Hacettepe system consisted of 97 patients who were found to be high-risk (>1/250) during the routine antenatal screening (triple test) and underwent amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping.Results: Amniocentesis was performed in 97 pregnancies with “high-risk” triple test results (>1/250). Fetal karyotyping revealed trisomy 21 in about 9.3% (9/97) of the pregnancies. Our algorithm (Hacettepe System) detected 77.8% (7/9) of Down syndrome cases. Moreover, all of the normal fetal karyotypes were assigned as normal in the Hacettepe System.Conclusion: We have developed an intelligent system using the backpropagation learning algorithm (using triple test variables) to predict trisomy 21.
Selectively Targeted Anti-Neoplastic Cytotoxicity of Three Immunopharmaceuticals with Covalently Bound Fludarabine, Gemcitabine and Dexamethasone Moieties Synthesized Utilizing Organic Chemistry Reactions in a Multi-Stage Regimen
Authors: Coyne Cody P. , Narayanan Lakshmi
Published: June 2018

Background:

Unintentional passive diffusion of conventional small molecular weight pharmaceuticals
across intact membranes of normal healthy cells in tissues and organ systems induces sequelae that limit therapeutic
dosage and duration of administration. Selective “targeted” delivery of pharmaceuticals is a molecular
strategy that can potentially provide heightened margins-of-safety with greater potency and improved efficacy.

Materials and Methods:

Monophosphate analogs of fludarabine, gemcitabine, and dexamethasone were combined
with a carbodiimide reagent in the presence of imidazole to produce reactive intermediates that were subsequently
covalently bound to monoclonal anti-IGF-1R or anti-EGFR IgG-immunoglobulin. The resulting covalent
immunopharmaceutical end-products, fludarabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R], gemcitabine-(5'-
phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R], and dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramidate)-[anti-EGFR] were evaluated by
SDS-PAGE/chemiluminescent autoradiography (fragmentation/polymerization detection), UV spectrophotometric
absorbance (purity; molar-incorporation-index), cell-ELISA (retained selective binding-avidity), and cell
vitality-viability (selectively “targeted” anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity).

Results:

Maximum selectively “targeted” anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity of fludarabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-
IGF-1R], gemcitabine-(5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R], and dexamethasone-(C21-phosphoramidate)-[anti-
EGFR] was detected at the pharmaceutical-equivalent concentrations of 10-5 M (94.7%), 10-7 M (93.1%), and 10-7
M (64.9%) respectively.

RDiscussion:

Organic chemistry reactions were optimized in a template multi-stage synthesis regimen for fludarabine-(
5'-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R], gemcitabine-(5’-phosphoramidate)-[anti-IGF-1R], and dexamethasone-(
C21-phosphoramidate)-[anti-EGFR]. Attributes of the synthesis regimen include; [-i-] covalent bonding of
pharmaceutical moeities at high molar incorporation indexes, [-ii-] implementation of organic chemistry reactions
in a non-dedicated synthesis regimen allowing component substitution and [-iii-] optional preservation of presynthesized
amine-reactive pharmaceutical intermediates for on-demand immunopharmaceutical synthesis. Attributes
of the covalent immunopharmaceuticals are; absence of any synthetically introduced chemical groups,
retained IgG-immunoglobulin binding-avidity and potent selective “targeted” anti-neoplastic cytotoxic potency.
Under in-vivo conditions, supplemental anti-neoplastic cytotoxicity is realized through trophic receptor inhibition
and activation of multiple cytotoxic host immune responses.
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Polymethoxychalcone Mannich Bases and Their Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Han Peipei , Zhou Wenhua , Chen Mingxia , Wang Qiuan
Published: June 2018

A series of eight polymethoxychalcone Mannich base derivatives 2a-2h was synthesized via
the microwave-assisted Mannich reaction of natural product 2'-hydroxy-3,4,4',5,6'-pentamethoxychalcone
(1) with various secondary amines and formaldehyde. Compared to conventional heating method
(80°C), the microwave-assisted method (700W, 65°C) is efficient with short reaction time (0.5-1 h) and
good yields (74-88%). The antiproliferative activities of eight Mannich base derivatives were evaluated
in vitro on a panel of three human cancer cell lines (Hela, HCC1954 and SK-OV-3) by CCK-8 assay.
The results showed that all of the Mannich base derivatives exhibited potential antiproliferative activities
on tested cancer cell lines with the IC50 values of 9.13-48.51 µM. Some active compounds exhibited
more activity as compared to positive control cis-Platin. Among them, compound 2b revealed to
have the strongest antiproliferative activity against all the three cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging
from 9.13 to 11.24 µM.
Design, Synthesis and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Hydrazones and N-acylhydrazones Containing Vitamin B6 and Different Heteroaromatic Nucleus
Authors: Nogueira Thais Cristina Mendonça , dos Santos Cruz Lucas , Lourenço Maria Cristina , de Souza Marcus Vinicius Nora
Published: June 2018

Background:

The term vitamin B6 refers to a set of six compounds, pyridoxine,pyridoxal
,and pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated forms, among which pyridoxal 5´-phosphate (PLP) is
the most important and active form acting as a critical cofactor. These compounds are very useful
in medicinal chemistry because of their structure and functionalities and are also used in bioinorganic
chemistry as ligands for complexation with metals.

Methods:

In this study, a series of hydrazones 1a-g and N-acylhydrazones 2a-f containing vitamin
B6 have been synthesized from commercial pyridoxal hydrochloride and the appropriate aromatic or
heteroaromatic hydrazine or N-acylhydrazine. All synthesized compounds have been fully characterized
and tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Results:

Among the N-acylhydrazones derivatives 2a-f, 2d (para- pyridine substituted Nacylhydrazone;
MIC = 10.90 µM) exhibited the best activity. The ortho-pyridine derivative 2b exhibited
intermediate activity (MIC = 87.32 µM), and the meta-pyridine derivative 2c was inactive.
In case of the hydrazone series 1a-g, 7-chloroquinoxaline derivative 1f (MIC = 72.72 µM) showed
the best result, indicating that the number of nitrogen and chlorine atoms in the radical moiety play an
important role in the anti-tuberculosis activity of the quinoxaline derivatives (1f and 1g).

Conclusion:

The data reported herein indicates that the isoniazid derivative 2d (MIC = 10.90 µM)
exhibited the best activity in the N-acylhydrazone series and; the quinoxaline nucleus derivative 1f
(MIC = 72.72 µM) was the most active compound in the hydrazone series.
Synthesis, Molecular Modelling and Antibacterial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori of Novel Diflunisal Derivatives as Urease Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Coşkun Göknil Pelin , Djikic Teodora , Kalaycı Sadık , Yelekçi Kemal , Şahin Fikrettin , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz
Published: June 2018

Background:

The main factor for the prolongation of the ulcer treatment in the gastrointestinal system would be Helicobacter pylori infection, which can possibly lead to gastrointestinal cancer. Triple therapy is the treatment of choice by today's standards. However, observed resistance among the bacterial strains can make the situation even worse. Therefore, there is a need to discover new targeted antibacterial therapy in order to make success in the eradication of H. pylori infections.

Methods:

The targeted therapy rule is to identify the related macromolecules that are responsible for the survival of the bacteria. Thus, 2-[(2',4'-difluoro-4-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)carbonyl]-N- (substituted)hydrazinocarbothioamide (3-13) and 5-(2',4'-difluoro-4-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-4- (substituted)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (14-17) were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro against H. pylori.

Results:

All of the tested compounds showed remarkable antibacterial activity compared to the standard drugs (Ornidazole, Metronidazole, Nitrimidazin and Clarithromycin). Compounds 4 and 13 showed activity as 2µg/ml MIC value.

Conclusion:

In addition, we have investigated binding modes and energy of the compounds 4 and 13 on urease enzyme active by using the molecular docking tools.
Pro- to Anti-angiogenic Ratio in Preeclampsia
Authors: Kharb Simmi , Tiwari Radha , Nanda Smiti
Published: June 2018

Background:

During fetal development, human placenta undergoes both angiogenesis
and vasculogenesis. An imbalance in proangiogenic [placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular
endothelial growth factor] and antiangiogenic factors [soluble fms like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1),
soluble endoglin (sEng)] seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 is induced by ROS (reactive oxygen species) and NO (nitric oxide) and
was recently discovered to be involved in angiogenesis.

Methods:

Hence, the present study was designed to analyze the proangiogenic and antiangiogenic
role of heme oxygenase-1 and endoglin in maternal and cord blood of normotensive and preeclamptic
women. Fifty pregnant women were selected and grouped as group 1 (control, n=25) comprising
of normotensive women immediately after delivery; group 2 (study group) comprising of age -and
sex-matched preeclamptic women. Study samples were drawn (maternal venous blood and umbilical
cord blood) and heme oxygenase-1 and endoglin levels were analyzed by competitive enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay.

Results:

Maternal and cord blood heme oxygenase-1 levels were significantly elevated in
preeclamptic mothers as compared to normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). Serum and cord
blood endoglin levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic women as compared to normotensive
pregnant women (p<0.001). HO-1/Eng ratio was drastically doubled in preeclamptics as compared
to normotensive pregnant women. In normotensive [HO]/ [Eng+ IGF] were lower in normotensive
pregnant and drastically increased in preeclamptics.

Conclusion:

The findings of a present study indicating a shift towards antiangiogenic profile in
women with preeclampsia confirm their possible role to induce characteristic clinical manifestations
of preeclampsia such as proteinuria and hypertension.
Classification of Fish Sauce Origin by Means of Electronic Nose Fingerprint and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Compounds
Authors: Fu Ao , Mei Huanchun , Zhou Hong , Zhao Li , Yuan Meilan , Jiang Yong
Published: June 2018

Background:

Volatile compounds in fish sauce may vary due to the species of fish, ingredients,
processing period, temperature, and even the preference of people in each area. It is necessary
to study a method of distinguishing the origins of fish sauce. The aims of this paper are to introduce a
method to classification of fish sauce origin by means of electronic nose fingerprint and gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry of volatile compounds and the two artificial neural networks are used to
predict the origins of fish sauce.

Methods:

Headspace sampling-solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass
spectrometric analysis and electronic nose were used to analysze volatile compounds in different origins
of fish sauce, and these dates predicted the origins of fish sauce by artificial neural networks.

Results:

94 volatile compounds were identified by Automatic mass spectral deconvolution and identification
system, out of which 44 are from Guangdong, 53 from our laboratory, 51 from Vietnam, 47
and 45 from Thailand. Then electronic nose was applied to identify the origin of fish sauce, and the
data were analyzed using principal component analysis and load analysis. The fish sauce from different
origin can be classified well on the PCA plot. Lastly, two artificial neural networks are used to
predict the origins of fish sauce, and the accuracy rates of radial basis and gradient descent both are
93.33%.

Conclusion:

That illustrates that we can provide a quick method to distinguish fish sauce products of
different origins. These results indicated that the combinations of multiple analysis and identification
methods could make up the limitations of a single method, enhance the accuracy of identification, and
provide useful information for product development.
A Fluorescent g-C3N4 Nanosensor for Detection of Dichromate Ions
Authors: Shiravand Ghasem , Badiei Alireza , Goldooz Hassan , Karimi Mehdi , Ziarani Ghodsi M. , Faridbod Farnoush , Ganjali Mohammad R.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Dichromate (Cr2O7
2-) ion is one of the carcinogenic and toxic spices in
environment which can easily contaminate the environment due to its high solubility in water. Therefore,
a lot of attention has been focused on the detection of Cr2O7
2- with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Methods:

In present work, nitrogen-rich precursor was used for synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride
(g-C3N4) nanostructures through hydrothermal oxidation of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The prepared
nanostructures show two distinct fluorescence emissions centered at 368 and 450 nm which are highly
sensitive toward Cr2O7
2- ions.

Results:

The as-prepared g-C3N4 was characterized by several techniques such as Fourier-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and
fluorescence emission spectra. The XRD pattern of prepared nanostructures illustrated two diffraction
patterns (at 13.4° and 27.6°) indicating tri-s-tri-azine-based structures. The g-C3N4 exhibited good selectivity
and sensitivity toward Cr2O7
2- among other anions. According to titration test, the detection
limit and stern-volmer constant (Ksv) were calculated as 40 nM and 0.13×106 M-1, respectively. The
investigation of quenching mechanism shows that Cr2O7
2- may form hydrogen bonding with surface
groups of g-C3N4 (such as NH2, OH and COOH) resulted in more fluorescence quenching in comparison
with the pure inner filter effect.

Conclusion:

The g-C3N4 nanostructures were successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal oxidation.
The as-prepared g-C3N4 can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the selective
determination of Cr2O7
2 ion among other anions. The quenching mechanism was experimentally studied.
According to reliable responses in real sample tests, it can be proposed that g-C3N4 nanostructure
is a suitable sensitive nanosensor for detection of Cr2O7
2 ions in aqueous media.
Comparison of UV- and Derivative-Spectrophotometric and HPTLC UVDensitometric Methods for the Determination of Amrinone and Milrinone in Bulk Drugs
Authors: Gackowski Marcin , Koba Marcin , Kruszewski Stefan
Published: June 2018

Background:

Spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography have been commonly applied
in pharmaceutical analysis for many years due to low cost, simplicity and short time of execution.
Moreover, the latest modifications including automation of those methods have made them very effective
and easy to perform, therefore, the new UV- and derivative spectrophotometry as well as high performance
thin layer chromatography UV-densitometric (HPTLC) methods for the routine estimation of
amrinone and milrinone in pharmaceutical formulation have been developed and compared in this work
since European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 has yet incorporated in an analytical monograph a method for quantification
of those compounds.

Methods:

For the first method the best conditions for quantification were achieved by measuring the
lengths between two extrema (peak-to-peak amplitudes) 252 and 277 nm in UV spectra of standard
solutions of amrinone and a signal at 288 nm of the first derivative spectra of standard solutions of milrinone.
The linearity between D252-277 signal and concentration of amironone and 1D288 signal of milrinone
in the same range of 5.0-25.0 μg ml/ml in DMSO:methanol (1:3 v/v) solutions presents the square
correlation coefficient (r2) of 0,9997 and 0.9991, respectively. The second method was founded on
HPTLC on silica plates, 1,4-dioxane:hexane (100:1.5) as a mobile phase and densitometric scanning at
252 nm for amrinone and at 271 nm for milrinone.

Results:

The assays were linear over the concentration range of 0,25-5.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9959) and
0,25-10.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9970) for amrinone and milrinone, respectively. The mean recoveries percentage
were 99.81 and 100,34 for amrinone as well as 99,58 and 99.46 for milrinone, obtained with
spectrophotometry and HPTLC, respectively.

Conclusion:

The comparison between two elaborated methods leads to the conclusion that UV and
derivative spectrophotometry is more precise and gives better recovery, and that is why it should be
applied for routine estimation of amrinone and milrinone in bulk drug, pharmaceutical forms and for
therapeutic monitoring of the drug.
Voltage Sag Detection in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plant for Low Voltage Ride-Through Control
Authors: Al-Shetwi Ali Qasem , Sujod Muhamad Zahim
Published: June 2018

Background:

Due to the high level of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) penetration into
power grids, disconnections of these plants during faults are no longer possible as it may cause problems
concerning stability, quality, and operation of the power system. Therefore, new grid codes
have been established with low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability standard requirements for
grid-connected PVPPs that should be met. Therefore, for an efficient LVRT control, the fast and
precise sag detection strategy is essential for the system to switch from normal operation to LVRT
mode of operation.

Methods:

For this purpose, this paper presents a two automatic fault detection methods which are
RMS-based (d-q) components of grid voltage and positive sequence voltage. These methods were
utilized to determine the beginning and end of a voltage sag and to determine the sag depth to regulate
the required reactive current that should be injected according to the LVRT standard requirements.
The operating method depends on calculating present grid voltage under faults to the nominal
voltage that identifies the sags’ depth and therefore inject the required amount of reactive power accordingly.
Also, a comparison between the two proposed methods regarding response speed and accuracy
was made. The effectiveness of these detection strategies is that it can be integrated into the
voltage source inverter (VSI) without utilizing additional external hardware or software programming.

Results:

The simulation results demonstrated a good precision and how straightforward the proposed
methods’ usage is, proving that the RMS method is faster and more accurate than positive sequence
method.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, it was found that RMS detection algorithm is preferred for a more accurate
and efficient LVRT control.
Social Value Chains: A New Organizational Framework for Studies on State-Society Relations in China
Authors: Han Jun , Ma Ji , Wang Zhong
Published: June 2018

In the past three decades, many studies have emerged to conceptualize the changing state-society relations in China. Yet, less attention has been paid to what kinds of social sector organizations these competing or conflicting studies were empirically examining. This lack of a synthesis of the organizational foundations of these studies has resulted in fragmentation and weak generalization of the arguments on Chinese state-society relations. To address this issue, this article systematically reviews the organizational bases in the extant literature on the Chinese state-society relations. It then constructs an inclusive organizational framework, social value chains (SVCs), for future research by combining two mainstream organizational forms in extant research with two understudied organizational types. This new organizational framework includes four types of social sector organizations: infrastructure organizations, financial organizations, support organizations, and operating organizations. This article concludes by revealing potential applications of the new organizational framework to guide future research on state-society relations in China.
Factors Influencing Choice When Enrolling at a Fitness Center
Authors: Jang Won Yong , Choi Kyoungho
Published: June 2018

We investigated factors influencing enrollment choice at fitness centers in South Korea to estimate the relative importance of each factor to the customers. We analyzed data obtained from 283 customers who were enrolled at fitness centers in Seoul. Results were as follows: First, equipment,
environment, accessibility, and membership fee were the primary factors that influenced customers' enrollment at fitness centers; second, customers placed membership fee as most important, then environment, accessibility, and equipment, in that order. We also examined the relative importance
of choice factors according to how long individuals had been enrolled and exercised at the center. Results indicated that all customers made the same choices for the order of importance of the factors regardless of the length of time they had been enrolled at and using the center. However,
results revealed that as the period of time they had been exercising at the center increased, the relative importance of the factors that directly affect exercise environment and equipment increased—that is environment and equipment—whereas the importance of membership fee and
accessibility, which do not directly influence exercise, decreased. These results indicate that, for effective customer retention, managers of fitness centers should conduct customer segmentation by taking into consideration how long each individual customer has been coming to exercise at
the center, and the factors considered important to each.
Designing patent policies suited to developing countries needs
Authors: Correa Carlos
Published: June 2018

Despite the internationalization of the patent system that started morethan one century ago and, particularly, the establishment of minimum standardsof protection under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRights (TRIPS), States still enjoy a certain degree of discretion to determinekey substantive aspects relating to the grant of patents. Initiatives for furtherharmonization of the system have not materialized yet. Recent trends in somedeveloped countries point to a drastic relaxation of the standards of patentability,particularly in connection with the inventive step. Developing countries neednot follow the same approach; they may apply strict standards of patentabilitycompatible with their innovation systems and reward incremental innovationsby means of utility models rather than patents. They may also develop rules todeal with the specificities of traditional knowledge.
Experiências internacionais de seguro rural: as novas perspectivas de política agrícola para o Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Ana Lúcia Carvalho Jardim , Ferreira Léo Da Rocha
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo elaborar uma resenha e avaliar asprincipais experiências internacionais de seguro rural, tendo em vista a experiênciabrasileira. Neste sentido, analisa a evolução dos programas de seguro ruraldos Estados Unidos e Canadá nos últimos anos. Conclui que a participação dogoverno é fundamental para viabilizar o seguro rural em caso de eventos catastróficos,de modo a conferir maior sustentabilidade ao processo produtivo e aoagronegócio, proporcionando maior estabilidade de renda, estabilidade sociale a geração de empregos para os agricultores e suas famílias.
Política para o setor elétrico da UniãoEuropeia: rumos contrários ao processode integração econômica
Authors: Leite André Luís da Silva , De Castro Nivalde José
Published: June 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a política para o setor elétricoda União Europeia. Mostra-se que, basicamente, há três políticas adotadas: i)política de redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa; ii) o caráter eminentementedoméstico da administração dos congestionamentos de transmissão;e iii) a formação das grandes empresas conhecidas como Campeãs Nacionais.Mostra-se que estas políticas, por serem adotadas de forma unilateral, têm operadocomo óbices a um mercado integrado e competitivo.
Perspectivas para a indústria eletrônica brasileira: o caso da produção de bens de instrumentação e controle de processos para a cadeia do petróleo e gás natural
Authors: Prochnik Victor
Published: June 2018

A política industrial brasileira busca ampliar a participação da produção nacional nas compras da cadeia produtiva de petróleo e gás (CPG) e aumentar as atividades de inovação entre os fornecedores.Mas este artigo procura mostrar que o segmento de instrumentação e controle de processos tende a continuar abastecendo as compras da cadeia através de importações, com baixos investimentos em capacidade produtiva e P&D, apesar do rápido crescimento das demandas da CPG. Isto porque as empresas internacionais têm outras estratégias, centralizar a produção em outros países onde já têm instalações maiores e priorizar mercados emergentes da Ásia. As empresas de capital nacional, por sua vez, são muito pequenas para competir em pé de igualdade com as multinacionais. Por isto, este artigo discute medidas de política industrial para levar aos objetivos pretendidos, sem diminuir a competitividade da CPG.
O desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Nordeste e Sudeste de acordo com o tamanho das cidades - 1991 e 2000
Authors: Soares Cristiane , Teixeira Joanilio Rodolpho
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo elaborar um novo índice dedesenvolvimento social para os municípios brasileiros da região Nordeste eSudeste de acordo com o tamanho da população, para os anos 1991 e 2000.Além disso, busca avaliar de forma crítica o grau de subjetividade nestestipos de medidas de bem-estar na seleção de indicadores, definição de pesos,valores de referência (pior/melhor) que, de certa forma, impactam nos valoresdos índices e ordenamento das regiões ou áreas que estão sendo comparadas,bem como podem levar a distintas interpretações da realidade. Por fim, usandoo método de regressão de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), é avaliadoo grau de explicação de cada dimensão no índice proposto, bem como arelação entre as variações no desenvolvimento social e o crescimento do PIBper capita entre 2002 e 2006 e a magnitude em que cada um pode influenciaro outro.
Política comercial brasileira: possíveis impactos de uma redução nas tarifas de importação dos setores automotivo e têxtil
Authors: Vianna Catarina Carvalho , Lima João Policarpo R.
Published: June 2018

Os países têm se envolvido em negociações, como blocos econômicose negociações multilaterais, visando uma redução ou eliminação das barreirascomerciais entre eles. A participação do Brasil nas negociações da OrganizaçãoMundial do Comércio – OMC e do Mercado Comum do Sul – MERCOSULé um reflexo desse cenário. Este trabalho analisa os impactos das políticascomerciais adotadas pelo Brasil que visam reduzir tarifas de importação. Foifeita uma simulação de uma redução tarifária utilizando como exemplo o setorautomotivo e têxtil. O modelo de redução tarifária foi baseado na FórmulaSuíça proposto pela OMC para países em desenvolvimento. A simulaçãoencontrou tarifas de importação muito abaixo da média praticada pelo Brasilque podem trazer conseqüências negativas para os setores estudados. Foimensurado, utilizando a elasticidade dos produtos do setor automotivo etêxtil, o volume a ser importado por ambos os setores, após a aplicação daFórmula Suíça. Os resultados mostraram que a elasticidade dos produtos foifundamental para decidir o volume importado, já que produtos mais elásticosapresentaram um maior crescimento nas importações, enquanto que produtosinelásticos apresentaram um crescimento bem inferior que os demais.
Um modelo alternativo ao Novo Consenso para economia aberta: evidências para a economia brasileira no período 1999 – 2014
Authors: Summa Ricardo , Santolin Roberto
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar empiricamente a validade de uma explicação teórica alternativa sobre como funciona de fato o SMI no Brasil. Nesse modelo teórico alternativo, a inflação é principalmente de custos (e portanto não é de demanda) e seu controle é feito via variação da taxa de câmbio, que em ultima instancia responde a taxa de juros básica fixada exognamente pelo Banco Central.  Utilizaremos um modelo de Autorregressão Vetorial (VAR) para avaliar se os dados da economia brasileira corroboram os canais de transmissão de curto e longo prazo propostos em modelo teórico alternativo. Os resultados do modelo estimado apontam para a importancia do canal de custo da inflação e da política de determinação da taxa de juros para o controle da inflação via mudanças na taxa de câmbio e na inflação importada (em R$).
Estrutura Produtiva da Economia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Uma Análise de Insumo-Produto
Authors: Silva Thandara Maria Kathleen da , Cabral Joilson De Assis , Cabral Maria Viviana De Freitas
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho buscou analisar a estrutura produtiva do estado do Rio de Janeiro e suas relações intra e inter-setoriais. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de insumo-produto e seus principais indicadores, quais sejam: índice de Rasmussen-Hirschmann e os multiplicadores de produção, emprego e renda. A análise dos índices de encadeamento permitiu identificar três setores-chave: Mineração, Refino de petróleo e coque e Energia elétrica. Já os resultados dos multiplicadores confirmaram a importância da atividade petrolífera na geração, direta e indireta, de produção e renda. Desta forma, considerando a vocação petrolífera da economia fluminense e as limitações externas que recaem sobre esta atividade produtiva, torna-se necessária a coordenação de uma série de políticas públicas que estimulem outros setores econômicos, especialmente os de alto conteúdo tecnológico, uma vez que são capazes de dinamizar a economia como um todo reduzindo, por conseguinte, a vulnerabilidade externa existente no setor petrolífero.
Financeirização e investimento produtivo: uma análise das empresas não financeiras do Novo Mercado da Bovespa.
Authors: Miranda Bernardo Pádua Jardim de , Matos Cirlene Maria de
Published: June 2018

O processo de financeirização tem direcionado a governança das empresas não financeiras para a criação de riqueza ao acionista, resultando em um crescimento mais lento do imobilizado. Este artigo objetiva analisar como a financeirização afeta o investimento produtivo das empresas não financeiras do Novo Mercado da Bovespa em 2012. Foi realizada uma Análise Qualitativa Comparativa com conjuntos fuzzy (fsQCA) e uma Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP) utilizando dados dos relatórios contábeis. Os resultados mostraram que aplicações financeiras elevadas são a principal característica da financeirização das empresas do Novo Mercado e que este processo afetou negativamente a taxa de investimento.
Gênero, estrutura ocupacional e diferenciais de rendimento
Authors: Soares Cristiane , Oliveira Sonia
Published: June 2018

aaa
Um estado fundido: Contribuições para o debate em torno da "desfusão" dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e da Guanabara
Authors: Araújo Vitor Leonardo de
Published: June 2018

aaa
Diferencial de rendimento por cor e sexo no Brasil (1987-2001)
Authors: Matos Raquel Silvério , Machado Ana Flávia
Published: June 2018

aaa
Neoliberalismo e concentração de mercado no Brasil: A emergência de uma contradição?
Authors: Amann Edmund , Baer Werner
Published: June 2018

aaa
J. K. Galbraith's challenge to the accepted sequence: the management of the consumer
Authors: Dunn Stephen P. , Anderson Stacey J.
Published: June 2018

aaa
Measuring Protein Synthesis Rate In Living Object Using Flooding Dose And Constant Infusion Methods
Authors: Ulyarti Ulyarti
Published: June 2018

Constant infusion is a method used for measuring protein synthesis rate in living object which uses low concentration of amino acid tracers. Flooding dose method is another technique used to measure the rate of protein synthesis which uses labelled amino acid together with large amount of unlabelled amino acid.  The latter method was firstly developed to solve the problem in determination of precursor pool arise from constant infusion method.  The objective of this writing is to compare the results from several researches on measuring protein synthesis rate using flooding dose and constant infusion methods and to obtain the criteria or prerequisite on the type of sample and tracer for each method. The measurements of protein synthesis rate using both methods are presented and results from both methods are compared.  Both methods are eligible for measuring protein synthesis rate as long as the true precursor can be measured.  The uncertainties in determining the precursor in constant infusion method and the effect of flooding on the stimulation of protein are the limitation on using the two methods. Bolus injection which imitates the flooding dose method but using smaller dose of tracer can be a good alternative in measuring protein synthesis rate.
The Continuing Evolution of Auditor Reporting in the Broker-Dealer Industry: Issues and Opportunities
Authors: Kowaleski Zachary T. , Cannon Nathan H. , Schnader Anne L. , Bedard Jean C.
Published: June 2018

Over the past decade, there have been significant changes to the regulatory environment for broker-dealer (BD) audits, as it shifted from private to public oversight. These changes unfolded in stages, from required PCAOB registration, to interim inspections under long-standing AICPA auditing and attestation standards, to proposal and finalization of new SEC and PCAOB standards, and finally to inspections under PCAOB auditing/attestation standards. This paper summarizes these events and their implications for both the auditing profession and BD audit quality, highlighting progress made, continuing issues, and research opportunities.
The Impact of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) on Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using UK Biobank
Authors: Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Luo Shan , Schooling C. Mary
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), although evidence is primarily observational. Mendelian randomization studies have only examined its relation with subtypes of CVD. We examined the relation of HbA1c with CVD and its subtypes in the UK Biobank using Mendelian randomization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used 38 genetic variants strongly and independently related to HbA1c (n = 123,665) applied to the UK Biobank (n = 392,038). We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) to obtain the associations of HbA1c with CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke (overall and stroke subtypes). Sensitivity analyses included Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger, a weighted median, and exclusion of potentially invalid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also applied the same genetic instruments to CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) 1000 Genomes–based genome-wide association study (n = 184,305) as a validation for CAD.

RESULTS

In the UK Biobank, HbA1c was not associated with CVD using IVW (odds ratio [OR] 1.11 per %, 95% CI 0.83–1.48). However, HbA1c was associated with increased CAD risk (OR 1.50 per %, 95% CI 1.08–2.11) with directionally consistent results from MR-Egger and weighted median. The positive association with CAD was more pronounced when we excluded potentially invalid SNPs (OR 2.24 per %, 95% CI 1.55–3.25). The positive association was replicated in CARDIoGRAM (OR 1.52 per %, 95% CI 1.03–2.26). The association of HbA1c with stroke and its subtypes was less clear given the low number of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

HbA1c likely causes CAD. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: de Geus JL , Wambier LM , Boing TF , Loguercio AD , Reis A
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To perform a systematic review to answer the following research question: Is at-home bleaching in adults with more concentrated carbamide peroxide (CP) gels as effective and safe as bleaching performed with 10% carbamide peroxide gels?

Methods and Materials:

A comprehensive search was carried out in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library and SIGLE, without restrictions. IADR abstracts (1990 to 2016) and unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations and theses (ProQuest Dissertations and Periodicos Capes Theses Databases) were also searched. The risk of bias of the included studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration. We meta-analyzed the data using the random effects model to compare 10% CP and more concentrated CP gels in terms of color change (ΔSGU or ΔE) and risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS). The quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.

Results:

After the database screening, 182 articles remained, and this number was reduced to 17 after examination of the abstracts and/or full texts. Four articles were follow-ups of earlier studies, and thus we collected 13 studies. Ten studies were at unclear risk of bias, while three were at low risk of bias. Lower risk and intensity of TS was observed for 10% CP. The odds ratio for the risk of TS was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.84, p=0.01), and the difference in means for TS intensity was 0.44 (95% CI 0.67 to −0.20, p=0.0003). No significant difference was observed in terms of color change in ΔSGU (difference in means 0.29; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.83, p=0.29) and for ΔE (difference in means −0.16; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.06, p=0.16). Except from the ΔSGU, for which the evidence was graded as low quality, the other outcomes were considered at moderate quality.

Conclusions:

At-home bleaching with 10% CP showed similar bleaching efficacy with lower risk and intensity of TS in comparison with more concentrated carbamide peroxide gels.
Studenters oppfatninger av modelltekster i grunnskolelærerutdanningen
Authors: Gamlem Siv M. , Rogne Wenke M.
Published: June 2018

Denne mixed-methods studien belyser 29 grunnskolelærerstudenters oppfatninger av å bruke modelltekster i arbeid med egen bacheloroppgave. Studien er gjennomført på en lærerutdanningsinstitusjon i Norge. Det er benyttet en survey med påfølgende fokusgruppeintervjuer. Resultat fra studien viser at studentene opplever at modelltekster er til god støtte for deres forståelse av kvaliteter ved en tekst og vurderingskriterier ved en oppgave. Studentene hevder at modelltekster er nyttige verktøy som motiverer til skriving og er til støtte i skriveprosessen. Dette forutsetter imidlertid at lærer forklarer kvaliteter ved modelltekstene. Resultatene fra studien indikerer at det er viktig å bruke flere ulike modelltekster for å få en dypere forståelse og for å hindre plagiat.
English abstract
Students' Perceptions of Model Texts in Primary and Secondary Education
This mixed-method study highlights 29 elementary school teacher students’ perceptions of using model texts in working on their Bachelor theses. The study is conducted in a teacher training institution in Norway. The design consists of a survey and follow-up focus group interviews. Students perceive that model texts support their understanding of quality of a text and assessment criteria. The students claim that model texts are useful tools that motivate and support writing processes, but teachers’ explanations of the quality in model texts seem to be important. Results indicate the importance of using several different model texts to support deeper understanding and prevent plagiarism.
Forensic Pathology and the Utilization of Histology: A Brief Review
Authors: Hanzlick Randy
Published: June 2018

The utilization of histology by forensic pathologists varies. This article is a brief review of how histology is (or perhaps should be) employed in the work of forensic pathologists who perform autopsies in the various death investigation systems in the United States. The review includes information obtained from professional practice guidelines, standards, and other relevant reference sources. General recommendations and conclusions include: if blocks or slides are not prepared, stock tissue should be obtained and retained for a minimum of one year; processing tissues to blocks only is an acceptable alternative to the storage of fixed stock tissue; when the autopsy fails to demonstrate a grossly apparent cause of death (except in skeletal cases), tissues should be processed for microscopic examination; microscopic slides should be performed to document/confirm grossly apparent natural disease processes or to further clarify possible underlying etiologies; focal lesions especially those thought to be inflammatory/infectious, neoplastic, or of a possible genetic/familial origin should be processed to slides; when appropriate, sections should be processed to slides in an attempt to age or date injuries or in an attempt to verify the presence or nature of foreign materials; the autopsy report should include a description of the tissues examined and documentation of relevant positive and negative findings; pertinent microscopic diagnoses should be reflected in the summary of findings in the autopsy report or a written addendum.
Work Location and Effort of Forensic Pathology Fellows who Completed Training in 2012
Authors: Hanzlick Randy L.
Published: June 2018

To assist in projecting the future workforce of forensic pathologists, it is helpful to know the job type and forensic pathology work effort of the forensic pathology fellows who are completing their fellowships. In the Spring of 2012, an on-line survey form was created to obtain information about each forensic pathology fellow in the United States who would be completing their fellowships on or about June 30, 2012. Through an email distribution list of Forensic Pathology Training Program Directors maintained by the author, each of the 36 directors of active programs was notified of the survey.

Forty-two fellows were to complete training in June, 2012. Twenty-eight of the fellows (65%) were women which is the highest percentage on record. The percentage of women has increased each year since 2008 (41% in 2008, 51% in 2009, 58% in 2010, and 65% in 2011). Among the 42 fellows, 32 (76%) will be practicing FP full-time. Only two (5%) will not be practicing FP at all and will be going into another pathology specialty practice. Another three are yet undetermined as to work location and effort, and the remaining four will be doing ad-ditional pathology training. Of the 32 fellows who will be practicing FP full-time, 25 (78%) will be moving to another location to practice forensic pathology. The remaining seven (22%) will remain in the system where they trained.

The current production of approximately 30 full-time, board certified forensic pathologists per year is not enough to meet projected need. Efforts are needed to recruit pathologists into the field and funding is needed to expand forensic pathology training programs.
Alcohol and Heart Disease in the Forensic Setting
Authors: Cunningham Kristopher S.
Published: June 2018

The impacts of chronic high levels of ethanol consumption on cardiovascular structure and function are reviewed as they pertain to forensic pathology practice. Both hypertrophy and remodeling of the myocardium as well as physiological revision of electrical conduction through the heart can occur in a progressive fashion. A discussion about the likely underappreciated spectrum of structural heart disease that may be seen in individuals with chronic alcohol dependence is presented. Finally, brief reference to the collision between alcohol, cardiovascular disease, and forensically relevant scenarios is provided.