bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D reconstruction and morphological characterisation of single wheat grains by X‐ray μCT
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Xiaoliang , Shi Yaping , Ding Haiyang , Hui Yanbo , Gao Ju , Bai Luyao , Wang Qiao
Published: October 2024

The intricate task of achieving three‐dimensional (3D) visual reconstruction of wheat kernels represents a notable challenge within the domain of digital grain analysis, playing a pivotal role in the realms of grain storage, processing, and breeding. However, existing investigations focused on individual kernels predominantly encompass dimensions such as length, width, height, and epidermal texture features, with a tendency to be invasive to the internal organisational structure of the kernel. Non‐local mean filtering algorithm is proposed to segment various tissues, and the 2D grey scale images are extracted from X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT) to reconstruct a meticulous 3D visualisation model of individual wheat grains. Furthermore, building upon this foundation, an exhaustive assessment of morphological and structural parameters pertaining to each facet of the internal organisation of the wheat seed grain is conducted. Notably, these calculated parameters align with data generated by prior researchers，with 80% of the volume of the endosperm, 12% of the pericarp, about 2% of the endosperm and scutellum, and 4% of the pores. The established parameters and resultant 3D visual models serve as foundational components for subsequent in‐depth examinations into various physicochemical properties, including quality characteristics, heat, and mass transfer attributes, as well as variations in its morphological structure during breeding, which are pertinent to individual grains. This research contributes valuable insights and methodologies that can propel the advancement of studies in wheat kernel analysis.
Using IMGT unique numbering for IG allotypes and Fc‐engineered variants of effector properties and half‐life of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Lefranc Gérard
Published: October 2024

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are usually of the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 classes, and their heavy chains may be modified by amino acid (aa) changes involved in antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and/or half‐life. Allotypes and Fc‐engineered variants are classified using IMGT/HGNC gene nomenclature (e.g., Homo sapiens IGHG1). Allotype names follow the WHO/IMGT nomenclature. IMGT‐engineered variant names use the IMGT nomenclature (e.g., Homsap G1v1), which comprises species and gene name (both abbreviated) followed by the letter v (for variant) and a number. Both allotypes and engineered variants are defined by their aa changes and positions, based on the IMGT unique numbering for C domain, identified in sequence motifs, referred to as IMGT topological motifs, as their limits and length are standardized and correspond to a structural feature (e.g., strand or loop). One hundred twenty‐six variants are displayed with their type, IMGT numbering, Eu‐IMGT positions, motifs before and after changes, and their property and function (effector and half‐life). Three motifs characterize effector variants, CH2 1.6–3, 23‐BC‐41, and the FG loop, whereas three different motifs characterize half‐life variants, two on CH2 13‐AB‐18 and 89–96 with H93, and one on CH3 the FG loop with H115.
The effect of organizational silence on the relationship between workplace ostracism and nurses’ procrastination behavior: A structural equation modeling
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Ali Mohamed Saad Saleh , Abdel Razek Noura Mohamed Fadl , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan
Published: October 2024

Aim

This study aims to assess the relationship between workplace ostracism and the procrastination behavior of nurses, as well as examine the effect of organizational silence on this relationship.

Background

Controlling workplace ostracism and eradicating time wasters, especially procrastination behavior among nurses, are key strategies that add value to organizational effectiveness. In addition, remaining silent about significant issues facing nurses is a devastating approach to the success of both healthcare organizations and the nursing profession.

Method

A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 352 nurses recruited from three large university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. Four instruments, namely, the Workplace Ostracism Questionnaire, the Organizational Silence Scale, the Active Procrastination Scale, and the Unintentional Procrastination Scale, were used. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables.

Results

The findings demonstrated a significant positive and moderate association between workplace ostracism and both active and passive procrastination behaviors among nurses. Moreover, there was a strong positive and significant correlation between organizational silence and workplace ostracism. The results of mediation revealed that the indirect effect of workplace ostracism on both active and passive procrastination behavior through organizational silence was statistically significant, suggesting that organizational silence partially mediated this relationship.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the ongoing challenges posed by toxic workplace issues, such as organizational ostracism and silence, as significant factors contributing to nurses' procrastination behaviors. Not only do these factors directly impact nurses' productivity, but they also interact to exacerbate negative outcomes in nursing care. Addressing these toxic dynamics is critical to improving nurse performance and ensuring quality care in healthcare settings.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study offers new insights for navigating toxicity and upgrading nursing productivity in healthcare organizations through fostering a more inclusive and communicative work environment. Promoting team cohesion and ensuring that all staff members feel valued and included can reduce feelings of isolation that may lead to procrastination. Also, creating safe spaces for nurses to voice concerns without fear of reprisal could significantly diminish passive procrastination, which ultimately enhances overall patient care quality and organizational efficiency.
Endemism Centres of the Five Richest Vascular Epiphyte Families in the Neotropics
Authors: Carmona‐Higuita Maria Judith , Mendieta‐Leiva Glenda , Gómez‐Díaz Jorge Antonio , Villalobos Fabricio , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Elias João Pedro Costa , Jiménez‐López Derio Antonio , Zuluaga Alejandro , Holst Bruce , Kessler Michael , Mathieu Guido , Zizka Alexander , Zotz Gerhard , Krömer Thorsten
Published: October 2024

Aim

Endemic species, characterised by limited geographic ranges, face a high risk of extinction. The neotropical region harbours diverse ecosystems and a substantial number of endemic species, thus identifying areas of high endemism is crucial for protecting unique and threatened species and ecosystems. Vascular epiphytes—nonparasitic plants that grow on other plants without contact with the soil—exhibit remarkable diversity in the neotropics, with 63% of the global total of ca. 31,000 epiphyte species found in this region. This study aims to describe the endemism centres for the five most species‐rich families of vascular epiphytes.

Location

Neotropics.

Taxon

Tracheophyta.

Methods

We gathered information from free‐access web repositories, specific epiphytic plant databases and scientific and grey literature on epiphyte species of the families Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, Piperaceae and Polypodiaceae within the neotropical realm as defined by Morrone et al. (2022). Geographical ranges were calculated using minimum convex polygons for 11,446 species, accounting for about 70% of all epiphyte species in the neotropics. Narrow endemic species were defined as those within the first quartile of the density distribution of geographic range sizes within each family and we identified endemism centres for epiphyte species of the five families.

Results

Our study identified endemism centres for vascular epiphyte species in several biogeographic provinces, including Paramo, Cauca, Guatuso‐Talamanca, Atlantic, Yungas and Puntarenas‐Chiriqui. Orchidaceae, accounting for most of the analysed species (71%), drove the overall distribution pattern; however, endemism patterns varied among families.

Main Conclusions

Regions with high epiphyte richness exhibited a greater proportion of endemic species, though the composition of epiphyte species varied considerably among regions. The endemism centres identified in this study could be prioritised as conserved and protected areas.
Phylogeography of the Red‐Headed Manakin Supports the River‐Refuge Hypothesis
Authors: Mikkelsen Else , Lavareda Diogo , Vallinoto Marcelo , Aleixo Alexandre , Weir Jason
Published: October 2024

Aim

The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions on earth, but our understanding of the processes that have shaped its patterns of diversity remains incomplete. One hypothesis for Amazonian speciation is the river‐refuge hypothesis, which suggests that retraction of forests away from the periphery of Amazonia, where rivers are narrow, facilitated divergence of populations separated by wide rivers. Later re‐expansion of forests would have allowed secondary contact between these populations, and co‐occurring hybrid zones may reveal the location where expanding forests first reconnected. Here, we test whether a widespread Amazonian songbird species shows evidence of population contact zones in the eastern headwaters of the Tapajós river, hypothesised to be an area of secondary contact under the river‐refuge hypothesis.

Location

Amazon and Atlantic forests of South America.

Taxon

Ceratopipra rubrocapilla (Pipridae, Passeriformes).

Methods

We sampled 147 C. rubrocapilla (Red‐headed Manakin) across its vast range, with 70 samples sequenced using reduced‐representation genomic sequencing and 139 sequenced at the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. We use population genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate patterns of gene flow and population structure across the range, with a particular focus on samples from the headwaters of the Tapajós River to evaluate the potential role of the river‐refuge hypothesis.

Results

We observe shallow population structure and evidence for widespread gene flow across the range of C. rubrocapilla. Patterns in the Tapajós headwaters match predictions of the river‐refuge hypothesis, with eastern headwater samples most similar to samples farther west on the opposite bank of the Tapajós River.

Main Conclusions

The close co‐occurrence between population contact zones within C. rubrocapilla and other previously studied hybrid zones reinforces the hypothesis that the eastern Tapajós headwaters is where rainforest populations reconnected in the past, following predictions of the river‐refuge hypothesis of Amazonian speciation.
Neural network‐assisted localization of clustered point spread functions in single‐molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Choudhury Pranjal , Boruah Bosanta R.
Published: October 2024

Single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), which has revolutionized nanoscale imaging, faces challenges in densely labelled samples due to fluorophore clustering, leading to compromised localization accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)‐assisted approach to address the issue of locating the clustered fluorophores. Our CNN is trained on a diverse data set of simulated SMLM images where it learns to predict point spread function (PSF) locations by generating Gaussian blobs as output. Through rigorous evaluation, we demonstrate significant improvements in PSF localization accuracy, especially in densely labelled samples where traditional methods struggle. In addition, we employ blob detection as a post‐processing technique to refine the predicted PSF locations and enhance localization precision. Our study underscores the efficacy of CNN in addressing clustering challenges in SMLM, thereby advancing spatial resolution and enabling deeper insights into complex biological structures.
Difference between sentinel and non‐sentinel lymph nodes in the distribution of dendritic cells and macrophages: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study using gastric regional nodes obtained in sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer
Authors: Sonoda Tomohiro , Arigami Takaaki , Aoki Masaya , Matsushita Daisuke , Shimonosono Masataka , Tsuruda Yusuke , Sasaki Ken , Ohtsuka Takao , Murakami Gen
Published: October 2024

The sentinel lymph node (SN) concept has a significant impact on cancer surgery. We aimed to examine which morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages corresponds to “preconditioning” of the SN against cancer. Although macrophages are generally able to tolerate cancer metastasis, the CD169‐positive subtype is believed to be a limited exception. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses were performed to examine DC‐SIGN‐, CD68‐, and CD169‐positive cells in SNs and non‐SNs of 23 patients with gastric cancer with or without nodal metastasis. All patients survived for >5 years without recurrence. DCs were present in the subcapsular, paracortical, and medullary sinuses, the endothelia of which expressed DC‐SIGN and smooth muscle actin (SMA). In the non‐SNs of patients without metastasis, subcapsular DCs occupied a larger area than SNs, and this difference was statistically significant. Conversely, subcapsular DCs were likely to have migrated to the paracortical area of the SNs. DC clusters often overlapped with macrophage clusters; however, histiocytosis‐like clusters of CD169‐negative macrophages showed a smaller overlap. We found a significantly larger overlap between DC‐SIGN and CD169‐positive clusters in SNs than in non‐SNs; the larger overlap seemed to correspond to a higher cross‐presentation of cancer antigens between these cell populations. DC‐SIGN–CD169‐double positive cells might exist within this overlap. SNs in gastric cancers are usually preconditioned as a frontier of cancer immunity, but they may sometimes be suppressed earlier than non‐SNs. DC‐SIGN‐ and CD169‐positive cells appeared to decrease owing to a long lag time from the primary lesion occurrence and a short distance from the metastasis.
A mixed‐method exploratory study of weight‐based mistreatment at work
Authors: Lemmon Grace , Jensen Jaclyn M. , Kuljanin Goran , Chu‐Jacoby Renee
Published: October 2024

Across two studies, this exploratory research examines stigma faced by larger‐bodied people by exploring the phenomenon of weight‐based mistreatment (WBM), defined as interpersonal disrespect levied on a person explicitly due to their larger body size, at work. Through qualitative research we first describe distinct forms of WBM experienced by 175 self‐defined overweight US employees, as well as consequences of WBM for bullied targets and their organizations. Next, through a quantitative survey distributed to a separate sample of larger‐bodied workers, our exploratory evaluation of WBM found that it is all‐too common in many forms, including overt and covert aggression, microaggression, incivility, and benevolent, yet disrespectful comments oriented around a person's weight. One or more forms of these behaviours were experienced by 75% of our 1008‐person sample, with overt and covert aggression being most common, and coworkers most often perpetrating WBM. Drawing on objectification theory, we observe a host of harmful consequences ranging from diminished engagement, worsened professional interactions, and a lack of self‐care. Altogether, results reveal WBM is a substantial problem, and thus they serve as a call to action for HR professionals, managers, and inclusion advocates to better understand the experiences of this vulnerable population.
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and laboratory predictor of activity in children with ulcerative colitis: A single‐centre study
Authors: Behairy Ahmed Said , Hussein Gehan , Afifi Ahmed , Michel Mary , Hasnoon Amera M
Published: October 2024

Aim

We aimed to detect subclinical cardiac impairment in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and test the association between absolute monocytic count (AMC) and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) with disease activity.

Methods

A group of children with UC and a comparable group as healthy controls were included. All children underwent history‐taking, clinical examination and blood testing for complete blood counts with white blood cell differentials, LMR and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Disease severity was assessed using the Paediatric UC Activity Index score. We used echocardiography for tissue Doppler, M‐Mode, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricular function assessment.

Results

Forty children were included, 20 with UC as cases, and 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was mild in 75% cases and moderate in 25% cases. Cases had significantly higher ESR than the control group (P < 0.001). Among cases, positive correlations were observed between monocytic, and platelet counts with left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (r = 0.5, P = 0.02; r = 0.5, P = 0.03). Children with UC had significantly lower ejection fraction and impaired left ventricular systolic function compared to the control group (P < 0.001) assessed by 3D STE, yet this observation was not reached by the conventional method (P = 0.3).

Conclusions

In children with UC, 3D STE could detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction that conventional echocardiography could not. AMC and LMR showed no significant difference between children with UC and controls.
Radiographs are of limited use and low cost‐effectiveness when combined with ultrasound for abdominal restaging in dogs with solid, soft tissue tumours
Authors: Bevelock T. J. , Skinner O. T. , Baumgardner R. M. , Dean L. , Matheson J. S. , Mickelson M. A. , Donnelly L. L. , Hutcheson K. D.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purposes of this study were to assess the frequency of detection of clinically relevant findings by abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound during restaging of solid, soft tissue tumours in dogs and to determine the cost per clinically relevant finding for both modalities.

Materials and Methods

The medical records of 159 dogs which underwent a total of 223 restaging episodes following a diagnosis of a solid, soft tissue tumour within, or with potential for metastasis to, the abdomen were reviewed. Data collected from the sample dogs were reviewed for clinically relevant findings, including local recurrence, lymph node or intra‐abdominal metastasis, and other changes that would influence prognosis or management. The clinically relevant findings were compared between abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound. The cost per clinically relevant finding was calculated per modality based on current hospital costs.

Results

Clinically relevant findings were observed in 158 restaging episodes. Ninety‐two clinically relevant findings were detected with ultrasound alone, and 65 clinically relevant findings were detected with a combination of both modalities. Only one dog had a clinically relevant finding detected with radiographs alone. Findings were identified significantly more frequently with ultrasound than radiographs. Cost per clinically relevant finding was 495 USD (approx. 373 GBP/448 EUR) for abdominal radiographs and 323 USD (approx. 242 GBP/292 EUR) for abdominal ultrasound.

Clinical Significance

Abdominal radiographs were of minimal use beyond abdominal ultrasound for restaging in this study, despite a higher cost per clinically relevant finding than abdominal ultrasound. This study does not support routine use of abdominal radiographs during routine restaging of solid, soft tissue tumours.
Medical dissolution of presumptive upper urinary tract struvite uroliths in 6 dogs (2012‐2018)
Authors: Manoharan Sindumani A. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. , Purdon Kira , Bagley Demetrius
Published: October 2024

Background

Minimally invasive approaches are the standard for treatment of upper urinary tract uroliths in humans.

Objective

To describe the medical dissolution of upper urinary tract uroliths in a series of dogs and report clinical outcomes.

Animals

6 female dogs (9 kidneys).

Methods

Retrospective case series. A review of medical records in dogs that underwent medical dissolution of upper urinary tract uroliths utilizing diet, administration of antibiotics, and double‐pigtail ureteral stent(s) placement, when indicated, was performed. Medical management was generally continued for 4 weeks beyond urolith dissolution. Information on biochemical, microbiological, imaging, and clinical outcomes before and after dissolution were recorded.

Results

Six dogs (9 kidneys) were included with bilateral (3) or unilateral (3) nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, or a combination. A ureteral stent(s) was placed endoscopically in 5/6 dogs (6/9 kidneys) for obstructive ureterolithiasis (n = 5) or a nonobstructive massive nephrolith (n = 1). All dogs had a positive urine culture of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius with a median urine pH of 7.25 (range, 6.5‐8) and 4/5 had pyonephrosis. All dogs had initial evidence of urolith dissolution at a median of 1.1 months (range, 0.42‐5.9), with complete dissolution of ureteroliths at a median of 3.9 months (range, 1.5‐7.6), nephroliths at 5.3 months (range, 1.5‐7.6), and lower urinary tract uroliths at 0.87 months (range, 0.42‐5.9). Stents were removed in 3/6 once dissolution was documented. The median follow‐up time was 519 days (range, 177‐2492 days).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Medical dissolution and decompression of upper urinary tract struvite uroliths should be considered a minimally invasive treatment for dogs before more invasive options.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Is Involved in Maintaining Queen Hallmarks of a Termite
Authors: Okwaro Louis Allan , Korb Judith
Published: October 2024

The role of epigenetics in regulating caste polyphenism in social insects has been debated. Here, we tested the importance of histone de/acetylation processes for the maintenance of queen hallmarks like a high fecundity and a long lifespan. To this end, we performed RNA interference experiments against histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the termite Cryptotermes secundus. Fat body transcriptomes and chemical communication profiles revealed that silencing of HDAC3 leads to signals indicative of queen hallmarks. This includes fostering of queen signalling, defence against ageing and a reduction of life‐shortening IIS (insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signalling) and endocrine JH (juvenile hormone) signalling via Kr‐h1 (Krüppel‐homologue 1). These observed patterns were similar to those of a protein‐enriched diet, which might imply that histone acetylation conveys nutritional effects. Strikingly, in contrast to solitary insects, reduced endocrine JH signalling had no negative effect on fecundity‐related vitellogenesis in the fat bodies. This suggests an uncoupling of longevity pathways from fecundity in fat bodies, which can help explain queens' extraordinary lifespans combined with high fecundity.
Small ubiquitin‐like modifier protease gene TaDSU enhances salt tolerance of wheat
Authors: Xiao Guilian , Jiang Zhengning , Xing Tian , Chen Ye , Zhang Hongjian , Qian Jiajia , Wang Xiutang , Wang Yanxia , Xia Guangmin , Wang Mengcheng
Published: October 2024

To identify efficient salt‐tolerant genes is beneficial for coping with the penalty of salt stress on crop yield. Reversible conjugation (sumoylation and desumoylation) of Small Ubiquitin‐Like Modifier (SUMO) is a crucial kind of protein modifications, but its roles in the response to salt and other abiotic stress are not well addressed.

Here, we identify salt‐tolerant SUMO protease gene TaDSU for desumoylation from wheat, and analyze its mechanism in salt tolerance and evaluate its role in yield in saline–alkaline fields.

TaDSU overexpression enhances salt tolerance of wheat. TaDSU overexpressors have lower Na+ but higher K+ contents and consequently higher K+ : Na+ ratios than the wild‐type under salt stress. TaDSU interacts with transcriptional factor MYC2, reduces the sumoylation level of SUMO1‐conjugated MYC2, and promotes its transcription activity. MYC2 binds to the promoter of TaDSU and elevates its expression. TaDSU overexpression enhances grain yield of wheat in the saline soil without growth penalty in the normal field. Especially, TaDSU ectopic expression also enhances salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana, showing this SUMO protease allele has the inter‐species role in the adaptation to salt stress.

Thus, TaDSU is an efficient candidate gene for molecular breeding of salt‐tolerant crops.
Attention, working memory, and inhibitory control in aging: Comparing amateur singers, instrumentalists, and active controls
Authors: Joyal Marilyne , Sicard Alexandre , Penhune Virginia , Jackson Philip L. , Tremblay Pascale
Published: October 2024

Despite the ubiquity of musical activities, little is known about the specificity of their association with executive functions. In this cross‐sectional study, we examined this relationship as a function of age. Our main hypotheses were that executive functions would decline in older age, that this relationship would be reduced in singers and instrumentalists compared to nonmusician active controls, and that the amount of musical experience would be more strongly associated with executive functions compared to the specific type of activity. A sample of 122 cognitively healthy adults aged 20–88 years was recruited, consisting of 39 amateur singers, 43 amateur instrumentalists, and 40 nonmusician controls. Tests of auditory processing speed, auditory selective attention, auditory and visual inhibitory control, and auditory working memory were administered. The results confirm a negative relationship between age and executive functions. While musicians’ advantages were found in selective attention, inhibitory control, and auditory working memory, these advantages were specific rather than global. Furthermore, most of these advantages were independent of age and experience. Finally, there were only limited differences between instrumentalists and singers, suggesting that the relationship between music‐making activities and executive functions may be, at least in part, general as opposed to activity‐specific.
Potential pathways to the onset and development of eating disorders in people with overweight and obesity: A scoping review
Authors: Khalid Rabia , Lister Natalie B. , Paxton Susan J. , Maguire Sarah , Libesman Sol , Seidler Anna L. , Cooper Kelly , Quigley Fiona , Yourell Jacqlyn , Baur Louise A. , Jebeile Hiba
Published: October 2024

Objective

To describe pathways to eating disorder (ED) development that have been evaluated in people with overweight and obesity.

Methods

Four databases were searched to identify studies testing ED development models in adolescents (10–19 years) or adults (>19 years) with overweight and obesity. Explanatory variables were thematically grouped into constructs to describe pathways to each ED outcome.

Results

Of 2226 studies screened, 46 (10 adolescent; 36 adult) were included. Study samples were predominantly female, ranging from 22 to 2236 participants and mean age 12.3 to 56.0 years. In total, 207 explanatory variables were grouped into 18 constructs to summarize 107 pathways that were identified. The most common ED outcome was binge eating (n = 24 studies), followed by global ED psychopathology (n = 10 studies). Across pathways to ED development, negative affect was the most proposed construct, followed by preoccupation with weight/shape and weight stigma.

Conclusion

Pathways to ED development in people with overweight and obesity are complex and may include more than 18 different explanatory factors of which negative affect, preoccupation with weight/shape, and weight stigma are the most common. More research on adolescents, males, and the spectrum of ED in diverse populations is required for early identification and intervention.
Effects of orthokeratology and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets on unilateral myopic anisometropia control
Authors: Zhai Jing , Fang Wei , Zhang Yunjie , Lian Hengli , Hou Lijie , Shen Meixiao , Lu Fan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the 1‐year effects of orthokeratology (OK) lenses and spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) on axial length (AL) elongation in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.

Methods

This ambispective cohort study recruited 81 children aged 8–14 years with unilateral myopic anisometropia. Of these, 42 participants (mean age 11.07 ± 1.54 years; 23 males) were treated with monocular OK lenses (OK group), and 39 (mean age 10.64 ± 1.72 years; 22 males) with binocular HALs (HAL group). Changes in AL and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) from baseline at 3, 6 and 12 months were compared between eyes and groups. Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to analyse the risk of myopia onset in the initially non‐myopic eyes.

Results

Mean axial elongation in the myopic and non‐myopic eyes at the 12‐month follow‐up visit were 0.17 ± 0.20 and 0.41 ± 0.26 mm in the OK group (p < 0.001) and 0.10 ± 0.15 and 0.12 ± 0.12 mm in the HAL group (p = 0.32), respectively. Compared with the OK group, the non‐myopic eyes in the HAL group had less axial elongation, lower cumulative myopia incidence and percentage of participants with rapid myopic shift at the 6‐ and 12 month follow‐up (all p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that a higher initial SER decreased the risk of myopia onset significantly in the initially non‐myopic eyes (B = −2.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.49; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Monocular OK lenses suppressed axial elongation in the myopic eye and minimised anisometropia; however, the non‐treated contralateral eye may experience faster myopia onset and myopic shift. Binocular HALs can effectively reduce axial elongation in both eyes of children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.
Surface Electromyography and Gait Features in Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Wu Xipeng , Zhang Hao , Cui Hongxing , Pei Wenbin , Zhao Yixuan , Wang Shanshan , Cao Zhijie , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Objective

An important reason for the poor recovery of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is the poor recovery of muscle function. Therefore, we used surface electromyography (sEMG) and gait analysis to explore the muscle activation patterns and gait characteristics between lower limbs under different exercise states in patients, following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

Forty‐one adults with unilateral ACL injuries in Binzhou Medical University Hospital from October 2022 to June 2023 were allocated to three groups according to the time after ACL reconstruction: group A (≤3 months, 16), group B (3 months–1 year, 13), and group C (>1 year, 12). Patients were tested by sEMG and gait, while straight leg raising (SLR), walking at normal speed, fast walking, and walking up and down the stairs. Two related sample tests were performed for the normalized root mean square (RMS) values and gait parameters.

Results

Muscle function changes varied in different training tasks. The RMS value of the involved side was more than the uninvolved side in biceps femoris and semitendinosus of group A (p < 0.010), and for the bilateral rectus femoris (RS), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis in group B, only the comparison of the RS was significant in group C during fast walking and going up and down the stairs. The ground impact (0.90 [0.63, 1.33] vs. 0.71 [0.43, 1.02], p = 0.035) of the uninvolved side was significantly decreased compared to those of the involved side in patients with ACLR when going down the stairs.

Conclusion

Different muscles need to be focused on at different stages of the postoperative period. sEMG and gait analysis can guide the development of a rehabilitation program.
Association Between P‐Wave Duration, Dispersion, and Interatrial Block and Atrial High‐Rate Episodes in CIED Patients
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Sripusanapan Adivitch , Kulthamrongsri Narathorn , Prasitsumrit Vitchapong , Suriyathumrongkul Napat , Idowu Abiodun , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Mainigi Sumeet
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Atrial high‐rate episodes (AHRE) have been linked to increased thromboembolic risk and all‐cause mortality in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Various predictors of AHRE development have been identified, emphasizing the need for close monitoring and the potential transition to clinical atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the predictive value of P wave characteristics on AHRE development remains conflicting. This meta‐analysis aims to summarize existing data to investigate this association.

Method

We examined studies from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to May 2024 to investigate the association of baseline P‐wave duration (PWD), P‐wave dispersion (PWDIS), and interatrial block (IAB) with the risk of developing AHRE. We extracted the mean and standard deviations of PWD and PWDIS to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between IAB and AHRE risk, using the generic inverse variance method for combination.

Results

The meta‐analysis included nine studies. Patients with AHRE had longer PWD and PWDIS compared to those without AHRE, with a pooled MD for PWD of 9.17 ms (95% CI: 4.74–13.60; I2 = 47%, p < 0.001) and a pooled MD for PWDIS of 20.56 ms (95% CI: 11.57–29.56; I2 = 57%, p < 0.001). Additionally, patients with IAB had a higher risk of developing AHRE, with a pooled RR of 3.33 (95% CI: 2.53–4.38; I2 = 0%, p < 0.001), compared to those without IAB.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis found that patients with AHRE had higher PWD and PWDIS than those without AHRE. Additionally, IAB was associated with a higher risk of developing AHRE. These findings emphasize the importance of close monitoring and risk stratification, particularly for patients with P wave abnormalities.
Synthesized V7 QRS Amplitude and Oversensing Episodes in Patients With Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators
Authors: Okajima Takashi , Ishikawa Shinji , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Okamoto Takayuki , Uemura Yusuke , Takemoto Kenji , Inden Yasuya , Murohara Toyoaki , Watarai Masato
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (S‐ICDs) experience an oversensing episode (OS) more frequently than those with transvenous ICDs. However, no established electrocardiography (ECG) parameters can accurately detect an OS. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of an OS in real‐world clinical practice and the association of synthesized 18‐lead ECG (syn18‐ECG) parameters with an OS.

Methods

We retrospectively included 21 consecutive patients who underwent S‐ICD implantation and collected syn18‐ECG parameters. We placed the generator in a deep posterior position and defined an OS as an inappropriate charging episode caused by cardiac or noncardiac signals. A SMART pass filter and two tachyarrhythmia zones were programed.

Results

The most frequent underlying heart disease was Brugada/J wave syndrome (n = 7). During a median follow‐up period of 1188 days, an OS was observed in six patients (28.6%). The QRS amplitude in synthesized V7 lead (synV7) was significantly lower in the OS group than in the non‐OS group (0.59 ± 0.17 vs. 0.91 ± 0.35 mV, p = 0.019). The optimal cutoff value of synV7 QRS amplitude was 0.61 mV, with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 83.7% for predicting an OS. Univariate logistic analysis showed that a synV7 QRS amplitude of <0.61 mV was only associated with an OS (odd ratio, 20.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–241.72; p = 0.018).

Conclusions

In patients with S‐ICDs, an OS was not a rare complication during long‐term follow‐up. A low synV7 QRS amplitude was associated with a high OS incidence.
Red and Green LED Light Therapy: A Comparative Study in Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Tantiyavarong Jiratchaya , Charoensuksira Sasin , Meephansan Jitlada , Hanvivattanakul Sirashat , Rayanasukha Yossawat , Boonkoom Thitikorn , Tantisantisom Kittipong
Published: October 2024

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women, characterized by progressive hair thinning. While current treatments like minoxidil and finasteride have efficacy limitations and side effects, low‐level light therapy (LLLT) using red or near‐infrared light has emerged as a promising alternative. Recent animal studies suggest potential benefits from green LED light, though human data are sparse.

Methods

This study utilized an innovative LED helmet emitting red and green LED light on respective halves of the frontal scalp, delivering an energy density of 40 J/cm2 over 20 min. Clinical photography, physician evaluations on a 7‐point scale, patient satisfaction, and measurements of hair density and hair diameter were employed. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Seventeen participants (47.1% male, 52.9% female, average age 46.47 years) demonstrated notable improvements after 6 months of treatment. Red and green LEDs both significantly increased hair diameter, non‐vellus hair density, and satisfaction scores. Notably, the red LED therapy resulted in a statistically significant decrease in vellus hair density and achieved a greater increase in hair diameter compared to the green LED therapy. Minimal adverse effects were reported, primarily consisting of tolerable scalp heat and mild redness.

Conclusion

Both red and green LED therapies effectively enhanced hair growth, increasing density and thickness over 6 months. Red LED demonstrated superior improvements in specific measures. Consequently, both therapies present safe and viable alternatives for the management of AGA, expanding the repertoire of available treatment options.
Specialized seed dispersal in Neotropical Vanilla reveals fruit unpalatability to omnivores
Authors: Pansarin E. R.
Published: October 2024

Flowering plants are essentially sessile organisms that disperse their genes through pollination, expanding their areas of occurrence through seed dispersal. In orchids, seed dispersal is commonly mediated by air currents. Conversely, members of several genera have evolved seeds adapted to endozoochory. This is the case for Vanilla, the most economically important genus in the orchid family.

The role of indehiscent fruits in the attraction and rewarding of Vanilla seed dispersers was investigated based on field observations, analysis of fragrances, reward substances, and investigation of seed viability through the digestive tract.

Indehiscent Vanilla fruits are consumed exclusively by herbivores, i.e. agoutis. Besides providing nutritional rewards, the fruits are rich in polyphenols that are unpalatable to omnivores. The most dominant compound in fruits is attractive only to agoutis. This is the first study showing synzoochory in Orchidaceae and specificity of seed dispersal in orchids.

Indehiscent fruits may have evolved early in Neotropical Vanilla in response to selection pressures mediated by large herbivores as the genus emerged ca. 34 Mya in South America, concomitantly with megafauna diversification in the Oligocene. Extinction of the megafauna during the Pleistocene has left agoutis as inheritors of seed dispersal in species with large fleshy fruits. Apart from the effects on omnivores, this study shows that indehiscent fruits of V. chamissonis are consumed exclusively by agoutis, providing the first evidence of target mutualism in orchid seed dispersal.
Orthographic and phonological processing in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex during Chinese word reading
Authors: Gu Lala , Pang Yingdan , Yang Jiayi , Qu Jing , Gu Nannan , Mei Leilei
Published: October 2024

The left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (lvOT) has been consistently identified as a crucial structure in word reading, and its function varies across subregions. Nevertheless, the specific function of the lvOT and its subregions remains controversial because the obvious grapheme‐to‐phoneme correspondence rules of alphabetic languages make it difficult to disentangle the contributions of orthography and phonology to neural activations. To explore information processing in lvOT subregions, the present study manipulated the orthography and phonology in a factorial design and used the fMRI rapid adaptation paradigm. The results revealed a posterior‐to‐anterior functional gradient in lvOT in Chinese word reading and specified that the functional transition from sublexical to lexical processing occurred in the middle subregion close to the classic VWFA. More importantly, we found that the middle and posterior subregions of lvOT are responsible for processing both orthographic and phonological information during Chinese word reading. These results elaborated the function of the lvOT in Chinese word reading.
Bonding versus bridging: disentangling effects of CEO social capital on firm exploratory innovation
Authors: Yang Jinxin , Grove Sergio , Li Mengge
Published: October 2024

CEOs and the influence of their social networks have been considered as important drivers for firm innovation. Yet, both theories and empirical evidence are lacking. To advance this stream of research, our paper fills the gap by exploring how bonding and bridging social capital influence exploratory innovation in firms. Through an examination of executive social ties and patent‐based technology indicators, our findings reveal nuanced relationships: Excessive bonding social capital exponentially hampers exploratory innovation due to information overload, while bridging social capital enhances exploratory innovation and mitigates over‐bonding effects (inverted U‐shape). We test our hypotheses with a sample of 7,540 firm‐year observations of public U.S. firms from 2000 to 2014. Our study not only contributes to research on strategic leadership, social capital, interfirm networks, and technological innovation but also offers important managerial implications. It suggests that CEOs and R&D directors foster balanced social networks in their pursuit of enhanced innovation management.
Recent Advances and Applications of Passive Acoustic Monitoring in Assessing Shrimp Feeding Behaviour Under Laboratory and Farm Conditions
Authors: Peixoto Silvio , Soares Roberta
Published: October 2024

The use of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has recently been integrated with other noninvasive ethological methodologies to enhance the understanding of shrimp feeding behaviour, as their mandibles emit click sounds during food intake. This review aims to compile recent advances and various applications of PAM in assessing shrimp feeding behaviour under controlled laboratory and farm conditions. It includes a description of key concepts, terms and general methodologies in the field of bioacoustics to facilitate understanding of acoustic characterisation, specific methodologies and the main uses of PAM in shrimp research. Among the primary contributions of PAM in laboratory studies are acoustic characterisation of clicks and mandibular structures associated with their emission for different species; variations in acoustic click parameters related to animal size, feed texture and pellet size; and effects on feeding behaviour caused by shrimp size, stocking density and specific characteristics of artificial diets (texture, formulations, additives and pellet sizes). Finally, future perspectives and recommendations for laboratory studies using PAM are provided. The review highlights the contribution of PAM, which, allied with other ethological methodologies, emerges as a novel tool for researching shrimp behaviour and optimising feed management in aquaculture.
Effectiveness of jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices and clinical parameters of hearing and speech‐impaired adolescents: A single‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Santhosh Varkey Nadakkavukaran , Ankola Anil V. , Sankeshwari Roopali M. , Hampiholi Vinuta , Shankkari Siva , Varghese Anu Sara , Chavan Prajakta J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Oral health education (OHE) for hearing and speech‐impaired (HSI) adolescents relies heavily on sign language. However, it is not effective in conveying oral health concepts due to communication barriers, resulting in suboptimal oral health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the jigsaw puzzle assisted visual reinforcement (JPVR) technique on toothbrushing knowledge, practices, and clinical parameters among HSI adolescents.

Methods

The study was carried out as a single‐blind randomized controlled trial in a public school in Belagavi, India for a period of three months. The study included 95 participants who were randomly allocated into two groups. One group received sign language with JPVR technique, and the other group received only sign language. A self‐designed 15‐item closed‐ended questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha value of 0.88; content validity ratio = 0.85) was developed to assess the knowledge, and practices at baseline and 3 months. Plaque and gingival indices were also recorded.

Results

At the end of 3 months, the knowledge gained and practices improved in JPVR group were significantly higher compared to sign language group (p = .001). The mean plaque score was significantly lower in JPVR group than that in the sign language group (p = .001); however, gingival index did not show any statistically significant difference at 3 months.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrated that OHE utilizing JPVR technique led to significant improvements in toothbrushing knowledge, practices, and plaque scores compared to that of conventional sign language. This promising strategy has the potential to be cost‐effective and does not incorporate specialized sign language training for health professionals.
Determination of stigma among individuals who deviate from the norms and among community members: The price paid by all
Authors: Itzhaki‐Braun Yael , Malovicki‐Yaffe Nechumi
Published: October 2024

The Jewish Ultraorthodox community in Israel strongly opposes enlisting in the Israeli military. Young men who violate this norm must cope with negative social consequences such as stigma. In the current study we investigated risk and protective factors (self‐esteem, sense of community, positive and negative societal conditional regard, and “tightness of the community”) for public stigma against Ultraorthodox former soldiers, both among these young men and among community members. Among soldiers we also examined the determination of self‐stigma. The first study comprised 153 participants between the ages of 20 and 55 (M = 29.64, SD = 6.89); the second study comprised 433 participants between the ages of 21 and 75 (M = 36, SD = 10.82). Path analysis models indicated the protective role played by self‐esteem and societal conditional positive regard in participants' perception of public and self‐stigma, and the risk factor posed by societal conditional negative regard and “tightness of the community.” Sense of community was found to be a protective factor only for soldiers; for community members it was found to be a risk factor that increased public stigma. The findings reveal that stigma exacts a price not only from soldiers but also from the community, leading to losses for all involved.