bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KETERLIBATAN PEREMPUAN DESA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN (STUDI DI DESA SAPIT KECAMATAN SUELA)
Authors: Kusuma Nila , Nurjannah Siti , Solikatun Solikatun
Published: June 2023

Pada tahun 2030, tujuan SDGs Desa adalah terciptanya kondisi yang menempatkan semua warga desa dalam posisi yang adil, tanpa diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dalam segala aspek kehidupan. Selain memberikan perlakuan yang adil, dibuka kesempatan yang sama dalam urusan public bagi perempuan desa. Desa sapit merupakan lokasi dari penelitian ini, belum sepenuhnya menempatkan perempuan pada posisi yang sejajar. Keterlibatan perempuan dalam pembangunan desa sangat minim, karena sebagian besar di dominasi oleh kaum laki-laki. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana keterlibatan perempuan dalam pembangunan desa dan pilihan rasional perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pilihan rasional James Coleman.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penentuan informan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik snowball. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara mendalam, serta analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan perempuan dalam pemerintahan dan struktur desa Sapit sangat minim, namun perempuan desa Sapit memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan sosial mereka. Ini dibuktikan dengan keterlibatan perempuan dalam kelompok-kelompok sosial, misalnya; kelompok sosial begawe, PKK, Kelompok tenun, dan kelompok tani. Keterlibatan mereka dalam aktivitas sosial tersebut menjadi sebuah pilihan rasional perempuan tanpa ada paksaan dari siapapun. Strategi atau cara yang diambil oleh perempuan desa Sapit merupakan suatu hal yang telah dipikirkan dan dipertimbangkan sebelumnya hingga pada akhirnya menjadi suatu keputusan yang dipandang sangat rasional.
Relevansi Antara Rehabilitasi Penyalahguna Narkotika dengan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia yang Mengalami Kelebihan Kapasitas
Authors: Rahmania Nunung , Nirmala Atika Zahra
Published: June 2023

Tingkat kriminalitas di Indonesia semakin tinggi dan salah satu kriminal yang tinggi adalah narkotika. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kelebihan kapasitas Lapas di Indonesia yang kebanykan dihuni oleh penyalahguna narkotika. Penyalahguna narkotika adalah korban sekaligus pelaku yang harus mendapatkan rehabilitasi baik secara medis maupun sosial. Urgensi penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana relevansi antara rehabilitasi penylahguna narkotika dengan lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia yang mengalami kelebihan kapasitas. Tulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa kelebihan kapasitas Lapas di Indonesia khusus Lapas khusus narkotika disebabkan oleh banyaknya penyalahguna narkotika yang mendapatkan sanksi pidana bukan rehabilitasi. ini merupakan bentuk ketidaksadaran atau tidak pahamnya penegak hukum dalam memahami UU Narkotika dan SEMA tentang Penanganan Pecandu Narkotika dan korban Penyalahguna Narkotika ke Dalam Lembaga Rehabilitasi serta sistem pemidanaan di Indoensia yang masih menerapkan tujuan pemidaan absolut atau pembalasan sebagai proses akhir dari sistem peradillan dan bukan sistem pemidanaan utilitarian yang mengutamakan kemanfaatan.
Evaluation of chemical insecticides and botanicals against various stages of spiralling whitefly, (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) on mulberry
Authors:   Dept of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Coimbatore 641003 Tamilnadu., M ASIA MARIAM , N CHANDRAMOHAN ,   Dept of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agrl. University,Coimbatore 641003 Tamilnadu.
Published: June 2023

Synthetic chemicals and plant products were evaluated against spiralling whitefly (SWF) eggs and nymphs. Ovicidal action was higher in dichlorvos (89.38 per cent) followed by malathion (88.06 per cent) and phosalone (82.96 per cent). Plant products viz., Neem oil (NO)B, Neem oil (NO)A, Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and Neem oil (NO)+ Pungam oil (PO) C registered the mortality percentage of 59.27, 53.36, 52.08 and 50.99 respectively. Fish oil rosin soap (FORS) and higher in malathion treatment (93.10 per cent) followed by phosalone (90.63 per cent) and dichlorvos (90.42 per cent)
Aberrations in monsoons in assured rainfall area of Parabhani - Meteorologic characterization
Authors:   Water Management Research Centre, Marathwada Agric.. University Parbhani 431 402, V.D SONDGE , J.S SONTAKKE ,   Water Management Research Centre, Marathwada Agric.. University Parbhani 431 402, B.S SHELGE ,   Water Management Research Centre, Marathwada Agric.. University Parbhani 431 402
Published: June 2023

Rainfall records of 52 years (1944-95) of Parbhani station located in the assured rainfall zone of Maharashtra state were critically examined for establishing the long term averages of monthly rainfall and its temporal variability by deploying appropriate statistical techniques. The deviations in normal time(s) of onset and withdrawal of monsoon, depths of monthly rainfall and their distribution were defined as aberrations. The results revealed that the average monsoon rainfall (monthly total) of 849.96 mm was distributed in the proportion of 18.13, 26.94, 25.28, 21.61 and 7.93 per cent during June to October, respectively. The variabilities in normal rainfall during crucial months of August (67.69 %) and October (119.48 %) were relatively higher than remaining monsoon months. The probabilities of normal onset (25th MW) and withdrawal (39th MW) were 44.23 and 50 per cent, respectively. The corresponding probabilities of aberrations were 55.77 and 50 per cent. The per cent probabilities of aberrations in seasonal (June to October) amount of rainfall was 56.54 per cent, with higher proportion of below normal (39.23) than its above normal (27.31) rainfall during June to October. The per cent probabilities of recupation of preceeding deficiency in succeeding months decreased with the advancement of time of occurrence of deficiency.
Effect of various establishment methods on the growth and yield of rice
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, K PONNUSWAMY , P SANTHI ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, M SUBRAMANIAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu
Published: June 2023

Experiments were conducted during the kuruvai seasons of 1995 and 1996 to study the effect of various establishment methods in rice on the growth and yield. Three rice varieties (ADT 36, ASD 18 and ADT 42) were evaluated with seedling broadcast method in comparison with the farmer's random and line planting methods. The results revealed that by broadcasting the seedling, there was not much reduction in the yield of rice and it was comparable with that of line planting. The labour consumption in seedling broadcast method (160 man hours) was only 1/3 of line planting. This method also helped to cover larger area within short time. Among the test varieties, ADT 42 and ADT 36 performed better.
A study on the soil fertility status of sugarcane growing areas of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.M SELLAMUTHU , S NATARAJAN ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R SIVASAMY ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, C.S MANI ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: June 2023

A study was carried out to assess the available macro and micronutrient status of sugarcane growing soils of Uttiramerur taluk of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. The available nitrogen content mwas low in 96 per cent of the surface and 98 per cent of the subsurface soil samples. The available tophosphorus was low in 50 per cent of the surface and 61 per cent of the subsurface soil samples and medium in 27 per cent of the surface and 21 per cent of the subsurface soil samples and high in 23 per cent of the surface and 18 per cent of the subsurface soil samples. Forty five per cent of surface and 68 per cent of subsurface soil sample were low, 51 per cent of surface and 28 subsurface soil samples were medium and the remaining were high in available potassium. The micronutrient content of the soil samples showed that the DTPA Fe was sufficient in 98 per cent of the surface and 91 per cent of the subsurface soil samples. DTPA Mn was sufficient in 73 per cent of surface and 96 per cent of subsurface soil samples. DTPA Zn was deficient in 91 per cent of surface and 99 per cent of subsurface soil samples. DTPA Cu was sufficient in 57 per cent of surface and 40 per cent of subsurface soil samples. Hot water soluble B was found sufficient in 84 per cent of the surface soil samples.
Impact of insecticides on predatory arthropods of the rice ecosystem
Authors:   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003, M GANESH KUMAR , R VELUSAMY ,   Department of Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agrl University,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: June 2023

The influence of commonly used insectides on the predatory population was studied. The results indicated that acephate, chlorpyriphos and monocrotophos were safer to Lycosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha javana and Paderus fuscipes while acephate, was also found to be safe to Microvelia atrolineata and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Phorate and carbofuran were found to be more toxic to both predators
O uso de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) e da Inteligência Artificial no apoio ao Monitoramento Ambiental de áreas de encostas e de difícil acesso
Authors: Serrão Gabriel Mello P. , Carvalho Carlos Vitor de Alencar , Antônio Marcelo Musci Zaib
Published: June 2023

O e-book propõe o uso de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) para o monitoramento ambiental de áreas remotas e o uso da Inteligência Artificial na interpretação e classificação automática nas imagens capturadas pelo sensoriamento remoto.

Após criterioso monitoramento realizado com o auxílio de um VANT no entorno da Serra da Posse (Rio de Janeiro), área de estudo deste projeto, as imagens nele capturadas foram submetidas em lote à técnicas de processamento digital de imagem e a utilização de algoritmos de Deep Learning e Redes Neurais (CNN) Yolov4, que após serem exaustivamente treinadas, foram capazes de segregar e rotular automaticamente evidências de vestígios de descarte de resíduos sólidos. Como resultado dessa segregação automática ficou demonstrado uma eficácia de 80% da técnica utilizada em determinados tipos de resíduos, ajudando a identificar automaticamente, áreas desassistidas e que dependam de ação do poder público para coibir e mitigar o descarte irregular de resíduos, e todo o impacto ambiental provocado por ele.
A importância do tratamento do nitrogênio nos cabeçotes de Motos
Authors: Lobo Lucas Froes
Published: June 2023

Existem muitos processos de fabricação pelos quais materiais metálicos podem ser convertidos em produtos. É o exemplo do alumínio fundido que é usado principalmente em componentes automotivos como cabeçotes. Para esse processo de fabricação destacam-se os processos de fundição como um dos mais antigos processos de fabricação. Em sua fabricação são utilizadas as mais avançadas técnicas de fundição de alumínio, incluindo máquinas e equipamentos que levam em consideração todo o processo de fabricação porosidades que, embora pequenas, podem causar sérios danos na hora de sua funcionalidade. nesse contexto o estudo tem por objetivo l analisar a importância do tratamento do nitrogênio no alumínio em especifico na peça do cabeçote de veículos de 4 rodas. A metodologia do estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura e teve sua coleta de dados embasada em artigos científicos pesquisados nas plataformas digitais: Web of Science, Google Scholar e Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Capes (BTD). A porosidade reduz a resistência mecânica, além de favorecer o aparecimento de trincas e falta de estanqueidade em peças de alumínio contendo líquidos sob pressão, neste cenário, a desgaseificação permite a remoção mais eficiente de hidrogênio, o que demonstra a importância do tratamento do nitrogênio nos cabeçotes, sendo que sem ele, cria-se impurezas como a porosidade que interferem diretamente no cabeçote.
Assessment of Clinical, Respiratory and Metabolic Parameters in Neonatal Calves in Different Courses of Aspiration Pneumonia
Authors: Gülersoy Erdem , Balıkçı Canberk , Şahan Adem , Günal İsmail
Published: June 2023

Iatrogenic aspiration pneumonia (AP), often caused by incorrect drenching and ‎feeding with inappropriate bottles, is a frequent condition that can lead to sudden death ‎depending on the amount of aspirated fluid.  The evaluation of clinical scores‎ and blood ‎gas analytes may provide valuable insights into the complications that may arise due to AP in later ‎stages. In this study, the AP Group consisted of ‎23 Holstein breed calves aged 1-14 days, ‎which developed clinical signs such as cough, nasal and/or ocular discharge, and respiratory ‎distress after forced feeding with inappropriate bottles. The Control Group consisted of 11 healthy calves with similar characteristics. Clinical examinations, Calf ‎Health Score (CHS) evaluations, and venous blood gas analysis were performed. Based on anamnesis, calves with AP were classified as either Acute or Chronic AP. In clinical ‎examination, heart and respiratory rates were higher in the Acute AP Group compared to the ‎other groups (P<0.001). Total CHS was higher in the AP Group than that in the Control ‎Group (P<0.001). The pH, sO2, Cl and Hb levels of the AP Group were lower, and K and ‎lactate levels were higher compared to the Control Group (P<0.031). Among all groups, ‎the pCO2 levels were highest in the Acute AP Group (P<0.001). The Na level of the Chronic ‎AP Group was lower than that of the Control Group (P<0.05). The hematocrit level was ‎lowest in the Chronic AP Group (P<0.016).  These findings suggest that venous blood samples can be effectively used to classify the course of AP ‎in neonatal calves; significant alterations in venous blood gas, electrolyte levels, and CHS can ‎be observed in affected animals; sO2 and pCO2 levels are particularly important in ‎distinguishing between acute and chronic cases of AP; and clinical and laboratory findings may ‎be similar to those observed in healthy animals in chronic cases depending on the body’s ability ‎to compensate or tolerate the disease.
T-Beam Behavior In Flexure With Different Layers Of Concrete In Web And Flange
Authors: Ghailan Dhia B.
Published: June 2023

This study presents an experimental investigation performed to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete T-beams with different types of concrete in web and/or flange. More rational way has been used by strengthening the web and the flange by steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and strengthening the flange by high strength concrete (HSC). Tests were carried out on six beams, simply supported under a single point loading at mid-span. Two of which were made fully with normal strength concrete (NSC) as reference beams, and the others were made fully or partially with (SFRC) and (HSC) in web and/or flange. Experimental results show that all specimens behaved linearly up to a loading of (40-48 kN) depending on types of concrete used. The maximum deflection increased by (153%) for a beam with SFRC in both web and flange and by (60.8%) for a beam with SFRC in web and normal concrete in flange while it decreased by (50.22%) for a beam with normal concrete in web and high strength concrete in flange in comparison with the reference beams. No interest change in maximum deflection occurred for a beam with SFRC in web and high strength concrete in flange. . The first cracking load increased by (161%) for a beam with SFRC in web and high strength concrete in flange and no interest changes occurred for the other beams. This pattern of combination of concrete types may be useful in T-beams used in bridges or wide spans structures and to reduce the cracking of concrete up to failure.
Adapting of Performance Grading System for Local Asphalt Cement
Authors: Al-Jumaily Mohammed Hasan
Published: June 2023

The General Specifications for Roads and Bridges (SCRB) don't adopt the performance grading (PG) based system suggested by Superpave program to evaluate the currently used asphalt cements for paving works. The air temperature data used in this study covers approximately 20 years time period (1982-2002) for seven Iraqi cities (Kirkuk, Mosul , Rutba , Baghdad , Kut , Najaf , and Basrah) which represent climatically unique regions in Iraq. The currently used asphalt cements with penetration grades (40-50) and (60-70) were tested by both of conventional test methods and Superpave methods to determine the equivalent performance grade for each type of the penetration graded asphalt and to evaluate the capability for these two types of asphalt cement to satisfy the required performance of pavement for each region of country. The paper results indicate the following for the required PG asphalt binders: Region Performance Graded (PG) Asphalt Binder North governorates 70-16 Middle governorates 70-10 West governorates 64-10 South governorates 76-4 The Daurah asphalt cements with penetration grade (40-50) are equivalent to PG 70-16, PG70-10 and PG76-4 while asphalt with penetration grade (60-70) is equivalent to PG 64-10. The rotational viscosity , dynamic shear rheometer and creep stiffness versus penetration relationships have been developed to estimate the some Superpave asphalt binder tests based on penetration values.
Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Rectangular Cross-Sectional Duct
Authors: Mahdi Ala'a A. , Abdulwaheed Ammar F.
Published: June 2023

In this investigation, steady state two – dimensional laminar forced convection heat transfer of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids inside a duct of Rectangular shape has been studied numerically for a wide range of the Reynolds numbers of (Re.=.500 and 10000) with the Power law index (n) of Power law model ranging from (0.1 to 2), and Prandtl number of (Pr =1 and 10). Two types of boundary conditions have been considered. The first, when the side walls are heated with different uniform temperatures and the horizontal walls are insulated. The second, when the bottom wall is heated by applying a uniform heat flux while the other walls at the constant cold temperature. Also, the time independent non-Newtonian fluids under consideration were assumed obey to the Power law model. The numerical results of the values of average Nusselt number have been confirmed by comparing it to similar known previous works using the same boundary conditions. Good agreement was obtained. The results are presented in terms of isotherms and streamlines to show the behavior of the fluid flow and temperature. In addition, some graphs that repesent the relation between average Nusselt number and the parameters mentioned previously are drawn. Also, the results show that the power law index (n) has, for a given Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, a large effect on the heat transfer rate at high Reynolds number. Twelve different correlations to show the dependence of the average Nusselt number on the power law index, the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers has been fund.
Sustainable Architectural Concepts (Green Architecture) and its Application in Modern Iraqi Architecture
Authors: Al mosawi Aqeel Qusay
Published: June 2023

Sustainable design… Green architecture… Sustainable constructions…Green Buildings these are all new ways and methods for designing and constructing. The environmental and economical challenges of this era are affecting many sectors. New buildings are being designed and executed and operated by modern technologies which reduces the environmental impact and at the same time leads to reduction in cost especially running costs and it participates in providing a safe and comfortable architectural environment so the need to develop the concept of sustainability in the architectural sector does not differ much from the needs that led to the development of sustainable development with its environmental, economic and social dimensions. As this term is one of the new concepts in the field of Iraqi architecture and engineering, so it necessitates the presence of researches concerning this idea from all its aspects in order to make use of the current international and so this research will define the concept of sustainability and green architecture and the important international standards and scales used in this field and highlighting it as a means to increase the efficiency and quality of Iraqi architectural projects. We have focused on international architectural examples as case studies and analyzed them architecturally and environmentally in order to understand the designing and engineering philosophy that the designer depended on.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN DRINKING WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES OF BASRAH CITY
Authors: Abdulhussain Ihssan A. , Zahei Angham O. , Dakhil Rifat M.
Published: June 2023

Samples from different types of containers (i.e., tankers, tanks and cooler drinking water) from different places in Basrah city are collected for the period 1/10/2008 to 1/4/2009 to perform laboratory studying in order to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Cobalt, Zinc, Copper, Mercury and Nickel) in these samples of water and to study the effect of these containers on this water. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique is used to obtain the results. The results are compared with the permissible limit concentrations specified by WHO (World Health Organization). According to WHO basis, the present work shows that all types of containers are contaminated by heavy metal, specially Lead, Copper and Nickel which causes severe effect on human health and body organs. The data are treated with simple statistics by using of cluster analysis. The interpretations of the applied methods (laboratory tests and cluster) confirm each other and the heavy metals are divided into two groups, one of them violates the permissible limits of WHO and the other group are less than the permissible limits. The research recommended the necessary recycling cleaning to all types of containers, exposure to aeration every three days and replaces the drinking water every day.
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM ALLOY MATRIX REINFORCED BY ALUMINA COMPOSITE
Authors: Al-Baaji Amar Jabar
Published: June 2023

The influence of reinforcement (10%Al2O3) on the corrosion behaviour of aluminum alloy (Al-3%Mg) was studied in 3.5% NaCl, 1% HCl and 2.5% HCl. The corrosion damage in composite material and aluminum alloy was compared; the composite material had more corrosion rates than aluminum alloy. The corrosion rates increased with the increase in concentration of acid, the corrosion rates were higher in acid medium than salt medium. The behavior of composite material is similar to aluminum alloy with change corrosion solution. Microscopic examination show more pits in composite material where pitting corrosion had great influence on increasing the corrosion rates of composite material especially at the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix alloy.
صلاحية الحصى الصحراوي للأعمال الخرسانية
Authors: عبد الحسين مجبل علي , جيثوم العابدي عبد الكاظم , موسى رفاه
Published: June 2023

يتضمن البحث دراسة هندسية جيولوجية لإمكانية استخدام الحصى الصحراوي الرسوبي الاصل في صناعة الخرسانة لغرض توفير مصادر للركام المستخدم في الأعمال الإنشائية لاسيما المنفذة في المناطق الصحراوية .

أظهرت فحوصات العينات اليدوية للحبيبات والمجهرية الدقيقة ل(24) شريحة ان الحصى الصحراوي يتكون بشكل أساسي من معدن الكالسايت المتباين في حجم البلورات أو من الكالسايت المتدلمت قليلا مع وجود بعض المتضمنات ، وتبين كذلك وجود انواع من المتحجرات حصل لبعضها احلال كامل بواسطة معدن الكالسايت .

بينت نتائج الفحوصات على الركام والخرسانة إمكانية إنتاج خرسانة بنوعية جيدة باستخدام الحصى الصحراوي كركام خشن وعند مقارنة خصائصها مع الخرسانة المستخدم في إنتاجها الحصى النهري السيليكي الأصل فان خصائصهما كانت متقاربة ، وان تكسير الحصى الصحراوي يحسن من خصائص الخرسانة ولاسيما مقاومة الانضغاط والشد.

أظهرت النتائج ان تعرض الخرسانة المستخدم فيها الحصى الصحراوي ولمدة طويلة الى ظروف مشجعة للتفاعل بين القلويات الموجودة في السمنت والكربونات الداخلة في تركيب الركام لم تؤدي الى حصول تأثيرات ضارة للخرسانة ولم تظهر اية فروقات محسوسة عن تصرف الخرسانة المنتجة باستخدام الحصى النهري.
Development of Empirical Formulas for Effect of Circular Pier and Abutment on Local Scour Depth
Authors: Al-Saadi. Saleh I. Khassaf , Abbass Rasha Oda
Published: June 2023

This study based on laboratory experiments for computing depth of local scour around abutment and bridge pier neighboring abutment considering the study of the effects of upstream flow conditions , pier and abutment sizes , median size of bed material and spacing between pier and abutment on the maximum scour depth and scour pattern around a pier and abutment.
 The study was conducted using a physical hydraulic model of pier and abutment operated under subcritical flow , clear-water condition and using uniform cohesionless sand as bed material . Three different size models of pier and abutment were used to show the effect of the size on the local scour and two different median size (d50) of sand were used in this study.
 Dimensional analysis techniques and statistical analysis were used to find new formulas with help of the experimental data . One of these formula was to compute the maximum scour depth at pier neighboring abutment and the other to find the maximum scour depth at abutment.
 There formula were derived to predict the maximum scour depth in terms of Froude number , diameter of pier and abutment , median size of sand , flow depth , flow velocity and spacing between pier and abutment.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF CONCRETE SHRINKAGE CRACKING IN WALLS
Authors: Attiyah Ali N. , Gesund Hans , Rasool Mohammed H.
Published: June 2023

The intention of modeling concrete walls subjected to shrinkage deformation. To achieve this goal, an analytical study is carried out using the finite element method (FEM) of analysis using program ANSYS. Element (solid 65 ) is used to model concrete and element (link 8)  to model steel reinforcement, and shrinkage phenomenon is represented by converting the measured total shrinkage strain to an equivalent temperature to calculate cracks width depending on strain generated  at nodes.  The overall crack pattern and the estimated crack widths are shown to have good agreement with the experimental results.
DESIGN OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED WALLS AND SLOPS BY TERRAM PROGRAM
Authors: Hasan Suhad Abdulsattar
Published: June 2023

This research deals with the design of geosynthetic reinforced walls and slopes subjected to series of static compressive loading tests by the present TERRAM program. The objectives of this study are suggesting an optimum geometry of reinforcement placement to lessen the width of the side slope ofslopes.The effects of the following variables were taken into account: the angles of slope,wall or slope height, surcharge, strength parameters (cohesion and friction angle) and unit weight for all soils involved in the problem (fill, natural soil and foundation soil), friction angle for reinforcement-soil and fill-foundation interfaces, as well as internal and external factors of safety are calculatedfordifferent distributions of tensile force in the reinforcement layers according to the different arrangements of reinforcement layers in terms of number, length, and spacing.
CONTROL OF LOCAL SCOUR DEPTH AROUND BTIDGE PIER USING DOWN STREM BED SILL
Authors: Khassaf Saleh I. , Yost Scott A. , Abulwahed Ali Adel
Published: June 2023

This study is based on laboratory experiments for computing depth of local scour around bridge pier when a downstream bed sill using as a countermeasure.A circular section pier model has been used with clear water flow condition. However, sand was used as a bed sill.
Three different size of pier diameter are investigated with four different water depths and four different flow velocities. It is found that the diameter of the pier is an important parameter influencing the scouring process around pier.Bed sills at different distance from pier downstream and with different width and thickness, were used as a countermeasure to reduce the local scour depth. The level of sill crest was the same elevation of bed material. As a results of a study, the analysis of experimental data shows that the usage of sill as a countermeasure structure has a beneficial reduction of scour around pier around 25% for flow intensity 0.95.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR CIRCLE COFFERDAM FOR WET SOIL
Authors: Al-Murshidi Kareem R. , AL-Ta'ee Kadhim Naief , AL-Janabi Marwa Abdullah
Published: June 2023

This paper presented nonlinear finite element analysis to predict the load deflection behavior of circular cell cofferdam under lateral load by using ANSYS (Analysis System) (version 12.1) computer program. Eight-node solid element (SOLID 45) has been used to model filling soil, and the same element by using overlap and glue technique to model steel sheet pile of cofferdam. The bond between steel sheet pile and filling soil has been modeled by using nodes merge.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AIR VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A TWO DIMENSIONAL OFFICE ROOM
Authors: Hassan Qasim , Ahmed Sabah , Mahdi Alaa
Published: June 2023

A two dimensional turbulence (SST, k-) model is used to predict the distribution of air velocity and temperature in a 2-D office room, containing one person and office furniture for two ventilation conditions. This study use a commercial CFD code FLUENT (version 6.3) for solving the Navier Stocks, energy and turbulence equations using finite volume techniques. The results were presented as velocity vectors with quantitative velocity and temperature distribution. The result can be divided into two parts, First part compared with published result and gives good theoretical agreement, the second part was taken at boundary conditions (Vin, Tin and Twall) according to the Iraqi environmental condition depend on the Iraqi cods of cooling 2012.
INFLUENCE OF SELECTED ADDITIVES ON WARM ASPHALT MIXTURES PERFORMANCE
Authors: Al-Jumaili Mohammed Abbas , Al-Jameel Hamid Athab
Published: June 2023

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a technology that allows significant lowering of the mixing and compaction temperature of conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). This research presents the results of laboratory tests conducted to evaluate the properties and performance of warm mix asphalt. TheWMA has been prepared from two asphalt grades and one aggregate source with twoadditives (Aspha-min® and Sasobit®). The crumb rubber is also added to WMA which is prepared withAspha-min® and Sasobit® to evaluate effect of crumb rubber on WMA properties. The results of the study indicated that the two additives to the warm asphalt affected the mixture properties differently. When the mixture properties were compared, it was observed that Aspha-min® reduced the indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus values of the mixes, the two WMA additives increased the rut depths of the mixes, and both the additives reduced the tensile strength ratio of the mixes.WMA contains crumb rubber appears
IMPROVEMENT SOME OF CEMENT MORTAR PROPERTIES CONTAINING NANO METAKAOLINE OR RICE HUSKS ASH
Authors: Alwan Jassim Atiya
Published: June 2023

The research aim is to know the improvement extent of some mortar properties like compressive,tensile and flexural strength for the partial substitution of mortar cement by the natural pozzolanic materials of high activity as Nano metakaoline or rice husks ash at ratios of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% of its cement weight. Research requirement are (205) samples, (25) samples for reference cement paste standard consistency with initial & final setting time and reference mortar compressive , tensile and flexural strength. (180) Samples are the mixed cement mortar samples for compressive , tensile and flexural strength as per the above substitution ratios for ages of (3) and (7) days. Results showed that the best substitution ratio by Nano metakaolineis(3%) of cement weight for the compressive strength was increased by (110.11%), tensile by (90.49%) and flexural strength by (85.59%) more than their reference mortar strength and the best substitution ratio by rice husks ash is(4%) of cement weight for the compressive strength was increasing by (83.34%) , tensile by (75.67%) and flexural strength by (66.53%) more than their reference mortar strength and the mortar has its good workability during the work.
USING OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS A GREEN CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE IN CONCRETE
Authors: Hussen Shatha Sadiq
Published: June 2023

In the modern construction practices, industrial wastes or by-products are largely used as raw materials in cement and concrete. It imparts positive environmental effect because the waste materials are not released to the environment; therefore, this research study was conducted to investigate the effects of used engine oil on properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The main variables included the type and dosage of admixture (commercially air entraining agent, used engine oil, and new engine oil), consistency, rate of slump loss, setting time and compressive and splitting tensile strength. Results showed that performance of used engine oil and the new engine oil mixes were similar. Results of this study also showed that used engine oil acted as a chemical plasticizer by improving the fluidity and the slump of the concrete mix. The used engine oil decreases the initial setting time and increases the consistency and rate of fluidity loss of ordinary Portland cement concrete. Effects of engine oil on the concrete compressive and splitting tensile strength were negative with respect to the control/reference mixes. However, engine oil concrete has a higher compressive and splitting tensile strength than the corresponding concrete mixes containing dosage of commercial air entraining agent.
EVALUATION OF SUITABILITY OF DRAINAGE WATER OF AL-HUSSAINIA SECTOR (KUT IRAQ) TO IRRIGATE COTTON CROP
Authors: Al-Mamoori Sohaib Kareem , Al-Maliki Laheab Abas
Published: June 2023

In this study, a specified area of Al-Hussainia sector (which is the middle sector of Al-Dalmaj irrigation project in Kut city/ Iraq) has been selected tobe evaluated for its water suitability to irrigate cotton plant. The evaluation include: first Chemical evaluation of drainage water, second Analysis of drainage water by Aq.Qa software, and third computations of Leaching requirements for cotton crop.For the chemical evaluation the most important indicators for the salinity problem considered are (Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Sodium Content).The analysis of the hydrochemical results by Aq.Qa program shows that the internal consistency of the samples was acceptable.It is concluded that in the months July to October most of the measured concentrations of the tested elements were greater than the other four months because in hot weather the evaporation will increase which decrease thequantity of dissolved oxygen in water which cause the increase in concentrations of these elements. However the drainage water of Al-Hussainia sector can be used directly to irrigate cotton without reducing the yield with leaching requirement of 0.18 for location 1, leaching fraction of 0.17 needed for locations 2 and 6, while a leaching fraction of 0.16 should be provided for locations 3 ,4 ,and 5. However there is no need to mix the drainage water with fresh water.
THERMAL LOSSES REDUCTION FOR A TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTOR: PART 1 FLUID FLOW
Authors: Al-Wahid Wisam A. Abd , Al-Shamkhee Dhafer M. H.
Published: June 2023

The flow of the wind near an absorber of a trough collector is analyzed. Since this absorber loss useful heat into the ambient, it is necessary to reduce that heat. The common strategy of reduction is the use of a vacuum tube. The maintaining of vacuum is difficult due to air leak or glass fracture led to find another replacement for this strategy. The idea of the present work is to put a half circular disc in front of the receiver in order to reduce the air velocity near the tube and reduce the heat transfer process. The flow is analyzed in the area to find the streamlines of flow and the behavior of air for a different air velocities and trough orientations. The analysis is done by using COMSOL Multiphysics program V4.4. The data show that the overall air velocity is reduced near the receiver as predicted.
STRUCTURE AND PHOTO- FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF TiO2 THIN FILM PREPARED BY RF HELICON MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Authors: Ibrahim Sarmad H.
Published: June 2023

Fabrication of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film (200nm) has been done by using RF helicon magnetron sputtering from metallic Ti target under changing of O2 flow rate and substrate temperature. Film structure was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The films were examined by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study the structure; atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were employed to investigate the surface morphology and the cross section of films, respectively. Optical properties and optical band gap were calculated by using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by light induced degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution using UV and Vis light. TiO2 thin film with a rutile phase at substrate temperature 100oC and O2 flow rate to 0.5 - 1.0sccm can be obtained, also an anatase phase can be fabricated when set substrate temperature to 300 oC and O2 flow rate to 2.5sccm. Obtained films showed a high dense with smooth surface and high crystalline. Maximum degradation rate (about 85%) of MB has been indicated at anatase phase under UV light irradiation, while under Vis light irradiation rutile and anatase mixture phase showed a maximum degradation rate (about 15%).
In this work, the morphological, structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin films that were fabricated by RF helicon magnetron sputtering under change of O2 flow rate and substrate temperature have been investigated. It is expected that the change of substrate temperature and/or O2 flow rate will make ability to control the film structure.
EVALUATION OF MEDICAL SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT IN SOME HOSPITALS IN NAJAF CITY/ IRAQ
Authors: Kizar Fatima Mohsen
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate the management of medical solidwaste in some hospitals in Najaf city as a case study. For this study, three big local hospitals were selected that are different in specialties. The generation quantities of medical solidwaste were collected for one time in a week over four months (August - November 2010). The most important factors affecting the rate of generation of these wastes in selected hospitals were analyzed statistically to get a mathematical formula to calculate the amount of waste generated per day for each hospital. It is found that the generation rates were ranged from (1.074 - 3.844) Kg/capita/day through the study period. Due to the absence of regular application and workers conscious in management of medical solidwaste, the system management requires a safety environmental program to manage this waste, which minimizes the risks of public health and the environment.
EVALUATION OF LOCAL SCOUR DEVELOPMENT DOWNSTREAM AN APRON OF DIFFERENT ANGLES FOR AN OGEE SPILLWAY
Authors: Alwan Husam Hadi , Kamonna Hayder H.H. , Hashim Noor Alaa
Published: June 2023

Local scour downstream of hydraulic structures, such as low head and high head structures, spillways, and culverts is an important research field due to its significant practical value. In this study laboratory experiments were conducted to compute the local scour downstream apron of an ogee spillway under different slopes of apron to study its effect on the characteristics of the scour. Developed physical models for spillway and aprons are installed into the water in the channel where conducted under subcritical flow and clear-water condition by using uniform cohesionless (soil) as bed material with a medium grain size (d50 = 0.65 mm).
Four angles of an apron were used (0 ̊, 2.73 ̊, 5.19 ̊, and 7.43 ̊) to show the effect of the slope for apron on local scour. It is found that the slope of an apron is one of the important parameter to reduce the local scour depth and the extent of scour hole. The influence of slope for aprons angle showed a reduction of about (53, 46, and 35) % in the maximum scour depth and about (33, 49, and 33) % in the maximum scour length compared with horizontal apron for angles (2.73 ̊, 5.19 ̊, and 7.43 ̊), respectively.
IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS BASED ON DISCRETE MULTIWAVELET TRANSFORM
Authors: A.Alasadi Heba
Published: June 2023

In the last two decades, the communication and Internet industry has seen a rapid development, which caused an increase needed to develop an efficient compression image algorithm to reduce the volumes of the information transmitted through the communication system. In this work, the discrete multi wavelet transform is used to build an efficient image compression algorithm. The proposed algorithm is built under MATLAB environment and it is tested using two different images. The experimental results stated that the proposed algorithm has good result with very small loss of resolution when applied on the reconstructed images.
ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE REINFORCED BY POLYPROPYLENE FIBER CONCRETE MADE WITH RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGAT
Authors: A. Ahmed Laith , S. Hassan Shatha , A. Al-Ameer Osama
Published: June 2023

Preserve natural environmental resources and losing of land used as a graveyard for demolition waste concrete buildings, recycling concrete aggregate is one of the green sustainability practices and keep the land and reduce material losses.Â  Investigation on mechanical properties of high performance concrete with polypropylene fiber reinforced. Coarse recycled concrete aggregate was replaced by natural coarse aggregate in three percent 25%, 50%, and 75%. Mechanical properties of high performance concrete are made from replacing natural coarse aggregate by 25% of recycled coarse aggregate, is considered the best among the other replacement ratios compared with the mixture of reference with slight reduction in compression strength by 8%, splitting tensile strength 8%, flexural strength by 9%, with increased total absorption by 4%, and no water under pressure permeable to the concrete specimen. In this study found that it can produce ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete using recycled concrete aggregate with high workability and low cement/water.
PREDICTED DESIGN THICKNESS OF MODIFIED HMA LAYER FOR FLEXIBLE HIGHWAY PAVEMENT
Authors: Al-khafaji Fatimah Fahem
Published: June 2023

The major reason for using asphalt mixture modifiers is to improve the performance of asphalt pavement to meet the requirement under prevailing stresses from traffic loading and environment effects and to reduce the pavement thickness. Structural thickness design of asphalt pavement layers is a function of many factors; one of the most important of them is the elastic modulus (E) of the asphalt mix. E values may be estimated directly in a laboratory by test, or indirectly by correlation with other tests like Marshall Stability. Additionally, E of hot mixture asphalt is used to estimate the layer relative strength coefficient (a) that is used to estimate the Structural Number parameter (SN), which allows for determining the required layer thickness. The major objective of this research is to predate a statically model to estimate the effect of asphalt modification on the layer thickness. 75 specimens of control and modified HMA for surface are designed and tested according to Marshall Method with optimum asphalt cement content (4.8%) and different types and contents of available modifiers.
ESTIMATION OF MONTHLY MEAN REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING GENE EXPRESSION PROGRAMMING
Authors: Al-Aboodi Ali H.
Published: June 2023

Evapotranspiration is a main component of the water cycle and is important in crop growth. Monthly mean reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is estimated using gene expression programming (GEP) in Basrah City, south of Iraq. Various climatic data, such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed are used as inputs of GEP model to estimate the values of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) given by the FAO-56 (Penman-Monteith equation). Nine input combinations tested with GEP are coded as model No. (1-9). Root relative squared error (RRSE) is taken as fitness function in each of GEP models. GEP models with three climatic input variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) take the highest level in the performance. The GEP technique was successfully employed to estimate ETo in the study area. The explicit formulas obtained can be used as powerful models for estimating the mean monthly ETo in the irrigation practices with limited climatic data.
ESTIMATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF THE CONCRETE CONTAINING SUPERPLASTICIZERS
Authors: Chkheiwer Aqeel Hatem
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is investigating of effect of superplasicizer (SP) type and dosage at different levels of compressive strength on the fresh concrete workability and compressive strength development with age. The experimental program included preparation of 18 concrete mixes; these mixes were divided to three groups depending on compressive strength level, in each group, three different types of superplasticizer with two different dosages (0.5 and 1.0%) for each type of SP. The results showed that the type and dosage of SP have pronounced an effect on the development in early age especially. The early compressive strength development of concrete containing PCP and AP types was almost similar and faster than that of NF type. The estimated compressive strength in the early ages by EC2 and ACI 209 equation was lower than the experimental results.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CONTAINING WATER ABSORPTION POLYMER BALLS (WAPB)
Authors: Ahmed Ikram Faraoun
Published: June 2023

Water absorbent polymers (WAP) are new component in producing building materials. They provide internal curing which reduces autogenous cracking, eliminates autogenous shrinkage, mortar strength increased, enhance early age strength to withstand strain, improve the durability, introduce higher early age compressive strength, have higher performance and reduce the effect of insufficient external curing. This research used different percent of polymer balls to choose the percent that provides good development in compressive strength with time for both water and air curing. The water absorption polymer balls in this research have the ability to absorb water and after usage in concrete they spill out the water (internal curing) and shrink leaving voids of their own diameter before shrinking, thus leads to have internal curing with air voids to reduce the samples weight .The required quantity of water for the mixes reduced due to the addition of water from the absorption polymers
EFFECT OF BOLT DIRECTION ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF DOUBLE SHEAR CONNECTIONS
Authors: A. Jawad Faris , Nimnim Salah Talib , Attiya Muhammed Abed
Published: June 2023

The direction of bolts and its effect on the bearing capacity of double shear bolted connections has been examined in this paper. Sixteen specimens with up to four bolts have been tested under tensile load. These specimens have been sorted into two series (L, T) according to the bolt direction with applied loads. The experimental results have clearly indicated that the bearing capacity of connections had been considerably affected by changing the direction of bolts. With tear-out failure, All specimens of L series showed high bearing capacity and good ductility while block shear failure was the distinguishing feature of specimens of  T series.