bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic dissection of attractant-induced conductances inParamecium
Authors: Bell Wade E. , Preston Robin R. , Yano Junji , Van Houten Judith L.
Published: January 2007

Paramecium tetraurelia is attracted to acetate and biotin by swimming smoothly and fast up gradients of these attractants, and turning immediately and slowing down when leaving these stimuli. We use a group of mutants, each with a different defect in an identified ion conductance, to show that these two stimuli open different ion channels, and the behaviors that occur upon application of stimulus (on-response) and removal of stimulus(off-response) have different roles in attraction to these two stimuli. The most important parameters for successful attraction to acetate are the on-response behaviors of fast swimming with few turns, and the mutants'behavior suggests that IK(Ca,h) is the conductance involved that initiates this behavior. IK(Ca,h or d)appears to be important to the on-response in biotin; the results with mutants suggest that the biotin off-response depolarization is initiated by an ICa, which can be large enough or close enough to channels to open IK(Ca,d), INa(Ca) and IMg(Ca).
Total body oxygen stores and physiological diving capacity of California sea lions as a function of sex and age
Authors: Weise Michael J. , Costa Daniel P.
Published: January 2007

A defining physiological capability for air-breathing marine vertebrates is the amount of oxygen that can be stored in tissues and made available during dives. To evaluate the influence of oxygen storage capacity on aerobic diving capacity, we examined the extent to which blood and muscle oxygen stores varied as a function of age, body size and sex in the sexually dimorphic California sea lion, Zalophus californianus. We measured total body oxygen stores, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCHC, plasma volume, blood volume and muscle myoglobin in pups through adults of both sexes. Blood and muscle oxygen storage capacity was not fully developed by the end of the dependency period, with blood stores not fully developed until animals were larger juveniles (70 kg; 1.5-2.5 years) and muscle stores not until animals were sub-adult size (125 kg; 4-6 years). Differences in aerobic diving capacity among size classes were reflective of these major milestones in the development of oxygen stores. Male sea lions had greater absolute blood volume than females and reflected the larger mass of males, which became apparent when animals were large juveniles. Adult female sea lions had greater muscle myoglobin concentrations compared to males, resulting in greater mass-specific muscle and total oxygen stores. Delayed development of oxygen stores is consistent with the shallow epi-mesopelagic foraging behavior in this species. We hypothesize that the greater mass-specific oxygen stores of female sea lions compared to males is related to differences in foraging behavior between the sexes.
The predictive start of hunting archer fish: a flexible and precise motor pattern performed with the kinematics of an escape C-start
Authors: Wöhl Saskia , Schuster Stefan
Published: January 2007

Once their shots have successfully dislodged aerial prey, hunting archer fish monitor the initial values of their prey's ballistic motion and elicit an adapted rapid turning maneuver. This allows these fish to head straight towards the later point of catch with a speed matched to the distance to be covered. To make the catch despite severe competition the fish must quickly and yet precisely match their turn and take-off speed to the initial values of prey motion. However, the initial variables vary over broad ranges and can be determined only after prey is dislodged. Therefore, the underlying neuronal circuitry must be able to drive a maneuver that combines a high degree of precision and flexibility at top speed. To narrow down which neuronal substrate underlies the performance we characterized the kinematics of archer fish predictive starts using digital high-speed video. Strikingly, the predictive starts show all hallmarks of Mauthner-driven teleost C-type fast-starts, which have previously not been noted in feeding strikes and were not expected to provide the high angular accuracy required. The high demands on flexibility and precision of the predictive starts do not compromise their performance. On the contrary, archer fish predictive starts are among the fastest C-starts known so far among teleost fish, with peak linear speed beyond 20 body lengths s-1, angular speed over 4500 deg. s-1, maximum linear acceleration of up to 12 times gravitational acceleration and peak angular acceleration of more than 450 000 deg. s-2. Moreover, they were not slower than archer fish escape C-starts, elicited in the same individuals. Rather, both escapes and predictive starts follow an identical temporal pattern and all kinematic variables of the two patterns overlap. This kinematic equivalence strongly suggests that archer fish recruit their C-start escape network of identified reticulospinal neurons, or elements of it, to drive their predictive starts. How the network drives such a rather complex behavior without compromising speed is a wide open question.
Parameters of variable reward distributions that affect risk sensitivity of honey bees
Authors: Drezner-Levy Tamar , Shafir Sharoni
Published: January 2007

We investigated risk sensitivity with harnessed honey bees in a proboscis-extension conditioning paradigm. We conditioned each subject to turn its head and extend its proboscis towards one of two presented odors; one odor was associated with a constant reward and the other with a variable reward that was either low or high, with probabilities P and (1-P),respectively. Reward values and probabilities were set so that the expected value of the variable alternative was equal to that of the constant one. We performed six experimental conditions in which variability was in reward volume and three conditions in which variability was in reward concentration. The experiments were designed to systematically test the effect of various parameters that describe the reward distributions on levels of risk sensitivity. Risk aversion was greatest when variability was in reward volume,and the variable distribution included zero rewards and had a high coefficient of variation (CV=s.d./mean). The variance itself did not affect risk sensitivity. Subjects were risk indifferent when the variable distribution did not include zero rewards, however these distributions were positively skewed. The independent effects of zero rewards and distribution skew remain to be tested. Subjects were risk indifferent in conditions where variability was in reward concentration, but concentration range was limited and these distributions did not include zero rewards and were skewed. We conclude that risk aversion to variability in reward amount is a robust phenomenon for some reward distributions. A systematic evaluation of the effect of various reward distribution parameters on choice behavior should complement functional and mechanistic approaches.
Measurable Emission Color Change: Size-dependent Reversible Fluorescence Quenching of CdTe Quantum Dots by Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Xia Yunsheng , Zhang Tianlong , Diao Xuelian , Zhu Changqing
Published: January 2007

The measurable emission color change resulting from size-dependent quenching of water-soluble CdTe quantum dots by molecular oxygen was observed experimentally. Particle size, capping ligands as well as pH is proven to govern this quenching process.
Regioselective Metallation of Octaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) with Mixed Bipyrrole Units by Using CuII or CuI
Authors: Mori Megumi , Setsune Jun-ichiro
Published: January 2007

Metallation of meso-tetraphenyloctaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0.1.0) with mixed bipyrrole units with CuII or CuI resulted in the selective formation of CuII octaphyrins in two different figure eight loop conformations.
Size- and Stereo-specific Accommodation of Alkanes and Alkenes in Calixarene-based Microporous Solids
Authors: Ishii Yusuke , Nakayama Naoki , Konishi Katsuaki
Published: January 2007

Hydrophobic micropores created in the crystal lattice of a calix[4]arene–polyoxometalate hybrid (C2-PW) selectively accommodated heptane rather than the branched homologues. The sorption properties were tunable by slight modification of the calixarene unit, whereby the recognition of E–Z stereochemistry of 2-heptene was achieved.
Four years experience with teleneuropathology
Authors: Hutarew G , Schlicker H U , Idriceanu C , Strasser F , Dietze O
Published: January 2007

Between 2002 and 2005, we made 343 intraoperative frozen section diagnoses with a telepathology system, which connected a neurosurgical department to our department of pathology. An expert neuropathologist performed at least one brief gross examination, and this was followed by a smear preparation and a frozen section slide for each case. Frozen section diagnosis lasted on average 26.1 min, calculated from the beginning of gross examination until the surgeon was given the diagnosis. The majority of cases (283 or 83%) were diagnosed in 15–40 min. The mean time needed for macroscopic examination was 3.0 min, time for staining 4.2 min, smear diagnosis took 5.4 min and time for histological diagnosis 10.7 min. Telemicroscopy of a smear slide took 11 times longer compared with light microscopy, and telemicroscopy of a frozen section slide took 16 times longer than with light microscopy. In 6% of cases, the telepathology software posed technical problems, which delayed the time of diagnosis, but not by more than 4 min. We were able to render a diagnosis in all cases (system reliability 100%). After eliminating sampling errors (i.e. cases with no diagnostic material in the frozen section slides and/or in smear preparations), the diagnostic accuracy for telepathology was 97.9%.
A national Finnish e-health development project ‘ProViisikko’
Authors: Paavola Teemu , Mäkelä Kari , Pyykkö Virpi , Perälä Sami
Published: January 2007

The ProViisikko project comprises the pilot projects of the five hospital districts in Finland. The work concerns the development of tools for controlling and monitoring care chains and the development of interactive tools for steering service demand. Five hospital districts, businesses, research institutes, universities, NGOs and other key partners are concentrating, each in their own region, on implementing a specific entity which, together, will produce an overall solution which can be expanded for national or international use, either as a whole or in modular form. Routine functions related to the provision of information will eventually be performed by clients themselves on a variety of terminals rather than at visits to health centres. Call-centres and interactive portals will direct demand accurately to the appropriate social welfare and health care resources. Close cooperation between hospital districts local authorities and development organizations will permit the development of services and products with a population base of 1.2 million and also ensure comparability between regions.
Development of a Web-based bone marrow transplant registry system
Authors: De Mello André Nebel , Trautenmüller Patrícia , Hira Adilson Yuuji , Seber Adriana , De Castro Helaine Cristina , Borsato Maria Luisa , Matsuo Sandra Eri , Zuffo Marcelo Knörich
Published: January 2007

A secure Web-based bone marrow transplant (BMT) registry tool has been developed inside an existing portal for paediatric oncology. The registry ensures identity protection and facilitates data organization and analysis. The registration interface is based on a Portuguese translation of the International Bone Marrow Transplantation Registry (IBMTR) forms. The objectives are to improve the information flow in collaborative BMT research protocols and to facilitate registration of BMT patients, thus improving data analysis and statistics. The system imports pre-existing data from the patient registry on the portal and has an interface that guides the user about completing the data fields according to the diagnosis. It also performs real-time data validation. After completion, the information is kept on the database for future use and the system generates an IBMTR printout form, translated into English, to be sent to the IBMTR centre.
A pilot study of online assessment of childhood speech disorders
Authors: Waite Monique C , Cahill Louise M , Theodoras Deborah G , Busuttin Sarah , Russell Trevor G
Published: January 2007

We investigated the feasibility of assessing childhood speech disorders via an Internet-based telehealth system (eREHAB). The equipment provided videoconferencing through a 128 kbit/s Internet link, and enabled the transfer of pre-recorded video and audio data from the participant to the online clinician. Six children (mean age = 5.3 years) with a speech disorder were studied. Assessments of single-word articulation, intelligibility in conversation, and oro-motor structure and function were conducted for each participant, with simultaneous scoring by a face to face and an online clinician. There were high levels of agreement between the two scoring environments for single-word articulation (92%), speech intelligibility (100%) and oro-motor tasks (91%). High levels of inter- and intra-rater agreement were achieved for the online ratings for most measures. The results suggest that an Internet-based assessment protocol has potential for assessing paediatric speech disorders.
The application of qualitative approaches to the evaluation of telehealth systems in Australia
Authors: Crowe Bernard , Maclsaac Peter
Published: January 2007

Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of telehealth applications is necessary to assist policy making and reimbursement strategies. A number of authors have concluded that because of the complexities of health, both qualitative and quantitative data are required to resolve questions about the appropriate use of diffuse technologies such as telehealth. Both telepsychiatry and teleradiology are already covered for reimbursement in Australia. However, the majority of telehealth applications are not suitable for assessment using traditional HTA quantitative methodology. Assessment of telehealth applications should be based more on qualitative methods involving surveys of the experience of practitioners and patients, rather than relying solely on traditional quantitative methods.
Accuracy of pre-recorded video images for the assessment of rural indigenous children with ear, nose and throat conditions
Authors: Smith Anthony C , Perry Chris , Agnew Julie , Wootton Richard
Published: January 2007

We compared the accuracy of ear, nose and throat (ENT) assessments made by a specialist in the conventional face-to-face (FTF) manner with assessments made using pre-recorded information, i.e. history and video recording of the ears, nose, face and throat. 58 patients, mainly of indigenous background, agreed to participate in the study (median age 6 years, interquartile range 4–8). They were assessed FTF by a specialist and then at least two months later were assessed by the same specialist on the basis of video clips and history recorded by a research nurse. A consensus panel of otolaryngologists compared the diagnosis and management from the original face-to-face appointment and the review of the pre-recorded material. Of the 58 assessments, the diagnosis was the same in 47 cases (81 %). Where differences in opinion occurred, four were considered to be related to the quality of baseline history and seven were thought to be related to the examination. Decisions related to clinical management (including treatment) were identical in 44 cases (76%). Where differences were identified, six were related to quality of history and seven associated with the examination. When intra-observer agreement was measured, there were variations in up to 10% of cases which may explain some of the discrepancies in the cases reviewed. The study confirms that pre-recorded video images are useful for the assessment of common ENT conditions. It also demonstrates the potential of a telemedicine application for the early detection and monitoring of indigenous children at high risk of developing chronic diseases that cause hearing loss.
Group dynamics in telemedicine-delivered and standard multidisciplinary team meetings: results from the TELEMAM randomised trial
Authors: Kunkler Ian , Fielding Guy , Macnab Michele , Swann Sally , Brebner John , Prescott Robin , Maclean Ross , Chetty Udi , Bowman Angela , Neades Glyn , Dixon Mike , Smith Melanie , Walls Andrew , Cairns John , Lee Robert , Lee Amanda , Gardner Tom
Published: January 2007

We compared breast cancer professional's perceptions of group dynamics during standard face-to-face and telemedicine-delivered multidisciplinary team meetings. Staff perceptions were measured by a Group Behaviour Inventory (GBl) consisting of 35 positive statements in 10 group behaviour sub scales: physical resources, knowledge resources, shared goals, climate, discussion norms, discussion behaviours, decision making, output, satisfaction and group status. The participants were based at a cancer centre (the Edinburgh Breast Unit) and two district general hospitals (Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary and Queen Margaret Hospital, Dunfermline) in southern Scotland. Thirty-three (73%) of the core breast cancer multidisciplinary team members completed a pre-trial (face-to-face) GBl and 24 (72%) completed a post telemedicine GBl. Eleven professionals completed both. Both GBIs produced high and similar mean scores for the majority of the ten sub-scales. Participants who completed a GBI questionnaire had similar, although slightly lower, levels of positive attitudes to telemedicine-delivered compared to face-to-face breast cancer multidisciplinary meetings. These findings support the role of videoconferencing for facilitating multidisciplinary team working within a managed cancer clinical network.
A systematic review of successes and failures in home telehealth: preliminary results
Authors: Bensink Mark , Hailey David , Wootton Richard
Published: January 2007

We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies in home telehealth that compared a home telehealth intervention with a non-telehealth standard/usual care alternative in terms of administrative changes, patient management decisions, patient outcomes, caregiver outcomes, economic impact or social impact on patients. A search of various databases produced 6643 references. Of these 769 papers were selected for more detailed investigation. These papers, combined with hand searching of relevant telehealth journals and cross-referencing of citations in identified publications, resulted in 1 38 papers referring to 1 30 projects for review. In this preliminary analysis we used a quality appraisal approach that took into account the study design. An additional analysis of patient numbers was then used to calculate a net evidence score. A large proportion of studies (80%) were randomised controlled trials. Only 22 projects (17%) reported economic data deemed to be sufficient for appraisal. Evidence exists for the clinical effectiveness of home telehealth in diabetes, the general area of mental health, high risk pregnancy monitoring, heart failure and cardiac disease.
A bibliographic snapshot of the telemedicine citation literature
Authors: Whan Peter , Brown Nancy A , Wootton Richard
Published: January 2007

There appear to have been no previous literature-based or literature-oriented studies in telemedicine which have analysed raw citation data. Using a simple search strategy, the Web of Science was analysed up to the end of 2005 to give a snapshot of the field, and to identify matters which would need to be considered in larger scale bibliometric studies. Of the 3673 telemedicine documents retrieved, 221 3 (60%) had been cited. Of 56,875 citation records, 32,460 unique citation formats were found. The most-cited paper, and the paper with the greatest annual citation rate, was Perednia and Allen's review article in JAMA, 1995. The two specialist telemedicine journals published 40% of all papers retrieved. In the general literature (i.e. excluding the two specialist journals) there were 1556 citations to their 1 374 ‘citable’ articles, apportioned in the ratio 76:24, almost exactly in accordance with the distribution of the articles themselves. However, each of the two specialist telemedicine journals cited itself in a proportion higher than its share of original articles, with an ‘excess’ of self-citations of 14% in the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, and 19% in the Telemedicine Journal and E-Health. Despite certain technical difficulties, there is considerable scope for bibliometric research in telemedicine.
Aeroelastic Model Test on Cable Dome of Geiger Type
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hong , Tamura Yukio
Published: January 2007

Preliminary results of an aeroelastic wind tunnel test on cable dome of Geiger type are presented in this paper. The structural design of the model is given out in details. Similarity requirement based on dimensional analysis is discussed including Froude number, Cauchy number and Scruton number, for etc. The required structural tests on aeroelastic model are conducted. Dynamic instability subject to harmonic excitation like SDOF hardening system is verified. Both odd and even frequency components are excited when the shaking table dowels at 29Hz. For the one-degree-of-freedom Duffing model, even frequency components will be impossible due to the symmetry of the motion equation if symmetry-breaking bifurcation behaviors do not occur. Ambient modal test shows the aeroelastic damping is significant. Some statistical results of wind tunnel tests are presented. Possibility of aeroelasic instability of cable dome is discussed.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Spindle Shaped Tensairity Girders
Authors: Luchsinger Rolf H. , Crettol René
Published: January 2007

The new structural concept Tensairity® is a synergetic combination of cables, struts, membranes and low pressure compressed air. The role of the air and membrane is to pretension the cables and to stabilize the compression element against buckling. The new light weight structure has a variety of applications ranging from wide span roof structures to temporary bridges. Recent realizations of Tensairity as the roof of the parking garage in Montreux Switzerland rely on the spindle shape of the girders. First experimental investigations of a spindle shaped Tensairity girder under bending load are presented and compared to numerical results and some analytical results. Geometrical properties and simple approximation formulas for the surface area, the volume and the stresses in an inflated spindle are given.
Attenuation of Slat Trailing Edge Noise Using Acoustic Liners
Authors: Ma Zhaokai , Smith Malcolm G. , Richards Simon K. , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2007

Noise generated by high-lift devices such as the slats on the leading edge of a wing is a major contributor to the overall airframe noise during the landing approach of a commercial aircraft. In this work the concept of attenuating noise sources located at the trailing edge of a slat using absorptive acoustic liners in the slat gap is explored using a time-domain computational aeroacoustic (CAA) scheme. The aim of the computational modelling is to demonstrate the feasibility of controlling slat noise using acoustic liners, and to optimize the design for a future experiment. A model scale three-element high-lift airfoil is modelled; the slat and flap deflection angles are 23 deg and 32 deg respectively and the slat has a blunt trailing edge. The freestream Mach number is 0.2 and the main element angle of attack is 5 deg, corresponding to a typical approach condition. The Reynolds number is 3.6 million, based on the airfoil chord with the high-lift devices retracted.

The computational results are divided into three parts: (1) an unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation using high-order spatial and temporal schemes is conducted for a wing without acoustic liners; the computed flow shows the presence of vortex shedding and acoustic sources behind the slat trailing edge; (2) a calculation of the radiated sound field is made for a range of liner impedance values by solving the linearised Euler equations (LEE) for a modelled acoustic source located at the trailing edge of the slat; (3) URANS computations for the wing with liner treatment are conducted. The results show that acoustic liners on the slat cove and on the main element can provide useful attenuation of slat trailing edge noise.
High and Low Frequency Actuation Comparison for a Weapons Bay Cavity
Authors: Schmit Ryan F. , Raman Ganesh
Published: January 2007

This paper compares the effectiveness of zero- low- and high-frequency flow control methodologies when applied to a generic weapons bay cavity. Using the High Frequency Excitation Active Flow Control for Supersonic Weapons Release (HIFEX) generic weapons bay model the actuators were tested at Mach 0.85 and 1.19. The zero-frequency actuator tested was a conventional one-delta “sawtooth” spoiler, while the low-frequency device was a pulse-blowing actuator. The sawtooth spoiler performed as expected by reducing the Overall Spectrum Level (OASL) slightly in both the subsonic and supersonic cases. The pulsed-blowing actuator reduced the OASL as much as 9.6dB for both the subsonic and supersonic cases. The high-frequency devices tested were the Powered Resonance Tube (PRT) and a Splash Jet actuator. The PRT and Splash Jet reduced the (OASL) equally well at Mach 0.85 for all the mass flow rates tested. The PRT outperformed all other actuators at Mach 1.19 except for the highest mass flow rate of 0.227 kg/s, where the Splash Jet performed equally as well the PRT.
Positively curved manifolds with maximal discrete symmetry rank
Authors: Fang Fuquan , Rong Xiaochun
Published: January 2007

Let M be a closed simply connected n -manifold of positive sectional curvature. We determine its homeomorphism or homotopic type if M also admits an isometric elementary p -group action of large rank. Our main results are: There exists a constant p ( n ) > 0 such that (1) If M 2 n admits an effective isometric [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]-action for a prime p ≥ p ( n ), then k ≤ n and "=" implies that M 2 n is homeomorphic to a sphere or a complex projective space. (2) If M 2 n +1 admits an isometric S 1 × [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /]-action for a prime p ≥ p ( n ), then k ≤ n and "=" implies that M is homeomorphic to a sphere. (3) For M in (1) or (2), if n ≥ 7 and k ≥ [3 n /4] + 2, then M is homeomorphic to a sphere or homotopic to a complex projective space.
Analytic continuation of the resolvent of the Laplacian on SL(3)/ SO(3)
Authors: Mazzeo Rafe , Vasy András
Published: January 2007

In this paper we continue our program of extending the methods of geometric scattering theory to encompass the analysis of the Laplacian on symmetric spaces of rank greater than one and their geometric perturbations. In our previous work we described the resolvent, and specifically the asymptotic behavior of the Green's function, on SL(3)/ SO(3) using methods from three-particle scattering. Here we extend the technique of complex scaling to symmetric spaces to show that the resolvent continues analytically across the spectrum.
Masculinity and Monuments in Propertius 4.9
Authors: Welch Tara S
Published: January 2007

In elegy 4.9, Propertius connects the story of Hercules'
transvestism to some of Rome's most ancient and venerable sites: the
Ara Maxima, the subject of the poem's aition, and the sanctuary
of the Bona Dea, where the poem's action takes place. These locations
resonate with Rome's traditional gender roles and with the Augustan
urban renovation. This essay argues that Propertius' use of monuments
in 4.9 responds to and challenges the Princeps' use of Roman places as
a means to solidify his position in the new Rome, thereby establishing
the poet as the Princeps' rival in creating urban meaning.
Manufacturing Descent: Virgil's Genealogical Engineering
Authors: Hannah Brent
Published: January 2007

The structural framework of the Aeneid is founded upon the mechanisms of mythical genealogy. In Virgil's representation of history, the series of wars from Troy to Actium can be understood in terms of the mutual enmity between two genealogical lines: the dynasties of Dardanus and Inachus. The narrative, however, also portrays the appropriation and interpretation of those very genealogies as acts that are dependent upon their rhetorical, political context. By dramatizing the deployment and interpretation of validating myths, the Aeneid provides an incisive commentary on the relationship between myth and power in the Roman world.
Theodor Kocher's Surgical and Clinical Case Presentations
Authors: Isepponi Oliver , Huwiler Valentin , Boschung Urs
Published: January 2007

The results of an analysis of the clinical case presentations
elaborated in manuscript by Theodor Kocher (1841-1917) in his first
years as a professor at the University of Bern, Switzerland (1872-75),
are summarized in order to indicate a hitherto little-known source for
the history of surgery and to illustrate the early career of the Nobel
Prize winner of 1909.
Autobiography as Dissidence: Subjectivity, Sexuality, and the Women's Co-operative Guild
Authors: Tilghman Carolyn Marie
Published: January 2007

This article examines British working-class women's autobiography as a form of political dissidence. Crucial to guildswomen's collective autobiographical practice was writing about the reproductive body within the socio/historical context of class and gender relations from the perspective of women. As revealed in Maternity: Letters from Working Women (1915) and in Life as We Have Known It (1931), guildswomen's life writing contested boundaries between political and domestic spheres, shifted emphasis from the individual to a collective identity, and demanded the inclusion of reproductive rights within the domain of human rights.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon : A Diasporic Reading
Authors: Klein Christina
Published: January 2007

This article proposes that Ang Lee's Chinese-language martial arts film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, be seen as a work of diasporic cinema. The essay explores how the film's material production and its aesthetic form have been shaped by Lee's ties to his Chinese homeland, to other members of the Chinese diaspora, and to the Hollywood films of his American hostland.
Assessing the Campus Climate for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender (GLBT) Students Using a Multiple Perspectives Approach
Authors: Brown Robert Donald , Clarke Brandy , Gortmaker Valerie , Robinson-Keilig Rachael
Published: January 2007

In this study we compared perceptions of the campus climate for GLBT
students from surveys returned by 80 GLBT students, 253 general students,
126 faculty members, 41 student affairs staff members, and 105 residence
hall assistants. A snowball sampling strategy was used to collect GLBT
student responses, all residence hall assistants were surveyed, and a
stratified random sampling process was used for faculty, student affairs
staff, and general students. Some survey scales were common across all
groups and some were unique to each group. They focused on knowledge,
interest, and involvement in GLBT topics, attitudes toward GLBT persons
and issues, and perceptions of the campus climate. The authors believe
the results suggest that sufficient differences exist across and within
(sex and class for students, sex and academic discipline for faculty)
campus community groups to warrant using a multiple perspectives approach
when assessing the campus climate for GLBT students.
Do Liberal Arts Colleges Really Foster Good Practices in Undergraduate Education?
Authors: Pascarella Ernest T , Cruce Ty M , Wolniak Gregory C , Blaich Charles F
Published: January 2007

Researchers estimated the net effects of liberal arts colleges on 19
measures of good practices in undergraduate education grouped into seven
categories. Analyses of 3-year longitudinal data from five liberal arts
colleges, four research universities, and seven regional universities
were conducted. Net of a battery of student precollege characteristics,
whether or not a student was enrolled full-time and lived on campus,
and the academic selectivity of the institution attended, liberal
arts colleges evidenced stronger positive impacts on a broad range of
empirically vetted good practices in undergraduate education than did
either research universities or regional institutions. The impact was
most pronounced in the initial year of postsecondary education.
Social Skills Difficulty: Model of Culture Shock for International Graduate Students
Authors: Chapdelaine Raquel Faria , Alexitch Louise R
Published: January 2007

This study expanded and tested Furnham and Bochner's (1982) model of culture shock, employing a sample of 156 male international students in a Canadian university. Path analysis was used to assess the effects of cultural differences, size of co-national group, family status, cross-cultural experience, and social interaction with hosts on culture shock. Results suggested that social interaction with hosts plays an important role in international students' adjustment.
Where This Path May Lead: Understanding Career Decision-Making for Postcollege Life
Authors: Brown Scott C.
Published: January 2007

Although students may use campus career center programs and services, their career decision-making processes can be influenced by a variety of people and experiences, in and out of class, on and off campus. This study is an exploration, through the framework of a wisdom development model, of the myriad ways college students make their postcollege decisions, with implications for campus policies and practice.
Identity, Descent, and Polemic: Ethnic Argumentation in Eusebius' Praeparatio Evangelica
Authors: Johnson Aaron P
Published: January 2007

This paper argues that the apologetic methodology of Eusebius'
Praeparatio Evangelica is grounded upon a portrayal of the nations
of the world (in particular the Greeks) in contradistinction to the
Christian nation. I call this methodology "ethnic argumentation." Building
upon the insights of recent ethnicity theory, which emphasizes the
discursive nature of ethnic identity, I offer a reading of the first
six books of the Praeparatio that attempts to appreciate more
fully the significance of Eusebius' construction of ethnic identity. In
particular, I take Eusebius to be providing a narrative of descent
of the Greek nation from those of the Phoenicians and Egyptians,
and then to be dealing with particular issues that pertain to this
narrative: the opposition to Greek allegorists, the delineation of
national character, and (most importantly) Eusebius' preparation for
a new national option—Christianity—whose Hebrew ancestors
were older and more pious than the ancestors of the other nations.
Do Characteristics Associated With Nursing Home Residents Vary by Race/Ethnicity?
Authors: Davis Juliet A , Lapane Kate L
Published: January 2007

This study identifies differences in the predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics of racial/ethnic minorities and non-Hispanic white men and women upon nursing home admission. The data come from the 1999 National Nursing Home Survey of Current Residents and contain 3,798 women of color, 3,787 men of color, 18,719 non-Hispanic white men, and 36,900 non-Hispanic white women. We estimated prevalence differences and 95% confidence intervals for the absolute differences in prevalence. Women of color in nursing homes are more likely than non-Hispanic white women in nursing homes to be bedfast and require assistance with dressing and money management. Men of color in nursing homes are more likely than non-Hispanic white men in nursing homes to require assistance with eating, care of possessions, managing money, securing personal items, and using the telephone. The overall finding suggests that people of color in nursing homes have greater impairments than non-Hispanic whites in nursing homes, and that men of color in nursing homes have greater impairment than any other race or gender categories.
Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations and the Problems of Transition
Authors: Bell Christine , Keenan Johanna
Published: January 2007

Human rights protections are often a key dimension in peace agreements and settlements. One would expect the human rights nongovernmental organizations who worked to ensure such protection, to play a primary role in ensuring the implementation of human rights commitments. However, the same transitional landscape which holds out opportunities for improved human rights enforcement, also gives rise to problems for domestic human rights NGOs. Post-agreement, patterns of conflict, the human rights mechanisms available, and the human rights "players," all mutate. This can create difficulties for human rights NGOs with respect to their mandate, priorities, funding, recruitment, and their relationships with other groups. This article describes and analyzes how transition affects domestic human rights NGOs using examples from different countries. In conclusion, a number of recommendations are made to improve human rights protection post-conflict.
At the Crossroads of Two Empires: Mira Nair's Mississippi Masala and the Limits of Hybridity
Authors: Seshagiri Urmila
Published: January 2007

This essay addresses Mira Nair's canonical 1992 film Mississippi
Masala and explores its troubled parentage of contemporary immigrant,
diaspora, and South Asian American cinema. While newer films about the
South Asian diaspora describe cultural integration rather than the complex
politics of exile, Mississippi Masala could not envision a future in
which cultural hybridity held a legitimate public space. The inescapable
legacy of empire produces a disjuncture between Mississippi Masala's
forward-looking politics and its ambivalent ending: the film illuminates
but fails to transcend the geographical and historical boundaries of
British colonialism and American slavery. The very hybridity that Mira
Nair celebrates through vibrant visual spectacle finds itself bereft of a
"place" on empireÕs geographical and political map.
South Africa After Apartheid: The First Decade
Authors: Alence Rod
Published: January 2007

South Africa celebrated ten years of democracy in April 2004 with a third round of national elections. The African National Congress — led by Nelson Mandela's successor, Thabo Mbeki — won another overwhelming victory. The country's transition will be remembered for the surprising ease with which seemingly intractable conflict was subjected to the routine functioning of democratic institutions. This essay analyzes South Africa's first decade of democracy — covering themes of electoral politics and administration, and government responsiveness and accountability. Perhaps paradoxically, the emergence of a single-party dominant regime has coincided with the institutional strengthening of political contestation and constitutional government. Implications for democratic consolidation and developmental governance are discussed.
World Religions and Democracy: The Ironies of Confucianism
Authors: Chaibong Hahm
Published: January 2007

Abstract: The teachings of Confucius and the heritage of Confucianism in East Asian societies such as Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, and Singapore have encouraged loyalty to the state, including the modernizing nation-state. Such modernization, at least when it has taken the form of market-based, capitalist economic growth or development, has aided democratization. Confucianism guards no special sphere of conscience against the state in the way that some other spiritual traditions have, but the Confucian tradition sponsors no fundamentalisms and has even been a protoliberal influence. Its career has been ironic, but it has not hurt and may even have helped democracy.
Becoming Van Minh : Civilizational Discourse and Visions of the Self in Twentieth-Century Vietnam
Authors: Bradley Mark
Published: January 2007

This essay examines the ways in which explorations of van minh or civilization in Vietnamese
radical thought of the colonial period opened up novel apprehensions of the
self. It locates Vietnamese articulations of self and society in the global circulation of
civilizational discourse and its redemptive, egalitarian, and transcendent yearnings.
Although the turn to collectivist paths of political and social action in the 1930s forestalled
the radical vision, it has reemerged in contemporary Vietnam, where questions
of individual freedom and moral autonomy shape indigenous debates over the uneasy
relationship of postcolonial Vietnam with the forces of globalization.
Swinburne's Radical Artifice; or, The Comedian as A. C.
Authors: McGann Jerome J
Published: January 2007

Though Swinburne achieved an instant notoriety in his early published work, Ruskin and Henry Adams accurately forecast the cultural resistance that his writing would provoke. The reasons were both technical and ideological. Nonetheless, the emergence of many forms of "radical artifice" after 1960 brought a recovery of some essential and neglected
resources of the Modernist revolution. In the context of our "late Modernism," Swinburne's brilliant and highly innovative work may begin to come into focus again.
"What's My DNA Worth, Anyway?" A Response to the Commercialization of Individuals' DNA Information
Authors: Bear John C
Published: January 2007

Extensive enthusiasm surrounds the potential for human DNA information to sustain and enhance the pharmaceutical industry's profitability. Nevertheless, persons whose health makes their DNA of commercial interest are routinely expected simply to give their DNA and the information in it to pharmaceutical or genomics companies or their academic intermediaries, voluntarily and without compensation. This state of affairs is increasingly recognized as paradoxical, but it is favored by conventional bioethical opinion. Given that most DNA information is now collected for commercial purposes and is worth considerably more than is generally imagined, bioethical objections to compensation of individuals for their DNA information are inappropriate. This paper suggests approaches by which individuals and representative governments and patient interest groups can negotiate compensation. Appreciable attitudinal change is required if those individuals personally involved are to be included fairly in the commercialization of human DNA information. Ultimately, however, such change is necessary if commercial genetic research is to respect human dignity and human rights.
Bodies and Borders: A New Cultural History of Medicine
Authors: Brieger Gert H
Published: January 2007

Both medicine and the history of medicine have seen many changes in the last four decades. The way we tell the story of medical developments no longer concentrates on the important doctors and their ideas. The influences of social history in the 1960s and 1970s and cultural history in the 1980s and 1990s have broadened and enriched the interpretations of our medical past. The social historians have helped us to include politics, economics, and the leading ideas of any period we wanted to study; the cultural approach has added ethnography as well as an emphasis on language or discourse.Today there is a new history of medicine, one far more willing to cross disciplinary boundaries to ask questions about how we know what we know and why we do what we do.This article highlights some of the work in the adjoining fields of medical anthropology and of literature and medicine to demonstrate new interests, new questions, and new methods of inquiry. However, although we have cast our nets far more widely in the process of professionalizing the history of medicine, there is a question about whether we have lost the appeal to one of our core constituencies: medical students and physicians. We need to welcome some of the new changes in medical history as in medicine itself; the common goal is to achieve a better understanding of what we have done and what we are doing.
Physician Heal Thyself: The Library and Information Science Serials Crisis
Authors: Schmidle Deborah J , Via Barbara J
Published: January 2007

The serials pricing crisis continues to generate a great deal
of concern among academic libraries in recent years. This article
contributes to the discussion by presenting findings regarding
price trends within a specific academic discipline (library
science). Specifically, the authors provide data from their review of
subscription prices for 132 English language, library, and information
science journals over a five-year period (1997-2002). Particular
attention is paid to the markedly different price increases of commercial
and academic (or association) publishers, respectively, as evidenced
by findings on both an aggregate and an individual, journal-by-journal
basis. Information regarding the impact of price increases on collection
development is also provided.
Positive Expression of Negative Attributes: An Aspect of Yoruba Court Poetry
Authors: Akínyẹmí Akíntúndé
Published: January 2007

There are official royal bards at the courts of prominent African paramount rulers who sing in praise of these monarchs. Although it is the exaltation of the kings that dominates the bards' production, there are also traces of criticism of the monarchs' unpopular policies and high-handedness. Such critical comments, however, are not easily identifiable because they are often presented in figuratively dense language. Using the court bards in the palace of the Aláàfin of Òyó, a prominent Yorùbá ruler, as a case study, this paper explains how the bards employ poetic skills and diplomacy in discharging this difficult responsibility. It is my claim in this paper that the production of Yorùbá royal bards must be correctly interpreted before it can be meaningfully related to events in the society. While it is true that the material of the poetry might have been taken from common daily occurrences, it has to undergo some form of aesthetic adornment to become poetry. The purpose of this paper is to unmask the bards' tactics of criticizing their patrons.
Cross-Dressing, Gender, and Absolutism in the Beaumont and Fletcher Plays
Authors: Berek Peter
Published: January 2007

Cross-dressing in the Beaumont and Fletcher canon marks anxieties or conflicted ideas about royal absolutism. Love's Cure, The Loyal Subject, Philaster, and The Maid's Tragedy display anxiety about the intersection of gender and authority. Tragicomic dramaturgy lends itself to the social function of embodying rather than resolving contradictions. And a new kind of "femaleness" in these plays, encoding passive versions of male virtue, implies a redefinition of maleness that conflates passivity with heroism. Mingling the discourses of gender and of sovereignty, Beaumont and Fletcher created immoral or inept monarchs and women whose conduct reassured an androgynous masculinity.
Clockwise-Counterclockwise (The Vowelless Revolution)
Authors: Golub Spencer
Published: January 2007

This essay locates Russian revolutionary agency in a scenographic solution, specifically in Lyubov Popova's constructivist set for Vsevolod Meyerhold's 1922 production of The Magnanimous Cuckold. Filtering Crommelynck's tragifarce (which dramatizes the consequences of imagined marital infidelity) through a filter of formalist staging and design that featured geometric shapes and linguistic signs enabled Meyerhold to treat provocatively the postrevolutionary themes of disillusionment, (mis)representation and individual consciousness in a collectivist society. Meyerhold's theatricalist mise en sc�ne interrogated state-supported and non-state-supported theoretical principles of aesthetic, social, and individual constructedness The formalist theories of Viktor Shklovsky, who introduced the concepts of "Art as Device" and "defamiliarization" in Russia in 1917, and the thematically allied theories of Mikhail Bakhtin helped to frame and to spin this multifaceted discussion.