bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of product diversification technology in marginal pond land
Authors: Hartati  , Nuryadi A M , Husein H
Published: March 2021

Fishpond farmers cultivate their pond lands on marginal land conditions by means of subsistence. The research was to analyze the pond’s management, the income of the pond farmers, and the subsistence pond business development model towards product diversification. This research was conducted on ponds in Kendari Bay, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Determination of respondents using purposive sampling method with the consideration that pond farmers have carried out milkfish cultivation in the last three years. This study uses a simple statistical approach, income analysis, descriptive analysis and product diversification model. The main findings of this research are that pond farmers have applied fertilization technology, pest eradication and water circulation. Fertilization grows moss which is used as milkfish feed. Most of the respondents only provide moss as the only feed for milkfish. On the other hand, the pond land has also been polluted. The results of this study show that subsistence pond farmers have very little income, only Rp. 4,689,000/year. Thus, the recommended model for developing a pond business is a product diversification model. The product diversification referred to is: 1) milkfish and shrimp cultivation, 2) thorn-pulled milkfish and frozen shrimp processing, 3) Utilization of dragon fruit cultivation pond embankments, 4) fishing areas, and 5) culinary grilled fish from the pond. Based on the results of product diversification simulation analysis, it is known that the pond farmers can increase their income through product diversification.
Dynamic of behavior of the small and medium scale fisheries traders in Cilincing District, North Jakarta encountered the pandemic of Covid-19
Authors: Widihastuti R , Hikmah  , Nurlaili  , Purnomo A H
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic occurred in early 2020, precisely at the end of February. The Covid-19 pandemic is a global problem, prompting the government to implement a large-scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy. This policy certainly has an impact on business continuity. One of them is a small-scale fishing community group that is feeling the impact of the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Small-scale fishing businesses are fishermen with fleet users under 10 GT. Although they have a normal marine routine or no change, some problems are found when there is a decrease in sales and build-up of catches. This issue supports the reason why research is done. The research was conducted in July 2020, with the location of Cilincing District, North Jakarta. Data retrieval techniques are conducted in-depth interviews, while data analysis is done qualitatively supported by quantitative data. The analysis shows that the dynamics of small-scale and middle scale fishery marketers’ behavior in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic are a) Lowering the price of fresh fish and b) Selling fresh fishes to fishery business of salted fish processor
Ectoparasite infections on Mangrove Crabs (Scylla sp.) in soft shell crab aquaculture in Banda Aceh city, Indonesia
Authors: Putra D F , Ashari R , Nurfadillah N , Othman N
Published: March 2021

This research examined the prevalence and intensity rate of ectoparasites that infected mangrove crab (Scyllasp.) at crab aquaculture area in Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. The study was conducted at three soft shell mangrove crab aquaculture in three different areas. Purposive sampling method was used within three aquaculture sites at Cot Langkeuweh, Gampoeng Blang, and Lamjabat village. The targeted organ was carapace, walk and swim leg and gill. Results showed that there were five parasites found from three family such asZoothamnium sp. Vorticella sp., and Epistylis sp. Octolasmis sp., andCopepoda sp.The highest prevalence rate wasEpistylis sp. with value of 50-60% whereas the lowest prevalence wasZoothamnium sp. andOctolasmis sp.with its value of 20%. The highest intensity level wasOctolasmis sp., andZoothamniumsp. with value of 8-11.3 ind/species, whereas the lowest intensity wasCopepoda sp. with value of 2 ind/species.
Application of virgin coconut oil in feed in efforts to increase growth and survival rate of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Febri S P , Fikri A , Hanisah  , Nazlia S , Zuraidah  , Putriningtias A , Faisal T M , Murdhiani  , Muliari
Published: March 2021

The use of natural ingredients in commercial feed has been widely used in the field of cultivation. This natural ingredient is used as a feed additive to increase feed efficiency and promote growth. This study aimed to analyze whether VCO has an influence on the growth of red tilapia (Orechromissp.). The research method used was the experimental method with 4 treatments and 3 replications (P0 = control; P1 = 5 ml VCO/500 g feed; P2 = 10 ml VCO/500 g feed; P3 = 15 ml VCO/500 g feed). The results showed that the addition of VCO to commercial feed had no effect on the growth in absolute weight, daily growth, survival rate and feed conversion ratio of red tilapia. This happens because the VCO dosage used was not suitable so that it was not effective against the maximum energy intake for red tilapia.
Morphometric variations of tropical eel Anguilla bicolor (McClelland, 1844) harvested from different locations within Aceh waters, Indonesia
Authors: Batubara A S , Nur F M , Perdana A W , Syahril A , Muchlisin Z A
Published: March 2021

Anguilla bicolor is a commercial and predominant species within the eels group in Aceh waters. The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphometric variation of the A. bicolor collected from three different locations in Aceh waters, Indonesia. A total of 18 individuals of fish samples (6 individuals from every location) were measured for traditional-truss network morphometric characters. The univariate (ANOVA) analysis showed that the morphometric of the three eel populations were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Multivariate (Discriminant function analysis, DFA) analysis was successfully grouping three eel populations into three groups, where A. bicolor SKL and A. bicolor TB were more similar than A. bicolor KJU populations.
Generation of ocean internal wave with vertical-slice hydrodynamic simulation
Authors: Akhyar M , Wafdan R , Haditiar Y , Ikhwan M , Setiawan I , Rizal S
Published: March 2021

The instability of the density of seawater causes the formation of internal waves in the sea. This phenomenon is difficult to observe visually but can be studied with a hydrodynamic model approach. This study investigates the internal waves caused by underwater obstructions (seamounts) and the stratified density with a two-dimensional marine hydrodynamic model. Four scenarios are simulated in studying internal waves. Two scenarios used one barrier with uniform density and stratified density (based on the Brunt Vaisala stability frequencyN2= 5 x 10-4s-2). Meanwhile, the other two scenarios use two barriers with uniform density and stratified density (based on the Brunt Vaisala stability frequencyN2= 5 x 10-4s-2). Based on the simulation results, it is known that the density conditions have a significant effect on the dynamics of ocean currents. In hydrodynamic simulations of one and two barriers with varying or stratified densities, current resonances and density resonances are formed underwater topography. Meanwhile, in uniform density, the currents formed the rotor, cavity, turbulence, and resonance with the underwater topography. Thus the current dynamics are stronger in the case of uniform density than in the stratified density. It has implications for differences in the mixing of suspended matter in the sea. So this study can be useful in the study of sediment transport, upwelling, the thermocline layer, energy from internal waves, and the distribution of plankton or fish larvae.
A Novel Aided Diagnosis Schema for COVID 19 Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed Salih , Abid Yaser M. , Omran Alaa Hamza , Abdul-Majeed GH
Published: March 2021

Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic is the first reason of deaths in people. Where the number of patients who have the same symptoms increased; however, the main causative agent separated and analysed. At the first, it called a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) then it was renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that cause a disease called COVID- 19. One of the symptoms of the disease is the difficulty breathing caused by lung damage that needs to be detected earlier as much as possible. Chest X-ray images are one of medical images, which can be read by physicians to detect COVID-19. In this paper, the suggested Schema of convolutional neural network (CNN) that can aid the doctors in hospital to improve the diagnosis of the five different classes (COVID-19, MERS SARS, ARDS and Normal). For evaluating testing set, the practical outcomes demonstrates the suggested Schema of CNN classifier with an accuracy of 98%.
AIOT-Arch: Furthering Artificial Intelligence in Big Data IoT Applications
Authors: Said Sandra , Ihab Rowan , Hesham Ossama , Tabl Islam Abou , Maged Nu , Youssef Sherin , Elagamy Mazen
Published: March 2021

Applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) have evolved in excessive numbers, producing a vast amount of data needed for intelligent processing. The varying IoT infrastructures such as cloud and IoT application layer protocol limitations in the transmission/receiving of messages become the barriers in the implementation of intelligent IoT apps. In this paper, we review the importance of Big data, cloud computing and fog computing in IoT and the challenges of using machine learning in IoT. Finally, we discuss the general statistics of using artificial intelligence in IoT applications.
A mobile based communication solution for monitoring remote agricultural locations
Authors: Elshamy O , Fayed I , Khalifa A , Abdeen A , Zaher N
Published: March 2021

In this paper a method for the effective transmission of data, from a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a remote agricultural location with limited connectivity, is proposed; along with a meaningful visualisation of the data at the user end to help in decision making and control of the irrigation system. The paper encompasses three main segments which are data compression, checking for network availability, and user interface. First data compression is implemented to reduce the amount of transmitted data, due to limited connectivity in the area, which is translated in low data rate and high cost of sending the data. Four different techniques are compared: Huffman encoding, Lempel-Ziv-Welsh (LZW), differential encoding, and Run Length Encoding (RLE) to carry out data compression, where Huffman encoding showed the best results when combined with differential encoding. The second phase is the handling of poor network conditions in the agricultural plant by switching between two different communication modes: Mobile data and Short Message Service (SMS). Lastly, the user monitoring centre which is a mobile application that allows the user to monitor and control the agricultural plant remotely. It includes mapping and visualization of temperature and soil moisture data and a control system to control the irrigation system. The solution presents a low-cost alternative for start-up agricultural projects in third world countries, where network instability is an issue and off-the-shelf expensive solutions are not a viable option.
Towards Developing Test Case Plan for Medical Report Management System (MRMS)
Authors: Norita  , Firdaus  , Johanna
Published: March 2021

Software testing is known as one of the main activities in the software development life cycle that can cause system failure without a proper plan. The testing phase consists of a few activities, such as developing the test case plan, the test design, and also the execution and evaluation process. Medical Report Management System (MRMS) is one of the subsystems of the Hospital Management System that has been proposed to overcome all issues when using the manual process. The MRMS helps in controlling and monitoring the hospital records and this can affect the hospital performance. Due to that reason, a proper and well plan test case plan is needed to make sure that MRMS execute as what has been proposed by the hospital staff. This project proposed a test case plan for the testing process of the MRMS. The test plan will be used for the testing processes and the results of the testing phase will be reported in future work. The test plan will be used to plan the testing phase wisely and provide solutions in order to alleviate common random testing issues. This MRMS has different characteristics that need to be verified. If it’s not tested as a whole, the users may find that the system becomes very slow or may malfunction when applications for medical reports are high at one time.
Critical Implementation Factors for Cloud-Based Enterprise Resources planning in the Nigerian Maritime Transport and Supply Chain
Authors: Kuranga A , Maslin M , Maarop N
Published: March 2021

Technology has deeply impacted the practice of shipping in the maritime industry worldwide, this explains the way and manner big organizations have engaged modern technology like Cloud-based Enterprise Resources Planning, to manage the key parts of their businesses. Recent research and practices have shown that cloud-based ERP systems if implemented correctly could be a great beneficial advantage to the logistics and supply chain process of a large organization. Unfortunately, the implementation has been slow in the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). Reports have shown that there is a need to re-engineer linkages between service systems within the growing organizations. From the perspective of an enterprise like NIMASA, only limited research has been conducted that has played an important role in intimating the organization towards the adoption of a cloud-based ERP system as well as the post-implementation measures. Most recent studies have been conducted only in the context of generic information system adoption. Information system research is not strong enough without considering the articulating system speed and performance of CERP. This study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption of Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (CERP) in the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency with a focus on Maritime logistics and supply chain. A structured based questionnaire was administered to 130 senior maritime workers in the Nigerian Maritime industry to extract factors that hinder the adoption of information systems like cloud-based ERP. The quantitative data were analyzed based on the impact ranking to inform a proposed implementation model for a Cloud-based ERP in the organization. The research also highlights some important Critical Success Factors like technology-related factors, funding for technology innovation (Economic and financial factors), Policy related barriers, and how they influence development in the Maritime industry.
A Review of Risks for Bim Adoption in Malaysia Construction Industries: Multi Case Study
Authors: Ahlam B Q A , Rahim Z Abdul
Published: March 2021

In tandem with the global changes taking place oriented with industry 4.0, including digitization and automation, Malaysia also demands the innovation-led technological transformation. In the transition to digital technologies, industry 4.0 for the construction industry is bound for Building Information Modelling (BIM). The developments of BIM have posed major risk factors that might hinder construction companies for continuous change. BIM is still at an early stage in Malaysia, with that being said, little is known about its process and it is not yet clear what risk factors might hinder the early process of BIM adoption. This paper introduces the risk factors that might hinder the process towards BIM adoption; emphasis more on risk factors of each industry. Three construction industries in Malaysia were chosen to review the risk factors of each industry using purposive document analysis method. The risk in Malaysia construction industry 4.0 is divided into technical and non-technical factors. There are similar and different expectations of each construction industry toward BIM adoption and there are risks where organizations are still not fully aware of it. Each company has to decide its route and the most effective way to reach the destination. The outcomes of this article might help to support and guide Malaysia construction industries to pay major attention to such risks and plan ways to overcome
State of The Art on Development of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Corrosion in Marine Applications
Authors: Wy Y S , Johari N , Mazlan S A
Published: March 2021

Owing to the water-repellence and anti-sticking properties, superhydrophobic technology has become a burgeoning subject of research area in innumerable fields. A great deal of literature articles covering corrosion control applications has been published. Howbeit, specific review focusing on superhydrophobic approach to ameliorate durability performance of coatings for corrosion protection in marine applications is still lacking. This literature first introduces the basic principles of superhydrophobicity, followed by the discussion of established approaches to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings. Besides that, the recent progress of superhydrophobic coatings intended for marine applications are also discussed. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives of anticorrosion coating for marine applications are presented. As a matter of fact, corrosion in marine environment is undeniably complex due to the diversity of seawater chemistry and the existence of biological organisms living in the ocean. Hence, this review served as ‘food for thought’ on the development of superhydrophobic coating by merging the coatings’ main features including corrosion protection and fouling mitigation in order to improve its sustainability and durability performance in the marine environment.
Whirling frequencies of rotor systems using ANSYS APDL
Authors: Mohd Azman N H , Yusof Z , Rasid Z A , Hassan M Z , Yahaya H , Yakub F
Published: March 2021

Whirling is one important type of vibrations that may cause fatigue failure to a rotor system. The whirling natural frequencies of the system depend very much on the stiffness, damping, mass and constraints imposed to the system. In this study, a modal analysis for whirling type vibration has been conducted on rotor systems using finite element method software of ANSYS APDL to determine the whirling frequencies of the rotor systems. Two cases of rotor system have been considered: a simple shaft with rigid bearing and a disc-shaft system with rigid bearing. Through the second case, the work is validated by comparing the system whirling frequency with past work. Further, through the second case also, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the impact of variation of shaft diameter, bearing and disk parameters on the vibration characteristics of the rotor system. Campbell diagrams have been generated to provide the difference in whirling frequencies of the rotor systems with respect to spin speeds while providing the critical speeds of the rotor system. It was found that in the first case, the Campbell diagram generated followed the supposed theoretical form while the results in the second case agreed well with past results. The parametric studies conducted showed that the several modes of whirling natural frequency depended on the shaft diameter, location of the disc and the mass of the disc.
Progressive failure analysis of laminated composite plates
Authors: Mohd Sabee S S N , Yusof N , Rasid Z A , Yahaya H , Yakub F , Hassan M Z
Published: March 2021

Failure of laminated composite plates has been a crucial issue that numerous researches have been conducted on the matter. Several modes of failure of laminated composites include fibre failure in tension, matrix failure in tension, fibre failure in compression, matrix failure in compression and delamination. This paper analyses failures of the composites to determine the first ply failure load (FPL) and last ply failure load (LPL) using the progressive failure approach that combines the effect of several modes of failure. Finite element method (FEM) was used via the commercial software of ANSYS APDL where the laminated composite plates were first modelled. Validation of the analysis was firstly conducted through a simple stress and deflection analysis. Progressive analysis was then conducted as the composite is loaded with an incremental combined tensile and transverse loading. The Tsai-Wu failure and the maximum stress criteria have been used to detect the FPL. With the failure occurred in an element, the degradation of that element mechanical properties was applied. As the load was further increased, more elements will fail and be degraded until the LPL was reached. A parametric study was conducted on the effect of varying angles of orientation of the composite. The results showed that the FPL and the LPL of the composites due to the Tsai-Wu criterion and the maximum stress criterion were in good agreement. The progressive failure behaviour of laminated composite plates subjected to uniaxial load and combined uniaxial load and transverse load was successfully established.
Absorption Cycle Heat Pump Integration for Locally Integrated Energy Sector
Authors: Yong W N , Hong K J , Liew P Y , Walmsley T G
Published: March 2021

Energy losses in daily life has caused energy inefficiency whereby contributed to serious environment impacts such as carbon emission, greenhouse effect and global warming. The increasing of greenhouse gases emission and crude oil usage have become a main focus to improve world energy efficiency. In order to minimizing the emissions and environmental pollution, Process Integration (PI) through Pinch Analysis (PA) is used to increase the energy efficiency. Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI) is integrated several processes with the centralized utility system. TSHI is extended to Locally Integrated Energy Sectors (LIES) whereby it provides energy integration with end users from various sectors such as the industrial, services, residential, agriculture, transportation and public sectors within a local area, as well as the integration of renewable energy sources. In order to handle the intermittent steams, energy storage is proposed for recovering energy across time period. In this study, waste heat recovery system by using absorption cycle heat pump is highlighted. Two types of absorption cycle heat pump such as absorption heat pump (AHP) and absorption heat transformer (AHT) are used to integrate with LIES utility system to maximize the energy recovery. This new methodology deals with the amount of AHP and AHT heat generation from the enthalpy of working fluid pair in water-lithium bromide with heat storage system in LIES. An illustrative case study is performed for demonstrating and verifying the proposed framework, whereby waste energy recovery opportunities are found from the system studied. Economic analysis on payback period is also performed to compare with the system with and without usage of AHP and AHT. This developing methodology provides a better guidance to engineers especially during the design stage on the performance limitations and specific compromises within a system. At the end of this research, cost saving is achieved, a shorter payback period than existing system and overall energy efficiency is improved within heat storage system for LIES by adding in the absorption heat pump cycle.
A Review on Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection for Process Plant Energy Management
Authors: Wahab A S A , Liew P Y , Manaf N A
Published: March 2021

Process plant is essential for energy management, especially for analysis that requires steady state data, such as Pinch Analysis. The data from the distributed control system (DCS) often recorded with fluctuations. Data processing is needed to obtain representable data for energy management related analysis. Data error occurs in several forms such as gross error, random error, bias error, and systemic error. This error affects the reliability of energy management studies. Data reconciliation (DR) and gross error detection (GED) come in place for the data processing required before the energy management analysis could be done. GED detects measurement variable error which works with DR technique for a new estimate or reconciled value will be gather and use for further data analysis. DR and GED are commonly used in mathematical programming optimization, such as model predictive control (MPC), which has proved its effectiveness in providing good data for further analysis. This means that DR and GED affect energy data manipulation and studies. In this paper, DR and GED on energy data for plant energy enhancement are reviewed. The specific method for DR and GED are classified and discussed in this paper.
Enzyme Immobilization Technology in Biofuel Production: A Review
Authors: Shamsudin M I , Tan L S , Tsuji T
Published: March 2021

The application of enzymes as biocatalyst is well recognized in the field of green engineering. Due to their outstanding properties such as inconsumable in chemical reaction, highly specific in action, and speeding up the reaction rate, they are widely used in the conversion of various renewable sources into biofuel. Biofuel, in recent years, had shown such great potential in becoming the alternative for the petrol-derived fuel since it is generated from biomass origins. Researchers currently had introduced few enzyme modifications such as gene editing and supercritical fluid extraction techniques in order to maximize their catalytic performances. However, all of those methods are more tedious and still lack in maintaining the regenerative ability of the enzymes as well as their stabilities. Hence, the technique of enzyme immobilization is currently applied in the biofuel production in improving the enzymes’ performances by providing extra physical support known as backbone to the enzyme to speed up the reaction. Thus, this review aims to provide better insight on the current immobilization technology as well as the enzyme immobilization itself in biofuel generation. Different types of biofuel produced in the industry is also reviewed. The working principles, mechanisms, characteristics, and advantages of the enzyme immobilization technique is also conferred. Besides, comparisons between mobilized, extracellular immobilized and intracellular immobilization will also be reviewed along with the types of matrices used in the adsorption immobilization methods. Lastly, some issues regarding this technique are also highlighted in improving the enzyme performance itself.
Role of Microalgae in Sustainable Energy and Environment
Authors: Ahmad I , Yuzir A , Mohamad S E , Iwamoto K , Abdullah N
Published: March 2021

The fast-growing global population is pressing the requirement of energy leading to the extensive use of fossil fuels globally which tends to their exhaustion, alongside the environmental pollution. The need of a third-generation fuel which is viably sustainable has increased and for that microalgae are standing out among various other competitors. Microalgae may be prokaryotic, like cyanobacteria or eukaryotic, like green algae. They are highly efficient in converting solar energy into biomass and can be cultivated in a wide range of conditions. Microalgae are the sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food supplements. They have an outstanding photosynthetic efficiency and biomass productivity with high contents of fatty acids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Biofuels derived from microalgae have immense potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, whereby 1 kg of algal biomass may fix 1.8 kg of CO2. Microalgae are termed as ‘living biorefinery’ because they can produce a wide range of green chemicals like biopesticides and biofertilizers. Keeping in mind the severe impacts of chemical fertilizers, sustainable agricultural system is opting for biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biopesticides help prevents the attack of pathogenic fungus and soil borne diseases without causing any harm to plants and environment. The remarkable features of biofertilizers include enhanced crop productivity per area; reduced amount of energy consumption and contamination of soil and water; and increased soil fertility. Biofuels derived from microalgae are of various kinds including Biochar (solid); bioethanol, biodiesel, and vegetable oil (liquid); bio hydrogen and bio syngas (gaseous). Some of the pros of bioethanol obtained from microalgae are high octane number, minimal production of greenhouse gases, and the exclusive biofuel which can directly be used in automotive industry. This paper will provide an insight on the viability and feasibility of microalgal biomass in the production of biofuels and other bioactive compounds with the constraints and challenges faced in commercializing these products. This review shall elaborate on the potential of microalgae as a sustainable solution for future energy crises and environmental deterioration.
Towards Zero-Waste Campus: Perception of the Community in UTHM Pagoh Campus on Solid Waste Management System
Authors: Ali R , Lim C L , Zainun N Y , Sunar N M , Hamidon N , Harun H , Hamid N H , Muhamad M S
Published: March 2021

The solid waste crisis has become one of the contributors to environmental issues such as climate change, environmental pollution and loss of rainforest. The contribution of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in achieving sustainable development and society is undeniable. With the ethical and moral obligations to act responsibly towards the environment, they tend to become leaders in the movement for environmental protection. As a new branch of the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn (UTHM) campus, the UTHM Pagoh Campus aims to become one of the green campuses at Pagoh Educational Hub. A well-managed Solid Waste Management (SWM) can provide a number of benefits, such as reduction in waste disposal cost as well as creating awareness among the campus community. In this study, interviews were carried out with the stakeholders to obtain in-depth information regarding SWM on campus. From the interviews, it was found that the main challenges faced in implementing SWM on campus are: low awareness among the community; lack of policy and guidelines on SWM; and insufficient facilities. To overcome these challenges, the “Zero Waste Campus” (ZWC) initiative is proposed to be implemented on campus in order to reduce the waste stream. The ZWC covers several aspects of the campus’s SWM, such as policy development and facility improvement.
Separation of 17β-Estradiol Hormone Using Newly Fabricated Nanofiltration Membrane
Authors: Mokhtar H , Tholibon D A , Othman Z , Rahim J A , Rahman N A A , Ayob A
Published: March 2021

Hormones producing organs in animals and humans released naturally occurring chemical messages into their blood stream. The steroidal hormones which is 17β-estradiol produced by animals as well as humans are frequently being eliminate into the environment in their active forms. Recently, as the demand of chickens is increasing, the released of hormone also increased hence endangered the environment. Thus, the concentration of hormones in river need to be determined and poultry wastewater required appropriate treatment. In this study, a newly formulation nanofiltration membrane was fabricated to treat hormones from the poultry wastewater. The polymer polysulfone (PSF) are blend into solvent N-N, dimethylacetamide and polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) as additive to enhance the hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of nanofiltration membrane. The Sulfonated polysulfone (PSF) was mixed at varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) from 1 to 5 %. In this study, major finding was the suitable range of polymer (PSF/PVP) that able to separate 17β-estradiol from poultry wastewater effectively. The result of the study justify that, as the concentration of PSF/PVP increased, the rejection of solute increased while the permeate flux decreased. The nanofiltration membrane able to reject approximately 95% of 17β- estradiol (E2) from the poultry wastewater with the concentration of 17β- estradiol retained is 0.5 ng/L. This was obtained from the optimum concentration of PSF/PVP in the nanofiltration membrane which is 3 %. However, the permeate flux decreased as the concentration of PSF/PVP increased. The evaluations were in order to analyze performances of newly fabricated nanofiltration membrane on the flux rate, estrogens and salt rejection. Therefore, nanofiltration membrane can exhibit the alternative method to enhance the wastewater treatment in terms of hormones separation for poultry industry.
Investment decision of monoethanolamine based post combustion CO2 capture plant via application of control strategies
Authors: Abdul Manaf N , Abbas A
Published: March 2021

The abatement of anthropogenic CO2 gas and extensive demand for electricity has motivated cleaner power production from fossil fuels. Monoethanolamine (MEA) based post combustion CO2 capture plant (PCC) is a promising and mature technology to realize large scale cuts in carbon emissions at national and global levels. A carbon capture plant features non-linearity and multifaceted process interactions, therefore presents operational challenges requiring robust control strategies to ensure optimal but flexible operation of the plant as it responds to variable power plant output. This paper investigates two control strategies (viz, conventional feedback (PID) control and model predictive control (MPC)) with the control objective being formulated as economic functions around CO2 emissions (US$/t-CO2) and operational cost (US$/d). This presents a management capability to the power plant operator unlike the commonly used operational (technical only) objective of maximising CO2 capture (CO2%) at a given setpoint in conjunction with plant net energy performance (EPn). This economics-based formulation in the control strategy together with a demonstrated stability analysis fits well into plant-wide control implementation of MEA based PCC plants and supports cleaner production of electricity while helping such operation economically viable. It can be seen that embedment of MPC into PCC plant features attractive economic value (positive investment decision) based on the two above criteria. Whereas, CO2 emission cost and operational cost exhibit 30% and 60% of cost saving compared with the deployment of PID controller.
Streamflow Simulation of Progo River by Using SWAT Model
Authors: Wardhana P N , Afif R
Published: March 2021

Watershed is an area formed by the ridges of the mountains that limit a region. The natural boundary of the watershed was the result of geomorphology and hydrology. Watershed as water catchment area is very potential to provide water in a territory. Hence, the watershed management needs to be applied as well as possible. The Progo River watershed is located along the Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta. Progo River watershed have several creeks that ends at Trisik beach located on the south side of Java land headed to Indian Ocean. Simulation analysed the water discharge in Progo River with Sapon Weir outlet using Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) with time step period for 3 years, between 2013 until 2015. Data of watershed condition used as input data were soil characteristic data, land use data, land slope data, climate data, and water discharge measurement data. SWAT simulation process was carried out through four stages, they were watershed delineation, formation of a hydrological response unit, data processing, and model simulation with simulation testing result based on R2 statistic parameter, NS model efficiency, and PBIAS parameter. From the result of the simulation, it was known that the comparison of the result between water discharge simulation and field observation shows various quantitative result. Each of evaluation parameter gave different performance classification. R2 statistic parameter evaluation gave good-very good classification, while NS model efficiency and PBIAS parameter gave not satisfactory performance classification.
Particulate Emission Characteristics from Palm Fibre and Shell Combustion with Alumino-Silicate Based Additives
Authors: Afiq Daniel Azmi M , Zahiruddin S , Shahidana S , NorRuwaida J , Rashid M , Md Ali Abd Halim , Dewika M , Ammar M R , Haslina H
Published: March 2021

Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world with a continuous increment in worldwide demand. The palm oil extraction process leaves palm fibre and shell (F&S) as waste. The palm F&S are biomass fuels that have been utilized in many palm oil mills to generate energy through the combustion process. The release of harmful particulates from the combustion process is the main concern in this research. A few studies had shown that the PM2.5 particulate matters cannot be filtered by the Air Pollution Control System (APCS); thus, it can pollute the environment. In this research, the utilization of additives inside biomass fuels is studied. The effect of additives towards the particulate size of the ashes and determination of the best additive are the two main objectives of this research. The proximate and ultimate analysis was done the determine the combustion profile of the samples. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done to determine the size of particulates inside the ashes.
A Review of Water Demand Framework for River Basin in Southeast Asia
Authors: Fitry Y , Norelyza H , Noor Z Z , Hafizan C
Published: March 2021

Water demands are the most referred indicators for water distribution system operators to regulate production and storage of potable water. Many regional in Southeast Asia are greatly dependent on freshwater resources, which most of the time comes from large rivers basin, with starting point in high mountains and the flowing water which distribute into many parts in particular region for daily activities. Hence, understanding the projection of water demand by the reservoir that are formed by constructing dams across rivers need to be done which can contribute to water demand framework for river basin. Evaluation on consideration and estimation between water withdrawal and water availability can provide the quantity of water loss. This paper presents a review of water demand projection for different reservoir in river basin across Southeast Asia.
Non-Thermal Plasma Conversion of N2, CO2 And CH4
Authors: Ali A H M , Christensen P A , Norruwaida J , Khirunnisa M P , Syahrir Abdullah Mohd Nor
Published: March 2021

This paper reports in-situ Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the plasma glow region of a non-thermal plasma (NTP) using Macor®, SnO2 – coated Macor® and CeO2 – coated Macor® as dielectrics and fed with CO2, CH4 and N2. This chemical system was chosen as a model to explore the application of in-situ FTIR spectroscopy to the study of NTP chemistry during plasma processing and the data obtained were compared to those using uncoated Macor®. Initial experiments investigated the possible reaction of CO2 and N2 in plasma system followed by studies using CH4, CO2 and N2 as the feed gas. Macor®, a ceramic consisting of the oxides of Al, Mg, and Si was chosen to provide benchmark data as it was not expected to be catalytic active and had a reasonable constant (ca 6 over the range 1 kHz - 6 GHz) and thermally stable. The study of the non-thermal plasma process at uncoated Macor® led to unexpected chemistry whilst replacing it with SnO2 – coated Macor® were somewhat different with no reaction taking place in plasma-driven experiments on SnO2.
Procedures for Verification of Instruments for Thermal Environment Measurement
Authors: Tuck N W , Zaki S A , Yakub F , Redzuan F L M
Published: March 2021

Accuracy and verification of instruments for thermal environment measurement are important to determine the reliability of measured parameters. The purpose of this study is to propose simple procedures for consistency check on four groups of instruments used in thermal environment measurement: indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. For indoor air temperature measurement, the existing instruments were checked with the new thermocouple connected to a data logger in an air-conditioned room. The measurement was conducted under different set point temperatures. For relative humidity measurement, the readings of the measurement instruments were measured in a naturally ventilated room and compared with those of the digital ventilation psychrometer. For air velocity measurement, the instruments were set in a mini handmade wind tunnel. The air velocity readings obtained from the instruments were compared to verify the result consistency. Finally, for outdoor air temperature measurement, all instruments were placed in a fan aspirated solar shield which was set outdoors. For each group of the instruments, the obtained readings were evaluated based on the coefficient of determination and standard deviation from the mean values. The results have shown that all air temperature and relative humidity instruments have strong correlation owing to the high coefficient of determination obtained. The mean air velocity obtained from all measurement instruments ranged from 3.24 to 3.40 m/s with the standard deviation of 0.07 to 0.1. Furthermore, the mean outdoor air temperature ranged from 25.3 to 25.6°C with the standard deviation of 1.04 to 1.08. The simple procedures carried out in this work successfully verified the consistency of all measurement instruments, and this is essential before the instruments are used in actual field measurements.
The Potential of Roselle as Health Supplement: Extraction, Phytochemicals and Future Perspective
Authors: Mohd-Nasir H , Wong L P , Abdul Aziz Z A , Mohd-Setapar S H , Hassan H
Published: March 2021

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a native plant in Malaysia and it is often reported on its nutritional and medicinal values. To date, numerous studies have been conducted on roselle, both calyx and seed, and it is proven that the major bioactive compounds in calyx are ascorbic acid and anthocyanin, whereas the seed is rich in carbohydrates, proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, which are a good source of minerals and antioxidants. The utilization of roselle is commonly noticeable in food, cosmetic and personal care industries. It is interesting to note that the constituents present in roselle calyx and seed extract, which are anthocyanin, fatty acids and tocopherol, make it possible to be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this paper discusses the potential of roselle extract to be used as a health supplement, by reviewing its extraction methods, selected phytochemicals and also its future perspective in the pharmaceutical industry.
Preparation of Copper Nanoparticles by Green Biosynthesis Method: A Short Review
Authors: Ismail N A , Shameli K , Che Jusoh N W , Rasit Ali R , Mohamad Sukri S N A , Mohamed Isa E D
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a brief review on the preparation of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) is discussed which highlighted more on the green biosynthesis route. Copper nanoparticles have been proved by numerous of researchers on their capability to be used in wide range applications due to their unique properties apart of a low cost metal compared to the noble metal nanoparticles. Nowadays, green biosynthesis method has been favoured among researchers especially those study related with biological applications due to its simple, non-toxic and environmental friendly as compared to the physical and chemical method. Even though some of the green materials have both functions which act as stabilizing agent and reducing agent in the preparation of Cu-NPs, however, some of them need a booster which also must be a green material. So, ascorbic acid which is vitamin C that has been proven with its capability to act as stabilizing and reducing agent in most of previous studies also included in this short review.
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: A Simple Method of Size Controlled using Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract
Authors: Chan J Z , Rasit Ali R , Shameli K , Tarmizi Z I , Salleh M S N
Published: March 2021

The broad range of nanotechnology applications makes it an immensely developing field especially form the areas of science and technology. A facile and eco-friendly biosynthesis approach was introduced in this study. The aqueous flower extract of Clitoria ternatea (CT) is used to reduce gold ions, gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl ·3H O) to gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The effect of reaction time (15 min, 60 min) was changed to determine the outcome of the size of nanoparticles. CT flower extract plays an essential part in producing Au-NPs which act as a stabilizing and reducing (Au3+ to Au) agent to reduce the consumption of harmful substances during the synthesis of CT/Au-NPs. Furthermore, it also cut down the production of unnecessary side product during the reaction that can cause harm to the ecosystem and surrounding. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used for quantification of CT/Au-NPs synthesized form different parameters. An absorption UV-vis peaks of CT/Au-NPs was noticed approximately at the range of 540 nm wavelength with different concentration of HAuCl ·3H O. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the structure and purity of synthesized CT/Au-NPs. These spectrums provide a sharp peak at around 2θ = 38.44°, 44.41°, 65.03°, and 77.58° respectively. Meanwhile, it also correlated to a face-centered cubic structure with a plane of (111), (200), (220), and (311). Furthermore, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis showed the formation of highly distributed CT/Au-NPs with an average diameter of about 15.53±10.12 nm to 59.43±27.62 nm and mostly spherical. This paper has been concentrated on producing simple, cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly nanoparticles with size controlled.
Preparation and characterisation of irradiated waste eggshells as oil adsorbent
Authors: Hasrin N I , Othman S A
Published: March 2021

Adsorption method had been developed by using natural organic adsorbent for the removal of oil because of its ability to bind the oil molecules into the surface of adsorbent. In this study, chicken eggshells waste was used and it undergoes irradiation process with four different amount of dose which was 0.5 kGy, 1.0 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2.0 kGy by using Gamma Cell Irradiator. Three equipment had been used for the characterization process which were the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption experiment was conducted to calculate the sorption efficiency by using different mass of samples. The result showed that irradiated chicken eggshells powder with 2.0 kGy amount of radiation dose has a best performance as oil adsorbent.