bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology of Studying the Problem of Underperformance of Children of Preschool and Primary School Age in Germany
Authors: Писарева Л. , Pisareva L.
Published: April 2019

Based on the study of K. Bart’s “Early Diagnostics of Underperformance in Schooling at Preschool and Primary School Age” involving similar works by other German specialists of different profiles, the article analyzes the reasons for academic failure, repetition, learning difficulties and adaptation of children to school in Germany. Special attention is paid to the methodology of studying this phenomenon and approaches to its elimination. The urgency of the problem of failure of schoolchildren is accentuated not only in relation to the educational system in Germany, but also in other countries, including Russia. The comments of experts in the field of international comparative studies of student performance are given.
Tasks of the Republican School Olympiad in Mathematics
Authors: Келдибекова Аида , Keldibekova Aida
Published: April 2019

The main direction of the article is to consider methods for solving the problems of the fi nal stage of the 2018 republican mathematical olympiad of schoolchildren in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the course of the study, the position of the olympiad, the principles of confi guration and requirements for the olympiad tasks were studied. The content of the selection round of the city olympiad of schoolchildren conducted offl ine and the methods for solving problems of the 4th stage of the republican olympiad of schoolchildren considered in this paper may be of interest to heads of methodological sections, mathematics teachers who prepare their students for participation in mathematical competitions for students and schoolchildren studying methods for solving olympiad problems.
R&D Spending: Dynamic or Persistent?
Authors: Pennetier Christophe , Girotra Karan , Mihm Jürgen
Published: April 2019

Problem definition: Should the management of research and development (R&D) be persistent in its approach to funding R&D or rather allow for quick reaction and dynamism? Academic/practical relevance: Under a persistent policy, allocations remain nearly constant irrespective of circumstances; under a dynamic policy, R&D spending increases (respectively, declines) when opportunities arise (respectively, fail to materialize). Practitioners give conflicting answers as to which policy is preferable, while there is no rigorous academic guidance. Methodology: We use a sample of 3,711 publicly listed companies, observed for seven years (on average) between 1982 and 2003, to compare the outcomes of these R&D allocation policies. We estimate a firm-level dynamic panel data model, via the “system general method of moments” (S-GMM) approach ( Arellano and Bond 1991 , Blundell and Bond 1998 ), which combines financial information from the Compustat database with patent data provided by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Results: We find that a dynamic allocation strategy is associated with worse R&D performance in terms of patent quantity and quality. Our results indicate that the originality of an invention, and also the firm's familiarity with an invention's technological basis, are factors that can mitigate or amplify the harm caused by variability. Finally, we establish that R&D performance suffers from the unpredictable part of dynamic spending; the predictable part has either no effect or a positive one. Managerial implications: There are many reasons why managers may wish to alter the level of R&D spending. Some of these reasons (e.g., pursuing technological opportunities) reflect more positive intentions than do others (e.g., chasing targets for earnings). Whatever the rationale for a change in spending, our paper highlights the possible negative consequences that managers should consider; it also documents the contingencies under which adaptation is especially harmful and identifies policies for mitigating adaptation pains. Thus, we offer managers a framework for conceptualizing principles about how best to invest in R&D. Our paper also issues this warning about the goal of hitting quarterly financial targets: if R&D spending is viewed as discretionary when such targets must be met— which is customary (as documented by Roychowdhury 2006) for some publicly traded companies—then one should expect to observe long-term negative consequences that cannot be reversed simply by later restoring or even increasing R&D investment.
Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of Comprehensive Treatment Options for Optimal Outcome
Authors: Retzler Kathryn
Published: April 2019

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common with aging. Formerly ED treatment was offered mainly by urologists, but the approval and widespread use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors has enabled primary care clinicians to provide targeted ED treatment. Although large, multicenter clinical trials have shown efficacy and safety with these drugs, they are ineffective in 30–35% of men, may cause sideeffects, and do not improve the underlying pathology. A thorough understanding of erectile physiology and causes of ED and a comprehensive treatment plan addressing all contributing factors may be more effective than pharmaceutical management and may improve aspects of psychological and physical health beyond erectile problems.
Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Diet in People with Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Study
Authors: Zwickey Heather , Horgan Angela , Hanes Doug , Schiffke Heather , Moore Annie , Wahbeh Helané , Jordan Julia , Ojeda Lila , McMurry Martha , Elmer Patricia , Purnell Jonathan Q
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Inflammation underlies a variety of chronic medical conditions, including diabetes. The anti-inflammatory diet, one that excludes foods that may stimulate inflammation and includes foods that reduce inflammation, may improve inflammatory biomarkers in people with diabetes and pre-diabetes.

Study Design: Thirty participants with diabetes or pre-diabetes were randomized (2:1) in a controlled feeding study that compared the anti-inflammatory diet (n=20) to a control diet (n=10) based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Diets were matched for protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber content as closely as possible. Participants were fed an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by continued ad libitum feeding in their dietary group assignment for an additional 4 weeks. All meals were prepared by the study team.

Outcomes: Primary outcomes included inflammatory markers, including cytokines and hsCRP. Secondary outcomes included body weight and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Results: Both diets resulted in trends in reduced markers of inflammation, especially with weight loss. In addition, glucose, lipids, and triglycerides all trended downward, also non-significantly and equally in both groups.

Conclusion: Dietary change can improve inflammation as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors. In this study, the anti-inflammatory diet did not affect markers of inflammation more than the control diet.
Accueillir et surveiller. Les métiers du gardien de musée (F. Mairesse et A. Monjaret, dir., 2017)
Authors: Louis Stéphanie-Emmanuelle
Published: April 2019

Recensé : François Mairesse et Anne Monjaret (dir.), Accueillir et surveiller. Les métiers du gardien de musée, Paris, La Documentation française (« Musées-Mondes »), 2017, 233 p.
Flexibles Framework zur Parallelisierung von simulationsbasierten Entwicklungsaufgaben in der Automatisierungstechnik
Authors: Vögeli Desirée , Göhner Peter , Weyrich Michael
Published: April 2019

Bei der Entwicklung automatisierter Systeme im Bereich der Automatisierungstechnik haben Ingenieure viele Aufgaben oft unter Zeitdruck zu bearbeiten, unter anderem Simulationen. Um Ingenieure bei diesen aufwändigen Simulationsaufgaben zu unterstützen, wird ein Framework vorgestellt, das Simulationen basierend auf strukturiertem Wissen parallel und dezentral koordiniert und durchführt. Hierbei können verschiedene Lösungsansätze eines Problems automatisiert simuliert und miteinander verglichen werden. Komplexe Problemstellungen, d. h. umfangreiche und häufig aus mehreren voneinander abhängigen Teilen bestehende Aufgaben, werden hierzu in Teilprobleme zerlegt und ihre Lösungsansätze separat mit dem jeweils geeignetsten Softwaretool bearbeitet. Zur flexiblen Koordination der dezentralen Simulationen werden kooperierende Softwareagenten eingesetzt. Diese autonomen Einheiten kommunizieren miteinander, um die parallelen Tätigkeiten während eines Simulationsprojekts zu steuern. Evaluiert wird das vorgestellte Konzept anhand der Anwendungsgebiete des Regelungsentwurfs und der multiphysikalischen Simulation. Hierzu wurden entsprechende prototypische Agentensysteme mithilfe des entwickelten Frameworks realisiert. Zusätzlich zum Framework zur parallelen Simulation wird auch ein Konzept zur Ergänzung des Agentensystems um eine lernende Case-Based-Reasoning-Komponente vorgestellt. Durch die Ergänzung des Agentensystems um Lernfähigkeit, konnte die Performance der Simulationen weiter gesteigert werden. Aufgrund der parallel durchgeführten Simulation verschiedener Ansätze mit teils stark variierenden Rechenzeiten, stehen Ergebnisse häufig bereits früher zu Verfügung. Auch die Qualität der Simulationsergebnisse kann durch die Untersuchung verschiedener Ansätze mit dem Agentensystem verbessert werden.
Konzept zur bidirektionalen Transformation zwischen GRAFCET-Spezifikationen und IEC 61131-3 Steuerungscode
Authors: Julius Robert , Fink Viktoria , Uelzen Stefan , Fay Alexander
Published: April 2019

In diesem Beitrag werden ein modellbasiertes Konzept zur Transformation von GRAFCET nach IEC 61131-3 Steuerungscode sowie verschiedene darauf aufbauende Ansätze für die automatische Rücktransformation des manuell geänderten Codes in die GRAFCET-Spezifikation vorgestellt und diskutiert. Diese bidirektionale Transformation kann als Round-Trip-Engineering im Steuerungs-Lebenszyklus verstanden werden.
Physical Compatibility of Intravenous Drugs Commonly Used in Intensive Care Units: An Observational Study and Physical Compatibility Laboratory Tests on Anti-Infective Drugs
Authors: D’Huart Elise , Vigneron Jean , Demoré Béatrice
Published: April 2019

Background

The objectives were to perform an observation of the administration of injectable drugs in three ICUs, to identify injectable drugs administered by Y-site infusion or mixed in the same container, to compare with physical compatibility data available in the literature and to test the physical compatibility for missing data.

Methods

An observational study was realised over two weeks and patients receiving more than one injectable drug in the same line simultaneously were included. Physical compatibilities were assessed in pairs by comparing with three databases. For some missing data, three tests were realised for pairs including an anti-infective drug. Visual and subvisual evaluations were performed after the preparation, 1 and a 4-hour storage.

Results

A total of 389 combinations between two injectable drugs was observed for Y-site infusions and 31 mixtures in the same container. According to the literature, 21.1 % associations were physically compatible, 1.8 % as physically compatible potentially, 8.0 % as physically incompatible, 6.4 % have divergent data according to the databases and 62.7 % have no data. Two mixtures were documented. 37 pairs were tested and 70.3 % were physically compatible, 8.1 % were physically incompatible after visual evaluation and 21.6 % after subvisual evaluation.

Conclusions

In the majority of cases, no compatibility data are available in the literature. Laboratory tests give additional information.
Polyoxometalate as an effective catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels: a critical review
Authors: Taghizadeh Majid , Mehrvarz Elaheh , Taghipour Amirhossein
Published: April 2019

In order to meet the stringent environmental and industrial legislation on fuel specifications, sulfur compounds have to be removed efficiently from fuels. The requirement to produce ultralow-sulfur fuels (S < 10 ppm) has stimulated many works in the area of conventional hydro-desulfurization (HDS) method. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS), as an alternative or complementary technology to HDS for deep desulfurization, is conducted with high selectivity and reactivity to sterically hindered S compounds under mild reaction conditions. In the ODS process, using an appropriate oxidant in the presence of a catalyst, organic sulfur compounds can be oxidized selectively to their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones, which can be easily removed by different separation methods. Having great catalytic characteristics, polyoxometalate materials have been utilized as a vital class of catalysts for deep desulfurization of fuels. In the past few decades, ODS of fuels using polyoxometalate as catalyst has drawn much attention, and various studies have been carried out in this area. Here, we give a critical review for the removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels (mostly from diesel and model fuels) by ODS via homogeneous and heterogeneous polyoxometalate catalysts.
Alles eine Frage der Perspektive – Zur sogenannten erlebten Rede im narrativen Text
Authors: Holler Anke
Published: April 2019

Abstracts

Erlebte Rede(free indirect style) is a narrative technique used to present reports of consciousness which to some extent blends direct and indirect speech. It is characterized by the interaction of specific linguistic markers which allow the presentation of a character’s point of view while simultaneously maintaining the narrative frame. A character’s thoughts are expressed in the third person, indicative and narrative tense giving the impression that the voice of both the narrator and the character somehow overlap. This contribution summarizes the research onerlebte Rede, focussing on German. Regarding narratological aspects, I discuss linguistic problems specific to identification and analysis of texts which employerlebte Rede. This paper primarily addresses the use oferlebte Redein fiction, although it is also found in non-fiction.
Exercise ameliorates the FGF21–adiponectin axis impairment in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Yang Wenqi , Liu Ling , Wei Yuan , Fang Chunlu , Zhou Fu , Chen Jinbao , Han Qinghua , Huang Meifang , Tan Xuan , Liu Qiuyue , Pan Qiang , Zhang Lu , Lei Xiaojuan , Li Liangming
Published: April 2019

Objective

The protective effects of exercise against glucose dysmetabolism have been generally reported. However, the mechanism by which exercise improves glucose homeostasis remains poorly understood. The FGF21–adiponectin axis participates in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Elevated levels of FGF21 and decreased levels of adiponectin in obesity indicate FGF21–adiponectin axis dysfunction. Hence, we investigated whether exercise could improve the FGF21–adiponectin axis impairment and ameliorate disturbed glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.

Methods

Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to three groups: low-fat diet control group, high-fat diet group and high-fat diet plus exercise group. Glucose metabolic parameters, the ability of FGF21 to induce adiponectin, FGF21 receptors and co-receptor levels and adipose tissue inflammation were evaluated after 12 weeks of intervention.

Results

Exercise training led to reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and insulin, improved glucose tolerance and better insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Although serum FGF21 levels were not significantly changed, both total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations were markedly enhanced by exercise. Importantly, exercise protected against high-fat diet-induced impaired ability of FGF21 to stimulate adiponectin secretion. FGF21 co-receptor, β-klotho, as well as receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, were upregulated by exercise. We also found that exercise inhibited adipose tissue inflammation, which may contribute to the improvement in the FGF21–adiponectin axis impairment.

Conclusions

Our data indicate exercise protects against high-fat diet-induced FGF21–adiponectin axis impairment, and may thereby exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism.
Apoptosis regulation in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Pereira Sofia S , Monteiro Mariana P , Antonini Sonir R , Pignatelli Duarte
Published: April 2019

Apoptosis evading is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells are characterized by having an impaired apoptosis signaling, a fact that deregulates the balance between cell death and survival, leading to tumor development, invasion and resistance to treatment. In general, patients with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) have an extremely bad prognosis, which is related to disease progression and significant resistance to treatments. In this report, we performed an integrative review about the disruption of apoptosis in ACC that may underlie the characteristic poor prognosis in these patients. Although the apoptosis has been scarcely studied in ACC, the majority of the deregulation phenomena already described are anti-apoptotic. Most importantly, in a near future, targeting apoptosis modulation in ACC patients may become a promising therapeutic.
Estrogen receptor α regulates the expression of syndecan-1 in human breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Fleurot Emmanuelle , Goudin Caroline , Hanoux Vincent , Bonnamy Pierre-Jacques , Levallet Jérôme
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Patients who express the estrogen receptor (ER), which mediates the tumorigenic effects of estrogens, respond to antihormonal therapy. Loss of ER expression or acquired resistance to E2 is associated with aggressive malignant phenotypes, which lead to relapse. These BC subtypes overexpress syndecan-1 (SDC1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that mediates angiogenesis as well as the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. We showed here that the activation of ER-alpha (ERα) by estrogens induces downregulation of SDC1 expression in ER(+) MCF7 cells but not in T47D cells. Loss of ERα expression, induced by RNA interference or a selective ER downregulator, led to subsequent SDC1 overexpression. E2-dependent downregulation of SDC1 expression requiredde novoprotein synthesis and was antagonized by treatment with BAY 11-7085, an irreversible inhibitor of IκBα phosphorylation, which inhibits the activation of NFκB. Downregulation of SDC1 expression required ERα and activation of IKK, but was independent to downstream transcriptional regulators of NFκB. BAY 11-7085 prevented E2-mediated phosphorylation of ERα on Ser118, increasing its proteasomal degradation, suggesting that IKK stabilized E2-activated ERα, leading to subsequent downregulation of SDC1 expression. Our results showed that sustained ER signaling inhibits SDC1 expression. Such antagonism elucidates the inverse correlation between SDC1 and ER expression in ER(+) BC as well as the overexpression of SDC1 in hormone receptor-negative BC subtypes with the most aggressive phenotypes. These results identify SDC1 as an attractive therapeutic target for BC as well as for other endocrine-associated cancers.
Totipotency continuity from zygote to early blastomeres: a model under revision
Authors: Boiani Michele , Casser Ellen , Fuellen Georg , Christians Elisabeth S
Published: April 2019

The mammalian zygote is a totipotent cell that generates all the cells of a new organism through embryonic development. However, if one asks about the totipotency of blastomeres after one or two zygotic divisions, opinions differ. As it is impossible to determine the individual developmental potency of early blastomeres in an intact embryo, experiments of blastomere isolation were conducted in various species, showing that two-cell blastomeres could give rise to a new organism when sister cells were separated. A mainstream interpretation was that each of the sister mammalian blastomeres was equally totipotent. However, reevaluation of those experiments raised some doubts about the real prevalence of cases in which this interpretation could truly be validated. We compiled experiments that tested the individual developmental potency of early mammalian blastomeres in a cell-autonomous way (i.e. excluding nuclear transfer and chimera production). We then confronted the developmental abilities with reported molecular differences between sister blastomeres. The reevaluated observations were at odds with the mainstream view: A viable two-cell embryo can already include one non-totipotent blastomere. We were, thus, led to propose a revised model for totipotency continuity based on the construction of the zygote as a mosaic, which accounts for differential inheritance of totipotency-relevant components between sister blastomeres. This takes place with no preordained mechanisms that would ensure a reproducible partition. This model, which is compatible with the body of data on regulative properties of mammalian early embryos, aims at tempering the rigid interpretation that discounted maternal constraints on totipotency.
Endometriosis in MRKH cases as a proof for the coelomic metaplasia hypothesis?
Authors: Konrad Lutz , Dietze Raimund , Kudipudi Pradeep Kumar , Horné Fabian , Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo
Published: April 2019

A diagnosis of endometriosis is based upon the histological identification of endometrial tissue at ectopic sites which are commonly located on the pelvic organs, the peritoneum and ovary. In rare cases, ectopic lesions can be found in other organs, such as kidney, bladder, lung or brain. Diagnosis is achieved by laparoscopic intervention followed by histological confirmation of endometriotic tissue. Prevalence is estimated at approximately 10% in the general female population with many patients experiencing pain and/or infertility. Currently, the implantation hypothesis by Sampson is the most accepted hypothesis about the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, the occurrence of endometriosis in patients with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome who sometimes lack a uterus or endometrium seems to suggest metaplasia as a cause of endometriosis. A critical reevaluation of the literature about MRKH does not reveal conclusive evidence of an association of uterus/endometrium agenesis and endometriosis. Most often only MRI diagnoses of uterus/endometrium agenesis and only very rarely conclusive histological evidence of the endometriotic lesions are presented. In contrast, whenever biopsies were performed endometriosis always appeared together with uterus/endometrium remnants. Taken together, we suggest that MRKH patients only develop endometriosis if a uterus/endometrium is present which underscores and not contradicts the implantation hypothesis of Sampson.
Radiation Spectrum of Sequence of Electrons Moving in Spiral in Medium
Authors: Konstantinovich I.A. , Konstantinovich A.V.
Published: April 2019

Integral expressions for spectral-angular and spectral distributions of the radiation power for the sequence of electrons moving in magnetic fields in isotropic transparent medium are investigated using the improved Lorentz`s self-interaction method. Special attention is given to the research of the fine structurre of the spectral distribution of the synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation of one, two, three and four point electrons moving along the spiral in medium. The effects of coherent radiation of harmonics and oscillations in spectrum of the synchrotron-Cherenkov radiation of two, three and four point electrons are established and investigated using the direct numerical method for calculation the function of spectral distributions of the radiation power.
Geometric and mechano-sorption modification of fumed nanosilica in the gaseous dispersion media
Authors: Voronin E.F. , Nosach L.V. , Gun’ko V.M. , Charmas B.
Published: April 2019

Methods of geometric and solvate-stymulated mechano-sorption-activated modification of fumed nanosilica in the gaseous dispersion media were developed and used to prepare functionalyzed nanofillers for polymeric systems. Non-volatile high- and low-molecular weight compounds (such as polymers, organic bioactive compounds, organic and inorganic salts) can be used as modifiers of nanofillers.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Defective Subsystem of Lead Telluride Crystals with Impurity of Oxygen
Authors: Prokopiv V. , Horichok I. , Semko T. , Dzumedzey R. , Mateik G. , Khshanovska O.
Published: April 2019

Electrophysical properties (specific conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, Hall effect) of the lead telluride obtained by pressing of the powder were investigated. In this case, the powder was pre-heat treated at 300 oC in the air to saturate it with oxygen. To interpret the experimental data obtained, a model of a defect subsystem of crystals of lead telluride with impurity of oxygen is proposed.
Genomic Prediction for Winter Survival of Lowland Switchgrass in the Northern USA
Authors: Poudel Hari P , Sanciangco Millicent D , Kaeppler Shawn M , Buell C Robin , Casler Michael D
Published: April 2019

The lowland ecotype of switchgrass has generated considerable interest because of its higher biomass yield and late flowering characteristics compared to the upland ecotype. However, lowland ecotypes planted in northern latitudes exhibit very low winter survival. Implementation of genomic selection could potentially enhance switchgrass breeding for winter survival by reducing generation time while eliminating the dependence on weather. The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of genomic selection for winter survival in lowland switchgrass by combining multiple populations in the training set and applying the selected model in two independent testing datasets for validation. Marker data were generated using exome capture sequencing. Validation was conducted using (1) indirect indicators of winter adaptation based on geographic and climatic variables of accessions from different source locations and (2) winter survival estimates of the phenotype. The prediction accuracies were significantly higher when the training dataset comprising all populations was used in fivefold cross validation but its application was not useful in the independent validation dataset. Nevertheless, modeling for population heterogeneity improved the prediction accuracy to some extent but the genetic relationship between the training and validation populations was found to be more influential. The predicted winter survival of lowland switchgrass indicated latitudinal and longitudinal variability, with the northeast USA the region for most cold tolerant lowland populations. Our results suggested that GS could provide valuable opportunities for improving winter survival and accelerate the lowland switchgrass breeding programs toward the development of cold tolerant cultivars suitable for northern latitudes.
Kiai dan Blater: Antara Kesalehan dan Kekerasan dalam Dinamika Politik Lokal di Madura
Authors: Sila Muhammad Adlin
Published: April 2019

Yanwar Pribadi. 2018. Islam, State and Society: Local Politics in Madura. New York: RoutledgeThis book talks about the relationship between Islam, state and society in Indonesia with a focal point on local politics in Madura. Specifically, this book tries to explain factors that have shaped the development of contemporary Islam and politics in Madura. One of the main arguments of this book is that local elite figures play greater roles than formal leaders such as village heads or regents in mobilizing communities in Madura. By focusing on both kiai and blater, this book examines the forms of the relationship between Islam and politics on one hand, and between piety and violence on the other. Anthropologically speaking, in order to produce a richer discussion, kiai and blater must be seen as social actors and not as a mere structure in their role of the construction of Islam and political formation in contemporary Indonesia.
Promoting Qarḍ al-Ḥasan in Nanofinance to Counter The Moneylender in Southeast Asia
Authors: Musari Khairunnisa
Published: April 2019

Moneylending is a real humanitarian problem in Asian countries, including in Southeast Asia. This study examines moneylending activities in this region, where poor people become a target. An emergency need forces them to seek out a moneylender. This paper argues that nanofinance may address the microfinance gap to counter the moneylender. Despite the existence of nanofinance, it has not obtained as much attention as microfinance. However, nanofinance activities have run in some Asian countries to help the poor. By interviewing some informants in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia, and then reviewing the empirical study and context in Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei, this paper intends to: (1) Describe the practice of moneylending in Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei; (2) Describe the nanofinance practice in Indonesia and Thailand; (3) Promote qarḍ al-ḥasan as the philanthropy contract of (Islamic) nanofinance.
The Concept of Patah Titi: The Problem of Inheritance and Its Solution in Aceh Tengah
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi
Published: April 2019

This article examines the inheritance issue of patah titi practiced by the people of Aceh Tengah. Patah titi is a state in which one of the aṣḥāb al-furūḍ (obligatory sharers or primary heirs) loses linkage (due to death) to muwārith (the deceased). This study used descriptive analysis and drew upon legal pluralism, which considers the interaction between state laws, customary laws, and religious laws in resolving a case. The findings show that inheritance distribution is implemented in three steps: first, the heir inherits nothing due to the legal consequences of patah titi; second, the heir receives inheritance because they are considered a badl (substitution) of the predeceased heir; third, the heir receives hibah (gift). The last two steps in the settlement of patah titi are derived from various sources, including the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), customary law, and the universal values of Islamic law, which consider principles of equity, humanity and child protection.
Dawr al-mar’ah fī usrat al-salafīyah al-jihādīyah fī farḍ al-inḍibāṭ ‘alá jism al-abnā’
Authors: Fikriyati Umi Najikhah , Azca Muhamad Najib
Published: April 2019

In a radical group, women have strategic and significant roles as a martyr, creating some kindship genealogies, recruiting members, and reproducing religious values for their family members. This paper intends to study more deeply about women’s role in reproducing religious values in the Salafi Jihadi’s family, specifically in the terrorism convicted family. When their husbands are jailed because of terrorism cases, the terrorists’ wives will become the family’s center. Besides as a mother, they also must replace their husband’s role such as giving livelihood and reproducing religious values for their children. In this study, reproduction of religious values in the Sisi and Susi’s family (unreal names) is implemented through child’s body disciplines. It undertakes through some activities such as (1) space concept (2) activity and behavior (3) punishment.
RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERACTIVE EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Neminska Rumyana
Published: April 2019

The quality of tertiary education is one of the main objectives of the common European space. As an element of quality, the development of innovative teaching methodologies in higher education is perceived. That is why innovative practices, student-centered training and their results remain a priority in the process of higher education. It is precisely this that, in procedural terms, requires higher education to have an adaptive research character, so that teaching methods create the conditions for the development of students' research skills. This perspective is the core of this report. It outlines the adaptive nature of interactive methods and their research characteristics. In the contemporary reading of interactive learning two main trends are considered - the scientific theoretical enrichment and the content-technological extension of the notion of interactivity.
In the theoretical perspective, interactive education in higher education is seen as a pedagogical model that encourages students to be an active part of the learning interaction. In this sense, interactive methods are understood as integrative complexes in which a dialogue-oriented research environment for the development of scientific and research potential is constructed. The interactive methodological complex organizes such academic learning environment, which is permanently dynamic, research-focused, creative and effective. The grading of this interactive methodological complex consists in the fact that the students use the methodical supports, but they build their scientific theoretical links so that they mutually develop their cognitive, emotional and other type of potential. In content - technology terms, the concept is explored through action - oriented and interdisciplinary approaches. The methodical interactive complex is also built on simulation-based pedagogical training. It has designed a learning environment in which students can make mistakes, exercise and explore the cognitive space, apply various ideas several times to achieve the most satisfactory and pedagogically acceptable result. The research technology in the methodical interactive learning model is constructed in three stages: community work, assessment reflection and a self-reflection questionnaire. In the three technological stages, the student enters different roles: constructor, evaluator, personal reflection. In each of the stages, the research feature enables influence on a particular element of the model so as to enhance/slow down, postpone/hurry an action, result or process. The research features of interactive learning relate to self-reflection at several levels: - teaching; - learning; -constructs of pedagogical communication, - assessment/self-assessment. The application of a research interactive learning model enhances the research culture of the students and the level of their personal and professional communication.
Pengetahuan sebagai determinan dalam pengambilan keputusan penolong persalinan ibu hamil di Puskesmas Taliwang tahun 2013
Authors: Karjono M , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Suryadhi Nyoman Tigeh
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Standar pelayanan minimal Puskesmas Taliwang menargetkan 90% persalinan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan, namun pencapaiannya baru 56,8%. Rendahnya capaian ini menghambat upaya penurunan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penolong persalinan pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Taliwang tahun 2013. Penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 160 orang diambil secara systematic random sampling dari populasi 1.098 orang. Variabel terikat adalah penolong persalinan. Pengetahuan ibu hamil, akses pelayanan kesehatan, jumlah sumber informasi, peran orang tua dan peran tokoh masyarakat adalah sebagai variabel bebas. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil [X2=20,79; p=0,003], akses pelayanan kesehatan [X2=10,34; p=0,006], sumber informasi [X2=6,15; p=0,011], peran orang tua [X2=10,64; p=0,002] dan peran tokoh masyarakat [X2=10,21; p=0,006] dengan penolong persalinan pada ibu hamil. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hanya pengetahuan ibu yang konsisten berhubungan dengan variabel penolong persalinan, dengan OR=2,02 [95%CI 1,16-3,51; R2=0,13; p=0,013;]. Upaya untuk terus meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan cara promosi kesehatan dan meningkatkan frekuensi kelas ibu hamil di tempat pelayanan kesehatan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan penolong persalinan juga perlu dilakukan.
Faktor risiko kematian ibu sebagai akibat komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas di Kabupaten Bima tahun 2011â€“2012
Authors: Juharni Sri , Widarsa I Ketut Tangking , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Angka kematian ibu (AKI) di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat tahun 2010 yaitu sekitar 350/100.000 kelahiran hidup, masih cukup tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan angka nasional dan provinsi lainnya. Kabupaten Bima merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yang memiliki kasus kematian ibu yang cukup tinggi pada periode tahun 2011-2012 yaitu 20 kasus. Depkes RI membagi 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian ibu yaitu faktor medik, faktor non medik dan faktor pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktorâ€“faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kematian ibu, yang terdiri dari faktor medik, non medik dan pelayanan kesehatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus kontrol, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 kasus dan 60 kontrol. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian melakukan verifikasi dengan register yang ada di bidan, KMS ibu hamil dan dokumen otopsi verbal. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan chi square test dan multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang dijumpai meningkatkan risiko kematian ibu adalah kadar Hb<10 gr% (OR=15,19; 95%CI: 3,25-70,97), keterlambatan pengambilan keputusan (OR=9,28; 95%CI: 2,15-84,80) dan keterlambatan penanganan medis di fasilitas rujukan (OR=13,16; 95%CI: 2,28-104,86). Faktor yang paling berkontribusi terhadap kematian ibu adalah kadar Hb<10 gr%. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah peningkatan kadar Hb ibu hamil, peningkatan kemampuan bidan/dokter dalam memberikan penanganan dasar kegawat-daruratan obstetrik di puskesmas dan penanganan obstetrik esensial komprehensif di rumah sakit serta perbaikan sistem rujukan merupakan upaya pencegahan terhadap risiko kematian ibu.
Prevalensi infeksi taeniasis saginata pada konsumen lawar sapi di Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar tahun 2012
Authors: Harimbawa Oka , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Adiputra I Nyoman
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa taeniasis dan cysticocircosis endemis di Bali (prevalensi 0,4-23,0%) dengan kencenderungan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian sebelumnya di Kabupaten Gianyar menyatakan bahwa prevalensi taeniasis sebesar 23,8%, dimana prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan di Sukawati. Tingginya prevalensi ini dipengaruhi oleh perilaku masyarakat dan budaya mengkonsumsi daging sapi mentah di kawasan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi antara metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui analisa cross-sectional pada 80 sampel dari konsumen daging sapi mentah (wawancara pada perilaku beresiko dan pengalaman sebelumnya). Sampel feses dari responden juga diambil dan diperiksa untuk mengetahui angka kejadian taeniasis saginata. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik warung daging sapi mentah. Ditemukan bahwa persentase infeksi taeniasis saginata sebagian besar pada kelompok umur 15-44 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan tidak mengenyam pendidikan formal. Dari analisa bivariat diperoleh bahwa faktor-faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,018), lokasi warung (p=0,001), dan frekuensi dari konsumsi daging sapi mentah oleh responden (p=0,013). Analisa multivariat menggunakan cox regression dinemukan bahwa lokasi warung memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian taenisis saginata (p=0,003). Saran-saran yang bisa direkomendasikan termasuk pendidikan bagi pedagang daging sapi mentah, meningkatkan tes bagi konsumen dan penelitian lebih lanjut pada variabel-variabel lainnya seperti perilaku pemotongan ternak dan standar/prosedur pengolahan daging.
Meningkatnya angka kematian ibu (MMRatio): apakah betul?
Authors: Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2019

Dalam Peta Jalan Percepatan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Mileneum di Indonesia telah ditetapkan bahwa secara nasional Angka Kematian Ibu akibat komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan per 100.000 kelahiran hidup atau Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMRatio) diharapkan turun dari 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2007Â  menjadi 102 pada tahun 2015
Alasan Tidak Diberikan ASI Eksklusif oleh Ibu Bekerja di Kota Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Haryani Haryani , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Karmaya I Nyoman Mangku
Published: April 2019

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Mengetahui alasan ibu bekerja tidak memberikan air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif pada bayinya danÂ  faktor-faktor yang menghambatÂ  pemberiannya di Kota Mataram Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dengan focus group discussion (FGD) dan wawancara mendalam. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan pada 9 informan kunci Â yaitu ibu bekerja yang tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif. FGD dilakukan sebanyak dua kali, pada 21 informan lain yaitu suami, metua, keluarga, kader, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat dan pimpinan dari informan kunci.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan tidak diberikanya ASI eksklusif oleh ibu yang bekerja antara lain karena adanya rasa repot dari ibu,Â  beban kerja yang tinggi, waktu cuti terbatas, sarana prasarana yang kurang seperti tidak ada tempat penitipan anak (TPA) dan pengantar ASI (kurir ASI) dan tuntutan kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang menghambat ibu bekerja didalam memberikan ASIÂ  eksklusif padaÂ  bayinya yaitu: faktor ekonomi, faktor fisik ibu yaitu rasa lelah dan sakit yang diderita, faktor psikologis dan faktor kurangnya sarana dan prasarana pendukung.Simpulan: Alasan ibu bekerja tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif pada bayinya karena rasa repot, beban kerja, waktu cuti terbatas, sarana dan prasarana kurang dan tuntutan ekonomi. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambat pemberian ASI adalah faktor ekonomi, keadaan fisik ibu, psikologis dan kurangnya sarana prasarana pendukung.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif di Distrik Dili Timor Leste Tahun 2014
Authors: Guterres Jacinta dos Santos , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2019

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Menurut WHO tuberkulosis paru (TB) di Timor-Leste diperkirakan mempunyai tingkat kematian yang paling tinggi di wilayah Asia Tenggara yaitu sebesar 45 per 100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko TB paru di Distrik Dili.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah kasus kontrol. Kasus adalah penderita TB paru BTA positif dan kontrol adalah pasien bukan TB yang tercatat di register klinik TB Motael dan Bairo-pite dan tiga puskesmas (Comoro, Formosa, Becora) di Distrik DiliÂ  Juli 2013-Februari 2014. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 138 orang terdiri dari 46 orang kasus dan 92 kontrol (1:2). Faktor risiko yang ditelitiÂ  adalahÂ  kebiasaan merokok, kontak dengan penderita, status gizi, penghasilan keluarga, kepadatan hunian, pencahayaan sinar matahari, ventilasi dan penggunaan kayu bakar untuk memasak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan pengukuran. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat untuk mengetahui kemiripan kasus dan kontrol dan menghitung crude OR. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berperan meningkatkan kejadian TBHasil: Tidak dijumpai adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol dalam variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan (p>0,05). Dari hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian TB paru adalah kontak dengan penderita (OR=2,809; 95%CI:1,337-5,900), status gizi (OR=2,380; 95%CI:1,096-5,169), pencahayaan sinar matahari (OR=8,090; 95%CI:3,468-18,872) dan ventilasi (OR=6,141; 95%CI:2,709-13,924). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berperan adalah kontak dengan penderita (OR=3,428; 95%CI:1,455-8,075) dan pencahayaan sinar matahari (OR=4,601; 95%CI:1,336-15,845).Simpulan: Kontak dengan penderita dan pencahayaan sinar matahari merupakan faktor risiko TB paru BTA positif di Distrik Dili Timor Leste.
Konsumsi Besi Folat, Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Besi Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Setyaningsih Wahyu , Ani Luh Seri , Utami Ni Wayan Arya
Published: April 2019

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi besi folat, tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di delapan puskesmas di Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur dengan subjek 128 ibu hamil yang dipilih dengan metode stratified random sampling dari kohor ibu hamil di masing-masing puskesmas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dengan mempergunakan semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, mengukur lingkar lengan atas dan pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dengan Easy Touch GCHb (Bioptik Technology Inc, China). Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Jember didapatkan sebesar 60,16% (95%CI:51,76-68,56). Dari hasil analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik diperoleh bahwa variabel-variabel yang secara statistik bermakna menurunkan risiko terjadinya anemia pada ibu hamil ialah: pendapatan (adjusted OR=0,09; 95%CI: 0,03-0,51), konsumsi besi folat (adjusted OR=0,16; 95%CI:Â  0,04-0,69), tingkat kecukupan energi (adjusted OR=0,06; 95%CI: 0,01-0,33) dan kecukupan zat besi (adjusted OR=0,11; 95%CI: 0,01-0,90).Simpulan: Pendapatan, asupan bahan pangan tinggi energi dan zat besi, serta konsumsi besi folat dijumpai secara bermakna menurunkan risiko kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil.
Perbedaan Kepuasan Pasien pada Puskesmas ISO dan Puskesmas Non ISO di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Candrawati A.A.A.A. , Suarjana I Ketut , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2019

Latar belakang dan tujuan: ISO diimplementasikan di empat puskesmas Kota Denpasar untuk meningkatkan mutu layanan dan kepuasan pasien. Telah dilakukan penilaian mutu layanan pada puskesmas di Denpasar tetapi belum dilakukan penilaian kepuasan pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pasien pada puskesmas ISO dibandingkan puskesmas non ISO dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Metode: Rancangan penelitian adalah survei sampel cross-sectional pada 298 pasien, sebanyak 149 di puskesmas ISO dan 149 non ISO yang dipilih secara consecutive. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi sendiri oleh pasien dan dianalisis secara bivariat dengan uji chi square dan multivariat dengan metode regresi logistik serta analisis kuadran untuk mengetahui kinerja yang perlu ditingkatkan.Hasil: Kepuasan pasien secara bermakna (p=0,001) lebih tinggi di puskesmas ISO (98,66%) dibandingkan Â non ISO (87,25%). Kepuasan berdasarkan dimensi mutu secara bermakna (p=0,001) lebih tinggiÂ  di puskesmas ISO yaitu kehandalan (97,99% vs 81,21%), ketanggapan (97,32% vs 82,52%), jaminan (98,66% vs 84,56%), empati (97,32% vs 77,18%), penampilan fisik (97,32% vs 83,8%). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien adalah status puskesmas ISO dengan adjusted OR=16,56 (95% CI: 3,87-70,95) dan status kepesertaan jaminan kesehatan dengan adjusted OR=3,76 (95%CI:1,38-10,23). Analisis kuadran menunjukkan bahwa di puskesmas ISO sub-item kesopanan dan ketelitian petugas serta kerapian ruangan merupakan prioritas utama untuk ditingkatkan kinerjanya.Simpulan: Kepuasan pasien secara bermakna dijumpai lebih tinggi pada puskesmas ISO. Sub-item kesopanan dan ketelitian petugas serta kerapian ruangan masih perlu ditingkatkan kinerjanya di puskesmas ISO.