bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pear Rootstocks for the Cultivar ‘Suvenirs’ in the Baltic Region
Authors: Lepsis Jānis , Lepse Līga , Kviklys Darius , Univer Neeme
Published: July 2013

In 2001, investigations were carried out on the Latvian origin cultivar ‘Suvenîrs’ grafted on seven pear rootstocks (MA, MC, BA29, Pyrodwarf, Brokmal, Kirchensaller Mostbirne and Kazrauðu bumbiere) in Polli (Estonia), Pûre (Latvia) and Babtai (Lithuania). The aim of the investigation was to evaluate pear rootstocks in different climatic conditions in the Baltic region. In Polli, all trees were planted in a dense planting, and therefore, trunk cross section area did not differ significantly between trees on different rootstocks. The most vigorous tree habit was observed in Lithuania for trees grafted on the rootstocks Kirchensaller Mostbirne and Brokmal, but in Latvia on Kirchensaller Mostbirne and Kazrauðu bumbiere. The highest dwarfing effect was observed for rootstock MC in both places. The highest cumulative yield from the orchard area was found for trees grafted on rootstocks of the quince group in all three locations of investigation. Nevertheless, the winter hardiness of the quince group rootstocks was not sufficient for Baltic climatic conditions. Good overwintering in Latvia and Lithuania was observed for trees on Pyrodwarf. Survival rate of trees grafted on Pyrodwarf in Estonia was unsatisfactory. The worse overwintering in Lithuania was observed for trees grafted on Brokmal. There was a dwarfing effect on trees and better yield on the vegetative propagated rootstocks included in the investigation, but none one of them can be recommended as perspective for commercial orchards in Baltic agro-climatic conditions.
Influence of Anti-Browning Inhibitors and Biodegradable Packaging on the Quality of Fresh-Cut Pears
Authors: Krasnova Inta , Dukaļska Lija , Segliņa Dalija , Mišina Inga , Kārkliņa Daina
Published: July 2013

Pears usually are used as ingredients in the production of fresh-cut fruit salads. Fruit browning in the food industry is one of the main problems, and therefore, different anti-browning inhibitors are used to maintain the quality of fresh-cut pears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) juice (QJ) as an anti-browning agent for the pear (Pyrus communis) cultivar ‘Belorusskaya Pozdnaya’ and to compare its effect to that of ascorbic acid (AA) solution, which is typically used as an anti-browning agent. In addition, the effect of biodegradable packaging material on quality of treated pears during storage was assessed, in comparison with packaging in conventional polymer pouches. Diluted 20% Japanese quince juice and 1.5% ascorbic acid solution were used as inhibitors of pear browning. Produce quality during storage of fresh-cut pears for ten days using biodegradable polilactid (PLA) containers with lids and VC999 BioPack PLA films coated with a barrier of pure silicon oxide (SiOx) was compared with that using conventional packaging with polyethylene (PE) film as a control. The quality of pears during storage was estimated by changes of colour brightness value L*, whitening index (WI), firmness (N), pH value and total soluble solid content (Brix o). The results showed that colour of fresh-cut pears was maintained better using biodegradable packaging materials and using the control anti-browning agent ascorbic acid. After nine storage days, the brightness L* value of fresh cut pears was significantly lower when conventional packaging material (PE film pouches) and treatment with Japanese quince juice was used.
Use of Packaging Materials for Extending the Shelf Life of Diploid Plum Variety ‘Kometa’
Authors: Segliņa Dalija , Olšteine Anita , Krasnova Inta , Juhņeviča Karina
Published: July 2013

Polymers (films, bags and boxes) are the most widely used materials for packing of fresh fruit. Product shelf life is dependent on the packaging material barrier properties, including permeability of CO2 and O2. It focused on the uses of environmentally friendly biodegradable packaging materials for fresh fruit storage. Polypropylene, polylactic acid boxes and cardboard boxes placed in polylactic acid material bag were tested as packaging materials to extend the shelf life of diploid plum cultivar ‘Kometa’. Qualitative characteristics of plum (weight, firmness, soluble solids content and colour changes) stored at temperature +4 ± 1 °C for 20 days were evaluated. Sensory evaluation was performed using a 9-point hedonic scale. Plum in good quality can be stored at the temperature +4 ± 1 °C for 12 days on average. Selective gas and moisture barrier properties of polylactic material ensured minimal weight loss in hermetical containers, but promoted plum ripening and hence a reduction of the storage period. The results suggested that biodegradable packaging materials could be a successful alternative to the conventional polymers for plum packaging, and could contribute to reduction of environmental pollution.
Investigation of Botrytis Cinerea Risk Forecasting Model of Strawberry in Lithuania
Authors: Rasiukevičiūtė Neringa , Valiuškaitė Alma , Survilienė-Radzevičė Elena , Supronienė Skaidrė
Published: July 2013

Grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is one of the most important strawberry diseases in Lithuania, like in other countries, where strawberries are grown. The efficiency of different disease management systems were analyzed at the Institute of Horticulture in 2010-2011. The B. cinerea risk probability at various regions of Lithuania was analyzed according to iMETOS ®sm grey mould risk forecasting model. Strawberry grey mould risk forecasting model indicates the risk of infection periods on the basis of the interaction between air temperature and leaf wetness duration. The model calculates how favourable is the period for the risk of infection. In periods where the risk is consistent (more than three days), higher than 60 points, a spray against grey mould should be applied. iMETOS®sm grey mould risk forecasting model gives the opportunity to optimize the usage of fungicides and reduce the number of applications and allows more efficient, ecologically and economically accepted control of strawberries grey mould.
Evaluating the Resistance to the Plum Pox Virus of Some Apricot Tree Cultivars and Hybrids in South-Eastern Romania
Authors: Trandafirescu Marioara , Dumitru Liana Melania , Trandafirescu Iulian
Published: July 2013

In Europe, the Plum pox virus causes one of the most serious diseases of stone fruit-growing species (plum, apricot, peach, nectarine, almond and cherry) in all countries where cultivated. Romania is one of the countries in which this virus has been present for several years and where the contamination level is very high. The disease causes considerable damage, as the infected trees have few fruit, which are small, deformed, lacking in flavour, with a low content of sugar and which can neither be consumed nor used in production. In areas where the Plum pox virus is present, the cultivation of highly resistant (tolerant) genotypes is the only possibility to alleviate this problem. The purpose of the research performed in this paper was to identify varieties that are tolerant to the virus and to monitor the manner in which the resistance is transmitted to hybrid descendants. The material employed consisted of apricot tree varieties from the national collection of the Research Station for Fruit-Growing Constanþa. The presence of the Plum pox virus was determined by biological method using a GF305 wooden indicator and the serological method through the ELISA test. The varieties identified as having higher resistance to the attack of the Plum pox virus (‘Stark Early Orange’, ‘NJA 17’, and ‘Sulmona’) were used in intraspecific hybridisations for the selection of hybrids to which this characteristic was transmitted. These included: the selections ‘VT 48/45’, ‘VT 51/45’, ‘VT 47/112’ and ‘H 9/5’.
Influence of Rootstock on Plum Flowering Intensity in Different Growing Regions
Authors: Dēķena Dzintra , Jänes Heljo , Poukh Alena V. , Alsiņa Inga
Published: July 2013

The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the flowering intensity of two plum cultivars: a hybrid `Kubanskaya Kometa` and European plum ‘Victoria’ in diverse locations. Sixteen well known European rootstocks were used, of which eight were clonal (St. Julien A, Brompton, Ackermann, Pixy, GF8/1, G5/22, GF655/2, Hamyra) and eight were seedlings (St. Julien INRA2, St. Julien d Orleans, St. Julien Noir, Brompton, Wangenheims Zwetche, St. Julien Wädenswil, Myrobalan, P. cerasifera var. divaricata). The evaluation was conducted in experimental orchards which were established in spring 2001 in Latvia, Estonia and Belarus. Trees were planted at a spacing of 5 × 3 m in four replications, three trees per plot. The obtained data from the years 2008-2012 are presented. The flowering intensity of plum trees depended on the cultivar rootstock combination. The influence of rootstock on flowering intensity differed between the years and growing region, and was closely correlates with meteorological conditions during the wintering period. Cv. ‘Kometa Kubanskaya’ had the highest blooming intensity in Pûre on rootstocks GF 655/2 and Wangenheims Zwetche; in Brest on Brompton seedlings, Julien d’ Orleans G5/22 and Ackermann; and in Polli on GF 8/1 and Brompton seedlings. ‘Victoria’ plum trees had the highest intensity of flowering on rootstocks Pixy and Wangenheims Zwetche in Pūre; on St. Julien INRA 2 and Ackermann in Brest; and on GF 655/2 and Ackermann in Polli.
Glycemic Status in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Dyslipidemia Before and After Three Months Treatment with Atorvastatin
Authors: Memu Ana Raluca , Zosin Ioana , Negrişanu Gabriela
Published: July 2013

Background and Aims. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Statins appear to have beneficial effects in PCOS, although some meta-analyzes showed an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with 20 mg of atorvastatin daily for three months on glucose tolerance in a group of 8 normal weight patients with PCOS and dyslipidemia.Material andMethods. We evaluated 8 patients aged between 29 and 40 years, with normal weight, diagnosed with PCOS and dyslipidemia. The carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 3 months of therapy with 20 mg of atorvastatin daily.Results. Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.01) and statistically significant increase in HDL cholesterol (p = 0.003). Fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.59) and the 2-hour OGTT glycemia (p = 0.54) were not significantly changed. Total testosterone decreased significantly ( p= 0.04).Conclusions. At baseline, all patients included in our study showed unaffected carbohydrate metabolism. Even after 3 months of therapy with atorvastatin 20 mg daily no changes in glucose homeostasis were noted.
C-Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index in Patients with Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mocanu Valeria , Timar Romulus , Horhat Raluca , Bucur Adina , Şerban Viorel
Published: July 2013

Background and aims: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker that may be associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The body mass index (BMI) is an important element, frequently evaluated in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between CRP, BMI and existing DR in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects. Material and method: Thirty T2DM patients aged 35-50 were subjected to a general, ophthalmologic and fundus examination. Results: 9 of the 30 patients (30%) didn’t presented changes in the fundus examination. 15 (50%) presented minor retinal changes while 6 (20%) were diagnosed with DR: one case of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2 cases of preproliferative DR and 3 cases of proliferative DR. In patients with normal fundus examination and minor retinal changes, CRP was positive in the majority of the cases (95.8%). CRP was positive in only one patient in the group with diagnosed DR. BMI was increased in 85.71% of the patients with retinal changes: angiosclerosis or DR and in only 22.22% of the patients without retinal changes. Conclusions: Lower CRP and higher BMI were associated with higher prevalence of DR.
The Influence of First Trimester Maternal Glucose on Fetal Growth and Possible Implications in Pregnancy Evolution
Authors: Vereş Monica , Lacziko Szidonia , Babeş Aurel
Published: July 2013

Background and Aims: Maternal hyperglycemia during the first trimester of pregnancy is frequently associated with the appearance of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of the first trimester blood glucose on the glycemic values from the second and third trimester and on fetal birth weight. Material and method: We performed an observational study on a group of 46 pregnant women who finally delivered on due date. We determined glycemia values in the first and third trimester of pregnancy while an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed during the second trimester (24 - 28 weeks of pregnancy). We divided the pregnancies in two groups: with normal glucose or hyperglycemia during the first trimester. Finally we analyzed the influence of first trimester hyperglycemia on different maternal characteristics and on fetal birth weight. Results: Third trimester glycemia was significantly increased in women with first trimester hyperglycemia in comparison with the control group (p= 0.04) but no effect of the last on OGTT values was recorded. The ROC curve for the influence of first trimester glycemia on fetal macrosomia had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.551. Conclusions: Firsttrimester glycemia has a low diagnostic accuracy in the appreciation of fetal macrosomia risk.
Searching the Missing Link Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes
Authors: Mitrea Adina , Popa Simona Georgiana , Muntean Cristina , Soare Andreea , Trotta Laura , Callea Antonio , Moţa Maria
Published: July 2013

Recent studies strongly suggest a significant association between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer Disease (AD) justifying the term “type 3 diabetes”. Studies show that impairment of glucose metabolism occurs very early in the course of AD, leading to a broad range of consequences, among which the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), which per se induces insulin resistance. Furthermore, adipocytokines, recognised markers of insulin resistance, seem to play a role in the development of AD. As for insulin resistance, when AD is considered, the most studied ones are leptin and adiponectin, but also a recently described adipokine - progranulin. It is our belief that both prospective and transversal studies on subjects with both AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may prove the role of adipokines not only in AD, but also in this most somber association.
Application of methods for area calculation of geodesic polygons on Polish administrative units
Authors: Pędzich Paweł , Kuźma Marta
Published: July 2013

The paper presents methods of area calculation, which may be applied for big geodesic polygons on the ellipsoid. Proposal developed by the authors of this paper is discussed. The proposed methods are compared with other, alternative methods of area calculation of such polygons. Test calculations are performed for administrative units in Poland. The obtained results are also compared with areas of those units registered in statistical annals. Utilisation of the equal-area map projections of the ellipsoid onto a plane seems to be the best solution for the discussed task. In the case of small distances between points we may expect accurate results of calculations, since the area size is influenced by the projection reductions only, which are small in such cases. In some cases their influence on results of calculations may be neglected. Then, only re-calculation of co-ordinates from the GRS80 ellipsoid to the cartographic, equal-area projection is required.
Smartphone-Based School Atlases?
Authors: Nuñez José Jesús Reyes
Published: July 2013

The use of the newest mobile devices, especially by young people and children, is constantly growing in many countries. The youngest generations consider the use of smartphones and tablets as a “natural tool” to help them in their daily activities. The wider use of these devices is determined by the increasing presence of location-based services and Web 2.0–based applications. Most map-based applications developed for smartphones are location-based services intended to help the users orient themselves or seek thematic (e.g., tourist) information in a given environment. This study presents the possibilities of using smartphones in school cartography, specifically for displaying school atlases. After a brief background on the use of smartphones by children and young people in different countries, a short introduction on digital atlases in general is given, followed by our recommendations for the adoption of school atlases for these devices. We describe the two initial aspects of the process of adaptation of these atlases for smartphones: the adaptation of content and of (carto)graphic solutions. Finally, we discuss whether the mobile device–based school atlases can be improved by combining solutions used in digital atlases with new solutions developed for mobile devices, such as improved location-based service technology or 3D technology-based representations.
Previous Experimental Polymer Rheology Versus Flow Induced Crystallization
Authors: Janeschitz-Kriegl H.
Published: July 2013

Experimental results, which have mostly been obtained with the aid of flow birefringence, are quoted. For a series of polystyrenes insights are obtained into the adjustment times for steady flow. For shear rates of practical interest these times are extremely short compared with the times showing up in the relaxation time spectrum. The question arises, whether this spectrum can still be of influence. Measurements on polyethylenes are quoted, which are in agreement. But this means that, fortunately, in capillary rheometry mostly the steady state viscosity is measured. This statement also holds for duct flow, which has often been used for the investigation of shear induced crystallization, in particular on polypropylenes. The linear stress optical rule is recalled. It reflects the persistence of an internal equilibrium, which breaks down only at high enough shear rates. This equilibrium seems to hold for the random flight statistics of chain segments connecting entanglements. The mentioned adjustment times are already short, before the said break down occurs.
Improving Weld Line Strength of Fiber Reinforced Plastics By Means of A “Flow Disruptor”
Authors: Rios P. F. , Reuven-Zada M. , Kol R. , Yoffe S. , Kenig S.
Published: July 2013

The presence of weld lines can cause a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of injection molded plastic parts, especially when they contain minerals additives or fiber reinforcements, and it is a common reason for their failure. In this work a method for modifying the flow pattern in the weld line zone using a “flow disruptor” is proposed to strengthen the weld lines of fiber reinforced polypropylene. The flow disruptor is a small insert introduced inside the injection molding cavity, in the weld line area, and its objective is to mix the melt and disrupt fountain flow in order to blur and erase the weld line. The method is simple and low cost, does not require special machines or molds and does not affect the part shape or surface. Flow disruptors were designed, their effects analyzed by using simulation software, fabricated from different materials and encapsulated within injection molded tensile test samples for mechanical properties evaluation. The results of this work demonstrate that the mechanical properties in the weld line can be improved by the use of a well designed flow disruptor, made from suitable materials.
Influence of Lactofen and 2,4-DB Combinations on Peanut Injury and Yield
Authors: Ferrell J.A. , Leon R.G. , Sellers B. , Rowland D. , Brecke B.
Published: July 2013

Lactofen plus crop oil adjuvants are increasingly being used to combat acetolactate synthase-resistant weeds in peanut production. To control a broader spectrum of weeds, it is desirable to mix 2,4-DB with lactofen. However, lactofen can be highly injurious to peanuts. It is unknown if the addition of 2,4-DB will exacerbate or prolong the injury observed by lactofen. Experiments were conducted in Citra and Jay, FL in 2011 and 2012 to examine the impact of lactofen, 2,4-DB and lactofen + 2,4-DB applied at 15, 30, and 45 days after planting (DAP) on peanut injury and yield. It was observed that 2,4-DB did not increase foliar injury or stunting (as measured by canopy width) compared to lactofen alone. Additionally, yield was not impacted by any herbicide combination or application timing. From these data, lactofen plus 2,4-DB combinations, applied with crop oil adjuvants, can be used with little concern for exacerbating effects on peanut growth or yield relative to lactofen applied alone.
‘Great Horizons Flooded with the Alien Light of the Sun’:Le Sacre du Printempsin the Russian Context
Authors: Järvinen Hanna
Published: July 2013

Even a century after the premiere of Le Sacre du Printemps, Russian contemporary sources offer a wealth of material on the Ballets Russes and particularly on Nijinsky's 1913 choreography that are rarely even read let alone discussed in detail. Consequently, the interpretations ignore outright the importance of the historical context of Imperial Russia to this work and, specifically, the contemporary Russian dance discourse has been overshadowed by the authoritative voices of Western critics and rather selective reminiscences emphasising the scandalous premiere. This paper will give an overview of some of these little-known Russian sources and their generally positive reception of Nijinsky's work in order to argue that these informed Russian spectators perceived Sacre in a manner that contests how this work has been represented in dance history
An Epidemiological Prospective Study of Children’s Health and Annoyance Reactions to Aircraft Noise Exposure in South Africa
Authors: Seabi Joseph
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate health and annoyance reactions to change in chronic exposure to aircraft noise on a sample of South African children. It was the intention of this study to examine if effects of noise on health and annoyance can be demonstrated. If so, whether such effects persist over time, or whether such effects are reversible after the cessation of exposure to noise. A cohort of 732 children with a mean age of 11.1 (range = 8–14) participated at baseline measurements in Wave 1 (2009), and 649 (mean age = 12.3; range = 9–15) and 174 (mean age = 13.3; range = 10–16) children were reassessed in Wave 2 (2010) and Wave 3 (2011) after the relocation of the airport, respectively. The findings revealed that the children who were exposed to chronic aircraft noise continued to experience significantly higher annoyance than their counterparts in all the waves at school, and only in Wave 1 and Wave 2 at home. Aircraft noise exposure did not have adverse effects on the children’s self-reported health outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that chronic exposure to aircraft noise may have a lasting impact on children’s annoyance, but not on their subjective health rating. This is one of the first longitudinal studies of this nature in the African continent to make use of an opportunity resulting from the relocation of airport.
Use Patterns of Leave-on Personal Care Products among Swiss-German Children, Adolescents, and Adults
Authors: Manová Eva , Von Goetz Natalie , Keller Carmen , Siegrist Michael , Hungerbühler Konrad
Published: July 2013

In order to model exposure to ingredients contained in personal care products (PCPs) and assess their potential risks to human health, access to reliable PCP use data, including co-use patterns, is essential. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the use patterns of eight leave-on PCP categories among the German-speaking population of Switzerland (N = 1,196; ages 0–97 years), providing for the first time in Europe PCP use data for children <12 years of age. The majority of respondents (99%) reported having used at least one of the investigated PCP categories in the past year. Co-use of two or more PCP categories at the same time was common and more complex amongst adults. Regular use of face cream and body lotion was very high in the youngest group of children aged 0–4 years (more than 79% respondents) who may be more vulnerable to certain adverse effects of some PCP ingredients. A comparison with previously collected information on PCP use patterns in Germany and the Netherlands indicates differences in PCP use patterns among European consumers and suggests that surrogate PCP use data from other countries must be used with caution. This work extends the existing knowledge of PCP use patterns and will be useful for new exposure assessments for ingredients contained in PCPs used by the young consumers.
Molecular and Functional Imaging for Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fortuin Ansje , De Rooij Maarten , Zamecnik Patrik , Haberkorn Uwe , Barentsz Jelle
Published: July 2013

Knowledge on lymph node metastases is crucial for the prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients. Conventional anatomic imaging often fails to differentiate benign from metastatic lymph nodes. Pelvic lymph node dissection is an invasive technique and underestimates the extent of lymph node metastases. Therefore, there is a need for more accurate non-invasive diagnostic techniques. Molecular and functional imaging has been subject of research for the last decades, in this respect. Therefore, in this article the value of imaging techniques to detect lymph node metastases is reviewed. These techniques include scintigraphy, sentinel node imaging, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) and magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL). Knowledge on pathway and size of lymph node metastases has increased with molecular and functional imaging. Furthermore, improved detection and localization of lymph node metastases will enable (focal) treatment of the positive nodes only.
Sufficiency of Local Feedback for Sensor-Actuator Network-Based Control Systems with Distance Sensitivity Properties
Authors: Kulathumani Vinod , Lemon Bryan
Published: July 2013

Timely dissemination of required state information poses a significant challenge in the design of distributed sensor/actuator network-based control systems. In this paper, distance sensitivity properties inherent in many sensor-actuator network-based control systems are exploited to establish conditions under which information within a bounded locality of each controller closely approximates optimal control based on knowledge of system-wide state information. By doing so, it is shown that optimal control in extremely large-scale distributed control systems can be achieved in O(1) time using information only within a fixed neighborhood around each controller, the size of which depends on the decay characteristics of the actuator influence matrix.
Analytical Study for the Charge-Transfer Complexes of Rosuvastatin Calcium with π-Acceptors
Authors: Alzoman Nourah , Sultan Maha , Maher Hadir , Alshehri Mona , Wani Tanveer , Darwish Ibrahim
Published: July 2013

Studies were carried out to investigate the charge-transfer (CT) reaction of ROS-Ca, as a n-electron donor with various p-acceptors: tetracyanoethylene, p-chloranilic acid, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane, and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone. Different colored CT complexes were obtained. The reaction mechanism and site of interaction were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric techniques and computational molecular modeling. The formation of the colored complexes was utilized in the development of simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ROS-Ca. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9984–0.9995) were found between the absorbances and the concentrations of ROS-Ca in the range of 2–200 mg mL−1. The limits of detection ranged from 0.41 to 12.24 mg mL−1. No interference could be observed from the additives commonly present in the tablets or from the drugs that are co-formulated with ROS-Ca in its combined formulations. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of tablets with good accuracy and precision; the recovery percentages ranged from 99.54–100.46 ± 1.58–1.82%. The results were compared favorably with the reported method. The proposed methods are practical and valuable for routine application in quality control laboratories for determination of ROS-Ca in its bulk form and tablets.
Benchmark Study on the Smallest Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction: H−+CH4 →CH4+H−
Authors: Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: July 2013

We report here a benchmark study on the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between hydride and methane, for which we have obtained reference energies at the coupled cluster toward full configuration-interaction limit (CC-cf/CBS). Several wavefunction (HF, MP2, coupled cluster) and density functional methods are compared for their reliability regarding these reference data.
Transverse Susceptibility as a Biosensor for Detection of Au-Fe3O4 Nanoparticle-Embedded Human Embryonic Kidney Cells
Authors: Huls Natalie , Phan Manh-Huong , Kumar Arun , Mohapatra Subhra , Mohapatra Shyam , Mukherjee Pritish , Srikanth Hariharan
Published: July 2013

We demonstrate the possibility of using a radio-frequency transverse susceptibility (TS) technique based on a sensitive self-resonant tunnel-diode oscillator as a biosensor for detection of cancer cells that have taken up magnetic nanoparticles. This technique can detect changes in frequency on the order of 10 Hz in 10 MHz. Therefore, a small sample of cells that have taken up nanoparticles when placed inside the sample space of the TS probe can yield a signal characteristic of the magnetic nanoparticles. As a proof of the concept, Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with Au (mean size ~60 nm) were synthesized using a micellar method and these nanoparticles were introduced to the medium at different concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL buffer, where they were taken up by human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells via phagocytosis. While the highest concentration of Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1 mg/mL) was found to give the strongest TS signal, it is notable that the TS signal of the nanoparticles could still be detected at concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/mL.
Philosophies grecques du mendiant
Authors: Helmer Étienne
Published: July 2013

Les philosophes grecs n’ont en général pas porté à la condition du mendiant autant d’intérêt qu’à celle du pauvre. Avant l’avènement du christianisme, la seule considération théorique morale dont le mendiant semble avoir fait l’objet de la part de philosophes anciens a porté sur les dangers du sentiment de pitié pour l’intégrité morale du donateur, chez les stoïciens notamment. Platon et les cyniques sont toutefois de notables exceptions : tandis que Platon voit dans le mendiant le signe d’un désastre politique collectif dont la dysharmonie de son âme et la faiblesse de son corps sont les vivants stigmates, Diogène le cynique, à l’inverse, voit en lui le signe d’une humanité retrouvée, débarrassée du costume dénaturant des coutumes et des mœurs.
La Prusse, du duché au royaume
Authors: Chaline Olivier
Published: July 2013

Le nom de Prusse a désigné tant de choses, positives ou négatives, qu’il est nécessaire de revenir aux données sûres : le partage de 1466 entre la Prusse royale polonaise et celle des Teutoniques qui, sécularisée, devient en 1525 un duché Hohenzollern et le premier Etat protestant d’Europe. Bien des surprises attendent l’historien qui découvre une Prusse très différente de ce qu’elle est ensuite devenue.
La Prusse ducale entre la Pologne et le Brandebourg au XVII e siècle
Authors: Bérenger Jean
Published: July 2013

Fief de la Couronne de Pologne jusqu’en 1657, le duché de Prusse était un État baltique jaloux de son autonomie et fier de sa prospérité économique comme de son rayonnement intellectuel. C’était aussi un microcosme politique fascinant, constituant un « triangle politique », dont les trois sommets étaient Königsberg, Varsovie et Berlin.
Euro : une crise qui dure,pour quel rebond ?
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal
Published: July 2013

Comme la crise financière qui s’enclenche à l’été 2007 à partir de ce qui semble un problème limité à un compartiment du marché du crédit américain avec les subprimes , la zone euro va connaître des tensions majeures à partir d’une crise de la dette souveraine d’un petit pays, la Grèce, qui ne représente que 2,5 % du PIB de cette zone. En effet, à l’automne 2009, lorsque les principales agences de notation décident d’abaisser la note de la dette publique grecque, c’est l’ensemble de l’Union monétaire qui est ébranlée. On découvre l’imbrication entre crise des dettes souveraines, crise bancaire et crise économique globale avec la stagnation du PIB de la zone, la montée du chômage et les problèmes de compétitivité, en particulier pour les pays d’Europe du Sud. Est-ce à dire que Paul Krugman a raison quand il affirme : « L’euro est une construction bancale 1  » qui ne pourra s’imposer qu’avec la réalisation d’une véritable union économique et monétaire ?
Le rôle des banques centrales après la crise
Authors: Lardeux Raphaël
Published: July 2013

Le monde clos des banques centrales, tendu vers le maintien d’un taux d’inflation sacralisé et l’attachement à un idéal d’indépendance, fut bouleversé par la crise. Les impératifs de mainmise sur la stabilité financière, d’assainissement des marchés, de rétablissement d’une transmission de la politique monétaire l’ont ouvert à l’univers de l’action discrétionnaire en situation de « trappe à liquidité ». Les banques centrales sont dès lors confrontées à la complexe redéfinition de leur mission à l’égard du système financier et des États.
Peut-on encore parler de classes sociales, aujourd'hui en France ?
Authors: Démarest Guy , Louiche Sylvain
Published: July 2013

Le sujet que nous souhaitons mutualiser ici a été conçu et testé avec nos élèves de terminale. Nous avions initialement l’intention de donner un sujet facile. Nous avons pour cela croisé divers sujets de manuels. Mais le sujet s’est avéré a posteriori « assez difficile », si l’on adopte l’échelle de cotation classique des via ferrata qui va de « facile » à « abominable » ! Le plan, pour être pertinent, doit prendre en compte deux définitions différentes, celle de Marx, réaliste, et celle de Weber, nominaliste. La définition des classes de Marx inclut une dimension politique absente chez Weber. Beaucoup d’élèves ont eu du mal à faire cette nuance, adoptant implicitement soit l’une des définitions, soit l’autre. Le sujet comporte également un défaut de construction : il comprend deux textes, soit un de trop, dont nous ne sommes pas parvenus à nous passer... Mais la question posée en fait un sujet « traditionnel », facile car il appelle un débat, un plan « oui/non » (ou « oui, mais/non, mais »). Ce choix était volontaire, de manière à faciliter le travail de construction des élèves : les autres types de sujet nous semblent plus difficiles pour construire un plan.
Comité d'orientation d'Idées
Authors: Martin Gilles
Published: July 2013

Le 8 avril dernier, s’est réuni le comité d’orientation annuel d’ Idées économiques et sociales . Frédérique Houseaux ayant souhaité quitter le comité, j’ai demandé à Marie Grosgeorge, collègue de SES, de la remplacer. Marie Grosgeorge est contributrice aux blogs d’économie et de sociologie/sciences politiques du site de l’Onisep, Ma voie économique[1], dont Idées économiques et sociales est partenaire. J’ai présenté le bilan de l’année écoulée et annoncé la création par le CNDP d’un poste de rédacteur en chef adjoint pour la revue. Ce poste sera occupé par Igor Martinache, membre déjà très actif du comité. Nous avons ensuite choisi les sujets des dossiers pour l’année 2014. [1] http://mavoieeconomique.onisep.fr/
Ma voie économique de l'Onisep
Authors: Grosgeorge Marie
Published: July 2013

L’Onisep a lancé au mois de janvier dernier un site dédié à la filière économique, Ma voie économique, auquel sont adossés trois blogs, sur le modèle du site Ma voie scientifique [1] : un blog de sociologie et sciences politiques, un blog d’économie et un blog de gestion. L’objectif est d’éclairer l’actualité avec les outils des SES, du management et de la gestion. [1] http://mavoieeconomique.onisep.fr/
Les deux objets de la rencontre clinique en psychothérapie médiatisée
Authors: Sens Dominique
Published: July 2013

La rencontre clinique en psychothérapie médiatisée s’effectue par le biais de l’utilisation d’une matière à symboliser. Pour permettre un travail d’appropriation subjective par le patient de ce processus de symbolisation via la matière, la présence du thérapeute comme « miroir-environnement primaire » puis « secondaire » est nécessaire. C’est une présence qui suppose de se laisser absenter du regard du patient, une présence qui ouvre à la capacité d’être seul en présence de l’autre pour le patient.
Curriculum Design for Developing Capacity to Deal with Complex Issues
Authors: Stewart Cherry , Khan Ashfaq , Hedberg John G.
Published: July 2013

This chapter explores mental complexity theory in relation to curriculum design and development, and its relationship to implementation as interactive distance learning. The authors propose that a particular philosophical mindset leads a curriculum designer to choose learning designs that fit within a particular thinking paradigm. The learning strategies designers choose in constructing the curriculum impact significantly on how their learners approach and gain from these experiences. The study explores philosophical paradigms relating to how a curriculum might be conceived and communicated. The authors offer a framework for creating curriculums that help learners to develop skills, knowledge and attitudes appropriate for dealing with greater degrees of intellectual, social and environmental complexity. In this argument, different forms of mental complexity are linked to three learning metaphors and learning design strategies associated with distance learning. The reflections of a curriculum designer demonstrate a changing mental structure. The authors suggest that a curriculum should work on and improve learners’ brain agility so they can deal with new and complex issues without being dependent on pre-determined knowledge or solutions.
Open Education Resources
Authors: Klein Lindy
Published: July 2013

This chapter explores the possibilities for Open Education Resources (OERs) to be developed in ways that allow independent, self-directed adult learners to engage with the resources with the use of their own learning contexts. Using examples of open education resources currently available from some of the better-known OER providers, the author seeks to demonstrate what is currently available. The chapter then explores ways in which open education and OERs can be further developed to support varying and changing learner contexts.
Social Exclusion or Inclusion
Authors: Conole Gráinne
Published: July 2013

This chapter focuses on the implications of the changing digital landscape for education and in particular the implications for learners, teachers, and institutions. It begins by providing an overview of these new technologies and their associated characteristics. It then provides some examples of the ways in which these technologies are harnessed to foster different pedagogical approaches. It is evident that these technologies have immense potential to support more innovative approaches to learning, enabling more personalised and learner-centred approaches. However, there are also a number of downsides to using these technologies. The chapter outlines these and suggests that a new digital divide is being created between those who are able to be part of this new participatory culture and those who are excluded. It argues that we need to change the ways in which we design, support, and assess learning. It provides three case studies that attempt to do this: (1) the creation and use of Open Educational Resources and associated practices; (2) Cloudworks, a social networking site for sharing and discussing learning and teaching ideas; and (3) a new learning design methodology which aims to help guide practitioners in creating learning interventions that make effective use of new technologies.
mLearn
Authors: Samaka Mohammed , Impagliazzo John
Published: July 2013

This chapter presents the findings of the first phase of a four-phase research study that involves the design and development of an integrated architecture for a mobile learning platform. During this phase, a high-level architecture was designed for a mobile learning platform called mLearn. The architecture of the mLearn platform allows XML multimedia content delivery over a HTTP protocol. It also uses J2ME on the client side in support of computer-aided learning approaches used in mobile learning. In addition, the mLearn platform uses several SMS delivery methods including Push, Pull and WAP Push, which enable learners to interact with each other and to share content. In this study, three defined learning approaches were chosen for the mLearn platform: exposition, exploration, and communication.
Using an Online Simulation to Address Equity Issues for Off-Campus Students
Authors: Hardy Mat , Totman Sally
Published: July 2013

The Middle East Politics Simulation (MEPS) is an online role-play exercise aimed at providing students with an improved level of understanding of the political dimensions of the Middle East, including the complexities of negotiation and decision making that face actors in this turbulent region. An online version of MEPS has been running since 1993, initially from Macquarie University, and since 2008 from Deakin University. This longevity provides a useful longitudinal perspective on utilising a collaborative online workplace to offer enhanced learning outcomes in the study of a political topic. The wholly online nature of the simulation means that students of all study modes and even different institutions can participate and benefit equally, thus negating some of the disadvantages faced by off-campus students in learning and assessment. Additionally, the student experience and depth of learning provided by the simulation constitute an excellent example of using the strengths of an e-learning environment to offer an alternative method of engaging and assessing students, which may be beneficial for accommodating the needs of those with differing learning styles.
How Are Australian and New Zealand Higher Educators Using 3D Immersive Virtual Worlds in Their Teaching?
Authors: Lee Mark J.W. , Dalgarno Barney , Gregory Sue , Carlson Lauren , Tynan Belinda
Published: July 2013

Numerous papers have been published reporting on specific applications of 3D immersive virtual worlds in higher education, but there have been few attempts to systematically analyse and document views, experiences and applications across the sector. Presented in this chapter are selected results and findings from a questionnaire (n = 117), which was administered as part of a DEHub-funded scoping study of the use of 3D immersive virtual worlds in Australia and New Zealand for learning and teaching in distance/online, face-to-face and blended settings. The overall research design of the scoping study is discussed, followed by selected information from the questionnaire responses about the 100 subjects in which the technology was reported to have been used. This includes statistics on the subject levels, discipline areas, delivery modes, virtual world platforms used and whether the virtual world-based tasks were compulsory and/or assessable. Finally, the chapter reports on data collected from a subset of the respondents who provided more detailed information about their subjects in a number of areas, namely the nature of the in-world activities undertaken by students, the funding and support obtained for the initiative, whether dedicated development was carried out, views on the most successful aspects and the problems encountered.
Second Life
Authors: Masters Yvonne , Gregory Sue
Published: July 2013

An increasing number of educational institutions are trialling the use of virtual worlds as teaching and learning environments, particularly for distance education students. In 2009 the authors have begun a research project to explore the efficacy of one such virtual world, Second Life, as a viable adjunct to other online learning experiences. However, it is now recognised that most academics have no experience of teaching in a virtual world. An integral aspect of our research is to examine whether a novice user of Second Life could quickly learn to teach effectively with this tool. The teaching experience is outlined from two points of view: the novice and the expert. The emergent themes are discussed and conclusions are made regarding the efficacy of Second Life as a teaching and learning environment for distance education students and the level of support that might be needed to assist other novices to teach in-world.
Learning Relationships
Authors: Rossi Dolene
Published: July 2013

This chapter reports research which examines the processes of, and relationship between, learner-learner interaction and knowledge construction within an online undergraduate communication course. Vygotsky’s theory of development serves as a sensitising framework for the investigation. The research strategy is a single case study with an embedded case design. Social network analysis and constant comparative method are utilised to analyse data collected from the case. The results reveal how a single cohort of learners interacts and construct knowledge within large and small groups using asynchronous and synchronous communication. A substantive theory, which explains the conditions, interactions and consequences of learning relationships in online contexts, has been constructed. The research has important implications for educational practice as it reveals a range of conditions which are conducive for learner-learner interaction, dialogic learning and a sense of community in online courses.
Distance Learners’ Study-Related Interactions with Other People in their Life-Contexts
Authors: Watson Sharon
Published: July 2013

Distance learners are typically embedded within rich and complex life-contexts that comprise family, friends, work colleagues, and community connections. However, relatively few studies explore the interplay between distance learners’ life-contexts and their studies and none examine the study-related interactions distance learners engage in with other people in their life-contexts. Changes currently occurring in the higher education sector, including the emergence of postgraduate lifelong learners, mean this position is becoming untenable. This research note provides an overview of a study currently under development that is intended to shed light on this unexplored phenomena.