bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Regulation of the Mucosal Mast Cell–Specific Protease Genes Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 by GATA and Smad Transcription Factors
Authors: Kasakura Kazumi , Nagata Kazuki , Miura Ryosuke , Iida Mayu , Nakaya Hikaru , Okada Hikaru , Arai Takahiro , Arai Takahiro , Kawakami Yuko , Kawakami Toshiaki , Yashiro Takuya , Nishiyama Chiharu
Published: January 2020

Mouse mast cell proteases (mMCP)-1 and -2 are specifically expressed in mucosal mast cells (MCs). However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 genes induced in mucosal MCs is largely unknown. In the current study, we found that TGF-β stimulation drastically induced upregulation of Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 mRNA in mouse bone marrow–derived MCs (BMMCs). TGF-β–induced expression of Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 was markedly suppressed by transfection with small interfering RNA targeting Smad2 or Smad4 and moderately reduced by Smad3 small interfering RNA. We next examined the roles of the hematopoietic cell–specific transcription factors GATA1 and GATA2 in the expression of Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 and demonstrated that knockdown of GATA1 and GATA2 reduced the mRNA levels of Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 in BMMCs. The recruitment of GATA2 and acetylation of histone H4 of the highly conserved GATA–Smad motifs, which were localized in the distal regions of the Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 genes, were markedly increased by TGF-β stimulation, whereas the level of GATA2 binding to the proximal GATA motif was not affected by TGF-β. A reporter assay showed that TGF-β stimulation upregulated GATA2-mediated transactivation activity in a GATA–Smad motif-dependent manner. We also observed that GATA2 and Smad4 interacted in TGF-β–stimulated BMMCs via immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TGF-β induced mMCP-1 and -2 expression by accelerating the recruitment of GATA2 to the proximal regions of the Mcpt1 and Mcpt2 genes in mucosal MCs.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Fbw7 Regulates the Survival of Mature B Cells
Authors: Ramezani-Rad Parham , Leung Charlotte R. , Apgar John R. , Rickert Robert C.
Published: January 2020

Mature naive B cells expressing BCRs of the IgM and IgD isotypes respond to Ag in secondary lymphoid organs. However, the vast majority of B cells do not undergo productive Ag encounter and have finite life spans dependent on survival signals propagated by the BCR and the BAFFR. In this study, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbw7 is required for the maintenance of mature B cell populations in mice. BCR stimulation of B cells induced substantial apoptosis along with proliferative and growth defects upon the loss of Fbw7. Analysis of B cell proteomes revealed aberrant signaling patterns, including lower Bcl2 and diminished NF-κB signaling. Further, excessive accumulation of Fbw7 substrate c-Myc, increased Bim expression, and loss of PI3K signaling mediated apoptosis downstream of BCR signaling. In accordance, strong prosurvival signals delivered through ectopic expression of BCL2 in B cells could largely rescue apoptotic cells in the absence of Fbw7. Overall, this study reveals an unexpected role for Fbw7 in the survival and fitness of mature B cells.
الصداع التوتري النفسي وعلاقته بجلد الذات والأليكسيثيميا لدى عينة من طالبات الدراسات العليا بجامعة الملك عبدالعزيز دراسة وصفية ارتباطية تحليلية
Authors: سوزان صدقة عبد العزيز بسيوني    دينا خالد معتوق مؤمنة سوزان صدقة عبد العزيز بسيوني    دينا خالد معتوق مؤمنة
Published: January 2020

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الصداع التوتري النفسي وعلاقته بجلد الذات والأليكسيثيميا لدى عينة من طالبات الدراسات العليا بجامعة الملك عبد العزيز، وقد استخدمت الدراسة مقياس الصداع التوتري(النفسي)زينب شقير(2003)،مقياس إيذاء الذات زينب شقير(2006)، مقياس الأليكسيثيميا علاء الدين كفافي(2011)،ولقد بلغت عينة الدراسة 82 من طالبات الدراسات العليا بجامعة الملك عبدالعزيز، وقد استخدمت الدراسة معامل ارتباط بيرسون، معامل كرونباخ – ألفا، التكرارات والنسب المئوية اختبار"ت"(T-test) لعينتين مستقلتين واختبار تحليل التباين الأحادي (One Way Anova)،لأكثر من عينيتين مستقلتين، وتوصلت الدراسة الحالية إلى عدد من النتائج والتي تتمثل في: يوجد ارتباط دال احصائيا عند مستوى0.01بين الصداع التوتري ككل وجلد الذات ككل، وكلا من المحاور(الإيذاء الجسدي، والإيذاء (الوجداني والفكري)، وحرمان الذات).يوجد ارتباط دال احصائيا عند مستوى0.01بين الصداع التوتري والأليكسيثيمياككل، وكلا من بعدي (صعوبة تحديد الاحاسيس، صعوبة وصف الاحاسيس). لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05)بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول جلد الذات بجميع محاوره لاختلاف متغير العمر، الوظيفة. توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05) بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول إهمال الذات لاختلاف متغير الوظيفة، وذلك بين(إداري-طالب)لصالح إداري. توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05)بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول الدرجة الكلية لمقياس إيذاء الذات ومحوريه(الإيذاء الجسدي، حرمان الذات)،تعزى لاختلاف متغير الحالة الاجتماعية لصالح أعزب. لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05)بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول الدرجة الكلية لجلد الذات بجميع محاوره لاختلاف متغير المؤهل العلمي، الحالة الاجتماعية. لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05)بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول الأليكسيثميا بجميع محاوره لاختلاف متغير العمر، الوظيفة، المؤهل العلمي. لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة(??0.05)بين متوسطات استجابة أفراد العينة حول الدرجة الكلية لجلد الذات بجميع محاوره لاختلاف متغير الحالة الاجتماعية.
بِنَاءُ الْمُفَارَقَةِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ النِّسَائِيَّةِ السُّعُوْدِيَّةِ، مُقَارَبَةٌ سَرْدِيَّةٌ مُوَازَنَةٌ بَيْنَ رِوَايَتَيْ الوَارِفَةِ لِأُمَيْمَةَ الخَمِيْسِ وَعُيُوْنٍ قَذِرَةٍ لِقُمَاشَةَ الْعَلْيَانِ
Authors: إسماعيل محمود محمد إسماعيل محمود محمد
Published: January 2020

تحاولُ الدراسةُ معرفةَ قدرةِ المبدعةِ السعوديةِ على ولوجِ معتركِ المفارقةِ، كما تتطرق الدراسة إلى المقَارَبَة السَرْدِيَّة الموَازَنَة بَيْنَ رِوَايَتَيْ الوَارِفَةِ لِأُمَيْمَةَ الخَمِيْسِ وَعُيُوْنٍ قَذِرَةٍ لِقُمَاشَةَ الْعَلْيَانِ بوصفه محكًّا آخر للدراسة، وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان أن بناء المفارقة يشكّل ظاهرة في الروايتين، ويتمدد في النسيج السّردي لهما مشكّلا ملمحا لغويّا محرّضا على الاكتشاف والمعالجة، كما أنها تسعى إلى التجديد في الدراسات السردية رغبةً في فتح آفاق جديدة أمام الدراسين، وحرصا على عدم التقوقع أمام الطرائق التقليدية المتوارثة، وبيان أن الموازنة وجهة صالحة لاكتشاف أسرار الإبداع الروائي، بما يعين على إظهار أنواع المفارقة ورصد أوجه التشابه والاختلاف بين الروايتين
An Overview of Web Intelligence
Authors: أ.د. محمد أديب غنيمي أ.د. محمد أديب غنيمي
Published: January 2020

. This paper gives an overview of Web intelligence which will
enable the current Web to reach the Wisdom level by containing
Distributed, Integrated, and Active knowledge. In this case it will be
capable of performing tasks like problem solving and questionanswering. In addition, it will be capable of processing and
understanding natural languages. Web intelligence draws results from
a number of disciplines like: Artificial intelligence, Information
technology. Mathematics and Physics, Psychology and Linguistics.
The paper covers the following topics: Web evolution and
architecture, Topics related to Web intelligence, The Deep Web,
Semantic computing and the Semantic Web, The Wisdom Web,
Precisiated Natural Language.
Interactive Virtual Reality Cognitive Learning Model for
Performance Evaluation of Math Manipulatives
Authors: لمياء داغستاني،  وهناء النعيم، وزهجي زو وعبدالحميد رجب+ لمياء داغستاني+،  وهناء النعيم، وزهجي زو وعبدالحميد رجب
Published: January 2020

Applications of virtual reality in E-Learning are gaining
more popularity due to its interactive characteristics of virtual
environments that can be offered. One unique example of this
application is the use of virtual manipulatives, since they can be
implemented on PCs economically for teaching students interactively
in schools and universities. They enable students to learn mathematics
thoroughly by easily providing computer-generated dynamic objects,
allowing them to explore abstract mathematical concepts in a handson mode experince. In this paper, an implemented virtual reality based
math virtual manipulatives is presented. A cognitive virtual reality
learning model is also introduced. Performance evaluation of the
virtual manipulatives, for several case studies, is achieved.
Comparisons between the 2- Dimensions (2D) Java applets from
National Library Virtual Manipulatives (NLVM) and the developed
Java 3D Virtual Reality Math Manipulatives (VRMM) cases are
performed. Results of the practical analysis for student grades show
that VR enhances student learning of addition and subtraction
operations in the VRMM, and it achieves superior results than the
NLVM.
A New Technique Based on Intensity Distribution Graphs
for the Extraction of Traffic Flow Rate and Vehicle Speed
Authors: G. Abo Samra and O. AbdulKader G. Abo Samra and O. AbdulKader
Published: January 2020

This paper introduces a new visual system which allows
analysis of traffic behavior on freeways and highways, using a video
camera mounted on a relatively high place (such as a bridge). A new
technique based on spatial and temporal intensity distribution is
introduced to determine the road traffic parameters: average speed
(AVSP) and average flow rate (AVFL). After performing many steps
including automatic detection of the Region Of Interest (ROI) and
camera orientation, background subtraction and Inverse Perspective
Mapping (IPM), an Intensity Distribution Graph (IDG) is built for the
current frame. The (IDG) is then transformed into a single Grayscale
Image Line (GIL). A certain number (N) of GILs representing N
frames are concatenated to build a Vehicle Tracking Diagram image
(VTD) which gives a whole view of the traffic flow in the ROI during
a specific period T. Using the VTD we can visualize the vehicles
trajectories, speeds and estimate AVFL. By applying edge detection
and Hough Line transform on the VTD, AVSP is estimated. The
system has been implemented using MATLAB as an offline
application. The results were encouraging, reaching 97% accuracy for
the AVSP and AVFL. Further code optimization is needed for online
monitoring.
Lexical Noise Analysis and Removal in
Intelligent Search Engines
Authors: Tareq Jaber Tareq Jaber
Published: January 2020

In the field of intelligent information retrieval (IR), latent
semantic indexing (LSI) is a popular technique used to retrieve
information related more in meaning than in lexical matching. This
technique overcomes the problems associated with synonymy and
polysemy (common causes of inaccuracy in matching algorithms). A
core component in the process is the use of the singular value
decomposition (SVD) which acts as a mathematical model for the
lexical noise in the term document matrix (TDM). This paper
investigates various aspects of LSI from the viewpoint of noise
modeling and removal in image processing. A discussion about and an
investigation into, mathematical modeling for lexical noise in the
TDM is presented. The work addresses a definition for noise in text
processing and seeks to determine the best structure of the TDM. In
other words, the structure of the TDM that would facilitate efficient
searching within the LSI.
Enhancement of DTW Algorithm in on-Line Signature
Mapping Using the Lost-Box Recovery Algorithm
Authors: Mohd Taib Wahid Mohd Taib Wahid
Published: January 2020

Signature is a common practice as a way of identifies
authentication or verification. Signature On-line validation and
authentication is a field of authenticating the time series signature data
which is generally acquired from the tablet-based device. Different
from common traditional signature image, the on-line signature image
data contain number of points that are arranged in sequence of time.
The aim of this research is to enhance existing approach to map the
strokes in both test and reference signatures. Current methods make
use of the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm and its deviate to
segment them before comparing each of its data dimension. This study
suggesting a modified DTW algorithm with the proposed Missed
Nodes Recovery Algorithm aims to improve the mapping
performance.
Finding New KPIs for Faculty of Computing and
Information Technology at KAU
Authors: Kamal M. Jambi, Hasanain M .Al-Barhatoshy Kamal M. Jambi, Hasanain M .Al-Barhatoshy
Published: January 2020

This paper presents key performance indicators (KPIs) for
the Faculty of Computing and Information Technology (FCIT) at
King Abdulaziz University (KAU). The objective of this work is to
find out the answer of the following: (a) Are grades of English courses
(ELCS101, ELCS102) and CPIT201 valid measures of student
performance? (b) Can the Math course (MATH 110) be used as an
indicator? (c) Can the GPA of the common courses of our faculty
(CPCS202, CPIT201, CPIT221, STAT210, ISLS 101) be used as a
measure to determine the selection of the major: Computer Science
(CS), Information Technology (IT), or Information System (IS)? (d)
How can we use features of IT-Blocks in our study?, and (e) The
gender issue (i.e. why girls outperform boys) in our faculty?).
Also the following Key indicators can be drawn from this paper:
Overall Pass Rate, Retention Rate, Program Completion Rate,
Average course/year hour load and First time Graduate Students.
О хроматических числах некоторых дистанционных графов
Authors: Zakharov Dmitriy Andreevich
Published: January 2020

Для натуральных чисел $n > r > s$ определим граф $G(n,r,s)$:
вершинами этого графа являются $r$-элементные подмножества
$n$-элементного множества, пара множеств смежна, если их пересечение
содержит ровно $s$ элементов. В этой работе мы изучаем
хроматические числа этого семейства графов. В частности,
найдено точное значение хроматического числа $G(n,3,2)$
для бесконечно многих $n$. Также мы улучшаем
наилучшие известные верхние оценки хроматических чисел
для многих значений параметров $r$, $s$
и всех достаточно больших $n$.
Библиография: 21 название.
Обобщенная абсолютная сходимость простых и
двойных рядов по мультипликативным системам
Authors: Volosivets Sergei Sergeevich , Kuznetsova Maria Andreevna
Published: January 2020

В статье изучаются ряды из одномерных и
двумерных коэффициентов Фурье по мультипликативным системам $\chi$
(с образующей ограниченной последовательностью
${\mathbf P}=\{p_i\}^\infty_{i=1}$) с весами,
удовлетворяющими условиям типа Гоголадзе-Месхиа.
Установлены достаточные условия сходимости таких рядов
для обобщенно-непрерывных функций и функций
из ${\mathbf P}$-нарного пространства Харди.
Исследуется неулучшаемость этих условий.
Также установлены достаточные условия
обобщенной абсолютной сходимости
для функций ограниченной $(\Lambda,\Psi)$-флуктуации.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Связь кодов и идемпотентов в диэдральной групповой алгебре
Authors: Vedenev Kirill Vladimirovich , Deundyak Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: January 2020

Исследуются коды
в диэдральной групповой алгебре $\mathbb{F}_qD_{2n}$,
т.е. левые идеалы в этой алгебре. Для всякого кода
в $\mathbb{F}_qD_{2n}$, заданного своим образом
в разложении Веддербeрна этой алгебры,
построен порождающий идемпотент.
С помощью выделенного набора идемпотентов построено
обратное преобразование Веддербeрна алгебры $\mathbb{F}_qD_{2n}$.
Непосредственно по порождающим идемпотентам некоторых кодов
удается описать их образ при разложении Веддербeрна.
Рассмотрены примеры применения полученных результатов
к индуцированным кодам.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Замечания о сверхразрешимости группы с простыми
индексами некоторых подгрупп
Authors: Monakhov Victor Stepanovich , Trofimuk Alexander Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2020

В работе получена характеризация конечной группы, у которой для
любого простого $p$ каждая максимальная подгруппа из силовской
$p$-подгруппы содержится в подгруппе индекса $p$; в частности,
такие группы сверхразрешимы. Доказано, что группа $G$ сверхразрешима
тогда и только тогда, когда для каждого простого $p\in\pi(G)$
существует сверхразрешимая подгруппа индекса $p$. Установлены новые
свойства групп, содержащих две сверхразрешимые подгруппы различных
простых индексов.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Энергетическая функция Морса для топологических потоков
с конечным гиперболическим цепно-рекуррентным множеством
на поверхностях
Authors: Pochinka Olga Vital'evna , Zinina Svetlana Khalilovna
Published: January 2020

Функцией Ляпунова для потока на многообразии называется
непрерывная функция, которая убывает вдоль орбит
вне цепно-рекуррентного множества и является константой
на каждой цепной компоненте. В силу результатов Ч. Конли
такая функция существует для любого потока,
порожденного непрерывным векторным полем, а сам факт существования
носит название "фундаментальная теорема динамических систем".
Если множество критических точек функции Ляпунова совпадает
с цепно-рекуррентным множеством потока, то такая функция называется
энергетической функцией. В настоящей работе рассматриваются
топологические потоки с конечным гиперболическим
(в топологическом смысле) цепно-рекуррентным множеством
на замкнутых поверхностях. Авторами доказано, что любой такой поток
обладает энергетической (непрерывной) функцией Морса.
Работа является идейным продолжением работ С. Смейла и К. Мейера,
в которых установлено существование
гладкой энергетической функции Морса
у любого градиентно-подобного потока на многообразии.
Библиография: 6 названий.
О существовании обобщенного решения в целом по времени одной задачи со свободной границей
Authors: Meirmanov Anvarbek Mukatovich , Galtseva Oksana Aleksandrovna , Seldemirov V E
Published: January 2020

Рассматривается задача со свободной (неизвестной) границей
для одномерного уравнения диффузии-конвекции. Неизвестная граница
находится по дополнительному условию на свободной границе.
Растяжением переменных задача в неизвестной области сводится
к начально-краевой задаче для строго параболического уравнения
с неизвестными коэффициентами в известной области. Эти коэффициенты
находятся по дополнительному краевому условию, которое позволяет
построить нелинейный оператор, неподвижные точки которого
определяют решение исходной задачи.
Библиография: 11 названий.
О непрерывности наилучших приближений постоянными
на шарах в метрических пространствах с мерой
Authors: Katkovskaya Irina Nikolaevna , Krotov Veniamin Grigoryevich
Published: January 2020

В работе изучаются условия для непрерывности и полунепрерывности
постоянных наилучшего приближения в метрике пространств $L^p(B)$,
как функций от центра шара $B$ фиксированного радиуса в метрическом
пространстве с борелевской мерой.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to self-medication with antimicrobials in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Sambakusi Cecilia S
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe use of antimicrobials is associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and self-medication increases the risk of the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding self-medication with antimicrobials among residents in Lilongwe, Malawi.MethodologyThis study has a cross-sectional, mixed-methods design. We conducted two focus group discussions (n=15) to describe community attitudes towards self-medication with antimicrobials and used a structured questionnaire to collect data on individual KAP regarding self-medication from 105 respondents.ResultsSelf-medication was common, and the sources of these medicines were market vendors, pharmacies, drugs shared with friends and family and those leftover from previous treatments. The lack of medical supplies, long distances to health facilities, poor attitudes of medical professionals towards patients, and past experience with the disease and treatment are the main factors that influence self-medication. KAP respondents had little knowledge of antimicrobials, their use, or any awareness of AMR. Seventy-four per cent (n=78) were unable to differentiate antimicrobials from other categories of medicines, and 92.4% wrongly responded that antimicrobials could be used to stop a fever. Concerning attitudes towards self-medication, over 54% wrongly believe that antimicrobials are effective in treating common colds. In regard to practice, 53% reported that they would use antimicrobials to treat upper respiratory infections, and 41% agreed that they must complete antibiotic therapy even if they are improving. Logistic regression analysis found that stocking antimicrobials at home for future use significantly promotes self-medication whereas an awareness of AMR would reduce self-medication.ConclusionSelf-medication is a public health risk that needs to be addressed urgently. Findings from this study point to the need for multifaceted interventions.
Las ecuaciones de Saint Venant para la modelización de avalanchas de nieve densa
Authors: Sanz-Ramos M. , Bladé E. , Torralba A. , Oller P.
Published: January 2020

La creciente preocupación por los riesgos naturales, como las avalanchas de nieve, ha propiciado el desarrollo de modelos numéricos ad hoc como una herramienta de soporte para su análisis y evaluación. Los modelos existentes para simulación de aludes se basan en la conservación de la masa y de la cantidad de movimiento, que son unas ecuaciones similares a las ecuaciones de Saint Venant para agua con diferencias sólo en los términos de fricción (modelo reológico). Este documento muestra las posibilidades de estas ecuaciones para simular avalanchas de placa-densa y el tratamiento numérico realizado en Iber. Se ha empleado una nueva metodología para equilibrar el término fuente y el vector de flujo evitando así oscilaciones espurias y movimientos no reales, y que modifica la pendiente de fondo en base a los parámetros del fluido y así detener su movimiento. La herramienta se ha probado en dos casos de estudio para analizar el comportamiento del fluido en función de los parámetros del modelo reológico.
Assembly line balancing by using axiomatic design principles: An application from cooler manufacturing industry
Authors: Yilmaz Ö. F. , Demirel Ö. F. , Zaim S. , Sevim S.
Published: January 2020

The philosophy of production without waste is the fundamental belief behind lean manufacturing that should be adopted by enterprises. One of the waste elimination methods is assembly line balancing for lean manufacturing, i.e. Yamazumi. The assembly line balancing is to assign tasks to the workstations by minimizing the number of workstations to the required values. There should be no workstation with the excessively high or low workload, and all workstations must ideally work with balanced workloads. Accordingly, in this study, the axiomatic design method is applied for assembly line balancing in order to achieve maximum output with the installed capacity. In order to achieve this aim, all improvement opportunities are defined and utilized as an output of the study. Computational results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce operators’ idle time by 12%, imbalance workload between workstations by 38%, and the total number of workers by 12%. As a result of these improvements, the production volume is increased by 23%.
Esp teaching in contemporary medical education in Brazil
Authors: Gutierres Athany , Lindemann Ivana Loraine , Menoncini Cláudia
Published: January 2020

The early 2000s have witnessed significant changes in medical education in Brazil, especially because of the creation of the More Doctors (Mais Médicos) program in 2013 and the publication of the resolution that establishes the National Curricular Guidelines for Medicine undergraduate courses in 2014. The latter focuses on a human, critical and socially responsible education, which comprehends the development of the proficiency in a foreign language, preferably a lingua franca. The objective of this paper is to map the inclusion of foreign languages, particularly English, in Political Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) from public medical schools between the years 2013-2019. Online bibliographical research was carried out and data were collected from the e-MEC system and the PPPs. Descriptive statistics have shown that 65.1% of Medicine undergraduate courses (n=28) include the proficiency of a foreign language in their PPPs, being that language English in 35.7% and any other language in 64.3%; 34.9% of the institutions do not incorporate any foreign language at all. Although the majority of medical schools seem to be conforming with the National Curricular Guidelines, there might be still a gap between targeted English language practices and their association to health education and the promotion of healthcare actions.
Asymmetrical Relations in Audiovisual Translation in Brazil: A Corpus-based investigation of Fixed Expressions
Authors: Soares Domingos
Published: January 2020

This study aims to investigate, in dubbed and subtitled versions of the films Madagascar (2005) and Ice Age (2002), how fixed expressions (Moon, 1998) are translated in dubbing and subtitling methods and to examine how employing domestication and foreignisation (Venuti, 1995) can undermine or reinforce the asymmetrical relations, here defined by globalisation as discussed by Venuti (1998) and Cronin (2003, 2009). The analysis is carried out through reference and parallel corpus (Baker, 1995). Final results show that subtitling, rather than dubbing, is more prone to adopt foreignising strategies with regard to the translation of fixed expressions. Additionally, there have been identified, in the subtitled versions of the corpus, translation instances that deliberately move away from target language fixed expressions.
The level of accordance between preoperative and postoperative diagnosis in patients undergoing adrenalectomy – a study of 230 consecutive cases
Authors: Aporowicz Michał , Domosławski Paweł , Kaliszewski Krzysztof , Sutkowski Krzysztof , Kubicka Eliza , Bolanowski Marek
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Patients are qualified for an adrenalectomy due to endocrine or oncologic reasons. Final histopathological diagnoses include a wide spectrum of more than a dozen entities. The aim of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative diagnoses of patients undergoing adrenalectomy to determine the level of diagnostic accuracy, as well as sex and age of patients.

Material and methods

A group of 214 patients (230 specimens in total) operated on in a single center was studied and their demographic and pathological data were investigated.

Results

The majority of diagnoses were characterized by both high positive predictive value and sensitivity, excluding pheochromocytoma (60.0% and 67.7%, respectively) and adrenal cyst (100% and 37.5%, respectively). Patients operated on due to Cushing’s syndrome were statistically significantly more often females (p = 0.009), while those with metastases (diagnosed both pre- and postoperatively) were more often males (both p = 0.001). Patients qualified due to non-functioning tumors were older than those with Cushing’s or Conn’s syndrome (p = 0.044 and p = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions

The lowest diagnostic accuracy is observed in cases of pheochromocytoma and adrenal cyst. Meticulous preparation of the patient for hormonal tests, including discontinuation of certain medications, is essential for obtaining accurate results. The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome is more prevalent in females, while metastasis syndrome is more prevalent in males. Adrenocortical carcinoma may initially be diagnosed as a non-functioning tumor (1.6% of such cases) or a recurrence of a previously resected tumor, which should always raise a suspicion of a malignant neoplasm.
Effect of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio on survival in septic patients: an observational cohort study
Authors: Hu Xiang , Qin Xiaoyi , Gu Xiaolong , Wang Hailong , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential relationship of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with outcomes of septic patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Material and methods

3087 septic patients were included in the final cohort by using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. We evaluated the association of different groups of LMRmax with 28-day survival and 1-year survival via Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and Cox regression analysis. Subgroups analysis of LMRmax was performed to further explore the effect of LMRmax on survival.

Results

According to the optimal cut-off value, the cohort was divided into low-LMRmax and high-LMRmax groups. The 28-day and 1-year survival rates were 47.9% and 19.9%, respectively, in the low-LMRmax group, and 60.4% and 25.9%, respectively, in the high-LMRmax group. Univariate logistic regression and K-M analyses revealed that the 28-day and 1-year survival rates of the high-LMRmax group were higher than those of the low-LMRmax group (both p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis of LMRmax identified a significant stepwise decrease in the risk of death at 28 days and 1 year from group 1 to group 4 (LMRmax increased gradually) after adjustment for multiple variables.

Conclusions

We report for the first time that a lower LMRmax value is independently predictive of a poor prognosis in septic patients. Therefore, as an inexpensive and readily available indicator, LMRmax may facilitate stratification of prognosis in septic patients.
Transport of short-lived halocarbons to the stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Filus Michal T. , Atlas Elliot L. , Navarro Maria A. , Meneguz Elena , Thomson David , Ashfold Matthew J. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Andrews Stephen J. , Harris Neil R. P.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The effectiveness of transport of short-lived halocarbons to the
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere remains an important uncertainty in
quantifying the supply of ozone-depleting substances to the stratosphere. In
early 2014, a major field campaign in Guam in the western Pacific, involving UK
and US research aircraft, sampled the tropical troposphere and lower
stratosphere. The resulting measurements of CH3I, CHBr3 and
CH2Br2 are compared here with calculations from a Lagrangian
model. This methodology benefits from an updated convection scheme that
improves simulation of the effect of deep convective motions on particle
distribution within the tropical troposphere. We find that the observed
CH3I, CHBr3 and CH2Br2 mixing ratios in the tropical
tropopause layer (TTL) are consistent with those in the boundary layer when
the new convection scheme is used to account for convective transport. More
specifically, comparisons between modelled estimates and observations of
short-lived CH3I indicate that the updated convection scheme is
realistic up to the lower TTL but is less good at reproducing the small
number of extreme convective events in the upper TTL. This study
consolidates our understanding of the transport of short-lived halocarbons
to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by using improved model
calculations to confirm consistency between observations in the boundary
layer, observations in the TTL and atmospheric transport processes. Our
results support recent estimates of the contribution of short-lived
bromocarbons to the stratospheric bromine budget.
Peroxy radical chemistry and the volatility basis set
Authors: Schervish Meredith , Donahue Neil M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Gas-phase autoxidation of organics can generate highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and thus increase secondary organic aerosol production and enable new-particle formation.
Here we present a new implementation of the volatility basis set (VBS) that explicitly resolves peroxy radical (RO2) products formed via autoxidation.
The model includes a strong temperature dependence for autoxidation as well as explicit termination of RO2, including reactions with NO, HO2, and other RO2.
The RO2 cross-reactions can produce dimers (ROOR).
We explore the temperature and NOx dependence of this chemistry, showing that temperature strongly influences the intrinsic volatility distribution and that NO can suppress autoxidation under conditions typically found in the atmosphere.
Constraining the accuracy of flux estimates using OTM 33A
Authors: Edie Rachel , Robertson Anna M. , Field Robert A. , Soltis Jeffrey , Snare Dustin A. , Zimmerle Daniel , Bell Clay S. , Vaughn Timothy L. , Murphy Shane M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Other Test Method 33A (OTM 33A) is a near-source flux measurement method
developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primarily used to
locate and estimate emission fluxes of methane from oil and gas (O&G)
production facilities without requiring site access. A recent national
estimate of methane emissions from O&G production included a large number of
flux measurements of upstream O&G facilities made using OTM 33A and
concluded the EPA National Emission Inventory underestimates this sector by a
factor of ∼2.1 (Alvarez et al., 2018). The study presented here
investigates the accuracy of OTM 33A through a series of test releases
performed at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC), a
facility designed to allow quantified amounts of natural gas to be released
from decommissioned O&G equipment to simulate emissions from real facilities
(Fig. 1). This study includes test releases from single and
multiple points, from equipment locations at different heights, and spanned
methane release rates ranging from 0.16 to 2.15  kg h−1. Approximately
95 % of individual measurements (N=45) fell within ±70 % of
the known release rate. A simple linear regression of OTM 33A versus known
release rates at the METEC site gives an average slope of 0.96 with 95 %
CI (0.66,1.28), suggesting that an ensemble of OTM 33A measurements may
have a small but statistically insignificant low bias.
Establishment of AIRS Climate-Level Radiometric Stability using Radiance Anomaly Retrievals of Minor Gases and SST
Authors: Strow L. Larrabee , DeSouza-Machado Sergio
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Temperature, H2O, and O3 profiles, as well as CO2, N2O, CH4, CFC12, and SST scalar anomalies are computed using a clear subset of AIRS observations over ocean for the first 16-years of NASA's EOS-AQUA AIRS operation. The AIRS Level 1c radiances are averaged over 16 days and 40 equal-area zonal bins and then converted to brightness temperature anomalies. Geophysical anomalies are retrieved from the brightness temperature anomalies using a relatively standard optimal estimation approach. The CO2, N2O, CH4, and CFC12 anomalies are derived by applying a vertically uniform multiplicative shift to each gas in order to obtain an estimate for the ngas mixing ratio. The minor gas anomalies are compared to the NOAA ESRL in-situ values and used to estimate the radiometric stability of the AIRS radiances. Similarly the retrieved SST anomalies are compared to the SST values used in the ERA-Interim reanalysis and to NOAA's OISST SST product. These inter-comparisons strongly suggest that many AIRS channels are stable to better than 0.02 to 0.03 K/Decade, well below climate trend levels, indicating that the AIRS blackbody is not drifting. However, detailed examination of the anomaly retrieval residuals (observed minus computed) show various small unphysical shifts that correspond to AIRS hardware events (shutdowns, etc.). Some examples are given highlighting how the AIRS radiances stability could be improved, especially for channels sensitive to N2O and CH4. The AIRS short wave channels exhibit larger drifts that make them unsuitable for climate trending, and they are avoided in this work. The AIRS Level 2 surface temperature retrievals only use short wave channels. We summarize how these short wave drifts impacts recently published comparisons of AIRS surface temperature trends to other surface climatologies.
The carbon footprint of a Malaysian tropical reservoir: measured versus modelled estimates highlight the underestimated key role of downstream processes
Authors: Soued Cynthia , Prairie Yves T.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Reservoirs are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the
atmosphere, and their number is rapidly increasing, especially in tropical
regions. Accurately predicting their current and future emissions is
essential but hindered by fragmented data on the subject, which often fail
to include all emission pathways (surface diffusion, ebullition, degassing,
and downstream emissions) and the high spatial and temporal flux
variability. Here we conducted a comprehensive sampling of Batang Ai
reservoir (Malaysia), and compared field-based versus modelled estimates of
its annual carbon footprint for each emission pathway. Carbon dioxide
(CO2) and methane (CH4) surface diffusion were higher in upstream
reaches. Reducing spatial and temporal sampling resolution resulted in up to a 64 % and 33 % change in the flux estimate, respectively. Most GHGs present in
discharged water were degassed at the turbines, and the remainder were
gradually emitted along the outflow river, leaving time for CH4 to be
partly oxidized to CO2. Overall, the reservoir emitted 2475 gCO2eqm-2yr-1, with 89 % occurring downstream of the dam, mostly in
the form of CH4. These emissions, largely underestimated by
predictions, are mitigated by CH4 oxidation upstream and downstream of
the dam but could have been drastically reduced by slightly raising the
water intake elevation depth. CO2 surface diffusion and CH4
ebullition were lower than predicted, whereas modelled CH4 surface
diffusion was accurate. Investigating latter discrepancies, we conclude that
exploring morphometry, soil type, and stratification patterns as predictors
can improve modelling of reservoir GHG emissions at local and global scales.
Spatial variations in CO2 fluxes in the Saguenay Fjord (Quebec, Canada) and results of a water mixing model
Authors: Delaigue Louise , Thomas Helmuth , Mucci Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Saguenay Fjord is a major tributary of the St.
Lawrence Estuary and is strongly stratified. A 6–8 m wedge of brackish water
typically overlies up to 270 m of seawater. Relative to the St. Lawrence
River, the surface waters of the Saguenay Fjord are less alkaline and host
higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. In view of the latter,
surface waters of the fjord are expected to be a net source of CO2 to
the atmosphere, as they partly originate from the flushing of organic-rich
soil porewaters. Nonetheless, the CO2 dynamics in the fjord are
modulated with the rising tide by the intrusion, at the surface, of brackish
water from the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary, as well as an overflow of mixed
seawater over the shallow sill from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary. Using
geochemical and isotopic tracers, in combination with an optimization
multiparameter algorithm (OMP), we determined the relative contribution of
known source waters to the water column in the Saguenay Fjord, including
waters that originate from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary and replenish the
fjord's deep basins. These results, when included in a conservative mixing
model and compared to field measurements, serve to identify the dominant
factors, other than physical mixing, such as biological activity
(photosynthesis, respiration) and gas exchange at the air–water interface,
that impact the water properties (e.g., pH, pCO2) of the fjord. Results
indicate that the fjord's surface waters are a net source of CO2 to the
atmosphere during periods of high freshwater discharge (e.g., spring
freshet), whereas they serve as a net sink of atmospheric CO2 when their
practical salinity exceeds ∼5–10.
Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Nissen Cara , Vogt Meike
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The high-latitude Southern Ocean phytoplankton community is shaped by the competition between Phaeocystis and silicifying diatoms, with the relative abundance of these two groups controlling primary and export production, the production of dimethylsulfide, the ratio of silicic acid and nitrate available in the water column, and the structure of the food web. Here, we investigate this competition using a regional physical-biogeochemical-ecological model (ROMS-BEC) configured at eddy-permitting resolution for the Southern Ocean south of 35° S. We extended ROMS-BEC by an explicit parameterization of Phaeocystis colonies, so that the model, together with the previous addition of an explicit coccolithophore type, now includes all biogeochemically relevant Southern Ocean phytoplankton types. We find that Phaeocystis contribute 46 % and 40 % to annual NPP and POC export south of 60° S, respectively, making them an important contributor to high-latitude carbon cycling. In our simulation, the relative importance of Phaeocystis and diatoms is mainly controlled by the temporal variability in temperature and iron availability. The higher light sensitivity of Phaeocystis at low irradiances promotes the succession from Phaeocystis to diatoms in more coastal areas, such as the Ross Sea. Still, differences in the biomass loss rates, such as aggregation or grazing by zooplankton, need to be considered to explain the simulated seasonal biomass evolution.
ChinaCropPhen1km: a high-resolution crop phenological dataset for three staple crops in China during 2000–2015 based on leaf area index (LAI) products
Authors: Luo Yuchuan , Zhang Zhao , Chen Yi , Li Ziyue , Tao Fulu
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Crop phenology provides essential information for monitoring and modeling land
surface phenology dynamics and crop management and
production. Most previous studies mainly investigated crop phenology at the site
scale; however, monitoring and modeling land surface phenology dynamics at
a large scale need high-resolution spatially explicit information on crop
phenology dynamics. In this study, we produced a 1 km grid crop phenological
dataset for three main crops from 2000 to 2015 based on Global Land Surface
Satellite (GLASS) leaf area index (LAI) products, called ChinaCropPhen1km.
First, we compared three common smoothing methods and chose the most
suitable one for different crops and regions. Then, we developed an optimal
filter-based phenology detection (OFP) approach which combined both
the inflection- and threshold-based methods and detected the key phenological
stages of three staple crops at 1 km spatial resolution across China.
Finally, we established a high-resolution gridded-phenology product for
three staple crops in China during 2000–2015. Compared with the intensive
phenological observations from the agricultural meteorological stations
(AMSs) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the dataset had high
accuracy, with errors of the retrieved phenological date being less than 10 d, and
represented the spatiotemporal patterns of the observed phenological
dynamics at the site scale fairly well. The well-validated dataset can be
applied for many purposes, including improving agricultural-system or earth-system modeling over a large area (DOI of the referenced dataset:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8313530; Luo et al., 2019).
An urban ecohydrological model to quantify the effect of vegetation on urban climate and hydrology (UT&C v1.0)
Authors: Meili Naika , Manoli Gabriele , Burlando Paolo , Bou-Zeid Elie , Chow Winston T. L. , Coutts Andrew M. , Daly Edoardo , Nice Kerry A. , Roth Matthias , Tapper Nigel J. , Velasco Erik , Vivoni Enrique R. , Fatichi Simone
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Increasing urbanization is likely to intensify the urban heat island effect, decrease outdoor thermal comfort, and enhance runoff generation in cities. Urban green spaces are often proposed as a mitigation strategy to counteract these adverse effects, and many recent developments of urban climate models focus on the inclusion of green and blue infrastructure to inform urban planning. However, many models still lack the ability to account for different plant types and oversimplify the interactions between the built environment, vegetation, and hydrology.
In this study, we present an urban ecohydrological model, Urban Tethys-Chloris (UT&C), that combines principles of ecosystem modelling with an urban canopy scheme accounting for the biophysical and ecophysiological characteristics of roof vegetation, ground vegetation, and urban trees. UT&C is a fully coupled energy and water balance model that calculates 2 m air temperature, 2 m humidity, and surface temperatures based on the infinite urban canyon approach. It further calculates the urban hydrological fluxes in the absence of snow, including transpiration as a function of plant photosynthesis. Hence, UT&C accounts for the effects of different plant types on the urban climate and hydrology, as well as the effects of the urban environment on plant well-being and performance.
UT&C performs well when compared against energy flux measurements of eddy-covariance towers located in three cities in different climates (Singapore, Melbourne, and Phoenix).
A sensitivity analysis, performed as a proof of concept for the city of Singapore, shows a mean decrease in 2 m air temperature of 1.1 ∘C for fully grass-covered ground, 0.2 ∘C for high values of leaf area index (LAI), and 0.3 ∘C for high values of Vc,max (an expression of photosynthetic capacity). These reductions in temperature were combined with a simultaneous increase in relative humidity by 6.5 %, 2.1 %, and 1.6 %, for fully grass-covered ground, high values of LAI, and high values of Vc,max, respectively. Furthermore, the increase of pervious vegetated ground is able to significantly reduce surface runoff.
Asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts
Authors: Wendt Doris E. , Van Loon Anne F. , Bloomfield John P. , Hannah David M.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Groundwater use affects groundwater storage continuously, as the removal of water changes both short-term and long-term variation in groundwater level. This has implications for groundwater droughts, i.e. a below-normal groundwater level. The impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts remains unknown. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts adopting a methodological framework that consists of two approaches. The first approach compares groundwater monitoring sites that are potentially influenced by abstraction to uninfluenced sites. Observed groundwater droughts are compared in terms of drought occurrence, magnitude, and duration. The second approach consists of a groundwater trend test that investigates the impact of groundwater use on long-term groundwater level variation. This framework was applied to a case study of the UK. Four regional water management units in the UK were used, in which groundwater is monitored and abstractions are licensed. The potential influence of groundwater use was identified on the basis of relatively poor correlations between accumulated standardised precipitation and standardised groundwater level time series over a 30-year period from 1984 to 2014. Results of the first approach show two main patterns in groundwater drought characteristics. The first pattern shows an increase of shorter drought events, mostly during heatwaves or prior to a long drought event for influenced sites compared to uninfluenced sites. This pattern is found in three water management units where the long-term water balance is generally positive and annual average groundwater abstractions are smaller than recharge. The second pattern is found in one water management unit where temporarily groundwater abstractions exceeded recharge. In this case, groundwater droughts are lengthened and intensified in influenced sites. Results of the second approach show that nearly half of the groundwater time series have a significant trend, whilst trends in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration time series are negligible. Detected significant trends are both positive en negative, although positive trends dominate in most water management units. These positive trends, indicating rising groundwater levels, align with changes in water use regulation. This suggests that groundwater abstractions have reduced during the period of investigation. Further research is required to assess the impact of this change in groundwater abstractions on drought characteristics. The overall impact of groundwater use is summarised in a conceptual typology that illustrates the asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater drought occurrence, duration, and magnitude. The long-term balance between groundwater abstraction and recharge appears to be influencing this asymmetric impact, which highlights the relation between long-term and short-term sustainable groundwater use.