bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of PCB Enclosure with Aperture for Shielding 5G High Frequency
Authors: Ahmed Ikra , Mahadi Wan Nor Liza Binti
Published: December 2022

5G frequency is a new area of research, with minimal rollout in many countries. It can be sectioned into low band frequency, sub-6 GHz, and millimeter wave (mm Wave). Millimeter wave deals with frequency ranging from 24 GHz to 100 GHz. Such signals do not travel very far despite having a high transmission rate. Due to this most objects placed far away do not face electromagnetic interference (EMI) from 5G frequencies. However, the object most likely to be in danger of EMI from 5G frequencies are integrated circuit chips (ICs) on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that are found in 5G cell phones. As they are packed close to the 5G frequency source, the implementation of PCB shielding becomes imperative. In an ideal world, a perfect shield will have no aperture or defects, and shall have a very high shielding effectiveness of 100 dB. Yet, apertures are needed for thermal ventilation, inserting input or output ports, inserting microstrips as well as for visibility. Therefore, having a PCB shield with apertures and good shielding effectiveness is needed for the functionality of wireless communication technology. Recent studies have shown advances in frequency selective surface (FSS) materials, where certain frequency bands are filtered off, allowing certain bands to pass through. This paper analyzes different aperture shapes and sizes of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) to mitigate the EMI from the 5G 28 GHz high frequency range. It was found that a 1mm x 1mm size aperture in Christian cross shape provided shielding effectiveness of 33.7 dB at 28 GHz frequency range.
Leveraging Big Data for PM2.5 Prediction: A Case Study in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Neo En Xin , Hasikin Khairunnisa , Lai Khin Wee , Mokhtar Mohd Istajib , Azizan Muhammad Mokhzaini , Razak Sarah Abdul , Hizaddin Hanee Farzana
Published: December 2022

Air pollution has become a serious issue and has continually increased since the half-decade ago due to globalization. Activities such as urbanization, industrialization, power plants, agricultural open burning and natural disaster such as wildfires are the key factors in air pollution. The air pollutants produced include particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide(SO2), nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). According to the most recent revision of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), PM10 and PM2.5 were listed as the fourth most common killer out of 85 risk factors. Hence, it is important to assess air pollution, especially the particulate matter concentration in the air. In this study, we emphasize the development of PM2.5 prediction models using machine learning for air pollution evaluation in Selangor, Malaysia. This is because Selangor contributed most pollutants due to its highest population distribution in the country. The machine learning models involved are Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, KNN, SVM, and Gradient Boosting. Gradient boosting and Random Forest contributed comparable prediction results. However, gradient boosting was chosen as the best model for the prediction in this study due to the accuracy and precision in predicting the Classes of PM2.5 without misclassification. The accuracy, precision, and recall of the model are 99.9% and 99.94% for F1 score respectively.
Study of Scaling Limits of Multi-Gate Fets (Finfet) With High-K Dielectric
Authors: Goh W.Z. , Fong B. , Hussin H. , Hatta S.F. Wan Muhamad
Published: December 2022

Scaling of Multi-Gate FETs (FinFETs) to sub nanometer has seen several challenging problems such as short channel effects which significantly affect the device performance and huge off-state power leakage. High-k dielectric materials had always been looked at as a potential replacement to the conventional SiO2 to increase gate control over the channel which could be a possible solution. This paper examines the impact of scaling FinFETs with varying geometric conditions in the presence of high-k gate dielectrics oxide layer, and further demonstrate conflicting technical trade-off that emerges from short channel effects due to different oxide materials. The electric field distribution, carrier density and mobility of the FinFETs subsequent to miniaturization were also studied. A 3D model of the device is created and simulated using TiberLab and Nanohub to observe the carrier density and mobility in the device as well as the electric field created within the device. Short channel effects specifically drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and gate induced drain lowering (GIBL) were also analyzed. The overall results show that although high-k dielectric gate oxide has some drawbacks, it still outperforms SiO2 overall as a gate oxide material and proven to be a solid solution to mitigate short channel effect. The Ion/Ioff for the HfO2-based device increases by 90% as compared to a SiO2-based device. However, it was evident that the threshold voltage had increase slightly from 0.13 V to 0.26 V when the dielectric was changed from SiO2 to HfO2.
Thermal Stability Analysis using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Coated with SDS
Authors: Hussein Siti Nurliyana Che Mohamed , Amir Zulhelmi , Jan Badrul Hisham Md , Khalil Munawwar
Published: December 2022

The unique characteristic of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) such as low toxicity, high coercivity, superparamagnetic, high magnetic susceptibility and high surface-to-volume ratio have created much attention in various field especially in the oil and gas sector. However, bare IONPs are easily to oxidize in air and tends to agglomerate due to the high surface energies between the nanoparticles. Therefore, surface coating is an essential step to maintain the stability of IONPs. In this research, IONPs were synthesized using facile co-precipitation method and surface coated with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as ionic surfactant by the dip-coating method. Molar ratio of the coating agent was varied from 0.1 to 0.5 M and the calcination temperature after coating process was varied from 60⁰C to 606⁰C to study the effect on the crystallite size, degree of crystallinity and magnetite content of the coated IONPs. The coated IONPs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction device (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The result has shown that at greater SDS to IONPs molar ratios, the crystalline size and crystallinity increased, while the magnetite content dropped. Higher calcination temperatures, however, resulted in larger sized crystals with less crystallinity and magnetite concentration. The TGA plot showed that more stable nanoparticles will be produced at higher calcination temperatures. Therefore, the ideal coating condition obtained is at molar ratio of 0.1 and calcination temperature of 154°C as it produces smallest crystallite size (8.56nm) and highest magnetite content (56.8%).
In House Electrostatic Field Meter Calibration for Improved ESD Protection
Authors: Rahim Husna Abdul , Mahadi Wan Nor Liza Wan
Published: December 2022

This research project presented an improved in house calibration procedure for electrostatic field meter. The proposed improved arrangement is by using copper parallel plates with the optimum separation distance of 6.01 mm between plates. The material properties test, repeatability test and reproducibility test have been conducted throughout the project. The material properties test shows that copper is the suitable material to be used as the calibration plate due to its behaviour that can withstand high voltage up to 8 kV. The repeatability test conducted shows that the arrangement produces consistent results in five cycles of measurements. As for the reproducibility test where taken into account that the arrangement has been dismantled before undergoes the reproducibility test shows that the arrangement is reproducible. This study is conducted for the improvement electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection monitoring in the production line. ESD protection can prevent from any hazard caused by ESD. Calibration of the electrostatic meter is required for the confidence in its measuring accuracy.
Do the qualities of transformational leadership influence employees’ job engagement? A survey of the Indian power sector
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Kapoor Shikha , Kumar Gupta Sandeep
Published: December 2022

The pandemic has put a toll on businesses across the globe, especially power generation as an essential service. The role of leadership is exemplary in driving job engagement in the power sector. The study aims to explore the impact of a leader’s inspirational motivation and individualized consideration on employee job engagement in the Indian power sector. This study is quantitative exploratory research. Using a validated questionnaire, 444 survey responses were taken from executives of major Indian electricity generation utilities. Inspirational motivation and individualized consideration were taken as independent variables, while employee engagement and its components were taken as dependent variables. Statistical methods of simple and multiple correlations were performed using SPSS version 25. According to the findings, the components of transformational leadership have a positive and significant impact on employee engagement (r = 0.463) and its facets of vigor (r = 0.425), dedication (r = 0.455), and absorption (r = 0.267), respectively. In addition, the finding outlines that transformational leaders propagate their high power and enthusiasm to their workers through inspirational motivation to increase their job engagement. The paper also highlights the role of a leader as a coach and mentor through individualized consideration to cater to followers’ need for growth and achievement. These findings expand the literature on leadership and employee engagement in the Indian power sector.
Theory of a historical and legal comparative method
Authors: Д. А. Шигаль
Published: December 2022

The theory of a historical and legal comparative method as a new way of special and scientific knowledge is investigated in this article. The theory place in the method structure is defined. The historical and legal comparative method is aimed at solving the main problem which content is analyzed. Historical, legal and comparative approaches which define the direction of realization of the main task in the theory of a historical and legal comparative method are considered. The principles underlying each approach are specified.
Varoluşun İmkansızlığı: Soluk Filminde Ölüm Olgusu
Authors: Işıklar Ulaş
Published: December 2022

Sanatlar, kültürel evrendeki fizyoloji, sosyoloji, psikoloji gibi somut veriler ve davranışsal gözlemlerden oluşturulmuş veya felsefe gibi soyut düşünsel şemalar üzerine inşa edilmiş kavramsal disiplinler aracılığıyla insan ve yaşama dair çıkarımları dışa vurur. Bu disiplinlerden yararlanan ve karmaşık algılama sürecini yeteneğiyle birleştiren sanatçı, fikirsel ve duygusal dışsallaştırmalarını eserlerinde yansıtır. Tüm toplumlarda fizyolojik, psikolojik, sosyolojik ve felsefi boyutları olan ölüm, kavramsal disiplinlerin kesişim alanında yer alır. Yaşamı sonlandıran ve bütünleyen yapısıyla ölüm, sanatsal birçok içerikteki varoluşsal felsefi çıkarımların da hareket noktasıdır. Dolayısıyla, başta sinema olmak üzere tüm sanatlardaki başat tematiklerden birisidir. Sinemada ölüm; karakterlerin eylemleri sonucu vuku bulan bir mefhum ya da bir karakter hüviyetinde cisimleşen bir olgu olarak kendini gösterir. Bu çalışma, Soluk filmi bağlamında ölüm olgusunu incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Metodolojik açıdan imgesel ve sessel kodların Heideggerci kuramsal teoriler temelinde yorumlanmasına dayalı niteliksel çözümleme yönteminin kullanıldığı analiz, karakterlerin içsel ve dışsal süreçlerindeki değişimleri ölüm olgusu bağlamında ortaya koymaktadır.
Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde “Asrî” Mimarlığı Tanıtan Bir Öncü:Hayat Mecmuası
Authors: Aydın Önder , Çelik Nurçin
Published: December 2022

Erken Cumhuriyet döneminde 1920lerin ikinci yarısı, bir taraftan tarihselci Milli Mimari uygulamalarının halen etkili olduğu, diğer taraftan da değişimin işaretlerinin ortaya çıktığı bir zaman aralığına karşılık gelmektedir. Bu süreçte çıkarılan, gündelik yaşama dair eski alfabe ile yayın yapan magazin dergilerinin yeni, asrî mimarlığa dair erken yayınları, Ülke mimarlığındaki değişimin de habercisi niteliğindedir. Belirtilen bağlamda, Hayat mecmuasının dönem içinde önemli bir iz bıraktığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu makale çalışması, Derginin döneminin yeni, asrî, modern mimarlığını tanıtan, savunan yazılarını mercek altına almıştır. Söz konusu yazıların analizi kapsamında metinlerden çekilen veriler, Modernliğin kavramları ışığında alt başlıklar halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu makale, Hayat mecmuasının Genç Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin ideolojisi ve inkılaplarıyla uyumlu olarak, 1930lar sonrasında yoğun bir biçimde uygulanacak yeni mimarlığa dair yayınlara, erken dönemde yer vermesinin önemine dikkat çekmektedir.
Amerika'da Toplumsal Gerçekçilik: Ben Shahn
Authors: Kartı Canan , Tetikçi İsmail
Published: December 2022

Sanatın toplumun bir parçası olduğu ve sanat eserinin sosyal, politik ve ekonomik faktörlerden nasıl etkilendiği üzerinde durulan bu araştırmada; sanatçının toplumda üstlendiği rolün, Amerikan ressam Ben Shahn’ın toplumsal gerçekçi eserleri ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın kapsamını; Amerika’daki toplumsal gerçekçilik sanat anlayışı, ortaya çıktığı dönem koşulları ve Ben Shahn’ın bu anlayış doğrultusunda gerçekleştirdiği sanat eserleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda tarihsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış; Toplumsal gerçekçilik sanat anlayışına ilişkin yayınlar, Ben Shahn ve eserleri ile ilgili araştırmalar incelenerek verilerin toplanması sağlanmıştır. Araştırmayla ilgili alan yazın incelendiğinde; Amerika’daki toplumsal gerçekçilik sanat anlayışı üzerine Türkçe yayınların kısıtlı olduğu, Ben Shahn ve eserleri ile ilgili Türkçe bir araştırmanın yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmamız doğrultusunda Ben Shahn’ın eserleri ile toplumsal gerçekçilik sanat anlayışının yeniden yorumlanması, sanat-sanatçı ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiye yeni bir bakış açısı getireceği düşüncesini oluşturmaktadır.
Çağdaş Tekstil Sanatında Irkçılık ve “Ötekilik” Temaları Üzerine Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemeler
Authors: Kiper Ecem , Alp Kafiye Özlem
Published: December 2022

yapıda oluşan değişimler, politik ve kültürel dinamiklerin dönüşümleri sonucunda sanatçıları yeni teknik ve estetik arayışlarına yönlendirmiş, zanaat kimliğinden ayrılarak modern sanatta önemli bir ifade aracı niteliğini kazanmıştır. Farklı malzeme ve teknik olanaklarıyla, sanatta duygusal ve sembolik anlatım dilini içeren temsil biçimleri sunmuştur. Kadına ait kullanım malzemesi olarak ele alınan tekstil, yine kadınların sanat pratiklerinde; alt mesajlar barındıran, sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-politik konuların öne çıktığı temsil aracı olmuştur.
Çalışmada; tekstil sanatçılarının, etnik köken ve inanç farklılıkları, cinsel yönelim, coğrafya, kadın kimliği çerçevesinde toplumsal normların dışında tutulan “ötekileştirilenlere” bir tepki niteliğindeki beş çalışması irdelenerek bireyin imajı, insan rolleri ve toplumsal baskıların tekstil eserler üzerine yansımasını; sembolik anlamlar, alt mesajlarla tekstil sanatına nasıl yön verdiğini saptamak amaçlanmıştır. Tekstil eserler, göstergebilimsel yaklaşımla Roland Barthes’ın anlamlandırma şeması üzerinden çözümlenmiştir. Göstergeler, gösteren/gösterilen, düzanlam/yananlam karşıtlıklarıyla açıklanarak, eserlerde anlamın kurulma biçimi yazı ve görsel ilişkilerle tartışılmıştır.
Koraş Mahallesinde Unutulmaya Yüz Tutan Dokuma Kültürü
Authors: Konuk Mustafa
Published: December 2022

İnsan içerisinde yaşamakta olduğu toplumun kültür, din, sosyo-ekonomik yapısı ve politik koşullarından etkilenerek, iç dünyasında yarattığı duygularını, düşüncelerini, gözlemlerini kendi yetenek ve estetik duyarlılığı ile sanat eserine dönüştürebilmektedir. Bu sanat dallarının içerisinde yer alan dokuma sanatı, toplumların yaşadığı coğrafyayı, yaptıkları işleri, gelenek ve göreneklerini, duygu ve düşüncelerini aktarabildikleri, yöreden elde ettikleri malzemeler ile kendi el becerilerine dönüştürebildikleri bir sanat dalıdır. Dokumalarda kullanılan motifler, semboller, şekiller ve figürler geçmişte yaşadıkları zihniyetin ürünleridir. Bu çalışmada Karaman’a bağlı Koraş Mahallesindeki dokumalar incelenmiştir. Çalışma sırasında daha önceden dokuma yapmış dokumacılar ile görüşmeler yapılarak bilgiler alınmıştır. Tespit edilen dokumalar ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Yöreye ait dokumaların orijinalliğinin korunmasında ve yöre dokumacılığının tanıtılmasında gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlamak amacıyla Koraş mahallesinde yapılan alan araştırmasında bulunan dokuma örnekleri; namazlık, yastık, yer yaygısı ve duvar örtüsüdür. Ulaşılan yöre dokumaları hakkında envanter oluşturulması ve literatüre kazandırılması çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Disiplinlerarası Sanat Eğitimi: P.Mondrian "Broadway Boogie Woogie" Örneği.
Authors: Bahadır Bilal Habib , Önal M. Ayça
Published: December 2022

On sekizinci yüzyılla birlikte gelişen sanat akımları, yapıtların temel ögesi olan nesnenin, farklı disiplinlerde ve başka bir anlamla donatılarak üretilmesine yol açmıştır. Farklı disiplinlerin verilerinin, orijinal anlamı dışında başka bir disiplinde yeni bir anlamla donatılarak üretilmesi, yapıtların parçalı ve çoksesli (çok anlamlı) bir içeriğe sahip olmasını sağlamıştır. Böylelikle incelenen yapıtlar ile disiplinler arasındaki alışverişler (alıntılamalar), metinlerarasılığın yöntemleri ile kuramsal bir temele oturtulmuştur. Bu bağlamda metinlerarasılık kavramı, postmodern olarak adlandırılan süreçte üretilen yapıtların kuramsal açıdan incelenmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmayla, postmodern olarak adlandırılan içinde yaşadığımız dönemde modern anlayışın ayrıştırmış olduğu disiplinlerin yeniden ilişkilendirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Farklı disiplinler arasında birbirleriyle gerçekleştirilen alıntılama yöntemleri, eserlerin çoksesli bir kompozisyonda üretilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla sanat eğitiminin temel amaçlarından biri olan sanat dilini kullanabilme yetisi günümüzde disiplinlerarası okumayı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu ortamda yer alan ve üreten sanatçının, araştırmacıların ve eğitimcilerin de bakış açısı ve alanlarıyla ilgili bilgi perspektifleri de geniş bir yelpazeye yayılmaktadır.
Karaman’daki Tartan Konağında Bulunan Geleneksel Halılar
Authors: Konuk Derya
Published: December 2022

Dokuma, maddi kültürlerimizin güzel ve önemli bir kısmını içinde barındıran toplumların yaşam tarzlarını, görenek ve geleneklerini simgeleyen ve nesilden nesile aktarılan kültürel bir miras niteliğini taşımaktadır. Halılar gerek renkleri gerek teknikleri ve gerekse kullanılan motif ve anlamları ile dokunduğu yörenin estetik anlayışını, ekonomik ve kültürel yaşantısını, kişisel ve toplumsal değer yargılarını yansıtarak dokunduğu bölgeye göre farkındalık göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; Karaman ilinde bulunan Tartan Konağı’nın içerisinde bulunan geleneksel dokumaları kayıt altına almak ve literatüre kazandırmaktır. Tartan Konağını 1861 yılında Tartanoğlu hacı Ahmet Ağa tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Selçuklu- Osmanlı mimari tarzının ve süslemelerinin tarzını taşıyan konak Çekül Vakfı tarafından onarılarak günümüze kazandırılması yönünden ilk adım atılmış ve Karaman İl Özel İdaresine 2005 yılında mirasçılarınca devredilmiş, iki yıl süren restorasyondan sonra 2007 yılında ziyaretçilere açılmıştır. Çalışmada 92 adet halı dokumaya ulaşılmış olup desen tekrarına düşmemek için çalışmaya 11 adet dokuma eklenmiştir. Dokumalar yerinde incelenerek gözlem fişleri oluşturulmuş olup, tasarım analizleri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.
İbrahim Bîzebân’ın Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde Bulunan Murakka’ı Üzerine Değerlendirme
Authors: Aksoy Şaştım Yeşim , Sezer Bilal
Published: December 2022

İslam sanatları bakımından önemli yere sahip olan hat, tezhip ve cilt gibi sanatların nadide örneklerini el yazmalarında ve murakka‘larda görmek mümkündür. Murakka’lar, tezhip, cilt ve hat sanatının en fazla uygulandığı alanlar olmuştur. Günümüzde kütüphane, müze ve özel koleksiyonlarda hat ve tezyinat özellikleri bakımından oldukça zengin ve iyi muhafaza edilmiş murakka‘lar bulunmaktadır. Bu kütüphanelerinden biri de Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesidir. Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesinin Hamidiye Bölümünde yer alan 29 envanter numaralı murakkâ’ın hattatı İbrâhim Bîzebândır. Murakka’ 1143 (1730-31) tarihinde sülüs-nesih hat türleri ile yazılmıştır. Murakkâ’da çeşitli hadislerin yazılı bulunduğu 8 adet kıt’a yer almaktadır. 18. yüzyıl tarihli olan eser tezyîni unsurlar bakımından klâsik dönem etkilerini yansıtmaktadır. İncelenen eser hat ve tezhip sanatı bakımından ele alınarak sunulmuştur.
Çağdaş Seramik Sanatında Metinlerarası Okumalar
Authors: Gümüş Akman Nagihan
Published: December 2022

Julia Kristeva tarafından kuramsallaştırılan metinlerarasılık kavramı, genel hatlarıyla yapıtların birbiri ile ilişkide olduğunu ve bu ilişkinin kurulmasının kaçınılmaz olduğunu ifade eder. Kuram, dilbiliminde ortaya çıkmış olmakla birlikte, göstergebilim ve sanat disiplinlerde yapıt çözümleme yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda seramik sanatına ilişkin metinlerarası bir çalışma yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, metinlerarasılık yöntemleri aracılığıyla seramik sanatına ilişkin yapıtlar çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmada, ilk olarak metinlerarasılık kavramına ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra metinlerarasılık yöntemi ile çözümlenmiş edebiyat, müzik ve güzel sanatlar alanlarındaki çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Son olarak çağdaş seramik sanatı yapıtları metinlerarasılık yöntemleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, metinlerarasılık yöntemleri ile çağdaş bir seramik yapıtına ilişkin nesnel ve analitik yorumlara ulaşmanın mümkün olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sinop Balatlar Kilisesi Duvar Resminde AntakyalI Azize Marina
Authors: Soylu Yılmaz Sanem
Published: December 2022

Sinop’ta yer alan Balatlar Kilisesi 20.yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar kilise ve etrafı Rum cemaatin şehir mezarlığı olarak kullanılmıştır. Son dönem kilisesinin içi Eski ve Yeni Ahit hikayeleri ve Kutsal kişilerin resimleriyle bezenmiştir. Kilisenin güneyinde bulunan kemerli giriş kapısının lentosun üst kısmında bulunan yarım daire alınlık yüzeyinde oldukça zarar görmüş bir kadın figürü bulunmaktadır. Azize Marina olarak tanımlanan bu kadın azize figürünün yaşamı, Hristiyan inancındaki yeri ve önemi araştırılmıştır. Azizenin tercih edilen figüratif özellikleri yaşam öyküsünden elde edilen bilgilerle ilişkilendirilmiş Balatlar örneği ile karşılaştırılma yapılmıştır. Azize Marina’nın resimlerinin Balatlar’da bulunan duvar resmi ile benzerlik ve farklıkları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Antalya Kaleiçi Halıhan Koleksiyonu Heybe Dokumaları
Authors: Eroğlu Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2022

Turizmin başkenti olan Antalya’nın tarihi ve turistik özelliklerini yansıtan bölgelerinden birisi de Kaleiçi’dir. Kaleiçi, Antalya’nın en eski yerleşim alanlarından biri olmakla birlikte, turistlerin uğrak yeri olan, gezilmesi ve görülmesi gereken mekanlardan birisidir. Kaleiçi bölgesi, turistlerin hediyelik eşya alışverişi yaptığı, aynı zamanda eğlence mekanlarının da bulunduğu bir yerdir.
Kaleiçi bölgesi, çok sayıda hediyelik eşya ve el dokuma ürünlerinin bulunduğu mağazaları bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan Halıhan A.Ş. adındaki Hakan Tazecan’a ait iş yeri de bu mağazalardan biridir.
Buradaki halı kilim mağazalarına Anadolu’nun bir çok bölgesinden satın alma yolu ile el dokuması ürünler gelmektedir. Bu ürünlerin büyük bir çoğunluğu, başta turistler olmak üzere satılmakta ve bir kısmı da koleksiyonerler tarafından arşivlenmektedir.
Dokuma kültürümüzü yansıtan sayısız örnekler bilinçsiz bir şekilde, ticari kaygılar güdülerek, turistlere satılmaktadır. Bu satışlar ile; ekonomik kazanç elde edildiği düşünülmesine rağmen, kültürel değerlerin kaybına sebebiyet verilmektedir. Bu ve benzeri çalışmalar ile Anadolu dokuma kültürünü yansıtan örnekler, en azından kataloglanmış ve belgelenmiş olacaktır. Bize ait olan bu değerlerin incelenerek kataloglanması, gelecek kuşaklara kültürümüz hakkındaki bilgilerin aktarılması hususunda büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Bu çalışma kapsamında Antalya Kaleiçi’nde halı kilim heybe satışı yapan mağazalardan birisi olan Halıhan A.Ş. sahibi Hakan Tazecan ile görüşülerek bilgiler alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda Halıhan koleksiyonunda bulunan dokuma örneklerinden heybe dokumaları; desen, renk ve kompozisyon özellikleri incelenerek kataloglanmıştır. Konuyla ilgili olarak kaynak kişi ve koleksiyoner olan Hakan Tazecan’ın verdiği bilgiler, literatür bilgileriyle desteklenerek çalışmanın ilgili bölümlerinde açıklanmıştır.
The water finance gap and the multiple interpretations of ‘bankability’
Authors: McCoy Wilder , Schwartz Klaas
Published: December 2022

In discussing progress on achieving SDG target 6.1 (universal access to water services by 2023), a large ‘financing gap’ is frequently referred to. It is often repeated in development circles that the key to bridging the ‘financing gap’ in the water sector is through the creation of ‘bankable’ water projects. However, there remains a wide gap between technical professionals in the water sector and market-oriented financiers in understanding how ‘bankability’ is practically operationalized. This paper presents a framework of bankability, which highlights the complexity of making projects in the water services sector bankable. This complexity means that making projects bankable requires innovative water project structuring to align interests of investors, water entrepreneurs, and society to leverage more capital into the water sector.
Evaluating the impact of Nalla Lai contamination on drinking quality of groundwater in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shahid Ali , Rafiq Muhammad Tariq , Shah Farzana Altaf , Aziz Rukhsanda , Din Islamud , Yasir Ammar , Iqbal Asif
Published: December 2022

The scientific report assessed the impact of Nalla Lai wastewater on the groundwater quality of Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. A total of 19 wastewater and 49 groundwater samples were collected during September and October 2016 and have been analyzed in the laboratory to detect different water quality parameters. The results revealed that BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), iron, and cadmium values in many wastewater samples were beyond the recommended value of the National Environmental Quality Standards 1997 (NEQs, 1997). In groundwater samples, the results of iron, cadmium, manganese, zinc, TDS (total dissolved solids), pH, color, and hardness were found elevated from the standard values in one or more samples as compared with the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality, 2010 (NSDWQ, 2010). The decreasing metal concentration order in groundwater samples was iron > zinc > manganese > copper > cadmium. Very interestingly, hardness was found at elevated levels in 75% of investigated groundwater samples. Microbiological contamination was detected in 83% of the analyzed groundwater samples. The study revealed the percolation of heavy metals and microbial contamination in the bore water, tube wells, hand pumps, springs, and hand-dug wells located nearby the Nalla Lai wastewater stream.
Urban flood resilience assessment using RAGA-PP and KL-TOPSIS model based on PSR framework: A case study of Jiangsu province, China
Authors: Ji Juan , Chen Junfei
Published: December 2022

The research on urban flood resilience will contribute to building a more resilient city and provide valuable reference for municipal decision-makers. There are many frameworks and approaches for empirical studies on what constitutes urban flood resilience and how to evaluate it. In this study, a typical region suffering from flood disaster in China-Jiangsu Province was selected as the study area, including 13 prefecture-level cities. The pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, the projection pursuit based on real-coded accelerated genetic algorithm (RAGA-PP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution based on the Kullback-Leibler distance (KL-TOPSIS) were combined to develop a hybrid multi-criteria approach for assessing urban flood resilience. Then the grey relational analysis obtained the important factors. The results illustrate that (1) the development of each subsystem in the city is uncoordinated, that is, the pressure-subsystem has little influence on urban flood resilience, while the state-subsystem and the response-subsystem have great influence. (2) The urban flood resilience in Jiangsu Province presents obvious polarization trend, that is, Southern Jiangsu is more resilient than Northern Jiangsu. The underlying factors are closely related to the level of economic development. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a practical evaluation approach for other fields.
Genetic Testing is Superior Over Endogenous Pharmacometabolomic Markers to
Predict Safety of Haloperidol in Patients with Alcohol-induced Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Skryabin Valentin , Zastrozhin Mikhail , Parkhomenko Alexandra , Lauschke Volker M. , Smirnov Valery , Petukhov Aleksey , Pankratenko Elena , Pozdnyakov Sergei , Koporov Sergei , Denisenko Natalia , Akmalova Kristina , Bryun Evgeny , Sychev Dmitry
Published: December 2022

Background:

Previous studies have shown that haloperidol biotransformation is mainly metabolized by
CYP2D6. The CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, contributing to inter-individual differences in enzymatic activity,
and may impact haloperidol biotransformation rates, resulting in variable drug efficacy and safety profiles.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the correlation of the CYPD6 activity with haloperidol's efficacy and safety
rates in patients with alcohol-induced psychotic disorders.

objective:

To investigate the correlation of the CYPD6 activity with the efficacy and safety rates of haloperidol in patients with alcohol-induced psychotic disorders.

Method:

One hundred male patients received 5-10 mg/day haloperidol by injections for 5 days. The efficacy and
safety assessments were performed using PANSS, UKU, and SAS-validated psychometric scales.

Results:

No relationship between haloperidol efficacy or safety and the experimental endogenous pharmacometabolomic
marker for CYP2D6 activity, urinary 6-НО-ТНВС/pinoline ratio was identified. In contrast, we found a statistically
significant association between haloperidol adverse events and the most common CYP2D6 loss-of-function
allele CYP2D6*4 (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Evaluation of the single polymorphism rs3892097 that defines CYP2D6*4 can predict the safety profile
of haloperidol in patients with AIPD, whereas metabolic evaluation using an endogenous marker was not a suitable
predictor. Furthermore, our results suggest haloperidol dose reductions could be considered in AIPD patients with at
least one inactive CYP2D6 allele.
The Influences and Mechanisms of High-altitude Hypoxia Exposure on Drug Metabolism
Authors: Zhao Anpeng , Li Wenbin , Wang Rong
Published: December 2022

Background:

The special environment of high-altitude hypoxia not only changes the physiological state
of the body but also affects the metabolic process of many drugs, which may affect the safety and efficacy of these
drugs. The number of drugs is huge, so it is not wise to blindly repeat the pharmacokinetic studies of all of them on
the plateau. Mastering the law of drug metabolism on the plateau is conducive to the comprehensive development of
rational drug use on the plateau. Therefore, it is very important to determine the impacts and elucidate the mechanism
of drug metabolism in hypobaric hypoxia conditions.

Methods:

In this review, we searched published studies on changes in drug metabolism in hypoxia conditions to
summarize and analyze the mechanisms by which hypoxia alters drug metabolism.

Results:

Although the reported effects of high-altitude hypoxia on drug metabolism are sometimes controversial,
metabolism kinetics for most of the tested drugs are found to be affected. Mechanism studies showed that the major
reasons causing metabolism changes are: regulated drug-metabolizing enzymes expression and activity mediated by
HIF-1, nuclear receptors and inflammatory cytokines, and change in direct or indirect effects of intestinal microflora
on drug metabolism by itself or the host mediated by microflora-derived drug-metabolizing enzymes, metabolites,
and immunoregulation.

Conclusion:

Altered enzyme expression and activity in the liver and altered intestinal microflora are the two major
reasons to cause altered drug metabolism in hypoxia conditions.
A Systematic Review of Linezolid Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in Patients
Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Liu Yao , Ge Xu-Hua , Guo Hong-Li , Chen Feng , Zhang Yong , Xu Jing , Ji Xing , Miao Hong-jun
Published: December 2022

Background:

Selection of the optimal antimicrobial posology in critically ill patients remains a challenge,
especially in patients with sepsis who undergo continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This systematic review
aimed to analyze factors that influence the extracorporeal removal of linezolid.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was performed to identify studies published up to March 2022 in PubMed,
MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies involving adults receiving CRRT and treatment with linezolid were
considered eligible if the CRRT setting and linezolid’s pharmacokinetic parameters were clearly mentioned.

Results:

Six out of 110 potentially relevant studies were included. A total of 101 treatments were identified among
97 enrolled patients. Our analysis showed that continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was the most
frequential used modality (52 cases). Despite distribution volume, the clearance (CL) of linezolid in these studies had
large variability. Extracorporeal linezolid removal may be markedly impacted by CRRT dose. There is significant
between-subject variability in the probability of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) target attainment of
patients treated with CRRT.

Conclusion:

Dose adjustment, shortening the dosing interval, and continuous infusion were proposed as regimen
optimization. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended due to the high variability of linezolid exposure among
patients with CRRT, specifically for those whose bodyweight is high, renal function is preserved, and the MIC of
infection bacteria is above 2 μg/mL.
Drug Discovery to Drug Development of BACE1 Inhibitor as Antialzheimer’s:
A Review
Authors: Munj Sonali Mehendale , Patil Pooja Bhagwan
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the most common cause of dementia usually occurs due to old age. Production and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) represent the major pathological event of the disease. The formation of am-yloid-β results due to proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) shown as the amyloid hypothesis, a prevalent theory for AD pathogenesis. Thus, BACE1 represents a novel target to decrease cerebral Aβ concentration and slow down the disease’s progression. The structure-based drug design approach led to a wide variety of small molecules with the mechanism of action centered around inhibition of β-secretase protease (BACE1), which are shown to have drug-like properties and reduce brain Aβ levels. Based on transition state isosteres, BACE1 inhibitors can largely be classified as peptidomimetics and non-peptidomimetics. The subclasses of the two categories have been covered with different scaf-folds like statin, norstatin, carbinamine, hydroxyethylene, hydroxyethylamine, acyl guanidine, 2-aminopyridine, aminoimidazole, aminohydantoin, aminothiazoline, aminooxazoline, aminoquino-line, piperazine-based. Among these small molecules, those who fulfilled general requirements for a drug aimed at the central nervous system (CNS) and selectivity over other aspartyl proteases reached the final pipeline of clinical trials. Here, in this review, we summarize the journey of BACE1 inhibitors through different practices of drug design development, Structural Activity Rela-tionship (SAR), and other inhibitor candidates that are currently in clinical trials as BACE1 inhibi-tors.
Computed Tomography-guided Techniques for Localizing Pulmonary
Nodules by Localization Needle versus Methylene Blue
Authors: Kong Jian , Zhang Hua , Guo Jian-Xi
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of computed tomography-guided localization needle (LN) and methylene blue (MB) for pulmonary nodule localization.

Materials and Methods:

Between November 2019 and January 2022, 547 patients underwent computed tomography-guided LN (n=171) or MB (n=376) localization and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection.

Results:

In total, 171 and 376 nodules were localized via LN and MB, respectively, with respective
technical localization success rates of 92.98 % and 88.56 % (p = 0.111). The pulmonary nodule localization
time was significantly shorter for the MB group than for the LN group (p < 0.05). However, the
rates of total complication, chest pain, and cough were significantly lower in the LN group (χ2 =
8.251/25.092/5.127, all p < 0.05). Furthermore, the LN group had a shorter VATS time than the MB
group (p < 0.05). The VATS achieved a 100% operation success rate in both groups, and there was no
significance between groups with respect to the types of surgery (p > 0.05) or the blood loss (p >
0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that the localization technique was an independent
risk factor for total complications and chest pain.

Conclusion:

Both techniques can effectively localize pulmonary nodules before VATS. MB had a shorter localization time, but the LN had a shorter VATS time and a lower incidence of complications, especially chest pain.
Study on the Crush Injury Model of the Sciatic Nerve in Rabbits by Conventional
Ultrasound and Elastography
Authors: Qi Hengtao , Wang Tiezheng , Chen Chao , Teng Jianbo
Published: December 2022

Background:

The crush injury model of the sciatic nerve in rabbits is a common nerve injury
model, but there is little literature on the evaluation of nerve stiffness by ultrasound elastography.

Purpose:

To explore the value of ultrasound elastography in diagnosing crush injury of the sciatic
nerve in rabbits.

Materials and Methods:

Forty cases of crush injury model of the sciatic nerve in rabbits were examined
by conventional ultrasound and elastography. The sonographic manifestations and stiffness of the
model were analyzed, and the regularity of nerve injury with time was summarized.

Results:

Ultrasound could clearly show the location, range, and thickness of the injured nerve in this
model. The thickness of the injured area reached a peak in the 2nd week and returned to normal thickness
in the 8th week. The nerve stiffness of the injured area increased gradually with time.

Conclusions:

Conventional ultrasound combined with elastography can comprehensively and quantitatively
evaluate the morphological changes and mechanical properties of the injured sciatic nerve in
rabbits, which may be of great significance to the repair and rehabilitation of peripheral nerve crush
injuries.
Role of Potassium Ion Channels in Epilepsy: Focus on Current
Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Khan Rahul , Chaturvedi Pragya , Sahu Prachi , Ludhiadch Abhilash , Singh Paramdeep , Singh Gagandeep , Munshi Anjana
Published: December 2022

Background:

Epilepsy is one of the prevalent neurological disorders characterized by disrupted
synchronization between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Disturbed membrane potential due
to abnormal regulation of neurotransmitters and ion transport across the neural cell membrane significantly
contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Potassium ion channels (KCN) regulate the resting
membrane potential and are involved in neuronal excitability. Genetic alterations in the potassium
ion channels (KCN) have been reported to result in the enhancement of the release of neurotransmitters,
the excitability of neurons, and abnormal rapid firing rate, which lead to epileptic phenotypes,
making these ion channels a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy. The aim of this study is to explore
the variations reported in different classes of potassium ion channels (KCN) in epilepsy patients,
their functional evaluation, and therapeutic strategies to treat epilepsy targeting KCN.

Methodology:

A review of all the relevant literature was carried out to compile this article.

Result:

A large number of variations have been reported in different genes encoding various classes of
KCN. These genetic alterations in KCN have been shown to be responsible for disrupted firing properties
of neurons. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main therapeutic strategy to treat epilepsy. Some
patients do not respond favorably to the AEDs treatment, resulting in pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Conclusion:

Further to address the challenges faced in treating epilepsy, recent approaches like optogenetics,
chemogenetics, and genome editing, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats (CRISPR), are emerging as target-specific therapeutic strategies.
Predictors of Impaired Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Noori Ahmed A. , Barzani Mudhafar A.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Early identification of hypertensive patients at risk of heart failure (HF) helps guide treatment intensification and predict prognosis. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) derived from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) uncovers subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (SLVSD) in patients with hypertension (HT) and preserved LV ejection fraction (PLVEF). STE is unavailable and/or underutilized in our locality for financial and technical reasons.

Objectives:

We aim to identify clinical and echocardiographic parameters associated with and/or predictive of impaired GLS in hypertensive patients with PLVEF.

Method:

In this single-clinic, cross-sectional, observational study, 100 hypertensive patients with PLVEF were examined using conventional and 2D STE.

Results:

The average GLS was found to be mildly reduced (-18.4 ± 2.2%) in the study group. Lower GLS (than -19%) was more common among patients with poorly controlled HT (Odds Ratio (OR)=9), being on multiple anti-hypertensive agents (OR=5), positive Sokolow-Lyon electrocardiographic criteria (OR=4.3), and obesity (OR=2). Conventional echocardiographic parameters predicting impaired GLS included: mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) (p=0.001), inter-ventricular septal thickness (IVSd) (p=0.003), LV mass (p=0.003), and LV remodelling (p=0.02). The aortic acceleration-to-ejection time ratio (AT/ET) had a good correlation with GLS (p=0.034). The novel product (IVSd x AT/ET) ≥2.7 mm was found to be the best predictor of GLS worse than -19% (AU ROC=0.8, 95% CI [0.68-0.93]; p=0.001).

Conclusion:

In hypertensive patients with PLVEF, GLS was found to correlate well with blood pressure (BP) control, body size, measures of LV mass, and MAPSE. These parameters predict at least 50% of the variance in GLS and could help practitioners with limited access to STE in risk-stratifying hypertensive patients.
D-allose: Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Capacity in Cancer
Authors: Khajeh Sahar , Ganjavi Maryam , Panahi Ghodratollah , Zare Mina , Zare Mohammadreza , Tahami Seyed Mohammad , Razban Vahid
Published: December 2022

Background:

Despite the implementation of various cancer therapies, adequate therapeutic
efficacy has not been achieved. A growing number of studies have been dedicated to the discovery of
new molecules to combat refractory cancer cells efficiently. Recently, the use of a rare type of sugar,
D-allose, has attracted the attention of research communities. In combination with the first-line treatment
of cancers, including different types of radiotherapies and chemotherapies, D-allose has been detected
with favorable complementary effects.

:

Understanding the mechanism of therapeutic target molecules will enable us to develop new strategies
for cancer patients that do not currently respond to the present therapies.

Objective:

We aimed to provide a review of the effects of D-allose in cancer treatment, its mechanisms
of action, and gaps in this field that require more investigations.

Discussion:

With rare exceptions, in many cancer types, including head and neck, lung, liver, bladder,
blood, and breast, D-allose consistently has exhibited anticancer activity in vitro and/or in vivo. Most
of the D-allose functions are mediated through thioredoxin-interacting protein molecules. D-allose exerts
its effects via reactive oxygen species regulation, cell cycle arrest, metabolic reprogramming, autophagy,
apoptosis induction, and sensitizing tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

D-allose has shown great promise for combating tumor cells with no side effects, especially
in combination with first-line drugs; however, its potential for cancer therapy has not been comprehensively
investigated in vitro or in vivo.
Efficacious Restoration of Intractable Trauma by Administration of
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Hydrogel Composite: A Case Series
Authors: Zhang Leisheng , Han Zhongchao
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives:

Patients with intractable cutaneous injuries and complications
such as severe ulcers and dysfunctions often result in unfavorable prognosis and burdensome
possessions esthetically and psychosocially. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary safety
and efficacy outcomes of hyaluronic acid/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
(HA/P-MSCs) composite upon extensive traumas.

Methods:

The phase Ⅰ of the interventional study with four enrolled patients with refractory
wounds and ulcerations was conducted. With the consent of the patients and approval of the ethics
committee, continuous HA/P-MSC composite administration was conducted on the surface of
wounds after surgical debridement. The dynamic changes in pathomorphology and therapeutic response
were collectively recorded.

Results:

All the participants revealed efficacious remission with clinical-grade HA/P-MSC composite,
including complete wound healing, elimination of inflammatory exudate and refractory ulcers,
and regeneration of damaged tissues under sterile conditions. No untoward effects or recurrence
were observed in the cases during treatment and the 24-month’s follow-up visit.

Conclusion:

Refractory wound management with HA/P-MSC composite was preliminarily safe
and effective for the improvement of the outcomes of the patients. These findings provided new references
for the treatment of the costliest and incurable diseases associated with cutaneous injuries.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

ChiCTR2000038275
Lithium-induced Discontinuation Refractoriness: A Report of
Two Cases
Authors: İnanlı İkbal
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Lithium is an effective mood stabilizer. In patients with bipolar disorder
using long-term lithium, discontinuation of lithium can lead to severe clinical outcomes
such as lithium-induced discontinuation refractoriness. We present two clinical cases of lithium-
induced discontinuation refractoriness.

Case Presentation:

We present two female patients with a good long-term response to lithium.
Both patients did not have a mood episode for many years and had residual symptoms. The
first patient discontinued lithium voluntarily, while the second patient discontinued lithium
treatment due to impaired thyroid function. Lithium was added to the treatment of both patients,
but lithium-induced discontinuation refractoriness developed.

Conclusion:

It should be kept in mind that it may develop refractoriness to lithium when deciding
to discontinue lithium treatment, especially in patients with a good long-term response to
lithium.