bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tips on the SW-Gondwana margin: Ordovician conodont-graptolite biostratigraphy of allochthonous blocks in the Rinconada mélange, Argentine Precordillera
Authors: Voldman Gustavo G. , Alonso Juan L. , Fernández Luis P. , Ortega Gladys , Albanesi Guillermo L. , Banchig Aldo L. , Cardó Raúl
Published: October 2018

The Rinconada Formation is a mélange that crops out in the eastern margin of the Argentine Precordillera, an exotic terrane accreted to Gondwana in Ordovician times. Its gravity-driven deposits have been studied by means of conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy, and complemented with stratigraphic analyses. 46 rock samples (85 kg total weight) were obtained from blocks of limestones and of carbonate-cemented quartz-arenites, and from limestone clasts included in conglomerate blocks and debrites. 16 of these samples were productive after standard laboratory acid procedures, yielding 561 conodont elements. The specimens occur in variable number per sample and are frequently fragmented, but they reveal the occurrence of phantom stratigraphic units in the Darriwilian of the Precordillera. Lithological and fossil evidence from the Rinconada Formation provide new constraints on the biostratigraphy, palaebiogeography and tectonostratigraphic history of the southwestern margin of Gondwana during the Ordovician to Lower Devonian times.
Looking for the key to preservation of fossil marine vertebrates in the Pisco Formation of Peru: new insights from a small dolphin skeleton
Authors: Gioncada Anna , Gariboldi Karen , Collareta Alberto , Di Celma Claudio , Bosio Giulia , Malinverno Elisa , Lambert Olivier , Pike Jennifer , Urbina Mario , Bianucci Giovanni
Published: October 2018

The upper Neogene Pisco Formation of Peru is known worldwide as one of the most significant Cenozoic marine vertebrate Konservatt-Lagerstätten, even featuring cetacean specimens that retain remains of soft tissues or stomach contents. Previous works showed that biomediated precipitation of dolomite concretions around large-sized decaying carcasses was one of the most relevant processes responsible for exceptional fossil preservation. In turn, little is known about the modes of fossilization of well-preserved small-sized vertebrates, which are rather common in the Pisco Formation, but mostly do not exhibit dolomite concretions. We report on a cetacean specimen, identified as belonging to the extinct short-snouted, small dolphin species Brachydelphis mazeasi (Pontoporiidae), preserved within a late Miocene sandy deposit at the site of Pampa Corre Viento. This specimen consists of a moderately disarticulated partial skeleton exhibiting well-mineralized bones; it is not enclosed within a dolomite concretion, being however delimited by an evident dark boundary in the host sediment. Scanning electron microscopy and microanalytical investigations identify Mn-oxides and apatite as early diagenetic minerals around the skeleton. We argue that a rapid burial of the specimen was pivotal for the preservation of the bones, and allowed the early establishment of anoxic processes for degradation of organic matter. Coupled with availability of P in porewater, the reducing conditions and the lowered pH allowed precipitation of Ca-phosphate while increasing Mn solubility close to the pontoporiid carcass. Mn-oxides precipitated at the redox boundary, the latter defining the outer edge of the volume of sediment affected by altered chemical conditions due to the decaying processes. The permeability of the sediment and the small size of the carcass were possible factors unfavorable to extensive sulfate reduction, thus preventing the formation of a dolomite concretion and allowing bone phosphatization. This record emphasizes the role of conditions favorable to bone mineralization in absence of an isolating carbonate concretion, in cases of high quality preservation of small-sized vertebrates observed in the Pisco Formation. The observation of patterns in the distribution of diagenetic minerals in the sediment enclosing vertebrate remains without, or with limited carbonate concretions provides insights into early taphonomic processes.
Landslide susceptibility maps of Santiago city Andean foothills, Chile
Authors: Lara Marisol , Sepúlveda Sergio A. , Celis Constanza , Rebolledo Sofía , Ceballos Pablo
Published: October 2018

The urban expansion of Santiago city includes areas with geomorphological and geological conditions with potential to be affected by landslide processes. This work presents compiled landslide susceptibility maps for the Andean foothills of Santiago city, between Maipo and Mapocho rivers. The maps identify the areas prone to the generation of slides, falls and flows. The results show that the oriental foothills of Santiago city have moderate to high susceptibility of rock falls, rock and soil slides and debris flows. The most important of these landslide types are debris flows, due to the runout of this processes that may reach urban areas posing a risk for the city, for which detailed hazard studies are required.
Effect of biostimulation treatments on the toxicity of oil-contaminated mangrove sediment
Authors: Souza-Santos Lilia Pereira , Costa Bruno V. M. , Torreiro-Melo Anny G. A. G. , Araújo-Castro Cristiane M. V. , Garcia Karina S. , Lima Danúsia F , Oliveira Olívia M. C.
Published: October 2018

Bioassays with the marine copepod Tisbe biminiensis were used to evaluate the efficiency of three bioremediation treatments on oil contaminated sediments. Two biostimulation treatments (adding NPK and OSMOCOTE fertilizers) and a natural attenuation treatment (experimental control, without fertilizers) were evaluated. The addition of NPK fertilizer had a strong lethal effect on T. biminiensis females probably associated to ammonium compounds, but this effect disappeared after 15 days. The OSMOCOTE releases nutrients in a gradual manner and as such, had no lethal effect on T. biminiensis females. In the natural attenuation treatment, the fecundity of T. biminiensis increased 200% and this indicates that natural attenuation treatment effectively attenuated the sub-lethal toxicity. Biostimulation treatments were not more efficient in obtaining lower toxicity levels of oil contaminated sediment compared to natural attenuation as the recovery of the endpoint affected by contamination (fecundity) increased at the same rate in the 3 treatments over time. In conclusion, adding fertilizers with high ammonium compound concentrations and rapid release is not recommended as a bioremediation treatment in mangroves.
Body weight prediction using body size measurements in Fleckvieh, Holstein, and Brown Swiss dairy cows in lactation and dry periods
Authors: Gruber Leonhard , Ledinek Maria , Steininger Franz , Fuerst-Waltl Birgit , Zottl Karl , Royer Martin , Krimberger Kurt , Mayerhofer Martin , Egger-Danner Christa
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The objective of this study was to predict cows' body weight from body size measurements and other animal data in the lactation and dry periods. During the whole year 2014, 6306 cows (on 167 commercial Austrian dairy farms) were weighed at each routine performance recording and body size measurements like heart girth (HG), belly girth (BG), and body condition score (BCS) were recorded. Data on linear traits like hip width (HW), stature, and body depth were collected three times a year. Cows belonged to the genotypes Fleckvieh (and Red Holstein crosses), Holstein, and Brown Swiss. Body measurements were tested as single predictors and in multiple regressions according to their prediction accuracy and their correlations with body weight. For validation, data sets were split randomly into independent subsets for estimation and validation. Within the prediction models with a single body measurement, heart girth influenced relationship with body weight most, with a lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 39.0 kg, followed by belly girth (39.3 kg) and hip width (49.9 kg). All other body measurements and BCS resulted in a RMSE of higher than 50.0 kg. The model with heart and belly girth (ModelHG BG) reduced RMSE to 32.5 kg, and adding HW reduced it further to 30.4 kg (ModelHG BG HW). As RMSE and the coefficient of determination improved, genotype-specific regression coefficients for body measurements were introduced in addition to the pooled ones. The most accurate equations, ModelHG BG and ModelHG BG HW, were validated separately for the lactation and dry periods. Root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) ranged between 36.5 and 37.0 kg (ModelHG BG HW, ModelHG BG, lactation) and 39.9 and 41.3 kg (ModelHG BG HW, ModelHG BG, dry period). Accuracy of the predictions was evaluated by decomposing the mean square prediction error (MSPE) into error due to central tendency, error due to regression, and error due to disturbance. On average, 99.6 % of the variance between estimated and observed values was caused by disturbance, meaning that predictions were valid and without systematic estimation error. On the one hand, this indicates that the chosen traits sufficiently depicted factors influencing body weight. On the other hand, the data set was very heterogeneous and large. To ensure high prediction accuracy, it was necessary to include body girth traits for body weight estimation.
Hemispheric Conversations: Exploring Links between Past and Present, Industrial and Post-Industrial through Site-Specific Graffitti Practice at the Carrie Furnaces
Authors: Bruce Caitlin Frances
Published: October 2018

In this article, I briefly discuss a project I co-organized this year in collaboration with Oreen Cohen, Shane Pilster, Rivers of Steel, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Partners in the Arts, and the American Studies Association. Named “Hemispheric Conversations: Urban Art Project” we used international collaboration between artists in Chicago, Pittsburgh, and León Guanajuato Mexico as a platform for conversation about how to reimagine our shared urban spaces. In a political moment that might be a cause for despair, collaborative art practice in urban space can serve as one vehicle to reignite our shared sense of possibility and energy.
Coming to Confidence
Authors: Price Cecelia Ivy
Published: October 2018

Artist Portfolio
Border Check
Authors: Batrezchavez Hazel
Published: October 2018

Artist Portfolio
Katoba: A Rite of Passage in Muna Society, Indonesia
Authors: Taena La , Zainal Asliah , Suud Sudarmi , Anse La , Nia Murni
Published: October 2018

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on October 30, 2018.

If you have any further question, please contact us at: ach@ccsenet.org
The Forces Opposed to Abu Al-Abbas the Slaughter and the Mechanism of Dealing with Them
Authors: Al-Wahsh Shaden Mohammed
Published: October 2018

The Abbasid Call has declared its victory and the end of the Umayyad state and the beginning of the era of a new state, the Abbasid state. Abu Abbas, the first of the Abbasid caliphs, bore the burden of leadership over Ibrahim the imam, as well as the obstacles to its establishment and the various reactions that were issued in word and deed.However, leaders in history differ in their response to attitudes from one leader to another, the presence of the opposition forces in the Abbasid state showed the caliphs mechanism of dealing with the various positions and the extent of their knack and intelligence in dealing with them, and show the hidden aspects of the personality of each of the caliphs.Perhaps Abu Abbas the slaughter was the most prominent caliphs who suffered from the large number of opposition forces where he faced a large number of forces that threatened to remain in power, but his will and political intelligence managed to address them.Many scholars have studied the Umayyads or the ovaries or the revolutions of the Shiites in the Abbasid period, as many have studied the leaders of such as Abu Musallam Al-Kharasani and Abu Salamah, but Abu Abbas the slaughter did not have a large presence in these studies, and this research specialized about the methods and ways that Abu Abbas the slaughter used to deal with those different forces.
The Impact of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility on Job Satisfaction in Jordanian Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Obeidat Bader , Altheeb Sura , Masa’deh Ra’ed
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the impact of internal corporate social responsibility on job satisfaction in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies. Quantitative research design and regression analysis were applied on a total of 302 valid returns that were obtained in a questionnaire based survey from 14 pharmaceutical companies among employees, supervisors and managers. The results showed that internal corporate social responsibility was significantly related to job satisfaction and three of its dimensions, namely working conditions, work life balance and empowerment contributed significantly to job satisfaction, whereas employment stability and skills development had no contribution. This study implies that Jordanian pharmaceutical companies have to try their best to promote and facilitate internal corporate social responsibility among their employees in an effort to improve their job satisfaction, which will eventually yield positive results for the company as a whole. In light of these results, the research presented many recommendations for future research; the most important ones were the application of this study in other sectors, cultures, and countries, and using of multi method for collecting data.
Pharmaceutical Promotion Tools Effect on Physician's Adoption of Medicine Prescribing: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Alshurideh Muhammad , Kurdi Barween Al , Abumari AlaAbdullah , Salloum Said A.
Published: October 2018

The study aims to investigate the effect of pharmaceutical promotion tools on physician's adoption of medicine prescribing in Jordan. Medical representative detailing visit, promotional medicine price, external medical conference sponsorship, and free sampling were the main promotional tools investigated in this study. Researcher collected primary data using a questionnaire from a judgment sample of 150 practicing physicians in the private sector (non-probability sampling), who responded to the study questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there were a high level of acceptance and effect for the previously mentioned promotional tools on physicians’ adoption; the most influential independent variable was promotional medicine price followed by free sampling, while external medical conference sponsors and medical representative detailing visit were the lowest influential medical promotional tools. Managers and decision makers who are working in pharmaceutical companies in Jordan were recommended to focus on scientific detailing and free sampling and to decrease budget allocated for External medical conferences sponsorship.
The Capital Assets Pricing Model & Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Properties and Applications in Jordan
Authors: Alshomaly Ibrahim , Masa’deh Ra’ed
Published: October 2018

This paper aimed to test the validity of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and arbitrage pricing theory (APT) in Jordanian stock Market using three different firms of three main sectors, financial, industrial, and service sector for the period Q1 (2000) to Q4 (2016), using published information obtained from Amman stock exchange (ASE), these models were designed to measure the cost of capital using the coefficient of systematic risk factor, that used in the valuation of capital assets. We reviewed the most important similarities and differences between the two models out of sectors analysis. The study showed, first, there are some differences between the two models in term of the amount of systematic risk that can be eliminated by diversification in the three sectors. Second, the application of APT model showed that large percentage of risk can be eliminated by diversification more than CAPM model. Third, the banking sector in Jordan faces more systematic risks than other sectors.
Ser e sentido: o paradoxo do sofrimento
Authors: Giacoia Junior Oswaldo
Published: October 2018

Tomando como ensejo e base filoso fica a obra de Arthur Schopenhauer, o artigo elabora uma reflexa o sobre a natureza paradoxal do sofrimento na existência humana. A despeito de sua incontornável positividade - só o sofrimento é efetivamente real, bem estar é sempre a impermanente cessação do sofrimento -, ele é absurdo, e se implanta na raiz ontológica da finitude humana.
As vias de negação da vontade em Schopenhauer
Authors: Ribeiro Lívia
Published: October 2018

Neste artigo analiso como se da a transição da afirmação para a negaça o da vontade em suas duas vias, a do conhecimento e apropriaça o do sofrimento alheio e a do sofrimento radicalmente sentido. Para isso, exponho os atos compassivos como meios de fomentar a negaça o e questiono se há um tipo de caráter que favoreça o surgimento da negação pela primeira via, enquanto a segunda via torna possível a negação da vontade independente do caráter que o indivíduo expressava antes dessa experiência.
Uma leitura de "O Primo Basílio" à luz da filosofia de Schopenhauer
Authors: Martins Iasmim
Published: October 2018

Partindo da concepção schopenhaueriana de tragédia, podemos inferir que a obra O Primo Basílio, do português Eça de Queirós, contém o caráter sublime do trágico. Encontramos nesta obra a exposição da grande infelicidade essencial a tragédia, bem como a miséria humana, o impe rio da maldade, a resignação, e o caminho inevitável para a morte. Além disso, o romance se configura como uma grande crítica a sociedade, seu falso moralismo, sua mediocridade. Desse modo, aos olhos da filosofia de Schopenhauer, poderíamos afirmar que Eça, ale m de ter escrito uma obra de arte de grau mais elevado, pois apreende a essência dos homens e produz um romance que, em certo sentido, podemos dizer que se trata de uma tragédia, também denuncia todo tipo de embuste contido na sociedade burguesa, no convívio dos homens e até no caráter dos mesmos.
O caminho do criador
Authors: Costa Affonso Henrique Vieira da
Published: October 2018

O trabalho ora proposto, pensado a partir da crítica que Nietzsche faz a questão acerca da vontade em Schopenhauer, procurará apenas experimentar, de maneira introdutória, o que ele entende como arte e porque, a partir deste entendimento, ela se revelará como um contramovimento com relação ao niilismo, além de se manifestar como a forma mais contundente, mais clara, daquilo que ele nomeia como vontade de poder.
Fichte contra Schopenhauer? A doutrina do Eu como uma fonte teórica do "sujeito puro do conhecimento"
Authors: Ito Takao
Published: October 2018

O artigo investiga a possível gênese do conceito schopenhaueriano de “sujeito puro do conhecimento” por meio de uma análise das anotações do jovem Schopenhauer sobre algumas das aulas de Fichte.
O sublime schopenhaueriano em "As Flores do Mal" de Baudelaire
Authors: Souza Gabriela Nascimento
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo pretende investigar a possibilidade de compreender algumas poesias de As Flores do Mal de Baudelaire como exemplificação da experiência estética que é própria sublime dinâmico em Schopenhauer, caracterizada pela expressão da ideia de humanidade.
Classicismo e forma no pensamento estético de Schopenhauer
Authors: Barros Márcio Benchimol
Published: October 2018

Tendo por base um exame do papel desempenhado pela noção de forma no pensamento estético de Schopenhauer, o texto procura avaliar o grau de proximidade existente entre este pensamento e as ideias estéticas do classicismo alemão, recorrendo, para tanto, a um estudo comparativo entre as concepções de Johann Winckelmann e as reflexões schopenhauerianas sobre a arte e o belo
Considerações sobre o tédio em Schopenhauer e Fernando Pessoa: convergências e dissonâncias
Authors: Chevitarese Leandro Pinheiro
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo pretende investigar algumas convergências e dissonâncias acerca do conceito de “tédio” em Schopenhauer e na obra Livro do Desassossego, por Bernardo Soares, Fernando Pessoa.
Sulla presenza di Seneca nelle opere di Schopenhauer
Authors: Musio Andrea
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo busca definir um quadro o mais completo e linear possível das relações decorrentes entre o pensamento de Schopenhauer e do escritor latino Lúcio Aneu Sêneca, por meio da análise das citações presentes nos escritos publicados de Schopenhauer. Embora, às vezes, falte à abordagem do filósofo de Danzig rigor filológico e, de modo ainda mais frequente, uma contiguidade em relação ao contexto no qual as ideias estão inseridas, não se pode senão evidenciar um conhecimento amplo, orgânico, aprofundado da obra de Sêneca, pela qual Schopenhauer nutre uma sincera admiração. Isso fica claro pela natureza e pela quantidade dos textos citados, além de algumas notas que os acompanham. O presente texto segue um critério cronológico, com o qual cada parágrafo do artigo é dedicado às citações de Sêneca presentes em uma obra específica de Schopenhauer.
Schopenhauer e la fondazione laica dell'etica
Authors: Ciracì Fabio
Published: October 2018

Com o presente artigo pretende-se apresentar a fundação laica da moral de Arthur Schopenhauer, mostrando como o discurso moral schopenhaueriano se articula e descrevendo as duas condições indicadas pelo filósofo para o alcance da negação da vontade de vida: a ascética-contemplativa do gênio, reservada a poucos eleitos, e a compaixão, aberta à maior parte dos homens. A pré-disposição à compaixão é individual e inata, assim como o caráter do qual ela se origina. Todavia, o compadecer-se, algo entendido como uma inclinação natural que permanece in potentia, pode ser suscitado também pela experiência da própria dor, mediante uma “segunda e melhor navegação”, o schopenhaueriano deuteros plous.
Criminalization and self-control as "ruse of the conscious will" for Eduard von Hartmann
Authors: Haaz Ignace
Published: October 2018

Leis criminais existem para punir pessoas de acordo com suas infrações, quando há um culpado errado alguém deveria ser criminalizado e punido. Uma distintiva voz moral: o erro criminal que nós não encontramos além é revelado e qualquer investigação ética normativa o deveria mostrar, conforme uma específica categoria axiológica e moral relacionadas a tais más condutas. Por que não supor uma gênese inconsciente nas faculdades sensíveis, por que há uma constituição do que o homem é, ensinada através da história? Edward von Hartmann pensa que o papel normativo das funções de autocontrole acontece através de diferentes princípios morais. Isto é válido também em crimes éticos. Pensando o processo que começa a ser moralmente relevante, o criminoso é moralmente apresentado como “artimanha da vontade consciente”: pré eticamente, por específicos intintos psicológicos e, metafisicamente, pela formação do caráter.
Schopenhauer e os vínculos entre vontade, intuição e racionalidade
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo Ribeiro da
Published: October 2018

O organismo (Organismus) humano é, na visão de Schopenhauer, manifestação da Vontade e o corpo (Leib) Vontade objetivada. Neste sentido, existe uma relação dependente do intelecto em relação à Vontade. Esta aparece frente ao psiquismo como a manifestação de um querer inconsciente, e, a partir disso, define-se o intelecto como coisa física e consciente, em contraste com a Vontade, que é metafísica e inconsciente. A racionalidade é um aspecto do psiquismo humano e não seu fundamento. Mais fundamental é a intuição intelectual proporcionada pelo entendimento, que realmente capta e dá forma ao mundo, através das formas básicas a priori do tempo, do espaço, e da causalidade. Ao fundo das intuições intelectuais e das abstrações conceituais, no entanto, estão aspectos afetivos, que efetivamente direcionam o intelecto e determinam o posicionamento psíquico frente à efetividade.
Introdução a Schopenhauer, de Adolphe Bossert
Authors: Dalcol Mônica Saldanha
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho não apresenta resumo.
A história e a atual situação dos estudos schopenhauerianos no Brasil
Authors: Cacciola Maria Lúcia , Salviano Jarlee , Debona Vilmar
Published: October 2018

O trabalho não apresenta resumo.
Sobre a atribuição de valor moral em Schopenhauer
Authors: Cavasin Marcelo G.
Published: October 2018

Em “Sobre o fundamento da moral”, Schopenhauer admite como critério para que uma ação seja dotada de valor moral “a ausência de toda a motivação egoísta” 1 . Essa assertiva é, propriamente dizendo, o critério seguro para a atribuição ou não de valor moral às ações. Assim, ela mostra que à base de toda ação moral está a motivação não egoísta. Dessa maneira, a asserção “a ausência de toda motivação egoísta é, portanto, o critério de uma ação dotada de valor moral” 2 é, a bem dizer, uma forma resumida da resposta à questão posta a prêmio pela Real Sociedade Dinamarquesa, à qual “Sobre o fundamento da moral” é escrito concorrente. Começamos, assim, pela resposta, pelo critério que permite atribuir ou não valor moral. Admitindo o critério, nossa linha argumentativa perpassará os argumentos schopenhauerianos, iniciando com a valoração moral, depois, pela possibilidade de existência de ações morais e concluindo com o fundamento metafísico da moral, de modo que, ao propor questões sobre os argumentos do filósofo, sejamos por elas guiados.
O sentido da noção de sublimação na filosofia de Schopenhauer
Authors: Fonseca Eduardo Ribeiro da
Published: October 2018

Freud pensa a sublimação ("Sublimierung") como uma modificação das ações e objetos de satisfação ("Befriedigung") dos impulsos sexuais, ocasionada pela diferença entre o grau de pressão do desejo e as possibilidades de satisfação direta. A diferença entre uma coisa e outra resulta no fator que impele os impulsos rumo aos seus destinos “dessexualizados”. Estes possibilitam formas de aprimoramento da linguagem e produção de bens culturais que resultam no processo civilizatório, capitalizando as forças da sexualidade e as redirecionando para alvos socialmente produtivos. Por isso, toda atividade humana é sempre sexualizada em algum grau e visa satisfação. Mas, no caso de Schopenhauer acontece o mesmo? O filósofo da Vontade utiliza dois termos: sublimação ("Sublimierung"), que esclarece um processo de conversão, sutilização e embelezamento das representações, embora não seja feita nenhuma tentativa de sistematização diretamente como destino de impulso. Esta noção é complementada pelo conceito de sublime ("Erhabenen") presente especialmente na metafísica do belo ("Metaphysik des Schönen"), que caracteriza o homem como “ímpeto tempestuoso e obscuro do querer”, que tem a polaridade “dos órgãos genitais como seu foco”, e simultaneamente o contraste da polaridade do cérebro, que na linguagem do filósofo representa o “sujeito eterno, livre, sereno, do puro conhecer.”
O conhecimento do belo em Schopenhauer
Authors: Germer Guilherme Marconi
Published: October 2018

Apresentaremos sumariamente o esclarecimento metafísico de Schopenhauer do belo – o qual, para ele, “recebeu pela primeira vez sua explanação apropriada durante todo o... terceiro livro” de "Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung". Em linhas gerais, Schopenhauer aclara que o conhecimento do belo se eleva sobre o conhecimento ordinário e o científico: pois esse tem, pelo lado objetivo, os fenômenos relativos e fugazes do princípio de razão, e pelo subjetivo, o sujeito cognoscente subordinado à Vontade; enquanto que o conhecimento o do belo consiste, pelo lado objetivo, nas Idéias eternas e arquetípicas de Platão, a “objetivação mais adequada possível da Vontade”, e pelo subjetivo, o “puro e atemporal sujeito do conhecimento destituído de Vontade e sofrimento”. Contudo, o filósofo adverte que o belo ainda é um “sonho passageiro”, pois só liberta momentaneamente da Vontade, e não definitivamente, como o ascetismo.
Da afirmação da vontade de vida: "Suplemento 45"
Authors: Lima Felipe Cardoso Martins , Souza Marcelo Prates de , Souza Edy Klévia Fraga de
Published: October 2018

O trabalho não apresenta resumo.
Um tipo de justiça infalível: a Justiça Eterna
Authors: Durante Felipe Dos Santos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor em linhas gerais o conceito de Justiça Eterna (ewige Gerechtigkeit) formulado por Arthur Schopenhauer.
Ilustrações para uma metafísica da música a partir de Schopenhauer
Authors: Silva Luan Corrêa da
Published: October 2018

Schopenhauer propõe, em O mundo como vontade e como representação, uma consideração metafísica da música, em oposição a sua consideração física. Mostra, a partir daí, de que maneira a música é expressão da própria essência do mundo e como é possível uma analogia do próprio mundo com ela. Essa tese, que influenciou de imediato pensadores e compositores – representando um salto importante para a compreensão do fenômeno da música – permite-nos refletir a música como não apenas uma expressão do humano, mas como constituinte dele; ou seja, permite-nos mostrar de que maneira a metafísica da música pode ser pensada enquanto uma disciplina independente do autor. Assim, torna-se possível mostrar a relevância do pensamento de Schopenhauer para as experiências contemporâneas da música e, então, inseri-lo de forma efetiva nas discussões atuais.
Seeking “home”: Personal narratives and turning points in the lives of adult homeless
Authors: Androutsopoulou Athena , Stefanou Maria-Marditsa
Published: October 2018

The way homeless persons construct their self-narratives and shape their identities has recently become the subject of narrative studies in the western world. The present inquiry adopts the theoretical notion that narration is the means by which the self-constructs and re-constructs her identity. This construction is organised around life’s perceived “turning points”. Eight interviews with homeless adults living in Athens, Greece were conducted. The main question guiding the interviews was: “How did you get at the present point in your life?” We focused on their past, present and future, with emphasis on possible turning points. The interviews were combined with a story-line graph which participants believed to be representative of their unfolding lives. The narrative analysis indicated that experiences of homelessness were not marked as turning points per se. Rather, four emerging themes describe other important turning points: repeated loss, (dis)connection, new “home”, freedom. Homeless persons experienced a continuity in hardship and trauma since childhood. However, their experiences, following the loss of home, were not always negative, and they expected the future to be brighter. Discussed are implications for social caring in exploring the deeper meaning of “home”. Particular suggestions are put forward for social and counselling services.
Draw squares, and you will discover that many competent and rigorous people are around you: Shape priming influences impressions regarding the interpersonal environment
Authors: Okamura Yasuto , Ura Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2018

The effects of drawing circles and squares on personality judgments in a metaphor-consistent manner, the round-warm and square-competent associations were investigated. We conducted a study in which participants drew as many circles or squares as possible and responded to a questionnaire assessing their interpersonal environment. Results showed that participants in the round condition responded that there were significantly more warm people around them than those in the square condition, and those in the square condition responded that there were significantly more competent and rigorous people around them than those in the round condition. These findings confirmed the metaphor-consistent effect of shapes on social perceptions.
Естетически предпочитания при лица с екстравертна и интровертна насоченост
Authors: Yordanova Bilyana , Krastev Lyudmil
Published: October 2018

Настоящата статия е част от мащабно проучване проведено в периода юни 2016 - април 2018 година, което разглежда спецификата на естетическите предпочитания на личността в контекста на различни личностни и индивидуални особености. Конкретно тук се представя индивидуалното разнообразие в естетическата оценка спрямо личностната дименсия екстраверсия - интроверсия. Чрез статистическата процедура конджойнт анализ се установяват множество значими различия в оценката им на различни цветове, геометрични форми и симетрия.
Transdisciplinary approaches embedded through PERMA with autistic individual: A case study
Authors: Roncaglia Irina
Published: October 2018

Transdisciplinary approaches (TDA) have provided a useful way to assess, formulate and monitor personalized individual strategies which share a common starting point where expertise from different disciplines come together in better and more efficiently understanding the individual’s special needs and their autism. This paper aims to present through a single-case study how shared formulation informing interventions and strategies have been applied by adopting a transdisciplinary embedded approach through the adoption of a model of well-being – PERMA model. Differences between multi-disciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches are briefly discussed. Identification of barriers to accessing learning, evidence-based challenging behaviour profiles, identification of sensory and functional communication needs, a shared understanding of the individual and a consistent resilient team approach are presented and discussed. Qualitative and quantitative outcomes are ultimately presented and discussed with further reflections on the impact for the wider education practice and provision.
Reference values for Cobb angles when evaluating the spine in the sagittal plane: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Furlanetto Tássia Silveira , Sedrez Juliana Adami , Candotti Cláudia Tarragô , Loss Jefferson Fagundes
Published: October 2018

The present systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis aim to identify the reference values of the spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane, as evaluated using the Cobb angle in X-rays, in healthy individuals. Electronic searches were undertaken in MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect and LILACS. Studies that evaluated the spinal curvature of healthy children, adolescents, adults, and elderly using Cobb method and presented reference values for those curvatures were incluced. Thirty-one studies were eligible for inclusion. The reference values found (confidence interval 95%) were: for children, thoracic (28.7°-37.9°), lumbar L1-L5 (34.5o-44.8º), and lumbar L1-S1 (41.7o-54.1o); for adolescents: thoracic (31.5o-39.2o), lumbar L1-L5 (39.8o-45.6o), and lumbar L1-S1 (51.9o-59.1o); for adults: thoracic (33.7o-40.3o), lumbar L1-L5 (38.1o-45.6o), and lumbar L1-S1 (54.2o-61.7o); and for the elderly: thoracic (37.7º-50.4o), and lumbar L1-S1 (56.6º-65.9o). For the cervical region, it was impossible to establish consistent reference values. The present study supports that precise reference intervals were identified for the sagittal curvatures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in healthy children, adolescents, adults and elderly, as evaluated by means of the Cobb Method.
Futsal as a strategy for the improvement of elementary abilities and for the development of the body image in children
Authors: Machado Amanda A. , Bezerra Ingrid S. , Ponciano Katia Regina , Rica Roberta L. , Gama Eliane F. , Figueira Junior Aylton , Gimenez Roberto , Bocalini Danilo Sales
Published: October 2018

This current study aims to analyze the contribution of futsal practice in global praxis and body image in children in a specialized motor stage, evaluating the motor performance before and after an intervention in the following factors: hands and feet global praxis and body image. It was adopted the application method of 18 one-hour twice a week session, divided into three modules, I) displacement activities in different directions; II) coordination activities and reaction time and III) throwing and kicking activities. Twenty male participants, aged 8 to 12 years, with normal motor development were used. The survey was conducted at a private school. The results found were a significant improvement in the hits of the tennis balls with hands and make the number of hits in kicking the ball with his feet. Regarding the analysis of body image after the proposed intervention, the children has shown the body parts performance incorporated in drawings that were not previously present. It is concluded that there are positive contributions of the futsal practice in respect to the global praxis practice and body image in children in a specialized motor stage.
Perceived Risk Questionnaire in Canyoners: content validity, cross-validation and transcultural invariance across Portugal and Spain
Authors: Brandão António , Monteiro Diogo , Pereira Joel , Coelho Eduarda , Quaresma Luís
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire related to the risk perception in canyoning. Cross-validation and transcultural invariance, across Portugal and Spain, were also analysed. A total of 707 canyoners (81.3% males, 18.7% females) from Portugal (47.5%) and Spain (52.5%) participated in this study, with ages between 18 and 57 years old (M = 36.13; SD = 7.71). The initial version of questionnaire had 49 items. With the Temporal Reliability Analysis, the items that showed no correlation between the two moments of the administration of the questionnaire, p>.05, were removed and only 46 items remained. The Exploratory Factor Analysis was developed by choosing the 25 items with higher factorial weight. Six dimensions were found which we managed to identify and characterise with the help of literature. With the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and based on the analysis of the modification indices, 4 items were eliminated, as they presented very high residual values, which contributed to an inadequacy of the model. In this manner, a questionnaire with 21 items was achieved. The final version of the questionnaire showed acceptable values related to reliability and construct validation. Therefore, this allows it to be used in the risk perception in canyoning, with 21 items, distributed among 6 dimensions.
Who’s your daddy? A behavioral and genetic study of multiple paternity in a polygamous marine invertebrate, Octopus oliveri
Authors: Ylitalo Heather , Oliver Thomas A , Fernandez-Silva Iria , Wood James B , Toonen Robert J
Published: October 2018

Octopus oliveri is a widespread and common rocky intertidal cephalopod that mates readily in the laboratory, but for which mating behavior has not been reported previously. Four sets of behavioral experiments were recorded wherein three males, in varying order, were introduced to each of the six females, for a total of 24 females and 12 males. Video analysis shows that successful mating occurred in each of the mount, reach and beak-to-beak positions. Mating was observed for all males, regardless of size relative to the female, or order of introduction. Females showed preference for the first male to which they were introduced in experimental pairings rather than any specific male trait, and mating time increased significantly with increasing female size. Five novel microsatellite markers were developed and used to test paternity in the eleven broods resulting from these experimental pairings. We find skewed paternity in each brood, with early male precedence and male size being the best predictors of parentage. Multiple paternity was observed in every experimental cross but was estimated to be comparatively low in the field, suggesting that sperm limitation may be common in this species. We see no evidence of direct sperm competition in Octopus oliveri, but larger males produce significantly more offspring, perhaps because they can include more spermatozoa in spermatophores. This study contributes to the growing research on cephalopod mating systems and indicates that octopus mating dynamics may be more variable and complex than thought previously.
Decoupling from yolk sac is required for extraembryonic tissue spreading in the scuttle fly Megaselia abdita
Authors: Caroti Francesca , González Avalos Everardo , Noeske Viola , González Avalos Paula , Kromm Dimitri , Wosch Maike , Schütz Lucas , Hufnagel Lars , Lemke Steffen
Published: October 2018

Extraembryonic tissues contribute to animal development, which often entails spreading over embryo or yolk. Apart from changes in cell shape, the requirements for this tissue spreading are not well understood. Here, we analyze spreading of the extraembryonic serosa in the scuttle fly Megaselia abdita. The serosa forms from a columnar blastoderm anlage, becomes a squamous epithelium, and eventually spreads over the embryo proper. We describe the dynamics of this process in long-term, whole-embryo time-lapse recordings, demonstrating that free serosa spreading is preceded by a prolonged pause in tissue expansion. Closer examination of this pause reveals mechanical coupling to the underlying yolk sac, which is later released. We find mechanical coupling prolonged and serosa spreading impaired after knockdown of M. abdita Matrix metalloprotease 1. We conclude that tissue–tissue interactions provide a critical functional element to constrain spreading epithelia.
Organisms with alternative genetic codes resolve unassigned codons via mistranslation and ribosomal rescue
Authors: Ma Natalie Jing , Hemez Colin F , Barber Karl W , Rinehart Jesse , Isaacs Farren J
Published: October 2018

Organisms possessing genetic codes with unassigned codons raise the question of how cellular machinery resolves such codons and how this could impact horizontal gene transfer. Here, we use a genomically recoded Escherichia coli to examine how organisms address translation at unassigned UAG codons, which obstruct propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids. Using mass spectrometry, we show that recoded organisms resolve translation at unassigned UAG codons via near-cognate suppression, dramatic frameshifting from at least −3 to +19 nucleotides, and rescue by ssrA-encoded tmRNA, ArfA, and ArfB. We then demonstrate that deleting tmRNA restores expression of UAG-ending proteins and propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids in the recoded strain, indicating that tmRNA rescue and nascent peptide degradation is the cause of impaired virus and plasmid propagation. The ubiquity of tmRNA homologs suggests that genomic recoding is a promising path for impairing horizontal gene transfer and conferring genetic isolation in diverse organisms.
Real-time classification of experience-related ensemble spiking patterns for closed-loop applications
Authors: Ciliberti Davide , Michon Frédéric , Kloosterman Fabian
Published: October 2018

Communication in neural circuits across the cortex is thought to be mediated by spontaneous temporally organized patterns of population activity lasting ~50 –200 ms. Closed-loop manipulations have the unique power to reveal direct and causal links between such patterns and their contribution to cognition. Current brain–computer interfaces, however, are not designed to interpret multi-neuronal spiking patterns at the millisecond timescale. To bridge this gap, we developed a system for classifying ensemble patterns in a closed-loop setting and demonstrated its application in the online identification of hippocampal neuronal replay sequences in the rat. Our system decodes multi-neuronal patterns at 10 ms resolution, identifies within 50 ms experience-related patterns with over 70% sensitivity and specificity, and classifies their content with 95% accuracy. This technology scales to high-count electrode arrays and will help to shed new light on the contribution of internally generated neural activity to coordinated neural assembly interactions and cognition.
Support for a clade of Placozoa and Cnidaria in genes with minimal compositional bias
Authors: Laumer Christopher E , Gruber-Vodicka Harald , Hadfield Michael G , Pearse Vicki B , Riesgo Ana , Marioni John C , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: October 2018

The phylogenetic placement of the morphologically simple placozoans is crucial to understanding the evolution of complex animal traits. Here, we examine the influence of adding new genomes from placozoans to a large dataset designed to study the deepest splits in the animal phylogeny. Using site-heterogeneous substitution models, we show that it is possible to obtain strong support, in both amino acid and reduced-alphabet matrices, for either a sister-group relationship between Cnidaria and Placozoa, or for Cnidaria and Bilateria as seen in most published work to date, depending on the orthologues selected to construct the matrix. We demonstrate that a majority of genes show evidence of compositional heterogeneity, and that support for the Cnidaria + Bilateria clade can be assigned to this source of systematic error. In interpreting these results, we caution against a peremptory reading of placozoans as secondarily reduced forms of little relevance to broader discussions of early animal evolution.
Active presynaptic ribosomes in the mammalian brain, and altered transmitter release after protein synthesis inhibition
Authors: Scarnati Matthew S , Kataria Rahul , Biswas Mohana , Paradiso Kenneth G
Published: October 2018

Presynaptic neuronal activity requires the localization of thousands of proteins that are typically synthesized in the soma and transported to nerve terminals. Local translation for some dendritic proteins occurs, but local translation in mammalian presynaptic nerve terminals is difficult to demonstrate. Here, we show an essential ribosomal component, 5.8S rRNA, at a glutamatergic nerve terminal in the mammalian brain. We also show active translation in nerve terminals, in situ, in brain slices demonstrating ongoing presynaptic protein synthesis in the mammalian brain. Shortly after inhibiting translation, the presynaptic terminal exhibits increased spontaneous release, an increased paired pulse ratio, an increased vesicle replenishment rate during stimulation trains, and a reduced initial probability of release. The rise and decay rates of postsynaptic responses were not affected. We conclude that ongoing protein synthesis can limit excessive vesicle release which reduces the vesicle replenishment rate, thus conserving the energy required for maintaining synaptic transmission.
A kinematic synergy for terrestrial locomotion shared by mammals and birds
Authors: Catavitello Giovanna , Ivanenko Yury , Lacquaniti Francesco
Published: October 2018

Locomotion of tetrapods on land adapted to different environments and needs resulting in a variety of different gait styles. However, comparative analyses reveal common principles of limb movement control. Here, we report that a kinematic synergy involving the planar covariation of limb segment motion holds in 54 different animal species (10 birds and 44 mammals), despite large differences in body size, mass (ranging from 30 g to 4 tonnes), limb configuration, and amplitude of movements. This kinematic synergy lies at the interface between the neural command signals output by locomotor pattern generators, the mechanics of the body center of mass and the external environment, and it may represent one neuromechanical principle conserved in evolution to save mechanical energy.