bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Interpersonal Communication and Work Satisfaction on Teacher Performance at SD Negeri Bandar Baru, Pidie Jaya Aceh
Authors: Darmawati Darmawati , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Situmorang Benyamin , Nasrun Nasrun , Akmaluddin Akmaluddin
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine and review: (1) teacher performance models that are built based on the associative causal relationship between exogenous variables and endogenous variables, (2) the effect of interpersonal communication on job satisfaction, (3) the effect of interpersonal communication on teacher performance, (4) the effect of satisfaction on teacher performance. This research was conducted in elementary schools with 154 respondents from 28 public elementary schools in Pidie Jaya. For questionnaire data collection with five alternative answer choices, while for the performance variable is done by observation using an observation sheet. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. The instrument used was preceded by a trial to respondents outside the sample to obtain a valid and relative instrument. Validity test uses product moment correlation, whereas to test its reliability with the Alpha formula from Cronbach. Before testing the hypothesis first, the analysis requirements test is calculated including the data normality test and the regression linearity test. The results showed (1) obtained by the teacher performance model, (2) Interpersonal communication had a direct positive effect on job satisfaction, (3) Interpersonal communication had a direct positive effect on teacher performance, (4)Job satisfaction had a positive direct effect on teacher performance. Based on the acceptance of research hypotheses, a theoretical model or fixed model is found that describes the structure of the causal relationship between Interpersonal Communication variables, organizational culture, job satisfaction, work motivation and teacher performance while to test its reliability with the Alpha formula from Cronbach.
Communication Behavior in Political Life Ethnic Java at Medan
Authors: Katimin Katimin , Kholil Syukur , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: August 2020

Javanese ethnicity is the most ethnic group in Medan City, so politically the opportunity to occupy political positions such as the Regional Head is very large, but until the 2019 elections the Mayor of Medan was never held by the Javanese ethnic group. This study aims to determine and analyze the motives underlying Communication Behavior in Political Life / Political Choice of ethnic Javanese Muslims in Medan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data obtained through interviews and direct observation. The results of the study mentioned that there are 4 motives underlying the behavior of communication in the political life of ethnic Javanese Muslims in Medan, specifically related to political choices, namely religious, economic, competence, and commitment to commitment.
Relationship between Physical Activities, Stress and Eating Patterns with the Risk of Hipertension in Women in Baiturrahman Community Health Centers Banda Aceh
Authors: Sari Etika , Yusni Yusni , Usman Said , Syukri Maimun , Yusuf Hanifah
Published: August 2020

The pattern of disease events at this time has experienced a change marked by changes in disease and death that were originally dominated by infectious diseases switch to non-communicable diseases. In the 2018 Riskesdas results the prevalence of hypertension in Aceh increased compared to 2013. Purpose: to find out the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in women at the Baiturrahman Health Center in Banda Aceh City. Research Methods: This research is a type of quantitative research with cross-sectional study design conducted on 124 samples. Sampling was carried out using the Accidental Sampling technique. Data analysis uses univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Statistical analysis using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between family history (p-value = 0.007, OR = 2.8), food consumption patterns (p-value = 0.025, OR = 2.5), obesity status (p-value = 0.046, OR = 2.2), Physical activity (p-value = 0.012, OR = 3.2) and Stress (p-value = 0.017, OR = 2.9) with the incidence of hypertension in women. Multivariate analysis results indicate that family history is a dominant factor in the incidence of hypertension (OR = 4.7). Conclusion: Family history, food consumption patterns, obesity, physical activity and stress are related to the incidence of hypertension and the most dominant factor in the incidence of hypertension in women in the working area of the Baiturrahman Health Center in Banda City is family history of hypertension.
Influence of Madrasah Head Leadership, Motivation and Madrasah Culture on Teacher Performance in Madrasah Aliyah Model 2 Medan
Authors: Siahaan Amiruddin , Rafida Tien , Batubara Khairunnisa
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the influence of madrasa head leadership on teacher performance; (2) the effect of motivation on teacher performance (3) the influence of madrasa culture on teacher performance; (4) the influence of madrasa head leadership and motivation on teacher performance in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Model. The study was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Model located on Wiliem Iskandar no. 7A Medan. This research is a quantitative study with a population of 149 people and a sample of 109 people who were determined using the Slovin method. The results showed that (1) there was a positive and significant influence between the leadership of the madrasah head on teacher performance; (2) there is a positive and significant effect between motivation on teacher performance. (3) there is a positive and significant influence between madrasa culture on teacher performance. (4) there is a positive and significant influence between madrasah head leadership and motivation on teacher performance. (5) there is a positive and significant influence between the leadership of the madrasa headmaster and madrasa culture on teacher performance. (6) there is a positive and significant influence between motivation and madrasa culture on teacher performance. (7) there is a positive and significant influence between madrasah head leadership, motivation and madrasa culture together on teacher performance. Madrasah headship leadership, motivation and madrasa culture have an effect on teacher performance by 53.4% and the remaining 46.6% is determined by other factors.
The Principal's Strategies in Forming Student Character of SMP Al-Azhar Medan
Authors: Wijaya Candra , Sinaga Ali Imran , Harahap Widia
Published: August 2020

This study aims to reveals the principal leadership strategies in forming student character in Al-Azhar Middle School Medan. The approach used in this study is a descriptive analysis approach. According to Sumadi Suryabrata, a descriptive approach is a form of approach that is carried out using a systematic and accurate scribal (exposure or description) regarding the facts and characteristics of the population. This approach is used to describe and analyze the leadership strategy of the Al-Azhar Medan Middle School leadership.The research location is a place where researchers conduct research so that researchers get information in accordance with the themes discussed. This research was conducted at Jalan Pintu Air IV No. 214 Kwala Bekala, District: Medan Johor, Medan City, and North Sumatera. The result shows that the principal's leadership strategy in forming the character of students are exemplar, discipline, advice and assign tasks to teachers.
Character and Student Ability of Covid-19 Understanding in Digital Era in 2020
Authors: Bania Allif Syahputra , Nuraini Nuraini , Ulfa Maria
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe the character of students towards the understanding of Covid-19 in the digital age, to describe the ability of students to translate understanding of terminology relating to Covid-19 in the digital age, and to describe the effectiveness of digital campus on understanding covid-19 by students in the digital age. The data analysis technique in this research is quantitative descriptive. The result shows that The ability of students to translate intralingually new words that were present during the Covid-19 period is very good and dominant in number. The dominant character of students in putting an interest in the knowledge, learning and translation of new words during the Covid-19 pandemic to deal with the spread of Covid-19 was very good, interested, uplifting and enthusiastic. The level of effectiveness of digital campuss by students when the corona pandemic is very high and dominant. Thank you to the LPPM & PM Universitas Samudra from the DIPA 2020 funds and all those who assisted our research activities so that we can complete the flagship basic research.
Democracy and Corruption Causality in Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Azwar , Subekan Achmat
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the causality between democracy and corruption in Indonesia for the period of 1995 to 2017. This study perform a multivariate cointegration test with government expenditure as a control variable and cross-check this long-run relationship with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach to cointegration beside multivariate approach proposed by Johansen & Juselius. The results show that there is cointegration among the variables specified in the model of corruption equation when government expenditure is taken into account. Indeed, for corruption and democracy to move together in the long run, they need to be associated with government expenditure. The tests for Granger Causality conducted show a long-run causality running from democracy and government expenditure to corruption. In other word, the democracy and government expenditure Granger cause corruption and not the reverse. In short-run, there is neutrality causation between democracy and corruption.
Effect of Ferric Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Iraqi Bentonite Performance in Water Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Al-Ghanimi Ghofran F. , Al-Zubaidi Nada S.
Published: August 2020

In oil and gas industry, the nanotechnology has been applied in different fields. Reservoir, exploration, drilling, completion, production, processing, and refinery are nanotechnology applications fields. Nanoparticles materials are one of the areas that are utilized in preparing drilling fluids. These nanomaterials are used to formulate high performance drilling fluids. In other words, these nano particles materials can be used to design smart drilling fluids. The properties of these drilling fluids can be met the well conditions requirements. The aim of this study is to enhance the performance of Iraqi bentonite in drilling fluids using nanomaterials. Iraqi calcium montmorillonite clay (Ca- bentonite) from Wadi Bashera in Iraqi Western Desert was obtained and studied in order to use it as an alternative active solid to the imported commercial bentonite. Water based drilling fluids were prepared with 3, 6, and 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. Mgnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with different concentrations were used. The experimental work showed that, MgO NPs resulted in a significant increase in the rheological properties of drilling fluids prepared with 3 and 6 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite. In contrast,  moderate effect on the rheological properties of drilling fluid prepared with 12 wt. % of Iraqi bentonite were obtained with low concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Basically drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite had extreme filtrate volume compared with API specifications and poor controlling to filtration properties were obtained with MgO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs additions. The impact of these two nanomaterials was revealed on the stability of drilling fluids prepared with Iraqi bentonite, where an enhancemment from 65 % to 100% was observed.
Evaluation of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Akter Salma , Begum Firoza , Abbasi Sharmin
Published: August 2020

During pregnancy Nitric oxide is one of the most important relaxing factors for myometrium and also in the control of blood flow in uterus and placenta. Nitric oxide is generated by endothelial type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acts as a vasodilator.

Objective:To investigate the level of nitric oxide (NO) production in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and in normal pregnancy.

Materials and Methods: A case control study was undertaken in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from january to july 2014. The study population was pregnant women having preeclampsia and normal pregnancy who attended the OPD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in BSMMU between 29 to 40 weeks of gestation. As because of transient and volatile nature of nitric oxide, it was unsuitable to measure the nitric oxide level by conventional method. However, two stable break down product, nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrate (NO2 -) could be easily detected by sprectophototric means. Nitrate (NO2 -) was first converted to Nitrite (NO3 -) by reduction process using cadmium. Then concentration was measured by using Griess reagent in UV sprectophototric machine. This procedure was done in the Biochemistry Department, Dhaka University.

Results: The mean nitrite level was found 18.37}3.64 mol/L in case group and 25.57}2.11mol/ L in control group, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in control group. The mean serum creatinine level was found 1.19}0.28 mg/dl in case group and 0.65}0.1 mg/dl in control group. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in case groups. Nitrite level had no correlation with onset of hypertension (r=-0.006; p=0.966), onset of proteinuria (r=0.071; p=0.623), systolic blood pressure (r=0.012; p=0.933), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.159; p=0.269) and urine protein (r=0.047, p=0.748).

Conclusion: As pregnancy progressed there was a decrease in plasma nitric oxide levels in preeclampsia. Urine uric acid to creatinine ratio increased with the decrease in nitric oxide levels and can be used as a marker for preeclampsia.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 60-66
Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Labour in Tertiary Health Centre
Authors: Khanum Mst Afroza , Lavereen Salma , Moniruzzaman - , Romana -
Published: August 2020

Background: Currently preterm labour is one of the most challenging problems confronting the obstetricians and perinatologists. This unfortunate episode accounts for 50-75% of the perinatal mortality.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 210 pregnant women with preterm labour admitted in Monno Medical College Hospital, Manikganj from June 2014 to December 2015, to study the causes and outcome of preterm birth in Tertiary health centre of Manikganj.

Results: Occurence of preterm birth was 13.82%; 47.14% occured between 34-37 weeks of gestation; 33.80% occured 31-33 weeks of gestation and occurred in 28-30 weeks 19.04%. About 22% patients presenting with preterm labour had a past history of abortions and 14.3% had a history of preterm delivery. Premature rupture of membranes was found to be the most common risk factor related with preterm labour in the present pregnancy. Genitourinary tract infection was the next important risk factor of preterm labour; 24.8% (86) patients had either vaginal infection (19.5%) or urinary infection (21.4%) or both. Another important risk factor identified in this study was antepartum haemorrage which was cause in 11.4 % cases. Preterm babies commonly suffered from various complications like jaundice (32.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (22.6%), asphyxia (13.5%), sepsis, hypoglycemia and coagulopathy.

Conclusion: Most of the preterm births occured between 34-37 weeks of gestation. Most common risk factors of preterm births are history of abortion and preterm delivery in previous pregnancy; PROM UTI vaginal infection, PIH and APH in correct pregnancy. Newborn jaundice, RDS and birth asphyxia are the common neonatal morbidity in preterm labour. Identifying risk factors to prevent the onset of preterm labour and advanced neonatal care unit can help decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 90-93
Aspirin to Prevent Preeclampsia
Authors: Begum Ferdousi , Chowdhury TA
Published: August 2020

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and childbirth. There are recommendations on use of medications to prevent preeclampsia, including low dose aspirin.

Objective: The objective of this review is to discuss role of aspirin in reducing the incidence and maternal mortality and morbidity due to preeclampsia including its dose and duration of use.

Methods: Review of available literature in internet and from libraries.

Results: Four large randomized trials have demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of preeclampsia in patients treated with low-dose aspirin prophylaxis compared with placebo/ no treatment (15 versus 19 percent, 18 versus 20 percent, 6.7 versus 7.6 percent, and 1.6 versus 4.3 percent); however, the results were statistically significant in only the last trial. When data from these and other trials were pooled, meta-analyses supported the significance of the trend observed in individual trials. When begun early in the second trimester, use of low-dose aspirin (75-150 mg) reduced the incidence of preeclampsia by at least 10 percent, with the greatest absolute benefit in women at moderate to high risk of developing the disease. Serious sequelae of early onset preeclampsia, such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, were also reduced.

Conclusion: Low-dose aspirin reduces the frequency of preeclampsia, as well as related adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, growth restriction), by about 10 to 20 percent when given to women at moderate to high risk of the disease. It has an excellent maternal/ fetal safety profile in pregnancy. WHO recommends Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, 75 mg) for the prevention of preeclampsia in women at high risk of developing the condition; should be initiated before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It should be taken preferably from 13th week of pregnancy, daily, regularly and may be discontinued 5 to 10 days before delivery.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 106-116
Iatrogenic Rupture Uterus with Bowel Prolapse – Missmanaged Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Akther Nasren , Dav Palash Kumar , Sultana Mamuni , Kundu Dilip Kumar
Published: August 2020

We present a case of mismanaged 3rd stage of labour by untrained dai who delivered the patient by injudicious administration of uterotoric drug and tried to remove the placenta manually with excavation of the small intestine through vagina. Every women present a unique challenge during her pregnancy and delivery period, unfortunately a significant number will have medical and surgical problems which will complicate their pregnancy and puerperal period, develop such serious condition that the lives of both mother and their unborn baby will be threatened. The aim of this case presentation are to ensure the ANC for every women and facilitate to make informed decision concerning where they will be seen, who will undertake the case, which screening test to be done, where they plan to give birth and where she will achieve full facility for safe delivery. These helps to prevent the catastrophic complications.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2) : 124-127
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Intravenous Iron Sucrose versus Oral Iron Sulfate
Authors: Arzoo Shabera , Yousof Shereen , Rahman Jahanara , Chowdhury Sameena
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Injectable iron sucrose and oral ferrous sulfate both are used for the correctionof anaemia in second and third trimester of pregnancy. But injectable iron is supposed to bemore effective than oral iron, as it needs less time for correction of anaemia and efficacy ismore. Oral iron is cost effective but more time consuming.The objective of the study was to compare the safety of intravenous iron sucrose complex inthe treatment of iron deficiency anemia in third trimester of pregnancy. To compare theefficacy of intravenous iron with oral iron.

Method: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in which pregnant women with irondeficiency were sequentially selected from the pregnant women attended antenatal clinic ofOPD of Institute of Child and Maternal Health (ICMH) and assigned either to injectable or tooral ferrous sulfate by random number table. Each study patient was given the total calculatedamount of injectable iron sucrose {Hb deficit (gm/l) × body weight (kg) × 0.24+ storage ironmg } in divided dose 200 mg in 200 ml normal saline intravenously over 1 hour everyalternate day . Each patient of the control group was given ferrous sulfate 200mg orally threetimes a day for 4 weeks. Pregnant women follow up at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after gettreatment by oral and injectable iron. During follow up monitored for adverse effects, clinicaland laboratory response and haemoglobin percentage were observed.

Result: There were 75 patients in injectable group and 75 patients in oral group. Injectablegroup achieved a significantly higher Hb level (11.49 ± 0.39) than oral group Hb level (10.39± 0.75) after 8 weeks of treatment. Injectable group showed no major side effects, only twopatient had complains .One patient complain of epigastic pain and one patient complain oftachycardia while in oral group complain of nausea and vomiting, epigastic pain, constipation,allergic reaction was found in 42.0%, 39.3%,35.7% and 3.6% respectively.

Conclusion: Iron sucrose complex appears to be a safe and effective in the treatment ofiron deficiency anemia.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 40-44
Diagnostic Clues and Management of ectopic Pregnancy in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Islam Nazia
Published: August 2020

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common clinical condition. Diagnosis and managementof this condition is necessary in due to day practice.

Methods: A cross sectional study on ectopic pregnancy was conducted in Sir SalimullahMedical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) , Dhaka, with the objective to analyzethe risk factors and assess the results of management with respect to maternal morbidityand mortality of ectopic pregnancy during the last two years.

Result: Fifty patients were admitted with ectopic pregnancy from 1st January 2008 to 31stDecember 2010.Frequency of ectopic pregnancy were 1.5% of total 3252 pregnancies. Riskfactors were found in 45% of cases. Surgical treatment were performed in total 43 patients.There was one heterotrophic pregnancy and one case of abdominal pregnancy. Four patientswere given intramuscular Methotrexate and two un-ruptured ectopics resolved spontaneouslyafter by expectant management.

Conclusion: Conservative management was an option but surgical treatment was donemore often because of late referrals. Screening of high risk cases, early diagnosis and earlyintervention would reduce the morbidity in ectopic pregnancies.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 49-53
Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Bangladesh
Authors: Nessa Ashrafun , Chowdhury Saleha Begum , Fatima Parveen , Kamal Mohammed , Sharif Mohammad , Azad Abul Kalam
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwidewith an estimated 569,847 new cases and 311,365 deaths in the year 2018. In Bangladesh,the incidence of CC was 8068 and 5214 women died from CC in the year 2018.1CC constitutesabout 12% of the female cancer in this country.1

Methods: The present situation of cervical cancer screening program is reviewed.

Results: The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) adopted visual inspection of cervix withacetic acid (VIA) method for cervical cancer screening. The major strengths of VIA is itssimplicity, low cost, potential for immediate linkage with investigations/treatment, feasible inlow resource settings and the possibility of rapid training to the providers. The GOB hasextended the program to all districts and selected upazilas.The screening programme hasbeen implemented through capacity building of service providers of Medical College Hospitals(MCHs), District Hospitals (DHs), Mother and Child care Welfare Centers (MCWCs) andselected Upazila Health Compleses(UHCs) and several institutes.Serviceprovidersareperforming VIA for the women of 30 years and above at about 417 VIA centres at primary,secondary and tertiary level health care facilities of 64 districts of Bangladesh. Screen positivecases are being referred to the colposcopy clinics of 14 government MCHs and BSMMU,where evaluation and management are carried out. From January 2005 to June 2017,1647380VIA tests were performed at different facilities with 4.6%positivity.Among the VIA+ve women attending women at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib MedicalUniversity (BSMMU), 51% had precancerous or cancerous condition of the cervix, 3312(14.10%) were treated by local excision, 2428 (10.30%)by local ablative method and1413(6%) women with cervical cancer were referred to oncology. In Bangladesh, LEEPand thermalablation has acquired acceptability as a commonly used treatment method for selected CINand ‘see-and-treat’ approach for high grade diseases combining colposcopy and LEEP/thermal ablation has been adopted since the year 2010 to improve compliance to treatment.

Conclusion: Bangladesh has established VIA as screening test for prevention of cervicalcancer in quiet a good number of facilities with wide coverage. But the program has to beexpanded readily to prevent cancer and reduce sufferings & untimely death of women dueto this devastating disease.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 63-73
International News Vol.33(1)
Authors: Khatun Sabera
Published: August 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 87
Evaluation of Patients Satisfaction following Caesarean Section in a Secondary level District Hospital
Authors: Basak Sankar Kumar , Ferdosh Zannatul , Begum Rehena , Mahmud Nasim Iftekhar
Published: August 2020

Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction with caesarean delivery and to see the relationbetween different parameters and satisfaction.

Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology of the District Sadar Hospital, Laxmipur during the period of 1st January to30th June 2017. A total of 423 post-caesarean women were included in the study. Thestructured questionnaires were used for the collection of data from the patients and the datawere processed and analyzed with the help of software SPSS.

Results: During the study period, among the 465 caesarean delivery 423 were enrolledfor the study. The mean age of the patients was 23.99±5.29 years and mean parity was1.22±1.27. Initial negative reaction to the decision of caesaren section was expressed by71.9% of the patients, 18.4% remained indifferent and 9.7% showed positive reaction. Themajor reasons of initial negative reaction were fear of death and dislike of caesareansection. The satisfaction following caesarean delivery was significantly associated withage, educational status and initial positive and negative reaction to the decision of caesareansection. Three hundred and fifty five (83.9%) women expressed their overall satisfactionfollowing caesarean section.

Conclusion: Most patients expressed their overall satisfaction to caesarean delivery.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 101-106
Laparoscopic Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Subfertility
Authors: Kasem Setara Binte , Sultana Nilufer , Begum Ferdousi , Razzaque Shaikh Abdur , Adiba Raisa , Anika Selma
Published: August 2020

Background: Prevalence of subfertility in industrialized countries has been quoted as 20%,and seems to be on the rise. Traditional way to assess the uterine cavity, tubal structure andtubal patency was hysterosalphingography but it is now been largely superseded bylaparoscopy and hysteroscopy. With the objective of this study was to highlight the role oflaparoscopy in establishing the diagnosis of primary and secondary female subfertility anddifferent therapeutic procedure done.

Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Subfertility and ReproductiveMedicine Unit of Gynae and Obstetrics department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhakafrom January 2015 to June 2018. Total 4256 sub fertile patients attended the Infertility OPD.Out of these 215 patients were selected for laparoscopy. Those patients who hadcontraindication for laparoscopy were excluded from study. Detailed laparoscopic findingswere recorded.

Results: Out of 125 selected sub fertile patients 136 (63.26%) patients were in primarysubfertility group while 79 (36.74%) patients were in secondary subfertility group. In primarysubfertility group(n=136), most common laparoscopic finding was PCO in 44 (32.34%) patientsfollowed by peritubal and periovarian adhesions in 24 (17.65%) patients, Bilateral tubalblock in 23(16.91%) patients, Endometriosis in 15(11.03%), Unusual tortuous and lengthytube in 15(11.03%) patients, fibroid in 11(8.09%) patients, Mullerian agenesis and hypoplasiain 3(2.21%) cases. No visible abnormality found in 22(16.18%) cases.The commonest finding by laparoscopy in patients with secondary infertility were PCO in 18(22.78%) patients and peritubal and periovarian adhesions in 18 (22.78%) patients, followedby Bilateral tubal block in 12(15.19%) patients, fibroid uterus in 12(15.19%) patients,Endometriosis in 10(12.66%), Genital tuberculosis in 3(1.40%) cases. No visible abnormalityfound in 12(15.19%) cases.Various laparoscopic procedure like Ovarian drilling. Adhesiolysis, ovarian cystectomy, cystpuncture, salphingostomy, Myomectomy.

Conclusion: Laparoscopy helped us to detect and treat important clinical condition in bathprimary & secondary sub fertility.

Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 143-148
The Effect of the Intercondylar Notch Shape and Notch Width Index on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Basukala Bibek , Joshi Amit , Pradhan Ishor
Published: August 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is one of the commonly injured ligaments in knee. The shape and dimension of the femoral notch has been linked with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The aim of this study was to study the risk of Anterior cruciate ligament injury with notch morphology in the Nepalese population.Methods: This study is a case control study. Cases undergoing arthroscopic surgery at 2 tertiary level centers were enrolled. Patients with arthroscopic confirmation of Anterior cruciate ligament tear were taken as case and those without tear were taken as control. Axial Magnetic resonance Imaging sequence was used to study notch. Sections at the level of popliteal groove was taken for study and shapes were identified as A, U and W type, and notch width index was calculated. These variables were correlated with presence or absence of Anterior cruciate ligament tear.Results: Out of 118 cases, 59 had tear, and 59 had no tear. Tear was found in 74% of Type A notch compared to 30.15% in Type U notch. The femoral notch width index was low in 42.59% of A type notch patients compared to 20.63% with U type notch. Analysis of notch width index among patients with Anterior cruciate ligament tears, showed that 40.67% of Anterior cruciate ligament torn knee had narrow notch compared to 22% in non- injured group, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Type A notch and narrow notch both are risk factors for Anterior cruciate ligament tear.Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; injury; notch.
Assessment of Caesarean Section Rates at Kathmandu Model Hospital Using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Poudel Rekha , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha Devi , Bharti Sonu
Published: August 2020

Background: Aims of this study was to assess the caesarean section rate and identify the indications contributing to the same using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System at Kathmandu Model Hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Kathmandu Model Hospital among women who underwent caesarean section from 1 January to 31 December, 2018 and were grouped according to Ten Group Classification System. The overall caesarean section rate and the contribution of each group was calculated.Results: The overall caesarean section rate was 66.1% (494 among 747 total deliveries) in 2018. Nullipara, singleton cephalic, >= 37 weeks, spontaneous labor (Group 1) was the major (24.2%) contributor to the overall caesarean section rate followed by previous caesarean section, singleton cephalic, >=37 weeks (Group 5, 22.6%) and nullipara, singleton cephalic, >=37 weeks, induced or caesarean section before labor (Group 2, 18.8%). Also, the caesarean section rate was 49.5% in nullipara, thus increasing the trend of caesarean section for previous caesarean section in future.Conclusions: Efforts must be focused more on Group 1, 2 and 5 to decrease the increasing trend of caesarean section Promoting vaginal delivery in nullipara and facilitating vaginal birth after caesarean are the most relevant areas of intervention. Keywords: Caesarean section; Robson ten group classification system; vaginal birth after caesarean.
Assessment of Airway Parameters for Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation in a Tertiary Center in Western Nepal
Authors: Lakhe Gajal , Poudel Hari , Adhikari Krishna Murari
Published: August 2020

Background: The screening tests used for pre-operative evaluation of airway to predict difficult laryngoscopy and intubation have variable diagnostic accuracy. The unanticipated poor laryngeal view is gold standard for defining difficult intubation. We aimed to find out the prevalence of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, which airway parameter better predicts difficult intubation and whether difficult laryngoscopy is associated with difficult intubation or not.Methods: This analytic cross sectional study was conducted in 665 ASA I/II adult patients, aged 18-65, without obvious airway pathology undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. The pre-operative screening tests included mouth opening, modified mallampatti, ratio of height to thyromental distance, sternomentaldistance and upper lip bite test. Cormack-Lehane grade III/ IV was defined as difficult laryngoscopy and potentially difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and area under curve at 95% confidence interval was calculated for all five screening tests. Results: The prevalence of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation was 6.6% (44 cases). The upper lip bite test because of its highest specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and area under curve (99.7%; 93.9%; 99.7%; 95.2%; 85.1% respectively) with moderate level of sensitivity (70.5%) was better predictor of difficult intubation than other tests. The difficult laryngoscopy was associated with difficult intubation (p=0.00).Conclusions: The prevalence of difficult laryngoscopy and intubation was 6.6%.The upper lip bite test was a better predictor of difficult intubation and there was a significant association of difficult laryngoscopy with difficult intubation.Keywords: Difficult laryngoscopy and intubation; screening tests; upper lip bite test.
Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Roka Tara , Ghimire Melina
Published: August 2020

Background: Drug therapy and adherence to the medication is critical to prevent complications of hypertension and more importantly in countries like Nepal where more than one quarter adults suffer from it. Primary aim was to measure adherence to anti-hypertensive medication and factors associated with low adherence.Methods: Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used for measuring medication adherence and a structured questionnaire for measuring background and illness related factors in a cross-sectional study among 216 hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital selected through sequential sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and results presented with proportion or odds ratio with 95% CI.Results: It was found that 72% of the patients had low adherence to anti-hypertensive medication, with sub-group differences notably higher among females (77%); among those with co-morbidity (80%); and among those getting medicines free of cost (76%). Post multivariate logistic regression, it was found that patients with co-morbidity had higher odds of having low adherence (Adjusted Odds Ratio – AOR: 2.50; 95%CI:1.28-4.89) than those without; and those who get medicine free of cost had higher odds of having low adherence (AOR: 3.01; 95%CI:1.32-6.86) than those who pay for medicine.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of hypertensive patients had low adherence to medication. Presence of co-morbidity, getting medicine free of cost, and not having regular follow up were the major factors associated with low adherence to anti-hypertensive medication. Targeted interventions in hospitals and health care centers in Nepal would improve medication adherence. Keywords: Adherence; hypertension; hypertensive patients; medication; Nepal.
Analisis Current Ratio, Debt to Equity, Firm Size dan Working Capital terhadap Return on Equity pada Perusahaan Transportasi
Authors: Jony Jony
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh current ratio, debt to equity ratio, firm size dan working capital terhadap return on equity. Pada perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015 – 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 33 perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2018. Berdasarkan` 33 perusahaan yang terdaftar, terpilih 10 sebagai perusahaan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan pada hasil pengujian yang dilakukan secara simultan current ratio, debt to equity ratio, firm size dan working capital berpengaruh terhadap return on equity. Pada perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan secara parsial tidak terjadinya pengaruh antara current ratio terhadap current ratio, debt to equity ratio, firm size dan working capital terhadap return on equity pada perusahaan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2018 dan Sementara nilai koefisien determinasi disesuaikan (R square) sebesar 63.1%. Hal ini memiliki arti bahwa 36. 9% pengaruh return on asset dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi dari ketiga variabel independen yaitu current ratio, debt to equity ratio, firm size dan working capital Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 48, 6% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.
Analisis Pengaruh Profitabilitas dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Struktur Modal sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Mispiyanti Mispiyanti , Wicaksono Ready
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh variabel profitabilitas, dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan serta variabel struktur modal sebagai pemediasi. Populasinya adalah semua perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di BEI selama tahun 2015 – 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data digunakan regresi dan sobel test. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan tetapi berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal, kebijakan dividen berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan dan juga terhadap struktur modal, struktur modal tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, struktur modal tidak dapat memediasi hubungan profitabilitas dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan.

Keywords : nilai perusahaan, struktur modal, profitabilitas, kebijakan dividen
Pengaruh Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang Terdaftar dalam Indeks LQ 45
Authors: Ovami Debbi Chyntia , Nasution Ananda Anugrah
Published: August 2020

Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan non bank yang terdaftar pada indeks LQ-45 Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 45 perusahaan dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling diperoleh 17 x 3 tahun sehingga 51 perusahan yang menjadi sampel penelitian.  Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis yang bersifat kuantitatif. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kebijakan dividen mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan yang tercatat pada indeks LQ-45 Bursa Efek Indonesia
Pengaruh DER, NPM, dan PER terhadap Return Saham pada Perusahaan Sektor Property and Real Estate di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Januardin Januardin , Wulandari Siti , Simatupang Indra , Meliana Indah Asih , Alfarisi Muammar
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana 1) pengaruh DER terhadap return saham, 2) pengaruh NPM terhadap return saham, dan 3) pengaruh PER terhadap return saham. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap laporan keuangan sektor property and real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia diketahui fenomena pada PT. Alam Sutera Reality Tbk total utang ditahun 2016-2017 mengalami penurunan tetapi pengembalian sahamnya juga mengalami penurunan. Pada PT. Agung Podomoro Land Tbk laba bersih di tahun 2014-2015 mengalami kenaikan tetapi pengembalian sahamnya mengalami penurunan. Pada PT. Jaya Real Property Tbk harga saham di tahun 2016-2017 mengalami kenaikan tetapi pengembalian sahamnya mengalami penurunan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian ialah statistik deskriptif dan sifat penelitian ini ialah eksplanatif. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 48 perusahaan dan diperoleh sebanyak 26 perusahaan dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel independen DER, NPM dan PER berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial: 1) DER tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham, 2) NPM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham, dan 3) PER berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap return saham.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Inflasi terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman di BEI
Authors: Anugrah Konradus , Simanjorang Regina Christine , Hutabarat Ayu Rukun Hartati , Pakpahan Rotua Juniarti , Sipahutar Tetty Tiurma Uli
Published: August 2020

Perkembangan perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari perkembangan ekonomi. Kondisi bisnis dan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi reaksi daya beli masyarakat. Reaksi daya beli, dalam hal ini, terlihat dalam tingkat inflasi suatu negara yang sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kondisi bisnis suatu perusahaan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan kondisi bisnis yang baik diharapkan memiliki dampak yang baik pada profitabilitas perusahaan. Penelitian ini dibahas untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi terhadap profitabilitas yang diukur dengan Return On Asset (ROA). Metode sampel penelitian memakai teknik purposive sampling dan menggunakan pendekatan pengambilan sampel non-probabilitas. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi tidak mempunyai pengaruh parsial dan simultan terhadap profitabilitas. Pengamatan menggunakan dua variabel makroekonomi sehingga dalam pengamatan selanjutnya menggunakan variabel berbeda yang bisa mempengaruhi profitabilitas perusahaan.
Estudio de la Capacidad de Medición y Calibración (CMC) de un Autocolimador Electrónico Nikon.
Authors: Bergues Guillermo Juan , Schürrer Clemar , Brambilla Nancy
Published: August 2020

En este trabajo se estudian los resultados de la calibración de un autocolimador electrónico desarrollado en el Centro de Investigación y transferencia en Metrología -CEMETRO- de UTN FRC. El instrumento está construido en base a un autocolimador analógico comercial, Nikon 6D, y una interfaz visual ad hoc.  La calibración fue realizada en el Laboratorio Nacional de Ángulo de Argentina, INTI Córdoba, con trazabilidad internacional al patrón de referencia, el autocolimador Trioptics TA300. El análisis de los resultados de la calibración permite obtener un modelo metrológico más preciso del autocolimador electrónico. Además, define pautas para optimizar las prestaciones del instrumento mediante ajustes de diseño de la interfaz visual electrónica conectada al autocolimador óptico Nikon 6D.
Self-care perspective taking and empathy in a student-faculty book club in the United States
Authors: Henderson Rebecca , Hagen Melanie Gross , Zaidi Zareen , Dunder Valentina , Maska Edlira , Nagoshi Ying
Published: August 2020

Purpose: We aimed to study the impact of a combined faculty-student book club on education and medical practice as a part of the informal curriculum at the University of Florida College of Medicine in the United States.Methods: Sixteen medical students and 7 faculties who participated in the book club were interviewed through phone and recorded. The interview was then transcribed and entered into the qualitative data analysis program QSR NVivo (QSR International, Burlington, MA, USA). The transcripts were reviewed, and thematic codes were developed inductively through collaborative iteration. Based on these preliminary codes, a coding dictionary was developed and applied to all interviews within QSR Nvivo to identify themes.Results: Four main themes were identified from interviews: The first theme, the importance of literature to the development and maintenance of empathy and perspective-taking, and the second theme, the importance of the book club in promoting mentorship, personal relationships and professional development, were important to both student and faculty participants. The third and fourth themes, the need for the book club as a tool for self-care and the book club serving as a reminder about the world outside of school were discussed by student book club members.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that an informal book club has a significant positive impact on self-care, perspective-taking, empathy, and developing a “world outside of school” for medical school students and faculty in the United States. It also helps to foster meaningful relationships between students and faculty.