bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of a Neonate Born to a Mother with COVID-19: A Case Report of Vertical Transmission
Authors: Lookzadeh Mohamad Hosein , Ekraminasab Sedigheh , Baghalsafa Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Background: Although COVID-19 in pregnant women and their neonates has been verified, its impact on neonates born to infected mothers has remained unclear and there is not enough evidence about how this vertical transmission occurs.
Case Report: In this case report, we explained that a neonate girl was born to a mother with COVID-19 infection. Our main goal was to focus on the follow-up and outcome of the neonate. The neonate was at GA = 28 weeks who was born by cesarean section due to respiratory distress of her mother. Also on day 18, she experienced recurrent unilateral seizures so the sample of her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined.
Results: The neonate had a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for COVID-19, while this neonate after birth, due to mother’s positive PCR, immediately was isolated from the operating room. The neonate’s nasal sample was positive for more than 18 days. Twenty-six days after birth, the neonate was re-evaluated for clinical laboratories, all of which were normal and she had favorable outcomes.
Conclusion: In our case report despite the neonate was premature and had seizures, she had favorable outcomes because we quickly started treatment and supportive measures. It is recommended; Symptomatic neonates born to infected mothers must be evaluated for COVID-19 to start proper treatment and quarantine. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the outcomes of COVID-19 in neonates and how to minimize the risk of this disease in neonates.
Multi-scale Machine Learning Prediction of the Spread of Arabic Online Fake News
Authors: Aljwari Fatima , Alkaberi Wahaj , Alshutayri Areej , Aldhahri Eman , Aljojo Nahla , Abouola Omar
Published: March 2022

There are a lot of research studies that look at "fake news" from an Arabic online source, but they don't look at what makes those fake news spread. The threat grows, and at some point, it gets out of hand. That's why this paper is trying to figure out how to predict the features that make Arabic online fake news spread. It's using Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Random forest of Machine Learning to do this. Online news stories that were made up were used. They are found by using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). The best partition for testing and validating the prediction was chosen at random and used in the analysis. So, all three machine learning classifications for predicting fake news in Arabic online were done. The results of the experiment show that Random Forest Classifier outperformed the other two algorithms. It had the best TF-IDF with an accuracy of 86 percent. Naive Bayes had an accuracy rate of 84%, and Logistic Regression had an accuracy rate of 85%, so they all did well. As such, the model shows that the features in TF-IDF are the most essential point about the content of an online Arabic fake news.
Value-Motivational Aspects Social Activity Development at the Higher Education Institution Specialists
Authors: Averina Kateryna , Hlebova Natalia
Published: March 2022

Using the latest educational technologies and active methods of social activity development in future specialists in the educational space under today’s conditions is significantly complicated by existing levels of the object and subject studies of various patterns. The authors studied a wide range of foreign and domestic interdisciplinary works and models which describe the implementation of research methodology of the individual socialization process to study the development of specialists’ social activity. Also, the authors defined the relevant patterns of students’ involving in socially significant activities due to the changes in value-motivational aspects at different stages of social activity development at the higher education institution. The structural and functional components are determined, and the research parameters specifying the changes of value-motivational factors of social activity development in future socionomy specialists are substantiated. The article provides empirical diagnostics of values among the students of socionomic professions within the sociological and pedagogical research of social activity with the participation of 610 students from four Ukrainian higher education institutions. The diagnostics was carried out by means of the shortened version of the “Portrait Questionnaire of Values - PVQ-Revised”. It has been found out that the development of social activity in future socionomy specialists is mainly related to changes in motivational aspects at different levels of generality and complexity; it includes such constructs as values, goals, behavior plans which require a qualitative analysis of social factors and identification of relevant patterns of students’ involvement in socially significant activities.
Man, Poetry and Nature in the Work of A.Yu. Krymsky: Actuality of Postmodern Communications
Authors: Maksiuta Mykola , Shtepenko Oleksandra , Patlaichuk Oksana , Skliar Iryna , Yarova Alla , Stupak Olga
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the features of poetic reflection in the work of A. Krymsky in the relation "man-nature". Coverage of this problem in the conditions of postmodern philosophical discourse requires appropriate embeddedness in the national and cultural experience. Moreover, the poetry of A. Krymsky manifests the deep experiences of the Ukrainian man's ties with the natural world, which includes the actualization of the inner nature of man. The author seeks to "write out" the laws of the "moral constitution" according to which a person is worthy of his purpose of being in nature "has the right" to love according to the vocation of his convictions, his needs and inclinations. On the one hand, the author seems to call us to abide by these "laws", but, on the other hand, his thoughts divert from such categoricalness into the space of "identity" and confessional repentance. As follows from the above, the dignity of a person consists in the awakening and strengthening of an independent, responsible, formed on the path of enriching the inner life of a spiritual personality and the search for a free egress. And in this, in fact, the highest value of the relevance of postmodern self-communication in the interpretation of the poetic work of A. Krymsky is developed.
Implementation of Vocational Education Standards in the Context of Postmodern Trends
Authors: Zaporozhchenko Tetiana , Matviienko Olena , Chepelevska Mariia , Nedosiekova Nataliia , Artemieva Inna , Petukhova Tetiana
Published: March 2022

Our research involves the study of vocational education in the context of postmodern trends in society. We analyzed how postmodern manifestations of the 21st century have affected vocational education standards. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of postmodernism and the process of formation of standards of vocational education were studied. Based on the results of the research, the main approach to the basics and basic trends in the formation of standards of vocational education was established. Education as a process is relevant throughout historical development, because everyone understands his importance in society, realizes his responsibility to him since the early days of man needs new knowledge to continue living. The formation of the process of professional education itself begins several centuries ago, which confirms the maturation of man in social development. The period of postmodernism in the educational process is marked by globalization and the integration of society. This trend requires continuous professional growth. The worker in the conditions of postmodernism must be able to quickly change their skills, adapt to new challenges that may constantly evolve due to the rapid development of information technology. In the course of our research the integration method of synthesis of figurative structure, and the analysis, the characteristic of pedagogical activity at the formation of professional education is used. There are methods of synthesis, analysis, and interpretation of postmodernism in educational development. The results of the research confirm the postmodern trends in the formation of vocational education.
An Analysis on the Students’ Ability in Using Personal Pronouns in English
Authors: Nokas Darni Nopi
Published: March 2022

English personal pronouns was still problem for students; especially students of Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surya Kasih. Therefore; it was important to conduct a research on students’ ability in using personal pronouns. The purpose of this study was to describe the students’ ability in using subject, object, possessive and reflexive. The participants of the research were 10 students the second semester students who programmed English subject. There were 30 item tests of personal pronouns. The results of the research showed that the students’ average score was 68 and the students’ level of ability on personal pronouns was enough. Based on the kinds of personal pronouns showed the highest score was 72,10 which is on subject pronoun then followed by object pronoun with the score 70,20 then followed by possessive pronoun with the score 67,80 and the lowest score was 64,70 which is on reflexive pronoun. This research claimed that the students found difficulties in using personal pronoun in English due to interference of Indonesian language as their first language.
El pez de oro
Authors: Cerino-Córdova Kristian Antonio
Published: March 2022

El pez de oro registró una primera edición fallida en 1932. Se cree que su autor, Gamaliel Churata, reescribió partes de esta obra para después publicarla en 1957. De acuerdo con los críticos, fue un libro “ilegible” en el siglo XX, pero en 2012, una investigadora (Usandizaga) hizo la edición crítica de El Pez de oro para Ediciones Cátedra. Esto significó no sólo el rescate de una obra escasamente leída, sino el que la crítica literaria retomara esta “Biblia del indigenismo” para nuevos artículos y ensayos. Presentamos una aproximación a la novela de Churata.
El programa aprende en casa ante el COVID-19: experiencias y reflexiones docentes
Authors: Edel-Navarro Rubén , Ruiz-Méndez Germán , Ojeda-Castañeda Gerardo
Published: March 2022

Se presentan los resultados de la dimensión cuantitativa de un estudio con enfoque mixto y por encuesta, que responde a las interrogantes principales acerca de ¿cuáles fueron las experiencias de los docentes en la implementación del Programa Aprende en Casa ante la contingencia sanitaria del Covid-19? y ¿cuáles sus principales reflexiones?, realizado con una muestra intencional de 2779 docentes del sistema de Educación básica de México, a quienes a través de la Comunidad Aprende 2.0 de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) se les solicitó responder un cuestionario en línea, integrado por cuatro dimensiones principales, 1) Intervención del currículo por contingencias, 2. Mediación de las plataformas tecnológicas, 3. Apoyo familiar y 4. Evaluación del programa, con el propósito de retroalimentar los logros y alcances del Programa Aprende en Casa y de recuperar las experiencias y reflexiones de los docentes en la implementación de la estrategia educativa emergente. Las conclusiones de la dimensión cuantitativa del estudio postulan la efectividad de los dispositivos y aplicaciones móviles como dimensión nodal de Aprende en Casa, el desarrollo de saberes y destrezas digitales de los docentes y la participación de los padres de familia, entre otros.
Palabras clave: Televisión educativa, TICCAD, currículo en contingencias, educación básica, competencias digitales docentes.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ODONTOGERIATRIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE CIRURGIÕES-DENTISTAS
Authors: Domingos Patricia Aleixo Santos , Pereira Rita De Cássia Garcia
Published: March 2022

A formação do profissional da saúde, atualmente, busca torná-lo um indivíduo preocupado com o bem-estar geral e a qualidade de vida dos seus pacientes. A formação generalista de cirurgiões-dentistas possibilita o profissional a lidar com as mudanças que ocorrem no perfil sociodemográfico dos pacientes, pois, a medida que a população brasileira envelhece, o atendimento odontológico deve ser suficientemente abrangente para suprir as necessidades específicas da terceira idade. Assim, o estudo objetivou, por meio da revisão da literatura, analisar a importância do conhecimento e da prática em Odontogeriatria na formação de Cirurgiões-Dentistas, além do impacto da inclusão desta disciplina nos cursos de Graduação em Odontologia. Observou-se em diversos estudos a existência de relativo conteúdo sobre Odontogeriatria fragmentado dentre algumas disciplinas da graduação como Prótese Dentária, Periodontia e Estomatologia. Outro fato relevante é que, em estudo realizado nas regiões sul e centro-oeste do Brasil, os graduandos demonstraram preferência para o atendimento ao idoso e apontaram a necessidade de maior conhecimento, devido ao aumento da demanda na população. A inclusão de projetos de extensão universitária visando o atendimento odontológico domiciliar ou institucional de idosos também tem mostrado resultados satisfatórios para a promoção de saúde bucal do idoso, além de permitir ao aluno vivenciar as peculiaridades do cuidado e assistência dirigidos a população idosa. Deste modo, conclui-se que a Odontogeriatria deve apresentar-se como disciplina obrigatória nos cursos de graduação para formação de Cirurgiões-Dentistas capacitados para o mercado de trabalho atual que exige humanização no atendimento e resolutividade das ações em saúde.
Overview of methodologies and statistical strategies in observational studies and meta-analyses on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B on entecavir or tenofovir therapy
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk-Fung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Lai Mandy Sze-Man , Hui Vicki Wing-Ki , Tse Yee-Kit , Wong Grace Lai-Hung
Published: March 2022

Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are first-line antiviral therapies for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and reduce the risk of disease progression and liver-related complications, as well as improve survival by effectively suppressing viral replication. Nevertheless, since the first publication in 2019 on a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korean patients receiving TDF than those receiving ETV, the topic has remained a hot and unsettled debate. Multiple studies and meta-analyses have yielded conflicting results. As HCC takes time to develop, studies are mainly observational to benefit from a larger sample size and longer follow-up that provides a higher statistical power to compare the two treatments. However, TDF was available to CHB patients a few years later than ETV in most countries, thus leading to a difference in follow-up duration. Moreover, despite studying the same topic, the difference in data sources and available parameters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and use of statistical methods complicated the interpretation and comparison of the findings and contributed to between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses. This review describes some caveats in interpreting and comparing the results from these observational studies and meta-analyses. Future studies should explore better designed observational studies with high-quality data sources, and aggregation of patient data in meta-analysis to tackle between-study heterogeneity.
Pregnancy with congenital heart disease
Authors: Saxena Anita , Relan Jay
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy is complicated by maternal cardiovascular disease in 1%-4% of cases. With advances in management of congenital heart diseases (CHDs), the survival to adulthood and childbearing age is increasing all over the world. The physiological adaptation during pregnancy adds to the hemodynamic burden of CHD, and, hence, many women are diagnosed with CHD for the first time during pregnancy, more so in developing countries. The type of underlying CHD and pre-pregnancy hemodynamics determine the risk of developing complications during pregnancy. Hence, pre-pregnancy risk stratification and counseling are a crucial part of management plan. Some of the serious CHDs are best treated in the preconception stage. The maximum chance of developing complications is between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation, during labor, and up to two weeks after delivery. Common complications in women with CHD during pregnancy and labor include heart failure, arrhythmias, bleeding/thrombosis, infective endocarditis, and rarely maternal death. Fetal complications include abortion, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and CHD. Comprehensive knowledge of these complications and their management is very important as an experienced multidisciplinary team is critical for improving outcome of these patients. Special care is required for pregnant women who have pulmonary hypertension, due to either Eisenmenger syndrome or other causes, severe valve stenosis, aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valve/coarctation, or severe cyanotic CHDs. Most women with CHD are at low risk, and successful pregnancy is feasible in the majority with optimal management.
Sintesis TiO2/Abu Vulkanik sebagai Fotokatalis untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Batik pada Skala Rumah Tangga
Authors: Nurillahi Rico , Fatimah Is , Halimah Dwi Nur , Apriliani Gusti Dwi
Published: March 2022

Fotokatalis TiO2/abu vulkanik telah dibuat pada penelitian ini untuk pengolahan limbah batik. Bahan fotokatalis dibuat dengan mendispersi prekursor titanium ke dalam suspensi serbuk abu vulkanik dilanjutkan dengan pengeringan dan kalsinasi. Identifikasi material dilakukan dengan instrumen X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescene (XRF), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) dan spektrofotometer UV-Visible. Material katalis diaplikasikan pada fotooksidasi air limbah batik pada variasi perlakuan penambahan H2O2 dan kalium peroksodisulfat sebagai oksidan. Dalam penelitian ini, dari berbagai perlakuan diperoleh hasil bahwa penambahan kalium peroksodisulfat memiliki efektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan H2O2. TiO2 /abu vulkanik merupakan material potensial yang dapat dikembangkan untuk pengolahan air limbah batik dengan mekanisme photooksidasi dengan biaya yang murah dan ramah lingkungan.
Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Reduces Postoperative Complications and Muscle Wasting After Fracture Fixation
Authors: Hendrickson Nathan R. , Davison John , Glass Natalie A. , Wilson Erin S. , Miller Aspen , Leary Steven , Lorentzen William , Karam Matthew D. , Hogue Matthew , Marsh J. Lawrence , Willey Michael C.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Postoperative complications and substantial loss of physical function are common after musculoskeletal trauma. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of conditionally essential amino acid (CEAA) supplementation on complications and skeletal muscle mass in adults after operative fixation of acute fractures.

Methods:

Adults who sustained pelvic and extremity fractures that were indicated for operative fixation at a level-I trauma center were enrolled. The subjects were stratified based on injury characteristics (open fractures and/or polytrauma, fragility fractures, isolated injuries) and randomized to standard nutrition (control group) or oral CEAA supplementation twice daily for 2 weeks. Body composition (fat-free mass [FFM]) was measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Complications were prospectively collected. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. The relative risk (RR) of complications for the control group relative to the CEAA group was determined, and linear mixed-effects models were used to model the relationship between CEAA supplementation and changes in FFM.

Results:

Four hundred subjects (control group: 200; CEAA group: 200) were enrolled. The CEAA group had significantly lower overall complications than the control group (30.5% vs. 43.8%; adjusted RR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55 to 0.92; p = 0.008). The FFM decreased significantly at 6 weeks in the control subjects (–0.9 kg, p = 0.0205), whereas the FFM was maintained at 6 weeks in the CEAA subjects (−0.33 kg, p = 0.3606). This difference in FFM was not seen at subsequent time points.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that CEAA supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures. Given the potential benefits of this inexpensive, low-risk intervention, multicenter prospective studies in focused trauma populations are warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A dynamic predictive nomogram of long-term survival in primary gastric lymphoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Jinru , Liu Tao , Zhu Ying , Zhang Fangyuan , Zhai Menglan , Zhang Dejun , Zhao Lei , Jin Min , Lin Zhenyu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Liling , Yu Dandan
Published: March 2022

Background: Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Given the rareness of the disease, it is vital to establish a predictive model to provide treatment and prognosis evidence for both PGL patients and doctors.Methods: A total of 8898 and 127 patients diagnosed with PGL were obtained from the SEER database and our Cancer Center as training and validation cohort, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen out independent risk factors for constructing survival predictive nomograms, and a web-based nomogram was also developed to dynamically predict the survival rate of PGL patients. Nomogram models were assessed and validated by concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results: Overall survival (OS) nomogram was constructed based on eight variables, including age at diagnosis, sex, race, marital status, histology, stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) nomogram was developed with eight variables, including age at diagnosis, sex, marital status, primary tumor site, histology, stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. C-index, calibration curve, and ROC curve exhibited good agreement in the SEER and Chinese cohort.Conclusion: The nomogram models provided an insightful and applicable tool to evaluate the prognosis of PGL in OS and CSS.
Spatial and molecular profiling of classic Hodgkin lymphoma reveals an immunosuppressive mononuclear phagocyte network
Authors: Stewart Benjamin , Fergie Martin , Young Matthew , Jones Claire , Sachdeva Ashwin , Blain Alex , Bacon Chris , Rand Vikki , Ferdinand John , James Kylie , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Hook Liz , Jonas Nicolaas , Coleman Nicholas , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Collin Matthew , Clatworthy Menna , Behjati Sam , Carey Christopher
Published: March 2022

Although a lymph node infiltrated by classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is mostly composed of nonneoplastic immune cells, the malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) successfully suppress an anti-tumor immune response, creating a cancer-permissive microenvironment. Accordingly, unleashing the dormant immune cells, for example by checkpoint inhibition, has been a central focus of recent therapeutic advances for this disease. Despite the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in relapsed cHL, a significant proportion of patients have suboptimal or non-durable responses, which may reflect HRSC and microenvironmental adaptation.Here, we profiled the global immune cell composition of normal and diseased lymph nodes by singlecell RNA sequencing, as a basis for interrogating the immediate vicinity of HRSC. We did so regionally and at cellular resolution, using spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed immunofluorescence, on fixed cHL tissue sections. It is established that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with inferior outcomes following combination chemotherapy, but the function, interactions, and distribution of TAMs, and other mononuclear phagocytes, have not been fully explored.Our analyses revealed specific immune cells and functional states associated with HRSC. We discovered a non-random spatial organization of immunoregulatory mononuclear phagocytes (TAMs and classical monocytes) around HRSC, which express the immune checkpoints PD-L1, TIM-3, and the tryptophan-catabolizing protein IDO1. Dendritic cells (DC), key antigen presenting cells, are regionally polarized according to subtype. Specific DCs are spatially associated with the HRSC ‘neighborhood’ (cDC2), but plasmacytoid DCs and ‘activated’ DCs are excluded. These findings provide a basis for rational targeting and activation of the anti-tumor immune response in cHL.
Prophylactic surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC CO2) versus standard surgery for gastric carcinoma at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Short and long-term outcomes. GOETH STUDY. A collaborative randomized controlled trial by ACOI, FONDAZIONE AIOM, SIC, SICE, SICO
Authors: Giorgio Andrea Di , Gerardi Chiara , Abatini Carlo , Melotti Gianluigi , Bonavina Luigi , Torri Valter , Santullo Francesco , Garattini Silvio , De Luca Matilde , Rulli Erica , Rulli Eliana , Pacelli Fabio
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAt the time of diagnosis, 15-20% of gastric carcinomas are in stage T4 or T4b. Furthermore, 5-20% of patients undergoing potentially curative surgery suffer from synchronous or metachronous peritoneal metastases. To date, neither surgery nor systemic chemotherapy successfully controls peritoneal dissemination, offering a limited impact on survival. Peritoneal metastases are in fact responsible for death in around 60% of gastric cancer patients. Several Eastern studies in the past have focused on HIPEC as a prophylactic measure in patients with serosal extension, nodal involvement and positive peritoneal fluid cytology. Therefore a new multimodal therapeutic strategy based on aggressive surgery plus new locoregional treatment may prolong survival in this particular clinical scenario. MethodsThis study compares the efficacy of prophylactic surgery (radical gastric resection, appendectomy, resection of the round ligament of the liver, and bilateral adnexectomy) plus HIPEC CO 2 versus standard surgery in patients with T3-T4 N0-N+ gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients will be randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the experimental arm or standard surgery. The primary endpoint is to establish the difference in disease-free survival between the groups. The secondary objective is to compare the safety and tolerability of prophylactic surgery plus HIPEC CO 2 versus standard surgery.DiscussionConsidering the poor prognosis of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer, a prophylactic strategy to prevent peritoneal metastases may be beneficial. In patients with gastric cancer at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis, the treatment of minimal or unforeseen peritoneal disease together with primary tumor resection should reduce peritoneal recurrence. We propose aggressive surgical treatment with radical gastric resection, removal of organs at risk of harbouring tumor cells, and HIPEC.
A statistical analysis of Chinese stock indices returns from approach of parametric distributions fitting
Authors: Si Yuancheng , Nadarajah Saralees
Published: March 2022

How to capture the statistical characteristics of Chinese stock indices returns by the method of parametric distributions fitting could be useful in the fields of econometrics and risk management.In this paper we use a wider range of parametric distributions to model four main Chinese stock indices. We find a generalization of the Student’s t distribution is shown to provide the best fit.
Breakfast in the Philippines: Food Patterns and Nutritional Profile Results from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Custodio Ma. Rosel S. , Toledo Marvin B.
Published: March 2022

Background
Breakfast's impact to diet quality can help shape the current dietary guidelines. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption, energy and nutrient intakes and the contribution of breakfast to the daily intakes of Filipinos.
Methods
Data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute was used which included data from 63,655 individuals that comprises of 14,013 school aged children (6–12 years old), 9,082 Adolescents (13–18 years old), 32,255 Adults (19–59 years old), and 8,305 Elderly (60 years old and above).
Results
Results show a high percentage of breakfast consumer with an average of 95–98% of Filipinos consuming breakfast across age groups. Breakfast consumption were significantly associated among adults and elderly who were female, urban dwellers, college graduates and are overweight. Breakfast contributed to more than 20% of daily energy and nutrient intakes across age groups. Mean vitamin C intakes at breakfast among adults was only 3.5 mg which is only 19% of the total daily intake of vitamin C for adults. The overall diet quality score (NRF 9.3) for the individuals with the healthiest diets (Tertile 3) were comparatively lower (range score of 330417) than the previous IBRI studies from Western countries. Food group intake at breakfast of the individuals with the healthiest diets is composed of a higher intake of vegetables, fresh fish, chocolate based beverages, rice and meat but lower intakes of cereal products, coffee and sugar.
Conclusion
Breakfast is consumed by majority of the Filipinos and contributes a significantly high percentage of energy and nutrients. Food group intakes at breakfast that favor more intake of vegetables, fresh fish, and chocolate based beverages are associated with the healthiest diets. Addition of fruit at breakfast will improve vitamin C uptake throughout the day.
Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Potentially Toxic Elements to Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Carvalho Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro , Botero Wander Gustavo , de Oliveira Luciana Camargo
Published: March 2022

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) constitute a class of metals, semimetals, and non-metals that may or may not be essential to living organisms and are of concern due to their persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in high concentrations. PTEs can be introduced into the aquatic environment from various sources, anthropogenic or natural, occurring in waters, sediments, and organisms, posing risks to the ecosystem and to human health. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used in this study to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of PTEs for the aquatic environment. The databases consulted were ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, in the period 2000–2020, using specific terms and filters. After analyzing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 79 articles were selected for the SLR, in which 21 sources and 16 EPTs were identified. The main anthropogenic source identified was mining and the main natural source identified was the weathering of rocks. Is worth noting that the identification of polluting sources is essential for the environmental monitoring of PTEs, as these elements cycle in the environment, not being chemically or biologically degraded, and can cause serious problems for various living organisms including human health.
Updated reference ranges for aminotransferase levels of Korean children and young adolescents based on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Seo Young-Jun , Shim Young Suk , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Jin Soon
Published: March 2022

We investigated the reference values of liver enzymes based on cardiometabolic risks among children and adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 8,091 subjects aged 10–18 years were included from data from 2007–2017. Overall, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the AST/ALT ratio varied with sex and age. AST levels tended to decrease with age, but ALT levels had a U-shaped curve, which resulted in a gradual increase in the AST/ALT ratio after age 13. The prevalence of MetS was strongly associated with elevated AST or ALT and a decreased AST/ALT ratio. The odds ratios of the development of MetS were elevated in groups with high levels of AST and ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio. Particularly in the combined ALT and AST/ALT analyses, borderline-high levels also showed a high odds ratio of MetS. Liver enzymes were also involved in the increase in the adjusted mean values for each risk factor for MetS. Here, we provided updated reference values for liver enzymes based on the analysis between population-based data and cardiometabolic risk factors; AST, ALT and the AST/ALT ratio might be useful in the early diagnosis and treatment of the MetS.
CTMC Analyzing NAFLD Progression (Small Model)
Authors: Attia Iman M.
Published: March 2022

In this article, I tackle the problem of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the statistical point of view. Using the multistate model, in the form of the continuous time Markov chains, helps the statistical analysis of the progression of the disease over time. The simplest model of the health-disease-death process is applied to the NAFLD. The model is composed of 8 pdfs and 5 rates that need to be estimated. Maximum likelihood and quasi-Newton methods are applied to estimate the transition rates among states. Exponentiation of this estimated rate matrix yields the transition probability matrix. This transition probability matrix can also be estimated from solving the forward Kolmogorov differential equations. Testing time homogeneity of this CTMC that model the disease process is also discussed by the author. This can be achieved by finding an empirical probability matrix that equates the exponentiation of the transition rate matrix, which is thoroughly investigated in the chapter. Also the embedding problem that may arise when trying to find the transition rate matrix from the transition probability matrix of the corresponding discrete time model is clarified. Testing Markovian property of the chain is also presented. Some remarks are also highlighted as regard the state probability distribution and the stationary probability distribution.
Effect of retention of posterior longitudinal ligament complex on Spinal deformity and motor after spinal intraspinal tumors in adult and pediatric
Authors: yin xiang , luo keyu , jin yufei , liu yaoyao , wang yinbo , liu mingyong , Liu Peng
Published: March 2022

Backgrounds
In most cases, complete resection of intranervous tumors and long-term neurological function can be achieved. However, some patients consider progressive postoperative spinal deformity as a postoperative complication.
Objective
We investigated that the posterior ligament complex obtained during laminoplasty can reduce spinal deformities and improve mobility, pain, and quality of life.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of more than 218 consecutive patients who underwent intrascleral tumor resection at one institution. The quality of life, painful cortex, spinal cord movement, progressive kyphosis or scoliosis, perioperative morbidity, and neurological results were compared in the laminoplasty and laminoplasty ligament groups.
Results
155 patients underwent laminoplasty and 63 patients underwent ligament complex after laminoplasty. The patient’s age was 42 ± 2.3 years, and the average modified McCormick score was 2. There were 158 (72.4%) intramedullary tumors and 115 (52.7%) extramedullary tumors. The average residence time of the ligament complex after laminoplasty was shortened (8 days vs. 6 days; p = 0.023) and hospital recovery time (48.4% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.012). 8 cases of laminoplasty (3%) and 3 cases of laminoplasty (1%) retained posterior ligament syndrome. Progressive spinal deformities occur an average of 20 months after surgery and an average of 18 months after surgery. Spine deformity. Maintaining the posterior ligament complex during laminoplasty can improve VAS assessment and spinal mobility.
Conclusion
The treatment of the posterior ligament complex during laminoplasty does not significantly affect spinal deformities, but significantly improves postoperative spinal activity, pain symptoms, and hospitalization.
Effect of salinity on the microscopic interaction and sedimentation behavior of halloysite clay
Authors: Noh Namgyu , Kwon Yeong-Man , Dae Kyun Seong , Cho Gye-Chun , Chang Ilhan , Yuk Jong Min
Published: March 2022

Pore-fluid salinity has a predominant effect on the formation of soil suspensions, especially for clays adjacent to the ocean, including bays, lagoons, sounds, slough, and estuaries. However, the clay response to changes in pore fluid salinity (e.g., salt intrusion or extrusion) has yet to be investigated. Herein, the influence of salinity on the microscopic interaction and sedimentation behavior of halloysite clay was investigated in an aqueous condition. Macro-scale sedimentation experiments and in-situ microscopic observations showed that halloysite clays in pore fluids with high ionic strength tended to disperse because salt ions weaken the edge-to-face halloysite fabrics. In the ensuing drop of the salinity, salt ions adsorbed onto the double layer of the clay surface were not reversely released. Comparing to sediment with a similar initial salinity, desalination resulted in weakened edge-to-face structures (a lower initial settling rate) and loose final sediment (a higher final sediment void ratio). Our study provides a thorough understanding of the salt effect on sediment formation, including changes in the microscopic clay particle fabric as salinity changes.
Diagnosis, Management and Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes of Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women in a Rural District of Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Amarawardena Maheshi , De Silva Neomal , Weerasena Lalindra , Jeyashree Kanapathipillai , Mahanama Sahan , Udesh Thamara , Selvaratnam Kaviesha , Silva Padmaka
Published: March 2022

Background
Prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is on the rise. Both gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-existing diabetes mellitus are linked to several maternal and foetal/neonatal complications. We describe the diagnosis, management and maternal, neonatal outcomes of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and compare these variables between mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and mothers with pre- existing diabetes mellitus in a rural district of Sri Lanka recovering from the effects of decades of civil war.
Methods
A retrospective cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among mothers with gestational or pre-existing diabetes with a singleton pregnancy, who delivered in the obstetric ward of district general hospital of Vavuniya from 01/10/2018 to 31/10/2019. Consecutive sampling was used.
Results
Mean age of the participants (n = 324) was 30.07 ± 4.63 (± SD) years. Post prandial blood glucose was checked in 88.8% during the booking visit. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus was detected in 13.5% of mothers. Medical nutrition therapy alone was used in the management of 54.01% of mothers. Addition of metformin alone was needed in 36.7% and 9.2% required combination therapy with metformin and insulin. There were no maternal deaths, intra uterine deaths or still births. Operative delivery was required in 46.3% of mothers. Birth weight > 3.5kg was observed in 13.3% of newborns. Low birth weight (birth weight < 2.5 kg) was noted in 5.2%. There were no cases of shoulder dystocia. Sixteen (4.93%) babies had minor complications. Post-partum complications were noted only in 7 (2.16%) mothers. Post-partum blood sugar levels were performed in 86.7% mothers. Neonatal complications and low birth weight were significantly higher among mothers with pre-existing diabetes.
Conclusions
We observed low rates of maternal and neonatal complications among mothers with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. Re-establishment of public health system in these rural areas in the post-war period probably contributed to this. Mothers with pre-existing diabetes had significantly higher rates of low birth weight and neonatal complications compared to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. A significant number of mothers missed post-partum blood sugar testing which is an area that could be improved.
Assessing the suitable cultivation areas for Fibraurea tinctoria in Vietnam using the Maxent and spatial autoregressive model (SAR)
Authors: Truong Tuyet T.A. , Nguyen Cuong Dang , Dagamac Nikki Heherson A. , Vu Thong Van , Hosaka Tetsuro
Published: March 2022

Cultivating medical plants is an efficient conservation strategy to reduce stress from the loss of wild populations and meet the increasing demand for plant-based medicine. Identifying cultivation areas for the medicinal plant should consider the suitable environmental conditions for both plant growth and the accumulation of bioactive constituents. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour., a perennial woody climber, is widely used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. However, due to overexploitation, the species has been suffering a rapid population decline in Vietnam. To promote better conservation and cultivation of F.tinctoria, the paper predicted potentially suitable cultivation areas using the Maxent model and built a spatial autoregressive model to identify the correlation between environmental factors and the active ingredient content in F. tinctoria. The results showed that F. tinctoria has a wide distribution range from the north to the south of Vietnam, excluding the Mekong, Red River Delta, and Central Highland. The precipitation in the driest season, soil types, and broadleaf cover highly influence the species’ distribution. Although altitude does not contribute much to the distribution, it highly correlates to the palmatine content. The mean diurnal range (bio2), isothermality (bio3), and precipitation seasonality also influence the palmatine content. The northwest region of Vietnam is the most suitable cultivated area with the highest palmatine. The study provides helpful information for the government and pharmaceutical companies to identify suitable areas for the growth of species and ensure the quality of chemical content; thereby human and material resources in developing medicinal cultivation areas in Vietnam will be prioritized allocated appropriately.
Variance analysis on Physical Properties of 100% Cotton 1/1 Plain Woven Fabrics.
Authors: Ahmed Shaharia
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this article is to examine the physical attributes of three distinct types of 100% cotton 1/1 plain woven fabrics. Fabrics such as canvas, poplin, and voile were considered. These textiles have a 60-inch width in common. Tear strength, tensile strength, weight (g/m2), cover factor, shrinkage, and air permeability, as well as Martindale pilling resistance and Ultra-Violet Transmission rate, were all investigated. The experiments are performing through the ASTM & AATCC Standards evaluate procedure, which is mentioned further down in this document. In comparison to poplin and voile, canvas cloth has superior weight and strength qualities and air transmission rate. The shrinkage values & ultra-violet factors of voile fabrics higher than the other two textiles. The air permeability of canvas fabrics is higher. The research is based on exercise, and the findings favor to the textile experts. Researchers will be able to pursue this field further because of this exploration.
The Relationship Between Abdominal Muscle Thickness and Lumbopelvic Pain During Pregnancy: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kawabe Rika , Morino Saori , Ishihara Mika , Shimoura Kanako , Yamasiro Chiaki , Negoro Kaho , Chen Chang Yu , Koshi Masumi , Kato Naoko , Hatanaka Hiroko , Umezaki Fumiko , Yamashita Mamoru , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai-Tanima Momoko
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is a very common cause of discomfort during pregnancy, but its etiology remains unclear. The association between abdominal muscle thickness and LPP in pregnant women has not been studied extensively, despite the significant abdominal changes that occur during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between abdominal muscle thickness and LPP during pregnancy. METHODS: In this study, 49 pregnant women in their second trimester participated. The intensity of LPP was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the thickness of abdominal muscles, including the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. Participants were classified into two groups, the LPP group and non-LPP group, and the abdominal muscle thickness was compared between the two groups. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: There were 24 and 25 participants in the LPP and non-LPP groups, respectively. Internal oblique (IO) thickness was significantly thinner in the LPP group than in the non-LPP group (5.4±0.2 mm vs. 6.1±0.2 mm; p=0.042). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IO thickness was significantly associated with LPP (odds ratio, 0.516; 95% confidence interval, 0.284-0.935; p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that LPP in second trimester pregnancy might be related to IO thickness. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the role of this muscle as an LPP risk factor for pregnant women.
Translational Design for Limited Resource Settings as Demonstrated by Vent-Lock, A 3D-Printed Ventilator Multiplexer
Authors: Xun Helen , Shallal Christopher , Unger Justin , Tao Runhan , Torres Alberto , Vladimirov Michael , Frye Jenna , Singhala Mohit , Horne Brockett , Kim Bo Soo , Montana Michael , Talcott Michael , Frisella Margaret , Kushner Bradley , Sacks Justin M. , Guest James K. , Kang Sung Hoon , Caffrey Julie
Published: March 2022

Background: Mechanical ventilators are essential to patients who become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and shortages have been reported due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We utilized 3D printing (3DP) technology to rapidly prototype and test critical components for a novel ventilator multiplexer system, Vent-Lock, to split one ventilator or anesthesia gas machine between two patients. FloRest, a novel 3DP flow restrictor, provides clinicians control of tidal volumes and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), using the 3DP manometer adaptor to monitor pressures. We tested the ventilator splitter circuit in simulation centers between artificial lungs and used an anesthesia gas machine to successfully ventilate two swine. Results: As one of the first studies to demonstrate splitting one anesthesia gas machine between two swine, we present proof-of-concept of a de novo, closed, multiplexing system, with flow restriction for potential individualized patient therapy. Conclusions: While possible, due to the complexity, need for experienced operators, and associated risks, ventilator multiplexing should only be reserved for urgent situations with no other alternatives. Our report underscores the initial design and engineering considerations required for rapid medical device prototyping via 3D printing in limited resource environments, including considerations for design, material selection and minimization, production, and distribution. We note that optimization of engineering may minimize 3D printing production risks but may not address the inherent risks of the device or change its indications. Thus, our case report provides insights to inform future rapid prototyping of medical devices.Trial Registration: n/a
PTH (1-34) enhances the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines expression on OA chondrocyte repair in vitro
Authors: Shao Li-tao , Qiu Jie-hong , Deng David Y.B
Published: March 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.