bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicative and speech development of senior preschoolers with a non-native Russian language in a Russian-speaking kindergarten environment
Authors: Emelyanova Irina Dmitrievna
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop and implement the content of correctional and developmental activities for the communicative and speech development of senior preschool children with a non-native Russian language in the Russian-speaking environment of a preschool educational organization. The article examines the problems of child bilingualism from the point of view of pedagogy, sociolinguistics, and speech therapy. The paper presents theoretical (analysis, generalization and systematization of approaches to determining the communicative and speech skills of senior preschoolers with a non-native Russian language) and empirical (non-included observation, diagnostic situations, conversation, quantitative and qualitative processing of research results) research methods. The results of the diagnosis of the communicative and speech skills of senior preschoolers with a non-native Russian language allowed the author to identify the dominance of a low level. The scientific novelty of this study is that it adds to our understanding of how children learn languages. It explains how to assess the communication and language skills of older preschoolers who speak a language other than Russian as their first language. It also suggests methods for helping these children improve their communication skills by immersing them in a Russian-speaking environment, practicing conversations in Russian in typical situations, and playing language games. The effectiveness of these methods is shown by the positive results of the control experiment.
“Traces” of Shakespeare in Yu. Dombrovsky’s essay “And I Could...”
Authors: Kablukov Valerii Vitalevich
Published: September 2024

The research aims to identify the forms of the SHAKESPEARE concept in Yu. Dombrovsky’s essay “And I Could…”. The research is novel in that it is the first to trace the evolution of the author’s creative attitudes based on the analysis of Dombrovsky’s metapoetic text. The paper identifies signs of the emergence of the author’s new poetological attitude towards the artistic assimilation of reality, which is not amenable to logocentric understanding, but implies a multiplicity of interpretations, connected with changes in the socio-cultural situation of the last third of the 20th century. In the text of Yu. Dombrovsky’s essay “And I Could…”, this manifests itself in the consideration of the development of events related to Alexander Pushkin’s reaction to the news of the death of Tsar Alexander I and the Decembrist uprising. At the same time, the understanding of specific historical realities occurs through the lens of the SHAKESPEARE concept. As a result, it is determined that the ideological component of the essay by the realist writer is genetically connected to Hamlet’s problem of choice between suicide and life. This connection is not expressed as intertextual, but exists in the form of “traces” in which the formal and substantive attachment to the source text “is erased”; it is weakened, which is, in turn, a sign of postmodernism.
Role of narrative in modern Russian drama
Authors: Abasheva Marina Petrovna , Spirina Kristina Stanislavovna
Published: September 2024

The research aims to answer the question: why is the role of storytelling increasing in the plays of young authors of the 2020s, rather than the showing that is appropriate for drama? The paper examines the genesis of drama narrativization in the 1990s-2010s (in the plays of Yevgeny Grishkovets, Nikolay Kolyada, Oleg Bogayev, etc.), traces the history of the issue in literary studies and criticism, and conducts a textual analysis of Polina Korotych’s play “Street” (2022) using the methods of modern narratology. The scientific novelty of the research lies in determining the specifics of narrativity in contemporary drama. The theoretical significance of the work is in applying the narratological analysis methodology to a modern dramatic text. As a result, it was found that contemporary drama often moves away from both showing-performativity and narrative as plot. The new narrativity of contemporary drama manifests itself in the fact that the play often turns into a narrative act from the perspective of the author or the characters. The events in the plays of Yevgeny Grishkovets, Dmitry Danilov, Polina Korotych, Olga Potapova, etc. become mental, not physical actions. The focus shifts to the verbalization of narration; the intrigue of the word becomes central in the reception of such plays. Similar phenomena are observed in other genres of contemporary literature, but drama is at the forefront of the modern literary process.
Rendering the characteristic ‘злой’ (evil; angry) into German (by the example of translations of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s prose)
Authors: Chirkova Elena Nikolayevna
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the main semantic differences between the Russian adjectives ‘злой’ (evil; angry) and ‘злобный’ (spiteful; malicious) and their most frequent translation equivalents in the German language. The research material is limited to 6 translations into German of the stories “Notes from the House of the Dead” and “Notes from Underground” by F. M. Dostoevsky (3 translations of each story). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the work is the first to examine the influence of the internal semantic structure of the Russian lexemes ‘злой’ and ‘злобный’ on the choice of translation correspondences in the German language. As a result of the study, it is shown that in the German language, there is a wide variety of translation options for the Russian adjectives ‘злой’ and ‘злобный’, among which we can distinguish nuclear lexical units that are almost complete semantic correspondences and such units that have semantic features allowing them to be used only in certain contexts: if the characteristic ‘злой’ refers to a person and to the description of relationships between people.
PENINGKATAN DONASI DENGAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITAL PEDULISEHAT.ID MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CRISP-DM
Authors: Herlambang Eggy , Basuki Carola , Purnomo Lorio , Surjandy Surjandy
Published: September 2024

Pedulisehat.id is forum that offers services in the form of online, real-time, and transparent fundraising to collecting various donations from the public to help patients with chronic diseases and need funds for the treatment process. There are several problems that occur at Pedulisehat.id. Based on the data that has been collected, the researcher draws several problems that occur at Pedulisehat.id. First, the success of Advertising (a promo from a program) to increase public interest in donating to one of the existing programs at Pedulisehat.id. Second, Marketing Cost expenses in the Pedulisehat.id division are not and are not yet comparable to the donations that come in from the public. This research uses descriptive and sentiment analysis method to assist each campaigner in increasing respondents to the campaigns carried out by each user in terms of collecting and inviting the whole community to donate. The process of making this research design using 5 stages of CRISP-DM from 6 existing stages, there are: Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation. The results of this study are expected to provide the best campaign suggestions to users running on Pedulisehat.id and predictive analytics techniques, which from the results of analytics based on existing data will display predictions that will be achieved by Pedulisehat.id.Keywords — Real time, Penggalangan dana, CRISP-DM, Media social, Advertising
Students’ Difficulties in Reading Comprehension at the Ninth Grade MTs Negeri 1 Manado
Authors: Kaharuddin Nikmala N , Thaib Dhea Ramadanti
Published: September 2024

This research aims to identify the difficulties faced by students in reading and thecauses of these difficulties. The researcher employed a mixed-methods research(MMR) approach, utilizing four research instruments: observation, interviews, tests,and documentation. The sample for this research consisted of 30 students from class9-C and two English teachers from class 9 of MTs Negeri 1 Manado. There were threedata collection procedures. The first procedure involved the researcher observingclass 9-C. The second procedure included the administration of a multiple-choice testwith 10 questions to the students of class 9-C. The third procedure involvedconducting interviews with 30 students and 2 English teachers regarding the causesof students' difficulties in reading. Based on the research findings, the researcheridentified four difficulties that students face in understanding reading: limitedvocabulary with a percentage of 68.33%, drawing conclusions 60%, detailscomprehension 54.16%, and grasping the main idea 50%. There were two factorscausing students' difficulties: internal factors and external factors. Internal factorsincluded students not reading enough, texts in English, limited vocabulary, andstudent laziness. External factors included a lack of English books and students notbringing dictionaries.Keywords: Student difficulties, Reading comprehension, Internal and External Factor
Upaya Guru PAI Dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Kenakalan Siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu
Authors: Mamonto Nabila , Baba Mastang Ambo , Mansyur Zulkifli
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Peran Guru Pendidikan agama islam Dalam mengatasi perilaku kenakalan siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotaamobagu. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa saja bentuk-bentuk perilaku kenakalan siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu dan bagaimana upaya Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Kenakalan Siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja bentuk-bentuk kenakalan siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya dari Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Kenakalam Siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi,wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian berlokasi di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu kecamatan kotamobagu Barat, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan menuliskan kesimpulan. Teknik yang digunakan peneliti untuk mendapatkan keabsahan data adalah triangulasi data. yaitu triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi waktu. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, bentuk-bentuk kenakalan siswa yang ada di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu yaitu dalam kasus ringan Tawuran, Membolos, Sering terlambat masuk sekolah dan memalak siswa lain di kelas. Upaya dari guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam mengatasi perilaku kenakalan siswa di SMK Cokroaminoto Kotamobagu yaitu dilakukan dengan tiga tahap. Pertama, usaha preventif yaitu mengantisipasi terjadinya kenakalan. Kedua, represif yaitu bersifat mengatasi timbulnya kenakalan yang bisa lebih parah lagi. Ketiga, kuratif yaitu merupakan usaha terakhir dalam mengatasi kenakalan siswa.Kata kunci : Guru PAI, Kenakalan,Siswa.
Membawa Kabar Dalam Nyanyian Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Siswa Di MTs N 2 Kotamobagu
Authors: Daun Tensy
Published: September 2024

Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Negeri 2 Kotamobagu melakukan penguatan moderasi beragama melalui penghayatan dan penjiwaan siswa pada lagu-lagu daerah (O Ina Ni Keke dan Kotamobagu Motompia), lagu-lagu nasional (Garuda Pancasila dan Tanah Airku) dan lagu-lagu bernuansa Islami (Al-I’tirof). Peneliti merasa penting untuk menganalisis pengaruh lagu-lagu tersebut sebagai refleksi dan evaluasi terhadap efektivitas program penguatan moderasi beragama. Peneliti menggunakan metode kuantatif dengan pendekatan survey pada 30 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mendengarkan lagu-lagu daerah (O Ina Ni Keke dan Kotamobagu Motompia), lagu-lagu nasional (Garuda Pancasila dan Tanah Airku) dan lagu-lagu bernuansa Islami (Al-I’tirof) memberikan pengaruh yang kuat dan positif serta signifikan terhadap penguatan moderasi beragama siswa MTs N 2 Kotamobagu. Lagu-lagu tersebut membawa kabar moderasi beragama yang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 67,7 %. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa semakin efektif penghayatan dan penjiwaan siswa pada lagu-lagu daerah (O Ina Ni Keke dan Kotamobagu Motompia), lagu-lagu nasional (Garuda Pancasila dan Tanah Airku) dan lagu-lagu bernuansa Islami (Al-I’tirof) maka semakin meningkat pemahaman dan semangat moderasi beragama siswa di MTs N 2 Kotamobagu.Kata kunci: Moderasi Beragama dan Lagu Moderasi
Navigating Pluralism in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis of Mut'ah Marriage in Ja'fari and Sunni Schools of Thought
Authors: Azhari Doni , Asmuni Asmuni , Nasution Khoiruddin
Published: September 2024

This study examines the differing views on mut'ah (temporary) marriage between the Ja'fari and Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence through a comparative analysis of their legal reasoning methodologies. Employing qualitative research methods including textual analysis of primary sources, historical examination, and comparative legal analysis, the study explores the origins of these divergent interpretations and their implications for contemporary Muslim societies. The findings reveal that differences in scriptural interpretation, hadith authentication, and legal principles contribute to the contrasting positions on mut'ah marriage. While the Ja'fari school considers it permissible based on Quranic verses and certain hadith, Sunni schools generally prohibit it, citing abrogation and potential social harms. The study highlights how these differing views reflect broader patterns of legal pluralism in Islamic jurisprudence and impact contemporary debates on gender, marriage, and religious authority in Muslim communities. By critically evaluating arguments from both traditions, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Islamic legal diversity and its ongoing negotiation in modern contexts.
Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society
Authors: Fithriani Ahda , Faridah Faridah , Syarqawi Fitriana , Jahra Pati Matu
Published: September 2024

The research titled "Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society" focuses on the role of the Pamali tradition in maintaining cultural diversity and local identity within the Banjar society of South Kalimantan, all within the framework of Islamic thought. The study aims to explore how Pamali can serve as a tool for preserving minority rights and promoting multiculturalism in an Islamic context. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the relevance and effectiveness of the Pamali tradition in addressing the challenges posed by modernization. This research employs a qualitative approach, specifically a case study of the Banjar community. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with community leaders, and analysis of literature related to Pamali and multiculturalism in Islam. The findings reveal that Pamali plays a significant role in preserving local culture and supporting the integration of Islamic values with local traditions. The study confirms that Pamali not only helps maintain the cultural identity of the Banjar people but also promotes inclusive multiculturalism within an Islamic framework. However, the effectiveness of Pamali in preserving multiculturalism faces challenges from the pressures of modernization, which require more structured adaptation and institutional support. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of local traditions in Islamic multiculturalism and offers insights for developing cultural preservation policies in Indonesia.
Pembelajaran PAI melalui Metode Daring dalam Penguatan Karakter Peserta Didik
Authors: Domo Domo
Published: September 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 telah berdampak signifikan pada sektor pendidikan di Indonesia, mengharuskan perubahan dalam proses pembelajaran, terutama dalam metode penyampaian materi. Pemerintah merespons situasi ini dengan mengeluarkan pedoman untuk penyelenggaraan pembelajaran dari rumah, memperkenalkan metode pembelajaran daring (dalam jaringan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi metode pembelajaran daring pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam upaya pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dengan lokasi penelitian di dua sekolah, yaitu SDN Kebonjati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SDN Kebonjati secara sistematis menerapkan metode pembelajaran daring dengan melibatkan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian untuk memperkuat karakter peserta didik. Namun, permasalahan yang muncul adalah kurangnya antusiasme peserta didik, yang disebabkan oleh adaptasi yang belum optimal terhadap metode pembelajaran daring.
Analisis Kritis Terhadap Implementasi Teori Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an dan Hadis: Studi Kasus di SMAN 5 Karawang
Authors: Hansyah Hari Alih , Titin Kuraesin  , Ahmad Saefurridjal  , Iskandar Mirza
Published: September 2024

Pendidikan sebagai investasi manusia yang berperan dalam proses pembangunan karakter dan intelektual suatu bangsa. Tolok ukur suatu bangsa yang maju dapat dilihat dari keberhasilan pendidikannya. Pendidikan harus mendapatkan perhatian khusus dan konsep yang matang agar tujuan pendidikan dapat tercapai. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pendidikan dalam perspektif yang berbeda, yaitu perspektif Al-Quran dan Al-Hadis yang berpusat pada Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMAN 5 Karawang. Tujuan dan isi atau materi pendidikan dalam perspektif Al-Quran dan Al-Hadist adalah tujuan yang mencakup pendidikan karakter yang cakupannya adalah memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan yang sehat secara jasmani (ahdaf al-jismiyyah), memperoleh kesehatan secara rohani (ahdaf al-ruhiyah), memperoleh akal yang sehat (ahdaf al-aqliyah), memperoleh kehidupan sosial yang bermanfaat di masyarakat. (ahdaf al-ijtima'iyah). Pendekatan deskriptif dan library research dalam penelitian ini sangat diperlukan untuk mencapai fakta dan realitas yang ada, khususnya perkembangan dalam dunia pendidikan Islam. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian terhadap Tafsir Tarbawi karya Ahmad Munir dan sumber-sumber lainnya, sedangkan untuk data sekunder menggunakan buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan tujuan pendidikan. Dari hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan penelitian kepustakaan, diperoleh informasi bahwa di dalam Al-Quran terdapat beberapa istilah pendidikan diantaranya tarbiyah, ta'dib, ta'lim dan tazkiyah. Tujuan pendidikan pada akhirnya adalah membentuk manusia menjadi insan kamil dan bermanfaat bagi lingkungannya. Materi pendidikan dibagi menjadi 2 bidang, yaitu bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman dan bidang ilmu-ilmu sosial dan eksakta.
Strategi Meningkaktkan Kemampuan Mengingat Pada Siswa MI Bani Quraisyin Kota Bandung
Authors: Rika Nurlena  , Uyun Misma Nurul , Dia Anezti  , Ismail Muhammad Adittia
Published: September 2024

Penelitian dilaksanakan di MI Bani Quraisin kota Bandung bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi yang dapat mengatasi masalah daya ingat peserta didik. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa salah satu cara meningkatkan daya ingat peserta didik adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran. Salah satu model yang digunakan adalah Team Games Tournament (TGT), sebuah model pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa untuk berperan aktif dan kolaboratif. Model TGT juga berkaitan erat dengan teori kerucut pengalaman Edgar Dale. Teori ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran yang melibatkan lebih banyak indra dan partisipasi aktif cenderung meningkatkan retensi informasi. Dalam penelitian ini, siswa dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok untuk mempelajari materi, bermain permainan edukatif, dan berpartisipasi dalam turnamen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang belajar dengan model TGT menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kemampuan daya ingat dan pemahaman materi dibandingkan dengan metode pembelajaran tradisional. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa TGT merupakan strategi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan daya ingat siswa, selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip yang diuraikan dalam teori kerucut pengalaman Edgar Dale. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, variasi dalam setiap pembelajaran sangat penting untuk menarik perhatian dan meningkatkan semangat belajar dari peserta didik, sehingga menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih dinamis dan efektif. Dengan demikian, penerapan model pembelajaran TGT dapat menjadi solusi dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan daya ingat peserta didik secara signifikan.
MusiQAl: Music Question-Answering through Audio-Video Fusion
Authors: Christodoulou Anna-Maria , Glette Kyrre , Lartillot Olivier , Jensenius Alexander Refsum
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces MusiQAl, a comprehensive Music Question-Answering dataset comprising 310 music performance videos paired with 11,830 question-answer sets, each set annotated by expert musicologists. Combining information from audio and video enhances the description of a music performance. Audio captures sound nuances, while video shows stage presence and expressive music gestures. These gestures convey crucial musical information like dynamics, phrasing, and emotion. The audio-visual music question-answering task exemplifies leveraging both modalities to address music-related queries, illustrating the effectiveness of this multimodal approach. However, many existing datasets may not fully capture the diversity of musical genres or the nuanced aspects of musical performance. Including audio-visual captions, the dataset features various musical instruments from at least 18 countries across all five continents and encompasses multiple genres, including instrumental, dance, and vocal performances. Our dataset showcases the diversity of music performances and establishes a link between question-answer pairs and studies on music cognition. We employ advanced techniques in information fusion for multimodal music processing, showcasing the efficacy of MusiQAl on state-of-the-art music question-answering models. Our research underscores the critical role of human-annotated data and highlights the necessity for a new taxonomy of music question templates.
Faith working through love: pistergism, a novel soteriological framework
Authors: Pommerenck Jordan Kenneth
Published: September 2024

A holistic understanding of the biblical concept of regeneration (παλιγγενεσία)is of critical importance to the soteriological aspect of the Christian faith. Unfortunately, the Greek lexical (παλιγγενεσία) occurs only twice in New Testament thought. Further, only the pastoral Epistle to Titus relates regeneration with the salvic process. While philosophical theories, such as monergism and synergism, have been proposed in an effort to connect the pastoral description of regeneration to the working of the Holy Spirit, the complex and ill-defined syntactical construction of the Greek phrase (διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως Πνεύματος Ἁγίου) makes any tendentious assertion concerning the author's original meaning tenuous. In this work, pistergism (πίστηργισμós) is defined as an alternative soteriological framework that views regeneration as lexically isolated from the renewal of the Holy Spirit. The theory of pistergism posits that the Holy Spirit does not administer in the regeneration process. This theory views sola fide as the origin and means of initial salvation. In contrast to both monergism and synergism which respectively posit that the Holy Spirit is entirely or partially involved in the regeneration process, pistergism posits that initial salvation, as defined in biblical thought, is the direct and singular result of a person hearing the Gospel and choosing to believe.
Mapping students' Open Science attitudes and preferences: Country and education level differences - PCI RR Stage 1 Report
Authors: Frank Maximilian , Grüning David Joachim , Pronizius Ekaterina , Korbmacher Max , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Bergmann Leonardo , Azevedo Flavio , Kramer Sarah Johanna Sophie , Straub Nina , Herderich Alina
Published: September 2024

This is a Stage 1 Manuscript of a Peer Community in Registered Report.
Does a child's opinion counterweight that of an adult expert? Anchor's relevance in multiple anchoring effect
Authors: Navarre Aglaé , didierjean andre , Thomas Cyril
Published: September 2024

In our everyday life, we are constantly exposed to multiple pieces of information from different sources with varying degrees of relevance. It is therefore important to understand whether exposure to information from sources we know to be irrelevant can influence us. This study examines this question through the lens of the anchoring effect (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) by analyzing how numbers provided by sources of varying relevance might influence numerical estimates. In this study, participants answered general knowledge questions after being exposed to either a relevant anchor (from an adult expert), an irrelevant anchor (from a preschooler), or both anchors in succession. The results show that although the irrelevant anchor presented alone does not produce an anchoring effect, it can eliminate the anchoring effect produced by the relevant anchor when both anchors are presented consecutively. We discuss the psychological processes underlying this phenomenon.
Empreendedorismo Feminino: a criação de empresas por mulheres
Authors: DE SOUZA NASCIMENTO LAURA
Published: September 2024

Female entrepreneurship is the set of businesses conceived or led by women. It also encompasses the presence of women in leadership positions. Some of the reasons why women start their own businesses are the search for economic independence, professional fulfillment, personal and family fulfillment. Most of the time, due to the lack of formal jobs, women seek entrepreneurship as an alternative for work and income. But currently, women still face more difficulties than men when it comes to entrepreneurship.
Assessment of the Impacts of Energy Poverty on Small and Medium Businesses in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Oshio L. E. , Owenvbiugue R. O. , Amine Benichou
Published: September 2024

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) coupled with the availability of stable and affordable electricity grid supply are crucial towards meeting key Sustainable Development Goals, especially poverty eradication, as well as addressing youth unemployment in developing countries. Unfortunately, electricity grid supply shortage remains a major setback to economic growth, where over 70% of Nigeria’s population makes their livelihood from SMEs. The present study hence aimed to examine the effects of electricity grid supply inadequacy on daily operations of small businesses in select quarters in Benn City, Edo State. A total of ten (10) small businesses were randomly sampled using questionnaire method across ten (10) quarters in the study area. The study found that majority of business owners (49.2%) rely on electricity grid supply for their daily operations. On whether electricity grid supply is reliable, 49.3% reported that supply is inconsistent (on and off), while 35.4% reported that supply is inadequate for their businesses. A total of 38.6% of the sampled respondents reported that electricity grid supply is only available for a period of 4-5hr/day in their quarters, 28.5% reported 6-10hr/day in other quarters, while 22.9% reported that supply is only available for less than 3hrs/day in their quarters. In terms of the effect of poor electricity grid supply on business operations, declining income level ranked highest (35.3%), followed by extra expenses incurred by business owners on alternative electricity supply especially power generating set popularly known as gen set (24.8%) and low patronage of clients especially soft drink and beer parlour businesses (17.5%).
A systematic review of multi-domain modelling techniques of gastric digestion
Authors: Ahmetaj Armand , Du Peng , Farajidavar Aydin
Published: September 2024

Advancements in hardware have enabled more sophisticated computational models that facilitate mechanistic studies through simulations of various interventions both in vivo and ex vivo. There is a growing need for a computational model that accurately simulates the mechanics and electrophysiology of the stomach under diverse operational conditions. A model as such would be crucial for analyzing gastric responses to medications and simulating specific types of gastric functional disorders such as gastroparesis or those induced by bariatric surgery or pyloroplasty. To be effective, the model must replicate the stomach's electrophysiology, the mechanical properties of the gastric tissues and digesta in both active and passive states, and the chemoelectrical-mechanical activation mechanisms. This review details the development of various gastric electrophysiological models, their integration into mechanical models, and the underlying electrochemistry. It also discusses how electromechanical modeling can reveal critical insights into gastric pathophysiology and addresses specific aspects of gastrointestinal functional disorders induced by drugs or surgical interventions. Lastly, this review proposes further research to elucidate the connections between gastric tissue deformations and gastric electrophysiological dynamics.
Utilizing rewards to dampen fear and its recovery
Authors: Brown Elliot C. , Artigas Sergio Oroz , Elsner Sarah , Liu Lu , Park Soyoung Q
Published: September 2024

Fearful memories can be extinguished by repeated exposure, without aversive outcomes. Fear extinction as the basis for exposure therapy, is a common treatment for anxiety and fear-related disorders, but it can be unpleasant and does not always work. Across two independent studies, we investigated whether a novel reward-fear deepened extinction procedure dampens fear while physiological, neural and subjective pleasantness changes were tracked. This presentation of reward cues enhanced fear extinction powerfully, resulting in effective protection against the return of fear a week later. Moreover, fear extinction accompanying a reward cue was perceived as more pleasant. On the neural level, we identified a network involving hippocampus and amygdala that underlies the benefit of this novel deepened extinction, where connectivity changes also predicted changes in subjective pleasantness. Our study identifies the effects of deepened extinction in regulating long-term fear recovery and its underlying neural mechanism. We shed light on an innovative method to enhance fear extinction, with high translational potential for therapy.
Measuring Policy Positioning in U.S. Congressional Elections
Authors: Case Colin Rafferty , Porter Rachel
Published: September 2024

Measures for the policy positions of political actors are essential to testing foundational questions about political representation, partisan polarization, and electoral competition. Thousands of candidates run for the U.S. Congress each election season, yet we lack systematic information on the issue-level positions of the vast majority of these electoral contenders. To that end, we pair an original collection of campaign platforms with tools for machine learning to produce novel issue-level measures of congressional candidates’ policy positioning. Our measures span multiple salient issue areas (e.g., guns, immigration, and abortion) for candidates who ran for the U.S. House of Representatives between 2018 and 2022. Through a series of validation tests, we demonstrate that our Candidate Positioning Indexes (CPIs) reliably capture latent issue-specific positions from text. We go on to demonstrate that unidimensional “ideal points” for candidate policy positioning mask important variation in issue polarization at the party level and multidimensionality in left-right positioning at the candidate level.
Developing language in a developing body: Genetic associations of infant motor and personal-social skills with emerging language abilities
Authors: Verhoef Ellen , de Hoyos Lucia , Schlag Fenja , van der Ven Jeffrey , Olislagers Mitchell , Dale Philip , Kidd Evan , Fisher Simon , St Pourcain Beate
Published: September 2024

Mastering developmental milestones such as infant motor and personal-social skills (including social routines and pretend-play) can initiate a cascade of developmental changes that may affect language learning. Specifically, motor development may represent an important, but little understood “gateway” enabling children to interact with their environment. Here, we investigate how infant motor and personal-social abilities link to infant and toddler language performance, using a genetic perspective. For this, we studied measures of motor and personal-social skills (6 and 15 months) as predictors of language development, captured by ten language phenotypes (15-38 months) in genotyped children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N≤7,017). Language measures were combined into language factor scores (LFS) using structural equation modelling. Developmental genomic and non-genomic (residual) relationships across phenotypes were modelled with a Cholesky decomposition using genetic-relationship-matrix structural equation modelling (GRM-SEM). The ten early language measures were captured by three interrelated language factors (F-15M, F-24M, F-38M, 51.3% explained variance), each corresponding to a different age window. Across infant predictors and derived language factor scores, common genetic variation accounted for a modest proportion of the phenotypic variance (known as heritability, h2: gross-motor-abilities-6M-h2=0.18(SE=0.06), personal-social-skills-15M-h2=0.18(SE=0.06), LFS-15M-h2=0.12(SE=0.05), LFS-24M-h2=0.21(SE=0.06), LFS-38M-h2=0.17(SE=0.05)). Fitting a Cholesky GRM-SEM across predictors and LFS showed that infant gross motor abilities shared genetic influences with personal-social skills (factor loading λ; personal-social-skills-15M-λ=0.22(SE=0.09)), but were unrelated to language performance (P≥0.05). In contrast, genetic influences underlying personal-social skills, independent of gross motor skills, were related to all three LFS (LFS-15M-λ=0.26(SE=0.09), LFS-24M-λ=0.28(SE=0.10), LFS-38M-λ=0.30(SE=0.10)). GRM-SEM analyses studying individual language outcomes provided consistent results, both for genomic and non-genomic structures. Thus, aetiological processes linking motor to personal-social skills differ from those linking personal-social to language abilities, consistent with a developmental cascade where motor control enables children to engage in novel social interactions, but children’s social learning abilities foster language development.
A Comprehensive Study on Implementation of Deep Learning on Autonomous Vehicle for Steering Angle Prediction and Stability
Authors: Sharma Swodesh , Neupane Puskar , Shrestha Shashwot , Phuyal Sushil , Satyal Sanjivan
Published: September 2024

The development of autonomous vehicles has recently enhanced the transportation industry and opened up a variety of opportunities and problems that can be solved with the aid of current methods and technology. In this study, three separate algorithms were used to predict the steering angle with a track image: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolution Neural Network (CNN), and a combination of CNN and Long-Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). The PID controller was employed for benchmarking, which takes Cross-Track Error (CTE) provided by the simulation to steer the vehicle. To achieve improved performance, the standard NVIDIA CNN self-driving model was slightly altered by feeding it with sequential frames. The comparison analysis was conducted using the OpenAI Gym Donkey Simulator.
A Tourist Destination Recommender System for Nepali Tourism Industry
Authors: Dahal Manohar , Mainali Dipin , Shrestha Aman , Joshi Bibek , Sharma Dahal Suramya
Published: September 2024

Tourism is one of the major sources of revenue in developing countries with natural beauty like Nepal. Understanding tourist preferences is essential to optimize this industry. Many places suffer obscurity due to not being recommended to the tourists who would’ve liked the destination. Our goal is to analyse what every tourist likes and recommend them accordingly. In case of Nepal, since there are a lot of under-explored potential tourist destinations and not many data available for the reviews and ratings, the data becomes sparse and limited. To tackle the challenge, our system utilizes a blend of content-based and collaborative filtering, which is known as hybrid filtering. The system leverages the strengths of Cosine Similarity, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Matrix Factorization to personalize recommendations based on user preferences and available destination information even in a sparse as well as limited dataset.  This approach not only tackles the under-exploration of hidden gems but also presents a scalable framework applicable to any domain with limited data, potentially impacting personalized recommendations across various industries.
Compressive Strength Comparison Between Plain Concrete and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Mixed Concrete
Authors: Karki Nimesh
Published: September 2024

The construction industry continuously seeks innovative approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns. This research investigates the quality, mechanical properties, compressive strength of concrete incorporating Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a plastic material usually Cold drinks bottle, and compares it with plain concrete. Study involves to replace natural aggregate by an artificial aggregate (PET). PET were introduced into the concrete mix at varying percentages by weight of fine aggregate, following the principle of design mix and comprehensive laboratory testing was conducted to determine the density, quality, Compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete with and without Polyethylene Terephthalate. Non-Destructive test was conducted using Rebound Hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse and Destructive test using Universal Testing Machine. The results reveal that PET mixed concrete slightly decreases the compressive strength of concrete with increasing the percentage of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Density of concrete is 2400kg/m3and concrete up to 6% PET follows the standard value. Based on this study optimum 3.52% of PET by weight can be used in concrete mix. This study underscores the potential of PET fibers as an effective reinforcement material for concrete, contributing to the reduction of plastic waste in the environment. The findings provide valuable insights for the construction industry, highlighting the feasibility of incorporating recycled plastics into concrete mixes to enhance structural performance while promoting sustainability.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Portable Hand Driven Ploughing Tool for Maize Farm
Authors: Badu Gaurab , Khanal Shiva , Tamang Rajesh , Kumar Sha Kalwar Rahul , K. Devkota Lochan , Adhikari Sunil
Published: September 2024

This paper provides insight into the performance of portable hand-driven ploughing tools on a maize farm. The focus is on the effect of ploughing blades on the soil and aims to replace traditional ploughs like spades and hoes with hand-driven tools. The goal of this paper is to reduce human effort by showing that the working velocity of the Ploughing tool is four times that of the Traditional Tool and ensure a comfortable posture for the farmer during ploughing while also offering a simple, economical, and efficient solution for ploughing and weed removal. The hand-driven ploughing tool aims to offer a suitable mechanization option for small-scale farmers, providing a solution that satisfies their needs and labor problems. The tool features a ploughing blade with a blade angle and rake angle of 45 degrees, designed to achieve the required depth of cut for the maize farm efficiently. However, it's essential to consider potential limitations or challenges associated with using the hand-driven ploughing tool, such as its effectiveness in different soil types, the physical exertion required by the farmer, and any maintenance or durability concerns. The design and simulation of the plough are developed in SolidWorks.
Modeling of Grid Tied PV Inverter to Improve its Performance During Unbalanced Load and Unbalance Fault
Authors: Khanal Bibek , Bhattarai Kulchandra , Shrestha Lenish , Dahal Aashish , Tamrakar Indraman
Published: September 2024

Integrating solar through inverter brings about various challenges in the microgrids and the inverter itself. This paper aims to the study of problems in the operation of inverter during unbalance load and unbalance fault condition along with the possible control measures to mitigate those problems to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the inverter. A grid connected PV inverter is modeled using hysteresis band controller and implementing the MPPT of the PV system with the buck boost converter. During unbalance load and unbalance fault condition, the negative and zero sequence components of current exists. All the zero-sequence component of current is delivered by the grid. The negative sequence component of current also flows through the inverter resulting in high value of current and loss of stability. Also, the voltage across the dc link capacitor increases during fault. The high value of current flowing through the inverter and high voltage across dc link capacitor may damages the inverter and capacitor respectively. An inverter dual current controller is introduced replacing the hysteresis band control such that the negative sequence component of current flowing through the inverter is almost mitigated from 600A to 10A and positive sequence current is also reduced relatively to a tolerable value 150A from 550A. The total current flowing through the inverter is limited to 200A from 950A and voltage across dc link capacitor is limited to 700V from 1050V during LG fault at the inverter side thus ensuring safe operation of the inverter during voltage dip condition. A further study can be done on limiting the positive sequence component of current to a rated value and improving the performance while operating in islanded mode.
Small Open Space
Authors: Karki Rachana , Maharjan Bipin , Subedi Dinesh , Kumar Kalwar Aadesh , Shrestha Sweta
Published: September 2024

People can participate in the public realm by using public open spaces. In contrast to the setting of home or job, it is a place where people can physically join the larger community. The absence of neighbour interactions and the isolation of people as a result of a lack of well-maintained public open spaces have been characteristics of a new emerging town. Many public open places around the world have been underappreciated and severely neglected. A well-planned public open space would entice residents to leave their homes and participate in a variety of activities. When it comes to use and occupancy, this can raise the quality of the area. By evaluating the architectural and urban elements of the public open spaces, this research intends to discover and analyse dysfunctional public open spaces and weak linkages in those areas, and come up with solutions to improve these spaces and stimulate public life.
Stock Market Prediction in Nepali Stock Market using Machine Learning Model
Authors: Gurung Mausam , Neupane Prabin , Shrestha Sujan
Published: September 2024

The stock market, a key driver of the global economy, presents a formidable challenge for accurate prediction due to its intricate, chaotic, and dynamic nature. This study explores machine learning approaches, specifically comparing three prediction models—Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The analysis incorporates historical stock trading data, including open, high, low, and close prices, and technical analysis indicators such as moving average, Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), and Commodity Channel Index (CCI) so on. The evaluation focuses on the performance of these models in predicting future trends in stock prices, utilizing data from the Nepal Stock market spanning from 2013 to 2023. The selected stocks for analysis include two stock NIC Asia Bank Limited and, NMB Bank Limited, two index NEPSE and Hydropower index. Through rigorous assessment, it is determined that LSTM demonstrates superior overall performance compared to GRU and BPNN. This research contributes valuable insights into the effectiveness of machine learning models in forecasting stock market trends, with implications for investors and financial practitioners.
ज्योतिषशास्त्रे ग्रहणविमर्शः
Authors: भट्टराईः Bhattarai कपिलदेव Kapildev
Published: September 2024

‘ग्रहगणितं ज्योतिषम्’ इति ज्योतिषस्य परिभाषा । ज्योतिषशास्त्रे चन्दसूर्यग्रहणयोः सफलं विमर्शनं विहितमस्ति । एतत्क्रमे प्रथमं ग्रहणपरिभाषा, सूर्यचन्द्रग्रहणयोः कारणम्, ग्रहणभेदाः, ग्रहणसम्बद्धा पौराणिकी मान्यता, ग्रहणकालः, ग्रहणविषयकमैतिह्यञ्चेति विविधविषया वर्णिताःसन्ति । वैज्ञानिकदृशा च विवेचितं सूर्यचन्द्ररूपं ग्रहणद्वयं ज्योतिर्जगति महत्त्वपूर्णं मन्यते । वैज्ञानिकानां मते ग्रहणन्तु चमत्कारावस्थाविशेषम् । नूनमपि  धर्मप्राणाः सज्जनाः स्वकीयधर्मसंस्कृतौ विश्वासं कुर्वन्ति । ग्रहणस्य धार्मिकं महत्त्वं धर्मशास्त्रादिषु यथा प्रतिपादितं तथैवात्रापि प्रदर्शितमस्ति । एवमेवात्र ग्रहणे त्रिकालस्नानमहत्त्वं मन्त्रजपमहत्त्वं दानमहत्त्वञ्च प्रतिपादयन् गोचरवशेन जायमानदुष्टफलनिवारणार्थं शान्तिविधिश्च प्रदर्शितोऽस्ति ।
संस्कृतकाव्यप्रणयनपरम्परायां मङ्गलाचरणस्य महत्त्वम्
Authors: कोइराला Koirala गुरुप्रसाद Guruprasad
Published: September 2024

लोके यस्य कस्यापि सत्कार्यस्य शुभारम्भे निर्विघ्नपरिसमाप्त्यर्थं मङ्गलविधिः क्रियते । गृहनिर्माणे शिलान्यासः, उपनयनविवाहादिकार्ये कुलदेवादीनां पूजनम्, यात्रारम्भे स्तोत्रवाचनम्, कार्यक्रमप्रारम्भे स्वस्तिवाचनम् इत्यादिकं मङ्गलाचरणमेव मन्यते । एतेषां कार्याणां  निर्विघ्नतया कार्यसाफल्यं मङ्गलस्य प्रयोजनं भवति । पौरस्त्यकाव्यशास्त्रपरम्परा एव ऋषिमुनिभिः प्रारब्धा ज्ञायते । ते इष्टदेवान् विस्मृत्य किमपि कार्यारम्भं न कुर्वन्ति स्म । ते काव्यशास्त्रादिप्रणयनमपि सत्कार्यमेवेति विचार्य काव्यस्य शास्त्रस्य चारम्भे इष्टदेवस्य प्रार्थनां कुर्वन्ति स्म ।  इयं परम्परा अद्यावधि प्रचलिता विद्यते । ग्रन्थारम्भे कृतेन भगवत्स्मरणेन काव्यकर्तुर्मनसि दृढविश्वासो जायते यत् भगवतः प्रासादात् कार्यमिदं निश्चप्रचं समाप्यते । इत्यनेन ग्रन्थकर्तुः कृतिरचनायां विलक्षणोत्साहः आविष्क्रियते । निर्विघ्नपरिसमाप्तौ कवेरुत्साह एव प्रथमा सामग्री भवति । पौरस्त्यवाङ्‍मये रचिता ग्रन्थाः प्रायशो मङ्गलाचरणबद्धा विद्यन्ते । ग्रन्थादौ मङ्‍लपद्यरचनापरम्परा अद्यावधि प्रचलिता दृश्यते । मङ्‌गलाचरणमपि रसालङ्‍कारैः सुसंस्कृतं कमनीयसौन्दर्यजनकं भवति । मङ्‍गलपद्याद् देवादिविषयकं रतिभावमास्वाद्य पाठका अपि कृतकृत्या जायन्ते । मङ्‍लाचरणस्य गुरुत्वं विचार्यैव औपचारिकपरीक्षास्वपि मङ्‍लाचरणपद्यानि प्रश्नत्वेन पृच्छ्यन्ते । एतादृशस्य महत्त्वाधायकस्य मङ्‍लाचरणस्य दृश्यमदृश्यञ्च महत्त्वं विषयीकृत्य निष्कर्षनिस्सारणार्थं लेखेऽस्मिन् पुस्तकालयस्थितान् प्राथमिकद्वितीयकस्रोतस्सामग्रीरधीत्य विश्लेषणतथ्यापनादिविधीन्नवलम्ब्य निष्कर्षनिस्सारणं करिष्यते ।
काव्यप्रकाशानुसारेण ध्वनितत्त्वविवेचनम्
Authors: तिमिल्सिना Timilsina महानन्द Mahananda
Published: September 2024

अस्मिन् लेखे मम्मटाचार्यविरचितस्य काव्यप्रकाशे कीदृशानि ध्वनिविषयकमतानि प्रस्तुतानि सन्तीति विषये समीक्षणं कृतमस्ति । अस्मिन् लेखे मम्मटप्रतिपादितानामविवक्षितवाच्य–विवक्षितान्यपरवाच्यध्वनिभेदानां पर्यवेक्षणं विहितमस्ति । व्याकरणस्य स्फोटसिद्धान्तादनुप्राणितो ध्वनिरानन्दवर्धनस्य मम्मटस्य च साहाय्येन काव्यस्यात्मतत्त्वेन निर्धारितः । ध्वनिविरोधिमतखण्डनक्रमे आनन्दवर्धनाभिनवगुप्तमम्मटादीनामतुलनीया भूमिका संलक्ष्यते । मम्मटेन विवक्षिताविवक्षित–संलक्ष्यासंलक्ष्य–रसभाव–शब्दार्थोभयशक्त्युद्भवादीनामाधारेण ध्वनेर्मूलत एकपञ्चाशद्भेदाः प्रदर्शिताः । अत्र ध्वनेः परम्पराप्रदर्शनपूर्वकमस्य समीक्षणं कृतमस्ति । गुणात्मिकायामनुसन्धानपद्धत्यामाधारितेऽस्मिननुसन्धाने द्वितीयकस्रोतयुतानां सामग्रीणां संयोजनं वर्तते ।