bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Littératures en langues africaines
Authors: Abomo-Maurin Marie-Rose
Published: March 2022

La carence de productions littéraires dans les langues camerounaises est une conséquence des luttes d’influence que le pays a connues depuis la première pénétration occidentale dans son territoire au XVI e  siècle. Les Allemands héritent du pays lors de la Conférence de Berlin, mais ils avaient déjà signé des accords avec les chefs duala. Or, de nombreux missionnaires protestants américains et jamaïcains ont entamé la construction de stations pour l’évangélisation et fondé des écoles, des services d’éducation et de soins. La défaite allemande de la Première Guerre mondiale place le pays sous le Mandat de la Société des Nations qui confie la partie occidentale du Cameroun aux Anglais et l’autre aux Français. Les combats qui naissent entre cette nouvelle administration française et les missions laissent paraître un intérêt plus vif des missionnaires pour les langues locales, alors que la politique assimilationniste imposée par la domination française donne toute priorité à la langue française.
Littératures en langues africaines
Authors: Reuster-Jahn Uta
Published: March 2022

En 2007, la première œuvre de fiction en swahili fut publiée sur Internet, au moment où l’écrivain et l’éditeur Eric James Shigongo lançait un blog pour y éditer ses romans sous forme de séries, ainsi qu’une sélection d’extraits de ses tabloïds. Son objectif n’était pas alors de vendre ses œuvres, mais de constituer un lectorat plus large et d’attirer de la publicité sur son site. Au cours de ces dernières années, de nouvelles formes de publication ont été développées en Tanzanie : un groupe d’auteurs a mis au point un modèle de commercialisation de leurs livres qui combine la publication des séries sur Facebook, la vente de leurs livres par téléchargement, dans une librairie et un commerce par bons de commande.
Littératures en langues africaines
Authors: Salhi Mohand-Akli , Ameziane Amar
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre est une contribution à la sociologie du livre littéraire kabyle. À partir de données quantitatives, nous étudierons l’évolution des pratiques éditoriales dans les espaces kabylophones et dressons le profil sociologique des éditeurs. Ainsi, on note que l’édition, traditionnellement associative, cède progressivement la place à l’édition privée mais continue d’être militante. Par ailleurs, évoluant par le passé en milieu d’émigration, elle se trouve désormais relocalisée en Algérie. Quant aux éditeurs du livre littéraire kabyle, ils sont essentiellement des militants dont l’activité éditoriale constitue le prolongement du militantisme culturel et politique. Ils adoptent des stratégies diverses pour survivre et acquérir de la visibilité.
Des acteurs sécuritaires qui s’improvisent diplomates ? La gestion du « dossier palestinien » par les services de renseignement généraux égyptiens
Authors: Daoud Sarah
Published: March 2022

L’activité de négociation des officiers de renseignement diffère-t-elle de celle des « diplomates de carrière » ? Comment négocient-ils ? Pour répondre à ces questions, j’ai choisi de me pencher sur le « dossier palestinien » historiquement géré par les services de renseignement généraux égyptiens ( al-mukhābarāt al-‘amma ). Depuis l’épisode de division politique et territoriale entre la bande de Gaza et la Cisjordanie en juin 2007, l’action des mukhabārat dans ce dossier se concentre en parallèle sur deux processus de négociation : la réconciliation intra-palestinienne et l’apaisement entre la bande de Gaza et Israël. La configuration de négociation que forment ces deux processus imbriqués laisse apparaître la prépondérance du rôle des négociateurs égyptiens, qui ne s’apparente pas à celui de médiateur stricto sensu . Le cas de l’activité de négociation des services de renseignement égyptiens participe de l’élargissement du spectre d’analyse des processus de médiation en intégrant des acteurs peu étudiés.
De l’importance de l’adéquation entre la personne et le poste dans les institutions parapubliques : vérification de l’effet médiateur de l’adéquation personne-poste dans la relation entre la gestion des talents et les résultats du personnel
Authors: Mensah James Kwame , Bawole Justice Nyigmah
Published: March 2022

Le présent article a pour but de répondre aux récents appels pour des recherches sur les mécanismes qui permettent à la gestion des talents d’influencer les résultats des travailleurs talentueux. Dans cet article, nous nous sommes appuyés sur les théories de l’attraction-sélection-attrition et de la capacité, de la motivation et des opportunités pour examiner l’un des mécanismes, à savoir l’adéquation personne-poste, par lequel la gestion des talents influence l’engagement affectif et les intentions de départ des travailleurs de talent dans les institutions parapubliques au Ghana. Nous avons utilisé un échantillon de 232 membres du vivier de talents pour tester un modèle de médiation partielle à l’aide d’une modélisation par équation structurelle. Nos observations indiquent que la gestion des talents n’a pas seulement un effet direct, mais aussi un effet indirect sur les résultats des travailleurs de talent en termes d’engagement affectif et d’intentions de départ par le biais de l’adéquation personne-poste. Nous examinerons les implications de ces observations. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les spécialistes des ressources humaines peuvent tenter d’accroître l’engagement affectif et de réduire les intentions de départ en cherchant à faire coïncider les tâches professionnelles et les connaissances, les compétences et les capacités des travailleurs de talent, tout en répondant à leurs besoins par les fournitures qui émanent de leur travail grâce aux pratiques de gestion des talents. Les professionnels des ressources humaines peuvent choisir d’évaluer l’adéquation personne-poste des travailleurs de talent au cours de la phase de présélection de leur vivier de talents. Les spécialistes des ressources humaines peuvent parvenir à une adéquation personne-poste pour les membres actuels de leur vivier de talents grâce à la conception des tâches et à la planification de carrière, ainsi qu’à l’avancement professionnel. Pour les professionnels des ressources humaines soucieux de maintenir en poste les travailleurs de talent et d’accroître leur engagement, il peut être utile de s’efforcer d’assurer l’adéquation personne-poste grâce à des pratiques de gestion des talents pour réduire les intentions de départ des travailleurs et maintenir un niveau d’engagement élevé.
La féminisation des armées françaises : entre volontarisme institutionnel et résistances internes
Authors: Boutron Camille , Weber Claude
Published: March 2022

L’intégration des femmes dans les forces armées se présente comme un processus inabouti. Initié dès la Seconde guerre mondiale, il connaît une accélération avec la fin de la conscription et la professionnalisation des armées à la fin des années 1990. Ce n’est cependant qu’à partir des années 2010 que le sujet se constitue en problème public. La féminisation des armées françaises fait l’objet d’une volonté institutionnelle affichée. Elle continue néanmoins de rencontrer de nombreuses résistances au sein du monde militaire. Au-delà des logiques de reproduction de la discrimination sexiste, notre hypothèse est que la présence de femmes dans les armées, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit d’assumer des fonctions explicitement combattantes, vient bouleverser un ensemble de représentations mettant en péril le régime de masculinité hégémonique organisant les organisations militaires et légitimant le recours à la violence armée au nom du bien public.
Le sans-abrisme au féminin. Quand les haltes pour femmes interrogent les dispositifs d’urgence sociale
Authors: Braud Rosane , Loison Marie
Published: March 2022

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête de terrain ethnographique réalisée entre novembre 2018 et octobre 2019 dans des haltes pour femmes sans-abri à Paris. Il rend compte des difficultés à définir et accueillir un public que les acteur·trice·s institutionnel·le·s et associatifs n’avaient pas anticipé. Loin d’accueillir seulement des femmes isolées, très désocialisées, en refus d’hébergement ou éloignées des dispositifs d’hébergement existants, les haltes rendent visibles des femmes en situation de grande vulnérabilité, présentant des caractéristiques sociales très différentes de celles des hommes accueillis dans des structures d’urgence comparables. Ce faisant, ces haltes questionnent le principe de la simple mise à l’abri d’urgence au regard des besoins d’accompagnement spécifiques de ces femmes longtemps restées invisibles dans les représentations sociales, les politiques publiques et les travaux scientifiques.
Layers’ performance and egg hatchability as affected by the dietary inclusion of two meals of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Petkov E. , Ignatova M. , Popova T.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the inclusion of 5% partially defatted or full fat meal made of black soldier fly larvae (BSF) as replacement of the soybean meal in the diet of laying hens on their performance and hatchability of the eggs. The trial was carried out with 150 Lohmann Brown Classic layers at 54 weeks of age, mixed with 15 cocks all divided into three treatments. The treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON), and diets containing 5% partially defatted BSF meal (T1) and 5% full fat BSF meal (T2). After 3 weeks of adaptation, the birds started receiving the experimental diets for a period of 6 weeks. During the trial period, the feed consumed and the eggs for each replicate were daily controlled. These parameters were used to calculate the egg production, eggs per hen and feed efficiency (g feed/egg). The hatching traits were measured at the end of the trial in a total of 1,430 eggs, stored for 5, 10 and 15 days prior incubation, and included fertility, total hatchability, hatchability of the fertile eggs, and the percentage of the viable chickens. The dietary inclusion of partially defatted or full fat BSF meals increased the egg production (P=0.0035), improved the feed efficiency (P=0.0009) and also decreased the feed intake of the hens (P<0.0001). The intake of BSF meals affected the hatchability of the fertile eggs when stored 5 days prior incubation (P=0.016), with highest hatchability observed in T2 group. Furthermore, BSF meals in the diet had significant influence on the viability of the chickens that were hatched from eggs stored 5 (P=0.0040) and 10 days (P=0.0275). The fertility and total hatchability were not affected by the BSF meals in the diet of the hens.
Assessment of student’s academic achievements in online versus face-to-face modes of learning in higher education
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Ajmal Fouzia , Zulfiqar Zahid
Published: March 2022

During the current emergency of Pandemic disease of Covid-19, the importance of online learning strategy has much increased due to closure of schools, colleges and universities in most part of the globe. To evaluate the effectiveness of online learning, a statistical study has been conducted on the academic achievements of postgraduate students learned by online versus face-to-face learning modes. The statistical analysis of academic achievements of postgraduate students has been done by SPSS-20 statistical tool. The t-test analysis showed that the t-value was 0.549 and p-value was 0.583. The significance level for t-test analysis was 0.05. As, the p-value was more that 0.05 (p˃0.05) so, no significant relation has been found in the academic achievements of the students learned by online and face to face modes of learning. The null hypothesis (Ho) was proved true and the alternative hypothesis (H1) rejected. The reasons for no significant relation were abruptly shifting of learning modes from face-to-face to online, slow working of LMS accounts due to over burden, login and voice problems during the online classes. Overall, the students performed better in the online modes of learning. Some students performed good in face-to-face learning and performed poor in online modes of learning. So, to generalize, it is necessary to do more research on online modes of learning under regional context.
The Role of Social Engagement in Older Adults' Health
Authors: Steppe Johnathan , Ramos Mary Dioise , Falvai Ryan
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the current study was to explore the association between social engagement and the health status, cognition, and perceived well-being of older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Descriptive statistics, clustering, and regression modeling were performed to analyze the data. We used the regression model to identify statistically significant relationships between the representative variables and the extent to which participants participated in social activities. The most representative variable for each of the three clusters was selected and fitted to the regression model, which consists of (1) acute health problems and events, (2) cognitive and communication barriers, and (3) chronic conditions contributing to long-term health status. A regression model found that two factors—cognitive and communication barriers and chronic conditions contributing to long-term health status—were statistically significant in determining social engagement in older adults. Health care providers should consider various factors in planning and implementing social programs that can positively engage older adults. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 15(3), 152–160.]
Modeling and simulation of a network of neurons regarding Glucose Transporter Deficiency induced epileptic seizures
Authors: Leslie Ariel , Su Jianzhong
Published: March 2022

Epilepsy is a complex phenomena of a system of highly intensive and synchronized neurons simultaneously firing which can be traced to spatial and temporal patterns. Seizures are a well known physical feature for all types of epileptic disorders. The rhythms, patterns, and oscillatory dynamics explain the mechanistic nature of neurons especially in absence seizures. Previous models such as Wilson-Cowan (1973), introduced brain models showing the dynamics of a network of neurons consisting of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Taylor et al. (2014) then adapted the Wilson-Cowan model to epileptic seizures using a thalamo-cortical based theory. Fan et al. (2018) projects that thalamic reticulus nuclei control spike wave discharges specifically in absence seizures. We identify brain activity patterns specific to Glucose (G1D) Transport Deficiency Epilepsy in a network model based on electroencephalogram device (EEG) data. Additionally, we study the EEG patterns to identify the plausible mechanism that causes G1D epileptic behavior. Our coupled thalamo-cortical model goes beyond a connection in a logical unidirectional pattern shown by Fan or in a bidirectional small world pattern. Our model is a network based on paired correlation of EEG signals more analogous to realistic seizure activity. Using our model, we are able to study stability analysis for equilibrium and periodic behavior. We also identify parameter values which cause synchronized activity or more stable activity. Lastly, we identify a synchronization index and sensitivity analysis regarding parameters that directly affect Spike Wave Discharges and other spiking behavior. We will show how our 32-unit data-driven network model reflects G1D seizure dynamics and discuss the limitations of the model.
Application of ADMM to robust model predictive control problems for the turbofan aero-engine with external disturbances
Authors: Wang Min , Teng Jiao , Wang Lei , Wu Junmei
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate a class of optimal control problems for turbofan aero-engines considering external disturbances. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is embedded in the framework of robust model predictive control (RMPC), which is not only able to reach a predetermined value of the engine fan speed, but is also developed to maintain the robustness of the engine control system. First, to consider the optimal control strategy for the worst-case scenario, this optimal control problem is formulated as a minimum-maximum convex optimization problem with constraints. Second, through a transformation technique, the problem can be equivalently described by a variational inequality, which is then transformed into a quadratic programming (QP) problem using a proximal point algorithm (PPA). Finally, the ADMM algorithm is used to solve a series of optimization subproblems based on the structural characteristics of the model. Computational examples illustrate the solution efficiency and robustness of the improved algorithm (RMPC-ADMM).
Some operator mean inequalities for sector matrices
Authors: Yang Chaojun
Published: March 2022

In this article, we obtain some operator mean inequalities of sectorial matrices involving operator monotone functions. Among other results, it is shown that if $ A, B\in\mathbb{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) $ are such that $ W(A), W(B)\subseteq S_{\alpha} $, $ f, g, h\in\mathfrak{m} $ are such that $ g^{\prime}(1) = h^{\prime}(1) = t $ for some $ t\in(0, 1) $ and $ 0 < mI_n\le \Re A, \Re B\le MI_n $, then

   \begin{document}$ \begin{eqnarray*} \Re(\Phi(f(A))\sigma_h\Phi(f(B)))\le\sec^4(\alpha)K\Re \Phi(f(A\sigma_gB)), \end{eqnarray*} $\end{document}

where $ M, m $ are scalars and $ \mathfrak{m} $ is the collection of all operator monotone function $ \varphi:(0, \infty)\rightarrow (0, \infty) $ satisfying $ \varphi(1) = 1 $. Moreover, we refine a norm inequality of sectorial matrices involving positive linear maps, which is a result of Bedrani, Kittaneh and Sababheh.
The exact solutions of conformable time-fractional modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation by Direct algebraic method and Sine-Gordon expansion method
Authors: Aderyani Safoura Rezaei , Saadati Reza , Vahidi Javad , Mlaiki Nabil , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: March 2022

In this article, we used direct algebraic method (DAM) and sine-Gordon expansion method (SGEM), to find the analytical solutions of conformable time-fractional modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CTFMNLSE) and finally, we present numerical results in tables and charts.
An enhanced adaptive comprehensive learning hybrid algorithm of Rao-1 and JAYA algorithm for parameter extraction of photovoltaic models
Authors: Zhang Yujun , Wang Yufei , Li Shuijia , Yao Fengjuan , Tao Liuwei , Yan Yuxin , Zhao Juan , Gao Zhengming
Published: March 2022

In order to maximize the acquisition of photovoltaic energy when applying photovoltaic systems, the efficiency of photovoltaic system depends on the accuracy of unknown parameters in photovoltaic models. Therefore, it becomes a challenge to extract the unknown parameters in the photovoltaic model. It is well known that the equations of photovoltaic models are nonlinear, and it is very difficult for traditional methods to accurately extract its unknown parameters such as analytical extraction method and key points method. Therefore, with the aim of extracting the parameters of the photovoltaic model more efficiently and accurately, an enhanced hybrid JAYA and Rao-1 algorithm, called EHRJAYA, is proposed in this paper. The evolution strategies of the two algorithms are initially mixed to improve the population diversity and an improved comprehensive learning strategy is proposed. Individuals with different fitness are given different selection probabilities, which are used to select different update formulas to avoid insufficient using of information from the best individual and overusing of information from the worst individual. Therefore, the information of different types of individuals is utilized to the greatest extent. In the improved update strategy, there are two different adaptive coefficient strategies to change the priority of information. Finally, the combination of the linear population reduction strategy and the dynamic lens opposition-based learning strategy, the convergence speed of the algorithm and ability to escape from local optimum can be improved. The results of various experiments prove that the proposed EHRJAYA has superior performance and rank in the leading position among the famous algorithms.
Solvent-free synthesis of oleic acid-based wax esters using recyclable acidic deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Li Z. , Liu W. , Yang G.
Published: March 2022

Wax esters have been widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Oleic acid wax esters can be used to replace spermaceti oil or jojoba oil. In this work, the acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid (1:4, mol/mol) was used as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of oleic acid-based liquid wax esters through an esterification reaction. The esterification conversion of cetyl alcohol reached 99.1% under the following optimal reaction conditions: 5% DES as catalyst, molar ratio of fatty acid to alcohol of 1.3:1 and reaction temperature of 70 oC for 3h. The catalyst recovery experiments showed that this low-price acidic DES catalyst could be reused five times with uniform activity. Moreover, DES-catalyzed solvent-free esterification could be applied in the preparation of other oleic acid-based wax esters and excellent conversions (> 96%) could be obtained under such mild conditions.
Des nouveautés très anciennes
Authors: Bonnet Stéphane
Published: March 2022

Que Montesquieu ait le genre d’esprit de Montaigne, comme on a pu le dire à propos de l’auteur de L’esprit des lois, signifie en premier lieu que l’histoire de tous les hommes qui ont vécu s’offre d’abord pour lui comme une sorte de présent universel. L’écoulement temporel n’implique pas que l’histoire du monde soit partagée en époques ; les faits historiques se disposent dans un milieu temporel homogène. Ainsi Montesquieu rompt-il avec la conception chrétienne de l’histoire qui suppose, elle, des époques distinctes et donc une altération radicale de notre rapport au temps historique à partir de la venue du Christ. Mais Montesquieu pense évidemment le rapport de l’avant et de l’après, la différence de l’Ancien et du Moderne.L’enjeu est alors de prendre en compte ce rapport sans faire intervenir un partage de l’histoire universelle en époques. Montesquieu est un jurisconsulte et un historien du droit ; c’est dans la connaissance du droit romain, du droit français et de leur filiation qu’il trouve les concepts qui président à l’interprétation de l’histoire. Il y découvre en particulier un modèle de production du droit qui est celui de l’équité romaine et du droit prétorien, ainsi qu’une certaine idée de la nouveauté qui se manifeste comme retour d’un passé occulté - et non sous la forme d’un commencement absolu.Sous cette double hypothèse, les concepts de la philosophie politique et les faits de l’histoire universelle s’ordonnent dans L’esprit des lois en vue de la constitution d’une summa ratio qui n’est pas celle d’un législateur, mais plutôt celle de l’esprit législateur à l’œuvre dans l’histoire.
De la certitude volontaire
Authors: Grellard Christophe
Published: March 2022

Peut-on décider de croire à la vérité d’une proposition, sans motifs, ou du moins sans motifs rationnels apparents ? Un tel acte d’adhésion peut-il procéder de la seule volonté, à l’exclusion de toute autre forme de détermination ? Ces questions sont récurrentes dans l’histoire de la philosophie. Elles ne sont pas étrangères, loin s’en faut, à la philosophie médiévale : les philosophes et théologiens d’alors, dans l’horizon de la réflexion sur le statut de la foi chrétienne, ont été amenés à examiner les modalités psychologiques de l’adhésion au dogme défendu par l’Église. Parmi ces théologiens, il en est un que l’historiographie a fréquemment présenté comme un partisan radical du volontarisme : Guillaume d’Ockham (1285-1347). Ce dernier étant, de surcroît, nominaliste, il était tentant de lier volontarisme et nominalisme, et de rapprocher le nominalisme des crises intellectuelles du Moyen Âge tardif.

L’ambition de la présente étude est de reprendre à nouveaux frais cette question, en se focalisant d’abord sur un argument de Guillaume d’Ockham en faveur d’un fondement volontaire de la foi, et sa critique par le dominicain Robert Holcot († 1349). L’enjeu du débat semble davantage concerner la portée de la naturalisation des états mentaux défendue par la plupart des nominalistes. Face à cette alternative, les théologiens nominalistes postérieurs, de Pierre d’Ailly (1351-1420) à Jean Mair (1467-1550), vont chercher une voie moyenne entre volontarisme et naturalisme, et revenir à des positions plus classiques, refermant en quelque sorte cette parenthèse naturaliste. Pourtant, ce dont témoignent de façon symptomatique ces débats, c’est du renforcement de l’approche purement interne de la foi, de l’importance accordée à la conviction intime, à l’intention pure. À ce titre, ils accompagnent indubitablement les mutations de la religion chrétienne à la fin du Moyen Âge.
Fatty and the broadway stars de Roscoe Arbuckle
Authors: Vernet Marc
Published: March 2022

Fatty and the Broadway Stars est le titre d’un film de Roscoe Arbuckle de 1915 dont les copies ont été détruites et dont il ne reste qu’une des deux bobines aujourd’hui, parfaitement méconnue. À travers l’histoire de cette « ruine », Marc Vernet propose de reconstituer un « morceau d’histoire du cinéma ». Témoignage des grandes heures du comique muet américain (l’illustre Fatty, véritable star en son temps, fut le maître de Buster Keaton), ce film est aussi un document unique sur la production cinématographique de l’époque, puisqu’il met en scène un tournage, la vie des studios et de leur personnel. Par son enquête minutieuse, et grâce à la reproduction des images retrouvées du film et de divers documents d’archives, cet essai nous convie dans les coulisses d’une œuvre, d’une histoire et d’une industrie.
COLORECTAL POLYP DETECTION USING IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND SCALED YOLOv4 ALGORITHM
Authors: Nisha J. S. , Gopi Varun P. , Palanisamy P.
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the common cancer-related cause of death globally. It is now the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. As the number of instances of colorectal polyps rises, it is more important than ever to identify and diagnose them early. Object detection models have recently become popular for extracting highly representative features. Colonoscopy is shown to be a useful diagnostic procedure for examining anomalies in the digestive system’s bottom half. This research presents a novel image-enhancing approach followed by a Scaled YOLOv4 Network for the early diagnosis of polyps, lowering the high risk of CRC therapy. The proposed network is trained using the CVC ClinicDB and the CVC ColonDB and the Etis Larib database are used for testing. On the CVC ColonDB database, the performance metrics are precision (95.13%), recall (74.92%), F1-score (83.19%), and F2-score (89.89%). On the ETIS Larib database, the performance metrics are precision (94.30%), recall (77.30%), F1-score (84.90%), and F2-score (80.20%). On both the databases, the suggested methodology outperforms the present one in terms of F1-score, F2-score, and precision compared to the futuristic method. The proposed Yolo object identification model provides an accurate polyp detection strategy in a real-time application.
Homogenization Process for Aluminum As-Cast from Waste of Beverage Cans
Authors: Zulaida Yeni Muriani , Prasetya Prindo Kepta , Partuti Tri , Pramono Agus
Published: March 2022

Development an ingot originated from the waste of aluminum product had many the advantages and could reduce the cost of aluminum metal production compared to primary process from ore. In this research used the waste of beverage aluminum cans One of the manufacturing methods conducted recycling aluminum waste is the casting process, Commonly, the problem with this casting process was that they are not homogeneous in the as-cast due to segregation. So that in this study a homogenization process on recycling aluminum castings would be carried out to obtain more homogeneous mechanical properties and microstructure. The variables that influence during the homogenization process was heating temperature and holding time. The heating temperature for this was in range from 450 C to 550 C, and the holding time was 2 to 4 hours. Further the effect of the parameter would observe. The observation included mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and hardness, and Microstructure of the ingot. The operation temperature and holding time influenced to grain size and hardness of Aluminum. In general, increasing homogenization temperature would reduce mechanical properties.
Mechanical and Tribology Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-TiN/Si3N4 Composite Coatings
Authors: Budi Esmar , Kusumawati Leli , Indrasari Widyaningrum , Sugihartono Iwan , Prayitno Teguh Budi , Nasbey Hadi , Fahdiran Riser
Published: March 2022

Ni-TiN/Si3N4 composite coatings on tungsten carbide were prepared by electrodeposition. The influences of electrodeposition temperature at 35 – 45 °C on coating microstructure and its impact to the mechanical and tribology properties were investigated to optimize the process parameter. A compact morphology of coatings gradually increased with increasing electrodeposition temperature that was addressed to the finer Ni crystallite size which resulted from co-deposition of TiN and Si3N4 particles. The finer crystallite size caused the increase of coating hardness with the highest (8.86 GPa) was achieved for the sample deposited at 45 °C. However, from the result of wear rate test, it was shown that the lowest wear rate (28.5 μm) was observed on the sample deposited at 40 °C.
Synthesis of ZnO/Ag/ SiO2 Nanocomposite Using Flame Pyrolysis Method and its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Winardi Sugeng , Riwayati Indah , Shimada Manabu , Madhania Suci , Machmudah Siti , Kusdianto K.
Published: March 2022

ZnO nanoparticles are semiconductor materials that can act as a photocatalyst to successfully decompose synthetic dye waste. Unfortunately, electron-hole recombination reduces deterioration efficiency. Adding noble metals, such as Ag nanoparticles, to ZnO can boost its photocatalytic activity. The inclusion of SiO2 prevents ZnO from clumping together, resulting in a wider contact area with synthetic dye waste and a better degrading efficiency value. The effects of SiO2 content in ZnO/Ag/SiO2 nanocomposites, ranging from 0 to 5 %wt, on photocatalytic activity have been investigated in this study. The nanocomposites were made in a single step utilizing flame pyrolysis using zinc acetate, AgNO3 and water glass (Na2SiO3) as the precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanocomposites, which were collected using an electrostatic precipitator. The XRD results confirmed the presence of Ag nanoparticle in the produced nanocomposites, with the crystallite size being unaffected by the presence of Ag nanoparticles. EDX mapping and EDX spectroscopy determined the presence of SiO2 in the composite. The maximum photocatalytic performance was achieved when SiO2 was added to ZnO at a concentration of 0.5% wt, with an efficiency of MB degradation under UV irradiation reached up to 48.15 %. The photocatalyst is reasonably stable until the fourth recycles, at which point the degrading efficiency decreases by an average of 3-6%.
Fucoxanthin Extraction by Ultrasonic-Assisted from Brown Seaweed (Padina Sp) Origin Pulau Merak Banten
Authors: Sari Denni Kartika , Dhena Ria Barleany , Kustiningsih Indar , Diansih Diansih , Aprillia Eka
Published: March 2022

Seaweed is an underutilized resource with great potential in the food industry. Such as cosmetics, agrochemicals, biomass ingredients, bioenergy modifies. Indonesia is a country where two-thirds of its territory is marine. Fucoxanthin is a group of carotenoids found in abundance in marine macroalgae and has various health benefits. Traditional extraction (CE) of such potential biomolecules entails multiple steps that are both laborious and time-consuming. This study used ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract high percentages of Fucoxanthin and phenolic compounds from the macroalga Padina sp. This research aims are to identification fucoxanthin compound in Padina Sp, determine the total phenolic content and composition of the pigment of Padina sp. This study also evaluates the effect of the extraction method concerning the time of exposure and solvent concentration on total phenolic content. Extract Padina Sp was further purified and characterized using FTIR. The pigment identification process is carried out by the thin layer chromatography method (TLC) and weigh mol using LC-MS. The results of the analyses present the highest content of TPC in Padina (755.633 mg GAE/mg) on 70 0C at 80% solvent concentration. Based on RSM methodology at 70 0C and 90 % solvent concentration. The active fraction of Fucoxanthin was identified at a Rf 0.96. The results of the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) showed the effect of concentration and temperature on the extraction of Fucoxanthin. The molecular weight of Fucoxanthin was found to be 659.43 m/z
Effect of Intermittent Agitating during Hydrothermal Synthesis on Mordenite Properties and Ammonium Adsorption
Authors: Kurniawan Teguh
Published: March 2022

Mordenite is well-known as a commercial catalyst in oil refineries. Conventionally, mordenite is produced through hydrothermal method under static condition for long period of time. In this investigation, the effect of intermittent agitating of the solution during the hydrothermal process on the mordenite properties and ammonium sorption was studied. The synthesized mordenite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRD pattern of the intermittent agitated sample showed broader peaks with similar intensity peaks as compared to the non-intermittent agitated sample. According to the SEM images, the average particle size of the intermittent agitated sample was 1.8 μm, while the non-intermittent agitated sample was larger with 13 μm. Both of samples show similar morphology as ellipsoid like. The sample of mordenite from the intermittent agitated sample showed a lower bulk density and high particle dispersion in water. The ammonium adsorption on the mordenite samples were tested by using various volume of ammonium solution. The ammonium adsorption capacity of the intermittent agitated sample slightly higher than the non-intermittent agitated mordenite. This simple intermittent agitated action which favored smaller particle size of mordenite could be beneficially applied for other applications dealing with bulky molecules due to the lower mass transfer limitation.
Precise identification of the segmental anatomy of lung improves the outcome of thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Hettiarachchi M. , Perera R. , Herath A. , Galketiya K. B.
Published: March 2022

No abstract available
Postpartum urinary incontinence among women attending four postnatal clinics
Authors: Himanshika H. , Samarasinghe D. , Perera R. , Liyanage N. , Munasinghe M. P. , Prematilleke I. , Goonewardena S. , Abeygunasekara A.
Published: March 2022

IntroductionUrinary incontinence is a distressing problem after childbirth, but its incidence and risk factors among Sri Lankan women has not been reported.Materials and MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 234 women attending postpartum clinics at two tertiary care units and two Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in the Colombo district using a validated interviewer administered ICIQ-FLUTS long format questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS software package version 26.0. Significance was taken as p<0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence (PPUI) was 5.6% (13 / 234). Nine of them (69.2%) had mixed incontinence while urge incontinence was seen in three (23.1%) and stress incontinence in one (7.7 %). Patients with chronic respiratory symptoms showed a higher prevalence PPUI (p=0.028). However, birth weight of the baby, mode of delivery, episiotomy, maternal age, parity, and obesity did not show an association with higher prevalence of PPUI (p>0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of PPUI was 5.6%. (95% CI 3.0% - 9.3%). It was more common in mothers who had chronic respiratory diseases. The mode of delivery had no influence on PPUI in our study.
Thromboembolic events from the intraoperative use of topical gelatin and albumin-glutaraldehyde haemostatic agents
Authors: Kerr L. , White R. , Thiruvenkatarajan V.
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAn under-recognised complication of gelatin-based [GBA] and albumin-glutaraldehyde-based haemostat agents [AGA] is their potential to embolise. This review aims to collate and analyse cases reported in the literature of perioperative thromboembolic phenomena secondary to locally applied GBA and AGA agents. Methods An electronic search was performed on databases Embase, Ovid Medline, Proquest, Scopus and Pubmed. 8875 articles were reviewed from title and abstract. After exclusion criteria and duplicates were removed, 13 articles with 18 cases were included for analysis. Data extracted from each of the articles included patient demographics, surgery type, the haemostatic agent used, clinical features, radiology and pathological findings, and associated morbidity and mortality. ResultsThromboembolic events reported included fourteen secondaries to GBA and four from AGA. Cases included twelve pulmonary emboli, three peripheral emboli, two cerebral emboli and one coronary embolus. Embolic phenomena were most common following spinal orthopaedic surgery in GBA patients [43%], and Type A Aortic dissection repair in AGA patients [100%]. The application of 10ml or more of GBA was frequently reported in cases [64%]. Six cases were fatal. The time course of each event ranged from occurring intraoperatively to 45 days post-operation. ConclusionGBA and AGA agents are associated with venous and arterial embolisation and high overall mortality. GBA application over an unclear bleeding site poses a risk of arterial embolisation. Surgical fields should be dried before the application of AGA. Quantities of GBA > 10mL were frequently reported. GBA and AGA embolisation can occur anywhere from immediate to 45 days postoperatively.
Blood use in elective surgical procedures in a “type A” base hospital
Authors: Fernando W. W. P. , Adikarama B. M. G. M. , Navod W. D. S.
Published: March 2022

IntroductionBlood orders for surgical patients make up a considerable portion of total blood requests but the majority doesn’t lead to a transfusion. Routine crossmatching and reserving blood for all surgeries can be reduced by establishing a Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule  [MSBOS]. We have analyzed blood utilization in Base Hospital Puttalam and formulated an MSBOS with this study. Material and methodsA total of 2145 surgeries from surgical and gynaecology & obstetric units in the year 2019 was analyzed. Patients who underwent massive transfusions and patients having a pre-operative haemoglobin concentration less than 8.3g/dl or obtained a pre-operative transfusion were excluded considering transfusions to correct preoperative anaemia. The crossmatch to transfusion ratio [C: T], transfusion probability [T%] and transfusion index [TI] was calculated for each surgical procedure. The procedures having a C: T of >3:1 was recommended for group and screen [G&S].  ResultsOf a total of 2145 patients, 90% were females. A total of 1565 units were requested and 1521 units were crossmatched for 2034 patients while only 193 were transfused. Overall indices for the study population are CT ratio of 7.8:1, %T of 10.4% and TI of 0.15. Indices for surgical unit patients are CT ratio of 5:1, %T of 15.2% and TI of 0.29. By using the MSBOS total of 1403 cross matches could have been avoided. ConclusionsBy implementing the MSBOS 92% of cross matches for elective surgeries could have been avoided. The results are on par with the previous studies done at tertiary health care centres.
Unraveling the Arthus Mystery: Fc Receptors and the Holy Grail of Inflammation
Authors: Nimmerjahn Falk , Cooper Max D
Published: March 2022

This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Fc receptors initiate the Arthus reaction: redefining the inflammatory cascade,” a pivotal article written by D. L. Sylvestre and J. V. Ravetch, and published in Science, in 1994. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.8066448.
Factors associated with Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer among Egyptian Women
Authors: Ismail Horeya M. , Mokhtar Samiha , El-Mansy Hazem
Published: March 2022

Background

Detecting Breast Cancer (BC) at earlier stages comes with a better prognosis, while diagnosis at late stages has poor outcomes and escalating mortality rates from the disease. The study aims to understand the factors associated with the late-stage diagnosis of BC in Egypt.

Design and Methods

A sample of 400 women with a pathologically confirmed BC were enrolled from one of the main tertiary cancer hospitals in Egypt. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. The collected data included: clinical characteristics of the tumor, socio-demographic characteristics of the studied women, reproductive and medical history, screening practices, and the time from symptom onset to definite diagnosis as suspected predictors to the stage of BC at diagnosis. Data was analyzed by crude odds ratios (95% confidence interval) and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The study revealed that 47.5% were diagnosed at late stages (40% at stage III/ 7.5% at stage IV), while (52.5%) were diagnosed at early stages (6.5% at stage I/46% at stage II). A binary logistic regression model showed that unmarried females (p=0.012), had non-luminal molecular subtype of BC including HER2 enriched and triple-negative tumors (p<0.001), presentation with breast changes and a non-palpable lump (p=0.024) or non-breast symptoms (P=0.002), a delay longer than 3 months to the first presentation by patients (p<0.001), and a delay to definite diagnosis longer than 1 month by providers (p<0.001) were significant risk factors of late-stage diagnosis of BC.

Conclusions

Late-stage diagnosis of BC in Egypt is associated with the aggressiveness of some molecular subtypes and other important modifiable factors that should be addressed.
Study on the Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors Attending a Tertiary Care Cancer Center in Malaysia
Authors: Marzo Roy Rillera , Bhattacharya Sudip , Aye Soe Soe , Tripathi Shailesh , Naing Thein Win , Soe Maung Maung , Kyaw Ye Wint , Packiam Cyril Deeben A.L. Richard , Ping Donnington Chai Ping , Zolpakar Puteri Maisarah Binti , Selvakumar Vethashini A.P. , Ali Saidatur Raihan Binti Abdul , Hasrudin Auni Fajriyah Binti , Sutikno Joshua
Published: March 2022

Background

Cancer is a major public health problem across the globe. According to the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report (MNCR), between 2007 and 2011, there has been a greater increase in the number of reported cancer cases among females (99.3 per 100,000 people) than males (86.9 cases per 100,000 people). Nearly 15 million new cancer cases were projected by 2020. We conducted this study to assess the quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients.

Design and Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the oncology department of Malaysian hospitals from October to November 2019. The study population comprised Malaysians in the age range of18 to 100 years diagnosed with cancer, irrespective of their treatment status, cancer type and prognosis. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used in seventy cancer patients' using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey after obtaining permission from the hospital administrators. Data were entered in MS Excel and analysis was done using the SPSS-version 23. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Results are presented using graphs, tables, mean, percentages, standard deviation, frequency, and significance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to find out the association between socio-demographic variables and overall QoL scores of the patients.

Results

Of the seventycancer patients, 29 (41.43%) were males and 41 (58.57%) were females. The most affected socio-demographic factors were marital status and occupation (employment). It was found that there were 55 (78.57%) married patients and 49 (70%) employed patients. QoL of most of the patients was influenced by the education level and treatment. It was found that 35 (50%) of them had low QoL scores. It was observed that QoL among the study participants was significantly (p<0.05) associated with their level of education and the level of treatment.

Conclusions

There is a need to develop measures for community education, involvement of family physicians for the treatment of cancer and to increase awareness to improve the QoL among cancer patients. The focus should be on the development of strategies empowering patients to seek treatment and gain control over their illness with the collaboration with primary care physicians.
La sperimentazione di nuovi psicofarmaci sull'uomo: una ricerca in materia di consenso
Authors: Rodriguez Daniele , Meloni Lorenzo , Lavagnolo Cinzia
Published: March 2022

Il problema del consenso è una delle principali problematiche etiche in tema di sperimentazione sull'uomo. Ed ancor più particolare è la questione riguardante il consenso in caso di sperimentazione di psicofarmaci in ambito psichiatrico. Con riferimento a quest'ultimo argomento, nel nostro lavoro abbiamo riportato e discusso i dati desunti dall'analisi di articoli a carattere sperimentale pubblicati in alcune riviste italiane di impostazione psichiatrica, confrontando alla fine i risultati con quelli già ottenuti con una nostra precedente ricerca svolta con riferimento alla sperimentazione nell'ambito della medicina generale.
Strategie per la ricerca clinica su AIDS e infezione da HIV
Authors: Cattorini Paolo , Mordacci Roberto
Published: March 2022

La ricerca clinica di nuove terapie per l'AIDS ha sollevato particolari problemi di natura etica, soprattutto negli Stati Uniti: l'esigenza di rendere disponibili in tempi rapidi terapie in grado almeno di estendere le prospettive di vita del paziente ha messo in discussione i criteri scientifici ed etici della vigente regolamentazione della sperimentazione dei farmaci. Un gruppo interdisciplinare di lavoro ha quindi cercato di indicare in una serie di raccomandazioni le basi per un nuovo consenso in questa complessa materia, pervenendo ad un documento di cui si pubblica la traduzione, qui introdotta e commentata per il lettore italiano.
Disponibilità e disposizione. Riflessioni etiche sulla partecipazione di volontari sani alla ricerca biomedica
Authors: Mordacci Roberto
Published: March 2022

La relazione fra il ricercatore e il volontario sano nella ricerca biomedica presenta caratteristiche diverse dalla relazione medico-paziente. Il profilo etico della partecipazione di tali soggetti alla sperimentazione rivela i connotati di un'esperienza in bilico fra disponibilità personale e disposizione materiale della corporeità. Vengono poi affrontati due problemi simmetrici connessi a tale prassi: se si possa parlare di obbligo morale alla disponibilità e se si possano porre limiti soggettivi e oggettivi a quest'ultima.
Biologia e morale nella nostra reattività
Authors: D'Onofrio Felice
Published: March 2022

La reattività presente in tutte le varie specie animali, nell'uomo assurge a sistema dominante, caratterizzando il soggetto in tutti i suoi rapporti con gli altri. Nell'ambito comportamentale devono essere sempre tenuti presenti le influenze degli ormoni e la loro interferenza sulla componente psico-intellettiva dell'individuo. Analoga importanza ha però la componente morale che è anche nettamente influenzata dai sistemi educativi, culturali ed ambientali nonché dal progresso tecnico e dai mezzi di comunicazione sociale dei nostri tempi. Nell'ambito dello stesso individuo sono in funzione meccanismi di equilibrio; quando tale equilibrio non è raggiunto ne deriva una patologia che si può esprimere in nevrosi o altre manifestazioni psico-emotive. Nella ricerca continua dell'equilibrio, vanno sottolineati i valori della trascendenza che indubbiamente rappresentano gli agganci più validi per il riequilibrio reattivo dell'uomo.