bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive Model to Promote Independence Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Implementation of a Shopping Task in the Community
Authors: Lamash Liron , Josman Naomi
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

A metacognitive model was developed based on functional cognition and the existing literature, with the aim of promoting independence in everyday functioning among individuals with ASD. This study examines an application of the proposed model among adolescents with ASD, in the context of conducting a shopping errand in the community. Results show evidence of significantly greater improvement for the group receiving the functional cognitive intervention in comparison to the control group.

Primary Author and Speaker: Liron Lamash

Additional Authors and Speakers: Naomi Josman
Interprofessional Graduate Education in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Three-Year Perspective
Authors: Beverly Brenda , Wooster Donna
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

Graduate students from diverse disciplines participated in an online course to prepare professionals to serve individuals with ASD. Three years of data revealed measurable gains in interprofessional competencies, including values and ethics, roles and responsibilities, communication, and teamwork. ASD knowledge achievements were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. The presenters are committed to overcoming interprofessional education barriers and to advancing interprofessional, team-based best practice.

Primary Author and Speaker: Donna Wooster

Contributing Authors: Brenda Beverly
Emotional Intelligence, Attachment Style, Resilience, and Subjective Time Perspective as Predictors of Doctoral Academic Outcomes
Authors: Precin Pat
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

Emotional intelligence, attachment style, and resilience worked together to predict time perception, which predicts academic achievement in doctoral students. OT academicians can use these results to enhance admission criteria and help at-risk students in online distance doctoral programs.

Primary Author and Speaker: Pat Precin
A Study to Enhance Occupation-Centered Practice
Authors: Stav Wendy , Albright Rachel , Bontrager Kelsey , Hollenkamp Mary , Janson Emily , Marano Carli , Mendoza Rebecca , Raskin Michelle , Solloway Jennifer , Torre Gabrielle
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

This single-group pre/double posttest study sought to enhance the use of occupation-centered practice by providing occupation-based kits and professional development. Five OTs were assessed using the Occupation-Centered Intervention Assessment during three phases of the study. A comparison revealed therapists became significantly less occupation-centered as the study progressed. A predominant factor was increasing acuity among the clients, which interfered with participation in therapy sessions.

Primary Author and Speaker: Wendy Stav

Contributing Authors: Rachel Albright, Kelsey Bontrager, Mary Hollenkamp, Emily Janson, Carli Marano, Rebecca Mendoza, Michelle Raskin, Jennifer Solloway, Gabrielle Torre
Strategy Training for Adults With Chronic Stroke and Brain Injury in Taiwan: Perspectives of Clients and Therapists
Authors: Chang Feng-Hang , Wu Chao-Yi , Lin Wan-Chi , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Yeh Pei-Chun , Lin Yen-Nung , Skidmore Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

We explored the experiences of clients and their therapists using strategy training in outpatient settings in Taiwan with qualitative data to understand the benefits and challenges that they perceived during the intervention. Findings of this study support the use of strategy training in individuals with chronic stroke and brain injury and indicate potential challenges that OTs may encounter as delivering strategy training to clients in outpatient settings in Taiwan.

Primary Author and Speaker: Feng-Hang Chang

Additional Authors and Speakers: Chao-Yi Wu, Elizabeth Skidmore

Contributing Authors: Wan-Chi Lin, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Pei-Chun Yeh, Yen-Nung Lin
Community-Based Interventions Targeting Obesity for People With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gray Megan , Bach Kathryn , Ougayour Yasmeena , Ausderau Karla
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have a high risk of obesity. The effectiveness of community-based interventions at improving obesity-related outcomes was assessed. Results showed low to moderate evidence for nutritional, physical activity, and health knowledge and self-efficacy outcomes and low evidence for physical fitness. OTs are well-suited to align community-based interventions with meaningful outcomes to improve the health and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities.

Primary Author and Speaker: Megan Gray

Additional Authors and Speakers: Kathryn Bach, Yasmeena Ougayour, Karla Ausderau
Short, Spontaneous and Superficial: An Exploration of Social Participation Among Older Adults in an Assisted-Living Facility (ALF)
Authors: Fidanza Nicole , Bondoc Salvador , Kowal Julia
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

This qualitative study explored the perceptions and social participation experiences of adults residing in an ALF. Four themes emerged: impressions and social transition, social connections impacting relationships, motivation as key to socialization, and resident-perceived barriers to socialization. Findings implicate the need for change within the ALF setting to best facilitate the social participation and minimize the social isolation of its residents.

Primary Author and Speaker: Nicole Fidanza

Additional Authors and Speakers: Salvador Bondoc, Julia Kowal
The Impact of Driving Education on Preparedness for Driving Cessation
Authors: Collins Megan Edwards
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

This presentation will discuss the results of a qualitative research study investigating the benefits of the CarFit program and an educational session for the older driver, including whether they help prepare individuals for driving cessation. Findings revealed that participants gained valuable information on proper vehicle configuration and community resources. It was also discovered that driving cessation can be an emotional topic for older drivers, impacted by a variety of factors.

Primary Author and Speaker: Megan Edwards Collins
Examining Student Learning Outcomes Following Participation in an OT Teaching Clinic
Authors: Zylstra Sheryl , Tomlin George , Pitonyak Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

Student teaching clinics (STCs) are a means of providing hands-on learning opportunities to students. With increased utilization of STCs in OT, it is essential to examine student learning outcomes. In this study, the NBCOT Aspire OTR Self-Assessment was used to monitor perceived changes in student readiness for entry-level practice. Students demonstrated statistically significant changes in their perceived readiness for entry-level practice following participation in an STC.

Primary Author and Speaker: Sheryl Zylstra

Additional Authors and Speakers: George Tomlin, Jennifer Pitonyak
Barriers to Accessing Primary Healthcare for Adults With Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—Implications for OT
Authors: Wickenden Mary , Kuper Hannah , Hashemi Goli
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

Research has shown that people with disabilities experience poorer access to healthcare. This study aims to explore the perceived barriers to accessing primary healthcare services for adults with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. By identifying and targeting such barriers, OT practitioners can both contribute and lead the way to improving access to quality healthcare for not only people with disabilities, but also other vulnerable populations globally.

Primary Author and Speaker: Goli Hashemi

Contributing Authors: Mary Wickenden, Hannah Kuper
Teaching OT Students to Evaluate the Accessibility of the Physical Environment
Authors: Schwartz Jaclyn , Blumenthal Katelyn , Llano Andrea , Pujol Stephanie , Serros Emily , Mojica Rebecca , Treminio Ingris
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

People with disabilities often cannot participate in the community due to barriers in the community environment. In this research presentation, we discuss an educational intervention designed to train entry-level OT students on community-environment accessibility evaluation. We will also describe the outcomes of this educational intervention on 41 students’ knowledge and skills.

Primary Author and Speaker: Ingris Treminio

Additional Authors and Speakers: Jaclyn Schwartz, Katelyn Blumenthal, Andrea Llano, Stephanie Pujol, Emily Serros, Rebecca Mojica
School Bullying: What Is Our Role?
Authors: Njelesani Janet
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The prevention of school bullying has been identified as an emerging area of practice for OT, yet there is a dearth of research on how the field is addressing this public-health epidemic. This study emphasizes the need for training, innovative interventions, and a defined role in order for OTs and assistants to be a part of the team in schools to help address bullying and create a safer environment to enable the participation of students with disabilities.

Primary Author and Speaker: Janet Njelesani
Explorer Mini: Enhancing Development Through Early Power Mobility
Authors: Halkiotis Eleni , Plummer Teresa
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The Explorer Mini is a new power mobility device designed to enhance childhood development and provide access to early mobility for infants and young children. Children with delayed motor skills risk additional cognitive, sensory, and motor delays from limited physical ability to explore through traditional locomotion of crawling or walking. This proposal describes how infants and young children responded to the first opportunity to explore their environment with the Explorer Mini.

Primary Author and Speaker: Eleni Halkiotis

Contributing Authors: Teresa Plummer
The Effects of Pets on Chronic Pain
Authors: DuCasse April , Staples Adriana , Bird Brittany , Palm Mary , Alexander Aurelia , Kornblau Barbara
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This qualitative study explored pets in chronic-pain-patients’ lives, through an online survey of open-ended questions. Adult pet owners with chronic pain were recruited from Facebook pain groups. Qualitative data were analyzed using grounded theory until saturation was reached. Multiple researchers and data collection from multiple sources ensured triangulation, rigor, and trustworthiness of the data. Participants reported that pets helped improve their mood, activity, pain, and function.

Primary Author and Speaker: April DuCasse

Additional Authors and Speakers: Adriana Staples, Brittany Bird, Mary Palm, Aurelia Alexander, Barbara Kornblau
Visual Reaction Time in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Palmiscno Jeremy , Maruyama Trent , Fiduccia Melissa
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The study examined upper-extremity reaction times analyzed by five-year age cohorts to establish normative data for participants responding to stimuli on a touch screen and help delineate appropriate therapeutic intervention. Average reaction times ranged from 0.81 seconds to 1.09 seconds for the 200 participants. Reaction times increased with age, indicating potential correlations with functional outcomes.

Primary Author and Speaker: Jeremy Palmiscno

Additional Authors and Speakers: Trent Maruyama, Melissa Fiduccia
Establishing Parallel Forms: Reliability of Two New Tasks on the Children’s Kitchen Task Assessment (CKTA)
Authors: Rowley McKenzie , Larson Elizabeth , Newlon John , Hurwitz Daniel
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The CKTA is an established, performance-based assessment measuring children’s executive function (EF) through a functional, kid-friendly playdough task. Task novelty is essential to assess EF. New tasks are needed to assess and document change in EF following treatment. Two tasks (mug cake and chocolate popcorn) were developed and compared to the standard playdough task to determine parallel forms reliability. Scores were consistently high on the two new tasks.

Primary Author and Speaker: McKenzie Rowley

Additional Authors and Speakers: Elizabeth Larson, John Newlon, Daniel Hurwitz
School Playground Intervention for Children With Disabilities Creates Play Capabilities and Shifts Adult Perspectives
Authors: Sterman Julia , Villeneuve Michelle , Bundy Anita , Wyver Shirley
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

Five schools participated in the Sydney Playground Project to increase choice, control, and inclusion of students with disabilities on the school playground. The intervention served as a catalyst to challenge teacher perceptions of children’s disabilities and increase children’s capabilities.

Primary Author and Speaker: Julia Sterman

Additional Authors and Speakers: Michelle Villeneuve

Contributing Authors: Anita Bundy, Shirley Wyver
Exploring the Association Between Executive Function (EF) and Social Interaction in Preschool-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Kuei-Cheng Cheng-Chun , Lin Chien-Ho , Hsieh Ching-Lin , Yu Yen-Ting , Chen Kuan-Lin
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This study aimed to investigate the relations between EF and social interaction in preschool children. The results of the study show that accuracy in single and mixed blocks is significantly correlated with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in preschool children with ASD. The results indicate that children with ASD who have better accuracy, not response speed, on EF tasks have less limited interests and fewer stereotyped behaviors.

Primary Author and Speaker: Cheng-Chun Kuei-Cheng

Contributing Authors: Chien-Ho Lin, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Yen-Ting Yu, Kuan-Lin Chen
The Impact of Cognition and Communication on Participation for Individuals with Aphasia Poststroke
Authors: Girardi Madelyn , Connor Lisa Tabor , Nicholas Marjorie
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This study examines the impact of cognition and communication on participation for people with aphasia (PWA). For participation in communication and cognitive-intensive activities among PWA, a modest amount of variance is accounted for by cognition and communication ability. Cognition is a significant independent predictor of participation in communication and cognitive-intensive activities for PWA. To facilitate community re-integration for PWA, OTs must consider internal and external factors.

Primary Author and Speaker: Madelyn Girardi

Additional Authors and Speakers: Lisa Tabor Connor

Contributing Authors: Marjorie Nicholas
The Effectiveness of Electronic Pedometers for Bowel Movements After Abdominal Surgeries for Hernia Repairs and Bowel Obstructions
Authors: Richards Michele , Phillips Jonathan , Croft Chasen , Counsell Colleen
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

Incisional pain is present after abdominal surgeries. An OT used Fitbit devices as a postoperative tool to collect data on patients’ steps walked until their first bowel movement occurred. Did the Fitbit provide motivation? This pilot study may advance the practice of OT in the acute-care setting as a tool that motivates patients and which may decrease length of hospital stay and improve the patient experience.

Primary Author and Speaker: Michele Richards

Contributing Authors: Jonathan Phillips, Chasen Croft, Colleen Counsell
Combining Robot-Therapy Training With a Cognitive-Strategy-Based Home Program: Experiences of Participants Following Stroke
Authors: Costa Madison , Fasoli Susan
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

Current evidence on robot-assisted therapy for improved use of a paretic upper extremity during everyday activities is limited. This study used semistructured interviews to investigate participants’ experiences with a novel cognitive-strategy-based protocol for individuals who had a stroke in order to gain a better understanding of how motor skills trained through robot-assisted therapy transferred to paretic upper-extremity use during daily occupational tasks.

Primary Author and Speaker: Madison Costa

Additional Authors and Speakers: Susan Fasoli
How Does Performance Art Shape Occupational Identity & Promote Empowerment for Disabled Artists?
Authors: Monical Kristin , Wettergren Kate , Mahaffey Lisa
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

Performance art as an occupation for disabled artists was examined through a qualitative phenomenological design based in narrative inquiry. The research yielded three themes: (1) Belonging to a community of disability activists promotes feelings of empowerment for disabled performance artists. (2) The invisible is made visible through their craft; performance art is a means to express the inside out. (3) Space and place impact performance art. Two important subthemes will also be highlighted.

Primary Author and Speaker: Kristin Monical

Additional Authors and Speakers: Kate Wettergren

Contributing Authors: Lisa Mahaffey
Activity Participation and Health-Related Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD)
Authors: Thornton Jessica , Jiménez-Silva Rafael , Ho Pei-Shu , Joe Galen , Dunigan Tiara , Comis Leora
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This study used the Activity Card Sort (ACS) and the Medical Outcome Short Form 36 (SF-36) to evaluate activity participation and QoL in patients with cGVHD. The positive correlation between the ACS global score and the SF-36 physical component score (PCS) suggests that activity participation is related to physical QoL. OT consultation may improve the QoL of patients with cGVHD by facilitating meaningful activity engagement.

Primary Author and Speaker: Jessica Thornton

Contributing Authors: Rafael Jiménez-Silva, Pei-Shu Ho, Galen Joe, Tiara Dunigan, Leora Comis
Evidence for Stimulus Control-Based Factors of Tactile Defensiveness in an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Sample
Authors: Williams Kathryn , Sideris John , Baranek Grace
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This paper uses confirmatory factor analysis to assess the hypothesis that tactile defensiveness in children with ASD can be separated into two distinct factors based on whether stimulation is initiated by the child or by external sources. Model fit was good using standard fit measures, suggesting that the level of control over stimuli should be considered when addressing functioning in daily life.

Primary Author and Speaker: Kathryn Williams

Contributing Authors: John Sideris, Grace Baranek
The Best Possible Start: Perspectives of Parents of Children With or at High Risk for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Pruner Misty , Jirikowic Tracy , Yorkston Kathryn , Olson Heather Carmichael
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

This qualitative study explored the converging and diverging needs of biological and adoptive parents raising young children with or at risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Findings from this study advocate for early interventions that prioritize and promote social-emotional development of young children, are family-centered, and provide concrete assistance for family circumstances and parent well-being.

Primary Author and Speaker: Misty Pruner

Contributing Authors: Tracy Jirikowic, Kathryn Yorkston, Heather Carmichael Olson
Perceptions of Paraprofessionals Following Trainings in Providing Client-Centered Care
Authors: Ross Anita , Roberts Nicole , Morton Lauren
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

Individuals over the age of 21 with intellectual and developmental disabilities lack funding for skilled OT services. As a result, they are often cared for by paraprofessionals, and the individual’s participation in meaningful occupations declines. In this study, staff at an adult day center received two training sessions on providing client-centered care. Information gathered from this study supports the need for OT as a consultative resource for educating paraprofessionals.

Primary Author and Speaker: Anita Ross

Additional Authors and Speakers: Nicole Roberts, Lauren Morton
Current Practices of OT for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Dahab Sana
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The aim of this study was to explore current practices of OTs with children with autism spectrum disorder in Jordan for purposes of identifying educational needs and ultimately to improve service delivery. This was a survey-based study with a self-administered questionnaire. Results from 42 respondents were partially consistent with previous research and indicated the need for curricula modifications and continuing education to ensure best practices with children with autism.

Primary Author and Speaker: Sana Abu-Dahab
Effectiveness of a Self-Controlled Soft Robotic Glove on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Performance and Grasp and Pinch Force in Individuals With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Authors: Nuckols Kristin , Correia Carolina , Zhou Kate , Wagner Diana , Walsh Conor
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/26/20

Thirteen participants with cervical SCI used a soft robotic glove in a variety of tests compared to their baseline function. Results included a 50% improvement on the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test from baseline to glove trial and significant increases in grasp and pinch forces with the active glove. The glove was controlled by the participants with an external button pushed by the nontested hand. In the future, this device could be portable and used in the home or community.

Primary Author and Speaker: Kristin Nuckols

Contributing Authors: Carolina Correia, Kate Zhou, Diana Wagner, Conor Walsh
Examining the Concept of Self-Care in OT Literature: A Scoping Review
Authors: Laposha Isabelle , Smallfield Stacy
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/26/20

This scoping review aimed to examine how the term self-care has been used in prominent OT literature (1922 through 2018). Results demonstrate that of 1,254 included articles, 54.9% use the term self-care ambiguously. In provided examples, authors primarily apply the term to basic activities of daily living, compared to broader definitions from the wellness literature. Findings serve as a call for the profession to redefine self-care to promote population health and well-being.

Primary Author and Speaker: Isabelle Laposha

Additional Authors and Speakers: Stacy Smallfield
Reliability and Factor Structure of the Parent Effort Scale–Community Version (PES-C)
Authors: Pfeiffer Beth , Bevans Katherine , Piller Aimee
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

The purpose of this study was to examine internal consistency, factor structure, test–retest reliability, and scale distribution of the PES-C in children between the ages of two and seven. The PES-C measures a parent’s effort to support their child’s participation in daily activities in natural community environments.

Primary Author and Speaker: Beth Pfeiffer

Additional Authors and Speakers: Katherine Bevans, Aimee Piller
Psychometrics of the Infant-Toddler Activity Card Sort (ITACS): A Caregiver-Reported Measure of Children’s Occupational Engagement in Family Routines
Authors: Hoyt Catherine , Chuck Ashley , Varughese Taniya , Fisher Laura , Abel Regina , King Allison
Published: July 2020

Date Presented 03/29/20

Development in the first years of life is often characterized by a child’s aptitude for completing discrete tasks, such as walking or stacking blocks. Real-life participation requires the child to incorporate skills into everyday activities. The ITACS is a newly developed assessment that measures a child’s engagement in daily activities. This presentation will provide an overview of the ITACS and discuss its initial psychometrics.

Primary Author and Speaker: Catherine Hoyt

Contributing Authors: Ashley Chuck, Taniya Varughese, Laura Fisher, Regina Abel, Allison King
Atmospheric fate of two relevant unsaturated ketoethers: kinetics, products and mechanisms for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with (E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one and (1E)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one
Authors: Gibilisco Rodrigo Gastón , Barnes Ian , Bejan Iustinian Gabriel , Wiesen Peter
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The kinetics of the gas phase reactions of hydroxyl radicals with two
unsaturated ketoethers (UKEs) at (298±3) K and 1 atm of synthetic air
have been studied for the first time using the relative-rate technique in an
environmental reaction chamber by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The rate
coefficients obtained using propene and isobutene as reference compounds
were (in units of 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) as follows:
kTMBO (OH + (E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one) = (1.41±0.11)
and kMMPO (OH + (1E)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one) = (3.34±0.43). In addition, quantification of the main oxidation
products in the presence of NOx has been performed, and degradation
mechanisms for these reactions were developed. Methyl formate, methyl
glyoxal, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) were identified as main reaction products and
quantified for both reactions. The results of the present study provide new
insights regarding the contribution of these multifunctional volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the
generation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and long-lived nitrogen
containing compounds in the atmosphere. Atmospheric lifetimes and
implications are discussed in light of the obtained results.
Differences in tropical high clouds among reanalyses: origins and radiative impacts
Authors: Wright Jonathon S. , Sun Xiaoyi , Konopka Paul , Krüger Kirstin , Legras Bernard , Molod Andrea M. , Tegtmeier Susann , Zhang Guang J. , Zhao Xi
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We examine differences among reanalysis high-cloud products in the tropics, assess the impacts of these differences on radiation budgets at the top of the atmosphere and within the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), and discuss their possible origins in the context of the reanalysis models. We focus on the ERA5 (fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts – ECMWF – reanalysis), ERA-Interim (ECMWF Interim Reanalysis), JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis), MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2), and CFSR/CFSv2 (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis/Climate Forecast System Version 2) reanalyses. As a general rule, JRA-55 produces the smallest tropical high-cloud fractions and cloud water contents among the reanalyses, while MERRA-2 produces the largest. Accordingly, long-wave cloud radiative effects are relatively weak in JRA-55 and relatively strong in MERRA-2. Only MERRA-2 and ERA5 among the reanalyses produce tropical-mean values of outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) close to those observed, but ERA5 tends to underestimate cloud effects, while MERRA-2 tends to overestimate variability. ERA5 also produces distributions of long-wave, short-wave, and total cloud radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere that are very consistent with those observed. The other reanalyses all exhibit substantial biases in at least one of these metrics, although compensation between the long-wave and short-wave effects helps to constrain biases in the total cloud radiative effect for most reanalyses. The vertical distribution of cloud water content emerges as a key difference between ERA-Interim and other reanalyses. Whereas ERA-Interim shows a monotonic decrease of cloud water content with increasing height, the other reanalyses all produce distinct anvil layers. The latter is in better agreement with observations and yields very different profiles of radiative heating in the UTLS. For example, whereas the altitude of the level of zero net radiative heating tends to be lower in convective regions than in the rest of the tropics in ERA-Interim, the opposite is true for the other four reanalyses. Differences in cloud water content also help to explain systematic differences in radiative heating in the tropical lower stratosphere among the reanalyses. We discuss several ways in which aspects of the cloud and convection schemes impact the tropical environment. Discrepancies in the vertical profiles of temperature and specific humidity in convective regions are particularly noteworthy, as these variables are directly constrained by data assimilation, are widely used, and feed back to convective behaviour through their relationships with thermodynamic stability.
Representing methane emissions from wet tropical forest soils using microbial functional groups constrained by soil diffusivity
Authors: Sihi Debjani , Xu Xiaofeng , Salazar Ortiz Mónica , O'Connell Christine S. , Silver Whendee L. , López-Lloreda Carla , Brenner Julia M. , Quinn Ryan K. , Phillips Jana R. , Newman Brent D. , Mayes Melanie A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Tropical ecosystems contribute significantly to global emissions of methane (CH4) and landscape topography influences the rate of CH4 emissions from wet tropical forest soils. However, extreme events such as drought can alter normal topographic patterns of emissions. Here we explain the dynamics of CH4 emissions during normal and drought conditions across a catena in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Valley soils served as the major source of CH4 emissions in a normal precipitation year (2016), but drought recovery in 2015 resulted in dramatic pulses in CH4 emissions from all topographic positions. Geochemical parameters including dissolved organic carbon (C) (ridge ≫ slope ≫ valley), acetate (ridge ≥ slope > valley), and soil pH (valley ≫ slope ≫ ridge), and meteorological parameters like soil moisture (valley > slope = ridge) and oxygen (O2) concentrations (slope = ridge > valley) varied across the catena. During the drought, soil moisture decreased in the slope and ridge and O2 concentrations increased in the valley. We simulated the dynamics of CH4 emissions with the Microbial Model for Methane Dynamics-Dual Arrhenius and Michaelis Menten (M3D-DAMM) which couples a microbial functional group CH4 model with a diffusivity module for solute and gas transport within soil microsites. Contrasting patterns of soil moisture, O2, acetate, and associated changes in soil pH with topography regulated simulated CH4 emissions, but emissions were also altered by rate-limited diffusion in soil microsites. Changes in simulated available substrate for CH4 production (acetate, CO2, and H2) and oxidation (O2 and CH4) increased the predicted biomass of methanotrophs during the drought event and methanogens during drought recovery, which in turn affected net emissions of CH4. A variance-based sensitivity analysis suggested that parameters related to acetotrophic methanogenesis and methanotrophy were most critical to simulate net CH4 emissions. This study enhanced the predictive capability for CH4 emissions associated with complex topography and drought in wet tropical forest soils.
Trade-wind clouds and aerosols characterized by airborne
horizontal lidar measurements during the EUREC4A field
campaign
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien , Baron Alexandre , Flamant Cyrille , Bony Sandrine
Published: July 2020

Abstract. From 23 January to 13 February 2020, twenty ATR-42 flights were conducted over the tropical Atlantic, off the coast of Barbados (−58°30' W 13°30' N), to characterize the trade-wind clouds generated by shallow convection. These flights were conducted as part of the international EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of clouds-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign. One of the objectives of these flights was to characterize the trade-wind cumuli at their base for a range of meteorological conditions, convective mesoscale organizations and times of the day, with the help of sidewards staring remote sensing (lidar and radar). This paper presents the datasets associated with horizontal lidar measurements. The lidar sampled clouds from a lateral window of the aircraft over a range of about 8 km, with a horizontal resolution of 15 to 30 m, over a rectangle pattern of 20 km by 130 km. The measurements made it possible to characterize the size distribution of clouds near their base, and the presence of dust-like aerosols within and above the marine boundary layer. This paper presents the measurements and the different levels of data processing, ranging from raw level 1 data (https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette et al., 2020c) to level 2 and 3 processed data that include an horizontal cloud mask (https://doi.org/10.25326/58; Chazette et al., 2020b) and aerosol extinction coefficients (https://doi.org/10.25326/59; Chazette et al., 2020a). An intermediate level, companion to the level 1 data (level 1.5), is also available for calibrated and geolocalized data ( https://doi.org/10.25326/57; Chazette et al., 2020c).
Evaluation of asymmetric Oxygen Minimum Zones in the tropical
Pacific: a basin-scale OGCM-DMEC V1.0
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Xiujun , Murtugudde Raghu , Zhang Dongxiao , Zhang Rong-Hua
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The tropical Pacific Ocean holds the world’s two largest Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), showing a prominent hemispheric asymmetry, with a much stronger and broader OMZ north of the equator. However, there is a lack of quantitative assessments of physical and biological regulations on the asymmetry of tropical Pacific OMZs. Here, we apply a fully coupled basin-scale model (OGCM-DMEC V1.0) to investigate the impacts of physical supply and biological consumption on the dynamics of OMZs in the tropical Pacific. We first utilize observational data to evaluate and improve our model simulation, and find that mid-depth DO is more sensitive to the parameterization of background diffusion. Enhanced background diffusion results in higher DO concentrations at mid-depth, leading to significant improvement of our model capability to reproduce the asymmetric OMZs. Our study shows that while physical supply of DO is increased in majority of the tropical Pacific due to enhanced background diffusion, there is little increase in the largest OMZ to the north. Interestingly, enhanced background diffusion results in lower rates of biological consumption over ~ 300–1000 m in the entire basin, which is associated with redistribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Our analyses demonstrate that weaker physical supply in the ETNP is the dominant process responsible for the asymmetric DO in the core OMZs (~ 200–600 m) while higher biological consumption to the north plays a larger role in regulating DO concentration beneath the OMZs (~ 600–800 m), with implication for the asymmetric OMZs. This study highlights the roles of physical supply and biological consumption in shaping the asymmetric OMZs in the tropical Pacific, underscoring the need to understand both physical and biological processes for accurate projections of DO variability.
Risks and opportunities for a Swiss hydroelectricity company in a changing climate
Authors: Hakala Kirsti , Addor Nans , Gobbe Thibault , Ruffieux Johann , Seibert Jan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Anticipating and adapting to climate change impacts on water resources requires a detailed
understanding of future hydroclimatic changes and of stakeholders' vulnerability to these
changes. However, impact studies are often conducted at a spatial scale that is too coarse to
capture the specificity of individual catchments, and, importantly, the changes they focus on are
not necessarily the changes most critical to stakeholders. While recent studies have combined
hydrological and electricity market modeling, they tend to aggregate all climate impacts by
focusing solely on reservoir profitability. Here, we collaborated with Groupe E,
a hydroelectricity company operating several reservoirs in the Swiss pre-Alps, and we co-produced
hydroclimatic projections tailored to support the upcoming negotiations of their water concession
renewal. We started by identifying the vulnerabilities of their activities to climate change; together, we then selected streamflow and electricity demand indices to characterize the
associated risks and opportunities. We provided Groupe E with figures showing the projected
impacts, which were refined over several meetings. The selected indices enabled us to assess
a variety of impacts induced by changes in (i) the seasonal water volume distribution, (ii) low
flows, (iii) high flows, and (iv) electricity demand. This enabled us to identify key opportunities
(e.g., the future increase in reservoir inflow in winter, when electricity prices have
historically been high) and risks (e.g., the expected increase in consecutive days of low flows in
summer and fall which is likely to make it more difficult to meet residual flow requirements). We
highlight that the hydrological opportunities and risks associated with reservoir management in
a changing climate depend on a range of factors beyond those covered by traditional impact
studies. This stakeholder-centered approach, which relies on identifying stakeholder's needs and
using them to inform the production and visualization of impact projections, is transferable to
other climate impact studies, in the field of water resources and beyond.
Deep submarine landslide contribution to the 2010 Haiti earthquake tsunami
Authors: Poupardin Adrien , Calais Eric , Heinrich Philippe , Hébert Hélène , Rodriguez Mathieu , Leroy Sylvie , Aochi Hideo , Douilly Roby
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The devastating Mw 7.1 Haiti earthquake in 2010 was
accompanied by local tsunamis that caused fatalities and damage to coastal
infrastructure. Some were triggered by slope failures of river deltas in the
close vicinity of the epicenter, while others, 30 to 50 km to the north
across the Bay of Gonâve, are well explained by the reverse component of
coseismic ground motion that accompanied this mostly strike-slip event.
However, observations of run-up heights up to 2 m along the southern coast
of the island at distances up to 100 km from the epicenter, as well as tide
gauge and DART buoy records at distances up to 600 km from the epicenter,
have not yet received an explanation. Here we demonstrate that these
observations require a secondary source, most likely a submarine landslide.
We identify a landslide scar 30 km from the epicenter off the southern coast
of Haiti at a depth of 3500 m, where ground acceleration would have been
sufficient to trigger slope failure in soft sediments. This candidate
source, 2 km3 in volume, matches observations remarkably well assuming
that the sediment collapse obeys a viscous flow with an initial apparent
viscosity of 2×105 Pa s. Although that particular source
cannot be proven to have been activated in 2010, our results add to a line
of evidence that earthquake-triggered submarine landslides can cause
significant tsunamis in areas of strike-slip tectonic regime.
Snow cover duration trends observed at sites and predicted by
multiple models
Authors: Essery Richard , Kim Hyungjun , Wang Libo , Bartlett Paul , Boone Aaron , Brutel-Vuilmet Claire , Burke Eleanor , Cuntz Matthias , Decharme Bertrand , Dutra Emanuel , Fang Xing , Gusev Yeugeniy , Hagemann Stefan , Haverd Vanessa , Kontu Anna , Krinner Gerhard , Lafaysse Matthieu , Lejeune Yves , Marke Thomas , Marks Danny , Marty Christoph , Menard Cecile B. , Nasonova Olga , Nitta Tomoko , Pomeroy John , Schaedler Gerd , Semenov Vladimir , Smirnova Tatiana , Swenson Sean , Turkov Dmitry , Wever Nander , Yuan Hua
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Thirty-year simulations of seasonal snow cover in 22 physically based models driven with bias-corrected meteorological reanalyses are examined at four sites with long records of snow observations. Annual snow cover durations differ widely between models but interannual variations are strongly correlated because of the common driving data. No significant trends are observed in starting dates for seasonal snow cover, but there are significant trends towards snow cover ending earlier at two of the sites in observations and most of the models. A simplified model with just two parameters controlling solar radiation and sensible heat contributions to snowmelt spans the ranges of snow cover durations and trends. This model predicts that sites where snow persists beyond annual peaks in solar radiation and air temperature will experience rapid decreases in snow cover duration with warming as snow begins to melt earlier and at times of year with more energy available for melting.
Acute myocardial infarction in older adult patients
Authors: Schmidt Marcia Moura , Weber Cristina Klein , Gottschall Carlos Antonio Mascia , Quadros Alexandre Schaan de
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES: To assess clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics, previous medical history, and clinical course, by age group, in older adults after myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHODS: Single-center, cohort study that enrolled all patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent pPCI at a specialized cardiology reference center in the South of Brazil. Older adults were defined as age ≥ 60 years, as set out in Brazilian legislation. Patients in the following age groups were compared: 60 to 64 years, 65 to 69 years, 70 to 74 years, 75 to 79 years, and ≥ 80 years. Patients’ clinical course was assessed at initial hospital admissions and after 2 years of clinical follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19, and significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: From December 2015 to December 2018, a total of 636 patients were enrolled consecutively. Angiographic success rates were around 90% in all age groups. There were no differences in medications used, except for glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, which were more frequently used in patients of lower age groups. Older patients had more in-hospital acute renal failure and higher in-hospital mortality. Predictors of mortality were age over 75, chronic renal failure, need for ventilatory support, severe arrhythmia, and sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: pPCI in older adult patients is a safe procedure with a high success rate.
Profile of violence against older individuals registered at the Dial 100 in the period 2011-2015 in Brazil
Authors: Taveira Lúcia de Medeiros , Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha de
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of the reports of violence and abuse against older people registered in the Dial 100 helpline from 2011 to 2015. METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective study, based on a sample of 130 164 denunciation reports of the Dial 100. The data collection considered the following variables: city, sex, age, race, place of abuse, type of abuse, and the victim’s relationship with the suspect. RESULTS: The greatest number of reports was registered in the Southeast (42.27%), and the lowest in the North (6.79%). When we analyze the complaints per 100 000 inhabitants, we found as leading states in the ranking of complaints of violence against older people: Amazonas, Federal District, and Rio Grande do Norte. The main profile of possible victims was age from 76 to 80 years, predominantly women, and white. The main abusers were the victim’s children and grandchildren. The most frequent type of abuse was negligence (36.72%), followed by psychological abuse (28.46%), and financial abuse (20.45%). CONCLUSION: The Dial 100 helpline is one of the most effective tools for breaking the silence and invisibility of abuse and violence against older adults, offering a panorama of abuse denunciation in our country.
n. 31 - ESCOLARIDADE OBRIGATÓRIA E GRATUITA NO BRASIL, NO CHILE E NO URUGUAI: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS ÚLTIMOS 30 ANOS
Authors: Diniz Júnior Carlos Antonio
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os ordenamentos normativos associados à obrigatoriedade e à gratuidade da educação no Brasil, no Chile e no Uruguai. Alicerçado em referenciais teóricos que discutem a temática e tendo por base a análise documental, o artigo examina a constituição nacional, a lei geral da educação e demais ordenamentos que regulamentam a obrigatoriedade e a gratuidade. Entre seus resultados, revela que declarações e demais documentos editados por organismos internacionais contribuíram para tal normatização no âmbito de cada país. Demonstra ainda que, no caso de ditos países, a educação é considerada como elemento importante para o desenvolvimento, em conformididade com orientações de organismos internacionais. Entretanto, embora o trabalho identifique avanços no que diz respeito à regulamentação da ampliação da escolarização, tais documentos não foram suficientes para garantir a efetividade do acesso dos sujeitos em idade escolar.
Stocking density influences common carp larval development. Can restocking processes activate compensatory growth consequent to previous high stocking density?
Authors: Motta Jonas H. S. , Glória Leonardo S. , Polese Marcelo F. , De Souza André B. , Neto Manoel A. C. , Vidal Júnior Manuel V.
Published: July 2020

Aim of study: to analyse the effect of stocking density on common carp larvae production. Since stocking density is one of the most important variables in recirculating aquaculture system, it is fundamental to understand its implication on fish larval development. Area of study: BrazilMaterial and methods: In an initial trial over a 30-day period, 18,000 Cyprinus carpio larvae were subjected to eight different stocking densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 larvae/L). In a second trial over a 15-day period, the larvae subjected to the 40 larvae/L treatment were selected according to size and 360 of them were subjected to restocking processes at a density of 5 larvae/L, in order to evaluate possible compensatory growth, while those subjected to the 5 larvae/L treatment were likewise selected according to size and were distributed at the same stocking density (5 larvae/L), to be the control treatment during the restocking process.Main results: The larvae kept at the density of 5 larvae/L showed better growth and development. Increased heterogeneity of the concomitant batch was observed with higher stocking density. Restocking at low density (5 larvae/L), for larvae that had previously been kept at high density (40 larvae/L), caused partial compensatory growth, with an increase in the specific growth rate. Increasing the density caused increased productivity up to the density level of 25 larvae/L, but from then on there was no significant difference (p > 0.05).Research highlights: Carp larvae reared at high densities need to be restocked during rearing in order to avoid the “shooting” problem.
Flat Foot and Postural Harmony in 6-Year-Old Caucasians: What is Their Relationship?
Authors: Paolucci Teresa , Pezzi Letizia , Mannocci Alice , La Torre Giuseppe , Bellomo Rosa Grazia , Saggini Raoul
Published: July 2020

Objective To determine whether asymptomatic flexible flat feet show specific postural assessment with respect to neutral feet in 6-year-old children.Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, 164 subjects were observed and divided into two groups: 57 with flexible flat feet and 107 with neutral feet. A non-quantitative inspection by podoscopy and baropodometry were performed to evaluate plantar support, and a clinical examination to assess postural setting.Results The prevalence of flexible flat feet was 34.8%. The differenceinthe mean centre of pressure (CoP) between the two groups was significant (p=0.028), regarding the antero-posterior direction of CoP only. There was no significant differencein the presence of postural growth disharmony between the neutral and flat-feet groups.Conclusion The flattening of the plantar archseems to be linked to a displacement of CoP Y, more posterior in flat feet than in neutral feet; on the other hand, postural harmony in 6-year-old children during growth is not influenced by flat feet.