bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A extensão universitária na operação Rondon em Conselheiro Mairinck (PR): Oficinas de reciclagem
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli , Da Silva Priscila Frazato
Published: September 2021

No Século XXI, é fundamental que a sociedade promova um debate acerca do meio ambiente. Assim, as perspectivas acadêmicas e científicas se expandem pela extensão universitária. Nesse sentido, uma das oficinas propostas na Operação Rondon 2017, no município de Conselheiro Mairinck (PR), foi a de “Meio ambiente: Reciclagem”. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar a experiência dos acadêmicos e dos participantes na realização das oficinas de reciclagem em uma atividade de extensão no interior do Paraná. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: levantamento bibliográfico acerca do conteúdo “meio ambiente e reciclagem” em artigos científicos, elaboração e realização das oficinas de extensão e sistematização dos resultados neste artigo. Os principais resultados mostram que muitos respondentes não possuíam conhecimento sobre reciclagem e que a cidade não possui coleta seletiva, sendo possível aferir após a realização da oficina que eles adquiriram um novo conhecimento/informação.
O papel do jovem no desenvolvimento de um reassentamento na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Sloczinski Leonardo Wink , Dos Santos Mickael Bernardo , Radons Patrique Jardel , Hennemann Pedro Henrique Bender , Rotili Junior Rodrigo , Schuster Tiago Eduardo , Guerra Divanilde , Da Silva Danni Maisa , Lanzanova Luciane Sippert
Published: September 2021

Anualmente milhares de pessoas deixaram as propriedades agrícolas e se deslocaram para outros locais devido a construção de grandes infraestruturas para o desenvolvimento regional, bem como pela demarcação de Terras Indígenas. Desta forma este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o papel do jovem no desenvolvimento de um reassentamento na Região Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na realização de entrevistas, com questões abertas e fechadas, em seis propriedades rurais, contemplando sete jovens residentes no reassentamento. Como resultados observou-se que os Jovens entrevistados apresentam idades entre 14 e 29 anos, com escolaridade variando de Ensino fundamental incompleto a Superior completo, e com predominância do gênero masculino. As propriedades apresentam áreas com valores entre 13 e 120 hectares, podendo, em sua maioria serem consideradas de agricultura familiar. As atividades desenvolvidas nas propriedades são diversificadas e rentáveis economicamente, além de contarem com a participação dos jovens na tomada de decisão, o que tem levado a satisfação dos membros das famílias. Portanto, os jovens entrevistados estão satisfeitos com as atividades desenvolvidas e os resultados econômicos obtidos pelas propriedades, além de atuarem diretamente nas tomadas de decisão, sendo um indicativo da permanência dos mesmos no reassentamento e por consequência promovendo a sucessão rural.
Resistência à formalização de um empreendimento de economia solidária em uma incubadora universitária
Authors: Pires Sanyo Drummond , De Jesus Marcelo Chaves , Da Silva Aline Pereira
Published: September 2021

Analisa-se um caso de resistência ao processo de formalização de um EES do ramo de produção cultural em incubação em uma incubadora universitária de tecnologias sociais. O EES já existia anteriormente, sendo sustentável tanto econômica quanto tecnicamente, mas sem conseguir se estruturar formalmente, o que gerava uma série de dificuldades de acesso a recursos e de definição interna de atribuições. Durante a etapa de incubação voltada para a formalização do empreendimento, verificou-se uma série de resistências. A partir da análise dessas foram encontradas duas fontes principais. A primeira, de base objetiva/jurídica, atrelada à dificuldade de regulação das dinâmicas já existentes no EES pela estrutura jurídica da Associação, principalmente em função da multiplicidade de fontes de renda dos membros, e da variedade de formas de produção de valores. A segunda, de base psicossocial, relacionada à resistência à mudança na dinâmica de regulação dos investimentos afetivos dentro da organização, e principalmente em função da desestruturação na construção de valores relacionais.
Evaluation of effectiveness of chosen-plaintext attacks on the Rao-Nam cryptosystem over a finite Abelian group
Authors: Alekseychuk A.N. , Shevchuk O.S.
Published: September 2021

The Rao-Nam cryptosystem is a symmetric version of the McEliece code-based cryptosystem proposed to get rid of the shortcomings inherent in the first symmetric code-based encryption schemes. Almost immediately after the publication of this cryptosystem, attacks on it based on selected plaintexts appeared, which led to the emergence of various improvements and modifications of the original cryptosystem.

The secret key in the traditional Rao-Nam scheme is a certain Boolean matrix and a set of binary vectors used to generate distortions during encryption. Such vectors must have different syndromes, that is, be different modulo of the code generated by the rows of the specified matrix. The original work of Rao and Nam considered two methods of forming the set of these vectors, the first of which consists in using predetermined vectors of sufficiently large weight, and the second is random selection of these vectors according to the equiprobable scheme. It is known that the first option does not provide the proper security of the Rao – Nam cryptosystem (due to the small number and simple structure of these vectors), but the second option is more meaningful and requires additional research. The purpose of this paper is to obtain estimates of the effectiveness (time complexity for a given upper bound of the error probability) of attacks on a cryptosystem, which generalizes the traditional Rao – Nam scheme to the case of a finite Abelian group (note that the need to study such versions of the Rao – Nam cryptosystem is due to their consideration in recent publications). Two attacks, based on selected plaintext, are presented. The first of them is not mentioned in the works known to the authors of this article and, under certain well-defined conditions, it allows recovering the secret key of the cryptosystem with quadratic complexity.

The second attack is a generalized and simplified version of the well-known Struik-van Tilburg attack. It is shown that the complexity of this attack depends on the power of the stabilizer of the set of vectors, which forms the second part of the key, in the translation group of the Abelian group, over which the Rao – Nam cryptosystem is considered. In this paper, a bound is obtained for the probability of triviality of the stabilizer under the condition of random choice of this set. From the obtained bound, it follows that Struik-van Tilburg attack is, on average, noticeably more efficient than the worst case considered earlier.
Methods of construction and properties of logariphmic signatures
Authors: Kotukh E.V. , Severinov O.V. , Vlasov A.V. , Kozina L.S. , Tenytska A.O. , Zarudna E.O.
Published: September 2021

Development and promising areas of research in the construction of practical models of quantum computers contributes to the search and development of effective cryptographic primitives. Along with the growth of the practical possibilities of using quantum computing, the threat to classical encryption and electronic signature schemes using classical mathematical problems as a basis, being overcome by the computational capabilities of quantum computers. This fact motivates the study of fundamental theorems concerning the mathematical and computational aspects of candidate post-quantum cryptosystems. Development of a new quantum-resistant asymmetric cryptosystem is one of the urgent problems. The use of logarithmic signatures and coverings of finite groups a promising direction in the development of asymmetric cryptosystems. The current state of this area and the work of recent years suggest that the problem of factorizing an element of a finite group in the theory of constructing cryptosystems based on non-Abelian groups using logarithmic signatures is computationally complex; it potentially provides the necessary level of cryptographic protection against attacks using the capabilities of quantum calculations. The paper presents logarithmic signatures as a special type of factorization in finite groups; it also considers their properties and construction methods.
Principles of constructing gyroscopes based on photonic crystal (band-gap) fibers
Authors: Haider Ali Muse Al-Sudani
Published: September 2021

The gyroscope is a device that makes it possible to measure the change in the orientation angles associated rotation of the body relative to an inertial coordinate system. Photonic crystal fiber gyroscopes are a kind of optical gyroscopes that offer many new features beyond that conventional fiber optic gyroscopes can offer. In any case, the properties of the optical fiber can play a large role in determining the characteristics of the gyroscope. The principle of operation of most optical gyroscopes is based on the Sagnac effect or the Sagnac interferometer, the essence of which is as follows. If two light waves propagate in a closed optical circuit in opposite directions, then in the case of an immovable circuit, the phase incursions of both waves that have passed the entire circuit in opposite directions will be the same. When the contour rotates around an axis normal to the contour plane, the phase incursions of the waves become unequal, and their difference in the general case will be proportional to the angular velocity of the contour rotation, the area covered by the contour, and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (EMW). Since the area and frequency of the EMW remain unchanged during the operation of the gyroscope, the phase shift will be proportional only to the angular velocity. The use of photonic crystal fiber to increase the sensitivity is very promising; it significantly reduces the drift through thermal polarization, resistance, and the Kerr effect. This article suggests the use of photonic-crystal (hollow-core) fiber in optical gyroscope instead of conventional fibers.
Method for transforming symbolic radar marks of low-noticeable moving objects based on the Talbot effect
Authors: Zhyrnov V. , Solonskaya S.
Published: September 2021

In this paper a method to transform radar images of moving aerial objects with scintillating inter-period fluctuations, sometimes resulting to complete signal fading, using the Talbot effect is considered. These transformations are reduced to the establishment of a certain correspondence of the asymptotic equality of perception of visual images, arbitrarily changing in time and space, in the statement about the conditions of simple equality of perception of images of radar marks that have different frequencies of fluctuations. It is shown how this approach can be used to analyze radar data by transforming and smoothing scintillating signal fluctuations, invisible in the presence of interference, into visible symbolic images. First, to detect and recognize the aerial objects from the analysis of relations and functional (semantic) dependencies between attributes, second, to make a decision based on semantic components of symbolic radar images. The possibility of using such transformation to generate pulse-frequency code of fluctuations of the symbolic radar angel-echo images as an important characteristic for their recognition has been experimentally verified. Algorithms for generating symbolic images in asynchronous and synchronous pulse-frequency code are formulated. The symbolic image represented by such a code is considered as an additional feature for recognizing and filtering out natural interferences such as angel-echoes.
5 G communication network signal propagation models
Authors: Kolyadenko Yu.Yu. , Chursanov N.А.
Published: September 2021

The next generation 5G / IMT-2020 technology, like any new technology, brings its own specific features to all aspects related to the practice of its application. One of these particularly important aspects is electromagnetic compatibility. At the stage of preparation for the introduction of 5G radio networks, called NewRadio, it is necessary to take early measures to assess effectively the electromagnetic compatibility conditions for these networks based on a thorough analysis of the features of 5G technology. Correct and accurate assessments of these conditions means successful provision of the electromagnetic compatibility of radio equipment of new networks.

The World Radio Communication Conference WRC-15 identified new radio frequency bands for 5G, including centimeter and millimeter wave bands. In general, this RF spectrum is located in three regions: below 1 GHz, 1 GHz to 6 GHz, and above 6 GHz (up to 100 GHz). From the EMC standpoint, the following can be distinguished as the main features of this spectrum: different nature of losses during signal propagation, in particular, a significant influence of additional factors (gases – oxygen, water vapor, etc.) on the level of losses previously unknown in cellular communication.

The mathematical model of signal propagation of 5 G communication networks has been developed which takes into account: the attenuation of signals in free space; attenuation of signals caused by the influence of walls and floor slabs, loss of signal energy, when space is filled with various objects; attenuation of signals caused by loss of energy of radio waves, when propagating through rains; signal attenuation due to loss of radio wave energy due to fog; signal attenuation, when propagating through tree leaves, slow and fast random fading.
Peramalan Produksi Beras di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Purnomo Hari , Oktyajati Nancy
Published: September 2021

Ketersediaan beras lokal perlu diprediksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasokan beras di Indonesia. Jawa Tengah sebagai penghasil beras terbesar ketiga di Indonesia merupakan salah satu penopang kebutuhan beras nasional. Besarnya produksi pangan di Indonesia menjadi faktor penting dalam penentuan persediaan pangan yang tepat. Peramalan produksi beras di Jawa Tengah menjadi diperlukan untuk mengetahui kondisi pangan ke depan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model peramalan produksi beras di provinsi Jawa Tengah dan mengetahui perkiraan produksi beras di Provinsi Jawa Tengah 5 tahun ke depan. Metode time series forecasting digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil produksi beras dari tahun 1993 hingga tahun 2020. Dari hasil uji fungsi auto korelasi diketahui bahwa data produksi memiliki pola data tren. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode double exponential smoothing dengan dua parameter (Holt’s Methods). Model peramalan yang optimal didapatkan dengan bantuan software solver pada Microsoft Excel. Dengan menggunakan bantuan solver Microsoft Excel diperoleh nilai konstanta optimal α sebesar 0,767 dan β sebesar 0,412 dengan nilai Mean Absolute Precentage Error sebesar 4,82%. Hasil peramalan dari tahun 2021 hingga 2025 diketahui menurun setiap tahunnya. Rata-rata penurunan produksi beras dalam 5 tahun ke depan diperkirakan sebanyak 4,4% per tahunnya.

Kata kunci: beras, exponential smoothing, Jawa Tengah, peramalan
An objectıve criteria proposal for the comparison of MCDM and weighting methods in financial performance measurement: An application in Borsa Istanbul
Authors:   Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Accounting and Finance Management, Turkey, Baydaş Mahmut , Elma Orhan Emre ,   Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Accounting and Finance Management, Turkey
Published: September 2021

Financial performance research with multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, is a common subject of study not only for researchers in the finance literature but also in the applied sciences. Financial performance manifests itself in an internal universe that a firm can directly control, while the share return of the same firm is shaped synchronically in an external universe that cannot be controlled directly. On the other hand, preferring the most suitable MCDM and weighting method to use in measuring financial performance is often regarded as a source of uncertainty. In this study, the share price is used as an external proxy and a tool for comparing MCDM methods, completely different from the previously proposed approaches based on the superiority of internal features. This study was conducted on 131 manufacturing companies in Borsa Istanbul, covering entire 20-quarter period between 2014 and 2018. The experimental findings of the study provide valid solutions for the MCDM and weighting selection problem, that can be proposed as a practical and indirect solution. The results show that preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) method used with hybrid weighting technique produced by far the best performance rankings in 19 out of 20 quarterly periods when compared to the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and weighted sum approach (WSA).
دلالة الحرف على معنى في نفسه عند ابن الّنحاس(ت698ه).
Authors: حمود عرّاك القرشيّ محمود , يعقوب حميد أحمد
Published: September 2021

هذا البحث يتحدث عن الحرف، وهل الحرف له معنى مستقلّ بنفسه أو لا ؟ فمن المعلوم أنّ الحرف: ما دلّ على معنى في غيره فقط، مثل: (الهمزة) الّتي تدلّ على الاستفهام، و(ليت) الّتي تدلّ على التّمني، و(لعلّ) الّتي تدلّ على التّرجي، و(لَمْ) الّتي تدلّ النّفي، ولكن معاني هذه الحروف محتاجٌ ومفتقرٌ إلى ضميمة خارجية .هذا ما اتفق عليه النّحويون غير أنّ ابن النّحاس خالف الجمهور برأي جديد فزعم أنّ الحرف يدلّ على معنى في نفسه، ودليلُهُ أنَّ المُخاطَب بـ(هل) مثلاً يفهم منها معنى الاستفهام؛ لأنَّهُ يعلم أَنَّ (هل) موضوعة في أصل اللّغة للاستفهام ، وكذلك( لعلّ) موضوعة للترجي و(ليت) للتمني وكذا بقية الحروف ؛لأنَّهُ يفهم ذلك اعتمادًا على فهمه للغته .
مظاهر الحزن في شعر فليحة حسن
Authors: كاظم سلمان العتابي أحمد
Published: September 2021

إن النفس البشرية لا تكل ولا تمل من البحث عن شركاء الأمل والألم، شركاء الفرحة والدمعة، حتى ولو كان في صدى الشعر الحزين، فقد نحتت الشاعرة فليحة حسن حروفاً حزينة في مخاطبة الذات المنبعثة من التدفق الإنساني.

لقد تملك الحزن من فليحة حسن الإنسانة والشاعرة والمرأة، فكان الموت شرياناً يغذي القلب الكليم، وسني الحرب القاسية طغت على سيرتها الذاتية، والتي كتبتها بكل تناقضاتها ومرارتها وحلاوتها وأحزانها، كما كان للنجف نصيب، فهي معشوقة فليحة الأبدية، تلك البقعة القلبية التي تتداخل فيها الحياة والموت، فمنها بذرة البداية واليها عين النهاية.

إن شعر فليحة حسن ذو طابع أدبي مميز، فيه نكهة حزن مختلفة، تجلى في حروف كلماتها وأنهار دموعها، فهي التي عزفت لحناً حزيناً قل مثيله في قيثارة الشعر النسوي.

فليحة حسن , الحزن ,الشعر النسوي
الفكر السياسي للحركات الصوفية لنقشبندية في العراق انموذجاً
Authors: جبار حسن مؤيد
Published: September 2021

تنوعت التيارات الدينية التي خرجت من عباءة الدين الاسلامي ، بحيث من الصعب ان يجمعها مؤلف واحد بين دفتيه، ومن بين تلك التيارات الحركات الصوفية . والصوفية اختلف في اسمها كما اختلف في كل شيء فيها ، فلذلك كان لها انصار وايضا مبغضين واعداء. ومن بين الحركات الصوفية ، النقشبندية ، التي انتشرت في بقاع كثيرة ، وما يهمنا النقشبندية في العراق ، ما قبل وبعد عام 2003.حيث حاولنا تقصي الفكر او التوجهات السياسية لتلك الجماعة ، وماهو تأثيرها على الواقع العراقي .
دور القوى الدولية والاقليمية في جنوب آسيا
Authors: عاصم فائق تلا
Published: September 2021

يهدف البحث الى بيان حقيقة جوهرية مفادها ان للهند دور استراتيجي كبير تأثر بمجموعة قوى اقليمية ودوليهة ساعدت على تعزيز قوة الهند وتفوقها ولاقليم جنوب آسيا مجموعة قوى خارجية متمثلة بالقوى الاقليمية التي تمثل كل من الباكستان والصين والقوى الدولية التي تمثل كل من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية والاتحاد السوفيتي السابق، روسيا الاتحادية حالياً.
واو الثمانية عند البلاغيين (الزمخشري وابن عاشور أنموذجاً
Authors: حليل حمدون الهاشمي عمر
Published: September 2021

أبدى النحاة موقفهم من هذه الواو كما سنذكره في التمهيد ، لكن بقي أن نبحث  عن موقف البلاغيين منها ، ولاسيَّما أنّ الواو لها دور مهم عندهم إذ يقوم عليها أهم بحث عندهم وهو الفصل والوصل كما سنقف عليه في التمهيد أيضاً ، ونظرا لما تقتضيه طبيعة ومحدودية الكتابة في هذا البحث ، فقد اقتضت الدراسة التركيز على شخصيتين مهمتين في هذا الميدان هما جار الله أبو القاسم محمود بن عمرو بن أحمد الزمخشري (ت 538هـ ) ، و محمد الطاهر بن عاشور (ت 1393 هـ) ، وذلك لما كان لهما من بروز واضح وتميز ظاهر في هذا التخصص ،ولما للاول من فضل السبق  في تطويرها وتنميتها ولما للثاني من العناية بها وتوظيفها في العهد الحديث.
الترسّبات المتوحشة في خطاب الإهانة
Authors: عباس مطر . ناجي
Published: September 2021

الاهانة إستراتيجية للهيمنة غايتها الجوهرية إنهاك الرمزية التي تشيدت عليها مقاومة الآخر ويرى جان جاك روسو أن الاهانة تدرج طبيعي في العلاقات البشرية والفهم الثقافي لواقع الحياة إذ" لم يَكد الناس يبدءون بتقدير بعضهم بعضًا مبادلة، ولم تكد فكرة الاعتبار تتكون في نفوسهم، حتى زعم كلٌّ وجود حق له في ذلك، وصار يتعذر إنكار ذلك على أحد من غير عقاب، ومن هنا نشأ أول واجبات الأدب حتى بين الهمج، ومن هنا صار كل خطأٍ إهانة، وذلك لأن المُهان كان يرى في الشر الذي ينشأ عن الإهانة ازدراءً لشخصه أشد إيلامًا من الشر نفسه. وهكذا إذ كان كل واحدٍ يجازي على الازدراء المُوجه إليه بنسبة ما يُقدّر فإن الانتقامات أصبحت هائلة، وصار الناس قساة سفاحين"([i])ومن ثم فأنها تبدو حاجة وظيفية تتبلور بنتيجة الصدام الثقافي بين الناس.

 

([i])ينظر أصل التفاوت بين الناس :63 جان جاك روسو ترجمة عادل زعيتر مؤسسة هنداوي للتعليم والثقافة القاهرة 2013 ط1
فاعلية برنامج تعليمي الكتروني مقترح وفق القيمة المضافة لتقييم القدرات التحصيلية لدى طلبة كليات التربية
Authors: صاحب الزويني ابتسام , حميد نعمة احلام
Published: September 2021

:ملخص البحث

        هدف البحث الحالي الى بناء برنامج الكتروني مقترح وفق القيمة المضافة لتقييم القدرات التحصيلية لدى طلبة كلية التربية .

وتم استعمال المنهج الوصفي في بناء البرنامج الالكتروني متمثلة بخطوات التصميم العام (ADDIE) وهي المراحل التالية ( التحليل ، التصميم ، التطوير ، التنفيذ ، التقويم)

    واستعمال المنهج شبه التجريبي عند تطبيق البرنامج الالكتروني على عينة من طلبة كلية التربية لتقييم القدرات التحصيلية ، وتوصلت النتائج الى فاعلية البرنامج الالكتروني وفي ضوء النتائج تم التوصل الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
نقد نيتشه لفكرة الواجب الأخلاقي عند كانط
Authors: عبد الآله يونس هبا
Published: September 2021

برغم المنزلة العظيمة التي حملتها فلسفة كانط في فلسفة نيتشه وبخاصة الدور النقدي الاستثنائي لكانط وأثره في من بعده بما أنه أيقظ العقل للبحث عن المعارف والتحديات بما في ذلك الميتافيزيقية منها فالتعالي العقلاني الكانطي بحثاً عن المعرفة والحقيقة والقيم والتنظير لهذه المركبات كل هذا يَراه نيتشه امراً استثنائياً وتحدياً مغايراً للواقع الحضاري الأوربي نلحظ رفض نيتشه لمبادئ الفلسفة الكانطية القائمة على العقلانية المطلقة في مبانيها الشمولية ومن بينها نظريته في الاخلاق والتي يمكن حصرها في مجموعة وصايا حتمية يحكمها العقل وبها يجب أن نلتزم ونطيع ومحاولته جعل " الواجب" عملاً منطقياً وليس مجرد أوامر إلهيه والقيم الأخلاقية يمكن استنتاجها بالعقل فقط وربط الأخلاق بالإرادة النّابعة من عقل الإنسان الواعي لا من رغبته والتمسّك بالأخلاق وفعل الصواب واجب أخلاقي واحترام القانون الاخلاقي هو الدافع إلى الفعل الخلقي ولأن المعرفة الإنسانية محدودة كما يقول فالأخلاق يجب أن تتعدى النظرة الضيقة التي تنحصر في المنفعة الشخصية وعلى العكس تماماً نيتشه لم تعجبه فلسفة كانط في الأخلاق ويسميها التعصب الأخلاقي وإنها تبين غريزة كانط الدينية وتأثره بالفكر المسيحي ومحاولته لجعل " الواجب" عملاً منطقياً وليس مجرد أوامر إلهية وضعته بين مفكري عصر التنوير حيث نجد أن سبب الأخلاق علمي عقلاني لا ديني فعلى العكس تماماً تقبع فلسفة نيتشه فهو يسعي إلى تحطيم كل قيم الأخلاق انطلاقا من ضرورة تحرير الإنسان من كل معتقد أو قيمة ولأنه لا قاعدة قاعدة يمكن أن تشكل المرجعية لأي فعل خلقي ولأنها برأيه النسخة الأخرى من الدين الذي طالب بموته فما قام به كانط برأي نيتشه هو إحياء الدين بفلسفة الأخلاق وبالتالي لم يكن كانط أكثر من نصف رجل دين وليس فيلسوفاً وهذا ما قاد نيتشه الى القول أن الأخلاق لا يجب ان تعتمد على العقل وحده لأنها لو كانت تعتمد على العقل وحده فعقلي ليس مثل عقلك وبتعدد العقول تتعدد القيم الخلقية وعلى كل واحد منا يجب أن يبني عالمه الأخلاقي بنفسه هذا هو ضروراته الحتمية فالناس تهلك إذا أخطأت وامتثلت للواجب العام بدلاً من واجبها الخاص.
تحليل الخطأ في ترجمة جوجل: دراسة حالة لنص طبي
Authors: فرح عباس أبو التمن
Published: September 2021

أدى توفير الوقت والجهود إلى ضرورة استخدام أنظمة الترجمة الآلية مثل ترجمة جوجل Google Translate  لترجمة النصوص في جميع أنحاء العالم. كانت ترجمة جوجل خلال العقود الماضية محور الإهتمام لكونها أكثر أنظمة الترجمة الآلية استخدامًا وذلك لسرعتها والنتائج شبه الدقيقة التي أظهرتها. نشأت الحاجة لهذه الدراسة من حقيقة أن ترجمة الإنجليزية والعربية الآلية من خلال تطبيق جوجل يوجد فيها العديد من الأخطاء التي يجب تسليط الضوء عليها لأن كلتا اللغتين تنتمي إلى أنظمة لغوية مختلفة. من أجل تقييم جودة ترجمة جوجل، استخدم هذ البحث تحليل الخطأ بهدف تحديد أنواع الأخطاء المختلفة في ترجمة جوجل. ركز هذا التحليل على دراسة عدم تطابق المكونات النحوية والصرفية و المعجمية و الدلالية التي وجدت في النص المصدر و الهدف. دراسة الحالة لهذا البحث هي نص طبي إنجليزي تم اختياره لتقييم دقة وفائدة ترجمة جوجل في ترجمة العبارات و المصطلحات الطبية الإنجليزية. أظهرت النتائج أن الأخطاء الأكثر تكرارا كانت أخطاءا دلالية و نحوية بنسبة (30٪) لكل خطأ بينما حلت الأخطاء المورفولوجية على المرتبة الثانية بنسبة (25%) أما الأخطاء المعجمية فقد حلت في المرتبة الأخيرة بنسبة (15%).
Differential expression of GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1, GULP1, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. GULP1 expression was significantly lower in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. GULP1 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of GULP1 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. GULP1 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
Forgivingness among Meranao Students in Southern Philippines
Authors: Sarip Saliha A. , Guimba Wardah D. , Mojica Cherrilyn N.
Published: September 2021

People have the tendencies to be involved or engaged in transgression. While some may be forgiving and move forward, others hold grudges, resentment, or feel remorse. In the context of social, behavioral science, this is worth investigating. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the indicatives of forgivingness in a transgression-related act and if these are associated with Gender and age. The main instrument used is the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF) which is a tool to measure forgivingness of the Meranao living in Lanao del Sur, Philippines. The respondents were the 150 Meranao Students (senior high and college students). This study employed a quantitative design that described, compared and correlated variables. Findings indicated that Meranao students are most forgiving towards scenarios in which a transgressor causes a friend to fail in the submission of a job application and least forgiving towards a scenario where a transgressor causes one of the family members to die. Meranaos’ age range from 15 to 25 shows no difference in forgivingness between men and women. Results showed a very weak association in age groups. Future researchers may use other situational scales and tools to identify further results and use comprehensive age groups (young, middle-age, and old adult) examining respondents’ forgivingness and its significant differences.
Primary Dysmenorrhea Intensity Between Stretching Abdominal Therapy and Acupuncture to Adolescent Girls
Authors: Suindri Ni Nyoman , Erawati Ni Luh Putu Sri , Darmapatni Made Widhi Gunapria , Sriasih Ni Gusti Kompiang
Published: September 2021

Menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is known as cramping pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation experienced by some women. Abdominal stretching exercises and acupressure can reduce dysmenorrhea. This research aims to determine the difference in the intensity of primary menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) between abdominal stretching therapy and acupressure for adolescent girls in a Senior High School in Denpasar. The method applied in this research is a Quasi-Experimental two-groups pretest-posttest design. The research sample was grouped into two, namely 70 high school students in the abdominal stretching therapy and 70 students in acupressure therapy. The data were collected using the Numerical Rating Scales or NRS. The data were then analysed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test. The result of the research showed that there was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea before and after abdominal stretching therapy (p=0.000). Also, there was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea before and after acupressure therapy (p=0.000). There was no difference in dysmenorrhea before applying abdominal stretching therapy and acupressure with a p-value=0.335. Also, there was no difference in dysmenorrhea after both therapies were undergone in two groups (p=0,111). The difference test on the difference between the pre-test and post-test obtained p-value = 0.012. Hence, there was a significant difference in decreasing dysmenorrhea between abdominal stretching therapy and acupressure (p=0.012). Conclusion: there is a significant difference in reducing dysmenorrhea between abdominal stretching therapy and acupressure. Suggestion: further research is necessary to conduct by using time series design.
The Effect of Social Studies Lessons on Citizenship Perceptions of 7th Grade Syrian Immigrant Students
Authors: Bozkaya Hasan
Published: September 2021

Providing people to acquire some skills and concepts, social studies lessons interact with various branches of science. One of them is citizenship education. When citizenship education is examined, it is seen that effective citizenship education comes to the forefront in present democracies. Concepts and issues such as respect for differences, empathy, globalization, cooperation, solidarity, identity, unity, and the feeling of togetherness are important considering immigrant students’ acquiring citizenship awareness via intercultural interaction. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of social studies lessons on citizenship perceptions of 7th grade Syrian immigrant students. For this purpose, opinions of 14 Syrian immigrant students, who attended 7th grade in three different secondary schools in Hatay in 2019, were asked. The research was designed in qualitative design and phenomenology model. Purposive sampling method was used to determine Syrian immigrant students participating in the research. A semi-structured student interview form was used to collect data. It was found that, immigrant students in the study group of the research know their rights and responsibilities, respect the rights of others, feel responsible and have patriotism. They stated that citizenship education they received in social studies lessons contributed greatly to their acquisition of these values. Considering these findings, it was concluded that social studies lesson has an important effect on the formation of citizenship perceptions of Syrian immigrant students; enabling them to be connected with the environment they live in with a sense of belonging, while enabling them to become more sensitive and responsible citizens towards their environment.
UCL Holding ISBN 9788366675599
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: September 2021

https://ucl-new-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/f/5qfvbu/UCL_LMS_DS51350493170004761
Helping autistic children
Authors: Davis Rachael , Houting Jacquiline den , Nordahl-Hansen Anders , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: September 2021

Autism is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental condition, with prevalence estimated at 1 in 100 people worldwide (Elsabbagh et al., 2012). Autism is diagnosed by behavioural presentation, and although there is substantial variability both within autistic people across the lifespan, and between autistic individuals, a set of core diagnostic criteria are relied on by clinicians. These criteria are broadly categorised in two ways: (1) distinctive patterns of social communication and interactions with others, and (2) restricted or repetitive behaviours or interests (American Psychiatric Association, APA, 2013) (for a comprehensive overview of the current autism research, see: Fletcher-Watson & Happé, 2019).Given the emphasis on social and communication difficulties in the diagnostic criteria of autism, and the pivotal role they play in development generally, these domains are commonly key targets for autism interventions. Here, we first provide an overview of different types of traditional social interventions and evaluate their effectiveness and validity. We also present some of the possible risks associated with such interventions, and suggest a number of means for autistic children to develop social and communication capacities on their own terms, in both family and educational settings. We end by considering some other factors essential for understanding the social development of autistic children in context and informing development and delivery of supports.
Recharge observations indicate strengthened groundwater connection to surface fluxes
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter , Luijendijk Elco , Moeck Christian , Van der Velde Ype , Allen Scott
Published: September 2021

Groundwater is an invaluable global resource, but its long-term viability as a resource for consumption, agriculture, and ecosystems depends on precipitation recharging aquifers. How much precipitation recharges groundwaters varies enormously across Earth's surface, but recharge rates are uncertain because field observations are sparse and modeled global estimates remain largely unvalidated. Here we show that recharge is predictable as a simple function of climatic aridity — the ratio of long-term potential evapotranspiration to precipitation — using a global synthesis of measured recharge of 5237 sites across six continents. We use this relationship to estimate long-term recharge globally outside of permafrost regions. Our estimates double previous global estimates and are more consistent with empirical observations. These revised higher estimates of global groundwater recharge imply that much more groundwater must contribute to evapotranspiration and streamflow than previously represented in global water cycle depictions or global hydrological and Earth system models.
CCREM: New reference Earth model from the global coda-correlation wavefield
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Tkalčić Hrvoje
Published: September 2021

The existing Earth reference models have provided an excellent one-dimensional representation of Earth’s properties as a function of its radius and explained many seismic observations in a broad frequency band. However, some discrepancies still exist among these models near the first-order discontinuities (e.g., the core-mantle and the inner-core boundaries) due to different datasets and approaches. As a new paradigm in global seismology, the analysis of coda-correlation wavefield is fundamentally different from interpreting direct observations of seismic phases or free oscillations of the Earth. The correlation features exist in global correlograms due to the similarity of body waves reverberating through the Earth’s interior. As such, there is a great potential to utilize the information stored in the coda-correlation wavefield in constraining the Earth’s internal structure. Here, we deploy the global earthquake-coda correlation wavefield as an independent data source in the 15-50 s period interval to increase the Earth's radial structure constraints. We assemble a dataset of multiple pronounced correlation features and fit both their travel times and waveforms by computing synthetic correlograms through a series of candidate models. Misfit measurements for correlation features are then computed to search for the best-fitting model. The model that provides an optimal representation of the correlation features in the coda-correlation wavefield is CCREM. It displays differences in radial seismic velocities, especially near the first-order discontinuities, relative to previously proposed Earth-reference models. This is the first application of the earthquake-coda correlation wavefield in constraining the whole Earth's radial velocity structure.
The Role of Values in Coping with Health and Economic Threats of COVID-19
Authors: Lemay Edward , Kruglanski Arie W. , Molinario Erica , Agostini Maximilian , Belanger Jocelyn , Gutzkow Ben , Kreienkamp Jannis , vanDellen Michelle R. , team PsyCorona , Leander Pontus
Published: September 2021

The current research examined the role of values in guiding people’s responses to COVID-19. Results from an international study involving 115 countries (N = 61,490) suggest that health and economic threats of COVID-19 evoke different values, with implications for controlling and coping with the pandemic. Specifically, health threats evoked prioritization of communal values related to caring for others and belonging, whereas economic threats predicted prioritization of agentic values focused on competition and achievement. Concurrently and over time, prioritizing communal values over agentic values was associated with enactment of prevention behaviors that reduce virus transmission, motivations to help others suffering from the pandemic, and positive attitudes toward outgroup members. These results, which were generally consistent across individual and national levels of analysis, suggest that COVID-19 threats may indirectly shape important responses to the pandemic through their influence on people’s prioritization of communion and agency. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Post-Quantum Cryptographic Assemblages and the Governance of the Quantum Threat
Authors: Csenkey Kristen , Bindel Nina
Published: September 2021

Threats against security in the Internet often have a wide-range and can have serious impacts within society. Large quantum computers will be able to break the cryptographic algorithms used to ensure security today, which is known as the quantum threat. Quantum threats are multi-faceted and very complex cybersecurity issues. We use assemblage theory to explore the complexities associated with these threats, including how they are understood within policy and strategy. It is in this way that we explore how the governance of the quantum threat is made visible. Generally, the private and academic sector have been a primary driver in this field, but other actors(especially states) have begun to grapple with the threat and have begun to understand the relation to defence challenges, and pathways to cooperation in order to prepare against the threat. This may pose challenges for traditional avenues of defence cooperation as states attempt to understand and manage the associated technologies and perceived threats. We examine how traditionally cooperating allies attempt to govern the quantum threat by focusing on Australia, Canada, the European Union (EU), New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). We explore the linkages within post-quantum cryptographic assemblages and identify several governmental interventions as attempts to understand and manage the threat and associated technologies. In examining over 40 policy and strategy-related documents between traditionally defence cooperating allies, we identify six main linkages: Infrastructure, Standardization, Education, Partnerships, Economy, and Defence. These linkages highlight the governmental interventions to govern through standardization and regulation as a way to define to contours of the quantum threat.
Healthier pineapple tart pastry using oleogel-based solid fat replacement
Authors:   Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117599, Sim Shaun Yong Jie , Wong Kah Xuan ,   Food Science and Nutrition Program, School of Chemical and Life Science, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore 569830, Henry Christiani Jeyakuma ,   Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Pineapple tarts are a commonly consumed Southeast Asian pastry made using solid fats like butter and palm shortening. These solid fats predominantly contain high amounts of saturated fats which have been implicated in negative health effects. However, solid fats impart important textural properties in pastry formation and is not easy to replace. To overcome this challenge, a concept to enhance the nutritional value whilst maintaining the textural properties of pineapple tart pastry formed the basis of this study. Methods: This short study explored the use of “healthy” avocado-olive oil-based oleogels structured with food-grade ethylcellulose (EC), monoglycerides (MG) or its combination (EC-MG) as solid fat replacements to butter and palm shortening. The textural properties of the pastry dough and tart were determined using a texture analyser, while the nutritional content of the pastries was compared. Results: The firmness of pastry dough decreased in the order: EC >> EC-MG > butter ~ MG ~ shortening, while tart hardness decreased: EC > shortening ~ butter > MG > EC-MG. The combination EC-MG oleogel had positive effects on the textural properties by improving the dough workability and reducing the tart hardness compared to EC. Remarkably, the oleogel tart pastries had up to 70% less saturated fat compared to the butter or palm shortening pastries. Conclusion: This study confirms the ability to create healthier pastries whilst maintaining its texture.
Język w służbie myśli. Szkice z dziejów polskiego słownictwa
Authors: Grzegorczykowa Renata
Published: September 2021

The publication discusses general problems of linguistics, the role of language in psychical and mental life of man and the history of words – signs of abstract thinking. The guiding principle of the works collected in the volume is to consider language as a fundamental tool for thinking and comprehending the world.
A Common Clerk as Courtholder: Geoffrey Spirleng in Late Medieval Norwich
Authors: Frost Ruth H.
Published: September 2021

Courtholders presided over a variety of late medieval English courts. Like most courtholders before 1500, Geoffrey Spirleng, common clerk of Norwich, did not attend an inn of court or chancery. Nevertheless, his experiences as a courtholder and as common clerk qualified him as a legal professional. Because of the frequency of lawsuits, people of all backgrounds were impacted by courtholders’ actions. This article argues that courtholders played a crucial role in ensuring judicial efficiency and consistency.
The Book as Material Intercessor in Anne de Bretagne’s Library: Women’s Affective Reading in Late Medieval France
Authors: Pollock Renck Anneliese
Published: September 2021

This article explores the materiality of the book in four codices owned by Anne de Bretagne at the end of the Middle Ages. Shedding light on the reading practices promoted by the library of one particular late-medieval female patron, I also provide a way into thinking more broadly about the ways in which reading practices were modelled to female readers by the secular and religious texts and images in their manuscripts.
Determination of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment depending on facial types according to Garson in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion
Authors: Drachevska I. Yu. , Dmitriev М. О. , Clifford Perera , Shevchenko V. M. , Gunas I. V.
Published: September 2021

Aesthetics is one of the key elements that accompanies modern medicine, in particular, dentistry. The need for treatment not only eliminates the symptoms of the disease but also leads to the restoration or improvement of the aesthetic appearance of the person, and especially the face, gave impetus to the development of new areas of science and technology. An important step in the implementation of such treatments is experimental research to identify the norm for certain categories of the population, primarily according to sex and ethnic group. The aim of the study was to establish the characteristics of cephalometric parameters in Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment, depending on sex and facial types. On the basis of the clinic "Vinintermed" teleroentgenography was performed using a dental cone-beam tomograph Veraviewepocs 3D Morita (Japan). Cephalometric examination of lateral teleroentgenograms in 46 young men (aged 17 to 21 years) and 72 young women (aged 16 to 20 years) with orthognathic occlusion was done. The type of face was determined according to the morphological index of Garson. The evaluation of parameters that usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment was performed in the licensed package "Statistica 6.0" using non-parametric methods of evaluation of the results. The percentile ranges of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment depending on the facial types of Ukrainian young men and young women with orthognathic occlusion has been established. Pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism of cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment (higher values in young men) are established only for most linear dimensions (values of distances NS, Ar-Go, N-Se, N-CC, P-PTV and S-Ar) in representatives of different types of faces. Both between young men and young women with different face types, there are almost no reliable or tendencies of differences in cephalometric parameters, which usually do not change during surgical and orthodontic treatment.