bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microautophagy – distinct molecular mechanisms handle cargoes of many sizes
Authors: Schuck Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Autophagy is fundamental for cell and organismal health. Two types of autophagy are conserved in eukaryotes: macroautophagy and microautophagy. During macroautophagy, autophagosomes deliver cytoplasmic constituents to endosomes or lysosomes, whereas during microautophagy lytic organelles take up cytoplasm directly. While macroautophagy has been investigated extensively, microautophagy has received much less attention. Nonetheless, it has become clear that microautophagy has a broad range of functions in biosynthetic transport, metabolic adaptation, organelle remodeling and quality control. This Review discusses the selective and non-selective microautophagic processes known in yeast, plants and animals. Based on the molecular mechanisms for the uptake of microautophagic cargo into lytic organelles, I propose to distinguish between fission-type microautophagy, which depends on ESCRT proteins, and fusion-type microautophagy, which requires the core autophagy machinery and SNARE proteins. Many questions remain to be explored, but the functional versatility and mechanistic diversity of microautophagy are beginning to emerge.
Triceps Tendon Injuries
Authors: Casadei Kyle , Kiel John , Freidl Michael
Published: September 2020

Triceps tendon injuries are an uncommon clinical entity poorly described in the literature. This review discusses the spectrum of pathology, effective diagnosis, nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment, rehabilitation, and surgical complications of triceps tendon injuries. Management of triceps tendinopathies depends on the mechanism of injury and the patient's motor examination. Triceps tendinopathies and partial tendon tears with intact strength can be managed conservatively with rest, ice, immobilization, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical therapy. If conservative management fails for 6 months or there are strength deficits on examination, surgery should be considered. Based on the current evidence, there are no clear guidelines for “best” surgical approach. Although rare, the most significant surgical complication to be concerned about is rerupture. Rerupture rate is 4.62% among the articles we reviewed.
Explaining the Decline in the US Employment-to-Population Ratio: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Abraham Katharine G. , Kearney Melissa S.
Published: September 2020

This paper first documents trends in employment rates and then reviews what is known about the various factors that have been proposed to explain the decline in the overall employment-to-population ratio between 1999 and 2018. Population aging has had a large effect on the overall employment rate over this period, but within-age-group declines in employment among young- and prime-age adults also have played a central role. Among the factors with effects that we can quantify based on existing evidence, labor demand factors, in particular increased import competition from China and the penetration of robots into the labor market, are the most important drivers of observed within-group declines in employment. Labor supply factors, most notably increased participation in disability insurance programs, have played a less important but not inconsequential role. Increases in the real value of state minimum wages and in the share of individuals with prison records also have contributed modestly to the decline in the aggregate employment rate. In addition to the factors whose effects we roughly quantify, we identify a set of potentially important factors about which the evidence does not yet allow us to draw clear conclusions. These include the challenges associated with arranging child care, improvements in leisure technology, changing social norms, increased use of opioids, the growth in occupational licensing, and declining labor market fluidity. Our evidence-driven ranking of factors should be useful for guiding future discussions about the sources of decline in the aggregate employment-to-population ratio and consequently the likely efficacy of alternative policy approaches to increasing employment rates. (JEL E24, J64)
Pharmacovigilance and radiologists: How well do they get along?
Authors: Aydin Ozlem Celik , Aydin Sonay , Guney Hakki Zafer
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Considering the growing use of imaging modalities and contrast agents, radiologists are prone to encounter adverse drug reactions (ADR). In the current study, we mainly aim to evaluate the knowledge of radiologists regarding pharmacovigilance (PV). Also, we intend to gather information about their previous ADR experiences. Secondarily, we hope to increase the awareness about contrast-medium-related ADRs and attract attention to the importance of properly reporting these ADRs.

Methods:

A survey was generated by using an online survey webpage, and the relevant link was e-mailed to radiologists and radiology residents. The survey begins with a short explanation about the study. The second section contains questions about PV knowledge level, and the final section aims to gather information about the experienced ADRs.

Results:

The survey was completed by 202 participants. 65.3% stated that they were aware of PV. 24.8% of the participants said that they know the national PV program. 97% told that they knew the term ADR. 66.3% of the participants encountered an ADR. 53.7% of them reported these ADRs. 70.8% of them reported these ADRs to a clinician.

Conclusions:

Radiologists encounter ADRs almost as frequently as the other doctors. Their awareness about PV is similar with other healthcare professionals. They have fewer information about TUFAM and PvCPs. Radiologists generally prefer to communicate with a clinician about an ADR. Overall condition of radiologists about PV is quite similar with other healthcare professionals and education can improve it, as for the others.

Advances in knowledge:

Radiologists encounters ADRs almost as frequently as the other doctors. Overall condition of radiologists about PV is quite similar with other healthcare professionals and education can improve it, as for the others.
Protocol for PMA-Ethiopia: A new data source for cross-sectional and longitudinal data of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea , Desta Selam , Yihdego Mahari , Rogers Ann , Amogne Ayanaw , Karp Celia , Wood Shannon N. , Creanga Andreea , Ahmed Saifuddin , Seme Assefa , Shiferaw Solomon
Published: September 2020

Background: Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia (PMA-Ethiopia) is a survey project that builds on the PMA2020 and PMA Maternal and Newborn Health projects to generate timely and actionable data on a range of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) indicators using a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal data collection. 

Objectives: This manuscript 1) describes the protocol for PMA- Ethiopia, and 2) describes the measures included in PMA Ethiopia and research areas that may be of interest to RMNH stakeholders.

Methods: Annual data on family planning are gathered from a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of women age 15-49. Data on maternal and newborn health are gathered from a cohort of women who were pregnant or recently postpartum at the time of enrollment. Women are followed at 6-weeks, 6-months, and 1-year to understand health seeking behavior, utilization, and quality. Data from service delivery points (SDPs) are gathered annually to assess service quality and availability.  Households and SDPs can be linked at the enumeration area level to improve estimates of effective coverage.

Discussion: Data from PMA-Ethiopia will be available at www.pmadata.org.  PMA-Ethiopia is a unique data source that includes multiple, simultaneously fielded data collection activities.  Data are available partner dynamics, experience with contraceptive use, unintended pregnancy, empowerment, and detailed information on components of services that are not available from other large-scale surveys. Additionally, we highlight the unique contribution of PMA Ethiopia data in assessing the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on RMNH.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020
Authors: Northstone Kate , Smith Daniel , Bowring Claire , Wells Nicholas , Crawford Michael , Haworth Simon , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: September 2020

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners and their offspring ever since. The study reacted rapidly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying an online questionnaire early on during lockdown (from 9th April to 15th May). In late May 2020, a second questionnaire was developed asking about physical and mental health, lifestyle and behaviours, employment and finances.

The online questionnaire was deployed across the parent and offspring generations between the 26th May and 5th July 2020. 6482 participants completed the questionnaire (2639 original mothers, 1039 original fathers/partners, 2711 offspring (mean age ~28 years) and 93 partners of offspring). 1039 new participants who did not respond to the first questionnaire deployed in April completed the second questionnaire.  A positive COVID-19 was reported by 36 (0.6%) participants (12 G0 and 24 G1), 91 (1.4%; 35 G0 and 56 G1) reported that they had been told by a doctor they likely had COVID-19 and 838 (13%; 422 G0 and 416 G1) suspected that they have had COVID-19.  Using algorithmically estimated cases based on symptoms, we estimate that the predicted prevalence of COVID-19 from mid-April to time of questionnaire completion was 3.1%.

Data from both COVID questionnaires will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Data has been released as an update to the original dataset released in May 2020. It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to both questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the second questionnaire and the data obtained from it.
Enquanto eles seguem livres
Authors: Araújo Soares de Souza Ana Cecília
Published: September 2020

O artigo reflete sobre as ações das artistas Regina José Galindo e Bartira Dias, que estão alinhadas a uma postura ética, estética e política de resistência a misoginia na sociedade atual. A primeira lança um olhar sobre a violência sofrida pelas mulheres Maia-Ixil na Guatemala. A segunda, posiciona-se criticamente contra a exploração sexual no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Peformance. Feminicídio. Regina José Galindo. Bartira Dias.
Natchez: Inclusão e Sabonetes
Authors: Da Costa Carlos Eduardo Félix , Aldouby Ayelet Danielle
Published: September 2020

ste artigo apresenta o projeto desenvolvido durante residência artística na cidade de Natchez (Mississipi), a convite com National Endownment for the Arts, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation e XLab IDEAS durante o ano de 2017. As instituições possuem um programa que visa impactar positivamente em comunidades através de projetos artísticos. O resultado final deste processo foram duas instalações, que discutiram questões relacionadas à segregação racial, desaparecimento e autocuidado, em parceria com uma coligação conhecida como 100 Black Women.Palavras chaves: Coparticipação; Sabão; Magnólia; Pérolas.
A CONSTÂNCIA TEMPORAL DA CRIAÇÃO POR NEḤEḤ E DJET: UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO CULTURAL DO TEMPO PARA OS ANTIGOS EGÍPCIOS
Authors: Marques Camara Giselle
Published: September 2020

O estudo apresentado nesse artigo se debruça sobre o modo pelo qual a ideia de temporalidade no Antigo Egito pode ser compreendida por meio de sua corporificação na imagem de dois “deuses-princípios”: um deles manifestado pela polaridade feminina Djet e o outro pelo seu complemento masculino Neḥeḥ. Apesar de ambos os termos serem comumente traduzidos por “duas  eternidades” ou “eternidade/tempo”, respectivamente, Djet parece encerrar um princípio estático, manifestando uma concepção de tempo que se confunde com  espacialidade, enquanto Neḥeḥ expressa a ideia dinâmica dos ciclos ininterruptos da natureza.  Além de buscar expor de uma maneira objetiva o universo de sentido expresso pelo par, por meio de uma literatura sobre o tema já consagrada, o breve estudo busca lançar novos questionamentos sobre a interação de tais princípios cósmicos geradores de tempo.
In search of a vaccine against COVID-19: implications for nursing practice
Authors: Boulton Jacqueline
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the background to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The specific features of the causative pathogen (SARS-CoV-2) are outlined, together with a ‘whistlestop’ revision of immunological principles. The article goes on to discuss the principles and mechanisms of immunisation and the stages of vaccine development. The current situation in relation to the race to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 is incorporated and the immunological principles being adapted by the top contenders are outlined. These include new approaches based on genetic sequencing. Finally, the importance of understanding theoretical principles and the potential practical implications for nurses who will be at the coalface, reassuring patients and delivering vaccines, is addressed.
A Method for Detecting Abnormal Changes in the Temperature Field of Grain Bulk Based on HSV Features of Cloud Maps
Authors: Hongwei Cui , Wu Wenfu , Wu Zidan , Han Feng
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Abnormal grain temperature changes were detected by calculating the similarity of HSV features in cloud maps.

The F-measures were higher for the improved method than for methods based on HSV and LBP feature similarity.

The improved method can detect abnormal heating of grain due to mold activity or spoilage and the fluctuation in grain temperature caused by aeration.

The temperature field of the grain bulk in adjacent time periods has high similarity during normal storage.

Abstract. Analyses of grain temperature data are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and thorough analyses are difficult to perform. This article proposes an improved method based on the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color feature similarity of temperature field cloud maps to detect abnormal changes in grain temperature. Historical grain temperature data are preprocessed to generate temperature field cloud maps. The improved method based on HSV feature similarity is used to calculate the similarity of temperature field cloud maps for two successive days during normal storage, and a similarity threshold is set. Five types of grain bulk temperature anomalies are then simulated. Additionally, a comparative experiment is carried out that considers traditional methods based on HSV feature similarity and local binary pattern (LBP) feature similarity. The results show that the average recall rates of the F-measures of the improved method, the traditional method based on HSV feature similarity, and the method based on LBP feature similarity are 96.2%, 89.3%, and 95.4%, respectively, and the processing speeds are 340, 300, and 690 ms per group, respectively. Finally, an abnormal grain temperature experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the improved method can detect sudden changes in the temperature field due to mold activity or spoilage and the fluctuations in grain temperature caused by aeration. Keywords: Grain storage, HSV feature, LBP feature, Similarity, Temperature.
Evaluation of Infrared Canopy Temperature Data in Relation to Soil Water-Based Irrigation Scheduling in a Humid Subtropical Climate
Authors: Lena Bruno P. , Ortiz Brenda V. , Jiménez-Lópe Andres F. , Sanz-Sáez Álvaro , O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Durstock Mary K. , Pate Greg
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Corn response to irrigation was influenced by the precipitation distribution in 2018 and 2019, and that impacted the response of CWSI as an irrigation scheduling signaling method.

CWSI was sensitive to changes in soil water storage, increasing due to crop evapotranspiration and decreasing after a precipitation or irrigation event.

In 2018, both seasonal CWSI and yield were not different among the irrigation treatments, while in 2019, seasonal CWSI and yield were all statistically different among the treatments evaluated.

Post analysis of canopy and air temperature indicated that the temperature-time threshold (TTT) method might not appropriately signal crop water stress in a humid environment.

Abstract. Irrigation scheduling based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and temperature-time threshold (TTT) methods is promising for semi-arid and arid climates. The objective of this study was to investigate if CWSI and TTT methods could be used as irrigation signaling tools for a humid environment in the southeastern U.S. Corn canopy temperature data were collected in Alabama in 2018 and 2019 using infrared leaf temperature sensors on a fully irrigated treatment and on two limited irrigation treatments. A set of three soil water sensors installed at 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 m soil depth were used to prescribe irrigation time and amount. CWSI was sensitive to precipitation, irrigation, and plant water uptake. No statistical differences in CWSI or yield among the three irrigation levels were found in 2018 when precipitation was well distributed during the season. In contrast, during 2019 both CWSI and yield differed significantly among the three irrigation treatments. Precipitation events in 2019 were sparse compared to 2018; therefore, irrigation promoted greater differences in water availability between treatments. Inconsistencies observed in potential irrigation signaling using the TTT method with or without the inclusion of a limiting relative humidity algorithm indicate that the TTT method may not be a reliable irrigation signaling tool for humid environments. Keywords: Corn yield, Crop water stress index, Irrigation scheduling, Limiting relative humidity, Soil water depletion, Temperature-time threshold.
Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?
Authors: Evett Steven R. , Marek Gary W. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Brauer David , Howell Terry A.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Crop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation.

FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI.

A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids.

A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days.

Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southern High Plains where pan evaporation exceeds 2,400 mm per year. Early research comparing SDI with spray sprinklers showed that SDI was over-applied when scheduling irrigations using crop coefficients developed using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, crop coefficients developed using SDI may be smaller than those developed using sprinkler irrigation. Grain corn was grown for two years on large, precision weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, with two lysimeters irrigated by SDI and two by mid-elevation spray (MESA) irrigation. Data used in this study were for fields irrigated to replenish soil water in the top 1.5 m of the soil to field capacity, as indicated by weekly neutron probe readings (100% replenishment). Crop coefficients developed for SDI (Kc_SDI) were compared with those developed for MESA (Kc_MESA) using ASCE standardized reference ET equations. The value of Kc_SDI ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 of Kc_MESA for the two years. Values of Kc_SDI remained consistently less than Kc_MESA even after maximum leaf area index was reached, indicating that considerable evaporative loss from the soil surface occurred with MESA irrigation even after full canopy cover. When we shortened the initial period after planting from 30 to 20 d and followed FAO 56 recommendations for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch, we calculated basal Kc (Kcb) values (ETo basis) that were reasonably close to our Kc values for SDI for the crop development and early mid-season periods but were greater than our data for the later mid-season and late season periods. Keywords: Crop coefficient, FAO56, MESA, SDI, Sprinkler irrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation.
Optimization of Snake-like Robot Locomotion Using GA: Serpenoid Design
Authors: Hůlka Tomáš , Matoušek Radomil , Dobrovský Ladislav , Dosoudilová Monika , Nolle Lars
Published: September 2020

This work investigates the locomotion efficiency of snake-like robots through evolutionary optimization using the simulation framework PhysX (NVIDIA). The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal forward head serpentine gait parameters, and the snake speed is taken into consideration in the optimization. A fitness function covering robot speed is based on a complex physics simulation in PhysX. A general serpenoid form is applied to each joint. Optimal gait parameters are calculated for a virtual model in a simulation environment. The fitness function evaluation uses the Simulation In the Loop (SIL) technique, where the virtual model is an approximation of a real snake-like robot. Experiments were performed using an 8-link snake robot with a given mass and a different body friction. The aim of the optimization was speed and length of the trace.
Manipulation of infrared dispersive waves in customized microstructured optical fibers for 1.7 and 2.0  µm light sources
Authors: Bose Surajit , Harshavardhan Reddy P. , Fan Jintao , Demircan Ayhan , Ruehl Axel , Morgner Uwe , Roy Samudra , Pal Mrinmay , Bhadra Shyamal K. , Ghosh Debashri
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate the controllable generation of infrared dispersive waves (DWs) from customized, in-house fabricated silica microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) by manipulating the location of zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) through the structure of the fibers. The highly enriched shaping mechanism of arrested soliton in the MOFs with two ZDWs provides a technique for efficient energy transfer into the targeted eye-safe wavelengths at 1.7 and 2.0 µm by the virtue of DW formation.
Broadband/multiband absorption through surface plasmon engineering in graphene-wrapped nanospheres
Authors: Raad Shiva Hayati , Atlasbaf Zahra
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a thin film constructed by a periodic assembly of graphene-wrapped particles with spherical geometry has been proposed as a polarization-insensitive reconfigurable perfect absorber. The performance of the proposed structure is based on the cooperative excitation of the quadrupole localized surface plasmons on graphene shells. By sweeping the quality of graphene shells, it is recognized that the low-quality graphene material is the best choice for the absorber design. Moreover, the effect of graphene chemical potential and periodicity of the particles on the absorptivity of the structure is investigated. The physical mechanism of performance is clarified by investigating the excited localized surface plasmon resonances. In addition, the angle-independent behavior up to around 60 degrees for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves is proved. Interestingly, by engineering the substrate height, our proposed absorber exhibits dynamic broadband performance due to the impedance matching and multiband absorption by enhancing the Fabry–Perot resonances of a micrometer-sized substrate. The possibility of attaining a similar static broadband response by stacking multiple layers is also proved. Our proposed sub-wavelength absorber can be suitable for novel optoelectronic devices due to its simple geometry.
Evaluation of systematic errors for the continuous-wave NO2 differential absorption lidar employing a multimode laser diode
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Zhang Zhen , Kong Zheng , Yang Chenguang , Gong Zhenfeng , Liu Kun , Mei Liang
Published: September 2020

The

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) technique has been of great interest for atmospheric

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profiling. Comprehensive studies on measurement errors in the

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technique are vital for the accurate retrieval of the

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concentration. This work investigates the systematic errors of the recently developed continuous-wave (CW)

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technique based on the Scheimpflug principle and a high-power CW multimode laser diode. Systematic errors introduced by various factors, e.g., uncertainty of the

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differential absorption cross-section, differential absorption due to other gases, spectral drifting of the

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wavelengths, wavelength-dependent extinction and backscattering effect, have been theoretically and experimentally studied for the CW-DIAL technique. By performing real-time spectral monitoring on the emission spectrum of the laser diode, the effect of spectral drifting on the

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differential absorption cross-section is negligible. The temperature-dependent

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absorption cross-section in the region of 220–294 K can be interpolated by employing a linear fitting method based on high-precision absorption spectra at 220, 240, and 294 K. The relative error for the retrieval of the

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concentration is estimated to be less than 0.34% when employing the interpolated spectrum. The primary interference molecule is found to be the glyoxal (CHOCHO), which should be carefully evaluated according to its relative concentration in respect to

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. The systematic error introduced by the backscattering effect is subjected to the spatial variation of the aerosol load, while the extinction-induced systematic error is primarily determined by the difference between the aerosol extinction coefficients at

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wavelengths. A case study has been carried out to demonstrate the evaluation of systematic errors for practical

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monitoring. The comprehensive investigation on systematic errors in this work can be of great value for future

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monitoring using the DIAL technique.
Analytical approximation of the second-harmonic conversion efficiency
Authors: Daniel John R. , Tsai Shan-Wen , Hemmerling Boerge
Published: September 2020

The second-harmonic generation process of a focused laser beam inside a nonlinear crystal is described by the Boyd–Kleinman theory. Calculating the actual conversion efficiency and upconverted power requires the solution to a double integral that is analytically intractable. We provide an expression that predicts the exact gain coefficient within an error margin of less than 2% over several orders of magnitude of the confocal parameter and as a function of the walk-off parameter. Our result allows for readily tuning the beam parameters to optimize the performance of the upconversion process and improve optical system designs.
Vision with pulsed infrared light is mediated by nonlinear optical processes
Authors: Manzanera Silvestre , Sola Daniel , Khalifa Noe , Artal Pablo
Published: September 2020

When the eye is exposed to pulsed infrared (IR) light, it is perceived as visible of the corresponding half wavelength. Previous studies have reported evidence that this is due to a non-linear two-photon absorption process. We have carried out a study which provides additional support to this nonlinear hypothesis. To this end, we have measured the spectral sensitivity at 2 different pulse repetition rates and have developed a theoretical model to account for the experimental observations. This model predicts a ratio between the minimum powers needed to detect the visual stimulus at the 2 pulse repetition rates employed of 0.45 if the stimulus were detected through a nonlinear effect and 1 if it were caused by a linear effect as in normal vision. The value experimentally found was 0.52 ± 0.07, which supports the hypothesis of a nonlinear origin of the two-photon vision phenomena.
Silicon carbide as a material-based high-impedance surface for enhanced absorption within ultra-thin metallic films
Authors: Pérez-Escudero José M. , Buldain Iban , Beruete Miguel , Goicoechea Javier , Liberal Iñigo
Published: September 2020

The absorption of infrared radiation within ultra-thin metallic films is technologically relevant for different thermal engineering applications and optoelectronic devices, as well as for fundamental research on sub-nanometer and atomically-thin materials. However, the maximal attainable absorption within an ultra-thin metallic film is intrinsically limited by both its geometry and material properties. Here, we demonstrate that material-based high-impedance surfaces enhance the absorptivity of the films, potentially leading to perfect absorption for optimal resistive layers, and a fourfold enhancement for films at deep nanometer scales. Moreover, material-based high-impedance surfaces do not suffer from spatial dispersion and the geometrical restrictions of their metamaterial counterparts. We provide a proof-of-concept experimental demonstration by using titanium nanofilms on top of a silicon carbide substrate.
Inclusão no ensino superior: produção científica do Programa de pós-graduação em Educação Especial da UFSCar
Authors: Fantacini Renata Andrea Fernandes , Almeida Maria Amelia
Published: September 2020

No ano de 2018 o Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Especial (PPGEEs) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) completou 40 anos de existência e vem contribuindo significativamente na produção de conhecimentos. Este estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento e análise das produções acadêmicas (dissertações e teses), referentes ao processo de inclusão do público-alvo da Educação Especial no Ensino Superior, concluídas entre os anos de 1981 (ano de defesa da primeira dissertação) a 2018. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da bibliografia (RBS) apresentada como uma possibilidade de melhor compreender a produção do conhecimento em termos de Brasil. Verificamos que foram defendidas 618 dissertações (mestrado) e 198 teses (doutorado) pelos seus egressos, sendo encontrados 7 estudos, sendo 6 teses e 1 dissertação, das quais todas atendiam os critérios estabelecidos, ou seja, estudos sobre a inclusão no Ensino e/ou Educação Superior de estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial. Os resultados evidenciaram que a temática ainda é pouco explorada, inclusive nas pesquisas dos estudantes egressos do PPGEEs da UFSCar. Concluímos que mesmo apesar do número reduzido de estudos encontrados, todos são considerados valiosos, na medida em que trouxeram muitas contribuições para a literatura específica da área. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para a ampliação das expectativas de pesquisa neste contexto.
Modulation of central glucocorticoid receptors in short- and long-term experimental hypothyroidism
Authors: Nikolopoulou Elena , Mytilinaios Dimitris , Spinos Dimitris , Panagiotopoulos Nikitas , Chrousos George
Published: September 2020

Aim: Normal adrenocortical responsiveness to stress involves glucocorticoid negative feedback to terminate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Hypothyroidism is associated with a centrally mediated adrenal insufficiency associated. The aim of this study was to examine whether this may be explained by a disturbed glucocorticoid feedback through specific brain receptors: the mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
Methods: Cytosolic receptor binding and gene expression was assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats (350gm) with short- (7 days) and long-standing (60 days) hypothyroidism (thyroidectomy). Glucocorticoid receptor number and binding affinity in the hippocampus were measured using radioreceptor assay. In situ hybridization was employed to examine GR and MRmRNA levels in the hippocampus and the pituitary.
Results: No differences in receptor number or affinity were observed after 7days and 60days treatment. Increased GRmRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was observed in 7day hypothyroid rats under basal conditions compared to euthyroid rats (122.77+4.93 vs 99.65+4.83 DPM/mg; p<0.05), which was associated with significantly decreased GRmRNA levels after osmotic stress (100.82+2.8 vs 110.48+4.1 DPM/mg; p<0.05). No differences were observed at 60days. No effect on MR mRNA expression in the hippocampus was seen in basal condition after both 7- and 60days hypothyroidism. MRmRNA was significantly decreased in 60 days-hypothyroid rats compared to euthyroid after normal saline (3995.67+131.54 vs 5121.00+505.2 DPM/mg; p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism resulted in significant changes in GR and MR mRNA levels, in the hippocampus and the pituitary, without changes in receptor number and binding affinity.
A apropriação do saber e o arbitrário social em Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Pereira Noádia Munhoz
Published: September 2020

A particularidade do capital cultural legitima a natureza do campo científico ao introduzir a classe dominante no campo da luta de classes. A dispersão espacial e temporal do trabalho fragmenta as esferas da vida social e consequentemente a produção do conhecimento desde a Revolução de Copérnico. Neste sentido, faz-se necessário problematizar o que justifica as diferenciações de simbologias de um campo, como, por exemplo, o sistema de classificação de um campo arbitrário em que se denota a exclusão, a exploração, a hierarquia e a segmentação de um arbitrário social. O paradoxo do capital científico difundiu o status da ciência competente mundializada e fragilizou a força geradora do conhecimento científico e principalmente da identidade docente. Portanto, a perda do sentido laboral conduz para a formação de novas características nas relações de trabalho ao evidenciar a radicalização da profissionalização da docência e a uniformização da identidade docente.
Long-term Declines in the Size of Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) Colonies on Eastern Baffin Island, Canada
Authors: Mallory Mark L. , Dey Cody J. , McIntyre Jessie , Pratte Isabeau , Mallory Carolyn L. , Francis Charles M. , Black Amie L. , Geoffroy Catherine , Dickson Rian , Provencher Jennifer F.
Published: September 2020

We censused three colonies of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) along eastern Baffin Island, Canada, that were estimated to support 155 000 breeding pairs in 1973, but had not been adequately counted since then. The colonies were surveyed in July and August 2018 using photographs taken from a helicopter or a drone. The combined estimated colony sizes were 36 500 pairs, much smaller than historical estimates. Although the 1973 estimates were coarse, this difference represents an apparent 3+% annual decline in numbers at each colony over approximately four decades or more than 87% over three generations (66 years). Several factors may be contributing to these declines, including changes in winter food supplies and the susceptibility of fulmars to fisheries bycatch. We recommend efforts to survey the remaining major fulmar colonies in Arctic Canada to assess the overall population size and trends, and allow for further analyses of potential population drivers.
Ortodontia baseada na prática clínica ou nas evidências
científicas?
Authors: Almeida Marcio Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

Em tempos de pandemia, como a que o mundo vem enfrentando há cerca de 8 meses (Covid-19), diversos protocolos de tratamento vêm sendo instituídos de forma empírica ou pouco científica, haja vista que houve pouco tempo para se realizar estudos científicos mais aprofundados sobre o tema, utilizando amostras bem dimensionadas ou controladas. O que sabemos até agora é que ainda não existe consenso em relação ao tratamento dessa doença, e parece que estamos longe de ver isso acontecer.
Autor Responde
Authors: de Oliveira Giovana Romano , Dias Débora Reis , Ramos Adilson Luiz , Hayacibara Roberto Masayuki
Published: September 2020

Gostaríamos de agradecer aos ilustres profissionais Dr. Jaime Sampaio Bicalho, Dra. Karla Tonelli Bicalho Crosara, Dr. Rafael de Faria Bicalho e Dr. Silvano Barbosa de Oliveira pela avaliação crítica ante o nosso artigo “Efeitos inesperados dos contensores 3x3 modificados no desencadeamento da vestibularização e recessão gengival nos incisivos inferiores”, publicado na Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press, volume 18, número 6. Reconhecemos, especial- mente, a importância da contribuição concedida pelos doutores Jaime Bicalho e Karla Bicalho, ao publicarem, em 2001, a respeito da contenção 3x3 inferior modificada e inseri-la na comunidade odontológica. A partir de então, ficamos motivados pelas pesquisas nessa área, particularmente ligadas aos aspectos periodontais envolvidos. Também gostaríamos de parabenizar o Editor Chefe, Dr. Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida, que dá início a essa seção, viabilizando debates democráticos sobre os pontos de vista clínico e científico da comunidade ortodôntica.
Zocalamento virtual de modelo: êxito ou viés?
Authors: André Cristiane B.
Published: September 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Os modelos ortodônticos zocalados são bons aliados do diagnóstico, sejam eles 2D ou 3D, tendo muito êxito principalmente como modelos de estudo. A partir de um correto posicionamento das bases zocaladas, podemos compreender a correta posição da arcada dentária e a linha do sorriso do paciente. Porém, esse procedimento pode ser um viés se não forem tomados alguns cuidados. DESCRIÇÃO: Serão abordados os problemas mais frequentes no procedimento 3D de zocalamento de modelos, como análise da malha tridimensional e análise do modelo no formato STL. RESULTADOS: A falta de softwares adequados, de conhecimento e de uma correta aquisição de imagens altera a anatomia real dos modelos 3D e, por consequência, os resultados clínicos com os aparelhos ortodônticos. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto a captura de imagens em 3D (escaneamento) quanto o processo de inserção correta das bases de zocalamento são os dois pilares para atingirmos sucesso com modelos zocalados ortodônticos que forneçam dados reais ao clínico, assim como uma boa adaptação dos aparelhos ortodônticos e resultados corretos das análises virtuais de modelos.
Posicionamento de braquete pré-ajustado em caninos que substituem incisivos laterais superiores ausentes
Authors: Silveira Giordani Santos , Diniz Amanda Rafaela , Oliveira Dauro Douglas
Published: September 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A substituição de incisivos laterais superiores ausentes por meio da mesialização de caninos impõe alguns desafios para o ortodontista. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo apresenta uma dica clínica para posicionamento do braquete nos caninos para facilitar a obtenção de uma aparência mais natural da região anterior da arcada superior.
Estudo in vitro da rugosidade superficial de resina acrílica utilizada para confecção de aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis
Authors: Bragança Ana Paula Sandes , Simões Francisco Xavier Paranhos Coêlho , Gomes Marcelo Sousa , Minervino Bruno Lima , Curado Marcelo de Morais
Published: September 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Em dentes reabilitados com resina acrílica, a presença de rugosidades, além de gerar desconforto, leva ao acúmulo de biofilme, tornando-se um potencial fator de risco para o surgimento de cáries e doenças periodontais. OBJETIVOS: o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a rugosidade superficial de uma resina acrílica autopolimerizável (resina acrílica autopolimerizável rosa, pó-líquido, JET, Campo Limpo Paulista/SP), considerando-se que esse tipo de resina é muito utilizado para confecção de aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis. MÉTODOS: Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova, divididos ao meio e, então, alocados em quatro grupos, sendo dois grupos experimentais (n = 25, cada) e dois grupos controle (n = 25, cada). Os dois grupos experimentais foram submetidos ao processo de acabamento com fresa de tungstênio e tiras de lixa, e ao processo de polimento com escova de pelos e mistura de pedra-pomes em pó e água; em seguida, sofreram polimento com roda de pano e uma mistura de pedra-pomes com água. Concluí- das essas etapas, somente um dos grupos experimentais sofreu polimento com disco de musseline e pó de branco de Espanha com água. Todos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de rugosidade superficial. RESULTADOS: O valor bilateral encontrado de p foi igual a 0,03, comprovando significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: O polimento com disco de musseline e branco de Espanha contribui para a diminuição da rugosidade superficial, podendo proporcionar maior controle do acúmulo de biofilme.
Tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão esquelética de Classe II em paciente com microcefalia secundária
Authors: Romano Fábio Lourenço , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakan , Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Ferreira José Tarcísio Lima
Published: September 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe II é reconhecido e amplamente discutido na literatura. Condições que o tornam mais ou menos complexo dependem das particularidades de cada paciente. Em pacientes com necessidades especiais, a complexidade de qualquer tratamento ortodôntico é maior. Sendo assim, torna-se necessário um adequado plano de tratamento de acordo com as limitações apresentadas pelo paciente. DESCRIÇÃO: O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso clínico de uma má oclusão esquelética de Classe II em paciente com necessidades especiais, por apresentar microcefalia secundária, epilepsia focal sintomática, com problemas de saúde mental, dificuldades de fala e limitação de alguns movimentos. O tratamento ortodôntico foi realizado em duas etapas, ambas associadas à intervenção multidisciplinar: 1) tratamento interceptivo – dentição mista, com aparelhos removíveis e aparelho extrabucal; e 2) tratamento corretivo – dentição permanente, com aparelho fixo. RESULTADOS: As terapias realizadas foram adequadas às limitações apresentadas pelo caso. Os resultados demonstraram diminuição na convexidade do perfil tegumentar, oclusão adequada e funcional, e melhora da estética facial, propiciando melhor qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Para atingir os objetivos nesses pacientes é necessário maior precisão nos procedimentos, procurando reduzir o tempo total do tratamento proposto.
Tratamento da má oclusão esquelética de Classe III: da infância até o fim da adolescência
Authors: Romano Fábio Lourenço , Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo foi relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com má oclusão esquelética de Classe III que iniciou o tratamento aos 6 anos de idade, foi acompanhada durante todo o período de crescimento e a correção foi finalizada aos 17 anos de idade. Inicialmente, a paciente foi submetida à expansão rápida da maxila (ERM), protração maxilar, com máscara facial de Petit, e aparelho impedidor para o hábito de sucção de polegar. Após o tratamento interceptativo, a paciente foi acompanhada até o fim do crescimento. Aos 16 anos de idade, foi submetida ao tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, com a finalidade de camuflar a má oclusão esquelética de Classe III e alcançar os objetivos oclusais ideais. Após um ano de tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, a paciente apresentou Classe I de molares e caninos, corretos overjet e sobremordida e adequada intercuspidação, além de estética facial satisfatória.
Uma entrevista com Fernanda Boos Lima
Authors: Lima Fernanda Boos , Ribeiro Jonathan
Published: September 2020

O Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial entrevista, nesta edição da Revista, a Dra. Fernanda Brasil Daura Jorge Boos Lima, Membro Efetivo do CBCTBMF e Professora Adjunta da Área de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, Departamento de Clínica, Patologia e Cirurgia Odontológicas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), sobre o trabalho de Análise do Mercado de Trabalho para Cirurgiões Bucomaxilofaciais no Brasil.
Ameloblastoma desmoplásico em mandíbula: relato de caso
Authors: Barros Maylson Nogueira , Teslenco Vitor Bruno , Marques Diogo Henrique , Cavalcanti Herbert de Abreu , Reis Guilherme Nucci , Pancini Everton Floriano
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Os ameloblastomas são tumores benignos de origem de epitélio odontogênico. Eles acontecem em três diferentes situações e se apresentam com aspectos clínicos e radiográficos distintos, separados devido às considerações histológicas, terapêuticas e aos prognósticos diferentes: convencional, unicístico e periférico (extraósseo). O ame- loblastoma convencional apresenta alguns subtipos microscópicos nos quais o tipo folicular e plexiforme são mais comumente encontrados; outros, menos comuns, são os de células basais, desmoplásico, acantomatoso e de células granulares. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de caso de tratamento de um ameloblastoma desmoplásico em mandíbula. Relato de caso: Paciente leucoderma, 36 anos de idade, com queixa de aumento de volume mandibular direito, dor espontânea e dormência na região do lábio inferior. O tratamento proposto foi duas enucleações e curetagens associadas a osteotomia periférica. Durante acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico, observou-se neoformação óssea após as abordagens. O tratamento conservador proposto evitou uma abordagem mais invasiva/radical, prevenindo mutilações e sequelas. Conclusão: Foi constatado êxito até a finalização desse artigo, devido ao fato de a paciente apresentar-se assintomática, com um acompanhamento clínico e tomográfico de seis anos.
Análisis de expansión de una microrred en una zona no interconectada
Authors: Bueno Lopez Maximiliano , González Cely Daniel Nicolás , Muñoz Rincón Alejandro
Published: September 2020

Contexto: La utilizacion de microrredes en zonas no interconectadas se ha convertido en la unica alternativa que tiene las personas que habitan estas regiones para acceder al servicio de energía eléctrica. Debido a esto se hace necesariooptimizar la utilización de estos sistemas y en caso que sea posible expandir las ya existentes para aumentar la cobertura y de esta manera apoyar el cumplimiento del objetivo de desarrollo sostenible numero 7 planteado por las naciones unidas: Energía asequible y no contaminante.

Metodología: En este artículo se presenta dos casos de expansión para una microrred basada en un sistema de generación fotovoltaica que se encuentra en una zona no interconectada de Colombia. Se realiza el análisis de generación eléctrica del sistema mediante Matlab/Simulink y el análisis de pequeña señal para verificar la estabilidad es ejecutado a través de Neplan. Con base en lo anterior se logra establecer una metodología que permite definir la capacidad de expansión de una microrred.  

Resultados: A partir del análisis de estabilidad de pequeña señal realizado en Neplan se obtiene los valores propios del sistema, tanto de la microrred actual como de los dos casos de expansión, esto con el fin de garantizar la estabilidad en la microrred ante tres escenarios diferentes; cargas no lineales, aumento de potencia demandada y generada.

Conclusiones:

En los sistemas de generación solar fotovoltaica ubicados en zonas no interconectadas y operando en modo isla los inversores influyen en la estabilidad de frecuencia considerablemente, debido a que la reducida inercia en estos sistemas conduce a una variación más rápida de este parámetro. Es por esto por lo que el análisis de estabilidad de pequeña señal es el método indicado para estudiar el comportamiento de microrredes ante variaciones de potencia demanda y generada, particularmente en los sistemas que operan en las zonas no interconectadas, porque ante pequeñas perturbaciones es posible identificar los cambios en la dinámica del sistema.