bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An approach of estimating school enrolment with Reconstructive Cohort Approach
Authors: Pajankar Vishal D , Srivastava Sridhar
Published: November 2019

Policy makers and planners require enrolment data for undertaking an exercise of future planning in respect of educational development. The enrolment projection is an important planning tool to assist in long-range planning and developing action-plans related to resource allocation and system capacity. Various statistical and mathematical models or methods are discussed in past literature and articles which have some prior condition about certain parameters. Accuracy in data is another crucial aspect during the estimation. Reconstructive Cohort could be one such best approach which may be used to estimate the school enrolment figures for the next ‘n’ period. It does not require particular prior information other than repetition rate and transition rate. Enrolment is a function of population. So, the estimation of the age-appropriate population of school-entry age i.e. age 6 years (in India) and conversion of population age-groups data into school fitted age-groups data is required. In this paper, we discussed how Reconstructive Cohort Approach is applicable in certain situation and process of estimating school enrolment of India for the next decade along with other parameters.
A stochastic model for relative risk estimation of leptospirosis in Malaysia
Authors: Ideris Sufi Hafawati , Malim Muhammad Rozi , Shaadan Norshahida
Published: November 2019

The relative risk of a disease is the observed probability that a member of an exposed group will develop the disease relative to the expected probability that a member of a susceptible group will develop the same disease. The estimation of relative risk is important for disease mapping; it is a method used to illustrate the geographical distribution of a disease occurrence for identifying areas that need more attention. Better estimates of risk would subsequently produce more accurate maps of disease risk. The study on relative risk estimation of leptospirosis in Malaysia is very scarce. Most of the related studies involved only the demographic of the disease. Furthermore, most of the mathematical modelling and statistical analyses used for disease transmission models have been deterministic; do not consider the potential of random effects. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose a discrete-time discrete-space stochastic model for relative risk estimation of leptospirosis in Malaysia based on a SIR-SI transmission model. The proposed model was demonstrated using Malaysia leptospirosis dataset (2012-2016) to estimate and analyse the expected relative risks of leptospirosis for all states. The results showed that the averages of estimated relative risks are between 0.340 and 2.898. Kelantan and Terengganu are the two most vulnerable states of leptospirosis for every epidemiology year from 2012 to 2016.
Application of Rasch rating scale model in calibrating youth adversities in Malaysia
Authors: Effendi Mohd , Matore Ewan Mohd
Published: November 2019

The traditional statistical summation of Likert scale is based on the a priori assumption that all of the items are of equal difficulty and that the thresholds between steps are of equal distance or equal value. The Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) emphasize that not only each item have a difficulty estimate, but the rating scale has a series of thresholds to show the progression of the scale used compared to dichotomous data. In order to check the quality of the adapted items based on Malaysian Youth Challenges and also how functions the RSM in calibrating the adversities among youth. The research aimed to investigate the reliability and separation index of adapted items developed and calibrating the main adversities among youth. A set of items in online survey questionnaires with a four-point Likert scale were administered to 500 youth that categorized into early, mid and end youth from five different zones using convenience sampling technique. The data of the questionnaire were analysed using RSM. The items with -0.09 logit from the data set (second quartile or 50 percent), and above are considering as hard to endorse by youth. The findings revealed that all items have good reliability and separation index. The most dominant challenge for all age categories of youth is the economy and the least dominant is technology. The results exposed the potential of logit on the RSM is useful to help organize the adversities. The logit served to convert the ordinal to the interval type of data. The research was contributed to the applications of modern psychometric theory. This information is valuable to redesign the content of the self-development for youth self-development programs, especially to face adversities in their life.
The Log Beta Generalized Weibull Regression Model for Lifetime Data
Authors: Chanasriphum N , Seenoi P , Srisodaphol W
Published: November 2019

A log beta generalized Weibull regression model was proposed by modification from beta generalized Weibull distribution. To predict the survival time, the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate parameters in the proposed regression model and then, the proposed regression model was applied with lifetime data. The Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and likelihood ratio statistic are criterion to compare the performance of the proposed regression model with sub models which are log beta Weibull regression model, log generalized Weibull regression and log Weibull regression model. The result showed that the proposed regression model performed better than the sub models.
Comparison on the Performance of Several Outlier Detection Methods in Univariate Circular Wrapped Normal Sample
Authors: Zulkipli Nur Syahirah , Rambli Adzhar
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on detecting a single outlier in circular data generated from a wrapped normal (WN) distribution. The discordancy tests of M, A and G
1 statistics are used to detect single outlier in simulated data generated from wrapped normal distribution. The purpose of this study is to make a comparison on the performance of these statistics via Monte Carlo simulation by obtaining the proportion of correct outlier detection for each statistic. In this study, Splus-language and R-language programming are used to carry out the simulation study. The power performance of these statistics have been investigated and the result revealed that these statistics performed better as the increment in contamination value, λ and the value of concentration parameter, ρ gets larger and close to 1 in the case of small and large sample size, n. In general, the A statistic is found to be outperformed the M and G
1statistics in all cases. As an illustration, a practical example is included in this study by using the Kuantan wind direction dataset.
The productiveness of Bootstrap simulator in evaluating the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw
Authors: Chuan Zun Liang , Mohd Noh Muhamad Husnain , Mohd Romlay Mohd Akramin , Chuan Mu Wen
Published: November 2019

Ball screw is an essential mechanical component of computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine, which the positioning accuracy of ball screw is highly associated with lead angle accuracy and axial clearance. In particular, the inaccuracy of lead angle and axial clearance of ball screw can be massively affected the inaccuracy of positioning, leading to the degraded quality of manufactured products. Therefore, a reliable and productive measurement system analysis is indeed in monitoring the accuracy parameters of the ball screw. The main objective of this study is to propose using the Bootstrap simulator in monitoring the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw, with the abstraction of cost and time. The accuracy parameters of the measurement system are including stability, bias and linearity. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that the Bootstrap simulator is more productive in monitoring the accuracy parameters of measurement system for ball screw compared to the Monte Carlo simulator. This is due to the Bootstrap simulator can be yielded a lower uncertainty of simulation compared to the Monte Carlo simulator. Furthermore, the Bootstrap simulator is also more advantages compared to the Monte Carlo simulator as this simulator can be carried out with small sample size of measurement data.
Modelling and forecasting S&P 500 stock prices using hybrid Arima-Garch Model
Authors: Mustapa Farah Hayati , Ismail Mohd Tahir
Published: November 2019

The S&P 500 is a bellwether and leading indicator for the economy as well as the default vehicle for passive investors who want exposure to the U.S. economy via index funds. Since 1957, the S&P 500 has performed amazingly, outpacing other leading asset classes such as bonds or commodities. This study seeks to develop an appropriate ARIMA model that best fit the monthly stock price of S&P 500 for a period of 17 years, 2001–2017, thus make a short-term forecast in a way to give an overview and help the investor or portfolio manager in decision making. EViews software was used to run the analysis of the data. Our analysis involved 2-step procedure, which were identifying ARIMA model then fitting GARCH (1,1) into the model. As a result, ARIMA (2,1,2)-GARCH (1,1) model was found to be the best model for forecasting the S&P500 stock prices. The research findings indicate that a dynamic forecast gave a better result compared to a static forecast.
Lipid profile of type 2 diabetics in Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sami W , Hamid M R Ab
Published: November 2019

This research evaluated the lipid profile of type 2 diabetics in Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia. There is scarcity of literature about the assessment of lipid profile of type 2 diabetics in Saudi Arabia with very few studies addressing this issue. The data was collected from 350 diabetic patients visiting the primary healthcare centres in Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire comprised of socio-demographic and clinical data information. Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect the data from available sample frame of type 2 diabetics. The median age of the patients was 45 (40 – 51) years. Majority of the patients were males as compared to females (57.7% vs 42.3%). A significant dyslipidaemia was observed in diabetics. Patients had significantly high LDL, and TG level (p < 0.001) respectively. HDL-C of males was significantly high, whereas, for females, it was at borderline (p < 0.001) respectively. However, TC was not statistically significant (p = 0.405). The prime focus when treating diabetics is to introduce preventive and therapeutic lifestyle changes measures into a comprehensive treatment programme. The treating doctor must keep an eye on the lipid profile of diabetics that can be useful for the patients to reduce the morbidity from macrovascular complications.
Comparison study between POFA and POCP in terms of chemical composition and physical properties-Review paper
Authors: Hamada H M. , Yahaya F , Muthusamy K , Humada A
Published: November 2019

High volume waste from agriculture industry can be utilized in concrete production instead of causing environmental problems. Palm oil fuel ash POFA and palm oil clinker powder POCP are two agricultural wastes resulted from palm oil industry. The high content of silica oxide SiO2 in the POFA and POCP are responsible for pozzolanic reaction required to improve the hydration products in the concrete mixture. However, both of POFA and POCP can be used as greener cement due to the small particle size and high surface area required to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. In addition to reduce the environmental problems due to accumulate the agriculture waste in landfills and open area.
Processing technology POME-pond in Indonesia: A mini review
Authors: Leela D , Nur S M.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of POME-Pond technology in Indonesia and its utilization for sustainable waste management. Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil. Liquid waste in the form of POME produced is a waste that is highly polluting the environment and can be a major problem for the surrounding environment if not treated properly before disposal in accordance with standard waste quality standards. Driven by the need to find renewable energy sources, many technologies are being developed to process POME into biofuels. To further develop this technology, it is important to understand the stage of development of POME processing technology and the challenges that must be handled currently.
Irrigation volume calculation based on soil wetting pattern in trickle irrigation
Authors: Murtiningrum  , Ngadisih  , Rizqi F A , Ulumuddin M I
Published: November 2019

The application trickle irrigation system is getting more intensive in Indonesia due to its high efficiency in recent time when water becomes increasing scarcely. The objective of this paper was to draw wetting pattern and to calculate the irrigation volume of trickle irrigation. Soil wetting pattern was observed by taking picture and measure the depth and width of water movement. Moisture content was measured using 26 sensors scattered in the observed soil column. Irrigation volume was calculated based on wetting pattern which containing soil moisture information. Soil texture used in this research was sandy clay soil with bulk density, particle density, and porosity were 1.3 gr/cm3, 2.41 gr/cm3, and 15.47% volume-based respectively. Research results showed that 25,56 cm3/minute irrigation discharge produced wetting pattern with dominant horizontal water movement. The 90-minute operation of trickle irrigation provide 3711 cm3 water in soil column.
Evaluation the potential of indigenous biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum and its interactive effect with nanosized ZnO particles against the sunflower damping-off pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Lahuf A A , Kareem A A , Al-Sweedi T M , Alfarttoosi H A
Published: November 2019

Rhizoctonia solani is a phytopathogenic fungus affecting a wide range of plants hosts including the sunflower causing various diseases such as damping-off. Current management approaches of this pathogen are inadequate. Aim of this study was to assess the potential of eco-friendly control methods, the indigenous biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum and ZnO nanoparticles for controlling of the sunflower damping-off pathogen, R. solani. The biocontrol agent T. harzianum showed a high antagonism effect on R. solani growth. Additionally, growth of R. solani was significantly (p = 0.01) reduced gradually by presence of various concentrations of the ZnO NPs indicating to concentration-dependent toxicity effect. However, a similar impact was also observed on growth of T. harzianum. On the other hand, the percentage of seed germination and stem length of sunflower (Coban cv.) did not affect significantly by ZnO NPs. Conversely, the root lengths were significantly decreased. In the horticultural canopy trial, the best reduction to the sunflower damping-off incidence percentage was achieved by treatment of sunflower seedlings growing in compost inoculated with T. harzianum and R. solani 68.75% comparing to 100% in the control. In contrast, a significant reduction in severity percentage of damping-off symptoms was accomplished in most of the treatments. The best suppression was achieved in treatments of spraying the seedlings with ZnO NPs (15 mg/ml) in two days prior of planting that was 50% in compression with 97.50% in control. These findings can justify the application of the local biocontrol agent T. harzianum alone or in integration with ZnO NPs to be included with current management approaches of sunflower damping-off, which could lead to a diminution in the utilizing of fungicides.
Rapid and non-destructive detection of insect infestations on intact mango by means of near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sudarjat  , Kusumiyati  , Hasanuddin  , Munawar A A
Published: November 2019

Postharvest diseases due to insect infestations are the main critical problems in mango fruit. They reduce whole fruit quality and cause severe losses. Mango fruits are exposed to disease due to wounds that are infected by pathogens after harvest. Sometimes it is difficult to detect and determine those diseases in intact form. Therefore. the main aim of this present study is to rapidly detect postharvest disease on intact mango using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Diffuse reflectance spectrum of near infrared was acquired for a total of 40 intact mango samples (cv. Gadong) in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm with an average increment of 0.02 nm and 32 scans co-added per acquisition. Spectra data were enhanced using first derivative (D1) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) methods. Mango disorders due to postharvest diseases were detected by projecting spectra data onto principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that infected mangos can be detected and classified precisely with total explained variance of 99% from 2 principal components (PCs). Moreover, D1 and MSC enhanced spectra data were also generated precise classification results using 2 PCs. Thus, it may conclude that NIRS can be employed to rapidly detect infected diseases on intact mango fruits with excellent results.
Comparison of Gayo Arabica coffee taste sensory scoring system between Eckenrode and Fuzzy-Eckenrode methods
Authors: Fadhil R , Nurba D
Published: November 2019

Comparison of a decision appraisal system with a multi-criteria approach is currently highly developed, one of which is the Eckenrode and Fuzzy-Eckenrode methods. A method with the addition of valuation logic such as fuzzy is one alternative in making decisions. The purpose of this study is to compare the sensory scoring system of Gayo Arabica coffee taste using the Eckenrode and Fuzzy-Eckenrode methods. The material needed in this study was Gayo Arabica coffee obtained from farmers in Bener Meriah, Aceh Province of Indonesia and specially ordered with the best handling in the form of green beans at a moisture content of 12%. Coffee was roasted at a medium level and brewed using a Delonghi 35.11 semi-automatic machine made in China. Sensory assessment of the taste of Gayo Arabica coffee included Fragrance, Flavor, Acidity, Body, After-taste, Balance, and Sweetness with 15 panelists. The results showed that the Eckenrode and Fuzzy-Eckenroe methods differed slightly from the weighting calculation results for each criterion chosen by the respondents. However, the accuracy of the Fuzzy-Eckenrode method had a better weight value than the usual Eckenrode method in the sensory assessment of the taste of Gayo Arabica coffee. Sequentially the highest degrees of importance according to sensory assessments of Gayo Arabica coffee taste are Flavor, Sweetness, Balance, Fragrance, Acidity, After-taste and Body. Based on the analysis of the sensory assessment criteria of Gayo Arabica coffee taste, it showed that the Flavor criterion is the most important criteria compared to other criteria.
Performance of Corncobs and Wood Charcoal Briquette as Heat Energy Sources in In-Store Dryer
Authors: Nurba D , Yasar M , Mustaqimah  , Fadhil R , Sari S P , Mysa C V
Published: November 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of hot air drying in the In-Store Dryer (ISD) by means of corncobs and wood charcoal briquettes as heat sources. The carbonation and briquetting process are methods used to solidify corncobs biomass or wood charcoal to be used as fuel. The results showed that the heating value of wood charcoal briquettes is 7402 kJ/g from which providing air temperature ranging from 33.8 to 51.4°C, while corncobs briquettes with a heating value of 5551 kJ/g could store air with a temperature range of 27.7 - 48.8°C. Inlet air velocity of both tests reached in the range of 7.5 to 8.0 m/s while the outlet air ranges from 5.2 to 5.8 m/s. Air velocity affects the temperature and RH of the air within ISD. The performance of 5 kg wood charcoal briquettes and corncobs briquettes burning can last for 8.5-8.7 hours with an efficiency of 65% compared to pure wood charcoal. Wood charcoal briquettes could supply air with 5°C higher temperature than corncobs briquettes did, even though the overall resistance from combustion rate was not significantly different; 9.8 and 9.7 gram/minute for wood charcoal briquettes and corncobs briquettes respectively. Therefore, corncobs briquettes are potential to be used as fuels (briquettes) for ISD heat supply.
Study on biodegradable plastic from sago with addition of glycerol and serbitor
Authors: Amni C , Ismet  , Aprilia S , Mariana
Published: November 2019

The synthesis of biodegradable plastic film was carried out by using sago starch as main raw material, water as solvent, glycerol and sorbitol as plasticizer. Sago was selected as raw material for plastics not only because it’s cheap and easy to obtain, but also the utilization of sago is still very minimal. The research aimed to make the environmental friendly plastic, and to be better than the conventional ones. Parameters plasticizer of the research were glycerol and sorbitol by 7%, 8% and 9% weight of total mass, and the weight ratio of sago starch and water were 1:5, 1:7 and 1:9. The characteristics of plastic film that tested were the test mechanical of characteristic (tensile and elongation) by electronic system Universal Testing Machines, the water adsorption test in accordance with put the film in water for 24 hours, and biodegradability test by buring in the ground. The results showed that the highest tensile strength was 0.363 kgf/cm2 from concentration of sorbitol 7% and ratio of sago starch and water 1:5. The other way, the highest elongation percent result obtained was 125% from concentration of glycerol 9% with ratio of sago starch and water 1:9. The lowest water adsorption test obtained was 11,11% from concentration 7% glycerol with ratio of sago starch and water 1:7 and the degradable process was performed in 9-12 days.
Effect use of steel fiber on mechanical properties of concrete mixture
Authors: Hammood R A , Mohsin S M S
Published: November 2019

In this paper the influence of commercialize steel fiber with properties of hooked end with 60 mm length and 0.75 mm diameter on the mechanical properties of concrete with three varied volumes of steel fiber 0%, 1% and 2% by volume were added to concrete mixes have been investigated. The design compressive strength considered was 25 MPa. Cubes specimens of size 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm to test the compressive strength were prepared for the time of 7th and 28th day, and flexural specimens with 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm were prepared. In this study, after 28 days of curing, compressive and flexural strength were determined. The use of steel fiber has shown a significant change on the mechanical properties of the concrete, in particular the compressive and flexural strength with the increase of the volume fraction of steel fibers. The test results show that the use of steel fiber improves the compressive strength, moreover change the failure type to ductile failures.
Towards Aceh development revitalization based on ecological and biodiversity evidences: the two pieces of terrestrial and marine beyond the facts
Authors: Gumay D W , Radinal  , Kiswayadi D , Dirgantara R , Iriyani S , Rusli I
Published: November 2019

The development vision of Aceh Hebat is to accomplish the realization of a peaceful, prosperous Aceh, through a clean, fair, and functioning government. One of the efforts to achieve this mission is by the revitalization the regional planning function with effective, efficient, and sustainable principles of Evidence-based Planning. This study aims to provide information on the evidence of biodiversity and landscape of habitat that are traced for the period of 2013 to 2018. The method being used is Time-based Process mapping approach to shoe the condition of biodiversity evidence in five-year period. The results of this study indicate that in Aceh’s seascape there is an evidence of 285 species of marine species such as reef fish, sharks, and rays found in the area. Whereas, according to the IUCN Redlist, out of 285 species, 5 species are endangered (EN), 10 species are Vulnerable (VU), and 8 species of Near Threatened (NT). In addition, various key species such as sea turtles, dolphins, dugongs, and whales are also detected in areas recommended for further management and protection. In forest landscapes, biodiversity evidences found in ecological unit are including 38 species, consisting of felids, ungulates, primates, small carnivores, and apes.
Life cycle assessment on a small scale tofu industry in Baturetno village – Bantu District - Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawati S.D. , Supartono W. , Suyantohadi A.
Published: November 2019

Tofu is one of Indonesian traditional foods that is produced mostly by small medium scale industry. It is indicated by low production scale, inefficient in using production material and energy during the process. Baturetno village in Bantul district is center of tofu industries in Yogyakarta Province and is facing common problem such as lack of knowledge, inefficient using energy, using human labour, and no appropriate technology applied. This study is aimed to apply Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the process, waste and emission released to environment and is focused on Global Warming Potential (GWP). The LCA gate-to-gate was applied in a small-scale tofu industry, which had one worker, a production capacity 50 kg soybean/day, 6 working stations and used wood and electricity. For producing 1 kg fresh tofu it was needed energy from human, fuel, wood and electricity were needed for producing 1 kg fresh tofu 1.5269 MJ/kg and produced pollutant contributed as global warming potential of CO2, NOx, CO and CH4 totally 0.1766 kg CO2-equivalent.
Aceh tomato farmers and the application of tomato cultivation technology
Authors: Agussabti  , Rahmaddiansyah  , Afridila Suci
Published: November 2019

Tomatoes are one of the most widely cultivated agricultural products in Aceh Province and are one of the livelihoods of some farmers. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the latest tomato planting technology in the world and develop tomato planting techniques in Aceh. This study uses a quota sampling survey technique with 40 respondents and descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study indicate how to use technology for tomato cultivation in Aceh Province is still relatively simple. We found that tomato growers in Aceh are generally small scale. Their production level is low, their education level is low, selling prices fluctuate, and pest management uses chemicals. The application of tomato cultivation technology in Aceh Province is still lagging. The adoption of technologies such as greenhouses, trends in organic tomato production, the use of organic fertilizers, and the use of the latest agricultural tools and machinery do not yet exist. The active role and guidance of the government, non-governmental organizations and academics are essential in efforts to increase the adoption of technology for tomato farmers in Aceh.
The Effect of Non Genetic Factors on Milk Production in BBPTU HPT Baturraden Central Java
Authors: Santosa S A , Susanto A , Hindratiningrum N
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to identify non-genetic factors that influence milk production in dairy cows at the National Center Breeding for Dairy Cattle and Forage (BBPTU HPT) of Baturraden. The data examined were 1821 production records from 699 dairy cows that had completed 1-6 lactation. Non-genetic factors studied were season, lactation period, number of lactation days and age at calving. The effect of non-genetic factors is analyzed by multiple regression. The results showed that number of days milked had highly significant effect (P <0.01) and the age at calving had significant effect (P <0.10) on milk production. It is concluded that the number of days milked and age of animals at calving are important factors which need to be included in genetic analysis of milk production to avoid misleading conclusion when evaluating animals.
Impact of Liquid Fermeherbafit as Feed Additive to the Blood Hematological Profile and Lymphoid Organ of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Iriyanti N , Sufiriyanto  , Hartoyo B
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research was to evaluate the administration time of liquid fermeherbafit used in drinking water on blood hematological profiles and lymphoid organ of broiler chickens. 1,000 heads of broiler chicks 1-14 days old with prelium treatment, and 14 - 34 day-old as research treatment. Fed by BR 1 and BR2 feed of CP production. Fermeherbafit material consists of: 100% Curcuma domestica (turmeric), 100% Curcuma Xanthorrhiza R (Curcuma), 25% Allium sativum L (garlic), 50% Morinda citrifolia (Noni), 10% Moringa oleifera (Moringa leaf), 10% sugar, 8% (w/v) Probiotic LAB (Lactic acid bacteria). used complete random design (RAL), with 4 treatments with 50 chickens each of 5 replicates, the liquid Fermeherbafit as much as 4% (v/w) of the feed given to the four groups: R0 = as control, R1 = daily, R2 = every two days; R3 = every Monday and Thursday. The results of Blood haematological profiles and the lymphoid organ of broiler chickens showed no significance differences (P > 0.05). The average of blood haematological profileis leukocytes were 8,830±2.01 until 8.70 ± 1.87 (x 103/μl); Monocytes of 4.60 ± 1.82 to 7.00 ± 2.45%; Lymphocytes of 53.00 ± 11.92 to 57.20 ± 9.73%; Hb of 6.36 ± 0.37 to 7.38 ± 0.40 G/dL; Fabricius of 0.81 ± 0.06 to 1.00 ± 0.12%; Lymph of 0.12 ± 0.03 to 0.24 ± 0.16%; Thymus of 0.17 ± 0.05 to 0.20±0.05. it can be concluded that liquid fermeherbafit through drinking water at exact time daily, every two days and every Mondays-Thursdays are reviewed in the results of blood haematological profiles as well as Lymphoid organ of broiler chickens.
Effect of Liquid Probiotic Suplementation in Drink Water on Blood Cholesterol and Immune Response in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Tugiyanti E , Susanti E
Published: November 2019

The aim of this research was to understand the effect of liquid probiotic supplementation in drink water on blood cholesterol (HDL, LDL, Triglyceride) level, hemaglobin level (Hb), plasma hematocrit level and total of plasma protein (TPP) of quails. Prohibition of antibiotics in poultry, resulting in increased probiotic offers on the market. Each probiotic has an advantage in increasing productivity and immunity of quails. The research was conducted as an experimental research and used completely randomized design. Four treatments were done in this research, which was control (drink water without probiotic), drink water added by probiotics A (containing Lactobacillus sp., Rhodopseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Saccarhomyches sp.), probiotic B (containing Bacillus careus, Azotobacterpaspalii, Bacillus laterosporu, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus licheniformes, Bacillus pumilusCorynebacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescensSarcinalutea Staphylococcus epidermis Staphylococcus thermophyllus Lactobacillus sp. Saccharomyces cerevisceae and Phicia anomola) and probiotic C (containing Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevisceae, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Molases, water). The obtained all data were then analyzed by analysis of variance and if the result showed a significant effect, further analysis will be done by honestly significant difference test. The analysis of variance showed that variety of fluid probiotic supplementation in drink water showed had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the on blood cholesterol, HDL level, LDL level, triglyceride, but had significant effect (P<0.05) on Hb, plasma hematocrit and TPP level. The research concluded that liquid probiotics supplementation in drink water will increase immune response but not able to reduce blood cholesterol of quails.
Level of Biosecurity Adoption Practices in Beef Cattle Farmers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari V S , Sirajuddin S N , Saleh I M , Prahesti K I
Published: November 2019

The aim of the this study was to determine the level of adoption of a range of standard biosecurity practices in beef cattle farmers in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Data were collected from 45 beef cattle farmers through observation and in-depth interview by using questionnaire. There was 26 questions which consisted of biosecurity practices: sanitation, isolation and traffic control. Data were analyzed descriptively using mean and percentage. The results showed that a level of partial adoption of biosecurity had been achieved by the beef cattle farmers. The implication is that beef cattle farmers could be motivated to enhance their level of biosecurity practices.
Technical and Economic Value of the Use Ration for Male Fattening Bali Cattle Farmers Patterns with Supplementation Complete Feed Containing Silage Banana Stems
Authors: Fattah S , Lestari G A Y , Sabtu B , Sobang Y U L , Maranata G , Samba F D
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this experimental was to determine the effect of giving complete feed containing silage of banana stems with different levels of feed conversion, efficiency of ration usage, production costs and profits from fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern. Experimental animals employed in this research were 12 heads of growing male Bali cattle of 1 to 1.5 years old with the body weight ranging from 111 to136 kg, with an average of 120.79 kg and coefficient variation (CV) 5.23%, were employed. The experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications: T0: local feeds (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed without banana stem silage, T1: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed containing 10% silage of banana stems, T2: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg complete feed containing 20% banana stem silage, T3: (commonly used by farmers) + 1 kg of complete feed containing 30% silage of banana stems. Data collected was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the effect of treatments was not significantly (P>0.05) on feed conversion, efficiency of ration usage, and profits from, but significantly (P<0.05) to production costs fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern. The conclusion of this study is the provision of complete feed containing silage of banana stems with different levels giving the same effect between treatments on feed conversion, efficiency of ration use and profits, but it has an influence on the production costs of fattening Bali cattle farmers pattern.
Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations of Growth Traits in Bali Cattle Breeding Population
Authors: Setiaji R , Prastowo S , Prasetiyo D , Widyas N
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations of growth traits as selection criteria in Bali cattle test center populations at Pulukan Breeding Center Denpasar, Bali. In total 160 records were obtained from calves which born between 2013 until 2016. Data collected were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), mature weight (MW) and pedigree. Data were then standardized to weaning weight at 205 days (WW205), yearling weight at 365 days (YW365) and mature weight at 730 days (MW730). The data obtained were then analyzed using univariate and bivariate animal models with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. Heritability values (h2) were 0.43 ± 0.12, 0.22 ± 0.12, 0.39 ± 0.15, 0.63 ± 0.18 for BW, WW205, YW365 and MW730 respectively. Phenotypic correlations among variables were vary from low to medium; which were 0.16 for BW - WW205, 0.11 for BW - YW365, 0.34 for BW - MW730, 0.61 for WW205 - YW365, 0.25 for WW205 - MW730 and 0.31 for YW365 x MW730. However, the genetic correlation among growth traits were considerably high: BW - WW205 0.53, BW - YW365 0.76, BW - MW730 0.47, WW205 - YW365 0.70, WW205 - MW730 0.48, YW365 - MW730 0.64. Heritability of Bali cattle growth traits are categorized as moderate to high, thus selection on these traits are potential to obtain genetic improvement in the population. Phenotypic correlations among traits were considerably low, whereas the genetic correlations spanned between medium to high. These findings implied that other than genetic, improving the farm environment and management could also affect the growth performance of Bali cattle.
Conception Rate of 11 Months Old Dairy Heifer Following Artificial Insemination with Natural Estrus and PGF2α Treatment
Authors: Suyadi  , Susilorini T E
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the conception rate of 11-months old dairy heifer following artificial insemination with natural estrus or treated with PGF2α at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan. A case study was applied in this study involving all data of 700 records for date of birth, body weight and reproduction status. Sample was selected according the complete records with criteria of age was 11±3 months, body weight >300kg, having normal reproduction organs detected by rectal palpation. The results showed that from observation of selected 300 samples out of 700 heifers, 25 heifers of them were natural estrus (Control), 50 estrus after single PGF2α injection (PG), 95 following single PGF2α and left to normal estrus after 21 days (PG-N), 50 after double PGF2α (2PG), and the rest of 80 heifers showed estrus following double PGF2α – Natural estrus (2PG-N) with the conception rate (CR) of 17/25(68%), 44/50(88%), 42/50(84%), for the respective groups. None of heifers in PG-N and 2PG-N groups became pregnant after first insemination. The body weight (BW) was classified into Low (336-347kg), Medium (348-359kg) and High (360-372kg). The total conception rate was 34%. The CR for Low, Medium and High BW were 41%, 32% and 31%, respectively. The conclusion, the 11-months old heifer was possible to become normal pregnant following insemination without and with PGF2α injection when reached body weight over 300 kg. To ensure the higher number animal exhibiting estrus, double PGF2α injections should be applied.
The Effects of Sperm Number and Insemination Interval on the Fertility and Hatchability of Sentul Hens
Authors: Saleh D M , Mugiyono S , Sumaryadi M Y , Nugroho A P
Published: November 2019

Sexually mature Indonesian native hens (Sentul hens) were housed singly in laying cages and artificially inseminated with combination of three different levels of diluted pooled semen (50 million sperm/0.05 ml; 100 million sperm/0.1 ml; and 150 million sperm/0.15 ml) and at either of three different intervals (every 3, 6 and 9 days). The results show that the sperm number and Insemination intervals had no significant interaction (P>0.05) on % fertility and hatchability. The best fertility around 90 %; P<0.05 was obtained by inseminating interval 6 days with sperm number 100 million/0.1 ml of diluted semen.
The Level of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. mott) To Substitute Indigenous Forage for Goat Feed in Limestone Mountain
Authors: Sarwanto D , Tuswati S E , Sulistyaningtyas
Published: November 2019

This research aimed to investigaton on the level of supplementation of dwarf elephant grass that was introduced ex-limestone mining open area as to substitute indigenous forage for goat feed in limestone mountain.The method used in vivo experimental research was conducted in a completely randomized design. Sixteen local male goats in a limestone mountain weighed 24.8 kg ± 1.66 were allotted to four treatments with different level of dwarf elephant grass to subtitute indigenous forage 0, 25. 50 and 75%each with four replicates. The measured parameters were feed intake and body weight gain. The research was conducted in a limestone mountain in Gombong, Central Java Indonesia.The result showed that substituting indigenous forage with dwarf elephant grass up to 75% produced non-significantly different (P>0.05) feed intake and body weight gain of goats. The research concluded that dwarf elephant grass can to subtitute indigenous forage for goat feed, however it is recommended to substitute indigenous forage with up to 25% dwarf elephant grass to obtain an optimal weight gain to goats in limestone mountain.
Amino Acids Profile of the Indonesian Endogenous Meats Antioxidant Peptides
Authors: Susanto E , Badriyah N , Rosyidi D
Published: November 2019

This study conducted to characterization amino acids of the antioxidant bioactive peptides from Indonesian endogenous meats among them “ongole cross breed” beef, “Kacang” goat meat, “Mojosari” duck meat and native chicken meat. The research was conducted in the Lamongan district of East Java. The method was laboratory exploration. The variables observed included antioxidant activity, crude protein and amino acids profile with LC-MS/MS. The results of studies appears there are variation in antioxidant activity of various endogenous meats in Indonesia. The highest crude protein was obtained native chicken meat 23.88 ±0.65%. Futhermore the highest antioxidant activity was obtained “Kacang” goat meat 12.085±0.22 %. The amino acids profile also exhibit diversity with each other. Amino acids obtained are distributed evenly to the types of essential and non essential amino acids. Ongole cross breed beef content a better amino acids profile than others. The beef appears to have higher contents of leucine, lysine and arginine of essential category.
Etiology and Antimicroba Susceptibility of Udder Pathogens from Cases of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Ettawa Crosbread Goat (PE) in Kulonprogo Yogyakarta
Authors: Suwito W , Nugroho W S , Andriani
Published: November 2019

Subclinical mastitis in Ettawa crosbreeds (PE) is an inflammatory disease that no clinical symptoms, but there is an increase the number of somatic cells and causes decrease milk production which economically detrimental. The aim of these study was to isolation of bacteria that causing subclinical mastitis in PE goats and their susceptibility with antimicrobial. A total of 37 PE goats from 5 farms in Kulonprogo were tested by California Mastitis Test (CMT). PE goats were said subclinical mastitis if the CMT test positive (++) or (++). Isolation and identification bacteria from PE goat subclinical mastitis by bacteriological analytical manual. Coagulase test with tube coagulation and antimicroba susceptibility with agar diffusion. Subclinical mastitis in PE goats at Kulonprogo farm is 10/37 (27%) which caused by S. intermedius positive coagulase 4/4 (100%), S. aureus negative coagulase 7/10 (70%), S. aureus positive coagulase 3/10 (30%), and E. coli 1/10 (10%). S. intermedius positive coagulase was resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole 2/4 (50%) respectively. S. aureus negative coagulase was resistant to ampicillin 2/7 (28.6%), penicillin 1/7 (14.3%), and sulfamethoxazole 1/7 (14.3%). S. aureus positive coagulase was resistant to ampicillin 1/3 (33.3%), penicillin 3/3 (100%), sulfametoxazole 2/3 (66.7%), and tetracycline group 1/3 (33.3%). Subclinical mastitis PE goats in Kulonprogo was caused by S. intermedius positive coagulase and S. aureus negative coagulase which resistant to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole.
The Power of Resources in Independent Livestock Farming Business in Malang District, Indonesia
Authors: Amam  , Fanani Z , Hartono B , Nugroho B A
Published: November 2019

Independent farmers principally provide all production inputs from their own capital and can liberally conveytheir products on the market. From the problems found in the real life, thus the purposes of this study are: 1) to assess the resources that can be accessed by independent broiler breeders, 2) to find the strength of independent broiler breeders’ resources that support business development.A total of 144 independent pattern broiler breeders are still running their livestock businesses in Malang Regency. Data were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) with SmartPLS 2.0 application. The results showed that: 1) independent broiler breeders have access to financial resources, technological resources, physical resources, economic resources, environmental resources, and social resources; and 2) financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental and social resources affect farmer human resources by 82.7%, while financial, technological, physical, economic, environmental, social, and HR resources have an influence on the development of chicken farming broiler at 16.3%. Economic resources have a direct and significant negative effect on the development of independent pattern broiler farming.
Influence of Soybean Groat Protected Used in The Consumption and Digestibility of Dry Matter, Organic Matter and Crude Protein on The Bligon Goats
Authors: Riyanto J , Sudibya  , Anhardhika S J
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of formaldehyde-protected soybean groat on the consumption and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein in Bligon Goat. The study used 15 head male Bligon Goats with an average body weight of 20 kg with 3 treatments and 5 groups arranged in a randomized block design (RBD). The diet consists of elephant grass (EG), basal concentrate (BC), soybean groat (SG) and soybean groat protected (SGP). Treatments include P0 = 30% EG + 70% BC, P1 = 30% EG+ 60% BC+ 10% SG and P2 = 30% EG + 60% BC + 10% SGP. The results showed that the consumption of dry matter and organic matter not significant, but highly significant on crude protein consumption. Consumption of crude protein in the treatment without the addition of soybean groat showed lower results than consumption of crude protein in feed containing soybean groat. Digestion of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein were not influenced by differences in feed treatment in Bligon Goats. Concluded that supplementation of soybean groats protected or not in the diet can increase the consumption of crude protein and produce the same consumption on parameters of dry matter and organic materials intake. Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein have the same digestibility of feed Bligon Goat.
The Effects of Functional Feed Additive Probiotic and Phytogenicin Rations on The Performance of Local Ducks
Authors: Daud M , Yaman M A , Zulfan
Published: November 2019

The research aims to study the use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic in rations on the performance of local duck.The study used 80heads local duck 8-16 weeks old grower phase. The study was conducted byexperimental method, using acompletely randomized design with 4 treatments of rations and 4 replications(5 ducks/pen).The with 4 treatment rations:R1 (basal diet/control), R2 (basal diet+ phytogenic0.4%); R3 (basal diet + probiotic 108 CFU); R4 (basal diet + phytogenic0.4% + probiotic 108 CFU).The observed variableswere:feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion, and mortality.Data was analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance then continued with Duncan test.The results showed that the use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic gave a positive response to the performance of local duck grower phase. The use of functional feed additive probiotic and phytogenic in ration significantly affect (P<0,05) feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight and ration conversion, but no significant affect on ration mortality. It was concluded that the use of functional feed additive phytogenicand probiotic could serve as a source of feed additive in local duck ration and able to increase performance of local duck.