bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance
Authors: Liu Xiaofan , Zhou Hong , Zhou Yilu , Wu Xiaojun , Zhao Yang , Lu Yang , Tan Weijun , Yuan Mingli , Ding Xuhong , Zou Jinjing , Li Ruiyun , Liu Hailing , Ewing Rob M. , Hu Yi , Nie Hanxiang , Wang Yihua
Published: April 2020

Background: COVID-19 is “public enemy number one” and has placed an enormous burden on health authorities across the world. Given the wide clinical spectrum of COVID-19, understanding the factors that can predict disease severity will be essential since this will help frontline clinical staff to stratify patients with increased confidence.Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic value of the temporal radiographic changes, and the relationship to disease severity and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 99 patients admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, with laboratory confirmed moderate or severe COVID-19. Temporal radiographic changes and viral clearance were explored using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Radiographic features from HRCT scans included ground-glass opacity, consolidation, air bronchogram, nodular opacities and pleural effusion. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10) (p=3.56×10-12), with more frequency of consolidation (p=0.025) and air bronchogram (p=7.50×10-6). The median values of days when the peak HRCT scores were reached in pneumonia or severe pneumonia patients were 12 vs. 14, respectively (p=0.048). Log-rank test and Spearman's Rank-Order correlation suggested temporal radiographic changes as a valuable predictor for viral clearance. In addition, follow up CT scans from 11 pneumonia patients showed full recovery.Conclusion: Given the values of HRCT scores for both disease severity and viral clearance, a standardised HRCT score system for COVID-19 is highly demanded.
Nontarget Metabolomics of Grape Seed Metabolites Produced by Various Scion–Rootstock Combinations
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Liu Huaifeng , Sun Junli , Yu Songlin , He Wang , Li Tianyuan , Baolong Zhao
Published: April 2020

The use of resistant rootstocks is an inevitable trend in the development and production of grapes (Vitis sp.). The present study analyzed differences in the metabolites in grape seeds of different rootstock combinations (1103P, 5C, SO4, 3309C, 140R, and control) grafted onto ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) wine grape (Vitis vinifera) scions (control, CS/CS, self-rooted grafting vines) using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nontargeted metabolomic techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal-partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 30 significant metabolites and 22 metabolic pathways in the seeds of CS that differed significantly from the control seeds. This study revealed that rootstocks influence metabolite concentrations and metabolic pathways (alanine–aspartate–glutamate pathway, arginine-proline pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle) in the scion onto which they are grafted. The rootstocks increased the concentration of delphinidin-3-(6-acetylglucoside), peonidin 3-(6-p-coumarylglucoside), L-threonine, and D-tartaric in CS seeds. Appropriate rootstock combinations can be used to improve the quality of grape seeds by changing the concentrations of amino acids, organic acids, polyphenols, and vitamin B. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting grape rootstocks and provides important insights for improving the quality of commercial products derived from grape seeds.
Genetic Diversity of Seashore Paspalum Revealed with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Shen Qing , Bian Hua , Wei Hai-yan , Liao Li , Wang Zhi-yong , Luo Xiao-yan , Ding Xi-peng , Chen Zhenbang , Raymer Paul
Published: April 2020

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) is an important warm-season turfgrass distributed in tropical and coastal areas. It has excellent resistance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, and low temperature. However, the research on genetic diversity of local P. vaginatum collections from China is limited. In this study, the genetic diversity among 58 P. vaginatum accessions from four different provinces in China and four cultivars were assessed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results indicated that a total of 45 alleles were detected by 19 polymorphic markers, with a range of 2 to 4 and an average of 2.4 alleles per marker. The genetic similarity coefficients between each pair of the 58 P. vaginatum accessions and four cultivars ranged from 0.51 to 1.00, with an average of 0.77. The range of variation of Shannon diversity index of each SSR marker was 0.047 to 1.075, with an average of 0.486. The polymorphic information content of each SSR marker varies from 0.016 to 0.577, with an average of 0.249. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 58 P. vaginatum accessions and four cultivars were divided into four groups. These results provide the theoretical basis for the genetic diversity assessments and molecular marker–assisted breeding of P. vaginatum species.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Acrobeloides saeedi Siddiqi, De Ley and Khan, 1992 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from India and comments on its status
Authors: Rana Aasha , Bhat Aashaq Hussain , Bhargava Suman , Chaubey Ashok Kumar , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: April 2020

Two cultured populations of Acrobeloides saeedi are described from India. Morphologically and morphometrically this material agrees with other species of the Maximus-group (A. bodenheimeri, A. longiuterus, and A. maximus), especially with A. longiuterus. However, molecular studies based on 18 S, 28 S and ITS rDNA confirmed the Indian material is well differentiated from all of these species. According to this, A. saeedi is considered a valid taxon distinguished mainly from A. bodenheimeri by having dextral female reproductive system (vs sinistral), from A. longiuterus by having larger females (1.03-1.57 vs 0.57-0.88 mm) and from A. maximus by having seta-like labial processes (vs absent) and males as frequent as females (vs males very infrequent). Molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed the present specimens to be conspecific to undescribed Acrobeloides sp. population from Iran, and hence, both regarded to be conspecific to each other. In addition, other similar species are revised: Acrobeloides ishraqi is considered new junior synonym of A. saeedi, Acrobeloides mushtaqi is considered new junior synonym of A. bodenheimeri, while Acrobeloides gossypia is also considered junior synonym of A. saeedi.
Evolusi Biologis dan Ancaman Kepunahan Manusia: Mempertemukan George L. Murphy dengan Film-Trilogi Planet of The Apes tentang Isu-Isu Kosmologi, Evolusi, dan Bioteknologi
Authors: Arulangi Ronald
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article discusses George L. Murphy’s argument that the development of science and technology in the early 21st Century challenges the relevance of core religious theories including theology of nature, theidea of the loving God, and humanitarian ethics. He proposes a theology of the Cross of Jesus Christ as a lens for responding to that challenge. Here Murphy’s theological perspective is put in dialogue with a perspective that departs from the trilogy films: “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes”, and “War for the Planet of Apes.” Employing Revised Correlational method, this article suggests a more optimistictheological reflection concerning cosmology, evolution, biotechnology, the future of humankind, and harmony.

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas argumen George L. Murphy yang menilai perkembangan sains dan teknologi di awal abad ke-21 menggugat relevansi dari teori-teori keagamaan yang inti, termasuk teologi tentang alam, gagasan tentang Tuhan yang pengasih, dan etika humanitarian. Murphy mengusulkan persepektif teologi Salib Yesus Kristus sebagai lensa untuk merespon gugatan tersebut. Dalam artikel ini, pandangan Murphy didialogkandengan pandangan yang ditarik dari trilogy film “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes”, dan “War for the Planet of Apes”. Menggunakan metode Korelasional yang Diperbarui, studi ini menghasilkan refleksi etis-teologis yang optimisik tentang kosmologi, evolusi, bioteknologi, masa depanmanusia, dan harmoni.
Resensi Buku: Liquid Ecclesiology—The Gospel and The Church
Authors: Hutabarat Haleluya Timbo
Published: April 2020

Abstrak

Latar belakang masalah buku ini adalah fenomena gereja yang kaku. Menggunakan metode etnography, buku ini merupakan sebuah bahan diskusi yang menarik tentang gereja, anak muda dan budayanya. Penulis menghubungkan budaya (populer), anak muda, dengan narasi Injil untuk menghasilkan apa itu gereja. Ia menawarkan eklesiologi gereja yang lebih cair, adaptif dan responsif terhadap akar-akar budaya sehari-hari yang dihidupi. Bagian-bagian setelahnya berisi diskusi tentang bentuk-bentuk praktis yang sangat memungkinkan dari konsep gereja yang cair. Akhirnya, anjuran sikap mental dan spiritual agar sebuah gereja tetap cair dan freshbagi komunitas di dalam dan di sekitarnya adalah keterbukaan. Buku memperkaya diskusi di ranah eklesiologi, liturgi, pembangunan jemaat, pastoral, budaya populer, dan intergenerasional.

 

Abstract

Rationale background of this book is the solid phenomenon of church. Using ethnography methods, this book is an interesting discussion about the church, young people and its culture. The author associate (popular) culture, young people, with gospel narratives to produce what the church is. He offers a more fluid, adaptive and responsive ecclesiology as the roots of everyday culture of church that is lived. This study also recommends the very practical forms of a liquid church. The final suggestion as a mental and spiritual attitude so that church remains liquid and fresh, is openness. This book shares a rich discourse in the field of ecclesiology, liturgy, church building, pastoral, popular culture, and intergenerational culture.
La industria lechera en los estados del norte, desarrollo y limitaciones
Authors: Del Valle Rivera M. del Carmen
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objeto presentar una caracterización del proceso de producción y consumo de leche y sus derivados, e identificar algunos problemas sobresalientes. Se tratará de plantear algunos aspectos relevantes de la expresión de dicho proceso en los estados fronterizos del norte del país. Esta problemática se centra en la insatisfacción del consumo; lo cual tiene su origen, por una parte en que la producción interna es deficitaria, por lo que las importaciones de este producto han aumentado de manera notable. En las ciudades fronterizas se presenta un volumen representativo de importaciones de alimento debido a la desarticulación de la zona con los centros productores, por no haber restricciones para su importación y por las ventajas en cuanto a calidad. Por otro lado, no se trata sólo de un problema de oferta, sino que el bajo consumo de este alimento está estrechamente relacionado con el ingreso de la población.
Mecanización agrícola, empleo y migración en el norte de Tamaulipas
Authors: Contreras Valenzuela José Luis
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el modelo de desarrollo agrícola recientemente adoptado en los distritos de riego del norte de Tamaulipas, y los efectos sobre el empleo y la migración de la población rural. Dicho análisis se efectuará a partir de dos premisas fundamentales: una de ellas es la internacionalización del proceso productivo que se manifiesta con la presencia de una nueva división internacional del trabajo y lo que en este ensayo es llamada economía campesina, que fue la fuente primaria de la acumulación de capital de la agricultura mexicana, la cual jugará un papel importante para la acumulación de capital de la agricultura de los Estados Unidos de América, mediante la oferta de fuerza de trabajo agrícola barata, permitiendo el desarrollo de la agricultura comercial, modelo que ahora se ha volcado sobre la economía campesina condenándola a su desaparición como forma de subsistencia de la población rural, a quien expulsa de sus unidades de producción mediante el acaparamiento y el rentismo.
Wybrane zagadnienia poprawy składu spalin emitowanych przez pojazdy samochodowe poprzez dobór struktury chemicznej paliw silnikowych
Authors: Kulczycki Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Artykuł przedstawia wybrane zagadnienia poprawy składu spalin emitowanych przez pojazdy samochodowe poprzez dobór struktury chemicznej paliw silnikowych. Skupiono się na najistotniejszych z punktu widzenia jakości powietrza w aglomeracjach miejskich zagadnieniach redukcji emisji NOx i PM przez środki transportu. Przybliżono mechanizm spalania, wprowadzając nowe teorie energetycznego opisu reakcji chemicznych, uwzględniające wpływ środowiska reakcji na jej przebieg. Sformułowano tezę, że określone cechy struktury chemicznej paliwa mają wpływ na dystrybucję energii w objętości komory spalania silników tłokowych i w konsekwencji na powstawanie niekorzystnych dla środowiska naturalnego składników spalin. Opierając się na tej teorii zinterpretowano wybrane wyniki badań spalania paliw mikroemulsyjnych oraz oleju roślinnego weryfikując wstępnie sformułowaną tezę.
Wpływ jakości olejów silnikowych na zanieczyszczenie powietrza atmosferycznego składnikami spalin emitowanymi przez pojazdy samochodowe
Authors: Kulczycki Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Artykuł porusza zagadnienia wpływu oleju silnikowego na wielkość emisji CO2 przez pojazdy samochodowe. Przedstawiono związki między smarowaniem silników, a zużyciem paliwa i emisją CO2. Skupiono się na analizie wpływu własności reologicznych oleju silnikowego w szerokim zakresie temperatury i ciśnienia na opory tarcia elementów silnika. Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania opracowanej wcześniej dla tarcia granicznego zależności do ilościowego opisu zmian lepkości oleju na skutek zmian temperatury i ciśnienia. Wskazano, że zastosowanie tej zależności umożliwi lepsze sterowanie własnościami reologicznymi olejów silnikowych, tak aby uzyskać w możliwie szerokim zakresie warunków pracy silników najmniejsze straty energii na pokonywanie oporów tarcia elementów silnika, a w konsekwencji zredukować zużycie paliwa i idącą za tym emisję CO2 do powietrza atmosferycznego.
The need for adequate argumentation for the protection of biotic community
Authors: Klimski Marcin
Published: April 2020

The changing state and quality of the environment is now taken for granted by communities living in many distant parts of the world. It is felt more and more intensely that disadvantageous interference in the natural environment will sooner or later have an impact on the biotic community, including humans themselves. However, the problem has not yet been so clearly accentuated, so as to prevent the effects, which often become irreversible. Environmental ethics is one of the scientific disciplines which has attempted to find proper arguments for the protection of the biotic community, as well as to enhance the feelings of responsibility and care for the socio-natural environment. Among the ethical ideas which are developed in this context, the holistic view presents the broadest scope of human moral responsibility for the natural world. Such an approach is considered to have originated in the writings of the American researcher, Aldo Leopold. His ideas and great determination have become well known to those who were not indifferent to the issues of respect for the environment and environmental protection. The article outlines the possibility to incorporate arguments based on the thought of Aldo Leopold, in the process of environmental education, whose aim is the protection of biotic community.
Ekofilozoficzne przesłanie encykliki Laudato si’
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech , Jaromi Stanisław , Karaczun Zbigniew , Łepko Zbigniew , Papuziński Andrzej , Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: April 2020

W encyklice Laudato si’ papież Franciszek podsumowuje bogaty dorobek swoich poprzedników zawarty w wypowiedziach na temat kwestii ekologicznej. Począwszy od Pawła VI kolejni papieże wielokrotnie odnosili się do tej kwestii, podnosząc ją w różnych kontekstach i aspektach. Stanowisko papieża Franciszka aktywnie włącza wspólnotę Kościoła katolickiego w główny nurt współczesnej debaty ekologicznej, wykazując pełną gotowość do najszerzej rozumianej współpracy w badaniach i działaniach inspirowanych troską o Ziemię – nasz wspólny dom. Możliwość takiej współpracy dostrzega papież w porozumieniu ze wszystkimi ludźmi dobrej woli, którzy podzielają znaczenie wskazanych w niniejszym opracowaniu zagadnień: idea zrównoważonego rozwoju, idea ekologii integralnej, problematyka bioetyczna, kwestia klimatyczna i kwestia eko-sprawiedliwości.
Resources within Spiritual and Mystical Christian Traditions for the Care of Earth – our Common Home
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: April 2020

Research on the ecological crisis has revealed its global and total character, which implies that any attempts at overcoming it must take into account a wide variety of perspectives. It is not surprising, therefore, that for several decades the study of the ecological crisis has been undertaken by philosophers and religologists who seek inspirations for ways to shape an environmentally friendly lifestyle in various religious traditions. Notwithstanding the prevailing stereotypes as regards Christianity and its allegedly anti-ecological attitudes, there are many indications that this rich religious tradition has a lot to offer in the battle against the environmental crisis. The aim of this study is to present four Christian models of human relations with nature, which confirm the great ecological potential of Christianity. Those include: 1) Celtic animate model; 2) Benedictine custodial model; 3) Nuptial model of Hildegard of Bingen; and 4) St. Francis' fraternal model.
Church’s Response to the Ecological Crisis in a Small Country – the Case of the Roman Catholic Church in Latvia
Authors: Felcis Weronika , Felcis Elgars
Published: April 2020

Due to historical and contextual factors explained in this article, the Latvian Roman Catholic Church currently does not play any significant role in environmental protection or ecological crisis awareness building in the country. However, being called by Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato si’, recently more of the reflection was given to the call for ecological conversion. Considering Church resources based on publicly available data, the authors describe the limitations and opportunities to strengthen the Church current response to the ecological crisis.
Variable Screening for Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Data Based on Ridge Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Zhao Naifei , Xu Qingsong , Tang Man-lai , Wang Hong
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objective:

Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy data are featured by few dozen to
many thousands of samples and highly correlated variables. Quantitative analysis of such data usually
requires a combination of analytical methods with variable selection or screening methods.
Commonly-used variable screening methods fail to recover the true model when (i) some of the
variables are highly correlated, and (ii) the sample size is less than the number of relevant variables.
In these cases, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression based approaches can be useful alternatives.

Materials and Methods :

In this research, a fast variable screening strategy, namely the
preconditioned screening for ridge partial least squares regression (PSRPLS), is proposed for
modelling NIR spectroscopy data with high-dimensional and highly correlated covariates. Under
rather mild assumptions, we prove that using Puffer transformation, the proposed approach
successfully transforms the problem of variable screening with highly correlated predictor
variables to that of weakly correlated covariates with less extra computational effort.

Results:

We show that our proposed method leads to theoretically consistent model selection
results. Four simulation studies and two real examples are then analyzed to illustrate the
effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Conclusion:

By introducing Puffer transformation, high correlation problem can be mitigated
using the PSRPLS procedure we construct. By employing RPLS regression to our approach, it can
be made more simple and computational efficient to cope with the situation where model size is
larger than the sample size while maintaining a high precision prediction.
Exosomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Have We Learned So Far?
Authors: Wang Haichao , Ye Chen , Wu Yaling , Yang Pengyu , Chen Chunqiu , Liu Zhanju , Wang Xiaolei
Published: April 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease.
Although the etiology is uncertain, there is marked disbalance of mucosal immune responses in part
shaped by genetic susceptibility and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Suppressing inflammatory activity
adequately and maintaining this suppression are the main goals of current therapies. However, corticosteroids
are only suitable for therapy of active disease, and the effects of immunosuppressive agents
are mainly limited to maintenance of remission. Biologics have become widely available and provide
therapeutic benefits to IBD patients. However, only a part of patients benefits from them. Thus, there
is an urgent need for the development of new substances in the therapy of IBD. Exosomes are nanosized
lipid vesicles identified recently. They are secreted from all living cells and then distributed in
various human body fluids. The components, such as microRNAs and functional proteins, secreted by
exosomes in different cells have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Therefore,
exosomes have the potential to become appealing particles in treating IBD as a cell-free therapeutic
approach as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring disease status. Further studies are needed
to investigate the practicality, safety and desirable effects of exosomes in clinical applications in IBD.
Exploring Molecular Approaches in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Drug Targets from Clinical and Pre-Clinical Findings
Authors: Alam Mamtaj , Yadav Rajeshwar K. , Minj Elizabeth , Tiwari Aarti , Mehan Sidharth
Published: April 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease (MND) characterized
by the death of upper and lower motor neurons (corticospinal tract) in the motor cortex, basal
ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord. The patient experiences the sign and symptoms between 55 to
75 years of age, which include impaired motor movement, difficulty in speaking and swallowing,
grip loss, muscle atrophy, spasticity, and sometimes associated with memory and cognitive impairments.
Median survival is 3 to 5 years after diagnosis and 5 to 10% of the patients live for more
than 10 years. The limited intervention of pharmacologically active compounds, that are used clinically,
is majorly associated with the narrow therapeutic index. Pre-clinically established experimental
models, where neurotoxin methyl mercury mimics the ALS like behavioural and neurochemical
alterations in rodents associated with neuronal mitochondrial dysfunctions and downregulation of
adenyl cyclase mediated cAMP/CREB, is the main pathological hallmark for the progression of
ALS in central as well in the peripheral nervous system. Despite the considerable investigation into
neuroprotection, it still constrains treatment choices to strong care and organization of ALS complications.
Therefore, this current review specially targeted the investigation of clinical and pre-clinical
features available for ALS to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to explore the pharmacological
interventions associated with the up-regulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase/cAMP/
CREB and activation of mitochondrial-ETC coenzyme-Q10 as a future drug target in the amelioration
of ALS mediated motor neuronal dysfunctions.
Drug Delivery Polymer Systems for Ophthalmic Administration of Anti- Viral Agents
Authors: Sarimsakov Abdushkur , Shukurov Akobirkhon , Yunusov Khaydar , Rashidova Sayora , Letfullin Renat
Published: April 2020

Background:

Ophthalmology applies many different ways of delivering effective drugs to
eye tissue for the prevention and treatment of diseases of various etiologies. The vast majority of ophthalmologists
use traditional instillation of drugs in an eye disease. However, this method has a number
of drawbacks, in particular, during instillation of drip forms of drugs, up to 80% of the drug is lost due
to withdrawal of its tear fluid and rapid absorption by the mucous membrane of the eyes, which necessitates
their frequent instillation to maintain the therapeutic concentration in the eyeball.

Objective:

The use of polymeric forms of bio soluble antiviral eye medicinal films of prolonged form
in ophthalmic practice would allow introducing the active substance less often while maintaining its
therapeutic concentration, reducing the dosage of the drug and the negative effect of frequent instillation.

Methods:

A method of obtaining polymeric forms of bio soluble nanostructured ophthalmic medicinal
films is based on a composition of water-soluble Na-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) with a degree
of substitution of 0.85 ± 2 and a polymerization degree of 630 ± 20 and a derivative of Nacarboxymethylcellulose
containing a chemically bound natural polyphenol-gossypol in an amount of
polymerization-630 ± 20 and a derivative of Na-carboxymethylcellulose containing chemically bound
natural polyphenol-gossypol in an amount of 0 mole% (sodium salt of 2,3-diethoxy – 6 – O – carboxymethyl-
(1 → 4) –β – D – ox glucose – oxy-hydroxyl – 2 – ethyl– (1 → 4) –β – D – ox glucose –
diethyl hydroxyl-poly –2 – O – carboxymethyl- (1 → 4) - β - D glucose –2.6 - O –dicarboxymethyl- (1
→ 4) –β – D glucose); this is the substance of the antiviral drug “CelAgrip”.

Result:

In this work the possibility of regulating the bio scission time and physicochemical parameters
of ocular medicinal films has been shown, by varying the degree of substitution and degree of polymerization
of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the pH of their aqueous solutions.

Conclusion:

The most promising in terms of the prolongation effect and the absence of an irritating
effect and transparency are films, obtained from solutions of the polymer-polymer composition of Na-
CMC - a “CelAgrip” substance of a spherical shape with embedded nanoparticles of size 14-52 nm and
a pH value of 7.6.
Temporal Trends in the Epidemiology of HIV in Turkey
Authors: Erdinc F.S. , Dokuzoguz B. , Unal S. , Komur S. , Inkaya A.C. , Inan D. , Karaoglan I. , Deveci A. , Celen M.K. , Kose S. , Erben N. , Senturk G.C. , Heper Y. , Kutlu S.S. , Hatipoglu C.A. , Sumer S. , Kandemir B. , Sirmatel F. , Bayindir Y. , Yilmaz E. , Ersoy Y. , Kazak E. , Yildirmak M.T. , Kayaaslan B. , Ozden K. , Sener A. , Kara A. , Gunal O. , Birengel S. , Akbulut A. , Yetkin F. , Cuvalci N.O. , Sargin F. , Pullukcu H. , Gökengin D. , Multicentric HIV Study Group
Published: April 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of HIV epidemiology in
Turkey from 2011 to 2016.

Method:

Thirty-four teams from 28 centers at 17 different cities participated in this retrospective study.
Participating centers were asked to complete a structured form containing questions about epidemiologic,
demographic and clinical characteristics of patients presented with new HIV diagnosis between 2011 and
2016. Demographic data from all centers (complete or partial) were included in the analyses. For the cascade
of care analysis, 15 centers that provided full data from 2011 to 2016 were included. Overall and annual
distributions of the data were calculated as percentages and the Chi square test was used to determine
temporal changes.

Results:

A total of 2,953 patients between 2011 and 2016 were included. Overall male to female ratio was
5:1 with a significant increase in the number of male cases from 2011 to 2016 (p<0.001). The highest
prevalence was among those aged 25-34 years followed by the 35-44 age bracket. The most common reason
for HIV testing was illness (35%). While the frequency of sex among men who have sex with men increased
from 16% to 30.6% (p<0.001) over the study period, heterosexual intercourse (53%) was found to
be the most common transmission route. Overall, 29% of the cases presented with a CD4 count of >500
cells/mm3 while 46.7% presented with a CD4 T cell count of <350 cells/mm3. Among newly diagnosed
cases, 79% were retained in care, and all such cases initiated ART with 73% achieving viral suppression
after six months of antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion:

The epidemiologic profile of HIV infected individuals is changing rapidly in Turkey with an
increasing trend in the number of newly diagnosed people disclosing themselves as MSM. New diagnoses
were mostly at a young age. The late diagnosis was found to be a challenging issue. Despite the unavailability
of data for the first 90, Turkey is close to the last two steps of 90-90-90 targets.
Bayesian Game Approach to Mitigate DoS Attack in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Anandaraj Ilavendhan , Krishnamurthy Saruladha
Published: April 2020

Background:

Trustful message transmission within the Vehicular ad-hoc Networks is
needed as traffic related safety applications needs successful and reliable delivery of messages. The
biggest issue is how only the trustworthy parties can be retained and the misbehaved are revoked.
From the background analysis, it gives a detailed view of various vulnerabilities in these networks
and the techniques used by the researchers to identify and mitigate the attack. Based on the drawbacks
observed in the literature the proposed Bayesian Game Mechanism has been designed.

Objective:

The major objective of this manuscript is to identify the Denial of Service Attack in Vehicular
Ad-hoc Networks as it depletes availability of the resources. This attack is identified using
Bayesian Game approach.

Methods:

The Bayesian game approach is used to identify the attack. It analyzes the behavior of
vehicles and classifies them into trustworthy or malicious.

Results:

The simulation is conducted using Network simulator 2.34 and the traffic model is designed
using by considering 100 nodes. From the results it is inferred that Packet drop ratio has been
improved by 9.82 % and the delay and throughput has been minimized, when the proposed mechanism
is used in the presence of attackers.

Conclusion:

This paper identifies Denial of Service attack as the most vulnerable attack in this network
and has designed game theoretic approach namely Bayesian approach for preventing this attack.
The proposed method has minimized the delay and packet drop and improved the throughput
when compared against the bench mark.
Association of Tooth Bleaching and Microabrasion as a Resolution of Intrinsic Staining by Fluorosis: A Case Report
Authors: Gonçalves Iana M.C. , Garcia Raíssa M. , de Souza Amanda G.C. , Secchieri Daniel M. , Cardelli Laís , Martins Luis R.M. , Lima Débora A.N.L.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Different treatment protocols for teeth affected by fluorosis have been applied.
Among them, microabrasion associated with tooth bleaching has presented satisfactory results
in the treatment of intrinsic and/or extrinsic staining.

Case Presentation:

A 22-year-old female patient attended the Dental Clinic of FOP/UNICAMP, reporting
dissatisfaction with her smile due to the presence of white striations contrasting with the yellowish
hue of the other teeth. Initially, the adequacy of the oral environment was performed by supragingival
scraping and prophylaxis. Due to the characteristics of the staining, fluorosis TF3, the
treatment plan consisted of teeth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, AutoMixx
35% FGM) and microabrasion (Whiteness RM, FGM).

Conclusion:

The association of tooth bleaching and microabrasion techniques provided the harmonization
of the smile and resolution of the clinical case of the main complaint.
THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE, DISCOUNT, AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS ON INTENTION TO USE GRAB APLICATION AND ITâ€™s IMPACT ON PURCHASE DECISION OF GRAB SERVICES
Authors: Ritonga Nursakinah , Astuti Endang Siti , - Sunarti
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze the influence of Perceived Ease of Use, Discount, Perceived UsefulnessÂ  on Intention to Use the Grab application and its impact on Grab service purchasing decisions. This study uses a quantitative approach using explanatory research. The population of this study is undergraduate students in business administration study programs for 2017 and 2018 Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. with a total of 734 people. To determine the sample of the population, researchers used the Yakane formula to obtain the number of respondents as many as 90 people. The sampling technique of this study is non probability Â sampling technique with the number of samples taken proportionally following the number of students in 2017 and 2018. The method of data collection used a questionnaire distributed to the respondent classes and calculatedÂ  using a Likert scale.Data analysis methods consist of test instruments, research requirements testing and hypothesis testing with path ananlysis by SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the Perceived Ease of Use, Discount, Perceived Usefulness has a positive and significant effect on the Intention to use Grab application. In addition the variable Perceived Ease of Use, Discount, Intention to Use Grab application also has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. While the Perceived Usefulness variable has a positive but not significant effect on Purchasing Decisions.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYEE'S SATISFACTION EDUCATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING (Study at PT Pupuk Kaltim Employees )
Authors: Pasaman Bakir Achmad , Nimran Umar , Raharjo Kusdi , Utami Hamidah Nayati
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze theinfluencetransformational leadership of organizational learning and job satisfaction of employees at PT.Pupuk Kaltim.This research was conducted by analyzing the influence of exogenous variables: Transformational Leadership (X1)and Information Technology (X2)with endogenous variables:EmployeeJobSatisfaction(Y2)and mediating variables: Organizational Learning (Z).To answer these objectives, this study usesexplanatory research methods.The population in this study were all employees of PT.Pupuk Kaltim with a total sample of 207 respondents.Data was obtained usingproportional stratified random samplingmethodand then the data was tested using the partial least square (PLS) statistical method.The results showed that, based on the7hypotheses tested, there were6(six) hypotheses that had a significant influence on the variables tested.In this studythere is one hypothesis that does not have a significant effect, namely the influence of Transformational Leadershipon Employee Job Satisfaction
Effects of Tinnitus Sound Therapy depending on Air- and Bone-Conduction Transducers
Authors: Jeong Seungyeop , Jin In-Ki
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine to compare the effects of sound therapy depending on air- and bone-conduction transducers (ACT and BCT). Methods: Participants were twenty adults who have diagnosed as subjective tinnitus in this study. All participants conducted a sound therapy using the level of mixing point for three months. Participants were randomly assigned to different groups, such as the ACT group, or BCT group. To identify the effects of sound therapy, Korean tinnitus primary function questionnaire (K-TPFQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were administered at pre- and post-treatment (3 months) sessions. Results: In a result of mixed model analysis of variance, all subcategories for VAS showed significant decrements of scores to the measurement session (pre- vs. post-session), but there was no different between groups. Also, the overall and all subcategories for K-TPFQ showed significant decrements of scores to the measurement session (prevs. post-session), but there was no different between groups. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the sound therapy using portable hearing devices with transducers is effective for subjective tinnitus sufferers. Because the transducer type does not significantly affect effectiveness of the sound therapy, therefore, audiologists or hearing professionals may recommend transducers, which the tinnitus sufferer prefers when they consider sound therapy.
Prediction of Software-Based Sentence-in-Noise Recognition Thresholds of Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Kim Gwang Min , Lee Jae Hee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Although hearing-impaired (HI) listeners often have difficulty understanding in noise as their primary complaints, the speech-in-noise intelligibility test is not conducted as a standard audiologic test battery. This study investigated whether the speech audiometry in quiet accurately reflects the sentence-in-noise intelligibility of HI listeners. Methods: Sixty-two HI listeners participated. All the HI listeners had symmetrical high-frequency hearing loss and bilaterally worn hearing aids. Twenty-five normal-hearing (NH) listeners also participated as a control group. The unaided word and sentence recognition scores (WRS and SRS) were obtained in quiet at individually determined most comfortable loudness level. With bilateral hearing aids, the aided WRS and SRS were evaluated at a normal conversational level. The software-based Korean Matrix sentence in noise test was administered at a fixed level (65 dB SPL) of noise while adjusting the sentence level adaptively based on the listener’s response. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required to achieve 50% intelligibility (speech recognition thresholds, SRTs) was obtained. Results: On average, the aided SRT of HI listeners was 0.1 dB SNR, and the mean SRT of NH adults was -8.91 dB SNR. The Matrix sentence-in-noise intelligibility was not sufficiently explained by the unaided WRS or unaided SRS. Conclusion: A traditional measure of the unaided speech-in-quiet recognition cannot accurately predict the aided speech-innoise intelligibility. Clinically, a software-based sentence-in-noise intelligibility test is recommended to directly confirm the actual benefits of hearing aid in noisy situations.
Mediation Effect of Suicide-Related Social Media Use Behaviors on the Association Between Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Liu Xingyun , Huang Jiasheng , Yu Nancy Xiaonan , Li Qing , Zhu Tingshao
Published: April 2020

Background

A limited number of studies have examined the differences in suicide-related social media use behaviors between suicide ideators and suicide attempters or have sought to elucidate how these social media usage behaviors contributed to the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt.

Objective

Suicide attempts can be acquired through suicide-related social media use behaviors. This study aimed to propose 3 suicide-related social media use behaviors (ie, attending to suicide information, commenting on or reposting suicide information, or talking about suicide) based on social cognitive theory, which proposes that successive processes governing behavior transition include attentional, retention, production, and motivational processes.

Methods

We aimed to examine the mediating role of suicide-related social media use behaviors in Chinese social media users with suicidal risks. A sample of 569 Chinese social media users with suicidal ideation completed measures on suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide-related social media use behaviors.

Results

The results demonstrated that suicide attempters showed a significantly higher level of suicidal ideation (t563.64=5.04; P<.001; two-tailed) and more suicide-related social media use behaviors, which included attending to suicide information (t567=1.94; P=.05; two-tailed), commenting on or reposting suicide information (t567=2.12; P=.03; two-tailed), or talking about suicide (t542.22=5.12; P<.001; two-tailed). Suicidal ideation also affected suicide attempts through the mediational chains.

Conclusions

Our findings thus support the social cognitive theory, and there are implications for population-based suicide prevention that can be achieved by identifying behavioral signals.
Sun Safe Partners Online: Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Manne Sharon , Buller David , Devine Katie , Heckman Carolyn , Pagoto Sherry , Frederick Sara , Mitarotondo Anna
Published: April 2020

Background

Harnessing supportive influences in close relationships is an innovative and potentially effective strategy to improve sun protection behaviors.

Objective

This pilot randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the feasibility and impact of Sun Safe Partners Online, a web-based, couples-focused intervention to improve sun protection behavior.

Methods

A total of 75 couples reporting suboptimal levels of sun protection recruited from Facebook advertisements were randomized to receive a web-based intervention called Sun Safe Partners Online or a Generic Online Sun Safety Information intervention. Sun Safe Partners Online had 4 individual-focused modules and 4 couples-focused modules. Feasibility was assessed by study enrollment, engagement, follow-up survey completion, and intervention evaluation. Participants completed baseline and a 1-month postintervention survey assessing sun protection and exposure, along with individual and relationship attitudes about the importance of sun protection.

Results

Using Facebook as a recruitment strategy resulted in rapid enrollment and higher acceptance than for the prior telephone and print trial. The follow-up survey completion was higher in the Generic Online condition (100%) than in the Sun Safe Partners Online condition (87.2%). Engagement in Sun Safe Partners Online was high, with more than two-thirds of participants completing all modules. Evaluations of Sun Safe Partners Online content and features as well as ease of navigation were excellent. Sun Safe Partners Online showed small effects on sun protection behaviors and sun exposure on weekends compared with the Generic Online intervention and moderate effect size increases in the Sun Safe Partners Online condition.

Conclusions

This study uses a novel approach to facilitate engagement in sun protection by harnessing the influence of relationships among spouses and cohabiting partners. A couples-focused intervention may hold promise as a means to improve sun protection behaviors beyond interventions focused solely on individuals by leveraging the concern, collaboration, and support among intimate partners and addressing relationship-based barriers to sun protection.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04549675; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04549675
Medical Student Utilization of a Novel Web-Based Platform (Psy-Q) for Question-Based Learning in Psychiatry: Pilot Questionnaire Study
Authors: Torous John , Nakamura Zev , Rosen Jordan , Ho Pochu , Pelic Christine , Kao Larkin Elderon , Kasick David , Witowsky Joseph , Meyer Fremonta
Published: April 2020

Background

Medical students are turning to new and expanding web-based resources for learning during their psychiatry clerkships; however, there have not been concomitant efforts by educators to utilize web-based tools to promote innovative teaching.

Objective

Utilizing a free learning platform (Psy-Q) created by our team, we sought to explore how digital technology may engage medical student learners, promote colearning between educators and medical students, and support sustainability of web-based platforms through crowdsourcing.

Methods

Between 2017 and 2019, seven medical schools offered access to the platform during medical students’ psychiatry clerkships. Use of the web-based platform was voluntary and not monitored or related to clerkship evaluation. Medical students completed a paper and pencil assessment of the platform at the end of their clerkship. Anonymous and aggregated website use data were gathered in accordance with institutional review board approval.

Results

A total of 203 medical students across seven distinct psychiatry clerkships completed the survey. Of these students, 123 (60.6%) reported using the platform and reported accessing a mean of 45 questions. The most common device used to access the platform was a laptop and the second most common was a smartphone. The most common location to access the platform was home and the second most common was the hospital. Although few students contributed new questions, website utilization data suggested that all rated the quality and difficulty of the questions. Higher quality questions were medical students’ main suggestion for further improvement.

Conclusions

Our results suggest the feasibility and potential of educator- and learner-created web-based platforms to augment psychiatry education and develop relevant accessible resources in the digital sphere. Future work should focus on measuring objective educational outcomes of question taking and writing, as well as optimizing technology and exploring sustainable trainee-faculty partnership models for the creation and curation of content.
Data Validation and Verification Using Blockchain in a Clinical Trial for Breast Cancer: Regulatory Sandbox
Authors: Hirano Tomonobu , Motohashi Tomomitsu , Okumura Kosuke , Takajo Kentaro , Kuroki Taiyo , Ichikawa Daisuke , Matsuoka Yutaka , Ochi Eisuke , Ueno Taro
Published: April 2020

Background

The integrity of data in a clinical trial is essential, but the current data management process is too complex and highly labor-intensive. As a result, clinical trials are prone to consuming a lot of budget and time, and there is a risk for human-induced error and data falsification. Blockchain technology has the potential to address some of these challenges.

Objective

The aim of the study was to validate a system that enables the security of medical data in a clinical trial using blockchain technology.

Methods

We have developed a blockchain-based data management system for clinical trials and tested the system through a clinical trial for breast cancer. The project was conducted to demonstrate clinical data management using blockchain technology under the regulatory sandbox enabled by the Japanese Cabinet Office.

Results

We verified and validated the data in the clinical trial using the validation protocol and tested its resilience to data tampering. The robustness of the system was also proven by survival with zero downtime for clinical data registration during a Amazon Web Services disruption event in the Tokyo region on August 23, 2019.

Conclusions

We show that our system can improve clinical trial data management, enhance trust in the clinical research process, and ease regulator burden. The system will contribute to the sustainability of health care services through the optimization of cost for clinical trials.
Iran’s health tourism market in Iraq based on 4P marketing components (Preprint)
Authors: Hashemzadeh Saeed , A'alami Niloufar
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This paper, first and foremost aims to review the status of Iran's Health Tourism according to marketing components (4P: Product, Price, Place, Promotion). It also investigates the case of Iraq as one of the most important health tourism markets in Iran considering the priorities of marketing components base on a survey of Iraqi patients and offers some suggestions.
Introduction of Discharge Care for Patients with COVID-19 in China (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Guoli , Yan Jin
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. Patients with COVID-19 may have respiratory dysfunction, physical dysfunction and psychological dysfunction after discharge. Continuous care after discharge is particularly important. This article mainly introduces the mode and contents of mhealth care program for patients with COVID-19 after discharge which have been successfully implemented in hospital.