bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“TI por Elas”: para Mulheres que estão Dentro e Fora da Computação
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Stéphanie Neves , Nascimento Joyce Nayne Araújo , De Lima Maria Tassiane Barros , De Mesquita Nayara Maria Costa , Bezerra Carla Ilane Moreira , Oliveira Paulo de Tarso Guerra
Published: January 2020

Este artigo descreve as atividades desenvolvidas pela ação “TI por Elas”, que é organizada pelo Centro Acadêmico de Ciência da Computação (CACC) em parceria com o Programa de Educação Tutorial/Conexões de Saberes (PET - TI) do Campus da UFC em Quixadá. Essa ação tem como objetivo principal cultivar o interesse de mulheres pelaárea da Tecnologia da Informação (TI), tanto como disseminar o que é a computação e sua importância. Tendo em vista o público da área, a presente ação também pretende ajudar a diminuir a evasão das mulheres que já se encontram no âmbito da TI.
Coleta oportunista de dados para a Internet das Coisas com o uso de otimização discreta
Authors: L. Filho Edvar Afonso , Campista Miguel Elias M.
Published: January 2020

A Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things – IoT) se baseia na coleta de dados para futuro processamento e tomada de decisão. Em cenários de redes restritas (Low Power and Lossy Network - LLN) com múltiplos saltos, o encaminhamento eficiente de dados em termos de tráfego gerado e consumo de energia se torna fundamental. Este artigo revisita o conceito de agentes móveis para realizar coleta de dados ao longo dos itinerários dos agentes. A ideia é evitar o envio de requisições para rede quando conteúdos, não expirados e coletados de forma oportunista, estão armazenados no cache de um elemento central. No mecanismo proposto, o itinerário é composto por dispositivos de interesse e dispositivos intermediários em um ciclo fechado na origem. É utilizada a otimização Knapsack para acrescentar dados não solicitados de forma oportunista. A recompensa é calculada conforme a popularidade dos dados. As simulações mostram que é possı́vel reduzir o tráfego na rede e a energia con- sumida pelos dispositivos quando comparado com a coleta de agentes móveis tradicional.
Dilemas Frente Epidemias Estratégicas: Vacinar ou Reiniciar?
Authors: Rufino Vilc , Menasché Daniel , Cunha Italo , Lima Cabral , De Aguiar Leandro P.
Published: January 2020

Epidemias de rede são ubı́quas. Todos os dias, sistemas são comprometidos por botnets e participam de campanhas de ataque DDoS. Assim, os usuários enfrentam um dilema com relação a quais contramedidas tomar: duras (por exemplo, vacinação), suaves (por exemplo, reinicialização e rejuvenescimento) ou nenhuma contramedida. Para resolver esse dilema, uma opção é tomar proveito de modelos analı́ticos. Neste artigo, apresentamos novos resultados sobre a solução em estado estacionário de modelos epidêmicos em que o atacante é estratégico e tem uma capacidade de ataque finita. Para tanto, analisamos os estados mais prováveis do modelo, indicando suas propriedades; apresentamos fórmulas que aproximam a probabilidade de infecção e contrastamos os insights do modelo com simulações. As simulações suportam qualitativamente as observações do modelo e estendem a análise permitindo distribuições gerais para os tempos entre os eventos.
Evolução do Comportamento do Usuário em Eventos de Larga Escala na Internet
Authors: Machado Breno , Vieira Alex B. , Cunha Italo , Ziviani Artur
Published: January 2020

Tráfego de vı́deo já representa 75% do tráfego na Internet. Neste trabalho, nós caracterizamos a evolução do uso de um grande serviço de vídeo streaming no Brasil comparando registros de acesso da Copa do Mundo da FIFA de 2014 e 2018. Relatamos um crescimento de aproximadamente 176% no público médio e mais de 300% no tráfego gerado. A taxa de chegada também mudou e agora é mais concentrada no inı́cio das partidas. Comparamos também o impacto de métricas relacionadas a QoE no engajamento dos usuários. Por exemplo, notamos que o engajamento aumentou para todas as taxas de bitrate e que ele é maior quando ocorre menos adaptações de bitrate. Além disso, taxa alta de interrupções diminui o engajamento consideravelmente, mas somente até certo valor.
An exploratory study on machine learning frameworks
Authors: Flexa Caio , Gomes Walisson , Viademonte Sergio
Published: January 2020

This document describes a preliminary study on computing frameworks and technologies, for the purpose of developing machine learning (ML) system applications. Several frameworks, application programming interfaces and programming libraries for ML algorithms have been developed in the last few years, in a relatively short period of time, making difficult a decision on which one to chose in a particular application. This study reviews some criteria and performs a preliminary evaluation of some of the most used ML technologies for developing system applications, with the purpose to guide and facilitate the decision on which of them to apply, given a particular application.
Metodologia de Classificação de Descargas Parciais em Hidrogeradores Utilizando Mapas Auto-organizáveis de Kohonen
Authors: Fernandes Filipe C. , Oliveira Rodrigo M. S. , Sena Anderson J. C. , Araújo Ramon C. F. , Brito Fabricio J. B.
Published: January 2020

A maneira mais utilizada para avaliação da condição da isolação estatórica em hidrogeradores é o monitoramento de descargas parciais (DPs). Neste trabalho, é apresentado um sistema de classificação de padrões de DPs usando mapas auto-organizáveis de Kohonen (SOM). Foram combinadas diversas técnicas da literatura para pré-processamento e visualização dos padrões. Propõe-se uma metodologia que obtém as fronteiras de separação no mapa Kohonen que maximizam a acurácia, além de automatizar a classificação de padrões desconhecidos. O mapa de Kohonen treinado apresentou alta taxa de acerto, generalizando o problema a ponto de evidenciar subgrupos associados a variações dos padrões de um mesmo tipo de DP.
SFCMon: An Efficient and Scalable Monitoring System for Network Flows in SFC-enabled Domains
Authors: Bonfim Michel , Dias Kelvin , Fernandes Stenio
Published: January 2020

A comprehensive monitoring system is essential to assist solutions for most of SFC problems. Therefore, in this work, we propose SFCMon, an efficient and scalable monitoring solution to keep track network flows in SFC environments. To achieve the desired goals, SFCMon works with a pipeline of probabilistic data structures to detect and store large flows as well as perflow counters. For evaluation purposes, based on the SFC reference architecture defined by RFC 7665, we implement a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) framework, which provides a P4-based SFC switch and Python-based SFC Controller. Presented initial experiments demonstrate that SFCMon introduces a negligible performance penalty while providing significant scalability gains.
Monitoramento automático da qualidade das informações que contribuem para a transparência pública
Authors: Massariol Fabricio , Louzada Fabiano da Rocha
Published: January 2020

Com a vigência da Lei de Acesso à Informação, em 2012, os portais de transparência têm sido ampliados para atendimento a esta legislação. Contudo, nem todos os gestores públicos possuem recursos suficientes para analisar as informações que estão sendo pulicadas diariamente. Disponibilizar a informação sem qualidade não atenderá ao princípio básico da transparência, o de fazer com que a sociedade entenda as informações e participe dos atos governamentais. Este artigo demonstra como operacionalizar a análise dos dados de um portal da transparência e como esta operação contribui para melhorar as características de qualidade das informações disponíveis ao público.
Uso de banco de dados orientado a grafos na detecção de fraudes nas cotas para exercício da atividade parlamentar
Authors: Araújo Gabriel M. , Holanda Maristela
Published: January 2020

Este artigo propõe o uso da tecnologia de banco de dados orientado a grafos para a detecção de possíveis fraudes na Cota para o Exercício da Atividade Parlamentar (CEAP), e o relacionamento da CEAP com dados abertos do TSE referentes as doações nas eleições de 2014. O uso dessas tecnologias facilita a manipulação de dados relacionados entre si, tanto em questão de complexidade na consulta, quanto em relação a visualização da informação. A proposta em questão foi validada com um estudo de caso, utilizando os dados abertos da Cota para o Exercício da Atividade Parlamentar da Câmara dos Deputados, e os dados abertos fornecidos pelo TSE. Foi desenvolvido um ETL para extrair os dados e popular o banco de dados, em seguida as consultas foram realizadas para detectar as possíveis fraudes e obter informações a respeito dos dados.
Análise de Sentimento no Contexto de Comentários a Projetos de Lei Relativos à Transparência
Authors: Portugal Roxana Lisette Quintanilla , Leite Julio Cesar Sampaio do Prado
Published: January 2020

Em 2016, Engiel et al. encontraram 10 projetos de lei, altamente relacionados à transparência, usando técnicas de mineração de texto e uma base de conhecimento sobre Transparência. Em 2017, Portugal et al. usaram os comentários feitos sobre os 10 projetos de lei; dos 164 comentários, 6 projetos foram identificados com uma tendência ou demanda por transparência. O trabalho de 2018 explora os comentários a partir de outra perspectiva, nós queremos saber quais são os comentários mais negativos usando análise de sentimentos, através da ferramenta SentiStrength. Como resultado, dos 164 comentários, 60 foram classificados como muito negativos. No entanto, seu desempenho não é bom quando se lida com o conjunto de comentários dos cidadãos que aprovam os projetos de lei. Uma análise qualitativa é apresentada para esse subconjunto de comentários.
Desafios de Transparência pela Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais
Authors: Carvalho Luiz , Oliveira Jonice , Cappelli Claudia , Majer Violeta
Published: January 2020

A sociedade é influenciada por novas tecnologias, culminando em questões éticas inéditas. Como habilitar a proteção de dados em uma época de algoritmos que utilizam os mesmos sabe-se lá para quê? O governo brasileiro, motivado por esta questão, sancionou uma legislação abrangente para proteção de dados. Na sua redação fica nítida a preocupação com a transparência. Em vista disso, quais serão as questões tecnológicas associadas com a transparência em uma lei dedicada à privacidade?
Comparison of Tumor Volume Parameters on Prostate Cancer Biopsies
Authors: Verhoef Esther I. , Kweldam Charlotte F. , Kümmerlin Intan P. , Nieboer Daan , Bangma Chris H. , Incrocci Luca , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Roobol Monique J. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H.
Published: January 2020

Context.—

Prostate biopsy reports require an indication of prostate cancer volume. No consensus exists on the methodology of tumor volume reporting.

Objective.—

To compare the prognostic value of different biopsy prostate cancer volume parameters.

Design.—

Prostate biopsies of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer were reviewed (n = 1031). Tumor volume was quantified in 6 ways: average estimated tumor percentage, measured total tumor length, average calculated tumor percentage, greatest tumor length, greatest tumor percentage, and average tumor percentage of all biopsies. Their prognostic value was determined by using either logistic regression for extraprostatic expansion (EPE) and surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy (RP), or Cox regression for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) after RP (n = 406) and radiation therapy (RT) (n = 508).

Results.—

All tumor volume parameters were significantly mutually correlated (R2 > 0.500, P < .001). None were predictive for EPE, surgical margin, or BCRFS after RP in multivariable analysis, including age, prostate-specific antigen, number of positive biopsies, and grade group. In contrast, all tumor volume parameters were significant predictors for BCRFS (all P < .05) and DSS (all P < .05) after RT, except greatest tumor length. In multivariable analysis including only all tumor volume parameters as covariates, calculated tumor length was the only predictor for EPE after RP (P = .02) and DSS after RT (P = .02).

Conclusions.—

All tumor volume parameters had comparable prognostic value and could be used in clinical practice. If tumor volume quantification is a threshold for treatment decision, calculated tumor length seems preferential, slightly outperforming the other parameters.
Detection of EGFR T790M Mutation by Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction in Lung Carcinoma Cytology Samples
Authors: Nizamaddin Shara Kamil , Mehrotra Meenakshi , Nadhim Ari Sami H. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: January 2020

Context.—

Advanced-stage non–small cell lung carcinoma patients on EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors frequently present with an acquired EGFR T790M resistance mutation. Early detection using a high-sensitivity assay is critical to allow patients to switch to third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The detection of EGFR T790M mutation is often challenging because of low tumor fraction in posttreatment specimens. Because a large fraction of non–small cell lung carcinoma patients are given a diagnosis by cytology, evaluating a high-sensitivity technique for EGFR T790M detection in these specimens is essential.

Objective.—

To evaluate a high-sensitivity droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay for EGFR T790M using different cytologic specimen preparations.

Design.—

A total of 42 cytology samples, including smears and cell block preparation, were evaluated for EGFR T790M using ddPCR. The results of the mutation assay were compared to the patient's known EGFR T790M mutation status.

Results.—

The ddPCR assay successfully determined the EGFR T790M mutation status in 36 of 42 samples (86%), including samples with low tumor fraction (≤20%). In 4 cases the results of the ddPCR assay could not be compared because the mutation status was unknown at the time of collection of the cytology sample. There was 1 false-positive result, with borderline positivity, and 1 false-negative result. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the ddPCR assay were 93% and 96%, respectively.

Conclusions.—

Our results indicate that EGFR T790M ddPCR is a highly sensitive and specific mutational assay that can be used reliably in cytologic specimens, including samples with low tumor fraction.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: January 2020

Julia M. GelfandLisa A. GermanSydney ThompsonJay ColbertDaina DickmanJoanneke ElliottMary-Kate Finnegan
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: January 2020

Boomer mediaMedia timeWorldCatComputer information literacyInternational graduate students
Thinking with Our Hands
Authors: Thomas Jonathan N. , Dueber David M.
Published: January 2020

Through the use of rich examples, we examine the non-verbal ways in which teachers and students may communicate with one another. We will explore how gesture may be used to clarify and enrich interactions in the mathematics classroom.
Implementing Extended Tasks: Developing Perseverance
Authors: Lischka Alyson E. , Prince Kyle M. , Reed Samuel D.
Published: January 2020

Encouraging students to persevere in problem solving can be accomplished using extended tasks where students solve a problem over an extended time. This article presents a structure for use of extended tasks and examples of student thinking that can emerge through such tasks. Considerations for implementation are provided.
Exploring the Mathematics of Gravity
Authors: Basu Debasmita , Panorkou Nicole , Zhu Michelle , Lal Pankaj , Samanthula Bharath K.
Published: January 2020

We provide an example from our integrated math and science curriculum where students explore the mathematical relationships underlying various science phenomena. We present the tasks we designed for exploring the covariation relationships that underlie the concept of gravity and discuss the generalizations students made as they interacted with those tasks.
The Innovative Impact of NCTM Journals
Authors: Lemon Travis
Published: January 2020

NCTM has provided rich resources through the publication of practitioner journals for decades and is now leading the way once again with a digital first dynamic publication focused on the learning and teaching of mathematics. This is a rich opportunity for teachers to engage, to learn and to go.
Linha de maior declive: relações poético-críticas do caminhar
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Becker Jéssica
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo trata do caminhar/deslocar-se como linha e sua potência na ativação do contexto da cidade, ambos pensados a partir do fenômeno artístico contemporâneo. Partindo de um breve levantamento e recorte histórico de como a linha vem sendo discutida na história da arte até chegar ao caminhar como procedimento prático e método criativo, o artigo, a partir daí, problematiza seu objeto na relação contextual entre arte, indivíduo e presença poético-crítica na cidade. Neste fim, toma-se como principal referencial artístico a ação Se Hace Camino al Andar, da artista espanhola Esther Ferrer, em sua realização junto à Plataforma Salvem El Cabanyal, na cidade de Valência/Espanha. Para construir suas argumentações, o artigo utiliza como aportes teóricos os escritos dos movimentos da década de 1960/70, Situacionismo e Fluxus, bem como aos estudos sobre a cidade de Michel de Certeau e sobre linha e deslocamento de Tim Ingold.
Sair do mapa, criar o mapa: uma epistemologia errante
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Bauchwitz Sofia Porto
Published: January 2020

O artigo é um cruzamento de ideias decorrentes da tese doutoral El Artista Errante y El Discurso como Cartografía en um contexto hispano-brasileño (UCM/CAPES), defendida em 2017. Levanta questões sobre o artista no mundo cartografiável e seu discurso sinuoso e descentralizado, tentando analisar esse último como um movimento rumo ao incerto, um pulo no abismo em direção à pura potência. Desta forma, o artista errante, como defendemos, é uma tipologia que ajuda a praticar, na base de (in)certezas, novas maneiras de pensar e defender a arte em nossos dias. Este criador contemporâneo perambula e se fortalece nos mapas que seu discurso errante (que passa pelo erro) constrói no mundo. O texto passa por conceitos como indecisão, ritmo singular, cartografia, assim como tradução e relatos de auto-alteração.
Entre o espaço público e espaços expositivos: a arte em trânsito de Guga Ferraz
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Fernandes Thiago Spíndola Motta
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo resulta da monografia de conclusão de curso de bacharelado em História da Arte, defendida pelo autor em 2018 na Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Com o objetivo de analisar a inserção de trabalhos de intervenção urbana em espaços institucionais, o artigo concentra-se em um conjunto de três intervenções realizadas pelo artista carioca Guga Ferraz em espaços públicos – Ônibus Incendiado (2003), Cidade Dormitório (2007) e Até Onde o Mar Vinha, Até Onde o Rio Ia (2010-2014) -, investigando as diferentes táticas utilizadas pelo artista para apresentar esses trabalhos em museus, galerias ou centros culturais.
A imagem do ânus e os provérbios neerlandeses
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Kohl Kethlen
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo procura fazer uma reflexão sobre um conjunto de imagens que tem como ponto comum o corpo grotesco. Em seus detalhes são exploradas narrativas sobre o ânus e as narrativas escatológicas A partir das imagens analisadas, problematizo questões sobre a relação entre imagem e escrita em dois aspectos: a primeira compreende o jogo entre escrita e imagem presente em um díptico anônimo do século XVI, onde a escrita procura alertar o expectador a não abrir o díptico; a segunda questão analisada volta-se à presença dos provérbios que se traduzem em imagens nas obras de Pieter Bruegel e Hendrick Avercamp.
Museu como ferramenta, história da arte como discurso
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Silva Mariana Estellita Lins
Published: January 2020

Pretendemos construir reflexões sobre a relação entre museu e história da arte, a partir da perspectiva da construção de discursos. Para tanto traremos discussões sobre o museu – assim como o arquivo e a biblioteca – a partir de autores como Michel Foucault e Jacques Derrida, que abordam essas instituições como sendo legitimadas a afirmar narrativas. Em seguida buscaremos sustentar por um lado a relação entre estrutura, meio e modernidade; e por outro lado a sua transformação para o pós-estruturalismo, a dissolução do meio específico para a obra de arte e a pós modernidade.
Asikainen & Macêdo: as bordas entre a arte e a ciência
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Macêdo Silvana Barbosa , Pedroso Neri ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Asikainen Henna Maaria
Published: January 2020

Nesta entrevista a jornalista Néri Pedroso conversa com Henna Asikainen e Silvana Macêdo a respeito da exposição de caráter retrospectivo intitulada Intraduzível (2018), que celebra os 20 anos de colaboração entre as duas artistas. Abordamos questões acerca do conteúdo e resultado formal das suas pesquisas e ações artísticas colaborativas, seus diálogos com a ciência, suas preocupações ambientais e sociais, aspectos das suas biografias, idiomas e paisagens dos seus contrastantes países de origem, a Finlândia e o Brasil. A entrevista com Henna Asikainen foi traduzida para o português, mas incluímos também a versão original em inglês ao final do texto.
O homem que era só metade
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Bonfim Gabriel Augusto de Paula
Published: January 2020

O presente ensaio visual é composto pelo trabalho intitulado “O homem que era só metade”; nele articulam-se processos de criação no campo da Arte Contemporânea que exploram as possibilidades do corpo e do objeto no espaço urbano e as trocas que podem ser estabelecidas entre as potencialidades do espaço e a subjetividade humana.
Xilogravura digital colorida: passado e presente em permuta
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Silva Wilson Roberto da
Published: January 2020

Este resumo expandido é resultado de uma pesquisa com Xilogravura Digital realizada na cidade de Marabá - PA, onde em razão das peculiaridades do local, buscou-se uma permuta entre os meios de Xilogravura histórica e seus fundamentos e a Xilogravura digital. Para tanto serão abordadas duas referências de artistas que produzem imagens assim denominadas, em seguida serão apresentadas a concepção e abordagem de uma imagem que exemplifica o trabalho prático que deu origem a este texto enquanto método e conteúdo e o quê a distingue em relação às referências apresentadas.
Aproveitamento do RCD como base e sub-base em pavimentações com baixo volume de tráfego no município de Porto Nacional
Authors: Sousa Matheus Kennedy de Oliveira e , Balduino Ângelo Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Os resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) são geradas em altas quantidades nas grandes cidades mais também em municípios pequenos em todo território brasileiro e são comumente descartados de forma irregular. Para os milhares de quilômetros de vias urbanas não pavimentadas, o agregado de resíduo sólido da construção civil é uma alternativa aos materiais convencionais de pavimentação. Este trabalho buscou analisar o comportamento mecânico do agregado reciclado para emprego em camadas de base e sub-base. A pesquisa consiste em ensaios laboratoriais no instituto de ensino ITPAC-PORTO. O presente estudo avaliou resíduos de tipo misto onde encontra-se juntos concreto, argamassa e blocos cerâmicos. O agregado utilizado teve, em sua fração miúda e graúda, percentuais fixados em 4%, 5%, 6% e 7% de substituição. De acordo com os ensaios realizados verificamos que é possível a substituição de agregados convencionais por agregados reciclados.
Complex analysis of GPR signalsfor the delineation of subsurface subtle features
Authors: Akinsunmade Akinniyi , Tomecka-Suchoń Sylwia , Pysz Paweł
Published: January 2020

In this paper, complex signal analyses of ground penetrating radar (GPR) field data over an area of farmland in Krakow were interpreted alongside the basic filtered field data. The farmland was simulated with var-ying degrees of soil compaction induced by tractor movement. The focus of the study was the delineation of in-herent characteristics of media through which the electromagnetic energy travelled. Fourteen GPR profiles were acquired from the area. The field data were subjected to pre- and post-processing prior to its the presentation and interpretation. Advance analysis operations on the field data which resorted in different attributes reveal more about the effects of the compaction on the soil than indicated by the basic filtered field data. Better resolution of subsurface layers boundary and lateral variation in the physical properties of the traversing media were well elu-cidated. The results have demonstrated that an advanced signal processing such as used in the study has ability to depict subtle characteristics of the propagating media.
Linking emotions to behaviors through deep transfer learning
Authors: Li Haoqi , Baucom Brian , Georgiou Panayiotis
Published: January 2020

Human behavior refers to the way humans act and interact. Understanding human behavior is a cornerstone of observational practice, especially in psychotherapy. An important cue of behavior analysis is the dynamical changes of emotions during the conversation. Domain experts integrate emotional information in a highly nonlinear manner; thus, it is challenging to explicitly quantify the relationship between emotions and behaviors. In this work, we employ deep transfer learning to analyze their inferential capacity and contextual importance. We first train a network to quantify emotions from acoustic signals and then use information from the emotion recognition network as features for behavior recognition. We treat this emotion-related information as behavioral primitives and further train higher level layers towards behavior quantification. Through our analysis, we find that emotion-related information is an important cue for behavior recognition. Further, we investigate the importance of emotional-context in the expression of behavior by constraining (or not) the neural networks’ contextual view of the data. This demonstrates that the sequence of emotions is critical in behavior expression. To achieve these frameworks we employ hybrid architectures of convolutional networks and recurrent networks to extract emotion-related behavior primitives and facilitate automatic behavior recognition from speech.
Effective governance for management of invasive alien plants: evidence from the perspective of forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake E.M.B.P. , Xie Yi , Ibrahim Abubakar Sadiq , Karunaratne N.T.P. , Ahmad Shahzad
Published: January 2020

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are a significant cause of socio-ecological change in Sri Lanka. Many studies have focused on the ecological dimensions of this problem, but few have addressed sociological factors such as the knowledge and perceptions of individuals and groups tasked with addressing IAPs. This study investigates how IAP issues are understood and perceived by professional forest and wildlife officers in Sri Lanka. The data analyzed were gathered using a questionnaire that covered three themes: the respondents’ ability to identify IAPs, the impacts of IAPs and the threats they pose, and knowledge regarding control and mitigation. The questionnaire was completed by 186 field officers, and the resulting descriptive statistics and a probit regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that almost all of the participating forest and wildlife officers were aware of the problems associated with IAPs but more than 75% of them lacked an accurate understanding of scientific means for controlling them and control policies established by the government of Sri Lanka. Generally, wildlife officers had a better understanding than forest officers. In addition, the analysis shows that officers’ knowledge and perceptions of IAPs were positively correlated with their level of education and position within the organization. The analysis points to several recommendations for Sri Lankan officials when designing and implementing comprehensive policies and professional programs, particularly for lower-level field officers.
Pelagic Alphabet: Islands as a Model of the Ocean
Authors: Callejas Luis , Hansson Charlotte
Published: January 2020

LCLA office's Pelagic Alphabet – an island microcosm of strange forms and imagined geographies – seeks to use the unique status and special place of the ‘island’ in human culture. Described here by the architecture and landscape studio's partners Luis Callejas and Charlotte Hansson, it is a place of blended imagination, topological exaggeration, boundary and territorial dispute.
No Design on Stolen Land: Dismantling Design's Dehumanising White Supremacy
Authors: Bélanger Pierre
Published: January 2020

Capitalism is predicated on property ownership, and particularly land. The US and Canada are premier examples of the appropriation and dispossession of land occupied by Indigenous Peoples. Pierre Bélanger and co‐founders at OPEN SYSTEMS (OPSYS) based in Boston, on traditional lands of the Massachusett Peoples, illustrate tactics of ‘undesign’ adopted in this context.
Mechanotactic Activation of TGF‐β by PEDOT Artificial Microenvironments Triggers Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Dhawan Udesh , Wang Wei‐Li , Gautam Bhaskarchand , Aerathupalathu Janardhanan Jayakrishnan , Hsiao Po‐Chiang , Tu Hsiung‐Lin , Yu Hsiao‐Hua
Published: January 2020

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral for cells to acquire metastatic properties, and ample evidence links it to bioorganic framework of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hydroxymethyl‐functionalized 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene polymer (PEDOT‐OH) enables construction of diverse nanotopography size and morphologies and is therefore exploited to engineer organic artificial microenvironments bearing nanodots from 300 to 1000 nm in diameter to understand spatiotemporal EMT regulation by biophysical components of the TME. MCF‐7 breast cancer cells are cultured on these artificial microenvironments, and temporal regulation of cellular morphology and EMT markers is investigated. The results show that upon physical stimulation, cells on 300 nm artificial microenvironments advance to EMT and display a decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. In contrast, cells on 500 nm artificial microenvironments are trapped in EMT‐imbalance. Interestingly, cells on 1000 nm artificial microenvironments resemble those on control surfaces. Upon further investigation, it is found that EMT induction is triggered via transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and ECM cleaving protein, matrix metalloproteinease‐9. Immunostaining EMT proteins highlighted that EMT induction is achieved through attenuation of cell–cell and cell–microenvironment adhesions. The physical stimulation‐induced TGF‐β perturbation can have a profound impact on the understanding of tumor‐promoting signaling cascades originated by cellular microenvironment.
The Construction and Application of Three‐Dimensional Biomaterials
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Yunru , Guo Jiahui , Lu Wei , Wei Qiong , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: January 2020

Biomaterials have been widely explored and applied in many areas, especially in the field of tissue engineering. The interface of biomaterials and cells has been deeply investigated. However, it has been demonstrated that conventional 2D biomaterials fail to maintain the 3D structures and phenotypes of cells, which is the result of their limited ability to mimic the latter's complex extracellular matrix. To overcome this challenge, cell cultivation dependent on 3D biomaterials has emerged as an alternative strategy to make the recovery of 3D structures and functions of cells possible. Thus, with the thriving development of 3D cell culture in tissue engineering, a holistic review of the construction and application of 3D biomaterials is desired. Here, recent developments in 3D biomaterials for tissue engineering are reviewed. An overview of various approaches to construct 3D biomaterials, such as electro‐jetting/‐spinning, micro‐molding, microfluidics, and 3D bio‐printing, is first presented. Their typical applications in constructing cell sheets, vascular structures, cell spheroids, and macroscopic cellular constructs are described as well. Following these two sections, the current status and challenges are analyzed, as well as the future outlook of 3D biomaterials for tissue engineering.
Simplified All‐Solid‐State WO3 Based Electrochromic Devices on Single Substrate: Toward Large Area, Low Voltage, High Contrast, and Fast Switching Dynamics
Authors: Cossari Pierluigi , Pugliese Marco , Simari Cataldo , Mezzi Alessio , Maiorano Vincenzo , Nicotera Isabella , Gigli Giuseppe
Published: January 2020

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) represent one of the most promising energy saving and solar control technology for the market of energy‐efficient building and optoelectronic devices. A continuous and intense effort is currently devoted to the development of effective solid‐state ECDs and their integration in multifunctional systems, such as photoelectrochromics. Here, the fabrication of simplified all‐solid‐state WO3 based ECDs on single‐substrate is reported, demonstrating how the rational design of highly interconnected WO3 columnar nanostructures with Nafion polymer matrix remarkably decreases the charge transport barrier at the hybrid electrolyte/electrochromic interface (EEI), thus determining an impressive improvement of overall device performances. The soft polymer substrate of the electrolyte plays a key role on the formation of WO3 pillar‐like structures and on the increase of interfacial contact area by affecting the vacuum‐deposition WO3 growth. Apart from providing higher transmittance in bleached state, the resulting device, entirely manufactured at room temperature by bottom‐up process, exhibits lower activation voltages (0.5–3 V) and faster switching kinetics (5–10 s) compared with monolithic ECDs based on both bulk and mesoporous WO3 films. Furthermore, the enhanced EEI enables the scale‐up on large area and flexible substrate ensuring simultaneously a wide optical contrast (ΔT = 70%), and high coloration efficiency.
Anisotropic Heat Conduction in Ion‐Substituted Layered Cobalt Oxides
Authors: Cho Hai Jun , Takashima Yugo , Nezu Yukio , Onozato Takaki , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: January 2020

Layered cobalt oxides, AxCoO2 (A = Li, Na, Ca, and Sr), are attracting attention as thermoelectric materials showing large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = S2σTκ−1 (S: thermopower, σ: electrical conductivity, T: absolute temperature, κ: thermal conductivity) at higher temperatures. Due to the layered structure, AxCoO2 shows strong anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties; both S and σ are large along the layer though systematic study in κ is not reported thus far. Here, the anisotropy in κ of AxCoO2 is shown systematically with the effect of Ax on κ. AxCoO2 epitaxial films are fabricated with two different crystallographic orientations with respect to the surface normal to the substrates and the κ is measured in normal to the substrate. The κ parallel to the layers (κ||) is 3–6 times larger than that perpendicular to the layers (κ⊥). The κ|| decreases with increasing the atomic mass of Ax though κ⊥ is insensitive to it; anisotropy of κ is controlled by substituting heavier Ax ions. The present result provides new material design concept for good thermoelectric materials.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) tolerate some degree of inequity while cooperating but refuse to donate effort for nothing
Authors: Campbell Matthew W. , Watzek Julia , Suchak Malini , Berman Sarah M. , de Waal Frans B. M.
Published: January 2020

In cooperative hunting, a carcass cannot be divided equally, and hunts may be unsuccessful. We studied how chimpanzees respond to these two variables, working for unequal rewards and no rewards, which have been rarely included in experimental cooperative tasks. We presented chimpanzees with a task requiring three chimpanzees to work together and varied the reward structure in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, two individuals received more rewards than the third, making the outcome unequal. We wanted to know if cooperation would continue or break down, and what mechanisms might maintain performance. Experiment 2 used equal rewards, but this time one or more locations were left unbaited on a proportion of trials. Thus, there was a chance of individuals working to receive nothing. In Experiment 1, the chimpanzees worked at a high rate, tolerating the unequal outcomes, with rank appearing to determine who got access to the higher‐value locations. However, equal outcomes (used as a control) enhanced cooperative performance, most likely through motivational processes rather than the absence of inequity aversion. In Experiment 2, performance dropped off dramatically when the chimpanzees were not rewarded on every trial. Their strategy was irrational as donating effort would have led to more rewards in the long run for each individual. Our results lead to a hierarchy of performances by condition with equity > inequity > donating effort. Chimpanzees therefore tolerate mild inequity, but cannot tolerate receiving nothing when others are rewarded.
Anthropogenic influences on primate antipredator behavior and implications for research and conservation
Authors: LaBarge Laura R. , Hill Russell A. , Berman Carol M. , Margulis Susan W. , Allan Andrew T. L.
Published: January 2020

Predation risk affects prey species' behavior, even in the absence of a direct threat, but human‐induced environmental change may disturb ecologically significant predator–prey interactions. Here, we propose various ways in which knowledge of antipredator tactics, behavioral risk effects, and primate–predator interactions could assist in identifying human‐caused disruption to natural systems. Using behavior to evaluate primate responses to the ongoing environmental change should be a potentially effective way to make species conservation more predictive by identifying issues before a more dramatic population declines. A key challenge here is that studies of predation on primates often use data collected via direct observations of habituated animals and human presence can deter carnivores and influence subjects' perception of risk. Hence, we also review various indirect data collection methods to evaluate their effectiveness in identifying where environmental change threatens wild species, while also minimizing observer bias.
How bad can life be? A case of concurrent cardiac tamponade and pulmonary embolus
Authors: Ta'eed Anis , Wong Ai‐Ming , Mulder John , Yang Yang
Published: January 2020

We present a rare case of a patient presenting with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) further complicated by cardiac tamponade with the clinical dilemma on whether to perform thrombolysis or emergency pericardiocentesis to save her life. The aetiology of her pericardial effusion remains unclear but may possibly relate to post‐PE pericarditis, a condition that resembles Dressler's syndrome. The pathophysiological processes of concurrent PE and cardiac tamponade combined to result in an unusual right ventricular shape on transthoracic echocardiography, and our findings raise the possibility of a fourth mechanism for the explanation of McConnell's sign – restricted free wall dilation via the moderator band.
Cooperative Catalysis for the Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective [4+3]‐Cycloannulation of ortho‐Quinone Methides and Carbonyl Ylides
Authors: Suneja Arun , Loui Henning Jakob , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2020

We describe herein a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective [4+3]‐cycloannulation of ortho‐quinone methides and carbonyl ylides to furnish functionalized oxa‐bridged dibenzooxacines with excellent yields and stereoselectivity in a single synthetic step. The combination of rhodium and chiral phosphoric acid catalysis working in concert to generate both transient intermediates in situ provides direct access to complex bicyclic products with two quaternary and one tertiary stereogenic centers. The products may be further functionalized into valuable and enantiomerically highly enriched building blocks.
Ribosomal Incorporation of Aromatic Oligoamides as Peptide Sidechain Appendages
Authors: Tsiamantas Christos , Kwon Sunbum , Rogers Joseph M. , Douat Céline , Huc Ivan , Suga Hiroaki
Published: January 2020

Derivatives of 4‐aminomethyl‐l‐phenylalanine with aromatic oligoamide foldamers as sidechain appendages were successfully charged on tRNA by means of flexizymes. Their subsequent incorporation both at the C‐terminus of, and within, peptide sequences by the ribosome, was demonstrated. These results expand the registry of chemical structures tolerated by the ribosome to sidechains significantly larger and more structurally defined than previously demonstrated.
Facile synthesis and characterization of Chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic properties
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Peng Hongxia , Tian Xiuying , Guo Jun
Published: January 2020

SnO2 nanocrystals grown on chrysotile surfaces could be facilely synthesized in large quantities through a direct precipitation process coupled with a calcination treatment. The as‐synthesized chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposites showed a smaller band gap energy (2.88 ev) and relatively strong light absorption than the individually dispersed SnO2 nanocrystals. Due to the narrow gap and chemical passivation aroused by inherently negative charges on the surface of chrysotile, chrysotile/SnO2 nanocomposite was endowed with superior performance to chrysotile nanotube and SnO2 nanocrystals.
Microstructure and tensile properties of injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane with different melt temperatures
Authors: Xiang Ning , Zhang Xiaowen , Zheng Mengyao , Ge Yong , Wang Tao , Liu Haibao , Maharaj Chris , Dear John P. , Yan Yue
Published: January 2020

The use of injection molding technology to prepare heterogeneous interlayer film of laminated glass holds strong applicable potential. This article aims to investigate the effects of melt temperature and melt flow on the microstructure evolution and tensile properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) specimens during the injection molding process. The tensile properties of the TPU specimens show dependency on the melt temperature and melt flow direction. The results of birefringence indicate that melt flow and lower melt temperature induce higher stretching deformation of the molecular chain network. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis approves that besides the melt temperature and flow direction, the testing position on the cross section of the specimen has great influence on the microstructure of the TPU sheet. Further analysis and conclusions can be made using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering method. The above results demonstrate that both the tensile properties and microstructure of the injection molded TPU specimens tend to be isotropic with the increase of melt temperature. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48891.
Reduced graphene oxide suspension with a comb copolymer and its effects on the corrosion resistance of hydroxyl polyacrylate coatings
Authors: Hu Yue , Fan Xinchuan , Chen Xiaofeng , Niu Jun , Li Ningyan , Wang Xinqiang , Chen Dianyu
Published: January 2020

A comb copolymer (CC) is designed and prepared in present article, by grafting epoxy resin (E‐20) on poly(styrene‐co‐acrylate). The CC is used as a special dispersant, which leads to a stabilizable reduced graphene oxide (rGO) suspension in organic coatings. The dispersing mechanism is deduced as π‐π attraction between CC and rGO, which is supported by the analysis data of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of CG suspension is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the results implies that the anti‐corrosion behavior performed obviously, and protective efficiency is up to 99.53% in Tafel analysis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48898.
Exploration of (3‐benzyl‐5‐hydroxyphenyl)carbamates as new antibacterial agents against Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Liang Hua‐ju , Cheng Ya‐juan , Wang Lu‐xia , Huang Bao‐qin , Zhang Niu‐niu , Liang Jie , Yan Ming
Published: January 2020

A series of (3‐benzyl‐5‐hydroxyphenyl)carbamates were evaluated as new antibacterial agents. Several compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against sensitive and drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. The compounds are ineffective against all tested Gram‐negative bacteria. The structure of the ester group exerted a profound effect on antibacterial activity. 4,4‐Dimethylcyclohexanyl carbamate 6h exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against the standard and clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration = 4–8 µg/ml) strains. The preliminary experimental evidence indicated that these carbamates target the bacterial cell wall and share a similar mechanism of action with vancomycin.
Multiway data analysis approach toward understanding of photoluminescence and energy transfer in carbon nanodots
Authors: Bagheri Saeed , Kompany‐Zareh Mohsen , Karimpour Touraj
Published: January 2020

In this study, dilution analysis and anion exchange chromatography (AEC) were employed to provide insights into the photoluminescence (PL) of carbon nanodots (CNDs). A stepwise dilution process revealed that some of the fluorophores with higher energy emission were quenched in the high concentration solution and appeared in the dilute solutions. AEC fractionation led to seven sorts of CND fractions with similar surface charges. The fractionation for this CND mixture showed that excitation wavelength dependence was lower for separated CND particles. The wavelength dependence of excitation spectra could be due to energy exchange between particles that was reduced in diluted solutions and separated fractions. Multivariate analysis of AEC's data demonstrated that there were five distinct fluorophores, which formed the total CND emission. It is interesting that none of these fluorophores had a clear contribution to the surface charge of the CND particles. Further characterization through FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR revealed that optical properties of CNDs did not follow the surface functional groups in CNDs. This situation means that the optical behaviour of particles and their fluorophores differed depending on the surface functional groups.
Acute postoperative pain management
Authors: Small C , Laycock H
Published: January 2020

Background

Acute postoperative pain is common. Nearly 20 per cent of patients experience severe pain in the first 24 h after surgery, a figure that has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. This review aims to present key considerations for postoperative pain management.

Methods

A narrative review of postoperative pain strategies was undertaken. Searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were performed using the terms postoperative care, psychological factor, pain management, acute pain service, analgesia, acute pain and pain assessment.

Results

Information on service provision, preoperative planning, pain assessment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies relevant to acute postoperative pain management in adults is presented, with a focus on enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.

Conclusion

Adequate perioperative pain management is integral to patient care and outcomes. Each of the biological, psychological and social dimensions of the pain experience should be considered and understood in order to provide optimum pain management in the postoperative setting.