bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking Health Information on Social Media
Authors: Li Yibai , Wang Xuequn
Published: October 2017

In the past few years, social media has changed the ways that health seekers seek health information. However, despite the tremendous growth of social media applications in the health-care industry, trust is still among the biggest challenges for social media health services in gaining greater acceptance. Drawn from previous literature on self-determination theory, social support, and trust, this study investigates people's intentions to seek health-information on social media. The authors carefully selected a sample from Italy with subjects who already had experience in seeking health information on social media. The empirical results show that informational support, emotional support, and the satisfaction of people's autonomy and relatedness needs play an important role through trust in influencing people's health-information-seeking intentions on social media. This study is among the first to adopt the theories of self-determination, social support, and trust to investigate people's intentions to seek health information on social media.
Running with the Pack
Authors: Mattson Thomas , Aurigemma Salvatore
Published: October 2017

Prior literature has utilized many theories to explain an organization's post-adoption technology use of social media platforms, but none of the common models include status as either a primary or a moderating variable. This is a significant gap in the literature because status is a structural enabler and inhibitor that determines acceptable and unacceptable behavior in a given setting. In an empirical study of Twitter and the cultural norm of retweeting for a sample of US colleges and universities, the authors demonstrate the following: (1) middle-status institutions had a higher likelihood of following the retweeting cultural norm relative to their high- and low-status counterparts, (2) middle- and low-status institutions who followed the retweeting cultural norm in a manner consistent with their status experienced greater post-adoption success relative to those institutions who did not, but the reverse was evident for high-status institutions (who appear to be rewarded for deviation from this cultural norm), and (3) the negative effect of deviating from retweeting cultural norms on post-adoption success is more pronounced with decreasing status.
Second Order Interactive End User Development Appropriation in the Public Sector
Authors: Avdic Anders
Published: October 2017

This paper seeks to respond to the research question: How does appropriation take place in the public sector in the development of end user applications by civil servants? Appropriation is defined as taking advantage of opportunities related to the development and use of applications, when the developer has in-depth knowledge of the problem domain and is also the primary user of the application. The author's results showed that public servants who have deep problem domain knowledge can take advantage of end user tools (e.g. spreadsheet programs) in the problem- solving process to solve vaguely defined problems. Appropriation is manifested in the continuous development of various ICT applications. In this paper, the author differentiates between first- and second-order appropriation. First-order appropriation takes place when the potential of the development tool is appropriated by the end user. Second-order appropriation takes place when an application is continuously developed and refined in parallel with the end user's learning process and the development of organizational requirements.
Entre pontos e sabatinas: conteúdos de ensino de português na Escola Normal Primária do Instituto de Educação de Florianópolis do ano de 1938
Authors: Silva Bianca Franchini da , Rodrigues Rosângela Hammes
Published: October 2017

Apresentamos a análise dos conteúdos privilegiados para o ensino de língua portuguesa na formação do professor do primário na Escola Normal Primária, constantes no Relatório do Grupo Escolar ‘Dias Velho’ do Instituto de Educação de Florianópolis, do ano de 1938. A investigação diz respeito somente a uma parte desse relatório, a dos conteúdos das sabatinas, compreendidos em uma seção específica do relatório denominada ‘Pontos sorteados nas sabatinas regulamentares e nos exames finais’. Esta pesquisa, por intermédio de um estudo de caso qualitativo de cunho documental, baseou-se teoricamente tanto nas obras do Círculo de Bakhtin quanto nos estudos sobre formação de professores de língua nos campos da Linguística Aplicada e da Educação. Seguindo-se a metodologia de pesquisa que se inicia a partir da análise da dimensão social dos enunciados para posterior análise da dimensão verbal, constatou-se que: o dado deste estudo, o relatório, enquanto enunciado, foi caracterizado como um enunciado pertencente a um gênero mais padronizado; os conteúdos das sabatinas de língua portuguesa assemelhavam-se aos conteúdos da disciplina de língua portuguesa do currículo do secundário da época (conteúdos estes predominantemente gramaticais e abordados de forma conceitual); e, por fim, os conteúdos das sabatinas de pedagogia e psicologia também abarcavam predominantemente definições conceituais. Concluímos que a formação Normal Primária do Instituto de Educação de Florianópolis, no ano de 1938, consistia mais num currículo geral e menos na formação docente para a atuação no primário.
Frankenstein, entre anjos e demônios: da recepção crítica midiática à análise semiológica
Authors: Kogawa João Marcos Mateus , Mazzola Renan Belmonte
Published: October 2017

Em 2014, foi lançado o filme Frankenstein, entre anjos e demônios (I, Frankenstein). O filme suscitou alguns comentários da crítica midiática dos quais elencamos alguns para objeto de nosso estudo. A análise dos enunciados críticos revela um discurso estruturado nos eixos da moralidade, da lucratividade, da tradicionalidade e da temporalidade que produzem um efeito de sentido de desqualificação do filme como algo que ‘fere’ a noção de ‘clássico’. A partir dessa constatação, este artigo desloca a ideia de que o novo filme de Frankenstein deveria responder a uma tradição cujo marco inaugural seria o texto de Mary Shelley para apontar sentidos que a reconstrução desse mito encerra em nossa contemporaneidade. Assim, o novo Frankenstein exige uma inter-relação entre aparato técnico – a tecnologia 3D – e um mito contemporâneo – um ideal de consumo voltado para a interatividade.
A teoria do discurso no cenário linguístico: uma nova via para o embate interior x exterior nos estudos da linguagem
Authors: Bonácio Daiany
Published: October 2017

A linguagem sempre despertou o interesse humano. Desde a antiguidade, foi discutida por sábios como Aristóteles e Platão. Os filósofos discorriam, por exemplo, sobre a relação entre os nomes e as coisas as quais eles nomeavam, se tal relação era natural ou convencional, na tentativa de explicitar o funcionamento da língua. Tais discussões fomentaram uma questão: em qual ponto deve concentrar-se os estudos da linguagem? No que se passa no interior do sujeito, na sua capacidade de falar? Ou no que se passa no exterior, a manifestação do interior considerando o social? Tal impasse foi se estendendo ao longo dos estudos linguísticos realizados. Frente à realidade descrita, este artigo se propõe a discutir o impasse entre uma abordagem da linguagem focada na interioridade e outra focada na exterioridade, traçando um percurso pelos estudos da linguagem desde os clássicos, passando pela teoria materialista de Michel Pêcheux até chegar aos conceitos propostos pelo filósofo Michel Foucault, os quais serão utilizados para a realização de uma análise sob a perspectiva discursiva. A Análise do Discurso procura pensar a Linguística fora dessa questão do logicismo e do sociologismo: ela propõe que se olhe para o discurso, oferecendo outro campo de estudo para a linguagem.
Development of a Novel CD4+ TCR Transgenic Line That Reveals a Dominant Role for CD8+ Dendritic Cells and CD40 Signaling in the Generation of Helper and CTL Responses to Blood-Stage Malaria
Authors: Fernandez-Ruiz Daniel , Lau Lei Shong , Ghazanfari Nazanin , Jones Claerwen M. , Ng Wei Yi , Davey Gayle M. , Berthold Dorothee , Holz Lauren , Kato Yu , Enders Matthias H. , Bayarsaikhan Ganchimeg , Hendriks Sanne H. , Lansink Lianne I. M. , Engel Jessica A. , Soon Megan S. F. , James Kylie R. , Cozijnsen Anton , Mollard Vanessa , Uboldi Alessandro D. , Tonkin Christopher J. , de Koning-Ward Tania F. , Gilson Paul R. , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Haque Ashraful , Crabb Brendan S. , Carbone Francis R. , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Heath William R.
Published: October 2017

We describe an MHC class II (I-Ab)–restricted TCR transgenic mouse line that produces CD4+ T cells specific for Plasmodium species. This line, termed PbT-II, was derived from a CD4+ T cell hybridoma generated to blood-stage Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). PbT-II cells responded to all Plasmodium species and stages tested so far, including rodent (PbA, P. berghei NK65, Plasmodium chabaudi AS, and Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL) and human (Plasmodium falciparum) blood-stage parasites as well as irradiated PbA sporozoites. PbT-II cells can provide help for generation of Ab to P. chabaudi infection and can control this otherwise lethal infection in CD40L-deficient mice. PbT-II cells can also provide help for development of CD8+ T cell–mediated experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) during PbA infection. Using PbT-II CD4+ T cells and the previously described PbT-I CD8+ T cells, we determined the dendritic cell (DC) subsets responsible for immunity to PbA blood-stage infection. CD8+ DC (a subset of XCR1+ DC) were the major APC responsible for activation of both T cell subsets, although other DC also contributed to CD4+ T cell responses. Depletion of CD8+ DC at the beginning of infection prevented ECM development and impaired both Th1 and follicular Th cell responses; in contrast, late depletion did not affect ECM. This study describes a novel and versatile tool for examining CD4+ T cell immunity during malaria and provides evidence that CD4+ T cell help, acting via CD40L signaling, can promote immunity or pathology to blood-stage malaria largely through Ag presentation by CD8+ DC.
Neurodegeneration in zebrafish embryos and adults after cadmium exposure
Authors: Monaco Antonio , Capriello Teresa , Grimaldi Maria C. , Schiano Valentina , Ferrandino Ida
Published: October 2017

Cadmium is a biologically non-essential metal. It is also toxic to many organs including the brain. The aim of this study was to analyse the neurodegenerative effects of this metal in embryos and adults of zebrafish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium. The study was performed by cytochemical stainings. Six hours after fertilisation (hpf) zebrafish embryos were treated for 24 hours with 9 μM of cadmium and subsequently stained with Acridine orange in whole mount to detect apoptosis in the brain. Adult zebrafish were treated for 16 days with the same concentration of cadmium, and cell death in the brain was detected by Fluoro-Jade B staining at 2, 7 and 16 days of treatment. An increase in cell death was observed only at 16 days of treatment in adults, while an increase in apoptotic events was revealed in the brain of embryos after 24 h of treatment. This evidence is indicative that cadmium, even at a sub-lethal concentration, induces cell death in the brain of embryos but also in adults of zebrafish in which the phenomenon appears time-dependent. 
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pineal Tumors and Drop Metastases: A Review Approach
Authors: Solomou Aikaterini G.
Published: October 2017

Pineal region tumors represent less than 1% and 3-8% of brain tumors in adults and children respectively. There is a wide range of pineal masses, with the majority being germ cell and pineal parenchymal tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for the assessment of pineal masses. It is considered as the gold standard for the evaluation of the central nervous system. MRI has the ability to produce very detailed images of the brain anatomy and is used to distinguish true pineal masses from parapineal with invasion of the gland. Specific MRI findings are helpful to the differential diagnosis of pineal tumors and the distinction between benign from malignant tumors. Pineal neoplasms may seed the subarachnoid space resulting in the development of intradural extramedullary metastases, known as drop metastases. MRI is the most sensitive method for the assessment of the spinal cord, meninges and nerve roots and the differentiation of the spinal lesions into intra/extra medullary and extradural. Because of its high sensitivity and the advances of the method, drop metastases can be easily diagnosed at an earlier stage than in the past, contributing to the selection of the appropriate treatment. Therefore, the entire neuroaxis should be investigated with MRI for the presence of intradural extramedullary lesions. The present study focuses on the main MR imaging characteristics of pineal masses and drop metastases with reference to the differential diagnosis. There is also a detailed approach to the MR protocol which should be obtained in order to evaluate the lesions.
The Radical New Perspective on Paul, Messianic Judaism and their connection to Christian Zionism
Authors: Du Toit Philip La Grange
Published: October 2017

The Radical New Perspective on Paul distinguishes between two subgroups of believers in Christ in Paul’s time: gentile believers and Jewish or Judaean believers. The same distinction is utilised in supporting contemporary Messianic Judaism, which presupposes an ongoing covenantal relationship between God and contemporary Jews that exists over and above Christianity. Many proponents of Christian Zionism, a Christian movement that envisions the Jews’ return to the land of Israel, utilise aspects of both the Radical New Perspective on Paul and Messianic Judaism in support of their beliefs. Ironically, while the Radical New Perspective on Paul is a certain product of post-holocaust theology, Christian Zionism can be perceived as a perpetuation of a kind of imperial theology that brings injustice to Palestinian people, especially in view of a post-imperial South African context. While none of these connections are inevitable, to point out the relationship between these approaches to identity serves to rethink some of the preconceived notions behind them, as well as some of the (unintended) consequences that arise from them.
Steve Biko Christ-figure: A black theological Christology in the Son of Man film
Authors: Mokoena Katleho K.
Published: October 2017

Son of Man (2006) is the first Jesus film to be produced in South Africa and the first Jesus film with an all-black cast amongst all films about the life of Jesus. Son of Man retells the story of Jesus from the pre-1994 South African context and the transition to democracy. The film portrays a Jesus who is concerned about social justice and seeks to dismantle systems that perpetuate and maintain subjugation, oppression, discrimination and marginalisation. The film reinforces the ideology of black consciousness and the praxis of black theology creatively and artistically through film. Jesus in Son of Man embodies the life of Stephen Bantu Biko, and Steve Biko is thus given a Christ-figure around four things: non-violence, ideology, disappearance and death. A black Christological perspective is used to analyse the nature of Jesus Christ in Son of Man.
Technology and education: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Cloete Anita L.
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to contribute to the continuous reflection on the integration of technology into education. In order to accomplish this aim, the use of technology in the form of blended learning and online education will be utilised to illustrate how technology plays a central role in education today. It is argued that technology should not merely be viewed as a tool, but rather as a medium that shapes culture. Therefore, the integration of technology into education should be accompanied by continuous reflection on the identifiable characteristics of technology as medium that is not value-neutral or a disembedded force. To the contrary, technology is socially embedded and could be directly linked to other social developments and processes. The article therefore wishes to highlight the social embeddedness of technology by stressing how it is intertwined with other social developments like economy. In order to utilise technology more effectively and in a responsible manner in education, the nature thereof as medium should be reflected on. In light of the discussion on the technology as a socially embedded medium, the possible challenges and opportunities that it poses as medium to education, are identified and discussed. Specific reference is made on how theological education could benefit from educational technologies.
Die sosiaal-wetenskaplike begrip change agent toegepas op die Efesiërbrief: ’n toepassing tot kerklike welwese
Authors: Van Wyk Barry J.
Published: October 2017

This article gives a short reflection on the background and origin of the social-scientific model change agent in relation to change agency, a relationship that causes an alternate state of consciousness for the change agent. Arguing from the seven-point explanation of Malina and Pilch of how a change agent operates, this article applies the model to the letter to the Ephesians. The conclusion is that this social-scientific model is helpful for the recent church to realise how narrow the relation is between Jesus Christ and the church, in view of the future of the church as a future in Christ. A choice is made to find alternate words in the Afrikaans language suitable for the theological debate, namely  opdraggewer [change agency],  meningsvormer [change agent] and alternatiewe staat van bewussyn [alternate state of consciousness].
Decolonising youth ministry models? Challenges and opportunities in Africa
Authors: Weber Shantelle
Published: October 2017

Anyone involved in youth ministry will be able to testify to the fact that no perfect youthministry model exists. Youth ministry models employed should consider the vision, missionand needs of the contexts in which they are to be used. Although not new, the term ‘decolonise’has become a prominent part of African discourses after the 2015 and 2016 student protests atvarious university campuses in South Africa. A strong call to decolonise theology and how wedo church has been included in these calls. Students have argued against a theology andecclesiology that is exclusively based on European and other international foundations. Mychallenge with all these discussions has been discerning the difference between decolonisationand contextualisation within theology. I have often wondered whether those calling for adecolonised theology are actually referring to problems connected to a theology that is notcorrectly contextualised. When I ask whether youth ministry models in Africa should bedecolonised, I do so in the awareness that these models have brought with them both challengesand opportunities for ministry on this continent. Youth ministry models employed in Africaneed to stem from the contextual situations and readings of the biblical text in which they findthemselves. This article is aimed at exploring the work of Scripture Union as a mission-basedyouth ministry model in Africa in view of the present call to decolonise theology.
Assessing the test–retest repeatability of insulin resistance measures: Homeostasis model assessment 2 and oral glucose insulin sensitivity
Authors: Crofts Catherine A.P. , Wheldon Mark C. , Zinn Caryn , Lan-Pidhainy Xiaomiao , Wolever Thomas M.S. , Schofield Grant
Published: October 2017

Background: Insulin resistance is commonly assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) variants. HOMA is potentially insensitive to change because of its high coefficient of variation. The repeatability coefficient is an alternative means of assessing test repeatability. To be confident of clinical change, rather than biological variation, a subsequent test needs to differ from the former by more than the repeatability coefficient using the equation.Test 1 = Test 2 ± repeatability coefficient.The repeatability coefficients for measures of insulin resistance are unknown.Aim: To compare the repeatability coefficient of HOMA2 variants (Beta-cell function [%B], insulin sensitivity [%S], insulin resistance [IR]) to a dynamic measure of insulin resistance, and the oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) test.Setting: The raw data from a previously used data set were reanalysed.Methods: Glycaemic and insulinaemic tests were performed on 32 men and women both with (n = 10) and without type 2 diabetes (n = 22). From these data, eight fasting tests and three 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests were used to calculate HOMA2 and OGIS. The methods of Bland and Altman assessed repeatability.Results: Repeatability coefficients for all participants for the HOMA2 %B, %S and IR variants were 72.91, 189.75 and 0.9, which equates to 89%, 135% and 89% of their respective grand means. By contrast, OGIS had a repeatability coefficient of 87.13, which equates to 21% of the grand mean.Conclusion: Because of the high repeatability coefficient relative to the grand mean, use of HOMA2 measures for assessing insulin resistance in small population studies should be reconsidered.
Literator USAN edition editorial
Authors: Viljoen Louise , Lourens Amanda
Published: October 2017

No abstract available.
Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic
Authors: Kovesdy Csaba P. , Furth Susan L. , Zoccali Carmine
Published: October 2017

No Abstract Available.
The noncommunicable disease outcomes of primary healthcare screening in two rural subdistricts of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Rheeder Paul , Morris-Paxton Angela A. , Ewing Rose-Marie G. , Woods Dillon
Published: October 2017

Background: Middle and lower income countries are challenged with a double burden of disease: while still coping with the onslaught of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and increasing levels of tuberculosis (TB), there is a considerable increase in the level of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The poor are especially disadvantaged and are at an increased risk for NCDs. Adequate healthcare resources for this environment can only be allocated once the extent and exact nature of the problem is determined.Aim and setting: The aim of this study was to collect demographic and NCD-related data in the poorest community of the poorest province of South Africa in order to determine the extent of the problem and advise on allocation of resources accordingly.Methods: Data were collected via a household primary health screening process, which included taking anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and blood glucose and referring to clinics for further testing and treatment where necessary.Results: It was found that the population screened was generally older, consisted of women, and had a high incidence of obesity and hypertension. Of note was the fact that in those without known hypertension, close to 40% of individuals had possible newly diagnosed hypertension. This increased with increase in age and body mass index (BMI). The total prevalence of diabetes was close to 5%, but possible new diabetes was considerably lower at approximately 1%.Conclusion: In this rural area of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, undiagnosed hypertension is a major concern and renewed efforts at detection and control are warranted.
The value of the WIRHE Scholarship Programme in training health professionals for rural areas: Views of participants
Authors: Mapukata Nontsikelelo O. , Couper Ian , Smith Jocelyn
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Rural hospitals in South Africa, as elsewhere, face enduring shortages of, and challenges in attracting and retaining, suitably qualified staff. The Wits Initiative for Rural Health Education (WIRHE), based at the University of the Witwatersrand but covering three universities, is a rural scholarship programme established to find local solutions to these challenges in the North West and Mpumalanga provinces. The purpose of this evaluation was to ascertain whether the WIRHE project was achieving its objectives.Methods: This article draws from an evaluation commissioned by the Swiss-South African Cooperative Initiative, a major funder of the programme when WIRHE was launched in 2003. Qualitative interviews were conducted either as face-to-face meetings or telephonically with 21 WIRHE students and graduates. Content analysis was undertaken to identify common themes.Results: There was a consistency in the findings as the students and graduates reported similar experiences. Many of the participants were overwhelmed by their initial challenges of having to adapt to a different language, an institutional culture and resources that they previously did not have access to. The participants acknowledged the role of WIRHE staff in facilitating the transition from home to university and, in particular, the value of the financial and academic support. The geographic distance to Wits presented a challenge for the Pretoria- and Sefako Makgatho-based students. The holiday work affirmed clinical advantages for WIRHE students and heightened students’ interest in becoming healthcare workers.Conclusion: WIRHE’s key success factors are the financial, academic and emotional support offered to students. WIRHE achieved its objectives based on a principled strategic approach and an understanding that students from rural backgrounds are more likely to return to rural areas. The study supports the value of structured support programmes for students of rural origin as they pursue their studies.
Modelling the critical success factors of agile software development projects in South Africa
Authors: Chiyangwa Tawanda B. , Mnkandla Ernest
Published: October 2017

Background: The continued in failure of agile and traditional software development projects have led to the consideration, attention and dispute to critical success factors that are the aspects which are most vital to make a software engineering methodology fruitful. Although there is an increasing variety of critical success factors and methodologies, the conceptual frameworks which have causal relationship are limited.Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and provide insights into the critical success factors that influence the success of software development projects using agile methodologies in South Africa.Method: Quantitative method of collecting data was used. Data were collected in South Africa through a Web-based survey using structured questionnaires.Results: These results show that organisational factors have a great influence on performance expectancy characteristics.Conclusion: The results of this study discovered a comprehensive model that could provide guidelines to the agile community and to the agile professionals.
Effect of a breast navigation programme in a teaching hospital in Africa
Authors: Riogi Bahaty , Wasike Ronald , Saidi Hassan
Published: October 2017

Background: Breast cancer screening programmes have been developed in few developing countries to aid curb the increasing burden. However, breast cancer is still being detected in late stage, attributed to barriers in health care. Patient navigation programmes have been implemented in developed countries to help patients overcome these barriers, and they have been associated with early detection and timely diagnosis. Despite the consistent positive effects of breast navigation programmes, there are no studies conducted to show its effect in Africa where the needs are enormous.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of patient navigation programme on patient return after an abnormal clinical breast cancer screening examination finding at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi(AKUH-N).
Setting: Women presenting for breast screening.
Methods: This was a before-and-after study conducted on 76 patients before and after the implementation of the navigation programme. They were followed up for 30 days. Measures included proportion of patient return and time to return.
Results: The proportion of return of patients in the navigated and non-navigated group was 57.9% and 23.7%, respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 4.43 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54– 12.78]; p = 0.0026).The proportion of timely return in the navigated group was 90.1% and 77.8% for the non-navigated group (OR: 2.85 [95% CI: 0.34–24.30], p = 0.34). The mean time to return in the non-navigated and navigated group was 7.33 days and 8.33 days, respectively (p = 0.67).
Conclusion: There was an increase in the proportion of patients who returned for follow-up following abnormal clinical breast examination finding after implementation of the breast navigation programme at AKUH-N.
Класс банаховых алгебр обобщенных матриц
Authors: Sadr M. M.
Published: October 2017

Вводится класс банаховых алгебр обобщенных матриц. Исследуется существование аппроксимативных единиц, структура идеалов, и дифференцирования этих алгебр.
Задача Ли и дифференциальные инварианты ОДУ вида $y-F(x,y)$
Authors: Bibikov Pavel Vitalievich
Published: October 2017

В статье рассматривается точечная классификация обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений вида $y-F(x,y)$. Вычислена алгебра дифференциальных инвариантов действия псевдогруппы точечных симметрий на правых частях уравнений вида $y-F(x,y)$, решена проблема Ли о точечной эквивалентности таких уравнений.
What determines firms’ access to credit in the absence of effective economic institutions: evidence from China
Authors: Fu Tong
Published: October 2017

The existing literature suggests that economic institutions determine the allocation of resources for economic growth. As an important counterexample, although China has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, its legal and financial systems are underdeveloped. With evidence from China, the author confirms that government intervention positively and causally determines firms’ access to credit. The author further provides evidence that government intervention enables firms’ profit through facilitating access to credit. This evidence confirms that the mechanism of government intervention allows firms’ access to credit and then enables the firms to obtain relatively large profits. Ultimately, this paper reveals that, in the absence of effective economic institutions, government intervention determines firms’ access to credit.
The Raincoats' The Raincoats
Authors: Pelly Jenn
Published: October 2017

In 1979, from the basement of a London squat, the Raincoats reinvented what punk could be. They had a violin player. They came from Portugal, Spain, and England. Their anarchy was poetic. Working with the iconic Rough Trade Records at its radical beginnings, they were the first group of punk women to actively call themselves feminists.

In this short book – the first on the Raincoats – author Jenn Pelly tells the story of the group’s audacious debut album, which Kurt Cobain once called “wonderfully classic scripture.” Pelly builds on rare archival materials and extensive interviews with members of the Raincoats, Sleater-Kinney, Bikini Kill, Hole, Scritti Politti, Gang of Four, and more. She draws formal inspiration from the collage-like The Raincoats itself to explore this album’s magic, vulnerability, and strength.
When Genres Collide
Authors: Brennan Matt
Published: October 2017

When Genres Collide is a provocative history that rethinks the relationship between jazz and rock through the lens of the two oldest surviving and most influential American popular music periodicals: Down Beat and Rolling Stone. Writing in 1955, Duke Ellington argued that the new music called rock ‘n’ roll “is the most raucous form of jazz, beyond a doubt.” So why did jazz and rock subsequently become treated as separate genres?

The rift between jazz and rock (and jazz and rock scholarship) is based on a set of received assumptions about their fundamental differences, but there are other ways popular music history could have been written. By offering a fresh examination of key historical moments when the trajectories and meanings of jazz and rock intersected, overlapped, or collided, it reveals how music critics constructed an ideological divide between jazz and rock that would be replicated in American musical discourse for decades to follow.
Camp Lo's Uptown Saturday Night
Authors: Rivers Patrick , Fulton Will
Published: October 2017

Geechi Suede and Sonny Cheeba are Camp Lo. These two emcees from the Bronx, NY entered the American hip hop scene with an insider slang that bewildered listeners as they radiated the look of a bygone era of black culture. In 1996, they collaborated with producer Ski and a host of other contributors to create Uptown Saturday Night, featuring the seminal single “Luchini (a.k.a. This is It).” While other 1990s rappers referred to 1970s Blaxploitation culture, Camp Lo were self-described “time travelers” who weaved the slang and style of a soulful past into state-of-the-art lyrical flows.

Uptown Saturday Night is a tapestry of 1970s black popular culture and 1990s New York City hip hop. This volume will detail how the album’s fantastic world of “Coolie High” reflected classic films like Cooley High and the Sidney Poitier film from which the album’s title is derived, and promoted vintage slang and fashion. The book features new interviews with Camp Lo, producer Ski, Trugoy the Dove from De La Soul, Ish from Digable Planets, and others, and offers musical and cultural analyses that detail the development of the album and its essential contributions to a post-soul aesthetic.
Challenges to Global Implementation of Infrared Thermography Technology: Current Perspective
Authors: Shterenshis Michael
Published: October 2017

Medical infrared thermography (IT) produces an image of the infrared waves emitted by the human body as part of the thermoregulation process that can vary in intensity based on the health of the person. This review analyzes recent developments in the use of infrared thermography as a screening and diagnostic tool in clinical and nonclinical settings, and identifies possible future routes for improvement of the method. Currently, infrared thermography is not considered to be a fully reliable diagnostic method. If standard infrared protocol is established and a normative database is available, infrared thermography may become a reliable method for detecting inflammatory processes.
La representación de la "femme fatale" en el universo narrativo de "Muerte de un ciclista" (Juan Antonio Bardem, 1955)
Authors: Guillamón Carrasco Silvia
Published: October 2017

Este artículo analiza la representación de la femme fatale en Muerte de un ciclista (Juan Antonio Bardem, 1955) como un recurso sintomático de la disidencia de Bardem respecto a la dictadura franquista. Partiendo de una perspectiva interdisciplinar que considera las aportaciones de la teoría semiótica y la teoría fílmica feminista, se aplica una metodología de análisis textual que atiende tanto a la estructura narrativa del film como a los procesos de significación, visuales y sintácticos, asociados a la femme fatale. Las conclusiones del análisis muestran un estereotipo fuertemente codificado y anclado en la narrativa clásica de la sanción, revelando la dificultad de articular, en el cine bajo el franquismo, un modelo de feminidad alternativo a la norma del matrimonio y al orden de lo materno.
The Reality of Using Electronic Learning Applications in Education by the Science Teachers in the Schools of A-Tafilah Governorate
Authors: Al-Muhasen Nusaibah Muhmmad
Published: October 2017

This study addressed the reality of using e-learning applications in teaching science at Tafila schools. It also sought to identify the attitudes of science teachers at Tafila schools towards e-learning applications and the obstacles they encounter when using them. The study employed a descriptive methodology to achieve its objectives. The sample consists of (197) teachers from public schools in Tafila Directorate of Education. The findings of the study showed that the majority of the sample members sufficiently use e-learning applications despite their weak or negative attitudes towards them. No statistical difference was found in the teachers application of e- learning Attributable to teachers gender, teacher experience and education. In additional, The study found that the lack of personal computers at schools was considered the major obstacle teachers face. Accordingly, the study recommended offering more financial and spiritual incentives to teachers, increasing the financial support devoted to e-learning and staffing schools with technicians as well as computer experts to help teachers use e-learning applications.
Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascularization as an Unusual Complication of POEMS Syndrome
Authors: Nicolai Heleen , Cassiman Catherine , Delforge Michel , Leys Anita
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To report the association of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with bilateral papilledema and bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a 61-year-old man and to compare our findings with data from a review of the literature.

Case report

Diagnosis of POEMS syndrome was based on paraproteinemia immunoglobulin A lambda associated with progressive sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Shortly later, loss of vision of the left eye (LE) was noted and bilateral papilledema was observed with peripapillary hemorrhages and papillomacular subretinal fluid. Lenalidomide 25 mg daily and weekly dexamethasone 20 mg were administered and the patient was followed up closely. The systemic complaints initially were controlled and peripheral neuropathy improved. Regression of the papilledema and hemorrhages was observed as well as regression of the papillomacular edema in the LE. However, after a few months, the systemic VEGF levels increased, and an active CNV was diagnosed in the LE. Melphalan and prednisone were administered systemically, and the CNV was treated with bevacizumab intravitreal injections and these treatments proved to be effective.

Conclusions

Optic disc edema is reported frequently in POEMS syndrome but complication with CNV is rare, this being the second reported case.
Purtscher-like Retinopathy Associated with High Altitude Travel
Authors: Chang Luke Y. , Mi Cindy W. , Im Lily , Patronas Marena
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with travel at high altitude.

Methods

Case report.

Results

A 67-year-old man presented 2 weeks after acute vision loss in his left eye that occurred while he was hiking in the mountains of South America. Funduscopic examination revealed multiple cotton-wool spots and discrete areas of retinal whitening. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated areas of choroidal fluorescence blocked by retinal whitening, delayed arteriovenous transit time, and late capillary leakage. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed hyperreflectivity in the inner plexiform, inner nuclear, and outer plexiform layers localized to the areas of retinal whitening. These findings were believed to be most consistent with Purtscher flecken, and the patient was diagnosed with Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Conclusions

Purtscher-like retinopathy may be linked to travel at high altitude through retinal vessel dilation and constriction leading to retinal vasospasm and precapillary arteriole occlusion. This proposed mechanism of pathogenesis suggests that Purtscher-like retinopathy may represent a partial central retinal artery occlusion.
Mark Twain's India: The Private-Public Divide inFollowing the Equator
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: October 2017

Mark Twain lectured across the Indian subcontinent for over two months and narrated his experiences of India, Australia, and South Africa in his travelogue Following the Equator (1897). Even though Twain makes transnational connections between slavery at home and European imperialism around the globe, his travelogue is replete with ideologically contradictory statements. He alternates between respect for native cultures and a typical nineteenth-century assertion of the superiority of Anglo-American civilization. This article examines Twain's varying private responses to people and cultural practices in India. It also analyses his problematic endorsement of the British Empire as “reinforced by just and liberal laws,” which was in contrast with his later scathing denunciation of American imperialism. It will delve into the possible reasons for Twain's complicity with the colonialist discourse when he operates in a public sphere informed by his reliance on colonialist sources of history.
Literary Regionalism and Mark Twain's Telephone
Authors: Keck Sean
Published: October 2017

Focusing on the work of Mark Twain, this article considers the convergence of two late nineteenth-century voice technologies: dialect writing and the telephone. The racial and rural dialects transcribed by regionalist fiction offered mostly white, urban, middle-class readers entertaining encounters with “other” voices from a safe remove. The rhetoric surrounding the telephone's development promised that it would one day fulfill the same function in real time. But “the ideological power of dialect literature” (Gavin Jones) reinforced stereotypes rather than conveying geographically or socially distant voices to readers. Similarly, despite early fantasies of cross-cultural communication, the telephone facilitated socially insular conversation as it became systematized. Twain, however, emphasized the numerous miscommunications of the emergent telephone. Especially in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889), he debunked the myth of cultural contact promulgated by dialect writing and telephony by making readers question their ears.
“A Fiction of Law and Custom”: Mark Twain's Interrogation of White Privilege in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Authors: Spencer Andrew
Published: October 2017

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, this article argues, a novel that attacks the very premise of racial hierarchies through Twain's satirical presentation of those who so willingly endorse the practice of subjugating those of nonwhite races. Through a close reading of the text and an examination of Twain's own experiences with African Americans (and his writings about those experiences), it demonstrates how Twain uses various characters throughout the novel—including the widow Douglas and Miss Watson, Pap Finn, the king and duke, and others—to serve as negative examples of those who cling to racist ideologies. Reading through the lens of critical race theory, a new approach to teaching the novel as an attack on the foundations of racism emerges. In the end, this article argues that Twain was focused on dismantling the “fiction of law and custom” that he knew racial hierarchies to be.
Standing in Some True Relation: Mark Twain Visits “The Custom House”
Authors: Ryan Ann M.
Published: October 2017

The pairing of Mark Twain and Nathaniel Hawthorne may seem unlikely: the former, a Western humorist, onetime bohemian and perennial extrovert with a taste for cigars and a “call to literature of a low order”; the latter, a Romantic by disposition and by choice, who preferred the shadows to the spotlight. Yet in many respects, these oppositions point toward a deeper connection between the two. Both Hawthorne and Twain are inextricably linked to their childhood homes, Salem and Hannibal, places that formed their imaginative lives, while also inspiring their occasional contempt. This ambivalent response to the myth of American origins is the theme of “The Custom House.” As the redheaded stepchild of Hawthorne's imagination, Mark Twain takes up the satire of “The Custom House.” Like a post-Romantic Surveyor Pue, Twain inherits Hawthorne's memoir and in The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson adapts its critique to the failures of Reconstruction.
“Fiction of Law and Custom”: Personhood Under Jurisdictional Law and Social Codes in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson
Authors: McCoy Sharon D.
Published: October 2017

Twain's legal satire in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson centers on specific conflicts of legal definition and jurisdiction between the states of Missouri, Ohio, Illinois, New York, and Virginia—as well as their conflict with national ideals and religious or social codes. Understanding these specific conflicts illuminates the stakes for various characters in both novels. Specific laws on racial definition, suffrage requirements, emancipation, creditors' rights, and legal control over minors, married women, and chattel property (including the enslaved) restrict Roxy, her son, Jim, Huck, Huck's pap, and the Ohio professor, but conflicts of jurisdiction can offer entrapment or increased opportunity. Perhaps even more important, so long as the legal application of democratic ideals is based firmly in conflicting territorial boundaries, economic self-interest, and the denial of the personhood of significant portions of the population, the national struggle about what it means “to do right” will continue.
A Knight on the Mississippi: Teaching Twain Within Arthuriana
Authors: Mullally Erin
Published: October 2017

Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is often taught in courses dedicated to the Arthurian tradition. How does Twain both reproduce and create anew the character of King Arthur? What about Hank's impressions of Arthur are unique to Twain's novel and what harks back to the medieval origins of this legendary character? This article explores both the character of Arthur and the novel's conclusion, in light of the larger field of Arthuriana.
Urban Logistics: Establishing Key Concepts and Building a Conceptual Framework for Future Research
Authors: Rose William J. , Bell John E. , Autry Chad W. , Cherry Christopher R.
Published: October 2017

The world is rapidly urbanizing, causing businesses to rethink venerable principles related to logistics and distribution. As populations urbanize and customer service expectations escalate, firms seek new ways to serve urban customers but are often frustrated by numerous complexities inherent to the urban context. Through a systematic literature review, this research combines concepts and theories from multiple nonbusiness disciplines in order to provide a foundation for understanding the urban environments within which logistics activities increasingly occur. In doing so, our review serves as a genesis for urban logistics theory development. The research identifies three distinct urban logistics stakeholder groups, each of which influences, directly or indirectly, urban logistics operations, and then uncovers four urban environmental characteristics that impede the implementation of traditional logistical systems and processes. Our analysis thereby enables managers to develop new logistical strategies that are suited to specific urban environments.