bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on short-term forecasting of power load based on big data BP neural network
Authors: Wang Haiji , Lu Xueying
Published: December 2022

The power network system is an indispensable part of the economy development, which directly affects the stable operation of various industries and people’s daily life. During the stable operation of the power system, the prediction of the power load plays an important role in the load scheduling of the power system. Aiming at the problem of short-term load forecasting of power system, this paper established a short-term forecasting model of power load based on the BP neural network forecasting model through the collection of big data and modified the network weights and thresholds through model training. Finally, a short-term prediction of the power load of a certain community was carried out. The results show that the prediction model based on BP neural network can accurately predict the short-term power load with small prediction errors and good prediction performance. It can meet the precision requirements of power system operation scheduling.
A Permission Control Assistant Tool Design for Smart Power Terminals
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhai Feng , Liang Xiaobing , Cao Yongfeng , Gao Bo
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of smart power terminals equipped with embedded operating systems, business APPs have emerged rapidly along with them. Since various business APPs have excessive access to system resources, this will lead to the waste of system resources, and at the same time, the system security is not guaranteed. Therefore, in this paper, based on the context-aware program access control hardware resource framework, an auxiliary tool is designed to control the access of business APPs with excessive authority. The auxiliary tool trains the model through the steps of training sample collection, sample data processing, feature extraction, parameter selection, and model training. By conducting simulation experiments, the results show that by using the auxiliary tool proposed in this paper, the device can well identify the business APPs with excessive privileges and reduce the abuse of related resources with a small load, which has almost negligible impact on the users’ usage.
Calculation method of the bell insulator to double-shed insulator contamination ratio based on the evaluation accuracy of area pollution level
Authors: Wang Yaoping , Li Te , Wu Qiang , Wang Zhenguo , Li Wenhui , Ma Xun , Wang Yu
Published: December 2022

In order to make full use of the ESDD test data of on-site bell insulators to evaluate the area pollution level, a new calculation method of the bell insulator to double-shed insulator contamination ratio is proposed, which is based on the principle of minimizing the misjudgment of the area pollution level. Natural contamination test was carried out in Taizhou, Zhejiang province, and the contamination ratio was calculated based on the test data. According to the probability distribution model of test data, 10,000 sample data are randomly generated for verification. The results show that the misjudgment rate of pollution area of the proposed method is 21.41%, which is lower than the traditional method of taking the arithmetic average or geometric average for several test points.
Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Pitch Motors Based on Ensemble Learning Approach
Authors: Yin Xiaoyan , Fan Yupeng , Qin Yi , Jiang Haojie , Jiang Hao , Ye Xiang
Published: December 2022

Machine learning-based condition monitoring of wind turbines’ critical components is an active area of research, especially for pitch systems, which suffer from a high failure rate. In this work, we successfully predicted and detected the high-temperature fault of the electric pitch motor by analyzing SCADA data through the ensemble learning-based approach. For that, normal behavior models to predict pitch motor temperature were constructed respectively for three pitch motors by gradient boosting tree regression. Residual evolution before the reported high-temperature fault was studied by the sliding window approach. A Shewhart control chart was applied to detect the anomalies of temperature. The proposed approach successfully gave an early warning for the potential high-temperature fault of electric pitch motors around ten days prior to the SCADA system.
Power Grid Dispatching Optimization Assistant Decision-making Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Zhifeng , Zhu Wen , Jiang Wei
Published: December 2022

At present, the power grid dispatching assistant decision-making model relies on the model-driven solution method, which leads to too long a calculation time. Therefore, an auxiliary decision-making model for power grid dispatching optimization based on a deep learning algorithm is proposed. The objective function of power grid dispatching optimization is defined for the power grid connected with multiple renewable energy sources. Relying on cloud computing technology, the power grid dispatching and monitoring data are obtained and saved as different knowledge systems. The long and short-term memory network is selected from the deep learning field, and the Bi-LSTM network structure unit is designed. The scheduling decision model is constructed using the bi-layer Bi-LSTM neural network, and the optimal scheduling decision is obtained by deep learning of the historical scheduling data. The calculation results show that the longest time of the model is 0.04s. The shortest time is only 0.02s, which improves the efficiency of auxiliary decision-making and enhances the stability of power grid operation to a certain extent.
Power Grid Dispatching Data Identification Method Based on Deep Packet Detection
Authors: Zhao Enlai , Su Xinlei , Wang Yuling , Liu Pengyuan , Yang Jun , Pan Shitong
Published: December 2022

It is difficult for the conventional data identification model to interconnect with the open system, and the identification deviation cannot be controlled, resulting in the gradual increase of the false alarm rate. Therefore, the research and verification of the power grid dispatching data identification method based on deep packet detection are proposed. According to an identification standard, dynamically mark and screen the abnormal data in the process and then mark a model identification position according to the obtained identification characteristics. It interconnects a deep packet inspection program with an open system, reduces the control range and the identification deviation, realizes the design of a deep packet inspection data identification model, and finally carries out secondary identification of the data. And that data identification is completed by adopting a depth parallel correction method. The final test results show that the final false alarm rate of the designed deep packet detection power grid dispatching data identification test group is relatively low, which is better controlled below 10%, which indicates that in the process of practical application, the identification deviation of the power grid dispatching data is low. The pertinence is stronger, and the time consumed is greatly reduced, which has practical application significance.
Design and evaluation of an MRF damper for semi-active vibration control of the machining processes
Authors: Warke Vivek , Kumar Satish , Bongale Arunkumar , Kotecha Ketan
Published: December 2022

Cutting forces and vibrations generated during machining significantly affects the cutting tool and the integrity of the workpiece surface. Therefore, it is necessary to control or reduce those vibrations. Among the different vibration control methods, semi-active and active vibration control approaches are more effective than traditional methods. Also, with recent advancements in smart fluids and materials, the Magnetorheological fluid has gained attention in semi-active vibration control. In the present study, the novel monotube MRF damper is designed, fabricated, and evaluated for use in an end-milling process. The MRF damper has higher radial dimensions to develop a large damping force and reduce system complexity. The performance of a developed MRF damper is analyzed using the Bouc-Wen model, whose parameters are tuned for the developed MRF damper and validated experimentally under the different excitation currents, frequencies, and amplitude. The experimental and simulated damping forces are well agreed with each other, having a range of 13%–17%. The damper provides a maximum damping force of 1700 N under the excitation current of 2 A, and a frequency of 1 Hz at the amplitude of 8 mm. Moreover, it was also observed that the excitation current has a higher influence on the damping force than the frequency and amplitude. Thus, the developed MRF is further used in end-milling to reduce the cutting forces generated during the material removal, which shows that vibration damping significantly reduces 40%–65% of the cutting forces generated during the normal end-milling operation.
Trends in tree cover change over three decades related to interannual climate variability and wildfire in California
Authors: Dwomoh Francis K , Auch Roger F , Brown Jesslyn F , Tollerud Heather J
Published: December 2022

The U.S. State of California has experienced frequent drought events, hotter temperatures and other disruptions to the climate system whose effects on ecosystems have been widely reported in recent decades. Studies primarily confined to specific vegetation communities or species, individual drought incidents, or analysis over a relatively short intervals, has limited our understanding of the broad-scale effects on tree cover and the spatiotemporal variability of effects across broader regions. We focused analysis on multi-annual land cover and land surface change to assess patterns and trends in tree cover loss in tree-dominated Californian ecoregions from 1986 to 2019. The top three years of total tree cover loss for the state were 2018 (1901 km2), 2015 (1556 km2), and 2008 (1549 km2). Overall, annual tree cover loss had upward trends. Tree cover loss rapidly surged later in the study period and was apparently driven by climate stress and wildfires. Underlying geographic variability was apparent in both non-fire and fire-related tree cover loss that sharply increased during hotter multi-year droughts. The increasingly hotter and drier climate conditions were associated with significant increases in fire-induced mortality. Our findings indicate that a possible effect of future hotter and drier climate would lead to further tree cover loss, thereby endangering California’s ecosystem goods and services. Geographic variability in tree cover trends indicates that ecoregion-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies would be useful to conserve the region’s forest resources. Such strategies may benefit from consideration of historical disturbances, ecoregion’s sensitivity to disturbance types, as well as potential ecoregion-specific climate-vegetation-fire feedbacks.
Magnetic excitations in the one-dimensional Heisenberg–Ising model with external fields and their experimental realizations
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Wang Xiao , Wu Jianda
Published: December 2022

The one dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, a prototype quantum many-body system, has been intensively studied for many years. In this review, after a short introduction on some basic concepts of group theory for the octahedral group, a detailed pedagogical framework is laid down to derive the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the Co-based materials. The 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model is obtained when applying the analysis to quasi-1D antiferromagnetic materials

BaCo

2

V

2

O

8

and

SrCo

2

V

2

O

8

. After the preparation, we review the theoretical progresses of a variety of novel magnetic excitations and emergent physics in the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, and further summarize their recent experimental realizations.
Postcolonial Writing and the History of Revolution
Authors: Mufti Nasser
Published: December 2022

Integral to the idea of revolution in postcolonial thought is a theory of the intellectual. The problem of the bourgeois elite—and, by extension, the bourgeois intellectual—is central to how postcolonial thought has understood the unfolding of bourgeois revolution in the colonial peripheries. This is why postcolonial thinkers such as Edward Said, Ranajit Guha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak have frequently turned to Karl Marx’s aphorism about the peasantry from The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, “They cannot represent themselves; they must be represented.” Far from originating in postcolonial theory, Marx’s claims about the peasantry have a prehistory in Pan-Africanism and anticolonial thought of the mid-century (Marcus Garvey, George Padmore, C. L. R. James, and Frantz Fanon). These encounters with the contradictions of bourgeois revolution in the colonies (Partha Chatterjee) are also a motif in postcolonial reflections on the failures of decolonization (V. S. Naipaul, Ayi Kwei Armah, and Ama Ata Aidoo).
Brown/Brownness/Mestizaje
Authors: Laguna Correa Franco A.
Published: December 2022

The representation of both individuality and collectivity in Latina/o literatures can be understood in terms of racial representation as well as in relation to colonial and neocolonial Weltanschauungen or worldviews. The colonial past of Spanish/Latin America imposed economic and biopolitical conditions based on a casta system that assigned different levels of humanness and determined the life expectations of human beings depending on a racial structure of signification that placed skin coloration and racial phenotype at the center of the colonial biopolitical order. Within the US context, this structure of racial signification has historically relied on the conceptualization of Brownness as a starting point to access the overarching terms of mestizaje/miscegenation, which through the early stages of the formation of the Latina/o literary canon have been both racial and literary tropes that have distinguished the coming-of-age process of Americanization—without losing their ties to Latinidad—of Mexican Americans/Chicanas/os, Puerto Ricans/Nuyoricans, Dominican Americans, U.S. Central Americans, and Cuban Americans, among other communities with cultural and ethnic links to Spanish/Latin America. Although since the first decades of the 20th century mestizaje became in Spanish/Latin America a synthetic racial category that underscored dark Brownness as the result of the racial intermix between Spanish and Indigenous people, the historical development of the term mestizaje hasn’t had the same connotations among U.S. Latina/o communities. Mestizaje in the United States, instead, has been read mostly in relation to Mexican Americans and Chicana/o collectivities, with a geopolitical focus on Mexican American people from the Borderlands. From approximately 2010 to 2020, the emergence of the term “Latinx” has shed critical light upon historically erased collectivities that in both the United States and Spanish/Latin America have been placed within the racialized boundaries of Blackness. Thus, the biolegitimization of “Afrolatinx” and “Afro-Latin American” communities not only has acquired an identity politics signification but has also entered the literary imagination of new Latina/o literatures. Departing from this critical perspective, the maintenance of the Latina/o literary field requires the development of an organic engagement with the political and cultural signifiers “Latinx” and “Afrolatinx,” as each of these terms brings into the Latina/o literary realm the continuous exploration of racial, gender, and national identity fluidity among Latina/o communities.
Transnational Queer Translations
Authors: Atay Ahmet
Published: December 2022

One of the arguments that queer color of critique makes is that queer theory and queer studies and their applications in communication studies are not intersectional. This criticism also includes the dominance of White voices, perspectives, and methodologies. Hence, some scholars argue that although queer theory and queer studies promise inclusion, they are not inclusive enough. Following this criticism, in this essay I claim that in addition to the dominance of White perspectives and the hegemony of English, queer studies in the communication discipline is U.S.-centric. Therefore, I argue that to fully understand queer experiences, as communication scholars we must take intersectional and transnational perspectives to make sense of queer lives. In this article, the author offers transnational queer slippages and translations as a perspective to examine diasporic and transnational queer experiences. Here, I argue that diasporic and transnational individuals often live in multiple cultures and different nation-states and speak more than one language. Hence, they constantly maneuver between cultures and nation-states and often translate from one experience to another. Sometimes, due to linguistic limitations, such as the lack of a word to mirror their experience, they fail to translate. Moreover, diasporic and transnational queer individuals often experience different layers of cultural maneuvering because they also have to negotiate their queerness. They translate their experiences from mainstream culture to queer culture, from the mainstream queer culture to their individualized diasporic and queer experiences. Thus, they often experience constant translations. When they fail to translate, they begin to experience slippages. I refer to these slippages as queer slippages because they do not only translate between nation-states, cultures, and languages, but they also translate between mainstream queer culture and diasporic or transnational queer experiences. These slippages can be liberatory because they offer possibilities, but they can also be very challenging for those who are stuck in those slippages.
Spanish Queer Cinema
Authors: Fouz Hernández Santiago
Published: December 2022

LGBTQ+ lives in Spain have experienced drastic changes since the days of the Franco dictatorship. Then, laws were made to prosecute and incarcerate queers. Now, Spain enjoys one of the most comprehensive legal frameworks to protect LGBTQ+ rights. Spanish cinema, in part, reflects this evolution. Heavy censorship made representation of LGBTQ+ characters almost impossible during Franco, although in the early years crusade films created homosocial scenarios which could be read against the grain. In late Francoism and in the early years of the transition visibility was very rare and would typically involve damaging stereotypes of gay men in degrading comedies or oversexed lesbian vamps in exploitative horror films. After the abolition of censorship in 1978, filmmakers including Ventura Pons, Pedro Almodóvar or Eloy De la Iglesia made considerable headway in normalizing the presence of queer lives and stories on the Spanish screen. Growing (but vulnerable) levels of social acceptance and visibility in the last three decades or so have made LGBTQ+ characters and stories increasingly more visible. The 1990s saw the proliferation of films set in the then emerging “gay villages” in major urban centers, especially Madrid’s Chueca. In the 2000s, legal advances such as same-sex marriage or the right to adopt led to more romantic comedies and some melodramas dealing with these issues (weddings, families, and so on). More recently there is a greater diversification of spaces, characters, and stories, including immigration and trans issues. New generations of queer creators have found considerable domestic and international success in streaming services, with representation becoming much more explicit and noticeably more complex and diverse.
Parametrization in Weather and Climate Models
Authors: Christensen Hannah , Zanna Laure
Published: December 2022

Numerical computer models play a key role in Earth science. They are used to make predictions on timescales ranging from short-range weather forecasts to multi-century climate projections. Computer models are also used as tools to understand the past, present, and future climate system, enabling numerical experiments to be carried out to explore physical processes of interest. To understand the behavior of these models, their formulation must be appreciated, including the simplifications and approximations employed in developing the model code.

Foremost among these approximations are the parametrization schemes used to represent subgrid scale physical processes. A useful mathematical formulation of parametrization often involves Reynolds averaging, whereby a flow described by the Navier–Stokes equations is separated into a slow, resolved component and a fast, unresolved component. On performing this decomposition, the component representing the unresolved, fast processes is shown to impact the resolved scale flow: It is this component that a parametrization seeks to represent.

Parametrization schemes encode the understanding of the salient physics needed to describe processes in the atmosphere and ocean and other components of the Earth system, such as land and ice. For example, finding the relationship between the Reynolds stresses and the mean fields of the system is the turbulence closure problem, which is common to both atmospheric and oceanic numerical models. Atmospheric parametrization schemes include those representing radiation, clouds and cloud microphysics, moist convection, gravity waves, and the boundary layer (which encompasses a representation of turbulent mixing). In the ocean, eddy processes must also be parametrized, including stirring and mixing due to both sub-mesoscale and mesoscale eddies. The similarities between the parametrization problem in atmospheric and oceanic models facilitate transfer of knowledge between these two communities, such that promising avenues of research in one community can in principle readily be adapted and adopted by the other.
Mirror Neurons, Empathy, and the Other
Authors: Iacoboni Marco
Published: December 2022

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of other people. It extends also to the ability to understand and share the feelings of animals and fictional characters. Empathy is essential to properly function in social interactions. It is also typically higher for people who belong to one’s own social group and lower for people who belong to a different social group. Lack of empathy is associated with severe mental health conditions including psychopathy, narcissism, and antisocial personality disorder.

Empathy is a complex, flexible, adaptive, and nuanced function for navigating social settings that involves the interplay of multiple neural systems. A crucial neural system for empathy is the mirror neuron system, formed by cells with a variety of properties and the shared feature of being activated during the actions of the self and the perception of actions of other people. The mirroring of the actions of other people in one’s brain allows an understanding from within of the other’s intentions, motivation, and feelings.
Neuroimaging
Authors: Ekstrand Chelsea
Published: December 2022

The growing field of neuroimaging has offered exciting insights into the inner workings of the human brain in health and disease. Structural neuroimaging techniques provide detailed information about the physical properties and anatomy of the brain and nervous system, including cerebrospinal fluid, blood vessels, and different types of tissue. The most commonly used structural neuroimaging techniques are computed tomography (CT) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT uses X-rays to create a two-dimensional representation of neural tissue, whereas MRI quantifies differences in tissue density by manipulating molecules using magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves. Functional neuroimaging techniques provide a measure of when and where activity is occurring in the brain by quantifying underlying physiological processes. Functional neuroimaging techniques fall into two broad categories: measures of direct brain activity, including electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), and measures of indirect brain activity, such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Different functional neuroimaging techniques can be used to examine different physiological changes, including electrical activity, magnetic field changes, metabolic and neurotransmitter activity, and indirect measures of blood flow to offer insight into cognitive processing. Structural and functional neuroimaging have made a profound impact on understanding the brain both during normal functioning and in clinical pathology. Overall, neuroimaging is a powerful tool for both research and clinical practice and offers a noninvasive window into the central nervous system of humans in both health and disease.
Liturgical and Ceremonial Art: Preaching and Visual Culture in the Early Modern World
Authors: Debby Nirit Ben-Aryeh
Published: December 2022

A challenging issue in the field of religious studies is the relationship between preaching and art, particularly the manner in which preachers used works of art in their preaching and described specific pictures in their sermons; the way theological discourse influenced religious architecture; and the form and function of the preaching platform, whether a pulpit in Christianity, the minbar in Islam, or the bima in Judaism. There is a growing interest in the interrelationships among art, performance, and preaching in the early modern world; there has also been recent engagement in the way visual culture enhanced the power that preachers had over their audiences, and the interactions between preaching and visual culture in the various European and Mediterranean communities. When approaching this topic, one should apply an interdisciplinary approach by focusing across the historical, literary, and art-history fields in the increasingly active area of global studies. One should also consider the interactions between the visual and the verbal; the exchange between sermons and images, preaching and the arts through the lens of performance theory and models of word and image; and the exchange between textual and visual cultures.
The CIA in Guatemala
Authors: Streeter Stephen M.
Published: December 2022

Guatemala first came to the attention of the United States as a security threat after a middle-class revolution in 1944 overthrew a dictator who had long accommodated the United Fruit Company, the largest US foreign investment in the country. The new presidents, Juan José Arévalo (1944–1951) and Jacobo Arbenz (1951–1954), carried out a series of social reforms that upset the Guatemalan oligarchy and the Fruit Company. Arbenz’s Decree 900, which redistributed land from the wealthy to the poor, especially alarmed Washington because of the fear that nearby countries would adopt a similar program, thus endangering US foreign investments in the region. After the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration determined that Guatemala was becoming an intolerable communist threat, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) began planning a covert operation to remove Arbenz. Operation PBSUCCESS was modeled on the covert action plan that was used successfully to depose the Iranian government in 1953. After bribing and threatening the Guatemalan military to cooperate, the CIA equipped and trained an exile army in Honduras that invaded Guatemala on June 17, 1954, and forced the resignation of Arbenz within ten days. The coup destabilized Guatemala, leading eventually to a brutal civil war that killed more than two hundred thousand Guatemalans.
Displacement, Natural Hazards, and Health Consequences
Authors: Cazabat Christelle
Published: December 2022

When natural hazards lead to disasters, they can affect people in many ways, including damaging their housing and negatively impacting their livelihoods. Each year, millions of people are injured or killed as a result of disasters. They can also force people out of their homes: In 2020, 30.7 million new internal displacements linked with disasters, mostly storms or floods, were recorded throughout the world. Between 2010 and 2020, disaster displacements were recorded in 198 countries and territories, making the issue truly global. Such displacement can have severe and long-lasting consequences on physical and mental health, often similar to those of conflict-related displacement.

Psychosocial trauma and the deterioration of living standards and housing conditions often alter displaced people’s well-being and their ability to maintain healthy lives or obtain treatment and care. People with disabilities or long-term illnesses are particularly vulnerable in displacement, as are children and older people. Depression and anxiety, malnutrition, communicable diseases, and lack of access to sexual and reproductive health are among the most frequent issues for internally displaced people.

The health consequences of displacement linked with disasters vary depending on affected people’s pre-existing conditions and sociodemographic characteristics, the duration and severity of their displacement, and the type of support they are able to access. In cases of mass and protracted displacement, the health of people in communities of refuge and the health systems in the areas of origin and refuge can also be affected, with repercussions on the broader society.

Although some of these impacts are relatively frequent and should be systematically considered by national and local governments, humanitarian organizations, and aid providers, each situation requires tailored approaches. Information on the health impacts of displacement remains limited, but the body of knowledge is growing as awareness increases on the scale of current and future displacement crises linked with disasters in a changing climate.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies a susceptibility locus for sporadic vestibular schwannoma at 9p21
Authors: Sadler Katherine V , Bowes John , Rowlands Charlie F , Perez-Becerril Cristina , van der Meer C Mwee , King Andrew T , Rutherford Scott A , Pathmanaban Omar N , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Lloyd Simon K W , Freeman Simon R , Williams Ricky , Hannan Cathal John , Lewis Daniel , Eyre Steve , Evans D Gareth , Smith Miriam J
Published: December 2022

Vestibular schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumours that arise on the vestibulocochlear nerves. Vestibular schwannomas are known to occur in the context of tumour predisposition syndromes NF2-related and LZTR1-related schwannomatosis. However, the majority of vestibular schwannomas present sporadically without identification of germline pathogenic variants.

To identify novel genetic associations with risk of vestibular schwannoma development, we conducted a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 911 sporadic vestibular schwannoma cases collated from the neurofibromatosis type 2 genetic testing service in the north-west of England, UK and 5500 control samples from the UK Biobank resource. One risk locus reached genome-wide significance in our association analysis (9p21.3, rs1556516, P = 1.47 × 10−13, odds ratio = 0.67, allele frequency = 0.52).

9p21.3 is a genome-wide association study association hotspot, and a number of genes are localized to this region, notably CDKN2B-AS1 and CDKN2A/B, also referred to as the INK4 locus. Dysregulation of gene products within the INK4 locus have been associated with multiple pathologies and the genes in this region have been observed to directly impact the expression of one another. Recurrent associations of the INK4 locus with components of well-described oncogenic pathways provides compelling evidence that the 9p21.3 region is truly associated with risk of vestibular schwannoma tumorigenesis.
Designing Scenarios for In-Organization Training Using the CyberCIEGE Game
Authors: Saeed Mozamel M
Published: December 2022

Cyber security awareness training needs to be personalized to address the policies and requirements of a particular organization, although many of the concepts in this training practice are universal. The main reason for the failure of training programs is that the users do not think about applying security concepts. Therefore, the study aims to design scenarios for in-organization training using CyberCEIGE. In this context, CyberCIEGE is considered a flexible and highly interactive video game that is a security awareness tool. It is responsible for supporting organizational training objectives in an engaging security adventure in the presence of typical users. This game has shown success in utilizing information assurance education. The present study indicates that CyberCIEGE is effective in basic information awareness training programs for security purposes, such as the balance between corporate convenience and individual privacy.
Low leukocyte mitochondrial DNA abundance drives atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a cohort and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Jiao , Noordam Raymond , Jukema J Wouter , van Dijk Ko Willems , Hägg Sara , Grassmann Felix , le Cessie Saskia , van Heemst Diana
Published: December 2022

Aim

Mitochondrial DNA dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance, as a proxy of mitochondrial function, and coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) in a cohort study and approximate the causal nature of these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR) in genetic studies.

Methods and results

Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses were conducted in 273 619 unrelated participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank (UKB). For genetic studies, we first performed MR analyses with individual-level data from the UKB using a weighted genetic risk score (GRS); two-sample MR analyses were subsequently performed using summary-level data from the publicly available three consortia/biobank for CAD and two for HF. MR analyses were performed per database separately and results were subsequently meta-analysed using fixed-effects models. During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, restricted cubic spline Cox regression analyses showed associations between lower mtDNA abundance and higher risk of CAD and HF. Hazard ratios for participants in the lowest quintile of mtDNA abundance compared with those in the highest quintile were 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.14) and 1.15 (1.05, 1.24) for CAD and HF. Genetically, no evidence was observed for a possible non-linear causal effect using individual-level weighted genetic risk scores calculated in the UKB on the study outcomes; the pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) from two-sample MR of genetically predicted per one-SD decrease in mtDNA abundance were 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) for CAD and 0.99 (0.92, 1.08) for HF, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings support a possible causal role of lower leukocyte mtDNA abundance in higher CAD risk, but not in HF.
Mechanisms of current therapeutic strategies for heart failure: more questions than answers?
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Shahid Izza , Greene Stephen J , Mentz Robert J , DeVore Adam D , Butler Javed
Published: December 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a complex, multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome with substantial mortality and morbidity. Over the last few decades, numerous attempts have been made to develop targeted therapies that may attenuate the known pathophysiological pathways responsible for causing the progression of HF. However, therapies developed with this objective have sometimes failed to show benefit. The pathophysiological construct of HF with numerous aetiologies suggests that interventions with broad mechanisms of action which simultaneously target more than one pathway maybe more effective in improving the outcomes of patients with HF. Indeed, current therapeutics with clinical benefits in HF have targeted a wider range of intermediate phenotypes. Despite extensive scientific breakthroughs in HF research recently, questions persist regarding the ideal therapeutic targets which may help achieve maximum benefit. In this review, we evaluate the mechanism of action of current therapeutic strategies, the pathophysiological pathways they target and highlight remaining knowledge gaps regarding the mode of action of these interventions.
Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages drives NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques via IL-1β secretion
Authors: Yalcinkaya Mustafa , Fotakis Panagiotis , Liu Wenli , Endo-Umeda Kaori , Dou Huijuan , Abramowicz Sandra , Xiao Tong , Libby Peter , Wang Nan , Tall Alan R , Westerterp Marit
Published: December 2022

Aims

Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) increases atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and athero-thrombosis. However, mechanisms promoting NETosis during atherogenesis are poorly understood. We have shown that cholesterol accumulation due to myeloid cell deficiency of the cholesterol transporters ATP Binding Cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1) promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and neutrophils and induces prominent NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether NETosis is a cell-intrinsic effect in neutrophils or is mediated indirectly by cellular crosstalk from macrophages to neutrophils involving IL-1β.

Methods and results

We generated mice with neutrophil or macrophage-specific Abca1/g1 deficiency (S100A8CreAbca1fl/flAbcg1fl/fl or CX3CR1CreAbca1fl/flAbcg1fl/fl mice, respectively), and transplanted their bone marrow into low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. We then fed the mice a cholesterol-rich diet. Macrophage, but not neutrophil Abca1/g1 deficiency activated inflammasomes in macrophages and neutrophils, reflected by caspase-1 cleavage, and induced NETosis in plaques. NETosis was suppressed by administering an interleukin (IL)-1β neutralizing antibody. The extent of NETosis in plaques correlated strongly with the degree of neutrophil accumulation, irrespective of blood neutrophil counts, and neutrophil accumulation was decreased by IL-1β antagonism. In vitro, IL-1β or media transferred from Abca1/g1-deficient macrophages increased NETosis in both control and Abca1/Abcg1 deficient neutrophils. This cell-extrinsic effect of IL-1β on NETosis was blocked by an NLRP3 inhibitor.

Conclusion

These studies establish a new link between inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in macrophages and NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophage-derived IL-1β appears to increase NETosis both by increasing neutrophil recruitment to plaques and by promoting neutrophil NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Experimental Life History Evolution Results in Sex-specific Evolution of Gene Expression in Seed Beetles
Authors: Immonen Elina , Sayadi Ahmed , Stojković Biljana , Savković Uroš , Đorđević Mirko , Liljestrand-Rönn Johanna , Wiberg R Axel W , Arnqvist Göran
Published: December 2022

The patterns of reproductive timing and senescence vary within and across species owing to differences in reproductive strategies, but our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of such variation is incomplete. This is perhaps particularly true for sex differences. We investigated the evolution of sex-specific gene expression associated with life history divergence in replicated populations of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus, experimentally evolving under (E)arly or (L)ate life reproduction for >200 generations which has resulted in strongly divergent life histories. We detected 1,646 genes that were differentially expressed in E and L lines, consistent with a highly polygenic basis of life history evolution. Only 30% of differentially expressed genes were similarly affected in males and females. The evolution of long life was associated with significantly reduced sex differences in expression, especially in non-reproductive tissues. The expression differences were overall more pronounced in females, in accordance with their greater phenotypic divergence in lifespan. Functional enrichment analysis revealed differences between E and L beetles in gene categories previously implicated in aging, such as mitochondrial function and defense response. The results show that divergent life history evolution can be associated with profound changes in gene expression that alter the transcriptome in a sex-specific way, highlighting the importance of understanding the mechanisms of aging in each sex.
Gatekeepers: The Association of Caregiving Network Characteristics With Emergency Department Use by Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Leggett Amanda N , Koo Hyun Jung , Strominger Julie , Maust Donovan T
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Caregivers are typically enmeshed in networks of family and friends who assist with care, yet this network is largely neglected in research. In light of the fact that caregivers are key medical decision makers and play a critical role in how persons living with dementia (PLwDs) interface with the health care system, this study explores how features of the caregiver network relate to PLwD emergency department (ED) use.

Methods

Using 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study data linked with fee-for-service Medicare claims, we examine ED use in a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling persons aged 65 and older with dementia and at least 1 caregiver. We consider aspects of the caregiver network including membership (e.g., daughter in network), network size, hours of care received, and the presence of generalists and specialists (i.e., broad vs narrow functional assistance) as predictors of ED encounters among PLwD.

Results

PLwDs were 81.5 years old on average, 50% were female, and 33% were non-White. Care networks including nonimmediate family members involved in task sharing for mobility and self-care difficulties and those with more generalists had significantly higher odds of an ED visit. Networks that only consisted of specialist caregivers had significantly lower odds of an ED visit.

Discussion

Greater complexity of care networks increases risk of presenting to the ED for care. Better understanding how caregiving networks help PLwD interact with the health care system can inform intervention design and targeting in order to help care networks improve care coordination, management, and shared decision making.
ANTECEDENTS, OUTCOMES, AND CORRELATES OF METABOLIC HEALTH IN OLDER AGE: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Walston Jeremy
Published: December 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with reduced physical fitness, higher disease burden, and impaired cognitive functions in late life. Thus investigating antecedents, outcomes and correlates of metabolic health is a priority in order to promote healthier lifestyles and successful aging. This symposium compiles four empirical interdisciplinary studies that examine the role of metabolic health/risk on different timescales. Employing advanced modeling approaches to data obtained in large-scale studies, these reports will shed light on potential antecedents, correlates, and consequences thereof. First, Kalyani and colleagues will report data from the SPRING (Study of Physical Resilience IN Geriatrics) study on the interrelation between metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, and physical resilience.Second, Buchmann and colleagues examine the association of the metabolic syndrome and Lipoprotein(a) finding that hormonal aspects and in particular menopausal alterations seem to moderate theassociation between MetS and Lp(a). Third, Demuth and colleagues show how metabolic health is related to specific DNA methylation age acceleration as derived from five different epigenetic clocks, namely PhenoAge, and GrimAge.Fourth, Duezel and colleagues examine the neural correlates of metabolic risk in a sample of older adults finding that lower metabolic risk is linked to greater GMI in the prefrontal cortex. Conjointly, findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of metabolic risk across adulthood and across different timescales. Walston will critically discuss the contributions from an aging perspective and discuss implications for future research.
LP(A) AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Buchmann Nikolaus , Schipf Sabine , Ittermann Till , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Demuth Ilja , Markus Marcello
Published: December 2022

Background

Although an inverse association between type II diabetes mellitus and Lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] has already been well researched, there is sparse data on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) with Lp(a). MetS is highly prevalent in older people and insulin resistance in MetS might link Lp(a) with MetS. Thus, we analyzed the association between Lp(a) with MetS in two large cohorts the Berlin Aging Study II [BASE-II] and the Study of Health in Pomerania [SHIP-0]

Methods

Complete cross-sectional data was available for 5,743 BASE-II and SHIP-0 participants (48.7% men; age 58 [20-85] years). MetS was defined according to modified criteria of the AHA/NHLBI 2009 definition. The association between MetS with Lp(a) was examined by median regression adjusted for age, sex and study and models were stratified by gender and menopause.

Results

MetS was prevalent in 27.6% (n=1,573) participants. We found an inverse association between MetS with Lp(a) in the whole study sample (β=-11.9 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -21.3 to -2.6]) as well as in men (β=-16.5 [95% CI -28.6 to -4.3]) and in postmenopausal women (β=-25.4 [95% CI -46.0 to -4.8]). In contrast to this, in premenopausal women a positive association between MetS and Lp(a) (β=39.2 [95% CI 12.3 to 65.9]) was evident.

Conclusion

Postmenopausal changes in hormone metabolism impact both MetS and Lp(a). With respect to the ongoing development of Lp(a)-lowering drugs, their use must be examined, particularly in old age and in subjects with MetS.
LONG-TERM ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND STABILITY OF DAILY WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN OLD AGE
Authors: Schilling Oliver , Gerstorf Denis , Lücke Anna Jori , Katzorreck Martin
Published: December 2022

Mixed evidence of associations of alcohol consumption with cognitive aging suggested that low to moderate alcohol consumption predicts more favorable cognitive outcomes than abstinence, whereas higher consumption operates as risk factor for cognitive decline. Daily short-term fluctuations of cognitive performance have also been established as risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline. Bringing these two lines of research together, our study analyzed associations of long-term trajectories of alcohol consumption with ambulatory assessments (7 days, 6 beeps per day) of working memory (WM) performance in participants (N = 155, aged 66-69 and 86-89) followed-up from a long-term (>20 years) longitudinal aging study. Overall, the findings do not support the “risk-view”, because long-term alcohol consumption patterns were not found to be predictive of either individual levels or intra-individual momentary fluctuations of WM performance. Follow-up analyses will examine the combined effects of alcohol consumption with further risk factors, such as long-term declines in health.
DAILY ACTIVITY DIVERSITY AND DAILY WORKING MEMORY IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Luo Minxia , Moulder Robert , Breitfelder Laura , Röcke Christina
Published: December 2022

Research has shown that diverse activity engagement has positive effects on cognitive functioning in older age. However, it is unknown whether the positive effect holds within persons across days and across people. We examined daily within-person association between activity diversity and working memory in older age and effects of potential moderators therein. We examined 16-day smartphone-based ambulatory assessment data from 150 older adults (aged 65+). Participants reported their present activities and completed working memory tasks seven times per day. Within persons, higher daily activity diversity was positively associated with higher daily working memory. Moreover, the prior day’s activity diversity led to that day’s higher working memory, but not vice versa. We did not find any moderating effects of age, education, or fluid and crystallized intelligence. Our results strengthen the evidence on the beneficial effect of activity diversity on cognitive performance. Results are discussed in the context of cognitive reserve theory.