bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The DEAD-box helicase eIF4A1 acts as RNA chaperone during mitotic exit enabling chromatin decondensation
Authors: Antonin Wolfram , Jühlen Ramona , Wiesmann Sabine , Scheufen Anja , Braun Isabel , Llera-Brandt Carmen , Rappold Sabrina , Tatarek-Nossol Marianna , Lennartz Birgitt , Lue Hongqi , Perez-Correa Juan , Moreno-Andres Daniel , Strobel Chantal
Published: August 2024

During mitosis, chromosomes condense and decondense to segregate faithfully and undamaged. The exact molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We identify the DEAD-box helicase eIF4A1 as a critical factor in this process. In a cell-free condensation assay eIF4A1 is crucial for this process, relying on its RNA-binding ability but not its ATPase activity. Reducing eIF4A1 levels in cells consistently slows down chromatin decondensation during nuclear reformation. Conversely, increasing eIF4A1 concentration on mitotic chromosomes accelerates their decondensation. The absence of eIF4A1 affects the perichromatin layer, which surrounds the chromosomes during mitosis and consists of RNA and mainly nucleolar proteins. In vitro, eIF4A1 acts as an RNA chaperone, dissociating biomolecular condensates of RNA and perichromatin proteins. During mitosis, the chaperone activity of eIF4A1 is required to regulate the composition and fluidity of the perichromatin layer, which is crucial for the dynamic reorganization of chromatin as cells exit mitosis.
Identification of a novel signature based on T cell-related genes to explore prognosis and immune microenvironment in esophageal squamous carcinoma
Authors: Xing Huanhuan , Yang Wei , Yang Ruofan , Liu Ao , Yang Nannan , Yuan Ping , Xiong Zijun , Yang Wenqian , Liu Wenting
Published: August 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is significantly influenced by T cells, which are pivotal effector cells in the immune system, playing a critical role in both antitumor immunity and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data to explore the characteristics of T cells in ESCC and developed a prognostic model utilizing four T cell-related genes to predict patient prognosis. Furthermore, we evaluated discrepancies among different risk subgroups in terms of clinicopathological staging, the immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints, and responses to immunotherapy. We also verified the expression levels of these risk-associated genes in ESCC tissues using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Analysis and experimental validation indicated that these risk genes are closely linked to the occurrence and progression of ESCC and its immune microenvironment, potentially offering new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
WITHDRAWN: Study on damage characteristics and failure law of sandstone under temperature-water action
Authors: Bao Xiankai , Tian Baolong , Wang Lingyu , Qiao Jianlong , Yu Chaoyun , Huang Shunjia , Huang Yue
Published: August 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Bridging vein-type transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Su Xin , Song Zihao , Sun Liyong , Ye Ming , Hong Tao , Liu Huiwei , Pang Huishen , Chen Yiguang , Li Yuying , Ma Yongjie , Zhang Hongqi , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2024

Background: Common bridging vein (BV) -type dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are typically located the tentorium cerebelli. Similar DAVFs are found near the transverse-sigmoid sinus (TSS). They are often reported together with true TSS DAVFs, which involve direct arterialization of the TSS serving as the point of fistulization. Distinguishing between BV-type TSS DAVFs and true TSS DAVFs is crucial because the treatment strategies and outcomes for each can differ significantly. Here, we present a consecutive case series of BV-type TSS DAVFs from our institution, detailing their clinical presentations, treatment strategies, and both clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 50 patients with BV-type TSS DAVFs who were hospitalized at a single medical center between 2002 and 2022.
Results: We identified 50 patients with BV-type TSS DAVFs. The cohort consisted of 44 men and 6 women, with a mean ± SD age of 55.4 ± 9.6 years at symptom presentation. 48 patients underwent trans-arterial embolization (TAE), one underwent surgery, and one received conservative treatment. All fistulas were classified as Borden type Ⅲ. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 98% cases. 28 (100%, 28/28) patients were cured, with no recurrence detected on final follow-up imaging.
Conclusions: BV-type TSS DAVFs are associated with a high risk of hemorrhage and non-hemorrhagic neurological deficits. TAE achieved a high cure rate for these lesions with no major complications. Due to the unique location of these fistulas at the junctional zone of the bridging vein and the TSS, hypotheses regarding their pathogenesis have been proposed, though they remain unconfirmed.
Knowledge of and preference for abortion legality in Kenya: A National Cross- Sectional Survey
Authors: Juma Kenneth , Esther MUTUKU , Sherine ATHERO , Isaiah AKUKU , USHIE Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Ajayi Anthony
Published: August 2024

Background
Inadequate knowledge of abortion laws implies those seeking care cannot know their legal entitlements, service providers cannot practice with legal protection, and governments can escape legal responsibility for the adverse effects of their laws. There is limited understanding of the public’s views of abortion in Kenya. This study assessed the knowledge and preference for abortion legality in Kenya.
Methods
We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey using mobile telephones to collect data from adults 18 or older. The sample was drawn from a database owned by a mobile-survey provider with over 12 million telephone numbers across Kenya. We used a random digit dialing approach to select and recruit participants. Trained research assistants administered telephonic interviews using a structured questionnaires that had questions assessing knowledge of conditions for legally sanctioned abortion and their preferences for conditions the law should permit. We summarized continuous variables into means with standard deviations while categorical variables into proportions. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations between knowledge of abortion laws and independent variables.
Results
Of the 8942 respondents, 76%, 74%, and 33% correctly knew that the Kenyan law allows abortion when a woman's life and health are at risk and when the pregnancy results from rape, respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.09–1.38]; p < 0.001), age group 25–34 (1.21 [1.03–1.43]; 0.024) and having university education (2.57; [1.79–3.70]; <0.001) were associated with higher knowledge of abortion laws. Majority of respondents preferred that the law allow abortion when a woman’s life (72%) or health (65%) or mental health (43%) is at risk. One-quarter wanted abortions allowed for rape (29%) and incest (28%) while only 15% approved abortion if the pregnant was unwanted. The latent class analysis characterized that most respondents were conditional supporters of abortion legalization (43%), whereas individuals opposed to abortion legalization in all/most circumstances represented 29% of respondents.
Conclusion
Information on abortion legality preferences offers insights into public acceptability and opportunities for abortion legal and policy reforms. There is need for comprehensive dissemination of the Kenya abortion law, focusing specifically on groups and communities that typically struggle to access information and services.
Germination Process Impact on Proximate, Inorganic, and Phytochemical Contents of Malt Barley, Abyssinian Purple-Colored Barley and Wheat
Authors: Kassegn Hagos Hailu , Hshe Brtukan Gidey , Meresa Birhanu Kahsay , Berhe Mihret Hadgu , Tadesse Haftay Abraha
Published: August 2024

Abyssinian purple-colored wheat and barley and malt barley were analyzed for their antioxidant content and mineral elements before and after 72 hours of germination. During the 72-hour germination period, various nutrients in pigmented cereals were equally affected, leading to changes in fiber, fat, ash, tannin, and anthocyanin levels. The protein percentages for Abyssinian purple-colored barley, Abyssinian purple-colored wheat, and germinated barley malt flour are 56%, 45%, and 77%, respectively. The iron content (mg/100 g) for the different types of barley and wheat are as follows: raw malt barley (21.94), germinated malt barley (23.93), Abyssinian purple-colored barley (178), and purple-colored wheat (352.86). The calcium and zinc content follow a similar pattern for the different types. During the 72-hour germination stage, condensed tannin concentration decreases due to reduced polyphenol oxidase activity, increased enzymatic metabolism, and tannin leaching from the germinating mass. The phenolic content tripled from 63.5 to 189.6 mg GAE per 100 g in germinated samples. Abyssinian purple barley has the highest anthocyanin content, followed by purple wheat. Both barley and wheat showed decreased TAC after germination, along with changes in protein, mineral, tannin, and anthocyanin contents. This may reduce antioxidant concentrations in colored grains used in consumer goods.
Validation of LPS induced esophageal inflammation through TLR4 pathway in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Li Zhi-tong , Guo Yi-min , Chen Li-dong , Liu Qi , Cheng Ming
Published: August 2024

Objective: Current researches have shown that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may have esophageal microbial flora imbalance, in which Gram-negative bacteria become dominant and produce lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Therefore, we want to validate LPS induces esophageal inflammation through TLR4 pathway in GERD.
Methods: We constructed an external esophageal perfusion rat model and used normal saline, LPS and TAK-242 + LPS mixture to perfuse the middle and lower esophagus, respectively. We observed the change of esophageal tissue inner diameter, the pathological changes of the esophagus, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the content of related apoptotic proteins in different groups.
Results: In LPS group, obvious inflammatory infiltration was observed. The TAK-242 + LPS group exhibited a milder inflammatory response than the LPS group. Compared with the control, the LPS group had increased inflammatory factor expression and apoptotic protein content, with lowered anti-apoptotic gene expression. TAK-242, as a TLR4 inhibitor in the TAK-242 + LPS group, effectively suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response.
Conclusion: LPS exerted the powerful pro-inflammatory effect through TLR4 pathway in GERD, and TAK-242, a TLR4 inhibitor, significantly alleviated LPS-induced esophageal damage, suggesting its potential as a GERD therapy.
Risks of Respiratory and Circulatory System Diseases Induced by Exposure to PM2.5 in High Humidity and Low Solar Radiation Environments: Disease Types, Genes, and Functions
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Zhang Liru , Zhang Zhengliang , Li Xuan , Qian Jingli , Zhou Jiawei , Che Hanxiong , Han Yan , Qi Xin , Yang Fumo , Huang Yu , Chen Yang , Xing Yan , Zhang Shumin
Published: August 2024

Epidemiological investigation has found that PM2.5 from high humidity and low solar radiation environments (HHLR-PM2.5) induces the highest premature mortality rates from respiratory and circulatory diseases in China. However, the disease types and pathogenic mechanisms of the respiratory and circulatory diseases induced by HHLR-PM2.5 have not been completely revealed. In this study, we explore the risks of commonly existing diseases induced by HHLR-PM2.5 in the respiratory and circulatory systems. For neoplasms, HHLR-PM2.5 significantly induces malignant mesothelioma and arteriovenous hemangioma, the former through the CDKN1A and KIT genes, and the latter through IL6, blood vessel morphogenesis, and transforming growth factor beta binding. Patent ductus arteriosus - persisting type and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension are the most prominent cardiopulmonary diseases caused by HHLR-PM2.5, with the key molecular target being ACTA2 for the former and CDH5 for the latter. For congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, HHLR-PM2.5 obviously contributes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital arteriovenous malformation, the former by targeting HMOX1, response to glucocorticoid, and heparin binding, and the latter by targeting IL6, blood vessel morphogenesis, and transforming growth factor beta binding. This study helps to clarify the risks of HHLR-PM2.5 to the respiratory and circulatory systems, supporting and supplementing epidemiology data.
Probiotics as an adjunct in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies in dogs
Authors: Pacheco Roberta Cavalcanti Fischer , Lins Leandro Fragoso , de Brito Leandro Paes , Calaça Priscilla Régia de Andrade , Porto Ana Lúcia Figueiredo , Cavalcanti Maria Taciana Holanda
Published: August 2024

Probiotics have been suggested as a treatment for canine atopic dermatitis, a form of dermatopathy common in dogs. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics as an adjuvant in treating canine atopic dermatitis in vivo studies with dogs. The study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Only clinical studies in dogs with atopic dermatitis that received intervention with probiotics were selected, being just original articles in English from the last 5 years (2019–2023). A total of 293 articles were obtained, and after the inclusion criteria, only 5 articles were eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The 5 studies used different probiotic at concentrations of 108 to 1010 CFU/mL/g, 3 studies with oral administration for 12 weeks, and 2 studies with topical use for 4 weeks. The meta-analysis results show that probiotics did not present significant effects against atopic dermatitis by evaluating the CADESI-4 scale (p = 0.08) and the PVAS scale (p = 0.85). Furthermore, regarding the method of administration of probiotics (oral or topical), the meta-analysis showed that there were also no significant results when the disease index was evaluated using CADESI-4 (p = 0.07) or PVAS (p = 0.92). We concluded that, even without significant effects, all trials showed a reduction in CADESI-4 and PVAS scores, reflecting a reduction in the severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs that used probiotics as treatment adjuvants.
Clinical Evaluation of a Photoplethysmography-based Wristband for Accurate Monitoring of Oxygen Saturation, Respiratory Rate and Pulse Rate During Cardiac Catheterisations - A Brief Report
Authors: Monnink Stefan H.J. , Vliet Mariska , Kuiper Mathijs J. , Constandse Jan C. , Hoftijzer Dieke , Muller Marjolein , Ronner Eelko
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Recently, photoplethysmography-based vital parameter measurements have increased in popularity. However, clinical evaluation of these measurements is lacking. The objective of this study was to rigorously evaluate the clinical accuracy and reliability of a novel photoplethysmography-based wristband for measuring key vital parameters—oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), and pulse rate (PR)—during heart catheterisations.
Methods
Vital parameters obtained during heart catheterisations by means of a photoplethysmography-based wristband (CardioWatch 287-2, Corsano Health) were compared to reference measurements performed by a Nellcor fingerclip (SpO2, PR) as well as a 5-lead ECG (RR) (QMAPP Hemodynamic Monitoring module, Fysicon B.V.) by means of correlation coefficients and root means squared error (RMSE). Effects of gender and skin colour were additionally evaluated.
Results
In total 945 samples from a total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. The correlation coefficients and RSME obtained for the difference between reference and photoplethysmography-based wristband measurements were r = 0.815 and 1.6% for SpO2, r = 0.976 and 0.9 brpm for RR and r = 0.995 and 1.3 bpm for PR. Similar results were obtained across all gender and skin colour subcategories.
Conclusion
This study shows that photoplethysmography-based SpO2, RR and PR measurements can be accurate during heart catheterisations. Future investigations are required to evaluate the wristband’s performance under dynamic circumstances as well as over an extended time period.
Trial registration:
www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT05566886.
The Level of Completion of Continuum Maternity Care and the Associated Factors in the pastoralist and non-pastoralist districts: comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Wana Ermias Wabeto , Ganta Abera Gezume , Tesfaw Bewket Belete , Minuta Worku Mimani
Published: August 2024

Background
Utilization of continuous maternal health care is key to preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. Although completion of continuous maternal care (COCMC) plays a crucial role, the level of utilization of continuous maternal care is low, but the reasons for this seem unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level and factors associated with COCMC in pastoralist and non-pastoralist districts of Ari and South Omo zones in 2024.
Methods
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2024. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 632 study participants (270 from agricultural and 362 from pastoralist districts). Data were collected using a standard questionnaire completed by an interviewer via the Kobo toolbox and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science-26 (SPSS-26) for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to identify factors associated with the level of COCMC. The results were presented in the form of frequencies and adjusted odds ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value of less than 0.05.
Results
The overall level of COCMC was 46(7.3%; 95%CI: 5.3%-9.3%), and there was no significant difference between pastoralist and agricultural districts in terms of COCMC level; 27(7.4%) and 19(7.0%), respectively. COCMC was associated with living in an urban area (AOR: 2.52[1.10–5.90]), mother's decision-making power to use household resources for maternal health care (AOR: 2.62[1.25–5.48]), lack of home-to-home healthcare by health worker (AOR: 0.31[0.14–0.69]), and living in the poorest household (AOR: 0.21[0.10–0.96]).
Conclusion and recommendations
The level of COCMC is very low in the study area, and to improve it, giving special attention to rural communities of the agrarian and pastoralist areas, enhancing maternal decision-making power on domestic resources, strengthening integrated home-to-home maternal healthcare service by a health worker and enhancing economy of households are all recommended.
A new strategy using intelligent hybrid learning for prediction of water binder ratio of concrete with rice husk ash as a supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Bashir Abba , Jibril Mahmud M. , Jibrin Umar Muhammad , Abba S. I. , Malami Salim Idris
Published: August 2024

It is important to point out that the precise prediction of water binder ratio “w/b ratio” is indispensable for gaining the desirable characteristics of strength and duration of concrete constructions. This research offers a new method for w/b ratio prediction based on state-of-art machine learning algorithms accompanied with Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods. The main aspect of the research approach is described using 192 database containing different mix design parameters and the environmental conditions. With the help of ensemble learning models such as Random forest (RF), Recurrent neural network (RNN) model, Relevance vector machine (RVM) and Response surface methodology (RSM), the prediction model has performed better than the empirical methods with RVM-M3 surpass all other models with the highest R value equal to 0.9992 in calibration phase and RF-M3 surpass the other model combination in verification phase with R value equal to 0.9984. Moreover, addressing the integration of XAI, the specifics of model prediction and the main influential variables related to w/c ratio as well as their importance are determined, where Cement (Ce) highlight to be the most influence parameter that improved he prediction accuracy of RF-M3 model. The results prove that the proposed method increases the prediction accuracy and provides engineers with a dependable means of augmenting concrete mix designs to enhance concrete’s durability performance and sustainability. This research expands the understanding and principles of concrete technology, hence facilitating the use of AI-based solutions in civil engineering practices and other relevant domains.
Stereoselective block of the hERG potassium channel by the Class Ia antiarrhythmic drug disopyramide.
Authors: Zhang Yihong , Harchi Aziza El , James Andrew , Oiki Shigetoshi , Dempsey Christopher , Hancox Jules
Published: August 2024

Potassium channels encoded by human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) are inhibited by diverse cardiac and non-cardiac drugs. Disopyramide is a chiral Class Ia antiarrhythmic that inhibits hERG at clinical concentrations. This study evaluated effects of disopyramide enantiomers on hERG current (IhERG) from hERG expressing HEK 293 cells at 37oC. S(+) and R(-) disopyramide inhibited wild-type (WT) IhERG with IC50 values of 3.9 µM and 12.9 µM respectively. The attenuated-inactivation mutant N588K had little effect on the action of S(+) disopyramide but the IC50 for the R(-) enantiomer was ~15-fold that for S(+) disopyramide. The enhanced inactivation mutant N588E only slightly increased the potency of R(-) disopyramide. S6 mutation Y652A reduced S(+) disopyramide potency more than that of R(-) disopyramide (respective IC50 values ~49-fold and 11-fold their WT controls). The F656A mutation also exerted a stronger effect on S(+) than R(-) disopyramide, albeit with less IC50 elevation. A WT‑Y652A tandem dimer exhibited a sensitivity to the enantiomers that was intermediate between that of WT and Y652A, suggesting Y652 groups on adjacent subunits contribute to the binding. Moving the Y (normally at site 652) one residue in the N- terminal (up) direction in N588K hERG markedly increased the blocking potency of R(-) disopyramide. Molecular dynamics simulations using a hERG pore model produced different binding modes for S(+) and R(-) disopyramide consistent with the experimental observations. In conclusion, S(+) disopyramide interacts more strongly with S6 aromatic binding residues on hERG than does R(-) disopyramide, whilst optimal binding of the latter is more reliant on intact inactivation.
Low molecular weight heparin increases clinical pregnancy rate in non-thrombophilic women undergoing assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Chen Dan , Li Wenxuan , Zhao Mengya , Yan Enqi , Jin Huizi , Sun Xin , Nie Rui , Jin Lei
Published: August 2024

Background
Previously, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has shown good anti-thrombotic effects and helped improve pregnancy outcomes for women with thrombotic diseases undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), prompting its use in women without thrombotic disease. However, there are few standardized medication guidelines for LMWH use in non-thrombotic patients, and it is unclear whether LMWH truly benefits pregnancy outcomes in these patients. There we want to investigate whether LMWH affects pregnancy outcomes of patients without thrombophilia undergoing ART.
Methods
A total of 3067 infertile women who were undergoing their fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle in the Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2019 were finally eligible for this retrospective cohort study, with 119 and 2948 administered with LMWH and without LMWH respectively. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and the secondary outcomes include live birth rate (LBR), miscarriage rate (MR), multiple pregnancy rates (MPR), biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR) and ectopic pregnancy rate (EPR) were compared among these two groups.
Results
Before adjustment for confounders, MPR (8.4% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.001) and MR (15.1% vs. 6.2%, P<0.001) were higher in the LMWH group while CPR (53.8% vs. 46.8%, P = 0.133), LBR (37.8% vs. 40.5%, P = 0.553), BPR (6.7% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.759) and EPR (0.0% vs. 0.7%, P = 1.000) were similar compared to the control group. To investigate the correlation of LMWH administration, confounding variables were adjusted by multivariable logistic regression model and three Propensity score (PS) methods. In multivariable logistic regression, there were significantly higher CPR (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05–2.27; P = 0.027) and MR (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI, 1.73–4.97; P < 0.001) among patients with LMWH, without an increase in LBR (AOR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.70–1.53; P = 0.877), MPR (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.59–2.81; P = 0.529), BPR (OR = 1.17, 95% CI, 0.56–2.45; P = 0.674), which were consistent in PS Adjustment, and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting using propensity score (IPTW), but not in the Propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1) analysis. Subgroup analyses showed that CPR and MR were increased in the LMWH group in the patients with age ≤ 35 years, body mass index (BMI) ≤ 24 and without recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
Conclusions
Low molecular weight heparin may improve clinical pregnancy but not live birth in non-thrombophilic women undergoing ART.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aerial parts of Asparagus racemosus Willd: characterization, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities
Authors: Das Priya , Mondal Subhajit , Ashraf Gouhar Jahan , Thapa Ankrita , Maiti Partha Pratim , Dua Tarun Kumar , Paul Paramita , Nandi Gouranga , Dey Sangita , Roy Koyeska , Kumar Anoop , Adhikari Manab Deb , Sahu Ranabir
Published: August 2024

Asparagus racemosus Willd is a well-known medicinal plant due to its various therapeutic aspects. The aerial part of A. racemosus was utilized to formulate cost-effective and environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles through a green approach. The surface plasmon resonance band of A. racemosus-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-AR) was established at the λmax of 426 nm in UV-visible analysis, confirming the formation of AgNPs-AR through this green synthesis method. The diameter of spherical-shaped AgNPs-AR was 202 nm. The characterization of AgNPs-AR was done by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential analyses. Additionally, the therapeutical potentialities of the AgNPs-AR were established by assessing the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The DPPH free radical assay showed potent scavenging ability (IC50: 639 µg/ml). Increasing absorbance with increasing concentration of AgNPs-AR confirmed the reducing power ability of the AgNPs-AR. The α-amylase inhibitory assay demonstrated significant inhibition (IC50: 535 µg/ml), indicating the antidiabetic potential of the AgNPs-AR. They also exhibited notable cytotoxicity (IC50: 57.65 µg/ml) against malignant human kidney cells and excellent antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria. Thus, the study concluded that the AgNPs-AR demonstrated promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities, which can deliver a new candidate for drug discovery research.
Heat Transfer Analysis during Quenching of Moving Metal Plates using Water Jets from a Mold
Authors: Gopalkrishna Suresh Babu , Kulkarni Gaurav Abhay , Ryll Stephan , Specht Eckehard
Published: August 2024

During the direct chill (DC) casting process, quenching water emerging from an array of jets impinges directly on the hot surface in motion. To investigate the mechanism of heat transfer in DC Casting, the secondary cooling process was resembled in laboratory conditions. Hot metal plates with a dimension of 200 mm length, 90 mm width, and 2–10 mm thickness in relative movement are quenched with 11 water jets from a typical mold similar to the direct chill casting process. The surface temperatures on the black-coated, rear side were measured with an Infrared camera with a temporal frequency of 200 images per second and with a local resolution of 0.5 mm. The heat flux and temperatures on the quenched surface were obtained from the solution of the iterative two-dimensional inverse method for Eulerian-steady state conditions. The appropriate associated governing partial differential equation was solved with a numerical finite difference method. Various cooling regions like pre-cooling, transition, and nucleate boiling were quantified for thickness, the initial temperature of the plate, kinds of metal, and the influence of the parameters on the boiling curve was quantified.
Parsimonious Sequential Feature Group Selection Methods for Predicting Treatment Outcome in Chronic Disorders
Authors: Kader Hafez , Niemann Uli , Cima Rilana , Kikidis Dimitris , Langguth Berthold , Lopez-Escamez Jose Antonio , Schlee Winfried , Schoisswohl Stefan , Mazurek Birgit , Noack Benjamin , Spiliopoulou Myra
Published: August 2024

In the era of burgeoning high-dimensional data, particularly in fields likemedicine, where data collection is increasing, the need for effective feature selectionin machine learning is paramount. Feature selection helps mitigate challengessuch as noise and irrelevant information, leading to a deeper understanding ofresults and improved predictive capabilities. While traditional methods focus onindividual features, some data naturally groups into cohesive “feature groups”,such as those collected from sensors or assessment batteries. This paper aimsto rank and select these feature groups to maximize predictive performance. Itintroduces tailored feature selection methods targeting entire feature sets ratherthan individual features. By applying these methods to data from a randomizedclinical trial, which utilizes multiple assessment batteries for patient diagnosisand treatment, the study demonstrates improved predictions and insights intothe importance of specific assessment batteries. The results show that utilizingfeature group selection methods allows for the identification of crucial assessmentbatteries for prediction while excluding less significant ones, potentiallysaving costs, time, and computational resources. However, the study is limited to predefined feature groups.
Socioeconomic status moderate the relationship between mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging among Chinese older adults: Evidence from a moderated network analysis
Authors: Huang Yalian , Zhou Aibao , Tang Ping , Ma Xufeng
Published: August 2024

Objective
Population aging presents a significant global challenge, with China's population aging at an accelerated rate. Several studies have established a directional link between mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, though the moderating effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on this relationship remains unclear. Previous literature primarily utilized total score analyses, prompting this study to address the gap through moderated network analysis.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 1032 Chinese elders (age ≥ 60) who completed the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, Active Aging Scale, Social Participation Questionnaire, and Socioeconomic Status Index Scale. The moderated network approach was utilized to examine the bidirectional relationships among mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, alongside the moderating role of SES.
Results
The analysis revealed that the strongest bidirectional relationships were between attitudes toward mental illnesses and developing spiritual wisdom. The number of interaction terms among mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging moderated by SES was seven. Additionally, the most significant interaction terms were between attitudes toward mental illnesses and engaging in active learning.
Conclusions
These findings offer new evidence on the bidirectional relationships among mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, as well as the interaction terms moderated by SES. They provide pivotal theoretical and practical insights, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive policy measures addressing socioeconomic disparities in later life to promote active aging.
In-Situ Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles in Olive Oil and Study of Their Tribological Properties as Vegetable Oil Additives
Authors: Xu Wenya , Yang Guangbin , Zhang shengmao , Zhang Yujuan , Fan Shuguang , Yu Laigui , Zhang Pingyu
Published: August 2024

Vegetable oil-based lubricants have a tendency to replace traditional petroleum based lubricants due to their biodegradability, high flash point, low volatility, and low cost. However, polar molecules such as fatty acids in vegetable oil compete for adsorption with nanoparticles during rubbing process, resulting in imperfect tribological performance of nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoadditives can be adsorbed on the contact surface of iron-based friction materials through magnetic effects, which provides a new idea for solving competitive adsorption problems between additives and base oil. In this study, Ni nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 15.6 nm were synthesized in situ in olive oil using nickel acetylacetone as the nickel source and olive oil as the modifier and solvent required for the reaction, which is a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly in-situ synthesis method. The as-synthesized Ni nanoparticles can significantly improve the antiwear capabilities of olive oil, reducing the wear scar diameter by 30%. The morphology and elemental analysis of wear scar indicated that a composite tribofilm including nickel, nickel oxide, iron oxide, carbon film, and polar fatty acid molecules in olive oil is formed on the rubbing surface, greatly improving the antiwear performance, which opens up an opportunity for the further application of new green nanolubricants.
Coronil biochemically inhibits the interaction of various clinically relevant mutants of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins (Omicron Variants) with human ACE2 receptor
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Dev Rishabh , Kumar Sandeep , Varshney Anurag
Published: August 2024

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has several times more binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor compared to the RBD of the original covid-19 strain This increased binding affinity of Omicron variant is responsible for its increased internalization and infectivity.Methods In the present study, the impact of Coronil, a tri-herbal formulation of extracts from Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum on the binding properties of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins (S proteins) was investigated. Compositional analysis of Coronil was performed by the Prominence-XR UHPLC system. The ELISA-based ACE2 binding inhibition assay was performed to delineate the effect of Coronil on the interaction between human ACE2 receptor and different Omicron variant spike proteins such as BA.4/BA5, XBB, BA.2.75.2, BA4.6/BF.7, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, and a recently found spike protein variant JN.1 which is thought to emerge from BA.2.86.Results Coronil showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interactions between ACE2 and receptor binding domains (RBD) of all variants of spike proteins evaluated in this study including the recently emerged, highly transmissible variant spike protein JN.1. Although, Coronil significantly reduced the binding percentage in almost all the variant spike proteins, the maximum inhibition was achieved against BA.4/BA.5 where it inhibited the S protein – ACE2 interaction even at a low concentration of 3 µg/ml (16.6%). This binding inhibition was further increased to 60.3 and 84.6% at 100 and 300 µg/ml respectively.Conclusions This capability of Coronil to inhibit the binding of spike protein variants with ACE2 receptor may interfere with viral binding and internalization resulting in reduced infectivity of these Omicron spike protein variants. Overall, our data underscores the potential of Coronil in combating the various newly emerged Omicron spike protein variants. These findings may provide a basis for further studies of Coronil for its clinical effectiveness against these Omicron variants.
Longitudinal growth of the Saccharina kelp embryo depends on actin filaments that control the formation of a corset of alginate
Authors: Boscq Samuel , Theodorou Ioannis , Milstein Roman , Bail Aude Le , Chenivesse Sabine , Billoud Bernard , Charrier Bénédicte
Published: August 2024

The initiation of embryogenesis in the kelp Saccharina latissima is accompanied by significant anisotropy in cell shape. Using monoclonal antibodies, we show that this anisotropy coincides with a spatio-temporal pattern of accumulation of alginates in the cell wall of the zygote and embryo. Alginates rich in guluronates as well as sulphated fucans show a homogeneous distribution in the embryo throughout Phase I of embryogenesis, but mannuronate alginates accumulate mainly on the sides of the zygote and embryo, disappearing as the embryo enlarges at the start of Phase II. This pattern depends on the presence of cortical actin filaments. In contrast, within the embryo lamina, the alginate composition of the walls newly formed by cytokinesis is not affected by the depolymerisation of actin filaments. Thus, in addition to revealing the existence of a mannuronate-rich alginate corset that may restrict the enlargement of the zygote and the embryo, thereby promoting the formation of the apico-basal growth axis, we demonstrate stage-and cytoskeleton-dependent differences in cell wall deposition in Saccharina embryos.
Explaining the adaptation gap in European cities
Authors: Reckien Diana , Buzási Attila , Olazabal Marta , Fokaides Paris , Pietrapertosa Filomena , Eckersley Peter , Salvia Monica
Published: August 2024

An adaptation gap exists when adaptation efforts fail to meet adaptation needs. Conceptualizing and operationalizing this gap is challenging, but should start with, as we argue, addressing ‘internal adaptation policy consistency’. Through a comprehensive European study of local adaptation planning and its progress, we demonstrate how consistency checks applied to adaptation plans can conceptually and methodologically advance understanding of the adaptation (implementation) gap and, most importantly, how to reduce it.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio doesn’t predict short-term mortality, cardiac injury or left ventricular dysfunction after cardiac surgery
Authors: Enev Rostislav
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for predicting adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular conditions. However, its utility in predicting short-term mortality, cardiac injury, or dysfunction following cardiac surgery remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between NLR and these outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The NLR was calculated pre- and postoperatively for each patient. NLR dynamics was calculated based on pre-and postop values. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, significant cardiac injury indicated by elevated creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels, and significant new onset left ventricular dysfunction defined as a marked decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Statistical analyses were performed to compare NLR valuse between patients who did and did not experience these adverse outcomes.
Results: Data analysis showed no significant difference in the mean preop, postop and NLR dynamics between patients who died during hospitalization and those who survived. Similarly, the mean NLR did not significantly differ between patients with and without significant elevations in CK-MB levels or between those with stable versus decreased EF. No significant correlation was found between NLR values and studied outcomes.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is not a reliable predictor of short-term mortality, cardiac injury, or left ventricular dysfunction in patients following cardiac surgery. Further research should focus on identifying more effective biomarkers for these critical outcomes.
Sµ-3’RRrecHigh Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is associated with specific gene expression signature, activation-induced cMYC expression and sustained cell cycle entry.
Authors: Milène Parquet , Kenza Guiyedi , Justine Pollet , Israa Al Jamal , Maxime Roubinet , Jasmine Chauzeix , Mélanie Boulin , David Rizzo , Jean Feuillard , Nathalie Gachard , Sophie Peron
Published: August 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and is still incurable. In a previous study of CLL patients, the IGH locus DNA recombination between the switch µ (Sµ) and one 3’ regulatory regions (3’RR), the Sµ-3’RRrec, was detected more frequently than in normal condition. As a reminder, the Sµ-3'RRrec has been repeatedly detected in B-cells of mice and humans and is expected to induce cell death. Sµ-3’RRrec appears to be a rare event in normal B-cells. The Sµ-3’RRrecHighCLLs harboring high count of Sµ-3’RRrec junctions in DNA from blood samples has been characterized as a poor prognosis group with increasedMYCexpression. In these cases, the increase in Sµ-3'RRrec probably reflects ongoing recombination activity. In order to deepen the molecular basis involved in the IGH recombination process underway in Sµ-3'RRrecHighCLL, we further characterized how the patient groups differ. Our results provide additional features suggesting distinct cellular response to BCR stimulation, different cell signaling and non comparable cell cycle dynamics. Briefly, the Sµ-3'RRrecHighsamples appear to retain the ability to respond to BCR stimulation, resulting in increased c-MYC expression and to fast cell cycle entry. Whereas Sµ-3'RRrecLowCLLs appear to show a lesser response to BCR stimulation and increasedBcl2transcripts in lymph nodes that could contribute to a more indolent disease. This latter is probably associated with an attenuated genetic recombination activity. Whereas this latter must be exacerbated in condition of more intense proliferation due to MYC in Sµ-3'RRrecHighCLL.
Digitale Deliberation in der Schule
Authors: Hannebauer Leonie , Allert Heidrun , Richter Christoph
Published: August 2024

Medienkompetenzen stärken, demokratische Handlungs- und Partizipationsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen, Allgemeinbildungsprozesse initiieren – diese anspruchsvollen Aufgaben kommen Schulen neben dem fachlichen Unterricht zu. Gelingen kann dies durch eine medienpädagogische Arbeit in der Schule, die Fragen der politischen und digitalen Bildung miteinander vereint und so Möglichkeiten für produktive demokratische Prozesse aufzeigt. Ein konkreter Ansatz hierfür, um den es in diesem Beitrag geht, ist digitale Deliberation. Deliberative Verfahren ermöglichen es Schüler:innen, gesellschaftliche und politische Teilhabe im digitalen Raum zu erproben. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie digitale Plattformen gestaltet werden können, die deliberative Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse mit potenziell vielen Teilnehmenden ermöglichen, und welche Medienkompetenzen die Teilnehmenden selbst mitbringen müssen, um sich an einem solchen politischen Verfahren mit digitalen Technologien beteiligen zu können. Die Schule bietet einen Raum, in dem dies in Form einer aktiven Medienarbeit erprobt werden kann. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Chancen auf, die digitaler Deliberation in der Schule innewohnen, und möchte Medienpädagog:innen dazu aufrufen, diesen Prozess in Schulen zu fördern.
Inklusion und digitale Fallarbeit
Authors: Bernasconi Bernadette , Stets Mona , Walkenhorst Lea , Hanke Petra , Miller Susanne
Published: August 2024

Der Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen des Projekts InDigO (Inklusion und Digitalisierung im OER-Format lernen, weiterentwickeln und verbreiten) entstandene Kooperation der Hochschulstandorte Bielefeld und Köln dar. Anhand einer gemeinsam entwickelten Seminarkonzeption zur inklusionsorientierten Gestaltung von Übergängen in Schule wird die kollaborative Nutzung und Weiterentwicklung von OER in der Hochschullehre und die Förderung inklusions- und digitalisierungsbezogener Kompetenzen in der universitären Lehrer:innenbildung beschrieben. Die Reflexionsergebnisse von Lehrenden und Studierenden, die im Anschluss an das Seminar erhoben wurden, zeigen vielfältige Chancen, aber auch komplexe Herausforderungen beim Einsatz von OER in der Hochschullehre.
Abordagem Terapêutica Para Dente Escurecido: Relato de Caso
Authors: Farias Clailze Brito , Dantas Clara Beatriz de Andrade , Guedes Jennyfer Krishna Martins , Lucena Amanda Lira Rufino de , Monteiro Debora Lana Alves , Dias Joselúcia da Nóbrega
Published: August 2024

Os traumatismos dentários são situações que ocorrem com frequência nos dentes superiores anteriores e podem, além de outras consequências, ocasionar o escurecimento das coroas dentárias. A alteração de cor dos dentes causa insatisfação nos pacientes que apresentam essa condição e representa um dos principais motivos da procura dos mesmos pelo atendimento odontológico. O objetivo desse relato de caso foi apresentar uma abordagem de tratamento estético para um incisivo central escurecido devido ao trauma. Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, descritivo e qualitativo, através de relato de caso clínico. A amostra foi composta por um usuário da clínica escola de Odontologia do UNIFIP, selecionado a partir da condição estabelecida no exame clínico, com diagnóstico de necrose pulpar e escurecimento coronário após traumatismo dentário. O procedimento clínico consistiu em tratamento endodôntico, clareamento dental externo e interno e, posteriormente faceta direta de resina composta. A alteração de cor do elemento dentário foi analisada através da Escala Vita, antes e após o tratamento clareador, bem como após o tratamento restaurador. Os resultados foram apresentados através de fotografias e o paciente será acompanhado em consultas periódicas para a avaliação da estabilidade de cor após o tratamento.