bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Yield From Tissue Samples in Surgical Pathology and Minimum Tissue Requirements for Molecular Testing
Authors: Austin Melissa C. , Smith Christina , Pritchard Colin C. , Tait Jonathan F.
Published: June 2015

Context

Complex molecular assays are increasingly used to direct therapy and provide diagnostic and prognostic information but can require relatively large amounts of DNA.

Objectives

To provide data to pathologists to help them assess tissue adequacy and provide prospective guidance on the amount of tissue that should be procured.

Design

We used slide-based measurements to establish a relationship between processed tissue volume and DNA yield by A260 from 366 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples submitted for the 3 most common molecular assays performed in our laboratory (EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF). We determined the average DNA yield per unit of tissue volume, and we used the distribution of DNA yields to calculate the minimum volume of tissue that should yield sufficient DNA 99% of the time.

Results

All samples with a volume greater than 8 mm3 yielded at least 1 μg of DNA, and more than 80% of samples producing less than 1 μg were extracted from less than 4 mm3 of tissue. Nine square millimeters of tissue should produce more than 1 μg of DNA 99% of the time.

Conclusions

We conclude that 2 tissue cores, each 1 cm long and obtained with an 18-gauge needle, will almost always provide enough DNA for complex multigene assays, and our methodology may be readily extrapolated to individual institutional practice.
Computational Pathology: A Path Ahead
Authors: Louis David N. , Feldman Michael , Carter Alexis B. , Dighe Anand S. , Pfeifer John D. , Bry Lynn , Almeida Jonas S. , Saltz Joel , Braun Jonathan , Tomaszewski John E. , Gilbertson John R. , Sinard John H. , Gerber Georg K. , Galli Stephen J. , Golden Jeffrey A. , Becich Michael J.
Published: June 2015

Context

We define the scope and needs within the new discipline of computational pathology, a discipline critical to the future of both the practice of pathology and, more broadly, medical practice in general.

Objective

To define the scope and needs of computational pathology.

Data Sources

A meeting was convened in Boston, Massachusetts, in July 2014 prior to the annual Association of Pathology Chairs meeting, and it was attended by a variety of pathologists, including individuals highly invested in pathology informatics as well as chairs of pathology departments.

Conclusions

The meeting made recommendations to promote computational pathology, including clearly defining the field and articulating its value propositions; asserting that the value propositions for health care systems must include means to incorporate robust computational approaches to implement data-driven methods that aid in guiding individual and population health care; leveraging computational pathology as a center for data interpretation in modern health care systems; stating that realizing the value proposition will require working with institutional administrations, other departments, and pathology colleagues; declaring that a robust pipeline should be fostered that trains and develops future computational pathologists, for those with both pathology and nonpathology backgrounds; and deciding that computational pathology should serve as a hub for data-related research in health care systems. The dissemination of these recommendations to pathology and bioinformatics departments should help facilitate the development of computational pathology.
Readers’ Advisory: The Who, the How, and the Why
Authors: Smith Duncan
Published: June 2015

In this issue, we are fortunate to welcome a pioneer in readers’ advisory. Duncan Smith has helped shape how we think of readers’ services and how we help our readers find their next good book. But, more than that, he has a passion for RA that shines through his presentations, work, and writing. With other pioneers such as Joyce Saricks, Nancy Pearl, and Nancy Brown, we have shaped our RA practices around appeals, the reference interview model and implicit knowledge. In Bill Crowley’s 2014 article “Time to Rethink Readers’ Advisory Education?,” Crowley questions our current practices and provides thoughtful reflection on a new direction for growing RA. This article, written by Duncan Smith, is a response to Crowley’s thoughts. Addressing some of Crowley’s ideas directly, but also reflecting on what it is to be a professional, Smith presents ideas that should start a dialogue within our profession about how we view RA services, who can be a readers’ advisor, and how we push our services into the future.
Accidental Technologist: The Tor Browser and Intellectual Freedom in the Digital Age
Authors: Macrina Alison
Published: June 2015

I have wanted to publish a column on privacy as it relates to library technology for a while. While privacy has always been an issue at the forefront of librarians' minds, revelations surrounding the NSA's far-reaching data-collection programs and a seemingly unending string of high-profile breaches at major companies make paying attention to privacy all the more pressing. Having discovered Alison Macrina's work via an appropriately-titled article "Radical Librarianship: How Ninja Librarians are Ensuring Patrons' Electronic Privacy" she was an obvious choice for author. Her work with the Library Freedom Project is vitally important to the future of libraries and recently earned a Knight Foundation grant.
Amplify Your Impact: Marketing to Faculty in an Academic Library
Authors: Eva Nicole
Published: June 2015

Marketing a library needs to take into account the various stakeholders within the constituency. Often, academic libraries focus on students as their main "target market," but it is important not to overlook faculty members as important patrons and allies. The needs of faculty are very different from those of students, as are the messages and the communication avenues. This article discusses various ideas on how to engage faculty with the library.
Sources: Letting Go of Legacy Services: Library Case Studies
Authors: Lacy Meagan
Published: June 2015

Drawing on the organizational theories of noted business thinker and management consultant Peter Drucker, the editors of this volume have gathered together case studies and interviews that illustrate his concept of planned abandonment at work in libraries. Defined as the systematic evaluation of products and services, planned abandonment in libraries means examining reference, instruction, and collection development and abandoning those services that are no longer relevant in the present context. The editors argue that this strategy is the hallmark of innovative organizations and the key to libraries' future longevity.
Sources: Managing with Data: Using ACRLMetrics and PLAmetrics
Authors: Agee Ann
Published: June 2015

Statistics can be daunting, but for today's library managers, they are an inescapable part of the job. Managers need data to guide the decisions they make. They also must provide evidence to library stakeholders of the direct and indirect benefits their libraries offer. Managing with Data, a companion volume to the authors' Getting Started with Evaluation (ALA, 2014), provides a detailed approach to how to choose the best metrics for library assessment and how to tell a persuasive story with the resulting data.
Sources: Putting the User First: 30 Strategies for Transforming Library Services
Authors: Thornton Jackie
Published: June 2015

Part of the ALA Readers' Advisory Series, The Readers' Advisory Guide to Genre Blends explores the dynamic world of books that combine characteristics of multiple genres. With more than fifteen years of experience in collection development and readers' advisory and her own website devoted to genre blending, author Megan McArdle has both the knowledge and the passion needed to tackle this amorphous topic. More than 420 different titles from adult fiction are listed, and some teen titles, graphic novels, films, and TV shows are also cited.
Sources: The 100 Most Important American Financial Crises: An Encyclopedia of the Lowest Points in American Economic History
Authors: Koltonski Edward Anthony
Published: June 2015

The story of the United States is tied inexorably to the highs and lows of its economy. This single-volume encyclopedia brings together what the author feels are the one hundred most important financial crises that occurred from Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 to the Detroit bankruptcy in 2013. There is also an appendix which includes textual reproductions of some of the events covered in the book, along with a robust bibliography and index. Topics are 2-3 pages long. Individual entries consist of a condensed narrative of events, followed by a "see also" section pointing readers to other entries the author finds similar or connected and, finally, a list of two or three recommended readings. Some entries provide illustrations or photographs but no charts or graphs are used. The format remains consistent throughout.
Sources: Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture
Authors: Marien Stacey
Published: June 2015

What do Torments of Love, Lady's Upper Arms, Sigh of a Lima Woman, and Little Spiders have in common? They are all sweet treats featured in this encyclopedia authored by the Roufs. Timothy Roufs is a cultural anthropologist who teaches food-related courses at the University of Minnesota, Duluth while Kathleen Roufs is emeritus director of advising and retention at the same university. The preface states that the volume "explores this myriad feast of sweets with an emphasis on an anthropological approach that focuses on foods in a holistic, historical, and comparative manner" (xix). The introduction goes into detail about humans' love for sugar, fat, and salt.
Sources: The World's Population: An Encyclopedia of Critical Issues, Crises, and Ever-Growing Countries
Authors: Donatiello Joann E.
Published: June 2015

The introduction to The World's Population states that its purpose is "to address population-related questions in hopes of shedding light on relationships between population issues and other major problems of contemporary and future global concern" (xv). The preface, which provides an overview of traditional demography, presents questions: "How many people live on the earth today? How has this number of people changed in the past? Will the number of people currently living on the earth continue to rise as it has in recent decades? How many people can the earth support? Why do people move from place to place?" (xi).
Bullying escolar: a justiça restaurativa como forma de enfrentar e prevenir violências
Authors: Menezes Cristiane Penning Pauli de , Granzzotto Daiane Stradiotto
Published: June 2015

A interdisciplinaridade entre Direito e Educação permeia o presente artigo ao ligar o tema do bullying com o conceito da Justiça Restaurativa, analisada como um instrumento que pode auxiliar na prevenção dos conflitos que envolvam o bullying no interior das escolas. Assim, o presente artigo tem por objetivo entrelaçar a Justiça Restaurativa aos conflitos de bullying, que atualmente ganham novas roupagens, tendo em vista que as agressões quando não são tratadas com seriedade no ambiente escolar acabam por trazer nas relações interpessoais dos estudantes. Por mais que os debates sobre o tema tenham avançado, novas investigações sobre o tema são imprescindíveis para buscar alternativas de resolução e prevenção destes conflitos, no sentido de preparar os profissionais da comunidade escolar para que possam lidar com esta realidade presente no âmbito escolar.Palavras-chave: bullying, justiça restaurativa, conflitos escolares.
Do projeto político-pedagógico ao planejamento estratégico escolar
Authors: Jesus Osvaldo Freitas de
Published: June 2015

O projeto político-pedagógico - PPP -, feito como resposta à exigência dos artigos 12, 13, 14 e 15 da LDB/96, cumpriu seu papel na escola. Despertou o planejamento, a busca de identidade institucional e alguma inovação na educação. Mas ele se tornou um documento de pouco impacto, pois, depois de elaborado, o PPP não permaneceu como a referência. O projeto político-pedagógico foi mais o cumprimento de uma exigência legal, em vez de um planejamento estratégico da instituição. Assim, ele exerce pouca influência na vida concreta da gestão da escola. Já o planejamento estratégico escolar - PEE -, voltado para resultados no desempenho da escola, poderia ser uma resposta aos desafios educacionais atuais. A gestão escolar, centrada em resultados, pode trazer contribuições importantes para a escola.Palavras-chave: planejamento político pedagógico, gestão escolar, planejamento estratégico escolar.
Gestão educacional inovadora: o professor na cultura digital
Authors: Favarin Edenise Do Amaral , Rocha Adriana Moreira da
Published: June 2015

Este artigo é um recorte do trabalho monográfico e tem como objetivo geral compreender a ênfase dada à formação do professor nas políticas públicas de formação de professores e no projeto político-pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia diurno presencial da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O processo metodológico envolveu a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise de documentos legais. O PPP do curso está em consonância com os documentos legais analisados. Contudo, inferimos que pelo fato do referido PPP considerar minimamente a cultura digital como referência curricular na formação do futuro professor, demonstra distanciamento da referência cultural das novas gerações, aspecto importante destacado também nas DCN para o curso de Pedagogia.Palavras-chave: gestão educacional, políticas públicas de formação de professores, projeto político pedagógico.
Análisis del argumento de Berkeley para probar la existencia de Dios (Tratado sobre los principios del conocimiento humano I, §29)
Authors: Oya Márquez Alberto
Published: June 2015

En este ensayo analizaremos el argumento que usa Berkeley para probar la existencia de Dios en el Tratado sobre los principios del conocimiento humano I, §29. Veremos cuál es la estructura del argumento, la justificación que ofrece Berkeley de sus premisas y expondremos los que creemos son los principales problemas del argumento. A partir de nuestro análisis, llegaremos a la conclusión de que el argumento es dialécticamente inútil, en tanto que sus premisas no están justificadas.
Enrique Anrubia, La herida y la súplica. Una filosofía del consuelo
Authors: González Cantón César
Published: June 2015

Reseña del libro de Enrique Anrubia, La herida y la súplica. Una filosofía del consuelo.
Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis
Authors: Ylikoski Petri , Pöyhönen Samuli
Published: June 2015

Ylikoski, P., & Pöyhönen, S. (2015). Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 21-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189The psychiatric category of addiction has recently been broadened to include new behaviors. This has prompted critical discussion about the value of a concept that covers so many different substances and activities. Many of the debates surrounding the notion of addiction stem from different views concerning what kind of a thing addiction fundamentally is. In this essay, we put forward an account that conceptualizes different addictions as sharing a cluster of relevant properties (the syndrome) that is supported by a matrix of causal mechanisms. According to this "addiction-as-a-kind" hypothesis, several different kinds of substance and behavioral addictions can be thought of as instantiations of the same thing—addiction. We show how a clearly articulated account of addiction can facilitate empirical research and the theoretical integration of different perspectives on addiction. The causal matrix approach provides a promising alternative to existing accounts of the nature of psychiatric disorders, the traditional disease model, and its competitors. It is a positive addition to discussions about diagnostic criteria, and sheds light on how psychiatric classification may be integrated with research done in other scientific fields. We argue that it also provides a plausible approach to understanding comorbidity.
Addiction, recovery and moral agency: Philosophical considerations
Authors: Uusitalo Susanne
Published: June 2015

Uusitalo, S. (2015). Addiction, recovery and moral agency: Philosophical considerations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, X(Y), N-M. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.vXiY.190 Aims: The purpose of this paper is to argue that it is important to recognize that addicts are morally accountable even for their addictive action, as moral agency is more generally an important factor in full-blown human agency. The challenge is to identify the problems that addicts have in their agency without discarding their potentially full-blown agency. Design: In philosophy of agency, moral responsibility and accountability, in particular, may refer to control over one’s action. I discuss this control as reason-responsiveness and, on a more general level, illustrate the importance of moral agency to human agency with a contrasting example of psychopaths and addicts as agents. Measures: A philosophical analysis is carried out in order to argue for the relevance and importance of moral accountability in therapeutic models of addiction. Findings: The example of psychopaths and addicts illustrates that moral agency is part of full-blown human agency, as psychopaths are generally believed to lack moral skills common to non-psychopathic individuals. I argue that addicts are not analogous to psychopaths in the framework of moral agency in this respect. Conclusions: By fleshing out the conceptual considerations in the framework of addiction therapies, I clarify the relevance and importance of moral accountability in therapeutic models of addiction. If evidence-based therapies attempt to restore the addict’s full-fledged agency at least in respect to addiction, then acknowledging addicts’ moral accountability for their action does matter.
Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?
Authors: Kalant Harold
Published: June 2015

Kalant, H. (2015). Neurobiological research on addiction: What value has it added to the concept?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 53-59. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.196The initial goal of neurobiological research on addiction was to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the mediation and expression of addictive behavior. More recently, however, it has attributed causal roles to these mechanisms, as illustrated by the definition of addiction as a brain disease caused by chronic exposure to a drug. This concept carries a number of implications that can be assessed experimentally and clinically. None of these implications is borne out by the currently available evidence. The interactions of neuronal systems involved in addiction are also involved in adaptation to experience and environmental change. Much of the neurobiological research to date has not differentiated between causes of addiction, neuronal mechanisms that are activated by them, and risk factors that contribute to individual vulnerability. It has largely ignored the important experiential and environmental influences known to affect the prevalence of addiction in different populations or different times, and it has so far directed much less attention to other forms of addiction-like behavior that do not involve drugs. These failures are not inherent in neurobiological research but require reorientation of objectives, including more emphasis on the study of mechanisms by which environment and experience, including drug experience, can determine whether genetic risk factors are expressed or remain dormant and can direct neuroadaptive mechanisms toward alternative outcomes.
Addiction: The dance between concept and terms
Authors: Room Robin , Hellman Matilda , Stenius Kerstin
Published: June 2015

Room, R., Hellman, M., & Stenius, K. (2015). Addiction: The dance between concept and terms. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(1), 27-35. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.199The paper discusses the relation between a concept of addiction and the terminology used for its communication, drawing on and analyzing historical citations from the Oxford English Dictionary. The history of words used in English illustrates that terms for a concept change over time, often by an existing word being repurposed. “Addiction” as a term existed prior to the contemporary concept, but with a descriptive meaning that did not carry the explanatory power intrinsic in the modern variant. So its use as a word for the modern conception of the addiction phenomenon was delayed well beyond the emergence of the concept. The experience in English of interplay between concept and terms is discussed in the context of two frames: of influence in both directions between medical and popular concepts and terms, and of cross-cultural variations in the concept and of terms for it.
Tombstone Pattern Electrocardiogram in a Young Woman
Authors: Chen Yun , Ge Ping , Zhuang Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2024

A woman in her mid-20s presented with acute fever, chest pain, and exertional dyspnea. Electrocardiogram results showed sinus tachycardia, QRS widening, low-voltage complexes, and ST-segment elevation. What would you do next?
Redefining Cardiac Involvement and Targets of Treatment in Systemic Immunoglobulin AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Porcari Aldostefano , Masi Ambra , Martinez-Naharro Ana , Razvi Yousuf , Patel Rishi , Ioannou Adam , Rauf Muhammad U. , Sinigiani Giulio , Wisniowski Brendan , Filisetti Stefano , Currie-Cathey Jasmine , O’Beara Sophie , Kotecha Tushar , Knight Dan , Moon James C. , Sinagra Gianfranco , Virsinskaite Ruta , Gilbertson Janet , Venneri Lucia , Petrie Aviva , Lachmann Helen , Whelan Carol , Kellman Peter , Ravichandran Sriram , Cohen Oliver , Mahmood Shameem , Manisty Charlotte , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian D. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Fontana Marianna
Published: August 2024

Importance

Cardiac amyloid infiltration is the key determinant of survival in systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Current guidelines recommend early switching therapy in patients with a nonoptimal or suboptimal response regardless of the extent of cardiac amyloid infiltration.

Objective

To assess the differences between serum biomarkers, echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with extracellular volume (ECV) mapping in characterizing cardiac amyloid, the independent prognostic role of these approaches, and the role of ECV mapping to guide treatment strategies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Consecutive patients newly diagnosed with systemic AL amyloidosis (2015-2021) underwent echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, and CMR with ECV mapping at diagnosis. Data were analyzed from January to June 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes of the study were all-cause mortality and hematological response as defined according to validated criteria: no response (NR), partial response (PR), very good partial response (VGPR), and complete response (CR). Secondary outcomes were the depth and speed of hematological response and overall survival according to ECV.

Results

Of 560 patients with AL amyloidosis, the median (IQR) age was 68 years (59-74 years); 346 patients were male (61.8%) and 214 female (38.2%). Over a median (IQR) 40.5 months 9-58 months), ECV was independently associated with mortality. In the landmark analysis at 1 month, long-term survival was independent of the achieved hematological response in ECV less than 0.30% and ECV of 0.31% to 0.40%, while it was dependent on the depth of the hematological response in ECV greater than 0.40%. In the landmark analysis at 6 months, survival was independent of the achieved hematological response in ECV less than 0.30% and dependent on achieving at least PR in ECV of 0.31% to 0.40%. Survival was dependent on achieving CR in ECV of 0.41% to 0.50% and ECV greater than 0.50%. Achieving a deep hematological response at 1 month was associated with better survival compared with 6 months in patients with ECV greater than 0.40% but not with ECV less than 0.40%.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that ECV mapping, in systemic AL amyloidosis, is an independent predictor of prognosis, can help define the hematological response associated with better long-term outcomes for each patient and potentially inform treatment strategies.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Pruriginosa Treated With Upadacitinib
Authors: Zhang Zeqiao , Lin Zhimiao
Published: August 2024

This case series measured the results of using upadacitinib for moderate or severe cases of epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Zeng Yu , Chourpiliadis Charilaos , Hammar Niklas , Seitz Christina , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Fang Fang , Song Huan , Wei Dang
Published: August 2024

Importance

Individuals with psychiatric disorders have been reported to have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and prospective evidence is limited regarding the association between inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.

Objective

To assess the associations between inflammation biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective cohort study including individuals from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort, with no prior psychiatric diagnoses and having a measurement of at least 1 inflammatory biomarker. Data from the UK Biobank were used for validation. Longitudinal trajectories of studied biomarkers were visualized before diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the AMORIS cohort via a nested case-control study. In addition, genetic correlation and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to determine the genetic overlap and causality of the studied associations using publicly available GWAS summary statistics.

Exposures

Inflammatory biomarkers, eg, leukocytes, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, or albumin.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Any psychiatric disorder or specific psychiatric disorder (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders) was identified through the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Revision codes.

Results

Among the 585 279 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [14.9] years; 306 784 male [52.4%]) in the AMORIS cohort, individuals with a higher than median level of leukocytes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.14), haptoglobin (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.12-1.14), or CRP (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) had an elevated associated risk of any psychiatric disorders. In contrast, we found an inverse association for IgG level (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94). The estimates were comparable for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, specifically, and these results were largely validated in the UK Biobank (n = 485 620). Analyses of trajectories revealed that individuals with psychiatric disorders had higher levels of leukocytes and haptoglobin and a lower level of IgG than their controls up to 30 years before the diagnosis. The MR analysis suggested a possible causal relationship between leukocytes and depression.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, inflammatory biomarkers including leukocytes, haptoglobin, CRP, and IgG were associated with a subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus might be used for high-risk population identification. The possible causal link between leukocytes and depression supports the crucial role of inflammation in the development of psychiatric disorders.
Trajectories of Inflammation in Youth and Risk of Mental and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Adulthood
Authors: Palmer Edward R. , Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Perry Benjamin I. , Marwaha Steven , Warwick Ella , Rogers Jack C. , Upthegrove Rachel
Published: August 2024

Importance

Research suggests that low-grade, nonresolving inflammation may predate adult mental and physical illness. However, evidence to date is largely cross-sectional or focuses on single disorder outcomes.

Objectives

To examine trajectories of inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a large sample of children and adolescents, and to explore associations between different identified trajectories and mental and related cardiometabolic health outcomes in early adulthood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In a longitudinal cohort study using data from the large UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to explore different trajectories of inflammation, with logistic regression exploring association with mental and physical health outcomes. Participants with measurable CRP data and associated mental and cardiometabolic health outcomes recorded were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2023, to March 30, 2024.

Exposures

Inflammation was assessed via CRP levels at ages 9, 15, and 17 years. LCGA was used to identify different trajectories of inflammation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes assessed at age 24 years included psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, hypomania, and, as a measure of insulin resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) score.

Results

A total of 6556 participants (3303 [50.4%] female) were included. Three classes of inflammation were identified: persistently low CRP levels (reference class, n = 6109); persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 9 years (early peak, n = 197); and persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 17 years (late peak, n = 250). Participants in the early peak group were associated with a higher risk of psychotic disorder (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.81-11.70; P = .008), a higher risk of severe depression (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.64-11.63; P = .02), and higher HOMA2 scores (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.62, P = .04) compared with participants with persistently low CRP. The late peak group was not associated with any outcomes at age 24 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

Low-grade systemic inflammation peaking in midchildhood was associated with specific mental and cardiometabolic disorders in young adulthood. These findings suggest that low-grade persistent inflammation in early life may be an important shared common factor for mental-physical comorbidity and so could be relevant to future efforts of patient stratification and risk profiling.
Strategies to Mitigate Food Insecurity in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Ehsan Anam N. , Berkowitz Seth A. , Ranganathan Kavitha
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses strategies to mitigate food insecurity in patients undergoing surgery.
TROP2 in colorectal carcinoma: associations with histopathology, molecular phenotype, and patient prognosis
Authors: Foersch Sebastian , Schmitt Maxime , Litmeyer Anne‐Sophie , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Gress Thomas , Bartsch Detlef K , Pfarr Nicole , Steiger Katja , Denkert Carsten , Jesinghaus Moritz
Published: August 2024

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) directed to trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) have gained approval as a therapeutic option for advanced triple‐negative breast cancer, and TROP2 expression has been linked to unfavourable outcomes in various malignancies. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on its expression frequency and its prognostic implications in relation to the main clinicopathological parameters. We examined the expression of TROP2 in a large cohort of 1,052 CRC cases and correlated our findings with histopathological and molecular parameters, tumour stage, and patient outcomes. TROP2 was heterogeneously expressed in 214/1,052 CRCs (20.3%), with only a fraction of strongly positive tumours. TROP2 expression significantly correlated with an invasive histological phenotype (e.g. increased tumour budding/aggressive histopathological subtypes), advanced tumour stage, microsatellite stable tumours, and p53 alterations. While TROP2 expression was prognostic in univariable analyses of the overall cohort (e.g. for disease‐free survival, p < 0.001), it exhibited distinct variations among important clinicopathological subgroups (e.g. right‐ versus left‐sided CRC, microsatellite stable versus unstable CRC, Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] stages) and lost its significance in multivariable analyses that included stage and CRC histopathology. In summary, TROP2 is quite frequently expressed in CRC and associated with an aggressive histopathological phenotype and microsatellite stable tumours. Future clinical trials investigating anti‐TROP2 ADCs should acknowledge the observed intratumoural heterogeneity, given that only a subset of TROP2‐expressing CRC show strong positivity. The prognostic implications of TROP2 are complex and show substantial variations across crucial clinicopathological subgroups, thus indicating that TROP2 is a suboptimal parameter to predict patient prognosis.
Serum Arginine Level for Predicting Early Allograft Dysfunction in Liver Transplantation Recipients by Targeted Metabolomics Analysis: A Prospective, Single‐Center Cohort Study
Authors: Geng Chunmei , Chen Fang , Sun Hanyong , Lin Houwen , Qian Yongbing , Zhang Jianjun , Xia Qiang
Published: August 2024

Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a frequent phenomenon, leading to increased graft loss and higher mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Despite significant efforts for early diagnosis of EAD, there is no existing approach that can predict EAD on the first post‐operative day. The aim is to define a metabolite‐based biomarker on the first day after LT complicated with EAD. Ten patients diagnosed with EAD and 26 non‐EAD are recruited for the study. A HPLC‐MS/MS is used to determine 14 amino acids and 15 bile acids serum concentration. Comparative analyses are conducted between EAD and non‐EAD groups. Arginine is identified as the most significant metabolite distinguishing the EAD and non‐EAD groups, and therefore, is identified as a potential biomarker of EAD. The optimal cut‐off value for arginine is 52.09 µmol L−1, with an AUROC of 0.804 (95% confidence interval: 0.638–0.917, p < 0.001), yielding a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 53.8%, and Youden index of 0.54, NPVof 100%, and PPV of 45.45%. In summary, the study indicated that targeted metabolomics analysis would be a promising strategy for discovering novel biomarkers to predict EAD. The identified arginine may be helpful in developing an objective diagnostic method for EAD.
Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Processed with Green Solvents Enabling a Wide Antisolvent Time Window
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Tang Zixun , Li Zexu , Wang Qian , Fu Yingying , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

Green solvent processing of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is a necessity for their future commercialization. However, the almost insoluble nature of perovskites in most green solvents strongly impedes the progress of green solvent‐processed PeLEDs. Here, a novel green solvent triethylene glycol (TEG) is used as the processing solvent for perovskites. TEG has better solubility for perovskite precursors than most reported green solvents. Moreover, it is found that the low vapor pressure of TEG solvent and stable precursor solution render a much wider time window for the so‐called antisolvent treatment than that of perovskite precursor solution in commonly dimethyl sulfoxide. High‐quality perovskite film can be readily synthesized with the antisolvent treatment at a time window of 70–100 s, and the resultant green PeLEDs demonstrate nearly identical light‐emitting efficiencies. Together with further interface modification, the optimized green PeLEDs processed with TEG exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 20.4% and a maximal luminance over 38000 cd m−2. It is the first successful attempt to fabricate high‐efficiency PeLEDs utilizing green solvent and is enlightening for the development of high‐performance PeLEDs prepared with eco‐friendly solvents.
Calcium Phosphates: A Key to Next‐Generation In Vitro Bone Modeling
Authors: Pandit Ashish , Indurkar Abhishek , Locs Janis , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Loca Dagnija
Published: August 2024

The replication of bone physiology under laboratory conditions is a prime target behind the development of in vitro bone models. The model should be robust enough to elicit an unbiased response when stimulated experimentally, giving reproducible outcomes. In vitro bone tissue generation majorly requires the availability of cellular components, the presence of factors promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation, efficient nutrient supply, and a supporting matrix for the cells to anchor – gaining predefined topology. Calcium phosphates (CaP) are difficult to ignore while considering the above requirements of a bone model. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of CaP in developing an in vitro bone model addressing the prerequisites of bone tissue generation. Special emphasis is given to the physico‐chemical properties of CaP that promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and provide sufficient mechanical strength for load‐bearing applications. Finally, the future course of action is discussed to ensure efficient utilization of CaP in the in vitro bone model development field.
Activated Co in Thiospinel Boosting Li2CO3 Decomposition in Li−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Yanli , Li Junfeng , Lu Bingyi , Liu Yingqi , Mao Rui , Song Yanze , Li Hongtai , Yu Xinqian , Gao Yongzheng , Peng Qiong , Qi Xiaosi , Zhou Guangmin
Published: August 2024

Catalytic reactions mainly depend on the adsorption properties of reactants on the catalyst, which provides a perspective for the design of reversible lithium−carbon dioxide (Li−CO2) batteries including CO2 reduction (CO2RR) and CO2 evolution (CO2ER) reactions. However, due to the complex reaction process, the relationship between the adsorption configuration and CO2RR/CO2ER catalytic activity is still unclear in Li─CO2 batteries. Herein, taking Co3S4 as a model system, nickel (Ni substitution in the tetrahedral site to activate cobalt (Co) atom for forming multiatom catalytic domains in NiCo2S4 is utilized. Benefiting from the special geometric and electronic structures, NiCo2S4 exhibits an optimized adsorption configuration of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), promoting its effective activation and decomposition. As a result, the Li−CO2 batteries with NiCo2S4 cathode exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance in terms of low potential gap of 0.42 V and high energy efficiency of 88.7%. This work provides a unique perspective for the development of highly efficient catalysts in Li−CO2 batteries.
Delivery Systems Developed for Treatment Combinations to Improve Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Xu Fengfei , Ni Qiankun , Gong Ningqiang , Xia Bozhang , Zhang Jinchao , Guo Weisheng , Hu Zhongbo , Li Jinghong , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: August 2024

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown great success in the clinic for treating hematologic malignancies. However, solid tumor treatment with ACT monotherapy is still challenging, owing to insufficient expansion and rapid exhaustion of adoptive cells, tumor antigen downregulation/loss, and dense tumor extracellular matrix. Delivery strategies for combination cell therapy have great potential to overcome these hurdles. The delivery of vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, chemotherapeutics, and photothermal reagents in combination with adoptive cells, have been shown to improve the expansion/activation, decrease exhaustion, and promote the penetration of adoptive cells in solid tumors. Moreover, the delivery of nucleic acids to engineer immune cells directly in vivo holds promise to overcome many of the hurdles associated with the complex ex vivo cell engineering strategies. Here, these research advance, as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating delivery technologies into cell therapy s are discussed, and the outlook for these emerging areas are criticlly analyzed.
Exploring Naturally Tailored Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Selective Bacteriostatic Implant Coatings
Authors: Zhou Zilin , Sun Lizhong , Tu Yuanyuan , Yang Yingming , Hou Ailin , Li Jiyao , Luo Jun , Cheng Lei , Li Jianshu , Liang Kunneng , Yang Jiaojiao
Published: August 2024

In treating infectious diseases, achieving selective bacterial inhibition is crucial for preserving the microecological equilibrium. The current approaches predominantly rely on synthetic materials tailored to specific bacteria, considering their cell walls or oxygen requirements. Herein, inspired by intricate bacterial communication, a natural implant is proposed coating utilizing bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), essential components in bacterial signaling, integrated onto diverse implant surfaces through a universal poly (tannic acid) bridging layer. This coating is homogenous and stable, unexpectedly promoting the proliferation of parental bacteria while inhibiting heterologous bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the selective bacteriostatic ability arises from OMVs, upregulating anti‐oxidative stress genes in heterologous bacteria and activating biofilm‐related genes in parental bacteria. This study positions OMVs as an appealing biomaterial for selective bacterial inhibition through a biological approach, showcasing their potential in regulating the microecological balance through a natural interface modification strategy.
Long‐term effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine on cognitive decline, cardiovascular events, and mortality in dementia with Lewy bodies: An up to 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Xu Hong , Habich Annegret , Ferreira Daniel , Elisabet Londos , Westman Eric , Eriksdotter Maria
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to assess the impact of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine on cognition, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

METHODS

A total of 1,095 incident DLB patients from the Swedish Registry on cognitive/dementia disorders were included. Using an inverse probability of treatment weighting, the effect of initiating ChEI or memantine within 90 days of DLB diagnosis and nonuse was evaluated on cognitive trajectories and risks of MACE and death.

RESULTS

The use of ChEIs significantly slowed cognitive decline at follow‐ups (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE] ‐0.39 points/y; 95% confidence interval [CI], ‐0.96 to 0.18) compared to memantine (‐2.49 points/y; ‐4.02 to ‐0.97) and nonuse (‐2.50 points/y; ‐4.28 to ‐0.73). Treatment groups did not differ in MACE events. ChEI use was associated with lower risk of death in the first year after DLB diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.46, 0.94).

DISCUSSION

Our findings illuminate the potential benefits of ChEI treatment in DLB patients.

Highlights

Cholinesterase inhibitors slow cognitive decline over a 5‐year follow‐up period when compared to both memantine treatment and nonuse in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors reduce risk of mortality within the initial year, but this effect is not sustained after 1 year in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies.
The Conformal Image of the Electron
Authors: Lin De‐Hone
Published: August 2024

The construction of a transformation image is pivotal to the transformation design method for steering waves around an object. Constructing the conformal images of an electron, however, remains a challenge, primarily due to the complexities involved in realizing the spin structure within the image space. This study proposes a novel solution in this regard of the electron's spin structure on a surface, leveraging on the interactions between the electron and a vector potential. By introducing a scalar potential to facilitate the generation of a conformal metric structure and differential operator in the Dirac equation, it is demonstrated that the conformal image of the electron can indeed be constructed within an appropriate electromagnetic field. Furthermore, an equivalence between the geometric effect of a conformal deformation on the electron and the action of an electromagnetic force is established. Electromagnetic fields are used to generate form‐invariant conformal images of the electron within a plane and on a sphere. These examples help showcase the effectiveness of the currently presented method in realizing the conformal images of the electron in various settings.
Highly Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence from Doped Crystals
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Zhu Tianwen , Li Anze , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yuan Wang
Published: August 2024

Organic red/near‐infrared (NIR) room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with low toxicity and facile synthesis are highly sought after, particularly for applications in biotechnology and encryption. However, achieving efficient red/NIR RTP emitters has been challenging due to the weak spin‐orbit coupling of organics and the rapid nonradiative decay imposed by the energy gap law. Here we demonstrate highly efficient red/NIR RTP with boosted quantum yields (Φps) of up to 32.96 % through doping the thionated derivatives of phthalimide (PAI) (MTPAI and DTPAI) into PAI crystals. The red‐shifted photoluminescence (PL) stems from a combination of the external heavy atom effect and the formation of emissive clusters centered around electron‐rich sulfur atoms. Furthermore, the dopants enhance exciton generation efficiency and facilitate energy transfer from smaller PAI units to larger aggregates, leading to dramatically increased Φp. This strategy proves universal, opening possibilities for acquiring long‐wavelength RTP with tunable photophysical properties. The doped crystals exhibit promising applications in optical waveguides and encryption paper/ink. This research provides a practical approach to obtaining long‐wavelength RTP materials and offers valuable insights into the mechanisms governing host‐guest systems.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Functionalization and Annulation of N‐Aryl Phthalazinediones with Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Naharwal Sushma , Dinkar Kharat Narendra , Bajaj Kiran , Panda Siva S , Sakhuja Rajeev
Published: August 2024

A direct ortho‐Csp2‐H acylalkylation of 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones with unsubstituted and substituted allyl alcohols is achieved in high yields through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation process. The additional employment of Cu(OAc)2⋅2H2O as an oxidant detour the reaction towards [4+1] annulation, producing 13‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐13H‐indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐6,11‐diones in moderate yields. Interestingly, Lawesson's reagent‐mediated conditions accomplished intramolecular cyclization in ortho‐(formylalkylated)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐diones to produce diazepino[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐diones in moderate yields. Furthermore, allyl alcohol showcased distinct reactivity in presence of different additives to produce ortho‐allylated, oxidative and non‐oxidative [4+2] annulated products.