bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous carbon addition reduces soil organic carbon: the effects of fungi on soil carbon priming exceed those of bacteria on soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Zhang Limin , Wang Yang , Chen Jin , Li Fangbing , Zhang Chengfu , Cao Yang , Cai Guojun , Yu Lifei
Published: April 2023

Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) forms the largest terrestrial organic C pool, which is regulated by the complex connections between exogenous C input, microbial activity, and SOC turnover. Few studies have examined the changes in SOC due to microbial activity after exogenous C inputs in karst lime soils in China. We aimed to quantify the responses of soil organic carbon to exogenous carbon.
Methods the 13C isotope tracer technique was employed to investigate the priming effect on typical lime soil of 13C-litter and 13C-CaCO3 through a mineralization-incubation experiment. Samples were collected at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of incubation and analyzed for SOC mineralization, SOC distribution across fractions (>250 μm, 53～250 μm, and <53 μm), and soil microbial diversity. A control consisting of no exogenous C addition was included.
Results SOC mineralization and SOC priming were considerably higher (15.48% and 61.00%, respectively) after litter addition compared to CaCO3. The addition of either litter or CaCO3 reduced the total organic C (TOC) and macroaggregate (>250 μm) and microaggregate (53～250 μm) C fractions by 2150.13, 2229.06, and 1575.06 mg C kg–1 Cbulk on average and increased the mineral associated C fraction (<53 μm) by 1653.98 mg C kg–1 Cbulk. As the incubation time extended, a significantly positive correlation was apparent between SOC priming and soil fungal diversity, as well as between the mineral associated C fraction and soil bacterial diversity. The effect of soil fungal diversity on SOC priming (R = 0.40, P = 0.003) significantly exceeded that of bacterial diversity on SOC sequestration (R = 0.27, P = 0.02).
Conclusions Our results reveal that after adding litter or CaCO3, soil fungi stimulate SOC mineralization and decomposition and that soil bacteria enhance SOC sequestration, with the effects of fungi being more pronounced. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for understanding C sequestration and emission reduction in karst lime soils.
The Improvement of Period of Pseudo Random Number Sequence: an Algebraic Approach
Authors: Ghosh Debashis
Published: April 2023

Linear feedback shift registers are the fundamental structure of pseudo random number generators that are used in formation of channel key. Many methods were proposed for determining linear recurring sequences generated by Linear Feedback Shift Registers to enhance the period. In view of large scale application of this sequence in security and privacy, a clocked controlled linear feedback shift register has been introduced, known as dynamic linear feedback shift register. In this article, we emphasis on dynamic linear feedback shift register scheme using combinatorial design having constant block length and algebraic structure to enhance the period. Such sequence has the vulnerability from attack. Our proposal for designing dynamic linear feedback shift register involves primitive polynomial over a finite fields of prime power. A counter example shown the practical implication of our theory that improve the period of the sequence than existing scheme. Finally an effort was thru on properties of the generated sequence in terms of security aspect.
Mathematics Subject Classification Code[2020]: 68W30, 12L15.
Assessing GPT-4’s Role as a Co-Collaborator in Scientific Research: A Case Study Analyzing Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Bryant Steven
Published: April 2023

This study explores GPT-4 as a co-collaborator in scientific research, focusing on evaluating the consistency of Einstein’s Special Relativity Theory equations. GPT-4’s human-level performance makes it a valuable partner in complex research areas with limited access to human experts. Through in-depth conversations, GPT-4 confirmed an inconsistency in the SRT equations, challenging the theory’s validity. This inconsistency persisted except where x=ct, a conclusion reached after GPT-4 advised expanding the range over which the inconsistency was observed. Despite GPT-4’s biases, preference for preserving Einstein’s theory, and mathematical limitations, it contributed to an improved analytical approach and constraint expansion. This paper underscores the benefits and challenges of using GPT-4 in scientific research and highlights the need for caution regarding biases and limitations in large language models. Future research should aim to enhance these models' accuracy, trustworthiness, and objectivity in complex or controversial domains.
Influence of different milk-clotting enzymes on the process of producing semihard cheeses
Authors: Myagkonosov D. S. , Smykov I. T. , Abramov D. V. , Delitskaya I. N. , Ovchinnikova E. G.
Published: April 2023

The effect of milk-clotting enzymes (MCEs) of animal origin (Naturen Extra with a mass fraction of chymosins of 95%, “Bovine Pepsin” with a mass fraction of chymosin of 10%), as well as MCEs of microbial origin (Fromase 750 XLG) and recombinant origin (Chy-max Extra and Chy-max Supreme) on the duration of milk coagulation and processing of cheese curd, as well as on the composition of whey and fresh cheeses in the manufacture of semihard cheeses, at an introduction dose of MCE of 1,500 to 6,000 IMCU per 100 kg of milk. Increasing the MCE dose from 1,500 to 2,000–3,000 IMCU/100 kg of milk leads to a decrease in the coagulation duration by an average of 20 min (p<0.05). A further increase in the MCE dose to 5,000–6,000 IMCU/100 kg of milk does not lead to a reduction in the coagulation duration. With equal introduction doses, MCE brands of Fromase and “Pepsin” show greater losses of fat (by 0.15–0.60%) and dry matter (by 0.30–0.50%) in whey than MCEs of Naturen brands, Chymax Extra and Chy-max Supreme. Cheese variants made using different types and doses of MCEs did not have statistically accurate differences in the content of dry matter, fat, protein, salt and pH (p>0.05). The use of MCEs of Naturen, Chy-max Extra and Chy-max Supreme brands at a dosage of 5,000–6,000 IMCU/100 kg of milk gives an average of 1.5% higher actual cheese yield compared to MCEs of the Fromase and “Pepsin” brands at an introduction dose of 1500 IMCU/100 kg of milk.
Enzymatic proteolysis during the conversion of milk into cheese
Authors: Lepilkina O. V. , Grigorieva A. I.
Published: April 2023

The transformation of milk into cheese occurs under the influence of many physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological processes, among which proteolysis plays a very important role. Proteolysis belongs to the most complex type of irreversible post-translational modification of proteins. Enzymatic proteolysis catalysts at different stages of cheese production are native milk enzymes, exo- and endopeptidases of starter and non-starter microorganisms, and milk-clotting enzymes. The article presents a brief overview of modern ideas about the properties, mechanism of action and specificity of the main representatives of enzymes that hydrolyze milk proteins at the stages of preparing milk for coagulation, during rennet coagulation and subsequent maturation of cheeses. These include the plasmin system of milk, enzymes of psychrotrophic bacteria and lactic acid microorganisms that enter milk both accidentally (non-starter microflora) and planned in the form of starter cultures from specially selected strains. Milk-clotting enzymes, having fulfilled their main function — milk coagulation — partially pass into cheese and, along with enzymes of starter microorganisms and plasmin, participate in proteolytic processes during cheese ripening. It is generally accepted that proteolysis in ripening cheeses is the most significant biochemical process that affects the formation of taste, aroma and texture along with lipolysis and glycolysis. The combination of proteolysis products (peptides, amino acids, amines, etc.) is individual for different types of cheese and varies depending on the technological parameters of production, including the duration of maturation. Proteolysis in cheeses has been studied by many scientists in various aspects. This review supplements the known information with new information, without claiming to be comprehensive.
Employee Participation in Indonesia and Co- determination Concept under German Law
Authors:   International Business Law, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya BSD City Kavling EdutownI.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339, Maria Tamsil Felicia , Prisandani Ulya Yasmine ,   International Business Law, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya BSD City Kavling EdutownI.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama No.1, BSD City, Kec. Pagedangan, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15339
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to provide comparative analysis on Indonesian regulation on employee participation in contrast with Germany’s regulation on co-determination. This paper used normative method with a combination of statute approach and comparative approach. The implementation of labor union and employee stock participation under Indonesian law to guarantee employee participation in the decision making of companies is still ineffective. The concept of direct employee participation under German law should be seen as a feasible means to guarantee employee participation, thus improve Indonesia’s corporate governance. This concept can be implemented in Indonesia through two ways: the amendment of the Company Law or another implementing regulations that provides a more specific guidance to complement the Company Law.
Remediation of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Zn (II) from aqueous solutions using porous (styrene–divinylbenzene)/Cu–Ni bimetallic nanocomposite microspheres: continuous fixed-bed column study
Authors: Thrikkykkal Hridya , Antu Rosmin , P. S. Harikumar
Published: April 2023

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have been used as a new line of defence against heavy metal contamination among several types of nanoparticles (NPs) due to their enhanced, synergistic activity. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behaviour of porous (styrene–divinylbenzene)/CuNi bimetallic nanocomposite (P(St-DVB)/CuNi BNC) in a continuous flow fixed-bed column and its ability to remove Pb (II), Cd (II), and Zn (II) ions from aqueous solutions. We examined how the initial metal concentration, flow rate, and bed height affected the adsorption characteristics. Experimental results confirmed that the adsorption capacity increased with increase in influent metal concentration and bed height and decreased with increase in flow rate. The breakthrough and the column kinetic parameters were successfully predicted with three mathematical models: Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams–Bohart models. Both Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models showed good agreement with the experimental results for all the operating conditions. Successful desorption of heavy metals from the P(St-DVB)/CuNi BNC was performed using 0.5 M NaOH solution, and it showed good reusability of the adsorbent during four adsorption–desorption cycles. The results show that P(St-DVB)/CuNi BNC are effective and low-cost adsorbents, and they can be used in real-time large-scale industrial water treatment processes for the removal of heavy metals.
Conflitos Belicosos e seus Impactos sobre as Expectativas de Desenvolvimento Humano nos RDHs/PNUD/ONU
Authors: Rezende Maria José De
Published: April 2023

Buscar-se-á o significado social e político dos diagnósticos, postos nos Relatórios Globais do Desenvolvimento Humano (RDHs), acerca da impossibilidade de alcançar melhorias (na renda, escolaridade, saúde, moradia adequada, nutrição e participação política) em favor das pessoas mais pobres, sem que sejam desarmados, mais e mais, os conflitos violentos oriundos tanto dos vários tipos de guerras quanto das crises sociais e ambientais. Ao longo de quase três décadas, os formuladores e encampadores desses documentos têm feito prescrições sobre a necessidade de os Estados nacionais e os organismos internacionais se empenharem em combater o acirramento dos conflitos bélicos, os quais possuem, nas suas bases, motivos diversos tais como: crises sociais, políticas e institucionais, crises ambientais e disputas bélicas, territoriais, étnico-raciais e religiosas.
“Guerra às Drogas” e Populismo Autoritário no Sul Global
Authors: Delgado Alves Ygor Diego , Gomes Pereira Pedro Paulo
Published: April 2023

Com este artigo espera-se compreender parte do cenário de fortalecimento das práticas autoritárias e populismo autoritário, no Sul global, decorrente da instrumentalização política da guerra às drogas. Paratanto iremos nos valer de artigos de periódicos científicos, teses, capítulos de livros e documentos que versem sobre os temas da pesquisa. Pudemos verificar a afinidade entre guerra às drogas e autoritarismo;as relações entre tráfico de drogas, violência e milícias no Brasil. Estabelecemos paralelos com os casos filipino e mexicano; e verificamos como a implementação de reformas neoliberais aumentou o tamanhoda indústria de narcóticos e serviu para reprimir a oposição popular. Concluímos que a guerra às drogas contribui para a universalização do neoliberalismo, de práticas autoritárias e discursos populistas reacionários.
Sucessos Escolares Improváveis e Teorias da Ação
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Érick de , Lopes Pinheiro Carlos Henrique
Published: April 2023

Neste artigo, exploramos elementos que potencializam o sucesso escolar nos meios populares por meio da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu e seus estudos sobre educação e reprodução social das desigualdades e a análise dos sucessos escolares pela Sociologia em escala individual de Bernard Lahire. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por sete questionários socioeconômicos e culturais e seis entrevistas individuais em profundidade. Analisamos as trajetórias de escolarização de estudantes negros cotistas e das camadas populares de uma Universidade do interior do Ceará e apontamos a racionalização das rotinas, geridas pela moral familiar que privilegia a formação escolar e a autoridade dos pais e mães; apetência pela leitura e escrita; socialização em atividades artístico-culturais e esportivas; políticas públicas de educação e ações afirmativas; interiorização do ensino superior público; redes afetivas e de incentivo engajado, entre outros.
Ressignificando Bandeiras e Narrativas: política, performance e estética sob a ótica dos movimentos culturais da juventude na cidade de Maceió/AL
Authors: Bittencourt João
Published: April 2023

O artigo busca problematizar os sentidos de “militância” e “engajamento político” articulados por jovens que participam de coletivos e grupos culturais na cidade de Maceió-Alagoas. Partimos da hipótese de que as estratégias de ação política construídas pelos jovens cada vez mais se pautam por aspectos locais e estão conectadas com os desafios enfrentados por esses agentes cotidianamente, o que tem provocado tensões e reconfigurações nas maneiras como se organizam para transformar a realidade social. Os dados que fundamentam esta discussão foram extraídos de três entrevistas e duas incursões etnográficas realizadasno ano de 2018. Se a primeira técnica de coleta permitiu a captura de camadas mais profundas dos sentidos articulados pelos interlocutores, a segunda forneceu elementos para um melhor entendimento das estratégias desenvolvidas pelos coletivos.
Políticas Sexuais, Saúde e Violência em Tempos de Pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Natividade Marcelo Tavares , Alves de Sousa Bruno , Rocha Romulo do Nascimento
Published: April 2023

O artigo aborda a política sexual no Brasil contemporâneo, com foco na saúde sexual e na política direcionada às populações LGBT. Identifica desmontes que ocorreram nos últimos anos ao analisar atos governamentais, linhas de força, conteúdos e mensagens. A pandemia da Covid-19 surge como drama social que evidencia a vulnerabilidade das minorias e a negligência do Estado, articulando marcadores sociais dadiferença e política pública. O artigo problematiza a progressiva moralização da agenda estatal com a ocupação de lugares de poder por atores conservadores e fundamentalistas. Argumenta que mudançasna gestão operam o reforço do preconceito e o apagamento das identidades coletivas, bem como impactam o acesso a serviços e políticas de saúde e proteção social. O texto inova ao oferecer diagnóstico dapolítica pública através de abordagem etnográfica que avalia as ações do Estado e as respostas da sociedade, evidenciando enlaces entre violência, sexualidade e saúde.
É guerra?
Authors: Lemos Duarte Thais , Melo Juliana
Published: April 2023

Com base em decisões em segunda instância emitidas pelo sistema dejustiça do Rio Grande do Norte, o objetivo geral do artigo é discutir asnarrativas judiciais sobre a ação de grupos criminais em cenário potiguar,notadamente sobre o PCC e a respeito do Sindicato do Crime(SDC). Reforçando o processo de construção social do criminoso que,no limite, promove dinâmicas de sujeição criminal, tais relatos tenderama homogeneizar ambos os grupos, como se eles não apresentassemnuances entre si. Somado a isso, as decisões robusteceram a noçãode “guerra” na segurança pública, cujo efeito é impulsionar medidasde restrição do crime, pautadas, sobretudo, pelo encarceramento, bemcomo por visões estigmatizantes a respeito do criminoso.
Entre o 157 e as “Correrias”:
Authors: Silva de Moraes Suiany
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar as modalidades de crime mais encontradas ao longo do território do bairro Benfica, localizado na região central da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. A partir de um relato etnográfico, privilegia-se as narrativas entorno dos seus acontecimentos, focalizando o crime comum patrimonial e as disputas pelos mercados ilícitos da droga. Problematiza a transição de um crime disperso para o crime faccionalizado; de um mercado de drogas fragmentado para um mais concentrado com tentativas de homogeneização. Os dados aqui discutidos são oriundos de pesquisa realizada em parceria com moradores locais do bairro, com o objetivo de conhecer os seus “modos”, seus “corres”, caminhadas, trajetórias de vidas e maneiras de fazer marcadas pelas adversidades das “correrias”.
A Estabilização das Representações Criminais e Psicotrópicas dos Usuários e dos Usos da Maconha no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Ivan F.
Published: April 2023

Este estudo trata do momento em que uma cruzada médica e jurídicano Brasil ganhou foro de política pública e acabou por consolidar noimaginário popular brasileiro a criminalização e a desqualificação dosusuários e dos usos da maconha. Trata-se de um instante no qual açõessistemáticas (cobertura da imprensa, convênios, campanhas, congressos,publicações, etc.) amparam a cruzada moral promovida pelo discursomédico e sanitarista e contribuíram para fixar um conjunto depráticas voltadas para a tentativa de diagnóstico e, subsequentemente,prevenção e erradicação dessa prática. Os resultados da pesquisaindicam que o processo de construção sistemática de um imaginárioque migra o uso da maconha do viés medicinal e farmacológico para ocriminal e toxicológico tem início nas primeiras décadas do século XX.Foi somente a partir das décadas de 1930 e 1940 que as imagens quedesqualificam os usos e usuários da maconha começam a circular pelaimprensa brasileira com mais força e que ações e campanhas promovidaspelo Estado brasileiro transformam essa prática em flagelo social.É a partir daí que tem início uma outra forma de controle, o biopolítico,sobre os elementos pobres e negros da sociedade brasileira.
“Quando a Massa Erra, o Estado Avança”
Authors: Candotti Fabio
Published: April 2023

Em 2017 e 2019 ocorreram dois ‘massacres’ em prisões de Manaus, capital do estado brasileiro do Amazonas. O discurso dominante reduz esses acontecimentos a uma ‘guerra’ entre facções criminosas pelo controle de rotas internacionais de tráfico de drogas. O artigo parte de uma problematização desse discurso (de sua natureza colonial e de seus efeitos de verdade) e esboça uma outra análise que atenta para as correlações entre transformações carcerárias e criminais. O artigo defende a ideia de que uma nova gestão do sofrimento e um novo regime de tortura, experimentados por presos e suas familiares, foram determinantes para a desestabilização e reconfiguração das alianças no crime após os massacres. O texto é fruto de uma experiência de conhecimento imersa na luta anticarcerária, incluindo convivência intensa com familiares de pessoas presas e sobreviventes, comunicações com órgãos de fiscalização e participação em inspeções dentro de unidades prisionais.
Las ciudades olvidadas: Las sociedades originarias de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Ocupación espacial y desarrollo arquitectónico, siglos X al XVI
Authors: Gutiérrez Montoya Nayibe
Published: April 2023

Las ciudades olvidadas: Las sociedades originarias de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Trends of Financing Green Projects of Russian Trade Companies
Authors: Altukhova E. V.
Published: April 2023

The necessity to follow current trends of sustainable development involves more and more participants in the process. Trade companies are an important link in this system of relations. Thus the issues of identifying the key lines of financing green projects in the system of trade enterprise functioning are of great significance. The article shows market mechanisms that ensure implementation of ESG-transformation process in trade. Introduction of  green economy principles requires active involvement of all participants of the system in case their economic interests are coordinated. The author characterized the role of trade intermediaries in the system of ESGtransformation. The need to encourage ecologic policy availability in the company was substantiated, as well as publication of non-finance accounting. The problem of shaping closed-cycle economy is still acute, which is connected with realization of priorities of sustainable development and smoothing green-washing schemes. The article formulated priorities of financing green projects in trade and demonstrated trends of developing the most important components, including introduction of new business-strategy aiming at implementation of ESGprinciples. At the same time the author underlines the necessity to form responsible consumption through intensification of advert campaigns and educational projects, including the sphere of trade enterprise work.
The Algorithm for Substantiating Development of Products of Functional and Specialized Purpose
Authors: Marhunova A. M. , Kandratsenka S. A. , Vislavukhava S. N.
Published: April 2023

In conditions of the current market situation marketing strategy, which covers substantiation, launching the new product to market and its further promotion are as important elements of the efficient enterprise work as product popularization and forming the positive attitude to it on the part of potential audience. Today the topic of healthy life style becomes popular all over the world, one of its component is introduction of functional and specialized foods into the diet. In the Republic of Belarus the demand for such food is also rising. The article provides results of analyzing the overseas experience in promoting foods with innovative composition and puts forward algorithm of marketing substantiation of development of new products of functional and specialized purpose, which was tested by muesli bars as an additional source of food fibre and product without sugar. Practical application of the author’s algorithm, which can be used as an action plan aimed at strategic development of product and includes mechanisms through which advantages of the new product can be brought to customer notice could give an opportunity to attain goals set for the enterprise and identify clearly the outcome of idea realization.
Strategy of Using Emotional Factors of Perception in Managing Product Competitiveness
Authors: Afonsky S. A.
Published: April 2023

The article highlights the role of emotions as an alternative of behavior research that has already been thoroughly studied. Emotion studies in marketing concern emotional status of both customers and sellers and managers. Emotions become apparent in facial expression, in different gestures and body posture. The author raises questions dealing with emotion origin through agitation, their transformation, interaction between positive and negative emotions. Contrary and mutually complementary emotion status as a result of the same agitation was analyzed. The notion of satisfaction as a key emotion after getting or consuming product or service is discussed. The goal of the article is to show the basis of analyzing emotions, their estimation and to demonstrate how emotions function as irritants and what result can be obtained in influencing customers. As a conclusion the author describes prospects of further investigation aimed at studying emotions in marketing.
Case Report: Culture-negative Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Velazquez Ignacio D. , Woo Kenneth K. , Siddiqui Mohammed , Roy Sion K.
Published: April 2023

Background::

Prosthetic valve endocarditis can be difficult to diagnose and cause significant
morbidity and mortality, especially when no culture data are available to guide therapy.
Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms, the studies of choice for initial endocarditis
evaluation, can be less reliable due to artifact and post-surgical changes. Some less common forms
of endocarditis may be difficult to culture and, due to their fastidious nature, may delay the identification
of causative organisms. Given the lack of directed antimicrobial treatment, culturenegative
prosthetic valve endocarditis is specifically difficult. A wide differential diagnosis is critical
to make a timely diagnosis and initiate treatment.

Case Presentation:

We present a case of a patient presenting with dyspnea which was found to
have culture-negative endocarditis requiring mitral and aortic valve replacement that ultimately
was complicated with culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis. Identifying a culprit organism
made appropriate and timely antimicrobial treatment difficult, ultimately resulting in the patient
dying from endocarditis complications.

Conclusion::

A high index of suspicion is needed when managing infective endocarditis, especially
when prosthetic valves are involved. Diagnostic accuracy of cultures and echocardiography may be
reduced when dealing with prosthetic valve endocarditis; thus, alternative methods of diagnosis
may be required to make a timely diagnosis of causative organisms.
Synthesis and in vitro Anti-proliferative Activities on LNCaP, LS180 and MKN45 of
Novel 20(R)-Panaxadiol Derivatives
Authors: Deng Jianqiang , Yang Xinyu , Luan Mingzhu , Liu Shuqi , Zhang Juan , Jiang Sheng , Wang Wenshui , Hou Guige , Meng Qingguo , Wang Hongbo
Published: April 2023

Background:

20(R)-PD, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, is a non-natural saponin present in the form of protopanaxadiol.
Because of its essential biological activities, especially anti-tumor activity, structural modification of 20(R)-PD and
the development of innovative and novel 20(R)-PD derivatives with better anti-tumor activity are increasingly relevant.

Aims:

20(R)-Panaxadiol (20(R)-PD) can inhibit tumor proliferation. Three series of novel 20(R)-PD derivatives were
synthesized by modifying the A-ring.

Objective:

The objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative activities of 20(R)-
PD derivatives in LNCaP, LS180, and MKN45 cancer cells. Structural modifications were performed at the C-3 position
and A-ring.

Methods:

The in vitro anti-proliferative activities of novel derivatives in LNCaP, LS180, and MKN45 cells were evaluated
by the MTT assay. The effects of compounds 5 and C9 on apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry.

Results:

Compounds 5, B2, C2, C4, C7, C8, C9, C10, and C11 exhibited good anti-proliferative activities in LNCaP,
LS180, and MKN45 cells in vitro. The best anti-proliferative activity was observed for the C-series derivatives with the
introduction of amino acids at the C-3 position. C9 exhibited good potent activity with an IC50 of 2.89 μM.

Conclusion:

Compound C9 is a potential candidate with potent anti-proliferative activity.
HPTLC Studies, in silico Docking Studies, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Elaeocarpus ganitrus as a Gastroprotective Agent
Authors: Sharma Anuj Kumar , Chaudhary Rajaneesh Kumar , Singh Swetza , Ved Akash , Shukla Karuna Shanker , Singh Anita , Singh Manjul Pratap , Kulshreshtha Mayank
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Elaeocarpus ganitrus, a member of the Eleocarpaceae family, is valued in Hinduism and Ayurveda, and is frequently used as a remedy for a variety of illnesses. The plant is reputed to treat a number of stomach issues. The purpose of the study was to produce high-quality scientific data regarding gastroprotective behavior, docking experiments with cholinergic receptors, and HPTLC (with lupeol and ursolic acid). To develop the mechanism of herbal extracts, in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities were evaluated. Different leaf extracts were treated with various reagents to determine the presence of various metabolites. An examination of the histopathology was conducted to determine the full impact of the extract.

Methods:

Methanolic extract was chosen for HPTLC investigations after extraction with various solvents. A mobile phase of toluene, ethylacetate, and formic acid (8:2:0.1) was chosen. Molecular docking was utilized to examine how ursolic acid and lupeol are bound to cholinergic receptors (M3). Different extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were tested for their ability to provide gastroprotection in Wistar rats at different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg).

Results:

Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolites. HPTLC data showed the presence of both standards. Docking studies exhibited very good interactions with the M3 receptor. Pharmacological studies revealed that extract-treated groups significantly reduced the ulcer index in all of the models mentioned above. The histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies, which were conducted utilizing various doses and found to be effective in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro analysis proved that the abovementioned extracts may act as antagonists of acetylcholine and histamine.

Conclusion:

The data obtained would be valuable for the production of the monograph of the plant and conducting concept-related clinical studies in the future. More investigation is required since the gathered scientific data may lead to new research opportunities.
Effect of reduction ratio in flow forming process on microstructure and mechanical properties of a 6082 Al alloy
Authors: MUTLU M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Flow forming is a cold deformation process in which hollow cylindrical or conical parts with different geometric configurations are produced using tools such as balls, rollers, or flow forming wheels on specialized mandrels. Because it enables the production of parts without any further modifications or with minimal modifications before their use in service, the process is categorized as an NSF technology (net-shape forming), and therefore the flow formed parts can be considered as a final product. The aim of this study is to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of a flow formed 6082 Al alloy, which was initially in W-temper condition. Hollow cylindrical preforms were first manufactured by machining, and subsequently solution heat treated and quenched. Then, the parts were flow formed with 3 different reduction ratios (45%, 55% and 65%) prior to aging at 177 °C for 8 h to achieve T8 temper condition. Microstructures of the flow formed parts were examined by an optical microscope, and hardness and tensile tests were conducted. The results revealed that increasing reduction ratio slightly decreases hardness and strength with almost constant ductility.
Forming process optimisation for variable geometries by machine learning – Convergence analysis and assessment
Authors: ZIMMERLING C.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. For optimum operation, modern production systems require a careful adjustment of the employed manufacturing processes. Physics-based process simulations can effectively support this process optimisation; however, their considerable computation times are often a significant barrier. One option to reduce the computational load is surrogate-based optimisation (SBO). Although SBO generally helps improve convergence, it can turn out unwieldy when the optimisation task varies, e.g. due to frequent component adaptations for customisation. In order to solve such variable optimisation tasks, this work studies how recent advances in machine learning (ML) can enhance and extend current surrogate capabilities. More specifically, an ML-algorithm interacts with generic samples of component geometries in a forming simulation environment and learns to optimise a forming process for variable geometries. The considered example of this work is blank holder optimisation in textile forming. After training, the algorithm is able to give useful recommendations even for new, non-generic geometries. While the prior work considered initial recommendations only, this work studies the convergence behaviour upon component-specific algorithm refinement (optimisation) at the example of two geometries. The convergence of the new pre-trained ML-approach is compared to classical SBO and a genetic algorithm (GA). The results show that initial recommendations indeed converge to the process optimum and that the speed of convergence outperforms the GA and compares roughly to SBO. It is concluded that – once pretrained –the new ML-approach is more efficient on variable optimisation tasks than classical SBO.
Optical absorption and conduction of copper carbon nanotube composite for additive manufacturing
Authors: AYUB H.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The applications of nanotechnology are growing widely as nanoscale structures provide unique properties such as high surface area unique plasmonic response and excellent conductivity that can be utilized for a wide range of applications. Optical absorption expansion of copper using carbon nanotube composite is one of the applications of nanotechnology for additive manufacturing of metals, particularly copper. Cu-CNTs mixtures at different percentage concentrations will be prepared via Resodyn, an acoustic mixer machine. Pure copper powder will be used with a spherical powder shape. The evaluation of the samples will be performed via spectroscopy to determine the reflection and thermal absorption of the light by the Cu-CNTs composition. The enhancement in the thermal absorption of Cu powder via additions of CNTs leads to the improvement in the bonding of particles by absorbing laser power. Due to the lower thermal expansion coefficient, sintering is possible at lower laser powers < 40%.
Orthogonal cutting with additively manufactured grooving inserts made from HS6-5-3-8 high-speed steel
Authors: KELLIGER T.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) of cutting materials such as high-speed steel (HSS) is very challenging. So far, the impact of the layer-by-layer manufacturing technique onto the AM tool performance during machining is widely unknown. In this study, the performance characteristics of AM grooving inserts manufactured from HS6-5-3-8 (ASP 2030) in AM Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process were investigated in fundamental cutting experiments. Six different workpiece materials were analyzed and two different parameter sets for the LPBF process investigated. All AM grooving inserts withstood the thermal and mechanical stresses during machining of the investigated materials. Based on these results, AM threading tools manufactured from HS6-5-3-8 will be investigated in a next step, using the geometrical freedom of the AM process for an adapted channel and outlet nozzle design of the internal cutting fluid supply.
Additive manufacturing of cermet produced by laser powder bed fusion using alternative Ni binder
Authors: PAPY K.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Cermets are composite materials made of a ceramic reinforcement and a metal matrix, generally cobalt as binder, with mass content from 6 to 20 wt.%. Cermets are produced by conventional sintering process and are known for their high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, and high melting temperature. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology widely applied for direct fabrication of functional metallic parts with complex geometry such as internal channels or lattices structures. Considering several studies, production of cermets by L-PBF process is challenging. Recent publications have demonstrated the feasibility to produce WC-Co parts by L-PBF combined with Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) heat-treatment. HIP process is sometimes additionally performed as post-treatment to remove defects. HIP is performed at high temperatures and isostatic pressures in a furnace [1]. In this study, following an experimental design a parametric optimization was conducted in order to maximize the mass density of WC-17Ni. Process parameters were compared to those used for WC-17Co parts from recent study [2]. To improve the printed specimen integrity, the as-built samples were heat-treated. As-built and HIP samples were analyzed and compared in terms of mass density, microstructure, crystallographic phases, and macro hardness.
Calibration of thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model under biaxial loadings: A Feasibility Study
Authors: WANG Z.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. In this study, an inverse identification strategy based on the finite element model updating (FEMU) method is proposed to calibrate the parameters of a temperature and strain rate dependent constitutive model. The mechanical responses of a dedicated cruciform specimen with heterogeneous temperature field under biaxial loading are employed to supply information to the inverse scheme. A combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and SIMPLEX optimization algorithm is employed to find the optimal values of the material parameters. In order to validate the proposed identification strategy, a virtual experiment is designed and performed with a reference material constitutive model. The proposed strategy is proved to be feasible as all seven parameters of the constitutive model are accurately identified. In addition, the influences of measurement noise of force, temperature, and strain data are analyzed by means of a sensitivity study. The experimental data after the localized necking should be avoided for parameter identification. The proposed inverse identification strategy shows good robustness to strain noise.
Micro-mechanical study of damage evolution in isotropic metallic materials
Authors: KNAAK K.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Virtual tests enable the expansion of the knowledge base accessible by direct experimentation. In particular, the role of microstructure on damage can be investigated using unit-cell models for porous materials. Additionally, it is of great interest to assess the role of the loading history on the response. In this paper, we present a dedicated user-defined element (U.E.L.) that was developed and implemented in the finite element (F.E.) code, ABAQUS. Verification of the capabilities of the U.E.L. is provided. The simulation results presented provide insights into the effect of J3 on the mechanical response and porosity evolution.
Estimation of rolling process variation by usage of a Monte-Carlo method
Authors: WEINER M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Rolling simulation, especially for groove rolling, is heavily dominated by use of finite element methods, but simulating a full pass sequence often takes several hours. Simpler models offer high-speed simulation within seconds at the expense of resolution and accuracy. In mechanical engineering, Monte-Carlo approaches are well known for analysis of fabrication tolerances in component assembly. By usage of fast simulation cores, this technique becomes available for analysis of process variations in groove rolling, since computational costs are crucial due to the need of hundreds or thousands of simulation runs. Rolling process variations can be classified in two groups: first, variations of the input material, such as actual dimensions, temperature and microstructure state; second variations occurring during processing, such as transport times, environment temperature and tool wear. The regarded process was the operation of the experimental semi-continuous rolling plant at the Institute of Metal Forming (IMF). Simulations were carried out by use of the open source rolling framework PyRolL, developed at IMF. The main part of process parameters was considered as constant, but some were described as a statistical distribution. For each simulation run a set of actual sample values of the distributed parameters was drawn using a random number generator. Selected result values were described by use of statistical methods to analyze the variational behavior of the process in behalf of the two variation classes.
Effect of energy director thickness on thermal diffusion and joint quality during ultrasonic welding of CF/PEEK composites
Authors: KORYCKI A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Thermoplastic composites offer new possibilities for the aerospace industry. Large and thin structural parts can be processed rapidly and more cost-effectively than thermoset composites since the latter need to undergo lengthy curing reactions. An additional advantage is the possibility of being assembled by welding processes. However, joining thermoplastic composites remains challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the impact of process parameters (time, pressure, temperature) on the welded joints. A polymer film named energy director (ED) is usually set up at the interface to enhance the weld resistance. A combined experimental-numerical approach was carried out to estimate the influence of ED thickness on the thermal diffusion within the assemblies and the mechanical resistance of welds in the ultrasonic welding (USW) process. The studied materials are unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) and 50 µm and 250 µm polyetherimide (PEI) films as ED. Thermocouples (TCs) are inserted into the PEI layer to measure the temperature evolution during USW. Besides, the thermal profile is obtained based on the simulation of conduction phenomena through the thickness of the material using the finite element method (FEM). The effect of the ED through-thickness model points out the evolution of the temperature profile with time during the USW process for different PEI thicknesses. For both ED thicknesses, the temperature reached is above the PEI glass transition (220 °C) allowing macromolecular interdiffusion. According to our results, only the first ply reaches the melting temperature of PEEK, showing that the composite parts are not thermally affected during USW. Because of the high conductivity of unidirectional CF/PEEK composites, a thinner ED leads to a too-short heating time at the interface. Associated with too high power in a short time, a lower weld resistance of APC-2 parts is obtained by single lap shear for 50 µm PEI layer, 12 MPa, compared to 43 MPa obtained for 250 µm. A higher PEI thickness at the interface slows down the cooling step, resulting in a deeper interdiffusion of PEI and so, a stronger weld.
Laser transmission welding of PEKK: Influence of material properties and process parameters on the weld strength
Authors: MATUS AGUIRRE M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Laser transmission welding (LTW) is a suitable process for assembling thermoplastic materials. This joining process is use to assembly most thermoplastics, but high-performance thermoplastics, such as polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), have received less attention until now. The present work deals with joining PEKK parts by LTW in amorphous over semi-crystalline state configuration. The optical properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline states were measured. The effect of the upper part thickness (2 or 4 mm) and those of the laser power reaching the interface was assessed through the determination of the heat affected zone (HAZ) dimensions and the mechanical resistance of the bonds. Single lap shear (SLS) tests were conducted to investigate the influence of the process parameters on the interfacial strength and to validate the weld quality. The highest LSS is obtained around 60 MPa. When increasing the laser power, the dimensions of the HAZ increase, and the mechanical strength decreases.
Influence of roughness in ultrasonic welding of carbon fiber/PEEK composites
Authors: CARASSUS F.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. In this work on ultrasonic welding of CF/PEEK composites, it was established that the surface roughness of the substrates has an influence on the interfacial strength of a joint. The joint resistance is lower when the roughness increases. Interestingly, a new characteristic time was found, named the healing plateau time (tHP), which is determined by the displacement versus time curves during ultrasonic welding. This time seems to be related to the shear strength of the joint. This is a major finding, because it appears as a non-destructive way of predicting the quality of welds. Besides, DNS test on CF/PEEK unidirectional composite pointed out 40% higher shear strength compared with SLS, performed on CF/PEEK substrates assembled with a 250 µm PEI integrated energy director. Ultrasonic welding was optimized to reach a performance close to the shear strength of bulk.
Thermal and mechanical properties of Fdmed biocomposites in polylactic acid and food flour waste
Authors: PAPA I.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. In the last few years, fused deposition modelling (FDM) has been explored as an innovative technology for processing thermoplastic green composite materials. However, not all FDM filaments are ecologically beneficial due to their release of toxic compounds during printing. Moreover, they have a dangerous environmental impact, as they are obtained from petroleum. The researches on biofilament manufacturing for FDM are of great interest, thus attracting a lot of attention. The low cost of such filaments could help minimize the use of petroleum-based plastics. In this frame, this work deals with a 3d printer PLA filament neat and additive by food flour waste percentage was created. The innovative filament was analyzed by calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis, and its printability was evaluated by manufacturing specimens of suitable dimensions for flexural tests. The mechanical tests were carried out to assess the use of the innovative 3d printed biocomposite in place of traditional plastics in packaging or to make films for food use.
Conception of a multivariable product property control for punch-hole-rolling
Authors: SPIES D.
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Process controls are getting increasingly more common in forming. Nevertheless, they are not suitable to achieve consistent quality when dealing with varying process disturbances. Differing properties of the raw material and other external influences like temperature variations and vibrations make it hard to achieve the tightly specified tolerances needed in today’s production environment. Product property controls represent a solution for these difficulties and create the opportunity to integrate additional functionality into the product and the process. In this project, the implementation of a multivariable product property control is investigated using the example of a recently developed process, called punch-hole-rolling. It is targeted to control product properties such as the collar height and the hardness on the inner surface. It has been shown in previous publications that it is possible to control the collar height in 1.0338 by carefully choosing suitable process parameters. In recent works the possibility was presented to control the hardness by changing the same parameters, using the TRIP steel 1.4301. The publication at hand aims at proving the feasibility of the multivariable product property control by reviewing the previous results for 1.4301 and proving that it is possible to control the collar height and the hardness on the inside of the collar simultaneously. Further, a concept is presented for the implementation of such a control.