bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Flare Forecasting Methods. IV. Evaluating Consecutive-day Forecasting Patterns
Authors: Park Sung-Hong , Leka K. D. , Kusano Kanya , Andries Jesse , Barnes Graham , Bingham Suzy , Bloomfield D. Shaun , McCloskey Aoife E. , Delouille Veronique , Falconer David , Gallagher Peter T. , Georgoulis Manolis K. , Kubo Yuki , Lee Kangjin , Lee Sangwoo , Lobzin Vasily , Mun JunChul , Murray Sophie A. , Hamad Nageem Tarek A. M. , Qahwaji Rami , Sharpe Michael , Steenburgh R. A. , Steward Graham , Terkildsen Michael
Published: February 2020

A crucial challenge to successful flare prediction is forecasting periods that transition between “flare-quiet” and “flare-active.” Building on earlier studies in this series in which we describe the methodology, details, and results of flare forecasting comparison efforts, we focus here on patterns of forecast outcomes (success and failure) over multiday periods. A novel analysis is developed to evaluate forecasting success in the context of catching the first event of flare-active periods and, conversely, correctly predicting declining flare activity. We demonstrate these evaluation methods graphically and quantitatively as they provide both quick comparative evaluations and options for detailed analysis. For the testing interval 2016–2017, we determine the relative frequency distribution of two-day dichotomous forecast outcomes for three different event histories (i.e., event/event, no-event/event, and event/no-event) and use it to highlight performance differences between forecasting methods. A trend is identified across all forecasting methods that a high/low forecast probability on day 1 remains high/low on day 2, even though flaring activity is transitioning. For M-class and larger flares, we find that explicitly including persistence or prior flare history in computing forecasts helps to improve overall forecast performance. It is also found that using magnetic/modern data leads to improvement in catching the first-event/first-no-event transitions. Finally, 15% of major (i.e., M-class or above) flare days over the testing interval were effectively missed due to a lack of observations from instruments away from the Earth–Sun line.
Analysis of Multi-hour Continuous Observations of Seven Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Shapiro-Albert B. J. , McLaughlin M. A. , Lam M. T. , Cordes J. M. , Swiggum J. K.
Published: February 2020

Precision pulsar timing can be used for a variety of astrophysical tests, from the detection of gravitational waves to probing the properties of the interstellar medium. Here we analyze various noise contributions to pulsar timing residuals from continuous multi-hour observations of seven millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We present scintillation bandwidth measurements for all MSPs in the sample, some for the first time. We also present scintillation timescale measurements and lower limits for all MSPs for the first time. In addition, we present upper limits on the contribution of pulse phase jitter to the timing residual error for all MSPs. These long observations also allow us to constrain variations in dispersion measures (DMs) on hour-long timescales for several millisecond pulsars. We find that there are no apparent DM variations in any of the MSPs studied on these timescales, as expected. In light of new radio telescopes, such as the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, which will be able to time many pulsars for a short time each day, we search for differences in timing precisions from continuous pulse times of arrival (TOAs) and from equivalent length time-discontinuous TOAs. We find no differences in the precision for any of the MSPs in our sample, as expected. We conclude that the TOA variations are consistent with the expected breakdown into template-fitting, jitter, and scintillation errors.
Trojans in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: D’Onghia Elena , L. Aguerri J. Alfonso
Published: February 2020

About 20% of stars in the solar vicinity are in the Hercules stream, a bundle of stars that move together with a velocity distinct from the Sun. Its origin is still uncertain. Here, we explore the possibility that Hercules is made of trojans, stars captured at L4, one of the Lagrangian points of the stellar bar. Using GALAKOS–a high-resolution N-body simulation of the Galactic disk–we follow the motions of stars in the corotating frame of the bar and confirm previous studies on Hercules being formed by stars in corotation resonance with the bar. Unlike previous work, we demonstrate that the retrograde nature of trojan orbits causes the asymmetry in the radial velocity distribution, typical of Hercules in the solar vicinity. We show that trojans remain at capture for only a finite amount of time, before escaping L4 without being captured again. We anticipate that in the kinematic plane the Hercules stream will depopulate along the bar’s major axis and be visible at azimuthal angles behind the solar vicinity with a peak toward L4. This test can exclude the outer Lindblad resonance origin of the Hercules stream and be validated by Gaia DR3 and DR4.
Comprehensive approaches reveal three cryptic species of genus Nidirana (Anura, Ranidae) from China
Authors: Lyu Zhi-Tong , Dai Ke-Yuan , Li Yao , Wan Han , Liu Zhe-Yi , Qi Shuo , Lin Si-Min , Wang Jian , Li Yu-Long , Zeng Yang-Jin , Li Pi-Peng , Pang Hong , Wang Ying-Yong
Published: February 2020

Three cryptic species, which were previously reported as Nidirana adenopleura, are revealed on the basis of comprehensive approaches. Nidirana guangdongensis Lyu, Wan, and YY Wang, sp. nov. is distributed in Nanling Mountains and southern Luoxiao Mountains, Nidirana mangveni Lyu, Qi, and YY Wang, sp. nov. is known from northern Zhejiang, and Nidirana xiangica Lyu and YY Wang, sp. nov. occurs in Xiangjiang River Basin, while the true Nidirana adenopleura is designated from Taiwan Island, northern Fujian, southern Zhejiang, and central Jiangxi. These three new species can be distinguished from all congeners by significant divergences in the mitochondrial 16S and CO1 genes, differences in advertisement calls, and the combination of multiple characteristics. This work indicates that the current records of Nidirana adenopleura should be of a species complex composed of multiple species and have clarified the true identity of N. adenopleura.
L’évaluation dans la thérapie centrée sur la personne
Authors: Wilkins Paul , Gill Martin , Berthoud Laurent
Published: February 2020

Cet article examine la littérature traitant de l’évaluation des clients et de sa compatibilité avec la thérapie centrée sur la personne ainsi que de la relation entre l’évaluation et le diagnostic. Il décrit ensuite une petite étude qualitative comparant la pensée des thérapeutes centrés sur la personne et celle des thérapeutes psychodynamiques sur l’évaluation, et propose une théorie formative centrée sur la personne relative à l’évaluation du client.
Un temple trop beau pour être vrai ? retour sur le « temple A » de Prinias (Crète)
Authors: Lamaze Jérémy
Published: February 2020

En 1907, les fouilles menées par Luigi Pernier à Prinias en Crète ont mis au jour deux bâtiments côte à côte dotés d’un foyer central. Ces édifices ont aussitôt été identifiés comme des temples. Mais alors que cette fonction a été abandonnée depuis pour le « Temple B », le « Temple A » reste considéré comme porteur du plus ancien témoignage de sculpture architecturale d’un temple grec, bien qu’en dehors du système des ordres. Les recherches récentes à Prinias appellent un réexamen critique de ce dossier. L’article revient sur les critères d’identification d’un temple grec, plus complexes en Crète qu’ailleurs, avant de réétudier l’édifice de Prinias dans son contexte archéologique, en croisant les données architecturales, artefactuelles, iconographiques et ostéologiques afin d’en proposer une nouvelle interprétation.
Some Aspects of the Urbanistic Development in Limyra in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Periods
Authors: Seyer Martin
Published: February 2020

Comme plusieurs autres cités d’Asie Mineure, l’agglomération tardo‑classique de Limyra, en Lycie orientale, fut agrandie au début de l’époque hellénistique. Les fouilles archéologiques et les prospections géophysiques ont montré que la disposition des nouveaux quartiers suivait une orientation uniforme, à peu près NO‑SE, très probablement liée à un réseau viaire orthogonal. Pendant longtemps, cette orientation fut globalement appliquée dans l’urbanisme de Limyra, comme l’attestent la plupart des principaux édifices d’époque impériale. Malgré cela, le plan urbain révèle que plusieurs rues et bâtiments importants ne respectaient pas ce schéma mais suivaient un plan irrégulier – conséquence évidente d’une modification plus tardive. Cet article pose la question des raisons possibles pour cette importante altération du plan urbanistique.
Entre idéaux familiaux et sirènes du djihad
Authors: Darchis Élisabeth
Published: February 2020

La violence de certaines séances en thérapie familiale peut déstabiliser les propres normes du psychanalyste. L’auteur évoque notamment une séance sur la radicalisation d’un jeune qui pourra être comprise comme la mobilisation d’un idéal destiné à lutter contre des normes familiales tyranniques. L’histoire familiale et ses traumas non élaborés nous éclairent sur les organisations défensives de la famille. La capacité de contenance du thérapeute ouvre la possibilité d’une évolution du processus psychique.
L’être père : de la norme et de l’organisation du sexuel infantile familial
Authors: Le Clef Bruno
Published: February 2020

L’auteur prolonge la communication d’E. Filidori « Paternités affiliatives ». Il interroge l’existence d’un agrément pour être père et questionne le désir d’enfant à travers la transmission du sexuel infantile d’origine parentale. À cet égard, il revisite les théories de la séduction généralisée de J. Laplanche, celles du système narcissique et de l’étayage de Freud. Un récit autobiographique sert de support afin d’aborder différentes facettes du conflit ambivalentiel familial. Enfin, dans quelle mesure la paternité affiliative est-elle une traduction d’une organisation familiale et sociale face à la transmission énigmatique du sexuel infantile inconscient parental ?
De l’interdit de savoir à l’interdit d’être
Authors: Metidji Safia , Caron Rosa
Published: February 2020

Cet article porte sur le silence qui recouvre l’histoire personnelle et familiale des parents en contexte de guerre et d’exil. D’un côté, le traumatisme de guerre confronte le sujet à la violence et à la sidération, propre à l’impensable et de l’autre, l’exil qui fait suite, prend la forme d’une épreuve douloureuse qui engage une coupure d’avec les origines. Ce contexte offrirait un terrain propice au défaut de transmission symbolique entre générations. Afin d’approcher la nature de ce qui est marqué du sceau de l’interdit de savoir et de penser dans la transmission, les auteurs vont, sur la base de quatre cas de descendants d’exilés, nés en France pendant ou à la fin de la guerre d’Algérie, illustrer les formes de perception chez l’enfant face au silence des parents, ainsi que les effets psychiques pathologiques de la confrontation au non-sens de l’histoire. La question est de savoir de quelle façon la transmission symbolique échoue et quels enjeux relationnels cela implique dans le rapport aux figures parentales.
Le « Bayān », ou le visible et l’invisible : lecture sémiotique de la « spectralité » dans la culture arabo-musulmane classique
Authors: Khedher Adel
Published: February 2020

Au centre de la théorie de la signification de l’ancienne rhétorique arabe et de ses sciences annexes, le « Bayān » est le pont qui assure la liaison entre les mots «  al-ᵓAlfaḍ  » et leurs sens «  al-Maᶜānī  ». Le « Bayān » permet donc le passage de l’invisible au visible. Il donne au sens sa visibilité et, par ailleurs, sa lisibilité au moyen de l’interprétation. L’action de savoir, dans cet univers cognitif est gouvernée par un voir au delà de ce qui se présente à la vue. De l’« agir interprétatif » se dégage ainsi le contour d’une sémiotique spectrale qui détecte les marques d’un habitus permettant aux acteurs sociaux d’une culture de tisser les bases d’une sémiotisation du vu et du non vu, du visible et de l’invisible. C’est par conséquent dans l’optique d’une réflexion autour des grands thèmes de la pansémiotique arabe et de son fonctionnement que nous nous inscrivons.
Rebranding Soft Power : Assessing Obama’s Smart Power Strategies
Authors: Quessard Maud
Published: February 2020

Pour faire face aux défis du vingt-et-unième siècle (guerres hybrides et compétition de puissances), et restaurer l’image du leadership américain après des années de guerres lointaines, la diplomatie publique ( Public Diplomacy ) de l’ère Obama a fait l’objet de transformations significatives. Contribuant à la modernisation et au renforcement des outils du soft power gouvernemental, amorcés à la fin de l’ère Bush, cette « nouvelle diplomatie publique » est élaborée par le département d’État dirigé par Hillary Clinton qui impose sa propre marque, « L’État du vingt-et-unième siècle ». Celle-ci participe du rééquilibrage entre les outils du hard et du soft power et privilégie les stratégies d’ engagement , en faisant de la connectivité un atout. Associant le secteur privé, la société civile et les grandes entreprises, le smart power de l’ère numérique tente de s’adapter aux menaces protéiformes du vingt-et-unième siècle et de favoriser une hégémonie plus discrète des États-Unis. À l’heure de la gouvernance globale, il s’agit de convaincre et de fédérer les acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques (grandes entreprises, ONG ou simples citoyens) qui complexifient les enjeux diplomatiques et utilisent d’autres voies que celles du protocole pour servir leurs intérêts. Mais dès la fin du premier mandat, ces stratégies d’ engagement se heurtent à la réalité des conflits en Afrique (Libye) et en Syrie, à la réémergence de la compétition de puissance après 2014, et aux actes terroristes qui visent à nouveau les États-Unis ; en réponse, le retour à la militarisation des outils de la politique étrangère du second mandat d’Obama ne laisse que peu d’alternative à une nouvelle phase de déclin du soft power américain.
Partie II. France : passe en avant
Authors: Département analyse et prévision  , Heyer Éric , Timbeau Xavier
Published: February 2020

Succédant à une année de croissance forte (2,4 % en 2017), l’année 2018 a été marquée par un franc ralentissement de l’économie française (1,7 %). Celle-ci fut affectée par un calendrier fiscal défavorable, une nette dégradation de l’environnement extérieur et des mouvements sociaux intenses. La croissance française, en glissement annuel, est ainsi passée en l’espace d’un an de 3 % à la fin 2017 à 1,2 % fin 2018. Malgré le ralentissement de l’économie de nos principaux partenaires commerciaux, Allemagne en tête, l’activité française résisterait en 2019 (1,3 %), stimulée par les mesures fiscales à destination des ménages et affichant pour la première fois depuis six ans une croissance supérieure à la moyenne de la zone euro. La France deviendrait ainsi le principal contributeur à la croissance européenne en 2019. Ce passage en avant va de pair avec une faute au regard du Pacte de stabilité et de croissance, celle d’un effort de réduction du déficit structurel presque nul en 2019. En 2020, tirée par une demande interne relativement dynamique grâce à une politique budgétaire en soutien, l’économie française maintiendrait un rythme de croissance de 1,3 %. En 2021, la croissance française devrait revenir à son rythme potentiel de 1,2 %. En 2019, soutenue par les mesures socio-fiscales (12 milliards, soit 0,9 point de RDB), le pouvoir d’achat des ménages augmenterait fortement (+2,4 %), sa plus forte hausse depuis 2007. Cette nette amélioration du pouvoir d’achat n’a pas eu pour le moment les effets escomptés sur la consommation des ménages du fait d’une hausse du taux d’épargne qui s’apparente à une épargne de précaution autre que celle liée au chômage. Le taux de chômage passerait de 8,5 % actuellement à 8,3 % fin 2019, 8,2 % fin 2020 et 8,0 % fin 2021. Malgré la baisse du déficit public à 2,3 % du PIB en 2020 (après 3,1 % en 2019) et 2 % en 2020, la trajectoire économique française se ferait au détriment du respect des règles budgétaires du Pacte de stabilité et de croissance, avec une réduction du déficit public structurel rapporté au PIB inférieure aux préconisations des traités européens. La dette publique, quant à elle, serait de 98,9 % du PIB en 2019 et 2020 (après 98,4 % en 2018), avant d’amorcer un début de réduction en 2021, année où elle atteindrait 98,5 % du PIB.
Taux d’intérêt durablement bas et orientation de la politique budgétaire
Authors: Ducoudré Bruno , Sampognaro Raul , Timbeau Xavier
Published: February 2020

Dans les économies avancées les taux d’intérêts des actifs sans risque s’établissent à des niveaux historiquement bas et atteignent même des valeurs négatives dans certains pays. La faiblesse de l’inflation explique en partie cette tendance, en particulier depuis le déclenchement de la crise financière globale de 2008. Toutefois, une fois déduite l’inflation, les taux d’intérêt réels sont très faibles. Les causes structurelles de la faiblesse des taux (démographie, montée des inégalités) laissent augurer que la normalisation des taux sans risque ne se fera pas à courte échéance. D’après nos simulations, réalisées à l’aide du modèle iAGS, un scénario de taux durablement bas peut libérer un espace fiscal conséquent allant de 2 points de PIB en Irlande et jusqu’à 10 points en Italie, à condition que les taux restent bas pendant une décennie. La pertinence de l’utilisation de cet espace fiscal dépend en large mesure de l’analyse économique de la situation économique. Si la faiblesse des taux résulte d’une évolution pérenne des conditions d’offre (stagnation séculaire à la Gordon) alors les marges de manœuvre ne sont qu’apparentes et en fait masquent l’affaiblissement permanent de la croissance potentielle. En revanche, si la faiblesse durable des taux d’intérêt résulte plutôt d’une stagnation séculaire à la Summers – c’est-à-dire d’un déplacement du taux d’épargne et du taux d’investissement ex ante des acteurs privés – alors la mobilisation du déficit public pour modifier l’équilibre macroéconomique entre épargne et investissement permettra de sortir les économies de l’équilibre de sous-emploi des facteurs de production.
Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: useful for athletes and active individuals? A systematic review
Authors: Calero C.D. Quero , Rincón E. Ortega , Marqueta P. Manonelles
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this review was to synthesise available knowledge on the main health effects associated with the use of probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics in athletes and active individuals, including their effects on the immune system, oxidative stress, the gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, as well as other possible clinical outcomes. A systematic and comprehensive search in electronic databases, including Web of Science (WOS, Scielo), PubMed-MEDLINE, Biblioteca virtual de la Salud (LILACS, IBECS), EBSCO (Academic Search Complete CINAHL; SPORTDiscus) and Cochrane Library, focused on generic articles about probiotics, prebiotics and/or synbiotics and their functionality and effects on human health. The search process was completed using the keywords: ‘probiotics’, ‘prebiotics’, ‘synbiotics’, ‘athletes’ and ‘health’. The only exclusion criterion was experimental studies with animals. A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The vast majority were experimental studies about probiotics and health effects (n=28), while only a few demonstrated the results of consuming prebiotics and/or synbiotics (n=3) in athletes and active individuals. Although most of the studies reported positive health effects in athletes and active individuals, there is still no substantial scientific evidence to suggest that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics play an important role in improving an athlete´s performance. These studies are currently limited in number and quality, hence it is necessary to improve the selection of functional biomarkers and methodological approaches, as well as determining the specific nutritional supplement and exercise doses.
Ograje v urbani podobi Slovenije // Fences in the Slovenian urban landscape
Authors: Kušar Domen , Komac Blaž
Published: February 2020

Potreba po ločitvi med zemljišči in zagotavljanju varnosti se je pojavila zgodaj v zgodovini. Ograje kot rezultat tega procesa predstavljajo del arhitekturne in pokrajinske podobe podeželskega in urbanega prostora. S spreminjanjem pojmovanja varnosti so se spreminjali tudi oblika, material in funkcija ograj. Vsa ta različnost se odseva v podobi prostora, ki ga oplemeniti ali pa razvrednoti, ne glede na to, da imamo ograje večkrat le za manj pomemben del oblikovanja prostora oziroma so v ospredju tehnične lastnosti. Področje oblikovanja ograj bolj ali manj spretno urejajo prostorski akti lokalnih skupnosti. Stanje na terenu pa je različno. V članku predstavljamo model vrednotenja ograj, s katerim želimo bralce bolje seznaniti s to problematiko, obenem pa pomagati odgovornim deležnikom pri sprejemanju prostorskih aktov in projektantom ter izvajalcem pri graditvi, z namenom doseganja kakovostno oblikovanega bivalnega prostora. //
 
The need to separate land lots and provide security for people and property arose early in history. Fences, as a result of this process, are an element of the architectural and landscape image in both rural and urban spaces. The evolution of the concept of security has been followed by the changes in the design, materials and functions of the fences and walls. All this variety is reflected in the image of the urban space, enhancing or reducing its value. The field of fence design is regulated, with more or less finesse, by spatial acts of local authorities. Fence, in practice, outcomes vary. In the scope of the research study, we undertook to develop a model to evaluate fences. With this model, we aim to acquaint the readers with the topic, assist the responsible stakeholders in their adoption of spatial development acts, as well as designers and contractors in their construction, with a view to achieving high quality design of the residential environment.
Primerjalna analiza učinkov druženja in sodelovanja v prostovoljnih gasilskih društvih na primerih podeželskih skupnosti z Gorenjske in Sauerlanda
Authors: Logar Erik
Published: February 2020

V prostovoljnih gasilskih društvih se prepoznava formalizirano in na podlagi pokrajinskih značilnosti tehnično opremljeno medsebojno pomoč podeželske skupnosti ob nesrečah. V prispevku se z vidika teoretskega koncepta socialnega kapitala na primerjalni način analizira učinke prostovoljnih gasilskih društev v podeželskih skupnostih z Gorenjske (Slovenija) in Sauerlanda (Nemčija). Učinki prostovoljnih gasilskih društev so preučevani s kombinacijo kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih metod. Rezultati kažejo, da je učinek zagotavljanja varnosti in organizirane pomoči odvisen od prostorskega položaja prostovoljnih gasilcev ob nesreči. Med primeri prostovoljnih gasilskih društev iz obeh držav se v mreži društev v podeželski skupnosti kažejo razlike glede zavzetosti članov in sodelovanja z drugimi društvi. //
 
Comparative analysis of volunteer firefighters’ associations impacts of socialising and cooperation in rural communities of Gorenjska and Sauerland
Volunteer firefighters’ associations are identified as formalised form of communal work in rural communities in case of emergency, which is shaped by features of surrounding landscape. This article focuses on analysis of impacts of volunteer firefighters’ associations in rural communities from Gorenjska region (Slovenia) and Sauerland (Germany) throughout the concept of social capital. Comparative analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Geographical analysis points out the role of geographical position of volunteer firefighters in case of emergency and also indicates some common features and also the regional differences between engagement of volunteer firefighters’ associations and their collaboration with other associations.
Kakovostno stanje Rakiškega stržena po obnovi Centralne čistilne naprave Postojna // Water quality of the Rakiški stržen brook after the reconstruction of the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Postojna
Authors: Kovačič Gregor , Rupnik Tina
Published: February 2020

Članek obravnava kakovostno stanje Rakiškega stržena. Predstavljeni so rezultati meritev fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov na štirih merilnih mestih v obdobju oktober 2016–junij 2017 ter rezultati monitoringa iztočnih voda iz Centralne čistilne naprave Postojna, ki kažejo, da se je kakovost potoka po prenovi čistilne naprave izboljšala. To potrjuje tudi primerjava rezultatov s starejšo raziskavo, opravljeno v hidrološkem letu 2014, ki kaže na znižanje koncentracij nitrata in nitrita ter nasprotno, majhno povišanje koncentracij amonija in fosfata, kar razlagamo s slabšim učinkom redčenja v hidrološkem letu 2017, ki je bilo manj vodnato. K celotnemu obremenjevanju največ prispevajo prečiščene odpadne vode iz čistilne naprave ter neprečiščene odpadne vode iz Rakitnika. //
 
The article deals with water quality of the Rakiški stržen brook. Results of the measurements of physico-chemical parameters in the period from October 2016 to June 2017 at four sampling points and the results of the monitoring of the treated wastewater effluent from the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Postojna are presented. The results show, that the quality of the brook improved after the upgrading of the wastewater treatment plant. Comparison of the gained results with a former study, conducted in the hydrological year 2014, also confirms this finding, showing lower concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, but on contrary, slightly higher concentrations of ammonium and phosphates. The latter is most likely associated with lower dilution effect, since the hydrological year 2017 was significantly less wet. Treated wastewater effluent and untreated wastewaters from the Rakitnik village contribute the greatest part to the overall pollution burden of the brook.
Têrmin kras v Jesenkovih geografskih učbenikih // Term karst in Janez Jesenko geographical textbooks
Authors: Brenčič Mihael
Published: February 2020

Janez Jesenko (1838–1908) je bil pomemben pisec osmih slovenskih geografskih učbenikov v drugi polovici 19. stoletja. Med njegovi najpomembnejši deli uvrščamo Občni zemljepis iz leta 1873 in Prirodoznanski zemljepis iz leta 1874. V svojih delih je obravnaval tudi kras. V članku smo analizirali, kako je razumel kras. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je bil pri rabi besede nedosleden. Ker še niso bila vzpostavljena, ni upošteval enotnih pravil terminologije. Besedo kras je uporabljal tako v smislu zemljepisnega imena, kot v občem pomenu, prav tako pa je kras že razumel v sodobnem strokovno znanstvenem pomenu besede. Tudi s fenomenološkega vidika je kras opisoval v modernem smislu. V članku smo se dotaknili tudi pomena razumevanja teoretičnih vidikov razvoja pojma kras. //
 
In the second half of the 19th century Janez Jesenko (1838–1908) was an important writer of eight Slovenian geographical textbooks. Among his most important works are the General Geography of 1873 and the Natural History Geography of 1874. In his works he also covered karst. In the article we analyzed how he understood karst. It was found that the use of words was inconsistent, since terminological rules had not yet been established. He used the Slovenian word “kras” in both geographical and general terms, and understood karst in the modern scientific sense. Even from a phenomenological point of view, karst was described in a modern sense. The article also touches the meaning of theoretical aspects of the karst term development.
OTUD1 Negatively Regulates Type I IFN Induction by Disrupting Noncanonical Ubiquitination of IRF3
Authors: Zhang Zeming , Wang Dandan , Wang Peiyan , Zhao Yingchi , You Fuping
Published: February 2020

IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is critical for the transcription of type I IFNs in defensing virus and promoting inflammatory responses. Although several kinds of posttranslational modifications have been identified to modulate the activity of IRF3, whether atypical ubiquitination participates in the function regulation, especially the DNA binding capacity of IRF3, is unknown. In this study, we found that the ovarian tumor domain containing deubiquitinase OTUD1 deubiquitinated IRF3 and attenuated its function. An atypical ubiquitination, K6-linked ubiquitination, was essential for the DNA binding capacity of IRF3 and subsequent induction of target genes. Mechanistically, OTUD1 cleaves the viral infection–induced K6-linked ubiquitination of IRF3, resulting in the disassociation of IRF3 from the promoter region of target genes, without affecting the protein stability, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3 after a viral infection. Otud1−/− cells as well as Otud1−/− mice produced more type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines after viral infection. Otud1−/− mice were more resistant to lethal HSV-1 and VSV infection. Consistent with the former investigations that IRF3 promoted inflammatory responses in LPS-induced sepsis, Otud1−/− mice were more susceptible to LPS stimulation. Taken together, our findings revealed that the DNA binding capacity of IRF3 in the innate immune signaling pathway was modulated by atypical K6-linked ubiquitination and deubiquitination process, which was regulated by the deubiquitinase OTUD1.
Medicaid Threats on the Horizon
Authors: Baldwin Paul
Published: February 2020

Those of you who have been around for a while understand that Medicaid is the primary payer for long-term care in the United States. While Medicare pays for the short-term episodes of care associated with rehabilitation following a three-day stay in an acute-care hospital, it?s Medicaid
that foots the bill for live-in residents who are unable to afford it themselves.
A limiting free boundary problem for a degenerate operator in Orlicz–Sobolev spaces
Authors: Abrantes Santos Jefferson , Monari Soares Sergio H.
Published: February 2020

A free boundary optimization problem involving the

\Phi

-Laplacian in Orlicz–Sobolev spaces is considered for the case where

\Phi

does not satisfy the natural conditions introduced by Lieberman. A minimizer

u\Phi

having non-degeneracy at the free boundary is proved to exist and some important consequences are established, namely, the Lipschitz regularity of

u\Phi

along the free boundary, that the positivity set of

u\Phi

has locally uniform positive density, and that the free boundary is porous with porosity

\delta > 0

and has finite

(N − \delta)

-Hausdorff measure. The method is based on a truncated minimization problem in terms of the Taylor polynomial of

\Phi

of order

2k

. The proof demands to revisit the Lieberman proof of a Harnack inequality and verify that the associated constant with this inequality is independent of

k

provided that

k

is sufficiently large.
The Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem for $p$-harmonic mappings between Riemannian surfaces
Authors: Adamowicz Tomasz , Jääskeläinen Jarmo , Koski Aleksis
Published: February 2020

In the planar setting, the Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem states that a harmonic map from the unit disk onto a Jordan domain bounded by a convex curve is a diffeomorphism provided that the boundary mapping is a homeomorphism. We prove the injectivity criterion of Radó–Kneser–Choquet for

p

-harmonic mappings between Riemannian surfaces.

In our proof of the injectivity criterion we approximate the

p

-harmonic map with auxiliary mappings that solve uniformly elliptic systems. We prove that each auxiliary mapping has a positive Jacobian by a homotopy argument. We keep the maps injective all the way through the homotopy with the help of the minimum principle for a certain subharmonic expression that is related to the Jacobian.
أثر الحوكمة الحضرية على جودة الخدمات والمرافق العامة في المدن السعودية
Authors: خالد نصرالدين أحمد منديلي خالد نصرالدين أحمد منديلي
Published: February 2020

تستعرض هذه الورقة البحثية آراء أصحاب المصلحة الذين يخططون ويديرون عمليات تنفيذ مشاريع الخدمات العامة والبنية التحتية في محافظة جدة فيما يتعلق بالإدارة الحضرية ودورها في الارتقاء بجودة هذه الخدمات. كما تسلط هذه الورقة الضوء على علاقة تقديم الخدمات العامة بجودة عالية بمستوى الإدارة الحضرية، وتؤكد على أن رؤية السعودية 2030 وبرنامج التحول الوطني السعودي يوفران فرصة لإنشاء إدارة حضرية شاملة تساعد على تحقيق الكفاءة والفاعلية في ممارسة أجهزة الدولة لمهامها واختصاصاتها على أكمل وجه وتعزيز نوعية الحياة. كما تظهر النتائج التي توصلنا إليها أن صناعة البناء وعمليات تشييد الخدمات والمرافق العامة تواجه تحديات كبيرة في الوقت الراهن بسبب ضعف الإدراية المحلية بمحافظة جدة. ومن هذا المنطلق تؤكد على أن عملية مواجهة هذه التحديات وتحسين مستوى هذه الخدمات بما يواكب التطلعات والآمال تستوجب تحديد العوامل التي تساعد على الارتقاء بها. كما تؤكد على أنه يمكن تعزيز الإدارة الحضرية من خلال تطبيق مبادئ الرؤية السعودية 2030 التي تهدف إلى تحقيق الحوكمة الرشيدة في جميع القطاعات، وبما يضمن استمرارية العمل التنفيذي ومتابعة الأداء وفق أفضل الممارسات العالمية المتبعة.
Uma visão da mobilidade urbana: Passado, Presente e Futuro
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Campbell , Wiltgen Filipe
Published: February 2020

Este artigo mostra uma visão temporal da mobilidade humana no mundo, assim como, seus efeitos na cultura e sociedade, no meio ambiente e na economia. O impacto que o passado teve na evolução técnico científica e cultural, sob o aspecto dos veículos utilizados para deslocamentos curtos e rápidos dentro de centros urbanos até hoje é importante para o desenvolvimento humano. A análise crítica relativa ao panorama presente, deve ser capaz de identificar os principais desafios da mobilidade, quer seja, para o lazer ou trabalho diário. Imaginando como os seres humanos deverão se locomover no futuro visando serem sustentáveis, eficazes e estruturados de tal forma que seus meios de transporte possam ser parte natural e integral de uma determinada localidade. Por fim, o artigo mostra os modelos e ideias adotadas em cidades que tiveram sucesso em adaptar seus meios de transporte integrando seus anseios e princípios culturais a mobilidade urbana.
Size-resolved aerosol pH over Europe during summer
Authors: Zakoura Maria , Kakavas Stylianos , Nenes Athanasios , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The dependence of aerosol acidity on particle size, location and altitude over Europe during a summertime period is investigated using the hybrid version of aerosol dynamics in the chemical transport model PMCAMx. The pH changes more with particle size in northern and southern Europe owing to the enhanced presence of non-volatile cations (Na, Ca, K, Mg) in the larger particles. Differences of up to 1–4 pH units are predicted between sub- and super-micron particles, while the average pH of PM1–2.5 can be as much as 1 unit higher than that of PM1. Most aerosol water over continental Europe is associated with PM1, while PM2.5–5 and PM5–10 dominate the water content in the marine and coastal areas due to the relatively higher levels of hygroscopic sea salt. Particles of all sizes become increasingly acidic with altitude (0.5–2 units pH decrease over 2.5 km) primarily because of the decrease in aerosol liquid water content (driven by humidity changes) with height. Inorganic nitrate is strongly affected by aerosol pH with the highest average nitrate levels predicted for the PM2.5–5 range and over locations where the pH exceeds 3. Dust tends to increase aerosol water levels, aerosol pH and nitrate concentrations for all particle sizes. This effect of dust is quite sensitive to its calcium content. The size-dependent pH differences carry important implications for pH-sensitive processes in the aerosol.
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)
Authors: Paul André , Mulitza Stefan , Stein Rüdiger , Werner Martin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present a climatology of the sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular 1° × 1° grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic SST based on the results of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional SST averages and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse SST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty on the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirmed the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional SST differences that were greater than today in all oceans and an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range.
The abyssal giant pockmarks of the Black Bahama Escarpment: Relations between structures, fluids and carbonate physiography
Authors: Cavailhes Thibault , Gillet Hervé , Guiastrennec-Faugas Léa , Mulder Thierry , Hanquiez Vincent
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study reports the discovery of spectacular abyssal giant pockmarks located at the toe of the Bahamian carbonate platform, along the Black Bahama structurally-controlled Escarpment (BBE) that exhibits up to 4 km of submarine elevation above the San Salvador Abyssal Plain (SSAP). Analysis of seismic reflection and bathymetric data collected during the CARAMBAR 2 cruise revealed the presence of 29 pockmarks; their water depths range from −4584 m to −4967 m whereas their bathymetric depressions are elliptical in shape, range in diameter from 255 m to 1819 m, and in depth from 30 m to 185 m. The pockmarks alignment trends parallel to the BBE as well as the structural lineaments of the area, exclusively between 2200 and 5000 m from its toe, and overlies a buried carbonate bench in which a high-amplitude seismic anomaly has been detected. The pockmark density interestingly increases where the recognized structural lineaments intersect the BBE. The aforementioned observations suggest an atypical relationship between the spatial occurrence of the abyssal fluid releases, the carbonate platform tectonic structures, the buried carbonate bench that underlies the hemipelagites in the San Salvador abyssal plain and the physiography of the area. Indeed, the ground water entrance during low-level stands, the dissolution of evaporites by meteoric water, the platform-scale thermal convection and the seawater entrance at the platform edge most probably act in concert to favor the circulation of brines and therefore the corrosion within the Bahamian carbonate platform. These mechanisms are particularly efficient along the structural heterogeneities (i.e. faults and fractures) which act as fluid conduits and control the physiography of the area by maintaining the location of the sedimentary pathways. The dense fluids migrate along the faults towards the BBE free edge and are subsequently trapped into the buried carbonate bench that laterally disappears below the low-permeability deep-sea hemipelagics of the SSAP. In consequence, the trapped corrosive fluids dissolve the carbonates preferentially along the tectonic structures such as the Samana Fracture Zone, at the origin of the BBE curvature and triggers collapse-structures in the overlying fine-grained deposits generating giant pockmarks. This structurally-directed process of dissolution is believed to have played a major role in the BBE 5–6 km erosional retreat and also probably explains the occurrence of plunge pools in the area.
Mantle flow below the central and greater Alpine region: insights from SKS anisotropy analysis at AlpArray and permanent stations
Authors: Petrescu Laura , Pondrelli Silvia , Salimbeni Simone , Faccenda Manuele ,   the AlpArray Working Group
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Alpine chain in western and central Europe is a complex orogen developed as a result of the African-Adriatic plate convergence towards the European continent and the closure of several Tethys oceanic branches. Seismic tomography studies detected high-wavespeed slabs plunging beneath the orogen to variable depths and a potential change in subduction polarity beneath the Central Alps. Alpine subduction is expected to leave a significant imprint on the surrounding mantle fabrics, although deformation associated with the Hercynian Orogeny which affected Europe prior to the collision with Adria may have also been preserved in the European lithosphere. Here we estimate SKS anisotropy beneath the central and greater Alpine region at 113 broadband seismic stations from the AlpArray experiment as well as permanent networks from Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and France. We compare the new improved dataset with previous studies of anisotropy, mantle tomography, lithospheric thickness, and absolute plate motion, and carry out Fresnel analysis to place constraints on the depth and origin of anisotropy. Most SKS directions parallel the orogen strike and the orientation of the Alpine slabs, rotating clockwise from west to east along the chain, from −45° to 90° over a ∼ 700 km distance. No significant changes are recorded in Central Alps at the location of the putative switch in subduction polarity, although a change in direction variability suggests simple asthenospheric flow or coupled deformation in the Central Swiss Alps transitions into more complex structures beneath the Eastern Alps. SKS fast axes follow the trend of high seismic anomalies across the Alpine Front, far from the present-day boundary, suggesting slabs act as flow-barriers to the ambient mantle surrounding them for hundreds of km. Further north across the foreland, SKS fast axes parallel Hercynian geological structures and are orthogonal to the Rhine Graben and crustal extension. However, large splitting delay times (> 1.4 s) are incompatible with a purely lithospheric contribution, but rather represent asthenospheric flow not related to past deformational events. West of the Rhine Graben, in northeastern France, anisotropy directions are spatially variable in the proximity of a strong positive seismic anomaly in the upper mantle, perhaps perturbing the flow-field guided by the nearby Alpine slabs.
¡Recuperar la acera, salvar la vida urbana! Observaciones para una intervención integral del Sistema de Espacio Público de Managu
Authors: Guerrero Napoleón
Published: February 2020

En la actualidad, la ciudad de Managua es objeto de una serie de intervenciones en el espacio público o sistema de espacios libres territoriales y urbanos. Recientemente, entre 2015 y 2017 fueron construidos el paso a desnivel de Rubenia, las nuevas paradas de autobuses urbanos, la renovación de una red de semáforos inteligentes, y la construcción de un edificio polivalente para celebrar encuentros deportivos, entre otras obras ligadas a la celebración de los XI Juegos Deportivos Centroamericanos, Managua 2017, todavía en construcción. También, hemos visto finalizar con éxito la mejora de muchos parques en el interior de nuestros barrios. Sin duda, estas operaciones vienen a dar calidad de vida a todos los ciudadanos y son muestra innegable del proceso de urbanización que experimenta la capital desde 2008. Este proceso de transformaciones urbanas es amplio y tiene otras escalas de intervención, como ejemplo, la construcción del Estadio de Béisbol, emplazado en un área urbana que se está perfilando desde hace décadas como una de las centralidades más simbólicas de la nueva Managua, reuniendo edificios particulares como la Catedral, el tradicional Centro Comercial y Hotel Intercontinental de Metro-Centro. La observación de estas intervenciones en el espacio público plantea la necesidad de una reflexión sobre el sentido y los conceptos básicos de esta práctica. Parece intuirse una estrategia de operaciones puntuales sobre ámbitos determinados, que presentan conflictos urbanos sobre todo en el tema de la circulación vial y peatonal. Sin embargo, surge de esta misma praxis urbanística la necesidad de preguntarse por la totalidad del problema se manera sistémica: ¿Es suficiente el incremento de la caja vial en las vías rápidas y la construcción de pasos a desnivel para mejorar la circulación vial, e ignorar la circulación peatonal en la solución del espacio público? ¿Basta con mejorar tecnológicamente la red de semáforos y mejorar las condiciones de resguardo en las paradas de autobuses? ¿Cuáles son las cualidades urbanas de los pasos viarios elevados y como contribuyen a la complejidad de la definición de la calle? No cabe duda que estas operaciones urbanas son claves en la mejora de la eficiencia del transporte y la circulación de la ciudad, pero al mismo tiempo, parecen ser parciales e inconexas en la medida que dejan fuera varios aspectos relativos a la complejidad del Sistema de Espacios Públicos Urbanos y Territoriales.
Comparative Studies of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Prolotherapy for Proximal Biceps Tendinitis
Authors: Moon Young Lae , Ha Sang Ho , Lee Young Kwan , Park Yi Kyu
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE: This research sought to study Platelet-Rich Plasma therapy (PRP) and prolotherapy for shoulder pain and dysfunction related to symptomatic biceps tendinopathy, and to judge effective results.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 100 cases that had significant inflammatory effusion of the biceps tendon (that was shown on MRI), and was refractory to conservative treatment. The cases were followed up for more than one year and were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group received PRP therapy; the 2nd group received prolotherapy under sonographic guidance. We evaluated results for visual analog score (VAS), (Korean Shoulder Society Score (KSS), UCLA Score, Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) for 12 months.RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the first month after the procedure. However, in the third, sixth, and twelfth months after the procedure, the 1st group showed significant improved results for VAS, KSS, UCLA, and CSS scores compared to the 2nd group (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Among nonsurgical treatments, both PRP and prolotherapy could be effective against biceps tendinopathy. But, PRP treatment is considered as more reliable method than prolotherapy for maintaining effective results.
How Congressmen Connect: Analyzing Voting and Donation Networks in the Brazilian Congress
Authors: Bursztyn Victor S. , Nunes Marcelo Granja , Figueiredo Daniel R.
Published: February 2020

The goal of this work is to analyze two of the most central activities in the life of a congressman: raising funds and voting bills. We investigate the Brazilian Congress to shed light on the relationships between the donations received by congressmen elected in 2014 and their voting behaviors during the year of 2015. We merged publicly available data obtained from the Brazilian House of Representatives and the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) in order to create a tripartite network containing campaign donors, elected congressmen, and legal bills. Using this data, we create two projected networks having congressmen as nodes and links given as follows: 1) congressmen who received donations from the same donors (donation network); and 2) congressmen who voted in accordance to each other on legal bills (voting network). After characterizing these networks, we propose three fundamental questions on the behavior of congressmen that could benefit from the methods and concepts provided by Network Science. Finally, we analyze the results and compare them to general domain knowledge.