bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De ring van Polycrates (Herodotus, Historiën 3.39-43)
Authors: de Jong Irene
Published: June 2021

This paper offers a narratological close reading of one of Herodotus’ most celebrated stories. Special attention is paid to the recurrent Herodotean themes and story-patterns which shape it and thus can help to interpret it. For once the advice of a warner is heeded, but the return of the ring shows that Polycrates’ fate is already sealed and cannot be averted anymore. His great good fortune has brought Polycrates the envy of the gods, a concept which must be looked at in terms of the contemporary Ionian interest in ‘balance’ (of the bodily humours, of climate, of good fortune): the gods watch over the balance of the kosmos and when mortals threaten to disturb it (because of excessive power, riches or good fortune), these mortals are brought down. Most of the times these ‘excessive’ mortals also ‘earn’ their fate by committing crimes or making grave mistakes, and the quick account of Polycrates’ earlier career showed him killing one of his brothers and abusing the unwritten law of ξεινίη. When he faithfully executes Amasis’ advice and throws away his precious ring it is already too late and, as Amasis concludes, his fate cannot be changed anymore.
Polycrates, Croesus, Xerxes
Authors: van der Veen Jan Ebel
Published: June 2021

The present article is a response to the essay by Irene de Jong in this issue of Lampas. Its main contention is that De Jong misrepresents the motives at work in Herodotus’ representation of Croesus, Xerxes and, especially, the return of Polycrates’ ring. Focusing entirely on the divine aspect of causation (the ‘jealousy of the gods’), De Jong leaves out of consideration altogether the second part of what Lesky called doppelte Motivation: the psychological aspect. I aim to show that in so doing De Jong creates an incomplete picture of causation in Herodotus, especially with regard to the three iconic characters mentioned. The most important element of Herodotus’ monarchs is their ineluctable adherence to power and greatness, which dictates their outlook on life and forces their hand, even when they (like Xerxes and Polycrates) do possess an intellectual grasp of the realities concerned. The working of this powerful force is signalled by the mention of emotions like anger, fear and pleasure.
A problem child
Authors: Pelling Christopher
Published: June 2021

Soclees of Corinth has just foiled the Spartan move to crush the infant Athenian democracy, and the exiled tyrant Hippias tells the Corinthians that one day they will yearn for the Peisistratids, when they find pain at the hands of the Athenians (5.93.1). Soclees had told how the infant Cypselus escaped death at the hands of those sent to kill him: is the implication that Corinth should have strangled the infant Athens? Is Athens to be the new Cypselus, a ‘tyrant city’ indeed? Herodotus’ moralism is not so simple, and his emphasis usually falls on freedom more than on democracy. Still, democracy offers a test-case to see what happens when freedom is pushed to its limit, rather as Persia exemplifies the opposite extreme, personal power at its most unbridled. On democracy the outcome was still not clear when Herodotus wrote: would Athens suffer the same fate as its imperialistic predecessor Persia? Or would it be different, perhaps because of democracy and freedom? Whatever the outcome turned out to be, future readers would find strands in Herodotus’ narrative that would help them to understand.
De structuur van liefde in Plato’s Symposium
Authors: Joosse Albert
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the internal structure of ἔρως, as it is conceptualized in Plato’s Symposium. The analysis first focuses on the three constitutive elements of love on the lover’s side: a lack, a consciousness of it, and the perceived worth of what is lacking. It explores these in relation to the rest of the Symposium and to the Socratic elenchus. The second part of the analysis turns to the beloved’s end of the relation. By means of a comparative reading with the Lysis it explores possible ways of understanding the idea that something is loved for the sake of something else. On the reading offered here, the lover’s love of beauty is always for the sake of immortality, even if this beauty be the Form itself. Finally, considerations about narrative framing and the characterization of Diotima should prompt us to see some distance between this conception and Plato himself. The Symposium’s primary aim is not doctrinal but protreptic.
Woordenschatgraven
Authors: Buijkx Michael
Published: June 2021

Many vocabulary lists in Dutch coursebooks are indirectly based on frequency research, and on the assumption that any particular selection of Latin literature might benefit from a representative list. However, the selection of merely 50 pages of Latin for Dutch senior high school education exams does not hold up to both linguistic and statistical logic. As a practical work-around a dichotomy is suggested between ‘content words’ and ‘structure words’. Whereas the latter (conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns and adverbs with a general meaning) can acceptably be selected on a frequency basis, the selection of the former (nouns, adjectives and verbs) can be tailored to the specific content of a text corpus with the help of the ‘Collatinus’ open source application. Statistical samples are taken from eight recent final examination programs and the criteria for a tailormade selection are illustrated with Cicero’s Pro Roscio (national exams 2021). Various classroom activities and consequences for editing educational resources are presented.
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Methods for Detection of Keratoconus
Authors:   Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., N Impana , Bhoomika K J ,   Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., S S Suraksha ,   Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Sawhney Karan ,   Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., D Priya ,   Associate Professors, Dept. Of Information Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., G S Mamatha ,   Associate Professors, Dept. Of Information Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published: June 2021

Keratoconus eye disease is not an inflammatory corneal disease that is caused by progress in thinning of the cornea, scarring, and deformation in the shape of the cornea. In India, there is a significant increase in the number of cases of keratoconus, and several research centers have been paying attention to this disease in recent years. In this situation, there is an immediate need for tools that simplify both diagnosis and treatment[1]. The algorithm developed can decide whether the eye is a normal eye or keratoconus eye with stages. The K-net model analyzes the pentagram images of the eye using a convolutional neural network(CNN) a deep learning model and pre-trained ResNet-50 and InceptionV3 pre-trained models and does the comparative analysis of the accuracies of these models. The results show that the Keratoconus Detection algorithm leads to a good job, with a 93.75 percent accuracy on the data test collection. Keratoconus Detection model is a program that can help ophthalmologists test their patients faster, therefore reducing diagnostic errors and facilitating treatment.
Peramalan Produksi Pertanian Menggunakan Model Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis , Kustiyo Aziz , Suharso Aries
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Masalah yang timbul dalam peramalan hasil produksi pertanian antara lain adalah sulit untuk mendapatkan data yang lengkap dari variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi hasil pertanian dalam jangka panjang. Kondisi ini akan semakin sulit ketika peramalan mencakup wilayah yang cukup luas. Akibatnya, variabel-variabel tersebut harus diinterpolasi sehingga akan menyebabkan bias terhadap hasil peramalan. (1) Mengetahui gambaran meta analisis penelitian peramalan produk pertanian menggunakan Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), (2) Mengetahui penelitian meta analisis cakupan wilayah, komoditi dan periode data terkait produk pertanian terutama gandum, kedelai jagung dan pisang, (3) Mengetahui praproses data antara lain menghilangkan data yang tidak sesuai, menangani data yang kosong, serta memilih variabel tertentu. Sebagai solusi dari masalah tersebut, peramalan hasil produksi pertanian dilakukan berdasarkan data historis hasil produksi pertanian. Salah model peramalan yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah model jaringan syaraf LSTM yang merupakan pengembangan dari model jaringan syaraf recurrent (RNN). Tulisan ini merupakan hasil kajian literatur pengembangan model-model LSTM untuk peramalan hasil produksi pertanian meliputi gandum, kedelai, jagung dan pisang. Perbaikan kinerja model LSTM dilakukan mulai dari praproses, tuning hyperparameter, sampai dengan penggabungan dengan metode lain. Berdasarkan kajian tersebut, model-model LSTM memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model benchmark.

 

Kata kunci: jaringan syaraf, LSTM, peramalan, produksi pertanian, RNN.

 

Abstract: Problems that arise in forecasting agricultural products include the difficulty of obtaining complete data on the variables that affect agricultural yields in the long term. This condition will be more difficult when the forecast covers a large area. As a result, these variables must be interpolated so that it will cause a bias towards the forecasting results. (1) Knowing the description of research maps for forecasting agricultural products using Long short term memory (LSTM), (2) Knowing Research Coverage areas, commodities, and data periods related to agricultural products, especially Wheat, Soybeans, corn, and bananas, (3) Knowing Preprocessing data between others remove inappropriate data, handle blank data, and select certain variables. This paper is the result of a literature review on the development of LSTM models for crop yields forecasting including wheat, soybeans, corn, and bananas. The Performance Improvements of the LSTM models were carried out by preprocessing data, hyperparameter tuning, and combining LSTM with other methods. Based on this study, LSTM models have better performance compared to the benchmark model.

 

Keywords: neural network, LSTM, forecasting, crop yield, RNN.
PENANAMAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH PLASTIK BAGI SANTRI AL MUHAJIRIN 1 JOMBANG
Authors: Yuliana Anggi Indah , Chusna Miftachul , Aziz Andreas Abdul
Published: June 2021

Islamic boarding schools are a source of plastic waste in Jombang Regency. Efforts to reduce waste generation through reusing plastic waste must be supported by adequate skills from the Islamic boarding school community. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of students in managing plastic waste into pots as a medium for cultivating vegetables in narrow land. This activity was carried out in October 2020 at ma'had al Muhajirin 1 Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Jombang, the partiparticipant was about 15 students. The method used socialization and practiced activities. The evaluation of the results of the training showed that 70% of the training participants had good skills when making plastic waste pots, while 30% of the training participants were in the category with fairly good skills. These results indicated that this community service activity could improve the skills of students in processing plastic waste onto pots that were useful for planting vegetables.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND FT-IR ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACTS OF HEMIDESMUS INDICUS AND TYLOPHORA INDICA
Authors: MAHESHWARI M. , VIJAYARENGAN P.
Published: June 2021

Medicinal plants are of great importance for the health of individuals and communities. Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica are used as traditional medicines. These plants contain a lot of bioactive compounds. The present investigation is carried out in Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica leaves. In the present study, the methanol extract of H. indicus and T. indica were subjected for preliminary phytochemical analysis through FT-IR spectral analysis and the bioactive compounds were identified. The Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of methanolic leaves extract of H.indicus and T.indica revealed the presence of secondary metabolites. FT-IR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Hemidesmus indicus and Tylophora indica revealed 16 and 13 major compounds respectively. The H.indicus has higher bioactive compounds compared to T.indica.
SCREENING OF VEGETABLE POWDERS USED AS A BIO-INSECTICIDE AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS F. (CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE)
Authors: Allali Aimad , Rezouki Sanae , Louasté Bouchra , Najat Touati , Eloutassi Noureddine , Fadli Mohamed
Published: June 2021

The beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F. 1775) (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a destructive pest of stored chickpea seeds. Bio-pesticides are pesticides of animal, plant and bacterial origin. Plant products are among the best known substances tested against insects. These products have an insecticidal and repellent effect on insects and can also affect certain biological parameters such as fecundity, life span and reproduction. In search of plant bio-pesticides to control Callosobruchus maculatus main pest of stored chickpea seeds, 18 plants traditionally used in Morocco to control insect pests have been tested in the laboratory, for their toxic effects against this beetle. A conventional synthetic insecticide was included as a positive control, while untreated seed was used as a control. The toxicity of the powders was assessed by measuring the parameters of the life cycle in a situation of non-choice maintained at a climatic chamber with a temperature of 25 ±1 degrees Celsius, a relative humidity of 75% and a photoperiod of 14h (light) / 10h (darkness) for several successive generations. The powders of Mentha pulegium and Syzygium aromaticum have completely wiped out the population of the bruches (% IR=100%) 2%, 1% and 0.5% p/p. Similarly, the powders of the two plants retained the weights of the seeds, which remain significantly different (P < 0.01) at the weight of the control. Also Origanum compactum , Mentha officinalis, Allium sativum Zingiber officinale, Urtica doica and Calamintha officinalis have significantly reduced (P < - 0.01) the population of bruches, the percentage reduction reached (97.5, 89.32, 72.84, 50.3, 46.52 and 39.24% by the highest 2%). The other plants show no significant difference from the control. The results therefore suggest that Syzygium aromaticum powder and Mentha pulegium have an insecticide potential similar to those of conventional insecticides and could be a biotechnological alternative against C. maculatus infestations and damag
INVESTIGATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BARK OF PRUNUS CORNUTA AND ROOT OF RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS
Authors: purohit M.C , Singh Navneet , Kumar Goutam , Rawat Rashmi , Singh Mahender
Published: June 2021

In the present research work, in vitro, the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of bark of Prunus cornuta and root of Rumex obtusifolius, respectively, was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenolic content (TPC) of methanolic extracts was also determined by spectrophotometric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and calculated in ?g/mL gallic acid equivalent (GAE). DPPH scavenging activity results show that the root extract of Rumex obtusifolius (IC50 = 17.15) and bark extract of Prunus cornuta (IC50 = 27.32) shows good antioxidant potential. TPC of root extract was found to be 178.56 ?g/g GAE, and bark extract was 137.23 ?g/g GAE. Antioxidant effect (%) determined by using phosphomolybdate assay and superoxide anion radical scavenging percentage further supports the potential antioxidant activity.
THE EFFECT OF COPPER OXIDE AND SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES ON VITAMIN D LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH INFERTILITY
Authors: Fadhel Mohammed Al-Kazaz Fatin , Hadi Hussain Dhia , AbdulRahman Khalaf Saad
Published: June 2021

The nanoparticles of both copper oxide (CuO NPs) and selenium (Se NPs) were synthesized by a laser ablation method that is fast and safe in biological applications. It was Characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Xray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the size of the nanoparticles was 20-23 nm for Se NPs and 19-23 nm for CuO NPs. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles was examined on vitamin D levels in the group of women with primary infertility (PP) and the group of women with secondary infertility (SP). The results showed a highly significant activation effect of the copper oxide nanoparticles, with an activation rate equal to 13% for the primary sterility group (P = 0.003) and 23% for the secondary sterility group (P = 0.00)
THE EFFECT OF MOWING DATES AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)
Authors: Salim Talib Mohammed , Najim. Mansoor Hasan , Hilal abbas AL-Khafaji Hayder , Hilal abbas AL-Khafaji Hayder , Hilal abbas AL-Khafaji Hayder , Hilal abbas AL-Khafaji Hayder
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2014/2015 in one of the fields of Abi Gharq district, located 10 km west of the Babylon governorate. The randomized complete block design was used under split-plots arrangement with three replications. The main plots were included levels of nitrogen fertilizer (without fertilizer, 50, 100, 150 N, 200, 250 kg). while the sub-plots were included (without a mower, a mower after 45 days, a mower after 65 days, a mower after 85 days) after planting, The data were taken and analyzed according to the used design and the averages were tested according to the LSD test, and the results were summarized as follows: The date of mowing C1 (mower after 45 days of planting) was significantly higher by giving the highest average for the degree of fallowness and the index of harvest, and the percentage of nitrogen in the green fodder was 3.647, 37.63% and 1.837%, respectively. Treatment C0 (without mower) outperformed significantly by giving it the highest average of biological yield, grain yield and nitrogen percentage in grains, as it gave 15,114 tons. H-1 and 5.73 tons. H-1 and 1.242%, respectively The fertilizer level N5 (250 kg N. H-1) gave the highest average of the degree of lying, biological yield, grain yield, nitrogen percentage in green fodder and nitrogen content in grains, as it gave 3.854% and 7.571 tons. H-1 and 6.20 tons. % And 1.397%, respectively, We conclude from the results of the study that lack of without cutting to a significant increase in the degree of resting, biological yield and grain yield, and we conclude that the high levels of nitrogen led to a significant increase in the degree of lying, biological yield, grain yield, and the proportion of nitrogen in green fodder and grains
Tradición, producto y técnica: bases para aportar valor a la cultura gastronómica ecuatoriana en la actualidad
Authors: Toledo Ochoa Daniel , Padilla Palacios María Fernanda , Gómez Parra Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

El presente texto se desarrolla como parte del Proyecto de Investigación “Modelo de proceso creativo gastronómico para propuestas culinarias basadas en elaboraciones tradicionales ecuatorianas”, que se lleva a cabo a través del financiamiento del Instituto de Tecnologías Sudamericano de la ciudad de Cuenca. Este proyecto pretende realizar un acercamiento gastronómico, cultural y antropológico a las cocinas típica y actual para comprender algunos de sus ejes fundamentales. El artículo se concentra en analizar la tradición, el producto y la técnica culinaria de la cocina ecuatoriana para señalar posibles bases que permitan aportar valores determinados como prestigio, sentido de pertenencia, entre otros. Para ello, se han realizado revisiones bibliográficas, entrevistas a actores de la cocina tradicional de la Zona 6 del Ecuador (comprendida por las provincias de Azuay, Cañar y Morona Santiago), y encuestas a grupos focales autoseleccionados. Finalmente, se presentan ejemplos que refuerzan los temas tratados a lo largo de este artículo como los resultados aplicativos de intervenciones culinarias en las elaboraciones tradicionales. Con todo esto, se pretende aportar a la integración de la gastronomía tradicional a la cultura actual a través de la implementación de técnicas actuales, profesionales y pertinentes.
Las formas sígnicas de la cultura cañari. Un enfoque del diseño en bolsas ecológicas
Authors: Pauta Ayabaca Silvia Catalina , Quintero Bastardo Douglas Armando , Pazmiño Marco
Published: June 2021

La provincia de Azuay cuenta con un patrimonio cultural reconocido nacional e internacionalmente por su estética arquitectónica y su riqueza arqueológica. Parte de esa herencia fue desarrollada por los pueblos ancestrales asentados en Tomebamba, hoy ciudad de Cuenca. En cuanto a los orígenes de la cultura Cerro Narrío, también conocida como Chaullabamba, la revisión bibliográfica confirma que surge al sur de los andes ecuatorianos; donde se encuentran ubicadas en la actualidad las provincias del Cañar y el Azuay, considerada antecesora de los cañaris. El presente proyecto se fundamenta en el análisis morfológico de las memorias sígnicas culturales (formas y figuras) del pueblo Cañari, lo que aportará a la preservación de la identidad cultural y al mantenimiento del patrimonio intangible de las culturas aborígenes de la provincia del Azuay desde la perspectiva del diseño ecologista, sustentable y sostenible. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación de campo, a través de una encuesta diseñada para tal propósito, a una población desde los 18 hasta los 65 años de edad que nos permitió recabar los criterios necesarios para el diseño de las formas sígnicas de la simbología Cañari, acompañados de frases y eslogan, que enfatizan una serie de temáticas dirigidas a la preservación del legado cultural y educativo, siendo los principales aportes del proyecto, apoyados en principios básicos del diseño gráfico como: los trazos, formas, cromáticas, tipografías, texturas y mensajes utilizados para la divulgación de todos estos aspectos representativos de las cultura Cañari.
Propuesta metodológica de representación gráfica aplicada al estudio antropológico de la cultura cañari
Authors: Castro Pacheco Mónica Liliana , Lema Polo Kléber John , Nievecela Avila Bruno Fernando
Published: June 2021

Hoy en día existe una gran cantidad de productos que hacen referencia o rinden homenaje a diversas simbologías o graficas referentes a culturas; a lo largo de la historia dichas representaciones eran generadas de forma autóctona por parte de artesanos en diversas áreas como son: textiles, cerámicas, decoración y demás productos con una carga simbólica en referencia a una cultura. Esto provoca un conflicto en el entendimiento de: formas, figuras o cromática, entorno al concepto y trasfondo del elemento, además el mal manejo contribuye al uso no apropiado de posteriores representaciones, esto debido a una ausencia de una metodología que aporte conceptos básicos de construcción de la imagen, semiótica y cromática.

Este artículo trata sobre la conceptualización de elementos compositivos para un uso acorde a metodologías referentes al diseño por medio del desarrollo de un manual de representación de formas sígnicas de una cultura como ejemplo, en este caso la Cañari el cual consiste en una publicación que pueden utilizar docentes, estudiantes y profesionales del área del Diseño Gráfico, como un referente para la visualización de composiciones gráficas e ilustraciones que se obtuvieron del análisis de objetos precolombinos, aplicados en un artículo de uso diario como es una bolsa ecológica de compras a través del siguiente proceso: análisis morfológico, geometrización formal, uso de cromática y tipografía y generación de composiciones a partir de los fundamentos del diseño.
PARAT – Tracking the Activity of AI Companies
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Gelles Rebecca , Arnold Zachary , Luong Ngor , Melot Jennifer
Published: June 2021

CSET’s Private-sector AI-Related Activity Tracker (PARAT) collects data related to companies’ AI research and development to inform analysis of the global AI sector. The global AI market is already expanding rapidly and is likely to continue growing in the coming years. Identifying “AI companies” helps illustrate the size and health of the AI industry in which they participate as well as the most sought-after skills and experience in the AI workforce.
How to relieve teething syndrome in babies
Authors: Ковалёв Д.В. , Ковалёва И.В.
Published: June 2021

Прорезывание зубов – это естественный физиологический процесс. Очень важно, чтобы он прошел без осложнений, которые могут привести к неправильному формированию постоянных зубов, нарушению прикуса, инфекциям и т. д. По статистике, лишь 30% младенцев более или менее спокойно переносят подобные моменты, а у 70% детей наблюдается так называемый синдром прорезывания зубов (в соответствии с МКБ-10 кодируется как K00.7), который сопровождается рядом неспецифичных симптомов – повышением температуры тела, беспокойством ребенка, нарушением сна и аппетита, насморком, кашлем, рвотой, срыгиванием, жидким стулом. Поскольку симптомы неспецифичны, синдром прорезывания зубов – это всегда синдром исключения. Педиатр должен убедиться, что у ребенка нет ОРВИ, острой кишечной инфекции и ряда других патологических состояний вплоть до таких серьезных, как пневмония, пиелонефрит и острый менингит. Когда у врача есть уверенность в том, что имеющиеся симптомы связаны непосредственно с прорезыванием зубов, необходимо первым делом уменьшить боль в воспаленной десне. Ведь именно боль служит причиной плача, расстройства сна, ухудшения аппетита и других жалоб, снижающих качество жизни и самого младенца, и его родителей. Если боль и дискомфорт, связанные с прорезыванием зубов, не удалось облегчить немедикаментозными методами, может понадобиться терапия лекарственными средствами, в частности, применение стоматологического геля с лидокаином и цетилпиридиния хлоридом, который обладает обезболивающим эффектом и легкими антисептическими свойствами.

Teething is a natural physiological process. It is very important that it passes without complications that can lead to improper formation of permanent teeth, malocclusion, infections, etc. According to statistics, only 30% of babies tolerate such moments more or less calmly, and 70% of children experience the so-called teething syndrome (in accordance with ICD-10 is coded as K00.7), which is accompanied by a number of nonspecific symptoms – fever, child anxiety, sleep and appetite disturbances, runny nose, cough, vomiting, regurgitation, loose stools. Because the symptoms are nonspecific, teething syndrome is always a syndrome of exclusion. The pediatrician must make sure that the child does not have ARVI, acute intestinal infection and a number of other pathological conditions, up to such serious ones as pneumonia, pyelonephritis and acute meningitis. When the doctor is confident that the existing symptoms are directly related to teething, the first step is to reduce the pain in the sore gums. After all, it is pain that causes crying, sleep disturbances, poor appetite and other complaints that reduce the quality of life for both the baby and his parents. If the pain and discomfort associated with teething cannot be relieved by non-drug methods, drug therapy may be needed, in particular, the use of a dental gel with lidocaine and cetylpyridinium chloride, which has an analgesic effect and mild antiseptic properties.
Characterizing model errors in chemical transport modeling of methane: using GOSAT XCH4 data with weak-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation
Authors: Stanevich Ilya , Jones Dylan B. A. , Strong Kimberly , Keller Martin , Henze Daven K. , Parker Robert J. , Boesch Hartmut , Wunch Debra , Notholt Justus , Petri Christof , Warneke Thorsten , Sussmann Ralf , Schneider Matthias , Hase Frank , Kivi Rigel , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Velazco Voltaire A. , Walker Kaley A. , Deng Feng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We examined biases in the global GEOS-Chem chemical transport model for the period of February–May 2010 using weak-constraint (WC) four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation and dry-air mole fractions of CH4 (XCH4) from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). The ability of the observations and the WC 4D-Var method to mitigate model errors in CH4 concentrations was first investigated in a set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). We then assimilated the GOSAT XCH4 retrievals and found that they were capable of providing information on the vertical structure of model errors and of removing a significant portion of biases in the modeled CH4 state. In the WC 4D-Var assimilation, corrections were added to the modeled CH4 state at each model time step to account for model errors and improve the model fit to the assimilated observations. Compared to the conventional strong-constraint (SC) 4D-Var assimilation, the WC method was able to significantly improve the model fit to independent observations. Examination of the WC state corrections suggested that a significant source of model errors was associated with discrepancies in the model CH4 in the stratosphere. The WC state corrections also suggested that the model vertical transport in the troposphere at middle and high latitudes is too weak. The problem was traced back to biases in the uplift of CH4 over the source regions in eastern China and North America. In the tropics, the WC assimilation pointed to the possibility of biased CH4 outflow from the African continent to the Atlantic in the mid-troposphere. The WC assimilation in this region would greatly benefit from glint observations over the ocean to provide additional constraints on the vertical structure of the model errors in the tropics. We also compared the WC assimilation at 4∘ × 5∘ and 2∘ × 2.5∘ horizontal resolutions and found that the WC corrections to mitigate the model errors were significantly larger at 4∘ × 5∘ than at 2∘ × 2.5∘ resolution, indicating the presence of resolution-dependent model errors. Our results illustrate the potential utility of the WC 4D-Var approach for characterizing model errors. However, a major limitation of this approach is the need to better characterize the specified model error covariance in the assimilation scheme.
Evaluating the PurpleAir monitor as an aerosol light scattering instrument
Authors: Ouimette James R. , Malm William C. , Schichtel Bret A. , Sheridan Patrick J. , Andrews Elisabeth , Ogren John A. , Arnott W. Patrick
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Plantower PMS5003 sensors (PA-PMS) used in the PurpleAir (PA) monitor PA-II-SD configuration are equivalent to cell-reciprocal nephelometers using a 657 nm perpendicularly polarized light source that integrates light scattering from 18 to 166 degrees. Yearlong field data at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) and Boulder Table Mountain (BOS) sites show that the 1 h average of the PA-PMS first size channel, labeled “> 0.3 μm” (“CH1”) is highly correlated with submicrometer aerosol scattering coefficients at the 550 nm and 700 nm wavelengths measured by the TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer, from 0.4 Mm−1 to 500 Mm−1. This corresponds to an hourly average submicrometer aerosol mass concentration of approximately 0.2 to 200 ug m−3. A physical-optical model of the PA-PMS is developed to estimate light intensity on the photodiode, accounting for angular truncation as a function of particle size. Predictions are then compared with yearlong fine aerosol size distribution and scattering coefficient field data at the BOS site. It is shown that CH1 is linearly proportional to the model-predicted intensity of the light scattered by particles in the PA-PMS laser to its photodiode over 4 orders of magnitude. This is consistent with CH1 being a measure of the scattering coefficient and not the particle number concentration or particulate matter concentration. Field data at BOS confirm the model prediction that the ratio of CH1 to the scattering coefficient would be highest for aerosols with median scattering diameters < 0.3 μm. The PA-PMS detects aerosols smaller than 0.3 μm diameter in proportion to their contribution to the scattering coefficient. The model predicts that the PA-PMS response to particles > 0.3 μm decreases relative to an ideal nephelometer by about 75 % for particle diameters ≥ 1.0 μm. This is a result of using a laser that is polarized, the angular truncation of the scattered light, and particle loss in the instrument before reaching the laser. The results of this study indicate that the PA-PMS is not an optical particle counter and that its six size fractions are not an accurate representation of particle size distribution. The relationship between the PA-PMS 1 h average CH1 and bsp1, the scattering coefficient in Mm−1 due to particles below 1 μm aerodynamic diameter, at wavelength 550 nanometers, is found to be bsp1 = 0.015 ± 2.07 × 10−5 × CH1, for relative humidity below 40 %. The coefficient of determination R2 is 0.97. This suggests that the low-cost and widely used PA monitors can be used to measure and predict the aerosol light scattering coefficient in the mid-visible nearly as well as integrating nephelometers.
Biological response to wind and terrestrial nitrate in the western and southern continental shelves of the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: González-Ramírez Javier , Parés-Sierra Alejandro , Cepeda-Morales Jushiro
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In Mexico, 16 rivers directly discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. The Mexican rivers and those coming from the United States generate large regions in which phytoplanktonic primary production possesses a seasonal component that is linked to these nutrient-rich freshwater inputs. In the present study, new flow and daily nutrient data were obtained for the largest Mexican rivers. These data were integrated as forcing factors in a configuration of the hydrodynamic Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity model coupled to an N2PZD2 biogeochemical model. To correctly represent biological processes in coastal regions, a biological bottom condition was implemented in the biogeochemical model. With this condition, it was possible to represent remineralization on the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico. We present a 21 year simulation using two different configurations. The first included river forcing, and the second did not consider their influence. The results were validated with satellite images of the surface concentration of chlorophyll and compared with data from previous studies. The coupled model was able to realistically reproduce the seasonal dynamics of primary production in the Gulf of Mexico based on the concentration and distribution of chlorophyll, both at the surface and in the water column. Finally, the physical processes that influence the dynamics of primary production in the deep region and continental shelf of the gulf were defined. In the deep region, primary production was dominated by vertical mixing induced by the passage of cold fronts during winter and mesoscale structures. On the continental shelf, such dynamics were dominated by coastal upwelling and fluvial nutrient contributions.
AQ-Bench: a benchmark dataset for machine learning on global air quality metrics
Authors: Betancourt Clara , Stomberg Timo , Roscher Ribana , Schultz Martin G. , Stadtler Scarlet
Published: June 2021

Abstract. With the AQ-Bench dataset, we contribute to the recent developments towards shared data usage and machine learning methods in the field of environmental science.
The dataset presented here enables researchers to relate global air quality metrics to easy-access metadata and to explore different machine learning methods for obtaining estimates of air quality based on this metadata.
AQ-Bench contains a unique collection of aggregated air quality data from the years 2010–2014 and metadata at more than 5500 air quality monitoring stations all over the world, provided by the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR).
It focuses in particular on metrics of tropospheric ozone, which has a detrimental effect on climate, human morbidity and mortality, as well as crop yields.
The purpose of this dataset is to produce estimates of various long-term ozone metrics based on time-independent local site conditions.
We combine this task with a suitable evaluation metric.
Baseline scores obtained from a linear regression method, a fully connected neural network and random forest are provided for reference and validation.
AQ-Bench offers a low-threshold entrance for all machine learners with an interest in environmental science and for atmospheric scientists who are interested in applying machine learning techniques.
It enables them to start with a real-world problem relevant to humans and nature.
The dataset and introductory machine learning code are available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.30d42b5a87344e82855a486bf2123e9f (Betancourt et al., 2020) and https://gitlab.version.fz-juelich.de/esde/machine-learning/aq-bench (Betancourt et al., 2021).
AQ-Bench thus provides a blueprint for environmental benchmark datasets as well as an example for data re-use according to the FAIR principles.
Dynamic characteristics of the gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage considering friction effects
Authors: Wang Xinran , Li Wen , Hu Dongxu , Dai Xingjian , Chen Haisheng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The tooth surface friction effects and the resulting
tooth surface contact temperature are important factors for the dynamic
characteristics of a gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage (CAES). Therefore, a 3∘ of freedom finite-element model of the system is set up in which the lubrication state of the gear pair, tooth surface
friction, contact temperature of the tooth surface, backlash and unbalanced excitation are considered. The friction coefficient is calculated according
to the variation of the lubrication state, and the tooth surface contact temperature is derived based on the friction coefficient. The tooth profile deformation
caused by the change in the contact temperature is calculated, and the resulting effects on backlash and comprehensive meshing stiffness are
considered. The influence of rotating speed, torque load and viscosity of
lubricating oil on the system response is studied, and the variation of
the friction coefficient, flash temperature of the tooth surface, pressure of the tooth surface and so on are discussed in detail. The results indicate that when
the friction coefficient is derived according to the variation of the lubrication state, the variation of the contact temperature of the tooth surface
with rotating speed is quite different from that calculated based on a friction coefficient which is set artificially. This leads to a new variation
of the dynamic response of the gear-rotor system, and the method of stabilizing the operation of the system is put forward based on the optimization curve
for the operation of the system. The results obtained in this paper will
provide a reference for the study and design of a gear-rotor system in CAES.
Estimating subpixel turbulent heat flux over leads from MODIS thermal infrared imagery with deep learning
Authors: Yin Zhixiang , Li Xiaodong , Ge Yong , Shang Cheng , Li Xinyan , Du Yun , Ling Feng
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The turbulent heat flux (THF) over
leads is an important parameter for climate change monitoring in the Arctic
region. THF over leads is often calculated from satellite-derived ice
surface temperature (IST) products, in which mixed pixels containing both
ice and open water along lead boundaries reduce the accuracy of calculated
THF. To address this problem, this paper proposes a deep residual
convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework to estimate THF over
leads at the subpixel scale (DeepSTHF) based on remotely sensed images. The
proposed DeepSTHF provides an IST image and the corresponding lead map with
a finer spatial resolution than the input IST image so that the subpixel-scale THF can be estimated from them. The proposed approach is verified
using simulated and real Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
images and compared with the conventional cubic interpolation and
pixel-based methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based
method can effectively estimate subpixel-scale information from the coarse
data and performs well in producing fine-spatial-resolution IST images and
lead maps, thereby providing more accurate and reliable THF over leads.
A retrospective and prospective view of orofacial myology
Authors:   University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Mason Robert
Published: June 2021

Orofacial myofunctional disorders include specific conditions or behaviors that can have a negative impact on oral postures and functions. Historically, interest has focused on behaviors in the horizontal plane, highlighted by tongue thrusting. Currently, the scope of practice also includes tongue forward posturing, lip incompetence, open mouth rest posture, thumb and finger sucking, bruxism, and biting habits involving lips, fingers, tongue and cheeks. The common denominator for myofunctional conditions is a change in the inter-dental arch vertical rest posture dimension, the dental freeway space. The purposes of myofunctional therapy include normalizing the freeway space dimension by eliminating noxious habits or postures related to freeway space change. Improving cosmesis with a lips-together rest posture is also an important treatment goal. The clinical significance of the freeway space is explained in terms of the dental consequences of differential eruption patterns that can develop from postural modification of the freeway space. When the freeway space is opened for extended periods beyond the normal range, the tongue can act as a functional appliance and contribute to the development of anterior open bite or a Class II malocclusion. A clinical procedure is proposed for evaluating the freeway space dimension and incorporating the information into treatment planning and evaluation of treatment success. While dentistry/orthodontics has a primary focus on dental occlusion, or teeth-together relationships, orofacial myologists focus on teeth-apart behaviors and postures that can lead to, or have already resulted in malocclusion.
The effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy combined with an occlusal splint on signs and symptoms in a man with TMD-hypermobility: case study
Authors:   University of São Paulo, de Felício Claudia , Freitas Rosana , Bataglion César
Published: June 2021

Exercise therapy has been indicated for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but few reports are available about the effect of orofacial myofunctional therapy, which includes working with stomatognathic functions, in patients with TMD. A 49-year-old man with a diagnosis of TMD-hypermobility and orofacial myofunctional disorders received combined treatment with orofacial myofunctional therapy and an occlusal splint. Clinical evaluation and the scale of symptom severity after 9 treatment sessions and during follow-up compared to the phase before treatment suggested that treatment was of great benefit. We conclude that the combination of orofacial myofunctional therapy and an occlusal splint can be beneficial for patients with TMD-hypermobility. However, since this was a single case, further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Performing vulnerability: On performance writing and improvisation
Authors: Perry Indigo
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I am reflecting on Entwinement, an improvisational live performance by myself, a writer, and my collaborator, musician Andrew Darling, appearing as a performance art act called Illuminous. Performances by Illuminous involve live improvised trumpet playing and poetic text created live and projected digitally in the performance space. Entwinement was included in Spectral Harmonies, an umbrella event of the Australasian Association of Writing Programs (AAWP) Annual Conference in 2015. In documenting and reflecting on the performance in terms of practice-led research, I make observations about improvisational writing and the genre of performance writing, and I suggest that this performance became an experience of performative dissonance and embodied vulnerability for myself and my collaborator. This had cascading effects on the event, inadvertently adding elements of artistic and social dissonance to those that were intentional in the work.
De la sensibilidad a la performatividad. La teoría de lo camp de Susan Sontag revisitada desde una perspectiva hispánica
Authors: Ingenschay Dieter
Published: June 2021

El concepto de «camp» planteado por Sontag fue un hito para la crítica cultural internacional así como su ensayo, que también tuvo una gran resonancia en el mundo hispanohablante. En este trabajo se examinan, a modo de ejemplo, las reacciones de dos intelectuales que se ocuparon tempranamente de las Notas sobre lo camp de Sontag: el español Jaime Gil de Biedma, que relaciona el contexto del comportamiento típicamente gay en su país (el «tener pluma») con las tesis de Sontag y el mexicano Carlos Monsiváis, que reflexiona sobre estas notas en relación con la situación histórica y sociocultural de un país latinoamericano. Mientras que estos críticos relacionan lo «camp» con las condiciones de sus propios países, el argentino José Amícola interpreta «camp» como fenómeno del postmodernismo internacional. A modo de conclusión, se plantea el papel de este concepto en el debate sobre el SIDA y la relevancia del «conscious camp» en el siglo XXI.
Dieter Ingenschay (Ed.) (2018). Eventos del deseo. Sexualidades minoritarias en las culturas/literaturas de España y Latinoamérica a finales del siglo XX, Bibliotheca Ibero-americana. 271 páginas
Authors: Navarro Gaviño Álvaro
Published: June 2021

El título «Eventos del deseo. Sexualidades minoritarias en las culturas/literaturas de España y Latinoamérica a finales del siglo XX»  es el resultado de una discusión convocada en Berlín en julio de 2014, en la que se reunieron personas dedicadas a la investigación de muy diversas procedencias. El objetivo principal era trabajar los papeles y funciones de las sexualidades minoritarias en un período en el que se produjeron decisivos cambios socio-culturales y que merecían ser discutidos de manera minuciosa. La combinación grupal de una serie de voces de origen variado constituye, según el editor del libro Dieter Ingenschay, el método más interesante para analizar toda una serie de cartografías políticas después de la caída del Muro de Berlín y del fin de las dictaduras, que permitieron, tan sólo inicialmente, el comienzo de las transiciones.

Las contribuciones de este volumen presentan un conjunto de relatos heterogéneos y exhaustivos que tienen como objeto de estudio principal a aquellas sexualidades «marginalizadas» que se hicieron eco al final del pasado siglo y el inicio del nuevo milenio. A través de un total de dieciséis capítulos, se expresan una variedad considerable de contextos, subjetividades y posiciones, una continua convergencia entre artes, medios, prácticas simbólicas y teorías críticas que dialogan entre sí y palpitan con los debates políticos, las preocupaciones sociales y las creaciones culturales para informarnos de las tensiones que existían en determinados eventos del deseo (sobre todo, homosexual). De manera general, dichos artículos abordan la paradójica relación entre la resistencia y la disolución que las fuerzas aliadas experimentaron a la vez que proliferaba cierta representatividad en la literatura y la cultura visual. Sin embargo, también proporcionan claves para entender que la rearticulación y reconfiguración de esta radicalidad sexual, expresada y ligada a la no-reproducción biológica o simbólica.
Pedro Adrián Zuluaga (2020). Todas las cosas y ninguna. En busca de Fernando Molano Vargas. Editorial Planeta Colombiana. 205 páginas
Authors: Carta Massimiliano
Published: June 2021

Reseña de la biografia de Fernando Molano Vargas, escrita por Pedro Adrián Zuluaga: Todas las cosa y ninguna. En busca de Fernando Bolaño Vargas.