bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Variations In Teaching Skills of Tutors and Learning Motivation of Learning Package C Citizens In SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman
Authors: Dilia Reschia Nofour , Irmawita Irmawita
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to find out the picture and also the relationship between the skills of applying variations in tutor teaching and the learning motivation of residents studying Package C at SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman. This research uses a correlational quantitative approach. The population of this research is all students registered in the package C pursuit program at SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman for the 2023/2024 academic year, namely 72 people. The sampling technique in this research was carried out using cluster random sampling, so the total sample that the researchers took was 50 residents studying package C at SPNF Kota Pariaman. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire format and a list of statements as a data collection tool, the data analysis technique uses percentages to find correlations using the product moment formula. The results of this research are: 1.) Skills in applying variations in tutor teaching to students studying at SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman are classified as less than optimal, 2.) Motivation of students studying Package C at SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman is classified as less than optimal and 3.) There is a significant relationship between skills in applying variations in tutor teaching with learning motivation for residents studying Package C at SPNF SKB Kota Pariaman.Keywords: Variasi Mengajar, Motivasi Belajar, SKB.
Public Reading In Improving The Ability To Read, Write, Count (Calistung) In Sunday Learning
Authors: Alviansyah Muhammad Rafli , Karwati Lilis , Novitasari Nastiti
Published: December 2024

The problems faced by parents towards their children who have difficulty in providing an understanding of learning in school, so there must be an effort, one of which is through the Sunday Teaching Program initiated by the Community Reading Gardens to improve learning skills in reading, writing and counting (Calistunng). The purpose of this research is to find out the efforts of Taman Bacaan Masyarakat in improving children's literacy and numeracy. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. Data collection techniques through observation interviews and documentation. The results of the field findings that the Baitul Mu'minin Community Reading Garden (TBM) in an effort to improve reading, writing and counting skills (calistung) in children through the Sunday Teaching program carry out interesting activities ranging from: (1) activities to read books one sheet per session, (2) free tutoring, (3) attracting children's interest in reading by reading books together, then the book is read by the tutor, (4) creating a comfortable and pleasant learning atmosphere, through the use of learning media, (5) as well as a varied collection of reading books so as to attract children's interest in learning. TBM Baitul Mu'minin handles learning activities with a playful approach and becomes an alternative choice for the community, especially parents, to help their children improve their learning skills. In conclusion, the efforts of community reading garden in improving calistung, the results can help children improve their ability to read, write, count better and increase.
Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines and Engineering Education in Modern Higher Education
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Melnikova Nataliia E. , Boklagov Evgenii N. ,   Dubna State University
Published: December 2024

Modern digital society grapples with existential questions no less than those faced during previous states and social transformations. Fundamental inquiries about human existence, the meaning of life, and purpose in activity are increasingly resonating within a consumer-driven society. The recognition of the challenges posed by a technogenic civilization compels us to focus on social institutions capable of formulating and systematically implementing responses that adequately address these challenges. The digital environment, which dictates the demand for engineers, does not negate concerns about the human aspects inherent in professionals – namely, university graduates. This is substantively reflected in, and communicated through, the curriculum of social and humanitarian disciplines. This article examines the experiences derived from domestic and foreign research regarding the place and role of social and humanitarian disciplines in the professional preparation of engineering students. Based on the large-scale material of the above mentioned research results published in scientific journals and conference proceedings, a comparative analysis of humanization and boosting of the humanities practices in engineering education is carried out, common and special approaches are identified, trends and problem blocks are outlined.
Housing Policy of the Soviet Power in the Context of the Reform Activities of N.S. Khrushchev
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Lushin Alexander I. , Levkin Mikhail S. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The aim of this study is to expand the range of existing knowledge regarding the methods of implementation of housing policy during the tenure of N.S. Khrushchev as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1953 to 1964. The information obtained contributes to a deeper understanding of the process of implementing housing reform in one of the largest agglomerations of the country – Leningrad. The housing policy of the Soviet power during this period can be regarded as a peculiar reflection of the social policies of the CPSU and the reformist activities of its leadership. Its main task was to provide the Soviet people, albeit inexpensive, but nevertheless, free and relatively comfortable housing. Despite the fact that the housing program of the Soviet power primarily focused on large cities and industrial centers, it significantly alleviated the acute housing problem both nationwide and within the cultural capital of the Soviet Union. The main goal of this research is to study the models and methods of addressing the housing issue proposed by the First Secretary of the CPSU, which found practical embodiment in the city on the Neva River.
The Newspaper “Raboche-Krest’yanskaya Pravda” in the 1920s: Pre-Collective Farm Peasant Life
Authors:   Ilya Ulyanov State Pedagogical University, Mukhamedov Rashit A. , Akhtyamov Dinar I. ,   Ilya Ulyanov State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the events of peasant farming in the 1920s, which were written about by the county newspaper “Raboche-Krest’yanskaya Pravda”. The study of the history of peasant press facilitates the elucidation of the profound meanings underlying social transformations in the country, as well as the deliberate activities of party and state authorities during the examined period. Valuable information has been obtained from documents dated to the 1920s stored in the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region (SAUR), particularly within the collection of the Ulyanovsk Province Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). The primary source utilized for the preparation of this article is the district newspaper “Raboche-Krest’yanskaya Pravda”, which served as the printed organ of the Melekess City Committee of the AUCP (b), the District Executive Committee of the Soviets, and the Professional Bureau (from 1918 to 1920, the newspaper was titled “Znamya Kommunizma”; from 1920 to 1930, it was known as “Raboche-Krest’yanskaya Pravda”; from 1965 to 2007, it was called “Znamya Truda”; and since 2007, it has been “Melekesskiye Vesti”). The newspaper was published eight times a month and sold for five kopecks per issue. The newspaper was published 8 times a month and cost 5 kopecks per issue. The methodological basis of this study relies on general scientific and specifically historical methods, including historicism, systemic analysis, and objectivity. The article extensively employs the ideographic method of historical science, which allows for a detailed description of events and phenomena.
Chinese Culture as a Vector of Social Transformations
Authors:   Ural State Pedagogical University, Zavyalova Natalia A. , Mironova Tatyana N. ,   Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: December 2024

The article is part of a research program aimed at understanding the cultural foundations of Chinese civilization. The main thesis of the article is the idea that cultural transformations at each step of the development of Chinese civilization are accompanied by economic and political transformations. Chinese culture is designed to indicate the vectors of development relevant to each historical stage. The article interprets an exhibition of children’s drawings in which schoolchildren dream of the future of China in 2035. Following the logic of agonality – competitiveness, the Chinese set ambitious goals while maintaining cultural continuity. Chinese culture reveals a direct connection with language, embodied in the very concept of “culture” in Chinese. Culture has always accompanied and continues to accompany large-scale social transformations in this country.
The Role of the Bachelorette Party in the Structure of the Northern Russian Wedding as a Dynamic System
Authors:   Northeastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Egovtseva Maria A. , Pilnikova Anastasia Yu. ,   Northeastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov
Published: December 2024

This article examines the culture of the wedding ceremony, its most important qualities, the structure of one of its stages – the bachelorette party, the features of its holding in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions. It describes a special song genre used during the bachelorette party and characteristic of the Russian North – the ritual lamentations. The main research attention in the article is focused on the semantics and musical code of this part of the wedding rite. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of unique aspects of the bachelorette party as part of the tradition and a comprehensive analysis of its meaning and folklore accompaniment. Unlike the existing works on these issues, the focus will be on the relationship between musical elements and cultural connotations, as well as on the role of the bachelorette party in the formation of collective identity. The article considers the transformations of the ritual phenomenon in the context of globalization, which contributes to understanding the dynamics of traditional practices and their adaptation in a modern context. The undertaken research fills an existing gap in folklore and cultural science, opening up new perspectives for the study of rituals and their significance in modern society.
The Cognitive Potential of the Metabola of Modern Philosophy (Based on the Texts of the Speculative Realism)
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Lukyanenko Anton A.
Published: December 2024

The subject of the article is the metabola, which is considered not just as a figure of speech, but as a methodological technique for revealing specific aspects of phenomena studied in philosophy. The author notes that the study of metabolites has not been widely used in philosophy, consideration of these techniques is more often paid attention in connection with specific poetic works or translingual literature, and some researchers do not single them out as an independent trope. Nevertheless, the author believes that thanks to representatives of such a modern trend of philosophy as speculative realism, metabolites began to acquire a specific cognitive function in the text, which in the future may become the basis for the development of new philosophical methods. The cognitive function of the metabola, in some texts of representatives of speculative realism, manifests itself as a form of transmission that does not have an exact conceptual expression and, often, the antinomic emotional content of the theses underlying philosophical concepts and systems. Moreover, we are talking not about the formal disclosure of emotion, about its deconstruction in order to predict and discover new forms of philosophical reflection.
Typology of In-Demand Sports Infrastructure for the Population of the Far North: Case Study of the Kamchatka Krai
Authors:   Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Krylova Anastasiya T.
Published: December 2024

Currently, the regulatory and legal framework does not include the collection of data on the types of sports facilities that are relevant to the population. However, sports infrastructure plays a crucial role in engaging the population in systematic physical activity and sports. The aim of this study is to identify directions for the development of sports infrastructure in Kamchatka Krai, taking into account the needs of the population and the actual provision of facilities. Methodology and Organization of the Study: analysis of regulatory and legal documents, including the federal statistical observation form 1-FK; a survey questionnaire; correspondence analysis; and the examination of regulatory and legal documents including the federal statistical observation form 1-FK, along with surveying and correspondence analysis methods. The analysis of the data from form 1-FK regarding the main indicators of sports infrastructure development has demonstrated a consistent annual growth. The results derived from the analysis of data collected from form 1-FK and the survey process have enabled the identification of sports facilities that are of particular relevance for the population’s engagement in physical activities. The study reveals the types of sports facilities that are in high demand among the residents of Kamchatka Krai, based on official statistical data and survey responses. It is determined that the availability of sports infrastructure within a locality is one of the significant factors that foster the population’s involvement in systematic physical activity and sports.
Research on Coping Strategies of Individuals with Different Locus of Control among Employees of a Closed Production Enterprise
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Pryalukhina Аlla V. , Tsapkov Igor I. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: December 2024

The authors of the article attempt to carry out a theoretical review of the research concerning locus of control and coping behavior strategies. Significant differences have been identified in the indicators of coping strategies among individuals with varying locus of control within the workforce of a closed production enterprise. Notable distinctions were observed regarding the scales measuring self-control and problem-solving planning. Women tend to deliberately suppress and restrain their emotions, analyze situations, and explore possible behavioral alternatives, as well as exhibit a more responsible attitude toward their health compared to men. Moreover, significant differences were discovered in the “Search for Social Support” scale between design engineers and technology engineers. The coping behavior of design engineers in challenging life situations is characterized by their tendency to seek useful information or advice and to receive emotional support and understanding from family members and colleagues. The significant differences observed in the “Responsibility for Health” scale indicate that women are more likely to perceive themselves as responsible for their health and generally monitor it more diligently than men. The findings of this study will facilitate further research into the structural relationships between coping strategies and locus of control among male and female employees of a closed production enterprise. Additionally, these results can be utilized to develop training programs aimed at alleviating emotional stress.
Universal Social Mechanism for Forming Trust: Structure and Implementation Approaches
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Trunova Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents an analysis of approaches to studying the effectiveness of social mechanisms for the trust formation (economic, pedagogical, managerial approaches). The aim of the study was the formation of the author’s approach to trust management through investigation of criteria for assessing effectiveness of social mechanisms for forming trust, as well as their description for the development of the universal social mecha-nism applicable to sociological research on the topic of trust. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were ad-dressed: defining criteria for assessing trust, analyzing the results and developing structural, systemic and pro-cess-functional approaches to the formation and implementation of the universal social mechanism for form-ing of trust. General scientific methods of cognition such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and the method of comparison were employed. A comprehensive approach to studying the problem was ap-plied. A system of criteria was defined for assessing effectiveness of social mechanisms for forming trust.
Inclusive Technologies as a Factor in the Development of a Modern Inclusive Society
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Fedorova Ekaterina D.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the important role of modern technologies in creating a more accessible and fair socie-ty. It examines how inclusive technologies, such as educational and communication programs, employment solutions, and access to information, assist people with disabilities in overcoming barriers and realizing their potential. The article emphasizes that inclusive technologies are pivotal in shaping a more just and accessible world for all. Inclusive technologies not only provide access to information but also remove barriers, empower-ing people with disabilities to participate fully in all aspects of life. This includes access to education, employ-ment, transportation, public spaces, and technology. By fostering an environment where everyone can thrive, inclusive technologies contribute to the overarching goal of social inclusion and equity.
Current Cybersecurity Issues in Russia: Global and National Aspects
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Pishchik Victor Ya. , Alekseev Petr V. ,   Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

One of the key problems of the world community at present is the unprecedented exacerbation of the problem of cybercrime, which leads to the growth of cyber risks and cyber threats to the activities of the subjects of the global economy. In Russia, there is currently an increase in cybercrime. The relevance of this study is under-scored by the necessity to investigate cybersecurity issues in Russia and to address these problems for the purpose of ensuring sustainable socio-economic development in the country. The aim of this article is to sys-tematize the types of information risks and factors contributing to the growth of cyber threats in Russia and globally, which exert a destructive impact on the financial and economic stability at both national and global levels. The research methodology includes structuring, comparison, generalization, systemic, economic, institu-tional, logical analysis. Based on the findings of the study, the authors conclude that modern cybercrime largely possesses a transnational character, and the manifestation of escalating risks undermines the financial and economic sovereignty of countries worldwide. This situation necessitates the need of creation of institutions that promote the assurance of cybersecurity in Russia and other countries of the world.
Public Information Systems Management: Value Engineering Analysis
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Fedoseev Danil S. , Neroslov Alexey D. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Mokhov Viktor P. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Mitrofanova Inna V. ,   Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Volgograd State University
Published: December 2024

This study applied value engineering analysis to optimize the development process of a state information sys-tem for “Permstat”. The main objective was to reduce development costs without losing system functionality. The information system is designed to automate the handling of regulatory documents, document manage-ment, and provide staff with quick access to relevant legal acts, significantly simplifying the information dis-semination process. A functional-structural model was developed for the analysis, which includes 37 functions and 22 modules. These elements were decomposed, and their importance was assessed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), allowing for the calculation of both local and global weights. Local weights reflect the importance of a function at a particular hierarchical level, while global weights show its significance in the con-text of the entire project. Two iterations of ideal functional modeling were conducted to improve functions and modules. As a result, development costs were reduced by 12.5 %, with overall project savings, including all changes, reaching 8 %. These findings demonstrate that value engineering analysis is an effective tool for re-ducing costs in information system development, ensuring high practical value.
Improving the Efficiency of the Company’s Activities in the Context of the Digital Economy of Russia
Authors:   Naberezhnye Chelny Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Yurasova Olga I.
Published: December 2024

The development of industrial enterprises requires new approaches to management and adaptation to modern trends. The rapid development and dissemination of digital technologies have a profound impact on the land-scape of production processes and the business models employed. The priority task of any modern enterprise is to identify and reduce losses, as this is the basis for successful activity. The “Lean Manufacturing” system effectively addresses this task, as its objective also lies in improving the efficiency of enterprise activities. The developed methodology of “strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise by increasing the profitability of the project of pre-production and release of automotive components” allows at the stage of technological design not only to obtain information for quality management of the automotive component, but also to prevent potential losses, that is, to increase the profitability of the project. Thus, the use of digital technologies is of great importance for improving the efficiency of enterprises, their competitiveness and profitability. This becomes a prerequisite for their successful work in the modern world.
Application of Problem-Oriented Approach in Reforming Football Organizations in Russia
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kireenkov Ivan D.
Published: December 2024

The article delves into the analysis of the application of the problem-oriented approach in the process of re-forming football organizations in Russia. The relevance of this method in the context of modern challenges facing Russian football is considered. Particular attention is paid to the issue of declining attendance at Russian Premier League matches, which illustrates the need for change. The author explores key aspects of the prob-lem-oriented approach, including analyzing the causes of existing problems, developing targeted strategies and implementing innovative solutions. Using a problem-oriented approach, the article discusses potential ways to increase the efficiency of football organizations, improve the quality of the game and strengthen com-munication with fans. Measures for adaptation to the changing conditions of the sports industry are proposed. The authors conclude that the application of a problem-oriented approach can become a key factor in the suc-cessful reform and development of football organizations in Russia.
Citizenship of a Private Investor: Problems of Determining State Affiliation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Kushnir Zhanna M.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the necessity to study the problem of determining the national affiliation of a private investor in the presence of dual or multiple citizenship, issues of qualification of such person as a foreign investor, which directly affects the investor’s ability to initiate consideration of a dispute against the host state in the international investment arbitration court. The subject of the article is a study of the arbitration practice of considering investment disputes under the ICSID rules and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, in particular, on the question of whether an investor with citizenship of the States parties to an investment agreement has the right to apply to the court with claims against the host state, provided that there is no condi-tion in the investment agreement resolving the issue of citizenship according to which criteria, when consider-ing investment disputes, arbitration courts apply the rule of effective citizenship in determining jurisdiction, and whether the investor should prove the existence of stronger ties with the state of origin. The topic reflects the problem of determining the investor’s state affiliation when the latter has two or more nationalities when con-sidering disputes arising from investment relations. The aim is to analyze the differences between the rules of ICSID and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules concerning the determination of an investor’s citizenship according to the principle of effective nationality, the implications for the competence of arbitration courts, and the conclu-sions regarding which provisions on establishing an investor’s state affiliation should be included in the in-vestment agreement, taking into account the ICSID rules, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, and national legisla-tion governing citizenship issues. The methodology employed includes comparative, formal-legal, and analyti-cal methods.
Obligations with Non-Property Content: On the Need for Legal Recognition
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Burdin Konstantin K.
Published: December 2024

Currently, the academic discourse surrounding the issue of obligations with non-property content has not reached a consensus, largely due to its underexplored nature. One of the fundamental problems of obligation law pertains to the existence of such obligations and, consequently, the organizational legal relationships that arise from them. The lack of recognition of these obligations results in a fragmented legal framework govern-ing organizational relations, particularly evident in contracts between transport organizations, which are funda-mentally a subtype of organizational contracts that stem from obligations characterized by non-property con-tent. This article elucidates the principal features of such obligations, substantiating their categorical differentia-tion and providing an authorial definition. Furthermore, it argues for the possibility and necessity of their legal acknowledgment. In light of these considerations, a proposal is put forth for the amendment of legislation con-cerning the regulation of non-personal, non-property (organizational) relationships emerging from obligations with non-property content. The examination undertaken herein aims to provide clarity and coherence in the realms of obligation law and organizational relationships, advocating for a systematic approach in the regulato-ry framework to enhance legal certainty and facilitate the proper functioning of entities involved in such obliga-tions.
Labor Migrant Status and Job Satisfaction of Employees of a Regional Industrial Enterprise (YANAО, KНMAO-YUGRA)
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Management of the Ural Federal University  named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Britvina Irina B. , Kostina Anastasiia N. ,   Institute of Economics and Management of the Ural Federal University  named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the job satisfaction of workers at industrial enterprises of the YANAО and KНMAO-YUGRA, who have the status of labor migrants. In conditions of economic instability and a volatile labor market, the mi-gration status of an employee becomes especially relevant for studying staff satisfaction. The authors highlight the main aspects that determine the level of job satisfaction: prestige, working conditions, labor pay, workforce, career opportunities, as well as social guarantees and benefits. The article includes the results of a survey (N = 39 068) conducted among employees of an industrial enterprise from among the permanent population of the region (locals), as well as employees who came to work from other regions and countries (labor migrants). The results obtained can be used not only in the field of labor sociology, but also in economic and demographic studies. Analyzing labor migration and its impact on employee satisfaction is a significant issue that requires further investigation, as it may contribute to improving the quality of life for workers and enhancing overall eco-nomic efficiency.
Volunteer Activity in the View of Student Youth: Regional Aspect (On the Example of Penza Region)
Authors:   Penza State University, Eremina Ekaterina V. , Retinskaya Vera N. ,   Penza State University
Published: December 2024

Recently, the volunteer movement has been gaining popularity in Russian society, which is becoming an im-portant component of civil society. This trend is corroborated by monitoring studies conducted by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTSIOM), which indicate a steady increase in the number of individuals engaged in volunteer activities. Volunteering among young people is of particular importance, as it not only contributes to solving social problems, but also has a positive impact on young people, contributing to their personal growth and development. The results of a survey carried out by the authors among student youth revealed that the concept of “volunteering” elicits predominantly positive associations among respondents. The overwhelming majority of young individuals associate volunteer activity with notions such as “selfless assis-tance”, “charity”, and “public engagement during leisure time”. Based on the data obtained, the authors con-clude that student youth is willing to participate in volunteer projects, despite the fact that many of them lack prior experience in this area. Among students, the most appealing opportunities lie in organizing and conduct-ing various mass events in the fields of science, culture, and education. This finding indicates the presence of an untapped potential among “future” volunteers. It is noteworthy that the ongoing youth policy and educational work of universities should contribute to the active involvement of student youth in volunteer activities.
Unification in the Russian Education System in the Context of Globalization
Authors:   Institute of Sociology – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian  Academy of Sciences, Korosteleva Larisa Yu.
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the investigation of the phenomenon of unification as an intrinsic component of globali-zation. It examines the areas of social existence where unification has become prevalent in modern society. The analysis highlights the vectors of societal transformation under the influence of unification and elucidates the risks associated with these processes. A number of examples from various areas of human activity-such as the economy, law, medicine, and culture-demonstrate where unification has become an indispensable ele-ment. The study further explores unification processes within education by examining uniform requirements for educational programs under the Federal State Educational Standards (FGOS) and the creation of unified text-books. It is emphasized that both unification and diversity coexist within the sphere of Russian education. The participants in the educational process exhibit a cautious acceptance of unification initiatives. The practical sig-nificance of this research lies in its potential to serve as a foundational basis for further exploration of the phe-nomenon of unification in education.
Structural Orientations of Chinese Sociology in the Study of Social Differentiation
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Miniazhev Timur R. , Hui Zhao ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University
Published: December 2024

In this article, the authors attempt to present the current structural orientations of Chinese sociology in the study of social differentiation. Reform policies have always taken into account China’s key problem – the social divi-sion between urban and rural populations. The bifurcated urban-rural structure is the root cause of most of the deep contradictions that have been gradually overcome over the past 45 years. All specialists in the study of social differentiation in the PRC point out the need for a structural approach, which best shows the changes in the ratio of different strata, as well as the tremendous reshaping of the PRC’s social structure. Chinese social science thought has gradually developed and strengthened in terms of large-scale sociological research con-ducted by the Institute of Sociology of China. Entire research schools emerged under the leadership of promi-nent scholars: the school of sociologist Lu Xueyi and the school of Li Peilin, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Both schools have greatly enriched sociological theory with their research and established a number of very important problems in urban-rural social differentiation.
The Role of System-Value Thinking in the Social Process
Authors:   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Sergeeva Anzhelika I.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study of system-value thinking is due to the development of digital technology, globaliza-tion, which change the socio-cultural life and value orientation. Modern processes necessitate research atten-tion to the search for new directions in human social development and management of this process. The article analyzes the system-value thinking, considered not only as a form of cognitive activity, but also as an integra-tion process, which allows to take into account different connections between elements, to predict the mutual influence of factors, to identify existing patterns, within the system on an axiological basis. It is argued that sys-tem-value thinking is a person’s ability to typologize different processes, the skill of forming a holistic vision of a certain situation, the ability to use cognitive methods and evaluate the decisions made. In practical terms, the following functions of system-value thinking have been identified: worldview, socio-axiological, managerial, integrative. It is emphasized that it acts as an organizing, regulating and harmonizing factor of social processes. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the study to draw up man-agement programs, in the definition of competencies and as a basis for the introduction of interdisciplinary approach in education.
The North Caucasus in Search of Identities: Historical and Sociological Discourse
Authors:   Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedosova Elena V.
Published: December 2024

Based on the content analysis of social networks, the article examines the structure and dynamics of identities (civil, ethnic and confessional) in the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District. The modern identification structure is a system of multiple mechanisms that allow an individual to build his own identification matrix in the modern social space. The multiplicity of identification mechanisms poses to any society, however, as well as to any state, the intractable task of forming and defining the collective identity of community members, therefore, scientific analysis and systematization of the identification matrices of Russian society are relevant and justi-fied. The data obtained during the content analysis make it possible to fix the presence of a system of multi-layered identities among the North Caucasian respondents, among which ethnic, confessional or civil identity is just one of the components of the identity multilayering. All this indicates that against the background of the growth of ethnic and confessional self-awareness, the understanding of the “national” in the Caucasian worldview is becoming more complicated.
The Study of AI as a Social Construct
Authors:   RUDN University, Gudkova Yana A. , Tupikova Vera A. ,   RUDN University
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) in sociological science is a multifaceted object for study. Rapidly developing technolo-gy encourages sociologists and specialists in related fields to pay attention to various research issues (social risks and consequences, ethical and legal aspects of using AI, social interaction between humans and ma-chines, etc.). Thus, modern approaches to understanding AI can be divided into three groups: AI as a social construct, AI as a socio-technical phenomenon, AI as a social agent. The article presents the stages of studying artificial intelligence in the social sciences: from an exclusively technical context to a social phenomenon. In addition, a methodological approach to the study of AI in the sociological field (AI as a methodological tool) is highlighted. The article attempts to take a deeper look at artificial intelligence through the prism of the theory of social construction and identify the advantages of the theory for further study of AI.
Modernization of Healthcare in Russia and Necessary Changes in the Institutional Framework for Regulating Medical Activities
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Sigal Anatoliy V.
Published: December 2024

The discrepancy between healthcare and the optimal system of principles for organizing its activities is a press-ing problem for domestic healthcare, which entails the need to modernize healthcare. Modernization, aimed at bringing healthcare into line with the optimal system of principles for organizing activities, should be compre-hensive and begin with changes in the legislation regulating medical activities. The essence of ideas about the social value provided by healthcare is analyzed from the standpoint of economic theory and Russian legisla-tion. Some necessary changes to the legislation regulating medical activity are formulated. The proposed changes to the legislation will allow for such a modernization of Russian healthcare that will implement an op-timal system of principles for organizing healthcare activities and ensure the highest possible quality of health (and medical care) provided to the entire society and each citizen with the best use of the limited resources available to healthcare and its institutions.
Households in the Murmansk Region: Statistical Analysis of Socio-Economic Status
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies – Subdivision of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Acade-my  of Sciences, Korchak Elena A.
Published: December 2024

Modern issues of household research are inseparably associated with the need for a multifaceted analysis of their conditions in the context of actualization of regional concepts of sustainable development. The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, is a statistical analysis of the socio-economic condi-tions of households in the Arctic region, using the Murmansk region as an example. By applying statistical analysis methods, the study determined that differences in the distribution of households according to their socio-economic status are influenced by such factors as the type of locality and the presence of children. It was revealed that the primary challenges faced by families in the Murmansk region are associated with cramped living conditions and the unsatisfactory state of the medical services. Moreover, the analysis identified income differentiation among households based on the number of individuals within them, as well as their employ-ment status and educational attainment. Additionally, prevalent forms of deprivation among households in the Murmansk region were identified. The necessity for updating scientific and practical recommendations aimed at improving the welfare of households in the Russian Arctic regions underscores the prospects for further re-search.
The Defender’s Activities in Appealing the Application of Detention as a Measure of Restraint
Authors:   Kuban State University Krasnodar, Rudakova Svetlana V.
Published: December 2024

The study examines certain characteristics of the defender’s activities in contesting the application of detention as a measure of restraint, highlighting the low effectiveness rates associated with this procedural endeavor, which underscores the relevance of the chosen subject matter. An active procedural stance taken by the de-fender, filing appeals on behalf of the accused, taking measures to advance these appeals within the proce-dural field, using all judicial instances, formulating arguments, substantiating claims, submitting documents to the court, and participating in hearings constitute vital and substantial components of their professional duties and serve as an effective means to ensure the efficiency of the appeals process. Based on the results of the study, a number of conclusions are made. Specifically, the term “powers” in relation to the defender is identi-fied as a poor example of legislative technique due to its failure to reflect the defender’s actual procedural posi-tion. Furthermore, the title of Article 53 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation contradicts its content, indicating the need for amendment. It is argued that the procedural opportunities of the defender should be referred to as “rights” within the framework of the criminal procedural law. In addition, based on the results of the analysis, the author’s understanding of the defender’s right to appeal the measure of restraint in the form of detention is given.
Revolutionary Legal Consciousness as the Basis of Legal Regulation in Soviet Russia in 1920s
Authors:   North Caucasus Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Mikulenok Julia A.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the role of revolutionary legal consciousness as a source of law in the first decade after the establishment of Soviet power. The author identifies the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of revolutionary legal consciousness and the stages of its formation in the 1920s. Particu-lar attention is paid to the essence and evolution of revolutionary legal consciousness. In the course of the re-search the works of V.I. Lenin, P.I. Stuchka, D.I. Kursky, M.A. Reisner, G.M. Portugalov, A.A. Soltz and others were analyzed. The work used analysis, chronological and dialectical methods, as well as the principles of his-toricism and objectivity. Following the establishment of Soviet power there were drastic changes in the legal system, associated with the rejection of the legal experience of overthrown governments and the beginning of the construction of Soviet law, the leading role in which played a revolutionary legal consciousness.
Freelancing as an Involuntary Form of Employment for Young Professionals
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Melnik Anastasiya D. , Antonova Natalya L. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: December 2024

This article casts doubt on the hypothesis regarding the voluntary choice of freelancing as a form of employ-ment and the preservation of independence among individuals engaged in it. The issue under investigation is explored in the domestic literature from the perspective of precarious employment, which is becoming a life-style and enables workers to perform labor tasks independent of specific locations and times. The aim of the article is to analyze freelancing as a form of employment among young professionals. The empirical basis is constituted by a monitoring study of graduates from 2017 to 2023 (n = 8,938) from a large Russian university. The results of the study indicate that freelancing is more frequently used by youth as a supplementary form of employment (16.3 %), underscoring its involuntary nature. The findings reveal low prospects for an increase in the proportion of highly qualified specialists engaged in freelancing, as only 4.7 % of workers use it as their primary means of employment; similar values have been observed over the past seven years of measurement. A typology of employed individuals is proposed: organizational worker, independent worker, and involuntary freelancer. The materials contribute to the advancement of scientific understanding regarding youth employ-ment, particularly freelancing, in the context of a rapidly changing labor market.
“Duality” as a Characteristic Feature of Russian Business Culture
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gavrilenko Olga V.
Published: December 2024

Contemporary concepts of sociology of management are based on the fact that, despite the universalization of managerial practices caused by business internationalization, national culture creates a context of business interaction, adds originality to the national business culture, determines the behavior of employees of a com-pany and has a serious influence on organizational culture and management technologies. Russian business culture has developed along a complex trajectory, sometimes borrowing “advanced” western standards and practices, sometimes turning towards the East, but its constant tendency is to seek own identity, relying on soci-ocultural roots and spiritual-moral values. The author’s understanding of the phenomenon of business culture is presented in the article and on the basis of the analysis the following are highlighted most striking character-istics of Russian business culture can be considered to be the irrationality of management (decision-making based on experience or intuition), duality of the value system (simultaneously the manifestation of collectivism and individualism, masculinity and femininity of culture, acceptance of both “Western” and conservative tradi-tional values), contradictions of “Russian character” (from submission to rebellion, from militancy to mercy and compassion), high power distance, paternalism etc. In general, it is the unique Russian contradiction, “duality”, which becomes the most frequently encountered characteristic of Russian business culture in scientific litera-ture.