bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Need for Mathematics in Business and Industry
Authors: Fugill A. P. , Hulswit W. H. , Winder C. V.
Published: January 2021

A. P. Fugill: The main purpose of this session is to correlate more closely the teaching of mathematics in the high school with the use of mathematics in everyday living. It should be recognized at the start that the high schools can and should teach only the fundamentals of mathematics. It is the function of industry to develop special techniques of use and facility in handling mathematics. The usual high school subjects, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, are useful in varying degrees in the practice of engineering, or for that matter in any industrial and commercial activity. It would be wasteful to bring every student up to the degree of proficiency required in a few specialized fields. The effort in high school teaching, therefore, should be to use mathematics as a means of developing logical reasoning and judgment, rather than as an exercise in memory.
Mathematics of the Aircraft Industry
Authors: Viall John
Published: January 2021

The title of this discussion is a very broad subject and it is impossible to cover it completely. It would require a multi-volumed series to discuss in detail all of the applications of mathematics used in the aircraft industry; I certainly cannot do complete justice to the topic in a reasonable length of time. For this reason, I shall confine my remarks largely to general applications of specific mathematical methods of computing in the engineering of aircraft. Further, I will emphasize the type of work which is applicable to automatic computing equipment.
Elementary Techniques in Maxima and Minima
Authors: Tierney John A.
Published: January 2021

The application of the first derivative in the solution of maxima minima problems is an important topic in a first course in calculus. It is interesting to note that many of the standard textbook problems of this type can be solved without the use of the calculus and require only a knowledge of the mathematics customarily taught in the secondary schools. Whereas the calculus approach is usually quite straightforward, the elementary techniques which are effective vary considerably, some being trivial in nature and others requiring a certain amount of ingenuity.
Historically Speaking,—: Tangible arithmetic II: the sector compasses
Authors: Wood Florence
Published: January 2021

The instrument pictured in Figures 1 and 2 was composed of two rulers, usually brass, hinged, with three or more scales radiating from the pivot on each side of each ruler.
The great Carnot
Authors: Boyer Carl B.
Published: January 2021

Sadi Carnot is celebrated for the Carnot cycle in thermodynamics, and another Sadi Carnot achieved fame as president of the Third French Republic; but “Le Grand Carnot,” heir forefather Lazare Carnot, was eminent both in politics and in mathematics.
These things we believe
Authors: Sueltz Ben A.
Published: January 2021

There are fundamental principles underlying curriculum, construction, teaching, and testing to which every teacher should give some thought. Some of these principles are well-established facts. Others “we believe.”
Mathematical Miscellanea: Perfected Benjamin Franklin Magic squares
Authors: Anema Andrew S.
Published: January 2021

In the original 8th-order magic squares constructed by Benjamin Franklin, the totals of the two main diagonals deviate by -32 and +32, respectively, from the required magic sum 260; and in the 16thorder the corresponding deviations are -128 and +128. Beeause of this imperfection, the squares actually are not magic squares.
Mathematics in the Junior High School: A community approach to general mathematics
Authors: Stubblefield Ethel
Published: January 2021

Fresno's Second Annual Universal Mathematics Tournament was held last April. Everyone—students and adults alike— felt that the occasion was profitable. Almost as soon as the awards were made, plans for staging next year's tournament were being discussed.
Notes from the Washington Office: Some unusual mail
Authors: Ahrendt M. H.
Published: January 2021

As anyone acquainted with the growing program of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics would expect, the Washington office receives a great volume and variety of mail. Although we have not attempted to keep an accurate count, the number of pieces of mail received and worked up by the office staff must be at least 30,000 per year.
Mathematics in New Zealand Schools
Authors: Riske Max
Published: January 2021

While courses may differ, people and their learning problems are alike the world over.
Tips for Beginners: Method—computation—answer
Authors: Jackson Humphrey C.
Published: January 2021

For the past ten or more years I have used, at Grosse Pointe, Michigan, a method which I have found effective in improving the arithmetical solution of verbal problems by junior high school pupils. A regular-sized sheet of notebook paper is ruled into three columns by making a narrow column about one inch wide at the extreme right of the paper, and dividing the balance of the paper into two equal columns.
Notes from the Washington Office
Authors: Ahrendt M. H.
Published: January 2021

Below are the official reports of registrations for four recent meetings of the Council. These reports are not attendance reports in the true sense. They include only persons who registered for the purpose of participating in the meeting. Thus, members of families and casual visitors are not included. Also not included, of course, are persons who may have participated in the convention without registering. It is sincerely hoped that there are not many persons in this latter category.
Memorabilia Mathematica
Authors: Schaaf William L.
Published: January 2021

It is not always given to human beings to live, as we do today, in an era of transition, trembling on the threshhold of an unknown Tomorrow. Nor is it an altogether comfortable feeling. From time to time a Huxley foretells A Brave New World or a George Orwell gives us his Nineteen Eighty-Four. Certain recent and not unrelated developments in mathematics may well furnish a clue to the future. I refer to the contributions of Nicolas Rashevsky and others to the creation of a mathematical sociology; to the work of von Neumann and Morgenstern; and to the science of cybernetics, heralded by Nor bert Wiener, and more widely known as communication processes in animals and machines.
Why Johnny hates math—
Authors: Menger Karl
Published: January 2021

Many difficulties encountered in learning mathematics are caused by a confused system of symbols and terminology
Points and Viewpoints: A new day?
Authors: Hartung Maurice L.
Published: January 2021

A column of unofficial comment
What Minimum of Practical Applications Should be Included in a Course in Arithmetic? What Additional Applications Should be Included for Purposes of Mental Discipline?
Authors: Reed William
Published: January 2021

The subject which you have assigned to this paper is one of extreme importance; much more so than is generally supposed. The development of our foreign trade has brought into sharp comparison the American and foreign born scholar, especially the German, and many business men believe that our own people do not stand the test satisfactorily.
Editorial
Authors: Smith Eugene R. , Babb Maurice J.
Published: January 2021

To define, as the word is ordinarily used in elementary mathematics, is to state precisely the meaning of, or to describe the nature and certain determining properties of the idea defined. To be a good definition the description must be in terms of simpler ideas than the thing defined, and must be sufficiently comprehensive to include every member of its class. It must be inclusive, in that it includes all of the class defined, and exclusive, in that it excludes all others. It is therefore a statement or series of statements of which the converse is also true, otherwise it fails in this exclusiveness. It would be true to say that a horse is a quadruped, but it would not define a horse, as all quadrupeds are not horses.
What Mathematical Subjects Should be Included in the Curriculum of the Secondary Schools
Authors: McKeehan Charles L.
Published: January 2021

I wonder why this is so. However widely opinion may vary as to the value of the study of mathematics as an exercise of mind, surely the great majority of thoughtful persons will agree that arithmetic and algebra and geometry are great and powerful subjects, and that the study of some of these subjects ought to have a place in that limited but vital portion of a boy’s education that is supplied by his scholastic training.
The Curriculum of Mathematics in Secondary Schools
Authors: Evans G. W.
Published: January 2021

The high-school subjects in mathematics are algebra and plane geometry. Changes in content or in method, if any, should be made for purposes that may be enumerated as follows: first, to secure more perfect continuity with the elementary school work; second, to prepare more perfectly for comprehension of mathematical science in general; third, to secure the pupil’s spontaneous interest by giving him as wide command as possible of such utilitarian problems as are likely to enlist his ambition.
Carta-artigo para um ator aprisionado
Authors: Nosé Zeca
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é escrito em formato de carta, endereçada para o ator Bruno Araújo, integrante do grupo Confraria da Serra sediado na Penitenciária de Serra Azul I. O grupo é coordenado por Magno Bucci, que além deste, desenvolve atividades artísticas com o grupo Mulheres de Atenas, na Penitenciária Feminina de Ribeirão Preto. Ao longo da carta-artigo propomos a diferenciação de dois formatos de práticas teatrais que ocorrem dentro da prisão: Teatro entre Presos e Teatro com Presos. Por fim, apresentamos algumas experiências desenvolvidas por Bucci com pessoas aprisionadas e buscamos valorizar a importância artística dos eventos teatrais realizados na prisão, tanto para os atores, como para os espectadores.
Para corroer a cisnormatividade carcerária: o projeto Artetransformando: LGBTQI+ Encarceradxs
Authors: Costa Junior Sérgio , Flôr Vicentina
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um relato sobre o convívio criativo na Penitenciária Evaristo de Moraes, no Rio de Janeiro, com um grupo de pessoas dissidentes sexuais e desobediente de gênero. Com destaque às vivências trans no cárcere, esse texto expõe as táticas de contrabando - do cultivo da beleza, sensibilidade e arte - que visam problematizar a instituição penal como um território de radicalização da violência cisnormativa.
O Teatro entre as grades do patriarcado: privação de liberdade e de experiências em uma prática no regime socioeducativo
Authors: Marques Laís Jacques , Concilio Vicente , Silveira Túlio Fernandes , Machado Flávia
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo visa relatar práticas de pesquisadoras de Teatro com jovens em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas e em privação de liberdade. O mesmo investigará a pedagogia do teatro junto aos jovens nos setores feminino e masculino de uma instituição socioeducativa catarinense, com a perspectiva do entorno do processo: as relações de poder estipuladas e visíveis não só entre internas(os) e funcionárias(os) do centro, como também os motivos que implicaram e interferiram na prática teatral. As opções da ação artístico-pedagógica das oficinas serão exemplificadas a fim de expor o percurso trilhado na prática pedagógica e teatral.
Desejo do teatro no político, desejo do político no teatro e político teatro do desejo
Authors: Vasconcelos Gisele , Aires Lauande
Published: January 2021

O jogo de palavras que mobiliza os termos Teatro, Desejo e Político, propõe uma reflexão no campo da teoria e da prática, do texto e da cena, por meio de três formulações - desejo do teatro no político, desejo do político no teatro e político teatro do desejo – abrindo uma conversa com Guénoun (2003), Rancière (2012) e Benjamin (1994), respectivamente, para pensar os modos de produção e de criação do grupo Xama Teatro (Brasil - MA).
Estendemos nossas memórias ao sol
Authors: Souza Caroline Vetori de
Published: January 2021

A partir de uma oficina de teatro desenvolvida no Presídio Feminino de Florianópolis, com mulheres em situação de privação de liberdade, nasceu a peça Estendemos nossas memórias ao sol. Num dia de chuva, uma criança se depara com o desaparecimento dos avós. Somos convidadas a traçar junto a ela um caminho de busca de (re)encontros. A fábula é entremeada com memórias das atrizes. Uma memória feita de água pode ser transformada numa carta, em um convite para lançar ao sol, para estender no pátio, no solo público que é (ou deveria ser) mundo.
Del pensamiento de Kierkegaard y Rimas de Bécquer a la cosmovisión de Unamuno: la teoría y la práctica del existencialismo español
Authors: Luarsabishvili Vladimer
Published: January 2021

En nuestro artículo intentamos acercarnos al tema del existencialismo español, y a la visión filosófica de Miguel de Unamuno en particular. Entendiendo las razones del filosofar y revisando los vínculos que existen entre la filosofía y la literatura, investigamos los gérmenes del existencialismo romántico (de Sören Kierkegaard) y pre-existencialismo literario (de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer) que cumplen una función precursora del existencialismo filosófico cultivado en los textos de Unamuno, tanto literarios como documentales.

In our article we try to approximate to the theme of spanish existencialism and the views of Miguel de Unamuno in particular. Evaluating the reasons of philosophizing and revising the relation between phylosophy and literature, we investigate the origins of romantic existencialism (of Sören Kierkegaard) and literary pre-existencialism (of Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer) which has the precursor function of phylosophical existencialism cultivated in Unamuno’s literary and documentary texts.
figura del idiota en la filosofía de Gilles Deleuze, considerada a partir de sus fuentes (Cusa, Descartes, Dostoievski)
Authors: Cherniavsky Axel
Published: January 2021

En la vida cotidiana y el lenguaje corriente, muchas veces la idiotez remite a una falta de inteligencia o a un defecto del pensamiento. Se trata de una concepción que alcanzó gran precisión en la psiquiatría clásica y que no se halla totalmente ausente de la filosofía contemporánea. Sin embargo, a juicio de Deleuze y Guattari, el idiota constituye el personaje filosófico por excelencia. ¿En qué medida este personaje supone o permite construir una concepción alternativa de la idiotez? En realidad, existen tres tipos de idiotas en la obra de Deleuze: uno que se identifica con el tonto, otro que se identifica con el loco y un tercero que ríe de la creencia en este mundo. Intentaremos ofrecer una respuesta al interrogante anterior analizando cada uno de estos tres personajes.

In everyday life and common language, idiocy often refers to a lack of intelligence or a defect in thinking. This conception achieved great precision in classical psychiatry and it is not totally absent from contemporary philosophy. However, according to Deleuze and Guattari, the idiot constitutes the philosophical persona par excellence. To what extent does this persona entail or allow constructing an alternative conception of idiocy? Actually, there are three kinds of idiots in Deleuze’s work: one that identifies itself with the fool, another that identifies itself with the madman and a third that laughs at the belief in this world. We will try to offer an answer to the aforementioned question by analyzing each of these three characters.
Una condición extraordinariamente corporal
Authors: Raga Rosaleny Vicente
Published: January 2021

Es ya un tópico, aquél que establece una relación entre la obra de Montaigne y la de Descartes, bien como adversarios, bien como precedente el uno del otro o como alternativas por relación al concepto de sujeto, que no llegaron a formular plenamente con sus características actuales. Sin embargo, al hilo del estudio del papel del cuerpo en ambos pensadores trataremos de mostrar, primero, su cercanía contextual y, luego, sus filiaciones conceptuales. Ambos autores están mucho más cerca de lo que suele creerse y las deudas intelectuales de Descartes con Montaigne se resumen, además, en una noción de individuo realmente existente y una concepción de la “vida” como alternativa a la filosofía tradicional, que pueden ser de gran interés para el pensamiento actual.

There is a cliché that establishes a relationship between the works of Montaigne and the writings of Descartes, either as adversaries, either as a precedent one of the other or as alternatives in relation to a concept that they did not fully draw up with its contemporary characteristics, that is, the subject. However, in connection with the study of the role of the body in both thinkers we will try to show first its contextual closeness and then its conceptual affiliations. Both authors are much closer to what we usually believe and the intellectual debts of Descartes to Montaigne are also summarized in a notion of an existing individual and a conception of “life” as an alternative to traditional philosophy, which can be of great interest for current thinkers.
El libro de cincuenta romances: constitución y contenido
Authors: Garvin Mario
Published: January 2021

La historia de la transmisión impresa del Romancero ha sido entendida como una evolución que iría desde los cancioneros y los pliegos sueltos hasta colecciones mayores, como el Cancionero de romances. Históricamente, no se ha prestado demasiada atención al Libro de cincuenta romances, que no encaja en este desarrollo. Su fecha de publicación – se acepta que se imprimió ca. 1525 – y los cincuenta romances en el título, lo convierte en una obra de absoluta relevancia para la evolución del género. En este artículo, se analizan la constitución y el contenido de las pocas hojas conservadas para profundizar en el hipotético contenido del volumen. Así se demuestra que las varias formas de aaprición del romancero no deben ser comprendidas como un desarrollo homogéneo, sino en dependencia de su(s) contexto(s) de aparición.

The history of the printed circulation of the Romancero has been understood as a development from the cancioneros and pliegos sueltos (Chapbooks) to bigger collections of romances, like the Cancionero de romances. Historically speaking, not much attention has been paid to the Libro de cincuenta romances, which does not fit this development. The accepted publication date, that is, ca. 1525, and the fifty romances mentioned in the title make this book very relevant to the history of the publication. In this article, the constitution and the content of the preserved leaves are analysed to deepen the hypothetical content of the volume. It demonstrates that the various forms of the Romancero should not be understood as part of a homogeneous development, but in the context of their appearance.
Estabilidade e mudança na estruturação de segmentos tópicos em cartas de leitor: contribuição à história do português brasileiro
Authors: Lopes Pinheiro Clemilton
Published: January 2021

Neste trabalho, consideramos a concepção de Eugenio Coseriu sobre os níveis de linguagem e entendemos que um processo de construção textual como tal não pertence a nenhuma língua (nível histórico), mas ao nível individual dos textos. Nesses termos, um determinado processo pode ser repetido, ao longo do tempo, em um conjunto de textos relacionados a um gênero e ser configurado como uma tradição discursiva. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo é analisar as permanências, modificações ou exclusões da estruturação interna de segmentos tópicos mínimos em um conjunto de cartas de leitores que constituem o corpus do Projeto História do Português Brasileiro no Rio Grande do Norte (PHPB-RN). Observamos padrões de repetição, exclusão e inserção que mobilizam subunidades de duas regras prototípicas de estruturação intratópica, ligadas ao propósito comunicativo do gênero, o que constitui uma tradição discursiva. No presente caso, uma tradição instável.

In this work, we consider Eugenio Coseriu´s conception about language levels and understand that a process of textual construction as such does not belong to any language (historical level), but to the individual level of texts. In these terms, a given process can be repeated, over time, in a set of texts related to a genre and be configured as a discursive tradition. In this sense, our objective is to analyze the permanences, modifications or exclusions of the internal structuring of minimum thematic segments in a set of reader’s letters that constitute the corpus of the Project History of Brazilian Portuguese in Rio Grande do Norte (PHPB-RN). We have observed patterns of repetition, exclusion, and insertion which mobilize subunits of two prototypical rules of intra-topic structuring, connected to the genre’s communicative purpose, which constitutes a discursive tradition. In the present case, an unstable tradition.
La emoción del paisaje en el joven Azorín
Authors: Vidal Ortuño José Manuel
Published: January 2021

Se estudia en este artículo el paisaje como materia literaria en el joven Azorín, el de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, renovador de viejos tópicos literarios como el beatus ille y el locus amoenus. A este tiempo nuevo le correspondería, qué duda cabe, una nueva estética (que quedará expresada en dos cuentos de Bohemia, 1897), cuyos postulados, sin duda innovadores, serán llevados a la práctica en Charivari (también de 1897), mediante una magnífica descripción del Collado de Salinas, lugar de huida y refugio para  J. Martínez Ruiz. Una descripción que, como tema con variaciones, aparecerá luego en otras obras del autor. 

This article studies the landscape in regard to literary works in the young Azorín, the one from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, which renewed old literary clichés such as beatus ille and locus amoenus. In this new era, there is no question that, a new aesthetic (which will be expressed in two stories from Bohemia, 1897), whose postulates, undoubtedly innovative, will be put into practice in Charivari (also from 1897), through an excellent description of the Collado de Salinas, a place of refuge and flight for J. Martínez Ruiz. Such description, with variations on a theme, will be found later in other works of the writer.
A new species of Munida Leach, 1820 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Munididae) from seamounts of the Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park
Authors: Gallardo Salamanca María de los Ángeles , Macpherson Enrique , Tapia Guerra Jan M. , Asorey Cynthia M. , Sellanes Javier
Published: January 2021

Munida diritas sp. nov. is described for the seamounts near Desventuradas Islands, in the intersection of the Salas & Gómez and Nazca Ridges, Chile. Specimens of the new species were collected in the summit (∼200 m depth) of one seamount and observed by ROV at two nearby ones. This species is characterized by the presence of distinct carinae on the thoracic sternites 6 and 7. Furthermore, it is not related with any species from the continental shelf nor the slope of America, while it is closely related to species of Munida from French Polynesia and the West-Pacific Ocean (i.e., M. ommata, M. psylla and M. rufiantennulata). In situ observations indicate that the species lives among the tentacles of ceriantarid anemones and preys on small crustaceans. The discovery of this new species adds to the knowledge of the highly endemic benthic fauna of seamounts of the newly created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park, emphasizing the relevance of this area for marine conservation.
Implementation of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method and Profile Matching for Employee Selection
Authors: Wiyono Andi Pratomo , Muslim Muhammad Aziz , Aswin Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Employees are an important element in a company that determines the progress of a company. With good quality employees in a company, it is easier to achieve desired goals of a company. Conventional (manual) recruitment method is vulnerable to non-technical factors such as frequent duplicate data or invalid data. In such condition, a Decision Support System (DSS) will be helpful in making decision process valid and reliable. In this paper, a Simple Addictive Weighting (SAW) method and Profile Matching were proposed to solve employee selection problem. This research was conducted at UPT Career Development and Entrepreneurship Universitas Brawijaya Malang, using data collected from written test selection in 2019. The effectiveness of both methods is analyzed by means of confusion matrix. SAW method give Accuracy rate of 94.7%, Precision rate of 87.5%, Recall rate of 91.3% and F-measure rate of 89.4%. On the other hand, Profile Matching method obtained the Accuracy rate of 90.4.7%, Precision rate of 81.4%, Recall rate of 81.4% and F-measure rate of 81.4%. From these results, it can be concluded that both methods have a high accuracy value accompanied by a high precision value when used for the selection process. This system can also reduce the bias of the same data very well, as can be seen from the high Recall and F-measure rates.
Blood Cortisol Level in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Correlation with Parameters of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolisms
Authors: Nadolnik Liliya , Polubok Vyacheslav , Gonchar Kirill
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective: Disturbance in adrenocortical mechanisms of regulation can play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS).

The goal of the work was to study the correlations between the glucocorticoid status of patients with metabolic syndrome and the severity of disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms.

Materials and Methods: Our studies carried out on two groups of patients, healthy subjects (n=28) and patients with MS characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension (n=20), provide evidence for close relationships between the level of blood cortisol and the extent of MS severity. The concentration of cortisol, glucose, triglycerols, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL was determined in blood samples.

Results: Patients with MS and low blood cortisol level showed less pronounced disturbances in lipid metabolism: The concentration of triglycerols was decreased by 30.2%, whereas that of LDL was reduced by 16.3% compared to patients with MS and normal cortisol level. The level of cortisol was correlated to the level of total cholesterol (rs= –0.3601, p=0.046). These relationships were more pronounced in patients with MS: their LDL levels highly significantly correlated to the cholesterol/cortisol ratio (rs=0.7062, p=0.01). In contrast to the higher blood glucose concentrations (>7.1 mmol/l), the low levels (<5.0) in patients with MS (and not in healthy subjects) were related to the risk of increase in morning blood cortisol concentrations in fasting patients.

Conclusion: The results obtained show that the correlations between glucocorticoids and cholesterol can play a significant role in the mechanisms of MS development, which is most probably related to dysregulation of the pituitary-adrenal system in the development of MS.
Childhood Convulsion: Home-care and Complications Seen in Children Presenting with Convulsion at the Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Delta State
Authors: Okike C. O. , Ajaegbu O. C. , Emeagui O. D. , Abonyi L. E. , Muoneke V. U.
Published: January 2021

Background: Convulsion, a common neurological disorder resulting from abnormal electrical activities in the brain with morbidity and mortality depending largely on the cause of the convulsion and interventional practices. Outcome is often worsened when agitated parents/caregivers ignorantly deploy harmful home practices.

Objective: This study evaluated different home care offered to a convulsing child and their impact on the child.

Methods: This was a prospective study involving all children who came in with convulsion to the Paediatric Department of the Federal Medical Center, Asaba over a study period of 14 months. A Researcher administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the types of home care given. Physical examination was carried out on all the patients while using a Chest radiogram to confirm cases of suspected aspiration.

Results: One form or more of harmful traditional home care was administered to 84% of the study children, 48% percent had palm kernel oil applied to the skin and other parts of the body while 33.3% of the convulsing children had spoons forcefully inserted into their mouths. The most common complication was massive blood loss from scarification marks in 60% of the subjects while fear of death was a common cause for concern in 56% of the parents.

The relationship between the socio-economic status of the parents and the caregiver to a convulsing child was seen to be statistically significant (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: Homecare/treatment for childhood convulsion is a common practice among caregivers necessitating an urgent need for mass education and enlightenment on proper management of convulsion.
Original Research Article MRI in Evaluation of Knee Cystic Lesions
Authors: Hamoda Sara A. M. , Mubarak Amr Ahmed , Samy Ahmed M. , Dawoud Mahmoud A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Cystic knee lesions (synovial cysts, bursae, ganglia, and meniscal cysts) are frequently discovered and can be divided into real cysts and lesions that simulate cysts (hematomas, seromas, abscesses and vascular lesions).

Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of cysts and cyst like lesions in and around the knee.

Subjects and Methods: From January 2018 to August 2019, 30 patients were referred from outpatient clinics and orthopedic surgery department to MRI unit of radiodiagnosis and medical imaging department at Tanta University Hospitals, for MRI evaluation of suspected knee cystic lesions.

Results: MRI was able to detect all clinically suspected cystic lesions within the knee. It also helped to describe morphology and it’s relation to surrounding tissues. 16.7% and 3.3% of the studied cystic lesions had fine and thick septa respectively, and 67 % of the studied cystic lesions had communication with the joints. MRI could identify the associated pathology of most of the detected cystic lesions (80%). The most common pathology were meniscal degeneration (26.7%) followed by meniscal tear and osteoarthritis (23.3%) and (20%) respectively. Ligament tear / sprain formed 6.7% of the total cysts while bone contusion forms 3.3%.

Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm that In spite of its high cost, limited availability and the need for highly expert radiologists, MRI remains the method of choice for both diagnosis, characterization and uncovering the associated pathology and cause of cystic lesions around the knee. The high ability of MRI to image soft tissues plays a key role.
Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Lutein, a Retinol Equivalent Carotenoid in Medicinal Landrace of Rice ‘Kavuni’
Authors: Chimmili Suvarna Rani , Kumar C. R. Ananda , Subashini G. , Raveendran M. , Robin S. , Padmavathi G. , Kumar J. Aravind , Jyothi B. , Divya B. , Sruthi K. , Rao L. V. Subba
Published: January 2021

Background: Indigenous traditional coloured rices are rich in dietary fibre, resistant starch, minerals, bioactive compounds and antioxidants like anthocyanins, luteins and phenols. Kavuni is one such brownish black medical landrace of rice considered as nutrition supplement since 400BC as it cures gastritis, peptic ulcer and also enhances blood circulation and known for its anti diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Lutein is the only dietary oxycarotenoid found in both the macula and lens of the human eye, and acts as blocker of blue light damage, quench reactive oxygen species, prevent age related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.

Aim: The objective of the present investigation was to characterize the lutein content and antioxidant potential of Kavuni and released mega varieties of rice (ASD 16, Swarna Sub1) and its derivatives obtained from crosses ASD 16 and Kavuni; Swarna Sub1 and Kavuni.

Methodology & Results: It was found that lutein (quantified by HPLC) was much higher in Kavuni (225 µg/100 g) compared with white rice varieties (ASD 16-15 µg/100g and Swarna Sub1-21 µg/100 g) and the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging ability (for quantification of antioxidant potential) were in the order (Kavuni >>ASD16, Swarna Sub1. Pigmented grain genotypes having higher lutein content had higher percentage of free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and lower IC50 values compared to non pigmented genotypes.

Conclusion: It is conceivable that the medicinal landraces of rice could be exploited as one of the potential sources for plant - based pharmaceutical products.
Development, Feasibility Assessment and in-vitro Evaluation of Diclofenac Potassium Multilayered Tablets
Authors: Abbas Jabbar , Yousuf Muhammad , Laghari Sadaf Hayat , Siyal Fahad Jibran , Muhammad Shaib , Qureshi Yasmeen , Jamali Jameela , Rajput Naseem Hyder , Ahmed Zuheeb , Ahmer Arslan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Diclofenac potassium has widely been utilized as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. To achieve rapid onset of action with prolonged therapeutic action is an immense need of time. In present project a study was conducted on preparation with physicochemical determination of diclofenac potassium tablets, this unique tablet have duel characteristics like rapid onset of action due to orodispersible coat and extended release of API due to sustained release core.

Methodology: As diclofenac potassium is not sensitive to water so wet granulation method was efficiently employed to prepare the granules of sustained release core, while direct compression was done to prepare orodispersible outer coat layer in order to give rapid release.

Results and Discussion: In evaluations granules characteristics and tablet properties were studied.  Result of both pre compression and post compression studies were coming in pharmacopeia acceptable ranges. The orodispersible layer disintegrated with in 18sec, which  gives sufficient amount of API as loading dose, in order to maintain the plasma drug concentration in therapeutic range the core will release drug in sustained manner within 10 hours in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fluid (pH 6.8). The results of kinetic models were complying with Higuchi model.

Conclusion: In present work, a rapid release outer dispersible layer of drug was constructed on a sustained release core. Results of study gives expected outcomes to maintained initial concentration of drug which persist for long time. The combination of sodium starch glycolate, dry starch, and cross povidone exhibited promising super disintegrant efficiency while Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose K15 showed excellent sustained release properties.
Analysis of Problems in the Heating Temperature Estimation Method by Discoloration of Fire-Damaged Concrete
Authors: Kang Hyun , Kweon Oh Sang
Published: January 2021

In this study, a material heating test was carried out and the results were analyzed. Various variables were employed to identify the limitations of the concrete discoloration discrimination method, a method for estimating the heating temperature. The material heating specimens did not use admixture additives, and various design compressive strengths were employed. After the heating experiment, surface color analysis was performed on the cooled specimens to quantitatively analyze the discoloration state of the concrete according to the exposure temperature. As a result, it was judged that the currently used concrete discoloration discrimination method is inadequate for estimating the heating temperature. Moreover, it was confirmed that the development of a new heating temperature estimation method is necessary.
Research on Measures for Improving the Seismic Resistance Rate of Private Buildings through Surveys
Authors: Lee Yoonha , Hong Wonhwa , Lee Jisoo , Jang Kwang Seok , Chang Chun Ho
Published: January 2021

In Korea, there is still no plan to secure earthquake-resistant performance in private buildings despite being exposed to the risk of large and small earthquakes. Therefore, this study considered the current status of domestic and foreign support systems as well as prior research on improving the seismic resistance rate of private buildings, and surveys of experts and residents were conducted based on them. According to the survey, direct support such as financial support for seismic reinforcement, technical/administrative support, rental housing support, and deregulation should be considered to improve the seismic resistance rate of private buildings. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a cost-effective plan and review the financial security plan. As social consensus is important for these support systems, continuous policy research is needed.
Improving Knowledge of Lactation Compatibility of Antirheumatic Medications Among Providers Who Care for Patients With Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Mills Brooke S. , Bermas Bonnie L.
Published: January 2021

Objective

We sought to evaluate and improve knowledge of lactation compatibility of medications commonly used to treat rheumatic diseases among rheumatology, obstetric, and newborn providers practicing at an academic safety net hospital.

Methods

Baseline knowledge of rheumatic disease medication compatibility with lactation among 49 providers was obtained via a multiple‐choice questionnaire. Following initial evaluation, providers were given a rheumatic diseases and lactation information card. The questionnaire was readministered at the time of card distribution and 5 months later.

Results

At baseline, more rheumatology providers correctly identified a higher number of lactation‐compatible and noncompatible medications than nonrheumatology providers (78% and 65% vs 31% and 46%, respectively; P < 0.0001). After the intervention, rheumatology providers correctly identified lactation‐compatible and noncompatible medications 98% and 100% of the time, compared with 78% and 65% of the time before the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). This improvement was durable because rheumatology providers correctly identified lactation‐compatible and noncompatible medications 96% and 98% of the time 5 months following the initial intervention (P = 0.0021 and P < 0.0001). Nonrheumatology providers correctly identified lactation‐compatible and noncompatible medications 31% and 46% of the time before the intervention and 95% and 100% of the time after the intervention (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Rheumatology providers had better baseline knowledge than obstetric and newborn providers of the breastfeeding compatibility of medications used to treat rheumatic diseases. However, all providers had knowledge gaps. After a simple educational intervention, the knowledge gap was significantly narrowed in all provider groups. This improvement was durable because repeat testing of the rheumatology provider subset 5 months post intervention continued to show significant improvement.
Aiming for Personality: An Exercise of Continuous Improvisation
Authors: Samovich Lera
Published: January 2021

Lera Samovich describes the cooler appropriation of Postmodernism in the work of fala atelier, based in Porto, Portugal, of which she has been a member since 2014. While borrowing from and influenced by previous Postmodernisms, the practice's designs combine disparate formal tropes, materials and styles to create a less ironic, more sensible, less ornament‐dependent and more serious architecture.
Marni Sweaters and Rugby Shirts: Colour Blocking in Architecture
Authors: Bonner Jennifer
Published: January 2021

Architects are making colour fashionable again. This started slowly, but now the change is accelerating within the architectural profession. Jennifer Bonner, Associate Professor of Architecture at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design (GSD) and Founding Principal of MALL, illustrates this assertion with a collection of colourful examples and assesses their similarities and differences.
The Birth and Rebirth of a Movement: Charles Jencks's Postmodern Odyssey in AD
Authors: Parnell Stephen
Published: January 2021

Architect and architectural historian Stephen Parnell, from Newcastle University's School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, charts the evolution of Postmodernism in architecture, the critical role of Charles Jencks in theorising and propagating it and the seminal place AD has in that history as the main publication that enabled its assimilation around the world.
#Architecturez: Rackz, Shackz and the Opportunities In Between
Authors: Barnes Mat
Published: January 2021

Mat Barnes is a director of London‐based architectural practice CAN. He believes ill‐conceived, expedient parts of cities – the bits that are unplanned and left to their own devices – are fecund breeding grounds for formal and material innovation. These are places of happy collisions of architectural elements that are ripe for further architectural insertions and experiments. Here he presents some of his practice's work in such contexts.
Screen's Domesticity: from the Postmodern House to Our House
Authors: Szacka Léa‐Catherine
Published: January 2021

The ubiquity of telematics and media technologies has been highly accelerated in recent years and has changed us socially and domestically. New notions of augmented realities are being developed that suggest novel, communal yet individually decorated and populated ways to share living spaces for socialising, play and love. Léa‐Catherine Szacka, Senior Lecturer in Architectural Studies at the University of Manchester, looks at a few examples.
Enhancement of Wound Healing Efficacy by Increasing the Stability and Skin‐Penetrating Property of bFGF Using 30Kc19α‐Based Fusion Protein
Authors: Lee Haein , An Young‐Hyeon , Kim Tae Keun , Ryu Jina , Park G. Kate , Park Mihn Jeong , Ko Junghyeon , Kim Hyunbum , Choi Hak Soo , Hwang Nathaniel S. , Park Tai Hyun
Published: January 2021

The instability of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a major disadvantage for its therapeutic use and means frequent applications to cells or tissues are required for sustained effects. Originating from silkworm hemolymph, 30Kc19α is a cell‐penetrating protein that also has protein stabilization properties. Herein, it is investigated whether fusing 30Kc19α to bFGF can enhance the stability and skin penetration properties of bFGF, which may consequently increase its therapeutic efficacy. The fusion of 30Kc19α to bFGF protein increases protein stability, as confirmed by ELISA. 30Kc19α‐bFGF also retains the biological activity of bFGF as it facilitates the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. It is discovered that 30Kc19α can improve the transdermal delivery of a small molecular fluorophore through the skin of hairless mice. Importantly, it increases the accumulation of bFGF and further facilitates its translocation into the skin through follicular routes. Finally, when applied to a skin wound model in vivo, 30Kc19α‐bFGF penetrates the dermis layer effectively, which promotes cell proliferation, tissue granulation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Consequently, the findings suggest that 30Kc19α improves the therapeutic functionalities of bFGF, and would be useful as a protein stabilizer and/or a delivery vehicle in therapeutic applications.
Buried Interfaces in Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Luo Deying , Xiang Yuren , Zhao Lichen , Anaya Miguel , Shen Yonglong , Wu Jiang , Yang Wenqiang , Chiang Yu‐Hsien , Tu Yongguang , Su Rui , Hu Qin , Yu Hongyu , Shao Guosheng , Huang Wei , Russell Thomas P. , Gong Qihuang , Stranks Samuel D. , Zhang Wei , Zhu Rui
Published: January 2021

Understanding the fundamental properties of buried interfaces in perovskite photovoltaics is of paramount importance to the enhancement of device efficiency and stability. Nevertheless, accessing buried interfaces poses a sizeable challenge because of their non‐exposed feature. Herein, the mystery of the buried interface in full device stacks is deciphered by combining advanced in situ spectroscopy techniques with a facile lift‐off strategy. By establishing the microstructure–property relations, the basic losses at the contact interfaces are systematically presented, and it is found that the buried interface losses induced by both the sub‐microscale extended imperfections and lead‐halide inhomogeneities are major roadblocks toward improvement of device performance. The losses can be considerably mitigated by the use of a passivation‐molecule‐assisted microstructural reconstruction, which unlocks the full potential for improving device performance. The findings open a new avenue to understanding performance losses and thus the design of new passivation strategies to remove imperfections at the top surfaces and buried interfaces of perovskite photovoltaics, resulting in substantial enhancement in device performance.
Cellular Pushing Forces during Mitosis Drive Mitotic Elongation in Collagen Gels
Authors: Nam Sungmin , Lin Yung‐Hao , Kim Taeyoon , Chaudhuri Ovijit
Published: January 2021

Cell elongation along the division axis, or mitotic elongation, mediates proper segregation of chromosomes and other intracellular materials, and is required for completion of cell division. In three‐dimensionally confining extracellular matrices, such as dense collagen gels, dividing cells must generate space to allow mitotic elongation to occur. In principle, cells can generate space for mitotic elongation during cell spreading, prior to mitosis, or via extracellular force generation or matrix degradation during mitosis. However, the processes by which cells drive mitotic elongation in collagen‐rich extracellular matrices remains unclear. Here, it is shown that single cancer cells generate substantial pushing forces on the surrounding collagen extracellular matrix to drive cell division in confining collagen gels and allow mitotic elongation to proceed. Neither cell spreading, prior to mitosis, nor matrix degradation, during spreading or mitotic elongation, are found to be required for mitotic elongation. Mechanistically, laser ablation studies, pharmacological inhibition studies, and computational modeling establish that pushing forces generated during mitosis in collagen gels arise from a combination of interpolar spindle elongation and cytokinetic ring contraction. These results reveal a fundamental mechanism mediating cell division in confining extracellular matrices, providing insight into how tumor cells are able to proliferate in dense collagen‐rich tissues.
Senescent Tumor Cells Build a Cytokine Shield in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Choi Yong Won , Kim Young Hwa , Oh Seung Yeop , Suh Kwang Wook , Kim Young‐Sam , Lee Ga‐Yeon , Yoon Jung Eun , Park Soon Sang , Lee Young‐Kyoung , Park Yoo Jung , Kim Hong Seok , Park So Hyun , Kim Jang‐Hee , Park Tae Jun
Published: January 2021

Cellular senescence can either support or inhibit cancer progression. Here, it is shown that intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells is negatively associated with the proportion of senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Gene expression analysis reveals increased expression of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in senescent tumor cells. Senescent tumor cells inhibit CD8+ T cell infiltration by secreting a high concentration of CXCL12, which induces a loss of CXCR4 in T cells that result in impaired directional migration. CSF1 from senescent tumor cells enhance monocyte differentiation into M2 macrophages, which inhibit CD8+ T cell activation. Neutralization of CXCL12/CSF1 increases the effect of anti‐PD1 antibody in allograft tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of CXCL12 from senescent tumor cells enhances T cell infiltration and results in reducing the number and size of tumors in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced CRC. These findings suggest senescent tumor cells generate a cytokine barrier protecting nonsenescent tumor cells from immune attack and provide a new target for overcoming the immunotherapy resistance of CRC.