bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Golden Spike National Historical Park: 2021 field season
Authors: Perkins Dustin
Published: June 2022

Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are one of the biggest threats to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed during the 2021 field season at Golden Spike National Historical Park (NHP). On June 24–25, 2021, we recorded a total of six priority IEP species during monitoring at the park. A total of 191 priority IEP patches were detected along 20 kilometers (12.4 miles) of 13 monitoring routes that covered all major roads, trails, and riparian areas. Three additional IEP species were recorded only in transects. The highest densities of IEP patches were recorded along the Hydro 1 and Last Cut drainages, followed by the Residence Service Road, East Tour Road, and Visitor Center Sidewalk Area. Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) was the most prevalent priority species, representing 46% of all recorded patches. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) constituted most other patches. The notable absence of Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) represents past control efforts for this species. When compared to 2018, there was a dramatic increase in the number of IEP patches in 2021, driven by rush skeletonweed and field bindweed. More-widespread species monitored in transects were still common, with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum) present in 84%, 45%, and 36% of all transects, respectively. The network plans to return to Golden Spike NHP for an eighth year of monitoring in 2023.
Horizontal Mandibular Augmentation with Split Bone Block Technique: A Case Report
Authors: Ishimine Skiba Tarcio Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to report a clinical case which a split bone block (SBB) technique has been used to graft a horizontal mandibular defect for latter dental implant-supported prosthesis rehabilitation. The surgical procedure was described in this article as well as a discussion.

Case Report: A 50-year-old female was referred for an implant-supported prosthetics rehabilitation in the right inferior premolar area. Due to the bone defect, a horizontal bone augmentation was performed previously to implantation using Split bone block Technique.

Conclusion: The Split bone block technique has been proven to be a suitable and predictable technique for osseous augmentation due the use of the gold standard grafting material.
Perioperative Management of Tonsillectomy in Pediatrics with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Dwiyono Rizqi Ahmad Nur , Hapsari Paramita Putri
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cyanotic congenital heart disease that includes ventricular septal defect, aortic overriding, infundibular stenosis, and Right Ventricle Hypertrophy (RVH). Perioperative management includes preoperative management, intraoperative anesthesia, and post-operative and potential problem management.

Case presentation. We report a -8-year-old-girl with congenital heart disease TOF planned for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The patient weighs 18 kilograms, has a blood pressure of 96/55 mmHg, pulse rate of 104 times per minute, respiratory rate 24 times per minute, and oxygen saturation of 74-79% supine position with room air. We find ejection systolic murmur at SIC 4/6 left parasternal and clubbing fingers-on physical examination. Laboratory preoperation shown Hb value 22.9; Hct : 70; AL : 11.2; AT : 281; AE : 8.58. We pre-medicate with ondansetron, dexamethasone, and sedation in the transit room with ketamine and midazolam. Induction by fentanyl and rocuronium to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Postoperatively, the patient was transferred to the PICU with an ET in a tube. She is monitored for a post-operative complications such as active bleeding to hyper cyanotic and performed extubation less than 24 hours after surgery.

Conclusion. Anesthetic goals in this patient are to maintain or slightly increase the Systemic Vascular Resistance, minimize Pulmonary Vascular Resistance dan provide mild cardiac depression.
Failure Analysis of Friction Weld in Rear Axle Casing
Authors: G. K. Sivakumar  , Ramya G Nair
Published: June 2022

In this study, Housing and Spindle failed at Friction weld (FRW) interface and sample submitted was from a Passenger vehicle after covering 18410 Kms was considered to address the repeated weld failures reported in Rear Axle Casing. The Metallurgical examinations revealed, chemical composition and hardness found satisfactory whereas Microstructure reveals presence of MnS (Manganese Sulphide) Inclusions at the friction weld interface resulting in insufficient friction weld fusion.SEM and Metallographic examinations confirmed the Orientation of MnS (Manganese sulphide) along the surface of the Spindle that was subjected to Friction welding (FRW) resulting in insufficient weld fusion. Microstructure observation of Spindle shows inclusions of Type A - Thick 2 against the allowable limits in Raw Material Type A - Thick 1. Also, the elongated MnS inclusions at the Friction weld (FRW) Interface act as initiation sites, "Stress raiser "that is more vulnerable to failure due to comparatively less tensile and impact strength than base metal similar to the effect of flake graphite’s in cast iron. Due to the anisotropy and orientation of the sulfide inclusions there is reduction in transverse ductility in reduced area and not much significant effect in longitudinal direction. Inclusion control by calcium treatment or Electro slag re-melting in spindle raw material will significantly improve the ductility and toughness of friction weldments. This paper aims to study the effect of Sulfide inclusions on weldability, mechanical properties of weld Interface and role as fracture initiation site.
Assessing the Prevalence of Disease-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies and their Detection in Diagnosis of Rheumatic Disorders in Syria
Authors: Babelly Widad , Ghrewaty Abdul-Jalil , Dababo M. Khaled
Published: June 2022

Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) detection is a crucial laboratory test for diagnosing systemic autoimmune disorders and is commonly the initial step in autoantibodies screening. ANA are immunoglobulins that differentiate a wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic components. ANAs are consistently present in the sera of patients with a variety of rheumatic disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the kinds and the expansion of disease-specific antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and their link to rheumatic disorders in the general Syrian people. 

Method: Immunofluorescence (IIF) was used for testing ANA in serum samples gained from 529 patients. Individualities positive for IF­ ANA were further tested for disease­ specific ANAs using line Immunoblot assay. 

Results: Based on the result of the IF­ ANA assay, the rates of positive samples were 7.9%. Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in 7and 6 individuals, respectively, anti Scl70, anti-Nucleosome, anti-U1-RNP, anti-CENP B were detected in 4 different individuals, but anti-Sm, anti-PCNA, and anti-Jo-1 antibodies were undetectable. Among 42 IF­ ANA­ positive individualities, 24 were found to have disease ­specific ANAs: nine SLE, three Sclerosis, and two rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions ANA should generally not be examined without a clinical indication. Positive ANA finding in the absence of clinical symptoms and signs has limited diagnostic usefulness and should be interpreted by a rheumatologist constantly, in the context of clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests for specific autoantibodies.
ANALYSIS OF AUSTRIA'S ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM BASED ON THE GEI APPROACH
Authors: Wachira Esther Wanjiru
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Austria. The study used the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) method and the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) to achieve this objective. The findings revealed a moderated entrepreneurial ecosystem with a GEI score of 65.2%. Again, the study found a strong correlation between Austria's GDP per capita and the GEI scores and a moderate score for all the three sub-indices entrepreneurial attitudes (65.5), entrepreneurial abilities (67.6), and entrepreneurial aspirations (62.4). Using the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) method, the study identified high growth and human capital as the bottleneck pillars. To shun the bottlenecks related to high growth, accessibility of finance, and formulation of sophisticated strategy at the institutional level are paramount, especially during this highly competitive technological era. Also, to alleviate the human capital bottleneck,  the government should draw up policies that will help boost education at the tertiary level, especially at an individual level. Further empirical research can be conducted to compare the entrepreneurial ecosystem of EU countries. This study adds to the existing literature on entrepreneurship which is scanty. Additionally, this paper highlights the bottlenecks in Austria's Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and provides possible alternative policies that can enhance the entrepreneurial ecosystem if implemented.
Mind the Gap? A Critical Analysis of the Recognition and Enforcement of Cross-Border Consumer ODR Outcomes in the EU
Authors: Hourani Sara
Published: June 2022

The EU ODR platform was created with the objective of offering better access to justice for the consumer, especially for cross-border disputes. The recognition and enforcement of cross-border ODR outcomes in the EU is however a complex procedure, and not always possible under the current EU legal framework. This article therefore questions whether a digitalised ESCP procedure is a better alternative to the enforcement of consumer redress for cross-border electronic-based small claims procedures.
EU Action in the Field of Small claims Procedures and the Limits Resulting from its Implementatiob in the National Legal Systems
Authors: Maffeo Adriano , Rolando Flavia
Published: June 2022

This article aims to illustrate, in the first part, the reasons that led the Union to adopt a regulation on small claims, focusing on the objectives set by the EU legislator in 2007 and 2015, through the amending regulation.
In the second part, the effects that such an instrument is intended to have on internal legal systems will be examined, highlighting in a critical light the limits that derive from the need to integrate the EU mechanism with national procedural rules.
An Effective On-line Dispute Resolution Network for Enhancing Collective Redress in Europe: How to Handle Mass Small Claims Through an Integrated Approach
Authors: Zuffi Beatrice
Published: June 2022

The ESCP disappointing results, the scarce interconnection between Reg. 861/2007, ADR legislation and Directives 2019/2161 and 2020/1828, as well as the suboptimal functioning of the ODR platform urge for a global rethinking. The Author points out some possible interventions to implement consumers’ and users’ protection in relation to small and homogenous claims, hoping that the European Institutions will soon consider a reform aimed at establishing an online integrated justice service in which court procedures merge with mechanisms of amicable solution.
Aproximación al habla femenina a partir del análisis del léxico disponible de 33 mujeres inmigrantes estudiantes de ELE
Authors: Gallego Gallego Diego Javier
Published: June 2022

La presente investigación pretende dar cuenta de la manera como el habla femenina se ve reflejada en los listados de disponibilidad léxica de las estudiantes extranjeras de español. Esta investigación hace parte de un estudio mucho más amplio que analiza el léxico disponible de 300 estudiantes extranjeros en la Comunidad de Madrid, de los cuales hemos seleccionado una submuestra de 33 mujeres inmigrantes de diferentes lenguas y niveles sociolingüísticos. De esta manera, hemos analizado el léxico actualizado por las mujeres inmigrantes en los listados de disponibilidad, para comprobar si el factor sexo, junto a otras características sociológicas, es determinante en su producción léxica.
Consulados en Madrid e integración lingüística
Authors: Cayón Peña Juan
Published: June 2022

Regulado en el Convenio de Viena de 1963, como es sabido, los consulados son una figura diplomática que se caracteriza por atender los intereses de un Estado y sus nacionales presentes en el territorio de otro, no tanto en representación frente al Estado de acogida cuanto frente a sus propios nacionales. De ahí que tengan una distribución territorial dispersa y generalmente más amplia y habitual en los núcleos de población inmigrante más voluminosos. Entre sus funciones se encuentra la atención y asistencia a los ciudadanos del propio país en el territorio de implantación, y de ahí la privilegiada posición que ocupan a la hora de convertirse en la “primera línea” de defensa frente a los problemas o conflictos de sus nacionales en el país de destino. El objeto de esta contribución es conocer de primera mano la actividad consular de los países seleccionados para la muestra en relación a los problemas lingüísticos de sus nacionales al interactuar en el ámbito de la Comunidad de Madrid que por su nivel de población y capacidad de atracción de la población inmigrante resulta especialmente significativa en el entorno nacional. La cooperación concedida por parte de los países seleccionados ha sido desigual pero los resultados obtenidos en sus respuestas al cuestionario planteado, sorprenden por la práctica unanimidad en el sentido de considerar que la integración lingüística de sus respectivos nacionales no ha supuesto un especial problema de la entidad suficiente como para requerir la prestación de asistencia consular frente a las distintas administraciones o eventuales conflictos.
Monitoring of chlorophyll concentrations in the Barents Sea: comparison of long-term in situ and satellite data
Authors:   Murmansk Marine Biological Institute RAS, Vodopianova V.V. , Kalinka О.P. ,   Murmansk Marine Biological Institute RAS
Published: June 2022

Phytoplankton organisms are the basis of the trophic chain and primary producers in the pelagial of the Barents Sea. The variation in phytoplankton biomass during the growing season is closely related to the change in chlorophyll a concentration. The data on the concentration of chlorophyll a in situ collected during the long-term (2006, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2015–2019) MMBI expedition research were compared with remote satellite sensing data. More than 200 in situ samples and satellite data were analyzed on the same dates in a 5x5 km square centered on the sampling point. It was revealed that permanent cloud cover over the Barents Sea interferes with the complete remote monitoring of this water area. The small number of coincidences of concentrations in situ with satellite data does not allow achieve global monitoring goals. Having analyzed the relationship of sea surface temperature as a key factor affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll a, a high degree of correlation (r = 0.89) between the parameters under consideration was determined, which indicates a sufficiently high reproducibility of the data of field measurements by satellite instruments.
Continuous flow synthesis of azobenzenes via Baeyer–Mills reaction
Authors: Griwatz Jan H , Kunz Anne , Wegner Hermann A
Published: June 2022

Azobenzene, as one of the most prominent molecular switches, is featured in many applications ranging from photopharmacology to information or energy storage. In order to easily and reproducibly synthesize non-symmetric substituted azobenzenes in an efficient way, especially on a large scale, the commonly used Baeyer–Mills coupling reaction was adopted to a continuous flow setup. The versatility was demonstrated with a scope of 20 substances and the scalability of this method exemplified by the synthesis of >70 g of an azobenzene derivative applied in molecular solar thermal storage (MOST) systems.
About simulation environment for modeling the Internet of Things components and applications using visual flow-based programming tools and cloud services
Authors: Andrushevich A. A. , Vojteshenko I. S. , Emelianova O. Ju.
Published: June 2022

Objectives. The purpose of the analytical and research work was to develop and perform an initial assessment of the capabilities of simulation environment for modeling the Internet of Things (IoT) components and applications. The relevance of the problem is associated with the need to simplify research and testing of such systems as the field is growing. In the implementation of the simulation environment, the following goals were pursued: building a mathematical model; implementation of software, capable of running experiments on that model; providing the user with the ability to analyze results and adjust the model.

Methods. Methods of simulation modeling were used.

Results. Analysis of the relevance and impact of the research results has led to an appropriate example for demonstrating methods and means of solving the problem of IoT subsystems, components, and applications simulation in the proposed environment. This example has been implemented in the part of the Smart Home application model responsible for the energy efficiency optimization in residential buildings enclosed in a simulation environment based on an integrated software package consisting of the Node-RED visual tool for flow-based programming and the Yandex Cloud / Yandex IoT Core cloud service.

Conclusion. A simulation model for managing energy consumption of a "smart home" was developed and implemented using the previously specified software package, including modeling time, environmental conditions, heat loss, operating modes of heating equipment and the behavior of house residents. Based on the implemented model, an initial series of simulation experiments were also carried out, on the one hand, aimed at checking some characteristics of the functionality of the developed simulation environment and the selected example for simulation of residential premises energy management. As a result of the initial experiments, the basic functionality of the integrated software package was proven and demonstrated based on the use of Node-RED and the Yandex Cloud / Yandex IoT Core cloud service for solving problems of simulation modeling of components, subsystems and applications of the Internet of things.
A retrial queueing system with processor sharing and impatient customers
Authors: Klimenok V. I.
Published: June 2022

Objectives. The problem of constructing and investigating a mathematical model of a stochastic system with processor sharing, repeated calls, and customer impatience is considered. This system is formalized in the form of a queueing system. The operation of the queue is described in terms of multi-dimensional Markov chain. A condition for the existence of a stationary distribution is found, and algorithms for calculating the stationary distribution and stationary performance characteristics of the system are proposed.

Methods. Methods of probability theory, queueing theory and matrix theory are used.

Results. The steady state operation of a queueing system with repeated calls, processor sharing and two types of customers arriving in a marked Markovian arrival process is studied. The channel bandwidth is divided between two types of customers in a certain proportion, and the number of customers of each type simultaneously located on the server is limited. Customers of one of the types that have made all the channels assigned to them busy leave the system unserved with some probability and, with an additional probability, go to the orbit of infinite size, from where they make attempts to get service at random time intervals. Customers of the second type, which caused all the channels assigned to them to be busy, are lost. Customers in orbit show impatience: each of them can leave orbit forever if the time of its stay in orbit exceeds some random time distributed according to an exponential law. Service times of customers of different types are distributed according to the phase law with different parameters. The operation of the system is described in terms of a multi-dimensional Markov chain. It is proved that for any values of the system parameters this chain has a stationary distribution. Algorithms for calculating the stationary distribution and a number of performance measures of the system are proposed. The results of the study can be used to simulate the operation of a fixed capacity cell in a wireless cellular communication network and other real systems operating in the processor sharing mode.
An Analysis and Evaluation toward the Implementation of Teacher Competency Test in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Darmuh Muthia Mutmainnah , Ramdani Rezki
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the Teacher Competency Test (TCT) implementation in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In addition, this research analyzed the perspectives of instructors, officer representatives, and academics on the TCT Objective and Implementation, as well as the Program's Effectiveness and Efficiency. This research used a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews. The results imply that the current TCT does not accurately reflect teachers' real-world proficiency owing to teachers' lack of computer literacy, since they were evaluated using a computer-based testing. However, the outcomes of this evaluation are also valuable for government decision-making on the mapping of teachers' requirements and future development. Second, the development of TCT program management and the quantity of financing for teacher training must be enhanced to assure the program's future viability. This research concludes by recommending a strategic shift to enhance student learning: mapping teachers' competency and education and the Sustainable Teachers Training and Development Program. Proper and ongoing professional development would not only assist instructors in supporting successful learning, but it would also enable experienced teachers to work with novice teachers and act as mentors for them, therefore enhancing classroom learning circumstances.
Education for Sustainable Development Pedagogy in Pre-Primary Social Studies Curriculum in Kenya: Review of Literature
Authors: Lilian Ganira Khavugwi
Published: June 2022

Education for sustainable development (ESD) emphasizes integration of values inherent in all curricular to encourage changes in behavior that allows a just society for all. The ESD pedagogy initiated by UNESCO highlights a shift towards active participation and experiential learning methods which engage learners in critical thinking and ability to act responsively for informed citizenship. Integrating sustainable development pedagogies, which include problem-based, inquiry-based and reflective learning in social studies curriculum, encourages creativity, critical thinking and respect for cultural diversity and creation of a sustainable society.  Anchored on constructivism theory, the study used data from both primary and secondary sources on influence of ESD through social studies curriculum.  Secondary data was sourced mainly from the internet, focusing on the work of UNESCO on education for sustainable development.  Literature reviewed established that social studies curriculum, which is entrenched in values of humanity provides opportunities for lifelong learning and sustainable development. The ESD pedagogies facilitate learning of knowledge, promotes skills, perspectives and values that sustainable societies require for spurring the 21st Century and beyond. The systematic review recommends that teaching and learning of social studies should incorporate appropriate pedagogies for sustainable development for learners to progress to adult life as responsible and functional citizens for collective harmony.
Fancd2os Reduces Testosterone Production by Inhibiting Steroidogenic Enzymes and Promoting Cellular Apoptosis in Murine Testicular Leydig Cells
Authors: Zhai Xiang , Li Xin-yang , Wang Yu-jing , Qin Ke-ru , Hu Jin-rui , Li Mei-ning , Wang Hai-long , Guo Rui
Published: June 2022

Background: It is well-established that serum testosterone in men decreases with age, yet the underlying mechanism of this change remains elusive.Methods: The expression patterns of Fancd2 opposite-strand (Fancd2os) in BALB/c male mice and testicular tissue derived cell lines (GC-1, GC-2, TM3, and TM4) were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. The Fancd2os-overexpressing or knockdown TM3 cells were constructed by infecting them with lentivirus particles and were used to evaluated the function of Fancd2os. The testosterone production was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the steroidogenic enzymes such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were analysed using RT-PCR. The apoptosis of TM3 cells induced by ultraviolet light or testicular tissues was detected using flow cytometry, Western blot or dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the Fancd2os expression and TUNEL-positive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells.Results: The Fancd2os protein was predominantly expressed in mouse testicular Leydig cells and its expression increased with age. Fancd2os overexpression inhibited testosterone levels in TM3 Leydig cells, whereas knockdown of Fancd2os elevated testosterone production. Fancd2os overexpression downregulated the levels of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD, while Fancd2os knockdown reversed this effect. Fancd2os overexpression promoted ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis of TM3 cells. In contrast, Fancd2os knockdown restrained apoptosis in TM3 cells. In vivo assays revealed that higher Fancd2os levels and mouse age were associated with increased apoptosis in Leydig cells and decreased serum testosterone levels. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited a strong positive correlation between the expression of Fancd2os and TUNEL-positive staining in mouse testicular Leydig cells.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Fancd2os regulates testosterone synthesis via both steroidogenic enzymes and the apoptotic pathway.
Improvement in Age at Mortality and Changes in Causes of Death in the Population with Diabetes: An Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Statistical Information Service, 2006 to 2018
Authors: Han Eugene , Song Sun Ok , Kim Hye Soon , Son Kang Ju , Jee Sun Ha , Cha Bong-Soo , Lee Byung-Wan
Published: June 2022

Background: Diabetes is a leading cause of death that is responsible for 1.6 million annual deaths worldwide. However, the life expectancy and age at death of people with diabetes have been a matter of debate.Methods: The National Health Insurance Service claims database, merged with death records from the National Statistical Information Service in Korea from 2006 to 2018, was analyzed.Results: In total, 1,432,567 deaths were collected. The overall age at death increased by 0.44 and 0.26 year/year in the diabetes and control populations, respectively. The disparity in the mean age at death between the diabetes and control populations narrowed from 5.2 years in 2006 to 3.0 years in 2018 (p<0.001). In a subgroup analysis according to the presence of comorbid diseases, the number and proportion of deaths remained steady in the group with diabetes only, but steadily increased in the groups with diabetes combined with dyslipidemia and/or hypertension. Compared to the control population, the increase in the mean death age was higher in the population with diabetes. This trend was more prominent in the groups with dyslipidemia and/or hypertension than in the diabetes only group. Deaths from vascular disease and diabetes decreased, whereas deaths from cancer and pneumonia increased. The decline in the proportion of deaths from vascular disease was greater in the diabetes groups with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia than in the control population.Conclusion: The age at death in the population with diabetes increased more steeply and reached a comparable level to those without diabetes.
Euthyroid Thyroperoxidase Antibody Positivity during Pregnancy, to Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Korevaar Tim I. M.
Published: June 2022

Thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity is a well-known risk factor for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and is associated with a suboptimal response to thyroidal stimulation by human chorionic gonadotropin. About 75% of TPOAb positive women are euthyroid and there seems to be a higher risk of predominantly miscarriage and preterm birth in this subgroup. Nonetheless, clinical decision making with regards to gestational levothyroxine treatment remains difficult due to a lack of large randomized trials. Future studies assessing dose-dependent associations and additional biomarkers that can distinguish low-risk from high-risk individuals will be key in disentangling the crude clinical data.
Extra-Glycemic Effects of Anti-Diabetic Medications: Two Birds with One Stone?
Authors: Rhee Eun-Jung
Published: June 2022

The world is suffering from a rapid increase in the number of people with diabetes due to the increased prevalence of obesity and lengthened life span. Since the development of insulin thanks to the efforts of Prof. Banting and Dr. Best in 1922, for which they won the Nobel Prize, remarkable developments in anti-diabetic medications have dramatically lengthened the lifespan of patients with diabetes. However, the control rate of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes remains unsatisfactory, since glycemic control requires both medication and lifestyle modifications to slow the deterioration of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevent diabetic complications. From the initial “triumvirate” to the “ominous octet,” and now the “egregious eleven,” the number of organs recognized as being involved in hyperglycemia and diabetes has increased with the development of anti-diabetic medications. Recent unexpected results from outcome trials of anti-diabetic medications have enabled anti-diabetic medications to be indicated for the prevention of chronic kidney disease and heart failure, even in patients without diabetes. In this review, I would like to summarize the extra-glycemic effects of anti-diabetic medications.
The Jet and Resolved Features of the Central Supermassive Black Hole of M87 Observed with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
Authors: Miyoshi Makoto , Kato Yoshiaki , Makino Junichiro
Published: June 2022

We report the result of our independent image reconstruction of the M87 from the public data of the Event Horizon Telescope Collaborators (EHTC). Our result is different from the image published by the EHTC. Our analysis shows that (a) the structure at 230 GHz is consistent with those of lower-frequency very long baseline interferometry observations, (b) the jet structure is evident at 230 GHz extending from the core to a few milliarcsecond, although the intensity rapidly decreases along the axis, and (c) the “unresolved core” is resolved into three bright features presumably showing an initial jet with a wide opening angle of ∼70°. The ring-like structures of the EHTC can be created not only from the public data but also from the simulated data of a point image. Also, the rings are very sensitive to the field-of-view (FOV) size. The u−v coverage of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) lacks ∼ 40 μas fringe spacings. Combining with a very narrow FOV, it created the ∼40 μas ring structure. We conclude that the absence of the jet and the presence of the ring in the EHTC result are both artifacts owing to the narrow FOV setting and the u−v data sampling bias effect of the EHT array. Because the EHTC's simulations only take into account the reproduction of the input image models, and not those of the input noise models, their optimal parameters can enhance the effects of sampling bias and produce artifacts such as the ∼40 μas ring structure, rather than reproducing the correct image.
MUSUBI (MegaCam Ultra-deep Survey: u*-band Imaging) Data for the COSMOS and SXDS Fields
Authors: Wang Wei-Hao , Foucaud Sebastien , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Jian Hung-Yu , Lin Lihwai , Lin Yen-Ting , Coupon Jean , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ouchi Masami , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ohyama Youichi , Umetsu Keiichi , Wang Shiang-Yu , Chang Tzu-Ching
Published: June 2022

The Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Survey is the latest-generation multiband optical imaging survey for galaxy evolution and structure formation. The “Ultra-deep” component of the HSC survey provides grizy broadband images over ∼3.4 deg2 to detection limits of ∼26–28 AB, along with narrowband images, in the COSMOS and SXDS fields. These images provide an unprecedented combination of depths and area coverage, for studies of galaxies up to z ∼ 7. However, the lack of coverage at <4000 Å implies an incomplete sampling of the rest-frame UV at z ≲ 3, which is critically needed for understanding the buildup of stellar mass in later cosmic time. We conducted a multiyear CFHT u*-band imaging campaign in the two HSC Ultra-deep fields with CFHT MegaCam. By including shallower archival data, we reached 5σ depths of u* = 28.1 and 28.4 (AB) at the centers of the COSMOS and SXDS fields, respectively, and u* = 27.7 and 27.8 in the central 1 deg2 fields. The image quality is ≳ 0.″90, fairly good for the u* band. Both the photometric and astrometric quality of our data are excellent. We show that the combination of our u*-band and HSC data can lead to high-quality photometric redshifts at z = 0–3, and robust measurements of rest-frame UV on galaxies at 0.4 < z < 0.6 for distinguishing green-valley galaxies from star-forming and quiescent galaxies. We publicly release our reduced u*-band images and reference catalogs, which can be used readily for scientific studies.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Active Asteroid P/2020 O1 (Lemmon-PANSTARRS)
Authors: Kim Yoonyoung , Jewitt David , Agarwal Jessica , Mutchler Max , Li Jing , Weaver Harold
Published: June 2022

We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of active asteroid P/2020 O1 taken to examine its development for a year after perihelion. We find that the mass loss peaks at ≲1 kg s−1 in 2020 August and then declines to nearly zero over four months. Long-duration mass loss (∼180 days) is consistent with a sublimation origin, indicating that this object is likely an ice-bearing main-belt comet. Equilibrium sublimation of water ice from an area as small as 1580 m2 can supply the observed mass loss. Time-series photometry shows tentative evidence for extremely rapid rotation (double-peaked period <2 hr) of the small nucleus (effective radius ∼420 m). Ejection velocities of 0.1 mm particles are comparable to the 0.3 m s−1 gravitational escape speed from the nucleus, while larger particles are ejected at speeds less than the escape velocity. These properties are consistent with the sublimation of near-surface ice aided by centripetal acceleration. If water-ice sublimation is confirmed, P/2020 O1 would be an icy asteroid with the smallest semimajor axis (highest temperature), setting new bounds on the distribution of ice in the asteroid belt.
Green nail syndrome on the nail plate and bed related with Enterococcus and Fusarium coinfection
Authors: Ouzounova-Raykova Vessela V.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The green nail syndrome is characterized by discolouration of the nail plate frequently accompanied by chronic paronychia and onycholysis. The cause could be either bacterial or fungal infection.

A 24-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a history of discolouration of the nail plate and bed accompanied by onycholysis. Scrapings from the nail were taken twice, microscopically examined, and cultured on media for isolation and identification of bacteria and fungi. The first sample gave positive results forEnterococcusspp. After treatment and a lack of complete recovery of the nail, second sample was taken and subjected to the same tests. This timeFusariuminfection was detected. Additional treatment was performed and the nail’s plate and bed were successfully treated.
Protaphycus shuvalikovi Simutnik gen. et sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Encyrtinae) from Rovno amber
Authors: Simutnik Serguei A. , Perkovsky Evgeny E. , Vasilenko Dmitry V.
Published: June 2022

Protaphycus shuvalikovi Simutnik gen. et sp. nov., the smallest fossil Encyrtidae, is described and illustrated based on female specimen from late Eocene Rovno amber. Like most previously described Eocene Encyrtidae, the new taxon differs from the majority of extant encyrtids by the subapical position of the cerci, the relatively long marginal vein of the forewing, a distinctly swollen but not triangular parastigma, and a seta marking the apex of the postmarginal vein is not any longer than others on this vein. The new genus is characterized by the presence of a filum spinosum and the hypopygium reaching way past the apex of syntergum. This combination of the character states is known only in a few representatives of extant Encyrtinae. The new genus, probably, most closely related to the extant genus Aphycus Mayr, 1876.
Hygienic behavior and antimicrobial peptide expression of the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) to Metharhizium anisopliae
Authors: Gómez-Díaz Juan Sebastián , Niño-Castro Andrea , Valencia-Giraldo Sandra Milena , Cotazo-Calambas Karent Mariana
Published: June 2022

Leaf-cutting ants depend on mutualisticfungi to survive. An infection that massively affects the workers compromising the proper maintenance of the fungus, or that can attack the fungus garden, can be fatal to the colony. Thus, leaf-cutting ants have evolved a complex defense system composed of both innate individual immunity and collective immunity to protect the colony against potential threats. To characterize the collective and individual immunity of Atta cephalotes workers to Metarizhium anisopliae we assessed the hygienic behavior and the expression of antimicrobial peptides of A. cephalotes workers triggered by Metarizhium anisopliae spores. As a control challenge, workers were treated with water. Regardless of whether the challenge was with water or spore suspension, A. cephalotes workers displayed an immediate response characterized by an increase in time spent both self-grooming and collective grooming along with a reduction in time spent fungus-grooming. The individual immunity triggered the expression of abaecin as early as 24 hours post-infection, exclusively in workers challenged with M. anisopliae. In contrast, the level of expression of defensin remained constant. These results suggest that upon being challenged with a suspension of M. anisopliae spores, A. cephalotes workers deploy both collective and individual immunity to produce a response against the invader. However, when the spores of M. anisopliae are applied as liquid suspension collective immunity deploys a generic strategy, while individual immunity shows a specific response against this entomopathogen.
Effects of a forest landscape on the prey composition of the Common Barn-owl Tyto alba in southern Bulgaria
Authors: Milchev Boyan
Published: June 2022

The diet of the Common Barn-owl in a forest- and shrub-dominated hunting area in the Strandzha Mountains, southern Bulgaria, was identified from 516 prey specimens. Shrews (52.9% by number, 26.7% by biomass) and rodents (42.1% N, 71.5% B) were prevalent. Among them, White-toothed shrews, Criocidura sp., (45.3% N, 21.4% B) was the most numerous prey genus. Mice, Apodemus sp., (15.7% N, 29% B) contributed with the largest share to the food biomass due to high predation of Striped field mice, A. agrarius, (12.2% B). The proportions of forest species in diet (Apodemus sp, Sorex sp., and dormice liridae) increased with the higher proportion of forest habitats (forests and shrublands cover more than 25% of the area) in most Barn Owl hunting territories in southern Bulgaria.
Le problème agricole français
Authors: Hervieu Bertrand , Purseigle François
Published: June 2022

Les questions de compétitivité de l’agriculture française et de notre souveraineté alimentaire ressurgissent dans un nouveau contexte de changement climatique que l’on se propose d’éclairer ici, en orientant le projecteur sur quatre des dimensions constitutives du dossier agricole français : la démographie agricole, la transformation des structures des exploitations, le revenu des agriculteurs et enfin les déséquilibres de la production.
Regards croisés sur la Thérapie de couple
Authors: Beauviala Muriel
Published: June 2022

L’auteure nous fait part de ses formations et expériences concernant la thérapie de couple. Avec A. et S. Ginger, elle découvre les bases théoriques de cette pratique. Elle définit un cadre et ajuste le dispositif au service de l’accueil des couples. D’autres formateurs lui transmettent des techniques complémentaires, dont elle décrit les atouts et les éventuelles limites. Elle met en lumière la posture du thérapeute de couple en s’appuyant sur l’observation d’une situation clinique. Attentive à la circulation de la parole et des émotions, son accompagnement repose sur un maillage des approches gestaltistes et systémiques.
Les administratrices ont-elles une influence sur la qualité du reporting RSE ?
Authors: Geyer Dominique , Nguyen Pascal , Ouhadouch Sadek
Published: June 2022

La qualité des informations contenues dans les rapports de développement durable est essentielle pour permettre aux parties prenantes de prendre de bonnes décisions. Dans la mesure où les femmes sont plus attentives aux besoins des autres, nous formulons l’hypothèse que la part des femmes au conseil d’administration est associée à de meilleures pratiques de divulgation, et plus précisément, à une probabilité plus grande d’adopter les normes GRI. Nos résultats basés sur un échantillon de 143 entreprises françaises pour la période 2006-2020 confirment cette hypothèse. Nous montrons aussi qu’il existe un seuil critique de deux femmes, ou d’une femme pour 5 administrateurs, pour que les femmes aient un impact significatif. Il ressort toutefois que l’influence des femmes est atténuée par le niveau de la dette, ce qui indique que la solidité financière de l’entreprise est une condition primordiale pour permettre aux femmes d’avoir l’influence attendue.
La villa gallo-romaine d’Orchies, ZAC de la Carrière dorée : la création et le développement interrompu d’un domaine agricole à l’extrémité sud du territoire ménapien (I er s. ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Robelot Sylvain , Bonnaire Emmanuelle , Bustos Caroline , Dananai Alice , Lefebvre Sophie , Leroya Stéphanie
Published: June 2022

La fouille de la villa dite de la Carrière Dorée , à Orchies (Nord), a été pleinement réalisée grâce à deux opérations archéologiques distinctes. Le hasard de la répartition fonctionnelle des espaces antiques a voulu que l’emprise de la première campagne de fouille tenue en 2006 corresponde globalement aux aménagements de l’aire résidentielle du domaine antique, alors que ceux à vocation économique et domestique étaient compris dans l’emprise de la fouille menée en 2010. Les vestiges témoignent de la création, du développement et de l’usage jusqu’à l’abandon d’un domaine agro-pastoral au i er s. ap. J.-C. L’état d’arasement du site, l’absence de certains éléments bâtis, l’existence d’espaces vides au cœur du complexe ne sont pas suffisants pour empêcher une réflexion globale sur les caractéristiques architecturales et fonctionnelles et les raisons de l’abandon précoce du domaine.
Promoting Nurse-Led Mobility Protocols for Hospitalized Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Caba Laura Wolf , Goldin Deana , Marenus Michele Wolf
Published: June 2022

Hospitalized older adults (aged ≥65 years) are at risk for functional decline and negative outcomes associated with immobility, such as pressure injuries and falls. There is a paucity of research that examines impacts of mobility interventions in older adults in medical surgical units. The current systematic review examines the impact of mobility-related interventions in this population. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided this review. Eligibility determination and data extraction, synthesis, and evaluation were independently performed by the authors. Findings revealed that older adult patients who participated in mobility protocols or early mobility programs were mobilized significantly more and were more mobile after discharge. Several studies also showed reduced hospital length of stay (LOS). The literature supports mobility programs as interventions that can have significant impacts on mobilization for medical surgical patients and reduce hospital LOS. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(7), 24–30.]
RS 1.[083] : texte fragmentaire et énigmatique de la première campagne de fouilles à Ras Shamra-Ougarit (1929)
Authors: Pardee Dennis G.
Published: June 2022

Réédition d’un fragment de tablette des fouilles de Ras Shamra en 1929.
Le site troglodytique de ʿIraq al-Amir (Amman, Jordanie)
Authors: Courbon Paul
Published: June 2022

Dans le site de ʿIraq al-Amir, près d’Amman, une falaise abrite seize grottes qui ont fait l’objet d’une occupation et d’un aménagement humain. Après une présentation du contexte géologique de ces grottes, l’auteur s’attache à leur description et à leur aménagement. Si trois d’entre elles semblent avoir été entièrement taillées par l’homme, les autres sont naturelles, certaines comportant des aménagements spécifiques (par ex. des citernes). L’occupation de cet ensemble troglodytique jusqu’à une époque très récente rend la datation de ces aménagements difficile ; les sources archéologiques, les sources écrites et la découverte en 1993 d’un trésor monétaire lagide enfoui en 242 av. n.è. au pied des falaises assurent l’ancienneté de leur occupation.
Effective Utilization of Thermal Power Plant Waste Fly Ash for Value Addition of Plastic Products
Authors: Gohatre Omdeo Kishorrao , Sahoo Subhaprada , Majhi Kashmira , Suresh Sunil S. , K. Jaidev
Published: June 2022

Over recent decades, most plastic materials processed by incorporating some fillers in it. In this regard, many researchers have continued to close attention towards the study of various fillers and their effects on the advanced polymeric material. Similarly, these fillers and additives incorporate within the polymer matrix to meet various applications and to enhance its mechanical properties, strength, durability, etc. The trends have been significantly arise to the use of waste material as filler owing to its advanced properties in plastic material, ease of availability, and its low cost. In general, fly ash (FA) is a waste by-product generated from most thermal power plants and contains varieties of different elemental particles. It is utilized as filler material in a variety of polymeric materials to make sports equipment/devices, household products, construction industries, and in many other engineering applications. Hence, this section particularly focused on fly ash filler and its composites preparation using different polymer matrix.