bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusão no Ensino Superior e o uso de Tecnologias Assistivas: uma avaliação com base nas percepções de discentes de licenciatura
Authors: Rosa Carla Marielly , Carrazoni Lopes Viçosa Cátia Silene , Folmer Vanderlei , Salgueiro Andréia Caroline Fernandes
Published: July 2020

A inclusão no Ensino Superior é um dos desafios para a educação no século XXI. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as percepções dos discentes de licenciatura sobre a inclusão no Ensino Superior utilizando o áudio-texto como instrumento problematizador. Participaram desta pesquisa 21 estudantes do curso de licenciatura de Ciências da Natureza matriculados no componente curricular: Leitura e produção Textual. Com base em metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, por meio da pesquisa-ação, foi elaborado e desenvolvido um projeto sobre práticas inclusivas e Tecnologias Assistivas. Dentre os resultados, a formação docente foi um dos aspectos apontados como ponto chave para a qualidade do processo inclusivo bem como condição de acessibilidade e permanência do estudante com deficiência no Ensino Superior. Consideramos desta forma, que provocações como estas durante os cursos de graduação, são exercícios importantes para a construção do pensamento crítico e de ações inclusivas. Para isso, além de reflexivos, os professores precisam ser proativos na busca novos caminhos e soluções. Neste sentido, a problematização, a pesquisa e ação, são um dos caminhos para a construção de mudanças, desde a formação docente.
Avaliação da compreensão de surdos através de fábula em Libras
Authors: Morais Mariana Peres de , Lacerda Cristina Broglia de Feitosa
Published: July 2020

Nos últimos anos, o impacto de propostas direcionadas ao incentivo de programas para a educação bilíngue de surdos penetraram as instituições brasileiras com o objetivo de estimular o público surdo a alcançar a qualidade de ensino. Muitas pesquisas sobre bilinguismo, aquisição da linguagem e letramento são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de políticas linguísticas que possibilitem aos surdos formarem-se como cidadãos. Por esse viés, torna-se relevante utilizar práticas pedagógicas competentes para avaliá-los. Porém, no que diz respeito à avaliação de desempenho escolar, encontra-se com mais facilidade na literatura, materiais avaliativos dirigidos para a língua escrita do que aqueles voltados para as línguas de sinais. Pensando nisso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a compreensão em língua brasileira de sinais (Libras) de surdos por meio de uma fábula apresentada em Libras. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva com participantes surdos residentes na região central do Estado de São Paulo, com idades entre 14 a 18 anos. Os resultados colaboram para o entendimento de aspectos que podem constituir-se como dificuldades/barreiras de compreensão da língua, e de aspectos que podem figurar como facilitadores para a compreensão discursiva. Além disso, os resultados podem ainda colaborar para o aperfeiçoamento da ferramenta de avaliação da compreensão em Libras. Esse entendimento pode auxiliar professores que atuam com alunos surdos na criação de estratégias visando o desenvolvimento linguístico do seu alunado.
Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes com animais peçonhentos na região norte do Brasil, estado do Amazonas/AM
Authors: Macedo Júnior Adriano Menino de
Published: July 2020

Os acidentes por animais peçonhentos apontam um problema de saúde pública que causam morbimortalidade e o conhecimento desse agravo por meio da epidemiologia é importante por subsidiar informações para a criação de estratégias que ajudem na solução dos acidentes. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, de caráter epidemiológico, registrados de 2018 a 2019, incluído o tipo de animal envolvido no acidente. Foram notificados 3.078 casos de acidentes, sendo no ano de 2018, 22 casos e em 2019, 3.056 casos notificados, 13 munícipios registraram esses acidentes, nos anos de 2018 e 2019, a faixa etária que mais se acidentou foi a de 20-39 anos, população essa está envolvida em atividades econômicas locais e, portanto, expostas aos animais peçonhentos, o sexo masculino também é mais acometido pelos acidentes com animais peçonhentos, sendo no ano de 2019, os maiores números de casos, homens com 2.236 de casos notificados enquanto que mulheres 820 casos registrados. Devido ao fato do homem, está ativamente em trabalho de pesca, bem no período de atividade econômica, eles estão mais susceptíveis aos acidentes, cabendo haver uma educação em saúde, na medida de prevenção, da população do estado do Amazonas.
Derribando muros: la lectura en pantalla y la docencia universitaria
Authors: Bernarda Torres María
Published: July 2020

Introducción: En esta investigación, se han analizado las categorías “lectura en papel”, “lectura en pantalla” y “maneras de leer” a través de la palabra de docentes que pertenecen a diferentes disciplinas y sedes de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Patagonia, Argentina. Método: Para este estudio, un avance de una investigación mayor realizada en el marco de una tesis doctoral en educación, se ha utilizado el método comparativo constante y se han analizado datos cualitativos provenientes de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a docentes, efectuadas durante el período 2014-2017. Objetivo: El objetivo principal ha sido determinar cuáles son las representaciones de las y los docentes de la UNCo sobre la lectura en pantalla y su relación con la tarea de enseñar en la universidad. Resultados: En cuanto a los resultados, por un lado, se ha observado que las valoraciones sobre la lectura en pantalla se muestran diferentes si el foco es desplazado de la tarea de enseñar a la de investigar. Por otro, se han percibido varios cambios en las formas de leer y de enseñar, aunque se admite que estos no siempre conllevan transformaciones profundas en educación. Conclusión: La principal conclusión a la que se ha arribado se basa en que, en determinadas situaciones, pareciera que las llamadas “nuevas” tecnologías han derribado varios muros, permitiendo una enseñanza más extensiva y abierta, pero al mismo tiempo, se advierte que se han erguido nuevas murallas, algunas de las cuales no hacen más que reproducir viejos modelos pedagógicos.

Introduction: In this study, the categories "paper reading", "screen reading" and "ways of reading" were analyzed through the words of teachers who belong to different disciplines and headquarters of the Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Patagonia, Argentina. Method: For this study, part of a major investigation carried out within the framework of a doctoral thesis in Education, the constant comparative method was used, and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with teachers, conducted during the 2014-2017 period, were analyzed. Objective: The main objective was to determine the representations of UNCo lectures regarding screen reading and their relationship with the task of teaching at university. Results: Concerning results, on the one hand, it was observed that the ratings on screen reading were different when the focus was shifted from the task of teaching to research. On the other hand, there were several changes in the ways of reading and teaching, although it was admitted that these do not always lead to profound transformations in education. Conclusion: The main conclusion was that, in certain situations, it seems that the so-called “new” technologies have demolished several walls, allowing for more extensive and open ways of teaching, but at the same time, it is noted that new walls have been erected, some of which only reproduce old pedagogical models.
The intentionality of questions – a critique of Searle’s analysis of speech acts
Authors: Borchmann Simon
Published: July 2020

Searle’s analysis and classification of speech acts entails that one of the two components of a speech act is a proposition. The first part of the article demonstrates that the analysis and classification is misleading when applied to three authentic examples of questions embedded in an everyday activity. Considerations concerning the situations that give rise to the questions suggest that the discrepancy is due to assumptions about intentionality and perception implied by the proposition-based analysis and classification of speech acts. In the second part of the article, Searle’s theory of intentionality and perception is compared with cognitive ethnographic observations of the situations that give rise to the three questions. The comparison shows that Searle’s theory of intentionality and perception is insufficiently informative and partly misleading as regards human intentionality and perception in the performance of an everyday activity. The claim is that the assumptions about intentionality and perception that form the basis of the proposition-based analysis and classification of speech acts are insufficient as a basis for a general theory of speech acts.
Ułomności statystyki motoryzacji w Polsce i ich konsekwencje dla badań geograficznych = Shortcomings of Poland’s motorisation statistics, and their implications for geographical research
Authors: Kołsut Bartłomiej , Gadziński Jędrzej , Stryjakiewicz Tadeusz
Published: July 2020

Reports from the European Commission (e.g. European Commission, 2018) show a relatively high level of motorisation in Poland (leaving the country ranked 6th among EU Member States). The number of cars per 1000 inhabitants is higher here than in any other of the formerly-communist countries acceding to the EU in or after 2004. Unfortunately, however, this situation inter alia reflects twisted statistics on motorisation that do not therefore offer a full or proper reflection of the real situation on the Polish car market. This article has devoted itself to the analysis of shortcomings characterising three groups of motorisation statistics relating to: 1. the cars known as “dead souls” (end-of-life vehicles) – whose numbers are overstated (by perhaps 6 million cars – or 26% of the entire total), given the retention on the register of those that have not been on the road for a long time, 2. “cars with a grille” – part of a Poland-specific phenomenon that results in understatement of numbers of cars and overstatement of numbers of goods vehicles (to the tune of perhaps 750,000), given people’s efforts to ensure that personal cars are approved for registration as commercial vehicles, 3. company cars, given overstatement (equal to perhaps 1.5 million) of numbers of vehicles in cities due to the presence of leasing companies and large enterprises operating company cars. The spatial distribution across the country of cars in the above–mentioned groups is very uneven and does much to influence spatial patterns relating to Poland’s motorisation rate (s). Overall, motorisation is much overestimated in large cities (e.g. Warsaw, Poznań, Katowice and Wrocław), while being underestimated in rural areas (especially in SE Poland). A crucial achievement of our analysis involves correction of official European statistics in this regard. The discrepancies characterising the statistics have the clear spatial distribution presented in Fig. 6. In its last section, this article then attempts to determine the consequences of such twisting of the motorisation statistics where both geographical research and decision-making are concerned.
El entorno residencial incide más en el caminar de las mujeres que de los hombres. Evidencias de jóvenes commuters suburbanos.
Authors: Maciejewska Monika , Vich Guillem , Delclòs-Alió Xavier , Miralles-Guasch Carme
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es el de explorar la influencia de las características del entorno residencial en los patrones de caminar de hombres y mujeres, mediante la utilización de datos de movimiento geolocalizados o tracking. Para ello, se ha seleccionado un grupo de jóvenes adultos que estudian o trabajan en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona y cuyo desplazamiento al lugar de estudio/trabajo se realiza fuera de su municipio de residencia, requiriendo así el uso de un medio de transporte motorizado. A través de una aplicación de geolocalización para smartphone se han analizado datos de movilidad de 1.194 días de participación correspondientes a 199 personas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los territorios urbanos densos y compactos favorecen el caminar de ambos géneros, pero presentan un mayor impacto en el comportamiento de las mujeres, en comparación con territorios menos densos y de carácter suburbano. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la configuración del territorio para facilitar un modelo de movilidad más sostenible, equitativo y saludable.
In or out: Response slowing across housing conditions as a measure of affect in three Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: McGuire Molly , Vonk Jennifer M.
Published: July 2020

Background

Individuals experiencing negative affect have shown response slowing, a longer latency to respond in relation to baseline, when presented with aversive stimuli. We assessed response slowing in three male gorillas housed in a bachelor group as a function of daytime and nighttime housing arrangements.

Methods

In both experiments, three gorillas were rewarded for touching a single image (baseline, non-threatening gorilla or threatening gorilla) on a touchscreen. In Experiment One, they completed 48 50-trial sessions across combinations of three nested daytime and three nighttime conditions. In Experiment Two, they completed eight 50-trial sessions with novel stimuli across two daytime conditions, which were nested within two nighttime conditions. Housing conditions represented different amounts of space and degree of choice. We predicted that the gorillas would show response slowing to threatening stimuli when space and choice were restricted.

Results

We did not observe response slowing in Experiment One, although daytime and nighttime conditions interacted to predict response latencies. The gorillas responded more slowly when they had access to indoors and outdoors overnight compared to when they were in their stalls or together in an indoor habitat, but only if they had been given access to both indoors and outdoors or locked in the indoor habitat the day before. In Experiment Two, the gorillas did show response slowing to threatening stimuli, but this pattern did not interact with housing conditions. Our results, although limited by a small sample, are somewhat consistent with those of a previous study that did not find significant response slowing for apes as a function of aversive testing conditions, although the procedure has been effective in identifying dysregulated fear (high fear in low threat conditions) in macaques. The utility of this paradigm for testing affect in apes awaits further evaluation.
Haematological Alterations among Cement Loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Ransom Baribefii , Obianuju Mba Chinyelu , Deborah Iduh Patience
Published: July 2020

Background: Exposure to cement dust without necessary precautions to prevent its inhalation is found to cause respiratory, dermatological, ocular as well as hematological problems and this is a matter of great concern to the health of cement loaders.

Aim of Study: This study was aimed at determining haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross sectional study design.

Methodology: A total of 100 apparently healthy male subject consisting of 50 cement loaders and 50 non cement loaders aged between the ages of 20- 45years old were recruited for the study. Four millilitres (4 mls) of blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each participant using standard venepuncture technique into ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated vacutainer bottles with proper mixing to avoid blood clotting and then analysed using Sysmex haematology autoanalyser. Graphpad prism version 6.2 was used to analyse the data obtained.

Results: Results obtained showed a statistically higher value (p<0.05) in platelet count (p=0.0001), lower values (p<0.05) in haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Mean cell volume (MCV) and Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) (p=0.0001). No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the mean red blood cell (RBC) count value (p=0.3110), white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.8138) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p=0.0584) respectively.

Conclusion and Recommendation: This study has confirmed that there are haematological alterations among cement loaders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and these alterations are attributed to inhalation of cement dust during work. It is recommended that cement loaders should be mandated to use appropriate personal protective equipment during work hours and around areas where cement dust are generated.
In vitro Propagation of Bacopa monnieri (L.)
Authors: Raj Poornima , Anbumalarmathi J. , Sharmili S. Aruna
Published: July 2020

An experiment was conducted for standardization of in vitro propagation technique of Bacopa monnieri (L.), a medicinal herb of India. Healthy leaf segments of the herb were used as explants with basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing various combinations of different growth regulators for callus, shoot and root initiation. The best callus induction percentage (95.47%) was observed on MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BAP (T3). The maximum number of shoots (8), shoot length (9.30 cm) and shoot induction percentage (90.48%) was achieved on MS + 3.0 mg/L BAP and 1.0 mg/L Kn (ST4). The maximum number of roots (8) and root length (7) was observed on MS + 1.5 mg/L IAA (RT5). The rooted micro shoots were successfully hardened and acclimatized in green house and subsequently established in soil with survival rate of 90%.
Bee Keeping as a Source of Supplementary Income for Improved Livelihoods: A Success Story of ARYA Project in East Champaran
Authors: Kumar Singh Arvind , Kumari Neelam , Sharma Ram Babu , Kant Shri , Rajput Jitendra , Rai Ashish , Singh Satish Kumar , Gangwar Anshu , Kumar Rai Vikas , Kumar Manish , Kumar Anand
Published: July 2020

Mostly the people of the villages in Mehsi block of East Champaran are engaged in farming and animal husbandry and farm labour. The farmers of this village are also engaged in growing vegetables and spice crops for sale in the nearest markets. Mr Vijay Kumar was not able to maintain his family with farming occupation alone earlier. He earned 2-3 lakhs rupees annually by selling honey and bee colonies in nearby markets and at district level market. He set good example for enabling extra income along with agriculture. He established bee keeping unit in his farm along with agricultural crops. After establishing his venture, he is able to meet the local demand by providing good quality of honey and bee colonies to villagers. Despite earlier challenges like lack of market for his honey and difficulty in managing his colonies during the summer, Mr. Kumar has dramatically changed his life and that of his family through the sale of honey and honeybee colonies
A Wonder Drug in the Arsenal against COVID - 19: Medication Evidence from Ivermectin
Authors: Kumar B. Suresh , Jeyaraman Madhan , Jain Rashmi , Anudeep Talagavadi Channaiah
Published: July 2020

Ivermectin, an FDA approved broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent has been recently reported to show an inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in an in-vitro study. This antiviral response has rendered it as a potential drug to be repurposed for COVID-19. Previously, ivermectin had showed inhibitory activity against RNA viruses in-vitro and DNA viruses in-vitro and in-vivo respectively. Much of its characterization has been related to SARS-CoV wherein viral proteins interacting with IMPα/β1 (Importins) were proposed to enhance the viral infectivity. These documentations serve as a ray of hope for considering ivermectin in treating COVID-19 due to its suggested nuclear transport inhibitory mechanism. Importantly, these recent findings warrant detailed investigations for understanding its benefit in terms of efficacy and safety in COVID-19 patients. This review article throws light on the current consensus in this regard.
Data‐Driven Fast Clustering of Second‐Life Lithium‐Ion Battery: Mechanism and Algorithm
Authors: Ran Aihua , Zhou Zihao , Chen Shuxiao , Nie Pengbo , Qian Kun , Li Zhenlong , Li Baohua , Sun Hongbin , Kang Feiyu , Zhang Xuan , Wei Guodan
Published: July 2020

While electrical vehicles (EVs) are expanding rapidly and getting more and more popular in the market, researchers have started to leverage the remaining capacity of used or to‐be‐retired batteries for their second‐life applications. It is crucial to develop a fast and efficient technology to first sort them and then extend their life while delivering energy, waste reduction, and economic benefits. In this work, a pulse clustering model embedded with improved bisecting K‐means algorithm is developed to effectively sort retired batteries with life cycles ranging from new to an end‐of‐life state. The relevance of selected variables is rigorously validated, reaching the accuracy as high as 88% compared with the traditional full charge–discharge test. To note, the test time has largely reduced from hours to minutes. This data‐driven clustering modeling with fast pulse test is a promising approach for clustering lithium‐ion batteries, which is demonstrated with a home‐built and high throughput intelligent clustering machine. In general, the technology opens a new generation of battery clustering, improving the efficiency and accuracy over the past semiempirical approaches.
DNA Origami Meets Polymers: A Powerful Tool for the Design of Defined Nanostructures
Authors: Hannewald Nadine , Winterwerber Pia , Zechel Stefan , Ng David Y. W. , Hager Martin D. , Weil Tanja , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: July 2020

The combination of DNA origami nanostructures and polymers provides a new possibility to access defined structures in the 100 nm range. In general, DNA origami serves as a versatile template for the highly specific arrangement of polymer chains. Polymer‐DNA hybrid nanostructures can either be created by growing the polymer from the DNA template or by attaching preformed polymers to the DNA scaffold. These conjugations can be of a covalent nature or be based on base‐pair hybridization between respectively modified polymers and DNA origami. Furthermore, the negatively charged DNA backbone permits interaction with positively charged polyelectrolytes to form stable complexes. The combination of polymers with tuneable characteristics and DNA origami allows the creation of a new class of hybrid materials, which could offer exciting applications for controlled energy transfer, nanoscale organic circuits, or the templated synthesis of nanopatterned polymeric structures.
Spatially resolved indiffusion behavior of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in polypropylene
Authors: Kern Stefanie , Kern Christine , Pradja Mark Melvin , Düring Rolf‐Alexander , Rohnke Marcus
Published: July 2020

Microplastics and their effects on the environment and food chain have become increasingly important in recent years. These polymer particles, which are only few millimeters in size or smaller, accumulate in the environment and can enter the human food chain via animals that ingest them. Moreover, they can accumulate impurities such as heavy metals. Therefore, this study focuses on the indiffusion behavior of metal ions into semicrystalline polypropylene (PP) applying time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) at cryo‐conditions. Diffusion coefficients of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in PP are determined by classical SIMS depth profiling in frozen state (T <−130°C) and subsequent data analysis according to Fick's second law of diffusion. The results show that diffusion of Cu2+ ions in dry PP (DPP,Cu = [2.21 ± 0.15]·10−12 cm2/s) is faster compared to Ni2+ ion diffusion of dry PP (DPP,Ni = [4.43 ± 0.55]·10−13 cm2/s). Interestingly, the diffusion of Cu2+ ions in water‐saturated PP (DPP,H2O,Cu = [1.91 ± 0.28]·10−13 cm2/s) is slower compared to Cu2+ ion diffusion in dry PP. Furthermore, high‐lateral resolution ToF‐SIMS analysis shows that metal ions only diffuse in certain areas of PP, which are most likely amorphous.
Business models for environmental sustainability: Contemporary shortcomings and some perspectives
Authors: De Giacomo Maria Rosa , Bleischwitz Raimund
Published: July 2020

Recently, business models for environmental sustainability have gained increasing attention in the management field and among practitioners and stakeholders. This study aims to analyse the state of the art on the topic by reviewing the growing but mainly phenomenon‐driven research. In particular, by identifying main research trends and relevant gaps in the literature and by providing future research avenues, this paper advances the debate on the need for alternative concepts of doing business that go beyond the creation of economic value for a company in a way that generates value for the society.

Our article undertakes two stages of screening the available literature and selects 151 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2007 and early 2019 for the review. The paper provides the first comprehensive systematic review of business models in the field of environmental sustainability with a detailed descriptive and critical analysis and with a discussion of future research opportunities.
Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle‐associated long noncoding RNA
Authors: Born Louis J. , Harmon John W. , Jay Steven M.
Published: July 2020

Both extracellular vesicles (EVs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly investigated as biomarkers, pathophysiological mediators, and potential therapeutics. While these two entities have often been studied separately, there are increasing reports of EV‐associated lncRNA activity in processes such as oncogenesis as well as tissue repair and regeneration. Given the powerful nature and emerging translational impact of other noncoding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA, lncRNA therapeutics may represent a new frontier. While EVs are natural vehicles that transport and protect lncRNAs physiologically, they can also be engineered for enhanced cargo loading and therapeutic properties. In this review, we will summarize the activity of lncRNAs relevant to both tissue repair and cancer treatment and discuss the role of EVs in enabling the potential of lncRNA therapeutics.
Pattern and prognosis of distant metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A large‐population retrospective analysis
Authors: Qu Weiling , Li Sihan , Zhang Miao , Qiao Qiao
Published: July 2020

Currently, the features and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with distant metastases are still rarely reported. Thus, the main purpose of our study was to investigate the metastasis patterns of different histological types of NPC and to clarify the prognostic characteristics of metastases at different sites. Patients were enrolled from the SEER program from 2010 to 2016. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare features between groups. The tendency to develop combined metastases was assessed with the odds ratio. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used for the survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to select the independent prognostic risk factors for inclusion in the nomogram. In the present study, we found the following: (1) tumors are highly likely to metastasize if they have a larger volume, the regional lymph nodes are relatively large, or the regional lymph nodes are biopsied but not removed; (2) the bone and the brain were the most and least common metastatic sites among all histological types and N stages. Metastasis at two sites was the most common pattern, and bone metastasis was generally associated with metastasis to the liver or brain; (3) the prognostic analyses in metastatic patients showed that cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was relatively worse in patients with multiple metastases, and in those with liver metastasis regardless of the number of other metastatic sites; (4) A nomogram was constructed for clinical use based on four independent prognostic risk indicators, including histology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and metastatic status. Our findings provide a reference for clinical decision‐making and future diagnostic screening tests for NPC with distant metastases.
Neoliberalism, guilt, shame and stigma: A Lacanian discourse analysis of food insecurity
Authors: Swales Stephanie , May Christopher , Nuxoll Mary , Tucker Christy
Published: July 2020

The researchers conducted a Lacanian discourse analysis of 21 interviews conducted in 2016 of food bank clients of a large city in a southern U.S. state. The study focused on accounts of food insecure individuals regarding their experiences of stigma, shame, and guilt towards receiving non‐profit food assistance and how those experiences—or lack thereof—might play a role in food bank utilization, given the problematic of why many food insecure households do not receive any type of food assistance. The researchers found that superegoic imperatives and stigma under neoliberalism served as major barriers to seeking adequate food assistance. Participants experienced guilt and shame at failing to meet the standard of self‐sufficiency promoted by neoliberalism; neoliberal discourses dominate constructions of food insecurity as being due to personal failings. Participants attempted to mitigate stigma, guilt, and shame through passing as food secure by avoiding asking for needed food assistance; what is more, participants took great lengths to avoid being seen as illegitimately enjoying in accordance with neoliberal ideology (e.g., not wanting to meet the stereotype of “living off of the system,” falling into the category of the underserving poor). In Lacanian terms, to be seen as illegitimately enjoying is to be the object of xenophobia. Some participants were able to resist neoliberal discourses which would render them morally responsible for their plight by adopting egoic discourse identities of being independent, a helper, or a provider by seeking food assistance.
sReactivation of CeO2‐based Catalysts in the HCl Oxidation Reaction: In situ Quantification of the Degree of Chlorination and Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Sun Yu , Hess Franziska , Djerdj Igor , Wang Zheng , Weber Tim , Guo Yanglong , Smarsly Bernd M. , Over Herbert
Published: July 2020

Deactivation of CeO2‐based catalysts in the HCl oxidation reaction proceeds via selective bulk chlorination of the active CeO2 component to form CeCl3×nH2O. We study the reactivation of two bulk‐chlorinated CeO2‐based Deacon catalysts by oxygen treatment at 430 °C, namely pure CeO2 and 20 mol % of CeO2 supported on preformed ZrO2 particles (20CeO2@ZrO2), with a dedicated experiment. In the flow reactor setup we determine in‐situ the degree of chlorination of the catalyst by quantifying down‐stream with in‐situ UV‐Vis spectroscopy the total amount of chlorine in the catalyst that is exchanged by reoxidation at 430 °C. The activity of deactivated 20CeO2@ZrO2 can be fully restored by oxygen exposure at 430 °C, while that of pure CeO2 declines steadily. Since the UV‐Vis analytics is fast and sensitive, we can follow the kinetics of reoxidation. To rationalize the observed kinetics, we develop a modified Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami‐Kolmogorov (JMAK) model based on a nucleation‐and‐growth approach for the reoxidation of the catalyst starting from the chlorinated phase. The fast reoxidation kinetics of chlorinated 20CeO2@ZrO2 is traced to a fast nucleation rate.
Current state of chitin purification and chitosan production from insects
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Tafi Elena , Paul Aman , Salvia Rosanna , Falabella Patrizia , Zibek Susanne
Published: July 2020

Chitin, and especially its deacetylated variant chitosan, has many applications, e.g. as carrier material for pharmaceutical drugs or as a flocculant in wastewater treatment. Despite its versatility and accessibility, chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, has so far been commercially extracted only from crustaceans and to a minor extent from fungi. Insects are a viable alternative source of chitin, but they have not been exploited in the past due to limited availability. Today however, for the sustainable production of animal feed, insect farming is being developed substantially. The availability of large quantities of insect biomass and chitin‐rich side products such as exuviae and exoskeletons has been increasing. This review provides an overview of recently published studies of chitin extraction from insects, its subsequent conversion into chitosan and the primary analytical methods used to characterize insect‐based chitin and chitosan. We have discovered a large number of research articles published over the past 20 years, confirming the increased attention being received by chitin and chitosan production from insects. Despite numerous publications, we identified several knowledge gaps, such as a lack of data concerning chitin purification degree and chitosan yield. Furthermore, analytical methods used to obtain physicochemical characteristics, structural information and chemical composition meet basic qualitative requirements but do not satisfy the need for a more quantitative evaluation. Despite the current shortcomings that need to be overcome, this review presents encouraging data on the use of insects as an alternative source of chitin and chitosan in the future. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Extrapulmonary complications of COVID‐19: A multisystem disease?
Authors: Zheng Kenneth I. , Feng Gong , Liu Wen‐Yue , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Zheng Ming‐Hua
Published: July 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has been recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In addition to its acute respiratory manifestations, SARS‐CoV‐2 may also adversely affect other organ systems. To date, however, there is a very limited understanding of the extent and management of COVID‐19‐related conditions outside of the pulmonary system. This narrative review provides an overview of the current literature about the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID‐19 that may affect the urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. This review also describes the current understanding of the extrapulmonary complications caused by COVID‐19 to improve the management and prognosis of patients with COVID‐19.
Social Environmental Factors and Personal Motivational Factors Associated with Creative Achievement: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective
Authors: Zhang Zhitian Skylor , Hoxha Linda , Aljughaiman Abdullah , Arënliu Aliriza , Gomez‐Arizaga Maria P. , Gucyeter Sule , Ponomareva Irina , Shi Jiannong , Irueste Paula , Rogl Silke , Nunez Miguelina , Ziegler Albert
Published: July 2020

Although the theory of the socio‐cultural approach to creativity is gaining steam, empirical studies with advanced statistical tools are lagging behind. To address the gap of empirical studies integrating individual, social environmental, and cultural factors, we examined how motivational factors and environmental responsiveness were jointly related to college students’ creative achievement in different nations. Participants were university students from eight culturally and geographically diverse regions: Argentina, Austria, Chile, China, Kosovo, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. Overall, the results painted a generally positive picture of the relationship between environmental responsiveness, motivational factors, and creative achievement. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple‐group SEM (MGSEM) methods, results partially supported the mediation role of motivational factors between environmental responsiveness and creative achievement. In addition, we observed more consistent relationships between parental responsiveness and motivational factors or creative achievement, than lecturer. This held in common across all seven countries which fulfilled the requirements for the SEM process, indicating that parents play a potential vital role in supporting students’ motivational aspects and creative achievements, whereas lecturers supporting role is relative to the cultural organizational circumstances. As the first large‐scale empirical study with a socio‐cultural approach, we invited further discussion and proposed future cross‐cultural research of this kind. Research implications and practical suggestions were addressed.
Clarifying the nomenclature of non‐Andean South American Hypericum (Hypericaceae)
Authors: Vogel Ely Cleusa , de Loreto Bordignon Sérgio Augusto , Iob Boldrini Ilsi
Published: July 2020

An updated taxonomic and nomenclatural framework is essential to develop most biological research. To stabilize the application of Hypericum names and avoid future problems, we critically reviewed the protologues, the main Floras in which the studied names are listed, and the types of 84 names described for non‐Andean South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay). Application of the term holotype is corrected to lectotype for 18 names, and type is corrected to lectotype for six names (“inadvertent lectotypifications”). For H. nudicaule the term type is corrected to neotype, for H. paraguense the term lectotype is corrected to neotype, and for H. polyanthemum the term isotype is corrected to neotype (“inadvertent neotypifications”). For 24 names, lectotypifications are provided, including one re‐lectotypification (H. brasiliense var. angustifolium) and 19 second‐step lectotypifications. Neotypes are designated for four names (H. cyathifolium, H. lorentzianum, H. meridionale, H. sellowianum). Five new synonyms are proposed (H. campestre subsp. pauciflorum, H. campestre subsp. tenue, H. rigidum subsp. bracteatum, H. rigidum subsp. meridionale, H. rigidum subsp. sellowianum), and two superfluous names are detected for the first time (H. bolivianum, H. connatum var. obscurum).
Dementia: I Am Physically Fading. Can Virtual Reality Help? Physical Training for People with Dementia in Confined Mental Health Units
Authors: Matsangidou Maria , Schiza Eirini , Hadjiaros Marios , Neokleous Kleanthis C. , Avraamides Marios , Papayianni Ersi , Frangoudes Fotos , Pattichis Constantinos S.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, there has been growing interest in designing non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life for People with Dementia (PwD) who face motor impairments. This paper investigates the feasibility of using Virtual Reality (VR) technologies for the rehabilitation of 20 patients with moderate to severe dementia residing in a confined psychiatric hospital and discusses the impact of this interactions on motor training. To accomplish this, we present three interrelated studies that refer to: (1) System requirement analysis carried out through a workshop with experts in dementia care; (2) System interaction method assessment by testing two different types of interaction in Virtual Reality, to identify the most suitable for People with Dementia; and (3) A pilot study with patients performing three upper limb physiotherapy tasks in Virtual Reality. The issues encountered during the design, testing and execution of the experimental tasks are discussed and a set of guidelines and recommendations for the future deployment of VR in healthcare services is provided.
Effective theories for a nonrelativistic field in an expanding universe: Induced self-interaction, pressure, sound speed, and viscosity
Authors: Salehian Borna , Namjoo Mohammad Hossein , Kaiser David I.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

A massive, nonrelativistic scalar field in an expanding spacetime is usually approximated by a pressureless perfect fluid, which leads to the standard conclusion that such a field can play the role of cold dark matter. In this paper, we systematically study these approximations, incorporating subleading corrections. We provide two equivalent effective descriptions of the system, each of which offers its own advantages and insights: (i) A nonrelativistic effective field theory (EFT) with which we show that the relativistic corrections induce an effective self-interaction for the nonrelativistic field. As a byproduct, our EFT also allows one to construct the exact solution, including oscillatory behavior, which is often difficult to achieve from the exact equations. (ii) An effective (imperfect) fluid description, with which we demonstrate that, for a perturbed Friedmann-Lemaître- Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe: (a) The pressure is small but nonzero (and positive), even for a free theory with no tree-level self-interactions. (b) The sound speed of small fluctuations is also nonzero (and positive), reproducing already known leading-order results, correcting a subdominant term, and identifying a new contribution that had been omitted in previous analyses. (c) The fluctuations experience a negative effective bulk viscosity. The positive sound speed and the negative bulk viscosity act in favor of and against the growth of overdensities, respectively. The net effect may be considered a smoking gun for ultra-light dark matter.
Exact correlation functions in the Brownian Loop Soup
Authors: Camia Federico , Foit Valentino F. , Gandolfi Alberto , Kleban Matthew
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We compute analytically and in closed form the four-point correlation function in the plane, and the two-point correlation function in the upper half-plane, of layering vertex operators in the two dimensional conformally invariant system known as the Brownian Loop Soup. These correlation functions depend on multiple continuous parameters: the insertion points of the operators, the intensity of the soup, and the charges of the operators. In the case of the four-point function there is non-trivial dependence on five continuous parameters: the cross-ratio, the intensity, and three real charges. The four-point function is crossing symmetric. We analyze its conformal block expansion and discover a previously unknown set of new conformal primary operators.
Numerical contribution to segmented chip effect on residual stress distribution in orthogonal cutting of Inconel718
Authors: Liu Yang , Agmell Mathias , Xu Dongdong , Ahadi Aylin , Stahl Jan-Eric , Zhou Jinming
Published: July 2020

Segmented chip morphology has a significant influence on distribution of residual stress and surface topography on machined surface in machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian (CEL) model is employed to investigate the effect of segmented chip on surface integrity (residual stress distribution and surface topography) in orthogonal machining of Inconel718 with uncoated carbide inserts. A mesh sensitivity study of chip morphology and residual stress distribution is performed by developing the following three different grid resolutions: coarse (mesh size 35 μm), medium (10 μm) and fine (5 μm). Comparing with the experimental results, it is clear that the numerical model presents reasonable results, including the chip morphology, temperature distribution, cutting forces, residual stress profile and surface fluctuation period. As for the generated surface integrity, a waved surface and cyclic residual stress distribution are found with the segmented chip due to the periodical mechanical and thermal loadings acting on the machined surface. Furthermore, the formation of single chip segment is investigated in-depth to explain the residual stress distribution generation.
Cryogenic platform for coupling color centers in diamond membranes to a fiber-based microcavity
Authors: Salz M. , Herrmann Y. , Nadarajah A. , Stahl A. , Hettrich M. , Stacey A. , Prawer S. , Hunger D. , Schmidt-Kaler F.
Published: July 2020

We operate a fiber-based cavity with an inserted diamond membrane containing ensembles of silicon vacancy centers (SiV$${}^{-}$$

-

) at cryogenic temperatures $$\ge 4~$$

≥
4

K. The setup, sample fabrication and spectroscopic characterization are described, together with a demonstration of the cavity influence by the Purcell effect. This paves the way towards solid-state qubits coupled to optical interfaces as long-lived quantum memories.
History of the Pan African Paediatric Surgery Association (PAPSA)
Authors: Elhalaby E. A. , Rode H. , Lakhoo K.
Published: July 2020

The Pan African Paediatric Surgery Association (PAPSA) was formed in 1994. The need for an organisation in Africa to voice children’s surgery and the trials and tribulations in forming this organisation was covered in this journal 2 years ago (Heinz R, Kyambi J, Lakhoo K. Surg Int 34(5):499–504, 2018). This article covers the history of the organisation post inception in 1994 to date. The near disbanding of the organisation due to political unrest and wars in Africa, to its success in the recent decade is highlighted in this manuscript.
Intermittent versus continuous enteral nutrition attenuates increases in insulin and leptin during short-term bed rest
Authors: Gonzalez Javier T. , Dirks Marlou L. , Holwerda Andrew M. , Kouw Imre W. K. , van Loon Luc J. C.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To compare endocrine responses to intermittent vs continuous enteral nutrition provision during short-term bed rest.

Methods

Twenty healthy men underwent 7 days of bed rest, during which they were randomized to receive enteral nutrition (47%E as carbohydrate, 34%E as fat, 16%E as protein and 3%E as fibre) in a continuous (CONTINUOUS; n = 10; 24 h day−1 at a constant rate) or intermittent (INTERMITTENT; n = 10; as 4 meals per day separated by 5 h) pattern. Daily plasma samples were taken every morning to assess metabolite/hormone concentrations.

Results

During bed rest, plasma leptin concentrations were elevated to a lesser extent with INTERMITTENT vs CONTINUOUS (iAUC: 0.42 ± 0.38 vs 0.95 ± 0.48 nmol L−1, respectively; P = 0.014) as were insulin concentrations (interaction effect, P < 0.001) which reached a peak of 369 ± 225 pmol L−1 in CONTINUOUS, compared to 94 ± 38 pmol L−1 in INTERMITTENT (P = 0.001). Changes in glucose infusion rate were positively correlated with changes in fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations (r = 0.44, P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Intermittent enteral nutrition attenuates the progressive rise in plasma leptin and insulinemia seen with continuous feeding during bed rest, suggesting that continuous feeding increases insulin requirements to maintain euglycemia. This raises the possibility that hepatic insulin sensitivity is impaired to a greater extent with continuous versus intermittent feeding during bed rest. To attenuate endocrine and metabolic changes with enteral feeding, an intermittent feeding strategy may, therefore, be preferable to continuous provision of nutrition.

This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02521025.