bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percorsi di architettura armena a Roma
Le missioni di studio e la mostra fotografica del 1968 tra premesse critiche e prospettive di ricerca
Authors: Bevilacqua Livia , Gasbarri Giovanni
Published: February 2021

In 1966 a team of Italian scholars coordinated by Géza de Francovich inaugurated a series of study trips to the historic regions of Armenia, with the aim of collecting extensive photographic documentation of medieval churches and monasteries. The first result of these study trips was the photographic exhibition Architettura medievale armena (Rome, June-July 1968), a pioneering event that helped in spreading knowledge of Armenian art and architecture among a broader public in Italy and that became a springboard for new research projects in the eastern Mediterranean territories. This paper provides a critical reconstruction of the context and circumstances that led to the organisation of this exhibition.
I višap armeni. Appunti per una storia della ricezione
Authors: Gilibert Alessandra
Published: February 2021

Vishaps are large-scale prehistoric stelae decorated with animal reliefs, erected at secluded mountain locations of the South Caucasus. This paper focuses on the vishaps of modern Armenia and traces their history of re-use and manipulations, from the end of the third millennium BCE to the Middle Ages. Since their creation at an unknown point in time before 2100 BCE, vishaps functioned as symbolic anchors for the creation and transmission of religious and political messages: they were torn down, buried, re-worked, re-erected, transformed and used as a surface for graffiti. This complex sequence of re-contextualisations underscores the primacy of mountains as political arenas for the negotiation of religious and ritual meaning.
Organization and Activity of Statistical Institutions in Turgai Region of the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the XIX - at the Beginning of the XX Century
Authors: Skopa Vitaly Alexandrovich
Published: February 2021

The research objectives are as follows: to reveal specificity of organization and activity of Turgai statistical committee and to identify its role in statistical activities and in the regional sociocultural studies. Scientific originality of the paper involves a comprehensive representation of Turgai regional statistical committee and its activities under the conditions of ethnic regions integration into the Russian Empire. The conducted research allows concluding that the process of provincial statistics formation had its own specificity, development of regional statistical offices laid foundation for a unified statistical system.
Portrait from Academic Exhibition of 1804: General Survey
Authors: Gudymenko Yuri Yurievich
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to describe state of the portrait genre in the middle of the 1800s by the materials of the academic exhibition of 1804. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author presents a full list of the exhibitors and exhibited objects. The researcher analyses available works from the exhibition and examines creative activity of first-rate and second-rate painters: A. G. Varnek, V. L. Borovikovsky, V. A. Tropinin, J. L. Mosnier, M. F. Quadal, A. Vighi, et al. The findings indicate that the exhibition of 1804 was substantial enough and objectively represented state of the portrait genre in the middle of the 1800s.
“Escape from Freedom” as Universal Method of Historical Experience Understanding (in the Context of the European Society of the XX Century and the Late Antique Society)
Authors: Kukarnikov Dmitriy Germanovich
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to identify universal and historically specific features of the socio-philosophical phenomenon “escape from freedom” discovered by Erich Fromm. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the individual’s status in the West European society of the first half of the XX century and in the late antique society. Scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that the author considers possibility of applying E. Fromm’s conception of freedom to analyse historical experience, so as to achieve better understanding of the past. The article for the first time reveals correlation of “escape from freedom” mechanisms, historical and cultural realia of the late antiquity epoch. The conducted research allows concluding that “escape from freedom” is a universal method of historical experience understanding. It is shown that the “escape from freedom” phenomenon originates in any historical and cultural situation, if political and economic mechanisms deprive a person of their own free will.
Archive of Professor in Theology Archpriest Pavel Svetlov as Unique Written Monument of the Russian Orthodoxy of the First Decades of the XX Century
Authors: Bokov German Evgenievich
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine peculiarities of archival heritage of Professor in Theology Archpriest P. Ya. Svetlov. The article considers his archive as a unique written monument of the Russian Orthodox thought of the first decades of the XX century. It is found that the main content of this archive is typewritten and handwritten Collection of Works, the structure of which is the focus of the article. Scien-tific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it sheds fresh light on biography and archive of Father
P. Svetlov and at the same time on the issues of the Russian Orthodox theology and intellectual history
of Russia. As a result, new sources, never published before and unknown even to specialists, are for the first time introduced into scientific use.
Agriculture of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR in the Period of New Economic Policy
Authors: Tumurkhonova Nina Vasilyevna , Budaeva Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to reveal specificity of the measures taken within New Economic Policy to restore agriculture of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on a wide range of previously unpublished sources (archival documents, statistical reports, materials of the local periodical press), the authors examine realization of New Economic Policy in the agrarian sector of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. The conducted research allows concluding that the measures aimed to restore agricultural industry of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR, such as single agricultural tax, land renting, recruitment of workers, land management, were half-hearted and only partially effective in overcoming crisis. On the whole, the republican agriculture remained extensive and low technological.
Heavenly World of Childhood
Authors: Popkova Tatyana Dmitrievna
Published: February 2021

The paper aims to reveal the eudemonistic aspect of childhood as a special sociocultural phenomenon. The article examines the basic parameters of the child’s world, which manifest themselves in three spheres of the child’s existence: ideal world of nature; realm of consciousness; the child’s personal space - the other reality. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author analyses literary interpretations of the childhood phenomenon and introduces the notion “paradise”, which is considered as an axiological and existential component of the child’s world, into philosophical and culturological discourse. The conducted research allows identifying essential foundations of the child’s “personal paradise” as a cultural and historical phenomenon.
Legal Awareness as Factor in Reducing Extremist Sentiment among the Russian Youth
Authors: Nikishova Natal'ya Valer'evna
Published: February 2021

The study aims to determine the influence that the level of legal awareness has on extremist sentiment among the Russian youth. The work is novel in that it proves that legal awareness as an invariant of reducing nihilism will be able to influence the younger generation’s tendency to join organisations of extremist and terrorist nature. As a result of the study, the author has justified the need to improve the level of legal culture, since it is a necessary condition for education of an individual as a full participant in social relations. All of this will contribute not only to development of legislation, social stability but also to fulfilment of civil rights and liberties. However, all the social institutions - family, school, university, public organisations and associations, state authorities, etc. - should take part in this process.
Reflection as Component of Professional Pedagogical Culture
Authors: Bateneva Elena Vladislavovna
Published: February 2021

The paper examines the reflexive component of professional pedagogical culture. The article reveals the notions “professional pedagogical culture”, “components of professional pedagogical culture”, “reflection”, proposes a model of correlation between reflection and components of professional pedagogical culture, formulates a definition of the reflexive component of professional pedagogical culture. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that reflection is considered as a component of professional pedagogical culture. The conclusion is made that the reflexive component is a key one in the structure of professional pedagogical culture.
Origination and Development of Ideas about “Educational Environment” as Fundamental Unit of Education System: Theoretical Review
Authors: Lodde Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to consider the notion “educational environment” in the context of origination and development of the presented definition. Using a historical and theoretical analysis, the author has determined that interest in educational environment manifested itself throughout entire societal development from ancient times to the present. At the initial stage of its formation, educational environment was considered one of the conditions of upbringing and only at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, it emerged as the main condition of education. Scientific novelty of the research lies in description and structural presentation of the main stages of origination and development of ideas about educational environment. As a result, it is determined that the notion “educational environment” originated as early as in ancient times, underwent a fairly large number of interpretations over time and subsequently, through methodological understanding of its nature, it began to be considered as a fundamental unit of the education system.
Cabotaje interamericano. Una propuesta de solidaridad continental en tiempos de guerra elaborada por el Museo Social Argentino (1914-1916)
Authors: Zanzottera Guillermina
Published: February 2021

El artículo analiza las estrategias desplegadas por el Museo Social Argentino ante el impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en América Latina. Esta institución privada, orientada al bien público, asumió como propia la responsabilidad de promover una campaña de solidaridad continental, proponiendo la necesidad del aislamiento pacifico de América y la neutralización del tráfico marítimo interamericano. Frente al conflicto bélico el Museo Social Argentino hizo un llamamiento a los Estados, a la intelectualidad y a las instituciones sociales americanas para que inicien una acción conjunta, iluminado una época de límites difusos donde la acción oficial se solapaba con las iniciativas privada.
LEVEY, Cara; OZAROW, Daniel y WYLDE, Christopher (Eds.), (2014), Argentina Since the 2001 Crisis. Recovering the Past, Reclaiming the Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 238 pp.
Authors: Mira Delli-Zotti Guillermo
Published: February 2021

Reseña del libro Argentina Since the 2001 Crisis. Recovering the Past, Reclaiming the Future
Diálogos del exilio republicano español. Desembarcar en Futuro (1939)
Authors: Di Salvo Lucía
Published: February 2021

Futuro, México (1933-1946), publicación cultural de izquierdas surgida como una alternativa renovadora de reflexión sobre la realidad mexicana y latinoamericana y que estableció un debate polifónico frente a los peligros que asediaban Europa. Notamos, particularmente, enunciados ligados al exilio que obligaban a una acción responsiva. Estos enunciados multiacentuales, no trabajados hasta el momento, conforman nuestro corpus. En este marco, primeramente, analizaremos desde la perspectiva dialógica bajtiniana, de qué modo se constituyen las redes entre los participantes de la revista. En segundo lugar, observaremos cómo se establecen espacios de polifonía en un artículo extraído de la revista. Esta puesta en escena de múltiples voces (asociadas a posiciones políticas diversas) confiere un sentido más amplio de cómo se dio el proceso de acogida de los exiliados en México. Para finalizar, a partir del análisis de «Poemas de la guerra» extraídos de la revista, notaremos de qué modos se constituyó un frente poético solidario que enarboló la palabra como medio de lucha y solidaridad.
La construcción de la educación laica en Argentina, Brasil y México (1824-1879)
Authors: Ortiz Cirilo Alejandro
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo son reconstruidos los procesos de conformación de los regímenes de laicidad educativa de Argentina, Brasil y México, poniendo énfasis en las distintas etapas presentes en la construcción de sus sistemas educativos. Son retomados las especificidades de las escuelas públicas y las privadas, en los diferentes niveles educativos y en diversos contextos históricos, focalizando en los aspectos jurídicos que sirvieron de normativa.
Trama burocrática y documentos secretos. Dispositivos 'legales' para la represión de los trabajadores de la administración pública de Córdoba (1974-1978)
Authors: Romano Silvia
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo continúa la indagación sobre prácticas burocráticas orientadas al disciplinamiento y la represión de los trabajadores de la administración pública de Córdoba en el período que transcurre entre el golpe policial, conocido como “Navarrazo”, que destituyó al gobernador y vicegobernador (28 de febrero 1974) y los tres primeros años de la dictadura instaurada por el Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (PRN, 24 de marzo 1976). En ese período se aplicaron diversos dispositivos, como la ley de prescindibilidad y el Estatuto del Empleado Público (1974) que se solaparon luego con “leyes de facto” dictadas durante el PRN, tales como la 5911 y 5913 (1976, baja por razones de seguridad y prescindibilidad, respectivamente) con el propósito de “depurar” la administración pública. La arbitrariedad de las medidas se sirvió de una profusa normativa y de prácticas rutinarias, burocráticas y legalistas, que coexistieron con la represión ilegal y el terrorismo de Estado, de lo que da cuenta el importante número de trabajadores desaparecidos y asesinados. En ese marco, haremos foco en dos aspectos vinculados a dichas prácticas: las cesantías y las renuncias de personal, que crecieron exponencialmente entre 1976 y 1978. Paralelamente, aportaremos nueva evidencia sobre la articulación estrecha entre las autoridades de facto, sus procedimientos burocrático-administrativos y los servicios de inteligencia para la persecución ideológica y la represión de los empleados públicos. Para ello recurrimos, entre otros, a “documentos secretos” custodiados en el Archivo de Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba.
Curcuma longa supplement increases anxiety-like behavior and blood glucose level in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Garkuwa Usman , Ibrahim Buhari , Balanmalam Aisha , Muhammad Sayyadatu , Muazu Mustapha , Garkuwa Hassan , Yakubu Adamu
Published: February 2021

Curcuma longa (C. longa), also known as curcumin, is a lipophilic polyphenol substance proven to have cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties in both in vitro and in vivo models. Most previous studies investigated the effect of C. longa on diabetic mice and therefore, there is a need to investigate the effect of C. longa on normoglycemic mice. Depression is a common consequence of anxiety that affects 21% of the world’s population. Since the prevalence of diabetes and depression is on the rise globally, it is important to search for safer and cost-effective management for these disorders. In doing so, it is therefore essential to investigate its effect in normoglycemic mice. The current study determines the effect of C. longa on blood glucose level and anxiety-like behavior in normoglycemic Swiss albino mice. A total of 20 mice were divided into four groups of five (n=5 per group). Group I (control) received distilled water 10 ml/kg, groups II, III, and IV received C. longa at 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, for 14 days. We found that 20% C. longa group showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in fasting blood glucose level (195.84±14.46 mg/dl) after 14 days of administration compared with the control group (134.60±4.52 mg/dl).  We also found that 20% C. longa increased the anxiety-like behavior in normoglycemic Swiss albino mice compared with the control group. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in both fasting blood glucose level and anxiety-like behavior between the mice treated with 5% and 10% C. longa and the control group. This study indicates that C. longa at high concentration is unsafe for consumption by normoglycemic Swiss albino mice.
Review of “The Wisdom of Finance: Discovering Humanity in the World of Risk and Return” by Mihir A. Desai
Authors: Khan M. Ali
Published: February 2021

Book Review of “The Wisdom of Finance: Discovering Humanity in the World of Risk and Return” by Mihir A. Desai
Holographic focusing and surface integral
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: February 2021

Holographic focusing and surface integral
Islam Untuk Gen Z: Mengajarkan Islam, Mendidik Muslim Generasi Z: Panduan Bagi Guru PAI
Authors: Gazali Hatim
Published: February 2021

Islam Gen Z Buku ini ditujukan sebagai salah satu usaha untuk membekali para penceramah (mubalig) dan guru-guru agama mengenali gambar besar tentang konsep-konsep kunci dalam Islam yang terbentang dari isu-isu teologis (tauhid), ibadah (‘ubudiyyah), gerakan (harakah). Buku ini juga menyajikan diskusi mengenai isu-isu aktual yang muncul dan kadang membingungkan bagi sebagian orang seperti khilafah dan hormat bendera.Dengan pertimbangan bahwa mubalig dan guru-guru agama adalah aktor penting mempertahankan wajah Islam moderat di Indonesia, mereka jelas sekali memerlukan asupan informasi yang diperlukan untuk menopang usaha-usaha mulia mereka. Namun, bukan berarti pula buku ini tidak cocok untuk dibaca oleh khalayak luas. Karena, sejumlah pokok persoalan terkait akidah, fikih, dan politik kekinian, yang banyak dibincangkan, juga tak luput dari pembahasan. Sehingga harapannya buku ini juga memberikan alternatif wawasan pada masyarakat luas.
Quy luật giá trị và biểu hiện của nó trong nền kinh tế thị trường Việt Nam
Authors: AISDL
Published: February 2021

Quy luật giá trị và biểu hiện của nó trong nền kinh tế thị trường Việt NamĐinh Thị Quỳnh Hà / 29 May 2016Trường Đại học Ngoại thương, Hà Nội https://text.123doc.net/document/3567584-quy-luat-gia-tri-va-bieu-hien-cua-no-trong-nen-kinh-te-thi-truong-viet-nam.htm
Sound source localization in virtual reality with ambisonics sound reproduction
Authors: Huisman Thirsa , Ahrens Axel , MacDonald Ewen
Published: February 2021

To reproduce realistic audio-visual scenarios in the laboratory, ambisonics is often used to reproduce a sound field over loudspeakers and virtual reality (VR) glasses are used to present visual information. Both technologies have been shown to be suitable for research. However, the combination of both technologies, ambisonics and VR glasses, might affect the spatial cues for auditory localization and thus, the localization percept. Here, we investigated how VR glasses affect the localization of virtual sound sources on the horizontal plane produced using either 1st, 3rd, 5th or 11th order ambisonics with and without visual information. Results showed that with 1st order ambisonics the localization error is larger than with the higher orders, while the differences across the higher orders were small.The physical presence of the VR glasses without visual information increased the perceived lateralization of the auditory stimuli by on average about 2°, especially in the right hemisphere. Presenting visual information about the environment and potential sound sources did reduce this HMD-induced shift, however it could not fully compensate for it. While the localization performance itself was affected by the ambisonics order, there was no interaction between the ambisonics order and the effect of the HMD. Thus, the presence of VR glasses can alter acoustic localization when using ambisonics sound reproduction, but visual information can compensate for most of the effects. As such, most use cases for VR will be unaffected by these shifts in the perceived location of auditory stimuli.
Brain 5-HT1A Receptor PET Binding, Cortisol Responses to Stress, and the Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Melhem Nadine , Zhong Yongqi , Miller Jeffrey , Zanderigo Francesca , Ogden R Todd , Sublette M Elizabeth , Newell Madi , Burke Ainsley , Keilp John , Lesanpezeshki Mohammad , Bartlett Elizabeth , Brent David , Mann J John
Published: February 2021

Serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor has been implicated in depression and suicidal behavior. Lower resting cortisol levels are associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor binding, and both differentiate suicide attempters. However, it is not clear whether 5-HT1A receptor binding and cortisol responses to stress are related to risk and resilience for suicidal behavior. [11C]CUMI-101 PET imaging to quantify regional brain 5-HT1A receptor binding was conducted in high-risk individuals, having a first or second degree relative(s) with an early onset mood disorder and history of suicidal behavior, and subdivided into: high-risk resilient having no mood disorder or suicidal behavior (HR-R, n=29); high-risk with mood disorder (HR-MOOD n=31); and high-risk with mood disorder and suicidal behavior (HR-SA/MOOD, n=25). Groups were compared to healthy volunteers (HV, n=34). Participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). We observed no group differences in 5-HT1A receptor binding considering all regions simultaneously, nor did we observe heterogeneity of the effect of group across regions. These results were similar across outcome measures (BPND and BPp in a subset of the sample), and definitions of regions of interest (ROIs; standard or serotonin-specific ROIs). We also found no group differences on TSST outcomes. Within HR-SA/MOOD, lower BPp binding [=-0.084, Standard Error or SE=0.038, p=0.048] and higher cortisol reactivity to stress [=9.25, 95% CI (3.27,15.23), p=0.004] were associated with higher lethality attempts. There were no significant relationships between 5-HT1A binding and cortisol outcomes. In conclusion, 5-HT1A receptor binding in ROIs was not linked to familial risk or resilience protecting against suicidal behavior or mood disorder although it may be related to lethality of suicide attempt. Future studies are needed to better understand the biological mechanisms implicated in familial risk for suicidal behavior and how HPA axis function influences such risk.
Mutualistic coupling of vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning in children with and without language disorder
Authors: Griffiths Sarah Louise , Kievit Rogier , Norbury Courtenay
Published: February 2021

Mutualism is a developmental theory that posits positive reciprocal relationships between distinct cognitive abilities during development. It predicts that abilities such as language and reasoning will influence each other’s rates of growth. This may explain why children with Language Disorders also tend to have lower than average non-verbal cognitive abilities, as poor language would limit the rate of growth of other cognitive skills. The current study tests whether language and non-verbal reasoning show mutualistic coupling in children with and without language disorder using three waves of data from a longitudinal cohort study that over-sampled children with poor language at school entry (N = 501, 7-13 years). Bivariate Latent Change Score models were used to determine whether early receptive vocabulary predicted change in non-verbal reasoning and vice-versa. Models that included mutualistic coupling parameters between vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning showed superior fit to models without these parameters, replicating previous findings. Specifically, children with higher initial language abilities showed greater improvement in non-verbal ability and vice versa. Multi-group models suggested that coupling between language and non-verbal reasoning was equally strong in children with language disorder and those without. This indicates that language has downstream effects on other cognitive abilities, challenging the existence of selective language impairments. Future intervention studies should test whether improving language skills in children with language disorder has positive impacts on other cognitive abilities (and vice versa), and low non-verbal IQ should not be a barrier to accessing such intervention.
Rethinking how risk aversion and impatience are linked with cognitive ability: Experimental findings from agricultural students and farmers
Authors: Gruener Sven
Published: February 2021

Dohmen et al. (2010) describe in their paper, which has been published in the American Economic Review, that risk aversion and impatience are negatively related to cognitive ability. This topic is important because controlling for cognitive ability might be necessary if someone is interested in the link of risk preferences or time preferences to real-world outcomes. We re-examine their key results by conducting an experimental study using two subject pools (agricultural students and farmers) and three levels of monetary incentives. Similar to Dohmen et al. (2010), our study finds the above-described negative correlations. However, the strength of the association is smaller and the p-values are quite large.
Quantifying throwing load in handball: a method for measuring the number of throws
Authors: Skejø Sebastian , Liaghat Behnam , Jakobsen Claes Christian , Møller Merete , Bencke Jesper , Papi Giovanni , Kunwald Nikolaj Pelle , Sørensen Henrik
Published: February 2021

Shoulder injuries are a common problem in handball. One likely cause of such injuries is excessive throwing. However, it is difficult to measure the number of player throws in large cohort studies using existing methods accurately. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a method for identifying overhead throws using a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) worn on the wrist. In a two-stage approach, we developed a threshold-based automatic identification method of overhead throws in a laboratory study using the IMU. Subsequently, we validated the suggested thresholds in a field setting by comparing throws identified by the threshold-method to throws identified by video recordings of handball practices. The best set of threshold values resulted in a per-player median sensitivity of 100% (range: 84-100%) and a median positive predictive value (PPV) of 96% (range: 86-100%) in the development study. In the validation study, the per-player median sensitivity dropped to 78% sensitivity (range: 52-91%), while the per-player median PPV dropped to 79% (range: 47-90%). The proposed method is a promising method for automatically identifying handball throws in a cheap and feasible way.
Local Governance in Nepal: A Study of Machhapuchhre Rural Municipality, Kaski
Authors: Dahal Girdhari
Published: February 2021

The election of the local government was held in 2017 after 20 years and paved the way of practicing local governance. This paper aims to study governance practices in Machhapuchhre rural municipality and analyze its key performances. It is based on the sources of primary and secondary data. The municipality has formulated 15 acts, 4 regulations, 27 codes of conducts, 2 directives during these three years of democratic exercise at local level. This municipality also developed various infrastructures including provision of teaching in Magar language as mother tongue in a primary school.  Despite these, the municipality is facing shortage of human and financial problems.
Plagiarism in Scientific Writing: Why It Is Important to Know and Avoid
Authors: Pun Min
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this paper is to discuss plagiarism in relation to research and scientific writing. As the personal computers have become an easy access to the authors, plagiarism is becoming more common while producing any specific scholarly writing. It can range from simple dishonesty to more serious duplications of somebody else’s work or idea without giving appropriate credit to the original source. It may sometimes be intentional and sometimes unintentional or direct plagiarism, or self-plagiarism, but plagiarism of any forms or kinds is a serious problem in research and scientific writing. The paper suggests that all researchers, including authors, editors and reviewers should know about the plagiarism and how to avoid it by following ethical guidelines and using the plagiarism detection software. The paper also describes the concept of plagiarism and its various types, providing some important suggestions to avoid it, ensuring research integrity.
Penentuan Prioritas Perbaikan Jalan di Desa Gawan Menggunakan Algoritma Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Alfarizy Muhammad Rifal , Mandiri Mochammad Hazmi Cokro , Azhar Yufis
Published: February 2021

Seiring berjalannya waktu, jalan dapat mengalami penurunan kualitas hingga kerusakan. Kerusakan jalan tentunya sangat mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat dan akan menjadi lebih buruk ketika banyak jalan yang rusak secara bersamaan dalam waktu dekat. Maka dari itu, diperlukan tindakan perawatan dan perbaikan jalan dengan cepat dan tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Gawan dan bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas perbaikan jalan menggunakan metode AHP. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam metode AHP ini adalah kondisi jalan, perkerasan jalan, status jalan, fungsi jalan, dan kelas jalan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kriteria yang memiliki bobot tertinggi adalah kondisi jalan dengan bobot 0.505 dan ruas jalan dengan kode 540900081082 menjadi prioritas pertama untuk perbaikan dengan bobot akhir 0.312172641 dan kondisi jalan rusak.Seiring berjalannya waktu, jalan dapat mengalami penurunan kualitas hingga kerusakan. Kerusakan jalan tentunya sangat mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat dan akan menjadi lebih buruk ketika banyak jalan yang rusak secara bersamaan dalam waktu dekat. Maka dari itu, diperlukan tindakan perawatan dan perbaikan jalan dengan cepat dan tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Gawan dan bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas perbaikan jalan menggunakan metode AHP. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam metode AHP ini adalah kondisi jalan, perkerasan jalan, status jalan, fungsi jalan, dan kelas jalan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kriteria yang memiliki bobot tertinggi adalah kondisi jalan dengan bobot 0.505 dan ruas jalan dengan kode 540900081082 menjadi prioritas pertama untuk perbaikan dengan bobot akhir 0.312172641 dan kondisi jalan rusak.
Analog and Mixed Signal Diagnosis Flow Using Fault Isolation Techniques and Simulation
Authors: Melis Tommaso , Simeu Emmanuel , Auvray Etienne
Published: February 2021

Getting accurate fault isolation during failure analysis is mandatory for success of Physical Failure Analysis (PFA) in critical applications. Unfortunately, achieving such accuracy is becoming more and more difficult with today’s diagnosis tools and actual process node such as BCD9 and FinFET 7 nm, compromising the success of subsequent PFA done on defective SoCs. Electrical simulation is used to reproduce emission microscopy, in our previous work and, in this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of using fault simulation tools with the results of electrical test and fault isolation techniques to provide diagnosis with accurate candidates for physical analysis. The experimental results of the presented flow, from several cases of application, show the validity of this approach.
Short Wavelength Probing for Fault Isolation Applications
Authors: Krishnan Ravikumar Venkat , Winson Lua , Somasundaram Vasanth , Angeline Phoa , Leong Pey Kin , Yang Joel K.W.
Published: February 2021

Short wavelength probing (SWP) uses wavelengths of light shorter than 1100 nm or energies higher than silicon bandgap for laser probing applications. While SWP allows a significant improvement to spatial resolution, there are aberrations to the collected laser probing waveforms which result in difficulties in signal interpretations. In this work, we assess the signals collected through SWP (785 nm) and introduce a photodiode model to explain the observations. We also present a successful case study using 785 nm for failure analysis in sub-20 nm FinFET technology.
Elemental TEM Tomography of Phase Change Memory Artificial Intelligence Hardware Case Study
Authors: Demarest J. , Brew K. , Jagannathan H. , Rizzolo O. Ogundipe M. , Robinson C. , Tierney L. , Toole K.
Published: February 2021

Power consumption of conventional CMOS semiconductor architectures has grown to the point where novel structures need to be introduced to mitigate the power load within the chip. The introduction of the specialized artificial intelligence devices goes hand in hand with the inception of novel materials and processes into conventional semiconductor fabrication, which drives the need for expanding the host of failure analysis techniques and diagnostic capabilities. This paper describes a case study of elemental transmission electron microscopy tomography on an exploratory phase change memory test structure and comments upon some technique observations: advantages and disadvantages.
In-Situ Thermal Chamber 3D X-Ray Computed Tomography for Non-Destructive Detection of Submicron Via-Crack in Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Choi Daechul , Ji Sooyoung , Choi Jaelim , Kim Miyang , Yang Eunju , Park Sangeun , Kim Jongyun , Kim Han
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate a case for non-destructive detection of submicron wide via-crack in printed circuit boards (PCBs) by using in-situ thermal chamber 3D x-ray computed tomography. The defect location is verified by a PFA (Physical Failure Analysis), and good agreement was made. This fault isolation method is proposed as a possible solution for identifying submicron cracks in PCB substrates during challenging investigations.
A Novel Sample Preparation Approach for Dopant Profiling of 14 nm FinFET Devices with Scanning Capacitance Microscopy
Authors: Adhikari Nirmal , Kaszuba Phil , Mathieu Gaitan , McCullen Erik , Hartswick Thom , Myer Joe
Published: February 2021

Three-dimensional device (FinFET) doping requirements are challenging due to fin sidewall doping, crystallinity control, junction profile control, and leakage control in the fin. In addition, physical failure analyses of FinFETs can frequently reach a “dead end” with a No Defect Found (NDF) result when channel doping issues are the suspected culprit (e.g., high Vt, low Vt, low gain, sub-threshold leakage, etc.). In new technology development, the lack of empirical dopant profile data to support device and process models and engineering has had, and continues to have, a profound negative impact on these emerging technologies. Therefore, there exists a critical need for dopant profiling in the industry to support the latest technologies that use FinFETs as their fundamental building block [1]. Here, we discuss a novel sample preparation method for cross-sectional dopant profiling of FinFET devices. Our results show that the combination of low voltage (<500eV), shallow angle (~10 degree) ion milling, dry etching, and mechanical polishing provides an adequately smooth surface (Rq<5Å) and minimizes surface amorphization, thereby allowing a strong Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) signal representative of local active dopant (carrier) concentration. The strength of the dopant signal was found to be dependent upon mill rate, electrical contact quality, amorphous layer presence and SCM probe quality. This paper focuses on a procedure to overcome critical issues during sample preparation for dopant profiling in FinFETs.
UZAKTAN İÇ DENETİM VE UZAKTAN İÇ DENETİMİN SINIRLILIKLARI
Authors: AĞDENİZ Şafak , ÇETİN Cem
Published: February 2021

Günümüzde kullanılan bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri uzaktan denetimi mümkün kılmaktadır. COVID-19 salgını ile birlikte birçok meslek gibi iç denetim de uzaktan devam etmiştir. Ancak geliştirilen ve önerilen uzaktan denetim modelleri bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin denetime entegre edilmesiyle denetimin ne şekilde gerçekleştirilebileceğine yöneliktir. Salgın gibi kriz dönemlerinde gerçekleştirilen uzaktan denetim çalışmaları bir takım belirsizlikler ve şartlar altında yürütülmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı uzaktan çalışma döneminde iç denetim faaliyetinin ne şekilde gerçekleştirildiğinin ortaya konulması, olası risklerin belirlenmesi ve sınırlılıkların ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak devlet üniversitelerinin iç denetim birimleri ile görüşülmüştür. Pandemi döneminde denetim faaliyetine devam eden üniversitelerin geleneksel denetim anlayışı ile denetimi devam ettirdikleri ve yapılan denetimlerde iletişimin önemli bir kısıt olduğu tespit edilen ana başlıklardır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların yeni normalde ve kriz dönemlerinde yapılacak iç denetim faaliyetlerinin daha etkin, etkili ve verimli yapılmasına olanak sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
KUR ŞOKLARI VE ENERJİ SEKTÖRÜNDE DEĞER DÜŞÜKLÜĞÜ SORUNSALI
Authors: KUZUCUOĞLU Ahmet , KIYMETLİ ŞEN İlker
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Özel Sektörün döviz borçlarının son yıllarda artışına dikkat çekerek, yaşanan ve yaşanacak kur şoklarının, şirketlerin bilançoları üzerindeki yıkıcı etkilerinin sadece finansal borçlarının çevrilebilmesi değil, döviz kuruna bağlı fiyat artışlarının hemen yansıtılamadığı sektörlerde Varlıklarda Değer Düşüklüğü Standardı çerçevesinde oluşabilecek zararların teknik iflas gibi hukuki müeyyideleri olan bir sonuca evrilmesine dikkati çekmektir. Dövize bağlı finansal borçların uzun vadeli olması da bu durumu süreğen sorunsal haline getirebilecektir. Yapılan örnek çalışma enerji sektörü özelinde bir inceleme olup, araştırmacılara diğer sektörlerle ilgili yapacakları çalışmalarda yön verebilmeyi ve yasa koyuculara teknik iflas hesabında günlük geçici çözümler yerine uzun vadeli sürdürülebilir bir hesaplama önerisi içermektedir.
PREVALENCIA Y CARACTERIZACIÓN MOLECULAR DE ESCHERICHIA COLIY SALMONELLA SPP. EN GALLINAS DE GUINEA (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS) EN DOS RANCHOS DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Authors:   Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, México, Flores Alfonso Perla Alejandra , Mendoza Nazar Paula , Ruíz Sesma Benigno , Bautista Trujillo Gerardo Uriel , López Ochoa Néstor Alonso
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la prevalencia y caracterizar molecular-mente los aislamientos de Escherichia coli y Salmonella spp. en gallinas de Guinea (Numida meleagris) en dos ranchos de los municipios de Villaflores y La Trinitaria, Chiapas, México. Se muestrearon aleatoriamente un total de 23 guineas, de las cuales se tomaron muestras cloacales para la identificación bacteriana mediante medios selectivos, mientras que para la caracterización molecular se analizó el gen rfbO157 (productor de toxina Shiga). El análisis de datos se realizó mediante prevalencia puntual. Los resultados mostraron que no se encontró presencia de Salmonella spp. ni de Escherichia coli en las guineas del rancho de La Trinitaria. En cuanto a las guineas muestreadas en el rancho de Villaflores, tampoco se encontró presencia de Salmonellaspp., sin embargo, se encontró una prevalencia del 95% de Escherichia coli. La caracterización molecular del 10% de las muestras de Escherichia coli permitió identificar al serotipo O157:H7 (productor de toxina Shiga). No se encontró prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en guineas; sin embargo, el estudio demuestra que las gallinas de guinea son portadoras de Escherichia coli O157:H7, por lo que es preciso seguir con estudios del impacto del serotipo en la sanidad animal, así como en la salud pública.
Дитяча безпритульність на Житомирщині в 1921-1928 роках та шляхи її подолання
Authors: Бондрчук Микола
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the measures taken by the relevant Soviet authorities in the Zhytomyr region during the New Economic Policy (NEP) to eliminate the manifestations of child homelessness. Objectives of the study: to determine the main causes of child homelessness and its manifestations in the region during the NEP; to explore the ways and the methods of struggle by the Soviet autorities against them. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific (logical, comparative), special historical methods (problem-chronological). They allowed us to determine this period, in which the problem of child homelessness is studied specifically, in chronological and logical sequence. Comparative analysis was used to study individual phenomena of this process. The study based on the principles of science, historicism and objectivity. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the problem of manifestations of this problem has been condact in this region in 1921-1928 and ways to combat them. New archival documents on this problem and materials of periodicals of those years were put into scientific circulation. The attempt has been made to give an objective, unbiased assessment of these phenomena and the actions of the Soviet authorities in those years.
Conclusions. The new economic policy of the Soviet state during the 1920's was implemented against the background of increasing manifestations of various social anomalies. The struggle against them took place against the background of the difficult socio-economic situation in which society found itself after the civil war. According to the analysis of archival sources, the Soviet authorities paid great importance to these measures, and first of all to their termination. These problems were caused by various factors, but primarily - the destructive processes in society itself and the struggle of the soviet authorities for the establishment of their power. This also applies to the events and the recent Civil War in the former Russian Empire and the state liberation struggle in Ukraine in 1917-1921. The establishment of the Volyn Commission for Assistance to Children in 1923 helped reduce the development of child homelessness in this region.
Галісійський націоналізм: історія та сучасність
Authors: Годлевська Валентина
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to cover the history and determine the relevance of Galician nationalism. The origin and development of the nationalist movement in the region is analyzed. In our study general scientific and special historical and political science methods were applied. The general scientific methods (deductive and inductive, analysis and synthesis) were used as specific cognitive tools necessary to implement the principles of historicism, systematicism and objectivity. The general and special historical methods (historical-typological, statistical, comparative-historical, problem-chronological) allowed us to make a comprehensive analysis of the problem of Galician nationalism. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author, for the first time in the national historical science, analyzes the features of Galician nationalism, the history of its development and the current state. Galician nationalism took shape in the 19th century. Among the predecessors of Galician nationalism, three movements can be distinguished: provincialism, federalism, and regionalism. Provincialism (later called Galicianism) was a movement that emerged in 1840 with the aim of protecting the integrity of the territory of Galicia. Regionalism became an intermediate phase in the evolution of the Galician movement between provincialism and nationalism. Galician federalism began to develop in 1865. The federalists argued that Galicia should be formed as a canton within Spain and that it be governed by its own cantonal constitution. Conclusions. As one of the four historic autonomous regions of Spain (along with Catalonia, the Basque Country and Andalusia), Galicia is significantly different in its understanding of its own nationalism. While Catalonia and the Basque Country strive for even greater independence, including threats of secession from the state, the nationalist movement in Galicia is becoming less tangible.
Культурно-громадська діяльність Михайла Грушевського кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття у висвітленні польської публіцистики
Authors: Тельвак Вікторія
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to clarify the features of the Polish reaction to cultural and social activities of M. Hrushevsky in Galicia at the end of the 20-th - beginning of the 21-st century. The methodological basis is an interdisciplinary approach. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural-functional systematic analysis of historiographical facts and the method of critical analysis of documentary material. The scientific novelty of the article lies in an attempt to analyse the reaction to cultural and social activities of M. Hrushevsky in the pages of Polish journalism at the end of the 20-th - beginning of the 21-st century. Conclusions. As a result, we would like to note that in contrast to the ambivalent attitude of Polish intellectuals to the scientific works of M. Hrushevsky, their assessments of his cultural and social activity were unanimously negative. Polish politicians from the opposing camps united in their reckless rejection of the demand for at least apparent equality in the civil rights of Ukrainians and Poles in the Galician region. This attitude was the result of the solidary conviction of all political elites about the historical “Polishness” of the East Galician territories, where Ukrainians can only have the rights of a national minority. Therefore, instead of an adequate reception of M. Hrushevsky’s proposals regarding the normalization of the Polish-Ukrainian dialogue, Polish journalism mostly resorted to profanation and ridicule of his initiatives in order to portray the opponent as a hopeless dreamer or a dangerous radical. Such a rejection of M. Hrushevsky’s proposals for the establishment of interethnic understanding on the basis of mutual respect and equality resulted, as we know, in many tragic events in the Polish-Ukrainian history of the first half of the twentieth century.
Formation of architectural environment in modern museum complexes
Authors: Abaimova E. L. , Skopintsev A. V. , Morgun N. A.
Published: February 2021

The work considers the external factors influencing the architectural environment of modern museums: new technologies and ways of delivering visual information; changing the consciousness of a “consumer” of the museum space; the presence of functions and public spaces “competing” with the museum. The work describes the structural (basic) components of the architectural expositions in museum complexes. Based on the analysis of the Russian and foreign museums, the promising trends and approaches to the creation of the architectural environment in modern museums are identified: 1) polyfunctionality; 2) transition from the “museum-temple” model to the “museum-show” model; 3) boundary merging between interior and exterior; 4) scenario and functional approach to the exhibition environment. Based on the data obtained, it possible to create a model of the integrated approach to the architectural environment in a modern museum complex.