bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El principio de proporcionalidad: cortapisa al abuso de la potestad disciplinaria
Authors: Roa Salguero David Alonso
Published: January 2016

En el presente artículo se estudia la importancia del principio de proporcionalidad en el derecho disciplinario a partir de su aparición en el derecho administrativo sancionador; así como el deber y atención de la autoridad disciplinaria en la imposición de las sanciones de acuerdo con las nuevas tendencias del derecho constitucional, con el desarrollo legal en el derecho disciplinario colombiano y su reconocimiento doctrinario y jurisprudencial, a fin de verificar su incidencia práctica y ubicación en el trámite de un proceso disciplinario al imponerse sanciones. Se analiza la reforma al Código Disciplinario Único, objetada por el Gobierno Nacional a través del Departamento Administrativo de la Función Pública, a fin de verificar allí la importancia que dio al principio de proporcionalidad.
¿Policializar o judicializar?: reflexiones sobre la fase de investigación como parte del proceso penal en Venezuela
Authors: Ávila Keymer
Published: January 2016

Ante la promulgación del Decreto con Rango, Valor y Fuerza de Ley Orgánica del Servicio de Policía de Investigación, el Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas y el Servicio Nacional de Medicina y Ciencias Forenses (LOSPI) y la última reforma del Código Orgánico Procesal Penal (COPP), ambos publicados en junio de 2012, surge la interrogante: ¿la investigación penal debe ser entendida como parte del servicio de policía o como una fase del proceso penal? En el presente trabajo se hace una reflexión crítica sobre la misma.
The Use of Canine Stifle Orthotics for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency
Authors: Carr Brittany Jean , Canapp Sherman O , Meilleur Stephanie , Christopher Scott A , Collins Jeffery , Cox Catherine
Published: January 2016

Objective: To assess weight bearing of dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with a custom stifle orthotic.

Background: Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs. While there are numerous options for surgical management, surgery is not always an option. Recently, the use of canine stifle orthotics has also emerged as a means to non-surgically manage patients with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency. 

Evidentiary value:  This is a retrospective study of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic.

Methods: Medical records (January 2005- December 2012) of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic were reviewed.  Temporospatial gait analysis was performed using a pressure sensing walkway at baseline and 90 days or greater post orthotic placement to identify weight bearing with total pressure index % (TPI%).

Results: TPI% improved significantly by 5.1% in the affected limb when compared to baseline (p = 0.0020). At final gait analysis, TPI% significantly improved by 3% in the affected limb with the orthotic off when compared to the unaffected limb (p = 0.0020).

Conclusion: Custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing in the affected limb.

Application: Custom canine stifle orthotics should be considered for cases with concurrent medical conditions or financial constraints that do not allow for surgical intervention.
No Evidence That Therapeutic Systemic Corticosteroid Administration is Associated With Laminitis in Adult Horses Without Underlying Endocrine or Severe Systemic Disease.
Authors: McGowan Cathy , Cooper Daniel , Ireland Joanne
Published: January 2016

Clinical bottom line

There is currently no conclusive evidence to support a causal association between therapeutic systemic corticosteroid administration and the development of laminitis in healthy adult horses/ponies.

There is weak evidence of an association between administration of multiple doses of systemic corticosteroid and the onset of laminitis in adult horses/ponies with underlying endocrine disorders or severe systemic disease.
Is Robenacoxib Superior to Meloxicam in Improving Patient Comfort in Dogs Diagnosed With a Degenerative Joint Process?
Authors: Swallow Adam
Published: January 2016

Clinical bottom line

At normal clinical doses, there is no evidence that robenacoxib would provide superior patient comfort compared to meloxicam.
The staircase of evidence – a new metaphor displaying the core principles of Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Arlt Sebastian Patrick
Published: January 2016

Background: Veterinary practitioners and clinicians should base their clinical decisions on the best evidence obtainable to provide best patient care. The evidence of information concerning diagnostic or therapeutic procedures and disease prevention can be ranked from weak to strong based on the methodology the information is generated by. Teaching the concepts and strategies of Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, however, can be challenging. Students and practitioners should become competent in defining a clinical problem, retrieving of information from the literature and independent critical thinking. Several authors illustrated the levels of evidence ranked from strongest to weakest using a pyramid metaphor. The basis reflects information of the lowest evidence and towards the tip the evidence increases. The metaphorical concept of the pyramid, i.e. solid foundation and a narrow tip, however, does not adequately represent the hierarchy of evidence as the high evidence levels are represented by narrow fields and vice versa. Results: We propose an alternative schematic which may be used in order to display the respective evidence levels as a staircase. A reading pictogram character illustrates that the search for information should start at the highest step. To assess which metaphor can be more easily interpreted and is intuitively accessible a survey among 5th semester veterinary students was performed which was completed by 100 respondents. According to the results both metaphors adequately display the hierarchy of evidence. The staircase better represents the fact that high evidence information is more likely to be true and that one should start to look for high evidence when searching information. In contrast more students found that the pyramid represents distracting information i. e. that opinions and information from the internet provide a solid knowledge base. Conclusions: The staircase of evidence displays better the evidentiary value of information and how to perform a search for information of high evidence compared to the pyramid of evidence. It therefore can help to teach information search and interpretation strategies in order to answer specific clinical questions.
Letter from the Editor
Authors: Evans Richard
Published: January 2016

An introduction to Veterinary Evidence from the Editor-in-Chief
Finding the Evidence
Authors: Boulton Clare
Published: January 2016

A slide-cast of Clare Boulton’s presentation from EBVM Skills Day 2015, London.
Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS
Authors: Editor Managing
Published: January 2016

Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS, from around 1864. They are part of a collection of almost 400 illustrations acquired by the RCVS Trust in 1990. This collection will be catalogued, digitised and made available online, along with many other historic and valuable papers, as part of the RCVS Archives Project. For more information visit here: https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/support-us/rcvs-archives-project/

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The Chemical Potential of Water in Soils and Sediments
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Weber Tobias K.D.
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas

Measurements of the true chemical potential of water in soils are presented.

The thermodynamic state of water is not uniform in up to 80% of the pore spaces of soils and sediments.

Application of the chemical potential of water in biogeochemical studies of soils is discussed.

The chemical potential of water characterizes the thermodynamic state of the aqueous environment in soils and sediments. In the presence of clay minerals and other fines, such as organic matter and silt, it is lower than at standard state (less than −237.18 kJ mol‐1). As a result, chemical reactions may proceed rather differently than in an ideal aqueous solution. This is currently not considered in biogeochemical models of soils and sediments. Therefore, we conducted a series of quantitative measurements of water's chemical potential in soils of various clay content. We can show that the amount of pore water in soils traditionally determined gravimetrically from water loss after drying at 105°C, overestimates the pore water that is thermodynamically at standard state. We discuss implications for biogeochemical processes in soils and sediments and give evidence that clay content is a good predictor for an estimate of chemical potential. Although the accurate chemical potential of water has so far received little attention, it may emerge as a useful tool in soils sciences, geochemistry, and other related disciplines.
Organic Amendment and Plant Growth Improved Aggregation in Cu/Pb‐Zn Tailings
Authors: Yuan Mingrui , Xu Zhi Ping , Baumgartl Thomas , Huang Longbin
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas

Organic matters rich in functional groups (e.g. amines, carboxylic, and hydroxylic) stimulated the microaggregation of fine silt/silt particles in Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings.

Plant growth favored the formation of macroaggregates and large macroaggregates in the silty tailings.

Microbial activities and amorphous Fe/Al/Si in the rhizosphere tailings galvanized the stability of aggregates in the tailings.

Improving aggregation in base metal mine tailings is an important step in stimulating the formation of technosols for successful phytostabilization. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of organic amendments and the growth of pioneer plant species on aggregation of Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings under glasshouse conditions. The tailings were amended with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) residue (SR) and its compost (SC) at 5% (w/w), and were incubated with or without red flinders (Iseilema vaginiflorum Domin) growth in a pot‐culture experiment for 40 d. The organic amendments mainly stimulated tailings microaggregation through organo‐mineral interactions, due to increased aggregate‐associated organic C (OC) contents. The plant colonization in the amended tailings further induced macroaggregation. Organic functional groups involved in the aggregation were identified as amine, carboxylic, and hydroxylic groups in the SR and SC. The SC contained higher levels of these groups than the SR, resulting in its greater effects on microaggregation. The addition of organic matters (OM) and plant colonization increased the contents of microbial biomass and poorly crystalline Fe in the rhizosphere, which were correlated well with the aggregate stability. As a result, both OMs containing functional groups and pioneer plant culture were found to stimulate aggregation and the development of technosols in Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings.
Stress Distribution under Forestry Machinery and Consequences for Soil Stability
Authors: Riggert R. , Fleige F. , Kietz B. , Gaertig T. , Horn R.
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas

Stress impacts of forestry machinery exceed soil stability and cause soil degradation.

Special forestry machinery is able to reduce stress impacts significantly.

Only weight reduction and cleat tracks combined lead to stable soil conditions in topsoil.

The major principal stress (σ1) of modern wheels and cleat‐track forestry machinery was evaluated regarding changes in soil strength during multiple traffic experiments. Four heavy machines up to 32 Mg and three smaller machines up to 6.5 Mg were tested on soils derived from loess and glacial till in Lower Saxony, northwest Germany. The σ1 was measured at different soil depths by a stress‐state transducer system. Undisturbed soil samples were also taken to identify precompression stress (Pc) in order to quantify the ratio of Pc and actual σ1. This ratio is used to describe soil stability responses to specific machinery impacts and offers additional physical soil parameters useful for estimating soil structural changes. The value of σ1 generally decreased with depth and with an increasing number of traffic events. The findings show considerable differences in σ1 (up to 43%) following the first and second passes. A specially designed cleat‐track lumber hauler was able to reduce σ1 by about 64% compared with the typical wheeled forwarder. Although Pc/σ1 ratios developed in the surface soils following traffic by both light and heavy machinery, this ratio dramatically increased for heavy machinery. While on the one hand trafficking during harvesting did not change the soil strength in the subsoil, the negative outcome of these tests on the other hand indicated that only one of the seven tested machines equipped with a special dynamic driving system and containing a lower load was able to maintain σ1 smaller than the internal strength of the soil at all depths and did not exceed the site‐specific strength history.
Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Stalker Aaron L. , Rasby Rick , Shaver Tim M. , Drewnoski Mary E. , van Donk Simon , Kibet Leonard
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas

Water erosion did not increase after one season of grazing, but it significantly increased after seven seasons of grazing.

Baling increased water erosion and its effects were larger than grazing.

Water erosion increased as residue cover decreased.

A better understanding of the implications of corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing and baling on soil and environmental quality is needed to develop sustainable integrated crop–livestock production systems. We studied how corn residue grazing and baling impacted water erosion in a rainfed and an irrigated site in Nebraska after one and seven grazing seasons, respectively. Treatments were grazing (4.4 animal unit mo [AUM] ha−1), baling, and control (no residue removal) in triplicate at the rainfed site on a Yutan silty clay loam (6% slope) and light grazing (2.5 AUM ha−1), heavy grazing (5 AUM ha−1), baling, and control in duplicate at the irrigated site on Duroc loam and Satanta loam (5.3% slope). We measured erosion under simulated rainfall for 30 min at an intensity of 6.3 ± 1.2 cm h−1. Erosion did not increase after one season of grazing at the rainfed site, but it significantly increased after seven seasons of grazing at the irrigated site. At this site, both heavy and light grazing increased runoff by 3.3 mm and sediment loss by 0.26 Mg ha−1. Baling had larger effects on water erosion than grazing. Across both sites, baling reduced time to runoff start by 14 min and increased runoff by 13 mm and sediment loss by 2.7 Mg ha−1. While grazing after seven seasons increased nutrient loss, baling caused larger nutrient losses at both sites. Overall, grazing caused runoff losses of sediment, C, and nutrients in the long term, but baling consistently increased such losses in both short and long term.
Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies
Authors: Katanda Yeukai , Zvomuya Francis , Flaten Don , Cicek Nazim
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas

Struvite recovered from liquid hog manure is a slow‐release P source.

Recovered struvite produced yields that matched or exceeded those from MAP fertilizers.

Despite its slow‐release properties, struvite supplied adequate P to the crops.

Recovery of manure P as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O), commonly known as struvite, can mitigate the risk of P contamination of surface water bodies from hog operations. The slow release of P from struvite may help improve crop P use efficiency. This greenhouse bioassay evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of liquid hog manure recovered struvite. Struvite, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer‐coated MAP (CMAP) were evaluated for canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two low soil test P (Olsen P < 6 mg kg−1) soils: a sandy Gleyed Regosol (Typic Haplaquent) and a clay loamy Orthic Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll). The fertilizers were applied either in the seed row or in a sideband at 1.1 and 2.2 g P m−2 rates. In both soils, struvite produced canola dry matter (DM) yield (DMY, 2.4 g kg−1 soil), P uptake (5.9 mg P kg−1 soil), P recovery efficiency (43%), and agronomic efficiency (0.15 g DM mg−1 P) that were similar to those of MAP and CMAP in the first crop phase. Moreover, at the 2.2 g P m−2 rate, struvite produced significantly greater canola DMY than MAP in the second crop phase and both MAP and CMAP in the third crop phase. Overall, wheat did not produce significant responses to P fertilization. These results indicate that struvite recovered from liquid hog manure can supply sufficient P to sustain yields and P use efficiency matching or exceeding those for MAP.
Heterogeneous photodegradation of methylene blue with iron and tea or coffee polyphenols in aqueous solutions
Authors: Morikawa Claudio Kendi , Shinohara Makoto
Published: January 2016

Recently, we developed two new Fenton catalysts using iron (Fe) and spent tea leaves or coffee grounds as raw material. In this study, Fe-to-tea or Fe-to-coffee polyphenol complexes were successfully tested as heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts. The photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue solutions with Fe-to-polyphenol complexes was higher than that of homogeneous iron salts in the photo-Fenton process. Furthermore, the tested Fe-to-polyphenol complexes could be reused by simply adding H2O2 to the solutions. After three sequential additions of H2O2, the conventional catalysts FeCl2·4H2O and FeCl3 removed only 16.6% and 53.6% of the dye, while the catalysts made using spent coffee grounds and tea leaves removed 94.4% and 96.0% of the dye, respectively. These results showed that the complexes formed between Fe and chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid and catechin, which are the main polyphenols in tea and coffee, can be used to improve the photo-Fenton process.
Contributions to the design of rainwater harvesting systems in buildings with green roofs in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Monteiro Cristina M. , Calheiros Cristina S. C. , Pimentel-Rodrigues Carla , Silva-Afonso Armando , Castro Paula M. L.
Published: January 2016

Green roofs (GRs) are becoming a trend in urban areas, favouring thermal performance of buildings, promoting removal of atmospheric pollutants, and acting as possible water collection spots. Rainwater harvesting systems in buildings can also contribute to the management of stormwater runoff reducing flood peaks. These technologies should be enhanced in Mediterranean countries where water scarcity is increasing and the occurrence of extreme events is becoming very significant, as a result of climate change. An extensive pilot GR with three aromatic plant species, Satureja montana, Thymus caespititius and Thymus pseudolanuginosus, designed to study several parameters affecting rainwater runoff, has been in operation for 12 months. Physico-chemical analyses of roof water runoff (turbidity, pH, conductivity, NH4+, NO3−, PO43−, chemical oxygen demand) have shown that water was of sufficient quality for non-potable uses in buildings, such as toilet flushing. An innovative approach allowed for the development of an expression to predict a ‘monthly runoff coefficient’ of the GR system. This parameter is essential when planning and designing GRs combined with rainwater harvesting systems in a Mediterranean climate. This study is a contribution to improving the basis for the design of rainwater harvesting systems in buildings with extensive GRs under a Mediterranean climate.
Effect of sodium salt on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste
Authors: Anwar Naveed , Wang Wen , Zhang Jie , Li Yeqing , Chen Chang , Liu Guangqing , Zhang Ruihong
Published: January 2016

The effect of different sodium salt concentration on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste was investigated. The methane production performance, the corresponding methane production model and sodium salt inhibition model were studied, and the degradation efficiency was analyzed. With the increase of sodium salt concentration, the methane yield and the maximal methane production rate decreased along with the increase of lag phase time. The highest methane yield of 594 mL/g-VSadded (VS: volatile solids) was found with no sodium salt addition while the lowest was obtained with addition of 16 g/L NaCl. The declines of the methane yield were negligible when the sodium salt concentration was below 8 g/L, which corresponded to <10% inhibiting efficiency. In contrast, a sharp decrease of methane yield was observed with addition of >8 g/L NaCl (causing 17–80% inhibition). Five kinds of regression models were developed to describe the sodium salt inhibition efficiency, and the cubic regression model of y = 0.508 + 2.401x − 0.369x2 + 0.033x3 showed the best fitting. The volatile fatty acids/ethanol gradually accumulated along with the increase of the sodium salt concentration, and the volatile solid removal efficiency represented a gradual decline accordingly. It is recommended that the sodium salt concentration in the anaerobic digesters should be controlled below 8 g/L in order to avoid intense methane inhibition.
Isolation and growth kinetics of a novel phenol-degrading bacterium Microbacterium oxydans from the sediment of Taihu Lake (China)
Authors: Wang Linqiong , Li Yi , Niu Lihua , Dai Yu , Wu Yue , Wang Qing
Published: January 2016

Seven phylogenetically diverse phenol-degrading bacterial strains designated as P1 to P7 were isolated from the industry-effluent dump sites of an industrial area near Taihu Lake, China. Through the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these strains were widely distributed among five different genera: Rhodococcus (P1), Pseudomonas (P2–P4), Acinetobacter (P5), Alcaligenes (P6), and Microbacterium (P7). All seven isolates were capable of growing with phenol as the sole carbon source. Strain P7 was found to be a novel phenol-degrading strain by detailed morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristic analysis as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analyses, and was named Microbacterium oxydans LY1 (M. oxydans LY1 in its short form). Degradation experiments of phenol at various initial concentrations (20–1,000 mg/L) revealed that phenol is an inhibitory substrate to M. oxydans LY1. In a batch culture experiment, more than 95% of the phenol (500 mg/L) was degraded by M. oxydans LY1 at 30°C, pH 7.0 and 120 rpm within 88 h. Phenol concentration higher than 200 mg/L was found to inhibit the bacterial growth. The growth kinetics correlated well with the Haldane model with μmax (maximum specific cell growth rate) = 0.243 h−1, Ks (saturation constant) = 25.7 mg/L, and Ki (self-inhibition constant) = 156.3 mg/L. This is the first report of the ability of M. oxydans to degrade phenol, and the results could provide important information for bioremediation of phenol-contaminated environments.
Estimates of External Validity Bias When Impact Evaluations Select Sites Nonrandomly
Authors: Bell Stephen H. , Olsen Robert B. , Orr Larry L. , Stuart Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2016

Evaluations of educational programs or interventions are typically conducted in nonrandomly selected samples of schools or districts. Recent research has shown that nonrandom site selection can yield biased impact estimates. To estimate the external validity bias from nonrandom site selection, we combine lists of school districts that were selected nonrandomly for 11 educational impact studies with population data on student outcomes from the Reading First program. Our analysis finds that on average, if an impact study of Reading First were conducted in the districts from these 11 studies, the impact estimate would be biased downward. In particular, it would be 0.10 standard deviations lower than the impact in the broader population from which the samples were selected, a substantial bias based on several benchmarks of comparison.
Evaluation of possible mechanisms of three plants for blood glucose control in diabetes
Authors: Dalu Damayanthi , Dhulipala Satyavati
Published: January 2016

This study was conducted to provide the evidence for the mechanism of  anti-diabetic activity of Cocculus orbiculatus, Leea indica and Ventilago maderaspatana. This was accomplished by employing methods like uptake of glucose, glycogen synthesis and inhibition of α-glucosidase. For uptake of glucose, diaphragms were dissected out in Tyrode solution with 2% glucose and assayed for glucose content. In glycogen synthesis methodology liver, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscles were isolated, homogenized and glycogen content was analyzed. In α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition procedure involved estimation of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. All the three plant extracts exhibited significant (p<0.05 - p<0.01) anti-diabetic activity by increasing glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme. Among the three plants, V. maderaspatana (500 mg/kg) exhibited higher glucose uptake, glycogen content and α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 145 µg/mL). The present experimental results evidenced the anti-diabetic activity of three plants by all the three mechanisms.

 
Echocardiography as a Predicting Method in Diagnosis, Evaluation and Assessment of Children with Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Bejiqi Ramush , Bejiqi Hana , Retkoceri Ragip
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Obstruction to the left ventricular outflow of the heart may be above the aortic valve (5%), at the valve (74%), or in the subvalvar region (23%). These anomalies represent 3 to 6% of all patients with congenital heart defects (CHD), and it occurs more often in males (male-female ratio of 4:1).AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosis of discrete subaortic membrane, to determine convenient time for surgical intervention, and for identifying involvement of the aortic valve by subaortic shelf.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records and echocardiograms of 18 patients [14 male (77%) and 4 female (23%)] with discrete subaortic membrane, aged 11 month to 12 years, with mean age of 5 years and 3 month, diagnosed at the Pediatric Clinic in Prishtina, during the period September, 1999 and December, 2010 were done.RESULTS: Four patients, in neonatal age were operated from critical coarctation of the aorta and, initial signs of congestive heart failure were presented. 2 of them were operated in Belgrade, Serbia and 2 in Lausanne, Switzerland.CONCLUSION: In all presented patients bicuspid aortic valve was noted, but none of them subaortic membrane was registered.
Role of Cardiac Myocytes Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein Depletion (H-FABP) in Early Myocardial Infarction in Human Heart (Autopsy Study)
Authors: Shabaiek Amany , Ismael Nour El-Hoda , Elsheikh Samar , Amin Hebat Allah
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Many immunohistochemical markers have been used in the postmortem detection of early myocardial infarction.AIM: In the present study we examined the role of Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), in the detection of early myocardial infarction.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We obtained samples from 40 human autopsy hearts with/ without histopathological signs of ischemia.RESULTS: All cases of definite and probable myocardial infarction showed a well-defined area of H-FABP depletion. All of the control cases showed strong H-FABP expression, except two markedly autolysed myocardial samples that showed affected antigenicity.CONCLUSION: Thus, we suggest H-FABP as being one of the valuable tools facing the problem of postmortem detection of early myocardial infarction/ischemia, but not in autolysis.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Stojceva-Taneva Olivera , Eftimovska Otovic Natasa , Taneva Borjanka
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) became a new epidemic of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal failure as a result of the diabetes epidemic worldwide.AIM: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of CKD in the Republic of Macedonia and its association with diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a part of a study conducted in 2006 in terms of screening for early detection of kidney disease. It was a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of patients aged > 20, consecutively consulting their primary physician for any cause. Fifty physicians throughout the country were included in the study. A total of 2637 patients have been analyzed based on integrity data. GFR was estimated using corrected values of serum creatinine and calculating kidney function by the Cockroft & Gault formula, adjusted for body surface using the Gehan & George formula. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min were considered as having CKD. Blood pressure, body weight, height, serum creatinine, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urinalysis and medical history for presence of cardiovascular diseases or diabetes were also assessed.RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 45.97 Â± 16.55 SD and 17.97% were older than 60. Regarding gender, 44.14% were males. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 13.9%. Subjects with CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min) were 7.53% of the total. Subjects aged 60 or above, had 20 times higher risk of having CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Out of the total group of subjects, 13.9% had diabetes mellitus and they had 3.13 times higher risk of having CKD stage 3-5 (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) when compared to non-diabetics. The results showed that diabetes was significantly more associated with lower eGFR (less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in younger subjects (age less than 60) compared to older ones (odds ratio 3.29 versus 1.21).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that chronic kidney disease is frequent in the Republic of Macedonia and is associated with older age and diabetes. Diabetes had a significantly stronger association with CKD at younger age.
Clinical Therapeutic Effects of the Application of Doxycycline in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Spasovski Spiro , Belazelkoska Zlatanka , Popovska Mirjana , Atanasovska-Stojanovska Aneta , Radojkova-Nikolovska Vera , Muratovska Ilijana , Toseska-Spasova Natasa , Dzipunova Biljana , Nikolovski Bruno
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of the application of doxycycline-full dose (100 mg) and sub-dose (20 mg) in the treatment of periodontal disease.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 patients with periodontal disease were examined. Patients are divided into two groups: A) treated with antimicrobial dose of 100 mg doxycycline once daily for 30 days, and B) treated with 2 x 20 mg/day. doxycycline, during 75 days. Among all patients a conservative treatment was carried out and ordinated the proper dose doxycycline in total dose during treatment from 3 gr. Index of dental plaque by LÃ¶e-Sillness, index of gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding by Cowell were followed.RESULTS: Values of dental plaque in relation first examination, 10th, 20th day, 1 month and 2.5 months, showed that after 2.5 months, average value (x = 0.83) of dental plaque in second group is slightly less than the value (x = 0.93) of dental plaque in the first group. The average value (x = 0.17) of gingival inflammation in second group is significantly less than the value (x = 0.50) of gingival inflammation in the first group. The average value (x = 0.97) of gingival bleeding in patients from the first group was significantly higher than value(x = 0.37) of gingival bleeding in the second group.CONCLUSION: Patients whose therapy was helped by a sub-dose doxycycline demonstrated positive therapeutic effects on gingival inflammation and bleeding.
Se construire un passé
Authors: Aulagnier Piera
Published: January 2016

L’auteur analyse les conditions permettant que l’entrée dans l’adolescence aille de pair avec l’accès à un ordre temporel qui préserve le sujet de cette confusion des temps propre à la psychose. Cela n’est possible que si le Je, au cours même de son enfance, a pu se constituer ce fonds de mémoire dans lequel vont se préserver certains éléments, moments, jalons de sa propre histoire libidinale. Mais à ce fonds de mémoire devra faire pendant ce capital fantasmatique dont le Je doit pouvoir disposer librement afin que son mémorisé reste doté de ce pouvoir émotionnel sans lequel toute nouvelle rencontre serait dépossédée de tout pouvoir de jouissance et de souffrance.
Les états-limites chez l’enfant et l’adolescent
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: January 2016

Le concept d’état-limite est l’héritier des concepts d’hétérochronie du développement (A. Freud) puis de dysharmonie évolutive (R. Misès). On le retrouve aujourd’hui sous le terme de MDD ( Multiple Developmental Disorder ) chez l’enfant et l’adolescent, et les MSDD ( Multi-System Developmental Disorder ) en sont peut-être le signe précurseur chez le très jeune enfant. Quelle continuité entre ces distorsions interactives initiales du bébé et les pathologies-limites de l’adolescent ?
Les dysharmonies de l’enfant : des entités complexes et multiples
Authors: Squires Claire
Published: January 2016

Au moment où les dysharmonies de l’enfant sont intégrées aux troubles du spectre autistique, il convient de questionner la place à leur accorder en psychopathologie. Ces enfants initialement fragiles, s’ils bénéficient d’une prise en charge très précoce, peuvent rattraper rapidement des difficultés de départ massives. Ceci souligne l’intérêt d’un repérage précoce de ces pathologies alliant les connaissances du développement, du fonctionnement psychique et des théories intersubjectives.
Fonctionnements limites de l’enfance à l’adolescence
Authors: Richard François
Published: January 2016

Chez un adolescent de seize ans, l’après-coup adolescent rend possible l’analyse d’une dysharmonie d’évolution recouverte par des défenses névrotiques. La cure permet une symbolisation satisfaisante puis interviennent un trouble subjectal et un moment délirant, ce qui amène à faire l’hypothèse d’une pathologie infantile de proximité – à la fois incestueuse et symbiotique avec l’objet maternel – qui n’était jusqu’alors perceptible qu’indirectement dans une sensation de vide et des dérobades face aux relations amoureuses.
Narration auto-biographique et breakdown
Authors: Nicolò Anna Maria , Accetti Laura
Published: January 2016

La narration auto-biographique va au-delà du simple récit intérieur. Chez les adolescents qui présentent des troubles psychiques sévères, il y a une construction plus ou moins délirante dont le but est d’organiser une structure prothétique ou grandiose pour le narcissisme. Reconstruire les moments de la vie peut être une tentative de réparer des sentiments de dispersion. L’autobiographie recréée dans l’analyse peut alors représenter une réinvention de soi.
Le cas Bernard
Authors: Bonaminio Vincenzo
Published: January 2016

Cet article présente une prise en charge clinique qui se développe de l’enfance à l’âge de jeune adulte en passant par l’adolescence, selon trois perspectives : diagnostic, psychothérapie psychanalytique et supervision. S’agit-il d’une pathologie traumatique familiale, d’une psychose infantile évoluant en état-limite à l’adolescence, d’un trouble de la subjectivation ? La technique interprétative est étudiée en détail dans son rapport aux modalités de transfert.
Discussion du cas Bernard
Authors: Richard François
Published: January 2016

Cet article discute la présentation clinique de Vincenzo Bonaminio en trois temps : diagnostic et histoire clinique, multifocalité, et interprétation du trouble de l’identification primaire – afin d’introduire une discussion sur le diagnostic différentiel entre psychose, dysharmonie d’évolution et état-limite. À partir de là, sont proposées des hypothèses sur le maniement de l’interprétation.
Un paradoxe de la réflexivité : penser sa propre mort
Authors: Jung Johann
Published: January 2016

La réorganisation psychique impliquée par la puberté fait de la réflexivité un axe majeur de l’adolescence qui éclaire autrement la problématique de la subjectivation. Dans ce contexte, la mise en scène de sa propre mort permet paradoxalement de rétablir une forme de réflexivité subjectivante à même de relancer les processus d’appropriation de soi. Ce travail s’étaye sur l’investissement d’un objet-double capable de soutenir la réflexivité en souffrance.
le travail analytique avec l’adolescent
Authors: Monniello Gianluigi
Published: January 2016

Le travail analytique avec l’adolescent implique l’élaboration des diverses formes d’attraction et de répulsion de l’originaire et de l’infantile. L’auteur propose de préciser les différents temps de la subjectivation. Ce travail insiste sur l’instauration progressive du principe de réalité, passage en lien étroit avec la recherche physiologique de l’objet sexuel. La fonction de l’analyste consiste à mettre au service de la pensée de l’adolescent sa propre capacité imaginative et de rêver éveillé.
Winnicott, entre dedans et dehors. Extraits de correspondance
Authors: Houssier Florian , Vlachopoulou Xanthie
Published: January 2016

À partir de deux lettres inédites envoyées par D. W. Winnicott à A. Freud en février 1957, nous remettons en question la représentation selon laquelle, malgré des désaccords théoriques, D. W. Winnicott serait resté plus proche des idées proposées par M. Klein et plus à l’écart de celles d’A. Freud. Nous mettons en exergue l’intérêt de D. W. Winnicott pour l’adolescence qui, loin d’être un sujet secondaire pour lui, traverse différentes époques de son parcours et sera davantage partagé avec A. Freud.
Introduction. Les relations paradoxales entre conflit et participation
Authors: Bobbio Luigi , Melé Patrice
Published: January 2016

La participation est paradoxalement accusée par les uns de brider les conflits, et par les autres d’en favoriser le développement. Cet article introductif, construit à partir de notre lecture de la littérature et d’une présentation des textes réunis dans ce numéro de Participations , propose de traiter cette question à la fois sur le plan analytique et sur le plan des valeurs. On peut se demander non seulement si les processus participatifs institutionnels ont pour effet de canaliser ou de renforcer les conflits, mais aussi, sur le plan normatif, si les conflits ne doivent jamais être évités ou apaisés, et donc quel est le sens des prises de position implicites ou explicites du côté du conflit. Au-delà des oppositions entre les deux termes, nous constatons qu’il est possible d’observer toutes les combinaisons possibles de luttes et de participation avec des effets fort différents. Nous plaidons pour des recherches sur la mise en débat local des projets publics qui analysent avec le même soin les processus de mobilisation collective et les effets des dispositifs institutionnels de participation.
Interprétations agonistiques, dialogiques et élitistes : participation et conflit dans trois cas en Italie
Authors: Pomatto Gianfranco
Published: January 2016

Le débat sur les relations entre processus participatifs et conflits s’organise autour de trois interprétations : une lecture dialogique qui considère que la participation résout ou réduit les conflits en dégageant des bénéfices collectifs ; une lecture antagoniste qui soutient, au contraire, que l’atténuation du conflit que ces processus engendrent est négative, car elle sert les politiques conservatrices ; et une lecture élitiste qui, en revanche, craint qu’ils conduisent à l’intensification des conflits. Reposant sur un bilan des études empiriques et sur une analyse de trois cas en Italie, cet article soutient que chacune de ces trois interprétations est insuffisante, et que pour faire progresser la compréhension de la relation entre processus participatifs et conflits, il est nécessaire d’élargir l’analyse empirique, en adoptant une approche qui soit capable d’appréhender les pratiques à la lumière des principales interprétations disponibles, montrant dans quelle mesure chacune d’elles est en capacité d’expliquer une partie des évidences empiriques.
Entre conflit et participation : double apprentissage dans un mini-public et un mouvement de contestation
Authors: Seguin Laura
Published: January 2016

Cet article analyse les relations paradoxales entre conflit et participation à partir de la notion d’apprentissage. Il montre que des expériences apparemment aussi opposées qu’une conférence de citoyens et une mobilisation collective entraînent des apprentissages politiques comparables – sinon identiques – chez les acteurs qui y prennent part. Ceux-ci apprennent à la fois à identifier les antagonismes (apprentissage du conflit) et à construire des accords collectifs (apprentissage de la participation ou de la délibération). L’analyse s’inscrit dans une réflexion globale sur la possibilité d’identifier des pratiques agonistiques de démocratie délibérative.
Le conflit comme mode de participation. Les habitants contestataires de la politique de prévention des risques industriels
Authors: Martinais Emmanuel
Published: January 2016

Cet article s’intéresse aux contestations riveraines qui, depuis le tournant des années 2010, visent la politique de prévention des risques industriels. Il porte plus précisément sur la mobilisation d’une cinquantaine d’associations d’habitants en colère qui s’opposent à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre des plans de prévention des risques technologiques (PPRT) instaurés par la loi du 30 juillet 2003 suite à la catastrophe d’AZF de Toulouse (2001). L’immersion au cœur de ce vaste mouvement contestataire est l’occasion d’une analyse des relations entre conflit et participation qui conduit à considérer le premier comme une modalité spécifique de la seconde.
Une participation conflictuelle : la trajectoire territoriale des mobilisations contre le gaz de schiste au Québec
Authors: Fortin Marie-José , Fournis Yann
Published: January 2016

Au conflit, souvent considéré comme un blocage aux projets de développement, devrait se substituer une « bonne » participation, selon des formes cadrées assurant un évitement des tensions. À l’encontre de ce postulat, cet article vise à revaloriser les dimensions politique, participative et conflictuelle des dynamiques entourant les grands projets, en prenant le cas du gaz de schiste au Québec. L’analyse des phases de la mobilisation territoriale contre ce mégaprojet énergétique montre l’influence de l’appropriation par les leaders locaux des dispositifs de participation, de la reconfiguration des collectifs ainsi que de la structure d’opportunité politique (le régime de ressources).
Quelles réponses aux conflits d’aménagement ? De la participation publique à la concertation
Authors: Dziedzicki Jean-Marc
Published: January 2016

On assiste en France et dans d’autres pays à la récurrence des conflits d’aménagement depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années. La principale réponse à ces situations proposée par les pouvoirs publics et les aménageurs repose sur la mise en place de démarches de participation publique se fondant sur des dispositifs d’information et d’expression des populations concernées. À partir des critiques majeures adressées à la participation publique, nous proposons une grille d’analyse des principales attentes exprimées par les opposants aux projets d’aménagement afin d’expliciter ces critiques et de proposer des pistes de réponse. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans la mise en place d’un processus de concertation permettant de mieux valoriser la participation publique.
Le village dans l'usine
Authors: Renahy Nicolas
Published: January 2016

Construction collective des dominés qui découle de la relation hiérarchique au travail, l'Eigensinn ouvrier n'est imperméable ni à l'évolution des modes de domination, ni à celle des propriétés du groupe et des individualités qui le constituent. En intégrant à l'analyse des formes de désengagement à l'usine les trajectoires, pratiques et appartenances extra-professionnelles des ouvriers d'une petite entreprise métallurgique, l'article montre que les pratiques eigensinnig construites en usine apparaissent à la fois comme une réaction à la domination au travail, et comme l'illustration des différenciations internes au monde ouvrier contemporain. Ces pratiques mettent en évidence la formation d'une élite populaire villageoise qui se renouvelle par l'expression d'un charisme de groupe et la distinction vis-à-vis des plus instables.
Rire du passé nazi en Allemagne
Authors: Oeser Alexandra
Published: January 2016

Rire du passé nazi, un sacrilège ? Que signifient les comportements d'élèves qui nous choquent, nous mettent mal à l'aise ou nous paraissent incompréhensibles ? L'article se fonde sur une enquête en milieu scolaire auprès d'adolescents de deux écoles de la périphérie des villes de Hambourg et Leipzig. S'appuyant sur un travail d'observation ethnographique, il analyse les réactions déviantes (pitreries, rires) des élèves à propos du passé nazi et du savoir scolaire qui leur est transmis. Le concept d'Eigensinn permet de comprendre comment des actes à la fois individuels et collectifs, parfois dirigés à l'encontre de l'institution scolaire, contribuent à maintenir l'ordre scolaire. Il insiste également sur la nécessité d'inscrire l'Eigensinn dans un cadre collectif (ici dans l'entre soi masculin des groupes de pairs) et de le resituer socialement tant les agents sociaux ne s'avèrent pas égaux face à l'Eigensinn. L'article tente ainsi de comprendre, à travers l'exemple de l'école, le fonctionnement de l'ordre social, comme une (re) invention au quotidien des relations de pouvoir.
L' Eigensinn bureaucratique en RDA
Authors: Rowell Jay
Published: January 2016

Dans l'historiographie de la RDA, les travaux inspirés par le concept d'Eigensinn se sont focalisés sur les groupes sociaux dominés. Les agents de l'État, assimilés aux dominants, n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études inspirées de ce cadre d'analyse qui insiste sur la distance au rôle, les esquives ou le maintien d'un quant à soi dans un environnement de travail caractérisé par une multitude de dispositifs disciplinaires. S'appuyant sur l'exemple des agents municipaux chargés de l'attribution de logements, la première partie de l'article cherche à établir la valeur heuristique d'une telle approche dans un environnement bureaucratique. Après avoir restitué dans une deuxième partie les conditions rendant possible le déploiement de logiques autres que bureaucratiques, l'article aborde la question du rapport à la hiérarchie construit sur des tactiques de maintien de l'opacité et de la production d'une distanciation conforme. Le prisme de l'Eigensinn permet enfin de saisir comment ces formes de distanciation peuvent paradoxalement contribuer à la stabilisation du régime.
Contestation et coproduction du changement social à Cuba
Authors: Geoffray Marie-Laure
Published: January 2016

Cet article discute la pertinence de l' uvre d'Alf Lüdtke pour appréhender les frontières de la contestation dans le contexte autoritaire cubain depuis la chute du mur de Berlin. Il montre que l'approche de Lüdtke est heuristique sur le terrain cubain car elle permet de penser ensemble contestation et acceptation des règles et des normes dominantes dans un contexte marqué par l'incertitude. Contre la réification de la domination d'un côté et de la résistance de l'autre, elle donne à voir les ambiguïtés et les ambivalences des comportements observés, en ce qu'ils contribuent à la fois au questionnement et au maintien de l'ordre social et politique.