bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Teratoma Rupture during TVOR Complicated with Peritonitis, Pleuritis, and Septic Shock
Authors: Wang Pei-Yi , Chang Yi-En , Lee Yu-Chieh , Tzeng Chii Ruey
Published: September 2018

Objective. To obtain a better understanding of the clinical course and the subsequent complications of teratoma rupture. Case. We report a rare case of chemical peritonitis and pleuritis caused by teratoma rupture during ultrasonographically guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR). The patient initially presented with nonspecific and digestive symptoms after TVOR, but the condition deteriorated rapidly after three weeks with peritonitis and septic shock. Thus, exploratory laparoscopy was performed with the findings of a ruptured teratoma at left adnexa, severe adhesions, and purulent fluid in her peritoneal cavity. Bilateral pleuritis was also noted after the operation, which was suspected to be caused by chemical irritation of the spilled contents of the teratoma. The patient’s condition improved after surgical treatment and was discharged 28 days after admission. Conclusion. Our case showed that the timing of peritoneal irritation caused by teratoma rupture converting to severe chemical peritonitis was approximately 3 weeks. Physicians should avoid cyst puncture during TVOR and closely observe or even perform surgical treatment when iatrogenic teratoma ruptures are suspected.
Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-αand Interferon-γLevels in PediatricMycoplasma pneumoniaePneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Yongsheng , Lu Wenting , Wang Liying
Published: September 2018

Background.Mycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common forms of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The objective of this study was to explore potential changes in levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) associated with pediatric MPP.Methods. This protocol has been registered (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017077979). A literature search was performed in October 2017 using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and other Chinese medical databases to identify studies. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Random-effect models were used to estimate mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cytokine levels.Results. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 2,422 children with MPP and 454 healthy control children. Serum TNF-αlevels were significantly higher in children with MPP compared with healthy children (MD = 22.5, 95% CI = 13.78–31.22,P<0.00001), and there was significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 100%,P<0.00001). Subgroup analyses showed no evidence for a difference in serum TNF-αlevels between children with refractory and nonrefractory MPP. Serum IFN-γlevels did not significantly differ in children with MPP compared with healthy children (MD = 4.83, 95% CI = −3.27–12.93,P=0.24).Conclusions. Our meta-analysis showed that serum TNF-αand IFN-γlevels were significantly elevated and unchanged, respectively, in pediatric MPP. Because infection by different pathogens has variable effects on serum TNF-αand IFN-γlevels, the finding could be helpful in developing novel diagnostic methods.
Hyperactivation of MAPK Signaling Is Deleterious to RAS/RAF-mutant Melanoma
Authors: Leung Grace P. , Feng Tianshu , Sigoillot Frederic D. , Geyer Felipe C. , Shirley Matthew D. , Ruddy David A. , Rakiec Daniel P. , Freeman Alyson K. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Jaskelioff Mariela , Stuart Darrin D.
Published: September 2018

The most frequent genetic alterations in melanoma are gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in BRAF, which result in RAF–MEK–ERK signaling pathway addiction. Despite therapeutic success of RAF and MEK inhibitors in treating BRAFV600-mutant tumors, a major challenge is the inevitable emergence of drug resistance, which often involves reactivation of the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, resistant tumors are often sensitive to drug withdrawal, suggesting that hyperactivation of the MAPK pathway is not tolerated. To further characterize this phenomenon, isogenic models of inducible MAPK hyperactivation in BRAFV600E melanoma cells were generated by overexpression of ERK2. Using this model system, supraphysiologic levels of MAPK signaling led to cell death, which was reversed by MAPK inhibition. Furthermore, complete tumor regression was observed in an ERK2-overexpressing xenograft model. To identify mediators of MAPK hyperactivation–induced cell death, a large-scale pooled shRNA screen was conducted, which revealed that only shRNAs against BRAF and MAP2K1 rescued loss of cell viability. This suggested that no single downstream ERK2 effector was required, consistent with pleiotropic effects on multiple cellular stress pathways. Intriguingly, the detrimental effect of MAPK hyperactivation could be partially attributed to secreted factors, and more than 100 differentially secreted proteins were identified. The effect of ERK2 overexpression was highly context dependent, as RAS/RAF mutant but not RAS/RAF wild-type melanoma were sensitive to this perturbation.

Implications:

This vulnerability to MAPK hyperactivation raises the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches for RAS/RAF-mutant cancers.
Repurposing of mTOR Complex Inhibitors Attenuates MCL-1 and Sensitizes to PARP Inhibition
Authors: Mattoo Abid R. , Joun Alex , Jessup J. Milburn
Published: September 2018

MCL-1, a member of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family, is a prosurvival protein with an essential DNA repair function. This study aims to test whether inhibition of protein synthesis by mTOR complex (mTORC) inhibitors depletes MCL-1, suppresses homologous recombination (HR) repair, and sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Treatment with everolimus decreases MCL-1 in colorectal carcinomas and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells but not glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells with a PTEN mutational background. However, AZD2014, a dual mTORC inhibitor, depletes MCL-1 in GBMs. Further, we show that everolimus decreases 4EBP1 phosphorylation only in colorectal carcinoma, whereas AZD2014 decreases 4EBP1 phosphorylation in both colorectal carcinoma and GBM cells. Combination therapy using everolimus or AZD2014 with olaparib inhibits the growth of clone A and U87-MG xenografts in in vivo and decreases clonogenic survival in in vitro compared with monotherapy. Reintroduction of MCL-1 rescues the survival of cancer cells in response to combination of everolimus or AZD2014 with olaparib. Treatment of cells with mTORC inhibitors and olaparib increases γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci, decreases BRCA1, RPA, and Rad51 foci, impairs phosphorylation of ATR/Chk1 kinases, and induces necroptosis. In summary, mTORC inhibitors deplete MCL-1 to suppress HR repair and increase sensitivity to olaparib both in in vitro and in xenografts.

Implications:

Targeting the DNA repair activity of MCL-1 in in vivo for cancer therapy has not been tested. This study demonstrates that depleting MCL-1 sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibitors besides eliciting necroptosis, which could stimulate antitumor immunity to improve the therapeutic intervention of cancers.
Early-Onset Breast Cancer: Effect of Diagnosis and Therapy on Fertility Concerns, Endocrine System, and Sexuality of Young Mothers in Germany
Authors: Pursche Telja , Bauer Julia , Hammersen Friederike , Rody Achim , Waldmann Annika , Fischer Dorothea
Published: September 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of breast cancer therapy on fertility concerns and sexuality of young mothers with breast cancer in Germany. Methods: During a mother-child rehabilitation program, 1,191 young mothers with locoregional primary breast cancer, treated between 2006 and 2014, were recruited. Data included sociodemographic data, TNM stage, tumor biology, therapies, and patient-reported outcomes such as sexuality and fertility concerns. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 40 years. Approximately a quarter of the patients stated that family planning had not been completed at the time of diagnosis. Nearly half of all patients had been informed as to how treatment could affect fertility, but counseling at a specialized fertility center was offered to only 13%. Of all patients, 4% took a consultation and 2% underwent fertility preservation procedures. Conclusion: Our study indicates that only a minority of patients is referred to fertility centers although family planning is incomplete at the time of diagnosis in about 25% of young women with breast cancer. Thus, these patients should not only be informed about the effects of treatment on fertility and sexuality, but should be referred to a fertility center.
Local Anaesthetic (Medical) Thoracoscopy Services in the UK
Authors: de Fonseka Duneesha , Bhatnagar Rahul , Maskell Nick A.
Published: September 2018

Background: Local anaesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) is an important procedure in the management pathway of patients with pleural effusions, particularly those with suspected malignancy. The last survey evaluating the use and development of LAT services in the UK was conducted over a decade ago. Objectives: We performed a survey of LAT practices in the UK to explore procedural preferences and variations in practice. Methods: The online survey was cascaded via regional pleural specialists to sites performing LAT. One response per site was accepted. Results: Thirty-seven responses were received from England, Scotland and Wales. Most centres have regular access to a dedicated list and a designated area to perform LAT. 97% of the centres have at least 2 trained thoracoscopists. Some variation in practice is seen with patient preparation pre-procedure and medication use. Other procedures, such as insertion of indwelling pleural catheters and adhesiolysis, are not uncommon to be undertaken at the time of LAT. Conclusions: Overall, the results are comparable, excepting some minor variations in patient preparation pre-procedure. We hope that this survey functions as an information resource for centres developing a LAT service or for those considering expansion.
Perceived Stress and Mild Cognitive Impairment among 32,715 Community-Dwelling Older Adults across Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Koyanagi Ai , Oh Hans , Vancampfort Davy , Carvalho Andre F. , Veronese Nicola , Stubbs Brendon , Lara Elvira
Published: September 2018

Background: Perceived stress may be a modifiable risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately dementia, but studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are lacking. Objective: We assessed the association between perceived stress and MCI in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative data. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data on individuals aged ≥50 years from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. A perceived stress score (range 0 [lowest stress] to 10 [highest stress]) was computed based on two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the as­sociation between perceived stress and MCI. Results: The mean (SD) age of the 32,715 participants was 62.1 (15.6) years and 51.7% were females. After adjustment for potential confounders including depression, in the overall sample, a one-unit increase in the perceived stress score was associated with a 1.14 (95% CI = 1.11–1.18) times higher odds for MCI. The association was similar among those aged 50–64 and ≥65 years. Countrywise analysis showed that there was a moderate level of between-country heterogeneity in this association (I2 = 59.4%), with the strongest association observed in Russia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.55). Conclusion: If our study results are confirmed in prospective studies, addressing perceived stress may have an impact in reducing the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia in LMICs.
Growth Hormone Treatment for Short Stature in the USA, Germany and France: 15 Years of Surveillance in the Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short-Stature International Study (GeNeSIS)
Authors: Pfäffle Roland , Land Christof , Schönau Eckhard , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Ross Judith L. , Piras de Oliveira Carolina , Child Christopher J. , Benabbad Imane , Jia Nan , Jung Heike , Blum Werner F.
Published: September 2018

Background/Aims: To describe characteristics, auxological outcomes and safety in paediatric patients with growth disorders treated with growth hormone (GH), for cohorts from the USA, Germany and France enrolled in GeNeSIS, a post-authorisation surveillance programme. Methods: Diagnosis and biochemical measurement data were based on reporting from, and GH treatment was initiated at the discretion of, treating physicians. Auxological outcomes during the first 4 years of GH treatment and at near-adult height (NAH) were analysed. Serious and treatment-emergent adverse events were described. Results: Children in the USA (n = 9,810), Germany (n = 2,682) and France (n = 1,667) received GH (dose varied between countries), most commonly for GH deficiency. Across diagnostic groups and countries, mean height velocity standard deviation score (SDS) was > 0 and height SDS increased from baseline during the first 4 years of treatment, with greatest improvements during year 1. Most children achieved NAH within the normal range (height SDS >−2). No new or unexpected safety concerns were noted. Conclusion: GH treatment improved growth indices to a similar extent for patients in all three countries despite variations in GH doses. Data from these three countries, which together contributed > 60% of patients to GeNeSIS, indicated no new safety signals and the benefit-risk profile of GH remains unchanged.
Blood-Based Therapies to Combat Aging
Authors: Castellano Joseph M.
Published: September 2018

Dysfunction associated with the aging process positions aging as a leading culprit for development of devastating diseases and mounting health-care costs. Many age-associated conditions for which aging increases risk are neurological disorders with no effective treatments, including Alzhei­mer’s disease. As the proportion of aged individuals continues to rise in the coming decades, aging-related costs are expected to increase dramatically. Diverse approaches have emerged to meet the clinical need to treat aging and its associated conditions, including those aimed at increasing longevity, slowing the aging process itself, and improving healthspan. An emerging approach takes advantage of molecules circulating in the blood to limit or reverse aspects of aging in various organs throughout the body. Efforts are underway to translate these findings into novel therapeutics that harness the activity of youth-associated molecules present within blood. Here, we discuss the current state of blood-based approaches in this arena. Despite the apparent ease with which blood products might conceivably be applied as treatment paradigms, we propose that challenges nonetheless exist, which may be overcome with mechanistic studies that identify common pathways for targeted therapeutics.
Pyogenic Granuloma of the Retina: A Case Series
Authors: Ahmad Samera , Capiz-Correa Daniel , Grossniklaus Hans E.
Published: September 2018

Aim: To describe the clinicopathologic features of pyogenic granuloma (granulation tissue proliferation) extending from the retina. Methods: We describe 3 patients who underwent enucleation for endophthalmitis. The eyes were processed routinely for histopathologic examination. Results: All 3 enucleated eyes contained granulation tissue with reactive vascular channels and intervening stroma infiltrated with inflammatory cells. The vascular channels were arranged in a fan-like configuration and the tissue was classified as representing pyogenic granulomas. Conclusions: Pyogenic granulomas (granulation tissue) may emanate from the retina in cases of endophthalmitis. This is distinct from neovascularization that may occur in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, or other etiologies.
Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Cerebral Oxygenation in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Popat Himanshu , Galea Claire , Evans Nicholas , Lingwood Barbara , Colditz Paul B. , Halliday Robert , Osborn David
Published: September 2018

Background and Objective: The mechanism of reported benefits of delayed cord clamping (DCC) are unclear. We aimed to determine whether DCC compared to immediate cord clamping (ICC) in very preterm infants improves cerebral oxygenation in the first 24 h. Study Design: This is a prospective study of a subset of infants at < 30 weeks of gestation who were randomised to DCC (≥60 s) or ICC (< 10 s) and required an indwelling arterial catheter. Regional cerebral oxygenation (rScO2), blood pressure, PI, and peripheral saturation were measured and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) calculated for the following 3 time intervals: 3–6, 6–12, and 12–28 h of age. Functional ultrasound measures including superior vena cava flow, right ventricular output, ductus arteriosus size and shunt and anterior cerebral artery resistive index were determined. Results: The mean (±SD) gestation and birth weight of the 51 study infants were 27 ± 1 weeks and 1,046 ± 241 g respectively. Twenty infants received DCC and 31 received ICC. Baseline demographics were similar between the 2 groups. Comparing DCC and ICC infants, there was no difference in rScO2 or cFTOE at any time point. Three out of 20 infants did not receive DCC due to clinical concerns. A sensitivity analysis revealed that cord clamping ≥30 s was significantly associated with increased rScO2 and decreased cFTOE at all 3 time points after adjusting for gestation. Conclusion: Although DCC was not associated with changes in cerebral oxygenation overall, sensitivity analysis suggested a possible effect of an increased rScO2 and a decreased cFTOE with ≥30 s of DCC.
TMEM18: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ha Mihyang , Kim Ji-Young , Han Myoung-Eun , Kim Ga Hyun , Park Si Young , Jeong Dae Cheon , Oh Sae-Ock , Kim Yun Hak
Published: September 2018

Background: Certain nuclear envelope proteins are associated with important cancer cell characteristics, including migration and proliferation. Abnormal expression of and genetic changes in nuclear envelope proteins have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18), a nuclear envelope protein, is involved in neural stem cell migration and tumorigenicity. Methods: To examine the prognostic significance of TMEM18 in AML patients, we analyzed an AML cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 142). Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that TMEM18 overexpression was associated with a better AML prognosis with good discrimination (p = 0.019). Interestingly, this ability to predict the prognosis was significant in male AML patients, but not in female ones. C-index and area-under-the-curve analyses further supported this discriminative ability and multivariate analysis confirmed its prognostic significance (p = 0.00347). Correlation analysis revealed that TMEM18 had a statistically significant positive correlation with nuclear envelop protein 133 (NUP133), NUP35, NUP54, NUP62, and NUP88. Conclusion: Because the current AML prognostic factors do not take mRNA expression into consideration unlike other cancers, the development of mRNA-based prognostic factors would be beneficial for accurate prediction of the survival of AML patients. Therefore, TMEM18 gene is a potential biomarker for AML.
Association of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo with Osteoporosis and Vitamin D Deficiency – A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sen Kanwar , Padiyar B. Vageesh , Arora Geetu
Published: September 2018

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common type of vertigo involving the peripheral vestibular system. Consensus on the factors causing BPPV is limited. Due to the uncertainty of etiological factors causing BPPV, most cases are accepted as idiopathic. Calcium metabolism plays a primary role in the synthesis and absorption of otoconia primarily made of calcium carbonate and, thus, might be an etiological factor in the onset of BPPV. Objective: To study the role of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of BPPV. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: This is a case-control study comparing the prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency in 100 patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV and 100 hospital-based controls. Mean T scores and serum vitamin D levels were compared in the two groups. The groups were substratified based on age, sex, and menopausal status in order to avoid selection bias. Results: There was a high prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency among the patients with BPPV (60 and 76%, respectively). Postmenopausal patients with BPPV had a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis (57 and 64%, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency is reasonably high in the postmenopausal population. Menopausal patients with suspected BPPV may be empirically treated with vitamin D. However, other known factors causing BPPV should be investigated, and the patients should be treated accordingly.
Calibração das Faixas de Conforto Térmico Humano para Espaços Abertos em Clima Subtropical
Authors: Gobo João Paulo Assis , Galvani Emerson , Wollmann Cássio Arthur , Gonçalves Fabio Luiz Teixeira
Published: September 2018

O índice conforto térmico tem sido utilizado com a finalidade de avaliar a percepção média das pessoas com relação às condições de tempo atmosférico em diversas regiões do globo, mas muito pouco com respeito à região subtropical do Brasil, em particular no Sul do Brasil.  Dessa forma, neste estudo buscou-se definir uma faixa de conforto térmico adequada para residentes da cidade de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul, baseado na aplicação de questionários de percepção/sensação dos habitantes simultâneo ao registros de dados meteorológicos entre os dias 05 de agosto a 07 de agosto de 2015, de 17 de janeiro a 19 de janeiro de 2016 e de 06 de julho a 08 de julho de 2016. Foram coletados dados primários de temperatura do ar, temperatura de globo cinza, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento, rajada do vento, radiação solar global e precipitação. As entrevistas foram realizadas com pessoas com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, com cobertura corporal entre 0,5 e 1,0 clo. Neste estudo concluiu-se que a modelagem estatística mostrou-se eficaz na determinação das faixas de conforto térmico adequadas aos padrões climáticos e a preferência térmica da população de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, a partir das análises estatísticas aplicadas, pode-se afirmar que nenhum dos referidos índices, como originalmente construídos, é de fato ideal para explicar o conforto térmico em Santa Maria, sendo necessária a adaptação destes, ou construção de um novo índice.
Características Granulométricas e Morfológicas das Areias de Solos sobre Arenitos e Basaltos em Floraí/PR
Authors: Barreiros André Mateus , Oliveira Déborah de , Nakashima Paulo , Queiroz Netos José Pereira de , Nakashima Marcelo Reis , Alves Grace Bungenstab , Pinheiro Marcos Roberto , Andrade José Antonio de
Published: September 2018

O artigo aborda as diferenças nas formas de relevo e materiais associados (rochas, solos e depósitos) do setor noroeste do estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. Discute, em nível de detalhe, a geometria de uma vertente e as especificidades granulométricas e morfológicas das areias de um solo sobre o arenito da Formação Caiuá (Grupo Bauru), em comparação com outro nos basaltos da Formação Serra Geral (Grupo São Bento), na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Gurupá. Para tanto, foram realizados procedimentos em gabinete, campo e laboratório, ligados a metodologias e técnicas da Pedologia, Sedimentologia e Geomorfologia em uma sequência multiescalar, que subsidiaram a descrição e análise das formas e materiais. Conclui que há claras diferenças morfológicas entre grãos de areia dos dois perfis, porém na mineralogia e granulometria as distinções são sutis.  O Argissolo, sobre o arenito, possui grãos de quartzo preferencialmente rugosos, polidos/foscos e arredondamento subangular/subarredondado dependendo da profundidade, enquanto o Nitossolo, oriundo dos basaltos, contém grãos rugosos, foscos e subarredondados em sua maioria. Estes resultados corroboram com a hipótese de que a Formação Caiuá possui duas fácies, uma de deposição eólica e outra flúvio-lacustre, contrariando a ideia que propõe um contexto exclusivamente eólico. Além disto, as características encontradas no volume superficial, comum aos dois solos, não possui continuidade em profundidade no Nitossolo, o que indica uma gênese alóctone deste material sobre o basalto.
Avaliação da Suscetibilidade a Escorregamentos Rasos com Base na Aplicação de Estatística Bivariada: Resultados Preliminares
Authors: Dias Helen Cristina , Bateira Carlos , Pissato Edilson , Martins Tiago D. , Vieira Bianca Carvalho
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi definir a suscetibilidade a escorregamentos rasos do munícipio de Caraguatatuba a partir da análise estatística de parâmetros morfológicos. Para a confecção dos mapas morfológicos de curvatura, aspecto, elevação e ângulo de encosta foi utilizado o SRTM de 30 m. A partir disso, foi realizada uma análise estatística bivariada, baseada no valor informativo. Tal índice é responsável por relacionar classes morfológicas e cicatrizes de escorregamentos de eventos passados. Os resultados mostraram que determinadas classes morfológicas tendem a ser mais suscetíveis do que outras a ocorrência do processo, de maneira que se obteve uma taxa de acerto de 78% do mapa final de suscetibilidade. Desta maneira, foi possível verificar preliminarmente as classes preferenciais para ocorrência de escorregamentos na área, tornando importante a continuação dos estudos sobre o tema por meio da incorporação de outros parâmetros condicionantes de escorregamentos, como por exemplo a geologia.
Morfologias de Leito Fluvial em Riodacitos Pórfiros do Grupo Serra Geral
Authors: Flores Diego Moraes , Lima Adalto Gonçalves de , Oliveira Déborah De
Published: September 2018

Os riodacitos pórfiros compreendem um conjunto de derrames vulcânicos ácidos do Grupo Serra Geral, na porção meridional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. Por meio de mapeamentos, observações de campo e análise de lâminas petrográficas, esta pesquisa visou identificar as principais morfologias erosivas desenvolvidas em trechos de knickzones de um leito fluvial sobre essa litologia. Os resultados indicaram que o leito fluvial rochoso em riodacitos apresenta erosão diferencial, a partir dos bandamentos mineralógicos e via evolução erosiva das diáclases. As morfologias escalonadas em patamares são do tipo degrau-depressão (step-pool) nos trechos de knickzones e do tipo depressão-soleira (pool-riffle), nas zonas de baixa declividade relativa do perfil do rio, caracterizadas pela formação blocos acumulados provenientes de montante.
Temperatura da Superfície e Precipitação que Influenciam na Incidência do Aedes Aegypti em São Paulo
Authors: Lima Suely Franco Siqueira , Barrozo Ligia Vizeu , Mataveli Guilherme Augusto Verola
Published: September 2018

Todos os anos as doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti faz inúmeras vítimas no Brasil tornando-se um problema de saúde pública. Estudos destacam a dificuldade no controle desse vetor e a necessidade de pesquisas focadas no desenvolvimento de novos métodos para conter esse mosquito, principalmente em escalas pontuais. Entre os fatores que podem favorecer a proliferação do Aedes aegypti a precipitação e a temperatura se destacam. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar uma metodologia para a obtenção dessas variáveis associada a proliferação desse mosquito em escalas sutis e por meio de dados de satélites (produtos MOD11A1 e 3B42). A área de estudo foram os distritos do município de São Paulo e foi feita uma análise temporal de 2010 a 2016. Foram retroagidos a partir do primeiro dia de cada uma das Semanas Epidemiológicas, de cada ano, 36 dias e considerado para o estudo o intervalo entre o vigésimo segundo e trigésimo sexto dia (período máximo e mínimo para o desenvolvimento do mosquito, do vírus e da doença). Para este período, obteve-se dos dados de satélites a moda da temperatura de superfície e da precipitação de cada Distrito e, a partir dessas modas, foi calculado a mediana da temperatura da superfície e o acumulado de precipitação, que foram correlacionados com o número de casos de dengue. Identificou-se amplitudes de temperatura de superfície e precipitação correlacionadas com a incidência do Aedes aegypti em cada distrito. Espera-se com este estudo, oferecer parâmetros que subsidiem modelos e alertas para o controle deste vetor.
Detecting Stepping-Stones for Connectivity Planning in Local-Regional Scale
Authors: Martines Marcos Roberto , Toppa Rogério Hartung
Published: September 2018

Habitat detection for local and regional connectivity planning is essential for the conservation of biodiversity, especially in a variety of different types of land use, such as in the Atlantic Forest. This article presents a model based on the use of landscape metrics and features of the physical environment, with procedures based on AHP, use of matrix cost and spatial analysis for the selection of forest fragments that can act as stepping stones. This modeling can be performed for different scenarios of species movement in the landscape, and the planning can be directed according to a management proposal in relation to the behavior of the target species to be conserved.
Recolhimento de Esgoto na Área de Proteção Ambiental Vargem das Flores/MG
Authors: Santos Andre Lopes Vilaca , Caldeira Altino Barbosa , Junior Israel Severino
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo retrata a destinação final dos efluentes sanitários na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Vargem das Flores, importante região localizada entre os municípios de Betim e Contagem/MG, que abriga diversos exemplares nativos da flora e fauna, além de ser um manancial de abastecimento para a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). Para isto foram analisados dados provenientes do Censo demográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), do Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas (IGAM) e do Sistema Nacional de Informação sobre Saneamento (SNIS). O cruzamento dos dados permitiu identificar as regiões da APA que não possuem rede oficial de esgoto e sua correlação com o rendimento financeiro médio mensal familiar. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que, a contaminação pelo esgoto foi responsável pela queda do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA), entre os anos de 2014 e 2015, além do significativo aumento da presença da bactéria Escherichia coli, importante indicativo de contaminação fecal na água.
Three new species of the Stenus cephalotes group fom Zhejiang, East China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: TANG LIANG , JIANG ZHUO-HENG
Published: September 2018

Three new species of the Stenus cephalotes group from Zhejiang, East China are described: S. qingliangfengus Tang & Jiang, sp. n., S. communicatus Tang & Jiang, sp. n. and S. fengyangshanus Tang & Jiang, sp. n. The diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and a key to species of the group from Zhejiang is provided.
A new species of Oecleus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from coconut in Brazil
Authors: BARTLETT CHARLES R. , PASSOS ELIANA MARIA DOS , DA SILVA FLAVIANA GONÇALVES , DINIZ LEANDRO EUGENIO CARDAMONE , DOLLET MICHEL
Published: September 2018

A new species of cixiid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) in the genus Oecleus Stål, Oecleus sergipensis n. sp., is described from Sergipe State, Brazil. This new taxon is associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and date palm (Phoenix L). The species was detected in Auchenorrhyncha surveys to find potential vectors of lethal yellowing type syndrome. This is the first report of the genus Oecleus in Brazil. Sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region was obtained and accessioned into GenBank.
The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity
Authors: Ziolkowski Jan M.
Published: September 2018

This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life.

Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. In this volume Jan Ziolkowski follows the juggler of Notre Dame as he cavorts through new media, including radio, television, and film, becoming closely associated with Christmas and embedded in children’s literature.

Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies.
The cultural code of antifeminist communication: Voicing opposition to the ‘Feminist Zeitgeist’
Authors: Beyer Heiko , Lach Mona , Schnabel Annette
Published: September 2018

The paper investigates the mechanisms of antifeminist communication norms, both on a theoretical and empirical level. Applying the concept of ‘cultural codes’ to the study of antifeminism we argue that statements denouncing feminism are often used as a signal to communicate a more general authoritarian worldview and an opposition towards ‘political correctness’. In the empirical part we present a factorial survey design applied to a German sample. This design is used to experimentally vary four situational characteristics which hypothetically influence whether individuals comply with antifeminist communication norms: (a) the gender of the speaker, (b) the topic of the conversation, (c) the personal attributes of the mentioned ‘feminist’, and (d) the type of sexism (benevolent vs hostile) articulated. The study shows that compliance with antifeminist communication norms increases if respective statements are voiced by women instead of men, especially if respondents report higher social status. Antifeminist norm compliance is also higher if men instead of women mention sexual harassment accusations of feminists. For left respondents, compliance increases if benevolent instead of hostile sexism is articulated. Intersituational person-related factors of antifeminist communication which we observed are: authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and distrust in public and political institutions.
Time, Anticipation, and the Life Course: Egg Freezing as Temporarily Disentangling Romance and Reproduction
Authors: Brown Eliza , Patrick Mary
Published: September 2018

This study examines women’s use of egg freezing as a tool to renegotiate the relationship between romantic and reproductive trajectories and temporalities. We interviewed 52 participants who were considering freezing their eggs, were in the process of freezing their eggs, had already frozen their eggs, or had considered freezing their eggs and chose not to do so. We find that most of our participants used egg freezing to disentangle the trajectory of finding a partner from the trajectory of having children, with the end goal of bundled marriage and childbearing. For some participants, this temporary disentangling is an intermediate step toward fully decoupling these trajectories through single parenthood. Using this critical case, we move beyond previous work on sequencing and timing in the life course by focusing on (1) individuals’ subjective experiences of time and (2) the ways women manage and manipulate time in the life course. Finally, we show how these theoretical tools can be used to better understand other empirical cases in the life course.
Authoritarian Institutions and Women’s Rights
Authors: Donno Daniela , Kreft Anne-Kathrin
Published: September 2018

While dictatorships perform worse than democracies in respect for most human rights, a large number of autocracies have prioritized the advancement of women’s rights. We present a theory of authoritarian rights provision that focuses on the incentives for dictatorships to secure women’s loyalty, and we identify the particular capacity of institutionalized party-based regimes to supply—and capitalize from—women’s rights policies. Analyzing a comprehensive sample of authoritarian regimes from 1963 to 2009, we find that party-based regimes are associated with greater economic and political rights for women irrespective of whether they hold multiparty elections. A comparative exploration of authoritarian Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya sheds further light on these findings and examines alternative explanations. Our account of women’s rights as a tool of autocratic party coalition-building contrasts with the provision of civil and associational rights—so-called “coordination goods”—which represents a concession to the opposition and tends to accompany liberalization.
Inside the Onion: Understanding What Enhances and Inhibits Organizational Resilience
Authors: Gover Laura , Duxbury Linda
Published: September 2018

Organizational resilience refers to an organizations’ capacity to withstand changes over time. Most existing models of organizational resilience have not been empirically tested and/or tend to focus on “what resilience is” and little attempt has been made to investigate factors that enhance and/or diminish an organization’s resilience. This qualitative research study, therefore, seeks to advance theorizing about organizational resilience by identifying and exploring both the enablers and inhibitors of organizational resilience. Longitudinal interview data are analyzed to explore employees’ perceptions about what has impacted their organization’s ability to cope with change. A conceptual model of organizational resilience is proposed. The contributions of this model are that it is the first, to our knowledge, to (1) propose a multilevel conceptualization of organizational resilience, and (2) include within the model the idea that earlier changes can both enhance and inhibit the organizations’ current ability to cope with change.
Trust, Cultural Health Capital, and Immigrants’ Health Care Integration in Norway
Authors: Næss Anders
Published: September 2018

Trust is a decisive feature of social interactions, transactions, and relationships, yet the implications of trust in integration processes has largely escaped sociological inquiry. Based on interviews and focus group discussions with Somali immigrants in Norway, this article examines trust in the context of health care integration. Using empirical examples from a birth-clinic, the MMR-vaccine, and everyday consultancy, the study highlights that the relationship between Somalis and Norwegian health care providers is characterized by a pervasive, mutual unfamiliarity. This unfamiliarity translates to a reliance on selected Norwegian-Somalis who by commanding two health care cultures can engage as bridge-builders to negotiate associated barriers. The article argues that the combination of immigrant background and formal health knowledge constitutes a type of cultural health capital. Although tapping into this capital extends the health care system and enhances Somalis’ ability to invest trust and benefit from entitlements, a shared background is not synonymous with trust.
Book Review: Ipshita Chanda, Selfing the City: Single Women Migrants and Their Lives in Kolkata
Authors: Biswas Samata
Published: September 2018

Ipshita Chanda, Selfing the City: Single Women Migrants and Their Lives in Kolkata. New Delhi: Sage Stree, 2017, 323 pp., ₹995, ISBN: 9788190676045 (Hardcover).
On ESPN Deportes: Latinos, Sport Media, and the Cultural Politics of Visibilities
Authors: Moraga Jorge E.
Published: September 2018

This article explores the ways Latinos—as audience, market, media—reshape the boundaries of sport media coverage. Its central focus examines the ways ESPN responds to the “browning of America” and its changing demographics. To this end, the essay examines the emergence and development of ESPN Deportes, and provides a textual analysis of “One Nación” (September 2015-August 2016), a podcast hosted by Max Bretos (Cuban American) and Marly Rivera (Puerto Rican). Offering a textual and content analysis, I suggest that One Nación provides a benchmark to assess the cultural politics of diversifying sport media content, coverage, and context. Moreover, I argue that One Nación, while unable to escape the dominant features of late racial/gendered capitalism, produces a counterhegemonic discursive practice capable of challenging mediated circulations of Latino Americans.
The importance of comorbidities in ischemic stroke: Impact of hypertension on the cerebral circulation
Authors: Cipolla Marilyn J , Liebeskind David S , Chan Siu-Lung
Published: September 2018

Comorbidities are a hallmark of stroke that both increase the incidence of stroke and worsen outcome. Hypertension is prevalent in the stroke population and the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Hypertensive disorders promote stroke through increased shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, and large artery stiffness that transmits pulsatile flow to the cerebral microcirculation. Hypertension also promotes cerebral small vessel disease through several mechanisms, including hypoperfusion, diminished autoregulatory capacity and localized increase in blood–brain barrier permeability. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, also increases the risk of stroke 4–5-fold compared to normal pregnancy that predisposes women to early-onset cognitive impairment. In this review, we highlight how comorbidities and concomitant disorders are not only risk factors for ischemic stroke, but alter the response to acute ischemia. We focus on hypertension as a comorbidity and its effects on the cerebral circulation that alters the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and should be considered in guiding future therapeutic strategies.
Discrepancy between Health Care Rationing at the Bedside and Policy Level
Authors: Persson Emil , Andersson David , Back Lovisa , Davidson Thomas , Johannisson Emma , Tinghög Gustav
Published: September 2018

Background. Whether doctors at the bedside level should be engaged in health care rationing is a controversial topic that has spurred much debate. From an empirical point of view, a key issue is whether there exists a behavioral difference between rationing at the bedside and policy level. Psychological theory suggests that we should indeed expect such a difference, but existing empirical evidence is inconclusive. Objective. To explore whether rationing decisions taken at the bedside level are different from rationing decisions taken at the policy level. Method. Behavioral experiment where participants ( n = 573) made rationing decisions in hypothetical scenarios. Participants (medical and nonmedical students) were randomly assigned to either a bedside or a policy condition. Each scenario involved 1 decision, concerning either a life-saving medical treatment or a quality-of-life improving treatment. All scenarios were identical across the bedside and policy condition except for the level of decision making. Results. We found a discrepancy between health care rationing at policy and bedside level for scenarios involving life-saving decisions, where subjects rationed treatments to a greater extent at the policy level compared to bedside level (35.6% v. 29.3%, P = 0.001). Medical students were more likely to ration care compared to nonmedical students. Follow-up questions showed that bedside rationing was more emotionally burdensome than rationing at the policy level, indicating that psychological factors likely play a key role in explaining the observed behavioral differences. We found no difference in rationing between bedside and policy level for quality-of-life improving treatments (54.6% v. 55.7%, P = 0.507). Conclusions. Our results indicate a robust “bedside effect” in the life-saving domain of health care rationing decisions, thereby adding new insights to the understanding of the malleability of preferences related to resource allocation.
A practical self-made device in parathyroid autotransplantation for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Xiwei , Yan Liang , Zhang Hao , Tang Xuefeng , Kong Xiancheng , Liu Gang , Huang Jianping
Published: September 2018

Objective

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is one of the most serious complications in patients on long-term hemodialysis. These patients may suffer from metabolic bone diseases, severe atherosclerosis, and undesirable cardiovascular events. Endoscopic parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation is a treatment option for those who do not respond to clinical management. This study aimed to investigate practical use of a self-made device in parathyroid autotransplantation for patients with sHPT, and to compare this device with ordinary surgical scissors.

Methods

A total of 15 patients with sHPT were treated with endoscopic parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation. Pieces of parathyroid tissue were squeezed in our self-made device and injected into the brachioradialis muscle. Sixteen patients with sHPT who were treated with traditional parathyroid transplantation served as controls. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone were measured before and after surgery.

Results

Preoperative symptoms were alleviated, and serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalcemia were improved or normalized in all of the patients in both groups. Pathological examinations showed that parathyroid cells remained active.

Conclusion

Application of our squeezing device is an economic, effective, and safe method in endoscopic parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation for patients with sHPT.
Enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Lin Chunhua , Wan Fengchun , Lu Youyi , Li Guojun , Yu Luxin , Wang Meng
Published: September 2018

Objective

To determine the value of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using clinical data for 288 patients who underwent LRP in our hospital from June 2010 to December 2016. A total of 124 patients underwent ERAS (ERAS group) and the remaining 164 patients were allocated to the control group. ERAS comprised prehabilitation exercise, carbohydrate fluid loading, targeted intraoperative fluid resuscitation and keeping the body warm, avoiding drain use, early mobilization, and early postoperative drinking and eating.

Results

The times from LRP to first water intake, first ambulation, first anal exhaust, first defecation, pelvic drainage-tube removal, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were all significantly shorter, and hospitalization costs and the incidence of postoperative complications were significantly lower in the ERAS group compared with the control group. No deaths or reoperations occurred in either group, and there were no readmissions in the ERAS group, within 90 days after surgery.

Conclusion

ERAS protocols may effectively accelerate patient rehabilitation and reduce LOS and hospitalization costs in patients undergoing LRP.