bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy air pollution with a unique “non-stagnant” atmospheric boundary layer in the Yangtze River middle basin aggravated by regional transport of PM2.5 over China
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhao Tianliang , Bai Yongqing , Zhang Lei , Kong Shaofei , Yu Xingna , He Jinhai , Cui Chunguang , Yang Jie , You Yinchang , Ma Guoxu , Wu Ming , Chang Jiacheng
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The regional transport of air pollutants, controlled by emission
sources and meteorological factors, results in a complex source–receptor
relationship of air pollution change. Wuhan, a metropolis in the Yangtze
River middle basin (YRMB) of central China, experienced heavy air pollution
characterized by hourly PM2.5 concentrations reaching 471.1 µg m−3 in January 2016. To investigate the regional transport of
PM2.5 over central eastern China (CEC) and the meteorological impact on
wintertime air pollution in the YRMB area, observed meteorological and other
relevant environmental data from January 2016 were analyzed. Our analysis
presented noteworthy cases of heavy PM2.5 pollution in the YRMB area
with unique “non-stagnant” meteorological conditions of strong northerly
winds, no temperature inversion, and additional unstable structures in the
atmospheric boundary layer. This unique set of conditions differed from the
stagnant meteorological conditions characterized by near-surface weak winds,
air temperature inversion, and stable structure in the boundary layer that
are typically observed in heavy air pollution over most regions in China.
The regional transport of PM2.5 over CEC aggravated PM2.5 levels,
thus creating heavy air pollution in the YRMB area. This demonstrates a
source–receptor relationship between the originating air pollution regions
in CEC and the receiving YRMB region. Furthermore, a backward trajectory
simulation using a Flexible Particle dispersion (FLEXPART) Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model to integrate the air pollutant
emission inventory over China was used to explore the patterns of regional
transport of PM2.5 governed by the strong northerly winds in the cold
air activity of the East Asian winter monsoon season. It was estimated that
the regional transport of PM2.5 from non-local air pollutant emissions
contributes more than 65 % of the PM2.5 concentrations to the heavy
air pollution in the YRMB region during the study period, revealing the
importance of the regional transport of air pollutants over China as a
causative factor of heavy air pollution over the YRMB area.
Measurement report: Quantifying source contribution and radiative forcing of fossil fuel and biomass burning black carbon aerosol in the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Huikun , Wang Qiyuan , Xing Li , Zhang Yong , Zhang Ting , Ran Weikang , Cao Junji
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosol plays a vital role in disturbing the balance of ecosystem and climate stability of Tibetan Plateau (TP). An intensive campaign was carried out from 14th March to 12th May 2018 in the southeastern margin of TP to investigate the sources of BC and their radiative effects. To do so, an improved aethalometer model was used to distinguish and apportion BC into fossil fuel combustion source and biomass burning source. To minimize the uncertainty associated with the aethalometer model, a receptor model coupling multi-wavelength absorption with chemical species was used to retrieve the site-dependent Ångström exponent (AAE) and BC mass absorption cross-section (MAC). The results show that the AAEs and BC MACs at wavelength of 880 nm were 0.9 and 12.3 m2 g−1 for fossil fuel source and 1.7 and 10.4 m2 g−1 for biomass burning, respectively. Based on these parameters, the fossil fuel source-related BC (BCfossil) was estimated 43 % of the total BC and the rest 57 % was from biomass burning (BCbiomass) during the campaign. The results from a regional chemical dynamical model reveal that high BCbiomass was contributed from the northeastern India and northern Burma, and the Southeast Asia can explain 40 % of BCbiomass. The high BCfossil was mainly identified from the southeast of sampling site. A radiative transfer model estimated that the atmospheric directive radiative forcing of BC was +4.6 ± 2.4 W m−2 on average, including +2.5 ± 1.8 W m−2 from BCbiomass, and +2.1 ± 0.9 W m−2 from BCfossil, which correspond to and heating rates of 0.07 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 K day−1, respectively. Our study will be useful for improving our understanding in BC sources on the TP and their climatic effect.
Weaker cooling by aerosols due to dust-pollution interactions
Authors: Klingmüller Klaus , Karydis Vlassis A. , Bacer Sara , Stenchikov Georgiy L. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The interactions between aeolian dust and anthropogenic air pollution, notably chemical ageing of mineral dust and coagulation of dust and pollution particles, modify the atmospheric aerosol composition and burden. Since the aerosol particles can act as cloud condensation nuclei, this not only affects the radiative transfer directly via aerosol-radiation interactions, but also indirectly through cloud adjustments. We study both radiative effects using the global ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry-climate model (EMAC) which combines the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) with the European Centre/Hamburg (ECHAM) climate model. Our simulations show that dust-pollution interactions reduce the cloud water path and hence the reflection of solar radiation. The associated climate warming outweighs the cooling which the dust-pollution interactions exert through the direct radiative effect. In total, this results in a net warming by dust-pollution interactions which moderates the negative global anthropogenic aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere by (0.2 ± 0.1) W m−2.
XCO2 estimates from the OCO-2 measurements using a neural network approach
Authors: David Leslie , Bréon Francois-Marie , Chevallier Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The OCO-2 instrument measures high-resolution spectra of the sun radiance reflected at the Earth surface or scattered in the atmosphere. These spectra are used to estimate the column integrated CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) and the surface pressure. The official retrieval algorithm (NASA’s Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals – ACOS) uses a full physics algorithm and has been extensively evaluated. Here we propose an alternative approach based on an artificial neural network (NN) technique. For the training and evaluation, we use as a reference estimate the surface pressures from a numerical weather model and the XCO2 derived from an atmospheric transport simulation constrained by surface air-sample measurements of CO2. The NN is trained here using real measurements acquired in nadir mode on cloud-free scenes during even months and is then evaluated against similar observations of odd months. The evaluation indicates that the NN retrieves the surface pressure with a root-mean-square error better than 3 hPa and XCO2 with a precision of 0.7 ppm. The statistics indicate that the NN, that has been trained with a representative set of data, allows excellent accuracy, slightly better than that of the full physics algorithm. An evaluation against reference sunphotometer XCO2 retrievals indicates similar accuracy for the NN and ACOS estimates, with a skill that varies among the various stations. The NN-model differences show spatio-temporal structures that indicate a potential for improving our knowledge of CO2 fluxes. We finally discuss the pros and cons of using this NN approach for the processing of OCO-2 data.
Herbicide weed control increases nutrient leaching as compared to mechanical weeding in a large-scale oil palm plantation
Authors: Formaglio Greta , Veldkamp Edzo , Duan Xiaohong , Tjoa Aiyen , Corre Marife D.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Nutrient leaching in intensively managed oil palm plantations can diminish soil fertility and water quality. There is a need to reduce this environmental footprint without sacrificing yield. We quantified nutrient leaching in a large-scale oil palm plantation on Acrisol soil with factorial treatment combinations of two fertilization rates (260 N, 50 P, 220 K kg ha−1 yr−1 as conventional practice, and 136 N, 17 P, 187 K kg ha−1 yr−1, equal to harvest export, as reduced management) and two weeding methods (conventional herbicide, and mechanical weeding as reduced management). Each of the four treatment combinations was represented by a 2500 m2 plot, replicated in four blocks. In each plot, soil-pore water was collected monthly at 1.5 m depth for one year in three management zones: palm circle, inter-row, and frond-stacked area. In the palm circle, nutrient leaching was low due to low solute concentrations and small drainage fluxes, resulting from large plant uptake. Conversely, in the inter-row, nitrate and aluminum leaching losses were high due to their high concentrations, large drainage fluxes, low plant uptake, and acidic pH. In the frond-stacked area, base cation leaching was high, presumably from frond litter decomposition, but N leaching was low. Mechanical weeding, even with conventional high fertilization rates, reduced leaching losses of all nutrients. Mechanical weeding with reduced fertilization had the lowest N and base cation leaching whereas its yield and economic gross margin remain comparable with the conventional management practices. Herbicide weed control decreased ground vegetation, and thereby reduced efficiency of soil nutrient retention. Our findings signified that mechanical weeding and reduced fertilization should be included in the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture program for precision farming (e.g. variable rates with plantation age), particularly for large-scale plantations, and in the science-based policy recommendations, such as those endorsed by the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil association.
Radar-based assessment of hail frequency in Europe
Authors: Fluck Elody , Kunz Michael , Geissbuehler Peter , Ritz Stefan P.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this study we present a unique 10-year climatology of severe convective storm tracks for a larger European area covering Germany, France, Belgium and Luxembourg. For the period 2005–2014, a high-resolution hail potential composite of 1 by 1 km2 is produced from two-dimensional reflectivity radar data and lightning data. Individual hailstorm tracks as well as their physical properties, such as radar reflectivity along the tracks were reconstructed for the entire time period using the Convective Cell Tracking Algorithm (CCTA2D). A sea-to-continent gradient in the number of hail days is present over the whole domain. In addition, the highest number of severe storms is found on the leeward side of low mountain ranges such as near the Massif Central in France and the Swabian Jura in southwest Germany. A latitude shift in the hail peak month is observed between the northern part of Germany where hail occurs most frequently in August, and southern France where the maximum of hail occurs two months earlier. The spatially most extended footprints with high reflectivity values occurred on 9 June 2014 and on 28 July 2013 with lengths reaching several hundreds of kilometers. Both events implied hailstones measuring up to 10 cm which caused damage in excess of 2 Billions Euros.
Invited Perspective: Building sustainable and resilient communities – Recommended actions for natural hazard scientists
Authors: Gill Joel C. , Taylor Faith E. , Duncan Melanie J. , Mohadjer Solmaz , Budimir Mirianna , Mdala Hassan , Bukachi Vera
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Reducing disaster risk is critical to securing the ambitions of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and natural hazard scientists make a key contribution to achieving this aim. Understanding Earth processes and dynamics underpins hazard analysis, which (alongside analysis of other disaster risk drivers) informs the actions required to manage and reduce disaster risk. Here we suggest how natural hazard research scientists can better contribute to the planning and development of sustainable and resilient communities through improved engagement in disaster risk reduction (DRR). Building on existing good practice, this perspective piece aims to provoke discussion in the natural hazard science community about how we can strengthen our engagement in DRR. We set out seven recommendations for enhancing the integration of natural hazard science into DRR: (i) characterise multi-hazard environments, (ii) prioritise effective, positive, long-term partnerships, (iii) understand and listen to your stakeholders, (iv) embed cultural understanding into natural hazards research, (v) ensure improved and equitable access to hazards information, (vi) champion people-centred DRR (leaving no one behind), and (vii) improve links between DRR and sustainable development. We then proceed to synthesise key actions that natural hazards scientists and research funders should consider taking to improve education, training, and research design, and to strengthen institutional, financial and policy actions. We suggest that these actions should help to strengthen the effective application of natural hazards science to reduce disaster risk. By recognising and taking steps to address the issues raised in these recommendations, we propose that the natural hazard science community can more effectively contribute to the inter/transdisciplinary, integrated work required to improve DRR.
Evaluation of a new snow albedo scheme for the Greenland ice sheet in the regional climate model RACMO2
Authors: van Dalum Christiaan T. , van de Berg Willem Jan , Lhermitte Stef , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Snow and ice albedo schemes in present day climate models often lack a sophisticated radiation penetration scheme and do not explicitly include spectral albedo variations. In this study, we evaluate a new snow albedo scheme in the regional climate model RACMO2 for the Greenland ice sheet, version 2.3p3, that includes these processes. The new albedo scheme uses the two-stream radiative transfer in snow model TARTES and the spectral-to-narrowband albedo module SNOWBAL, version 1.2. Additionally, the bare ice albedo parameterization has been updated. The snow and ice broadband and narrowband albedo output of the updated version of RACMO2 is evaluated using PROMICE and K-transect in-situ data and MODIS remote-sensing observations. Generally, the modeled narrowband and broadband albedo is in very good agreement with satellite observations, leading to a negligible domain-averaged broadband albedo bias smaller than 0.001 for the interior. Some discrepancies are, however, observed close to the ice margin. Compared to the previous model version, RACMO2.3p2, the broadband albedo is considerably higher in the bare ice zone during the ablation season, as atmospheric conditions now alter the bare ice broadband albedo. For most other regions, however, the updated broadband albedo is lower due to spectral effects, radiation penetration or enhanced snow metamorphism.
Non-normal flow rules affect fracture angles in sea ice viscous-plastic rheologies
Authors: Ringeisen Damien , Tremblay L. Bruno , Losch Martin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The standard viscous-plastic (VP) sea ice model with an elliptical yield curve and normal flow rule does not simulate fracture angles below 30° in uni-axial compression, in stark contrast with observations of Linear Kinematic Features (LKFs) in the Arctic Ocean. In this paper, we remove the normality constraint in the standard VP model and study its impact on the fracture angle in a simple uni-axial compressive loading test. To this end, we introduce a plastic potential independent of the yield curve that defines the post-fracture deformations or flow rule. The numerical experiments show that the fracture angle strongly depends on the flow rule details. For instance, a plastic potential with an ellipse aspect ratio smaller than that of the standard ellipse gives fracture angles that are as low as 22°. A newly adapted theory – based on one developed from observations of granular material – predicts numerical simulations of the fracture angles for plastic materials with a normal or non-normal flow rule with a root-mean-square error below 1.3°. Implementing an elliptical plastic potential in the standard VP sea ice model requires only minor modifications. The modified rheology, however, takes longer to solve numerically for a fixed level of numerical convergence. In conclusion, the use of a plastic potential addresses several issues with the standard VP rheology: the fracture angle can be reduced to values within the range of satellite observations and it can be decoupled from the exact shape of the yield curve. Furthermore, a different plastic potential function will be required to change the post-fracture deformation along the fracture lines (convergence or divergence) and to make the fracture angle independent on the confining pressure (as in observations).
Barcelona en blanco y negro. La politización del debate urbano en el entorno de la 'gauche divine'
Authors: Mayayo Patricia
Published: June 2020

Los intelectuales y profesionales de la cultura barceloneses conocidos como la gauche divine han sido descritos con frecuencia como un grupo elitista que, a diferencia de otros sectores más militantes, circunscribió su oposición al franquismo al campo de las costumbres y el estilo de vida. Este artículo intenta cuestionar este tipo de interpretación, subrayando la importancia que tuvo el activismo cultural, y más en particular el debate sobre la ciudad, en el entorno de la gauche divine. A pesar de las muchas trabas impuestas por la dictadura y de sus propias contradicciones, los “divinos” lograron articular una reflexión crítica sobre la ciudad que abonó el terreno a las luchas vecinales y sirvió para sentar las bases de una esfera pública de discusión ciudadana.
Prácticas artísticas dialógicas frente a procesos de renovación urbana: Londres, Ámsterdam y Barcelona (1981-2010)
Authors: Serra-Permanyer Marta
Published: June 2020

Este artículo explora los retos que las prácticas artísticas dialógicas plantean al urbanismo de la ciudad global europea. El principal objetivo consiste en identificar formas alternativas de concebir la ciudad que, procedentes del arte comprometido con la transformación urbana, contribuyen de forma clara a revisar, influenciar y abrir una mirada crítica al urbanismo gentrificador para proponer un nuevo término prestado del campo artístico: el urbanismo dialógico. La investigación se estructura en cuatro fases: primera, enmarcar el aborde de los procesos de renovación urbana desde el campo artístico. Segunda, un estudio de tres casos europeos que, situados en el campo artístico, han interpelado al urbanismo cómplice de la gentrificación. Tercera, descubrir las líneas discursivas compartidas entre la historia del urbanismo humanista y esos casos. Y cuarta, una revisión crítica del rescate de estas prácticas artísticas por parte del urbanismo. La conclusión final aborda una serie de retos que presentan el arte activista y comunitario como lente útil para identificar dificultades que servirán para interrogar y promover un urbanismo más polisémico, crítico y genuinamente participado.
Vivir tras la catástrofe. El arte como intersección entre la imagen viviente y la conciencia. Una aproximación a la serie 'Chernobyl' desde la ontología de la imagen
Authors: Pallarès-Piquer Marc , Hernández J. Diego , Castañeda W. José , Osorio Francisco
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo se aproxima a la catástrofe a partir de la serie Chernobyl haciendo un ejercicio investigativo orientado entre el análisis y la trasgresión para indagar nuestra contemporaneidad a partir de establecer una actitud interpretativa que considera el contenido de la serie como base del desafío de la acción y el desborde de la técnica moderna, asunto que será tratado desde las operaciones de pensamiento de Heidegger y Deleuze, lo cual constituye un entretejido que logra religar las posiciones de estos filósofos. La elección de Chernobyl queda justificada por tratarse de una muestra de la interacción intermedial en la que se han convertido algunas series, al contar con unos contenidos que van allá del mero entretenimiento y que se erigen en producciones audiovisuales que tocan las dimensiones más hondas y complejas de nuestra existencia. Razón por la cual, constituye un entorno reflexivo fundamental para pensar la intersección entre la imagen viviente y la conciencia.
Regional Household Economic Stress and Retail Sales Fluctuations
Authors: Fullerton Thomas M , Gutiérrez-Zubiate Ana P.
Published: June 2020

Economic stress indices are used to monitor business cycle conditions in several regions. Although the deployment of these tools is spreading, there have been relatively few efforts to empirically assess the performance of these gauges, especially at the regional level. This study takes advantage of one such index that is published monthly and has more than 15 years of historical data. Results obtained confirm an inverse relationship between household economic duress and retail sales activity, but it is not found to be statistically reliable over the long-run. Deviations from equilibrium are found to last for 142 months. More relevantly, a 1-point increase in the index is associated with a $3.48 million decline in total commercial activity. Additional testing using data for other regions and/or economic variables appears warranted. Empirical analysis that examines additional potential short-run linkages for El Paso may also prove useful.
Evaluation of the Physical Capacities of Pre-Season and End-Season Futsal Players
Authors: Zambak Ömer
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate the physical parameters of the futsal players before and after the season. In the study, the experimental group consisted of n = 10 male futsal players with an average age of 20.5±1.5 years, height 1.78±.03 cm, body weight 71.7±2.2 kg. The control group consisted of n = 10 male futsal players with an average age of 22.1±2.4 years, height 1.78±.03 cm, body weight 74.3±4.4 kg. Paired-T test was applied to pretest and posttest data for statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in the weight, 30 m speed, 10 m speed, vertical jump, horizontal jump, anaerobic strength and shot velocity values of the experimental group. There was no statistically significant difference in the control group’s weight, 30 m speed, 10 m speed, vertical jump, horizontal jump, anaerobic force, shot velocity values.
Rediscovering the Brothers Grimm of China: Lin Lan
Authors: Zhang Juwen
Published: June 2020

The concept of “fairy tale” was introduced to China in the early twentieth century. Subsequently, a wave of collecting and publishing fairy tales, along with other genres of folklore, spread all over China. By the early 1930s, the most influential editor in this folklore collection movement, with more than a thousand tales in multiple volumes, was Lin Lan. The tales were collected from everyday people in rural areas. These tales have demonstrated a continuing interactive history of oral storytelling and written records in Chinese history. By the late 1930s, many of the tales from the Lin Lan series had been introduced to the West. However, at the same time, questions about the actual identity (or identities) of “Lin Lan” and why the Lin Lan phenomenon occurred were never openly mentioned or discussed. Further, Lin Lan is still unknown beyond the Chinese-speaking world. This article revisits the Lin Lan phenomenon, examines the social background, and argues that Lin Lan should be appropriately acknowledged as the “Brothers Grimm of modern China.”
Subluxação do tendão extensor ulnar do carpo em jogador de futebol amador: relato de caso de uma doença incomumma doença incomum
Authors: Duarte Márcio Luís , Gomes Laura Burni Pereira , Dantas Thaís Nogueira , Romão Augusto Cardoso Gonzalez Guatura
Published: June 2020

O tendão extensor ulnar do carpo também apresenta importância na estabilidade da articulação radialulnar distal. A variância ulnar negativa pode ter uma associação com a patologia do tendão extensor ulnar do carpo, incluindo a subluxação. A subluxação/luxação do tendão extensor ulnar do carpo é observada em atletas, especialmente jogadores de tênis e golfistas, no lado dominante. Segundo Sole e col., 42% dos jogadores de tênis recreativos têm o tendão extensor ulnar do carpo instável (subluxação ou luxação). As lesões traumáticas no tendão extensor ulnar do carpo que resultam em luxação ou subluxação são raras na literatura. Contudo, elas podem ser mais comuns do que se supõe, pois geralmente são diagnosticadas erroneamente, resultando em subluxação recidivante e tratamento tardio.
Consumo de produtos derivados do tabaco e álcool por estudantes de ciências da saúde
Authors: Minanti Pamella Rossi , Bobroff Maria Cristina Cescatto
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: analisar o consumo de produtos derivados do tabaco, narguilé e álcool entre 194 estudantes de cinco cursos da área da saúde, de uma universidade estadual. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal utilizando-se um questionário estruturado pelas autoras e enviado aos estudantes via Google Docs. Resultados: encontrou-se que a maioria (56,7%) consome bebidas alcoólicas, 38,65% fumam narguilé, 12,5% são fumantes passivos e 4% fumam cigarro comum. Houve associação significativa entre os fumantes de cigarro e de narguilé (p=0,002) e entre fumantes de cigarro, de narguilé e a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,01). Conclusão: esses hábitos não saudáveis precisam ser mais estudados para descobrir suas causas e preveni-las salientando que os participantes da pesquisa serão profissionais da saúde.
Optimal Control Model for Vaccination Against H1N1 Flu
Authors: Souza Pablo Amauri Carvalho Araujo e , Dias Claudia Mazza , De Arruda Edilson Fernandes
Published: June 2020

Este artigo apresenta um modelo matemático para descrever a dinâmica da propagação da gripe H1N1 em uma população humana. O modelo é composto por um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias que envolvem indivíduos suscetíveis, expostos, infectados e recuperados / imunes. O modelo se diferencia dos demais na literatura por levar em consideração a possibilidade de infecção devido à perda de imunidade ao longo do tempo. A imunidade pode ser adquirida naturalmente, ao convalescer da doença, ou por meio de vacina. Além disso, o modelo proposto busca encontrar uma estratégia de vacinação ideal por meio de um problema de controle e do Princípio Máximo de Pontryagin.
Optimization of fermenters for ethanol production: Residence Time Analysis apllying Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Freire Evelise Roman Corbalan Góis , Seleghim Junior Paulo
Published: June 2020

A procura por novas formas de garantir combustível para a sociedade é um grande desafio para cientistas. Uma alternativa interessante ao combustível derivado do petróleo é o etanol produzido a partir da cana-de-açúcar. Apesar do Brasil estar em condições de vantagem na produção de etanol, os equipamentos utilizados na usinas sucroalcooleiras, como os fermentadores por exemplo, ainda necessitam de melhorias em sua eficiência. A geometria do tanque do fermentador tem uma grande influência nos parâmetros do escoamento interno, e consequentemente, afetam fortemente as reações químicas envolvidas no processo. Para melhor eficiência do equipamento, é preciso garantir que o mosto permaneça o tempo adequado dentro do tanque para que as reações químicas sejam completadas. Caso permaneça um tempo maior que o exigido, as reações químicas são prejudicadas. Neste estudo, a influência da geometria do tanque do fermentador na distribuição de tempo de residência (DTR) foi avaliada através da simulação computacional da injeção de um traçador no escoamento. Além disso, vinte geometrias foram simuladas através de um processo de otimização univariada. Resultados mostram que o ângulo entre a tubulação de entrada do tanque é o parâmetro geométrico com maior influência no escoamento. A geometria que garante o ângulo de escoamento ideal deve ter 22,5o  de ângulo de entrada, combinada com uma altura de 120 cm para a tubulação de saída. Considerando que os fermentadores são utilizados em processamento de alta escala, as melhorias propostas na geometria do fermentador podem aumentar sua eficiência e reduzir impacto ambiental.
Uma nova visão da tripla hélice do DNA: parâmetros estruturais, espectroscópicos e eletrônicos de ligações de hidrogênio para os emparelhamentos de Watson-Crick e Hoogsteen
Authors: Rego Danilo , Oliveira Boaz
Published: June 2020

Através dos cálculos B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), as estruturas intermoleculares da dupla e tripla hélices do DNA formadas por Timina (T) Adenina (A) foram totalmente otimizadas. Com base na análise de parâmetros estruturais, modos vibracionais e intensidades de absorção no espectro de infravermelho, foram identificadas ligações de hidrogênio entre as bases purina e pirimidina. Pela transferência de carga entre os orbitais de fronteira HOMO e LUMO respectivamente do receptor e doador de prótons, a aplicação dos protocolos NBO e ChElPG proporcionaram resultados insatisfatórios. Todavia, todas as ligações de hidrogênio foram caracterizadas através de descritores QTAIM, pelos quais novos perfis intermoleculares foram obtidos tanto para a dupla (TA) quanto para a tripla (TAT) hélices do DNA.
Biflavonoid toxicarine, rotenoids and a flavanone from the roots of Tephrosia toxicaria
Authors: Andrei Cesar Cornélio , Faria Terezinha de Jesus , Tomal Adriana Aparecida Bosso , Anizelli Pedro Renato , Braz-Filho Raimundo
Published: June 2020

O biflavonóide inédito 4-H-2,3-diidro-1-benzopiran-4-ona-6-[2-fenil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-5,7-dimetoxi-2-H-3,4-diidro-1-benzopiran-4-il]-5,7-diidroxy-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-fenil, denominada toxicarina (1), a flavanona 7-O-metil glabranina (2) e a mistura de rotenóides tefrosina (3) e rotenolona (4) foram isolados e caracterizados, das raízes de Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers. As estruturas foram determinadas por métodos espectroscópicos principalmente pelos espectros de 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais.
Concepções sobre Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho entre estudantes de Psicologia
Authors: Camargo Mário Lázaro , Macedo Renata Carvalho de Jesus
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa investigou as concepções sobre Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho (POT) entre estudantes de Psicologia do interior paulista. Foi realizada a comparação entre respostas de estudantes iniciantes e concluintes (n=99). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário individual, aplicado em cinco unidades de ensino mediante prévia autorização institucional e dos participantes. Devidamente tratados, os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. A hipótese que motivou esta pesquisa foi de que haveria diferença qualitativa entre respostas emitidas por estudantes iniciantes e concluintes, e que tal diferença seria decorrente da exposição dos mesmos aos conteúdos proporcionados pelo curso. Os resultados, contudo, não confirmaram essa hipótese. Eles refletem uma realidade de concepções sobre a POT que inspira cuidados e a organização de um conjunto de práticas, em nível interinstitucional, para promover melhorias. Assim, são propostas estratégias com a finalidade de contribuir para um melhor ensino da POT.
Exploration and Practice of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Awareness Embedded in Experimental Teaching of Economic Management Major Undergraduates: A Case Study from China
Authors: Zuo Yifan , Yao Dan , Zhang Mu
Published: June 2020

China has proposed a new strategy driven by innovation, placing scientific and technological innovation at the core of the country’s overall development, and seeing it as a strategic support for improving social productivity and overall national strength. This puts forward new requirements for the construction of high-level universities and the cultivation of high-level talents. Undergraduates are currently the largest reserve talents in colleges and universities. To meet the needs of the new situation, it is the right time to train undergraduates who are innovative and entrepreneurial. Deepening the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities is a practical need for undergraduates to realize the Chinese dream. Facing the urgency of society's need for innovative and entrepreneurial talents, there is an urgent need to embed innovative and entrepreneurial elements in the undergraduate training process. This requires further deepening reforms in the content, form and structure of education to meet the needs of undergraduates for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Ownership Structure, Board Composition and Voluntary Disclosure by Non-financial Firms Listed in )ASE)
Authors: Alqatameen Dana Adel , Alhaleem Alkhalaileh Mahmoud Abd , Dabaghia Mohammad Nadeem
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the impact of ownership structure and board composition on the level of voluntary disclosure by non-financial firms listed in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study uses panel hand-collected data from 443 annual reports for a 5-year period (2012 – 2016) and employs an OLS-regression to test the study predictions. Compatible with the study predictions and most prior related studies’ findings, both higher managerial ownership and the CEO-duality produce low levels of voluntary disclosure, while foreign ownership is positively associated with the level of voluntary disclosure. Findings also indicate that larger firms deemed to provide higher levels of voluntary disclosures than smaller firms. Besides, companies audited by big4 firms disclose more voluntary information than those audited by others. The study findings have implications for policymakers and regulators. Policymakers and regulators may encourage, emphasize and enforce, if necessary, the regulation that enhances the quality of financial disclosures including the separation between the Chairman of the board of directors and CEO roles to improve the level of control and supervision and enhance the transparency of financial reporting by Jordanian firms.
A Transient Feature Learning-Based Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Planetary Gearboxes
Authors: Qin Bo , Li Zixian , Qin Yan
Published: June 2020

Sensitive and accurate fault features from the vibration signals of planetary gearboxes are essential for fault diagnosis, in which extreme learning machine (ELM) techniques have been widely adopted. To increase the sensitivity of extracted features fed in ELM, a novel feature extraction method is put forward, which takes advantage of the transient dynamics and the reconstructed high-dimensional data from the original vibration signal. First, based on fast kurtosis analysis, the range of transient dynamics of a vibration signal is located. Next, with the extracted kurtosis information, with variational mode decomposition, a series of intrinsic mode functions are decomposed; the ones that fall into the obtained ranges are selected as transient features, corresponding to maximum kurtosis value. Fed by the transient features, a hierarchical ELM model is well-trained for fault classification. Furthermore, a denoising auto-encoder is used to optimize input weight and threshold of implicit learning node of ELM, satisfying orthogonal condition to realize the layering of its hidden layers. Finally, a numerical case and an experiment are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method. In comparison with its counterparts, the proposed method has a better classification accuracy in the aiding of transient features.
Characteristics of selected aspects of activities of agritourism farms in the Bug valley in the province of Lubelskie
Authors: Sokół Janusz Leszek , Dąbrowski Dominik , Radwańska Katarzyna , Jalinik Mikołaj
Published: June 2020

The article presents characteristics of selected aspects of activities undertaken by agritourism farms, including forms of recreation in rural communes situated along the Bug River in the province of Lubelskie, with special emphasis on what farm owners regard as barriers to and enablers of agritourism and eco-tourism. Information used in the study was collected in a survey carried out in 2018 in communes located in the Bug River valley in three provinces: Lubelskie, Podlaskie and Mazowieckie, which involved 99 owners of agritourism farms, classified either as conventional or organic, or undergoing conversion from conventional to organic production. It was found that hiking, cycling and walking were the most frequently chosen forms of leisure activities. According to the respondents, the development of agritourism in the Bug River Valley is most enabled by the region’s natural values, especially the peace and quiet provided by the area, while the fear of investing and the lack of financial resources are the biggest barriers to such development. The results of the study reveal differences and similarities in the perception of agritourism and ecotourism by owners of farms in the Bug valley in Lubelskie Province compared to the whole sample including two other provinces .The development of rural tourism in Lubelskie Province is hampered by the seasonality of the offering, no habit of weekend recreation and, generally, the low popularity of this form of recreation.
Data collection methods in rural tourism in the eyes of respondents
Authors: Balińska Agata
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to verify the reliability and user-friendliness of some of the most popular ways of collecting information from respondents. The article provides a synthetic review of the use of various research methods and techniques, which is supplemented by results of the author’s own survey of 280 people who visited guest farms in rural areas of Mazowieckie province in 2019. The respondents found online and paper-based surveys the most user-friendly method while they rated telephone interviews as the least user-friendly. Asked to assess the reliability of data collection techniques, the respondents considered covert observation and mystery shopping to be the most reliable, while the telephone interview was regarded as the least trustworthy. The assessment of the user-friendliness and reliability of different data collection methods and techniques varied by gender, age and the level of education. It can be expected that insights from the study can help to improve the methodology of rural tourism research.
LE DROIT D’APPEL DANS DES LITIGES COMMERCIAUX EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: Kaciunga Mbenga Joseph
Published: June 2020

Cette étude aborde une question de droit judiciaire, l’appel, qui, du reste, est un droit reconnu a toute partie au procès dont les intérêts ne sont plus respectés au premier degré de pouvoir saisir le juge supérieur. Dans le cas sous espèce, nous traitons le droit d’appel les litiges commerciaux, il sied de relever à ce stade que, les matières commerciales sont en République Démocratique du Congo traitées d’une part par le tribunal du commerce, et soumises d’autre part, aux règles de l’Acte Uniforme relatif au Droit Commercial General. Ce tribunal institué sur pied de la loi n° 002/2001 du 03 juillet 2001 portant création, organisation et fonctionnement des tribunaux de commerce, se veut une juridiction spécialisée devant la quelle ,le règles procédurales demeurent spécifiques d’autant plus qu’il est mis en place afin de traiter les matières commerciales avec célérité toute en évitant la lourdeur de tribunaux de droit commun, cependant une incohérence s’invite dans ce champs quand le législateur soumet l’appel de ces litiges commerciaux a la Cour d’appel, qui n ;applique pas les règles procédurales spéciales et, on retombe dans la lourdeur tant éviter, d’où, il faudrait revoir la loi sur le tribunal de commerce en suivant le modèle de la loi….qui instaure la chambre d’appel au sein même de la juridiction spécialisée et donc, que le tribunal de commerce connaisse les appels de ses jugements rendus au premier degré par une chambre d’appel en son sein
LA SOLIDARITÉ INTERNATIONALE EN FAVEUR DE L’EGLISE CATHOLIQUE DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Authors: Binaki Bamangana Renia
Published: June 2020

A la suite la crise politique due à la non tenue des élections à l’échéance constitutionnelle, l’Eglise catholique, par le Comité Laïc de Coordination (CLC), s’est impliquée pour en exiger l’organisation. Ce qui devrait passer par l’application intégrale de l’Accord politique global et inclusif du centre interdiocésain de Kinshasa. L’organisation des manifestations pacifiques tendait à cette fin de faire plier le régime, accusé de confisquer le pouvoir et de l’exercer en dehors des règles constitutionnelles. Cette réflexion, après avoir montré le fondement de l’intervention de l’Eglise, a indiqué qu’au lieu de faciliter la jouissance de ce droit, les autorités congolaises se sont illustrées par la répression dans le sang de toutes ces manifestations. La disproportion de leur agir a suscité l’indignation et la réprobation internationales des Etats, des organisations internationales et des responsables des églises catholiques des autres Etats dont le Vatican. Les déclarations enregistrées et les actions menées, à cette fin, ont constitué, selon cette étude, une forme mondialisée de lutte contre l’autoritarisme du régime congolais. Cette solidarité internationalisation a impacté positivement le cours des événements et permis au peuple congolais de gagner cette lutte pour la démocratie et l’Etat de droit dans notre pays.
Investigation of the Pulmonary Function Level in Municipal Solid Waste Collectors: A Case of Bandar Abbas City During 2015 - 2017
Authors: Asadzadeh Mostafa , Danesh Hossein , Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki Hadi
Published: June 2020

Background: In Iran, most of the cleaning processes are performed manually in urban areas. Sweepers are exposed to respiratory pollutants, infectious substances, and other hazardous substances such as chemicals, animal feces, and sharp objects during improper disposal of waste. Respiratory pollutants in these occupations can cause inflammation and damage to the respiratory system. Moreover, prolonged exposure to respiratory pollutants in the workplace can reduce lung function and cause numerous health problems. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of workplace exposures of municipal solid waste collectors on the reduction of the pulmonary function level. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on 198 municipal solid waste collectors aged 18 to 55 years who were employed in this profession for at least two years. The sampling method was census, and demographic data were extracted from occupational examination records. Results: Examining the relationship between pulmonary function decline and the studied variables showed a significant relationship between smoking and reduction of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25 -75. However, no significant relationship was observed between dust exposure and pulmonary function decline. Conclusions: No significant relationship was observed between pulmonary function loss and occupational dust exposure in municipal solid waste collectors. This means that the occupational exposure of these individuals was not severe enough to cause pulmonary function loss.
Čerpanie finančných prostriedkov pre oblasť životné prostredie v Nitrianskom samosprávnom kraji v rokoch 2014-2018
Authors: Oremusová Daša , Kramáreková Hilda , Nemčíková Magdaléna , Vojtek Matej
Published: June 2020

Since Slovakia's accession to the EU, European funds have become an important source of financing for regional development, which are provided on the basis of elaborated regional development programs at various hierarchical levels. The Environment area has become an inevitable priority area of each such document responding to the current state and quality of environmental components in accordance with sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the allocation of funds for the Environment priority area in the Nitra Self-governing Region during 2014 – 2018. The funds were identified for individual measures according to the districts of the region while the focus of projects and sources of their financing were also evaluated. Several methods were used, such as system analysis (grouping and evaluation of information), comparative analysis in creating own databases, mathematical-statistical methods, etc. During the individual years, an average of more than 50 million euros were addressed to the Nitra Self-governing Region. The largest districts of the region (Nitra, Levice and Komárno) received the most funds (59.7 %). In 2018, more than half (52.9 %) of funds came from the European Structural and Investment Funds from the Operational Program Research and Innovation and 37.8 % from the Operational Program Quality of Environment.
Problémy, vývojové trendy a investiční potřeby malých měst v České republice
Authors: Ježek Jiří , Ježková Renáta
Published: June 2020

In the last more than ten years, interest in the phenomenon of small towns has increased. The aim of the article is to identify development problems, future trends and investment needs of small towns in the Czech Republic depending on their location in relation to large cities and metropolitan regions. The results are based on a questionnaire survey of 184 small towns. The most important problems that small towns solve today include transport infrastructure, parking options, housing. In addition, small towns in a peripheral location also solve job opportunities. The biggest problem of public services is the provision of medical and hospital care. According to the representatives of municipalities, the future of small towns will be determined primarily by the aging of the population, the departure of young, educated and entrepreneurial people and the decline in population. The main investment needs include the revitalization of urban centres, housing, transport and mobility. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that small towns in the Czech Republic are a very heterogeneous group of settlements. The assumption that small towns in peripheral regions have significantly different needs than towns in a central location has not been confirmed. They differ rather in the degree of problem, respectively urgency of their solution. Their political support needs to be approached individually and such support programs need to be created that will enable the implementation of integrated strategies.
Nový nástroj pre miestny rozvoj v Slovenskej republike
Authors: Žárská Elena
Published: June 2020

In order to address the coherence between intensive construction by development companies and the need for capacity building of the corresponding infrastructure, which is by law provided by the municipality, a new act of legislation was adopted in the Slovak Republic with effect from 1 January 2016. The Local Development Fee Act is meant to be a tool that would enable funding and support building of civic infrastructure and amenities. The aim of the paper is to analyze how the fee was implemented in municipalities. Due to its facultative character - the municipality may or may not adopt it by a generally binding regulation (local ordinance) - it can be assumed that it has been implemented first in larger towns and cities and/or municipalities within the metropolitan areas of these cities. This is where the most intensive residential housing construction takes place. Small municipalities and peripheral municipalities would arguably not apply it, as it could eliminate the interest in housing construction in their territory. Their aim is to retain or attract new residents and investors. To verify this, two hypotheses are set: 1. The local development fee has been implemented by large towns and municipalities in their metropolitan areas. 2. Boroughs of Bratislava applied the maximum amount stipulated by law when levying the fee. The results of the research brought confirmation of the hypotheses as well as some interesting facts.