bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kombinasi algoritma kriptografi vigenere cipher dengan metode zig-zag dalam pengamanan pesan teks
Authors: Faris Faris Apriliano Eka Fardianto , Febi Febi Yanto , Iwan Iwan Iskandar , Pizaini Pizaini
Published: May 2023

Perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat semakin memudahkan dalam mendapatkan informasi secara cepat dan mudah. Ada informasi yang bersifat publik dan ada juga yang bersifat rahasia. Informasi yang bersifat rahasia tentunya memerlukan keamanan dalam menjaga kerahasiaanya oleh pihak yang tidak berkepentingan terhadap informasi tersebut. Ada banyak macam bentuk informasi rahasia, salah satunya informasi yang berbentuk teks. Untuk memberikan pengamanan pada pesan teks dapat dilakukan dengan teknik kriptografi. Teknik kriptografi bekerja dengan cara mengenkripsikan pesan asli (plaintext) menjadi teks yang susah dipahami (ciphertext), yang biasanya ciphertext tersebut tidak mengandung makna. Penelitian ini menggunakan kriptografi klasik yang dimana teknik enkripsi menggunakan kunci dekripsi yang digunakan sama dengan kunci enkripsi pada saat penyandian. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma kriptografii vigenere cipher dan zig-zag cipher. Algoritma vigenere cipher merupakan salah satu teknik kriptografi yang menggunakan suatu kata atau kalimat dengan panjang kunci menyesuaikan dengan plaintext-nya. Sedangkan zig-zag cipher menggunakan teknik transposisi dari kolom dan baris. Penggunaan dua algoritma kriptografi sekaligus dimaksudkan agar memberikan keamanan super enkripsi dengan kunci berlapis dan cryptnalayst akan kesulitan dalam memecahkan informasi yang telah disandikan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan melakukan perhitungan matematis dari algoritma vigenere maupun zig-zag terlebih dahulu yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk diimplementasikan ke dalam sistem simulasi penyandian teks. Pada sistem yang telah dibuat memberikan hasil yang sama dengan perhitungan matematis. Pada pengujian pemecahan ciphertext dengan menggunakan sistem Boxentrix tidak dapat mengembalikan plaintext tanpa adanya kunci yang telah ditentukan. Sedangkan pada pengujian performa waktu bergantung pada jumlah karakter yang digunakan, semakin banyak jumlah karakter maka waktu enkripsi dan dekripsi juga semakin bertambah.
Comprehensive Study of the Chemical Composition and Spatial Outgassing Behavior of Hyperactive Comet 46P/Wirtanen Using Near-IR Spectroscopy during its Historic 2018 Apparition
Authors: Khan Younas , Gibb Erika L. , Roth Nathan X. , DiSanti Michael A. , Dello Russo Neil , Bonev Boncho P. , Ejeta Chemeda T. , Saki Mohammad , Vervack Ronald J. , McKay Adam J. , Kawakita Hideyo , Combi Michael R. , Qasim Danna , Shou Yinsi
Published: May 2023

We present a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the Jupiter-family comet and potential spacecraft target 46P/Wirtanen, in the near-IR wavelength range. We used iSHELL at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility to observe the comet on 11 pre-, near-, and postperihelion dates in 2018 December and 2019 January and February during its historic apparition. We report rotational temperatures, production rates, and mixing ratios with respect to H2O and C2H6 or 3σ upper limits of the primary volatiles H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, H2CO, NH3, CO, C2H2, and HC3N. We also discuss the spatial outgassing of the primary volatiles, to understand their sources and the spatial associations between them. The spatial profiles of H2O in 46P/Wirtanen suggest the presence of extended H2O outgassing sources in the coma, similar to the EPOXI target comet 103P/Hartley 2. 46P/Wirtanen is among the few known hyperactive comets, and we note that its composition and outgassing behavior are similar to those of other hyperactive comets in many ways. We note that the analyzed parent volatiles showed different variations (relative mixing ratios) during the apparition. We compared the chemical composition of 46P/Wirtanen with the mean abundances in Jupiter-family comets and the comet population as measured with ground-based near-IR facilities to date. The molecular abundances in 46P/Wirtanen suggest that although they were changing, the variations were small compared to the range in the comet population, with CH3OH showing notably more variation as compared to the other molecules.
Apports du site de « La delle du Carel, delle de la Commune » à Hérouvillette (Calvados) à la compréhension des dynamiques des territoires de confins
Authors: Veron Jan , Spiesser Jérôme
Published: May 2023

La fouille préventive de l’établissement laténien et du sanctuaire gallo-romain d’Hérouvillette menée par une équipe du service archéologie du département du Calvados a mis au jour quatre voies de circulation ayant connu différentes phases d’abandon et de réfection. Elles sont d’abord en relation avec un établissement rural du i er s. avant notre ère, délimité par un enclos fossoyé. La vocation de cet espace change radicalement au début du i er siècle de notre ère, quand un petit sanctuaire de type fanum , entouré d’un péribole, est construit sur l’ancien établissement laténien. Le tracé des chemins, qui se rejoignent à hauteur du sanctuaire, suit les évolutions de cette petite portion d’espace rural. À Hérouvillette, l’originalité du site tient aux importantes modifications que connaît le réseau viaire aux i er et ii e siècles, alors même que les usages de l’espace restent stables. Ces adaptations témoignent de la vitalité des circulations dans cet environnement rural, à l’échelle de quelques 300 ans, et mettent valeur l’image d’un territoire dynamique et attractif.
Des pistes gauloises aux chaussées gallo-romaines : quelques exemples archéologiquement attestés en Bretagne orientale
Authors: Leroux Gilles
Published: May 2023

Longtemps limitée à l’étude des seules voies romaines et de leurs tracés, la recherche archéologique consacrée aux réseaux viaires anciens est entrée, depuis quelques décennies, dans une nouvelle ère, notamment en Bretagne. En effet, l’émulation érudite des siècles passés a laissé place à une recherche de terrain adaptée et mécanisée, permettant la multiplication des coupes transversales et longitudinales ou les fouilles de grandes surfaces qui ont apporté des informations inédites et déterminantes quant à l’élaboration ou à la chronologie de certains itinéraires routiers majeurs. La détermination d’une présence récurrente de bandes de circulation aménagées au cours de la Protohistoire, occultées jusqu’alors par les terrassements antiques, fait partie de ces informations. Il est désormais possible d’apprécier les mutations qui ont pu affecter, d’une période à l’autre, les choix des tracés, les modes de construction ou l’adaptation aux milieux traversés, et d’en mesurer les modes transitoires.
La nécropole d’Évrecy au Bas-Empire ( IV e – milieu V e s.) : population gallo-romaine et élite militaire « romano-germanique »
Authors: Thomann Aminte , Adrian Yves-Marie , Kasprzyk Michel
Published: May 2023

En 2014, à Évrecy, une nécropole des iv e - vii e  siècles, composée de 377 inhumations, a été fouillée de manière exhaustive. Les tombes de l’Antiquité tardive sont les plus riches en mobilier : céramiques, verreries, monnaies, tabletterie et objets métalliques, dont certaines pièces exceptionnelles. L’étude de ce corpus indique que sont inhumés à la même période dans cette nécropole, sans doute au sein d’une population locale modeste, une petite élite d’origine gallo-romaine et une élite militaire « romano-germanique ». Cette dernière semble constituée de soldats de l’armée romaine et de leurs familles. En effet, si plusieurs sépultures contiennent des dépôts régulièrement observés dans la région au iv e  siècle, d’autres renferment des parures féminines de tradition germanique ou du mobilier considéré comme caractéristique des hommes de troupe de la militia (présence de ceinturons, ainsi que de siliques, de petites monnaies d’argent). Une partie de ces objets a pu être importée ou bien a voyagé avec leurs propriétaires. Les analyses anthropologiques confirment l’apport d’une population étrangère au groupe local. Ces groupes, d’origine sociale et géographique distincte, partagent l’espace sépulcral de manière homogène, sans regroupement spécifique.
Transferts de migrants, sécurité alimentaire et variabilité climatique : le cas du Burkina Faso
Authors: Tapsoba Tebkieta Alexandra , Combes Motel Pascale , Combes Jean-Louis
Published: May 2023

Cet article évalue l’impact des transferts des migrants et de la variabilité climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages au Burkina Faso. Il s’appuie sur une base de données originale construite à partir de l’enquête 2009 de la Banque mondiale sur les migrations et les transferts. Une analyse en composantes principales permet d’élaborer un indice de sécurité alimentaire. L’indice standardisé de précipitation et d’évapotranspiration (SPEI) caractérise la situation climatique dans les différenes régions. Les résultats économétriques corroborent l’effet négatif de la détérioration des conditions climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. En revanche, les transferts de fonds renforcent la sécurité alimentaire et atténuent l’effet négatif du SPEI sur la sécurité alimentaire. Ces résultats sont robustes à un biais d’endogénéité potentiel des transferts en utilisant la distance au chemin de fer des ménages et l’éducation des migrants comme instruments. Classification JEL  : F24, O13, Q18, Q54.
Marchés intégrés et négociations salariales efficientes
Authors: Thiam Mamadou
Published: May 2023

Dans cet article, nous traitons des effets de l’ouverture commerciale sur l’emploi et les salaires de deux pays symétriques. Deux firmes qui produisent des biens différenciés font chacune face à une main-d’œuvre syndiquée et se font concurrence en Cournot. L’équilibre emploi-salaire résulte d’un jeu de négociation dit efficient, entre les firmes et le syndicat des travailleurs. Nous trouvons que l’ouverture commerciale augmente le niveau d’emploi et n’a pas d’effet sur les salaires dès lors que les deux marchés tendent vers une intégration parfaite. Classification JEL  : C62, D43, F15, F16, J51, L13.
Another Wind of Change? Evidence about Political Outsiders in the French Parliament
Authors: Volle Alexandre , Cazals Antoine , El Rafhi Bilal
Published: May 2023

Certains citoyens déçus par les représentants politiques habituels se tournent volontiers vers de nouveaux candidats issus de la société civile et sans expérience politique préalable. Cet article étudie de manière empirique si ce renouvellement d’élus mène à un changement dans la représentation politique. Notre analyse s’appuie sur une base de données compilant les votes et l’activité législative de plus de 1 000 députés entre 2012 et 2020. Afin d’isoler correctement un effet de novicité en politique, nous dissocions le fait que les élus de la société civile soient également novices au sein du Parlement. Notre stratégie empirique permet d’isoler cet effet en utilisant les données concernant les représentants ayant déjà une expérience politique mais nouvellement élus au Parlement. En premier lieu, nous notons d’importantes disparités des élus issus de la société civile concernant leur indépendance vis-à-vis des consignes de vote de leur groupe parlementaire. Si les élus appartiennent à des groupes avec une cohésion relativement faible, ils montrent davantage d’indépendance à l’égard du groupe, tandis qu’il n’y aucune différence notable dans les groupes à forte cohésion. Ensuite, en utilisant un indice multidimensionnel de l'activité législative des députés, nous montrons que les différences observées sont avant tout dues au manque d’expérience parlementaire se traduisant par une activité moindre en début de mandat. Cette différence s’estompe, et ne conduit pas à une distinction de l’activité entre nouveaux et anciens membres du parlement sur l’entièreté du mandat. Globalement, même si l’élection de nouveaux politiques permet un changement des caractéristiques individuelles usuelles des députés comme l’âge ou le sexe, cela semble insuffisant pour faire souffler un véritable vent nouveau sur la façon de faire de la politique. Classification JEL : P16, D72
Rare dizziness, syncope, loss of consciousness, seizure, and risk of falling after vaccination
Authors: Ricke Darrell O.
Published: May 2023

Some individuals experience dizziness, syncope (temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure), seizure, and similar rare adverse events after vaccination. Sudden impacts to alertness, consciousness, ability to talk, vision, or balance may pose rare risks for some vaccinees for a few days post vaccination. Herein, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database is examined for relevant adverse events. These adverse events exhibit a consistent pattern of onset soon after vaccination consistent with other reported reactogenicity adverse events. The onset of these adverse events soon after vaccination provides supportive evidence to reject the hypothesis that the majority of these adverse events represent background occurrences unrelated to vaccination. The immediate onset timing of these adverse events represent a pattern that warrants further study. The observed onset pattern for multiple unrelated vaccines are consistent with the possible etiology of innate immune responses to vaccination as causative for these observed adverse events. Cautionary avoidance of some activities immediately following vaccination may reduce accidental injuries.
Similarity of epidemic spreading and information network connectivity mechanisms demonstrated by analysis of two probabilistic models
Authors: Almiala Into , Kuikka Vesa
Published: May 2023

The modelling of epidemic spreading is essential in understanding the mechanisms of outbreaks and pandemics. Many models for different kinds of spreading have been proposed throughout the history of modelling, each suited for a specific scenario and parameters. On the other hand, models of information networks provide important tools for the analysis of the performance and reliability of such networks. We have previously presented a model for simulating the spreading of infectious disease throughout a social network and another one for simulating the connectivity of data traffic in an information network. We argue that these models are similar in that they produce equivalent results with appropriate parameters when run on the same network. We explain this by reasoning that the manners in which the models carry out their calculations, although devised from different assumptions, turn out to be equivalent. We also show empirical results of applying the models to calculate the spread of contagion and information connectivity on two complex networks suitable for the models. Based on the results, we calculate centrality metrics reflecting the outcome of the application, highlighting its important properties. We note that the centrality values obtained by running the epidemic model and the connectivity model turn out to be mutually equivalent, as predicted by their similar fashions of calculation. As the models were independently developed for their own applications, the equivalence in their calculation can not be explained by the models purposefully built similarly. Thus, not only are the two apparently completely separate areas of interest analysable with a single model but there appear to be inherent similarities in the mechanisms of epidemic spreading and determining network connectivity.
Passivity analysis for Markovian jumping neutral type neural networks with leakage and mode-dependent delay
Authors: Mala Natarajan , Vinodkumar Arumugam , Alzabut Jehad
Published: May 2023

In this study, we discuss the passivity analysis for Markovian jumping Neural Networks of neural-type. The results are demonstrated using phases of linear matrix inequalities as well as an improved Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) of the triple integral terms and quadruple integrals. The information of the mode-dependent of all delays have been taken into account in the constructed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and novel stability criterion is derived. The value of selecting as many Lyapunov matrices that are mode-dependent as possible is demonstrated. The effectiveness and decreased conservatism of the aforementioned theoretical results are eventually demonstrated by a numerical example.
Thermal magnetic analysis on iron ores and banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Hamersley Province: Implications of origins of magnetic minerals and iron ores
Authors: Guo William
Published: May 2023

The genesis models of the iron-ores hosted in banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Hamersley Province of Western Australia have been debated since the iron-ore deposits were discovered in the 1960s. The existing models considered the few physicochemical conditions for the iron-ore enrichment from BIFs. This study incorporates the latest research outcomes in conversions among the major magnetic minerals under different physicochemical conditions with the thermal magnetic analysis for BIFs and iron-ores collected from the Hamersley Province to fill the gap in knowledge highlighted by existing studies of the iron ores and BIFs. The results indicate that the high-grade hematite ores might have been undergone a physicochemical process under hydrothermal conditions between 120 ℃ and 220 ℃ during the major stage of enrichment from the original BIFs in the Brockman Iron Formation. Such physicochemical conditions would require either that the BIF units were buried 4000–5000 m underground with tilted broad channels formed by large-scale deformation in the region that facilitates hydrothermal reactions and leaching by the fluids flowing down deep to 4000–5000 m, somehow similar to the deep-seated supergene model proposed in previous works, or that the BIF units were still buried but the hydrothermal fluids coming up from deeper sources spread widely over the broad channels to ensure the high-grade hematite ores are consistently uniform over the entire deposit. The large-scale martite-goethite deposits in the Marra Mamba Iron Formation might be derived from multiple supergene phases from hematite-martite ores below 100 ℃ in the natural process of oxidization near surface, somewhat similar to the existing model for the channel iron deposits. Magnetite contained within current BIFs and iron ores was least likely derived from primary hematite in BIFs.
Differences weighted composition operators acting between kind of weighted Bergman-type spaces and the Bers-type space -I-
Authors: Al-Ahmadi Aydah Mohammed Ayed
Published: May 2023

Let $ \mathcal{O}(\mathbb{D}) $ denote the class of all analytic or holomorphic functions on the open unit disk $ \mathbb{D} $ of $ \mathbb{C} $. Let $ \varphi $ and $ \psi $ are an analytic self-maps of $ \mathbb{D} $ and $ u, v\in \mathcal{O}(\mathbb{D}). $ The difference of two weighted composition operators is defined by

   \begin{document}$ T_{\varphi, \psi}f(z): = \bigg(W_{\varphi, \;u}f- W_{\psi, \;v}f\bigg)(z) = u (z)(f\circ \varphi)(z) -v(z)(f\circ \psi)(z), \ f \in \mathcal{O}(\mathbb{D})\;\hbox{and}\;z\in \mathbb{D}. $\end{document}

The boundedness and compactness of the differences of two weighted composition operators from $ {\cal H}_{\alpha}^\infty(\mathbb{D}) $ spaces into $ \mathcal{N}_{K}(\mathbb{D}) $ spaces (resp. from $ \mathcal{N}_{K}(\mathbb{D}) $ into $ {\cal H}_{\alpha}^\infty (\mathbb{D}) $) are investigate in this paper.
A graph neural network-enhanced knowledge graph framework for intelligent analysis of policing cases
Authors: Zhu Hongqiang
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we model a knowledge graph based on graph neural networks, conduct an in-depth study on building knowledge graph embeddings for policing cases, and design a graph neural network-enhanced knowledge graph framework. In detail, we use the label propagation algorithm (LPA) to assist the convolutional graph network (GCN) in training the edge weights of the knowledge graph to construct a policing case prediction method. This improves the traditional convolutional neural network from a single-channel network to a multichannel network to accommodate the multiple feature factors of policing cases. In addition, this expands the perceptual field of the convolutional neural network to improve prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the multichannel convolutional neural network's prediction accuracy can reach 87.7%. To ensure the efficiency of the security case analysis network, an efficient pairwise feature extraction base module is added to enhance the backbone network, which reduces the number of parameters of the whole network and decreases the complexity of operations. We experimentally demonstrate that this method achieves a better balance of efficiency and performance by obtaining approximate results with 53.5% fewer floating-point operations and 70.2% fewer number parameters than its contemporary work.
Projections of human papillomavirus vaccination and its impact on cervical cancer using the Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Simelane Simphiwe M. , Munyakazi Justin B. , Dlamini Phumlani G. , Egbelowo Oluwaseun F.
Published: May 2023

We propose a fractional order model for human papillomavirus (HPV) dynamics, including the effects of vaccination and public health education on developing cervical cancer. First, we discuss the general structure of Caputo fractional derivatives and integrals. Next, we define the fractional HPV model using Caputo derivatives. The model equilibrium quantities, with their stability, are discussed based on the magnitude of the reproduction number. We compute and simulate numerical solutions of the presented fractional model using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme. Meanwhile, real data sourced from reports from the World Health Organization is used to establish the parameters and compute the basic reproduction number. We present figures of state variables for different fractional orders and the classical integer order. The impacts of vaccination and public health education are discussed through numerical simulations. From the results, we observe that an increase in both vaccination rates and public health education increases the quality of life, and thus, reduces disease burden and suffering in communities. The results also confirm that modeling HPV transmission dynamics using fractional derivatives includes history effects in the model, making the model further insightful and appropriate for studying HPV dynamics.
Bacillus cereus strains from donor human milk and hospital environment: uncovering a putative common origin using comparative analysis of toxin and infra-red spectroscopy profiles
Authors: Outurquin Gaëtan , Obin Odile , Petit Anaïs , Weiss Roxane , Léké André , Adjidé Crespin , Mullié Catherine
Published: May 2023

Bacillus cereus is reported as a common cause of toxin-induced food poisoning and of contamination in pasteurized human milk donations. As various toxins can be produced by B. cereus, the aim of this work was first to investigate the toxigenic potential and profiles of 63 B. cereus isolates from Amiens Picardie human milk bank. A comparison to the toxigenic profiles of 27 environmental B. cereus isolates harvested in the hospital in which this human milk bank is situated was performed. Toxin gene prevalences were the highest for nhe (ABC) and entFM followed by cytK and hbl(ACD). A 27% prevalence was found for ces human milk isolates, which is higher than previous works reporting on pasteurized milk and dairy products. No significant differences could be found between human milk and environmental isolates regarding toxin gene prevalences and/or toxin gene profiles. The second aim was to establish whether a B. cereus cross-contamination between human milk and the environment could occur. This was achieved with the help of Fourrier-transform infra-red spectroscopy which enabled the discrimination of 2 main clusters of 11 and 8 isolates, each containing human milk and Amiens Picardie human milk bank environmental isolates. For these two clusters, the time sequence showed that human milk isolates were the first to occur and might have contaminated the milk bank environment as well as other human milk donations. Routinely used on B. cereus isolates, Fourrier-transform infra-red spectroscopy could help in rapidly detecting such clusters and in limiting the spread of a B. cereus strain that might generate rejection of pasteurized donation by the human milk bank.
UV radiation sensitivity of bacteriophage PhiX174 - A potential surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of radiation inactivation
Authors: Weyersberg Laura , Sommerfeld Florian , Vatter Petra , Hessling Martin
Published: May 2023

To minimize health risks, surrogates are often employed to reduce experiments with pathogenic microorganisms and the associated health risk. Due to structural similarities between the enveloped RNA-viruses SARS-CoV-2 and Phi6, the latter has been established as a nonpathogenic coronavirus surrogate for many applications. However, large discrepancies in the UV log-reduction doses between SARS-CoV-2 and Phi6 necessitate the search for a better surrogate for UV inactivation applications. A literature study provided the bacteriophage PhiX174 as a potentially more suitable nonpathogenic coronavirus surrogate candidate. In irradiation experiments, the sensitivity of PhiX174 was investigated upon exposure to UV radiation of wavelengths 222 nm (Far-UVC), 254 nm (UVC), 302 nm (broad-band UVB), 311 nm (narrow-band UVB) and 366 nm (UVA) using a plaque assay. The determined log-reduction doses for PhiX174 were 1.3 mJ/cm2 @ 222 nm, 5 mJ/cm2 @ 254 nm, 17.9 mJ/cm2 @ 302 nm, 625 mJ/cm2 @ 311 nm and 42.5 J/cm2 @ 366 nm. The comparison of these results with published log-reduction doses of SARS-CoV-2 in the same spectral region, led to the conclusion that the bacteriophage PhiX174 exhibits larger log-reduction doses than SARS-CoV-2, nevertheless, it is a better UV-surrogate at 222 nm (Far-UVC), 254 nm (UVC) and 302 nm (UVB) than the often applied Phi6.
Diffusion of binary opinions in a growing population with heterogeneous behaviour and external influence
Authors: Moharir Sharayu , Omanwar Ananya S. , Sahasrabudhe Neeraja
Published: May 2023

We consider a growing population of individuals with binary opinions, namely, 0 or 1, that evolve in discrete time. The underlying interaction network is complete. At every time step, a fixed number of individuals are added to the population. The opinion of the new individuals may or may not depend on the current configuration of opinions in the population. Further, in each time step, a fixed number of individuals are chosen and they update their opinion in three possible ways: they organically switch their opinion with some probability and with some probability they adopt the majority or the minority opinion. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the fraction of individuals with either opinion and characterize conditions under which it converges to a deterministic limit. We analyze the behaviour of the limiting fraction as a function of the probability of new individuals having opinion 1 as well as with respect to the ratio of the number of people being added to the population and the number of people being chosen to update opinions. We also discuss the nature of fluctuations around the limiting fraction and study the transitions in scaling depending on the system parameters. Further, for this opinion dynamics model on a finite time horizon, we obtain optimal external influencing strategies in terms of when to influence to get the maximum expected fraction of individuals with opinion 1 at the end of the finite time horizon.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Corrosion Research
Authors: Anadebe Valentine Chikaodili , Chukwuike Vitalis Ikenna , Okoye Chukwunonso Chukwuzuluoke , Guo Lei , Barik Rakesh Chandra
Published: May 2023

Currently, the world is gradually moving to a digital world with the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning models. The invention of these algorithms is a very big development for society. Artificial intelligence is a branch of science and engineering discipline concerned with teaching machines to think fast and operate like humans. Machine learning is concerned with using computer software to analyse complex non-linear tasks without the need for complex programming. In the oil and gas sector, the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to appraise the efficiency of an inhibitor is gradually gaining attention in corrosion inhibition and pipeline integrity assessment. However, the proposed chapter will discuss more on the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in corrosion related research.
Food Grade Biopolymer Corrosion and Biocorrosion Inhibition
Authors: Khattabi Mohamed , Rkhaila Amine , Alaoui Khaoula , Ounine Khadija , Chafik El Idrissi Brahim , Oudda Hassan , El Yacoubi Ahmed , El Kacimi Younes
Published: May 2023

Metal corrosion is a major global concern in many economic sectors. Specifically, in the food and pharmaceutical industry, stainless steel is exposed to heat, water, and harsh cleaning chemicals. Through those exposures, food grade stainless steel must remain durable, corrosion free, and be easy to sanitize. These features are crucial because produced foodstuffs and drugs must comply with high purity and quality standards. Just a proper selection of stainless-steel grade can prevent corrosion phenomena that can be detrimental to the whole manufacturing process. In this book chapter, the corrosion and biocorrosion inhibition of stainless steel was investigated under harsh cleaning chemicals condition (10% HCl). For that, Chitin and Chitosan are extracted successively from the pink shrimp shells of Parapenaeus longirostris collected from the local market of Mehdia. Their corrosion and biocorrosion inhibition potential was evaluated via standard weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopymeasurement.
Guidelines on the Use of Traditional Organic Sulfonate Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Fan Sixuan , Zhou Chen , Tan Li , Song Xuechao , Li Yuanxing , Zhang Jingchun , Li Jiusheng , Zeng Xiangqiong
Published: May 2023

In this chapter the authors summarized the molecular structure and classification of organic sulfonate in the market. To disclose corrosion inhibition properties of organic sulfonate, a series of test methodologies were established by mimicking different application environment from general and indoor storage to harsh exterior environments, including salt spray test, rust prevention test in the presence of water solution, seven day accelerated lamination test, water displacement test, and single piece rust prevention test. The correlation between the molecular structure, like base number, cation type, micelle size, cation sulfur ration, etc., and the corrosion inhibition performance of organic sulfonate under various mimicked test conditions was systematically revealed, with the comprehensive analysis of their action mechanism based on the produce of hydrophobic adsorption film excluding water and air from reaching the metal surface. Further aspects with respect to the development, synergy effect, and application of organic sulfonate was discussed as well.
A Rare Cause of Interstitial Lung Disease with Skin Lesion
Authors: Ramakrishnan Smera , Hegde Spandana P , Mala Manjunath Shenoy , Attar Nazir
Published: May 2023

We report a case of an interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology in a middle-aged man who later presented with skin lesions on the upper back. Histopathological examination showed noncaseating granulomas suggesting a possibility of cutaneous sarcoidosis. With further workup that included histopathology, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology primarily affecting the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes but can affect virtually any organ. In our case, appearance of cutaneous lesion and further workup lead to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Lepromatous Leprosy with Rare Presentation of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Enigma of Relapse versus Reinfection
Authors: Krishnegowda Ranjitha , Belgaumkar Vasudha A , Pradhan Shekhar N , Chavan Ravindranath B , Bhatt Neelam Kumari
Published: May 2023

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
leprae. It can be a great imitator with varied manifestations, which unless identified and treated appropriately in a timely manner can lead to significant disabilities and deformities associated with profound psychological and social stigma. Vasculitis-like lesions in leprosy are seen in type 2 lepra reactions (erythema nodosum leprosum [ENL]), Lucio phenomenon, and Lazarine leprosy. Here, we report a patient who presented with palpable purpura-like and lichenoid lesions. On extensive enquiry of his history with correlation of clinical features and histopathology, he was diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy (? relapse or? reinfection or? persistent infection) with ENL. He was started on hepatosafe regimen, in view of his deranged liver and renal function tests. This form of presentation is rarely reported in the literature.
An Unusual Presentation of Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Naik Ravina , Pai Varadraj V , Shukla Pankaj
Published: May 2023

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering skin disease that usually occurs in the elderly population. Morphological patterns of BP are varied and include lesions such as prurigo, urticaria, dyshidrosiform eczema, vegetative, erosive, erythema annulare centrifugum, nodular, and can very rarely toxic epidermal necrolysis. Drug-induced or drug triggered BP must be suspected if the disease subsides or remits on withdrawal of the probable offending drug. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, aldosterone antagonists, anticholinergics, and dopaminergic medication are the common drugs associated with BP.
A Clinico – Epidemiological and Bacteriological Study of Secondary Pyoderma from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Atmakuri Deepthi , Shyam Prasad Arakali Lakshminarayana , Gayathri Devi D R
Published: May 2023

Background:

Pyodermas, one of the most common clinical conditions encountered in dermatological practice in all age groups, are further classified into primary (including superficial and deep) and secondary. Bacterial infections occurring in preexisting dermatoses constitute secondary pyodermas and comprise infected eczemas/scabies/foot ulcers, surgical site infections and others.

Objectives:

This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, and bacteriological features of secondary pyodermas in a tertiary hospital and document the various patterns of antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:

This observational study was conducted on 101 consecutive cases of secondary pyodermas, both outpatients and inpatients, of a tertiary care hospital, over a period of 12 months. Clinicoepidemiological data was recorded, and pus samples were collected using sterile swabs for microbiological testing.

Results:

Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (n = 50). Of the total cases of secondary pyodermas, thirty (29.7%) were diabetic foot ulcers, and most lesions were of 2–5 cm size (n = 47), present for a duration of <1 week (n = 39), followed by 1–6 weeks (n = 35). Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n = 38) among Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 17) among Gram-negative bacteria were the most common organisms isolated. A high percentage of isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance, with Gram-positive bacteria showing resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin with Clavulanic acid, and Clindamycin but susceptibility to Linezolid, Cloxacillin, and Doxycycline. Among the Gram-negative isolates, there was antibiotic resistance toward most groups.

Conclusion:

As multi-drug resistance is an emerging concern, knowledge of associated comorbid conditions and documenting bacterial isolates and their sensitivity patterns becomes increasingly important.
Porokeratoses – All in One
Authors: Baxi Kalgi , Patel Ani P , Chandibhamar Vidhi S , Trivedi Nishi , Patel Nayan H , Raval Ranjan C
Published: May 2023

Porokeratosis (PK) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormal epidermal proliferation. Several clinical variants have been described, but coexistence of multiple variants in a single patient has been reported in only a few cases. We hereby report a case of multiple variants of PK (disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis over the face and the scalp presenting with scarring alopecia and verrucous PK over genital mucosa) involving multiple unusual body sites in a single patient.
Treatment Approach for Superficial Dermatophytosis Infections and Factors Contributing for Noncompliance to Antifungal Therapy in India
Authors: Inamadar Arun , Rengasamy Madhu , Charugulla Sujeet Narayan
Published: May 2023

Background:

The prevalence of superficial dermatophytosis has ascended in India over the past 6–7 years. Chronic, recurrent, and steroid-modified tinea with nonresponse to the conventional treatment regimens are being commonly reported. This can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors related to environment, host, and virulence of the organism and a rampant use of topical corticosteroid, antifungal, antibacterial, and irrational combination creams. Host factors such as living conditions, immunity, poor adherence to general measures, and non-compliance to treatment may affect the spread of infection and clinical presentation.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to understand the prevailing treatment approach for superficial dermatophytosis in India and the host factors contributing to noncompliance to antifungal therapy.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional qualitative knowledge, attitude, and practice study conducted with 220 dermatologists who participated in DERMACON national conference held at Kochi in 2018.

Results:

Of the 220 dermatologists, 87.3% stated that there was a rise of tinea fungal infection clinical cases in India. About, 42.3% reported that recalcitrant tinea infection attributed to 10%–30% of increase in the number of clinical cases per week. The treatment of choice for superficial dermatophytosis, as per majority of the surveyed dermatologists is a combination of oral azole and topical azole. For recalcitrant fungal infections, 37.3% of the dermatologists stated that at least 4 weeks of antifungal therapy would be the optimal duration for new tinea cases. Overall, 30%–50% of the patients were noncompliant to the prescribed treatment as per 35.5% of the dermatologists. Almost all (97.7%) dermatologists agreed that there is a need for treatment consensus on treating superficial fungal infection.

Conclusion:

Majority of the dermatologists agreed that there is an increase in the prevalence of superficial dermatophytosis in India. Appropriate use of oral (optimal dosage) and topical antifungals are considered vital for the successful management of this infection. Appropriate use of topical and systemic antifungal agents for the right duration along with proper counseling is considered vital for the successful management of this infection.
Twenty Nail Dystrophy
Authors: Nayak Ashish Kumar , Behera Biswanath , Dash Siddhartha , Sethy Madhusmita , Palit Aparna
Published: May 2023

Lepromatous leprosy (LL) is a systemic illness which involves various organs either directly due to Mycobacterium leprae or as a part of lepra reaction. Nail changes occur in leprosy with variable frequency but may not have a direct causal relationship with leprosy. Hereby, we are describing a case of untreated LL presenting with twenty nail dystrophy and a direct causal relationship of the same due to M. leprae.
Vulval Lymphangiectasia Post-radiotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Raj P Aswathi , Indra C Kanmani , Nasrin MI , Jacob Niji Sara
Published: May 2023

Cutaneous lymphangiectasia is a benign cutaneous disorder of dilatation of the dermal and subcutaneous lymphatic channels, which occurs rarely on the vulva. It can be congenital or acquired developing secondary to tuberculosis, surgery, and radiotherapy. We report the case of a 58-year-old female patient who gives a history of cervical cancer, for which she underwent hysterectomy and postsurgery radiotherapy 3 years back, now presenting with multiple lumps over the vulva, which discharged clear fluid for 1 year. Acquired vulval lymphangiectasia develops 7–15 years postradiotherapy or surgery commonly, while in our case, it developed earlier. On local examination, there were multiple shiny translucent and hyperpigmented “frog-spawn like” vesicles and papules present over the lower midabdomen, mons pubis, and labia majora. Diagnosis of vulval lymphangiectasia was made on the clinical findings and biopsy. Biopsy revealed dilated lymphatic channels in the superficial and deep dermis. CO2 laser treatment was done for the patient.
Dermatodendrosophy and Dermatokarposophy – A Bird's Eye View
Authors: Patki Anil Harishchandra , Choudhary Paras
Published: May 2023

Dermatodendrosophy is defined to describe the relation between dermatology and the trees whereas Dermatokarposophy describes the connection between dermatology and fruits. Here were are describing these two new terms, Dermatodendrsophy and Dermatokarposophy, in details.
The Twenty Factors that Made Teledermatology Consultation a Matured Application: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanthraj Garehatty Rudrappa
Published: May 2023

Background:

Systematic reviews on various factors that favor teledermatology consultation (TC) are reported. Meta-analysis is available. TC gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the factors may help in planning and implementation of TC.

Objective:

To identify, classify, and analyze the various factors contributed to the growth of TC.

Materials and Methods:

The factors that have a positive influence on TC were noted. Seven academic databases (Cochrane, Pub Med, Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched with the keyword “TELEDERMATOLOGY.” Systematic review and meta-analysis (1998–2021) investigating on various factors were chosen. However, only feasibility studies were examined and analyzed for those factors (sub-specialty TC application) where nonavailability of systematic review or meta-analysis. They were categorized with respect to factors related to (a) Technology platform, (b) Patient and (c) Physician interaction. They included the diagnostic accuracy and concordance, management accuracy and concordance, measures of time (waiting times, delay to diagnosis, and barriers to implementation, technology tools, patient–physician willingness, and satisfaction).

Results:

Total 1053 articles were screened. A total of 36 systematic reviews, 3 meta-analyses, and 13 feasibility studies identified twenty factors responsible for the growth and development of TC. There were 17 factors confirmed by systematic review and meta-analysis and 3 factors identified by 13 feasibility studies. Information technology-5 factors, role of dermatologist and patient 11 and 2 factors respectively were identified. COVID-19 pandemic and framing TC guidelines emerged as 2 independent factors.

Conclusion:

The constellation of twenty factors identified, classified and analyzed, confirms TC is a matured application to deliver dermatology care.

Recommendation:

Health-care providers and policymakers can consider these factors in planning and implementation.
A Retrospective Analysis of WhatsApp as a Mode of Teledermatology: A Need of the Present Bringing in a Newer Consultation Mode in Future
Authors: Bhatia Shibani , Goyal Shivam , Ballambat Sathish Pai , Pai Kanthilatha , Pai Madhavi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Telemedicine is usually considered a provision of health-care services, where distances are a critical factor. WhatsApp is a popular instant messaging app used worldwide, which incorporates encrypted text/voice/video-based communication making it ideal for dermatology consults in the current situation.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to do a retrospective analysis of new and follow-up patients seen through teledermatology (TD) using WhatsApp and telemedicine platform as a communication tool during the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective analysis of new and follow-up patients seen through teledermatology during the lockdown was done. The teleconsultation was provided through WhatsApp and telemedicine platform. Consent was sought, and a detailed history was obtained through messaging and by call. Clinical pictures sent by WhatsApp were analyzed, and a diagnosis was made by correlating the history and image findings. Treatment was individualized for each patient, and a teleprescription was sent as per the guidelines provided by the health-care regulators.

Results:

This study retrospectively analyzed the usefulness of WhatsApp-based teleconsultations for 60 patients comprising 32 new and 28 follow-up cases during the lockdown. The conditions ranged from various forms of dermatitis, papulosquamous disorders, and autoimmune blistering disorders to cutaneous infections.

Conclusion:

Diagnosis could be made in all 60 patients. Positive patient perception and prognosis, with decreased financial liabilities were noticed. WhatsApp provides a way to move forward in these uncertain times. Specific guidelines on TD have to be inculcated in routine practice.
Cutaneous Mucormycosis in the Setting of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Following Snakebite
Authors: Devanda Rajendra , Indra C Kanmani
Published: May 2023

We report a case of cutaneous mucormycosis occurring in the setting of disseminated intravascular coagulation following snakebite in an adult. It occurred in the chest wall presenting as a necrotic patch with satellite spots. This case occurred in a different clinical scenario in which mucormycosis is not usually suspected. This highlights the importance of a wide range of clinical suspicion to diagnose such cases in an unusual scenario. Since mucormycosis spreads rapidly with a bad prognosis, it warrants early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this case has been reported for its unusual presentation. There is also the need to suspect and diagnose these cases early for effective management.
An Atypical Association of Cutaneous Crohn’s Disease with Hidradenitis Suppurativa without Clinically or Endoscopically Apparent Bowel Involvement
Authors: Maheshwari Kriti , Jain Jikisha , Gupta Kalpana , Vyas Kapil
Published: May 2023

Cutaneous Crohn’s disease (CD) usually manifests with underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may precede, present simultaneously, or even manifest years later to the IBD. Cutaneous involvement in CD may be due to metastatic or contiguous spread from the underlying focus. Cutaneous manifestations of CD may be specific with histopathologically consistent diagnosis or nonspecific reactive processes. Specific cutaneous findings may be considered sine qua non of the diagnosis. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease of follicular occlusion found to be associated with IBD, especially CD. The concurrence of cutaneous Crohn’s (CC) without apparent bowel involvement and HS simultaneously or sequentially as two independent processes has rarely been reported. When either of the diseases clinically superimposes on the other, the judgment of the clinician regarding diagnosis is often jeopardized due to almost similar spectrum of cutaneous lesions in both diseases. Herein, we are reporting a rare clinical scenario where there is co-occurrence of CC without apparent bowel involvement and HS.