bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IBN SĪNĀ ON PROVING CAUSALITY
Authors: Erlwein Hannah C.
Published: October 2024

Ibn Sīnā famously opens The Metaphysics (Al-ilāhiyyāt) of The Healing (Al-šifāʾ) with a discussion of what constitutes the subject matter of that science. Several candidates are introduced and subsequently dismissed, before “the existent qua existent” is identified as its subject matter. Among the candidates dismissed, he mentions “the ultimate causes for all existents, the four of them” (which are, however, things investigated [maṭālib] in this science). Here, Ibn Sīnā comes to problematise the notion of causality itself. He is adamant that “the existence of causes for things which are effects” is not self-evident, but needs to be proven by the metaphysician by means of a “demonstrative clarification” (bayān burhānī). He explains why sensation (ḥiss) and experience (taǧriba) cannot prove causality, before turning to its metaphysical proof. In this article, I investigate what Ibn Sīnā thought this “demonstrative clarification” of causality is. I present an analysis of his train of thought and a commentary on the various points he makes, leading up to his proof of causality. These points touch on problems of psychology, scientific method, and scientific proof, and can be unpacked by taking into account explanations he offers elsewhere.
The Intersection of Ableism, Domestic Colonialism and Statistics in Britain from Bentham to Galton
Authors: Arneil Barbara
Published: October 2024

Statistics, ableism and domestic colonialism were inextricably intertwined in Britain over the long nineteenth century, based on both engineering people deemed to be “backward” and improving “waste” land, which together were used to justify farm colonies for the disabled, bookended by two key moments. The first is Sir John Sinclair's introduction of descriptive statistics into the English language in order to provide a foundation for domestic colonization which, as the founding president of the British Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, he promoted. He also enlisted Jeremy Bentham, who published his own domestic colonization plan (massive pauper panopticons on waste land) rooted in the statistics of his pauper population table. The second key moment occurs at the beginning of the twentieth century, when Sir Francis Galton develops key statistical arithmetic methods as the foundation for eugenics and his defense of compulsory segregation of the mentally disabled into domestic farm colonies.
Improved Lifetime Model of Energetic Electrons Due to Their Interactions With Chorus Waves
Authors: Wang Dedong , Shprits Yuri Y. , Haas Bernhard , Drozdov Alexander Y.
Published: October 2024

Chorus waves induce both electron acceleration and loss. In this letter, we provide significantly improved models of electron lifetime due to interactions with chorus waves. The new models fill the gap that previous models have on some magnetic local time (MLT) sectors of the Earth's magnetosphere. This improvement is critical for modeling studies. The lifetime models developed using two different methods are valid for electrons with an energy range from 1 keV to 2 MeV. To facilitate the integration of these new models into different ring current and radiation belt codes, we parameterize the electron lifetime as a function of ‐shell and electron kinetic energy at each MLT and geomagnetic activity (Kp). The parameterized electron lifetimes exhibit strong dependencies on ‐shell, MLT, and energy. Simulations using these new models demonstrate improved agreement with satellite observations compared to simulations using previous models, advancing our understanding of electron dynamics in the magnetosphere.
To What Extent Does Discounting ‘Hot’ Climate Models Improve the Predictive Skill of Climate Model Ensembles?
Authors: McDonnell Abigail , Bauer Adam Michael , Proistosescu Cristian
Published: October 2024

It depends. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Assessment Report Six (AR6) took a step toward ending so‐called ‘model democracy’ by discounting climate models that are too warm over the historical period (i.e., models that ‘run hot’) when making projections of global temperature change. However, the IPCC did not address whether this procedure is reliable for other quantities. Here, we explore the implications of weighting climate models according to their skill in reproducing historical global‐mean surface temperature using three other climate variables of interest: global average precipitation change, regional average temperature change, and regional average precipitation change. We find that the temperature‐based weighting scheme leads to an improved prediction of global average precipitation, though we show that this prediction could be overconfident. On regional scales, we find a heterogeneous pattern of error reduction in future regional precipitation. This stands in sharp contrast with the broad regional pattern of error reduction in future temperature projections, though we do find regions where error is not significantly reduced. Our results demonstrate that practitioners using weighted climate model ensembles for climate projections must take care when weighting by temperature alone, lest they produce unreliable climate projections that result from an inappropriate weighting procedure.
Morphology of Brine‐Seawater Interface and Spatial Distribution of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Windows in the Muddy Coast
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Sun Zengbing , Lei Bingxiao , Li Mingbo , Guo Xiujun , Zheng Tianyuan , Luo Jian
Published: October 2024

The brine‐seawater interface (BSI) is a unique type of groundwater‐seawater interface (GSI) characterized by the higher density of underground brine compared to seawater. This study focuses on characterizing the bay‐scale BSI morphology and identifying submarine‐groundwater discharge windows using a comprehensive in‐situ geophysical detection on the south bank of Laizhou Bay. Our findings reveal that the BSI forms an extensive mixing zone (15–20 km) without distinct contours between waters of varying salinities. The discharge windows for underground brine are located in nearshore areas with fine sand distribution and offshore pockmark areas. Hydraulic and salinity gradients drive the underground brine discharge through these windows. The aquitard window is the primary area for shallow and deep brine exchange, likely evolved from paleochannels, ancient tidal creeks, or ancient underwater barriers. These findings provide crucial modeling support for analyzing environmental evolution mechanisms and theoretical basis for planning the underground brine mining in similar coastal regions.
Land‐To‐Sea Mapping of the Glacial Erosion Unconformity Reveals Evolution of the Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex East of Rügen Island (SW Baltic Sea)
Authors: Haimerl B. , Seidel E. , Gehrmann A. , Preine J. , Schmidt M. C. , Hübscher C.
Published: October 2024

Glacial movements shaped vast northern parts, offering critical insights into glacial dynamics in a changing climate. Located on the island of Rügen in NE Germany, the Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (JGC) is a key area to study the dynamics of past glaciations. Previous reconstructions focused primarily on the onshore realm, resulting in some areas remaining unexplored. Here we use more than 140 high‐resolution marine multi‐channel seismic profiles to map the erosional unconformity surrounding the JGC for the first time. Submarine glacial features match features observed onshore, allowing a consistent land‐to‐sea reconstruction of the evolution of the JGC. Our results indicate a single SW‐directed Weichselian glacier advance, suggesting that the JGC formed through three distinct glacier lobes exerting pressure from multiple directions. The ice advance encircled the Jasmund peninsula and overthrusted Cretaceous sediments on the JGC perpendicularly and laterally.
Effects of Subauroral Polarization Streams on Ionospheric Radial Currents During the Geomagnetic Storm on 23 April 2023
Authors: Xia Hao , Wang Hui , Zhang Kedeng
Published: October 2024

Using observations from dual‐spacecraft (dual‐SC, Swarm A and C) and simulations from the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), this work investigates the ionospheric radial current (IRC) in response to subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) during the geomagnetic storm on 23 April 2023. At noon, a radially inward disturbance IRC (ΔIRC) emerges in response to SAPS, leading to a further intensification of inward IRC. The model simulation indicates that the dynamo current prevails over the polarization current, serving as the primary driver of the inward ΔIRC. Additionally, the significantly enhanced Pedersen conductivity potentially amplifies the inward ΔIRC. At dusk, ΔIRC exhibit a slight outward trend before 21 UT and a pronounced inward trend around 21–24 UT. This temporal variation is attributed to the equatorward propagation of SAPS‐induced thermospheric winds within 3–4 hr. The noontime inward electric field at the dip equator arises from both equatorward winds at low‐mid latitudes and local eastward winds. However, at dusk, the inward polarization electric field primarily stems from local disturbed eastward winds.
FGF4 and ascorbic acid enhance the maturation of induced cardiomyocytes by activating JAK2–STAT3 signaling
Authors: Jun Seongmin , Song Myeong-Hwa , Choi Seung-Cheol , Noh Ji-Min , Kim Kyung Seob , Park Jae Hyoung , Yoon Da Eun , Kim Kyoungmi , Kim Minseok , Hwang Sun Wook , Lim Do-Sun
Published: October 2024

Direct cardiac reprogramming represents a novel therapeutic strategy to convert non-cardiac cells such as fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes (CMs). This process involves essential transcription factors, such as Mef2c, Gata4, Tbx5 (MGT), MESP1, and MYOCD (MGTMM). However, the small molecules responsible for inducing immature induced CMs (iCMs) and the signaling mechanisms driving their maturation remain elusive. Our study explored the effects of various small molecules on iCM induction and discovered that the combination of FGF4 and ascorbic acid (FA) enhances CM markers, exhibits organized sarcomere and T-tubule structures, and improves cardiac function. Transcriptome analysis emphasized the importance of ECM-integrin-focal adhesions and the upregulation of the JAK2–STAT3 and TGFB signaling pathways in FA-treated iCMs. Notably, JAK2–STAT3 knockdown affected TGFB signaling and the ECM and downregulated mature CM markers in FA-treated iCMs. Our findings underscore the critical role of the JAK2–STAT3 signaling pathway in activating TGFB signaling and ECM synthesis in directly reprogrammed CMs.
GPR56 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by promoting the TGF-β signaling pathway
Authors: Luo Yiming , Lu Junli , Lei Zhen , Rao Dean , Wang Tiantian , Fu Chenan , Zhu He , Zhang Zhiwei , Liao Zhibin , Liang Huifang , Huang Wenjie
Published: October 2024

The metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant threat to the survival of patients. G protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) has garnered extensive attention within malignant tumor research and plays a crucial role in cellular surface signal transmission. Nonetheless, its precise function in HCC remains ambiguous. Our investigation reveals a notable rise in GPR56 expression levels in human HCC cases, with heightened GPR56 levels correlating with unfavorable prognoses. GPR56 regulates TGF-β pathway by interacting with TGFBR1, thereby promoting HCC metastasis. At the same time, GPR56 is subject to regulation by the canonical cascade of TGF-β signaling, thereby establishing a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, the combination application of TGFBR1 inhibitor galunisertib (GAL) and GPR56 inhibitor Dihydromunduletone (DHM), significantly inhibits HCC metastasis. Interventions towards this signaling pathway could offer a promising therapeutic approach to effectively impede the metastasis of GPR56-mediated HCC.
Deciphering the impact of PROM1 alternative splicing on human photoreceptor development and maturation
Authors: Moya-Molina Marina , Dorgau Birthe , Flood Emily , Letteboer Stef J. F. , Lorentzen Esben , Coxhead Jonathan , Smith Graham , Roepman Ronald , Nagaraja Grellscheid Sushma , Armstrong Lyle , Lako Majlinda
Published: October 2024

Alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial mechanism contributing to proteomic diversity, which is highly regulated in tissue- and development-specific patterns. Retinal tissue exhibits one of the highest levels of AS. In particular, photoreceptors have a distinctive AS pattern involving the inclusion of microexons not found in other cell types. PROM1 whose encoded protein Prominin-1 is located in photoreceptor outer segments (OSs), undergoes exon 4 inclusion from the 12th post-conception week of human development through adulthood. Exon 4 skipping in PROM1 is associated with late-onset mild maculopathy, however its role in photoreceptor maturation and function is unknown. In this study retinal organoids, a valuable model system, were employed in combination with phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligos (PMOs) to assess the role of exon 4 AS in the development of human retina. Retinal organoids were treated with the PMOs for four weeks after which RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to assess exon 4 exclusion and its impact on photoreceptors. The transcriptome of treated ROs was studied by bulk RNA-Seq. Our data demonstrate that 55% skipping of PROM1 exon 4 resulted in decreased Prominin-1 expression by 40%, abnormal accumulation of cones in the basal side of the retinal organoids as well as detectable cone photoreceptor cilium defects. Transcriptomic and western blot analyses revealed decreased expression of cone, inner segment and connecting cilium basal body markers, increased expression of genes associated with stress response and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and downregulation of autophagy. Importantly, the use of retinal organoids provides a valuable platform to study AS and unravel disease mechanisms in a more physiologically relevant context, opening avenues for further research and potential therapeutic interventions. Together our data indicate that cones may be more sensitive to PROM1 exon 4 skipping and/or reduced Prominin-1 expression, corroborating the pathogenesis of late-onset mild maculopathy.
Social identity correlates of social media engagement before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Kyrychenko Yara , Brik Tymofii , van der Linden Sander , Roozenbeek Jon
Published: October 2024

Despite the global presence of social media platforms, the reasons why people like and share content are still poorly understood. We investigate how group identity mentions and expressions of ingroup solidarity and outgroup hostility in posts correlate with engagement on Ukrainian social media (i.e., shares, likes, and other reactions) before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We use a dataset of 1.6 million posts from Ukrainian news source pages on Facebook and Twitter (currently X) and a geolocated sample of 149 thousand Ukrainian tweets. Before the 2022 Russian invasion, we observe that outgroup mentions in posts from news source pages are generally more strongly associated with engagement than negative, positive, and moral-emotional language. After the invasion, social identity mentions become less strongly associated with engagement. Moreover, post-invasion ingroup solidarity posts are strongly related to engagement, whereas posts expressing outgroup hostility show smaller associations. This is the case for both news and non-news social media data. Our correlational results suggest that signaling solidarity with one’s ingroup online is associated with more engagement than negativity about outgroups during intense periods of intergroup conflicts, at least in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.
Predicting the first steps of evolution in randomly assembled communities
Authors: McEnany John , Good Benjamin H.
Published: October 2024

Microbial communities can self-assemble into highly diverse states with predictable statistical properties. However, these initial states can be disrupted by rapid evolution of the resident strains. When a new mutation arises, it competes for resources with its parent strain and with the other species in the community. This interplay between ecology and evolution is difficult to capture with existing community assembly theory. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework for predicting the first steps of evolution in large randomly assembled communities that compete for substitutable resources. We show how the fitness effects of new mutations and the probability that they coexist with their parent depends on the size of the community, the saturation of its niches, and the metabolic overlap between its members. We find that successful mutations are often able to coexist with their parent strains, even in saturated communities with low niche availability. At the same time, these invading mutants often cause extinctions of metabolically distant species. Our results suggest that even small amounts of evolution can produce distinct genetic signatures in natural microbial communities.
Molecular architecture and functional dynamics of the pre-incision complex in nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Yu Jina , Yan Chunli , Paul Tanmoy , Brewer Lucas , Tsutakawa Susan E. , Tsai Chi-Lin , Hamdan Samir M. , Tainer John A. , Ivanov Ivaylo
Published: October 2024

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is vital for genome integrity. Yet, our understanding of the complex NER protein machinery remains incomplete. Combining cryo-EM and XL-MS data with AlphaFold2 predictions, we build an integrative model of the NER pre-incision complex(PInC). Here TFIIH serves as a molecular ruler, defining the DNA bubble size and precisely positioning the XPG and XPF nucleases for incision. Using simulations and graph theoretical analyses, we unveil PInC’s assembly, global motions, and partitioning into dynamic communities. Remarkably, XPG caps XPD’s DNA-binding groove and bridges both junctions of the DNA bubble, suggesting a novel coordination mechanism of PInC’s dual incision. XPA rigging interlaces XPF/ERCC1 with RPA, XPD, XPB, and 5′ ssDNA, exposing XPA’s crucial role in licensing the XPF/ERCC1 incision. Mapping disease mutations onto our models reveals clustering into distinct mechanistic classes, elucidating xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne syndrome disease etiology.
Caudate nucleus volume in medicated and unmedicated patients with early- and adult-onset schizophrenia
Authors: Andreou Dimitrios , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Nerland Stener , Calkova Tereza , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn , Smelror Runar Elle , Wortinger Laura A. , Lundberg Mathias , Bohman Hannes , Myhre Anne Margrethe , Jönsson Erik G. , Andreassen Ole A. , Agartz Ingrid
Published: October 2024

The caudate nucleus is a part of the striatum, and striatal hyperdopaminergia is considered central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. How caudate volume is affected in schizophrenia and what role antipsychotics play remains unclear. In early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), where psychosis emerges during a neurodevelopmentally critical phase, the caudate may exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the effects of antipsychotic medications. We hypothesized effects of both antipsychotic medication use and age of onset on caudate in schizophrenia. We included adult patients with EOS (n = 83) and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) (n = 246), adult healthy controls (HC, n = 774), adolescent patients with non-affective psychosis (n = 56) and adolescent HC (n = 97). We obtained T1-weighted MRI scans using a 1.5T Siemens scanner and General Electric 3T scanners. In our main analysis, we tested for main and interaction effects of diagnosis and current antipsychotic medication use on caudate volume. Adult patients with EOS (p < 0.001) and AOS (p = 0.002) had both larger caudate than HC. Age of onset (EOS/AOS) interacted with antipsychotic use (p = 0.004) which was associated with larger caudate in EOS (p < 0.001) but not in AOS (p = 0.654). Conversely, among medicated patients only, EOS had larger caudate than AOS (p < 0.001). No other subcortical structures showed differences between medicated EOS and AOS. Medicated adolescent patients with non-affective psychosis and medicated adult patients with EOS showed similar caudate volumes. The results may indicate a schizophrenia-related and a medication-induced caudate increase, the latter restricted to patients with EOS and possibly occurring already in adolescence shortly after disease onset.
Improved longevity of actomyosin in vitro motility assays for sustainable lab-on-a-chip applications
Authors: Melbacke Andreas , Salhotra Aseem , Ušaj Marko , Månsson Alf
Published: October 2024

In the in vitro motility assay (IVMA), actin filaments are observed while propelled by surface-adsorbed myosin motor fragments such as heavy meromyosin (HMM). In addition to fundamental studies, the IVMA is the basis for a range of lab-on-a-chip applications, e.g. transport of cargoes in nanofabricated channels in nanoseparation/biosensing or the solution of combinatorial mathematical problems in network-based biocomputation. In these applications, prolonged myosin function is critical as is the potential to repeatedly exchange experimental solutions without functional deterioration. We here elucidate key factors of importance in these regards. Our findings support a hypothesis that early deterioration in the IVMA is primarily due to oxygen entrance into in vitro motility assay flow cells. In the presence of a typically used oxygen scavenger mixture (glucose oxidase, glucose, and catalase), this leads to pH reduction by a glucose oxidase-catalyzed reaction between glucose and oxygen but also contributes to functional deterioration by other mechanisms. Our studies further demonstrate challenges associated with evaporation and loss of actin filaments with time. However, over 8 h at 21–26 °C, there is no significant surface desorption or denaturation of HMM if solutions are exchanged manually every 30 min. We arrive at an optimized protocol with repeated exchange of carefully degassed assay solution of 45 mM ionic strength, at 30 min intervals. This is sufficient to maintain the high-quality function in an IVMA over 8 h at 21–26 °C, provided that fresh actin filaments are re-supplied in connection with each assay solution exchange. Finally, we demonstrate adaptation to a microfluidic platform and identify challenges that remain to be solved for real lab-on-a-chip applications.
Assessment of environmental and health risks of potentially toxic elements associated with desert dust particles affected by industrial activities in Isfahan metropolitan
Authors: Yazdani Moslem , Karimzadeh Hamidreza , Azimzadeh Hamidreza , Soleimani Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Dust particles and their associated compounds can adversely affect human health and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration, health, and ecological risks of selected potentially toxic elements (e.g. Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, V, Ni, and As) bound to air particles generated by dust storms in the Sejzi plain desert area within the industrial district of Isfahan metropolitan, Iran. The enrichment factor revealed the highest values for Zn, Pb, and Cd which among them Zn showed the highest value (8.1) with the potential source of industrial activities confirmed by the integrated pollution index, accumulation coefficient, and ecological risk index. Regarding health risk analysis (non-cancer and cancer risks) the elements including Co, As, and Cr showed a significant risk for adults and children across all seasons. It’s concluded that mitigation of air particles originated from both natural and industrial activities is necessary to reduce their relevant risks to human being and ecosystems in the region.
Improving I-ELM structure through optimal addition of hidden nodes: Compact I-ELM
Authors: Seo Sunghyo , Jo Jongkwon , Hamza Muhammad , Kim Youngsoon
Published: October 2024

Incremental extreme learning machines (I-ELMs) can automatically determine the structure of neural networks and achieve high learning speeds. However, during the process of adding hidden nodes, unnecessary hidden nodes that have little relevance to the target may be added. Several studies have proposed methods to overcome this problem by measuring the relevance between hidden nodes and outputs and adding or removing hidden nodes accordingly. Random hidden nodes have the advantage of creating diverse patterns, but they encounter a problem in which hidden nodes that generate patterns with little or no relevance to the target can be added, thereby increasing the number of hidden nodes. Unlike in existing I-ELMs, which use random hidden nodes, we propose a compact I-ELM algorithm that initially adds linear regression nodes and subsequently applies a method to ensure that the hidden nodes have patterns differing from the existing ones. Based on benchmark data, we confirmed that the proposed method constructs a compact neural network structure with fewer hidden nodes compared to the existing I-ELM systems.
EEG-based headset sleep wearable devices
Authors: Markov Karmen , Elgendi Mohamed , Menon Carlo
Published: October 2024

The rise of wearable technology has led to EEG-based sleep monitoring devices that use electrodes placed on the forehead, ear, or neck. These devices offer promising applications in clinical and healthy populations by comparing sleep patterns, monitoring intervention responses, and examining the relationship between sleep and lifestyle factors. Despite their potential, challenges like validation against polysomnography, regulatory hurdles, data privacy, and usability hinder clinical adoption. This review explores these devices, their applications, and integration challenges in clinical practice.
Investigating the interplay between environmental conditioning and nanotopographical cueing on the response of human MG63 osteoblastic cells to titanium nanotubes
Authors: Berthelot Ryan , Variola Fabio
Published: October 2024

A 2-week pretreatment in high glucose conditions cell behaviour without irreversible damage. Combined nanotopography- and glucose-drive cellular responses were analyzed and discussed.
Fluorine-18 incorporation and radiometal coordination in macropa ligands for PET imaging and targeted alpha therapy
Authors: Kanagasundaram Thines , Sun Yang , Lee Kevin K. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Brugarolas Pedro , Wilson Justin J.
Published: October 2024

The development of theranostic agents for radiopharmaceuticals based on therapeutic alpha emitters marks an important clinical need.
Synthesis and aromaticity of metallacyclopropene complexes
Authors: Fu Bingjie , Bai Wei , Li Yang , Jiang Wenfeng
Published: October 2024

This feature article summarizes the syntheses and aromaticity studies of crystallographically characterized monocyclic and fused metallacycloprop-2-enes, and monocyclic, spiro, and fused metallacycloprop-1-enes.
Reactivity of N-(isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane toward group 13 Lewis acids
Authors: Tang Beili , Ju Shaoying , Yan Weili , Chen Ting , Stephan Douglas W. , Wu Yile
Published: October 2024

The reactivity of Ph3PNNC with a series of group 13 Lewis acids have been studied, and the corresponding Lewis acid–base adduct, zwitterionic product, and dimerized products have been isolated.
Phosphination of aryl/alkyl bromides via Mn-mediated reductive C–P coupling
Authors: Dong Likun , Zhong Bing , Zhang Yu-Shan , Yang Jin-Dong , Cheng Jin-Pei
Published: October 2024

Organic bromides were efficiently phosphinated via Mn-mediated reductive cross-couplings.
Unveiling the effect of CaCl2 on amyloid β aggregation via supercritical angle Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
Authors: Münch Nathalia Simea , Das Subir , Seeger Stefan
Published: October 2024

The effect of calcium ions with amyloid beta on a solid supported bilayer is studied by supercritical angle Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The results give insight into understanding protein structure and aggregation behavior.
Supramolecular and molecular capsules, cages and containers
Authors: Cox Cameron J. T. , Hale Jessica , Molinska Paulina , Lewis James E. M.
Published: October 2024

Supramolecular and molecular capsules are a diverse class of host systems exhibiting a range of properties and characteristics with applications in sensing, separations, storage, transport, reactivity modulation and biomedicine.
In situ preparation and performance of iron-based electro-magnetic synergistic electrochemical nitrogen fixation catalysts
Authors: Chen Kaidi , Deng Run , Zhao Chen , Zhang Qikun
Published: October 2024

An iron-based catalyst was prepared in situ in FeSO4 solution by electrochemical technology to catalyze the reduction of N2 to NH3. It was found that the applied magnetic field can significantly increase the current density.
Modulating quantum tunnelling of magnetization in Dy isotopologue dimers
Authors: Ruan Ting-Ting , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Paul Sagar , Schulze Michael , Schlittenhardt Sören , Mizuno Asato , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Ruben Mario
Published: October 2024

Two dysprosium isotopologues show minimal nuclear spin effect above 2 K. At milli-Kelvin temperatures, relaxation increases in the nuclear spin-bearing system due to quantum tunneling of magnetization driven by hyperfine and quadrupole interactions.
A 2-fold interpenetrating 3D pillar-layered MOF for the gas separation and detection of metal ions
Authors: Peng Guoqiang , Su Zhibo , Hu Falu , Ji Zhenyu , Di Zhengyi , Li Guihua , Gao Tingting , Zhou Guowei , Wu Mingyan
Published: October 2024

A 2-fold interpenetrating Zn-MOF constructed from mixed ligands and a paddle-wheel cluster not only exhibits good IAST selective separation of C2H6/CH4 and CO2/N2, but also exhibits good selective detection of Fe3+, [Co(NH3)6]3+ and Cu2+ in water.
Reversible multielectron redox activity of the anti-NASICON-type phosphate LiNbV(PO4)3 towards lithium and sodium intercalation
Authors: Cherkashchenko Ilia R. , Panin Rodion V. , Dembitskiy Artem D. , Novichkov Daniil A. , Aksyonov Dmitry A. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Khasanova Nellie R.
Published: October 2024

Introducing 4d-elements into a transition metal subsystem activates the diffusion of Na+ ions in an anti-NASICON framework.
Revealing the intrinsic nature of Cu- and Ce-doped Mn3O4 catalysts with positive and negative effects on CO oxidation using operando DRIFTS-MS
Authors: Hu Zihao , Zhou Xiaoying , Zhang Tiantian , Wu Zuliang , Li Jing , Wang Wei , Gao Erhao , Zhu Jiali , Yao Shuiliang
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the poor performance of an Mn-MOF-74-derived Mn3O4 catalyst in low-temperature CO oxidation, copper (Cu) and cerium (Ce) elements were used to modify the Mn3O4 catalyst to improve its performance in low-temperature CO oxidation.
PPX/PXP-type ligands (X = O and S) and their transition metal complexes: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Flecken Franziska , Hanf Schirin
Published: October 2024

Short-bite diphosphines of the form R2P–X–PR2 (PXP; X = O, S; R = aryl, alkyl) are widely underexplored, although they undergo an interesting equilibrium with the PPX (R2P(X)–PR2) tautomer. This opens up a very versatile coordination chemistry.
Synthesis of acyclic analogues of adenosine sulfonamides and their activity against RNA cap guanine N7-methyltransferase of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ahmed-Belkacem Rostom , Delpal Adrien , Canard Bruno , Vasseur Jean-Jacques , Decroly Etienne , Debart Françoise
Published: October 2024

Original N-arylsulfonamide acyclic analogues of adenosine as bisubstrates of RNA cap guanine N7-methyltransferase nsp14 of SARS-CoV-2 were prepared and some of them were barely active at 50 μM against this RNA cap methylation enzyme.
A polyazophenylglycine attapulgite electrochemical immunosensor with a high electronegative surface for sensing aflatoxin B1 with high sensitivity and precision
Authors: Xiong Haosen , Yang Renyang , Fu Xiaohong , liao Wensheng , Li Jiagen , Shang Shuyong , Liu Songqing , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2024

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins to human and environmental health.
A family of dioxyarylene linked di-o-quinones. Structural dependence on the topology of the linker: a comparative study
Authors: Cherkasova Anna V. , Martyanov Konstantin A. , Rychagova Elena A. , Kozhanov Konstantin A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Kuropatov Viacheslav A.
Published: October 2024

The intramolecular exchange interaction between paramagnetic centers in the biradical dianion derivatives of di-o-quinones depends on the steric environment of the linker connecting quinone moieties, the topology of the linker plays a secondary role.
Effect of graphene electrode functionalization on machine learning-aided single nucleotide classification
Authors: Rashid Mohd , Jena Milan Kumar , Mittal Sneha , Pathak Biswarup
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explored the role of functionalized entities (C, H, N, and OH) in graphene electrodes using a machine learning (ML) framework integrated with the quantum transport method to achieve precise single DNA nucleotide identification.
BP/GaN and BP/GaP core/shell nanowires: theoretical insights into photovoltaic and gas-sensing abilities
Authors: Shukla Rishit S. , Zala Vidit B. , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Gajjar P. N.
Published: October 2024

BP/GaN and BP/GaP core/shell nanowires (CSNWs) show good sensitivity for some small oxide gases. Also, BP/GaP CSNWs show >33% photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
Gentle tension stabilizes atomically thin metallenes
Authors: Abidi Kameyab Raza , Koskinen Pekka
Published: October 2024

Based on density-functional simulations, we propose a novel paradigm for assessing the stability of 45 two-dimensional metals and rank them accordingly.
Copper(ii) quinoxolinol imidazolium complexes in catalytic oxidation of benzylic and heterocyclic alcohols
Authors: Huo Xiaoyu , Guagliardo Mariano , Gorden Anne E. V.
Published: October 2024

A novel copper(ii) quinoxolinol has been used as catalyst using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant, demonstrating that benzylic and heterocyclic alcohols can be converted efficiently to the corresponding aldehydes with excellent yields.
Functionalized montmorillonite/epoxy resin nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Su Linna , Fang Changfa , Luo Huanzhong
Published: October 2024

The poor interaction between the hydrophilic montmorillonite and hydrophobic epoxy resins leads to agglomeration of montmorillonite within epoxy resins, which finally results in poor macro properties of the epoxy resin nanocomposites.
Green and recyclable catalyst based on chitosan/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite hydrogel for one-step synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Ajormal Fatemeh , Bikas Rahman , Ghasemzadeh Hossein , Noshiranzadeh Nader , Kozakiewicz-Piekarz Anna
Published: October 2024

Synthesis and characterization of a new recyclable CS/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite hydrogel and its catalytic activity in the green synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles have been reported.
Enhanced desalination with polyamide thin-film membranes using ensemble ML chemometric methods and SHAP analysis
Authors: Usman Jamilu , Abba Sani I. , Abdu Fahad Jibrin , Yogarathinam Lukka Thuyavan , Usman Abdullah G. , Lawal Dahiru , Salhi Billel , Aljundi Isam H.
Published: October 2024

Addressing global freshwater scarcity requires innovative technological solutions, among which desalination through thin-film composite polyamide membranes stands out.
Revealing microscale bulk structures in polymer–carbon nanocomposites using spin-echo SANS
Authors: Tiihonen L. V. , Weir M. P. , Parnell A. J. , Boothroyd S. C. , Johnson D. W. , Dalgliesh R. M. , Bleuel M. , Duif C. P. , Bouwman W. G. , Thompson R. L. , Coleman K. S. , Clarke N. , Hamilton W. A. , Washington A. L. , Parnell S. R.
Published: October 2024

Spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) revealed structure in polymer–carbon nanocomposites over multiple length scales with unprecedented range (10 nm–16 μm). Data from two SESANS instruments and other methods were analysed with SasView.
Viologen-based supramolecular crystal gels: gelation kinetics and sensitivity to temperature
Authors: Bauland Julien , Andrieux Vivien , Pignon Frédéric , Frath Denis , Bucher Christophe , Gibaud Thomas
Published: October 2024

Supramolecular crystal gels, a subset of molecular gels, are formed through the self-assembly of low molecular weight gelators into interconnecting crystalline fibers, creating a three-dimensional soft solid network.
Spin-induced electron transfer simultaneously enhances the intrinsic activity and stability of amorphous MoSx-based materials toward efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Rui-Yuan , Guo Yu-Xin , Yang Xiao-Yu , Liu Zhan , Li Xiao-Yun , Li Yu , Huang Yi-Yong , Liu Jin-Ping , Yu Shen , Sun Ming-Hui , Chen Li-Hua , Su Bao-Lian , Wang Yi-Long
Published: October 2024

A novel strategy for spin-state regulation has been proposed to promote charge transfer, strengthen the Mo–S bond and activate S atoms of the MoSx-based materials for simultaneously enhancing the intrinsic activity and stability toward efficient HER.
Constructing a high-performance bifunctional MnO2-based electrocatalyst towards applications in rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Yi Xiufeng , Song Yijian , He Duzheng , Li Weijie , Pan Anqiang , Han Chao
Published: October 2024

MnO2-based materials are excellent electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries due to their various advantages. The review comprehensively discusses four different strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of MnO2.
Advances in osteoimmunomodulation of biomaterials after intrabone implantation: focus on surface hydrophilicity
Authors: Wei Xinpeng , Lei Linshan , Luo Ling , Zhou Ying , Zheng Zheng , Chen Wenchuan
Published: October 2024

Hydrophilicity of implantable biomaterials can facilitate osteoimmunomodulation through influencing proteins adsorption, blood clotting, neutrophils activation, macrophages polarization, angiogenesis and osteogenesis to enhance osseointegration.
Correction: Surface modification of medical grade biomaterials by using a low-temperature-processed dual functional Ag–TiO2 coating for preventing biofilm formation
Authors: Pradhan Lipi , Hazra Sobhan , Singh Satya Veer , Bajrang  , Upadhyay Anjali , Pal Bhola Nath , Mukherjee Sudip
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Surface modification of medical grade biomaterials by using a low-temperature-processed dual functional Ag–TiO2 coating for preventing biofilm formation’ by Lipi Pradhan et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB00701H.
Light-responsive spiropyran derivative with tunable assembly morphology and solid-state photochromism for rewritable optical printing and multi-level anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wu Zhen , Xiao Leping , Liao Kaifeng , Liu Jiani , Zou Qiming , Wang Wenzhao , Gong Min , Wang Guojie
Published: October 2024

Spiropyran derivative SPD can exhibit dramatic assembly morphology transformations in the aggregation state, and significant color/fluorescence changes in the macroscale solid state upon ultraviolet light irradiation.
Green-emitting CsPbI3 nanorods decorated with CsPb2I5 and Cs4PbI6 nanoclusters
Authors: Pratama Paundra Rizky , Pramata Azzah Dyah , Shiga Fuko , Agutaya Jonas Karl Christopher N. , Inomata Yusuke , Manna Biplab , Purniawan Agung , Akaishi Yuji , Kida Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

This work presents green-emitting CsPbI3 nanorods decorated Cs4PbI6 and CsPb2I5 nanoclusters with a color-tuning approach via multiple-phase combinations without changing elements. These materials have stable emission and color purity.
When No Speech Norms Exist: Observations From Sinhala
Authors: Hettiarachchi Shyamani , Ranaweera Mahishi , Saleem Shakeela , Krishnaveni Kanagendran
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

A well-established set of language-specific norms for phonological development is imperative in the assessment of child speech sound difficulties. Currently, English norms are used clinically (in the absence of norms for local languages) to determine if a child displays age-appropriate, delayed or disordered speech patterns in Sinhala. This preliminary exploratory study aimed to document phonological processes observed in typically developing Sinhala-speaking children aged 3;0–6;11 (years;months).

Method:

The Test of Articulation and Phonology–Sinhala, a picture-based assessment, was devised by the researchers and administered to 102 Sinhala-speaking children from three geographical locations (Colombo, Kandy, and Gampaha). The quantitative measures included percent consonants correct, percent vowels correct, and percent phonemes correct, while the qualitative analysis identified phonological processes.

Results:

The quantitative results showed a marked influence of age on phoneme production accuracy with over 75% consonants correct by 3 years 6 months. The qualitative findings demonstrate common typical phonological processes and less common phonological processes in Sinhala compared to the speech pathology and cross-linguistic literature. Common phonological processes included fronting, stopping, and weak syllable deletion widely documented in linguistic and speech-language pathology literature. Many shared phonological processes were observed between Sinhala and Sri Lankan Tamil, the two main local languages, including fronting of retroflex sounds and lateralization. The phonological process of denasalization of prenasalized stops was observed in Sinhala, with no documentation of the phonological process found within the mainstream speech-language pathology literature.

Conclusion and Implications:

These findings reinforce the need to document and use language-specific typical phonological processes in Sinhala given the implications for early and accurate identification of speech difficulties and intervention.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27068173
Measuring Impairment-Specific Gains in Individual Cognitive Rehabilitation Through a Systematic Therapy Protocol
Authors: Saxena Riya , Gilbert Christianna , Kiran Swathi , Cordella Claire
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated treatment-induced performance gains in memory function following therapy through the Intensive Cognitive Communication Rehabilitation (ICCR) program for young adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). We aimed to determine the utility of a novel approach to measuring memory performance improvement across semesters of therapy using (a) systematic treatment tasks called Individualized Quantitative Protocols (IQPs) as compared to (b) standardized measures of memory function.

Method:

Retrospective IQP data spanning five consecutive ICCR semesters were collected from patients (
N
= 13) with ABI. Raw task-accuracy data were scaled to account for task difficulty gradation. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) were used to evaluate the degree of memory improvement—measured by scaled IQP scores—as a function of therapy duration, age, time postinjury, and aphasia; pre- to posttreatment effect sizes were also calculated. For comparison, similar LMMs were run using standardized metrics of memory abilities as the outcome measure.

Results:

Results showed significant treatment-induced improvements, with gains at the session level (β = 2.76;
t
= 2.23;
p
= .047), when improvement was measured using IQP scaled scores. Standardized metrics did not show significant improvement as a function of therapy. Effect size analysis mirrored LMM results, with a large (
d
= 0.92, 95% confidence interval [0.35, 1.49]) pre- to posttreatment effect when change was measured using IQP scaled scores and a small effect for standardized measures.

Conclusions:

This preliminary study demonstrates the utility of a granular, individualized metric to index significant impairment-based performance gains following ICCR treatment. These results introduce promise for future analysis of complex treatment data. Additionally, they provide another lens with which to assess treatment progress and its significance.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27045937
A sub-Earth-mass planet orbiting Barnard’s star
Authors: González Hernández J. I. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Silva A. M. , Stefanov A. K. , Faria J. P. , Tabernero H. M. , Sozzetti A. , Rebolo R. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Cristiani S. , Lovis C. , Dumusque X. , Figueira P. , Lillo-Box J. , Nari N. , Benatti S. , Hobson M. J. , Castro-González A. , Allart R. , Passegger V. M. , Zapatero Osorio M.-R. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Allende Prieto C. , Bouchy F. , Damasso M. , D’Odorico V. , Di Marcantonio P. , Ehrenreich D. , Lo Curto G. , Santos R. Génova , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mehner A. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. , Palle E. , Sousa S. G. , Udry S.
Published: October 2024

Context. ESPRESSO guaranteed time observations (GTOs) at the 8.2m VLT telescope were performed to look for Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of nearby stars. Barnard’s star is a primary target within the ESPRESSO GTO as it is the second closest neighbour to our Sun after the α Centauri stellar system.

Aims. We present here a large set of 156 ESPRESSO observations of Barnard’s star carried out over four years with the goal of exploring periods of shorter than 50 days, thus including the habitable zone (HZ).

Methods. Our analysis of ESPRESSO data using Gaussian process (GP) to model stellar activity suggests a long-term activity cycle at 3200 d and confirms stellar activity due to rotation at 140 d as the dominant source of radial velocity (RV) variations. These results are in agreement with findings based on publicly available HARPS, HARPS-N, and CARMENES data. ESPRESSO RVs do not support the existence of the previously reported candidate planet at 233 d.

Results. After subtracting the GP model, ESPRESSO RVs reveal several short-period candidate planet signals at periods of 3.15 d, 4.12 d, 2.34 d, and 6.74 d. We confirm the 3.15 d signal as a sub-Earth mass planet, with a semi-amplitude of 55 ± 7 cm s−1, leading to a planet minimum mass mp sin i of 0.37 ± 0.05 M⊕, which is about three times the mass of Mars. ESPRESSO RVs suggest the possible existence of a candidate system with four sub-Earth mass planets in circular orbits with semi-amplitudes from 20 to 47 cm s−1, thus corresponding to minimum masses in the range of 0.17–0.32 M⊕.

Conclusions. The sub-Earth mass planet at 3.1533 ± 0.0006 d is in a close-to circular orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.0229 ± 0.0003 AU, thus located inwards from the HZ of Barnard’s star, with an equilibrium temperature of 400 K. Additional ESPRESSO observations would be required to confirm that the other three candidate signals originate from a compact short-period planet system orbiting Barnard’s star inwards from its HZ.
Thermal runaway safety analysis of eVTOL based on evidence theory and interval analysis
Authors: WANG Peng , WANG Xiaocong , XIAO Nü'e , LI Boyang
Published: October 2024

In order to ensure the safety of eVTOL, safety analysis of thermal runaway problem of lithium battery is needed. Due to insufficient failure data, a safety assessment method based on evidence theory and interval analysis is proposed. Firstly, a fault tree model for system is constructed. Secondly, for the imprecise failure rate of bottom events in fault tree analysis, the failure probability interval of bottom event is calculated by using the evidence theory, and combining with the importance analysis to address the problem of inaccurate failure rate of bottom events in fault tree analysis. The evidence theory is used to calculate the probability interval of failure of bottom events and combine it with interval theory to calculate the top events of the fault tree. Finally, the importance analysis is used to find out the basic events that have the greatest impact on the top events. The proposed method is used to analyze the safety of the eVTOL′s battery thermal runaway and calculate the importance of each bottom event, so as to provide a basis for reducing the system failure probability and improving the system safety level.