bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remediation of Historical Photographs in Mobile Augmented Reality
Authors: Bøe Espen Johnsen
Published: May 2021

Being present at a location of historical significance, often demands imagination to understand the full scope of the area. An approach to spark one’s imagination is to present a mediated simulation of a historic location in situ. As an application example, we used the sitsim AR platform to develop a simulation that conveys the history of fishermen in the historic fishing village of Storvågan in Lofoten, Norway. The study presents a rendition of the sitsim AR platform’s functionality for engaging presentations of historical photographs. This functionality is enhanced from solely representing buildings in a historical photograph into also representing animated human characters. In Storvågan, a museum (Lofotmuseet) occupies historically significant buildings amid the historic surroundings. This museum exhibits a historical photograph of fishermen that also shows how the area once looked. This photograph is remediated into a 3D animation, presented as a real-time generated simulation, at the location where the photograph was originally photographed. The study documents a design experiment including the modelling and animation of a 3D representation depicting the photograph. The functionality is evaluated based on user feedback from a case study of a beta version on location in Lofoten. Users reported that the animated fishermen contribute to an engaging experience and a feeling of being “part of the history.” The majority of users perceived the 3D representation as credible. An analysis of the modelled characters concludes that the 3D-models lack perceptual validity; hence, the case study’s positive results were somewhat unexpected. Three theories are presented as conceivable explanations for the unexpected result. Ultimately, the study provides a method for modelling and animation of people from a historical photograph, and showcases how the animation of human characters in a sitsim may be applied to convey cultural heritage in an engaging way.
Clinical Presentations and Usefulness of 99mTechnetium-Ethylene-Dicysteine (99mTc-EC) Renal Scintigraphy in Estimation of Thoracic Kidney Function in Children
Authors: Szymanik-Grzelak Hanna , Toth Krzysztof , Bombiński Przemysław , Turczyn Agnieszka , Pańczyk-Tomaszewska Małgorzata
Published: May 2021

: Thoracic kidney is a rare congenital abnormality with the lowest frequency of all renal ectopias. Most cases are discovered incidentally via routine imaging and have a benign clinical course. Here, we report three pediatric cases of thoracic kidney among 156 children with renal ectopy (1.9%). Thoracic kidney was asymptomatic in two children; in one child, it was associated with a recurrent diaphragmatic hernia. All diagnoses were made by chest ultrasonography (USG) and/or radiography in children and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan. Moreover, 99mtechnetium-ethylene-dicysteine (99mTc-EC) renal scintigraphy was carried out to visualize and assess the function of ectopic kidneys. All thoracic kidneys were left-sided, and their functions were comparable to their normally located counterparts. During an observation period of 5 - 10 years, two children with thoracic kidneys presented with unstable proteinuria/microalbuminuria and hypertension, respectively. The 99mTc-EC renal scintigraphy is an uncomplicated and safe method for imaging the thoracic kidneys and can be used for detecting the thoracic kidney function in children. Thoracic ectopic kidneys are associated with complications, such as hypertension and proteinuria. Children with thoracic kidneys need long-term follow-ups.
Para-clinical and Epidemiological Features of COVID-19 in Deceased Patients: A Comparison with Treated Patients
Authors: Khedri Reza , Delirrooyfard Ali , Bahrami Moghadam Hossein , Amini Payam , Maniati Mahmood , Mozafari Nima , Pouladzadeh Mandana , Forouzan Arash , Varnaseri Mehran
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients with COVID-19 have shown a wide variety of symptoms and mortality rates in different communities. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features of patients with COVID-19 who have overcome the disease with patients who died. Methods: All hospitalized patients admitted to Special Corona Hospital who had a positive real-time PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 from January to March 2020 were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, date of disease onset, hospital admission date, and the severity of COVID-19 were obtained from each patient's medical records. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables between the groups of the discharged and expired patients. The independence between categorical variables and the outcome was assessed by Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Results: The order of essential variables for admission as the starting time are pH, WBC count, loss of consciousness, neutrophil count, base excess (BE), HCO3, age, BUN, O2 saturation, and lymphocyte count. Conclusions: In the current study, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was 30% and was significantly associated with critical disease intensity, fever, chills, loss of consciousness, ischemic heart disease (IHD) history, Parkinson's disease, invasive O2 therapy, and troponin level.
Taxonomic review of the genus Erythrocricus Schubart, 1962 (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Rhinocricidae)
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Elesbão Silva , Rodrigues Everton Nei Lopes
Published: May 2021

We review the genus Erythrocricus Schubart, 1962 based on the type material of the species Erythrocricus sanguineostriatus (Schubart, 1962). We propose a new diagnosis, redescribe the type species, and propose a new synonymy and a new combination. In addition, a male-based key to both species recognized, including Erythrocricus electrofasciatus (Schubart, 1957), comb. nov. ex. Rhinocricus, is given.
On the Handicapping of Distance Racing Yachts - A Proposal for IOR IV
Authors: Fischer Bennett
Published: May 2021

This is a proposal for a complete system for handicapping Distance Racing Yachts using the present NAYRU time allowance tables. It includes measurement, rating and the procedure for correcting ratings before and after races. The objectives and means of judging rating rules are outlined. Faults in the present rule are listed and suggestions for improvements are made. The five major parameters; length, sail area, displacement underbody configuration and weight distribution are explained. The present and proposed rules are compared and the probably effect on existing yachts is discussed.
Scale Experiments with the 5.5 Metre Yacht ANTIOPE
Authors: Kirkman Karl L.
Published: May 2021

A program of Experiments with a series of four geometrically similar yacht hull models was conducted in the HYDRONAUTICS’ Ship Model Basin with the aim of improving engineering methods for model/full-scale correlation.

The paper presents a brief review of the background of existing hydrodynamic performance prediction methods, outlines a number of scaling problems, and presents results from the family of models tested.
Aerodynamics of High Performance Wing Sails
Authors: Scherer Otto
Published: May 2021

Some of the primary requirements for the design of wing sails are discussed. In particular, the requirements for maximizing thrust when sailing to windward and tacking down wind are presented. The results of water channel tests on six sail section shapes are also presented. These test results include the data for the double slotted flapped wing sail designed by Mr. David Hubbard for Mr. A. F. Di Mauro's IYRU "c" class catamaran PATIENT LADY II.
The Dissension over the Logic of European Cohesion Policy. The Core-Periphery Divide and the Impact on European Integration
Authors: Magone José M.
Published: May 2021

This article seeks to trace the growing dissension over the logic of European cohesion policy. Two perspectives are fighting for dominance, the European and the national. Only the European Commission and the European Parliament are actively promoting the European logic, which has gained ground over time through the overarching strategization (or Lisbonization) of European policies. In contrast, the memberstates subscribe to a national logic concerning European cohesion policy. This outlook is particularly notable among the ‘friends of cohesion policy’, a group that includes the southern, central, and eastern European countries. The funding allocated through the EU is applied in individual national markets, not in the single European market. In this regard, the concept of European cohesion policy to adjust national markets towards the European level has been sidelined by the national logic. This contribution attempts to reconstruct the dispute over the purpose of European cohesion policy since the reform of structural funds in 1988, focusing primarily on the latest rounds of negotiations over the multiannual financial framework (in which cohesion policy funds are a central issue) and the emerging conflict between the core and the periphery in the political economy of the European Union. If the European logic regarding the single European market’s construction does not prevail, European integration will stagnate or even reverse, and national compartmentalization of cohesion policy may become the dominant spatial model in Europe.
Rice c Cayetano : la Cour suprême des États-Unis et la négation du droit à l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones du Pacifique
Authors: MacKenzie Melody Kapilialoha , Motard Geneviève
Published: May 2021

Dans l’arrêtRice c Cayetano, rendu en février 2000, la Cour suprême des États-Unis a déclaré inconstitutionnelle la mesure réservant le droit de voter aux élections des administrateurs du Bureau des affaires hawaiiennes seulement auxHawaiians (c.-à-d. les descendants des personnes qui habitaient les îles hawaiiennes en 1778) et auxNative Hawaiians(c.-à-d. ceux d’entre eux qui ont cinquante pour cent de sang hawaiien). Selon la Cour suprême, cette mesure contrevient au Quinzième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis d’Amérique, lequel prévoit que le droit des citoyens de voter ne doit pas être nié ou limité par les États-Unis d’Amérique ou l’un de ses États sur la base de la « race, de la couleur ou de toute autre caractéristique liée à la servitude ». Dans ce texte, les autrices se proposent d’examiner l’affaireRice c Cayetanoet ses effets sur le droit des peuples autochtones de s’autodéterminer à Hawaiʻi, ainsi que dans d’autres territoires du Pacifique sous contrôle états-unien, plus particulièrement à Guam et au Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord. Rappelons qu’en 2016 et en 2017, en se fondant sur l’arrêtRice, la United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit et la District Court of Guam – dont la décision a été confirmée par la Cour suprême des États-Unis – ont déclaré inconstitutionnelles des mesures adoptées par le Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord et par Guam, lesquelles réservaient, dans certaines circonstances, le droit de voter aux descendants des premiers habitants de ces deux territoires. Or, tant à Hawaiʻi qu’au Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord et à Guam, la capacité des peuples autochtones de s’autodéterminer est intimement liée à celle de s’auto-identifier.
D’un espace territorial à un espace économique et politique
Authors: Bernard Virginie
Published: May 2021

Les Aborigènes Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien ont entrepris de faire valoir leurs droits fonciers coutumiers et d’améliorer leur situation sociale, économique et politique. Dans un contexte marqué par la méfiance de l’État australien vis-à-vis de la catégorie universelle de « peuples autochtones », une majorité de Noongars se tiennent à l’écart, du moins en apparence, des discours internationaux sur l’autochtonie. Ils défendent leur droit à l’autodétermination et l’idée d’une nation noongar intégrée à la nation australienne, énonçant ainsi le principe d’une souveraineté interne, concrétisant leur agencéité dans l’État australien. À l’inverse, certains Noongars se rattachent clairement aux discours internationaux et réclament la reconnaissance de leur souveraineté sur leurs terres ancestrales, sans jamais vraiment définir ce que cela signifie pour eux. L’analyse des divers processus de revendication des Noongars contribue à enrichir les réflexions sur l’autochtonie en tant que catégorie politique et contingente conduisant à des interprétations divergentes, voire contradictoires. Elle permet de réfuter l’idée d’une autochtonie ancrée dans le passé en montrant que les identités autochtones sont résolument contemporaines, constamment négociées à l’aune du contexte néolibéral dans laquelle elles sont immergées.
Oeuvrer à la reconnaissance du statut de tangata whenua grâce à l’art contemporain
Authors: Pellini Catherine
Published: May 2021

L’expression « tangata whenua », par laquelle les Māori se désignent en tant que peuple autochtone d’Aotearoa (Nouvelle-Zélande) et groupes liés à des marae érigés sur leurs terres ancestrales, témoigne de la relation particulière qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs territoires. Si de nombreux Māori résident désormais dans des centres urbains ayant vu le jour à la suite de la colonisation britannique, la volonté de faire respecter cette relation ainsi que la revendication du statut de tangata whenua occupent toujours une place importante au sein des mouvements d’affirmation māori. Ces questions sont souvent évoquées par les artistes contemporains māori. Cet article se propose d’examiner comment l’adoption de certaines pratiques artistiques leur permet d’affirmer la pertinence toujours actuelle de concepts māori définissant les relations à la terre.
L’éthique enseignante : ce qu’elle est, ce qu’elle n’est pas
Authors: Prairat Eirick
Published: May 2021

Penser l’éthique enseignante, c’est présenter les principes moraux ou les vertus éthiques qui organisent et gouvernent cette activité professionnelle. L’éthique enseignante noue trois vertus : la justice, la bienveillance et le tact. C’est ce qui est présenté dans la première section de cet article. Dans les trois sections suivantes, la question éthique est examinée d’un tout autre point de vue. Il s’agit de présenter les écueils qui la menacent. Nous en mentionnons trois : le minimalisme, le paternalisme et le moralisme. Cet examen minutieux nous invite alors à dire que l’éthique enseignante ne doit être ni minimaliste (sans pour autant être une morale épaisse), ni paternaliste (sans pour autant minorer la dimension du soin et de l’attention), ni moraliste (sans pour autant oublier l’exigence d’exemplarité).
Ruwen Ogien et John Dewey : dialogue pour une éthique éducative de l’hospitalité
Authors: Point Christophe
Published: May 2021

Notre travail cherche à faire dialoguer Ruwen Ogien et John Dewey sur le terrain de la philosophie de l’éducation, dans le but de construire avec eux une éthique éducative valable pour nos régimes démocratiques. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons au déploiement de l’éthique au sein des processus éducatifs que les points de convergences entre ces deux auteurs autorisent. Notre hypothèse de travail cherche à trouver, au-delà des différences de positions éthiques de ces deux auteurs, ce qui les rapproche et permettrait de tisser une éthique éducative commune. Cette dernière prend les traits d’une éthique de l’hospitalité, éthique où l’hospitalité sera envisagée dans un cadre démocratique, à la fois comme un mouvement envers les autres, mais également en direction de soi et du savoir. Ainsi, en distinguant l’hospitalité de l’appartenance, de la tolérance et de la bienveillance, nous faisons le pari qu’ensemble, Ogien et Dewey peuvent nous aider à construire cette éthique éducative de l’hospitalité dont nos démocraties actuelles ont tant besoin.
De l’éthique de l’éducation en Afrique : sur les traces de Joseph Ki‑Zerbo
Authors: Yameogo Issaka
Published: May 2021

Peut-on former des individus et des sociétés autonomes, responsables et utiles pour le développement de leurs communautés par une école exogène? L’oeuvre éducative de l’intellectuel africain Joseph Ki‑Zerbo aborde cette problématique majeure de l’éthique en éducation. À travers la question du sens de l’école coloniale à l’aune du paradigme du développement de l’Afrique, Joseph Ki‑Zerbo s’inscrit dans la perspective d’une éthique des systèmes éducatifs par-delà la question des moyens pédagogiques et le rôle des acteurs en faveur d’une école juste et équitable pour tous. Après une exégèse de l’éducation originelle africaine dont le mérite consistait à former l’homme social en phase avec les besoins de sa société, il présente l’école héritée de la colonisation comme un fléau culturel et socioéconomique pour l’Afrique. Pour se développer et édifier une école endogène, les pays africains doivent s’inspirer des valeurs de leur passé éducatif.
La « poésie des réserves » et les « tabarnaques » : Jean-Guy Pilon et l’affirmation de la poésie du Québec dans les échanges internationaux
Authors: Lacroix Michel
Published: May 2021

L’année de l’Expo 67 fut exceptionnelle en ce qui a trait à la diffusion de la poésie québécoise à l’échelle internationale et à la diffusion de la poésie étrangère au Québec. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, la revue Liberté et son directeur, Jean-Guy Pilon, eurent un rôle de premier plan, inscrit dans une démarche de longue haleine, antérieure à la fondation de la revue, afin de multiplier les contacts entre les acteurs de la scène littéraire québécoise (écrivains, éditeurs et revues) et la République mondiale des lettres. Ces échanges, loin d’être neutres, sont aussi révélateurs des conceptions de la littérature du Québec, ainsi que de la littérature en général, en même temps que catalyseurs des transformations en ce domaine. En nous penchant sur le numéro de Liberté consacré à la « jeune poésie » étrangère, sur le réseau d’échanges à l’origine de ce numéro, nous mettons en évidence les tensions et les imbrications entre des conceptions « politiques » et « esthétiques » de la littérature, ainsi que l’hésitation ou la confusion, à l’étranger, entre les désignations de poésie « canadienne », « canadienne-française » et « québécoise ». En conclusion, on découvre que Pilon et Liberté travaillèrent activement à exporter à la fois les textes d’écrivains d’ici et leur désignation comme « littérature québécoise ».
Progressive income tax and calculation of the scale of progression based on the software product
Authors: Ishchuk Tatyana Leonidovna , Baimukhametova Ayagyul Serikovna
Published: May 2021

In view of the low income level of a substantial part of the population in Russia and Kazakhstan, pronounced differentiation by income and social stratification, it is appropriate to introduce progressive taxation for individuals as required by the laws of economic development, despite the existing political imperative that determines the economic course. The article provides mathematical justification of the quantitative values of progressive scale based on the authorial software product of the model of optimal income tax for individuals that allows to accurately calculate the progressive rates considering various factors. The object of this research is the system of taxation of individuals; while the subject is the methods of quantitative determination of the boundaries of taxation of individuals with different income, consequences for the budget and population. The research employs the methods of comparison, generalization, statistical and economic-mathematical methods were used. The development of software product of the model of progressive income tax requires a particular method of mathematical substantiation of quantitative values, precision and convenience of economic-mathematical calculations. The authors developed the software product for personal income taxation based on the methodological provisions proposed by O. V. Kalinina. Such product allows calculating progressive rates of personal income tax, taking into consideration various factors. The conclusion is made that the transition from a flat to a progressive scale characterizes the social nature of redistribution of tax burden among population. Moreover, it would increase revenues into the state budget.
Variation in the sacroiliac joint in Felidae
Authors: Pallandre Jean-Pierre , Lavenne Franck , Pellé Eric , Breton Grégory , Ribaud Mélina , Bels Vincent
Published: May 2021

Felidae species show a great diversity in their diet, foraging and hunting strategies, from small to large prey. Whether they belong to solitary or group hunters, the behavior of cats to subdue resisting small or large prey presents crucial differences. It is assumed that pack hunting reduces the per capita risk of each individual. We hypothesize that the sacroiliac articulation plays a key role in stabilizing the predator while subduing and killing prey. Using CT-scan from 59 felid coxal bones, we calculated the angle between both iliac articular surfaces. Correlation of this inter-iliac angle with body size was calculated and ecological stressors were evaluated on inter-iliac angle. Body size significantly influences inter-iliac angle with small cats having a wider angle than big cats. Arboreal species have a significantly larger angle compared to cursorial felids with the smallest value, and to scansorial and terrestrial species with intermediate angles. Felids hunting large prey have a smaller angle than felids hunting small and mixed prey. Within the Panthera lineage, pack hunters (lions) have a larger angle than all other species using solitary hunting strategy. According to the inter-iliac angle, two main groups of felids are determined: (i) predators with an angle of around 40° include small cats (i.e., Felis silvestris, Leopardus wiedii, Leptailurus serval, Lynx Canadensis, L. rufus; median = 43.45°), the only pack-hunting species (i.e., Panthera leo; median = 37.90°), and arboreal cats (i.e., L. wiedii, Neofelis nebulosa; median = 49.05°), (ii) predators with an angle of around 30° include solitary-hunting big cats (i.e., Acinonyx jubatus, P. onca, P. pardus, P. tigris, P. uncia; median = 31.80°). We suggest different pressures of selection to interpret these results. The tightening of the iliac wings around the sacrum probably enhances big cats’ ability for high speed and large prey control. In contrast, pack hunting in lions reduced the selective pressure for large prey.
Study on Synergistic Effect of Bromocriptine and Sitagliptin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Nileshraj Govindaraj , Swithraa Chandrasekaran , Sakthibalan Murugesan , Sawadkar Maruti Shripati
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide. Restoration of euglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult to achieve due to its multifactorial pathogenesis and frequently requires multiple anti-diabetic medications with different mechanism of action. This study is based on the possible synergistic effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine in reducing blood sugar in diabetic animal models. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptinemonotherapy and their combination in three different doses on blood sugar, Lipid profile, Liver and renal parameters in diabetic albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental animal study was conducted on 48 adult male albino wistar rats for a period of one month (August 2014). Streptozotocin induced (40 mg/kg IP) diabetic rats were divided into six groups of eight animals each weighing 150-200 gms. Group I- Vehicle (distilled water), Group II- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg), Group III- Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group IV- Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg), Group V- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group VI- Sitagliptin (125 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (12.5 mg/kg). All drugs were given once daily (p.o) for four weeks. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters were estimated before and after administration of the drugs. Results were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The low dose combination therapy [Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg)] showed a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.05), fasting blood sugar (p<0.001) compared with the vehicle group. It also showed a favorable lipid profile, renal and liver parameters compared with the vehicle, monotherapy and other combination regimens. Conclusion: The low dose combination therapy of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine showed a better control over fasting blood sugar along with a beneficial effect on lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters than compared to other groups.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Kavita . , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Dhone Pravin Gunderao , Tiwari Ravi Kant , Hishikar Rajesh
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Dysregulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis can reduce the effects of antidepressants. Salivary cortisol level and Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) score can be used to assess the level of improvement in the HPA axis and depressive disorders. Aim: To evaluate the changes in salivary cortisol level and HAM-D score in patients of Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) and to investigate the association between them. Materials and Methods: The present prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry at Pt. JNM Medical College and Dr. BRAM Hospital Raipur (CG) over a period of one year, from June 2014 to June 2015. The participants were 52 diagnosed cases of TRD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) criteria, who were taking antidepressant medications for at least four weeks. The salivary cortisol values and HAM-D scoring were done at baseline and follow-up at 8 weeks and 16 weeks and compared by student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: A significant difference (p<0.001) was noted in the mean salivary cortisol levels (1.15±0.31 and 0.72±0.24) mean HAM-D (29.67±1.43 and 16.26±7.08) scores at baseline and subsequent follow-up respectively. Conclusion: The therapeutic benefit of antidepressants could be due to alteration of HPA axis functioning.
Augmented Sidewall Topology Simulation of Semiconductor Die
Authors: Rodriguez Rennier , Gomez Frederick Ray , Jr. Edwin Graycochea
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a modified design for wafer level semiconductor devices, using a CAD (computer-aided design) tool for visualization. The discussion provides a specialized manufacturing flow for the augmented die design through advanced wafer fabrication method and wafer cutting technique. Ultimately, the new package design would result for better visual inspection and interface anchoring between the device and the external board.
Properties of Sustainable Concrete Containing Red Mud: A Review
Authors: Kanyal Krishna Singh , Agrawal Yash , Gupta Trilok
Published: May 2021

Concrete is an essential construction material and major component of concrete is cement. There is a huge amount of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere during manufacturing process of cement which has negative impact on the environment. Thus it become necessary to discover a substitute material for cement in concrete. Rapid industrialization generates a significant quantity of waste material which are causing negative effect on environment. These wastes can be a replacement for traditional material which are used in concrete like cement or fine aggregate. Red mud is waste material which generated from bauxite ore at the time of production of aluminium by the Bayer process. In this review paper, the effort is made to present the properties of concrete with red mud after studying several research papers. This paper discusses the properties of red mud concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption and modulus of elasticity. This paper shows the feasibility of partial substitution of cement in concrete by red mud. The study shows that incorporating red mud resulted increase in strengths of concrete such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strength. The water absorption of concrete decrease as increase in red mud content, it can be established that there is a possibility for using red mud in concrete as a binder ingredient for sustainable construction.
Intermetatarsal Bursitis, a Novel Feature of Juxtaarticular Inflammation in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Related to Clinical Signs: Results of a Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: van Dijk Bastiaan T. , Dakkak Yousra J. , Matthijssen Xanthe M. E. , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M.
Published: May 2021

Objective

Intermetatarsal bursae in the forefeet possess a synovial lining similar to joints and tendon sheaths. Inflammation of these bursae (intermetatarsal bursitis [IMB]) was recently identified as specific for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was undertaken to determine if IMB is indeed an RA feature by assessing the following: 1) the association with other local inflammatory measures (synovitis, tenosynovitis, and osteitis), 2) the association with clinical signs, and 3) whether it responds to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy similarly to other local inflammatory measures.

Methods

One hundred fifty‐seven consecutive early RA patients underwent unilateral contrast‐enhanced 1.5T forefoot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at diagnosis. MRIs were evaluated for IMB presence and for synovitis, tenosynovitis, and osteitis in line with the RA MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) system (summed as RAMRIS inflammation). MRIs at 4, 12, and 24 months were evaluated for IMB presence and size in patients who had IMB at baseline and received early DMARD therapy. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used. Anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) stratification was performed.

Results

Sixty‐nine percent of RA patients had ≥1 IMB. In multivariable analysis on bursa level, presence of IMB was independently associated with local presence of synovitis and tenosynovitis, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.69 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12, 2.57) and 2.83 (95% CI 1.80, 4.44), respectively, but not osteitis. On the patient level, IMB presence was most strongly associated with tenosynovitis (OR 2.92 [95% CI 1.62, 5.24]). IMB presence was associated with local joint swelling (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3, 5.3]) and tenderness (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.04, 2.9]) independent of RAMRIS inflammation. During treatment, IMB size decreased between 0 and 12 months. This decrease associated with decrease in RAMRIS inflammation, which was driven by synovitis decrease. Within ACPA‐positive and ACPA‐negative RA, similar results were obtained.

Conclusion

IMB particularly accompanies inflammation of the synovial lining of joints and tendon sheaths, showed a similar treatment response after DMARD initiation, and associates with typical clinical signs. These findings suggest that IMB represents a frequently present novel RA feature of juxtaarticular synovial inflammation.
PAs and buprenorphine prescribing: Increasing access and patient care
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2021

When the federal government announced new practice guidelines exempting midlevel prescribers such as physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) from training requirements if they have fewer than 31 patients, as well as physicians (see “HHS exempts bupe prescribers with 30 patients from training,” ADAW, May 3; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adaw.33051), it was something of a surprise. It was expected that the x‐waiver rules would be relaxed, but placing midlevels in the same category as physicians, when previously midlevels had three times the required training hours as M.D.s and D.O.s, who by definition have more medical training, was seen as a sign of opening up access to buprenorphine treatment by many.
An improved funding picture spells hope for harm‐reduction workforce
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2021

Compassion, not cash, still likely serves as the primary motivator for individuals who pursue work in harm‐reduction organizations. But numerous signals in recent months around increasing opportunities for funding suggest that more people should begin to see working in facilities such as syringe services programs (SSPs) as a viable path.
Investigation of the Effects of Low‐Pressure Carburizing Process Parameters on Microstructural Evolution by Means of In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Tapar Ogün Baris , Steinbacher Matthias , Gibmeier Jens , Epp Jérémy
Published: May 2021

In situ X‐ray diffraction experiments during low‐pressure carburizing processes are performed at the German Electron Synchrotron Facility, Beamline P07, in Hamburg, Germany, with a specially developed process chamber. Microstructural evolution is precisely analyzed based on diffraction data, and several process parameters are varied. The investigations focus on boost and diffusion steps in which carbon donor gas interacts with the hot steel surface and carbon atoms diffuse through the sample. An increased process temperature leads to higher carbon absorption during the boost step, especially at the early stages of the process. Regardless of process parameters, austenite saturation is reached in a few seconds. Therefore, longer boost step duration and/or a higher acetylene amount does not directly increase the carbon profile; instead, this would only increase the amount of carbides formed on the surface, which would contribute to the carbon profile by dissolution in the following steps. Therefore, shorter and a high number of boost steps are recommended for high efficiency. The cementite formation rate shows a similar trend with austenite saturation. It is very fast at the beginning and then stays almost constant. Therefore, introducing acetylene to the furnace after that point has no positive effect on the carburization.
Charge Transportation and Chirality in Liquid Crystalline Helical Network Phases of Achiral BTBT‐Derived Polycatenar Molecules
Authors: Kwon Ohjin , Cai Xiaoqian , Qu Wentao , Liu Feng , Szydłowska Jadwiga , Gorecka Ewa , Han Moon Jong , Yoon Dong Ki , Poppe Silvio , Tschierske Carsten
Published: May 2021

First examples of multichain (polycatenar) compounds, based on the π‐conjugated [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene unit are designed, synthesized, and their soft self‐assembly and charge carrier mobility are investigated. These compounds, terminated by the new fan‐shaped 2‐brominated 3,4,5‐trialkoxybenzoate moiety, form bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline (LC) phases with helical network structure over extremely wide temperature ranges (>200 K), including ambient temperature. Compounds with short chains show an achiral cubic phase with the double network, which upon increasing the chain length, is at first replaced by a tetragonal 3D phase and then by a mirror symmetry is broken triple network cubic phase. In the networks, the capability of bypassing defects provides enhanced charge carrier mobility compared to imperfectly aligned columnar phases, and the charge transportation is non‐dispersive, as only rarely observed for LC materials. At the transition to a semicrystalline helical network phase, the conductivity is further enhanced by almost one order of magnitude. In addition, a mirror symmetry broken isotropic liquid phase is formed beside the 3D phases, which upon chain elongation is removed and replaced by a hexagonal columnar LC phase.
Morphology Control in 2D Carbon Nitrides: Impact of Particle Size on Optoelectronic Properties and Photocatalysis
Authors: Kröger Julia , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Savasci Gökcen , Lau Vincent W. h. , Duppel Viola , Moudrakovski Igor , Küster Kathrin , Scholz Tanja , Gouder Andreas , Schreiber Marie‐Luise , Podjaski Filip , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: May 2021

The carbon nitride poly(heptazine imide), PHI, has recently emerged as a powerful 2D carbon nitride photocatalyst with intriguing charge storing ability. Yet, insights into how morphology, particle size, and defects influence its photophysical properties are virtually absent. Here, ultrasonication is used to systematically tune the particle size as well as concentration of surface functional groups and study their impact. Enhanced photocatalytic activity correlates with an optimal amount of those defects that create shallow trap states in the optical band gap, promoting charge percolation, as evidenced by time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, charge transport studies, and quantum‐chemical calculations. Excessive amounts of terminal defects can act as recombination centers and hence, decrease the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Re‐agglomeration of small particles can, however, partially restore the photocatalytic activity. The type and amount of trap states at the surface can also influence the deposition of the co‐catalyst Pt, which is used in hydrogen evolution experiments. Optimized conditions entail improved Pt distribution, as well as enhanced wettability and colloidal stability. A description of the interplay between these effects is provided to obtain a holistic picture of the size–property–activity relationship in nanoparticulate PHI‐type carbon nitrides that can likely be generalized to related photocatalytic systems.
3D Interrelationship between Osteocyte Network and Forming Mineral during Human Bone Remodeling
Authors: Ayoubi Mahdi , van Tol Alexander F. , Weinkamer Richard , Roschger Paul , Brugger Peter C. , Berzlanovich Andrea , Bertinetti Luca , Roschger Andreas , Fratzl Peter
Published: May 2021

During bone remodeling, osteoblasts are known to deposit unmineralized collagenous tissue (osteoid), which mineralizes after some time lag. Some of the osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes, forming a cell network within the lacunocanalicular network (LCN) of bone. To get more insight into the potential role of osteocytes in the mineralization process of osteoid, sites of bone formation are three‐dimensionally imaged in nine forming human osteons using focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM). In agreement with previous observations, the mineral concentration is found to gradually increase from the central Haversian canal toward pre‐existing mineralized bone. Most interestingly, a similar feature is discovered on a length scale more than 100‐times smaller, whereby mineral concentration increases from the LCN, leaving around the canaliculi a zone virtually free of mineral, the size of which decreases with progressing mineralization. This suggests that the LCN controls mineral formation but not just by diffusion of mineralization precursors, which would lead to a continuous decrease of mineral concentration from the LCN. The observation is, however, compatible with the codiffusion and reaction of precursors and inhibitors from the LCN into the bone matrix.
A Programmed Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticle Driven by Potato Alkaloid for Targeted Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Li Jie , Tang Wei , Yang Yi , Shen Qing , Yu Yang , Wang Xiaoyou , Fu Yu , Li Chong
Published: May 2021

Membrane camouflaged‐nanoparticles (CM‐NPs) have been exploited to inherit desired functionalities from source cells. Despite those advantages, membrane cloak may play a “double‐edged sword” role in tumor‐targeting therapy, as the intact membrane coating may hinder function‐exertion of loaded drugs after reaching predetermined site. Therefore, further optimization of CM‐NPs is still needed to enhance their delivery efficiency. Herein, natural product, Solamargine (SM), a cholesterol‐affiliative amphiphilic potato alkaloid is first applied as core component of “inner core,” to design a cell‐mimicking “core–shell” nanoparticle (RBC‐SLip) with acid‐responsive off‐coating properties for tumor‐targeted therapy. Owing to red blood cell membrane (RBCm)‐derived outer coating, it circulates stably in physiological conditions. While it would undergo an off‐coating morphological change in response to acid stimuli in tumor microenvironment (TME), afterwards, the resulting off‐coating liposome (SLip) shows active tumor‐targeting and endosomal escape abilities, thus contributing to superior antitumor efficacy. In addition, SM also possesses natural TME‐modulating ability; therefore, RBC‐SLip can synergize with the PD1/PD‐L1 blockade immunotherapy when encapsulated with PTX to achieve enhanced chemoimmunotherapy. The off‐coating strategy developed by natural products SM, provide a brand‐new perspective to optimize CM‐NPs, and it also embodies application value of “unification of medicines and excipients” of natural products.
Spin‐Crossover Molecules on Surfaces: From Isolated Molecules to Ultrathin Films
Authors: Kipgen Lalminthang , Bernien Matthias , Tuczek Felix , Kuch Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Molecular spintronics seeks to use single or few molecules as functional building blocks for spintronic applications, directly relying on molecular properties or properties of interfaces between molecules and inorganic electrodes. Spin‐crossover molecules (SCMs) are one of the most promising classes of candidates for molecular spintronics due to their bistability deriving from the existence of two spin states that can be reversibly switched by temperature, light, electric fields, etc. Building devices based on single or few molecules would entail connecting the molecule(s) with solid surfaces and understanding the fundamental behavior of the resulting assemblies. Herein, the investigations of SCMs on solid surfaces, ranging from isolated single molecules (submonolayers) to ultrathin films (mainly in the sub‐10 nm range) are summarized. The achievements, challenges and prospects in this field are highlighted.
Immune Checkpoint‐Bioengineered Beta Cell Vaccine Reverses Early‐Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Au Kin Man , Medik Yusra , Ke Qi , Tisch Roland , Wang Andrew Z.
Published: May 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from autoreactive T cells destroying insulin‐producing pancreatic beta (β) cells. The development of T1DM is associated with the deficiency of co‐inhibitory immune checkpoint ligands (e.g., PD‐L1, CD86, and Gal‐9) in β cells. Here, a new translational approach based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry, which bioengineers β cells with co‐inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules that induce antigen‐specific immunotolerance and reverse early‐onset hyperglycemia is reported. To achieve this goal, a subcutaneous injectable acellular pancreatic extracellular matrix platform for localizing the bioengineered β cells while creating a pancreas‐like immunogenic microenvironment, in which the autoreactive T cells can interface with the β cells, is devised.
Biomimetic Hairy Whiskers for Robotic Skin Tactility
Authors: An Jie , Chen Pengfei , Wang Ziming , Berbille Andy , Pang Hao , Jiang Yang , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2021

Touch sensing is among the most important sensing capabilities of a human, and the same is true for smart robotics. Current research on tactile sensors is mainly concentrated on electronic skin (e‐skin), but e‐skin is prone to be easily dirtied, damaged, and disturbed after repeated usage, which greatly limits its practical applications in robotics. Here, by mimicking the way that animals explore the environment using hair‐based sensors, a bendable biomimetic whisker mechanoreceptor (BWMR) is designed for robotic tactile sensing. Owing to the advantages of triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the BWMR can convert external mechanical stimuli into electrical signals without a power supply, which is conducive to its widespread applications in robots. Because of the leverage effect of the whisker, the BWMR can distinguish an exciting force of 1.129 μN by amplifying external weak signals, which can be further improved by increasing the whisker length. Real‐time sensing is demonstrated using a BWMR, exhibiting its potential for robotic tactile systems.
Perovskites: Multiphoton Absorption and Applications
Authors: Zhou Feng , Ran Xing , Fan Dianyuan , Lu Shunbin , Ji Wei
Published: May 2021

Recently, there have been intensive and extensive research works on perovskites because of their excellent electrical and optical properties. This review is focused on their multiphoton absorption (MPA) and applications. All the MPA coefficients or cross‐sections reported in the literature are summarized. Many experimental data show that the MPA strengths of nanoscale perovskites are several orders of magnitude greater than their bulk counterparts. The second‐ and third‐order quantum perturbation theories predict that, while the two‐band transitions play a significant role in 3D crystals of perovskites, the exciton‐light interactions dominate in the case of 2D perovskites. Other influencing factors on the MPA magnitudes are also discussed. Their potential applications are also highlighted in laser‐frequency upconversion and sub‐bandgap photodetection.
Electromagnetic Architectures: Structures, Properties, Functions and Their Intrinsic Relationships in Subwavelength Optics and Electromagnetics
Authors: Luo Xiangang , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang
Published: May 2021

In recent years, with the development of photonic crystals, metamaterials, metasurfaces, and other related disciplines, the relationship between the structures and functionalities of artificial optical/electromagnetic materials and devices has become a research hotspot. This article reviews the optical/electromagnetic properties and performance of typical artificial micro/nanostructures. Based on the analogy of mechanics and optics/electromagnetism, the concept of “Electromagnetic Architectures” is proposed. In particular, we reviewed several typical methods for the study of optical/electromagnetic structural‐functional relationships, including semi‐classical analytical models, heuristic optimization methods, deep neural networks, topological optimization methods, etc. The viewpoint of this paper may push further researches on the structural‐functional relationship of artificially structured materials and devices, and find broad application prospects in imaging, communication, photonic chips, among many others.
A Fully Biodegradable Ferroelectric Skin Sensor from Edible Porcine Skin Gelatine
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Park Jonghwa , Na Sangyun , Kim Minsoo P. , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: May 2021

High‐performance biodegradable electronic devices are being investigated to address the global electronic waste problem. In this work, a fully biodegradable ferroelectric nanogenerator‐driven skin sensor with ultrasensitive bimodal sensing capability based on edible porcine skin gelatine is demonstrated. The microstructure and molecular engineering of gelatine induces polarization confinement that gives rise the ferroelectric properties, resulting in a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ≈24 pC N−1 and pyroelectric coefficient of ≈13 µC m−2K−1, which are 6 and 11.8 times higher, respectively, than those of the conventional planar gelatine. The ferroelectric gelatine skin sensor has exceptionally high pressure sensitivity (≈41 mV Pa−1) and the lowest detection limit of pressure (≈0.005 Pa) and temperature (≈0.04 K) ever reported for ferroelectric sensors. In proof‐of‐concept tests, this device is able to sense the spatially resolved pressure, temperature, and surface texture of an unknown object, demonstrating potential for robotic skins and wearable electronics with zero waste footprint.