bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocyclics
Authors: Rajendran Arsha , Anand Samika , Sunajadevi Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai , Pinheiro Dephan , Chundattu Sony J.
Published: October 2024

The synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds using heterogeneous catalysis is a topic of significant interest in organic synthesis and chemical research. Heterogeneous catalysis offers several advantages over homogeneous catalysis, including easier separation and recovery of the catalyst, reduced waste generation, and potentially higher stability and reusability. In this review, the pivotal role of heterogeneous catalysis in synthesizing nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds is explored. Various types of heterocycles and the specific applications of these compounds in drug discovery and material development are discussed in detail. This review discusses various examples of heterogeneous catalysts employed in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, including metal oxides, supported metals, metal nanoparticles, zeolites, and other porous materials. Emphasis is placed on the mechanistic insights and reaction pathways facilitated by different catalysts. Additionally, recent advancements and innovations in the field are discussed, including novel catalyst designs, green chemistry approaches, and emerging trends in catalytic materials. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact and potential of heterogeneous catalysis in this important area of organic synthesis.
Antiproliferative Effects of Ajuga orientalis Methanolic Extract: In Vitro and In Silico Insights
Authors: Althaher Arwa R. , Saqallah Fadi G. , Qawass Hala
Published: October 2024

Ajuga orientalis, a perennial herb from the Lamiaceae family, is traditionally used in Jordanian folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity, drug‐likeness, and molecular docking of the methanolic extract of A. orientalis to explore its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents. GC‐MS analysis identified 21 compounds, including oleic acid methyl ester (27.1%) and palmitic acid (12.5%). The extract demonstrated significant concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC50 of 91.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies revealed fundamental interactions of phytochemicals with cancer‐related proteins, including VEGFR2 and TLR4/MD‐2, showing strong binding affinities. Notably, 1,7‐di(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexamethyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetraoxa‐2,4,6‐trisilaheptane and the 2TBDMS derivative of 4‐hydroxybenzeneacetic acid exhibited promising interactions, indicating potential for inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating immune responses. Drug‐likeness evaluation of 18 compounds showed that 11 meet the criteria for oral bioavailability, though some challenges for drug development remain. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of A. orientalis compounds in cancer treatment and immune modulation, suggesting further experimental validation and development of these bioactive compounds.
Dibenzo‐peri‐Heptacene: A Stable Open‐Shell Graphene Fragment With a Balanced Combination of Armchair and Zigzag Edge Structures
Authors: Jiang Qing , Han Yi , Wu Shaofei , Xu Tingting , Chi Chunyan
Published: October 2024

Atomically precise open‐shell graphene fragments, such as extended peri‐acenes, hold significant interest for electronics and spintronics. However, their inherent high reactivity poses challenges for synthesis and application. In this study, a novel approach is introduced: the fusion of a zigzag‐edged peri‐tetracene with an all‐armchair‐edged hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) via two shared benzene rings to produce a stable open‐shell hydrocarbon, named dibenzo‐peri‐heptacene (DBPH). The DBPH derivative 1 exhibits considerably enhanced stability, with a half‐life (t1/2) of 46 days in toluene solution under ambient conditions. This improved stability is attributed to peri‐benzannulation, enhanced aromatic stabilization, and kinetic protection of the reactive sites along the zigzag edges. The structure of 1 is unequivocally verified through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. With a balanced combination of armchair and zigzag edge structures, derivative 1 displays a diradical character of 39.2% and a singlet‐triplet gap of ≈−3.16 kcal mol−1. It features a narrow electrochemical energy gap (0.87 eV) and exhibits amphoteric redox behavior. Notably, its dication and dianion states manifest a closed‐shell singlet ground state, representing doubly charged structures where a HBC unit is fused with a benzo[f]tetraphene moiety. This research paves the way for synthesizing novel open‐shell graphene fragments with adjustable electronic properties and exceptional stability.
Memristive Artificial Synapses Based on Brownmillerite for Endurable Weight Modulation
Authors: Lee Yoon Jung , Choi Eun Seok , Baek Ji Hyun , Yang Jiwoong , Kim Jaehyun , Kim Jae Young , Kim Byungsoo , Shin Donghoon , Park Sung Hyuk , Im In Hyuk , Lee Hyeonji , Kim Youngmin , Choi Deokjae , Lee Sanghan , Jang Ho Won
Published: October 2024

Exploring a computing paradigm that blends memory and computation functions is essential for artificial synapses. While memristors for artificial synapses are widely studied due to their energy‐efficient structures, random filament conduction in general memristors makes them less preferred for endurability in long‐term synaptic modulation. Herein, the topotactic phase transition (TPT) in brownmillerite‐phased (110)‐SrCoO2.5 (SCO2.5) is harnessed to enhance the reversibility of oxygen ion migration through 1‐D oxygen vacancy channels. By employing a heteroepitaxial structured 2‐terminal configuration of Au/SCO2.5/SrRuO3/SrTiO3, the brownmillerite SCO2.5‐based synapse artificial synapses are exploited. Demonstration of the TPT behavior is corroborated by comparing oxygen migration energy by density‐functional theory calculations and experimental results, and by monitoring the voltage pulse‐induced peak shift in the Raman spectra of SCO2.5. With the voltage pulse‐driven TPT behaviors, it is reliably characterized by linear, symmetric, and endurable long‐term potentiation and depression performances. Notably, the durability of the TPT‐based weight control mechanism is demonstrated by achieving consistent and noise‐free weight updates over 32 000 iterations across 640 cycles. Furthermore, learning performances based on deep neural networks and convolutional neural networks on various image datasets yielded very high recognition accuracy. The work offers valuable insights into designing memristive synapses that enable reliable weight updates in neural networks.
Enhanced Photodetection Performance of InBiSe3/ReS2 Polarization‐Sensitive Heterostructure Photodetectors
Authors: Quan Sufeng , Guo Shuai , Zhao Xiaoyu , Weller Dieter , Wang Xuefeng , Li Li , Fu Shiyou , Liu Ruibin
Published: October 2024

Individual anisotropic two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been widely applied for developing polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, but they often suffer from limitations in photoresponsivity, detection range, etc. To overcome these challenges, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures created by stacking different 2D materials provide a promising solution to enhance the performance of the photoelectronic device. In this work, a novel polarization‐sensitive photodetector is developed by leveraging a heterojunction formed by InBiSe3 and anisotropic ReS2 nanoflakes. The InBiSe3/ReS2 vdW heterostructure devices exhibit excellent photodetection performance with a high photoresponsivity (R) of 7.68 A W−1 and a specific detectivity (D*) up to 1.26 × 1011 Jones as well as an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1790% under 532 nm laser irradiation. Additionally, benefiting from the broadband light absorption of InBiSe3 crystals together with the pronounced anisotropic electronic and optical characteristics of ReS2 flakes, the devices demonstrate a broad spectral response range from 402 to 1006 nm with a distinct polarization sensitivity of 1.24. Moreover, the devices exhibit extraordinary optical communication and high contrast polarimetric imaging capacity. This work demonstrates the enhanced photodetection performance with the InBiSe3/ReS2 vdW heterostructures operating in a photoconductive mode and illustrates promising application of these heterostructures in integrated optoelectronic systems.
High Oxygen Reduction Efficiency and Durability of Nano‐Honeycomb Pt3(NiFeCo) Replenished by High‐Entropy Metallic Glass Support
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Wang Jing , Li Rui , Guo Qi , Zhang Qiqin , He Yi , Li Zhibin , Liu Weihong , Liu Xiongjun , Lu Zhaoping
Published: October 2024

Developing low‐Pt oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high efficiency and robustness is critical for practical fuel cells. The most advanced ORR catalysts either feature high percentages of Pt (>70 at.%) or exhibit poor durability when reducing Pt loading. Herein, a multicomponent solid‐solution Pt3(FeCoNi) honeycomb nano‐framework supported by the specially designed high‐entropy metallic glass (MG) is reported for efficient ORR. This hybrid catalyst with a low surface Pt loading of 5.79 µg cm−2 displays exceptional mass and specific activities of 7.02 A mgpt−1 and 8.15 mA cmPt−2 at 0.9 V, respectively, which are ≈15 and 22 times higher compared with commercial Pt/C. The analyses reveal the weakened chemisorption of oxygenated species, which is induced by the strong strain and ligand effects originating from the synergistic multicomponent alloying. This in turn enhances the intrinsic ORR activity. Moreover, benefiting from a unique replenishment behavior, the hybrid catalyst delivers ultra‐high durability with negligible activity decay even after 50 000 potential cycles. This mechanism is achieved by sacrificing the interior MG supplementary support to dynamically compensate for the loss of catalytically active surface. The work provides an alternative way to design more efficient and durable low‐Pt electrocatalysts for electrochemical devices.
A Hybrid Alloying Nanozyme‐Glutathione Inhibitor Co‐Delivery System Initiates a Dual‐Disruption on Cancer Redox Homeostasis
Authors: Hou Jue , Bao Hanxiao , Wang Yu , Zhou Qiaomei , Chen Jiayi , Pan Guohua , Xu Guoqiao , Zhang Jinguo , Tang Guping , Bai Hongzhen
Published: October 2024

Altered redox homeostasis has long been observed in cancer cells, which can be exploited for therapeutic benefits. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) pleiotropy coupling with reductive adaptation in cancer cells poses a formidable challenge for redox dyshomeostasis‐based cancer therapy. Herein, a AuPd alloying nanozyme‐glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis inhibitor co‐delivery system (B‐BMES) is developed using dendritic SiO2 as a matrix to target cancer redox homeostasis. By optimizing element composition, the alloying nanozyme in B‐BMES exhibits a potent peroxidase (POD)‐like activity to trigger ROS insults‐mediated redox dyshomeostasis. Such a POD functionality is attributed to the optimized electronic structure and catalytic activity. Simultaneously, the B‐BMES abrogates the reductive adaptation by exerting its molecule‐targeted GSH suppression, thereby achieving a dual‐disruption on cancer redox homeostasis. Camouflaging B‐BMES with tumor‐homologous cytomembrane, a hybrid nanosystem with biological stability and tumor‐targeting ability is further fabricated, which initiates a safe, precise redox disruption‐based cancer therapy and sensibilizes standard chemotherapy.
Zero‐Strain Sodium Nickel Ferrocyanide as Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐Long Lifespan
Authors: Yuan Bingyang , Qiao Shuangyan , Yuan Lingling , Chen Bofeng , Chong Shaokun
Published: October 2024

Prussian blue analogues are recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to the open 3D framework structure with large interstitial sites and developed Na‐ion diffusion channels. However, high content of anion vacancy and poor structural stability have hampered the prospect of their application. In this work, sodium nickel ferrocyanide (Na1.34Ni[Fe(CN)6]0.92, NNHCF) is proposed as cathode material for SIBs. N‐coordinated Ni‐ion can boost NNHCF to possess less Fe[(CN)6]4− defect, low Na‐ion migration barrier, and more negative formation energy compared with Na0.91Cu[Fe(CN)6]0.77 (NCHCF), thus exhibiting more active sites, fast electrochemical kinetics behavior and great structure stability. It is confirmed that NNHCF undergoes a solid solution mechanism without phase evolution for reversible Na‐ion intercalation/deintercalation, employing Fe associated with C atom as redox center for charge compensation. Therefore, NNHCF contributes a high initial energy density of 180.94 Wh·g−1 at 10 mA·g−1, excellent rate capability, superior cycling stability with ultra‐long lifespan of 13 000 cycles, and low fading rate of 0.0027% per cycle at 500 mA·g−1. This work sheds light on the construction of low‐defect PBA cathodes with outstanding dynamics and stability.
Electrochemiluminescence Reveals the Structure‐Catalytic Activity Relationship of Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Jin Peng , Ren Guoyuan , Gao Nan , Qing Chenglin , Zeng Hui , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Meining
Published: October 2024

Heteroatom doping can change the chemical environment of carbon‐based nanomaterials and improve their catalytic performance. Exploring the structure‐catalytic activity relationship of heteroatom‐doped carbon‐based materials is of great significance for studying catalytic mechanisms and designing highly efficient catalysts, but remains a significant challenge. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐triggered electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has shown great potential for unveiling the mechanism by which heteroatom‐doped carbon‐based materials catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), owing to the high sensitivity of these materials to the properties of the electrode surface. Herein, two kinds of heteroatom‐doped porous carbon (denoted as NP‐C and N‐C) are synthesized and analyzed by monitoring the cathodic ECL of luminol‐H2O2 in the low negative‐potential region. P, N‐doped NP‐C exhibits better catalytic ability for activating H2O2 to generate large amounts of •OH and O2•−, compared with N‐C. A sensitive antioxidant‐mediated ECL platform is successfully developed for detecting the antioxidant levels in cells, exhibiting considerable potential for evaluating the antioxidant capacity. The relationship between the structure and catalytic mechanism of heteroatom‐doped carbon‐based materials is successfully explored using ECL, where this method can be universally applied to carbon‐based materials.
Graphdiyne‐Based Nickel–Cobalt Bimetallic Sulfide Cocatalyst for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Bingzhu , Ma Xiaohua , Lei Minjun , Wang Tian , Jin Zhiliang
Published: October 2024

Initially, CoNiSx is synthesized on the graphdiyne (GDY) surface through a precipitation method, followed by the straightforward physical stirring approach to attach CoNiSx/GDY to the maple leaf CdS. This synthesis method significantly mitigates the accumulation of CoNiSx/GDY and concurrently augments the count of sites that are active for generating hydrogen. This three‐phase composite demonstrates exceptional performance in the area of photocatalytic hydrogen production, achieving a hydrogen evolution rate of 15.37 mmol·h−1 g−1. The employment of various characterization methodologies and density functional theory calculations have demonstrated the formation of a Z‐scheme heterojunction forms between GDY and CdS. This discovery indicates that the combination of GDY and CdS markedly improves the photogenerated carrier separation capability of the composite catalyst. The cocatalyst CoNiSx loaded on GDY effectively accelerates the electron transfer from the conduction band of GDY, thereby reducing the photogenerated carrier complexation of GDY. This phenomenon results in an increased quantity of photogenerated electron holes engaged in the redox reaction, ultimately achieving exceptional photocatalytic performance.
Gebäudehüllen aus Metall in Erdbebengebieten
Authors: Bittner Lara , Wallner Anna , Lüdecke Marvin , Hoffmeister Benno , Kuhnhenne Markus , Ummenhofer Thomas
Published: October 2024

Gebäudehüllen in Metallleichtbauweise, wie bspw. Sandwichelemente oder mehrschalige Konstruktionen mit Trapezprofilen, werden häufig im Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau eingesetzt. Diese haben zunächst nur eine raumabschließende Wirkung und werden für Belastungen infolge von Wind‐ und Temperatureinwirkungen bzw. Schneelasten bemessen. Im Rahmen eines IGF/FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekts sollte ermittelt werden, inwiefern die Dach‐ und Wandelemente im Erdbebenfall eine aussteifende Funktion übernehmen. Dazu wurden Dach‐ und Wandelemente und deren Verbindungen an die Unterkonstruktion hinsichtlich ihres zyklischen Verhaltens, des Energiedissipationsvermögens und der Funktionsfähigkeit nach seismischen Ereignissen untersucht. Es wurden Detailversuche an Verbindungen, Großversuche an Schubfeldern und bauphysikalische Untersuchungen durchgeführt.
Neue Versuchshalle des Instituts für Stahlbau der RWTH Aachen University
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Mehrtens Peter , Schaffrath Simon , Karbig Nico , Feldmann Markus
Published: October 2024

Als gewachsene Institution mit unterschiedlichen Forschungsfeldern hat das Institut für Stahlbau der RWTH Aachen einen hohen Bedarf an experimentellen Versuchseinrichtungen. Daher wird seit 2023 eine neue Versuchshalle in unmittelbarer Nähe zur bereits bestehenden Forschungsinfrastruktur errichtet. Dabei wurde die Gebäudehülle des Bauwerks genutzt, um vielfältige Möglichkeiten des Metallleichtbaus mit innovativen Konstruktionen umzusetzen. Zusätzlich können Teile der Gebäudehülle in zukünftige Forschungsprojekte als Reallabor eingebunden werden. Der Synergieeffekt von der Erstellung von Forschungsflächen in Kombination mit der Gebäudestruktur als reales Forschungsobjekt ermöglicht eine Ausweitung des Forschungsspektrums am Institut für Stahlbau der RWTH Aachen. Bereits während der Planungsphase wurde die einzigartige Möglichkeit in Anspruch genommen, das Bauprojekt mit innovativen Digitalisierungswerkzeugen zu begleiten. Mit der Erfassung und Vermessung des Neubaus im laufenden Bauprozess über einen 3D‐Laserscan und Fotogrammetrie per Drohne konnten die tatsächlichen Gebäudestrukturen digital nachgebildet werden. Diese Modelle werden für die Montage von Teilen der Fassade in ein Mixed‐Reality‐System integriert, was eine Montage der Aluminiumkassetten mit virtueller Anleitung ermöglicht. Sowohl Bau als auch Nutzung des Hallenneubaus erweitern damit die zukünftigen Forschungsmöglichkeiten am Institut für Stahlbau der RWTH Aachen.
Association of Major Histocompatibility Complex Polymorphism With Acute Phase Response in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Vatankhah Afra , Nikbakht Brujeni Gholamreza , Esmailnejad Atefeh
Published: October 2024

Background

Stress associated with changes in host immunity occurs in response to altered environmental conditions, endogenous imbalances, infectious agents and harmful stimuli. The importance of genetic diversity in chickens has increased due to individual immune differences towards resistance and susceptibility to various stimuli.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism with acute phase response (APR) in Ross 308 broiler chickens.

Methods

The allelic diversity of the LEI0258 microsatellite marker was determined in 120 Ross broilers. In addition, acute phase proteins (APPs), including serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), were analysed as markers of the APR. Furthermore, leukocyte count and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) were examined. The antibody response to the Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) was also measured to assess humoral mediated immunity. Lastly, the correlation between immune responses and MHC alleles was investigated to identify the most effective alleles in a stress‐related situation.

Results

A total of six alleles, ranging from 195 to 448 bp, were identified. Association study revealed a significant influence of MHC alleles on APPs in Ross population (p < 0.05). Notably, Allele 448 had a significant correlation with SAA concentration and the H/L ratio. Allele 207 displayed a positive association with AGP concentration, whereas Allele 195 showed a negative association. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between Allele 448 and basopenia, as well as between Allele 195 and monocytosis.

Conclusions

Results confirmed the significance of MHC as a candidate gene marker for immune responses, which supports its use for vaccine design, genetic improvement of disease‐resistant traits and resource conservation in commercial broiler chickens.
Morphometric and Molecular Characterization of Fasciola spp. in Livestock From Northwestern Provinces of Iran
Authors: Galavani Hossein , Raeghi Saber , Karamian Mehdi , Torabi Negin , Haniloo Ali
Published: October 2024

Background

Liver flukes from the genus Fasciola are the causative agents for human and livestock fascioliasis. Accurate identification of Fasciola spp. is essential to understanding the epidemiology of fascioliasis. This study aimed to determine the morphometric and molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. in livestock from Northwestern provinces of Iran.

Methods

Five hundred adult Fasciola flukes were obtained from different definitive hosts (cattle, sheep, goats, and buffaloes) in four local abattoirs in the northwestern provinces of Iran (West‐Azerbaijan, East‐Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan) from September 2021 to August 2022. All samples were examined by morphometric criteria; then, 49 samples were identified using PCR‐RFLP based on ITS1 region and 23 sequence of isolates analyzed by cox1 marker. PCR‐RFLP methods compared morphometric results, and cox1 gene sequences were used to confirm PCR‐RFLP results and phylogenetic analysis.

Results

The differences between the body length, body width, cephalic cone length, cephalic cone width, body area, and distance between the ventral sucker and posterior end of the body in two species were significant (p < 0.05). Based on the morphometric criteria, 139 samples (27.8%) were identified as Fasciola gigantica and 361 (72.2%) as Fasciola hepatica. Similarly, PCR‐RFLP analysis of ITS1 region confirmed morphometric results. No hybrid forms of Fasciola were detected. Partial sequences of cox1 showed 13 variable sites with eight haplotypes in F. hepatica and 12 variable sites with five haplotypes in F. gigantica.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, the PCR‐RFLP method can be used to confirm the morphological method of Fasciola species, but it is insufficient to study their genetic diversity. Also, sequences of cox1 results of the present study showed that F. hepatica and F. gigantica species in the Northern provinces of Iran have different genetic structures and haplotypes.
A Case Report on Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in an Indigenous Dog
Authors: Akter Farjana , Rahman Md. Zillur , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Nandita Bristy Dhar , Shikder Md. Foisal , Shihab Md. Piar Rahaman , Pallab Monoar Sayeed
Published: October 2024

A 12 years‐old, male indigenous dog was presented to Shahedul Alam Qaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram, Bangladesh with a large tumour on its right front leg. The histopathological findings of the tumour were highly suggestive of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS). The tumour was surgically removed from the dog. While there had been no recurrence for 5 months, the patient died 5 months post‐operatively. The cause of the death and presence of metastasis could not be confirmed as follow‐up investigations were declined by the owner. A histopathological study showed poorly differentiated neoplastic mononuclear cells forming nests in an alveolar pattern. Despite that the limited resources prevented myogenin staining for diagnostic confirmation, the well‐contained, defined appearance of the tumour supports the diagnosis of ARMS. This report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating ARMS in indigenous dogs and emphasizes the need for further research and diagnostic markers to improve detection and management.
Using Machine Learning for Systematic Literature Review Case in Point: Agile Software Development
Authors: David Itzik , Gelbard Roy
Published: October 2024

Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are essential for researchers to keep up with past and recent research in their domains. However, the rapid growth in knowledge creation and the rising number of publications have made this task increasingly complex and challenging. Moreover, most systematic literature reviews are performed manually, which requires significant effort and creates potential bias. The risk of bias is particularly relevant in the data synthesis task, where researchers interpret each study's evidence and summarize the results. This study uses an experimental approach to explore using machine learning (ML) techniques in the SLR process. Specifically, this study replicates a study that manually performed sentiment analysis for the data synthesis step to determine the polarity (negative or positive) of evidence extracted from studies in the field of agile methodology. This study employs a lexicon‐based approach to sentiment analysis and achieves an accuracy rate of approximately 86.5% in identifying study evidence polarity.
Exploring unsteady radiative nanofluid dynamics: Thomson–Troian wall slip effects on a stretching rotating disk
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Qayyum Mubashir , Rasool Mudassar
Published: October 2024

Fluid flow over rotating disk possesses many potential application in many engineering, biological, electrical, and chemical. Along with nanoparticles flow become more enriched in terms of chemical and physical properties. This study investigates the laminar, unsteady, incompressible flow of a water‐based nanofluid above a rotating, stretchable disk. The nanofluid consists of three distinct nanoparticles (magnetite), (copper), and (silver), under the influence of radiation. The behavior of the nanofluid is modeled using the Tiwari and Das model with generalized slip on the disk surface. The new facet of study is to examines the effects of different parameters including stretching, slip, radiation, skin friction, and Nusselt numbers on the flow dynamics. The fluid motion is driven by the rotation and stretching of the disk. Through appropriate similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations for the flow and thermal transport processes are transformed into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. These equations are then numerically solved using bvp4c method in MATLAB. The results indicate that velocities in both the radial and axial directions increase with rising stretching parameters, due which skin friction coefficient mount by . And, Nusselt number of fluid surge by increasing volume fraction of , , nanoparticles respectively. Additionally, the temperature increases with increment in the radiation parameter . An increase in the slip parameter's value results in a reduction in both radial and axial velocities.
Supracostal ultrasound guided approach percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SUGA-PNL) versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for large volume isolated upper calyceal stones: a prospective randomized analysis
Authors: Assem Ahmed , Abdalla Ahmed , Elzoheiry Mohamed , Elaziz Islam Nasser Abd , Amr Hesham , Bakr Heba , Rammah Ahmed M
Published: October 2024

To assess outcomes of supracostal ultrasound guided approach percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SUGA-PNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in isolated large volume upper calyceal stones (UCS). This was a prospective randomized study including patients with isolated UCS > 20mm. The patients were randomized into two groups: group (P) (SUGA-PNL) and group (R) (RIRS). Patients’ demographics, stones characteristics, operative, and postoperative outcomes essentially the stone free rate (SFR) and complications rate were documented. The stone clearance was defined as no fragments or residual fragments less than 2mm in the one month non contrast CT scan follow up. Eighty-nine patients opted to undergo the procedure according to the preoperative randomization. Four patients, 2 patients from each group, lost to follow up and other 2 patients were excluded from group (R) due to a tight ureter. Both groups were comparable as regards the preoperative demographics and stone characteristics. There were statistically significant differences regarding total operative time, the change in hemoglobin level, and postoperative pain score (P: 0.024, 0.010 and 0.032 respectively). The SFR was 88.1% in group (P) compared to 73.2% in group (R) (P: 0.019). Moreover, it did not differ significantly between both groups regarding the intraoperative and postoperative complications. No visceral and thoracic injuries were documented in group (P). On other side, 6 patients (14.6%) from group (R) had different grades of ureteral injury during access sheath placement. SUGA-PNL is a safe and effective treatment modality for UCS > 20mm with a higher SFR than RIRS.
Associations between academic achievement and internalizing disorders in Swedish students aged 16 years between 1990 and 2018
Authors: Högberg Björn , Strandh Mattias , Petersen Solveig , Nilsson Karina
Published: October 2024

Background

Rising rates of internalizing disorders and rising rates of school failure among adolescents are growing concerns. Despite the strong association between academic achievement and internalizing disorders, possible links between these two trends have not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the development of the cross-sectional associations between academic achievement and internalizing disorders in Swedish students aged 16 years between 1990 and 2018.

Methods

Register data on specialist psychiatric care and prescriptions of psycholeptic and psychotropic drugs were linked to data on students’ school grades in the last year of compulsory school. The total sample size was 3,089,674 students. Logistic regression models with internalizing disorders as the dependent variable, and graduation year and academic achievement as independent variables, were estimated.

Results

Throughout the period, there was a strong negative association between academic achievement and internalizing disorders. Low-achieving students had by far the highest risks of internalizing disorders. In absolute terms, the increase in internalizing disorders was clearly largest for low-achieving students. The relative risks for low-achieving compared to higher achieving students increased between 1990 and 2010 and declined after 2010.

Conclusions

This study found consistently large, and at least until 2010 growing, achievement-related inequalities in internalizing disorders among Swedish adolescents between 1990 and 2018, with the lowest achieving students having disproportionally high risks. The increasingly pronounced concentration of internalizing disorders in the lowest rungs of the achievement distribution suggests that preventive interventions should focus on supporting this doubly disadvantaged group of students.
Beyond endocrine resistance: estrogen receptor (ESR1) activating mutations mediate chemotherapy resistance through the JNK/c-Jun MDR1 pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Taya Marwa , Merenbakh-Lamin Keren , Zubkov Asia , Honig Zohar , Kurolap Alina , Mayer Ori , Shomron Noam , Wolf Ido , Rubinek Tami
Published: October 2024

Purpose

All patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) expressing estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) will eventually develop resistance to endocrine therapies. In up to 40% of patients, this resistance is caused by activating mutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ESR1. Accumulating clinical evidence indicate adverse outcomes for these patients, beyond that expected by resistance to endocrine therapy. Here we aimed to study the role of ESR1 mutations in conferring chemoresistance in BC cells.

Methods

MCF-7 cells harboring Y537S and D538G ESR1 mutations (mut-ER) were employed to study the response to chemotherapy drugs, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, using viability and apoptotic assay in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. JNK/c-Jun/MDR1 pathway was studied using qRT-PCR, western-blot, gene-reporter and ChIP assays. MDR1 expression was analyzed in clinical samples using IHC.

Results

 Cell harboring ESR1 mutations displayed relative chemoresistance compared to WT-ER, evidenced by higher viability and reduced apoptosis as well as resistance to paclitaxel in vivo. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, MDR1 expression was examined and elevated levels were observed in mut-ER cells, and in clinical BC samples. MDR1 is regulated by the c-Jun pathway, and we showed high correlation between these two genes in BC using TCGA databases. Accordingly, we detected higher JNK/c-Jun expression and activity in ESR1-mutated cells, as well as increased occupancy of c-Jun in MDR1 promoter. Importantly, JNK inhibition decreased MDR1 expression and restored sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data indicate that ESR1 mutations confer chemoresistance through activation of the JNK/MDR1 axis. These finding suggest a novel treatment option for BC tumors expressing ESR1 mutations.
Are Digital Tools More Often Implemented in High-Quality Lessons?—Profiles of Instructional Quality and the Use of Digital Tools in Biology and Mathematics Lessons
Authors: Meuleners Julia S. , Lindermayer Christian , Traub Dagmar , Aufleger Monika , Rutkowski Annemarie , Kosiol Timo , Reith Sabrina , Arvaneh Begüm , Bannert Maria , Ufer Stefan , Neuhaus Birgit J.
Published: October 2024

The potential contribution of digital tools to quality instruction is a widely debated issue in STEM education. As a first step to investigate this potential, it is necessary to understand how instructional quality and digital tool use are interrelated. Although previous research generally hinted that instructional quality and the use of digital tools are related, it is unclear how these relations are specific to different STEM subjects. Addressing this research gap, we compared the association between instructional quality and the use of digital tools in biology (Study 1) and mathematics lessons (Study 2) based on the questionnaires answered by N = 2,396 eight-grade students at German secondary schools. On the basis of Latent Profile Analyses of instructional quality features considering both their class-level and their within-class variability, the use of digital tools was compared for the profiles of instructional quality identified for biology and mathematics lessons. Study 1 showed, that the three profiles in biology significantly differed in their use of digital tools, whereas this was not the case with the four profiles identified in mathematics (Study 2). In biology, digital tools had been more often implemented in high-quality than in low-quality lessons. But there was no such difference in mathematics. It was conspicuous that students in biology lessons reported overall more digital tool use than in mathematics. Despite several similarities between STEM subjects, the results suggest that a subject-specific perspective on instructional quality and the use of digital tools is beneficial for a more nuanced approach to teacher training.
Users’ self-description on social media: a methodology to integrate labels and textual information
Authors: Ricciardi Riccardo
Published: October 2024

To analyze how groups of people self-describe on social media, existing studies separately or partly exploited labels and textual self-descriptions. In this paper, we leveraged both sources of information about the users in an integrated procedure, by training a language model on a sample of text documents with balanced characteristics, and then, by using a list of both domain-specific and statistically relevant words as a guide, similarities between word and document representations were explored to analyze group differences in self-describing. Eventually, a bootstrap procedure was employed to assess the reliability of the results. The methodology proposed was applied on data from StockTwits platform, where people write a bio and declare their experience, approach, and primary holding period in trading. We found that groups of traders differ in semantics. In addition, the relationship between the approach in trading and the holding period still holds in self-descriptions, whereas the experience transversely influences bio writing, with professionals using words strictly specific to the domain of stock trading.
Removal of formaldehyde from indoor air by potted Sansevieria trifasciata plants: dynamic influence of physiological traits on the process
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Silan , Zhong Jiaochan , Lin Shujie , Pang Shifan , Tu Qianying , Agranovski Igor
Published: October 2024

Plant-based removal of indoor formaldehyde is a widely studied method, yet little is known about the dynamic changes in this process. In this study, potted Sansevieria trifasciata Prain plants were exposed to 5-ppm formaldehyde gas concentration for 7 days. The results showed that formaldehyde exposure led to plant stress, affected photosynthesis, and damaged membrane lipids, as evidenced by a decrease in chlorophyll content, an increase in Chl a/b ratio and malondialdehyde content. However, the formaldehyde removal ability of the plants increased over the first 5 days, peaking at 18.02 mg h−1 kg−1 dry weight on the 5th day. This trend was correlated with changes in various indicators in the plant roots, including phytohormone and antioxidant enzymes. Notably, catalase activity in the roots behaved differently from other indicators. The indicators in the leaves showed turning points around the 3rd day due to the direct exposure of the leaves to formaldehyde. The relative abundance of endophytes indicated an increase in plant growth-promoting bacteria, which helped the plant cope with formaldehyde stress. The study suggests that under formaldehyde stress, plants manage active oxygen content by increasing phytohormones and regulating redox reactions. This enhances their tolerances to formaldehyde, thereby improving their ability to remove formaldehyde and aiding recovery after formaldehyde exposure.

Graphical abstract
Heart Rate Variability and Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury with Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity Syndrome
Authors: Burzyńska Małgorzata , Woźniak Jowita , Urbański Piotr , Kędziora Jarosław , Załuski Rafał , Goździk Waldemar , Uryga Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Background

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to transient changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning and development of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) syndrome. Clinical manifestation of ANS disorders may be obscured by therapeutic interventions in TBI. This study aims to analyze ANS metrics and cerebral autoregulation in patients with PSH syndrome to determine their significance in early prognostication.

Methods

This single-center retrospective study investigated the relationship between changes in ANS metrics, cerebral autoregulation, and PSH syndrome. Arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure signals were monitored for 5 days post TBI. ANS metrics included time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV) metrics. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed using the pressure reactivity index.

Results

Sixty-six patients with severe TBI (median age 33 [interquartile range 26–50] years) were analyzed, and PSH was confirmed in nine cases. Impairment of cerebral autoregulation was observed in 67% of patients with PSH and 72% without the syndrome. Patients with PSH had higher HRV in the low-frequency range (LF; 253 ± 178 vs. 176 ± 227 ms2; p = 0.035) and lower heart rates (HRs; 70 ± 7 vs. 78 ± 19 bpm; p = 0.027) compared to those without PSH. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that HR (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.73, p = 0.006) and HRV in the LF (AUC = 0.70, p = 0.009) are moderate predictors of PSH. In the multiple logistic regression model for PSH, diffuse axonal trauma (odds ratio (OR) = 10.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70–68.98, p = 0.012) and HR (OR = 0.91, 95%  CI 0.84–0.98, p = 0.021) were significant factors.

Conclusions

Elevated HRV in the LF and decreased HR may serve as early predictors of PSH syndrome development, particularly in patients with diffuse axonal trauma. Further research is needed to investigate the utility of the cerebral autoregulation–ANS relationship in PSH prognostication.
Vehicular Mini-LED backlight display inspection based on residual global context mechanism
Authors: Zhao Guobao , Zheng Xi , Huang Xiao , Lu Yijun , Chen Zhong , Guo Weijie
Published: October 2024

Mini-LED backlight has emerged as a promising technology for high performance LCDs, yet the massive detection of dead pixels and precise LEDs placement are constrained by the miniature scale of the Mini-LEDs. The high-resolution network (Hrnet) with mixed dilated convolution and dense upsampling convolution (MDC-DUC) module and a residual global context attention (RGCA) module has been proposed to detect the quality of vehicular Mini-LED backlights. The proposed model outperforms the baseline networks of Unet, Pspnet, Deeplabv3+, and Hrnet, with a mean intersection over union (Miou) of 86.91%. Furthermore, compared to the four baseline detection networks, our proposed model has a lower root-mean-square error (RMSE) when analyzing the position and defective count of Mini-LEDs in the prediction map by canny algorithm. This work incorporates deep learning to support production lines improve quality of Mini-LED backlights.

Graphical abstract
The Lived Experiences and Well-Being of Female Partners Following Discovery or Disclosure of Their Male Partner’s Compulsive Sexual Behaviours: An Australian Phenomenological Study
Authors: Seyed Aghamiri Fakri , Luetz Johannes M. , Hills Karenne
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There has been an upsurge of research articles in the last two decades about sexual addiction (SA) and compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB). In the literature, SA/CSB is mainly presented as comparable to other behavioural addictions and similarly involves a problematic consumption model: loss of control, psychosocial impairments, and risky sexual activities. Despite this recent rise in research interest in this area, only a small number of studies have focused on the partners’ lived experiences and well-being.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive phenomenological investigation aimed to examine female partners’ lived experiences and well-being following the discovery or disclosure of their male partners’ SA/CSB. Individual in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted (2020–2022) with primary participants (female partners; n = 12) and supplementary participants (counsellors; n = 15).

Results

The analysis reveals that this group has encountered several detrimental consequences of CSB-associated betrayal trauma (BT), including but not limited to suicidal thoughts and self-harm, compulsive self-comparisons with other women, physical and behavioural difficulties, and diminished self-esteem.

Conclusions

This empirical research is the first study in Australia to examine the voices and experiences of female partners upon learning of their mates’ CSBs. The findings contribute to the field of SA/CSB and enhance understanding of the multifarious consequences for the emotional, physical, sexual, spiritual and/or relational well-being of intimate female partners and their general outlook on life.

Policy Implications

Based on the results, there are strong indications with implications for policy that this population requires validation and multifaceted support systems to better navigate the challenging, complex, and stressful processes of discovery/disclosure and subsequent recovery.
Modelling monetary and non-monetary flows of recreational ecosystem services in Germany
Authors: Hermes Johannes , Albert Christian , von Haaren Christina
Published: October 2024

While policy interest and research on recreational ecosystem services (RES) has increased substantially, insights into the actual flows of benefits to people have remained scarce, especially at levels beyond local communities. This paper aims to model RES Flows and Benefits for Germany in monetary and non-monetary terms. We use Germany as a case study due its diversity of landscapes and availability of relevant spatial and empirical data. We develop and apply an assessment approach that considers RES Demand and Supply based on user preferences. Our results show distinct demand–supply matches and mismatches, for example in southwest Germany, and highest flows near population centres. Monetary benefits are highest in counties with high RES Supply that are close to densely populated areas. Our results can usefully inform planning and decision-making, for example to improve and further justify destination management, landscape development, and investments in RES at local, regional, and national levels.
Traditional herders’ perception of job satisfaction and integration into society: Another obstacle to the survival of pastoralism?
Authors: Pérez-Barbería F. Javier , Brewer Mark J. , Gordon Iain J.
Published: October 2024

Pastoralism is gaining in recognition for its provision of a broad range of ecosystem services. However, in Western countries, especially in Europe, it has been in decline for decades and its future is uncertain. Professional satisfaction, social appreciation and community integration are key factors for the sustainability of any activity. Using information from 167 traditional Spanish herders, we assessed their perceived degree of satisfaction with their profession and the reasons behind their perceptions. Herders were extremely satisfied with their profession, but they perceived medium and low levels of appreciation by the rural and urban sectors of society, respectively. Herders had negative feelings about the sustainability of their profession, as they felt more appreciated by society in the past than they do today, half of them did not want their offspring to make a living as herders. Improving communication between herders and society could help to enhance herders’ appreciation of their profession.

Graphical abstract