bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCES AND EXPECTATIONS OF WOMEN: A CASE OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Gender Studies,  University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan, Ali Bushra , Malik Raana ,   Department of Gender Studies,  University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
Published: September 2022

Natural disasters destruct the normal functioning of a particular community. The recovery and resettlement phases of the disaster are given much consideration by developmental agencies which cater the short term needs only. While the long-term developmental needs of victims in the re-constructional phase goes unnoticed. Moreover, the existing studies have highlighted the vulnerability of women but ignored their potentials for sustainable development. This study incorporates the women’s experiences and expectations of the reconstruction phase of the disasters in the context of rural settings of the most deprived area of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. The phenomenological design has been used to study the lived experiences of women in the reconstruction and rehabilitation phase. The study was part of doctorate program (PhD Gender Studies) of the researcher. The study incorporates the experiences of participants who narrated the stories of their interaction with outsiders including government personals, community leaders, aid agencies and researchers which have provided broader horizons for the development of the community. Women got motivation and inspiration by interacting with female researchers. The employment, economic and educational opportunities for women have been improved after the disasters. Not only the victims, but the other women came out of the domestic arena and claimed their spaces in the public sphere and few of them started their independent setups. The study concludes that there should be no gender discrimination for skill development initiatives and women must be supported financially and technically to cash their existing skills. Like the education sector, the health department also needs government attention for improvement to ease communal life in harsh mountains. Keywords: Gender, Disaster, Opportunities, Expectations, post-disaster long term reconstruction
ASSESSING THE ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT FOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   Department of Applied Psychology,  The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Fatima  Shabbih , Nadeem Masood ,   Department of Applied Psychology,  The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Published: September 2022

This study explores the link between academic resilience, academic self-concept and academic achievement among school students. This study utilizes cross-sectional survey research design, by employing a sample of 340 students conveniently approached from different schools of Multan, Pakistan. Data is collected through Academic Resilience Scale-Urdu version (Fatima, 2021), Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire-Urdu version (Fatima, 2021) and grade/percentage obtained in a test for academic achievement. The result of the correlation coefficient shows academic resilience, academic achievement and academic self-concept are positively as well as significantly correlated. The findings of the linear regression depict that academic achievement is significantly predicted by academic resilience and academic self-concept. The outcome of the independent t-test reveals insignificant gender differences in academic resilience and academic achievement while significant in academic self-concept at school level. The study’s main limitationsare highlighted and suggestions for future researches are also made. Keywords: Academic resilience, Academic achievement, School students, Academic self-concept.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE 19TH CENTURY EDUCATIONAL REFORMS OF THE SUBCONTINENT THROUGH THE POSTCOLONIAL LENS
Authors:   University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan., Haq Ariba Anwaar Ul , Sajjad Fatima ,   Department of Political Science and International Relations  School of Social Sciences and Humanities
Published: September 2022

The paper has re-examined development in the context of the 19th century India. The 19th century is the era denoted by the establishment of the British Empire, and the decline of the Mughal Empire in the Subcontinent. Moreover, during the 19th century various educational reforms, such as Macaulay Minutes were implemented, for the progression of the Indian Society. However several studies noted that the educational reforms were a colonial tool to maintain the domination of the British colonial regime. And the notions such as developed/civilized English and underdevelopment/uncivilized Subcontinent facilitated the implementation of reforms on one hand and on the other it helped to sustain the British rule. Moreover, during British Raj, large number of Muslim communities showed concerns regarding the modern educational reforms. And since modern education became a prerequisite for development; consequently various surveys and reports showed that Muslims are behind; both economically and intellectually. In addition the study has provided various lessons from the 19th development vision for the post-colonial nations, through the post-colonial ideas of Homi K Bhabh including mimicry, ambivalence and hybridity. Keywords: Mimicry, Ambivalence, Hybridity, Development, Homi. K. Bhabha, Educational Reforms.
THE POLITICS OF LINGUISTIC MARGINALIZATION IN THE THIRD SPACE: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   DHA Suffa University, Karachi.Pakistan, Kazmi SettingsSarah Syed
Published: September 2022

The politics of language is linked to power struggles among various tiers of society. The centre is usually imbued with colonial values, therefore peripheral groups aspire to reach it. Colonial and Native become “Others” to each other. Most Subaltern theorists list the causes for this otherness, with the Orientalist brand of colonialism as regarded by Edward Said. Linguistic choices trigger a constant display of inclusion and exclusion. A Eurocentric historiography underlines this difference. “Othering” has become an exercise in de-humanising the marginalized. This paper dwells on the dynamics of uneven power positioning among social hierarchies on account of linguistic choices. The impact of colonial language policies on postcolonial societies has been historically contextualized to note departures as well as compliance to the said policies in specific socio-political contexts. How this friction translates in the binary opposition evident in the centre/periphery black/white, master/slave, man/woman and the colonizer/colonized dichotomies will be studied to evaluate the uneven power positions. The struggle of the marginalized sections for survival by learning a language conditioned with better socio-economic and political prospects at the cost of Mother Tongue (MT) or Language 1 (L1) has been critically analysed to study the impact of marginalization. Postcolonial theory has been employed as a methodical approach to analyse linguistic marginalization. Politics and language are bound up when the latter is not considered neutral. This serves as a historical background to the phenomenon of linguistic marginalization. Keywords: Colonialism, Subaltern, Native, Otherness, Binaries, Marginalization, Third Space
VALIDATION OF PRENATAL OBSESSION COMPULSION SCALE-SHORT FORM
Authors:   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat. Gujrat Pakistan, Shafiq Sameera , Batool Maryam ,   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, Kiran Tayyeba ,   Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan
Published: September 2022

The purpose of conducting this study was to validate the Prenatal Obsession Compulsion Scale-Short Form (POCS-SF) of the original 40 items version of Prenatal Obsession Compulsion Scale (POCS). Cross-sectional correlational research design was applied and data was collected between January to May, 2020. The study comprised of two phases. In Phase I, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a purposively selected sample of 472 pregnant females (Mage= 28.49 years, SD=6.32) who attended gynecological wards of private and public hospitals at least twice in Gujrat. POCS (Kiran, Shafiq, & Anjum, 2020) with 40 items was administered along with demographic sheet and informed consent form. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 24 items in POCS-SF with good model fit indices, having significance level p<0.01, CFI=0.93, TLI=0.92, IFI=0.93, and RMSEA= 0.06. In Phase II, 120 pregnant ladies (Mage= 26.48 years, SD=4.31) were approached by purposive sampling technique who have at least two previous visits in the hospitals. Prenatal Obsession Compulsion Scale-Short Form (POCS-SF), Scale for Adjustment Problems of Adults (SAPA, Naz, Bano, & Leghari, 2018) and Obsessive Compulsive Scale (OCS, Prewesh, 2020) were used. Results showed that POCS and OCS have acceptable convergent validity whereas POCS and anxiety, conduct and depression have satisfactory discriminant validity. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient is 0.89. POCS-SF with 24 items and three subscales namely obsessions, compulsions, and relational impairments has been found to be a valid and reliable tool which can be applied safely in pregnant women to screen them for Obsessive Compulsive symptoms in gynecological and psychiatric settings of Pakistani hospitals. Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Education.
PUBLIC PERSPECTIVE ABOUT PARTY IDENTIFICATION IN PESHAWAR VALLEY, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Political Science, and International Relations,  University of Gujrat, Pakistan, Zaman Adil , Mushtaq Muhammad ,   Department of Political Science and International Relations,  University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Published: September 2022

The party identification of individuals is influenced by various factors. The two models of party identification i.e., the expressive model and the instrumental model signify the long-term and short-term socio-political factors respectively. The study hypothesizes that the long-term factors i.e., family socializing factor, peer group, and religious group affiliation significantly affect the party identification of the individuals in Peshawar valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The study is based on an in-person survey conducted for the Ph.D. studies from February to April 2021. A total of 1196 responses were documented out of a total of 1500 questionnaires distributed. The study investigated the public perspective based on long-term factors such as family socialization, peer group affiliation, and religious group affiliation in affecting party identification by determining the frequencies and percentages of responses using statistical tools and descriptive statistics. The correlation and the association are also investigated by applying specific statistical tools. The analysis of the public perspective regarding the role of family socializing factor, per group factor, and religious group affiliation indicate the close contiguity of the individuals with these factors and their influence on party identification behavior of the individuals in a political party system in Peshawar valley of KP province of Pakistan. The Kendall tau_b and chi-square tests of the correlations and association of the family socializing factor, peer group factor, and religious group affiliation with party identification further confirm the correlation and association of these factors with party identification, which confirm the significant influence. Keywords: Party identification, Peshawar valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Expressive party identification, Family socializing factor, peer group, religious group affiliation, Politics of Pakistan
Pregnant Women’s Awareness of Transmission Mode of Covid-19, and Interactions with the Victims of the Disease in South-South Nigeria
Authors: E.N. Chiejina , L.C. Odikpo
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is a communicable disease. Awareness of the mode of transmission by the masses could increase compliance with the precautionary measures by the masses. Hence, this study was carried out to determine pregnant women’s awareness of the transmission mode of COVID-19 and interactions with the victims of the disease in South-South Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional research design. Out of the six States (Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-River, Delta, Edo and Rivers) that constitute South-South Nigeria, multistage sampling technique was used to select 144 pregnant women from the primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities in Edo State. The instrument used for data collection was Questionnaire on Pregnant Women’s Perception of Coronavirus Pandemic (QPWPCP). The reliability of the instrument was conducted using an internal consistency test for reliability. The Cronbach Alpha yielded a coefficient of 0.711. Data collected were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean and Spearman Rank Order correlation. The result showed that 77.1% of the respondents indicated awareness of mode of transmission of COVID-19, 69.4% indicated that COVID-19 victims should not be stigmatized and 91% were of the opinion that COVID-19 victims will survive with treatment. Significant relationship was observed between awareness of transmission mode of COVID-19 among the pregnant women and interaction with people with COVID-19: rho = - 0.221; p-value = 0.008. Healthcare providers should intensify campaigns to create awareness about mode of transmission of Coronavirus infection and the need for the populace to sustain the preventive measures.
Religious and Humanistic Principles in African Ethics: Panacea for Overcoming Inhumanity in Contemporary Nigeria
Authors: Datsau Abednego Audu
Published: September 2022

Although humanistic ethical principles are usually seen as secular in nature, yet it is important to note that African humanistic ethical principle is unique when compared to other ethical principles. What makes African humanistic ethical principle to be different from other humanistic ethical principles is that it is an ethical principle that is not separated from religion. The researcher was motivated to carry out this research because, unlike other humanistic ethical principles that are unconnected to religion, African humanistic ethical principle is informed by African Traditional Religion. The aim of this research is to show how understanding the peculiarity of African humanistic ethics will help in solving inhumanity which Africans are passing through. The research achieved the aim through the following objectives: By pointing the relationship between religion and ethics in African Traditional Religions, by showing the place of man in West African religious cosmology, by showing peculiarities of West African Religious ethics, and by showing the peculiarities of African humanism. This is an expository research that is based on existing information. The researcher carried out the research by comparing and contrasting, analyzing and synthesizing secular and African humanistic ethical principles. The research will help people in contemporary Africa to work toward promoting the wellbeing of fellow Africans who are suffering from all forms of inhumanity. The scope of the research is on the religious and humanistic principles in West African ethics. The research has shown that religious and humanistic ethical principles are inseparable in African traditional world view.
Knowledge, Attitude and Prevalence of Postpartum Depression among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinics in Osogbo Local Government, Osun State
Authors: I.T. Ajibade , P.O. Ajibade , S. Kolawole , A. Akinbola , B.C. Nwachukwu
Published: September 2022

Postpartum depression is one of the most common complications that occurs in mothers which has negative effects on the babies whose mothers were affected. The study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of postpartum depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. A multistage sampling technique was used to enroll 250 nursing mothers from the total population using 8 health facilities in the location. Data was collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire which included a standardized tool (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS V21.0. Frequency, chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were used to give statistical responses and associations between the variables. The result of the analysis showed that the prevalence of postpartum depression was 33.6%. Majority (60%) of the respondents had fair knowledge of postpartum depression. More than half (52.4%) of the respondents had a moderate attitude towards postpartum depression. There was no statistically significant association between knowledge, attitude towards postpartum depression and prevalence of postpartum depression. There was a significant association between previous history of postpartum depression, occupation of the spouse and the prevalence of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is known to be a major public health concern for women of reproductive age. The study revealed a high prevalence rate of postpartum depression, it therefore recommended that the government should implement policies and also programs that would promote awareness and early recognition of postpartum depression.
Proficiency in Algebraic Equations as a Predictor of Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: K. Imasuen , O.E. Stanley
Published: September 2022

Mathematics is a tool for achieving educational and economic goals and aims in a nation or society. Thus, being good in mathematics will pave the way to excel in other subjects. Algebra has always been one of the main subjects in mathematics all over the world. This is probably due to the fact that algebra is the door to the extension of complex arithmetic calculations. This study therefore examined proficiency in algebraic equation as predictors of secondary school students’ performance in mathematics in Benin Metropolis. To achieve this, four research questions were raised. The design of this study was survey. The population of the study consisted of all the public junior secondary schools in Benin Metropolis, Edo State. One thousand one hundred and forty (1,140) students from 38 junior secondary schools serve as the sample for the study. The instrument for the data collection was an achievement test constructed by the researcher, which was drawn from past Basic Education Certificate Examination conducted by the National Examination Council for the 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 academic sessions. The validity of the instrument was presumed to have been carried out by the National Examination Council, being an examination body saddled with the responsibility of conducting examinations in Nigeria. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 and it gave the reliability indices of 0.90 and 0.93 respectively. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, two-way Analysis of Variance, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The finding that emerged from the study revealed that the level of students’ proficiency in solving algebraic equations and mathematics was low. A significant relationship existed between proficiency in solving algebraic equations and students’ performance in mathematics, and sex was not a determining factor in students’ proficiency in algebraic equations and performance. It was recommended among others that teachers should ensure that students are well taught using various methods that will promote their comprehension of mathematical concepts.
Examining the Influence of Customer Relationship Management and Innovation Capability on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises: Content Analysis and Partial Least Square Approach
Authors: T.B. Rufina , G. Silas , D. Makrop
Published: September 2022

This study acknowledges the relationships between customer relationship management, innovation capability, and firm performance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research on the direct relationship between customer relationships and firm performance is sparse, particularly in Plateau State. This essay's goal is to investigate these connections. The research design was mixed-method. Data from 10 participants in the field study was collected through one-on-one personal interviews. The data was extracted, categorized, and cross-examined using content analysis. A questionnaire was created for the quantitative method, and information was gathered from 286 owners and managers of SMEs in Plateau State. The partial least square structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. Results from this field research and investigation confirmed these connections, contributed to the body of literature, and showed that innovative capability mediates the relationship between CRM and SME performance and that there is a direct correlation between CRM and SME performance, SME performance, and innovation capability. We contextualize our contribution to theory and practice in this work.
Corporate Governance Characteristics and Firm Value of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Ebimobowei Appah
Published: September 2022

The degree of corporate and market procedures, lack transparency, distortions and poor corporate practices which results in corporate failures and abysmal corporate financial performance negatively influence corporate objectives. Hence, this study investigated the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on the value of deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2010 to 2020. The specific objectives include investigating the relationship between board size and Tobin q; evaluating the relationship between board independence and Tobin q; determining the relationship between board ownership and Tobin q; investigating the effect of gender diversity on Tobin q and evaluating the relationship between board meetings and Tobin q. The study population consisted of all deposit money banks and the Taro Yamene method of sample size determination was applied. The secondary data for the study was from the published financial statements of sampled banks for the period after the validity and reliability test of data. The data obtained were tested using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results from the multiple regression results disclosed that board independence, the board size, ownership structure, gender diversity and board meetings positively and significantly influence the value of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study concluded that corporate governance attributes positively and significantly affect the value of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study made several recommendations amongst others that board sizes should be enhanced as this allows for the appropriate combination of directors. A large board increases the chance of directors having appropriate knowledge, skill and networks. The knowledge, skill and networks of directors may increase the financial performance of an organisation. Also, deposit money banks in Nigeria should have non-executive directors who act as professional advisers to ensure that competition among insiders encourages measures consistent with the maximisation of shareholder value. Hence, the implication of this study provides that the implementation of corporate governance characteristics enhances the value of firms in deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Service Quality Delivery and Customer Patronage of Deposit Money Banks in Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Authors: B.A. Renner , J.C. Ezekiel-Hart
Published: September 2022

The study, drawing from its conceptual framework, examined two (2) objectives, addressed two (2) research questions and tested four (4) hypotheses. The population of the study comprised 22 registered deposit money banks in Rivers State through the Central Bank of Nigeria. Given a population of 22 banks, which is less than thirty (30), the study adopted a census approach and undertook a study of the entire 22 banks with a focus on the. To generate data for the study, two hundred and twenty (220) copies of questionnaires were given to the twenty-two registered banks in the frame of ten (10) copies per bank. The data collected for this study were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation Technique was employed to test the various hypotheses formulated through the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result of the findings showed a significant relationship between service quality delivery and customer patronage of deposit money banks in Port Harcourt. The study therefore concluded that effective service quality delivery is a panacea for customer patronage. The study recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria, particularly those in Rivers State, should be responsive in terms of their service delivery as it would enhance customer patronage.
About Solvents Used in Laboratory Analyses
Authors: Ермолаев Сергей Вячеславович
Published: September 2022

При спектральных анализах в ультрафиолетовом (УФ) (200-400 нм) и инфракрасном (ИК) спектрах к чистоте анализируемых продуктов и, вследствие этого, к используемым растворителям предъявляются высокие требования. Описаны методы очистки растворителей дистиллированной воды, этилового спирта, пиридина и сорбента активного угля. Приведены спектры: дистиллированной воды, очищенной с KMnO4 и на катионите АВ-17-2П; этилового спирта до и после его очистки кипячением над NaOH. В дистиллированную воду добавляли перманганат калия, повторно перегоняли, обессоливали на катионите и анионите. Перед применением воду нагревали для удаления растворенного воздуха. После чего в такой воде есть незначительное светопоглощение при длине волны 205-270 нм и выше 700 нм. Дистиллят промышленного этанола после обработки обладал высокой прозрачностью в ультрафиолетовой части спектра. Примеси проявили оптическую активность при длине волн менее 240 нм. Пиридин, использованный в качестве экстрагента красящих веществ, после обработки оксидом бария фракционировали перегонкой. Активный уголь для очистки кипятили в воде. Дана рекомендация дополнительного очищения растворителей и сорбента, используемых при спектрофотометрических анализах.

In spectral analyses in the ultraviolet (UV) (200-400 nm) and infrared (IR) spectra, high requirements are placed on the purity of the analyzed products and, consequently, on the solvents used. Methods of purification of distilled water solvents, ethyl alcohol, pyridine and activated carbon sorbent are described. The spectra are given: distilled water purified with KMnO4 and on AB-17-2P cationite; ethyl alcohol before and after its purification by boiling over NaOH. Potassium permanganate was added to distilled water, re-distilled, desalted on cationite and anionite. Before use, the water was heated to remove dissolved air. After that, there is a slight light absorption in such water at a wavelength of 205-270 nm and above 700 nm. Distillate of industrial ethanol after processing had high transparency in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. The impurities showed optical activity at wavelengths less than 240 nm. Pyridine, which we used as an extractant of coloring substances, was fractionated by distillation after treatment with barium oxide. Activated carbon for purification was boiled in water. The recommendation of additional purification of solvents and sorbent used in spectrophotometric analyses is given.
Improving the Heat Transfer using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Suspended in Water Flow through Circular Tube
Authors: Hussain Hamed J.
Published: September 2022

The new class of pressure drop and heat transfer enhancement through pipes and heat exchangers is defined a nano-fluid. The applications of this process are the cooling of oil inside heat exchanger and the flow of oil into the pipe line. In this work, the prediction of heat transfers and friction factor in a heated tube is studied. ANSYS software of CFD simulation through the geometrical problem undertaken was utilized. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles suspended in pure water has been adopted to flow through the test rig under ranges of nanoparticles mass concentrations and Reynolds number 1% to 4% and 4000 to 10000 respectively. The numerical results show that the friction factor and heat transfer enhancement increase as increase of nanoparticles mass concentrations 23% and 4% respectively. Additionally, the heat transfer is increased and the friction factor is decreased as increase of Reynolds number. It was concluded that Nusselt number increases due to add the solid nanoparticles to the water but slightly increases of pumping power. This obtained results are validated with the available data in the literature.
Non-Productive Time Reduction during Oil Wells Drilling Operations
Authors: Assi Amel
Published: September 2022

Often there is no well drilling without problems. The solution lies in managing and evaluating these problems and developing strategies to manage and scale them. Non-productive time (NPT) is one of the main causes of delayed drilling operations. Many events or possibilities can lead to a halt in drilling operations or a marginal decrease in the advancement of drilling, this is called (NPT). Reducing NPT has an important impact on the total expenditure, time and cost are considered one of the most important success factors in the oil industry. In other words, steps must be taken to investigate and eliminate loss of time, that is, unproductive time in the drilling rig in order to save time and cost and reduce wasted time. The data of six oil wells were approved for the purpose of the study, where it was noted that there are many factors affecting the NPT, which differ from one well to another. Its impact was limited to drilling rig, mud pump and equipment failure. There is also a difference between the planned program and what is actually happening on the ground, due to several reasons, including human errors during the implementation of the drilling program and others due to technical errors, Misuse of equipment, in addition to human errors related to the failure to implement the drilling program.
Characterization of Structural Geology of Faihaa Oilfield, Southern Iraq
Authors: Lazim Aymen , Khazaal Huda F. , Swadi Madhi A.R.
Published: September 2022

Faihaa Oilfield is a new exploration Iraqi Oilfield located in southern Iraq and within Mesopotamian Plain, including the Block 9 exploration area, along the Iraqi-Iranian border. The study area included Faihaa Oilfield (in Iraq) and Yadavaran Oilfield (in Iran). They belong to one anticline (Dome) structure separated by the Iraqi-Iranian border, without a geological boundary between the fields. The current study aims to achieve structural geology analysis to the study area (Faihaa/Yadavaran structure). The structural analysis included geometric and genetic analyses of the study area. According to geometric and genetic analyses results, the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is classified as an anticline, gentle, upright, non-plunge, and asymmetrical. According to thickness variation, there are two types of formations’ folds are recognized, Thickened and Supratenuous fold generated by two folding mechanisms bending and buckle mechanisms. Bending form Supratenuous fold, perhaps due to the vertical uplift of salt structure and/or basement faults, while buckle produces Thickened fold because of the parallel tectonic movement causes collision between Arabian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Consequently, a special strain pattern was formed and the reservoir quality in the crest of Mishrif and Yamama Formations was the best. The fold axis of the Faihaa/Yadavaran structure has a Boomerang shape, whereas it is almost straight from south to the center of the structure, then tends to the NW with different deviations over the study area formations. This direction may be due to the anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian Plate motion. The results of geometric and genetic analyses revealed that may be Faihaa/Yadavaran structure is one structural trap formed by tectonic activities; Hormuz salt structures, reactivated Basement faults, and Collision between Arabian and Eurasian Plates. The intensity of the tectonic activities of the study area maybe be less than surrounding Oilfields, therefore, the Faihaa Oilfield formation's depth was deeper than adjacent Oilfields.
The Structural and Stress Analysis of Hemrin North Structure, North of Iraq.
Authors: Al-baldawi Buraq A. H. , AL-Hachem Atheer E.K.
Published: September 2022

The study focused on the results of first paleostress from thrust fault slip data on Tertiary age of Hemrin North Structure, North of Iraq. The stress inversion was performed for fault slip data using an improved right dihedral model, and then followed by rotational optimization (Georient Software). The trend of the principal stress axes (σ1, σ2 and σ3) and the ratio of the principal stress differences (R) show the main paleostress field is NE-SW compression regime. As well as using Lisle graph and Mohr diagram to determine the magnitudes of palestress.  The values paleostress of the study area were σ1=1430 bars, σ2=632 bars and σ3=166 bar. The large magnitudes of the primary stress axes could be attributed to active tectonic processes that caused pre-Tertiary deformation.
Distribution of Petrophysical Properties Based on Conceptual Facies Model, Mishrif Reservoir/South of Iraq
Authors: Hamd-Allah Samira Mohammed , Abbas Osamah Shareef , Dhaidan Mohammed K.
Published: September 2022

A 3D geological model is an essential step to reveal reservoir heterogeneity and reservoir properties distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional geological model for the Mishrif reservoir was built based on data obtained from seven wells and core data. The methodology includes building a 3D grid and populating it with petrophysical properties such as (facies, porosity, water saturation, and net to gross ratio). The structural model was built based on a base contour map obtained from 2D seismic interpretation along with well tops from seven wells. A simple grid method was used to build the structural framework with 234x278x91 grid cells in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, with lengths equal to 150 meters. The total number of grids is (5919732) in the geological model. CPI (computer-processed interpretation) for 7 wells contain (facies, porosity, water saturation, and NTG) was imported to Petrel 2016 software. Facies log was upscaled and distributed along the 3D grid. Truncated Gaussian with trend method was used to distribute the facies taking into account the conceptual facies model of the Mishrif formation. The result shows that the trend of sedimentation suggests a retrogradation pattern from NW to SE. Facies1 (Reservoir), dominated by Limestone brown to light brown, with oil shows has good distribution within the area and thinning towards the NW. The petrophysical properties (porosity, water saturation, NTG, and permeability) were distributed using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SIS) method and the facies model as a guide for distribution.

The results show that petrophysical properties enhanced in the southeast area, representing the reef region compared to the northwest side of the study area. Unit Mishrif B had the highest porosity value and lower water saturation value along the entire field. While the units Mishrif B1, B2, and B3 show a gradual decrease in reservoir properties towards the field's southeast side. The results also show that the conceptual facies model has great benefit in constructing the 3D geological model, reflecting the geological knowledge used to correctly distribute the reservoir properties (porosity and water saturation).
Iraq Crude Oil Exports – April, May, June/ 2020
Authors: SOMO Ministry of Oil - Oil Marketing Company
Published: September 2022

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – April 2020Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – May 2020Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – June 2020
Masal ve Efsanelerde Yaşlıların Öldürülmesi Motifi
Authors: YILMAZ Bora
Published: September 2022

Yaşlıların öldürülmesi, uzun zamandır bilim çevrelerinin tartıştığı, bilim insanlarının bir kısmının da kabul ettiği bir olgudur. Söz konusu olgu, günümüzde “ötanazi”nin bir çeşidi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dünyanın çeşitli yerlerinden derlenen sözlü kültür ürünlerinde yaşlıların öldürülmesi motifiyle, bu motifin pek çok varyantıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu motif Avrupa’dan Asya’ya, Afrika’nın bir bölümüne kadar yayılmış durumdadır. Motifin Türk anlatılarında az da olsa kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Yaşlıların öldürülmesi, halk anlatılarında çok farklı şekillerde yer alabilmektedir. Yaşlıların öldürülmesi motifinin bulunduğu efsane ve masallarda, geleneklerin sürdürülmesi ve son bulması ekseninde anlatımın kurulduğu görülmektedir. Makalede; bireyin gelenek ve kendisi arasında kalması durumu, halk anlatılarında yaşlıların öldürülmesi motifi üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Bu motifin dünya anlatılarında çeşitli varyantları olduğu belirtilmekte, bunların mukayesesi yapılmaktadır. Varyantların ortaya çıkış sebepleri, yaşlıların toplum içindeki rolü, yaşlanan insanların neden ölmesinin istendiği halk anlatılarındaki şekilleriyle ifade edilmektedir. Anlatılarda yaşlıların geleneklere bağlı olarak öldürülmesi, bir süre sonra bir kişinin bu geleneğe açık ya da gizli şekilde karşı gelerek sürekliliği etkilemesi, yaşlıların öldürülmesi geleneğinin ortadan kalkmasındaki rolü ele alınmaktadır. Bireyin öldürmeye dair eğilimleri, halkın bu eğilimlerdeki rolü, yaşlı bireylerin geleneklere bağlı kalmak adına ölümü kabul etmesi makalede sosyal ve psikolojik açıdan analiz edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Makale, dünya halklarının ve özelinde insanın düşüncesinin, anlatılardaki yansımalarına küçük de olsa bir ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.
The Methodology of Sheikh ‘Abdul Hayye al-Fārūqī and His Contemporary Approach to His Urdu Exegesis “Dars-e Qurān”: A Critical Appreciation
Authors: Abbas Kaleem , Nadeem Dr. Muhammad Tayyab , Farooq Dr. Hafiz Shuaib
Published: September 2022

Sheikh ‘Abd al-Hayye al-Fārūqī (1887-1965) was determined to address human beings through the oral lectures and the academic writings. According to him, a person cannot explain the religion and its significant features except through the Holy Qurān, and the entity of the Islamic movement cannot be established except by directly benefiting from the Holy Book which revealed to guide people.  Therefore, Sheikh “Abdul Hayye al-Fārūqī (late) felt the need for an interpretation that includes clarification of Islamic rulings and beliefs with the explanation of the words of al-Qurān and their clarification of meanings in the easy Urdu language for the common people. “Dars-e Qurān” of al-Fārūqī seems a significant contribution to the Qurānic exegesis in Indo-Pak Sub-Continent in Urdu language and it needs to be explored in terms of its method and relevance to our times. This paper explores its contemporary relevance and analyzes with critical appreciation.
The phenomenon of place in the poetry contrasts
Authors: Shahida Dr. Salma , Ullah Dr. Hayat
Published: September 2022

The majority of literary genres in prose are related to the pledge of time and place, so the narration is linked to a specific time in which the events take place within the coordinates of a place, it may be confined to a house or an alley, and it may expand to include different cities, villages and countries, the importance of place in the literary genres could be understand from being an active element in the literary template as it directly affects the representations of the characters of the literary work, and adds an aura of its color to the path of their lives, thus the artistic image of the literary work becomes completed. Place / site in the language has several meanings, including what came in Al-Ain: Site is a place for the being of a thin in it, Abu Mansur said (place and position are in the same meaning). The place is the dwelling containing anything. We also know that the concept of the word (place) has been associated with the location in which people and others spend their lives. In the light of this concept, the Arab sources unanimously agreed that the locus and the plural are places, as mentioned previously. Contradictions: the collection of an antithesis of the invalidation in the construction, which is the demolition, and in the rope, meaning its dissolution, and in the covenant in the sense of not concluding it, the contradiction literally means: to speak in a way that contradicts its meaning, that is, contradicts, and contradicts it in something contradictory or disagrees with it. The antithesis in poetry is for a poet to say a poem in which he speaks to another poet, who obeys him and his people, and is proud of himself and his righteousness, then the other poet answers him with a poem, contradicting what the first came with - or more of the meanings and pictures he brought, adding to it from his side more pride and spelling all That is with the intent to spoil the meaning of the first or explain it to his own interest or the interest of his tribe, and the second poet may go beyond the response to the words of the first and contradict it in the same meaning to general spelling and public pride, then the revocation takes place on the basis of the contrast between satire, satire, pride and pride and in any case the poem of the other poet does not acquire the name Contradiction unless he adheres to the subject that the first poet dealt with by weight and rhyme on which he built his poem, and the first is called antithesis in the sense of contradictory, meaning that the first - in the order of saying - is a subject, in the sense of an operative, and the second is an antithesis in the sense of a contradictory one, so it is verbal, in the sense of an actor. The creative attitude between the two poets, in terms of freedom to choose the subject, weight, rhyme, meanings and emotional gathering.
The Efforts of Ulma for the Ilm e Qiraat, &Tajweed in the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Ahmed Dr. Muneer , Khoso Dr. Aijaz Ali , Hammad Muhammad
Published: September 2022

The Ilm e Qiraat and Tajweed is not an innovation on the Arabic tongue, as the Arabs knew this, so it was scattered, fluctuating, appearing, stretching, shortening, faltering, and whispering, but this was not in a coordinated and decisive face, and it was scattered in its logic scattered in its languages ​​until the intonation took its final form. In the recitation of the Quran, and the science of intonation is only taken by listening and verbally, as it is an audio-researched science. The relationship of the science of Ilm e Qiraat and the Quranic readings that was revealed according to the dialects and languages ​​of the Arabs with the science of phonetics cannot be ignored. That is from the scientific obligation to say that the reading of the Quran is revealed from God, and that is why the science of reciting the Quran and the ten recitations, i.e. improving the reading and making it good, and the investigations of the science of recitation and the ten recitation, which is knowing the exits of the letters and knowing the different qualities and conditions for each letter of the alphabet and the rulings of each letter, arose. in each setting. This reading was called an investigation because the reader and listener verify the sound of the letter in it while adjusting it with its inflectional vowels.
The Reflection of the Spiritual Tradition in Pashtu Folklore: A study of Poetic Genre “Kakarai Ghardi
Authors: Kakar Dr. Barkat Shah , Kakar Abdul Samad , Samiullah Samiullah
Published: September 2022

Traditional societies in all over the world carry a great sum of knowledge and wisdom which is constructed in the course of cultural process which is seldom heard and least understood. Folk forms of poetics and prose expressions are sole repositories of these societies which helps researchers, ethnographers, and cultural anthropologists to reconstruct an image of these societies which primarily rely on oral tradition. The folkloric genre of Pashto accumulates unprecedented texts and contexts to be unearthed. The most pervasive folkloric genres like Tappa, Sandara, Kakarai Ghardi, Char-Baita, Sarwakai, Loba, Da Attan Narey, Balandai, Mathnavis and several others have rich contents to unpack the popular notions of spirituality and people’s sense of religion and divinity.   In order to study a unit of the Pashto folklore, this paper is taking on the Kakarai Ghari, a genre specifically created by the ordinary men and women in Northern Balochsitan predominantly inhabited by Pashtuns. The paper analyzes some selective couplets of Kakarai Ghari which carries the themes of people’s faith in God, their affiliation and aspiration from the divine omens, metaphors, symbols and particularly their association and love for the Almighty Allah, his prophet Muhammd (P.B.U.H) and Sufi saints of the locale.
The Reality of Magic in the Light of Qur'an and Hadith (A Research Review)
Authors: Nazir Dr. Yasmin , Saif Syeda Madiha , Khan Dr. Muhammad Muavia
Published: September 2022

Magic is the art of bringing unnatural manifestations of events. This knowledge has been entering the faith of every age and every nation. It is essential for every Muslim to be aware of the reality of magic. Magic is an ancient science in the world of science. From the very beginning of creation, its existence and evidence has been found in human society. Infidelity is influenced by satanic forces through words and actions. Because of this, not only the common man but also the messengers of Allah Almighty used to be affected. Women are often the most affected by magic because Allah Almighty has made women weak and less tolerant, due to which the atrocities against them or the incidents against their temperament are very much on their minds. She puts pressure on him and leaves his patience and goes to the priest's door. The number of men is generally less than that of women. The short story is that witchcraft is one of the major sins in Islam and this article contains an overview of the reality of magic and its effects. In this article, the introduction of magic has been clarified in the light of Qur'an and Sunnah and also the magic on the Holy Prophet has been mentioned. The scholars have clarified the difference between the reality of magic and its relation and the form of the jinn and the reality of the priesthood has been brought to the fore.
An Overview of the Effects and the Discussion of Sirah in the Sermons of Hazrat Imam Hassan (RA)
Authors: Munawar Hifsa , Najam Barvi Dr. Muhammad Ramzan
Published: September 2022

A lot of people have been mentioned in Quran and Allah Almighty has blessed them with the ability of  Oration .The Quran has addressed such men as  "the men of strength " and  "men of vision ".These  "men of vision " are known as Khulfa –e-Rashdeen. Hazrat Imam Hassan (RA)  is the one to complete the series of Khulfa-e-Rashdeen.Like the Khulfa-e-Rashdeen Hazrat Imam Hassan (RA) guided the people through his sermons. These sermons contain guidance for self analysis. His sermons are a beacon and a ray of guidance for every individual of the human race. His sermons are a collection of discourses that were required by the circumstances but at the same time are a great and valuable treasure of Seerat-e-Taiba (SAW) discourses. The essence of his speech impressed many people. That is why the desired result of his speech came to light very soon. People accepted its effect and a reformed society was established. In this time, the study of sermons of Imam Hassan (RA) is also important because through these sermons the message of Prophet (SAW) may conveyed get to the people and a peaceful society may be established.