bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BACIA DO RIO TRÊS HENRIQUES – SÃO JOSÉ: DIAGNÓSTICO E PROPOSTA DE MELHORIAS
Authors: Weber Hellen Luana , Silva Lucas Gonçalves , Ezírio Maria Júlia , Henkes Jairo Afonso
Published: July 2020

A bacia hidrográfica é uma unidade geográfica natural associada com frequência aos estudos ambientais urbanos, pois consiste em uma área de captação de água precipitada, composta por divisores de água, uma superfície de captação e uma rede de drenagem que coincide com o principal canal de drenagem. É necessário reconhecer a relação entre política ambiental e recursos hídricos presentes na legislação nacional, sobretudo, na integração entre a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente (PNMA), instituída pela Lei Federal nº 6.938/81, e a Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, Lei nº 9.433/1997, além de instrumentos de ordenamento territorial urbano, como o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PDDU), que é instituído como instrumento de gerenciamento e planejamento urbano na Lei Federal nº 10.257/2001.  Peixoto et al. (2016) apontaram a integração dessas disposições como uma necessidade de implementar políticas sobre as águas urbanas e seu gerenciamento efetivo. Antes de tudo, é necessário fortalecer políticas estaduais e comunitárias que complementam e definem políticas sobre recursos hídricos e uso e planejamento de áreas urbanas.
Impact of different surgical protocols on dental development in oro-facial cleft children
Authors: Guagnano Rosa , Romano Federica , Pepe Ernesto , Defabianis Patrizia
Published: July 2020

Aim: To determine the association between dental anomalies and type of facial cleft, gender, ethnicity and timing of hard palate repair surgery. Methods: This observational study comprised a total of 85 non-syndromic cleft children (mean age 9.7 ± 3.2 years) of different ethnicity (68 Caucasians, 7 Asians, 4 Africans, 5 Hispanics and 1 Indian). Sixty-four patients were affected by lip palate cleft, 11 by lip alveolus cleft and 10 by palate cleft. Sixty-one children underwent delayed palate repair at 4.3 years of age, while 21 underwent early palate periosteoplasty at 7.2 months of age. Patients were examined clinically and radiologically to assess dental anomalies. Dental cavities were registered using dmft/DMFT indexes in primary and permanent dentition, while enamel defects were evaluated only in permanent teeth using Aine index. Results: Tooth rotation and agenesis were the most common tooth anomalies affecting 59% and 42.2% of cleft patients, respectively. While a late closure of the cleft palate was associated with a higher number of rotations (P = 0.03), an early surgical correction was associated to a higher frequency of tooth agenesis (P = 0.02), number of carious lesions in primary dentition (P = 0.002) and more severe enamel defects in permanent teeth (P < 0.01). A late palate repair increased 3.5 times the likelihood of having at least one rotated tooth (P = 0.034), while decreased the odds of having agenesis by 70% (P = 0.029) compared to an early surgical repair. Conclusion: Early surgical approaches seem to have more detrimental effects on dental development in both primary and permanent dentition than late surgical protocols. Dental abnormalities in cleft patients have complex etiology combining genetic and external factors and their prevalence can also depend on timing of hard palate surgery.
Olecranon bone grafting for the treatment of nonunion after distal finger replantation
Authors: Ercin Burak Sercan , Kabakas Fatih , Keles Musa Kemal , Ozcelik Ismail Bulent , Mersa Berkan
Published: July 2020

Aim: Although not very popular, the olecranon bone graft is a useful option for this type of operation due to the minimal donor morbidity and its ease of use in small bone defect reconstruction and non-union therapy. To our best knowledge, few studies have evaluated the use of the olecranon bone graft as a treatment for non-union after distal finger replantation. Our aim in this report was to present our experience of using olecranon grafts in our nonunion patients undergoing distal replantations. Methods: Between 2013 and 2019, a total of 14 patients who developed nonunion or had segmental bone defects due to the injury were included in the study. Retrospectively the results were analyzed in terms of complication and union rates. Results: The mean follow-up period was 37 months (range 8-72 months). No major complications were seen in the donor region or recipient regions. One patient developed necrosis in the nail bed and one patient had a hematoma in the donor site. The minor complications were solved without any problem. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found the olecranon bone grafting for the treatment of nonunion after distal finger replantation is a safe and convenient method. It can be preferred as the first choice for nonunions of distal finger replantations.
Palatabilité et comportement alimentaire chez les ruminants
Authors: BAUMONT R.
Published: July 2020

La palatabilité (ou l’ appétibilité) désigne les caractéristiques de l’aliment qui provoquent la réaction des sens de l’animal. Elle est le corollaire de l’appétit de l’animal pour l’aliment. Lorsqu’un seul aliment est disponible, la palatabilité peut être évaluée par la vitesse d’ingestion au début du repas et non par la quantité ingérée qui intègre en partie les effets post-ingestifs. Toutefois certaines techniques expérimentales permettent de séparer les deux phénomènes. Lorsque plusieurs aliments sont proposés, leur palatabilité est généralement évaluée par des tests de préférence. L’étude du comportement permet d’évaluer la motivation pour l’aliment plutôt que son résultat qui est la quantité ingérée. Les procédures de conditionnement opérant montrent comment l’animal maintient son choix pour un aliment préféré lorsqu’il devient de plus en plus difficile à obtenir. Les caractéristiques physiques de l’aliment (taille des particules, résistance à la cassure, teneur en matière sèche, hauteur et densité du couvert végétal...) participent à la réponse des sens. Elles influencent la facilité de préhension et de mastication et les animaux préfèrent généralement les aliments dont la forme physique permet une ingestion rapide. Le goût et l’odeur sont considérés comme des déterminants importants de la palatabilité, mais leurs effets sont difficiles à mesurer car ils dépendent de la technique expérimentale utilisée. La plupart des études sur la palatabilité sont réalisées à court terme (quelques minutes ou quelques heures). A plus long terme (plusieurs jours ou semaines) les préférences alimentaires semblent généralement être associées à des modifications digestives. Les animaux associent par apprentissage les effets post-ingestifs de l’aliment avec ses caractéristiques sensorielles. Les ruminants développent généralement des préférences pour les aliments qui leur permettent d’atteindre rapidement un état de satiété élevé. Ainsi la palatabilité mesurée par la réponse des sens à l’aliment intègre sa valeur nutritive. Cependant, pour une valeur nutritive donnée, les propriétés sensorielles intrinsèques de l’aliment peuvent stimuler plus ou moins un comportement alimentaire de nature hédonique, surtout dans les situations de choix et pour les animaux à faibles niveaux de productions. En première approche, la valeur hédonique de l’aliment peut être assimilée à la différence entre la quantité ingérée observée et celle prévue à partir de sa valeur nutritive.
Détermination des marges de manoeuvre des élevages à partir de la mesure des inefficacités
Authors: PIOT-LEPETIT I. , RAINELLI P.
Published: July 2020

Après une brève revue de la littérature économique sur la notion d’efficacité et sur son intérêt pour la gestion, cet article définit l’inefficacité technique comme la distance séparant tout niveau de production observé du niveau optimal qui serait obtenu si tous les intrants étaient utilisés de manière techniquement efficace. L’utilisation d’une méthodologie non paramétrique, appelée Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), basée sur des techniques de programmation linéaire, permet la mesure de l’efficacité technique de trois échantillons du RICA (Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole) pour l’année 1991 de producteurs de porcs ayant des orientations différentes : porcs seuls, porcs et herbivores ou granivores (porcs et volailles). Les premiers résultats attribuent une plus grande efficacité moyenne aux producteurs de porcs. Ces derniers sont en général moins âgés et mieux formés que les producteurs des deux autres groupes. Ce résultat apparaît lié à la plus grande homogénéité des techniques de production mises en oeuvre et à la prépondérance des facteurs variables par rapport aux facteurs fixes dans le processus de production. Pour les producteurs d’herbivores, les plus et les moins efficaces ont plutôt une orientation laitière. La différence de performance s’explique par une meilleure utilisation des consommations intermédiaires chez les plus efficaces. Enfin, le groupe de producteurs de granivores se rapproche de celui des éleveurs de porcs mais présente des caractéristiques moins marquées. Sur un plan environnemental, une compatibilité entre amélioration de l’efficacité technique et réduction des rejets azotés semble possible seulement chez les éleveurs d’herbivores et de granivores. Quant aux marges de manoeuvre pour améliorer l’efficacité technique des producteurs, elles concernent à court terme principalement les charges liées à l’activité de production de végétaux et à plus long terme le facteur terre pour les exploitations hors sol et le matériel pour celles élevant des herbivores. Enfin, la mesure de l’efficacité d’échelle met en évidence des possibilités d’économies de coût suite à une modification de l’échelle de production pour plus de 52 % des élevages quel que soit l’échantillon considéré.
A Quadruped Robot with the Wooden Body for Static Locomotion in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal , Khan Ahmad Kamal
Published: July 2020

We present the design and overall development of an eight degrees of freedom (DOF) based Bioinspired Quadruped Robot (BiQR). The robot is designed with a skeleton made of cedar wood. The wooden skeleton is based on exploring the potential of cedar wood to be a choice for legged robots’ design. With a total weight of 1.19 kg, the robot uses eight servo motors that run the position control. Relying on the inverse kinematics, the control design enables the robot to perform the walk gait-based locomotion in a controlled environment. The robot has two main aspects: 1) the initial wooden skeleton development of the robot showing it to be an acceptable choice for robot design, 2) the robot’s applicability as a low-cost legged platform to test the locomotion in a laboratory or a classroom setting.
Enhancing Mouth-based Emotion Recognition using Transfer Learning
Authors: Franzoni Valentina , Biondi Giulio , Perri Damiano , Gervasi Osvaldo
Published: July 2020

The paper concludes the first research on mouth-based Emotion Recognition (ER), adopting a Transfer Learning (TL) approach. Transfer Learning results paramount for mouth-based emotion ER, because a few data sets are available, and most of them include emotional expressions simulated by actors, instead of adopting a real-world categorization. Using TL we can use fewer training data than training a whole network from scratch, thus more efficiently fine-tuning the network with emotional data and improving the convolutional neural network accuracy in the desired domain. The proposed approach aims at improving the Emotion Recognition dynamically, taking into account not only new scenarios but also modified situations with respect to the initial training phase, because the image of the mouth can be available even when the whole face is visible only in an unfavourable perspective.
Typical applications include automated supervision of bedridden critical patients in an healthcare management environment, or portable applications supporting disabled users having difficulties in seeing or recognizing facial emotions. This work takes advantage from previous preliminary works on mouth-based emotion recognition using CNN deep-learning, and has the further benefit of testing and comparing a set of networks on large data sets for face-based emotion recognition well known in literature. The final result is not directly comparable with works on full-face ER, but valorizes the significance of mouth in emotion recognition, obtaining consistent performances on the visual emotion recognition domain.
Daily Life Benefits and Usage Characteristics of Dynamic Arm Supports in Subjects with Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Essers Johannes , Murgia Alessio , Peters Anneliek , Meijer Kenneth
Published: July 2020

Neuromuscular disorders cause progressive muscular weakness, which limits upper extremity mobility and performance during activities of daily life. A dynamic arm support can improve mobility and quality of life. However, their use is often discontinued over time for unclear reasons. This study aimed to evaluate whether users of dynamic arm supports demonstrate and perceive quantifiable mobility benefits over a period of two months. Nine users of dynamic arm supports were included in this observational study. They had different neuromuscular disorders and collectively used four different arm supports. They were observed for three consecutive weeks during which they were equipped with a multi-sensor network of accelerometers to assess the actual use of the arm support and they were asked to provide self-reports on the perceived benefits of the devices. Benefits were experienced mainly during anti-gravity activities and the measured use did not change over time. The self-reports provided contextual information in domains such as participation to social life, in addition to the sensor system. However self-reports overestimated the actual use by up to three-fold compared to the accelerometer measures. A combination of objective and subjective methods is recommended for meaningful and quantifiable mobility benefits during activities of daily life.
Study of Rayleigh Taylor Instability with the Help of CFD Simulation
Authors: Saha Indrashis
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to simulate a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem using the classical method of Finite Element analysis of a multiphase model using ANSYS FLUENT 19.2. The governing equations consist of a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for conservation of mass, momentum and phase transport equations. The study focuses on the transient state simulation of Rayleigh Taylor waves and subsequent turbulent mixing in the two phases incorporated in the model. The Rayleigh Taylor instability is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid in a gravitational field. The problem was governed by the Navier-Stokes and Cahn-Hilliard equations in a primitive variable formulation. The Cahn- Hilliard equations were used to capture the interface between two fluids systems. The objective of this article is to perform grid dependency test on Rayleigh Taylor Instability for 2 different mesh size and compare the results for the variation in Atwood Number. The results were validated with the observations from previous published literatures.
Design of Breakwaters to Minimize Greenwater Loading on Bow Structures of Fixed Floating Vessels
Authors: An Lim Jun , Hannan Mohammed Abdul
Published: July 2020

Greenwater (splashing of water on the deck) loading is a classical problem faced by the designer of ship-shaped vessels, which becomes even worst when the vessel operates at harsh weather conditions for an extended period. Installation of breakwaters on the deck can play a crucial role in minimizing this impact. However, research on the design and optimization of the breakwater is still at its infancy, and this study aims at shedding further light on this area by proposing and analyzing the effectiveness of three breakwater designs on a fixed box-shaped vessel. Commercial CFD software is used for this investigation. However, the design model (without breakwater) was validated at first against experimental results of green water splashing, before performing the actual simulations with proposed breakwater design. A vertical plate is used as the deck structure, and greenwater pressure at several locations on that plate is measured to compare the effectiveness of various breakwater designs. Overall, breakwaters with openings (perforations, grillages etc.) found to be more effective in minimizing the pressure generated by the greenwater. Nevertheless, there are significant rooms for improvement on breakwater designs, and some topics for further research are also suggested in this regard.
Batch Scheduling on a Single Machine with Maintenance Interval
Authors: Honglin Zhang , Qian Bin , Wu Yaohua
Published: July 2020

In the manufacturing industry, orders are typically scheduled and delivered through batches, and the probability of machine failure under high-load operation is high. On this basis, we focus on a single machine batch scheduling problem with a maintenance interval (SMBSP-MI). The studied problem is expressed by three-field representation as 1|B,MI|\sum{F_j+\mu}m, and the optimization objective is to minimize total flow time and delivery costs. Firstly, 1|B,MI|\sum{F_j+\mu}m is proved to be NP-hard by Turing reduction. Secondly, shortest processing time (SPT) order is shown the optimal scheduling of SMBSP-MI, and a dynamic programming algorithm based on SPT (DPA-SPT) with the time complexity of O(n^3T_1) is proposed. A small-scale example is designed to verify the feasibility of DPA-SPT. Finally, DPA-SPT is approximated to a fully-polynomial dynamic programming approximation algorithm based on SPT (FDPAA-SPT) by intervals partitioning technique. The proposed FDPAA-SPT runs in O(\frac{n^5}{\varepsilon^2})\ time with the approximation (1+\varepsilon).
Modeling and Detection of Future Cyber-Enabled DSM Data Attacks
Authors: Hatalis Kostas , Zhao Chengbo , Venkitasubramaniam Parv , Snyder Larry , Kishore Shalinee , Blum Rick S.
Published: July 2020

Demand-Side Management (DSM) is an essential tool to ensure power system reliability and stability. In future smart grids, certain portions of a customer’s load usage could be under the automatic control of a cyber-enabled DSM program, which selectively schedules loads as a function of electricity prices to improve power balance and grid stability. In this scenario, the security of DSM cyberinfrastructure will be critical as advanced metering infrastructure and communication systems are susceptible to cyber-attacks. Such attacks, in the form of false data injections, can manipulate customer load profiles and cause metering chaos and energy losses in the grid. The feedback mechanism between load management on the consumer side and dynamic price schemes employed by independent system operators can further exacerbate attacks. To study how this feedback mechanism may worsen attacks in future cyber-enabled DSM programs, we propose a novel mathematical framework for (i) modeling the nonlinear relationship between load management and real-time pricing, (ii) simulating residential load data and prices, (iii) creating cyber-attacks, and (iv) detecting said attacks. In this framework, we first develop time-series forecasts to model load demand and use them as inputs to an elasticity model for the price-demand relationship in the DSM loop. This work then investigates the behavior of such a feedback loop under intentional cyber-attacks. We simulate and examine load-price data under different DSM-participation levels with three types of random additive attacks: ramp, sudden, and point attacks. We conduct two investigations for the detection of DSM attacks. The first studies a supervised learning approach, with various classification models, and the second studies the performance of parametric and nonparametric change point detectors. Results conclude that higher amounts of DSM participation can exacerbate ramp and sudden attacks leading to better detection of such attacks, especially with supervised learning classifiers. We also find that nonparametric detection outperforms parametric for smaller user pools, and random point attacks are the hardest to detect with any method.
Canonical Set Theory for Classic Mathematics: A Linear Order on Finite Groups and Structures, with a Natural Extension to Infinite Structures
Authors: Ramirez Juan
Published: July 2020

We provide an axiomatic base for the set of natural numbers, that has been proposed as a canonical construction, and use this definition of $\mathbb N$ to find several results on finite group theory. Every finite group $G$, is well represented with a natural number $N_G$; if $N_G=N_H$ then $H,G$ are in the same isomorphism class. We have a linear order on all finite groups, that is well behaved with respect to cardinality. In fact, if $H,G$ are two finite groups such that $|H|=m<n=|G|$, then $H<\mathbb Z_n\leq G$. There is also a canonical order for the elements of $G$ and we can define equivalent objects of $G$. This allows us to find the automorphisms of $G$. The Cayley table of $G$ takes canonical block form, and a minimal set of independent equations that define the group is obtained. We show how to find all groups of order $n$, and order them. Examples are given using all groups with order smaller than $10$. The canonical block form of the symmetry group $\Delta_4$ is given and we find its automorphisms. These results are extended to the infinite case. A real number is an infinite set of natural numbers. A real function is a set of real numbers, and a sequence of real functions $f_1,f_2,\ldots$ is well represented by a set of real numbers, as well. We make brief comments on treating the calculus of real numbers. In general, we represent mathematical objects using the smallest possible data-type. In the last section, mathematical objects are well assigned to tree structures. We conclude with brief comments on type theory and future work on computational and physical aspects of these representations.
Transforming the Adaptation Physiology of Farm Animals through Sensors
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: July 2020

Despite recent scientific advancements, there is a gap in the use of technology to measure signals, behaviors, and processes of adaptation physiology of farm animals. Sensors present exciting opportunities for sustained, real-time, non-intrusive measurement of farm animal behavioral, mental, and physiological parameters with the integration of nanotechnology and instrumentation. This paper critically reviews the sensing technology and sensor data-based models used to explore biological systems such as animal behavior, energy metabolism, epidemiology, immunity, health, and animal reproduction. The use of sensor technology to assess physiological parameters can provide tremendous benefits and tools to overcome and minimize production losses while making positive contributions to animal welfare. Of course, sensor technology is not free from challenges; these devices are at times highly sensitive and prone to damage from dirt, dust, sunlight, colour, fur, feathers, and environmental forces. Rural farmers unfamiliar with the technologies must be convinced and taught to use sensor-based technologies in farming and livestock management. While there is no doubt that demand will grow for non-invasive sensor-based technologies that require minimum contact with animals and can provide remote access to data, their true success lies in the acceptance of these technologies by the livestock industry.
How Does N Mineral Fertilizer Influence the Crop Residue N Credit?
Authors: Ferraz-Almeida Risely , Lopes da Silva Natália , Wendling Beno
Published: July 2020

In no-tillage systems, there is an accumulation of crop residues (CR) which plays an important role in available of soil-N. A study was set up to provide information regarding the CR N credit, and the influence of N mineral fertilizer. An incubation was run in a loam soil with addition of a similar rate of residue (10 Mg ha-1; sugarcane, soybean, and brachiaria) and N mineral fertilizer (urea; 120 kg N ha-1). After the stabilization of biological activity, soil and remaining residues were collected, and N monitored. Results showed that the N credit was positive with application of soybean, sugarcane, and brachiaria. There was an expressive performance of soybean N credit represented by a positive balance, and a reduction from 2.49 to 0.9 g kg-1 of N in residue, with direct increase of 90% of soil-N. There is no need of N fertilizer to potentialize the soybean N credit, but it is requested to potentialize N credit of brachiaria and sugarcane. The urea demonstrated be a good enhancer of brachiaria N credit, but it was not adequate to sugarcane residues. Based in our result, the accumulation and incorporation of CR can be considered as a N credit with positive contribution in soil-N.
Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94): A Novel Regulator of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Production
Authors: Argon Yair , Bresson Sophie E. , Marzec Michal T. , Grimberg Adda
Published: July 2020

Mammals have two insulin-like growth factors (IGF) that are key mediators of somatic growth, of tissue differentiation and cellular responses to stress. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate the bioavailability of IGFs are important in both normal and aberrant development. IGF-I levels are primarily controlled via the growth hormone-IGF axis, in response to nutritional status, and also reflect metabolic diseases and cancer. One mechanism that controls IGF bioavailablity is the binding of circulating IGF to a number of binding proteins that keep IGF in a stable, but receptor non-binding state. But even before IGF is released from the cells that produce it, it undergoes an obligatory association with a ubiquitous chaperone protein, GRP94. This binding is required for secretion of a properly folded, mature IGF. This chapter reviews the known aspects of the interaction and highlights the specificity issues yet to be determined. The IGF-GRP94 interaction provides a potential novel mechanism of idiopathic short stature, involving the obligatory chaperone and not just IGF gene expression. It also provides a novel target for cancer treatment, as GRP94 activity can be either inhibited or enhanced.
Application of Metabolic Engineering Approaches in Enhancing Biological Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: July 2020

Hydrogen is useful as a fuel and could be produced by a variety of means. One approach uses artificial photosynthesis where energy from sunlight powers the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. But, biological methods for producing hydrogen has emerged strongly over the past decades. In particular, specific microorganisms could use different substrates to produce hydrogen at differing yields. Such fundamental discoveries with industrial applications thus motivated the use of metabolic engineering approaches and methodologies in enhancing biological hydrogen production through a series of enzyme over-expression, pathway debottlenecking, and gene deletion. However, such approaches heavily rely on the selection of an appropriate microbial chassis for biohydrogen production. With the proper strain in hand, use of alternative substrates may engender greater hydrogen productivities. But learning from the bioprocessing field, co-culture of two compatible microorganisms have been sought after for improving biohydrogen production. In addition, thermophilic microbes may also be useful candidates for exploiting hydrogen production from composting. Future outlook in the field looks into filling our gaps in understanding of the metabolic network that feeds into hydrogen production in different organisms. But, more importantly, problems such as reduced growth rate in engineered microbes point to fundamental issues with using genetically engineered microorganisms for improved biohydrogen production, to which clever bioprocess engineering may yield solutions.
Expectativa de vida com e sem multimorbidade entre idosos brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Drumond Andrade Flavia Cristina
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar diferenças na expectativa de vida com e sem  multimorbidade (duas ou mais condições crônicas) entre idosos nos estados brasileiros, segundo sexo e idade. Foram utilizados os dados de mortalidade do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e projeções populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para elaborar tábuas de vida para os estados, por sexo. Informação sobre a prevalência de multimorbidade foi obtida a partir da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. A partir do método de Sullivan, estimaram-se a expectativa de vida com e sem multimorbidade e a proporção de anos vividos com multimorbidade. A amostra de idosos da PNS possuía um total de 11.697 entrevistados, cuja idade média foi de 70,08 anos (DP 0,09 ano). A proporção de anos a serem vividos com multimorbidade aumenta com a idade (53,6% aos 60 anos e 57,3% aos 75 anos). Mulheres possuem expectativa de vida maior do que os homens, mas convivem mais com multimorbidade. Aos 60 anos, as mulheres brasileiras esperam viver, em média, 13,5 anos com multimorbidade e os homens 8,3 anos. Constatou-se grande diferença na expectativa de vida com multimorbidade quando comparadas as unidades da federação, com amplitude de 8,2 a 14,2 anos (aos 60 anos de idade). É importante considerar estas diferenças na priorização de ações e grupos para intervenção em saúde pública.
Konsep Pendididkan Kreativitas Anak Menurut Nasih Ulwan
Authors: Herawati Siti
Published: July 2020

Abstract: This paper captures genaral educational moral though education in Islamic perspective. That one of the education purpose from one of the other purpose into form creativity for the child. For that creativity become real in teaching and child get the creative learning and innovative, then that creativity need to fertilizer, developed and on changed. Creativity will not appear to the educate participant who do not have the high motivation, curioostly and imagination of educate participant. So creativity education according to Nasih Ulwan that explicit explain some methods of the education  children that is not monotonous even more increased creativity for children.  By through learning that axist in i’ts holybook that is Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam is one of them by education eith the advice that is innovated with the language style of the story that accompanied the lessons and advice even the Al-Qur’an direction that contains the massage and advice. And Nasih Ulwan this is a great Mufti Fiqh, Da’i and Educator. He is in a family which has been known with it’s scholar and godly and it’s nasab comes to Al Husain bin Ali bin Abi Thalib.

Keywords : Creativity, Education, Nasih Ulwan

 

Abstrak : Tulisan ini memotret Pendidikan Umum maupun Pendidikan dalam Pandangan Islam, bahwa salah satu tujuan Pendidikan dari salah satu tujuan lainnya yaitu membentuk Kreativitas untuk anak. Agar Kreativitas tersebut menjadi nyata dalam mengajar dan anak mendapatkan pembelajaran yang kreatif dan inovatif, kreativitas itu perlu dipupuk, dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan.  Kreativitas tidak akan muncul pada peserta didik yang tidak memiliki motivasi tinggi, rasa ingin tahu dan imajinasi peserta didik. Pendidikan kreativitas menurut Nasih Ulwan yang dengan gamblang menjelaskan beberapa metode mendidik anak yang  tidak monoton bahkan lebih meningkatkan Kreativitas untuk anak dan dapat membentuk anak menjadi anak yang lebih kreatif, dengan melalui pembelajaran yang terdapat didalam kitabnya berjudul Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam yaitu salah satunya dengan mendidik dengan nasihat yang di inovasikan dengan gaya bahasa kisah yang disertai pelajaran dan nasihat bahkan pengarahan Al-Qur’an yang mengandung pesan dan nasihat. Dan Nasih Ulwan ini adalah seorang Ulama Besar Faqih,  Da’i dan Pendidik. Beliau berada di dalam keluarga yang sudah terkenal dengan ketakwaanya dan kesholehannya dan nasabnya sampai kepada Al Husain bin ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib.

Kata Kunci: Kreativitas, Pendidikan, Nasih Ulwan

 
Liturgical texts relating to Council of Ephesus (12 Tût)
Authors: Youssef Youhanna Nessim
Published: July 2020

A good number of studies appear in the field of Church History dealing with the council of Ephesus considered as the third ecumenical council. In this paper, we will study the date of this council that occurs in the liturgical books. We will provide the reader with the relating liturgical texts.
Misión y educación: influencia occidental y cristiana en la China de los últimos años de la dinastía Qing y durante la República China (1912-1949)
Authors: Magdalena Mironesko Alexandra
Published: July 2020

Siendo China un país milenario no ha permanecido ajena a la influencia de otras naciones. Especialmente se destaca la importancia de los modelos educativos extranjeros en China, particularmente en un periodo de cambios y modernización. Sin embargo, poca es la información que hay del impacto de un grupo concreto de occidentales en la educación china, y es el de los cristianos y su labor en el país. Como misioneros, empezarían con una labor puramente evangelizadora, pero con los siglos adoptarían un acercamiento más diplomático y pragmático, mediante la fundación de escuelas y promoviendo la educación en China. De este modo, durante el periodo de la dinastía Qing, la última antes de pasar a la República, los misioneros cristianos asentaron unas bases de relevante importancia para la posterior modernización de la educación china.
Abraham el astrólogo: una lectura intercultural de la obra de Clemente de Alejandría
Authors: Huerta Rodríguez Jesús Caos
Published: July 2020

La interpretación de Clemente de Alejandría sobre la figura de Abraham implica un profundo reconocimiento a la interculturalidad. La lectura realizada por el alejandrino resulta novedosa dentro de los círculos del cristianismo primitivo en la medida que recupera el carácter astrológico del patriarca. Los argumentos aducidos para sostener dichas prácticas astrológicas de Abraham proceden por lo menos desde tres fuentes: el origen caldeo; la apropiación del saber encíclico de la cultura grecorromana; el conocimiento de la aritmética. La importancia de esta lectura radica en la capacidad de Clemente  para integrar y dialogar con las diferentes tradiciones disponibles en su tiempo a través de un enfoque de hibridismo intercultural.
Ἐνδημοῦσα σύνοδος: nuevas fuentes para la redefinición de una institución eclesiástica exquisitamente oriental
Authors: Acerbi Silvia
Published: July 2020

En nuestra contribución analizaremos la génesis y posterior desarrollo, en el marco de las controversias doctrinales de los siglos V y VI, de una institución eclesiástica especifica de la iglesia de Constantinopla, el sínodo ἐνδημοῦσα, inicialmente una reunión de obispos subordinada al azar de los encuentros, luego un concilio permanente formado por los obispos presentes en la capital de la Pars Orientis del Imperio (del que los mismos obispos a menudo se servían como instrumento para dirimir conflictos de tipo teológico o jurisdiccional), y finalmente una institución de la Iglesia Imperial. Utilizando una serie de fuentes hasta ahora no tomadas en consideración por los estudiosos que se han dedicado al tema, y a la luz de las más recientes contribuciones sobre el episcopado tardoantiguo, analizaremos su utilización político-eclesiástica por parte del poder imperial y de la jerarquía religiosa en los enfrentamientos entre los titulares de las principales sedes supra-metropolitanas del Oriente y con los poderes laicos.
Marine Archaeology Survey of Redfish Bay Pipeline Project, Nueces County, Texas
Authors: Gearhart Robert
Published: July 2020

BOB Hydrographics, LLC (BOB) conducted a marine archaeological survey of a proposed pipeline project crossing Redfish Bay, in Nueces County. Project Consulting Services, Inc. contracted with BOB for this project, on behalf of the project sponsor, Axis Midstream Holdings, LLC. The survey spans portions of State Mineral Lease Tracts 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, and 328 between the community of Aransas Pass and Harbor Island. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) encompasses 203 acres. A total of 299 acres was surveyed, including petroleum-industry access channels connected to each end of the main survey corridor and a 50-meter buffer around the proposed APE as mandated by the Texas Historical Commission. Water depth ranged from 2.9-11.7 feet during the survey. Field investigations included a marine geophysical survey, performed under Texas Antiquities Permit 8645, on November 16 and 17, 2018. BOB assessed all geophysical data acquired by the survey to locate potential archaeological sites that could be affected by construction-related activities. No artifacts were collected during this survey. A review of cultural background determined that 5 marine archaeological investigations and, at least, 9 wrecks have been reported within 3 miles of the survey area. Analysis of survey results discovered 3 significant geophysical targets that might be potentially eligible as State Antiquities Landmarks and for the National Register of Historic Places. This study was completed in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Public Law 89-665; 16 U.S.C. 470) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (Texas Natural Resource Code, Title 9, Chapter 191). The minimum reporting and survey requirements for marine archaeological studies conducted under a Texas Antiquities Permit are mandated by The Texas Administrative Code, Title 13, Part 2, Chapters 26 and 28, respectively. Project records will be curated by the Center for Archaeological Studies at Texas State University-San Marcos.
Geochemical Heterogeneities Characterization of the Muerto Formation – Lancones Basin - Peru as a Source Rock Unconventional Reservoir, a Contribution for its Development
Authors: Morales Paetán Walter Jacob , Rodriguez Cruzado José Alfonso , Alvarez Mendoza Bryghyt Griselida , Alarcón Marcatoma Airton Arturo , Oré Rodriguez Jorge Luis , Corrales Hidalgo Robbien Williams , Madge Rodriguez Jorge Javier , Porlles Hurtado Jerjes Washington , Falla Ruiz Jorge Luis , Eyzaguirre Gorvenia Luz de
Published: July 2020

Studies carried out by PETROPERU (1987) and PLUSPETROL (2002) remarked the Muerto Formation as the main source rock for the Lancones Basin. However for the purpose of evaluating this organic rich rock as an unconventional reservoirs, it is necessary to manage the available information in this objective. This study aims to assess the Muerto Formation potential as an unconventional reservoir using information from two outcrops and an exploratory well.

The Albian age Muerto Formation is the main objective for this study. It is related to a regional marine transgression. The lower part of the Muerto Formation belongs to a marine low energy, anoxic platform environment, and with important organic content, followed by deeper marine facies to the upper section.

This work analyzed geochemical and geological information from the Abejas 1X well (A1X), the Corcobado (LB-C), and the Zapote de Miguel (AM-ZAM) creeks.

The Abejas 1X well is characterized by a kerogen type III. Meanwhile for the LB-C and AM-ZAM sections, it is not feasible to identify the original kerogen type between I and II, due to its maturation level.

The Muerto Formation organic rich interval at the Abejas 1X had reached the dry gas generation window. The four organic rich intervals at the 360m LB-C section had reached from oil window to the wet gas-condensate window. The two organic rich intervals at the 260m AM-ZAM section had reached the oil window.
Sequential Exploration: Valuation with Geological Dependencies and Uncertain Oil Prices
Authors: Jafarizadeh Babak , Bratvold Reidar
Published: July 2020

When exploring nearby prospects in a common area, the outcome of drilling a well can change the chance of success in nearby prospects, affecting their economics and drilling decisions. Here, besides possibly discovering hydrocarbons, a single well could also supply information about other wells. For such a cluster of exploration prospects, which well should we drill first, and which next? More importantly, what is the economic value of this group of prospects? The answers are multidimensional; they depend, at least, on geological dependencies and economic dynamics. Because it takes time to interpret each drilling outcome and update our understanding regarding neighboring prospects, the varying hydrocarbon prices also affect the economics of the upcoming wells. Therefore, our sequence of drilling decisions should consider both geological dependencies and uncertainty in prices. In this paper, we develop a valuation model for a group of interdependent prospects. We use a dynamic programming model that combines the binomial representation of prices with the conditional probability of success or failure at each drilling site. The software implementation of the algorithm accompanies this paper and is a useful valuation and decision-support system.
Institutionalized Data Quality Assessments: A Critical Pathway to Improving the Accuracy of Integrated Disease Surveillance Data in Sierra Leone
Authors: Njuguna Charles Kuria , Vandi Mohamed , Mugagga Malimbo , Kanu Joseph , Liyosi Evans , Chimbaru Alexander , Gachari Wilson , Caulker Victor , Sesay Stephen , Githuku Jane , Yoti Zabulon , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Talisuna Ambrose , Fall Ibrahima Socé
Published: July 2020

Background Public health agencies require valid, timely and complete health information for early detection of outbreaks. Towards the end of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in 2015, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Sierra Leone revitalized the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDSR). Data quality assessments were conducted to monitor accuracy of IDSR data. Methods Starting 2016, data quality assessments (DQA) were conducted in randomly selected health facilities. Structured electronic checklist was used to interview district health management teams (DHMT) and health facility staff. We used malaria data, to assess data accuracy, as malaria was endemic in Sierra Leone. Verification factors (VF) calculated as the ratio of confirmed malaria cases recorded in health facility registers to the number of malaria cases in the national health information database, were used to assess data accuracy. Allowing a 5% margin of error, VF <95% were considered over reporting while VF >105 was underreporting. Differences in the proportion of accurate reports at baseline and subsequent assessments were compared using Z-test for two proportions. Results: Between 2016 -2018, four DQA were conducted in 444 health facilities where 1,729 IDSR reports were reviewed. Registers and IDSR technical guidelines were available in health facilities and health care workers were conversant with reporting requirements. Overall data accuracy improved from over- reporting of 4.7% (VF 95.3%) in 2016 to under-reporting of 0.2% (VF 100.2%) in 2018. Compared to 2016, proportion of accurate IDSR reports increased by 14.8 % (95% CI 7.2%, 22.3%) in May 2017 and 19.5% (95% CI 12.5% -26.5%) by 2018. Over reporting was more common in private clinics and not- for profit facilities while under-reporting was more common in lower level government health facilities. Leading reasons for data discrepancies included counting errors in 358 (80.6%) health facilities and missing source documents in 47 (10.6%) health facilities. Conclusion This is the first attempt to institutionalize routine monitoring of IDSR data quality in Sierra Leone. Regular data quality assessments may have contributed to improved data accuracy over time. Data compilation errors accounted for most discrepancies and should be minimized to improve accuracy of IDSR data.
Deaths from Carbon monoxide poisoning in Iran between 2011 and 2018- An ecological study
Authors: Alimohamadi Yousef , Rahimi Danial , Mehri Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, as one of the lethal poisoning, is responsible for a large percentage of poisonings and accidental deaths. Since the investigation of the mortality and the distribution of CO poisoning deaths in Iranian provinces is still unknown and no study has investigated so far, this study was conducted to determine the trend of mortality rate changes due to CO poisoning by Spatio-temporal analysis in Iran from 2011 to 2018. Methods: An ecological study was conducted based on data from the reports of at the National Center for Statistics of Iran for eight years from 21 March 2011 to 21 March 2018. The number of deaths due to CO poisoning and the annual mortality rates of CO poisoning per 100,000 population were calculated. The Spatio-temporal analysis used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of deaths.Results: A total of 6078 deaths were reported due to CO poisoning that 4497 death were male (74%) and 1596 were female (26%) from 2011 to 2018. In both sexes, the mortality rate due to CO poisoning was 1.26 from 2011 to 0.91 in 2018. According to the results, the overall male-to-female ratio was 2.8. The mortality rate due to CO Poisoning had a decreasing trend. However, this trend did not have a linear trend (p=0.37). Our results showed that most of the deaths due to CO poisoning are higher in the northern and western provinces of Iran.Conclusion: This study is one of the first studies to compare the spatial and temporal mortality rates due to CO poisoning in Iran. Paying attention to general education about the principles of safety in the installation of heaters and the use of the gas networks, continuous and accurate monitoring of the installation and operation of CO-producing, and the use of sensitive alarms can reduce mortality and morbidity due to CO poisoning.
The exploration of use of an online knowledge base and effect on patient experiences and health care quality: An observational study in primary health care
Authors: Gerdeskold Christian , Toth-Pal Eva , Wårdh Inger , Nilsson Gunnar H. , Nager Anna
Published: July 2020

Background: Evidence-based information available at the point of care improves patient care outcomes. Online knowledge bases can increase the application of evidence-based medicine and influence patient outcome data which may be captured in quality registries. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of use of an online knowledge base on patient experiences and health care quality.Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective, observational study of 24 primary health care centers in Sweden exploring their use of an online knowledge base. Frequency of use was compared to patient outcomes in two national quality registries. A socio-economic care need index was applied to assess whether the burden of care influenced the results from those quality registries. Non-parametric statistical methods and linear regression were used.Results: Frequency of knowledge base use showed two groups: frequent and non-frequent users, with a significant use difference between the groups (p<.001). Outcome data showed significant higher values for all seven National Primary Care Patient Survey dimensions in the frequent compared to the non-frequent knowledge base users (p<.001), whereas 10 out of 11 parameters in the National Diabetes Register showed no differences between the groups (p>.05). Adjusting for care need index had almost no effect on the outcomes for the groups.Conclusions: Frequent users of a national online knowledge base received higher ratings on patient experiences, but figures on health care quality in diabetes showed near to no correlation. The findings indicate that some effects may be attributed to the use of knowledge bases and requires a controlled evaluation.