bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, . . , . .
Published: September 2019

In 2018, a video of the Shaoyan's calligraphy creation process, which was widely circulated on the internet, triggered a critical upsurge of '醜書'（ugly calligraphy）on the internet and in academia. This paper carries on the research to this critical upsurge. Superficially, the criticisms revolve around the creative process, artistic form and pure abstractness of 'ugly calligraphy'. In fact, some of the criticized artistic aesthetic characters can also be accepted by Chinese contemporary culture. That is to say, 'ugly calligraphy' can not be accepted by Chinese contemporary culture for another reason. Through the analysis, we could draw the conclusion that the debate about 'beauty and ugliness' does not get to the essence of this problem. In fact, the critical upsurge reflects the cultural conflict. The reason why 'ugly calligraphy' is not compatible with contemporary Chinese culture is that, on the one hand, it destroys the 'schema' of traditional calligraphy, more importantly, it loses a sense of reverence for traditional culture.
Transformation bei Mensch und Maschine
Authors: Sommer Martin
Published: September 2019

Die Einführung einer Service-orientierten Architektur (SOA) stellt große Anforderungen an die technischen und organisatorischen Gegebenheiten von Unternehmen. SOA wird nicht nur für ein einzelnes Projekt eingeführt, sondern soll die komplette Informationstechnologie/-system-Landschaft (IT/IS-Landschaft) nachhaltig konsolidieren. Durch die größere Komplexität gegenüber monolithischen IT-Landschaften erfordert die Einführung einen höheren Initialaufwand, der besonders in der Umstellung der Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation im Unternehmen sichtbar wird. Die SOA-Einführung muss daher strukturiert über einen Prozess gesteuert werden. Über diesen Sachverhalt herrscht in der Literatur allgemeiner Konsens. Jedoch gibt es bisher keinen Ansatz, wie der Prozess der Transformation allgemein gestaltet sein muss. Eine SOA muss auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse des Unternehmens angepasst werden. Bedingt durch diesen Aspekt existiert keine „Standard-SOA“, die als Basis für solche Überlegungen dienen könnte. In diesem Beitrag wird ein allgemeines Verständnis über diesen Prozess entwickelt, und es wird aufgezeigt, wie die durch die SOA erforderlichen Rollen in diesem Prozess agieren.
Das Spiel zwischen Chaos Strategie und Unterhaltung
Authors: Garling Stephanie
Published: September 2019

Spielen ist etwas für Kinder – so könnte man meinen. Doch das Spiel ist mehr als nur eine Tätigkeit ohne bewussten Zweck zum Vergnügen, zur Entspannung, allein aus Freude an ihrer Ausübung ausgeführt. Damit es zum Spiel kommt, müssen Regeln ‚beherrscht’, eine Ordnung überschritten werden – ergebnisoffen wird ein Schritt ins Chaos gegangen.
Fiktionsspiele
Authors: Grüne Matthias
Published: September 2019

Im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes steht die Frage, ob symbolische Spielformen mit der Fähigkeit zur fiktionalen Rede in einem Entwicklungszusammenhang zu sehen sind. Dafür wird zunächst auf die Merkmale des Als-Ob-Spiels eingegangen und herausgearbeitet, wie die Fiktionsforschung Analogien zu kindlichen Spielweisen integriert. So bezieht die Theorie zwar das Spiel als Grundmuster der Kreation fiktiver Wirklichkeit mit ein, nicht aber das fiktionale Erzählen von Kindern. Diese Lücke wäre zu schließen, wenn man die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Fiktion und die Selbstverständlichkeit, mit der fiktionale Texte produziert/rezipiert werden können, verstehen will. An zwei Beispieltexten, die im Leipziger Buchkinder-Verlag erschienen sind, wird aufgezeigt, auf welch elaborierte Weise Kinder im Alter zwischen acht und zehn Jahren mit Fiktion umgehen können.
Familiengründung im Kontext gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensweisen
Authors: Kleinert Evelyn
Published: September 2019

Kinder groß zu ziehen ist auch für homosexuell lebende Menschen ein erstrebenswertes und zunehmend realisierbares Ziel. Abhängig von dem Zugang zu verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Reproduktionsmedizin ist sowohl eine leibliche Elternschaft, als auch eine soziale denkbar. Gleichzeitig ist ein Kinderwunsch für homosexuell lebende Menschen ungleich schwerer zu realisieren als für heterosexuell lebende. Mit der Online-Befragung von homosexuellen Frauen und Männern zwischen 18 und 55 Jahren soll das Verhältnis von Kinderwunsch und realisierter Elternschaft aufgezeigt werden. Außerdem sollen allgemeine Einstellungen zur Elternschaft untersucht werden und wie sich verschiedene Einstellungen zu Homosexualität sowie bisherige Erfahrungen damit auf den Kinderwunsch auswirken.
Emotionen, Gefühle, Affekte und Stimmungen
Authors: Bunzel Susanne
Published: September 2019

Gefühle werden verkörpert und sind dadurch unmittelbar wahrnehmbar. Die zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation und Interaktion beruhen auf ihnen. Bestimmte Emotionen manifestieren sich in spezifischen Kommunikations- und Verhaltenscodes. Um anderen mitzuteilen, was uns bewegt, benötigen wir die Sprache, Bilder, Musik und den Körper. Sind Emotionen in der rationalisierten Welt der objektiven Wissenschaft zu verdrängen, um nicht den Blick auf das Wesentliche zu verlieren? Wo sind Gefühle nützlich, erlaubt, erwünscht und wo betrachtet man sie als störend, gefährlich und keineswegs zulässig?
Cinéphilie unter der Diktatur
Authors: Arenas Fernando Ramos
Published: September 2019

Die Herausbildung eines neuen Filmverständnisses in Frankreich seit Mitte der 1950er Jahre – noch vor dem Autorenfilm und der „Nouvelle Vague“ – ist als ein Phänomen zu verstehen, das sich als Rebellion gegen traditionelle filmkulturelle Umstände verstand, aber darüber hinaus weite kulturelle Kreise zog. Vor diesem Hintergrund versteht sich dieses Forschungsvorhaben als eine vergleichende Kulturgeschichte der Filmrezeption und der Expansion cinéphiler Ideen, die sich an zwei europäischen Beispielen entwickelt – den diktatorischen Systemen der DDR und Spaniens. Ausgehend von einer Analyse der filmkritischen Diskurse, die diese Ideen verbreiteten, ist das Ziel der Arbeit die theoretische Erfassung dieses Phänomens in dem kulturellen Feld (Bourdieu), in dem sich die Rezeption eines Kinos der Moderne abspielte. Untersucht werden u.a. Filmclubs in Leipzig und in Madrid samt ihren Programmen und Publikationen sowie Schriften über sie. Darüber hinaus wird ihrer politischen, ideologischen und ökonomischen Kontextualisierung anhand der Analyse von Zeitzeugen-Interviews und Filmzeitschriften sowie weiteren internen und externen Quellen Rechnung getragen.
La venta por Internet de productos químicos: peligros y alertas
Authors: Abad Sanz Isabel , Herrero Martín Elena , Simón de Juana Carmen , Martín Ávila Mª Carmen , Fernández Martín Ana
Published: September 2019

En diciembre de 2018 se recibió en la Comunidad de Ma-drid una alerta vía Sistema de Intercambio Rápido de Productos Químicos (SIRIPQ), previamente notificada por Alemania vía RAPEX (Rapid Alert System) de la Comisión Europea. El producto implicado era un “Kit reparador de pinchazos de neumáticos de vehículos”, de venta al públi-co en general, en el que se incluía un adhesivo.
A Systematic Gene‐Centric Approach to Define Haplotypes and Identify Alleles on the Basis of Dense Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Datasets
Authors: Tardivel Aurélie , Torkamaneh Davoud , Lemay Marc‐André , Belzile François , O'Donoughue Louise S.
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

A gene‐centric approach for haplotype definition was developed and implemented in R.

The tool allows for allelic characterization at given loci in germplasm collections.

Allelic status at four maturity genes is predicted on the basis of marker genotyping data.

Assessing the allelic diversity within a germplasm collection and identifying individuals carrying favorable alleles is challenging. Advances in high‐throughput technologies allow the genotyping of many individuals for thousands of markers but bridging the gap between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and relevant alleles remains difficult. We developed a systematic approach that defines haplotypes from large SNP catalogs that aims to identify haplotypes that can be equated to alleles at given genes. Unlike haplotype visualization tools, our approach selects SNP markers that flank a gene and define haplotypes that correspond to this gene's alleles. We tested this approach on four known soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] maturity genes (E1, GmGia, GmPhyA3, and GmPhyA2) in a collection of 67 lines and two genotypic datasets [a SNP array and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS)]. For E1, GmGia, and GmPhyA3, we identified SNP haplotypes such that the allele found at these genes could be accurately predicted from the haplotype in 97.3% of the cases. For these genes, of the 12 known alleles in the collection, 10 and 8 could be correctly predicted from the haplotypes found with the SNP array and GBS datasets, with success rates of 98 and 97% for all allele–line combinations, respectively. The approach proved equally successful for data derived from a SNP array and GBS. However, in the case of GmPhyA2, a lack of markers in the genomic region prevented the identification of alleles, regardless of the dataset. We demonstrate the feasibility and reproducibility of our approach and identify limits to its applicability.
Genome‐Wide Population Structure Analyses of Three Minor Millets: Kodo Millet, Little Millet, and Proso Millet
Authors: Johnson Matthew , Deshpande Santosh , Vetriventhan Mani , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Wallace Jason G.
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

Developed genome‐wide SNP marker data for kodo, proso, and little millet

Marker data used to analyze genetic diversity

Heritability results of various traits used to validate genetic data

Millets are a diverse group of small‐seeded grains that are rich in nutrients but have received relatively little advanced plant breeding research. Millets are important to smallholder farmers in Africa and Asia because of their short growing season, good stress tolerance, and high nutritional content. To advance the study and use of these species, we present genome‐wide marker datasets and population structure analyses for three minor millets: kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.).We generated genome‐wide marker data sets for 190 accessions of each species with genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). After filtering, we retained between 161 and 165 accessions of each species, with 3461, 2245, and 1882 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for kodo, little, and proso millet, respectively. Population genetic analysis revealed seven putative subpopulations of kodo millet and eight each of proso millet and little millet. To confirm the accuracy of this genetic data, we used public phenotype data on a subset of these accessions to estimate the heritability of various agronomically relevant phenotypes. Heritability values largely agree with the prior expectation for each phenotype, indicating that these SNPs provide an accurate genome‐wide sample of genetic variation. These data represent one of first genome‐wide population genetics analyses—and the most extensive—in these species and the first genomic analyses of any sort for little millet and kodo millet. These data will be a valuable resource for researchers and breeders trying to improve these crops for smallholder farmers.
Developing Growth‐Associated Molecular Markers Via High‐Throughput Phenotyping in Spinach
Authors: Awika Henry O. , Bedre Renesh , Yeom Junho , Marconi Thiago G. , Enciso Juan , Mandadi Kranthi K. , Jung Jinha , Avila Carlos A.
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

High‐throughput imaging and genomic information can be combined to optimize marker development.

Genome‐wide association studies identified loci associated with plant growth traits.

We identified candidate genes associated with plant growth and development.

Despite advances in sequencing for genotyping, the lack of rapid, accurate, and reproducible phenotyping platforms has hampered efforts to use genetic analysis to predict traits of interest. Therefore, the use of high‐throughput systems to phenotype traits related to crop growth, yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses has become a major asset for breeding. Here, we assessed the efficacy of unmanned aircraft system (UAS)‐based high‐throughput phenotyping to obtain data for molecular marker development for spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) improvement. We used a UAS equipped with a red–green–blue sensor to capture raw images of 284 spinach accessions throughout the crop cycle. Processed images generated orthomosaic and digital surface models for estimating canopy cover, canopy volume, and excess greenness index models. In addition, we manually recorded the number of days to bolting. Genome‐wide association studies against a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel obtained by ddRADseq identified 99 SNPs significantly associated with growth parameters. Some of these SNPs are in transcription factor and stress‐response genes with possible roles in plant growth and development. The results underscore the utility of combining aerial imaging and genomic data analysis to optimize marker development. This study lays the foundation for the use of UAS‐based high‐throughput phenotyping for the molecular breeding of spinach.
THE DYNAMIC IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TOURISM INVESTMENTS ON INTERNATIONAL TOURISM: EVIDENCE FROM THE G20 COUNTRIES
Authors: Lu Zhou , Gozgor Giray , Lau Chi Keung Marco , Paramati Sudharshan Reddy
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates the effects of the renewable energy consumption and the tourism investments along with the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the real effective exchange rate, and trade openness on both tourism revenues (total tourism contribution to GDP) and international tourist arrivals in the sample of the G20 members. The annual data from 1995 to 2015 and the panel econometric techniques are utilized to achieve the objectives of the current paper. The results for the long-run elasticities from the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimations suggest that the renewable energy uses and tourism investments have a considerable positive impact on both the tourism revenues and the tourist arrivals. Given these results, it is argued that promoting both renewable energy and tourism investments should be considered as the major driving forces of tourism development in the G20 countries. Given these arguments, policymakers should initiate more of sustainable tourism development policies, which may assist those countries to expand the tourism industry further.
The potential use of drones to help natural pest control - an example using carabids
Authors: Lövei Gábor , Enkegaard Annie , Hansen Erik , Petersen Anders
Published: September 2019

Small automated flying vehicles (drones, by common name) are undergoing very fast development, and the range of their potential use is also fast expanding. One possible application in agriculture is to disperse biological control agents in areas that are otherwise inaccessible, or the distribution of natural enemies is uneconomic for various reasons. We develop the use of multirotor type drones (DJI S-900) as a possible vehicle to field-disperse carabid beetle adults as an inoculative biological control release against oilseed rape pests. We selected Pterostichus cupreus as a representative of common, larger species, and Anchomenus dorsalis as a similar representative of smaller species.

To test the robustness of these species to being dispersed by drones, we subjected the two carabid species to simulated "drop tests", using a specially modified 1 L-sized dispenser that can be fitted to the drone. We mixed 15-20 adults with two media, buckwheat bran and vermiculite and allowed the machine "dispersing" them under laboratory conditions. Subsequently, we checked the "distributed" beetles for mortality, bodily damage, and feeding capacity. Our first tests show that A.dorsalis is suitable for drone-based distribution while the larger species likely requires further modification of the dispensing system, due to the larger size and motility of this species. The dropping caused no mortality or physical damage to A.dorsalis but some of the P.cupreus lost tarsal segments. Feeding was not impaired in either species, though.

In summary, drone technology opens promising possibilities for the widening of biological control possibilities in various situations in agriculture.
The Use of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal to Predict Success in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Bauwens Eleanor E , Gerhard Gwenyth G
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

No nationally available objective instrument is currently recognized as predictive of successful nursing program completion. Such a measure, available prior to program entry, might guide admissions procedures and be used to counsel applicants.

This longitudinal descriptive-correlational study investigated the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as a potential predictor of success as measured by a passing score on the NCLEX examination for nurse registration.

From a southern Arizona population of 177 baccalaureate nursing students who graduated between December 1982 and May 1984, 145 graduates comprised the volunteer sample. These participants completed the Watson-Glaser Appraisal during their first week as upper-division nursing students, consented to participation in the study, and permitted reporting of NCLEX scores for use in statistical analyses. Fifty-three participants from this group repeated the Watson-Glaser Appraisal in the final month prior to graduation.

Pearson Correlation for first semester total WatsonGlaser score and NCLEX score was .31 (p= .002). There was no significant change in total Watson-Glaser scores between first and last semesters as demonstrated by t-test. Multiple Regression analysis demonstrated that first semester Watson-Glaser scores and Entry GPAs together accounted for 15% of the variance in NCLEX scores (p-.OOl). Continuing data collection and analysis will expand the study population with 42 current graduates.

Findings suggest that this instrument is not a valid measure of specific cognitive processes underlying the Nursing Process. Findings support the usefulness of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as a potential pre-admission predictor of nursing success.
Mobile Learning Design Models for State University of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Ika , Maksum Arifin , Kustandi Cecep
Published: September 2019

In facing the industrial era 4.0, the instructional paradigm requires the involvement of technology in it. The use of technology in instructional is sometimes regarded as a medium or tool for delivering information through technology from lecturers to students without considering the learning process of students with technology that makes learning outcomes more meaningful. Meanwhile, instructional media such as mobile learning applications through Android is a type of mobile learning that can change the way students communicate and interact. The use of mobile learning applications through Android is adjusted to the characteristics of students and learning needs in the industrial era 4.0. This study resulted in an Android-based mobile learning application so that through product effectiveness, the concept of the conceptual model of mobile learning was obtained in the industrial era 4.0 for learning in college. The research method used is the development research of William W. Lee and Diana L. Owens. The results showed that the mobile learning application influenced student academic achievement so that the conceptual model of mobile learning was obtained in the industrial era 4.0 for learning in college. This study concludes that mobile learning applications encourage students in fun learning activities and place students as the main subject in learning, so learning becomes meaningful.
Crises de mémoire
Authors: Suleiman Susan Rubin
Published: September 2019

« Une crise de mémoire, au sens où je l’entends, est un moment crucial et, parfois, périlleux ou conflictuel, du processus de remémoration du passé, qu’il soit collectif ou individuel. Ce qui est en jeu dans une crise de mémoire, c’est la question de la représentation de soi – comment l’on se voit, comment l’on se représente aux autres –, ce qui est indissociable du récit que l’on fait de son propre passé.Dans les crises de mémoire qui font l’objet de ce livre, la représentation individuelle empiète souvent sur la représentation collective, dont elle va parfois même jusqu’à occuper l’espace central. Pour le dire autrement, il arrive que la remémoration individuelle d’un évènement atteigne une signification collective, pour donner lieu à une “affaire de mémoire” conflictuelle. L’affaire de mémoire diffère des autres affaires ou scandales publics en ce qu’elle met en jeu non les conséquences d’un évènement qui est encore en train de se dérouler – comme, par exemple, l’affaire Dreyfus, dont l’enjeu était non seulement le sort du capitaine Dreyfus mais également, selon certains, celui de la République française.L’objet du conflit dans une affaire de mémoire concerne donc l’interprétation et la représentation publique d’un évènement situé loin dans le passé, mais dont les effets se font encore ressentir. »
Dispossession of Land Cultures
Authors: Throne Robin
Published: September 2019

This chapter examined and presents the results of a heuristic and arts-based research and ongoing critical review of the Lowcountry heirs' property ownership and the recurrent generational challenges, governmental influences, and tourism impact on land dispossession and retention along the Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor. In critically investigating this phenomenon of land dispossession, this study relied on Leavy's concept of coherence as it assessed the paucity of contemporaneous narratives of voices of women landowners. Land tenure, voice and land dispossession, freedom as ownership, and the culture of home/place are also explored as the legacy of the African diaspora, specifically among women landowners.
Consumer Behavior
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Cervantes-Guzmán Jovanna Nathalie
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study is to develop a model of the behavior of the ecological consumer in order to know the motivations that influence the decision to purchase organic products in citizens from 25 to 45 years of the municipality of Guadalajara. The methodology used in the research is qualitative. It was carried out through the non-experimental design, with respect to the data collection tool, in-depth interviews were carried out. The results obtained with respect to the factors that influence the purchase decision of the products are accepted the general hypothesis. One of the limitations that the study faced was a limited literature regarding studies related to it in the case of the city of Guadalajara.
Ubiquitous Learning and Heutagogy in Teacher Education
Authors: Ceylan Beril
Published: September 2019

The learning and teaching horizon is changing nowadays. Learner-centered learning is preferable to teacher-centered learning. Teachers and learners prefer mobility and flexibility in education. Ubiquitous learning provides the flexibility and connection with mobility. Due to advantages of technology use, ubiquitous learning is preferred for individual and public learning. Heutagogy emphasizes the capability of learners' self-regulation process. Heutagogical learning occurs at two levels. The first level is competencies. The second level is deeper learning. In heutogogy, learners design their learning situation in a non-linear learning approach in a flexible way. In this chapter, heutagogy and ubiquitous learning connection will be discussed in the light of literature in the context of education and teacher education. A heutagogical ubiquitous learning interaction will be offered.
Optimizing Static and Dynamic Visual Expressions of Time-Based Events, Processes, Procedures, and Future Projections for Instructional Design
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: September 2019

Time-based visuals are used to depict time-based events, processes, procedures, and future projections, among others. These come in 2D, 3D, and 4D types, and they may be static or dynamic, non-interactive, or interactive. A simple process or procedure may be expressed visually as a timeline, a flowchart, a stacked diagram, a node-link game tree, a workflow diagram, dedicated-type sequence diagrams, or some other sequence-based visual. With the proliferation of more complex time-based sequences—with multiple paths, multiple actors, decision junctures, conditionals, and other forms of dimensionality, and with multimodal expressions and interactive digital interfaces, with processes as descriptions, theorized steps, directional procedures, projections, and other types—the visual depictions of processes and procedures have become much more complex and layered. This work describes some efforts to optimize these visual expressions through proper design, development, testing, and revision.
Image Enhancement
Authors: Lenka Rasmita , Khandual Asimananda , Dutta Koustav , Nayak Soumya Ranjan
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes a novel method to enhance degraded nighttime images by dehazing and color correction method. In the first part of this chapter, the authors focus on filtering process for low illumination images. Secondly, they propose an efficient dehazing model for removing haziness Thirdly, a color correction method proposed for color consistency approach. Removing nighttime haze technique is an important and necessary procedure to avoid ill-condition visibility of human eyes. Scattering and color distortion are two major problems of distortion in case of hazy image. To increase the visibility of the scene, the authors compute the preprocessing using WLS filter. Then the airlight component for the non-uniform illumination presents in nighttime scenes is improved by using a modified well-known dark-channel prior algorithm for removing nighttime haze, and then it uses α-automatic color equalization as post-processing for color correction over the entire image for getting a better enhanced output image free from haze with improved color constancy.
Time Well Spent
Authors: Fassett Kyle T. , Allison BrckaLorenz  , Strickland Joe , Ribera Amy K.
Published: September 2019

Good teaching practices are the crux of student education and require constant evaluation to meet current generations' learning needs. Flipped classrooms have sought a foothold in higher education to provide opportunities for deep learning through the delivery of content online prior to attending class while having activities related to processing and applying the information during class. Using a large-scale, multi-institution study of faculty teaching flipped courses, this study empirically links flipped procedures to other forms of effective educational practice and additionally focuses on the motivations and impacts on the faculty side of this pedagogical practice. Findings indicate numerous learning and development benefits for students with implications for supporting and motivating faculty across disciplines, faculty identities, and course types.
Ethical Programs for Patients in Bahrain
Authors: AlSaffar Gardenia
Published: September 2019

2030 vision for the kingdom seeks to promote Bahrain as a healthcare destination. New private hospitals have entered the health service industry. This leads competition to soar. Patient care has become a priority. The need to acquire accreditation for health services rendered by hospitals accentuates the importance of maintaining international standards in term of quality and cost. The purpose of the study is to reflect on the development of ethical resolutions, procedures, policies, and programs to enhance and to improve healthcare by National Health Regulatory Authority (NHRA). The study employs qualitative analysis of literature in relation to the evolution of ethical programs for health professionals in general and for patients at hospitals in Bahrain.
Fair Trade and Ethical Consumerism
Authors: Elbeshbishi Amal Nagah , A'ali Ebtihaj Ahmed Al
Published: September 2019

Fair trade is directed toward enhancing the satisfaction of stakeholders (i.e., producers, employees, consumers, environmental interest groups, and others). Ethical consumerism employs fair trade to fulfill different objectives related to consumers, environmental, and human resources issues. Fair trade can uphold ethical consumerism as well. This chapter attempts to highlight the interwoven relationship between fair trade and ethical consumerism. The chapter argues that ethical consumerism and fair trade are inseparable. Benefits and beneficiaries of ethical consumerism and fair-trade overlap. Gender issues reflecting women's work and employment are discussed as a reflection of fair trade. Policy recommendations on gender issues are stated at the end of the chapter.
Learning Path Recommendation Method Based on Knowledge Map
Authors: Zhou Xiaodong , Li Yi , Yuan Liping , Ma Gaofeng , Tan Xinyun , Zhang Kaihua , Gong Lijiao , Jia Boxiang
Published: September 2019

With the development of society, many industries and professions are more comprehensive and intersecting. Different industries have their own requirements for students with comprehensive backgrounds. For graduates, they may not know the skills required for various occupations, or what kind of jobs and occupations they can take based on their existing knowledge and skills, even how to acquire these abilities after they know the requirements of the jobs they want. In this chapter, authors combine the existing method to predict hot jobs with the analysis of knowledge map, aiming to achieve accurate recommendation of learning path for those who want to find a job. This chapter will help job hunters gradually master skills, and ultimately achieve the goal of optimizing resource allocation and saving social resources.
Digital Divide and Its Socio-Psychological Implications on Rural Dwellers in Nigeria
Authors: Titilope Afolayan Oluyinka
Published: September 2019

Unprecedented growth in the use of ICTs has contributed to digital divide in Nigeria. Despite global efforts in bridging the digital divide in developed and developing nations, digital equality is yet to be achieved in nations. Government's effort in bridging the digital divide in Nigeria has become a daunting task due to several barriers hindering the use of ICTs by the rural dwellers such as low income, low deployment of telecommunication infrastructure, lack of skills, access, language and cultural challenges, among others. In view of this, the aim of this paper is to unravel the socio-psychological consequences of the digital divide on rural dwellers in Nigeria. This paper further discussed dimensions and perspectives to the digital divide, causes of digital divide, global efforts in bridging the digital divide, barriers militating against digital divide, and social psychological consequences of the digital divide on rural dwellers. Policy recommendations were made towards addressing the socio-psychological implications of digital divide on rural dwellers in Nigeria.
Challenges and Opportunities of the Sustainability in Healthcare
Authors: Miszczyńska Katarzyna Malgorzata
Published: September 2019

Public health, affecting the operations of the entity and its environment, plays an important role in the concept of sustainable development. Health condition affects the quality of life of the individual thus the condition of the economy. Taking into consideration the complex relationship of public health and the concept of Sustainable Development Goals, the analysis seems to be fully justified. The aim of the analysis is to determine challenges and opportunities of the sustainability of selected United Nations Member States healthcare sectors. Particular emphasis in the analysis was placed on the situation of the Polish sector against the background of the analyzed countries. The analysis was based on the Sustainable Development Goals and was carried out using one of the MCDA method.
Emotional Intelligence in Individuals With Intellectual disability
Authors: Sivasubramanian Priyadharshini
Published: September 2019

This chapter is aimed to draw attention to the integrated understanding of an individual with intellectual disability. It is very well known that intellectual disability is described as significant inefficiency in cognitive skills like learning, reasoning, problem solving, and in adaptive behavior, but this is not all when the individual is considered as a whole. This is where emotional intelligence comes in to help the individual cope with the cognitive disability. This chapter will discuss emotional intelligence in people with intellectual disability and how understanding of this will lead to better management plans for individual with intellectual disability, which will in turn lead to better empowerment. Further, this chapter will discuss the research gaps in this area and future study scope.
Organizing Architectural Atmospheres
Authors: Perin Gavin John , Matthews Linda
Published: September 2019

The article outlines an alternative type of digital drawing technique for architecture called chromatic mapping. This new procedural drawing technique redefines the theoretical frameworks of digital design practice by manipulating the formal and spatial capacities of data captured in the image. The ensuing discursive and practical changes to architectural design practice deliberately leverage the ability of image-based software to gather, collate and modify real-world data. The pixel is central to chromatic mapping because it is the medium that translates form and space into color. This alterative definition of form as visual data contests the orthodoxy that only the line can delineate form and reactivates the issues surrounding the role of the image in architectural production. While maintaining digital architecture's ambition to reduce the procedural and formal consequences of postmodern semiotics, this new drawing technique recalibrates the part images play in architectural production by activating image data to foreground drawings that simulate architecture's atmospheric qualities.
Dynamic Evolution of Knowledge Modules Contexts Oriented to Business Process
Authors: Shi Xing , Zhan Hongfei , Yu Junhe , Wang Rui
Published: September 2019

The phenomenon of knowledge modularity exists in the executing process of enterprise business, and the performance of business execution depends on the ability of knowledge modules. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value to study the evolution of knowledge modules and their integrated contexts. In order to help enterprises to optimize their configuration of knowledge contexts, a method of dynamic knowledge context modeling was proposed in the article. The dynamic evolution process of the knowledge modules context from the perspective of context was discussed, and the dynamic evolution characteristics of the context based on business problems was studied. Also the contextual evolution model was established, which could effectively improve the cooperative efficiency of knowledge resources and enhance the performance of enterprise business process execution.
Using a Rule Developing Experimentation Approach to Study Social Problems
Authors: Gere Attila , Papajorgji Petraq , Moskowitz Howard R. , Milutinovic Veljko
Published: September 2019

This article presents the first in a series of studies on the corruption of various types, assessed through an online experiment known as mind genomics. The data allows for the creation of simple models from regression, showing the part-worth contribution of every element to perceived corruption, and to perceived positive, neutral or negative emotion. The authors use ordinary least squares regression models and advanced data mining techniques to analyze the data and classify the users accordingly. They present the results from four countries (Albania, Hungary, India, and the USA), looking at the linkages between corruption by country, and by other factors such as social class. Based on the collected data a model is generated for each group (country, type of person), showing how the person in the group is likely to call a description ‘corrupt,' and how each particular element from the set of 20 elements related to education adds or subtracts to that basic proclivity to call a situation or behavior corrupt.
In Utero Exposure To Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Micro-Rna Profiles, And Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study Protocol
Authors: Larose Tricia L. , Sætrom Pål , Martinussen Marit P. , Skogseth Håkon , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Scélo Ghislaine , McHale Cliona M. , Jacobsen Geir W. , Smith Martyn T.
Published: September 2019

Background

The developing fetus is particularly vulnerable to the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Molecular fingerprints of EDCs can be identified via microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and may be etiologically implicated in the developmental origin of disease (DOHaD).

Methods/design

This pilot study includes pregnant women at high risk (smoking at conception), and low risk (non-smoking at conception) for SGA birth (birthweight<10th percentile for gestational age). We have randomly selected 12 mothers (3 high-risk SGA birth, 3 low-risk SGA birth, 3 high-risk non-SGA birth, 3 low-risk non-SGA birth), with EDC measurements from gestational week 17. All offspring are female. We aim to test the stability of our samples (maternal serum, cord blood, placenta tissue), observe the differential expression of miRNA profiles over time (gestational weeks 17, 25, 33, 37, birth), and study the consistency between maternal EDC measures and miRNA expression profiles across our repeated measures.

Expected impact of the study for Public Health

Results from this pilot study will inform the development of a larger cohort wide analysis, and will impact the current state of knowledge in the fields of public health, epigenetics, and the DOHaD.
Two-spectra theorem with uncertainty
Authors: Makarov Nikolai , Poltoratski Alexei
Published: September 2019

The goal of this paper is to combine ideas from the theory of mixed spectral problems for differential operators with new results in the area of the Uncertainty Principle in Harmonic Analysis (UP). Using recent solutions of Gap and Type Problems of UP we prove a version of Borg’s two-spectra theorem for Schrödinger operators, allowing uncertainty in the placement of the eigenvalues. We give a formula for the exact “size of uncertainty,” calculated from the lengths of the intervals where the eigenvalues may occur. Among other applications, we describe pairs of indeterminate operators in the three-interval case of the mixed spectral problem. At the end of the paper we discuss further questions and open problems.
Inboard Mounted Disc Brake Rotor/Disc Wheel Hub Interface Dimensions - Commercial Vehicles
Authors:   Truck and Bus Wheel Committee
Published: September 2019

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes dimensions and tolerances for the interface between inboard mounted disc brake rotors and disc wheel hubs. This document is intended for inboard mounted disc brake rotors and disc wheel hubs for Class 5, 6, 7, and 8 commercial vehicles. Special and less-common applications are not covered.
Design and simulation of model-free lag-lead controller for DC motor speed control
Authors: Monjengue David
Published: September 2019

This paper presented a new Model-free Controller for speed control of Direct-Current (DC) motors. The design objectives were to combine the benefits of proportional-integralderivative (PID) controllers (simplicity in the structure and the usage) and performances of the advanced controllers such as linear-quadratic regulator (LQR), Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC), with the advantage of not depending on the model. The Model free Lag-Lead controller (MFLL) is compared against the Fuzzy, LQR, PI controllers for speed regulation of DC Motor and showed the ability to produce better performances. The MFLL is also easy to design and to tune without any special rule, and can be implemented by non-professional.Key words: Direct current (DC) motor, Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC), Linear-quadratic regulator (LQR), Model-free controller, Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID).
A comparative study on ultrasound-guided elite, Mammotome, and core needle biopsy for diagnosing malignant breast masses
Authors: Zou Shi-Fang , Tao Lin , Feng Zhen-Chu , Wang Ji-Yan , Liu Lin , Liang Wen-Long , Liu Jie-Na , Xu Dan-Dan , Lin Jia-Yan , Zhang Jian-Guo , Chen Xi
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The present study aims to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of elite biopsy, to provide a reference for selecting the puncture method.

Material and methods

A total of 802 patients with a BI-RADS grade ≥ 4, as evaluated by the molybdenum target, and measurable lesions revealed by colour Doppler ultrasound, who were admitted at our department from January 2017 to January 2018, were enrolled in the present study. These patients were randomly divided into three groups: elite, Mammotome and core needle biopsy groups. The pathological underestimation rate, diagnostic accordance rate, haematoma incidence rate, and costs of these three biopsy methods were compared.

Results

The difference in diagnostic accordance rates between the elite biopsy group and core needle biopsy group was statistically significant (98.9% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.003), as well as between the Mammotome biopsy group and core needle biopsy group (99.6% vs. 94.7%, p < 0.001). The difference in pathological underestimation rates between the elite biopsy group and core needle biopsy group was statistically significant (7.2% vs. 37.3%, p < 0.001), as well as between the Mammotome biopsy group and core needle biopsy group (1.6% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001). The difference between the Mammotome biopsy group and elite biopsy group was not statistically significant. The incidence of haematoma in the Mommotome, elite, and core needle groups was 15.9%, 13%, and 21.7%, respectively (13% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.021).

Conclusions

Elite biopsy has a low rate of pathological underestimation and low incidence of haematoma, can improve the breast conserving rate, and has an affordable cost. As a biopsy method with high accuracy, safety, and economy, elite biopsy can be widely used in clinics.
The impact of hospital competition and insurer concentration on health care volume and cost in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Krabbe-Alkemade Yvonne , Groot Tom , Boter Jaap
Published: September 2019

This study analyses the effect of spatial concentration of general hospitals, the appearance of independent treatment centers (in Dutch: Zelfstandige Behandelcentra: ZBCs) and the concentration of health insurers on production volume and costs since the introduction of market-oriented health care reforms in the Netherlands. We use regression analyses of 1,345,144 patient-level hospital data for fifteen major diagnosis treatment combinations (in Dutch: Diagnose Behandeling Combinaties: DBCs), representing 70% of the managed competition segment (the so-called B-segment).

We find that spatial concentration of hospitals and concentration of insurers do not affect health care production volume. More competitive hospital markets are associated with higher cost of most DBCs studied. Surprisingly, hospitals operating under insurers with high monopsonic power incur higher average DBC-cost than hospitals operating under insurers with more dispersed power. The number of independent treatment centers in the hospital’s vicinity is positively related to health care volume and average cost.
Participación comunitaria para la medición de carbono en bosques de la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, México
Authors: Ramírez M. Isabel , Benet Daniel , Pérez-Salicrup Diego R. , Skutsch Margaret , Venegas-Pérez Ysmael
Published: September 2019

Introducción: La participación comunitaria es una estrategia efectiva para el manejo forestal y la gestión de servicios ecosistémicos. 
Objetivos: Aplicar métodos participativos para la estimación de reservas de carbono en bosques comunitarios e identificar los usos de suelo y conflictos que pueden influir en su mantenimiento.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron talleres de mapeo participativo en cuatro comunidades; los miembros fueron instruidos en la medición de variables dasométricas, para estimar carbono en biomasa forestal aérea. Se trabajó en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca, una región de atención prioritaria para REDD+ en México. 
Resultados y discusión: Se identificaron procesos de sensibilización, aceptación y flexibilidad hacia la incorporación de herramientas participativas, tanto para una posible participación en mercados de carbono como para mejorar las prácticas de manejo forestal de las comunidades. Los valores de carbono obtenidos mediante los métodos participativos concuerdan con los identificados por los expertos para estos tipos de bosques. Se estimaron promedios de 112, 98 y 91 Mg C·ha-1 en sitios del bosque dominados por coníferas, latifoliadas y mixtos, respectivamente. En algunas comunidades existen conflictos por límites de propiedad de la tierra y conflictos internos donde los acuerdos comunitarios no se han respetado. 
Conclusión: Los métodos participativos de mapeo y medición del carbono arbóreo apoyan el manejo forestal a través de la generación de datos confiables que facilitan la gestión comunitaria de los recursos. Las reservas dependen más del grado de conservación del sitio que del tipo de vegetación, y la perturbación del bosque está más asociada a conflictos internos y externos que al manejo forestal.
Influencia de la temperatura e irradiación en la concentración de almidón en Carya illinoinensis K. Koch variedades Wichita y Western
Authors: Briceño-Contreras Edwin A. , Moreno-Resendez Alejandro , Valenzuela-Núñez Luis M. , García-De la Peña Cristina , Esparza-Rivera Juan R. , Rodríguez-Martínez Rafael , Molina-Ochoa Jaime
Published: September 2019

Introducción: El nogal pecanero (Carya illinoinensis K. Koch) es una especie nativa del norte de México y del sureste de Estados Unidos; ambos países dominan la producción de nuez a nivel mundial.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la temperatura e irradiación sobre la concentración de almidón en la raíz y tronco de C. illinoinensis variedades Wichita y Western. 
Materiales y métodos: El almidón se cuantificó mensualmente durante el ciclo productivo julio 2016 – junio 2017. Los datos mensuales promedio de temperatura e irradiación se obtuvieron de la estación meteorológica del INIFAP, Campo Experimental La Laguna. Se hicieron análisis de regresión utilizando SPSS 18.0.
Resultados y discusión: Las variedades Wichita y Western mostraron relación significativa (P ≤ 0.05) entre las concentraciones de almidón en la raíz y los factores ambientales; en el tronco, la relación no fue significativa. En ambas variedades, la concentración máxima de almidón en la raíz se registra cuando la temperatura varía de 15 a 20 °C y la tasa de irradiación oscila entre 10 y 15 MJ·m-2.
Conclusión: La variedad Wichita es la mejor adaptada a las temperaturas y tasas altas de irradiación en la región de la Comarca Lagunera.