bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redesigning induction of labour processes
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Paterson Emma , Smith Ashleigh
Published: October 2017

Background

An ‘in‐hours’ birth represents a desired outcome following induction of labour (IOL) in terms of safety, efficiency and satisfaction. Women booked for IOL are often not commenced at their allocated times, and these sometimes complex births happen after‐hours.

Aims

To measure the effect of an 11:00 hours commencement time for IOL.

Materials and Methods

A discrete‐event‐simulation patient‐flow model was constructed. Multiple staffing and scheduling combinations were tested, before a brief pilot and subsequent introduction of a second IOL commencement time. A retrospective cohort study was performed using routinely collected data, comparing outcomes in two four‐month time periods, before and after introduction of the new schedule. During Time Period A, women underwent cervical ripening at 19:00 hours and were reviewed the next morning for amniotomy and oxytocin infusion (ARM/oxytocin). During Time Period B, women were either admitted at 11:00 hours for cervical ripening followed by 23:00 hours ARM/oxytocin, or at 19:00 hours for cervical ripening followed by 06:00 hours ARM/oxytocin. The primary outcome measure was the likelihood of an in‐hours birth (defined as 07:00–19:00 hours).

Results

In an analysis of 1689 women undergoing IOL, the new IOL booking schedule was associated with a 14.7% increase in in‐hours birth (68.4% vs 53.7%; P < 0.01), and a corresponding reduction in overnight births. Although the IOL to birth time was unaltered, we observed a decrease in IOL delays and admission‐to‐birth time, and a greater likelihood of vaginal birth within 24 h of admission.

Conclusions

Introducing a 11:00 hours start‐time for IOL has been associated with a significant increase in in‐hours births.
The evidence for laser treatments to the vulvo‐vagina: Making sure we do not repeat past mistakes
Authors: Song Sophia , Budden Aaron , Short Asha , Nesbitt‐Hawes Erin , Deans Rebecca , Abbott Jason
Published: October 2017

Following menopause, up to 49% of women will experience genitourinary symptoms such as vaginal itching, dryness, dyspareunia and incontinence as a result of oestrogen deficiency. Treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturisers only temporarily relieve symptoms, while local oestrogen treatments are often unacceptable or unsafe for many women. Recently, a novel laser treatment has been proposed as a non‐invasive, long‐term solution to vulvo‐vaginal and urinary symptoms. While preliminary histological results have been promising, its therapeutic, clinical effect has yet to be determined. However, despite the scarcity of evidence for its safety and long‐term benefit, laser treatments are widely marketed for a range of genitourinary symptoms, with high uptake by both clinicians and women alike. This review aims to examine the evidence for laser treatments to the vulvo‐vagina and to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Our results include 17 studies investigating the effect of laser therapy for vulvo‐vaginal symptoms, seven for its effects on urinary incontinence and four for histology. These are limited to non‐randomised, observational data with small sample sizes between 15 to 175 women and follow‐up duration from none to two years. As such, strong evidence for laser efficacy and safety is limited and warrants more robust, placebo‐controlled, randomised trials before widespread implementation.
A New Pressure Guided Management Tool for Epidural Space Detection: Feasibility Assessment on a Simulator
Authors: Carassiti Massimiliano , Mattei Alessia , Quarta Rossella , Massaroni Carlo , Saccomandi Paola , Tesei Marco , Setola Roberto , Schena Emiliano
Published: October 2017

The detection of epidural space is usually performed by the technique of loss of resistance (LOR) without technological support, although there are few commercial options. We sought to design and develop a new noninvasive system able to detect the LOR without any changes to the conventional procedure. It allows detecting the LOR by a custom made algorithm. The system provides a visual and acoustic feedback when the LOR is detected. We optimized the detection algorithm and investigated the performance of the system during experiments on a custom simulator. During the experiments performed by 10 anesthetists and 10 trainees, the pressure exerted on the syringe plunger was monitored using the custom‐made system. Each participant performed four experiments using the system on the simulator. The performance of the system in LOR detection was evaluated comparing the feedback activation and the breaches of the last layer of the simulator. Moreover, each participant filled out a questionnaire to assess how the procedure with the simulator mimics the clinical scenario. A higher questionnaire score corresponds to a more realistic condition (0 = not real, 5 = extremely real). Results showed that the LOR was detected in 74 of the 80 trials (92.5% of the cases); the anesthetists obtained better results than trainees: 97.5 versus 87.5%. The questionnaires showed that all the participants found the trial realistic (score ≥3); anesthetists found it more realistic than trainees (4.2 ± 0.78 vs. 3.8 ± 0.78, mean ± SD). In summary, the proposed system successfully detected the LOR in the large part of the trials. The participants found the trials realistic. A higher success rate was observed in the anesthetists group.
EFFECTS OF SUCROSE LOAD ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD, SALIVA AND URINE FROM CYSTIC FIBROSIS HOMOZYGOTES AND HETEROZYGOTES AND HEALTHY CONTROLS
Authors: CEDER OVE , BARDOŃ ALICJA , HELLSING KRISTOFFER , KOLLBERG HANS
Published: October 2017

Ceder, O., Bardoń, A., Hellsing, K. and Kollberg, H. (Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland and Department of Pediatrics, University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait). Effects of sucrose load on the biochemical composition of blood, saliva and urine from cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes, and healthy controls. Acta Paediatr Scand, 1983; Suppl. 309:33. A disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates has been suggested to be responsible for many of the clinical symptoms in cystic fibrosis. To study this, the biochemical compositions of blood, mixed saliva and urine from homozygotes and heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis and healthy children and adults were compared before and after an oral load of sucrose. In blood, the fasting values of glucose, pyruvate and lactate were similar in the four groups. In saliva, the fasting concentrations of protein, sodium, chloride and potassium were significantly increased for homozygotes. Heterozygote saliva values were intermediate, although not significantly different from those of controls. The urinary concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium were also significantly increased in the homozygotes. Again, heterozygotes values were intermediate and did not differ significantly from control values. Sucrose intake caused greater increases in the blood levels of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in the homozygotes and heterozygotes than in their respective control groups. Reversal of the increased concentrations occurred most quickly in the homozygotes and 150 min after sucrose intake the glucose and lactate concentrations were significantly lower in this group than in control children. In saliva significantly lower concentrations of sodium, chloride and potassium were found in the homozygotes and heterozygotes 30 and 90 min after sucrose intake than in the fasting state. Thus, their salivary concentrations of electrolytes became closer to those of controls. In controls sucrose intake caused an increase in the activity of ribonuclease in the saliva while the electrolyte values were unaffected. Limited effects of the sucrose intake were seen on the urinary values in the four groups.
Identification of the Molecular Determinants of the Antibacterial Activity of LmutTX, a Lys49 Phospholipase A2 Homologue Isolated from Lachesis muta muta Snake Venom (Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Diniz‐Sousa Rafaela , Caldeira Cleópatra A. S. , Kayano Anderson M. , Paloschi Mauro V. , Pimenta Daniel. C. , Simões‐Silva Rodrigo , Ferreira Amália S. , Zanchi Fernando B. , Matos Najla B. , Grabner Fernando P. , Calderon Leonardo A. , Zuliani Juliana P. , Soares Andreimar M.
Published: October 2017

Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are responsible for numerous pathophysiological effects in snakebites; however, their biochemical properties favour antimicrobial actions against different pathogens, thus constituting a true source of potential microbicidal agents. This study describes the isolation of a Lys49 PLA2 homologue from Lachesis muta muta venom using two chromatographic steps: size exclusion and reverse phase. The protein showed a molecular mass of 13,889 Da and was devoid of phospholipase activity on an artificial substrate. The primary structure made it possible to identify an unpublished protein from L. m. muta venom, named LmutTX, that presented high identity with other Lys49 PLA2s from bothropic venoms. Synthetic peptides designed from LmutTX were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. LmutTX was cytotoxic against C2C12 myotubes at concentrations of at least 200 μg/mL, whereas the peptides showed a low cytolytic effect. LmutTX showed antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria; however, S. aureusATCC 29213 and MRSA strains were more sensitive to the toxin's action. Synthetic peptides were tested on S. aureus, MRSA and P. aeruginosaATCC 27853 strains, showing promising results. This study describes for the first time the isolation of a Lys49 PLA2 from Lachesis snake venom and shows that peptides from specific regions of the sequence may constitute new sources of molecules with biotechnological potential.
The New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors PC‐37 and PC‐48 (7‐Methoxytacrine‐Donepezil‐Like Compounds): Characterization of Their Metabolites in Human Liver Microsomes, Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Formation of the Major Metabolites in Rats
Authors: Zdarova Karasova Jana , Mzik Martin , Hroch Milos , Korabecny Jan , Nepovimova Eugenie , Vorisek Viktor , Palicka Vladimir , Kuca Kamil
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics and metabolite formation of newly developed non‐selective AChE/BChE 7‐MEOTA‐donepezil‐like inhibitors for potential therapeutic use in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The chemical structures of metabolites were defined during incubation with human liver microsomes, and subsequently, the metabolization was verified in in vivo study. In vitro metabolic profiling revealed the formation of nine major metabolites in the case of PC‐37 and eight metabolites of PC‐48. Hydroxylation and the enzymatic hydrolysis of bonds close to the piperazine ring appeared to be the principal metabolic pathways in vitro. Of these metabolites, M1–M7 of PC‐37 and M1–M6 of PC‐48 were confirmed under in vivo conditions. Pilot pharmacokinetic experiments in rats were focused on the absorption, distribution and elimination of these compounds. Absorption after i.m. application was relatively fast; the bioavailability expressed as AUCtotal was 28179 ± 4691 min.ng/mL for PC‐37 and 23374 ± 4045 min.ng/mL for PC‐48. Both compounds showed ability to target the central nervous system, with brain concentrations exceeding those in plasma. The maximal brain concentrations are approximately two times higher than the plasma concentrations. The relatively high brain concentrations persisted throughout the experiment until 24 hr after application. Elimination via the kidneys (urine) significantly exceeded elimination via the liver (bile). All these characteristics are crucial for new candidates intended for AD treatment. The principle metabolic pathways that were verified in the in vivo study do not show any evidence for formation of extremely toxic metabolites, but this needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Students' acceptance of tablet PCs in Italian high schools: Profiles and differences
Authors: Villani Daniela , Morganti Laura , Carissoli Claudia , Gatti Elena , Bonanomi Andrea , Cacciamani Stefano , Confalonieri Emanuela , Riva Giuseppe
Published: October 2017

The tablet PC represents a very popular mobile computing device, and together with other technologies it is changing the world of education. This study aimed to explore the acceptance of tablet PC of Italian high school students in order to outline the typical students' profiles and to compare the acceptance conveyed in two types of use (learning and communicative activities at school). Data were collected using an online survey that was filled out by students at home. Two hundred and ninety‐six students from six public high schools in Milan and surrounding suburbs voluntarily accepted to participate in the study. The results show a varied situation in the Italian schools despite the availability of and funding for the technology. Three clusters were identified with high, moderate and low acceptance of tablet PC and a comparison between such clusters revealed significant differences in gender, grade level and usage frequency. The groups showed also significant differences in relation to the uses of tablet PC at school that appeared coherent with their level of acceptance: students who have higher level of acceptance are those who use the tool more both for learning and communicative purposes. To conclude, students with lower acceptance probably need to better understand the opportunities offered by this technology and how to use it. Based on examining the data from the survey, preliminary recommendations are made.
Carbon accumulation in Dahu Swamp in the eastern Nanling Mountains (south China) and its implications for hydroclimatic variability over the past 47 000 years
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Zhong Wei , Shang Shengtan , Xue Jibin , Ouyang Jun , Zhu Chan , Tian Lixue , Chen Yu , Chen Bin
Published: October 2017

Wetlands act as persistent natural carbon sinks over long time scales. Understanding the response of these carbon reservoirs to climate change is critical to assessing potential climate feedbacks. We conducted a study of an 860‐cm‐long sediment core in Dahu Swamp in south China to determine how the carbon accumulation rate (CAR) has varied as a function of palaeohydrology and palaeoclimate over the past 47 000 years. From an orbital time scale, our results show that the CAR in Dahu Swamp is relatively low in the wet periods of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) (mean: 46.7 gC m−2 a−1) and MIS 1 (mean: 28.2 gC m−2 a−1), compared to the dry periods of MIS 2 (mean: 59.9 gC m−2 a−1). At centennial and millennial scales, the highest CARs of Dahu Swamp mainly occur in organic‐rich silt or clay (gyttja) layers, which correspond to the relatively dry climate (e.g. c. 48 000–41 000, c. 33 000–32 000, c. 15 800–14 900 and c. 4400–4250 cal. a BP). The CAR of Dahu Swamp is mainly controlled by local hydrological variations that are closely related to the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensity, which may be co‐influenced by orbitally induced summer insolation forcing and internal feedback processes (e.g. Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and El Niño/Southern Oscillation). Based on comparison with the CARs in monsoonal regions of China, we consider that precipitation may be the key factor for wetland CAR in EASM areas, whereas temperature is more important in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau regions under Indian summer monsoon influence. The CAR of Dahu Swamp provides valuable records of wetland carbon accumulation dynamics in subtropical monsoon regions, which contradict the traditional patterns in global northern wetlands.
Structure, function, and regulation of mitofusin‐2 in health and disease
Authors: Chandhok Gursimran , Lazarou Michael , Neumann Brent
Published: October 2017

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly migrate, fuse, and divide to regulate their shape, size, number, and bioenergetic function. Mitofusins (Mfn1/2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), are key regulators of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Mutations in these molecules are associated with severe neurodegenerative and non‐neurological diseases pointing to the importance of functional mitochondrial dynamics in normal cell physiology. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, which has raised interest in defining the physiological roles of key regulators of fusion and fission and led to the identification of additional functions of Mfn2 in mitochondrial metabolism, cell signalling, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the structural and functional properties of Mfn2 as well as its regulation in different tissues, and also discuss the consequences of aberrant Mfn2 expression.
Eosinophil persistence in vivo and sustained viability ex vivo in response to respiratory challenge with fungal allergens
Authors: Geslewitz W. E. , Percopo C. M. , Rosenberg H. F.
Published: October 2017

Background

Eosinophils are immunomodulatory leucocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of Th2‐driven asthma and allergic lung diseases.

Objective

Our goal was to identify unique properties of eosinophils recruited to the lungs and airways of mice in response to challenge with asthma‐associated fungal allergens.

Methods

Mice were challenged intranasally on days 0, 3 and 6 with a filtrate of Alternaria alternata. Recruited eosinophils were enumerated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eosinophils were also isolated from lungs of mice sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus and evaluated ex vivo in tissue culture.

Results

Eosinophils persist in the airways for several weeks in response to brief provocation with A. alternata in wild‐type, Gm‐csf‐ and eotaxin‐1‐gene‐deleted mice, while eosinophils are recruited but do not persist in the absence of IL‐13. Eosinophils isolated from the lungs A. alternata‐challenged mice are cytokine‐enriched compared to those from IL5tg mice, including 800‐fold higher levels of eotaxin‐1. Furthermore, eosinophils from the lungs and spleen of fungal allergen–challenged wild‐type mice are capable of prolonged survival ex vivo, in contrast to eosinophils from both untreated and fungal allergen–challenged IL5tg mice, which undergo rapid demise in the absence of exogenous cytokine support. TNF‐α (but not IL5, IL‐3, eotaxin‐1 or GM‐CSF) was detected in supernatants of ex vivo eosinophil cultures from the lungs of fungal allergen–challenged wild‐type mice. However, neither TNF‐α gene deletion nor anti‐TNF‐α neutralizing antibodies had any impact sustained eosinophil survival ex vivo.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Eosinophils are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. As shown here, eosinophils from fungal allergen–challenged wild‐type mice maintain a distinct cytokine profile, and, unlike eosinophils isolated from IL5tg mice, they survive ex vivo in the absence of exogenous pro‐survival cytokine support. As treatments for asthma currently in development focus on limiting eosinophil viability via strategic cytokine blockade, the molecular mechanisms underlying differential survival merit further investigation.
“Chondroblastoma‐like” epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma: A previously undescribed and potentially confusing variant
Authors: Martinez Anthony P. , Zou Youran , Billings Steven D. , Folpe Andrew L.
Published: October 2017

Background

Epithelioid benign fibrous histiocytoma has been considered a variant of fibrous histiocytoma, but is now considered a distinct entity, typically showing ALK expression. Most show typical morphological features, including an epidermal collarette and large, bland, epithelioid cells. We have recently encountered 2 examples showing an unusual pattern of pericellular calcification, a previously unreported finding.

Methods

Available slides were reviewed and clinical follow‐up was obtained.

Results

These lesions occurred on the chins of a 16‐year‐old and 19‐year‐old female and showed prominent pericellular calcification in addition to otherwise‐typical features of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma. By immunohistochemistry, both lesions were intensely positive for ALK protein. Clinical follow‐up (available for 1 case) showed the patient to be disease‐free 5 months after excision.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas showing “chondroblastoma‐like” calcification have not been previously reported. The chief significance of this finding seems to be in its potential for confusion with other calcifying tumors of the skin and subcutis. Awareness that epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas may show this unusual morphological finding, careful morphological evaluation and ancillary immunohistochemical studies, including ALK protein, should allow for their confident diagnosis in essentially all instances.
Estimating medial gastrocnemius muscle volume in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional investigation
Authors: Schless Simon‐Henri , Hanssen Britta , Cenni Francesco , Bar‐On Lynn , Aertbeliën Erwin , Molenaers Guy , Desloovere Kaat
Published: October 2017

Aim

This cross‐sectional investigation evaluates the reliability of estimating medial gastrocnemius anatomical cross‐sectional area (aCSA) in typically developing and spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) cohorts. It verifies whether muscle volume estimations based on aCSA improve when aCSA is multiplied by muscle–tendon unit (MTU) or muscle length, and whether the resulting errors in volume estimations are smaller than changes after intervention.

Method

Fifteen typically developing children (mean age 8y 2mo [SD 1y 5mo], six males, nine females) and 30 children with SCP (mean age 9y 2mo [SD 2y 5mo], 22 males, eight females, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I=15, II=15) participated in the investigation. The SCP cohort was divided according to GMFCS level. A three‐dimensional freehand ultrasound technique was used to estimate medial gastrocnemius aCSA, muscle volume, MTU, and muscle length. Estimated muscle volume (aCSA×MTU or muscle length) was compared with the measured muscle volume.

Results

Anatomical cross‐sectional area, muscle volume, and muscle length significantly differed between the typically developing and two SCP cohorts (p≤0.050). aCSA multiplied by either MTU or muscle length improved estimations of medial gastrocnemius volume. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation revealed an absolute difference with measured muscle volume of 3.77 ml (SD 2.90).

Interpretation

This investigation revealed that medial gastrocnemius muscle volume can be reliably estimated in a clinically feasible manner in typically developing children and those with SCP.

What this paper adds

Medial gastrocnemius anatomical cross‐sectional area (aCSA) can be reliably estimated in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

The location of the anatomical cross‐section should be taken with respect to muscle and not bone length.

Medial gastrocnemius volume can be reliably estimated by multiplying aCSA and muscle length.

The errors in volume estimations are smaller than reported differences after interventions.
Ventricular dyssynchrony as a marker of latent carditis in children with acute rheumatic fever: A tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Alawady Waleed S. , Salem Abdelhakeem
Published: October 2017

Objective

We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the presence of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) children may be a predictor of latent rheumatic carditis.

Methods

Eighty‐nine children with ARF and 45 healthy control children were included the study. LV dyssynchrony was investigated by color‐coded tissue Doppler imaging.

Results

LV dyssynchrony parameters including Ts‐SD‐12, Ts‐12, Ts‐SD‐6, and Ts‐6 were found to be prolonged in children with ARF than in controls (P < .001). We found that 45.2% in children with ARF without carditis had LV dyssynchrony (Ts‐SD‐12 ≥ 34.4 ms), while 63.4% in children with ARF with carditis had LV dyssynchrony. Follow‐up analysis demonstrated that children with arthritis and without dyssynchrony had no adverse events (recurrent rheumatic activity, development of valvular diseases; heart failure and atrial fibrillation), while those with LV dyssynchrony had events rate of 40.9% (P < .001). Likewise, children with carditis had event rates of 63.4%. Ts‐SD‐12 was found to be correlated with hs‐CRP (r = .63; P < .001). Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a Ts‐SD‐12 ≥ 36.5 was the optimal cutoff value in predicting unfavorable outcome in patients with ARF, with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 82%.

Conclusions

We found that children with ARF without any evidence of carditis had a significant LV systolic dyssynchrony spite of normal EF. LV dyssynchrony in those children had a significant event rates on follow‐up. These results highlighted the incremental value of LV dyssynchrony as a marker of subclinical carditis in children with ARF.
High mortality and enhanced recovery: modelling the countervailing effects of disturbance on population dynamics
Authors: McMullen Laura E. , De Leenheer Patrick , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Lytle David A.
Published: October 2017

Disturbances cause high mortality in populations while simultaneously enhancing population growth by improving habitats. These countervailing effects make it difficult to predict population dynamics following disturbance events. To address this challenge, we derived a novel form of the logistic growth equation that permits time‐varying carrying capacity and growth rate. We combined this equation with concepts drawn from disturbance ecology to create a general model for population dynamics in disturbance‐prone systems. A river flooding example using three insect species (a fast life‐cycle mayfly, a slow life‐cycle dragonfly and an ostracod) found optimal tradeoffs between disturbance frequency vs. magnitude and a close fit to empirical data in 62% of cases. A savanna fire analysis identified fire frequencies of 3–4 years that maximised population size of a perennial grass. The model shows promise for predicting population dynamics after multiple disturbance events and for management of river flows and fire regimes.
Branding Instead of Product Innovation: A Study on the Brand Personalities of the UK's Electricity Market
Authors: Rutter Richard , Chalvatzis Konstantinos J. , Roper Stuart , Lettice Fiona
Published: October 2017

This study extends understanding of and demonstrates the importance of corporate branding in the energy sector. We analyse the relationship between branding and consumer switching behaviour among the UK's Big Six electricity providers. Since privatization companies have competed against each other, but to the consumer they often appear to have very similar product offerings; firms also face criticism from consumer groups regarding confusing and difficult to compare pricing schemes. This study examines the use of corporate branding to enhance differentiation and specifically examines the influence of brand consistency and brand personality on the retention of customers. Consumers, who find it difficult to compare tariffs, may be influenced by more demonstrable factors like branding. We demonstrate the importance of longitudinal brand consistency, as well as the personality dimension excitement, which when communicated strongly has the greatest influence on customer retention levels. This work contributes to branding theory, demonstrating that brand personality does differentiate otherwise homogeneous (and low‐contact) services. Managerial implications are presented for brands seeking to improve consumer retention.
High incidence of aseptic hip necrosis in Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with escalated BEACOPP receiving methylprednisolone
Authors: Basic‐Kinda Sandra , Karlak Ivan , Durakovic Nadira , Lubina Zvonimir I. , Livaja Radman Ivo , Dotlic Snježana , Peric Zinaida , Hude Ida , Aurer Igor
Published: October 2017

Background

Escalated BEACOPP (eBEACOPP) is an effective but fairly toxic regimen for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head was previously reported to increase in patients treated with eBEACOPP, but so far, no systematic analysis of its frequency has been published.

Aims

To analyse the frequency and identify possible risk factors for AVN development in patients treated with eBEACOPP.

Methods

We identified 26 patients treated with eBEACOPP for newly diagnosed high‐risk advanced‐stage HL, 25 of whom were alive at the time of study. All patients were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional study; 17 patients responded and were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and orthopaedic examination.

Results

Six patients (35.3%) were diagnosed with AVN after receiving eBEACOPP treatment. AVN was not correlated with age, gender, number of received eBEACOPP cycles, irradiation therapy or cumulative dose of steroids administered. There were significantly more cases of AVN in patients receiving methylprednisolone than prednisone (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

The use of methylprednisolone was shown to be a risk factor for the development of AVN in patients treated with eBEACOPP and should not be the corticosteroid of choice in the treatment of patients with HL.
Association between γ marker, human leucocyte antigens and killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors and the natural course of human cytomegalovirus infection: a pilot study performed in a Sicilian population
Authors: Di Bona Danilo , Accardi Giulia , Aiello Anna , Bilancia Massimo , Candore Giuseppina , Colomba Claudia , Caruso Calogero , Duro Giovanni , Gambino Caterina M. , Macchia Luigi , Pandey Janardan P.
Published: October 2017

Natural killer (NK) cells provide a major defence against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection through the interaction of their surface receptors, including the activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs), and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Also γ marker (GM) allotypes, able to influence the NK antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, appear to be involved in the immunological control of virus infections, including HCMV. In some cases, their contribution requires epistatic interaction with other genes of the immune system, such as HLA. In the present report, with the aim of gaining insight into the immune mechanisms controlling HCMV, we have studied the possible associations among humoral and NK responses, and HCMV infections. In a previous study we assessed whether the KIR and HLA repertoire might influence the risk of developing symptomatic (n = 60) or asymptomatic (n = 60) disease after primary HCMV infection in the immunocompetent host. In the present study, the immunocompetent patients with primary symptomatic HCMV infection were genotyped for GM3/17 and GM23 allotypes, along with the 60 participants with a previous asymptomatic infection as controls. Notwithstanding the presence of missing data record, advanced missing data recovery techniques were able to show that individuals carrying the GM23 allotypes, both homozygous and heterozygous, GM17/17, HLA‐C2 and Bw4T KIR‐ligand groups are associated with the risk of developing symptomatic infection. Our findings on the role of both cellular and humoral immunity in the control of HCMV infection should be of value in guiding efforts to reduce HCMV‐associated health complications in the elderly, including immunosenescence, and in transplantation.
VALUE, PRICE, AND EXPLOITATION: THE LOGIC OF THE TRANSFORMATION PROBLEM
Authors: Mohun Simon , Veneziani Roberto
Published: October 2017

This paper tries to clarify the logical structure of the relationship between labor values and prices from an axiomatic perspective. The famous “transformation problem” is interpreted as an impossibility result for a specific interpretation of value theory based on specific assumptions and definitions. A comprehensive review of recent literature is provided, which shows that there are various theoretically relevant and logically consistent alternative interpretations based on different assumptions and definitions.
Scoring model to predict massive post‐partum bleeding in pregnancies with placenta previa: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Ahn Eun Hee , Kang Sukho , Moon Myung Jin , Jung Sang Hee , Chang Sung Woon , Cho Hee Young
Published: October 2017

Aim

We aimed to identify factors associated with massive post‐partum bleeding in pregnancies with placenta previa and to establish a scoring model to predict post‐partum severe bleeding.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed in 506 healthy singleton pregnancies with placenta previa from 2006 to 2016. Cases with intraoperative blood loss (≥2000 mL), packed red blood cells transfusion (≥4), uterine artery embolization, or hysterectomy were defined as massive bleeding. After performing multivariable analysis, using the adjusted odds ratios (aOR), we formulated a scoring model.

Results

Seventy‐three women experienced massive post‐partum bleeding (14.4%). After multivariable analysis, seven variables were associated with massive bleeding: maternal old age (≥35 years; aOR 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–3.20, P = 0.049), antepartum bleeding (aOR 4.76, 95%CI 2.01–11.02, P < 0.001), non‐cephalic presentation (aOR 3.41, 95%CI 1.40–8.30, P = 0.007), complete placenta previa (aOR 1.93, 95%CI 1.05–3.54, P = 0.034), anterior placenta (aOR 2.74, 95%CI 1.54–4.89, P = 0.001), multiple lacunae (≥4; aOR 2.77, 95%CI 1.54–4.99, P = 0.001), and uteroplacental hypervascularity (aOR 4.51, 95%CI 2.30–8.83, P < 0.001). We formulated a scoring model including maternal old age (<35: 0, ≥35: 1), antepartum bleeding (no: 0, yes: 2), fetal non‐cephalic presentation (no: 0, yes: 2), placenta previa type (incomplete: 0, complete: 1), placenta location (posterior: 0, anterior: 1), uteroplacental hypervascularity (no: 0, yes: 2), and multiple lacunae (no: 0, yes: 1) to predict post‐partum massive bleeding. According to our scoring model, a score of 5/10 had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 77% for predicting massive post‐partum bleeding. The area under the receiver–operator curve was 0.856 (P < 0.001). The negative predictive value was 95.9%.

Conclusion

Our scoring model might provide useful information for prediction of massive post‐partum bleeding in pregnancies with placenta previa.
Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in European soya bean and rapeseed products fed to growing pigs
Authors: Kaewtapee C. , Mosenthin R. , Nenning S. , Wiltafsky M. , Schäffler M. , Eklund M. , Rosenfelder‐Kuon P.
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of European soya bean and rapeseed products in pigs. Six soya bean and two rapeseed products were used as the sole dietary source of CP and AA, including raw (FFSB) and roasted full‐fat soya beans (FFSBRoasted), soya bean (SBC) and rapeseed cake (RSC), and rapeseed meal (RSM) from Bavaria (Germany), soya bean meal (SBM) from the Danube region (Austria; SBMAustria), a commercially available standard SBM (SBMStd) and an imported genetically modified organism‐free SBM (SBMGMO‐free). Eight ileal‐ cannulated pigs with an initial body weight of 32 ± 2 kg were allotted to a row‐column design with eight diets and six periods of seven days each. Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) ranged from 1.8 in SBMStd to 24.5 mg/g DM in FFSB. The SID of CP and all AA in FFSBRoasted were greater than in FFSB, but lower when compared to SBC and SBMAustria (p < .05). The SID of CP and all AA (except glutamic acid) were not different between SBC and SBMAustria, but the SID of CP and all AA (except methionine) were greater (p < .05) in SBC than in SBMGMO‐free. Furthermore, the SID of CP and most AA showed a quadratic response with decreasing TIA, and there exists a quadratic response in SID of CP and all AA with increasing lysine to CP ratio and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (p < .05). In conclusion, variation in chemical composition and SID of CP and AA was observed in different European soya bean and rapeseed products as influenced by differences in processing conditions. European SBC and SBMAustria can be used as alternative to imported SBMGMO‐free and SBMStd in diets for growing pigs.
Monitoring of fusion gene transcripts to predict relapse in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Matsuo Hidemasa , Iijima‐Yamashita Yuka , Yamada Miho , Deguchi Takao , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Shimada Akira , Tawa Akio , Tomizawa Daisuke , Taga Takashi , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Adachi Souichi , Horibe Keizo
Published: October 2017

Background

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accurate detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) enables better risk‐stratified therapy. There are few studies, however, on the monitoring of multiple fusion transcripts and evaluation of their accuracy as indicators of MRD at multiple time points.

Methods

We retrospectively examined RNA obtained from 82 pediatric AML patients enrolled in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG) AML‐05 study. The expression of six important fusion transcripts (AML1(RUNX1)‐ETO, CBFB‐MYH11, MLL(KMT2A)‐AF9, MLL‐ELL, MLL‐AF6, and FUS‐ERG) was analyzed at five time points 30–40 days apart following diagnosis.

Results

In patients with AML1‐ETO (n = 36 at time point 5), all six patients with >3,000 copies and four of 30 patients with ≤3,000 copies relapsed. AML1‐ETO transcripts persisted during treatment even in patients without relapse, as well as CBFB‐MYH11 transcripts. In contrast, in patients with MLL‐AF9 (n = 9 at time point 5), two patients were positive for MLL‐AF9 expression (>50 copies) and both relapsed. Only one of seven MLL‐AF9‐negative patients relapsed. In the AML1‐ETO group, MRD‐positive patients (>3,000 copies at time point 5) had significantly lower relapse‐free survival (RFS; P < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.009) than MRD‐negative patients. Similarly, in the MLL‐AF9 group, MRD‐positive patients (>50 copies at time point 5) had significantly lower RFS (P = 0.002) and OS (P = 0.002) than MRD‐negative patients.

Conclusions

Detection of MLL‐AF9 transcripts on real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a promising marker of relapse in pediatric AML. In contrast, the clinical utility of detecting AML1‐ETO and CBFB‐MYH11 expression is limited, although higher AML1‐ETO expression can be a potential predictor of relapse when assessed according to an optimal threshold.
Quality of life after living donor liver transplant for biliary atresia in Japan
Authors: Kikuchi Ryota , Mizuta Koichi , Urahashi Taizen , Sanada Yukihiro , Yamada Naoya , Onuma Erika , Sato Iori , Kamibeppu Kiyoko
Published: October 2017

Background

Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome in solid organ transplantation. This study evaluated and explored the factors of generic and transplant‐specific HRQOL in Japanese pediatric and adolescent patients with biliary atresia (BA) after living donor liver transplant (LDLT).

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey using anonymous questionnaires was completed between April and July 2015. Patient medical records were accessed. The Japanese version of Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM Generic Core Scales and Transplant Modules (child self‐report and parent proxy‐report) was administered.

Results

Participants consisted of 75 patients (mean age at survey, 9.6 years) and 74 parents. Japanese patients reported higher generic and transplant‐specific HRQOL (total score) than that reported by US patients with BA after LT (US I; age at survey, 7.2 years) and by US patients after solid organ transplant (US II; age at survey, 11.3 years; LT, 53.8%; effect size, 0.55–0.96). Japanese parents, however, rated their children's generic HRQOL (total score) similar to that rated by the US I and II parents (0.13 and 0.30, respectively) and reported lower transplant‐specific HRQOL (total score) than that reported by US II (0.26). Although the number of types of prescribed drugs was a common factor in HRQOL, most demographic and medical factors (e.g. child's age at survey and consultation frequency) varied with reporter (i.e. patients and parents).

Conclusions

The levels and factors of generic and transplant‐specific HRQOL of Japanese pediatric and adolescent patients with BA after LDLT varied with reporter (i.e. patients or parents).
The Design and Practice of Integrating Evidence: Connecting Performance Management with Program Evaluation
Authors: Kroll Alexander , Moynihan Donald P.
Published: October 2017

In recent decades, governments have invested in the creation of two forms of knowledge production about government performance: program evaluations and performance management. Prior research has noted tensions between these two approaches and the potential for complementarities when they are aligned. This article offers empirical evidence on how program evaluations connect with performance management in the U.S. federal government in 2000 and 2013. In the later time period, there is an interactive effect between the two approaches, which, the authors argue, reflects deliberate efforts by the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations to build closer connections between program evaluation and performance management. Drawing on the 2013 data, the authors offer evidence that how evaluations are implemented matters and that evaluations facilitate performance information use by reducing the causal uncertainty that managers face as they try to make sense of what performance data mean.
“Big Tigers, Big Data”: Learning Social Reactions to China's Anticorruption Campaign through Online Feedback
Authors: Zhu Jiangnan , Huang Huang , Zhang Dong
Published: October 2017

This article examines the effect of campaign‐style anticorruption efforts on political support using the case of China's most recent anticorruption drive, which stands out for its harsh crackdown on high‐ranking officials, known as “big tigers.” An exploratory text analysis of more than 370,000 online comments on the downfall of the first 100 big tigers, from 2012 to 2015, reveals that public support for the top national leader who initiated the anticorruption campaign significantly exceeded that afforded to anticorruption agencies and institutions. Further regression analyses show that support for the leaders with respect to intuitions increased with the tigers' party ranking. Findings suggest that while campaign‐style enforcement can reinforce the central authority and magnify support for individual leaders, it may also marginalize the role of legal institutions crucial to long‐term corruption control.
The Synthesis of Everglades Restoration and Ecosystem Services (SERES): a case study for interactive knowledge exchange to guide Everglades restoration
Authors: Borkhataria Rena R. , Wetzel Paul R. , Henriquez Hiram , Davis Stephen E.
Published: October 2017

Despite substantial investments in large‐scale ecosystem restoration efforts, scientific information to inform restoration decision‐making is often lacking. This gap between science and practice has been attributed to a number of factors, including the inherent complexity of environmental challenges, financial considerations, as well as a lack of communication between scientists, practitioners, and the public. Restoration of the Everglades (Florida, U.S.A.) is a multi‐billion dollar state‐federal partnership that entails restoring the flow of clean freshwater from Lake Okeechobee to the remnant Everglades, while ensuring flood protection and water supply for millions of people. We describe the role of a boundary organization, The Everglades Foundation, in coordinating, synthesizing, and communicating science related to the restoration of the Florida Everglades. Through the SERES (Synthesis of Everglades Restoration and Ecosystem Services) project, The Everglades Foundation established a credible team of scientific experts to address ecosystem responses to a suite of restoration scenarios, involving varying degrees of water storage and decompartmentalization. To ensure relevance of synthesis products, managers and practitioners from key agencies and organizations were consulted from the outset to understand the science management questions that were stalling on‐the‐ground action. Project results were conveyed in multiple formats to appeal to policymakers, practitioners, and scientists. For nonscientists, outcomes of four restoration scenarios on numerous ecosystem elements were compared to the base condition using sophisticated and accessible graphics and a nontechnical writing style. For scientists, additional information was made available through white papers, presentations, and peer‐reviewed manuscripts explaining the science behind the syntheses, presented within this issue.
Management implications for the reintroduction of the endangered Hawaiian state flowerHibiscus brackenridgei
Authors: Rovzar Corey , Gillespie Thomas W. , Shirman Matthew K. , Hubel Anna F. , Kawelo Kapua
Published: October 2017

Dry forests of Hawai'i are one of the most endangered forest types worldwide with 45% of all native tree and shrub species listed as federally threatened or endangered. Supplementation and reintroduction of endangered dry forest species are necessary to maintain viable population sizes. The goal of this research was to reintroduceHibiscus brackenridgeimokuleianus, the state flower of Hawai'i and a federally endangered species, into its historical range on O'ahu. We determined the environmental variables contributing to plant survival and growth, assessed the effectiveness of a reintroduction program with minimal management, and evaluated the potential for habitat suitability models to assist in selection of optimal sites for reintroduction. Forty‐five individuals were grown from cuttings and transplanted in two regions: Ka'ena Point (2 sites, 10 individuals each site) and along Kealia Trail (5 sites, 5 individuals each site). Survival and height measurements were taken four times over the course of 25 months. There was 35% survival at Ka'ena Point and 76% survival at Kealia Trail and an average plant growth of 70.5 cm (±30.1 cm) and 121.6 cm (±61.7 cm), respectively. Ka'ena Point had significantly lower survival (p > 0.001) and growth rates (p > 0.001) than Kealia Trail. Plants survived best at sites with steep slopes and high soil moisture and grew the most in sites with steeper slopes, higher soil moisture, and lower soil bulk density. These findings provide insight into environmental variables which should be considered prior to planting as well as the intensity of site management.
Stochastic Differential Equation Based on a Multimodal Potential to Model Movement Data in Ecology
Authors: Gloaguen Pierre , Etienne Marie-Pierre , Le Corff Sylvain
Published: October 2017

The paper proposes a new model for individuals’ movement in ecology. The movement process is defined as a solution to a stochastic differential equation whose drift is the gradient of a multimodal potential surface. This offers a new flexible approach among the popular potential-based movement models in ecology. To perform parameter inference, the widely used Euler method is compared with two other pseudolikelihood procedures and with a Monte Carlo expectation–maximization approach based on exact simulation of diffusions. Performances of all methods are assessed with simulated data and with a data set of fishing vessel trajectories. We show that the usual Euler method performs worse than the other procedures for all sampling schemes.