bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borderland Political Regimes in Latin America
Authors: Dilla Alfonso Haroldo , Hansen Figueroa Karen
Published: September 2020

One of the characteristics of contemporary political geography is the transformation of international borders into resources for capitalist value creation. This has been accompanied by the emergence of new identities and practices that challenge the nationalist doxa. Borderland political regimes seek to account for this complexity as it is expressed in the way in which the nation-states perceive and try to govern these spaces of overlapping territorialities. An analysis of the ways in which Chile, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic perceive their borders and produce regulations and institutional frameworks based on both their particular histories and the requirements of neoliberal capitalist accumulation concludes with a series of proposals for inclusive governance systems that take the aforementioned complexities into account.

Una de las características de la geografía política contemporánea es la transformación de las fronteras internacionales en recursos para la creación de valor capitalista. Esto se ha acompañado de la aparición de nuevas identidades y prácticas que desafían la doxa nacionalista. Los regímenes políticos fronterizos tratan de dar cuenta de esta complejidad, expresada en la forma en que los Estados-nación perciben y tratan de gobernar estos espacios de supuestas territorialidades. Un análisis de las maneras en que Chile, Colombia y República Dominicana perciben sus fronteras y emiten regulaciones y marcos institucionales basados tanto en sus historias nacionales particulares como en los requisitos de la acumulación capitalista neoliberal concluye con una serie de propuestas para sistemas de gobierno inclusivos que tomen en cuenta las complejidades antes mencionadas.
Racializing Region: Internal Orientalism, Social Media, and the Perpetuation of Stereotypes and Prejudice against Brazilian Nordestinos
Authors: Serrão Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

Consideration of the prevalence of regional prejudice in Brazil shows how stereotypical assumptions about culture, race, and socioeconomic class inform regional biases. A comparison of discriminatory social media posts after the 2014 and 2018 presidential elections reveals similarities in most of the racist and xenophobic language in the two election cycles but an increase in references to Venezuela and Cuba and heightened animosity toward the Partido dos Trabalhadores in 2018. Racism directed by social media users against nordestinos is part of a historical continuum of oppression fostered by regional stereotypes and failed public policies that have real-life implications for Brazil’s nordestinos.

A consideração da prevalência de preconceito regional no Brasil mostra a centralidade de premissas estereotipadas sobre cultura, raça e classe socioeconômica. Uma comparação de publicações discriminatórias nas mídias sociais após as eleições presidenciais de 2014 e 2018 revela semelhanças na maior parte da linguagem racista e xenofóbica nos dois ciclos eleitorais, mas um aumento nas referências à Venezuela e Cuba e maior animosidade em relação ao Partido dos Trabalhadores em 2018. Racismo dirigido por usuários de mídia social contra os nordestinos faz parte de um continuum histórico de opressão promovida por estereótipos regionais e políticas públicas fracassadas que têm implicações na vida real para os nordestinos do Brasil.
This City Is An Archive: Squatting History and Urban Authority
Authors: Burgum Samuel
Published: September 2020

Since the archival turn, archives have been widely portrayed as “dominating” institutions, which has led to even community archives being defined as “anti-authority.” It is the contention of this paper that this approach misses (1) the way in which DIY archives provide territorial authority for marginalized communities, and (2) the radical potential of such counter-narratives in seeing the city itself as an archive. Outlining both the role of archival authority in community archives and the use of an archival imagination in approaching the city, the paper considers possibilities for urban movements and campaigns, bringing together examples from the Resistance Project, 56a Infoshop, Advisory Service for Squatters, Occupy London, and the Remembering Olive Collective. An approach is forwarded which, in light of the participatory turn in archival studies, reframes the city as an archive, to encourage attentiveness to authority and to produce a capacity to aspire.
Committing Before Cohabiting: Pathways to Marriage Among Middle-Class Couples
Authors: Harris Lauren E.
Published: September 2020

This study investigates why cohabitation is so common even among those most committed to marriage. To understand the variety of meanings to co-residence, this study interviewed each member of 23 heterosexual, middle-class couples, totaling 46 interviews. Research categorizes cohabitations as extensions of dating, alternatives to marriage, or trial marriages, but interviews highlight the prevalence and importance of a fourth, under-researched category, cohabitation as a precursor to marriage. Before cohabitation, these couples expressed marriage intentions and viewed cohabitation as a promise to marry in the future. Why do couples committed to marriage still decide to cohabit? The data show that cohabitation as a precursor to marriage is explicitly connected to increasing marriage requirements in that couples cohabit instead of marry to meet the rising bar to marriage. While research has shown financial security and stability impact low-income couples, this study illustrates how these barriers have similar effects for middle-class couples.
Race Against Time: The Effects of Principal Race and Time Use on Teacher Perceptions of Leadership
Authors: Keese Jeffrey , Sùarez Mario , Waxman Hersh
Published: September 2020

To examine the relationships between principal time use, race, and teacher perceptions of their school and principal, this study analyzes data from the 2015-2016 NCES National Teacher and Principal Surveys. Data from 31,950 teachers and 5,710 principals were analyzed using ordinal logistic regressions while controlling for principal time use in curricular tasks, student interactions, administrative tasks, parent interactions as well as principal and student population race. Significant findings include that teacher perceptions of their school and principal were significantly related to the racial composition of their school’s student body and/or the principal’s race, but not to principal time use. Implications and recommendations for researchers and school leaders are offered.
Can Sport Build Peace After Conflict? Public Attitudes in Transitional Northern Ireland
Authors: Mitchell David , Somerville Ian , Hargie Owen , Simms Victoria
Published: September 2020

The growth of the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) movement has provoked considerable scholarly interrogation of the claimed social benefits of sport. However, little is known of public attitudes to the topic. This article reports research carried out in Northern Ireland regarding sport as a means of bringing divided communities together. Respondents viewed sport as effective in breaking down barriers, yet the demographic reach in terms of the participants in sports-based projects was shown to be limited. Qualitative research revealed diverse experiences of the impact of sport. The conclusion highlights the significance of a public attitudes perspective on SDP—it can reveal (a) the degree of public receptivity to SDP, (b) the participating constituencies, and (c) sociopolitical barriers to SDP and wider sporting inclusivity.
Combining learned and analytical models for predicting action effects from sensory data
Authors: Kloss Alina , Schaal Stefan , Bohg Jeannette
Published: September 2020

One of the most basic skills a robot should possess is predicting the effect of physical interactions with objects in the environment. This enables optimal action selection to reach a certain goal state. Traditionally, dynamics are approximated by physics-based analytical models. These models rely on specific state representations that may be hard to obtain from raw sensory data, especially if no knowledge of the object shape is assumed. More recently, we have seen learning approaches that can predict the effect of complex physical interactions directly from sensory input. It is, however, an open question how far these models generalize beyond their training data. In this work, we investigate the advantages and limitations of neural-network-based learning approaches for predicting the effects of actions based on sensory input and show how analytical and learned models can be combined to leverage the best of both worlds. As physical interaction task, we use planar pushing, for which there exists a well-known analytical model and a large real-world dataset. We propose the use of a convolutional neural network to convert raw depth images or organized point clouds into a suitable representation for the analytical model and compare this approach with using neural networks for both, perception and prediction. A systematic evaluation of the proposed approach on a very large real-world dataset shows two main advantages of the hybrid architecture. Compared with a pure neural network, it significantly (i) reduces required training data and (ii) improves generalization to novel physical interaction.
Narrative Rehabilitation: Manifestation of Chinese and Western Reform Ideals and Practices
Authors: Zhang Xiaoye
Published: September 2020

The existing literature has shown that in Western penal systems there is often an official demand for narrative rehabilitation during treatment programs, and has criticized the requirement for a narrative change to correspond with the “judicial-correctional truth.” This study is based on participant observation in a male prison in mainland China. Through a comparative lens, this paper found that offenders in Western treatment programs are required to demonstrate a change in narrative identity that is immersed in details from their personal history and from judicial discourse, whereas the Chinese penal system scrutinizes individuality less and focuses more on adherence to a unified narrative form and structure. While both systems are concerned with social control and the legitimation of penal power, Chinese prisons are less concerned with cognitive specifics and more with overt behavioral compliance. Both practices of narrative rehabilitation may be insufficient in facilitating the complex needs of offenders to desist from reoffending.
Feasibility Study on Independent Instrument Approach Operations between Runways 36L/18R and 01/19 at Beijing Capital International Airport
Authors: Wang Lili , Lu Shengnan , Wei Fang
Published: September 2020

Beijing Capital International Airport is one of the busiest hub airports in the world, but its capacity is limited. Reducing the minimum radar interval during instrument approaches would be feasible to increase capacity. The airport has three parallel runways; the distance between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 is 3.485 km. Currently, because there is no final monitoring seat, the dependent parallel instrument approach mode is adopted on the two runways; approaching aircraft must maintain a 4 km safety separation. This paper focuses on whether the 4 km radar safety separation for parallel instrument approaches could be reduced to 3.485 km without the final monitoring. This would mean implementing independent instrument approach operations between the two runways. To consider this, a new collision risk model based on position error probability and aircraft kinematics is proposed. A test program to acquire data on controllers’ reaction times in abnormal situations was designed and implemented over 10 days by the North China Air Traffic Management Bureau (ATMB). Furthermore, six months of radar trajectory data was collected at the airport. This was analyzed and processed to obtain the position error, speed, and other parameters required for the calculation of the collision risk model. The results show that the independent instrument approach operations between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 would be feasible the within safety target level set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICO). Based on the theoretical research results, the North China ATCB implemented independent instrument approaches between runways 36L/18R and 01/19 on December 25, 2018; it has operated safely since.
Simulation-Based Evaluation of a New Integrated Intersection Control Scheme for Connected Automated Vehicles and Pedestrians
Authors: Niels Tanja , Mitrovic Nikola , Dobrota Nemanja , Bogenberger Klaus , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Bertini Robert
Published: September 2020

In a fully connected traffic environment with automated vehicles, new traffic control strategies could replace traditional traffic signals at intersections. In recent years, several studies about reservation-based intersection control strategies have been published, and a significant increase in capacity was shown. In the strategies presented so far, other road users usually play a minor role or are not considered at all. However, many use cases of automated driving occur in urban environments, where pedestrians and bicyclists play a major role. In this paper, a novel strategy for integrating pedestrians into automated intersection management is introduced and compared with a fully actuated traffic (AT) signal control. The presented control consists of a first-come, first-served strategy for vehicles in combination with an on-demand traffic signal for pedestrians. The proposed intersection control is explained, implemented, and tested on a four-leg intersection with several lanes coming from each direction. It dynamically assigns vehicles to lanes, and vehicles follow a protocol that enables cooperative lane-changing on the approach to the intersection. Demand-responsive pedestrian phases are included in such a way that predefined maximum pedestrian waiting times are not exceeded. A set of demand scenarios is simulated using a microsimulation platform. The evaluation shows that the presented control performs significantly better than the AT control when considering low, medium, and high traffic demand. Pedestrian waiting times are slightly improved and at the same time vehicle delays are substantially decreased. However, the control needs to be improved for scenarios with a very high vehicle demand.
Modeling Mode Choice of Air Passengers’ Ground Access to Brisbane Airport
Authors: Pasha Md Mosabbir , Hickman Mark D. , Prato Carlo G.
Published: September 2020

Like other developed countries, Australia is experiencing considerable growth in air travel demand. This growth is putting tremendous pressure on airports to improve the capacity and level of service of access and egress modes. The main goal of this study was to develop a robust mode choice model for passengers’ access to airports, in the context of Brisbane, Australia. The novelty of this study includes (1) the use of recent techniques to combine passengers’ revealed and stated preferences for mode of access to airports and (2) the development of both traditional multinomial logit (MNL) as well as mixed logit (MXL) models using these data. The data were collected from 1,435 passengers through an online survey of both revealed and stated preferences, with the stated preferences pivoting on their most recent trip to Brisbane Airport. With these data, access mode choice models were estimated. MNL and MXL models were estimated that directly considered the effects of passenger mode choice inertia as well as novel passenger-specific characteristics. These factors had a large, statistically significant effect on the estimated models. The benefit of the MXL model was shown in the results, as the passengers’ value of time from the MXL model was A$105.15/h, which was strikingly lower than the MNL-estimated value of time. In addition, there were notably high direct elasticities for bus and shuttle with respect to travel time, and for car and taxi with respect to travel cost.
Queue-Based Headway Distribution Models at Signal Controlled Intersection under Mixed Traffic
Authors: Mondal Satyajit , Gupta Ankit
Published: September 2020

Headway of vehicles during platoon dispersion at signalized intersection is one of the critical microscopic traffic characteristics in traffic flow theory. The distribution of the discharge headways of vehicles also has a significant impact on the traffic generation process in most of the microsimulation approaches. However, few studies have investigated the vehicle discharge headway for interrupted flow at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions. The present study uses data collected from 20 intersections in six cities for comprehensive analysis of discharge headway. A box-and-whiskers plot is generated for discharge headway to quantify its reasonable profile. The diagram shows that headway of vehicles decreases with the queue dispersion. A stable headway can be observed after the fifth vehicle position of a queue, giving a saturation headway of 2.05 s per vehicle. Six types of continuous distribution are tested to model the discharge headway distribution. A statistical investigation is also performed to verify the best-fitted model for each vehicle position in a queue. The ranking of a best-fitted distribution is done for each vehicle position as per the statistical significance. This study demonstrates the discharge headway characteristics and distribution at each vehicle position, which can be useful for traffic flow analysis and especially for improving microsimulation models.
Association between splenic volume and pulsatility index in patients with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Okumura Takahiro , Sawamura Akinori , Kondo Toru , Kazama Shingo , Kimura Yuki , Shibata Naoki , Arao Yoshihito , Oishi Hideo , Kato Hiroo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Yamaguchi Shogo , Furusawa Kenji , Morimoto Ryota , Fujimoto Kazuro , Mutsuga Masato , Usui Akihiko , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: September 2020

The spleen serves as a blood volume reservoir for systemic volume regulation in heart failure (HF) patients. Changes are seen in spleen size in advanced HF patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The pulsatility index (PI) is an indicator of native heart contractility with hemodynamic changes in patients using LVAD. We hypothesized that the splenic volume was associated with the PI, reflecting the hemodynamics in advanced HF patients with LVADs. Herein, we investigated the relationship between splenic volume and PI in these patients. Forty-four patients with advanced HF underwent implantation of HeartMate II® (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) as a bridge to heart transplantation at the Nagoya University Hospital between October 2013 and June 2019. The data of 27 patients (21 men, median age 46 years) were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent blood tests, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and computed tomography (CT). Spleen size was measured via CT volumetry; the splenic volume (median: 190 mL) correlated with right arterial pressure ( r = 0.431, p = 0.025) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ( r = 0.384, p = 0.048). On multivariate linear regression analysis, the heart rate (β = −0.452, p = 0.003), pump power (β = −0.325, p = 0.023), and splenic volume (β = 0.299, p = 0.038) were independent determinants of PI. The splenic volume was associated with PI, reflecting the cardiac preload in advanced HF patients with LVADs. Thus, spleen measurement using CT may help estimate the systemic volume status and understand the hemodynamic conditions in LVAD patients.
Path-Break Versus Path-Drift: A Comparative Approach to Explain Variations in Institutional Effects on Economic Growth
Authors: Tamilina Larysa , Tamilina Natalya
Published: September 2020

This study introduces a comprehensive model of institutional grafting wherein cultural, market, and political forces shape new legal institutions. The model is used to suggest that a country’s growth rates are a function of incongruence between legal institutions and the three forces. We demonstrate that incongruence is large in path-break but tends to be significantly smaller in path-drift. We argue that legal institutions are thereby instrumental to economic growth when a country drifts along the established institutional path and only modestly influence growth rates during institutional path change. In the latter case, the political dimension determines the success of both growth trajectories and institutional reforms. These propositions are tested empirically based on a sample of 106 countries derived from the POLITY IV Project’s website.

JEL Classifications: O17, O43, O57, P26, P37
What Makes a City a Good Place to Live and Grow Old?
Authors: Brossoie Nancy , Burns Derek
Published: September 2020

As increasing numbers of adults are living longer and remaining in their communities as they age, city planners and leaders are exploring how cities need to adapt to ensure their community is age-friendly and a good place for residents to age-in-place. Using secondary data collected from mid-Atlantic city residents aged 45+ years, quantitative analyses were conducted to determine what makes a community a good place to live and grow old. Path model analyses revealed significant relationships among self-reported quality of life and the beliefs that the City and the neighborhood were good places to live and grow old. Features of the built environment and perceived help from neighbors were significantly correlated to separate factors in the models, but not significant contributors to the models. Findings support conceptualizing age-friendly community models and community initiatives using a neighborhood-level lens and engaging older residents to capture the context of their lives and lived experiences.
The Effects of Social Skill Interventions for Adolescents With Autism: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Babb Salena , Raulston Tracy J. , McNaughton David , Lee Joo-Young , Weintraub Rachel
Published: September 2020

Communicating with peers often poses challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); these social interactions, however, can be especially difficult during the teenage years. For many adolescents with ASD, peer interaction is often limited or nonexistent, even for those taught in general education settings. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate social interaction interventions for adolescents with ASD within public school settings, with a focus on studies that utilized single-case design. Studies were evaluated per the What Works Clearinghouse guidelines. This meta-analysis includes 24 studies with participants with ASD ranging in ages from 13 to 21 years. The effects of social skill interventions were evaluated using visual analysis, Tau- U, and a parametric effect size ( d-Hedges–Pustejovsky–Shadish [DHPS]). Combined effect sizes were calculated and compared. Results provide evidence that interventions can produce positive change in social behavior of adolescents with ASD. Effect sizes were generally large. Interpretations and implications are discussed.
Development and Validation of the Drama Triangle Scale: Are You a Victim, Rescuer, or Persecutor?
Authors: Lac Andrew , Donaldson Candice D.
Published: September 2020

The drama triangle is a theoretical framework to describe and understand the roles (Victim, Rescuer, and Persecutor) that people assume and perpetuate in interpersonal relationships, especially in contexts of “drama” or conflict. The Drama Triangle scale was developed, validated, and psychometrically scrutinized across three independent samples of adults. In Study 1 ( N = 326), the initial pool of items was generated based on reviewing the literature. Exploratory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of Victim (damsel in distress), Rescuer (hero), and Persecutor (villain) roles. In Study 2 ( N = 342), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) produced satisfactory fit indices. In Study 3 ( N = 301), another CFA successfully cross-validated the final set of items. Furthermore, tests of convergent, discriminant, and criterion validities evaluated this scale against previously validated external measures of attachment styles, anxiety, stress, depression, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The drama triangle subscales tended to be associated with non-secure attachment styles and higher anxiety, stress, depression, and negative emotions, but results varied depending on the specific drama subscale. The Victim subscale was most strongly connected with undesirable outcomes, supporting the theoretical premise that Victims receive blame from Persecutors and help from Rescuers. This measurement instrument helps to conceptualize, measure, and understand the drama roles of Victim, Rescuer, and Persecutor that people enact in interpersonal relationships. The scale offers theoretical and applied implications for administration in future research on interpersonal conflict, aggression, violence, and other domains.
Touch in children’s everyday peer relations in preschools
Authors: Keränen Virve , Viljamaa Elina , Uitto Minna
Published: September 2020

The article explores how touch appears in children’s everyday peer relations in preschools. The narrative research material consists of video recordings produced in four Finnish preschools. Touch in children’s relations appeared as an invitation, an attempt to control and a conventional pattern. The findings show that narrative environments of the preschools produce, enable and limit touch in the children’s everyday peer relations. In terms of touch, children follow the practices created by educators and the wider society. However, the children also challenge these practices and the set limits, appearing as active agents in producing embodied acts of touch in preschools.
The social investment litmus test: Family formation, employment and poverty
Authors: Plavgo Ilze , Hemerijck Anton
Published: September 2020

Over the past decade, the notion of ‘social investment’ (SI) has gained considerable traction in the political debates over welfare state futures. The multifaceted character of SI policy interventions, the effects of policy complementarities and interactions for different social groups and generational cohorts, and the challenge of delineating effects across different time dimensions, we argue, are not (yet) properly addressed by current empirical research. This paper contributes to reorienting the measurement of SI returns into a longer-term perspective, conceptualising them as people’s work- and welfare- related outcomes. It operationalises in a novel fashion macro-level data across OECD countries to analyse the medium-term aggregate effects of SI stock, flow and buffer policies with a focus on arguably the most critical stages in the post-industrial life-cycle course: transition into employment and family formation. Our findings imply that the so-called ‘Matthew effects’, following the biblical proverb ‘to him that hath shall be given’, identified in previous research stem from a measurement of SI returns conceptualised in a short-term redistributive perspective. Moving on to longer-term returns to SI policies at the societal level reveals positive outcomes for families with children.
Variational inequalities for ferroelectric constitutive modeling
Authors: Meindlhumer Martin , Pechstein Astrid , Humer Alexander
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with modeling the polarization process in ferroelectric media. We develop a thermodynamically consistent model, based on phenomenological descriptions of free energy as well as switching and saturation conditions in form of inequalities. Thermodynamically consistent models naturally lead to variational formulations. We propose to use the concept of variational inequalities. We aim at combining the different phenomenological conditions into one variational inequality. In our formulation we use one Lagrange multiplier for each condition (the onset of domain switching and saturation), each satisfying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. An update for reversible and remanent quantities is then computed within one, in general nonlinear, iteration.
Development of a hybrid (rigid-flexible) morphing leading edge equipped with bending and extending capabilities
Authors: Fereidooni Amin , Marchwica Jan , Leung Natalie , Mangione Jaye , Wickramasinghe Viresh
Published: September 2020

The development of the bench model of a hybrid (rigid-flexible) morphing leading edge is presented in this paper. The distinctive feature of this design centers on compounding a fully rigid nose with a flexible structure to create a seamless morphing leading edge. The rigid nose guarantees a precise shape control in the aerodynamically critical region of the wing whereas the flexible structure allows for an increase in both chord length and its camber. These improvements offer potential solutions to many of the challenges reported in the literature about the existing morphing wing designs. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the hybrid (rigid-flexible) concept and to demonstrate the aforementioned improvements, a bench model is developed and tested in-house. This paper focuses on the analysis performed to develop this model, including (1) aerodynamic shape optimization to devise the desired drooped shape; (2) geometry optimization to specify the dimensions of the rigid nose; (3) finite element analysis to characterize the skin component of the flexible structure; and (4) finite element analysis to estimate the actuation authority. Overall, the numerical and experimental results reveal the inherent advantage of the hybrid (rigid-flexible) concept from the smart structure standpoint; however, significant considerations are required to advance the technical readiness level of this design to a commercially viable solution for aircraft manufacturers.
Energy generated through the pyroelectric effect using Macro-fiber Composites
Authors: Acosta Krystal L , Wilkie W Keats , Inman Daniel J
Published: September 2020

Waste energy harvesting is a method of generating small amounts of energy, usually through vibrations or thermal energy. Macro-fiber Composites (MFCs) have been employed in energy harvesting applications utilizing the piezoelectric effect, however, energy harvesting using the pyroelectric effect in MFCs has not been thoroughly explored. This paper takes strides in investigating the energy generated using the pyroelectric effect with P1 and P2 MFCs using two different oscillating temperature rates at 5°C/min and 10°C/min. Numerical temperature data along with analytical temperature functions were used to model the pyroelectric effect and the result was compared to experimental tests. Depending on the size of the MFC, type, resistor used, and the temperature rate, the energy generated varies from 0.4 to 24 µJ for the P1 MFC, and 8 to 459 µJ for the P2 MFC. The maximum specific power was also estimated analytically, numerically, and experimentally. A resistor sweep was performed using the numerical model to calculate the optimal resistance that would provide the most energy. The resistor was in the Gigaohm (GΩ) to Teraohm (TΩ) range for the specified temperature profiles. The required resistance to generate the maximum energy decreased as the temperature rate and the size of the MFC increased. This was validated with experiments conducted at varying resistances. Because this is energy generated from the ambient environment, pyroelectric harvesting can be used to power devices without cost to the source. This form of harvesting can be used in any place where there is a natural thermal cycle (i.e. due to weather or machine giving off thermal energy).
Gendering Sustainability in Management Education: Research and Pedagogy as Space for Critical Engagement
Authors: Arevalo Jorge A.
Published: September 2020

Gender issues have been well conceptualized in feminist organization studies. However, gender research has had limited practical effects, in part because it has not been well conceptualized in the sustainability in management education (SiME) scholarship; nor has it been adequately prioritized in management and business curricula. I argue that given the persistence of discrimination, segregation, sexual oppression, inequality, and lack of empowerment of women (to name a few . . . ), mandatory gender education is needed to equip management students as they enter diverse and equal opportunity working environments. Integrating SiME and Feminist Organization literatures, I develop a multidimensional framework for conceptualizing gender studies in the classroom. This theoretical framework offers faculty and students an evolving pathway to analyze gender and SiME with perspectives in feminist organization studies. I conclude by reflecting on integration strategies for creating space in research and pedagogy for the critical engagement of gender debates in our programs.
Big Need Not Be Bad: A Case Study of Experiential Leadership Development in Different-Sized Classes
Authors: Page Nadine C. , Nimon-Peters Amanda J. , Urquhart Alexander
Published: September 2020

Higher education classes have increased in size at a time of significant resource restrictions for universities. At the same time, employers are looking for graduates with relevant competencies and skills. This poses two key challenges: (1) how to design an experiential curriculum that produces significant skill development and (2) how to ensure that this program is scalable and effective in a large class context. In this case study, we describe the curriculum of a postgraduate experiential learning curriculum focused on leadership development, and report its effectiveness in developing leadership competencies in different-sized large classes. This case study demonstrates that effective large class experiential learning and leadership skills development is possible. We found comparable effectiveness across different-sized classes of up to 130 students. These results were achieved by combining experiential learning, intentional change theory, dedicated and experienced faculty coaches, feedback and coaching in small peer groups, and periodic self- and peer-evaluations. We observed that class size may differentially affect the effectiveness of experiential learning for leadership competency development at different stages of a course. Practical implications for course design and delivery are discussed, with a focus on the curriculum design elements that help make large class experiential learning impactful and manageable.
Start-Up Sprint: Providing a Small Group Learning Experience in a Large Group Setting
Authors: Hilliard Rachel
Published: September 2020

Entrepreneurial education should reflect the real-world entrepreneurial process by providing for experiential learning. The challenge is reconciling this with the resource constraints that lead to large class settings, even in specialized postgraduate programs. This article offers practical suggestions for creating a highly interactive event as part of a largely lecture-based module. Students participate in a full-day Start-Up Sprint that uses real-world entrepreneurship tools and mimics the intense experience of a start-up event. This experiential exercise is designed to provide students in a large class with the experience and benefits of small group teaching, through a hands-on problem-based learning exercise that is supported by mentoring and live feedback. It provides entrepreneurship teachers of large classes with a way to mitigate the constraints of large classes, faculty time, and physical infrastructure and offer students a meaningful learning experience.
Business Schools as Living Labs: Advancing Sustainability in Management Education
Authors: Sroufe Robert
Published: September 2020

The buildings in which we teach management and decision analysis are ideal labs for advancing sustainability in management education, experiential learning, and integrated performance measurement. Utilizing building-based learning and design competition, student teams can learn about aspects of sustainability while proposing investments into the spaces we spend over 90% of our time inside of buildings. Buildings on university campuses provide an opportunity to design and deliver hands-on assignments showing how the actions taken on an existing building can improve the overall health and performance of that building and its owners and occupants. Contributions of this study include a primer on how to develop and deliver building-based learning and demonstrating ways in which to integrate a social cost of carbon in investments with a proven approach to assess and measure the return on integration of financial, environmental, and human health and productivity in a return on integration, integrated rate of return, and integrated future value. Insights and the lessons learned provide linkages to learning outcomes and assessment so that learning objectives are aligned with and advance sustainability in management education and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals with outcomes generalizable to any building and business.
Revisiting the Effect of Varying the Number of Response Alternatives in Clinical Assessment: Evidence From Measuring ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Shi Dexin , Siceloff E. Rebekah , Castellanos Rebeca E. , Bridges Rachel M. , Jiang Zhehan , Flory Kate , Benson Kari
Published: September 2020

This study illustrated the effect of varying the number of response alternatives in clinical assessment using a within-participant, repeated-measures approach. Participants reported the presence of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms using both a binary and a polytomous (4-point) rating scale across two counterbalanced administrations of the Current Symptoms Scale (CSS). Psychometric properties of the CSS were examined using (a) self-reported binary, (b) self-reported 4-point ratings obtained from each administration of the CSS, and (c) artificially dichotomized responses derived from observed 4-point ratings. Under the same ordinal factor analysis model, results indicated that the number of response alternatives affected item parameter estimates, standard errors, goodness of fit indices, individuals’ test scores, and reliability of the test scores. With fewer response alternatives, the precision of the measurement decreased, and the power of using the goodness-of-fit indices to detect model misfit decreased. These findings add to recent research advocating for the inclusion of a large number of response alternatives in the development of clinical assessments and further suggest that researchers should be cautious about reducing the number of response categories in data analysis.
Rolling bearing degradation condition clustering using multidimensional degradation feature and Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering algorithm
Authors: Wang Bing , Hu Xiong , Mei Tao X , Jian Sun D , Wei Wang
Published: September 2020

In allusion to the issue of rolling bearing degradation feature extraction and degradation condition clustering, a logistic chaotic map is introduced to analyze the advantages of C0 complexity and a technique based on a multidimensional degradation feature and Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering algorithmic is proposed. The multidimensional degradation feature includes C0 complexity, root mean square, and curved time parameter which is more in line with the performance degradation process. Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering is introduced to divide different conditions during the degradation process. A rolling bearing lifetime vibration signal from intelligent maintenance system bearing test center was introduced for instance analysis. The results show that C0 complexity is able to describe the degradation process and has advantages in sensitivity and calculation speed. The introduced degradation indicator curved time parameter can reflect the agglomeration character of the degradation condition at time dimension, which is more in line with the performance degradation pattern of mechanical equipment. The Gath–Geva fuzzy clustering algorithmic is able to cluster degradation condition of mechanical equipment such as bearings accurately.
Powerful Methodologies/Powerful Pedagogy: Autoethnography and Dialogic Interviews in a WGS Empowerment Self-Defense Class
Authors: Bloom Leslie Rebecca , Jones Amy , Barnes Samantha , Dwyer Michaela , Garcia Giselle , Garcia Janessa , Hadid Haneen , Johannessen Alexis L. , Kricke Elizabeth , Mendoza Yelitza , Turkovich Margaret , Wangensten-Oye Karen , Wofford Shanica , Zou Jessica
Published: September 2020

Autoethnography and dialogic interviewing are valued qualitative research methodologies across multiple disciplines. However, their use in college classrooms as a focal point of student writing, learning, and empowerment is less documented than its use in research studies despite being powerful learning tools. I describe my use of these methodologies in a women’s and gender studies course. Grounded in compelling examples from students’ autoethnographic papers and dialogic interview reports, I analyze how these methodologies enhance engagement with new academic knowledge and skills, guide meaningful self-reflexivity, foster evocative writing, encourage peer-to-peer learning, and create strong classroom relationships.
Unraveling The Mechanisms Behind Chinese Outbound Tourist Shopping: A Social Practice Perspective
Authors: Jin Haipeng , Moscardo Gianna , Murphy Laurie
Published: September 2020

Chinese outbound tourist shopping is a prominent phenomenon in many destinations, but the mechanisms behind it have rarely been addressed. This study draws upon social practice theory to examine why shopping dominates the tourist experience of Chinese travelers in Australia. Thirty-two semistructured interviews were conducted to identify key social and consumption practices that lead to the dominance of Chinese outbound tourist shopping. The study argues that the shopping practices of Chinese tourists result from a combination of Chinese consumerism and guanxi maintenance under the condition of outbound travel. This study contributes to a holistic understanding of Chinese outbound tourist shopping by revealing how it is embedded in broader consumption practices in China.
The usefulness and feasibility of placing a clinch knot with a guidewire to achieve temporary hemostasis in arteriovenous dialysis access interventions
Authors: Park Sung-Joon , Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Cho Sung Beom , Seo Tae-Seok , Song Myung Gyu
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of using a reversible clinch knot with a guidewire in place rather than eliminating the access route during an arteriovenous hemodialysis access (AV access) intervention using the facing sheath technique.

Material and methods:

From July 2016 to June 2019, we retrospectively studied 78 sessions performed as interventional treatment for arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis (HD) access using the “facing-sheath technique.” In all sessions, all antegrade sheaths were removed while a 0.035-inch guidewire remained in place with purse-string suture and the clinch knot. Seventy-two sessions were performed in patients with thrombosed AV accesses (69 arteriovenous grafts [AVGs] and three arteriovenous fistulas [AVFs]), and six sessions were carried out to treat non-thrombosed AV accesses (four AVGs and two AVFs). We evaluated whether proper hemostasis and successful reinsertion of the sheath over the wire into the clinch knot was achieved. Clinical success was defined as achieving prompt restoration of blood flow for AV access, and the postintervention primary and secondary patency were also evaluated.

Result:

In all 87 clinch knots created in 78 total sessions, proper hemostasis was achieved. All clinch knots that required reversal for additional procedures were successfully reopened (55 clinch knots in 50 sessions). The postintervention primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 6 months, and at 1 year were 77.8%, 68.9%, 55.6%, and 33.3%, respectively. The postintervention secondary patency rates at 1, 3, and 6 months, and also at 1 year were 93.3%, 91.1%, 86.7%, and 86.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our AV access intervention which used a clinch knot with purse-string suture while the guidewire remained in place was both useful and feasible for maintaining temporary hemostasis.
A Comparison of T2 Relaxation-Based MRI Stroke Timing Methods in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: McGarry Bryony L , Damion Robin A , Chew Isabel , Knight Michael J , Harston George WJ , Carone Davide , Jezzard Peter , Sitaram Amith , Muir Keith W , Clatworthy Philip , Kauppinen Risto A
Published: September 2020

Background:

T2 relaxation-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals may provide onset time for acute ischemic strokes with an unknown onset. The ability of visual and quantitative MRI-based methods in a cohort of hyperacute ischemic stroke patients was studied.

Methods:

A total of 35 patients underwent 3T (3 Tesla) MRI (<9-hour symptom onset). Diffusion-weighted (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1-weighted (T1w), T2-weighted (T2w), and T2 relaxation time (T2) images were acquired. T2-weighted fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images were acquired for 17 of these patients. Image intensity ratios of the average intensities in ischemic and non-ischemic reference regions were calculated for ADC, DWI, T2w, T2 relaxation, and FLAIR images, and optimal image intensity ratio cut-offs were determined. DWI and FLAIR images were assessed visually for DWI/FLAIR mismatch.

Results:

The T2 relaxation time image intensity ratio was the only parameter with significant correlation with stroke duration ( r = 0.49, P = .003), an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.77, P < .0001), and an optimal cut-off (T2 ratio = 1.072) that accurately identified patients within the 4.5-hour thrombolysis treatment window with sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.74. In the patients with the additional FLAIR, areas under the precision-recall-gain curve (AUPRG) and F1 scores showed that the T2 relaxation time ratio (AUPRG = 0.60, F1 = 0.73) performed considerably better than the FLAIR ratio (AUPRG = 0.39, F1 = 0.57) and the visual DWI/FLAIR mismatch (F1 = 0.25).

Conclusions:

Quantitative T2 relaxation time is the preferred MRI parameter in the assessment of patients with unknown onset for treatment stratification.
Rhythm pattern discrimination by primary school students
Authors: Durá Jorge Antonio , Tejada Jesús
Published: September 2020

Ascertaining the most effective modes of presenting rhythmic information to students is extremely important in order to facilitate rhythm training. This study examines the effects of different bimodal presentations of rhythmic information on the discrimination of rhythm patterns by primary school students. A 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with two variables – audiovisual and audio-textual – each using two levels (static and dynamic). Four experimental conditions were designed: (1) static audiovisual, (2) dynamic audiovisual, (3) static audio-textual and (4) dynamic audio-textual. Data were collected by administering a rhythmic discrimination test to intact classes in second grade ( N = 83; 40 boys and 43 girls; 7–8 years old; medium socio-economic level) at two public primary schools from Comunitat Valenciana, Spain. Fourteen rhythmic patterns were presented to each group in each condition. Each pattern was played three consecutive times. The test consisted of comparing the third presentation of each pattern to the first two presentations – thereby exposing the sample pattern – and deciding whether the third was the same or not. The following covariates were measured: age, previous rhythmic skills, musicians in the family environment, out-of-school music studies and grades earned in music school classes during the previous year. The test scores show significant statistical differences between dynamic audiovisual and static audio-textual ( g = 1.25), as well as between dynamic audio-textual and static audio-textual ( g = .90). Furthermore, the audiovisual presentation mode was superior to its audio-textual counterpart ( g = .46) and the findings showed that the dynamic presentations were more effective than the static ones ( g = .69). The implications for teaching and learning rhythm are discussed.