bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective mathematics teachers’ critical thinking processes about scientific research: Newspaper article example
Authors: KUŞ Mehtap , ÇAKIROĞLU Erdinç
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to explore how prospective middle school mathematics teachers think critically about a newspaper article that reported the findings of a statistical research. Participants of the study were four fourth-year students enrolled at the mathematics teacher education program of a public university. To investigate the research question of the study, case study method was employed. In-depth semi-structured interviews were done to examine participants’ critical thinking processes. The findings of the study indicated that prospective mathematics teachers made use of a variety of critical thinking processes (comprehending, making connections, inferring ideas, critiquing, and self-reflecting) and provided clues about the interrelated nature of these processes. This study would shed light on the characterization of critical thinking in the context of statistical literacy by suggesting a blended framework. It also suggests the design of the tasks including media articles to promote both statistical literacy and critical thinking in statistics education courses for prospective mathematics teachers.
Developing biomimicry STEM activity by querying the relationship between structure and function in organisms
Authors: SAVRAN GENCER Ayşe , DOĞAN Hilmi , BİLEN Kadir
Published: January 2020

The theme that structure determines function is one of the most significant cornerstones in understanding natural sciences. On the other hand, recently revised science curriculum in Turkey has emphasized science and engineering practices to help students be able to converge science with the other disciplines by applying theory into practice and product; but there is not an emphasis on the repeating patterns and relationships between structure and function for natural and built systems at any grades. In order to close this gap, the main objective of this study is to develop an integrated biomimicry STEM activity about the unit of Living Things World at grade five. This paper reported on a case study of 21 fifth-grade students’ gaining experiences about the engineering design process by mimicking a structure from the organisms to solve a human problem. Even more striking result is that students can manage to incorporate biomimicry into their design solutions by the way of complementary relationship between structure and function in organisms.
Énekesmadarak őszi vonulása csatornaparti fasoron
Authors: Bozó László , Bozóné Borbáth Erna , Tar Levente
Published: January 2020

Csatornaparti spontán kialakult fasoron a madárgyűrűzés eszközeit felhasználva végeztünk kutatást 2016 őszén, Kevermesen. Az általunk kiválasztott csatorna mellett referenciaként egy ezüstfásban is gyűrűztünk és összehasonlítottuk a két területegységet abból a szempontból, hogy az egyes madárfajok melyik élőhelyet használják. A kutatás során kiderült, hogy a csatorna kulcsfontosságú a legtöbb átvonuló énekesmadárfaj számára, azonban a hosszabb ideig itt tartózkodó fajok egyedei már a táplálékban gazdagabb erdőben voltak jelen nagyobb számban. Több olyan faj is szorosan kötődik az őszi időszakban a csatornákhoz, amelyek egyébként erdőkben költenek. Mindezek miatt természetvédelmi szempontból indokolt lenne ezen élőhelyek védelme, vagy legalábbis a jelenlegi mértéktelen növényirtás visszaszorítása.
A Biharugrai-halastavak ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásainak szociokulturális értékelése
Authors: Tóth Fruzsina , Jancsovszka Paulina , Kerepeczki Éva , Kelemen Eszter
Published: January 2020

Az ENSZ 2005-ben publikált Millenniumi Ökoszisztéma Felmérése (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MEA) szerint, az édesvízhez köthető természetes élőhelyek a legsérülékenyebb ökoszisztémák közé tartoznak, amelyek eltűnése az ember alkotta vizes élőhelyek felértékelődéséhez vezetett. A mesterséges halastavak szerepe kiemelkedő az életminőség, a jóllét és a gazdaság működésének fenntartása szempontjából, ugyanis számos ún. ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatást biztosít a társadalom számára. A Biharugrai-halastavak ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatásainak számbavételére és szociokulturális értékelésére a NAIK-HAKI AquaSpace Horizont 2020 projektjének keretében került sor. Az értékelés során 2016 márciusában kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk a halastavak közelében fekvő öt településen. A tavak élőhely szolgáltatását a válaszadók nemtől, kortól, iskolai végzettségtől és lakhelytől függetlenül maximálisra értékelték, tisztában voltak a halastavak természeti értékével, a térség fejlődésének alapjaként tekintenek rá. A gyermekek természet-szeretetének kialakításához nélkülözhetetlennek tartották a környezeti nevelés szolgáltatást, valamint nagy jelentőségűnek értékelték a hal előállítását is. A halastavakhoz kötődő ökoszisztéma-szolgáltatások helyi jelentőségének jobb megismerése további vizsgálatokat igényel. A térség fejlődésének szempontjából olyan fejlesztések előmozdítása szükséges, amelyek lehetővé teszik az ökoszisztéma-javak és -szolgáltatások fenntartását és kíméletes hasznosítását a környéken élők jóllétének megőrzése és növelése érdekében.
Extenzív és intenzív húsmarha fajták legelésének a hatása szikes gyepek növényzetére
Authors: Kovácsné Koncz Nóra , Posta János , Tóth Katalin , Radócz Szilvia , Béri Béla
Published: January 2020

A szikes gyepek megfelelő állapotban való fenntartása, hozamuk és sokféleségük megőrzése nem csak a természetvédelem, hanem a gazdálkodás szempontjából is fontos. Vizsgálatunkban összevetettük a kisebb intenzitású és az emelt állatlétszámú legeltetés illetve a legelés kizárás növényzetre gyakorolt hatásait nedves szikes mocsárréten és szárazabb szikes réten, a Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park területén. A vizsgálatok során összesen 40 kvadrátot elemeztünk extenzív húsmarhával (magyar szürke szarvasmarha) és vegyes genotípusú intenzív húsmarhával legeltetett és nem legeltetett mintaterületeken. Kimutattuk, hogy a legeltetés jelentősen befolyásolta a fajgazdagságot. A legnagyobb fajszámot a 3. évben a két éven át emelt állatlétszámmal legeltetett területeken, a legkisebbet a kontrollnál kaptuk. Az aljfüvek, és a pillangósok borítása jelentősen emelkedett a legelés intenzitás növekedésével. A legelésnek eltérő hatása volt az egyes élőhely típusokon. A szárazabb szikes réten nagyobb fajszámot találtunk, mint a szikes mocsáron. Továbbá megállapítottuk, hogy az extenzív húsmarhával való legeltetés alkalmas mind a szárazabb, mind a nedvesebb szikes élőhelyek kezelésére. Az intenzív húsmarha jóval alacsonyabb fajszámot tart fenn a mocsáron, mint a magyar szürke, viszont a szikes réten szintén alkalmasnak találtuk a szikes élőhelyek kezelésére.
A vegetáció és a talajvízszint évtizedes stabilitása egy dél-kiskunsági semlyéken
Authors: Margóczi Katalin , Körmöczi László , Krnács György
Published: January 2020

Az 1970-es évektől kezdődően a talajvízszint több méteres trendszerű csökkenését tapasztalták a Kiskunság több pontján. 2004-ben és 2007-ben két-két talajvízszint észlelő kutat létesítettünk a Csipak-semlyéken. A kutakat a domináns élőhelytípusok foltjainak közelében helyeztük el: egy kékperjés, egy homoki sztyepprét, egy szikes rét és egy szikfok-vakszik folt területén. A talajvízszintet a kutakban havonta észleljük. A vizsgált élőhelyfoltokban 5×5 m-es állandó kvadrátokban cönológiai felvételeket készítettünk négy évben (2005, 2009, 2014 és 2016-ban). A vizsgált időszak alatt egyik észlelőkútban sem lehetett trendszerű változást kimutatni, az éves ingadozás azonban jelentős volt. A cönológiai felvételeket kanonikus korreszpondencia elemzéssel (CCA) értékeltük ki. Megállapítottuk, hogy az élőhelyek minden évben határozottan elkülönülnek, az időbeli változások csekélyek, és nem trendszerűek. A cönológiai felvételek Borhidi-féle vízállapot-index (WB) spektrumában és a Borhidi-féle természetességi értékszámok (SBT) alapján is csak kevés helyen mutatható ki szignifikáns, időbeli változás. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy a Csipak-semlyék vegetációja meglehetősen stabil. A talajvízszint vizsgálatunk során mért szintje mellett az alkalmazott kezelések alkalmasak az értékek megőrzésére.
Szarvasmarhák legelőhasználata és legeléspreferenciája
Authors: Balogh Nóra , Tóthmérész Béla , Valkó Orsolya , Deák Balázs , Miglécz Tamás , Tóth Katalin , Molnár Zsolt , Vadász Csaba , Tóth Edina , Kiss Réka , Sonkoly Judit , Török Péter , Antal Károly , Tüdősné Budai Júlia , Kelemen András
Published: January 2020

A legelők megfelelő minőségének hosszútávú fenntartása szempontjából fontos ismernünk az elfogyasztott fitomassza mennyiségét és az állatok legeléspreferenciáját. Kutatásunkban turjánvidéki rétsztyeppeken vizsgáltuk a fitomassza frakciók fogyását és azt, hogy milyen tulajdonságokkal rendelkező növényeket kedvelnek a marhák. A vizsgált gyep két területre (legelési egységre) volt osztva, az egyik terület a vizsgálat évében a mintavétel időpontjáig (június közepe) még nem volt legeltetve (kontroll), a másikat a vizsgálatot megelőzően három hónapig legeltették. Mindkét területen 70 db, 20×20 cm-es fitomassza mintát vettünk, melyeket fajonként szétválogattunk, különválogattuk az avart és a mohát is. A legeléspreferencia jelleg alapú elemzése során a 29 leggyakoribb fajt vizsgáltuk. A marhák a mohát és az avart csak kis mértékben fogyasztották, ezzel szemben az élő fitomassza 65%-át elfogyasztották, a kétszikűeket és az egyszikűeket hasonló arányban. Két levéltulajdonság mutatott szignifikáns összefüggést a legeléspreferenciával: a nagyobb fajlagos levélterületű és a magasabb nitrogéntartalmú fajokat kedvelték leginkább. Eredményeink alapján látható, hogy a legeltetéssel való területkezelés hosszú távú tervezését segíti a növényzet biomasszájának mérése, illetve a növények tápértékének becslése, amelynek jó indikátora néhány egyszerűen mérhető növényi tulajdonság, mint amilyen a fajlagos levélterület.
A költés sikerességét és a fiókák minőségét befolyásoló tényezők a szalakótánál
Authors: Sarlós Dávid , Herényi Márton
Published: January 2020

A szalakóta (Coracias garrulus) hazánkban fokozottan védett madárfaj. Védelmének érdekében elengedhetetlenül fontos, hogy biológiáját, életmenetét megismerjük. Vizsgálataink során arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy a fészkelőhely tulajdonságai miként befolyásolják e madarak költésének sikerességét, valamint a fiókák minőségét. Az adatgyűjtést két helyszínen, a Borsodi-Mezőségben és a Felső-Kiskunságban végeztük 2016-ban és 2017-ben. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a kihelyezett odúk magassága pozitív összefüggésben volt a kirepült fiókák számával. Ennek egyik feltételezhető oka, hogy a magasabban költő madarak idősebbek, és így nagyobb  tapasztalattal rendelkeznek, mint alacsonyabban fészkelő társaik. A felső-kiskunsági területen több fióka repült ki, mint a Borsodi-Mezőségben. A két hely közötti különbség okainak feltárása természetvédelmi szempontból is fontos, amely a további vizsgálatok egyik célja is lehet.
A városi környezet nagygombavilága – fajösszetételének és változásainak jellegzetességei
Authors: Csizmár Mihály , Tóth Annamária , Bratek Zoltán
Published: January 2020

A természetközeli területek jelentős része már városi környezetté „avanzsálódott”, az eredeti élőhelyek átalakultak, fragmentálódtak. A városok gombavilága kevésbé kutatott, a téma ismeretanyaga hiányos. Jelen munka 1987 és 2017 közötti időszak városi, főként budapesti mikológiai gyűjtéseit dolgozza fel. A 30 év alatt 296 gombataxon került regisztrálásra, összesen 1053 adattal. A fellelt gombák 52 családba és 126 nemzetségbe tartoznak. A legfajgazdagabb nemzetségek az Inocybe (22 faj), Hebeloma (12 faj) és Agaricus (8 faj). Leggyakoribb fajok a Conocybe deliquescens, az Agaricus bitorquis, a Panaeolina foenisecii, a Coprinellus micaceus aggr. és a Scleroderma bovista. A szaprotróf életmódot folytató taxonok aránya a legmagasabb, 62 %, a mikorrhizásoké 32 %, míg a parazitáké 6 %. A fellelt gombák 55 %-a szerepel a magyarországi nagygombák javasolt Vörös Listáján, illetve négy védett faj is előkerült: Battarrea phalloides, Pogonoloma macrocephalum, Volvariella bombycina és Hypsizygus ulmarius. Nyolc indikátor gombafaj jelenlétét igazoltuk, melyből 7 antropogén hatást jelez.
Atuação dos profissionais de saúde na investigação de suspeitas de surtos de DTA´s nos hospitais de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Authors: Lombardi Eliane Cristina , Bonnas Deborah Santesso , Jardim Fernanda Barbosa Borges , Oliveira Katiuce Aparecida de , Silva Ricardo Tomaz da
Published: January 2020

Os programas de orientação de riscos à população contribuem para a redução de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA’s). Quando há suspeita de surto de DTA’s, os hospitais e unidades de saúde devem comunicar à Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal para que o processo de investigação do surto tenha início. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as falhas existentes no processo de investigação de surtos de DTA’s em dois hospitais da rede privada e dois hospitais da rede pública de Uberlândia, MG. Um total de 19 médicos pediatras ou clínicos gerais, que atendem casos de suspeita de surtos de DTA’s, responderam dois questionários, sendo um de investigação e outro de pesquisa de opinião. Houve a sugestão de elaboração de uma ficha de DTA’s de rápido preenchimento a ser utilizada durante o atendimento de casos suspeitos, com a descrição dos sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes no prontuário, local de ocorrência dos surtos e identificação do alimento consumido. O desenvolvimento de uma ficha própria por paciente e seu preenchimento compulsório pelos médicos facilitariam a inter-relação entre as vigilâncias municipais e o órgão de saúde. Estas medidas permitiriam maior eficácia nos processos de investigação de DTA’s, visto que a interação entre os órgãos é deficiente, contribuindo para subnotificações de surtos de DTA’s.
Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em comunidades quilombolas no Brasil
Authors: Afonso Luis Felipe Castro , Correa Nadia Alinne Fernandes , Silva Hilton Pereira
Published: January 2020

O estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática da produção científica brasileira sobre Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) em comunidades quilombolas, a partir das diretrizes metodológicas PRISMA, em bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, PubMed e Cape, utilizando os descritores: “segurança alimentar e nutricional” and “quilombola(s)”; “SAN” and “quilombola(s)”, em português e inglês, constantes no título, resumo e palavras-chave. Foram selecionados 12 artigos científicos completos, publicados em periódicos de livre acesso desde 2008. Dos artigos selecionados, 33,33% abordaram a prevalência da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, 25% o acesso ao Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), 16,67% os benefícios do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), 16,67% o conhecimento de práticas alimentares e 8,33% modelos de causalidade da insegurança alimentar, em 60 comunidades, nas cinco regiões do país. As pesquisas reforçam a precariedade das condições de vida e a insegurança alimentar que os quilombolas vêm vivenciando. Continuar a identificar os projetos e publicações realizados nesta área é encorajar que outros estudos possam ser concretizados, de forma a dar condições de reconhecimento, valorização e visibilidade a essas comunidades.
Desenvolvimento de preparações com adição de pescado e aproveitamento integral de alimentos para a alimentação escolar
Authors: Luz Lucinda de Jesus Barros , Silva Fernanda Tavares , Pires Caroline Roberta Freitas , Kato Hellen Christina Almeida , Sousa Diego Neves de
Published: January 2020

Na alimentação escolar existem ainda poucas preparações que utiliza a Carne Mecanicamente Separada (CMS) de pescado e o aproveitamento integral de alimentos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente artigo foi elaborar preparações acrescidas de CMS de pescado juntamente com o aproveitamento integral de alimentos para serem inseridas na alimentação escolar. Foram elaboradas fichas técnicas de preparo das receitas, a fim de obter informações sobre custo e rendimento das preparações desenvolvidas. A posteriori, foram realizadas análises direta, com amostras em triplicata, e indireta, nos quais os dados obtidos em laboratório foram comparados àqueles obtidos por meio das tabelas de composição utilizadas: FRANCO (2007), TACO (2011) e IBGE (2011). Os resultados mostraram que houve divergência entre os indicadores obtidos por meio da análise direta e aqueles da análise indireta, demonstrando também que as preparações desenvolvidas são viáveis do ponto de vista nutricional para serem inseridas na alimentação escolar.
Cadeia de alimentos de origem animal no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE)
Authors: Baston Morgana Aparecida Paris , Silva Marina Vieira da , Lima César Gonçalves de
Published: January 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as etapas de compra, armazenamento e distribuição dos alimentos de origem animal, destinados à alimentação escolar do município de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo, de forma a identificar possíveis impasses que possam comprometer a qualidade desses produtos. Utilizou-se questionários semiestruturados direcionados à Gerente e Nutricionista responsáveis pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar- PNAE, fornecedores dos alimentos de origem animal e merendeiros(as), além de informações contidas nos editais licitatórios para compra desses alimentos entre os anos de 2014 a 2017. Os resultados revelaram dificuldades no descritivo dos produtos, no atendimento as regras dos procedimentos licitatórios e na elaboração dos padrões de qualidade. Houve problemas com os fornecedores referentes a troca ou reposição de produtos, o não cumprimento das datas e das quantidades solicitadas e a ocorrência de entrega de produtos com qualidade sensorial inadequada. Constatou-se a necessidade de munir as unidades escolares com termômetros do tipo infravermelho. Os(as) merendeiros(as) devem ser responsáveis pela correta conferência dos alimentos, verificar a integridade das embalagens e observar o asseio dos entregadores e veículos. Implantar processos padronizados para recusa dos alimentos no ato da entrega nas escolas é necessário, pois foram verificadas algumas discrepâncias dos procedimentos realizados. Também foram apurados problemas relativos ao armazenamento de alimentos de origem animal nas câmaras frias. A revisão dos processos de elaboração dos editais de licitação e suas cláusulas, referentes a penalidades administrativas e análises sensoriais, bem como disponibilizar termômetros para a aferição e registro das temperaturas e a padronização de ações no tocante à recusa de produtos, podem contribuir para a manutenção de padrões de qualidade satisfatórios da alimentação escolar do município analisado.
Mulheres em contextos rurais e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Loli Dayane Andressa , Lima Romilda de Souza , Silochi Rose Mary Helena Quint
Published: January 2020

Nos espaços rurais, uma mulher, além de realizar o trabalho doméstico, realizar atividades produtivas, porém, estas não são registradas e valorizadas da mesma forma que as atividades dos homens, e por isso, é visto como uma ajuda. Ao desdobrar entre o trabalho produtivo e reprodutivo, possibilita a reprodução do grupo familiar e o desenvolvimento e manutenção do patrimônio. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar os espaços de participação das mulheres nas atividades produtivas e de comercialização, em um estudo de caso no município de Francisco Beltrão-PR e, analisar os reflexos desta atividade como um fator que promove renda e, consequentemente, usa para a segurança alimentar de sua família. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas na feira da praça central e na universidade tecnológica federal do Paraná - UTFPR,
KONDISI SANITASI PERALATAN DAN HIGIENE BAHAN MINUMAN TERHADAP KEBERADAAN BAKTERI Eschericia coli PADA ES TEH DI WARUNG KELURAHAN MULYOREJO, SURABAYA
Authors: Ningrum Lisa Fitria , Sulistyorini Lilis
Published: January 2020

Food stall is one of catering services that provide food/beverages for the public. The handling of utensils and selecting good food and beveragesarethe efforts to prevent the presence of Escherichia coli on food and beverages in thefood stalls. The studyaims to describe the process of handling the utensils, selecting food ingredients, and testing the presence of Escherichia coli in iced tea. The method of this research was cross-sectional with 34 unit samples of food stalls in Mulyorejo Urban Village. The samples were inserted in plastic and tested in the laboratory with the Escherichia coli parameter. The interviews were conducted with the food vendorsregarding the sources of clean water, the washing process, handling the utensils, and the iced tea ingredients, such as drinking water, tea, sugar, and ice cubes. The analysis was conductedin a descriptive approach. The results showed that 24% of the samples were positive containing Escherichia coli. The sellers’ primary source of clean water was derived from the the Water Company (PDAM)by 82.3%. Furthermore, 67.6% of the samples used detergent/soap in the washing processwith two buckets,used to dip the utensils repeatedly. In terms of storing the utensils, 94.1% of the the utensils were glassware stored face down. The ingredients of iced tea consisted of boiled water (50%), obtained from the well and the Water Company (PDAM), the tea ingredients which had been registered in food control agency, the sugar which was not spoiled or smelled, and the ice cubes which were bought from the neighborhood area (88.2%). It isproven that Escherichia coli existed inthe iced tea due to the sanitary components of utensils and the hygiene of beverage ingredients did not meet the requirements. It is recommended that the guidance can be given to the vendors, especially in washing the utensils correctly and selectingthe beverage ingredients, such as water and ice cubes.
A Statistical Study on the Development of Metronidazole-alginate-chitosan Nanocomposite Formulations using Full Factorial Designs
Authors: Sabbagh Hazem , Al Ali Samer Hussein , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Abudayeh Zead , Ayoub Rami , Abudoleh Suha
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chitosan (CS) and Alginate (Alg) polymers concentrations and CaCl2 concentration on metronidazole (MET) drug loading (LE), size particles and zeta potential. Nanocomposites were prepared by ionotropic pregelation method. A (21 *31 *21) *3= 36 full factorial design (FFD) was used to predict statistical equation and responses. The MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and in vitro drug release studies. All data indicated the presence of drug into MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites. The release profile of MET-CS-AlgNPs nanocomposites was found to be sustained
Parsing Synthetic Aperture Radar Measurements of Snow in Complex Terrain: Scaling Behaviour and Sensitivity to Snow Wetness and Landcover
Authors: Manickam Surendar , Barros Ana
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the spatial signatures of seasonal snow in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations at different spatial scales and for different physiographic regions. Sentinel-1 C-band (SAR) backscattering coefficients (BSC) were analyzed in the Swiss Alps (SA), in high elevation forest and grasslands in Grand Mesa (GM), Colorado, and in North Dakota (ND) croplands. GM BSC exhibit 10dB sensitivity to wetness at small scales (~100 m) over homogeneous grassland. Sensitivity decreases to 5 dB in the presence of trees, and it is demonstrated that VH BSC sensitivity enables wet snow mapping below the tree-line. Area-variance scaling relationships show minima at ~100 m and 150-250 m respectively in barren and grasslands in SA and GM, increasing up to 1 km and longer in GM forests and ND agricultural fields. The spatial organization of BSC (as described by 1D-directional BSC wavelength spectra) exhibits multi-scaling behavior in the 100 -1,000 m range with a break at (180-360 m) that is also present in UAVSAR L-band measurements in GM. Spectral slopes in GM forested areas steepen during accumulation and flatten in the melting season with mirror behavior for grasslands reflecting changes in scattering mechanisms with snow depth and wetness, and vegetation mass and structure. Overall, this study reveals persistent patterns of SAR scattering variability spatially organized by land-cover, topography and regional winds with large inter-annual variability tied to precipitation. This dynamic scaling behavior emerges as an integral physical expression of snowpack variability that can be used to model sub-km scales and for downscaling applications.
File Fragment Recognition Based on Content and Statistical Features
Authors: Masoumi Marzieh , Keshavarz Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, speed up development and use of digital devices such as smartphones have put people at risk of internet crimes. The evidence of present crimes in a computer file can be easily unreachable by changing the prefix of a file or other algorithms. In more complex cases, either file divided into different parts or the parts of a file that has information about the file type are deleted, where the file fragment recognition issue is discussed. The known files are divided into different fragments, and different classification algorithms to solve the problems of file fragment recognition. A confusion matrix measures the accuracy of type recognition. In the present study, first, the file is divided into different fragments. Then, the file fragment features, which are obtained from Binary Frequency Distribution (BFD), are reduced by 2 feature reduction algorithms; Sequential Forward Selection algorithm (SFS) as well as Sequential Floating Forward Selection algorithm (SFFS) to delete sparse features that result in increased accuracy and speed. Finally, the reduced features are given to 3 classifier algorithms, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) for classification and comparison of the results. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm of file type recognition that can recognize 6 types of useful files ( pdf, txt, jpg, doc, html, exe), which may distinguish a type of file fragments with higher accuracy than the similar works done.
A Novel Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm with Flower Pollination Algorithm for Feature Selection: Case Study Email Spam Detection
Authors: Mohmmadzadeh Hekmat , Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Farhad
Published: January 2020

Feature Selection (FS) in data mining is one of the most challenging and most important activities in pattern recognition. The problem of choosing a feature is to find the most important subset of the main attributes in a specific domain, and its main purpose is removing additional or unrelated features, and ultimately improving the accuracy of the classification algorithms. As a result, the problem of FS can be considered as an optimization problem, and use metaheuristic algorithms to solve it. In this paper, a new hybrid model combining whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is presented for the problem of FS based on the concept of Opposition based Learning (OBL) which name is HWOAFPA. In our proposed method, using natural processes of WOA and FPA, we tried to solve the problem of optimization of FS; and on the other hand, we used an OBL method to ensure the convergence rate and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. In fact, in the proposed method, WOA create solutions in their search space using the prey siege and encircling process, bubble invasion and search for prey methods, and try to improve the solutions for the FS problem; along with this algorithm, FPA improves the solution of the FS problem with two global and local search processes in an opposite space with the solutions of the WOA. In fact, we used all of the possible solutions to the FS problem from both the solution search space and the opposite of solution search space. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, experiments were carried out in two steps. In the first stage, the experiments were performed on 10 FS datasets from the UCI data repository. In the second step, we tried to test the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of spam e-mails detection. The results obtained from the first step showed that the proposed algorithm, performed on 10 UCI datasets, was more successful in terms of the average size of selection and classification accuracy than other basic metaheuristic algorithms. Also, the results from the second step showed that the proposed algorithm which was run on the spam e-mail dataset, performed much more accurately than other similar algorithms in terms of accuracy of detecting spam e-mails.
Comparison of Unet3D Models for Kidney Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Turk Fuat , Luy Murat , Barisci Necaattin
Published: January 2020

Worldwide, hundreds of thousands of people are diagnosed with kidney cancer and this disease is more common in developed and industrialized countries. Previously, kidney cancer was known as an elderly disease and was seen in people over a certain age; nowadays it is also seen in younger individuals and it is easier to diagnose thanks to new radiological diagnostic methods. A kidney tumor is a type of cancer that is extremely aggressive and needs surgical treatment rapidly. Today, approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with kidney cancer are unfortunately noticed at the stage of metastatic disease (spread to distant organs). The biggest factor that pushes us to this study is that kidney tumors progress unlike other cancer types with little or no symptoms. Therefore, conducting such studies is extremely important for early diagnosis. In this study, we compare the Unet3D models in order to help people who are dealing with difficulties in the diagnosis of kidney cancer. Unet, Unet+ResNet and Unet++ models were compared for image segmentation.
A Smart Agent-Based Technique Using Hash Function to Protect Communication within UAVs in Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Faraji Maryam
Published: January 2020

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) create an extensive fighting capability of the developed military forces. Particularly, these systems carrying confidential data are exposed to security attacks. By the wireless’s nature within these networks, they become susceptible to different kinds of attacks, hence, it seems essential to design the appropriate safety mechanism in such networks. The sinkhole attack is one of the most dangerous and threatening attacks amongst types of attack in UAS. A malicious UAV exists in such a threat attacking as a black hole for absorbing all traffic in the network. Mainly, in a Flow-based protocol, the attacker considers the requests on the route, then, it replies to the target UAV such as high quality or the best route towards Gard station. The malicious UAV is able to only insert itself on one occasion between the nodes relating to each other (such as sink node and sensor node), and act for passing packets among them. In this study, the malicious attacks are detected and purged using two stages were. In the first stage, some principles and rules are used to detect black hole, gray hole, and sinkhole attacks. In the second stage, using a smart agent-based strategy negotiation procedure for three steps, a defense mechanism is designed to prevent these attacks. The smart agent is used by reliable neighbors via the negotiation procedure for three steps, hence, the traffic formed by the malicious UAV is not considered. The suggested protocol is called SAUAS. Here, the technique is assessed through extensive simulations performed in the NS-3 environment. Based on the simulation outcomes, it is indicated that the UAS network performance metrics are enhanced based on the packet delivery rate, detection rate, false-negative rate and false-positive rate.
The Presentation of an Exploratory Algorithm for the Rectangle Packing Problem on the Basis of the Best Fit Algorithm and the Lowest Front-Line Strategy
Authors: Bozorgi Mohammad , Mohammadi Zanjireh Morteza
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, the wasting of resources is one of the fundamental challenges of the industrial sector. The rectangle packing problem can be very effective in this context. Practical applications of this issue in the timing and designing of the industries and businesses are very remarkable. The purpose of this issue is to arrange a set of rectangles with specific dimensions in a rectangular page with a specific width and unlimited height without overlapping. The fundamental challenge in this issue is that this is an NP-complete issue. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the best arrangement, which has the maximum rate of resource utilization and also has a linear running time. Many algorithms have been presented to estimate a practical solution for this issue. In the past decades, the best fit method has been one of the most useful methods for this purpose. This study presents a combinatorial algorithm based on two algorithms, including the lowest front-line strategy and the best-fit algorithm. The running results indicate that the suggested algorithm performs well, despite its simplicity. The time complexity of the suggested algorithm is O(nm), in which n is the number of input rectangles and m is the number of the created front lines.
Generation of the Stream of Consciousness by Neuronal Synaptic Interaction
Authors: Duggins Andrew
Published: January 2020

In previous work, a quantum mathematical formalism associated an element of experience with a single sensory neuron, as a local reduction of a global mental state. In contrast to the binary objective states of neuronal polarisation/depolarisation, neuronal experience was modeled as a continuous variable, the instantaneous value of which could only be estimated statistically from an ensemble of evoked responses to stereotyped stimulus presentation. In the present work, the quantum operations formalism of energy dissipation through amplitude damping is adopted to explain how smooth evolution of conscious experience might arise from discrete spikes and discontinuous synaptic transmission between neurons.
Islamic Education Learning Approaches in Shaping Students’ Emotional Intelligence in the Digital Age
Authors: Mansir Firman , Karim Abdul
Published: January 2020

Over the last several decades have witnessed nothing short of a transformation in the study of religion. The human race lives in a time of deep concern for the future of the biosphere. Globalization can bring a paradox to the practice of Islamic education. Islamic education has a significant role in shaping the ethics and morals in the life of the people and of the nation to create religious and devoted people. The objective of this study was to describe the Islamic education learning approaches discourse strategy, the basic concept, classification, strategies, and its steps of developingto develop. This is a qualitative study using the main data source from literature, so it needs data elaboration from various literature. The data collection procedure by analyzing the literature using an analytical descriptive method. The results show that it’s time for Islamic education learning to develop an active learning method through good strategic planning so it can shape the students’ emotional intelligence. The implication of this result is scientific contribution and the concept of strategic approaches to Islamic education and as one of the efforts in developing the students’ emotional intelligence.
Frictional Factor Correlation for Laminar High-Viscosity Oil/Gas Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Al-Sarkhi Abdelsalam , Abdelbasit Khalid , Bahaidarah Haitham
Published: January 2020

Pressure drop prediction of high-viscosity oil/gas flow is an important issue in several industries, and it has a great interest for many researchers. This paper presents a simplified correlation for two-phase high-viscosity oil/gas flow friction factor in horizontal pipes. The developed friction factor is a sole function of Reynolds number on the basis of the mixture velocity and liquid properties. The recently developed friction factor correlation for laminar and turbulent gas/liquid flow is not suitable for the high-viscosity liquid/gas flow for which Reynolds number is less than 2,000. The validation of the proposed correlation against experimental data and the newly developed correlation showed accurate results for the two-phase friction factor for the cases matching gas/heavy oil flow with liquid holdup greater than 0.5 and mixture Reynolds number on the basis of liquid properties less than 2,000. The proposed correlation accuracy is better than the generalized correlation developed for all viscosities and Reynolds numbers and liquid holdup greater than 0.5. The less the Reynolds number, the more accurate the results.
Stakeholder views on the acceptability of Human Infection Studies in Malawi
Authors: Kapumba Blessings M. , Jambo Kondwani , Rylance Jamie , Gmeiner Markus , Sambakunsi Rodrick , Parker Michael , Gordon Stephen B. , Gooding Kate
Published: January 2020

Background: Human infection studies (HIS) are valuable in vaccine development. Deliberate infection, however, creates challenging questions, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where HIS are new and ethical challenges may be heightened. Consultation with stakeholders is needed to support contextually appropriate and acceptable study design. We examined stakeholder perceptions about the acceptability and ethics of HIS in Malawi, to inform decisions about planned pneumococcal challenge research and wider understanding of HIS ethics in LMICs. Methods: We conducted 6 deliberative focus groups and 15 follow-up interviews with research staff, medical students, and community representatives from rural and urban Blantyre. We also conducted 5 key informant interviews with clinicians, ethics committee members, and district health government officials. Results: Stakeholders perceived HIS research to have potential population health benefits, but they also had concerns, particularly related to the safety of volunteers and negative community reactions. Acceptability depended on a range of conditions related to procedures for voluntary and informed consent, inclusion criteria, medical care or support, compensation, regulation, and robust community engagement. These conditions largely mirror those in existing guidelines for HIS and biomedical research in LMICs. Stakeholder perceptions pointed to potential tensions, for example, balancing equity, safety, and relevance in inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Our findings suggest HIS research could be acceptable in Malawi, provided certain conditions are in place. Ongoing assessment of participant experiences and stakeholder perceptions will be required to strengthen HIS research during development and roll-out.
Social acceptance of alcohol use in Uganda.
Authors: Ssebunnya Joshua , Kituyi Caroline , Nabanoba Justine , Nakku Juliet , Bhana Arvin , Kigozi Fred
Published: January 2020

Background: Alcohol use is part of many cultural, religious and social practices, and provides perceived pleasure to many users. In many societies, alcoholic beverages are a routine part of the social landscape for many in the population. Relatively low rates were reported for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in a community-based survey and facility detection survey conducted in the study site contrary to findings in earlier formative studies where alcohol use was reported to be a major health problem. The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for under-reporting and the low detection rate for AUDs, exploring societal perceptions of alcohol use in the study district.Methods: The study was conducted in Kamuli District (implementation site for the PRIME project). Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposively selected participants that included local and religious leaders, lay people, health workers as well as heavy alcohol drinkers and their spouses. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis followed four thematic areas, which include the extent and acceptability of alcohol use, patterns of alcohol use, perceived health problems associated with alcohol use and help-seeking behavior for persons with alcohol related problems.Results: The findings indicate that alcohol consumption in the study site was common and widely acceptable across all categories of people and only frowned upon if the person becomes a nuisance to others. These findings suggest that the health problems associated with alcohol use are overlooked except when they are life-threatening. Help-seeking for such problems was therefore reported to be relatively rare.Conclusion: Alcohol was readily available in the community and its consumption widely acceptable, with less social sanctions despite the legal restrictions to the minors. The social acceptance results in low recognition of alcohol use related health problems, consequently resulting in poor help-seeking behavior.
Adapting a nurse-led primary care initiative to cardiovascular disease control in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Haykin Leah A. , Francke Jordan A. , Abapali Aurelia , Yakubu Elliasu , Dambayi Edith , Jackson Elizabeth , Aborigo Raymond , Awuni Denis , Nonterah Engelbert A. , Oduro Abraham R. , Bawah Ayaga A , Phillips James F. , Heller David J
Published: January 2020

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana, where rural primary health care is provided mainly by the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative. CHPS locates nurses in community-level clinics for basic curative and preventive health services and provides home and outreach services. But CHPS currently lacks capacity to screen for or treat CVD and its risk factors. Methods: In two rural districts, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 nurses and 10 nurse supervisors to identify factors constraining or facilitating CVD screening and treatment. Audio recordings were transcribed, coded for content, and analyzed for key themes. Results: Respondents emphasized three themes: community demand for CVD care; community access to CVD care; and provider capacity to render CVD care. Nurses and supervisors noted that community members were often unaware of CVD, despite high reported prevalence of risk factors. Community members were unable to travel for care or afford treatment once diagnosed. Nurses lacked relevant training and medications for treating conditions such as hypertension. Respondents recognized the importance of CVD care, expressed interest in acquiring further training, and emphasized the need to improve ancillary support for primary care operations. Conclusions: CHPS staff expressed multiple constraints to CVD care, but also cited actions to address them: CVD-focused training, provision of essential equipment and pharmaceuticals, community education campaigns, and referral and outreach transportation equipment. Results attest to the need for trial of these interventions to assess their impact on CVD risk factors such as hypertension, depression, and alcohol abuse.
An immune-centric exploration of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation related breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Przybytkowski Ewa , Davis Thomas , Hosny Abdelrahman , Eismann Julia , Matulonis Ursula A. , Wulf Gerburg M. , Nabavi Sheida
Published: January 2020

Background: BRCA1/2 germline mutation related cancers are candidates for new immune therapeutic interventions. This study was a hypothesis generating exploration of genomic data collected at diagnosis for 19 patients. The prominent tumor mutation burden (TMB) in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in this cohort was not correlated with high global immune activity in their microenvironments. More information is needed about the relationship between genomic instability, phenotypes and immune microenvironments of these hereditary tumors in order to find appropriate markers of immune activity and the most effective anticancer immune strategies.
Methods: Mining and statistical analyses of the original DNA and RNA sequencing data and The Cancer Genome Atlas data were performed. To interpret the data, we have used published literature and web available resources such as Gene Ontology, The Cancer immunome Atlas and the Cancer Research Institute iAtlas.
Results: We found that BRCA1/2 germline related breast and ovarian cancers do not represent a unique phenotypic identity, but theyexpress a range of phenotypes similar to sporadic cancers. All breast and ovarian BRCA1/2 related tumors are characterized by high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and low aneuploidy. Interestingly, all sporadic high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and most of the subtypes of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) also express a high degree of HRD.
Conclusions: TMB is not associated with the magnitude of the immune response in hereditary BRCA1/2 related breast and ovarian cancers or in sporadic TNBC and sporadic HGSOC. Hereditary tumors express phenotypes as heterogenous as sporadic tumors with various degree of “BRCAness” and various characteristics of the immune microenvironments. The subtyping criteria developed for sporadic tumors can be applied for the classification of hereditary tumors and possibly also characterization of their immune microenvironment. A high HRD score may be a good candidate biomarker for response to platinum, and potentially PARP-inhibition.
Trial registration: Phase I Study of the Oral PI3kinase Inhibitor BKM120 or BYL719 and the Oral PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Patients With Recurrent TNBC or HGSOC (NCT01623349), first posted on June 20, 2012. The design and the outcome of the clinical trial is not in the scope of this study.
Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kashyap Dharmendra , Baral Budhadev , Verma Tarun Prakash , Sonkar Charu , Chatterji Debi , Jain Ajay Kumar , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: January 2020

Background Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects. Results The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 sec treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. Conclusion Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.