bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Data Citations in LaTeX for Economists
Authors: Butler Courtney R. , Currier Brett D.
Published: July 2018

Originally presented to the 2017 Annual International Association for Social Science Information Services & Technology (IASSIST) Conference, Lawrence, KS.Recommended citation: Butler, C. R. & Currier, B. D. (2017). Creating Data Citations in LaTeX for Economists. Poster presented to the 2017 Annual International Association for Social Science Information Services & Technology (IASSIST) Conference, Lawrence, KS. Accessed through LIS Scholarship Archive. Available at http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P64BRThe Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City built a LaTeX file for acquired data so economists could copy and paste the data citations into their preferred word processing program, which is LaTeX. Copy and paste citations exist for traditional academic articles and books from places like Citation Machine or Google Scholar, which provides researchers with the code they need for various citation styles and word processing programs, including LaTeX. We could not identify a similar plugin for datasets. We reviewed all active contracts and open data sources for publication permissions, restrictions or limitations, post-termination rights, and specific data citation guidelines. Information was then compiled and made available on a private intranet site to avoid violation of non-disclosure agreements. Citation information was translated into LaTeX scripting in Modified Chicago Style when specific citation requirements were not indicated by the Licensor. This poster will explain that process, provide a template for data citations and their LaTeX scripting, and a LaTeX file for publicly available data.
Fair Use Week: Figuring Out Fair Use Presentation
Authors: Hathcock April
Published: July 2018

Join Scholarly Communication Librarian, April Hathcock, JD, LLM, MLIS, to learn about the basics of Fair Use: What can you use? How much? When and where?In particular we will cover sticky fair use scenarios across media and sharing platforms, from working with YouTube videos to reposting material from a popular website, from sharing articles in NYU Classes to reusing images on a personal blog.Bring your questions and get ready to learn about Fair Use!
Curators Needed: How Public Libraries are Bringing Community Members into their Web Archiving Practice
Authors: Milbrodt Natalie , Ward Emily , Blumenthal Karl-Rainer
Published: July 2018

Public libraries have long served their communities as stewards of local history. They have traditionally collected print materials that document their regions, but the movement towards increasingly digital and personal publishing has left gaps in the historical record—gaps in the memory of who these communities are, how they communicate, and what they may learn from one another. Due to technical challenges and lack of available training, few public libraries build archives of community history as it is represented on the World Wide Web in particular, though the web has for many years now been where community members connect and share. In 2017, the Internet Archive received grants for a two-year “Community Webs” project to address this gap in collections and services by providing education, training, and tools to enable 28 public libraries to build collections of historically-valuable, web-published materials documenting their local communities. Speakers at the 2018 Personal Digital Archiving (PDA) conference at the University of Houston, representing two of these libraries, discussed how they approach the curatorial and outreach challenges related to building localized special collections representative of the diverse populations that they serve. In particular they demonstrated how they include both internal stakeholders at their institutions as well as public stakeholders in the selection process of archiving community websites. They shared the digital literacy takeaways from sessions offered to the public and the lessons taken forward in the planning of future sessions.
Intro to Grants Research
Authors: Smith-Cruz Shawnta
Published: July 2018

An introduction to the grants research process using social networks as a strategy for optimizing results, before embarking on the database search.
Strategies for Success - Building LibApps in Moodle That Students Will Use
Authors: Dowell Meghan , Willoughby Lydia
Published: July 2018

It was already a common practice at one library that after the instruction session with a class using Moodle, a subject or course guide is embedded into the class’ Moodle instance. After implementation of LibGuides at point of need for students in Moodle, we found a 275% increase in usage of the embedded guide versus a guide which has not been embedded. The students have grown to expect their needs be met quickly, and providing an access point in an environment where they work has proven successful.
Engaging and Empowering High-Impact Educational Communities through Cross-Disciplinary Liaisonship
Authors: Carroll Alexander James , Garrett Jennifer
Published: July 2018

Colleges and universities are investing in cross-disciplinary, high-impact educational practices, which present opportunities for embedding meaningful information literacy instruction into the curriculum. However, supporting cross-disciplinary programs presents a challenge for subject librarians, who possess mastery of discipline specific research tools. Two liaisons at the NCSU Libraries will present their experience combining business and science librarianship to support student entrepreneurship as an example of cross-disciplinary liaisonship in practice. We will close with practical strategies for attendees on how to identify partners and build collaborations around the strengths of each contributor in order to support emerging areas of scholarship and inquiry at their local institutions. [Slides from a conference presentation].
Protection and restoration are needed to reverse damage caused by mobile fishing gear
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Surveys of an area once home to numerous horse mussel beds showed that damage from mobile fishing gear depleted the abundance of the species from well over 100 mussels per square meter to just four mussels per square meter in 2010. After banning all mobile fishing gear for seven years, the ecosystem had not recovered. Horse mussels act as a keystone species, so without a critical number of mussels in the habitat, other species are unable to come back. Restoration efforts are needed alongside spatial protection to fix the damage caused.
Summary: Beating the Microbead: How private environmental governance has influenced the regulatory process of banning microbeads in the UK
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Previous research suggests that private environmental governance has ambiguous effects in terms of democratic decision-making and transparency. This study advances our understanding of the type and impacts of private governance in the regulatory process of microbeads in the UK, drawing on the qualitative analysis of 3 expert interviews and 56 documents submitted to the government during the parliamentary inquiry phase.
Addressing Interactions between Fisheries and Offshore Wind Development: The Block Island Wind Farm
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

The Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is a 30-megawatt offshore wind farm located in Rhode Island waters approximately three miles southeast of Block Island. The BIWF consists of five offshore wind turbine generators and a submarine cable to Block Island. Deepwater Wind Block Island, LLC (DWBI), sited the BIWF within the Renewable Energy Zone established by the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) through a well described comprehensive marine spatial planning process: the Ocean Special Area Management Plan (OSAMP; CRMC 2010). Construction of the BIWF began in 2015 and is scheduled for completion in 2016. When fully installed, the BIWF will generate over 125,000 megawatt hours of power annually, enough to satisfy 17,200 Rhode Island households (Tetra Tech 2012). Associated with the BIWF is the “sea2shore: The Renewable Link” (sea2shore; previously known as the “Block Island Transmission System”), a bi-directional cable system that will connect Block Island to the mainland electric grid for the first time.Building off of work conducted as part of the OSAMP, DWBI made it a priority early in the project planning process to work with the commercial fishing industry, including recreational charter and party boat industries, to better understand potential impacts, minimize impacts, and develop mitigation measures. Starting in 2012, the DWBI team designed and initiated an outreach, impact minimization, and mitigation effort, the implementation of which is ongoing. Highlights of this effort include the following:Open meetings with the fishing communityMeetings with the CRMC Fisheries Advisory Board (FAB)Meeting with individual fishing groups to discuss ways to avoid and minimize impactEstablishment of fisheries and science liaisonsAn outreach and engagement process to inventory and evaluate potential fishery and fishing impactsLong-term collaborative groundfish and lobster studies with fishermen before, during, and after wind farm constructionDevelopment of a unique mitigation framework to address potential impactsA mitigation package that includes an innovative marketing campaign to promote charter and party boat fishing in Rhode Island and funding of an Executive Director of the Commercial Fisheries Center of Rhode IslandA process to compensate fishermen impacted by closure of an area during foundation installationThis paper summarizes the fisheries outreach program and highlights strategies that were effective in minimizing conflict and establishing a collaborative relationship between DWBI and Rhode Island commercial and recreational fishing communities. As DWBI completes the BIWF construction and moves into the operations phase, lessons learned from the BIWF engagement model, mitigation framework, and collaborative data collection will be helpful to inform future offshore wind developments in the United States.
Compatibility Determination: Considerations for Siting Coastal and Ocean Uses
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

This report provides information to inform use-resource compatibility determinations for certain coastal and ocean uses.
Ocean acidification could cost the UK's shellfish industry £6 billion
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Shellfish harvesting accounts for over ⅓ of total fisheries landings by value in the United Kingdom. Contributing over £400 million each year, shellfish aquaculture and the wild-capture shellfish, mollusk, and crustacean fisheries are important economic drivers in the UK. Ocean acidification could affect some of these species, affecting their survival as some of their shells could be affected by low pH conditions. To understand the monetary effects of ocean acidification, the authors calculated the costs of lost shellfish harvesting on the UK economy.
Five Year Strategic Plan: To Advance Integrated Multi-use Ocean Management for Massachusetts’ Coastal Ocean Waters
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

The Massachusetts Ocean Partnership Fund (MOPF) is a broadly representative public-private partnership created to support and advance ecosystem-based integrated multi-use management of the Commonwealth’s coastal ocean resources. By collaborating with others, MOPF will work toward the goals of improving the health, management and understanding of marine and coastal resources to ensure thriving ocean ecosystems and their continued capacity to serve vital ecological, economic, recreational and other needs. MOPF’s primary near-term goal is to support the development and implementation of an integrated multi-use ocean management plan for MA waters as soon as possible. Responsible state, local and federal agencies will develop, implement and enforce the integrated multi-use ocean management plan; MOPF will provide support and coordination for this complex undertaking.This Strategic Plan outlines how MOPF will proceed to achieve its goals in the coming five years.
OAC and SAC Perspectives on Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan Performance
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

In 2013, the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (MA CZM) undertook an assessment of the 2009 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan (Plan) in preparation for a Plan Amendment. As one phase of the Plan Assess- ment process, MA CZM coordinated with SeaPlan to conduct semi-structured interviews with members of the Massachusetts Ocean Advisory Commission (OAC) and Massachusetts Ocean Science Advisory Council (SAC) to assess their perspectives on Plan performance. Interviewers from SeaPlan’s assessment team contacted advisors and asked questions about the Plan, focusing on the Plan’s development process, the Plan’s implementation and recommendations for a fu- ture amendment to the Plan. The assessment team coded and analyzed responses to identify perspectives and insights held by OAC and SAC members. Overall, OAC and SAC members were very satisfied with the CZM staff’s competency to develop the 2009 Plan and the staff ’s administrative execution. OAC and SAC members appreciated the focused effort to produce a quality plan specific to Massachusetts’ habitats, economy, and stakeholders. Results of this assessment, coupled with a review of the Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan conducted by CZM, provides valuable context and insight for the plan amendment process.
Fine-scale fisheries co-management through cooperative acoustic surveys
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

The authors describe a method of collaborative fisheries management offering both fine temporal- and spatial-scale resolution which was trialed in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands walleye pollock fishery. In this fishery, scientists, locals, and industry are highly-engaged and already involved in a co-management process set forth by the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. This methodology involves fishers using off-the-shelf commercial echosounders to conduct acoustic surveys in small areas to enhance existing fisheries data (such as estimates of total catch from fisheries observers) in an effort to allow more harvest without affecting nearby threatened species.
Partial protection may encourage additional threats to MPAs
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

This study applies indices to quantify MPA effectiveness in reducing anthropogenic threats (extractive and non-extractive) in and around 15 Mediterranean MPAs. The authors show that fully-protected areas effectively eliminated threats from extractive activity. However, within partially-protected areas the intensity of artisanal and recreational fishing was actually higher than that found outside MPAs. In addition, both fully and partially protected areas attracted non-extractive activities (tourism) that posed potential threats.
Conservation targets might be reducing trust in MPA planning
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Surveys of northern California-based fishermen indicate that there is a relationship between the trust fishermen have in groups like managers and researchers, and their satisfaction with the outcomes of an MPA planning process. Low levels of trust with managers were tied to low levels of satisfaction with the MPA planning process. Conservation targets may be an impediment for building that trust.
Measuring the willingness of dive tourists to pay fishers not to fish in a no-take zone
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Ecosystems provide an array of direct and indirect services to human populations. In tropical marine areas, such ecosystem services often include food provision (i.e., fishing) and ecotourism (i.e., diving). In cases where there are conflicts between these services – such as where fishers want to fish but divers want to see abundant, biodiverse ecosystems – examining the economics of various alternative policy solutions may be useful.
A complete life cycle perspective on habitat requirements that control species distribution; a case study of Psammechinus miliaris in the Eastern Scheldt, Grevelingen and North Sea
Authors: Velde Kees te
Published: July 2018

The distribution and abundance of an animal is largely dependent on its habitat requirements and these requirements often change throughout its life-cycle. So to know the true impact of (a)biotic factors on a species distribution and abundance, the whole life cycle should be considered. This study aims to illustrate a fast and relatively simple approach to gain knowledge on the importance of certain habitat requirements in controlling species abundance and distribution, by comparing habitat requirements of a species’ life stages with the (a)biotic values found in nature. This is illustrated through a detailed case study of the sea urchin species, Psammechinus miliaris. Nine biotic and abiotic factors were studied, namely diet, food quantity, hydrodynamics, oxygen, hydrostatic pressure, salinity, bottom type / substrate, pH and temperature. For each of these abiotic and biotic factors, the minimum, maximum and average values were determined in the Grevelingen, North Sea and Eastern Scheldt through a literature study. The minimum and maximum habitat requirements for every abiotic and biotic factor where then determined through a literature study for each of the six P. miliaris life stages: gametes, embryo, larvae, metamorphosis, juveniles and adults. The literature search was extended by comparing data of P. miliaris observations and water temperatures in the Eastern Scheldt and Grevelingen Lake to explore the relationship between the yearly differences in water temperature and P. miliaris abundance over a 22 year period. The results show that hydrodynamics, temperature and bottom type are important limiting factors for P. miliaris, whilst hydrostatic pressure and salinity are of little to no importance. This study shows that there is a lack of research towards hydrodynamics and bottom type and it provides evidence that seawater temperatures below 1 ◦C negatively affect P. miliaris populations. This case study illustrates a relatively easy way to get a broad understanding of the habitat requirements of an organism, to identify knowledge gaps in the research area and to prioritise further research efforts.
Social media for fisheries science and management professionals: How to use it, and why you should
Authors: Shiffman David
Published: July 2018

Social media has revolutionized how people communicate with one another. This has important implications for science, environmental advocacy, and natural resource management, with numerous documented professional benefits for people in each of these fields. Some fisheries management professionals have been wary of social media use, in no small part due to unfamiliarity. The goal of this paper is to summarize the professional benefits of social media usage that are applicable for fisheries science and management professionals, and to provide a detailed guide for those who wish to get started. Though many Web 2.0 tools exist, this paper will focus on the use of Facebook, Twitter, and blogs.
25 innovative and inspiring solutions to combat plastic marine litter in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Consumption and Production Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable
Published: July 2018

Plastic Marine Litter is today a global concern. It comprises up to 95% of the waste accumulated on shorelines, the ocean and sea surface and floors. Most marine litter originates from land-based sources and can have severe environmental, health and economic consequences.Yet, solutions to prevent plastic to end up as marine litter exist and have already proved to be effective. Most of these solutions build on a circular economy approach, which puts the emphasis on preventing waste and on recycling and reuse of materials and products in the first place.The Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP/RAC), with the support of the SwitchMed Programme, has identified 25 eco-innovative solutions to prevent or minimize the use of persistent plastics liable to end up as marine litter, which can be easily replicated in the Middle-East North-Africa (MENA) region.
Ecosystem Health Indicators Conference: Summary and Next Steps
Authors: Brown Allison
Published: July 2018

This meeting summary documents the outcomes of a Northeast region-wide conference, which resulted in a community of practice among indicator programs in the region.
Increasing Ambition with Blue Carbon
Authors: Bryson Chelsey
Published: July 2018

In 2015, the historic Paris Agreement set a global goal of limiting warming to “well below 2 degrees” through a robust, country-driven framework. Unfortunately, just two years later, it is increasingly clear that the global community is not on track to meet this objective. This is evidenced by recent studies projecting that temperatures may increase by between 2.7-3.7°C by 2100, and continue to rise for many centuries thereafter given inertia in the climatic system.1 Further, the IPCC is increasingly including Negative Emissions Technology (NETs) in their models in order to achieve the 2-degree target. While many hear the term ‘CDR’ and think of Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) or Direct Air Capture (DAC), blue carbon is a lesser-known but low-cost and effective CDR option that can help meet the goals set out in Paris.
Brief description of prey selectivity and ontogenetic changes in the diet of the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans (Actinopterygii, Scorpaenidae) in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Villaseñor-Derbez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2018

Stomach contents were analyzed from 109 individuals. A total of 4 Genera and 14 Species were identified. Crustaceans accounted for %N=67.39% , %IRI= 86.37% of the total identified taxa and Teleosts %N=32.61% (%IRI = 13.63%). An ontogenetic change was observed in P. volitans diet.
The Science of "What If": A pilot study in northern Massachusetts Bay using two ecosystem service tradeoff models to assess management options
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

To demonstrate how ecosystem service tradeoff models might help decision makers predict the effects of proposed management approaches, SeaPlan collaborated with research teams from New England and the West Coast in 2009 to conduct a two and a half year pilot study analyzing multi-use issues in Northern Massachusetts Bay. The area includes active maritime commerce, two provisional wind energy areas and well-studied, protected waters in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. The two research teams applied different modeling approaches intended to support resource managers during decision making processes. One team led by researchers from the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) used the concept of efficiency frontiers from the field of economics to examine how siting an offshore wind farm would affect the ecological and economic aspects of commercial fishing and whale watching. The other team led by researchers from Boston University and University of Vermont used a complex platform called Multiscale Integrated Model of Ecosystem Services (MIMES) to simulate the interplay between commercial fishing, whale watching, offshore wind energy and conservation. To make the technical results understandable to a broad audience, researchers created a user-friendly interface called the Marine Integrated Decision Analysis System (MIDAS). The Northern Massachusetts Bay pilot study demonstrated that ecosystem service tradeoff models can improve understanding of complex interactions within human-marine ecosystems and help visualize likely outcomes resulting from management actions taken across multiple sectors. The research suggests such tools can point to options that are more comprehensive and cost-effective when compared to typical sector-by-sector ocean management.
Research can help build trust between MPA managers and community members
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

In a study of residents living adjacent to the Ningaloo Marine Park in Western Australia, researchers found that scientific research conducted in the park had helped to build trust with regard to management of the MPA. The study also found that trust could be further enhanced through a targeted science communication and engagement strategy that targets different ‘personality types’ throughout the region.
Metaphors for marine conservation and management: The good, the bad, and the inaccurate
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

A new paper in Marine Policy discusses the importance of effective metaphors for marine conservation and policy. Metaphors are figures of speech that describe something in terms more familiar to listeners, e.g., “a blanket of snow”. Good metaphors help shape understanding of something and can mobilize appropriate action. Poorly-chosen metaphors are, at best, ineffective at mobilizing support for the intended cause, and, at worst, counterproductive because they lead to oppositional behaviors or decrease the credibility of the messenger. To be a good metaphor for marine conservation or management (or any other purpose really), a metaphor must be mapped onto something that is: 1) familiar, 2) appropriately evocative/relatable for a particular culture, and 3) scientifically accurate. Appropriate metaphors are especially important in marine conservation and management because the oceans seem remote to many people, and the scale and scope of threats to ocean ecosystems can be difficult to understand and relate to.
Advancing the Practice of Performance Monitoring & Evaluation in Ocean Planning
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

A substantial body of literature from the broader planning discipline identifies performance monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) as the engine of the adaptive management cycle. In ocean planning, ideally PM&E is integrated throughout the cycle, enabling a plan to identify and respond to changing conditions and, ultimately, to evolve iteratively toward its goals. However, planning authorities face a variety of challenges on the ground, which leads to PM&E seldom being thoroughly considered early in the planning process, instead typically relegated to less than rigorous treatment in later implementation phases.This paper acknowledges the barriers to effective PM&E integration and explores strategies for advancing its practical application in ocean planning. The intent is to promote discussion among ocean planning practitioners and stakeholders about this critical component as new ocean plans come on line and existing plans are updated.
Puget Sound Lost Crab Pot Prevention Plan
Authors: Drinkwin Joan
Published: July 2018

This is a comprehensive Plan to prevent loss of crab pots throughout Puget Sound. The plan was developed under the leadership of the Northwest Straits Foundation. The plan provides an overview of causes of pot loss and negative impacts resulting from this loss in the commercial and recreational crab fishing fleets. The plan includes actions that can be taken over a three year period to prevent future loss and to minimize negative impacts after loss. The plan identified lead actors for each action. The plan was developed with input from key stakeholders including marine industry, commercial state and tribal crab fishermen, recreational crabber associations, vessel transit authorities (US Coast Guard, etc.), citizens, and agency personnel.
Positive feedback between participation and MPA performance in the Philippines
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Surveys of resource users in villages near MPAs in the Philippines suggests that participation in an MPA planning and management process leads to perceptions of better MPA performance. Participation and perceptions of MPA performance may be part of a positive feedback loop with increased scientific knowledge, perceived personal benefits from the MPA, and self-identification with the natural world.
SeaStates 2017: Marine Protection in America’s Ocean Areas
Authors: Institute. Marine Conservation
Published: July 2018

Oceans are essential to human survival and prosperity, yet our activities are pushing many critical marine species toward extinction. Marine biologists suggest that the best way to maintain the oceans’ diversity, abundance and resilience is to protect marine life in their ecosystems, especially in marine protected areas (MPAs) that minimize extractive activities such as fishing, mining and oil and gas development.However, numerous MPAs lack the regulations and design characteristics critical to ensuring they successfully safeguard marine life. No-take marine reserves, in contrast, prohibit all extractive activities and deliver the conservation benefits that marine life need to thrive. Protecting biodiversity in marine reserves increases the abundance and diversity of marine life exported to surrounding areas, both securing food resources for millions of people and preventing loss of species. In this report we group these fully protected no-take marine reserves with large and isolated strongly protected MPAs where commercial extraction is prohibited, recreational fishing is by permit, carefully managed and highly restrictive, and subsistence use is minimal.SeaStates is a rigorous, quantitative account of strongly protected MPAs in the waters of US coastal states and territories updated annually by the team at the Atlas of Marine Protection (mpatlas.org). First published in 2013, our annual reports are intended to be a tool to measure and evaluate the progress towards effective marine protection in US waters.
Options for Cooperation between Commercial Fishing and Offshore Wind Energy Industries
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

This paper is a compilation of potential and current best practices for addressing interactions and supporting successful cooperation between commercial fishing and offshore wind interests. It is intended, generally, to contribute to the growing knowledge base on this important topic and, specifically, to serve as a resource for discussions among industry and government parties in New England. Information for the paper was gathered from the United Kingdom—where the historically strong fishing industry and the offshore wind industry have a long track record of interactions—the Block Island Wind Farm, and other locations with relevant experience. The resulting compendium of best practices identifies a set of commonly-held concerns and offers corresponding tools and practices for addressing them.
Measuring progress in marine protection: A new set of metrics to evaluate the strength of marine protected area networks
Authors: Roberts Kelsey , Valkan Rebecca , Cook Carly
Published: July 2018

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have proven to be a valuable tool for both promoting the sustainable use of marine resources and long-term biodiversity conservation outcomes. Targets for marine protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity have seen rapid growth in MPAs globally, with progress judged using targets for total area protected rather than evaluating growth based on the capacity to protect biodiversity. The value of a MPA network to biodiversity conservation depends on a range of attributes of both individual MPAs and portfolios of MPAs, which are not captured by simple area-based targets. Therefore, a clear and efficient set of metrics are needed to effectively evaluate progress towards building MPA networks, considering the representation and adequacy of protection for biodiversity. We developed a universally applicable set of metrics that can evaluate network structure in relation to its capacity to conserve marine biodiversity. These metrics combine properties of effective individual MPAs with metrics for their capacity to function collectively as a network. To demonstrate the value of these metrics, we apply them to the Australian MPA network, the largest in the world. Collectively, the indicators suggest that while Australia has made significant progress in building a representative and well-structured MPA network, the level of protection offered to marine biodiversity is generally low, with insufficient coverage of no-take MPAs across many bioregions. The metrics reveal how the current value of the MPA network could be greatly increased by reducing the prevalence of multi-use zones that allow extractive activities known to negatively impact biodiversity.
Social capital in fisheries governance
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

Fishing policies are typically based on a mix of ecology and economics. It is assumed that fishers will act in line with those considerations. However, that assumption fails to consider the important social and cultural contexts in which fishers operate, and as a result may limit the policies’ effectiveness. It is important that regulations recognize and build upon the often unwritten rules and norms of fisher culture in order to secure community support.
Conservation Communication and Photography: Conversations with Marine Conservation Photographers
Authors: Brown Allison , Brown Allison
Published: July 2018

This thesis announces the emergent field of marine conservation photography. A communications theory approach is used to discuss the conservation communication aspect of photography and a semi-structured interviewing approach is taken to record and interpret the thoughts and histories of marine conservation photographers. Key themes found in the words of eight of these artists and conservationists include money, love, work, education and positivity. Marine conservation photography can be considered an occupation, a hobby, an activity, and a purpose. The field of marine conservation photography itself is a strong tool for organizations to use for fundraising, education, awareness, and campaigning. The communication theory and semi-structured interviewing approach taken in this body of work could be extended to many other domains in marine and environmental affairs.
Journal paywalls impede scientific information from being used for ocean management
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: July 2018

This study of MPA management plans in three countries found that primary scientific research from journals represented just 14% of the information cited in the plans. A main reason for this shortfall was that most journal articles were behind paywalls, where managers had no access to them. This study was the first to document the impediment that journal paywalls present to marine management and to effective application of science for conservation.
Science for MPA Management: Understanding the UN/EU Ecosystem Approach and the Role of MPAs
Authors: Kersting D. , Webster C.
Published: July 2018

The objective of this issue of «Science for MPA Management» is to explore the process of the ecosystem approach adopted in 2008 by the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive of the European Union. In this context, Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are identified as a key element in the implementation of monitoring that aims to report on the progress made towards the achievement of the Good Environmental Status of the Mediterranean. Their role must nevertheless be strengthened, with in particular a potential support from the MedPAN network to coordinate monitoring in MPAs on different components related to the EcAP process on a Mediterranean scale.
Report of the EVI Working Session
Authors: SeaPlan
Published: July 2018

This document summarizes the results of a convening to review the existing Ecological Valuation Index (EVI) decision support tool methodology and develop recommendations for increasing the tool's utility to the MA Ocean Plan.
Predictors of coastal stakeholders’ knowledge about seawater desalination impacts on marine ecosystems
Authors: Heck Nadine , Paytan Adina , Potts Donald , Haddad Brent , Petersen Karen
Published: July 2018

This study investigates variables that shape coastal stakeholders’ knowledge about marine ecosystems and impacts of seawater desalination. The influence of trans-situational and situation-specific variables on self-assessed and factual knowledge among coastal residents and commercial marine stakeholders. Data were collected using a questionnaire based survey administered to a random sample of coastal residents and commercial marine stakeholders in eight communities in central California. Knowledge of biological features was higher than knowledge of physical and chemical processes. Both trans-situational and situation-specific variables were significant predictors of knowledge, in particular gender, education, and ocean use patterns. TV and social media were the only information sources that correlated negatively with knowledge. Predictors for distinct types of knowledge were different and provide insights that could help target specific ocean literacy gaps. The study also finds that commercial marine stakeholders were more knowledgeable than other coastal residents. Having an economic stake in the marine environment appears to be a strong motivation to be more educated about the ocean.
Empiricism and the Very Idea of "Buddhist Science." Commentary on Janet Gyatso, Being Human in a Buddhist World: An Intellectual History of Medicine in Early Modern Tibet
Authors: Thompson Evan
Published: July 2018

This paper is a commentary on Janet Gyatso's book, Being Human in a Buddhist World: An Intellectual History of Medicine in Early Modern Tibet, presented at the Toshide Numata Book Award Symposium, University of California, Berkeley, October 28, 2016.
Insight meditation and telomere biology: The effects of intensive retreat and the moderating role of personality
Authors: Conklin Quinn , King Brandon , Zanesco Anthony P. , Lin Jue , Hamidi Anahita B. , Pokorny Jennifer J , Álvarez-López María Jesús , Cosín-Tomás Marta , Huang Colin , Kaliman Perla , Epel Elissa , Saron Clifford
Published: July 2018

A growing body of evidence suggests that meditation training may have a range of salubrious effects, including improved telomere regulation. Telomeres and the enzyme telomerase interact with a variety of molecular components to regulate cell-cycle signaling cascades, and are implicated in pathways linking psychological stress to disease. We investigated the effects of intensive meditation practice on these biomarkers by measuring changes in telomere length (TL), telomerase activity (TA), and telomere-related gene (TRG) expression during a 1-month residential Insight meditation retreat. Multilevel analyses revealed an apparent TL increase in the retreat group, compared to a group of experienced meditators, similarly comprised in age and gender, who were not on retreat. Moreover, personality traits predicted changes in TL, such that retreat participants highest in neuroticism and lowest in agreeableness demonstrated the greatest increases in TL. Changes observed in TRGs further suggest retreat-related improvements in telomere maintenance, including increases in Gar1 and HnRNPA1, which encode proteins that bind telomerase RNA and telomeric DNA. Although no group-level changes were observed in TA, retreat participants’ TA levels at post-assessment were inversely related to several indices of retreat engagement and prior meditation experience. Neuroticism also predicted variation in TA across retreat. These findings suggest that meditation training in a retreat setting may have positive effects on telomere regulation, which are moderated by individual differences in personality and meditation experience. (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03056105).
Death: The Ultimate Transformative Experience
Authors: Thompson Evan
Published: July 2018

Death is the ultimate transformative experience. “Death” here means not the state of being dead but rather the whole process of dying, culminating in the end of a person’s life. Death is “epistemically transformative” because you cannot know what it is like to die until you experience dying and this experience can enable you to understand things in a new way. Death is “personally transformative” because it changes how you experience yourself in ways that you cannot fully grasp before these changes happen. At the same time, death is unlike any other transformative experience. It is final, all encompassing, and has fundamental significance. Its power to reveal new truths about your self and your life is exceptional. It offers prospective and retrospective perspectives that differ from those of any other experience. This chapter examines death by describing its unique characteristics as the ultimate transformative experience. The practical benefit of this perspective is to suggest new philosophical resources for physicians, hospice workers, policy makers, and family members who care for dying loved ones.
Witnessing from Here: Self-Awareness from a Bodily Versus Embodied Perspective
Authors: Henry Aaron , Thompson Evan
Published: July 2018

We propose an account of consciousness that challenges the sharp distinction between subjectivity and the self, and that maintains the self is not merely embodied but bodily. We criticize Miri Albahari's version of the Buddhist "no-self" viewpoint, and argue that the bodily self is not an illusion.
A Mixed-Method Study of Materialism and Spirituality: Two Sides of the Happiness Coin?
Authors: Yeshi Lobsang
Published: July 2018

n this mixed-methods study, we examine the role of materialism and spirituality and how they contribute to the happiness of adults in two distinct age groups. In Study 1, 210 adults from two distinct age groups (25-39 years and 40-65 years) completed a series of questionnaires measuring materialism, spirituality and levels of happiness. Analysis of the data provided support for the hypotheses, showing that younger adults, relative to older adults, were more likely to report higher levels of materialism. Older adults, conversely, reported higher levels of spirituality than young adults. Correlational analyses further reveal that there is a significant negative correlation between materialism and happiness, and a significant positive correlation between spirituality and happiness. In Study 2, semi- structured interviews were conducted with 11 adults on their perceptions of materialism, spirituality and happiness. Results from the thematic analysis of these accounts suggest that spirituality fosters self-awareness in individuals, and inspires them to value and help others. Interviewees further state that being materialistic provides subsistence, but breed dissatisfaction. Collectively, findings from this mixed-methods study suggest that while materialistic values do contribute to happiness, such values do not extend individual happiness beyond that necessary for subsistence, and may even be detrimental towards happiness in the long-term. Spirituality, on the other hand, appears a more permanent and constant contributor to sustained happiness, though this realization only appears evident among older adults. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implication of these findings.
Commentary on Dan Arnold, Brains, Buddhas, and Believing: The Problem of Intentionality in Classical Buddhist and Cognitive-Scientific Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Thompson Evan
Published: July 2018

This paper is a commentary on Dan Arnold's book, Brains, Buddhas, and Believing: The Problem of Intentionality in Classical Buddhist and Cognitive-Scientific Philosophy of Mind, presented at the Toshide Numata Book Prize Symposium, "Taking Buddhist Philosophy of Mind Seriously," University of California, Berkeley, November 15, 2013.
Brain in a Vat or Body in a World: Brainbound Versus Enactive View of Experience
Authors: Thompson Evan , Cosmelli Diego
Published: July 2018

We argue that the minimal biological requirements for consciousness include a living body, not just neuronal processes in the skull. Our argument proceeds by reconsidering the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment. Careful examination of this thought experiment indicates that the null hypothesis is that any adequately functional “vat” would be a surrogate body, that is, that the so-called vat would be no vat at all, but rather an embodied agent in the world. Thus, what the thought experiment actually shows is that the brain and body are so deeply entangled, structurally and dynamically, that they are explanatorily inseparable. Such entanglement implies that we cannot understand consciousness by considering only the activity of neurons apart from the body, and hence we have good explanatory grounds for supposing that the minimal realizing system forconsciousness includes the body and not just the brain. In this way, we put the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment to a new use, one that supports the “enactive” view that consciousness is a life-regulation process of the wholeorganism interacting with its environment.
Catching the wandering mind: Meditation as a window into spontaneous thought
Authors: Hasenkamp Wendy
Published: July 2018

This chapter considers a form of attention-based meditation as a novel means to gain insight into the mechanisms and phenomenology of spontaneous thought. Focused attention (FA) meditation involves keeping one’s attention on a chosen object, and repeatedly catching the mind when it strays from the object into spontaneous thought. This practice can thus be viewed as a kind of self-caught mind wandering paradigm, which suggests it may have great utility for research on spontaneous thought. Current findings about the effects of meditation on mind wandering and meta-awareness are reviewed, and implications for new research paradigms that leverage first-person reporting during FA meditation are discussed. Specifically, research recommendations are made that may enable customized analysis of individual episodes of mind wandering and their neural correlates. It is hoped that by combining detailed subjective reports from experienced meditators with rigorous objective physiological measures, we can advance our understanding of human consciousness.
Enaction Without Hagiography
Authors: Thompson Evan
Published: July 2018

A commentary on Sebastjan Vörös and Michel Bitbol, "Enacting Enaction: A Dialectic Between Knowing and Being." Vörös and Bitbol provide a helpful account of the depths of enaction but their hagiographic rhetoric and neglect of important historical facts and recent developments work at cross-purposes to their account.
Primates, Monks and the Mind: The Case of Empathy
Authors: de Waal Frans , Thompson Evan , Proctor Jim
Published: July 2018

This moderated dialogue between Frans de Waal and Evan Thompson explores the nature of empathy and compassion.
In search of the True Self
Authors: Facco Enrico , Khafaji Benedikt Emanuel Al , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: July 2018

The Self is an interdisciplinary topic encompassing neuroscience, psychology, philosophy and anthropology. Despite the wealth of data available on the topic, its definition remains elusive, while its meaning overlaps with terms such as consciousness, Ego and I, and so has created more confusion and redundancy rather than clarity. Its study is also endowed with deep epistemological and metaphysical implications, on which the accepted axioms, theories and the method of investigation closely depend. Eastern philosophies have faced the problem of self-knowledge for some three millennia, achieving well-founded and valuable knowledge through introspection and meditation, and their results are worth being appraised in the Western, scientific study of the Self. We propose that the Self is related to the highest level of awareness in the continuum Ego-I-Self and, given its exclusively subjective nature (likewise consciousness), it can only be comprehensively explored through a neurophenomenological approach by merging the first and third person perspectives.