bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield Gap Analysis and Impact of Potato Demonstration in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Chaturvedi Abhimanyu , Mishra TS , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Mishra VK
Published: September 2024

A field demonstration on potato was carried out during 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Tirap. Kufri Jyoti variety of potato with full scientific practices were demonstrated in 45 locations in selected villages. The size of demonstration plot was 0,1 ha. The demonstration yield was recorded as 282 and 304 q/ha respectively as compared 217 and 234 q/ha respectively. Technology gap was 36 & 16, extension gap was 65 and 70 while technology index was 11 and 5 respectively. Hence, it was observed that there was some gap in yield of potato in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Performance of Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus L.) under Integrated Nutrient Management
Authors: Ningthi Keithellakpam Chanu , Sarlach Rashpal Singh
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season (2023-24) at Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University Mandi Gobindgarh, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) in Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus L.). The experimental field was laid out in randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments i.e. T1 -Control, T2 -100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) (40:20::N:P2O5 kg ha-1), T3 -125% RDF, T4 -150% RDF, T5 -50% RDF + 15 t Farm Yard Manure (FYM) ha-1, T6 -50% RDF + 20 t FYM ha-1, T7 -75% RDF + 15 t FYM ha-1, T8 -75% RDF + 20 t FYM ha-1, T9 -100% RDF + 15 t FYM ha-1 and T10 -100% RDF + 20 t FYM ha-1. The result revealed that growth parameters were significantly higher in treatment T10 -100% RDF + 20 t FYM ha-1 plant population (21.79 m-2), plant height (157.9 cm), number of branches plant-1 (17.15), chlorophyll content (55.74) and yield and yield attributes were also significantly higher in treatment T10 -100% RDF + 20 t FYM  number of siliquae plant-1 (291.0), siliqua length (8.423 cm), number of seeds siliqua-1 (23.01), 1000 seed weight (3.45 g), seed yield (23.45 q ha-1), straw yield (59.04 q ha-1) and harvest index (28.80 %) were observed. From this study it may be concluded that the combination of RDF and FYM enhanced the overall growth, yield and yield attributes of Gobhi Sarson.
Common Tinsel [Catapaecilma major (Druce, 1895)]: A New Record for Butterflies in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Tandan H. N. , Vishwanathan P. , Shrimali C. , Sultana R. , Chand G. , Naidu R. , Patel S. K. , Bervanshi S. D. , Bhardwaj P. K. , Lama L. B. , Rajan V.
Published: September 2024

During a field visit to Kanger Valley National Park (KVNP), we had the opportunity to capture photographs of the Common Tinsel - Catapaecilma major Druce, 1895. The species was spotted along the forest trail that leads to Kotumsar cave from Kotumsar Bariar (NH30), the entrance of the Kanger Valley National Park in Bastar. This area is characterized by dense forest habitat dominated by Shorea robusta trees. Notably, the presence of the Common Tinsel butterfly had never been documented in the Chhattisgarh state prior to this sighting, thus marking its inclusion as a new record for the butterfly fauna of Chhattisgarh.
Use of Bacillus subtilis Strains BK1 and BT2 in the Biocontrol of Fungi Spoilage in Plaintain (Musa paradisiaca L. Corn1 Variety)
Authors: Koffi Yao Fulgence , Sika-Kadji Andrée Emmanuelle , Tehua Amoa Armist , Sangaré Famatié , Alloue-Boraud Waze Aimée Mireille
Published: September 2024

The plantain occupies fourth place in terms of live production in Côte d'Ivoire. However, it is subject to fungal attacks during its post-harvest conservation, leading to a depreciation of its marketability leading to countless losses. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic properties of two strains of Bacillus subtilis (BK1 and BT2) against the fungi responsible for spoilage of plantain variety Corn 1 in Côte d’Ivoire. To do this, a total of 180 samples composed of healthy and spoiled bananas were used for fungal isolations, carrying out biocontrol and fruit protection tests. The results of this study showed that nine (8) fungal isolates: Aspergillus sp, Rhizopus sp, Rhizomucor sp, Colletotrichum sp, Rhizoctonia sp, Fusarium sp, Lasiodiplodia sp and Geotrichum sp were identified as responsible for the alterations of plantain. In vitro antagonism and biocontrol tests showed that the two strains of Bacillus subtilis BK1 and BT2 have inhibition capacities on all 8 fungal isolates. Thus the use of the supernatant of BK1 and BT2 allowed the reduction of alterations of plantains between 80.06±2.81% and 58.44±4.50%. The two biocontrol agents tested were able to extend the shelf life of bananas over a period of 12 days. Bacillus subtilis BK1 and BT2 could therefore be used as biocontrol agents in the fight against fungal damage to plantain in Côte d'Ivoire.
Lokāt (Eriobotrya japonica; family: Rosaceae): Nutritional and Medicinal Properties, in the Light of Unani Medicine and Scientific Studies
Authors: Kalam Mohd Afsahul , Ahmad Belal , Ahmad Riyaz , Avid Mohammad , Akhtar Faheem , Raza Mohammad Abbas
Published: September 2024

Eriobotrya japonica Lind. (Family: Rosaceae) named as loquat, is a subtropical fruit, which is well known medicinal plant cultivated in Japan and China. Various parts, like leaves, peels and fruits have been shown to possess various useful health benefits. In Unani medicine, it is vastly utilized in many illnesses, like fevers, nausea, de-arranged sanguinous humour (diseases due to morbidity of blood), indigestion, liver diseases, vomiting, dysentery, wounds, inflammations etc. Loquat plant contains many active constituents, such as glycosides, flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds, tannin etc. and nutritional and mineral compounds like, carotenoids, vitamins, starch, amino acids, sugar and others. According to various pharmacological studies it is found that the plant has many biological effects like antitussive, anti-melanogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, kidney protective, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activity. This review aims to shed light on the therapeutic applications of loquat based on both traditional Unani literature and scientific studies conducted on different parts of the plant.
Agroterrorism: Assessing the Growing Threat to Global Food Security and Economic Stability
Authors: S. M Kishore , Patil Chaitanya B. Police , K. S Shalini , S Chinmayi , A Vinay Chander
Published: September 2024

Agroterrorism, the deliberate introduction of harmful agents into agriculture to cause disease and economic damage, poses a growing threat to global food security and economic stability. Motivated by deep-seated conflicts and often perpetrated by both state and non-state actors, agroterrorism targets livestock, crops and water supplies, aiming to destabilize economies and social systems. Historical incidents, such as the mercury contamination of Jaffa oranges and cyanide-tainted grapes, underscore its severe impact. Recent concerns, intensified by advancements in biotechnology and increasing global trade, highlight the vulnerability of agriculture to such attacks. The potential economic damage from a single agroterrorism incident could reach billions of dollars, exacerbating food shortages and undermining public trust. Effective prevention and preparedness require multi-sectoral cooperation involving law enforcement, agricultural and scientific communities. Strategies include enhancing detection methods, developing biosecurity measures and improving international trade regulations. The World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and related organizations advocate for a comprehensive approach to bolster global resilience against agro-crime and agro-terrorism, emphasizing the need for robust preparedness and inter-agency collaboration to mitigate this evolving threat.
Green Initiatives for Climate Change Mitigation in Palakkad District of Kerala, India
Authors: Resmi J , Vismaya K , Chitra V , Anjana S K , Sumiya K.V.
Published: September 2024

Trees and forested ecosystems play a significant role in in meeting global commitments on sustainable development as well as adaptation to climate change and mitigation of its impacts. Aggressive tree planting goals to achieve canopy cover growth targets are a common manifestation to overcome the climate change challenges. Miyawaki forest creation, a method developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, involves planting trees per square meter which is intended for intensification of green cover to support local biodiversity. A food forest is essentially a planned and planted forest of food plants that provides a variety of food throughout the year. While both Miyawaki forest and food forest aim to restore ecosystems and enhance biodiversity, they differ in their design, purpose, and management practices. Hence a study on comparative analysis of food forests and Miyawaki forests was envisaged to highlight their respective benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies. The present investigation was undertaken on selected institutions of Palakkad district of Kerala namely Krishi Vigyan Kendra Palakkad where Miyawaki forest patch is created at its premises and V T Bhattathiripad College, Sreekrishnapuram where food forest is established. From this study it is understood that Miyawaki forest is reconnecting with the nature by harboring an array of native flora and fauna promoting biodiversity conservation and habitat restoration while food forest is reconnecting with nature by providing food source for pollinated server, as a habitat for many animals and it is very ecofriendly because don’t require any chemical pesticides. These techniques are highly effective in the establishment of urban forests as well as converting unproductive waste lands into ecological and socially beneficial productive lands.
Assessment of Hydrocarbon Contamination Using 2D Resistivity Imagining Method and Geochemical Analysis in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi Ismaila Abiodun , Adagunodo Theophilus Aanuoluwa , Oyerinde Simiat Busayo
Published: September 2024

The study examined the use of 2D resistivity imaging survey and geochemical analysis to map and assess the level of soil contamination due to hydrocarbon spillage in Araromi Auto Spare Parts Market Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. The objectives are to provide 2D inverted resistivity sections beneath the study area, delineate anomalously low resistivity zones indicative of long-term hydrocarbon contamination in the sections, and determine concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the suspected soils. Five traverses were run using Wenner array with electrode spacing varied from 5 m to 15 m and station increment of 5 m. The resistivity data were processed by using 2D inversion procedure to generate the 2D inverted resistivity sections. Geochemical analysis was conducted on five soil samples collected at 1 m depth in the low resistivity zones delineated on the 2D inversion sections, to determine the concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to assess the level of contamination. The 2D inverted sections delineated low resistivity anomalies, ranging from 1.25 Ωm to 5.54 Ωm, characteristic of mature biodegraded hydrocarbon contamination. The results of geochemical analysis revealed total PAH concentration of 1390 µg/kg to 16140 µg/kg suggesting that the study area is heavily contaminated by the used motor oil. The combined use of 2D resistivity imaging and geochemical analysis has shown that soils beneath the study area has been heavily contaminated by the used motor oil, and may constitute potential health risk to the soil and groundwater systems in its vicinity. The results are expected to serve as useful guide in planning remediation programme.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Organic Seed Priming Formulations on Germination and Seedling Growth in Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Kagzi
Authors: Dhatterwal Gurmeet , Dalal R.P.S. , Dalal Mayank , Kumar Pawan , Singla Aayush , Richa
Published: September 2024

The primary objective of this research was to evaluating the effectiveness of organic seed priming formulations on germination and seedling growth in acid lime cv. Kagzi at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the period 2020-2021. The study comprised six distinct treatments of organic formulations, including beejamrit, cow urine (50% and 100%), cow dung, cow dung slurry, and control (without soaking). The seeds were soaked for a duration of 24 hours. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. The study findings revealed that the control (without soaking) exhibited the highest germination percentage (45.17) and germination rate (2.38), followed closely by the beejamrit. Furthermore, the beejamrit treatment demonstrated remarkable seedling growth at 180 days after sowing, with the highest values recorded for seedling diameter (3.23 mm), seedling shoot length (36.90 cm), fresh shoot weight (3.26 g), fresh root weight (1.26 g), tap root length (37.57 cm), and survival percentage (91.50). Cow dung slurry also exhibited notable performance in terms of seedling growth parameters at 180 days after sowing with the beejamrit. Cow dung slurry showcased the highest number of secondary roots (50.00), number of leaves per seedling (31.67), leaf chlorophyll content (33.80 SPAD), and nitrogen content (1.52%), closely followed by the beejamrit treatment. Accelerating the rate of germination and growth of lime seedlings has become a top concern for nurserymen and scientists on a national level to reduce expenditures and time for seedling maintenance. For overcoming such types of problems at the nursery stage, contributing to more resilient and sustainable farming practices using organic seed priming is a good alternative against chemical seed priming.
Evaluation of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Quality Traits
Authors: Rajamanickam C. , Rangaraj T. , Sankar C.
Published: September 2024

A study on evaluation of acid lime genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits was carried out at Citrus Research Station, Vannikonenthal, Manur Taluk and Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu during the year 2021–2023. Twenty five acid lime genotypes were selected for the experiment. Observation on quantitative traits  such as tree height (m), tree spread (m), canopy spread (m2), tree girth (cm), leaf lamina length (mm), number of fruits/tree, mean fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), fruit volume (cc), number of seeds per fruit, yield/tree (kg) and qualitative traits such as total soluble solids (°Brix), acidity (%), juice content (ml), fruit juice percentage (%) and ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) were recorded. The present study results revealed that genotype SCA 19 recorded the highest values for the traits such as tree height (3.49 m), tree spread (3.58 m2 E-W; 3.74 m2 N-S), canopy spread (6.57 m3), leaf lamina length (58.40 mm) and tree girth (13.66 cm). However, genotype SCA 06 registered the lowest tree spread character. In the case of yield traits, genotype SCA 19 registered the highest values in number of fruits per tree (1080), mean fruit weight (58.75 g), yield per tree (57.89 kg per tree), number of seeds (9.10), fruit length (8.50 cm), fruit girth (4.90 cm) and fruit volume (54.81 cc). Regarding quality traits, SCA 19 observed the highest values viz., TSS (6.71˚Brix), acidity (6.78 %), ascorbic acid content (26.50 mg/100 g), fruit juice percentage (52.1 %) and juice content (46.0 ml). Hence, acid lime genotype SCA 19 recommended for further evaluation in different parts of Tamil Nadu.
Assessment of the Challenges towards COVID-19 Testing among Final Year Medical Students in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Imediegwu Kelechi U. , Chukwuani Jennifer C. , Arinze Benita O. , Ndupu Ronald I. , Ikechi Aviva O. , Chukwulebe Ifeoma S. , Ugwuja Chiamaka B. , Chimeremeze Offurum C. , Kaluokoro Grace N. , Eunice Ndoh E. , Anyamene Ebuka L. , Iloabuchi Collins C. , Anyaehie Tochi M. , Orji Onyinyechi L. , Anasiudu Ebube P.
Published: September 2024

Background: Health infrastructure manned by trained personnel is very limited in sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria inclusive due to various factors. Testing for SARS-COV-2 met with this limitation hence causing a sub-optimal level of testing for the infection. Efforts to procure reliable testing kits have been limited by various factors with medical students also being among those affected.
Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge level and challenges of the final year medical students towards COVID-19 testing in Enugu, a state in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive and inferential cross-sectional study of 137 medical students in Enugu state, Nigeria, was done. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health, Research and Ethical committee of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, UNTH, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu state, Nigeria. Data was collected using validated self-administered virtual questionnaires and a descriptive and inferential analysis were done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).
Results: A total of one hundred and thirty-seven (137) responses were received; 86.8% who had symptoms suggestive of Covid-19 never got tested. As regards to reasons for not being tested, 36.9% affirmed to perceived discomfort of the testing method; 36 % said delay at testing centers; 33.5% inadequate testing centers; 31.4% lack of knowledge of available testing centers; 31.4% unavailability of PCR testing kits; 10% percent indicated fear of result as their reason for not been tested, 8.3% indicated some levels of religious basis for not being tested. In terms of knowledge, 61.8% were aware of PCR as a testing method, and 33.6% aware of the serology tests. Females were more likely not to get tested for COVID-19 when symptomatic. Unlike the males, most of the females also did not agree that there are sufficient numbers of COVID-19 testing centres in Enugu state; although analysis of both result was not statistically significant. (p-value- 0.49; p-value- 0.18 respectively).
Conclusion: COVID-19 diagnostic testing among medical students in Enugu state, Nigeria is sub-optimal and may result in an under-reporting of infections in Enugu state, Nigeria. Hence, the need for mass diagnostic testing and re-orientation cannot be overemphasized at both state and national level.
Recommendation: We recommend the provision of more affordable and reliable testing options by the Government. Increased sensitization on the availability of COVID-19 testing centers to medical students in Enugu state and the public in general would also be needed.
Study on Trend of Immunization Coverage in Mutum Biyu Ward "B" From 2016-2019 in Gassol Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Babylon Philemon , Abdulkarim Suraj , Michael Ugwu Chima , Onyekwena Rhoda Pheela Saminaka , Ingwu Joseph Akem , Aliyu Abubakar Salim
Published: September 2024

This study examines the trend of immunisation coverage for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), Measles, and Yellow Fever in Mutum Biyu Ward 'B' of Gassol local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria, from 2016 to 2019. The DHIS2 Nigeria platform was used to gather secondary data using a quantitative, cross-sectional approach. In order to analyse the completion and non-completion rates of Routine Immunisation (RI) schedules, vaccination cards and carer recollection were the main sources of immunisation histories. One-way ANOVA testing and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. The study's findings showed that vaccination coverage varied over time. The BCG coverage saw notable fluctuations, peaking in the years 2017 and 2019. In 2018, OPV coverage rose on average but somewhat decreased. Measles vaccination rates were steady at first, then they fell in 20l8 and then sharply recovered in 2019. The vaccination rate for yellow fever was low in 20l6, improved slightly in 2017, declined sharply in 2018, and then reached its peak in 2019. The study recommended localized use of geo-mapping to identify and map communities with low immunisation coverage in Mutum Biyu Ward "B" of Gassol LGA, Taraba State.
Assessment of Impact and Yield Economics of Tomato Hybrid Variety Arka Rakshak under High Hill Region of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Chaturvedi S. K. , Chaturvedi Abhimanyu , Munth Hage , Sharma Neha
Published: September 2024

A demonstration (FLD) was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Yachuli, Lower Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh under high hill region during Summer season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 to evaluate the impact of the demonstration of Tomato variety Arka Rakshak for yield and economics at the farmer’s field of four different locations of region.  An area of 3.2 ha was covered under FLDs on Tomato variety Arka Rakshak with active participation of 12 farmers during demonstration.  The average fruit yield was 372 q/ha during 2021-22 and 410 q/ha during 2022-23 with the increase in percentage of yield ranged between 53.71 to 52.98 during two years of the study. The extension gap ranging 130 to 142 q/ha and technology gap ranging between 308 and 270 q/ha. Decrease in technology index from 45.29 per cent during 2021-22 to 39.70 percent during 2022-23 show the practicality of the demonstrated technology in this region
Effect of Blending Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) and Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) Juice on Fermentation of Wine
Authors: Kamble Apeksha B. , Pawar C. D. , Khanvilkar M. H. , Kadam J. J. , Kasture M. C.
Published: September 2024

A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed to assess nine different treatment combinations, varying in juice ratios and fermentation conditions. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of blending cashew apple and aonla juices on the quality and fermentation characteristics of the resulting wine. While studying the chemical composition of cashew apple and aonla juice, cashew apple juice had a maximum value for T.S.S., reducing sugars, total sugars and pH. Aonla aonla juice had a maximum value for titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and tannin content. The T.S.S. of must was adjusted to 24 ºBrix and pH kept natural. The T.S.S. and pH was found to be decreased during fermentation of must. The treatment T5 i.e. 60 % cashew apple: 40 % aonla juice (6.13 ºBrix) recorded lowest T.S.S. and T9 i.e. 20 % cashew apple: 80 % aonla juice (10.53 ºBrix) recorded highest T.S.S. at 12th day of fermentation. The lowest pH recorded in treatment T9 i.e. 20 % cashew apple: 80 % aonla juice (2.10) and highest recorded in T1 i.e. 100 % cashew apple juice (3.38) at 12th day of fermentation. On the other hand, titratable acidity of must was found to be increased during fermentation of must. The minimum titratable acidity was found in treatment T1 i.e. 100 % cashew apple juice (0.62 %) and maximum was recorded in T9 i.e. 20 % cashew apple: 80 % aonla juice (1.74 %) at 12th day of fermentation. The yeast count increases rapidly until the 3rd day (1524 x 103) and after that yeast count subsequently declined until the fermentation reaches the 12th day (36.07 x 103), irrespective of treatments. At the end of fermentation (12th day) highest yeast count was recorded by treatment T5 i.e. 60 % cashew apple: 40 % aonla juice (60 x 103) and lowest yeast count was recorded by treatment T9 i.e. 20 % cashew apple: 80 % aonla juice (21 x103). Wine recovery from must ranged between 73.86 and 83.20 per cent. As a result, treatment T5 (60 % cashew apple juice: 40 % aonla juice) showed better fermentation among all other treatments.
Studies on the Effect of Abiotic Factors on the Larval Population of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) on Cauliflower
Authors: Singh Bharat , Singh Archana U , Singh Neetu , Papnai Gaurav , Sudhakar S , Singh Raghvendra Pratap
Published: September 2024

The field experiments on the effect of abiotic factors on larval population of Diamondback Moth was conducted at research field of Khanpur, block Pataudi of district Gurugram, Haryana during two rabi seasons i.e., 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Data revealed that the Diamondback Moth, P. xylostella population (0.33) appeared in first week of October (41st standard week) and gradually reached up to maximum level of 8.33 Diamondback Moth larvae/05 plants during third week of December (50thstandard week) during 2017-2018 however it appeared in second week of October (42nd standard week) (1.33) and gradually reached up to maximum level of 8.67 Diamondback Moth larvae/05 plants during second week of December (49th standard week) during the year 2018-2019.
Evaluation of Some Pollen Substitutes on Productivity of Honey bee Colonies (Apis cerana F.)
Authors: Borgohain Udeshna , Deka M.K. , Rajkhowa Abhigyan , Brahma Dipankar , R Karthik
Published: September 2024

This study examined the effects of different pollen substitutes on the performance of honey bee colonies in Assam, India. Natural Corbicula pollen (CPF) and six artificial diets were compared with a sugar syrup control for 15 days. CPF consistently outperformed other treatments in all parameters. Regarding the honey area, the CPF reached 22.63 cm2 and 22.65 cm2 in 2021 and 2022, respectively, while in the control group it was 15.61 cm2 and 15.72 cm2, respectively. CPF also had the highest pollen area (15.59 cm² and 15.68 cm²) and brood area (20.19 cm² and 20.35 cm²) in both years. Colony strength was maximized in the CPF (7.55 and 7.59 for frames 2021 and 2022). Among artificial foods, OUAT-PS (soy flour, honey, yeast, multivitamin) generally performed best, with no significant difference from CPF in colony strength. All pollen substitutes stimulated honey production and brood development with foods rich in proteins, vitamins and amino acids, and significantly improved colony performance compared to controls. These results can help beekeepers select appropriate additional nutrients in times of pollen shortage.
Exploring the Genetics of Heat Tolerance through Yield Performance Evaluation in Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: R Yashaswini , Kuchanur P. H. , Zaidi P. H. , Patil Ayyanagouda , Vinayan M. T. , Nidagundi J. M. , Suvarna  , Patil R. P.
Published: September 2024

Heat stress severely affects maize yield and productivity, making it essential to identify and select heat-tolerant genotypes. Three hundred seven testcrosses derived from a biparental population were evaluated during summer at two distinct high VPD environments along with four checks (P1844, P1855, DKC9108 and DKC9162) to know their performance and association of traits under heat stress conditions.  Analysis of variance revealed significant variability among the testcrosses, indicating substantial genetic diversity. Correlation analysis identified strong positive correlations between grain yield and related traits like plant height and ears per plant, highlighting these as vital selection criteria in breeding programmes. Additionally, Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (BLUPs) were utilized to evaluate the per se performance of the testcrosses, identifying the top-performing ones with superior heat tolerance. These top testcrosses achieved an average grain yield of 3.47 t ha-1, surpassing the population mean of 3.13 t ha-1. The top 10% of selected testcross families exhibited a yield gain of 0.34 t ha-1, representing a 9.79% improvement over the population under heat stress conditions. In order to create resilient maize hybrids, the study effectively isolated 18 elite testcrosses with improved heat tolerance that outperformed the superior check P1844. This provides a mitigation method for reducing the negative effects of climate change on maize productivity.
The Application of Digital Technology in Improving the Progress Management of Assembly Buildings
Authors: Cong DISHI
Published: September 2024

In recent years, guided by the new development concepts and against the backdrop of national economic transformation and upgrading policies, the construction industry has also embarked on modernization and transformation and upgrading. Digital technology plays a significant role in this process. Schedule management, as one of the three major objectives of project management, directly affects construction costs and quality if not properly managed. Starting with the schedule management theory of prefabricated buildings, this paper focuses on analyzing the problems existing in the process of schedule management of prefabricated building projects. Through the application of digital technology, corresponding measures are proposed to solve the problems in the design, production, transportation, construction and maintenance of components, so as to improve the schedule management of components and build a sound project schedule management strategy.
Vector Borne Disease Ecology and Environment: Remote Sensing and GIS for Control and Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Masimalai Palaniyandi
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of vector borne disease epidemics are influenced by the thickness of the vectors persistent to climate, landscape, and environment. Historically evidenced of triggering epidemics in both vertical magnitude and horizontal spread (spatial diffusion) of increasing vector borne diseases, such as; malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, leishmaniases, scrub typhus, Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), West Nile virus, Lyme disease, Zika virus, and Rift valley fever in the tropical and subtropical regions, particularly, in the third world countries for the past several decades. The geographical analysis of each one VBD epidemics has a unique vector ecology and environment. The prevalence of epidemic distribution patterns and seasonal variations, and associated vector ecology were analyzed throughout the world for the past periods, in order to assess the probability of potential risk and delineate the hotspot regions susceptible to the VBD outbreaks in the country, using Remote Sensing and GIS mapping analysis. It offers a quick and efficient approach to mapping of land uses/land cover patterns and its changes over space and time, and the information on these changes linking with vector profusion and disease ecology. Vector-borne disease epidemics across the country have been evidently associated with climate factors, landscape changes, potential breeding sources; such as, water bodies, rivers, streams, and mega water resource irrigation projects, dams / reservoirs, water pools, lakes, urban agglomerations, Urban sprawl, urban dynamics, industrial developments and growths, floating population, urban migration, land use / land cover changes, wet irrigation agriculture practices, seasonal migrations on occupation, cargo  shipping movements, trade and commerce, etc., and have been acted upon changing the  aboriginal territories by extent of epidemic scenarios into the non-endemic regions. The integrated Earth Observation Resource Satellite data integrated with GIS has effectiveness upon proved to disease mapping, ecological niche modeling, risk assessment, spatial prediction, and offering answers to both the public health programmers and research scientists concerned on vector fecundity, and vector borne disease ecology, and thus, the geographical, ecological and environmental determinants of its range is considered to be essential for sustainable public health planning. Accordingly, prevention measures and appropriate control strategy may possibly be applied during the sporadic outbreaks situations in the new epidemic regions as well in the hot spot endemic regions regularly, so as to control the erratic transmission and prevent acceleration of epidemics early in advance successfully.
Evaluating Patient Perceptions of Pharmacist-Led Medication Therapy Management in Hypertension Management
Authors: Asif Zainab , Virk Aqsa Arshad , Alvi Aima Subia , Bibi Iqbal , Iqbal Mehreen , Amish  , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: September 2024

Background: Hypertension is the primary contributor to cardiovascular diseases worldwide, it affects millions and needs effective management strategies. Pharmacist-led Medication Therapy   Management (MTM) is essential in improving medication adherence and optimizing the treatment outcomes for patients suffering from hypertension.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate patient perceptions of pharmacist-provided Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services for managing hypertension. Moreover, it evaluates to examine how these perceptions influence patient`s adherence to their prescribed treatment regimens.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study aimed at determining the patients' perceptions on the Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services they receive to control their hypertension. Data from 114 patients was obtained and their perceptions were recorded using the survey instruments. Patients below 20 years were excluded. The data was assessed using the SPSS 24th version. The p-value was ascertained by using the Chi-square test.
Results: The study analyzed 114 hypertensive patients predominantly females (63.2%) aged 50 years or above (51.8%). The selection of patients was based on a convenience-stratified strategy. The p-value was ascertained by using the Chi-square test. The majority had been managing hypertension for over a year (88.8%), with 45.6% managing it for 1-5 years. Educational levels varied, and most participants resided in urban areas (75.4%). Awareness of hypertension management was high with 86% of patients recognizing MTM's positive influence on medication adherence. Despite these favorable outcomes, challenges such as medication costs and lifestyle changes were noted, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve patient adherence and health outcomes.
Conclusion: In conclusion, most hypertensive patients understood how to manage their condition and found Medication Therapy Management (MTM) helpful. MTM improved their medication adherence, reduced side effects, and enhanced their understanding of the treatment, leading to better health outcomes. However, challenges such as medication costs, lifestyle changes, and scheduling conflicts made it harder for patients to fully follow MTM advice. Despite these challenges, MTM played an important role in effectively managing hypertension.
FDA Warning Letter Trends: A 15-Year Analysis
Authors: Ullagaddi P.
Published: September 2024

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a crucial role in safeguarding public health by regulating pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Warning letters issued by the FDA serve as a critical tool for enforcing regulatory compliance and highlighting significant violations that require prompt correction.
Aim: The article analyzes trends in FDA warning letters issued to pharmaceutical companies from 2005 to 2021, identifying common violations, geographic distribution of recipients, and emerging regulatory concerns. The research is driven by the critical need to understand evolving FDA enforcement priorities and persistent industry challenges.
Study Design: Retrospective analysis of publicly available FDA warning letters and related literature.
Methodology: We reviewed 13 studies analyzing FDA warning letters, covering a total of 1,569 warning letters issued during the study period. Data were extracted on the frequency of warning letters, types of violations, geographic distribution of recipients, and emerging trends. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to identify patterns and changes over time.
Results: The annual number of warning letters increased significantly from an average of 17 in the early 2000s to 304 in 2020. Quality system issues were the most common violation, accounting for 34% of all citations from 2014-2016. Data integrity breaches emerged as a major concern, rising from negligible levels pre-2014 to 24% of violations by 2016. The proportion of warning letters issued to foreign manufacturers increased from 22.9% in 2019 to 33% in 2020. COVID-19 related violations accounted for 42.1% of all warning letters in 2020.
Conclusion: FDA enforcement actions have intensified over the study period, with a shift towards systemic quality issues and data integrity concerns. The globalization of pharmaceutical manufacturing has led to increased scrutiny of foreign facilities. These trends highlight the need for robust quality management systems and proactive compliance strategies in the pharmaceutical industry.
By synthesizing data from various periods and studies, this paper offers a longitudinal perspective on regulatory compliance issues to prioritize areas for improvement in quality management systems.
Hygienic Floor Management Using Hot Water: A Strategy to Reduce Piglet Mortality in Northeastern India
Authors: Mili Phanidhar , Haque Adib , Bora Jogiraj , Hazarika Ritam , Borah Debarun , Bappu Hrangchung Phunchu , Ahmed Rofique , Brahma Derhasar , Doley Monuj Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background: Pig farming is crucial for the agricultural economy in Northeastern India; yet high piglet mortality remains a significant issue. This study investigates the impact of hot water treatment on floor hygiene in farrowing pens to address this challenge.
Methods: Thirty-six Hampshire piglets were divided into two groups: a control group with untreated floors and a treatment group with floors cleaned biweekly with hot water at 70°C. Growth performance, feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), incidence of diarrhea, and mortality rates were assessed.
Results: Results indicated that piglets on hot water-treated floors exhibited slightly higher body weight gains and improved FCR compared to the control group. Diarrhea incidence was lower in the treatment group, which also had no mortality, while the control group experienced an 11.1% mortality rate.
Conclusion: The study concludes that hot water treatment effectively enhances piglet health and growth, suggesting its potential as a valuable management practice in pig farming. Further research with varied treatment frequencies is recommended.
The Profile Characteristics of Maize Value Chain Partners
Authors: Parveen Shaik. Neema
Published: September 2024

Value chains have always been in existence in agriculture in the sense that farms carried out production and the final consumer accessed the produce, with the product being passed through several intermediaries. With the diversified end uses, maize industry in India is being dominated by many players viz., farmers, aggregators/traders, processors (Feed industry/ Starch industry) and Consumers (Poultry industry/Food or feed industry. The current investigation explored profile of maize value chain partners in Telangana State of India. Majority of maize growers reported medium information seeking behaviour, low creative potential, low quality consciousness, medium economic motivation, medium innovativeness, low risk taking ability and medium achievement motivation whereas majority of other stakeholders reported medium level in all the characteristics but low in risk taking ability. An examination of profile of value chain partners thereby answers how these individuals can be similar or dissimilar in managing their business since these characteristics determine their business behaviour the most. The findings further can add value in the interventions that focus on effective management of maize value chains.
Enhancement in Seed Germination through Pre-sowing Treatments in Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz., A Native Tree of Eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Boro Pooja , Singh Bikram
Published: September 2024

Cinnamomum glaucescens (Nees) Hand.-Mazz. belongs to family Lauraceae, is an aromatic evergreen tree, prized for its scented timber and fruits which are rich in essential oil commercially. The key challenges of forest establishment are indiscriminate collection methods of fruit and poor seed germination. The aim of this study was to enhance the germination response of C. glaucescens seeds to various pre-sowing treatments. The seeds were collected from mature and healthy trees and sixteen different pre-sowing seed treatments, arranged in a randomized complete block design in nursery bed were applied to analyse their effect on germination. Depulped seeds soaked in 4% hydrogen peroxide in dark for 12 hours significantly (P<.05) enhanced the germination percentage (66.67 %), peak value (0.55), germination value (0.31), germination speed (0.66) followed by seeds treated in 8% H2O2 with 60.56% germination, as compared to others. Therefore, it is suggested to use 4% hydrogen peroxide to promote seed germination rates, that could be useful to propagate C. glaucescens seedlings to satisfy the demands of planting stock.
The Physics of the Carbon Cycle: About the Origin of CO2 in the Atmosphere
Authors: Roth Eike
Published: September 2024

Aims: Examination of the correctness of some assumptions of IPCC regarding climate. Discussion of consequences.
Methodology:  Explanation of terms used by IPCC and clarification of consequences, identification of prerequisites for the validity/applicability of these terms and scrutiny of their fulfillment under real-world conditions, discussion of consequences.
Results: Based on the laws of physics and logic, two central terms used by IPCC, i.e. the fixed "airborne fraction", and the constant "CO2-budget” cannot exist in reality. The first states that about 50 % of the CO2 emitted by humans (the “airborne fraction”) stay in the atmosphere for centuries or longer (the other about 50 % leaving it within maximum a few years), the latter is the maximum value of cumulative net global anthropogenic emissions that is allowed, if global warming should be kept below a given level, for example 2 °C. According to their definition, both values are independent of the temporal distribution of the anthropogenic emissions. But physics speaks against their existence. And also the “Bern Cabon Cycle Model”, used by IPCC as an alternative method to analyze the carbon cycle, cannot be correct, because it is based on incorrect physical boundary conditions. The inadmissibility of the two terms is also supported by observations of the fast decay of 14CO2 after the atomic bomb test stop agreement.
Conclusion: If the considerations made here are correct, IPCC's assessment of the sharp increase in CO2 concentration being a consequence of anthropogenic releases implodes. Consequently, the assessment of global warming to be man-made is justified no more, and the necessity to terminate all anthropogenic releases of CO2 for climate protection reasons becomes superfluous. The considerations made here appear to be very reliable, but in view of the far-reaching consequences, a careful review by the scientific community seems to be urgently needed.
Determinants of Income Inequality in East Africa: The Role of Gendered Foreign Aid
Authors: Mose Naftaly , Otieno Shem , Kipchirchir Edwin , Fumey Michael
Published: September 2024

This manuscript investigates the impact of gender-focused foreign aid on income inequality in East Africa, a topic with limited existing research. This research adds value by providing practical recommendations for policymakers to enhance the effectiveness of aid programs in fostering economic equity through targeted interventions. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) on panel data from three East African countries for over a decade provides robust evidence that gender-sensitive aid can significantly reduce income inequality. Our findings indicate that gendered aid, education and government expenditure were the driving force towards lower income inequality. Additionally, trade openness and inflation rates reduce income inequality in sampled countries, though insignificant. In contrast, the findings provide evidence that high economic growth tends to increase income inequality in East Africa and support evidence of positive channels. The major findings suggest that, in general, gendered aid does reduce income inequality. We observe that there is a need for more focused efforts and balanced aid to achieve equality goals. Increased focus and aid allocation on sectors like agriculture, digital economy, supply chains and transport can enhance women's access to opportunities and economic diversification, but a declining focus on health and education could undermine gains in their well-being.
A central role for phosphatidic acid as a lipid mediator of regulated exocytosis in apicomplexa
Authors: Bullen Hayley E. , Soldati‐Favre Dominique
Published: July 2016

Lipids are commonly known for the structural roles they play, however, the specific contribution of different lipid classes to wide‐ranging signalling pathways is progressively being unravelled. Signalling lipids and their associated effector proteins are emerging as significant contributors to a vast array of effector functions within cells, including essential processes such as membrane fusion and vesicle exocytosis. Many phospholipids have signalling capacity, however, this review will focus on phosphatidic acid (PA) and the enzymes implicated in its production from diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC): DGK and PLD respectively. PA is a negatively charged, cone‐shaped lipid identified as a key mediator in specific membrane fusion and vesicle exocytosis events in a variety of mammalian cells, and has recently been implicated in specialised secretory organelle exocytosis in apicomplexan parasites. This review summarises the recent work implicating a role for PA regulation in exocytosis in various cell types. We will discuss how these signalling events are linked to pathogenesis in the phylum Apicomplexa.
Programmed cell death acts at different stages of Drosophila neurodevelopment to shape the central nervous system
Authors: Pinto‐Teixeira Filipe , Konstantinides Nikolaos , Desplan Claude
Published: July 2016

Nervous system development is a process that integrates cell proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD is an evolutionary conserved mechanism and a fundamental developmental process by which the final cell number in a nervous system is established. In vertebrates and invertebrates, PCD can be determined intrinsically by cell lineage and age, as well as extrinsically by nutritional, metabolic, and hormonal states. Drosophila has been an instrumental model for understanding how this mechanism is regulated. We review the role of PCD in Drosophila central nervous system development from neural progenitors to neurons, its molecular mechanism and function, how it is regulated and implemented, and how it ultimately shapes the fly central nervous system from the embryo to the adult. Finally, we discuss ideas that emerged while integrating this information.
Updated global soil map for the Weather Research and Forecasting model and soil moisture initialization for the Noah land surface model
Authors: DY C. Y. , Fung J. C. H.
Published: July 2016

A meteorological model requires accurate initial conditions and boundary conditions to obtain realistic numerical weather predictions. The land surface controls the surface heat and moisture exchanges, which can be determined by the physical properties of the soil and soil state variables, subsequently exerting an effect on the boundary layer meteorology. The initial and boundary conditions of soil moisture are currently obtained via National Centers for Environmental Prediction FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data, which are collected operationally in 1° by 1° resolutions every 6 h. Another input to the model is the soil map generated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ‐ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (FAO‐UNESCO) soil database, which combines several soil surveys from around the world. Both soil moisture from the FNL analysis data and the default soil map lack accuracy and feature coarse resolutions, particularly for certain areas of China. In this study, we update the global soil map with data from Beijing Normal University in 1 km by 1 km grids and propose an alternative method of soil moisture initialization. Simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model show that spinning‐up the soil moisture improves near‐surface temperature and relative humidity prediction using different types of soil moisture initialization. Explanations of that improvement and improvement of the planetary boundary layer height in performing process analysis are provided.