bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architectural singularities of parallel mechanisms with prismatic joints due to special designs of platform shapes
Authors: Wu Xiaoyong , Bai Shaoping
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Singularity is an inherent property of robotic manipulators. A manipulator becomes singular when it gains or losses degrees of freedom at a particular configuration. In this work, a type of singularities caused by special shapes of platforms, either the mobile or the base platform, is addressed. This type of singularities pertains to the architecture singularity, but associated only with special shape designs of base and mobile platforms and spans in the whole workspace, which is referred as shape singularity. The paper provides formulations of shape singularity. The geometry and algebra properties of shape singularity are analyzed.
Three examples of shape singularity identification for parallel mechanisms with prismatic joints are included, one for 3-DOF planar mechanisms, the others for 3-DOF and 6-DOF spatial mechanisms.
The application of shape singularity in adjustable compliance mechanism design is illustrated.
Fotoclubismo em Manaus
Authors: Tavares Khetllen Da Costa , Viana Barros Páscoa Luciane
Published: August 2019

Este estudo investigou a trajetória dos fotoclubes presentes no cenário de produção manauara a partir dos anos 1990, bem como demonstrou a consolidação do fotoclubismo na cidade e identificou os eventos que projetaram tais coletivos no cenário nacional. Para tanto, realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico, expresso em periódicos, além do uso de entrevistas com os presidentes dos fotoclubes. Ao fim, verificou-se que o movimento clubista foi ampliado com as oficinas do fotógrafo Jacques Menassa em 1994 e consolidado com o fotoclube A Escrita da Luz no início dos anos 2000, que desencadeou a criação de mais fotoclubes em Manaus.
Understanding the Impact of Lifestyle on the Academic Performance of Middle- and High-School Students
Authors: Rajendran Suchithra , Chamundeswari S.
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a path analysis investigating the direct and indirect influence of lifestyle on academic performance for middle-school and high-school students. The correlation between the following sets of variables are studied: (a) lifestyle and stress; (b) stress and obesity; (c) lifestyle and obesity; (d) lifestyle on academic performance; (e) stress on academic performance; and (f) obesity on academic performance. Adolescent students from 18 schools in India participated in this study. While academic performance is estimated using GPA, questionnaires are used to capture the lifestyle habits of students as well as to assess various forms of stressors such as academic, psychological and health-related. Our results suggest that, a healthier lifestyle is positively correlated to academic performance, while high-stress level has a negative influence. A significant negative relationship is observed between lifestyle and stress, and stress and obesity are observed to be positively related. Obesity, surprisingly, is not a significant predictor of student academic performance for the collected survey data. Our investigation further exposes the need to consider lifestyle in future research.
Escribir
Authors: González Luis
Published: August 2019

La investigacion es una de las dos actividades más importantes del cientifico, la otra es la escritura: "El objetivo de la investigacion cientifica es la publicación. Los hombres y mujeres de ciencia, cuando comienzan como estudiantes graduados, no son juzgados principalmente por su habilidad en los trabajos de laboratorio, ni por su conocimiento innato de temas cientificos amplios o restringidos, ni desde luego, por su ingenio o su encanto personal: se les juzga y se les conoce (o se les desconoce) por sus publicaciones
Estudio neurofisiológico del túnel del carpo en la mano no dominante
Authors: González Sánchez Luis Ernesto , De González Gloria Griselda
Published: August 2019

Introducción: La causa del síndrome del túnel del carpo (STC) ocupacional esté relacionado con trauma repetitivo por movimientos específicos y fin de la mano dominante (STCd), sin embargo poco es conocido de la fisiopatología del síndrome del time del carpe en la mano no dominante (STCnd) cuyos mecanismos de lesión no pueden ser los mismos que su contraparte con el objeto de investigar la fisiopatología de este condición, se realizó un estudio neurofisiológico en estos pacientes. Metodología: Se estudiaron pacientes con STCnd con cuadro clínico y electrofisiológico positivo detectado en exámenes neurofisiológicos de segmentos cortos de 7 cm y comparativo entre nervios sensitivos de innervación compartida con el rt. Median (cubital o radial), adicionalmente se estudió la onda H del flexor carpí radial y electromiografía de inserción con aguja. Resultados: Once pacientes presentaron STCnd, 1 hombre y 10 mujeres con promedio de edad de 41 altos. Un paciente presento un compromiso de exclusivamente Desmielinización del segmento muñeca palma con preservación sensitiva, este paciente presenta también una anastomosis de Martin Grefier y 10 pacientes con predominio sensitiva con dos tipos de patrones, todos con gradiente de afección: 1) Desmielinización focal sensitiva predominante 4/10 pacientes y 2) Axonopatic, a focal sensitivo—motora 6/10. La onda H fue anormal en el 54% no muestra correlación uniforme y consistente con el STCnd y puede estar ausente en STCnd leve como presente en formas axonales severa. Conclusión: El STCnd es relativamente raro en nuestra casuística 11 cases en 8738 pacientes examinados, electrofisiológicamente presenta un gradiente de progresión de lesión similar al de su contraparte STCd, sin embargo son diferentes en la simetría de afección en estudios comparativos sensitivos pero no en los motores y no parece guardar correlación con radiculopatia C6 por estudio de la onda H. El mecanismo de afección parece estar relacionado con el use de soporte que del use fino y repetitivo de la mano, se necesitan estudios de mayor tamaño de pacientes con búsqueda de otros factores de riesgo.
Ameloblastoma solido/multiquistico
Authors: Aleman Navas Ramon Manuel , Martinez Mendoza María Gadalupe
Published: August 2019

El ameloblastoma es una neoplasia benigna, agresiva, de crecimiento lento que puede ser mas destructivo y amenazador para la vida que algunos de los tumores malignos de la region oral y maxilofacial especificamente hablando del ameloblastoma solido/multiquistico o del ameloblastoma uniquistico mural. El ameloblastoma es el tumor odontogenico benigno mas frecuente en muchos paises del mundo
Investigação dos conceitos de religiosidade e espiritualidade em amostra clínica e não clínica em contexto brasileiro: uma análise qualitativa
Authors: Curcio Cristiane Schumann Silva , Moreira-Almeida Alexander
Published: August 2019

Já é conhecido o papel (geralmente positivo) da religiosidade e espiritualidade (R/E) sobre a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos, porém, mesmo com evidências robustas, não existe um consenso científico com relação aos conceitos de R/E, podendo levar a: instrumentos não acurados, ampliação ou “redução” dos conceitos à outros constructos que não necessariamente são R/E. Objetivo: avaliar de forma qualitativa os principais atributos que os conceitos de R/E possuem em uma amostra clínica e não clínica do contexto brasileiro. Métodos:  14 sujeitos, pacientes e acompanhantes de 2 hospitais gerais de Juiz de Fora-MG foram sortedados a partir de uma amostra prévia (estudo quantitativo) e respoderam a um questionário semi  (10 questões) sobre os conceitos de R/E. Análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para as interpretações. Resultados: percebe-se insegurança para a definição dos conceitos (especialmente o de espiritualidade), a palavra ‘fé’ presente em muitos discursos, a importância dos aspectos religiosos privados na vida dos respondentes, a associação que os alguns participantes fizeram entre espiritualidade e espiritismo e a maioria acreditar haver algo além do mundo material, especialmente após a morte. Conclusão: fé, religiosidade não organizacional, religiosidade intrínseca e coping religioso espiritual foram as principais dimensões associadas aos conceitos de R/E.
Turismo e Inclusão Social: percepção das comunidades locais da Área de Proteção Ambiental Jenipabu – Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Araújo , Sonaglio Kerlei Eniele
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central investigar a percepção das comunidades do entorno da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu - APAJ acerca da dinâmica do desenvolvimento do turismo e dos temas relacionados à inclusão social. Para tanto, a pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado a aplicação de roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturados, tendo como população do estudo atores socais aliados a atividade turística. Para apreciação dos dados, fez-se o uso do método de análise de conteúdo baseado nas dimensões da inclusão social no turismo desenvolvidas pelos os autores Sancho (2007) e Irving (2010). A partir dos resultados foi possível perceber que a promoção da inclusão social no turismo na APAJ estava atrelada, exclusivamente, a capacidade da atividade em gerar emprego e renda, sobretudo com a criação de novos postos de trabalhos que o mercado turístico oferece. Nesse sentido, permite-se afirmar que a concepção desse conceito impera em uma abordagem majoritariamente econômica e num discurso reducionista. Entende-se que o ideal da promoção da inclusão social, estabelecida pela corrente teórica na qual se ancora este trabalho, prevê uma visão que supera esse conceito reducionista, ou seja: propõe mais integração entre os atores socais envolvidos com o turismo, garantia de direitos sociais e participativos, prática da cidadania, participação ativa no processo de planejamento e gestão, a distribuição equitativa de benefícios e novas oportunidades de inserção no mercado de trabalho com melhorias de qualidade de vida.
Clima Organizacional no Setor de Hotelaria Hospitalar: um estudo em um hospital privado de João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB), Brasil
Authors: Alencar Maria Aparecida de , Lima Thales Batista de
Published: August 2019

Este estudo objetiva analisar o clima organizacional de um hospital privado em João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB), Brasil a partir do olhar de colaboradores do setor de hotelaria hospitalar sobre o seu ambiente de trabalho. A base metodológica trata de uma abordagem quantitativa do tipo descritivo, com aplicação de um questionário a vinte colaboradores. Com os dados tratados, chegou-se aos resultados: o clima organizacional prevalece favorável. Os colaboradores consideraram a organização um bom lugar para trabalhar, há satisfação quanto às condições físicas de trabalho. Foram observados fatores como dedicação, alegria e comprometimento enquanto componentes do ambiente de trabalho. Identificou-se também que o sentir-se acolhido pela empresa é fator de bem-estar. Portanto, conclui-se que os colaboradores se mostram satisfeitos quanto ao ambiente hospitalar. Assim, o estudo contribui para que os gestores realizem constantemente o acompanhamento sobre o clima organizacional, pois a percepção dos respondentes revelou serem volúveis conforme a sensação de seu bem-estar.
Generalised nonlinear modeling of unstable stick-slip force reduction effects in friction energy dissipation devices
Authors: Rodgers Geoffrey W , Mesnil Oliver , Chanchi Jose , MacRae Gregory A. , Clifton Charles , Chase J Geoffrey
Published: August 2019

The Sliding Hinge Joint (SHJ) is an Asymmetric Friction Connection (AFC) developed to create a repeatable, efficient means of dissipating seismic response energy and reducing structural damage without yielding of the structural frame elements. Testing has demonstrated stable efficient hysteretic behaviour. However, it is necessary to fully characterise their dynamic behaviour including any less stable aspects observed in the response of these devices for selected materials. This observed behaviour may reduce device force and energy dissipation, creating an influence on the overall structure that should be fully understood and accounted for in design. This research models the hysteretic behaviour of a SHJ with a zinc anti-corrosion coating that demonstrates less than fully stable experimental dynamic behaviour in contrast to many other SHJ material choices. The model developed uses a stick-slip mechanism based on a variable friction coefficient to capture the observed dynamics with an overall Menegotto-Pinto dynamic hysteretic model. The overall results show how the model may be realistically extended to a more general model that captures observed non-linear dynamics in these and similar friction devices, and yield new insight and design tools for use with these devices.
Tauroa residential subdivision
Authors: Gerbrandt Riley C.
Published: August 2019

The Tauroa residential subdivision is situated in the hills of southern Havelock North in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. The development proposal includes removal of a moderately deep (<10 m) landslide and its replacement with an engineered fill slope. A simplified “screening analysis” method was utilised to develop reduced equivalent horizontal seismic loads for use in a pseudo-static slope stability assessment of the proposed remedial engineered fill slope. This risk-based method allows limited slope deformations to occur as a result of the design seismic event, with the magnitudes of the allowable slope deformations set in accordance with the tolerance level of the proposed development.
Pragmatism as a Supportive Paradigm for the Mixed Research Approach: Conceptualizing the Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Stances of Pragmatism
Authors: Maarouf Heba
Published: August 2019

The emergence of the mixed research approach has been accompanied by searching for a philosophy that legitimates mixing quantitative and qualitative methods in one research. Many researchers consider pragmatism as the most common philosophical justification for the mixed research approach; however, pragmatism is criticized as a philosophy in general and also as philosophical support for the mixed research approach especially for not addressing the differing assumptions of the quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Trying to overcome this criticism, the current research is mainly concerned with presenting pragmatism as a coherent, integrated paradigm by conceptualizing its ontological, epistemological and axiological stances. The researcher coins three new terminologies: the reality cycle, the double-faced knowledge, and the necessary bias principle. These philosophical stances combine both the quantitative and qualitative paradigms' points of view as two integrated, not conflicting philosophies.
Linking Motivation to Employees’ Performance: the Mediation of Commitment and Moderation of Delegation Authority
Authors: Irakoze Eric , David Kashosi Gad
Published: August 2019

This study explores the roles of commitment and delegation authority respectively as a mediator and moderator to evaluate the impact of motivation on employee performance. A survey conducted with 180 employees as participants at OTB (Burundi Tea Office) from 4 tea factories located at Ijenda, Teza, Tora and Rwegura helped to assess the effect motivation has on employees’ performance. The correlation and regression analysis in SPSS was supported to evaluate the hypotheses of this research.  The results reveal that there is a positive significance correlation between motivation and performance of employees. The outcomes from regression analysis express that commitment and delegation authority as mediator and moderator respectively have an impact on the relationship between motivation and performance of employees. 
Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Using a Fungus (Aspargillus niger) and Their Characterization
Authors: Shamim Aisha , Mahmood Tariq , Abid Monis Bin
Published: August 2019

Nanoparticles are ultrafine structures with dimensions less than 100 nm. Nanoparticles have diverse applications. There are three important methods of fabrication of nanoparticles namely physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical method is a top down strategy for the fabrication of nanoparticles. It is energy intensive and time consuming. A chemical method is simple, but is expensive and requires expensive chemicals with high purity and also involves hazards of contaminations. Biological synthesis is very simple, cheap and environment friendly, requiring no expensive chemicals, temperature and is time saving. Plants and microorganisms are commonly used in this method. These are available everywhere. In the present work we synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by biological method using Aspargillus niger and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as precursors. Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by fungi is a safe and economical process because of formation of stable and small sized nanoparticles. Fungal biomass secretes proteins which act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet, Visible) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) techniques. Their size was in nm range and morphology of synthesized ZnO NPs was hexagonal. The ZnO nanoparticles are one of the most versatile materials and are used in cosmetics and in Bioenergy production, as a catalyst and as antibacterial material.
Influence of the exchange current density and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction on the shape of electrolytically produced disperse forms - Review
Authors: Nikolić Nebojša D.
Published: August 2019

In this study, comprehensive survey of formation of disperse forms by the electrolysis from aqueous electrolytes and molten salt electrolysis has been presented. The shape of electrolitically formed disperse forms primarily depends on the nature of metals, determined by the exchange current density (j0) and overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction as a parallel reaction to metal electrolysis. The decrease of the j0 value leads to a change of shape of dendrites from the needle-like and the 2D fern-like dendrites (metals characterized by high j0 values) to the 3D pine-like dendrites (metals characterized by medium j0 values). The appearing of a strong hydrogen evolution leads to formation of cauliflower-like and spongy-like forms (metals characterized by medium and low j0 values). The other disperse forms, such as regular and irregular crystals, granules, cobweb-like, filaments, mossy and boulders, usually feature metals characterized by the high j0 values. The globules and the carrot-like forms are a characteristic of metals with the medium j0 values. The very long needles were a product of molten salt electrolysis of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Depending on the shape of the disperse forms, i.e. whether they are formed without and with vigorous hydrogen evolution, formation of all disperse forms can be explained by either application of the general theory of disperse deposits formation or the concept of "effective overpotential". With the decrease of j0 value, the preferred orientation of the disperse forms changed from the strong (111) in the needle-like and the fern-like dendrites to randomly oriented crystallites in the 3D pine-like dendrites and the cauliflower-like and the spongy-like forms.
Programa Médicos pelo Brasil: inovação ou continuidade?
Authors: Melo Neto Alexandre José de , Barreto Danyella da Silva
Published: August 2019

Apesar do lançamento do Programa Médicos pelo Brasil (PMB) alardear a ideia de inovação, este artigo evidencia o processo de continuidade do programa atual em relação ao Programa Mais Médicos (PMM). O PMB se estrutura nos acertos do PMM para montar o seu arcabouço de funcionamento e tenta superar problemas existentes no programa anterior. A principal proposta do PMB é a carreira médica para atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), sem, no entanto, apresentar outros elementos importantes para a fixação profissional. Desta forma, apresenta-se como uma política mais frágil que seu antecessor, com foco apenas no provimento de médicos, correndo o risco de não atingir os objetivos a que se propôs enquanto política pública. Além disso, através da proposta de criação da Agência para o Desenvolvimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde (Adaps), o programa abre margem para a privatização dos serviços de APS e do Sistema Único de Saúde como um todo.
Genetic evaluation of eggshell color based on additive and dominance models in laying hens
Authors: Guo Jun , Wang Kehua , Qu Liang , Dou Taocun , Ma Meng , Shen Manman , Hu Yuping
Published: August 2019

Objective: Eggshells with a uniform color and intensity are important for egg production because many consumers assess the quality of an egg according to the shell color. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of dominant effects on the variations in eggshell color after 32 weeks in a crossbred population.Methods: This study was conducted using 7,878 eggshell records from 2,626 hens. Heritability was estimated using a univariate animal model, which included inbreeding coefficients as a fixed effect and animal additive genetic, dominant genetic, and residuals as random effects. Genetic correlations were obtained using a bivariate animal model. The optimal diagnostic criteria identified in this study were: L* value (lightness) using a dominance model, and a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) value using an additive model.Results: The estimated heritabilities were 0.65 for shell lightness, 0.42 for redness, and 0.60 for yellowness. The dominance heritability was 0.23 for lightness. The estimated genetic correlations were 0.61 between lightness and redness, –0.84 between lightness and yellowness, and –0.39 between redness and yellowness.Conclusion: These results indicate that dominant genetic effects could help to explain the phenotypic variance in eggshell color, especially based on data from blue-shelled chickens. Considering the dominant genetic variation identified for shell color, this variation should be employed to produce blue eggs for commercial purposes using a planned mating system.
REMINDER TO COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

REMINDER TO COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS
Debates político-doctrinarios en Brasil: ¿Un corporativismo a la brasileña? = Political and doctrinal debates in Brazil: another Brazilian-style corporatism?
Authors: Abreu Albernaz Cássio , Abreu Luciano Aronne
Published: August 2019

El objetivo de este texto es introducir el pensamiento de Temístocles Cavalcanti y Mem de Sá y sus apropiaciones del corporativismo propuesto, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, por el francés Roger Bonnard, en los debates corrientes en Brasil sobre la temática. De esa forma, se busca ir más allá de las ya clásicas discusiones sobre las obras de Oliveira Viana y Azevedo Amaral y sus lecturas del rumano Mikhail Manoilesco. Teniéndose en cuenta la escasez —o, tal vez, inexistencia— de otros estudios similares a ese respecto, el presente texto se dividirá en tres momentos claramente marcados sobre el pensamiento de cada uno de esos autores, en los que se presentarán: 1) una breve síntesis doctrinaria de Bonnard; 2) un análisis de las apropiaciones de sus ideas por parte de Temístocles Cavalcanti y Mem de Sá; y 3) las propuestas de estos últimos de aplicación de dichas ideas al caso brasileño. La interrogante que se procura responder sería: se trataría de un corporativismo a la brasileña, alternativo a la influencia hegemónica de Manoilesco?AbstractThe objective of this text is to introduce the thought of Temístocles Cavalcanti and Mem de Sá and their appropriation of the corporatism proposed in the first half of the 20th Century by the French Roger Bonnard, in the current debates in Brazil on the subject. In this way, we seek to go beyond the classic discussions on the work of Oliveira Viana and Azevedo Amaral and their readings of the Romanian Mikhail Manoilesco. Considering the scarcity —or perhaps, the nonexistence— of other studies on this subject, the present work is divided into three clearly marked parts on the thought of each of these authors, which will be presented as follows: 1) a brief doctrinal synthesis of Bonnard; 2) an analysis of the appropriation of his ideas by Themistocles Cavalcanti and Mem de Sá; and 3) the proposals of the latter to apply these ideas to the Brazilian case. The question we aim to answer is: would this be a Brazilian-style corporatism, an alternative to the hegemonic influence of Manoilesco?
Modern Medical Consequences of the Ancient Evolution of a Long, Flexible Lumbar Spine
Authors: Selby Michael S. , Gillette Austin , Raval Yash , Taufiq Maliha , Sampson Michael J.
Published: August 2019

Modern human bipedality is unique and requires lumbar lordosis, whereas chimpanzees, our closest relatives, have short lumbar spines rendering them incapable of lordosis. To facilitate lordosis, humans have longer lumbar spines, greater lumbosacral angle, dorsally wedged lumbar vertebral bodies, and lumbar zygapophyseal joints with both increasingly coronal orientation and further caudal interfacet distances. These features limit modern lower lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint ailments, albeit imperfectly. The more coronal zygapophyseal orientation limits spondylolisthesis, while increasing interfacet distance may limit spondylolysis. Common back pain, particularly in people who are obese or pregnant, may result from increased lumbar lordosis, causing additional mass transfer through the zygapophyseal joints rather than vertebral bodies. Reduction in lumbar lordosis, such as in flatback syndrome from decreased lumbosacral angle, can also cause back pain. Human lumbar lordosis is necessary for placing the trunk atop the pelvis and presents a balancing act not required of our closest primate relatives.
The RIPper, a web-based tool for genome-wide quantification of Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutations
Authors: van Wyk Stephanie , Harrison Christopher H. , Wingfield Brenda D. , De Vos Lieschen , van der Merwe Nicolaas A. , Steenkamp Emma T.
Published: August 2019

Background

The RIPper (http://theripper.hawk.rocks) is a set of web-based tools designed for analyses of Repeat-Induced Point (RIP) mutations in the genome sequences of Ascomycota. The RIP pathway is a fungal genome defense mechanism that is aimed at identifying repeated and duplicated motifs, into which it then introduces cytosine to thymine transition mutations. RIP thus serves to deactivate and counteract the deleterious consequences of selfish or mobile DNA elements in fungal genomes. The occurrence, genetic context and frequency of RIP mutations are widely used to assess the activity of this pathway in genomic regions of interest. Here, we present a bioinformatics tool that is specifically fashioned to automate the investigation of changes in RIP product and substrate nucleotide frequencies in fungal genomes.

Results

We demonstrated the ability of The RIPper to detect the occurrence and extent of RIP mutations in known RIP affected sequences. Specifically, a sliding window approach was used to perform genome-wide RIP analysis on the genome assembly ofNeurospora crassa. Additionally, fine-scale analysis with The RIPper showed that gene regions and transposable element sequences, previously determined to be affected by RIP, were indeed characterized by high frequencies of RIP mutations. Data generated using this software further showed that large proportions of theN. crassagenome constitutes RIP mutations with extensively affected regions displaying reduced GC content. The RIPper was further useful for investigating and visualizing changes in RIP mutations across the length of sequences of interest, allowing for fine-scale analyses.

Conclusion

This software identified RIP targeted genomic regions and provided RIP statistics for an entire genome assembly, including the genomic proportion affected by RIP. Here, we present The RIPper as an efficient tool for genome-wide RIP analyses.
Three new species, one new genus and subfamily of Dorylaimida (de Man, 1876) Pearse, 1942, and revisions on the families Tylencholaimellidae Jairajpuri, 1964 and Mydonomidae Thorne, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
Authors: Wu Wen-Jia , Xu Chun-Ling , Xie Hui , Wang Dong-Wei
Published: August 2019

Three new species of the order Dorylaimida (de Man, 1876) Pearse, 1942 were identified and described.Paratylencholaimus sanshaensisgen. nov. sp. nov. from Hainan is proposed as a new member of the family Tylencholaimellidae Jairajpuri, 1964.Paratylencholaimusgen. nov. is close toPhellonemaThorne, 1964 andGoferusJairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992 but can be differentiated mainly by having basal part of odontophore rod-like and without knobs, and basal part of pharynx expanded gradually.Tylencholaimus zhongshanensissp. nov. from Guangdong andDorylaimoides shapotouensissp. nov. from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are also described herein. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rDNA and the D2–D3 region of the 28S rDNA support that the three new species are valid. The classifications of the families Tylencholaimellidae and Mydonomidae Thorne, 1964 are revised mainly based on the analysis of the morphology of odontostyle and odontophore. After these revisions, Paratylencholaiminae subfam. nov. includingParatylencholaimusgen. nov. andGoferusis proposed.AthernemaandAgmodorusof Tylencholaimellidae are transferred into Mydonomidae, and the subfamily Athernematinae of Tylencholaimellidae is dismissed. The main characteristics of the family Mydonomidae and Tylencholaimellidae are revised. Keys to the genera of Mydomonidae and Tylencholaimellidae are included.
Bridging the TB data gap: in silico extraction of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis diagnostic test results from whole genome sequence data
Authors: Ng Kamela C. S. , Ngabonziza Jean Claude S. , Lempens Pauline , de Jong Bouke C. , van Leth Frank , Meehan Conor J.
Published: August 2019

Background

Mycobacterium tuberculosis rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely employed in routine laboratories and national surveys for detection of rifampicin-resistant (RR)-TB. However, as next-generation sequencing technologies have become more commonplace in research and surveillance programs, RDTs are being increasingly complemented by whole genome sequencing (WGS). While comparison between RDTs is difficult, all RDT results can be derived from WGS data. This can facilitate continuous analysis of RR-TB burden regardless of the data generation technology employed. By converting WGS to RDT results, we enable comparison of data with different formats and sources particularly for low- and middle-income high TB-burden countries that employ different diagnostic algorithms for drug resistance surveys. This allows national TB control programs (NTPs) and epidemiologists to utilize all available data in the setting for improved RR-TB surveillance.

Methods

We developed the Python-based MycTB Genome to Test (MTBGT) tool that transforms WGS-derived data into laboratory-validated results of the primary RDTs—Xpert MTB/RIF, XpertMTB/RIF Ultra, GenoType MDRTBplus v2.0, and GenoscholarNTM+MDRTB II. The tool was validated through RDT results of RR-TB strains with diverse resistance patterns and geographic origins and applied on routine-derived WGS data.

Results

The MTBGT tool correctly transformed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data into the RDT results and generated tabulated frequencies of the RDT probes as well as rifampicin-susceptible cases. The tool supplemented the RDT probe reactions output with the RR-conferring mutation based on identified SNPs. The MTBGT tool facilitated continuous analysis of RR-TB and Xpert probe reactions from different platforms and collection periods in Rwanda.

Conclusion

Overall, the MTBGT tool allows low- and middle-income countries to make sense of the increasingly generated WGS in light of the readily available RDT results, and assess whether currently implemented RDTs adequately detect RR-TB in their setting. With its feature to transform WGS to RDT results and facilitate continuous RR-TB data analysis, the MTBGT tool may bridge the gap between and among data from periodic surveys, continuous surveillance, research, and routine tests, and may be integrated within the national information system for use by the NTP and epidemiologists to improve setting-specific RR-TB control. The MTBGT source code and accompanying documentation are available at https://github.com/KamelaNg/MTBGT.
The association between evidence of a predator threat and responsiveness to alarm calls in Western Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis)
Authors: Silvestri Annabel , Morgan Kate , Ridley Amanda R.
Published: August 2019

Alarm calls are a widespread form of antipredator defence and being alerted to the presence of predators by the alarm calls of conspecifics is considered one of the benefits of group living. However, while social information can allow an individual to gain additional information, it can also at times be inaccurate or irrelevant. Such variation in the accuracy of social information is predicted to select for receivers to discriminate between sources of social information. In this study, we used playback experiments to determine whether Western Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen dorsalis) respond to the predator information associated with alarm calls. Magpies were exposed to the alarm calls of two group members that differed in the threat associated with the alarm call: one call was played in the presence of a predator model while the other was not—in order to establish differences in the predator information provided by each caller. We then played back the alarm calls of the same group members in the absence of the predator model to determine whether magpies responded differently to signallers in response to thepreviousassociation between the alarm call and a predator threat. We found that receivers showed significantly greater levels of responsiveness to signallers that previously gave alarm calls in the appropriate context. Thus, the accuracy of threat-based information influenced subsequent receiver response.
Cell proliferation controls body size growth, tentacle morphogenesis, and regeneration in hydrozoan jellyfishCladonema pacificum
Authors: Fujita Sosuke , Kuranaga Erina , Nakajima Yu-ichiro
Published: August 2019

Jellyfish have existed on the earth for around 600 million years and have evolved in response to environmental changes. Hydrozoan jellyfish, members of phylum Cnidaria, exist in multiple life stages, including planula larvae, vegetatively-propagating polyps, and sexually-reproducing medusae. Although free-swimming medusae display complex morphology and exhibit increase in body size and regenerative ability, their underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the roles of cell proliferation in body-size growth, appendage morphogenesis, and regeneration usingCladonema pacificumas a hydrozoan jellyfish model. By examining the distribution of S phase cells and mitotic cells, we revealed spatially distinct proliferating cell populations in medusae, uniform cell proliferation in the umbrella, and clustered cell proliferation in tentacles. Blocking cell proliferation by hydroxyurea caused inhibition of body size growth and defects in tentacle branching, nematocyte differentiation, and regeneration. Local cell proliferation in tentacle bulbs is observed in medusae of two other hydrozoan species,Cytaeis uchidaeandRathkea octopunctata, indicating that it may be a conserved feature among hydrozoan jellyfish. Altogether, our results suggest that hydrozoan medusae possess actively proliferating cells and provide experimental evidence regarding the role of cell proliferation in body-size control, tentacle morphogenesis, and regeneration.
Determination of Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Alcohol Administration in Wistar Rats
Authors: Dawodu O. G. , Ebuehi O. A. T. , Odesanmi O. S. , Olalekan M. O.
Published: August 2019

Animal model development of alcohol administration in rats is of crucial importance as it gives indirect information to effects of alcohol in humans. An indirect assessment of this would be the biochemical and histological data that could arise from such experiments.

20 Male Wistar rats weighing (63.50±3.79 g), were divided into four groups (consisting 15 treated animals and 5 control animals) and administered with varying concentrations of ethanol (5% 15% and 40%) via intragastric intubation for a period of 28 days. Probic evaluations, liver biochemical enzymes and alteration in histology profile of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and viscera organs (namely the liver, kidney, heart and lungs) were determined after experimental duration.

At 40% ethanol administration, the rats showed biochemically significant decrease in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum aspartate (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) when compared to normal study while 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats were comparable with control values i.e. normal study. Probic evaluations such as body weight, water intake and food intake showed percentage decrease in 40% ethanol administrated rat when compared with controls. The photomicrographs of the 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats indicated mild damage in their histological profiles when compared to the normal study while there was more adverse damage occurring in the 40% ethanol administrated rats.

Conclusion: From this study, serum aspartate (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT), probic evaluation (body weight, food intake and water intake) coupled with histopathological investigation may be used as biomarker for the early diagnosis of ethanol toxicity in human beings.
Studies on the Mineral Compositions and Organoleptic Properties of Fermented and Extruded Ripe Plantain and Groundnut Blend
Authors: Ajayi-Choco T. L. , Ojokoh A. O.
Published: August 2019

Extrusion cooking is one of the most efficient and versatile food processing technologies that can be used to produce pre-cooked and dehydrated food products. This study aimed at investigating the mineral compositions and organoleptic properties of fermented and extruded ripe plantain and groundnut blend. Ripe plantain and groundnut samples were obtained from Oja Oba market, Akure. The dehauled groundnut seeds were milled to give a paste after which the oil was removed to give fine flour, plantains were dried and milled and both were kept in an airtight container before use. The unripe plantain and groundnut flours were formulated in the ratio of (ripe plantain: groundnut) 100:0; 80:20; 60:40; 50:50 and 0:100 Sample A (100:0) = 100% ripe plantain flour Sample B (80:20) = 80% ripe plantain flour and 20% groundnut flour, Sample C (60:40) = 60% ripe plantain flour and 40% groundnut flour, Sample D (50:50) = 50% ripe plantain flour and 50% groundnut flour and Sample E (0:100) = 100% groundnut flour. A batch of the flour blends was fermented using submerged state fermentation method for 96 hours. The fermentation process was terminated by oven drying at 60°C for 24 hours and later extruded. The sensory evaluation was carried out on the products. The study revealed that fermentation had significant (p<0.05) effects on high sodium contents (ranging from 37.90±0.00 to 44.80±0.01 mg/g) of the blends, potassium (K) content was highest in fermented blends with values ranging from 115.23±0.31 to 125.06±0.06 mg/g, extrusion and fermentation increased magnesium and calcium contents ranging from 18.00±0.57 to 150.0±0.00 and 50.01±0.24 to 220.0±0.57 mg/g respectively of the blends significantly (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in iron content between all the blends. Fermented blends had the highest overall acceptability. The investigation so far revealed that the blending of ripe plantain and groundnut has the potential of producing enriched complementary food for teeming malnourished children of developing countries.
ASSESSING PUBLIC PERCEPTION FOR ILLUMINATION OF BUILDING IN KAYUTANGAN STREET, MALANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Azis Baskoro , Santosa Herry , Ernawati Jenny
Published: August 2019

Malang is well-known for colonial buildings. Visual quality of  building in the Kayutangan corridor makes it an icon of Malang City. Assessment of visual quality is affected by daytime and nighttime conditions. Day and night lighting are factors that influenced the visual quality assessment of buildings. This study meant to assess the visual quality of buildings in the kayutangan corridor which has a history and aspects that influence by society during the day and night. This study used a descriptive quantitative method explaining public perception about the visual quality of buildings in Kayutangan street corridors during the day and night. Semantic Differential Scale was the instrument to describe the respondents’ perceptions. From the result showed that visual quality of four of 10 buildings have a low scores and there are six variables that have the most influence on daylight and eight variables at night on buildings in the Kayutangan corridor.
RELEVANCY OF INDOOR TEMPERATURE AND FENG SHUI LUO PAN COMPASS: THE CASE OF DOMESTIC BUILDINGS IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Authors: Hogianto Juan , E. Mediastika Christina
Published: August 2019

This paper reports an investigation of the scientific justification of room temperature and the beliefs on Luo Pan Compass; a part of Feng Shui wisdom. The compass is a rule of thumb on the placement of a particular room within a house to achieve indoor comfort and occupants’ well-being based on house orientation to the wind direction. The study was conducted in a quantitative method consists of field measurements and questionnaire survey. The result was to be consulted with indoor temperature comfort standard and to the Luo Pan Compass. Eight houses were selected in a purposive method. The investigation showed that the indoor temperature of seven out of eight studied houses were not within the standard. It was in good agreement with the respondents’ opinions. The finding of this study may be referred by building designers that Luo Pan Compass is relevant to the temperature comfort level of the indoor environment.
Linkages between violence‐associated attitudes and psychological, physical, and sexual dating abuse perpetration and victimization among male and female adolescents
Authors: Ybarra Michele L. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer
Published: August 2019

Attitudes about violence and sex in dating relationships were related to psychological, physical, and sexual teen dating abuse perpetration and victimization. Data from Wave 4 of the national, randomly selected, Growing up with Media cohort (n = 876 adolescents aged 14‐19 years), collected in 2011, were analyzed. Dating youth perceived more peer pressure to have sex and were more accepting of sex in brief or nonmarital relationships than pre‐dating youth. Boys had higher levels of rape‐supportive attitudes than girls. Among dating youth, the relative odds of involvement in teen dating abuse as a perpetrator or a victim were generally associated with greater acceptance of relationship violence, perceived peer pressure to have sex, and acceptance of sex in brief and/or nonmarital relationships. Rape‐supportive attitudes were not significantly associated with any type of teen dating abuse involvement. Programs aimed at preventing dating abuse might benefit from targeting attitudes associated with sexual activity as well as relationship violence.
Parental media monitoring, prosocial violent media exposure, and adolescents' prosocial and aggressive behaviors
Authors: Holmgren Hailey G. , Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Stockdale Laura A. , Coyne Sarah M.
Published: August 2019

Prosocial violent media (e.g., media that combines both violent and prosocial content) is especially popular in entertainment media today. However, it remains unclear how parental media monitoring is associated with exposure to prosocial violent content and adolescent behavior. Accordingly, 1,193 adolescents were asked about parental media monitoring, media content exposure, and behavior. Main findings suggest that autonomy supportive restrictive monitoring was associated with lower levels of exposure to prosocial violent content, but only among older adolescents. Additionally, autonomy supportive restrictive monitoring was the only form of parental media monitoring associated with lower levels of violent content and higher levels of prosocial content, and autonomy supportive active monitoring was the only parental monitoring strategy that promoted prosocial behavior via exposure to prosocial media content. Discussion focuses on the importance of autonomy supportive parental monitoring, as well as the implications of parents encouraging their children to watch media with limited violent content—even if it is prosocial violent content.
Microglia in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with progranulin or C9ORF72 mutations
Authors: Sakae Nobutaka , Roemer Shanu F. , Bieniek Kevin F. , Murray Melissa E. , Baker Matthew C. , Kasanuki Koji , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Petrucelli Leonard , Van Blitterswijk Marka , Rademakers Rosa , Dickson Dennis W.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To identify clinicopathological differences between frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) due to mutations in progranulin (FTLD‐GRN) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (FTLD‐C9ORF72).

Methods

We performed quantitative neuropathologic comparison of 17 FTLD‐C9ORF72 and 15 FTLD‐GRN with a focus on microglia. For clinical comparisons, only cases with high quality medical documentation and concurring diagnoses by at least two neurologists were included (14 FTLD‐GRN and 13 FTLD‐C9ORF72). Neuropathological analyses were limited to TDP‐43 Type A to assure consistent assessment between the groups, acknowledging that Type A is a minority of C9ORF72 patients. Furthermore, only cases with sufficient tissue from all regions were studied (11 FTLD‐GRN and 11 FTLD‐C9ORF72). FTLD cases were also compared to age– and sex–matched normal controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed for pTDP‐43, IBA‐1, CD68, and GFAP. Morphological characterization of microglia was performed in sections of cortex blinded to clinical and genetic information.

Results

FTLD‐GRN patients had frequent asymmetric clinical features, including aphasia and apraxia, as well as more asymmetric cortical atrophy. Neuropathologically, FTLD‐C9ORF72 had greater hippocampal tau pathology and more TDP‐43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. FTLD‐GRN had more neocortical microvacuolation, as well as more IBA‐1–positive ameboid microglia in superficial cortical layers and in subcortical white matter. FTLD‐GRN also had more microglia with nuclear condensation, possibly indicating apoptosis. Microglial morphology with CD68 immunohistochemistry in FTLD‐GRN and FTLD‐C9ORF72 differed from controls.

Interpretation

Our findings underscore differences in microglial response in FTLD‐C9ORF72 and FTLD‐GRN as shown by significant differences in ameboid microglia in gray and white matter. These results suggest the differential contribution of microglial dysfunction in FTLD‐GRN and FTLD‐C9ORF72 and suggest that clinical, neuroimaging and pathologic differences could in part be related to differences in microglia response.