bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Thiadiazoles and Thiazoles Linked to Pyrazole Ring.
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Abdallah Magda A. , Abdelaziz Mohamad R. , Eldin Serag Nany S.
Published: July 2016

The novel thioanilide derivative (I) reacts with a number of haloketones and haloesters affording the respective thiazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Planar Chiral Shvo Catalysts for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Dou Xiaowei , Hayashi Tamio
Published: July 2016

Several examples for transfer hydrogenations are given which may proceed with high yields and moderate enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Promoted Heterogeneous Platinum Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines.
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Onodera Wataru , Touchy Abeda S. , Siddiki S. M. A. H. , Toyao Takashi , Kon Kenichi
Published: July 2016

Among a series of heterogeneous catalysts screened, Pt‐Nb2O5 shows the highest catalytic activity in the selective hydrogenation of various tertiary amides (I) and caprolactams (III) to the corresponding amines (II) and (IV), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Alkenenitriles: Copper‐Catalyzed Deconjugative α‐Alkylation.
Authors: Yang Xun , Nath Dinesh , Morse Jared , Ogle Craig , Yurtoglu Emine , Altundas Ramazan , Fleming Fraser
Published: July 2016

An unusual amido cuprate, generated in situ from LDA and CuCN, is used for deprotonation of cyclic, α,β‐unsaturated nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy and Aziridinyl Enolsilanes in Diastereoselective Inter‐ and Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylations.
Authors: Ling Jesse , Lam Sze Kui , Lo Brian , Lam Sarah , Wong Wing‐Tak , Sun Jian , Chen Guanhua , Chiu Pauline
Published: July 2016

Intermolecular alkylations with optically‐enriched epoxides are found to occur with preservation of e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Replacing Pd(OAc)2 with Supported Palladium Nanoparticles in ortho‐Directed CDC Reactions of Alkylbenzenes.
Authors: Bao Yong‐Sheng , Zhang Dongling , Jia Meilin , Zhaorigetu Bao
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of aromatic ketones by dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of 2‐arylpyridines with alkylbenzenes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stable Form of Nitroacetonitrile.
Authors: Voinkov Egor K. , Ulomskiy Evgeny N. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Savateev Konstantin V. , Fedotov Victor V. , Gorbunov Evgeny B. , Isenov Maksim L. , Eltsov Oleg S.
Published: July 2016

The water‐soluble, stable potassium salt of nitroacetonitrile (III) is synthesized and used as substitute for free nitroacetonitrile in the reaction with aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of γ‐Aryl α,γ‐Dioxo‐butyric Acid Esters.
Authors: Mo Yuan‐Zhao , Nie Hui‐Fang , Lei Yang , Zhang Dong‐Xu , Li Xiao‐Ye , Zhang Sheng‐Yong , Wang Qiao‐Feng
Published: July 2016

Six ferrocene‐based chiral ligands are prepared and applied in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a series of γ‐aryl‐α,γ‐dioxo‐butyric acid esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Oxygenation of Siloxy‐N‐silylketenimines to α‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Ando Masafumi , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Takeda Kei
Published: July 2016

α,β‐Unsaturated siloxy‐N‐silylketenimines, in situ generated from O‐silyl cyanohydrins, are conveniently and efficiently transformed to the corresponding α‐ketoamides by short exposure to air or oxygen under extremely mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Photochemical Thiol—Ene Reaction as a Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Glutathione S‐Conjugates Targeting the Bacterial Potassium Efflux System Kef.
Authors: Healy Jess , Rasmussen Tim , Miller Samantha , Booth Ian R. , Conway Stuart J.
Published: July 2016

20 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereo‐ and Regioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Diynes with Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Cao Tao , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2016

Symmetric and nonsymmetric diynes are efficiently transformed according to the title reaction, thus providing 2,4‐alkadienoic carboxylates with a Z,E configuration exo to a five‐ or six‐membered ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzylic C—H Azidation Using the Zhdankin Reagent and a Copper Photoredox Catalyst.
Authors: Rabet Pauline T. G. , Fumagalli Gabriele , Boyd Scott , Greaney Michael F.
Published: July 2016

A wide range of substrates bearing various functional groups and having a primary, secondary, or tertiary benzylic position are utilized in azidation reactions for the C—N bond formation at benzylic C—H positions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Aminonaphthoquinone—Sulfonylamidine Conjugates and in vitro Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: Suja Thachapully D. , Divya K. V. L. , Naik Lakshma V. , Ravi Kumar A. , Kamal Ahmed
Published: July 2016

A series of aminonaphthoquinone—sulfonylamidine conjugates of type (IV) or (VII) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild TEMPO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles.
Authors: Fang Chaojie , Li Meichao , Hu Xinquan , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Sun Nan , Jin Liqun , Shen Zhenlu
Published: July 2016

Following an environmentally friendly, practical procedure a broad range of functionalized aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl aldehydes are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Bu4NI‐Catalyzed α‐Oxyacylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Toluene Derivatives.
Authors: Li Chengliang , Jin Tao , Zhang Xinglu , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian
Published: July 2016

A metal‐free protocol for oxyacylation of alkyl aryl ketones with simple toluene derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonyl Azides as Precursors in Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Sulfonyl Carbamates and Sulfonyl Ureas and Synthesis of Sulfonamides.
Authors: Chow Shiao Y. , Stevens Marc Y. , Odell Luke R.
Published: July 2016

CO for the formation of urea derivatives and carbamates is generated ex situ from Mo(CO)6 with DBU using a two‐chamber system.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Promoted Trifluoromethylthiolation of Styrenes by Dual Photoredox/Halide Catalysis.
Authors: Honeker Roman , Garza‐Sanchez R. Aleyda , Hopkinson Matthew N. , Glorius Frank
Published: July 2016

Symmetrical diarylalkenes such as (I), the unsymmetrical analogue (IVc) and a series of styrenes are subjected to conditions A) to produce pharmaceutically important vinyl‐S‐CF3 compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Direct Thiolation at α‐C(sp3)—H of Ethers with Disulfides Using Acridine Red as Photocatalyst.
Authors: Zhu Xianjin , Xie Xiaoyu , Li Pinhua , Guo Jianqi , Wang Lei
Published: July 2016

The method allows for the preparation of multiple 2‐(arylthio)ethers, including tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxane, and diethylether derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Malonic Acid Half Thioesters to Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acids Using N‐Heteroarenesulfonyl Cinchona Alkaloid Amides.
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Toda Ayaka , Sano Masahide , Hatanaka Tsubasa , Funahashi Yasuhiro
Published: July 2016

The highly enantioselective double‐decarboxylative title reaction is applicable to 3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid, but fails using α‐cyanoacetic acid or α,α‐dimethyl malonic acid half thioesters.
ChemInform Abstract: A New N—Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complex Immobilized on Nano Silica: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura C—C Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Pahlevanneshan Zari , Moghadam Majid , Mirkhani Valiollah , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mohammadpoor—Baltork Iraj , Loghmani‐Khouzani Hossein
Published: July 2016

The catalyst can be reused several times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Lewis Base‐Promoted Alkynylation of Electron‐Deficient Fluorobenzenes with Trimethylsilylacetylenes.
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Watanabe Satoru , Iyoda Tomokazu
Published: July 2016

Fluoroarylated alkynes are prepared by the regioselective alkynylation in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Zinc‐Catalyzed Desymmetric Intramolecular Aldolization: An Enantioselective Construction of Spiro[cyclohexanone‐oxindole] Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Fei , Yin Shao‐Jie , Zhao Min , Zhang Jun‐Qi , Li Hai‐Yan , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: July 2016

starting from oxindole‐derived diketones
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles to β‐Substituted Unsaturated Acyl Phosphonates.
Authors: Ma Hong‐Li , Xie Lei , Zhang ZhenHua , Li Jia‐Qi , Qin Zhao‐Hai , Fu Bin
Published: July 2016

The reaction has a broad substrate scope, tolerates various functional groups, and proceeds with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Catalyzed Amino‐Oxygenation of Styrenes: N‐Bu4NI Induced C—N Followed by a C—O Bond Formation Cascade for the Synthesis of Indolines.
Authors: Liang Sen , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Luo Xu‐Gang , Ren Fa‐zheng , Tian Hong‐Yu , Sun Bao‐Guo , Little R. Daniel
Published: July 2016

The intramolecular amino‐oxygenation of N‐(2‐vinylphenyl)sulfonamides under constant current in an undivided cell affords indolines without the use of external oxidants or bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Iodine‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfenylation of Indoles with Thiols.
Authors: Yi Shanli , Li Meichao , Mo Weimin , Hu Xinquan , Hu Baoxiang , Sun Nan , Jin Liqun , Shen Zhenlu
Published: July 2016

3‐Sulfenylindoles are prepared under metal‐free reaction conditions in good to excellent yields and with excellent functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Sulfenylation of 3‐Substituted‐2‐oxindoles.
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Nagata Kazuhiro , Sano Daisuke , Aoyama Osamu , Kanemitsu Takuya , Miyazaki Michiko , Odanaka Yuki , Machida Ayano
Published: July 2016

The asymmetric sulfenylation of oxindoles using a chiral phase‐transfer catalyst derived from Cinchona alkaloids affords a range of optically active 3‐sulfenyl‐2‐oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene or Magnetic Nanoparticles as Support in Enantioselective Organocatalysis? A Case Study in Friedel—Crafts Chemistry.
Authors: Ranjbar Sara , Riente Paola , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Yadav Jagjit , Ramineni Kishore , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: July 2016

The efficiency of the second‐generation MacMillan organocatalyst onto slightly cross‐linked polystyrene or iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles is evaluated in the enantioselective Friedel—Crafts alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Photocatalyzed Carbazole Synthesis via a Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Indole‐Derived Bromides and Alkynes.
Authors: Yuan Zhi‐Guang , Wang Qiang , Zheng Ang , Zhang Kai , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Tang Zilong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: July 2016

This unprecedented approach towards highly functionalized carbazoles is characterized by mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and high reaction efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound Assisted Pictet—Spengler Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Derivatives.
Authors: Muscia Gisela C. , De Maria Leonardo O. , Buldain Graciela Y. , Asis Silvia E.
Published: July 2016

The reaction proceeds also successfully even utilizing arylaldehydes with electron‐donating or electron‐attracting substituents which usually do not react under conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts‐Type C—H Coupling‐Allylic Amination Cascade to Synthesize 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , et al.
Published: July 2016

A series of propargylcarbonates tethered to meta‐aniline derivatives is subjected to reaction conditions which include a platinum catalyst to produce 3,4‐fused tricyclic 3‐alkylidene indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodivergent Reverse Prenylation of Indole and Tryptophan Derivatives: Total Synthesis of Amauromine, Novoamauromine, and epi‐Amauromine.
Authors: Mueller Jonas M. , Stark Christian B. W.
Published: July 2016

The stereoselectivity of the reaction is dictated by the combination of an achiral borane additive and one chiral phosphoramidite ligand and can be adjusted by changing the borane.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoindazoles with Selective Magnesiation at Position 3: A Route to Highly Functionalized Indazoles.
Authors: Lam Bao Vy , Berhault Yohann , Stiebing Silvia , Fossey Christine , Cailly Thomas , Collot Valerie , Fabis Frederic
Published: July 2016

The four iodinated indazole substrates (I) bearing the ‐Thp protecting group at N‐2, are subjected to magnesiation following conditions A) or D).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Catalytic Process for Click Synthesis Promoted by Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Supported on Graphene Oxide.
Authors: Reddy V. Hanuman , Reddy Y. V. Rami , Sridhar B. , Reddy B. V. Subba
Published: July 2016

The catalyst is recycled and reused in four additional catalytic cycles without loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuning the AIE Activities and Emission Wavelengths of Tetraphenylethene‐Containing Luminogens.
Authors: Zhou Jian , He Bairong , Xiang Jiayun , Chen Bin , Lin Gengwei , Luo Wenwen , Lou Xiaoding , Chen Shuming , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2016

The structure‐property correlation of the luminogens (I) and (II), optical properties, fluorescence lifetimes, electronic structures, electrochemical properties, and electroluminescence properties are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Vinylcyclopropane Ring Opening/Prins Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Swathi V. , Bhadra Manika Pal , Raju M. Kanaka , Kunwar A. C.
Published: July 2016

The title pyrans are prepared from aldehydes and cyclopropyl alkenol by a tandem vinylcyclopropane ring‐opening/Prins‐cyclization sequence using HBF4·Et2O as promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioassay of Dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]chromenediones.
Authors: Chereddy Syama Sundar , Nemallapudi Bakthavatchala Reddy , Balam Satheesh Krishna , Soora Harinath Jaya Prakash , Chinthaparthi Radha Rani , Cirandur Suresh Reddy
Published: July 2016

A green and highly efficient methodology for the formation of the title compounds (IV) by one‐pot condensation of kojic acid, various aromatic aldehydes, and a cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound under microwave irradiation and solvent‐free conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fluorescence Studies of Benzothiazole and 4,5‐Diarylimidazole Substituted 2H‐1‐Benzo/Naphthopyran‐2‐one
Authors: Patil J. B. , Kenny R. S. , Chindarkar N. R. , Mashelkar U. C.
Published: July 2016

The emission spectra of compounds (III) show fluorescence ranging from λmax 425 nm to 500 nm and coumarins (V) exhibit fluorescence in the range of λmax 400 nm to 450 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: Trading N and O. Part 3. Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines from α‐Hydroxy‐β‐amino Esters.
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Frost Aileen B. , Kennedy Matthew S. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of the enantiopure tetrahydroisoquinolines is achieved by a short sequence consisting of aminohydroxylation of cinnamates (I) with a chiral bis‐benzylic amine (II) followed by activation of the α‐hydroxy group of products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indeno[1,2‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones and Their Fluorescence in Solid State.
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Yokota Kenichirou , Fukuda Ai , Nishimura Yasuhisa , Satodani Ryousuke , Wang Bo‐Cheng , Wei Ho‐Hsiang , Wang San‐Lang , Shigemitsu Yasuhiro , Tominaga Yoshinori
Published: July 2016

The new pyrimidine derivatives (III), (VIIIa‐c), (IX) and (XI) show strong fluorescence in their solid state.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Between Quinazoline 3‐Oxides and Unactivated Aldehydes: An Efficient Approach to Functionalized Quinazolines.
Authors: Fan Liwen , Wang Tao , Tian Ying , Xiong Fei , Wu Simei , Liang Qingjin , Zhao Junfeng
Published: July 2016

The Cu(OAc)2‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of quinazoline 3‐oxides with aliphatic and aryl aldehydes proceeds via Baeyer—Villiger oxidation of intermediate ketones and intramolecular acyl transfer leading to cyclic hydroxamic esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Direct Olefination of 6‐Arylpurines with Vinyl Carboxylic Acids Directed by the Purinyl N1 Atom.
Authors: Xu Conghui , Zhang Lingjuan , Xu Jianbin , Pan Yixiao , Li Faju , Li Huanrong , Xu Lijin
Published: July 2016

A general method for the direct ortho‐olefination of 6‐arylpurines (I) and (VIII) with carboxylic acids (II), (IV), and (VI) in the presence of a Rh‐catalyst and pivalic anhydride as an additive is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[1,3]oxazines via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Nitriles, Aldehydes and Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Sheng Jinyu , Su Xiang , Cao Chengyao , Chen Chao
Published: July 2016

A copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of diaryliodonium salt (I) with aromatic aldehydes and aryl nitriles leads to a variety of diaryl benzoxazines in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: AuCu and AgCu Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Guanidine‐Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Catalysts in the Reduction of Nitroarenes: Tandem Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,4]diazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Hezarkhani Zeinab , Nejad Mina Keramati
Published: July 2016

AuCu and AgCu bimetallic nanoparticles supported on guanidine‐grafted reduced graphene oxide nanosheets are synthesized and utilized as catalysts in the reduction of nitroarenes and the tandem synthesis of the title diazepine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of Benzodiazonines from C‐2 Arylated 1,3‐Indanediones.
Authors: Das Suven , Dutta Arpita
Published: July 2016

A range of benzodiazonines is simply prepared in one‐pot from phenolic adducts of ninhydrin by base‐catalyzed rearrangement and subsequent condensation of 1,3‐propanediamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aroylbenzo[b]oxepin‐3‐ones from ortho‐O‐Propargyl‐1‐one Substituted Arylaldehydes.
Authors: Mangina N. S. V. M. Rao , Suresh Surisetti , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Karunakar Galla V.
Published: July 2016

The reaction is proposed to proceed via aldehyde‐assisted, gold‐catalyzed oxidation/auration of the alkyne moiety, protodeauration of the organo‐gold intermediate and cyclocondensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofuro[3,2‐b]indoline Amines via Deamination‐Interrupted Fischer Indolization and Their Unexpected Reactivity Towards Nucleophiles.
Authors: Tomakinian Terry , Guillot Regis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume
Published: July 2016

The interrupted Fischer indolization of hydrazines with benzofuranones gives rise to benzofuro[3,2‐b]indoline amines, which react with allyltrimethylsilane to afford unexpected difluoroboranes with fluorescent properties.
ChemInform Abstract: PS‐BEMP as a Basic Catalyst for the Phospha‐Michael Addition to Electron‐Poor Alkenes.
Authors: Strappaveccia Giacomo , Bianchi Luca , Ziarelli Simone , Santoro Stefano , Lanari Daniela , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: July 2016

The utilization of a supported base to catalyze the phospha‐Michael addition to α,β‐unsaturated ketones is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quaternary Aryl Phosphonium Salts: Photoredox‐Mediated Phosphine Arylation.
Authors: Fearnley A. F. , An J. , Jackson M. , Lindovska P. , Denton R. M.
Published: July 2016

This regiospecific protocol involves the reaction of phosphines with aryl radicals generated from diaryliodonium salts under photoredox catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: New 1,3,4‐Oxadiazinoisoquinoline Methine Cyanine Dyes: Synthesis, Photosensitivity and Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Eissa Fayez M. , Abdelghany A. R.
Published: July 2016

Novel heterocyclic ring systems bearing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazinoisoquinoline moiety are synthesized and utilized as precursor for the preparation of the title dyes.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Influence of Side‐Chain Conformation on Glycosylation Selectivity Using Conformationally Restricted Donors.
Authors: Dharuman Suresh , Crich David
Published: July 2016

Mannopyranosyl thioglycosides such as (I), where the C6‐O6 bond adopts a gauche/gauche, gauche/trans or trans/gauche conformation, are prepared and investigated in the glycosylation with alcohol acceptors (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Glycosylation.
Authors: Thombal Raju S. , Jadhav Vrushali H.
Published: July 2016

The heterogeneous catalyst is used in a solvent‐free green protocol for the glycosylation of tetra‐O‐acetylglycosyltrichloroacetimidate yielding β‐glycosylated products in high yields and selectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Cinnamoyl Glycosides as a New Class of anti‐Filarial Agents.
Authors: Roy Priya , Dhara Debashis , Parida Pravat Kumar , Kar Rajiv Kumar , Bhunia Anirban , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Babu Santi P. , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: July 2016

A series of C‐cinnamoyl glycosides are synthesized by the BF3·OEt2‐catalyzed aldol condensation of aromatic aldehydes with glycosylated acetones.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isosteroidal Alkaloids with Tracheal Relaxant Effect from the Bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk.
Authors: Li Yan , Yili Abulimiti , Li Jun , Muhamat Aziz , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: July 2016

Four new isosteroidal alkaloids, yibeinone A (I), yibeinone B (II), yibeinones C (III), and yibeinone D (IV) are isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora together with four known ones.
ChemInform Abstract: New Iboga‐Type Alkaloids from Ervatamia hainanensis.
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Wen , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Xiao Han‐Lin , Liu Guo , Zhang Jian , Shi Lei , Jiang Ren‐Wang , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Ye Wen‐Cai
Published: July 2016

Seven new iboga‐type alkaloids are isolated together with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Development of Complexes That Contain a Group 13 Element Chalcogen Multiple Bond.
Authors: Franz Daniel , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: July 2016

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination and Redox Non‐Innocent Behavior of Hybrid Ligands Containing Tellurium
Authors: Jones J. Stuart , Gabbai Francois P.
Published: July 2016

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Aza‐Pinacol and Aza‐Semipinacol Rearrangements for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Li Guang , Zu Liansuo
Published: July 2016

Review: [8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Energetic Salts Based on Tetrazole N‐Oxide
Authors: He Piao , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Yin Xin , Wu Jin‐Ting , Wu Le , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Zhang Tong‐Lai
Published: July 2016

Review: recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetrazole N‐oxide; 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalytic Approaches in C—H Activation Reactions
Authors: Santoro Stefano , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Ackermann Lutz , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: July 2016

Review: [87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Taming FOX‐7 (1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene)
Authors: Gao Haixiang , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: July 2016

Review: main advances in the reactions of FOX‐7 over recent years, including condensation, halogenation, nitration, acid‐base reactions and coordination reactions; 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trihaloethenes as Versatile Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Grossmann Adriana S. , Magauer Thomas
Published: July 2016

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Synthetic Methods for Benzo[b]heteroles
Authors: Wu Bin , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: July 2016

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Interactions of Aromatic Units for Folding and Assembly in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Ikkanda B. A. , Iverson B. L.
Published: July 2016

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions Based on Combinatorial Bond Transformations in Electron‐Deficient Tertiary Enamines
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Gao Yong
Published: July 2016

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From QCA (Quantum Cellular Automata) to Organocatalytic Reactions with Stabilized Carbenium Ions
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Manoni Elisabetta , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: July 2016

Review: [119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Mechanisms of CO2 and CO Methanation
Authors: Miao Bin , Ma Su Su Khine , Wang Xin , Su Haibin , Chan Siew Hwa
Published: July 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computation and Experiment: A Powerful Combination to Understand and Predict Reactivities
Authors: Sperger Theresa , Sanhueza Italo A. , Schoenebeck Franziska
Published: July 2016

Review: 49 refs.
Surgical tissue handling methods to optimize ex vivo fluorescence with the activatable optical probe γ‐glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green
Authors: Harada Toshiko , Nakamura Yuko , Sato Kazuhide , Nagaya Tadanobu , Choyke Peter L. , Seto Yasuyuki , Kobayashi Hisataka
Published: July 2016

Optical fluorescence imaging has been developed as an aid to intraoperative diagnosis to improve surgical and endoscopic procedures. Compared with other intraoperative imaging methods, it is lower in cost, has a high safety margin, is portable and easy to use. γ‐glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu‐HMRG) is a recently developed activatable fluorescence probe that emits strong fluorescence in the presence of the enzyme γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), which is overexpressed in many cancers, including ovarian cancer. Ex vivo testing is important for clinical approval of such probes. The diagnostic performance of gGlu‐HMRG in fresh excised surgical specimens has been reported; however, details of tissue handling have not been optimized. In this study, we investigated four different tissue handling procedures to optimize imaging in excised tumor specimens. The fluorescence intensity time courses after the different tissue handling methods were compared. Additionally, the fluorescence positive areas were correlated with the presence of red fluorescent protein (RFP) in an RFP positive cell line as the standard of reference for cancer location. In the ‘intact’ groups, tumors yielded quick and homogeneous activation of gGlu‐HMRG. In the ‘rinse’ and ‘cut’ groups, the fluorescence intensity of the tumor was a little lower than that in the intact group. In the ‘pressed’ groups, however, fluorescence intensity from gGlu‐HMRG was lower over the entire time course, suggesting a decrease or relocation of excreted GGT. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the method of tissue handling prior to ex vivo imaging with the activatable probe gGlu‐HMRG has a strong influence on the signal derived from the specimen. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term trajectories of self‐reported cognitive function in a cohort of older survivors of breast cancer: CALGB 369901 (Alliance)
Authors: Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Clapp Jonathan D. , Luta Gheorghe , Faul Leigh Anne , Tallarico Michelle D. , McClendon Trina D. , Whitley Jessica A. , Cai Ling , Ahles Tim A. , Stern Robert A. , Jacobsen Paul B. , Small Brent J. , Pitcher Brandelyn N. , Dura‐Fernandis Estrella , Muss Hyman B. , Hurria Arti , Cohen Harvey J. , Isaacs Claudine
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

The number of survivors of breast cancer aged ≥65 years (“older”) is growing, but to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the cognitive outcomes of these individuals.

METHODS

A cohort of cognitively intact older survivors with nonmetastatic, invasive breast cancer was recruited from 78 sites from 2004 through 2011; approximately 83.7% of the survivors (1280 survivors) completed baseline assessments. Follow‐up data were collected at 6 months and annually for up to 7 years (median, 4.1 years). Cognitive function was self‐reported using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30); scores ranged from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better function. Group‐based trajectory modeling determined trajectories; women were assigned to a trajectory group based on the highest predicted probability of membership. Multinomial logistic regression evaluated the association between receipt of chemotherapy (with or without hormonal treatment) and trajectory group.

RESULTS

Survivors were aged 65 to 91 years; approximately 41% received chemotherapy. There were 3 cognitive trajectories: “maintained high” (42.3% of survivors); “phase shift” (50.1% of survivors), with scores slightly below but parallel to maintained high; and “accelerated decline” (7.6% of survivors), with the lowest baseline scores and greatest decline (from 71.7 [standard deviation, 19.8] to 58.3 [standard deviation, 21.9]). The adjusted odds of being in the accelerated decline group (vs the maintained high group) were 2.1 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.3‐3.5) for survivors who received chemotherapy (with or without hormonal therapy) versus those treated with hormonal therapy alone. Greater comorbidity and frailty also were found to be associated with accelerated decline.

CONCLUSIONS

Trajectory group analysis demonstrated that the majority of older survivors maintained good long‐term self‐reported cognitive function, and that only a small subset who were exposed to chemotherapy manifested accelerated cognitive decline. Future research is needed to determine factors that place some older survivors at risk of experiencing cognitive decline. Cancer 2016;122:3555–3563. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Heterogeneity of astrocyte and NG2 cell insertion at the node of ranvier
Authors: Serwanski David R. , Jukkola Peter , Nishiyama Akiko
Published: July 2016

The node of Ranvier is a functionally important site on the myelinated axon where sodium channels are clustered and regeneration of action potentials occurs, allowing fast saltatory conduction of action potentials. Early ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of “glia” or “astrocytes” at the nodes. NG2 cells, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells or polydendrocytes, which are a resident glial cell population in the mature mammalian central nervous system that is distinct from astrocytes, have also been shown to extend processes that contact the nodes. However, the prevalence of the two types of glia at the node has remained unknown. We have used specific cell surface markers to examine the association of NG2 cells and astrocytes with the nodes of Ranvier in the optic nerve, corpus callosum, and spinal cord of young adult mice or rats. We show that more than 95% of the nodes in all three regions contained astrocyte processes, while 33–49% of nodes contained NG2 cell processes. NG2 cell processes were associated more frequently with larger nodes. A few nodes were devoid of glial apposition. Electron microscopy and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super‐resolution microscopy confirmed the presence of dual glial insertion at some nodes and further revealed that NG2 cell processes contacted the nodal membrane at discrete points, while astrocytes had broader processes that surrounded the nodes. The study provides the first systematic quantitative analysis of glial cell insertions at central nodes of Ranvier. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:535–552, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic Criteria for the Characterization of Electrode Reactions with Chemically Coupled Reactions Preceding the Electron Transfer by Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Helfrick John C. , Mann Megan A. , Bottomley Lawrence A.
Published: July 2016

Theory for cyclic square wave voltammetry of electrode reactions with chemical reactions preceding the electron transfer is presented. Theoretical voltammograms were calculated following systematic variation of empirical parameters to assess their impact on the shape of the voltammogram. From the trends obtained, diagnostic criteria for this mechanism were deduced. When properly applied, these criteria will enable non‐experts in voltammetry to assign the electrode reaction mechanism and accurately measure reaction kinetics.
Membrane‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions of Cholesterol Side‐Chain Cleavage Cytochrome P450 with its Associated Electron Transport Proteins
Authors: Kubeil Clemens , Yeung Joyee Chun In , Tuckey Robert C. , Rodgers Raymond J. , Martin Lisandra L.
Published: July 2016

Cytochrome P450scc (P450scc or CYP11A1) catalyses the first enzymatic step of steroid biosynthesis, the cleavage of the side chain of cholesterol to produce pregnenolone in the mitochondrion. The activity of P450scc is dependent upon electron delivery from NADPH‐dependent adrenodoxin reductase (AdR), via adrenodoxin (Adx), to the P450scc. However, despite the structural and kinetic data that supports the mechanism by which Adx shuttles electrons one at a time between AdR and the P450scc, there are limited data available on the influence of the lipid membrane on these essential interactions. In this paper, the protein–membrane interactions between P450scc and its redox partners were examined on 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DMPC) membranes containing cholesterol (20 %), using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. P450scc showed strong binding to these membranes, whereas AdR and Adx both showed weaker association. If pre‐mixed, all three proteins bound independently to the membrane layer in a distinctive two‐stage process, as observed by frequency changes upon binding. Concomitant changes in the dissipation revealed specific protein–protein interaction occurs upon reaching a critical concentration of proteins in the membrane layer. These changes were specific for the binding of the three pre‐mixed proteins and were not observed for a binary mixture of P450 and Adx, or sequential binding of the three proteins. A simple model was developed for the binding of all three proteins in a 1:1:1 mixture to the membrane and reproduces the experimental data describing the interaction of P450scc with the other proteins (AdR and Adx) after initial binding of the individual proteins. Thus, we conclude that the lipid membrane assists in the assembly of electron transport proteins and the activity of P450scc by providing a surface for the localised concentration of proteins, enabling them to act together as a metabolon.
Metabolomic and Genome‐wide Association Studies Reveal Potential Endogenous Biomarkers for OATP1B1
Authors: Yee SW , Giacomini MM , Hsueh C‐H , Weitz D , Liang X , Goswami S , Kinchen JM , Coelho A , Zur AA , Mertsch K , Brian W , Kroetz DL , Giacomini KM
Published: July 2016

Transporter‐mediated drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are a major cause of drug toxicities. Using published genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of the human metabolome, we identified 20 metabolites associated with genetic variants in organic anion transporter, OATP1B1 (P < 5 × 10−8). Of these, 12 metabolites were significantly higher in plasma samples from volunteers dosed with the OATP1B1 inhibitor, cyclosporine (CSA) vs. placebo (q‐value < 0.2). Conjugated bile acids and fatty acid dicarboxylates were among the metabolites discovered using both GWAS and CSA administration. In vitro studies confirmed tetradecanedioate (TDA) and hexadecanedioate (HDA) were novel substrates of OATP1B1 as well as OAT1 and OAT3. This study highlights the use of multiple datasets for the discovery of endogenous metabolites that represent potential in vivo biomarkers for transporter‐mediated DDIs. Future studies are needed to determine whether these metabolites can serve as qualified biomarkers for organic anion transporters. Quantitative relationships between metabolite levels and modulation of transporters should be established.
Transporters as Drug Targets in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Qosa H , Mohamed LA , Alqahtani S , Abuasal BS , Hill RA , Kaddoumi A
Published: July 2016

Membrane transport proteins have central physiological function in maintaining cerebral homeostasis. These transporters are expressed in almost all cerebral cells in which they regulate the movement of a wide range of solutes, including endogenous substrates, xenobiotic, and therapeutic drugs. Altered activity/expression of central nervous system (CNS) transporters has been implicated in the onset and progression of multiple neurological diseases. Neurological diseases are heterogeneous diseases that involve complex pathological alterations with only a few treatment options; therefore, there is a great need for the development of novel therapeutic treatments. To that end, transporters have emerged recently to be promising therapeutic targets to halt or slow the course of neurological diseases. The objective of this review is to discuss implications of transporters in neurological diseases and summarize available evidence for targeting transporters as decent therapeutic approach in the treatment of neurological diseases.
Harmonic fold back reduction at the N‐path filters
Authors: Hemati Akbar , Jannesari Abumoslem
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce harmonic fold back (HFB) problem of N‐path filters, without increasing the input reference clock (fCLK) frequency. The HFB at the N‐path filter is analyzed, and simple expressions are extracted to model this problem. Using the results of the analysis, an M‐of‐N‐path filter has been proposed that behaves like an M × N‐path filter in terms of HFB problem; however, the fCLK frequency of this structure is the same as an N‐path filter. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed idea, a 3‐of‐4‐path filter is designed, and its characteristics are compared with 4‐path and 12‐path filters by simulation. Impacts of different non‐idealities like clock‐phase error, mismatch, and parasitic capacitance are investigated. The transistor‐level implementation of this filter is performed in 0.18 µm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The simulation results show that the filter has the pass‐band gain of 17 dB, tuning range of 0.2–1.2 GHz, −3 dB bandwidth of 25 MHz, quality factor of 8–48, 18 dB out‐of‐band rejection, 16 dB rejection of the third harmonic of switching frequency (fs), and the noise figure of 4.35 dB (using ideal Gm cells) and 6.95 dB (for practical Gm cells). The strongest harmonic folding to the filter pass‐band occurs around 11fs with the attenuation of 23.8 dB. Each Gm cell draws about 12.4 mA from 1.8 V supply, and the out‐of‐band IIP3 and P1 dB,CP are 17 and 4 dBm, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Walk softly and don't carry a stick
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: July 2016

Recently one of our department chairs sent me an email that said, “You are a good leader/supervisor/administrator because you don't use strong‐arm tactics or chew people out in public; you talk to them respectfully, and, if need be, you can be more assertive in private, which is the way it should be. In fact, I think it would be a good topic to write about in your next Dean and Provost article.” And so I decided, why not? It sounded like a pretty great topic to me.
Practice change‐savvy leadership to guide your institution into the future
Authors: Fullan Michael , Scott Geoff
Published: July 2016

We will need leaders at all levels of the university who can engage in combining analytical and emotional knowledge in the service of morally robust reform.
Antibiotic use and resistance in animals: Belgian initiatives
Authors: Daeseleire Els , De Graef Evelyne , Rasschaert Geertrui , De Mulder Thijs , Van den Meersche Tina , Van Coillie Els , Dewulf Jeroen , Heyndrickx Marc
Published: July 2016

The widespread use of antibiotics in animals is causing concerns about the growing risk for development and the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Antibiotic consumption is higher in animals than in humans as reported in a joint publication of EFSA (European Food Safety Agency), ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) using data from 2011 and 2012. Both in humans and animals, positive associations between the consumption of antibiotics and resistant bacteria are observed. Responsible use of antibiotics in humans and animals should therefore be promoted. In this paper some general aspects of antibiotic resistance such as microbiological versus clinical resistance, intrinsic versus acquired resistance, resistance mechanisms, and transfer of resistance are briefly introduced. In 2012, the Belgian Center of Expertise on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Animals (AMCRA) was founded. Its mission is to collect and analyze all data related to antibiotic use and resistance in animals in Belgium and to communicate these findings in a neutral and objective manner. One of AMCRA's 10 objectives is a 50% reduction in antibiotic consumption in veterinary medicine in Belgium by 2020. The aim of this paper is to report on the achievements of this national project. The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO, Merelbeke‐Melle), in collaboration with Ghent University, is currently working on three nationally funded projects on antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry. In the first project, an in vitro model is used to study the influence of low antibiotic concentrations due to carry‐over after production and usage of medicated feed on the development of resistance in the pig gut. Part of that project is to develop a quantitative risk assessment model. A second project focuses on tracking excreted antibiotics used in pig rearing and their influence on the development of antibiotic resistance in pig manure and the environment. In the last project, the relation between the use of biocides in animal husbandry and antibiotic resistance development are being studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective management tools for participants at Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs meetings
Authors: Kay Jack F.
Published: July 2016

The Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food (CCRVDF) fulfils a number of functions revolving around standard setting. The core activities of the CCRVDF include agreeing priorities for assessing veterinary drug residues, recommending maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs in foods of animal origin, considering methods of sampling and analyses, and developing codes of practice. Draft standards are developed and progress through an agreed series of steps common to all Codex Alimentarius Commission Committees. Meetings of the CCRVDF are held at approximately 18‐month intervals. To ensure effective progress is made with meetings at this frequency, the CCRVDF makes use of a number of management tools. These include circular letters to interested parties, physical and electronic drafting groups between plenary sessions, meetings of interested parties immediately prior to sessions, as well as break out groups within sessions and detailed discussions within the CCRVDF plenary sessions. A range of these approaches is required to assist advances within the standards setting process and can be applied to other Codex areas and international standard setting more generally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouldy feed: A possible explanation for the excretion of anabolic‐androgenic steroids in horses
Authors: Decloedt A.I. , Bailly‐Chouriberry L. , Vanden Bussche J. , Garcia P. , Popot M.‐A. , Bonnaire Y. , Vanhaecke L.
Published: July 2016

To ensure fair competition and to protect the horse's welfare, horses have to compete on their own merits, without any unfair advantage that might follow the use of drugs. Therefore, regulatory authorities list all substances that are not allowed in competition, including most anabolic‐androgenic steroids. As zero‐tolerance is retained, the question arose whether the consumption of mouldy feed could lead to the excretion of steroids, due to the biotransformation of plant phytosterols to steroids. A rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) analytical method, previously validated according to AORC (Association of Official Racing Chemists) and EC (European Commission) guidelines, was used to measure steroids in different sample types. Multiple mouldy feed samples were tested for the presence of steroids. The effect of digestion was tested by in vitro simulation of the horse's hindgut in batch incubations. In most feed samples no steroids were detected, even when the products were mouldy. Mouldy corn however showed to contain up to 3.0 ± 0.4 µg/kg AED (4‐androstenedione), the main testosterone precursor. This concentration increased when mouldy corn (with added phytosterols) was digested in vitro. An herbal phytosupplement also showed to contain α‐testosterone. These results demonstrate that it is important to caution against the consumption of any feed or (herbal) supplement of which the detailed ingredients and quantitative analysis are unknown. The consumption of mouldy corn should especially be avoided, not only from a horse health and welfare point of view, but also to avoid possible inadvertent positive doping results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of nandrolone and ractopamine in the urine of veal calves: liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Chiesa L. , Panseri S. , Cannizzo F.T. , Biolatti B. , Divari S. , Benevelli R. , Arioli F. , Pavlovic R.
Published: July 2016

Under European legislation, the use of growth promoters is forbidden in food‐producing livestock. The application of unofficial protocols with diverse combinations of veterinary drugs, administered in very low concentrations, hinders reliable detection and subsequent operative prevention. It was observed that nandrolone (anabolic steroid) and ractopamine (β‐adrenergic agonist) are occasionally administered to animals, but little is known about their synergic action when they are administered together. Two specific analytical methods based on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry have been developed, both of which include hydrolysis of the corresponding conjugates. For the nandrolone method, solid‐phase extraction was necessary for the complete elimination of the interferences, while employment of the Quantitation Enhanced Data‐Dependent scan mode during MS acquisition of ractopamine enabled the utilization of simple liquid‐liquid extraction. The nandrolone method was linear in the range of 0.5–25 ng/mL, while the ractopamine calibration curve was constructed from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL. The corresponding coefficients of correlations were >0.9907. The lower limit of quantification for both methods was 0.5 ng/mL, followed by overall recoveries >81%. Precisions expressed as relative standard deviations were <17%, while matrix effects were minimal. Urine samples taken at the slaughterhouse from veal calves enrolled in an experimental treatment consisting of intramuscular administration of β‐nandrolone‐phenylpropionate accompanied with a ractopamine‐enriched diet were analysed. Those methods might be useful for studying the elimination patterns of the administered compounds along with characterization of the main metabolic pathways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.