bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of palladium(II)-mediated C–H cleavage with mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands: origins of rate acceleration
Authors: Engle Keary M.
Published: January 2016

It has long been known that transition metals are capable of interacting with, cleaving, and mediating the functionalization of activated and unactivated carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds. Broadly speaking, a basic underlying principle in the fields of inorganic and organometallic chemistry is that the primary and secondary coordination spheres around a metal affect its reactivity and selectivity in elementary reactions. Hence, ligand design in transition metal catalysis has been a captivating area of research for over half a century. The discovery and development of novel ligands to promote and control otherwise recalcitrant C–H functionalization reactions is now at the forefront of organic and organometallic chemistry. Central to this line of inquiry is the interplay between ligand, substrate, metal, and reaction mechanism. This Review highlights the mechanistic details of palladium(II)-mediated C–H cleavage with mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands. Relevant historical background is discussed, the key discoveries in catalysis with MPAAs are examined, experimental and computational studies to elucidate reaction mechanisms are presented, and possible future directions are described.
Preclinical dosimetric estimation of [111In] 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra phenyl porphyrin complex as a possible imaging/PDT agent
Authors: Fazaeli Yousef , Shanehsazzadeh Saeed , Lahooti Afsaneh , Feizi Shahzad , Jalilian Amirreza
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Recent studies show that porphyrin derivatives have interesting pharmacological and photodynamic properties and
wide range of usage in photodynamic therapy treatment. This study describes the preparation, biodistribution and absorbed dose
prediction of [111In] labeled 5, 10, 15, 20-tetra phenyl porphyrin (TPP) in human organs, based on rats' biodistribution
data. Methods: Five rats were sacrificed at each exact time intervals (2, 4 and 24 h post injection) and the
percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was measured by direct counting from rats data from 12 harvested organs. The Medical
Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formulation was applied to extrapolate from rats to human and to project the absorbed radiation dose for
various organs in humans. Results: From rat data we estimated that injection of [111In] TPP into the humans would
result in an estimated effective absorbed dose of 0.09 mSv/MBq in the whole body. While the highest effective absorbed dose
for 111In-TPP was in the heart wall (0.22 mSv), the organs that received the next highest doses were the Kidneys
(0.06 mSv), thymus (0.04 mSv) and lungs (0.03 mSv). Conclusions: The skin dose will four
times higher compare to the other 111In compounds, which was due to magnificent skin uptakes. According to the fast
wash-out, tumor avidity and the short half-life, [111In] can be a suitable candidate for labeling of photo dynamic therapy
(PDT) agents as a tracer for accurate biological evaluation of other PDT agents such as Photofrin and its homologs.
Removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu from liquid radioactive waste using Dowex HCR-S/S
Authors: Hamed Mostafa Mohamed , Holiel Mohamed , Ismail Zeinab Hasanien
Published: January 2016

Radionuclides should be separated from the waste streams before their discharge due to their undesired effects on human physiology and
ecological systems. In this work, the feasibility of using Dowex-HCR-S/S(HCR), a strong acid cation-exchange resin as sorbent for
134Cs and 152+154Eu ions removal was examined. Sorption experimental data were analyzed by kinetic and isotherm
models. The distribution coefficients of 134Cs and 152+154Eu were studied as a function of pH;
3525.6 mL/g and 393.1 mL/g were obtained in case of 152+154Eu and 134Cs at pH 4.1,
respectively. Four isotherm models; Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich, were used to fit the sorption equilibrium
data. The results indicated that the sorption of both 134Cs and 152+154Eu onto HCR resin is highly fit with the
pseudo-second order model. The sorption kinetic for 134Cs and 152+154Eu onto polymeric resin takes 90 and
120 min to reach equilibrium which is considered as a fast kinetic process. The results of sorption experiments indicate
that the maximum sorption capacity of 134Cs and 152+154Eu are 102.84 and 161.93 mg/g. The amount
of radionuclides removed increased with increasing temperature, which indicates the endothermic nature of the sorption process. The
negative values of ΔG
○ indicated the spontaneity of the sorption process. The proposed procedure has been successfully
applied for the removal of 134Cs, 152+154Eu and other radionuclides from real liquid radioactive waste. The
present study concludes that the commercial HCR resin used under these conditions, has a considerable potential as an effective sorbent
for the removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu from real radioactive wastewater. It can therefore have a place in the
treatment of cationic radionuclides from radioactive wastewater since it is of a low-cost and commercially available adsorbent.
Experimental determination of proton induced reaction cross sections on natNi near threshold energy
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Chakraborty Animesh Kumer , Spellerberg Stefan , Shariff Md. Asad , Das Sopan , Rashid Md. Abdur , Spahn Ingo , Qaim Syed M.
Published: January 2016

A newly developed facility at the 3 MV Tandem Accelerator at Dhaka for
measurement of proton induced reaction cross sections in the energy region below
5 MeV is outlined and tests for the beam characterization are described. The
results were validated by comparison with the well-known excitation function of the
64Ni(p, n)64Cu reaction. Excitation functions of the reactions

nat
Ni(p, x)60,61Cu,
nat
Ni(p, x)55,57,58m+g
Co and

nat
Ni(p, x)57Ni were also measured from threshold to 16 MeV using
the stacked-foil technique, whereby irradiations were performed with 5 MeV
protons available at the Tandem Accelerator and 16.7 MeV protons at the BC 1710
cyclotron at Jülich, Germany. The radioactivity was measured using HPGe γ-ray
detectors. A few results are new, the others strengthen the database. In particular, the
results of the reaction
nat
Ni(p, x)61Cu below 3 MeV could serve as
beam monitor.
Die Kluft zwischen eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese
Authors: Mayr Beate , Elhardt Eva , Riedner Carola , Roser Traugott , Frick sj Eckhard , Paal Piret
Published: January 2016

Diese Studie behandelt praktische Probleme der spirituellen Anamnese im klinischen Umfeld. Nach einer 180-minütigen Schulung wurden die Teilnehmer eingeladen, spirituelle Anamnesen zu erheben und mit Hilfe von zwei zu diesem Zweck erstellten Fragebögen aus Sicht des Befragers und des Befragten zu bewerten. 56 spirituelle Anamnesen wurden durchgeführt. Die Einschätzung der beiden Gruppen zeigte eine statistisch hochsignifikante Übereinstimmung. Die Befrager äußerten (M = 3,4) eine größere Belastung als die Befragten (M = 1,9). Als Belastungsfaktoren wurden eigene Unsicherheit, ablehnende Haltung von Patienten und wenig unterstützende äußere Bedingungen identifiziert. Die Studie machte eine Kluft zwischen den eingeschätzten und tatsächlichen Fähigkeiten bei der Erhebung der spirituellen Anamnese deutlich.
Bistable Bright Optical Spatial Solitons due to Charge Drift and Diffusion of Various Orders in Photovoltaic Photorefractive Media Under Closed-Circuit Conditions
Authors: Shwetanshumala S.
Published: January 2016

Evolution of bright optical spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic photorefractive (PVPR) medium is investigated in the present work. The space-charge field developed in the medium is comprised of local and nonlocal parts. Lowest order charge drift results in the buildup of the local space-charge field, whereas higher order drift and charge diffusion are responsible for nonlocal field development. The dynamical equation for solitons in the closed circuit PVPR medium is obtained under Akhmanov’s paraxial ray approximation. Conditions for stationary propagation are obtained, and the path of soliton in the medium is examined. The asymmetry in the nonlinear refractive index introduced by nonlocal contribution to the space-charge field causes a soliton to deflect from its straight line path in the medium. The roles of charge diffusion and higher order drift on soliton trajectory are examined.
Inducible chromatin priming is associated with the establishment of immunological memory in T cells
Authors: Bevington Sarah L , Cauchy Pierre , Piper Jason , Bertrand Elisabeth , Lalli Naveen , Jarvis Rebecca C , Gilding Liam Niall , Ott Sascha , Bonifer Constanze , Cockerill Peter N
Published: January 2016

Immunological memory is a defining feature of vertebrate physiology, allowing rapid responses to repeat infections. However, the molecular mechanisms required for its establishment and maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the first steps in the acquisition of T‐cell memory occurred during the initial activation phase of naïve T cells by an antigenic stimulus. This event initiated extensive chromatin remodeling that reprogrammed immune response genes toward a stably maintained primed state, prior to terminal differentiation. Activation induced the transcription factors NFAT and AP‐1 which created thousands of new DNase I‐hypersensitive sites (DHSs), enabling ETS‐1 and RUNX1 recruitment to previously inaccessible sites. Significantly, these DHSs remained stable long after activation ceased, were preserved following replication, and were maintained in memory‐phenotype cells. We show that primed DHSs maintain regions of active chromatin in the vicinity of inducible genes and enhancers that regulate immune responses. We suggest that this priming mechanism may contribute to immunological memory in T cells by facilitating the induction of nearby inducible regulatory elements in previously activated T cells.
Glucocorticoid receptors in lung cancer: new perspectives
Authors: Taylor Kerryn M , Ray David W , Sommer Paula
Published: January 2016

Proper expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an essential role in the development of the lung. GR expression and signalling in the lung is manipulated by administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (Gcs) for the treatment of neonatal, childhood and adult lung diseases. In lung cancers, Gcs are also commonly used as co-treatment during chemotherapy. This review summarises the effect of Gc monotherapy and co-therapy on lung cancersin vitro, in mouse models of lung cancer, in xenograft,ex vivoandin vivo. The disparity between the effects of pre-clinical andin vivoGc therapy is commented on in light of the recent discovery ofGRas a novel tumour suppressor gene.
Hacia La Inclusión De Lo Ambiental Dentro Del Concepto De Sostenibilidad Democrática Propuesto En El Informe Nuestra Democracia De La OEA Y El PNUD
Authors: Arango Restrepo Alvaro Jose , Romero Correa Juan Pablo
Published: January 2016

El concepto de sostenibilidad democrática está propuesto en "nuestra democracia" informe presentado en el mes de octubre de 2010 por la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y el programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD). El entendimiento de este concepto debe propender no sólo a la búsqueda de la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas, la integración social y el disfrute efectivo de los derechos civiles y políticos de la ciudadanía latinoamericana en general, sino que tambien debe garantízar la promoción, respeto, defensa y goce del medio ambiente y humano. Así, desde una nueva perspectiva de desarrollo sustentable se busca que todos los ciudadanos de esta parte del continente tangan estándares mínimos de bienestar social, los cuales deben ser comprendidos en términos de conservación futura y del propio medio natural, más que en términos económicos y comerciales.
Tendencias contemporáneas en la teoría general de la prueba
Authors: Avila Rodrigo Vargas
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo busca divulgar tendencias contemporáneas del pensamiento filosófico en torno a una nueva teoría general de la prueba que parte de enfoques epistemológicos. De la misma manera pretende poner de relieve la importancia de los hechos y su conocimiento en el proceso judicial, en términos de verdad, entendida esta dentro de los límites del conocimiento racional empírico.
Hacia la objetivación de la responsabilidad extracontractual de los grupos empresariales
Authors: Díaz Leaño Maria Clara
Published: January 2016

El documento presenta un estudio acerca de la responsabilidad del grupo empresarial, figura jurídica en la cual se han organizado diversas empresas. Con la globalización económica, las empresas se han constituido bajo el modelo de grupo; esta situación dificulta establecer los niveles de responsabilidad, ya que esta se disuelve entre las diferentes compañías que conforman el grupo. El objetivo del presente artículo es establecer algunas directrices para ubicar la responsabilidad extracontractual de los grupos empresariales
La culpa como fundamento de la responsabilidad civil en el derecho francés.
Authors: Chabas Francois
Published: January 2016

La noción de culpa es fundamental en la imputación de responsabilidad civil en un doble sentido: en relación con el sujeto que causa un daño con culpa y también en relación con la víctima que obró con culpa. La Doctrina ha jugado un rol trascendental en la evolución del derecho positivo y en ella hay que distinguir entre la perspectiva de la doctrina clásica y la moderna, es decir, entre un enfoque moralista y otro objetivo de la culpa. Es este último el que decidió aplicar la Corte de Casación francesa.
El contexto de mujer en la realidad jurídico-penal colombiana: delitos sexuales y revictimización
Authors: GARCIA SIERRA LINA MILENA
Published: January 2016

Resumen: Las interacciones sociales de los sujetos femeninos están fijadas por predeterminacionessimbólicas y valores culturales de inferioridad, debilidad y otros adjetivosde subordinación para la mujer, implícitos en contextos aprendidos de los distintosescenarios. El tratamiento a los delitos sexuales en Colombia, mayoritariamente,comprende mujeres como víctimas; sin embargo, la norma se construye indistintamentedel sujeto pasivo y no resulta suficiente para evitar que, tras la victimizaciónprimaria, se constituya doble lesión a la integridad y la libertad sexual. Se evidenciala necesidad de cambiar el imaginario social y la creación de acciones positivas parareivindicar los derechos femeninos.

Palabras clave: sujeto femenino, subordinación, delitos sexuales, revictimización.

The context of women in the Colombian criminal-legalreality: sex crimes and revictimization

Abstract: Social interactions of female individuals are set by predetermined symbolic andcultural values of inferiority, weakness and other adjectives of subordination towomen, implicit in contexts learned in the various scenarios. The treatment ofsexual crimes in Colombia, mostly, involve women as victims; whoever the rule isconstructed regardless of the victim and it is not enough to avoid that, after primaryvictimization, double damage is made to the integrity and sexual freedom. It is clearthe necessity to change the social imaginary and the creation of positive actions tovindicate the rights of women.

Keywords: female individual, subordination, sexual offenses, revictimization.

O contexto da mulher na realidade jurídico-penalcolombiana: crimes sexuais e de revitimização

Resumo: As interações sociais dos sujeitos femininos estão fixadas por predeterminaçõessimbólicas e valores culturais de inferioridade, fraqueza e outros adjetivos desubordinação para à mulher, implícitos em contextos aprendidos dos diferentescenários. O tratamento de crimes sexuais na Colômbia compreende em grandeparte as mulheres como vítimas; no entanto, a norma constrói-se indistintamentedo sujeito passivo e não é suficiente para evitar que, após a vitimização primária,constitua-se uma dupla lesão à integridade e a liberdade sexual. É evidente anecessidade de mudar o imaginário social e a criação de uma ações positivas parareivindicar os direitos das mulheres.

Palavras chave: sujeito feminino, subordinação, delitos sexuais, revitimização
Persona y realización efectiva de derechos
Authors: GUARIN RAMIREZ EDGAR ANTONIO
Published: January 2016

Resumen: El presente artículo y avance de investigación doctoral, analiza la problemáticade la realización efectiva de los derechos, concretamente en lo que se refiere alreconocimiento y adjudicación real de estos en sus respectivos sujetos, mediantelas providencias judiciales. Este aspecto representa un problema relevante en lafilosofía y la teoría del derecho de nuestro tiempo, concretamente en la protecciónefectiva de los derechos humanos.

Palabras clave: fundamentos, derecho, persona singular, inteligencia racional,comunión interpersonal.

Person and effective realization of rights

Abstract: This article, doctoral research breakthrough, analyzes the problem of the effectiverealization of rights, particularly with regards to the actual recognition and awardingthereof in their respective subjects, by court orders. This aspect represents a relevantproblem in philosophy and legal theory of our time, specifically in the effectiveprotection of human rights.

Keywords: foundations, right, singular person, rational intelligence, interpersonalcommunion.

Pessoa e realização efetiva de direitosResumoO presente artigo, avanço da pesquisa de doutorado, analisa a problemática darealização efetiva dos direitos, em especial no que refere-se ao reconhecimento eadjudicação real destes em seus respectivos sujeitos, mediante as providencias judiciais.Este aspecto representa um problema relevante na filosofia e a teoria do direitode nosso tempo, mais especificamente na proteção efetiva dos direitos humanos.

Palavras chave: fundamentos, direito, pessoa singular, inteligência racional, comunhãointerpessoal.

 
Legalidad y prescripción frente a la investigación de crímenes de lesa humanidad en Colombia
Authors: DAZA GONZALEZ ALFONSO
Published: January 2016

Resumen: Se analiza en este artículo la tensión que existe entre el principio de legalidad y laprescripción de la acción penal en Colombia, y el deber de investigar y juzgar losdelitos de lesa humanidad que impone el derecho internacional.

Palabras clave: legalidad, prescripción, investigación criminal, enjuiciamiento,crímenes de lesa humanidad

Legality and statute of limitation with regards to theinvestigation of crimes against humanity in Colombia

Abstract: This article analyzes the tension existing between the principle of legality and thestatute of limitation of the criminal action in Colombia, and the duty to investigateand prosecute crimes against humanity under international law.

Keywords: legality, statute of limitation, criminal investigation, prosecution, crimesagainst humanity.

Legalidade e prescrição perante a investigação de crimesde lesa humanidade na Colômbia

Resumo: Analisa-se neste artigo a tensão existente entre o princípio da legalidade e a prescriçãoda ação penal na Colômbia, e o dever de pesquisar e julgar os crimes de lesahumanidade que impõe o direito internacional.

Palavras chave: legalidade, prescrição, investigação criminal, julgamento, crimesde lesa humanidade.

 
Un acercamento a las “oposiciones paradigmáticas” entre neoconstitucionalismo y positivismo jurídico
Authors: Quiroz Villalobos Milton
Published: January 2016

La adopción de una teoría del Derecho no solo representa una postura iusfilosófica, sino que además conlleva claras implicancias a nivel práctico.

En este trabajo veremos los principales postulados de dos de las corrientes más difundidas sobre este tema, que representan, por ende, dos visiones no solo distintas, sino además opuestas sobre el Derecho: iuspositivismo y neoconstitucionalismo.

Los postulados de una de ellas se convierten en “oposiciones paradigmáticas” frente a los de la otra. Esto es así pues los mismos afectan áreas esenciales del Derecho, como los referidos a su criterio de validez, conformación, papel de los jueces en la resolución de “casos difíciles”, entre otros.
Una aproximación a los cambios de la Administración Pública colombiana en las transformaciones del estado
Authors: Giraldo Saavedra Alberto
Published: January 2016

Este artículo hace parte de la indagación de mi tesis doctoral acerca de los cambios que se presentan en la Administración Pública colombiana durante las últimas tres décadas, en el contexto de las transformaciones del Estado. En tal sentido, en primer lugar se presenta una aproximación a la comprensión de las transformaciones a las que ha sido sometido el Estado en el contexto internacional, mediante la identificación de los rasgos característicos adoptados durante el periodo de posguerra, también conocido como Estado de Bienestar o intervencionista, y su tránsito a la
fase actual denominada neoliberal, señalando que tales rasgos no son los mismos para todos los países del mundo, sino que adquieren características particulares en la medida que hacen parte de los llamados países desarrollados o del centro vs. los subdesarrollados o de la periferia, en particular los de América Latina. En segundo lugar, se resaltan algunos cambios de la Administración Pública de cara a las transformaciones
del Estado colombiano, después de la reforma constitucional de 1991.
La garantía de la propiedad y el principio de proporcionalidad como límites de la carga tributaria en Alemania
Authors: Sänger Raffael
Published: January 2016

Bajo el concepto superior de justicia, el artículo quiere indagar por la pregunta de cómo puede ser protegido el ciudadano en Alemania por las garantías aseguradas constitucionalmente frente a una carga tributaria desbordada. El punto central lo constituye la garantía de propiedad y el principio de proporcionalidad como mecanismo más importante de protección jurídica en un Estado de Derecho. Para el efecto, se debe encontrar un límite máximo para la carga fiscal del patrimonio respectivo, que pueda ser entendida como concreción de la garantía de la propiedad.
Evoluciones recientes de la contratación pública en México
Authors: Cambero Quezada Guillermo
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo pretende demostrar la incipiente existencia de un sistema de exorbitancia de derecho público y la dualidad jurisdiccional del sistema jurídico mexicano. Por otra parte, se analiza el marco general de la contratación pública en México; esto es, desde las etapas precontractual y contractual, intentando desarrollar los ítems más relevantes de las mencionadas etapas.

El contenido del documento es producto de una investigación explicativa porque estuvo dirigida a responder las causas de la incipiente existencia de un sistema de exorbitancia de derecho público en el marco de la contratación estatal.
Reputational Risk and Corporate Social Responsibility: How to Make CSR Policies Attractive to Productive Corporations
Authors: Echeverry Botero David
Published: January 2016

In traditional economic theories, corporation main task is only to generate profits for the investors. However, in modern global economies, some companies have more money and power than many countries, many activist sectors and governments began to look closely at the role of those businesses in order to prevent abuses and environmental harm, and such an audit would create reputational risk that can strongly affect companies’ profits.
Although some corporations undervalue Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies, these could be a way to mitigate reputational risks, generate competitive advantages and new forms of competition, increase the value of the stocks and shares, and be the key to sustainable business.
Los motivos y las finalidades de la acción de nulidad y de la acción de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho: El debate subsiste
Authors: Sánchez Baptista Nestor Raul
Published: January 2016

Un problema que ha ocupado a la doctrina jurídica colombiana desde hace algún tiempo es establecer con qué condiciones procede la acción de nulidad contra actos administrativos. Estas acciones generan situaciones particulares, concretas o subjetivas. Además, por la necesidad de resolver judicialmente ciertos eventos de la vida real, dichos actos crean, modifican o extinguen una relación jurídica específica y subjetiva. Lo anterior se debe a que una persona puede ejercer la acción de nulidad contra actos administrativos de índole particular y concreta. Con frecuencia, la persona no tiene en cuenta que con la sola nulidad se produce el restablecimiento de un derecho. Para la prosperidad de tal restablecimiento, es necesario que la persona verifique su legitimación como accionante, la observancia de presupuestos procesales como el agotamiento de la vía gubernativa y la no caducidad de la acción de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho procedente.
Islamic Education: Its Concepts and Their Implementation in the Current Context
Authors: Syihabuddin Syihabuddin , Abdussalam Aam
Published: January 2016

Abstract The research discusses the concept and strategies of Islamic Education and their implementations in a global context. It aims to formulate concepts of contextual Islamic education implemented in higher education institutions in Indonesia, with the expectation that it will contribute to the solving of moral crisis currently experienced by Indonesia. In order to meet the aim, a mixed of quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed, with explanatory design. Data were collected from 54 lecturers and experts of Islamic education. The research has successfully formulated that a Muslim has to be educated by ethical teachers with exemplary method, scientific method, and ijtihâd method through the development of al-akhlâq al-karîmah course content, critical thinking skills, and development of democratic and universal values, supported by information and communication technology and evaluated with an authentic approach. These findings ascertain educators on the importance of al-akhlâq al-karîmah content, the  teachers as role models, and the revitalization of ijtihâd tradition in the classroom. Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas konsep dan strategi Pendidikan Islam dan implementasinya dalam konteks global. Hal ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan konsep pendidikan Islam kontekstual untuk diterapkan di lembaga pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia, harapannya penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi pada penyelesaian krisis moral saat ini dialami Indonesia. Dalam rangka memenuhi tujuan penelitian, pendekatan campuran dari kuantitatif dan kualitatif diterapkan, dengan desain explanatory. Data dikumpulkan dari 54 dosen dan ahli pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini telah berhasil merumuskan bahwa seorang Muslim harus dididik oleh guru yang berakhlak dengan metode teladan, metode ilmiah, dan metode ijtihad. Metode tersebut dirumuskan melalui pengembangan al-akhlaq al-karimah tertentu, keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan pengembangan nilai-nilai demokrasi dan nilai-nilai universal. Selain itu, metodenya didukung oleh teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Selanjutnya, metode ini dievaluasi dengan pendekatan otentik. Temuan ini mengarahkan dengan pasti kepada pendidik tentang pentingnya konten  al-akhlaq al-karimah, guru sebagai model peran, dan revitalisasi tradisi ijtihad di kelas. How to Cite:  Syihabuddin., Abdussalam, A,. (2015). Islamic Education: Its Concepts and Their Implementation in the Current Context. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 23-34. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1436. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1436
Reimagining peace, reimagining education: Peace educational potential of social media
Authors: Naseem M. Ayaz
Published: January 2016

Abstract In this paper I examine the potential of blogosphere for civic education. My main argument is that in in-crisis societies such as Pakistan the blogosphere is a space where conversations and multilogues on issues that are crucial to societal regeneration are taking place. These conversations and multilogues in/through the blogosphere are democratic and inclusive in that they are not confined by the traditional articulations of ‘expertise’, privilege and subject positioning. Neither the writer nor those who participate in the ensuing conversation are or have to be experts in a disciplinary sense. They are not privileged by credentials or by their positioning in the ‘knowledge’ hierarchy. Any and all agents of the civil society can either start or engage in these multilogues, many of which directly or indirectly, focus on issues of national and societal self-regeneration. Abstrak Dalam makalah ini saya meneliti potensi ruang-blog (blogosphere) untuk pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Argumen utama saya adalah bahwa dalam masyarakat yang sedang dilanda krisis seperti Pakistan ruang-blog (blogosphere) merupakan ruang di mana percakapan dan interaksi percakapan tentang isu-isu yang sangat penting bagi regenerasi sosial, berlangsung. Percakapan dan multilogues melalui ruang-blog ini bersifat demokratis dan inklusif karena tidak dibatasi oleh artikulasi tradisional yang mencirikan 'keahlian', pengaturan posisi berdasarkan hak istimewa dan subjek masalah. Baik penulis maupun orang-orang yang berpartisipasi dalam percakapan tidak harus ahli dalam disiplin tertentu. Mereka tidak diberi hak istimewa atas dasar prestasi atau posisi mereka dalam hirarki 'pengetahuan' . Setiap dan semua masyarakat sipil dapat memulai atau terlibat dalam interaksi percakapan ini, banyak di antara mereka yang baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, berfokus pada isu-isu regenerasi diri di tingkat nasional dan masyarakat.How to Cite : Naseem, M., A. (2015). Reimagining Peace, Reimagining Education: Peace Educational Potential of Social Media. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 1-11. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1474. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1474
Debate as A Learning-Teaching Method: A Survey of Literature
Authors: Salim Arskal
Published: January 2016

Abstract This present paper explored historical references of debate trend  to be proposed as one of learning-teaching method. By analyzing the strengths and limitations of debate, the author found that any existing debate format is imperfect and it is educators’ task to seek out how in utilizing debate as a learning teaching method. Some works on debate assessment method were described. In real implementation, on author's experience to use debate as learning-teaching method, showed that it was difficult to mark students either as individual or team. Therefore, their preparation and the performance in-class debate should be considered. Abstrak Artikel ini mengeksplorasi  referensi sejarah dari tren debat yang akan diusulkan sebagai salah satu metode belajar mengajar. Dengan menganalisis kekuatan dan keterbatasan perdebatan, penulis menemukan bahwa format debat yang ada tidak sempurna dan itu adalah tugas pendidik untuk mencari tahu bagaimana memanfaatkan debat sebagai metode pengajaran pembelajaran. Beberapa karya pada metode penilaian debat dijelaskan. Dalam implementasi nyata, pengalaman penulis menggunakan debat sebagai metode belajar-mengajar, menunjukkan bahwa hal itu sulit untuk menandai siswa baik sebagai individu atau tim. Oleh karena itu, persiapan mereka dan perdebatan kinerja dalam kelas harus dipertimbangkan. How to Cite: Salim, A. (2015). Debate as A Learning-Teaching Method: A Survey of Literature. TARBIYA: Journal of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 97-104. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1665. Permalink/DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1665
English Teachers’ Teaching Quality in Madrasah in Jakarta and Banten based on the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness
Authors: Azkiya Siti Nurul
Published: January 2016

Abstract This paper was intended to describe English teachers’ teaching quality in teaching reading comprehension and provide some reflection and suggestion on how teaching quality could be improved. The classroom factors of the dynamic model (orientation, structuring, questioning, modeling, application, assessment, time management, and making classroom as a learning environment [CLE]) were used as a reference to conceptualize teaching quality. Classroom observation instrument was used to measure teaching quality of 59 English teachers in Madrasah Tsanawiyah in the provinces of Jakarta and Banten with a focus on reading comprehension. The findings showed that among the above eight factors, teachers rarely practiced orientation, structuring, modeling, and CLE. In addition, they did not provide enough application whereas a lot of time was spent for reading aloud and translating the text. Nevertheless, they started to raise questions and conduct assessment. With respect to questioning, however, the questions were limited to product questions, which did not promote critical thinking. Finally, the assessment method used was limited to questioning. Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kualitas guru Bahasa Inggris dalam mengajar reading comprehension dan memberikan rekomendasi strategi meningkatkan kualitas mengajar. Delapan aspek yang ada dalam the Ddynamic Model (orientation, structuring, questioning, modeling, application, assessment, time management, and making classroom as a learning environment [CLE]) dijadikan sebagai pijakan untuk mendefinisikan konsep kualitas mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen observasi kelas untuk melihat bagaimana guru mengajar reading comprehension. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 59 guru Bahasa Inggris di Madrasah Tsanawiyah di propinsi DKI Jakarta dan Banten. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di antara delapan aspek kualitas mengajar yang dalam the Dynamic Model, kebanyakan guru jarang sekali mempraktikkan orientation, structuring, modeling, dan CLE. Selain itu, mereka tidak banyak memberikan application dan waktu yang ada banyak terpakai untuk membaca teks dan menerjemahkannya. Meski demikian, guru-guru tersebut mulai menggunakan berbagai pertanyaan untuk memandu proses pembelajaran dan melakukan asesmen. Hanya saja, pertanyaan yang diajukan masih terbatas pada pertanyaan product yang tidak menumbuhkan daya kritis, dan metode assessmen yang dilakukan terbatas pada memberikan pertanyaan kepada siswa. How to Cite:  Azkiyah, S., N. (2015). English Teachers’ Teaching Quality in Madrasah in Jakarta and Banten Based on the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 35-46. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i.1668. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1668
Can Religious Coping Predict Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Mardiah Ainul , Syahriati Elida
Published: January 2016

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine religious coping on posttraumatic growth in Acehnese. The measurements in this research are: Short Form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and Brief Religious Coping. All measurements demonstrate good internal consistency reliability (α= .62- .73). Factor analyses for each measurement were conducted and the new generated factors are used in subsequent analyses. Results showed that positive religious coping can predict PTG, in the other hand negative religious coping in both type cannot predict PTG; first, type wondering about God, and feeling punished by God. Furthermore, PTG does not different on gender and types of trauma. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kontribusi religious coping terhadap posttraumatic growth (pertumbuhan psikologis paska trauma). Alat ukur yang digunakna untuk riset ini adalah: Short Form of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (SF-PTGI), dan Brief Religious Coping. Semua alat ukur menunjukkan reliabilitas yang bagus (α= .62- .73). Uji faktor analisa dilakukan untuk setiap alat ukur yang digunakan, dan faktor baru yang dihasilkan seterusnya digunakan untuk analisa berikutnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa positive religious coping terhadap posttraumatic growth (pertumbuhan psikologis paska trauma), sementara negative religious coping tidak bisa memprediksi posttraumatic growth (pertumbuhan psikologis paska trauma), baik itu dimensi mempertanyakan Ketuhanan, dan perasaan dihukum oleh Tuhan. Lebih lanjut, tidak ada perbedaan PTG berdasarkan gender dan tipe trauma. How to Cite: Mardiah, A., Syahriati, E,. (2015). Can Religious Coping Predict Posttraumatic Growth. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 61-69. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1741. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1741
Construction of Dual Curriculum in Indonesian Education System During the New Order Government
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad
Published: January 2016

Abstract Indonesian education system, beside the fact that it has a single system with a single educational law, accommodates two different official curricula administered by two different ministries, i.e. The Ministry of Education and The Ministry of Religious Affairs. This kind of dual system was officially initiated by the New Order Government in 1970s.  Using the social constructionism as a perspective, this study tries to re-construct the debates on educational policies during the New Order Era. While the Era has passed, the policy of having dual system remains relevant.The study is conducted using a qualitative-historical method, meaning that data are gathered from various resources using the qualitative approach combined with the historical perspective. Data are collected from various written documents as well as interviews with some resource persons. General conclusion of the paper is that the dual curriculum system has existed before the New Order government took the power. The different is that the New Order Government made the dual system official, while the previous system did not recognize religious school as parts of formal education system. Abstrak Meskipun Indonesia memiliki satu sistem pendidikan nasional dan satu Undang-undang pendidikan yang berlaku, namun ada dua kementerian yang mengelola pendidikan, yaitu Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kementerian Agama. Inilah yang dimaksud dengan dualisme sistem pendidikan Indonesia. Awalnya, pendidikan Islam berada di luar system, sehingga dualism itu tidak begitu Nampak. Namun sejak tahun 1970an dualisme ini mulai mewujud seiring dengan diakuinya pendidikan Islam sebagai bagian dari sistem pendidikan nasional oleh Pemerintah Orde Baru. Tulisan ini mencoba merekonstruksi dualisme sistem pendidikan di Era Orde Baru dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif-hsitoris. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa sebenarnya dualisme pendidikan telah ada sebelum masa Orde Baru. Namun, di masa Orde Baru-lah dualisme itu muncul secara aksplisit, ketika pendidikan Islam diakui sebagai institusi resmi yang berbeda dengan pendidikan sekuler. How to Cite:  Zuhdi, M. (2015). Construction of Dual Curriculum in Indonesian Education System During the New Order Government. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2(1), 47-60. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1819. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1819
Autism in Toddlers Born Very Preterm
Authors: Pritchard Margo Anne , de Dassel Therese , Beller Elaine , Bogossian Fiona , Johnston Linda , Paynter Jessica , Russo Santo , Scott James
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) classifications in children born very preterm during their toddler years.

METHODS:

Two birth cohorts of toddlers (2 and 4 years old) each recruited over 12 months and born at <29 weeks’ gestation were administered the Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers–Follow-up Interview (M-CHAT-FI) screen, the ADOS-G, and developmental assessments. The ADOS-G was conducted on toddlers with M-CHAT-FI–positive screens.

RESULTS:

Data were available on 88% (169/192) of children. In total, 22 (13%) toddlers screened positive and 3 (1.8%) were confirmed diagnostically with ASD. These 3 cases reached the highest ADOS-G threshold classification of autism. All but 1 child who scored below the ADOS-G thresholds (11/12) demonstrated some difficulty with social communication. Risk was significantly increased for co-occurring neurodevelopmental problems in 21 of the 22 positive-screen ASD cases. Adaptive behavior (P < .001) was the only co-occurring factor independently predictive of ASD in toddlers.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children born very preterm are at increased risk of ASD. By using the ADOS-G, we found a lower incidence of ASD in children born at <29 weeks’ gestation compared with previous studies. Children who screened positive for ASD on the M-CHAT-FI had developmental delays consistent with subthreshold communication impairment.
The Judean Desert as a Chalcolithic Necropolis
Authors: Ilan David , Rowan Yorke
Published: January 2016

Cave deposits represent a special category of archaeological context that invokes its own set of research questions. The interpretation of these deposits, however, is often based on unfounded assumptions. The idea of ‘cave men’ utilizing caves as domestic space persists to this day, both in the public imagination and in archaeological interpretation. But a cave is not generally a good place to live; the adoption of caves as living space occurs in times of emergency and is short-lived. Yet caves were commonly used for human burial and as the locus of ritual activity. This is strikingly true for the Chalcolithic period (ca. 4500–3600 BC) in the southern Levant. But the idea that people frequently lived in caves in the Chalcolithic persists, bolstered by the presence of quotidian objects excavated in cave contexts. In this study, we focus on Chalcolithic deposits in the caves of the Judean Desert, and suggest that many of them were the loci of mortuary interment and its associated ritual practice. We suggest further that the ‘Ein Gedi sanctuary and the Nahal Mishmar hoard are both associated with the mortuary complex of the Judean Desert.
Neuro-Fuzzy based Approach for Inverse Kinematics Solution of Industrial Robot Manipulators
Authors: Alavandar Srinivasan , Nigam M. J.
Published: January 2016

Obtaining the joint variables that result in a desired position of the robot end-effector called as inverse kinematics is one of the most important problems in robot kinematics and control. As the complexity of robot increases, obtaining the inverse kinematics solution requires the solution of non linear equations having transcendental functions are difficult and computationally expensive. In this paper, using the ability of ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) to learn from training data, it is possible to create ANFIS, an implementation of a representative fuzzy inference system using a BP neural network-like structure, with limited mathematical representation of the system. Computer simulations conducted on 2 DOF and 3DOF robot manipulator shows the effectiveness of the approach.
A Hyper-Heuristic Approach for Efficient Resource Scheduling in Grid
Authors: Bhanu S. Mary Saira , Gopalan N.P.
Published: January 2016

Efficient execution of computations in grid can require mapping of tasks to processors whose performance is both irregular and time varying because of dynamic nature. The task of mapping jobs to the available computing nodes or scheduling of the jobs on the grid is a NP complete problem. The NP-hard problem is often solved using heuristics techniques. Heuristic and metaheuristic approaches tend to be knowledge rich, requiring substantial expertise in both the problem domain and appropriate heuristics techniques. To alleviate this problem the concept of Hyperheuristic was introduced. They operate on the search space of heuristics instead of candidate solutions and can be applied to any optimization problem. This paper emphasizes the use of Hyper-heuristics built on top of hybridized Metaheuristics to efficiently and effectively schedule jobs onto available resources in a grid environment thus resulting in an optimal schedule with minimum makespan.
On DPA-Resistive Implementation of FSR-based Stream Ciphers using SABL Logic Styles
Authors: Atani Reza Ebrahimi , Mirzakuchaki Sattar , Atani Shahabaddin Ebrahimi , Meier Willi
Published: January 2016

The threat of DPA attacks is of crucial importance when designing cryptographic hardware. This contribution discusses the DPA-resistant implementation of two eSTREAM finalists using SABL logic styles. Particularly, two Feedback Shift Register (FSR) based stream ciphers, Grain v.1 and Trivium are designed in both BSim3 130nm and typical 350nm technologies and simulated by HSpice software. Circuit simulations and statistical power analysis show that DPA resistivity of SABL implementation of both stream ciphers has a major improvement. The paper presents the tradeoffs involved in the circuit design and the design for performance issues.
Fuzzy Szpilrajn Theorem through Indicators
Authors: Georgescu Irina
Published: January 2016

In this paper there are studied some numerical indicators which measure the degree to which a fuzzy relation verifies some properties (reflexivity, transitivity, etc. ).The main result is a fuzzy generalization of the Szpilrajn theorem in terms of such numerical indicators and is applied to any fuzzy relation.
Ant Colony Solving Multiple Constraints Problem: Vehicle Route Allocation
Authors: Negulescu Sorin C. , Kifor Claudiu V. , Oprean Constantin
Published: January 2016

Ant colonies are successfully used nowadays as multi-agent systems (MAS) to solve difficult optimization problems such as travelling salesman (TSP), quadratic assignment (QAP), vehicle routing (VRP), graph coloring and satisfiability problem. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to adapt an improved version of Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm, mainly: the Elitist Ant System (EAS) algorithm in order to solve the Vehicle Route Allocation Problem (VRAP). After a brief introduction in the first section about MAS and their characteristics, the paper presents the rationale within the second section where ACO algorithm and its common extensions are described. In the approach (the third section) are explained the steps that must be followed in order to adapt EAS for solving the VRAP. The resulted algorithm is illustrated in the fourth section. Section five closes the paper presenting the conclusions and intentions.
A autonomia burocrática das organizações financeiras internacionais: um estudo comparado entre o Banco Mundial e o Fundo Monetário Internacional
Authors: Guimarães Feliciano de Sá
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender as razões da maior autonomia burocrática do Banco Mundial em relação ao Fundo Monetário Internacional. Acreditamos que as razões desta diferença residem na burocracia com expertise mais diversificada do Banco Mundial em contraste com a burocracia de expertise mais rígida do FMI. Uma burocracia mais diversificada aumenta as possibilidades de formação de coalizões com ONGs em torno de policies de interesses comuns. Essas coalizões aumentam os custos de intervenção dos Estados para alterar ou barrar as policies defendidas pelo corpo burocrático. Assim, quanto maior a diversidade de expertise da burocracia internacional, maior será a possibilidade de formação de coalizões com ONGs em torno de policies de seu interesse e, consequentemente, maior será sua autonomia burocrática. Do ponto de vista teórico, utilizamos a teoria agente-principal para discutir burocracias internacionais. Usamos o método comparativo com base em instrumentos qualitativos de análise e estatística descritiva.