bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Low-High Fidelity Turbulent Models in Scramjet Engines
Authors: En-Nali Mohamed , Palakurthy Seshendra , Zope Anup , Bhushan Shanti , Collins Eric M. , Luke Edward
Published: September 2024

In the present work, we aim to investigate the predictive capabilities of low and high-fidelity turbulence models and understand how they perform in complex conditions in a scramjet engine. In this study, we use the DLR experiments [1] to present a comparative performance assessment of low to high fidelity turbulence models. The DLR case is interesting since it exhibits turbulence due to wall effects as well as due to shear layer. Results show relatively good agreement when compared against the validation data set from the experiment. DHRL was able to resolve more turbulence structures compared to all other models. HRL showed better prediction of the momentum deficit in the wake of the strut than all other models. Additionally, results for reacting case show that choice of turbulence models affects the intensity and lift-off distance of the flame where RANS and DHRL show the most rigorous flame and a smooth peak in temperature profile near the base of the strut at the centerline while IDDES and HRL show no combustion at the same location. Comparison against computational results shows an underprediction of the flame lift-off distance.
CD98hc promotes drug resistance in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma through tumor cell–derived small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Liao Liming , Yang Ping , Zhang Weilong , Yu Shuyu , Jing Hongmei , Zheng Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) shows a high rate of recurrence after chemoradiotherapy. Drug resistance can be mediated by the cargo of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Here, we show that high abundance of the transmembrane glycoprotein CD98hc in tumor cells and serum sEVs was associated with ENKTL progression and drug resistance. Mechanistically, PEGylated-asparaginase (PEG-asp) treatment, a common therapy against ENKTL, promoted the translocation of the transcription factor ATF4 to the nucleus, where it was stabilized by USP1 and subsequently increased
CD98hc
expression. CD98hc delivered in tumor cell–derived sEVs increased tumor cell proliferation and drug resistance in a cultured human NK lymphoma cell line, animal models, and samples from patients with refractory/relapse ENKTL. Moreover, inhibiting both USP1 and EV secretion synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of PEG-asp. These data suggest that targeting CD98hc in the treatment of ENKTL may be beneficial in overcoming drug resistance.
Aging and age-related disorders, cell by cell
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: September 2024

Cell type–specific gene signatures in an aged brain imply biological links to age-related disorders.
Testosterone treatment impacts the intestinal microbiome of transgender individuals
Authors: Harris Rebecca M. , Pace Fernanda , Kuntz Thomas M. , Morgan Xochitl C. , Hyland Phoebe , Summers Kiana , McDermott Em , Blumen Kai , Watnick Paula I.
Published: September 2024

Medical modulation of sex hormone levels is a cornerstone of treatment for many conditions that impact well-being, including cancer, fertility/infertility, gender dysphoria, and chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The microbial residents of the intestine, known as the microbiota, interact with sex hormones in the intestine, and there is correlative evidence that this interaction is bidirectional. Based on these published findings, we hypothesized that transgender individuals receiving exogenous testosterone as part of their gender-affirming medical treatment might undergo changes in their intestinal microbiome. To test this, we collected 26 stool samples from nine individuals before and up to 8 months after initiation of treatment with exogenous testosterone and subjected these samples to metagenomic analysis. While no species were significantly associated with the duration of testosterone therapy, pathways that generate glutamate increased in abundance, while those that consume glutamate decreased. Glutamate is a precursor of arginine, and testosterone is known to increase levels of arginine and its metabolites in the plasma. We hypothesize that testosterone increases the uptake of glutamate by enterocytes, thus decreasing access of the microbiota to this amino acid. While this pilot study establishes the impact of testosterone therapy on the intestinal microbiome, a more comprehensive study is necessary to establish the impact of testosterone-driven metagenomic shifts on the stool metatranscriptome, the stool metabolome, and the plasma metabolome.

IMPORTANCE

The human intestine is inhabited by a large community of microbes known as the microbiome. Members of the microbiome consume the diet along with their human host. Thus, the metabolomes of the host and microbe are intricately linked. Testosterone alters the plasma metabolome. In particular, plasma levels of arginine and its metabolites and testosterone are positively correlated. To investigate the impact of exogenous testosterone on the microbiome, we analyzed the stool metagenomes of transgender individuals before and after the initiation of testosterone treatment. In this pilot project, we found a modest impact on the microbiome community structure but an increase in the abundance of metabolic pathways that generate glutamate and spare glutamate consumption. We propose that the host uses glutamate to generate arginine, decreasing the amount available for the microbiome.
Supplemental Material: Seismic discontinuity in the Martian crust possibly caused by water-filled cracks
Authors: Katayama Ikuo , Akamatsu Yuya
Published: September 2024

Figures S1–S6 (velocity calculation) and Table S1 (experimental data).  
Technical Report Column
Authors: Kelley Dean
Published: September 2024

Welcome to the Technical Reports Column. If your institution publishes technical reports that you'd like to have included here, please contact me at the email address above.
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Leaf Mitigates Colitis‐Associated Colon Cancer through Anti‐inflammatory Modulation in BALB/C Mice
Authors: Mohd Tamsir Norain , Mohd Esa Norhaizan , Shafie Nurul Husna , Hamzah Hazilawati
Published: September 2024

Colitis‐associated colon cancer (CAC) arises from prolonged inflammation of the inner colon lining. An alternative approach to treating or preventing CAC involves the use of natural products such as Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen or M. zapota, which has been studied for its medicinal and pharmacological properties. Previous research has demonstrated the anticancer effects of M. zapota leaf aqueous extract (MZLAE) on colon cancer cells. However, no animal study has investigated the effects of MZLAE on CAC. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of MZLAE on CAC in mice. In the present study, CAC was induced using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The mice were randomly assigned into five groups: (a) normal, (b) AOM/DSS, (c) AOM/DSS + 50 mg/kg MZLAE, (d) AOM/DSS + 100 mg/kg MZLAE, and (e) AOM/DSS + 200 mg/kg MZLAE. Various parameters including disease activity index (DAI), colon length and weight, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, superoxide dismutase (SOD), histopathological assessment, and proinflammatory cytokines expression were analysed. The results indicated that MZLAE improved DAI scores, colon length, colon histological dysplasia and inflammation scores, and SOD level, while also reducing ROS production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐ α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6)). In conclusion, this study suggests that MZLAE may serve as a promising source of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory agents for alleviating CAC.
Desempeño financiero de las universidades chilenas y sus niveles de acreditación
Authors: Barrientos Oradini Nicolás
Published: September 2024

Este artículo examina la relación entre el desempeño financiero de las universidades chilenas y sus niveles de acreditación. Analiza las diversas fuentes de financiamiento de las universidades, explica el sistema de acreditación chileno y discute cómo un buen nivel de acreditación puede mejorar el rendimiento financiero de una universidad. El estudio argumenta que una mejor acreditación permite mayor acceso a financiamiento público y privado, atrae más estudiantes y académicos de calidad, y fomenta una gestión más eficiente de los recursos. Concluye que la acreditación y el rendimiento financiero se retroalimentan positivamente, creando un ciclo virtuoso de mejora continua en las instituciones de educación superior.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Netrin-1 and UNC5B Cooperate with Integrins to Mediate YAP-Driven Cytostasis
Authors: Pearson Joel D. , Huang Katherine , Dela Pena Louis G. , Ducarouge Benjamin , Mehlen Patrick , Bremner Rod
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S1: Results of CRISPR screen to identify YAP effectors
A new species of Pachyrhabda Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae) from the Korean Peninsula
Authors: JEONG IN-WON , KIM SORA
Published: September 2024

The Stathmopodidae, belonging to the Gelechioidea, was first reported by Edward Meyrick in 1913. Since then, species with various morphological characters and various ecological adaptations such as feeding on crops, mosses, and aphids have been reported. In this study, we report the genus Pachyrhabda Meyrick, 1897, for the first time in the Korean Peninsula. This genus of moths is known for consuming spores of ferns. In the present article, we report the discovery of a new species, Pachyrhabda benearena sp. nov. It is diagnosed from the congeneric species by irregular brown spots on the forewings. The new species' description and geographic distribution information are provided. Additionally, a world checklist of the genus is provided.
Tracking aquatic non-native macroinvertebrate species in Germany using long-term data
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Kurtul Irmak , Kouba Antonín
Published: September 2024

Biological invasions pose a global challenge, threatening both biodiversity and human well-being. Projections suggest that as invasions increase, the financial costs associated with management and the ecological harm they cause will also escalate. Here, we examined whether long-term biomonitoring strategies were adequate to identify and track benthic aquatic non-native macroinvertebrate species by using the German subset (151 time series; 129 of which reported non-native species) of the currently most comprehensive European long-term dataset of 1816 macroinvertebrate community time series from 22 European countries. The detection of aquatic non-native species was directly linked to the availability of long-term sites and thus, monitoring effort, having identified the spatio-temporal occurrence of 32 non-native species. The available long-term monitoring site data were mostly concentrated in the western part of Germany, predominantly covering the Rhine River and its tributaries. The spatially biased network of long-term monitoring sites, therefore, naturally skews the detection and reporting of aquatic non-native species toward this area and underestimates Eastern and Southern regions, impeding the comprehension of invasion dynamics. However, based on the available data, we found that the absolute number of non-native species increased and the proportion of non-native species relative to native species decreased over time. This indicates complex ecological interactions between native and non-native species and underlines the value of long-term data for investigating invasion dynamics. Considering the value of comprehensive monitoring networks, a spatially biased network delays the application of management and mitigation plans, possibly worsening the ecological and economic effects of biological invasions in Germany. The results provided here indicate the disadvantages of biased datasets, but simultaneously underline the enormous potential of a dense network of long-term monitoring. Our results also highlight the urgent need to increase and diversify long-term biomonitoring efforts throughout Germany to cover the main freshwater resources and their connections where the introduction risk of non-native species is the highest. Centrally collating such data would provide a profound basis for the monitoring of spreading aquatic non-native species and could serve the implementation of national biosecurity efforts.
Tropical oils consumption and health: a scoping review to inform the development of guidelines in tropical regions
Authors: Hormenu Thomas , Salifu Iddrisu , Paku Juliet Elikem , Kordowu Peace Yaa , Abdul-Karim Adams , Gyan Thomas Boateng , Asiedu Immanuel , Abdul-Ganiyu Osman , Amoadu Mustapha
Published: September 2024

Background

Tropical oils such as palm and coconut oils are renowned for their high saturated fat content and culinary versatility. However, their consumption has sparked debate regarding their health benefits and production concerns. The purpose of this review was to map existing evidence on the health benefits and challenges associated with the consumption of tropical oils.

Method

The recommendations for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O’Malley were followed. PubMed, Dimensions AI, Central, JSTOR Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant papers. The predetermined keywords used were Consumption” AND “Tropical oil,” as well as “Health benefits” OR “Health challenges” AND “Tropical Countries.” Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English were eligible for this review.

Result

Tropical oils, such as palm and coconut oils, provide health benefits including essential vitamins (A and E) that enhance ocular health, boost immunity, and support growth. They are also recognised for their role in managing high blood sugar, obesity, and cholesterol levels, while offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These oils have wound-healing abilities and are commonly used in infant nutrition and traditional cooking. Nevertheless, prolonged and repeated use of tropical oils to high temperature can degrade vitamin E, whereas excessive intake may result in overdose. Health concerns include oxidative risks, diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and acrylamide formation due to production challenges excessive consumption. Additional issues include obesity, suboptimal oil production, misconceptions, regulatory obstacles, and preferences for alternative fats.

Conclusion

This review suggest that tropical oils provide essential health benefits, including vitamins and antioxidant properties, but pose significant health risks and production challenges, particularly when exposed to high temperatures and through excessive intake. Guidelines on the consumption of tropical oils in the tropical regions are necessary to regulate their consumption.
Characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous epithelial–mesenchymal transition in genetically unperturbed patient-derived non-spindled breast carcinoma
Authors: Lien Huang-Chun , Yu Hui-Chieh , Yu Wen-Hsuan , Lin Su-Fang , Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Chen I-Chun , Hsiao Li-Ping , Yeh Ling-Chun , Li Yu-Chia , Lo Chiao , Lu Yen-Shen
Published: September 2024

Background

Although tumor cells undergoing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) typically exhibit spindle morphology in experimental models, such histomorphological evidence of EMT has predominantly been observed in rare primary spindle carcinomas. The characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous EMT in genetically unperturbed non-spindled carcinomas remain underexplored.

Methods

We used primary culture combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and in situ RNA-seq to explore the characteristics and transcription factors (TFs) associated with potential spontaneous EMT in non-spindled breast carcinoma.

Results

Our primary culture revealed carcinoma cells expressing diverse epithelial–mesenchymal traits, consistent with epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity. Importantly, carcinoma cells undergoing spontaneous EMT did not necessarily exhibit spindle morphology, even when undergoing complete EMT. EMT was a favored process, whereas mesenchymal–epithelial transition appeared to be crucial for secondary tumor growth. Through scRNA-seq, we identified TFs that were sequentially and significantly upregulated as carcinoma cells progressed through the EMT process, which correlated with increasing VIM expression. Once upregulated, the TFs remained active throughout the EMT process. ZEB1 was a key initiator and sustainer of EMT, as indicated by its earliest significant upregulation in the EMT process, its exact correlation with VIM expression, and the reversal of EMT and downregulation of EMT-upregulated TFs upon ZEB1 knockdown. The correlation between ZEB1 and vimentin expression in triple-negative breast cancer and metaplastic breast carcinoma tumor cohorts further highlighted its role. The immediate upregulation of ZEB2 following that of ZEB1, along with the observation that the knockdown of ZEB1 or ZEB2 downregulates both ZEB1 and ZEB2 concomitant with the reversal of EMT, suggests their functional cooperation in EMT. This finding, together with that of a lack of correlation of SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1 expression with the mesenchymal phenotype, indicated EMT-TFs have a context-dependent role in EMT. Upregulation of EMT-related gene signatures during EMT correlated with poor patient outcomes, highlighting the biological importance of the model. Elevated EMT gene signatures and increased ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression in vimentin-positive compared to vimentin-negative carcinoma cells within the corresponding primary tumor tissue confirmed ZEB1 and ZEB2 as intrinsic, instead of microenvironmentally-induced, EMT regulators, and vimentin as an in vivo indicator of EMT.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into the characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous EMT in primary non-spindled carcinoma.
Just Humor Me
Authors: Hubay Stacey A.
Published: September 2024

Cancer isn't funny but sometimes a cancer clinic can be a surprisingly funny place.
Osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate model
Authors: Da Silva Nascimento Francisco Glerison , Fernandes Oliveira Marques Gabriela , Sampaio Cavalcante Adriane , Feitosa Holanda Bianca , Lima Mota Mário Rogério , De Freitas Pires Alana , Ribeiro Castro Rondinelle
Published: September 2024

Objectives: this study aimed to highlight the evolution of the osteoarthritis (OA) model induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and its collaboration with the knowledge of the pathophysiology of inflammation, hypernociception and cartilage degeneration. Methods: PubMed and Science Direct were used with the descriptors: knee osteoarthritis or osteoarthritis of ankle) and (rat or osteoarthritis induced by monoiodoacetate) and (animal model of osteoarthritis or joint nociception). Studies containing rats, mice, and monoiodoacetate-induced osteoathritis were included. Exclusion criteria were: Animal models of osteoarthritis induced by destabilization; meniscectomy-induced osteoarthritis; non-invasive animal models of osteoarthritis induced by fracture, compression and tibial overload; animal models of osteoarthritis with large animals and models of osteoarthritis by papain or bacterial collagenase. We summarized studies that used MIA to induce knee or ankle OA in rats or mice and the evolution of the inflammatory markers. Results: a total of 38 original manuscripts met the inclusion criteria and were considered in the study. The model of OA induced by MIA is well-established and explored with several methodologies and has been widely used in different species. MIA induces cell death, progressive loss of chondrocytes and histological changes that mimics human OA. Studies with this model demonstrated inflammation, neurogenic hyperalgesia, release of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. More recently, molecular biology data confirm the activation of nuclear transcription factors, which modulates the expression of citokines in apoptotic chondrocytes. Conclusion: the MIA-induced OA has been useful in predicting several characteristics for the elucidation of osteoarthritis pathophysiology.
EFETIVIDADE DO PRINCÍPIO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Freitas Clodoaldo de Oliveira , Loose Cleberson Eller , Souza Dny Sandra da Silva , Bueno Douglas Aparecido , Albuquerque Carolina de
Published: September 2024

Este estudo parte do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável para refletir sobre sua efetividade na gestão de custos na agroindústria familiar, com foco em uma empresa localizada na região central do estado de Rondônia. O objetivo foi a análise financeira do negócio, por meio do cálculo do lucro e da margem de contribuição. A metodologia envolveu pesquisa de campo, utilizando triangulação de dados por meio de questionários semiestruturados, análise de documentos, oficina participativa e instrumentos da administração rural. Os resultados mostraram que a agroindústria apresentou prejuízo na produção de leite pasteurizado, enquanto o iogurte teve uma margem de lucro considerável. Os custos fixos foram identificados como o principal desafio, representando uma parcela significativa dos investimentos. Conclui-se que a agroindústria contribui para o desenvolvimento local sustentável, sendo necessário para sua maior efetividade: gestão profissional, controle adequado de custos e a disponibilidade de políticas públicas de fomento de itens primários e de desenvolvimento e implementação de ciência e tecnologia a serviço da ampliação da produção de itens manufaturados nas atividades familiares e produtivas no estado de Rondônia.
Management of early recurrence following successful endoscopic detorsion in sigmoid volvulus
Authors: Aksungur Nurhak , Disci Esra , Peksoz Rifat , Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Following endoscopic detorsion, sigmoid volvulus (SV) recurs in 3%-86% of patients, approximately 13% of which are early recurrence presenting during the first admission period. Although semielective surgery is the traditional approach, elective surgery following repetitive endoscopy or percutaneous endoscopic sigmoidopexy (PES) are other alternatives in the management of early SV recurrence. Our aim was to discuss the role of semielective surgery in above-mentioned rare clinical entity.
Methods: Among our 1,076-case series, we retrospectively evaluated the records of 612 patients (56.9%) treated between June 1966 and June 1986, while we prospectively utilized the data of 464 patients (43.1%) managed between June 1986 and January 2024. We recorded the treatment option and prognosis for each patient.
Results: Early SV recurrence was determined in 34 (5.5%) of the 621 patients with successful nonoperative detorsion. We treated all of these patients by semielective surgery. The surgical procedures were detorsion in one patient (2.9%), mesopexy in 11 (32.4%), sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis in 17 (50.0%), and sigmoidectomy with stoma in five (14.7%). In this series, mortality and morbidity rates were 2.9% (one patient) and 14.7% (five patients), respectively.
Conclusion: Semielective surgery is the traditional approach tried by most surgeons, which allows for the recovery of the general status of the patients, bowel preparation, and antibiotic prophylaxis. However, repetitive endoscopy followed by elective surgery or PES are current alternatives for some selected patients. Unfortunately, the relatively low effectuation rate of elective surgery following successful repetitive endoscopic detorsion and recurrence-related poor prognosis are still important handicaps of the latter procedure.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.10078
How to cite this: Aksungur N, Disci E, Peksoz R, Atamanalp SS. Management of early recurrence following successful endoscopic detorsion in sigmoid volvulus. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.10078
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of pain nursing intervention on patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with ocular trauma after decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Xu Dongjing , Li Jing , Jia Zhenling , Li Jia , Shan Yuchao
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the impacts of pain nursing intervention of patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with ocular trauma after decompressive craniotomy.
Method: This was retrospective study. Eighty patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with ocular trauma who underwent unilateral decompressive craniectomy in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from January 2023 to November 2023 were included and divided into the observation group(n=40) and the control group(n=40) according to different nursing methods. Patients in the control group received conventional nursing intervention, while those in the observation group received pain nursing intervention. The differences in sleep quality, self-care ability, quality of life, psychological state and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.
Results: After intervention, the pain degree of both groups was significantly reduced compared with that before intervention, and the reduction degree of the observation group was more than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The SS-QOL scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with before intervention, and the improvement degree of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The nursing satisfaction score of the observation group was (93.35±3.83) points, which was higher than (83.38±3.59) points of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (t=12.019, P=0.000).
Conclusion: Pain nursing intervention shows a variety of benefits in the treatment of patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with ocular trauma after decompressive craniectomy, improving their quality of life, self-care ability and nursing satisfaction.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9107
How to cite this: Xu D, Li J, Jia Z, Li J, Shan Y. Effect of pain nursing intervention on patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with ocular trauma after decompressive craniectomy. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9107
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New World Techniques of Stress Resistance in the Context of Digitalization of Society
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu. , Roldugina V. , Ermolenko L.
Published: September 2024

Modern man is experiencing severe stress due to information load and changes in the ergonomic environment. Active digitalization of society has also become a stressful situation for many people, as their life activities, pace and rhythm have completely changed. Many are trying to escape from such an intense pace that is detrimental to the body. All over the world new techniques of stress resistance are being developed: meditation; proper breathing techniques; autotraining techniques, yoga system. There is a new technique with its own rules, reminiscent of competitions – Leni championship or championship on doing nothing, which are held in Japan, South Korea, Montenegro. The study expresses an opinion about participation in such championships from the point of view of biomechanics of human motor activity.
Comparison of Treatment Methods for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Surgical vs. Non-Surgical
Authors: Szalajska Julia , Wojcieszek Maria , Wierzejska Natalia , Domański Mikołaj , Kopczyńska Barbara , Czyżniewska Oliwia , Czupryńska Karolina , Otręba Karina
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that results from the compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Both surgical and non-surgical treatments are used to manage CTS. While surgery is necessary in some cases, many patients can be treated effectively with conservative methods. This review compares the efficacy of surgical treatment for CTS against various conservative approaches.
Aim
The study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatments for CTS, focusing on symptom relief, patient outcomes, and long-term prognosis.
State of Knowledge
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passage in the wrist formed by carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum. Compression of the median nerve within this tunnel leads to CTS, which can be caused by anatomical variations or systemic conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand, which may worsen at night or with repetitive movements.
Summary (Conclusions)
Surgical treatment, especially decompression, offers superior symptom relief and functional improvement but carries risks of complications. Conservative treatments like wrist immobilization and anti-inflammatory medications are effective for many patients, supporting their use as initial treatment. Further research is needed to optimize CTS management.
Уродство и юродство в романе Саши Филипенко „Возвращение в Острог”
Authors: Kliabanau Dzmitry
Published: September 2024

Za jeden z kluczowych w powieści Powrót do Ostroga należy uznać problem deformacji i brzydoty rozpatrywany przez Saszę Filipenko na płaszczyźnie fizyczności / cielesności, jak i na płaszczyźnie metafizycznej – na przykładzie losów wychowanków sierocińca w Ostrogu, małego prowincjonalnego miasta na rosyjskiej Północy. W trawionej wszechogarniającą wyuczoną bezradnością rzeczywistości Ostroga rola „dziwaka – plugawcy – jurodziwego” przypada Piotrowi Pawłowowi, niegdysiejszemu wychowankowi sierocińca, człowiekowi o wielkiej wrażliwości, nadzwyczajnej moralności, twardo przekonanemu o konieczności działania na rzecz bliźniego i całego społeczeństwa. Obraz „saloity” Pawłowa pod wieloma względami stanowi aluzję do postaci Myszkina z powieści Idiota Fiodora Dostojewskiego.
Analizując przedstawioną w powieści Filipienki problematykę deformującego, destrukcyjnego wpływu systemu państwa autorytarno-totalitarnego na dzieci i ich dalsze losy, można dojść do wniosku o zawarciu w utworze aluzji do fragmentów powieści Człowiek śmiechu Wiktora Hugo, w których pisarz pochyla się nad kwestią celowego oszpecania i okaleczania dziecka. Obaj romaniści zgodni co do społecznego zdiagnozowania problemu: dziecko jest zabawką w rękach systemu, poniżanie go i pozbawienie podstawowych praw i wolności prowadzi do utraty przezeń podmiotowości, obdarcia z człowieczeństwa, powstawania trwałego kalectwa – emocjonalnego, mentalnego i duchowego. Dotyczy to nie tylko jednostki, ale i całego społeczeństwa, czyli w przypadku Powrotu do Ostroga – społeczeństwa postsowieckiej autorytarno-totalitarnej Rosji.
Gynybos baudžiamajame procese pagrindai: Mokslo monografija. Antroji Dalis
Authors: Merkevičius Remigijus
Published: September 2024

This monograph continues the research on criminal procedure that started five years ago (Merkevičius, 2018). It focuses on one of the most important practical procedural institutions – “defence in criminal proceedings”. There is lack of deeper analysis of said institution of criminal procedure law in Lithuania. For user-friendly reference, this scientific monograph is divided into two parts. The first part of the book covers the basics of defence in criminal proceedings: the discourse on defence lawyers (attorneys), the historical background and development of “professional criminal defence” in criminal proceedings, its constitutional basis, the designation, aim and functions of the defence lawyer’s participation in criminal proceedings, the defence lawyer’s relations with the key subjects of criminal procedure, the content (essence) of defence, its concept (strategy or methodology), the objectives, positions and methods of defence, as well as the general concept of the rights of the defence lawyer, and broader analysis of two rights of the defence lawyer that are relevant to defence practice: the right to meaningful access to their clients in private before, during and after the hearings or any procedural action and the right to have access to the pre-trial investigation materials and the criminal case. The second part continues the analysis of the most important rights of the defence lawyer. It discusses the defence lawyer’s right to be present during the investigative or evidence-gathering acts performed by law-enforcement authorities (e.g. interviews or searches) and procedural decisions (e.g. when remanding the defendant in custody), the right to conduct an independent investigation (to collect evidentiary data necessary for the defence) and the right (or obligation) to make a closing statement. This section also focuses on the principles of the trial (hearings) that are most important for the defence.
DECLARAR ILEGAIS OS MÉTODOS INJUSTOS DE COMPETIÇÃO COMERCIAL: A CRIAÇÃO DA FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DIREITO DA CONCORRÊNCIA BRASILEIRO - DOI: 10.12818/P.0304-2340.2024v84p117
Authors: Monteiro Diniz Davi
Published: September 2024

A Federal Trade Commission (FTC) foi criada nos Estados Unidos como uma agência reguladora independente antitrust. Este ensaio estuda as razões que levaram à criação da FTC, os problemas que se almejava solucionar com sua instituição, bem como os meios legalmente lhe disponibilizados para tanto, quando de sua criação em 1914. Com esse objetivo, analisa tanto as questões administrativas como as de combate antitrust que se colocavam aos EUA no início do século XX, com ênfase na sua dimensão jurídica. Ao final, procura demarcar em que medida tais escolhas posteriormente influenciaram o Direito brasileiro, particularmente quanto à forma atual do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), autarquia federal brasileira encarregada da defesa da concorrência.
collaborative problem-solving and citizenship education: a philosophical escape in the age of competencies
Authors: Santi Marina
Published: September 2024

Starting from the Italian results of the PISA 2015 surveys as regards the competence of young students in collaborative problem-solving, in this paper we conduct a critical analysis of the concept of competence, as seen through the lens of the Capability Approach. The Philosophy for Children curriculum is presented as a pedagogical and didactic proposal capable of re-conceptualizing the constructs of ‘problem-solving’ and ‘collaboration’. In the light of ‘Complex Thinking’ theory and the ‘community of inquiry’ classroom methodology, the general theoretical frame of the PISA and DeSeCo approach to problem-solving has been criticized for its focus on what has been defined in terms of “internal mental structures in the sense of abilities, dispositions or resources embedded in the individual”. The proposal of Philosophy for Children and its ‘community of inquiry’ methodology are considered and discussed.  This educational curriculum provides a real opportunity to rethink citizenship education by concentrating on the value and power of collective agency and the ability to wonder about our world. The pedagogical implications are significant because this means that we should be aiming to align academic education not with what society is, but with what it could or should be. To achieve this, education policies and planning actions need to focus on values and principles, on matters such as freedom, social equity and participation. These matters are not exclusive to the realms of individual endowment and performance. They have fundamental ethical and cultural components. Philosophy for Children can be considered as an opportunity to work towards the educational and political goal of creating “flourishing communities”.
KARS’TA BACASIZ FABRİKA: GASTRONOMİ TURİZMİNE RESTORAN İŞLETMECİLERİNİN BAKIŞI
Authors: Durukan Arzu , Çağdaş Rotinda
Published: September 2024

Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kars’ta gastronomi turizminin önemli unsurlarından biri olan yerel yemek ve restoran işletmecileri arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak böylece onların gastronomi turizmine nasıl baktığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla çalışma tarihsel geçmişi olan ve Yerliler (bir grubun adıdır), Azeriler, Terekemeler, Türkmenler, Malakanlar, Kürtler gibi birçok farklı grubun birlikte yaşadığı, bunun sonucu olarak kültürel zenginliğe sahip olan Kars’ta yapılmıştır. Restoranların yerel yemeklerin yapımı ve tüketimindeki rolü ve bu yerel yemeklerin gastronomi turizmi açısından tanıtılması konusundaki farkındalıklarının tespit edilmesi için niteliksel yöntemin kullanıldığı antropolojik bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada katılımcı gözlem ve derinlemesine mülakat teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak Kars Kalesinin, Baltık tarzı mimari yapıların ve bu tarihi yapıların dekore edilmesiyle kullanıma açılmış olan yöresel menüleri bulunan restoranların bulunduğu, hediyelik eşya dükkanları ve peynir/bal dükkanlarıyla turistlerin şehirde en çok vakit geçirdiği yer olan Yusufpaşa Mahallesi seçilmiştir. Bu mahallede bulunan işletme sahibi ya da işletmeci 11 kişi ile Kars’ta derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşmeler, yapılan gözlemler ve enformel görüşmeler sonucunda turizmin son dönemde Kars için neredeyse tek geçim kaynağı haline geldiği ancak bu işletmelerde nitelikli eleman sıkıntısı yaşandığı anlaşılmıştır. Gençlerin yorucu işleri tercih etmemesi, yemekleri bilen kadınların geleneksel eğilimler nedeniyle dışarda, işletmelerde çalışmaması, iklim değişiklikleri nedeniyle kış turizminin gecikmesi turist sayısının sektörün sorunları olarak görünse de işletmecilerin ve halkın turizme olumlu yaklaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenmekte olan ve halen devam eden 122G024 numaralı “Kars'ta Gastronomi Turizmine Yöre Halkının Katkısının Belirlenmesi” başlıklı projenin bir parçası olan bu alan çalışmasının görüşmeleri yöre halkıyla ve Kars’a gelen turistlerle yapılmaya devam edilecek. Proje sonucunda elde edilen veriler ayrıca yine yayın olarak hazırlanacaktır.
AİLE SOSYOLOJİSİ BAĞLAMINDA AİLE APARTMANINA GELİN OLMAK
Authors: Çetin Kılıç Merve
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yaygın olarak görülen aile apartmanı aile sosyolojisi bağlamında ele alınarak aile apartmanına gelin olan ve bu apartmanlarda yaşayan kadınların gelin olma rollerine odaklanılmıştır. Aile apartmanlarında yaşanan ilişkiler, ne köy ailesi ne de kent ailesi yaşam tarzını tek başına yansıtmayarak Türkiye örneğinde değerlendirilmesi gereken bir aile tipi olarak görülmektedir. Araştırmada öncelikle aile ile ilişkili kuramsal yaklaşımlar ve temel kavramları içeren teorik bilgeler verilmiştir. Kırıkkale, Kayseri ve Erzurum illerinde aile apartmanına gelin olan kadınlar örneğinde gerçekleştirilen, 2023 Kasım – Aralık tarihleri boyunca nitel araştırma kapsamında tasarlanan bu araştırmada veri toplama yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve gözlem tekniklerinden faydalanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile hazırlanmış sorular katılımcılara yönlendirilirken gereken yerlerde de alt sorular yöneltilerek araştırmayla ilgili kapsamlı bilgi alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle aile apartmanına gelin olan kadınların gelin olma deneyimlerine odaklanarak, kurdukları ilişkiler ve aile yapılarının anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bireysel tecrübeler ve yaşanmışlıkların anlaşılması için önceden bilinmeyen fakat araştırma sürecinde elde edilen verilerin yorumlanmasını içeren tümevarımcı yorumlayıcı metot ışığında da verilerin değerlendirilmesine gayret gösterilmiştir.
KÜLTÜRÜN DOĞUM KONTROL YÖNTEMLERİNE ETKİSİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE ERKLİK: VAZEKTOMİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Zöhre Eryılmaz Harika , Erturan Metehan
Published: September 2024

Tutum, davranış ve giderek benlik algısını biçimleyen toplumsal olarak belirlenmiş rollerin gücü özellikle [fizyolojik olarak] kadınlık ve erkeklik durumlarında açıkça ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kadına kültürel anlamda daha çok yaptırım gücü uygulayan bu ayrım, erkeğe fizyolojik özelliklerinin üstünlüğünü sağlayan bir sistem dahi oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda modern doğum kontrol yöntemlerinin dünyada 1950li yıllardan bu yana, Türkiye’de ise 1970li yıllardan bugüne uygulandığını belirtirsek, doğum kontrolündeki seçimin kadın ve erkek arasındaki toplumsal farkı da ortaya koyduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Cinsellik gibi gebelikten korunma yolları da toplumda, salt bilgi haricinde birtakım sosyokültürel getirilerle şekillenmektedir. Son elli yıldan bu yana Türkiye’de yapılmış halk bilimi içerisinde halk hekimliği çalışmalarında dikkat çekilen unsur toplumun korunma yolları ya da çocuk arzusunun inanç ve birtakım dini pratikleri iken, çalışmamızın amacı bilinçli bir biçimde seçilen -ya da seçilmeyen- doğum kontrol yöntemlerinin altında yatan sosyokültürel yapıyı incelemektir.
Erkek sterilizasyonu olarak da adlandırılan vazektomi, en kısa tanımı ile erkeğin bilinçli bir biçimde geri dönüşümsüz bir şekilde çocuk sahibi olma durumundan vazgeçmesidir. Çalışmada bu işlemin kadın sterilizasyonu ile olan oranı ve erkek sterilizasyonunun Türkiye ve ABD oranları karşılaştırılarak, Türkiye’nin bu yöntemi tercih -etmemesi- konusundaki kültürel dokusu incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın yöntemi olarak, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin gebelik ve doğum ile ilgili en etkin istatistik merkezi olan CDC (Center for Disease Control) web sitesinin veri tabanından, Türkiye’de ise Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü tarafından hazırlanan Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010 Ana Kataloğu verilerinden yararlanılmış, genelde ve özelde toplumsal cinsiyet kavramları ile erklik, erkeklik ve hegemonik erkeklik kuramları De Beauvoir, Cornell ve Butler’ın feminist teorileri üzerinden açıklanarak Türkiye’deki erklik algısı ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Study of Structural and Magnetic Properties of CuFe2O4 Tuning by Heat Treatment
Authors: Akhter Shahida , Maktum U. , Anik M.U. , Das H. N. , Hoque S.M.
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the relationship with microstructural and electromagnetic properties dependences on sintering temperature of bulk Copper ferrites synthesized by the solid state reaction method calcined at Ts 950°C, 1050°C, 1100°C and 1150°C. These properties are examined by XRD, DTA and TGA, SEM, B–H Loops Tracer, VSM and Electrometer. The affirmation of single-phase cubic spinel structured has been observed by XRD pattern for all Ts. Under the influence of heat treatment, the grain sizes escalate from 3.63 μm to 6.48 μm due to the movement of grain boundaries. Softer ferromagnetic nature of sample for all Ts has been signed by narrow hysteresis loops. The assessment of magnetic properties manifests that the saturation magnetization as well as permeability amplifies with Ts which is correlated to the increase of the grain size. Frequency dependence dielectric constant (ε′) shows the usual dielectric nature of ferromagnetic materials. The results of all these measurements clearly emphasize the effect of sintering temperature to bring a significant change in above mention properties which is a prerequisite to the materials applications.
Disfigurement and Deliverance: Eusebian Portrayals of Martyrdom and the Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne
Authors: Petitfils James M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This study examines Eusebius’s physical portrayals of martyrs, situating them within his moral and rhetorical agenda in his Ecclesiastical History . To bring the contours of his discourse into greater relief, I first compare Eusebius’s martyr portrayals with those of the Letter of the Churches of Lyons and Vienne (one of the longest ostensibly non-Eusebian martyr narratives in the History ). After noting several minor differences between the descriptions in Eusebius’s martyr stories and those populating the Letter , I highlight one significant discursive disparity: namely, the physiognomic and sartorial details in the Letter tend to emphasize the martyrs’ divine physical restoration and glorification during their ordeals, while Eusebian martyr stories place greater emphasis on the martyrs’ gruesome disfigurement. Having made a case for the Letter ’s distinct deployment of physical details—further suggesting its authorial independence from Eusebius—the remainder of the article focuses on one particular historiographic and pedagogical aim to which Eusebius deploys these grisly martyrological images: amplifying the irrationality and cruelty of persecuting imperial leaders. From the early books of the History , Eusebius frequently catalogues imperial leaders as either pious respecters of the Christians, in step with traditional Roman mores , or impious persecutors, exemplifying their irrationality and lack of imperial virtue. The mangled bodies of the martyrs adorn Eusebius’s History , I argue, at least in part as gruesome monuments to immoral, barbaric leaders. These evil exempla , in turn, provide both an effective foil for the virtuous leadership of Christian-favoring leaders and a stern moral warning for future leaders. At various points in this article, I also bring Eusebius’s earlier narrative, Martyrs of Palestine , into the conversation to demonstrate further the relative stability of Eusebius’s physiognomic portrayals of martyrs.
From Text to Relics: The Emergence of the Scribe-Martyr in Late Antique Christianity (Fourth Century–Seventh Century)
Authors: Inowlocki Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This paper delves into the conflation of two prominent figures of authority in the early Christian world: the scribe-scholar and the martyr. While previous scholarship has largely examined these figures separately, this study focuses on their association and argues that they were meaningfully combined to establish a new form of textual authority. The motif of the scribe-martyr is explored in a series of Christian texts, from Pseudo-Pionius to John Moschus and late ancient hagiographic texts, tracing its origins to the fourth century. This development emerged from the growing association between the authority of written texts as physical objects and the rise of the cult of saints and their relics. In parallel with Foucault’s concept of the author-function, a distinct Christian “scribe-function” emerged within this context, i.e., discourses of authority, fictitious or historical, involving the individuals who reproduced or corrected texts. The paper posits that the motif of the scribe-martyr was then strategically employed in legal, scholarly, and institutional contexts to express faithfulness, resistance, authorization, and legitimation. As a result, this conflation contributed significantly to the attribution of holiness and authority to texts, sacred places, and religious institutions. Thus, the scribe-martyr, connected to the revered relic-texts, assumed a particularly potent role as a figure of theological authority within late ancient Christianity.