bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: a Systematic Review
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Azahra Heramitha
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Kardiomiopati dilatasi merupakan salah satu penyebab gagal jantung, patogenesisnya sangat bervariasi, mulai dari genetik, infeksi, autoimun, dan kardiotoksin. Melakukan pemeriksaan diagnostik mengenai penyebab yang mendasari akan lebih memahami bagaimana kardiomiopati berkembang. Manajemen juga bervariasi secara signifikan sesuai dengan individu. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membahas strategi diagnosis dan manajemen penyebab yang mendasari dalam memperbaiki kardiomiopati dilatasi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih baik dan pengobatan yang optimal.

Metode: Proses pencarian artikel diakses pada tiga database elektronik, PubMed, PLOS ONE, dan Google Scholar. Data pada artikel sebelumnya terkait dengan teori dasar diagnosis dan manajemen kardiomiopati dilatasi. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian artikel jurnal adalah kardiomiopati dilatasi, gagal jantung, diagnosis, manajemen, dan genetik. Kriteria penulisan artikel ini adalah tahun publikasi dalam 2011 hingga 2021, dalam bahasa Inggris, artikel teks lengkap, dan membahas diagnosis dan manajemen kardiomiopati dilatasi.

Hasil: Diperoleh dua puluh tujuh artikel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan dibahas lebih lanjut dalam diagnosis dan pengelolaan kardiomiopati dilatasi.

Kesimpulan: Kardiomiopati dilatasi merupakan penyakit progresif pada otot jantung, terutama pembesaran dan pelebaran ventrikel. Proses penyakit ini dominan dikarenakan faktor genetik. Diagnosis kardiomiopati dilatasi tidak hanya dapat dilihat dari manifestasinya, tetapi memerlukan pencitraan dalam ekokardiografi, elektrokardiogram, resonansi magnetik kardio, pengujian genetik, dan biopsi endomiokardial. Mencapai manajemen yang optimal diperlukan untuk mencegah penurunan tingkat fraksi ejeksi, mengurangi perawatan pada pasien gagal jantung, dan mengurangi risiko kematian kardiovaskular.
Does home equity liquidation reduce older adults’ poverty rate? Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Choi Kyung-jin , Noh Sanha , Baek Ingul
Published: January 2022

We investigate relative poverty rates among older adults from a unique dataset using an actuarial method applied to a public reverse mortgage in South Korea, which liquidates home equity and converts the assets to a readily available income. We find that it increases disposable income by approximately 20 per cent on average for older adults, and the improvement is more effective in the low-income quintiles. Due to the increased income, elderly poverty rate reduces significantly by 10 percentage points to about 31 per cent. Therefore, the elderly poverty rate following the OECD standard overestimates the elderly poverty rate and could misguide welfare policies.
Othered subjects: marginalised voices of Black and South Asian mothers
Authors: Matoo Gurbax
Published: January 2022

This article explores the importance of intersectionality and critical thinking for social work students and how this paradigm can develop a more nuanced understanding of Black and South Asain mothers. By using intersectionality as a framework, we can begin to understand and problematise unequal power relations and structures that lead to marginalisation and social injustice.
Design and evaluation of a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer with flexible wave-band routing in SDM networks
Authors: Kuno Takuma , Mori Yojiro , Subramaniam Suresh , Jinno Masahiko , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is expected to increase the capacity of photonic networks. Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) for SDM-based networks must have high scalability in terms of port count. However, the ROADM architecture adopted in present networks cannot support large numbers of ports due to the limited port count of wavelength-selective switches. In this paper, we propose a ROADM architecture composed of space switches and wavelength-routing switches. Space switches have lower per-port cost than wavelength-routing switches. However, space switches cannot route optical paths on a wavelength basis, unlike wavelength-routing switches. By combining these two types of switches, the ROADM port count can be cost-effectively expanded virtually unlimitedly. Numerical simulations show the routing performance of our ROADM; they elucidate that the maximum fiber increment penalty is about 5% compared to the reference scheme. Experiments detail the transmission performance of the ROADM, where 32 Gbaud DP-4QAM/8QAM/16QAM signals are aligned on a 50 GHz grid, are examined.
High relative-intensity blue light of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Xia Qian , Bi Wanjun , Liao Meisong , Chen Liang , Wang Tianxing , Hu Lili , Gao Weiqing
Published: January 2022

A distinct blue peak at 430 nm of the supercontinuum spectrum is generated in 4.6 m photonic crystal fiber with a high air-filling ratio, which is pumped by a 200 ps pulse laser at 1 µm. The amplitude of the blue peak is higher than that of the remaining pump pulse, and the relative intensity blue light of supercontinuum generation is 114%. We have systematically analyzed the formation mechanism and influence factors of the distinct blue peak with different fiber lengths and input pulses. The experimental results show that the wavelength position of the blue peak in the supercontinuum spectrum is almost unchanged, and both the fiber length and pulse width have a great influence on the intensity of the blue peak. In addition, we have discussed the fact that the dynamic changes of the blue peak may be affected by the

∼

2200

n
m

peak through cross-phase modulation (XPM). It is possible that the high relative intensity of the blue peak in high-order modes may be originated from the XPM effect and the third-harmonic wave of the fundamental mode.
Scaling quasi-self-imaging effect based on the one-dimensional Pearcey beam
Authors: Zhan Kaiyun , Kang Xinyue , Dou Lichao , Xue Dingyuan , Liu Bing
Published: January 2022

We present a new type of self-imaging phenomenon named the scaling quasi-self-imaging effect, which is produced by adding shifted copies of the fundamental Pearcey beam. The recurrent solutions of two kinds of incident beams comprising one-dimensional ideal infinite Pearcey and apodized Gaussian Pearcey beams are found. The diffraction process is equivalent to that obtained where a disorder wave is transmitted through a “virtual” periodic grating at focusing plane; both the integer and fractional self-images of the intensity distribution on focusing plane can be induced at constant revival distance accompanied by a scaling, autofocusing, and inverse envelope propagation. The self-imaging image begins to invert after the focus plane, where the rate of scaling reaches a maximum value and a series of Gaussian-like bright spots is generated. Our theoretical predictions are numerically confirmed.
Multi-dimensional and large-sized optical phased array for space laser communication
Authors: Han Ronglei , Sun Jianfeng , Hou Peipei , Ren Weijie , Cong Haisheng , Zhang Longkun , Li Chaoyang , Jiang Yuxin
Published: January 2022

In this study, we propose a novel multi-dimensional and large-sized optical phased array theory for space laser communication that addresses the theoretical limitations of the conventional optical phased array. We theoretically analyzed the principle of this phased array technology. The results of simulation and laboratory experiment clearly showed it can realize the large scanning angle and high optical gain required for communication. The novel optical phased array theory is of great significance to the revolution of miniaturization and networking in the field of space laser communication.
Freeform optics: introduction
Authors: Falaggis Konstantinos , Rolland Jannick , Duerr Fabian , Sohn Alexander
Published: January 2022

This feature issue of Optics Express highlights 28 state-of-the-art articles that capture a snapshot of the recent developments in the field of freeform optics. As an introduction, the editors provide an overview of all published articles, which cover a broad range of topics in freeform optics. The wide variety of applications presented here demonstrates that freeform optics is a growing and vibrant field with many more innovations to come.
Accurate optically pumped magnetometer based on Ramsey-style interrogation
Authors: Hunter Dominic , Dyer Terry E. , Riis Erling
Published: January 2022

Light–atom interactions during spin preparation and readout in optically pumped magnetometers can lead to inaccuracies. We demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, detection strategy that exploits an interrogation sequence in the pulsed free-induction-decay modality to suppress these systematic errors. The technique is predicated on monitoring the dynamics of preoriented atomic spins as they evolve unperturbed during a dark interval, by subsequently applying a time-delayed optical pulse to infer the spin state’s phase. This detection mode reduced light shift inaccuracies to within 0.6 nT, and could be employed in a wide variety of high-precision atomic magnetometry experiments.
White-light-driven resonant fiber-optic gyro based on round trip filtering scheme
Authors: Zhao Shuangxiang , Liu Qingwen , Ma Huilian , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2022

As the second generation of the fiber-optic gyro (FOG), a resonant FOG (RFOG) appears as a very viable candidate for a miniaturized optical gyro. However, due to the impediment of laser-induced parasitic noise and system complexity, the actual performance of the RFOG is well below expectations. This paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, RFOG which is driven by broadband white light rather than a narrow linewidth laser. The fiber-optic ring resonator (FRR) works as a filter, and the rotation under detection is read out from the round trip loss of the FRR. The parasitic noise is effectively avoided due to the low coherence light, and the measuring resolution can be thus improved. In the experiment, a bias instability of 0.012

∘

/h is demonstrated with a 100-m fiber coil and a very simple structure. The proposed method would be a big step forward for making the RFOG practical with high performance and low cost.
Design and analysis of a highly sensitive modified square structure dual slotted single core plasmonic biosensor
Authors: Sakib Nazmus , Arafin Sumaya , Anis Zayed , Hassan Walid , Rahman Thouhidur , Fatema Tazin
Published: January 2022

In this manuscript, an immense sensitive single-core double-slotted square-shaped SPR biosensor externally coated with gold nano films is designed and critically analyzed. The sensor shows a wide range of sensing capacity between 1.41 to 1.49 RIU. Two circular slots are constructed to hold more analytes inside the slots. The sensor shows extremely sensitive behavior with the highest sensitivity of 36000nm/RIU with the maximum amplitude sensitivity of 1380 RIU−1. The maximum resolution of the sensor is 9×10−5 RIU. The sensor parameters are optimized in COMSOL Multiphysics software by observing fabrication tolerance using percentage variations of parameters. The experimental data of the proposed sensor also shows good polynomial fitting and a high figure of merit (FOM). Because of the newer structure, high sensitivity, large detection range, high stability and high resolution the proposed sensor can be a tough candidate in the realm of bio-sensing and biochemical applications.
Foraging as sampling without replacement: A Bayesian statistical model for estimating biases in target selection
Authors: Clarke Alasdair D. F. , Hunt Amelia R. , Hughes Anna E.
Published: January 2022

Foraging entails finding multiple targets sequentially. In humans and other animals, a key observation has been a tendency to forage in ‘runs’ of the same target type. This tendency is context-sensitive, and in humans, it is strongest when the targets are difficult to distinguish from the distractors. Many important questions have yet to be addressed about this and other tendencies in human foraging, and a key limitation is a lack of precise measures of foraging behaviour. The standard measures tend to be run statistics, such as the maximum run length and the number of runs. But these measures are not only interdependent, they are also constrained by the number and distribution of targets, making it difficult to make inferences about the effects of these aspects of the environment on foraging. Moreover, run statistics are underspecified about the underlying cognitive processes determining foraging behaviour. We present an alternative approach: modelling foraging as a procedure of generative sampling without replacement, implemented in a Bayesian multilevel model. This allows us to break behaviour down into a number of biases that influence target selection, such as the proximity of targets and a bias for selecting targets in runs, in a way that is not dependent on the number of targets present. Our method thereby facilitates direct comparison of specific foraging tendencies between search environments that differ in theoretically important dimensions. We demonstrate the use of our model with simulation examples and re-analysis of existing data. We believe our model will provide deeper insights into visual foraging and provide a foundation for further modelling work in this area.
The structural coverage of the human proteome before and after AlphaFold
Authors: Porta-Pardo Eduard , Ruiz-Serra Victoria , Valentini Samuel , Valencia Alfonso
Published: January 2022

The protein structure field is experiencing a revolution. From the increased throughput of techniques to determine experimental structures, to developments such as cryo-EM that allow us to find the structures of large protein complexes or, more recently, the development of artificial intelligence tools, such as AlphaFold, that can predict with high accuracy the folding of proteins for which the availability of homology templates is limited. Here we quantify the effect of the recently released AlphaFold database of protein structural models in our knowledge on human proteins. Our results indicate that our current baseline for structural coverage of 48%, considering experimentally-derived or template-based homology models, elevates up to 76% when including AlphaFold predictions. At the same time the fraction of dark proteome is reduced from 26% to just 10% when AlphaFold models are considered. Furthermore, although the coverage of disease-associated genes and mutations was near complete before AlphaFold release (69% of Clinvar pathogenic mutations and 88% of oncogenic mutations), AlphaFold models still provide an additional coverage of 3% to 13% of these critically important sets of biomedical genes and mutations. Finally, we show how the contribution of AlphaFold models to the structural coverage of non-human organisms, including important pathogenic bacteria, is significantly larger than that of the human proteome. Overall, our results show that the sequence-structure gap of human proteins has almost disappeared, an outstanding success of direct consequences for the knowledge on the human genome and the derived medical applications.
Dynamic inference of cell developmental complex energy landscape from time series single-cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Jiang Qi , Zhang Shuo , Wan Lin
Published: January 2022

Time series single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data are emerging. However, dynamic inference of an evolving cell population from time series scRNA-seq data is challenging owing to the stochasticity and nonlinearity of the underlying biological processes. This calls for the development of mathematical models and methods capable of reconstructing cellular dynamic transition processes and uncovering the nonlinear cell-cell interactions. In this study, we present GraphFP, a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation on graph based model and dynamic inference framework, with the aim of reconstructing the cell state-transition complex potential energy landscape from time series single-cell transcriptomic data. The free energy of our model explicitly takes into account of the cell-cell interactions in a nonlinear quadratic term. We then recast the model inference problem in the form of a dynamic optimal transport framework and solve it efficiently with the adjoint method of optimal control. We evaluated GraphFP on the time series scRNA-seq data set of embryonic murine cerebral cortex development. We illustrated that it 1) reconstructs cell state potential energy, which is a measure of cellular differentiation potency, 2) faithfully charts the probability flows between paired cell states over the dynamic processes of cell differentiation, and 3) accurately quantifies the stochastic dynamics of cell type frequencies on probability simplex in continuous time. We also illustrated that GraphFP is robust in terms of cluster labelling with different resolutions, as well as parameter choices. Meanwhile, GraphFP provides a model-based approach to delineate the cell-cell interactions that drive cell differentiation. GraphFP software is available at https://github.com/QiJiang-QJ/GraphFP.
Polish medical students facing the pandemic—Assessment of resilience, well-being and burnout in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Forycka Joanna , Pawłowicz-Szlarska Ewa , Burczyńska Anna , Cegielska Natalia , Harendarz Karolina , Nowicki Michał
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Recent reports indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has significant influence on medical professionals’ mental health. Strict limitations in clinical practice and social interactions within academic community, which had to be introduced, could lead to significant psychological distress in medical students. The aim of the study was to assess resilience, well-being and burnout among Polish medical students in the COVID-19 era.

Methods

The online survey consisting of validated questionnaires assessing resilience (Resilience Scale 14; RS-14), well-being (Medical Student Well-Being Index) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) as well as self-created survey concerning mental health problems, use of stimulants, SARS-CoV-2 infection, work in COVID-19 units, medical education and social attitude towards health care professionals in the pandemic era was distributed via Facebook and other online students’ platforms. 1858 MSs from all polish medical schools agreed to fill in the survey.

Results

‘Very low’, ‘low’ and ‘on the low end’ levels of resilience were found in 26%, 19.1% and 26.9% of the study group, respectively. Students with higher resilience level presented better attitude towards online and hybrid classes. 16.8% of respondents stated that they worked, currently work or plan to work voluntarily at the pandemic frontline. In terms of burnout, these respondents presented lower exhaustion (p = 0.003) and cynicism (p = 0.02), and higher academic efficacy (p = 0.002). That group also showed greater resilience (p = 0.046). The SARS-CoV-2 infection among respondents, their relatives and friends did not influence the results. 39.1% of respondents declared the need of the psychological or psychiatric consultation in relation to pandemic challenges. 231 (26.4%) participants previously diagnosed with mental health disorders noticed worsening of their symptoms. Increased intake of alcohol, cigarettes or other stimulants was noticed by 340 (28.6%) respondents. 80.2% of respondents thought that social aversion and mistrust towards doctors increased during the pandemic and part of them claimed it affected their enthusiasm toward medical career.

Conclusions

The majority of medical students presented low levels of resilience and high burnout at the time of pandemic. Providing necessary support especially in terms of mental health and building up the resilience of this vulnerable group seems crucial to minimize harm of current pandemic and similar future challenges.
General practitioners and sales representatives: Why are we so ambivalent?
Authors: Barbaroux Adriaan , Pourrat Isabelle , Bouchez Tiphanie
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Accepting gifts from pharmaceutical sales representatives (sales reps) or meeting them is correlated with excessive, more expensive and sometimes less rational prescribing. French general practitioners (GPs) tend to hold an unfavorable opinion of the pharmaceutical industry, yet the behavior they adopt with sales reps is generally favorable. Until now, no study has sought to explain the reasons for this discrepancy. This study explores GP experiences to better understand their ambivalent behavior.

Method

This qualitative descriptive study was based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews with French GPs in the south-east of France. An interpretative phenomenological approach was chosen to explore individual professional practices and to model the phenomenon through in-depth analysis of semi-structured interviews. A general inductive analysis was carried out. Data were analyzed by researchers from different disciplines (psychology, sociology and general practice).

Results

Ten GPs were interviewed for an average of 50 minutes. The analysis revealed three forces that combine to motivate GPs to keep meeting sales reps despite their unfavorable opinion of these visits: practical reasons such as the need for a substitute for continuing education; social and cultural reasons such as courtesy towards representatives; and psychological mechanisms such as cognitive dissonance and a hidden curriculum.

Discussion

The GP-representative relationship is complex and involves psychological mechanisms that the medical profession often fails to recognize. GPs use reps as a convenient tool for continuing education, particularly in the setting of a private practice where GPs feel pressed for time. Cognitive dissonance is a well-supported theory in social psychology that explains how a person maintains a behavior while having an unfavorable opinion of it. Since GP meetings with sales reps start during their internship, they could also be considered as part of a hidden curriculum. The strength of this work is to combine medical, social psychological and sociological perspectives with the original interpretative phenomenological approach. When the veil is lifted on individual ambivalence, the questions raised are more social and political than individual.
The effects of magainin 2-derived and rationally designed antimicrobial peptides on Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Hayashi Katsuhiko , Misawa Takashi , Goto Chihiro , Demizu Yosuke , Hara-Kudo Yukiko , Kikuchi Yutaka
Published: January 2022

Combating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria requires a new class of antimicrobials, which desirably have a narrow spectrum because of their low propensity for the spread of AMR. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which target the bacterial cell membrane, are promising seeds for novel antimicrobials because the cell membrane is essential for all cells. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial and haemolytic effects of a natural AMP, magainin 2 (Mag2), isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis (the African clawed frog), four types of synthesised Mag2 derivatives, and three types of rationally designed AMPs on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. To identify novel antimicrobial seeds, we evaluated the effect of AMPs on Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which also exhibits AMR. We also evaluated the antimicrobial effects of an AMP, NK2A, which has been reported to have antimicrobial effects on Mycoplasma bovis, in addition to Mag2 and previously synthesised seven AMPs, on four strains of M. pneumoniae using colorimetric, biofilm, and killing assays. We found that three synthesised AMPs, namely 17base-Ac6c, 17base-Hybrid, and Block, had anti-M. pneumoniae (anti-Mp) effect at 8–30 μM, whereas others, including NK2A, did not have any such effect. For the further analysis, the membrane disruption activities of AMPs were measured by propidium iodide (PI) uptake assays, which suggested the direct interaction of AMPs to the cell membrane basically following the colorimetric, biofilm, and killing assay results. PI uptake assay, however, also showed the NK2A strong interaction to cell membrane, indicating unknown anti-Mp determinant factors related to the peptide sequences. Finally, we conclude that anti-Mp effect was not simply determined by the membrane disruption activities of AMPs, but also that the sequence of AMPs were important for killing of M. pneumoniae. These findings would be helpful for the development of AMPs for M. pneumoniae.
Critical evaluation of in situ analyses for the characterisation of red pigments in rock paintings: A case study from El Castillo, Spain
Authors: Dayet Laure , d’Errico Francesco , García Diez Marcos , Zilhão João
Published: January 2022

Paint technology, namely paint preparation and application procedures, is an important aspect of painting traditions. With the expansion of archaeometric studies andin situnon-destructive analytical methods, a renewal of technological studies is being observed in rock art.In situanalyses have several limitations that are widely discussed in the literature, however. It is not yet clear whether they provide accurate information on paint technology, except under certain conditions. Here, we evaluated digital microscopic and pXRFin situanalyses for the characterisation of a large set of red and yellow paintings from the El Castillo cave, Cantabria, Spain. We have set experiments and used statistical methods to identify differences between paint components and determine factors impacting pXRF measurements. We found that the compositional heterogeneity of the paintings’ environment, especially variations in secondary deposits, was responsible for most of the differences observed between the pXRF signals recorded on the paintings. We concluded that the El Castillo cave environment is not suitable for non-destructive technological studies, but that more favourable contexts might exist. Following previous works and our own results, we advocate a combination of bothin situand laboratory invasive analyses for the study of paint composition and paint technology. Our research protocol, based on the comparison of rock paintings, their substrate, experimental paintings and Fe-normalisation of the signals can improve the reliability of pXRF results. We also propose to include more systematic characterisation of rock wall heterogeneity and the use of microscopic analyses in non-destructive approaches.
Coverage-guided differential testing of TLS implementations based on syntax mutation
Authors: Pan Yan , Lin Wei , He Yubo , Zhu Yuefei
Published: January 2022

Transport layer security (TLS) protocol is the most widely used security protocol in modern network communications. However, protocol vulnerabilities caused by the design of the network protocol or its implementation by programmers emerge one after another. Meanwhile, various versions of TLS protocol implementations exhibit different behavioral characteristics. Researchers are attempting to find the differences in protocol implementations based on differential testing, which is conducive to discovering the vulnerabilities. This paper provides a solution to find the differences more efficiently by targeting the TLS protocol handshake process. The differences of different implementations during the fuzzing process, such as code coverage and response data, are taken to guide the mutation of test cases, and the seeds are mutated based on the TLS protocol syntax. In addition, the definition of duplicate discrepancies is theoretically explored to investigate the root cause of the discrepancies and to reduce the number of duplicate cases that are caused by the same reason. Besides, the necessary conditions for excluding duplicate cases are further analyzed to develop the deduplication strategy. The proposed method is developed based on open-source tools, i.e., NEZHA and TLS-diff. Three types of widely used TLS protocol implementations, i.e., OpenSSL, BoringSSL, and LibreSSL, are taken for experimental testing. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the ability to find differences between different implementations. Under the same test scale or the same time, the amount of discrepancies increases by about 20% compared to TLS-diff, indicating the effectiveness of the deduplication strategy.
Experimental investigation of the creep behaviour of remoulded loess under different levels of compactness
Authors: Tang Hao , Luo Jinzhi , Duan Zhao , Wang Dongpo , Qi Shengwen
Published: January 2022

Generally, a loess high fill project will undergo a time-dependent deformation and settlement process for a long time after the initial fill. Understanding the creeping behaviour of compacted loess is an important part of determining the stability of a compacted loess foundation. To study the creep behaviour of remoulded loess under different levels of compactness, we performed triaxial shear and triaxial creep tests using Q2 loess specimens obtained from the new district of Yan’an city. Based on laboratory test results, the triaxial shear and creep characteristics of remoulded loess under different levels compactness are summarised. The regularity of instantaneous strain, creep strain, total accumulated strain and initial shear modulus were analysed and the relationship between the compactness and long-term strength of remoulded loess is provided. It was found that the remoulded loess becomes harder and its long-term strength increases with an increase in compactness. Furthermore, we propose a new creep model (HD), based on the hardening-damage mechanism, and have derived one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) creep equations based on this new creep model. This new creep model is flexible enough to fit the typical creep test curves of remoulded loess, while perfectly describing the tertiary creep stage. Finally, the sensitivity of the HD creep model parameters was analysed; the results indicate that the parameters denoted as α, γ, and β significantly affect the morphological changes and various stage characteristics are represented by the creep curve.
Molecular perturbations in pulmonary tuberculosis patients identified by pathway-level analysis of plasma metabolic features
Authors: Phuoc Long Nguyen , Heo Da Young , Park Seongoh , Thi Hai Yen Nguyen , Cho Yong-Soon , Shin Jae-Gook , Oh Jee Youn , Kim Dong-Hyun
Published: January 2022

Insight into the metabolic biosignature of tuberculosis (TB) may inform clinical care, reduce adverse effects, and facilitate metabolism-informed therapeutic development. However, studies often yield inconsistent findings regarding the metabolic profiles of TB. Herein, we conducted an untargeted metabolomics study using plasma from 63 Korean TB patients and 50 controls. Metabolic features were integrated with the data of another cohort from China (35 TB patients and 35 controls) for a global functional meta-analysis. Specifically, all features were matched to a known biological network to identify potential endogenous metabolites. Next, a pathway-level gene set enrichment analysis-based analysis was conducted for each study and the resulting p-values from the pathways of two studies were combined. The meta-analysis revealed both known metabolic alterations and novel processes. For instance, retinol metabolism and cholecalciferol metabolism, which are associated with TB risk and outcome, were altered in plasma from TB patients; proinflammatory lipid mediators were significantly enriched. Furthermore, metabolic processes linked to the innate immune responses and possible interactions between the host and the bacillus showed altered signals. In conclusion, our proof-of-concept study indicated that a pathway-level meta-analysis directly from metabolic features enables accurate interpretation of TB molecular profiles.
Health human resources challenges during COVID-19 pandemic; evidence of a qualitative study in a developing country
Authors: Yusefi Ali Reza , Sharifi Mehrdad , Nasabi Narjes sadat , Rezabeigi Davarani Esmat , Bastani Peivand
Published: January 2022

Background

One of the main forthcoming challenges of healthcare systems against preparedness and management of the pandemic is the challenge of procurement and recruitment of the human resources. This study is aimed to explore the health human resources challenges during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

Methods

This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in 2020. The study population includes all the Iranian human resources managers affiliated in Universities of Medical Sciences, hospitals and health centers managers and the health networks managers all over the country. 23 participants were included via purposeful sampling considering the inclusion criteria and were interviewed individually. After 23 semi-structured interviews, data were saturated. Then the data were analyzed through content analysis approach applying MAXQDA10.

Results

Three main themes of “organizational challenges”, “legal challenges”, and “personal challenges” were explored as the main challenges of health human resources management during COVID-19. On the one hand, organizational challenges include restricted financial resources, compensation discrimination, staffing distinction points, imbalance in the workload, weak organizational coordination, inefficient inter-sectoral relationships, parallel decisions, inefficient distribution of the human resources, lack of applied education, lack of integrated health protocols, lack of appropriate evaluation of performance, employee turnover, lack of clear approaches for staffing, and shortage of specialized manpower, and on the other hand, the personal challenges include insufficient knowledge of the employees, psychological disorders, reduction of self-confidence, burnout, workload increase, reduced level of job satisfaction, effects of colleague and patients bereavement and unsafety sense against the work place. Finally, the legal challenges that mostly related to the governments laws and regulations include lack of protocols for continuous supportive services, inappropriate approaches and instructions for teleworking, and lack of alternative plans and regulations for the human resources.

Conclusion

Organizational, legal and personal challenges are among three main challenges of health human resources management during COVID-19 pandemic. Serious attention to these challenges should be considered by health policymakers in order to be prepared for facing new probable outbreaks and managing the present condition. The integrated comprehensive planning of human resources management for COVID-19 along with supportive packages for the personnel can be helpful.
Langerhans cells and cDC1s play redundant roles in mRNA-LNP induced protective anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses
Authors: Ndeupen Sonia , Bouteau Aurélie , Herbst Christopher , Qin Zhen , Jacobsen Sonya , Powers Nicholas E. , Hutchins Zachary , Kurup Drishya , Diba Leila Zabihi , Watson Megan , Ramage Holly , Igyártó Botond Z.
Published: January 2022

Nucleoside modified mRNA combined with Acuitas Therapeutics’ lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) has been shown to support robust humoral immune responses in many preclinical animal vaccine studies and later in humans with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We recently showed that this platform is highly inflammatory due to the LNPs’ ionizable lipid component. The inflammatory property is key to support the development of potent humoral immune responses. However, the mechanism by which this platform drives T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and humoral immune responses remains unknown. Here we show that lack of Langerhans cells or cDC1s neither significantly affected the induction of PR8 HA and SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific Tfh cells and humoral immune responses, nor susceptibility towards the lethal challenge of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. However, the combined deletion of these two DC subsets led to a significant decrease in the induction of PR8 HA and SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific Tfh cell and humoral immune responses. Despite these observed defects, these mice remained protected from lethal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 challenges. We further found that IL-6, unlike neutrophils, was required to generate normal Tfh cells and antibody responses, but not for protection from influenza challenge.

In summary, here we bring evidence that the mRNA-LNP platform can support the induction of protective immune responses in the absence of certain innate immune cells and cytokines.
Fashioning Chinese feminism: Representations of women in the art history of modern China
Authors: Wang Shuchen
Published: January 2022

Artworks record history. The images of women’s fashion and beauty presented in the art history of modern China illustrate explicitly the challenging, changing and circuitous development of women’s rights and feminism in the country. In this study, I analyse and contextualize the most widespread representations of Chinese ‘modern women’s fashion’: (1) the geisha-like ladies of news illustrations before the 1911 Revolution, (2) the poster-calendar girls in the republican aesthetics of an early commercial society, (3) the papercutting folk art that profiles ‘half the sky’ in the uniform aesthetics of Marxist–Leninist–Maoist propaganda, (4) the gender-specific art themes and materials applied by female artists after the opening-up policy and (5) the feminist art in the Chinese contemporary art world. The resulting analysis helps to elucidate the interconnections among fashion, art and women’s status in China, in pursuit of modernity, the radical expansion of western colonization, domestic political turmoil and, in particular, longstanding patriarchal cultural norms and values.
Crossing Gender Boundaries: Fashion to Create, Disrupt and Transcend, Andrew Reilly and Ben Barry (eds) (2020)
Authors: Bradley Lauren
Published: January 2022

Review of: Crossing Gender Boundaries: Fashion to Create, Disrupt and Transcend, Andrew Reilly and Ben Barry (eds) (2020)

Bristol: Intellect Ltd, 225 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-153-5, h/bk, $106.50
Golgota: revaluación de un género, el teatro ecuestre
Authors: Frayssinet Savy Corinne
Published: January 2022

Golgota (2013) es el tercer espectáculo del jinete francés, coreógrafo, director y cineasta Bartabas que se desarrolla en un escenario de teatro. Abandonar el espacio circular del circo para el escenario del teatro obliga al trabajo ecuestre a la economía del gesto en la concentración de las energías. Este cambio permite explorar las relaciones entre la danza y el adiestramiento propio del teatro ecuestre, que ya fueron esbozadas en las dos creaciones anteriores de Bartabas, Entr’aperçu (2004-2005) y Le Centaure et l’animal (2011-2012). Pero en la música completa de Golgota esta dualidad se manifiesta con las polifonías de Tomás Luis de Victoria, replanteadas por el cantante Christophe Baska, el tañedor de laúd Marc Wolff y el de corneta Adrien Mabire. En Golgota, se reconsideran las identidades estéticas de los tres géneros presentes. Resueltan preguntas en este experimento artístico: ¿cómo el universo sonoro de Tomás Luis de Victoria estructura la narración en esta nueva proposición artística?, ¿qué inspira al jinete Bartabas y al bailaor-coreógrafo de flamenco Andrés Marín para que su arte sea una experiencia ritual inédita?
Carmen y el color local de España: orientalismo, gitanos y bailes
Authors: Plaza Orellana Rocío
Published: January 2022

En este artículo analizamos la evolución de tres rasgos escénicos de la ópera Carmen de Bizet: el orientalismo, los gitanos y el baile español. Las acotaciones del libreto y la escenografía de sus primeras representaciones son el resultado de la evolución de aspectos que comenzaron a desarrollarse en las principales escenas parisinas a partir de 1820. Los decorados y la indumentaria se convirtieron en los recursos plásticos que crearon el color local español en la escena parisina. Unos elementos escénicos que se pusieron al servicio del ballet a principios del siglo xix y que tendrían su difusión en la literatura de viajes a partir de 1840.
Glocalización y uso del espacio en las adaptaciones cinematográficas surcoreanas de obras literarias extranjeras. Los casos de Burning y La Doncella
Authors: Trigo Maldonado Alvaro
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo analiza las estrategias narrativas utilizadas en dos adaptaciones surcoreanas al cine de obras literarias extranjeras. Las obras seleccionadas han sido los thrillers psicológicos Burning (Lee Changdong, 2018) y La doncella (Park Chan-wook, 2016) basados en obras literarias de Haruki Murakami y Sarah Waters respectivamente. A lo largo del ensayo se pone especial énfasis en la utilización de los espacios y los cambios narrativos para contextualizar la forma en que estos dos nuevos productos resultantes continúan articulándose en torno a un enfoque glocalizador que apela a la identidad colectiva de los coreanos dando así continuidad a una estrategia de consumer nationalism muy ligada tanto al desarrollo de la industria cinematográfica surcoreana como al de su nacionalismo. También se argumentará la manera en que las dos películas que surgen de lo que podríamos denominar traducción cultural no se limitan a una imitación de los materiales de origen, sino que añaden diversas dimensiones y profundidad nuevas convirtiéndose en obras de pleno derecho.
Hacia una nueva canción de soledad: copla flamenca y canción española
Authors: María Luna Inés
Published: January 2022

La visión intimista de lo popular que muestran los poetas románticos y modernistas convierte la copla flamenca en una nueva canción de soledad. Esta nace como expresión verdaderamente romántica, con características de la poesía moderna y del arte de fin de siglo. Configurada por el modernismo, manifiesta más tarde una gran influencia en la canción orquestada de los años veinte y contribuye a transformar el cuplé, de tradición decimonónica, en una nueva canción andaluza. Se desarrolla un camino de estilización que culmina en la canción española de los años treinta, con el protagonismo de Rafael de León. Desde presupuestos filológicos y estéticos analizamos en este artículo cómo la canción española es heredera de la concepción espiritual de la copla flamenca y de la cultura flamenca generada por el modernismo.
Literatura, música flamenca y artes escénicas: comparatismo interdisciplinar y traducción de códigos
Authors: Escobar Borrego Francisco Javier , Gallardo-Saborido Emilio J.
Published: January 2022

En los estudios especializados en flamenco, sobresale, por su presencia y notoriedad, una línea de investigación circunscrita a la traducción e intersección de códigos estéticos entre literatura, música y artes escénicas. En este sentido, el análisis técnico a la luz del comparatismo interdisciplinar resulta un vehículo metodológico óptimo para comprender las múltiples aristas que tan complejo objeto de estudio poliédrico y reticular atesora. Por tales razones, los avances y aportes epistemológicos y gnoseológicos que se ofrecen en el presente monográfico, respecto al estado de la cuestión, arrojan luz, en fin, sobre nuevos caminos y senderos no hollados a efectos de perspectivas críticas.
Mitos románticos en docentes en formación de España y Latinoamérica
Authors: Bonilla-Algovia Enrique , Rivas-Rivero Esther
Published: January 2022

El objetivo ha sido estudiar los mitos románticos en una muestra de 2798 docentes en formación de España y Latinoamérica, así como analizar la relación entre los mitos y las creencias distorsionadas sobre los roles y la violencia de género. El estudio utiliza una metodología cuantitativa y un diseño transversal. Los resultados muestran que los constructos están relacionados, y que la aceptación de los mitos románticos varía significativamente entre hombres y mujeres y entre países.
Comparison of three progesterone quantification methods using blood samples drawn from bitches during the periovulatory phase
Authors: Hussein Hassan A. , Schuler Gerhard , Conze Theresa , Wehrend Axel
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Measuring blood progesterone (P4) concentration has become an essential diagnostic tool in small animal reproductive medicine. Methods enabling precise and rapid on-site measurements are in high demand, especially for the optimization of breeding management in bitches. This study aimed to compare two commercial on-site methods (Speed™ P4, Virbac [M1] and mini VIDAS®, bioMérieux [M2]) and a well-established radioimmunoassay (RIA), which was used as a reference method.

Materials and Methods: Comparative measurements were performed on 52 blood serum samples collected from 45 clinically healthy bitches of different breeds. The dogs had been presented to determine the estrus cycle stage and predict the time of ovulation. Each sample was divided into three aliquots. In aliquot 1, P4 was measured immediately applying M2. Aliquots 2 and 3 were stored at –20°C until analysis was performed using RIA and M1. The consistency of the three methods was investigated by pairwise linear regression analyses.

Results: In RIA, the P4 concentrations ranged between 1.1 and 25.4 ng/mL. Regression analyses revealed highly significant (p<0.0001) positive correlations between the three methods applied (M1 vs. RIA: R=0.94; M2 vs. RIA: R=0.98; and M1 vs. M2: R=0.91).

Conclusion: The results show that the two commercial on-site methods tested exhibit approximately equal, high consistency with the radioimmunological reference method and can, therefore, be used beneficially in a clinical setting. However, biological interpretation of data must be performed in a method-specific manner.
Kapita Selekta Citraleka Desain 2021: Desain pada Era New Normal
Authors:   STMIK STIKOM Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 membuat aktivitas lumpuh di berbagai sektor karena terdapat pembatasan kegiatan. Salah satu sektor yang terdampak adalah industri kreatif. Para pekerja kreatif seperti desainer, fotografer, dan arsitek tentu juga memiliki tantangan. Terlebih lagi, persaingan kini tidak hanya muncul dari orang yang menekuni bidang yang sama, tetapi juga dari orang yang sedang mencari peruntungan. Menjawab hal itu, buku ini menjelaskan tantangan, persoalan, dan solusi yang dimiliki oleh para pekerja kreatif. Oleh karena itu, buku ini memiliki tiga topik besar, di antaranya dialektika desain dalam kebudayaan, dialektika desain dalam realitas, serta dialektika desain dalam seni dan teknologi. Ketiga topik tersebut sangat relevan dengan bidang keilmuan yang juga terdampak oleh pandemi. Buku ini dapat dinikmati oleh pembaca yang penasaran dengan bidang keilmuan desain yang sangat dinamis. Selain itu, buku dari perspektif tiga belas penulis ini memberikan perspektif baru. Para penulis—yang sangat ahli di bidang desain—telah meramu berbagai ide dan gagasan terkait pekerja kreatif yang mereka miliki dengan sangat apik.