bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Voice. By Yolanda D. Heman-Ackah, et al.
Authors: Austin Stephen F
Published: October 2018

The Voice: A Medical Guide for Achieving and Maintaining a Healthy Voice. By Yolanda D. Heman-Ackah, Robert T. Sataloff, and Mary J Hawkshaw. Published by Science & Medicine, Narberth PA, May 2013. 166 pages, color (paperback). ISBN 978-0-9758862-4-3.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 66
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: October 2018

Installment no. 66
The Psychological Benefits from Reconceptualizing Music-Making as Mindfulness Practice
Authors: Steinfeld Matthew , Brewer Judson
Published: October 2018

While the music psychology and education literatures have devoted considerable attention to how musical instrumentalists practice their instruments, less formal scholarly attention has been given in consideration of what it means to maintain a musical “practice” over time
and across context. In this paper, the practice of mindfulness meditation is used as heuristic, arguing for a view of mindfulness meditation as a formalized de-specialization of the infinite number of other activities with which people can achieve mindfulness. Sitting meditation, requiring
of one to observe the contents of their mind unmediated, can serve as a useful model for the musician in understanding the phenomenology of the music-making process and the “flow” states that can result from an embodied musical practice. Finally, reconceptualizing music-making
as a mindfulness practice is considered with psychological and pedagogical implications relevant for developing musicians.
Facial and Lingual Strength and Endurance in Skilled Trumpet Players
Authors: Potter Nancy L , Johnson Lauren R , Johnson Stephen E , VanDam Mark
Published: October 2018

Trumpet players produce and manipulate sound through their instrument by articulating the lips, cheeks, and tongue to create a proper airflow. These sustained muscle contractions may result in increased facial and lingual strength and endurance. The purpose of this study was to determine
if adult trumpet players who practice at least 6 hrs/wk differed from adult non-trumpet-playing controls in strength and endurance of the lips, cheeks, and tongue. Methods: This case-control study involved 16 trumpet players, 16 healthy controls balanced for age and sex, and 1 trumpet player
25 years post-Bell’s palsy. Strength and endurance of lip, cheek, and tongue muscles were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI Medical, Redmond, WA). Maximum strength was the greatest pressure value of three encouraged trials. Endurance was the length of time the
participant was able to sustain 50% of maximum strength. Results: The findings indicate that trumpet players had greater facial strength and endurance, which was objectively quantified using commercially available equipment. The trumpet players had greater cheek strength and greater lip endurance
than controls. Tongue strength and endurance did not differ between the trumpet players and controls. Tongue strength was negatively associated with age, which is consistent with previous studies. The trumpet player with a history of Bell’s palsy had decreased cheek strength and endurance
on his affected side compared to his unaffected side, although this difference was comparable to the differences between right and left cheek strength in trumpet players without a history of facial nerve damage.
THE OVERVIEW OF INVESTIGATION IN THE FIELD OF BANKNOTE DESIGN FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE
Authors: Kyrychok Andrii
Published: October 2018

This essay aims to elaborate the technology when it comes to banknote making for visually impaired members of the society. The visually impaired are divided in three subgroups: color-blind, partially sighted and blind people. Their first needs are useful denomination features rather than security features, as they help them in determining a banknote’s value. This study provides a historical overview of banknote design features for the visually impaired. Furthermore, it looks into the methodology of banknote tests for the color-blind, showing images of how the color-blind experience the euro banknotes. Two features are needed for every subgroup of the visually impaired to establish the banknote’s value; one is not reliable. These two features are dedicated firstly to the relevant user group, but will also be used by others, including people with normal vision.
NON-TRADITIONAL CALCULATIONS OF ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS: PART 1. MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
Authors: Filippenko Igor
Published: October 2018

Different computational systems are a set of functional units and processors that can work together and exchange data with each other if required. In most cases, data transmission is organized in such a way that enables for the possibility of connecting each node of the system to the other node of the system. Thus, a computer system consists of components for performing arithmetic operations, and an integrated data communication system, which allows for information interaction between the nodes, and combines them into a single unit. When designing a given type of computer systems, problems might occur if:

– computing nodes of the system cannot simultaneously start and finish data processing over a certain time interval;

– procedures for processing data in the nodes of the system do not start and do not end at a certain time;

– the number of computational nodes of the inputs and outputs of the system is different.

This article proposes an unconventional approach to constructing a mathematical model of adaptive-quantum computation of arithmetic operations of multiplication and division using the principle of predetermined random self-organization proposed by Ashby in 1966, as well as the method of the dynamics of averages and of the adaptive system of integration of the system of logical-differential equations for the dynamics of number-average states of particles S1, S2 of sets. This would make it easier to solve some of the problems listed above.
COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DISSEMINATION OF SURFACE POLLUTION IN HYDROTECHNICAL RAMPARTS
Authors: Vergunova Iryna
Published: October 2018

The conducted researches served as the basis for obtaining difference scheme for numerical realization of the two-dimensional model of mass transfer of a pollutant in the aeration zone of the soil of the agrolandscape with a piecewise smooth surface under the condition of instantaneous deposition of the pollutant onto the surface (as an example, Cs137 was taken as a pollutant on the basis of its passive behavior in the ground and the availability in the considered ground areas of agricultural uses due to the Chernobyl accident).

The properties of differential operators of the model and their difference analogues were studied, which allowed to substantiate the cost-effective difference scheme for the numerical solution of the problem of pollutant migration for given agrolandscape. The correctness and efficiency of the constructed two-layer implicit difference scheme is shown. This allowed to switch to the use of a chain of one-dimensional implicit tasks, in which the transition from one layer to another occurs in two steps. Obtained general computing costs allowed to assert that the proposed schemes are cost-effective difference schemes.

In turn, the use of an economical difference scheme made it possible to construct a method for the practical determination of the presence of a process of water erosion in the system of hydraulic rampart-terrace.
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF LOGISTIC FLOWS
Authors: Kravchenko Olga , Danchenko Elena , Martynenko Sergii
Published: October 2018

The process of managing logistics flows is one of the main factors influencing the increase of economic efficiency of production and sales.

The development of logistics information systems is a broad niche in the IT field. Application of logistic information systems in the process of management allows you to save money both on wages by the number of employees, and to accelerate the management process in a time interval.

Ukraine is the leading country for grain exports. Issues of grain transportation management are considered as an alternative to manual control.

The article will discuss issues related to the application of the designed information system "Logistics transportation" to develop an optimal plan for transportation of grain, which clarifies existing models of logistics flows management.

To solve the problem, the authors analyzed the existing methods of managing logistic flows: direct methods (northwest method, least cost method, potential method) and methods based on additional calculations. A mathematical model of the problem of logistic flow management is constructed. The initiation solution is executed on the basis of the potentials method with additional conditions implemented in the network representation. The advantage of the used method is that the resulting reference plan is close to optimal computing. Although direct methods get the initial reference plan very quickly, but it is far from optimal. The clarification of the solution of the problem occurs through a block of logical rules.

Practical verification of data is carried out on the example of Agrarian firm "Zernotreyd". During the verification, it was found that the chosen management method leads to an increase in efficiency by 4 %.
Actualidad filosófica de Theodor W. Adorno a través de su relectura crítica
Authors: Almanza Loaiza Tulia
Published: October 2018

Son numerosos los aportes a la filosofía por parte Theodor W. Adorno para el esclarecimiento de las sociedades actuales. En este artículo se enfatizará en la perspectiva de José Antonio Zamora con respecto a la propuesta de Adorno y Horkheimer, en cuanto a su análisis estructural sobre la dominación en el libro Dialéctica de la Ilustración1. Zamora resalta que Adorno y Horkheimer encuentran que la teoría del conocimiento es también una crítica a la sociedad pues, cuando el sujeto domina la naturaleza, por medio de la técnica, la dominación del mundo será al mismo tiempo del conocimiento y de la propia subjetividad. Si la crítica a la Ilustración y la formación moral del sujeto están ligadas en el dominio técnico sobre la naturaleza, es necesario desentrañar cómo este dominio termina revirtiéndose sobre sí mismo, es decir, en un olvido de sí mismo que puede llevar a la violencia. Ante la omisión de la propia historia del sujeto que la Ilustración pretende, se ha iniciado un debate en torno a la relación entre memoria e historia, que abre una perspectiva que José Antonio Zamora resalta como la perspectiva de las víctimas. El debate con la historia permite observar los efectos del dominio técnico de la era industrial que genera víctimas, no solo en las confrontaciones bélicas, sino mediante la violencia administrada. Este debate abre también una perspectiva en la ética y en la justicia, que permita entender cómo la producción masiva de víctimas, más allá de la confrontación bélica, pueda convertirse en una cualidad de la sociedad.
Enjeu éthique d’une ontologie de la différence. La situation de handicap comme question sociale et politique
Authors: Poché Fred
Published: October 2018

Qu’est-ce que regarder autrui? Comment échapper aux tendances classificatrices qui nous conduisent à l’enfermer dans une identité figée ou négative; a fortiori, quand il se trouve en situation de handicap? Comment articuler, d’un point de vue éthique, le nécessaire diagnostic de la souffrance d’autrui avec le respect du caractère insondable et dynamique de sa singularité? La présente contribution aborde ce faisceau de questions en commençant par proposer de distinguer la différence, l’altérité et le divers. Une telle précision conceptuelle cherche à mieux penser le problème du respect d’autrui en l’inscrivant dans une tension dialectique entre la visée d’objectivation et le souci de l’accueil de son unicité. Dans un second temps, l’auteur souligne les limites du vocable «fragile», ou «vulnérable», constamment utilisés, aujourd’hui, pour qualifier les personnes vivant dans des conditions de grande «précarité» ou «en situation de handicap». Cette analyse, permet, enfin, de penser une certaine philosophie du regard capable de redéfinir la politique. Il s’agit plus précisément d’appréhender le rapport entre handicap et citoyenneté à partir, non plus des failles ou des manques, mais en prenant au sérieux la capacité des individus.
The emergence of suffering self. A study about lists and social structures in the Antiquity
Authors: Carbullanca Núñez César
Published: October 2018

This article adopt the perspective of de Sciences of religion for to show the existence of the literary genre of lists in Antiquity and Palestine during the post-exile, which were used to systematize and legitimize ideologically certain groups or interests religious-cultural. In Antiquity, there are lists of gods, angels, and kings. In this context, we find in late Judaism, upon the return from exile, other propheticeschatological lists in which marginal individuals are transformed into political persons. This show a revolutionary change in relation to the Greco-Roman secular context, that is, the emergence in propheticapocalyptic texts of lists of marginal subjects that begin to occupy a literary-social space.
Reseña Bonilla Morales, Jaime Laurence. Educación Religiosa Escolar en perspectiva de complejidad
Authors: Méndez Paniagua Ivonne Adriana
Published: October 2018

Reseña Bonilla Morales, Jaime Laurence. Educación Religiosa Escolar en perspectiva de complejidad. Bogotá: Editorial Bonaventuriana, 2015
Las luchas por el reconocimiento dinamizan el derecho y la política en los Estados democráticos constitucionales: a propósito de Habermas y Honneth
Authors: Carrasquilla Ospina Jesús
Published: October 2018

Las luchas por el reconocimiento dinamizan el derecho y la política, es algo casi incuestionable. Habermas y Honneth son dos referentes intelectuales en este asunto y herederos cada uno a su manera de la Teoría Crítica. El primero postula que los principios forjados en la Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa adquieren un mayor sentido de aplicación en su obra Facticidad y validez en tanto permite abordar los conflictos propios de las democracias constitucionales en sus múltiples matices. Esto se explica al entender cómo funciona la misma democracia y lo que ella implica al reconocer el poder comunicativo de la palabra en cuanto se expresa en promover la participación, la discusión pública, el empoderamiento de los ciudadanos hacia una praxis vinculante, cuyo fin es el de orientar la acción política para alcanzar una mejor convivencia. El segundo, sin negar su relación con Habermas, trata de ir más allá de él para afirmar una libertad social, que se construye en interacción con los otros y está más enfocado en comprender la gramática moral de los conflictos sociales. Su perspectiva privilegia más la lucha social de sujetos que tienen una conciencia de injusticia y que valoran globalmente acciones e instituciones, leídas en clave de reconocimiento, y este reconocimiento integral puede ser entendido como justicia. Según Habermas, el derecho ensambla la lucha social, pero no agota la lucha, puesto que las injusticias continúan, la lucha por la libertad no puede ser detenida; pues esta lucha por el reconocimiento termina siendo el fundamento último de la democracia.
Lectura teológica del derecho a la salud sexual. Desde la experiencia de un grupo de mujeres que vive con vih
Authors: Meza Rueda José Luis
Published: October 2018

El drama de las mujeres que viven y conviven con vih está llamado a constituirse en un lugar teológico, no solo porque Dios habla a través de las palabras y hechos que acontecen en él, sino por su potencial liberador y salvador para los sujetos implicados, quienes al tomar conciencia de su situación demandan la salvaguarda de sus derechos y, de manera especial, del derecho a la salud sexual. Los derechos sexuales y reproductivos no se contraponen a los derechos humanos y, si estos son soslayados, no serán posibles la justicia, la equidad y la pluralidad. En consecuencia, la teología de los derechos humanos y, particularmente, del derecho a la salud sexual es un modo legítimo para reflexionar y urgir el reinado de Dios porque tales valores le son propios. En este sentido, aquí se capitalizan los relatos de algunas mujeres que llevaron a cabo una lectura contextual de la historia de Tamar (1Sm 13,1-22) y, con este pretexto, dejaron aflorar sus propias historias, las cuales les permitieron darse cuenta del juego de poder sobre su cuerpo, juego en el cual los varones, la sociedad, las instituciones y la cultura están interesados en mantener la sumisión, la ignorancia, la estigmatización, el miedo y la bajacapacidad de tomar decisiones.
Entre el prisma discursivo y el ciberhumanismo: algunas reflexiones sobre Derechos Humanos de cuarta generación
Authors: Morales Aguilera Paulina
Published: October 2018

Actualmente se encuentra en desarrollo una cuarta generación de derechos humanos, entre cuyos contenidos se agrupa lo relativo al despliegue humano a la luz de las tecnologías de la comunicación e información en el ciberespacio. El presente artículo es una reflexión sobre dicho tema, específicamente desde dos perspectivas de lectura. Por una parte, en cuanto a las posibilidades de configuración de tales prerrogativas con base en el concepto de «derechos discursivos», a partir de los planteamientos de Jürgen Habermas, pero revisitados ahora en este nuevo escenario. Por otra, desde la mirada del ciberhumanismo, que permite enriquecer y complementar el prisma habermasiano, habida cuenta de sus limitaciones en el entorno virtual. La pregunta por los Derechos Humanos en el contexto ciberespacial demanda tanto una relectura de los derechos ya existentes, como una dilucidación de nuevas prerrogativas en el marco de la sociedad tecnológica de hoy.
Prominence of environmental and anthropogenic agents on the occurrence of coral reef bleaching syndrome and coral diseases
Authors: SCHULZ MICHAŁ , ŁOŚ ALEKSANDRA , SKOWRONEK PATRYCJA , STRACHECKA ANETA
Published: October 2018

Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They ensure the conservation of biodiversity and are a live habitat for 25% of all marine organisms. The main relationship on the coral reef is the symbiosis between corals and algae from the genus Symbiodinium (commonly called zooxanthellae). The authors of this publication have characterized and described the factors limiting the occurrence of coral reefs, including: water temperature, salinity, access to sunlight, contamination, physicochemical and hydromechanical parameters of water. Moreover anthropogenic threats to coral reefs have been specified, including diving tourism, ecological disasters (e.g. oil spills) and the development of marine aquaristics. Rapid changes in the basic living conditions are dangerous for corals and their symbionts and may cause the unsuitability of the new environment resulting in diseases such as coral bleaching. Corals bleaching is a disease associated with the break of the coral and algae relationship which results in a coral reef death on a global scale. Awareness of these negative factors, often related to human activity, may allow us to better understand the ecological processes that are the basis of reef functioning and might enable us to prevent and oppose to the changes and ecological recessions of coral reefs.
The Position of Expert Witnesses in Medical Malpractice Cases in Indonesia
Authors: Hatta Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Medical malpractice is one of the most difficult professional errors to prove. In solving medical malpractice cases, law enforcement is always assisted by doctors by connecting experts to reveal the truth with their expertise. The position of doctors as experts is very important and strategic. However, it is not easy for a doctor who wants to become a expert witness because the relationship of the suspect is a colleague. If the doctor want to be an expert witness then his testimony in court is not objective or impressed protect his colleagues. This study suggests that in the completion of medical malpractice cases in court can apply the system of proof by changing the proof to the doctor. In addition, this study also suggests to resolve medical malpractice cases that can be solved through the way of mediation before pursuing litigation settlement. In the aspect of Islamic law, the position of expert witness (ra`yu al-khābir) is very important to explain or interpret a case that is vague and difficult to prove. However, an evidentiary system unable to prove the medical malpractice case then Islamic law can justify by using other methods that can bring benefit in general.

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Malpraktik medik adalah salah satu kesalahan professional yang sangat sulit dibuktikan. Dalam menyelesaikan kasus malpraktik medik, penegak hukum selalu dibantu oleh dokter sebagai saksi ahli untuk mengukapkan kebenaran sesuai dengan keahlian yang dimilikinya. Kedudukan dokter sebagai saksiahli sangat penting dan strategis. Namun, tidak mudah mendapatkan dokter yang mau menjadi saksi ahli terhadap tersangka karena saksi ahli dengan tersangka adalah teman sejawat. Apabila dokter mau menjadi saksi ahli maka kesaksiannya di pengadilan dinilai tidak objektif atau terkesan melindungi teman sejawatnya. Penelitian ini menyarankan supaya dalam penyelesaian kasus malpraktik medik di pengadilan dapat menerapkan sistem pembuktian terbalik dengan memindahkan beban pembuktian kepada dokter. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga me­nyarankan supaya penyelesaian kasus malpraktik medik dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur mediasi sebelum menempuh penyelesaian secara litigasi. Dalam aspek hukum islam, kedudukan saksi ahli (ra`yu al-khābir) sangat penting untuk menerangkan atau menafsirkan suatu perkara yang kabur dan sulit dibuktikan. Namun, apabila sistem pembuktian dengan menggunakan saksi ahli tidak mampu membuktikan perkara malpraktik medik maka hukum islam dapat membenarkan menggunakan metode lain yang dinilai dapat mendatangkan maslahat secara umum.
Criminal Act of Sexual Gratification: Fiqh Jināyah and Positive Law Perspective
Authors: Nugraheni Nadea Lathifah
Published: October 2018

This paper describes the concept of sexual gratification based on positive legal views in Indonesia and fiqh jināyah. This type of qualitative research with the method of collecting library data is also normative in looking at and approaching cases of sexual gratification. This study uses several approaches, including case, comparison, and conceptual approaches. The government has regulated the Law Number. 31 of 1999 which has been updated by Law Number. 20 of 2001 on combating corruption. Moreover, it is stated in Article 12 B that explains matters including gratuities, such as money, goods, commissions, checks, travel tickets and other public facilities. Basically, the sanction of sexual gratification has fulfilled government regulations but has not yet been applied. Thus, it is necessary to reform the law of sexual gratification in Indonesia. The theory of Mukhtalath in Islamic law can be an alternative solution to cases of sexual gratification. The synchronicity of the role of the government and the clear rules and regulations relating to cases of sexual gratuity are urgently needed to achieve justice and legal validity.

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Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan konsep gratifikasi seksual berdasarkan pandangan hukum positif di Indonesia dan fiqh jināyah. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data kepustakaan juga bersifat normatif dalam memandang dan melakukan pendekatan terhadap kasus gratifikasi seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa pendekatan, diantaranya pendekatan kasus, perbandingan dan konseptual. Pemerintah telah mengatur UU Nomor. 31 Tahun 1999 yang telah diperbaharui oleh UU Nomor. 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan korupsi. Terlebih tercantum dalam pasal 12 B yang menjelaskan hal-hal yang termasuk gratifikasi, seperti, uang, barang, komisi, check, tiket perjalanan dan fasilitas umum lainya. Pada dasarnya sanksi gratifikasi seksual telah memenuhi aturan pemerintah, akan tetapi belum diaplikasikan. Dengan demikian perlu pembaharuan terhadap hukum gratifikasi seksual di Indonesia. Teori tentang Mukhtalath dalam hukum islam dapat menjadi alternatif solusi akan kasus gratifikasi seksual. sinkronisitas peran pemerintah dan jelasnya aturan perundang-undangan terkait kasus gratifikasi seksual sangat dibutuhkan demi tercapainya keadilan dan keabsahan hukum.
Incidence of chlorination by-products in an institutional drinking water distribution network, Islamabad, Pakistan, using response surface methodology
Authors: Khan Romana , Hashmi Imran , Nasir Habib , Rasheed Sajida , Campos Luiza C.
Published: October 2018

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs), analyzed in drinking water due to their toxicological health effects. However, few data exist regarding the content of emerging THMs in drinking water, which are present at very low concentrations. This study aimed to monitor hazardous and emerging THMs from drinking water supply in a residential area via solid phase microextraction using gas chromatography. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the role of salt concentration, temperature, desorption and extraction times on THM formation as a result of raw water prechlorination. Maximum THM detection was achieved at 3.25 g Na2SO4 salt via 30 min extraction time at 80 °C along with 8 min of desorption time. The quantification results revealed the presence of total THMs in all drinking water samples, while most of the sites (88%) exceeded the permissible limit set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Among I-THMs, chloroiodomethane was found to be dominant as detected in 79% of samples.
Methylene blue (a cationic dye) adsorption performance of graphene oxide fabricated Fe-Al bimetal oxide composite from water
Authors: Haque Shaheriar , Gain Sekhar , Gupta Kaushik , Ghosh Uday Chand
Published: October 2018

Graphene oxide (GO) fabricated iron-aluminium oxide (GO@IAO) nanocomposite was synthesized with one-spot chemical reaction from emulsification of GO (1.0 g) in 0.2 L of 1.0 M mixed metal solution, which was characterized with some of the latest analytical tools aiming to assess methylene blue (MB) adsorption performance from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of MB on GO@IAO surfaces shows a steep increase from pH 3.0 to 5.0, but steepness declines at pH >5.0. The closeness of fitted kinetic data with the pseudo-second order (PSO) equation (R2 = 0.9845) compared to the pseudo-first order equation (R2 = 0.9527) confirms the adsorption process is of the PSO type. The MB adsorption equilibrium data can be described better by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99) than the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.96–0.97), inclining to the monolayer adsorption process. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of GO@IAO has been estimated to be 330.35 mg/g at 303 K. The MB adsorption is established to be spontaneous (–ΔG0 = 26.31–26.61 kJ/mol) owing to favourable enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH0 = –23.38 kJ/mol; ΔS0= 0.01 kJ/mol/K). Both absolute and aqueous (1/1, v/v) alcohols regenerate the MB adsorbed GO@IAO up to 80–85%, indicating recyclability of composite.
Assessment of Bonding Effectiveness of Adhesive Materials to Tooth Structure using Bond Strength Test Methods: A Review of Literature
Authors: El Mourad Aminah M.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The rapid developments in the field of adhesive dental materials have led to improvements in many aspects of clinical dentistry. Adhesive bond strength plays an important role in determining the clinical performance and longevity of dental restorations. Nevertheless, bond strength tests have never been well-standardized, although a number of important recommendations have been made.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to critically review the validity of different bond strength testing methods for assessment of bonding effectiveness of adhesive materials to tooth structure and discuss factors that may affect bond strength measurement.

Data Collection:

Relevant literature published between 1983 and 2018 was collected and reviewed from the PubMed database and Google scholar resources.

Review Results:

Results of the current bond testing methods should be used to compare materials tested under the same laboratory settings, but they shouldn’t be used to make direct inferences on their clinical behaviour. Shear and micro-shear tests, result in non-uniform stress distribution, stress concentration at the substrate area, and predominantly tensile stresses rather than shear stresses. Micro-tensile bond tests provide many advantages over the shear tests, although these methods are technique sensitive and labour intensive.

Conclusion:

Bond strength testing methods should be well-standardized, but there are many factors that cannot be fully controlled which leads to variation and misinterpretation of the data about the bonding abilities of adhesives.

Clinical Significance:

New adhesive materials should be subjected to a combination of testing protocols to properly assess their bonding effectiveness.
Digitized Morphometric Analysis using Maxillary Canine and Mandibular First Molar for Age Estimation in South Indian Population
Authors: Ilayaraja Vadivel , Ganapathy Nalliapan , Jisha Georgebabu , Keerthipriyadharshini Thambu , Maheswaran Thangadurai , Yoithapprabhunath Thukanayakanpalayam R.
Published: October 2018

Background:

In recent years, the estimation of age in living individuals have become important to solve judicial or civil problems. Secondary dentin deposition occurs as the age advances and can be measured by calculating the reduction in pulp chamber through Noninvasive radiograph techniques.

Aim:

The aim is to derive precise population specific formulae for age estimation.

Materials and Methods:

Digitalized Orthopantomography of 150 subjects, was retrieved. The subjects were divided into study and test group. Pulp tooth area ratio was recorded from the maxillary canine and pulp chamber crown root trunk height ratio was recorded from a mandibular first molar.

Statistical Analysis:

Regression equation was derived from study group subjects and this equation was used to estimate the age of subjects in the test group.

Results:

No significant differences were seen between mean chronological age and mean estimated age (p-value- 0.157). Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was estimated to be 2.76 years. The percentage of estimated ages in test sample < ± MAE was 72%. The difference was higher in the group I and II (p-value- 0.001 and 0.002)

Conclusion:

The equation derived from the anterior and posterior teeth together gave more accurate results in the present study. The prediction accuracy can further be enhanced by using multiple teeth or by utilizing other linear measurements in the same teeth.
The cooperative principle and collaborative inquiry
Authors: Cam Philip
Published: October 2018

The norms associated with HP Grice’s cooperative principle focus on exchange of information and require considerable extension in order to capture the presiding features of discourse that attempts to inquire into a problem or an issue. These features are revealed by looking at the case of collaborative philosophical inquiry. Although it is a special case, the findings have widespread implications for education. When teachers venture beyond the kind of informative discourse that has traditionally monopolised verbal exchange in the classroom and engage in collaborative inquiry-based teaching, they need to attend to the norms that govern such discourse.
Strengthening dialogic argument: What teachers can learn from authentic examples of student dialogue
Authors: Sowey Michelle
Published: October 2018

This paper is inspired by Philip Cam’s book Twenty Thinking Tools. Cam recommends classroom dialogue as the primary means for students to achieve conscious, strategic, and eventually habitual command of the intellectual moves needed for building and evaluating arguments. Classroom dialogue has indeed been found to be effective for developing students’ higher-order thinking skills, but only when students are engaged in dialogic argument. This paper addresses the dual concerns that dialogue is not widespread in classrooms, and that even where it is practised, it rarely involves argument. To address these concerns, an enhancement to teacher professional learning programs is proposed: the use of authentic examples, i.e. examples drawn from students’ real-life dialogic argument. Reflecting on numerous examples of this kind is likely to boost teachers’ confidence and competence as facilitators, with the consequent benefits of broadening the use of dialogue in classrooms and enhancing the rigour of students’ dialogic argument. Authentic examples of dialogic argument are surprisingly scarce in the relevant published literature. This paper provides several such examples, together with suggestions for how they may be constructively embedded in professional learning programs.
A conversation with children about children …
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar
Published: October 2018

In this paper, I present an experience of philosophical dialogue with small children in a public school in Bari, Italy in the context of the Philosophia Ludens for Children project (University of Bari). I present the experience, including the transcripts of six conversations with several groups of children, and then draw some inferences concerning the importance of the relationship between Universities and schools; the philosophical strength of both children’s commitment and philosophical ideas and their positive understanding of childhood.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA STEM BARK
Authors: Ludas Antony , Indu Sabapathy , Hinduja Sekar , Nirmala Anthonisamy Kumari , Rajalakshmi Manikkam
Published: October 2018

Objective: Investigation of the antioxidant efficacy of a novel polysaccharide isolated from the methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem bark with reference to its action as free radical scavengers using in vivo and in vitro approaches was performed in the study.Methods: Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined with and without polysaccharide treatment in the cell lines and breast and liver tissues. 7, 12- Dimethylbenz (α) anthracene-induced albino Wistar rats were used as animal models.Results: The IC50 concentration of polysaccharide was 100 μM for both the cell lines. The lipid peroxidation levels were decreased in both breast cancer cell lines and liver and breast tissues. Polysaccharide treatment showed remarkably low levels of TBARS in breast cancer cells, and a significant reduction in the activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT levels in cancer groups was found to be increased with polysaccharide treatment. The alteration was found to be induced in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and in breast and liver tissues of in vivo models.Conclusion: The results showed that the polysaccharide from T. cordifolia has antioxidant potential on human breast cancer cell lines and tissues with induction of apoptosis.
SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF FEMALE PATIENTS ATTENDING MOBILE MEDICAL CLINICS IN A RURAL BLOCK IN TAMILNADU
Authors: M Logaraj , S Sathiyanarayanan , R Balaji
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of “symptoms not elsewhere classified” under the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification among the female patients attending mobile medical clinics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 7,124 female patients who attended weekly mobile medical clinics in a rural block in Tamil Nadu. Sociodemographic variables, symptomatology, patient history, and clinical examination details were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire.Results: The five common symptoms affecting the study population were myalgia (18.3%), nasal congestion (13.6%), headache (13.1%), lumbar pain (12.5%), and knee pain (9.3%). The systems commonly affected among the female patients were in the order of general symptoms and signs (R50-R69), circulatory and respiratory systems (R00-R09), and Nervous and Musculoskeletal Systems (R25-R29). In the age group of 10–19 years and 20–39 years, the most common symptom was headache (25.2% and 18.8%, respectively). In the age group of 40–59 years and 60 years and above, it was myalgia (24.2% and 32.3%, respectively).Conclusion: As pain being most common symptoms, an appropriate strategy and guidelines have to be developed to manage the problem of pain at primary care level.
TRASTUZUMAB-INDUCED RESPIRATORY DISTRESS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kumar Nithu M , Sivadas Akhila , R Lakshmi
Published: October 2018

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody effective in treating metastatic breast carcinomas. Cardiotoxicity is the most commonly reported adverse event occurring when used in combination with anthracycline derivatives. Even though pulmonary toxicities are uncommon, immediate withdrawal of the drug is recommended and only reinitiates after the vitals of the patient have become normal. Here, we discuss the case of an 81-year-old female patient who was treated with Injection Trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancer with metastasis to lungs and received 6 cycles without any major complications. However, 24 h post the last dose; the patient developed a sudden onset of breathlessness and desaturation and was intubated in view of severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Blood investigations revealed elevated brain natriuretic peptide, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Her blood and urine cultures were found to be sterile. She was managed with IV antibiotics, nebulizations, IV fluids, and other supportive medications and had improved considerably. However, on the 11th day, her condition had deteriorated and developed bradycardia. The patient could not be revived and died. Review of the patient’s medication did not reveal the presence of any other possible drugs capable of producing pulmonary toxicity. Trastuzumab should be avoided in patients with underlying respiratory or cardiac issues.
OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelnasser , Attalla Sohayla M , Alias Aspalilah , Swarhib Mohamed , Abu Bakar Siti Noorain , Das Srijit , Nor Faridah Mohd
Published: October 2018

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries.Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF.Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries.Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.
UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD HEMATOLOGY IN RELATION WITH MATERNAL ANEMIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Debbarma Rumi , Pankaj Pankaj , Devi M. Anita
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe any umbilical cord blood hematological changes in relation to maternal anemia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 220 neonates and their mothers from August 1, 2015, to July 31, 2016, in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India. Immediately after vaginal delivery of baby, umbilical cord was clamped and blood was collected in EDTA vials and analyzed using automated hematoanalyzer.Results: Neonates of non-anemic mothers had significantly higher level of hemoglobin concentration than neonates of anemic mothers. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was slightly higher in neonates of non-anemic mothers as compared to neonates of anemic mothers. Platelet count was slightly higher in neonates of anemic mothers as compared to non-anemic mothers, but platelet crit, mean platelet volume, and platelet cell distribution width were slightly higher in neonates of non-anemic mothers than neonates anemic mothers.Conclusions: It was a preliminary study. A similar type of the study must be conducted in future to comprehend the effect of various other factors affecting delivery such as maternal anemia, diet, and environment on blood parameters of newborns.
DETERMINATION OF PHYTOCOMPONENTS IN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BRASSICA OLERACEA - USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE
Authors: M Jayalakshmi , V Vanitha , R Sangeetha
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Bioactive components determined by plants are known to have a broad application in the medical field. The focus of this study is to recognize the phytochemicals in the ethanol extract of Brassica oleracea by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Methods: B. oleracea was collected, dried, and powdered well. The extraction was done with the solvent ethanol. The extract was exposed to column of GC-MS-QP 2010 (SHIMADZU) column Db 30.0 (0.25 μm in diameter, 0.25 μm thick). Results: GC–MS result provides the chromatogram with different peaks obtained at a different retention time shows the presence of various biocompounds. Some of the identified bioactive compounds are n-hexadecanoic acid (12.99%), phytol (2.40%), Vitamin E (3.38%), tetratetracontane (2.15%), stigmasterol (2.03%), and isophytol. Conclusion: The GC–MS study of the ethanol extract of B. oleracea reveals the existence of many potential compounds that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, including the use of anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticoronary, and antidiabetic agents.
A REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN SIDE-LINED POPULATIONS; SLUM DWELLERS, SHIFT JOB WORKERS AND OCCUPATIONAL NOISE AFFECTED WORKERS: ATTRIBUTABLE TO LIFESTYLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev , Saraswat Nikita , Saini Aryendu Kumar , Wal Pranay
Published: October 2018

Hypertension is a condition that is characterized by the persistent raised blood pressure. It is not seen as a disease rather as a major risk factor that is solely responsible for different types of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Although this condition cannot be cured, hypertension can be managed and prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle that encompasses factors such as diet, physical exercise, reduced alcohol consumption, moderate sodium and potassium intake, and psychological factors. Apart from these, environmental factor like noise has also proved to be associated with the high blood pressure. Different prevalence studies have been conducted to find out the relationship between high blood pressure and different lifestyle factors. This article aims to review and emphasize the prevalence of high blood pressure in slum dwellers and at-risk workers who are shift job workers and occupational noise affected workers. Different research articles pertaining to different authors and countries have been reviewed to portray the concern of this condition. There is the need for proper recognition to these folks of people who are exposed to the precarious and high-risk style of living in the slum dwellers, shift job workers, and occupational noise affected workers. The distress in the physiological functioning of the body leading to hypertension has been found in the slum dwellers and at-risk workers; shift job workers and occupational noise affected workers that are again attributable to aforementioned lifestyle and environmental factor. The proper management of hypertension is extremely required to safeguard these unacknowledged groups of people.
NEUROPROTECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF PORTULACA QUADRIFIDA LINN. LEAVES EXTRACT ON IMMOBILIZATION STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN RAT’S BRAIN
Authors: Shahwan Moyad Jamal , Gacem Sabrina Ait
Published: October 2018

Objective: The current study was established to illustrate the effect of this plant’s active constituents on stress-induced diseases that include oxidation damage to cellular components, especially the brain.Methods: Immobilization stress method is induced and initiated by putting separated animals in specially prepared mesh cages on a wooden plank. The animals were exposed to 6 h of stress. Wistar male rats were selected weighing (180–200 g). A total of 54 rats were selected and separated into nine groups and only six experimental rats were kept in each group.Results: The post-stress oral treatment of extract (100 mg/kg body weight) was more efficient in restricting stress-induced decline of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), glutathione (GSH)-S-transferase (p<0.02), catalase (p<0.05), and GSH (p<0.05) and an enhanced level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (p<0.01) compared to stress alone or pre-stress extract treatments.Conclusion: The extract showed a significant resistance toward the oxidative metabolism triggered by restraint stress, though the post-extract treatment (curative) was observed to be more effective in restoring the altered oxidative metabolism compared with pre-extract treatment (prophylactic).
THE EFFECT OF DIACEREIN AND MELOXICAM COMBINATION VERSUS MELOXICAM ALONE ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Dwicandra Ni Made Oka , Jaya Made Krisna Adi
Published: October 2018

Objective: More than 50% of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) had an inadequate pain relief in its management. Combination therapy could be the solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of combination therapy of diacerein and meloxicam with meloxicam alone in the patient with knee OA.Methods: A total of 64 knee OA patients were recruited from Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Mohammad Soewandhie Surabaya. They were allocated to combination group and single therapy group using randomized controlled trial design. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function questionnaire were assessed in weeks 0–4th. The difference between pre- and post-treatment score and area under the curve (AUC) of WOMAC score were calculated.Results: Combination therapy and single therapy had significant clinical effect with the downregulated score of WOMAC physical function after 4th week (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in AUC of WOMAC physical function score between combination and single therapy.Conclusion: Patient with knee OA could gain beneficial efficacies from combination therapy of diacerein and meloxicam. Studies of longer follow-up time to get the differences in AUC of WOMAC physical function score are needed.