bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase 1b study of carfilzomib with induction chemotherapy in pediatric relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Burke Michael J. , Ziegler David S. , Bautista Francisco , Attarbaschi Andishe , Gore Lia , Locatelli Franco , M. O'Brien Maureen , Pauly Melinda , Kormany William N. , Tian Shengqi , Morris Christopher L. , Baruchel Andre
Published: October 2022

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in childhood. Survival for patients following relapse remains poor, and achieving complete remission (CR) after relapse is the first critical step to cure. Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor with an acceptable safety profile and clinical activity in adults with multiple myeloma but has not been assessed in children. The primary objective of this phase 1b study was to assess the safety and tolerability of carfilzomib combined with vincristine, dexamethasone, asparaginase, and daunorubicin (VXLD) in children with relapsed and/or refractory ALL.

Methods

Patients aged 1–21 years (n = 24) received 4‐week induction therapy with carfilzomib at dose levels of 27 mg/m2 (n = 3), 36 mg/m2 (n = 7), 45 mg/m2 (n = 4), and 56 mg/m2 (n = 10) in combination with VXLD. Patients achieving stable disease were offered further consolidation chemotherapy. Analyses were based on the safety evaluable population.

Results

Following dose escalation of carfilzomib, the recommended phase 2 carfilzomib dose was identified as 56 mg/m2. Grade ≥3 hematological adverse events were common (83%, 20/24 patients), and serious treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 58% (14/24) of patients. At the end of induction, CR/CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp)/CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) was identified in 50% of patients (n = 12/24). By the end of consolidation, cumulative CR/CRp/CRi was identified in 58% of patients (n = 14/24).

Conclusion

These data support the use of carfilzomib in pediatric patients with relapsed and/or refractory ALL.
Centralized/decentralized indirect robust adaptive control for spacecraft attitude and robotics
Authors: Rivolta Aureliano , Lunghi Paolo
Published: October 2022

The diffuse presence of robotic subsystems in new space mission concepts introduces variations and uncertainties in system mass and inertia, imposing stringent constraints to orbital and attitude control. The required performance can be achieved through several paradigms like robust or adaptive controllers and sometimes a combination of the two. In this work, a novel indirect controller, belonging to the robust‐adaptive controllers class, is developed, with the core idea of requiring just one adaptive gain with consequent lower sensitivity and easier tunability. The algorithm is developed both in centralized and decentralized formulation and tested for reliability and parameter sensitivity.
Perceptions of political Self‐Dealing? An empirical investigation of market returns surrounding the disclosure of politician stock purchases
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Mirzokhidjon , Snider Roary E. , Ridge Jason W. , Hasija Dinesh
Published: October 2022

Research summary

We investigate how congressional stock purchases may impact investor expectations of firm outcomes. Specifically, we argue that because there is information asymmetry regarding how public policy may impact a firm and investors perceive that members of the U.S. Congress possess insider governmental information and power over the regulatory landscape of a firm, a legislator's purchase of firm stock will generate abnormal returns. Furthermore, we argue that this response will be greater if the Congressperson has jurisdiction over the firm through committee assignments, and that the effect of jurisdiction will be strongest when the firm ties itself directly to the politician through political strategies (e.g., lobbying sponsored legislation, committee testimony, and political action committee contributions). We find support for many of our arguments in a broad sample of senator stock purchases between 2012 and 2020.

Managerial summary

We examine stock purchases of the members of the U.S. Senate for years 2012–2020 and find that stock purchases by senate members generate abnormal returns. We also find that abnormal returns are higher if the senator has direct jurisdiction over the firm through committee assignments. We see an increase in abnormal returns if the firm is tied to the member of the U.S. Senate through lobbying‐sponsored legislation and political action committee contributions. We also find that stocks both purchased and sold by senators experience negative abnormal returns over the 6–12 months following the transaction date. Our study provides insights into important public policy questions related to transparency and ethics in government and speaks to the question of investments by public servants.
Impact of slip boundaries on double diffusivity convection in an asymmetric channel with magneto‐tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with peristaltic flow
Authors: Saeed Khalid , Akram Safia , Ahmad Adeel , Athar Maria , Razia Alia , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2022

The impact of slip boundaries on velocity, thermal and concentration convection in a magneto‐tangent hyperbolic nanofluid coated with peristaltic flow is the objective of this article. The magneto‐tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow equations are mathematically defined in detail. The purpose problem is simplified under creeping flow and long wavelength assumptions. The analysis is performed under slip boundary conditions. The extremely non‐linear equations are solved using a numerical technique. The significance of important physical parameters of relevance is graphically illustrated for Weissenberg number, Hartmann number, thermophoresis parameter, power law index, Brownian motion, Soret and Dufour diffusively parameters. It is noted that temperature profile rises because of the growing influence of thermal slip, but concentration falls as a result of rising concentration slip parameter.
Introduction into the Overall Message of the Book: Destruction of Heritage Is Destroying Identity – Shared Responsibility Is Therefore Our Common Task for the Future
Authors: Albert Marie-Theres , Bernecker Roland , Cave Claire , Prodan Anca Claudia , Ripp Matthias
Published: October 2022

The Introduction to the book “50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation” sets the stage by presenting the key message, background and content of the book. The identity-building function of heritage and its sustainable protection assume a central role. Accordingly, the chapter provides an overview of policy tools and academic debates engaging with this matter, while emphasizing the critical issues undertaken with the volume at hand. These are to reflect on whether the goals and content of the World Heritage Convention have been implemented accordingly; on the conflicts that have been affecting it over time and the need for sustainable strategies; and on perspectives for the future. This chapter further emphasises the requirements for diversity, arising from the World Heritage Convention and the variety of heritage properties, and it is reflected in the thematic, geographic and disciplinary diversity of the contributions in this book. For illustration, the chapter provides brief descriptions of conflicts affecting heritage, categorized into six areas, as well as summaries of the chapters which address them.
UNESCO World Heritage and Cultural Property Protection in the Event of Armed Conflict
Authors: Schipper Friedrich
Published: October 2022

Bamiyan, Palmyra, Timbuktu are examples of iconic toponyms of ancient civilization that have been used as headlines in international media coverage of the Islamist extremists’ war – including the Taliban, Daesh, and Ansar Dine – against World Cultural Heritage as listed by UNESCO. Further, more sites are being inscribed on UNESCO’s list ofWorld Heritage in Dangeror referred to in the reports of ICOMOS’Heritage at Risk programmebecause of the imminent threat posed by current armed conflict, for example, in Afghanistan, Armenia and Azerbaijan, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Syria, Yemen, and other countries struck by war or the violent consequences of political instability. Nowadays, war, terrorism, vandalism, and iconoclasm pose an equal threat to cultural heritage. This poses a series of questions to heritage as well as conflict studies.
Palmyra: Bridging Past and Future
Authors: Elcheikh Zeina
Published: October 2022

Targeting and destroying Syria’s cultural heritage have become a common concern, especially in the case of Palmyra. The ruined city enjoyed a significant position in the country’s history and bore a large share of the violence in Syria’s protracted tragedy. Since 2014, militants of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) have committed many acts of terrorism, claiming thousands of lives and shattering others, looting antiquities and destroying historic sites, including World Heritage sites. In 2015, ISIS extremists destroyed Palmyra’s major monuments, and, since then, this destruction has been the focus of debates on the academic and professional levels and in the media. This chapter has two parts. The first part briefly reviews Palmyra’s long history, in which monuments have been subject to selective narratives and official instrumentalisation. The second part looks at the current debates on Palmyra’s heritage loss in the light of the actual conflict, in which the local community has been unheeded. This chapter suggests that future efforts need to (re)consider the role of local communities in heritage debates and the right(s) to their heritage to bridge the discontinuity between the past and the future caused by the terrorism and conflict.
Change in Water Technology in Anatolia: From Use to Energy, Conflicts to Climate Action
Authors: Erkan Yonca
Published: October 2022

UNESCO World Heritage properties in Anatolia show a great variety in their land use morphologies as a response to their environmental differences, developing different ways of managing water for daily use and agricultural irrigation. History testifies to the many conflicts and wars that occurred in defending and/or accessing these important water resources. The remnants of this infrastructure form part of invaluable cultural heritage and present opportunities for the embodied traditional knowledge to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, ruthless water regimes (i.e. hydroelectric plants), which disregard the importance of water for communities, have prioritized water as a source of energy over its value for daily and agricultural use and have impacted the environment and climate, which directly affects both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Dried creeks leave water-related infrastructure and equipment without a purpose and people deprived of water. In the age of Anthropocene, such an approach victimizes people through the idea of taking over nature while at the same time making people the victims of nature’s response. In return, new regional conflicts are instigated, and migration becomes inevitable, diminishing neighbourly peace and also aggravating climate change, causing negative impacts on cultural heritage and jeopardising many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Mineral Extractive Industries in the Context of European World Heritage Cultural Landscape Conservation and Management: The Case Study of the Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region
Authors: Hansell Friederike
Published: October 2022

Current prospection activities lead not only to the opening of new mines but also to a revival of activity in historic mining areas that are partly in or close to protected areas. Consequently, the issue of mining and its potential negative impact on protected areas, including natural World Heritage sites in particular, has increased over the past two decades. Considering that attributes and values assigned to natural World Heritage sites differ from those assigned to cultural World Heritage sites, the paper focuses on the evaluation of the potential impact of mining activities on cultural World Heritage sites and outlines management and conservation strategies as well as recommendations for the assessment of potential negative and positive impacts of mining activities on the OUV.
Adopting Digital Tools & Technology to Evolve Sustainable Tourism at World Heritage Sites: Case Studies from India and Greece
Authors: Zaimes George N. , Iakovoglou Valasia , Maclaren Fergus T. , Manchanda Pankaj
Published: October 2022

There is a strong interconnection between tourism and World Heritage Sites. This interconnection, on the one hand, can have a positive impact by presenting these sites to the public and helping generate conservation funds, but, on the other hand, if done unsustainably, can lead to their degradation. The adoption of digital technologies in tourism has made travel and visitations, even in remote areas, relatively easy. The adoption of new technologies at World Heritage Sites can also prove to be beneficial and help evolve a more sustainable tourism model at these venues. Furthermore, the new conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while having a detrimental impact on global tourism, provide an opportunity to remotely promote and generate revenue to preserve a regions’ tangible and intangible heritage. A technology-based intervention, if adopted correctly, can help to develop sustainable visitation capacity and management at World Heritage Sites while also enhancing and enticing visitation at lesser-known sites. Case studies from Greece and India are presented to demonstrate how to increase visitation to lesser-known sites and enhance the overall tourism experience at these sites. A variety of digital tools are presented, from simplistic to technologically advanced ones. These digital tools could be adopted and used globally for other World Heritage Sites to enhance visibility and sustainability.
Natural Heritage in Danger. Native Forests, New and Old Forms of Extractive Activities and Sustainability from the Perspective of a New Generation of Scientists, Activists and Entrepreneurs in Argentina
Authors: Lozano Claudia
Published: October 2022

This article aims to address conflictive projects and their pathways of resolution in the field of land use and territorial and natural resource management in Latin America in relation to one of the protected areas of Argentinean Patagonia, Los Alerces National Park (PNLA), inscribed by UNESCO as a Natural World Heritage Site in 2017. I argue that the changes driven by the commodity boom (2000–2014), i.e., the development of extractive activities, deforestation and the expansion of grain and mineral exports, have had and continue to have a high environmental impact. Since the 2000s, the continent has experienced a series of protests that brought to light the unease caused by projects based on the development of large-scale extractive activities, which impacted legislation and reinforced the implementation of restrictive regulations for territorial management and land use, as seen from the nomination of the PNLA as a Natural World Heritage Site. The article shows that the legislative changes, as well as requirements of the PNLA inscription, provide fundamental legal support to the formulation, management and technical implementation of a new agro-silvo-pastoral culture capable of reconciling the conservation of scenic value (vii), biodiversity (x) and sustainability in protected areas. This proposal opens up the possibility of expanding the protected areas within the framework of the Andean-North Patagonian Biosphere Reserve.
Sustainability – A Guiding Principle of the World Heritage Convention – What Has Been Achieved – What Is Missing – What Is the Future Perspective
Authors: Fuhrmann Constanze
Published: October 2022

The World Heritage Convention (WHC), as the premier charter for heritage protection, has long adopted sustainability as a core principle. With today’s understanding of heritage management as an important driver of economic growth, social capital and environmental protection, its reconciliation with sustainable practices is inevitable. Fifty years on, the WHC faces new challenges concerning promoting and supporting sustainable development. With the broad adoption of SDGs, heritage actors working under the WHC framework frequently encounter conflicting objectives. While in theory, the social, ecological and economic dimensions of sustainable development can be reconciled, in practice, this often requires finding viable and balanced trade-offs. The growing awareness for climate change in the last ten years results in the need to reprioritise the different dimensions and can lead to hard choices that have been framed as dilemma situations. This paper takes a closer look at those dilemma situations and discusses how the WHC can help tackle these and make the right decisions in the face of complex sustainability choices.
Urban Transformation and Related Conflicts at UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Authors: Gustafsson Christer , Ripp Matthias
Published: October 2022

Cities are constantly changing. Today, policy-makers all over the world are discussing how to create the conditions for developing green, healthy and safe cities where people meet and innovations are created. There is a great need to change to a climate-smart society with people at the centre. Urban cultural heritage is also constantly changing; however, the World Heritage Convention and its tools take their starting points in the preservation of monuments and ensembles. This introduction to section four presents the emerging scientific concept of urban transformation, relates it to conflicts at UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) and discusses possible ways forward in the overall frame of this book.
Going Beyond Tourism Attraction in the Festivalisation of World Heritage Cities
Authors: Jones Zachary M.
Published: October 2022

Tourism has long been noted as a double-edged sword for World Heritage cities that can lead to a wide range of socio-economic benefits while also introducing many stresses that both physically damage sites and affect local communities through gentrification and other socio-economic changes. Festivals, events and cultural mega-events are often framed with a focus on growing tourism, but they can also provide unique opportunities to align heritage with Sustainable Development Goals. This chapter explores these dynamics by looking at three trends that the festivalisation of heritage cities can lead to: establishing and promoting heritage-based city images; spreading out events to reduce stresses; expanding traditional definitions of heritage through involving local communities. Several examples from across Europe that have hosted the Expo, European Capital of Culture (ECoC) and the UK City of Culture (UKCoC) demonstrate varying alignments with the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the UNESCO 5Cs to promote the sustainable development and inclusion of historic environments in broader city strategies. The chapter concludes by calling for a more integrated governance approach that can reframe approaches to go beyond just tourism attraction while anticipating and avoiding the potential range of risks of festivalisation.
Pulse Oximetry: The Working Principle, Signal Formation, and Applications
Authors: Leppänen Timo , Kainulainen Samu , Korkalainen Henri , Sillanmäki Saara , Kulkas Antti , Töyräs Juha , Nikkonen Sami
Published: October 2022

Pulse oximeters are routinely used in various medical-grade and consumer-grade applications. They can be used to estimate, for example, blood oxygen saturation, autonomic nervous system activity and cardiac function, blood pressure, sleep quality, and recovery through the recording of photoplethysmography signal. Medical-grade devices often record red and infra-red light-based photoplethysmography signals while smartwatches and other consumer-grade devices usually rely on a green light. At its simplest, a pulse oximeter can consist of one or two photodiodes and a photodetector attached, for example, a fingertip or earlobe. These sensors are used to record light absorption in a medium as a function of time. This time-varying absorption information is used to form a photoplethysmography signal. In this chapter, we discuss the working principles of pulse oximeters and the formation of the photoplethysmography signal. We will further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pulse oximeters, which kind of applications exist in the medical field, and how pulse oximeters are utilized in daily health monitoring.
A Diffractive Reading
Authors: Engman Mel , Ennser-Kananen Johanna , Saarinen Taina
Published: October 2022

Towards the end of the editing process, we started to see the book as something more than a collection of chapters around a theme: as an assemblage, which included, of course, the community of authors. When we put out the first call for contributions in May 2018, most authors volunteered a contribution rather quickly, others joined a bit later, and some dropped out for different reasons, underlining the dynamic nature of our assemblage. In pre-pandemic times, we met on and off campus, introduced some of our ideas at conferences, and had a workshop day to brainstorm, plan chapters, and reflect on the process and the purpose of the book. We were connected by common meals, jokes, writing, thinking, and by annoying and challenging each other as colleagues and collaborators. Sometimes, we managed to give space to the other lives we lead: our families, homes, and hobbies. We are thankful that these were invited into our work and being-together. This chapter provides a concluding diffraction, not only as a metaphor of a prism that collects and reconfigures our varied ideas, but as a socio-material view into the book process itself.
“I Have Karelia in My Soul” – Intra-action of Students, Seniors and Artefacts in a Community-Engaged Service-Learning Collaboration
Authors: Muhonen Anu , Vaarala Heidi
Published: October 2022

In this chapter we examine a foreign language learning environment in a community-engaged setting in a Canadian city through a new materialist lens. As part of a service-learning project, Canadian students of Finnish language and culture visit a Finnish language seniors’ centre regularly to participate in different activities and spend time with the Finnish-speaking seniors. We examine the assemblage of the participants (seniors and students) and one artefact, a map, and offer a close analysis of the intra-action that takes place during one visit at the centre. In our analysis, our service-learning collaboration does not merely give a voice and agency to seniors. Rather, the seniors actively take the opportunity to voice their knowledge, and doing that, give a voice to an old Finnish school map, which retells stories of the seniors’ past in intra-action. Meanwhile the students also gain new knowledge.
Material Change: The Case of Co-located Schools
Authors: Laihonen Petteri , Szabó Tamás Péter
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, our context is a co-located Swedish and Finnish medium high school campus. From a posthumanist viewpoint, we study the roles and functions of language(s) in the semiotic assemblages of learning environments and ask how language(s) feature as an integral and material part of the change in the spatial repertoire of learning environments. We investigate how the principle of separation of schools by medium of instruction, typical for Finnish education, becomes undermined through a new multilingual soundscape in the co-located schools, where the school community hears and uses many languages every day. In doing this, the co-located schools not only challenge Finnish language ideologies and practices, but may also promote language learning in a more effective manner than structured, curriculum based ‘planned’ forms of multilingual education. In the long run, the placing of Finnish and Swedish language schools in one location has led to teachers’ recognition of the new assemblage as a resource for pedagogical change.
Rhizoanalysis of Sociomaterial Entanglements in Teacher Interviews
Authors: Nikula Tarja , Pitkänen-Huhta Anne , Sulkunen Sari , Saario Johanna
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores how the entangled relationship between the material and social in teachers’ perceptions of change can be empirically investigated. More specifically, the chapter adopts a DeleuzoGuattarian rhizoanalytic assemblage approach and the notion of becoming to capture the dynamic and fluid nature of social and material affects. The study re-analyses three teacher interviews from data sets originally collected for different research purposes but with the theme of change relevant in each interview. The findings show that rhizomatic analysis and approaching interviews as assemblages can yield important insights about material realities. For example, they indicate how teachers’ ways of becoming depend on complex and unpredictable intra-actions of social and material reality and how different aspects of materiality may constrain or come into conflict with each other and have agency. The chapter concludes by discussing the methodological implications of the essentially non-hierarchical rhizoanalytic approach.
Einleitung
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

In dieser Einleitung erzähle ich die Geschichte meiner Dissertation. Da diese Geschichte eine persönliche ist, habe ich mir erlaubt, diese, im Gegensatz zum Rest der vorliegenden Arbeit, aus der Ich-Perspektive zu schreiben. Auch der Stil dieses Kapitels mag etwas prosaischer sein, als es in den anderen Abschnitten der Fall ist.
Theoretischer Rahmen
Authors: Stenzel Thomas
Published: October 2022

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das universitäre Problemlösen genauer zu untersuchen sowie eine Fördermaßnahme zur Problemlösekompetenz von Studienanfängern zu entwickeln. In Abschnitt 2.1 werden zunächst die Schwierigkeiten von Studienanfängern der Mathematik beschrieben und einige bestehende und geplante Maßnahmen aufgezählt, die bei der Bewältigung dieser Schwierigkeiten helfen sollen. Anschließend werden Untersuchungen von Problemlöse- und Beweisprozessen zusammengefasst. Die vorliegende Studie wird dann in die bestehende Literatur eingeordnet. In Abschnitt 2.2 wird danach erläutert, wie ein Problem definiert ist und welche Modelle zur Beschreibung von Problemlöseprozessen es gibt. In Abschnitt 2.3 werden die vier Einflussfaktoren auf das Problemlösen nach Schoenfeld (1985), Ressourcen, Heurismen, Kontrolle und Überzeugungen beschrieben. Vor einer kurzen Zusammenfassung (Abschnitt 2.5) werden in Abschnitt 2.4 verschiedene Konzeptionen vorgestellt, auf deren Grundlage die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene Intervention entwickelt wurde.
Introduction to Organization, Leadership, and Change in ODDE: The Critical Importance of Institutional Leadership
Authors: Paul Ross
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides an overview of the 11 other chapters in Section III of the Handbook which address issues of Organisation, Leadership and Change. It pays particular attention to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perceptions of ODDE, noting both the benefits of the greatly enhanced international interest in on-line learning and the negative perceptions associated with its misuse during the sudden demand for emergency remote teaching in conventional educational institutions. It envisions a blurring of distinctions between conventional and ODDE institutions with consequent opportunities for the latter. While these issues are pursued through various perspectives in the Section III chapters, there is a unifying theme of the critical importance of institutional leadership throughout and a concomitant focus on how leadership has to change in a rapidly evolving international context. The chapter envisions a bright future for ODDE but only if critical issues of institutional leadership are addressed and if those leading conventional institutions are made aware of the research and experience emanating from the established ODDE sector.
Robotische Hernienchirurgie Teil IV
Authors: Dewulf Maxime , Dietz Ulrich A. , Montgomery Agneta , Pauli Eric M. , Marturano Matthew N. , Ayuso Sullivan A. , Augenstein Vedra A. , Lambrecht Jan R. , Köhler Gernot , Keller Nicola , Wiegering Armin , Muysoms Filip
Published: October 2022

Die chirurgische Behandlung parastomaler Hernien gilt als komplex und ist bekanntermaßen komplikationsträchtig. In der Vergangenheit wurden diese Hernien durch die Relokation des Stomas oder Nahtverfahren der Austrittstelle versorgt. In den letzten Jahren wurden verschiedene netzbasierte Techniken vorgeschlagen, die heute in der minimal-invasiven Chirurgie eingesetzt werden. Mit der Verbreitung der roboterassistierten Hernienchirurgie wurden die Netzverfahren weiterentwickelt und die Ergebnisse für die Patienten erheblich verbessert. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die verfügbaren Techniken der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien präsentiert. Es werden technische Überlegungen und erste Ergebnisse des roboterassistierten modifizierten Sugarbaker-Verfahrens, der roboterassistierten Pauli-Technik und der Verwendung des trichterförmigen Netzes IPST vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Herausforderungen bei der roboterassistierten Versorgung parastomaler Hernien am Ileum-Conduit diskutiert. Die Operationstechniken werden durch Foto- und Videomaterial veranschaulicht.
Evidence (-based medicine) in manual medicine/manual therapy—a summary review
Authors: Beyer Lothar , Vinzelberg Stephan , Loudovici-Krug Dana
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this summary review is to analyse the current state of evidence in manual medicine or manual therapy.

Methods

The literature search focussed on systematic reviews listed in PubMed referring to manual medicine treatment until the beginning of 2022, limited to publications in English or German. The search concentrates on (1) manipulation, (2) mobilization, (3) functional/musculoskeletal and (4) fascia. The CASP Checklist for Systematic Reviews was used to present the included reviews in a clear way.

Results

A total of 67 publications were included and herewith five categories: low back pain, neck pain, extremities, temporomandibular disorders and additional effects. The results were grouped in accordance with study questions.

Conclusion

Based on the current systematic reviews, a general evidence-based medicine level III is available, with individual studies reaching level II or Ib. This allows manual medicine treatment or manual therapy to be used in a valid manner.
Concepts of data collection for the CAD-integrated isogeometric analysis
Authors: Teschemacher Tobias , Bauer Anna M. , Aristio Ricky , Meßmer Manuel , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe
Published: October 2022

This publication presents required steps for the realization of the pre- and post-processing for the isogeometric analysis and the isogeometric B-Rep analysis, with a focus on the collection of required data. It reveals the essential prerequisites for the preparation and the collection of geometrical information, which are merged with physical information for the creation of numerical models. It addresses both the direct computation on existing CAD drawings and the geometrical design during the preparation of the numerical models. The developments are presented through the example of the open source Rhino plugin Cocodrilo, which shall bring IGA to a larger community, including research and industrial facilities.
Novel Robotic-Assisted Cryobiopsy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Oberg Catherine L. , Lau Ryan P. , Folch Erik E. , He Tao , Ronaghi Reza , Susanto Irawan , Channick Colleen , Tome Rodrigo Garcia , Oh Scott
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Tissue acquisition in lung cancer is vital for multiple reasons. Primary reasons reported for molecular testing failure in lung cancer biopsy specimens include insufficient amount of tumor cells provided and inadequate tissue quality. Robotic bronchoscopy is a new tool enabling peripheral pulmonary lesion sampling; however, diagnostic yield remains imperfect possibly due to the location of nodules adjacent to or outside of the airway. The 1.1-mm cryoprobe is a novel diagnostic tool and accesses tissue in a 360-degree manner, thus potentially sampling eccentric/adjacent lesions. This study examines the diagnostic yield of the cryoprobe compared to standard needle aspiration and forceps biopsy. It additionally evaluates yield for molecular markers in cases of lung cancer.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of 112 patients with 120 peripheral pulmonary lesions biopsied via robotic bronchoscopy using needle aspirate, forceps, and cryobiopsy.

Results

The overall diagnostic yield was 90%. Nearly 18% of diagnoses were made exclusively from the cryobiopsy sample. Molecular analysis was adequate on all cryobiopsy samples sent. Digital imaging software confirmed an increase in quantity and quality of samples taken via cryobiopsy compared to needle aspirate and traditional forceps biopsy.

Conclusion

Using the 1.1-mm cryoprobe to biopsy PPN combined with the Ion robotic bronchoscopy system is safe, feasible, and provides more diagnostic tissue than needle aspirates or traditional forceps biopsies. The combination of cryobiopsy with robotic-assisted bronchoscopy increased diagnostic yield, likely due to its 360-degree tissue acquisition which is beneficial when targeting extraluminal lesions adjacent to the airway.
Surgery-related characteristics, efficacy, safety and surgical team satisfaction of three-dimensional heads-up system versus traditional microscopic equipment for various vitreoretinal diseases
Authors: Zhao Xin-yu , Zhao Qing , Li Ning-ning , Meng Li-hui , Zhang Wen-fei , Wang Er-qian , Chen You-xin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To compare the three-dimensional (3D) heads-up surgery with the traditional microscopic (TM) surgery for various vitreoretinal diseases.

Methods

A medical record review of patients that underwent 3D heads-up or TM vitreoretinal surgeries was performed from May 2020 to October 2021 in this retrospective case–control study. Main outcome measures included surgery-related characteristics, efficacy, safety, and satisfaction feedback from the surgical team.

Results

A total of 220 (47.6%) and 242 (52.4%) eyes were included in the 3D and TM groups, respectively. The 3D heads-up system significantly benefits delicate surgical steps, like the epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling for ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular holes (P < 0.05). The 3D heads-up system could facilitate a significantly better visual outcome for pathologic myopic foveoschisis (P = 0.049), while no difference by TM surgery (P = 0.45). For the satisfaction feedback, the 3D heads-up system was rated significantly higher in most subscales and the overall score (P < 0.05). The surgeons’ ratings on operating accuracy and the first assistants’ rating on operating accuracy and operation cooperation were significantly higher in the TM group than in the 3D group (P < 0.05). Besides that, the 3D heads-up surgery was comparable with TM surgery in the surgery-related characteristics, choice of tamponades, postoperative VA, primary anatomic success, and perioperative complications (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of the 3D heads-up surgery were generally comparable to the TM surgery. The 3D heads-up system could significantly benefit delicate surgical steps and achieve better surgical team satisfaction.
Employment trajectories and mental health-related disability in Belgium
Authors: Balogh Rebeka , Gadeyne Sylvie , Jonsson Johanna , Sarkar Sudipa , Van Aerden Karen , Warhurst Chris , Vanroelen Christophe
Published: October 2022

Objectives

An individual’s quality of employment over time has been highlighted as a potential determinant of mental health. With mental ill-health greatly contributing to work incapacities and disabilities in Belgium, the present study aims to explore whether mental health, as indicated by registered mental health-related disability, is structured along the lines of employment quality, whereby employment quality is assessed over time as part of individuals’ labour market trajectories.

Methods

Using administrative data from the Belgian Crossroads Bank for Social Security over 16 quarters between 2006 and 2009, transitions between waged jobs of varying quality (based on dimensions of income, working time, employment stability and multiple jobholding), self-employment, and unemployment are considered among individuals in the labour force aged 30–40 at baseline (n = 41,065 women and 45,667 men). With Multichannel Sequence Analysis and clustering, we constructed ideal types of employment trajectories. Fitting Cox regressions, we then evaluated individuals’ hazard of experiencing a disability from a mental disorder between 2010 and 2016.

Results

Our analysis highlights various gender-specific trajectories. Among both genders, individuals exposed to near-constant unemployment over the initial 4 years showed the highest hazard of subsequent mental health-related disability compared to a group characterised by stable full-time employment, single jobholding, and above-median income. Trajectories involving a higher probability of subsidised and non-standard employment and (potential) spells of unemployment and lower relative income were also strong predictors of cause-specific disabilities. Health selection and confounding might, however, be contributing factors.

Conclusions

Our study shows a gradient of mental disorders resulting in a disability along trajectory types. Our findings highlight the predictive power of labour market trajectories and their employment quality for subsequent mental disorder-related disability. Future research should examine the mechanisms, including selection effects in this association.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided gastrojejunostomy in the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction: multi-centre experience from the United Kingdom
Authors: On Wei , Huggett Matthew T. , Young Alistair , Pine James , Smith Andrew M. , Tehami Nadeem , Maher Ben , Pereira Stephen P. , Johnson Gavin , Paranandi Bharat
Published: October 2022

Background

Endoscopic ultrasound guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) with lumen apposing metal stents has recently emerged as a viable option, as an alternative to surgical gastrojejunostomy and endoscopic enteral stenting, for managing gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). We aim to perform a retrospective analysis of the efficacy, safety and outcomes of EUS-GJ performed at three tertiary institutions in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-GJ between August 2018 and March 2021 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Data were obtained from interrogation of electronic health records.

Results

Twenty five patients (15 males) with a median age of 63 years old (range 29–80) were included for analysis. 88% (22/25) of patients had GOO due to underlying malignant disease. All patients were deemed surgically inoperable or at high surgical risk. Both technical and clinical success were achieved in 92% (23/25) of patients. There was an improvement in the mean Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System scores following a technically successful EUS-GJ (2.52 vs 0.68, p < 0.01). Adverse events occurred in 2/25 patients (8%), both due to stent maldeployment necessitating endoscopic closure of the gastric defect with clips. Long-term follow-up data were available for 21 of 23 patients and the re-intervention rate was 4.8% (1/21) over a median follow-up period of 162 (range 5–474) days.

Conclusion

EUS-GJ in carefully selected patients is an effective and safe procedure when performed by experienced endoscopists.
‘Share your views’—international consultation informs a patient engagement strategy for the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
Authors: Wardill Hannah R. , Cheung Yin Ting , Boltong Anna , Charalambous Andreas , Koczwara Bogda , Lustberg Maryam , Tomlins Elaine , Britto Joanne M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Engaging with patients and the public (consumers and community) enhances the relevance of cancer control developments; however, challenges remain to integrate into processes. Medical and other professional societies are well-positioned to foster and endorse best practice.

Methods

Between October and December 2021, the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) conducted a global consultation with those who identified as “people affected by cancer”. Recruitment to an online cross-sectional survey was by a combination of purposive and convenience sampling to determine preferred terminologies and experiences with MASCC and other cancer-related societies.

Results

The survey was completed by 343 respondents from 29 countries, a majority being female (78.1%) and younger than 60 years of age (62.1%). Respondents preferred to be identified as ‘patient’ from a set of defined terms; however, this only accounted for 49–67% of selected response across geographical regions. Only 22.2% of respondents had engaged previously with MASCC, of whom 90.8% reported a positive experience through involvement with education and information, networking and collaboration, and practice guidelines. Respondents perceived areas of opportunity as early involvement in decision-making, educational initiatives, open communication, and information sharing. Across all geographical regions, responders chose a preference to contribute to future consumer research (53.0%), policy (31.7%) or consumer engagement activities (56.9%) including participation in a conference session (65.0%) or patient day (47.9%).

Conclusions

This survey provides a first insight into how consumers wish to engage with MASCC. These values will be embedded into a strategy that aims for effective and sustainable partnerships with multinational consumers.
Investigation of the Influence of Grain-Scale Heterogeneity on Strainburst Proneness Using Rock-Like Material
Authors: Klammer A. , Peintner C. , Gottsbacher L. , Biermann J. , Bluemel M. , Schubert W. , Marcher T.
Published: October 2022

As mining and tunnelling projects advance to deeper areas, strainbursts occur more frequently. This failure mode is extremely dangerous, as the rock mass fails abruptly, releasing high amounts of energy. This poses a high risk to the life of workers and equipment used. For a robust strainburst risk assessment many factors have to be taken into account. Besides geological features, overburden, excavation method, etc., rocks’ intrinsic proneness to strainburst plays a major role. Whether a rock tends to this failure behaviour depends strongly on the rocks’ mechanical and structural characteristics at the grain-level, especially on its heterogeneity. The authors demonstrate this based on different rock-like sample sets, consisting of a very fine-grained fibreless ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and a constant volumetric fraction of coarse aggregates. Thereby, the heterogeneity aspect was introduced by the different properties of the aggregates. A laboratory program was performed, taking into account uniaxial compression tests (including post-failure tests to evaluate the failure energy) and Acoustic Emission Testing (to monitor the cracking activity). The study underlines the high suitability of using Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) in strainburst risk assessment. In addition, the authors analyse empirical parameters commonly used to evaluate rocks’ intrinsic proneness to strainburst, and give recommendations regarding their application. Overall, the study substantiates former research and emphasises the usefulness of petrographic information within strainburst risk analysis. It also sets the base for future research on real rock, which will hopefully lead to more specific recommendations for practitioners on how to include rocks’ grain-scale characteristics in strainburst risk analysis.
Goodbye China: What Do Fewer Foreigners Mean for Multinationals and the Chinese Economy?
Authors: Bickenbach Frank , Liu Wan-Hsin
Published: October 2022

The number of foreigners living in China is very low in international comparison and has further declined recently. While the strict COVID-19-related travel restrictions played a major role in this decline, there are indications that the decline started in part before the pandemic and may well continue once the pandemic-related restrictions are lifted. Against this background, this article discusses the economic challenges that the reduction in the number of foreigners is causing for Western multinationals operating in China and to the Chinese economy more generally. The consequences could spill over to the world economy and reinforce economic and technological decoupling tendencies between China and the West.
The Cost of War: A Comment and a Reply
Authors: Coleman Charles D. , Sologoub Ilona
Published: October 2022

In the July/August issue of Intereconomics, Ilona Sologoub argued that increasing the cost of war would limit the ability of an authoritarian state to wage a war. Here, Charles D. Coleman comments on this statement and offers clarification, followed by a reply from Sologoub.
The Euro Area in Between Crises? Considerations on Fiscal Policies and Rules
Authors: Checherita-Westphal Cristina , Hauptmeier Sebastian , Leiner-Killinger Nadine
Published: October 2022

Credibility of the revised fiscal rules will be crucial so that vulnerable countries can benefit from confidence effects. National ownership will be key in that respect and can be supported via a stronger role of independent national fiscal institutions.
Repeated hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases: is this concept safe and feasible?
Authors: von Heesen Maximilian , Schuld Jochen , Holländer Sebastian , Spiliotis Antonios E. , Merscher Anna , Scherber Philipp R. , Igna Dorian , Gäbelein Gereon , Glanemann Matthias
Published: October 2022

Background

The beneficial outcomes of hepatectomy in patients with colorectal metastases have encouraged the attempts of repeated hepatectomy in patients with recurrent disease. Although studies have provided encouraging results regarding perioperative outcomes and survival rates following repeated hepatectomy, it remains unclear whether the reported outcomes reflect the therapeutic results of redo hepatectomy or rather reflect the effect of selection bias. The aim of this study was to investigate differences among patients who underwent single and repeated hepatectomy and to hereby identify prognostic factors that contribute to the premises of repeated resection.

Methods

Patients who underwent hepatectomy due to colorectal metastases were listed in a retrospective database. Study participants were divided into a single partial hepatectomy group, a multiple partial hepatectomies group, and into subgroups of two or more than two hepatectomies.

Results

A total of 338 patients with 439 partial liver resections were included in the analysis. The overall survival rate after 1, 3, and 5 years was 89%, 56%, and 36%, respectively. The survival benefit in patients who underwent multiple partial liver resections versus those with a single partial resection was 10%, 16%, and 4% after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Repeated hepatectomy was not associated with increased rates of surgical and non-surgical complications.

Conclusion

Beneficial outcomes have been found in terms of median overall survival and perioperative morbidity in patients with recurrence of colorectal hepatic metastases after partial and tissue-sparing repeated liver resections.
Testimony by Presupposition
Authors: Keller Paula
Published: October 2022

Testimony is a source of knowledge. A speaker asserts what a hearer may therefore come to know. Assertion has widely been treated as the exclusive or at least the paradigmatic vehicle for testimony. I argue that we testify not only by asserting something, but also by taking something for granted within some other utterance. In philosophy of language, this is called semantic presupposition. The very reasons leading theorists of testimony have for thinking that assertion can be testimony are equally reasons for thinking semantic presupposition can be testimony.