bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative Review Approach on the Readiness of the Vertical Greenery Adaptation to the Public-School Building in Malaysia
Authors: Isa Farhana Mohammed , Mustapha Arniatul Aiza , Adnan Hamimah , Ahmad Che Bon , Mutiara Maitri Widya
Published: October 2022

Global climate concerns include deforestation and environmental change. The implementation of the concept of reintroducing nature to the urban school landscape may promote sustainable development and enhance the city’s environment quality. The Vertical Greenery System (VGS) is an important aspect in public school building because it offers sustainable urban schooling the benefits. However, low awareness school amongst government and public, as well as concerning on additional cost of construction and maintenance have become a barrier in adopting the VGS in public-school. Due to lack of studies and analysis on VGS implementation in schools, this paper aims to examine the VGS adaptation strategies towards the readiness of VGS implementation in public school buildings as well as the implications for students’ social well-being. This paper focuses on using a narrative review method and deductive thematic analysis to perceive the readiness of VGS adaptation amongst government and public in public school building. The projected outcome will explore the cost-benefits of VGS installation, with considerations of environment, and social well-being towards public-school. Hence, this paper also suggested that VGS can significantly improve the student learning performance, social interaction amongst student’s experience and overall built environment of public-school.
The Influential Factors Effects Schedule and Cost Performance toward Productivity Attainment in Green Construction Projects.
Authors: Asyikin Mahat Noor Aisyah , Adnan Hamimah , Yusuwan Mysarah Maisham Norazian Mohamad , Adilah Ismail Noor Akmal
Published: October 2022

Productivity growth is indeed an essential aspect to consider when assessing the productive potential of a nation’s economy. This study paper aims to identify the key factors affecting schedule and cost performance of Green Construction Projects (GCPs) that may contribute to the productivity attainment of the projects. Quantitative methodology which involved a questionnaire survey was send out to the construction green stakeholder. A total of 128 sets of questionnaires were analyse using Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 statistical software. Findings have shown that the most influential factors that affect the cost performance are the high initial cost to the development of green buildings. As for schedule performance, the respondent highlights the crucial issue was the unfamiliarity with green technologies which may lead to technical difficulties during a construction process, henceforth give effect to GCP delivery. It is important to comprehend all essential aspects influencing construction productivity so that stakeholders may develop and implement strategies that are aligned with the goal and vision of the Green Nation Agenda. Despite the study’s limitations, it is hoped that the findings will contribute significantly to productivity improvement in GCP, particularly in the Malaysian construction industry, in order to accomplish construction projects in a timely manner and at a lower cost.
Public Perception on Involvement in Solid Waste Management Process and Practices: A Case Study of Johor Bharu, Malaysia
Authors: Aiman Abd Khair Mohammad Syahir , Ahmad Puziah Bt , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati
Published: October 2022

Effective and efficient service delivery of urban service is paramount, especially in the ever-growing urban population. A high number of populations residing in urban areas has increased waste generation. Around the world, municipalities, especially in developing countries have to increase their waste management budget and various initiatives to deal with the generated waste. One of the preferable initiatives for developing countries in dealing with waste management issues is through the involvement of the public in the process and practices. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the perception of the public involvement in the process and practices of solid waste management in Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 260 respondents in a mixed density residential housing scheme participated in the questionnaires survey. Therefore, several recommendations are put forward to enhance the cooperation of the public and municipalities in the solid waste management process and practices.
Exploring Participatory Placemaking in Malaysia Using Embedded Ethnographies with Practitioners Approach
Authors: Qamaruz Zaman N , Kamarudin H , Bakri A F , Nik Azhari N F
Published: October 2022

The transition to a place-based approach in urban regeneration has heightened the significance of increasing inclusion and capability for participatory governance, collaborative planning, and implementation of projects. Within place branding and global city competitions, smaller placemaking efforts have become an increasingly popular approach in urban regeneration, especially in the historic urban centres worldwide, including George Town, Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. However, placemaking is a complex and ambiguous concept that may operate within the formal planning structure, or grow organically from the grassroots or appear in protests to a particular development due to emotional connection to particular places. Internal factors such as social-cultural, economic, political, and governance characteristics inside places were claimed to affect the ambiguity of placemaking, as were external variables such as global connections and market trends. This paper discusses the ethnography of case studies methodology adopted to understand the interaction between government-market-civil society nexus that shaped distinctive models of placemaking within the urban regeneration agenda in the historic cities mentioned above. Overt participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used in this research to gather real-life data on participatory placemaking from a constructivist and interpretivism epistemological stance. This paper provides a detailed description of the steps and processes of ethnographic research in the built environment, which may encourage other researchers who believe that ‘urban centres are constructed by the multiple realities of their context, which requires an emphatic understanding of human action’ to adopt a similar methodology.
Landsat observation of urban growth and land use change using NDVI and NDBI analysis
Authors: Yasin Muhammad Yazrin , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Noor Norzailawati Mohd , Yusoff Mariney Mohd , Noor Nisfariza Mohd
Published: October 2022

Landsat observation has numerous potentials as a quantitative approach in regional scale monitoring of urban growth and environmental change. To achieve this approach, three Landsat data of year 1991 (TM), 2005 (ETM+) and 2019 (OLI-TIRS) has been acquired, classified, and accurately assessed. The research assesses spatio-temporal urban growth, its pattern and land use land cover (LULC) changes of using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Building Index (NDBI) analysis. NDVI were performed for vegetation monitoring especially on loss of vegetation land while NDBI were performed for identification of dense urban and built-up areas. The NDVI and NDBI density results show a significant decreased of vegetation land and a leap up increased of urban and built-up land use. This indicates a significant rapid growth development and a vast transformation of agricultural and forest land into low density development. A rapid urban growth of regional development corridor has significant influence on environment change especially to their periphery. The utilization of both NDVI and NDBI as surrogates has the capability to provide dynamic view and improve the accuracy of land use land cover change analysis. The study showed urban growth has quadrupled from 1991 to 2019 with most rapid growth was from 1991 to 2005 due to greater low-density development and a discontinue growth pattern in the past years compare with much sustainable higher-density development in the recent years.
Risk Factors on Civil Engineering Projects
Authors: Idris Muhammad Hafizuddin , Adnan Hamimah , Azrin Baharuddin Har Einur , Mohd Zaki Zulkhairy Affandy , Wan Ismail Wan Norizan
Published: October 2022

The efficiency of the construction organization can be seen if the organization manages the encountered construction risks efficiently. The opportunity to increase efficiency and profitability in the construction industry is demonstrated by good risk management. The construction industry is well known for its risks and uncertainty, which can possibly have negative outcomes for the construction projects. This paper aims to identify the common risk factors in risk mitigation for civil engineering projects in Malaysia. Quantitative methodology which involved survey questionnaires were sent out to 250 respondents including Grade G7 contractors registered under the Construction Industry Board Malaysia, engineers, project managers, architects, quantity surveyors and others, with 47% responded. It appeared that construction delay, late payment by client, unavailability of funds, poor communication among construction parties and coordination of works among construction were the common risk factors in risk mitigation and have significant impacts on their projects. With extensive risk assessment procedures conducted and a rigorous process with regular meetings among all members of the team, it will keep track those changes and update the mitigation plan.
Barriers in Implementing Life Cycle Costing in Malaysia’s Green Construction Projects
Authors: Maisham Mysarah , Adnan Hamimah , Adillah Ismail Noor Akmal , Asyikin Mahat Noor Aisyah , Mohd Yussof Farrah Norizzah
Published: October 2022

Life cycle costing (LCC) is a tool used worldwide to assess the expected economic performance of a building throughout its life cycle. The application of LCC within the construction industry is still lacking, especially in the development of green construction projects despite the many benefits it has been linked to. This paper aims to identify the main barriers in implementing LCC in green construction projects. The research adopted a quantitative method by conducting questionnaires survey distributed through traditional mail and e-mail as well as online platforms to 700 respondents from various backgrounds, namely architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, and other professionals. A total of one hundred and eighty-seven (187) completed and usable questionnaires were collected and analyzed by using frequency descriptive analysis and by mean value using IBM SPSS Statistic 26. The findings indicate that barriers relevant to project clients and the government were the main barriers to LCC implementation in green construction projects. It gives an understanding that both clients and the government play significant roles in promoting the use of LCC. The findings are beneficial to industry practitioners of green developments as a reference to enhance the LCC process and to devise more effective strategies to promote acceptance of LCC in Malaysia’s green construction projects.
Teaching Legal Research and Studies for Built Environment Students in Malaysian Universities
Authors: Hassan Ahmad Arzlee , Mohd Zaki Zulkhairy Affandy , Mohammad Kamil Abdul Izz , Nasir Nasyairi Mat , Ejau Ruth Lua
Published: October 2022

Legal studies and law related subject are unattractive to technical, engineering and design-based students. The research aims to explore the best way to approach legal studies for built environment students by examining the perceptions towards legal subjects, studying the method used in universities and finally, obtaining the best approach to tackle the least popular subject. Questionnaires were distributed to built environment students from Malaysian universities. The data collected were then processed using SPSS Software to better analyse the outcome. It is discovered that the students acknowledged the importance of legal subjects in preparing them for the industry. However, due to the unfamiliar nature and style of studies from what these students are accustomed to, deterred the students from taking great interest in the subjects. Improvement in the content of the syllabus and teaching approach are important in effort to make it less ‘black letter’ and less traditional, into something more animated and built-environment-friendly.
A Methodology to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Designers’ Cognitive Process when Using Multi-user Virtual Reality
Authors: binti Azizo Adlin Shaflina , binti Ali Kherun Nita , Iahad Noorminshah Binti A. , Binti Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Mat Dzahir Mohd Azwarie Bin , Abdul Rahiman Nafisah Binti
Published: October 2022

This paper proposed the mixed-mode methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of the cognitive process when using Multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) in the design review sessions. The research explains that the design review is an essential part of the planning process. It evaluates the client’s requirements against the designers’ design before the construction starts. Quality communication among the designers and clients plays a central role in enhancing the output of the design review session, apart from the quality in visualisation during the presentation. A multi-user VR system with a head-mounted display allows users to fully immerse into the virtual environment (VE) during the design review process and subsequently achieve quality discussion and decision-making. This paper describes the process of data collection in quantitative and qualitative methods, where questionnaires will be distributed to determine the state-of-the-art of the designers’ cognitive processes when they are involved in the design review session. Parallelly, an experiment on the use of multi-user VR during a design review session will be conducted. Users (Designers) will be interviewed before and after the experiment. Finally, multi-user VR’s effectiveness will be identified by comparing the findings from both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Which Factors Contribute to the Homeownership Decision? A Preliminary Study of Malaysia’s Young Adult
Authors: Aziz Fatin , Wan Rodi Wan Norhishamuddin , Arif Masri Abdul Munir
Published: October 2022

Young adults refer to those between 25 and 40 years of age who had established themselves in the society. The increasing house price and interest rates has put homeownership among young adults are at risk. Most of young adults in Malaysia are opted to renting rather than owning the house. This research aims to assess the challenges faced by young adults in owning a house in Klang Valley. Klang Valley is chosen as study area because it is the center for development and economic of Malaysia, thus has been the focus of government policy and developer activities pertaining to housing. The survey was conducted with 385 respondents who stays and work in Klang Valley, by using simple random sampling. The data were collected and analyzed to have a better understanding on the challenges facing by young adults in owning a house in Klang Valley area. The study discovers that the most significant main factor influencing homeownership decision was location factors (M= 3.79), followed by Behavioral Factors (M=3.46) and lastly, Financial & Economic Factors (M=3.22).
Mitigating the Structural Governing Challenges for Waqf Land Development in Malaysia Through Special Property Development Entity (SPDE)
Authors: Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Shazrin , Hanif Noor Rosly , Mahamood Siti Mashitoh
Published: October 2022

The progression of waqf land development in Malaysia is moderate, considering that it is not on the mainstream agenda of the country. Although waqf exists as a religious instrument, it has become an excellent support system for socio-economic development and has contributed to overall public wellness. Anyhow, the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRCs) who become the sole trustee for waqf in the respective states in Malaysia were facing some structural challenges and searching for effective solutions. With the help from literature, this paper has grouped these structural challenges into three, namely as the legislations, administrations, and obligations. Thus, has opened the opportunity for the Special Property Development Entity (SPDE) to offer some solutions to partially resolve the threats of these structural challenges towards waqf land development. The study had interviewed fourteen SIRCs to explore the challenges and solicit the suitability and acceptance of SPDE in the SIRCs. Overall, the SIRCs did not implement the SPDE except for Selangor. However, the SPDE has its potential and can solve some of the structural challenges if the SIRCs implemented this idea. This paper is using the Structure and Agency Model as the basis to understand and resolve the issues at hand.
Potential Use of Transparent Wood in Spatial Folded Structures
Authors: Karľa V , Bajzecerová V , Kanócz J
Published: October 2022

Transparent wood is a relatively new material, the manufacturing starts with removing the lignin from wood veneer and infiltrating the delignified wood by a polymer thereafter. Transparent wood usually proves better mechanical properties than original wood and polymer. The article presents the potential use of transparent wood in bearing structures. The transparent wood could be used as I-beams structures, box beams, trusses, or folded structures. A spatial folded structure was numerically analyzed. Various types of transparent wood or transparent plywood were used. A comparison with commonly used materials, such as glass and other wood-based materials were made. The comparison shows that transparent wood has great potential in the use as a structural material. The plywood made from transparent wood veneer with the alternating direction of wood fibers acts as a laminate and allows a biaxial load transfer, which can be successfully used in a thin plate of the spatial folded structure while maintaining relatively good transparency.
New test equipment for testing the watertightness of facade structures in-situ
Authors: Bielek B , Szabo D , Klem J
Published: October 2022

With the current trend of construction of high-rise buildings in urban agglomerations, ensuring watertightness of their facade structures exposed to the effects of high-intensity wind-driven rain is coming to the fore. Laboratory experimental testing of water impermeability of elements of building envelope structures and their joints is performed in the process of preparation of the facade implementation in accordance with STN EN 1027: 2002 in rain chamber equipment. Due to the fact that the quality and functional properties of the finished facade are significantly influenced by the assembly technology and work discipline in its implementation, successful testing of the facade and its components in the rain chamber may not guarantee the watertightness of the finished facade. For this reason, the investor has the opportunity to check the finished facade in terms of its hydrodynamic safety and reliability by a functional test of its watertightness according to the standard regulation STN EN 13051 Curtain walling - Watertightness - Site test. The article describes in detail the new technological device for the implementation of the in-situ watertightness test of the facade, the measurement methodology, including its functional verification on the facade of the high-rise administrative building Nivy Tower in Bratislava.
Comparison between flood damages evaluation methods and selection of the appropriate method for application in Slovakia
Authors: Hlinková M , Bujanský P , Abd-Elhamid H
Published: October 2022

Flood damages come immediately with flood events. There is a wide range of models and methods that can be used for its evaluation, which bring satisfactory but not exact results. The rate of flood damages estimation can differ significantly from the real damages measured after the real flood. The current paper presents three methodologies for assessing flood damages including INSYDE model, AGRIDE-c model and RASOR platform. These methodologies are compared and their suitability for application to available data is analysed. The available data includes the number of damaged elements due to flood as well as the extent of the flooded area. Results of comparison shows that the INSYDE model and RASOR platform could be possibly modified and applied to the available data, but there are significant changes and further analysis needed. The analysis of selected methods shows the data that are needed must be first obtained from other source, then modified, and then could be applied. But we do not have the same data, so the further studies need significant changes.
Climate change adaptation in pavement design
Authors: Hodakova D , Zuzulova A , Capayova S
Published: October 2022

Since 2011, the change in climatic characteristics has emerged as one of the three most common environmental risks today. Global warming forecasts warn that by 2100, our planet could warm by an average of 3.5 to 7.5 °C. In Europe, over the last 140 years, the average annual air temperature has risen by about 1.5 °C. In Slovakia, it was an increase of 1.7 - 1.8 °C on average. The consequences of these changes in road construction are immediate and intense and require adequate adaptation measures.

Long-term measurements of climatic conditions in Slovakia were the basis for assessing changes in average daily air temperatures in individual seasons. With the design of road pavements and calculations of pavement structure models, we have also tested road construction materials - especially asphalt mixtures. The results were used to correct the values of input data, design criteria, as well as in measures to reduce the impact of changes in climatic conditions.

The paper focuses on the characterization of the climatic conditions in Slovakia and the changes reflected in the design of the road constructions; also provides some insights into the solution of partial problems in the field of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement.
Plastic zones in the pin connection of the laminated lattice girder
Authors: Tomko M , Demjan I
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with a static reanalysis of the existing ice-rink bearing steel structure which proves all the bearing members of the object after additional loading by new roof coat. In addition to experimental measurements carried out to diagnose the bearing roof steel structure and its elements needed for static assess the structure’s current state, pressure coefficients in individual parts of the structure were defined by means of ANSYS software and consequently used in static analysis of wind effects. According to the static analysis results, the repair of initial state was designed and realized, with designing of details needed to be modified. By means of ANSYS software, the detail of pin joint support of laminated lattice-girders was 3D-modeled with volume elements. The deformation-stress analysis of the mentioned detail was also performed by considering of elastic-plastic material with linear hardening.
The potential of lightweight panel systems in building industry
Authors: Kozlovská M , Mokrenko D , Struková Z , Špak M
Published: October 2022

The current construction technologies are often characterized as ineffective, with long construction times, heavy structural weight, increased financial and labour cost, and environmentally unsustainable. Innovative construction methods, including modern lightweight panel systems, are characterized by low weight (this affects not only transport characteristics but also the production, such as easier handling of the panels), faster construction time, the guaranteed quality due to industrial production in a factory, economic efficiency and many other benefits. The presented study examined the potential of efficiency and performance of four variants of lightweight construction panels in the context of the required essential properties of prefabricated construction elements, as well as in comparison with the variant of "heavy" prefabricated concrete panel system.
Early-age strains and stresses in bi-axially restrained expansive concrete elements
Authors: Tur V V , Sannikava V H
Published: October 2022

Practical application of expansive concretes in reinforced concrete structures needs the rational design model for assessment the early-age stress-strain parameters of self-stressing concrete elements under any restraint conditions during the expansion stage. Various strategies are used to calculate the restrained expansion strains and self-stresses but, in most cases, disregarding the elastic-plastic behaviour of expansive concrete at early ages. It’s noticeable that in case of bi-axial restraint conditions both the elastic-plastic parameters of expansive concrete and the influence of restraint in orthogonal directions should be taken into consideration. To achieve a reliable solution a design model for estimation the restrained expansion strains and self-stresses in self-stressed structural elements under bi-axial restraint conditions (2D MSDM) at expansion stage has been developed. The proposed design model is based on the MSDM for the case of uniaxial restraint arrangement. The validation of 2D MSDM was confirmed by the experimental results of expansive concrete elements under 2D confinement carried out by authors as well as obtained by other researchers.
Analysis of alternative designs for the reconstruction of an administrative building – case study
Authors: Sedlakova A , Merjava V , Vilcekova S , Gmitter M , Burak D
Published: October 2022

An old office building located on the Garbiarska street, historic part of Kosice city, east of Slovakia was selected because it represents a brownfield and necessarily requires reconstruction. This study is aimed at the analysis of two design alternative solutions to underline the architecture of the reconstruction in terms of sustainability criteria taking into account the significance of the history of the city and its surroundings. Performed SWOT analysis considered strengths and weaknesses of restoration, opportunities and threats, shows that the most suitable is considering a restoration strategy in terms of preserving cultural heritage, at the same time restoring the building in the concept of green architecture. It is more than necessary to prioritize this renovation strategy over an economically viable renovation while maintaining the inappropriate height of the office building. This early analysis confirms the significance of the revitalization of territories in connection to the improvement of quality of life, the enhancement of the historical value of the locality and the creation of new economic opportunities.
Influence of the longitudinal steel ration in RC beams and steel reinforcement ration in RC slabs on the seismic energy dissipation mechanisms for a MR RC frame structure
Authors: Sococol I , Petrescu T C , Mihai P , Babor D T
Published: October 2022

The MR RC frame structures present a special engineering interest regarding the practical mode of ductile seismic response, through plastic hinges formation in specially designed RC beams end areas and inferior zones of the RC columns from the ground floor. Thus, it was proposed to verify the capacity design concept for this structural system type through seismic response observation of the optimal MR RC frame model. Until this objective is achieved, it was proposed to perform a complex analytical study, which has as finality the current research paper. Thus, in the previous analytical studies the influence of the concrete strength class, the influence of the longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio in RC columns and influence of the RC beams cross sections on the local and global seismic response for a group of RC frame models were analysed. In these conditions, the present paper contains the results obtained in previous research papers and concludes the current analytical study through the observation of the effectiveness of the inferior longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio in the RC beams on the cracking mode, in potentially plastic areas. Finally, it was specified that the K_7 RC frame model represents the optimal structural system for the experimental test.
Mechanical fracture parameters of hemp fibre reinforced cement-based composites with recycled aggregate
Authors: Simonova H , Kucharczykova B , Poletanovic B , Merta I , Kersner Z
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to evaluate the effect of replacement of aggregate by recycled one on fracture response of selected composites. These are hemp fibre reinforced cement-based composites. Four different mixtures were prepared: in reference one, the only natural aggregate was used whereas in the other three mixtures, the natural aggregate was replaced by recycled one in the amount of 10, 25 and 50 %, respectively. All mixtures contained hemp fibres with a length of 10 mm in the dosage of 1 % by volume. In order to determine the selected mechanical fracture characteristics of the investigated composites, three-point bending fracture tests were carried out on prismatic specimens with nominal dimensions 40 × 40 × 160 mm3 provided with an initial notch. During the whole course of the testing, the loading process was governed by a constant displacement increment of 0.02 mm/min. The vertical displacement (midspan deflection) was measured using the inductive sensor mounted on a special measurement frame placed on the specimens. The fracture tests were terminated when the midspan deflection reached 0.5 mm. The mechanical fracture parameters were obtained through a direct evaluation of the fracture test data via the effective crack model and the work-of-fracture method. The paper shows that composites with a higher dosage of recycled aggregate (25 and 50 wt%) achieve similar values of mechanical fracture properties, so this replacement can be recommended.
An Investigation on Combined Section by Steels with Different Strengths for Bridge Girder
Authors: Hirohata M , Jármai K
Published: October 2022

A basic investigation was carried out in this study to propose a new structure for steel bridge girders by using a combined section composed of steels with different strengths. SM400 as an ordinal strength level steel was selected as the base material for the I-section girder model. It was assumed that the lower flange of the I-section was replaced with an inverted T-shaped member by welding. This member was provided by the different steel with SM400A. The dimension of the inverted T-shaped member was selected to decrease the cross-sectional area to the original section. Furthermore, the moment of inertia and the yielding moment were aimed to increase from those of the original section. With satisfying these conditions, the possibility of cost-saving by using high-strength steel such as SBHS500 was examined. A series of investigations showed the optimum dimensions simultaneously satisfying these mechanical and economic conditions despite being limited.
Renovation of dormitory campus using the principles of sustainable development
Authors: Luzay E , Shafieva D , Zeleňáková M , Petkanič Š
Published: October 2022

This study presents the new look on the dormitory's territory, which is located in Jedlikova 5, Kosice, Slovakia. Landscaping design has a significant impact on people, and touches both aesthetic and physical needs, environmental integrity of the area and has an impact on nature habitants. Good landscaping helps to provide a conducive living environment for students by creating needful places for recreation, physical education and studying, as well as producing the natural and healthy ambience to the surrounding by using green roofs, creating a pond for collection of rainwater and planting a lot of greenery. The study framework covers aspects, which are related to the ecological state of the territory, existing environmental problems, natural features and needs of the residents of the dormitory. The aim of the study is to create such a sustainable space, where both students and nature will be in harmony.
Moving load effect on a bridge
Authors: Melcer J , Valašková V
Published: October 2022

Moving loads represent the dominant component of the load on traffic structures such as bridges and roads. The response of these structures to moving loads can be modeled numerically using a FEM system such as ADYNA or ANSYS. The process requires the creation of a suitable vehicle and bridge computational models. For the purposes of this paper, a spatial computational model of a Tatra T815 heavy truck was created. The modeled bridge is a two span structure with a slab deck. A smooth surface of the bridge is assumed. At the beginning of the solution, the bridge is at rest and the vehicle enters the bridge already vibrated. The dynamic deflections of the bridge and the vehicle over time are monitored. It is possible to display bending moments in the transverse and longitudinal direction and torques at any time. It is also possible to obtain the values of the contact forces between the vehicle wheel and the bridge at any time. The vehicle can move along the bridge at any speed.
Renewal of the roof structure of the Winter Stadium in Prešov
Authors: Vojtuš J
Published: October 2022

Winter stadium in Prešov is situated in an exposed area near the city center, in Slovakia but also in the context of world architecture, it is today an exceptional building with a rope roof structure. The author of the construction is Ing. arch. Čejka, structural engineer doc. Ing. Hajdu, CSc. At the time of design and implementation, it was a very progressive design of the supporting structure, which met the parameters of a world format. The project was modified in 1984 by the completion of outbuildings on the west side of the stadium, mainly due to the need to expand the number of players' locker rooms according to the current needs of athletes. The ice rink was renovated more than 10 years ago, including mantinels and safety glazing.
Gradual transformation of an administrative building into a green structure
Authors: Vertal M , Vranayova Z , Cakyova K , Vargova A , Vranay F
Published: October 2022

The paper describes our vision of a green conversion of selected administrative building in Košice, which is supported by the research project APVV-18-0360 ACHIEve Active Hybrid Infrastructure for a sponge city. The greenIZOLA vision represents a set of complex measures, the result of which is a logically, economically, and environmentally justified design of a green building. Within separate stages, the individual parts of the complex and the building are gradually transformed into structures with a potential for retaining rainwater. At the same time, the proposed architectural structures introduce a potential for the creation of experimental structures designed for multidisciplinary research of synergistic links between the building, the environment and vegetation units. The transformation process uses a multidisciplinary approach (BIM, data analysis, life cycle analysis, water retention modelling in the environment, analysis of vegetation units, energy and multiphysical simulations). By applying these approaches, it is possible to monitor the proposed structures, analyse their effects, predict their behaviour, and then optimise the system.
Construction segments applying modern methods of construction in Slovakia
Authors: Spišáková M , Galla J , Mandičák T
Published: October 2022

Construction industry has a huge innovation potential focused on the development of new building elements or process procedures. Progressive construction processes are often referred to as modern and cover technologies and systems of various material bases. The drivers and barriers associated with modern methods of construction are generally perceived as a perspective of ensuring sustainable construction, which also reflects their potential application in various construction segments. The aim of the paper is to map companies in the Slovak construction market, which focus their activities on modern methods of construction and then identify the material basis of modern methods of construction. The paper is also focused on determining the application measure of individual types of modern methods of construction in specific construction segments. The research was carried out through own survey and identification of construction companies that declare their activities in the field of production of structural elements, construction of buildings within modern methods of construction.
Internal insulation systems and their assessment for historic buildings by hygrothermal simulation
Authors: Hutkai K , Katunský D , Zozulák M
Published: October 2022

The paper examines possible solutions for the use of internal insulation in listed buildings. Massive thick walls of historic buildings represent large heat losses and the use of thermal insulation materials from the inside is a possible solution to increase the energy efficiency of historic buildings. However, the use of thermal insulation from the interior is accompanied by a number of risks associated with condensation, mould growth and damage to the perimeter structure. It is necessary to perform dynamic simulations to verify the thermal-humidity behaviour of the structure. The article describes materials suitable for the purpose of internal insulation, their advantages and disadvantages and a description of dynamic simulations by which their effects on the thermal-humidity behaviour of the perimeter wall of a historic building are assessed.
Analysis of vibrations in a dynamic damper
Authors: Jaskot A
Published: October 2022

The problem of damping mechanical vibrations has been described in the paper. The subject of the research is a dynamic damper consisting of two steel plates and cuboid rubber blocks to dampen vibrations. The upper plate is subjected to forcing, causing the disturbance to propagate. This disturbance will propagate through the top plate and will pass through the damping material to the bottom plate. The damping elements have been modelled from Mooney-Rivlin material. The aim of the work is to investigate the propagation of vibrations and damping of vibrations and to assess the effects resulting from the selection of material constants with the assumed geometry of the tested system. The results included in the work have been obtained based on a comparative analysis, taking into account the linear material and the nonlinear material. Numerical tests have been carried out with the use of ANSYS software.
Time-space modelling of construction
Authors: Tazikova A , Strukova Z , Cabala J
Published: October 2022

A successful construction project respect the construction time and the estimated costs. Such a smooth construction process ensure effective scheduling. A good time construction plan can be a daunting task for a construction contractor. The article deals with time scheduling of line construction in TILOS software. The result is an analysis of scheduling in this software. The advantages and disadvantages of working of modelling a time-distance graph are described. For better control, it is very advantageous to have a well-processed schedule, which will be to the building model by various logical links connected. Thanks to this compound, it is possible to model the building of construction in the shortest possible time and as smoothly as possible. In conclusion, it is stated, that a well-crafted time construction plan can point to possible construction collisions. An updated time-distance graph processed in a software environment can reveal construction risks and the needed rescheduling in a timely manner. Therefore, it is possible to meet the scheduled construction time and estimated costs.
Analysis of building materials used for the construction of family houses in the boundaries from Cradle to Gate with Options
Authors: Kridlova Burdova E , Vilcekova S
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the research work is to analyse environmental impacts of building materials applied to the construction of family houses in the boundaries Cradle to Gate with Options. Within Life cycle analysis (LCA), environmental impacts such as global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion (OP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), non-hazardous waste disposal (NHWD) and biogenic carbon storage (BGS) are determined by using One Click LCA tool. This approach is selected to bring information about current state of construction trend used in Slovakia, to set a starting point for further critical reviews of different strategies as well as to inform about the impact significance of current selection of building materials. Results show that the biggest contribution to GWP are triple glazed exterior wooden doors and windows with aluminium elements, thermal insulation and reinforced concrete.
Different ways of mechanical wave propagation damping in Ackerman ceilings using recycled rubber
Authors: Kuliński K
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the use of recycled rubber in the form of inserts/fillings or overlays on Ackerman ceiling blocks to partially dampen the propagation of mechanical waves from vibrating machines/devices or accidental shocks from the people movement is discussed. The numerical study is carried out with the use of ADINA software based on Finite Element Method (FEM). The energy transferred via the forced wave is observed in the form of stress plots at given time steps. Four different Ackerman blocks are chosen, which differs in height dimension and shape. In the analysis the complexity of each block supporting is simplified and each block is treated as simply supported on its external edges. The dynamic load is applied to the blocks top surface towards the bottom. For each Ackerman block the analysis is performed twice. The first sequence deals with the Ackerman block itself – without rubber filling, and the second one with insert/filling, what gives the possibility to compare the results of transferred energy. On the basis of presented in paper results, one observes that the rubber filling gives a slight to significant reduction of mechanical wave energy transfer, depending on the block configuration.
Numerical analysis of slope stability
Authors: Harabinova S , Panulinova E
Published: October 2022

The paper is focused on the analysis of slope stability. The problem of slope stability is processed theoretically and parametrically - parametrical study. Factors that affect slope stability include: geomorphological conditions, geological conditions, soil and rock properties, and external loads (for example, from traffic, nearby structures, possible vibrations). The shear stress parameters of soil are a keys design parameters for assessment of slope stability. The aim of the parametric study is to point out the importance of knowing the shear stress parameters of soils in assessing the slope stability. By comparing obtained result, it was founded, that change the cohesive has a significant effect on the stability factor.
In vitro vascularization of hydrogel-based tissue constructs via a combined approach of cell sheet engineering and dynamic perfusion cell culture
Authors: Elomaa Laura , Lindner Marcus , Leben Ruth , Niesner Raluca , Weinhart Marie
Published: October 2022

The bioengineering of artificial tissue constructs requires special attention to their fast vascularization to provide cells with sufficient nutrients and oxygen. We addressed the challenge of in vitro vascularization by employing a combined approach of cell sheet engineering, 3D printing, and cellular self-organization in dynamic maturation culture. A confluent cell sheet of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was detached from a thermoresponsive cell culture substrate and transferred onto a 3D-printed, perfusable tubular scaffold using a custom-made cell sheet rolling device. Under indirect co-culture conditions with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), the cell sheet-covered vessel mimic embedded in a collagen gel together with additional singularized HUVECs started sprouting into the surrounding gel, while the suspended cells around the tube self-organized and formed a dense lumen-containing 3D vascular network throughout the gel. The HDFs cultured below the HUVEC-containing cell culture insert provided angiogenic support to the HUVECs via molecular crosstalk without competing for space with the HUVECs or inducing rapid collagen matrix remodeling. The resulting vascular network remained viable under these conditions throughout the 3 week cell culture period. This static indirect co-culture setup was further transferred to dynamic flow conditions, where the medium perfusion was enabled via two independently addressable perfusion circuits equipped with two different cell culture chambers, one hosting the HDFs and the other hosting the HUVEC-laden collagen gel. Using this system, we successfully connected the collagen-embedded HUVEC culture to a dynamic medium flow, and within 1 week of the dynamic cell culture, we detected angiogenic sprouting and dense microvascular network formation via HUVEC self-organization in the hydrogel. Our approach of combining a 3D-printed and cell sheet-covered vascular precursor that retained its sprouting capacity together with the self-assembling HUVECs in a dynamic perfusion culture resulted in a vascular-like 3D network, which is a critical step toward the long-term vascularization of bioengineered in vitro tissue constructs.
Texture transformer super-resolution for low-dose computed tomography
Authors: Zhou Shiwei , Yu Lifeng , Jin Mingwu
Published: October 2022

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to diagnose many diseases. Low-dose CT has been actively pursued to lower the ionizing radiation risk. A relatively smoother kernel is typically used in low-dose CT to suppress image noise, which may sacrifice spatial resolution. In this work, we propose a texture transformer network to simultaneously reduce image noise and improve spatial resolution in CT images. This network, referred to as Texture Transformer for Super Resolution (TTSR), is a reference-based deep-learning image super-resolution method built upon a generative adversarial network (GAN). The noisy low-resolution CT (LRCT) image and the routine-dose high-resolution (HRCT) image are severed as the query and key in a transformer, respectively. Image translation is optimized through deep neural network (DNN) texture extraction, correlation embedding, and attention-based texture transfer and synthesis to achieve joint feature learning between LRCT and HRCT images for super-resolution CT (SRCT) images. To evaluate SRCT performance, we use the data from both simulations of the XCAT phantom program and the real patient data. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and feature similarity (FSIM) index are used as quantitative metrics. For comparison of SRCT performance, the cubic spline interpolation, SRGAN (a GAN super-resolution with an additional content loss), and GAN-CIRCLE (a GAN super-resolution with cycle consistency) were used. Compared to the other two methods, TTSR can restore more details in SRCT images and achieve better PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM for both simulation and real-patient data. In addition, we show that TTSR can yield better image quality and demand much less computation time than high-resolution low-dose CT images denoised by block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) and GAN-CIRCLE. In summary, the proposed TTSR method based on texture transformer and attention mechanism provides an effective and efficient tool to improve spatial resolution and suppress noise of low-dose CT images.