bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of a Few Good Friends: Perceived Network Support Moderates the Association Between Daily Marital Conflict and Diurnal Cortisol
Authors: Keneski Elizabeth , Neff Lisa A. , Loving Timothy J.
Published: September 2017

This study examined whether the extent to which spouses feel they have available and satisfying support outside their marriage buffers spouses from the potential negative physiological effects of conflict inside their marriage. Newlywed couples ( N = 214 spouses) reported occurrences of marital conflict in a daily diary and concurrently provided morning and evening saliva samples for the calculation of daily diurnal cortisol slopes. Extending prior work demonstrating links between marital conflict and acute cortisol responses in laboratory settings, results revealed that spouses exhibited flatter (i.e., less healthy) diurnal cortisol slopes on days of greater marital conflict. Although the quantity of spouses’ support network connections was not associated with physiological responses to conflict, the quality of perceived network support attenuated the association between daily marital conflict and diurnal cortisol slopes. Thus, maintaining a satisfying network of social connections outside a marriage may protect spouses’ well-being during periods of marital difficulty.
Reliability of three-dimensional kinematic gait data in adults with spinal cord injury
Authors: Wedege Pia , Steffen Kathrin , Strøm Vegard , Opheim Arve Isak
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Three-dimensional gait analysis has been recommended as part of standardized gait assessment in people with spinal cord injury. The aim was to investigate inter- and intra-session reliabilities of gait kinematics in people with spinal cord injury.

Methods

Fifteen adults with spinal cord injury performed two test sessions on separate days. Six infrared cameras, 16 reflective markers and the Plug-in gait model were used. For each subject, five gait trials from both sessions were included. The Gait Profile Score and the Gait Variable Score were used as kinematic outcome measures. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

Inter-session intraclass correlation coefficient for all variables was >0.82 and standard error of measurement <1.8°, except for hip rotation. Intra-session reliability was found to be high (≥0.78) and slightly better than that for inter-session. Minimal detectable change for all variables was <4.7°, except for hip rotation.

Conclusions

The high inter- and intra-session reliabilities indicate small intrinsic variation of gait. Thus, three-dimensional gait analysis seems to be a reliable tool to evaluate kinematic gait in adults with spinal cord injury, but caution is warranted especially for hip rotation evaluation.
Renal volumetry with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Christensen Rolf H , Lundgren Torbjörn , Stenvinkel Peter , Brismar Torkel B
Published: September 2017

Background

No gold standard exists for renal volumetry in vivo.

Purpose

To devise and evaluate segmentation methods on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets.

Material and Methods

Five combinations of MRI pulse sequences and measuring methods were used to measure the renal volumes of five men aged 54–72 years scanned before autologous renal stem cell transplantation and three, six, and 12 months post transplantation.

Results

Renal volume did not change after stem cell transplantation. The results varied considerably: the reproducibility (coefficient of variation) was 4.0–6.0% and measurements took 1–13 min per kidney. Manual segmentation of images from the volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) without fat saturation sequence provided best reproducibility but was time-consuming. Use of the ellipsoid formula from half Fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) provided the fastest measurement, but resulted in lower reproducibility.

Conclusion

Renal volumetry based on images from the pulse sequence VIBE without fat saturation acquired using an out-of-phase TE may be investigated further, possibly in combination with the quick ellipsoid formula.
General Health Adverse Events Within 30 Days Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in US Patients: A Comparison of Spine Surgeons’ Perceptions and Reported Data for Rates and Risk Factors
Authors: Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Bohl Daniel D. , Bovonratwet Patawut , Geddes Benjamin J. , Cui Jonathan J. , McLynn Ryan P. , Samuel Andre M. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: September 2017

Study Design:

Survey study and retrospective review of prospective data.

Objectives:

To contrast surgeons’ perceptions and reported national data regarding the rates of postoperative adverse events following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to assess the accuracy of surgeons in predicting the impact of patient factors on such outcomes.

Methods:

A survey investigating perceived rates of perioperative complications and the perceived effect of patient risk factors on the occurrence of complications following ACDF was distributed to spine surgeons at the Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS) 2015 Annual Meeting. The equivalent reported rates of adverse events and impacts of patient risk factors on such complications were assessed in patients undergoing elective ACDF from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

Results:

There were 110 completed surveys from attending physicians at CSRS (response rate = 44%). There were 18 019 patients who met inclusion criteria in NSQIP years 2011 to 2014. The rates of 11 out of 17 (65%) postoperative adverse events were mildly overestimated by surgeons responding to the CSRS questionnaire in comparison to reported NSQIP data (overestimates ranged from 0.24% to 1.50%). The rates of 2 out of 17 (12%) postoperative adverse events were mildly underestimated by surgeons (range = 0.08% to 1.2%). The impacts of 5 out of 10 (50%) patient factors were overestimated by surgeons (range relative risk = 0.56 to 1.48).

Conclusions:

Surgeon estimates of risk factors for and rates of adverse events following ACDF procedures were reasonably nearer to national data. Despite an overall tendency toward overestimation, surgeons’ assessments are roughly appropriate for surgical planning, expectation setting, and quality improvement initiatives.
Gender, Conflict and Security: Perspectives from South Asia
Authors: Singh Shweta
Published: September 2017

This article provides an overview to this special issue of JASIA, entitled ‘Gender, Conflict and Security: Perspectives from South Asia’. Gender intersects with conflict and security and yet remains at the margins of academic theorizing, policy priority and practitioner perspectives in South Asia. This special issue puts forth fresh insights into how and why the lived experiences of women in South Asia (particularly from areas of protracted conflict such as Nepal, India and Sri Lanka) are different? And how and why these impinge on the global discourse on security? It argues that this analysis is pertinent not just from the standpoint of academic theorizing on security but also from the perspective of international security policy like the United Nations led Women, Peace and Security Agenda. This is the 17th year of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, and only Nepal and Afghanistan in South Asia have a National Action Plan. This special issue also critically examines the key gaps in the international policy on Women, Peace and Security Agenda and how it ‘speaks’ or ‘not speaks’ to the contextual reality of South Asia.
Future View: Evolving the Measurement of Best Customer Value from Using a Total Cost of Ownership to Total Profit Added Methodology
Authors: Snelgrove Todd
Published: September 2017

Business-to-business firms know that being able to obtain a higher price than competitors and to keep customers happy they must deliver something the customer perceives as value. To support customers to be able and willing to pay this value, a customized, quantified business case needs to be developed to allow the customer to see the payback for whatever investment is being requested versus other alternatives. A previous methodology to do this was to look at the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the proposed purchase over its life. However, too often, TCO became the total cost of acquisition by procurement people (missing the installation, operational and disposal phases, which is often 8 times more important than the landed cost). The next evolution is to look at a more holistic measurement of value that takes into account not only cost savings but all improvements, such as risk reductions, increased revenue and customer satisfaction. Only then can buyers and sellers make decisions on who is creating the best value and what someone should be willing to pay for it. Anyone who can demonstrate and document the greatest value surplus is the one delivering the best value.
Therapeutic potential of SGN-CD19B, a PBD-based anti-CD19 drug conjugate, for treatment of B-cell malignancies
Authors: Ryan Maureen C. , Palanca-Wessels Maria Corinna , Schimpf Brian , Gordon Kristine A. , Kostner Heather , Meyer Brad , Yu Changpu , Van Epps Heather A. , Benjamin Dennis
Published: September 2017

Key Points

SGN-CD19B is broadly active in vitro against malignant B-cell lines, including double-hit and triple-hit lymphoma cell lines. SGN-CD19B shows significant antitumor activity in vivo in preclinical models of B-NHL and B-cell–derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM 2017) International Conference Held for a Second Time in Canada
Authors: Karpak Birsen
Published: September 2017

The 24th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM 2017) was held at the Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, on July 10-14, 2017. This was the second time this conference was held in Canada; the first time being in Whistler in 2004, organized by Bill Wedley. We had a wonderful welcome by the school of management; and the scientific program as well as the social events were outstanding. There is a very good essay about the conference by Sarah Ben Amor (General Chair) at  http://www.mcdmsociety.org/newsletters/92017-september-2017  My reviews will be limited to the sessions I attended which were mostly those related to AHP/ANP Theory and Applications.  https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i2.502
Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: Basic Concepts and Novel Perspectives
Authors: Hamani Clement , Florence Gerson , Heinsen Helmut , Plantinga Birgit R. , Temel Yasin , Uludag Kamil , Alho Eduardo , Teixeira Manoel J. , Amaro Edson , Fonoff Erich T.
Published: September 2017

Over the last decades, extensive basic and clinical knowledge has been acquired on the use of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is now clear that mechanisms involved in the effects of this therapy are far more complex than previously anticipated. At frequencies commonly used in clinical practice, neural elements may be excited or inhibited and novel dynamic states of equilibrium are reached. Electrode contacts used for chronic DBS in PD are placed near the dorsal border of the nucleus, a highly cellular region. DBS may thus exert its effects by modulating these cells, hyperdirect projections from motor cortical areas, afferent and efferent fibers to the motor STN. Advancements in neuroimaging techniques may allow us to identify these structures optimizing surgical targeting. In this review, we provide an update on mechanisms and the neural elements modulated by STN DBS.
Mapping Loci That Control Tuber and Foliar Symptoms Caused by PVY in Autotetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.)
Authors: da Silva Washington L , Ingram Jason , Hackett Christine A , Coombs Joseph J , Douches David , Bryan Glenn J , De Jong Walter , Gray Stewart
Published: September 2017

Potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) is a tuber deformity associated with infection by the tuber necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVYNTN). PTNRD negatively impacts tuber quality and marketability, and poses a serious threat to seed and commercial potato production worldwide. PVYNTN symptoms differ in the cultivars Waneta and Pike: Waneta expresses severe PTNRD and foliar mosaic with vein and leaf necrosis, whereas Pike does not express PTNRD and mosaic is the only foliar symptom. To map loci that influence tuber and foliar symptoms, 236 F1 progeny of a cross between Waneta and Pike were inoculated with PVYNTN isolate NY090029 and genotyped using 12,808 potato SNPs. Foliar symptom type and severity were monitored for 10 wk, while tubers were evaluated for PTNRD expression at harvest and again after 60 d in storage. Pairwise correlation analyses indicate a strong association between PTNRD and vein necrosis (τ = 0.4195). QTL analyses revealed major-effect QTL on chromosomes 4 and 5 for mosaic, 4 for PTNRD, and 5 for foliar necrosis symptoms. Locating QTL associated with PVY-related symptoms provides a foundation for breeders to develop markers that can be used to eliminate potato clones with undesirable phenotypes, e.g., those likely to develop PTNRD or to be symptomless carriers of PVY.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Palate: Case Report
Authors: Boza Oreamuno DDS, MSc Yadira V.
Published: September 2017

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, the palate being a very rare site of development. It is constituted by a basaloid and a squamous components in variable proportions, however, the histopathological characteristics of the BSCC overlap with other neoplasias. Diagnosis with various immunohistochemical markers such as p63, Ki67, p16, and AE1 / AE3 cytokeratins have become a necessity for the specialist. The objective of this study is to present a case of BSCC in soft palate and to show the importance of the support in the immunohistochemistry for an early histopathological diagnosis. A review of the literature on this pathology is also presented.
La transculturalidad, elemento esencial para mejorar la atención en salud y de enfermería
Authors: Escobar Castellanos Blanca , Paravic-Klijn Tatiana
Published: September 2017

El fenómeno migratorio en distintos países es una realidad muy compleja, supone un reto para el sistema de salud, las políticas que se diseñan y los profesionales que prestan sus servicios en él. El profesional en enfermería es el responsable de la prestación de cuidados en un ámbito complejo y de adaptarse a la realidad multicultural que se vive actualmente. Este artículo tiene la finalidad de reflexionar sobre la importancia de la enfermería transcultural para fundamentar la práctica profesional basada en un cuerpo de conocimiento científico y humanizado que permita mejorar la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería culturalmente competentes con base en las necesidades del paciente/familia/comunidad y sistema de salud. A partir del enfoque transcultural se comprende las diferencias culturales existentes, y la importancia de brindar cuidados culturales integrales y de calidad considerando las creencias y valores de las personas a las que se brinda el cuidado. Al adquirir la perspectiva cultural se desarrolla la competencia cultural. Es necesario establecer propuestas de mejoras, redes de apoyo interdisciplinar y multidisciplinar nacionales e internacionales para lograr una salud integral, humanizada y culturalmente congruente tomando en cuenta las necesidades reales de la población.
Revisión crítica del género Arachnothryx Planch
Authors: Borhidi Attila L.
Published: September 2017

The last synthetic treatment of the Arachnothryx genus was published by D. Lorence in the Flora Mesoamericana (Vol. 4, part 2, 2012) based on a polyphyletic concept including several genera of different tribes and leaving the results of the molecular studies out of consideration. The analytic key offered by the author is based firstly on the highly complex and varied indumentum, and not on the more stable structural elements of the species, therefore the determination of the different species and species-groups is problematic. The present treatment is based on the original strictly monophyletic concept of Planchon (1849) pointed out and detailed by Steyermark, including into the study all (103) the valid species existing in México, Mesoamerica and South America. The new analytic key comprises all the existing Mexican and Mesoamerican species (81).
Involucropyrenium breussii (Verrucariaceae, lichen-forming Ascomycota), a new lichen species from chalk soil of Eastern Ukrainian steppes
Authors: Gromakova A. B. , Kondratyuk S. Y.
Published: September 2017

Involucropyrenium breussii A. B. Gromakova et S. Y. Kondr., a new lichen species for science, is described from eastern Ukraine, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. It is similar to I. tremniacense from which it differs in having smaller thalline areoles, narrower rhizohyphae, a medullary layer differentiated in the centre of areoles, and longer ascospores. A short description of plant communities in which Involucropyrenium breussii was found in Ukrainian steppes with chalk outcrops is provided.
New members of the Megasporaceae (Pertusariales, lichen-forming Ascomycota): Megaspora iranica spec. nova and Oxneriaria gen. nova
Authors: Haji Moniri M. , Gromakova A. B. , Lőkös L. , Kondratyuk S. Y.
Published: September 2017

The new species Megaspora iranica M. Haji Moniri et S. Y. Kondr. is described from NE Iran, illustrated and compared with closely related taxa. It is similar to the recently described M. rimisorediata, which is known from Eurasia (from SE Europe and Middle Asia (Armenia) to Central Asia, i.e. Iran and China), but differing in having larger thallus, smaller soredia, thicker cortical layer of thallus, thicker hymenium, narrower ascospores and thinner ascospore wall. Megaspora rimisorediata is for the first time recorded from Europe (eastern Ukraine, Kharkiv oblast). Additional data to its diagnosis is given based on extensive collections from Eurasia. The new genus Oxneriaria S. Y. Kondr. et L. Lőkös (for the former Aspicilia mashiginensis group) found to be a member of the Sagedia clade and positioning in distant position from the Aspicilia / Circinaria clade after three gene phylogeny based on nrITS, 28S nrLSU and 12S mtSSU sequences. The members of the genus Oxneriaria mainly distributed in cold polar and high altitude localities of Eurasia and the northern hemisphere. Nine new combinations, i.e.: Oxneriaria dendroplaca (basionym: Lecanora dendroplaca H. Magn.), Oxneriaria haeyrenii (basionym: Lecanora haeyrenii H. Magn.), Oxneriaria mashiginensis (basionym: Lecanora mashiginensis Zahlbr.), Oxneriaria nikrapensis (basionym: Aspicilia nikrapensis Darb.), Oxneriaria permutata (basionym: Lecanora permutata Zahlbr.), Oxneriaria rivulicola (basionym: Lecanora rivulicola H. Magn.), Oxneriaria supertegens (basionym: Aspicilia supertegens Arnold), Oxneriaria verruculosa (basionym: Aspicilia verruculosa Kremp.), and Oxneriaria virginea (basionym: Aspicilia virginea Hue) are proposed.
Tocharian B Parallels to the Supāraga-Avadāna of the Old Uyghur Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā
Authors: Pinault Georges-Jean , Peyrot Michaël , Wilkens Jens
Published: September 2017

The collection of Buddhist legends entitled Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā (DKPAM) is best preserved in Old Uyghur. According to the colophons of this Old Uyghur version, it was translated from Tocharian. In this paper, two Tocharian B fragments that are parallel to the Supāraga-Avadāna of the Old Uyghur DKPAM are presented, together with a third Tocharian B fragment that may belong to the same avadāna, but is so far lacking a parallel in Old Uyghur.
On internal reconstruction, morphological restructuration and nominal classes in Manchu
Authors: De La Fuente José Andrés Alonso
Published: September 2017

Manchu words like giranggi ‘bone’ or senggi ‘blood’ are traditionally classified as part of a nominal class system inherited from the Proto-Tungusic parent language. This nominal class system has obscure origins and it is unproductive in the historical languages (Manchu included). Manchu giranggi and senggi contain the class suffix +nggi which in historical terms cannot be easily reconciled with the so-called “collective” suffixes +ksa and +kta in Core Tungusic languages. In this contribution we argue that the class suffix +nggi is the result of the reanalysis *…V/n+g.i ⇒ …V+nggi whereby nasal nouns are reinterpreted as vowel nouns. Common Tungusic “collectives” *+kta and *+ksa are secondary formations that were created after Manchu had branched off. The general assumption is made that Manchuric (a.k.a. Jurchenic) serves best to improve our understanding of the prehistory of the Tungusic languages when it is seen as the conservative member of the family instead of the innovative one as usual.
Exploring the social nature of L2 writing
Authors: Bhowmik Subrata Kumar
Published: September 2017

Using an activity system framework this study examined the social nature of the writing processes by investigating the division of labor in the writing processes of 31 ESL learners. The study involved one of the four major writing assignments in a required first-year composition course for ESL students at a North American university. Data was collected from: (a) A semi-structured interview with each participant, (b) process logs kept by all participants, (c) classroom observation notes, and (d) class materials. Findings indicate that L2 writers used various context-specific affordances derived from division of labor to accomplish their writing task. The study arrived at these findings by creating taxonomies of people who were part of their writing process and examining the influence that these people had on their writing. The findings show that people related to L2 writers within the social space in both academic and non-academic capacities mediate them in non-trivial ways. This mediation renders not only positive but also negative effects on the production of L2 texts. Implications for L2 writing pedagogy and research are discussed.
Audio glosses as a participant in L2 dialogues
Authors: Antes Theresa A.
Published: September 2017

The current article examines the use of audio glosses by intermediate-level learners of English as a Second Language (ESL), to determine to what extent the glosses provide mediation during the language learning / language use process. Close evaluation of language produced by two dyads shows that the computer, through the audio glosses, frequently serves as a third partner during the information-gap tasks in which the partners are engaged. Mediation is both graduated, appearing more frequently in earlier than in later tasks, and contingent, accessible to learners at their request, but not provided otherwise. Analyzed excerpts illustrate that learners access the glosses for a variety of purposes (confirmation and retrieval of lexical items, refinement of pronunciation). The glosses thus serve as an on-call tutor, allowing learners to add to their productive vocabulary and to improve the quality of the language that they produce, while still focusing on effective communication with their partners.
From SCOBA development to implementation in concept-based instruction
Authors: Ohta Amy Snyder
Published: September 2017

Japanese addressee honorifics are clause-final forms, either masu-form or plain form, which are traditionally believed to be chosen based on wakimae, or discernment of the interlocutor’s social status, social distance, and the formality of the setting. Japanese language instruction uncritically accepts wakimae, while Japanese usage data show deviations from this prescriptive, norm-based system. Cook’s (1996, 1997) analyses guide an understanding addressee honorifics as part of how dialectic modes of self (Rosenberger, 1989) are expressed by children and adults at home. Seen through the lens of Vygotsky’s (1978) ontogenetic method, modes of self comprise a developmentally primary framework, with wakimae overlaying this earlier-established system; Japanese adults’ honorifics use can thus be understood as expressing modes of self while also guided by wakimae rules. For teaching Japanese addressee honorifics, modes of self provide an appropriate conceptual foundation for creating SCOBAs, materializations of the target concepts for pedagogical purposes. This paper follows the author’s process of developing SCOBAs to be used following Gal’perin’s (1978/1992) instructional stages for concept-based instruction (CBI). CBI using these SCOBAs in an intact third year Japanese class is presented, along with findings that illustrate the conceptual development of the entire class, focusing on the transformation in one student’s understanding and use of addressee honorifics forms.
Developing Chinese rhetorical awareness through concept-based instruction
Authors: Kao Yu-Ting
Published: September 2017

Academic writing is complex as it involves more than grammar. Lack of awareness of cross-cultural contrastive rhetoric poses great challenges for second/foreign language learners who aim to achieve an advanced proficiency level in writing. However, most language teachers assume that comprehensive explanations of rhetorical concepts will be too complex for learners to grasp. Little opportunity is thus provided to develop understanding of rhetorical structures at a conceptual level. This paper reports on a case study framed within the principles of Concept-Based Instruction (CBI), an application of Vygotskian thought to second language (L2) pedagogy. It investigates the extent to which CBI assists L2 Chinese learners in developing conceptual understanding of Chinese rhetoric, ultimately enabling interpretation, generation of personal meanings and the ability to exercise communicative agency. Results showed that the participants were able to identify appropriate rhetorical structures from various genres of Chinese texts, and showed improvements when applying these structures in written production. Pedagogical implications are discussed in relation to writing development and the value of scientific concepts in L2 learning/teaching contexts.
Peer Assisted Learning in a Large Class Format
Authors: Zafar Afsheen , Rehman Ahmed
Published: September 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Most of the research around peer assisted learning (PAL) has been directed towards the contribution of PAL in small groups for both knowledge and skill gains. Although PAL has been used for didactic sessions like lectures or presentations in tutorials, the dynamics of PAL in these sessions are not well researched. We therefore designed this study to explore the acceptance and perceived usefulness of didactic PAL sessions in a large class format. Method: Peer assisted learning was incorporated in a Urology module for 4th year MBBS students. Students were assigned topics in groups to prepare and present in front of the whole class. The presentations were followed by question answer sessions by students in the presence of the teacher. The teacher summed up the session at the end.The perception of students was assessed using an electronically distributed questionnaire regarding acceptance and usefulness of PAL. The usefulness was also assessed by rating student presentations for content, explanation of concepts, and number of questions asked by the peers. A focus group (FGD) was also conducted to explore student perceptions on engagement in this didactic large class PAL in depth. Results: Seventy-three students participated in the survey (Response Rate = 73.7%). Students were neutral for both acceptability (Mean= 3.08, SD= 0.72) and usefulness (Mean= 3.20, SD= 0.54) of PAL in the given setting. Only 25% of students demonstrated content adequacy in their primary effort for presentation, 10% explained all concepts, 40% explained at least major concepts while 40% just read the slides. Students asked more questions from peer tutors than teachers (Mean= 1.14, SD= 0.80 vs 1.75, SD= 0.89, p < 0.05). Majority of the students agreed that they found the teacher review on their presentation as most useful (84.9%), followed by the group work involved (75.3%).Analysis of the descriptive questions and FGD identified both positive and negative aspects of PAL sessions. Several themes are discussed in each category. Conclusion: Didactic PAL is acceptable and useful in large class format although it loses some of its advantages. Teacher feedback and background collaborative learning remain the most valued aspects of this format.
In-Hospital Outcomes of Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Population-Based Study Using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Durani Urshila , Shah Nilay D. , Go Ronald S.
Published: September 2017

The epidemiology and outcomes of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) are understudied. We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), a nationally representative weighted sample of all U.S. hospital discharges, to study outcomes and predictors of mortality in hospitalized patients with TLS. The NIS was queried for patients with a discharge diagnosis of TLS (ICD-9 code 277.88) from 2010–2013. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of mortality. From 2010–2013, 28,370 patients were discharged with a diagnosis of TLS. The most common malignancies were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (30%), solid tumors (20%), acute myeloid leukemia (19%), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (13%). Overall in-hospital mortality was 21%. The median length of stay was 10 days (IQR 5-22). Sixty-nine percent of patients experienced a severe complication, including sepsis (22%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21–23), dialysis (15%, 95% CI 14–16), acute respiratory failure (23%, 95% CI 22–24), mechanical ventilation (16%, 95% CI 15–17), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (6%, 95% CI 5–7), cerebral hemorrhage (2%, 95% CI 2–3), seizures (1%, 95% CI 0.6–1), and cardiac arrest (2%, 95% CI 2–3). Predictors of mortality were derived from a multivariable logistic regression and included age, Elixhauser comorbidity score, insurance status, teaching versus nonteaching hospital, and cancer type. Predictors of increased length of stay included age, race, teaching versus nonteaching hospital, and cancer type. In the U.S., many patients with TLS develop life-threatening complications and a quarter die during hospitalization. As more cancer treatments become available, strategies to improve the supportive care of patients with TLS should be a priority.
The Association of Sleep Duration and Quality with CKD Progression
Authors: Ricardo Ana C. , Knutson Kristen , Chen Jinsong , Appel Lawrence J. , Bazzano Lydia , Carmona-Powell Eunice , Cohan Janet , Tamura Manjula Kurella , Steigerwalt Susan , Thornton John Daryl , Weir Matthew , Turek Nicolas F. , Rahman Mahboob , Van Cauter Eve , Lash James P. ,   the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators
Published: September 2017

Evidence suggests that sleep disorders are common in individuals with CKD, but the influence of sleep duration and quality on CKD progression is unknown. We examined the association of habitual sleep duration and quality with CKD progression in 431 Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study participants, of whom 48% were women and 50% had diabetes (mean age of 60 years old, mean eGFR =38 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and median urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] =0.20 g/g). We assessed sleep duration and quality by 5–7 days of wrist actigraphy and self-report. Primary outcomes were incident ESRD, eGFR slope, log-transformed UPCR slope, and all-cause death. Participants slept an average of 6.5 hours per night; mean sleep fragmentation was 21%. Over a median follow-up of 5 years, we observed 70 ESRD events and 48 deaths. In adjusted analyses, greater sleep fragmentation associated with increased ESRD risk (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.07 per 1% increase in fragmentation). In adjusted mixed effects regression models, shorter sleep duration (per hour less) and greater sleep fragmentation (per 1% more) each associated with greater eGFR decline (−1.12 and −0.18 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, respectively; P=0.02 and P<0.01, respectively) and greater log UPCR slope (0.06/yr and 0.01/yr, respectively; P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively). Self-reported daytime sleepiness associated with increased risk for all-cause death (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.20 per one-point increase in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score). These findings suggest that short and poor-quality sleep are unrecognized risk factors for CKD progression.
Managing Capital Flows in the Presence of External Risks
Authors: Reyes-Heroles Ricardo , Tenorio Gabriel
Published: September 2017

We introduce external risks, in the form of shocks to the level and volatility of world interest rates, into a small open economy model subject to the risk of sudden stops—large recessions together with abrupt reversals in capital inflows| and characterize optimal macroprudential policy in response to these shocks. In the model, collateral constraints create a pecuniary externality that leads to "overborrowing" and sudden stops that arise when the constraints bind. The typical sudden stop generated by the model replicates existing empirical evidence for emerging market economies: Low and stable external interest rates reinforce "overborrowing" and lead to greater exposure to crises typically accompanied by abrupt increases in interest rates and a persistent rise in their volatility. We solve for the optimal policy and argue that the size of a tax on international borrowing that implements the policy depends on two factors, the incidence and the severity of potential future crises. We show quantitatively that these taxes respond to both the level and volatility of interest rates even though optimal decisions in the competitive equilibrium do not respond substantially to changes in volatility, and that the size of the optimal tax is non-monotonic with respect to external shocks.
New opportunities for inhaled therapy for inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system
Authors: Ignatova G L , Antonov V N
Published: September 2017

The paper considers current approaches to mucoregulatory therapy for various inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. It gives the advantages and disadvantages of common drugs used in their treatment. Emphasis is laid on the use of inhaled hypertonic saline of NaCl in combination with hyaluronic acid (Hyaneb). Clinical examples of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute and chronic bronchitis, and severe asthma are considered.
Analysis of the efficiency of antimicrobial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in clinical practice
Authors: Zhukova O V , Ruina O V , Kononova S V , Konyshkina T M
Published: September 2017

Aim. To analyze actual drug consumption based on the defined daily dose (DDD analysis) and to analyze the utilization of drugs based on their proportion of the total defined daily doses (DU90% analysis) for the antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in clinical practice at a hospital in Russia. Materials and methods. The investigation materials were the data of 117 case histories of male (51.3%) and female (48.7%) patients hospitalized with CAP at Nizhny Novgorod City Clinical Hospital Five in 2015. The investigation enrolled all the patients admitted to the hospital over the analyzed period. DDD analysis and DU90% analysis were used as study methods. Results. DDD analysis and DU90% analysis of antimicrobial therapy for CAP were carried out at the hospital in clinical practice during a year. The annual number of defined daily doses (NDDD) for antimicrobial drugs, the number of defined daily doses per 100 bed-days (NDDD/100 bed-days), and a drug load (g) per 1000 CAP patients per day and per CAP patient per year were determined. The largest NDDD/year for CAP treatment with ceftriaxone was 376 g, or 43.43 NDDD/100 bed-days, which is much higher than that with other antimicrobial agents. The daily drug load of ceftriaxone per 1,000 CAP patients was 8.8 g, which exceeds that of moxifloxacin by 18.7 times, azithromycin and levofloxacin by 5 times, and ampicillin/sulbactam by 2.3 times. The daily drug load of ceftriaxone per CAP patient was 3.2 g, which exceeds that of of ampicillin/sulbactam by 2.3 times, levofloxacin and azithromycin by 5 times, and moxifloxacin by 19 times. Conclusion. It may be recommended that the proportion of cephalosporins as drugs that promote the rise of resistance in microbes and their production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases should be further limited, the proportion of penicillins be extended, and the administered ampicillin/sulbactam be added, for example, by amoxicillin/clavulanate. Penicillins contribute to the rise of resistance to a lesser degree, and the use of two different penicillin molecules specified in the guidelines for the treatment of CAP will be able to slow the process further. By the same reasoning, it is also advisable to use cefuroxime (second-generation cephalosporins) along with ceftriaxone in patients in stable condition, without impairing vital functions.
Molecular genetic predictors of resistance to anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy
Authors: Maev I V , Andreev D N
Published: September 2017

In current clinical practice, there is no optimal empirical therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and there is a progressive decrease in the efficiency of classical eradication therapy (ET) regimens. The variability in the efficiency of ET in a specific patient is largely due to the heterogeneous molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the resistance of the microorganism to the components of the treatment regimens. The basis of the mechanisms for antibiotic resistance in H. pylori is mainly the point mutations in some genes, which determine alterations in the mechanisms of action of drugs, such as clarithromycin (domain V of 23S rRNA), metronidazole (rdxA, frxA), amoxicillin (pbp1A), tetracycline (16S rRNA), and levofloxacin (gyrA). The predictors of resistance to ET are also the CagA-negative status of the microorganism and the presence of the vacA s2 allele. There are a number of host genetic determinants (the CYP2C19 genotype (*1/*1, *1/*17, *17/*17) and the MDR1 3435 T/T genotype (in an Asian population)) that reduce the efficiency of ET, by altering the pharmacokinetics of proton pump inhibitors. In addition, the IL-1β-511 C/C polymorphism that affects gastric acid secretion is a predictor of the inefficiency of ET.
Opname- en elimineringskriteria vir die Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls: Die geval emeritus. Deel 2
Authors: Van Huyssteen G
Published: September 2017

Sedert 2006 het die Taalkommissie (TK) begin om formele riglyne vir die opname of eliminering van lemmas in die Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls (AWS) saam te stel; dié riglyne is deur Van Huyssteen (2017b - kyk Deel 1 in hierdie uitgawe) in ŉ operasionaliseringsraamwerk geformaliseer. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die operasionaliseringsraamwerk uitvoerig aan die hand van ŉ gevallestudie, te wete die geval emeritus, te illustreer. In die eerste elf stappe word vrae beantwoord wat die makrostrukturele status van die lemma in die woordelysgedeelte van die AWS raak, naamlik of emeritus opgeneem moet word of nie. Agt van dié vrae kan positief beantwoord word en dien as motivering vir die opname van emeritus as lemma. Die laaste ses stappe se vrae het betrekking op die mikrostrukturele hantering van emeritus, naamlik hoe dit in die AWS opgeneem moet word. Op sterkte van die analises word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat emeritus soms as selfstandige naamwoord (met slegs die meervoud emeriti) in Afrikaans funksioneer, maar meestal as prenominale adjektief (byvoorbeeld emeritus aartsbiskop).
Slavoj Žižek en film(teorie)? Deel 2: 'n Interpretasie van It Follows
Authors: Van Den Berg C
Published: September 2017

Waar deel 1 van hierdie studie 'n kort oorsig oor Žižekiaanse, oftewel neo-Lacaniaanse filmteorie gegee het, word in deel 2 die grufilm, It Follows, gebruik om die belangrikste teoretiese motiewe uit hierdie tradisie en dus ook Žižekiaanse filmanalise as sodanig, te demonstreer. Die gebruik van hierdie genre word gemotiveer deur na filmteorie se tradisioneel psigo-analitiese benadering tot grufilms te verwys. Enkele motiewe, herleibaar na Freudiaanse teorie, word aangedui - spesifiek met verwysing na die gebruik daarvan in die teoretisering van grufilms. Daarna word die "slasher"-subgenre beskryf, veral in terme van die historiese trajek wat die psigo-analitiese resepsie van hierdie gewilde genre illustreer. Laastens volg die analise van It Follows met betrekking tot die motiewe en konvensies bespreek in die vorige afdelings én deel 1 van hierdie studie. Die betoog word afgesluit deur die film as 'n demonstrasie van die dinamika van ideologie te interpreteer.
Versoening tussen leerders: Is parallelmediumskole die antwoord op die rassismeprobleem?
Authors: Du Plessis E , Marais P
Published: September 2017

Die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet stel dit duidelik dat enige vorm van diskriminasie nie toegelaat mag word nie. In ons skole beteken dit dat elke leerder ŉ reg het op goeie opvoeding en ŉ veilige skoolomgewing. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing is gerig op bestaande parallelmediumskole. Die uiteindelike vraagstuk is dus hoe multikulturele onderwys bevorder word en hoe rassisme aangespreek kan word? As teoretiese raamwerk is Kohlsberg se kognitiewe ontwikkelingsbenadering en Whitehouse se univerele waarderaamwerkbenadering gebruik om die navorsing te anker. As derde raamwerk beskou die skrywers egter Gandhi se moraliteitsfilosofie as ŉ perfekte eksponent van die strewe na versoening aan die hand van moraliteit as'n teenvoeter vir rassisme en ook as 'n voorwaarde vir nasiebou. Het Gandhi se opvattinge enigsins waarde vir die opvoeding en onderrig van leerders in Suid-Afrika en kan dit moontlik gebruik word om rassisme in skole aan te spreek? Hierdie vrae is met behulp van ŉ kwalitatiewe dokumentanalise beantwoord. Die bevindinge toon dat drie beginsels van Gandhi se moraliteitsfilosofie 'n voorvereiste is vir die bekamping van rassisme in parallelmediumskole. Die aanbeveling is dat alle aspekte van die onderwys gerig moet wees op die verowering van moreel-verantwoordbare selfverwesenliking.
Wireless Vein and Artery Identifier for Laparoscopic Instruments
Authors:   , Torres-Ventura J.
Published: September 2017

This article presents an innovation on a conventional laparoscopic instrument, to which was added the automatic function to identify veins and arteries. It is proposed the use of a reflective-optical sensor with a specific work wavelength acting on blood vessels. The discrimination success between veins and arteries is achieved based on the range of difference between the light emitted and the light reflected. At the tip of a laparoscopic instrument was fitted a reflective-optical sensor composed of a LED and a light dependent resistor. In the upper part of the instrument an electronic control, processing and radio frequency transmitter module was fitted, which warns the surgeon and his assistants if the detected blood vessel is a vein or artery. The instrument was tested in vitro using whole human blood samples and in vivo on canine model blood vessels. With the innovation a low-cost support tool is achieved that could aid the surgeon when working on minimally invasive environments.
Development of a Mechatronic System for Rehabilitation of Injuries in the Radial Nerve
Authors:   , vendaño-Santiago J. P.
Published: September 2017

This work presents the design, analysis and implementation of a mechatronic System focused on helping to improve Rehabilitation therapies to patients affected by some Radial Nerve Injuries (SYRR-NERI). The device was developed with the aim of finding simple solutions for the different subsystems that form the SYRR-NERI. The mechatronic system basically consists of two coupled four-bar mechanisms with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in their respective drive motors to regulate the rotational velocity. In addition, each mechanism has touch sensors in order to limit its movement. The implementation of the control algorithm and the logic to perform the synchronized movements is performed by a microcontroller. The result is an affordable and functional prototype which needs to be tested in real situations with the help of physiotherapists and patients to obtain the necessary information to improve its performance.
Development of a Myoelectric-Controlled Prosthesis for Transradial Amputees
Authors:   , Rodríguez-García M. E.
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo y puesta en operación de una prótesis robótica para pacientes amputados con desarticulado de muñeca. Esta prótesis consiste en un prototipo de impresión 3D que tiene dos grados de libertad que permiten realizar tareas de sujeción de tipo pinza, así como la orientación de objetos mediante los movimientos de pronación y supinación. Para el control de la prótesis se utilizan dos clasificadores de manera independiente: un clasificador bayesiano implementado en la plataforma Arduino y una red neuronal artificial implementada en el software MATLAB®; ambos realizan la clasificación de los movimientos mediante la adquisición, procesamiento y extracción de índices característicos de la señal de electromiografía. El clasificador bayesiano y la red neuronal artificial obtuvieron, respectivamente, una eficiencia de 97% y 100%, lo que muestra que los índices característicos seleccionados son adecuados para realizar la clasificación de señales de electromiografía propuesta. Se logró la creación de una prótesis mioeléctrica completamente funcional que, al ser elaborada con tecnología de impresión 3D, representa una alternativa de bajo costo a aquellas ofrecidas actualmente en el mercado.
Week 2 v1
Authors: L Hurwitz Bonnie
Published: September 2017

Let's start to download the fastq files for your project.
RESOLVING THE AERO ELECTROMAGNETIC (AEM) AND AEROMAGNETIC SIGNATURE OF THE BRUNSWICK NO 12 SULPHIDE DEPOSIT FROM ADJACENT FORMATIONAL ANOMALIES
Authors: Ribeiro Vanessa Biondo , Mantovani Marta Silvia Maria
Published: September 2017

The Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), Canada, hosts 46 volcanogenic-sedimentary massive sulphide deposits (VHMS), including the world-class Brunswick No. 12 deposit. The magnetic signature of this deposit is masked by the magnetic response of a nearby basaltic formation. A reliable 3D model may contribute significantly to a better understanding of the nature of the Brunswick No. 12 deposit at depth and provide an important vector for exploration. Locally abundant pyrrhotite in the deposit generates a strong magnetic anomaly. 3D modeling of the magnetic data using the geological and drill hole data available in the literature as constraints produced a model that could be compared with previously established geological models. This comparison pointed to a very good correlation of the vertical behavior of the 3D model with a previously derived geological section. Although continuous at depth, the model displays differences between the northern and southern portions of the upper region of the body. This “bifurcate” aspect is consistent with the presence of two magnetic anomalies associated with the deposit. Independent geological interpretations of the sulphide body indicate a greater discontinuity of the body in the E-W direction compared to N-S discontinuities in the magnetic model. The magnetic model was then compared with the deposit aero electromagnetic (AEM) signature, which also indicated a bifurcation between the northern and southern portions. The correlation of the interpretation of two geophysical methods based on very different physical properties helps to confirm the reliability of the 3D model obtained. The results of this study contribute to a better characterization of the geophysical signatures associated with the Brunswick No. 12 deposit and help understanding its petrophysical composition. The geophysical characteristics provide a benchmark for comparison with other (partially) masked anomalies in BMC area or elsewhere.