bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Streamlining of the Kabinakagami River Hydroelectric Project Environmental Assessment: What is the "Duty to Consult" with Other Impacted Aboriginal Communities When the Co-Proponent of the Project is an Aboriginal Community?
Authors: Gardner Holly L. , Kirchhoff Denis , Tsuji Leonard J
Published: August 2015

There is existing tension within many Aboriginal communities between economic development and preservation of traditional lands for the continued practice of traditional activities. The "duty to consult" doctrine has has become an important mechanism by which these concerns were identified and addressed (when possible) prior to development. This is a legal requirement that is rooted in the Constitution Act (1982) and subsequent legal case law that has further defined and outlined requirements under this obligation. This article describes the process that was carried out to advance the proposed Kabinakagami River Hydro Project Class Environmental Assessment in Northern Ontario, Canada with an emphasis on the approach to Aboriginal consultation. This project is unique because the co-proponent of the project is an Aboriginal community, with several neighbouring Aboriginal communities potentially affected by the project. This project raises questions about the approach to carrying out the duty to consult in an effective way. An evaluative framework was developed to examine timeline, information, means, and flexibility and transparency of the process to highlight shortcomings in the process and make recommendations for improvement.
Digital Data Management as Indigenous Resurgence in Kahnawà:ke
Authors: McMahon Rob , LaHache Tim , Whiteduck Tim
Published: August 2015

Indigenous peoples are addressing the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism through a variety of expressions of community resurgence. Among these initiatives are those leveraging digital technologies. In the emergent network society, digital infrastructures, and information and communication technologies are powerful tools that can support self-government. In this context, we document the development of digital data management in the Mohawk community of Kahnawà:ke. Data is the digital information generated by a community, encompassing areas like research, education, finance, health, membership, housing, lands, and resources. As self-determining political entities, each First Nation determines how this data is interpreted and used, supported by tools like data management platforms and information-sharing protocols. In this article, we show how local practices regarding the collection, use, and sharing of digital data in Kahnawà:ke provides a clear example of Indigenous resurgence.
Insights and Opportunities: Challenges of Canadian First Nations Drinking Water Operators
Authors: Murphy Heather M , Corston-Pine Elliott , Post Yvonne , McBean Edward A
Published: August 2015

Providing safe drinking water continues to be a challenge in Canadian First Nations communities. In 2011, in Ontario and British Columbia, only 45 percent and 51 percent of 143 and 160 First Nations had water systems with a fully trained certified operator, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate the issues of operator training, retention, and job satisfaction through semi-structured interviews and surveys of water system operators in Ontario and British Columbia. Operators reported the lack of funding for operation and maintenance, and a lack of support from band council as challenges in performing their jobs. Of those who reported being unsatisfied with their position, wages, hours of work, and lack of funding or support were cited as primary reasons.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO APLICADA AS MEDIDAS DE INTERVENÇÃO ESTATAL SOBRE OS CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Flávio Marcelo , Oliveira Liziane Paixão Silva
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de aplicar a metodologia da análise econômica do direito para a compreensão da forma de intervenção estatal no mercado que se criou com a comercialização dos créditos de carbono. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo sobre as externalidades negativas para o meio ambiente, sobre o impacto das externalidades na eficiência econômica e no direito de propriedade; sobre as formas empreendidas pelo Estado para contensão de tais efeitos; e por fim aplica-se a uma análise do mercado de crédito de carbono. Assim, o texto procura empregar a teoria de Pigou para a análise econômica das externalidades negativas e contribuir para formulação de políticas públicas mais eficientes na diminuição da poluição. Para a elaboração do artigo se empregou o método dedutivo com fulcro em pesquisa bibliográfica. Com base na pesquisa realizada foi possível concluir que se de um lado a intervenção estatal na economia pode reduzir a eficiência econômica, por outro ela é importante para minimizar os danos ao meio ambiente.
Validating Analog Production Type Curves for Resource Plays
Authors: McLane Mark , Gouveia Jim
Published: September 2015

Development projects in unconventional reservoirs can require capital expenditures of several hundred million to several billion dollars. Therefore it is essential that the assessment of these projects be as objective and unbiased as possible – that begins with the selection of analog production type curves.

Economic analysis of any development project is highly dependent on the production schedule incorporated into the cash flow model. For unconventional resource plays, project production schedules are often based on the aggregation of production type curves for an average, or representative, well within the defined project area. In general, we rely on the most representative analog wells available to define the production type curve. In established projects, these analogs typically come from the most recent wells within the project area; for new plays, the “best” analogs may be located in a different basin or play. But regardless of the data used to build type curves, the question emerges, “How do I know if my analog production type curve is representative?”

This paper presents methods for building aggregation models using Monte Carlo simulation to: Create confidence curves to evaluate the confidence of meeting pilot objectives as a function of the type curve uncertainty and the number of wells in the pilot;Generate Sequential Accumulation plots which project cumulative initial production rates for pilot projects onto a forecast envelope consisting of a cumulative P10-P90 envelope. By plotting the cumulative initial rates as pilot wells are brought online, the evaluator can assess whether the modeled type curve is appropriate or if it is conservative or optimistic.

Included in the paper are several examples comparing pilots that validate the selected type curve with pilots showing potential bias in the analog type curve. An important observation from these curves is the impact of sample size (e.g. the number of pilot wells) on the predicted confidence of meeting pilot objectives and the assessed validity of the analog type curve.
The evolution of organic character in a drought- and flood-impacted water source and the relationship with drinking water treatment
Authors: Fabris Rolando , Braun Kalan , Morran James Y. , Ho Lionel , Drikas Mary
Published: September 2015

A pilot-scale research investigation examining treatment technologies including coagulation, ion-exchange, activated carbon and membrane filtration and their impact on water quality coincided with a period of extensive variability in source water character. Distinct water quality periods as a result of extreme climatic conditions from drought to flood were observed and the natural organic matter (NOM) removal examined using a suite of organic characterisation techniques from simple ultraviolet (UV) absorbance to more advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and apparent molecular weight (AMW) distribution of the drought-impacted NOM was recalcitrant to coagulation with significant improvement in NOM removal resulting from the multi-step treatments. Among a number of discernible changes, floodwaters introduced high AMW, UV-absorbing NOM of terrestrial origin, which was shown to be more amenable to coagulation. Nevertheless the application of multi-step treatments resulted in further reduction in both the concentration and diversity of organic components. Filtration through granular activated carbon was observed to be the most variable treatment technology across the investigated period due to diminishing adsorption capacity. Conversely, the dual stage membrane filtration was shown to remove a broad range of organic matter, regardless of source water NOM concentration and character.
Analysis of monsoon rainfall variability over Narmada basin in central India: Implication of climate change
Authors: Thomas T. , Gunthe S. S. , Ghosh N. C. , Sudheer K. P.
Published: September 2015

Daily rainfall of 23 high resolution (1° × 1°) grid cells covering the Narmada basin has been analyzed to investigate the trend in extreme rainfall events. The trend analysis of the 1-day maximum rainfall series showed a significant positive trend at 95% significance level with the Mann–Kendall test statistic value of z = 3.66 over the entire basin. The analysis further suggested that there has been an increasing trend in the magnitude of 1-day maximum rainfall over the basin with more areas in the basin experiencing high intensity storms, which was more prominent in the most recent 20 years. Drought duration estimated by the standardized precipitation index for the periods 1951–1970 and 1989–2008 indicated that the entire basin has experienced frequent droughts during the recent two decades, with the middle zone of the basin being more prone to droughts. The analysis also suggested that appropriate measures may be proposed for better management of the water resources in the basin, and also for mitigation of floods and droughts, considering the increased risk of the high intensity storms as well as the increased frequency of drought occurrence during the recent two decades.
Differential regulation of GS-GOGAT gene expression by plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Dragicevic Milan , Simonovic Ana , Bogdanovic Milica , Subotic Angelina , Ghalawenji Nabil , Dragicevic Ivana , Todorovic Sladjana
Published: September 2015

Primary and secondary ammonium assimilation is catalyzed by the glutamine
synthetase-glutamate synthase (GS-GOGAT) pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis
genome contains five cytosolic GS1 genes (GLN1;1 - GLN1;5), one nuclear gene
for chloroplastic GS2 isoform (GLN2), two Fd-GOGAT genes (GLU1 and GLU2) and
a GLT1 gene coding for NADH-GOGAT. Even though the regulation of GS and
GOGAT isoforms has been extensively studied in response to various
environmental and metabolic cues in many plant species, little is known
about the effects of phytohormones on their regulation. The objective of
this study was to investigate the impact of representative plant growth
regulators, kinetin (KIN), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), on the expression of A. thaliana GS
and GOGAT genes. The obtained results indicate that GS and GOGAT genes are
differentially regulated by growth regulators in shoots and roots. KIN and
2,4-D repressed GS and GOGAT expression in roots, with little effect on
transcript levels in shoots. KIN affected all tested genes; 2,4-D was
apparently more selective and less potent. ABA induced the expression of
GLN1;1 and GLU2 in whole seedlings, while GA3 enhanced the expression of all
tested genes in shoots, except GLU2. The observed expression patterns are
discussed in relation to physiological roles of investigated plant growth
regulators and N-assimilating enzymes.
Swine flu in India - time to think
Authors: Srivastava Sheela
Published: August 2015

Journal of Biomedical Sciences 2015;2(2):17-18
Regulated Health Professions: Outcomes by Place of Birth and Training
Authors: Owusu Yaw , Sweetman Arthur
Published: September 2015

Do foreign birth and/or the possession of foreign academic credentials affect integration into Canadian regulated health occupations? While there are a few important commonalities across the eight occupations studied, especially that the foreign born, foreign trained are less likely to work in their trained profession, there are a number of differences. Broad-based policies will, therefore, have occupation-specific impacts. Among those actually working in their trained field, place of study/birth earnings gaps are frequently not statistically different from zero and, when non-zero, are negative for some occupations and positive for others. For workers who surmount the regulatory/employment hurdles, there is no evidence of sector-wide systematic earnings penalties to foreign birth/training although such effects may exist in selected occupations.
Non-dominating Sequences of Vectors Using only Resets and Increments
Authors: Czerwiński Wojciech , Gogacz Tomasz , Kopczyński Eryk
Published: September 2015

We consider sequences of vectors from ℕ d. Each coordinate of a vector can be reset or incremented by 1 with respect to the same coordinate of the preceding vector. We give an example of non-dominating sequence, like in Dickson’s Lemma, of length 22θ( n), what matches the previously known upper bound.
Graph Transformation Systems for Modeling Three Dimensional Finite Element Method. Part I
Authors: Ryszka Iwona , Paszyńska Anna , Grabska Ewa , Sieniek Marcin , Paszyński Maciej
Published: September 2015

In this paper we present several graph transformation systems modeling three dimensional h-adaptive Finite Element Method (3D h-FEM) algorithms with tetrahedral finite elements. In our approach a computational mesh is represented by a composite graph and mesh operations are expressed by the graph transformation rules. Each graph transformation system is responsible for different kind of operations. In particular, there is a graph transformation system expressing generation of an initial mesh, generating element matrices and elimination trees for interfacing with direct solver algorithm, a graph transformation system deciding which elements have to be further refined, as well as a graph transformation system responsible for execution of mesh refinements. These graph transformation systems are tested using a graph transformation tool (called GRAGRA), which provides a graphical environment for defining graphs, graph transformation rules and graph transformation systems. In this paper we illustrate the concepts by using an exemplary derivation for a three dimensional projection problem, based on a set of graph transformation rules.
Stochastic Bounded Diameter Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Authors: Akbari Torkestani Javad
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a learning automata-based algorithm is proposed for approximating a near optimal solution to the bounded diameter minimum spanning tree (BDMST) problem in stochastic graphs. A stochastic graph is a graph in which the weight associated with each edge is a random variable. Stochastic BDMST problem seeks for finding the BDMST in a stochastic graph. To the best of our knowledge, no work has been done on solving the stochastic BDMST problem, where the weight associated with the graph edge is random variable. In this study, we assume that the probability distribution of the edges random weight is unknown a priori. This makes the stochastic BDMST problem incredibly hard-to-solve. To show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, its results are compared with those of the standard sampling method (SSM). Numerical results show the superiority of the proposed sampling algorithm over the SSM both in terms of the sampling rate and convergence rate.
USE OF BENDING TESTS AND VISUAL INSPECTION FOR MULTI-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CHESTNUT TIMBER BEAMS STIFFNESS
Authors: SOUSA Hélder S. , BRANCO Jorge M. , LOURENÇO Paulo B.
Published: September 2015

The assessment of existing timber structures requires the determination of the mechanical properties of the individual timber members, which is often obtained by visual grading combined with information of small clear wood specimens. The purpose of this work is to present the results obtained in a multi-scale experimental evaluation of 20 old chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) beams, aimed at defining the correlations between bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) in different scales of timber members in combination with visual grading. The results of bending tests, according to EN 408:2010 (2010), were statistically analyzed to obtain correlations of bending MOE between and within different scales size. The results of visual inspection according to UNI 11119:2004 (2004) regarding the presence and distribution of defects were considered for variation analysis of MOE, evidencing a significant variance between samples of differ­ent visual strength grades. Strong correlations within the same phase (coefficient of determination r2 from 0.82 to 0.89) and moderate to high correlations for different phases (r2 from 0.68 to 0.71) were found for bending MOE. Cumulative distribution functions for global MOE remained similar throughout the experimental phases. Moreover, percentage of segments attributed to a specific visual grade is given for each member and compared between scales.
Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price & M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF
Authors: Baker Ed , Price Benjamin , Rycroft Simon , Villet Martin
Published: September 2015

Sound collections for singing insects provide important repositories that underpin existing research (e.g. Price et al. 2007 at http://bio.acousti.ca/node/11801; Price et al. 2010) and make bioacoustic collections available for future work, including insect communication (Ordish 1992), systematics (e.g. David et al. 2003), and automated identification (Bennett et al. 2015). The BioAcoustica platform (Baker et al. 2015) is both a repository and analysis platform for bioacoustic collections: allowing collections to be available in perpetuity, and also facilitating complex analyses using the BioVeL cloud infrastructure (Vicario et al. 2011). The Global Cicada Sound Collection is a project to make recordings of the world's cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) available using open licences to maximise their potential for study and reuse. This first component of the Global Cicada Sound Collection comprises recordings made between 2006 and 2008 of Cicadidae in South Africa and Malawi.

This collection of sounds includes 219 recordings of 133 voucher specimens, comprising 42 taxa (25 identified to species, all identified to genus) from South Africa and Malawi. The recordings have been used to underpin work on the species limits of cicadas in southern Africa, including Price et al. (2007) and Price et al. (2010). The specimens are deposited in the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa (AMGS).

The harvesting of acoustic data as occurrence records by GBIF has been implemented by the Scratchpads Team at the Natural History Museum, London. This link increases the value of individual recordings and the BioAcoustica platform within the global infrastructure of biodiversity informatics by making specimen/occurence records from BioAcoustica available to a wider audience, and allowing their integration with other occurence datasets that also contribute to GBIF.
Perineural tumour spread from colon cancer, an unusual cause of trigeminal neuropathy - a case report
Authors: Nair Kavitha , George Thomas , El Beltagi Ahmed
Published: August 2015

Malignant trigeminal neuralgia due to perineural spread along the branches of the trigeminal nerve, is known to commonly occur secondary to squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas in the head and neck region. Rarely metastases to the trigeminal nerve have been reported in breast cancer, prostate cancer and colon cancer. To the best of our knowledge trigeminal neuropathy due to skull base metastases and perineural spread along the maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve, secondary to colon cancer, has not been previously reported. The diagnosis in our index case was made on magnetic resonance imaging, and patient was treated accordingly by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, with subsequent relief of her pain.
Sarcoid tenosynovitis, rare presentation of a common disease. Case report and literature review
Authors: Al-Ani Zeid , Oh Teik Chooi , Macphie Elizabeth , Woodruff Michael J
Published: August 2015

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating tissue granulomas most commonly affecting lungs, lymph nodes and skin. Sarcoid skeletal involvement is relatively uncommon and in particular tenosynovitis. We describe an unusual case of sarcoidosis presenting with granulomatous tenosynovitis as the only manifestation of the disease, illustrating the radiological findings on different modalities followed by a review of the literature. Radiologists and clinicians should be aware of tenosynovitis as a manifestation of sarcoidosis as early and therefore appropriate treatment significantly alters patient's outcome and prognosis.
Maxillary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma presenting with epistaxis in a child
Authors: Uppaluri Srinivas Anand Swaroop , Yin Loi Hoi , Goh Giap Hean
Published: August 2015

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are a rare variant of primary chondrosarcomas and can pose a diagnostic dilemma, especially when the features on conventional imaging are equivocal for an aggressive lesion. There is very little PET-CT experience in mesenchymal chondrosarcomas as per the literature and to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to describe a maxillary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma on PET-CT imaging. We report a case where PET-CT not only complemented conventional imaging in suspecting a malignant osseous lesion, but also was indicative of the grade of the tumor.
A Case of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Reisner David , Brahee Deborah , Patel Schweta , Hartman Matthew
Published: August 2015

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare, aggressive tumor primarily affecting young males. It is considered a childhood cancer, and is characterized by a unique chromosomal translocation which leads to failure to suppress tumor growth. It is classified as a soft tissue sarcoma, sharing some features with other small round cell tumors such as Ewing's Sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Typical imaging findings include multiple heterogeneous, lobular abdominal masses, which can grow very large. Often there is a dominant mass with additional peritoneal, omental, retroperitoneal and retrovesical masses. Prognosis is relatively poor with a 3 year survival rate of 50% in those treated aggressively with surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and pathology are discussed in regards to a recent case.
Role of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease in a patient with double superior vena cava
Authors: Tashi Sonam , Ng Keng Sin
Published: August 2015

Cushing's syndrome is known to have a wide spectrum of clinical presentation with debilitating consequences and morbidity if not diagnosed and treated in time. Sometimes the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome can be challenging to the endocrinologist, especially when the usual battery of biochemical tests and advanced cross-sectional imaging is negative or inconclusive. We described a case in which the use of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) was conclusive albeit being technically challenging (due to a rare incidental finding of double superior vena cava) and invasive in nature.
Importance of Big Data
Authors: Ansari Seema , Mohanlal Radha , Poncela Javier , Ansari Adeel , Mohanlal Komal
Published: September 2015

Combining vast amounts of heterogeneous data and increasing the processing power of existing database management tools is no doubt the emerging need of IT industry in coming years. The complexity and size of data sets that need to be acquired, analyzed, stored, sorted or transferred has spiked in the recent years. Due to the tremendously increasing volume of multiple data types, creating Big Data applications that can extract the valuable trends and relationships required for further processes or deriving useful results is quite challenging task. Companies, corporate organizations or be it government agencies, all need to analyze and execute Big Data implementation to pave new paths of productivity and innovation. This chapter discusses the emerging technology of modern era: Big Data with detailed description of the three V's (Variety, Velocity and Volume). Further chapters will enable to understand the concepts of data mining and big data analysis, Potentials of Big Data in five domains i.e. Healthcare, Public sector, Retail, Manufacturing and Personal location Data.
Big Data Mining Based on Computational Intelligence and Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Akhtar Usman , Hassan Mehdi
Published: September 2015

The availability of a huge amount of heterogeneous data from different sources to the Internet has been termed as the problem of Big Data. Clustering is widely used as a knowledge discovery tool that separate the data into manageable parts. There is a need of clustering algorithms that scale on big databases. In this chapter we have explored various schemes that have been used to tackle the big databases. Statistical features have been extracted and most important and relevant features have been extracted from the given dataset. Reduce and irrelevant features have been eliminated and most important features have been selected by genetic algorithms (GA).Clustering with reduced feature sets requires lower computational time and resources. Experiments have been performed at standard datasets and results indicate that the proposed scheme based clustering offers high clustering accuracy. To check the clustering quality various quality measures have been computed and it has been observed that the proposed methodology results improved significantly. It has been observed that the proposed technique offers high quality clustering.
Numerical Determination of the LMTD Correction Factor for Shell-and-Tube 1-2 Heat Exchangers
Authors: Monteiro Guimarães Luiz Gustavo , dos Santos Guzella Matheus , Cabezas-Gómez Luben , Neves Teixeira Flávio
Published: September 2015

This paper outlines a novel numerical methodology to compute the LMTD correction factor for a shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Although the presented methodology can be extended to other shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the analysis presented is this paper concerns the one shell pass and two tube pass configuration, namely 1-2 shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The correction factor is compute by means of an association of e-NTU and LMTD approaches proposed by Kays and London (1998). An analysis of the convergence of the solution provided by the numerical methodology is confronted against results from an analytical solution available in the literature to compute the LMTD correction factor for infinite number of baffles. Numerical results shows that, as the number of baffles is increased, the numerical solution approaches the analytical solution available in the literature. The presented numerical methodology allows the direct computation of the LMTD correction factor for a determined arrangement, giving a new perspective on the project and sizing of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, since typically the analytical solution is applied for all arrangements.
Simulation and Determination of the Influence of the Gait Function on the Change of the Shape of a Snake-Like Robot
Authors: Prada Erik , Valášek Michael , Gmiterko Alexander
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the application of the Hirose ́s function for the achievement of the serpentine locomotion of the snake-like robot. Verification of the accuracy of locomotion was performed by simulation in the MATLAB 2012a program. At the beginning of the article, the biological aspects and the principle of the snake’s locomotion are mentioned. In the following chapter, the basic Hirose ́s function, which is subsequently transformed into the discreet shape in the Cartesian coordinates, is described. Moreover, relations for the calculation of rotation angle of the individual segments, wrapping angle and other similar parameters have been obtained. At the end of the article, simulations have been performed within which the influence of changes of the individual parameters of the function on the change of the shape of the snake-like robot have been observed.
Effect of Microwave Absorber towards Pyrolysis Yield of Automotive Paint Sludge
Authors: Syed Abdul Rahman Syarifah Nor Faizah , Rahman Norazah Bt Abdul , Idris Siti Shawalliah , Bakar Noor Fitrah Abu , Mokhtar Roslan , Januri Zakiuddin , Mohamad Khalil Muhammad Fareezuddin
Published: September 2015

Application of microwave absorber (MWA) does affect the yield of microwave pyrolysis process. In this study, activated carbon and graphite have been used as microwave absorbers and the results were then compared with the microwave pyrolysis process without microwave absorber. The yield of solid and liquid increased while the yield of gas decreased with the application of MWA. Chemical functional group inside MWA also affected by the microwave pyrolysis process and energy content of MWA slightly increased from 24.54 MJ/kg to 29.57 MJ/kg and 32.17 MJ/kg to 32.24 MJ/kg for activated carbon and graphite, respectively.
Radioactivity in western Canadian Coals
Authors: Cameron A R , Birmingham T F
Published: September 2015

Significant concentrations of uranium have been found in Cretaceous and younger coals and carbonaceous shales in the mid-western United States. This report presents field and laboratory data obtained during a study of lignite and other Tertiary coals of western
Canada. The Cypress Hills area of Saskatchewan holds t h e best promise for commercial concentrations of uranium.
Some Devonian charophytes from western Canada
Authors: Rice H M A
Published: September 2015

Charophytes are small, bushy, calcareous algae that live in fresh or brackish water. Their tiny round fruiting bodies have been recovered from rocks as old as Lower Devonian and may help in correlating rock units. Studies of fourteen collections of Devonian
charophytes in the paleontological collection of the Geological Survey of Canada have yielded three, possibly four species, and these are described in this report. Chovanella burgessi Peck and Eyer occurs in six of the collections and five of these also contain Eochara wickendeni Choquette. All of
these are from strata reported to be of Givetian (late Middle Devonian) age. Moellerina greenei Ulrich, occurs in two collections both believed to be of Frasnian (early Upper Devonian) age. The remaining s ix collections contain charophytes that closely resemble M. greenei but seem to be smaller and
also to resemble, in many aspects, Karpinskya bilineata Peck. They are designated ?Moellerina greenei and are from formations reported to range in age from Eifelian to Frasnian (early Middle Devonian to early Upper Devonian).
A subdivision of the Upper Cretaceous - Lower Tertiary Sustut Group, Toodoggone map area, British Columbia
Authors: Eisbacher G H
Published: September 2015

The Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Sustut Group within Toodoggone map-area of north-central British Columbia comprises continental elastic rocks and ash fall tuffs with a composite thickness of as much as 7, 600 feet (2, 310 m. ). Two formations (Tango Creek Formation
and Brothers Peak Formation} were mapped and correlated with known Sustut Group rocks in adjacent map-areas. Paleocurrent directions and modal analyses indicate progressive deformation within the basin framework during deposition of the Sustut Group. The existence of distinct elastic depositional
fans may be significant in developing mineral exploration concepts.
The adsorption and coprecipitation of silver on hydrous oxides of iron and manganese
Authors: Dyck W
Published: September 2015

With silver-110 m as a tracer, investigations were carried out on the adsorption of silver on freshly prepared hydrous oxides of iron and manganese in the pH region 4-8, and silver equilibrium concentration range 10-4 - 103 ppm. The results fit Freundlich
adsorption isotherms, and may be explained in terms of hydrogen - silver ion exchange. They also show that adsorption is essentially complete in less than 5 minutes and is strongly dependent on pH and the manner in which the precipitate was prepared, but is independent of temperature in the
0-50° C range, of moderate concentrations of sodium nitrate (~ 10 g/ 1), and of trace concentrations of sodium chloride (< 1 ppm) during test periods ranging from 1 to 3 days. Tests also showed that under equilibrium conditions and similar chemical environments the amounts of
silver coprecipitated or adsorbed were identical. Natural hydrous oxide precipitates adsorb much larger amounts of silver than do laboratory preparations under similar conditions of pH and equilibrium silver concentrations due to the presence of ions which form insoluble salts with
silver.
Quaternary geology road logs, Banff area, Alberta
Authors: Rutter N W
Published: September 2015

This paper contains six road logs dealing with aspects of the Quaternary geology in the area of Banff, Alberta.
BCR-ABL Mutation-Guided Therapy for CML Blast Crisis: A Case Report
Authors: Ostendorf Benjamin N. , Nogai Hendrik , Baldus Claudia D. , Burmeister Thomas , Arnold Renate
Published: August 2015

The management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in advanced phases is challenging and requires the consideration of different treatment approaches, including targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Here, we present the case of a patient with CML in mixed phenotype blast phase illustrating the integration of these strategies and demonstrating the need for close monitoring of treatment response in order to individually adjust treatment regimens.
A Structural and Conceptual Modification of the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF)
Authors: Jahiel Rene I.
Published: August 2015

Current criticisms of the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) are focused on its activity/participation component and on its conceptual basis. I propose structural and conceptual changes. (1) The components would be body structure, body function, intent, actual environment, and participation. (2) Intent would be linked to the concept of self-agency, and its codes would have two qualifiers associating it with capability and strength of willed activity. (3) All activity/participation codes of the original ICF would be moved to the modified ICF's participation component. This component is based on interaction between intent and environment, and it is linked to the concept of joint agency. (4) A new entity, scene setting, represents the sum total of all components' codes involved in a given act of participation. (5) Additional constructs are suggested to elucidate the relations between intent and environment that allow enactment of a given act of participation. The modified ICF is consistent with current concepts of disability and unambiguous in distinctions between body function, activity, and participation. There are no significant alterations in the original ICF codes.
Análise de qualidade da água no reservatório de rio Bonito (ES)
Authors: Basilio Cardoso Barros Trindade Priscilla , Souza Gotardo Schneider Denise , Sagrillo Pimassoni Lúcia Helena , Moreno Marques Maria Alice
Published: September 2015

The Rio Bonito hydropower plant reservoir is located in the Santa Maria da Vitoria Riv-er watershed, a major water supply source for the Great Vitoria metropolitan area. The river receives organic matter and nutrient input from domestic sewage, agricultural crops and livestock activities. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the quality of the water in the reservoir during the rainy and dry seasons of 2005 using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and 2) to assess the water quality parameters for calculating the WQI at each monitoring point, based on thresholds established by the CONAMA Reso-lution 357/05. The WQI showed that the river section under study had good quality wa-ter, except during the month of January when the quality was average due to high lev-els of turbidity and thermotolerant coliforms. The analysis of the parameters revealed the presence of polluting organic fraction and nutrients, probably due to agricultural crops and livestock activities in the region in addition to the release of domestic sew-age in the river. The monitoring point located downstream from the reservoir had better qualitative conditions than the upstream point, an indicator that the reservoir is working as a stabilization pond for treatment of effluents.
Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations
Authors: Jin Q. , Wei J. , Yang Z.-L. , Pu B. , Huang J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation and precipitation to Middle East dust aerosols on sub-seasonal timescales is studied using observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with online chemistry (WRF-Chem). Satellite data show that the ISM rainfall in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and Pakistan is closely associated with the Middle East dust aerosols. The physical mechanism behind this dust–ISM rainfall connection is examined through ensemble simulations with and without dust emissions. Each ensemble includes 16 members with various physical and chemical schemes to consider the model uncertainties in parameterizing short-wave radiation, the planetary boundary layer, and aerosol chemical mixing rules. Experiments show that dust aerosols increase rainfall by about 0.44 mm day−1 (~10 % of the climatology) in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and north Pakistan, a pattern consistent with the observed relationship. The ensemble mean rainfall response over India shows a much stronger spatial correlation with the observed rainfall response than any other ensemble members. The largest modeling uncertainties are from the boundary layer schemes, followed by short-wave radiation schemes. In WRF-Chem, the dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Middle East shows the strongest correlation with the ISM rainfall response when dust AOD leads rainfall response by about 11 days. Further analyses show that increased ISM rainfall is related to enhanced southwesterly monsoon flow and moisture transport from the Arabian Sea to the Indian subcontinent, which are associated with the development of an anomalous low-pressure system over the Arabian Sea, the southern Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian Plateau due to dust-induced heating in the troposphere. The dust-induced heating in the mid-upper troposphere is mainly located in the Iranian Plateau rather than the Tibetan Plateau. This study demonstrates a thermodynamic mechanism that links remote desert dust emissions in the Middle East to ISM circulation and precipitation variability on sub-seasonal timescales, which may have implications for ISM rainfall forecasts.
Formation of secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhausts when mixing with SO2
Authors: Liu T. , Wang X. , Hu Q. , Deng W. , Zhang Y. , Ding X. , Fu X. , Bernard F. , Zhang Z. , Lü S. , He Q. , Bi X. , Chen J. , Sun Y. , Yu J. , Peng P. , Sheng G. , Fu J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can enhance the formation of secondary aerosols from biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but its influence on secondary aerosol formation from anthropogenic VOCs, particularly complex mixtures like vehicle exhausts, is still poorly understood. Here we directly co-introduced gasoline vehicles exhausts (GVE) and SO2, a typical pollutant from coal burning, into a smog chamber to investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and sulfate aerosols through photooxidation. In the presence of high concentration of SO2, new particle formation was enhanced while substantial sulfate was formed through the oxidation of SO2. The homogenous oxidation by OH radicals contributed a negligible fraction to the conversion of SO2 to sulfate, and instead the oxidation by stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs), formed from alkenes in the exhaust reacting with ozone, dominated the conversion of SO2. After 5 h of photochemical aging, GVE's SOA production factor revealed an increase by 60–200 % in the presence of high concentration of SO2. This increase could largely be attributed to acid-catalyzed SOA formation, which was evidenced by the strong positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.97) between the SOA production factor and in-situ particle acidity calculated by AIM-II model. A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS) resolved OA's relatively lower oxygen-to-carbon (O : C) and higher hydrogen-to-carbon (H : C) molar ratios for the GVE/SO2 mixture, with a much lower estimated average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of −0.51 ± 0.06 than that of −0.19 ± 0.08 for GVE alone. The relative higher mass loading of OA in the experiments with SO2 might be the major reason for the lower oxidation degree of SOA.
Ice supersaturation and the potential for contrail formation in a changing climate
Authors: Irvine E. A. , Shine K. P.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Ice supersaturation (ISS) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is important for the formation of cirrus clouds and long-lived contrails. Cold ISS (CISS) regions (taken here to be ice-supersaturated regions with temperature below 233 K) are most relevant for contrail formation. We analyse projected changes to the 250 hPa distribution and frequency of CISS regions over the 21st century using data from the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 simulations for a selection of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models. The models show a global-mean, annual-mean decrease in CISS frequency by about one-third, from 11 to 7% by the end of the 21st century, relative to the present-day period 1979–2005. Changes are analysed in further detail for three subregions where air traffic is already high and increasing (Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes) or expected to increase (tropics and Northern Hemisphere polar regions). The largest change is seen in the tropics, where a reduction of around 9 percentage points in CISS frequency by the end of the century is driven by the strong warming of the upper troposphere. In the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes the multi-model-mean change is an increase in CISS frequency of 1 percentage point; however the sign of the change is dependent not only on the model but also on latitude and season. In the Northern Hemisphere polar regions there is an increase in CISS frequency of 5 percentage points in the annual mean. These results suggest that, over the 21st century, climate change may have large impacts on the potential for contrail formation; actual changes to contrail cover will also depend on changes to the volume of air traffic, aircraft technology and flight routing.
Adaptation of water resource systems to an uncertain future
Authors: Walsh C. L. , Blenkinsop S. , Fowler H. J. , Burton A. , Dawson R. J. , Glenis V. , Manning L. J. , Kilsby C. G.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Globally, water resources management faces significant challenges from changing climate and growing populations. At local scales, the information provided by climate models is insufficient to support the water sector in making future adaptation decisions. Furthermore, projections of change in local water resources are wrought with uncertainties surrounding natural variability, future greenhouse gas emissions, model structure, population growth and water consumption habits. To analyse the magnitude of these uncertainties, and their implications for local scale water resource planning, we present a top-down approach for testing climate change adaptation options using probabilistic climate scenarios and demand projections. An integrated modelling framework is developed which implements a new, gridded spatial weather generator, coupled with a rainfall-runoff model and water resource management simulation model. We use this to provide projections of the number of days, and associated uncertainty that will require implementation of demand saving measures such as hose pipe bans and drought orders. Results, which are demonstrated for the Thames basin, UK, indicate existing water supplies are sensitive to a changing climate and an increasing population, and that the frequency of severe demand saving measures are projected to increase. Considering both climate projections and population growth the median number of drought order occurrences may increase five-fold. The effectiveness of a range of demand management and supply options have been tested and shown to provide significant benefits in terms of reducing the number of demand saving days. We found that increased supply arising from various adaptation options may compensate for increasingly variable flows; however, without reductions in overall demand for water resources such options will be insufficient on their own to adapt to uncertainties in the projected changes in climate and population. For example, a 30 % reduction in overall demand by 2050 has a greater impact on reducing the frequency of drought orders than any of the individual or combinations of supply options; hence a portfolio of measures are required.
Estimation of deep infiltration in unsaturated limestone environments using cave LiDAR and drip count data
Authors: Mahmud K. , Mariethoz G. , Baker A. , Treble P. C. , Markowska M. , McGuire E.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the water cycle, for contaminant transport, for water management and for stalagmite-based paleoclimate reconstructions. Caves offer a natural inception point to observe both the long-term groundwater recharge and the preferential movement of water through the unsaturated zone of such limestone. With the availability of automated drip rate logging systems and remote sensing techniques, it is now possible to deploy the combination of these methods for larger scale studies of infiltration processes within a cave. In this study, we utilize a spatial survey of automated cave drip monitoring in two large chambers of the Golgotha Cave, South-West Western Australia (SWWA), with the aim of better understanding infiltration water movement and the relationship between infiltration, stalactite morphology and unsaturated zone recharge. By applying morphological analysis of ceiling features from Terrestrial LiDAR (T-LiDAR) data, coupled with drip time series and climate data from 2012–2014, we demonstrate the nature of the relationships between infiltration through fractures in the limestone and unsaturated zone recharge. Similarities between drip-rate time series are interpreted in terms of flow patterns, cave chamber morphology and lithology. Moreover, we develop a new technique to estimate recharge in large scale caves, engaging flow classification to determine the cave ceiling area covered by each flow category and drip data for the entire observation period, to calculate the total volume of cave discharge. This new technique can be applied to other cave sites to identify highly focused areas of recharge and can help to better estimate the total recharge volume.