bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of germanium in coal seam с7н of the Pavlohradska mine field
Authors: Ishkov V , Kozii Y , Chernobuk O , Pashchenko P , Kozar M , Dreshpak O
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the work is to establish the features of the spatial distribution of germanium in the coal seam с7н of the "Pavlohradska" mine field in Western Donbas. The methods of work. Each mineral fraction from the inorganic part of the с7н coal seam was selected purposefully in the mine workings and the core of 8 wells. A total of 30 samples of each mineral fraction were taken. The mineral composition of the fractions was monitored using the methods of optical microscopy and X-ray structural analysis. The identification of the mineral composition of the inorganic part of coal seams took place at 3 different scale levels: macro level – visually using standard mineralogical methods; micro level – by methods of optical microscopy using MIN-8 and MBS-9 microscopes; ultramicro level – by X-ray structural analysis. Findings.The presence of three zones of increased germanium content was found on the area of the с7н seam, and their spatial location was established. It was established that the common features of the geological structure of the с7н coal seam of the "Pavlohradska" mine field in the areas with the maximum germanium content are the minimum thickness of the coal seam, the presence of one or two partings, the presence of at least two low-amplitude northeast-trending disturbances. The main scientific novelty of the obtained results. The presence of genetically different forms of germanium in the с7н coal seam of the "Pavlohradska" mine field was revealed. It has been proven that the content of germanium in the с7н coal seam within the boundaries of the Pavlogradska mine field is influenced by both syngenetic factors: the thickness of the seam, the peculiarities of its structure, and the facies variability of the immediate and main roof and soil of the coal seam, as well as epigenetic factors - the presence of low-amplitude disturbances of the northeast reach. The main practical value of the performed researchis in the substantiation of the method of the most accurate assessment of the central tendency in the distribution of a sample population of germanium concentrations in the с7н coal seam of the Pavlohradska mine field, the construction of a series of maps that reflect the features of the spatial distribution of this element within the seam.
Research of the stressed and deformed state of a damping element
Authors: Maksymiuk Y , Andriievskyi V , Martyniuk I , Maksymiuk O
Published: July 2024

Purpose. The aim is to develop an effective numerical analysis apparatus based on the semi-analytical finite element method (SAFEM) for studying the stressed and deformed state of prism-shaped bodies of complex configuration with arbitrarily applied material properties and solving a new practically significant problem on this basis. The methods.I t is based on numerical experiments, the conduct of which allows investigating the issues of adequacy of theory and solution methods to the real properties of structures and the processes occurring in them. The implementation of the work tasks is based on the use of the finite element method (FEM) and the developed numerical apparatus of SAFEM. Findings. Based on the developed numerical apparatus of SAFEM, an example of solving a specific problem is shown. In the elastic and elastoplastic formulations, the calculation of the damping element, which is a box-like structure reinforced with two longitudinal ribs, is performed. The dependence of the level of plastic deformations in the area of fillet transitions on the rounding radius is obtained. The originality. It lies in the development, based on the moment scheme of finite elements and the semi-analytical version of FEM, of an effective numerical approach to the study of arbitrarily loaded prism-shaped bodies of complex shape, the deformation of which may exceed the elasticity limit of the material. Due to the representation of displacements by polynomials and the use of iterative methods for solving systems of calculation equations, this approach has been developed with respect to the calculation of objects with arbitrary boundary conditions on the ends, which has allowed expanding the scope of effective SAFEM application to a new class of problems. Practical implementation. It lies in the fact that the developed effective methodology for solving new complex problems of elastic and elastoplastic equilibrium of prism-shaped bodies is implemented in the form of comprehensive programs and can be used in design and construction practice in construction, mechanical engineering, and other technical fields.
Brood-grooming behavior of American lobsters Homarus americanus in conditions of ocean warming and acidification
Authors: Sisti AR , Jellison B , Shields JD , Rivest EB
Published: July 2024

The relationship between adverse environmental conditions and grooming behavior is an unresolved mechanism whereby a changing climate may impact reproductive success in animals that brood their eggs. Although important to embryo survival and development in decapod crustaceans, brood grooming by ovigerous females may be impacted by energetically demanding conditions associated with climate change, which may contribute to lethal and sublethal outcomes for brood health and survival. Despite its potential importance to reproduction, brood-grooming behavior has not been empirically described in the American lobster Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, a commercially important marine decapod. The relationship between brood-grooming behavior, temperature, and pH was explored at different points in the embryogenesis of American lobsters. For a period of 5 mo, egg-bearing females were exposed to different combinations of ecologically relevant conditions of temperature and pH, including those reflecting ocean warming (+4°C), ocean acidification (-0.5 pH), and the combination of warming and acidification. Fecundity, embryo development, and female grooming behavior were assessed at multiple time points. The proportion of time that lobsters spent fanning, but not probing, their broods increased with advancing embryo development. Neither egg loss, nor any measured brood-grooming behaviors, varied significantly with temperature or pH in this experiment. American lobster reproduction appears well suited to tolerate future conditions of ocean acidification and warming based on the ability to maintain stable brood grooming and brood mortality levels under a range of conditions.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Study of the Leutragin Peptide Drug in Svetlogorsk Minipig Blood Serum after Single Administration
Authors: Ogneva N. S. , Nesterov M. S. , Khvostov D. V. , Stankova N. V. , Karkischenko V. N.
Published: July 2024

In this work, we investigate the pharmacokinetics of a new anti-inflammatory hexapeptide registered under the name of Leutragin. The study was conducted on Svetlogorsk minipigs by intravenous and a single rectal administration of the drug in the form of a solution and suppositories at an equal dose of 10 mg. The shortest time to reach peak concentration was demonstrated with intravenous administration, with the Tmax being 30 min. The maximum concentration (Cmax) when administering Leutragin in a suppository form was 141.37 ng/g. This concentration was achieved at the Tmax of 90 min, following which Leutragin remained in the bloodstream for 2.5 h. The absolute bioavailability of Leutragin in the suppository and solution form was 59.6% and 70.03%, respectively. The peak concentration of Leutragin under its rectal administration occurred at 150 min, following with the drug remained in the bloodstream for 4 h.
Preparation of Differentiated Recombinant Human β2-Microglobulin and Mouse β2-Microglobulin Proteins for its Detection in Class I HLA Chimeric Molecules
Authors: Karkischenko V. N. , Ezerskiy V. A. , Koloskova E. M. , Nesterov M. S.
Published: July 2024

Transgenic humanized animals are increasingly in demand for biomedical research and pharmacological testing. More and more lines of transgenic animals are being created, including those with knockout of their own genes. There is an urgent need for an evidence base for the integration of a transgene, its expression, determination of the knockout state of its own gene at the molecular genetic level, detection of translation of the target protein in different organs and tissues, proof for the absence of protein synthesis (or its non-functionality), the gene of which has been modified. This requires highly specific reagents, proteins and antibodies to them in particular, the vast majority of which are presented by foreign manufacturers. The task was set to identify mouse and human β2-microglobulin in protein fractions of organs and tissues of transgenic and knockout mice of several HLA lines created in recent years at the Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies, Russia. At the first stage of our research, recombinant E. coli producing strains were obtained.
System Normalized Gamma Oscillations of Brain Structures: Pharmacological Analysis of Neurochemical and Metabolic Processes
Authors: Karkischenko N. N. , Fokin Yu. V. , Kharitonov S. Yu.
Published: July 2024

A systematic study of γ-oscillations was carried out using rats with chronically implanted electrodes in the proreal gyrus, somatosensory cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Brain electrograms (BE) were recorded and investigated using an original software and hardware module. Linear diagrams were constructed using a QMS17 device in a frequency range of 60–250 Hz or greater. A mathematical analysis, normalization, and rationing of the series of γ-rhythms under the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACC), and insulin relative to similar background series were performed by double discrete-time Fourier transform and double angle arctangent function, which allowed us to extract relevant information from extremely small (1–2 μV) values of γ-oscillations. The accumulation of the substances under study was achieved by introducing the Aminalon (GABA), Galantamine (ACC), and liposomal Insulin pharmaceuticals. The plasma concentrations of the studied drugs were verified by HPLC and mathematical modeling. The normalized BE (NBE) reflected the intracentral mechanisms of action of the tested drugs, which were characterized by a stable picture in the resting state of the animals and under the action of Aminalon, Galantamine, and Insulin at the peak of their plasma concentrations (according to pharmacokinetic parameters). The γ-activity of the brain is maintained at the systemic level. Blockade of γ-oscillations in the frontal pole leads to their activation in the associated brain structures: the hypo-thalamus, reticular formation, caudate nucleus, etc. Under the influence of Aminalon, the total depressive effects were observed over the entire analyzed range in the posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus and proreal gyrus, as well as activating effects in the frequency range 60–75 Hz in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus. Under the action of Galantamine, partial depressive effects in the hippocampus and hypothalamus were observed at   frequencies of about 60–65, 95–105, and 150 Hz. Under the action of liposomal Insulin, partial activating effects were noted in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus and in the dorsal hippocampus in the frequency range of 60–85 Hz.
Minipigs as Preferred Laboratory Animals for Extrapolation of Biomedical Research Data to Humans
Authors: Alimkina O. V. , Petrova N. V. , Stankova N. V. , Fokin Yu. V. , Glotova E. S. , Laryushina N. A. , Vasil’eva I. A.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of 10-year research studies conducted using minipigs at the Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies. Comparisons with the most significant laboratory animals are presented. Prospects for involving minipigs in various biomedical manipulations as an alternative to monkeys, whose use is restricted, are shown.
PENGARUH PRINSIP-PRINSIP GOOD GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KANTOR DESA TEGALREJO
Authors: Saputra Wendi Aji
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Kantor Desa Tegalrejo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode penelitian survey. Pada penelitiain ini populasi yang diambil adalah masyarakat Desa Tegalrejo dengan jumlah masyarakat sebanyak 458. Untuk menentukan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rumus slovin dengan diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 214 responden. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara prinsip good governance terhadap kualitas pelayanan publik di Kantor Desa Tegalrejo. Hal tersebut diperoleh dari t-test dimana  = 23,838 lebih besar dari = 1,971 dan nilai sig. 0,000 dan koefisien determinasi memperoleh nilai 0,728 atau 72,8% yang berarti bahwa kualitas pelayanan publik di kantor desa Tegalrejo dipengaruhi oleh prinsip good governance sebesar 72,8%.
Implementation of Online-Based Regional Tax Services at the Regional Revenue Agency of Kutai Kartanegara Regency: Dynamic Governance Perspective
Authors: Paselle Enos , Alamin Fathul , Harun Harun , Khalilullah Muhammad Adha , Adawiyah Rabiatul , Madeyanto Suka
Published: July 2024

The efforts made by the Kutai Kartanegara Regency Government in managing regional taxes start from exploring tax potential, tax data collection and assessment, and billing, as well as other efforts in optimizing revenue from the Regional Tax sector such as the use of technology and information to support the acceleration and ease of implementing tax administration management as well as providing convenience in providing service accessibility to the community in the context of modernizing tax administration and realizing regional fiscal independence. Qualitative research conducted regarding the dynamic governance perspective in the implementation of online-based Regional Tax services proves that the application of culture and capability elements can be a supporting factor in the successful implementation of the Online Tax service program at the Regional Revenue Agency of Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Although the formation of an appropriate work culture requires a long time, there is a need to strengthen socialization which is an important part of optimizing the implementation of this program.
The impact of variable fillets on corner separation in a liner compressor cascade
Authors: Zhang Gangduo , Zhu Mingmin , Liu Hui , Qiang Xiaoqing , Teng Jinfang
Published: July 2024

The performance of highly-loaded compressor is retricted by complex three-dimensional corner separation. The fillet with variable geometry around the blade has shown its potential in reducing the corner separation. However, there are no specific design criteria for fillets. Additionally, the impact of variable fillets on flow mechanisms and unsteady flow phenomena remains unclear. In this paper, the NACA65-K48 cascade profile without a fillet is used as a baseline. A parametric design method is developed to generate fillets with uniform and variable profiles along the axial direction. Cascades with two uniform and three variable fillets are profiled to explore the effect and flow mechanisms of fillet sizes. Steady numerical simulations are carried out in these cascades at different attack angle conditions. Compared with uniform fillets, all three variable fillets are able to improve performance at near-stall point without degradation at other attack angles. The fillet with size increasing and gradually decreasing along the chord has the best performance improvement within the full attack angle range. Analysis of axial and spanwise wall shears indicates that uniform fillets lift the separation area upward as a whole, while variable fillets eliminate small endwall separation and significantly reduce large-scale corner separation to decrease losses over the entire operating range. To further elaborate the key flow and loss mechanisms, unsteady simulations are conducted with the Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) model. SBES simulations predict near stall conditions comparable to steady results. The results demonstrate that variable fillets reduce corner separation by smoothing transition between blade and endwall and reducing transverse pressure gradient. The configuration with increasing then decreasing fillet size shows the greatest potential for improving performance, by suppressing additional trailing edge separation caused by large fillet size.
Dos nuevos lugares de anidación para el flamenco del Caribe, Phoenicopterus ruber (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae), en el noroeste de República Dominicana
Authors: Fernández Eladio , Paulino María , Paulino Luis Ramón
Published: July 2024

Se reportan dos nuevos sitios de anidación del flamenco caribeño (Phoenicopterus ruber) dentro del Parque Nacional Manglares de Estero Balsa en el noroeste de República Dominicana. El primer sitio, Laguna Manolo, estaba inactivo en el momento de la visita en el 2022, pero se documentaron 84 montículos de anidación y aproximadamente 200 flamencos volantones juveniles. El segundo sitio de anidación del 2023, Laguna Atravesada, se encontraba activo en el momento de la documentación y se registraron 305 montículos de anidación y una guardería de 166 polluelos recién nacidos.
PERBEDAAN KUALITAS TIDUR MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN ANTARA KONDISI LAMPU MATI DENGAN KONDISI LAMPU HIDUP
Authors: Elisabet Sinaga Ananda Tasya , Syafina Melati Azri  , Siti Nurhadijah  , Desni Theresia Butar-butar
Published: July 2024

Sleep quality is everyone's ability to maintain their sleep state and to get proper REM and NREM sleep stages (Khasanah & Hidayati, 2012). Objective: Identify differences in lights off and lights on students' sleep quality. Method: In this study the author used a quantitative type of study with a quasi-experimental design, the Instrument used in this study was Sleep Quality adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the questionnaire was tested for validity and rehabilitation. Results: Sleep quality in the most living lamp conditions in the bad category, namely in the 20-year-old group as many as 5 people (45.4%), 6-7 hours of sleep duration with good sleep quality as many as 5 people (45.4%), has a history of illness with good sleep quality as many as 5 people (45.4%). Meanwhile, in the 19 years old group, there are 7 people (36.8%), with a 6-7 hours’ sleep duration that has a good sleep quality of 8 people (42.1%), there is no history of diseases with a good sleep quality of 8 people (42.1%). Conclusion: The picture of lamp uses in Nursing Students in 2024 when sleeping with lights on is 11 people (36.6%), while lamp use when sleeping with lights off is 19 people (63.4%). The picture of the quality of sleep for Nursing Students in 2024, which has a good quality of sleep, is 22 people (73.4%), while the quality of sleep is 8 people (26.6%).
ÁGUA E ÓLEO
Authors: Luiz Felipe
Published: July 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo é debater a relação tensa entre Foucault e o marxismo. Para tanto, dois autores marxistas que trabalham essa relação são analisados, a partir de alguns de seus trabalhos recentes: Jacques Bidet e Domenico Losurdo, ambos marxistas, mas com perspectivas muito diferentes. Para o primeiro, Foucault e Marx podem ser pensados conjuntamente, nos marcos daquilo que ele chama de metamarxismo, com a reinscrição de Foucault no quadro mais amplo da dialética. Já para Losurdo, Foucault seria um empecilho para a revolução. A partir do confronto dessas duas perspectivas díspares, propomos uma saída contrária àquela de Bidet, ao passo que descartamos Losurdo: uma absorção de partes da crítica marxista em um marco foucaultiano a partir da noção de estratégia, operação teórica que estamos desenvolvendo.
POSSIBILIDADES DE AUTONOMIA DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Guimarães André
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre possibilidades de autonomia da IA, a partir de argumentos favoráveis e argumentos contrários, buscando manter um equilíbrio entre o tecnoentusiasmo e o tecnocatastrofismo. o artigo deixa registrada uma vereda sobre possibilidades de singularização das máquinas digitais, a partir da discussão dos estados objetais não objetiváveis. A instanciação material da Máquina de Turing (conceito abstrato) traria a possibilidade, teórica, de construtos identitários singulares a máquinas digitais. A existência dessa possibilidade deixa aberto o caminho para que as máquinas digitais se tornem autônomas e inteligentes.
The impact of fangxian huangjiu on the fermentation quality and microbial community dynamics of cigar wrapper leaves
Authors: Yao Lan , Zhang Tongtong , Shan Yule , Yang Jingpeng , Yu Jun , Yang Chunlei , Chen Xiong
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Cigar wrapper leaves (CWLs) plays a crucial role in reflecting cigar overall quality. Originating from the Qinba region of China, Fangxian Huangjiu (FHJ) is distinctive from other varieties of Huangjiu.

Methods: To investigate the effects of FHJ on enhancing the aroma and quality of CWLs, as well as the consequent alterations in microbial communities, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with Odor Active Value (OAV) analysis was utilized to evaluate the volatile aroma components of CWLs.

Results and Discussion: The results indicated that the total amount of aroma compounds in CWLs reached 3,086.88 ug/g, increasing of 270.50% and 166.31% compared to the unfermented and naturally fermented groups, respectively. Among them, β-ionone and 4,7,9-megastigmatrien-3-one from the FHJ fermentation group significantly influenced the sensory characteristics of CWLs. Metagenomic results demonstrated that FHJ fermentation enriched the abundance of both shared and unique microbial species in CWLs, while also increased the diversity of differential microbial species. Addition of FHJ effectively altered the microbial community structure of CWLs from a dominance of Staphylococcus to a prevalence of Staphylococcus, Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter. The interactions among these diverse microorganisms collectively contribute to the enhancement of the intrinsic quality of CWLs. This paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of CWLs by FHJ and exploring the changes of microbial community structure and interaction between CWLs and FHJ.
Trapping the substrate radical of heme synthase AhbD
Authors: Heidinger Lorenz , Fix Isabelle , Friedrich Thorsten , Layer Gunhild
Published: July 2024

The heme synthase AhbD catalyzes the last step of the siroheme-dependent heme biosynthesis pathway, which is operative in archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The AhbD-catalyzed reaction consists of the oxidative decarboxylation of two propionate side chains of iron-coproporphyrin III to the corresponding vinyl groups of heme b. AhbD is a Radical SAM enzyme employing radical chemistry to achieve the decarboxylation reaction. Previously, it was proposed that the central iron ion of the substrate iron-coproporphyrin III participates in the reaction by enabling electron transfer from the initially formed substrate radical to an iron-sulfur cluster in AhbD. In this study, we investigated the substrate radical that is formed during AhbD catalysis. While the iron-coproporphyrinyl radical was not detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, trapping and visualization of the substrate radical was successful by employing substrate analogs such as coproporphyrin III and zinc-coproporphyrin III. The radical signals detected by EPR were analyzed by simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed radical species on the substrate analogs indicate that hydrogen atom abstraction takes place at the β-position of the propionate side chain and that an electron donating ligand is located in proximity to the central metal ion of the porphyrin.
Argonaute-2 autoantibodies: a promising biomarker for predicting mortality in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Hu Yue , Li Jiaqi , Ma Huailu , Shi Zongqi , Wen Chaojing , Long Yu , Li Ziwei , Sun Hang , Yang Yixuan , Shi Xiaofeng
Published: July 2024

Background & aims

HBV infection initiates autoimmune responses, leading to autoantibody generation. This research explores the role of autoantibodies in HBV-related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF), offering novel perspectives for clinical management.

Method

We applied immunoprecipitation and iTRAQ techniques to screen for autoantibodies in serum from HBV-related cirrhosis patients and conducted detection with conformation- stabilizing ELISA in a cohort of 238 HBV-infected individuals and 49 health controls. Our results were validated in a retrospective cohort comprising 106 ACLF patients and further assessed through immunohistochemical analysis in liver tissues from an additional 10 ACLF cases.

Results

Utilizing iTRAQ, we identified Argonaute1-3 autoantibodies (AGO-Abs) in this research. AGO2-Abs notably increased in cirrhosis, decompensation, and further in ACLF, unlike AGO1-Abs and AGO3-Abs. This reflects disease severity correlation. Logistic regression and COX models confirmed AGO2-Abs as independent prognostic indicators for decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) and ACLF. In the ROC analysis, AGO2-Abs showed significant diagnostic value for predicting 28- and 90-day mortality (AUROC = 0.853 and 0.854, respectively). Furthermore, combining AGO2-Abs with the Child-Pugh, MELD, and AARC scores significantly improved their predictive accuracy (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed poorer survival for AGO2-Abs levels above 99.14μg/ml. These findings were supported by a retrospective validation cohort. Additionally, immunohistochemistry revealed band-like AGO2 expression in periportal liver areas, with AGO2-Abs levels correlating with total bilirubin, indicating a potential role in exacerbating liver damage through periportal functions.

Conclusions

AGO2-Abs is a robust biomarker for predicting the mortality of patients with HBV-related ACLF.
Role of gut microbiota and metabolomics in the lipid-lowering efficacy of statins among Chinese patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Hu Lihua , Hu Boxian , zhang Long , Hu Yuhong , Zhang Yali , Zhang Ruihang , Yu Hongxi , Liu Dan , Wang Xiaolei , Lin Ouya , Gong Yanjun , Zhang Yan , Li Cheng , Li Jianping
Published: July 2024

Background

Statins, being the primary pharmacological intervention for hypercholesterolemia, exhibit a notable degree of interpatient variability in their effectiveness, which may be associated with gut microbiota. This study sought to identify the biomarkers for evaluating differences in statin efficacy.

Methods

A quasi case-control study was conducted among participants with hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease taking rosuvastatin essential. According to the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), participants was divided into the “Up to standard” (US) group and the “Below standard” (BS) group. 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were applied to detected the information of gut microbiota and related metabolites.

Results

A total of 8 US and 8 BS group matched by age and sex were included in the final analysis. 16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the characteristic strains of the US group were f-Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes and g-Papillibacter, while the characteristic flora of the BS group were o-C0119, g-Pseudolabrys, s-Dyella-Marensis and f-Xanthobacaceae. Metabolomic results suggested that the levels of chenodeoxycholic acid-3-β-D-glucuronide, 1-methylnicotinamide and acetoacetate in stool samples of the US group were significantly higher than those of the BS group. By identifying the differentially abundant bacterial taxa, the gut microbiota could modulate the efficacy of statins through producing enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the difference in statin efficacy may be related to gut microbiota strains that can produce short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids and affect the efficacy of statins by regulating the activities of cholesterol metabolite-related proteins. Metabolites related to short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids in the gut are expected to be biomarkers indicating the efficacy of statins.
High-quality implementation for a continuous-in-time financial API in C#
Authors: Chakkour Tarik
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a rising interest in potentially complex software and financial industries with applications in many engineering fields. With this rise comes a host of developing a usable and consistent Application Programming Interface (API). Prioritize designing and building the software ensures to enrich the platform and emphasize inventorying APIs. In this paper, we proposed a high-quality API to implement the continuous-in-time financial model. The existing discrete framework cannot be evaluated at any time period, involving drawbacks in operating the data structures. Then, the continuous framework is implemented based on the measure theory paradigm. Our proposal uses mathematical modeling, which consists of some objects as measures and fields. It is suitable to develop this API in C# to provide the requirement quality in programming language professionally. This also integrates demands, codes, and verification in the system development life cycle. The advantages are aimed at increasing the structuring and readability. The presented work provides an overview of the design, implementation, testing, and delivery aspects of the API, highlighting the importance of architecture, testing, and numerical choices. The article gives an overview of the API by describing the implementation concerning the data structures and algorithms. These algorithms are based on using the Task Parallel Library (TPL) that makes the API easier and more fruitful for data parallel to benefit from the advantages provided by the .NET Framework.
Case Report: Patent ductus arteriosus with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Chen Tingrui , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wang Yiping
Published: July 2024

A 33-year-old patient presented with a chief complaint of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) persisting for over 30 years. Physical examination revealed bilateral facial angiofibromas, multiple nail fibromas, intraoral fibromas, and a ’shagreen patch’ on the left lumbar region. Genetic testing was performed using a peripheral venous blood sample, which confirmed the diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Type 2 (TSC2). Subsequently, the patient underwent cardiac color Doppler ultrasound and chest computed tomography angiography, which confirmed the presence of PDA. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The initial clinical manifestation of TSC is usually cardiac rhabdomyoma in children, and it is rarely reported in adults with PDA. In this case, the patient was diagnosed with PDA when he was young, and the genetic test showed heterozygous variation of TSC2 gene. The purpose of this article is to explore the correlation between TSC and PDA at the gene level through literature review.
Biomechanical factors and atherosclerosis localization: insights and clinical applications
Authors: Bacigalupi Elena , Pizzicannella Jacopo , Rigatelli Gianluca , Scorpiglione Luca , Foglietta Melissa , Rende Greta , Mantini Cesare , Fiore Franco M. , Pelliccia Francesco , Zimarino Marco
Published: July 2024

Although the entire vascular bed is constantly exposed to the same risk factors, atherosclerosis manifests a distinct intra-individual pattern in localization and progression within the arterial vascular bed. Despite shared risk factors, the development of atherosclerotic plaques is influenced by physical principles, anatomic variations, metabolic functions, and genetic pathways. Biomechanical factors, particularly wall shear stress (WSS), play a crucial role in atherosclerosis and both low and high WSS are associated with plaque progression and heightened vulnerability. Low and oscillatory WSS contribute to plaque growth and arterial remodeling, while high WSS promotes vulnerable changes in obstructive coronary plaques. Axial plaque stress and plaque structural stress are proposed as biomechanical indicators of plaque vulnerability, representing hemodynamic stress on stenotic lesions and localized stress within growing plaques, respectively. Advancements in imaging and computational fluid dynamics techniques enable a comprehensive analysis of morphological and hemodynamic properties of atherosclerotic lesions and their role in plaque localization, evolution, and vulnerability. Understanding the impact of mechanical forces on blood vessels holds the potential for developing shear-regulated drugs, improving diagnostics, and informing clinical decision-making in coronary atherosclerosis management. Additionally, Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) finds clinical applications in comprehending stent-vessel dynamics, complexities of coronary bifurcations, and guiding assessments of coronary lesion severity. This review underscores the clinical significance of an integrated approach, concentrating on systemic, hemodynamic, and biomechanical factors in atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability among patients with coronary artery disease.
Gender differences in outcomes after left atrial appendage closure with Watchman FLX device: insights from the Italian-FLX registry
Authors: Bonanni Michela , Frazzetto Marco , Nardone Annalisa , Meucci Francesco , Musto Carmine , Quaranta Gaetano , Saccà Salvatore , Bedogni Francesco , Maffeo Diego , Ugo Fabrizio , Guarracini Fabrizio , Bocuzzi Giacomo , Durante Alessandro , Granatelli Antonino , Tumminello Gabriele , Eusebio Geppina , Grasso Carmelo , De Marco Federico , Cortese Bernardo , Mariani Massimiliano , Berti Sergio
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Recent studies have shown gender differences in cardiovascular outcomes after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), highlighting different complication rates and adverse events, particularly in short-term assessments. As a result, there remains a significant knowledge gap on how these differences directly impact the efficacy and safety of LAAC procedures. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of LAAC in women and men using the Watchman FLX device.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study analyzes gender-specific outcomes in 650 patients who underwent LAAC with the Watchman FLX device between March 2019 and May 2022, drawn from the ITALIAN-FLX registry.

Results

The results show comparable rates of all-cause mortality, stroke, transient ischemic attack and major bleeding in men and women 12 months after the procedure. Notably, no significant gender differences were found for periprocedural complications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study shows that LAAC with the Watchman FLX device has comparable clinical outcomes between genders at both short-term and long-term follow-up.
Flipping the anatomy classroom: a comparative analysis of 16-week and 8-week courses in a community college
Authors: Gopalan Chaya , Bruno Elizabeth L. , Daughrity Sheyenne E. , Nguyen Kim-Leiloni T.
Published: July 2024

Using flipped teaching modality, a student-centered approach, in community college courses remains an understudied area. This study explored the effectiveness of unflipped (UF), partially flipped (PF), and fully flipped (FF) teaching formats within the confines of an accelerated 8-week Introduction to Human Anatomy course at a community college. The purpose of this study was to examine flipped teaching in an accelerated anatomy course by comparing final examination scores between the UF, PF, and FF modalities, compare the effectiveness of flipped teaching between a regular (16-week) and an accelerated anatomy course, evaluate the effect of different teaching modalities on male and female students between a regular and an accelerated course; and examine UF, PF, and FF among the above-median and the below-median students. Students in the FF sections were required to read relevant chapter(s) in the textbook and review slides before class. Students in the PF sections were required to read the textbook and slides for 25% of the chapters. All students took the same final exams and similar section exams. Final exam scores were higher in the regular 16-week course than in the 8-week course for UF (p = 0.0219) and PF (p = 0.0183) modalities. The 16-week course had higher final examination scores (p = 0.0492; n = 65) than the 8-week course. Male students scored lower in the 8-week FF course (49.42 ± 13.72) than in the 8-week PF (p = 0.006) and 16-week FF (p = 0.0008) formats and also compared to female students in the 8-week FF course (p = 0.0121). Above-median students in the 8-week course had significantly lower scores in the FF modality (71.35 ± 7.01) compared to PF (80.92 ± 5.30) (p = 0.009). Below-median students in the 8-week course had lower scores in the FF modality (52.25 ± 11.48) compared to UF (p = 0.0113) and PF (p = 0.04). In conclusion, FF in a 16-week anatomy course resulted in higher final exam scores than in the 8-week course. The 8-week FF format affected male student scores. Both above- and below-median groups experienced similar effects when exposed to FF within the accelerated course. Further investigations are essential to inform the refinement of flipped teaching methodologies in community colleges, particularly in the context of accelerated courses.
The relationship between sex hormone levels and ocular surface parameters in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty
Authors: Jiang Wen , Yang Lixia , Liang Shuang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the change of sex hormone levels and ocular surface parameters in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP).

Methods

Eighteen girls with ICPP and 18 age-matched normal girls participated in this study, all of the participants had undergone physical measurements, laboratory tests, imaging examination and ocular surface assessments.

Results

The Objective Scatter Index (OSI) in the ICPP group was significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.031), girls with ICPP showed slightly lower MNITBUT compared to the normal control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Bivariate analysis revealed a positive association between estradiol and OSI (r=0.383, P=0.021), Additionally, in the study population, both Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were negatively correlated with Mean noninvasive tear breakup time (MNITBUT) (r=-0.359, P=0.031)(r=-0.357, P=0.032).

Conclusion

In comparison with the normal control group, alterations in the OSI were observed in girls with ICPP. This alteration may be associated with an elevation in estrogen levels. Although there was a slight non-significant decrease in NITBUT in ICPP girls, the negative correlation between LH and FSH with MNITBUT suggests new perspective for further investigation.
Research on policy instruments for promoting green lifestyle in China—a multi-dimensional analysis based on current policy texts
Authors: Tian Huawen , Cui Yan , Dong Jian
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In the past decade, the construction of ecological civilization has been a major national strategy in China. Since 2020, the Chinese government has officially proposed the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. As one of the key issues, promoting a green lifestyle is the fundamental means of achieving ecological civilization construction. It is an inevitable path to achieve the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals. The current status of China’s efforts in this area is undoubtedly worth paying attention to. The purpose of this study is to analyze this issue.

Method: This study uses text analysis methods. From 92 policy documents issued by the Chinese government, we extracted effective text totaling 100,122 characters for analysis. Perform three-level coding on the above text, and analyze the policy tools of the Chinese government to promote green lifestyles from three dimensions: the categories of policy tools, the target groups targeted by policy tools, and the implementing entities of policy tools.

Conclusion: The study found that the current promotion of a green lifestyle in China primarily relies on information-based policy tools and market-based policy tools, with mandatory tools as a supplement. Information-based policy tools are mainly used for the public, while a combination of market-based policy tools, information-based policy tools, and mandatory policy tools is used for enterprises. Local governments’ attention to this issue is insufficient, manifested in the limited number of policy tools adopted, the single composition of these tools, and the lack of necessary constraints on enterprises.

Discussion: Overall, the current policy tool selection is reasonable, but there are also problems such as over-reliance on information-based policy tools, overly simplistic market-based policy tools, insufficient market-based policy tools for the public, and the underuse of voluntary policy tools.
Optimization design of highway route based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Jiankang
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In recent years, the total mileage and line density of China’s highways have increased year by year. It is estimated that by 2026, the total mileage of national highways will exceed 5.74 million kilometers. An efficient highway network is crucial for a country’s move towards traffic modernization, economic development, and improvement of people's livelihoods. The highway route is the basic structure of the highway network, determining whether the highway can maximize its economic and traffic effects. Therefore, research on highway route design holds significant engineering value. Highway planning is a complex issue involving a wide range of factors. Especially with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, it is necessary to consider natural problems in addition to technical and economic costs.

Methods: This paper first points out the important position of highway route research in highway rules, summarizes the research status at home and abroad, and lists conventional highway planning measures. It then discusses the optimization design based on vehicle running speed and driver comfort, and introduces related theories of deep learning and their applicability to multi-objective optimization problems. Finally, aiming at the problem of highway route planning influenced by many factors, a deep learning strategy based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted, and its multi-objective optimization model and optimization objective function are presented.

Results: The proposed deep learning strategy based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm is a new attempt to combine genetic algorithms with deep learning in highway route planning to solve its multi-objective comprehensive optimization problem. The results indicate that this strategy can determine the best route scheme by optimizing technology while satisfying external constraints, thereby achieving the optimal solution in terms of technology and economy, and improving the overall efficiency and sustainability of the highway.

Discussion: This study provides a reference for the application of deep learning and other nonlinear multi-objective optimization research, aiding the research on highway route optimization design. By combining multi-objective genetic algorithms with deep learning, it effectively solves various multi-objective nonlinear problems, providing new methods and tools for highway route planning.
Genomic insights into adaptation and inbreeding among Sub-Saharan African cattle from pastoral and agropastoral systems
Authors: Akinsola Oludayo M. , Musa Abdulraheem A. , Muansangi Lal , Singh Sanchit P. , Mukherjee Sabyasachi , Mukherjee Anupama
Published: July 2024

Background

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cattle are crucial for socioeconomic stability yet face numerous environmental stressors such as diseases, parasites, and extreme heat within pastoral and agropastoral systems. Despite their significance, gaps remain in understanding how genetic diversity and inbreeding influence traits essential for disease resistance and environmental adaptability. This study examines the genomic adaptations that enable SSA cattle to thrive under these conditions and assesses the impact of inbreeding on such adaptive traits.

Methods

We analyzed genomic data from 113 cattle across four breeds—Kuri, N’dama, Zebu-Fulani, and Zebu-Bororo—employing Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) and Integrated Haplotype Score (iHS) analyses to identify historical and recent genetic selections. Strict quality controls using PLINK software ensured accurate genomic pattern identification related to adaptation and inbreeding.

Results

ROH analysis revealed islands with genes such as RSAD2, CMPK2, and NOTCH1, which are involved in immune response and cellular stress management, highlighting regions of historical selection that have likely provided adaptive advantages in overcoming environmental and pathogenic stresses. In contrast, iHS analysis identified genes under recent selection like HIPK1, involved in stress response regulation, and EPHA5, which plays a crucial role in neural development and synaptic functions, potentially equipping these breeds with novel adaptations to ongoing and emergent environmental challenges.

Conclusion

This research confirms that selective pressures inherent in pastoral and agropastoral systems profoundly influence the genetic structure of SSA cattle. By delineating the genetic bases of key adaptive traits, our study offers crucial insights for targeted breeding programs to enhance cattle resilience and productivity. These findings provide a valuable framework for future genetic improvements and conservation strategies, crucial for sustainable livestock management and economic stability in SSA.
Polyphenols targeting multiple molecular targets and pathways for the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Du Yanyuan , Cui Bingnan
Published: July 2024

Vitiligo, a pigmentary autoimmune disorder, is marked by the selective loss of melanocytes in the skin, leading to the appearance of depigmented patches. The principal pathological mechanism is the melanocyte destruction mediated by CD8+ T cells, modulated by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Vitiligo affects both physical health and psychological well-being, diminishing the quality of life. Polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds with diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, have demonstrated efficacy in managing various dermatological conditions through multiple pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of vitiligo and the therapeutic potential of natural polyphenolic compounds. We examine the roles of various polyphenols in vitiligo management through antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, melanogenesis promotion, and apoptosis reduction. The review underscores the need for further investigation into the precise molecular mechanisms of these compounds in vitiligo treatment and the exploration of their combination with current therapies to augment therapeutic outcomes.