bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Connexin Hemichannels to the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Wang Shuaiwei , Sun Yafang , Bai Yu , Zhou Nannan , Chen Na , Miller Edmund J. , Zhang Yijie , Li Wei
Published: November 2020

Connexin (Cx) family members form hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs). Biological functions of Cx HCs have not been adequately characterized due to the inability to selectively target HCs or GJs. Recently, we developed a 6-mer peptide mimetic (P5) of the first extracellular loop of Cx43 and showed that it can block the permeability of HCs but not GJs formed by Cx43. In this study, we further characterized the HC blocking property of P5 and investigated the role of Cx HCs in acute lung injury (ALI). We found that P5 administration decreased HC permeability, in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, HepG2 cells, and even Cx43-deficient astrocytes, which express different sets of Cxs, suggesting that P5 is a broad spectrum Cx HC blocker. In addition, P5 reduced HC permeability of alveolar cells in vivo. Moreover, P5 decreased endotoxin-induced release, by vascular endothelial cells in vitro, of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a critical mediator of acute lung injury (ALI), and reduced HMGB1 accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice subjected to intratracheal endotoxin instillation. Furthermore, P5 administration resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of ALT, AST, and LDH in the BALF, the accumulation of leukocytes in alveoli, and the mortality rate of mice subjected to ALI. Wright-Giemsa staining showed that P5 caused similar reductions of both neutrophils and monocytes in BALF of ALI mice. Together, these results suggest that Cx HCs mediate HMGB1 release, augment leukocyte recruitment, and contribute to ALI pathology.
A New Approach for Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Ship Collision with Riverside Bridges
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Shuoyu , Luo Wenwen , Wang Liping , Geng Bo , Zheng Zhenxing
Published: November 2020

The configuration of riverside bridges, such as the spatial distribution, wading status, and ship accessibility of piers, is generally different from river‐crossing bridges. Thus, the ship collision risk of riverside bridges cannot be assessed using conventional assessment methods applicable to river‐crossing bridges. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to develop a new probabilistic method for assessing the risk of ship collision with riverside bridges. First, a fully probabilistic framework for assessing the ship‐bridge collision risk is presented. Second, a new probabilistic hazard analysis model of ship collision with riverside bridges is proposed, based on a combined study of riverside bridge characterization and an improved yaw ship collision model. A simplified empirical model for evaluating ship‐bridge collision force is then adopted, and the probabilistic distribution of the collision force is obtained based on Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, finite element simulation is conducted to estimate the collapse probability of piers. Finally, the method developed is applied to the probabilistic assessment of ship collision risk with riverside bridges located at Shabin Road, Chongqing, China. The results show that the risk of ship‐bridge collision at Shabin Road is low to moderate. The example demonstrated indicates that the methodology introduced in this paper is capable of assessing the ship‐bridge collision risk in a concise and rapid way.
Nonlinear Creep Model of Deep Gangue Backfilling Material and Time-Dependent Characteristics of Roof Deformation in Backfilling Mining
Authors: Huang Peng , Zhang Jixiong , Zhang Qi , Damascene Ntigurirwa Jean , Guo Yuming
Published: November 2020

With the gradual increase in mining depth of coal resource exploitation, deep backfilling mining has effectively solved the impact of strong deep mine pressure and strong mining disturbances. However, after deep backfilling mining, the backfilling material is subjected to high stress for a long time, and its viscoelasticity has a significant impact on the roof control effect. This paper uses a large-scale bulk confinement test device to analyze the viscoelastic properties of gangue, establishes a high-precision fractional viscoelastic creep model, and identifies the gangue parameters. The established fractional viscoelastic model was used as the foundation model of the beam, and the roof model based on the fractional viscoelastic foundation was solved. The top deformation characteristics of elastic foundation and fractional foundation were compared and analyzed, and the time effect, viscoelastic effect, and order effect of the fractional order viscoelastic foundation beam were discussed. The results show that the viscosity of gangue increased under the action of deep high stress. As time increased, the roof deformation also increased. In order to more effectively control the long-term deformation of the roof, the viscosity coefficient of the backfilling material should be greater than 20 MPa. This research provides relevant guidance for the requirements of backfilling materials for deep backfilling mining and the prediction of long-term dynamic deformation of the roof in underground excavations.
Analysis and Simulation of the Early Warning Model for Human Resource Management Risk Based on the BP Neural Network
Authors: Yan Xue , Deng Xiangwu , Sun Shouheng
Published: November 2020

Human resource management risks are due to the failure of employer organization to use relevant human resources reasonably and can result in tangible or intangible waste of human resources and even risks; therefore, constructing a practical early warning model of human resource management risk is extremely important for early risk prediction. The back propagation (BP) neural network is an information analysis and processing system formed by using the error back propagation algorithm to simulate the neural function and structure of the human brain, which can handle complex and changeable things that do not have an obvious linear relationship between output results and input factors, so as to find the objective connection between the two. Based on the summary and analysis of previous research works, this article expounded the research status and significance of early warning for human resource management risks, elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of the BP neural network, introduced the method and principle of the BP neural network’s connection weight calculation and learning training, performed the risk inducement analysis, index system establishment, and network node selection of human resource management, constructed an early warning model of human resource management risk based on the BP neural network, conducted the risk warning model training and detection based on the BP neural network, and finally carried out a simulation and its result analysis. The study results show that the early warning model of human resource management risk based on the BP network is effective, and this trained and tested BP network risk warning model can be used to conduct early warning empirical research on human resource risks to prevent human resource risks, ensure enterprise’s benign operation, and at the same time play a role in supervision and promotion of market order rectification.
Systematic Identification of Key Functional Modules and Genes in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wu Rui , Sun Jin-Yu , Zhao Li-Li , Fan Zhi-Ning , Yang Cheng
Published: November 2020

Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) are important bioinformatic methods for screening core genes. In our study, DEG analysis and WGCNA were combined to screen the hub genes, and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. SBNO2 was identified as the hub gene based on the intersection between the DEGs and the purple module in WGCNA. The expression and prognostic value of SBNO2 were verified in UALCAN, GEPIA2, Human Cancer Metastasis Database, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and TIMER. We identified 1974 DEGs, and 28 modules were uncovered via WGCNA. The purple module was identified as the hub module in WGCNA. SBNO2 was identified as the hub gene, which was upregulated in tumour tissues. Moreover, patients with GC and higher SBNO2 expression had worse prognoses. In addition, SBNO2 was suggested to play an important role in immune cell infiltration. In summary, based on DEGs and key modules related to GC, we identified SBNO2 as a hub gene, thereby offering novel insights into the development and treatment of GC.
Efficacy for the Annual Relapse Rate after the Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients Associated with Anti-AQP4 or Anti-MOG Antibody-Positive Optic Neuritis
Authors: Mori Sotaro , Kurimoto Takuji , Murai Yusuke , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Chihara Norio , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto
Published: November 2020

Purpose. Although oral prednisolone is the first-line treatment for preventing recurrent optic neuritis (ON) after the completion of acute-phase treatment, especially anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody-positive ON, and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive ON, some patients experience relapses. Immunosuppressants could be effective in reducing the recurrence rate for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MOG antibody-related diseases, but there have been few studies addressing this issue focusing on the changes in ophthalmic parameters. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of off-label uses of immunosuppressants to reduce recurrent ON. Design. Retrospective observational study, clinical case series. Methods. We reviewed the medical charts of 11 cases (22 eyes) who underwent immunosuppressive therapy in Kobe University Hospital and compared the annualized relapse rate (ARR) before and after immunosuppressive therapy. We also evaluated the dosage of prednisolone, complications of immunosuppressants, and other visual functional ophthalmologic parameters. Results. Eleven cases in total had AQP4 antibody (9 cases) and/or MOG antibody (3 cases). One case was double positive for these antibodies. Nine patients received azathioprine and two received mycophenolate mofetil as an initial immunosuppressive therapy. The median duration of immunosuppressant treatment was 2.8 years. The median ON ARR before immunosuppressive therapy was 0.33, and this decreased significantly to 0 after the therapy (

p
=
0.02

). The dose of prednisolone was reduced from 17.8 ± 7.1 mg/day before to 5.8 ± 2.2 mg/day after immunosuppressive therapy (

p
<
0.01

). Although two patients presented with mild elevation of liver enzymes and nausea, all patients were able to continue taking the immunosuppressants. Conclusions. Immunosuppressants can potentially decrease relapses and steroid dosage in patients with anti-AQP4 or MOG antibody-positive ON without severe adverse events and the exacerbation of visual acuities.
Cryotherapy in Semirigid Thoracoscopy for Debridement of Multiloculated Empyema
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Xi , Hu Yan , Guo Fang-Fang , Yu Kun-Yao , Wang Guang-Fa
Published: November 2020

Surgical intervention is occasionally required for the treatment of pleural empyema. Semirigid thoracoscopy is a safe and successful surgical approach utilized by interventional pulmonologists, conventionally utilizing flexible forceps and suction as the main tools, but they can sometimes be inefficient for more complicated cases. In debriding a case of multiloculated empyema with semirigid thoracoscopy, we report the novel use of cryotherapy in clearing adhesions from the pleural cavity. We found using the cryoprobe to be more efficient than using forceps and suggest further investigation into its use in medical thoracoscopy.
Sustained Relief after Pallidal Stimulation Interruption in Tourette’s Syndrome Treated with Simultaneous Capsulotomy
Authors: Xu Wenying , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Yuhan , Gong Hengfen , Wu Yiwen , Sun Bomin , Zhang ChenCheng , Li Dianyou
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) combined with anterior capsulotomy offers a promising treatment option for severe medication-refractory cases of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) with psychiatric comorbidities. Several patients treated with this combined surgery experienced sustained relief after discontinuation of stimulation over the course of treatment. Methods: Retrospectively, the medical records and clinical outcomes were reviewed of 8 patients (6 men; 2 women with mean age of 20.3 years) who had undergone bilateral GPi-DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy for medically intractable TS and psychiatric comorbidities. All patients had experienced an accidental interruption or intentional withdrawal of pallidal stimulation during treatment. Results: The widespread clinical benefits achieved during the combined treatment were fully maintained after intentional or accidental DBS discontinuation. The improvement in overall tic symptoms achieved was on average 78% at the follow-up or close to the DBS discontinuation, while it was 83% at last follow-up (LFU). At LFU, most patients had functionally recovered; exhibited only mild tics; displayed minor or no obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, anxiety, or depression; and experienced a much better quality of life. Conclusion: Bilateral GPi-DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy appears to result in marked and sustained improvements in TS symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities, which are fully maintained over time, even without pallidal stimulation.
MicroRNA Profile of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Santamaria-Martos Fernando , Benítez Iván , Pinilla Lucía , Ortega Francisco , Zapater Andrea , Girón Cristina , Mínguez Olga , Gómez Silvia , Vaca Rafaela , Fernandez-Real Jose-Manuel , Barbé Ferran , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel
Published: November 2020

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease caused by repeated episodes of collapse of the upper airway during sleep and is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is high heterogeneity in the impact of OSA on patients. Until now, the profile of OSA patients at risk of developing CVD has not been defined, including the measurable variables that could be used to predict the CVD risk of a patient with OSA. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the microRNA (mi­RNA) profile associated with CVD in patients with OSA. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional study that included 132 male patients. Three groups were defined as OSA patients, OSA patients with hypertension, and OSA patients who developed a major cardiovascular event. Polysomnography and ambulatory blood pressure measurements were performed. The expression profiling of 188 miRNAs in plasma was performed in 21 subjects (matched by BMI and age) by the TaqMan low density array (TLDA). miRNAs differentially expressed in the different subgroups of patients and miRNAs that correlated with the cardiovascular risk SCORE were selected for validation by RT-qPCR in the 111 remaining patients. Results: From the TLDA analysis, 7 miRNAs were selected for validation. Differential expression was not confirmed in any of the miRNAs. miR-143 was associated with nocturnal systolic blood pressure. miR-107 correlated with 24-h blood pressure parameters and with nocturnal hypertension. miR-486 was associated with the cardiovascular risk SCORE. Conclusions: The circulating profile of miRNAs does not seem to be different in any of the subgroups of patients with OSA and different cardiovascular risk factors. Nevertheless, miR-107 and miR-143 are associated with specific blood pressure parameters in patients with OSA and miR-486 is associated with the cardiovascular risk SCORE.
Pediatric Orbital Roof Intradiploic Meningioma Operated by Eyebrow Incision
Authors: Aydin Ozturk Pinar , Yilmaz Tevfik , Ozturk Unal , Aydin Kamuran
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Primary intradiploic meningiomas account for <1% of all osseous calvarial lesions and are categorized as bone tumors. They are frequently observed in the frontotemporal region of the calvarium, anterior cranial fossa, and orbit. We present a case of intradiploic meningioma of the orbital roof, which is rarely observed in the pediatric age-group; it was surgically treated with a unique minimally invasive approach. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old male with chief complaints of headache on the right side for approximately 1 year was presented to our clinic. Cranial MRI revealed an intradiploic mass with homogeneous, hypointense contrast patterns on the T1W and T2W images of the right orbital roof. A skin incision was made through the right eyebrow, and the frontal sinus anterior wall was opened by craniotomy. Gross total resection was achieved by reaching the tumor present in the orbital roof. The mass was characterized as psammomatous meningioma by a pathological examination. Discussion/Conclusion: In cranial oncologic surgery, lesion localization and possible pathological diagnosis are essential for the determination of the correct surgical technique. In particular, in pediatric cases, selecting a method that will reduce the need for transfusion, shorten the surgical time, minimize the chances of facial deformity, and facilitate postoperative care will ensure compliance with the correct and appropriate treatment process.
The Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid to Assist Gross Total Resection of Paediatric Posterior Fossa Tumours
Authors: Labuschagne Jason John
Published: November 2020

Background: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) use is well established in the resection of adult high-grade gliomas. There is growing interest in its usefulness in the paediatric population. The potential benefit of 5-ALA-guided resection motivated our unit to offer the established adult protocol as off-label use. Objective: to determine if 5-ALA guided resection was routinely useful and offered increased gross total resection (GTR) results. Methods: Nineteen patients harbouring a posterior fossa tumour suggestive of either an ependymoma or medulloblastoma (MB) underwent surgery between January 2018 and October 2019. The mean age was 5 years (range 2–12 years). A dose of 20 mg/kg of 5-ALA (Gliolan®) was given 4 h preoperatively. Intraoperatively, the tumours were viewed under violet-blue light and the presence of fluorescence was recorded. Fluorescence status was compared with histopathological classification and grade, Ki-67 index, GTR rate, and a subjective determination of “usefulness” was determined. Results: The case series included ependymoma grade II (n = 6), ependymoma grade III (n = 4), and MB grade IV (n = 9). For the combined cohort, the strong fluorescence rate was 68% (n = 13), the heterogenous fluorescence rate was 26% (n = 5), and the completely negative fluorescence rate was 5% (n = 1). The strong fluorescence rate of 90% found in the combined ependymoma group compared to the 45% strong fluorescence rate in the MB group was statistically significant (p = 0.05). Within the MB group the Ki-67 index was found to be significantly higher in the strongly fluorescent group as opposed to the patchy or non-fluorescent group (77.5 vs. 40%, p = 0.016). Fluorescence was determined to be useful in 63% of all cases. There was no significant relationship between fluorescence and GTR. The relationship between perceived usefulness and resection was not statistically significant. No adverse drug reactions were recorded. Conclusion: This case series adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the safety of 5-ALA in the paediatric population. 5-ALA guided resection was found to be useful in the majority of cases but this did not correlate with GTR status. Ependymomas reliably fluoresce in 90% of cases, and 5-ALA-guided resection should be considered when a preoperative diagnosis of ependymoma is suspected.
Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: Experience of High-Volume Center with 2,477 Cases
Authors: Ozturk Sefa Alperen , Yuksel Yucel , Erbis Halil , Aliosmanoglu Ibrahim , Sarier Mehmet , Yayar Ozlem , Yavuz Havva Asuman , Demirbas Alper
Published: November 2020

Objective: Donors’ health and safety are mandatory in the living-donor kidney transplantation procedure. Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) provides an increase in donor numbers with its benefits and becomes a standard of care. We aimed to explain the results, complication rates, tips, and tricks of the largest number of LLDN case series ever performed in the literature. Materials and Methods: Between August 2012 and December 2019, 2,477 live donor case files were analyzed retrospectively. Age, gender, hospitalization times, body mass index, warm ischemia times, operation times, numbers of arteries, side of the kidneys, and complications were noted. Results: 1,421 (57.4%) of 2,477 donors were female (p = 0.007). Operation times and warm ischemia times were found longer in right-sided LLDN and donors with multiple renal arteries (p = 0.046, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) did not affect warm ischemia times while prolonging the operation times (p = 0.013). Hospitalization times and numbers of complications were higher in obese donors. Conclusions: LLDN seems to be a reliable solution with fewer complications and higher satisfaction rates. We hope to illuminate the way with tips and trick points for beginner transplant surgeons based on the experience obtained from 2,477 LLDN cases.
Políticas de comunicação, práticas comunicacionais e ações de resistência: quando comunidade, cultura e identidade entram em cena
Authors: Sousa João Eudes Portela de
Published: November 2020

O estudo faz uma reflexão sobre as políticas de comunicação no Brasil, analisando como se estabeleceu esse cenário que tem se configurado em um jogo político e pouco democrático. O descompasso comunicacional tem interferido na produção, acesso e disseminação de mensagens que apresentem a pluralidade cultural brasileira. Observa-se uma ausência de investimentos, legislações e descaso público ao gerir estratégias que minimize lacunas das áreas de comunicação e mídia no Brasil. O cenário se caracteriza pela falta de espaços que promovam à diversidade cultural de sujeitos e sociedades, enquanto comunidades tentam amenizar essa realidade produzindo conteúdos em espaços virtuais minimizando essa falta de representatividade com o intuito de (re)construir uma sociedade culturalmente mais plural e democrática.
O Ethos jornalístico nas crônicas de guerra de Rubem Braga
Authors: Silva Marcos Paulo da , Paula Caio Mateus Teruel de
Published: November 2020

O artigo constitui uma análise da representação de um ethos jornalístico nas crônicas de guerra do escritor brasileiro Rubem Braga. O recorte empírico remete a quatro textos originalmente publicados no jornal Diário Carioca enquanto o cronista atuava como correspondente junto ao exército brasileiro na Itália durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A partir da análise das crônicas, verifica-se a complexidade por trás do ethos efetivo denotado por Rubem Braga como amálgama de um “ethos pré-discursivo”, de um “ethos dito” e de um “ethos mostrado” típicos das contradições e das precariedades do contexto em que os textos se inserem.
Valdir Baptista: o cavalheiro do impossível
Authors: Maluly Luciano Victor Barros
Published: November 2020

Homenagem ao cineasta, jornalista, professor e pesquisador Valdir Baptista (1962-2020).
Laboratório de ideias: estudo comparativo de propostas de requalificação urbana para as zonas portuárias do Rio de Janeiro/RJ e de Vitória/ES
Authors: Aguiar Marlise Sanchotene de
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo visa discutir o processo de retomada de zonas portuárias das cidades contemporâneas brasileiras através dos mais recentes projetos de requalificação urbana e identificar razões pelas quais esses projetos são implementados ou engavetados. Desenvolveu-se estudos das propostas para as zonas portuárias do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Porto Maravilha, e de Vitória (ES), Portal Sul, visando analisar as atuais perspectivas e os panoramas de implementação de intervenções urbanas. O critério de análise trata-se da comparação e identificação de pontos em comum e divergentes e a metodologia consiste no estudo de casos referência elegendo exemplares reais para se constituir em referências na construção concreta do objeto de conhecimento. O método comparativo permite estabelecer e testar a comunicação entre os interlocutores e, para tanto, foram considerados além do contexto urbano e propositivo, as estruturas administrativas, os atores envolvidos e os marcos normativos. A investigação justifica-se não somente pela originalidade do diálogo estabelecido entre os casos, mas também pela importância de discutir o lastro sobre o qual são ou não são empreendidos os projetos urbanos de grande porte no centro das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras.
Abstract 12810: Cardiac Injury and Outcomes of Patients With Covid-19 in New York City
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Maeda Tetsuro , Obata Reiichiro , Rizk Dahlia
Published: November 2020

Background:
Prior studies demonstrated COVID-19 patients with elevated troponin were associated with increased in-hospital mortality, however only 27% of patients with cardiac injury were assessed with an electrocardiogram (ECG). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cardiac injury and ECG abnormality, as well as in-hospital mortality.

Methods:
We conducted aretrospective cohort study of 224 consecutively admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 who needed hospitalization between March 13 and March 31, 2020. Those patients with troponin I measurement (N=181) were divided into patients who had elevated troponin I (cardiac injury group), and those who did not (no cardiac injury group).

Results:
The mean age was 64.0±16.6 and 55.8% were male. The cardiac injury group was more likely to be older, have coronary artery disease, prior atrial fibrillation, as well as congestive heart failure compared to the no cardiac injury group (all P<0.05). Notably, both groups had non-significantly different, relatively low rates of chest pain (cardiac injury group versus no cardiac injury group: 17.0% versus 22.5%, P=0.92). The cardiac injury group had a significantly higher value of brain natriuretic peptide, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and d-dimer (all P<0.05). Moreover, the cardiac injury group had a relatively low proportion of ECG abnormalities such as T wave inversion (13.2%) and ST depression (1.9%). Cardiac injury group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than no cardiac injury group (42.3% versus 12.6%, P<0.001). With a multivariate logistic regression model, age (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidential interval (CI)]: 1.033 [1.002-1.065], P=0.034), cardiac injury (3.25 [1.40-7.54], P=0.006), were significant predictors to estimate in-hospital death.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 patients with elevated troponin had relatively low proportion of chest pain and ECG abnormality. Cardiac injury was associated as an independent predictor to estimate in-hospital death.
Abstract 12811: Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Impact of Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy Among Hemodialysis Patients Suspected of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Onishi Tomohiro , Nakano Yusuke , Hirano Ken-ichi , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Tajima Atomu , Ishii Hideki , Takahashi Hiroshi , Ando Hirohiko , Sakurai Shinichiro , Takashima Hiroaki , Amano Tetsuya
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Hemodialysis (HD) has been reported as a strong prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular disease. It is unknown how much triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV), a novel identified rare cardiovascular disorder, is associated with cardiovascular mortality among HD patients.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that comorbidity of TGCV in HD patients who suspected of CAD plays a critical role for cardiovascular outcomes in this population.

Methods:
We examined the data obtained from 83 consecutive HD patients suspected of coronary artery disease who underwent both [123I]-β-methyl-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) scintigraphy and subsequent coronary angiography (CAG). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke up to 5 years of follow-up. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, target vessel revascularization, or any hospitalization for heart failure.

Results:
A total of 83 HD patients were grouped into either the definite TGCV (17 patients), the probable TGCV (22 patients), or the non-TGCV control group (44 patients). At the end of the follow-up period for a median of 4.7 years, a primary endpoint event occurred in 58.8% of the definite TGCV patients (hazard ratio, 8.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-25.8, Log-rank p<0.001) and 27.3% of the probable TGCV patients, as compared to 9.1% of the non-TGCV control patients; the corresponding rates of the key secondary endpoint were 88.2% for the definite TGCV patients (hazard ratio, 6.36; 95% CI, 2.89-14.0, Log-rank p<0.001) and 59.1% for the probable TGCV patients. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses after adjustment for confounding factors, various variables related to mortality on HD patients, or variables known as a classical cardiovascular risk, the definite TGCV was significantly and independently associated with cardiovascular mortality and outcomes in any of the three models.

Conclusions:
Comorbidity of TGCV in patients on HD was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events including cardiovascular death, which might highlight the potential therapeutic target.
Abstract 12812: The Use of Hemodynamics Does Not Aide in Correctly Identifying the Etiology of Cardiomyopathy in Patients Receiving Advanced Therapy
Authors: Aiad Norman , Narula Navneet , Gidea Claudia G , Katz Stuart D , Rao Shaline , Reyentovich Alex , Saraon Tajinderpal S , Smith Deane , Moazami Nader , Pan Stephen
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
There is limited evidence demonstrating the benefit of hemodynamics in diagnosing the etiology of cardiomyopathy in patients referred for advanced therapies such as left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or orthotropic heart transplantation (OHT).

Hypothesis:
In patients with end stage heart failure, invasive hemodynamic measures differ between patients with different etiologies of cardiomyopathy.

Methods:
Hemodynamic and echocardiography data from 119 patients undergoing LVAD (n=85, Male 76%, Age 63 ± 12 years) or OHT (n=34, Male 70%, Age 60 ± 11 years) at a single center was reviewed. The follow invasive hemodynamic measurements were recorded and compared (central venous pressure (CVP), Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index (PAPI), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), transpulmonary gradient, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and pulmonary diastolic pressure decoupling) were compared between groups.

Results:
Between patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and those with missed diagnosis, there were no significant differences between CVP, PAPI, PVR, transpulmonary gradient, mean PA pressure, cardiac index, or decoupling (Table 1). Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) on echocardiography was significantly larger in patients with DCM when compared to those with ischemic cardiomyopathy as well as infiltrative cardiomyopathies (6.65±1.04mm, 6.24±0.77mm, and 5.14±1.25mm, respectively p<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Hemodynamic measures in patients with stage D cardiomyopathy did not differ according to the etiology of the underlying cardiomyopathy. . The similarity in hemodynamic profiles amongst different cardiomyopathy subtypes likely reflects end stage disease. LVEDD performed better than hemodynamics to help differentiate cardiomyopathy etiologies, and in addition were helpful in identifying cases where the diagnosis was incorrect.
Abstract 13670: Single versus Serial Measurements of Cardiac Troponin in the Evaluation of Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wassie Maereg A , Lee Mingsum , Sun Benjamin C , Wu Yi-Lin , Baeker Aileen S , Redberg Rita F , Ferencik Maros , Shen Ernest , Musigdilok Visanee , Sharp Adam
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Chest pain is among the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) presentations. However, most patients are low risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with low cardiac adverse outcomes. Biomarker testing with troponins is the mainstay of initial assessment for ACS. Although serial troponin testing can improve diagnosis of ACS, in clinical practice, some patients deemed to be low risk are discharged after a single negative troponin measurement. Our study evaluated the safety of single-troponin rule-out strategy using a conventional troponin assay.

Hypothesis:
We assessed the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the clinical outcomes of patients deemed low-risk and discharged after a single negative troponin compared to patients discharged after serial troponin measurements.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of ED encounters from January 2015 to December 2017 across 13 community emergency departments within an integrated healthcare system in Southern California. The study cohort includes adult ED encounters evaluated for suspected ACS with a HEART score and an initial conventional troponin-I below the level of detection (<0.02). Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association between testing strategies and clinical outcomes.

Results:
Among 27,918 patients with an initial troponin measurement below the level of detection, 14,459 (51.8%) were discharged after a single measurement, and 13,459 patients (48.2%) had serial troponin orders. After adjusting for cardiac risk factors and comorbidities, there was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome of AMI or cardiac mortality within 30 days between the two groups (single troponin 0.4% vs. serial troponin 0.4%, OR 1.41, 95% CI (0.96-2.07)). Single troponin was associated with a lower rate of CABG (OR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11-0.48) and invasive coronary angiogram (OR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.38-0.56).

Conclusions:
When compared to serial troponin testing, discharge after a single negative troponin is routinely done among ED patients, and appears safe based on current physician decision making with no difference in rates of 30-day cardiac mortality and AMI.
Durable Polymer Versus Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stents After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kim Hyo-Soo , Kang Jeehoon , Hwang Doyeon , Han Jung-Kyu , Yang Han-Mo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Seok Yeon , Park Keun-Ho , Rha Seung-Woon , Shin Won-Yong , Lim Hong-Seok , Park Kyungil , Park Kyung Woo ,   On behalf of the HOST-REDUCE-POLYTECH-ACS Trial Investigators
Published: November 2020

Background:

Large-scale randomized comparison of drug-eluting stents (DES) based on durable polymer versus biodegradable polymer technology is currently insufficient in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aimed to prove the noninferiority of the durable polymer DES (DP-DES) compared with the biodegradable polymer DES (BP-DES) in such patients.

Methods:

The HOST-REDUCE-POLYTECH-ACS (Harmonizing Optimal Strategy for Treatment of Coronary Artery Diseases—Comparison of Reduction of Prasugrel Dose or Polymer Technology in ACS Patients) trial is an investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, adjudicator-blinded, multicenter, noninferiority trial comparing the efficacy and safety of DP-DES and BP-DES in patients with ACS. The primary end point was a patient-oriented composite outcome (a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and any repeat revascularization) at 12 months. The key secondary end point was device-oriented composite outcome (a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) at 12 months.

Results:

A total of 3413 patients were randomized to receive the DP-DES (1713 patients) and BP-DES (1700 patients). At 12 months, patient-oriented composite outcome occurred in 5.2% in the DP-DES group and 6.4% in the BP-DES group (absolute risk difference, –1.2%;
P
non
inferiority
<0.001). The key secondary end point, device-oriented composite outcome, occurred less frequently in the DP-DES group (DP-DES vs BP-DES, 2.6% vs 3.9%; hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46–0.98];
P
=0.038), mostly because of a reduction in target lesion revascularization. The rate of spontaneous nonfatal myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis were extremely low, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (0.6% versus 0.8%;
P
=0.513 and 0.1% versus 0.4%;
P
=0.174, respectively).

Conclusions:

In ACS patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention, DP-DES was noninferior to BP-DES with regard to patient-oriented composite outcomes at 12 months after index percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://wwwclinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02193971.
Nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts and chitosan against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae
Authors: Nguyen Dang-Minh-Chanh , Luong Thi-Hoan , Nguyen Trong-Khanh , Jung Woo-Jin
Published: November 2020

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of cinnamon bark extracts (CE) and chitosan (Cs) against Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus coffeae under pot and field conditions. In the pot experiments, CE mixed with Cs effectively inhibited M. incognita and P. coffeae infection on robusta coffee plants. The formulations applied, CE:Cs = 8 mg:30 mg, CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg and CE:Cs = 16 mg:60 mg per pot, significantly reduced the gall index and nematode number in 5 g of root and 100 g of soil. In addition, the application of CE:Cs = 48 mg:180 mg CE:Cs = 80 mg:300 mg and CE:Cs = 112 mg:420 mg plant−1 effectively reduced root gall formation and nematode density in roots and soil compared with the non-treated control under field conditions. Nematode density in the roots was positively correlated with the rate of yellow leaf disease. These results suggest that cinnamon mixed with chitosan may be used as an effective eco-friendly pesticide against plant-parasitic nematodes.
Traditions of American ‘Democracy’
Authors: Kapelusz Fedor
Published: November 2020

This is a translation of an article which appeared in 1928 in the journal Red Virgin Soil (Krasnaya nov) founded by Aleksandr Voronsky. Its author, the Russian Marxist Fedor Kapelusz, makes use of the now largely-ignored book of Algie Simons, Social Forces in American History (1911). In comparing America’s past to its present, Kapelusz offers a sharp political assessment and at the same time a contribution to the materialist conception of American history.
Debatable Issues on Land Rights Protection of Indigenous Small-numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation
Authors: Averyanova Natalia Nikolaevna , Anisimov Aleksey Pavlovich , Komkova Galina Nikolaevna
Published: November 2020

The article presents the authors’ ideas concerning the legal nature of land rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples in Russia. It should be noted that land rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples are part of their special constitutional legal personality, an essential element of their legal status. On the basis of international acts on the rights of indigenous peoples, the opportunity to give indigenous small-numbered peoples of Russia their traditional land to use on the grounds of ownership is assessed as non-promising. The article scrutinises the system of land rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples that is established in Russia. The authors point to the imperfection of the legislation in this area, which may lead to violation of the rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples. It should be noted that one of the most important state guarantees is the right of indigenous small-numbered peoples to free and indefinite use of lands.
The Existing Cause of Biafra and its Right to Self-determination
Authors: Olomojobi Yinka
Published: November 2020

There has been recent agitation for self-determination in the south-east of Nigeria for the state known as Biafra (a pro-secessionist group). The principle of self-determination is a well-debated discourse since it connects with the right to secede and create a sovereign state. Like a marriage at gunpoint, a reluctant partner will always want a way out of the marriage, and will take a hike at the first opportunity. Given this political inheritance, Nigeria has fallen prey to several attempts to undermine state sovereignty originating in ethnic and regional differences. The controversy has concerned both the principle’s status in international law and its charter. This principle has played a prominent part in the emergence of former colonies as independent states. The aim of this article is to explore the ongoing agitation for a Biafran Republic and to assess whether it is in conformity with the right to self-determination.
The Legal Framework for Protection of United Nations Humanitarian Premises during Armed Conflict
Authors: Bartholomeusz Lance
Published: November 2020

The United Nations, its premises and personnel are increasingly present in the theatre of armed conflict across the globe. During armed conflict, un humanitarian agencies are now more likely to stay or arrive and deliver than to evacuate.1 Parties to an armed conflict may fight in close proximity to un premises. Today, from the Gaza Strip to South Sudan to Syria, during armed conflict thousands of displaced civilians seek shelter in un premises and the protection of the blue un flag, which is perceived to give better protection than fundamental principles of international humanitarian law (ihl).2

What is the legal framework for protection offered by the un flag to un humanitarian premises, including to displaced civilians they may shelter during armed conflict? To use the language of State responsibility, this paper considers the relevant primary obligations of ihl and un law, how a possible conflict between those primary obligations is resolved, and then considers the legal consequences of a breach of the relevant primary obligation in accordance with the secondary rules of the law of State responsibility. Thus, the paper addresses four questions:

(1)

What protection does international humanitarian law and international criminal law provide to un humanitarian operations, in particular un premises?

(2)

What protection does United Nations law provide to un humanitarian operations, in particular un premises?

(3)

What if there is a conflict between United Nations law and ihl?

(4)

In case of a violation of United Nations law protecting un premises, could there be circumstances precluding wrongfulness under the law of State responsibility?
The unga Resolutions on the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels, 2006–Post 2015
Authors: Janse Ronald
Published: November 2020

For almost a decade, the un General Assembly (unga) has adopted annual resolutions on ‘the rule of law at the national and international levels.’ Moreover, the unga has held a High-level Meeting in September 2012 where Heads of State and Government discussed the topic for the first time ever and issued a declaration. This paper assesses the results. Its core question is whether unga commitment to rule of law at the national level is merely a vague aspiration or whether it has concrete normative content. The main conclusions are that: (a) the 9 annual resolutions have so far articulated neither a clear concept of rule of law nor a set of requirements or a minimum standard which States should respect in their legal systems; (b) the 2012 High-level Declaration articulates a thin conception of rule of law, i.e., stresses formal legality; (c) that the Declaration largely confirms Aust and Nolte’s analysis of lex lata with respect to the rule of law at the national level, but that it also departs from it somewhat; (d) that the unga’s commitment to rule of law is compatible with different political systems and normative outlooks. In 2015, the unga will again discuss rule of law in the context of renewal of the Millennium Development Goals (mdgs), and it seems likely after the Secretary General’s Road to Dignity by 2030 that rule of law is an important aspect of the new Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs). The analysis in this paper enables observers to assess whether the unga takes its commitment to the rule of law to a new level.
Catalonia and the Right to Self-Determination from the Perspective of International Law
Authors: Blanke Hermann-Josef , Abdelrehim Yasser
Published: November 2020

In opposition to the process of integration at the European level, there is an increasing desire for independence within a number of European States such as in Catalonia’s case. Catalans invoke the right to self-determination and argue that they have a right to secession according to international law and that the Spanish Constitution of 1978 does not contradict this right. This essay analyzes the conflict between the principles of territorial integrity and self-determination in international law and explores the challenge which the secessionist movements pose for the European Union.
Does a Science-Oriented Worldview Entail Unbelief?
Authors: Haimila Roosa
Published: November 2020

Endorsement of science is often associated with non-religiosity and lack of supernatural belief. However, the relevance of science for worldviews might also relate to the cultural context and/or personal investment in science. This study investigates the following question: Is endorsement of worldview components of science associated with unbelief among science-oriented respondents? Here, worldview components refer to science providing 1) a sense of meaning, 2) moral standards, and 3) literal or symbolic continuity after death. 387 Finnish adults recruited via pro-research organizations were included in the analysis. The results suggest that self-reported worldview functions of science are associated with unbelief also among science-oriented individuals. These findings lend support to the belief replacement hypothesis, which suggests that secular worldviews such as belief in science are of particular importance for unbelievers. However, the effect sizes are small and also other God belief groups endorse the significance of science for e.g., meaning in life.
Between Islam and Islamophobia
Authors: Simmons Jonathan , Sandhu Ajay
Published: November 2020

We use data from qualitative interviews with forty atheist activists in two Canadian cities to analyze the politics of critiquing Islam in the contemporary political environment. We show that atheist activists struggle to navigate between their criticisms of Islam, their fears of being labeled “Islamophobic” (taken as a synonym for “racist” or “xenophobic”), and their concerns about contributing to anti-Muslim rhetoric. To manage this struggle, atheists rely on stigma management tactics that allow them to hold or express criticisms of Islam without earning racially charged stigmatizing labels. Using these stigma management techniques speaks to the precarious positions of many atheists today as they try to critique Islam without expressing or contributing to prejudicial views against Muslims. This article will interest scholars of religion and nonreligion, especially those interested in the perceived stigmas associated with atheism and stigma management among members of secular movement organizations.
Fargesia sapaensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Lao Cai, Vietnam

Authors: ZHANG YOU-YUAN , TONG YI-HUA , NI JING-BO , VU TIEN-CHINH , XIA NIAN-HE
Published: November 2020

Fargesia sapaensis N.H.Xia & Y.Y.Zhang, a new species from Lao Cai, Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to F. dracocephala T.P.Yi and F. fansipanensis T.Q.Nguyen, but differs from the former mainly in its mid-culm complement of 3–7 branches at each node, auricles of culm sheaths absent, 2‒6 florets per spikelet, 7‒10 mm long first glume and 2‒3 mm long lodicules, and from the latter by its culm sheaths shorter than culm internodes, 3–4 leaves per ultimate branch, and a mid-culm complement of 3–7 branches at each node.