bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Discussion Forums of a Programming MOOC
Authors: Babori Abdelghani
Published: August 2021

The work presented in this article focuses on the description of the learning process in the MOOC of algorithms and programming. It focuses more specifically on the study of the learning strategies adopted by students by examining discussion forums in a MOOC of algorithms and programming designed for undergraduate students. The results stated that students used two learning strategies to construct algorithmic content: cognitive strategies and social strategies. These results improve the didactic research on the MOOC by providing researchers with elements for the study of learning process in MOOCs.
TECHNOLOGICAL WAYS TO CREATE COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON HEAT-RESISTANT REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS (review)
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Shestakov A.V. , Karashaev M.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Dmitriev N.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the main technological approaches to obtain heat-resistant and heat-resistant materials based on compounds in the Ni–Al system in order to use them in promising products of aviation and rocket technology. It is shown that when receiving materials based on compounds in the Ni-Al system, a phase of eutectic origin is formed based on the Ni3Al compound, which reduces the technological plasticity of the alloys of this system. The use of powder metallurgy methods eliminates such phases in the structure of alloys obtained using granule metallurgy technology, as well as with the use of special methods of powder metallurgy. Technological approaches are presented to obtain similar materials using powder metallurgy methods combined with thermomechanical processing.
INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE OF POLYMERIC MATRIX ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY PRIMING COVERINGS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kuznetsova V.A. , Zheleznyak V.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Lonskii S.L. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kovrizhkina N.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Silaeva A.A. ,   Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: August 2021

Adhesion, physicomechanical properties, and also kinetics of water absorption of priming coatings on basis the E-41 epoxy resin modified by liquid Thiokol 1 and by Laproxide AF, and also their phase structure are investigated. As hardeners of primer compositions organic silicon ammine ASOT-2 and low-molecular polyamide PO-200 has been used. It is shown that use of the reactive modifier Laproxide AF and hardener ASOT-2 in the epoxy and thiokol film-formers allows to receive priming coating with uniform finely divided phase structure with low porosity and high water resistance.
LACQUER COATING SYSTEM BASED ON COLD DRY POLYURETHANE ENAMEL FOR PROTECTING NOSE SPINNERS OF PLANES
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Merkulova Yu.I. , Serdcelyubova A.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Zheleznyak V.G. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: August 2021

Recently in the aviation industry there has been an increasing demand for the development of functional paints and varnishes, in particular, for the production of coatings intended to protect aviation equipment from abrasion and erosion damaged. Coatings of this type are especially relevant for polymer products. This work is devoted to the development of a new polyurethane enamel for the protection of antenna radomes. The comparative data of fluoroplastic, polyurethane imported enamel, enamels based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and fluorinated rubber, intended for protection of abrasive damage.
RESEARCH OF EROSION RESISTANCE OF SOLDERED JOINTS WITH PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kashin D.S. , Ivanov I.M. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Doronin O.N. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: August 2021

Presents results of studies of the erosion resistance of soldered joints with various types of coatings. It was established that a coating based on tungsten carbide, applied by the electrospark method, has the greatest positive influence on the erosion resistance of VPr4 solder. At the same time, preliminary machining of the solder surface also increases resistance to the effects of erosion flow. The possibility of using an electrospark coating as an erosion-resistant sublayer for composite protective coatings was shown.
SPECIFICITY OF APPLICATION OF X-RAY METHODS OF «SWING» AND LAUE IN DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS OF NICKEL HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kuzmina N.A. , Lifshitz V.A. ,   Joint stock company «Electronic Technique-Medicine», Potrakhov E.N. ,   Joint stock company «Electronic Technique-Medicine», Potrakhov N.N. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI» named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin)»
Published: August 2021

Systematically analyzes and justifies the characteristics of equipment operating in monochromatic radiation by the «swing» method and in polychromatic radiation by the Laue method in relation to the specifics of controlled samples in the technology of single-crystal casting from nickel heat-resistant alloys. The main application of the «swing» method is the mass control of seed blanks, seedings, growth cones of samples and blades. The main application of the Laue method is local measurements of block misorientation in the casting of the turbine blade, determination of the crystallographic orientation misorientation in controlled areas on the blade. An optimized configuration is proposed for a compact modification of a diffractometer operating in monochromatic radiation for mass control of the structure in production.
UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASUREMENTS RESULTS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ITS METHODS ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Karachevtsev F.N. , Letov A.F. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Slavin A.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: August 2021

An explanation of the difference between the uncertainty and the error of the measurement results, which is in the approach to their assessment, is given. The standard and expanded uncertainty are estimated taking into account the uncertainty at each operation to transfer the size of a physical quantity from a standard (standard sample) to a measuring instrument and during measurements. The error is estimated based on the variance of the final measurement. Methods for evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results are given depending on regulatory documents, metrological characteristics, measurement methods, such as indicators and limits of repeatability and reproducibility.
Los sistemas de vigilancia de marcas comerciales y nombres de domino en la industria de la moda
Authors: Arancibia Obrador María José
Published: August 2021

La creatividad en la industria de la moda merece protección y uno de los vehículos más importantes son las marcas comerciales, pues es un activo intangible que permite distinguir productos y servicios. Es por ello que la tecnología es relevante para brindar una robusta protección y ello se realiza por un sistema de vigilancia adecuado. De esta manera su busca evitar los conflictos en Internet o por el registro de otras marcas comerciales.
Cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Utemissova Gulmira Ukatayevna , Danna Summers , Nikolaevna Vasyagina Nataliya
Published: August 2021

The Internet and advanced technology are increasingly dominating our lives. The number of researches regarding the aggressive behaviour of teenagers on the Internet is rapidly increasing. This study aims at revealing the features of cyberbullying in popular social networks and its negative psychological consequences. This article summarises the results of using Google Trends in the context of ‘bullying’ and ‘cyberbullying’ during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan during the transition to distance learning. A total number of 32 adolescents participated in an online survey about cyberbullying. According to our results, all participants said that this is a terrifying fact to believe that they cannot rely on adults when it comes to cyberbullying unlike traditional bullying, where the aggressor is known to the face and can be avoided, but the pursuer is anonymous in cyberspace. Cyberbullying can be particularly dangerous for children and adolescents who have had traumatic experiences or who have experienced rejection within the family.
 
Keywords: Internet space, cyberbullying, victimisation, COVID-19, technology.
Find the difference: Parent–child interactions at Ankara University Toy Museum
Authors: Bayindir Sila
Published: August 2021

Museums are founded on the preservation, classification and exhibition of artifacts collected from rare cabinets to imperial treasures. The aim of this study was to examine how arrangements in museum differentiate parental scaffolding behaviour. This research was carried out in Ankara University Toy Museum, and 50 parent–child couples participated. It was investigated how the situation of playing ‘find the difference’ game differentiates parental scaffolding behaviour. Interactions between parents and children in the museum were videotaped and speeches were transcribed. Speeches were divided into scaffolding categories and frequencies were calculated. As a result of the analysis, 20 parents played the game with their children. According to the results of the research, museums can support parents’ scaffolding behaviour. In Turkey, there is limited information on how parents are using museums for their children. Studies carried out in this field can provide more information about how practices can be conducted in this field.
 
Keywords: Scaffolding behaviours, cognitive development, early childhood, museum, informal education.
An examination of the relationship between social intelligence and organisational commitment among the school managers of Kashmar and Khalilabad
Authors: Mohadesi Elahe
Published: August 2021

This research aims to examine the relationship between social intelligence (SI) and organisational commitment (OC) among male and female managers of boys’ and girls’ schools in the two Iranian cities of Kashmar and Khalilabad. The statistical population of the study included all the managers of the aforementioned schools in two cities, with a total of 204 people based on the information received from the local education bureaus. The study is based on the correlation method. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regressions and independent t-test were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software for data analysis. The results revealed that there was a relationship between SI and OC; meanwhile, SI could somehow predict and explain the alterations in OC. Also, there was a meaningful association between the subscale of patience and OC where patience had an impact on OC and its dimensions.
 
Keywords: Organisational commitment, affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment, social intelligence.
Improving Access to Education for Marginalised Girls in Conflict Areas
Authors: Marchais Gauthier , Gupta Sweta , Brandt Cyril Owen
Published: August 2021

A high proportion of out-of-school children across the world live in conflict-affected contexts. To remove barriers to education for marginalised girls in those contexts, a key challenge is to understand the multiple and intersecting forms of marginalisation and their changing dynamics during violent conflict. Research from the REALISE education project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) identifies key considerations for education programmes for marginalised girls in conflict areas, such as inclusive education for girls and boys, links between education and peace-building, and extra-curricular activities to support social relationships.
PENGARUH EFIKIASI DIRI, PERCAYA DIRI DAN PERSEPSI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PRESENTASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA MANDARIN SISWA KELAS 3 SD XYZ [THE INFLUENCE OF SELF-EFFICACY, CONFIDENCE, AND PERCEPTIONS WHEN USING PRESENTATION MEDIA ON THE CHINESE SPEAKING SKILLS OF GRADE 3 STUDENTS AT XYZ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL]
Authors: Yulianto Valentia
Published: August 2021

In learning Mandarin, speaking skills are the core of effective learning in Mandarin. The ability of students in practice speaking skills, shows that they comprehend and master the vocabularies that have been achieved well. In fact, speaking skills on grade 3 XYZ Elementary School students have not been achieved well. Many related factors affect the students’ speaking skills in Mandarin, including self-efficacy, self-confidence, and the use of media presentation. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of self-efficacy, self-confidence, and media presentation of Mandarin speaking skills of grade 3 students XYZ Elementary School. The subjects of the study were the entire population of grade 3 students of XYZ Elementary School. This research uses quantitative approach with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis tool. The design used in this study was multiple linear regression with a quantitative approach. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires and assessing using a speaking rubric. The result of the research shows that self-efficacy, self-confidence, and perception of media presentation usage have a positive effect on Chinese speaking skill of grade 3 XYZ Elementary School students.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Dalam belajar bahasa Mandarin, keterampilan berbicara adalah merupakan inti pembelajaran efektif dari bahasa Mandarin itu sendiri. Kemampuan anak dalam mempraktekkan keterampilan berbicara, menunjukkan pada pemahaman dan penguasaan kosa kata yang sudah tercapai dengan baik. Pada Kenyataannya, keterampilan berbicara pada siswa kelas 3 SD XYZ belum tercapai dengan baik. Banyak faktor berkaitan yang mempengaruhi keterampilan berbicara siswa dalam bahasa Mandarin, diantaranya efikasi diri, percaya diri, dan penggunaan media presentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri, percaya diri, dan penggunaan media presentasi terhadap keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin siswa kelas 3 SD XYZ. Adapun subyek penelitian adalah seluruh populasi siswa kelas 3 SD XYZ. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan alat analisis Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan melakukan penilaian menggunakan rubrik berbicara. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri, percaya diri, dan persepi penggunaan media presentasi berpengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan berbicara bahasa Mandarin siswa kelas 3 SD XYZ.
PELATIHAN PERHOTELAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN, KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI MELALUI METODE SIMULASI [HOSPITALITY TRAINING TO IMPROVE SERVICE, QUALITY OF SERVICE, AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH THE SIMULATION METHOD]
Authors: Tjai Cornelia
Published: August 2021

This Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted to offer solutions for Dapur Solo (DS) Restaurant as the waiters’ service quality and communication skill did not meet expectations: (1) the previous training had been done by the direct supervisor of the waiters; (2) optimal training had never been done, not inline with the training theory and management expectation;(3) no assessment had been used to measure the success of training. This CAR was done in three cycles.  The subjects of this research were seven waiters of DS Jakarta. The data collection was conducted with observations, field notes, written assessments, rubrics and documentations with descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of this research showed: (1) there was an improvement in the learning: there were instructional design, post-training implementation in accordance to the lesson plans, and assessments to measure the success of the training; (2) 86% of the training participants had increased on the quality of service; and (3) 100% of the training participants had increased on communication skills.
A atuação do turismólogo na sociedade da informação
Authors: Silva Fabiano Couto Corrêa da , Fabris Cristine
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho aborda a importância dos serviços oferecidos pelo turismólogo como mediador de informações personalizadas para o exercício de sua profissão. O artigo inicia com os conceitos de sociedade da informação e o papel do turismólogo na conjuntura que caracteriza este tipo de sociedade. Por fim, são analisadas as interfaces de sua função com outros profissionais para atender a demanda informacional dos seus usuários, alimentando a cadeia produtiva da sociedade da informação.
Competitive personalities of students - future engineers of the oil and gas industry
Authors: Kamenez Natalia V. , Semenova Ekaterina A.
Published: August 2021

The goal of students' professional training in the oil and gas field is to form a competitive, highly qualified graduate. This article describes the criteria and requirements necessary for the formation of a competitive specialist in the oil and gas industry, namely, a future engineer, and emerging issues and problems faced by both university teachers and students. This work was carried out based on the analysis of scientific literature, which described the research of scientists on the competitiveness of graduates of technical universities in current conditions, as well as on the analysis of the results of the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the development of the qualities of a competitive personality of students. The implementation of the conditions proposed within the framework of this work contributes to the training of a highly qualified specialist who is ready to "survive" in modern conditions of competition.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Make A Match terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Materi Balok Kelas VIII
Authors: Gustia Hepi , Juwita Hariani , Siswanto Jemiyo
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektivan pembelajaran matematika melalui Model Pembelajaran Make A Match Efektif pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Sakti PUMU Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Sakti PUMU Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 165 siswa, sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini secara acak (random). Maka terpilihlah kelas VIII4 sebagai kelas kontrol sebanyak 32 siswa, kelas VIII5 sebagai kelas eksperimen sebanyak 35 siswa dengan jumlah keseluruhan penelitian ini 67 siswa. Pengumpulan data diambil dengan metode tes dalam bentuk essay, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu uji hipotesis dengan rumus t (statistik uji t). Setelah diadakan penelitian maka didapat yaitu 70,01 > 64,53 maka Ho ditolak Ha diterima.

 

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Model Pembelajaran Make A Match, Hasil Belajar
STUDI LITERATUR: PENGARUH PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Prayuti Amarta , Aziz Tian Abdul , Makmuri
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan di Indonesia masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Hasil PISA dan TIMSS menyatakan bahwa kemampuan matematis siswa di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Padahal, kemampuan matematis siswa penting untuk penerapannya dalam menyelesaikan masalah di dunia nyata. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan pemilihan model pembelajaran yang tepat dengan kemampuan siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat kemampuan matematis apa saja yang akan berkembang dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Studi Literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif teknik Content Analysis. Dipilih 10 artikel dari artikel terakreditasi sinta 1 sampai sinta 5 dan dipilih judul-judul yang berkaitan dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan kemampuan matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan matematis siswa diantaranya kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah, serta keterkaitan diantara ketiganya. Lebih jauh lagi artikel ini juga membahas strategi-strategi khusus yang dipadukan dengan model Problem Based Learning agar pembelajaran semakin bermakna. Pendidik dapat menggunakan model Problem Based Learning sebagai referensi pengajaran di sekolah serta Peneliti dapat meneliti lebih lanjut kemampuan matematis siswa lainnya yang berpengaruh jika menerapkan model Problem Based Learning.
Mohr-Coulomb Envelope Based on Geomechanical Studies: West Siberian Fields Case Studies. Applied Methods
Authors: Kunakasov Arthur Ahatovich , Kharkov Evgeniy Viktorovich , Chigirev Robert Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2021

The strength properties of the rock determine many physical processes occurring in the formation and at the bottom of the well. Deformation and destruction of rocks under the influence of external forces can be both a positive and a negative factor for working with formations at all stages of development. To create the optimal design of the well drilling trajectory, select the optimal development project, the fluids extraction rate from the formations, efficient planning and implementation of hydraulic fracturing procedures, prevention of emergencies during drilling and operation and reduction of oil recovery due to irreversible loss of reservoir properties and solving many other problems, it is necessary to consider possible destruction of the rock. The Mohr-Coulomb envelope (rock strength passport) can be used as a strength criterion for such tasks, it characterizes the boundary values of stresses in the rock, at which its destruction occurs according to the Mohr-Coulomb theory.

At article discusses three methods for determinate strength passports based on the results of laboratory studies of rock samples: multistage loading of the sample, assessment of the sample fracture after triaxial compression strength test, the use of "twin" samples for testing. The features of each method, its advantages and limitations are disclosed, examples of construction of strength passports for rocks from fields in Western Siberia are shown. According to the research results, the most preferable is the use of "twin" samples. However, this method is associated with technical difficulties.
Ultra-Homogeneous B0 field for High-Field
Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Unified Shim-RF Coils
Authors: Yang Hsin-Jung , Serry Fardad , Hu Peng , Fan Zhaoyang , Shim Hyunsuk , Christodoulou Anthony , Wang Nan , Kwan Alan , Xie Yibin , Huang Yuheng , Stager John , Liu Waishing , Azab Linda , Handelin Richard , Lu Meng , Yoosefian Ghazal , Wang Meiyun , Dharmakumar Rohan , Li Debiao , Han Hui
Published: August 2021

High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 3.0T and above) offers numerous advantages for imaging the human body over lower-field strengths. However, it suffers from unwanted fast spatially-varying main (B0 ) fields caused by the susceptibility mismatch at the tissue interfaces. When this is combined with the anatomical complexity of the human body, undesirable image artifacts can become damaging as they can compromise potential image contrasts, limit the use of accelerated imaging, and interfere with clinical interpretation. Consequently, these limitations restrict the effective utilization of high-field body MRI and emphasize the need for a major improvement in B0 field homogeneity to take full advantage of the ever increased B0 field. Here we introduce a Unified shim-RF Coil (UNIC) to overcome this existing bottleneck by transcending the conventional low-efficiency, distantly located B0 shim coils. UNIC allows a shim array to be freely allotted and seamlessly integrated into a standard surface RF coil, thus maximizing both the performance of RF receive sensitivity and effective B0 shimming. We demonstrate the capacity of the UNIC approach through detailed characterization of the coil design, prototyping a body coil integrating the UNIC features, and conducting in-vivo imaging of deep organs adjacent to the lung. Our studies provide evidence that UNIC enables homogeneous B0 fields in the liver and the heart, where strong image artifacts are known to occur, and hence facilitate the acquisition of unprecedented image quality in a clinical 3.0T scanner. Further, UNIC’s design is practical as it overcomes one of the most, if not the most, critical limitations of the state-of-the-art high-field MRI with minimal changes to the current MRI hardware architecture. Accordingly, the proposed technique offers opportunities for major advancements in noninvasive imaging of deep organs with high-field imaging in a way it has not been possible thus far.
A Situational Analysis of Child And Adolescent Mental Health Services And Systems In The Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Mokitimi Stella , Schneider Marguerite , de Vries Petrus J
Published: August 2021

Background: Child and Adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and systems need strengthening globally. This requires knowledge of the hardware elements of the system (human resources, financing, medicines, technology, organisational structure, service infrastructure, and information systems). This study sought to examine these elements of CAMHS in the Western Cape Province of South AfricaMethods: The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument of Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) version 2.2 of 2005 was adapted to identify key variables of interest in CAMHS. Data were collected for the calendar year 2016 and focused on the public health sector. We outlined findings based on best available data across the six domains of the WHO-AIMS.Results: In domain 1, we found no provincial CAMHS policy or implementation plans to support the national CAMHS policy, and were unable to identify a CAMHS-specific budget. In domain 2, there was no dedicated provincial leadership structure for CAMHS, and no dedicated or ‘child- and adolescent-friendly’ mental health services at primary or secondary care levels. At tertiary level, there were only three specialist CAMH teams. The majority of CAMHS resources were based in the City of Cape Town, with limited resources in the rural districts. Essential medicines were available in all facilities, and the majority of children and adolescents had access to free services. In domain 3, data were limited about the extent of training offered to primary healthcare staff, and little or no psychosocial interventions were available in primary care. Domain 4 identified a small and variable CAMHS workforce across all levels of care. In domain 5 few public health campaigns focused on CAMH, and little evidence of formal intersectorial collaboration on CAMHS was identified. Domain 6 identified significant limitations in health information systems for CAMHS, including lack of child- and adolescent-specific and disaggregated data to establish baselines for policy development, monitoring, evaluation and CAMHS research.Conclusions: This study identified significant structural weaknesses in CAMHS and present a clear call for action to strengthen services and systems in the province and in South Africa. it would be important to expand research also to include provider and user perspectives for service-strengthening.
Probiotic Potential and Immunomodulatory Properties in Enterococcus Faecium GMB24 and Enterococcus Hirae SMB16 Isolated from Goat and Sheep Milk
Authors: Rajput Kamni , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Jangra Ashwani Kumar
Published: August 2021

Probiotic attributes of lactic acid bacteria isolated from goat and sheep milk samples were analysed by culturing them on MRS (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) agar media. The most potential isolates, GMB24 and SMB16, were identified by biochemical tests, which were further identified as Enterococcus faecium GMB24 and Enterococcus hirae SMB16 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The probiotic potential of the GMB24 and SMB16 were possessed for probiotics attributes including antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli (MTCC118), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC7443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC424), Listeria monocytogens (MTCC657) and Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC733), and antibiotic susceptibility test. These bacterial isolates had ability to tolerate different concentrations of acid, bile and phenol resistance. Further, immunomodulating activities of potential probiotic bacteria were tested on neutrophil adhesion test, haemagglutinating antibody titer and delayed type hypersensitivity. The data from these experiments were used for the principal component analysis (PCA) for assessing survivability of isolates at different factors. The probiotic bacterial isolates showed good response for the enhanced antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) activity. Probiotic isolates E. faecium GMB24 and E. hirae SMB16, at 109 cells/ml doses per day, increased the neutrophil adhesion, haemagglutinating antibody titer and DTH in comparison to the untreated control group. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The isolates showed negative test for hemolytic and gelatinase activities and hence were considered safe. E. faecium GMB24 and E. hirae SMB16 possessed an excellent probiotic potential and had a strong potential immune-stimulant activity.
Effect of the Current Density in the Electrical Resistance Sintering Technique to Fabricate a β-Ti-Nb-Sn Ternary Alloy for the Biomedical Sector
Authors: Rossi Mariana , Rodríguez Montserrat Vicenta Haro , Escuder Angel Vicente , Gouvêa Eber de Santi , Saeki Margarida Juri , Borrás Vicente Amigó
Published: August 2021

The electrical resistance sintering is a fast method to fabricate metallic samples in the field of metallurgy and it was used to obtain the Ti-Nb-Sn alloy to be applied as biomaterial, variyng different electrical current densities (11, 12 and 13 kA). The powders were obtained by mechanical alloying, then they were compacted at pressure of 193 MPa during 700 ms. The structure and microstructure of the powders and the samples was evaluated by x-ray diffraction, by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction. The mechanical properties were evaluated by microhardness assay and corrosion resistance was made in Ringer Hartmann’s solution at 37ºC. The samples are formed by α, α” and phase β. The % of phase β in the samples obtained at 11, 12 and 13 kA was 96.56, 98.12 and 98.02 respectively. The peripheral zone present more presence of microporosity than the central zone. The microstructure is also formed by bcc-β grains equiaxial, and the samples obtained at 12 kA present better homogeneity of the microstructure. The grain size increased with the increase of the electrical current density. The microhardness are in the range of 389-418 HV and decreased with the increase of electrical current density. Corrosion tests proved excellent corrosion resistance of the alloys (0.24-0.45 µA/cm2). The standard deviation of kinetic parameters of the samples at 11 and 13 kA were very higher, related to the lack of homogeneity of the microstructure.
Quality of Antenatal Care and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in East Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (2008 to 2018)
Authors: Raru Temam Beshir , Ayana Galana Mamo , Bahiru Nebiyu , Deressa Alemayehu , Alemu Addisu , Birhanu Abdi , Yuya Mohammed , Merga Bedasa Taye , Negash Belay , Letta Shiferaw
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) offers a forum for critical healthcare functions, including health education, screening and diagnosis, and disease prevention. According to WHO, "Quality of care is the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with evidence-based professional knowledge. Several pocket studies carried out in specific localities of East African countries were investigated factors influencing the ANC utilization. However, these factors were neither representative of the country nor specific to the recommended minimum of four ANC visits. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the overall magnitude and factors associated with ANC quality among pregnant women in the six East African Countries from 2008 to 2018 data of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).Methods: A secondary data analysis was done using DHS data of six East African Countries from 2008 to 2018. A total weighted sample of 46,656 women who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey was included in this study. A multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a p-value<0.05 were declared significant factors associated with the quality of ANC.Results: The overall magnitude of quality of ANC in the six East African Countries was 11.16% (95% CI: 10.87-11.45). An average age of the women was 28.95. Women of age 20-34 (AOR= 1.29; 95% CI; 1.11-1.50), 35-49 (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI; 1.25-1.80), primary education (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI; 1.18-1.55), richest wealth index (AOR = 2.35; 95% CI; 2.02-2.74), being in rural resident (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI; 0.55,0.69), and living in Rwanda (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI; 2.52-3.66) were factors significantly associated with quality of ANC.Conclusion and Recommendations: The magnitude of ANC quality was low in the East African countries. Age, level of education, wealth index, birth order, husband/partners' level of education, residence, and living countries were factors associated with ANC quality. It would be helpful to increase financial support strategies that enable mothers from poor households to use health services and enhance women's understanding of the significance of ANC utilization through health education; targeting both women and partners with no education is crucial.
Outcomes and Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services Amongst Women Attending United Bulawayo Hospitals Cancer Screening Clinic: A Secondary Data Analysis from 2018 to 2020.
Authors: Gunguwo Taurai , Chandiposha Martin , Lupepe Abigail Nobuhle , Sibanda Mpumelelo , Rambanapasi Harrison , Gowera Blessing
Published: August 2021

Background: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Cervicography (VIAC) is a screening method used to see and treat pre-cancerous cervical lesions. United Bulawayo Hospitals (UBH) is a tertiary government hospital that has an established VIAC Clinic that offers free services to the southern region of Zimbabwe. The utilization and outcomes of VIAC screening method become important in mapping the policies going into the future. We performed a retrospective descriptive study analysing data from 2018 to 2020 to assess outcomes and utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study using data collected from the United Bulawayo Hospitals VIAC Clinic. We analysed all records of clients who utilized VIAC services at the referral facility from 2018 to 2020.Results: From the records, a total of 15,491 women accessed services at the VIAC Clinic. The VIAC positivity rate was 6.7%, those with suspicion of cancer result were 1.15 % and punch biopsies constituted 2.3 % of patients seen. Of the treatment modalities offered to VIAC positive patients, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) constituted 53%, cryotherapy 15.3%, hysterectomies 12.7%, punch biopsies 18.2%, and thermal ablation 0.8%. Conclusion: The "See, Screen and Treat" objective in cervical cancer management is being realized at the tertiary hospital. Clients are coming for management from the entire southern region of Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Health should upscale VIAC clinics which are able to offer different treatment modalities in rural areas and also fund community awareness and engagement to increase the number of women coming for cervical cancer screening services.
Evaluation of Diverse-based Precipitation Data Over the Amazon Region
Authors: Sapucci Camila , Mayta Victor C. , Dias Pedro Silva
Published: August 2021

The skill of the diverse-based precipitation products is investigated in comparison with HYBAM rain-gauge observations. The performance of three remote sensing-based datasets (the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station, CHIRPS, the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, MSWEP, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) is evaluated considering different timescales for the Amazon Basin, an area with widely heterogeneous precipitation. The analysis considered seasonal, intraseasonal and diurnal timescales through the computation of the cluster analysis, the seasonality index, the Kling-Gupta Efficiency metric, spectral analysis and composing technique. CHIRPS has the lowest performance to represent the rainfall in the northwest portion of the basin, where it underestimated the mean precipitation compared to the other bases. In this region, the other remote sensing-based (TRMM and MSWEP databases) compared to HYBAM also showed considerable variability and misrepresentation of the intraseasonal rainfall. In general, all databases perform better in the north and eastern portions of the basin compared to HYBAM. The comparison of the diurnal rainfall cycle between remote sensing-based data and the field campaigns of TRMM-LBA and GoAmazon, and the Huayao station in the Andes was also evaluated. At the diurnal timescale, MSWEP predates the time of the rainfall peak, but represents the magnitude of the precipitation well compared with TRMM. This study is necessary to warn about the importance of a more complete and objective assessment of the data before considering it for applications in different precipitation studies, mainly in regions with high rainfall heterogeneity like the Amazon Basin.
Acceptability, Feasibility, and Fidelity of a NICU Rehabilitation Program: A Single Center Randomized Controlled Trial in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Letzkus Lisa , Conaway Mark , Miller-Davis Claiborne , Darring Jodi , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Zanelli Santina
Published: August 2021

Background: Motor disability is common in children born preterm. Interventions focusing on environmental enrichment and emotional connection can positively impact outcomes. The NICU-based rehabilitation (NeoRehab) program consists of evidence-based interventions provided by a parent in addition to usual care. The program combines positive sensory experiences (vocal soothing, scent exchange, comforting touch, skin-to-skin care) as well as motor training (massage and physical therapy) in a gestational age (GA) appropriate fashion.Objective: To investigate the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. All interventions were provided by parents in addition to usual care. Methods: Infants (≤32 weeks' GA and/or ≤1500 grams birthweight) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial comparing NeoRehab to usual care (03/2019-10/2020). The a priori dosing goal was for interventions to be performed 5 days/week. The primary outcomes were the acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the NeoRehab program.Results: 36 participants were randomized to the intervention group and 34 allocated to usual care. The recruitment rate was 71% and retention rate 98%. None of the interventions met the 5 days per week pre-established goal. 97% of participants documented performing a combination of interventions at least 3 times per week.Conclusion: The NeoRehab program was well received and acceptable to parents of VLBW infants. Programs that place a high demand on parents (5 days per week) are not feasible and goals of intervention at least 3 times per week appear to be feasible in the context of the United States. Parent-provided motor interventions were most challenging to parents and alternative strategies should be considered in future studies. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between intervention dosing on long term motor outcomes.
Design of Linear Array for Shaped Beams using Enhanced Flower Pollination Optimization Algorithm for Marine Radar Applications
Authors: Vegesna Nagavalli , G Yamuna , Terlapu Sudheer Kumar
Published: August 2021

In order to generate narrow beams with individual heights of sidelobes, we perform a synthesis of sum patterns. The side lobes can be adjusted to any arbitrary specification and flat top far field radiation patterns using Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm (EFPA) is presented in this paper. The problem of designing an array can be expressed as an optimization problem that aims to reduce the first two sidelobes to -50dB and by reducing the remaining sidelobes to -40dB. The EFPA is applied to determine the excitation coefficients of their amplitudes so as to obtain the required pattern. The objective for case 2 is to obtain the flat top sector beam for specified angular regions. Complex excitation coefficients are determined using EFPA for various beam widths. The radiation patterns are generated numerically using the obtained excitation coefficients. The results reveal that not only the ripples are controlled in the trade-in region, but also maintained sidelobe levels in the acceptable limits. The results presented are very much useful for marine radar applications.
The impact of FFP3 respirators on the blood saturation of intensive care unit medical staff.
Authors: Wojtasz Izabela , Jaracz Krystyna , Sobczynski Pawel , Druzdz Artur , Dyk Danuta , Kazmierski Radoslaw
Published: August 2021

BackgroundRecent studies support the effectiveness of filtering facepiece class 3 respirators (FFP3) during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of protecting both health care workers (HCWs) and patients. However, wearing FFP3 respirators together with personal protective equipment (FFP3/PPE) could increase the feeling of discomfort or could even cause hypoxia. This study aims to investigate whether wearing an FPP3/PPE during work in the intensive care unit (ICU) affects the blood saturation (SpO2), the heart rate (HR), and the well-being of HCWs, as depicted by a score scale.MethodsThe study included a group of 21 volunteers, staff nurses, students and consultants (including 16 females (76%), with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range 21-27), range 20-59 years).We applied a counterbalanced crossover design—a self-controlled trial. Each subject served as his own control and performed the test two times: they wore the FFP3/PPE for a three-hour shift in the ICU and then did not wear the FFP3/PPE for 3 hours. To record the SpO2 and HR in real time, we used a Nellcor PM10N (Coviden, USA) portable monitoring system. Additionally, every 30 minutes during the shift and control run, each subject completed a questionnaire concerning their well-being, with a score scale to evaluate for headaches, shortness of breath, perspiration, fatigue, and thirst.ResultsThe mixed model demonstrated that working with an FFP3/PPE compared to not working with an FFP3/PPE caused a significant, but still within normal ranges, influence on the level of SpO2, with a mean decrease of -1.43%. The highest reduction in the SpO2 was 2.29%, and occurred after 150 minutes of work. We also found a significant increase in the HR at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after starting work. All of the score scales of the well-being markers increased consecutively but were moderate during the shift while wearing the FFP3/PPE; the side effects were mainly fatigue, thirst, and sweating.ConclusionWe assume that a 3 hour shift rhythm –, i.e., three hours of working in the FFP3/PPE in the ICU, followed by rest or working without an FFP3/PPE is a safe and reliable solution.
Effect of Carbonaceous Reducers on Carbon Emission during Silicon Production in SAF of 8.5 MVA and 12.5 MVA
Authors: Jiang Kaizhi , Chen Zhengjie , Ma Wenhui , Cao Shijie , Zhang Hongmei , Zhu Yaqian
Published: August 2021

The silicon manufacturing process produces a large amount of carbon emissions, which is of deep concern to the Chinese government. Previous research has calculated the amount of carbon emissions incurred in silicon production, while research on the factors that affect carbon emissions during the silicon production process has been scarce. The effect of the carbonaceous reducers' consumption on the carbon emission during silicon production was investigated using statistical analysis of the actual production data in order to lower the carbon emissions of silicon production. The effect of different type furnaces (8.5MVA and 12.5MVA) on the carbon emission were also investigated in the study. Based on the results, the soft coal has the greatest impact on carbon emissions when using the 8.5MVA submerged arc furnace. When using the 12.5MVA furnace, petroleum coke has the greatest impact on carbon emission. The use of the 12.5MVA furnace reduces the carbon dioxide emissions of the production of one ton of silicon by approximately 74 kg compared to the 8.5MVA furnace. To obtained reduced carbon emissions in silicon production, we suggest that the silicon manufacturers should (1) use the 12.5MVA submerged arc furnace as much as possible; (2) and optimize the ratio of carbonaceous reducing agents in raw materials for the different furnace types.
Assessment of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in Asymptomatic Chinese Juveniles and Adolescents: a Large Cohort Study and Comparative Meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Canglong , Chen Kai , Chen Yu , Zhou Tianjunke , Yang Mingyuan , Li Ming
Published: August 2021

Study design: Retrospective study and comparative meta-analysisObjective: To document the sagittal spinopelvic alignment in a large cohort study in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents, and to explore whether these parameters were different from various regions using meta-analysis. Methods: Medical records of 656 asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents were reviewed. Demographic and lateral radiological parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, a systematic online search was performed to identify eligible studies. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate whether these sagittal parameters were different from various regions. Results: The mean value of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in this study was calculated and analyzed respectively. A total of 18 studies were recruited for meta-analysis. For juvenile populations, TK, PI and SS of non-East Asian were significantly larger than those of Chinese. As for adolescent populations, PI of non-East Asian was found to be greater when compared with that of Chinese; TK and SS of non-East Asian adolescents was significantly greater than those reported in our study as well. All in all, TK, PI and SS in Chinese pre-adult populations were significantly smaller than those populations in non-East Asian regions.Conclusion: Our study was the first large-scale study that reported the mean values of sagittal parameters in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents. There were significant differences in TK, PI and SS between Chinese and other previous reported populations, which reminded us for using specific mean values in different populations when restoring a relatively normal sagittal spinopelvic balance in spinal deformity.