bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graciano, um imperador niceno e santo: uma identidade construída nos documentos de Ambrósio, bispo de Milão
Authors: Pohlmann Janira Feliciano
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar alguns elementos edificados por Ambrósio, bispo de Milão, para formatar uma identidade cristã baseada no Concílio de Niceia de 325, e, ao mesmo tempo, identificar Graciano como um “santo imperador” defensor da fé professada pelo sacerdote milanês. Para alcançar este objetivo e comprovar minhas hipóteses, examino duas obras tratadísticas de Ambrósio: De fide e De Spiritu Sancto. Observo que ambas as obras foram escritas entre 378/380?-383, por solicitação do Augusto Graciano. Era, portanto, um momento em que o credo de Niceia afirmava sua noção de ortodoxia e a natureza divina do imperador romano ganhava aspectos cristãos.
Dias de glória: uma análise sobre o triplo triunfo de Otaviano, em 29 a.C.
Authors: Cunha Macsuelber de Cássio Barros da
Published: September 2020

Em agosto de 29 a.C., Roma foi palco de um grandioso acontecimento. Trata-se do triplo triunfo de Otaviano. Cerimônia que exaltou as vitórias do Imperator Caesar e de suas tropas e exibiu as riquezas daí advindas. A procissão triunfal ligava passado, presente e futuro, pois se vinculava, em sua origem, com o fundador de Roma e primeiro triunfador, Rômulo; festejava no momento presente as vitórias do general triunfante, exibindo os povos vencidos e as riquezas trazidas; e inscrevia o nome do triunfador na memória das futuras gerações, tanto pelo feito realizado, quanto pelo triunfo memorável que percorreu as ruas de Roma, como também pelos monumentos e/ou edifícios que poderiam ser erguidos com as riquezas trazidas. Neste artigo, fazemos uma análise sobre este grandioso acontecimento e suas relações com a arquitetura e com a memória.
Construindo as bases de uma identidade cristã: o discurso de Tertuliano de Cartago sobre Marcião, em 'Adversus Marcionem'
Authors: Garcia Willian Fernandes , Selvatici Monica
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, empreendemos um exame minucioso dos argumentos do autor cristão Tertuliano de Cartago acerca do cristão considerado herege, Marcião. Analisamos, por meio dele, o processo de construção, em termos do discurso, da identidade cristã, tendo por premissa a oposição discursiva entre o “verdadeiro” cristianismo e os “falsos cristianismos”, neste caso, representados pelo marcionismo. A partir dos critérios elencados pelo antropólogo Fredrik Barth, em sua teoria da etnicidade, pudemos compreender o processo de construção (ou desconstrução) de um adversário levado a cabo por Tertuliano, ao mesmo tempo que ele construía as premissas de sua identidade cristã por meio da comparação entre as ideias que ele julgava corretas em oposição ao que supostamente seus oponentes pregavam.
As redes episcopais do cristianismo primitivo e seu papel na construção da Igreja cristã
Authors: De Toledo Piza Pedro Luís
Published: September 2020

Resenha de: BASLEZ, M-F. Les premiers batîsseurs de l’Église: correspondances épiscopales, Iie-IIIe siècles. Paris: Fayard, 2016. 304 p.
Esparta e o Oriente entre os Períodos Arcaico e Clássico
Authors: Cabral Bernardo Gabriel
Published: September 2020

A história de Esparta é geralmente dividida entre os Períodos Arcaico e Clássico, caracterizados, respectivamente, pela abertura a influências externas e pelo posterior bloqueio dessas. Entretanto, uma análise mais cuidadosa da relação entre Esparta e o Oriente Próximo pode mostrar, nesses dois períodos, um continuum e não fases completamente diferentes de uma mesma sociedade. Considerando a cultura material espartana e as evidências literárias dos períodos Arcaico e Clássico, temos um quadro em que Esparta manteve sim alguma inserção nas redes do Mediterrâneo oriental, mas indiretamente, associando-se a cidades ou agentes já bem estabelecidos nessas redes. Nesse sentido, Esparta não mudou completamente de atitude em relação às suas relações “internacionais”, mas manteve a mesma lógica de conexão, investindo apenas na conectividade que respondia às suas demandas internas específicas.
Greek magic on the Atlantic? Homeric potions and mystic cults beyond the Pillars of Herakles. New comparanda and new interpretations
Authors: Pappa Eleftheria
Published: September 2020

The article reviews the evidence for cultic activity at the Orientalizing settlement of Alcácer do Sal (Portugal). It offers new comparanda for the assemblage of cultic artefacts identified at two locations and then interprets it in the broader context of Mediterranean interconnections. It is suggested that a cult brought by Phocaean Greek merchants, perhaps from southern Iberia where such cults are archaeologically attested during the same period, may explain the evidence better than the hypotheses so far formulated.
A anatomia do templo dórico grego: origem e desenvolvimento
Authors: Gomez Duarte Claudio Walter
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva abordar a gênese do templo dórico grego até a formação do tipo ou “cânone”, dando ênfase para as teorias mais polêmicas que permeiam o assunto. Abordamos a forma do templo dórico, em planta e elevação. Para isso, construímos uma espécie de glossário, só que minuciosamente detalhado, explicando a forma e função de cada elemento arquitetônico que compõe o templo dórico. Explicamos a nomenclatura para a designação de cada tipo de templo com exemplos para cada formação. Finalizamos o artigo com uma lista cronológica dos principais templos dóricos e uma figura que auxilia o entendimento do tipo dórico.
Os 'nautai' e a promoção do culto de Atená na Sicília do Período Arcaico
Authors: Soares Martinho Guilherme Fonseca
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta a condição dos nautai como “protegidos” de Atená, as particularidades de seu ofício no campo da navegação no contexto do expansionismo grego rumo à fundação de suas apoikiai no Mediterrâneo ocidental. Explora os desafios da navegação em alto-mar e, a partir da leitura da Odisseia, de Homero, como Atená foi invocada pelos marinheiros do Período Arcaico em suas travessias. Em seguida, dedica-se ao mapeamento dos templos e santuários dedicados à divindade nas apoikiai fundadas em território siciliano ao longo dos séculos VIII e VI a.C., buscando, por fim, destacar os elementos que conduziram à promoção de seu culto como resultado dos modos de intervenção de Atená no campo das tékhnai da navegação.
As moedas romanas e os estudos numismáticos contemporâneos
Authors: Furlani João Carlos
Published: September 2020

Resenha de: KEMMERS, F. The functions and use of Roman coinage: an overview of 21st century scholarship. Leiden: Brill, 2019. 89 p.
Cultura material e as conexões no Mundo Grego
Authors: Bomfim Vieira Ana Livia
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as transformações que a perspectiva de história conectada trouxe para a área de Antiguidade. Além disso, objetivamos demonstrar como a expansão das pesquisas em Arqueologia, a partir do final do século XX, estimularam a compreensão da cultura material como intermediária nas relações de conexão e na construção de redes sociais no mundo grego.
As 'póleis' do Ocidente grego à luz da Arqueologia Clássica: uma entrevista com Maria Beatriz B. Florenzano
Authors: Florenzano Maria Beatriz B.
Published: September 2020

Entrevista com Maria Beatriz B. Florenzano.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF COMPRESSED DEFORMED COMPOSITE RODS OF T-SECTION REINFORCED WITH WELDING
Authors: RODIONOV Igor K. , RODIONOV Igor I.
Published: September 2020

The article presents experimentally obtained information about the features of the work of compressed deformed rods, reinforced in two ways by increasing the cross section using welding. In the test, a P-200 press was used, on the plates of which centered ball bearings were att ached. Nine rods of T-section 100 cm long from paired corners L40x4 were tested. Three rods were straight: tested without amplifi cation. Six rods had a common curvature in the plane of the gaskets and were reinforced: three rods with pair of short corners L40x4 (length 60 cm); three rods - paired long corners L40x4 (length 100 cm). Loading was carried out in steps of 200 kg until the loss of non-existent ability. As a result, information was obtained on the signifi cant eff ectiveness of the amplifi cation method with long gain angles.
ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN FEATURES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SAINT-PETERSBURG IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: GOLOVINA Svetlana G.
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a review of architectural and design techniques which were characteristic for residential development in the second half of the XVIII century in St. Petersburg. During that period, there was formed the urban planning, volumetric spatial and constructional structure of residential buildings, which later, in the XIX - early XX century, became a typical solution for residential development in St. Petersburg. The fi rewalled residential house was usually built along the perimeter of the possessory plot of land with an inner courtyard formed inside. The residential house consisted of a two-span front building and one-span side buildings located along the perimeter of the site. The constructional system of a residential building in the second half of the XVIII century was a vaulted-beam scheme along the longitudinal walls. The main construction structures are described, such as brick walls with subsequent fi nishing, strip stone footings based on wooden joists, roofs built on wooden batt er rafters in a cold att ic with no heating.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE PERM FACTORY-KITCHEN OF THE INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIP “SOTSGORODOK” IN MOTOVILIKHA IN THE ASPECT OF EVOLUTION OF UTOPIC IDEOLOGY
Authors: ISAKOV Aleksandr S.
Published: September 2020

The article considers the architectural features of the fi rst factory-kitchens in the USSR, and other factories- kitchens Ivanovo region, built in the 1920-30-ies. Explores the history of their creation, planning and functional features of the original and the existing condition of the facades.
ARBORARCHITECTURE: MODERN TRENDS
Authors: SMOLINA Olesya O.
Published: September 2020

Arborarchitecture is a promising direction in architecture and construction, the technology of which is to form a three-dimensional composition of buildings and structures from growing trees. The results of this study are the proposed classifi cation of arborarchitecture by design features of their formation. We found that the cultivation of artistic and architectural forms of buildings and structures, it is possible to use a frame, which will later be removed, or to use the principle layout of the building structural framing in conjunction with bionic; or to use the most time-consuming way to generate data object types - growing «wood» frame of the building.
PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR THE HISTORICAL PART OF CITIES
Authors: SYSOEVA Elena A. , DAKHNYUK Ksenia N.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to identifying the principles of the formation of a socially-comfortable urban environment in the historical part of cities. It covers various aspects that infl uence the modeling of the public environment, from urban to social. The collected material, using the studied cities with public spaces in historical buildings as an example, will reveal the factors infl uencing the transformation of spaces; develop a methodological base for design in the structure of historical buildings, determine the place of function in such design. This methodological material will become the basis for the design of public spaces in the historical part of the city of Samara.
FORMATION OF STYLOBAT TYPOLOGY OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH PRINCIPLES OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DESIGN
Authors: GENERALOVA Elena M. , GENERALOV Viktor P.
Published: September 2020

The study reveals the following aspects that determine the typological diversity of stylobates in high-rise buildings: functional structure; connection to pedestrian and traffi c fl ows; landscaping; variation of scenarios of social interaction; adaptability; the degree of accessibility of various public services; security; the impact of climatic conditions on the planning structure; innovative architectural, constructive and technological solutions. A scientifi cally based typology of stylobates of highrise buildings is proposed. The basic principles of transit- oriented development of the urban environment are considered. The article focuses on the transit-oriented development of the stylobate part of high-rise buildings and complexes. The main space-planning elements necessary for organizing pedestrian traffi c are identifi ed.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF URBAN PLANNING RESERVES IN MEGAPOLISES
Authors: GUD’ Ilya D.
Published: September 2020

The article shows the results of theoretical research in the fi eld of spatial development of the territory and the sett lement. Infrastructure provision of the forming Greater Samara megapolis is considered in the dialectical confrontation of internal and external infl uence factors in relation to the global transport map. The practical proposals for the territorial sett lement formation system of Samara province based on the development of towns interaction in the structure of the marginal zone of Samara agglomeration with peripheral local systems of rural sett lement are made. The author makes models of multi-modal transport and logistics hubs (Multihubs) in promising “growth poles”, which are going to be at the points of contact of the peripheral marginal zone of the Samara agglomeration with local rural settlement systems.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING RENOVATION PROCESS IN LARGE CITIES OF RUSSIA
Authors: RYAZANOVA Galina Nikolaevna , LUKYANOVA Angelina Olegovna
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the main problems and prospects of organizing housing renovation, which could become a program for large cities of Russia on the example of Moscow. In the cities of Russia, a huge number of obsolete buildings that exceed their service life or on the verge of achieving it. The advantages and disadvantages of the housing renovation program in Moscow are considered. An algorithm for a housing renovation program for large cities of Russia is proposed. The problems of organizing the disposal of construction waste and the possibilities of their processing are considered. An assessment is given of the condition of buildings in certain districts of Samara, which could be included in the housing renovation program.
ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE CITY OF PENZA
Authors: SOKOLOVA Natalya V. , LITVINOVA Yana V.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the choice of the strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza. Domestic experience of spatial development strategy application for the largest cities is considered, territorial and recreational resources, transport infrastructure of the city are analyzed. The strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza, based on the principles of compactness and polycentricity in respect of territorial development, multimodality in the fi eld of transport infrastructure and the principle of continuity in the development of natural and recreational framework.
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE CALCULATION OF THE HUMIDITY MODE OF MULTI-LAYERED ENCLOSING BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: VYTCHIKOV Yuri S. , SAPAREV Mikhail Ye.
Published: September 2020

The implementation of the energy saving program in construction, adopted in the Russian Federation, has led to a signifi cant change in the design decisions of building envelopes. To achieve the normative values of heat transfer resistance, various facade systems are currently widely used for insulation of external walls using polymeric materials as heaters, which have low values of the coeffi cient of thermal conductivity with a relatively high value of the coeffi cient of vapor permeability. Therefore, when choosing a textured layer of facade systems, it is necessary to take into account the value of its resistance to diff usion of water vapor in order to avoid the accumulation of moisture in the outer walls. The problem associated with the possible accumulation of moisture is especially relevant when designing both three-layer exterior walls and walls with internal insulation. To eliminate the formation of molds on the inner surfaces of the enclosing structures, leading to dangerous diseases of skin and respiratory tract organs, as well as the destruction of building structures, it is necessary to accurately calculate the humidity mode of the enclosing structures in order to protect them from overmoistening. The article presents a methodology for determining the position of the plane of possible condensation in multilayer enclosing structures, based on the use of the dimensionless characteristics method.
ORIGIN OF ZEILENBAU
Authors: FILIPPOV Vasily D.
Published: September 2020

The history of the origin of one of the types of urban planning, line (zeilenbau) building, which was widespread in the sett lements of the Weimar Republic in the second half of the 1920s is consistently described. The prerequisites and conditions of occurrence, principles and boundaries of applicability in urban planning are discussed.
ELECTROTECHNICAL MODULAR COMPLEX FOR HEATING VISCOUS LIQUIDS IN PIPELINE TRANSPORT FACILITIES
Authors: DANILUSHKIN Aleksandr I. , DANILUSHKIN Vasily A. , KRIVOSCHEEV Vladmir E. , MAKSIMOVA Marina A.
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the problem of increasing the effi - ciency of installations for heating viscous liquids during their transportation through pipeline systems. The posed problem is solved by intensifying the heat transfer process between heat sources and a heated liquid. Intensify the heat transfer process in heating systems by using a modular heating system. Each module consists of an induction heating section and an induction mixer. The mixer is installed at the outlet of the heating section. The process of mixing the liquid is carried out by an induction mixer of a special design. A method for calculating the temperature of the oil fl ow in the pipeline behind the induction heater and after the mixer is proposed. The methodology was developed on the basis of a balance of heat fl ows. The temperature distribution for a multi-section heater consisting of several induction modules is calculated. It is shown that the use of a modular system can signifi cantly reduce the overall dimensions of the induction heater and reduce energy costs for transporting liquid.
MODERNIZATION OF DEVICES FOR PURIFICATION OF AIR FROM SOLID HIGH-DISPERSED AEROSOLS
Authors: PURING Svetlana M. , VATUZOV Denis N.
Published: September 2020

A device for cleaning solid particles with a dispersion of 0.1 μm is proposed. The principle of the apparatus is based on coagulation of particles on slots perforated in the form of slots, using irrigation of contaminated air with water through nozzles with a dispersed composition from 2.0 microns to 10 microns. When a threephase fl ow passes through the slots of the fi rst separator plate, turbulent coagulation occurs due to turbulence of the fl ow in streams with a small turbulence scale, which leads to particle coarsening. When the jet runs onto the second plate, a boundary layer is formed that has an increased viscosity to the components of the jet. Viscosity is formed due to the sedimentation and mixing of water particles and dust (including coarsened) on the surface of the second plate, where particles are mainly deposited. The dependences of the apparatus effi ciency on the width of the slots and their mutual arrangement on the fi rst and second plates, the combination of which provides a mode of increased coagulation and high effi - ciency of particle capture by the apparatus, are revealed.
TREATMENT OF URBAN WASTE WATER FROM IONS OF HEAVY METALS BY USING NEW SORPTION MATERIAL
Authors: PANFILOVA Olga N.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of experiments on the removal of heavy metal ions from urban wastewater with a new sorbent -based on clay. The work was carried out in an experimental reactor (SBR) in three modes: bio-sorption treatment; sorption purifi cation; and evaluating the eff ect of the coagulant on the eff ectiveness of sorption purifi cation. The dose of sorbent used in the aeration tank to achieve standards for heavy metal ions was 10 g / l. When using the proposed sorbent in sorption purifi cation the dose of the sorbent was decreased to 1 g / l. The introduction of a coagulant with a dose of 6-8 mg / l for iron (III) had a positive eff ect on the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, aluminum and phosphates, but increased the concentration of iron in purifi ed water. The new sorbent is recommended for deep treatment of industrial wastewater with higher initial concentrations.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF WATER SUPPLY AND WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Authors: TEPLYKH Svetlana Yu. , BOCHKOV Dmitriy S. , VESELOVA Mariya V.
Published: September 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of the features of mathematical modeling of water supply and sanitation systems. These systems are complex systems consisting of branched pipeline networks, structures, installations and equipment. In this case, the work of all elements must be linked to each other. This task is very diffi cult due to the presence of a large number of parameters and technological processes occurring in water supply and sanitation systems. Therefore, in practice, diff erent types of modeling, including mathematical, are used to solve these problems.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS EVOLUTION IN TERMS OF COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE DISCHARGED INTO SURFACE WATER BODIES
Authors: SHUVALOV Mikhail V.
Published: September 2020

Information on the main normative documents on wastewater discharge into surface water bodies adopted in Russia, Europe and the USA is given. The information on normalization of composition and properties of waste water discharged into surface water bodies is summarized. The system of sewage discharge rationing, operating in Russia from 1947 to 2019, formed the establishment of maximum permissible concentrations for the majority of pollutants at the level of technically unatt ainable concentrations. Implementation of normative documents of ITG (information technology guide) 10- 2019 and «Rules for att ributing water bodies to categories of water bodies to establish technological indicators of BAT (Best Available Technology)...». (2019) is the next stage of practical actions to radically change the normalization of wastewater discharge into water bodies in Russia.
APPLICATION OF LIGHT-CONCRETE ENCLOSING STRUCTURES TO INCREASE RESIDENTIAL COMFORT
Authors: ZHIGULINA Anna Y. , CHIKNOVORYAN Alexandr G. , MIZURIAEV Sergey A.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the justifi cation of the use of light concrete for the production of enclosing structures that create a comfortable microclimate in the premises. Ways to expand the scope of light concrete application by introducing a material of a fused structure without a fi ne aggregate are proposed. The article substantiates the scientifi c hypothesis that the use of various types of air-entrapping surfactants will create a promising material, the numerous advantages of which allow us to consider it a worthy alternative to multilayer structures.
INFLUENCE OF THE EFFECT OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND ON THE CITIES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SHUKUROV Ilkhomzhon S. , LE Minh Tuan , SHUKUROVA Lola Il. , DMITRIEVA Alesadra D.
Published: September 2020

The result of the action of the urban heat island on the layout of the city of Hanoi is considered. It is stated that the formation and development of sustainable urban development creates optimal conditions for the life and work of citizens, is a guarantee of safety and comfortable living, and guards the natural environment. In a scientifi c study, such a remote sensing method was used as a means of analyzing the surface temperature in a city with environmental problems due to the eff ect of the “urban heat island” (UHI. The analysis was performed using satellite images Landsat-5, Landsat-7, Landsat-8. This study confi rmed the existence of the urban heat island eff ect in the center of Hanoi and examined the role of city confi guration on a macro scale. The effi ciency of using green spaces on the roofs of megacities is estimated. It is emphasized that thanks to the transpiration process, green spaces contribute to reducing the negative eff ects of UHI and gas contamination. It is established that the use in the city’s architecture of light surfaces of buildings and planes (roads, sidewalks, platforms) favorably aff ects the mesoclimate, performing the cooling function. At the macro level, the orderly introduction of green spaces in large cities helps to resolve serious environmental problems such as global warming and the greenhouse eff ect.
Design and Implementation of A Test Device for Determining the Capacity of Industrial Battery Banks
Authors: ZÜREY Zeki , SABANCI Kadir , BALCI Selami
Published: September 2020

In this study, a test device is developed to measure the capacities and performances of high capacity battery banks and to detect broken cells. Through this test device, the instant capacity of the battery banks is measured. Based on the data obtained, both quantitative information about the health of the battery bank is provided and it is determined whether the battery bank will meet the need according to its intended use. In addition, battery banks can be divided into small groups and their measurements can be made so that broken cells can be detected.
Cysts and cystomas of the ovary
Authors: Slaviansky K. F.
Published: September 2020

Both the methods of objective research and the results obtained by them, with cysts and cystomas of the ovary, seem to be very different, depending on the size that the tumor has reached. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it is very convenient to divide tumors into 3 categories of their sizes: 1) cysts of small volume, still located in the pelvic cavity, 2) larger tumors, which have already left it and are located in the abdominal cavity above the entrance to the pelvis, and their size does not exceed that of a pregnant uterus of six months and, finally, 3) cysts the size of a pregnant uterus on demolitions and even larger, reaching colossal sizes, displacing and squeezing all the abdominal insides to an extreme degree.
THE CASE OF RUPTURE OF THE VIRGIN HIM DURING LABOR
Authors: Massen V. N.
Published: September 2020

Cases of violation of the integrity of the hymen, occurring sub partu, are not rare. If hymen, damaged sub primo coitu, turns out to be completely intact by the beginning of labor attempts, then in most cases, with the normal structure of the tissues that make up its composition, it is known to break in different places of its free edge and form more or less large flaps. These flaps, having undergone an inevitable birth trauma, soaked in the blood that has poured into their tissue, often die, eventually taking the form of ordinary carunculae mirtiformes. These carunculae mirtiformes are, according to the opinion of most authors, only after childbirth, and therefore have a certain importance in solving well-known forensic issues.
OBSTETRIC-GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY IN ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: Ott L. O.
Published: September 2020

Honorary members were present: A. Ya. Krassovskiy and K. F. Slavyanskiy, members - Baikov, Baskin, Batsevich, Bidder, Brandt, Bulilovskiy K.A., Vasten, Vertsinskiy, Viridarskiy, Volovskiy, Vorobiev, Hermonius, Goraiskiy, Grinev, Danilovich, Dobradin, Dobrovolskiy V.N., Dranitsyn, Zabolotskiy, Zamshin, Inoevs, Kakushkin, Kireev, Kreutzer, Lichkus, Lopatinskiy, Martsynkevich, Maslovskiy V.F., Massen, Mersh, Mironov, Petrov, Piotrovich, Potebnov, Porshnyakov, Rachinskiy, Rodzevich, Ruzi, Runge, Rutkovskiy, Savchenko, Sadovskiy, Salmanov, Serezhnikov, Smolenskiy, Soloviev A.S., Stravinskiy, Strogonov, Sutugin, Tarnovskiy, Urvich, Fisher A.R., Fisher B.A., Frank, Fratkin, Tsyrskiy. Chagin, Chernyshev, Schmidt, Stolts, Eberman, Eikhfus, Yanpolskiy and others; guests: M. A. Solskaya, M. N. Nikonov, V. S Kudrin, V. N. Reitz, N. V. Sklifosovsky, I. P. Merzheevsky, V. M. Bekhterev, N. I. Bystrov, F. N. Zavarykin, I. I. Nasilov, I. II. Pavlov, A. F. Prussak, V. A. Ratimov, E. A. Sorokin, M. S. Subbotin, S. V. Shidlovsky, P. I. Gratsiansky, I. A. Maev, V. N. Nikitin, P. Ya. Rosenbakh, A. A. Troyanov, O. A. Chechot, A. V. Yakobson, V. F. Yakubovich and many others.
Adverse Effects of Climate Change in Bangladesh: its Physiological and Economic Impacts
Authors: Jahan Nusrat
Published: September 2020

Rapid changing of climate, the effects of greenhouse and global warming, is an alarming situation of the global map with its adverse effects, sending several countries under the waves. Unfortunately, Bangladesh stands at the peak of climate attacks. The land, water, and weather are being enormously affected by this outbreak of climatic changes. The dangers will intensify, if the precautionary measure is not taken immediately. However, to offset the grave concerns of unintended climatic changes in Bangladesh, there is no any significant initiative is taken. The changes will put its adverse impact on the socio- economic conditions of the country, putting the next generation on the line. Some ominous signs are already there for the concerned to respond with the required amount of fervor.

JEL Classification Code: F64
Prospects of Green Marketing in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study on Green Marketing
Authors: Ehasan Md. Amimul
Published: September 2020

The awareness of environmental degradation has been a long time coming to Bangladesh. In recent years, environmental issues in Bangladesh have received much attention, reflecting rising public concern and awareness of environmental problems. Pressure groups have been campaigning vigorously for the environment and media reporting on environmental issues has increased dramatically. It has also moved up on the agenda in political decision making and numerous laws and regulations were enacted for the protection of environment. Moreover, through the earth summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and its follow-up summits in Berlin in 1995 and in New York in 1997, environmentalists have set targets for international co-operation and action. The paper identifies the particular segments of green consumers and explores the problems and opportunities that the green marketing businesses have in Bangladesh. It also examines the present trends of green marketing in Bangladesh and describes the reason why companies should adopt it. Further, it deals with the future of green marketing and concludes by studying consumer perception regarding green products in Bangladesh and also the business firm’s perception analysis.
Comparison of the Financial Performance between Square Pharmaceuticals Limited and Beximco Pharmaceuticals Limited: DuPont Analysis
Authors: Ahamed Mohammad Jafaur
Published: September 2020

The study attempts to make a comparison of financial strength between Square Pharmaceuticals Limited (SQPL) and Beximco Pharmaceuticals Limited (BXPL) by using the technique of DuPont analysis. Pharmaceuticals are selected here based on a purposive sampling method with the criteria of convenience in annual reports availability. The research is based on secondary data available in annual reports of FY 2018-19 of the selected companies. The study reveals that in comparison with BXPL, SQPL has been utilizing its owners’ funds more profitably, doing operational activities more efficiently, and earning enough returns for its owners. Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd. applies aggressive debt-equity policy, which does not magnify its earnings due to the lack of its sufficient rate of returns in comparison with interest burden, lack of core operational efficiency, and underutilization of resources. At the same time, leverage helps the SQPL to fuel the growth of the business. There is a good thing that the two companies have almost the same amount of tax burden ratio, although EBIT is highly differing between the companies. The study suggests that to achieve a high RoE, Beximco Pharmaceuticals Company must reduce its interest expenses, utilize its full capacities, and increase its assets turnover. Besides, both the pharmaceuticals are suggested to focus on the inflation-adjusted financial items in its annual reports. The study has operated only on DuPont analysis. Thus further research is recommended to conduct focusing on others such as common-size analysis, comparative analysis, trend analysis, and ratio analysis, etc. to investigate the financial health of pharmaceutical companies.
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF ISLAMIC TERMS USED BY ENGLISH LECTURERS IN ENGLISH CONVERSATIONS
Authors: Noviyenty Leffi , Fakhruddin  , Taqiyuddin  , Lian Bukman
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aimed at finding out the Islamic terms used as well as translated by English lecturers in English conversations, the strategies used by English lecturers in translating the Islamic terms in English conversations, the reasons why they use the strategies, and the contexts when they use and translate the Islamic terms in English conversations. Methodology: This research applied a qualitative study by involving seven English lecturers at State Islamic Institute of Curup, Bengkulu, Indonesia. The data were garnered from interviews and observations. The data were analyzed using an interactive model of data analysis. Main Findings: This research has found that the English lecturers used, and to some extent translated nineteen Islamic terms during English conversations. Those terms subsumed Assalammu’alaikum Warahmatullahi wa barakaatuh, InshaAllah, Bismillahirrohmannirrohiiim, Alhamdulillah, Adzan, Aamiiin, Allahuakbar, Haram, Halal, Ka’bah, Munkar, Subhanallah, Al-Qur’an, Iman, Sholat, hajj, Saum, Allah, and Masjidil Haram. Most of the lecturers used borrowed or loan words and general word-use or synonymous word strategies in translating the Islamic terms. There were some reasons for the uses of borrowing or general word-use strategies. For the use of borrowing strategy, the reasons were: first they had limited vocabularies for Islamic terms. Second, they borrowed the Islamic terms because such terms had already been common to be used in their original forms. Third, they lacked of knowledge on the translation of Islamic terms in English. Fourth, they wanted to Maintain Moslem’s identity. Subsequently, for the use of general word-use strategy or synonym, the lecturer applying this strategy had a reason that in English speaking the Islamic terms should be translated into English albeit using words with similar meanings in a general sense. Furthermore, the Islamic terms were mostly used in the classrooms and in the opening as well as closing of teaching and learning processes. Applications of this study: This research will be useful for universities, lecturers, students, and non-native English speakers that are common to be engaged in English conversations framed by Islamic discourses. Novelty/Originality of this study: Many studies as regards the English translation of Islamic terms have been conducted in the field of a written mode of translation. However, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, very few studies have been oriented towards translation strategies of Islamic terms in a spoken mode, or in this regard, English conversations. This case is worth researching, and this research seeks to fulfill this gap.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS’ ADAPTATION TO LEARNING ACTIVITIES: A CASE STUDY OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM
Authors: Van Tuan Pham
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: Adaptation to learning activities plays a very important role and decides the first-year students’ academic results. In order to have appropriate solutions to improve the adaptation to the learning activities of the first-year students, it is necessary to identify the affecting factors. This study investigates the factors affecting adaptation to learning activities of the first-year students of the University of Labor and Social Affairs in Vietnam, thereby finding solutions that improve the adaptation to their learning activities.

Methodology: This study used a quantitative method with primary data through questionnaires distributed to 300 samples of the first-year students of the University of Labor and Social Affairs in Vietnam. The Pearson correlation coefficient test and linear regression are also used to process the research results.

Main Findings: The results of the study indicate that adaptability of students to learning activities affected by many different factors, subjective factors such as motivation, learning methods, and skills, and that there is a great influence on students' adaptation to learning activities.

Applications of this study: The research provides a descriptive picture for the leadership of the University of Labor and Social Affairs to improve the adaptation to learning activities for first-year students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: As far as we are concerned, there is no research on adaptation to the learning activities of the first-year students of the University of Labor and Social Affairs. This work is an attempt to fill in this gap.
INFOGRAPHICS AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPING DISCOURSE COMPETENCE IN THE EAP COURSE
Authors: I. Almazova N. , V. Rubtsova A. , G. Evtushenko T. , Y. Radchenko Y.
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study is to develop a discourse competence in the EAP classroom taking into account learners’ academic knowledge background and cognitive abilities. The use of static data visualization method contributes to the development of students` academic communication skills by through the integration of specialist reading, academic writing and speaking within a project-based learning approach.
Methodology: Within the scope of the experimental project-based learning, we used a productive method of text interpretation through static data visualization. Students have to create an infographic following the proposed algorithm, including four stages necessary and sufficient for developing specific skills as components of a discourse competence.
Main Findings: The experimental results show a significant improvement of such discourse competence indicators as unity and coherence, conciseness and comprehensiveness, and selection and categorisation. This implies that the static data visualization method proves to be effective for developing academic foreign language skills through a guided multi-stage text interpretation.
Applications of this study: The authors conducted a pedagogical experiment within the framework of the discipline “English for Academic Purposes” teaching master students of Applied Mathematics of Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University. The use of the proposed algorithm proves to be effective for teaching English for specific/academic purposes at all non-language faculties.
Novelty of this study: For the first time a proposed static data visualization method was used to integrate students` academic knowledge and cognitive abilities into creating a meaningful project, which required the reasonable choice of source materials in a foreign language, analysing quality and quantity maxims based on previous academic experience but sufficient for the subject matter discussed, and resulted in converting existing knowledge into a new academic product.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BULLYING: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGGRESSIVENESS AND SCHOOL ANXIETY
Authors: Y. Tarasova Sofya
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: Bullying is considered as a form of aggression. As opposed to accidental quarrel or fight, bullying is intentional aggressive behaviour demonstrated regularly. Aggressive actions that teenagers below the age of criminal responsibility take at school cause a public outcry. At the same time, developmental psychologists point out problems of self-esteem and forming self-concept typical of modern 5th and 6th graders. We analyze the relationship between the content of teenagers’ fears, anxiety and aggressiveness.

Methodology: The methodological basis of the research lies both in the concepts of the Buss-Perry psychology of aggression and the psychology of anxiety by А. M. Prikhozhan. Anxiety scale for schoolchildren aged 10—12. Buss-Perry method BPAQ. Perfectionism questionnaire – the Russian version of the АРS-R scale.

Principal Findings: We identified highly isolated students in each class. According to the data of participant observation and teachers’ expert evaluations, they become victims of aggressors as well as those of “observers” who take the position of passive aggressors. The “outcasts” are usually overanxious, demonstrate a high level of hostility and tend to be aggressive in their behaviour. There are good reasons to suppose that they’ll turn into aggressors in the future.

Applications of this study: We developed, tested and implemented a psychological support programme for adolescents and preadolescents. The psychological support programme is aimed at working with both victims and aggressors. Similarly essential is the work with “observers” who take the position of passive aggressors.

 Novelty of this study: According to the results of the research, all members of a social group participate in bullying to different extents. Fears of bullies are related to confirmation of their relatively high status in the social group. Concerns of victims are connected with the financial position of their families.
REALISATION OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR EFL TEACHERS ICT-COMPETENCY FORMATION
Authors: I. Almazova Nadezhda , V. Rubtsova Anna , A. Odinokaya Maria , A. Andreeva Antonina
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The article examines regulatory requirements for the formation of competence in the field of ICT for EFL teachers, declared by UNESCO and the Council of Europe, and ways of their practical implementation. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the methodology for the formation of ICT-competency, developed and implemented by the authors to prepare competent and competitive EFL teachers.
Methodology: A comparative analysis method was selected to compile a review of regulatory documents. Then a critical analysis was used to specify the content and structure of EFL teachers ICT competency and to develop a methodology for the formation of the competency mentioned above. During the experimental training, we used pre-experimental and post-experimental testing for data collection, and statistical analysis methods for pedagogical research.
Main findings: Relying on the analysis of the conducted experimental training data, the authors have concluded that the developed methodology significantly contributes to the formation of the ICT-competency of an EFL teacher. Therefore, we can use the methodology mentioned above as one of the ways of realisation of regulatory documents requirements.
Application of this study: This study can be useful for educational institutions of various levels that prepare EFL teachers and want the graduates to be competent and competitive in today’s labour market. The methodology of ICT-competency formation described in the article can be implemented by those educators, who are looking for a way of practical realisation of the regulatory requirements of EFL teachers ICT-competency.
Novelty of this study: This study has proposed a new methodology of an EFL teacher ICT-competency formation based on today’s most authoritative regulatory documents – UNESCO ICT-Competency Framework for Teachers 2018 edition and Common European Framework of Reference for Languages 2018 edition.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSITION TO ONLINE LEARNING ON THE EXAMPLE OF MOOC PHILOSOPHY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Bylieva Daria , Bekirogullari Zafer , Lobatyuk Victoria , Nam Tatiana
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: The situation of a mass transition of Universities to online education in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to see the challenges of distance e-learning in practice. In this unique situation, the same students studying the same course changed only the form of education, which allows us to see the consequences of such a transition. The purpose of the study is the analysis of changes in students' educational activities in the transition to online learning.

Methodology: The article provides a quantitative statistical analysis of changes in the behaviour of first-year students of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (N=3122) in the framework of studying the mass open online course “Philosophy” on the platform open.edu when switching to fully e-learning in March 2020. The authors have applied data mining MOOCs from students’ learning portfolios.

Main Findings: Existing technological solutions and educational technologies made it possible to quickly adapt the education system to the distance format. However, the transition to fully e-learning has led to a sharp increase (by 16-17%) in the number of students who do not participate in intermediate tests and not doing homework in the e-course and later did not return to normal learning.

Applications of this study: Since modern higher education is increasingly using e-learning, it is necessary to anticipate the consequences of the implementation of e-learning. The study helps to see general trends in this area.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study provides an analysis of students’ learning when switching to online education based on data taken directly from students’ learning portfolios, which allows us to see a completely objective picture of changes in students' behaviour.
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC ACCREDITATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE EDUCATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Demidov Vladimir , Mokhorov Dmitriy , Mokhorova Anna , Semenova Kristina
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the study: This article aims to examine professional public accreditation of educational programs as a means of ensuring that higher education remains relevant to the current socio-economic public needs in the context of shifting requirements of the labour market, digitalization of most areas of life, and new challenges in technical and technological development.
Methodology: The methodological approaches to the examined phenomenon were different, which made it possible to comprehensively assess professional public accreditation of educational programs as a crucial element of independent assessment of education quality. A systems approach views professional public accreditation of educational programs as a set of measures. They aim to ensure the compliance of educational programs with the requirements of professional standards and employers' expectations.
Principal Findings: the result of the study is the established need to develop professional public accreditation of educational programs in the system of independent assessment of education quality, which would make it possible to estimate the significant characteristics of an educational program and to determine whether its implementation in a specific timespan is necessary.
Applications of this study: this study can contribute to the development of the specific practices of professional public accreditation of educational programs, and it can facilitate the development of the legal, theoretical, and organizational foundations of this type of public activity.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: We made an attempt to analyse the role of professional public accreditation of educational programs in the system of higher education quality assessment. We studied its advantages and disadvantages, differences from other accreditation procedures, and we suggested the directions of its improvement taking into consideration the current legislation, interests of education organizations, students, their representatives, and employers.