bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neformalni negovatelji starijih u Srbiji – ka prepoznavanju formalnog statusa?
Authors: Sjeničić Marta , Milenković Marko , Nikollić Popadić Sofija
Published: March 2024

Neformalni negovatelj je svaka osoba koja pruža negu – obično bez naknade – drugoj osobi sa hroničnom bolešću, invaliditetom ili drugom potrebom za dugotrajnom negom. Neformalni negovatelji su potpuno neprepoznati u pravnom sistemu Republike Srbije. Shodno tome, u Srbiji ne postoje zvanični podaci o broju neformalnih negovatelja. Postoje brojni aspekti neformalne brige koji predstavljaju izazov. Narušena ravnoteža između poslovnog i privatnog života može uticati na sposobnost neformalnih negovatelja da učestvuju na tržištu rada i održavaju društvene kontakte. Ovo može dalje dovesti do socijalne isključenosti i rizika od siromaštva. Konačno, zdravlje i dobrobit neformalnih negovatelja takođe mogu biti pogođeni. COVID-19 kriza dodatno je  razotkrila fundamentalne nedostatke u sistemu zbrinjavanja starijih osoba i slabosti u regulisanju pružanja neformalne nege. Koristeći ograničene raspoložive podatke o neformalnoj nezi u Srbiji, komparativne podatke i primere o položaju neformalnih negovatelja, članak nastoji da prevashodno doprinese otvaranju društvene debate o položaju neformalnih negovatelja, potencijalnoj formalizaciji njihovog položaja i ponudi preporuke za unapređenje položaja, a pre svega kada se radi o nezi starije populacije.
Workshop Penerapan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Ptk) Berbasis Lesson Study Di SD Negeri 10 Rappang
Authors: Hermansyah Sam , M Usman , R Kasau M. Nurzin
Published: March 2024

The objectives of this activity are 1) to provide a correct understanding regarding the implementation of Lesson Study-based Classroom Action Research, 2) to help teachers identify learning problems that can be corrected by implementing Lesson Study-based Classroom Action Research. This service activity is delivered using lecture, question and answer, discussion and performance methods during lesson study-based PTK workshops, resulting in problem identification that focuses on the background of the problem and a research title that is appropriate to the problem identified. Several things that can be followed up from this service activity are that lesson study based PTK activities should be carried out continuously and continuously with intensive assistance from the lecturer (service team) so that the activity is not finished during the workshop; as a form of follow-up to the workshop activities themselves; routine measurements are needed to determine the impact of LS-based PTK activities on solving various problems found during the workshop; The implementation of lesson study can be successful if the teacher carries out and practices as well as implements in his class all the lesson study programs that have been followed in MGMP and workshops; The role of the principal himself is to give permission for teachers to take part in MGMP activities, to control the presence of teachers in MGMP, to provide input during reflection, and especially the role of the principal to provide funds for the implementation of the Lesson Study program.
Pendampingan Membaca Al-Qur’an Dengan Tema Sehari Mengenal Lebih Dekat Bersama Al-Qur’an
Authors: Noviyani Rafiqa , Octarina Rizqa
Published: March 2024

The problem of this discussion is the low ability to read the Qur'an at MDA Nurul Hikmah Simpang Tonang and can be said to be not fluent. While the spirit and ability to memorize were found to be very good. Based on preliminary observational data, it was found that ten of the memorizers of the Qur'an only four can be said to be good at reading the Qur'an according to the law of tajweed. The purpose of this study is to guide Qur'an memorizers in reading the Qur'an correctly and precisely according to the makharijul letters and the science of tajweed. The research method is studied based on descriptive qualitative research starting from observation and lectures to find out the initial ability as a whole and provide motivation, the tahsin and talqin methods as reading reinforcement and trial and error methods in order to find out the final ability of material delivery and can form a group in understanding the law of tajweed at MDA Nurul Hikmah Simpang Tonang, West Pasaman Regency. The results of this activity show that: 1) there is a significant relationship in the success of reading the Qur'an according to the rules of tajweed to the fluency and enthusiasm of memorizing the Qur'an and it takes a trial and errol method as an acceleration of the ability to understand the laws of tajweed. Of the 18 MDA participants, it was found that 11 children could read the Qur'an better with the provision of accuracy of letters and tajweed knowledge. 2) the method and strategy of delivering the law of tajweed according to the short and long vowels of 2, 4, 5, and 6 vowels emitted from the level of humming, and the level of buzzing and vagueness can stimulate the ability to read the Qur'an faster and better than before for the memorization of the Qur'an.
Comedy against socialist realism in Georgian theater performances of the twentieth century
Authors: Tsiphuria Lela
Published: March 2024

Since the establishment of the professional theater, about half of the repertoire of Georgian theaters has been comedies. The production of plays by Carlo Goldoni and Carlo Gozzi, brilliant representatives of Italian dramaturgy, was considered appropriate by any censor at every stage of Georgian theater history. With an observation of the Italian and Georgian peoples, many common features can be discovered. Southern temperament, emotions, expressive manners. Because of these similarities in characters, the Georgian audience loves Italian plays and especially Italian comedies. The period of Goldoni staging in Rustaveli theatre was a very tragic time in the history of Georgia. In 1936, when Dimitri Aleksidze staged “The Mistress of the Inn,” was the beginning of the period of Soviet repressions in all Soviet Union. The culmination of these tragic years was 1937: the sequences of violence, most of the Georgian intellectuals were executed. And it may seem strange, that Rustaveli Theater had been busy with comedy performing. However, in fact, it was a way of survival. The play becomes the hope of Georgian public, that normal life will return in Georgia and laugh, something very natural for humanity, will save their homeland.
Putin’s “Ukraine”. A Brief History of a Disastrous Obsession
Authors: Riabchuk Mykola
Published: March 2024

The article examines ideological sources of Putin’s “Ukraine obsession” and argues that it is deeply rooted in Russian culture, history and some formative peculiarities of Russian (imperial) identity. The translation of those perverse views into practical politics of the Russian government vis-à-vis Ukraine is explored in the second part of the article. It traces Putin’s words and deeds in regard of Ukraine since his ascendance of power in the late 1990s till present, and contends that a great deal of troubles with today’s Russia could have been avoided should Russian mental pathologies were properly recognized and Putin’s political recklessness was properly addressed at the earliest stages.
Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany in 1945–1952
Authors: Ilyina Anastasiya
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the life of Belarusians in camps for displaced persons in West Germany, mainly in the British and American occupation zones. The period of “waiting” for further fate and departure to new countries and continents was characterized by another impetus for the Belarusians which, not surprisingly turned out to be a nation-building one. In Belarusian camps, perhaps even following the example of other national camps, there was schooling in the national language, active social and political life, and even religion. It was several years of Belarusians living in camps for displaced persons that became another stage in the existence of the Belarusian Autocephalous Church, which continues to exist in Belarusian diasporas around the world to this day. Printing numerous periodicals and public-political polemics in their columns, an active scouting movement, holding theatrical productions and secular events, creating professional unions - this is evidence that Belarusians held on to their identity, developed social ties that were active in new places throughout their lives. The camps were financial taken care of and control by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administrations (UNRRA). From 1 July 1947, the International Refugees Organization (IRO) but several years without ideological oppression and the imposition of someone else’s identity made it clear that Belarusians were able to independently expand their own cultural space.
PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA NO ÂMBITO DOS TESTES REALIZADOS EM ANIMAIS
Authors: MARTINS COIMBRA VITÓRIA , VIDRIH FERREIRA GABRIEL LUIS BONORA
Published: March 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa é buscar explicar como funcionam os testes laboratoriais em animais e quais as leis que definem os limites legais de tal prática. Para tanto, será feita uma análise histórica acerca da legislação de proteção aos animais, realizando uma abordagem do ponto de vista da bioética. Além disso, serão tratadas as principais leis brasileiras que buscam minimizar tal situação de maus tratos e crueldade com os animais, bem como uma análise comparativa entre a legislação brasileira e a internacional. Será dado ênfase em como a indústria cosmética realiza seus testes com animais, demonstrando a realidade por trás dos produtos desenvolvidos por meio da descrição dos métodos utilizados em seus testes, e serão apresentados métodos alternativos para o fim dos testes em animais. A metodologia utilizada será o método dedutivo com pesquisa teórica e qualitativa. Ao fim deste trabalho, compreende-se que a principal questão que impede a eficácia das leis é a falta de fiscalização e sanções mais punitivas.
INSTITUTO DA ADOÇÃO
Authors: BARBOSA ISABELLI CRISTINE , LIMA SIQUEIRA ALEXANDRE
Published: March 2024

A presente pesquisa pretende analisar o instituto da adoção em relação aos desafios enfrentados por crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica através do levantamento de dados encontrados em livros das áreas do Direito, artigos, revistas científicas e dados estatísticos, a fim de realizar uma leitura sistemática para a fundamentação teórica do estudo. Nesse sentido, serão tratados o conceito do instituto da adoção, a sua a evolução histórica legislativa, seus requisitos legais, além da inclusão de seus direitos no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, ressaltando a legislação referente ao Código Civil de 2002, a Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei nº 8.069/90, a Lei n°. 12.010/2009 e a Lei n° 12.955/14. Ademais, destaca-se a realidade vivenciada pelas crianças e adolescentes com deficiência nos lares adotivos e também a busca por um núcleo familiar que aceite o seu perfil. Desse modo, através da pesquisa é possível compreender o que é importante e necessário para que haja a superação desses desafios, sendo de fundamental importância o auxílio dos grupos de apoio, as políticas públicas, bem como as alterações legislativas desenvolvidas para melhorar e viabilizar o processo de adoção especial, de forma a garantir o direito a convivência familiar e comunitária do infante.
Understanding the Influence of Trust as Knowledge Management Enabler on Organizational Effectiveness Through Organizational Culture: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Barkat Barkat , Noureen Ghazala
Published: March 2024

The current study examines the influence of trust as knowledge management enabler on organizational effectiveness via organizational culture. The study collected quantitative data from the 487 teaching and non- teaching faculty working in public sector universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Analysing the data using structural equation modeling in Mpus (8.10), the study found that all the proposed hypotheses were supported. The study extends literature on different streams such as knowledge management enablers, organizational culture and organizational effectiveness and offers valuable practical insights for policy makers and university management to effectively create, disseminate and manage knowledge.
Doświadczanie inkluzji społecznej przez osoby z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną we wczesnej dorosłości
Authors: Korzeniowska Regina
Published: March 2024

W opracowaniu podjęto problematykę społecznej inkluzji we własnych doświadczeniach osób z lekką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną we wczesnej dorosłości. Teoretyczną podstawą niniejszych badań były dotychczasowe rozważania naukowe w obszarze psychospołecznego funkcjonowania dorosłych osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim, badania nad zagadnieniami inkluzji społecznej tej grupy osób, a także ekologiczny model inkluzji społecznej w sferach indywidualnej, interpersonalnej, organizacyjnej, społecznej oraz społeczno-politycznej. Osobiste doświadczenia osób uczestniczących w badaniach poddawano analizie oraz interpretacji z zastosowaniem ww. modelu inkluzji w oparciu o podejście fenomenologiczno-hermeneutyczne. Badania zwieńczono propozycjami rekomendacji, które można wykorzystać w praktyce pedagogicznej.
Ewakuacja osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo – ryzyka i zagrożenia
Authors: Mikołajczyk Łukasz
Published: March 2024

W sytuacji wymuszonej ewakuacji osoby niepełnosprawne ruchowo są zmuszone do korzystania z pomocy innych, a także niezbędne jest dla nich właściwe przygotowanie dróg ewakuacyjnych, a szerzej – w ogóle sposobów i zasad ewakuacji. Osoby niepełnosprawne w czasie wymuszonej ewakuacji podlegają rozmaitym ryzykom, które powinny być zminimalizowane na poziomie systemowym. Autor przedstawia najważniejsze zagadnienia wymuszające ewakuację i ocenia aktualnie istniejące zagrożenia i ryzyka przy ewakuacji osób niepełnosprawnych ruchowo oraz proponuje zmiany, które należy wprowadzić, żeby ulepszyć system ewakuacyjny, szczególnie w zakresie obiektów ochrony zdrowia.
El iknal en Marx y el tsikbal de los Mayas: Justicia climática y la ecología moral en la Selva May
Authors:   University of Massachusetts Boston, Martínez Reyes José Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Este capítulo se centra en tsikbal maya, es decir, en las explicaciones culturales, ecológicas y religiosas mayas de la actual crisis climática del Antropoceno y la crisis de la agricultura tradicional, que están ligadas a la historia colonial y poscolonial. Los desafíos a las prácticas culturales mayas como resultado de la privatización y desposesión de la tierra ejidal como proceso de acumulación originaria se tratan aquí como fundamentales en la defensa de la ecología moral de la selva maya. Es por esto que utilizamos la crítica ecológica de Marx como omnipresente y utilizamos el concepto maya de iknal para explicar porque su crítica aún tiene relevancia. Los desafíos de la selva maya deben abordarse dentro de un espacio radical, si los mayas tienen alguna esperanza de lograr justicia climática y ecológica.
Chichan Tsikbal. Xocenpich, memoria sobre la microhistoria de un pueblo evanescente
Authors:   Instituto Nacional Electoral, Franco Moo José Crisanto
Published: March 2024

Xocenpich es un actor histórico pequeño y desconocido para muchos. Su existencia en los relatos históricos ha sido intermitente y supeditada a la construcción de ciertos cuerpos de conocimiento de las ciencias sociales, impulsadas en la academia estadounidense de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Desde luego que es un actor con historicidad propia, sin embargo, se le ha pensado y llevado a registro historiográfico desde una perspectiva utilitaria en donde la existencia se hace visible mediada por fines pragmáticos. Voluntades de poder que en su mayoría se circunscribieron en los discursos evolucionista, positivista y eugenésico predominantes hasta la década de 1940. Desde luego que la existencia de Xocenpich es real, tanto así que ha dejado numerosas pistas para que la memoria pueda reinterpretar y reescribir el pasado. Una microhistoria que sea centro y no periferia.
Sustentos para crear un programa educativo de diplomado en mercadotecnia desde la propuesta curricular de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Estrada Eslava Edgar , Ibarra López Fidel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Vázquez Rueda Leonardo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Oleta Luna Mirna Sulema ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Virgen Anguiano Luis Manuel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, García Eslava Ana Paola
Published: March 2024

Esta obra trata de aportar elementos para la creación de un programa de estudios de educación continua para la disciplina de la mercadotecnia. Se aborda desde el análisis de las teorías de diseño curricular, específicamente la etapa de fundamentación como eje de partida y generadora de sustentos para la propuesta que está orientada a la realidad que representa la Facultad de Ciencias Económico Administrativas de Mazatlán (FACEAM) de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS).
Anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN)
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Lozanoff Scott
Published: March 2024

The anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN) is a branch of the infraorbital nerve. Only few studies have morphometrically evaluated the course of the ASAN. Midfacial segments of ten hemisectioned fresh adult cadaver heads were dissected to uncover the anterior wall of the maxilla. Specimens were subsequently decalcified and the bone overlying the ASAN was removed under a microscope to expose the ASAN. Its branching pattern from the infraorbital nerve was recorded, and the course of the ASAN within the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was morphometrically assessed measuring distances to predefined landmarks using a digital caliper. A distinct ASAN was observed in all specimens. It arose lateral (six cases) or inferior (four cases) from the infraorbital nerve. The point of origin was located at a mean distance of 12.2 ± 5.79 mm posterior to the infraorbital foramen. The ASAN was located on average 2.8 ± 5.13 mm lateral to the infraorbital foramen. After coursing medially, the ASAN ran inferior to the foramen at a mean distance of 5.5 ± 3.07 mm. When approaching the nasal aperture, the loop of the ASAN was on average 13.6 ± 3.07 mm above the nasal floor. The horizontal mean distance from the ASAN to the nasal aperture was 4.3 ± 2.74 mm halfway down from the loop, and 3.3 ± 2.60 mm at the floor of the nose, respectively. In conclusion, the present study evaluated the course of the ASAN relative to the infraorbital foramen and nasal aperture. This information is helpful to avoid damage to this anatomical structure during interventions in the infraobrital region of the maxilla. Further, knowledge of the course of the ASAN and of its bony correlate (canalis sinuosus) may be valuable in interpreting anesthetic or radiologic findings in the anterior maxilla.
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the management of root caries in elders
Authors: Grandjean Marie-Laure , Maccarone Nadia R. , McKenna Gerald , Müller Frauke , Srinivasan Murali
Published: March 2024

This systematic review was undertaken to address the PICO question: Is silver diamine fluoride (SDF) effective in preventing and arresting root caries lesions in (RCLs) elders? Systematic literature searches were conducted of electronic databases [PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials)] and hand searches were performed to identify studies reporting on the use of SDF in elders to prevent and arrest root caries. Prospective clinical studies were included. Two independent investigators performed the literature search and data extraction. A total of 277 studies were identified; of those 3 randomized controlled clinical trials were included for data extraction and analysis. A meta-analysis, using a fixed-effects model, was performed on the mean active RCLs present after SDF intervention compared to controls at 24 months (3 studies), and 30-36 months (2 studies) post-intervention. The fixed-effects model revealed a significant decrease in the mean new active RCLs post intervention with SDF compared to controls at both 24 months (95%CI: 0.265 - 0.638; I2=0.0%; Overall: Z=4.749, p<0.001), and at 30-36 months (95%CI: 0.329 - 0.812; I2=0.0%; Overall: Z=4.629, p<0.001). A funnel plot ruled out any publication bias and the risk of bias was judged to be low. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that the application of silver diamine fluoride prevents and arrests root caries in elders.
The impact of the big data analytics on the Asian firms in Digital technology industry: The moderating role of Knowledge management
Authors: Shafaq Arif Chaudhry
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of big data analytics on the performance of companies in Asia's digital technology industry, as well as the role that knowledge management plays in influencing that impact. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology and collects data from a number of regional firms. According to the findings, big data analytics have a favorable effect on corporate performance in the digital technology industry, and the adoption of efficient knowledge management systems strengthens this connection. In addition, the study found that knowledge management functions as a moderator between big data analytics and business performance. This highlights how important it is to effectively manage knowledge in order to use big data analytics to enhance company performance. The findings have significance for regional managers and policymakers, underlining the need to invest in big data analytics and knowledge management to increase business performance in the digital technology industry. This study contributes to our comprehension of the role that big data analytics and knowledge management play in enhancing the performance of Asian companies in the digital technology sector. In conclusion, the findings show that regional companies may benefit from a strategic approach to knowledge management in order to optimize the positive impact of big data analytics on their overall performance
Big Data Analytics Technology Adoption in Kenya Insurance Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Saeed Maryam , Arshed Noman
Published: March 2024

The insurance concept was found numerous centuries Before Christ (BC). Correspondingly, Chinese and Babylonian traders practised moving or dispensing risks in 2nd and 3rd millennia BC. Nowadays, insurance is the backbone of the economy but developing economies face challenges in increasing its penetration. The recent introduction of Big Data, IoT and InsurTech led to the fourth industrial revolution in insurance in the developed world. This study explores the challenges and solutions in adopting big data analytics to increase insurance penetration in Kenya. This study applied a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to extract the themes/variables relating to challenges and solutions in adopting big data analytics in Kenya's insurance sector. Several keywords were used to search for relevant literature from Google Scholar. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the filtered studies were explored.  This study listed several challenges and solutions to adopting big data analytics in the Kenya insurance industry. Policymakers could adapt to the suggestions to improve the service delivery insurance sector.
Blockchain-Based Fintech Architecture for Enhanced Interoperability in Health Insurance
Authors: Shaikh Zia Ahmed , Khoumbati Khalil-Ur-Rahmen , Memon Shahzad Ahmed , Dhomeja Lachhman Das , Dahri Kamran
Published: March 2024

Health Insurances play vital role in one’s life to bear costly medical services and delays in payments from insurer to service providers causes chaotic to insureds seeking immediate treatment for their diseases. Almost every stakeholder in this ecosystem is equipped with his own significantly efficient independent information systems usually known as Management Information Systems (MIS) which most of the times remain sufficient for their internal business needs but apart from so much technical advancements, the inter-communication of these stakeholders for up-to-date status of insurer, insured, and health service provider is still missing in various scenarios which causes distress to all stakeholders and patients.  In this paper, we have proposed a Blockchain based data sharing solution among all the stakeholders to fast up the processes and smoothness of network along with a concept of Insurance e-Wallet for insured entities where they can have summary of all their purchased Insurance plans, their processed or pending claims, remaining limits, and upcoming changes in their policies from insurance vendors. Apart from interoperability, the second most important aspect this architecture addresses the avoiding of redundant paper work that every stakeholder manages to maintain their day-to-day activity records, these are almost the same set of documents regarding an insurance claim that a service provider, insurer, and a patient maintains. To avoid this redundancy, we made use of IPFS as the decentralized repository for such documents which makes Blockchain solution cost effective and light weight as just the reference or the hash ID is put in Blockchain instead of whole document in binary format. A prototype is developed based on suggested architecture and two experiments are performed on implemented prototype, first one for measuring expected growth rate of Blockchain based on routine appendment of data and second for measuring document access time required to access files from IPFS server. Lastly the paper concludes with some prominent implementation challenges that stakeholders may face during Blockchain ’s implementation to achieve transformation in this industry.
Investigating The Content Validity of An Iot-Acceptance Survey Instrument in Higher Education: A Study in The Context of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Jamali Anees Muhammad , Chandio Shahmurad , Maree Mujeeb ur Rahman
Published: March 2024

In the realm of educational research, this study embarks on a pivotal exploration into the acceptance of the Internet of Things (IoT) by students in their learning environment. Recognizing the indispensable role of content validity in ensuring the robustness of measurement tools, particularly in the context of questionnaire development, this research meticulously employed a systematic approach guided by evidence and best practices. Drawing inspiration from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT 2) model, our aim was to bridge a critical gap in the existing body of knowledge. IoT, a cornerstone in Higher Education Institutes (HEIs), prompted the development of a sophisticated educational acceptance instrument. However, prior to embarking on the pilot study phase, our focus turned to the intricate process of content validation. Six esteemed experts were judiciously selected to form our expert panel, each bringing a wealth of experience and knowledge to the evaluation. Employing the Expert Panel Rating Chart (EPRC), their invaluable insights were systematically incorporated, utilizing both item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI). The outcomes not only met but exceeded the established thresholds of acceptability, affirming the content validity of our instrument. The significance of this meticulous content validation process cannot be overstated. It serves as the bedrock upon which the reliability and validity of our educational acceptance instrument rest. As latent variables and study items underwent meticulous scrutiny and refinement, the resultant instrument emerged as a beacon of precision, ready to navigate the uncharted waters of assessing students' acceptance levels of IoT in their academic journey. In essence, this research underscores the paramount importance of content validity in the development of assessment tools, offering a methodologically robust approach anchored in evidence and best practices. The validated UTAUT2-based acceptance instrument now stands poised to contribute significantly to future studies, unraveling the intricate dynamics of IoT acceptance and its applications in the realm of university education.
Utilization of New Methods for Antibody Drug Conjugates: Research Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Guo Xiaorui
Published: March 2024

Cancer has become an obvious health problem and scientists focus on this to help the problem. Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) has been considered as an efficient way to treat cancer. There are already many ways to produce ADC, but traditional methods need long and complicated biochemical process. Synthesis methods with high efficiency need to be found. This article aimed to describe three new methods for ADC synthesis, and it came out that all these three methods have high quality and can be used as a common technology to produce ADC. Also, the safety of ADC and several examples of clinical use for ADC were introduced. It provides a reference for ADC synthesis in a relatively simple chemical process for future research. However, there are still some chemical problems that have not been solved, such as azide derivatives are not easy to obtain and they are not stable enough. Future research can focus on the properties of azide derivatives direction.
Three-Dimensional Genomics: A New Perspective and Therapeutic Strategies in Prostate Cancer Research
Authors: Sun Yixiang
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer (PC) poses significant health risks to men globally. Enhancing our understanding of prostate cancer biology is crucial for facilitating early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. A multitude of high-throughput sequencing studies, encompassing whole genome resequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and genome-wide association studies, have unearthed vital point mutations, structural variations, and epigenomic alterations linked to prostate cancer. These findings have significantly enriched our knowledge of the genomic framework for prostate cancer. Still, these investigations have predominantly centered on the one- or two-dimensional landscape of the genome. Research in three-dimensional genomics underscores the critical role of the genome's three-dimensional spatial structure in maintaining normal cellular functions. Additionally, it demonstrates that dysregulation of key genes in numerous cancers relates to the chromatin's spatial organization across various levels. This article explores the intricate three-dimensional architecture of chromosomes. It outlines the progressive development of techniques used in three-dimensional genomic research and synthesizes the application of these techniques in the study of prostate cancer biology. Furthermore, it proposes potential therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
Research Progress of the Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Qian Siyuan
Published: March 2024

Cancer drug resistance is one of the reasons why cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases. Many drugs show initial efficacy in treatment but fail to exert their effects due to various mechanisms, which is particularly evident in immunotherapy. Currently, research is ongoing on anti-resistance drugs that target immune suppression, mutations, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the current immunotherapy approaches have not yielded satisfactory results, with most patients developing long-term resistance or the drugs themselves not being ideal for clinical use. This article reviews the causes of resistance and common immunotherapies along with their associated anti-resistance strategies. It is found that the clinical efficacy of anti-resistance drugs and long-term survival rates for patients are not ideal. Future research should focus on improving individual and cooperative effects of cytokine therapy, CAR-T cell therapy, ICI, and combination therapies to avoid the development of secondary resistance. The role of cytotoxicity, as one of the most significant treatment barriers, should also be investigated. Many anti-resistance drugs are limited in their use due to the damage they cause to normal cell survival and metabolism.
How Light Affects Circadian Rhythm and Mood Regulation
Authors: Fu Juan
Published: March 2024

Light is full of the world and illuminates our lives, and scientists believe that light must play a crucial role in affecting humans either positively or negatively including circadian functions and emotion-related behaviors. Through experiments, researchers have revealed the fact that light can affect humans significantly and the principles behind phenomena of light influencing humans both physically and mentally. This essay focuses on how light works in humans’ circadian rhythm and mood regulation, and how exactly nocturnal light exposure induces depression-like behaviors. Many research results indicate that natural light can help reset circadian rhythm of humans when the normal circadian rhythm is disturbed by trans meridian travel or working during night. Thus, scientific time of light exposure helps to relieve jet-lag symptoms and allows people to have a healthier mental and physical state. Studies by Fernandez D C et al. and An K. et al. are included in this essay to demonstrate the effects of light on mood. Fernandez D C et al. experimentally confirm that PHb (perihabenular nucleus) is necessary in the circuit of light affecting mood through ipRGC which is the only receptor of light input to influence circadian functions of the brain. Subsequently, An K. et al. conducted a series of experiments on mice to investigate the role of a subcortical pathway regulated by circadian rhythms in modulating mood-related behaviors resulted from nighttime light exposure in mice. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the impact of nocturnal light on mood regulation and highlight the importance of considering circadian rhythms in understanding the effects of environmental factors on mental health. Overall, these studies allow more scientists to think about how to employ light as therapy as well as development of new anti-depressants based on the research of the ipRGC circuit.
The utilization of ELISA in early detection of cancer
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyang
Published: March 2024

The early detection of cancer is crucial in improving treatment success rates and survival rates. The primary focus of this research is the application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in early cancer detection, as well as the measurement methods of cancer biomarkers. It can provide an overview of the currently used cancer biomarkers and their application in ELISA. Furthermore, this research will utilize the ELISA technique to determine whether a specific substance can serve as a cancer biomarker, with a particular emphasis on its application in early cancer detection. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant research, this research elucidates the significance of ELISA in the measurement of cancer biomarkers and its potential as a robust cancer screening tool. Finally, this research will highlight the future directions of research, focusing on the implementation of ELISA technology in detecting and identifying a wider range of cancer biomarkers for achieving more accurate early cancer diagnosis.
Clinical application and development of OCT and OCTA in fundus diseases
Authors: Xu Jingru
Published: March 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which uses light wave as the imaging method, is a new medical imaging technology based on optical coherence. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging method gradually emerging in recent years. This technique can detect flowing blood and evaluate tissue morphology by detecting normal flow of red blood cells in blood vessels. Because of the advantages of high resolution, easy operation and three-dimensional imaging, it is widely used in the diagnosis and evaluation of fundus diseases (such as diabetic retinopathy, choroidal neovascularization, retinal vein occlusion, etc.). This article reviews the application status and progress of OCT and OCTA in clinical diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors' challenges, mechanisms and management
Authors: Yin Sijie
Published: March 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the ability of protecting malignant cells from immune destruction—particularly from T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells—is linked to the aetiology of cancer. Malignant cells hold the capacity to activate specific immunological checkpoint pathways that have immunodepressant qualities, which is why immunosuppression is connected to the growth and spread of cancer. Immunotherapy has grown to be a crucial method of therapy for cancer. Immune checkpoint blocking increases anti-tumor immunity by preventing intrinsic down-regulated factors of immunity, like CTLA-4 and PD-1, or PD-L1. Unquestionably, ICIs have advanced the area of cancer immunotherapy. In spite of ICIs' success, various challenges to these drugs, such as resistance and immune side effects, have made treatment difficult. Therefore, more in-depth understanding of the mechanism of ICI treatment and its toxicity is needed. Ultimately, on the basis of these insights, biologists will eventually be able to refine ICIs to achieve longer lasting efficacy and improved security. Here, we review the mechanisms and clinical applications of ICIs, examine the various challenges facing ICIs, including the mechanisms of resistance to treatment and the manifestation of irAEs and explore more sound management measures on this basis.
Application of different methods for cervical cancer detection
Authors: Zhou Xingyu
Published: March 2024

Cervical cancer remains a widespread and challenging malignancy that affects women worldwide and poses significant clinical and public health issues. Since it is difficult to find early cervical lesions in the patient's own state, it is very important to apply appropriate and effective detection and screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. This research investigates the development of cervical cancer and the various subtypes of HPV, which are the primary cause of cervical lesions. Combined with the investigation of the three most common clinical screening methods, including liquid-based thin-layer cell assay (TCT), human papillomavirus detection (HPV) and colposcopy detection operating methods and screening standards, data were used to comprehensively analyze the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of single or combined screening of the three detection methods. This research examines various methods and technologies for cervical cancer screening, with the goal of determining their clinical effectiveness in detecting cervical lesions. Based on screening data, the results are positive and the methods are deemed suitable for early diagnosis of the condition. It is recommended that these screening tools be utilized in a clinical setting.
Research of the Spread of Covid-19 in World Wide and Particular Countries
Authors: Zhu Liqiao , Peng Yifeng , Xie Lancong , Chen Yiwen
Published: March 2024

To understand the spread of COVID-19, the data sets from Google and GitHub are obtained by using Python and R, and ARIMA model is established for prediction. By visualising the data sets, it can be found that the total trend of the COVID-19 is bimodal and reaches its peaks during the winter and spring time in 2022 and 2023, and this may due to the virus activity and government management. When taking into prediction, ARIMA (3,1,3) is the best predict model to forecast the overall spread trend of COVID-19 as the data is not normal distributed since it keeps fluctuating in the P-P plot, and it can be considered as time series, showing a seasonal pattern. This conclusion is drawn by calculating the values of AIC and BIC to see which model has smallest. At the same time, the ACF and PACF index could determine the p and q value in the model. The model can help to predict the spread of similar diseases.
Progress in the Application of Peptide Vaccines in the COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Mengxue
Published: March 2024

A brand-new coronavirus dubbed COVID-19 epidemic broke out in the winter of 2019 and quickly swept the globe. Additionally, the pandemic's high mortality rate and high infection have prompted sustained scientific efforts to treat the illness. Backing the history of the virus, vaccine development is the most effective method to mitigate this urgent public issue. Pharmaceutical firms from nations including China, the United States, and Russia subsequently started doing research on vaccine development. While Pfizer and Monard in the US utilize mRNA genetic vaccines, China uses inactivated vaccines and viral vector vaccines. As a result of the difficult inactivated vaccine manufacture procedure and the issue of toxicity rebound, there is also a chance that genetic vaccines will mate with host genes. It is thought that the creation of peptide vaccines will deal with these two problems. Peptide vaccines are therefore seen to be the safest, and they may be employed not only for preventative immunization but also for the treatment of solid malignancies. Clinical studies for peptide vaccines are underway. But because peptide vaccinations are quickly broken down by cells, their drug carriers play a crucial role as well. This article will outline the selection of the protein sequence for the COVID-19 peptide vaccine as well as the development of its tests.
Outside-in: Overview of Delivery Method in Sirna Therapy
Authors: Yuan Kaijun
Published: March 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a Universal biological system based on double-strand small interference RNA (siRNA). RNAi efficiently inhibit the expression of genes based on a guiding strand. SiRNA can be applied against a broad spectrum of diseases but is limited by insufficient siRNA delivery methods. Delivery of siRNA is a challenging direction of modern molecular biology and pharmacy study; scientists aim to improve the efficiency and accuracy of siRNA-based treatment. Many approaches have been suggested to overcome challenges in effectively and safely delivering siRNA to the necessary tissues, cells, and organisms, Furthermore, endeavors have been concentrated on augmenting the effectiveness of siRNA concerning its stability, activity, specificity, and minimizing side effects. This review overviews the barriers to siRNA entrance and the challenge of siRNA delivery vectors, introduces and categorizes the currently available siRNA delivery systems including conjugate-based vectors, Lipid nanoparticle vectors, and Dendrimer vectors. And discuss the latest progress in the development of siRNA therapy. This review aims to offer a concise overview of the present advancements in siRNA delivery research and suggests potential avenues for future exploration.
Side Effects and Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Li Yichen
Published: March 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is a new type of tumor treatment drug, also known as immunotherapy drug. They target "checkpoint" molecules in the body's immune system that prevent immune cells from attacking cancer cells. They target "checkpoint" molecules in the body's immune system that prevent immune cells from attacking cancer cells. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors can help control or treat certain types of cancer by promoting the restoration of inactivated immune cells and enhancing the immune system's ability to attack. -This article focuses on skin reactions, immune pneumonitis, and adverse reactions in the thyroid and digestive tract. Through the analysis of recent relevant research, this question summarizes several different side effects, their causes and treatments. Although there are many treatments to deal with the side effects of this drug, it is important to note that the side effects of this drug are not always well understood. There are many treatments to deal with the related side effects, these side effects are still a barrier to the current use of ICIs. Future development directions should focus more on the development of ICIs. directions should focus more on the development of new targets, optimization of drug pharmacokinetics, and alleviation of side effects caused by ICIs.
Guide till praktisk examination av praktiska moment: Konstruktiv länkning i praktiken i utbildningen av kadetter och officerare
Authors: Weissmann Mikael
Published: March 2024

Denna guide presenterar en modell som integrerar lärandemål med praktiska läraktiviteter och praktisk examination i utbildningen av kadetter och officerare inom ramen för högskoleutbildning. Syftet är att visa hur man kan uppnå konstruktiv länkning i praktiken vid examination av praktiska moment i utbildningen av kadetter och officerare, utan att äventyra de krav på rättssäkerhet som högskoleexamination ställer, samtidigt som utbildningsmål, pedagogiska aktiviteter och utvärderingsmetoder sammankopplas. Därigenom kan praktisk examination av praktiska moment skräddarsys för de militära yrkenas dynamiska och praktiska karaktär.
Applications, Benefits, and Challenges of Genome Edited Crops
Authors: Evanega Sarah , Brown Zachary , Bubeck David , Falck-Zapeda Jose , Chou Fan-Li , Graham Nathaniel , Karavolias Nicholas , Tripathi Leena , Yerka Melinda , Ertl David
Published: March 2024

The tools of genome editing were described more than a decade ago as promising ways to accelerate crop improvement in addition to applications for human and animal health. Now, a decade later, we are seeing applications of genome editing across a range of different crops and trait combinations that will bring benefits to producers and consumers. Countries around the world are actively engaged in updating regulatory frameworks to govern this new technology adequately. In this paper, we describe recent advances in genome editing tools, review select applications underway, consider the benefits of the technology, and offer a perspective on significant challenges to the success of the use of genome editing. Given an enabling policy environment, genome editing will be an important tool in creating a competitive bioeconomy while addressing major challenges to agriculture and consumers. We offer five recommendations to ensure genome editing in agriculture benefits society
Wearable Tech: From Novelty to Necessity
Authors: Pasupuleti Murali Krishna
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This chapter explores the transformative journey of wearable technology from its origins as innovative gadgets to becoming indispensable tools in our daily lives. It delves into the historical milestones of wearable devices, highlighting how advancements in miniaturization, battery life, and connectivity have propelled these technologies from niche markets to mainstream acceptance. The narrative further explores wearable technology's profound impact on health and fitness, everyday convenience, and personal lifestyle management. It examines the integration of wearables with the Internet of Things (IoT), their role in advancing personal health monitoring, and the potential future developments that promise even deeper integration into our daily routines. Ethical considerations, including data privacy, security, and the digital divide, are discussed to address the challenges posed by these increasingly sophisticated devices. This chapter concludes by reflecting on the societal, health, and lifestyle implications of wearable technology, encouraging a forward-looking perspective on how these innovations will continue to evolve and shape our interaction with technology and each other. Keywords/Index Terms: Wearable Technology,Health and Fitness Monitoring,Internet of Things (IoT),Miniaturization,Battery Life,Connectivity,Digital Health,Smartwatches,Fitness Trackers,Augmented Reality (AR),Data Privacy,Security in Wearables,Digital Divide,Quantified Self,Lifestyle Management,Future of Wearables,Ethical Considerations in Wearables,Personal Health Devices,Technological Evolution and Human-Technology Interaction.