bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Human Activity and Presence on the Behavior of Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in an Urban Tourism Site in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Entezami Mahbod , Mustaqqim Fiqri , Morris Elizabeth , Lim Erin Swee Hua , Prada Joaquín M. , Paramasivam Sharmini Julita
Published: April 2024

The increasing overlap of resources between human and long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) (LTM) populations have escalated human–primate conflict. In Malaysia, LTMs are labeled as a ‘pest’ species due to the macaques’ opportunistic nature. This study investigates the activity budget of LTMs in an urban tourism site and how human activities influence it. Observational data were collected from LTMs daily for a period of four months. The observed behaviors were compared across differing levels of human interaction, between different times of day, and between high, medium, and low human traffic zones. LTMs exhibited varying ecological behavior patterns when observed across zones of differing human traffic, e.g., higher inactivity when human presence is high. More concerning is the impact on these animals’ welfare and group dynamics as the increase in interactions with humans takes place; we noted increased inactivity and reduced intra-group interaction. This study highlights the connection that LTMs make between human activity and sources of anthropogenic food. Only through understanding LTM interaction can the cause for human–primate conflict be better understood, and thus, more sustainable mitigation strategies can be generated.
Analysis of Zinc and Copper Content in Selected Tissues and Organs of Wild Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos L.) in Poland
Authors: Bombik Elżbieta , Bombik Antoni , Pietrzkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

The research material included selected muscles and liver of mallard ducks obtained in two research areas. A total of 28 mallards were obtained for the study—six males and six females from the Siedlce hunting district and eight males and eight females from the Leszno hunting district. Zinc and copper concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). It was concluded from the study that the Leszno hunting district is more polluted than the Siedlce hunting district. Among the examined tissues of mallard ducks from both hunting districts, the highest content of zinc and copper was found in the liver. In this organ, birds shot in the Leszno hunting district were characterized by a significantly higher content of these elements compared to birds shot in the Siedlce hunting area. The significantly higher average zinc and copper concentrations in the liver of mallards harvested in this hunting district may have been influenced by fertilization of crop fields in this area with fertilizers containing these elements and by extraction of ore containing zinc and copper minerals in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District. This is an important problem with regard to the safety of consumers of game meat. It was shown that the tissues of male mallards were characterized by higher average levels of zinc and copper than those of females, but the differences were statistically significant only in the case of the average copper content in the leg muscles.
Sex Differences in Cochlear Transcriptomes in Horseshoe Bats
Authors: Wu Jianyu , Duan Can , Lan Linjing , Chen Wenli , Mao Xiuguang
Published: April 2024

Sexual dimorphism of calls is common in animals, whereas studies on the molecular basis underlying this phenotypic variation are still scarce. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics of cochlea to investigate the sex-related difference in gene expression and alternative splicing in four Rhinolophus taxa. Based on 31 cochlear transcriptomes, we performed differential gene expression (DGE) and alternative splicing (AS) analyses between the sexes in each taxon. Consistent with the degree of difference in the echolocation pulse frequency between the sexes across the four taxa, we identified the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternatively spliced genes (ASGs) in R. sinicus. However, we also detected multiple DEGs and ASGs in taxa without sexual differences in echolocation pulse frequency, suggesting that these genes might be related to other parameters of echolocation pulse rather than the frequency component. Some DEGs and ASGs are related to hearing loss or deafness genes in human or mice and they can be considered to be candidates associated with the sexual differences of echolocation pulse in bats. We also detected more than the expected overlap of DEGs and ASGs in two taxa. Overall, our current study supports the important roles of both DGE and AS in generating or maintaining sexual differences in animals.
The Successful Use of an Ultrasound-Guided Mid-Femur Sciatic Nerve Block in a Juvenile Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Tutunaru Alexandru Cosmin , Morata Dimitri Alarcon , Pollet Valentine
Published: April 2024

The current case report describes a successful ultrasound-guided mid-femur sciatic nerve block in an emu. A 2-month-old emu suffering from acute-onset lameness was referred to the University Clinic of Liège, where he was diagnosed with a lateral luxation of the Achilles tendon on both hind limbs. Two surgical procedures were performed for treatment. Both surgical procedures were performed under general anaesthesia with butorphanol, ketamine, midazolam and isoflurane in oxygen. The anaesthesia was continuously monitored. An ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was performed to prevent and treat surgically induced nociception. The technique was adapted from what is already described in other species. Levobupivacaine was injected perineurally under ultrasound-guidance. Intraoperative nociception was assessed based on the heart rate and mean arterial pressure changes. The recovery was uneventful and with no clinical signs of postoperative pain.
Video Ethogram of Equine Social Behaviour
Authors: Torres Borda Laura , Kelemen Zsofia , Auer Ulrike , Jenner Florien
Published: April 2024

Equine social behaviour studies face challenges stemming from the absence of a comprehensive ethogram with unequivocal standardised definitions and the resulting limits to data comparison across studies. To address these constraints, this ethogram offers researchers a standardised framework, defining thirty-seven distinct equine social behaviours supplemented by video examples for enhanced clarity. These definitions amalgamate insights from existing ethograms and are fine-tuned through meticulous video observations, encompassing contextual cues such as distinguishing between aggressive and playful circling based on ear position and facial expressions and communicative nuances to provide a detailed representation of equine social behaviours. Video recordings complement the standardised definitions by capturing the dynamic flow and sequence of social interactions. By providing a dynamic and detailed representation, videos allow researchers to observe the temporal aspects of behaviour, including the sequence, duration, and rhythm of interactions. These detailed data are crucial for interpreting social behaviours and unravelling the complexities of equine societies. Standardized and video-illustrated definitions of equine social behaviour facilitate clear and consistent communication between researchers, enabling cross-study comparisons regarding the impact of husbandry practices and health conditions on equine social behaviour, which, in turn, can facilitate the assessment and optimisation of management practices and equine welfare.
Cow Behavior Recognition Based on Wearable Nose Rings
Authors: Feng Wenhan , Fan Daoerji , Wu Huijuan , Yuan Wenqiang
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a novel device designed to monitor dairy cow behavior, with a particular focus on feeding, rumination, and other behaviors. This study investigates the association between the cow behaviors and acceleration data collected using a three-axis, nose-mounted accelerometer, as well as the feasibility of improving the behavioral classification accuracy through machine learning. A total of 11 cows were used. We utilized three-axis acceleration sensors that were fixed to the cow’s nose, and these devices provided detailed and unique data corresponding to their activity; in particular, a recorder was installed on each nasal device to obtain acceleration data, which were then used to calculate activity levels and changes. In addition, we visually observed the behavior of the cattle. The characteristic acceleration values during feeding, rumination, and other behavior were recorded; there were significant differences in the activity levels and changes between different behaviors. The results indicated that the nose ring device had the potential to accurately differentiate between eating and rumination behaviors, thus providing an effective method for the early detection of health problems and cattle management. The eating, rumination, and other behaviors of cows were classified with high accuracy using the machine learning technique, which can be used to calculate the activity levels and changes in cattle based on the data obtained from the nose-mounted, three-axis accelerometer.
Load Carriage and Changes in Spatiotemporal and Kinetic Biomechanical Foot Parameters during Quiet Stance in a Large Sample of Police Recruits
Authors: Štefan Andro , Kasović Mario , Štefan Lovro
Published: April 2024

Background: Little evidence has been provided regarding the effects of carrying standardized load equipment and foot parameters during quiet standing. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to examine whether a load carriage might impact static foot parameters in police recruits. Methods: Eight hundred and forty-five police recruits (27.9% women) were tested in ‘no load’ vs. standardized ‘3.5 kg load’ conditions. Foot characteristics during standing were assessed with the Zebris FDM pedobarographic pressure platform. Results: Carrying a 3.5 kg load significantly increased the 95% confidence ellipse area (∆ = 15.0%, p = 0.009), the center of pressure path length (∆ = 3.3%, p = 0.023) and average velocity (∆ = 11.1%, p = 0.014), the length of the minor axis (∆ = 8.2%, p < 0.009) and the deviation in the X (∆ = 12.4%, p = 0.005) and Y (∆ = 50.0%, p < 0.001) axes. For relative ground reaction forces, a significant increase in the left forefoot (∆ = 2.0%, p = 0.002) and a decrease in the left hindfoot (∆ = −2.0%, p = 0.002) were shown. No significant changes in relative ground reaction forces beneath the forefoot and hindfoot regions for the right foot were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that spatial and temporal foot parameters may be more prone to change while carrying heavy loads, especially the center of pressure characteristics.
Training Tennis through Induced Variability and Specific Practice: Effects on Performance in the Forehand Approach Shot
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius , Menayo Ruperto , Fuentes-García Juan Pedro
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Learning and training in variable conditions favors adapting to unstable or changing environments. The aim of this study was to test the effect of variable practice on the accuracy of the forehand net approach shot in tennis. (2) Methods: Thirty (N = 30) first-class national players (12.9 ± 1.1 years old) participated, divided into three groups: (i) induced variability training (n = 10) (varying court surfaces and balls), (ii) specific training (n = 10), and (iii) usual training (control group) (n = 10). All groups trained for a month: 12 sessions of 20 min (3 per week). The accuracy of the shots was analyzed through a 2D capture and digitization process of the ball bounce on the court. (3) Results: The variability group presented better accuracy values after the period without practice than the stable training group (p = 0.041; ES = 0.51). (4) Conclusions: The application of variability in the game conditions during tennis training seems to have a favorable effect on the retention of accuracy in the forehand down-the-line approach to the net.
Autonomous Agent Navigation Model Based on Artificial Potential Fields Assisted by Heuristics
Authors: Silva-Contreras Daniel , Godoy-Calderon Salvador
Published: April 2024

When autonomous agents are deployed in an unknown environment, obstacle-avoiding movement and navigation are required basic skills, all the more so when agents are limited by partial-observability constraints. This paper addresses the problem of autonomous agent navigation under partial-observability constraints by using a novel approach: Artificial Potential Fields (APF) assisted by heuristics. The well-known problem of local minima is addressed by providing the agents with the ability to make individual choices that can be exploited in a swarm. We propose a new potential function, which provides precise control of the potential field’s reach and intensity, and the use of auxiliary heuristics provides temporary target points while the agent explores, in search of the position of the real intended target. Artificial Potential Fields, together with auxiliary search heuristics, are integrated into a novel navigation model for autonomous agents who have limited or no knowledge of their environment. Experimental results are shown in 2D scenarios that pose challenging situations with multiple obstacles, local minima conditions and partial-observability constraints, clearly showing that an agent driven using the proposed model is capable of completing the navigation task, even under the partial-observability constraints.
Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth on Graphite Felt Electrodes: Influence on Negative Half-Cell Reactions in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Chen Shengbin , Sun Chuanyu , Zhang Huan , Yu Hao , Wang Wentong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, bismuth (Bi) was successfully deposited on graphite felts to improve the electrochemical performances of vanadium redox flow batteries. Modified graphite felts with different Bi particle loadings were obtained through electrochemical deposition at voltages of 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V in 0.1 M BiCl3 solution for 10 min. The optimal Bi particle loading was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), single cells and electrochemical tests. The SEM images revealed the deposition of granular Bi particles on the fiber surface. The Bi-modified felts which were electro-chemically deposited at 1.2 V (Bi/TGF-1.2V) showed excellent electrochemical performances in cyclic voltammetry curves and impedance spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the single cells assembled with Bi/TGF-1.2V as negative electrodes exhibited higher voltage efficiencies than the others. The optimized Bi particle loading induced better catalysis of the V3+/V2+ reaction and hence significantly improved the cell performances. In addition, the prepared Bi-modified felts showed stable cell performances and slower charge–discharge capacity declines than the other electrodes at current densities between 20 mA/cm2 and 80 mA/cm2. Compared with the pristine felt, the voltage efficiency of the vanadium redox flow battery assembled with Bi/TGF-1.2V graphite felt was 9.47% higher at the current density of 80 mA/cm2. The proposed method has considerable potential and guiding significance for the future modification of graphite felt for redox flow batteries.
Tidal Effects on the Schumann Resonance Amplitudes Recorded by the Global Coherence Monitoring System
Authors: Orinaitė Ugnė , Petronaitis Darius , Jokimaitis Arvydas , Landauskas Mantas , Ragulskis Minvydas , Vainoras Alfonsas , McCarty Rollin , Atkinson Mike , Plonka Nachum
Published: April 2024

The main scientific result of this paper is the demonstration of the fact that tidal effects induced by the Moon affect the Schumann resonance amplitudes measured at magnetometers located at different geographical locations of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Each magnetometer is paired with the closest monitoring station of the global tidal wave measurement network. This paper introduces the Schumann Resonance Complexity Index (SRCI), computed by using the calibrated H-rank algorithm on the local magnetic field data recorded by each magnetometer of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Tidal wave data recorded at each monitoring station are also used to compute the Tidal Wave Complexity Index (TWCI). Eliminating diel cycles from the SRCI data yields significant statistical correlations between the SRCI and TWCI data, proving the hypothesis of tidal effects on the global network of magnetometers.
Impacts of Feature Selection on Predicting Machine Failures by Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bezerra Francisco Elânio , Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso de , Cervi Gabriel Magalhães , Francesconi Mazetto Rafaella , Faria Aline Mariane de , Vido Marcos , Lima Gustavo Araujo , Araújo Sidnei Alves de , Sampaio Mauro , Amorim Marlene
Published: April 2024

In the context of Industry 4.0, managing large amounts of data is essential to ensure informed decision-making in intelligent production environments. It enables, for example, predictive maintenance, which is essential for anticipating and identifying causes of failures in machines and equipment, optimizing processes, and promoting proactive management of human, financial, and material resources. However, generating accurate information for decision-making requires adopting suitable data preprocessing and analysis techniques. This study explores the identification of machine failures based on synthetic industrial data. Initially, we applied the feature selection techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA), and Denoising Autoencoder (DAE) to the collected data and compared their results. In the sequence, a comparison among three widely known machine learning classifiers, namely Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP), was conducted, with and without considering feature selection. The results showed that PCA and RF were superior to the other techniques, allowing the classification of failures with rates of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.98 for the accuracy, precision, and recall metrics, respectively. Thus, this work contributes by solving an industrial problem and detailing techniques to identify the most relevant variables and machine learning algorithms for predicting machine failures that negatively impact production planning. The findings provided by this study can assist industries in giving preference to employing sensors and collecting data that can contribute more effectively to machine failure predictions.
Analysis of Three Dimethyl Sulfides in Freshwater Lakes Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection
Authors: Bao Qibei , Wu Anjie , Lu Jin , Jiang Lingli , Shen Qiushi
Published: April 2024

Dimethyl sulfides are ubiquitous odorous substances in eutrophic freshwater bodies. In this study, a simple headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame photometric detection method was developed to detect three representative algal-derived dimethyl sulfides in freshwater lake water samples: dimethyl monosulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The effects of extraction fiber, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and sample volume were investigated orthogonally, and the optimized method was applied to analyze surface water samples from Lake Ulansuhai in Inner Mongolia, China. Optimal extraction was obtained with a 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction fiber, 20% ion concentration, 87 min extraction time, and 50 °C extraction temperature. The correlation coefficients of the standardized working curves for DMS, DMDS, and DMTS were 0.9967, 0.9907, and 0.9994, respectively, indicating good linear relationships. Limits of detection were in the nanogram range, and the recoveries of the spiked standards for DMS, DMDS, and DMTS were 97.22~99.07%, 93.39~99.34%, and 91.17~99.25%, with relative standard deviations of 5.18~5.94%, 3.08~6.25%, and 2.56~5.47%, respectively. This method is stable and reliable, and can be used for the determination of volatile sulfides in freshwater lake water.
Research on the Optimization of Pricing and the Replenishment Decision-Making Problem Based on LightGBM and Dynamic Programming
Authors: Tao Wenyue , Wu Chaoran , Wu Ting , Chen Fuyuan
Published: April 2024

Vegetables have a short period of freshness, and therefore, the purchase of vegetables has to be carefully matched with sales, especially in the “small production and big market” setting prevalent in China. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop a systematic and comprehensive mathematical model of replenishment plans and pricing strategies for each category of vegetables and individual products. In this paper, we analyze the following three questions: Question One: What is the distribution law and relationship between the sales volume of vegetable categories and single products? Question Two: What is the relationship between total sales volume and cost-plus pricing of vegetable categories? And is it possible to provide the daily total replenishment and pricing strategy of each vegetable category for the following week to maximize supermarket profit? Question Three: How can we incorporate the market demand for single vegetable products into a profit-maximizing program for supermarkets? Is it possible to further formulate the replenishment plan requirements for single products? To answer the first question, we created pivot tables to analyze occupancy. We found that mosaic leaves, peppers, and edible mushrooms accounted for a larger proportion of occupacy, while cauliflowers, aquatic rhizomes, and eggplants accounted for a smaller proportion. For the single items, lettuce, cabbage, green pepper, screw pepper, enoki mushroom, and shiitake mushroom accounted for a large proportion of their respective categories. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Mfuzz package based on fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm to analyze the correlation between vegetable categories and single products. We found that there was a strong correlation between vegetable categories. Moreover, the sale of vegetable items belonging to the same category exhibited the same patterns of change over time. In order to address the second question, we established the LightGBM sales forecasting model. Combined with previous sales data, we forecasted and planned an efficient daily replenishment volume for each vegetable category in the coming week. In addition, we developed a pricing strategy for vegetable categories to maximize supermarket profits. For the third question, we built a dynamic programming model combining an optimal replenishment volume with a product pricing strategy for single items, which let the supermarket maximize its expected profits.
Distributed Charging Strategy of PEVs in SCS with Feeder Constraints Based on Generalized Nash Equilibria
Authors: Tang Jialong , Li Huaqing , Chen Menggang , Shi Yawei , Zheng Lifeng , Wang Huiwei
Published: April 2024

In this article, a distributed charging strategy problem for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with feeder constraints based on generalized Nash equilibria (GNE) in a novel smart charging station (SCS) is investigated. The purpose is to coordinate the charging strategies of all PEVs in SCS to minimize the energy cost of SCS. Therefore, we build a non-cooperative game framework and propose a new price-driven charging control game by considering the overload constraint of the assigned feeder, where each PEV minimizes the fees it pays to satisfy its optimal charging strategy. On this basis, the existence of GNE is given. Furthermore, we employ a distributed algorithm based on forward–backward operator splitting methods to find the GNE. The effectiveness of the employed algorithm is verified by the final simulation results.
Existence of Solutions: Investigating Fredholm Integral Equations via a Fixed-Point Theorem
Authors: Özger Faruk , Temizer Ersoy Merve , Ödemiş Özger Zeynep
Published: April 2024

Integral equations, which are defined as “the equation containing an unknown function under the integral sign”, have many applications of real-world problems. The second type of Fredholm integral equations is generally used in radiation transfer theory, kinetic theory of gases, and neutron transfer theory. A special case of these equations, known as the quadratic Chandrasekhar integral equation, given by x(s)=1+λx(s)∫01st+sx(t)dt, can be very often encountered in many applications, where x is the function to be determined, λ is a parameter, and t,s∈[0,1]. In this paper, using a fixed-point theorem, the existence conditions for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the form χ(l)=ϱ(l)+χ(l)∫pqk(l,z)(Vχ)(z)dz are investigated in the space Cωp,q, where χ is the unknown function to be determined, V is a given operator, and ϱ,k are two given functions. Moreover, certain important applications demonstrating the applicability of the existence theorem presented in this paper are provided.
Risk Assessment and Sources Apportionment of Toxic Metals in Two Commonly Consumed Fishes from a Subtropical Estuarine Wetland System
Authors: Ahmed Md. Moudud , Nur As-Ad Ujjaman , Sultana Salma , Jolly Yeasmin N. , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Arai Takaomi , Yu Jimmy , Hossain Mohammad Belal
Published: April 2024

The widespread occurrence of heavy metals in aquatic environments, resulting in their bioaccumulation within aquatic organisms like fish, presents potential hazards to human health. This study investigates the concentrations of five toxic heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, and Cr) and their potential health implications in two economically important fish species (Otolithoides pama and Labeo bata) from a subtropical estuarine wetland system (Feni estuary, Bangladesh). Muscle and gill samples from 36 individual fish were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results revealed that the average quantities of heavy metals in both fishes’ muscle followed the declining order of Zn (109.41–119.93 mg/kg) > Cu (45.52–65.43 mg/kg) > Hg (1.25–1.39 mg/kg) > Pb (0.68–1.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.31–5.82 mg/kg). Furthermore, Zn was found to be present in the highest concentration within the gills of both species. While the levels of Cu, Zn, and Cr in the fish muscle were deemed acceptable for human consumption, the concentrations of Pb and Hg exceeded the permissible limits (>0.5 mg/kg) for human consumption. Different risk indices, including estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic or target risk (TR), revealed mixed and varying degrees of potential threat to human health. According to the EDI values, individuals consuming these fish may face health risks as the levels of Zn, Cu, and Cr in the muscle are either very close to or exceed the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) threshold. Nevertheless, the THQ and HI values suggested that both species remained suitable for human consumption, as indicated by THQ (<1) and HI (<1) values. Carcinogenic risk values for Pb, Cr, and Zn all remained within permissible limits, with TR values falling below the range of (10−6 to 10−4), except for Zn, which exceeded it (>10−4). The correlation matrix and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) findings revealed that Pb and Cr primarily stemmed from natural geological backgrounds, whereas Zn, Cu, and Hg were attributed to human-induced sources such as agricultural chemicals, silver nanoparticles, antimicrobial substances, and metallic plating. Given the significance of fish as a crucial and nutritious element of a balanced diet, it is essential to maintain consistent monitoring and regulation of the levels and origins of heavy metals found within it.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Early Vigour-Related Traits for a Rice (Oryza sativa L.) japonica Diversity Set Grown in Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Gong Wenliu , Proud Christopher , Vinarao Ricky , Fukai Shu , Mitchell Jaquie
Published: April 2024

Aerobic rice production is a relatively new system in which rice is direct-seeded and grown in non-flooded but well-watered conditions to improve water productivity. Early vigour-related traits are likely to be important in aerobic conditions. This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes associated with early vigour-related traits in aerobic conditions using a japonica rice diversity set. Field experiments and glasshouse experiments conducted under aerobic conditions revealed significant genotypic variation in early vigour-related traits. Genome-wide association analysis identified 32 QTL associated with early vigour-related traits. Notably, two QTL, qAEV1.5 and qAEV8, associated with both early vigour score and mesocotyl length, explained up to 22.1% of the phenotypic variance. In total, 23 candidate genes related to plant growth development and abiotic stress response were identified in the two regions. This study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of early vigour under aerobic conditions. Validation of identified QTL and candidate genes in different genetic backgrounds is crucial for future studies. Moreover, testing the effect of QTL on yield under different environments would be valuable. After validation, these QTL and genes can be considered for developing markers in marker-assisted selection for aerobic rice production.
Combined Pharmacological Modulation of Translational and Transcriptional Activity Signaling Pathways as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Children with Myocardial Changes
Authors: Kamenshchyk Andrii , Belenichev Igor , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

Myocardial hypertrophy is the most common condition that accompanies heart development in children. Transcriptional gene expression regulating pathways play a critical role both in cardiac embryogenesis and in the pathogenesis of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, neonatal posthypoxic myocardial hypertrophy, and congenital heart diseases. This paper describes the state of cardiac gene expression and potential pharmacological modulators at different transcriptional levels. An experimental model of perinatal cardiac hypoxia showed the downregulated expression of genes responsible for cardiac muscle integrity and overexpressed genes associated with energy metabolism and apoptosis, which may provide a basis for a therapeutic approach. Current evidence suggests that RNA drugs, theaflavin, neuraminidase, proton pumps, and histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents in progressive cardiac hypertrophy. The different points of application of the above drugs make combined use possible, potentiating the effects of inhibition in specific signaling pathways. The special role of N-acetyl cysteine in both the inhibition of several signaling pathways and the reduction of oxidative stress was emphasized.
Olfactory Epithelium Stimulation Using Rhythmic Nasal Air-Puffs Improves the Cognitive Performance of Individuals with Acute Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Riazi Hanieh , Nazari Milad , Raoufy Mohammad Reza , Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad , Shojaei Amir
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of intranasal air-puffing on cognitive impairments and brain cortical activity following one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in adults. A total of 26 healthy adults underwent the numerical Stroop test (NST) and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after one night of PSD. Following PSD, subjects in the treatment group (n = 13) received nasal air-puffs (5 Hz, 3 min) before beginning the NST and EEG recording. Administration of nasal air-puffs in the treatment group restored the PSD-induced increase in error rate and decrease in reaction time and missing rate in the NST. Intranasal air-puffs recovered the PSD-induced augmentation of delta and theta power and the reduction of beta and gamma power in the EEG, particularly in the frontal lobes. Intranasal air-puffing also almost reversed the PSD-induced decrease in EEG signal complexity. Furthermore, it had a restorative effect on PSD-induced alteration in intra-default mode network functional connectivity in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Rhythmic nasal air-puffing can mitigate acute PSD-induced impairments in cognitive functions. It exerts part of its ameliorating effect by restoring neuronal activity in cortical brain areas involved in cognitive processing.
Positive Effect of Super-Resolved Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection
Authors: Grigas Ovidijus , Damaševičius Robertas , Maskeliūnas Rytis
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to improving the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the use of super-resolved structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optimized deep learning models. The study introduces enhancements to the perceptual quality of super-resolved 2D structural MRI images using advanced loss functions, modifications to the upscaler part of the generator, and experiments with various discriminators within a generative adversarial training setting. It empirically demonstrates the effectiveness of super-resolution in the MCI detection task, showcasing performance improvements across different state-of-the-art classification models. The paper also addresses the challenge of accurately capturing perceptual image quality, particularly when images contain checkerboard artifacts, and proposes a methodology that incorporates hyperparameter optimization through a Pareto optimal Markov blanket (POMB). This approach systematically explores the hyperparameter space, focusing on reducing overfitting and enhancing model generalizability. The research findings contribute to the field by demonstrating that super-resolution can significantly improve the quality of MRI images for MCI detection, highlighting the importance of choosing an adequate discriminator and the potential of super-resolution as a preprocessing step to boost classification model performance.
Comprehensive Analysis of Ferrocement-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Živković Darko , Blagojević Predrag , Kukaras Danijel , Cvetković Radovan , Ranković Slobodan
Published: April 2024

Starting with the premise that the choice of the optimal method for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a complex task and that ferrocement strengthening is comparable to other advanced strengthening technologies due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of construction, and durability, this paper presents a comparative study of the flexural bearing capacity of RC beams strengthened with ferrocement strips applied by gluing. An overview of the life cycle assessment (LCA) based on embodied energy or CO2 is presented in the introduction, based on the existing literature review. The research includes tests of 15 RC beams of identical cross-sections (150/250 mm) and a span of 3000 mm. Strengthening was conducted by applying four types of ferrocement strips (different widths and wire mesh layers). Two factors were examined: the verification of the comprehensive FEM numerical model against the experimental results and the applicability of existing simplified calculation methods for sufficiently accurate results which could be used in regular practice. The results show that the failure forces obtained from numerical models and experimental models differ by no more than 3.94%. The increase in the bearing capacity of the strengthened models is up to 21.4%. The transformed area method for the cracked section showed good results when compared to the FEM and experimental models. The analytically calculated failure force is contingent upon the partial factor for variable action, which was explored within the 1.5–1.7 range.
Promoting Sustainable Development in Urban–Rural Areas: A New Approach for Evaluating the Policies of Characteristic Towns in China
Authors: Zhang Lin , Sun Yufei , Li Chunlin , Li Bingbing
Published: April 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by all United Nations Member States, emphasize sustainable cities and communities, aiming to strengthen development planning and foster positive links between urban and rural areas by 2030. As the newly leading platform for urbanization development, characteristic towns (‘Tese Xiaozhen’ in Chinese) contribute to the target of sustainable urbanisation, wherein town policies are especially important for leading the sound development of characteristic towns. However, the effect of these characteristic towns policies remains uncertain. Additionally, most related studies have utilized qualitative methodologies in policy evaluation, which may be inadequate to guide actual practice. Thus, in order to accurately acknowledge the effect of characteristic towns policies, a policy evaluation framework is established in this paper, utilising the multiple streams theory, text mining and the Policy Modelling Consistency Index model (PMC-Index model). Then, taking 225 policy documents promulgated in China from 2015 to 2022 as the research objects, policy evaluation indicators were selected by combining the multiple streams theory to improve the PMC-Index model and a text mining method. Thereafter, an empirical analysis was conducted to evaluate the consistency of 10 characteristic towns policies chosen. The results indicate that the mean value of the PMC indexes of the 10 examined policies is 7.13 in the total of 9 points, which means that the general performance of the characteristic town policies is satisfactory, yet the low scores in terms of effectiveness, content, and guarantee. In the end, some recommendations and suggestions are proposed for clarifying administrative attributes, optimizing the integration of urban and rural resources, and adjusting the policy hierarchy to a bottom-up approach. This study not only provides a policy evaluation framework to comprehensively understand the consistency of global urbanization policies but also offers a beneficial reference for promote urban–rural sustainable development.
Ultra-High-Performance Alkali-Activated Concrete: Effect of Waste Crumb Rubber Aggregate Proportions on Tensile and Flexural Properties
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Zhongmin , Che Weixian , Cheng Cheng , Chen Yiwu , Li Dehui , Liu Lianghua , Guo Yongchang
Published: April 2024

The declining availability of natural sand resources and the significant carbon footprint associated with the extensive use of cement are posing severe limitations on the advancement and application of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). In this study, waste tyre-derived recycled crumb rubber particles (CR) were employed to replace quartz sand, and an alkali-activated cementitious material was used to produce waste tyre-alkali-activated UHPC (T-UHPAC). The influence of different CR replacement ratios (0%, 5%, 20%, 35%, 50%) on the tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC was investigated, and a predictive model for the stress–strain response considering the CR replacement ratio was established. An optimization method for improving the tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC was proposed. The results indicate that the effect of rough-surfaced CR on the interfacial properties of concrete differs from that of smooth quartz sand. A CR replacement ratio exceeding 35% led to a reduction in both the tensile and flexural strengths of UHPAC, while a replacement ratio at or below 20% resulted in a superior tensile and flexural performance of T-UHPAC. The established predictive model for tensile performance accurately forecasts the stress–strain behaviour of T-UHPAC under varying CR replacement ratios, with the accuracy improving as the CR replacement ratio increases. By utilizing CR to replace quartz sand in proportions not exceeding 20%, the production of low-carbon UHPC with exceptional comprehensive mechanical properties is achievable. Moreover, the development of T-UHPAC through the comprehensive utilization of waste tyres presents a promising and innovative approach for the low-carbon and cost-effective production of UHPC, thereby facilitating the sustainable development of natural resources. This research represents a significant step towards the widespread adoption and application of UHPC and thus holds substantial importance.
Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Economic, and Environmental Characteristics of Hybrid PE/PP Fiber-Reinforced Engineered Geopolymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Xiafei , Ling Yu , Wu Yanwei , Lai Huaming , Wang Yingchang , Chen Zhanbiao
Published: April 2024

Engineered Geopolymer Composites (EGCs), known for their excellent tensile properties and lower carbon emissions, have gained widespread attention in the field of fiber-reinforced concrete. However, the high cost of high-performance synthetic fibers, a crucial component of EGCs, limits their practical engineering applications. In this study, by using low-cost PP fibers hybridized with PE fibers and adjusting the fly ash/ground granulated blast furnace slag (FA/GGBS) ratio, cost-effective, high-performing hybrid PE/PP-reinforced engineered geopolymer composites (H-EGCs) were developed. This study conducted axial compressive and tensile tests on H-EGCs with different FA/GGBS ratios (7:3, 6:4, and 5:5) and PP fiber replacement ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), investigated the influence of FA/GGBS and PP fiber replacement ratio on static mechanical behavior, and evaluated the economic and environmental benefits based on mechanical performance indicators. The result indicated that the compressive strength of H-EGCs can reach 120 MPa when the FA/GGBS ratio is 5:5; however, an increase in FA/GGBS and PP fiber replacement ratio leads to a loss in compressive strength and elastic modulus. The incorporation of PP fibers in moderate amounts enhances ultimate tensile strain by reducing crack control ability, and the maximum tensile deformation capacity (7.82–9.66%) was obtained for H-EGCs with a PP fiber replacement ratio of 50%. The optimal economic and environmental benefits of H-EGCs are observed when the FA/GGBS ratio is 5:5 and the PP fiber replacement ratio is set at 50%.
Impact of Microclimate on Perception and Physical Activities in Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Beijing, China
Authors: Han Mo , Fang Yani , Yi Li , Liu Siyi
Published: April 2024

The development of new urban areas in Beijing has alleviated overcrowding in old urban centers and has ample public spaces for recreational activities. However, these public spaces are not ideally designed and have not been as successful as expected. Few studies have investigated the ineffective use of these public spaces in terms of microclimatic and thermal comfort factors. Our study investigated microclimatic factors, the subjective assessment of thermal comfort, the intensity of human activities, and the spatial features of public spaces in conjunction with surrounding buildings in a mixed commercial and residential complex in the Fangshan District, Beijing. We used a mixed-methods approach comprising microclimate measurements, questionnaires (n = 150), spatiotemporal behavior mapping, and field measurements. Our results showed that the human perception of the microclimate is related to the exposure duration and other microclimatic factors. The perception of people who spend longer periods outdoors is often inconsistent with objectively measured thermal comfort values. Activity intensity (low, medium, and high) was also related to the duration of time spent outdoors. Microclimatic factors affect the number of people at different activity intensities and the trajectory of the activities. Different spatial features cause different microclimate formations and can directly influence the human subjective assessment of thermal comfort. This study uniquely links the microclimate to human perceptions, physical activities, and spatial features in service of redesigning public spaces. We developed a comprehensive methodology that expands the post-occupancy evaluation and proposes new urban public space designs that consider microclimates. This study also provides a new perspective for promoting physical activity by enhancing the thermal comfort of the environment to achieve physical and mental health goals.
Developing a Blockchain-Based Framework for Digital Archiving of BIM Using Axiomatic Design
Authors: Zhang Tongrui , Chen Keyu , Tao Yulian , Xue Hong
Published: April 2024

Building information modeling (BIM) has been attracting increasing attention in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in recent years. The wide spread of BIM marks the transition from 2D and paper-based archiving to 3D and digital archiving of project information. However, the commonly used centralized managing approaches for BIM data have high risks of data loss and data tampering. With cryptographic algorithms and distributed databases, blockchain has the potential to address the limitations of data loss and trust in conventional BIM management methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based framework for digital archiving of BIM data. In this paper, the axiomatic design approach is utilized to design the archiving framework in order to systematically map the design parameters with the functional requirements and minimize the information contents. The proposed framework contains five modules, including the BIM module, building plan approval (BPA) module, building data simplification (BDS) module, distributed data storage (DDS) module, and digital document verification (DDV) module. Hyperledger Fabric is utilized to develop the blockchain system based on the proposed framework. In the end, a simple BIM model with 240 components and around 11,000 lines of content in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file is taken as an illustrative example to validate the proposed blockchain approach. By storing the BIM model on to the developed blockchain, it is found that each transaction of a blockchain can store over 5000 lines of IFC contents with 0.09 s of uploading latency. The results show that the proposed blockchain-based approach can effectively and securely archive BIM data.
Testing Activities for Technological and Normative Validation of Bio-Based Components in Façade System Modules
Authors: Vandi Laura , Muedra Arsenio Navarro , Astudillo Larraz Julen , de Aretxaga Escudero Susana López , Pracucci Alessandro
Published: April 2024

This research explores the development and validation activities of a bio-based façade system within the Basajaun H2020 project, focusing on enhancing the utilization of bio-based components within building envelopes to replace conventional solutions with eco-friendly alternatives. This paper reports the methodologies employed to detect requirements and outline the testing protocols undertaken to validate the façade system design devised within the project, focusing on the original façade components as the biocomposite profile. Vision and opaque façade modules are prototyped and tested following curtain wall standards for performance (EN 13830:2015) and acoustic assessments (EN ISO 717-1:2020) to showcase the efficacy of the developed solution. The conducted tests demonstrate the feasibility of integrating bio-based components as alternatives to conventional materials into building envelopes, aligning with project expectations and prevailing standards for curtain wall façade solutions. Notably, the designed façade system meets technical conditions and research objectives. Nevertheless, the paper underscores the need for further refinements to facilitate solution industrialization and explore broader market applicability focusing on the biocomposite profile.