bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media and Religious Tourism
Authors: Shabbir Rizwan , Batool Aysha
Published: October 2020

This chapter aims at presenting a thematic analysis of 64 research articles on religious tourism published from 2009 to 2020 by adopting a systematic literature review method. The results indicate that prominent topics discussed were amplification of concepts, tourist motivations, and experience. The evolution of religious tourism concept through nexus of diverse scholarly terms, related domains, and religious practices needs a comprehensive literary debate to refine the subject. The socio-economic impact of religious tourism also calls for the enrichment of topics on scholarly and practical grounds. Issues such as host and tourist behavior, social interaction, visitor management, marketing components, and the role of media need to be explored for the progression of religious tourism in line with sustainability. The chapter contributes to the literature by proposing a three-dimensional model focusing on the role of media and potential research domains for further exploration.
From Catalans and Aragonese to Valencians
Authors: Baydal Sala Vicent
Published: October 2020

The medieval Kingdom of Valencia was created in 1238, after the conquest of Islamic lands in the Eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula by Catalan and Aragonese people. New Christian settlers arrived from Catalonia and Aragon with distinct identity feelings, but after a century a new identity was formed, whose first expression was the creation of a gentilic, “Valencian,” for all the inhabitants of the new kingdom, regardless of their Catalan or Aragonese origins. As this chapter explains, this process was closely linked to the development of the political and fiscal structures of the kingdom, based primarily on the Valencian Parliament, where subsides and laws were negotiated between the king and the community of the realm.
Spain in the 19th Century
Authors: Radatz Hans-Ingo
Published: October 2020

Spain's nation building in the 19th century came to an early start during the War of Independence, but the new idea of a “Spanish Nation” soon ran into major adversities. When Fernando VII reinstated his absolutist monarchy, most of the American colonies broke away, and a series of civil wars turned Spain into a failed state for the greater part of the 19th century. During this period, an important segment of Catalonia's buoyant bourgeoisie tried to emulate Prussia's role in Germany and Piedmont's in Italy and pushed for Catalonia to become the leader of a modernization process. Catalan aspirations were, however, frustrated when in 1898 the last overseas colonies were lost and the Generación del 1898 rebooted the Spanish nation-building process – now as a European country with a clear-cut centralist and Castilian ideology behind it. Modern regional nationalism in Spain can only be understood against the background of these developments in the 19th century.
Who Rules the Language?
Authors: Dols Nicolau
Published: October 2020

Greater attention is paid to oral language by the new prescriptive grammar of Catalan recently issued by the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, and several prescriptive or guiding texts on the same topic published by Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua have put under focus a territorial conflict on language authority and raised questions on the limits between external authority and personal competence in a field (spoken language) especially favorable for the persistence of diversity. This chapter offers a discussion on prescriptivism and standardization in contemporary Catalan, and the conflict experienced on two axes: horizontal or territorial and vertical or bottom-up/top-down options in prescriptivism.
Cultural Identity and Catalan Language Planning
Authors: Escolano Xènia
Published: October 2020

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the current situation of Catalan as a factor that aids the construction of identity in the areas where language has a long historical presence and has been used as primary language. This introduces a qualitative variable from a sociolinguistic point of view: linguistic identity in the context of languages in contact. This chapter will focus specifically on the Spanish areas where Catalan is spoken and is an official language: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community. It will also analyse the influence of language planning—especially carried out within the educational system—on the maintenance of Catalan language as a vehicle of communication, considering the acquisition of Catalan by Spanish speakers from the above-mentioned areas.
Perception of Lean Startup and Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Uansa-ard Suwaluck , Wannamakok Wisuwat
Published: October 2020

This study explores university students' perceptions of the lean startup to investigate their entrepreneurial intention. In this sense, perceived desirability and feasibility are included as mediators in the model. A total of 280 Thai final-year undergraduate students who had previously taken entrepreneurship courses is investigated using structural equation modeling. Results show that perceived desirability and feasibility mediate the positive relationship between the perception of the Thai final-year undergraduate students of the lean startup and their entrepreneurial intention. This study sheds light on how Thai final-year students perceive entrepreneurship as a career choice through the lens of the lean startup and its mediating effects. Conclusion, discussions, and recommendations of this research can be useful to policymakers, practitioners, and educators.
Analyzing the Effect of Perceived Risk and Information Diagnosticity on Word-of-Mouth and Viral Marketing
Authors: Nedumkallel Jose Pius , Babu Deepak , Francis Michelle
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the moderating effect of perceived risk and information diagnosticity on the relationship between brand loyalty and word-of-mouth (WOM) as well as viral marketing activities (VMA) in e-retailer websites. Although extant research in marketing suggests that brand loyalty leads to positive WOM, this study examines the moderating effect of the consumer's perceived risk on this relationship in the context of e-retailer websites where customers repeatedly encounter new and uncertain situations every time they visit the e-retailer. This study also examines the moderating effect of information diagnosticity on the interaction relationship stated earlier. Findings reveal that risk perception negatively moderates the impact of brand loyalty on WOM and VMA and information diagnosticity of online reviews can help reduce the negative perceptions caused by risk factors.
Supplier-Based Concentration and Inventory Efficiency
Authors: Hu Yize , Shan Jun
Published: October 2020

This study empirically examines the relation between supplier-base concentration and inventory efficiency in the Chinese manufacturing sector. Using hand-collected data from annual reports during 2007–2015, the authors find that manufacturers with a more concentrated supplier base hold fewer inventories, and the efficiency primarily flows through the raw materials and work-in-process inventory accounts. The authors find that small firms benefit more from a concentrated supplier base in inventory efficiency than large firms do. The authors also find that the positive effect of supplier-base concentration on inventory efficiency is stronger as customer-base concentration increases. In an additional analysis, the authors find that firms with a high supplier-base concentration would have better current and future financial performance.
Integrity of E-Health Record Ensured With Context-Based Merkle Tree Through Temporal Shadow in Blockchain
Authors: Charanya R.  , Saravanaguru R. A. K.
Published: October 2020

The patient's health record is sensitive and confidential information. The sharing of health information is a first venture to make health services more productive and improve the quality of healthcare services. Decentralized online ledgers with blockchain-based platforms were already proposed and in use to address the interoperability and privacy issues. However, other challenges remain, in particular, scalability, usability, and accessibility as core technical challenges. The paper focuses on ensuring the integrity of the health record with context-based Merkle tree (CBMT) through temporal shadow. In this system, two ledgers were used to ensure the integrity of eHealth records like general public ledger (GPL) and personalized micro ledger (PML). The context-based Merkle tree (CBMT) is used to aggregates all the transactions at a particular time. The context means it depends on time, location, and identity. This is ensured without the help of a third party.
Nietzsche's Constructions of Power
Authors: Jackson Ross A. , Reboulet Amanda M.
Published: October 2020

Power is inextricably linked to business rhetoric and praxis. Given Nietzsche's prominence in modern and postmodern thought, his constructions of power are relevant for understanding broader implications of ethics in the context of business. In this paper, the corpus linguistics techniques of type-token ratios (TTR), sentiment analysis, clustering, and concordancing enabled an assessment of Nietzsche's uses of power and the establishment of points of consistency and divergence among his fourteen major philosophical works. The results suggest that Nietzsche's posthumous manuscript, The Will to Power, is significantly different from the other 13 works in terms of its focus on power. Additionally, his later works are richer in textual variety (as measured by TTR) than his early and middle works. Through the concordance analysis, the authors identified themes in Nietzsche's use of power, which provides a fulcrum for understanding potential linkages between Nietzschean power as well as his popularized, social-media presence, and implications for international business ethics.
Telepsychiatry Use in Rural Areas in the United States
Authors: Coustasse Alberto , Ruley Morgan , Mike Tonnie C. , Washington Briana M. , Robinson Anna
Published: October 2020

Rural areas have experienced a higher than average shortage of healthcare professionals. Numerous challenges have limited access to mental health services. Some of these barriers have included transportation, number of providers, poverty, and lack of insurance. Recently, the utilization of telepsychiatry has increased in rural areas. The purpose of this review was to identify and coalesce the benefits of telepsychiatry for adults living in rural communities in the United States to determine if telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care. The methodology for this study was a literature review that followed a systematic approach. References and sources were written in English and were taken from studies in the United States between 2004 and 2018 to keep this review current. Fifty-nine references were selected from five databases. It was found that several studies supported that telepsychiatry has improved access and quality of care available in rural environments. At the same time, telepsychiatry in mental healthcare has not been utilized as it should in rural adult populations due to lack of access, an overall shortage of providers, and poor distribution of psychiatrists. There are numerous benefits to implementing telepsychiatry in rural areas. While there are still barriers that prevent widespread utilization, telepsychiatry can improve mental health outcomes by linking rural patients to high-quality mental healthcare services that follow evidence-based care and best practices. Telepsychiatry utilization in rural areas in the United States has demonstrated to have a significant ability to transform mental health care delivery and clinician productivity. As technology continues to advance access, telepsychiatry will also advance, making access more readily available.
Heterogeneous Weighted Voting-Based Ensemble (HWVE) for Root-Cause Analysis
Authors: Selvam Blessy , Ravimaran S.  , Selvam Sheba
Published: October 2020

Root-cause analysis has been one of the major requirements of the current information-rich world due to the huge number of opinions available online. This paper presents a heterogeneous weighted voting-based ensemble (HWVE) model for root-cause analysis. The proposed model is composed of an aspect extraction and filtering module, a model-based sentiment identification module, and a ranking module. Domain-based aspect ontologies are created using the available training data and is used for categorization. The input data is passed to the HWVE model for opinion identification and is in-parallel passed to the significance identification phase for aspect identification. The identified aspects are combined with their corresponding sentiments and ranked based on their ontological occurrence levels to provide the final categorized root-causes. Experiments were performed with the five-product dataset, and comparisons were performed with recent models. Results indicate that the proposed model exhibits improved performances of 5%-13% in terms of F-measure when compared to other models.
Reversible Watermarking in Medical Images Using Sub-Sample and Multiple Histogram Modification
Authors: Gao Lin , Zhang Yunjie , Li Guoyan
Published: October 2020

This paper proposed a reversible medical image watermarking scheme using multiple histogram modification (MHM) and redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT). The MHM was introduced to the proposed scheme to enhance the embedding capacity. By embedding the watermark in the RDWT coefficients, the proposed scheme exploited the visual masking property of RDWT to guarantee the visual quality. Also, the proposed scheme has better performance on embedding capacity because the RDWT has several sub-band coefficients for embedding. The experimental results on medical images suggests that the proposed scheme could meet the demand of perceptional quality with better embedding capacity than former schemes.
Federation-Level Agreement and Integrity-Based Managed Cloud Federation Architecture
Authors: Ghenai Afifa , Nouioua Chems Eddine
Published: October 2020

One of the biggest challenges in cloud federations is how to express the federation level agreement (FLA) and voluntary aspect of the federation members and maintain the integrity of the organization. However, existing works are not able to present the cloud federation management aspect or implement these properties that distinguish cloud federation from other inter-cloud organizations. This paper bridges this gap by proposing a managed cloud federation architecture based on this subset of properties. The key component of this architecture is the federation manager that controls, tracks, evaluates, and predicts the behavior of the federation. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the approach, the authors developed the Managed Federation Simulator to implement the proposed federation architecture on the SmartFed simulator and evaluate it through a set of scenarios on a real case study.
ANALISI SURGENSI PERPPU NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2107 TENTANG AKSES INFORMASI KEUANGAN UNTUK KEPENTINGAN PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Ifat Hanifah
Published: October 2020

Keterbukaan informasi keuangan untuk kepentingan perpajakan merupakan komitmen internasional dalam Global Forum on Transparency and Excange of Informationfor tax Purposes (Global Forum), Indonesia sebagai salah satu anggota diwajibkan memiliki regulasi doestik terkait keterbukaan akses informasi keuangan terkait perpajakan. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap komitmen dalam global forum secara signifikan akan mengguncang perekonomian nasional karena dicap dunia sebagai negara beresiko gagal (at risk). Penulisan penelitian ini mengunakan studi kepustakaan atau litelatur.Data-data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari pustaka atau dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan komitmen Indonesia tebukti dengan diterbitkannya Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 Tentang Akses Informasi Keuangan Untuk Kepentingan Perpajakan, yang sekaligus sebagai upaya protektif terhadap masuknya dana illegal ke Indonesia. Disamping membeikan citra dan kepercayaan terhadap investor dalam menanamkan modalnya di Indonesia
Título en español.
Authors: George Samuels  , Bernardo G. Capó  , Ishver S. Bangdiwala
Published: October 2020

Los propósitos principales de este trabajo han sido: evaluar críticamente la relación entre las concentraciones de nitrógeno y agua del tejido vegetal de la caña de azúcar, y demostrar cómo se puede usar esta relación cuantitativa para determinar los requisitos del abonamiento de esta cosecha, mediante el análisis químico de la hoja. Los datos que se presentan en este artículo demuestran que la concentración del nitrógeno en la hoja de la caña de azúcar guarda estrecha relación con la concentración de agua en la hoja. Esta concentración de nitrógeno puede usarse como un índice para determinar el grado de suficiencia o deficiencia, respecto a la alimentación de la caña, en cuanto a este elemento nutritivo. El conocimiento que se tenga del contenido de agua en la hoja para corregir el análisis de nitrógeno, será de ayuda para hacer más exacto este sistema de análisis, de modo que se pueda decidir si es o no conveniente hacer a la cosecha una aplicación de abono nitrogenado, según lo demuestre el análisis de las hojas.
Título en español.
Authors: M. B. Martínez  , M. A. Lugo-López
Published: October 2020

Se presentan aquí datos sobre la producción de azúcar en un suelo pesado con un "claypan" sometido a varios tratamientos durante las operaciones de preparación del terreno y cultivo. La producción media de azúcar en las parcelas, incluyendo los testigos, donde todo el abono se aplicó en la superficie del suelo, como se acostumbra corrientemente en el cultivo de caña, fué de 92.4 quintales por acre; lo mismo en presencia que en ausencia de cal en el subsuelo. La producción media de las parcelas, donde la mitad del abono se aplicó en el subsuelo y la otra mitad en la superficie, fué de 106.8 quintales por acre, tanto en ausencia como en presencia de cal. Las diferencias medias son significativas. Es de esperarse, que cuando las condiciones que afectan el desarrollo de las raíces sean favorables, tanto desde el punto de vista de las propiedades físicas, como de las propiedades químicas del suelo, se obtengan mejores rendimientos.
Título en español.
Authors: George N. Wolcott
Published: October 2020

La excelencia del control biológico resulta sólo en una aparente exterminación del insecto dañino por un período de años. La cochinilla pustulosa, Asterolecanium pustulans Cockerell, tan ávidamente engullida por la cotorrita, Chilocorus cacti Linnaeus, importado para ese fin, desapareció completamente para luego surgir después de 12 años.
Título en español.
Authors: George Samuels  , Pablo Landrau, Jr.
Published: October 2020

Las investigaciones relacionadas con la competencia entre el kudzu y la yerba Merker por el potasio, cuando se desarrollaron asociadas en una arcilla Fajardo en Río Piedras, demostraron lo siguiente: Las aplicaciones de potasio, óxido de magnesio, y borax no afectaron los rendimientos del kudzu ni los de la asociación kudzu-yerba Merker, cuando se cortaron dos veces sucesivamente. Los mayores aumentos en los rendimientos se obtuvieron cuando se aplicó potasio a la asociación kudzu-yerba Merker. En todas las parcelas que no recibieron aplicaciones de potasio, se observó clorosis en el kudzu, la cual estuvo caracterizada por una amarillez de las hojas más viejas. Estas aparentemente desarrollaron lesiones, como quemaduras, a lo largo de las márgenes. El estado clorótico se manifestó con mayor intensidad durante las épocas de sequía y con menor durante las de lluvia. Los análisis foliares de las muestras del kudzu y de la yerba Merker, tomadas simultáneamente durante el corte, señalaron diferencias importantes en el contenido de proteína, nitrógeno y fósforo que bien podrían atribuírsele a los tratamientos. El kudzu en asociación con la yerba Merker tuvo, en todos los casos, un contenido más bajo de potasio que el que creció solo. Los análisis de las muestras de hojas cloróticas de kudzu recogidas antes del corte, tuvieron un contenido menor de potasio que los de las hojas no cloróticas o normales obtenidas de la misma parcela. En este trabajo se presentó evidencia conseguida por varios investigadores relacionada con la competencia entre yerbas y leguminosas por el potasio. Los autores discuten también la importancia de dicha competencia para el desarrollo de las leguminosas en asociación con las yerbas en aquellos suelos que contengan poco potasio asimilable.
Análisis fenoménico de la técnica neuromuscular funcional como tratamiento para el SAOS
Authors: Rivera Capacho Eliana , Rangel Navia Heriberto José , Espinosa Calderón Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio es develar si la técnica Neuromuscular Funcional (NMF) puede ser considerada como opción de tratamiento en el Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva de Sueño (SAOS) y si se complementa con la Terapia Miofuncional Orofacial o hace parte de ella.

Métodos: la fenomenología trascendental de Husserl es el enfoque metodológico que se adoptó para este estudio, siguiendo la ruta para su desarrollo: epojé, reducción trascendental fenomenológica y síntesis. El contenido real se obtuvo mediante dos entrevistas semiestructuradas, aplicadas a un informante clave que contó con los criterios de inclusión presupuestados.

Resultados: en la primera etapa se identificaron 10 noesis y 266 noemas, que fueron relacionados entre sí; en la fase de reducción trascendental las noesis se redujeron a 5 y los noemas a 14.

Análisis y discusión: el Método Chiavaro como fenómeno se decanta en las dimensiones: (a) Enfoque Sistémico, (b) Técnica Neuromuscular Funcional y (c) Técnica Respiratoria. La prioridad del fenómeno NMF es la explicación de la alteración dentro del enfoque sistémico a partir de la lógica Función-Estructura-Función, de esta manera el SAOS se considera una manifestación de esas relaciones y como tal se le cataloga como adaptación o como función en disfunción.

Conclusiones: la Técnica NMF hace parte de la neurorrehabilitación mientras que la TMO para intervenir el SAOS se inscribe en la fisiología del ejercicio.
Análise cinemática do salto vertical pré e pós-fadiga induzida em atletas de futebol americano
Authors: Soares Willian Gobetti , Oliveira Ana Carolina Passos de , Santos Karini Borges dos , Lara Jerusa Petrovna Resende
Published: October 2020

Introdução: O futebol americano é caracterizado por um jogo de conquista de território que exige constantes ações de elevada intensidade em curtos períodos de intervalo durante toda a partida. Objetivo: Analisar o salto vertical com contramovimento, sob a indução de fadiga e os efeitos da coordenação articular do movimento sob a altura saltada em atletas de futebol americano. Metodologia: nove atletas amadores de futebol americano (25,22 ± 4,80 anos, 179,67 ± 6,15 cm e 89,78 kg ± 23,78 kg) realizaram um conjunto de testes compostos por salto vertical máximo, protocolo de fadiga Wingate, e novas tentativas de saltos máximos imediatamente após o termino da indução a fadiga, 30 segundos e 60 segundos após. Resultados: Houve diferença na altura máxima atingida no salto e coordenação de joelho e tornozelo esquerdo entre pré e imediatamente após o teste de Wingate. Correlações moderadas entre altura saltada e extensão máxima do quadril esquerdo e máxima extensão de tornozelo direito. Simetria bilateral foi mantida durante todo o teste. Conclusão: alterações biomecânicas do salto são verificadas principalmente logo após indução da fadiga. Parece que os atletas de futebol americano conseguem recuperar-se em curto período de tempo após indução a fadiga e voltar ao desempenho do salto inicial, ao mesmo tempo que mantém simetria do movimento.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O FOMENTO DO COOPERATIVISMO ESTUDANTIL NA UFFS CAMPUS CHAPECÓ/SC
Authors: Ruver Franco Apolo
Published: October 2020

Este estudo visa propor estratégias para fomentar o cooperativismo estudantil na UFFS Campus Chapecó. Para que o objetivo fosse alcançado, realizaram-se entrevistas com representantes de seis cooperativas estudantis dos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, a realização de uma pesquisa com os estudantes da UFFS, com vistas a compreender o seu perfil, a sua percepção quanto ao cooperativismo e a sua predisposição ao cooperativismo. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, classificada quanto aos fins como descritiva e quanto aos meios como estudo de campo. Como resultados da pesquisa, observa-se, que para a viabilização e consolidação de uma cooperativa de estudantes na UFFS Campus Chapecó, tornam-se necessárias a tomada de algumas medidas propostas em um plano de ações, como por exemplo, gerar conhecimento sobre cooperativismo entre os estudantes da universidade, definir o ramo de atuação da cooperativa, suas principais atividades e benefícios aos associados e o processo de constituição da cooperativa.
AS RAÍZES DA TEORIA DOS JOGOS E COMPORTAMENTO ECONÔMICO: UMA ANÁLISE EPISTEMOLÓGICA A PARTIR DOS TRABALHOS DE JOHN VON NEUMANN, OSKAR MORGENSTERN E JOHN FORBES NASH
Authors: Pott de Medeiros Angelica
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar sob um ponto de vista epistemológico a Teoria dos Jogos, baseando-se em von Neumann, Morgenstern e Nash, a partir de suas relevantes obras para o campo. Diante disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica visando sintetizar os principais aspectos epistemológicos e as principais correntes de pensamento científico e filosófico. A partir disso, foi possível avançar para a próxima etapa, que consistiu em uma análise documental das obras sob a ótica da epistemologia. Os resultados indicam que a Teoria dos Jogos aborda matematicamente o processo de tomada de decisão de agentes, cujo objetivo principal é a maximização da utilidade dos jogadores, que pautam-se em decisões racionais. Dessa forma, em seus conceitos é possível identificar, sobremaneira, características do utilitarismo e do positivismo.
The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Muhammad Akhtar Hunjra  , Hossein Karimi  , Syed Amir Gilani  , Ashfaq Ahmad  , Asim Raza
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuromobilization (NM) on the pain and active forward flexion of participants with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS).

Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in Social Security Hospital, Gujranwala. The duration of study was September 2016 to March 2018. A sample of 80 participants was selected and allocated in to two groups using computer generator method in simple random sampling technique.

Consent was taken from patients with SIS for this trial. At the first session, participants were randomly assigned to either control group (40) or experimental group (40). After the baseline assessment routine physiotherapy was executed for both groups, while NM was provided to experimental group. Pain and active forward flexion (AFF) were evaluated on baseline, 5th week and 11th week. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0).

Results: The experimental group compared with control group at 11th week had lower mean pain score 2.15(1.66-2.64) vs 4.90(4.41-5.40); between group difference, 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.38 to -1.25; P ? 0.001 and Partial ?2=0.33, similarly with AFF 147.13(142.46-151.79) vs 123.45(118.79-128.11); between group difference ,19.35; 95% CI,(12.86-25.83); P ? 0.001 and Partial ?2=0.30. Over all pain and AFF were improved among experimental group relative to control group at 11th week.

Conclusion: In an experimental setting, the delivery of neuromobilization led to significantly different outcomes in participants than in control group.

Clinical Trial Number: IRCT20190121042445N1.

Keywords:  shoulder impingement syndrome, pain, rotator cuff.

Continuous...
THE PRICE EVOLUTION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS
Authors: Ramescu Doriana Andreea , Sirghi Nicoleta
Published: October 2020

The economic crisis is a negative macroeconomic phenomenon with consequences both at European Union level and worldwide. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the variation of price levels in Romania, during the economic crisis until the end of 2015, compared with the Member States of the European Union and the countries of the European Free Trade Association. For this research, information provided by EUROSTAT was used, such as price level indices for actual individual consumption per capita, and for different goods and services, calculated based on purchasing power parity. The aim is to identify solutions to rising living standards, compared with more developed countries of the European Union. This paper presents possible solutions for avoiding a future economic crisis, caused by overconsumption. The paper is divided into four sections: introduction, part two which presents aspects of the economic crisis in Romania and in the European Union, the third part presents price level indices for different products and services in 2015, and the last part, the conclusions of the research.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WOMEN EXECUTIVES IN JAPAN AND ROMANIA
Authors: Roibu Irina , Roibu Paula Alexandra
Published: October 2020

Around the world employment of women on an equal bases allows companies, industries and countries to make better use of the available talent pool, generally with potential growth implication. In Japan, since 2013, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has been a ceaseless advocate for the increase in the number of female employees for the revival of the economy, and many governmental programs in support of working women have been put in place. However, the traditional Japanese management systems of lifetime employment, enterprise unions, seniority systems, together with a group-oriented and risk-adverse orientation make things change slowly. In Romania, the second country analyzed in this article, women entrepreneurs also face professional stereotypes, difficulties in getting specific jobs, traditional prejudices and a collective mentality related to women’s place in society. This article explores and compares how Romanian and Japanese cultures, societies, and economies have either encouraged, or discouraged, the growth of female entrepreneurship on their own territories, and analyzes how the best emerging female executives can be supported in the future in order to maximize their potential. The analysis is based on the data provided by OECD, the World Bank, the Global entrepreneurship monitor, Japan statistics, the legislations of the two countries and the literature related to the two social environments. The findings indicate that although there are many similarities between the two countries, the percentage of female executives in Japan is much smaller than the one in Romania. This is due to the fact that Japan, with all the governmental programs in action, for the moment, still has a stricter social and work environment, a weaker maternity and childcare legislation and a higher gender gap.
CULTURAL EMPLOYMENT BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Authors: Sava Diana , Badulescu Alina
Published: October 2020

The sector of the creative economy brings benefits to the economy, more exactly, through the cultural sector, due to the unlimited resources needed to develop – the human resources represented by their mind or talent. The industrial development and innovation lead towards many changes in the cultural industries mostly due to the digitization effect, an irreversible change in the creation of various cultural goods and services, resulting even new cultural domains and also new regulation in the cultural field. The goods and services produced by the new cultural sector “encompass artistic, aesthetic, symbolic and spiritual values (...) their system of valorisation, which includes a characteristic irreproducible, is linked to its appreciation or pleasure” makes them different from other goods and services as Throsby mentioned (UNESCO, 2009:22). This paper aims to show some positive impacts of the creative economy, highlighting social and economic aspects, such as cultural diversity, tolerance, freedom of expression of the cultural identity and by the other hand, new jobs for artists, earnings’ increases, creative clusters, cultural employment etc. We will also show more clearly the activities and the occupations which concern the cultural employment and figures regarding cultural employment in Europe.
HERITAGE AFFECTATION CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Popa Carmen Teodora
Published: October 2020

The present work intends to analyse the institution of affected heritage in the light of the rules and regulations of the civil code and the special laws. The constitution of an affected patrimony intended for the exercise of a profession or of the operation of an enterprise, constitutes a useful tool for legal professionals and separation from the rest, marks the separation from the rest of the assets and liabilities that constitute the guarantee of the general creditors of the person undertaking the physical authorized holder or individual members of the family enterprise.
Photo-identification of individual Southern Hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) using all available natural marks:
Authors: Franklin Wally , Franklin Trish , Harrison Peter , Brooks Lyndon
Published: October 2020

Misidentification errors in capture-mark recapture studies of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) related to poor quality of photographs as well as changes in natural marks can seriously affect population dynamics parameter estimates and derived estimates of population size when using sophisticated modelling techniques. In this study we used an innovative photo-identification matching system to investigate and examine the long-term stability and/or changes in natural marks on ventral-tail flukes, dorsal fin shapes and lateral body marks from a sample of 79 individual humpback whales, resighted in 2 to 11 years over timespans ranging from 2 to 21 years. A binary logistic mixed effects model, on a pair-matched sample of the 79 individual whales, found no significant differences in the proportions of ventral-tail fluke marks, dorsal fin shapes and lateral body marks, that displayed changes in primary and/or secondary characteristics over years (F=0.939, df=1/156, p =0.334). The results of this study substantiate the value and reliability of using primary and secondary natural marks on the ventral-tail flukes, in conjunction with dorsal fin shapes and secondary lateral body marks as double-tags. This provides a means of maximising observations of individual humpback whales over years, while minimising and managing misidentification errors in the photo-identification matching process, thus significantly improving modelling outcomes.
PERSEPSI HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KETERSEDIAAN KERUPUK AMPLANG TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DI KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Dian Sari
Published: October 2020

Ketika konsumen membeli kerupuk amplang, hal awal yang sering diperhatikan calon konsumen adalah harga, kemudian produk yang akan dibeli, kualitas serta ketersediaannya. Kepuasan pasca pembelian akan mendorong konsumen membeli dan mengkonsumsi ulang produk tersebut atau loyal. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi harga, kualitas dan ketersediaan produk kerupuk amplang terhadap loyalitas konsumen di Kabupaten Sambas. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) dengan beberapa pertimbangan, dimana amplang di kabupaten Sambas termasuk produk yang baru dipasarkan sehingga perlu dilakukan studi mengenai persepsi harga, kualitas produk dan ketersediaan kerupuk amplang terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling  Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang. Teknik Analisis data menggunakan menggunakan Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas dan analisis Regrasi berganda. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui Secara keseluruhan atribut meliputi harga, kualitas dan ketersediaan kerupuk amplang mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT (Studi di Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala dan Rumah Sakit Militer di Malang)
Authors: ANSYORI ANIS
Published: October 2020

Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala merupakan salah satu Rumah Sakit Swasta di Malang, adalah Rumah Sakit yang sudah terakreditasi , melayani semua lapisan masyarakat yang memerlukan jasa pelayanan Rumah Sakit. Sedangkan Rumah Sakit Militer merupakan satu-satunya rumah sakit militer di Malang sudah terakreditasi , adalah Rumah Sakit, disamping melayani Militer juga melayani masyarakat umum.

Terdapat banyak kesamaan karakteristik maupun kinerja dari kedua rumah sakit diatas, sehingga ingin diketahui apakah ada perbedaan kepuasan yang diperoleh oleh pelanggan diantara kedua rumah sakit tersebut dengan tolok ukur kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor kualitas pelayanan (dimensi keandalan, daya tangkap, kepastian, empati, bukti fisik) terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala Malang dan Rumah Sakit Militer di Malang. Dan faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan pasien rawat inap di kedua rumah sakit tersebut serta perbandingan Dimensi Mutu kedua Rumah Sakit.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada pasien rawat inap di kedua rumah sakit. Sebelum kuesioner disebar,dilakukan uji coba kepada 30 orang pasien untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas dari kuesioner. 200 orang pasien dari kedua rumah sakit dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan teknis statistik regresi dan uji t-test.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pasien di kedua rumah sakit. Namun tingkat kepuasan yang terbentuk ternyata tidak seluruhnya dibentuk dari kelima aspek atau atribut dari dimensi mutu. Untuk RS Panti Nirmala, kepuasan pasien terutama didapat dari kontribusi aspek reliability dan empathy. Sedangkan bagi RS Militer, kepuasan pasien didapat dari kontribusi aspek tangible, empathy dan responsibility. Selain itu, terdapat kemiripan karakterestik diantara pasien rawat inap dikedua Rumah Sakit. Kemiripan tersebut dalam hal karakteristik umur, tingkat pendidikan, dan pekerjaan. Kemiripan karakterestik responden ini berdampak kepada kemiripan persepsi dari responden tersebut dalam menilai pelayanan Rawat inap dari kedua Rumah Sakit, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kesamaan persepsi terhadap variabel tangible, reliability, assurance, emphaty dan responsibility. Kecuali aspek responsibility kedua Rumah Sakit memiliki penilaian yang sama dari responden terhadap aspek Tangible, Reliability, Assurance, dan Emphaty
Clinical comparative analysis of monophasic and multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in adults
Authors: Zang Wei-Zhou , Yang Hong , Li Dan , Zhao Zheng-Da , Sun Ya-Jing , Xia Ming-Rong , Jiang Shan , Zhang Jie-Wen
Published: October 2020

Introduction

This study aims to explore the clinical features and prognostic factors for relapse of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in adults.

Material and methods

56 patients with ADEM were retrospectively analyzed. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment and prognosis data of these patients were analyzed using the χ2 test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables. Then, the clinical characteristics and recurrence factors were summarized.

Results

56 patients with ADEM, based on the criteria of the International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, were recruited to the study. Among these patients, 31 were male and 25 were female. Furthermore, 13 patients had multiphasic ADEM, and 29 patients (52%) had definite incentive factors before onset. The commonest presenting symptoms and signs were fever (36%), disturbance of consciousness (52%), mental disorder (38%), seizure (14%), headache and dizziness (43%), optic neuritis (34%), autonomic nervous system symptoms (43%), limb paralysis or abnormal sensation (73%), and unilateral or bilateral pyramidal tract signs (48%). Inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid were prominent. MRI T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images displayed multiple or large flaky high signals, and the lesions were usually different in the number and distribution of these lesions. Intravenous corticosteroids and/or immunoglobulin were still important treatments in the acute phase. After treatment, 38 patients completely recovered, 9 patients had neurologic deficits, and 9 patients died.

Conclusions

ADEM in adults is not uncommon, its clinical features are complex and varied, and some of these are multiphasic. There may be some potential clinical predictors at first onset.
Characterization of secondary organic aerosol from heated
cooking oil emissions: evolution in composition and volatility
Authors: Takhar Manpreet , Li Yunchun , Chan Arthur W. H.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Cooking emissions account for a major fraction of urban organic aerosol. It is therefore important to understand the atmospheric evolution in the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds emitted from cooking activities. In this work, we investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from oxidation of gas-phase organic compounds from heated cooking oil. The chemical composition of cooking SOA is analyzed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While the particle-phase composition of SOA is a highly complex mixture, we adopt a new method to achieve molecular speciation of the SOA. All the GC elutable material is classified by the constituent functional groups, allowing us to provide a molecular description of its chemical evolution upon oxidative aging. Our results demonstrate an increase in average oxidation state (from −0.6 to −0.24), and decrease in average carbon number (from 5.2 to 4.9) with increasing photochemical aging of cooking oil, suggesting that fragmentation reactions are key processes in the oxidative aging of cooking emissions within 2 days equivalent of ambient oxidant exposure. Moreover, we estimate that aldehyde precursors from cooking emissions account for a majority of the SOA formation and oxidation products. Overall, our results provide insights into the atmospheric evolution of cooking SOA, a majority of which is derived from gas-phase oxidation of aldehydes.
A lightweight balloon-borne mid-infrared hygrometer to probe the middle atmosphere: Pico-Light H2O. Comparison with Aura-MLS v4 and v5 satellite measurements
Authors: Ghysels Mélanie , Durry Georges , Amarouche Nadir , Samake Jean-Christophe , Frérot Fabien , Rivière Emmanuel D.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Newly developed mid-infrared lightweight hygrometer, Pico-Light H2O has been tested in-flight on February 19, 2019 and October 16, 2019. It has been flown under a 1200 g rubber balloon operated by CNES from the Aire-sur-l'Adour facility (France) within the E.U. funded HEMERA WP11. During these two flights, we were able to obtain coincident MLS v4 and v5 water vapor and temperature profiles, leading to an inter-comparison between Pico-Light and Aura-MLS water vapor and temperature retrievals. Results from the comparison are in line with previous reported studies . Here, differences in the mid-latitude stratosphere and upper troposphere (20–316 hPa) are within 7 % and 64 % respectively. Largest differences with MLS v4 occurring within the upper troposphere nearby the cold point tropopause. The v5 MLS data have been corrected for observed dry bias nearby the tropopause, allowing to partially solve the observed discrepancies. Additionally, on February 19, the hygrometer has flown within an air filament from polar latitudes most of the flight for which a signature is observed on the water vapor profile and confirmed with ozone reanalysis from ERA 5and potential vorticity from MIMOSA advection model.
Resistance and resilience of stream metabolism to high flow disturbances
Authors: O'Donnell Brynn , Hotchkiss Erin R.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Streams are ecosystems organized by disturbance. One of the most frequent and variable disturbances in running waters is elevated flow. Yet, we still have few estimates of how ecosystem processes, such as stream metabolism (gross primary production and ecosystem respiration; GPP and ER), respond to high flow events. Furthermore, we lack a predictive frame- work for understanding controls on within-site metabolic responses to flow disturbances. Using five years of high-frequency dissolved oxygen data from an urban- and agriculturally-influenced stream, we estimated daily GPP and ER and analyzed metabolic changes across 15 isolated high flow events. Metabolism was variable from day to day, even during lower flows. Thus, we calculated metabolic resistance as the magnitude of departure from the dynamic equilibrium during antecedent lower flows and quantified resilience from the days until GPP and ER returned to the range of antecedent dynamic equilibrium. We evaluated correlations between metabolic resistance and resilience with characteristics of each high flow event, antecedent conditions, and time since last flow disturbance. ER was more resistant and resilient than GPP. GPP was typically suppressed following flow disturbances, regardless of disturbance intensity. In contrast, the ER magnitude of departure increased with disturbance intensity. Additionally, GPP was less resilient and took longer to recover (0 to > 9 days, mean = 2.2) than ER (0 to 2 days, mean = 0.6). Given the flashy nature of streams draining human-altered landscapes and the variable consequences of flow for GPP and ER, testing how ecosystem processes respond to flow disturbances is essential to an integrative understanding of ecosystem function.
Latitude and bathymetry modify lake warming under ice
Authors: Ramón Cintia L. , Ulloa Hugo N. , Doda Tomy , Winters Kraig B. , Bouffard Damien
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In late winter, solar radiation is the main driver of water motion in ice-covered lakes. The resulting circulation and mixing determine the spatial distribution of heat within the lake and affect the heat budget of the ice cover. Although under-ice lake warming is often modeled as a one-dimensional vertical process, lake bathymetry induces a relative excess heating of shallow waters, creating horizontal density gradients. This study shows that the dynamic response to these gradients depends sensitively on lake size and latitude – Earth rotation – and is controlled by the Rossby number. In the ageostrophic limit, horizontal density gradients drive cross-shore circulation that transports excess heat to the lake interior, accelerating the under-ice warming there. In the geostrophic regime, the circulation of the near- and off-shore waters decouple and excess heat is retained in the shallows. The flow regime controls the fate of this excess heat and its contribution to water-induced ice-melt.
Cisto ósseo solitário em mandíbula: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Assis Vilmara Geralda Francisco de , De Freitas Fernandes Aline , De Oliveira Monteiro Marco Antônio
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico de paciente com cisto ósseo solitário em mandíbula e sua evoluçãoapós o tratamento de exploração e curetagem cirúrgica por meio de achados radiográficos. Caso clínico:paciente do sexo masculino, 45 anos, compareceu à clínica da Faculdade de Estudos Administrativos – Fead.Ao exame clínico, os tecidos se apresentavam dentro dos padrões de normalidade e ao exame radiográficoobservou-se área radiolúcida unilocular, limites regulares e bem definidos em região anterior de mandíbulaentre ápices dos dentes 33, 32, 31, 41 e 42, sem deslocamento desses. Para confirmação do diagnóstico,além do exame clínico, foi necessário realizar a tomografia de feixe cônico e exploração cirúrgica. Após aexploração cirúrgica foi realizada a curetagem das paredes ósseas e a proservação do caso para acompanhara sua evolução. Considerações finais: por ser uma lesão de comportamento não agressivo, responde bem aeste tipo de tratamento, sendo notável sua melhora durante o período de acompanhamento.