bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Aboriginal peoples in Newfoundland and Labrador: Memorial's first‐year students (2013) speak
Authors: Godlewska Anne , Schaefli Laura , Massey Jennifer , Freake Sheila , Rose John
Published: November 2017

Key Messages

When invited to identify what they know about Aboriginal people, Memorial students reveal racism and stereotypes, and cannot describe the specificity and diversity of Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

Those able to perform best on our test tend to be less prejudiced.

Although the students perform badly on our test, most consider it a good measure of their knowledge.
Oncogenic spiral by infectious pathogens: Cooperation of multiple factors in cancer development
Authors: Yasunaga Jun‐Ichirou , Matsuoka Masao
Published: November 2017

Chronic infection is one of the major causes of cancer, and there are several mechanisms for infection‐mediated oncogenesis. Some pathogens encode gene products that behave like oncogenic factors, hijacking cellular pathways to promote the survival and proliferation of infected cells in vivo. Some of these viral oncoproteins trigger a cellular damage defense response leading to senescence; however, other viral factors hinder this suppressive effect, suggesting that cooperation of those viral factors is important for malignant transformation. Coinfection with multiple agents is known to accelerate cancer development in certain cases. For example, parasitic or bacterial infection is a risk factor for adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma induced by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1, and Epstein‐Barr virus and malaria are closely associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is accompanied by various types of infection‐related cancer. These findings indicate that these oncogenic pathogens can cooperate to overcome host barriers against cancer development. In this review, the authors focus on the collaborative strategies of pathogens for oncogenesis from two different points of view: (i) the cooperation of two or more different factors encoded by a single pathogen; and (ii) the acceleration of oncogenesis by coinfection with multiple agents.
Incorporating self‐determination into substance abuse prevention programming for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood
Authors: Salazar Amy M. , Noell Bailey , Cole Janice J. , Haggerty Kevin P. , Roe Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood are at higher risk for alcohol and substance abuse disorders than general population youth. At the same time, these youths are often recipients of strong clinical intervention, often at levels considered unnecessary, for other mental health or behavioural challenges. Because of this, there is sometimes resistance from providers to offer services such as substance abuse prevention programming as it may be seen as contributing to youths' overclinicalization, stigmatization, or retraumatization. Using thematic content analysis, this qualitative study analysed focus groups with community stakeholders providing recommendations on support services for youth transitioning from foster care to adulthood to derive strategies for delivering substance abuse prevention programming in a way that enhances youth self‐determination. Findings were organized by self‐determination theory's 3 key psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. All three needs were represented in stakeholder recommendations, which were translated into strategies for bolstering youths' achievement of each need. Strategies include a mix of those already present in motivational interviewing‐based brief substance abuse prevention interventions as well as more unique strategies that are much less frequently employed but that may better meet the needs of youth with foster care experience.
Equity of Access to Cultural Heritage: Museum Experience as a Facilitator of Learning and Socialization in Children with Autism
Authors: Deng Liya
Published: November 2017

This article discusses a study focused on investigating the effects of an art museum cultural experience on learning and behaviors of visitors with special needs. The participants, selected by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, were 10 families with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The author examined how the museum environment, with its opportunities for free‐choice, object‐based, and inquiry‐based learning, helped facilitate their educational and social needs. To record changes in the subjects' content knowledge and behavior, the author employed a mixed‐methods design, including the standardized Social Responsiveness Scale, parent surveys, behavioral observations, task evaluations, and parent interviews. The findings demonstrate that participation in a tailored educational museum program positively influences cognitive and social behaviors of children living with autism, thereby contributing to their overall well‐being. The paper also discusses implications for other museums nationwide working to establish quality access programs with long‐term benefits for special needs communities.
The World of Enlightenment: Constructing a Sense of Ritual Scene
Authors: Yang Pao‐Yi
Published: November 2017

As one of the semi‐permanent exhibitions of the Wereldmuseum (World Museum) in Rotterdam, the subject of “The World of Enlightenment” is to show the “teachings” of Japanese esoteric Buddhism. It is distinguishable from those religious exhibitions whose focus lies in introducing the religious materials based on an art‐historical perspective or the classification of a defined style and historical period, as its scope sought to show the audience how the Japanese “secret teaching” is experienced “in practice,” namely, in the ritual context. In order to engage museum audiences in the spirituality of Japanese esoteric Buddhist presented in this exhibition, the curator and museum staffs construct five temple‐like structures to group the religious objects and highlight their usage in Japanese esoteric ritual. This exhibition review intends to present the special strategy that “The World of Enlightenment” employs to construct a sense of ritual scene to its audiences: certain installations are placed both inside and outside of the five temple‐like structures to refer to the “metaphorical presence” of both the Japanese esoteric priest and worshiper, in so doing to make these “imagined” temple setups more “lifelike.”
Powerful Chief Executive Officers and Firm Performance: Integrating Agency and Stewardship Theory
Authors: Qiao Penghua , Fung Anna , Miao Jianchun , Fung Hung‐Gay
Published: November 2017

Do agency and stewardship behaviors coexist at firms, or does one dominate the other? We use data from listed companies in China over the period 2007–2016 to show that powerful chief executive officers (CEOs) simultaneously incur self‐interested agency costs while acting as stewards to benefit the firm. In balancing the push‐and‐pull forces of stewardship and agency behaviors, powerful CEOs in Chinese firms ultimately improve short‐term and long‐term firm performance. Our results have important implications for understanding how CEOs affect firms and how cultural factors can motivate CEOs to work in the interest of the firm.
Eco‐energetic consequences of evolutionary shifts in body size
Authors: Malerba Martino E. , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: November 2017

Size imposes physiological and ecological constraints upon all organisms. Theory abounds on how energy flux covaries with body size, yet causal links are often elusive. As a more direct way to assess the role of size, we used artificial selection to evolve the phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta towards smaller and larger body sizes. Within 100 generations (c. 1 year), we generated a fourfold difference in cell volume among selected lineages. Large‐selected populations produced four times the energy than small‐selected populations of equivalent total biovolume, but at the cost of much higher volume‐specific respiration. These differences in energy utilisation between large (more productive) and small (more energy‐efficient) individuals were used to successfully predict ecological performance (r and K) across novel resource regimes. We show that body size determines the performance of a species by mediating its net energy flux, with worrying implications for current trends in size reduction and for global carbon cycles.
Examining Estimates of Intervention Effectiveness Using Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: An Chen , Braun Henry , Walsh Mary E.
Published: November 2017

Making causal inferences from a quasi‐experiment is difficult. Sensitivity analysis approaches to address hidden selection bias thus have gained popularity. This study serves as an introduction to a simple but practical form of sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation procedures. We examine estimated treatment effects for a school‐based support intervention designed to address student strengths and needs in academic and nonacademic areas by leveraging partnerships with community agencies. Middle school (Grades 6–8) statewide standardized test scores in mathematics and English language arts (ELA) were examined for students in a large urban district who participated in City Connects during elementary school. Results showed that the estimated treatment effects in both subjects were reduced slightly with the inclusion of U, a hypothesized unobserved binary variable. However, simulated effects fell within one‐sided 90% confidence intervals for original treatment effects, suggesting only a mild sensitivity to hidden bias. Moreover, almost identical estimated treatment effects were observed when the magnitude of the mathematical difference between each pair of the conditional probabilities of U given the treatment indicator Z was the same.
On‐the‐ground application of the ‘temporary recommendation for use’ regulatory measure on off‐label use of baclofen for alcohol dependence in France: a regional survey of community pharmacies
Authors: Auffret Marine , Rolland Benjamin , Caous Anne‐Sylvie , Gaboriau Louise , Deheul Sylvie , Bordet Régis , Gautier Sophie
Published: November 2017

The ‘temporary recommendation for use’ (TRU) is a French novel regulatory measure for off‐label drug. The first TRU to be issued by the French drug agency (in March 2014) pertained to the off‐label use of baclofen for alcohol dependence (AD). We performed a questionnaire‐based survey of the on‐the‐ground application of the baclofen TRU among community pharmacies in northern France. A pharmacist from 70 of the 219 pharmacies contacted (response rate: 32.0%) completed the questionnaire. The mean ± standard deviation number of off‐label baclofen prescriptions for AD was 2.3 ± 2.2 per pharmacy per month. 65.2% of these prescriptions were issued by primary care physicians. 65.7% of the pharmacists had never seen ‘TRU’ written on the prescription, and 80.3% delivered a prescription without checking whether the patient had been included by the prescriber in the TRU. The main criterion used to identify off‐label prescribing was the patient's medical history (according to 74.6% of pharmacists) and the prescription of an above‐threshold dose (73.1%). 87.1% of the pharmacists were aware of the baclofen TRU, and 42.9% had actually read the document. 17.9% of the pharmacists estimated that the TRU had changed their attitude to off‐label baclofen prescription, and 29.9% (20 out of 67) of them wanted to be more involved in the TRU process. Community pharmacists were well informed about the off‐label use of baclofen for AD and the TRU. However, a majority of baclofen prescribers did not fulfill the TRU requirements while a majority of pharmacists did not exert any control over these off‐label prescriptions. In practice, in 2015 the TRU measure had thus a limited impact on both the baclofen prescribing and delivery practices.
Using regional scale flow–ecology modeling to identify catchments where fish assemblages are most vulnerable to changes in water availability
Authors: Hain Ernie F. , Kennen Jonathan G. , Caldwell Peter V. , Nelson Stacy A.C. , Sun Ge , McNulty Steven G.
Published: November 2017

Streamflow is essential for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and for supporting human water supply needs. Changes in climate, land use and water use practices may alter water availability. Understanding the potential effect of these changes on aquatic ecosystems is critical for long‐term water management to maintain a balance between water for human consumption and ecosystem needs.

Fish species data and streamflow estimates from a rainfall‐runoff and flow routing model were used to develop boosted regression tree models to predict the relationship between streamflow and fish species richness (FSR) under plausible scenarios of (1) water withdrawal, (2) climate change and (3) increases in impervious surfaces in the Piedmont ecoregion of North Carolina, U.S.A. Maximum monthly flow, the fraction of total flow originating from impervious surface runoff, coefficient of monthly streamflow variability, and the specific river basin accounted for 50% of the variability in FSR. This model was used to predict FSR values for all twelve‐digit Hydrological Unit Code catchments (HUC‐12s) in the North Carolina Piedmont under current flow conditions and under water withdrawal, climate change and impervious surface scenarios.

Flow–ecology modeling results indicate that predicted FSR declined significantly with increased water withdrawals. However, the magnitude of decline varied geographically. A “hot‐spot” analysis was conducted based on predicted changes in FSR under each scenario to understand which HUC‐12s were most likely to be affected by changes in water withdrawals, climate and impervious surfaces. Under the 20% withdrawal increase scenario, 413 of 886 (47%) HUC‐12s in the study area were predicted to lose one or more species. HUC‐12s in the Broad, Catawba, Yadkin and Cape Fear river basins were most susceptible to species loss.

These findings may help decision making efforts by identifying catchments most vulnerable to changing water availability. Additionally, FSR‐discharge modeling results can assist resource agencies, water managers and stakeholders in assessing the effect of water withdrawals in catchments to better support the protection and long‐term conservation of species.
Differences in innervated neurons of the internal anal sphincter based on age and sex: A histological study
Authors: Kaneko Tomoaki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Funahashi Kimihiko , Koike Junichi , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Kaneko Hironori
Published: November 2017

Aim

Previous studies have shown sex and age differences in anal sphincter function, but few morphological studies have focused on the quality and quantity of the nerves that control the sphincter muscles. The present study aimed to determine whether there are morphological and quantitative sex and age differences in the nerves in the conjoined longitudinal muscle.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective study using surgical specimens from 44 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection between 2003 and 2012. Hematoxylin–eosin‐ and S‐100‐stained peripheral nerves (nerve fibers and ganglion cells) in the conjoined longitudinal muscle beneath the dentate line were observed microscopically. A qualitative examination assessed the degeneration score, which was based on the presence or absence of karyopyknosis, vacuolar degeneration, acidophilic degeneration of the cytoplasm, denucleation and adventitial neuronal changes. For quantitative examinations, each neuronal and muscular area was traced to calculate the neuronal area ratio in S‐100‐immunostained photomicrographs at the observation site.

Results

Women had a significantly lower quantity of nerves than men. Older individuals (aged ≥80 years) had a significantly lower quantity of nerves than younger individuals. Furthermore, older individuals tended to show greater morphological changes that appeared to be a result of degeneration.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that anal hypofunction in women and older individuals might result from differences in the quantity and quality of the neurons controlling the anal sphincter muscle. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 495–500.
Combination of alfacalcidol and calcium improved handgrip strength and mobility amongIndonesian older women:Arandomized controlled trial
Authors: Setiati Siti , Anugrahini  , Fransiska Jane E , Tamin Tirza Z , Istanti Rahmi
Published: November 2017

Aim

To determine the effect of alfacalcidol on muscle strength and functional mobility inIndonesian older women whose handgrip strength was low.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial was carried out among 95 older women whose handgrip strength was ≤22 kg. Participants were randomized into two groups: 47 participants received alfacalcidol 0.5 μg/day and 48 participants received a placebo. Each participant in both groups was given calcium 500 mg/day. Handgrip strength as well as theTimed‐Up andGotest were measured before and after 90 days of intervention. Per protocol analysis after intervention between two groups was carried out.

Results

There was a significant improvement of handgrip strength in the group that received alfacalcidol compared with the placebo group (15.50vs13.75;P= 0.003). The median time for theTimed‐Up andGotest in the alfacalcidol group also improved significantly compared with the placebo group (9.01vs10.07,P= 0.028).

Conclusions

Alfacalcidol with daily doses of 0.5 μg significantly improved muscle strength and functional mobility in Indonesian older women.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 434–440.
Profiles of needs satisfaction and thwarting in older people living at home: Relationships with well‐being and ill‐being indicators
Authors: Vanhove‐Meriaux Charlotte , Martinent Guillaume , Ferrand Claude
Published: November 2017

Aim

To examine the profiles of basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS) and thwarting (BPNT) in older people living at home, their relationship with well‐being and ill‐being indicators, and how BPNS and BPNT needs were related to these indicators using regression analyses.

Methods

Participants (n = 182; mean age 73.33 years; SD 7.07 years) completed the measures of BPNS, BPNT, purpose in life, personal growth, subjective vitality, self‐esteem, positive and negative affective states, and depressive feelings. Sociodemographic data were collected.

Results

Cluster analyses show two distinct profiles: (i) high degrees of BPNS and low degrees of BPNT; and (ii) moderate degrees of both BPNS and BPNT. No effect of cluster membership on demographic characteristics was reported. Multivariate analysis of variance (manova) results showed that participants in profile 1 had a higher level of well‐being (personal growth, purpose in life, subjective vitality, self‐esteem and positive affective states) and a lower level of ill‐being (negative affective state and depressive feelings) than those in profile 2. For all participants, the findings showed that competence and relatedness need satisfactions were significantly and positively related to well‐being indicators (positive affective states, purpose of life and subjective vitality respectively). Autonomy and competence need thwarting were significantly and positively related to negative affective states.

Conclusions

The present results suggest using the BPNS and BPNT scales simultaneously to better understand the mechanisms that contribute to well‐being and ill‐being in older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 470–478.
Low‐cost visible and near‐infrared camera on an unmanned aerial vehicle for assessing the herbage biomass and leaf area index in an Italian ryegrass field
Authors: Fan Xinyan , Kawamura Kensuke , Xuan Tran Dang , Yuba Norio , Lim Jihyun , Yoshitoshi Rena , Minh Truong Ngoc , Kurokawa Yuzo , Obitsu Taketo
Published: November 2017

Automated monitoring systems with different temporal and spatial resolutions can achieve precision agriculture management. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems open new possibilities for effectively characterizing the variability within cropping systems with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, a UAV with a low‐cost visible and near‐infrared camera assessed the spatial variability in the herbage biomass (BM) and leaf area index (LAI) in an Italian ryegrass field. Using multiple linear regression (MLR) models, high coefficients of determination (R2) and low root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) values were obtained between the observed and predicted herbage BM (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 90.43 g m−2) and LAI (R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.82). The MLR models successfully recovered high‐resolution spatial distributions of the herbage BM and LAI from the ortho‐photos. The reconstructed maps verified that the proposed method can effectively characterize spatial field variations and assess forage growth to optimize field‐level forage crop management.
Strengthening the university executive: The expanding roles and remit of deputy and pro‐vice‐chancellors
Authors: Shepherd Sue
Published: November 2017

Deputy and pro‐vice‐chancellors (DVCs and PVCs) are core members of the executive team and play a pivotal role in university management. Nevertheless, they have rarely been the subject of empirical investigation. This study addresses this research gap, utilising a census to examine the size and remit of the DVC and PVC cohort in English pre‐1992 universities and map its evolution since 2005. It shows how these universities have increased the number of DVCs and PVCs, created new more managerial variants of the role and extended their collective remit. These developments evidence the extent to which pre‐1992 universities have strengthened their executive and adopted a more corporate post‐1992 university management model. Yet, despite the advent of new executive‐style roles, the endurance of the traditional floating policy PVC testifies to the continued salience of academic leadership—as well as more managerial approaches—in contemporary university management.
Quality assurance through accreditation: When resistance meets over‐compliance
Authors: Salto Dante J.
Published: November 2017

A large number of countries worldwide have established quality assurance mechanisms in Higher Education, ranging from the long‐engrained system (United States) to more recent developments in Europe, Latin America and other regions. This study explores the way Higher Education institutions, as examples of autonomous organisations, respond to a new set of regulatory policies. The analysis of the regulatees shows that university‐wide administration has gone beyond the letter of required regulations, toward over‐compliance. Far from a stereotype of a main external regulator (accreditation agency) trying to impose the stated regulations and the regulatee simply resisting, the latter adds a kind of self‐regulation. Below the university‐wide administration, at the programme level—the primary regulatee target of external regulators—matters take more typical, anticipated form. Mixed compliance characterises programme‐level responses, including resistance strategies. Findings illuminate not only the Argentine case but also other countries that have established quality assurance agencies.
Liminality in Management and Organization Studies: Process, Position and Place
Authors: Söderlund Jonas , Borg Elisabeth
Published: November 2017

This paper explores liminality, a concept receiving increased attention in management and organization studies and gaining prominence because of its capacity to capture the interstitial and temporary elements of organizing and work. The authors present a systematic review of the literature on liminality, covering 61 published papers, and undertake a critical analysis of how the concept of liminality has been used in prior research. This review reveals associations with three main themes: process; position; and place. For each theme, the authors identify the central research questions posed, while comparing individual and collective levels of analysis. During this process, the authors revisit several ideas central to the original, anthropological research on liminality, a perspective from which they suggest a rejuvenation of liminality research in management and organization studies. This paper argues for a greater focus on the liminal experience itself – especially its ritual and temporal dimensions – and for improving the comparative analysis of liminality following the three themes identified in this paper. The authors suggest that revising the agenda for liminality research along these lines could facilitate more informed responses to the challenges of an increasingly temporary and dynamic work life.
Relationship between urine pH and abnormal glucose tolerance in a community‐based study
Authors: Yoshida Sakiko , Miyake Teruki , Yamamoto Shin , Furukawa Shinya , Niiya Tetsuji , Senba Hidenori , Kanzaki Sayaka , Yoshida Osamu , Ishihara Toru , Koizumi Mitsuhito , Hirooka Masashi , Kumagi Teru , Abe Masanori , Kitai Kohichiro , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: November 2017

Aims/Introduction

The association between urine pH and abnormal glucose tolerance in men and women is unclear; therefore, we carried out a community‐based, cross‐sectional study to investigate sex‐specific associations between these values, possible indicators of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We enrolled 4,945 Japanese individuals (2,490 men and 2,455 women), who had undergone annual health checkups. To investigate the relationship between low urine pH and abnormal glucose tolerance, participants were divided into three groups based on their fasting plasma glucose levels (<6.11 mmol/L, 6.11–6.99 mmol/L and ≥6.99 mmol/L), and three groups based on their glycated hemoglobin levels (≤44.3 mmol/mol, 44.3–47.5 mmol/mol and ≥47.5 mmol/mol). To examine the effects of urine pH on abnormal glucose tolerance, participants were categorized into five groups based on their urine pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and ≥7.0).

Results

Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine and antidiabetic agent use showed significant associations between low urine pH and both high fasting plasma glucose and high glycated hemoglobin levels (P for trend = 0.0260, 0.0075) in men. Furthermore, after the same adjustments, prevalence rates of abnormal glucose tolerance (≥6.11 mmol/L and ≥6.99 mmol/L), increased significantly as urine pH levels decreased (P for trend = 0.0483, 0.0181) in men. In women, a similar trend was observed without a significant difference.

Conclusions

Low urine pH is significantly associated with abnormal glucose tolerance; therefore, measuring urine pH might prove useful for identifying patients at high risk for diabetes.
Inflation Announcements and Social Dynamics
Authors: HACHEM KINDA , WU JING CYNTHIA
Published: November 2017

We propose a new framework for understanding the effectiveness of central bank announcements when firms have heterogeneous inflation expectations. Expectations are updated through social dynamics and, with heterogeneity, not all firms choose to operate, putting downward pressure on realized inflation. Our model rationalizes why countries stuck at the zero lower bound have had a hard time increasing inflation without being aggressive. The same model also predicts that announcing an abrupt target to disinflate will cause inflation to undershoot the target, whereas announcing gradual targets will not. We present new empirical evidence that corroborates this prediction.
Microdata Evidence on the Empirical Importance of Selection Effects in Menu‐Cost Models
Authors: CARLSSON MIKAEL
Published: November 2017

We use microdata on product prices linked to information on the producing firms that set them to study to what extent the timing of price changes reacts to changes in marginal cost. This self‐selection of price changes is a key feature in the canonical Menu‐Cost model a la Golosov and Lucas Jr. (2007), which may generate near monetary neutrality (Golosov and Lucas Jr. 2007, Karadi and Reiff 2016), but is absent in the Calvo (1983) model. We find that the microdata strongly favors the Calvo (1983) model. Thus, upstream in the supply chain, price setting is best characterized by a very low degree of self‐selection into price changes.
Evaluation of Immediate Implants Augmented with Autogenous Bone/Melatonin Composite Graft in the Esthetic Zone: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hazzaa Hala H. A. , El‐Kilani Naglaa Sh. , Elsayed Shadia Abd‐Elhameed , Abd El Massieh Phoebe M.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following the application of autogenous bone (ABG)/melatonin composite graft around immediate implants in the esthetic zone compared to ABG alone.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐six patients with two nonrestorable anterior/premolar teeth were randomly classified into two equal groups. Dental implants were immediately inserted either with ABG (control group) or ABG/melatonin (test group). Outcome measures were peri‐implant sulcus depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and wound healing scores. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was recorded at baseline, 6, and 9 months.

Results

At the end of the study, a significant difference was shown in the mean of marginal bone loss between the control group (1.91 mm ± 0.42) and the test group (0.84 mm ± 0.34) at p = 0.0001. The test group showed a significant gain in bone density, 500.73 ± 40.92, versus 420.14 ± 38.33 in the control group (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the control group (0.68 ± 0.42) versus the test group (0.45 ± 0.49; p = 0.044) in GI. PD was significantly reduced at the end of the study in the test group (0.42 mm ± 0.50; p = 0.002), with a similar significant improvement in the healing scores (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, immediate implants augmented with ABG/melatonin composite graft would be a valuable option in the esthetic zone.
Analysis of Surface Roughness, Fracture Toughness, and Weibull Characteristics of Different Framework—Veneer Dental Ceramic Assemblies after Grinding, Polishing, and Glazing
Authors: Pradíes Guillermo , Godoy‐Ruiz Laura , Özcan Mutlu , Moreno‐Hay Isabel , Martínez‐Rus Francisco
Published: November 2017

Purpose

To compare the surface roughness and biaxial flexural strength of dental ceramics obtained after chairside surface modification by mechanical polishing procedures, versus laboratory reglazing.

Materials and Methods

Discs (16 × 1.5 ± 1.6 mm) (N = 90) of various framework‐veneering combinations were fabricated: D/FC: lithium disilicate/feldspathic ceramic; Z/AL: zirconium dioxide/aluminous ceramic; N/FC: noble alloy/feldspathic ceramic; N/FF: noble alloy feldspathic with fluorapatite; B/FC: base alloy/feldspathic ceramic; B/FF: base alloy/feldspathic ceramic with fluorapatite. In each group 10 specimens were ground using a diamond bur (46 μm) and five were polished with silicone‐reinforced disc polishers (25 μm). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using contact profilometry. After thermocycling in artificial saliva (6000 cycles, 5 to 55 ± 5°C), biaxial flexural strength was measured using “piston‐on‐three ball” test. The data (N) were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Tukey's posthoc tests. Weibull distribution values were calculated.

Results

Surface roughness was significantly higher in the ground group only (p < 0.0001). Mean fracture toughness was significantly lower for chipping (RK: 287, HS: 22, ISO: 1099 MPa) than for total fracture (p < 0.05), (RK: 841, HS:64, ISO: 3222 MPa). For chipping, Weibull distribution presented the highest shape value (m) for D/FC (3.82‐5.07) and for total fracture for B/FC (3.69‐4.6).

Conclusion

Chairside surface polishing restored veneer ceramic roughness and mechanical strength to the level of glazing. Feldspathic ceramic with fluorapatite presented better polishing results than conventional feldspathic ceramic did. Ceramic fused to metal was more resistant than lithium disilicate or zirconium dioxide framework‐veneer assemblies. Lithium disilicate framework veneered with feldspathic ceramic presented more durability against chipping. Clinical implications: After chairside occlusal modifications in the surfaces of cemented all‐ceramic or fused‐to‐metal FDPs, mechanical polishing procedures should always be carried out.
Self‐determination theory as a foundation for personality researchers
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Prentice Mike
Published: November 2017

In this introductory article, we first describe the impetus for this special issue. What made us think that self‐determination theory (SDT) might provide a sort of foundation for the rest of personality psychology? For readers unfamiliar with SDT, we then provide a historical overview that covers the evolution of the six “mini‐theories” that currently compose SDT: cognitive evaluation theory, causality orientations theory, organismic integration theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, and relational motivation theory. Following each section are preliminary suggestions about how each mini‐theory might be useful or informative in other branches of personality. This special issue contains nine articles, each of which makes its own attempt to newly link its area of personality research to SDT. Even if SDT is not the appropriate seed for greater consilience in personality psychology, we urge the field not to neglect the search for unifying principles (Sheldon, Cheng, & Hilpert, 2011); it may finally be time to renew the search for a “grand theory” in personality.
Navigated retrograde endoscopic myotomy (REM) for the treatment of therapy‐resistant achalasia
Authors: Pham K. D. , Havre R. F. , Langø T. , Hofstad E. F. , Tangen G. A. , Mårvik R. , Pham T. , Gilja O. H. , Hatlebakk J. G. , Viste A.
Published: November 2017

Background

In achalasia, muscle spasm may involve the proximal esophagus. When the muscle spasm is located in the proximal esophagus, conventional per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may not be sufficient to relieve symptoms. In this paper, we describe retrograde endoscopic myotomy (REM) as a novel approach to perform myotomy of the proximal esophagus, with the application of a navigation tool for anatomical guidance during REM. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of REM and usefulness of the navigation during REM.

Method

A 42‐year‐old male with type III achalasia who was treated with laparoscopic myotomy with fundoplication, multiple pneumatic balloon dilations, Botox injections and anterior POEM of the middle and distal esophagus without symptomatic effect. Repeated high‐resolution‐ manometry (HRM) revealed occluding contractions of high amplitude around and above the aortic arch. A probe‐based real‐time electromagnetic navigation platform was used to facilitate real‐time anatomical orientation and to evaluate myotomy position and length during REM.

Results

The navigation system aided in identifying the major structures of the mediastinum, and position and length of the myotomy. Twelve weeks after REM, the Eckardt score fell from seven at baseline seven to two. We also observed improvement with reduction of the pressure at the level of previous spasms in the proximal esophagus from 124 mmHg to 8 mmHg on HRM.

Conclusion

REM makes the proximal esophagus accessible for endoscopic myotomy. Potential indication for REM is motility disorders in the proximal esophagus and therapy failure after POEM.
The subversion of Mill and the ultimate aim of nursing
Authors: Snelling Paul C.
Published: November 2017

This is lightly edited and referenced version of a presentation given at the 20th International Philosophy of Nursing conference in Quebec on 23rd August 2016. Philosophical texts are not given the same prominence in nurse education as their more valued younger sibling, primary research evidence, but they can influence practice through guidelines, codes and espoused values. John Stuart Mill’s harm principle, found in On Liberty, is not a universal law, and only a thoroughgoing libertarian would defend it as such, though it, or its remnants, can be seen can be seen in policy documents. But its influence is weakening. Smoking bans in enclosed spaces were initially justified with other‐regarding considerations, but judgements from unsuccessful legal challenges from patients in UK psychiatric hospitals rely on preventing harm to the smoker, even when smoking outside, which does not harm others. In the wake of legislation, no‐smoking policies enacted by hospitals are becoming more aggressive, banning smoking both inside and outside, and extending the use of power gained through employment to prevent nurses assisting patients enjoy a lawful habit. Mill’s dictum has been subverted, and this speaks to the fundamental purpose of nursing. Should nurses collude and willingly exert their power for their version of the good of the patient? Or should they instead reaffirm values that support and facilitate life choices made by autonomous people? The paper supports the latter option, and this has wider application for nursing which can be illuminated, if not settled, by revisiting Mill and his famous dictum.
Gene cloning of ZmMYB59 transcription factor in maize and its expression during seed germination in response to deep‐sowing and exogenous hormones
Authors: Du Longgang , Jiang Hongye , Zhao Guangwu , Ren Jingyu
Published: November 2017

Discovering the key genes responsible for deep‐sowing germination is very meaningful to cultivate maize varieties with strong germination ability in soil. In this study, ZmMYB59 gene whose functions remain unknown was successfully cloned. Subcellular localization showed that ZmMYB59 was localized in the nucleus. By analysing cis‐acting elements of its promoter sequence, many elements of MYB binding domain responsive to hormones (particularly gibberellin, GA) were found. On this basis, ZmMYB59 expression in different sowing depths, germination stages, tissues and treatments was analysed by real‐time PCR. ZmMYB59 expression levels in embryos or seedlings were significantly decreased with the increase in sowing depth at 2 days or 4 days after sowing (DAS). Further analysis showed that its expression in mesocotyls was also significantly downregulated with the increase in sowing depth at both 6 DAS and 8 DAS. Similarly, seed soaking with 10‐5 M GA3 inhibited ZmMYB59 expression in mesocotyls at 3 DAS. These results suggest that ZmMYB59 may play a negative regulatory role in seed germination in deep soil and the regulation is involved in GA signalling pathway.
Considerations in surgical management of a Buschke–Lowenstein tumor in Netherton syndrome: A case report
Authors: Ashton Rosalind , Moledina Jamil , Sivakumar Branavan , Mellerio Jemima E. , Martinez Anna E.
Published: November 2017

Netherton syndrome is an autosomal recessive ichthyosis caused by mutations in SPINK5, with the classic triad of linearis circumflexa, trichorrhexis invaginata, and atopy. There are few reports of surgical management in individuals with Netherton syndrome and clinicians may be reluctant to operate for fear of wound‐healing complications. This report describes a pediatric case of a Buschke–Lowenstein tumor of the natal cleft in a patient with Netherton syndrome that had failed to respond to medical management. We reviewed the literature for previous cases of surgery in individuals with Netherton syndrome using MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Our patient underwent surgery to remove the lesion without complication. Using conventional dressings and topical negative‐pressure therapy, the wound was managed and healed within a reasonable time frame despite the underlying skin condition. This case indicates that surgery and topical negative‐pressure therapy is a safe and reasonable treatment for individuals with Netherton syndrome.
Infantile hemangiomas with conjunctival involvement: An underreported occurrence
Authors: Theiler Martin , Baselga Eulalia , Gerth‐Kahlert Christina , Mathes Erin F. , Schwieger‐Briel Agnes , Chaloupka Karla , Weibel Lisa , Frieden Ilona J.
Published: November 2017

Background/Objectives

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) involving the conjunctiva are only anecdotally reported in the literature and little is known about their clinical course. In a retrospective case series we aimed to better delineate the clinical presentation, complications, and response to treatment of this uncommon subtype of IH. A classification of conjunctival IH is proposed.

Methods

Medical charts at three academic pediatric dermatology institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected on the clinical characteristics, ophthalmologic findings, treatments, and outcomes of 22 individuals with conjunctival IH.

Results

Growth characteristics of conjunctival IH closely mirrored those of their cutaneous counterparts. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were associated with the IH in six individuals (27%); in three, they were considered severe. Seventeen subjects (77%) required treatment, most commonly because of risk of ocular compromise. All treated individuals responded favorably to topical timolol or systemic propranolol.

Conclusion

Conjunctival IH have clinical characteristics similar to those of cutaneous IH and respond readily to beta‐blocker treatment. Ocular complications may occur in a minority of individuals receiving treatment.
Extracellular Matrix Containing in vitro Three‐dimensional Tumor Models in Photodynamic Therapy‐related Research
Authors: Čunderlíková Beata
Published: November 2017

Three‐dimensional (3D) tumor models have been intensively evaluated for their use in cancer research, and there is a strong rationale behind using 3D cell cultures in photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐related experimentation. In this contribution, it is explained why 3D cell cultures containing extracellular matrix (ECM) are preferred for this purpose. Results of experimental studies utilizing ECM‐containing 3D cellular models in PDT research are summarized. Finally, the design of in vitro 3D models that would provide clinically relevant information is discussed.
Mediatory Versus Legalistic Discourse in Chinese Courts
Authors: He Xin , Li Luoyun , Feng Yuqing
Published: November 2017

Drawing from detailed courtroom discourses on divorce cases in China, this article provides a micro‐level comparison between two styles of case handling: mediatory and legalistic. The two styles differ in discourse multiplicity, discourse interchange, interruption, and dispute processing. It finds that in terms of dispute resolution, the mediatory style seems to fare better than the legalistic style. One major reason for the difference is that the legalistic style tends to suppress rather than uncover what truly matters for the litigants. The mediatory style also seems to better fit the cultural expectation of suburban and rural China. The findings compel reconsideration of the extent to which rule formalism in transitional China should be promoted.
Restoration of a Danube floodplain forest: what happens to species richness of terrestrial beetles?
Authors: Gruppe Axel , Kilg Markus , Schopf Reinhard
Published: November 2017

Along the upper Danube, between river kilometer 2,472 and 2,464 (Bavaria, Germany), a managed hardwood forest was reconnected to the river via a newly carved floodplain channel. We report the stepwise alteration of the diversity of terrestrial beetles for six successive years from 2007 to 2012. In a 2‐year preliminary period (2007–2008), we recorded the baseline stage before the technical measures were implemented (2009–2010) and the onset of restoration occurred (2011–2012) with a continuous water flow in the new channel and seven flooding events. Each sample plot was equipped with a pitfall trap, an emergence photo‐eclector, an arboreal photo‐eclector, and a flight interception trap in breast height and in the canopy, respectively. The beetle communities act as an indicator to detect possible disturbance events when a riparian hardwood forest is stepwise transformed to become a new floodplain ecosystem. Within the 6‐year study period, we trapped 62,107 individual beetles, representing 85 families, 544 genera, and 1,191 species. Compared to the baseline stage, the abundance and the number of species decreased, including rare and red list species. On functional level, the species decline was particularly pronounced for zoophagous and mycetophagous species. Finally, we suppose that the 2‐year period since the launch of the new channel is too short for the establishment of a beetle community adjusted to the terrestrial part of the developing new floodplain forest.
Evaporation of a Liquid Droplet in the Presence of a Nanoparticle
Authors: Arun Kumar V. , Sathian Sarith P.
Published: November 2017

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to understand the evaporation of a liquid droplet in the presence of a solid nanoparticle. The influence of solid–liquid interaction strength (εsl) on the evaporation properties was addressed. The system consists of a solid nanoparticle (platinum) engulfed in a droplet (argon) in Argon vapor environment. After the equilibration of this nanoparticle embedded droplet with its vapor, the boundary of this system is heated continuously to evaporate the droplet. It is observed that the addition of a nanoparticle to the droplet resulted in a slower evaporation rate when compared to that of a pure droplet. It was found that the evaporation rate of the droplet is decreased with increasing solid–liquid interaction strength (εsl) and those liquid atoms around the solid nanoparticle with higher εsl are able to delay evaporation even at higher temperature owing to its decreased interfacial resistance. In order to analyze further on the vibrational coupling of the solid and liquid atoms, the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of the solid atoms is studied. It is observed that the DOS of the solid atoms exhibited a higher population in the lower frequency range with the highest peak observed for a lower value of εsl. For low values of εsl, we observe a decrease in the overlap between the VDOS of the solid atom and the interfacial liquid atoms. It is observed that for higher values of εsl, the particle is able to retain a structured layer of liquid even at high temperature and also a higher heat input is necessitated to break the interaction strength of the liquid molecules around the solid nanoparticle, which makes it possible in delaying the complete evaporation of the droplet.
Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection Heat Transfer From a Vertical Hollow Cylinder Suspended in Air
Authors: Acharya Swastik , Agrawal Sumit , Dash Sukanta K.
Published: November 2017

Natural convection heat transfer from a vertical hollow cylinder suspended in air has been analyzed numerically by varying the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the laminar (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 108) regime. The simulations have been carried out by changing the ratio of length to pipe diameter (L/D) in the range of 0.05 ≤ L/D≤20. Full conservation equations have been solved numerically for a vertical hollow cylinder suspended in air using algebraic multigrid solver of fluent 13.0. The flow and the temperature field around the vertical hollow cylinder have been observed through velocity vectors and temperature contours for small and large L/D. It has been found that the average Nusselt number (Nu) for vertical hollow cylinder suspended in air increases with the increase in Rayleigh number (Ra) and the Nu for both the inner and the outer surface also increases with Ra. However, with the increase in L/D, average Nu for the outer surface increases almost linearly, whereas the average Nu for the inner surface decreases and attains asymptotic value at higher L/D for low Ra. In this study, the effect of parameters like L/D and Ra on Nu is analyzed, and a correlation for average Nusselt number has been developed for the laminar regime. These correlations are accurate to the level of ±6%.