bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1872 – Comorbidity Between Panic Disorder With And Without Co-occurring Depression And Personality Disorders: a Systematic Review
Authors: Navinés R. , Gutiérrez F. , Subirà S. , Obiols J. , Binelly C. , Martín-Santos R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms. The diagnosis frequently is associated to other comorbid axis-I psychiatric disorders, especially depressive disorders. Moreover panic disorder can also be comorbid with axis-II diagnosis of Personality Disorder1(PDs).

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing comorbidity between current DSM-IV axis I panic disorder with and without co-occurring depression and current DSM-IV axis II PDs.

Methods

We review all database from 1987 until January 2012 of all relevant cross-sectional and case-control studies which evaluate the comorbidity between panic disorders and PDs.

Results

We found 97 possible papers, 20 entered in the review. Among patients with a current DSM-IV panic disorder 44.3% [34.6, 54.2] had any PDs; 6.3% [3.1, 10.4] had any cluster A-PDs; 17.9% [12.2, 24.2] any cluster B-PDs, and 34.9% [25.6, 44.7] had any cluster C-PDs. Among patients with a current DSM-IV panic disorder and co-occurring depression 61.8% [44.6, 77.7] had any personality disorder 7.2% [4.4, 10.5] had any cluster A-PDs; 24.0% [17.6, 30.9] any cluster B-PDs, and 38.6% [25.7, 52.2] had any cluster C-PDs.

Conclusions

The comorbidity between Panic disorder and Personality disorders is common. Cluster C-PDs was the most frequent PDs subtype related to panic disorder. Personality disorders were more prevalent among individuals with panic disorder and co-occurring depression. Further evaluations including dimensional and characterial dimensions are needed.Goodwin RD, Brook JS, Cohen P. Panic attacks and the risk of personality disorder. Psychol Med. 2005;35:227-35.
1879 – Interrelationship Of Prevalence Of Non-psychotic Mental Disorders, Level Of Unemployment, Poverty And Incomes On Territories Of Siberia And Far East
Authors: Gychev A.
Published: July 2013

Analysis of 12-year dynamics of indices of documented morbidity with mental disorders on territories of Siberia and Far East and number of unemployed persons in this period has shown presence of positive close association of these data (respectively, r=0,85 and r=0,95; p<0,05). Analogous interrelationships of mental disorders has been revealed also with number of employed in economics population of able-bodied age (r=0,94 and r=0,99). We have not found significant differences in interrelationships of employed and unemployed population with indices of poverty (percent of persons with incomes below cost of living) and monetary incomes; poverty is not a distinctive characteristic of unemployment. In Siberian regions, interrelationship of poverty and number of unemployed persons and employed in economics ones is similar both in closeness and in negative directedness (r=-0,57 and r=-0,56; p<0,05). In Far East regions, correlations of considered parameters have not been identified (r=0,33 and r=0,28; p>0,2); with cash incomes, both categories of economically active population (employed and unemployed) have negative relationship at level of significance 80% (r=-0,48 и r=-0,47; p<0,2). In Siberia, considered relationships are not reliable.

For non-psychotic mental disorders in Siberian region negative correlation relationship of number of patients with organic nonpsychotic disorders (r=-0,56; p<0,05), affective non-psychotic disorders (r=-0,49; p<0,1) and behavioral disorders and personality disorders in adults (r=-0,75; p<0,05) with poverty of the population was typical. In Far East we have revealed negative interrelationships of prevalence of organic non-psychotic disorders (r=-0,51; p<0,05) and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (r=-0,54; p<0,05) with cash incomes.
1882 – The Association Between Post-stroke Depression And Mortality: a Metaanalysis
Authors: Bartoli F. , Lillia N. , Lax A. , Crocamo C. , Mantero V. , Pini E. , Carrà G. , Agostoni E. , Clerici M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Stroke represents the third most frequent cause of mortality in developed countries, following only coronary heart diseases and cancer. Post-Stroke Depression (PSD) is extremely common among stroke survivors, and it may have great burden on the likelihood of functional recovery and long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that PSD is related to a higher rate of mortality among people suffering from a stroke.

Aim

To estimate the risk of mortality among subjects suffering from PSD as compared with stroke survivors who did not suffer from PSD.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of papers indexed in Pubmed. Both fixed and random-effects methods for estimating association and time-to-event pooled effects were used. The presence and the level of heterogeneity were assessed using Q test and I2 statistic.

Results

Seven papers had data suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled association effect for mortality at follow-up in people with PSD were statistically significant (p< 0.05). The time-to-event estimation showed a statistically significant correlation exclusively under the fixed effect analysis.

Conclusions

These findings pointed out the potential burden of PSD on post stroke mortality. Further investigation is required to clarify the nature of PSD/mortality association.
1885 – N-acetylcystein In The Treatment Of Skin-picking Disorder
Authors: Jesus G. , Silva-Netto R.A. , Nogueira M. , Tavares H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

N-acetylcystein (NAC) is a precursor to the amino acid cysteine, which participates in antioxidant mechanisms through glutathione production and plays a role as a modulator of the glutamatergic system of neurotransmission. Thus, NAC may exert therapeutic effect in psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

Review the potential therapeutic effects of NAC in psychiatry, with main focus on syndromes of the obsessiveimpulsive spectrum, namely skin-picking disorder (SPD), with report of a case series.

Methods

Review of literature collected under key-words “n-acetylcysteine; psychiatric”, “skin-picking disorder”. Report of a series of three cases of patients with SPD treated with NAC.

Results

The three patients were being treated for different multi-impulse control disorders, all of them suffering from SPD. In combination with previously given pharmacological agents, they were administered NAC in dosages from 1200 to 1800 mg/day. All patients had great improvement of skin picking behaviours resistant to other treatments. It was also observed that worsening of symptoms occurred after stopping the NAC and restarting the drug led to new remission of symptoms.

Discussion

Studies suggest that modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission may decrease compulsive behaviors such as skin-picking, by influencing the reward reinforcement pathway. NAC may be used to achieve this modulation. The fact that in the case series stopping/re-starting the NAC corresponded respectively to worsening/improvement of symptoms, suggests direct relation between treatment with NAC and remission of SPD.

Conclusion

SPD is a prevalent and insufficiently studied condition and randomized controlled studies are needed to ascertain the potential benefits of NAC for patients with the disorder.
1889 – Molecular Genetic Study Of Schizophrenia
Authors: Barylnik J. , Kolesnichenko E. , Abrosimova J. , Pakhomova S. , Borodulin V. , Samoilova D.
Published: July 2013

The genetic determinism with such mental illnesses as schizophrenia has been insufficiently studied.

The aim of our study was to analyze the association of Val66Met polymorphism (Val allele and Met) for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF gene) with the efficiency of therapy in patients with schizophrenia.

Were examined 142 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. All patients received different versions of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy.

Was found that the presence of Met allele genotype for the studied BDNF gene polymorphism determines a tendency to a more malignant clinical course with resistance to antipsychotic treatment in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The results of molecular genetic analysis of schizophrenia will lead to better treatment this disorder and may be used in medical and genetic counseling.
1896 – Executive Functions And Impulsivity In Alcohol Dependence: Focus On Drinking Behaviour
Authors: Tedeschi D. , Martinotti G. , Di Nicola M. , De Vita O. , Hatzigiakoumis D.S. , Pozzi G. , Janiri L.
Published: July 2013

There is increasing consensus on the notion of addiction as a brain disorder characterized by longstanding changes in cognitive functioning, especially in so-called executive functions. Recent evidences indicate that specific components of executive functions, considered the domain of the frontal lobes, including dysfunctional impulsivity, could be considered a hallmark of addiction.

Aim of the present study was to explore the domain of executive functions in abstinent non comorbid alcohol dependent subjects, in comparison with matched non clinical controls. Any relationship with impulsivity and drinking behaviour (binge drinking) was also investigated.

We used a selective battery of neuropsychological tests designed to assess several components of executive functions, including fluency, working memory, analogical reasoning, interference and cognitive flexibility, attention, concentration, problem solving strategy and abstract reasoning. BIS-11 was also administered to explore impulsivity levels.

Significant differences in many of the domains explored between alcohol dependent patients and controls have been founded. Intriguingly, impulsivity in alcoholics seems to not inhibit cognitive performance. Data about binge drinking will be also presented.

Our results show that alcohol dependent patients present a weaker performance in all the domains referable to executive functions when compared to controls. Disruptions in inhibitory control are central to many theories of addiction; the inhibitory activities of the Frontal and Prefrontal Cortex, are particularly important when an individual needs to over-ride a reflexive response, such as a craving response to drug-related cues.
1898 – Psychomotor Agitation In a Psychiatric Emergency Service
Authors: Ferreira P.M. , Guerra C. , Silva A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Psychomotor agitation is a relatively frequent condition in Psychiatric Emergency Services. It consists in excessive motor activity and without purpose, with high tension and inability to maintain attention. It carries the risk of compromising the physical integrity of the patient himself or others, usually accompanied by hostility and destructive and / or aggressive behaviors.

Objectives

The authors intend to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the approach of agitated patients in a Psychiatric Emergency Service.

Methods

It was randomly selected a sample of 52 patients who attended the Metropolitan Psychiatric Emergency Service at Centro Hospitalar São João - Oporto for episode of moderate to severe psychomotor agitation, from January 2012 to August 2012.

The authors proceeded to retrospective data collection, including gender, age, diagnosis, the need of physical restraint, the psychotropic therapy instituted and the medical orientation of the patients.

Results

In a sample where the average age of patients is 39.7 years and in which 54% are women, the most common diagnoses were psychosis and manic episodes.

Physical restraint was required in 17% of patients and 48% accepted oral treatment. Diazepam and olanzapine were the most used drugs orally and haloperidol was the most frequent intramuscular / intravenous treatment.

Hospitalization was required in 73% patients.

Conclusions

With the development of new psychotropic drugs, including benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, the need of physical restraint decreased. In agitated patients, immediate action is essential to enable effective and rapid control of symptoms, as most situations are serious and require hospitalization.
1903 – Effect Of a Single Dose Of Methadone On Saccadic Refixations In Opioid Addicted Subjects With Hiv (+) And Hiv (-)
Authors: Feit J. , Nowińska E. , Pasgreta K. , Lasoń W. , Walecki P. , Gorzelańczyk E.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Eye movements are closely related to cognitive and emotional functions. Information of saccadic dynamics during certain tasks may indicate disorders of mental functions that can help to explain the neurobiology of sensory-motor systems and be useful in neuropsychiatric diagnosis.

Aims/objectives

This study aims to assess the impact of a therapeutic dose of methadone on eye movements (saccades) in opioid addicted subjects with HIV(+) and HIV(-).

Methods

Sixty patients (29 patients with HIV(-) and 31 of HIV(+)) from the substitution program were examined. The examination was conducted twice: before and 1,5 hours after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone. Performed Latency Test (LT) with saccadometr diagnostic system.

Results

Mean duration of latency measured by LT Test after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone increases significantly in HIV(-) subjects but the mean peak velocity decrease in the study group. Mean peak velocity latency in HIV(+) subjects is not statistically significant. Mean duration and amplitude of latency after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone is a statistically significant in opioid addicted subjects with HIV(+). It was found that the mean peak velocity before the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone was statistically significantly different in HIV(-) subjects as compared to HIV(+) ones.

Conclusion

The increase of saccadic refixation parameters values in opioid-addicted subjects after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone was observed.
1907 – Can Somatization Be An Expressive Channel For Living Kidney Donors? “egyptian Study”
Authors: El-Bahaey W.
Published: July 2013

Background

Living kidney donors (LKDs) are usually motivated by their willingness to save a near relative's life besides adopting altruistic attitude which reduce their concern about the risks of post-donation morbidity or mortality. They rarely express psychological suffering related to donation, with the possibility that this suffering takes an indirect pathway to be expressed such as via somatic complaints. objectives: To assess the prevalence of unexplained somatic symptoms among LKDs and the factors contributing to its existence.

Subjects and methods

50 LKDs who were almost related to their recipients. Both physical and psychiatric examination was done for them besides psychometric assessment with Middle Sex Hospital Questionnaire (MSHQ).

Results

58% of donors (Ds) had somatic complaints, but only 16% had underlying physical causes for it and the other 42% were considered to have unexplained somatic symptoms (USSs). The mean score of Ds on the somatization subscale of MSHQ (7.12 ±3.67) was significantly higher than their mean score on other subscales. Females had higher score than males, and the current physical status of recipients rather than that of donors was the most influential on the degree of somatization.

Conclusion

USSs are common among LKDs and seem to be a substitution for expressing anxious or depressive feelings. More psychological care -pre- and post-donation- should be afforded to living donors to avoid selection of risky subjects and to minimize the development of post donation conflicts.
1908 – Brain Morphology Of Subjects With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder With And Without Antipsychotic Medication - The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Moilanen J. , Huhtaniska S. , Haapea M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J. , Isohanni M. , Koponen H. , Miettunen J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Recently many studies have suggested more brain morphometric changes occurring in people with schizophrenia who use antipsychotic medication compared to those who do not.

Objectives

We will study the brain morphology of subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with and without antipsychotic medication.

Aim

Our aim was to compare the brain morphology of subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with and without antipsychotic medication after in average ten years of illness, and analyse the association between cumulative dose of lifetime antipsychotic medication and brain morphology.

Methods

Data of 66 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean duration of illness 10.4 years) from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort were gathered by interview and from hospital records. Structural MRI data at age 34 years were acquired from all participants on a GE Signa system operating at 1.5T.

Results

Of the subjects 16 (24%) had taken no antipsychotics during the previous year. We found no significant differences on total grey matter volumes (TGM) between subjects with and without antipsychotic medication. In the voxel-based analyses subjects with medication had lower volume in left parahippocampal gurys (p = 0.003), when adjusted for sex, onset age, TGM and remission status. There were no associations between lifetime antipsychotic dose and brain morphology.

Conclusions

We were able to study effects of antipsychotic medication in population-based sample. Brain morphology in medicated and non-medicated persons were similar and the cumulative lifetime medication had no effect on brain morphology, which suggests that possible medication effect in cross-sectional measures of brain morphology is small.
1911 – Does Childhood Adversity Account For Poorer Mental Health In Second Generation Irish People Living In Britain? Birth Cohort Study From Britain
Authors: Das-Munshi J. , Clark C. , Dewey M.E. , Leavey G. , Stansfeld S.A. , Prince M.J.
Published: July 2013

Background

Worldwide, the Irish diaspora experience elevated psychiatric morbidity across generations, not accounted for through socioeconomic position. The present study assessed the contribution of intergenerational migration and settlementrelated adversity in accounting for adult mental health, in second generation Irish people.

Methods

Analysis of prospective data from a nationally representative birth cohort from Britain, comprising 17,000 babies born in a single week in 1958 and followed up to mid-life. Common mental disorders were assessed at age 44/ 45.

Results

Relative to the rest of the cohort, second generation Irish children grew up in marked material and social disadvantage, which tracked into early adulthood. By mid-life, parity was reached between second generation Irish cohort members and the rest of the sample on most disadvantage indicators. At age 23 Irish cohort members were more likely to screen positive for common mental disorders (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94). This had reduced slightly by mid-life (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.69). Adjustment for childhood and early adulthood adversity fully attenuated differences in adult mental health disadvantages.

Conclusions

Social and material disadvantage experienced in childhood continues to have long-range adverse effects on mental health at mid-life, in second generation Irish cohort members. This suggests important mechanisms over the lifecourse, which may have important policy implications in the settlement of migrant families.
1922 – The Evaluation Of Negative Symptoms By Videoconferencing In a Clinical Trial
Authors: Williams J.B.W. , Popp D. , Osman D.A. , Cohen E.A. , Detke M.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Negative syndromes in Schizophrenia are of increasing interest to drug developers. Several assessment strategies have emerged for identifying negative symptoms including the NSA-16, PANSS negative symptom subscale and the Marder subscale. Assessment of patients with schizophrenia by videoconferencing has been shown to yield results equivalent to those obtained when the scale is administered face-to-face.

Objectives

To assess remote assessment of negative symptoms including blinding to protocol details and visit number, effectively eliminating enrollment and expectation biases.

Aims

To assess whether negative symptom scales can be reliably assessed in a clinical trial by videoconferencing.

Methods

The PANSS and the NSA-16 were administered to 227 subjects with schizophrenia in a randomized clinical trial via live videoconferencing by 17 blinded independent central raters. Subjects were interviewed at screen, at 11 more visits over 36 weeks, and at endpoint or 1 year. On a subset of subjects, a senior clinician observed and independently rated the PANSS and NSA as a quality control measure.

Results

ICCs between raters and observing trainers were .98 on the NSA total score (N = 65 pairs) and .96 on the PANSS total score (N = 69 pairs). ICCs of individual NSA items ranged from .72-1.0, with a mean ICC of .91. ICCs of PANSS subscales ranged from .94 -.96 with ICCs of .95 for the Marder subscale and .94 for the negative subscale.

Conclusion

Excellent item-level ICCs for the NSA suggest that negative symptoms can be rated reliably by videoconferencing using well-calibrated blinded independent raters.
1925 – The Frequency Of Different Types Of Seizures In Children Suffered From Autism And Epilepsy
Authors: Jedrzejczyk-Goral B. , Flisiak-Antonijczuk H. , Kalinowski R.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The aim of the study was to analyze the medical history and EEG records of children diagnosed with Autism and Epilepsy in order to assess the frequency of different types of seizures in this group.

Methods

30 patients (aged 4-26 years) diagnosed with Children Autism and Epilepsy were included in the study. Based on the interview with parents and video-EEG records the analysis of seizures was carried out. Video-EEG of each patients was performed during sleep.

Results

Based on the interview the following types of seizures were found: in 5 patients febrile seizures, in 20 patients partial seizures (in 3 patients generalized), in 11 patients generalized tonic-clonic and tonic seizures, in 5 atypical absence, in 3 simple partial seizures, in 2 mioclonic seizures. The analysis of EEG records revealed that in majority of patients abnormal temporal and parietal activity was observed (in 22 and 20 patients, respectively). In 15 patients generalized seizures were found. One patient was diagnosed with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome.

Conclusions

In patients diagnosed with Autism and Epilepsy, complex partial and generalized seizures were the most common types of seizures. In EEG records generalized seizures and abnormal activity appearing mostly in temporal and parietal areas were found.
1931 – Attention Problems In Childhood And Substance Use 18 Years Later
Authors: Galéra C. , Pingault J.-B. , Fombonne E. , Michel G. , Lagarde E. , Bouvard M.-P. , Melchior M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been linked to substance use disorders later in life. However, the unique contribution of ADHD is not clarified yet. Insufficient research in this area has considered first substance use, associated behavioral problems and female gender in longitudinal and community settings.

Aims

To study the association between childhood attention problems and substance use 18 years later.

Method

Using a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems (dimensional constructs) and substance use between ages 22 and 35, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders.

Results

Individuals with high levels of childhood attention problems presented higher rates of substance use (regular tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse/dependence, cannabis problematic use, cocaine lifetime use). However, when taking into account other childhood behavioral problems, early substance use, academic difficulties and family adversity, childhood attention problems were only related to regular tobacco smoking and cocaine lifetime use.

Conclusions

This longitudinal community-based study shows that, except for tobacco and cocaine, the association between childhood attention problems and substance use is confounded by a range of early risk factors.
1935 – Neurotoxicity And Valproic Acid-induced Hyperammonemia - Three Case Reports
Authors: Esteves-Pereira M. , Rodrigues D. , Bouça J. , Ribeiro-Silva R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Valproic acid (VA) is an effective mood stabilizer. Although it's usually well tolerated, it may cause hyperammonemia through carnitine deficiency created by its inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes in the urea cycle. Clinical presentation of hyperammonemia usually involves lethargy and somnolence but this diagnosis is often overlooked due to a clinical presentation that may include normal liver enzyme tests and serum VA levels within therapeutic range.

Objectives

To present case-reports of VA-induced encephalopathy and a review study regarding the theme available in Medline.

Aim

Brief literature review.

Method

Three case-reports are presented and literature of this theme shortly reviewed.

Results

The authors present cases of three adult females with Personality Disorder with lack of impulse control and Bipolar Disorder who have began treatment with VA and presented in the Emergency Department with generalized weakness and confusion. Subsequently, they developed hyperammonemia, despite its therapeutic serum levels and normal liver enzymes. În all cases the patient's mental status and ammonia level returned to baseline following discontinuation of VA.

Conclusions

Confusion with VA is a serious, rather frequent but reversible side affect. It has been reported that VA can interfere with the enzyme carbamoylphosphate synthetase, which is responsible for incorporating ammonia into the urea cycle. It can also increase the transport of glutamine across the mitochondrial membrane in the kidney, thereby increasing the production of ammonia causing neurotoxicity. Clinicians should be aware of changes in patient's cognitive and functional capacity, especially in elderly patients and during the first two weeks of treatment.
1937 – Awareness And Adherence To Driving Guidelines Of Psychotropic Medication Prescription: a Brief Survey Of Clinical Practice (uk)
Authors: Kumar S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In many European countries, doctors and patients are required to inform their respective driving authorities of their condition and treatment. However, in the UK, there is no means to monitor performance and check if such advice is given during the treatment.

Aims

The purpose of the survey was to evaluate the awareness and adherence to the DVLA (UK) guidelines about psychiatric diagnoses and the impact of psychotropic medications on skills such as driving.

Method

A questionnaire on clinical practice and advice given to patients about driving to mental health diagnoses and medication was sent out to psychiatrists working in the local hospital. The responses were collated and analysed for trends.

Results

Out of 42 doctors, 36 responded and 34 responses were eligible. The survey revealed that though all the doctors were aware of the guidelines only 38% discussed this with their patients. 50% of the doctors did not refer to guidelines and admitted of giving superficial advice to their patients. 50% of the doctors did not discuss the effect of medication on their motor abilities, concentration and sedation.

About 60% of the times the advice was only verbal and not documented.

Conclusions

Psychiatrists have a duty of care to inform the patients and document the advice on driving when they newly diagnose and start treatment. The survey suggests that the current practice needs further improvement. Psychiatrists should be aware of guidelines and realise the need to check the patients’ driving status and document the advice given.
1939 – Representations Of Mental Illness Constructed By Health Professionals In Primary Care In Brazil: An Integrative Review Of The Brazilian Literature
Authors: Sartori N.R. , Scherer Z.A.P. , Neves Barbosa R.W. , Galhardi C.M. , Martins J.O. , Servilha R.M.
Published: July 2013

History of madness in Brazil is marked by a disease-centered care and asylum model. With the onset of the psychiatric reform in Brazil, new public health policies that intend to replace the current hospital-centered model for people with mental disorders are being considered and articulated with other substitute services. Until recently the responsible for these individuals have been mental health experts in Ambulatory Health Services, with the new policies primary care professionals are also responsible. Studies show that not all primary care professionals have the same perception and understanding in relation to the care of the person with mental disorder, demonstrating resistance to care for these individuals.

Objectives

To assess the knowledge produced in Brazilian literature on the social representations of madness on the part of health professionals in primary care.

Method

Integrative review. The question that guided this study was: what are the health professionals’ social representations about madness in primary care?

Results

Six articles were selected; the articles were written by nurses, psychologists and psychiatrists and published in refereed journals. All articles were qualitative and published between 2005 and 2012.

Conclusion

Professionals are centered in an organicist model, on the doctor, on medicalization, and have ambiguous and often unscientific concepts about mental illness. Some believe there is no cure or improvement for mental illness, relate aggression and violence to mental illness, and admit to having little knowledge about mental health and feel unprepared to work with these individuals. Social reintegration practices were not identified.
1947 – “Deja Vu” Fenomena In Psychosis -case Report
Authors: Barac-Otasevic Z.V. , Vujisic S. , Mastilovic-Cukovic R.
Published: July 2013

Deja Vu is a sense that something has already suffered from before, or have someone from before and seen the like. In casual conversation with someone you can get this deja vu feeling that you have something to talk to or work, have seen or experienced.

In this article the authors describe a patient who is a phenomenon of deja vu was the introduction to the first psychotic episode

Additional tests are sent to a neurologist, and there werw changing in the EEG and neurologist started to treat him by antiepileptic drug, and monitored regularly.

First EEG showed bilateral acticvity a little more left FC.

Working together psychiatrist and neurologist treated by regular medication the patient is now in a satisfactory clinical remission status.
1951 – The Role Of Self-transcendence In Personality And Its Impact On Quality Of Life
Authors: Minodora M.M. , Herta D.C. , Cozman D.M.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The concept of person is connected to personality and self-transcendence belongs to its structure, as core component. The assessment of self-transcendence as part of human personality opens the gate of self-awareness in personology. Robert Cloninger is a distinctive researcher because he states that the comprehensive assessment of the human being includes the moral-spiritual dimension which implies deep self-awareness, in the absence of which subjective well-being is not possible.

Thus, in Cloninger's view self-transcendence is a character dimension. Self-transcendent individuals are often described as un-demanding, fulfilled, enduring, creative, altruistic, spiritualized. High self-transcendence has adaptive advantages when the individuals deals with suffering and death, which are inevitable once the person grows older.

Material and method

131 patients with personality disorder aged 19 to 62 were included in the study. Temperament and Character Inventory; Multicultural Quality of Life Index (J. Mezzich et all, 2000).

Specific objective of the study

The assessment of the relationship between the scores in personality dimensions and the quality of life.

Results

Significant correlations were ascertained between the character dimension Self-transcendence and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index. Thus, according to this correlation analysis, (r2 = 0,035) of the variation of the score on the Multicultural Quality of Life Index is given by variations of the Self-Transcendence score.

Conclusions

The assessment of the self-transcendence dimension as part of human personality opens the doors of knowledge in personology.

Human personality directly influences scores in quality of life scales through character dimensions.
1953 – Professional Burnout Syndrome Among Intensive Care Physicians In Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Andrade-Nascimento M. , Barros D.S. , Nascimento Sobrinho C.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Burnout syndrome is a response to prolonged occupational stress that involves three main dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. There are few studies on burnout doctors in Brazil.

Objectives/aims

To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome among intensive care physicians in Salvador, Brazil, and analyze it for associations with demographic data and aspects of their working conditions (psychological demands and control over tasks).

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study investigating associations between psychosocial aspects of work and professional burnout in a population of 297 intensive care physicians in Salvador. A self-administered individual questionnaire was used to collect data on psychosocial features of work using the demand-control model (Job Content Questionnaire) and on the mental health of the physicians using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

Results

An elevated level of working hours overload and on-call work overload was observed. The prevalence of professional burnout was 7.4% and was more strongly associated with the psychological demands of work than with intensive care physician's control over that work.

Conclusions

Physicians doing highly demanding work (many demands and little control) suffered 10.2 times more burnout than those with undemanding work (few demands and a high degree of control).
1955 – Aspects Of Disbalance Macro- And Microelements In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders In Belarus
Authors: Dokukina T.V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Determination of macro-and microelements disbalance in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) provides us with opportunity to understand the etiology and pathogenesis.

Objectives

We performed research on the macro-and microelement status of 65 children with ASD and their parents. We investigated 130 samples of hair (65 children: 18 girls and 47 boys and 65 parents).

Aims

The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the nature of the disbalance of macro-and microelements of children with ASD in Belarus.

Methods

As a biological substrate we used hair. For carrying out researches using a laser multi-atomic emission spectrometer LSS-1.

Results

Diselementose on aluminum in 35.4% of the children and their parents 33.85%. Calcium in children found in 100% a deficiency. Iron content occurred in 50.8% children, and in 65% parents. In 26.1% children and parents 13% had a deficiency. 23.1% children and 18.5% parents had diselementose towards above norma. Copper content found in 87.7%, a deficiency in children and parents. Excess of the level occurred in 4.6% among parents and 7.7% among children. In 55.3% children have zinc deficiency. Reduction of zinc was noted and the parents in 44.6%. Exceeding concentration of zinc was noted in 7.7% in children and in 10.8% among parents.

Conclusions

Diselementose had children with ASD and parents. Given that the change in the content of copper and zinc is an indirect marker of the exchange protein metallothionein suggests violation of the content of this protein, which is alleged etiopathogenetic factor for ASD.
1956 – Comparison Of Serum Prolactine Levels Between Risperidone And Paliperidone Extended-release In Female Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Albayrak Y. , Beyazyuz M. , Öztürk N. , Binbay Z. , Kuloğ lu M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Paliperidone extended-release (ER) is an atypical antipsychotic that presents the active metabolite of risperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone) using OROS® technology [1]. Multinational placebo-controlled studies have shown paliperidone ER 3- 15 mg/day to be both efficacious and safe, with discontinuation rates due to adverse events (AEs) similar to placebo [2].

Methods

Seventy-eight female patients who were diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR and who were started on the treatments of risperidone or paliperidone included to present study. The serum prolactine levels were measured before and after 5 weeks of treatment.

Results

The 35 of patients were treated with paliperidone, while 43 patients were given oral risperidone treatment. The increases in serum prolactine levels were significant in both groups (p≤0.001), however the increase was much more in paliperidone group. Furthermore, discontinuation rates due to indirect effects of prolactine increase such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea were higher in paliperidone group compared with risperidone group.

Discussion

Beside the efficacy and well tolerability of paliperidone extended-release, the increase of prolactine level and associated side effects should be carefully assessed during treatment specifically in young women patients.
1957 – Study Of Paraoxonase 1 Activity In Tunisian Bipolar 1 Patients Treated With Thymoregulators
Authors: Ezzaher A. , Haj Mouhamed D. , Hellara I. , Neffati F. , Mechri A. , Douki W. , Gaha L. , Najjar M.F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Paraoxonase (PON), an enzyme, is a key process in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.

Aims

We aim to investigate the variations of PON1 activity in Tunisian bipolar I patients treated with thymoregulators.

Patients and methods

Our study included 78 patients with bipolar I disorder, diagnosed according to the DSM-IV, and 64 controls aged 35.97±11.55 years and 36,31±18.26 years respectively. 41 patients were treated by valproic acid, 16 under carbamazepine and 21 under lithium. PON1 activity was determined by kinetic methods using Konelab 30 equipment.

Results

Compared to controls, patients treated by thymoregulators had a significantly lower paraoxonase activity (p=0.004). Furthermore, PON1 was significantly correlated with c-HDL values (r=0.5612; P< 0.001). The lowest PON1 levels were noted in patients treated with lithium (150±94UI/L) and the highest levels were showed in those under carbamazepine (260±185UI/L), but this difference was not significant. In patients under lithium, we showed that this parameter was significantly lower when illness duration was more than 12 years, the lithium posology exceeds 1000 mg/day and the lithium plasmatic concentrations were more than 0.54 mmol/L. However, there was no significant difference among gender, age, cigarette smoking and alcoholic beverage.

Conclusions

Bipolar patients had a significant decrease in PON1 activity that contributes to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This perturbation could be related to treatment with thymoregulators and particularly lithium. Therefore, such patients should require specific care and clinics should track the effects of treatment on physical and biological parameters, and should facilitate access to appropriate medical care.
1958 – Efficacy Of Modified Compliance Therapy For Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Omranifard V. , Achochachian S. , Maracy M.R.
Published: July 2013

Background

Schizophrenia requires a large share of medical resources due to its early onset and chronic and severe nature. Compliance therapy is a therapy specifically designed to improve concordance with treatment for those with major mental illnesses. The aim of present study was to determine whether compliance therapy improves drug adherence and consequently makes better global functioning and improves quality of life in schizophrenic patients.

Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial study was done in Noor hospital in 2008-2009. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the intervention consisting of 8 sessions of compliance therapy, or the control treatment consisting of an equal number of sessions of supportive counseling. All patients were evaluated by Heinrichs Quality of Life scale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) at baseline, third month and sixth month follow-up after intervention.

Results

76 schizophrenic patients who met criteria of study were enrolled in the trial. Our data showed a significant main effect for interaction of group and time for GAF scale, Heinrichs Quality of Life scale and PANSS.

Conclusions

The findings of our study showed that compliance therapy can improve not only global functioning but also quality of life in schizophrenic patients. In addition, PNASS was improved during the six months follow up in compliance therapy group.
1962 – Community Mental Health Competence - Mutual Association
Authors: Ferreira J.S. , Martins M.
Published: July 2013

The majority of the European Countries are facing the challenge to address the very high prevalence of mental disorders with limited mental health resources. Some of them drafted mental health strategies with community based models of care with the aim to give the best care as possible. Mutualista Association is the largest Portuguese mutual association, one of the largest mutual associations in Europe. Is also a reference as an institution in the social economy sector and financial activity in Portugal. The commitment with all the mutual association members brings to the institution importante and unique solidarity values.

The authors reflect about the psychiatric response of the Mutualidade Terras de Santa Maria to the psychiatric community patients attending the Clinic. The project gives “voice” to a vulnerable communitie perceived as a “receptive social environment” and emphasise the need for greater attention to the impacts of context, culture and local resources on people's responses to adversity and illness. They present a social-demographic characterization of the population attended as well as local strategies put in action to the various clinical situations.

The authors highlight the role of potential partnerships such as National Health System and Community Groups that are able to recognize better their communities's needs and assist them in working for improved well-being. Respectful local-global alliances have a key role to play in this process.
1965 – Corticosteroid-induced Mania Treated With Risperidone - a Case Report
Authors: Almeida T. , Araújo F. , Rodrigues J.D. , Venâncio Â. , Horta A. , Monteiro A.L. , Lapa G. , Bouça J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Corticosteroids have either somatic and psychiatric side effects. Somatic adverse effects are well described while neuropsychiatric have received less attention. Psychiatric symptoms such as depression, psychosis and especially mania are common side effects of corticotherapy.

Aims and objectives

Describe a case of a 53 year old female patient, with no psychiatric history, who developed psychiatric symptoms during the treatment of an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis with large parenteral doses of corticosteroids. Three days after the onset of corticotherapy she developed increased energy, elevated mood, increased motor activity, racing thoughts, and diminished need for sleep. She subsequently developed grandiose and persecutory ideation and then feared her grandson was going to die. This lead to her admission to psychiatric unit of our hospital to address this behavioral problems. Her husband noticed that she had become “hyper” in the past when she received pulse corticosteroid therapy, but the most recent episode was by far the worst.

Methods

Revision of the scientific literature through Pubmed, Embase and Psychinfo using search terms including corticosteroids, mania, depression, psychosis and mood.

Results

Prednisone was suspended and Risperidone 2 mg was begun for presumed steroid-induced mood disorder, and the patient became calmer and much less guarded over the next 2-3 days. After a week she recovered complete euthymic mood and reverted to normal functioning.

Conclusions

These data suggest that Risperidone is well tolerated and appears to be useful for mood disturbances associated with corticosteroid therapy. Controlled trials seem warranted to confirm these observations.
1966 – A Wrong Body: a Neuroscience Perspective On The Etiology Of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Gaudio S. , Riva G.
Published: July 2013

Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients have a disturbance in the way in which one's body is experienced and perceived: they evaluate negatively their own body and body parts and deny the seriousness of their current low body weight. It is controversial whether these symptoms are secondary to dysfunctions in the neuronal processes related to appetite and emotionality or reflect a primary disturbance in the way the body is experienced and remembered. Our spatial experience is organized around two different reference frames - egocentric (body as reference of first-person experience) and allocentric (body as object in the physical world) - that influence each other during the interaction between long- and short-term memory processes in spatial cognition.

Neuroimaging studies on AN patients showed several structural and functional alterations in frame and memory-related bodyimage-processing brain circuits. Particularly, both structural and functional studies showed alterations of the precuneus and the inferior parietal lobe. These alterations may be related to the etiology of the body image distortion: individuals with AN are locked to an allocentric (observer view) negative memory of the body that is no more updated by contrasting egocentric representations driven by perception.
1973 – The Role Of Comorbid Anxiety Disorder In The Outcome Of Bipolar i Disorder
Authors: Andrade-Nascimento M. , Miranda-Scippa A. , Telles C.A.S. , Rocha M. , Nery-Fernandes F. , Pettersen K.C. , Daltro-Oliveira R. , Leite C.R. , Kapczinski F. , Quarantini L.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) commonly co-occurs with anxiety disorders (AD) and this comorbidity has been associated to worse clinical outcomes in BD patients. However frequency and clinical outcomes data might be biased once some of them had been originated from acutely ill bipolar patients as well as those in remission.

Objectives/aims

To assess AD in bipolar sample in order to know if this frequency vary according illness phase and identify possible clinical outcomes related to this comorbidity.

Methods

A population of 355 outpatients with bipolar I disorder were evaluated using structured instruments (SCID). The sample was split into four groups considering the illness phase and the presence of AD: euthymic without AD (euthymic/non- AD); euthymic with AD (euthimic/AD); non-euthymic without AD (non-euthymic/non-AD) and non-euthymic with AD (noneuthymic/ AD) groups. Clinical and socio-demographics differences between the groups were compared through bivariate analysis.

Results

There was a progressive and significantly increasing in some worst clinical outcomes frequency, such as rapid cycling, suicide attempts, substance and alcohol use disorders, history of antidepressant use and decreased scores in all domains of QoL, from control group (euthymic /non-AD) through out intermediate group (non-euthymic/non-AD) until the group most affected (non-euthymic/AD). Both euthymic/non-AD and euthimic/AD groups did not differ.

Conclusions

We identified a group of severe bipolar patients that have worse clinical outcomes, and among them, the anxiety comorbidity. But, contrary to what has been stated, AD appears to be related with poor bipolar prognosis only when other severity clinical factors are presents.