bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrous Oxide Production and Reduction in Seasonally‐Flooded Cultivated Peatland Soils
Authors: Hu Jing , Inglett Kanika S. , Wright Alan L. , Reddy K. Ramesh
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas

We quantified N2O production and reduction for cultivated intermittently flooded peatland soils.

Labile organic C limited N2O production and reduction.

High residual NO3− in soils inhibited N2O reduction.

N2O emissions were inversely proportional to land management intensity and decreased in the order of uncultivated, turfgrass, vegetable, and sugarcane soils.

Biogeochemical controls of N2O production and reduction during denitrification in cultivated and intermittently flooded peatland soils are poorly understood. Soils from sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), vegetable, turfgrass, and uncultivated subtropical peatlands in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) were studied to elucidate influence of land use on N2O production and reduction. Under ambient soil conditions, intensively managed, tilled soils (sugarcane and vegetable) had 1.5 to 4 times lower N2O production and reduction than turfgrass soils. Uncultivated soils had 130 to 270% higher N2O production than tilled soils but had similar N2O reduction compared with tilled soils. A lower ratio of N2O reduction to production was observed for uncultivated soils compared to other land uses. Net N2O production was highest for uncultivated soils and decreased in the order of turfgrass, vegetable, and sugarcane soils. For all land uses, N2O production was limited by electron donors (labile organic C) but not by electron acceptors (NO3−). Depletion of labile organic C through long‐term soil oxidation after drainage resulted in limited availability of this energy source for denitrifying microorganisms. In addition, high residual NO3− resulting from organic N mineralization and inorganic fertilizer additions inhibited N2O reduction. Our results suggest that sugarcane production is likely to reduce N2O emissions from the EAA compared with other current land uses. Management practices with addition of labile organic C to the EAA soils may possibly result in N2O emission pulses because of the greater stimulation of labile organic C on N2O production than on N2O reduction.
An Overview of Cardiac Management in Neuromuscular Disease
Authors: Hickey Renee M. , Cullen John D. , Sachs George M.
Published: May 2016

Muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis are two neuromuscular disorders that can involve significant cardiovascular complications. The frequency and severity of cardiac pathology varies widely among the muscular dystrophies. In some, it is nearly inevitable and requires regular evaluation. In others, assessment of cardiac function can be more symptom-driven. On-ly a minority of myasthenic patients manifest disease-related cardiovascular complications; however, their presentation can be rapidly progressive and life-threatening..
Inter-rater Reliability of Sustained Aberrant Movement Patterns as a Clinical Assessment of Muscular Fatigue
Authors: Aerts Frank , Carrier Kathy , Alwood Becky
Published: May 2016

Background:

The assessment of clinical manifestation of muscle fatigue is an effective procedure in establishing therapeutic exercise dose. Few studies have evaluated physical therapist reliability in establishing muscle fatigue through detection of changes in quality of movement patterns in a live setting.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of physical therapists’ ability to detect altered movement patterns due to muscle fatigue.

Design:

A reliability study in a live setting with multiple raters.

Participants:

Forty-four healthy individuals (ages 19-35) were evaluated by six physical therapists in a live setting.

Methods:

Participants were evaluated by physical therapists for altered movement patterns during resisted shoulder rotation. Each participant completed a total of four tests: right shoulder internal rotation, right shoulder external rotation, left shoulder internal rotation and left shoulder external rotation.

Results:

For all tests combined, the inter-rater reliability for a single rater scoring ICC (2,1) was .65 (95%, .60, .71) This corresponds to moderate inter-rater reliability between physical therapists.

Limitations:

The results of this study apply only to healthy participants and therefore cannot be generalized to a symptomatic population.

Conclusion:

Moderate inter-rater reliability was found between physical therapists in establishing muscle fatigue through the observation of sustained altered movement patterns during dynamic resistive shoulder internal and external rotation.
An Investigation of Nurses’ Job Satisfaction in a Private Hospital and Its Correlates
Authors: Chien Wai-Tong , Yick Sin-Yin
Published: May 2016

Background:

Nurses’ job satisfaction and job stress are important issues regarding their turnovers. While there are some recent descriptive studies on job satisfaction in public hospitals, very limited research was found on this topic in private hospital setting. It is worth to examine the job satisfaction of nurses and its correlates in such a specific hospital context in Hong Kong, by which the findings can be compared with those in public hospitals, and across countries.

Aims:

To investigate nurses’ job satisfaction, job stress and intention to quit of nurses in a private hospital, and the correlates of the nurses’ job satisfaction.

Design:

A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study was conducted.

Methods:

By using stratified random sampling in terms of nature of wards/units and working ranks, 139 full-time nurses who were working in the 400-bed private hospital for at least 6 months and provided direct nursing care were recruited in this study. Data were collected by employing a set of self-administered structured questionnaires, consisting of the Index of Work Satisfaction (job satisfaction), Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire (job stress), Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire (intention to quit), and socio-demographic data.

Results:

With a response rate of 74.3%, the results of the 139 respondents showed that the nurses in the private hospital had an overall moderate level of satisfaction with their work and rated the professional status as the highest satisfied domain. The nurses also reported moderate levels of job stress and intention to quit. The nurses’ job satisfaction was negatively correlated with their job stress and intention to quit; whereas, the nurses’ job stress was positively correlated with their intention to quit. The nurses with older in age and more post-registration experience and/or working experience in the private hospital indicated a higher level of job satisfaction, particularly with ‘Pay’ and ‘Autonomy’.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that the nurses in the private hospital are moderately stressful and satisfied with their work environment and relationships. A few socio-demographic characteristics of these nurses such as their age and years of clinical experiences were associated with their levels of job satisfaction and/or stress. The findings provided information for private hospitals and healthcare organizations about the need and areas for improvement of nurse’s job satisfaction, thus strengthening their recruitment and retention.
Evaluating temperature in faced milling operations by infrared thermography
Authors: Medina Nuria , Lambea Pablo , Manjabacas Maria , Miguel Valentin , Martinez-Martinez Alberto , Coello Juana
Published: May 2016

Temperature control plays a crucial role from the machining efficiency viewpoint. Measuring cutting temperature in a face milling operation is no easy task because it is an interrupted cutting process, and not much research about this topic appears in the literature. A methodology based on infrared thermography was developed to measure the temperature in faced milling. The influence of cutting parameters and type of material on cutting temperatures was evaluated. The experimental values obtained for cutting temperature corresponded to those expected and according to other authors. It has been established for AISI 304 stainless steel that temperature may increase if parameters that shorten the cutting time are used. This condition does not apply to all materials as such cutting parameters do not have a strong impact on copper and aluminum machining. Experimental values were not necessarily in keeping with the analytical methods described in literature because they did not consider the influence of some parameters like axial and radial cutting depth.
Performance analysis of system heat pump - heat recuperator used for air treatment in process industry
Authors: Milovancevic Uros , Kosi Franc
Published: May 2016

A detailed parametric analysis and performance optimization of system ?heat
pump - recuperator is given in this paper. Mathematical model used for
analysis is formed according to the physical model of the system and
practical experience. Different types of compressors, and various temperature
ranges are treated. Special attention is paid to influence of condensing and
evaporating temperatures on system performances, so as to different features
of heat recuperator. It is found out that in accordance to the working
regimes and the compressor type, it is possible to determine optimal
conditions in which the system will consume the minimum of electricity.
The analysis of impact of intensity of contact load and angular shaft speed on the heat generation within radial ball bearing
Authors: Grujicic Rade , Tomovic Radoslav , Mitrovic Radivoje , Jovanovic Janko , Atanasovska Ivana
Published: May 2016

This paper considers the factors that influence the heat generation within
ball bearing. Various lubrication regimes are taken into consideration and a
mathematical model for determination of the coefficient of heat generation is
set up. Due to the complexity of mathematical tools, and in order to perform
better and easier analysis of the considered phenomenon, the application that
integrates the mathematical models of load distribution and heat generation
was developed. The impact of the contact load and angular shaft speed on the
level of heat generated in radial ball bearing was analyzed.
Measurement Properties of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale in Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review
Authors: Speksnijder Caroline M. , Koppenaal Tjarco , Knottnerus J. André , Spigt Mark , Staal J. Bart , Terwee Caroline B.
Published: May 2016

Background

The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) has been translated into different languages, and several studies on its measurement properties have been done.

Purpose

The purpose of this review was to critically appraise and compare the measurement properties, when possible, of all language versions of the QBPDS by systematically reviewing the methodological quality and results of the available studies.

Method

Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for articles with the key words “Quebec,” “back,” “pain,” and “disability” in combination with a methodological search filter for finding studies on measurement properties concerning the development or evaluation of the measurement properties of the QBPDS in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Assessment of the methodological quality was carried out by the reviewers using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist for both the original language version of the QBPDS in English and French and all translated versions. The results of the measurement properties were rated based on criteria proposed by Terwee et al.

Results

The search strategy resulted in identification of 1,436 publications, and 27 articles were included in the systematic review. There was limited-to-moderate evidence of good reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the QBPDS for the different language versions, but for no language version was evidence available for all measurement properties.

Conclusion

For research and clinical practice, caution is advised when using the QBPDS to measure disability in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Strong evidence is lacking on all measurement properties for each language version of the QBPDS.
Impact of the radiosurgery prescription dose on the local control of small (2 cm or smaller) brain metastases
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza M. , Schroeder Jason L. , Angelov Lilyana , Chao Samuel T. , Murphy Erin S. , Yu Jennifer S. , Neyman Gennady , Jia Xuefei , Suh John H. , Barnett Gene H. , Vogelbaum Michael A.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

The impact of the stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) prescription dose (PD) on local progression and radiation necrosis for small (≤ 2 cm) brain metastases was evaluated.

METHODS

An institutional review board–approved retrospective review was performed on 896 patients with brain metastases ≤ 2 cm (3034 tumors) who were treated with 1229 SRS procedures between 2000 and 2012. Local progression and/or radiation necrosis were the primary end points. Each tumor was followed from the date of radiosurgery until one of the end points was reached or the last MRI follow-up. Various criteria were used to differentiate tumor progression and radiation necrosis, including the evaluation of serial MRIs, cerebral blood volume on perfusion MR, FDG-PET scans, and, in some cases, surgical pathology. The median radiographic follow-up per lesion was 6.2 months.

RESULTS

The median patient age was 56 years, and 56% of the patients were female. The most common primary pathology was non–small cell lung cancer (44%), followed by breast cancer (19%), renal cell carcinoma (14%), melanoma (11%), and small cell lung cancer (5%). The median tumor volume and median largest diameter were 0.16 cm3 and 0.8 cm, respectively. In total, 1018 lesions (34%) were larger than 1 cm in maximum diameter. The PD for 2410 tumors (80%) was 24 Gy, for 408 tumors (13%) it was 19 to 23 Gy, and for 216 tumors (7%) it was 15 to 18 Gy. In total, 87 patients (10%) had local progression of 104 tumors (3%), and 148 patients (17%) had at least radiographic evidence of radiation necrosis involving 199 tumors (7%; 4% were symptomatic). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for local progression and radiation necrosis. For local progression, tumors less than 1 cm (subhazard ratio [SHR] 2.32; p < 0.001), PD of 24 Gy (SHR 1.84; p = 0.01), and additional whole-brain radiation therapy (SHR 2.53; p = 0.001) were independently associated with better outcome. For the development of radiographic radiation necrosis, independent prognostic factors included size greater than 1 cm (SHR 2.13; p < 0.001), location in the corpus callosum (SHR 5.72; p < 0.001), and uncommon pathologies (SHR 1.65; p = 0.05). Size (SHR 4.78; p < 0.001) and location (SHR 7.62; p < 0.001)—but not uncommon pathologies—were independent prognostic factors for the subgroup with symptomatic radiation necrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

A PD of 24 Gy results in significantly better local control of metastases measuring < 2 cm than lower doses. In addition, tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for both local progression and radiation necrosis. Some tumor pathologies and locations may also contribute to an increased risk of radiation necrosis.
Intraoperative complications in pediatric neurosurgery: review of 1807 cases
Authors: van Lindert Erik J. , Arts Sebastian , Blok Laura M. , Hendriks Mark P. , Tielens Luc , van Bilsen Martine , Delye Hans
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

Minimal literature exists on the intraoperative complication rate of pediatric neurosurgical procedures with respect to both surgical and anesthesiological complications. The aim of this study, therefore, was to establish intraoperative complication rates to provide patients and parents with information on which to base their informed consent and to establish a baseline for further targeted improvement of pediatric neurosurgical care.

METHODS

A clinical complication registration database comprising a consecutive cohort of all pediatric neurosurgical procedures carried out in a general neurosurgical department from January 1, 2004, until July 1, 2012, was analyzed. During the study period, 1807 procedures were performed on patients below the age of 17 years.

RESULTS

Sixty-four intraoperative complications occurred in 62 patients (3.5% of procedures). Intraoperative mortality was 0.17% (n = 3). Seventy-eight percent of the complications (n = 50) were related to the neurosurgical procedures, whereas 22% (n = 14) were due to anesthesiology. The highest intraoperative complication rates were for cerebrovascular surgery (7.7%) and tumor surgery (7.4%). The most frequently occurring complications were cerebrovascular complications (33%).

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative complications are not exceptional during pediatric neurosurgical procedures. Awareness of these complications is the first step in preventing them.
Efficient Preparation of Streptochlorin from Marine Streptomyces sp. SYYLWHS-1-4 by Combination of Response Surface Methodology and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography
Authors: Li Lin , He Shan , Ding Lijian , Yuan Ye , Zhu Peng , Epstein Slava , Fan Jianzhong , Wu Xiaokai , Yan Xiaojun
Published: May 2016

Since first isolated from the lipophilic extract of Streptomyces sp. SF2583, streptochlorin, has attracted a lot of attention because of its various pharmacological properties, such as antibiotic, antiallergic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. For the efficient preparation of streptochlorin from a producing strain Streptomyces sp. SYYLWHS-1-4, we developed a combinative method by using response surface methodology (RSM) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). In the fermentation process, we used RSM to optimize the condition for the efficient accumulation of streptochlorin, and the optimal parameters were: yeast extract 1.889 g/L, soluble starch 8.636 g/L, K2HPO4 0.359 g/L, CaCl2 2.5 g/L, MgSO4 0.625 g/L, marine salt 25 g/L, medium volume 50%, initial pH value 7.0, temperature 27.5 °C, which enhanced streptochlorin yield by 17.7-fold. During the purification process, the preparative HSCCC separation was performed using a petroleum ether–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (9:0.8:5:5, v/v/v/v) biphasic solvent system, where 300 mg of crude sample yielded 16.5 mg streptochlorin with over 95% purity as determined by UPLC. Consequently, the combination method provided a feasible strategy for highly effective preparation of streptochlorin, which ensured the supply of large amounts of streptochlorin for in vivo pharmacological assessments or other requirements.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Clozapine in Concomitant Use of Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Bupleuri, or Fructus Gardeniae in Rats
Authors: Tian Dan-Dan , Wang Wei , Wang Hua-Ning , Sze Stephen , Zhang Zhang-Jin
Published: May 2016

Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Schisandrae, Radix Bupleuri, and Fructus Gardeniae are often used alongside with clozapine (CLZ) for schizophrenia patients in order to reduce side effects and enhance therapeutic efficacy. However, worse outcomes were observed raising concern about a critical issue, herb-drug interactions, which were rarely reported when antipsychotics were included. This study aims to determine whether the concomitant use of these herbal medicines affects the pharmacokinetic characteristics of CLZ in rat models. Rats were given a single or multiple intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg CLZ, either alone or with individual herbal water extracts administered orally. CLZ and its two inactive metabolites, norclozapine and clozapine N-oxide, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In the acute treatment, the formation of both metabolites was reduced, while no significant change was observed in the CLZ pharmacokinetics for any of the herbal extracts. In the chronic treatment, none of the four herbal extracts significantly influenced the pharmacokinetic parameters of CLZ and its metabolites. Renal and liver functions stayed normal after the 11-day combined use of herbal medicines. Overall, the four herbs had limited interaction effect on CLZ pharmacokinetics in the acute and chronic treatment. Herb-drug interaction includes both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. This result gives us a hint that pharmacodynamic herb-drug interaction, instead of pharmacokinetic types, may exist and need further confirmation.
The Chiral Pool in the Pictet–Spengler Reaction for the Synthesis of β-Carbolines
Authors: Dalpozzo Renato
Published: May 2016

The Pictet–Spengler reaction (PSR) is the reaction of a β-arylethylamine with an aldehyde or ketone, followed by ring closure to give an aza-heterocycle. When the β-arylethylamine is tryptamine, the product is a β-carboline, a widespread skeleton in natural alkaloids. In the natural occurrence, these compounds are generally enantiopure, thus the asymmetric synthesis of these compounds have been attracting the interest of organic chemists. This review aims to give an overview of the asymmetric PSR, in which the chirality arises from optically pure amines or carbonyl compounds both from natural sources and from asymmetric syntheses to assemble the reaction partners.
Improved Quality of MODIS Sea Surface Temperature Retrieval and Data Coverage Using Physical Deterministic Methods
Authors: Koner Prabhat , Harris Andy
Published: May 2016

Sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals from satellite imager measurements are often performed using only two or three channels, and employ a regression methodology. As there are 16 thermal infrared (IR) channels available for MODIS, we demonstrate a new SST retrieval methodology using more channels and a physically deterministic method, the modified total least squares (MTLS), to improve the quality of SST. Since cloud detection is always a part of any parameter estimation from IR satellite measurements, we hereby extend our recently-published novel cloud detection technique, which is based on both functional spectral differences and radiative transfer modeling for GOES-13. We demonstrate that the cloud detection coefficients derived for GOES-13 are working well for MODIS, while further improvements are made possible by the extra channels replacing some of the previous tests. The results are compared with available operational MODIS SST through the Group for High Resolution SST website–the data themselves are originally processed by the NASA Goddard Ocean Biology Processing Group. It is observed the data coverage can be more than doubled compared to the currently-available operational product, and at the same time the quality can be improved significantly. Two other SST retrieval methods, offline-calculated coefficients using the same form of the operational regression equation, and radiative transfer based optimal estimation, are included for comparison purposes.
Slums from Space—15 Years of Slum Mapping Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Kuffer Monika , Pfeffer Karin , Sliuzas Richard
Published: May 2016

The body of scientific literature on slum mapping employing remote sensing methods has increased since the availability of more very-high-resolution (VHR) sensors. This improves the ability to produce information for pro-poor policy development and to build methods capable of supporting systematic global slum monitoring required for international policy development such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This review provides an overview of slum mapping-related remote sensing publications over the period of 2000–2015 regarding four dimensions: contextual factors, physical slum characteristics, data and requirements, and slum extraction methods. The review has shown the following results. First, our contextual knowledge on the diversity of slums across the globe is limited, and slum dynamics are not well captured. Second, a more systematic exploration of physical slum characteristics is required for the development of robust image-based proxies. Third, although the latest commercial sensor technologies provide image data of less than 0.5 m spatial resolution, thereby improving object recognition in slums, the complex and diverse morphology of slums makes extraction through standard methods difficult. Fourth, successful approaches show diversity in terms of extracted information levels (area or object based), implemented indicator sets (single or large sets) and methods employed (e.g., object-based image analysis (OBIA) or machine learning). In the context of a global slum inventory, texture-based methods show good robustness across cities and imagery. Machine-learning algorithms have the highest reported accuracies and allow working with large indicator sets in a computationally efficient manner, while the upscaling of pixel-level information requires further research. For local slum mapping, OBIA approaches show good capabilities of extracting both area- and object-based information. Ultimately, establishing a more systematic relationship between higher-level image elements and slum characteristics is essential to train algorithms able to analyze variations in slum morphologies to facilitate global slum monitoring.
Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions
Authors: Ahmed Gaber Hashem Gaber , Laíño Rosana Badía , Calzón Josefa Angela García , García Marta Elena Díaz
Published: May 2016

Carbonization of tomatoes at 240 °C using 30% (w/v) NaOH as catalyst produced carbon onions (C-onions), while solely carbon dots (C-dots) were obtained at the same temperature in the absence of the catalyst. Other natural materials, such as carrots and tree leaves (acer saccharum), under the same temperature and alkaline conditions did not produce carbon onions. XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analyses were performed to characterize the as-synthesized carbon nanomaterials. Preliminary tests demonstrate a capability of the versatile materials for chemical sensing of metal ions. The high content of lycopene in tomatoes may explain the formation of C-onions in alkaline media and a possible formation mechanism for such structures was outlined.
Global Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differences in Gene Expression Patterns Between Nonhyperhydric and Hyperhydric Peach Leaves
Authors: Bakir Yakup , Eldem Vahap , Zararsiz Gokmen , Unver Turgay
Published: May 2016

Hyperhydricity is a morphophysiological disorder of plants in tissue culture characterized morphologically by the presence of translucent, thick, curled, and fragile leaves as a result of excessive water intake. Since clonal propagation is a major in vitro technique for multiplying plants vegetatively, the emergence of hyperhydricity‐related symptoms causes significant economic losses to agriculture and horticulture. Although numerous efforts have been hitherto devoted to the morphological and anatomical responses of plants to hyperhydricity, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, a genome‐wide transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in hyperhydric and nonhyperhydric leaves of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. The RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis showed that the expression of >300 transcripts was altered between control and hyperhydric leaf cells. The top 30 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were related to the posttranscriptional regulators of organelle gene expression and photosynthesis, cellular elimination, plant cuticle development, and abiotic stress response processes. The expression of 10 DETs was also conformed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in hyperhydric and nonhyperhydric leaves. As a complex biological process, hyperhydricity alters the expression of various transcripts including transcription factor (Myb2), RNA binding protein (pentatricopeptide, PPR), transporter protein (ABC), and Laccase3. Thus, this genome‐wide transcriptome profiling study may help elucidate the molecular mechanism of hyperhydricity.
La place des « indésirables ». Pratiques et effets de l’exclusion dans les établissements de secteurs populaires
Authors: Douat Étienne
Published: May 2016

À partir de plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques réalisées dans huit établissements de secteurs populaires, cet article propose de contribuer à l’analyse des recompositions qui travaillent l’école française aujourd’hui massifiée, en interrogeant, à l’échelle des espaces scolaires, les effets et enjeux associés à la prise en charge de nouvelles problématiques scolaires et sociales, qui tendent particulièrement à se concentrer dans les zones les plus ségréguées. On partira ici de ce qui constitue l’une des expériences ordinaires les plus partagées par une partie de ces enfants de la massification, parfois jugés inenseignables ou ingérables : l’exclusion de cours. L’examen de cette pratique, souvent ignorée dans les champs politique et médiatique s’avère heuristique pour saisir quelques-unes des transformations qui affectent aujourd’hui l’organisation des espaces scolaires, notamment en termes de distribution spatiale des corps, de division du travail et de socialisation des élèves.
La dialectique dans la comparaison. Construction d’une enquête franco-italienne et échelles d’analyse
Authors: Mattina Cesare
Published: May 2016

La présente contribution soutient l’importance d’une approche inductive et dialectique de la comparaison. Une approche inductive de la comparaison a l’avantage de nous faire plonger dans des situations concrètes au travers d’une recherche empirique localisée et de faire remonter les données de recherches effectuées vers les résultats empiriques d’autres auteurs et la mise en débat des théories. Une approche dialectique de la comparaison prévoit que la confrontation des différents terrains d’enquête mobilisés puisse représenter une opportunité d’interroger constamment les phénomènes observés dans l(es)’autre(s) terrain(s), tout particulièrement lorsqu’ils sont dissemblables et divergents. Cet argumentaire s’appuie sur l’analyse concrète de notre processus comparatif d’enquête : nous restituons le contexte de contraintes et d’opportunités nous ayant conduit, à partir d’une enquête sur les relations entre sites industriels à risques et territoires dans le Val de Durance, à prolonger la comparaison dans une dimension transnationale avec le site chimique de Rosignano en Toscane (Italie).
Le combat armé des Polonais. La campagne de Pologne, 1939
Authors: Wojtkowiak Jakub
Published: May 2016

Le combat armé de la Pologne contre le Troisième Reich se maintint du premier au dernier jour de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Après la première période et la campagne de Pologne en septembre 1939, ce combat se poursuivit en France et aux côtés de la Grande Bretagne. Les Polonais déportés par les Soviétiques au Kazakhstan et en Sibérie dans les années 1940-1941 ont pu intégrer une armée qui se formait à partir de 1941, après l’invasion allemande contre l’URSS. Son parcours ultérieur a mené cette armée, nommée le 2e Corps polonais, accompagnée par un certain nombre de personnes civiles en Iran, au Proche Orient et sur le front d’Italie. Une autre armée polonaise fut formée en URSS en 1943. Combattant aux côtés de l’Armée Rouge, elle fut en même temps un des outils de la politique de Staline visant l’instauration en Pologne du système communiste.
Les visages de l’occupation nazie en Pologne, 1939-1945 : les expériences des Polonais. Le destin de la population juive
Authors: Kochanowski Jerzy
Published: May 2016

L’auteur analyse la situation sociale et économique des Polonais vivant dans la zone d’occupation nazie. Celle-ci couvrait deux parties du territoire polonais : la partie incorporée au IIIe Reich et le Gouvernement Général et on observe une différenciation dans la situation des Polonais vivant dans ces parties respectives. L’auteur passe en revue quelques catégories sociales majeures : les élites, les paysans, les ouvriers, la petite-bourgeoisie. Un sous-chapitre à part est consacré à la situation des Juifs comme objets de la politique nazie et aux relations polono-juives.
Le Régent, la marine et les colonies 1 er septembre 1715-2 décembre 1723
Authors: Villiers Patrick
Published: May 2016

Pour devenir le Régent du royaume, Philippe d’Orléans a accepté la polysynodie, système à sept Conseils dont le Conseil de Marine. Comment fut-il constitué, quels furent ses membres, quel fut le pouvoir réel du comte de Toulouse, Amiral de France ? Avec habileté, Philippe d’Orléans imposa progressivement sa volonté au Conseil de Marine. La reprise économique lui permit d’imposer « l’exclusif colonial » aux colonies mais confronté à la guerre contre l’Espagne, à l’échec du système de Law ou à la peste de Marseille, la politique maritime et coloniale du Régent fut plus une politique subie qu’une politique voulue.
Acteurs et espaces de la renommée universitaire. Jalons pour une histoire des messagers de l’université de Paris à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Destemberg Antoine
Published: May 2016

L’historiographie attribue traditionnellement à l’université médiévale de Paris l’initiative d’un développement précoce du réseau de messagers qui, couvrant un large espace européen, assura le lien entre des écoliers déracinés et leur milieu d’origine. Si la documentation atteste, dès la fin du xiii e   siècle, l’activité de messagers au service des membres de l’université parisienne, elle ne permet pas, toutefois, d’observer l’existence d’une messagerie institutionnalisée avant le milieu du xv e   siècle. Organisé au sein des nations universitaires, le réseau de messagers couvrait chaque diocèse pourvoyeur en maîtres et écoliers, ainsi que quelques villes importantes. L’examen de la documentation universitaire de la pratique permet d’esquisser une anthropologie de l’information, attentive aux acteurs, à leurs gestes et aux conditions d’exercice de leur fonction. Elle permet de révéler les contours d’une institution pléthorique, qui constitua, dans les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, un enjeu de pouvoir et un instrument de contrôle de la renommée universitaire.
Enhancing Evidence-Based Public Health Policy: Developing and Using Policy Narratives
Authors: Troy Lisa M. , Kietzman Kathryn G.
Published: May 2016

Academic researchers and clinicians have a critical role in shaping public policies to improve the health of an aging America. Policy narratives that pair personal stories with research statistics are a powerful tool to share knowledge generated in academic and clinical settings with policymakers. Effective policy narratives rely on a trustworthy and competent narrator and a compelling story that highlights the personal impact of policies under consideration and academic research that bolsters the story. Awareness of the cultural differences in the motivations, expectations, and institutional constraints of academic researchers and clinicians as information producers and U.S. Congress and federal agencies as information users is critical to the development of policy narratives that impact policy decisions. The current article describes the development and use of policy narratives to bridge cultures and enhance evidence-based public health policies that better meet the needs of older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42
(6), 11–17.]
A comparison of Loon balloon observations and stratospheric reanalyses products
Authors: Friedrich Leon S. , McDonald Adrian J. , Bodeker Gregory E. , Cooper Kathy E. , Lewis Jared , Paterson Alexander J.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Location information from long duration super pressure balloons flying in the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere during 2014 as part of X Project Loon are used to assess the quality of a number of different reanalyses including National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2 (NCEP-CFSv2), European Centre for Medium-RangeWeather Forecasts (ERA-Interim), NASA Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), and the recently released MERRA version 2. Balloon GPS location information is used to derive wind speeds which are then compared with values from the reanalyses interpolated to the balloon times and locations. All reanalysis data sets accurately describe the winds, with biases in zonal winds of less than 0.37 m/s and meridional biases of less than 0.08 m/s. The standard deviation on the differences between Loon and reanalyses zonal winds is latitude dependent, ranging between 2.5 and 3.5 m/s increasing equatorward. Comparisons between Loon trajectories and those calculated by applying a trajectory model to reanalyses wind fields show that MERRA-2 wind fields result in the most accurate simulated trajectories with a mean 5 day balloon–reanalysis trajectory separation of 621 km and median separation of 324 km showing significant improvements over MERRA version 1 and slightly outperforming ERA-Interim. The latitudinal structure of the trajectory statistics for all reanalyses displays marginally lower mean separations between 15° S and 35° S than between 35° S and 55° S, despite standard deviations in the wind differences increasing toward the equator. This is shown to be related to the distance travelled by the balloon playing a role in the separation statistics.
Veno-Arterial ECMO for Rescue of Severe Airway Hemorrhage with Rigid Bronchoscopy after Pulmonary Artery Thromboendarterectomy
Authors: Chacón-Alves Silvia , Pérez-Vela Jose Luis , Grau-Carmona Teodoro , Domínguez-Aguado Helena , Marín-Mateos Helena , Renes-Carreño Emilio
Published: May 2016

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the treatment of choice to relieve pulmonary artery obstruction in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We present a patient with airway obstruction and acute respiratory failure due to large blood clots obstructing the trachea and main left bronchus. This condition was accompanied by right ventricle failure and cardiogenic shock. A venoarterial ECMO system was used for cardiopulmonary support before extracting the clots and clearing the airway by rigid bronchoscopy.
Mathematical Thinking Process of Autistic Students in Terms of Representational Gesture
Authors: Mustafa Sriyanti , Nusantara Toto , Subanji Subanji , Irawati Santi
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to describe the mathematical thinking process of autistic students in terms of gesture, using a qualitative approach. Data collecting is conducted by using 3 (three) audio-visual cameras. During the learning process, both teacher and students’ activity are recorded using handy cam and digital camera (full HD capacity). Once the data is collected (the recording process is complete), it will be analyzed exploratively until data triangulation is carried out. Results of this study describes the process of mathematical thinking in terms of a gesture of students with autism in three categories, namely correctly processed, partially processed, and contradictory processed. Correctly processed is a series of actions to solve the problems that are processed properly marked with a matching gesture, partially processed is a series of actions to resolve problems with partially processed properly marked with discrepancy gesture, while contradictory processed is a series of actions to solve the problems that are processed incorrectly marked with the dominance of discrepancy gesture. Matching gesture demonstrate the suitability of movement or facial expressions when observing, pointing, and uncover/calling the object being observed, while the discrepancy gesture indicates a mismatch movements or facial expressions when observing, pointing, and uncover/calling the object being observed.
Characteristics of the soft X-ray emission from laser-produced highly charged platinum plasmas
Authors: Hara Hiroyuki , Arai Goki , Kondo Yoshiki , Dinh Thanh-Hung , Dunne Padraig , O’Sullivan Gerry , Ejima Takeo , Hatano Tadashi , Jiang Weihua , Nishikino Masaharu , Sasaki Akira , Sunahara Atsushi , Higashiguchi Takeshi
Published: May 2016

We characterized the spectral structure of the soft X-ray emission and determined the plasma parameters in laser-produced highly charged platinum plasmas. The spectral structure observed originated from Pt21+ to Pt34+ ions, emissions from which overlapped to produce a high output flux in the carbon-window soft X-ray spectral region. Using dual laser pulse irradiation, we observed the maximum output flux, which was 20% larger than that obtained under single-laser irradiation, and the evolution of a strongly absorbed spectral structure, which was attributed to the effects of both opacity and long-scale length of the expanding pre-plasma.
Water‐Triggered Self‐Healing Coatings of Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes for High Binding Affinity and Antioxidative Property
Authors: Du Yong , Qiu Wen‐Ze , Wu Zi Liang , Ren Peng‐Fei , Zheng Qiang , Xu Zhi‐Kang
Published: May 2016

Recent years have witnessed the rapid developments of self‐healing coatings because they can protect materials from diverse risks and are able to autonomously heal after being physically damaged. Here, a universal yet facile method is reported with high time and cost efficiency to fabricate transparent water‐enabled self‐healing coatings on various substrates by precipitating hydrogen‐bonded tannic acid (TA)‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) complexes in aqueous solution. The precipitated complexes coalesce to form uniform and transparent coatings on the substrates; after drying, mechanically robust coatings are obtained. TA endows such coatings with strong adhesion to a wide range of substrates and admirable antioxidant properties. Repeatable self‐healing of the coatings is realized by simply exposing them to water or humid environment. Furthermore, these coatings can be readily erased by soaking them in basic solution, if needed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Contribution to the SrCa2Lu10O18‐Type Compounds. Element Distribution in Ba2Ca5Dy18ZrO36 (I).
Authors: MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. + , VOGT R.
Published: May 2016

Single crystals of (I) are prepared from a mixture of BaCO3, CaO, Dy2O3, and ZrO2 (1.5:2:3:1) by using the CO2‐laser technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Threshold and Cage Effect for Dissociation of H2O and D2O in Ar and Kr Matrices.
Authors: SCHRIEVER R. , CHERGUI M. , UENAL OE. + , SCHWENTNER N. , STEPANENKO V.
Published: May 2016

A threshold near 6.8 eV is observed for the dissociation of H2O (and D2O) via the repulsive A(1B1) potential in rare gas matrices.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanism Between Pyruvic Acid and Aromatic Amines.
Authors: TAPIA I. , ALCAZAR V. , MORAN J. R. , GRANDE M.
Published: May 2016

In the search for synthetic equivalents of pyruvic acid dianions the reaction between pyruvic acid and amines is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Triflates as Functional Lewis Acids. A New Entry to Simple and Efficient Robinson Annulation.
Authors: SATO T. , WAKAHARA Y. , OTERA J. , NOZAKI H.
Published: May 2016

The silyl enol ethers (I) react with methyl vinyl ketone (II) in the presence of dibutyltin bistriflate to give the diketones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrolytic Reduction of Ketones and Aldehydes on a Platinum Electrode in the Presence of Zinc Chloride.
Authors: IKEDA Y.
Published: May 2016

Preparative electrolysis of the carbonyl compounds (I) is achieved in the presence of ZnCl2 to give the alcohols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Deoxygenation of Organoheteroatom Oxides Using Sodium Hydride‐Promoted by Organolanthanide Complexes.
Authors: QIAN C. , ZHU D.
Published: May 2016

Deoxygenation of the amine oxide (I), phosphine oxide (III), diphenyl sulfoxide (V), azoxybenzene (VII), or pyridine N‐oxide (IX) is achieved by treatment with sodium hydride or lithium alanate in the presence of tricyclopentadienylsamarium.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Trifluorochloropropylidenation of Silyl Enol Ethers. A Facile Method for the Preparation of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: OKANO T. , UEKAWA T. , SAWAKI H. , EGUCHI S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the trimethylsilyl enol ethers (I) with the trichlorotrifluoroethane (II) in the presence of a Ru(II) catalyst and subsequent dehydrochlorination with triethylamine yield the unsaturated chloro ketones (IIIa) and (IIIb) and the ester (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Benzopyrans. Part 26. 2‐Oxo‐2H,5H‐pyrano(3,2‐c)(1)benzopyrans from Some Simple Condensates of 4‐Oxo‐4H‐(1)benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: GHOSH C. K. , BANDYOPADHYAY C. , BISWAS S. , CHAKRAVARTY A. K.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the nitriles (Ia) in EtOH in the presence of dimethylaniline gives the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Macroheterocycles. Part 51. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Polyamines in a Two‐Phase System.
Authors: LUK'YANENKO N. G. , BASOK S. S. , FILONOVA L. K. , KULIKOV N. V. , PASTUSHOK V. N.
Published: May 2016

Phase‐transfer catalyzed reaction of the sulfonamide (I) with glycol ditosylate (II) and subsequent deprotection produces the tetraazacyclododecane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Phosphorus‐Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction of Coordinated Trimethylphosphine in (PMe3)4Ru(OC6H4Me)2.
Authors: HARTWIG J. F. , BERGMAN R. G. , ANDERSEN R. A.
Published: May 2016

On thermolysis of the title compound (III), cleavage of the P‐C bond in a PMe3 ligand occurs with transformation to a dimethylarylphosphinite ligand in the orthometalated product (IV) (space group P21/n, Z = 8).
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Compounds. Part 6. Structural Features of C.I. Disperse Yellow 232.
Authors: AYYANGAR N. R. , SRINIVASAN K. V. , DANIEL T.
Published: May 2016

The disperse dye Yellow 232 (V) is prepared using two synthetic pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Homostatine‐Containing Renin Inhibitor Which Incorporates a Sulfonemethylene Isostere at Its N‐Terminus.
Authors: NAKANO M. , ATSUUMI S. , KOIKE Y. , TANAKA S. , FUNABASHI H. , HASHIMOTO J. , OHKUBO M. , MORISHIMA H.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the synthons (VI) and (XII) yields the title compound (XIII), which is a highly active renin inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Quinolone Antibacterials. Part 1. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 7‐(2‐Aminoethoxy)‐, 7‐(2‐Aminoethylthio)‐, and 7‐(2‐Aminoethylamino)‐1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives.
Authors: YOSHIDA T. , YAMAMOTO Y. , YAGI N. , YASUDA S. , KATOH H. , ITOH Y.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are obtained by coupling the difluorodihydrooxoquinolinecarboxylic acids (I) with the amines (II).
Investigation of the Levels of Serum Amyloid A, YKL‐40, and Pentraxin‐3 in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Ciftci Sefa , Celik Huseyin Tugrul , Atukeren Pinar , Ciftci Nurdan , Deniz Mustafa Saygin , Coskun Yavuz Yasemin , Hacievliyagil Kazanci Fatmanur , Gök Sümeyye , Demirin Hilmi , Yigitoglu Muhammet Ramazan
Published: May 2016

Background

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive form of recurrent episodes of fever and an autoinflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes. The clinical diagnosis is supported by the laboratory findings. This study investigated the relationship of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), YKL‐40, and Pentraxin‐3 (PTX‐3) with the FMF disease.

Methods

About 50 patients with FMF were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to disease severity score (mild, moderate, and severe). Thirty‐seven healthy individuals were included as the control group. Serum SAA, YKL‐40, and PTX‐3 concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit.

Results

Serum SAA and YKL‐40 levels of FMF patients were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.001). PTX‐3 levels were found to be higher in patients even though there was no significant difference (P = 0.113). Whereas the positive predictive value was 71.9% for cut‐off point of SAA, the positive predictive value was 83.3% for cut‐off point of YKL‐40. Whereas a significant correlation was detected in SAA and PTX‐3 with YKL‐40 (respectively; P = 0.036, P < 0.001), there was no correlation between the PTX‐3 with SAA (P = 0.219).

Conclusions

YKL‐40 can be used together with SAA to support the diagnosis of FMF and to monitor the severity of the disease. In this study, YKL‐40 levels were examined for the first time in FMF patients and further studies are necessary using larger patient samples.