bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Avian Community in Reduction of Spodoptera Pest Population in Sugar Beet at Pune
Authors: Shivankar S.B. Shivankar , Magar S.B. , Shinde V.D. , Ghodake P.V. , Yadav R.G. Yadav , Patil A.S.
Published: January 2010

Experiments were conducted at Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Pune in a RBD with three replications during 2005 to 2007 in sugar beet (var. posada) for control of Spodoptera litura Fab. The ornithological studies had shown the major avian community, Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus), Passer domesticus (Linnaeus), Vanellus indicus (Boddaert), Corvus splendens (Vieillot), Centropus sinensis (Stephens), Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus), Eudynamys scolopacea (Linnaeus), with a relative abundance of 14.33, 13.26, 11.46, 5.73, 3.87, 3.54, and 2.79%, respectively.The reduction in mean S. litura population due to the pick up of the larvae by birds during three crop seasons ranged from 33.90 to 69.47%. Installation of minimum 15 bird perches/ha in 60 days after sugar beet sowing noticed effective considering the number of birds sittings (130.66/day), reduction in larval population of S. litura (39.99%), and root yield (71.36 ton/ha).Keywords: Sugar beet, Spodoptera, avian community, yield.doi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1650Our Nature (2008)6:19-25
Abnormality in Bagarius bagarius (Ham.) (Cypriniformes: Sisoridae) from Nepal
Authors: Subba Bharat Raj
Published: January 2010

Abnormalities in Bagarius bagarius (Ham.) collected from the Biratnagar fish market was studied with the help of x-ray photographs, morphological and anatomical examinations. Vertebral column behind pelvic fin region has three serpentine shaped curvatures. Tubercles irregularly arranged along the lateral lines of both sides. In the deformed vertebrae inter-vertebral space is comparatively wide. Developmental error was found responsible for deformities in the present fish specimen.Keywords: Abnormality, Bagarius bagarius, vertebral columndoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1651Our Nature (2008)6:26-29
Morphology and Morphometry of the Olfactory Rosette of a Teleostean Fish: Catla catla (Ham.)
Authors: Kumari K.
Published: January 2010

The morphological structure and morphology of the olfactory organs in a freshwater, aquatic breathing fish, Catla catla (Ham.) has been described. It consists of two nasal openings on each side of the head, the anterior and posterior nasal opening with a prominent nasal flap in between. A pair of olfactory rosettes is lodged in the depression called olfactory pits or olfactory chambers. The olfactory rosettes are oval, cup shaped structures. Each rosette bears a series of olfactory lamellae on each side of the median raphe. A single lamella is a flat, bifid tongue like structure. Measurements of the dimension of olfactory rosettes have been made and the data were analysed with respect to body weight using logarithmic transformations, Y = awb. The total number of lamellae in the olfactory rosette increased with increase in body weight. With unit increase in body weight, the total number of lamellae increased by a power (b) of 0.2603, while the total surface area of lamellae increased by power of (b) 0.636. Both the parameters showed highly significant correlation coefficient i.e. r = 0.9894; P < 0.001 and r = 0.95218; P < 0.001 respectively.Key words: Catla catla, Olfactory organ, Morphology, Morphometricsdoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1652Our Nature (2008)6:30-37
Growth Performance of Silver Barb (Puntius gonionotus) in Mono and Polyculture Systems
Authors: Chaudhary S.N. , Shrestha M.K. , Jha D.K. , Pandit N.P.
Published: January 2010

An experiment was conducted for 190 days from September 15, 2005 to March 25, 2006 in 12 outdoor concrete tanks of 24 m2 (4.9 m × 4.9 m) size and 1.25 m in water depth, at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to evaluate the growth performance and profitability of silver barb in mono and polyculture systems. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments having three replications each. There was one mono and three polyculture systems of silver barb with different fish species as treatments: (1) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 (control); (2) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus common carp at 0.2 fish/m2; (3) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus male Nile tilapia at 0.3 fish/m2; and (4) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus carps at 0.5 fish/m2 (silver carp 40%, bighead carp 20%, and common carp 40%). Silver barb were fed with 23% CP feed @ 4% body weight daily.At harvest, the mean weight, daily weight gain, gross fish yield (GFY) and net fish yield (NFY) of silver barb in monoculture treatment were significantly greater than in polyculture with common carp (p < 0.05), whereas there were no differences with polyculture with Nile tilapia (p > 0.05). However, survival of silver barb was not significantly different among treatments (p > 0.05). The combined GFY in polyculture with Nile tilapia treatment was significantly greater than in polyculture with common carp and in polyculture with other carps (p < 0.05). The NFY was highest in polyculture with Nile tilapia (4.4 ton/ha/yr), intermediate in polyculture with other carps (3.5 ton/ha/yr) and lowest in polyculture with common carp (2.9 ton/ha/yr) and monoculture (2.5 ton/ha/yr). Water quality parameters were not much difference in different treatments; however, water temperature was a crucial as it was less than 20°C for about 3 months (mid November to mid February). All the treatments produced positive net returns; however, the net returns were higher in polyculture with Nile tilapia than in other treatments. This study demonstrated that silver barb polyculture with male Nile tilapia is far better than other combinations.Keywords: Silver barb, Monoculture, Polyculturedoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1653Our Nature (2008)6:38-46
Freshwater Molluscs from Mudbalwa Village Develoment Committee, Rautahat , Nepal
Authors: Yadav Chandra Narayan R. , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: January 2010

The collection comprised nine of molluscs belonging to six families viz. Viviparidae, Pilidae, Planorbidae, Thiaridae, Amblemidae and Corbilidae. Out of six families, two families viz. Thiaridae and Amblemidae are represented by two species.Keywords: Mollusc, Mudbalwa VDC, Nepaldoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1660Our Nature (2008)6:82-83
The Birds of Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Baral H.S. , Inskipp C.
Published: January 2010

Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve lies in the southwest corner of Nepal. It has been listed as an important bird area and a number of bird studies have been conducted here. The reserve is an important refuge especially for many grassland birds, several of which are globally threatened. The high, total of 15 globally threatened and 13 near-threatened bird species occur in Sukla Phanta. Some of the bird species reach their world limit of distribution at Sukla Phanta. Of all the habitats found in Sukla Phanta, grassland is the most important. Conservation and management of grasslands that are sympathetic to bird populations are urgent at Sukla Phanta. Key words: Sarcogyps calvus, globally threatened birds, Sukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve, NepalDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2554Our Nature (2009) 7:56-81
Nutrient Composition and Calorific Value of Some Seaweeds from Bet Dwarka, West Coast of Gujarat, India
Authors: J.I. Nirmal Kumar , Kumar R.N. , Patel K. , Viyol S. , Bhoi R.
Published: January 2010

Seaweeds are used many folds for animal and human food, soil manure, salt extractions (soda, iodine etc.) and colloid production (agar-agar, alginate, carrageenan, furcellaran etc.), cosmetics and pharmaceutics. These represent important economical resources in world wide, where they are not only largely harvested but also intensively and largely employed in the human nutrition. Mineral composition of seaweeds was found relatively higher as compared to the land vegetables. Keeping the significance in mind, in current work nine seaweeds such as Chaetomorpha spp., Cladophora facicaularis, Ulva lactuca, Caulerepa racemosa, Caulerepa sertularioides, Valoniopsis pachynema, Sargassum ilicifolium, Sargassum polycustum and Porphyra vietnamensis growing along the Bet Dwarka, West Coast of Gujarat, India were collected and analyzed for nutrient / mineral composition like Mg, K, Na, Ca, S, N, Cl and P, ash content and calorific value. The nutrient concentration ranges found for each sample, were as follows:  Mg, 70.4-248.1; K, 16.6-128.04; Na, 78.7-129.07; Ca, 121-476.67; S, 101.11-214.99; N, 34.31-56.34; Cl, 26.12-235.66; and  P, 0.78-1.53 expressed in g/100 g dry weight.  Calorific content and ash content, ranged between 11.3-22.6 MJ/Kg and 23.0-41.9 g/100 g dry weight, respectively. Calorific content was negatively correlated with ash content and nutrient composition, but ash content was found to be positive correlation with mineral composition of selected sea weeds. Key words: Seaweeds, Ulva lactuca Nutritional composition, Calorific content, Ash contentDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2565Our Nature (2009) 7:18-25
Soil-borne Fungi of Cultivated Lands of Biratnagar, Morang District, Nepal
Authors: Luitel K.P. , Koirala U.
Published: January 2010

This paper deals with the soil-borne fungi of cultivated lands of Biratnagar, Nepal.Key words: Soil borne fungi, Biratnagar, NepalDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2579Our Nature (2009) 7:232-235
Diversity of Zooplanktons in Betna Wetland, Belbari, Morang
Authors: Tiwari R.B. , Thapa Chhetry D.
Published: January 2010

This paper deals with the  diversity of zooplanktons in Betna Wetland, MorangKey words: Zooplankton, taxonomic groups, Betna wetlandDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2580Our Nature (2009) 7:236-237
On Some Diatoms from Upper Mustang Trans-Himalaya Region, Nepal
Authors: Subba B.R. , Pandey M.R. , Limbu K.P. , Rai S.K.
Published: January 2010

This paper deals with the diatoms from Upper Mustang Trans-Himalaya Region, Nepal.Key words: Algae, Diatoms, Upper Mustang Trans-Himalaya, NepalDOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2583Our Nature (2009) 7:243-247
Ultrasound Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Cervical Lymph Nodes
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Sadeque ASQM , Omar Eliza , Khakta Sonjoy Kumar
Published: January 2010

This study was conducted to see whether the size (measured by maximal short axis diameter), shape (expressed in terms of ratio dividing long axis diameter of the node by short axis diameter or L/S ratio), marginal clarity (regular or irregular margin), internal echo-pattern (homogeneous hypoechoic or heterogeneous) and hilar echogenicity (presence or absence of echo-genicity in hilum) are good criteria for differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes using high frequency (high resolution) ultrasound probe. The study was carried out from January 1998 to December 1998, among patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes who were scanned with a high frequency (5.0 MHz) curvilinear probe. Chi-Square test was done to see the statistical correlation between two groups of nodes. A p value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Out of 65 nodes studied, 26 (100%) enlarged cervical nodes with short axis diameter more than 1 cm were all malignant. In contrast 31 (79.5%) of 39 enlarged nodes with short axis diameter less than 1cm were benign and rest were malignant (p<0.001). Of 34 enlarged nodes with L/S ratio <2, 30 (88.2%) nodes were found malignant and 4 (11.8%) were benign. Among the rest 31 enlarged nodes, 27 (87.1%) with L/S ratio ≥ 2 were benign while 4 (12.9%) were malignant (p <0.001). Among the 39 nodes with regular margin 28 (71.8%) were found benign, where as among 26 nodes with irregular margin 23 (88.5%) were malignant (p <0.001). When the internal echopattern was taken in account, 32 nodes had homogeneous hypoechoic echo of which 28 (87.5%) were benign and among 33 nodes with heterogeneous echopattern 30 (90.9%) were malignant (p <0.001). Among the 43 enlarged nodes with presence of hilar echogenicity 31(72.1%) were found benign and 22 (100%) nodes with no hilar echogenicity were all malignant (p <0.001). Such findings suggest that real time high resolution ultrasound might assist in differentiation of benign and malignant enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 40-44 Indexing words: Ultrasound, cervical lymph nodes, benign, malignant. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4161
Knowledge and Practices on Neonatal Care among Selected Mothers Attending Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Begum Housne Ara , Khan Mohammad Faizul Haque
Published: January 2010

This study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital from December 2007 to February 2008 and was based on primary data on knowledge and practice of 400 mothers of neonates attending the hospital. More than 50% of the mothers had appropriate knowledge on feeding, hand washing, care of eye and umbilicus and they were practicing as well. Less than 50% of the mothers had an appropriate knowledge on raising neonates, shaving hair, bathing, vaccination, oil massaging and their practice rates also did commensurate with their knowledge level. It may be concluded that half of the interviewed mothers had an inadequate knowledge and adopted inappropriate practices in the care of their neonates. Strong steps should be taken to improve the level of knowledge and change attitudes for providing healthy practices of mothers in the care of their children. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 59-62 DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4218
Gingivitis in Primary School Children of Bangladesh
Authors: Mishu Masuma Pervin , Hubbard Richard Marshal , Haque Sejuty , Sayeed M Abu , Imam Syed Touseef , Khanam Parvin Akhter , Begum Tanjima , Khan Mahfujul Haq
Published: January 2010

Though early diagnosis and intervention of gingivitis in school children can eliminate progression to frank periodontal diseases, no such measures in Bangladesh are in place to detect gingivitis at an early stage in school children. This survey was conducted in 2007 in the primary schools of rural, suburban and urban areas of Bangladesh to evaluate oral hygiene with special emphasis on gingivitis prevalent among 6-13 years school children. The clinical examination of the gingiva was carried out using a mouth mirror and a periodontal probe. A total of 1,820 primary school students (m/f = 946/ 873) took part in the investigation. The crude prevalence of gingivitis, AS* and plaque were 17.5%, 9.2% and 56.0% respectively. The prevalence of gingivitis was significantly higher in males than females (20.3 vs. 14.3%, p<0.001), lower than upper social class (21.1 vs. 12.6%, p<0.001) and in rural than urban plus suburban children (22.5 vs. 15.1%, p<0.001). Likewise, the prevalence of AS and plaque were significantly higher in males, lower social class and rural children. Significantly lower prevalence of gingivitis, AS and plaque was found among those who used tooth brush and tooth paste than those who did not (15.4% vs 22.4%, p<0.001). The study concludes that the prevalence of oro-dental diseases is high in Bangladeshi children. The male children of low social class of rural communities are the most vulnerable group. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 71-74 Key Words: Gingivitis, primary school children, oral health education. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4221
Effects of NonPharmacological Interventions on Dietary Practices, Energy Expenditure and Biochemical Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Afnan Fadia , Saleh Farzana , Mumu Shirin Jahan , Akhter Afroza , Ahmed Kazi Rumana , Akter Sanzida , Pervin Tanjuma
Published: January 2010

Nonpharmacological interventions play an important role in the management of diabetes and its complications. This study analyzed the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on dietary practices, energy expenditure and management outcome in terms of glycemic and lipidemic status of type 2 diabetic subjects with hypercholesterolemia. These interventions included dietary advice, leaflets, televised lectures, booklets, posters and a bimonthly publication in Bangla. Eighty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (male: female ratio 47:33, age 46 ± 8 years) with hypercholesterolemia (fasting serum total cholesterol >200 mg/dl) were selected from BIRDEM by purposive sampling. The first interview was taken before any intervention while the second interview was taken after a minimum interval of 8 weeks. The daily intake of macro- and micro- nutrients was assessed by 24- hr recall method. Energy expenditure of the subjects was calculated by factorial method using physical activity level (WHO/FAO/UNU 1985). After intervention, the proportion of carbohydrate, protein and fat intake of the study subjects did not differ significantly compared to values before intervention. The daily intake of micronutrients also did not differ compared to those before intervention. No significant difference was found between pre and post intervention values of per day energy intake (kcal, 1621 ± 426 vs 1645 ± 623). Total energy expenditure after intervention was significantly higher (1649 ± 340) compared to before intervention (1519 ± 353, p<0.002). After intervention, fasting serum glucose level (7 ± 1.43 mmol/l), serum glucose 2 hrs after breakfast (11 ± 4.1 mmol/l) and total cholesterol (217 ± 35 mg/dl) were significantly reduced compared to before intervention values (9 ± 4, 16 ± 7, 231 ± 32 respectively; p=0.001 for FSG, p=0.001 for SGABF, p<0.001 for total cholesterol). Nonpharmacological intervention was found to be effective in improving the management of diabetes and its complications. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 75-77 DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4222
Torsion of the Gravid Uterus
Authors: Jahan Samsad , Jalil Masuma , Khan Masuda Islam , Jesmin Suha , Rumman Umme
Published: January 2010

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 78-79 DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4223
Frequency of Hypomagnesemia in Hospitalized Diabetic Hypokalemic Patients
Authors: Haque Wasim Md Mohosinul , Khan AR , Nazimuddin Khwaja , Musa AKM , Ahmed AKM Shaheen , Sarker Rene Suzan Claude
Published: January 2010

Recent studies suggest that there is strong relationship between serum magnesium and diabetes. Low serum magnesium is one of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus and its complications, at the same time diabetes is one of the common causes of hypomagnesemia. Hypokalemia is also quite common in diabetic patient. When hypokalemia coexists with hypomagnesemia, the chance of ‘complications of hypokalemia' increase significantly. In addition, the correction of hypokalemia becomes difficult. However, the exact frequency of hypomagnesemia in diabetic hypokalemic patient is not yet defined. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to find out the frequency of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized diabetic hypokalemic patient. Thirty consecutive diabetic patients with hypokalemia admitted under medical unit 1 BIRDEM were included in this study. There were 20 Female; and 10 male, mean age was 52.33±12.97 years, duration of diabetes was 1 - 20 years, mean serum potassium was 2.37± .36m mol/l, The mean ± SD of serum magnesium was 0.67 ±0.26 m mol/l. Hypomagnesemia was present in 19 patients (63.3%). Fifteen normokalemic diabetic patients were taken as control. Only one subject had Hypomagnesemia in control. Sample mean of serum magnesium has been found significantly lower than general population (P=.001) and control (P=.034) Key words: Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, diabetes, frequency DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4227 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 10-13
Dynamics of Spirulina in Promoting Health Benefits for Arsenicosis Patients
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Hasibur , Islam AZM Maidul , Sikder MS
Published: January 2010

A total number of 40 patients affected with arsenicosis were selected and clinically examined prior to feeding trials. The interrelatedness between improvement respondents following spirulina intake in respect of age, sex, nutrition and social condition of patients exposed to arsenic contaminated water was evidenced. Among sexwise respondents about 62% females showed improvement in comparison to 58.3% males. The spirulina intake caused more improvements in age group 15-35 years (66.66%) than patients of 35 to 55 years (50%). The impact of spirulina improvement showed a different vulnerability of social taboos. It occurred 71.42% in middle class, while in poor class this was 69.29%. The greatly vulnerable poverty related malnourished arsenicosis patients responded to therapy equally as attained by well nourished patients. The overall response revealed that 60% patients showed improvement with spirulina treatment which was statistically highly significant (x2 = 8.64 at P< 0.01). The viability of spirulina to offer health benefits to arsenicosis patients proved considerably satisfactory, because there was significant improvements of general health in all patients who received spirulina during the experimental period. Although 60 to 70% recovery has been recorded with spirulina intake in arsenicosis patients, but it is still interesting to note that the drug assisted remedy from malnutrition and might have boosted up the immune system. The present research study evidenced that arsenic, which induces cellular toxicity, could be prevented by treatment with known supportive treatment, such as spirulina along with other antioxidants. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4228 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 14-21
Balloon Temponade to Prevent Primary PPH in Jaundice - A Prospective Study
Authors: Siddiqui Maruf , Rashid Maliha
Published: January 2010

This prospective interventional study was carried out on 40 intrapartum jaundice patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January to December 2004. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic intrauterine hydrostatic balloon/condom temponade in addition to other conventional methods to prevent and control postpartum haemorrhage in patients with jaundice, to detect the prevalence of different etiological agents responsible for jaundice and to assess the foeto-maternal outcome in this study group. Prophylactic intrauterine hydrostatic balloon temponade was inserted in all of the 40 cases which showed an excellent effectiveness in preventing postpartum haemorrhage in patients with jaundice. The study also showed increased prevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and a high proportion of perinatal deaths in the study population. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4229 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 22-25
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stenting  Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Rahman F , Banerjee S , Ahmed CM , Uddin MS , Anam Khirul , Alam MS , Haque KMHSS
Published: January 2010

This prospective ongoing study conducted in University Cardiac Center, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2004 to April 2006. 100 patients (mean age 52.4±6.2 years) underwent Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary angioplasty and stenting (PTCA & stenting) were evaluated. This study was designed to evaluate the short term angiographic and clinical results of stentangioplasty during hospital stay. The study group of 100 patients consisted of 88 (88%) men and 12 (12%) women. About risk factors 36 (36%) had hypertension, 30 (30%) were smoker, 20 (20%) suffered from diabetes mellitus, 14 (14%) had family history of ischaemic heart disease. Average Left ventricular ejection fraction was 54.2±7. Target vessel PTCA were done on 130 vessels, intracoronary stent implanted in 124 vessels, direct stenting was done in 80 cases, failed PTCA were in 4 (4%) cases, and three patients had dissection. The native vessels had a mean reference diameter of 2.89 mm and their luminal diameter increased significantly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow analysis showed most of the patients had TIMI-1 flow (95,73%) before the procedure and maximum patients achieved TIMI-3 flow (91, 70%) after the procedure with significant clinical improvement. All the patients were discharged by one to three days of the procedure with improvement of their clinical condition. So PTCA and Stenting is a safe and effective technique with high procedural success rate and good short-term (hospital) clinical results in the native coronary artery lesions. Key words: Coronary artery diseases; PTCA and stenting. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4230 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 26-31
Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Newborn Baby
Authors: Das Jagadish C
Published: January 2010

Assessment of fluid and electrolyte properly in neonate is very important but difficult. Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during this period depends on some factors notably gestational age of baby, its postnatal age, pathological conditions and environmental situation. In fetus, water and electrolytes is constantly supplied from mother, which is cut-off by delivery of the baby. Extracellular fluid volume that is greater than intracellular fluid volume in fetus precipitously decreases after birth. Adaptation of fluid and electrolyte after birth is due to discontinuation of placental exchange, onset of insensible water loss, thermoregulation, autonomic renal regulation and intake of fluid and other nutrients. The adaptation course is divided into transition phase, intermediate phase and stable growth phase. Fluid and electrolyte therapy in neonate should be very judicious, because administration of minimum fluid and electrolyte may bring a maximum proportionate change of such environment. Fluid requirement in neonate after birth increases gradually by first few days. Preterm baby require more fluid than term baby during the first week of life due to high insensible water loss in the former. Electrolytes with intravenous fluid should be offered after ensuring initial diuresis, a decrease in sodium or at least 5-6% weight loss in neonates. Key words: Fluid, electrolyte, homeostasis, newborn baby. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4232 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 39-45
Loss of vision in a bleeding peptic ulcer patient following resuscitation - an unusual cause of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Majumder Md Shafayet Hasan
Published: January 2010

A 55-year old male, known to have peptic ulcer disease for 4 years, started haematamesis and melaena in a rural area of Bangladesh and was admitted into hospital with circulatory collapse. He was resuscitated with 8 units of whole blood transfusion and became stable. But he developed sudden loss of vision and fundoscopy revealed bilateral papilloedema but CT scan appeared normal. Clinical and ophthalmological evaluation was consistent with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Key words: optic neuropathy; peptic ulcer   DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v26i1.4234 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2008; 26: 50-54
How Can We Afford to Save Our Children from Pneumonia  The Biggest Killer!
Authors: Mollah Md Abid Hossain , Rahman Shegufta , Anwar Kazi Selim
Published: January 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i1.4236 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 1-3
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) without General Anaesthesia - An Initial Experience in NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Naimul , Hossain Md Shahadat , Ferdous Shahnaz , Beg Abdul Kaleque , Ahsan NA Kamrul , Chowdhury AYF Elahi
Published: January 2010

Objective: our initial experience with 15 patients operated on without general anesthesia is reviewed to explore the validity of our surgical strategy. Material and Methods: 15 males between 45-65 years underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) with high thoracic epidural anesthesia (HTEA) between April to September 2006. Target vessels involved were the single vessel in 5, double vessel in 7 and triple vessel disease in 3 patients. CABG was performed through a median sternotomy in 13 patients and through limited access in 2 patients. Results: Among 15 patients, patients remain awake or were lightly sedated breathing spontaneously in 9 cases. In 3 patients pneumothorax was observed during surgical intervention. Average length of ICU stay was 1 day (range 1 to 2 days). In all cases, patients showed lack of treatable cardiac dysrhythmias and stable haemodynamic response to surgical procedures including cardiac positioning and direct handling. Conclusion: CABG under epidural anesthesia appeared to be safe for and satisfying to the patients. Stable haemodynamics, low incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias and early recovery and discharge from ICU and low cost involvement are among the benefits that can be derived from this technique at least in selected patients. High thoracic epidural anaesthesia was proved to be very efficient in achieving, somatosensory & motor block in the chest, which inturn facilitating CABG without endotracheal general anaesthesia in selected patients. CABG in an awake patient without endotracheal general anaesthesia was first performed in October 1998 with high thoracic epidural block1. Since then, similar cases had been reported in the literature to decrease the invasiveness of the CABG procedure. This report presents our initial experience in 15 patients which was performed during a time period of 6 months. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i1.4239 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 22-24
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis - A Case Report
Authors: Pramanik Md Abul Kasem , Begum SM Khodeza Nahar , Rashid Ali Mohammad , Kalimuddin Md , Shahabuddin Md , Hasan Md Nazmul
Published: January 2010

Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis is a rare condition characterised by gas-filled cysts in the wall of the smallgut and sometimes in its mesentry. When the process is limited to the large intestine, the term pneumatosis coli is used . The exact cause of the condition is unknown but it may develop in diseases like peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, chronic bronchitis etc. The condition is usually diagnosed incidentally during abdominal scanning or investigation for the primary disease. Presentation as a case of gastric outlet obstruction (proximal jejunal obstruction) as happened in this case, is rare. A young adult male cultivator presented as a case of gastric outlet obstruction due to suspected chronic duodenal ulcer ( a common complication of Peptic ulcer disease in our country ). Per-operatively, gas filled cysts in proximal jejunum with almost obliteration of the lumen of the intestine was detected and diagnosed as a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and was treated with resection and anastomosis of the affected portion of gut. The patient is in good health even 5 years after the operation and showed no signs of recurrence of the condition. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i1.4243 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 45-48
Laryngo-Tracheal Scleroma- A Case Report
Authors: Siddiquee Belayat Hossain , Datta Pran Gopal , Alam Md Sahbub , Dey Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2010

Scleroma is a granulomatous condition of the nose and other parts of the respiratory tract, usually primarily affects the nose and the nasopharynx (Rhinoscleroma). But rarely they also occur in the larynx (secondary to rhinoscleroma or primary laryngeal affection). This is endemic in Eastern Europe, North Africa, Southern Asia and Central America. In Bangladesh this is almost clinically unknown but theoretically possible. Presented case of laryngo-tracheal scleroma is possibly the first ever reported one from Bangladesh. The main presentation of this patient was laryngeal obstruction simulating malignancy and finally demanded tracheostomy. Only post surgical histopathology report could reveal the diagnosis. Key words: Scleroma, Laryngeal scleroma. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i1.4244 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 49-51
Large Right Atrial Myxoma- An Uncommon Cardiac Tumor Needs Urgent Surgery
Authors: Quashem MA , Roy Hriday Ranjan , Kibria Md Golam , Islam AEM Masharul , Majumder AA Shafi , Ahsan NA Kamrul , Ahmed NU
Published: January 2010

A middle aged man was admitted into National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases with the complaints of intermittent syncopal attack, dyspnoea, low grade fever and headache. After admission, he was diagnosed as a of case right atrial (RA) myxoma by echocardiography. With all preoperative preparation, he was undergone surgery under general anesthesia with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). About 9cm x 7cm myxoma was removed and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was found by regurge test. De Vega annuloplasty of the tricuspid annulus was done. Recovery of the patient was satisfactory with disappearance of all symptoms. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i1.4245 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 52-55
Epidemiology, Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients of Snake Bite in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Hoque AKM Aminul , Tarafder Binoy Krishna , Patwary Md Kamal Hossain , Khan Raihan Rotap , Kabir Shah Mohd Eftar Jahan
Published: January 2010

Snake bite is a serious global health problem. Incidence is high in Bangladesh and mortality is identified to be one of the highest in the world. Most bites are occurred by nonpoisonous snakes and as many as 40% bites inflicted by venomous snakes do not produce features of envenoming. They need supportive treatment only. Poisonous bites are treated with antivenin. But most people apply tight tourniquet and take useless and harmful treatment from traditional healers before getting admitted in hospital. Delay in diagnosis and treatment causes fatality in many cases. 46 patients admitted in department of Medicine, MMCH from April,07 to March,08 with snake bites were studied. Among them 35% were poisonous and 65% were nonpoisonous bites. Male and female ratio was 3.6:1. Mean age (years) was 34.9 ± 16.2 SD. Mean time of interval between bite and hospitalization (hours) was 7.8 ± 9.5 SD. 94% bites occurred in land and 7% in water. 100% patients applied multiple tourniquets in the affected limb. 24% patients received treatment from traditional healers with development of cellulitis in 64% of them. None received proper first aid management. Most incidences were in July - August. Snakes could not be identified in 50% poisonous and 77% non-poisonous cases. Among the identified poisonous snakes, kraits were 84%. Clinical features were also suggestive of krait bite in 88% poisonous cases. Among poisonous cases, 94% presented with neurological manifestation and ptosis was present in all of them. 75% poisonous snake-bite patients received antivenin and none of them developed anaphylaxis. Among 4 poisonous snake bite patients who did not receive antivenin, 2 survived. Mortality in poisonous cases was 44%. All of the non-poisonous cases improved with supportive treatment. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4249 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 70-75
Fine-Tuning of Adipogenesis is a Potential Mechanism for Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Human Adipose Tissue with Rosiglitazone Therapy
Authors: Ahmed Meftun , Karpe Fredrik
Published: January 2010

Back ground: Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and many of these actions are regulated by insulin. Objective: The present study aims to detect potential novel protein targets for insulin sensitization in human adipose tissue by using an unbiased proteomic approaches. Method: Ten moderately obese, but otherwise healthy, subjects were treated with rosiglitazone 4 mg BD for 14 days. Protein profiles were obtained by two-dimensional gel (2-DG) electrophoresis and protein spots were identified using tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed statistically by using student's paired t test. Results: Proteomic analysis revealed distinct up or down regulation (≥ 2-fold) in 122 protein spots on the 2-D gel images between day 0 and day 14 adipose tissue samples. Treatment with rosiglitazone increased the expression of extracellular matrix proteins including collagens, galectin-1, nidogen-1 and laminin. Analysis revealed differential expression of several other proteins involved in redox regulation (ferritin light chain, heat-shock protein β-5, heatshock protein β-1), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (endoplasmin, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor), cytoskeletal reorganization (lamin A/C, vimentin, tropomyosin-3, tropomyosin-4, gelsolin, actin tubulin β-1 chain), signaling (calmodulin), and others (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, α enolase). Conclusion: Such orchestrated changes in expression of multiple proteins provide insights into the mechanism undarlying the increased efficiency in adipocyte remodeling and differentiation and hence improvement of insulin sensitivity in response to rosiglitazone treatment. Key words: Rosiglitazone, adipose tissue, proteomics, collagen, adipogenesis, insulin, electrophoresis, spectrometry. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4170 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 34-43
The Study of Species in the Era of Biodiversity: A Tale of Stupidity
Authors: Boero Ferdinando
Published: January 2010

Research policies ensuing from the Convention on Biological Diversity made huge funds available to study biodiversity. These were mostly dedicated to projects aimed at providing services to taxonomy via information and technology, or to develop “modern”, i.e., molecular, approaches to taxonomy. Traditional taxonomy was overly neglected and is in serious distress all over the world. It is argued that both novel and traditional ways to study biodiversity are essential and that the demise of traditional taxonomy (based on phenotypes) in the era of biodiversity is the result of an unwise policy, mainly fostered by portions of the scientific community that aim at taking total advantage of the funds dedicated to the study of biodiversity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Dyes Containing Various Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Wu Tzi-Yi , Tsao Ming-Hsiu , Chen Fu-Lin , Su Shyh-Gang , Chang Cheng-Wen , Wang Hong-Paul , Lin Yuan-Chung , Ou-Yang Wen-Chung , Sun I-Wen
Published: January 2010

New organic dyes comprising carbazole, iminodibenzyl, or phenothiazine moieties, respectively, as the electron donors, and cyanoacetic acid or acrylic acid moieties as the electron acceptors/anchoring groups were synthesized and characterized. The influence of heteroatoms on carbazole, iminodibenzyl and phenothiazine donors, and cyano-substitution on the acid acceptor is evidenced by spectral, electrochemical, photovoltaic experiments, and density functional theory calculations. The phenothiazine dyes show solar-energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 3.46–5.53%, whereas carbazole andiminodibenzyl dyesshow η of 2.43% and 3.49%, respectively.
Current Strategies in Cardiovascular Biomaterial Functionalization
Authors: Schopka Simon , Schmid Thomas , Schmid Christof , Lehle Karla
Published: January 2010

Prevention of the coagulation cascade and platelet activation is the foremost demand for biomaterials in contact with blood. In this review we describe the underlying mechanisms of these processes and offer the current state of antithrombotic strategies. We give an overview of methods to prevent protein and platelet adhesion, as well as techniques to immobilize biochemically active molecules on biomaterial surfaces. Finally, recent strategies in biofunctionalization by endothelial cell seeding as well as their possible clinical applications are discussed.
Inorganic Hybrid Materials with Encapsulated Polyoxometalates
Authors: Dufaud Véronique , Lefebvre Frédéric
Published: January 2010

This review describes the synthesis and characterization of inorganic materials containing polyoxometalates encapsulated in oxide matrices. Examples illustrating key aspects in terms of synthesis and applications are presented according to the nature of the final hybrid material: those based on non-structured silicas, on mesostructured silicas, on macrostructured silicas and on other oxides. In each part, key points of the synthetic protocols are highlighted and structural features and properties of the resultant hybrid nanocomposites are discussed.
ESI FTICR-MS Analysis of Larvae from the Marine Sponge Luffariella variabilis
Authors: Motti Cherie A. , Ettinger-Epstein Piers , Willis Richard H. , Tapiolas Dianne M.
Published: January 2010

The viviparous Great Barrier Reef sponge Luffariella variabilis (Poléjaeff 1884) contains a range of secondary metabolites, including manoalide (1) and manoalide monoacetate (3). ESI (+) FTICR-MS accurate mass determination has, for the first time, been used to detected the presence of 3 only in an organic extract of a single L. variabilis larva showing that the parentally produced 3 is sequestered in the larva. As 3 has previously been shown to have antibacterial and quorum sensing inhibition activity, and readily converts to 1, which also exhibits similar activity, it may provide a chemical defence against predation and microbial attack.
Synthesis of Some New Mono- and Bis-Polycyclic Aromatic Spiro and Bis-Nonspiro-β-Lactams
Authors: Jarrahpour Aliasghar , Ebrahimi Edris
Published: January 2010

Some new mono-and bis-polycyclic aromatic spiro-β-lactams and bis-non spiro-polycyclic aromatic β-lactams have been synthesized from imines derived from anthracene-9-carbaldehyde, 2-naphtaldehyde and a ketene derived from 9H-xanthene-9-carboxylic acid and phenoxyacetic acid by a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The cycloadducts were characterized by spectral data, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analyses. The configurations of some of these mono-spiro-β-lactams were established by X-ray crystal analysis.
Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of Chiral N-(4-X-phenyl)-N-[1(S)-1-phenylethyl]thiourea, X= Cl, Br, and NO2
Authors: Kaminsky Werner , Responte Donald , Daranciang Dan , Gallegos Jose B. , Ngoc Tran Bao-Chau , Pham Tram-Anh
Published: January 2010

Three new enantiopure aryl-thioureas have been synthesized, N-(4-X-phenyl)-N-[1(S)-1-phenylethyl]thiourea, X= Cl, Br, and NO2 (compounds 1-3, respectively). Large single crystals of up to 0.5 cm3 were grown from methanol/ethanol solutions. Molecular structures were derived from X-ray diffraction studies and the crystal morphology was compared to calculations employing the Bravais-Friedel, Donnay-Harker model. Molecular packing was further studied with Hirshfeld surface calculations. Semi-empirical classical model calculations of refractive indices, optical rotation and the electro-optic effect were performed with OPTACT on the basis of experimentally determined refractive indices. Compound 3 (space group P 1 (No. 1)) was estimated to possess a large electro-optic coefficient r333 of approximately 30 pm/V, whereas 1 and 2 (space Group P 21 (No. 4) exhibit much smaller effects.
Vision-Based Traffic Data Collection Sensor for Automotive Applications
Authors: Llorca David F. , Sánchez Sergio , Ocaña Manuel , Sotelo Miguel. A.
Published: January 2010

This paper presents a complete vision sensor onboard a moving vehicle which collects the traffic data in its local area in daytime conditions. The sensor comprises a rear looking and a forward looking camera. Thus, a representative description of the traffic conditions in the local area of the host vehicle can be computed. The proposed sensor detects the number of vehicles (traffic load), their relative positions and their relative velocities in a four-stage process: lane detection, candidates selection, vehicles classification and tracking. Absolute velocities (average road speed) and global positioning are obtained after combining the outputs provided by the vision sensor with the data supplied by the CAN Bus and a GPS sensor. The presented experiments are promising in terms of detection performance and accuracy in order to be validated for applications in the context of the automotive industry.
Improving the Response of Accelerometers for Automotive Applications by Using LMS Adaptive Filters: Part II
Authors: Hernandez Wilmar , De Vicente Jesús , Sergiyenko Oleg Y. , Fernández Eduardo
Published: January 2010

In this paper, the fast least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm was used to both eliminate noise corrupting the important information coming from a piezoresisitive accelerometer for automotive applications, and improve the convergence rate of the filtering process based on the conventional LMS algorithm. The response of the accelerometer under test was corrupted by process and measurement noise, and the signal processing stage was carried out by using both conventional filtering, which was already shown in a previous paper, and optimal adaptive filtering. The adaptive filtering process relied on the LMS adaptive filtering family, which has shown to have very good convergence and robustness properties, and here a comparative analysis between the results of the application of the conventional LMS algorithm and the fast LMS algorithm to solve a real-life filtering problem was carried out. In short, in this paper the piezoresistive accelerometer was tested for a multi-frequency acceleration excitation. Due to the kind of test conducted in this paper, the use of conventional filtering was discarded and the choice of one adaptive filter over the other was based on the signal-to-noise ratio improvement and the convergence rate.
Nanomaterials as Analytical Tools for Genosensors
Authors: Abu-Salah Khalid , Alrokyan Salman A. , Khan Muhammad Naziruddin , Ansari Anees Ahmad
Published: January 2010

Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.
Bothrops lanceolatus Bites: Guidelines for Severity Assessment and Emergent Management
Authors: Resiere Dabor , Mégarbane Bruno , Valentino Ruddy , Mehdaoui Hossein , Thomas Laurent
Published: January 2010

Approximately 20–30 declared snakebite cases occurin Martinique each year. Bothrops lanceolatus, a member of the Crotalidae family, is considered to be the only involved snake. B. lanceolatus, commonly named “Fer-de-Lance”, is endemic and only found on this Caribbean island. Envenomation local features include the presence of fang marks, swelling, pain, bleeding from punctures, and ecchymosis. Severe envenomation is associated with multiple systemic thromboses appearing within 48 h of the bite and resulting in cerebral, myocardial or pulmonary infarctions. Diagnosis requires first of all identification of the snake. Coagulation tests are helpful to identify thrombocytopenia or disseminated intravascular coagulation. A clinical score based on 4 grades is helpful to assess envonimation severity. A specific monovalent equine anti-venom (Bothrofav®, Sanofi-Pasteur, France) to neutralize B. lanceolatus venom is available. Its early administration within 6h from the biting in case of progressive local injures, general signs or coagulation disturbances is effective to prevent severe thrombosis and coagulopathy. Its tolerance is considered to be good. Despite an increasing incidence of bites, no deaths have been recently attributed to B. lanceolatus in Martinique, probably due to the currently recommended strategy of early antivenom administration when required.