bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirin Challenge in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps Correlates with Local and Systemic Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Forer Boaz , Landsberg Roee , Kivity Shmuel
Published: November 2013

Background

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; aspirin) is a well-known inducer of pseudoallergic response in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwPs). The mechanism that leads to this response remains unclear. This study was designed to measure and compare the local and systemic inflammatory response to aspirin challenge in patients with CRSwPs who develop either a nasobronchial response (NBR) or a nasal response (NR), and compare it with nonresponders (non-Rs).

Methods

The three groups underwent nasal wash before ASA challenge, and inflammatory mediators were measured in the nasal wash as well as in serum.

Results

A total of 25 CRSwP patients were enrolled. The NBR patients (n = 13) had a significantly longer mean disease duration and a higher mean serum leukotriene E4 (LTE4) level than the NR (n = 6) and non-R (n = 6) patients (39.2 ± 9.7 months, 21 ± 8.8 months, and 22.8 ± 11.2 months, respectively, and 4221 ± 1205 pg/mL, 1430 ± 605 pg/mL, and 857 ± 461 pg/mL, respectively). The NBR and NR patients had a larger mean number of nasal eosinophils than the non-R group (52.8 ± 28.8 cells/μL, 47 ± 21.3 cells/μL, and 19.3 ± 13.4 cells/μL, respectively). The tryptase, albumin, nasal LTE4, and prostaglandin E2 levels were not significantly different between the three groups in any examined combination.

Conclusion

The nasal eosinophil and serum LTE4 levels correlate with aspirin sensitivity.
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis in the Australian Population: Burden of Disease and Attitudes to Intranasal Corticosteroid Treatment
Authors: Katelaris Constance H. , Sacks Raymond , Theron Paul N.
Published: November 2013

Background

Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR/C) is a global health problem causing significant morbidity and has a major impact on quality of life (QOL) and health expenditure. Despite the widespread prevalence, the overall health impact of AR/C may be underappreciated. The results of a survey designed to capture the burden of allergic rhinitis within the Asia-Pacific region have been published recently. Of particular note when evaluating treatment in this region was the fact that despite the value of intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) use, only a small percentage of patients used them. Whether this same trend is present within the population of Australian sufferers is unknown. This study examines the burden of AR/C and explores use of, and attitudes, to INCS sprays in the Australian population.

Methods

Three hundred three completed interviews from adults and children who had physician-diagnosed AR/C and who were symptomatic or had received treatment in the previous 12 months were analyzed for QOL measures and attitudes to INCS use.

Results

Most patients surveyed had received their diagnosis from a general practitioner (GP), and in most cases, a GP provided the majority of ongoing medical care. Only 8% of respondents had consulted a relevant specialist. Diagnostic tests had not been performed in 55% of respondents. The major symptoms causing most distress were nasal congestion and ocular symptoms. The burden of AR/C was considerable; 42% described significant work or school interference because of symptoms, one-third reporting moderate-to-extreme interference with sleep. Despite the significant impact on QOL reported by this sample, 17% had never used INCS and 27% had not used them in the previous 12 months. Respondents’ knowledge about INCSs was poor.

Conclusion

AR/C is a common disease associated with significant morbidity and impairment of QOL. Improvement in diagnosis, management, and patient education is needed.
Medications Prescribed at Ambulatory Visits for Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Kepnes Lynn J.
Published: November 2013

Background

Nasal polyps occur in a significant fraction of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. However, patterns of medical management in nasal polyp cases are unknown. We sought to determine actual national estimates and contemporary prescribing patterns for ambulatory care visits with a diagnosis of nasal polyposis (NP).

Methods

The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2004–2010 were accessed, extracting all adult office visits with a diagnosis of NP. Demographic, provider type, and medication classes prescribed were determined. National estimates for the number of ambulatory medical care visits along with medications prescribed by provider type (otolaryngologist versus nonotolaryngologist) were determined.

Results

There were an estimated 442,024 ± 49,609 adult office visits annually with an NP diagnosis (54.8% men; mean age, 52.3 years); 64.6% of these visits were with otolaryngologists. Medication prescribing rates with a diagnosis of NP were nasal steroids (43.7%), oral steroids (26.9%), antibiotics (26.0%), and oral antihistamines (18.5%). Medication use rates for nasal steroids, oral steroids, oral antihistamines, and antibiotics were 36.3, 25.9, 15.3, and 22.2% for otolaryngology visits, respectively. Analogous medication use rates were 57.1, 28.8, 24.2, and 32.9% of nonotolaryngology visits, respectively. These differences by provider were not statistically significant (all, p ≥ 0.113).

Conclusion

Although nasal steroids are efficacious in NP, they are likely underprescribed. Oral steroids are also commonly prescribed for NP and should be considered a standard option in the treatment of NP.
Nanofiltered C1 Esterase Inhibitor for Treatment of Laryngeal Attacks in Patients with Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Riedl Marc A. , Lumry William R. , Li H. Henry , Craig Timothy J. , Fitts David , Kalfus Ira , Uknis Marc E.
Published: November 2013

Background

Laryngeal edema is a life-threatening manifestation of hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by quantitative or functional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) deficiency. The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis against angioedema attacks in the United States and for treatment, preprocedure prevention, and routine prevention of HAE in Europe. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of C1 INH-nf when used for the treatment of laryngeal attacks.

Methods

A post hoc analysis of an open-label treatment study evaluated the effectiveness of C1 INH-nf in the treatment of laryngeal attacks in patients with HAE. Outcomes included unequivocal or clinical relief rates and time from treatment to onset of relief. Data were compiled from this and three other studies for post hoc dosing and tolerability analyses. In all studies, C1 INH-nf at 1000 U was administered i.v., with a second 1000-U dose given after 60 minutes if indicated.

Results

In the open-label treatment study, 60 (50/84) and 77% (65/84) of attacks achieved unequivocal relief within 1 and 4 hours, respectively, after treatment. Time to unequivocal relief was shorter with prompt treatment. When C1 INH-nf was administered within 4 hours of symptom onset, clinical relief was achieved in 94% (45/48) of attacks within 4 hours after treatment. Of 265 attacks from the four studies, 62% received two 1000-U doses of C1 INH-nf. No serious adverse events occurring within 7 days after treatment were attributed to study drug, and only one patient required intubation after receiving C1 INH-nf (14.5 hours after symptom onset).

Conclusion

This analysis supports that C1 INH-nf is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for laryngeal angioedema attacks.
The Interaction between Bacteria and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Kim Raymond J. T. , Yin Tary , Chen Chun-Jen J. , Mansell Claudia Jabs , Wood Andrew , Dunbar P. Rod , Douglas Richard G.
Published: November 2013

Background

We have detected intramucosal bacteria within the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but our attempts at characterizing these did not yield any discernible genotypic or phenotypic differences from surface bacteria. We hypothesized that the presence of intramucosal microcolonies reflected host mucosal immune dysfunction. This study characterizes the activation status of T cells, B cells, and macrophages in the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS and controls and determines the impact of bacteria on mucosal immunology.

Methods

Swabs and mucosal biopsy specimens were taken from 27 patients with CRS undergoing sinus surgery and 9 patients with normal sinuses having transnasal pituitary surgery. Microcolonies were detected using Gram staining, and the immune cells were characterized by immunohistochemical techniques.

Results

Swab culture rates for Staphylococcus aureus were similar between CRS and controls. However, there were significantly more intramucosal microcolonies in CRS (59% versus 11%) than in controls (p = 0.02). There were significantly more immune cells in CRS. Percentage of activated T and B cells were similar between CRS and controls, but there were significantly more CD163+ M2 macrophages in patients with CRS (p = 0.0004). Furthermore, percentage of CD163+ macrophages showed a positive correlation with disease severity. The presence of bacteria had no impact on immunology or disease severity.

Conclusion

Tolerance of intramucosal microcolonies in CRS may reflect altered macrophage function in the host mucosa. The clinical severity of CRS is also dependent on the host mucosa immune dysfunction, rather than the presence of intramucosal microcolonies.
Increased Body Mass Index and Bronchial Impairment in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Ricciardolo Fabio Luigi Massimo , Signori Alessio , Schiavetti Irene , Monardo Margherita , Ferraro Maria Rosaria , Cirillo Ignazio
Published: November 2013

Background

Several studies have outlined a possible relationship between an increased body mass index (BMI) and respiratory allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship among BMI, spirometry, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), and fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in a cohort of AR patients.

Methods

The study included 155 patients with persistent AR alone and 155 healthy controls. All subjects were evaluated performing skin-prick test, spirometry, bronchoprovocation test with methacholine, and FeNO measurement.

Results

BMI values were significantly higher in AR patients than in control subjects (p = 0.038). Overweight/obese AR patients had more altered functional and inflammatory parameters than normal weight patients. BMI > 25 is a risk factor for (i) early bronchial airflow limitation (odds ratio [OR], 3.81), (ii) high FeNO values (OR, 1.96), and BHR (OR, 3.29).

Conclusions

The present study may suggest that BMI assessment should be routinely considered in AR patients for assessing risk for early bronchial impairment, such as suggesting possible evolution to asthma.
Epidemiology and Differential Diagnosis of Nasal Polyps
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Walsh Erika M. , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: November 2013

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic medical conditions, with a significant impact on patient quality of life. CRS is broadly classified into two groups: CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without NP (CRSsNP). Clinically, the major subtypes of CRSwNP may be divided into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (e.g., allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease [AERD]) and nasal polyps associated with neutrophilic inflammation (e.g., cystic fibrosis [CF]). CF is characterized by mutation of the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is usually required for most NP patients with increased frequency in patients with AERD. This study provides a review of the epidemiology and major classification of CRSwNP.

Methods

A review was performed of the literature regarding different subtypes of CRSwNP.

Results

Many definitions of CRSwNP exist and estimates of prevalence vary.

Conclusion

CRSwNP is a clinical syndrome with a heterogeneous inflammatory profile. Of the subtypes associated with eosinophilic inflammation, AERD remains the most recalcitrant to medical and surgical therapeutic interventions.
Evidence-based Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: November 2013

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is the most challenging form of CRS to treat. Clinical practices vary widely among physicians around the world, often with little evidence to support current therapies.

Methods

This study evaluates various medical and surgical treatments with a focus on the highest levels of evidence. Recommendations for various therapies are provided based on consensus panels and evidence-based reviews.

Results

Therapies with the strongest evidence and recommendations for CRSwNPs include oral steroids and topical nasal steroid sprays. There is also reasonable evidence for surgery, to include perioperative oral steroids and postoperative oral antibiotics for at least 2 weeks. There is little evidence to support other therapies, including commonly used modalities such as oral antibiotics, antihistamines, and immunotherapy.

Conclusion

CRSwNPs is a heterogenous disorder that currently has very few therapies supported by strong evidence. It is likely that in the near future, a more refined understanding of CRSwNPs will permit clinicians to tailor therapies using high-level evidence with improved outcomes.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Practice
Authors: Hollands Fiona , Bowden A. Brooks , Belfield Clive , Levin Henry M. , Cheng Henan , Shand Robert , Pan Yilin , Hanisch-Cerda Barbara
Published: November 2013

In this article, we perform cost-effectiveness analysis on interventions that improve the rate of high school completion. Using the What Works Clearinghouse to select effective interventions, we calculate cost-effectiveness ratios for five youth interventions. We document wide variation in cost-effectiveness ratios between programs and between sites within multisite programs, reflecting differences in resource use, program implementation, and target population characteristics. We offer suggestions as to how cost-effectiveness data can be used to inform policymaking, with the goal of improving the efficiency with which public and private resources are employed in education.
Leptin Metabolically Licenses T Cells for Activation To Link Nutrition and Immunity
Authors: Saucillo Donte C. , Gerriets Valerie A. , Sheng John , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , MacIver Nancie J.
Published: November 2013

Immune responses are highly energy-dependent processes. Activated T cells increase glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis to survive and function. Malnutrition and starvation limit nutrients and are associated with immune deficiency and increased susceptibility to infection. Although it is clear that immunity is suppressed in times of nutrient stress, mechanisms that link systemic nutrition to T cell function are poorly understood. We show in this study that fasting leads to persistent defects in T cell activation and metabolism, as T cells from fasted animals had low glucose uptake and decreased ability to produce inflammatory cytokines, even when stimulated in nutrient-rich media. To explore the mechanism of this long-lasting T cell metabolic defect, we examined leptin, an adipokine reduced in fasting that regulates systemic metabolism and promotes effector T cell function. We show that leptin is essential for activated T cells to upregulate glucose uptake and metabolism. This effect was cell intrinsic and specific to activated effector T cells, as naive T cells and regulatory T cells did not require leptin for metabolic regulation. Importantly, either leptin addition to cultured T cells from fasted animals or leptin injections to fasting animals was sufficient to rescue both T cell metabolic and functional defects. Leptin-mediated metabolic regulation was critical, as transgenic expression of the glucose transporter Glut1 rescued cytokine production of T cells from fasted mice. Together, these data demonstrate that induction of T cell metabolism upon activation is dependent on systemic nutritional status, and leptin links adipocytes to metabolically license activated T cells in states of nutritional sufficiency.
Inflammation and TCR Signal Strength Determine the Breadth of the T Cell Response in a Bim-Dependent Manner
Authors: Zehn Dietmar , Roepke Sarah , Weakly Kristin , Bevan Michael J. , Prlic Martin
Published: November 2013

Generating a diverse T cell memory population through vaccination is a promising strategy to overcome pathogen epitope variability and tolerance to tumor Ags. The effector and memory pool becomes broad in TCR diversity by recruiting high- and low-affinity T cells. We wanted to determine which factors dictate whether a memory T cell pool has a broad versus focused repertoire. We find that inflammation increases the magnitude of low- and high-affinity T cell responses equally well, arguing against a synergistic effect of TCR and inflammatory signals on T cell expansion. We dissect the differential effects of TCR signal strength and inflammation and demonstrate that they control effector T cell survival in a bim-dependent manner. Importantly, bim-dependent cell death is overcome with a high Ag dose in the context of an inflammatory environment. Our data define the framework for the generation of a broad T cell memory pool to inform future vaccine design.
Supporting Workers with Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Survey of United Kingdom Occupational Therapists' Communications with Clients and Their Employers
Authors: Coole Carol , Drummond Avril , Watson Paul J , Worthington Esme , Hammond Alison
Published: November 2013

Introduction:

Musculoskeletal conditions are a common cause of sickness absence and work disability. Little is known about the work-related advice and support that occupational therapists provide to this client group and their employers. The purpose of this study was to report on current occupational therapy practice in this area in the United Kingdom.

Method:

A questionnaire survey was conducted, of United Kingdom occupational therapists treating employed clients with musculoskeletal conditions in community or outpatient settings. Questionnaires were posted to 960 hospitals or units, identified through National Health Service websites to reach as many respondents as possible, and the survey was also available online.

Findings:

257 respondents reported on their provision of work-related advice and support. Of these, over 30% (n = 82) reported that this involved a moderate amount of their time; 60% (n = 154) had experience of contacting employers and 21% (n = 55) had met with clients' employers in the previous year. Time and resources, concern about legal implications, and having the appropriate skills had an impact on communication between therapists and employers.

Conclusion:

The findings demonstrate considerable variations in service delivery, interventions, and the contact made with employers. These need urgent attention if the profession is to meet the challenges of the government's agenda for improving health at work.
The Role of Occupational Therapists in Supporting Psychological Wellbeing after Stroke Using a Solution-Focused Psychological Approach to Mood Assessment
Authors: Simm Rebecca
Published: November 2013

This practice analysis describes a solution-focused approach to mood assessment and care with stroke survivors. A brief introduction to a solution-focused approach is detailed, together with the rationale for its use in stroke rehabilitation settings. The mood assessment procedure is described, with reflections from occupational therapists using the approach. Implications for how this can enhance patient-centred care in line with current United Kingdom Department of Health principles are outlined.
Sound Waves for Unsound Entities: An Electronic Search Study to Evaluate the Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasonography in Cysts and Tumors of Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Raviraj GA , Darshan DD , Katti Girish , Manikantan NS , Kumar AD Manoj , Balakrishnan Dhanya
Published: November 2013

Objective

The purpose of this electronic search study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in cysts and tumors of maxillofacial region.

Materials and methods

An electronic search was performed for articles published from January 1989 to august 2009.

Results

Only 30 publications were searched and 22 publications showed high level of evidence (4 review articles, 12 clinical studies, 2 case reports, 1 quantitative analysis, 2 research articles and 1 preliminary report) with total of more than 2000 patients.

Conclusion

Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, low cost procedure, and recommended as a complimentary imaging modality.

How to cite this article

Darshan DD, Katti G, Raviraj GA, Manikantan NS, Kumar ADM, Balakrishnan D. Sound Waves for Unsound Entities: An Electronic Search Study to Evaluate the Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasonography in Cysts and Tumors of Maxillofacial Region. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14(4):586-589.
Utilization of Dental Pulp DNA as Diagnostic Molecular Marker for Fertility Detection in Men
Authors: Eid Hossam A , Taha Tarek H , Alahmari Manea M , Alqarni Abdullah Awn S , Alshehri Abdulkarim Ali H
Published: November 2013

Recent advances in DNA technology have revolutionized forensic identification procedures. Teeth dentin and pulp are rich sources of DNA material, which can be successfully extracted and it provides us with valuable information on individuals, systemic health including fertility status.

Aim of study

The aim of this study was to use DNA material extracted from human teeth pulp for detection of fertility status of men.

Materials and methods

Twenty extracted premolar teeth of systemic disease free male Saudi individuals (45 years average age) were collected; eight of them were infertile while others were fertile and were used as control group. This information was concealed until the PCR analysis was performed. The results of recorded patient information was matched with the results of the DNA analysis.

Results

Results showed that the gene (sY83) an important gene of AZFa region in Y chromosome is important for male fertility. It was later evident that the infertile patients suffered from azoospermia, and that information is completely matched with our results.

Conclusion

Using DNA extracted from dental pulp can be used successfully in determining fertility status of human which may help in an accurate personal identification specially in extreme circumstances.

How to cite this article

Eid HA, Taha TH, Alahmari MM, Alqarni AAS, Alshehri AAH. Utilization of Dental Pulp DNA as Diagnostic Molecular Marker for Fertility Detection in Men. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):590-594.
Evaluation of Propofol as a General Anesthetic Agent for Minor Oral Surgical Procedure
Authors: Kalra Amit , Medsinge Sonali V , Jaggi Nitin , Baghla Gunpreet Kaur , Purohit Nikhil
Published: November 2013

Nausea and vomiting following anesthesia is a distressing problem for the patient as it increases the recovery time, intensity of nursing care and delays discharge. The aim of randomized controlled single blind study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subhypnotic doses of propofol for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in day care management of cases in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Twenty-five patient of ASA-1 with age ranging from 12 to 40 years were scheduled for various maxillofacial surgical cases like fracture, cyst enucleation, surgical removal of 3rd molar, etc. were given propofol at the dose of 2 to 2.5 mg/kg as induction dose and sedation was maintained with the dose 5 to 10 mg/min. There was no significant effect on heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation intraoperatively. In conclusion, a subhypnotic dose of propofol is fast acting, safe and easily controllable, short acting general anesthetic agent with rapid recovery. The study found that the PONV was significantly reduced in the patient with propofol, no hemodynamic derangements were noted in the postoperative period.

How to cite this article

Jaggi N, Kalra A, Baghla GK, Medsinge SV, Purohit N. Evaluation of Propofol as a General Anesthetic Agent for Minor Oral Surgical Procedure. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):605-609
Evaluation of the Relationship between Bruxism and Premature Occlusal Contacts
Authors: Safari Anahita , Jowkar Zahra , Farzin Mitra
Published: November 2013

Aim

This study evaluates the relationship between occlusal interferences and premature contacts and bruxism by determining the relationship between unassisted and assisted nonworking interferences.

Materials and methods

In this study, 60 subjects (14 males and 46 females) that consisted of 30 bruxers (7 males, 23 females) and 30 nonbruxers (7 males, 23 females) were selected after completion of a questionnaire based on the exclusion criteria. Occlusal interferences in the centric relation and eccentric movements in the two groups were evaluated and recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) using the Chi-square and paired t-tests.

Results

The results showed a statistically significant relationship between bruxism and nonworking interferences (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship in the centric relation and other eccentric movements (p > 0.05). The number of assisted nonworking occlusal contacts was more than unassisted nonworking occlusal contacts.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study, there is a relationship between certain types of occlusal interferences (nonworking interferences) and bruxism. Hence, it would be useful to examine occlusal contacts in bruxing patients to eliminate probable causative or contributing occlusal factors. Both assisted and unassisted nonworking occlusal contacts should be evaluated.

Clinical implication

Bruxism is an oral habit that consists of involuntary rhythmic or spasmodic nonfunctional gnashing, grinding or teeth clenching, other than chewing movements by the mandible. Bruxism may lead to occlusal trauma, tooth wear, fracture of the teeth and fillings, and hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles. Treatment of bruxism needs a correct diagnosis. Therefore, it is useful to determine the relationship between occlusal interferences and bruxism in order to prevent its development by adjusting for these interferences.

How to cite this article

Safari A, Jowkar Z, Farzin M. Evaluation of the Relationship between Bruxism and Premature Occlusal Contacts. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):616-621.
Gingival Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations with Fiber Inserts
Authors: Ahmed Walaa , El-Badrawy Wafa , Kulkarni Gajanan , Prakki Anuradha , El-Mowafy Omar
Published: November 2013

Aim

This study investigated the effect of different fiber inserts (glass and polyethylene), bonding agents, and resin composites on the gingival margin microleakage of class V composite restorations.

Materials and methods

Sixty premolars were sterilized and mounted in acrylic resin bases. Class V cavities were prepared buccally and lingually, 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction, comprising 12 groups (n = 10). In the experimental groups fiber inserts were cut and placed at the gingival seat, while the control groups had no inserts. Combinations of two composite materials, Filtek-Z250 and Filtek-LS (3M-ESPE), and four bonding agents, Clearfil SE bond (Kuraray) (C), Scotch Bond Multipurpose (3M-ESPE) (SB), Prime and Bond NT (Dentsply) (PB), and Filtek-LS (3M-ESPE) (LS) were used. Restorations were incrementally inserted and polymerized for 40s. Specimens were then stored in distilled water for 7 days and thermocycled for 500 cycles. Teeth surfaces were sealed with nail polish except for 1 mm around restoration margins and immersed in 2% red procion dye. Teeth were then sectioned buccolingually and dye penetration was assessed with five-point scale. Data were statistically-analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 5%).

Results

Mean microleakage scores varied from 0.40 (Groups C, C with polyethylene, LS, LS with polyethylene) to 1.50 (SB).

Conclusion

Different bonding agents led to differences in microleakage scores where C and LS showed significantly lower microleakage than PB. SB had highest mean microleakage score, however, incorporation of fibers resulted in significant reduction in microleakage.

Clinical significance

Class V resin composite restorations bonded with a total-etch adhesive had a significant reduction in mean microleakage scores when glass or polyethylene fibers were placed at the gingival cavo-surface margin. In contrast, for two self-etch adhesive systems, the incorporation of fibers had no significant effect on mean microleakage scores.

How to cite this article

Ahmed W, El-Badrawy W, Kulkarni G, Prakki A, El-Mowafy O. Gingival Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations with Fiber Inserts. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):622-628.
Cleaning Efficiency of Anatomic Endodontic Technology, ProFile System and Manual Instrumentation in Ovalshaped Root Canals: An in vitro Study
Authors: Reddy E Sujayeendranath , Sainath Dinapadu , Narenderreddy M , Pasari Srikanth , Vallikanthan Sangeetha , Sindhurareddy G
Published: November 2013

Aim

This in vitro study is an attempt to compare the effectiveness in cleaning oval shaped root canals usingAnatomic Endodontic Technology (AET®), ProFile system® and Manual Instrumentation with K-files

Methodology

Sixty oval shaped single rooted maxillary and mandibular premolars with straight canals were divided in to three groups. The root canals were, confirmed as being oval shape by means of radiographs made in a buccolingual and mesiodistal direction. Automated canal preparation was performed using Anatomic Endodontic Technology (group 1) and the ProFile system® (group 2). Manual instrumentation (group 3) was performed with k-files. Irrigation was performed using alternatively 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, followed by rinsing with normal saline. The roots were split longitudinally into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope. The presence of debris and smear layer was recorded at distances 1, 5 and 10 mm from the working length using a three step scoring scale. Mean scores for debris and smear layer was calculated and statistically analyzed for between and within groups significance, using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA test and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test.

Results

At 1, 5 and 10 mm levels the root canals prepared with AET had significantly less surface debris and smear layer on the canal walls as compared to canals prepared with ProFile system® or manual instrumentation. For all three groups significantly lower mean smear layer scores (p < 0.05) were recorded at 5 and 10 mm levels compared with the 1 mm level. Significantly lower mean debris scores (p < 0.05) were also recorded at 5 and 10 mm levels for the AET group whereas no significant differences were found between the three levels for the ProFile system® and manual instrumentation groups.

Conclusion

Although better instrumentation scores were obtained in canals prepared with AET, complete cleanliness was not achieved with any of the techniques and instruments investigated.

How to cite this article

Reddy ES, Sainath D, Narenderreddy M, Pasari S, Vallikanthan S, Sindhurareddy G. Cleaning Efficiency of Anatomic Endodontic Technology, ProFile System and Manual Instrumentation in Oval-shaped Root Canals: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):629-634.
An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination
Authors: Shah Nitin , Singh Sarita , Mandlik Jyoti , Pawar Kalpana , Gupta Paras , Shaik Shoaib Ali
Published: November 2013

Objective

The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction.

Materials and methods

Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber and canals were irrigated and pulp was extirpated. The working length was then evaluated for each canal by digital tactile sensation, an electronic apex locator (The Root ZX) and digital radiography. The readings were then compared with post-extraction working length measurements.

Results

The percentage accuracy indicated that EAL method (Root ZX) shows maximum accuracy, i.e. 99.85% and digital tactile and digital radiographic method (DDR) showed 98.20 and 97.90% accuracy respectively.

Clinical significance

Hence, it can be concluded that the EAL method (Root ZX) produced most reliable results for determining the accurate working length.

How to cite this article

Mandlik J, Shah N, Pawar K, Gupta P, Singh S, Shaik SA. An in vivo Evaluation of Different Methods of Working Length Determination. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):644-648.
A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study to evaluate the Efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the Canal Debris during Root Canal Preparation: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nischith KG , Chandra Vinay , Gandi Padma , Shivanna Anil Kumar , Srinivas Siva , Himgiri S
Published: November 2013

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the canal debris during root canal preparation using scanning electron microscopic study

Materials and methods

Thirty single rooted teeth with completely formed apices were used in this study. Standard endodontic access cavity preparations were performed. Then the teeth were randomly divided into two groups: groups 1 and 2 of 15 teeth each group. For group 1, NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) was used to irrigate the canal with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite after each instrument use. For group 2, NaviTip (brushless needle) was used for irrigation following each instrument use. ProTaper rotary files were used for the canal preparation. The teeth were then cleaned and dried before splitting them into two halves. The half with most visible part of the apex was used for scanning electron microscopic evaluation. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at significance level p < 0.005.

Results

The mean values for coronal and middle third of group 1 showed lower debris scores than group 2 and this difference was statistically significant at a p-value 0.01 and 0.05 respectively, but no significance difference between them at the apical third at a p-value of < 0.05.

Conclusion

The NaviTip FX (brush covered needle) showed effectively better canal wall debris removal than the NaviTip (brushless needle).

How to cite this article

Chandra V, Gandi P, Shivanna AK, Srinivas S, Himgiri S, Nischith KG. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study to evaluate the Efficacy of NaviTip FX in removing the Canal Debris during Root Canal Preparation: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):653-656.
Influence of Solvents and Composition of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Adhesive Systems on the Nanoleakage within the Hybrid Layer
Authors: Ferreira Joao Cardoso , Pires Patricia Teixeira , Azevedo Alvaro Ferreira , Oliveira Sofia Arantes , Melo Paulo Ribeiro , Silva Mario Jorge
Published: November 2013

Aim

The goal of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage within the hybrid layer yielded by etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems, with different solvents and compositions.

Materials and methods

Four adhesives were applied onto 20 human dentin disks: group A: Adper Scotchbond 1XT™ (3M ESPE), group B: One Coat Bond® (Coltène Whaledent), group C: AdheSE® (Ivoclar Vivadent) and group D: Xeno-V® (Dentsply). The samples were immersed in aqueous ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 hour, prepared and observed under field-emission scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electrons. Microphotographs were scanned and data were processed. The mean value and standard deviation were calculated. KruskalWallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used (p < 0.05).

Results

All the adhesives showed nanoleakage within the hybrid layer: Adper Scotchbond 1XT™ (218.5 μm ± 52.6 μm), One Coat Bond® (139.6 μm ± 79.0 μm), AdheSE® (92.7 μm ± 64.8 μm) and Xeno-V® (251.0 μm ± 85.2 μm). AdheSE® yielded less nanoleakage than Adper Scotchbond-1XT™ (p = 0.003) and than Xeno-V® (p = 0.007). No other statistically significant differences were detected.

Conclusion

Two-step self-etch adhesive system (AdheSE®) might contribute for lower nanoleakage deposition and thus better performance in dentin adhesion.

Clinical significance

The two-step self-etch adhesive system showed the lowest nanoleakage deposition compared with the other adhesive systems evaluated, which seems to indicate a better behavior when a restoration is performed in dentin and possibly can lead to a durable adhesion along time.

How to cite this article

Ferreira JC, Pires PT, Azevedo AF, Oliveira SA, Melo PR, Silva MJ. Influence of Solvents and Composition of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Adhesive Systems on the Nanoleakage within the Hybrid Layer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):691-699.
Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Materials to Eroded Enamel
Authors: Hesse Daniela , Lenzi Tathiane , Guglielmi Camila , Anacleto Ketlin , Raggio Daniela Prócida
Published: November 2013

Aim

To evaluate the bond strength of one etch-and-rinse adhesive system and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement to sound and eroded enamel.

Materials and methods

Forty-eight bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground to obtain flat buccal enamel surfaces. Half of the specimens were submitted to erosion challenge with pH-cycling model (3x/cola drink for 7 days) to induce eroded enamel. After that, all specimens were randomly assigned according to adhesive material: etch-andrinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2 – 3M ESPE, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitro Fil LC – DFL, Brazil). The shear bond testing was performed after 24 hours water storage (0.5 mm/min). Shear bond strength means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (p < 0.05).

Results

Adper Single Bond 2 showed the highest bond strength value to eroded enamel (p < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in sound enamel compared with Vitro Fil LC (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive system increases in eroded enamel, while no difference is verified to resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

Clinical significance

Adhesive materials may be used in eroded enamel without jeopardizing the bonding quality; however it is preferable to use etch-and-rinse adhesive system.

How to cite this article

Lenzi T, Hesse D, Guglielmi C, Anacleto K, Raggio DP. Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Materials to Eroded Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):700-703.
Comparison of the Remaining Dentin Thickness in the Root after Hand and Four Rotary Instrumentation Techniques: An in vitro Study
Authors: Issac Johnson K , Rao MS Rama , Shameem Abdul , Nair Rashmi , Ghanta Sureshbabu , Thankachan Rekha P
Published: November 2013

Aim

The aim of the present study was to compare the remaining dental thickness (RDT) in the mesiobuccal root of mandibular first molars at 3 and 7 mm from the anatomic apex after instrumentation with ProTaper, light speed LSX, K3 and M2 and to compare with that of K-files.

Materials and methods

In this study, 60 extracted, untreated human mandibular first molars with fully formed apices, with curvature less than 35° and no root resorption were used. Prepared specimens were cut horizontally at 3 and 7 mm short of anatomic apex. The least dentin thickness from canal to external root surface was observed under 3× magnification and recorded using Clemax measuring tool and the sections were reassembled. Group I—instrumentation with ProTaper, group II—instrumentation with K3, group III—instrumentation with Light Speed LSX, group IV—instrumentation with M2 and group V— instrumentation with K-files and RDT was measured.

Results

Results showed that group V removed lesser amount of dentin compared to all other groups while all the three instrumentation techniques removed almost equal amount of dentin apically.

Clinical significance

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal space involves the elimination of pathogenic contents as well as attaining a uniform specific shape. However, the RDT following the use of various intraradicular procedures is an important factor to be considered as an iatrogenic cause that may result in root fracture. To avoid this, newer rotary instruments are being introduced.

How to cite this article

Rao MSR, Shameem A, Nair R, Ghanta S, Thankachan RP, Issac JK. Comparison of the Remaining Dentin Thickness in the Root after Hand and Four Rotary Instrumentation Techniques: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):712-717.
Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status Among School Going Children: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Jayapalan CS , Gondhalekar Rajesh V , Krishna B Jaya , Shaloob KM Muhamed , Ummer P Fajar
Published: November 2013

Oral health is an important part of general health of body. Oral hygiene determines oral health status. Thus, oral hygiene is most important for good health in general. Poor oral hygiene can be source of many diseases. By maintaining the good oral hygiene, we can prevent occurrence of many disease. A survey was carried out to assess oral hygiene status and to find out caries prevalence rate among school going children of age 6 to 12 years. 957 healthy subjects including 567 boys and 390 girls from four different schools were examined in broad day light with the help of mouth mirror and explorer.

How to cite this article

Ravishankar PL, Jayapalan CS, Gondhalekar RV, Krishna BJ, Shaloob KMM, Ummer PF. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status Among School Going Children: An Epidemiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):743-746.
Dental Health and Treatment Needs Among Children in a Tribal Community
Authors: Kathariya Mitesh D , Viragi Prashant S , Dwijendra KS , Chopra Kirti , Dadpe Mahesh V , Madhukar HS
Published: November 2013

Objective

To assess the dental health status and treatment needs among children of ‘Pardhi’ tribal community.

Methods

A total of 185 children were examined over a period of 2 months using WHO proforma. The statistical software namely SPSS version 15.0 and data was analyzed using Student's t-test and ANOVA test at p < 0.05.

Results

The mean score for dft and DMFT was 1.87 ± 1.073 and 2.04 ± 1.564 respectively with males subjects were having comparatively more scores. It was also found significant differences between age groups. Most of the children needed one surface filling, i.e. 29.40%, followed by pulp care and restoration (19.30%), two or more surface fillings (15.60%) and extraction (11.70%).

Clinical significance

The study subjects were characterized by a lack of dental care services, high prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs. Therefore, implementation of a basic oral health care program for this tribal population is a high priority

How to cite this article

Viragi PS, Dwijendra KS, Kathariya MD, Chopra K, Dadpe MV, Madhukar HS. Dental Health and Treatment Needs Among Children in a Tribal Community. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):747-750.
Secondary Closure of Alveolar Clefts with Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Grafts and with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Under Local Anesthesia: Three Case Reports
Authors: Findik Yavuz , Baykul Timuçin
Published: November 2013

Secondary alveolar bone grafting is a method that enables an excellent oral rehabilitation of the patients having cleft palate. Many types of bone grafts have been used for reconstruction of the cleft, including autogenous bone and bone substitutes. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to be effective in grafting the defect. The aim of this presentation is to report the closure of an alveolar cleft with the use of symphyseal bone grafts harvested with platelet rich fibrin under local anesthesia. PRF may be a good treatment choice depending on the early radiographical view of the defect and uneventfull healing.

How to cite this article

Flndlk Y, Baykul T. Secondary Closure of Alveolar Clefts with Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Grafts and with Platelet-Rich Fibrin Under Local Anesthesia: Three Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):751-753.
Intraoral Manifestations in a Patient with Epidermal Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Baliga Vidya , Gopinath VPK , Baliga Sudhindra , Ramachandra Srinivas Sulugodu , Jithendra KD , Shetty Shamila
Published: November 2013

Aim

To report rare findings of oral and periodontal manifestations in a patient with Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS).

Background

The ENS describes the rare association of an epidermal nevus with abnormalities of central nervous system, ocular and skeletal abnormalities. Reports of oral involvement have been few. Also, most of the intraoral lesions have been reported in patients with nevi that do not fulfill the criteria for the diagnosis of ENS.

Case description

This report describes a case of ENS that, in addition to cutaneous manifestations showed skeletal involvement and intraoral manifestations such as the extension of the nevi on the face intraorally involving the labial mucosa, hypoplasia, hypodontia of teeth and severe periodontal destruction.

Conclusion

Patients with extensive epidermal nevi and systemic abnormalities should be suspected of having the ENS. Evaluation and management of patients with ENS requires a multidisciplinary team approach involving the dermatologist, pediatrician, ophthalmologist, neurologist, genetist, plastic surgeon and orthopedic services. Although uncommonly described in association with ENS, significant intraoral lesions do occur. Periodontal manifestations as in our patient, which to our knowledge has not been described in association with ENS so far, may also be present.

Clinical relevance

Alteration of the response of periodontal tissues to dental plaque in the presence of certain systemic diseases has been reported, but not in association with ENS. Severe periodontal destruction due to exaggerated response to dental plaque was seen in the present case. Hence, emphasis on oral hygiene maintenance in such patients is essential. Patients with ENS must be evaluated periodically as they show a persistent predisposition for the development of tumors

How to cite this article

Baliga V, Gopinath VPK, Baliga S, Ramachandra SS, Jithendra KD, Shetty S. Intraoral Manifestations in a Patient with Epidermal Nevus Syndrome . J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):762-765.
The Museum Maze in Oral Pathology Demystified—Part I
Authors: Ganavi BS
Published: November 2013

Museum technologies provide a wide array of choice of museums to those who wish to exploit technology to attract, excite and ensure an unrivalled visitor experience, as well as capture and sustain share of mind and heart. Museum being a combination of both art and science requires skilled workmanship, meticulous planning and execution to exhibit a specimen to its optimal elegance due to its relatively smaller size and fragile nature. A well established oral pathology museum is rarely seen due to negligence of oral specimens, dearth of knowledge in this field and also available data on it. An insight on oral pathology museum, including its establishment, importance and advanced technologies to make it more simple and accessible are discussed in two parts. Part I emphasizes on basics in oral pathology museum, whereas part II highlights the specialized techniques and recent advances in museum technology. Our effort is to present this article as hands on experience for the pathologists, student population and the technicians.

How to cite this article

Patil S, Rao RS, Ganavi BS. The Museum Maze in Oral Pathology Demystified—Part I. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):770-776.