bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary awareness: Darwin among the organizational sciences
Authors: Duening Thomas , Nicholson Nigel , Bradley-Geist Jill
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Recent criticisms of organizational science theory have lamented a lack of depth and a growing “maturity” that is impeding empirical advances. The purpose of this paper is to propose that organizational scientists can address this problem by embracing “evolutionary awareness” (EA). EA builds on theories and constructs developed in the evolutionary sciences that serve to add depth to theory building.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of the paper is first to introduce the concept of EA and identify its four key constructs. Next, the authors apply EA to three areas of research within organizational science: human motivation, interpersonal communication and leadership. The authors’ intent is to show that EA constructs extend and deepen traditional organizational science theorizing. Thereby, the authors show that the problems noted above, i.e., lack of depth and maturing theories, can be addressed by embracing EA.

Findings

The findings are that EA substantially enhances and freshens theorizing in the organizational sciences in the areas of human motivation, communication and leadership. By extension, other areas of interest will also benefit by embracing the EA perspective.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of the research are many. Organizational scientists can advance theory building, research and practical prescriptions by embracing EA. They can also engage in interdisciplinary research programs with scholars in the evolutionary sciences eager to see their work having practical implications. The limitation of this work is that the authors were only able to show a limited application of EA to three areas of interest to organizational science scholars.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this research are potentially far reaching. At this very moment, scholars in a wide array of disciplines are re-casting their views of humanity, cognition, values and other constructs based on the acceptance of evolution and its primary mechanism, variation and selection based on consequences. These changes will usher in new ideas about leadership, work-life balance, organizational purpose and many others.

Social implications

A much-needed “consilience” across the human sciences through embracement of the EA perspective may provide insights that will advance human flourishing in organizations and beyond. The authors believe that an increasingly veridical understanding of humanity will produce substantial social impact.

Originality/value

This work will provide an encompassing perspective that will assist organizational scholars in advancing their theory building and research questions. A much-needed “consilience” across the human sciences may provide insights that will advance human flourishing in organizations and beyond.
Revisiting international marketing strategy in a digital era
Authors: Katsikeas Constantine , Leonidou Leonidas , Zeriti Athina
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the opportunities and challenges facing firms in this new digital era concerning their international marketing strategy and examine how international marketing practices can be revisited in the light of these developments. Consideration is given to a range of relevant issues involved in the design and deployment of effective international marketing strategies using internet-enabled technologies. Such factors relate to internal company requirements, the external environmental situation, foreign market selection and entry, international marketing mix programs, and strategy implementation and control aspects.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual paper identifies, structures and presents systematically factors influencing international marketing strategy, implementation and control using digital technologies.

Findings

The authors point to the relevance and potentially important role that the deployment of online organizational resources and capabilities play in influencing foreign market selection and entry decisions and international marketing strategy choices, implementation and control. The authors thus explain how the use of digital technologies can facilitate the firm’s foreign market choices and the adoption of effective marketing programs, and offer insights into the adoption of digital tools in more effectively implementing and controlling the firm’s international marketing strategy.

Originality/value

The originality and value of this conceptual study is reflected in the identification and discussion of factors comprising the organizing framework of an international marketing strategy using internet-enabled technologies and in the examination of fruitful avenues of future investigation as a result of the need to redesign international marketing strategies in a new digital era.
What drives self-disclosure in mobile payment applications? The effect of privacy assurance approaches, network externality, and technology complementarity
Authors: Gong Xiang , Zhang Kem Z.K. , Chen Chongyang , Cheung Christy M.K. , Lee Matthew K.O.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Drawing on the control agency theory and the network effect theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of privacy assurance approaches, network externality and technology complementarity on consumers’ self-disclosure in mobile payment (MP) applications. The authors identify four types of privacy assurance approaches: perceived effectiveness of privacy setting, perceived effectiveness of privacy policy, perceived effectiveness of industry self-regulation and perceived effectiveness of government legislation. The research model considers how these privacy assurance approaches influence privacy concerns and consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications under boundary conditions of network externality and technology complementarity.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey with 647 sample users was conducted to empirically validate the model. The target respondents were current consumers of a popular MP application. The empirical data were analyzed by a structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

The empirical results reveal several major findings. First, privacy assurance approaches can effectively decrease privacy concerns, which ultimately formulates consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications. Second, network externality and technology complementarity weaken the effect of perceived effectiveness of privacy setting on privacy concerns. Third, network externality and technology complementarity strengthen the relationship between perceived effectiveness of government legislation and privacy concerns, while they have non-significant interaction effect with perceived effectiveness of privacy policy and industry self-regulation on privacy concerns.

Practical implications

MP providers and stakeholders can harness the efficacy of privacy assurance approaches in alleviating privacy concerns and promoting consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications.

Originality/value

The authors’ work contributes to the information privacy literature by identifying effective privacy assurance approaches in promoting consumers’ self-disclosure in MP applications, and by highlighting boundary conditions of these privacy assurance approaches.
The determinants of tax-haven use: evidence from Canada
Authors: Makni Yosra Fourati , Maaloul Anis , Dabbebi Rabeb
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of tax-haven use of publicly listed Canadian firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on alternative measures of tax havens (TH) and referring to a sample of 235 Canadian firms over the period of 2014–2015, probit-regression analyses are used to examine the determinants of tax-haven use.

Findings

The authors provide evidence that multinationality, intangible assets, thin capitalization, withholding taxes, equity-based management remuneration and tax fees paid to auditing firms are positively associated with TH use. Furthermore, the authors show that the variable relating to R&D intensity is positively associated with TH use. The authors also document that strong corporate-governance structures are negatively associated with TH use.

Research limitations/implications

This study is only limited to Canadian firms, so the results may not be generalizable to other countries.

Practical implications

The results may assist tax watchdogs in their efforts to understand the tax behavior held by Canadian firms. They may also be interesting for tax authorities in planning enforcement activities.

Originality/value

This study uses a sample from publicly listed financial and non-financial firms. It also uses various lists of TH published by various competent sources (IMF, 2000, 2007; TJN, 2005; OECD, 2012). The findings corroborate the recent media attention about the extensive use of TH by Canadian firms.
The impact of PHTPS on trip quality, trip value, satisfaction and word of mouth
Authors: Battour Mohamed , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur , Rana Md. Sohel
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The study aims to determine the impact of non-Muslim tourists’ perception of halal tourism products and services (PHTPS) on trip quality, trip value, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) towards halal tourism destination.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 375 non-Muslim tourists were surveyed in Malaysia using partial least square technique.

Findings

The findings showed that PHTPS has a significant impact on all four dimensions. The strongest relationship was found between PHTPS and trip quality, followed by PHTPS–WOM, PHTPS–satisfaction and PHTPS–trip value.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into the theory and practice of non-Muslim tourists’ PHTPS and WOM towards halal tourism destination. The findings are valuable to tourism operators, managers and marketers with the understanding and responsibility to develop halal tourism products and services from non-Muslim tourists’ insights.
A synthetic peptide analog of in silico‐predicted immunogenic epitope unique to dengue virus serotype 2 NS1 antigen specifically binds immunoglobulin G antibodies raised in rabbits
Authors: Guevarra Leonardo A. , Boado Kathleen Joyce O. , Ceñidoza Fidel Bryan B. , Imbao Ma. Rio Lauren M. , Sia Michelle Joy G. , Dalmacio Leslie Michelle M.
Published: November 2019

Development of a serotyping‐capable dengue detection test is hampered by the absence of an identified unique marker that can detect specific dengue virus (DENV) serotype. In the current commercially available antibody‐capture diagnostic methods, immobilized nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen indiscriminately binds and detects immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G against any serotype, thus limiting its capability to distinguish existing serotypes of dengue. Identification of dengue serotype is important because certain serotypes are associated with severe forms of dengue as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever. In this study, we aimed to identify an immunogenic epitope unique to DENV2 NS1 antigen and determine the binding specificity of its synthetic peptide mimotope to antibodies raised in animal models. Selection of a putative B‐cell epitope from the reported DENV2 NS1 antigen was done using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity prediction, Emini surface accessibility prediction, and Parker hydrophilicity prediction available at the immune epitope database and analysis resource. Uniqueness of the B‐cell epitope to DENV2 was analyzed by BLASTp. Immunogenicity of the synthetic peptide analog of the predicted immunogenic epitope was tested in rabbits. The binding specificity of the antibodies raised in animals and the synthetic peptide mimotope was tested by indirect ELISA. A synthetic peptide analog comprising the unique epitope of DENV2 located at the 170th–183rd position of DENV2 NS1 was found to be immunogenic in animal models. The antipeptide antibody produced in rabbits showed specific binding to the synthetic peptide mimotope of the predicted unique DENV2 NS1 immunogenic epitope.
Transcriptional patterns ofEmiliania huxleyiin the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre reveal the daily rhythms of its metabolic potential
Authors: Hernández Limón María D. , Hennon Gwenn M. M. , Harke Matthew J. , Frischkorn Kyle R. , Haley Sheean T. , Dyhrman Sonya T.
Published: November 2019

Emiliania huxleyiis a calcifying haptophyte, contributing to both the organic and inorganic marine carbon cycles. In marine ecosystems, light is a major driver of phytoplankton physiology and ultimately carbon flow through the ecosystem. Here, we analysed a Lagrangian time‐series of metatranscriptomes collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) to examine howin situpopulations ofE.huxleyimodulate gene expression over day–night transitions. ManyE.huxleyicontigs had a diel expression pattern, with 61% of contigs clustering into modules with statistically significant diel periodicity. Contigs involved in processes that build up energy stores, like carbon fixation and lipid synthesis, peaked around dawn. In contrast, contigs involved in processes that released energy stores, like respiration and lipid degradation, peaked mid‐day and towards dusk. These patterns suggest an orchestrated cycle of building, then consuming energy stores inE.huxleyipopulations in the NPSG. Selected contigs related to the cell cycle also exhibited significant diel periodicity consistent with phased modulations of division observed in culture. Overall, these patterns of gene expression suggest a daily metabolic cascade that could contribute to both organic and inorganic carbon flow in this nutrient depleted ecosystem.
Supplétisme á partir du locuteur: le cas du latinagō/faciō/fiō
Authors: Julia Marie‐Ange
Published: November 2019

The first aim of this work is to investigate a particular suppletism in order to draw conclusions about the phenomenon as a whole. Suppletion is a complex phenomenon, which often involves more elements than are generally supposed. Thus the paradigmatic suppletion in Latin between the activefaciō« I do » and the passivefiō« I am done » is probably the result of a resolution of another suppletive pair between the roots ofagōandfaciō. It will be necessary to add to the well‐known morphological suppletion an actantial one and it will be important to determine its importance in the genesis of numerous suppletions. In this paper, we will try to link the phenomenon to the speaker and his/her role in the genesis of the grammar.
Emergency healthcare delivery for young adults during a planned mass gathering: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Crilly Julia , Ranse Jamie , Bost Nerolie , Donnelly Tonya , Timms Jo , Gilmour Kate , Aitken Michael , Johnston Amy
Published: November 2019

Objective

To describe patient presentation characteristics and outcomes for people aged 16–18 years pre, during and post a planned youth mass gathering event (MGE): ‘Schoolies week’ on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study, including patient presentations by all young adults requiring care in the ED or in‐event health services (EHS) over a 21‐day period in 2014. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

A total of 1029 patient presentations were made by people aged 16–18 years to the ED and EHS over the 21‐day study period (139 pre, 695 during [275 in ED, 420 in EHS], 195 post Schoolies week). Some ED patient characteristics and outcomes varied between the pre, during and post Schoolies periods, such as patients age (P < 0.001), usual place of residence (P < 0.001) and not waiting for treatment (P = 0.015). Of the 24 375 registered MGE attendees, 420 (1.72% [95% confidence interval 1.57–1.89], 17.2/1000) presented for in‐event care. Most patients were allocated an Australasian Triage Scale category of 4 (n = 162, 65.6%), with toxicology related presentations (n = 169, 44.9%). Transportation to hospital was undertaken for seven MGE attendees (0.03% [95% confidence interval 0.01–0.06], 0.3/1000).

Conclusions

Establishment of an in‐event model of care for 1 week during Schoolies served as an effective hospital avoidance strategy for a planned youth MGE. Such in‐event models of care may be considered for other similar future MGE.
Corrupted ER‐mitochondrial calcium homeostasis promotes the collapse of proteostasis
Authors: Ashkavand Zahra , Sarasija Shaarika , Ryan Kerry C. , Laboy Jocelyn T. , Norman Kenneth R.
Published: November 2019

Aging and age‐related diseases are associated with a decline of protein homeostasis (proteostasis), but the mechanisms underlying this decline are not clear. In particular, decreased proteostasis is a widespread molecular feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Familial AD is largely caused by mutations in the presenilin encoding genes; however, their role in AD is not understood. In this study, we investigate the role of presenilins in proteostasis using the model system Caenorhabditis elegans. Previously, we found that mutations in C. elegans presenilin cause elevated ER to mitochondria calcium signaling, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial generated oxidative stress. This, in turn, promotes neurodegeneration. To understand the cellular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration, using several molecular readouts of protein stability in C. elegans, we find that presenilin mutants have widespread defects in proteostasis. Markedly, we demonstrate that these defects are independent of the protease activity of presenilin and that reduction in ER to mitochondrial calcium signaling can significantly prevent the proteostasis defects observed in presenilin mutants. Furthermore, we show that supplementing presenilin mutants with antioxidants suppresses the proteostasis defects. Our findings indicate that defective ER to mitochondria calcium signaling promotes proteostatic collapse in presenilin mutants by increasing oxidative stress.
Bronchopulmonary and vascular anomalies are frequent in children with oesophageal atresia
Authors: Lejeune Stephanie , Le Mee Armelle , Petyt Laurent , Hutt Antoine , Sfeir Rony , Michaud Laurent , Fayoux Pierre , Deschildre Antoine , Gottrand Frederic , Thumerelle Caroline
Published: November 2019

Aim

Oesophageal atresia is frequently associated with other malformations, and our aim was to use computed tomography (CT) to explore intrathoracic malformations in patients with this condition.

Method

This was retrospective study of children aged 0‐16 with oesophageal atresia who were born in 1996‐2013 and followed up at the French reference centre for rare oesophageal diseases at the University of Lille. Computed tomography scans were available for 48 of the 234 patients during follow‐up visits, and these were reviewed by a thoracic radiologist.

Results

More than two‐thirds of the scans were performed to explore persistent respiratory symptoms. We found that six patients had a pulmonary malformations: four lobar agenesis, one right pulmonary aplasia and one congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Computed tomography enabled us to diagnose unexpected thoracic malformations in 16 patients: four lobar agenesis, six arteria lusoria, five persistent left superior vena cava and one partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. It also confirmed the diagnoses of suspected malformations in five patients: one congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, one pulmonary hypoplasia, two right‐sided aortic arches and one communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation.

Conclusion

Intrathoracic anomalies were frequently associated with oesophageal atresia, and contrast‐enhanced chest CT scans should be performed on patients with persistent respiratory symptoms.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Catalytic receptors
Authors: Alexander Stephen P H , Fabbro Doriano , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair , Peters John A , Veale Emma L , Armstrong Jane F , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D , Pawson Adam J , Sharman Joanna L , Southan Christopher , Davies Jamie A ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: November 2019

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14751. Catalytic receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Enzymes
Authors: Alexander Stephen P H , Fabbro Doriano , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair , Peters John A , Veale Emma L , Armstrong Jane F , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D , Pawson Adam J , Sharman Joanna L , Southan Christopher , Davies Jamie A ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: November 2019

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14752. Enzymes are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Kinases as potential targets for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Weiss Astrid , Boehm Mario , Egemnazarov Bakytbek , Grimminger Friedrich , Savai Pullamsetti Soni , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Schermuly Ralph T.
Published: November 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive pulmonary vasculopathy that causes chronic right ventricular pressure overload and often leads to right ventricular failure. Various kinase inhibitors have been studied in the setting of PH and either improved or worsened the disease, highlighting the importance of understanding the specific role of the respective kinases in a spatiotemporal cellular context. In this review, we will summarize the knowledge on the role of kinases in PH and focus on druggable targets for which certain criteria are met: (a) deregulation of the kinase in PH; (b) small‐molecule inhibitors are available (e.g. from the oncology field); (c) preclinical studies have shown their efficacy in PH models; and (d) when available, therapeutic exploitation in human PH has been initiated. Along this line, clinical considerations such as personalized medicine approaches to predict therapy response and adverse side events such as cardiotoxicity together with their clinical management are discussed.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc
Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by suppressing the p53/p21 axis
Authors: Lei Ke , Li Wenfang , Huang Can , Li Yanjun , Alfason Leader , Zhao Hezhao , Miyagishi Makoto , Wu Shourong , Kasim Vivi
Published: November 2019

Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1) is a transcription factor critical for promoting neuronal differentiation and maturation. NeuroD1 is involved in neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma; however, its molecular mechanism in promoting tumorigenesis remains unclear. Furthermore, the role of NeuroD1 in non–neural malignancies has not been widely characterized. Here, we found that NeuroD1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer. NeuroD1‐silencing induces the expression of p21, a master regulator of the cell cycle, leading to G2‐M phase arrest and suppression of colorectal cancer cell proliferation as well as colony formation potential. Moreover, NeuroD1‐mediated regulation of p21 expression occurs in a p53‐dependent manner. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and point mutation analysis in the predicted NeuroD1 binding site of the p53 promoter, we found that NeuroD1 directly binds to the p53 promoter and suppresses its transcription, resulting in increased p53 expression in NeuroD1‐silenced colorectal cancer cells. Finally, xenograft experiments demonstrated that NeuroD1‐silencing suppresses colorectal cancer cell tumorigenesis potential by modulating p53 expression. These findings reveal NeuroD1 as a novel regulator of the p53/p21 axis, underscoring its importance in promoting non–neural malignancies. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the transcriptional regulation of p53.
Adult onset tubulo‐interstitial nephropathy in MT‐ND5‐related phenotypes
Authors: Bakis Hugo , Trimouille Aurélien , Vermorel Agathe , Redonnet Isabelle , Goizet Cyril , Boulestreau Romain , Lacombe Didier , Combe Christian , Martin‐Négrier Marie‐Laure , Rigothier Claire
Published: November 2019

Kidney is a highly adenosine triphosphate dependent organ in human body. Healthy and functional mitochondria are essential for normal kidney function. Clinical and genetic variability are the hallmarks of mitochondrial disorders. We report here the involvement of two MT‐ND5 pathogenic variants encoding for ND5 subunit of respiratory chain complex I, the m.13513G>A and the m.13514A>G, in adult‐onset kidney disease in three unrelated patients. The first patient had myopathy encephalopathy lactic acidosis and stroke syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome and tubulo‐interstitial kidney disease. The second presented Leber hereditary optic neuropathy associated with tubulo‐interstitial kidney disease. The third presented with an isolated chronic tubulo‐interstitial kidney disease. These mutations have never been associated with adulthood mitochondrial nephropathy. These case reports highlight the importance to consider mitochondrial dysfunction in tubulo‐interstitial kidney disease.
Immediate implant placement for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a facial bone wall defect: A prospective clinical study with a one‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Liu Renzhang , Yang Zhen , Tan Jianguo , Chen Li , Liu Hanqing , Yang Jianjun
Published: November 2019

Background

Clinical studies on immediate implant placement for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a facial bone wall defect are rarely reported.

Objective

To study the clinical outcomes of immediate implant placement combined with flap surgery, guided bone regeneration and non‐submerged healing for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a facial bone wall defect.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐five patients with a single failing tooth in the anterior maxillary region showing indications for extraction combined with a facial bone wall defect were treated by means of immediate implant placement combined with flap surgery, guided bone regeneration and non‐submerged healing. During this study, the implant survival rate, soft and hard tissue dimension changes, pink aesthetic score (PAS), and patient aesthetic satisfaction were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months post‐operatively.

Results

At 12 months post‐operatively, the survival rate of 45 implants was 100%. Mesial/distal papillary level reduction and midfacial soft tissue recession were measured as 0.53, 0.41, and 0.31 mm, respectively. The thickness of facial bone reduction measured by cone beam computed tomography was 0.94, 0.80, 0.85, 0.82, 0.45, and 0.41 mm at 6 different sites around the implant. The mean PAS and patient aesthetic satisfaction were determined to be 10.58% and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed surgical procedure is a valuable treatment strategy as assessed by preliminary clinical outcomes.
Self‐rated peri‐implant oral symptoms and clinicoradiographic characteristics in Narghile‐smokers, cigarette‐smokers, and nonsmokers with peri‐implantitis
Authors: Alqahtani Fawaz , Alqhtani Nasser , Divakar Darshan D. , Shetty Sapna B. , Shetty Bharathraj , Alkhtani Fahad
Published: November 2019

Background

The hypothesis is that self‐rated peri‐implant oral symptoms (OS) and clinical (plaque index [PI] and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) are higher in (cigarette‐smokers [CS]) and (waterpipe‐users) than (nonsmokers [NS]). The aim was to relate peri‐implant self‐perceived OS with clinico‐radiographic parameters among CS, waterpipe‐users, and NS.

Materials and Methods

This study was performed on self‐reported CS, waterpipe‐users, and NS with peri‐implantitis. A questionnaire was used to record peri‐implant self‐perceived OS (pain in gums, bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose implant) and demographic data (age, sex, duration of smoking and waterpipe usage, duration of implants in function, duration since diagnosis of peri‐implantitis). Clinico‐radiographic parameters (CBL, PD, PI, and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were also measured; and compared with the self‐perceived OS. Group comparisons were done for perceived OS and clinico‐radiographic variables, and significant differences were deemed whenP‐values were under .05.

Results

One hundred male participants (35 CS, 33 waterpipe‐users, and 32 NS) with peri‐implantitis were included. Pain in gums (P < .05) and bad breath (P < .05) were more frequently perceived by CS and waterpipe‐users than NS. There was no significant difference in perceived bleeding gums around the implant or loose implant among all groups. The CBL (P < .01), PI (P < .001), and PD (P < .01) were significantly high in CS and waterpipe‐users than NS. NS (P < .05) had significantly higher BOP than waterpipe‐users and CS. There was no significant difference in CBL, PI, PD, and BOP among waterpipe‐users and CS.

Conclusion

Tobacco‐smokers present with worse peri‐implant perceived OS and clinicoradiograhic parameters than nonsmokers with peri‐implantitis.
miR‐92b promotes gastric cancer growth by activating the DAB2IP‐mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Ni Qing‐feng , Zhang Yan , Yu Jia‐wei , Hua Ru‐heng , Wang Qu‐hui , Zhu Jian‐wei
Published: November 2019

Objectives

miR‐92b has been reported to play critical roles in several carcinomas; however, our understanding of the mechanisms by which miR‐92b stimulates gastric cancer (GC) is incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and functional relevance of miR‐92b in GC.

Materials and methods

Expression of miR‐92b in GC and peritumoural tissues was determined using qRT‐PCR, in situ hybridization and bioinformatics. CCK‐8, colony formation and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting assays were utilized to explore the effect of miR‐92b on GC cells. A luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting were employed to verify miR‐92b targeting of DAB2IP. Furthermore, Western blotting was used to evaluate the levels of DAB2IP and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway‐related proteins.

Results

In this study, we found that miR‐92b was upregulated in GC tissues compared with peritumoural tissues. Overexpression of miR‐92b promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and G0/G1 transition and decreased apoptosis. Our results indicated that miR‐92b repressed the expression of DAB2IP and that loss of DAB2IP activated the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Overexpression of DAB2IP rescued the effects of miR‐92b in GC cells. Finally, our results demonstrated a significant correlation between miR‐92b expression and DAB2IP expression in GC tissues.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that miR‐92b promotes GC cell proliferation by activating the DAB2IP‐mediated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The miR‐92b/DAB2IP/PI3K/AKT signalling axis may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent GC progression.
The expansion wave of an invasive predator leaves declining waterbird populations behind
Authors: Brzeziński Marcin , Żmihorski Michał , Nieoczym Marek , Wilniewczyc Piotr , Zalewski Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Aim

Theory predicts that the evolutionary adaptations of prey to reduce predator pressure often fail in confrontation with non‐native predators; thus, their predation usually leads to sharp declines of prey populations. However, over time, prey can develop anti‐predator adaptations, reduce predator impact and recover its population. We analyse the numerical response of multiple prey species to the impact of a non‐native predator on a large spatiotemporal scale.

Location

Poland.

Methods

Long‐term population dynamics of 13 waterbird species breeding in 123 sites were analysed with reference to the present and historical distribution of mink over 40 years. We rescaled the temporal waterbird dynamics to the time elapsed since the mink colonized each site.

Results

The steepest waterbird declines were recorded up to 15 years after establishment of the mink population, and in that period, waterbird abundance averaged across the 13 studied species declined by 50% but certain species showed different patterns: the abundance of eight species declined linearly or nonlinearly, whereas the breeding populations of five other species did not change significantly. Over time, the abundance of some declining species increased slightly and tended to stabilize at a lower level. The temporal pattern of waterbird dynamics averaged across species correlated closely with temporal changes of mink density with a 4‐year time‐lag. A projection of the observed patterns shows that waterbird decline following the expansion of mink has the shape of a wave travelling from the north to the south of Poland.

Main conclusions

We conclude that the impact of the invasive American mink should be considered an important factor affecting waterbird populations at a large geographical scale. The waterbird vulnerability to mink predation is species‐specific, and over time the negative impact grows weak as mink population densities decline.
PERFORMANCE, DIVERSITY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY EVIDENCE FROM ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL
Authors: Tovar Jorge
Published: November 2019

The increasing national diversity of coworkers has no consensus on its impact on performance. Using a team's predominant nationality as a proxy for national diversity and national identity, there is robust evidence that it affects team and individual performance. Detailed worker‐level data from a highly globalized industry, association football, show a nonlinear relationship between performance and the predominant nationality of a team's roster. As the number of members from the predominant nationality increases, performance declines. However, beyond a threshold level, performance rises. It follows that performance benefits from national diversity when the predominant nationality is small and from national identity when it is large. (JEL M14, Z21, Z22, J15)
Keeping it real or keeping it simple? Ownership concentration measures compared
Authors: Mavruk Taylan , Overland Conny , Sjögren Stefan
Published: November 2019

We analyze the distributional properties of ownership concentration measures and find that measures come from different underlying statistical distributions. Consistent with theory, some measures that are classified to represent a monitoring dimension have a positive influence on firm performance; other measures that are interpreted to represent a shareholder conflict dimension are negatively related to firm performance. However, other measures deviate from this pattern, and therefore, we cannot conclude that simple measures can replace complicated measures. Some measures are more suitable for analyzing the relationship between management and owners, whereas other measures are more suitable for analyzing the relationships among owners.
Risk factors for duration of equine rhinitis A virus respiratory disease
Authors: Rossi T. M. , Moore A. , O’Sullivan T. L. , Greer A. L.
Published: November 2019

Background

Infectious respiratory disease is common in young horses and can impact athletic performance and long‐term health. Significant variation in the duration of clinical disease has been observed, even in the absence of secondary complications. The determination of factors associated with disease chronicity may facilitate clinical decision‐making and the development of improved biosecurity protocols.

Objective

To investigate contact network characteristics, and demographic variables associated with time to clinical recovery from Equine Rhinitis A virus respiratory disease.

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Yearling Standardbred racehorses (n = 58) housed in a multi‐barn training facility in Southern Ontario were included. Horses were monitored daily for clinical signs of acute respiratory disease over a 41‐day period in Autumn 2017. Contact patterns between horses, including older racehorses, were determined through use of proximity loggers attached to halters during the initial 7‐day of the study. Associations between duration of disease, demographic factors (birth month, gait, sex and yearling sale), serologic titres and network metrics (degree, betweenness and Eigenvector centrality) were investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Yearling attack rate for infectious respiratory disease was 87.9% (n = 51). Median time to recovery was 6 days (IQR = 1–32) and 17 horses were censored due to early withdrawal or failure to recover during the study period. In those yearlings born February–May, birth month was significant in the Cox proportional hazard model (Hazard Ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.49–1, P = 0.05).

Main limitation

Probability of censoring was not independent of outcome which necessitated use of sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

These findings suggest late born foals are less likely to recover quickly from infectious respiratory disease.
Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle; its occurrence and association with clinical outcome in a population of adult horses with stifle lameness
Authors: Croxford A. K. , Parker R. A. , Burford J. H. , Lloyd D. , Boswell J. C. , Hughes T. K. , Phillips T. J.
Published: November 2019

Background

Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle (CMFC) is a potential cause of stifle lameness in adult horses. However, there is scant published evidence of either its occurrence or its clinical significance.

Objectives

To document the occurrence of CMFC seen during diagnostic arthroscopy in adult horses with stifle lameness and to investigate its prognostic significance.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The records were reviewed of all horses with unilateral or bilateral lameness localised to the stifle that underwent diagnostic arthroscopy of the cranial medial femorotibial joint at a UK equine hospital. The surgical findings were noted from each. Case outcomes were determined by unstructured telephone discussions with owners. A satisfactory outcome was defined as a horse that was in ridden work without ongoing anti‐inflammatory medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create a model with an outcome time point at 12‐month post‐operatively.

Results

One hundred and four horses were included in the study. CMFC was found in 79. In 25 CMFC was the only finding, 54 horses had CMFC plus other pathology and 25 had other pathology, but no CMFC. At 12 months, horses with CMFC were 9.9 (95% CI 2.2–45.0, P<0.01) times more likely to have an unsatisfactory outcome than horses without CMFC.

Main limitations

The study relied on retrospective analysis of clinical notes and archived arthroscopy videos. Assessment of outcome was determined by unstructured telephone interview and therefore there is potential for reporting errors to exist.

Conclusions

CMFC is a common arthroscopic finding in horses with stifle lameness and is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of the horse not being in ridden work at long‐term follow‐up.
Fibrinogen concentrates in hereditary fibrinogen disorders: Past, present and future
Authors: Casini Alessandro , de Moerloose Philippe
Published: November 2019

Hereditary fibrinogen disorders (HFD) are rare coagulation disorders. Even if the spectrum of symptoms is broad depending on the sub‐type, bleeding is the most common complication. Of the available sources of fibrinogen replacement, fibrinogen concentrate provides a safer and more effective option to treat and prevent bleeding. Recent clinical trials on established and new fibrinogen concentrates have increased our knowledge on the clinical pharmacology of these products, pointing out possible age and weight differences for dose adjustment. The efficacy of fibrinogen infusions has been demonstrated, especially for the management of acute bleeding with an excellent response based on investigator rating. The target fibrinogen levels in the setting of both minor and major surgeries have been better specified. The safety has been confirmed with a low number of adverse events but there still remains concern over possible thrombotic risks. Pharmacological, clinical aspects and future perspectives on the utilization of fibrinogen concentrates in the treatment and prevention of bleeding in patients with HFD are reviewed.
Wing‐feather moult phenotypes differ between the preformative and prealternate episodes and along passerine phylogeny
Authors: Guallar Santi , Jovani Roger
Published: November 2019

Passerine wing‐feather moult has been studied historically in terms of its intensity, duration, timing and extent. However, little is known about variation of wing‐moult phenotypes (i.e. the identity of moulted wing feathers in a given individual) within species, among moult episodes and in relation to passerine phylogeny. Here we studied 5373 wing‐moult cards from 285 Holarctic and 155 Neotropical passerine species. Variation of moult phenotypes, although high, was far below that expected by chance, and the same phenotypes were repeated among individuals within and among species, suggesting the existence of shared mechanisms of moult control. We successfully classified moult phenotypes according to nine moult patterns described in the literature and found an uneven distribution between the preformative and the prealternate moult. Moult patterns were phylogenetically conserved for the preformative but not for the prealternate moult. Our results suggest differential seasonal control of bird moult with preformative moults being associated with (evolutionarily conserved) somatic demands, whereas prealternate moults are probably associated with (rapidly evolving) signalling functions.
Field evaluation of abundance estimates under binomial and multinomialN‐mixture models
Authors: Bötsch Yves , Jenni Lukas , Kéry Marc
Published: November 2019

Assessing and modelling abundance from animal count data is a very common task in ecology and management. Detection is arguably never perfect, but modern hierarchical models can incorporate detection probability and yield abundance estimates that are corrected for imperfect detection. Two variants of these models rely on counts of unmarked individuals, or territories (binomialN‐mixture models, orbinmix), and on detection histories based on territory‐mapping data (multinomialN‐mixture models ormultimix). However, calibration studies which evaluate these twoN‐mixture model approaches are needed. We analysed conventional territory‐mapping data (three surveys in 2014 and four in 2015) using both binmix and multimix models to estimate abundance for two common avian cavity‐nesting forest species (Great TitParus majorand Eurasian Blue TitCyanistes caeruleus). In the same study area, we used two benchmarks: occupancy data from a dense nestbox scheme and total number of detected territories. To investigate variance in estimates due to the territory assignment, three independent ornithologists conducted territory assignments. Nestbox occupancy yields a minimum number of territories, as some natural cavities may have been used, and binmix model estimates were generally higher than this benchmark. Estimates using the multimix model were slightly more precise than binmix model estimates. Depending on the person assigning the territories, the multimix model estimates became quite different, either overestimating or underestimating the ‘truth’. We conclude thatN‐mixture models estimated abundance reliably, even for our very small sample sizes. Territory‐mapping counts depended on territory assignment and this carried over to estimates under the multimix model. This limitation has to be taken into account when abundance estimates are compared between sites or years. Whenever possible, accounting for such hidden heterogeneity in the raw data of bird surveys, via including a ‘territory editor’ factor, is recommended. Distributing the surveys randomly (in time and space) to editors may also alleviate this problem.