bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODIFICAÇÕES NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS NO SOLO DECORRENTES DA INTRODUÇÃO DE PASTAGENS EM ÁREAS DE CERRADO E FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Longo Regina Márcia , Espíndola Carlos Roberto , Ribeiro Admilson Írio
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Com o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os impactos decorrentes da remoção das coberturas originais e seu posterior uso agrícola tomando-se, para tanto, duas distintas condições fisiográficas brasileiras - cerrado e floresta amazônica, tendo como atributos primordiais de análise as modificações da estrutura/agregação dos solos. As áreas selecionadas para as investigações foram Porto Velho, RO (floresta) e Senador Canedo, GO (cerrado) de ocorrência de Latossolos argilosos, cujas amostras foram coletadas ao longo de transeções contendo 24 pontos (pequenas trincheiras de 60 cm de profundidade), 12 sob vegetação natural (floresta e cerrado) e 12 sob pastagem plantada, em cada uma das áreas de estudo; em seguida, estas foram analisadas quanto à distribuição e estabilidade de agregados em água. Verificou-se diminuição acentuada no diâmetro médio dos agregados (DMP) no sentido vegetação natural-pastagem, sendo mais pronunciada na região do cerrado; de maneira geral, os maiores valores foram observados na região amazônica em que a remoção da cobertura vegetal original promoveu efeitos negativos sobre os atributos dos solos estudados, notadamente sobre a estrutura/agregação dos mesmos, mostrando a fragilidade dos solos dos ecossistemas brasileiros, quando submetidos ao cultivo.
PRODUTIVIDADE DO MELOEIRO SOB DIFERENTES INTERVALOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DISPOSIÇÕES DE LINHAS LATERAIS DE GOTEJAMENTO EM SOLO ARENOSO COESO
Authors: Coelho Eugênio Ferreira , Sousa Valdemicio Ferreira de , Rodrigues Bráz Henrique Nunes , Souza Valdomiro Aurélio Barbosa de , Andrade Camilo de Lélis Texeira de
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho, objetiva oferecer alternativas de redução nos custos de sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento do meloeiro, sem afetar o manejo da irrigação e comparar o gotejamento enterrado, em termos de rendimento da cultura, ao gotejamento superficial. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em um solo arenoso coeso de tabuleiro costeiro, com o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de quatro intervalos de irrigação (1, 2, 3 e 4 dias) com as linhas laterais de gotejamento junto à fileira de plantas e entre fileiras alternadas de plantas, superficial e enterradas a profundidade de 0,25 m. O intervalo de irrigação e a disposição das linhas laterais não afetaram a produtividade do meloeiro.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS HIDRÁULICAS DO TUBO PERFURADO SANTAPE
Authors: Marinho Albanise Barbosa , Dantas Neto José , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Azevedo Hamilton Medeiros de
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Foram determinadas as características hidráulicas do Santape, que trata-se de um tubo perfurado flexível de polietileno linear de baixa densidade, com orifícios a raio laser. Avaliou-se a relação vazão-pressão, o coeficiente de variação de fabricação dos orifícios, o diâmetro interno do tubo e a ruptura de sua parede em função da variação de pressão, o alcance e a altura do jato da água, e a vazão em função do comprimento do tubo e da pressão. Os emissores apresentaram valor médio de coeficiente de variação de fabricação de 4,10% e regime turbulento (x = 0,5646). Verificou-se aumento do diâmetro interno do tubo em função de incrementos na pressão e a ruptura da parede do tubo ocorreu na pressão de 169,30 kPa. A vazão em função do comprimento variou de 11,25 a 7,09 L h-1 m-1, dados obtidos experimentalmente para comprimentos de 10 a 200 m e pressão de 80 kPa.
ESQUEMA FLUX-SPLINE APLICADO A PROBLEMAS DIFUSIVOS TRIDIMENSIONAIS EM REGIME PERMANENTE
Authors: Oliveira Paulo César
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por finalidade apresentar um esquema de discretização mais eficiente que o tradicional esquema de diferenças centrais, denominado Flux-Spline, a fim de simular, numericamente, problemas tridimensionais governados por difusão. A eficiência do esquema proposto foi avaliada por meio da resolução de problemas-teste com solução analítica conhecida. Verificou-se que tal esquema possui características adequadas de precisão e, portanto, uma opção recomendável para a solução de problemas difusivos tridimensionais.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO CONSUMO DE ÁGUA E DO COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DA ABÓBORA NA REGIÃO DE BOTUCATU, SP
Authors: Klosowski Elcio Silvério , Lunardi Dalva Martinelli Cury , Sandanielo Aquiles
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O consumo de água pela cultura de abóbora italiana ( Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivar Caserta, foi avaliado através de um conjunto de lisímetros de nível de lençol freático na região de Botucatu, SP (latitude 22º51'S, longitude 48º27'W e altitude 786 m). A cultura apresentou maior consumo hídrico no tempo entre a floração e o desenvolvimento dos frutos. O consumo total de água para um ciclo de 70 dias foi de 231,52 mm. Os coeficientes de cultura (kc) obtidos variaram entre 0,68 e 1,96.
Entre condiciones expertas y negociaciones prácticas: la generización del dinero proveniente de las transferencias monetarias condicionadas
Authors: Hornes Martín
Published: February 2016

Resumen Basados en entregas directas de dinero a los hogares pobres, las transferencias monetarias condicionadas (TMC) se han convertido en las políticas sociales predominantes en Argentina y América Latina. Los saberes expertos vinculados a las TMC pretenden construir un monopolio técnico y moral sobre el dinero transferido, otorgándole una definición unívoca ajustada a las condicionalidades de los programas. Principalmente destacan la titularidad del beneficio sobre las mujeres, en vistas a abordar las disparidades de género y por considerarlas más eficientes en el manejo del dinero. A través de la reconstrucción de los presupuestos de hogares receptores de distintas TMC, observaremos como los integrantes organizan sus dineros construyendo esquemas de clasificación y evaluación sobre el uso del mismo. Indagaremos sobre cómo dichos esquemas se constituyen a partir de las construcciones sociales del género y las negociaciones entre las condicionalidades programáticas y los significados sociales que el dinero adquiere en los hogares.
Decadencia y apogeo del espacio. Dimensiones culturales del cambio socioeconómico en un caso de renovación urbana en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Pulgarín Gregorio
Published: February 2016

Resumen En este artículo me propongo analizar la valoración simbólica de un espacio urbano a lo largo de un periodo de transformaciones económicas en Pereira, Colombia. Abordo la transición entre un momento en el que la plaza de mercado sintetizaba sentimientos y significados de adscripción favorables gracias a su vínculo con la economía cafetera, y otro en el que esta actividad económica devino intrascendente y la valoración simbólica negativa de este espacio ahora “obsoleto” justificó su demolición y la construcción de un complejo urbano de vocación comercial “moderna”. Este estudio, implicó la observación de dicho espacio durante varios periodos, así como la realización de entrevistas a individuos claves en la planeación urbana local y la consulta de fuentes secundarias. El empleo de la noción de estructura de sentimiento me permitió explicar la manera como se codifican culturalmente algunos fenómenos económicos que inciden en las transformaciones espaciales.
Grado de conocimiento y aplicabilidad de la contabilidad ambiental empresarial en El Espinal, Colombia
Authors: Alturo-Fonseca Carlos Albeiro
Published: February 2016

El propósito del presente artículo es determinar el grado de conocimiento y aplicabilidad que las empresas del sector agroindustrial, industrial y comercial en el municipio de El Espinal, Colombia, le conceden a la contabilidad ambiental debido al buen desarrollo empresarial, que se ve reflejado en el crecimiento de su infraestructura física, el aumento de trabajadores y la creación de nuevos productos. No obstante, se generan una serie de implicaciones ambientales serias como la contaminación del aire por la quema indiscriminada de residuos, por lo cual se debe contar con soluciones que mitiguen el impacto ambiental que ellas crean. Aquí se muestra la importancia de la contabilidad ambiental empresarial como herramienta administrativa. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo-exploratorio. La población objeto de estudio fueron empresas debidamente registradas y se empleó la fórmula aleatoria simple para determinar la muestra, a la cual se le aplicó el instrumento de recolección de información debidamente cotejada, es decir, la encuesta, dirigida a los responsables de la información: el administrador y contador público. Solo el 18% de las empresas tienen un sistema contable que les permite identificar el impacto ambiental; el poco conocimiento de la contabilidad ambiental lleva a no tener una responsabilidad social-ambiental-empresarial.

 
Construcción marca-ciudad como relevancia antropológica en el desarrollo innovador de una identidad socioeconómica de un territorio
Authors: Rodríguez-Villamizar Mary Yaneth
Published: February 2016

El presente artículo se dispone como una disertación acerca de la asociación que se construye alrededor de una marca territorial, edificando una serie de atributos singulares y exclusivos que identifican, reconocen y diferencian una ciudad de otra. Los lineamientos y las estrategias de la construcción de una marca territorial se articulan desde el acercamiento a los antecedentes antropológicos como sello hacia una localidad, así como también los principales aspectos por tener en cuenta en la construcción y el desarrollo de nuevas marcas geográficas, en los que se destacan las normas y los valores, las estructuras gráficas, la innovación y la identidad territorial. A su vez, realiza un breve análisis de cómo el elemento gráfico de la marca opera como un indicador diferenciador de productos de origen rural. Se plantean algunas reflexiones y retos que se deben tener en cuenta para el desarrollo de estrategias que faciliten la construcción colectiva de imagen territorial y se concluye que los conceptos de la construcción de una marca territorial se transforman en activos comercialmente valiosos a medida que van perdiendo su valor jurídico. Este precepto se logra, ante todo, transformando la marca territorial en una herramienta que cree y desarrolle una pregnancia total del consumidor para una metrópoli específica.
Women Entrepreneurship as an Instrument for Transformation of Human Resource: A Case Study of Navi Mumbai
Authors: Bose Sharmila
Published: February 2016

Harnessing the economic potential of women has become central to the concept of inclusive and sustainable industrial development. This paper brings out the importance of women entrepreneurs as an emerging human resource of the 21st century, who possess the capacity to transform firms into thriving enterprises. This has been shown through a case study of the emerging city of Maharashtra, the satellite city of 'Navi-Mumbai'. The survey results show that women entrepreneurs of the Navi Mumbai have shown their excellence in diverse economic activities and have contributed significantly as a productive human resource in the development of the city. The empowerment of women entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship development has brought a positive impact on the lives of their families and improvement in the community and society at large.
Crop Diversification and Land Productivity in Odisha: Role of Rural Infrastructure
Authors: Nayak Chittaranjan
Published: February 2016

The present study examines the role of rural infrastructure, and some other factors like seed, fertiliser, marketable surplus and rural credit in crop diversification and land productivity in an eastern Indian state, Odisha. By using district-wise cross section official data for the year 2011-12, an index for rural infrastructure is prepared with help of the Principal Components Analysis, and crop diversity index is measured by the Entropy Index. An attempt has also been made to examine the regional divide in crop diversification and land productivity vis-à-vis rural infrastructure. The study observes that rural infrastructure has significant positive impact on land productivity. However, along with high yielding variety paddy, infrastructure contributes to concentration rather than crop diversification. In addition, the study also observes persistence of regional divide in infrastructure, which may be considered as a major concern having wider implications. However, due to limitations in data, such inferences need micro-level verifications before generalisation.
Medico-demographic situation in prisons of Volga federal district in the period of the penal system reforming
Authors: Tulenkov A M , Dyuzheva E V , Romanov K A
Published: February 2016

Aim. To assess tendency in medico-demographic indicators of persons held in prisons of Volga Federal District in the period of the penal system modern reforming (2006-2014).Methods. Assessment of the studied contingent quantitative and qualitative medico-demographic indicators dynamics, the most relevant for the prisons for the 2006-2014. Forecasting of studied indicators for the period up to 2017 was conducted. Intensive and extensive indicators calculation and their dynamic comparison were performed.Results. Changes of demographic indicators for the 2006-2014 period involve the total number of prisoners reduction, the proportion of women increase and the proportion of teenagers decrease, reduction the punishment serving duration, migration processes intensification. The studied contingent, which was held in the prisons of the Volga Federal District, in the vast majority (91.0%) was presented by male persons. The mean age of convicted is 30.9 years. The mean term of punishment in prisons is 7.6 years. During the 2006-2014, the constant tendency of the studied contingent mortality increase due to the continuing increase in the number of patients with socially significant diseases amid decrease of the total number of persons held in prisons was registered. In 2014, the mortality rate was 7.1‰, which is 36.5% higher than in 2006 (5.2‰). The leading causes of death were infectious and parasitic diseases (37.1%). Studied medico-demographic indicators changes had significant regional features.Conclusion. Revealed significant changes in the medico-demographic indicators of studied contingent, definitely affecting the penalty system medical service activity, dictate the necessity of considering them when adopting the strategy of medical care organization in prisons.
Analysis of surgical care delivery to gynecological patients
Authors: Mazitova M I , Kibardina N A , Kniazeva N A , Zaripova G M , Khayrullina E A , Abdullaeva G Sh
Published: February 2016

Aim. To analyze surgical care delivery to patients with urgent gynecological diseases in Kazan hospitals for the period of 2010-2014.Methods. The data on incidence, its structure, performed interventions, types of surgical approaches, obtained from eight Kazan hospitals, serving the urban population over the last 5 years (2010-2014) were analyzed.Results. During this period, 86 165 women were treated in gynecological departments, 13 863 (16%) of them were provided with surgical care. During the analyzed period, the number of gynecological patients increased by 7000: from 12 374 to 19 548 people. Abdominal surgical interventions prevailed. When analyzing the surgical approaches types ratio in elective abdominal interventions, the prevalence of abdominal laparoscopic approach was revealed. The increase in the use of endoscopy at urgent conditions from 73% in 2010 to 83.7% in 2014 was observed. The downward trend of the laparoscopic approach use during elective surgery, observed in recent years, to some extent may be due to reprofiling of departments and hospitals. The tendency to increase the ectopic pregnancy frequency - from 48.1 to 55.2%, ovarian apoplexy - from 20.8 to 31.7% in 2010 and 2014 respectively, was revealed. The laparoscopy use increase by almost 20% both in ectopic pregnancy and in ovarian apoplexy was observed.Conclusion. Adequate provision of city gynecological departments with endoscopic equipment, the possibility of its round-the-clock use, increase in the number of gynecologists mastered laparoscopic technology allow to increase the proportion of mini-invasive methods of surgical treatment.
P2-receptors as promising target for future drugs
Authors: Ziganshin A U
Published: February 2016

Now it is recognized that extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), along with certain other purine and pyrimidine compounds is capable to regulate many intracellular processes by affecting specific receptors - P2-receptors. These receptors are widely distributed in the organs and tissues of humans and animals. It has been shown that P2-receptors are involved in the vascular tone maintenance, nerve transmission modulation, hemostasis regulation and functions of many internal organs. P2-receptors wide variety and broad representation makes them very attractive as potential targets for new drugs with the original mechanism of action. About 20 years ago in the Kazan State Medical University laboratory was created and research group on studying the fundamental and applied aspects of the P2-receptors was formed. Professor A.U. Ziganshin, a disciple and colleague of professor G. Burnstock, leads this group. In this article, an overview of research carried out by the author or under his supervision over the past two decades to study the physiological and pathophysiological role of P2-receptors in humans and animals, as well as the evaluation of these receptors as potential targets for action of new drugs, is given. In particular, it describes the work to identify new and effective P2-receptors antagonists, the role and characteristics of ecto-ATPase activity in different tissues are described, an overview of studies to assess the unique hypersensitivity of P2-receptors at low temperatures is given. Also studies on assessing the presence and functional role of P2-receptors in the pregnant human uterus, inflamed fallopian tubes, various blood vessels are presented in summary form. Obviously, due to the growing interest of many pharmaceutical companies to this area, in the near future we can expect new drugs, which are P2-receptors agonists or antagonists and are effective in treatment of various human diseases.
Development of new potential drugs with psychotropic activity among phosphorylacetohydrazides and other phosphorylated carboxylic acids derivatives - priority area of Kazan school of psychopharmacologists
Authors: Semina I I , Baychurina A Z
Published: February 2016

In the present review professors A.I. Razumov and I.V. Zaikonnikova ideas development on the prospects of potential drugs investigation in the class of phosphorylated carboxylic acids are described. The first representative of these compounds, approved for clinical use, became a difenilphosphorylacetic acid hydrazide - the drug phosenazid (diphenizid, phosphabenzide, gidiphen) with a tranquilizing, anti-alcohol, antidepressant and antiepileptic properties. Continuing research, we studied the new series of phosphorylacetohydrazides and found that the 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 2’-chloroethoxyphosphorylacetic acid hydrazide (CAPAH) improves memory and learning in normal and pathological conditions, shows neuroprotective properties, corrects behavioral disorders in double-transgenic mice with the Alzheimer’s disease, has antidepressant properties. Hydrazide of 4-dimethylaminophenyl,2’-chloroethoxyphosphorylacetohydrazide acid has an original mechanism of action, which is its ability to enhance glutamatergic transmission through NMDA-receptors strychnine-insensitive glycine sites; enhances the interaction with the main mediator in the cholinergic synapses through neurokinin NK-1 receptors similar to substance P neuropeptide; has membranolipotropic effect by changing the phosphatidylcholine membrane bilayer organization, what may contribute to the positive effect on the receptors function. Using computer-aided prognosis, design and synthesis of phosphorylacetohydrazides new series and other derivatives of phosphorylated carboxylic acids was made, their nootropic, antidepressant and tranquilizing properties, some aspects of the mechanism of action were investigated, the main pharmacophores were identified and directions in the most promising compounds development were determined. The review also presents the research results analysis on the development of phosphorylacetohydrazides targeted delivery methods using calixarenes and polymer nanoparticles based on interpolyelectrolyte complexes. It is concluded that the development of new phosphorylacetohydrazides and other derivatives of phosphorylated carboxylic acids as potential drugs opens new possibilities of this unique class of compounds.
Experience of Fournier’s gangrene clinical diagnostics
Authors: Prokhorov A V
Published: February 2016

The article represents clinical cases review of rare and serious disease - Fournier’s gangrene. 3 patients with Fournier’s gangrene aged 53±13 years were followed up in Moscow City Clinical Urological Hospital №47 and City Clinical Hospital №57 in the period from 2005 to 2015. All patients with Fournier’s gangrene were admitted to the hospital with a different referral diagnoses: «acute epididymo-orchitis», «testicular abscess», «scrotal phlegmon». Standard clinical and laboratory tests, abdominal cavity and urogenital system plain radiography and ultrasound examination were performed. For genital organs ultrasound examination a high-resolution linear transducer (6-16 MHz) was used. Ultrasonography in the admission room allowed to exclude acute scrotal diseases in all patients, Fournier’s gangrene was diagnosed in 2 patients, and suspected in 1 patient. In all patients with Fournier’s gangrene ultrasound examination revealed marked thickening of testicular coats (more than 15 mm), the accumulation of a small amount of fluid between the testicular coats and in the tunica vaginalis cavity, testicular coats intense hypervascularization; normal blood flow and the unchanged structure of the testes and epididymis. Scrotal emphysema was detected by ultrasound examination in all patients, by the plain radiography and physical examination - in 2 patients. In all cases, ultrasound helped to clarify the cause of Fournier’s gangrene: to reveal anorectal abscesses, acute prostatovesiculitis and exclude acute epididymo-orchitis, scrotal phlegmon and testicular injury. As an illustration Fournier’s gangrene observation, which occurred as an anorectal abscess complication is presented. Ultrasonography allows to confirm the Fournier’s gangrene presumptive diagnosis (to reveal soft tissue of the penis and scrotum emphysema), make differential diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene with other external genitalia and perianal area acute diseases, determine treatment strategy.
Minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in elderly and senile patients
Authors: Omorov R A , Toktosunov A S , Avasov B A
Published: February 2016

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of minilaparotomy access and programmed treatment of cholecystectomy complications in elderly and senile patients.Methods. 160 patients (113 women and 47 men), who underwent surgery in the period from 2010 to 2012 in the departments of surgery at the Municipal clinical hospital №1 (Bishkek), were followed-up. Patients mean age was 68.4±3.5 years. Cholecystectomy and biliodigestive anastomoses were performed using mini-access in all patients. In addition to clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods, ultrasound examination with gallbladder projection detection on the anterior abdominal wall to select surgical approach was used.Results. The surgery results of 160 elderly and senile patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent minilaparotomy cholecystectomy are presented. In 12 (7.5%) patients after cholecystectomy, choledochotomy (or choledochoduodenostomy) was performed to remove stones from the common bile duct; external drainage of the common bile duct by Ker or A.V. Vishnevskiy was performed on 10 of them, and in 2 cases choledochoduodenoanastomosis by Yurash-Vinogradov was imposed. Complications were registered in 9 (5.6%) patients. 1 patient died as a result of pulmonary embolism developed on the 5th day after the surgery. Conversion rate was 5% (8 patients). Treatment of complications was performed by developed and implemented in the clinic algorithm (regional lymphostimulation, breathing exercises, infrared laser irradiation). The average hospital stay of patients without complications was 7.8±0.87 bed-days, and patients with complications - 9.4±0.14 bed-days.Conclusion. Our observations showed the possibility to perform surgery for acute cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients by the minilaparotomy access in case of taking into account patients general condition, following the surgical technique and the active management of the postoperative period.
¿Por qué pensar en la salud de las mujeres?
Authors: Lafaurie Villamil María Mercedes
Published: February 2016

La perspectiva de género lleva a ver la salud a la luz de las diferencias de género, observándose desigualdades que afectan la salud de las mujeres y que son producto de su situación de subordinación en la sociedad. Aspectos como las inequidades sociales, la pobreza, las desigualdades de género, las violencias basadas en género y la  globalización inciden en las condiciones de salud de las mujeres las cuales están fuertemente ligadas a factores estructurales y culturales. En este artículo se presenta un panorama general y se hace hincapié en el caso colombiano.   Como alternativa y de cara a la necesidad de minimizar el malestar y sufrimiento que afectan la salud de las mujeres, se propone el enfoque de la Morbilidad Femenina Diferencial
Diagnóstico virológico de la infección por virus sincitial respiratorio
Authors: Ávila Adarme Leidy Viviana , Castellanos Jaime E.
Published: February 2016

La enfermedad respiratoria aguda se define como un conjunto de infecciones del tracto respiratorio que pueden ser causadas por una gran variedad de microorganismos tanto virales como bacterianos, y que constituyen un importante problema de salud pública en el mundo. La infección por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio (VSR) está catalogada como una de las principales causas de enfermedad respiratoria aguda, presentándose especialmente en niños menores de dos años. La falta de diagnóstico confiable de la etiología en las infecciones respiratorias, da como resultado un manejo inadecuado de los pacientes, lo cual puede originar varios tipos de complicaciones. Por tal razón, en esta revisión de la literatura nos enfocamos en presentar un panorama general de la situación de las infecciones respiratorias debidas a VSR en Latinoamérica y las principales dificultades que se presentan al realizar el diagnostico virológico. Para el caso puntual del VSR debido a que todos los agentes etiológicos producen signos y síntomas similares, estos no pueden ser tomados como referencia para distinguir el agente etiológico asociado, así que, en este trabajo se describen las estrategias para realizar el diagnostico de VSR como por ejemplo los que se encargan de detectar anticuerpos específicos en el suero y también los métodos de detección del virus directamente en la muestra de secreción respiratoria, es decir el aislamiento viral en cultivo celular, la detección de antígenos por fluorescencia y la detección de ácidos nucleicos
Reincidencia de ametropias después de cirugía refractiva con excimer láser
Authors: Rey Rodríguez Diana Valeria
Published: February 2016

La cirugía refractiva es una alternativa para corregir defectos visuales derivados de alteraciones ópticas en el globo ocular; sin embargo el éxito de este procedimiento depende en gran medida de la valoración pre quirúrgica la cual comprende el examen visual y ocular, la condición de salud general, antecedentes y ocupación. Esta valoración determinará el pronóstico visual y refractivo después de la intervención. Dentro de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas para tal fin se encuentran el PRK/LASEK Y LASIK, procedimientos que modifican la estructura corneal mediante ablación en una de sus capas; estas técnicas quirúrgicas son seleccionadas de acuerdo al defecto refractivo y necesidad visual del paciente. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos en materia de cirugía refractiva, existen limitaciones y complicaciones relacionadas con la cicatrización, la biomecánica, la respuesta corneal y las condiciones personales como: el género, la ametropía, la raza, la ocupación, el estilo de vida y la técnica quirúrgica empleada; estos son factores que limitan la previsibilidad de la intervención en cuanto a sobrecorrección, hipocorrección, regresión e inducción de astigmatismo irregular. El presente trabajo pretende a través de la recopilación de estudios realizados sobre el tema, establecer asociación con factores de riesgo y protectores ya descritos por los autores, con el fin de conocer mejor el pronóstico visual y ocular del paciente, así como la probabilidad de reincidencia de ametropías después de transcurrido un tiempo de la intervención
Análisis de la composición química de los cementos tipo MTA y PORTLAND tipo I
Authors: Forero Jorge , Olaya Ana Carolina , Niño Javier Laureano , Cárdenas Juliana , Guevara Andrés Fernando , González Heidy Patricia , Bautista Gloria , Tamayo Martha C.
Published: February 2016

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la composición química de tres cementos: Portland tipo I (CEMEX-Samper®, Cundinamarca, Colombia), Portland tipo I (CEMEX-Diamante®, Ibagué, Colombia) y ProRoot MTA® (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Suiza). Se utilizó una muestra probabilística de 17 pastillas para cada tipo de cemento. El análisis se llevó a cabo con la microsonda EDAX (Mahwah, NJ, USA) del microscopio de barrido electrónico SEM FEI (Quanta 200, Hillsboro, Oregon USA), bajo condiciones estandarizadas de lectura de las muestras Se hicieron cuatro lecturas por muestra, para un subtotal de 68 lecturas por cada tipo de cemento y un total de 208 lecturas. Los resultados se obtuvieron en porcentaje de peso sólido por elemento. Los datos generales fueron analizados por las pruebas ANOVA, comparaciones múltiples de Tukey y t de Student. Se observaron tres elementos comunes entre los tres cementos: Ca, Si y Al, pero se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de los elementos comunes entre el cemento ProRoot MTA® y los cementos Portland I. El Bi solo se encontró en el ProRoot MTA y el S solo se encontró en los cementos Portland tipo I. Se concluye que la composición de los tres cementos es similar. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar el impacto que puede tener, tanto la presencia de S en los cementos Portland I, como la diferencia de concentraciones de los elementos que fueron comunes en los tres cementos en cuanto a biocompatibilidad y efectividad clínica
Aislamiento de metapneumovirus humano (HMPV) a partir de muestras clínicas
Authors: Bernal Lilia Jadith , Castellanos Jaime E.
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una metodología para el aislamiento de una cepa de hMPV a partir de hisopados nasales provenientes de pacientes con sintomatología de enfermedad respiratoria aguda.
Materiales y métodos: A partir de 12 muestras positivas por fluorescencia para hMPV, se hizo la inoculación en células LLCMK2 (epiteliales de riñón de mono Rhesus) con un medio de mantenimiento que contenía tripsina como proteasa. Se evaluó el efecto citopático diario por 10 días y se tomaron células infectadas que se utilizaron para la prueba de fluorescencia y para confirmar la infección. Se utilizó RT-PCR para corroborar la presencia del virus.
Resultados: En 8 de las 12 muestras procesadas, se logró aislar el hMPV, confirmándose la infección por fluorescencia y RT-PCR
Conclusiones: A pesar de ser un virus de crecimiento lento y difícil de aislar según los reportes, en este trabajo se logró aislar el hMPV a partir de muestras clínicas frescas, lo cual resulta de gran utilidad en futuros estudios sobre la patogénesis de la infección respiratoria
METODE PERHITUNGAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL PADA PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Studi pada PT Bank Syariah Mandiri)
Authors: Zakiy Faris Shalahuddin , Athief Fauzul Hanif Noor
Published: February 2016

Salah satu produk yang dikeluarkan oleh perbankan syariah adalah produk
pembiayaan. Produk pembiayaan tersebut menggunakan akad murabahah.
Profit yang didapatkan dari akad murabahah adalah dari margin keuntungan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan praktik murabahah dan perhi-tungan penentuan harga jual pada pembiayaan konsumtif di Bank Syariah
Mandiri. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan
deskriptif. Teknis analisa data yang digunakan dengan metode studi kasus.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik pembiayaan konsumtif menggu-nakan akad murabahah wal wakalah. Kemudian metode penentuan harga
jual pada pembiayaan konsumtif ini menggunakan metode annuitas. Metode
perhitungan tersebut sesuai dengan metode yang dipaparkan oleh Karim
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DAN UNIT USAHA SYARIAH DENGAN METODE CAMELS DAN RGEC
Authors: Fortrania Lotus Mega , Oktaviana Ulfi Kartika
Published: February 2016

Banking should always be assessed health to stay fit in serving the customers,
the Bank that classified unhealthy can inflict the bank institution itself and of
the others, namely the customers of the bank. To assess a health bank can be
viewed from various aspects of assessment, this research aimed to determine
whether the bank is in a very healthy, healthy, healthy enough, less healthy or
unhealthy. There were several methods that can be used to assess or analyze
the health of the banking, namely CAMEL, CAMELS and RGEC. This research
was a quantitative research, with descriptive approach. The data used was
secondary data on 34 banking companies consisted of 11 companies of Syaria
public banks and 23 companies of Syaria business units. Analysis conducted
in this study was to use the calculation of financial ratios that have been set by
the financial services authority. The results showed that the health level of
Syaria public Bank and Syaria Business Unit with using CAMELS method and
RGEC showed health predicate of the bank in accordance with the standards
set by Bank Indonesia, for the period 2011 can be concluded that the Syaria
public Banks and Sharia Business Unit of composite rankings ”HEALT”, the
period of 2012 with the conclusion of composite rating ”HEALT”, and for the
period of 2013 with the conclusion of composite rating ”HEALT”. RGEC
method can be said to be better than in the two previous methods, namely
CAMELS and CAMEL, through RGEC, BI (Bank Indonesia) wanted banks to
be able to identify problems early, performed the appropriate and faster follow-up improvements, and implemented Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and
better risk management so banks will be more resilient in the face of crisis
Transitioning From Blackboard To Moodle - Course Management Software: Faculty And Student Opinions
Authors: Payette Dennis L. , Gupta Rakesh
Published: February 2016

Colleges and universities have increasingly invested in specialized software and hardware designed to enhance and facilitate the instructional process for faculty and students. One type of technological assistance is commonly known as course management software (CMS). Once learned, these CMS packages can greatly enhance and enrich the classroom experience and provide internet based access to course materials, assignments, grades, supplementary materials, such as quizzes, PPTs, and study aids. Like all moderately complex software packages (Blackboard is proprietary software and Moodle is open source software), there is a learning curve involved in mastering the functionality of each CMS. This paper examines the process of changing from one type of CMS (Blackboard) to another (Moodle). Faulty (FT & PT) and students (graduate & undergraduate) were surveyed to obtain opinions about the transition from one CMS system to another. The goal is to identify issues that may be addressed by targeted training and insights which would improve the transition process.
Experiential Learning: A Course Design Process For Critical Thinking
Authors: Hamilton Janet G. , Klebba Joanne M.
Published: February 2016

This article describes a course design process to improve the effectiveness of using experiential learning techniques to foster critical thinking skills. The authors examine prior research to identify essential dimensions of experiential learning in relation to higher order thinking. These dimensions provide key insights for the selection of experiential techniques within a course. Using these dimensions, the authors propose a course design process to systematically develop an experiential course format that aligns with instructor-specified content and critical thinking objectives. This process is relevant to educators interested in developing critical thinking skills and may serve to promote more effective student learning.
Online, Instructional Television And Traditional Delivery: Student Characteristics And Success Factors In Business Statistics
Authors: Dotterweich Douglas P. , Rochelle Carolyn F.
Published: February 2016

Distance education has surged in recent years while research on student characteristics and factors leading to successful outcomes has not kept pace. This study examined characteristics of regional university students in undergraduate Business Statistics and factors linked to their success based on three modes of delivery - Online, Instructional Television (ITV), and Traditional classroom. The three groups were found to have similar GPAs prior to taking their statistics courses. Online students were more likely to be repeating the course, to have earned more credit hours prior to enrolling, and to be significantly older. Ordinary Least Squares regression identified GPA and % absences (or an effort proxy) as highly significant predictors of course performance. Academic advisors are encouraged to suggest a traditional format to students who are repeating the course and to caution students that previous online coursework may produce expectations that are not appropriate for online courses in statistics.
Web-Based Testing: Exploring The Relationship Between Hardware Usability And Test Performance
Authors: Huff Kyle , Cline Melinda , Guynes Carl S.
Published: February 2016

Web-based testing has recently become common in both academic and professional settings. A web-based test is administered through a web browser. Individuals may complete a web-based test at nearly any time and at any place. In addition, almost any computer lab can become a testing center. It is important to understand the environmental issues that may influence test performance. This study furthers our understanding of web-based testing. The research is conducted using an experimental method with 220 undergraduate student participants in an academic environment. Test performance effects are examined based on administration environment, computer hardware configuration, and distractions. Results indicate that minor differences in hardware configurations may have a significant effect on test results.
The Use Of Social Media In Building Interest In Wellness On A College Campus
Authors: Field Joseph A. , Elbert Dennis J. , Moser Steven B.
Published: February 2016

The usage of social media networks, such as websites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, had become the number one activity on the internet by 2010. The sweeping increase in usage led organizations to explore the marketing possibilities the networks offered. The turning point occurred when organizations began to ask whether it was feasible to use social media networks as a primary marketing strategy and reduce or ultimately replace traditional marketing efforts. A pilot project focused on a marketing plan that was implemented at a student fitness center, using social media networks as the primary marketing strategy.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Audio In Hybrid Courses
Authors: Ball Daniel R. , Mosca Joseph B. , Paul, III David P.
Published: February 2016

The prevalence of either completely online or hybrid courses has continued to increase over the past decade, but properly designing the delivery mode of these courses remains a challenge. Whereas fully online institutions of higher education may focus on a purely online delivery format, more traditional colleges and universities have the challenge of balancing online and traditional classroom instruction using the hybrid course format. Whereas basic hybrid courses may have relied more on visual aids of instruction, this paper focuses on the effectiveness of enhancing these hybrid courses with audio lectures. Hybrid courses were created using PowerPoint slides consisting of a mix of visual and audio instructional delivery modes, and student surveys were subsequently administered at the conclusion of the semester to determine the ultimate effectiveness of audio enhancements. This paper presents the details of this case study, the corresponding statistical analyses and interpretations, and general concluding recommendations for audio-enhanced course design. Overall, the addition of the audio component to the hybrid course structure made the hybrid course experience more effective, increased the likelihood that the students would take or recommend future hybrid courses that contained audio enhancements, and made it more likely that the students would prefer a hybrid course to a traditional classroom-only course. Continued research is necessary to provide a more active learning experience and class community during the online components, and synergistically utilize classroom time more effectively to truly capture the benefits of both online and traditional instruction using the audio-enhanced hybrid course format.
Increasing Student Responsibility And Active Learning In An Undergraduate Capstone Finance Course
Authors: Nelson David , Bianco Candy
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the effectiveness of factors in designing and delivering a complex, capstone course in an undergraduate major in finance. The course uses an instructional delivery system that is contrasted to the standard lecture format and has a broader set of objectives than is usually specified for a finance course. An objective of the instructional design of the course is to harness student responsibility while making them more active participants in the delivery of the content. The goal is to equip them to solve the typical non-structured problems they will deal with in their professional careers. The effect of these factors is measured by analyzing this course compared to all other finance courses taken. The outcomes of this paper show that this method is superior to the standard lecture method across a variety of scales. This provides insight into the future development of this method for this type of course, as well as ideas for developing other advanced instructional delivery systems for similar complex courses.
Educating The Next Generation Of Business Students
Authors: Wailoo B. , John S.
Published: February 2016

Business students take courses in Financial Accounting where they learn the basic financial statements and how to present and analyze them. Accounting majors immediately experience a frustrating situation as they continue their studies with the Intermediate Accounting I course. Practicing accountants realize when they attend continuing education courses that understanding how to apply accounting concepts/theory is difficult. Other business majors may not experience the same frustration until they start their careers and find difficulty applying what they learned in Financial Accounting on the job. The authors argue that in all the above cases, including the use of acronyms in solving accounting problems is a critical teaching strategy for all business majors.
Online Course Evaluations Response Rates
Authors: Guder Faruk , Malliaris Mary
Published: February 2016

This paper studies the reasons for low response rates in online evaluations. Survey data are collected from the students to understand factors that might affect student participation in the course evaluation process. When course evaluations were opened to the student body, an email announcement was sent to all students, and a reminder email was sent a week later. Our study showed that participation rates increased not only when emails were sent, but also when faculty used in-class time to emphasize the importance of completing the evaluations.
Characteristics Shaping College Student Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: LeBlanc Cary J.
Published: February 2016

This study explored the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in relation to undergraduate college students. The extensive research on OCB within traditional work environments indicates that while workers who demonstrate OCB usually receive more favorable performance evaluations, those behaviors also help build community and culture within the organization. This study expands the extant research by examining OCB of college students, where very few studies exist. For this research 490 undergraduate students completed an online survey, where we looked to identify correlations between OCB and four variables: gender, year in school, religious practice, and major. The statistically significant correlation between three of these variables and OCB will help faculty and student life staff identify and encourage OCB in their students. It will also help students be more successful in school, help prepare them for careers, while also enriching the college community.
Asset Attribution Stability And Portfolio Construction: An Educational Example
Authors: Chong James T. , Jennings William P. , Phillips G. Michael
Published: February 2016

This paper illustrates how a third statistic from asset pricing models, the R-squared statistic, may have information that can help in portfolio construction. Using a traditional CAPM model in comparison to an 18-factor Arbitrage Pricing Style Model, a portfolio separation test is conducted. Portfolio returns and risk metrics are compared using data from the Dow Jones 30 stocks over the period January 2007 through October 2013. Various teaching points are discussed and illustrated.
Annual Percentage Rate And Annual Effective Rate: Resolving Confusion In Intermediate Accounting Textbooks
Authors: Vicknair David , Wright Jeffrey
Published: February 2016

Evidence of confusion in intermediate accounting textbooks regarding the annual percentage rate (APR) and annual effective rate (AER) is presented. The APR and AER are briefly discussed in the context of a note payable and correct formulas for computing each is provided. Representative examples of the types of confusion that we found is presented and evaluated.