bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscous Diffusion Effects in the Eigenanalysis of (Hybridisable) DG Methods
Authors: Moura Rodrigo C. , Fernandez Pablo , Mengaldo Gianmarco , Sherwin Spencer J.
Published: August 2020

We present the first eigenanalysis of hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) schemes for the advection-diffusion equation in one dimension. This study is also one of the first to include viscous diffusion effects in the eigenanalysis of discontinuous spectral element methods. The interplay between upwind dissipation and viscous diffusion is discussed and preliminary insights deemed relevant to (under-resolved) turbulence computation approaches are presented.
A Review of Regular Decompositions of Vector Fields: Continuous, Discrete, and Structure-Preserving
Authors: Hiptmair Ralf , Pechstein Clemens
Published: August 2020

We elaborate so-called regular decompositions of vector fields on a three-dimensional Lipschitz domain where the field and its rotation/divergence belong to L2 and where the tangential/normal component of the field vanishes on a sufficiently smooth “Dirichlet” part of the boundary. We impose no restrictions on the topology of the domain, its boundary, or the Dirichlet boundary parts.

The field is split into a regular vector field, whose Cartesian components lie in H1 and vanish on the Dirichlet boundary, and a remainder contained in the kernel of the rotation/divergence operator. The decomposition is proved to be stable not only in the natural norms, but also with respect to the L2 norm. Besides, for special cases of mixed boundary conditions, we show the existence of H1-regular potentials that characterize the range of the rotation and divergence operator.

We conclude with results on discrete counterparts of regular decompositions for spaces of low-order discrete differential forms on simplicial meshes. Essentially, all results for function spaces carry over, though local correction terms may be necessary. These discrete regular decompositions have become an important tool in finite element exterior calculus (FEEC) and for the construction of preconditioners.
Spectral Galerkin Method for Solving Helmholtz and Laplace Dirichlet Problems on Multiple Open Arcs
Authors: Jerez-Hanckes Carlos , Pinto José
Published: August 2020

We present a spectral numerical scheme for solving Helmholtz and Laplace problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions on an unbounded non-Lipschitz domain
$$\mathbb {R}^2 \backslash \overline {\Gamma }$$

ℝ

2

∖

Γ

¯

, where Γ is a finite collection of open arcs. Through an indirect method, a first kind formulation is derived whose variational form is discretized using weighted Chebyshev polynomials. This choice of basis allows for exponential convergence rates under smoothness assumptions. Moreover, by implementing a simple compression algorithm, we are able to efficiently account for large numbers of arcs as well as a wide wavenumber range.
An hp-Adaptive Iterative Linearization Discontinuous-Galerkin FEM for Quasilinear Elliptic Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Houston Paul , Wihler Thomas P.
Published: August 2020

In this article we consider the a posteriori error analysis of hp-version discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for the numerical solution of a second-order quasilinear elliptic boundary value problem of strongly monotone type. In particular, we employ and analyze a practical solution scheme based on exploiting a discrete Kačanov iterative linearization. The resulting a posteriori error bound explicitly takes into account the three sources of error: discretization, linearization, and linear solver errors. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the practical performance of the proposed hp-adaptive refinement strategy.
Erosion Wear Evaluation Using Nektar+ +
Authors: Mejía Manuel F. , Serson Douglas , Moura Rodrigo C. , Carmo Bruno S. , Escobar-Vargas Jorge , González-Mancera Andrés
Published: August 2020

Erosion wear is the loss of mass on the surface of a solid body in contact with a moving fluid. When the fluid under study has solid particulate material or sediments, the erosion could be significant (Kulu and Kleis, Solid particle erosion: occurrence, prediction and control. Springer, London, 2008; Karimi and Schmid, Wear 156(1):33–47, 1992). Several studies (Karimi and Schmid, Wear 156(1):33–47, 1992; Neopane and Cervantes, Global J Res Eng Mech Mech Eng 11:17–26, 2011; Zeng et al., Proc IMechE 231(3):182–196, 2017; Padhy and Saini, Energy 39(1):286–293, 2012; Bajracharya et al., Wear 264(3–4):177–184, 2008; Kumar and Saini, Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(1):374–383, 2010; Xiao et al., J Hydrodyn B 19(3):356–364, 2007; Zhu et al., Nucl Eng Des 273:396–411, 2014; Chongji et al., IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 22(5):052019, 2014; Finnie and Kabil, Wear 8(1):60–69, 1965; Finnie, Wear 3(2):87–103, 1960; Finnie, Wear 19(1): 81–90, 1972) have been developed to investigate this phenomenon. Nevertheless, few attention has been paid to influence of small eddies during the erosion process, limiting the accuracy of the results in the simulation. The use of spectral element methods can allow increasing accuracy in the simulation due to the potential to consider these smaller scales.To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no work that uses high order methods to evaluate erosion wear rate. This research aim is to assess the impact of higher resolution methods on the prediction of erosion wear rate and distribution. Nektar+ + is a framework to solve partial differential equations using spectral/hp element method (Cantwell et al., Comput Phys Commun 192:205–219, 2015). This work presents a methodology to model erosion wear in Nektar+ +, with the creation of two modules. The first one is for the particle tracking evaluation and the record of impact on the walls of interest. The second one implements the Hutchings and Finnie models (Finnie, Wear 3(2):87–103, 1960; Finnie, Wear 19(1):81–90, 1972; Padhy and Saini, Renew Sust Energ Rev 12(7):1974–1987, 2008; Dutta, Bulle-effect and its implications for morphodynamics of river diversions. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017) to predict the material removal rate as a function of the velocity and the angle of impact of each particle, the particle diameter and density, and the hardness relationship between particles and the wall. At the end, the particles trajectories and erosion distribution on walls are obtained. To assess effectiveness of the methodology a Backward Facing Step was investigate and the erosion patterns were found.
DIRK Schemes with High Weak Stage Order
Authors: Ketcheson David I. , Seibold Benjamin , Shirokoff David , Zhou Dong
Published: August 2020

Runge-Kutta time-stepping methods in general suffer from order reduction: the observed order of convergence may be less than the formal order when applied to certain stiff problems. Order reduction can be avoided by using methods with high stage order. However, diagonally-implicit Runge-Kutta (DIRK) schemes are limited to low stage order. In this paper we explore a weak stage order criterion, which for initial boundary value problems also serves to avoid order reduction, and which is compatible with a DIRK structure. We provide specific DIRK schemes of weak stage order up to 3, and demonstrate their performance in various examples.
Scheme for Evolutionary Navier-Stokes-Fourier System with Temperature Dependent Material Properties Based on Spectral/hp Elements
Authors: Pech Jan
Published: August 2020

The computational algorithm for evolutionary Navier-Stokes-Fourier system with temperature dependent material properties (density, viscosity and thermal conductivity) is presented and tested. As a consequence of the thermal expansion, the velocity field is not divergence free. The system fully couples the momentum balance with non-linear advection-diffusion equation for temperature. The model is suitable for low speed flow simulations of the Newtonian, calorically perfect fluid, which obeys Fourier law. The algorithm is an extension of a well known semi-implicit scheme for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variable formulation. Performance is tested on manufactured solution, what gives an overview to the temporal convergence. Comparison with experimental data is also presented.
Implicit Large Eddy Simulations for NACA0012 Airfoils Using Compressible and Incompressible Discontinuous Galerkin Solvers
Authors: Ferrer Esteban , Manzanero Juan , Rueda-Ramirez Andres M. , Rubio Gonzalo , Valero Eusebio
Published: August 2020

We present implicit Large Eddy Simulations for NACA0012 airfoils at various Reynolds numbers (Re = 1 × 104, Re = 1 × 105 and Re = 1 × 106) and Angles of Attack (0∘≤ AoA ≤ 10∘) using two discontinuous Galerkin formulations. On the one hand, we use a compressible solver based on a nodal DGSEM formulation and supplemented with a stabilising split-form formulation (Pirozzoli) and Roe interface fluxes. On the other hand, we use an incompressible DG-Fourier formulation that uses the interior penalty parameter to provide localised dissipation. Both solvers enable high order computations by varying the polynomial order inside mesh elements, which are here set to P = 3 and P = 4. We provide results of aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions using both solvers to show how they are able to provide under-resolved flows that agree well with experimental data and well established solvers (Xfoil or Ansys-Fluent).
An Explicit Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the 3D Time-Domain Maxwell Equations
Authors: Nehmetallah Georges , Lanteri Stéphane , Descombes Stéphane , Christophe Alexandra
Published: August 2020

We present an explicit hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for numerically solving the system of three-dimensional (3D) time-domain Maxwell equations. The method is fully explicit similarly to classical so-called DGTD (Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain) methods, is also high-order accurate in both space and time and can be seen as a generalization of the classical DGTD scheme based on upwind fluxes. We provide numerical results aiming at assessing its numerical convergence properties by considering a model problem and we present some results of the superconvergence property on the Hcurl norm.
Iterative Spectral Mollification and Conjugation for Successive Edge Detection
Authors: Tuzun Robert E. , Jung Jae-Hun
Published: August 2020

Fourier concentration method is a well-established method for finding edges given a set of truncated Fourier data. However, it is hard to distinguish weak jumps from the Gibbs oscillations with the method unless the concentration is highly refined locally. In this note, we show that it is possible to find all edges whether strong or weak by using the method iteratively. The iterative method first finds strong edges followed by an iterative procedure in which previously found edges are smoothed by local adaptive mollifier. The iterative method is advantageous when the ratio of the largest to smallest jump magnitudes is significantly large.
Small Trees for High Order Whitney Elements
Authors: Rodríguez Ana Alonso , Rapetti Francesca
Published: August 2020

In applied computations the need arises to define, for example, a discrete field with assigned curl or to represent a div-free field in a given discrete space. In the low degree case this need is often fulfilled by employing tree and co-tree techniques. The definition of tree and co-tree is thus revisited here in the frame of high order Whitney element reconstructions. We consider the case of fields that are reconstructed in a contractible polyhedral domain
$$\varOmega \in \mathbb R^3$$

Ω
∈

ℝ

3

, with connected boundary ∂Ω, starting from their weights over suitable “small simplices” in a simplicial mesh
$${\mathcal M}$$

ℳ
of the domain
$$\bar \varOmega $$

Ω

̄

.
On the Convergence Rate of Hermite-Fejér Interpolation
Authors: Xiang Shuhuang , He Guo
Published: August 2020

By the Peano kernel theorem, this paper establishes the convergence rates for Hermite-Fejér interpolation with the observed function values and its first derivatives at Gauss-Jacobi pointsystems. These error bounds share that for a function analytic in the Bernstein ellipse
$$\mathcal {E}_{\rho }$$

ℰ

ρ

, the error decays exponentially; while for a functions of finite regularity, the error decays depending on the regularity.
Fifth-Order Finite-Volume WENO on Cylindrical Grids
Authors: Shadab Mohammad Afzal , Ji Xing , Xu Kun
Published: August 2020

Fifth-order finite-volume WENO is proposed for a structured grid in cylindrical coordinates. The derivation of linear weights, optimal weights uses a polynomial approximation in a dimension-by-dimension framework, implemented with the local conservation property. Finally, a Vandermonde-like system is obtained, which can be solved for linear weights on both regularly-spaced and irregularly-spaced grids in cylindrical coordinates, where the analytical relations can be derived for the former. In addition, a grid-independent formulation for evaluating the smoothness indicators is derived by minimizing the L2-norm of the derivatives of reconstruction polynomial. The scheme converges to WENO-JS for the limiting case (R →∞).

A linear stability analysis of the proposed reconstruction scheme is performed using a 1D scalar advection equation in cylindrical-radial coordinates. Several tests are performed to assess the performance of the proposed scheme. The results indicate that WENO-Curvilinear significantly improves the results when compared with the previous methods.
Greedy Kernel Methods for Center Manifold Approximation
Authors: Haasdonk Bernard , Hamzi Boumediene , Santin Gabriele , Wittwar Dominik
Published: August 2020

For certain dynamical systems it is possible to significantly simplify the study of stability by means of the center manifold theory. This theory allows to isolate the complicated asymptotic behavior of the system close to a non-hyperbolic equilibrium point, and to obtain meaningful predictions of its behavior by analyzing a reduced dimensional problem. Since the manifold is usually not known, approximation methods are of great interest to obtain qualitative estimates. In this work, we use a data-based greedy kernel method to construct a suitable approximation of the manifold close to the equilibrium. The data are collected by repeated numerical simulation of the full system by means of a high-accuracy solver, which generates sets of discrete trajectories that are then used to construct a surrogate model of the manifold. The method is tested on different examples which show promising performance and good accuracy.
HPS Accelerated Spectral Solvers for Time Dependent Problems: Part I, Algorithms
Authors: Babb Tracy , Martinsson Per-Gunnar , Appelö Daniel
Published: August 2020

A high-order convergent numerical method for solving linear and non-linear parabolic PDEs is presented. The time-stepping is done via an explicit, singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (ESDIRK) method of order 4 or 5, and for the implicit solve, we use the recently developed “Hierarchial Poincaré–Steklov (HPS)” method. The HPS method combines a multidomain spectral collocation discretization technique (a “patching method”) with a nested-dissection type direct solver. In the context under consideration, the elliptic solve required in each time-step involves the same coefficient matrix, which makes the use of a direct solver particularly effective. In this chapter is the first in a two part sequence; the first part describes the methodology, the second part presents numerical experiments.
Introduction: The Pirate as a Figure of Crisis and Legitimacy
Authors: Ganser Alexandra
Published: August 2020

The introductory section begins with a brief account of the role of piracy in transatlantic popular culture from the early modern times to the nineteenth century as well as a semantic contextualization of piracy as a political and historical legal categorization. It presents a theoretical discussion about piracy in the context of historical scenarios of crisis, followed by a critical debate about the romance with piracy that has characterized much scholarship on this figure. In addition, it includes an outline of the chapters and a section on its method, inspired by Edward Said’s contrapuntal reading approach.
Pirate Narratives and the Revolutionary Atlantic in the Early Republic and the Antebellum Period
Authors: Ganser Alexandra
Published: August 2020

In this chapter, piracy is explored in the context of the (post-)revolutionary Atlantic. It demonstrates how at the moment of the political declaration of independence, in which the crisis of colonial legitimacy was performatively resolved, the sign of piracy was externalized by the claim that the British monarch was a pirate and that the future U.S. thus had a natural right to independence. The chapter examines how historical romances in early American literature (such as Cooper’s The Red Rover) adapted Byronic images of piracy in tales of the revolution, appropriating the pirate as a foundational figure and an ideal type of patriotic outlaw masculinity. Even in narrating the crisis in gender relations, as revolutionary femininities gave way to Republican motherhood and the “cult of true womanhood” in the nineteenth century, revolutionary pirates were prominent figures in popular literary production geared towards an increasingly female readership, as in Lt. Murray’s Fanny Campbell (1844/1845). Former revolutionary heroines (here in the form of a patriotic female pirate) were domesticated in such historical romance-novelettes to make palpable the ongoing transition to a more conservative feminine ideal.
Ethical Considerations in Crowdfunding
Authors: Shneor Rotem , Torjesen Stina
Published: August 2020

The current chapter addresses ethical issues in crowdfunding practice from a multiple stakeholder perspective. It draws on ethical principles outlined in both classical and business-specific approaches. The discussion first presents classical approaches to ethical decision making. It then discusses whether crowdfunding presents an ethical solution or a source of ethical problems. Later, it suggests a framework presenting a classification of potential ethical dilemmas and pitfalls in crowdfunding practice, as well as potential means for addressing them. The discussion concludes with concrete implications for crowdfunding ethics research and practice.
Legal Institutions, Social Capital, and Financial Crowdfunding: A Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Cai Wanxiang , Polzin Friedemann , Stam Erik
Published: August 2020

In recent years, financial crowdfunding for entrepreneurship has experienced exponential growth. Because financial crowdfunding involves a range of risks, it requires comprehensive governance mechanisms. In the entrepreneurial finance literature, both legal institutions and social capital have been discussed in order to address the risks in financial markets. This chapter builds a three-level stylized model to explain how legal institutions and social capital at macro, meso, and micro levels affect the performance of crowdfunding campaigns and the development of the financial crowdfunding market. We explicitly highlight the role of platforms in enforcing laws and building social capital at both meso and micro levels, which has been neglected in extant perspectives on the development of the crowdfunding market, and we develop corresponding propositions.
Der Fragetyp STACK
Authors: Weigel Miriam
Published: August 2020

Das Plug-in STACK (System for Teaching and Assessment using a Computer algebra Kernel) wurde ursprünglich 2004 von Chris Sangwin (University of Edinburgh) für das Lernmanagementsystem (LMS) Moodle erstellt. Im Jahr 2013 wurde STACK dann im Auftrag von optes von Fred Neumann und Jesus Copado (FAU Erlangen) für das LMS ILIAS implementiert.
E-Klausur-Infrastruktur mit ILIAS
Authors: Sandal Cüneyt , Daniel Manfred
Published: August 2020

E-Klausuren werden an der DHBW Karlsruhe mit dem Lernmanagementsystem (LMS) ILIAS umgesetzt. Hierzu mussten prozess- und technikbezogene Entscheidungen getroffen werden unter Berücksichtigung von Rahmenbedingungen der Hochschule. Im folgenden Abschnitt wird der E-Klausuren-Prozess aus technischer Sicht dargestellt, dabei wird die gewählte Infrastruktur in Abgrenzung zu möglichen Alternativen dargestellt.
Curriculum
Authors: Hübl Reinhold , Derr Katja , Huckenbeck Ulrich , Mechelke-Schwede Edith , Obermayr David , Weigel Miriam
Published: August 2020

Während über die Relevanz der Grundlagenmathematik für den Studienerfolg in MINT-Fächern weitgehend Konsens besteht, ist die Frage, welche mathematischen Inhalte diese Grundlagenmathematik ausmachen, deutlich schwieriger zu beantworten. Entsprechend stellte die Entscheidung über die Lerninhalte und den Umfang des optes-Kurs-Curriculums eine große Herausforderung dar.
Lernmodule Grundlagenmathematik
Authors: Derr Katja , Hübl Reinhold , Huckenbeck Ulrich , Mechelke-Schwede Edith , Obermayr David , Weigel Miriam
Published: August 2020

Kern des didaktischen Konzepts von optes ist die Nutzerführung über Tests und Übungsaufgaben. Da sich die Vorkenntnisse der Kursteilnehmer*innen sehr stark unterscheiden, wird mit diagnostischen Selbsttests gearbeitet, die den Lernenden helfen, das Kursmaterial vorzustrukturieren und Auswahlentscheidungen zu treffen (siehe auch Kapitel 9). Jedem Lernziel in einem LoK (siehe Kapitel 14) ist ein Lernmodul zugeordnet, das die Hintergrundinformationen liefert, die zur Erreichung des Lernziels benötigt werden.
Digitales, begleitetes Selbststudium
Authors: Paul Daria , Schmidt Christian , Reinmann Gabi , Marquardt Victoria
Published: August 2020

Beim Begriff „Selbststudium“ handelt es sich genauer betrachtet um einen Pleonasmus, denn wer studiert, muss dies – in jedem denkbaren Lernsetting – genau genommen immer selbst tun. Trotzdem hat sich der Begriff in der Hochschullehre etabliert, um den selbstgesteuerten und selbstorganisierten Anteil der Studiertätigkeit hervorzuheben, welcher seit der Bologna-Reform (1999) auch formal durch die Vergabe von Credit Points berücksichtigt wird (Kleß 2017).
Projekt- und Wissensmanagement in Verbundprojekten
Authors: Ivanova Albena , Kölle Alexandra , Magdanz Nina , Schreiber Anne
Published: August 2020

Ein Projekt kennzeichnet sich meist als ein innovatives, bereichsübergreifendes, zeitlich begrenztes sowie ergebnisorientiertes Vorhaben (Kuster et al. 2019, S. 4). Neben inhaltlichen Zielen und fachlichen Auseinandersetzungen fallen auch administrative und strukturelle Aufgaben an. Größere Projektvorhaben, die aus zwei oder mehreren (gleichberechtigten) Partnern bestehen, werden oftmals im Projektverbund organisiert.
Projektergebnisse als freie Bildungsinhalte (OER)
Authors: Kunkel Matthias
Published: August 2020

Der Zuschlag für die Projektförderung 2012 versetzte die an optes beteiligten Hochschulen in die angenehme Lage, in den folgenden Jahren Maßnahmen für die Verbesserung der Mathematik-Kenntnisse ihrer angehenden Studierenden in den verschiedenen MINT-Fächern entwickeln und umzusetzen zu können. Die in optes zu erstellenden Materialien und Dokumente würden aber mit Sicherheit auch für andere Hochschulen, die keine entsprechende Förderung erhielten, von Interesse sein. Deshalb wurde schon im Projektantrag ein Teilprojekt „Dissemination“ festgelegt. Dessen Hauptaufgabe war es, alle Projektergebnisse interessierten Dritten bereitzustellen.
Möglichkeiten der Dissemination in einem Verbundprojekt
Authors: Köhler Daniel
Published: August 2020

Die im optes-Verbundprojekt entwickelten propädeutischen Angebote wurden in erster Linie für die zum Verbundprojekt zugehörigen Hochschulen mit dem Ziel entwickelt, die Studienabbruchquoten bei Studienanfänger*innen insbesondere bei MINT-Studiengängen durch die Nacharbeitung fehlender Mathematikkenntnisse zu senken.
Studien-Mathematikvorbereitung
Authors: Derr Katja , Hübl Reinhold , Huckenbeck Ulrich , Mechelke-Schwede Edith , Obermayr David , Weigel Miriam
Published: August 2020

Ausgangssituation des Projekts optes war, dass viele angehende Studierende nicht ausreichend auf die Anforderungen eines (MINT-)Studiums vorbereitet sind: Einerseits fachlich, und zwar im Bereich der Grundlagenmathematik, andererseits überfachlich, also in Bezug auf die Fähigkeit, selbstständig und zielorientiert zu lernen. Auch acht Jahre nach Projektstart hat dieser Befund seine Gültigkeit: Lückenhaftes Wissen und fehlende Routine führen dazu, dass viele Studienanfänger*innen Probleme haben, den Vorlesungen im ersten Semester zu folgen. Wissensdefizite können sich so in kurzer Zeit aufsummieren und den Studienerfolg gefährden.
Klassifizierung mathematischer Handlungsaspekte im optes-Vorkurs
Authors: Roos Anna-Katharina , Weigand Hans-Georg , Wörler Jan Franz
Published: August 2020

Welches mathematische Wissen und Können, welche Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten benötigen Studierende eines technischen Studiengangs? Welche Definitionen mathematischer Begriffe sollten sie kennen, welche Rechenverfahren richtig anwenden können, welche mathematischen Beweise sollten sie wiedergeben, nachvollziehen oder selbst finden können? Diese Fragen standen am Anfang der Erstellung des optes-Onlinekurses Mathematik.
BRiTE Mind: Introducing Mindfulness to Cultivate Personal and Professional Resilience in Teachers
Authors: Correia Helen
Published: August 2020

Mindfulness in education has gained increasing focus over the last decade. Various programmes have been developed for students, teachers and principals, in efforts to improve well-being and resilience in the face of increasing demands and stressors. With teachers often at the forefront of these demands, mindfulness offers the potential to support personal and professional resilience, through enhanced self-awareness, supporting well-being and developing mindful relationships. This chapter describes the development of an online module introducing mindfulness to pre-service teachers, specifically integrating concepts underpinning resilience as outlined in the BRiTE programme. Key elements of mindfulness are explored including mindful attention in the present moment, awareness of emotion and cultivating mindful attitudes, such as compassion. These are applied specifically to teacher experiences to support conscious and mindful action, for personal well-being, and in the classroom.
Practical Applications for Building Teacher WellBeing in Education
Authors: Falecki Daniela , Mann Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

UNESCO states the world must recruit 69 million new teachers to reach the 2030 educational goals, but unfortunately, 80% of the current teachers are considering leaving the profession. Teachers are the greatest resource in education and therefore, must be given opportunities to learn skills in resilience to ensure the profession’s sustainability. This chapter will highlight the threats to teacher wellbeing and resilience and suggest skills, strategies and practices to support the wellbeing of teachers in schools. Given the increasing burnout and attrition rates of teachers, it seems reasonable to suggest that the same careful planning that goes into developing student wellbeing programmes should be applied in the development of teacher wellbeing programmes. Through the research of Positive Psychology, this chapter explores evidence-based interventions teachers can learn to develop protective factors to buffer against excessive stress. We explore the application of positive psychology in the workplace and the need for professional learning to focus on the development of the Psychological Capital of our teachers. This includes building their inner HERO with hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism.
‘Head’ First: Principal Self-care to Promote Teacher Resilience
Authors: Klap Johanne , MacCallum Judith , Mansfield Caroline F.
Published: August 2020

As leaders of school communities, principals have a significant impact on school culture and teachers’ well-being at work. A school principal’s positive or negative emotions can influence the mood of their teaching staff and can enhance or hinder a teacher’s resilience. Unfortunately, though, many school principals suffer from their own high levels of stress, emotional exhaustion and fatigue-related issues, whilst concurrently being tasked with the responsibility and management of the well-being of their staff. In this chapter, we explore the role of mindfulness and self-care in promoting resilience as a way for school principals to meet the challenges of their role. Principals who are mindful and employ self-compassion are better placed and more resilient to positively impact others and flourish in their role. Leadership does matter and ensuring that we address leaders’ well-being and resilience will mean they will be better equipped to engender resilience in their staff.
Resilience Building for Pre-service Teachers: BRiTE, Micro-Teaching and Augmented Reality/Simulation (BRiTE-AR)
Authors: Ledger Susan
Published: August 2020

Initial teacher education predominately spends time preparing student teachers to plan, teach and assess the cognitive and social development of children within the classroom. Yet, the role of a teacher expands well beyond classroom experiences and at times includes conflict and stressful situations. How do ITE programs cater for these critical learning incidences? Augmented realities such as ‘human in the loop’ simulation and virtual learning environments provide current ITE programs a solution to this contemporary need and context. This paper is underpinned conceptually by Pedagogies of Practice: representation, decomposition and approximations actualised through new technologies, reflective practice strategies and challenging learning experiences. The interconnectivity between BRiTE modules (representations), Microteaching 2.0 (decomposition) and Simlab™ experiences (approximation) provides a unique approach that supports the development of resilience for our future teacher educators. The findings reveal an increased self-efficacy amongst the cohort and personal confidence in their own resilience capabilities. The reflective practice strategies embedded in the BRiTE-AR pedagogy of practices are offered as a possible solution to ITE educators interested in developing resilience in our future teachers.
Understanding and Examining Teacher Resilience from Multiple Perspectives
Authors: Beltman Susan
Published: August 2020

In this chapter, I argue that differing conceptualisations of the construct of resilience shape and enrich the research questions and methodology used to examine it. In addition, the conceptual focus has implications for questions such as whose responsibility it is for the development of resilience. Research conducted within two Australian projects,Keeping CoolandBRiTE(Building Resilience in Teacher Education) is used as an illustration of the impact of a changing conceptual focus. For example, beginning with a psychological perspective led to an examination of risk and protective factors for individuals. More contextual approaches involved a comparison of countries. Recent systemic views support a model that encompasses both personal and contextual characteristics, as well as strategies used and outcomes achieved. It is argued that taking multiple perspectives in this programme of work has enabled the incorporation of a broad range of research methods and findings, and contributed to a deeper understanding of the construct of teacher resilience.
A BRiTE Journey: 2013–2019
Authors: Mansfield Caroline F. , Beltman Susan , Weatherby-Fell Noelene , Broadley Tania , Botman Claire
Published: August 2020

Resilience is widely acknowledged as important for teacher success, yet how to assist pre-service teachers build the skills and strategies for professional resilience is a question often asked by teacher educators. This chapter overviews the design, development and features of a series of five online learning modules designed to support pre-service teacher resilience. The BRiTE modules were informed by an analysis of the literature and content created to address the key themes. Five modules were developed: Building resilience, Relationships, Wellbeing, Taking initiative and Emotions. Each module was designed to be interactive and personalised, enabling users to build their personal toolkit to support their resilience. Since their launch in 2015, the modules have been widely used by pre-service teachers, teachers and a range of stakeholders with over 14,000 registered users at the beginning of 2020. Potential for future use in supporting teacher resilience is discussed.
Building Resilience for Early Years Teachers
Authors: Weatherby-Fell Noelene , Neilsen-Hewett Cathrine , Duchesne Susan
Published: August 2020

Working in Early Childhood Education and Care presents particular demands for teachers’ resilience. Helping pre-service teachers to explore strategies to respond to challenges in the supportive learning environment of pre-service learning is important to building strength and resilience for teachers’ careers. In this endeavour, the BRiTE (Building Resilience in Teacher Education) online modules have been integrated across an Early Years degree at the University of Wollongong, Australia. Students complete one or more modules in relevant subjects, with the full suite of modules completed twice in the course of their degree. Integration in subjects includes activities responding to, or building on knowledge from a module. Ongoing research has involved interviewing students about challenges in their progress, and ways the BRiTE modules have assisted them in responding to these challenges. This has shown the value our students see in BRiTE, and has helped us to regularly monitor and make changes to the links between the modules and subjects in the degree.
‘Positive Education’: A Professional Learning Programme to Foster Teachers’ Resilience and Well-Being
Authors: Fernandes Luísa , Gouveia Maria João , Castro Silva José , Peixoto Francisco
Published: August 2020

Professional learning can make a significant contribution to teachers’ resilience and well-being. This chapter reports the implementation of a professional learning programme focused on resilience and well-being, targeting 35 in-service Portuguese teachers, mostly working in middle and secondary education. The ‘Positive Education’ programme was adapted from the European project ENTREE (ENhancing Teachers REsilience in Europe) and encompasses six training modules: 1—Resilience; 2—Building Relationships; 3—Emotional Well-Being; 4—Stress Management; 5—Effective Teaching; 6—Classroom Management, and an additional module named ‘Education for Well-Being’. The concepts and topics for each module will be discussed, along with the design and implementation of the strategies followed to promote a positive, collaborative and reflexive environment (e.g. wellness activities, stress relief and work–life balance). This chapter also describes the main effects of the training programme on participants, gathered through interviews at the end of the training sessions.
Staying BRiTE in the Dutch Teacher Education Context
Authors: Fokkens-Bruinsma Marjon , Gemmink Michelle M. , Van Rooij Els C. M.
Published: August 2020

Preservice teachers face the complex challenge of balancing the requirements of teacher education programmes and schools and developing a professional identity as a teacher. Developing the knowledge and skills to manage working as a teacher is important to prevent emotional exhaustion during teacher education and later in the teaching career. Therefore, it is important to begin building resilience during the teacher education programme. Dutch policymakers and teacher educators recognize this need; however, there are currently no structural practices in teacher education programmes to help preservice teachers build resilience. Thus, introducing the BRiTE framework and modules could be a beneficial opportunity for Dutch teacher education. This chapter focuses on describing the Dutch teacher education context and teacher educators’ perceptions of resilience. We also discuss how the BRiTE modules can be implemented in Dutch teacher education programmes.
A novel approach to non-commutative gauge theory
Authors: Kupriyanov Vladislav G. , Vitale Patrizia
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We propose a field theoretical model defined on non-commutative space-time with non-constant non-commutativity parameter Θ(x), which satisfies two main requirements: it is gauge invariant and reproduces in the commutative limit, Θ → 0, the standard U(1) gauge theory. We work in the slowly varying field approximation where higher derivatives terms in the star commutator are neglected and the latter is approximated by the Poisson bracket, −i[f, g]★ ≈ {f, g}. We derive an explicit expression for both the NC deformation of Abelian gauge transformations which close the algebra [δ

f
, δg]A = δ
{f, g}
A, and the NC field strength ℱ, covariant under these transformations, δ

f
ℱ = {ℱ, f}. NC Chern-Simons equations are equivalent to the requirement that the NC field strength, ℱ, should vanish identically. Such equations are non-Lagrangian. The NC deformation of Yang-Mills theory is obtained from the gauge invariant action, S =  ∫ ℱ2. As guiding example, the case of su(2)-like non-commutativity, corresponding to rotationally invariant NC space, is worked out in detail.
ITSN1 regulates SAM68 solubility through SH3 domain interactions with SAM68 proline-rich motifs
Authors: Pankivskyi S. , Pastré D. , Steiner E. , Joshi V. , Rynditch A. , Hamon L.
Published: August 2020

SAM68 is an mRNA-binding protein involved in mRNA processing in the nucleus that forms membraneless compartments called SAM68 Nuclear Bodies (SNBs). We found that intersectin 1 (ITSN1), a multidomain scaffold protein harboring five soluble SH3 domains, interacts with SAM68 proline-rich motifs (PRMs) surrounded by self-adhesive low complexity domains. While SAM68 is poorly soluble in vitro, the interaction of ITSN1 SH3 domains and mRNA with SAM68 enhances its solubility. In HeLa cells, the interaction between the first ITSN1 SH3 domain (SH3A) and P0, the N-terminal PRM of SAM68, induces the dissociation of SNBs. In addition, we reveal the ability of another SH3 domain (SH3D) of ITSN1 to bind to mRNAs. ITSN1 and mRNA may thus act in concert to promote SAM68 solubilization, consistent with the absence of mRNA in SNBs in cells. Together, these results support the notion of a specific chaperoning of PRM-rich SAM68 within nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes by ITSN1 that may regulate the processing of a fraction of nuclear mRNAs, notably SAM68-controlled splicing events related to higher neuronal functions or cancer progression. This observation may also serve as a putative model of the interaction between other PRM-rich RBPs and signaling proteins harboring SH3 domains.
Arbeitsschutz bei der Versorgung von COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Mayr N. P. , Sernetz S. , Heitzer F. , Joner M. , Tassani-Prell P.
Published: August 2020

Die intensivmedizinische Versorgung von COVID-19-Patienten stellt das eingesetzte Personal vor – bisher unbekannte – Herausforderungen. So kommen beispielsweise nun großflächig Schutzausrüstungen zum Einsatz, die ansonsten nur in ausgewählten Situationen verwendet wurden. Die Arbeit in einem solchen Umfeld ist unter dem Aspekt des Arbeitsschutzes anders zu bewerten als die sonstige Patientenversorgung. Auch in einer Pandemie bleiben die gesetzlichen Vorgaben gültig. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuell relevanten Vorschriften und Regelungen darzulegen.
Die ersten 50 roboterassistierten Donornephrektomien
Authors: Zeuschner Philip , Siemer Stefan , Stöckle Michael , Saar Matthias
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund

Die minimal-invasive Donornephrektomie (DN) ist inzwischen operativer Standard, bezüglich der Rolle von roboterassistierten Verfahren gibt es bisher keinen Konsens.

Fragestellung

Die ersten 50 transperitonealen roboterassistierten Donornephrektomien (RDN) einer urologischen Universitätsklinik in Deutschland wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet.

Material und Methoden

Patientencharakteristika, intra- und postoperative Parameter wurden erfasst und die Nierenfunktion in einem 5‑jährigen Follow-up ausgewertet. Signifikante Prädiktoren für die Nierenfunktion bei Entlassung und ein Jahr postoperativ wurden in einem multivariablen Regressionsmodell bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Die RDN hat exzellente Ergebnisse mit niedriger Komplikationsrate, kurzer warmer (WIZ) und kalter Ischämiezeit (KIZ) sowie geringem Blutverlust und kurzer Patientenverweildauer. Die Seite der Nierenentnahme hat hierauf keine Auswirkungen. Nach RDN sind etwa 50 % der Spender formal niereninsuffizient, was aber zumeist ohne Relevanz ist, weil sich die Nierenfunktion der Spender im Follow-up nicht weiter verschlechtert. Die postoperative Nierenfunktion lässt sich bei der RDN mithilfe der präoperativen eGFR (errechnete glomeruläre Filtrationsrate) und dem Spenderalter sehr gut vorhersagen.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die robotische DN stellt eine sehr gute Alternative zu anderen minimal-invasiven Operationsverfahren dar, die von Beginn an exzellente operative Ergebnisse ermöglicht.
An optimal insulation problem
Authors: Pietra Francesco Della , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: August 2020

In this paper we consider a minimization problem which arises from thermal insulation. A compact connected set K, which represents a conductor of constant temperature, say 1, is thermally insulated by surrounding it with a layer of thermal insulator, the open set $$\Omega {\setminus } K$$

Ω
\
K

with $$K\subset \bar{\Omega }$$

K
⊂

Ω

¯

. The heat dispersion is then obtained as $$\begin{aligned} \inf \left\{ \int _{\Omega }|\nabla \varphi |^{2}dx +\beta \int _{\partial ^{*}\Omega }\varphi ^{2}d\mathcal H^{n-1} ,\;\varphi \in H^{1}(\mathbb R^{n}), \, \varphi \ge 1\text { in } K\right\} , \end{aligned}$$

inf

∫
Ω

|
∇
φ
|

2

d
x
+
β

∫

∂

∗

Ω

φ
2

d

H

n
-
1

,

φ
∈

H
1

(

R
n

)

,

φ
≥
1

in

K

,

for some positive constant $$\beta $$
β
.

We mostly restrict our analysis to the case of an insulating layer of constant thickness. We let the set K vary, under prescribed geometrical constraints, and we look for the best (or worst) geometry in terms of heat dispersion. We show that under perimeter constraint the disk in two dimensions is the worst one. The same is true for the ball in higher dimension but under different constraints. We finally discuss few open problems.
Complementary Dynamics of Banana Root Colonization by the Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 and Pseudomonas palleroniana Ps006 at Spatial and Temporal Scales
Authors: Gamez Rocío Margarita , Ramirez Sandra , Montes Martha , Cardinale Massimiliano
Published: August 2020

Banana (Musa acuminata) growth for commercial purposes requires high amounts of chemical fertilizers, generating high costs and deleterious effects on the environment. In a previous study, we demonstrated that two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 and Pseudomonas palleroniana Ps006, isolated in Colombia, could partially replace chemical fertilizers for banana seedling growth. In a second work, the effects of the two inoculants on banana transcripts were found to occur at different times, earlier for Bs006 and later for Ps006. This leads to the hypothesis that the two rhizobacteria have different colonization dynamics. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to analyze the dynamics of root colonization of the two PGPR, Bs006 and Ps006, on banana growth over a time frame of 30 days. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), followed by three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative image analysis. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 abundantly colonized banana roots earlier (from 1 to 48 h), ectophytically on the rhizoplane, and then decreased. Pseudomonas palleroniana Ps006 was initially scarce, but after 96 h it increased dramatically and became clearly endophytic. Here we identify and discuss the potential genetic factors responsible for this complementary behavior. This information is crucial for optimizing the formulation of an effective biofertilizer for banana and its inoculation strategy.
Injury patterns following simple elbow dislocation: radiological analysis implies existence of a pure valgus dislocation mechanism
Authors: Schnetzke Marc , Ellwein Alexander , Maier Dirk , Wagner Ferdinand Christian , Grützner Paul-Alfred , Guehring Thorsten
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The aim of the present study was to analyze the injury pattern and thus the dislocation mechanism after simple elbow dislocation using radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets.

Materials and methods

The MRI data sets of 64 patients with a mean age of 44 years (18–77 years) were analyzed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria for the study were (1) radiograph with confirmed simple elbow dislocation, (2) low-energy trauma, (3) MRI of the affected elbow ≤ 3 weeks after trauma. The dislocation direction was determined using radiographs. The integrity of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC), common extensor origin (CEO), anterior capsule (AC), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and common flexor origin (CFO) as well as the joint congruity were assessed based on MRI.

Results

34 patients (53%) had a posterolateral, 26 patients (41%) a posterior, and 4 patients (6%) a posteromedial dislocation. LCLC and AC were affected in 64 out of 64 patients (100%). MCL was affected in 58 patients (91%). CEO were affected in 25 patients (39%) and the CFO in 20 patients (31%). In 11 patients (17%) the injury pattern was more pronounced medially than laterally (MCL, CFO, LCLC), with 2 of these patients exhibiting only a partial LCLC tear. All cases with joint incongruency (n = 12, 19%) showed CEO and/or CFO involvement.

Conclusions

Simple elbow dislocation leads to a very heterogeneous spectrum of soft tissue injury pattern. A small proportion of patients showed medially pronounced injury patterns. These findings strongly indicate existence of a “reversed Horii circle” with an underlying valgus mechanism (medial force induction) originating and continuing from medial to anterior.
Closure of enterotomy after side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis with two barbed sutures in totally laparoscopic colectomy for right-sided colon cancer
Authors: Hamamoto Hiroki , Okuda Junji , Izuhara Keisuke , Ishii Masatsugu , Osumi Wataru , Masubuchi Shinsuke , Yamamoto Masashi , Tanaka Keitaro , Uchiyama Kazuhisa
Published: August 2020

Good short-term outcomes of intracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis (IIA) in totally laparoscopic colectomy for right-sided colon cancer (TLRC) have been shown in many reports, but no standardized technique for enterotomy closure after stapled side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis has so far been established. We retrospectively compared the short-term outcomes between 13 consecutive patients receiving either TLRC with IIA by conventional enterotomy closure (n = 6) or closure of the enterotomy using two barbed sutures (CEBAS) (n = 7) from July 2019 to April 2020. No anastomotic bleeding or leakage was observed in either group. Time to enterotomy closure was significantly shorter with the CEBAS method (16.5 ± 3.7 min) than with the conventional method (24.5 ± 4.7 min, p = 0.0059). The CEBAS method in TLRC with IIA was thus found to be technically feasible and it might reduce the stress associated with intracorporeal enterotomy closure.