bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Incident Lung Cancer
Authors: Tian Ruiyi , Wiley Brian , Liu Jie , Zong Xiaoyu , Truong Buu , Zhao Stephanie , Uddin Md Mesbah , Niroula Abhishek , Miller Christopher A. , Mukherjee Semanti , Heiden Brendan T. , Luo Jingqin , Puri Varun , Kozower Benjamin D. , Walter Matthew J. , Ding Li , Link Daniel C. , Amos Christopher I. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Natarajan Pradeep , Bolton Kelly L. , Cao Yin
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

To prospectively examine the association between clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and subsequent risk of lung cancer.

METHODS

Among 200,629 UK Biobank (UKBB) participants with whole-exome sequencing, CH was identified in a nested case-control study of 832 incident lung cancer cases and 3,951 controls (2006-2019) matched on age and year at blood draw, sex, race, and smoking status. A similar nested case-control study (141 cases/652 controls) was conducted among 27,975 participants with whole-exome sequencing in the Mass General Brigham Biobank (MGBB, 2010-2021). In parallel, we compared CH frequency in published data from 5,003 patients with solid tumor (2,279 lung cancer) who had pretreatment blood sequencing performed through Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets.

RESULTS

In UKBB, the presence of CH was associated with increased risk of lung cancer (cases: 12.5% v controls: 8.7%; multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.74). The association remained robust after excluding participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No significant interactions with known risk factors, including polygenic risk score and C-reactive protein, were identified. In MGBB, we observed similar enrichment of CH in lung cancer (cases: 15.6% v controls: 12.7%). The meta-analyzed OR (95% CI) of UKBB and MGBB was 1.35 (1.08 to 1.68) for CH overall and 1.61 (1.19 to 2.18) for variant allele frequencies ≥ 10%. In Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets, CH with a variant allele frequency ≥ 10% was enriched in pretreatment lung cancer compared with other tumors after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking (OR for lung v breast cancer: 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.53).

CONCLUSION

Independent of known risk factors, CH is associated with increased risk of lung cancer.
Oxytocin at Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Dose-Finding Study in Pregnant People With Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Peska Emil , Balki Mrinalini , Pfeifer Wesla , Maxwell Cynthia , Ye Xiang Y. , Downey Kristi , Carvalho Jose C. A.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Multiple pregnancy is associated with higher risk of uterine atony, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), blood transfusion, hysterectomy, and death. The optimal dose of oxytocin at cesarean delivery in people with twin pregnancy is unknown. We sought to determine the effective bolus dose of oxytocin required to initiate adequate uterine tone in 90% of people (ED90) with twin pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Our hypothesis was that the dose of oxytocin would be higher than 0.5 international units (IU) but lower than 5 IU.

METHODS:

A double-blind dose-finding study using the biased coin up-down method was undertaken in people with twin pregnancy ≥36 weeks gestational age undergoing elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. Those with additional risk factors for PPH, apart from twin pregnancy, were excluded. Oxytocin was administered as an intravenous bolus over 1 minute on delivery of the second fetus. The first patient received 0.5 IU, and subsequent oxytocin doses were administered according to a sequential allocation scheme. The actual doses administered were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 IU of oxytocin. The primary outcome was the response defined as the satisfactory uterine tone at 2 minutes after completion of administration of the oxytocin bolus, as assessed by the operating obstetrician. Secondary outcomes included need for rescue uterotonic drugs, adverse effects, and estimated blood loss. The ED90 was estimated using the Dixon-Mood and the isotonic regression methods.

RESULTS:

Thirty patients were included in study. The estimated ED90 of oxytocin was 4.38 IU (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.68–4.86 IU) and 3.41 IU (95% CI, 2.83–3.98 IU) by the isotonic regression and Dixon-Mood methods, respectively. Seven patients had inadequate tone at the 2-minute evaluation point and required rescue uterotonic drugs. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) estimated blood loss was 1031 mL (732–1462 mL) calculated by the change in 24-hour hematocrit. Incidence of hypotension after oxytocin administration was 27%, nausea 30%, and vomiting 17%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrated that people with twin pregnancy require a much higher dose of oxytocin than those with singleton pregnancies. We recommended people with twin pregnancies should receive an initial 5 IU bolus over at least 1 minute when undergoing elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia.
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematomas With Concurrent Antithrombotics
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Zeineddine Hussein A. , Nahhas Michael I. , Kole Matthew J. , Kim Youngran , Kim Hyun Woo , D'Amato Salvatore A. , Chen Peng Roc , Blackburn Spiros L. , Spiegel Gary , Sheth Sunil A. , Kitagawa Ryan S. , Dannenbaum Mark J.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an increasingly prevalent disease in the aging population. Patients with CSDH frequently suffer from concurrent vascular disease or develop secondary thrombotic complications requiring antithrombotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the safety and impact of early reinitiation of antithrombotics after middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma.

METHODS:

This is a single-institution, retrospective study of patients who underwent middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolizations for CSDH. Patient with or without antithrombotic initiation within 5 days postembolization were compared. Primary outcome was the rate of recurrence within 60 days. Secondary outcomes included rate of reoperation, reduction in CSDH thickness, and midline shift.

RESULTS:

Fifty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 66 years (IQR 58-76) with 21.1% females. Sixty-six embolizations were performed. The median length to follow-up was 20 days (IQR 14-44). Nineteen patients (33.3%) had rapid reinitiation of antithrombotics (5 antiplatelet, 11 anticoagulation, and 3 both). Baseline characteristics between the no antithrombotic (no-AT) and the AT groups were similar. The recurrence rate was higher in the AT group (no-AT vs AT, 9.3 vs 30.4%, P = .03). Mean absolute reduction in CSDH thickness and midline shift was similar between groups. Rate of reoperation did not differ (4.7 vs 8.7%, P = .61).

CONCLUSION:

Rapid reinitiation of AT after MMA embolization for CSDH leads to higher rates of recurrence with similar rates of reoperation. Care must be taken when initiating antithrombotics after treatment of CSDH with MMA embolization.
The Impact of Targetable Mutations on Clinical Outcomes of Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Hybrid Therapy (Surgery Followed by Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy)
Authors: Chakravarthy Vikram B. , Schachner Benjamin , Amin Anubhav G. , Reiner Anne S. , Yamada Yoshiya , Schmitt Adam , Higginson Daniel S. , Laufer Ilya , Bilsky Mark H. , Barzilai Ori
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:

In treatment of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC), hybrid therapy, consisting of separation surgery, followed by stereotactic body radiation therapy, has become the mainstay of treatment for radioresistant pathologies, such as non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate clinical outcomes of MESCC secondary to NSCLC treated with hybrid therapy and to identify clinical and molecular prognostic predictors.

METHODS:

This is a single-center, retrospective study. Adult patients (≥18 years old) with pathologically confirmed NSCLC and spinal metastasis who were treated with hybrid therapy for high-grade MESCC or nerve root compression from 2012 to 2019 are included. Outcome variables evaluated included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival, local tumor control in the competing risks setting, surgical and radiation complications, and clinical-genomic correlations.

RESULTS:

One hundred and three patients met inclusion criteria. The median OS for this cohort was 6.5 months, with progression of disease noted in 5 (5%) patients at the index tumor level requiring reoperation and/or reirradiation at a mean of 802 days after postoperative stereotactic body radiation therapy. The 2-year local control rate was 94.6% (95% CI: 89.8-99.3). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment–naïve patients who initiated EGFR-targeted therapy after hybrid therapy had significantly longer OS (hazard ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.95, P = .04) even after adjusting for smoking status. The presence of EGFR exon 21 mutation was predictive of improved progression-free survival.

CONCLUSION:

Hybrid therapy in NSCLC resulted in 95% local control at 2 years after surgery. EGFR treatment–naïve patients initiating therapy after hybrid therapy had significantly improved survival advantage. EGFR-targeted therapy initiated before hybrid therapy did not confer survival benefit.
Δικονομικά ζητήματα δικαστικής συμπαράστασης και επιτροπείας ανηλίκων
Authors: Ματσίνος Παναγιώτης
Published: December 2022

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αναπτύσσονται δικονομικά ζητήματα δικαστικής συμπαράστασης και επιτροπείας ανηλίκων, για την ανάδειξη των οποίων αναφέρονται στοιχεία του ουσιαστικού δικαίου. Οι αρχές και τα είδη της δικαστικής συμπαράστασης, τα όργανα της επιτροπείας και της δικαστικής συμπαράστασης και ο ρόλος της κοινωνικής υπηρεσίας είναι θέματα που αναλύονται στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή. Επιπλέον επιχειρείται ιστορική επισκόπηση και έρευνα σχετικά με την αντίστοιχη νομοθεσία άλλων κρατών. Αναφέρεται επίσης το πεδίο εφαρμογής των διατάξεων των άρθρ. 796, 797, 801-806, 592 § 2 ΚΠολΔ και τα στοιχεία του ορισμένου της αίτησης που υποβάλλεται ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου κατά τη διαδικασία της εκούσιας δικαιοδοσίας σχετικά με τα ζητήματα της παρούσας διατριβής. Παρουσιάζονται αναλύσεις σχετικά με τη δικαιοδοσία και την αρμοδιότητα του εθνικού και του ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου ως προς τα ζητήματα της παρούσας διατριβής με αναφορά σε σχετική νομολογία. Αναλύονται ζητήματα ως προς τον διορισμό και την παύση προσωρινού επιτρόπου και προσωρινού δικαστικού συμπαραστάτη όπως και τις διαδικαστικές προϋποθέσεις της δίκης σχετικά με τα ζητήματα της παρούσας διατριβής και τις συνέπειες έλλειψής τους. Εξετάζονται ζητήματα σχετικά με την κοινοποίηση προς τον εισαγγελέα, την κλήτευση προσώπων, την έκθεση της κοινωνικής υπηρεσίας, τη δικαστική πληρεξουσιότητα, τη συμμετοχή τρίτων στη δίκη και την εκκρεμοδικία τόσο σε εθνικό όσο και σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Αναλύονται οι ρυθμίσεις σχετικά με την προσωπική επικοινωνία και την πραγματογνωμοσύνη στα ζητήματα της παρούσας διατριβής καθώς και με τις σχετικές αποφάσεις. Παρουσιάζονται ζητήματα που ανακύπτουν ως προς τη δεσμευτικότητα των αποφάσεων και την αναγνώριση αλλοδαπών αποφάσεων σχετικά με τα ζητήματα της παρούσας διατριβής.
Die iranischen Kaffeehäuser. Das Ringen um eine öffentliche Bühne
Authors: Peter Laura
Published: December 2022

Kaffeehäuser sind heute ein fester Bestandteil des gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Als die Lokale im Mittleren Osten erstmals aufkamen, bildeten sich öffentliche Treffpunkte für neue Vergnügen – und damit einen umstrittenen Raum für politische Diskussionen.
Les humoristes musulmanes. Toutes voiles dehors contre les préjugés
Authors: Guidi Diletta
Published: December 2022

Détricoter les clichés sur les femmes musulmanes, telle est la mission que se sont attribuées les « humoristes voilées », à grands coups de parodies et d’autodérision.
Rinnsale der Grosszügigkeit. Wie der gelebte Islam mit Armut umgeht
Authors: Schaeublin Emanuel
Published: December 2022

Vor Gott sind alle Menschen gleich – und doch leben wir in ungleichen Gesellschaften. Der gelebte Islam kennt vielschichtige Umgangsformen, um mit diesem Paradox umzugehen: Ein Augenschein aus einer ethnografischen Feldforschung in der palästinensischen Stadt Nablus.
Clampdown on Social Media. How Turkey’s State Threatens Journalists
Authors: Sarıaslan K. Zeynep
Published: December 2022

As Turkey continues cracking down on the media, many journalists have moved into exile. From abroad, some use social media to keep working while staying safe. But inside Turkey, even access to social media might soon be nearly impossible.
Editorial
Authors: Biçer-Deveci Elife , Radwan Nadia , Schaeueblin Emanuel , Schlaepfer Aline
Published: December 2022

Editorial ∙ Éditorial ∙ Editoriale
Tickling Pharaohs
Authors: A Pasteurized Pharaoh
Published: December 2022

A history of satire, fear and the securitization of laughter in Egypt: Resistance through political humor is deeply anchored in the country’s history.
Iran. A New Hub for Afghan Artists
Authors: Naef Shirin
Published: December 2022

Iran hosts one of the largest populations of Afghan migrants and refugees in the world. Though the two countries have always been linked through music, art and culture, Iranian society has for a long time looked upon Afghan migrants as “simple blue-collar workers”. But the rise of new generations of Afghans living and working in Iran is changing Iranians’ views – and shining a spotlight on Afghan poets, writers, cinematographers, and actresses.
Kein Wein unter Palmen
Authors: Studer Nina
Published: December 2022

Während der Kolonialzeit beschrieben Reisende oft ein Phänomen, das ihnen offenbar zutiefst rätselhaft erschien: Den lokalen Konsum von fermentiertem Palmwein. Die zahlreichen Reiseberichte sind ein Zeugnis von Vorurteilen, die bis heute Bestand haben.
Delays in initiating rabies post-exposure prophylaxis among dog bite victims in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda
Authors: Kisaka Stevens , Makumbi Fredrick , Majalija Samuel , Bahizi Gloria , Thumbi SM
Published: December 2022

Background  

Although rabies in dog bite patients is preventable through timely initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), a number of barriers to achieving PEP exist. This study investigated the delays to initiation of PEP among dog bite patients in the emergency departments of two PEP centers in Uganda.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among dog-bite patients that presented to two selected rabies PEP centers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Delay to receive PEP was defined as reporting for PEP beyond 24 hours after the bite event. Generalized linear models were used to calculate prevalence ratios and the 95% confidence intervals as a measure of association between delay and patient factors.

Results

Out of 376 participants, just over half (53.5%) were males. The majority of participants (54.0%) were 15 years or older and 28.5% had no formal education. Just over three-quarters (77.9%) had category II dog bite wounds. Nearly 40% delayed to receive PEP, and median (inter quartile range) lag time between bite event and seeking medical care of 18 (41) hours. Compared to education level of secondary or above, patients with no formal education (adj. PR=4.06, 95% CI: 2.69 -  6.10) or primary education (adj.PR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.37 -  3.35), belonging to the lowest socio-economic tertile as compared to the highest (adj.PR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.28), knowing the owner of the biting dog (adj.PR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.65) and having category II wounds (adj.PR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.71) were all associated with delayed presentation for PEP.

Conclusions and recommendations

Delays to receive PEP are common and are associated with poor level of education or low socio-economic status, knowledge of who the dog owner is and less severity of bite wounds. Seeking care irrespective of wound severity or knowledge of dog owner should be promoted.
Circulation of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Gambia
Authors: Jarju Sheikh , Senghore Elina , Brotherton Helen , Saidykhan Alasana , Jallow Samba , Krubally Edrissa , Sinjanka Edrisa , Ndene Morris Ngor , Bajo Fabakary , Sanyang Musa M , Saidy Binta , Bah Alasana , Muhammed Nuredin I , Forrest Karen , Clarke Ed , Dalessandro Umberto , Sesay Abdul K , Usuf Effua , Cerami Carla , Roca Anna , Kampmann Beate , de Silva Thushan I
Published: December 2022

Background: In many countries, non-pharmaceutical interventions to limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission resulted in significant reductions in other respiratory viruses. However, similar data from Africa are limited. We explored the extent to which viruses such as influenza and rhinovirus co-circulated with SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Methods: Between April 2020 and March 2022, respiratory viruses were detected using RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs from 1397 participants with influenza-like illness. An assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 and a viral multiplex RT-PCR assay was used as previously described  to detect influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus, seasonal coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63) and human rhinovirus.

Results: Overall virus positivity was 44.2%, with prevalence higher in children <5 years (80%) compared to children aged 5-17 years (53.1%), adults aged 18-50 (39.5%) and >50 years (39.9%), p<0.0001. After SARS-CoV-2 (18.3%), rhinoviruses (10.5%) and influenza viruses (5.5%) were the most prevalent. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was lower in children <5 (4.3%) and 5-17 years (12.7%) than in adults aged 18-50 (19.3%) and >50 years (24.3%), p<0.0001. In contrast, rhinoviruses were most prevalent in children <5 years (28.7%), followed by children aged 5-17 (15.8%), adults aged 18-50 (8.3%) and >50 years (6.3%), p<0.0001. Four SARS-CoV-2 waves occurred, with 36.1%-52.4% SARS-CoV-2 positivity during peak months. Influenza infections were observed in both 2020 and 2021 during the rainy season as expected (peak positivity 16.4%-23.5%). Peaks of rhinovirus were asynchronous to the months when SARS-CoV-2 and influenza peaked.

Conclusion: Our data show that many respiratory viruses continued to circulate during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Gambia, including human rhinoviruses, despite the presence of NPIs during the early stages of the pandemic, and influenza peaks during expected months.
Ius cogens i soft law a bieżące cele polityczne uczestników relacji międzynarodowych – przykład badań mieszczących się we wspólnej przestrzeni teorii polityki i teorii prawa międzynarodowego
Authors: Kuźniak Brygida
Published: December 2022

Znakomita większość norm składających się na prawo międzynarodowe publiczne to normy zwykłe (ius dispositivum), część jednak ma charakter szczególny, a owa specyfika lokuje je na dwóch przeciwstawnych biegunach tej specjalności prawa. Mowa o normach bezwzględnie obowiązujących (ius cogens), od których żadne odstępstwo nie jest dopuszczalne, oraz o normach prawnie niewiążących, czyli jedynie postulatywnych (soft law). Celem artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy owe specyficzne normy prawa międzynarodowego publicznego, a zatem mające charakter ius cogens, a także normy o charakterze soft law mogą być wykorzystywane jako instrument realizacji bieżących celów politycznych uczestników stosunków międzynarodowych.
Prawo wobec polityki i polityczności. Czy instrumentalizacja prawa ma szansę odzyskać dobre imię?
Authors: Bator Andrzej
Published: December 2022

W artykule autor próbuje „odczarować” negatywny obraz instrumentalizacji prawa, jaki został ukształtowany w literaturze teoretycznoprawnej. Polskie prawoznawstwo za sprawą doświadczeń tzw. realnego socjalizmu miało szczególne powody do uprzedzeń względem tej problematyki. W tekście wykorzystywane są teoretyczne inspiracje pochodzące spoza nauk prawnych (filozofia pragmatycznego instrumentalizmu Johna Deweya, koncepcja polityki Maxa Webera, koncepcja polityczności Chantal Mouffe) oraz stricte prawnicze teorie instrumentalizacji (Sanne Taekemy wariant pluralistyczno-responsywny, Wiesława Langa ujęcie rekonstrukcjonistyczne). Głównym przesłaniem opracowania jest zmiana problemowego podejścia do instrumentalizacji prawa: zastąpienie tradycyjnego pytania o granice instrumentalizacji prawa stanowionego przez państwo pytaniem, jak prawo – nie ryzykując utraty swoich zasadniczych wartości i funkcji – może kooperować z naturalną skłonnością ludzi do instrumentalizowania swojego zachowania w warunkach demokratycznego, pluralistycznego społeczeństwa. Tezy artykułu osadzone są w liberalnej wizji porządku społecznego, jednak z istotną korektą polegającą na odwołaniu się do założeń pragmatyzmu i poststrukturalizmu. W zakończeniu autor wskazuje również na perturbacje, jakie może powodować w prawoznawstwie aplikowanie niektórych twierdzeń z obszaru teorii polityki opartych na poststrukturalistycznych założeniach.
Does the “Generation of Freedom” Really Exist? Evidence from Qualitative Research among Polish and Ukrainian Students
Authors: Marzęcki Radosław
Published: December 2022

Thirty years after the onset of democratisation in Central and Eastern Europe, the first generations of post-communist societies have been raised, educated and become professionally active. Objectively, they are a specific group of people whose primary and secondary socialisation occurred during a period that differed profoundly from that of their parents and older acquaintances. The article presents the results of a qualitative study conducted among Polish and Ukrainian students to diagnose their subjective generational self-identifications. The aim of the study was to determine whether and how young people in both countries perceive themselves and their social environment, and whether they identify themselves in terms of a unique generation.
Internationalization of Countering Dishonest Tax Practices
Authors: Matras Tomasz
Published: December 2022

According to the estimates from 2013, 8 per cent of the global capital was located in the so-called ‘offshore zones’, or jurisdictions used for tax optimization, which was $7.6 trillion at the time. Locating funds in tax havens resulted in a reduction of revenue in the relevant jurisdictions of between $500 billion and $600 billion per year. International community has recognized the need to adopt international regulations to counteract the erosion of the tax base. For this purpose, the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) was adopted in 2014. The main idea behind implemented changes was to have an effective exchange of financial information between national tax authorities. This article provides information on the reasons for the adoption of the standard in 2014 and the practice of financial information exchange after 2017. Additionally, data on the effectiveness of exchange of information and critical analysis of some aspects of the functioning of the CRS were presented. The assumptions of the article are presented in terms of internationalization, given the fact that counteracting dishonest taxpayers has shifted from the national to the international level in recent years.
The Issue of Military Requisitions in the Parliamentary Debate during the November Uprising of 1830–1831
Authors: Konarski Marcin
Published: December 2022

The present analysis concerns military requisitions used during the second Polish national uprising in chronological order. The institution of military requisitions was usually caused by shortages in supplying the army with items essential, from its point of view, for carrying out military operations (foodstuffs, means of transport, equipment for soldiers). These shortages were compensated by legal or illegal seizures of private property. The civil and military authorities, if necessary, decided on the compulsory supply of the indicated products and items for the population by means of generally binding regulations. The author bases his discussion on materials from the legislative process and selected archival sources concerning the implementation of the requisitioning provisions of the insurgent parliament.
Patient care after heart transplantation - a case study
Authors: Majchrowicz Bożena
Published: December 2022

Heart transplantation is a recognized and effective method of treating end-stage heart failure. Complicated heart transplant surgery carries a high surgical risk as well as complications that are dangerous to life and health. Transplantation is a life-saving opportunity for patients who have run out of alternative treatments. Patients with heart transplants face many physical and psychological problems every day.

The aim of the work was to discuss the care problems of a patient 3.5 years after the heart transplantation procedure.

Material and methods: The study used a research method - an individual case study, in which the interview technique, observation, analysis of medical documentation and measurement of vital parameters were used.

Results: After the interview, observation and analysis of medical records and as a result of the measurements made, the patient was diagnosed with nursing problems, including such as: increased susceptibility to infections that may pose a serious threat to the life and health of the patient caused by the weakening of the immune system by immunosuppression, anxiety and fear related to the risk of rejection of a transplanted organ and mood instability resulting from uncertain health situation and the effects of immunosuppressive drugs, physical limitations related to with previous operations.

Conclusions: Despite the passage of time, the patient after heart transplantation still feels the fear of a sudden deterioration of his health, the occurrence of side effects of the implemented treatment, and to the greatest extent his organism rejects the transplanted organ. Educating the patient, caring for it and keeping track of his health condition makes him feel more confident and at ease. The quality of life of the patient after transplantation can be significantly improved thanks to discipline and properly conducted self-care and self-care.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on German golf – a comparison between club-owned and commercial golf clubs
Authors: Huth Christopher , Billion Frank
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic turned the international sports world upside down almost overnight. Both professional and popular sports are suffering from the pandemic in equal measure. Sports clubs, which have to bear high fixed costs, are particularly affected. This also includes golf clubs. A primary empirical survey of German golf clubs shows that although the short term – during the lockdown – economic consequences were severe, especially for commercial golf clubs, the 2020 season can be considered successful. This could be an increased interest in exercise in nature and higher health awareness among the population. It is now crucial that golf clubs and associations focus even more intensely on nature (experiences) and health and develop them strategically.
Understanding Distributed Leadership and Insights for Chinese Educational Institutions in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Literature Review
Authors: Zeng Xiuzhen , Tong Wanting , Li Yaxin
Published: December 2022

When education across all levels, is no exception for meeting the needs of industry 4.0 and the new demand of the digital economy and society, distributed leadership is an effective reform strategy for organization's transition to digital transformation. 174 articles related to distributed leadership were selected from eight core-international journals in the field of educational leadership and management with an average h-index of 45, and 64 articles with the keywords of distributed leadership published in the CSSCI and core journals were found. The 248 articles in total were reviewed for analysis with three aspects (research themes and theories; research methodology and analytical methods; discovery and revelation) which were synthesized from the systematic conceptual framework of literature review by Hallinger (2013,2014), the research conclusion frameworks by Bennett et al. (2003) and Tian et al. (2016). The literature review was conducted on four aspects (who, why, what and how) for knowing which most scholars are concerned and for informing educational institutions with insights on distributed leadership for future development.
Raising interest in master of physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of Baidu Index data
Authors: Tan Qinyi , Wang Meijie , Teng Luyan , He Fang
Published: December 2022

Objective: Current evidence shows the master of physical education has attracted attention since its opening. The study aims to quantify recent trends in the public interest and related online search behavior for master of physical education, and “nowcast” future scenarios with respect to the master of physical education.

Methods: Baidu Index, a database of search engines with massive information, was employed. By searching for the keyword master of physical education, and using content analysis to understand the data information related to master of physical education. It extracted the search trend data regarding Chinese interest in the master of physical education from November 21, 2016, to November 21, 2022. Finally, it compares the search trend of search interests in the master of physical education with related terms.

Results: It found that the search trend of master of physical education was on the rise overall. Specifically, the peak value appeared in September 2019, the valley value appeared around the Spring Festival each year, and the search trend in other periods was stable.

Conclusion: The raise in public interest in a master of physical education will likely result in an increase in the number of candidates who are going to attend the National Graduate Entrance Exam to pursue a master of physical education. In the coming months or more, the competition for the employment of sports professionals in China will become more intense. Affected by the COVID-19, more people are interested in health and physical exercise, and then pay attention to the Master of Physical Education. The Sports Law of the People's Republic of China has been revised recently, which has led to more people interested in the master of physical education.
Pledges as state financing deeds in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the early sixteenth century
Authors: Sirutavičius Marius
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the practice of grand-ducal demesne pledging in 1502–1522. Close attention is paid to pledge deed types and the rules of the disposition of the pledged property. The research demonstrates that open-ended contracts prevailed during the discussed period. This type of deed allowed the creditors to use the entire income of the pledged property for an indefinite period. Fixed-term agreements limiting the use of the pledged property for several years and more beneficial for the treasury were relatively rare. They primarily occurred when a former contract was being renewed, or a creditor changed, making it possible to modify the earlier provisions.
“In these times of great need”: Pledging the grand duke’s demesne in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1502 to 1522
Authors: Šedvydis Laurynas
Published: December 2022

The article analyses the grand-ducal demesne pledges in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1502 to 1522 and the influence of this type of borrowing on the Lithuanian treasury. In the early sixteenth century, grand-ducal pledges were an essential source for financing the war effort in Lithuania. The pledge deeds reveal that at least 58,576.5 sexagenas of Lithuanian groschen were borrowed under grand-ducal demesne pledge deeds in the analysed period. The pledging intensified shortly before and during the Sejms of 1516 and 1518. Almost the entire debt was owned by the members of the Council of Lords and the highest Lithuanian dignitaries, with the leading magnate families at the forefront. Most of this debt was relieved by the Council of Lords.
„Necessitas frangit legem”. Finansowanie wojsk polskich i litewskich przez Prusy Książęce w okresie wojny moskiewskiej 1609–1618
Authors: Milewski Dariusz
Published: December 2022

Artykuł omawia wkład finansowy Prus Książęcych w wysiłek zbrojny Rzeczypospolitej w dobie wojny moskiewskiej i konfederacji wojskowych (1609–1618). Analizowany jest zarówno zakres oficjalnej pomocy, uzgodnionej traktatowo, jak i uzyskiwanej w sposób nieautoryzowany przez władze Rzeczypospolitej, a przejawiającej się w wymuszanym zaopatrzeniu w postaci stacji wojskowych i czynionych przy okazji szkód.
Modele karier w skarbie litewskim za panowania Zygmunta III
Authors: Żojdź Karol
Published: December 2022

W artykule poddano analizie awanse urzędników skarbu litewskiego za panowania Zygmunta III. Zaprezentowano modele karier na różnych szczeblach hierarchii urzędniczej oraz postawiono pytanie o stopień uzależnienia personelu skarbowego od poszczególnych ministrów.
Wydatki na żywność w budżecie domowym żołnierzy polskich i litewskich w połowie XVII wieku
Authors: Woźnica Kamila
Published: December 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących udziału wydatków na żywność w budżecie domowym żołnierzy polskich i litewskich w połowie XVII w. Przyjęto hipotetyczny jadłospis zgodny z dzisiejszymi normami energetycznymi i uwzględniający podstawowe produkty spożywcze dostarczające odpowiednią ilość węglowodanów, białka i tłuszczów, które były wówczas popularne również wśród uboższych warstw społeczeństwa Rzeczypospolitej. Z szacunkowych obliczeń wynika, że jego koszt wyniósłby ok. 40% żołdu szeregowego wojskowego służącego w piechocie. W przypadku pobierania przez dowódcę większej części żołdu na wyżywienie swoich podwładnych, np. 50%, świadczyłoby to o możliwości utrzymywania z nadwyżki osób wspomagających działanie oddziału od zaplecza.
Struktura wydatków skarbu litewskiego w latach sześćdziesiątych XVII wieku w świetle rachunków skarbnego litewskiego Gabriela Karola Kimbara
Authors: Bobiatyński Konrad
Published: December 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy struktury wydatków skarbu litewskiego w latach sześćdziesiątych XVII w. Jako podstawę źródłową wykorzystano księgę dochodów i rozchodów skarbnego litewskiego Gabriela Karola Kimbara, administrującego skarbem litewskim w zastępstwie podskarbiego w latach 1662–1663. Celem artykułu jest również szersza refleksja nad przydatnością dokumentacji tego typu do badań nad funkcjonowaniem państwa litewskiego w drugiej połowie XVII w.
Paul Volz w obronie Starego Testamentu
Authors: Kozyra Wojciech
Published: December 2022

W III Rzeszy popularność zyskała neomarcjońska teologia, której zwolennicy optowali za wyeliminowaniem Starego Testamentu z chrześcijaństwa na rzecz „moralnej odnowy” religii Jezusa. Wzbudziło to sprzeciw u licznych niemieckich teologów, w tym u Paula Volza, profesora Starego Testamentu z Tybingi. Artykuł przedstawia pogląd Volza na Stare Przymierze w kontekście zagrożenia ze strony radykalnie antyjudaistycznych tendencji, które przybierały w Niemczech na sile równolegle z rozwojem jego kariery. Szczególna uwaga zostaje zwrócona na argument Volza skierowany przeciwko próbie moralizacji chrześcijaństwa, podejmowanej przez volksistowskich autorów, i związanym z nią przekonaniu o absolutnej niekompatybilności ST z Jezusową Ewangelią miłości.
Sokółka i Legnica jako przykłady nowych miejsc kultu religijnego we współczesnej Polsce. Prediagnoza etnologiczna
Authors: Kalniuk Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Cuda eucharystyczne w Sokółce i Legnicy uczyniły z Polski przestrzeń wzmożonej aktywności religijnej. W tradycyjne ramy pielgrzymowania wpisany został popyt na intensywne przeżycie duchowe wywołane kontaktem z niezwykłymi artefaktami – krwawymi hostiami. Nowe miejsca święte odsłoniły, częściowo przynajmniej, stan polskiej religijności, pokazując wciąż istotną dla niej rolę czynnika tradycyjnego. Artykuł, bazując na badaniach autora przeprowadzonych w Sokółce i Legnicy, prezentuje refleksje i wnioski na temat powstania, rozwoju kultu i wpływu cudów eucharystycznych na mieszkańców, pielgrzymów i turystów. Narracja wykorzystuje opracowania z zakresu: antropologii, historii i teologii, a także dane empiryczne obejmujące rozmowy bezpośrednie i pozyskane w ich trakcie egodokumenty.
Searching the chemical content of drug sibutramin hydrochloride in herbal slimming products
Authors: Wulandari Rizkiyanti , Guntarti Any
Published: December 2022

Sibutramine hydrochloride as an additive in herbal slimming products is prohibited by the Ministry of Health in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 007 of 2012 concerning Registration of Traditional Medicines. The purpose of this review is to determine the content, the highest concentration value, the identification method and the distribution area of ​​herbal slimming products containing sibutramine hydrochloride. The method used is a traditional systematic review with inclusion criteria in the form of the year of publication of the journal with a period of the last 10 years, which uses both English and Indonesian, full text, articles that contain methods and methods of identifying sibutramine hydrochloride, and articles that list the number of positive samples. contains sibutramine hydrochloride and contains levels of sibutramine hydrochloride in herbal slimming products, the article lists the research location or the location of the herbal product sampling. The presentation of data from the results of the review in descriptive form includes the percentage of products containing sibutramine hydrochloride and the highest content of sibutramine hydrochloride. The results of the article review, herbal slimming products from different research locations contain sibutramine hydrochloride by 52.17% (36). Sibutramine hydrochloride analysis methods include TLC- Densitometry, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, HPLC, and GC-MS. The herbal slimming product with the highest concentration comes from the city of Depok with a concentration of 26.24 mg/pill, China with a concentration of 78 mg/capsule.
Theobromine content in chocolate products: a review
Authors: Alifiya Fhahira , Guntarti Any
Published: December 2022

Chocolate is one of the foods that exist in Indonesia and one of the foods that are loved by people of all ages because of its sweet taste and it easily melts in the mouth. Theobromine is the main ingredient in chocolate products. This compound belongs to the canteen group which has a stimulant effect, relaxes the bronchial muscles, prevents coughs, reduces asthma symptoms and others. But consumed in excess of Theobromine has a side effect of burning the heart. To ensure that the main content is the main content in chocolate products, it is necessary to analyze the content of theobromine as an identity compound in chocolate. The purpose of this review article is to determine the presence of theobromine content in chocolate products, the amount of theobromine content contained in it and to find out the methods that can be used to determine theobromine content in chocolate. Literature searches were conducted on google scholar, pubmed, science direct, proquest, and springer using the keywords "analysis" OR "measurement" AND "theobromine" AND "chocolate" OR "cocoa". The inclusion used were articles with a period of 2010-2020, full text articles using Indonesian and English, the samples tested were chocolate products. Based on the search results for articles with keywords and screening according to the inclusion criteria, 6 articles were obtained. Theobromine contained in chocolate products has varying levels. The spectrophotometric methods UV-VIS, HPLC and UHPLC-HRMS can be used in determining the level of theobromine.
Training on making thematic children's masks to create children's independence during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Musdholifah Musdholifah , Wijayati Dewie Tri , Witjaksono Andre Dwijanto , Hartono Ulil , Kautsar Achmad
Published: December 2022

The use of masks is one way to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The importance of using these masks has resulted in the need for masks to increase, and items are hard to find in the market. One of the parties who need masks is children. The need for child masks is also experienced by students in the Al-Chusnaini Islamic boarding school in Sidoarjo. The methods used are training and mentoring. The targeted participants are 30 children of the Al Chusnaini Islamic boarding school in Sidoarjo. The training is carried out online, with the resource person providing material via a video uploaded via YouTube. Overall this activity went smoothly, and the enthusiasm of the Al Chusnaini students was also evident. The effectiveness of measured activities according to the data in the discussion section. Hopefully, this activity can be carried out in other places in the future. For the partners, they hope that other materials can be taught to boarding school children so that they have skills outside of school lessons.
Coaching, 3M behavior change strategy for the prevention of covid-19 transmission in Kupang City, NTT Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ngambut Karolus , Takesan Michael John S.
Published: December 2022

The spread of Covid19 is not only limited to China; South Korea has confirmed its first case. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that Covid19 had become a global pandemic. The Indonesian government has declared Covid19 a non-natural national disaster. To prevent the transmission of Covid19, this is done through the implementation of the 3M Covid19 prevention protocol. For 3M's behaviour to become a community culture, a strategy is needed to disseminate this information, one of which is through coaching carried out in stages. The results of the coaching activity showed that the behaviour of using masks increased by 30.05%, the behaviour of CTPS increased by 30.2%, and the behaviour of guarding distance increased by 30.09%, and the ownership of CTPS facilities at home was 70.65% after coaching. It is suggested that the coaching method can be used more widely to promote 3M behaviour in the community to prevent Covid transmission19
Training on the maximization of product quality and layout at Cuanki Kang Raffie Bandung
Authors: Susanto Resi Juariah , Azis Anton Mulyono
Published: December 2022

Cuanki is a kind of soup, often referred to as Bandung meatballs. Because this business can be done at home, the community service program is carried out, aiming to increase its sales turnover by maximizing the layout and good quality of Cuanki Kang Raffie in Bandung City. This community service program takes the form of training and mentoring for business actors to see the operational management scientific briefing results at the beginning of the activity. This program is one of the efforts to improve the capabilities and skills of small businesses to increase their business and lead to an increase in total income. Problems that business actors often face include not emphasizing good layout and paying attention to maximum quality so that the impact on not seeing an inappropriate layout and less than optimal product quality. It also affects operational planning in the next period. Moreover, what is done in this service is in the form of providing knowledge and improvements in terms of layout or layout. This dedication makes the work process faster, and there are not many obstacles or interruptions so that the quality of the product is better maintained. The object of this community service is Cuanki Kang Raffie, whose address is Jl. Pasir Layung Bandung.
Soft skill improvement for Seruni Foundation foster children
Authors: Ramdani Dani , Garibaldi Ganjar , Magh Bimbim
Published: December 2022

The lack of financial literacy, the low level of social skills, and the low self-confidence of Seruni Foundation children are the backgrounds of this service program being implemented. This program aims to provide training on developing and improving soft skills and financial skills for Seruni Foundation children. The specific target to be achieved is to be able to improve soft skills and financial skills in Seruni Foundation children such as having a spirit of competitiveness, adaptive and anticipatory, open to change, able to learn, skilled, easy to adapt to new technology, literate about finances and budgets and having a strong foundation of the ability to develop. The method used is to provide consultation and training. The parties involved in this program are consist of lecturers in the fields of finance and organizational behaviour, in collaboration with a foundation that manages the Seruni Foundation children for 14 hours divided into two days. With the training provided by the team, Seruni Foundation children have become more developed, more confident, understand how to manage finances properly and are able to compete in the business and industrial world
Realizing healthy homes through the latrine program in Meteseh Village Semarang Indonesia
Authors: Mandaka Mutiawati , Wardianto Gatoet , Nuzuludin Taufiq Rizza
Published: December 2022

A place of shelter and rest that fulfils physiological needs fulfils psychological needs, prevents disease transmission, prevents accidents and fulfils the concepts of cleanliness, health and beauty that can lead to a perfect life, both physically, spiritually and economically, is called a healthy home. Its characteristics include having a good water source, smooth air circulation inside and outside the room, solid and liquid waste disposal channels, freeing harmful chemicals, house cleanliness, sturdy building materials, and a green environment. Basically, housing is a basic human need and is also a determinant of public health. Decent housing for housing must meet health requirements, one of which concerns the need for latrines. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight to the Meteseh community regarding healthy homes and provide solutions for people who do not meet healthy home standards. In Meteseh Village, there are still houses that do not have latrines. This time, the types of community service programs were in the form of counselling and demonstrations. The method used was by coordinating with the village head in Meteseh, Tembalang District, Semarang, conducting field surveys, asking permission to socialize with residents regarding healthy homes, then installing latrines and evaluating after latrine installation. This activity's target is poor and has not implemented a clean and healthy lifestyle in Meteseh village. The result after the service is that the Meteseh community understands a healthy home better and also begins to apply it in their daily lives.
The development of teacher creativity in making creative learning materials at experimental state elementary school 2 Sleman
Authors: Irmawati Noer Doddy , Widyatama Rendra , Ulyani Maya , Larasati Peni
Published: December 2022

In the era of the Covid-19, distance learning with interesting learning materials is needed to avoid boredom and burnout. Online distance learning requires the use of the internet and the readiness of teachers to process learning materials. In reality, internet use is limited to teachers and students in urban areas that have better information and technology. Therefore, the development of teacher creativity in making creative learning materials, especially in making creative media, needs to be used as a follow-up to overcome Online learning problems. Internet information technology, which was previously used as a source of information, must now be used as a media aid in Online learning, especially at the level of basic education. After a 42-hour workshop with discussions; (1) Creative and interesting learning with a literary approach; (2) Making interesting and creative learning media, and; (3) Learning technology and its handling. The teachers of Experimental State Elementary School 2 have obtained recipes for making creative learning media that are able to attract stronger attention to children when participating in online learning.  Teachers have also been able to prepare PowerPoint for interesting and not boring subjects