bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of Cononedys bituberculata Becker, 1915 (Insecta: Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Iran, with description of the spermatheca
Authors: Hakimian Saeedeh , Talebi Ali Asghar , Gharali Babak
Published: August 2016

The genus Cononedys Hermann, 1907 and its species, C. bituberculata Becker, 1915 are recorded for the first time from Iran. Specimens were collected with Malaise traps from northern Iran. Morphological characters including the first description of the female spermatheca and also geographical distribution of the newly recorded species are provided.
Anura, Microhylidae, Elachistocleis bicolor (Valenciennes, 1838): distribution extension in the province of Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: López Guadalupe , Pelegrin Nicolás
Published: August 2016

Elachistocleis bicolor is distributed in Argentina in the Chaco, Espinal, and Pampa ecoregions. Previous records in Córdoba, Argentina were restricted to the east of the province. Here we present a new record of E. bicolor for Córdoba in Reserva Natural San Martín (31°21’ S, 64°15’ W), about 150 km NW of the nearest record.
Interface shear box tests for assessing axial pipe–soil resistance
Authors: Boukpeti N. , White D. J.
Published: August 2016

The clay-interface shear resistance is an important parameter for the design of offshore pipelines, which slide on the seabed as a result of thermally induced expansion, contraction and lateral buckling. This paper presents a methodology for characterising the clay-interface resistance and quantifying the effect of drainage and consolidation during or in-between shearing episodes. Models for describing the clay-interface resistance during planar shearing are presented and compared to test data for a range of drainage conditions from drained to undrained and including the case of episodic consolidation. The test data are from two series of interface shear box tests carried out on marine clays. The effects of normal stress level (in the low stress range), overconsolidation and interface roughness are also examined.
Fully Automated Evaluation of Total Glomerular Number and Capillary Tuft Size in Nephritic Kidneys Using Lightsheet Microscopy
Authors: Klingberg Anika , Hasenberg Anja , Ludwig-Portugall Isis , Medyukhina Anna , Männ Linda , Brenzel Alexandra , Engel Daniel R. , Figge Marc Thilo , Kurts Christian , Gunzer Matthias
Published: August 2016

The total number of glomeruli is a fundamental parameter of kidney function but very difficult to determine using standard methodology. Here, we counted all individual glomeruli in murine kidneys and sized the capillary tufts by combining in vivo fluorescence labeling of endothelial cells, a novel tissue–clearing technique, lightsheet microscopy, and automated registration by image analysis. Total hands–on time per organ was <1 hour, and automated counting/sizing was finished in <3 hours. We also investigated the novel use of ethyl-3-phenylprop-2-enoate (ethyl cinnamate) as a nontoxic solvent–based clearing reagent that can be handled without specific safety measures. Ethyl cinnamate rapidly cleared all tested organs, including calcified bone, but the fluorescence of proteins and immunohistochemical labels was maintained over weeks. Using ethyl cinnamate–cleared kidneys, we also quantified the average creatinine clearance rate per glomerulus. This parameter decreased in the first week of experimental nephrotoxic nephritis, whereas reduction in glomerular numbers occurred much later. Our approach delivers fundamental parameters of renal function, and because of its ease of use and speed, it is suitable for high-throughput analysis and could greatly facilitate studies of the effect of kidney diseases on whole-organ physiology.
Effects of strapping the tendo-Achilles
Authors: Puckree T , Augustine E , Ramdani A , Padayachee K , Lin J
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 9-13
Stability of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone glucuronide in urine under various storage conditions
Authors: Van der Merwe PJ , Grobbelaar E
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 14-17
Avulsion fractrues of the pelvis
Authors: Naudé M , Lindeque BGP , V Rensburg DCJ
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 18-24
Isokinetic evaluation of neck strength
Authors: Du Toit DE , Buys FJ , Venter DJL , Olivier PE
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(3) 2003: 3-10
The effects of an L-methionine combination supplement on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and performance in ultramarathon runners before, during and after ultra-endurance exercise
Authors: Harden LM , Neveling N , Rossouw F , Semple SJ , Marx FE , Rossouw J , Rogers G
Published: August 2016

Objective. To evaluate whether supplementation with an L-methionine combination would reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) and improve performance in ultramarathon runners. Design. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Setting. Twenty-one ultramarathon runners (17 males, 4 females) preparing for participation in an 87.3 km ultramarathon. Interventions. L-methionine combination supplement (L-methionine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid and magnesium) or placebo containing potato starch. Main outcome measures. Incidence of URTS was recorded during the runner's preparation for an ultramarathon race (75 days) and recovery from the same (75 days). CD4+, CD8+ cell counts and ratios were measured pre race, immediately post race and 75 days post race. VO2max and endurance fitness (percentage VO2max at 4 mmol-1 lactate concentration) were measured during the preparation for the race. Results. During the preparation period the incidence of URTS was 36% in the supplement group and 80% in the placebo group (p = 0.08). The incidence of URTS during the 3 weeks post race was 27% in the supplement group and 40% in the placebo group (p = 0.65). The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios were not significantly different between groups. Endurance fitness prior to the race and race times were not significantly different. Conclusions. Although the findings of the current study show that an L-methionine combination supplement did not reduce the incidence of URTS or improve performance in ultramarathon runners, benefits may be found with a more detailed investigation using larger sample sizes and immunosuppressed athletes. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 10-16
The effect of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioception performance in first division rugby union players
Authors: Kruger TH , Coetsee MF , Davies S
Published: August 2016

Objective. To investigate the effects of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioceptive performance among first division rugby union players during a 2-minute Wilknox Quad Time Logger balancing task. Design. Each subject performed a 2-minute balancing task on the Wilknox Quad Time Logger. Test order, left or right leg, and the sequence of brace or non-brace, were randomised. Subjects were placed on the balancing board and instructed to balance for 2 minutes. Subjects performed 6 trials. Two days elapsed between testing. Each testing day involved 2 trials, 1 trial with and 1 without the prophylactic knee brace. Settings. Testing took place at the biokinetics laboratory of the University of Zululand. Subjects. Thirty playing (not injured) male rugby players, aged 22 - 30 years, participating in the KwaZulu-Natal club championships (2000). Outcome measure. Performance was measured in terms of time that balance was lost in a dynamic balance test. Peak proprioception was the best balancing performance recorded, and average proprioception the average balancing performance for all trials. Results. The findings showed an improvement of 17.9% in average proprioception times and 19.1% in peak proprioception times with the application of a prophylactic knee brace (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Prophylactic knee bracing improved proprioception performance of playing (uninjured) rugby players, and therefore may be responsible for the improvement in knee injury statistics reported in some studies on knee bracing. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 33-36
IDENTIFIKASI KOMPETENSI GURU SEBAGAI CERMINAN PROFESIONALISME TENAGA PENDIDIK DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG (KAJIAN PADA KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK)
Authors: Suhandani Deni , Kartawinata Julia
Published: August 2016

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang salahsatu kompetensi guru, yaitu kompetensi pedagogik pada guru yang telah bersertifikat pendidik di kabupaten Sumedang. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian survei dengan metode deskriptif-kuantitatif. Populasinya adalah 592 guru tersertifikasi di kabupaten Sumedang Utara dan Sumedang Selatan, dengan sampel 60 guru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuisioner (skala Likert) pada responden satu (R1) yaitu guru tersertifikasi sebanyak 60 orang, responden dua (R2) yaitu teman sejawat yang belum tersertifikasi 60 orang, dan responden tiga (R3) yaitu kepala sekolah sebanyak 60 orang, sehingga total responden berjumlah 180 orang. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 16 melalui analisis frekuensi dan korelasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menyatakan bahwa rata-rata kompetensi pedagogik guru berada pada kategori BAIK, dengan perolehan nilai 3,02 (75,48%). Namun apabila dilihat berdasarkan hasil korelasi jawaban, dimana jawaban antara R1 dan R2 banyak yang signifikan/sependapat, namun jawaban R3 banyak yang tidak signifikan/bertentangan, maka dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan pedagogis guru bersertifikat pendidik di kabupaten Sumedang, berada pada kategori CUKUP berdasarkan jawaban dari 150 responden (84,3%), dan berada pada kategori BAIK berdasarkan jawaban dari 28 responden (15,7%).
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN PENJUMLAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN BILANGAN BULAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN CTL BERDASARKAN KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Shinta Raddin Nur
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan bulat dengan pendekatan CTL yang telah disesuaikan dengan Johnson. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Plomp yang dibagi menjadi lima tahap. Desain pengembangan modul ini mengadopsi sampai tahap keempat. Instrumen penelitian dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari; (1) kuesioner untuk para ahli dan praktisi, (2) kuesioner siswa, (3) lembar observasi dan kuesioner, (4) salinan tes. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 4 SDN 4 Malasan. Pengembangan produk telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Persentase validitas mencapai 90, 46%. Sedangkan persentase ulangan harian 82, 35%, dan persentase respon siswa adalah 87, 5% dan ada satu subjek yang tidak dimasukan. Dalam hal kepraktisan, rata-rata hasil nilai validasi adalah 3, 6 (kriteria tinggi) dan pengisian skor kuisioner dari pengamat, yaitu 3, 5 (kriteria tinggi).
IMPLIKASI KURIKULUM 2013 TERHADAP PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR
Authors: - Mustofa
Published: August 2016

Kurikulum merupakan salah satu unsur yang bisa memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan untuk mewujudkan proses berkembangnya kualitas potensi peserta didik, kurikulum dipandang sebagai buku atau dokumen yang dijadikan guru sebagai pegangan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tanpa kurikulum yang tepat akan sulit mencapai tujuan dan sasaran pendidikan yang diinginkan. Di Indonesia sudah beberapakan kali diadakan perubahan kurikulum dan perbaikan kurikulum. Perubahan ini diadakan untuk mewujudkan pembangunan nasional dibidang pendidikan. Perubahan yang muncul tentunya akan berimplikasi terhadap kegiatan belajar mengajar. Bagaimana gambaran implikasinya merupakan tujuan dari penulisan dari tulisan ini. Implikasi pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013 dapat dilihat secara positif dan negative dan ternyata memang guru memegang peranan penting untuk terlaksananya Kurikulum 2013 dan melihat bentuk dan proses perubahannya sebagai suatu yang konstruktif.
SITUATION-BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING MATEMATIS SISWA SD
Authors: - Isrok’atun , - Tiurlina
Published: August 2016

Pada umumnya kegiatan pembelajaran yang terjadi adalah proses pembelajaran lebih menekankan pada belajar menjawab pertanyaan daripada belajar bagaimana untuk menyajikan pertanyaan. Siswa tidak belajar bagaimana memunculkan permasalahan matematis (problem posing). Hal ini mengakibatkan lemahnya kemampuan problem finding, sehingga kemampuan idea finding dan problem solving siswa juga lemah. Idea finding, problem finding, dan problem solving merupakan aspek kemampuan Creative
Problem Solving (CPS) matematis. Oleh sebab itu, kemampuan CPS menjadi hal yang sangat perlu untuk dikembangkan. Untuk tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Situation-Based Learning (SBL). Metode penelitian didesain menggunakan quasi eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen mendapatkan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran SBL dan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil penelitiannya adalah adanya peningkatan kemampuan CPS matematis siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran SBL lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapat pembelajaran
konvensional secara signifikan. Kemampuan CPS matematis terkuat yang dimiliki siswa yaitu pada aspek fact finding, sementara kemampuan CPS matematis terlemah yang dimiliki siswa pada aspek acceptance finding.
INTERAKSI PBL-MURDER, MINAT PENJURUSAN, DAN KEMAMPUAN DASAR MATEMATIS TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR DAN DISPOSISI KRITIS
Authors: Maulana -
Published: August 2016

Pemilihan pendekatan dan strategi yang tepat, tentu akan memudahkan tercapainya tujuan kegiatan pembelajaran tersebut. Begitu pula dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika di PGSD, yang memang menuntut pengembangan
kemampuan matematis tingkat tinggi seperti halnya kemampuan berpikir kritis. Akan tetapi, tidak banyak orang yang mencoba melihat adanya faktor lain di samping pendekatan/strategi pembelajaran, yang dimungkinkan ikut berkontribusi dalam pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis tersebut, misalnya saja faktor minat penjurusan mahasiswa (IPA dan Non-IPA) serta kemampuan dasar matematis yang telah dimiliki sebelumnya. Selain itu, aspek afektif yang mengiringi kemampuan berpikir kritis pun (disposisi kritis) merupakan kajian yang masih jarang ditemui. Tulisan ini hadir untuk mengupas secara singkat mengenai faktor pemilihan jenis pendekatan dan strategi pembelajaran, yakni problem based learning berstrategi “MURDER” dan interaksinya bersama minat penjurusan serta kemampuan dasar matematis terhadap hasil capaian kemampuan berpikir dan disposisi kritis matematis mahasiswa PGSD.
SIARAN RADIO CITRA 99.4 FM SEBAGAI MEDIA PELESTARIAN TEMBANG SUNDA BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sofian Maylan
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai pelestarian seni tradisi melalui model seni tembang Sunda Cianjuran di Radio Citra 99,4 FM Sumedang. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut. Pertama, bagaimana pelestarian tembang sunda cianjuran yang dikemas dalam program siaran Radio Citra 99.4 FM? Kedua, bagaimana kontribusi program siaran media elektronik Radio Citra bagi seni tembang Sunda Cianjuran dan senimannya di Kabupaten Sumedang? Untuk mendapatkan jawaban atas permasalahan-permasalahan itu, dilakukan penelitian kualitatif, yaitu analisis konten. Analisis konten adalah suatu metode penelitian untuk menghasilkan deskripsi objektif dan sistematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program siaran radio citra 99,4 FM Sumedang dapat menjadi suport sistem bagi seni tembang Sunda Cianjuran. Kontribusi radio terhadap seniman pun dapat dirasakan oleh seniman, terutama mengenai popularitas pengiring dan penembang dalam radio Citra 99,4 FM lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat luas.
PENGARUH BAHASA PERTAMA TERHADAP BAHASA KEDUA DALAM KARANGAN SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Hastuti -
Published: August 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh bahasa pertama terhadap bahasa kedua yang terdapat dalam karangan siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Bandar Lampung. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data tes mengarang untuk menentukan tingkat penggunaan pengaruh bahasa pertama terhadap bahasa kedua dalam karangan siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Bandar Lampung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Bandar Lampung yang berjumlah 25 orang siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sampel populasi. Dalam hasil analisis data tes mengarang siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Bandar Lampung terdapat pengaruh bahasa pertama dalam karangan sebesar 55,05%. Hal ini berarti pengaruh bahasa Lampung dalam karangan siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Bandar Lampung yang menggunakan bahasa Lampung dinyatakan rendah.
MENJADI GURU SD YANG MEMILIKI KOMPETENSI PERSONAL-RELIGIUS MELALUI PROGRAM ONE DAY ONE JUZ (ODOJ)
Authors: Aeni Ani Nur
Published: August 2016

Guru adalah pendidik profesional yang terikat dengan empat kompetensi (pedagogik, professional, kepribadian, dan sosial. Dalam kajian pendidikan Islam kompetensi tersebut disebut sebagai personal-religius dan professional-religius. Dalam upaya melahirkan sosok guru yang memiliki kompetensi personal-religius maka salah satu cara yang dapat ditempuh adalah melalui program One Day One Juz (ODOJ). ODOJ adalah program tilawah Al-Quran satu hari satu juz, sehingga dengan kegiatan tilawah melalui program ini akan dapat mengkhatamkan Al-Quran minimal satu bulan satu kali. Program ini akan memberikan atsar (dampak) bagi siapun pelakunya, termasuk guru. Sosok guru SD yang diharapkan ada adalah guru yang memiliki akhlak qurani.
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN CD INTERAKTIF AMT BERBASIS LECTORA INSPIRE UNTUK SISWA SD
Authors: Sukamto - , Wardani Asry Kusuma
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this research is consider the effectivness of mathematic learning using lectora inspire based interactive CD in primary school. This research is a research and development with design ADDIE. The validity of he return products developed by votes validator media experts and material to obtain a valid criterion.  Products in the validation by experts and the media matter experts, and then tested. Sample test was grade 4  students of elementary school Tandang 01 Semarang.  Results of the media validation analysis experts the average percentage of media ideals, respectively for 68.00% and 89.58%. Results of the validation  analysis matter experts the average percentage of media ideals, respectively for 74.67% and 90.42%, and the response to all students in grade IV B of elementary school of Tandang  01 Semarang  by 87.64%. Based on the test results are known t­0 t over ttable (9.056> 2.030). Differences in student learning outcomes before and after being treated was 59%. From the analysis, AMT interactive CD categorized as very good. So it can be applied in teaching.
KEEFEKTIFAN MEDIA KOMIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Authors: Untari Mei Fita Asri , Saputra Aprilianta Adi
Published: August 2016

This research is motivated by the low reading interest of children who have an impact on learning outcomes is low and the need to streamline the reading comprehension to be able to easily understand the material being studied. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the medium of comics to the students' reading ability. Based on the analysis of data, the first measurement using the story "Reaching Cita Although almost Despair" of 30 fourth grade students of SDN 03 Bergaskidul Semarang District 25 students with learning outcomes is high enough - and 5 students with poor outcomes. The average was 73.33. After being treated for the provision of comics, from 30 students of SDN 03 Bergaskidul Semarang regency. Retrieved 29 students achieving grades with the criteria fairly high and only one student is still berkriteria low. The average value rose to 81.33. Percentage increase is 3.878%. The second measurement using the story "Cita-Citaku" of 30 fourth grade students of SDN 03 Bergaskidul Semarang District there are 14 students with learning outcomes is high enough - and 16 students with poor outcomes. The average was 53.67. After being treated for the provision of comics, from 30 students of SDN 03 Bergaskidul Semarang regency. Retrieved 22 students achieving grades with the criteria fairly high and 8 students who are still berkriteria low. The average value rose to 66.67. Percentage increase is 2,037%.
PENGEMBANGAN MATERI AJAR DAN EVALUASI PADA KETERAMPILAN MENDENGARKAN DAN MEMBACA
Authors: Iswara Prana D.
Published: August 2016

Some of receptive language skills are listening and reading skills. Curriculum (Indonesian Curriculum 2006, 2013, or 2016 revision) is a standard curriculum used by teachers in the school. Learning to listen assessed on the ability of students retold orally or in writing. Learning reading rated from revealing reading materials orally or in writing. Listeners and readers comprehension must be equal to the intended speaker and author. Receptive expression in its evaluation involves the expressive ability (speaking and writing) to revive the gathering and reading. Evaluation of the learning listening and reading could have been a test, performance test, project or portfolio.
Preparation of IL-loaded microreactors based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules
Authors: Souron Elodie , Gaumont Annie-Claude , Glinel Karine , Dez Isabelle
Published: August 2016

Encapsulation of ionic liquids (ILs) in crosslinked polyelectrolyte microcapsules, made via layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) was successfully conducted. Two different ILs were studied: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim]BF4 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim]PF6. The polyelectrolyte microcapsules were successfully used as microcages for the synthesis of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), a non water-soluble polymer, in IL medium. Finally, the behaviour of the IL-loaded microreactors in polar and apolar solvents was evaluated. The strategies described in this study offer new routes for the preparation of microreactors incorporating IL which are of interest for many applications in the field of organic synthesis, catalysis and adsorption of active substances.
Frantz tumor – a rare cause of abdominal pain in children – case report
Authors: Piechota-Mikuła Małgorzata , Strzelczuk-Judka Lidia , Mańkowski Przemysław , Jończyk-Potoczna Katarzyna
Published: August 2016

Guz Frantz (lity pseudobrodawkowaty nowotwór trzustki, guz Hamoudiego) jest rzadkim, zwykle łagodnym guzem o nieznanej etiologii, występującym głównie u młodych kobiet. Guz ten jest zazwyczaj bezobjawowy, może być jednak przyczyną bólu lub dyskomfortu ze strony jamy brzusznej.
W opisywanym przez nas przypadku guz był przyczyną bólu brzucha u 14-letniej, zdrowej dotychczas pacjentki. W wykonanych badaniach obrazowych – ultrasonografii oraz tomografii komputerowej – uwidoczniono dużą masę guza w nadbrzuszu i śródbrzuszu lewym, którego punktem wyjścia była najprawdopodobniej trzustka. Wykonano biopsję metodą laparoskopową, potwierdzającą wstępne rozpoznanie.
Guz wraz z ogonem trzustki usunięto metodą laparotomii bez powikłań.
Opisany przez nas przypadek pokazuje, iż lity pseudobrodawkowaty guz trzustki może być rzadką przyczyną bólu brzucha u pacjentów pediatrycznych.
Prognostic relevance of hyponatremia after first-ever ischemic stroke
Authors: Kret Bartłomiej , Holecki Michał , Lasek-Bal Anetta , Hawrot-Kawecka Anna , Wilczyński Krzysztof , Duława Jan
Published: August 2016

Wstęp

Hiponatremię uważa się za czynnik ryzyka udaru mózgu.

Materiał i metody

Przeanalizowano 677 chorych z pierwszym w życiu udarem niedokrwiennym mózgu, których podzielono w zależności od stężenia sodu w surowicy na dwie podgrupy: ≤ 135 mmol/l i > 135 mmol/l.

Wyniki

U chorych ze stężeniem sodu ≤ 135 mmol/l mediana w skali NIHSS wyniosła 5 pkt, mediana oceny stopnia inwalidztwa według skali mRankin wynosiła 4 pkt, a śmiertelność w okresie jednego miesiąca od zachorowania wynosiła 10,5%, w grupie ze stężeniem sodu > 135 mmol/l stwierdzono odpowiednio: 3 pkt, 2 pkt, i 3,4%. U chorych z hiponatremią śmiertelność w ciągu miesiąca od zachorowania wynosiła u kobiet 16,4%, u mężczyzn 3,5% (p = 0,0194). U kobiet z prawidłową natremią obserwowano większy stopień inwalidztwa w skali mRankin (p = 0,005).

Wnioski

Hiponatremia ma niekorzystny wpływ na stan pacjentów zarówno w ostrej, jak i podostrej fazie udaru oraz wiąże się ze zwiększoną śmiertelnością miesięczną od zachorowania. Kobiety z hiponatremią cechowała większa śmiertelność w ciągu jednego miesiąca po przebytym pierwszym w życiu udarze niedokrwiennym. U kobiet z prawidłowym stężeniem sodu w czasie pierwszego w życiu udaru niedokrwiennego stwierdzano wyższy stopień inwalidztwa ocenianego w skali mRankin w porównaniu z mężczyznami.
Can I Really Do This? An Examination of Anticipatory Event Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Laposa Judith M. , Rector Neil A.
Published: August 2016

Clark and Wells (1995) posit that anticipatory processing before a social situation serves to maintain social anxiety. More specifically, ruminative processes similar to post-event processing (PEP) may occur in anticipation of anxiety provoking social events, and in this article, we have labelled this type of anticipatory rumination anticipatory event processing (AnEP). Participants (n = 75) with social anxiety disorder (SAD) completed measures of anticipatory event processing, trait anxious rumination, social anxiety, state anxiety, and PEP, in the context of completing videotaped exposures twice as part of manual-based group cognitive behavioral therapy. AnEP was significantly positively associated with trait anxious rumination and social anxiety and was associated with state anxiety during the first videotaping. AnEP at the two time points was significantly correlated and decreased across the two taped exposures. Greater AnEP at the first taping was associated with greater PEP the following week. PEP after the first videotaped exposure then significantly related to AnEP for the second videotaped exposure several weeks later. Discussion focuses on the similarities between PEP and AnEP as well as implications for cognitive models and treatment of SAD.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea
Authors: Yoo Jae Soon , Chang Sun Ju , Kim Hyun Sook
Published: August 2016

The aims of the study were to investigate the levels of depression and to identify the predictors of depression among older adults in 3 different environments based on their primary place of leisure time activity, including their homes, small community halls, and senior welfare centers. A convenience sample of 833 older adults participated in the study. Instruments for measuring functional independence, social support, life satisfaction, and depression were used. The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple hierarchical regressions. The level of depression in older adults at home was significantly greater than the level of depression in those in both small community halls and senior welfare centers. Life satisfaction was the strongest negative predictor of depression in older adults both at home and in senior welfare centers, whereas employment status was the one in those in small community halls. Across the 3 groups, poor subjective health was the strongest positive predictor of depression. The levels of depression and predictors differed among the settings. Nurses should have a thorough understanding of these differences when planning effective strategies for managing depression in older adults.
Real-Time Performance of Mechatronic PZT Module Using Active Vibration Feedback Control
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Borboni Alberto , Merlo Angelo , Pellegrini Nicola , Ricatto Raffaele
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes an innovative mechatronic piezo-actuated module to control vibrations in modern machine tools. Vibrations represent one of the main issues that compromise seriously the quality of the workpiece. The active vibration control (AVC) device is composed by a host part integrated with sensors and actuators synchronized by a regulator, able to make a self-assessment and adjust to the environmental alteration. This study presents the mechatronic model based on the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the AVC device. To ensure a real time performance, a H2-LQG controller has been developed and validated by simulations involving machine tool, PZT actuator and controller models. The Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) architecture is adopted to control and attenuate the vibrations. A set of experimental tests has been performed to validate the AVC module on a commercial machine tool. The feasibility of the real time vibration damping is demonstrated and the simulation accuracy is evaluated.
How Thumbelina Knows
Authors: De Michelis Giorgio
Published: August 2016

In this paper I take the book by Michel Serres “Thumbelina” as the occasion for a reflection on the conceptual basis of knowledge management, as it was built by Ikujiro Noanka and co-workers. The direct access to knowledge that Thumbelina practices together with her peers is, in fact, for me, a god observation point to bring the reflection of Nonaka further, towards the discovery of a new understanding of knowledge and knowing processes. If the digital revolution is third step after writing and printing, in the soft changes in the relations between human beings and knowledge, then it poses in an urgent manner the problem to deepen our understanding of what knowledge and intelligence are and to change our practice at the education level and to design new digital tools to support our knowledge management processes.
Arms Race between Enveloped Viruses and the Host ERAD Machinery
Authors: Frabutt Dylan A. , Zheng Yong-Hui
Published: August 2016

Enveloped viruses represent a significant category of pathogens that cause serious diseases in animals. These viruses express envelope glycoproteins that are singularly important during infection of host cells by mediating fusion between the viral envelope and host cell membranes. Despite low homology at protein levels, three classes of viral fusion proteins have, as of yet, been identified based on structural similarities. Their incorporation into viral particles is dependent upon their proper sub-cellular localization after being expressed and folded properly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, viral protein expression can cause stress in the ER, and host cells respond to alleviate the ER stress in the form of the unfolded protein response (UPR); the effects of which have been observed potentiating or inhibiting viral infection. One important arm of UPR is to elevate the capacity of the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway, which is comprised of host quality control machinery that ensures proper protein folding. In this review, we provide relevant details regarding viral envelope glycoproteins, UPR, ERAD, and their interactions in host cells.
Sorghum and Salinity
Authors: Netondo Godfrey Wafula , Onyango John Collins , Beck Erwin
Published: August 2016

Crops grown in salt affected soils may suffer from drought stress, ion toxicity, and mineral deficiency leading to reduced growth and productivity. The present study was conducted to determine how salinity affects growth, water relations, and accumulation of cations of nutritional importance in various organs of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Two Kenyan sorghum varieties, Serena and Seredo, were grown in a greenhouse in quartz sand supplied with a complete nutrient solution to which 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl was added. The 250 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced the relative shoot growth rates, measured 25 d after the start of salt application, by 75 and 73%, respectively, for Serena and Seredo, and stem dry weight by 75 and 53%. In a similar way, young leaves were affected, with leaf blades of both varieties being reduced by 67% while sheaths were reduced by 83 and 87% for Serena and Seredo, respectively. Leaf water potential, osmotic potential, leaf pressure potential, and relative water content significantly declined with increasing salt stress. Roots and stems accumulated substantial amounts of sodium, saturating at 150 mM external NaCl. Accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in the roots, stems, and leaves was strongly inhibited by salinity. Magnesium concentration of the roots was minimally impaired but that of the stems and leaves was strongly affected. Leaves continuously accumulated sodium, which was preferentially deposited in the sheaths. Mature leaves contained more Ca2+ and Mg2+ than young ones. The two sorghum varieties appear to sequester Na+ predominantly in roots, stems, leaf sheaths, and older leaf blades sparing the growing tissues as a salt tolerance mechanism. Nevertheless, greatly reduced concentrations of Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ in leaves under salinity could cause cation deficiency which reduces plant growth.
Sorghum and Salinity
Authors: Netondo Godfrey Wafula , Onyango John Collins , Beck Erwin
Published: August 2016

Photosynthetic activity decreases when plants are grown under saline conditions leading to reduced growth and productivity. Leaf growth, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of two sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties, Serena and Seredo, were measured in response to increasing NaCl concentration. Sorghum plants were grown in sand culture under controlled greenhouse conditions. The NaCl concentrations in complete nutrient solution were 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM Salinity significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced leaf area by about 86% for both varieties of sorghum. Chlorophyll a and b, net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.01) with the increase in salinity, and these decreases were similar for the two sorghum varieties. Salt induced decreases for these physiological traits ranged from 75 to 94%. Photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) decreased by about 9 and 10%, respectively, for both varieties, and electron transport rate (ETR) decreased by 20 and 25% for Serena and Seredo. In contrast, non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased by 44 and 50% for Serena and Seredo. The results indicate that salinity affected photosynthesis per unit leaf area indirectly through stomatal closure, and to a smaller extent through direct interference with the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, salinity decreases whole plant photosynthesis by restricting leaf area expansion. This effect starts from low levels of salinity, in contrast to that of net photosynthesis per unit leaf area, which occurs at higher levels of NaCl concentration.
Biochemical Response of Soybean Roots to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Infection
Authors: Lozovaya V. V. , Lygin A. V. , Li S. , Hartman G. L. , Widholm J. M.
Published: August 2016

The soil‐borne fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (FSG) infects soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots and causes the disease sudden death syndrome (SDS). The biochemical response of soybean roots to FSG infection, which has not been studied before, was investigated by comparing FSG‐inoculated and noninoculated roots of two partially resistant (‘PI 520733’ and ‘PI 567374’) and susceptible (‘Spencer’) genotypes. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, was increased in inoculated roots of all three genotypes. The phytoalexin glyceollin increased to much higher levels in inoculated roots of the partially resistant cultivars PI 520733 and PI 567374 than in the susceptible Spencer. The changes in phenolic metabolism were localized in lesion‐containing areas of roots rather than in the new portion growing under the FSG inoculum. No clear correlation was found between the glyceollin precursor daidzein (4′,7‐dihydroxyisoflavone) and its conjugates and glyceollin levels in root tissues; however, isoflavone levels increased only in roots of inoculated plants of partially resistant lines, even though constitutive isoflavone levels were higher in the susceptible control. The FSG growth on potato dextrose agar medium was inhibited by increasing concentrations of glyceollin. Induction of lignin synthesis was found in the inoculated roots of all three lines, with the highest rate of lignification observed in roots of the partially resistant genotypes, especially PI 567374. These studies show for the first time that FSG inoculation of soybean roots in soil induces the phenylpropanoid pathway to synthesize isoflavones, the phytoalexin glyceollin, and lignin, indicating that these compounds may be involved in the partial resistance response.
Genetic Diversity in the Batini Barley Landrace from Oman
Authors: Jaradat A. A. , Shahid M. , Al‐Maskri A.
Published: August 2016

Understanding the diversity for salt tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. Our objectives were to screen a collection of 2308 accessions in seven subpopulations of the Omani Batini barley landrace under salinity stress, quantify genetic variation in germination and early seedling growth attributes, establish the forage yield‐salinity response functions for 10 families within each subpopulation, and select genotypes with high yield potential under salinity. Subpopulations displayed high levels of genetic diversity and differed significantly for seed germination and seedling growth attributes at 0.0 and 20.0 dS m−1, and at tillering stage for forage yield at 0.85, 10.0, and 20.0 dS m−1 A multivariate‐based selection criterion for high forage yield at tillering stage under salinity stress, based on simultaneous selection for low temporal variation in germination and high shoot dry weight under 20.0 dS m−1, identified highly salt tolerant accessions. Twenty‐five out of 70 families representing seven subpopulations were classified as salt tolerant on the basis of their salinity susceptibility indices at 20.0 dS m−1 Accessions with short rachilla or with high root number and root length under salinity stress ranked highest in salt tolerance. Forage yield at 10.0 and 20.0 dS m−1 can be predicted with high (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.0001) and moderate (R2 = 0.23, P < 0.01) accuracy by forage yield under 0.85 dS m−1 On average, forage yield was reduced by 2.4 and 7.9% per dS m−1 at 10.0 and 20.0 dS m−1, respectively. Although genetically not improved, the landrace, in general, and subpopulation Batini 4, in particular, contain diversity that remains to be exploited.
Prediction of Soil Carbon in the Conterminous United States: Visible and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Analysis of the Rapid Carbon Assessment Project
Authors: Wijewardane Nuwan K. , Ge Yufeng , Wills Skye , Loecke Terry
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas

We modeled ∼20,000 samples in RaCA from conterminous US to predict OC TC with VisNIR.

We developed local models by four variables: RaCA Region, Land Use, Horizon, and Texture.

We compared local models with the global models and PLSR versus ANN.

ANN models outperform PLSR in global models, but local models improve substantially in PLSR.

Overall, local PLSR models developed from Horizon and Texture are most favorable

Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR) has been used across a number of spatial scales to predict soil organic carbon (OC) content. The Rapid Carbon Assessment Project (RaCA) is a nationwide project that collected 144,000+ soil samples from across the conterminous United States for C stock mapping using VisNIR. The objective of this study was to calibrate and validate the VisNIR soil OC and total C (TC) models with ∼20,000 samples from RaCA. Models were developed with either partial least squares regression (PLSR) or the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Four auxiliary variables—RaCA Region, Land Use Land Cover, Master Horizon, and Textural Class—were tested to stratify the dataset and to develop local models. The results showed that OC and TC models calibrated with ANN (R2 > 0.94; RPD > 4.0) outperformed those of PLSR (R2 = 0.83; RPD = 2.4). For PLSR, local models developed with all four auxiliary variables exhibited improvement in prediction accuracy, and the improvement was only marginal for ANN models. Master Horizon and Textural Class appeared to be more effective in stratifying samples into homogeneous groups because they gave an overall lower root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for the validation samples. For the majority of the local Textural Class models, the RMSEP of OC prediction ranged from 0.5 to 1.5%. To maximize the applicability of the RaCA spectral library on external soil samples, PLSR local models developed from Master Horizon or Textural Class appeared to be more favorable.
Vaccine Ingredients: Components that Influence Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Kocourkova Aneta , Honegr Jan , Kuca Kamil , Danova Jana
Published: August 2016

Vaccination is defined as the administration of an antigenic material in order to stimulate the
immune system, leading to the development of adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent
or reduce morbidity from a vast number of infections. This manuscript presents an analysis of vaccine
types and vaccine substances, concentrating on individual components including the active ingredient,
adjuvants, preservatives, stabilizers, inactivators, antibiotics, diluents and other substances. While many
papers have been published on individual vaccine components, this review provides detail on a wide
range of the most commonly-used vaccine ingredients and components that have been tested in clinical
trials.
Porque adolescentes matam: cinco tipos puros de accounts para o assassinato na região metropolitana da grande Vitória elaborados a partir de relatos de adolescentes em conflito com a lei
Authors: Vilaça de Freitas Amílcar Cardoso
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho busca separar em alguns tipos puros accounts sobre homicídios apresentados por adolescentes em conflito com a lei da região metropolitana de Vitória, no Espírito Santo. Nossa base de dados se constitui de cerca de quarenta entrevistas semiestruturadas, com adolescentes internados em unidades socioeducativas. O objetivo do trabalho é demonstrar em quais ocasiões alguns princípios podem tornar-se motivações suficientes para matar alguém e como essa construção é apresentada pelos adolescentes infratores. Como se trata de relatos que abordam situações indesejadas, utilizamos a ideia de account. Separamos também as motivações em tipos puros, para que possamos explorar melhor as características que normalmente se encontram articuladas. Desde junho de 2013 venho conduzindo essa pesquisa com adolescentes em conflito com a lei da região metropolitana de Vitória. A construção apresentada neste trabalho é baseada nos relatos tanto de práticas de homicídio quanto de tentativas de homicídio nas quais os jovens foram autores ou vítimas. Em regra, quando falam pela primeira vez sobre seus atos infracionais com um desconhecido os adolescentes tendem a justificar suas atitudes de maneira a neutralizá-las. Com base nesses relatos foi possível elencar cinco motivações que dominaram cada tipo de account, a saber: latrocínio; justiçamento; regulação dos mercados ilegais; ofensa pessoal; e guerra de quadrilhas propriamente dita.
A heuristic hybrid framework for vector job scheduling
Authors: Amaldass Nareyus , Lucas Cormac , Mladenovic Nenad
Published: August 2016

We examine the first phase of a known NP-hard 2-stage assembly problem. It
consists of sequencing a set of jobs having multiple components to be
processed. Each job has to be worked on independently on a specific machine.
We consider these jobs to form a vector of tasks. Our objective is to
schedule jobs on the particular machines in order to minimize the completion
time before the second stage starts. We first develop a new mathematical
programming formulation of the problem and test it on a small problem
instance using an integer programming solver. Then, we develop a heuristic
algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization and Variable Neighborhood Search
metaheuristics in order to minimize the total completion time. The
performance of our implementation appears to be efficient and effective.
Influence of auxetic foam in quasi-static axial crushing
Authors: Mohsenizadeh Saeid , Alipour Roozbeh , Ahmad Zaini , Alias Amran
Published: August 2016

This paper treats the influence of auxetic foam on the crush response and energy absorption response of square-section tubes when subjected to uniaxial quasi-static loading. The study aims at quantifying the energy absorption capability of auxetic foam-filled square tubes for variations in wall thickness, initial height, aspect ratio and slenderness ratio of the tube. The capability of simulating the crush response of auxetic foam-filled tubes using the validated numerical models is also presented. Based on the experimental results, the influence of the auxetic foam in the thin-walled square tubes was quantified in terms of energy absorption capacity, specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency. It is evident that a thicker tube filled with auxetic foam is preferable if the energy absorption level is the primary goal, yet this compromises the crush force efficiency. The outcome of this present study is the establishment of empirical models for estimating the quasi-static crushing response of auxetic foam-filled tubes with varying slenderness ratio and aspect ratio.
Experimental investigation of phase equilibria in the Co–Ni–Zr ternary system
Authors: Liu Xingjun , Yang Shuiyuan , Xiong Huaping , Yu Wenjie , Cheng Yaoyong , Wu Xin , Wang Cuiping
Published: August 2016

The phase equilibria of the Co–Ni–Zr ternary system at 1 000 °C, 1 100 °C and 1 200 °C were experimentally investigated by means of back-scattered electron imaging, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction on the equilibrated ternary alloys. In this study, no ternary compound is found. The (αCo, Ni) phase region extends from the Ni-rich corner to the Co-rich corner with small solubility of Zr at three sections. At 1 000 °C and 1 100 °C, Ni5Zr, Co2Zr and Ni10Zr7 phases have large solid solution ranges, but Ni10Zr7 phase disappears at 1 200 °C. The Ni7Zr2, NiZr, Co11Zr2, Co23Zr6 and CoZr phases exhibit nearly linear compounds in the studied sections, and have large composition ranges. Additionally, some differences in phase relationship exist among the above three isothermal sections.
Farmers Perception about One House One Farm Project and Its Impact on Enterprise Profitability in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District
Authors: Jannat A , Uddin M T
Published: August 2016

The study was conducted to identify farmers perception about one house one farm project and its impact on enterprise profitability in Mymensingh district. A total of 90 farmers were selected randomly as the sample of the study for collecting necessary primary data. Forty five farmers under this project and another forty five non-project farmers were selected. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (i.e., mean, percentages, ratios, etc.), perception index, profitability analysis were employed to attain the objectives. The overall perception of project farmers about one house one farm project was moderate. On the contrary, the perception was slightly moderate for the non-project farmers. The benefit cost ratio was higher for every production enterprise for project farmers than non-project farmers except for large animal rearing. The study identified some problems faced by the farmers in adopting the project as well as who were not adopting this project and probable solutions relating to those problems were also documented.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 43-53