bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). II. Other germplasm
Authors: Beres B. L. , Cárcamo H. A. , Byers J. R. , Clarke F. R. , Ruan Yuefeng , Pozniak C. J. , Basu S. K. , DePauw R. M.
Published: July 2013

Beres, B. L., Cárcamo, H. A., Byers, J. R., Clarke, F. R., Ruan, Y., Pozniak, C. J., Basu, S. K. and DePauw, R. M. 2013. Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). II. Other germplasm. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1169–1177. The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is an economically destructive insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains. Solid stem cultivar selection is one critical component to the integrated management of WSS. A significant resurgence of WSS in the southern prairies of Canada caused substantial economic losses from 1999 through 2007, which was compounded by the low adoption rate of solid-stem cultivars. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2005 in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada: (1) to characterize resistance levels in solid-stem germplasm derived from S615 and alternate genetic backgrounds, and (2) to determine the impact of host plant tolerance on WSS population dynamics. The tetraploid cultivar Golden Ball and its hexaploid derivative G9608B1-L-12J11BF02 were the most consistent at reducing damage, larval growth (fitness), and fecundity of WSS. The challenge will be to maintain this level of efficacy as the Canada Western Red Spring phenotype is reintroduced into the germplasm. Our study suggests solid-stem cultivars are highly effective but prone to inconsistent performance and should therefore be integrated into a holistic strategy for WSS that includes agronomics and biocontrol.
Generalized Kähler–Einstein Metrics and
Energy Functionals
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhang Xiangwen
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we consider a generalized Kähler–Einstein equation on a Kähler manifold M. Using the twisted 𝒦–energy introduced by Song and Tian, we show that the existence of generalized Kähler–Einstein metrics with semi–positive twisting (1, 1)–form θ is also closely related to the properness of the twisted 𝒦-energy functional. Under the condition that the twisting form θ is strictly positive at a point or M admits no nontrivial Hamiltonian holomorphic vector field, we prove that the existence of generalized Kähler–Einstein metric implies a Moser–Trudinger type inequality.
Descripción del estado nutricional de los pacientes de una unidad de diálisis mediante el uso de la escala “Malnutrition Inflamation Score”
Authors: Carrascal Sonia Elvira , Colomer Codinachs Marta , Pérez Oller Laureano , Chirverches Pérez Emilia , Puigoriol Juvanteny Enma , Pajares Requena Dolores , Rusiñol Camps Carmen , Prat Canals Rosa Mª , Castells Prat Montse , Roquet Bohils Marta , Serrano Vilalta Maite
Published: July 2013

Introducción:
La desnutrición es un problema de salud muy frecuente en la población con insuficiencia renal crónica en diálisis. Dada la alta prevalencia de malnutrición en los pacientes en diálisis y su repercusión sobre la morbimortalidad de los pacientes es preciso instaurar un adecuado seguimiento de los aspectos nutricionales, para detectar precozmente a pacientes en riesgo o con déficit nutricionales y realizar una intervención nutricional precoz que consiga revertir la situación.
Objetivos:
• Describir el estado nutricional de los pacientes atendidos en la unidad de diálisis del servicio de nefrología del Consorcio Hospitalario de Vic, según la escala “Malnutrition Inflamation Score” y durante un período de 2 años.
• Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes en diálisis del Consorcio Hospitalario de Vic que han sido sometidos a una valoración de su estado nutricional, mediante la escala “Malnutrition Inflamation Score”.
• Analizar si factores como el género, la edad, el tipo de tratamiento dialítico, la presencia de comorbilidad, el tipo de vía de acceso de hemodiálisis, el tiempo en tratamiento dialítico, el Descripción del estado nutricional de los pacientes de una unidad de diálisis mediante el uso de la escala número de ingresos o el total de días de ingreso están relacionados con el estado nutricional de los pacientes en diálisis del Consorcio Hospitalario de Vic, según las puntuaciones obtenidas de la escala “Malnutrition Inflamation Score”.
Material y Métodos:
Estudio transversal prospectivo. Realizado en la Unidad Nefrológica del Consorcio Hospitalario de Vic.
Incidencia de las demencias en hemodiálisis: Apoyo al cuidador principal
Authors: Sánchez Lamolda Mª Ángeles , Malagón Rodríguez Mª Ángeles , Alonso Hernández Nemesia
Published: July 2013

Las demencias, aparecen cada día con más frecuencia en pacientes con tratamiento de hemodiálisis; la edad de entrada al tratamiento dialítico ha aumentado en los últimos años, influenciada por el aumento e la esperanza de vida. El deterioro en el estilo de vida del paciente afecta tanto a familiares como cuidadores, presentándose una situación compleja y difícil de manejar. En la actualidad, constituye un serio problema de salud con una repercusión social y económica a gran escala, por la pérdida de independencia del paciente y la carga física y psicológica que sufre la familia. Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de las demencias y su relación con la edad, sexo, nivel de estudios, patologías asociadas. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Para conocer la incidencia de las demencias utilizamos el cuestionario: (short portable mental status questionarire Pfeiffer). Variables: sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, Convivencia, Hipertensión arterial, Diabetes. Resultados: el 28% de los pacientes presentan demencia, 36% se encuentra entre 75-79 años, afectando considerablemente al sexo femenino. El 58% no han terminado los estudios primarios. Hipertensión arterial no es estadísticamente significativa, Diabetes Mellitus aparece en el 48% de los pacientes que presentan demencia. Conclusión: La edad de los pacientes en hemodiálisis ha aumentado considerablemente, dando lugar a la aparición de las demencias, de ahí la necesidad de establecer las intervenciones de enfermería adecuadas para mejorar la calidad asistencial, ofrecer la información adecuada a familiares y cuidadores sobre las medidas a tener en cuenta en cada situación.
Drivers of diel and regional variations of halocarbon emissions from the tropical North East Atlantic
Authors: Hepach H. , Quack B. , Ziska F. , Fuhlbrügge S. , Atlas E. L. , Peeken I. , Krüger K. , Wallace D. W. R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Methyl iodide (CH3I}, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), which are produced naturally in the oceans, take part in ozone chemistry both in the troposphere and the stratosphere. The significance of oceanic upwelling regions for emissions of these trace gases in the global context is still uncertain although they have been identified as important source regions. To better quantify the role of upwelling areas in current and future climate, this paper analyzes major factors that influenced halocarbon emissions from the tropical North East Atlantic including the Mauritanian upwelling during the DRIVE expedition. Diel and regional variability of oceanic and atmospheric CH3I, CHBr3 and CH2Br2 was determined along with biological and meteorological parameters at six 24 h-stations. Low oceanic concentrations of CH3I from 0.1–5.4 pmol L-1 were equally distributed throughout the investigation area. CHBr3 of 1.0–42.4 pmol L-1 and CH2Br2 of 1.0–9.4 pmol L-1 were measured with maximum concentrations close to the Mauritanian coast. Atmospheric mixing rations of CH3I of up to 3.3, CHBr3 to 8.9 and CH2Br2 to 3.1 ppt above the upwelling and 1.8, 12.8, respectively 2.2 ppt at a Cape Verdean coast were detected during the campaign. While diel variability in CH3I emissions could be mainly ascribed to oceanic non-biological production, no main driver was identified for its emissions in the entire study region. In contrast, oceanic bromocarbons resulted from biogenic sources which were identified as regional drivers of their sea-to-air fluxes. The diel impact of wind speed on bromocarbon emissions increased with decreasing distance to the coast. The height of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) was determined as an additional factor influencing halocarbon emissions. Oceanic and atmospheric halocarbons correlated well in the study region and in combination with high oceanic CH3I, CHBr3 and CH2Br2 concentrations, local hot spots of atmospheric halocarbons could solely be explained by marine sources. This conclusion is in contrast with previous studies that hypothesized the occurrence of elevated atmospheric halocarbons over the eastern tropical Atlantic mainly originating from the West-African continent.
A joint probability approach using a 1-D hydrodynamic model for estimating high water level frequencies in the Lower Rhine Delta
Authors: Zhong H. , van Overloop P.-J. , van Gelder P. H. A. J. M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Lower Rhine Delta, a transitional area between the River Rhine and Meuse and the North Sea, is at risk of flooding induced by infrequent events of a storm surge or upstream flooding, or by more infrequent events of a combination of both. A joint probability analysis of the astronomical tide, the wind induced storm surge, the Rhine flow and the Meuse flow at the boundaries is established in order to produce the joint probability distribution of potential flood events. Three individual joint probability distributions are established corresponding to three potential flooding causes: storm surges and normal Rhine discharges, normal sea levels and high Rhine discharges, and storm surges and high Rhine discharges. For each category, its corresponding joint probability distribution is applied, in order to stochastically simulate a large number of scenarios. These scenarios can be used as inputs to a deterministic 1-D hydrodynamic model in order to estimate the high water level frequency curves at the transitional locations. The results present the exceedance probability of the present design water level for the economically important cities of Rotterdam and Dordrecht. The calculated exceedance probability is evaluated and compared to the governmental norm. Moreover, the impact of climate change on the high water level frequency curves is quantified for the year 2050 in order to assist in decisions regarding the adaptation of the operational water management system and the flood defense system.
The Cult of St. Margaret of Antioch at Tarrant Crawford:
Authors: Jenny C. Bledsoe
Published: July 2013

The Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Tarrant Crawford, features wall paintings (fourteenth century) and a psalter (fifteenth century) narrating the life of St. Margaret of Antioch. The twelfth-century home of anchoresses and, later, a nunnery, Tarrant Crawford is associated with several hagiographical narratives about St. Margaret, all of which were written after and informed by the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). Popular throughout medieval England, St. Margaret's vita provided poignant examples for religious women living isolated, ascetic lives. Both local narratives (the wall paintings and psalter) use St. Margaret's body to convey an exemplary model to their audiences. Through the saint's example, medieval Christians learned to use their own bodies to express piety through self-denial, personal awareness of sin, and the maintenance of virginity.
A Novel Route to Isoquinoline[2,1-g][1,6]naphthyridine, Pyrazolo[5,1-a] isoquinoline and Pyridazino[4´,5´:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline Derivatives With Evaluation of Antitumor Activities
Authors: Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Wardkhan Wagnat W. , Mohammed Yasmin Sh.
Published: July 2013

(E)-2-Chloro-3-(2-cyanovinyl)-9,10-dimethoxy-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrido[2,1-a] isoquinoline- 1-carbonitrile (5) was obtained by treatment of the 2-chloro-3-formylpyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivative 3 with 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile (4). Treatment of 5 with sodium azide afforded the corresponding azido compound 6 which could be reduced by sodium dithionite to compound 7. A novel isoquinolino[2,1-g][1,6]naphthyridine derivative 11 was obtained by the reaction of phenyl isothiocyanate with the phosphorane compound 8, which was prepared by the reaction of compound 6 with triphenylphosphine. Treatment of 5 with amines 12a-c and thiophenols 14a-c in refluxing ethanol afforded the corresponding substitution products 13a-c and 15a-c, respectively. Also, the reaction of 1 with a-oxo hydroxamoyl chlorides 16 was reinvestigated, and the synthesized pyrazoloisoquinolines 19a-f and pyridazinopyrazoloisoquinolines 20a, e were screened for their in vitro antitumor activities.
Ligand-free Palladium/Copper Co-catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Yu Jian , Yan Guobing
Published: July 2013

New reaction conditions for the direct arylation of polyfluoroarenes with aryl iodides have been developed. This reaction can be co-catalyzed by palladium=copper without ligands and exhibits excellent functional group compatibility.
A Mn(II) Coordination Polymer with Sulfate and trans-1,2-Bis(4- pyridyl)ethylene Bridges: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic and Ferroelectric Properties
Authors: Xu Wei , Lin Jian-Li
Published: July 2013

Reaction of MnSO4 and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) results in a new coordination polymer, [Mn(H2O)2(bpe)(SO4)]·H2O. The title complex crystallizes in the polar monoclinic space group C2. The octahedrally coordinated Mn atoms are bridged by sulfate anions and bpe ligands to form two-dimensional sheets with (42·63·8) topology. This polar complex displays ferroelectricity with a remanent polarization (2Pr) of ca. 0:5779 μC cm-2, a coercive field (2Ec) of 8:8 kV cm-1, and a saturation of the spontaneous polarization (PS) of ca. 0:4177 μC cm-2. The magnetic behavior of the title complex suggests significant antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between Mn(II) ions bridged by sulfate anions. Furthermore, the title complex was subjected to elemental analysis, IR spectroscopic measurement and thermal analysis.
Steroids and Ceramide from the Stem Bark of Odyendyea gabonensis
Authors: Ngeufa Happi Emmanuel , Fannang Simone Véronique , Fomani Marie , Moladje Donkwe Suzye Mireille , Carine Nicaise Nkoungou Yomzak , Wansi Jean Duplex , Sewald Norbert
Published: July 2013

Two new steroids, 22E, 24R-stigmast-22-ene-3,6,11-trione (1) and 22E, 24R-3-acetylstigmasta- 5,22-diene-7,11-dione (2), and one new ceramide, (2S,3S,4R,5R) N-(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyundecan- 2-yl)tetradecanamide (7), together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract of the stem bark of Odyendyea gabonensis. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectral (EI and ESI) data, chemical reactions, and comparison with previously known analogs. Pure compounds were tested for their activity against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the fungi Mucor miehei and Candida albicans, and the plant pathogen oomycetes Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani using the paper disk agar diffusion assay. For active compounds, MICs were determined by the broth microdilution assay. Cytotoxic activity against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A 549 was evaluated by the MTT assay. All compounds delivered low to missing antimicrobial activities in the agar diffusion assay and MICs > 1 μg mL-1. The alkaloids 10 and 11 displayed cytotoxic activity against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with IC50 2.5 and 4:5 μm respectively.
Lavoura arcaica e as forças primordiais do romance
Authors: Conceição Francisco Mateus
Published: July 2013

Neste artigo pretendemos analisar o romance Lavoura Arcaica a partir dos cinco principais elementos constitutivos da estrutura narrativa: enredo, personagens, espaço, tempo e narrador. Entendemos que, nessa obra, estes elementos incorporam, em sua máxima potência, o caráter moderno do romance, enquanto tensão e complexidade. Por este motivo, podem servir como porta de entrada para a análise de outros aspectos do universo da narrativa, como a memória e o poder patriarcal, que também serão objetos desta abordagem.
História e memórias em Palavra de honra de Ana Maria Machado
Authors: Silva Mara Lúcia Barbosa da
Published: July 2013

Este artigo se propõe a discutir como em Palavra de honra através da utilização de recursos narrativos distintos e por meio de histórias narradas de forma fragmentada, formando um grande mosaico, são constituídas as memórias individuais e afetivas da família Almeida Almada, as memórias coletivas e históricas do Brasil, e de certa forma também as do Ocidente, memórias essas que se mesclam de forma indissociável. Para tanto nos valeremos de conceitos teóricos acerca das formas de narração e de seus recursos, bem como de noções sobre memória.
Os companheiros (uma história embaçada): as perspectivas em um período pós-traumático
Authors: Silva Mara Lúcia Barbosa da , Strenzel Priscila Luísa
Published: July 2013

O período ditatorial brasileiro influenciou de maneira direta a vida dos integrantes da sociedade da década de 1960 até 1985, tanto na parte pessoal quanto artística e literária, como no caso do escritor gaúcho Caio Fernando Abreu. Em algumas de suas obras, na sua maioria contos, são encontrados traços da repressão sofrida na época. Os relatos de seus textos denunciam o governo opressor responsável pela privação dos sonhos, ideais e esperanças de liberdade, embora não descreva de forma explícita a ditadura militar no Brasil. Este artigo pretende discutir as experiências sociais relacionadas com a opressão, marcadas pela imposição da dor e da repressão, especificamente, no conto “Os companheiros (uma história embaçada)” que compõe o livro Morangos Mofados.
Gene Signatures Distinguish Stage-Specific Prostate Cancer Stem Cells Isolated From Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Lesions and Predict the Malignancy of Human Tumors
Authors: Mazzoleni Stefania , Jachetti Elena , Morosini Sara , Grioni Matteo , Piras Ignazio Stefano , Pala Mauro , Bulfone Alessandro , Freschi Massimo , Bellone Matteo , Galli Rossella
Published: July 2013

The relevant social and economic impact of prostate adenocarcinoma, one of the leading causes of death in men, urges critical improvements in knowledge of the pathogenesis and cure of this disease. These can also be achieved by implementing in vitro and in vivo preclinical models by taking advantage of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). The best-characterized mouse model of prostate cancer is the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. TRAMP mice develop a progressive lesion called prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia that evolves into adenocarcinoma (AD) between 24 and 30 weeks of age. ADs often metastasize to lymph nodes, lung, bones, and kidneys. Eventually, approximately 5% of the mice develop an androgen-independent neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma. Here we report the establishment of long-term self-renewing PCSC lines from the different stages of TRAMP progression by application of the neurosphere assay. Stage-specific prostate cell lines were endowed with the critical features expected from malignant bona fide cancer stem cells, namely, self-renewal, multipotency, and tumorigenicity. Notably, transcriptome analysis of stage-specific PCSCs resulted in the generation of well-defined, meaningful gene signatures, which identify distinct stages of human tumor progression. As such, TRAMP-derived PCSCs represent a novel and valuable preclinical model for elucidating the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to prostate adenocarcinoma and for the identification of molecular mediators to be pursued as therapeutic targets.
Mise à jour d’une adaptation canadienne-française des règles de publication de l’APA : typographie et présentation des références
Authors: Raîche Gilles , Noël-Gaudreault Monique
Published: July 2013

Cet article a pour objectif de proposer une adaptation mise à jour, pour le Canada francophone, de la 6e
version des règles de publication de l’American
psychological association au regard de la typographie ainsi que des
règles de présentation des références.
Cette adaptation s’inspire des pratiques de rédaction en
langue française adoptées au cours des dernières
années par différents organismes et instances, ou
soutenues par différents standards. Les choix effectués
sont justifiés et des exemples de présentation des
références, aussi bien à l’intérieur
du texte qu’à la section des références,
permettent d’illustrer ces choix. De plus, ces exemples montrent
comment effectuer la présentation des références
dans une langue autre que le français.
Représentations, chez les enseignants, de la pratique du modelage dans le contexte d’une rédaction
Authors: Lamarre Nicole , Cavanagh Martine
Published: July 2013

Le but de cette étude de cas est de mettre en évidence les représentations que deux enseignants au postsecondaire se font du modelage en situation de rédaction. Des entrevues ont été menées auprès de deux chargés de cours qui ont mis cette intervention pédagogique en oeuvre dans leur cours de dissertation. Trois conditions d’emploi efficace du modelage se dégagent de l’analyse inductive de leurs propos : l’enseignant doit être prédisposé à faire le modelage, il doit cibler une stratégie appropriée et il doit pouvoir travailler dans la complexité inhérente à cette pratique enseignante.
Transcutaneous Bowel Sonography for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Sensitive and Specific When Performed in a Nonexpert Low‐Volume North American Center
Authors: Sey Michael Sai Lai , Gregor Jamie , Chande Nilesh , Ponich Terry , Bhaduri Mousumi , Lum Andrea , Zaleski Witek , Yan Brian
Published: July 2013

Objectives

Transcutaneous bowel sonography is a nonionizing imaging modality used in inflammatory bowel disease. Although available in Europe, its uptake in North America has been limited. Since the accuracy of bowel sonography is highly operator dependent, low‐volume centers in North America may not achieve the same diagnostic accuracy reported in the European literature. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of bowel sonography in a nonexpert low‐volume center.

Methods

All cases of bowel sonography at a single tertiary care center during an 18‐month period were reviewed. Bowel sonography was compared with reference standards, including small‐bowel follow‐through, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, colonoscopy, and surgical findings.

Results

A total of 103 cases were included for analysis during the study period. The final diagnoses included Crohn disease (72), ulcerative colitis (8), hemolytic uremic syndrome (1), and normal (22). The sensitivity and specificity of bowel sonography for intestinal wall inflammation were 87.8% and 92.6%, respectively. In the subset of patients who had complications of Crohn disease, the sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 100% for fistulas and 14% and 100% for strictures. One patient had an abscess, which was detected by bowel sonography. Abnormal bowel sonographic findings contributed to the escalation of treatment in 55% of cases.

Conclusions

Bowel sonography for inflammatory bowel disease can be performed in low‐volume centers and provides diagnostic accuracy for luminal disease comparable with published data, although it is less sensitive for complications of Crohn disease.
Spectral Doppler Sonography
Authors: Hillelsohn Joel H. , Chuang Kai-Wen , Goldenberg Etai , Gilbert Bruce R.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

Sonography is a noninvasive, office‐based diagnostic tool often used for evaluation of subfertile men. Previous studies have suggested that a resistive index (RI) greater than 0.6 is associated with impaired spermatogenesis. We sought to validate this threshold in a urologic patient population presenting for infertility evaluation.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 99 consecutive patients seen for nonobstructive male infertility at our institution. Patient demographics, semen analysis parameters, hormone profiles, lipid profiles, and penile and scrotal sonographic measurements were recorded. The RI was calculated from measurements of the peak systolic velocity and end‐diastolic velocity. Ninety‐one patients fit the inclusion criteria and were subsequently divided into 2 groups based on RI: group 1 with RI values of 0.6 or less (n = 49) and group 2 with RI values greater than 0.6 (n = 42).

Results

Variables that were significantly different between the groups included age, total sperm count, percent motile sperm, total motile sperm, follicle‐stimulating hormone, high‐density lipoprotein, and testis volume. On the other hand, body mass index, forward progression, World Health Organization score, total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were not significantly different between the groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve revealed an area under the curve of 0.64 (confidence interval, 0.52–0.75; P = .025). At the threshold of greater than 0.6, the RI had specificity of 63.27% and a 1.56 likelihood ratio to predict total motile sperm less than 20 × 106 at spermatogenesis.

Conclusions

An intratesticular RI greater than 0.6 is associated with impaired spermatogenesis. This finding supports the use of testicular spectral Doppler sonography as a noninvasive tool for evaluation of testicular function.
Assessment of Age‐Related Changes in Left Ventricular Twist by 3‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Tavakoli Vahid , Sahba Nima
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the normal value of left ventricular (LV) twist in 3‐dimensional (3D) geometry and to study the effects of aging on 3D LV twist by sophisticated newly developed 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiographic techniques.

Methods

Recent developments in miniaturized ultrasound arrays have provided us with high‐quality 3D echocardiographic data. Speckle tracking based on 3D images is robust to out‐of‐plane motion error, whereas 2‐dimensional speckle tracking is inherently unable to analyze 3D cardiac motion and may lead to measurement inaccuracies. Three‐dimensional LV volumetric images were acquired from 124 healthy volunteers (aged 21–82 years) and were analyzed by a recent speckle‐tracking method. Left ventricular twist was analyzed as apical rotation relative to the base in the 3D coordinates. The measured parameters in this study were peak apical rotation, peak basal rotation, peak LV twist, normalized peak LV twist, and peak untwist velocity.

Results

As seen from the apex, the normal LV maintains a wringing systolic displacement with an initial counterclockwise rotation followed by a clockwise rotation in the LV basal plane and a counterclockwise rotation in the LV apical plane. In general, the apical and basal twist increases during the aging process, leading to an increased LV twist value. The mean peak twist ± SD in young participants (21–35 years) was 11.73° ± 2.67°, whereas the value for older participants (>65 years) was 18.57° ± 3.08° (P < .001).

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography can be an effective noninvasive method for assessing 3D LV twist. Age‐related differences in the 3D LV twist may be the result of the age‐related changes in the endocardial myofibers.
Symposium Abstracts: Alphabetical by Author F-K
Authors: Editor IJADR
Published: July 2013

Global Footprints of Travelling Cultural Image - The 38th Annual Symposium of KBS, Stavanger, Norway, 4-8 June 2012doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i2.138
40 Jahre Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion: eine Erfolgsgeschichte
Authors: Matsuo Jun‐ichi , Murakami Masahiro
Published: July 2013

Die Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion, über die Teruaki Mukaiyama 1973 erstmals berichtete, ist eine gerichtete gekreuzte Aldolreaktion von Silylenolethern mit Carbonylverbindungen in Gegenwart einer Lewis‐Säure. Varianten dieser Reaktion, die ebenfalls in der Arbeitsgruppe Mukaiyama entwickelt wurden, sind die gerichteten gekreuzten Aldolreaktionen in Gegenwart von Borenolaten und Zinn(II)‐enolaten. Allesamt sind es wertvolle Methoden für den Aufbau von stereochemisch komplexen Molekülen aus zwei Carbonylverbindungen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz gibt einen historischen Überblick über die Entdeckung und frühe Entwicklungsphase dieser Reaktionen.
Ligand‐Functionalization of BPEI‐Coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ Nanophosphors for Tumor‐Cell‐Targeted Imaging Applications
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chin , Huang Sheng‐Cih , Wang Yu‐Kuo , Liu Yuan‐Ting , Wu Tung‐Kung , Chen Teng‐Ming
Published: July 2013

In this study, surface‐functionalized, branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)‐modified YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully synthesized by a simple, rapid, solvent‐free hydrothermal method. The BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs with high crystallinity show broad‐band excitation in the λ=250 to 400 nm near‐ultraviolet (NUV) region and exhibit a sharp‐line emission band centered at λ=619 nm under excitation at λ=350 nm. The surface amino groups contributed by the capping agent, BPEI, not only improve the dispersibility and water/buffer stability of the BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs, but also provide a capability for specifically targeted biomolecule conjugation. Folic acid (FA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were further attached to the BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs and exhibited effective positioning of fluorescent NCs toward the targeted folate receptor overexpressed in HeLa cells or EGFR overexpressed in A431 cells with low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the ligand‐functionalized, BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+ NCs show great potential as a new‐generation biological luminescent bioprobe for bioimaging applications. Moreover, the unique luminescence properties of BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs show potential to combine with a UVA photosensitizing drug to produce both detective and therapeutic effects for human skin cancer therapy.
Truck capacity analysis in a cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Tootkaleh Sajjad , Akbarpour Shirazi Mohsen , Fatemi Ghomi Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Hosseini Seyed Davod
Published: July 2013

In a transportation network, decision making parameters may change and may cause the optimum value of objective function to vary in a specific range. Therefore, managers try to identify the effects of these changes by sensitive analysis to find appropriate solutions. In this paper, first, a model for cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment is presented, and then an algorithm based on branch and bound algorithm and dual price concept for sensitive analysis is developed. When managers encounter problems such as budget limit, they may decide to change the capacity of trucks as a procedure to reduce the transportation costs of the network. The algorithm provides a useful lower bound on the solutions of the problems and makes it easy for the managers to eliminate inappropriate options of truck capacities, which cannot lead to cost reduction. To verify the algorithm, an example will be given at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitioning Studies of Glutaminase in Polyethylene Glycol and Salt‐Based Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Bolar S. , Belur P. D. , Iyyaswami R.
Published: July 2013

The partitioning behavior of glutaminase produced from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐salt aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) was investigated. ATPSs comprising of different PEG‐salts were considered. Binodal data and tie lines generated for the selected systems were analyzed and correlated with Othmer‐Tobias and Bancroft equations. Effects of salt type, PEG molecular weight, concentrations of phase components, and tie line length on enzyme partitioning were evaluated.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Power in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zinovyeva Veronika , Nakamae Sawako , Bonetti Marco , Roger Michel
Published: July 2013

The thiolate/disulfide organic redox couple (McMT−/BMT), derived from 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (McMT), recently proposed as an alternative to usual inorganic couples in dye‐sensitized solar cells, exhibits a remarkable reversibility and stability in a thermogalvanic cell containing a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile (EMIMBF4/AN) mixture. The thermoelectric power depends strongly on concentrations of both the ionic liquid and the redox couple. It is enhanced by a factor of six at high ionic‐liquid concentrations. The control of these parameters can be used to enhance the thermopower and the thermoelectric efficiency of future ionic‐liquid thermocells.
High CO2‐Capture Ability of a Porous Organic Polymer Bifunctionalized with Carboxy and Triazole Groups
Authors: Xie Lin‐Hua , Suh Myunghyun Paik
Published: July 2013

A new porous organic polymer, SNU‐C1, incorporating two different CO2‐attracting groups, namely, carboxy and triazole groups, has been synthesized. By activating SNU‐C1 with two different methods, vacuum drying and supercritical‐CO2 treatment, the guest‐free phases, SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca, respectively, were obtained. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca are 595 and 830 m2g−1, respectively, as estimated by the N2‐adsorption isotherms at 77 K. At 298 K and 1 atm, SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca show high CO2 uptakes, 2.31 mmol g−1 and 3.14 mmol g−1, respectively, the high level being due to the presence of abundant polar groups (carboxy and triazole) exposed on the pore surfaces. Five separation parameters for flue gas and landfill gas in vacuum‐swing adsorption were calculated from single‐component gas‐sorption isotherms by using the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The data reveal excellent CO2‐separation abilities of SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca, namely high CO2‐uptake capacity, high selectivity, and high regenerability. The gas‐cycling experiments for the materials and the water‐treated samples, experiments that involved treating the samples with a CO2‐N2 gas mixture (15:85, v/v) followed by a pure N2 purge, further verified the high regenerability and water stability. The results suggest that these materials have great potential applications in CO2 separation.
Recent Advances in Inhibitors of Bacterial Fatty Acid Synthesis Type II (FASII) System Enzymes as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Wang Yi , Ma Shutao
Published: July 2013

Bacterial infections are a constant and serious threat to human health. With the increase of multidrug resistance of clinically pathogenic bacteria, common antibiotic therapies have been less effective. Fatty acid synthesis type II (FASII) system enzymes are essential for bacterial membrane lipid biosynthesis and represent increasingly promising targets for the discovery of antibacterial agents with new mechanisms of action. This review highlights recent advances in inhibitors of bacterial FASII as potential antibacterial agents, paying special attention to the activities, mechanisms, and structure–activity relationships of those inhibitors that mainly target β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase, β‐ketoacyl‐ACP reductase, β‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP dehydratase, and enoyl‐ACP reductase. Although inhibitors with low nanomolar and selective activity against various bacterial FASII have entered clinical trials, further research is needed to expand upon both available and yet unknown scaffolds to identify new FASII inhibitors that may have antibacterial potential, particularly against resistant bacterial strains.
GCG100649, A Novel Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor, Exhibits a Drug Disposition Profile in Healthy Volunteers Compatible With High Affinity to Carbonic Anhydrase‐I/II: Preliminary Dose–Exposure Relationships to Define Clinical Development Strategies
Authors: Hirankarn Sarapee , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Alamuddin Naji , FitzGerald Garret A. , Skarke Carsten
Published: July 2013

CG100649, proposed as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and carbonic anhydrase (CA)‐I/‐II, is long‐lived in plasma and whole blood. The mean ± SD half‐lives were 131 ± 19 and 127 ± 33 hours, respectively, after administration of oral single doses of 2 or 8 mg CG100649 to healthy volunteers. The whole blood to plasma concentration ratio (78 ± 23) for CG100649 is linear over the dosing interval reflecting a biodistribution pattern consistent with other strong CA‐inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide, methazolamide). A one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination described CG100649 concentration‐time profiles well. Estimates (%relative SD) between plasma and whole blood were in agreement for the absorption rate constant, 1.54 (58.6) and 1.43 (28.0) hour−1, respectively, but considerably different for clearance, 3.29 (10.4) and 0.04 (7.7) L/h/70 kg, and for volume of distribution, 559 (6.7) and 7.6 (2.4) L/70 kg, respectively. The extent to which these unique PK characteristics of CG100649 discriminate it from other COX‐2 inhibitors will be the subject of future investigation.
An adaptive service selection method for cross‐cloud service composition
Authors: Yang Jun , Lin Wenmin , Dou Wanchun
Published: July 2013

Cloud computing aims at providing elastic applications that can be scaled at runtime. In practice, traditional service composition methods are not flexible enough to changes in cross‐cloud environment. In view of this challenge, an adaptive service selection method for cross‐cloud service composition is proposed in this paper, by dynamically selecting proper services with near‐optimal performance for adapting to changes in time. First, concretely speaking, the service selection and execution are modeled with Markov decision process to ensure flexibility. Second, service pair is defined, and the way to build service pairs set is proposed to predict the performance of candidate services. Third, the adaptive service selection algorithm is designed to select proper cloud services for changing cross‐cloud environment. Finally, a case study for cross‐cloud service composition and experiments are presented for validating the feasibility of our proposal. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A service evaluation method for cross‐cloud service choreography
Authors: Zhang Shaoqian , Dou Wanchun , Chen Jinjun
Published: July 2013

Traditionally, a service is often located by its functional specification, and then evaluated by its QoS properties. In practice, a service may have multiple functional specifications for satisfying different users with different expectation descriptions around a similar functional property. For example, a song retrieval service may be enacted by the name of a song or enacted by the lyric of the song if a user does not know the name of the song. In view of this challenge, a service evaluation method promoted by multi‐functional specification is proposed for cross‐cloud service choreography, in this paper. Concretely speaking, a mixed integer programming model is employed to decompose global constraints into local constraints; then, the evaluation is promoted by multi‐functional specification and enacted by brokers for cross‐cloud service choreography. At last, experiments are presented to verify our method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of snow cover duration on soil evaporation and respiration efflux in mixed‐conifer ecosystems
Authors: Nelson Krystine , Kurc Shirley A. , John Grace , Minor Rebecca , Barron‐Gafford Greg A.
Published: July 2013

Subalpine mixed‐conifer ecosystems are dependent on snowfall, which is expected to decrease under projected climate change. Changes in snowpack are likely to have important consequences for water and carbon cycling in these and downstream ecosystems. Particularly within semi‐arid environments, snowpack changes will directly influence localized water and carbon dynamics and indirectly influence regional‐scale levels of water availability and carbon sequestration. In this study, we monitor soil evaporation (E) and soil respiration (R) and evaluate how snow cover affects these effluxes within a mixed‐conifer ecosystem within the Santa Catalina Mountains about 10 km north of Tucson, Arizona. Using time‐lapse digital photos, we identified areas of consistent short and long snow duration, and we monitored E and R in these areas every 2 weeks for 15 months. Our primary findings include the following: (1) Dynamics of E are not different between long and short snow season sites, (2) E for both short and long snow seasons has a strong relationship with soil moisture and a poor relationship with soil temperature, (3) dynamics of R vary between long and short snow season sites throughout the year, with short snow season fluxes typically higher than those of long snow season sites, and (4) R for short and long snow seasons has a strong relationship with soil temperature and a poor relationship with soil moisture. Because climate change will only exacerbate both drying–wetting and cooling–warming cycles, detangling these complex relationships becomes increasingly important for understanding shifts in carbon dynamics in these subalpine mixed‐conifer ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of LAI‐MODIS and the influence on drought simulation in a Mediterranean forest
Authors: Chakroun H. , Mouillot F. , Nasr Z. , Nouri M. , Ennajah A. , Ourcival J. M.
Published: July 2013

This study investigates the benefits and methodological issues to integrate weekly 1 km Leaf Area Index (LAI) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (LAI‐MODIS) (MOD15A2) satellite product in a distributed water budget model over a Mediterranean forested ecosystem of about 2553 km2 for drought assessment at regional scale. The high overestimation of LAI‐MODIS compared to field measurements was corrected based on the calibration of high‐resolution Satellites Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images combined with ground measurements. The LAI‐MODIS time series over the 2003 to 2009 period has been calibrated and integrated into a spatially explicit water budget model at the regional level using spatial information on vegetation, soil types and topoclimates. Actual LAI‐MODIS scenario was tested against temporal and spatial null models to assess for the benefits of the regional heterogeneity from MODIS and its intra‐annual and interannual variation in a water budget model. From water budget analyses at local and regional scales, we concluded that calibration of LAI‐MODIS images was mandatory to enhance the correlation coefficient between measured and simulated daily actual transpiration. We estimated daily bias in the resulting ‘Water Stress Index’ to be slightly affected between constant and seasonally‐varying LAI datasets. However, the interannual variability in LAI detected by MODIS followed LAI adjustments expected from the ecohydrological equilibrium hypothesis. This can significantly affect the simulated annual drought period features, so that integrating LAI‐MODIS spatial and temporal variability into water budget models for evergreen Mediterranean vegetation can be a useful dataset when carbon allocation schemes in dynamic vegetation models are lacking, but should be carefully calibrated particularly in transitions towards semi‐arid zones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyridyl‐Functionalised [5]Polynorbornane‐Based Ligands for Metal–Organic Rings and Cages
Authors: Johnstone Mark D. , Frank Marina , Clever Guido H. , Pfeffer Frederick M.
Published: July 2013

A solvent‐free multicomponent protocol for the rapid (< 30 min) synthesis of pyridyl‐functionalised [5]polynorbornane ligands is described in which both 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and imide formation occur. The ligands produced by this approach have been incorporated into new Pd and Pt M1L2 chelate complexes as well as an M2L4 cage as elucidated from NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS and computational data.
Cross-species sensitivity to a novel androgen receptor agonist of potential environmental concern, spironolactone
Authors: LaLone Carlie A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Cavallin Jenna E. , Kahl Michael D. , Durhan Elizabeth J. , Makynen Elizabeth A. , Jensen Kathleen M. , Stevens Kyle E. , Severson Megan N. , Blanksma Chad A. , Flynn Kevin M. , Hartig Philip C. , Woodard Jonne S. , Berninger Jason P. , Norberg-King Teresa J. , Johnson Rodney D. , Ankley Gerald T.
Published: July 2013

Spironolactone is a pharmaceutical that in humans is used to treat conditions like hirsutism, various dermatologic afflictions, and female-pattern hair loss through antagonism of the androgen receptor. Although not routinely monitored in the environment, spironolactone has been detected downstream of a pharmaceutical manufacturer, indicating a potential for exposure of aquatic species. Furthermore, spironolactone has been reported to cause masculinization of female western mosquitofish, a response indicative of androgen receptor activation. Predictive methods to identify homologous proteins to the human and western mosquitofish androgen receptor suggest that vertebrates would be more susceptible to adverse effects mediated by chemicals like spironolactone that target the androgen receptor compared with invertebrate species that lack a relevant homolog. In addition, an adverse outcome pathway previously developed for activation of the androgen receptor suggests that androgen mimics can lead to reproductive toxicity in fish. To assess this, 21-d reproduction studies were conducted with 2 fish species, fathead minnow and Japanese medaka, and the invertebrate Daphnia magna. Spironolactone significantly reduced the fecundity of medaka and fathead minnows at 50 μg/L, whereas daphnia reproduction was not affected by concentrations as large as 500 μg/L. Phenotypic masculinization of females of both fish species was observed at 5 μg/L as evidenced by formation of tubercles in fathead minnows and papillary processes in Japanese medaka. Effects in fish occurred at concentrations below those reported in the environment. These results demonstrate how a priori knowledge of an adverse outcome pathway and the conservation of a key molecular target across vertebrates can be utilized to identify potential chemicals of concern in terms of monitoring and highlight potentially sensitive species and endpoints for testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2528–2541. © 2013 SETAC
Effects of food limitation on 9 metal concentrations in liver and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) previously exposed to contaminated sediments
Authors: Kerambrun Elodie , Amara Rachid , Henry Francoise
Published: July 2013

A 2-step experimental design was employed in the present study on juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): 1) juveniles were exposed for 26 d to 2 contaminated sediments and a reference one, and 2) they were transferred in clean seawater with clean sediment for 35 d, feeding fish once a day, twice a week, or once a week. Fish exposed to contaminated sediments presented a significant increase of hepatic Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations compared with the reference condition after the 26-d exposure. Higher fluorescence signals of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were found in bile from turbot exposed to contaminated sediments for 26 d compared with reference. These signals returned to values similar to reference fish after depuration whatever the food quantity. The metal bioaccumulation of Cd, Cu, and Pb was no longer observed after 35-d depuration with once-a-day feeding but was still found with restricted feeding conditions. Results on reference fish also showed significantly higher concentrations of most metals analyzed in fish fed twice a week and once a week compared with fish fed once a day. These results could be related to a decrease of fish hepatosomatic index with food limitation and, thus, a dilution effect on metal concentrations. The present study clearly demonstrates that changes in feeding status have significant effects on metal concentrations in fish and no observed effect on PAH metabolites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2552–2557. © 2013 SETAC