bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI PERILAKU KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMADANAN NIK MENJADI NPWP
Authors: Jama Ahmad Kamal , Yulianti Yulianti , Rahayu Siti , Purba Rebeka Meidiana
Published: January 2025

Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK) merupakan kode identitas yang dimiliki setiap penduduk untuk memenuhi hak dan kewajibannya sebagai warga negara. Selain NIK, warga negara juga wajib memiliki Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) untuk memenuhi kewajiban dan hak perpajakannya. Atas dasar fungsi dan kedudukan yang sama, Pemerintah mengeluarkan program pemadananan antara NIK dan NPWP bagi semua wajib pajak untuk tujuan simplikasi administrasi dan peningkatan kepatuhan perpajakan. Namun, edukasi dan sosialisasi akan pentingnya kewajiban pemadananan tersebut perlu dilakukan oleh semua pihak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pemadananan NIK dan NPWP untuk memudahkan pemenuhan kewajiban perpajakan terutama dalam berperilaku sebagai konsumen dalam transaksi online. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap yaitu observasi, sosialisasi, implementasi dan evaluasi. Edukasi pemadanan NIK dan NPWP memiliki dampak positif bagi wajib pajak selain untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan perpajakan juga mengubah perilaku konsumen untuk lebih menyeleksi kegiatan konsumsi dalam transaksi online.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT TANAMAN KARET BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING
Authors: Imron Ali , Qisthiano M Riski
Published: January 2025

Sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit tanaman karet merupakan sebuah sistem yang bekerja berdasarkan dari kumpulan fakta yang didapat dari seorang pakar tanaman karet, dari sekumpulan fakta tersebut maka akan disimpulkan sebagai jawaban dari fakta-fakta yang ada. Sistem pencarian kesimpulan dari fakta-fakta tersebut menggunakan sistem inferensi berupa forward chaining yang sistem kerjanya menggunakan rule base. Rule base terdiri dari if and then, dimana if berisi sekumpulan fakta-fakta yang ada sedangkan then merupakan kesimpulan dari fakta-fakta yang terdapat didalam if. Kesimpulan yang terdapat didalam then akan ditampilkan sebagai hasil dari diagnosa pada aplikasi sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit tanaman karet berbasis android dengan metode forward chaining. Hasil dari kesimpulan fakta-fakta ini lah yang bisa digunakan sebagai diagnosa awal dari penyakit tanaman karet
1966: Sovereignty's Symphony - The Pivotal Journey
Authors: Gaurav Bhatia Col , Bhatia Arundhati , Thakur Dr. Anjali
Published: January 2025

At first glance, 1966 might seem like just another year in the chronological progression of time. Nothing could be farther from the truth, since this year is undoubtedly an epoch-making year, with its reverberations being felt far beyond the twelve months on the calendar. Beneath its unassuming surface lay the seeds of historical transformation, particularly for the Indian subcontinent. As I explore this momentous year, it is worth noting that it was in December, on the 18th day, that I, made my entry into the world. But let us momentarily set aside this personal note and focus on the broader canvas of history that unfolded in 1966.
Status of Utilization of Cloud Computing in Education and Research in India
Authors: Chahal Deepak , Chahal Sandeep , Kumar Sandeep
Published: January 2025

Cloud computing has emerged as a transformative technology in education and research worldwide, offering scalable, cost-effective, and flexible solutions. In India, the adoption of cloud computing in education and research has witnessed significant growth, driven by digitalization initiatives, the rise of online learning, and the need for advanced research tools. This paper explores the current status, benefits, challenges, and future potential of cloud computing in Indian education and research sectors.

Nowadays Cloud computing has become a significant enabler in the digital transformation of education and research in India. With its ability to provide scalable, cost-effective, and flexible solutions, cloud technology has found applications across educational institutions and research organizations. The current status of cloud computing utilization in these domains is marked by both promising advancements and notable challenges.
Influencia de Modelos matemáticos para la optimización de los procesos de transporte de carga terrestre
Authors: Barrionuevo Martínez Jhon Paul , Rázuri Soto Celso Juan José , Campos Vasquez Neicer
Published: January 2025

En la presente investigación se analizó los modelos matemáticos: Programación lineal, método de la esquina noroeste, método de aproximación de Vogel, método de Stepping Stone y método de aproximación de Russel con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de los mismos en el proceso de transporte de carga terrestre logrando determinar cuál es el más eficiente, complejo y rápido. Para lograr determinar el nivel de eficiencia se evaluaron los costos del plan de envíos que generan los modelos matemáticos. Para la evaluación del nivel de complejidad se hizo en función a la cantidad de procedimientos que se tengan que emplear para el desarrollo del modelo matemático.  Y por ultimo para la evaluación de la rapidez esta se midió eb función al tiempo que se empleó para el desarrollo de los modelos matemáticos en los términos y condiciones del caso práctico. Se concluyó que el método de aproximación de Vogel es el que satisface con las funcionalidades para optimizar un modelo de transporte de carga Terrestre en función a los criterios evaluados.
On the absolute stability of automatic control systems in the vicinity of a program manifold
Authors: Zhumatov Sailaubay , Talipova Meiramgul , Kobeyeva Zagira
Published: January 2025

The problem of constructing automatic control systems according to a given program manifold is considered. First, a general method for constructing ordinary differential equations is given, which reduced to choosing some function that provides the stability of a given manifold. Then the absolute stability of automatic control systems in the vicinity of given program manifold is investigated. Nonlinearities satisfy to the conditions of local quadratic connections and they are differentiable in all variables.  Sufficient conditions of the absolute stability of the program manifold with respect to the given vector functions are obtained by constructing the Lyapunov function, in the type of “quadratic form plus an integral from nonlinearity”. Frequency  conditions of absolute stability for the program manifold of control systems are established. Also sufficient conditions of the absolute stability automatic control systems with non-stationary nonlinearities are received.
Peranan Advokasi LSM Dalam Mendorong Penegakan Hukum dan HAM di Era Reformasi
Authors: Anastasya Rasita Br PA  , Drep Salna Saskia Br Sitepu  , Elixabhet Gisella , Relita Siburian  , Zahwa Redho Adianingsih
Published: January 2025

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are entities operating independently of the government, focusing on community empowerment and the protection of human rights. During the reform era, advocacy NGOs emerged as key actors in promoting the rule of law and human rights, striving to foster societal participation as a step toward democracy. Despite their vital role, there remains a lack of understanding regarding regulations and the challenges of law and human rights enforcement. This article examines the regulatory framework underpinning the establishment of NGOs in the context of human rights, analyzes the driving and inhibiting factors, and evaluates the advocacy role of NGOs in upholding law and human rights alongside civil society in the reform era. Regulations related to the establishment of NGOs have evolved in line with societal needs. However, the dynamics of NGOs have not kept pace with the rapid demands of society. This study employs a normative-empirical legal research method, analyzing positive law and societal realities. Although advocacy NGOs hold significant potential in championing human rights and the legal foundations for their establishment exist, substantial challenges persist. Thus, regulatory improvements are necessary to provide stronger support and foster collaboration among the government, society, and advocacy NGOs in the enforcement of law and human rights.
Effects of Stitch Length on Wound Complications After Closure of Incision
Authors: Jalanee Rizwan , Choudhary Muhammad Amjad , Arif Khurram , Khan Irfanullah , Hussain Muhammad , Kakar Sana Ullah
Published: January 2025

Background: Surgical incision closure is essential for wound healing and postoperative recovery. Stitch length plays a critical role in preventing complications such as infection, dehiscence, and delayed healing. Optimal stitch length ensures tissue approximation without excessive tension, yet its precise impact on wound complications remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of different stitch lengths on wound complications after surgical incision closure, with a focus on surgical site infections (SSIs), incisional hernias, and delayed healing. The goal is to identify optimal suture techniques for better postoperative outcomes. Methods: A comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences PIMS, involving 200 patients who underwent midline incision closure with either long or short stitch lengths. Data were collected through patient interviews, direct observations, and medical record reviews. Wound complications and recovery parameters were analyzed to identify significant patterns and risk factors. Results: The study found significantly higher rates of wound complications, including superficial and deep infections, wound dehiscence, and incisional hernias in the long stitch group compared to the short stitch group. Shorter stitch lengths resulted in a higher SL to WL ratio and fewer complications. Conclusion: Shorter stitch lengths with a higher SL to WL ratio reduce the incidence of wound complications following surgical incision closure. These findings suggest that adopting shorter stitch lengths may improve patient recovery and minimize healthcare costs associated with postoperative complications.
Implementation status of Health and Wellness Centers in a community development block of West Bengal: A mixed-method study
Authors: Dandapat Soumik , Mondal Raston , Goswami Pramit , Taraphdar Pranita , Hossain Arif , Sannigrahi Suman
Published: January 2025

Background: Ayushman Bharat is a Flagship Program in India to deliver an expanded range of free health-care services to all. Despite quality health care being a fundamental human right, rural India still grapples with its accessibility. To address this, the Indian Government aims to transform government primary health-care facilities into Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) for comprehensive health-care delivery.
Aims and Objectives: This study was done to assess the implementation status of HWCs and to explore the challenges faced by service providers during service delivery in the Bhatar Community Development block of Purba Bardhaman district.
Materials and Methods: A facility-based, mixed-method study was conducted in Bhatar block, West Bengal from October 22 to February 23. For quantitative component, the implementation status of 12 HWCs was assessed using the national quality assurance standard checklist. For qualitative component, in-depth interview with Community Health Officers (CHOs) was done to explore the constraints.
Results: Among 12 HWCs, 8 (66.67%) scored satisfactorily (≥70%) in overall score. Service provision, clinical services, infection control, and output were among the 8 areas of concern where all HWCs scored satisfactorily (≥60%) while input scored lowest (mean [SD] - 60.58 [9.53]). Among 12 themes, elderly and palliative health care, emergency medical services, and management of mental health ailments were lowest scoring with no HWC crossing satisfactory score (≥70%). Thematic analysis revealed that inadequate infrastructure, resource constraints, administrative and managerial constraints, lack of motivation and inadequate health promotion, and community participation were major constraints faced.
Conclusion: Various challenges need to be addressed, including improving infrastructure, enhancing access to medicines and supplies, providing adequate training to CHOs, and increasing community participation.
Significance of trans-cerebellar diameter over other biometric parameters in the estimation of gestational age
Authors: Imran Nazir Salroo  , Mohd Farooq Mir  , Zahoor Ahmad Raina  , Shazia Bashir  , Musaddiq Rafiq Bhat
Published: January 2025

Background: Trans-cerebellar diameter (TCD) is a crucial fetal biometric parameter used in modern radiology to assess the progress of fetal growth which is vital for prosperous maternal and fetal well-being. Despite advances in ultrasound technology, the accurate measurement of fetal biometers continues to pose considerable challenges. TCD provides a more accurate gestational age, especially in late pregnancy when other parameters may be less reliable due to organic conditions.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of TCD as a reliable biometric parameter in estimating gestational age and to measure the TCD in different gestational ages and establish a reference range. Assessing the correlation between TCD and other biometric parameters to that of gestational age.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at SKIMS MCH Bemina, with 60 pregnant female participants recruited in the study, with consecutive purposive sampling used in the study. Consent was obtained with ethical clearance sought. The correlation between TCD, biparietal diameter (BPD), and crown-rump length (CRL) with gestational age was evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24.0 to determine the strength of these relationships.
Results: The study found strong correlations between fetal biometric measurements and gestational age: TCD (r=0.995), BPD (r=0.993), and CRL (r=0.988). A linear increase in BPD and CRL with increasing gestational age was observed, consistent with previous research the TCD was found particularly as a strong reliable parameter with a higher correlation for assessing fetal growth, especially in cases where other measurements may be less reliable.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that TCD could be a valuable addition to standard fetal biometric measurements in clinical practice. The strong correlation between TCD and gestational age has pivotal implications for improving gestational age estimation. More research is needed to emphasize the use of TCD across many population samples and to explore its potential in fetal growth assessment.
Comparison of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with Tuoren video laryngoscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope in adult hypertensive patients
Authors: Debjani Gayen  , Sangita Mandal  , Debojyoti Das  , Soma Chakraborty  , Sarfraaz Rahman  , Palash Roy  , Mohanchandra Mandal
Published: January 2025

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation lead to unfavorable hemodynamic responses. Many studies have already compared direct laryngoscope (DL) and different types of video laryngoscopes (VLs). While some of those reported favorable response with use of VL, others have depicted an unfavorable response with VL.
Aims and Objectives: Hence, the present study was carried out to compare the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy between use of Macintosh DL and Tuoren VL in controlled hypertensive patients during elective surgery.
Materials and Methods: A total of 122 patients were recruited for this interventional study. Patients were allocated into two groups to have their intubation with Tuoren VL (Group V, n=61) or Macintosh DL (Group D, n=61). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 1 min after intubation was the primary outcome. Other outcome measures were to compare heart rate (HR) at different time points, procedure time (glottis exposure time and intubation time), and number of attempts.
Results: The use of DL led to considerably higher MAP at 1, 3, and 5 min after laryngoscopy and intubation compared with VL. However, comparable HRs were found between the two groups at such time points. Glottis visualization time and intubation time were considerably higher using VL compared with DL. The mean total procedure time was considerably lesser with DL over VL (mean, 29.5 vs. 38.5 s, respectively, <0.001).
Conclusion: Tuoren video laryngoscope can be a better alternative to Macintosh direct laryngoscope in view of considerably lesser rise of mean arterial pressure and comparable heart rate during laryngoscopy and intubation in hypertensive patient.
Knowledge and counseling skills of Accredited Social Health Activists on Infant and Young Child Feeding: A community-based study in a rural block of West Bengal, India
Authors: Aprajita Jha  , Pramit Goswami  , Sutapa Mandal  , Taraphdar Pranita , Arif Hossain  , Suman Sannigrahi
Published: January 2025

Background: Nutrition is critical to the health and development of infants and children. Nutritional deficiencies in early life result in long-term impairment in growth. Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are one of the most effective interventions in improving child health.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the knowledge and counseling skills of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) regarding IYCF in Bhatar community development block of Purba Bardhaman District.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 study subjects selected randomly from 17 subcenters and 38 health and wellness centers of Bhatar block of Purba Bardhaman District. It was conducted using a pre-designed, pre-tested schedule having a total score of 16, from November 2023 to February 2024.
Results: Mean knowledge score of ASHAs regarding IYCF was 12.05±2.24. On further analysis, good, average, and poor knowledge about IYCF was observed among 9.1%, 78.2%, and 12.7% of the ASHA workers, respectively. On univariate analysis, level of knowledge was found to be significantly associated with duration of service (P=0.001) and training status (P=0.00) of ASHAs. It was observed that messages regarding the addition of oil/ghee and proper hand washing after handling child’s excreta were mostly missed during counseling sessions.
Conclusions: Most ASHA workers had correct knowledge on IYCF but during counseling sessions, most of the key messages were not provided by them to mothers. Thus, it was concluded that a change in training approach is necessary for enhancing counseling skills and knowledge-sharing by ASHAs.
Work place violence among health-care providers working in a tertiary care hospital: A study from Central India
Authors: Ashish Mishra  , Sunita Patel  , Arindam Maiti  , Sharma Arvind
Published: January 2025

Background: Health-care providers are prone to either physical, verbal, or both type of violence either by patients or their relatives with majority studies conducted in developed countries with paucity in developing countries like India.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of different types of work-place violence and to assess the various factors associated with it among the health-care providers.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among total of 253 health-care providers, consisting of both Senior and Junior Residents and Nursing staffs for a period of 6 months. Data were collected, and then entered in MS-Excel with both descriptive and statistical analysis done using IBM-SPSS v23.0.
Results: It was observed that 89.72% of the health-care providers experienced violence, where 66.01% of them experienced verbal type, while 23.71% of them experienced both, that is, verbal and physical. It was noted that majority of the health-care providers experienced verbal form of violence due to excessive crowd of attendant, that is, 123 (73.65%). Other factors such as not attending patient for a long time and lacunae of empathy towards patient/attendant have strong association with significant result for violence toward health-care providers, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =4.69 (2.06–10.66), P=0.001 and aOR=4.52 (1.23–16.65), P=0.014, respectively.
Conclusion: This study of workplace violence among health-care providers revealed that majority, that is, nursing staffs experienced verbal violence because they deal with patients and their attenders for maximum time in a day during their duty hours and also due to less experience.
Current prevalence of rotator cuff tear in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association with type of diabetic drug regime (OHA’S vs. insulin therapy) – A prospective study
Authors: Arivoli Subramanian  , Vijayashankar Murugesan  , Prem Kumar Kothimbakkam  , Bharath Vadivel Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background: A prospective study to assess the prevalence of rotator cuff (RC) tears in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of RC tear in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients presenting with shoulder pain to the outpatient clinic.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 diabetic patients with shoulder pain and restriction of movements formed the study group and were prospectively studied using magnetic resonance imaging and were evaluated with regard to the presence of RC tear. The factors that were analyzed included HBA1C levels, duration of diabetes, and type of diabetic medication. All these factors were evaluated with regard to their correlation with RC tear.
Results: In our study, we found that the prevalence of RC tear was 37% and there seemed to be a significant correlation between HBA1C levels (P=0.007) as well as prolonged duration of diabetes (P=0.006) with RC tear. It has been established in our study that the occurrence of RC tear is lesser in oral hypoglycemic agents group as compared to insulin group in treating diabetic patients.
Conclusion: One independent risk factor for RC tear is diabetes. The prevalence of RC tear is higher in the diabetic population with increased HBA1c levels and prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus. Metformin usage in diabetes mellitus has been associated with reduced incidence of RC tear due to diminished impregnation of advanced glycation end products with in the RC tendon.
Clinical profile of female patients with chronic telogen effluvium and its association with serum ferritin level
Authors: Minu Sunil  , Meriya Zacharia
Published: January 2025

Background: Diffuse hair loss persisting longer than 6 months without any cause is referred to as chronic telogen effluvium (CTE). The role of iron deficiency without anemia in causing chronic diffuse hair loss is unclear. Some studies have reported a critical threshold of 40 mcg/mL of serum ferritin, below which increased telogen shedding was observed. Screening all patients with CTE for iron deficiency will aid us in finding a possible cause and help in its management.
Aims and Objectives: To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of female patients with CTE and its association with serum ferritin levels.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study on 263 female patients aged 13–60 years with CTE attending the Department of Dermatology at Government Medical College, Kottayam.
Results: The mean age of patients with CTE was 28.92 years. Trichodynia was reported by 20% among which 70% reported associated mental stress which was statistically significant. Bitemporal thinning was noted in 57% and 68% had short growing hairs in the frontal/bitemporal region. The hair pull test was positive in 37.6%, high visual analog grade of hair loss in 92%. Only 32% had anemia (Hb <12) but 86% had S. ferritin <40 mcg/L with the mean S. ferritin being 23.93 ng/mL and the majority were in the age group of 20–29 years.
Conclusion: The majority were found to have low serum ferritin levels without clinical anemia, which could indicate an association between low iron stores and CTE. Additional case–control studies are needed to establish the role of iron deficiency in causing hair loss.
Spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Roby Bose  , Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background: Skin disorders, usually neglected and frequently under diagnosed among diabetic patients. These are common complications and encounter a broad spectrum of disorders in diabetes.
Aims and Objectives: Present study, aimed to evaluate various cutaneous manifestations among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Dermatology, Diabetic Clinic of tertiary care centre hospital. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and consent from study subjects, 240 subjects were included. All subjects underwent clinical examination-special emphasis on cutaneous manifestations. Blood samples were collected and used for the estimation of blood glucose, liver function tests and renal function tests, complete blood count, bacterial infections-Gram stain and culture, fungal infections-KOH (potassium hydroxide) mount, Gram stain (for Candida), and culture.
Results: Out of 200, 140 (58.4%) were males and 100 (41.6%) were females. The majority of the patients were 5th, 6thand 7th decades. Acrochordons 22 (9.1%) and candidal balanoposthitis 21 (8.7%) were predominantly observed. Fungal, bacterial, and non-infective were 90 (37.5%), 54 (22.5%), and 112 (46.6%), respectively. On bacterial culture, Pyogenic ulcer was observed in 8, furunculosis in 6, etc. KOH mount positive in 22 patients and culture positive was seen in 16 patients. In non-infective dermatoses, Acrochordons were observed in 24 patients. The majority of the patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents.
Conclusion: This study’s results showed demographic, social factors, and the prevalence of various dermatological manifestations in type 2 DM patients.
Bilirubin not just a routine parameter plays an important role in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Santanu Sen  , Surajit Lahiri  , Saurav Dey  , Swati Bhattacharyya
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health burden in India as well as throughout the world. Imbalance between antioxidant defense and oxidative stress plays a major role in this multifactorial disorder. Recent studies have shown that serum total bilirubin plays an important role in the progression of CKD.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to estimate serum total bilirubin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urea, creatinine and to find out whether there is correlation between serum total bilirubin, eGFR, and different stages of CKD.
Materials and Methods: The study is conducted in the department of biochemistry after getting ethical clearance. Two hundred and sixty-nine samples of controls and cases of CKD collected. Serum total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine were calculated in autoanalyzer using standard protocol. eGFR is calculated using a standard formula.
Results: There is a significant positive correlation (spearman’s correlation r=0.196, P=0.001) between serum total bilirubin and eGFR value. There is also a significant negative correlation (r=−0.239, P<0.0001) between serum total bilirubin and stages of CKD. Median value of serum urea is also high in cases compared to control.
Conclusion: The serum bilirubin may be an important biomarker in the pathogenesis of CKD.
Characterization of biofilm-forming ability and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: M Anjaneya Swamy  , Kanumuru Balu Mahendran  , Nethala Ravi Kumar  , Ketha Venkateswarlu
Published: January 2025

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) associated infections, known for its biofilm-forming ability and resistance to multiple antibiotics. Understanding the relationship between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance profiles in clinical isolates can guide treatment strategies.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the biofilm-forming abilities and antibiotic resistance profiles of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with CF and to determine the relationship between these two factors and their impact on treatment efficacy.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from CF patients. Biofilm-forming capacity was categorized as strong, moderate, or weak based on quantitative assays. Antibiotic resistance was assessed for ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Multi-drug resistance was defined as resistance to three or more antibiotic classes. Statistical correlations between biofilm-forming capacity and resistance levels were evaluated using the Chi-square tests.
Results: Fifty-six percentages of isolates were strong biofilm producers, while 34% and 10% were moderate and weak producers, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin (60%), followed by tobramycin (50%) and ceftazidime (45%). Forty percentages of the isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant. Strong biofilm producers demonstrated a significantly high correlation with antibiotic resistance (P<0.05). Two predominant clonal groups were identified among the isolates, suggesting a possible clonal spread of resistance traits.
Conclusion: The study confirms a strong association between robust biofilm production and heightened antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from CF patients. These findings highlight the need for targeted therapeutic strategies to disrupt biofilm formation and curb resistance spread.
Perioperative infusion of magnesium sulfate versus dexmedetomidine on the hemodynamic responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shefali Singh  , Anju R Bhalotra
Published: January 2025

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less post-operative pain, shorter hospitalization, and a faster functional recovery as compared to the open procedure. However, like any other surgery, a stress response is induced. Anesthesia interventions such as direct laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation, and extubation involve severe sympathetic stimulation. Magnesium can block the release of catecholamines from both the adrenal gland and adrenergic nerve terminals by inhibiting of activation of membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase.
Aims and Objectives: Both magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine decrease the release of catecholamines and attenuate pressor responses to anesthesia and surgery.
Materials and Methods: Eighty-four ASA I/II patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group D received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg followed by 0.4 μg/kg/h and Group M received 2 g MgSO₄ followed by 15 mg/kg/h. hemodynamic variables were recorded as T0 (after loading dose of study drug), just before (T1) and 1, 2, and 3 min after ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) insertion (T2 [i] [ii] [iii]), before and after peritoneal insufflation (T3 and T4), before and after table tilt (T5 and T6), after resuming flat position (T7), peritoneal deflation (T8), PLMA removal (T9), and on post-anesthesia care unit admission (T10). Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17 statistical software.
Results: The demographic profile was comparable. After the study drug administration, there was a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in both groups (Group D > Group M) and no pressor response to PLMA insertion. At peritoneal insufflation, the MAP increase was significantly more in Group M at T6, T7, and T8 (31.9%, 27.9%, and 35.6% above baseline, respectively). Although there was a fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from the baseline throughout the procedure in both groups, SBP was significantly higher at most times in Group M as compared to Group D (P<0.05). In both groups, there was a similar rise in diastolic blood pressure after peritoneal insufflation. The mean heart rate was significantly lower in Group D at all time points.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine seemed to be superior to MgSO₄ for ameliorating hemodynamic responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A clinical study to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in attenuating sympathoadrenal response induced by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in smokers versus non-smokers
Authors: Shivakumar G  , Santhosh MCB  , Anusree KM  , Umesh NP
Published: January 2025

Background: The process of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is potent stressful stimuli that cause sympathetic activation, which is transient. Some of the modalities for attenuation of laryngoscopic and intubation response have been found to be less effective in smokers than in non-smokers. In view of this, the present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in male smoker and non-smoker patients.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in suppressing sympathoadrenal pressor response due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation between smokers and non-smokers.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based non-randomized controlled study. Sixty patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients with no history of smoking (Group NS) and 30 patients with a smoking history (Group S). Both groups were received dexmedetomidine 0.75 mcg/kg over 10 min intravenous infusion. Hemodynamic parameters and Ramsay sedation score were measured at perioperative period. Results: Group S patients showed a significant rise in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and rate pressure product (RRP) during the immediate post-intubation period, but Group NS showed a decrease in HR, SBP, DBP, MAP and RRP throughout the post-intubation period.
Conclusion: Single dose of 0.75 mcg/kg IV dexmedetomidine given over a period of 10 min before the induction of anesthesia is completely effective in attenuating the hemodynamic responses associated with laryngoscopy and intubation in non-smokers, but it is not efficient in smokers.
A study of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic foot syndrome in Western Regional Institute of India
Authors: Sipra S Engineer  , Vipul K Prajapati  , Nilesh J Paraskar  , Kinjal Y Trivedi  , Nirali P Siddhpura  , Supriya H Rawat  , Priyank Y Nenuji  , Neha D Laspal
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetes is a rapidly growing health challenge and potential epidemic across low-and-middle-income countries like India. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a consequence of diabetic microangiopathy, which may cause visual deterioration due to macular edema in any stage and vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment in the advanced proliferative retinopathy stages.
Aims and Objectives: The aim was to study the retinopathy status in diabetic patients with a risk of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) visiting a western regional hospital in India.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with a risk of DFS, visiting a tertiary care hospital during the study period, underwent an ophthalmological evaluation for documentation of their retinopathy status.
Results: One hundred and fourteen patients diagnosed to have a risk profile for DFS were included in the study. Their mean age was 61.22 years and 81.6% were males. The mean duration of DM was 12.24 years, respectively. Of the 114 patients, 72 had DR. An increased presence of retinopathy in patients with an increased risk grade of diabetic foot (DF) was found significant by the Chi‐square test. (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our study found an increased presence of DR in Western Indian cohort with DFS. The severity of retinopathy was greater in patients with higher grades of risk for DF, therefore establishment of an association between DR and DFS will help in developing an integrated management strategy for these two grave consequences of diabetes.
El uso del diminutivo en los noticieros de la televisión peruana: del “aquicito nomás” a “con solo diez solcitos”
Authors: Tumi Guzmán* María Isabel
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el uso del diminutivo en los noticieros de la televisión peruana, en particular, como estrategia de atenuación del mensaje comunicativo. Se partió de las clásicas funciones del lenguaje, representación (contenido), expresión (emisor) y apelación (receptor), con énfasis en la segunda. El foco se centró en el emisor y los tipos de diminutivos empleados en su interacción con el destinatario.  El diseño metodológico fue el análisis de contenido de tipo cualitativo. La muestra abarcó noticias de cinco canales de televisión de alcance nacional, Canal N, RPP, Latina, ATV y TV Perú, emitidas durante dos semanas de noviembre del 2024. El estudio, conforme categorías establecidas a priori en base a la teoría y la muestra, evidenció la mayor productividad del sufijo diminutivo “ito”, frente a otras formas de derivación de la morfología del español, así como el predominio de diminutivos en sustantivos en relación con otras categorías gramaticales. Mostró un matiz afectivo del comunicador hacia su audiencia, más para atenuar el efecto de la noticia que para minimizarla. La frecuencia del diminutivo, peculiar en la lengua oral y coloquial, fue mayor cuando el reportero transmitía en vivo la noticia desde el interior del país.
Spiritual Diary: Integrating Sufi Practices into a Contemporary Cultural Context
Authors: Kangiyeva Aliye Memetovna
Published: January 2025

The article provides an analysis of diary discourse, focusing on the contrast between the narcissistic orientation of contemporary online diaries and the dialogic, reflective nature of Sufi spiritual diaries, written in the form of the letter to spiritual mentor according to Sufi tradition. Modern online diaries, characterized by self-exposure, often mirror digital narcissism, where the expression of thoughts and emotions may prioritize self-presentation over inner transformation. In contrast, Sufi spiritual diaries, written as letters to spiritual mentors, represent a means of deep self-reflection and psychocorrection, where the diarist seeks not only to express personal experiences but also to achieve a transformative dialogue with the metaphysical Other. The study examines the therapeutic effects of this diary practice, highlighting its potential to help individuals restore inner balance, overcome isolation, and reduce anxiety. The article explores such concepts as autocommunication, extimacy, and the communicative turn, analyzes how these theories contribute to understanding personal growth within this diary genre. Through citing of diary excerpts written in the Sufi communicative paradigm, the study shows how these texts foster a unique type of dialogic exchange aimed at personal and spiritual growth. The findings underscore that spiritual diaries offer an opportunity for profound self-therapy, allowing individuals to engage in a metaphysical dialogue that supports personal transformation and emotional resilience. This research underlines the value of spiritual diaries not only as psychotherapeutic tools but also as meaningful literary forms that encourage introspection and connect individuals to broader cultural and spiritual frameworks.
Deterministic Genetic Barcoding for Multiplexed Behavioral and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Studies
Authors: Mendana Jorge Blanco , Donovan Margaret , O’Brien Lindsey G , Auch Benjamin , Garbe John , Gohl Daryl M
Published: January 2025

Advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have provided novel insights into the dynamics of gene expression throughout development, been used to characterize somatic variation and heterogeneity within tissues, and are currently enabling the construction of transcriptomic cell atlases. However, despite these remarkable advances, linking anatomical information to transcriptomic data and positively identifying the cell types that correspond to gene expression clusters in single-cell sequencing data sets remains a challenge. We describe a straightforward genetic barcoding approach that takes advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila to allow
in vivo
tagging of defined cell populations. This method, called
Ta
rgeted
G
enetically-
E
ncoded
M
ultiplexing (TaG-EM), involves inserting a DNA barcode just upstream of the polyadenylation site in a Gal4-inducible
UAS-GFP
construct so that the barcode sequence can be read out during single-cell sequencing, labeling a cell population of interest. By creating many such independently barcoded fly strains, TaG-EM will enable a number of potential applications that will improve the quality and information content of single-cell transcriptomic data including positive identification of cell types in cell atlas projects, identification of multiplet droplets, and barcoding of experimental timepoints, conditions, and replicates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the barcodes from TaG-EM fly lines can be read out using next-generation sequencing to facilitate population-scale behavioral measurements. Thus, TaG-EM has the potential to enable large-scale behavioral screens in addition to improving the ability to reliably annotate cell atlas data, expanding the scope, and improving the robustness of single-cell transcriptomic experiments.
Nicotine enhances the stemness and tumorigenicity in intestinal stem cells via Hippo-YAP/TAZ and Notch signal pathway
Authors: Isotani Ryosuke , Igarashi Masaki , Miura Masaomi , Naruse Kyoko , Kuranami Satoshi , Katoh Manami , Nomura Seitaro , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: January 2025

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor inducing the development and progression of various diseases. Nicotine (NIC) is the major constituent of cigarette smoke. However, knowledge of the mechanism underlying the NIC-regulated stem cell functions is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that NIC increases the abundance and proliferative activity of murine intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in vivo and ex vivo. Moreover, NIC induces Yes-associated protein (YAP) /Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Notch signaling in ISCs via α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation; this effect was not detected in Paneth cells. The inhibition of Notch signaling by dibenzazepine (DBZ) nullified the effects of NIC on ISCs. NIC enhances in vivo tumor formation from ISCs after loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc, DBZ inhibited NIC-induced tumor growth. Hence, this study identifies a NIC-triggered pathway regulating the stemness and tumorigenicity of ISCs and suggests the use of DBZ as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating intestinal tumors.
The Rhizobial effector NopT targets Nod factor receptors to regulate symbiosis in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Bao Hanbin , Wang Yanan , Li Haoxing , Wang Qiang , Lei Yutao , Ye Ying , Wadood Syed F , Zhu Hui , Stahelin Christian , Stacey Gary , Xu Shutong , Cao Yangrong
Published: January 2025

It is well-documented that type-III effectors are required by Gram-negative pathogens to directly target different host cellular pathways to promote bacterial infection. However, in the context of legume-rhizobium symbiosis, the role of rhizobial effectors in regulating plant symbiotic pathways remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that NopT, a YopT-type cysteine protease of
Sinorhizobium fredii
NGR234 directly targets the plant’s symbiotic signaling pathway by associating with two Nod factor receptors (NFR1 and NFR5 of
Lotus japonicus
). NopT inhibits cell death triggered by co-expression of NFR1/NFR5 in
Nicotiana benthamiana
. Full-length NopT physically interacts with NFR1 and NFR5. NopT proteolytically cleaves NFR5 both
in vitro
and
in vivo
, but can be inactivated by NFR1 as a result of phosphorylation. NopT plays an essential role in mediating rhizobial infection in
L. japonicus
. Autocleaved NopT retains the ability to cleave NFR5 but no longer interacts with NFR1. Interestingly, genomes of certain
Sinorhizobium
species only harbor
nopT
genes encoding truncated proteins without the autocleavage site. These results reveal an intricate interplay between rhizobia and legumes, in which a rhizobial effector protease targets NFR5 to dampen symbiotic signaling. NFR1 appears to counteract this process by phosphorylating the effector. This discovery highlights the role of a bacterial effector in regulating a signaling pathway in plants and opens up the perspective of developing kinase-interacting proteases to fine-tune cellular signaling processes in general.
Distinguishing the players of the digital field
Authors: Bergström Tim
Published: January 2025

This article explores the field of contemporary gaming practices and preferences among players of various social backgrounds. From a Bourdieusian perspective based on the notion of different capital forms (economic, social, and cultural), the socialisation process of Swedish players of digital games (n=1019) is investigated through a multiple correspondence analysis on questionnaire data. The findings show that the contemporary Swedish gaming culture is clearly divided by gender and age, but not as visibly by social class, birthplace, or upbringing. The article concludes that the contemporary gaming culture restricts present dispositions and future trajectories among the agents of the gaming field.
Parties as playful experiences
Authors: Masek Leland , Stenros Jaakko
Published: January 2025

Partying is a widespread, understudied, and playful phenomena. Game Studies has seen great value from defining important concepts related to games since its inception. Foundational play and game scholars urged for a need to analyze parties and celebrations as a form of playfulness, yet there is little empirical Game Studies work enabling a deeper understanding of partying. Partying bears striking resemblances to games: inefficient use of resources, arbitrary rules, cultural group formation, and ongoing moral panics. There are also practical overlaps: games occur at parties and digital party games are quite popular. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of parties by analyzing 33 semi-structured interviews where individuals from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds had highly playful experiences at parties. A new theoretical conception of partying as a form of playfulness is proposed as a “phenomenon that creates an experience of social connection in a group mediated through a shared engagement-prioritizing activity”. This work concludes with a call for party studies to become a sub-field in game studies.
Economic viability of milk production on a small rural farm in Chiba - Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Carlos Toshihiro , Lamarca Daniel Sá Freire
Published: January 2025

To execute a project in any sector, it is essential to initially analyze its feasibility. The economic feasibility analysis, which is the focus of this study, indicates whether the project is viable from the entrepreneur's economic perspective. The objective of this work was to assess the economic viability of a dairy cattle project in Chiba Prefecture, eastern Japan. This study was divided into seven stages. The first stage involved defining the project scope, while the second and third stages focused on gathering expenses and revenues. After compiling financial inflows and outflows, a cash flow statement for the project was created. In the fifth stage, different possible economic scenarios (C1 to C9) were projected for the constructed cash flow. In the sixth stage, the economic indicators of the project were calculated. Finally, in the last stage, the economic feasibility analysis was conducted. The results of the study presented the cash flows for each economic scenario, as well as the values of the economic viability indicators (NPV, IRR, Payback, and PI). For all scenarios, positive values were obtained for NPV, and the IRR exceeded the proposed minimum rate of return (0.52%) for the project. Based on the results of these indicators, it is concluded that the project is economically viable when considered over a ten-year perspective.