bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Metformin and Liraglutide Cardioprotective Effect in Rats With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Simanenkova Anna , Minasian Sarkis , Karonova Tatiana , Vlasov Timur , Timkina Natalya , Shpilevaya Oksana , Khalzova Aleksandra , Shimshilashvili Anzhelika , Timofeeva Valeria , Samsonov Daniil , Borshchev Yury , Galagudza Michael
Published: December 2020

Background: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) increases cardiovascular risk and can enlarge myocardial infarction (MI) incidence and severity. There is lack of information about cardioprotective potential of glucose-lowering drugs in IGT. We aimed to evaluate the sustainability of myocardium to ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic and IGT rats and to study cardioprotective action of metformin and liraglutide. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and IGT were modelled in Wistar rats by high-fat diet and streptozotocin+nicotinamide. 4 weeks after rats were divided into 4 groups: DM (without treatment), IGT (without treatment), IGT+MET (metformin 200 mg/kg per os once daily 8 weeks), IGT+LIRA (liraglutide 0.06 mg/kg s.c. once daily for 8 weeks). Control and high-fat diet groups were made for comparison. After 8 weeks ischemia-reperfusion injury of isolated hearts was performed. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated and MI size was measured by staining of myocardium slices in triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. Blood glucose level was measured during the study.Results: Both IGT and DM led to similar worsening of hemodynamic parameters during ischemia-reperfusion period, in comparison with control group. MI size in IGT (56.76 (51.58; 69.07) %) and DM (57.26 (45.51; 70.08) %) groups was significantly large than in control group (42.98 (33.26; 61.84) %) and did not differ between each other. MI size in high-diet group (56.98 (47.11; 62.83) %) was similarly large as in IGT and DM groups (p>0.05). MI size in IGT+MET (42.11 (38.08; 71.96) %) and IGT+LIRA (42.50 (31.37; 60.40) %) was smaller than in both DM and IGT groups (p<0.05 for multiple comparison). Myocardium damage size did not differ in IGT+MET and IGT+LIRA groups (p>0.05). Only LIRA, but not MET administration to IGT rats led to ischemic contracture reduction. Glycemic control was similar satisfactory in IGT, IGT+MET, IGT+LIRA groups. Conclusions: IGT and DM have similarly pronounced negative influence on hemodynamics and MI size in transient global rat ischemia ex vivo. Obesity development also has negative impact on the myocardial infarct size. Both MET and LIRA have infarct-limiting effect independent on their influence on glucose level. LIRA, but not MET, diminishes ischemic contracture in IGT rats.
Development of Standard Formulations for Porcelain Production from Ohiya Clay
Authors: Imagwuike Ibeh M. , Nduka Nwankwojike B. , Anthony Obi I. , Princewill Nwadinobi Chibundo , Augustine Lewachi A.
Published: December 2020

Optimal products design for producing standard ceramic porcelain products from Ohiya clay was determined in this study using desirability function analysis. Results revealed that the alumino-silicate constitutes 91% of the total mineralogical composition of Ohiya clay and 42:32:20 at a firing temperature of 1250/1300 oC; 42:33:17 at a firing temperature of 1300 oC; 41:32:27 at a firing temperature of 1000 oC as the optimal mix of the clay, feldspar and silica for producing standard low/high voltage insulators, tiles and tablewares respectively. The production of the 11 kV electric insulator, 400 × 400 mm tile, serving dish at optimal settings are respectively six hundred and twenty-five naira (₦625), three hundred and twenty-two naira (₦322), three hundred and four seven (₦347) against the market prices of one thousand naira (₦1000), three hundred and fifty naira (₦350), four hundred and twenty naira (₦420) respectively. This translates to 60%, 9% and 21% in profit for these products. Hence, adoption of the optimal mixing ratio as well as exploitation of this natural resource is highly recommended.
The effect of Sr and Mg substitutions on the mechanical properties and solubility of the fluorapatite ceramics for biomedical applications
Authors: Ghaemi M. Hossein , Sayenko Sergiy Y. , Shkuropatenko Volodymyr , Zykova Anna , Ulybkina Kateryna , Bereznyak Olena , Krupa Andrzej , Sawczak Mirosław
Published: December 2020

The ionic substitutions play important role in the modifications of the biological apatites. Recently, the attention has been focused on the co-doping effects of additives on the functional properties of apatite based biomaterials. Under a research work for which the results are presented here, the dense samples of fluorapatites: Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 and Ca 8 MgSr(PO 4 ) 6 F 2 were produced after sintering at a temperature of 1250 °C for 6 hours in air. The XRD, IR and Raman spectrometry results show a high crystallinity of the fluorapatite and strontium-magnesium-doped fluorapatites. The results demonstrate the stability of structural and mechanical properties of fluorapatites after immersion tests in saline and buffer solutions. The durability of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 and Ca 8 MgSr(PO 4 ) 6 F 2 fluorapatites make these materials highly attractive for biomedical application.
Towards a holistic approach of patients with Asthma and COPD: implementing a diagnostic care pathway
Authors: Witte Jan A. , Birnie Erwin , Braunstahl Gert-Jan , Akker Edmée van den , Litsenburg Walter J.M. van , Chavannes Niels H. , Mölken Maureen P.M.H. Rutten - Van , Veen Johannes C.C.M. in 't
Published: December 2020

Objective

To evaluate implementation of recent guidelines in day-to-day clinical practice in patients with Obstructive Lung Disease (OLD).
Methods

Guidelines recommend attention for four important domains (Physiological impairments, Symptoms, Functional Limitations and Quality of life) as they give important clues for evaluation of treatment outcomes and for developing new treatments. A new diagnostic care pathway was developed to attain a holistic characterization of patients with OLD. Here, we assessed the implementation of this pathway at our outpatient clinic in secondary care in a controlled, cohort study, by comparing the diagnostic items in patients with OLD before (2013) and after (2015) implementation. Results were compared with reference data (2016) from two control hospitals.
Results

The diagnostic care pathway provided a significant increase in overall attention for aforementioned domains from 52% (median; IQR 44%-59%) to 81% (median; IQR 74%-85%). Especially the domains Quality of Life and Functional Limitation benefitted from the diagnostic care pathway by improving from 0–100% and 0 to 67% (median; IQR 100%-100% and 67%-83%) respectively. Approximately 65% of the patients failed to complete the 2-day assessment; they received usual care. Nonetheless, attention for the four-domain approach also improved in these patients receiving usual care (median, IQR; 52% (44–59) vs 69% (59–74). Additionally, 14% of new referrals for diagnosis and treatment of OLD did not have asthma or COPD after thorough assessment in secondary care.
Conclusion

The implementation of current guidelines in daily practice can achieve a culture change among healthcare professionals. However, implementing a care pathway in a real-live population proved difficult. Therefore, we should strive to successfully implement existing guidelines rather than primarily creating new guidelines, as implementation is one of the most challenging aspects of new pathways and protocols.
Comparison of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of different introduced alfalfa varieties
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Qi Jiangjiao , Yu Xue , Su Lihe , He Tingting , Wang Xuzhe , Zhang Fanfan
Published: December 2020

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume in farming and animal husbandry systems. In this study, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was applied to assess the relationship between bacterial and fungal community structures and alfalfa growth characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties induced by different cultivars alfalfa (Victoria, Kangsai, Aohan) in the grey desert soil. The results showed that the diversity of bacterial and fungal in Victoria was higher, and the bacterial diversity was significantly lower for alfalfa with Aohan than for the others, and the fungal diversity was lower for alfalfa with Kangsai than for the others. Heatmap showed that total nitrogen, fresh weight, pH and organic have significantly affect fungal community structure, whereas pH and organic carbon also significant effects on bacterial community structure. LefSe analysis showed that the growth adaptability of introduced alfalfa is mainly related to fungal and bacterial species, and the beneficial microorganisms with significant differences and relative high abundance are significantly enriched in Victoria. Pathogens with high relative abundance are mainly concentrated in Aohan alfalfa soil. Based on our findings, Victoria is the high-yield alfalfa suitable for planting in gray desert soil, while planting Kangsai and Aohan alfalfa needs probiotic for adjuvant.
Maternal Time Poverty Drives Suboptimal Complementary Feeding Practices in the El Niño Affected Eastern Ethiopia Community
Authors: Irenso Asnake Ararsa , Letta Shiferaw , Sebsibe Addisu , Asfaw Abiyot , Egata Gudina , Aseffa Nega , Campbell Karen J , Laws Rachel
Published: December 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bildung an der Schnittstelle von kultureller Praxis und digitaler Kulturtechnik
Authors: Richter Christoph , Allert Heidrun
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag entwickelt einen (medien-)pädagogischen Orientierungsrahmen, der nicht von digitalen Technologien als Produkt, sondern von der Technikgenese als Prozess ausgeht. Der Prozess der Digitalisierung wird als performativer Vorgang der diskretisierenden, abstrahierenden und formalisierenden Beschreibung praktischer Vollzüge gefasst. Dies erlaubt, den genuinen Einfluss digitaler Technologien und ihres praktischen Gebrauchs auf Bildungsprozesse zu untersuchen und kritisch zu reflektieren. Der Rahmen offenbart das grundlegende Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der unterstellten Annahme einer prinzipiellen Geregeltheit praktischer Vollzüge und der unhintergehbaren Komplexität und Kontingenz kultureller Praxis. Die Perspektive erweitert damit den Blick über die Betrachtung digitaler Technologien hinaus hin zu der Frage nach den kulturellen Praktiken und den in ihnen tradierten operationalen Formen.
Förderung der Klassenführungskompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden unter Verwendung eines virtuellen Klassenzimmers
Authors: Seufert Christian M.R. , Grafe Silke
Published: December 2020

Klassenführungskompetenzen sind bedeutsam für professionelles Handeln von Lehrpersonen. Die systematische Förderung der Klassenführungskompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden stellt ein Desiderat dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine praxis- und theorieorientierte Entwicklung und Evaluation eines pädagogischen Konzeptes zur Förderung der Klassenführungskompetenzen von Lehramtsstudentinnen und -studenten in der Hochschullehre unter Verwendung eines vollimmersiven virtuellen Klassenzimmers vorgestellt. Auf der Basis einer Analyse theoretischer und empirischer Grundlagen zur Klassenführung und zu pädagogischen Konzepten zu deren Förderung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Potenziale von virtueller Realität (VR) wird ein Konzept für die Hochschullehre entwickelt. Im Konzept sind ein handlungsorientierter Ansatz und die Verwendung eines vollimmersiven Klassenzimmers bedeutsame Vorgehensweisen. Eine quasiexperimentelle Evaluationsstudie im Prä- und Posttestdesign bestätigt die höhere Wirksamkeit der Intervention im Vergleich zu einem handlungsorientierten Vorgehen ohne Einsatz eines virtuellen Klassenzimmers sowie zu einem Vorgehen, bei dem ausschliesslich die Erarbeitung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur zur Klassenführung zum Einsatz kam.
Socially responsible marketing as a way to increase the competitiveness of business entities
Authors: Rybina Olena I. , Letunovska Nataliia E. , Kuzior Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

With the development of a market economy, there are problems of balancing the interests of all participants in production, consumers, and society as a whole. This arouses interest in the concept of socially responsible marketing, which allows companies to focus on sustainable development and social values in solving business problems. The purpose of the article is to study the implementation of the concept of socially responsible marketing by business entities. The article considers the main aspects of the concept of socially responsible marketing, its importance for businesses. Related areas of research related to socially responsible marketing are identified based on bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Scopus database from 2010 to 2019 using VOSviewer software. It was found that the largest number of publications on the subject is available in the United States, Great Britain, Spain, and Australia. The basic principles of socially responsible marketing are grouped and its characteristic features are singled out. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of its basic tools. The tools of socially responsible marketing are broader than classical marketing and include marketing; consumer research; study of social and environmental consequences of production; consumption of manufactured goods and services. The authors noted that with traditional analytical methods in implementing the concept of socially responsible marketing, given the strategic direction of modern marketing, it is necessary to use multidimensional methods of analysis: SPACE-analysis, PEST-analysis, ETOM-analysis, QUEST-analysis, SNW-analysis, SWOT analysis, KPI analysis. The key features of the introduction of socially responsible marketing at the enterprises of Ukraine are analyzed. The paper substantiates that socially responsible marketing is a concept of marketing management, according to which the company's goal is to determine its own needs, needs and interests of target markets and meet them more effectively than competitors, ways to maintain or improve the welfare of both consumers and society in general.

Keywords: marketing, principles of socially responsible marketing, socially responsible marketing, sustainable development.
Coupling quantum corrals to form artificial molecules
Authors: Freeney Saoirse , Borman Samuel T. P. , Harteveld Jacob W. , Swart Ingmar
Published: December 2020

Quantum corrals can be considered artificial atoms. By coupling many quantum corrals together, artificial matter can be created at will. The atomic scale precision with which the quantum corrals can be made grants the ability to tune parameters that are difficult to control in real materials, such as the symmetry of the states that couple, the on-site energy of these states, the hopping strength and the magnitude of the orbital overlap. Here, we systematically investigate the accessible parameter space for the CO on Cu(111) platform by constructing (coupled) quantum corrals of different sizes and shapes. By changing the configuration of the CO molecules that constitute the barrier between two quantum corrals, the hopping integral can be tuned between 0 and -0.3 eV for s- and p-like states, respectively. Incorporation of orbital overlap is essential to account for the experimental observations. Our results aid the design of future artificial lattices.
GINGIVAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA- A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Patil Seema , Das Manmita ,   Postgraduate, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., R. Iyengar Asha ,   Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., B.V Subash ,   Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Agarwal Ritika ,   MDS, Senior Resident, Depatment of Dentistry, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, India., S. Namboothiri Aparna ,   Postgraduate, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: December 2020

Gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a relatively rare malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. It represents less than 4-6.3% of diagnosed intraoral carcinomas. GSCC may cause odontogenic symptoms such as mobility and pain of teeth mimicking inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis. Early diagnosis and prompt management of GSCC is of paramount importance as the prognosis of gingival squamous cell carcinoma is mainly dependent on these factors. Further, as, GSCCs spread rapidly to involve the underlying bone, the role of dentists in early detection of gingival squamous cell carcinoma cannot be undermined. The present report describes a rare case of GSCC in a 31 year old male. The detailed recording of the case history and clinical examination, radiographic, and laboratory investigations, along with review of similar conditions led to the diagnosis, and treatment was initiated.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IATROGENIC DAMAGE IN CLASS II CAVITIES USING MAGNIFICATION TOOLS DURING TOOTH PREPARATION: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors:   ijar, Yadav Pooja , Jain Ashish , Rao Rahul , Patel Harshil , Shrivastava Shwetank , Nair Sreeja
Published: December 2020

Aims: This is an vitro study compares and evaluates the effect of magnification tools on frequency and extent of iatrogenic damage to approximal tooth surface during conservative Class II cavity preparations. Methods and Material: 30 Typodont teeth were divided into 3 groups 10 typodont teeth in each group and were mounted on Phantom head. Teeth were prepared for class II (MO) cavity on 36 with conservative design using airotor with naked eye, loupes and microscope and iatrogenic damage was assessed on tooth no 35. Assessment of iatrogenic damage of all the groups was done by profilometer test. Statistical analysis used:Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post-hoc pair-wise comparisons were done using Dunnetts test. Results: Results revealed that tooth preparation was better under microscopes and loupes with statistical significant difference for samples with loupes and microscope on comparison with naked eye. Study also expressed the difficulty faced during tooth preparation with microscope and loupes for the first time. Conclusions: Magnifying tools helps in better vision and less iatrogenic damage while preparing the tooth for restoration.
Bioconversion of soy under the influence of Aspergillus oryzae strains producing hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Serba Elena , Tadzhibova Polina , Rimareva Liubov , Overchenko Marina , Ignatova Nadezhda , Volkova Galina
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The fungus Aspergillus oryzae is widely used in the production of fermented soy-based products. However, there is little data on how its genetic characteristics affect the biochemical and fractional composition of protein substances during fermentation and the quality of fermented products. This study aimed to investigate the conversion of soy meal under the influence of two A. oryzae strains with different morphological and cultural properties during the production of a fermented soy sauce. Study objects and methods. The study used two A. oryzae strains, RCAM 01133 and RCAM 01134, which were isolated from the industrial F-931 strain (Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms), a producer of hydrolytic enzymes. Micromycetes were cultivated by a solid-phase method on soy meal, followed by dry fermentation. The results were analyzed with regard to accumulation of amine nitrogen, bound and free amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates. Results and discussion. The cultivation of micromycetes resulted in a 35–38% increase in protein, a tenfold increase in free amino acids, and a 1.5–1.7 fold decrease in polysaccharides. The contents of essential amino acids in the fermented soy sauce were 1.7 and 1.2 times as high as in the initial medium (soy meal) and in the reference protein, respectively. Fermentation enhanced the biological value of proteins, increasing the amino acid scores of phenylalanine (7.3–7.7 times), phenylalanine (2 times), as well as valine, threonine, tryptophan, and lysine. The contents of protein and essential amino acids were slightly higher in the sauce with the RCAM 01133 strain. Conclusion. Fermenting soy materials with the RCAM 01133 strain of A. oryzae is an alternative way to produce food ingredients with good sensory properties containing carbohydrates and biologically complete protein in easily digestible forms.
Using Jerusalem artichoke powder in functional food production
Authors: Dubkova Nailya , Kharkov Vitaly , Vakhitov Marsel
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Jerusalem artichoke is a valuable low-maintenance crop whose tubers contain vital nutrients and prebiotics. We propose using Jerusalem artichoke powder as a functional nutrient in the formulation of food products. Study objects and methods. We studied the influence of vacuum, vibration, and grinding on the kinetics of drying Jerusalem artichoke tubers of a “Skorospelka” variety in the laboratory vacuum vibromixing mill dryer (VVMD). Results and discussion. The rate of drying in the VVMD was almost 5.5 times as high as that of convective drying. The kinetic curves showed that grinding provided a period of decreasing drying rate until almost complete drying. Vibration drying in the VVMD was twice faster than vacuum drying. The comparison of theoretical and experimental data on moisture and drying time revealed good adequacy. The NMR analysis of changes in the molecular mobility of the samples obtained in the VVMD showed an implicit twocomponent spectrum, indicative of low moisture. The chemical analysis of the tubers and powders by standard methods confirmed that the proposed gentle technology (fast drying at 30°C) preserved 86% of inulin. Conclusion. Jerusalem artichoke powder obtained in the VVMD can be used in different branches of the food industry due to its long shelf life, low consolidation, and no caking, with residual moisture of 6.1%.
Transformation of the subject in bioethics: From an autonomous person to cosmopolitan
Authors:   Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Solozhenkin Boris S.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to trace the development of the idea of subjectivity in bioethics, starting from the level assumed by the prevailing model of personal autonomy up to the cosmopolitan dimension innate to the global model proposed by Van Rensselaer Potter. In the article, autonomy is considered in the more general context of the individualization of Western societies. It is revealed that autonomy is inherently dependent on the idea of human well-being and the values of individualism and therefore it can be reduced to individual decisions. This devaluation of personal autonomy finds justifiable criticism among bioethicists. The concept of the subject is restored in the frame of the substantive model of autonomy indicating the inextricable connection of a choice and a common personal perspective. Such an individualistic approach to the subject is initially limited. Being concentrated on the behavior of a rational individual, the approach localizes all relevant ethical cases. In the modern world, global problem intersect with each other they cease to be noticed and moreover become intimatized due to their individualistic description. This approach to the subject is thus inadequate and needs to be replaced. For this purpose, the difference between the two traditions within bioethics must be overcome: an autonomous person and cosmopolitan remain the two significant models of subjectivity, and the bridge between them has never been built. The article explores the possibility of such a transition to a cosmopolitan position on the classic example from The Phenomenology of Spirit. It can be concluded that the current position of the theory of the subject is tenuous on both flanks of bioethics. When it loses the message of subjectivity and becomes a servant of the technological approach, we get just another version of medical ethics and lose the long-term perspective appropriate for the cosmopolitan world.
POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN AS A SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF THE “POLITICS OF CHILDREN”
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zavershinsky Konstantin
Published: December 2020

The article examines the importance of the political socialization of children to ensure generational continuity and stability of political communications. The author supposes that the dominance of the research attitude towards the process of politicization of children as the implementation of the institutional and ideological activity of older generations concerning the age minority limits the ability to understand qualitative changes in contemporary communications. The blurring of boundaries between the “world of childhood” and “adults” in the contemporary society leads to the fact that relations between generations become more complicated and acquire a high degree of variability and arbitrariness. The diversification of symbolic production, the multiplication of actors in contemporary political communications, the growing variability of political ideologies and ways of representing politics, actualizes the study of the political socialization of children as a specific political communication depending on the features of the spatio-temporal design of political events in certain national communities. According to the author, this allows us to take into account the differences in the perception of the significance of certain political events by generations and the peculiarities of the children’s and youth’s positioning concerning the older generation. In this case, the meaning and content of political socialization is not reduced to the process of adaptation of children to the institutions and ideological regimes of “adult society”, but appears as a process of choosing and challenging the collectively significant symbols of the older generation by the younger generation. A decisive role in the study of the political socialization of children is played by the research of the influence of the dynamics of the profiles of the legitimation of national memory, including various competing symbolic representations of images of the past and the future, the typology of the heroic, ideas of guilt and responsibility. The author emphasizes the importance of description and applied analysis of the effectiveness of the symbolic structures of national memory and the role of iconic power in the implementation of politics of children on the example of the US and contemporary Russian cinema. Using the theoretical and practical explications of contemporary cultural sociology as a methodological basis, the author proposes a new approach to the study of the political socialization of children and the politics of children in contemporary society.
PUBLIC SECTOR INSTITUTIONS OF FOREIGN POLICY EXPERTISE IN UKRAINE:AN ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Onopko Oleg
Published: December 2020

An important condition for the effective protection and implementation by Russia of its national interests in Ukraine is an understanding of the circle of actors that influence the development of Ukrainian foreign policy. Among them, there are expert institutions that provide analytical and scientific support for foreign policy decisions made by the highest bodies of state power. For- eign policy expertise in Ukraine is a grey area for Russian political science. The article opens a series of publications whose purpose is to solve this problem. It systematizes information about Ukrainian institutes of foreign policy expertise, those whose activities are directly or indirectly financed by the state. It was revealed that during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych (2010– 2014), the public sector suffered significant structural damage, and its consequences have not yet been overcome. Today, Ukrainian public institutions of foreign policy expertise include: the National Institute for Strategic Studies, the Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and university think tanks. The author considers these organizations through the prism of constructivism and institutionalism — as political structures (institutions) whose activities affect the context of Ukrainian foreign policy and the behavior of its actors. It has been established that their main scientific and applied research interests are related to problems of national, regional and international security, Russian domestic politics, problems of information, as well as military and political confrontation with Russia. All these issues are considered by institutions exclusively through the prism of Euro-Atlanticism and anti-Russian political mythology. Since at least 2014, they have been transmitting ideas hostile to Russia to the Ukrainian political and academic elite. In the same vein, the political socialization of students is carried out, in which university think tanks actively work in close collaboration with state and non-governmental organizations of NATO member countries. Today, the public sector of foreign policy expertise in Ukraine is not in the best condition, but it invariably retains its analytical and scientific potential, as well as its tough anti-Russian position.
On the legal status of the “art” of the artificial intelligence
Authors:   The Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISL RAS), Naumov Viktor B. , Tytjuk Ekaterina V. ,   OOO Dentons Europe
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the issues of protection of artworks, created by the artificial intelligence or with the help of artificial intelligence. The authors of the article analyze the term “artificial intelligence” from the perspective of technologies, legal doctrine and legislation and provide critical comparison of these definitions, basing on which stipulate several key criteria of the definition of artificial intelligence. The article also describe basic principles of the working process of the artificial intelligence systems. Basing on the key criteria, provided as a result of the analysis of the existing definitions of the “artificial intelligence”, the authors generate their own definition of this term. The article also provides detailed analysis of the term “creativity” from the perspective of the objective and subjective approaches. The analysis includes comparison of the process of the creation of the work of art by the human and by the artificial intelligence. The authors question whether it is possible in principle to apply the term “work of art” to the objects created by the artificial intelligence. According to the authors’ point of view, current level of the artificial intelligence technologies does not provide any possibility to apply the term “creativity” to artificial intelligence as the model of the working process of the artificial intelligence is based ultimately on the mathematical algorithms. According to the article, this mean that the objects created by the artificial intelligence or with the help of it do not meet traditional requirements of creativity. The article provide several potential regulation models for the objects created by the artificial intelligence or with the help of it. These models can be broken down as follows: no legal protection is required, public domain model, protection under information law, protection as know-how objects, protection as intellectual property objects. The authors of the article provide comparative analysis of the above-mentioned models of protection, the advantages and disadvantages of each model, give their opinion on the existing and potential legislative initiatives in the sphere of artificial intelligence regulation.
Transfiguration of Moses and Enoch on Heaven and the Adamic condition
Authors:   Pontifical Collegium Russicum in Rome, Garcia-Huidobro Tomas
Published: December 2020

In Second Temple Judaism, especially in apocalyptic literature, the encounter between God and believers acquires a distinct visionary accent. Regardless of whether heavenly realities are revealed on earth or the visionary ascends to heaven, the essence is the manifestation of important revelations. Corresponding Old Testament heroes, such as Enoch or Moses, according to apocryphal, Samaritan or rabbinic texts, ascended to the place of God’s presence (a throne room or even a cloud). In addition to receiving relevant soteriological and cosmological knowledge, they underwent transfiguration there. The transfiguration of these characters is very illustrative: they take angelic, royal, and priestly qualities. Divine radiance, shining faces, and magnificent robes are just some examples of the divine characteristics that are acquired. This article, together with the study of these elements, underlines the fact that these divine qualities were described in the literature around the change of era and dedicated to Adam prior to his expulsion from Eden. The closeness between the first man and God in the Garden of Eden was expressed in a number of divine attributes inherent in Adam, the same ones that would later be assumed by Enoch or Moses, among others, in heaven. In this way, the transfiguration of Enoch or Moses is nothing more than a manifestation of the rich Jewish anthropology of an Adamic character.
Hervaeus Natalis and his polemics with the early scotists about formalities and formal distinction in God
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vdovina Galina V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to Hervaeus Natalis, also known as Hervaeus drom Nedellec, who was an outstanding theologian at the end of 13th — beginning of 14th centuries (c. 1260–1323). Brief biographical information about Hervaeus is provided and his importance for medieval thought is emphasized. The subject matter of the article is the consideration of a formal difference, or formal distinction in God. The introduction of this concept is usually associated with the name of Duns Scotus, and there is every reason for this: although Duns was not the inventor of formal distinction as such, it was he who put it at the heart of his trinitarian theology. The concept of formal difference is inextricably linked to the concept of formalities, which in this context mean those ontological subunits in a concrete single essence between which there is a formal difference. The basic impetus to the introduction of both concepts was the necessity for rational expression of distinction between common divine nature and those relations by which Persons are constituted (relations of fatherhood, sonship, etc.), and also between different divine attributes. The task was, on the one hand, not to destroy the absolute real unity in God, and, on the other hand to explain certain differences that exist in him before any act of intellect, even divine intellect. Therefore, the notion of formality as a correlate “from the nature of the thing”, which corresponds to any attribute or relation, is conceivable in a separate concept.
Splits and sects in the Azov region and the authorities of the Russian Empire: Failed compromise in the nineteenth century
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Olenich Tamara S.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of the emergence and spread of sectarian organizations and Old Believer communities in the Azov region in the 19th century. It is shown that the processes of the spread of sectarian organizations century were very active, which is explained by the fact that sectarian organizations had a broad social base and expanded dynamically, despite restrictions from the official government. The laws in force at that time limited the activities carried out by the Russian Orthodox Church in counteracting the process of promoting sectarian teachings at that time. The article illustrates that some of the representatives of sectarianism disguised themselves as Orthodox and compactly lived within the boundaries of church parishes. Proselytizing sectarianism was especially active in the territory of the Yekaterinoslav province by organizations such as the Molokans, Khlysts, Skoptsy, Old Believers, and others. This article characterizes the prevailing political and legal conditions for the spread of the sects, as well as the features of the system of religious relations that have developed in the region. On the basis of archival data, the number of such sects as the Molokans, the Whips, the Old Believers and the Evangelists, etc., was studied. The specificity of religious relations between representatives of different religious groups in the Azov region is analyzed within the framework of a unique phenomenon — a polymodel system of the interfaith relations.
The Postcolonial Bare Life: Reflections on Agamben and the Coronavirus
Authors:   University of Macau, Pacheco Vincent
Published: December 2020

The ongoing pandemic has undeniably propagated an atmosphere of paranoia and discontent in both the West and the East, and it is in this context where Giorgio Agamben wrote a brief but controversial article where he argues that this pandemic enables governments to opportunistically decree a state of exception that will lead to tyranny. Critics have generally responded negatively to Agamben’s views, given that this is not the case in the West. It is becoming apparent, however, that the very thing Agamben feared is happening in post-colonial states. In this paper, I look at how the current pandemic enables a postcolonial state like the Philippines to define (or redefine) the notion of life through authoritarian measures as it claims a strong democratic mandate. My reflections on Agamben takes off from Rodrigo Duterte’s national speeches during the pandemic. I aim to show that his manifestly militarized response is a manifestation of the sovereign exception that politicizes and separates zo? (which is mere biological life) from bios (which is livable life that can participate politically), as Agamben might put it. Finally, I offer reflections on how the postcolonial legacy of the Philippines could potentially complicate how we might think about the notion of bare life—a figure that is neither zo? nor bios.
Understanding the robustness of incidental vocabulary acquisition through reading: Qualitative insights from biolinguistics
Authors:   Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli., Rahul D. R. , Ponniah Joseph ,   National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli.
Published: December 2020

Studies have shown the potentials of reading on the development of language. Especially, the literature on second language reading is replete with evidence that unearths the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading. Free and pleasurable reading, which has a marked effect on the frequency of reading, contributes significantly to the incidental acquisition of vocabulary. However, only a few studies have explored the interconnection among vocabulary acquisition, free and/or pleasure reading, and the reading frequency. To this end, this study manifests the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading and foregrounds the importance of free reading, reading pleasure, and reading frequency for vocabulary development. By confirming the strong correlation between reading frequency and the vocabulary test scores of the participants we attest that the reading frequency is significantly associated with free and/or pleasure reading (in our case, liking towards self-selected reading). We also theoretically contextualize and support the argument of incidental vocabulary learning through reading from a biological perspective. Given that the acquisition of any language subskill is enabled by the amalgamation of nature and environment, insights into the biological system of reading implicates a better understanding of the incidental acquisition of vocabulary through reading.
Exploring a Fourth Space for Composition Studies Research
Authors:   National Quemoy University, Taiwan, Baker John R. , Bizzaro Patrick ,   East Carolina University, U.S.A.
Published: December 2020

The research methods landscape has the potential to be quite diverse. However, the paradigmatic battles between the two empirical research camps (quantitative and qualitative) and the more recent embracement of mixed-methods research has narrowly focused many fields’ attention, including that of composition studies, away from other sorts of useful methods, such as theoretical research. To address this, this sequential two-part study compares and contrasts the (a) purpose, (b) instruments, (c) data, and (d) structure of quantitative and qualitative research. Drawing on this four-part structure, this study advances composition studies research methods literature by posing and testing a definition of theoretical research through an examination of full-length core composition studies texts (N = 12). The article concludes by explaining the study’s relevance to the field and offering directions for future research.
‘Working for/from Home’: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Mothers in India
Authors:   D.T.S.S. College of Commerce, Mumbai, India., Sarkar Sucharita
Published: December 2020

Situated in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, this paper begins by looking at the recent advertisement by Amul praising mothers who are ‘working from home’ and ‘working for home’ during the lockdown, with an accompanying cartoon visualizing the iconic Amul girl sitting beside her mother who is working on her laptop while keeping an eye on her daughter; in a juxtaposed cartoon, the mother is cooking in the kitchen while simultaneously scrolling through her smartphone. Amongst my groups of women friends, the advertisement elicited strong and contradictory responses: ranging from approval of the appreciation for maternal work to disapproval at the missing father. In order to critique this advertisement, I would use the lens of Motherhood Studies, an emerging area of scholarship that is inherently interdisciplinary. Reading the advertisement as a cultural text, I will attempt to locate the maternal stereotypes embedded in it: the merging of the stay-at-home mother and the working-mother into the ideal neoliberal mother-worker, the supermom who effortlessly balances work and home, even in extraordinary times like the pandemic and lockdown. These entangled maternal stereotypes have been reified in popular consciousness through mythic, religious, literary and filmic artefacts. A cross-disciplinary tracing of the stereotypes will reveal the motherhood constructs and the cultural expectations that mothers encounter, and also attempt to explain why and how these constructs and expectations operate. The paper will look at the possibilities of resistance to these stereotypes, germinating in feminist, or posthuman, or matricentric approaches to motherhood. I will use the critical distinction between motherhood-as-ideology and mothering-as-agency to understand maternal resistances, some of which may be located in the responses to the Amul advertisement. The paper will conclude by assessing the emergence of Motherhood Studies as a legitimate field of interdisciplinary humanities and/or social sciences.
Documenting Migrant Lives of Sugarcane Harvesting Labourers in Maharashtra– Autoethnographic Reflections
Authors:   Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India., Chaudhari Mithunchandra , Jaggi Ruchi ,   Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
Published: December 2020

Physical labour is not respected in India. Farm labourers are one of the most exploited labourers in India, and the world. Every year more than one million unorganised contract labourers, most of them from lower castes, migrate to the sugar belt in Western Maharashtra for around six months where sugar factories are concentrated. With around 200 sugar factories, Maharashtra ranks number one in sugar production in India. The labourers work for twelve or more hours a day and get poor returns. On the other hand, the working and living conditions violate basic human rights (Deshingkar, Start, 2003). Cane cutting is the most laborious farm work where the labourers have to bend for hours, pick up very heavy cane bundles and mount them at risky heights even during the night time. While injuries are very common among these labourers, occasionally, deaths too take place. The most recent reports reveal that the contractors force women labourers to remove their wombs so that they do not menstruate while working and therefore miss work. The number of such women estimates to around 30%. “Networks working on health and women’s issues say unwarranted hysterectomies among poor women in Beed and other places are the result of work-related pressures imposed on women, plus a grossly unregulated private medical sector and exploitative contractors and sugar factory owners who hire migrant workers” (Chatterjee, 2019). Along with such health hazards, activists claim that women labourers are exploited by the male contractors at the worksite where physical abuse and rapes happen quite often though they are not formally reported. Young children of the labourers also travel with them at the destination leaving their schools and education behind to help their parents in their work to get trapped into the vicious cycle of bonded labour like their parents (making it a generation after generation trap). Marginalised, alienated and vulnerable in the migrated socio-cultural environment, the sugarcane harvesting backward class labourers face livelihood insecurities. Pregnant women and children have to work. Exploitation is both obvious and subtle. Still this seasonal life is a better opportunity for them. The hardly shared realities, including, women’s critical health issues, sexual exploitation, rapes among other sensitive issues of their lives are beyond imagination. This paper studies the observations made while making a documentary film (which is an ethnographic exploration) on migrant labourers’ challenges. Using an autoethnographic framework on part of the authors, this research paper will attempt to capture their fears, insecurities, subtle voice as well as the silences.