bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kanser Bakımında Gözden Kaçırılan Bir Alan: İntihar Riskinin Tanınması ve Yönetimi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sevda , HİÇDURMAZ Duygu
Published: April 2020

İntihar Dünya’da birçok ülkenin gündeminde olup, riskli gruplarda önleme çalışmalarına büyük önem verilmektedir. Kanser hastaları da bu riskli gruplardan biridir. Hastalık sürecinde deneyimlenen fiziksel ve psikososyal zorluklar ve bazı demografik özellikler intihar düşüncesinin ya da girişiminin yordayıcısı olabilmektedir. Onkoloji hemşireleri kanser hastalarının fiziksel ve psikososyal gereksinimlerine yönelik 24 saat kesintisiz bakım veren sağlık ekibi üyeleridir ve bu nedenle intiharı tanılayabilmektedirler. Ancak, intiharı tanılama ve değerlendirme konusunda farkındalık, bilgi ve beceri eksikliği, olumsuz tutum ve yanlış inançlara sahip olma hemşirelerin bu konuda önemli engelleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, kanser hastalarındaki intihar riski konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak ve hemşirelerin bu konudaki rollerini, sorumluluklarını, yaşadıkları sorunları ve gereksinimlerini ortaya koymaktır.
FORMULAÇÃO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS E A SUSTENTABILIDADE: CASOS DE COOPERATIVAS AGROPECUÁRIAS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Rocha Adilson Carlos , Steiner Neto Pedro José
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de formulação da estratégia organizacional, considerando as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social em Cooperativas Agropecuárias. Fez-se uso da abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, com o desenvolvimento de dois casos. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de entrevista e pesquisa documental e a análise de conteúdo para fins de análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados a partir dos dois casos sugerem que há conhecimento e preocupação com a formalização das estratégias organizacionais por parte das cooperativas agropecuárias, no entanto não se verificou uma participação significativa dos cooperados (considerado principal stakeholder) neste processo. Quando a perspectiva da sustentabilidade é incorporada às decisões estratégicas, a dimensão econômica prevalece sobre as demais, demonstrando não haver ainda um equilíbrio entre os pilares da sustentabilidade no contexto destas organizações.
“DESCUBRA NUTELLA”: A PERSONALIDADE DA MARCA SOB A ÓTICA DOS CONSUMIDORES
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina , Arantes Rita De Cássia , De Rezende Daniel Carvalho
Published: April 2020

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de compreender a percepção dos consumidores quanto a personalidade da marca Nutella, estabelecendo uma relação entre a personalidade percebida e a personalidade desejada. Foi usado um questionário composto pelas cinco dimensões da personalidade da marca, totalizando 316 questionários válidos. Os dados foram submetidos ao Teste t pareado e análise de clusters. Também foi realizada coleta de informações oficiais, disponibilizadas pela marca Nutella, estudadas pela análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, as dimensões Credibilidade e Sofisticação são as que melhor descrevem a personalidade da marca Nutella. A personalidade desejada pela marca tangencia as dimensões “Credibilidade, Sofisticação e Diversão”.
TEORIA DA TRÍPLICE HÉLICE: UMA PROPOSTA DE MODELO DE GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA APLICADO À AGÊNCIA DE INOVAÇÃO DO CAFÉ (INOVACAFÉ)
Authors: Costa Cassio Henrique Garcia , Castro Júnior Luiz Gonzaga de , Ferreira Cassiano De Andrade , Benedicto Gideon Carvalho de , Novaes André Lucas
Published: April 2020

O objetivo neste estudo foi criar, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, um modelo de gestão estratégica para a Agência de Inovação do Café (InovaCafé), integrando o Balanced Scorecard (BSC) à teoria da Tríplice Hélice. O alinhamento da pesquisa-ação às teorias da Tríplice Hélice, do Planejamento Estratégico e à abordagem do BSC forneceu os subsídios necessários à formulação de um modelo de gestão estratégica capaz de contemplar a complexidade da InovaCafé enquanto organização articuladora da Tríplice Hélice. Com o desenvolvimento de um mapa estratégico adaptado à InovaCafé, os objetivos indicadores, metas e iniciativas constituem inovações que podem ser exploradas em outras pesquisas.
How to commentate a soccer match in Shipibo-Konibo (Pano)?
Authors: Zariquiey Roberto , Oisel Guillaume , Torres Zambrano Amelia , Sato Ruiz Jorge Eduardo , González Pinedo Carlos Gonzalo , Paredes Estela Víctor Raúl , Aguirre Baique Nazario , Palomino Cadenas Edwin Julio
Published: April 2020

The present paper lists and illustrates eleven strategies that are systematically used by Shipibo-Konibo speakers in order to comment live soccer matches in the context of an indigenous soccer cup informally called “Mundialito Shipibo”. We argue that these lexical, morphosyntactic and discursive strategies can be classified into three types according to their function: iconic strategies, which attempt to present the information more vividly (onomatopoeic forms and ideophones, reduplications, parallel structures and hearsay-quotatives); emotional strategies, which are used by soccer commentators to express their emotions and their feelings (interjections, player-directed speech and diminutives); and proximity strategies, which bring the speech closer to the Shipibo-Konibo audience (lexical Shipibo-Konibo innovations, vocatives, evidential access configurations and code alternations). These various strategies are crucial for understanding the new social dynamics that the Shipibo-Konibo language is getting into as a consequence of becoming an urban language, and are clearly creating a new speech genre. The new social uses that the Shipibo-Konibo people are giving to their language and the features that the language is developing in this new social context are crucial to understand the future of Shipibo-Konibo and other minority languages in Peru.
EXPERIÊNCIAS NA DOCÊNCIA: DESAFIOS E CONQUISTAS
Authors: De Jesus Soares Pereira Aparecida , Pereira da Silva Waldir , Ferreira da Cunha Mirian , Alves dos Santos Sá Lidiana , Francisco de Portugal Elizete
Published: April 2020

Este relato de experiência descreve a participação de acadêmicos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo – Códigos e Linguagens: Artes Visuais e Música no Programa Residência Pedagógica (RP). Tem-se como objetivo expor os benefícios adquiridos com o RP.
RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA E SUAS PERSPECTIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO
Authors: De Jesus Soares Pereira Aparecida , Lúcia dos Santos Almeida Ribeiro Vera , Paiva Moreira Teixeira Silva Irany , Ferreira Costa Miguel , Alves Borges Lucivânio
Published: April 2020

O Curso de Educação do Campo tem como objetivo formar profissionais, que tenham domínio dos conteúdos e a clareza crítica daquilo que ensina e faz. O PRP em consonância com o estágio possibilita aos seus residentes a experiência necessária para atuar no ensino de artes/música tornando-o um profissional capacitado, consciente, crítico e reflexivo naquilo que propõe ensinar.
O NOVO CORONAVÍRUS E OS IMPACTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA QUARENTENA
Authors: Silvana da Silva Vasconcelos Cristina , De Oliveira Feitosa Izabella , Lucio Rodrigues Medrado Plácido , Barbosa de Brito Ana Paula
Published: April 2020

O ano de 2020 começou com a notícia do surgimento em dezembro de 2019 na cidade chinesa de Wuhan de um novo coronavírus causador da Covid-19, uma doença altamente transmissível e em alguns casos letais. A pandemia do novo coronavírus trouxe efeitos sociais, econômicos e psicológicos em todo o mundo. Diante disso, especialistas recomendaram a quarentena como principal forma de impedir a propagação do vírus. Apesar de serem medidas necessárias deve-se levar em consideração a saúde mental das pessoas submetidas a esse período. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica sobre os efeitos da quarentena e propor estratégias para enfrentá-la, além de minimizar seus efeitos. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de artigos publicados entre os anos 2018 e 2020, nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e no Google Acadêmico. Os achados apontam que a quarentena pode desencadear sintomas psicológicos, sendo os sintomas mais comuns ansiedade, tristeza e raiva, podendo ser pontuais ou se estenderem após o término do isolamento. Contudo, existem estratégias quando adotadas em conjunto, podem minimizar os efeitos psicológicos do isolamento e fazer desse momento menos adoecedor. 

Palavras chave: coronavírus, quarentena, saúde mental.
SUPLEMENTAÇÃO E ALIMENTAÇÃO ADEQUADA NO CONTEXTO ATUAL DA PANDEMIA CAUSADA PELA COVID-19
Authors: Paixão de Gois Bárbara , Dias Pereira Araída , Lays Soares Lopes Karem , Campos Corgosinho Flávia
Published: April 2020

O surto do coronavírus foi classificado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, como pandemia. Desde então, o assunto vem sendo abordado de forma exaustiva nas redes sociais e veículos de comunicação em massa. A importância de uma alimentação balanceada e rica em nutrientes, além de enfatizar que não existem superalimentos, fórmulas, “shots”, sucos ou soroterapias por infusão endovenosa de nutrientes, que sejam indicados para prevenir ou até mesmo tratar pessoas contaminadas pelo coronavírus, precisa ser reforçada. Esse artigo tem como objetivo informar os profissionais da saúde e população em geral, a cerca do papel da alimentação e da real necessidade do uso de suplementos alimentares nesse contexto. As informações utilizadas basearam-se nos conhecimentos já consolidados na literatura sobre nutrição, e em documentos científicos e oficiais até então divulgados.  Alguns nutrientes como Vitamina A, D, C, Complexo B, Ferro, Zinco e Selênio podem atuar de maneira positiva no sistema imunológico, no entanto, uma alimentação balanceada é capaz de fornecer esses nutrientes. Já o uso de suplementação para melhora da imunidade  na prevenção e tratamento da COVID-19 não tem respaldo cientifico até o momento.

Palavras-chave: COVID-19, Alimentação saudável, Imunidade.
SARS-COV-2 - ASPECTOS RELACIONADOS A BIOLOGIA, PROPAGAÇÃO E TRANSMISSÃO DA DOENÇA EMERGENTE COVID-19
Authors: Silva Ferreira Eskálath Morganna , Gomes de Souza Breno , Paiva Silva Pedro Wallace , Lopes Miranda Wilson , Sanzio Pimenta Raphael , Fonseca Moreira Silva Juliana
Published: April 2020

Os Coronavírus pertencem a um grupo taxonômico de vírus que causam infecções respiratórias e podem acometer humanos e outros animais. No final de 2019, uma nova espécie de coronavírus foi identificada como a causa de um conjunto de casos de pneumonia em Wuhan, uma cidade na província de Hubei, na China. O vírus se espalhou rapidamente, resultando em uma epidemia em todo o país, seguido por um número crescente de casos em outros países do mundo. Em fevereiro de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde designou a doença COVID-19, que significa doença de coronavírus 2019. O vírus que causa o COVID-19 é designado por coronavírus 2 ou vírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pacientes infectados por esse vírus podem desenvolver desconforto respiratório agudo e alta probabilidade de internação em terapia intensiva, podendo evoluir para o óbito. Baseado no exposto o objetivo desse estudo foi promover a descrição da biologia do vírus (SARS-CoV-2), as formas de propagação e transmissão, além do processo de patogênese através de uma revisão literária sistemática.
GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE CRISE: A EXPERIÊNCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS NA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Sousa Kléber Abreu , Massa André , De Itoz Clarete , De Oliveira Souza Débora , Thiely de Macedo Marcia
Published: April 2020

Qualquer situação, diferente do comum, que afete ou ameace afetar negativamente as Instituições, seja sua função, sua finalidade, suas atividades, sua estabilidade e sua imagem, deve ser tratada como crise ou crise em potencial. As ações de comunicação em situações de crise além de preservar a imagem e a reputação da Instituição, não devem ignorar ou menosprezar, nestas circunstâncias, sua finalidade principal de atender ao interesse público. No ambiente universitário, local reconhecido como ambiente de forte contestação, reflexão e análise da realidade, faz-se ainda mais necessária a utilização das plataformas de conteúdo disponíveis, com o propósito de esclarecer e comunicar à comunidade as informações relevantes em tempos de crise. Dentro desse contexto, questiona-se: qual o efetivo alcance das informações que são produzidas nas plataformas de conteúdo das Universidades sobre a comunidade, em tempos de crise? Esta pesquisa revela a experiência da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT na pandemia covid -19, no que tange à gestão das informações. À luz da pesquisa exploratória, o estudo concluiu que a gestão integrada das plataformas de conteúdo institucionais precisa estar bem articulada e a mensuração do volume de publicações, bem como o alcance destas, precisa ser continuamente monitorado, sobretudo, em tempos de crise.
Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qianlie Tongli Decoction on Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Induced by Peptide T2 in Mice
Authors: Cui Xingxing , Naveed Muhammad , Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf , Wang Wenlu , Mikrani Reyaj , Liu Ziwei , Ahmed Bilal , Tang Meng , Wazir Junaid , Zhou Xiaohui
Published: April 2020

Objectives: This study was undertaken to reveal therapeutic effects and the preliminary mechanism of Chinese medicine formula Qianlie Tongli decoction (QTD) in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Methods: A total of 50 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups. All groups except the control group were injected subcutaneously T2 peptide emulsion, which induced the CP/CPPS model. After the induction of CP/CPPS, the model group was given 0.9% NaCl by oral gavage while low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups were treated with Chinese medicine formula. Micturition habits and pain behavior of mice were analyzed for each group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to investigate prostate inflammation. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Key findings: Chinese medicine formula significantly reduced the number of urine spots and improved pain response frequency in the medium-dose and high-dose group. The high-dose group showed reduced considerably inflammatory lesion and inflammatory cell infiltration than the low-dose and medium-dose groups. Serum levels of TNF-α in the high-dose group were significantly reduced compared with the model group. Conclusions: The results demonstrated the therapeutic effects of Qianlie Tongli decoction in CP/CPPS mice by analyzing clinically relevant symptoms (urinary tract system, pelvic pain, and prostate inflammation), and preliminary explored the inflammatory-related treatment mechanisms by measuring TNF-α.
Neural Network Based Country Wise Risk Prediction of COVID-19
Authors: Pal Ratnabali , Sekh Arif Ahmed , Kar Samarjit , Prasad Dilip K.
Published: April 2020

The recent worldwide outbreak of the novel corona-virus (COVID-19) opened up new challenges to the research community. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven methods can be useful to predict the parameters, risks, and effects of such an epidemic. Such predictions can be helpful to control and prevent the spread of such diseases. The main challenges of applying AI is the small volume of data and the uncertain nature. Here, we propose a shallow Long short-term memory (LSTM) based neural network to predict the risk category of a country. We have used a Bayesian optimization framework to optimized and automatically design country-specific networks. We have combined the trend data and weather data together for the prediction. The results show that the proposed pipeline outperforms against state-of-the-art methods for 170 countries data and can be a useful tool for such risk categorization. The tool can be used to predict long-duration outbreak of such an epidemic such that we can take preventive steps earlier.
UCB with An Optimal Inequality
Authors: Burgess Mark
Published: April 2020

Upper confidence bound multi-armed bandit algorithms (UCB) typically rely on concentration in- equalities (such as Hoeffding’s inequality) for the creation of the upper confidence bound. Intu- itively, the tighter the bound is, the more likely the respective arm is or isn’t judged appropriately for selection. Hence we derive and utilise an optimal inequality. Usually the sample mean (and sometimes the sample variance) of previous rewards are the information which are used in the bounds which drive the algorithm, but intuitively the more infor- mation that taken from the previous rewards, the tighter the bound could be. Hence our inequality explicitly considers the values of each and every past reward into the upper bound expression which drives the method. We show how this UCB method fits into the broader scope of other information theoretic UCB algorithms, but unlike them is free from assumptions about the distribution of the data, We conclude by reporting some already established regret information, and give some numerical simulations to demonstrate the method’s effectiveness.
Characterization of the Full-Length Genome Sequences and Phylogenetic Analysis of HDV Strains Isolated from Patients with Chronic HBV and HDV Infection in Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Ostankova Yu. V. , Nogoybaeva K. A. , Zueva E. B. , Kasymbekova K. T. , Tobokalova S. T. , Semenov A. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective. The purpose of our work was molecular genetic characterization of the hepatitis D virus isolates, circulating in the region with high prevalence of HBV + HDV super-infection. Materials and methods. The study material was 64 blood serum samples obtained from Kyrgyz Republic residents - patients with chronic viral hepatitis B+D. The hepatitis D virus complete genomes were sequenced, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results and discussion. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 64 HDV samples, it was shown that HDV genotype 1 (96.9 %) predominates in the examined group compared with HDV genotype 2 (3.1 %). Sequences were submitted to GenBank under access No MN984407 through MN984470. When assessing the genetic variability over the examined HDV genotype 1 samples, the maximum genetic distance was 12,49 %, and the minimum – 7,41 %. Within individual clusters, the genetic distance averaged from 2.6 % to 8.5 %. Among the sequences in GenBank, the closest resemblance to the HDV-2 Kyr41 and Kyr43 samples (nucleotide identity was 92.31 % and 89.57 %, respectively) was shown for the virus described earlier in Yakutia (AJ309880). To study the genetic relationships between the analyzed HDV genotype 1 strains in comparison with the HDV reference sequences, the predicted amino acid sequence was studied (111–214). Although hepatitis B preventive measures, including vaccination, have reduced the hepatitis D incidence, there is no effective way to prevent HDV infection in HBV carriers in endemic areas. The HDV sequence molecular-genetic characterization in this study, as well as the viral genomic sequence phylogenetic analysis, will help identify pathogen transmission pathways to control and / or prevent the spread of infection.
Epidemiological and Epizootic Situation on Plague in the Russian Federation and Forecast for Its Development for 2020–2025
Authors: Popov N. V. , Eroshenko G. A. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Matrosov A. N. , Ivanova A. V. , Porshakov A. M. , Lyapin M. N. , Korzun V. M. , Verzhutsky D. B. , Ayazbaev T. Z. , Lopatin A. A. , Ashibokov U. M. , Balakhonov S. V. , Kulichenko A. N. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective of the investigation was to assess epidemiological and epizootiological conditions in natural plague foci of the Russian Federation, neighboring states and foreign countries in 2019. Negative effect of the current climate warming on the state of parasitic systems of natural foci with circulation of plague microbe of the main subspecies, medieval biovar, phylogenetic branch 2.MED1 is emphasized. In 2019, local plague epizooties were registered in the territory of two (Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain) out of 11 natural plague foci of the Russian Federation. The total area of epizooty covered 2248.5 km2 . All in all, 31 cultures of Y. pestis of the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic branch 4.ANT and 5 cultures of Altai biovar, central-asian subspecies, phylogenetic branch 0.PE4a were isolated. The forecast for continuing tense epidemiological situation, both for 2020 and for 2021–2025, has been substantiated for natural foci with circulation of the main subspecies of antique biovar, phyologenetic branch 4.ANT: Gorno-Altai high-mountain and Tuva mountain ones. In the remaining nine natural foci in the territory of the Russian Federation epizootic manifestations of plague in 2020 are highly improbable. This prognosis is an indication to optimize the deployment of human and logistical resources of plague control institutions through concentrated preventive activities in the territories of epizootically active natural plague foci. Otlined is the necessity to put a new enhanced classification of Y. pestis into practice.
Peculiarities of Disinfection of Microbiological Safety Cabinets and Premises of Virological Laboratories when Carrying out Works with the Smallpox Virus
Authors: Zolin V. V. , Os’kina O. P. , Eremina M. N. , Davydov G. F. , Gosteva T. A.
Published: April 2020

Objective. Applying microbiological method to determine the effectiveness of disinfection treatments with formaldehyde fumigation of the hidden cavities and the reverse side of the microbiological safety cabinet filters (MSC) located in the “infectious” areas of an isolated to maximum extent laboratory. Evaluation of the effectiveness of experimental unit for automation of the formaldehyde treatment of laboratory premises. Materials and methods. Assessment of effectiveness of disinfection treatments of MSCs and the premises of virological laboratory was carried out using cambric test objects contaminated with the spore-forming test culture of B. thuringiensis. Results and discussion. The disinfection time sufficient for the complete inactivation of particularly dangerous pathogenic microorganisms potentially located in hidden cavities and on the back side of microbiological safety cabinet filters, placed in the “infectious” zone of the most isolated laboratory has been determined experimentally. As a result of the studies, it was possible to achieve complete inactivation of the spore-forming test microorganism located on test objects situated in hidden cavities and hardly accessible places of MSC at concentration of 1·106 cells/cm3 only with disinfection time equal to 24 hours. Effective disinfection of test objects contaminated with B. thuringiensis spore-forming test culture, placed in hard-toreach places and on the back of the equipment in a boxed virological room, using an experimental plant producing gaseous formaldehyde, was possible only when formalin was used in a concentration of 40 ml/m3 of the room. It was established that the amount of formalin required to achieve 100% efficiency of the disinfection treatment of the virological boxed room using an experimental unit producing gaseous formaldehyde depends on the operating mode of the general supply and exhaust ventilation, the configuration of the laboratory room, and the furnishing with laboratory and engineering equipment.
Determinants of Home Delivery among Women Aged 15-24 Years in Tanzania
Authors: Kimario Florence F. , Festo Charles , Shabani Josephine , Mrisho Mwifadhi
Published: April 2020

Background: The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal number 3 aims at reducing the maternal mortality rate by less than 70/100,000 live births globally and 216/100,000 live births in developing regions by 2030. Despite several interventions in Tanzania, maternal mortality has increased from 454/100,000 live births in 2010 to 556/100,000 live births in 2015. Home delivery and maternal young age contribute to maternal deaths. Reducing home deliveries among women aged 15-24 years may likely decrease the prevalence of maternal deaths in Tanzania. This study investigated the determinants of home delivery among women aged 15- 24 years in rural and mainland districts of Tanzania.

Methods: This study uses a mixed-methods approach using data collected as part of the evaluation of government and UNICEF interventions in 13 districts of Tanzania mainland from October and November 2011. Results from the secondary analysis were supplemented by qualitative data collected between February and April 2019 from four rural districts: Bagamoyo, Tandahimba, Magu, and Moshi.

Results: A total of 409 adolescents and young women who delivered one year before the quantitative data collection were included in the final analysis. A quarter of them gave birth at home. Having at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.12-0.41, p<0.01), planning place of delivery (OR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.14-0.36 p<0.01), and knowledge of the danger signs during pregnancy (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.22- 0.57, p<0.01) were significantly associated with the place of delivery.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Maternal level of education, number of ANC visits attended, planned place of delivery, and knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy were the determinants of the choice of place of delivery among women aged 15-24 years in Tanzania. Understanding these risk factors is important in designing programs and interventions to reduce maternal deaths from women of this age group which contributes about 18% of all maternal deaths in Tanzania.

Key words: • Adolescents • Young women • Home delivery • Tanzania • Sub-Saharan Africa

 

Copyright © 2020 Kimario et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Impact of Obediance Pressure on Risky Choice Behavior
Authors: Hariri Hariri , Basalamah Muhammad
Published: April 2020

This research aims at analyzing the determinance of financial statement fraud using MCP Theory (Motives, Capability, and Possibility). Motives variable used the proxy of leverage ratio (LEV), capability variable used the proxy by calculating the total number of board of directors and possibility variable used the proxy of the proportion of total audit committee. The criteria for sample in this research were companies with special notation or 'tattoo' from IDX from 2016 through 2018 amounted to 30 companies. The data analysis method used the SPSS. The results of the research show that Motives, Capability and Possibility variables simultaneously affect the financial statement fraud significantly and positively.
Variability in Groundwater Flow and Chemistry in the Houzhai Karst Basin, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Barna Joshua M. , Fryar Alan E. , Cao Le , Currens Benjamin J. , Peng Tao , Zhu Chen
Published: April 2020

Understanding how karst aquifers store and transmit water and contaminants is an ongoing problem in hydrogeology. Multiple flow paths and recharge heterogeneity contribute to the complexity of these systems. This study explored karst-conduit connectivity and water-chemistry variability within the Houzhai catchment in Guizhou Province, China. Artificial tracer tests were conducted during both the monsoon and dry seasons to understand temporal variability in connectivity and water velocity between karst features. Multiple flow paths through the catchment were activated during the monsoon season and partially abandoned during the dry season. Additionally, gradient reversals during monsoonal high-flow events and as a result of pumping were observed. Synoptic water samples from several karst features taken during both monsoon and dry seasons elucidated spatial and temporal variability within the catchment. Water residence time was generally longer during the dry season, and flow within the Houzhai catchment was determined to be temporally dependent. Time-series sampling at the outlet spring following a monsoonal storm event captured chemical variability and identified multiple flow paths. Overall, this study refines widely applicable methods for studying karst systems to this catchment and provides a foundation for future studies in similar settings.
Identificación de las capacidades tecnológicas y de investigación de la Escuela de Suboficiales y Nivel Ejecutivo Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Authors: Parra-Bernal León Darío , Argote-Cusi Milenka Linneth , Montoya-Parraga Lucy Alcira , Martinez-Rozo Nelly
Published: April 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg

En el plan nacional de desarrollo «prosperidad para todos» en sus capítulos VII y VIII se resaltó la importancia de fortalecer el sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnología, a partir de la articulación entre la Universidad, el Estado y el sector productivo. Para que dicha articulación surta efecto, se hace necesario el fortalecimiento de capacidades institucionales de transferencia de resultados de investigación, que sirvan como puentes facilitadores entre las necesidades de la sociedad y el sector privado y público, y la oferta de productos en ciencia y tecnología emanada de cada universidad, que pueda dar solución total o parcial a dichas necesidades. 

Pensando en ello, el proyecto del cual surge este artículo tuvo como propósito caracterizar el estado actual del proceso de transferencia de resultados de investigación y gestión del conocimiento, que ha realizado la escuela de suboficiales de la policía, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, como un caso de estudio que documenta la metodología utilizada para mapear las capacidades de transferencia y gestión del conocimiento en una organización. De acuerdo con lo anterior, uno de los principales hallazgos de la investigación fue identificar cuáles serían los principales cuellos de botella para mejorar el proceso de desarrollo y maduración de los proyectos y productos de investigación, susceptibles de ser transferidos al sector público. Se observó que el mayor obstáculo a superar es la continuidad de los proyectos o iniciativas, bajo nivel de divulgación de las mismas, falta de capacitación y el desarrollo de tutoriales para la implementación de estos.
Participation of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments in family of origin and intimate relationships: a grounded theory study
Authors: Pfister Andreas , Georgi-Tscherry Pia , Berger Fabian , Studer Michaela
Published: April 2020

Background: How adults with disabilities perceive participation has received little attention. Our purpose was to formulate a grounded theory on participation, based on the subjective experience of adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairment(s), and to identify barriers, facilitators, and support needs concerning participation in different areas of life. We aimed to explore whether the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), ratified by Switzerland in 2014, and its principles are being met. Here we report on the main category and focus on the participation areas ‘family of origin’ and ‘intimate relationships.’ Methods: In a qualitative, grounded theory study, we conducted problem-centered interviews with 23 adults with cognitive, physical, or psychiatric impairments (30­-53 years; 11 men, 12 women), with different housing (on their own, assisted living, with parents) and work situations (primary vs. secondary labor market) in nine German-speaking Swiss cantons. Results: Participation can be understood as a continuum that extends on a horizontal level (from participation is restricted to participation takes place) and a vertical level (separative setting vs. inclusive setting). In separative as well as in inclusive settings, diverse levels of participation are possible. Many participants were stuck in an ‘in-between’ area between separative and inclusion-oriented settings. In the family of origin, there was a thin line between fulfilling relations that enhance participation and conflictual relations and overprotective parenting that limit participation. In intimate relationships, opportunities for participation were limited overall. Many interviewees were single. Social environment and family of origin (e.g., parents) can enable and facilitate intimate relationships and sexual contacts but can also be an important barrier.Conclusions: Participation can be understood as a continuum. Participation restrictions exist in separative as well as in inclusive-oriented settings, also in the areas of family of origin and intimate relationships. Participation barriers must be torn down in separative as well as in inclusion-oriented settings. Trajectories to inclusive settings should be facilitated. Families with children with impairment(s) should be supported from early on to create the best possible participation possibilities for the (adult) person with impairment(s) and to support the family of origin itself.
Peripheral Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Patients with Schizophrenia：A Case-control Study
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wen Tianyang , Wang Yingtan , Kan Weijing , Xun Guanglei
Published: April 2020

Background: Recent studies show that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. There are two major types of antioxidant systems in vivo, namely enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This study investigated differences of non-enzymatic antioxidants between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods: Peripheral UA, ALB, and TBIL of 107 schizophrenic patients in the acute stage and 101 in the remission stage were measured respectively, so were 273 healthy controls. Results: The levels of UA ( P =0.020) and TBIL ( P <0.001) of schizophrenic patients in acute stage were higher than those of healthy controls, while the level of ALB ( P <0.001) was lower. Similar results were detected form schizophrenic patients in the remission stage. Schizophrenic patients in acute stage were divided into antipsychotics-use subgroup (n=56) and antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup (n=51). The level of UA ( P =0.001) in the antipsychotics-use subgroup was higher than that in the antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup, while the level of TBIL ( P =0.002) was lower than that in antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup. 77 schizophrenic patients in the acute stage were followed up, and there was no significant difference in the level of UA before and after treatment, but levels of ALB ( P <0.001) and TBIL ( P <0.001) decreased significantly after the treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the dysfunction of the peripheral non-enzymatic anti-oxidation system might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
The Role of Complement Immune Response on Artemisinin Combination Therapy in a Population from Malaria Endemic Region of Western Kenya
Authors: Wanjala Christine , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Akala Hoseah M , Odhiambo Geoffrey , Ogutu Bernhards R , Andagalu Ben , Kamau Edwin , Ochiel Daniel
Published: April 2020

Background Naturally acquired immunity (NAI), which is characterized by protection against overt clinical disease and high parasitaemia, is acquired with age and transmission intensity. The role of NAI on the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs, including artemisinin-based combinations used as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the role of NAI in response to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in symptomatic patients living in western Kenya, a high malaria transmission area. Methods Sera samples from malaria immune participants (n = 105) in a therapeutic efficacy study were assessed for in vitro growth inhibitory activity against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum using a fluorescent-based growth inhibition assay (GIA). Participants’ age and parasite clearance parameters were used in the analysis. Pooled sera from malaria naïve participants (n = 6) with no Plasmodium infection from malaria non-endemic regions of Kenya was used as negative control.Results The key observations of the study were as follows: (1) Sera with intact complement displayed higher GIA activity at lower (1%) serum dilutions (p < 0.0001); (2) there was significant relationship between GIA activity, parasite clearance rate (p = 0.05) and slope half-life (p = 0.025); and (3) age was a confounding factor when comparing the GIA activity with parasite clearance kinetics. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time there is synergy of complement, pre-existing immunity, and drug treatment in younger patients with symptomatic malaria in a high-transmission area.
Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Kaur Sanehdeep , Kaur Amarjeet , Kaur Rajvir
Published: April 2020

Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune by analyzing activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as morphology of haemocytes using Spodoptera litura as a model. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune was fed to the larvae of S.litura using the artificial diet having 276.54µg/ml (LC 50 of fungus) concentration for different time durations. Exposed groups revealed, significant (p≤0.05) increase in the activities of various enzymes viz. Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase. Furthermore, haemocytes showed various deformities like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae in the treated larvae. A drastic reduction in the percentage of normal haemocytes was recorded in the treated groups with respect to control. Conclusion: The study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing and immunosuppressant potential of S.commune against S.litura and its considerable potential for incorporation in pest management programmes.
Implementing selective-prevention primary care interventions targeting cardio-metabolic diseases in five European countries: the SPIM-EU project
Authors: Lionis Christos D , Anastasaki Marilena , Bertsias Antonios , Angelaki Agapi , Carlsson Axel C , Gudjonsdottir Hrafnhildur , Wändell Per , Sonderlund Anders L , Thilsing Trine , Søndergaard Jens , Seifert Bohumil , Kral Norbert , Wit Niek de , Hollander Monika , Korevaar Joke , Schellevis François G
Published: April 2020

Background

Cardio-metabolic diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide. Implementing selective prevention strategies has proven a substantial challenge, especially in primary care.
Objectives

As part of a collaborative European study, this paper aims to assess the implementation of primary care selective prevention interventions in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands and Sweden. We sought to determine participants’ cardio-metabolic risk profile, as well as their evaluation of the intervention in terms of feasibility and impact in promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Methods

A selective prevention intervention, including patient invitation and cardio-vascular risk assessment using country-adjusted tools, was implemented. Eligible participants were primary care patients, 40–65 years of age, without any diagnosis of cardio-metabolic disease. Main outcomes included intervention acceptance and completion rates. Patient demographics, lifestyle-related cardio-metabolic risk factors, and opinions on intervention feasibility were recorded. Findings are summarized descriptively.
Results

In each country, 200 patients were invited to participate in the study. Acceptance rates varied from 19.5% (n = 39/200) in Sweden to 100% in the Czech Republic (n = 200/200). Risk assessment completion rates ranged from 65.4% (n = 70/107) in Greece to 100% (n = 39/39) in Sweden. Twelve individuals (6.9%) were identified as being at high risk of cardio-vascular disease in the Czech Republic, five (8.6%) in Denmark, eight (11.4%) in Greece, 21 (36.8%) in the Netherlands and none (0%) in Sweden. On a ten-point scale, the median (25%-75% quartile) of participant-reported intervention feasibility ranged from 7.4 (6.9–7.8) in Greece to 9.2 (8.2–9.9) in Sweden. Willingness to change lifestyle exceeded 80% in all countries, with the desire for better health representing the main motivating factor for more than half of the participants.
Conclusions

Although substantial variations in patient cardio-metabolic risk profile and intervention receptiveness were observed, our findings add to existing evidence regarding the implementation of selective prevention programs in European primary care and can be used as part of future cardio-metabolic risk reduction strategies.
Rigorous Measures are Vital for Preventing and Controlling Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yu Lushi , Wang Yi , He Haihua , Chu Yuxin , Feng Hongyan , Wei Yuehua , Zhou Jin , Song Qibin , Gong Hongyun
Published: April 2020

Background Since December 2019, a novel corona virus disease named COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China and spread worldwide then. Active prevention and control measures have been carried out in China, such as vigorous publicity, active screening and rapid isolation. As the major epidemic area, the passages in and out of Wuhan were temporarily closed since January 23. We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of rigorous measures by comparing the characteristics of patients hospitalized before and after implementation of vital measures. Methods Clinical data of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during January 17-23 (Phase I) and February 3-9 (Phase II) were collected and compared. The cut-off date for follow-up was March 13, 2020. Results Of 176 patients with COVID-19, 97 were admitted in Phase I (43 [44.3%] male; mean age: 47.7), and 79 were in Phase II (33 [41.8%] male; mean age: 50.1). The proportions of severe cases were 21.6% and 10.1% respectively. Fewer patients had comorbidities (13 [16.5%] vs. 7 [7.2%]) and more asymptomatic patients were in Phase II (27.8% vs. 13.9%). Patients in Phase II had less fever (53.2% vs. 70.1%), cough (34.2% vs. 52.6%) and myalgia (11.4% vs.28.9%), while more diarrhea (11.4% vs. 2.1%). Lymphopenia and elevated CRP, as well as eosinopenia and elevated SAA were common in two groups, but all of that were significantly better in Phase II. More patients in Phase II preformed normal CT image on admission (10 [12.7%] vs. 7 [7.2%]). And lower CT scores (3 [2-4] vs. 2 [1-3]) were observed in Phase II. Up to cut-off date, average response time on CT image were 11.2 and 8.1 days in Phase I and II respectively. Shorter average hospitalized days were in Phase II (18.9 vs. 23.3 days). Four patients (4.1%) in Phase I and two (2.5%) in Phase II died. Conclusions Various actions (including vigorous publicity, active screening and rapid isolation) prompted more early patients with COVID-19 found, diagnosed and remedied, leading to good prognosis. Call for pretty attention to the epidemics of COVID-19 and timely measures around the world.
“…This facility has all that is Required for Safe Baby Delivery in Case of An Emergency There is a Theater…” Exploring Experiences and Perceptions of Quality of Maternity Care in a Rural Sub-County. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oluoch-Aridi Jackline Akinyi , Wafula Francis , Kokwaro Gilbert O , Adam Mary B
Published: April 2020

Background Maternal mortality still remains a big health system challenge in Kenya. Free maternity policy resulted in an increase in Facility-based delivery. However, this has not been accompanied with a reduction in maternal mortality. This research aims at establishing women’s experiences and perceptions with regard to the quality of maternal health services received at health facilities during delivery. This contextual knowledge will assist policy makers to better understand patterns of health system utilization critical for forging strategies for reducing inequities and providing high quality maternal care.Methods Women aged between 18 and 49 who had recently delivered and were attending six-week immunization clinics were purposively selected at six different health facilities and focus group discussions were conducted with the women. The data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Verbatim excerpts from the women were provided to illustrate the themes identified. The WHO vision for quality of care was used to assess the themes on experiences of care described by the womenResults Six themes were identified as facilitators to access maternal health services 1) Perceived quality of delivery services 2) Financial access to delivery services 3) Referrals to public tertiary health facilities 4) Social influence 5) operation times at public primary health facilities 6) Distance to the health facility. A few barriers were identified under the perceived quality of services most prominent been the mistreatment of women by night-shift nurses and the operation time at the primary health facilitiesConclusion The findings suggest that the rural women tend to prefer tertiary maternity health facility and there are a number of factors related to quality of care based on their experiences that predispose their choices. Most prominent was the availability of equipment such as theatres for obstetric complications. Another emerging issue was respectful care during maternity services. Auxiliary costs still present a challenge despite the free maternity services. Future studies need to focus on ensuring in depth contextual understanding of women’s perceptions of the experience of care with regard to patient-centered care. Understanding these aspects will help in forging strategies to reduce inequities that are leading to high maternal mortality
Antimicrobial stewardship program in China’s tertiary hospitals in 2018: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wushouer Haishaerjiang , Zhang Xi , Feng Jiajia , Lin Likai , Zheng Bo , Guan Xiaodong , Shi Luwen
Published: April 2020

Background

The study aimed to assess the development of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program in China’s tertiary hospitals to identify the potential challenges for AMS program and provide references and benchmarks for strategic policymaking.
Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted online by sending questionnaires to tertiary hospitals under China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) between November 1, 2018 and December 10, 2018. The questionnaire included 5 sections regarding structure, technical support, antimicrobial use management, antimicrobial use surveillance and education. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
Results

Of 1044 tertiary hospitals under CARSS, 13.4% (140) hospitals participated in the study. Among them, 99.3% (139/140) set up AMS program. Hospital president (82.1%, 115/140) and medical service department (59.3%, 83/140) were responsible for AMS outcomes in most hospitals. Structured antimicrobial formulary restriction management was adopted by 99.3% (139/140) hospitals. Infection disease department, infection control department and microbiological laboratories were established in 87.1% (122/140), 99.3% (139/140), and 100% (140/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 85.6% (124/140) hospitals applied clinical pathways and 33.6% (47/140) hospitals implemented hospital-specific guidelines for infectious diseases. Outpatient prescription audit, inpatient prescription audit and prophylactic antimicrobial prescription audit of aseptic operation were performed in 99.3% (139/140), 98.6% (138/140) and 95.7% (134/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 97.1% (136/140) hospitals participated in antimicrobial use surveillance network and 99.3% (139/140) hospitals established the specialized management of carbapenem and tigecycline. Staff education and AMS-related popular science education were provided with different ways and frequency in 100% (140/140) and 88.6% (124/140) hospitals, respectively.
Conclusions

AMS in China’s tertiary hospitals were primarily headed by hospital presidents and involved collaboration among various disciplines and administrative departments. More efforts should be put into further promoting and strengthening the development of hospital-specific guidelines and the establishment of progress and outcome evaluation system.