bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine Garbage Dredge Prototype for Coastal Area
Authors: Pramana Rozeff , Uperiati Alena , Ramdhani Eka Putra , Thomas Romi
Published: November 2021

Activities carried out in coastal areas such as recreation, fishing activities, and transportation makes coastal regions have an essential role in life. However, activities carried out in the region often leave negative impacts, such as dumping trash directly into the sea. Coastal communities still carry out their activities to dispose of their waste now to the sea. The process of cleaning up marine litter in the coastal areas using heavy equipment is quite tricky. This is because the condition of buildings in the coastal area has the building with the concept of houses on stilts. The research has succeeded in making a marine garbage dredging using a conveyor system that is contained using a wireless joystick and can be well controlled within a radius of about 7 meters. The dredging is also equipped with a weight sensor (load cell) used to determine the load of garbage displayed on the 16 x 2 LCD. Garbage weight is stored in the SD card. The data stored on the SD card will show the time and load of garbage that has been transported by conveyor in an area.
Monitoring System of The Temperature for Mini Fish Storage using Internet of Things
Authors: Prayetno Eko , Suhendra Tonny , Saputra Jeremya Lukmanto
Published: November 2021

Fish is one of the high-protein foods that are very helpful for the development of the human brain. Then, it is necessary to maintain the freshness of the fish for consumption. At this time, fishers and fishmongers preserve the freshness of fish by using Ice in the fish storage. However, it is considered ineffective due to improper ice change time. Therefore, monitoring temperature is very important and helpful to find the right time when replacing the Ice used to ensure the quality of fish. The development of this device uses Arduino ESP32, DHT21 Sensor, Micro SD Module, Internet of Things system, monitoring using Blynk Application and notifications using Telegram App. DHT21 sensor test results obtained a data conformity level (Error Level) of 2%. At the fish storage room temperature, there is the lowest temperature of 10.50 oC and ice temperature conditions in the storage of 0 oC. Therefore, the best state to keep fish fresh that researchers want is 0 oC to 2 oC at ice temperatures or 11.50 oC obtained in testing the time it takes to replace Ice by about 10 hours.
Development of Microplastic Research in ASEAN
Authors: Khodijah  , Habibah Sayyidah Nur
Published: November 2021

Microplastic research is currently an exciting trend along with global environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to review the development of microplastic research in ASEAN. The researc uses a systematic review method by searching for the keyword “microplastic” and the name of the ASEAN country on the Google Scholar website, Science Direct, and other research paper provider websites. Papers reviewed in 2018 to August 2021 period were then classified based on the components analyzed. The results showed that based on the research location category, the majority of microplastic research was carried out in Vietnam (12/50 articles). The category of research object focused on marine organisms more than terrestrial organisms, the category of microplastic concentration varied because the microplastic sampling method was not standardized, the category of microplastic form dominated by the form of fiber; commonly found in coastal areas. The socio-economic category is not much related to the circular economy. To conclude, microplastic research still has opportunities, especially from a socio-economic perspective.
Biodiversity of Natuna as a Potential Ramsar Site of Wetlands with International Importance in Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Bony , Putra Risandi Dwirama , Suryanti Ani , Razai Tengku Said , Putra Imam Pangestyansah
Published: November 2021

Ramsar site designation is an acknowledgment of a wetland’s importance. In this study, we conducted a biodiversity survey around Natuna to examine its eligibility as the next Ramsar site in Indonesia. This biodiversity survey was conducted through sampling for biological resources, using either transect, trapping, or visual observation. We surveyed 32 sampling stations for endangered and vulnerable fish, water birds, and wetland-dependent species. Samples were identified in meristic and morphometric form. We identified numerous endemic species and critically endangered, threatened, and vulnerable species. The most prominent native species are the endemic Presbytis natunae. Notable wood species are Eusideroxylon zwageri and Dipterocarpus sp., both critically endangered species. Sea grass species found in the coastal regions are Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides, and Thalassia hemprichii. There are 52 species of fish found in the Natuna Sea, notably Bolbometopon muricatum, Oxymonacanthus longirostris, Plectropomus areolatus, and the endemic Cheilinus undulates. Numerous migrating birds and water birds are also found in the wetland and coastal region. The study concluded that Natuna fulfilled as a Ramsar site criteria based on its biodiversity characteristics and the support it provided to vulnerable species. We call for concentrated effort from the government for a successful nomination of Natuna as a Ramsar site..
The Recovery Strategy of Mangrove Tourism after Covid-19 Pandemic in Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Tetty Tetty , Hafsar K , Haidawati Haidawati , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Suhana M P , Muzammil W , Putra R D , Hanifah Hanifah
Published: November 2021

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been confirmed as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Every country in the world is affected by this disease, including Indonesia. Covid-19 impacts not only public health but also other sectors such as tourism. This study aims to discover the solution to recover mangrove tourism after the pandemic. This study formulates the mangrove tourism recovery strategy after Covid-19 that conducted from April to August 2021 in Bintan Islands, Indonesia. The recovery strategy using Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. The result shows that the strength of mangrove tourism in Bintan Island is the magnificence of the mangrove itself, the community-based tourism, various and unique tourism activities, etc. The weakness is incomplete facilities, lack of promotion, etc. The recovery strategy priority is mangrove tourism management that performed by BUMDes, Establishment of Pengudang Village Tourism and Cultural Heritage, Training and Mentoring of Mangrove Tourism Managers.
Protection of Impact Electromagnetic Radiation on Public Health and Environment, Indonesia
Authors: Muhamad Mujahidin , Tonny Suhendra , Sapta Nugraha , Rusfa  , Bunga Paramita
Published: November 2021

A penetration of SUTET trajectory in residential areas, causing public health problems and environmental problems. Development of the electrical energy sector, regulation the increasing electricity demand. Distribution electricity from inter-GI generating centers requires SUTET in the air with a voltage above 245kV. The community assesses health impact that operates mostly with the voltage of 500 kV, >1000mA/m2, can cause heart problems, extrasystole rhythms, and ventricular fibrillation Electrical sensitivity. A simple method and integrating the divergence shift flux density a radiation point, a method proposed from Strokes theorem relates the closed line integral vector field to curl surface integral and divergence theorem which relates the surface integral a closed vector field to integral volume and divergence vector field, this experiment electric field produced by the line charge is directed radially away from the line charge, so the direction lines electric field(E), and equipotential surfaces perpendicular to each other. This study is a collection of symptoms hypersensitivity, comprehensively, and a potential difference between two points in the electric field, which has the performance of charge unity in responding to charge from both points the area, the solution is environmental-based management. Ionizing radiation is the dispersion or emission energy when through a medium, absorption process occurs, and radiation energy beam does not induce, results in vector potential having magnitude is inversely proportional the radial distance from the element which is similar to inverse distance dependence scalar potential. In conclusion, take steps to empower the community for residents in the area SUTET.
Experimental Study of Pedelec E-Bike Using Modified Mid Drive Motor
Authors: Kusuma Hollanda Arief , Bachtiar Ibnu Kahfi , Suhendra Tonny , Sunardi Unai , Refly Septia , Suswaini Eka , Yunianto Anton Hekso , Salim Agus
Published: November 2021

In small island areas, people still use fossil fuel vehicles as their mode of transportation. This will cause environmental damage. One solution to this problem is developing the electric bike. This study uses a power-assisted bicycle type electric bicycle, consisting of a battery, a dc motor, a motor controller, and a throttle motor. From the test results, the motor can be used to support the rider. The problem is that the rated power is still more oversized than the engine can receive, where the temperature rises sharply from 30. 6 ° to 56.8°C in 21 minutes. The consequence was motor burnout because the motor forced to turn the front wheel over time. For right now, this e-bike suitable tourism bike in a short area so we can make sure the motor temperature did not exceed 50°C.
Transaction Costs on Online Transportation Partnership: An Empirical Study in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Dermawan Dodi
Published: November 2021

This study uses a digital platform with a partnership pattern between application companies and online transportation drivers. Previous studies reported that digital platforms were able to reduce transaction costs. This study aims to identify transaction costs in online transportation partnerships in Malang, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with interactive analysis, the informant is a two-wheeled online transportation driver in Malang City. This study revealed that several transaction costs in online transportation namely negotiated transaction costs when the driver is suspended and supervision transaction cost when the driver got problems with an error application server, lost internet network, parking fees for pick-up, and fake orders from customers. Further, transaction costs are also uncertain since the company’s application regulations frequently change overtime. Despite the transaction fees, the drivers’ overall income were much better compared to their previous job. To reduce these transaction costs, government regulations are needed to balance the rights of drivers. Moreover, the company could replace the suspension with a fine of a certain amount. Changes to rules and policies must accommodate input from driver partners since they are more aware of actual conditions.
Exploring user analysis of blended learning module for Research Methodology course
Authors: Jais Juraifa , Abdul Rahim Rabiah Eladwiah , Budit Baharuddin , Hussin Muhammad , Kamaruzaman Siti Fairuz , Kamaruldin  , Mohd Dzaki Dzahir Rashidi
Published: November 2021

This paper describes the user analysis of a newly proposed blended learning module for Research Methodology, specifically for postgraduate programmes. Blended learning for Research Methodology course is a first interdisciplinary modules introduced in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for an innovative teaching method for all program (Business, IT and Engineering). This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature, using a qualitative research design to investigate the users’ needs in blended learning. Drawing from instructional design of ADDIE model, interviews with new postgraduate students have been carried out to explore their needs and expectations. Findings reveal learning environment, users' knowledge, learning motivation and duration time appear significant in the user analysis of Research Methodology blended learning course. The study findings will act as an input for the next stages of Research Methodology module development. The user analysis enables deep understanding on the users’ needs and in turn may improve students’ learning experience in blended learning course.
Money, power and inequality among married couples in urban Sarawak
Authors: Wee Lynn
Published: November 2021

In accordance with United Nations’ sustainable development goal in achieving gender equality and to empower all women and girls, this paper investigates gender equality and power in marital relationship. Using Resource Theory of Power as a conceptual framework, this paper examines the distribution of marital power among married couples. More specifically, this paper examines to what extent do married couples use money as a bargaining tool to negotiate for more control in two areas: (1) managing economic resources and (2) household decision making. Forty married couples from urban Sarawak were located and interviewed. Results indicate that apart from money, marital power is affected by more influential factors such as ideologies and religious teachings. Consequently, having more money does not necessarily mean having more control over the decision making as decision making in a marriage is often guided by prescribed gender roles in accordance to one’s ideologies, cultural and religious teachings. Hence, gender equality in the management of economic resources and decision making within a household can only occur when an increase in women’s resources is combined with changes in gender roles and ideologies.
How Firm Characteristic on Capital Structure Can Improve Technology Improvement in Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs?
Authors: Chin Kuah Yoke , Zakaria Zuriawati , Keong Choong Chee
Published: November 2021

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a important contribution to boost the economies overall the world. In fact, SMEs always struggle to access the financing compared list company. There are several factors influence the capital structure decision in SMEs. This study focuses on manufacturing SMEs companies and examines the influence of firm characteristics (firm size, tangible asset, liquidity, profitability and firm growth) on capital structure towards technology improvement. The results showed only liquidity and firm growth were found to be positive significantly affect the external financing. Furthermore, internal and external financing also able improve the manufacturing’s technology performance. Conclusion, different firm characteristics have different leverage privileges which trying to attain optimal capital structure. The variations in the capital structures affect the costs of equity or debt and cost of capital. This study provides benchmarks for corporate managers in SMEs when making a company’s decision on the company’s performance.
Quality and equality: Verifying “My reading experience” questionnaire for a sustainable literacy education framework
Authors: Chong Su Li , Renganathan Sumathi , Janan Dahlia , Lim Jia Wei
Published: November 2021

This paper reports one aspect of a larger project that set out to narrow the literacy gap among Malaysia’s rural and urban children in terms of their literacy achievement. Using Perak as a case-state, this overall project scrutinises why despite the Education Ministry being the biggest recipient of the recent national budget 2020, with an estimated allocation of RM64.1billion, there are still children especially in rural schools who are unable to master the ability to read and write, even in their own mother tongue language. Through this project’s on-going work which attempts to connect the theories of literacy with actual-on-the-ground issues of children’s reading experience especially in rural schools, important matters were flagged up. This paper will highlight these matters as they are uncovered vis-à-vis the verification of “My reading experience” questionnaire which was one of the main research tools that was used for this project. Mainly, these matters were located along three aspects of literacy i.e. context, definition and language as they relate to how the questionnaire was designed. This has important implications towards how a sustainable literacy education framework can be shaped.
Quadruple helix approach on education stem-based corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Authors: Muhammad Shafiq Shahrul Amar Ts. , Nordin Shahrina , Ismail Izad , Abdul Hadi Syed , Alif Mohd Arifin Izuan
Published: November 2021

This publication outlines the rationale of the corporate social responsibility program (CSR) and employer engagement to improve career readiness for society in related demographics. The self- sustained corporate social responsibility (CSR) program explores a variety of industry partnerships possible and appropriate approaches to reduce the education gap through the digital strategy and cost-effective methods. A majority of the leading industry players including technology based companies in telecommunication play a vital role not only to provide sufficient telecommunication infrastructure but foster a dynamic ecosystem for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) education using the quadruple helix support system methods. This engagement of education based on CSR is twofold. First, a technology-based corporation program is to create a platform on reducing the digital education gap or literacy. Education CSR program served as enrichment medium on digital communication provided to rural areas in Malaysia. Second is a remarkable social impact observed in self-sustained and diversified education program models through the industry CSR approach.
Corporate Governance Codes and Intellectual Capital: Evaluating the Performance Impacts among Government-Linked Companies in Malaysia and Singapore – A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Chang Yen Wen , David Ng Ching Yat , Low Suet Cheng , Tee Peck Ling
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effects of corporate governance (CG) and intellectual capital (IC) between Malaysia Government-Linked Companies’ (M-GLCs) and Singapore Government-Linked Companies’ (S-GLCs) firm performance (FP). Panel data analysis was employed to analyse the impact of CG’s variables and IC’s variables on FP. FP was measured by Return on Total Assets (ROA), Tobin’s Q and Earnings Per Share (EPS). Data was gathered from the website of Bursa Malaysia and the Stock Exchange of Singapore from 2005 to 2018. The sample size of this research was 60 GLCs which comprised of 34 M-GLCs and 26 S-GLCs. There were a total 840 firm year observations. Results indicated that CGs of S-GLCs have greater impact on FP when compared to M-GLCs while the findings of the IC of M-GLCs have greater impact on FP compared to S-GLCs. This research was helpful in offering further insights of CG practices and IC efficiency to the Government, Board of Directors, policy makers, shareholders and stakeholders.
The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacity in the Relationship between Research Community Participation and Open Innovation
Authors: Rahim Rabiah Eladwiah Abdul , Ali Nor’ashikin , Jais Juraifa
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing research community participation and open innovation through the mediating role of absorptive capacity from the lens of Resource Based View and Dynamic Capability perspectives. Based on a survey of 115 senior engineering faculties from three research universities in Malaysia, this study applies the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate the research model. The findings demonstrate that top management support has a major impact on research community participation. The findings also suggest that absorptive capacity mediates the association between research community participation and open innovation capability. This study provides a theoretical basis on the resources and capability that are pertinent for open innovation. From a practical perspective, the relationships among research community participation, absorptive capacity, and open innovation suggest how universities can promote research community participation and assess their absorptive capacity to achieve open innovation.
Digital Content Marketing – A Literature Review on Concepts, International Experiences and Implications for Vietnam
Authors: Quy Nguyen Hong , Sun Feifei
Published: November 2021

Communication activities are increasingly more diverse, complex and play a more important role in brand building. Perceived consistency of brand messages (across campaigns), a new variable that reflects an important aspect of the integration performance of marketing communications, has been included in the investigation of the impact of marketing communications. It has been shown that perceived consistency strongly correlates with brand's perception, attitude and behavior changes of the target audience. However, the mechanism of influence of this factor in the communication process is still a question for further research.
Role of SMEs in Oman: Perspectives of future Employment and Protection Policy Response
Authors: Mondal Swadhin , Al-Shukaili Abdullah , Kassim Norizan Mohd , Zain Mohd
Published: November 2021

SMEs is consider as an important component of economic development, create job opportunities, and bring innovation and social welfare. Empirical evidence shows that SMEs plays a major role in creating employment in developed countries. In developing countries there are mixed results-- there is no direct relation between entrepreneurship and employment growth. However, there are very few studies investigates the links between the growth of SMEs and the growth of employment creation in oil dependent economy. Present study investigates the growth of future employment creation across the size of SMEs by using recent survey data conducted by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in Oman. Regression analysis was used to examine the association with future job creation and other factors influencing job creation. Study found that early stage entrepreneurs expecting to provide more than two times of current level of employment by next 5 years. However, established business (EB) entrepreneur’s expected employment growth is negative. This means that after 5 years’ job opportunity will be reduced in established SMEs. Our regression result shows that the male entrepreneur who have higher level of qualification and earning higher income from the business are more likely to create more jobs in next 5 years and so. The study also found that the self-perceived innovation and creativity have positive and significant relation with job creation in future. However, the skills, experience and optimism towards business environment have negative relation with future job creation.
Komplementäre Pflege
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: November 2021

Patienten, die mit einer Hämodialyse behandelt werden, nehmen Schmerzen als die häufigste Nebenwirkung der Behandlung war. Schmerzen können die Schlafqualität, die emotionale Stimmung, die zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen und die Lebensaktivitäten negativ beeinflussen sowie körper liche Einschränkungen verursachen. Ist die Schlafqualität vermindert, sind die Patienten durch eine wahrgenommene Energielosigkeit weniger in der Lage, ihren täglichen Aufgaben nachzugehen. Es wird beschrieben, dass Lachyoga die Atmung stärkt, Muskeln entspannt und durch die Ausschüttung von Endorphinen die Schmerztoleranz erhöht. Ebenso sollen kognitive Funktionen durch die Senkung von Stresshormonen verbessert, Ängste und depressive Stimmungen reduziert, die Schlafqualität erhöht und das psychische Wohlbefinden durch die Förderung zwischenmenschlicher Beziehungen und Interaktionen verbessert werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Wirksamkeit von Lachyoga auf den Beta-Endorphin-Spiegel, die Schmerzstärke und die Schlafqualität bei Hämodialysepatienten.
Die Bedeutung der Langzeit-Blutdruckmessung bei Patienten mit Nierenkrankheiten
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander
Published: November 2021

Die arterielle Hypertonie (aHTN) ist einer der führenden Ursachen für die Progression der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CNI). Die Prävalenz der aHTN in der CNI-Population ist sehr hoch und mit einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko assoziiert. Eine verlässliche Messung der Blutdruckwerte ist für die Blutdruckeinstellung und Therapie essenziell. Der additive Nutzen der Langzeit-Blutdruckmessung liegt in der besseren Abbildung der Blutdruckwerte über längere Zeit (i. d. R. 24 Stunden) und damit in der besseren Detektion der Weißkittel-, maskierten oder nächtlichen Hypertonie. Zudem zeigen Durchschnitts-Blutdruckwerte aus der Langzeitmessung in der CNI-Population eine bessere Korrelation zu kardiovaskulären und renalen Ereignissen als die Werte aus der Praxis-Blutdruckmessung. Da bislang alle randomisierten Interventionsstudien als Zielwerte des Praxis-Blutdruckes verwendet haben, kann die Langzeitmessung nicht alleine zur Therapieüberwachung verwendet werden.
Langzeitsicherheit von Blutdrucksenkern
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: November 2021

Eine optimale Blutdruckeinstellung ist essenziell, um langfristig kardiorenovaskuläre Schäden zu verhindern und um die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität der Patienten zu reduzieren. Viele blutdrucksenkende Medikamente wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr erfolgreich entwickelt. Patienten müssen diese z. T. für viele Jahre einnehmen, daher erwartet man von den Medikamenten eine sehr hohe Langzeitsicherheit. Das bedeutet, dass es auch nach Jahrzehnten nicht zu unangenehmen Folgeschäden wie v. a. Krebserkrankungen kommen darf. Denn es gab immer wieder Hinweise, dass bestimmte Medikamente wie Thiaziddiuretika oder auch ACE-Hemmer (ACE: „angiotensin converting enzyme“) das Wachstum spezifischer Krebserkrankungen ggf. steigern oder auch die Entstehung von Tumoren auslösen können. Dieser Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Stand zu Langzeitsicherheit bzw. -nebenwirkungen der typischen Blutdrucksenker wie ACE-Hemmer, Sartane, Kalziumantagonisten, Beta-Blocker und Diuretika zusammen.
Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Carbanions
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Tom Mai-Jan
Published: November 2021

This Account summarizes our recent work on rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions with nitrile-stabilized carbanions. Despite the challenges associated with employing nitrile-stabilized nucleophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, we have developed enantiospecific and enantioselective allylic alkylation reactions. Notably, these novel reactions permit expedient and selective access to an array of acyclic ternary and quaternary stereogenic centers present in important biologically active and functional molecules.

1 Introduction

2 Enantiospecific Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Anions

3 Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions with Nitrile-Stabilized Anions

4 Conclusion
Recent Progress in Chromium-Mediated Carbonyl Addition Reactions
Authors: Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu , Katayama Yuri
Published: November 2021

Organochromium(III) species are versatile nucleophiles in complex molecule synthesis due to their high functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity for aldehydes. Traditionally, carbonyl addition reactions of organochromium(III) species were performed through reduction of organohalides either using stoichiometric chromium(II) salts or catalytic chromium salts in the presence of stoichiometric reductants [such as Mn(0)]. Recently, alternative methods emerged involving organoradical formation from readily available starting materials (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, alkenes, and alkanes), followed by trapping the radical with stoichiometric or catalytic chromium(II) salts. Such methods, especially using catalytic chromium(II) salts, will lead to the development of sustainable chemical processes minimizing salt wastes and number of synthetic steps. In this review, methods for generation of organochromium(III) species for addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, classified by nucleophiles are described.

1 Introduction

2 Alkylation

2.1 Branch-Selective Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes

2.2 Linear-Selective Alkylation of Aldehydes

2.2.1 Catalytic Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldehydes Using NHPI ­Esters

2.2.2 Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes

2.2.3 Alkylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes

2.3 Catalytic α-Aminoalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds

3 Allylation

3.1 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling

3.2 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkenes

4 Propargylation: Catalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling

5 Conclusion
How to Improve the Effect of Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm: A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases with Unsuccessful First Time MVD
Authors: Xia Yun-fei , Zhou Wei-ping , Zhang Ying , Li Yan-zhen , Wang Xu-hui , Li Shi-ting , Zhao Hua
Published: November 2021

Background Microvascular decompression (MVD) has become accepted as an effective therapeutic option for hemifacial spasm (HFS); however, the curative rate of MVD for HFS varies widely (50–98%) in different medical centers. This study could contribute to the improvement of the MVD procedure.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed 32 patients in whom initial MVD failed in other hospitals and who underwent a second MVD at our center. The clinical characteristics, operative findings, outcome of the second MVD, and complications were recorded.

Results There were 18 women and 14 men (56.3 and 43.7%, respectively). The left-to-right ratio was 19:13. The mean age of the patients was 59.8 years. We found an undiscovered conflict site located in zone 4 in 10 patients and in the root entry zone in 8 patients. The initial MVD failed in nine patients because of ignorance of the arterioles that originate from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. There were no special findings in four patients. No Teflon felts were found in the whole surgical field in one patient.

Conclusion Omission of the offending vessel is the most common cause of an unsuccessful MVD. Intraoperative abnormal muscle response associated with the Z-L response is a good measure to correctly identify the involved arterioles.
Safe and Effective Digital Anticoagulation: A Continuous Iterative Improvement Approach
Authors: Austin Jodie A. , Barras Michael A. , Sullivan Clair M.
Published: November 2021

Background Anticoagulant drugs are the leading cause of medication harm in hospitals and prescribing errors are common with traditional paper prescriptions. Electronic medicines management can reduce prescribing errors for many drugs; however, little is known about the impact of e-prescribing on anticoagulants. Our case study reports on the lessons learned during conversion from paper to e-prescribing and the ongoing optimization process.

Methods The iterative implementation of an anticoagulant prescribing platform in an integrated electronic medical record (ieMR) and ongoing continuous enhancements was applied across five digital hospital sites utilizing a single domain. The collaborative management of each class of anticoagulant, optimization strategies, governance structures, and lessons learned is described. An analysis of the rate of errors and adverse events pre- and post-go live is presented.

Results The transition to e-prescribing relied on a strong inter-disciplinary governance framework to promote the safe management of anticoagulants. There was no increase in overall prescribing errors, however unfamiliarity with the new system caused a transient increase in errors with unfractionated heparin (1.8/month pre-ieMR vs. 5.5/month post-ieMR). A dedicated real-time surveillance dashboard was introduced. The iterative nature of changes indicated the complexities involved with anticoagulants and the need for an interactive, optimization approach. This led to a significant decrease in anticoagulant related hospital acquired complications (12.1/month pre-ieMR vs. 7.8/month post-ieMR, p = 0.01).

Conclusion Digitizing anticoagulant prescribing led to an overall reduction in errors, but a continuous iterative optimization approach was needed to achieve this outcome. The knowledge presented can help inform optimal therapeutic anticoagulation ieMR design strategies.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Seizure Freedom after Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Pediatric Intractable Epilepsy: An Analysis of “Super-Responders”
Authors: Tamura Goichiro , Lo William B. , Yau Ivanna , Vaughan Kerry A. , Go Cristina , Singleton William G.B. , Hazon David , Yan Han , Otsubo Hiroshi , Donner Elizabeth J. , Rutka James T. , Ibrahim George M.
Published: November 2021

Clinical responses to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for intractable epilepsy can be unpredictable, and factors that predict response to therapy are elusive. Minority of children undergoing VNS achieve seizure freedom. The current study aimed to characterize this exceptional patient population, defined as “super-responders” (SRs). Retrospective data were collected from 150 children who underwent VNS at a single pediatric institution. The patients' mean age at VNS device implantation was 12.0 years (range, 3.09–17.9 years). Ten SRs (6.7%) were identified who achieved and maintained seizure freedom for longer than 1 year following implantation. The interval between epilepsy onset and VNS device implantation was significantly shorter in SRs than in the other children (mean epilepsy duration 5.72 vs. 8.44 years, respectively; p = 0.032). SRs also had a significantly shorter proportion of life with epilepsy compared with the other children (mean ratio of epilepsy duration to age at implantation 0.52 vs. 0.71, respectively; p = 0.023). SRs reported their seizure freedom relatively early (six patients within 6 months and all patients within 12 months after implantation) at relatively low device settings (mean output current 0.81 mA at their last follow-up). Compared with conventional models, responsive VNS models with autostimulation features did not increase the ratio of SRs. No other clinical or imaging characteristic difference between SRs and the other children was found in this cohort. The current study showed a significant association between shorter epilepsy duration and shorter proportion of life with epilepsy and seizure freedom after VNS.
Perinatal Outcomes among Women Identified by a Community Health Needs Assessment
Authors: Duryea Elaine L. , Martin Robert , McIntire Donald , Spong Catherine Y. , Nelson David B.
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to compare perinatal outcomes for women with greater social needs, as identified by the Community Health Needs Assessment, to those of women living in other areas of the county.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women delivering at a large inner-city county hospital. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed for women living within a target area with substantial health disparities and social needs, and compared with those women living outside the target area. Statistical analysis included student's t-test, Chi square, and logistic regression.

Results Between January 2015 and July 2020, 66,936 women delivered at Parkland hospital. Of these, 7,585 (11%) resided within the target area. These women were younger (26.8 ± 6.5 vs. 27.9 ± 6.4 years, p < 0.001), more likely to be black (37 vs. 13%, p < 0.001), and had a higher body mass index or BMI (33.3 ± 7.0 vs. 32.6 ± 6.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001). All women were likely to access prenatal care, with 7,320 (96.5%) in the target area and 57,677 (97.2%) outside the area attending at least one visit. Adverse perinatal outcomes were increased for women living within the target area, which persisted after adjustment for age, race, and BMI. This included an increased risk of preeclampsia (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.03, 1.2]) and abruption (aRR 1.3, 95% CI [1.1, 1.7]), as well as preterm birth before both 34 weeks (aRR 1.3, 95% CI [1.2, 1.5]) and 28 weeks (aRR 1.3, 95% CI [1.02,1.7]). It follows that neonatal ICU admission (aRR 2.1, 95% CI [1.3, 3.4]) and neonatal death (aRR 1.2, 95% CI [1.1, 1.3]) were increased within the target area. Interestingly, rate of postpartum visit attendance was higher in the target area (57 vs. 48%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion Even among vulnerable populations, women in areas with worse health disparities and social needs are at greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Efforts to achieve health equity will need to address social disparities.

Key Points
Upper semi-continuity of random attractors and existence of invariant measures for nonlocal stochastic Swift–Hohenberg equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Wang Jintao , Li Chunqiu , Yang Lu , Jia Mo
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we mainly study the long-time dynamical behaviors of 2D nonlocal stochastic Swift–Hohenberg equations with multiplicative noise from two perspectives. First, by adopting the analytic semigroup theory, we prove the upper semi-continuity of random attractors in the Sobolev space H02(U), as the coefficient of the multiplicative noise approaches zero. Then, we extend the classical “stochastic Gronwall’s lemma,” making it more convenient in applications. Based on this improvement, we are allowed to use the analytic semigroup theory to establish the existence of ergodic invariant measures.
A portable X-pinch design for x-ray diagnostics of warm dense matter
Authors: Strucka J. , Halliday J. W. D. , Gheorghiu T. , Horton H. , Krawczyk B. , Moloney P. , Parker S. , Rowland G. , Schwartz N. , Stanislaus S. , Theocharous S. , Wilson C. , Zhao Z. , Shelkovenko T. A. , Pikuz S. A. , Bland S. N.
Published: November 2021

We describe the design and x-ray emission properties (temporal, spatial, and spectral) of Dry Pinch I, a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London. Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device, 300 × 300 × 700 mm3 in size and ∼50 kg in mass, that can be used as an external driver for x-ray diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments. Among key findings, the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1 ± 0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple ∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV. The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10 ± 4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current diagnostics. The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches—suggesting a spot size of 10 ± 6 µm in the soft energy region (1–10 keV) and 190 ± 100 µm in the hard energy region (>10 keV). These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available. At the same time, this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.
Automatic detection of abrupt transitions in paleoclimate records
Authors: Bagniewski W. , Ghil M. , Rousseau D. D.
Published: November 2021

Bifurcations and tipping points (TPs) are an important part of the Earth system’s behavior. These critical points represent thresholds at which small changes in the system’s parameters or in the forcing abruptly switch it from one state or type of behavior to another. Current concern with TPs is largely due to the potential of slow anthropogenic forcing to bring about abrupt, and possibly irreversible, change to the physical climate system and impacted ecosystems. Paleoclimate proxy records have been shown to contain abrupt transitions, or “jumps,” which may represent former instances of such dramatic climate change events. These transitions can provide valuable information for identifying critical TPs in current and future climate evolution. Here, we present a robust methodology for detecting abrupt transitions in proxy records that is applied to ice core and speleothem records of the last climate cycle. This methodology is based on the nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test for the equality, or not, of the probability distributions associated with two samples drawn from a time series, before and after any potential jump. To improve the detection of abrupt transitions in proxy records, the KS test is augmented by several other criteria and it is compared with recurrence analysis. The augmented KS test results show substantial skill when compared with more subjective criteria for jump detection. This test can also usefully complement recurrence analysis and improve upon certain aspects of its results.
Uniform deposition method of monodispersed SiO2 nanoparticles on a 300-mm Si wafer surface
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Choi Seulgi , Cho Yujin , Oh Haerim , Chae Seung-Ki , Kim Taesung
Published: November 2021

A study of the uniform deposition of nanoparticles across a 300-mm wafer was conducted to assess the uniformity of the wafer center-to-edge cleaning technique. A new method of particle deposition was devised different from the conventional method using electrostatic force. The strategy implements wafer rotation and deposition through principles of convection and diffusion. In this study, we focused on the effect of wafer rotation speed on particle deposition. After determining optimum conditions, fine results were obtained with a well-deposited shape and an excellent particle size uniformity of above 70% over the entire area of the wafer except in unusual cases. Deposition results were confirmed with KLA-Tencor Surfscan SP5 commonly used by foundries, and logic and memory manufacturers around the world to increase node development and production. The inherent index of the refraction value by Surfscan SP5 caused a particle size shift in measurement results. However, scanning electron microscopy and scanning mobility particle sizer analysis results revealed that 80-, 60-, 40-, 30-, and 20-nm-sized silica nanoparticles were well deposited on the wafer. Through this research, we believe that standard wafers processed with this particle deposition method will be useful for performance evaluation of wafer cleaning technology and calibration of wafer inspection technology during development.
Optimization of shaped pulses for radio frequency excitation in NMR logging
Authors: Shi Guanghui , Xiao Lizhi , Luo Sihui , Long Zhihao , Wang Zhengduo
Published: November 2021

The radio frequency (RF) excitation pulse of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging tool can realize slice measurement by designing shaped pulses. In the case of a certain main magnetic field, the accuracy of the shaped pulse design has a very important impact on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the NMR signal and the measurement of the short relaxation signal. Hard pulse excitation will produce an undesirable infinite number of side lobes that may perturb the spins in unwanted regions. Soft pulse can achieve selective excitation and has a better slice profile and shorter energy release time while it is not conducive to the measurement of short relaxation signals. This article focuses on the design of shaped pulses in extreme downhole environments and analyzes the characteristics of the three shaped pulses in the two cases of equivalent bandwidth and equivalent pulse duration. At the same time, a kind of RF-shaped pulse transmitting circuit with phase difference control is realized. According to the pulse type optimization strategy, the appropriate shaped pulse is selected. When echo spacing (TE) >0.6 ms, the SNR can be increased to more than 12%. When TE is small, it will automatically switch to the hard pulse mode, which is good for short relaxation measurement.
Observations and analysis of the impact of annular eclipse on 10 MHz short-wave signal in Sanya area on June 21, 2020
Authors: Huang Luxi , Liu Changhong , Chen Yingming , Wang Xin , Feng Ping , Li Xiaohui
Published: November 2021

This paper takes the annular solar eclipse that occurred in China on June 21, 2020, as the background and conducts tests and analysis of shortwave timing sky wave signals. The test group continuously tested the signal field strength data from June 20, 2020, to June 23, 2020. The results show that the shortwave signal field strength on June 21, the day of the annular eclipse, is significantly weaker than that on two other days—before and during the annular eclipse—and there are three obvious jumps in the field strength value. (1) The first jump occurs more than one hour before the annular eclipse, and then, the field strength has an oscillatory attenuation. Between the first jump and the second jump, the overall change trend of the field strength value is an oscillatory decline one. (2) About 25 min before the beginning of the eclipse, the second jump of the field strength occurs; from the second jump to the third jump, that is, before the occurrence of the beginning of the eclipse and the transition phase from the beginning to the middle of the eclipse, the value of the field strength has an oscillatory increase. (3) During the period of 8:00–8:10, the field strength shows a third jump. Although the field strength oscillates after the third jump, it has no obvious increasing or decreasing trend. Based on the results of previous studies on the annular eclipse on that day and the analysis of the theoretical model of radio wave propagation, this paper preliminarily considers that the change in signal field strength is supposed to be caused by the impact of the outbreak of the annular eclipse on the ionosphere. When the annular eclipse occurred, the sunlight reaching the ground is blocked by the Moon, and the ionization degree of electrons in the ionosphere is reduced, resulting in an increase in the penetration factor, and the overall performance of the shortwave signal reaching the ground is weakened.
Enhancing spin-Hall spin–orbit torque efficiency by bulk spin scattering modulation in ferromagnets with ruthenium impurities
Authors: Feng Guonan , Chen Xi , Fu Di , Liu Jintao , Yang Xinyan , Yu Guanghua
Published: November 2021

We report that the efficiency of the spin-Hall spin–orbit torque (SOT) in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/MgO films can be engineered by introducing ruthenium (Ru) impurities into the bulk of the Co layer. As the concentration of the Ru impurities increases, the effective field of the damping-like SOT is increased by a factor of 2.3, leading to SOT efficiency per unit current density enhancing from 0.069 to 0.155. However, the Ru incorporation shows less impact on the field-like SOT efficiency. First-principles calculations reveal that the Ru incorporation can significantly increase the density of states of the majority spin at the Fermi level but has less influence on the minority spin case. We suspect that such an electronic-structure modulation may reduce the scattering of the spin-Hall spin currents flowing across the Co-Ru layer, resulting in SOT efficiency enhancement. The SOT enhancement by Ru incorporation is also observed in Ta/CoFeB/MgO films, indicating that modulating the spin scattering inside ferromagnets with judiciously selected impurities is a promising strategy to construct low-power-dissipation SOT spintronic devices.