bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental involvement and children’s well-being in stepfamilies: The role of biological relatedness and gender
Authors: Arat Ece , Brons Anne , Poortman Anne-Rigt
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of parental involvement (i.e., parenting time) for children’s well-being in stepfamilies. Including stepfather families with coresident children, most prior research has studied the role of (step)parent-child relationship quality (e.g., closeness). This study compares the relevance of biological parent and stepparent involvement for children’s well-being, including stepmother and stepfather families, while accounting for children’s residence. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using the New Families in the Netherlands (NFN) survey, large-scale data collected among divorced and separated parents with minor children (2015/16; N = 3218). Involvement in routine activities was not associated with children’s well-being. Biological parent and stepparent involvement in interactive activities was positively associated with well-being, except when biological parent involvement was (too) frequent. Children, on average, benefited equally from the interactive involvement of both parent types. Biological parent involvement had a stronger positive association with child well-being than stepparent involvement only when involvement was rare. Yet, when involvement was (overly) frequent, stepparent involvement was related to better well-being, with the opposite effect for biological parents. These findings are consistent between stepmother and stepfather families. This study, overall, indicates that interactive activities are important to the well-being of most children, whether undertaken by biological parents or stepparents.
The Third Way: Reinterpreting the Political Settlements Framework with Structuration Theory
Authors: Xu Tao Louie
Published: October 2024

This research constructs the duality-oriented political settlements framework through structuration theory. With immense conflicts and inequality of global development, the underlying power distribution and institutional evolution in the South, however, are not fully elucidated due to the dualism-driven disagreements. With the duality of structure, our research investigates the dialectical structure-agency relationship in socio-political interaction, mediating dualism into the power structuration process, followed by a case examination of the Peiyang Republic of China 1912–1928. The results illustrate that the duality-oriented framework settles the limitations on account of static power structure and convoluted agency. The findings reveal the evolving nature of political settlements, whereby institutions are used and reconstituted by the praxes of agents. Analysing the interaction between power agents and structures, this research reinterprets political settlements as dynamic reproduction of power systems for broader development and conflict studies.
Encountering diversity: Educator’s ways in mediating toddler’s inclusion in the Finnish early childhood classroom
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Jokikokko Katri
Published: October 2024

This study explores educator-child interactions and their relationship with educators’ approaches to diversity and inclusion during the mealtimes in Finnish early childhood education and care. Based on video-recordings of mealtimes, a mixed-method approach was adopted to analyze 539 moments of educator-child interactions. The results suggest diverse educator-child interaction patterns mediating children’s inclusion. In educator-child interactions, children’s diverse agency for participation is considered by educators. Educators’ approaches to diversity suggest their open attitudes towards inclusion which are not limited to ethnicity but relate to children’s individual needs. During moments of tension within educator-child interactions, children’s agency contributes to transform educators’ attitudes towards inclusion. However, there seems to be a tendency to understand equality as uniformity which contradicts the core principle of equity of social justice in multicultural inclusive education.
تحليل العلاقة ما بين شركات الطيران والنشاط السياحي في العراق (شركة الخطوط الجويـة العراقيـة حالة دراسية)
Authors: احمد عبد الزهرة حمدان  , صبا صلاح الدين نوري
Published: October 2024

يتمثل الغرض من البحث في بيان العلاقة مابين نشاط وحجم شركات النقل الجوي في العراق مع حركة وتطور النشاط السياحي عينة البحث شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية ، وتنبع أهمية البحث من ان جودة الخدمة تسهم بشكل كبير في ازدهار النشاط السياحي وجذب السائحون الذين ترتبط قراراتهم بمدى سهولة وسلاسة الحصول على الخدمة بالإضافة الى تسليط الضوء على التطورات الحديثة المتمثلة بالخدمة الرقمية واقتناء الخدمة عن طريق التطبيقات الالكترونية والتحويلات الالكترونية. تمثلت فرضية البحث بأن هناك علاقة إيجابية ما بين تنامي وتطور أنشطة شركات الطيران وحجم السياحة الداخلية والخارجية وهذه العلاقة هي طردية الاتجاه ومتينة من حيث قوة الارتباط. انتهج البحث أسلوب الاستقراء والاستنباط من اجل اثبات او دحض فرضية البحث ، وكان أهم استنتاج هو وجود هذه العلاقة ما بين نشاط شركة الخطوط الجوية العراقية والنشاط السياحة سواء كان حقن سياحي او تسرب سياحي .
SRAM Single Bit Cell Soft Failure and Nanoprobing Methods
Authors: Song Zhigang , Tenney Michael , Fischer Larry , Albert Dave
Published: October 2024

SRAM is often chosen to be the process qualification vehicle during technology development or yield learning vehicle during product manufacturing, and consequently failure analysis of SRAM is the main feedback for process improvement and yield learning. The most common SRAM failure is single bit cell failure. Although its location can be precisely localized by functional test and the defect causing the failure is within the failing bit cell, its failure analysis becomes more and more challenging in advanced technology nodes. As semiconductor technology continuously scales down, SRAM bit cell size and power supply voltage decrease, resulting in increased transistor strength variation and mismatch. SRAM single bit cell soft failures have become more and more common. For such a failure, its defect is usually subtle or even there is not physical defect at most cases. The soft failure is just due to transistor parameter variation. To evaluate the single bit cell soft failure and identify its root cause, electrical nano-probing is an indispensable measure. In this paper, we will first describe the operation of a 6-Transistor (6-T) SRAM single bit cell and three different types of single bit cell soft failures, then discuss the two electrical nano-probing methods for the SRAM single bit cell soft failure.
Application of Advanced Dynamic Photon Emission Microscopy with Programmable Tester for Functional Failure Analysis of DRAM Devices
Authors: Kwon Hagyeong , Kim Chae Soo , Lee Sunah , Park Jihoon , Son Jihoon , Baek Jeonghoon , Yew Seungchul , Lee Dong In , Lee Byeongheon
Published: October 2024

In DRAM devices, many failures only appeared in a specific operating state on chips during functional tests. Dynamic photon emission microscopy (D-PEM) is a useful technique in failure analysis for emitted photons when the device under test (DUT) is electrically exercised. Therefore, D-PEM analysis combined with specific external triggers in functional test can activate the chip, and thereby expand the range of detectable defects and increase the chances of finding a specific failure mode. In this study, we will discuss various cases of external triggers applied from the tester. This method can be used to detect emission which did not show up in conventional test condition in PEM method for localizing active fails in DRAM. Then, after localizing the site of failure, more detailed physical visualization by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross section image, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray microscopy (EDX) revealed main causes of failure. We believe that our method could be a future solution for increasingly difficult and diverse failures modes in the DRAM industry.
Utilizing PFIB for Preparing TEM Lamellae Tailored to High Aspect Ratio 3D NAND Structures
Authors: Chen Yu-Chih , Wu Zhao-Ling , Chiou Bo-Hao , Lin Chun-Hung , Hsu Hsin-Cheng , Yeh Chin-Chih , Lian Nan-Tzu , Yang Ta-Hone , Chen Kuang-Chao
Published: October 2024

The TEM sample preparation by Plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) for a 3D NAND sample with high aspect ratio (HAR) was investigated. Through the PFIB window delayering method, a nearly curtain-free and uniform thickness of TEM lamella could be obtained, addressing the issue of curtaining effectively. Moreover, the pre-treatment step for preparing the chunk of the region of interesting (ROI) out from wafer can be performed by PFIB automated procedures, which could promote the sample preparation efficiency. Through the PFIB window delayering method, TEM analysis of large-area HAR 3D NAND nanostructures becomes achievable.
Narrowing the Launch and Capture Pulses for Detection of Marginal Defects
Authors: Merassi A.A.
Published: October 2024

Customer-reported device failures that cannot be replicated during incoming retests present a significant challenge in semiconductor testing. These discrepancies often arise because customer applications subject devices to more extensive and prolonged stress conditions than standard final testing procedures allow. This paper presents a novel method for detecting subtle marginalities in main logic failures by modifying launch and capture pulses in transition delay patterns. Our approach enhances failure detection capabilities in failure analysis environments, particularly for marginal failures that initially pass automated test equipment (ATE) retesting despite customer-reported issues. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique through a case study where we successfully reproduced a customer-observed failure by adjusting the timing parameters. This method bridges the gap between standard test conditions and real-world application environments, enabling more accurate fault detection and validation.
Pluck-and-Probe Method for EBIRCH Isolation of Wordline Defects in 3D Replacement Gate NAND
Authors: Rich Chandler , Harlow Wayne , Muñoz Becky , Sandoval Regino , Crow William , Jensen Erik , Davis J. Temo , Hamid H M Ashfiqul
Published: October 2024

Wordline defects in 3D Replacement Gate NAND (RG NAND) are a major issue holding back part functionality and yield. Shorted wordline locations isolated by EBIRCH enable precise lamella preparation for STEM/TEM, increasing the defect visual rate for physical failure analysis. Due to deprocessing limitations, such as specialized tool requirements, part-specific die preparation knowledge, and the location of the defect in the die, makes preparing samples for successful EBIRCH isolation difficult and time-consuming. A novel sample preparation method for SEM-based nanoprobing has been developed to solve these issues, enabling EBIRCH/EBAC for isolating wordline defect locations with minimal advanced deprocessing and which can be similarly applied to any RG NAND node.
Cross-Sectional Passive Voltage Contrast Technique on FinFET Metal-Gate Breakdown Defect Isolation and Visualization for TEM Analysis
Authors: Ting S.L. , Tan P.K. , Ng P.T. , Chen C.Q.
Published: October 2024

Failure analysis for gate oxide breakdown is increasingly challenging as technology advances to smaller technology nodes. Previously, the cross-sectional passive voltage contrast (XPVC) technique has been successfully utilized in mature technology nodes to isolate gate oxide breakdown locations in complex polysilicon gate structures of planar transistors. However, as semiconductor technology advances, more intricate transistor structures such as FinFET are employed to improve device performance. This paper focuses on the application of the XPVC technique to metal gate structures and examines the challenges associated with its implementation in advanced technology nodes. We demonstrate the applicability of this method in 14nm FinFET devices in simulated gate oxide breakdown experiments showcasing successful sample preparation for subsequent Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis.
X-Ray Nanotomography Enabling Submicron Resolution Failure Analysis for Advanced Packaging
Authors: Dreier Till , Nilsson Daniel , Hållstedt Julius , Wittborn Jesper
Published: October 2024

Advanced packaging of electronic components is increasing complexity of single packages containing up to hundreds of individual components in a 3-dimensional arrangement. X-ray nano-tomography enables to resolve these complex structures in 3D with sub-micron resolution for failure analysis. Here we present a study using a cutout from an embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB) scanned with a custom nano-CT system utilizing a state-of-the-art nano focus X-ray source. For comparison, a scan using a commercial electronics imaging system was performed as well. We demonstrate that micron and sub-micron sized defects can be identified enabling failure analysis on the sub-micron level.
Enhanced TEM Specimen Preparation for STEM-EBIC Analysis Using a Ga FIB system Followed by Post-FIB Ar Ion Beam Milling
Authors: Bonifacio C.S. , Li R. , Ray M.L. , Fischione P.E. , Hubbard William
Published: October 2024

Electrical characterization is a critical step in the failure analysis workflow, a sequence that often ends in high-resolution imaging in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scanning TEM electron beam-induced current (STEM EBIC) is a technique that effectively combines these methods by performing electrical characterization at each imaging pixel, with the electron beam acting as a local current source. This work highlights the specimen preparation technique using the Ga FIB system followed by post-FIB Ar ion milling for STEM EBIC analysis. We present STEM EBIC as a technique to evaluate the surface quality of the specimens and to characterize the electronic properties of advanced devices at high resolution. With STEM EBIC, inactive and active finFET structures were clearly distinguished and improvements in sample quality from post-FIB Ar ion milling were evident.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Combining Electron-Beam Probing and Optical Techniques in a 16 nm Technology Device
Authors: Saavedra Antonio , Amini Elham , Jatzkowski Jörg , Kiyan Tuba , Renkes Lars , Boit Christian , Altmann Frank , Brand Sebastian , Seifert Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

This work demonstrates the capability of E-beam probing, combined with optical techniques, to effectively monitor the activity of the IC structures and extract the signals from a 16nm technology device through the silicon backside. We conducted optical probing to localize the area of interest on the device, where we aimed the E-beam probing to gather the signal. Once the target was located, a trench down to the STI level was opened on the device. This enables the use of E-beam probing, which has a much higher resolution than the optical methods.
Automating Submicron IR Measurements for Failure Analysis
Authors: Anderson Jay , Lo Michael K.F. , Dillon Eoghan P. , Kansiz Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Fast analysis of small organic contamination at the surface represents a major set of common microelectronics and semiconductor issues. Infrared (IR) microspectroscopy the workhorse for organic contamination is often limited to ~50µm and larger. Many labs move these samples from IR to Raman micro spectroscopy which should achieve higher spatial resolution down to 1µm using high NA objectives but routinely fails to achieve the chemical specificity of these organic contaminants. We will discuss a new IR method that provides organic contamination identification <1µm resolution. We provide this analysis via an automated routine, where optical images including brightfield, cross-polarized or fluorescence images can be used to automatically identify the contamination, provide its approximate shape and size, and identify its X&Y location on the sample, for measurement. The measured spectra is searched to provide a match against stored library spectra to identify the contamination.
Unlocking Insights into 3D Transistor Defects: The Power of Supplementing TEM with Elemental Electron Tomography
Authors: Zhang Yu , Davidson Kevin , Lu Po-Cheng , Baumann Frieder , Mitchell Travis
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the application of 3D electron tomography to enhance transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based failure analysis of 3D FinFET transistors. Traditional TEM analysis is challenged by projection effects due to the thickness of the sample, complicating accurate defect characterization in miniaturized semiconductor structures. The defects seen by conventional (2D projection) TEM imaging are unclear and difficult to interpret. Leveraging scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) tomography techniques, the study presents detailed examinations of two semiconductor samples exhibiting high leakage currents. Results reveal etched-out epitaxial regions subsequently filled with gate materials, critical for understanding device failure. By digitally reconstructing TEM lamellae in three dimensions, this approach overcomes projection artifacts and precisely localizes defects. The findings underscore the efficacy of 3D electron tomography in semiconductor failure analysis, offering insights crucial for improving device reliability and manufacturing processes in advanced semiconductor technologies.
Short Stories—Isolating Shorts in Circuit Boards
Authors: Fasolino Stephen , Cardle Will , Wheeler Jason
Published: October 2024

The intent of this paper is to present several case studies that highlight different analytical methods used to isolate short circuits within Circuit Card Assemblies (CCAs). When working with CCAs, each investigation may present its own unique challenges that can be solved utilizing a diverse toolset. This toolset does not just include test equipment but rather a catalog of methodologies and processes, which is learned through experience while leveraging how others have approached similar problems.
Effective FA Approach in Uncovering Gate-to-D/S Tungsten Spur Fabrication Defect
Authors: del Castillo Alex Marionne , Rafael Alfred Jay , Matibag Jolina May , Saladar Jae , Evangelista Robin , Mendaros Raymond
Published: October 2024

A series of power supply line controller failures at Analog Devices Incorporated (ADI) exhibited abnormal output voltage and quiescent current symptoms. Our failure analysis revealed a gate-to-drain/source tungsten spur defect, which required a sophisticated multi-step detection process. The investigation combined several advanced techniques: light emission microscopy (LEM) and optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH) identified the failing circuit, passive voltage contrast (PVC) located the affected transistor, and nanoprobing with electron beam induced resistance change (EBIRCh) pinpointed the gate-to-source/drain leakage location. Focused ion beam (FIB) cross-sectioning proved crucial for physical analysis, as conventional chemical deprocessing would have destroyed the tungsten spur and potentially misidentified the defect as electro-static discharge damage. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the spur's composition as tungsten, and subsequent fabrication investigation traced the root cause to a titanium nitride barrier breach at the contact bottom, occurring where contacts intersect with spacer nitride. The issue was resolved through critical dimension tightening at the fabrication site.
فتغنشتاين: شكل لغة، شكل حياة
Authors: بنور عبد الرزاق
Published: October 2024

الفلسفة نقد للغة؛ هذا ما يقره لودفيغ فتغنشتاين (1889–1951) في كتابه "تحقيقات فلسفية"، متبنيًا بذلك ما قاله فريتس ماوتنر (1849–1923)، ومعلنًا تأثره به. وعلى أساس هذا المبدأ، أسس فتغنشتاين "نظرية معرفية" متكاملة، إلى درجة يمكن معها اعتبار "تحقيقات فلسفية" نموذجًا لـ"نقد اللغة الخالص". فاللغة هي الوسيلة الأساسية للمعرفة لأنها شرط للإدراك وتكوين المعنى في الخطاب ومن خلاله؛ إذ من البديهي أن "كل شيء يبدأ في التصور مع اللغة وينتهي إليها في التواصل".

وبالتالي، يبدو الاعتراف بأننا عندما نتصور لغة، فإننا نتصور "شكلًا من أشكال الحياة" إقرارًا بديهيًا، رغم أن الفلسفة غالبًا ما تتعامى عن ذلك، كما يقول فتغنشتاين. ولأن شكل الحياة في هذا السياق مرتبط بالمجتمع البشري، فإن الألعاب اللغوية - باعتبارها الشكل المنطوق من أشكال الحياة - تختلف بحسب اختلاف الثقافات، والطبائع، والأزمنة، والعلاقات الاجتماعية، وقواعد التصرف بشكل عام. فتكون "طريقة تصرف البشر" النظام المرجعي الذي نؤول من خلاله لغة مجهولة لدينا.

هكذا يقول فتغنشتاين، الذي يُدخلنا في خضم التداولية اللسانية، حيث لا يوجد فهم متبادل خارج تجربة المجموعة اللغوية المتشكلة. حتى وإن نقلنا مع فتغنشتاين السؤال "ما المعنى؟" إلى جواب عن سؤال يبدو أكثر بساطة: "أين يوجد المعنى؟"، فإنه يضعه في سياق الاستعمال وتراكمه. ومع ذلك، تظل لهذه الأسئلة تداعيات مباشرة على الترجمة بشكل عام، وعلى ترجمتنا العربية لنص "تحقيقات فلسفية" بشكل خاص.
The non-use of hay in feed, and the integrity of the keratinized epithelium in the stomach of non-athlete horses
Authors: Vasconcellos Luiz Alberto da Silva
Published: October 2024

In order to check the gastric squamous epithelium of non-athlete horses, 37 castrated male horses were submitted to video endoscopy (gastroscopy). All animals were from the same rural property, where the horses were fed only with grass (grazing), without parasitological control, vaccination or even mineral supplementation or any form of hay. We therefore concluded, based on the findings of the gastric endoscopies, that grazing as a form of feeding for horses is extremely important, not only for general health but also for the integrity of the equine stomach mucosa.
Efeito do uso da Promixalicina no controle de verminose e parâmetros sanguíneos de ovelhas
Authors: Factori Marco Aurélio , Sena Gabriela Capitane Sena , Fernandes Daniela Seko Fernandes , Costa Roque Sanchez , Melo Guilherme Ferreira Maia de Melo
Published: October 2024

Sheep producers are increasingly looking for strategies to tackle the problem of worms in animals, as well as to improve the functioning of the animals' immune system. Therefore, two experiments were carried out in two different properties (with high and low challenges in relation to verminoses) with the objective of evaluating the effect of Ovine Promixalicin on the EPG (eggs per gram) of feces, and blood parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant sheep, on two different properties. The indication for use of the product is to, among others, contribute to the control of verminoses. The animals evaluated on the properties came from a pasture production system, with the use of concentrated and/or roughage supplementation if necessary. The animals used were of the Dorper, Texel, Ile de France and Sulfolk breeds. The parameters evaluated were EPG, Famacha, Body Condition Score and blood parameters (lymphocytes, leukocytes and erythrocytes). In relation to experiment 1, with a low challenge in relation to worms, the use of Promixalicin significantly helped reduce worms and improve animal well-being, thus aiding the herd in increasing productive parameters such as weight gain and fertility. In experiment 2, a system with a high challenge in terms of verminoses, the animals remained uniform and controlled by the use of Promixalicin, including beneficial results in relation to blood parameters, which did not increase during its use. Therefore, the use of Ovine Promixalicin does not alter feed intake in animals, and is effective in controlling verminoses, including Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colobriformis, Oesophagostomum columbianum e Strongyloides papillosus, promoting well-being and maintenance of the immune system, especially in pregnant animals, bringing benefits to the sheep production system.
Inteligencia Artificial Educativa. “Quinta ola”, Conectivismo e Innovación Digital Pedagógica
Authors: Bermeo-Paucar Javier , Pérez-Martínez Lisbeth , Villalobos Antúnez José Vicente
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La Inteligencia Artificial en la educación es actualmente uno de los pilares fundamentales para generar procesos de innovación pedagógica. En ese sentido, el trabajo analiza las implicaciones de la incorporación de la IA al entramado socio-educativo, y su transformación del entorno educacional. A este fenómeno se lo denomina la “quinta ola” de la Inteligencia Artificial, siguiendo los comentarios de Villalobos (2024) y Lee (2020). Metodología: Se emplea una metodología documental-interpretativa, considerando los textos relevantes para el objeto de estudio. Resultados: Entre los resultados más resaltantes se señalan: la reafirmación de la educación como proceso determinante para el progreso social; la expansión del conectivismo propiciado por la IA a partir de sus implicaciones. La innovación pedagógica alcanza sus máximos exponentes por mor de esta tecnología. Discusión: La investigación reafirma el valor de la educación como soporte de toda sociedad. La sociedad digital es considerada sociedad líquida por donde se expanden las consecuencias del conectivismo que se erige como base fundamental del empleo de la IA y de la transformación que ello genera. Conclusiones: La innovación pedagógica tiene en la “quinta ola” de la IA un pilar fundamental para su crecimiento en la sociedad digital.
Revisión de las estrategias para la promoción de la alfabetización financiera digital de los mayores: eficacia y limitaciones
Authors: Líndez Macarro María Elena
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Este artículo aborda la necesidad crítica de la alfabetización financiera para promover la inclusión de las personas mayores en la era digital. A medida que los servicios financieros migran hacia entornos digitales, se hace evidente la importancia de que los adultos mayores adquieran competencias financieras básicas que les permitan participar de manera efectiva y segura en el sistema económico actual. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de diferentes programas de alfabetización financiera dirigidos a personas mayores, tomando como base los resultados de la Encuesta de Competencias Financieras (ECF) del Banco de España y la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) correspondientes a los años 2016 y 2021. Se examinaron las barreras identificadas por estas instituciones y se evaluó la efectividad de las iniciativas existentes. Resultados: El análisis de los datos de la ECF reveló que, a pesar de las múltiples iniciativas implementadas para mejorar la alfabetización financiera de los mayores, la participación de este grupo etario sigue siendo insuficiente. Persisten barreras que dificultan su plena inclusión en el ámbito financiero digital, lo que resalta la necesidad de enfoques más personalizados y de una mayor implicación de los servicios públicos. Discusión: Los resultados evidencian que, aunque se han logrado ciertos progresos en la promoción de la alfabetización financiera y en la reducción de barreras, las estrategias actuales no son completamente efectivas para integrar a los adultos mayores. Se destaca la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones específicas que respondan a las características y limitaciones de esta población, así como la importancia de una revisión continua y actualización de los programas existentes. Conclusiones: Es imperativo impulsar nuevos modelos de educación financiera que no solo reduzcan las barreras, sino que también promuevan la plena participación de los mayores en la economía digital. El estudio proporciona un marco sólido para el desarrollo de estrategias integrales y sostenibles que atiendan las necesidades de los adultos mayores y garanticen su inclusión en un entorno financiero cada vez más digital.
Assessment of financial stress in Latin American countries during periods of global economic shocks
Authors: Ovcharov A. O.
Published: October 2024

A feature of modern international markets is their susceptibility to global and local shocks that contribute to the spread of financial stress. This article presents approaches to assessing financial stress and demonstrates their application in Latin American countries. Insufficient attention of the authors to this problem in the context of the study of regional factors of instability and financial crises is noted. Particular attention is paid to the methods of constructing a generalizing indicator of financial stress. On the basis of extensive statistical material in relation to the large economies of Latin America, the author's index of financial stress has been developed and tested. Calculations for 2007—2023 made it possible to identify three periods of increasing stress in Latin American countries and record its peak values: during the global financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during the 2022 food crisis. There is also a high level of correlation between stress in the United States and Latin American countries, which is explained by their close financial and trade ties. In addition, the synchronicity of the reaction of different Latin American countries to a particular shock has been empirically proven.
Digital trade in Latin America: features of regulation and prospects
Authors: Andrianova E. K.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of digital trade development and regulation in countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. It indicates regional initiatives for digital trade governance and main difficulties hindering the growth of cross-border etrade and integration of the region into the international digital trade system. The article also examines the participation of Latin American countries in negotiations on aspects of e-commerce regulation within the WTO framework and derives some recommendations on the formation of a regulatory space in the region.
Kaleidoscope of images: Brazilian cinema in Russia
Authors: Rostotskaya L. V.
Published: October 2024

In the article devoted to the demonstration to the of Brazilian films in Russia, some milestone of cultural exchange between our countries, which have already become historical, are noted. The main focus is on the program of the 14 th Brazilian Film Festival and the cultural analysis of the films included in.
Estimation of corn hybrids of different early maturity by fodder productivity in the conditions of the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals
Authors: Zezin N. N. , Ovchinnikov P. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of assessing the feed productivity of various ultra-early and early-maturing corn hybrids created by the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn. In the Sverdlovsk region, 12 corn hybrids with FAO 140–180 were studied in 2019–2023. The soil of the research site is dark gray, forest, slightly podzolized, heavy loamy. On average, over 5 years, the highest dry matter content is 32.4… 36.1 % were recorded in the FAO 140–150 group, among which hybrids K 140 (35.0 %) and Mashuk 140 (36.1 %) stand out. In the FAO 140 group (K 140, Nur), the starch content in dry matter reached a maximum of 31.1… 30.4 per cent, while for FAO 180 (Sheehan) it was only 24.7 per cent. The maximum productivity on average over the years of research was observed in hybrids FAO 170–180 Mashuk 172 and Shihan (34.8 t/ha). The minimum for hybrids FAO 140 K 140 (26.3 t/ha) and Mashuk 140 (26.5 t/ha). Against the background of heat deficit (2019), the maximum productivity was in the FAO 140–150 groups: K 140 (3.88 t/ha), Nur (4.03 t/ha), Mashuk 140 (3.99 t/ha), K 150 (4.11 t/ha). In terms of the collection of the target component – starch, the highest productivity on average for 5 years was shown by hybrids of the FAO 140–150 group: Nur (2.93 t/ha), K 150 (2.81 t/ha) and Mashuk 140 (2.68 t/ha). It has been established that that in the conditions of the Middle Urals, from the set of hybrids bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn, the highest fodder productivity is – K 140, Nur, Mashuk 140, K 150.
Centro de manualidades para fortalecer habilidades artísticas
Authors: Vente Viafarra Claudia Patricia , Araujo Urbano Zully Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

La creación de un centro de manualidades para los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) de la ciudad de Pasto, Nariño, es una iniciativa que busca fortalecer la creatividad, el trabajo en equipo y el desarrollo de habilidades y capacidades artísticas en esta población joven de la región.
Este centro estará ubicado en un espacio amplio y seguro, equipado con materiales de fácil acceso y herramientas necesarias para llevar a cabo diferentes actividades manuales como pintura, dibujos, clases de arte, escultura, costura, entre otros. La creadora de la idea estará a cargo de guiar a los participantes en el proceso de creación y, de brindarles las herramientas necesarias para potenciar su talento, promoviendo la creatividad, el desarrollo artístico y las habilidades manuales. Por otro lado, se organizará eventos especiales como: exposiciones de arte, concursos y ferias, para mostrar y fomentar el talento de las y los participantes.
ЭЛЕКТРОННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Шаршова Р.Н.
Published: October 2024

В последние годы электронное обучение (e-learning) стало важной частью образовательного процесса, предлагая новые возможности и перспективы для учащихся и преподавателей. Это обусловлено такими факторами, как доступностьобразовательных ресурсов в любое время и в любом месте, возможность индивидуализации учебного процесса, а также снижение затрат на обучение. Настоящая статья исследует основные преимущества и вызовы, связанные с внедрением электронного обучения, а также его влияние на качество образования и развитие профессиональных навыков, обсуждаются технические и педагогические вызовы, связанные с внедрением электронного обучения.Среди них выделяются проблемыдоступа к качественному интернет-соединению, необходимость разработки эффективных онлайн-курсов и материалов, а также подготовка преподавателей к работе в цифровой среде. В статье авторы рассматривают технологии электронного обучения, в которых базовыми инструментами становятся программные продукты, позволяющие ознакомиться в веб-интерфейсе как с дистанционными курсами, вебинарами, так и медиа-учебниками, текстовыми документами, таблицами, файлами (в формате pdf), презентациями и т.д. Проводится анализ методики онлайн образования: мобильное обучение, использование облачных сервисов, социальных сетей, интерактивные занятия и подкасты, а также различные онлайновые инструменты для самостоятельной работы студентов. Таким образом, электронное обучение представляет собой мощный инструмент, способный значительно улучшить качество образования и сделать его более доступным для широких масс населения. Однако для реализации его потенциала необходимо преодолеть существующие барьеры и адаптировать образовательные системы к новым условиям.
The Competition Model and Adult Second Language Learning: Cross-Language Similarity and L2 Morphosyntax Learning
Authors: Tokowicz Natasha , Warren Tessa , Tolentino Leida
Published: October 2024

Adult second language learners arrive at the language learning situation with an already formed first language grammar system in place. The study of cross-language similarity across the first and second languages explores how the similarities and differences in the two languages make learning more or less difficult, particularly for adult learners. From a Competition Model (MacWhinney, 1997) framework, the authors and their colleagues have conducted research examining the relationship between cross-language similarity and adult second language learning and processing with actual learners and in training paradigms with naïve learners; converging methodological approaches have been used (eye tracking, event related brain potentials, self- paced reading, and grammaticality judgments). We review these studies and describe the predictions derived from the Competition Model framework as a function of whether grammatical constructions are formed similarly or differently in the two languages or are unique to the second language. We conclude with a description of Brian MacWhinney’s influence on this body of research.
Ungleichwertigkeitsideologien in der Post-Migrationsgesellschaft. Ursachen und Formen des türkischen Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland und ihre Auswirkungen auf türkeistämmige Jugendmilieus als Herausforderung für die politische Bildung
Authors: Bozay Kemal , Özdoğan Mihri , Borrmann Stefan , Anders Nikolai
Published: October 2024

Rechtsextreme, rassistische und antisemitische Einstellungen sind derzeit in Jugendmilieus weit verbreitet. In der Post-Migrationsgesellschaft gewinnen türkisch rechtsextreme Bewegungen, wie die Ülkücü-Bewegung (auch bekannt als Graue Wölfe), an Einfluss und begeistern türkeistämmige Jugendliche für ultra-nationalistische Mobilisierungen. Diese Entwicklung schafft einen Nährboden für Gewalt, Hass und Demokratiefeindlichkeit unter jungen Menschen. Im November 2020 beschloss der Deutsche Bundestag einen parteiübergreifenden Antrag unter dem Motto „Nationalismus und Rassismus die Stirn bieten – Einfluss der Ülkücü-Bewegung zurückdrängen“, um auf die Gefahr des „türkischen Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland“ aufmerksam zu machen. Der Antrag forderte eine konsequente Bekämpfung aller Formen von Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland und die Prüfung eines Verbots der Ülkücü-Bewegung. Diese Entwicklungen stellen die politische Bildung und Soziale Arbeit vor die Herausforderung, neue Strategien zur Radikalisierungsprävention zu entwickeln. Diese Strategien müssen zwingend eine rassismuskritische Perspektive einnehmen.
Europa gegen die EU: Aktualisierungen extrem rechter Europa-Imaginationen in der Krise der EU
Authors: Keil Daniel
Published: October 2024

Die letzten 10 Jahre der Europäischen Union sind geprägt durch zahlreiche Krisen, die sich derart gegenseitig verstärkt haben, dass die Existenz der EU selbst infrage steht. Zentraler Bestandteil der Bearbeitung der Krisen sind daher Debatten um die Zukunft der EU respektive Europas. Gleichzeitig haben weite Teile der extremen Rechten ihre Europa-Imaginationen vor dem Hintergrund dieser Krisen aktualisiert. Ein zentrales Motiv ist dabei die Entgegensetzung eines ‚wahren Europas‘ gegen die EU. Der Beitrag analysiert die inhaltlichen Dimensionen und politisch-strategischen Implikationen dieses Motivs und situiert sie in der Krise der EU. Extrem rechte Imaginationen von Europa sind Teil der Versuche, autoritäre Veränderungen der institutionellen Struktur der EU zu erreichen. Vor dem Hintergrund hegemonietheoretischer, wissenspolitologischer und ideologiekritischer Überlegungen werden Aussagen extrem rechter Akteur*innen zu Europa untersucht und in Kategorien eingeteilt. Diese einzelnen ideologischen Versatzstücke verstehe ich als Elemente einer großen Diskursformation, die spezifische strategische Implikationen aufweisen.
Critical Review on Carbon Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine the Vital Neurotransmitter
Authors: Thangavelu Raja Muthuramalingam , Duraisamy Nallusamy
Published: October 2024

The clinical diagnosis of dopamine biomarkers plays a crucial role in classifying nervous system-related disorders, which are increasingly prevalent across all age groups worldwide. Accurate and thorough diagnosis is essential for administering appropriate drug therapies. However, it has been observed that there is a scarcity of diagnostic methods available in the market, highlighting a significant demand for such tools, particularly as the healthcare system transitions towards personalized medicine. This growing demand has garnered significant attention from researchers working in diagnostics. It is of great therapeutic and pharmacological significance to design and develop diagnostic instruments for the monitoring of dopamine levels both in vivo and in vitro. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to devising realistic diagnostic techniques for assessing dopamine levels in bodily fluids, with a particular focus on electrochemical sensing methodologies. While studies related to electrochemical sensing of dopamine have shown promising advancements in terms of simplicity, speed, and sensitivity, there remains a notable gap in their application for clinical studies. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the latest progress in non-enzymatic (enzyme-free or direct electrochemical) electrochemical sensing of dopamine, specifically focusing on its integration with carbonaceous nanomaterials in electrodes. Additionally, the review discusses the potential for the commercialization of these laboratory-proven techniques soon, emphasizing their feasibility and practicality in real-world applications.
AI Adoption and Firm Demand for Workers and Skills: Insights from Online Job Postings
Authors: Mason Claire , Chen Haohui , Evans David
Published: October 2024

The latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools can perform some of the complex tasks that highly skilled and well-paid workers perform. To investigate their effects on demand for workers and skills, we compared hiring trends in Australian firms that were adopting AI and those that were not. Job postings grew significantly faster in firms that had adopted AI, even after controlling for firm size, geography and industry. This accelerated growth in job postings included occupations that were highly exposed to AI. The number of skills sought in job postings was also growing faster for AI exposed occupations, especially if they were being recruited by AI adopting firms. Some formerly non-AI skilled roles were transitioning to become AI skilled roles. These findings suggest that AI tools are now being used to augment rather than replace workers and that efforts to promote AI adoption and upskilling benefit both workers and firms.
Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR) and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) as an Analytical Methodology for Rapid Identification of Tea Adulteration
Authors: Gonçalves Lima Clara Mariana , Silveira Paula Giarolla , Santana Renata Ferreira , Khalid Waseem , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , dos Anjos Virgílio de Carvalho , Bell Maria José Valenzuela , Batista Luís Roberto , Contado José Luís , Wawrzyniak Jolanta , da Rocha Roney Alves
Published: October 2024

Teas and infusions are beverages obtained from plant extracts of flowers, fruits, stems, roots, and other parts of plants, after undergoing a process of selection, cleaning, sanitization, and dehydration. Historically used for medicinal purposes, these beverages are appreciated for their pleasant flavor and aroma, stress reduction, calming and digestive effects, and as an aid in the composition of special diets, in addition to being an excellent option as a social drink at various types of events. It is not uncommon to find commercial tea preparations mixed with leaves and parts of other plants to increase profit and production volume, which constitutes fraud. The aim of this study was to perform FT-NIR spectroscopic characterization of leaves and pieces (petiole and stem) of three types of medicinal plants (Chamomile, Ginseng, and Quebra-pedras) used in the preparation of teas. Three cluster analysis methods were used to evaluate the ability of FT-NIR to identify plant types, with t-SNE presenting the best discriminatory power. The deconvolution of the spectra showed that fifteen vibration bands allow a good characterization of the samples, all with R² greater than 0.99. The presented approach has a great potential for quality control by industry and government agencies.
Niñeces, adolescencias y juventudes migrantes en Chile. Re-visiones, nuevas preguntas, nuevas miradas
Authors: Jorges Canales Urriola Jorge , Stang Alva María Fernanda
Published: October 2024

De forma paralela a la importancia creciente que ha adquirido Chile como destino de procesos migratorios intrarregionales, se ha consolidado un campo de estudios que ha ido complejizando sus lecturas, al considerar los nuevos escenarios de la migración y las múltiples dimensiones implicadas en ellos. En este marco, a partir de un interés inicial por el acceso al sistema escolar, las políticas hacia estudiantes migrantes y la inclusión educativa sobre todo, en los estudios sobre las niñeces, adolescencias y juventudes migrantes se han replanteado preguntas, profundizado las pesquisas, diversificado los enfoques e incorporado problemáticas hasta ahora poco abordadas. Este libro pretende ser testimonio del estado actual de las investigaciones sobre niñes, adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes en el Chile de hoy, poniendo en diálogo las revisiones, ampliaciones y avances en las líneas de trabajo más tradicionales, en torno a la escuela y el sistema educativo, con la emergencia de interrogantes que trascienden el espacio escolar, cuestiones que surgen de las tensiones e interpelaciones derivadas de las complejidades que los procesos migratorios suponen para sus protagonistas más jóvenes.
Synthesis of Arts by means of Sculpture Forms
Authors: Kapustarynska Taisiya
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to characterise the syncretism of sculptural forms in the development of monumental Ukrainian sculpture; emphasise the national features of the development of national sculpture on the example of the works of modern Ukrainian sculptors. The methodology of the work consists in the principles of holistic and systemic approaches to the study of the synthesis of arts in the sculptural forms of Ukrainian artists. An analytical method was applied to study scientific approaches to the synthesis of arts, as well as an artistic-stylistic method, as well as a system-functional method to the structuring of artistic works as a phenomenon of modern monumental sculpture. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the discourse on the synthesis of arts in the art history environment, characterising some works of art that belong to the category of monumental sculpture. Conclusions. It should be noted that in the Ukrainian art space there is a synthesis between classical forms and intermedia installations, which creates a complex and multi-layered context for modern artists. The perception of time, space and material becomes plastic and changeable, and this, in turn, stimulates the development of new aesthetic forms. Sculptural images have a significant influence on the formation of styles of young artists, where the emphasis is not only on silhouettes, but also on specific elements originating from various forms. Artists build associative visual sequences, embodying unrealistic, yet deeply symbolic images that resonate with viewers on an emotional level. In the examples from the workshops you mentioned, we see how a variety of materials and art forms and execution methods are used to create coherent and complete images that reflect the synthesis of different arts. The theme of the synthesis of arts in different sculptural forms, which sometimes seem completely incompatible, is indeed one of the most relevant for research.