bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"The ranks of the brigadmil are strengthening": the role of the public in protection of law and order in the 1940-60s.
Authors: Popova A. D.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the role militia assistance brigades and people’s squads played in the preservation  of  social  order  and  in  anti-crime  campaigns  in  the  1940s-1960s. The author investigates archival materials and militia-issued newspapers. The author maintains that during the investigated period, the authorities did their best to encourage community to main-tain law and order, which was necessitated by staff shortages. The analysis of historical documents enables the author to identify a whole number of tasks performed by militia assistance brigades such as street patrolling, crime prevention, criminal detention. The article shows what propaganda tools were used by Soviet militia officers to involve Soviet community groups in the preservation of law and order. The author focuses on the transformation of people’s squads and their tasks and maintains that militia assistance brigades gradually grew inefficient because of bureaucracy.
To the question of the history of the formation of the concept "new historical community - the soviet people" and its implementation in the 1970-1980s
Authors: Bulygina T. A. , Ambartsumyan K. R.
Published: September 2022

In the article the theoretical foundations of the concept "Soviet people" are explored. This concept is disputable both in scientific and political discourses, different opinions has been expressed about the reality of its construction and existence. The article proves that the adjective "Soviet" was in active use as early as the 1930s. What is more, in a situation where the completion of the construction of socialism was delayed, in everyday speech "socialist" was gradually replaced by the term "Soviet". The study tested "Soviet people" as an ideological construct became part of the concept of developed socialism due to the lack of prospects for building communism in the near future. In the work, the authors come to the conclusion that the "Soviet people" is not just an ideologeme, but also a certain type of unity, which is confirmed by social practice. The unity turned out to be fragile, as the experience of the collapse of the USSR showed, but real.
A implementação da gestão escolar democrática na escola pública paulista em discussão
Authors: Miranda Nonato Assis de , Santana Maria Aparecida Nobre
Published: September 2022

Esta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, buscou identificar e analisar a implementação da gestão escolar democrática na Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo (Seduc). Os dados foram obtidos por meio da realização de um Grupo de Discussão com seis diretores dessa rede de ensino. Os resultados mostram que a gestão escolar democrática, na escola pública paulista, embora ainda seja um processo em construção, portanto, não consolidado, é possível e não uma utopia. Os diretores com menos tempo de experiência mostram-se mais abertos às mudanças e à proposição de alternativas para ampliar a participação das famílias na gestão escolar numa perspectiva mais democrática. Os gestores veteranos, embora defendam a gestão democráticas são mais reticentes às mudanças no cotidiano escolar.
Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo após internação em unidade de cuidados neonatais
Authors: Ruiz Patricia , Santiago Nathália , Aquino Mariana , Batista Sandra
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: Define the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among patients that received discharge in breastfeeding, exclusive or complementing with formula, 15 days after discharge from the neonatal unit and the related factors. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, prospective study, including newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit who were discharged in breastfeeding, exclusive or mixed with formula, during the period from May to July, 2019. Fifteen days after hospital discharge, it was made a phone contact to the mother asking about the type of feeding in that moment. RESULTS: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding 15 days after hospital discharge was 62.3%. Birthweight and gestational age were significantly higher and the length of stay was smaller in the group being exclusively breastfed 15 days after discharge (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between exclusive breastfeeding by hospital discharge and exclusive breastfeeding 15 days after discharge (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Initiating and maintaining breastfeeding for newborns who need hospitalization for healthcare is a challenge and requires all the efforts in terms of structure and process. Factors such as birthweight, gestational age and length of hospital stay have influence on the prevalence of breastfeeding after discharge. Exclusive breastfeeding by the hospital discharge has favored breastfeeding 15 days after discharge.
Analisis Perancangan Dry Container Sebagai Alternatif Transportasi Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) 12 KG di Daerah Perintis
Authors: Abdullah Kharis , Mulab Id Adha , Awwalinc Rodlitul
Published: September 2022

LPG is one of the gas fuels needed in daily life after the government has converged the use of fuel oil to fuel gas. The distribution of 12 Kg LPG in remote and outermost areas is still often hampered by the delivery process. Constraints in the distribution of 12 Kg LPG caused prices to become unstable. Government program to reach out and equal distribution of goods by making jalur tol laut. One of the sea toll fleets is the pioneer container ship that transports containers from remote and outermost areas. One alternative to transporting 12 Kg LPG is to use dry containers as a means of transportation. The transportation of 12 Kg LPG using containers goes through the design stages and structural analysis to determine the feasibility of the construction. Containers with a length of 20 feet are capable of carrying 126 12 Kg LPG cylinders, with an additional deck construction in the middle of the container with a deck plate thickness of 2 mm. By using the ANSYS APDL software, the analysis of the strength of the additional construction structure in the container is still below the required allowable stress of 103.23 N/mm2 and the actual deflection that occurs is 0.516 mm.
PANORAMA DAS POLÍTICAS DE FOMENTO À ECONOMIA CRIATIVA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Bresciani Luis Paulo , Peria Pedro Vianna Godinho , Chér Lucas Bazani
Published: September 2022

O conceito de Economia Criativa foi conhecido pela primeira vez em 1994, na Austrália. Desde então, vem ganhando cada vez mais relevância no debate sobre o desenvolvimento econômico e social de diferentes países, iniciando uma tendência de criação de políticas públicas que incentivam a expansão da Economia Criativa. A proposta central deste trabalho é oferecer um panorama das políticas nacionais de fomento à Economia Criativa da América Latina, com base em análise documental e partindo do estudo dos casos do México, Chile, Colômbia, Uruguai e Brasil, bem como analisar suas principais características e desdobramentos subnacionais, com implicações para as chamadas cidades criativas. O tema das políticas culturais se apresenta com grande relevância no levantamento documental, ancorando a evolução da Economia Criativa nos referidos países. Buscando uma contribuição analítica, traçam-se algumas semelhanças e diferenças entre os casos com o objetivo de levantar características centrais para o fomento à Economia Criativa na região.
LA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA PARA TERRITORIOS CREATIVOS EN COLOMBIA: ENTREVISTA CON LA VICEMINISTRA DE CREATIVIDAD Y ECONOMIA NARANJA DE COLOMBIA, ADRIANA PADILLA LEAL
Authors: Piqué Jorge , Leal Adriana Padilla
Published: September 2022

La Viceministra de Creatividad y Economia Naranja Adriana Padilla Leal en esta entrevista nos enseña, desde adentro, detalles de la política pública para territorios creativos, desarrollada por el actual Presidente de Colombia Iván Duque. En primer lugar se busca enmarcar la actual política en la agenda mundial para las relaciones entre cultura y economia, cuyo desarrollo ha llegado a la creación, en 2018, de las Areas de Desarrollo Naranja (ADN), territorios creativos a nivel municipal, pero con apoyo nacional. Se reportan muchos datos cuantitavos sobre la política colombiana y, además, especialmente, información sobre el marco legal necesario para la transformación de la Economia Naranja y sus territorios creativos en prioridad en este gobierno. En esta política es muy importante la relación entre Estado nacional, sus lineamentos generales, y los distintos municipios que han decidido promover los ADN como nueva manera de desarrollo sostenible al nivel de la especificidad local.
International Framework for Examination of the Cervical Region for Potential of Vascular Pathologies of the Neck Prior to Musculoskeletal Intervention: International IFOMPT Cervical Framework
Authors: Rushton Alison , Carlesso Lisa C. , Flynn Timothy , Hing Wayne A. , Rubinstein Sidney M. , Vogel Steven , Kerry Roger
Published: September 2022

SYNOPSIS: This position statement, stemming from the International IFOMPT (International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists) Cervical Framework, was developed based upon the best contemporary evidence and expert opinion to assist clinicians during their clinical reasoning process when considering presentations involving the head and neck. Developed through rigorous consensus methods, the International IFOMPT Cervical Framework guides assessment of the cervical spine region for potential vascular pathologies of the neck in advance of planned interventions. Within the cervical spine, events and presentations of vascular pathologies of the neck are rare but are an important consideration as part of patient examination. Vascular pathologies may be recognizable if the appropriate questions are asked during the patient history–taking process, if interpretation of elicited data enables recognition of this potential, and if the physical examination can be adapted to explore any potential vasculogenic hypothesis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(1):7–22. Epub: 14 September 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11147
Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Genişletilmiş Taylor Kuralı Analizi: ARDL Sınır Testi
Authors: BULUT Erol , TOKATLIOĞLU İbrahim
Published: September 2022

Enflasyonla mücadelede son zamanlarda en çok başvurulan politikalardan birisi de enflasyon hedeflemesi politikasıdır. Uygulamada geniş kabul gören bu politikanın hedefi gerçekleştirmek için kullandığı araçlardan bir tanesi ise, merkez bankalarının nominal faiz oranlarını enflasyondaki gelişmelere göre belirleme kabiliyetidir. Nominal faiz üzerindeki ana tartışma konusu, merkez bankalarının nominal faiz oranlarını hangi düzeyde belirleyeceğidir. Bunun için Taylor (1993) çalışmasında oldukça kullanışlı ve literatürde genel kabul gören bir kural geliştirmiştir. Bu kurala göre cari enflasyon düzeyi ile hedeflenen enflasyon arasındaki fark ile cari ve potansiyel büyüme arasındaki fark nominal faiz oranının değişim hızını belirlemektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye için Ocak 2003-Ekim 2021 dönemi arasında genişletilmiş Taylor denklemi ARDL Sınır Testi ve Kayan Pencere Yöntemi ile tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de genişletilmiş Taylor Denklemi 2008 küresel kriz dönemine kadar etkin bir şekilde çalışırken, krizi dönemi ve sonrasında Taylor denkleminin istikrarı bozulmuş görünmektedir.
Vertical Specialization in Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECS)
Authors: NAS Şahin , MOALLA Maya
Published: September 2022

Since 1980 with the accelerating trends of globalization, the international fragmentation of production was one of the drastic transformations that occurred in the world economy. It is defined as the process whereby more than one country participates in previously integrated production activities (vertical specialization) involved in producing a final good. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) boost their participation in global production networks. The main motivation of this paper is analyzing the extent to which the CEECs that joined the EU in 2004 (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia) are involved in the global production process. Based on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD); HIY method proposed by Hummels, Ishii & Yi (2001) is applied to the national input-output tables (NIOTs) of CEECs to estimate the manufacturing industries’ vertical specialization rate during 2000-2014. The results revealed that the CEECs’ vertical specialization rate increased during 2000-2014 but decreased during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. The highest rate was respectively accounted for Hungary, Slovakia, Estonia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Poland and Latvia. The countries with the highest manufacturing industry’s vertical specialization were Hungary, Estonia, Slovakia, Latvia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland and Lithuania, respectively. The manufacturing industries’ vertical specialization rate in Estonia, Hungary, Latvia and Poland was higher than that of the entire economy. Finally, in the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland; higher rates were accounted for the medium-low technology sectors, but for medium-high and high-tech sectors in Estonia, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia.
XVIII. Yüzyıl Fransa’sında Vergiler ve Vergi İsyanları
Authors: AĞDEMİR Zeynep
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, XVIII. Yüzyıl Fransa’sında vergileri ve vergi isyanlarını dönemin temel toplumsal dinamikleriyle birlikte ele alarak anlamaktır. Yazı, bu çerçevede mali olayların teknik meselelerden ziyade toplumsal mücadele tarihiyle birlikte anlaşılabileceğini vurgulamaya çalışmaktadır. XVIII. Yüzyıl, Fransız Devrimine ev sahipliği yapması ve devrimin fitilini ateşleyen olayın vergiler olması açısından oldukça önemli bir tarihsel dönemdir. Bu çerçevede yazı, XVIII. Yüzyıl Fransa’sını 1789 Devrimi öncesi ve sonrası olarak ayırarak değerlendirmeyi denemiştir. Öncelikli olarak 1789 Devrimi öncesi kentler ve kırlardaki temel toplumsal eğilimler dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Ardından Fransız Devrimi öncesinde mali yapının temel özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Devrim sırasında gerçekleşen isyanlar, Jironden ve Jakoben iktidarların ve Devrimin muhafazakâr evresinin mali anlamları çalışmanın üzerinde durduğu diğer konulardır. Ancien régime’in mali açıdan anlamı, soyluların vergi imtiyazları, köylüler üzerine yüklenen ağır vergiler ve vergilemede adaletsizlik olmuştur. XVIII. Yüzyılda, ticaret ve imalatın gelişmesi, soyluların ekonomik egemenliğini sarsmış, köyler çözülmeye başlamıştır. Artan savaşlar nedeniyle devlet maliyesinin üstüne aldığı yük, maliyeyi ancien régime’in kurallarıyla işleyemez hale getirmiş, soyluların vergi imtiyazları sorgulanmıştır. Devlet maliyesinin yaşadığı darboğaz ve yeni vergilerin soyluların direnciyle karşılaşması nedeniyle tahsil edilememesi, vergilere dair tartışmaları başlatmış, devrime giden süreci tetiklemiştir. 1789 Devrimi ancien régime’in mali açıdan adaletsizliğini ortadan kaldırmak için elverişli bir ortam sağlamıştır. Soyluların vergi imtiyazlarının kaldırılması, vergileme yetkisinin Kraldan Ulusal Meclis’e geçişi Paris halkının zorlamalarıyla kabul edilmiştir. Jakoben ve Jironden iktidarlar birbirinden farklı mali uygulamalar hayata geçirmiştir. Devrimin muhafazakâr aşamasında 1789 ile elde edilen pek çok mali kazanım erozyona uğramıştır.
Çin Yumuşak Gücü ve Sağlık Diplomasisi: Covid19 Pandemisi Örneği
Authors: SALİHİ Emin , GÖKTEN Kerem
Published: September 2022

Çin devleti 21’inci yüzyıl ile birlikte dünyada küresel düzeyde yatırım projeleri üreten bir ülke seviyesine gelmiştir. Küresel projelerin başarılı olması için proje paydaşlarının projeye ve sürece ikna olması oldukça önemlidir. Uluslararası ilişkiler literatüründe projenin başat aktörüne duyulan cazibe yumuşak güç kavramıyla açıklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Çin’in yumuşak gücü, literatürde üzerinde durulan konulardan biridir. Yumuşak gücün araçları oldukça çeşitlidir. Sağlık diplomasisi bunlardan sadece biridir. Çalışmada Çin’in sağlık diplomasisini kullanarak kendi yumuşak gücüne yaptığı katkılar irdelenmiştir. Covid19 pandemisi Çin devletine sağlık diplomasisini sergilemek, diğer devletlere karşı sorumluluğunu göstermek ve yumuşak gücünü artırmak adına fırsatlar sunmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışmada özellikle pandemi sürecinde Çin’in faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda Çin’in pandemi döneminde diğer devletlere en çok yardım eden ülke olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Faaliyetlerin Çin’in yumuşak gücüne katkısı ise diğer devletlerin Çin sağlık diplomasisine bakış açısıyla anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Diğer ülke siyasilerinin Çin sağlık diplomasisine dair söylemlerinin araştırıldığı çalışmada Çin yumuşak gücünün Covid19 döneminde arttığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Role of Human Capital in FDI Inflows: A Panel Study on ECOWAS Countries
Authors: SIDI GANDOU Abdoul-kader , SÖNMEZ Alper
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the role of human capital on the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows toward ECOWAS countries (Economic Community of West African States). FDI is seen as one of the most important tools that promote economic growth, employment, technology transfer and currencies’ inflows in a country. In many African countries, despite reforms implemented, FDI inflows continue to be relatively low. Many studies evaluating the main determinants of FDI in African countries have revealed that one of the most important determinants is human capital. However, in many African countries, human capital is among the least developed in the world. Therefore, an empirical analysis is conducted to investigate the role of human capital in the inflows of FDI of ECOWAS countries. For this purpose, a panel data is used for the fourteen members of ECOWAS countries over the period 1991-2015 where human capital is proxied by both adult literacy rate and degree of freedom. The empirical findings revealed that the degree of freedom is the main proxy for the human capital while the adult literacy rate is not statistically significant.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN WHATSAPP SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI DI LINGKUNGAN PEGAWAI DINAS ATR/BPN KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Yahya Achmad , Dirgantara Pradipta
Published: September 2022

Pengguna internet di Indonesia pada 2021 mencapai 212,35 juta jiwa yang menjadi urutan 15 tertinggi di Asia. Jumlah tersebut akan terus bertumbuh terlebih dengan adanya penggunaan media sosial. Salah satu media sosial yang paling sering digunakan adalah Whatsapp yang ternyata digunakan di berbagai perusahaan dalam kelangsungan komunikasi organisasi. Sehingga peneliti penasaran bagaimana penggunaan Whatsapp untuk kelangsungan komunikasi organisasi di kantor pemerintahan ATR/BPN Kota Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penggunaan Whatsapp sebagai media komunikasi organisasi di lingkungan pegawai dinas ATR/BPN Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik penulisan deskriptif. Variabel penelitian ini adalah efektivitas penggunaan Whatsapp terdiri dari indikator aspek tugas, aspek rencana, aspek ketentuan, aspek tujuan, aspek individual dan aspek komunal. Sampel berjumlah 61 orang dengan menggunakan Teknik sampel probabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi Whatsapp efektif dalam memenuhi komunikasi organisasi di lingkungan pegawai ATR/BPN Kota Palembang dengan diperoleh 3,04 dan garis kontinum berada di interval 2,50-3,25 dan termasuk kedalam kategori efektif dengan rata rata tertinggi adalah aspek komunal dan terendah adalah aspek tugas. Disarankan agar Kantor ATR/BPN Kota Palembang lebih mengkaji lagi bahwa penggunaan Whatsapp sangat membantu kelangsungan komunikasi organisasi di perusahaan dan menjadi tinjauan kantor ATR/BPN lainnya yang ada di Indonesia.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ДВУМЕРНЫХ СРЕЗОВ ОБЛАКОВ ТОЧЕК ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОПОРНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ В ЗАДАЧЕ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ЕДИНОЙ 3D-МОДЕЛИ
Authors: Гайдук И.О.
Published: September 2022

В рамках данной статьи рассматривается алгоритм построения двумерных срезов облака точек для сокращения вычислительных ресурсов при генерации единой трехмерной модели объекта в комплексах многоракурсного сканирования.
DEPRESSED AREAS: MAIN TYPES AND MECHANISMS OF FORMATION
Authors: Суздалева А.Л.
Published: September 2022

В статье приводится классификация депрессивных пространств различного масштаба и происхождения. Рассмотрены факторы процесса деградации городской среды. Определены основные причины образования депрессивных пространств.

Classification of depressed areas of different scales and origin is given. Factors of urban environment degradation process are considered. The main reasons for the formation of depressed areas have been identified.
ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE OF MARKET SAMPLES OF ESDN WITH THE CONTENT OF NICOTINE IN THE LIQUID TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS
Authors: Лушникова А.Ю. , Пережогина Т.А. , Панков Н.А. , Дурунча Н.А.
Published: September 2022

Быстрый рост такой инновационной продукции как электронные системы доставки никотина, содержащей никотин, но не относящейся к табачным изделиям, обусловлен, по заявлению производителя, низким потенциальным риском для организма потребителя по сравнению с традиционной сигаретой.В статье приведен обзор рыночной продукции ЭСДН по содержанию никотина в жидкости. Химический анализ показал, что уровень фактического содержания никотина не соответствует заявленному на упаковке как в большую, так и в меньшую сторону от уровня, указанного в ФЗ – №15.

The rapid growth of innovative products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems, which contain nicotine but are not tobacco products, is due, according to the manufacturer, to the low potential risk to the consumer body compared to the traditional cigarette.The article provides an overview of ESDN market products based on the nicotine content of the liquid. Chemical analysis showed that the level of actual nicotine content does not correspond to the stated on the package, both upward and downward from the level specified in the Federal Law – № 15.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW CHEMICAL PURIFICATION METHOD FOR OIL CONTAINING INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER
Authors: Ракида Н.М.
Published: September 2022

В указанных  исследованиях по новому химическому методу в качестве коагулянта используется  обладающий высокой степенью коагуляции Al2(SO4)3, и с помощью предложенного нового метода разложение нефтесодержащих сильнодисперсных водо-в-масле (гидрофобных) и масло-в-воде гидрофильных эмульсий было достигнуто даже при низких температурах. 100%-ная очистка нефтесодержащих промышленных сточных вод от нефти и взвешенных веществ достигнута при смешивании в качестве экстрагента преимущественно петролейного эфира (фракция бензиновой перегонки 40-700С) и смеси растворов [5% Al2(SO4)3 + 5% NaOH (соотношение 1:6)]. При этом вода стала полностью прозрачной. Поэтому глубокая очистка нефтесодержащих ПСВ от нефти и взвешенных веществ новым разработанным химическим методом может считаться научно важной с точки зрения экологии и экономики. Таким образом, доказана возможность очистки ПСВ от 100 тонн сырой нефти и возврата ее в производство в течение месяца, а также предотвращения сброса нефтесодержащих ПСВ в море.

Al2(SO4)3, which has a high degree of coagulation mainly used in this study for the new chemical method, and the decomposition of oil-containing strong dispersed water-in oil (hydrophobic) and oil-in water hydrophilic emulsions even at low temperatures has been accomplished by this new developed method. 100% purification of oil and suspended substances in the oil IWW has been achieved by mixing primarily petroleum ether as an extractant (40-700C) fraction of gasoline distillation) and the mixture of solutions [5% Al2(SO4)3+5% NaOH (1:6 ratio)] as a coagulant by this new chemical method developed by us. At the same time, water has been completely transparentized. That is why the deep purification of oil-containing IWW from oil and suspended substances by new developed chemical methods can be considered scientifically important in terms of ecology and economy. Thus, it has been proved that it is possible to purify IWW from 100 tons of crude oil and return it to production again within a month and prevent the discharge of oil-containing IWW into the sea.
Active Learning Assisted MCCI to Target Spin States in Model Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: SETH KOUSHIK , Ghosh Debashree
Published: September 2022

Strongly correlated systems and their accurate solutions have been challenging to quantum chemistry. Several methods have been developed over the years for the accurate understanding of such systems, and selected configuration interaction and Monte Carlo configuration interaction (MCCI) form important classes of systems in this category. However, MCCI is plagued by slow convergence. This is further exacerbated by the fact that most of the current MCCI implementations do not target specific spin states. In our work, we use active learning assisted MCCI to speed up the convergence manyfold and also develop a method for spin targeting. This method has been tested with several model Hamiltonian systems akin to molecular systems and has shown improved convergence and accuracy.
In Situ Encapsulation of Biologically Active Ingredients into Polymer Particles by Polymerization in Dispersed Media
Authors: Lages Maëlle , Nicolas Julien
Published: September 2022

The encapsulation of biologically active ingredients (e.g., peptides, proteins, enzymes, drugs) into polymer particles is extensively used for drug delivery purposes. However, this strategy relies mainly on emulsification processes from preformed polymers, which leads to strong limitations such as low particle concentrations (typically a few wt %), poor active ingredient loadings, as well as a rather limited structural diversity of the polymers usually used. Conversely, polymerizations in dispersed media, which allow for the formation of scalable suspensions of (nano)particles during the polymerization process, have been advantageously used for the in situ encapsulation of active ingredients. In this review, the in situ encapsulation of active ingredients, such as peptides, proteins, enzymes or drugs, in polymer particles obtained by polymerization in dispersed media for potential biomedical applications, is covered. Their physical and chemical encapsulations were both considered as function of the polymerization technique used. Several polymerization and encapsulation parameters will be discussed in view of adjusting the drug loading and the encapsulation efficiency of the active agent considered.
Adaptive Language Model Training for Molecular Design
Authors: Blanchard Andrew , Bhowmik Debsindhu , Gounley John , Glaser Jens , Akpa Belinda S , Irle Stephan
Published: September 2022

The vast size of chemical space necessitates computational approaches to automate and accelerate the design of molecular sequences to guide experimental efforts for drug discovery. Genetic algorithms provide a useful framework to incrementally generate molecules by applying mutations to known chemical structures. Recently, masked language models have been applied to automate the mutation process by leveraging large compound libraries to learn commonly occurring chemical sequences (i.e., using tokenization) and predict rearrangements (i.e., using mask prediction). Here, we consider how language models can be adapted to improve molecule generation for different optimization tasks. We use two different generation strategies for comparison, fixed and adaptive. The fixed strategy uses a pre-trained model to generate mutations; the adaptive strategy trains the language model on each new generation of molecules selected for target properties during optimization. Our results show that the adaptive strategy allows the language model to more closely fit the distribution of molecules in the population. Therefore, for enhanced fitness optimization, we suggest the use of the fixed strategy during an initial phase followed by the use of the adaptive strategy. We demonstrate the impact of adaptive training by searching for molecules that optimize both heuristic metrics, drug-likeness and synthesizability, as well as predicted protein binding affinity from a surrogate model. Our results show that the adaptive strategy provides a significant improvement in fitness optimization compared to the fixed pre-trained model, empowering the application of language models to molecular design tasks
The molecular origin of the OCP-dependent non-photochemical quenching mechanism in cyanobacteria
Authors: Liguori Nicoletta , van Stokkum Ivo , Muzzopappa Fernando , Kennis John , Kirilovsky Diana , Croce Roberta
Published: September 2022

Cyanobacteria were the first microorganisms that released oxygen into the atmosphere billions of years ago. To do it safely under intense sunlight, they developed strategies that prevent photooxidation in the photosynthetic membrane. One of these strategies is accomplished by regulating the light-harvesting activity of their antenna complexes – the phycobilisomes – via the orange-carotenoid protein (OCP). This water-soluble protein encapsulates a ketocarotenoid and is photoactive. Under strong irradiance, OCP interacts with the phycobilisomes and triggers non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a mechanism that safely dissipates overexcitation in the membrane. To date, the mechanism of action of OCP in triggering NPQ is unknown. We here applied ultrafast spectroscopy on the active domain of OCP bound to the phycobilisome core. Our results demonstrate that the binding to the phycobilisomes modifies the structure of the ketocarotenoid. We show that this molecular switch activates NPQ, by enabling energy transfer from the antenna pigments to the ketocarotenoid.
The Shape of Water – how cluster formation provides a unifying explanation of water’s anomalous properties
Authors: Andersson Martin
Published: September 2022

Water, essential to life on Earth, has many anomalous properties, that are not yet fully understood. We used computational chemistry to calculate the dynamic equilibrium of formation of water clusters in water. Clusters of certain shape are predicted to exist at ambient down to supercooled conditions and their presence almost quantitatively explains water’s anomalous properties as a function of temperature and pressure. The dodecahedron is the dominant cluster below ~240 K and below ~150 MPa and forms a miscibility gap with water below a critical point at ~225 K. The hexagonal torus is the dominant cluster above ~240 K and below ~75 MPa. Their presence explains the density maximum of pure water at 4 °C. Both the dodecahedron and the torus are low-density clusters and their tetrahedral water structure are consistent with spectroscopic data. At pressures above ~100 MPa, many of water’s anomalous properties diminish or vanish, which is also the pressure above which high-density water clusters become more stable and prevalent. Our simple unifying theory reproduces water’s anomalous properties from supercooled to ambient temperatures and from ambient pressure up to at least 400 MPa, including density anomalies, two-liquid behavior, compressibility and heat capacity.
Biodistribution and racemization of gut-absorbed L/D-alanine in germ-free mice
Authors: Qiu Tian A. , Lee Cindy J. , Huang Chen , Lee Dongkyu , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Sweedler Jonathan V.
Published: September 2022

Discovery and characterization of microbiome-derived metabolites are important for characterization of the different functional systems including the microbiome-gut-brain axis and for discovery of new disease treatments. Essential to microorganisms, D-Alanine (D-Ala) is found in many animals and acts as a potent co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). These receptors are widely expressed and have a variety of functions in the nervous and endocrine systems. The gut microbiome, diet and putative endogenous synthesis are the potential sources of D-Ala in animals. Understanding the sources of D-Ala and distribution of gut-absorbed D-Ala in mammals is critical for the evaluation of interaction between an animal and its microbiota. In this work, we used germ-free mice fed with stable isotope-labeled L-/D-Ala to study the biodistribution of gut-absorbed D-Ala without interference from microbiota. This also allows the determination of endogenous D-Ala synthesis through enantiomeric conversion. D-Ala is absorbed by both the small intestines and colon; the distribution of gut-absorbed D-Ala is related to the tissue type and treatment time (1-hour and 2-week). The highest levels of D-Ala accumulate in the pancreatic islets and acinar tissues followed by the brain and pituitary gland. Changes in tissue peptide profiles measured after 2-weeks of D-Ala treatment suggest that D-Ala impacts the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. No endogenous synthesis of D-Ala via racemization was reliably observed in germ-free mice. Alanine racemization was readily observed in bacterial culture and regular mice possessing normal microbiota supporting the idea that mice lack a functional alanine racemase enzyme.
La visión de visión: Semiótica del discurso editorial
Authors: Quezada-Macchiavello Óscar
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo versa sobre el informe especial titulado: “1981: Análisis. Adiós a un año de cambios, violencia y esperanza” aparecido en el vol. 57, N° 12 del 15/29 de diciembre de 1981 en la revista interamericana Visión.
EFECTO SOBRE LA BRECHA ECONÓMICA ENTRE HOMBRES Y MUJERES DE LA BAJA PARTICIPACIÓN DE LAS MUJERES EN INGENIERÍA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Rodríguez Pulecio Laura Sofía , Rodríguez Pulecio Sara Aída
Published: September 2022

Algunos de los factores que explican la brecha económica entre hombre y mujeres son: la cantidad de horas de trabajo no remunerado, las diferencia salarial entre las carreras típicamente masculinas y las típicamente femeninas, la desigualdad salarial entre hombres y mujeres en los mismos cargos y misma responsabilidades, las limitaciones para las mujeres en la consecución de promociones y asensos en las organizaciones y finalmente el efecto del COVID-19 en la empleabilidad de mujeres. En este articulo se analiza como la baja participación de mujeres en ingeniería impacta en la brecha económica entre hombres y mujeres en Colombia pues aunque se han hecho grandes esfuerzos para incrementar la participación de las mujeres en las áreas de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas denominadas STEM (por las siglas en inglés de Science, Tecnology, Engineering, and Mathematics) persisten grandes brechas en la participación de las mujeres y en muchas ingenierías tradicionalmente masculinas estos esfuerzos no se manifiestan en ningún cambio positivo. En ingeniería, menos del 30% de los estudiantes en todo el país son mujeres y algunas áreas tienen una participación menor al 10% como es el caso de ingeniería mecánica e ingeniería mecatrónica, otras áreas con indicadores muy críticos son electrónica y eléctrica en las cuales la participación de las mujeres está alrededor del 15% o como es el caso de ingeniería de sistemas que pasó del 45% en 2001 al 23% en 2017. Basado en los datos del ministerio de educación nacional de graduados de 2001 a 2018 y porcentaje de empleabilidad y salario de cotización este articulo muestra que cerrar la brecha de participación en la ingeniería es fundamental para aportar a la igualdad económica y por tanto al logro del quinto objetivo de desarrollo sostenible.
EXPERIENCIAS DE LIDERAZGO EN PROCESOS DE I+D+i EN INGENIERÍA
Authors: Garnica Estrada Evelyn
Published: September 2022

En esta propuesta, se socializarán las estrategias, resultados y buenas prácticas de mujeres investigadoras en sus contribuciones académicas a los procesos de gestión de I+D+i del Grupo de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo Sostenible GIDIS, adscrito a la Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas y al Centro de Investigaciones de la Corporación Universitaria Republicana (Colombia). Los resultados que se presentan, evidencian la producción de nuevo conocimiento, desarrollo tecnológico e innovación, apropiación social del conocimiento y estrategias para el fomento de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, acorde a los lineamientos definidos por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia (MinCiencias).
FORTALECIENDO LA FORMACIÓN INTEGRAL DE INGENIEROS DE SISTEMAS A TRAVÉS DE PROYECTO INTEGRADOR
Authors: Niño Manrique Jhon Fredy , Arboleda Mazo Walter Hugo , Anaya Hernández Raquel
Published: September 2022

Es muy importante crear escenarios de aprendizaje significativos que propicien la formación en valores, competencias transversales, y competencias disciplinares en los nuevos ingenieros de sistemas, a fin de que estén capacitados para dar solución a las problemáticas actuales. Se establece entonces la necesidad de fortalecer la formación integral de los estudiantes del programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas a través de la estrategia de Proyecto Integrador en los semestres tercero, quinto y séptimo. Para esto, se usa investigación-acción, que involucra al equipo de docentes del programa. Primeramente, se definió la estructura de plan de estudios y el foco de cada uno de los momentos de proyecto integrador con las competencias a desarrollar y cómo serán evaluadas. Se crearon los instrumentos para ser aplicados por primera vez en un grupo de 17 estudiantes (5 equipos). Se identificaron los problemas asociados a la física de décimo grado de un colegio de secundaria. Cada equipo desarrolló una solución tecnológica bajo la orientación de los diferentes docentes involucrados. El instrumento diseñado evalúa el proceso en cinco categorías: Competencias técnicas disciplinares en programación, aplicación de prácticas ágiles, competencias comunicativas, adopción de hábitos saludables, y formación en valores (como componente de autoevaluación por parte del estudiante). La utilidad del proyecto integrador es evidente dado que promueve un proceso continuo de comunicación entre los docentes del mismo semestre y de semestres anteriores, facilitando la integración horizontal y vertical; además, el componente de autoevaluación para propiciar un espacio de reflexión del estudiante acerca del aporte de la experiencia en su proyecto de vida.
Godaan Praktik Binary Option Berkedok Investasi Dan Trading
Authors: Lestari Rohmini Indah , Arifin Zaenal
Published: September 2022

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keberadaan praktik operator binary option yang dianggap ilegal di Indonesia. Melakukan investigasi faktor yang melatarbelakangi keberadaan praktik tidak etis yang dilakukan oleh operator binary option yang menimbulkan kerugian pemegang opsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa binary option bukan merupakan instrument investasi atau trading. Terdapat kelemahan regulasi dalam mengatur mengenai binary option. Belum ada sanksi hukum yang tegas bagi penyelenggara binary option. Yang dianggap bertindak tidak etis adalah para afiliator dan atau influencer, sehingga afiliator yang memperoleh sanksi hukum. Masih rendahnya tingkat literasi keuangan digital di Indonesia menyebabkan masyarakat sering tergoda iming-iming return tinggi. Mereka belum bisa membedakan antara investasi, trading dan binary option. Penelitian ini juga mengemukakan bahwa metode affiliate marketing digunakan untuk mengambil hati para pemegang opsi. Strategi framing dan flexing berhasil menggoda mereka dalam kondisi tingkat literasi keuangan digital di Indonesia masih rendah.Kebaruan dari penelitian ini berupa penjelasan tentang praktik operator binary option sebagai permainan zero-sum, bukan merupakan investasi maupun trading.

 

This study aims to examine the existence of binary options operator practices considered illegal in Indonesia. Conduct an investigation of the factors behind the existence of unethical practices by binary options operators that cause losses to option holders. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The results of this study explain that binary options are not investment or trading instruments. There are regulatory weaknesses in regulating binary options. There are no strict legal sanctions for binary options operators. Those who are considered to be acting unethically are affiliates and or influencers, so affiliates will receive legal sanctions. The low level of digital financial literacy in Indonesia causes people to be tempted by the lure of high returns. They have not been able to distinguish between investing, trading, and binary options. This study also suggests that affiliate marketing methods are used to win the hearts of option holders. The framing and flexing strategies succeeded in tempting them because the level of digital financial literacy in Indonesia is still low. The novelty of this research is an explanation of the practice of binary options operators as a zero-sum game, not an investment or trading.

 

 

 

 
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN IMK SEKTOR MAKANAN BERBASIS KETELA
Authors: Wibowo Bonifatius Junianto , Supriyanto Ignatius , Kurniasari Widuri
Published: September 2022

The cassava-based food business in Kendal Regency has the potential to develop, especially in the villages of Limbangan, Patehan and Kalibareng. This study aims to reveal the financial strategy in business management which is one of the determinants of business success. The data required is primary data related to internal and external factors that determine business financial management. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 10 IMK actors. The data were analyzed using descriptive techniques and SWOT analysis. The findings show that the strength of internal factors is in the form of selling prices according to market prices and business transactions through savings accounts. While the weaknesses include simple financial administration, insufficient capital, inaccurate production cost calculations, no financial planning, fully cash payment terms, and no separation of business finances from households. Meanwhile, opportunities from external factors are in the form of marketing certainty and financial support from the community. Threats include business competition and volatile cassava prices. This study recommends a financial management strategy for IMK actors in the cassava-based processed food sector .The strategy is a combination of Aggressive, Turnaround, Diversification and defensive strategies.

Usaha makanan berbasis ketela di Kabupaten Kendal cukup berpotensi untuk berkembang, terutama di desa Limbangan, Patehan dan Kalibareng.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap strategi keuangan dalam pengelolaan usaha yang menjadi salah satu penentu kesuksesan usaha.Sampel Penelitian adalah 10 pelaku IMK sektor makanan olahan berbasis ketela di desa Limbangan, Patehan dan Kalibareng.   Data yang diperlukan berupa data primer terkait dengan faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal yang menentukkan pengelolaan keuangan usaha.   Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 pelaku IMK.Data dianalisis   menggunakan tehnik deskriptif dan analisa SWOT. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan dari faktor internal berupa harga jual sesuai harga pasar dan transaksi usaha melalui rekening tabungan. Sedangkan kelemahannya antara lain administrasi keuangan yang masih sederhana, modal belum memadai, perhitungan biaya produksi belum tepat, belum ada perencanaan keuangan, syarat pembayaran yang sepenuhnya tunai, dan belum ada pemisahan keuangan usaha dengan rumah tangga.   Sementara, kesempatan dari faktor eksternal berupa kepastian pemasaran maupun adanya dukungan keuangan dari masyarakat. Ancamannya antara lain adanya persaingan usaha serta harga ketela yang masih fluktuatif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi pengelolaan keuangan bagi pelaku IMK sektor makanan olahan berbasis ketela.Strategi tersebut merupakan kombinasi strategi Agresif, Turnaround, Diversifikasi dan defensif
PERAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL, INTELEKTUAL, DAN KOMITMEN AFEKTIF BAGI PENINGKATAN KINERJA SDM
Authors: Mujianto Gideon , Harahap Pahlawansjah , Santoso Djoko
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of spiritual intelligence and intellectual intelligence on HR performance with affective commitment as a mediating variable. The population of this study were all educators or education staff of Krista Mitra Semarang, totaling 69 people using the census method. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is path analysis. The results show that spiritual intelligence has an effect on affective commitment. Intellectual intelligence has an effect on affective commitment. Affective commitment has an effect on HR performance. Spiritual intelligence has an effect on HR performance. Intellectual intelligence on HR performance. Affective commitment can mediate the influence of spiritual intelligence and intellectual intelligence on HR performance.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan intelektual terhadap kinerja SDM dengan komitmen afektif sebagai variabel mediasi.  Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Tenaga pendidik atau kependidikan Krista Mitra Semarang yang berjumlah 69  orang  dengan metode sensus. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini mengunakan kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penetian ini adalah analisis jalur (path analisis).Hasil penelitian  menunjukan bahwa kecerdasan spiritual berpengaruh  terhadap komitmen afektif. Kecerdasan intelektual berpengaruh terhadap komitmen afektif. Komitmen afektif berpengaruh   terhadap kinerja SDM. Kecerdasan spiritual berpengaruh  terhadap kinerja SDM. Kecerdasan intelektual   terhadap kinerja SDM. Komitmen afektif dapat memediasi pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan intelektual terhadap kinerja SDM
ANALYSIS OF THE BOND REPO MARKET IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aditya Kemal
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to examine the role of local currency bond markets repo in Indonesia s financial market. The role of Bond Repo in Indonesia is mainly for central bank monetary operation and short-term liquidity management by banks. The counterparties in the Indonesia repo market are predominantly the Indonesian central bank and banks. Based on the nature of the transactions and the range of market participants, the bond repo market in Indonesia is still in an early stage of development. This paper also aims to explain the pricing phenomenon of the interbank repo market versus interbank call money in Indonesia Based on market data we have collected from 2016 until June 2021, General Collateral repo rates are priced at a similar level or occasionally higher compared to interbank call money. Repo market research in other countries in Asia has been used as literature reference to help explain the behavior. Factors such as excess liquidity condition, market segmentation, limited market participation, and high dependency on other money market instruments may have influenced this situation.

  

  

Penelitian ini mengkaji peran repo obligasi rupiah pada pasar finansial di Indonesia. Peran utama repo obligasi pada pasar finansial di Indonesia adalah sebagai instrumen operasi moneter bank sentral dan instrument pengelolaan likuiditas jangka pendek bank. Pelaku pasar repo di Indonesia didominasi oleh bank sentral dan bank. Berdasarkan pengamatan atas penggunaan transaksi dan sebaran pelaku pasar, repo obligasi di Indonesia termasuk dalam tahap awal pengembangan. Penelitian ini juga mencoba menjelaskan kondisi penetapan harga  pasar repo antar bank versus pasar uang antar bank di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data pasar sejak tahun 2016 hingga Juni 2021, tingkat bunga repo General Collateral berada pada level yang sama atau terkadang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasar uang antar bank. Penelitian pasar repo di negara Asia lainnya digunakan sebagai referensi literatur untuk membantu menjelaskan kondisi tersebut. Faktor-faktor yaitu kondisi ekses likuiditas, segmentasi pasar, terbatasnya peserta pasar, dan ketergantungan yang tinggi pada instrumen pasar uang lainnya telah mempengaruhi terciptanya situasi dimaksud.