bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool in suspected‐myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Duetz Carolien , Van Gassen Sofie , Westers Theresia M. , van Spronsen Margot F. , Bachas Costa , Saeys Yvan , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A.
Published: May 2021

The diagnostic work‐up of patients suspected for myelodysplastic syndromes is challenging and mainly relies on bone marrow morphology and cytogenetics. In this study, we developed and prospectively validated a fully computational tool for flow cytometry diagnostics in suspected‐MDS. The computational diagnostic workflow consists of methods for pre‐processing flow cytometry data, followed by a cell population detection method (FlowSOM) and a machine learning classifier (Random Forest). Based on a six tubes FC panel, the workflow obtained a 90% sensitivity and 93% specificity in an independent validation cohort. For practical advantages (e.g., reduced processing time and costs), a second computational diagnostic workflow was trained, solely based on the best performing single tube of the training cohort. This workflow obtained 97% sensitivity and 95% specificity in the prospective validation cohort. Both workflows outperformed the conventional, expert analyzed flow cytometry scores for diagnosis with respect to accuracy, objectivity and time investment (less than 2 min per patient).
Genetic divergence between isolated populations of the North Island New Zealand Rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris granti) implicates ancient biogeographic impacts rather than recent habitat fragmentation
Authors: Withers Sarah J. , Parsons Stuart , Hauber Mark E. , Kendrick Alistair , Lavery Shane D.
Published: May 2021

This research investigates the extent and causal mechanisms of genetic population divergence in a poorly flighted passerine, the North Island Rifleman or Titipounamu (Acanthisitta chloris granti). While this species has a historically widespread distribution, anthropogenic forest clearance has resulted in a highly fragmented current distribution. We conducted analyses of mitochondrial DNA (COI and Control Region) and 12 nuclear DNA microsatellites to test for population divergence and estimate times of divergence. DiyAbc and BioGeoBears were then used to assess likely past dispersal scenarios based on both mtDNA and nDNA. The results reveal several significantly divergent lineages across the North Island of New Zealand and indicate that some populations have been isolated for extensive periods of time (0.7–4.9 mya). Modeling indicated a dynamic history of population connectivity, with a drastic restriction in gene flow between three geographic regions, followed by a more recent re‐establishment of connectivity. Our analyses indicate the dynamic influence of key geological and climatological events on the distribution of genetic diversity in this species, including support for the genetic impact of old biogeographic boundaries such as the Taupo Line and Cockayne's Line, rather than recent anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. These findings present a rare example of an avian species with a genetic history more like that of flightless taxa and so provide new general insights into vicariant processes affecting populations of passerines with limited dispersal.
Evolution reverses the effect of network structure on metapopulation persistence
Authors: McManus Lisa C. , Tekwa Edward W. , Schindler Daniel E. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Colton Madhavi A. , Webster Michael M. , Essington Timothy E. , Forrest Daniel L. , Palumbi Stephen R. , Mumby Peter J. , Pinsky Malin L.
Published: May 2021

Global environmental change is challenging species with novel conditions, such that demographic and evolutionary trajectories of populations are often shaped by the exchange of organisms and alleles across landscapes. Current ecological theory predicts that random networks with dispersal shortcuts connecting distant sites can promote persistence when there is no capacity for evolution. Here, we show with an eco‐evolutionary model that dispersal shortcuts across environmental gradients instead hinder persistence for populations that can evolve because long‐distance migrants bring extreme trait values that are often maladaptive, short‐circuiting the adaptive response of populations to directional change. Our results demonstrate that incorporating evolution and environmental heterogeneity fundamentally alters theoretical predictions regarding persistence in ecological networks.
Association between attendance at an American diabetes camp and improvements in glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction
Authors: Darukhanavala Amy , Puhr Sarah , Dinunno Kyle , Alfego David , Welsh John , Butler Lynn , Magyar Kendra
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Few studies have evaluated glycaemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals before and after attendance at a diabetes camp or by comparing control groups at home to control groups at camp.

Methods

Youth (6–17 years) with T1D and receiving insulin therapy were enrolled at a week‐long diabetes camp. They participated in three clinic visits: at the start of a week at home, by initiating a Dexcom G6 CGM system; at the start of a week at camp, where the home week G6 was removed and a camp week G6 was inserted; and after camp, where the camp week G6 was removed. We administered Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) surveys at the second and third visits. Participants with <80% CGM data coverage or who did not complete all PAID surveys were excluded from analysis. We compared glycaemic control and PAID scores between the week at home and week at camp.

Results

Of 76 enrolled campers, 69 completed the study and 52 had results that qualified for analysis. The mean participant age was 12.5 ± 2.2 years. Camp was associated with significantly improved treatment satisfaction, time in desired glucose range and insulin sensitivity. Time in hyperglycaemia and basal insulin requirements decreased significantly.

Conclusions

Diabetes camp is associated with significant improvements in diabetes treatment satisfaction and glycaemic control compared to home care.
Thirst distress in outpatients with heart failure in a Mediterranean zone of Spain
Authors: Eng Sanna Hagelberg , Waldréus Nana , González Beatriz , Ehrlin Jenny , Díaz Violeta , Rivas Carmen , Velayos Patricia , Puertas María , Ros Alba , Martín Paula , Lupón Josep , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Jaarsma Tiny
Published: May 2021

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Thirst Distress Scale for patients with Heart Failure (TDS‐HF) and to describe thirst distress‐associated factors in outpatients at a heart failure (HF) clinic in Spain. Thirst is common in patients with HF, but thirst distress has rarely been addressed and may significantly decrease quality of life.

Methods and results

A cross‐sectional study was performed assessing perceived thirst distress by patients with HF during the preceding 3 days, with the TDS‐HF (scores 8 to 40). Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify variables independently associated with thirst distress. Three‐hundred two HF outpatients were included (age 67 ± 12 years, 74% male, HF duration 82 ± 75 months, left ventricular ejection fraction 42 ± 14%). Most patients were on treatment with fluid restriction (99%), sodium restriction (99%), and diuretics (70%). The psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the TDS‐HF showed satisfactory item‐total and inter‐item correlations (range from 0.77 to 0.85 and 0.60 to 0.84, respectively), and internal consistency was 0.95 (Cronbach's alpha). The majority perceived mild to moderate thirst distress, and 18% perceived it as high or severe. The mean score obtained was 16.2 ± 9.3 (median 13, Q1–Q3 8–20). Higher serum urea {beta coefficient 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.267 to 2.92], P = 0.019} and lower potassium [beta coefficient −3.63 (85% CI −6.32 to −0.93), P = 0.009] remained significantly associated with thirst distress in the multivariable analysis, together with the dose of diuretics [beta coefficient 2.98 (95% CI 1.37 to 4.59), P < 0.001]. Treatment with angiotensin receptor blocker showed an independent protective effect [beta coefficient −3.62 (95% CI −6.89 to −0.345), P = 0.03].

Conclusions

The psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the TDS‐HF showed good psychometric properties. One in five patients experienced severe distress by thirst, but the majority had mild to moderate thirst distress. The dose of diuretics and angiotensin receptor blocker treatment influence thirst distress and could be clinically important targets to relieve thirst distress in patients with HF.
Transformation to potential‐program invariant form of voltammograms and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectra of surface confined redox species
Authors: Pajkossy Tamás
Published: May 2021

A theory is presented by which voltammograms, and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (dEIS) measurements of redox processes of surface‐confined species can be analyzed. By the proposed procedure, from a set of voltammograms taken at varied scan‐rates, two scan‐rate independent, hysteresis‐free functions of potential can be calculated. One of them characterizes the redox kinetics, the other is the electrode charge associated with the redox equilibrium. The theory also comprises the analysis of the impedance spectra of the same system, which have been measured during dynamic conditions, i.e., during potental scans. Because of the formal analogy, the procedure is applicable also for voltammetry and dEIS of adsorption processes.
Wearable microneedle dual electrochemical sensor for simultaneous pH and cortisol detection in sweat
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao , Wood Marika , Lemieux Stephane
Published: May 2021

We report herewith an inexpensive flexible dual target electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of pH and cortisol in human sweat. The sensor was fabricated by printing layer by layer (LbL) on a conductive microneedle polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible substrate. The dual sensor integrates two detection chambers comprising polyaniline (PANi) and cortisol imprinted poly (glycidylmethacrylate‐co ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly (GMA‐co‐EGDMA)). The dual wearable sensor rapidly (< 1 min) responded linearly to pH in the range of 3–9, while the cortisol sensor chamber had a linear range of 0–100 ng/mL. The cortisol sensing region had an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 ± 0.3 ng/mL, with intra‐batch reproducibility of 2.4% relative standard deviation (%RSD). The inter‐batch precision (%RSD for three different sensors) was determined to be 4.7%. Demonstrating excellent stability and reusability, a single patch of cortisol sensor was used for 15 times over a 30‐day period, with minimal change in response. The dual analyte wearable sensors were effective for detection of pH and cortisol in real human sweat.
Review. Electrochemical sensors used in the determination of L‐Dopa
Authors: State Ramona Georgescu , van Staden Jacobus (KOOS) Frederick
Published: May 2021

This review is presenting the design and performance of some electrochemical sensors used for the determination of L‐dopa in real samples as reported in a series of relevant scientific papers published in the past 5 years. L‐dopa was intensively studied using electrochemical sensors with applications in the biomedical field, pharmaceutical field and food industry. The determination of L‐dopa is of great importance, due to the fact that it can cross the blood brain barrier (which dopamine can't) and then can be converted to dopamine. Thus, it can be used in treating some disease, such as Parkinson's. Because fast detective methods for L‐dopa determination are required, this paper focused on four types of electrochemical sensors, such as modified carbon paste electrodes, modified glassy carbon electrodes, modified screen‐printed electrodes and modified indium tin oxide electrodes. Each has its advantages and disadvantages and the appropriate sensor should be used depending on the type of application.
Improving passenger safety in cars using novel radar signal processing
Authors: Abedi Hajar , Magnier Clara , Mazumdar Vishvam , Shaker George
Published: May 2021

According to the group Kids and Cars, since 1990, nearly 1000 kids lost their lives because they were deliberately or unintentionally left in parked vehicles to potentially overheat or freeze. The development of technology able to prevent and address this serious, worldwide problem is crucial. In this paper, we deploy a radar‐based sensor for in‐vehicle presence‐absence detection of a living body. We present a novel radar signal processing technique to identify the presence or absence of a living body in a vehicle using a mm‐wave frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar. Our proposed method is based on reflections from breathing cycles creating correlated and consistent micro‐Doppler effects over time. The performance of the system is evaluated with adults and two phantoms mimicking the breathing of children in various scenarios. The results show that we can clearly detect any tiny living body in vehicles with 100% accuracy without a need for any compute‐intensive complex signal processing, making the system of extreme low‐cost. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity and robustness of the mm‐wave system in extensive studies over the course of multiple months.
Hyperventilation maneuver during EEG in children with epilepsy after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Is a routine procedure necessary?
Authors: Ríos‐Pohl Loreto , Franco Macarena , Gonzalez Magdalena
Published: May 2021

Objective

Hyperventilation (HV) is one of the main and basic activation methods during ambulatory electroencephalogram (EEG), unless medical reasons contraindicate it. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, with the high risk of human‐to‐human infection, local guidelines and recommendations have been developed that suggest not to perform the HV maneuver routinely. Our objective was to characterize patients who present positive HV in an epilepsy center.

Methods

We analyzed retrospectively all the ambulatory EEGs performed during one year in our specialized ambulatory child and adolescent epilepsy center, and describe patients with positive maneuver.

Results

A total of 305 EEGs were performed. Patients under 3 years and 11 months were excluded as well as all patients that did not fill up the criteria for epilepsy diagnosis. From the 252 EEGs that were included in the study, 194 EEGs (77%) were classified as abnormal and 58 (23%) as normal. From these same 252 EEGs, 150 EEG finished correctly the HV maneuver. Physiological slowing response was found in 54 EEGs (36%), no changes (negative) in 83 (55%), and abnormal response (positive) in 13 EEGs (9%). The 13 HV‐positive EEGs showed 4 patients with an increase of epileptiform activity, 3 patients experienced an increase of basal preregistered abnormal slowing, and 6 EEGs showed trigger of bilaterally synchronous and symmetric 2‐4 Hz spike‐and‐slow wave discharges and absences. None of these last 6 patients needed more than 3 minutes to elicit the paroxysmal discharge.

Significance

Based on these findings and according with other studies, the low positivity and high specificity of the HV maneuver support the idea that HV could be excluded during the COVID‐19 pandemic situation, and also reevaluate whether it could be changed to a complementary maneuver, restricted only for cases where absence epilepsy is suspected. Larger studies will be needed to reaffirm this proposal.
Tropical fruit waste‐derived mesoporous rock‐like Fe2O3/C composite fabricated with amphiphilic surfactant‐templating approach showing massive potential for high‐tech applications
Authors: Murphin Kumar Paskalis Sahaya , Ganesan Sivarasan , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Al‐Haj Lamya , Elancheziyan Mari , Shobana Sutha , Kumar Gopalakrishnan
Published: May 2021

Recently, the glycolipids biosurfactant materials have widely been utilized for many industrial applications due to their feasible surface activity, biodegradable as well as eco‐friendly nature. Even though many of the earlier studies have been reported on such kind of surfactants, in this study we focused on porous rocks‐like Fe2O3/C composites, which were magnificently synthesized from a novel tropical fruit biomass, using a glycolipid biosurfactant with high specific surface area of about 466.9 m2/g via a biofunctional single‐step thermochemical method. They could be applied as an adsorbent to adsorb the pharmaceutical pollutants mainly, DCF from aqueous solution. Moreover, the highest adsorption capacity for DCF could be achieved, which is of about 77.51 mg/g. Furthermore, as‐prepared glycolipid functionalized Fe2O3/C composites were used as electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors. Galvanostatic charge‐discharge results showed that the Fe2O3/C modified electrode possesses a specific capacitance of about 374 F/g with a current density of 0.2 A/g and it has retained 84% of capacitance, even after 3000 cycles. The remarkable performances are mainly due to the surface amendments of the Fe2O3/C composite, using biologically produced glycolipid surfactant, would have more favorable foreground towards the upcoming energy crises.
A systematic review of network analysis studies in eating disorders: Is time to broaden the core psychopathology to non specific symptoms
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco
Published: May 2021

Objective

Network theory considers mental disorders as the product of symptom interaction. A growing number of studies employing this methodology has been conducted in eating disorders (EDs). We aimed to review those studies to provide evidence and limitations for a novel conceptualisation of EDs.

Methods

According to PRISMA guidelines and PICOS criteria, studies eligible for inclusion were those employing network analysis in people with a clinically defined diagnosis of ED. Twenty‐five studies were included and were analysed in relation to diagnosis, comorbidity, and treatment outcome.

Results

Despite the central role of overvaluation of body shape and weight and cognitive restraint across ED diagnoses, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness and affective problems appear central symptoms. Ineffectiveness and interoceptive awareness emerge as bridge symptoms promoting comorbidity in people with anorexia nervosa and in mixed ED samples. Although few studies assessed treatment outcome, there is evidence supporting the predictive role of central network nodes.

Conclusions

Ineffectiveness, interoceptive ability and affective problems may be included in the core ED psychopathology, in addition to ED‐specific symptoms. Network analysis is a promising method to reconceptualize comorbidity. Future studies are recommended to include general psychopathology in ED networks, to assess connections with the external field and clinical meaning of network connectivity.
Bridging granularity gaps to decarbonize large‐scale energy systems—The case of power system planning
Authors: Cao Karl‐Kiên , Haas Jannik , Sperber Evelyn , Sasanpour Shima , Sarfarazi Seyedfarzad , Pregger Thomas , Alaya Oussama , Lens Hendrik , Drauz Simon R. , Kneiske Tanja M.
Published: May 2021

The comprehensive evaluation of strategies for decarbonizing large‐scale energy systems requires insights from many different perspectives. In energy systems analysis, optimization models are widely used for this purpose. However, they are limited in incorporating all crucial aspects of such a complex system to be sustainably transformed. Hence, they differ in terms of their spatial, temporal, technological, and economic perspective and either have a narrow focus with high resolution or a broad scope with little detail. Against this background, we introduce the so‐called granularity gaps and discuss two possibilities to address them: increasing the resolutions of the established optimization models, and the different kinds of model coupling. After laying out open challenges, we propose a novel framework to design power systems in particular. Our exemplary concept exploits the capabilities of power system optimization, transmission network simulation, distribution grid planning, and agent‐based simulation. This integrated framework can serve to study the energy transition with greater comprehensibility and may be a blueprint for similar multimodel analyses.
The impact of climate and societal change on food and nutrition security: A case study of Malawi
Authors: Hall Charlotte , Macdiarmid Jennie I. , Smith Pete , Dawson Terrence P.
Published: May 2021

Society is currently facing an unprecedented challenge in terms of achieving food and nutrition security for a rapidly expanding global population while also minimising and reversing damage to the natural environment. Compounding this issue is climate change, which adversely affects the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilisation and stability. This study aims to quantify the potential impact of future climate and societal change on food and nutrition security under a range of plausible scenarios. Malawi is used as a case study given it is one of the most food insecure countries in the world. Using the Food Estimation and Export for Diet and Malnutrition Evaluation modelling framework, the quantity and quality of the national food supply are assessed under a suite of future (2050) climate and socioeconomic scenarios. The results indicate that undernourishment prevalence could be reduced in Malawi under a best‐case scenario; however, undernourishment is likely to increase assuming either a business‐asusual or a pessimistic scenario. On the other hand, the quality of the food supply in Malawi (in terms of micronutrient provision) is likely to decrease even under a best‐case scenario. Moreover, projected dietary change in the form of nutrition transition in Malawi is unlikely to improve micronutrient provision sufficiently to meet requirements. This is a consequence of the already low supply of micronutrient dense foods in Malawi, the negative impact of climate change on micronutrient dense crops and an insufficient increase in micronutrient dense foods associated with nutrition transition. This study highlights the importance of moving beyond the focus on dietary energy supply as a measure of food security since nutrient adequacy of diets may be a more pressing issue in the future than simply the quantity of food and supply of energy.
Biochemical and nutritional profile of maize bran‐enriched flour in relation to its end‐use quality
Authors: Hussain Muzzamal , Saeed Farhan , Niaz Bushra , Afzaal Muhammad , Ikram Ali , Hussain Shahzad , Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Alamri Mohamed S. , Anjum Faqir M.
Published: May 2021

The core objective of current research was determined to nutritional and bioactive profile of maize bran (MB)‐enriched flour in relation to its end‐use product quality. Furthermore, rheological properties of MB‐enriched flour at different levels (5%, 10%, and 15%) were explicated through farinograph and mixograph. Moreover, bread was prepared with the addition of MB‐enriched flour and was characterized for nutritional and textural properties. Results showed that MB‐enriched flour having high water absorption and water retaining potential up to 4%–7% as compared to wheat flour (WF). Moreover, dough height gradually decreased with the addition of MB due to water‐binding ability of bran which causes a decrease in gas retention during fermentation. This resulted in bread volume decrease (4%–7%) as compared to WF. Furthermore, the moisture content and hardness increased with the addition of MB. The water activity of bread slightly increased with the addition of maize bran after 4‐day storage. Conclusively, MB‐enriched flour improved nutritional, textural, and sensorial properties of final product.
Diagnostic power of resting‐state fMRI for detection of network connectivity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Ibrahim Buhari , Suppiah Subapriya , Ibrahim Normala , Mohamad Mazlyfarina , Hassan Hasyma Abu , Nasser Nisha Syed , Saripan M Iqbal
Published: May 2021

Resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) detects functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities that occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). FC of the default mode network (DMN) is commonly impaired in AD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review aimed at determining the diagnostic power of rs‐fMRI to identify FC abnormalities in the DMN of patients with AD or MCI compared with healthy controls (HCs) using machine learning (ML) methods. Multimodal support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was the commonest form of ML method utilized. Multiple kernel approach can be utilized to aid in the classification by incorporating various discriminating features, such as FC graphs based on “nodes” and “edges” together with structural MRI‐based regional cortical thickness and gray matter volume. Other multimodal features include neuropsychiatric testing scores, DTI features, and regional cerebral blood flow. Among AD patients, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/Precuneus was noted to be a highly affected hub of the DMN that demonstrated overall reduced FC. Whereas reduced DMN FC between the PCC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed in MCI patients. Evidence indicates that the nodes of the DMN can offer moderate to high diagnostic power to distinguish AD and MCI patients. Nevertheless, various concerns over the homogeneity of data based on patient selection, scanner effects, and the variable usage of classifiers and algorithms pose a challenge for ML‐based image interpretation of rs‐fMRI datasets to become a mainstream option for diagnosing AD and predicting the conversion of HC/MCI to AD.
Identifying trends over time in food affordability: The Illawarra Healthy Food Basket survey, 2011‐2019
Authors: Walton Karen , do Rosario Vinicius , Kucherik Misty , Frean Paul , Richardson Katie , Turner Michelle , Mahoney Jessica , Charlton Karen
Published: May 2021

Objective

To determine the affordability of a healthy food basket (HFB) for welfare recipients and average income earners in 2019 and to compare trends from 2011.

Methods

Fifty‐seven food items’ prices were collected from fifteen stores across five suburbs representing low, medium and high socio‐economic status. Costs were compared with average weekly income and welfare payments to assess the baskets’ affordability for a family of four and five.

Results

In 2019, a HFB was affordable (below 30% of household income) for a five‐person reference family with a pensioner, representing 24.8% of weekly welfare payments, but not for a four‐person reference family (33.0%). The cost of the HFB increased slightly over time from AU$288.91 in 2011 to AU$291.79 in 2019. The food affordability improved for a family of five including a pensioner over this period due to an increase of average weekly earnings and welfare payments.

Conclusion

In 2019, the HFB was affordable for a five‐person family; however, a four‐person family receiving welfare benefits would have experienced significant “food stress,” with the food basket costing above 30% of household income.

Implications for Health Promotion

Inequity in the affordability of healthy food is a major public health concern and one that demands recognition and national action. The impact of policies affecting welfare support and wages needs to be considered, as well as food pricing strategies and possible food subsidies for those at greatest risk of food insecurity.
Communication Styles Inventory—Brief: Adaptation and validation for Spanish nursing
Authors: Pérez‐Fuentes María del Carmen , Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Martínez África Martos
Published: May 2021

Healthcare attention is sometimes considered purely technical, but communication has proven to be closely related to clinical results and patient satisfaction. Therefore, evaluation of communication in the scope of healthcare is a priority. The purpose of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Communication Styles Inventory in a sample of nursing professionals. The sample was made up of 2313 nursing professionals selected at random from various medical centres in Spain, and is therefore a sample actively employed at the time data were acquired. We started out from the Communication Style Inventory, a questionnaire for evaluating the predominance of certain individual communication behaviours on six scales (expressiveness, preciseness, verbal aggressiveness, questioningness, emotionality and impression manipulativeness). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the model proposed showed god fit indices. The reliability of the model shown by the Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.81 was adequate, and so was single‐level and aggregate consistency. Finally, in the analysis of variance by type of contract, configural, metric and scalar invariance was acceptable, but not strict invariance. This instrument progresses in measuring non‐technical attributes, such as communication styles, in nursing personnel.
Association between measures of adiposity and blood pressure levels in adult Cameroonians
Authors: Dzudie Anastase , Njedock Nelson , Boombhi Jerome , Ba Hamadou , Amougou Sylvie Ndongo , Kamdem Felicite , Barche Blaise , Nzali Archange , Njomou Armel , Ngwasiri Calypse , Geh Meh Martin , Azabji Marcel , Mefire Alain Chichom , Njamnshi Alfred K. , Kingue Samuel , Empana Jean Philippe , Sobngwi Eugene , Etoundi Ngoa Laurent Serges , Kengne Andre Pascal
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Several anthropometric measurements are variably recommended to assess adiposity in routine practice, with less agreement on their comparative performance. We assessed and compared the relationship of seven anthropometric measures of adiposity—waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Ponderal Index (PI), Conicity Index (C index), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and Body Roundness Index (BRI)—with blood pressure (BP) levels and prevalent hypertension in adult Cameroonians.

Methods

Data were collected as Cameroon's contribution to the global May Measurement Month 2017(MMM17) survey. Participants were nonpregnant adults, who had no BP measurement in the past year and with no prior hypertension diagnosis. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg. Odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of hypertension per 1 SD increase in each adiposity metrics were estimated in separate logistic regression models. Assessment and comparison of discrimination used the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and nonparametric methods.

Results

We included 14 424 participants (8210 [58.25%] female; 39.84 ± 14.33 years). There was a graded association between measures of adiposity and prevalent screen‐detected (newly diagnosed) hypertension, with effect sizes being mostly within the same range across measures of adiposity. AUC for hypertension prediction ranged from 0.709 with PI to 0.721 with BRI for single measures, and from 0.736 to 0.739 with combinations of measures of adiposity.

Conclusion

WC, WHtR, and BRI were strongly associated with BP and better predicted prevalent hypertension, with effects enhanced with the inclusion of BMI.
Tranglutaminase 2 contributes to the asthmatic inflammation by modulating activation of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Park Da‐Eun , Bae Boram , Oh Keunhee , Jung Jae Woo , Lee Dong‐Sup , Kim In‐Gyu , Cho Sang‐Heon , Kang Hye‐Ryun
Published: May 2021

Background

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional calcium‐dependent acyltransferase, is upregulated in asthmatic airways and reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Objective

To investigate the role of TG2 in alternative activation of alveolar macrophages by using murine asthma model.

Methods

TG2 expression was assessed in induced sputum of 21 asthma patients and 19 healthy controls, and lung tissue of ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced murine asthma model. To evaluate the role of TG2 in asthma, we developed an OVA asthma model in both TG2 null and wild‐type mice. The expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) after OVA sensitization and challenge. To evaluate the effect of TG2 inhibition in vitro, interleukin 4 (IL‐4) or IL‐13‐stimulated expression of M2 macrophage markers was measured in CRL‐2456 cells in the presence and absence of a TG2 inhibitor.

Results

The expression of both TG2 and M2 markers was increased in the sputum of asthmatics compared with that of healthy controls. The expression of TG2 was increased in macrophages of OVA mice. Airway hyperresponsiveness, and the number of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, was significantly reduced in TG2 null mice compared with wild‐type mice. Enhanced expression of M2 markers in OVA mice was normalized by TG2 knockout. IL‐4 or IL‐13‐stimulated expression of M2 markers in alveolar macrophages was also attenuated by TG2 inhibitor treatment in vitro.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that TG2‐mediated modulation of alveolar macrophage polarization plays important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Trends in childhood cancer incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa: Results from 25 years of cancer registration in Harare (Zimbabwe) and Kyadondo (Uganda)
Authors: Stoeter Ole , Seraphin Tobias Paul , Chitsike Inam , Chokunonga Eric , Kambugu Joyce Balagadde , Wabinga Henry , Parkin Donald Maxwell , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna
Published: May 2021

We examined trends in childhood cancer incidence in sub‐Saharan Africa using data from two population‐based cancer registries in Harare (Zimbabwe) and Kyadondo (Uganda) with cases classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer and explored reasons for observed variations and changes. Over the whole 25‐year period (1991‐2015) studied, there were only small, and nonsignificant overall trends in incidence. Nevertheless, within the period, peaks in incidence occurred from 1996 to 2001 in Harare (Zimbabwe) and from 2003 to 2006 in Kyadondo (Uganda). Kaposi sarcoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma accounted for the majority of the cases during these periods. These fluctuations in incidence rates in both registries can be linked to similar trends in the prevalence of HIV, and the availability of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, we noted that, in Harare, incidence rates dropped from 2003 to 2004 and 2007 to 2008, correlating with declines in national gross domestic product. The results indicate that the registration of childhood cancer cases in resource‐poor settings is linked to the availability of diagnostic services mediated by economic developments. The findings highlight the need for specialised diagnostic and treatment programmes for childhood cancer patients as well as positive effects of HIV programmes on certain childhood cancers.
Physical and biological properties of electrospun poly(d,l‐lactide)/nanoclay and poly(d,l‐lactide)/nanosilica nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lopresti Francesco , Pavia Francesco Carfì , Ceraulo Manuela , Capuana Elisa , Brucato Valerio , Ghersi Giulio , Botta Luigi , La Carrubba Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

Electrospun scaffolds exhibiting high physical performances with the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation are attracting more and more scientific interest for tissue engineering applications. The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles such as nanosilica and nanoclay into electrospun biopolymeric matrices can meet these challenging requirements. The silica and clay incorporation into polymeric nanofibers has been reported to enhance and improve the mechanical properties as well as the osteogenic properties of the scaffolds. In this work, for the first time, the physical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun mats filled with different concentrations of nanosilica and nanoclay were evaluated and compared. The inclusion of the particles was evaluated through morphological investigations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of nanofibers was differently affected by the amount and kind of fillers and it was correlated to the viscosity of the polymeric suspensions. The wettability of the scaffolds, evaluated through wet contact angle measurements, slightly increased for both the nanocomposites. The crystallinity of the systems was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry highlighting the nucleating action of both nanosilica and nanoclay on PLA. Scaffolds were mechanically characterized with tensile tests to evaluate the reinforcing action of the fillers. Finally, cell culture assays with pre‐osteoblastic cells were conducted on a selected composite scaffold in order to compare the cell proliferation and morphology with that of neat PLA scaffolds. Based on the results, we can convince that nanosilica and nanoclay can be both considered great potential fillers for electrospun systems engineered for bone tissue regeneration.
Nontribological corrosion modes dominate wrought CoCrMo acetabular taper corrosion: A retrieval study
Authors: Shenoy Aarti A. , Kurtz Steven M. , Gilbert Jeremy L.
Published: May 2021

Corrosion of modular metal‐on‐metal acetabular tapers in total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems is often attributed to mechanically driven processes. Recent findings suggest that mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) might not be the dominant cause of corrosion in shell‐liner tapers. This study aims to document and present the corrosion modes observed in metal–metal acetabular liners. Twenty‐one retrieved wrought CoCrMo liners were examined using digital optical microscopy (DOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Corrosion‐related damage was documented in nonengagement taper regions, outside of direct taper contact. Within engagement regions, nonmechanically driven corrosion features (pitting, intergranular corrosion) were observed adjacent to fretting and material transfer, which rely on mechanical contact; corrosion independent of MACC was observed even in contact regions. Corrosion types observed included intergranular corrosion (IGC), pitting attack, phase boundary dissolution, all both outside and inside of taper junctions, and MACC within contact regions of the taper. Typical fretting scars associated with MACC were mostly absent, and were not always associated with corrosion damage where present. Finally, hard phase particles (Mo–Si–O) released from the wrought CoCrMo microstructure had redeposited within regions with material loss. Acetabular taper corrosion modes differ significantly from those in head–neck tapers and are dominated by electrochemically driven processes, not mechanical processes, as indicated by corrosion in noncontact regions. With greater prevalence of dual mobility hip implants, acetabular taper corrosion processes must be understood in order to limit their impact on device performance.
The quality of risk reports: Integrating requirement levels of standard setters into text analysis
Authors: Helms Nils , Hölscher Reinhold , Nelde Matthias , Schneider Jochen
Published: May 2021

The intention of this paper is to shed light on the analysis of financial disclosure through the integration of requirement levels. This in return will lead to the development of a general applicable evaluation methodology based on Bloom's taxonomy system. Therefore, it will be possible to explicitly consider the relevance of the given information. To underline the appropriateness of our method, we combine the requirement levels with a qualitative content analysis. Based on the German accounting standard DRS 20, we clarify the respective application of the requirement levels in the context of the qualitative content analysis. Hence, we will discuss the limitations of our developed approach. In addition, we analyze further areas of application in the context of qualitative analysis of financial disclosure. All things considered, it is evident that our chosen approach, through the integration of a taxonomy system, contributes to the validity of established text analyzing methods.
Establishment of assay method‐ and trimester‐specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones during pregnancy in Chengdu, China
Authors: Huang Cheng , Wu Ying , Chen Linong , Yuan Zhiya , Yang Shuzhe , Liu Chenggui
Published: May 2021

Background

The reference intervals of thyroid hormone will change at different stages of pregnancy because of physiological alterations. On the other hand, the reference intervals of thyroid hormone will also change in different detection systems due to the manufacturer's methodology as well as a different race. The objective of this study was to establish the assay method‐ and trimester‐specific reference intervals for thyroid‐stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine for pregnant women in Chengdu.

Methods

A prospective, population‐based cohort study involved 23,701 reference samples of pregnant women during the three trimesters and 8646 non‐pregnant women with pre‐pregnancy clinical and laboratory tests. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated as the reference intervals for thyroid‐stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine at each trimester of pregnant women according to ATA Guidelines.

Results

The reference interval of thyroid‐stimulating hormone in the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles has a significant increasing trend from the first trimester, to second trimester and to third trimester, which was 0.08–3.79 mIU/L for the first trimester, and 0.12–3.95 mIU/L for the second trimester and 0.38–4.18 mIU/L for the third trimester, respectively (p < 0.001). However, the reference intervals of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine in the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles have significant decreasing trends from the first trimester, to second trimester and to third trimester, which were 11.87–18.83 pmol/L and 3.77–5.50 pmol/L for the first trimester, and 11.22–18.19 pmol/L and 3.60–5.41 pmol/L for the second trimester, and 10.19–17.42 pmol/L and 3.37–4.79 pmol/L for the third trimester, respectively (both p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It is necessary to establish assay method‐ and trimester‐specific reference intervals for thyroid‐stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine because the reference intervals of these thyroid hormones are significantly different at different stages of pregnancy.
Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of a Chinese family with hereditary elliptocytosis caused by a novel mutation in the EPB41 gene
Authors: Cao Manxiong , Huang Zhanqin , Zhou Huanbing , Lin Jinghua , Zhang Dongqing
Published: May 2021

Background

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a heterogeneous red blood cell membrane disorder characterized by the presence of elliptocytes on a peripheral blood smear. Clinical manifestations of HE vary widely from asymptomatic carriers to patients with severe transfusion‐dependent anemia. Most patients are asymptomatic or have mild anemia, which hinders diagnosis. The proband in this case had mild anemia and jaundice over a period of 4 years, the etiology of which was unclear. Hence, he was admitted to our hospital for further diagnosis.

Methods

Peripheral blood smears and routine blood tests were performed and biochemical parameters of the proband, and his family members were determined. To confirm the diagnosis, gene mutations were screened in the proband using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and verified by Sanger sequencing in other family members.

Results

A novel mutation (c.1294delA, p.Ser432 fs) in exon 15 of the EPB41 gene was detected in the proband and his family members. This mutation results in a frameshift and a premature stop codon at position 455, encoding a truncated protein. The variant was likely pathogenic according to the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. SWISS‐MODEL protein structure prediction indicated partial loss of the spectrin and actin binding and C‐terminal domains.

Conclusion

A heterozygous mutation 1294delA in exon 15 of the EPB41 gene was identified using NGS and Sanger sequencing in members of a Chinese family. This identification expands the spectrum of EPB41 mutations and contributes to the genetic diagnosis of families with HE.
Fetal‐haemoglobin enhancing genotype at BCL11A reduces HbA2 levels in patients with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Adeyemo Titilope A. , Ojewunmi Oyesola O. , Oyetunji Idayat Ajoke , Kalejaiye Olufunto Olufela , Menzel Stephan
Published: May 2021

Understanding the interplay of genetic factors with haemoglobin expression and pathological processes in sickle cell disease is important for pharmacological and gene‐therapeutic interventions. In our nascent study cohort of Nigerian patients, we found that three major disease‐modifying factors, HbF levels, α‐thalassaemia deletion and BCL11A genotype, had expected beneficial haematological effects. A key BCL11A variant, while improving HbF levels (5.7%–9.0%), also led to a small, but significant decrease in HbA2. We conclude that in general, interventions boosting HbF are likely to reduce HbA2 in patients’ erythroid cells and that such therapeutic strategies might benefit from a parallel stimulation of HbA2 through independent mechanisms.
Analysis of rainfall variability for the October to December over Tanzania on different timescales during 1951–2015
Authors: Mbigi Dickson , Xiao Ziniu
Published: May 2021

This study has utilized spectral analysis to ascertain the nature of decadal rainfall variability, while correlation, singular value decomposition (SVD), and composite analyses were employed to explore and understand the possible associated mechanisms. Inferences were drawn to the interannual timescales. The spectrum analysis of October to December (OND) rainfall revealed dominant signals at 2.4, 2.9, and 5.0, and a band near 16–25 years. These cyclicities suggest that dominant drivers of Tanzania rainfall anomalies evolve on interannual and decadal timescales. Interannual variations in Tanzania rainfall are mostly linked to the Indian and Pacific oceans. Significant sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Indian and Pacific oceans included those associated with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillations (ENSO), respectively and are linked to changes in the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the western Indian Ocean. The observed circulation variations are most likely to influence Tanzania rainfall. In contrast, wet and dry decades are mostly linked to the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The Indian ocean provides stronger teleconnections with Tanzania rainfall at decadal timescales, consistent with interannual timescales teleconnections. Notably, the ‘dipole’ like forcing observed at interannual timescales is less coherent at decadal timescales over the Indian Ocean. As such, the Indian Ocean displayed a coherent monopole pattern in decadal SST. As a result of these differences, the location of the western Indian ocean centre of convection activities observed at interannual timescales has shifted to around the central Indian Ocean at decadal timescales. Wet decades in Tanzania rainfall are associated with the condition of enhanced convection and increase moisture content centred over the central Indian Ocean. This convective condition was observed to spread to a large area of the Indian Ocean and the African continent, including the study area.