bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debates on the Authority of Hadith in Early Islamic Intellectual History
Authors: Hansu Hüseyin
Published: November 2016

Al-Shāfiʿī’s works contain reports of numerous debates on the epistemological value of hadith reports, but unfortunately rarely name specific opponents or interlocutors or the groups to which they belong. In Jimāʿ al-ʿilm al-Shāfiʿī summarizes the views of scholars whom he considered opponents of hadith under two broad rubrics: those who reject hadith categorically and those who reject only part of the hadith. There have been speculations regarding their identity but only in 2013 was a concrete advance made, when Ahmed El Shamsy identified one of al-Shāfiʿī’s opponents in debate as Ibn ʿUlayya. This study attempts to identify a group of al-Shāfiʿī’s opponents in Jimāʿ al-ʿilm, drawing on Abū l-Qāsim al-Balkhī’s Kitāb al-Maqālāt and other classical works of Islamic theology.
Some Notes on Revenge and Justice in the Mongol Empire and the Īl-Khānate of Iran
Authors: Hope Michael
Published: November 2016

This reflection on the social and political role of revenge in the Mongol empire, with a focus on the Īl-Khānate (1258–1335), uses revenge as a means of analyzing the relationship between the khān, his commanders, local officials, the ulema, and the subject population of the Īl-Khānate. It documents the limitations on royal authority and begins a new conversation about the way that juridical power was conceived and practiced in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This study will contribute to the current debate about the role of the Jasaq (Mongol law) in the Mongol empire and the Middle East, with particular reference to how it was enacted by the Mongol nobility. It is hoped that this paper will be the start of a more detailed investigation into the role of blood-feud and vengeance across Central Asia.
Hittite Logograms and Hittite Scholarship. By Mark Weeden
Authors: Gordin Shai
Published: November 2016

Hittite Logograms and Hittite Scholarship. By mark WeedeN. Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten, vol. 54. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Pp. xvii + 693. €128.
Hethitische Texte in Transkription, KBo 48. By Detlev Groddek
Authors: Kapełuś Magdalena
Published: November 2016

Hethitische Texte in Transkription, KBo 48. By Detlev Groddek. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie, vol. 38. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2012. Pp. xvii + 193. €62 (paper).
Babylonian Prayers to Marduk. By Takayoshi Oshima
Authors: Rutz Matthew
Published: November 2016

Babylonian Prayers to Marduk. By Takayoshi Oshima. Orientalische Religionen in der Antike, vol.

7. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011. Pp. xviii + 483, 37 plts. €119.
Interpreting Exile: Displacement and Deportation in Biblical and Modern Contexts. Edited by Brad E. Kelle; Frank Ritchel Ames; and Jacob L. Wright
Authors: Jigoulov Vadim
Published: November 2016

Interpreting Exile: Displacement and Deportation in Biblical and Modern Contexts. Edited by Brad E. Kelle; Frank Ritchel Ames; and Jacob L. Wright. Ancient Israel and Its Literature, vol. 10. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011. Pp. xiii + 464. $57.95 (paper).
Aramaic Bowl Spells: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Bowls, vol. 1. By Shaul Shaked; James Nathan Ford; and Siam Bhayro
Authors: Stadel Christian
Published: November 2016

Aramaic Bowl Spells: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic Bowls, vol. 1. By Shaul Shaked; James Nathan Ford; and Siam Bhayro. Magical and Religious Literature of Late Antiquity, vol. 1. Leiden: BrILL, 2013. Pp. xxvii + 368, illus. $144.
Einführung in die ägyptische Religion ptolemäisch-römischer Zeit nach den demotischen religiösen Texten. By Martin Andreas Stadler
Authors: Dieleman Jacco
Published: November 2016

Einführung in die ägyptische Religion ptolemäisch-römischer Zeit nach den demotischen religiösen Texten. By Martin Andreas Stadler. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie, vol. 7. Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2012. Pp. x + 241. €19.90 (paper).
Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Edited by Birgit Krawietz and Georges Tamer
Authors: Rittenberg Ryan
Published: November 2016

Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Edited by Birgit Krawietz and Georges Tamer. Studien zur Geschichte and Kultur des islamischen Orients, n. F., vol. 27. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013. Pp. viii + 583. €129,95, $182.
Sharia and the Making of the Modern Egyptian: Islamic Law and Custom in the Courts of Ottoman Cairo. By Reem A. Meshal
Authors: Ergene Boǧaç A.
Published: November 2016

Sharia and the Making of the Modern Egyptian: Islamic Law and Custom in the Courts of Ottoman Cairo. By Reem A. Meshal. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 290. $75.
Founders of Western Indology: August Wilhelm von Schlegel and Henry Thomas Colebrooke in Correspondence 1820–1837. By Rosane Rocher and Ludo Rocher
Authors: Trautmann Thomas R.
Published: November 2016

Founders of Western Indology: August Wilhelm von Schlegel and Henry Thomas Colebrooke in Correspondence 1820–1837. By Rosane Rocher and Ludo Rocher. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlands, vol. 84. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2013. Pp. xvi + 205, plates. €48.
Say to the Sun, “Don’t Rise,” and to the Moon, “Don’t Set”: Two Oral Narratives from the Countryside of Maharashtra. Edited and translated by Anne Feldhaus, with Ramdas Atkar and Rajaram Zagade
Authors: Keune Jon
Published: November 2016

Say to the Sun, “Don’t Rise,” and to the Moon, “Don’t Set”: Two Oral Narratives from the Country- side of Maharashtra. Edited and translated by Anne Feldhaus, with Ramdas Atkar and Rajaram Zagade. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 632, 3 illus. $99.
Columbia Anthology of Yuan Drama. Edited by C. T. Hsia, Wai-Yee Li, and George Kao
Authors: Hayden George Allen
Published: November 2016

The Columbia Anthology of Yuan Drama. Edited by C. T. Hsia, Wai-Yee Li, and George Kao. New

York: Columbia University Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 409. $40.
Back Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: November 2016

Back matter
ChemInform Abstract: An Investigation of the Tl—Te—I System and Crystal Structure of the Tl5Te2I.
Authors: Babanly Dunya M. , Aliev Ziya S. , Imamaliyeva Samira Z. , Zuniga Fco. Javier , Madariaga Gotzon , Tagiyev Dilqam B.
Published: November 2016

The phase relations in the Tl‐Te‐I system are experimentally investigated over the entire concentration range.
ChemInform Abstract: Anatase Mg0.05Ta0.95O1.15N0.85: A Novel Photocatalyst for Solar Hydrogen Production.
Authors: Gao Honglin , Zhao Meiming , Yan Shicheng , Zhou Peng , Li Zeyan , Zou Zhigang , Liu Qingju
Published: November 2016

The title catalyst is prepared in two steps involving the preparation of Mg0.05Ta0.95O2.425 via a modified Pechini method by combining solutions of MgCl2 and TaCl5 in EtOH and citric acid and subsequent addition of ethylene glycol (150 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐RE1‐xBixB3O6 (RE: Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Y): Bi3+ Substitution Induced Formation of Metastable Rare Earth Borates at Ambient Pressure.
Authors: Sun Xiaorui , Yang Ruirui , Song Rixiang , Leng Song , Jiang Pengfei , Gao Wenliang , Cong Rihong , Yang Tao
Published: November 2016

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of Ln2O3 (Ln: Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Y) or Tb4O7, Bi2O3, and H3BO3 (650 °C for 15 h, followed by sintering at 750—820 °C for 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A General CuCl2‐Promoted Alkene Aminochlorination Reaction.
Authors: Li Shu‐Qi , Xiong Peng , Zhu Lin , Qian Xiang‐Yang , Xu Hai‐Chao
Published: November 2016

The given aminochlorination reaction tolerates a wide variety of substrates including amides, ureas, and urethanes bearing alkene, alkyne, or allene substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: The Indoleacetic Acids in IMCRs: A Three‐Component Ugi Reaction Involving TosMIC.
Authors: Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Livadiotou Despina , Tsiaras Vassilios , Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Samatidou Evanthia
Published: November 2016

The role of indole acetic acids as catalyst or reaction partner in three or four component Ugi reactions as well as three component Passerini reactions is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Air‐Assisted 2‐Oxo‐Driven Dehydrogenative α,α‐Diamination of 2‐Oxo Aldehydes to 2‐Oxo Acetamidines.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Battini Narsaiah , Kumar Raju Ranjith , Athimoolam S. , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: November 2016

An air‐assisted, functional‐group‐driven, mild, additive‐free, three‐component coupling reaction of α‐oxo aldehydes, secondary amines, and anilines provides α‐oxo acetamidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally Induced Carbohydroxylation of Styrenes with Aryldiazonium Salts.
Authors: Kindt Stephanie , Wicht Karina , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: November 2016

The radical carbohydroxylation of styrenes with a broad range of aryldiazonium salts is achieved under mild thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroalkyl‐Substituted Diazomethanes and Their Application in a General Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines.
Authors: Mertens Lucas , Hock Katharina J. , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: November 2016

Suitable conditions for the continuous flow‐generation of fluoroalkyl substituted diazomethane derivatives are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Practical Thiocyanation of Imidazopyridines Using an N‐Chlorosuccinimide/NaSCN Combination.
Authors: Zhang Hailei , Wei Qian , Wei Shiqiang , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: November 2016

A direct C—H thiocyanation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and a practical sequential one‐pot condensation/C—H thiocyanation process lead to 3‐thiocyanatoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual 1,2‐Acyl Rearrangement Accompanying Ring Expansion Reaction of Alkaloid Cotarnine under the Action of α‐Haloketones: A New Route to 5‐Acyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3‐benzazepine Moiety.
Authors: Zubenko Alexander A. , Kartsev Viktor G. , Morkovnik Anatolii S. , Divaeva Ludmila N. , Suponitsky Kyrill Yu.
Published: November 2016

Treatment of title alkaloid (I) with α‐haloketones under conditions A) takes place with a concomitant 1,2‐acyl rearrangement to produce ring systems of type (III)/(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Borylation of Amides: Evidence for Acyl C—N Bond Activation.
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Zhao Yue , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Yemin , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: November 2016

A nickel/N‐heterocyclic carbene catalytic system is established for decarbonylative borylation of amides with Bnep2 by C—N bond activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Aurovertin‐Type Polyketides from Calcarisporium arbuscula with Potent Cytotoxic Activities Against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: Zhao Hong , Wu Rui , Ma Lie‐Feng , Wo Li‐Ke , Hu Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Chao , Zhan Zha‐Jun
Published: November 2016

isolation, structure and cytotoxicity of two new polyene polyketides, namely aurovertin T (I) and U (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of Dendrodolides A—D and Their Analogues.
Authors: Poornima B. , Venkanna A. , Swetha B. , Kamireddy Karthik Reddy , Siva Bandi , Phani Babu V. S. , Ummanni Ramesh , Babu K. Suresh
Published: November 2016

A concise total synthesis of dendrodolides A—D (Ia)‐(Id) is achieved in 10 steps starting from (R)‐propylene oxide and 3‐buten‐1‐ol utilizing Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution, epoxide opening with 2‐allyl‐1,3‐dithiane, Yamaguchi esterification, and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Ca2Ga2SiO7:Eu3+ Red Phosphors with an Intense 5D0→7F4 Transition.
Authors: Behrh Gaganpreet Kaur , Gautier Romain , Latouche Camille , Jobic Stephane , Serier‐Brault Helene
Published: November 2016

New red emitting title phosphors with different Eu3+ contents are prepared by solid state reaction of CaCO3, Ga2O3, SiO2, and Eu2O3 (air, 1350 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine and Related Ligands in Transition Metal Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zafar M. N. , Atif A. H. , Nazar M. F. , Sumrra S. H. , Gul‐E‐Saba Gul‐E‐Saba , Paracha R.
Published: November 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Hydrosilanes with Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Corey Joyce Y.
Published: November 2016

Review: 424 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Folded Tetraphenylethene Derivatives Featuring Through‐Space Conjugation
Authors: Shen Ping‐Chuan , Zhuang Ze‐Yan , Zhao Zu‐Jin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2016

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triarylborane π‐Electron Systems with Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Transitions
Authors: Sun Zuo‐Bang , Li Sheng‐Yong , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zhao Cui‐Hua
Published: November 2016

Review: [28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Asymmetric Alkynylations
Authors: Bisai Vishnumaya , Singh Vinod K.
Published: November 2016

Review: [90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Host—Guest Binding Motifs Based on Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Mou Quanbing , Ma Yuan , Jin Xin , Yan Deyue , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2016

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Trapping — A Strategy for Directing the Self‐Assembly of Unique Functional Nanostructures
Authors: Yan Yun , Huang Jianbin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2016

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐boron Compounds in Catalysis: Bidentate and Bifunctional Activation
Authors: Schweighauser Luca , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: November 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interpenetrated Cage Structures
Authors: Frank Marina , Johnstone Mark D. , Clever Guido H.
Published: November 2016

Review: [design strategies, synthetic challenges, host—guest chemistry, and functional properties of interlocked supramolecular cages; 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation via Transition‐Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Zhu Jianglong
Published: November 2016

Review: [196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycobacterial Metabolites from Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Daletos Georgios , Ancheeva Elena , Chaidir Chaidir , Kalscheuer Rainer , Proksch Peter
Published: November 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhu Minshen , Huang Yang , Pei Zengxia , Li Hongfei , Wang Zifeng , Xue Qi , Zhi Chunyi
Published: November 2016

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Purely Organic Materials
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhan Ge , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Bian Zu‐Qiang , Huang Chun‐Hui
Published: November 2016

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene‐Based Materials for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Zi‐Yan , Yuan Zhong‐Ke , Li Jing , Xiao Xiao‐Fen , Hong Wei , Chen Xu‐Dong , Yu Ding‐Shan
Published: November 2016

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Materials with Hydrostatic Pressure Induced Mechanochromic Properties
Authors: Wang Lu , Ye Kai‐Qi , Zhang Hong‐Yu
Published: November 2016

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Construction of Three‐Dimensional Graphene/Conducting Polymer for Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Meng , Xu Yu‐Xi
Published: November 2016

Review: [30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiscale Description of Molecular Packing and Electronic Processes in Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Shen Xing‐Xing , Han Guang‐Chao , Yi Yuan‐Ping
Published: November 2016

Review: 89 refs.
The Practice of Freedom: Leading Through Controversy
Authors: Watt Sherry K.
Published: November 2016

Theoretical frameworks, specific skills for leaders, and guidance to effectively work with others across difference as well as practice freedom to facilitate transformational social movements are explored in this chapter.
Culturally Responsive Integrative Learning Environments: A Critical Displacement Approach
Authors: Mahoney Antron D.
Published: November 2016

This chapter outlines a critical framework for developing culturally responsive integrative learning environments in leadership education. The framework is grounded in the scholarship of women of color feminism and offers implications for transforming curricular and cocurricular leadership programs.
Leading to Transgress: Critical Considerations for Transforming Leadership Learning
Authors: Osteen Laura , Guthrie Kathy L. , Jones Tamara Bertrand
Published: November 2016

The culturally relevant leadership learning (CRLL) model is explored through the lens of theory and practice. This creates critical questions to guide leadership educators in the ongoing process of transforming leadership programs.
Effect of Pre‐operative Anaemia on Post‐operative Complications in Low‐Resource Settings
Authors: White Michelle C. , Longstaff Lydia , Lai Peggy S.
Published: November 2016

Background

In high‐resource settings, even mild anaemia is associated with an increased risk of post‐operative complications. Whether this is true in low‐resource settings is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of anaemia on surgical outcomes in the Republic of Congo and Madagascar.

Method

It is a retrospective chart review of 2064 non‐pregnant patients undergoing elective surgery with Mercy Ships. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between pre‐operative anaemia and pre‐defined surgical complications, adjusted for age, gender, surgical specialty, and country.

Results

The average age of patients was 27.2 years; 56.7% were male. Sixty‐two percent of patients were not anaemic, and 22.7, 13.9 and 1.4% met sex‐related criteria for mild, moderate and severe anaemia, respectively. In adjusted analyses, the severe anaemia group had an 8.58 [3.65, 19.49] higher odds of experiencing any surgical complication (p < 0.001) compared to non‐anaemic patients. Analysis of each complication showed a 33.13 [9.57, 110.39] higher odds of unexpected ICU admission (p < 0.001); a 7.29 [1.98, 21.45] higher odds of surgical site infection (p < 0.001); and 7.48 [1.79, 25.78] higher odds of requiring hospital readmission (p < 0.001). Evaluating other anaemia categories, only those with moderate anaemia had a higher risk of requiring ICU admission (odds ratio 2.75 [1.00, 7.04], p = 0.04) compared to those without anaemia.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that in low‐income settings, severe anaemia is associated with an increased risk of post‐operative complications including unexpected ICU admission, surgical site infection and hospital readmission, whereas mild anaemia was not associated with increased post‐operative complications.
Patient Survival After Simultaneous ALPPS and Colorectal Resection
Authors: Wanis Kerollos Nashat , Buac Suzana , Linecker Michael , Ardiles Victoria , Tun‐Abraham Mauro Enrique , Robles‐Campos Ricardo , Malago Massimo , de Santibañes Eduardo , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Hernandez‐Alejandro Roberto
Published: November 2016

Background

Liver resection combined with colorectal surgery (CRS) is the only curative option in many patients presenting with synchronous colorectal cancer and liver metastases (CRLM). Simultaneous resection has been shown to offer benefits in patients with low hepatic tumor load; however, in the setting of in situ colorectal tumor with extensive CRLM and a small predicted future liver remnant (FLR), the use of simultaneous ALPPS and CRS is controversial, lacking outcome data.

Methods

Thirty‐one cases of simultaneous ALPPS and CRS prospectively entered into the International ALPPS Registry were examined. Univariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with 90‐day mortality after stage‐2.

Results

Thirty patients (97%) completed both stages. CRS was performed during stage‐1 in 22 patients (73%). Seven patients (23%) had severe complications (Clavien‐Dindo ≥ IIIb) following stage‐2 ALPPS. The 90‐day mortality rate was 15%. Patients who had a severe complication after stage‐1 were significantly more likely to have 90‐day mortality following stage‐2 (p = 0.002). MELD score > 10 on postoperative day‐5 after stage‐1 was also significantly associated with 90‐day mortality (p = 0.011). Disease‐free survival and overall survival were 36% and 76% at 1 year, respectively.

Conclusions

In light of the high mortality and poor long‐term survival identified in this series, the adoption of ALPPS with CRS cannot be recommended without further data. Patients who suffer severe complications or have an elevated MELD score after stage‐1 are at higher risk of mortality following stage‐2.
Developmental synchrony in multivoltine insects: generation separation versus smearing
Authors: Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Nelson William A. , Tobin Patrick C.
Published: November 2016

Many insect species undergo multiple generations each year. They are found across biomes that vary in their strength of seasonality and, depending on location and species, can display a wide range of population dynamics. Some species exhibit cycles with distinct generations (developmental synchrony/generation separation), some exhibit overlapping generations with multiple life stages present simultaneously (generation smearing), while others have intermediate dynamics with early season separation followed by late season smearing. There are two main hypotheses to explain these dynamics. The first is the ‘seasonal disturbance’ hypothesis where winter synchronizes the developmental clock among individuals, which causes transient generation separation early in the season that erodes through the summer. The second is the ‘temperature destabilization’ hypothesis where warm temperatures during the summer cause population dynamics to become unstable giving rise to single generation cycles. Both hypotheses are supported by detailed mathematical theory incorporating mechanisms that are likely to drive dynamics in nature. In this review, we synthesize the theory and propose a conceptual framework—where each mechanism may be seen as an independent axis shaping the developmental (a)synchrony—that allows us to predict dynamic patterns from insect life‐history characteristics. High fecundity, short adult life‐span and strong seasonality enhance synchrony, while developmental plasticity and environmental heterogeneity erode synchrony. We further review current mathematical and statistical tools to study multi‐generational dynamics and illustrate using case studies of multivoltine tortrix moths. By integrating two disparate bodies of theory, we articulate a deep connection among temperature, stability, developmental synchrony and inter‐generational dynamics of multivoltine insects that is missing in current literature.
Ionic Behavior Assessment of Surface‐Active Compounds from Corn Steep Liquor by Exchange Resins
Authors: Rodríguez‐López L. , Rincón‐Fontán M. , Vecino X. , Cruz J. M. , Moldes A.
Published: November 2016

Depending on their ionic nature, biosurfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. The ionic behavior of biosurfactants is an important characteristic that dictates their use in industrial applications. In this work, a biosurfactant extract obtained from corn steep liquor was subjected to anionic or cationic resins, in order to study the ionic behavior under different operational conditions using response surface methodology. The independent variables included in the study are the dilution of biosurfactant solution, the amount of cationic or anionic resin, and the extraction time, whereas the dependent variables studied consisted of the surface tension of biosurfactant aqueous solution, after contacting with anionic or cationic resin. The results showed that biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor is amphoteric, since both resins were able to entrap this biosurfactant, making it particularly suited for use in personal care preparations for sensitive skin.
Synergisms in Binary Mixtures of Anionic and pH‐Insensitive Zwitterionic Surfactants and Their Precipitation Behavior with Calcium Ions
Authors: Maneedaeng Atthaphon , Flood Adrian E.
Published: November 2016

This work aims to investigate synergy in anionic and zwitterionic surfactant mixtures, as they result in better interfacial properties and micellization behavior. Various mixtures of the pH‐insensitive zwitterionic surfactant 3‐(decyldimethylammonio) propanesulfonate (Zwittergent 3–10) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were prepared in aqueous solution at a range of pH values between 2 and 13. The thermodynamic parameters during mixed surfactant adsorption at the air/water interface are obtained and the results show the mixed surfactant systems having superior properties to the constituent surfactants. Experimentally, the mixed surfactant solutions clearly improve the surface activities by lowering the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and lowering the surface tension at the air/water interface. The synergisms are investigated through the interaction parameters estimated from regular solution theory that is used to quantitatively describe the nonideality of surfactant mixtures. High negative interaction parameters are obtained from these surfactant mixtures. Experimental precipitation phase boundaries of SDS in the presence of CaCl2 were also investigated in mixtures containing pH‐insensitive zwitterionic surfactant at different pH levels from 2 to 13 and SDS mole fractions of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00. Changes in the precipitation phase boundaries are due to the changes in the speciation or activities of the major components both below and above the CMC. As a result, the precipitation phase boundaries are pH dependent. In addition, mixed micellization and counterion binding to the micelle also change the precipitation phase boundary above the CMC. The activity‐based solubility product of calcium dodecylsulfate is also determined from the precipitation phase boundaries below the CMC. X‐ray diffraction patterns and SEM images confirm that only calcium dodecylsulfate precipitates in the soap scum for all pH and surfactant compositions studied.
Assessing EU perception in Kazakhstan's mass media
Authors: Ospanova Bakyt , Sadri Houman A. , Yelmurzayeva Raushan
Published: November 2016

This paper explores the mass media perception of the European Union (EU) in Kazakhstan by utilizing the content analysis of the major mass media outlets. The authors examine news reports and periodical articles from four major national Kazakh newspapers using three measurement points. The first measurement point covers the early 1990s when Kazakhstan declared independence and began to establish its foreign relations. The second measurement point covers the periods before and after introduction of the EU Strategy for Central Asia (2006–2008). The third measurement point covers the years (2011–2013) associated with implementation with the EU Strategy and assessing its results.

Our main findings suggest that Kazakhstan's mass media positively perceives the role of the EU in the region. Moreover, they tend to portray the EU mainly as an economic powerhouse. Our findings support some suggestions by similar studies of the EU's external perception.
Soleus Muscle Herniation With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Correlation in a Female Long‐Distance Runner: A Case Report
Authors: Cormier David J. , Gellhorn Alfred C. , Singh Jaspal R.
Published: November 2016

This is a case of a 40‐year‐old female endurance athlete with right leg pain while running. A comprehensive workup revealed a fascial defect with soleus muscle herniation. Although historically in many practice settings magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice for suspected muscle herniation through the fascia, the use of ultrasound is increasing because of lower cost, ease of access, and dynamic evaluation. To the authors' knowledge, there has not been a direct comparison between the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound in determining the size or location of a soleus muscle herniation.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Methods for accurate measurements of small fixed wing UAV inertial properties
Authors: Lehmkühler K. , Wong K.C. , Verstraete D.
Published: November 2016

Two methods have been compared for the determination of the inertial properties of a small, fixed-wing un-manned aerial vehicle. The first method uses the standard single degree of freedom pendulum method and the second method implements a novel, potentially easier, 3 degrees of freedom pendulum method, which yields the entire inertia tensor from a single swing test. Both methods are using system identification of the pendulum motion to estimate the inertial properties. Substantial corrections (up to 25%) have to be applied to the experimental results. These corrections are caused by the acceleration of the pendulum being immersed in the surrounding air, also called the added mass effect. It has been found that the methods presented in literature to determine the corrections for full-scale aircraft do not give the correct results for the small-scale un-manned aerial vehicle under consideration. The only feasible, cost-effective method to generate these corrections utilise swing tests with a geometrically similar object of known inertial properties. It has also been found that the corrections are unique with respect to the experimental methods. Several benchmarking methods, including the innovative use of static and dynamic wind-tunnel test data, give high confidence in the results.
The High Cost of Transferring the Dream
Authors: Brooks Kim
Published: November 2016

Cases might be valuable for more than the legal lessons they offer. This paper argues that cases present an archive of evidence that can help us reason backward to better understand the fissures in the ways humans interact and how our social, political, and economic systems generate tensions in their lives. More specifically, the paper looks through a small window into the lives of the people who find themselves caught between our collective and individual expenditure aspirations. It explores the circumstances in which individuals find that their outstanding tax debts pose a threat to their ability to maintain ownership of their home.
Investigating genetic characteristics of hepatitis B virus-associated and -non-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: FU XI-HUA , LI MIN , LOU HAI-BO , HUANG MING-SHOU , LIU CHUN-LONG
Published: November 2016

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy that mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Risk factors for HCC include hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the specific role of HBV infection in HCC development is not yet completely understood. In order to reveal the effects of HBV on HCC, we compare the genes of HCC patients infected with HBV with those who are not infected.

Methods:

We encoded the genes of these two types of HCC in databases using enrichment scores of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway terms. A random forest algorithm was employed in order to distinguish these two types in the classifier, and a series of feature selection approaches was used in order to select their optimal features. Novel HBV-associated and -non-associated HCC genes were predicted, respectively, based on their optimal features in the classifier. A shortest-path algorithm was also employed in order to find all of the shortest-paths genes connecting the known related genes.

Results:

A total of 54 different features between HBV-associated and -non-associated HCC genes were identified. In total, 1236 and 881 novel related genes were predicted for HBV-associated and -non-associated HCC, respectively. By integrating the predicted genes and shortest path genes in their gene interaction network, we identified 679 common genes involved in the two types of HCC.

Conclusion:

We identified the significantly different genetic features between two types of HCC. We also predicted related genes for the two types based on their specific features. Finally, we determined the common genes and features that were involved in both of these two types of HCC.
CHANGES IN SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN CHINA: A DECOMPOSITION BY BIRTH ORDER
Authors: Jiang Quanbao , Yu Qun , Yang Shucai , Sánchez-Barricarte Jesús J.
Published: November 2016

The long-term high sex ratio at birth (SRB) is a serious issue in China. In this study, changes in SRB were decomposed into variations in SRB by birth order and compositional changes in female births by birth order. With SRB data from China’s surveys and censuses, and SRB data from South Korea’s vital registration and censuses from 1980–2015, the trend and decomposition results in SRB were compared between China and South Korea, and the decomposition results for urban and rural SRBs, and for provinces, are presented. In both China and South Korea the rise in the SRB was driven by a rise in the SRB at all birth orders, which was only partly counteracted by the change in the distribution of births by order. The overall rise in the SRB ended when there was a decline in the SRB at second birth or above in South Korea. In China the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders increased more for the rural population than for the urban population before 2000, resulting in a higher total SRB for rural than urban population. After 2000, the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders lowered the total SRB for the rural population, whereas the effect of compositional change increased the total SRB, leading to a very slight rise in the total SRB for the rural population. At the province level, there was no spatial autocorrelation for the changes in total SRB by province, the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders or the effect of compositional change. The effect of variations in SRB by birth order accounted for the majority of changes in total SRB in most provinces.
Connecting pH with body size in the marine gastropod Trophon geversianus in a latitudinal gradient along the south-western Atlantic coast
Authors: Malvé Mariano E. , Gordillo Sandra , Rivadeneira Marcelo M.
Published: November 2016

There is growing concern about the impact of contemporaneous ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, but strong evidence for predicting the consequences is still scant. We have used the gastropod Trophon geversianus as a study model for exploring the importance of oceanographic variables (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, oxygen, calcite and pH) on large-scale latitudinal variation in mean shell length and relative shell weight. Data were collected from a survey carried out in 34 sites along ~1600 km. Neither shell length nor relative shell weight showed any monotonic latitudinal trend, and the patterns of spatial variability were rather complex. After correcting for spatial autocorrelation, only pH showed a significant correlation with mean shell length and relative shell weight, but contrary to expectations, the association was negative in both cases. We hypothesize that this could mirror the negative effect of acidification on growth rate, which may cause larger asymptotic size. Latitudinal trends of body size variation are not easy to generalize using ecogeographic rules, and may be the result of a complex interaction of environmental drivers and life-history responses.
The transmissibility estimation of influenza with early stage data of small-scale outbreaks in Changsha, China, 2005–2013
Authors: CHEN T. M. , CHEN Q. P. , LIU R. C. , SZOT A. , CHEN S. L. , ZHAO J. , ZHOU S. S.
Published: November 2016

Hundreds of small-scale influenza outbreaks in schools are reported in mainland China every year, leading to a heavy disease burden which seriously impacts the operation of affected schools. Knowing the transmissibility of each outbreak in the early stage has become a major concern for public health policy-makers and primary healthcare providers. In this study, we collected all the small-scale outbreaks in Changsha (a large city in south central China with ~7·04 million population) from January 2005 to December 2013. Four simple and popularly used models were employed to calculate the reproduction number (R) of these outbreaks. Given that the duration of a generation interval Tc = 2·7 and the standard deviation (s.d.)σ = 1·1, the mean R estimated by an epidemic model, normal distribution and delta distribution were 2·51 (s.d. = 0·73), 4·11 (s.d. = 2·20) and 5·88 (s.d. = 5·00), respectively. When Tc = 2·9 and σ = 1·4, the mean R estimated by the three models were 2·62 (s.d. = 0·78), 4·72 (s.d. = 2·82) and 6·86 (s.d. = 6·34), respectively. The mean R estimated by gamma distribution was 4·32 (s.d. = 2·47). We found that the values of R in small-scale outbreaks in schools were higher than in large-scale outbreaks in a neighbourhood, city or province. Normal distribution, delta distribution, and gamma distribution models seem to more easily overestimate the R of influenza outbreaks compared to the epidemic model.
Intra-arterial calcifications in the recipient twin in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Zaidi Syed Javed H. , Gandhi Rupali , Siddiqui Saad
Published: November 2016

Pulmonary artery, and rarely aortic, calcifications have been reported in sporadic case reports in the recipient twin of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. This presentation is more likely to be secondary to the haemodynamic alterations in the recipient twin, but must be differentiated from idiopathic infantile arterial calcification as the clinical implications, treatment, and prognosis may be drastically different.
Adult CHD patients under clinical follow-up have a similar quality of life to the general population in Malta
Authors: Caruana Maryanne , Grech Victor
Published: November 2016

Background

The improved survival of patients born with CHD has led to increasing interest in research on quality of life of adult survivors. We report the findings of the first study in Malta carried out to investigate quality of life in adults with CHD under follow-up.

Methods

A self-reporting questionnaire modelled on the basis of the European Health Interview Survey 2008, including questions on mental health and vitality, was administered to consecutive adult CHD outpatients, aged 16 years and over, between May, 2013 and May, 2014. Foreigners and patients with learning difficulties or cognitive impairment were excluded. Quality-of-life data were compared with that from 371 age- and sex-matched 2008 survey responders – general population cohort. The impact of congenital lesion complexity, hospitalisation in the preceding 12 months, arrhythmias, co-morbidities, and cardiac medication use on quality of life of the CHD cohort was also investigated.

Results

There were a total of 120 patient responders (63 males; mean age 30.53, SD 12.77 years). Overall, there were no significant differences in mental health and vitality between patient and general population cohorts, although older patients had better mental health scores compared with age-matched controls. Within the adult CHD cohort, hospitalisation in the preceding 12 months was the only factor associated with a poorer quality of life.

Conclusions

Overall, CHD has no negative impact on mental health and vitality in Maltese adult patients under follow-up. Patients needing frequent hospitalisations might warrant closer attention by clinical psychologists.
A (Very) Imperfect Sandwich: EnglishShould, GermanSollte, DutchMocht/Moestas Grammaticalizing Markers of Conditionality
Authors: Breitbarth Anne , Delva Sara , Leuschner Torsten
Published: November 2016

Based on a comparative corpus study, the present paper contrasts conditionals containing the modal verbssolltein German,shouldin English, andmocht/moestin Dutch. The conditionals are examined with respect to the linkage levels between protasis and apodosis, the tense/mood patterns in the two clauses, and the degree of syntactic integration of the protasis into the apodosis. We argue thatsollte, should, mocht, andmoestare undergoing a process of grammaticalization as markers of conditionality, understood as upwards reanalysis in the hierarchy of functional projections. We show that this grammaticalization process is at different stages in the different languages, not showing any “sandwich”-like pattern.
Copy Raising in English, German, and Dutch: Synchrony and Diachrony
Authors: Poortvliet Marjolein
Published: November 2016

This study discusses copy raising in English, German, and Dutch from both a synchronic and diachronic perspective. Synchronically, copy raising has the same purpose in all three languages: to mark direct evidence. However, the languages differ in whether they allow their ‘seem’-verbs to appear in copy-raised constructions: Englishseemcan copy raise, Germanscheinencannot, whereas the status of Dutchlijkenis undecided. This difference is explained by the diachronic development of these verbs: Englishseemhas developed the furthest along the grammaticalization cline of ‘seem’-verbs, Germanscheinenis the most conservative in its development, and Dutchlijkenhas developed quite late, but is quickly catching up to Englishseem. Even though it is too early to tell, this distribution hints at a Van Haeringen pattern.*
Temporal logic programs with variables
Authors: AGUADO FELICIDAD , CABALAR PEDRO , PÉREZ GILBERTO , VIDAL CONCEPCIÓN , DIÉGUEZ MARTÍN
Published: November 2016

In this note, we consider the problem of introducing variables in temporal logic programs under the formalism of Temporal Equilibrium Logic, an extension of Answer Set Programming for dealing with linear-time modal operators. To this aim, we provide a definition of a first-order version of Temporal Equilibrium Logic that shares the syntax of first-order Linear-time Temporal Logic but has different semantics, selecting some Linear-time Temporal Logic models we call temporal stable models. Then, we consider a subclass of theories (called splittable temporal logic programs) that are close to usual logic programs but allowing a restricted use of temporal operators. In this setting, we provide a syntactic definition of safe variables that suffices to show the property of domain independence – that is, addition of arbitrary elements in the universe does not vary the set of temporal stable models. Finally, we present a method for computing the derivable facts by constructing a non-temporal logic program with variables that is fed to a standard Answer Set Programming grounder. The information provided by the grounder is then used to generate a subset of ground temporal rules which is equivalent to (and generally smaller than) the full program instantiation.
Prevalence, demographic variation and psychological correlates of exposure to police victimisation in four US cities
Authors: DeVylder J. E. , Oh H. Y. , Nam B. , Sharpe T. L. , Lehmann M. , Link B. G.
Published: November 2016

Aims

Victimisation by the police is purported to be widespread in cities in the USA, but there is limited data on police–public encounters from community samples. This is partly due to an absence of measures for assessing police violence exposure from the standpoint of civilians. As such, the demographic distribution and mental health correlates of police victimisation are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to present community-based prevalence estimates of positive policing and police victimisation based on assessment with two novel measures, and to test the hypotheses that (1) exposure to police victimisation would vary across demographic groups and (2) would be associated with depression and psychological distress.

Methods

The Survey of Police–Public Encounters study surveyed adults residing in four US cities to examine the prevalence, demographic distribution and psychological correlates of police victimisation. Participants (N= 1615) completed measures of psychological distress (K-6 scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) and two newly constructed measures of civilian-reported police–public encounters. Both measures were developed to assess police victimisation based on the WHO domains of violence, which include physical violence (with and without a weapon, assessed separately), sexual violence (inappropriate sexual contact, including public strip searches), psychological violence (e.g., threatening, intimidating, stopping without cause, or using discriminatory slurs) and neglect (police not responding when called or responding too late). The Police Practices Inventory assesses lifetime history of exposure to positive policing and police victimisation, and the Expectations of Police Practices Scale assesses the perceived likelihood of future incidents of police victimisation. Linear regression models were used to test for associations between police–public encounters and psychological distress and depression.

Results

Psychological violence (18.6%) and police neglect (18.8%) were commonly reported in this sample and a substantial minority of respondents also reported more severe forms of violence, specifically physical (6.1%), sexual (2.8%) and physical with a weapon (3.3%). Police victimisation was more frequently reported by racial/ethnic minorities, males, transgender respondents and younger adults. Nearly all forms of victimisation (but not positive policing) were associated with psychological distress and depression in adjusted linear regression models.

Conclusions

Victimisation by police appears to be widespread, inequitably distributed across demographic groups and psychologically impactful. These findings suggest that public health efforts to both reduce the prevalence of police violence and to alleviate its psychological impact may be needed, particularly in disadvantaged urban communities.
Facial Likability and Smiling Enhance Cooperation, but Have No Direct Effect on Moralistic Punishment
Authors: Mieth Laura , Bell Raoul , Buchner Axel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The present study serves to test how positive and negative appearance-based expectations affect cooperation and punishment. Participants played a prisoner’s dilemma game with partners who either cooperated or defected. Then they were given a costly punishment option: They could spend money to decrease the payoffs of their partners. Aggregated over trials, participants spent more money for punishing the defection of likable-looking and smiling partners compared to punishing the defection of unlikable-looking and nonsmiling partners, but only because participants were more likely to cooperate with likable-looking and smiling partners, which provided the participants with more opportunities for moralistic punishment. When expressed as a conditional probability, moralistic punishment did not differ as a function of the partners’ facial likability. Smiling had no effect on the probability of moralistic punishment, but punishment was milder for smiling in comparison to nonsmiling partners.
Assessment of the bimodality in the distribution of bacterial genome sizes
Authors: Gweon Hyun S , Bailey Mark J , Read Daniel S
Published: November 2016

Bacterial genome sizes have previously been shown to exhibit a bimodal distribution. This phenomenon has prompted discussion regarding the evolutionary forces driving genome size in bacteria and its ecological significance. We investigated the level of inherent redundancy in the public database and the effect it has on the shape of the apparent bimodal distribution. Our study reveals that there is a significant bias in the genome sequencing efforts towards a certain group of species, and that correcting the bias using species nomenclature and clustering of the 16S rRNA gene, results in a unimodal rather than the previously published bimodal distribution. The true genome size distribution and its wider ecological implications will soon emerge as we are currently witnessing rapid growth in the number of sequenced genomes from diverse environmental niches across a range of habitats at an unprecedented rate.