bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks and Countermeasures of the Shale Gas Development in China
Authors: Dong Pu , Wang Si You
Published: August 2013

Recently,accelerating shale gas development and utilization is of great significance to safeguard the security of energy supply. As a new energy resource, shale gas has great development prospects, but to develop and to make use of this resource is quite difficult and has high risks due to the exploitation technology, environmental protection, the market, and so forth. It can help the shale gas companies get better development by focusing on the prospective risks that they may face and looking for the solutions. This paper analyzes the various risks that the shale gas development companies may face and puts forward the measurements to deal with these risks.
A Portable Subway Logistics System for the Transportation of Small and Medium-Size Cargo
Authors: Wang Lian Sheng , Deng Qing Ming
Published: August 2013

To satisfy the requirement of short delivery time, this paper proposes subway (light rail transport) as vehicle for city delivery and express. With the convenient service, it will improve the efficiency of city logistics and promote the development of e-commerce. The system can effectively avoid the congestion of trucks on road, reduce fuel consumption and reduce the damage to the environment for the subway is driven by electricity. The automated warehouse management system is proposed in this paper, which is built on Siemenss SIMATIC S7 PLC control system and SQL database, and is designed for small and medium-size cargo to make transportation efficient and timely.
Sedimentology and Reservoir Characteristics of He8 Member, in a Gas Field of Ordos Basin, Northern China
Authors: Fan Er Ping , Cheng Yue Hong , Zhang Yuan Zhi , Bai Zhen Hua
Published: August 2013

The rapid lateral variation of fluvial sand-bodies seriously affect the development of oil and gas field. One long-term base-level cycle (LSC), four middle-term base-level cycles (MSC) and nine short-term base level cycles (SSC) are recognized by researching the stacking patterns and volumetric partitioning according to the core, well log and seismic data in He8 member of A gas field, Ordos basin. The base level cycles which are mainly base level rise half cycles are mainly composed of braided and meandering river deposits. The evolution of depositional system has experienced three stages: braided river deposition in the earlier stage, braided and meandering river transition coexistence in the middle stage and only meandering river deposition in later period. The braided channel sand, mid-channel bar and point bar are mainly reservoirs which show belt and ribbon along the SEE trending. These sand-bodies are vertically and laterally stacked with good continuity in the early MSC1, MSC2 and MSC3, while isolated and with poor continutiy in the early MSC4. The sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis affect the fluvial reservoir quality including lateral continuity, porosity and permeability and the buried depth of the good reservoirs with development of secondary solution pores is less than 3500m in this area.
Construct Evaluation Index System of Low-Carbon Economy & Development Ability
Authors: Zheng Lin Chang , Cai Zheng Chao
Published: August 2013

Atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases rising, extreme weather phenomenon happened frequently, those triggered the research and practice of low-carbon economy worldwide. What is the low-carbon economy, how to examine a country have reached a low-carbon economy or not, what the difference among them, and what efforts they made. Unfortunately, those problems have not been a clear answer, and still do not have a comprehensive evaluation index system to comprehensively reflect the connotation and characteristics of the low-carbon economy. Therefore, based on low-carbon economy connotation and using hierarchical analysis method, this paper construct evaluation index system of low-carbon economy and development ability, which include 1 target layer, 5 standard layers and 19 index layers. And then, base on above index system, we also using hierarchical analysis method design a play table for expert, and put play table to 191 experts. According to the analysis results of play table, we assign weight to every indicator. Finally, this paper design evaluation model of low-carbon economy and development ability.
Preparation of High Purity Alumina Technology Overview
Authors: Fu Xiu Feng , Xu Ben Jun , Huang Cai Juan
Published: August 2013

high purity alumina preparation process status of recent years is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized.
Substation Inspection System Based on RFID Technology
Authors: Xu Heng Bo , Liu Jun Hui , Jia Xue
Published: August 2013

In the inspection work, inspecting not in time often lead to equipment abnormal and failure. In order to solve the problem, this paper developed an inspection program with the use of RFID technology and a PDA. In order to realize the function of inspection task assignment, equipment information collection, inspection results uploaded and data analysis, a substation inspection management system based on B/S architecture was also designed. Both the inspection program and the management system had been tested in the Yingzhang 220Kv Substation of the Luohe City. The trial operation results conformed to the actual requirements of substation inspection. And the standardized management of the substation inspection could be also realized.
A Design and Development of Chongqing Emergency Warning Information Releasing Software
Authors: Xia Bai Cheng , Min Fan Hua , Gai Chang Song
Published: August 2013

To release warning information correctly and timely, the team tried to design a software called Chongqing Emergency Warning Information Release Software (CEWIRS) based on the analysis of the needs of Chongqing emergency warning information releasing work, and developed some modules. This software proves to be great help to improve efficiency of Chongqing emergency warning information releasing work. After weighing up the costs and benefits of developing CEWIRS, the team suggests that such means as website and RSS should be paid more attention to get warning information received by more people at lower cost.
Serial Communication Based on LabVIEW for the Development of an ECG Monitor
Authors: Yang Bing , Guo Yu , Wang Zhi Dong , Gao Yan
Published: August 2013

The techniques of serial communication utilized in a developed electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor programmed by the LabVIEW are introduced in the paper. By utilized the VISA serial communication functions included in the LabVIEW, some functions of serial ports such as opening and closing, commands sending and responses receiving, etc. can be easily called. Then, the communication between the ECG sensor and the ECG virtual instrument is established. By this way, the opening and the closing controls of the ECG sensor, the ECG data acquisition, the data processing and storage, the real-time drawing of the ECG waveform and so on can performed simply. As a result, serial communication by the LabVIEW make the program development of the ECG monitor becoming much quicker, more convenient and high efficient.
Coal Resources and Tectonic Division of Ordos Basin
Authors: Ning Shu Zheng
Published: August 2013

The Ordos Basin is the richest area of coal resources in China, which has an important position in China's coal resources prospecting and exploitation. Through the application of coalfield geology and geodynamics, this paper analyzes the distribution of coal resources of the Ordos Basin. It carries out the research in coalfield tectonic zoning, and the coal-bearing area is divided into five coal-bearing areas and four coal tectonic belts. The study of coal resources and tectonic division will contribute to the new understanding of the prediction and evaluation of coal resources of the Ordos Basin.
The Design of the Logistics Information Sharing Platform Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Jiao Ya Bing
Published: August 2013

Cloud computing is high scalability, high reliability, high resource utilization Characteristics. In this paper, according to the characteristics of the logistics information, combined with cloud computing technology to build the model of logistics information sharing platform based on cloud computing. On cloud computing technology application of key technologies in the logistics information sharing platform is analyzed. Finally, this paper has carried on the design of logistics information sharing platform based on cloud technology. With the use of logistics information sharing platform, the logistics information development play a powerful role in promoting.
Major Controls on the Evolution of the Cambrian Dolomite Reservoirs in the Keping Area, Tarim Basin
Authors: Li Qing , You Xue Lian , Hu Wen Xuan , Zhu Jing Quan , Jiang Zai Xing
Published: August 2013

The Cambrian dolomite reservoir is an important target in oil and gas exploration. The Penglaiba section in the Keping area is typically examined in studies dealing with the Cambrian dolomite reservoirs of northwestern Tarim Basin. Based on sedimentological, petrographic, and geochemical data, lithofacies and fluids are identified as the major factors that control the dolomite reservoir in the study area. Lithoacies are fundamental to reservoir evolution because they provide suitable channels for dolomitization and dissolution of fluids that, in turn, facilitate the formation of high quality reservoirs. The lithofacies which could form high-quality reservoirs in the study area are: slope slip (collapse) facies, gypsum related facies, and algae dolomite facies. The sources of fluids include seawater, meteoric freshwater, diagenetic/hydrocarbon fluid, and hydrothermal fluid. These fluids lead to dolomitization, penecontemporaneous meteoric dissolution, hypergene dissolution, organic acid dissolution and hydrothermal dissolution that result in secondary porosity, and as such, they have a significant contribution to reservoir evolution.
Regional Geology Background and Minerogenetic Series in Ongniud Banner of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liu Deng , Cao Dai Yong
Published: August 2013

Ongniud Banner is located in the northern margin of the North China platform, possessing binary attribute of the greenville period orogenic belt and North China block. The authors reclassify geological unit through the rock stratigraphic correlation and isotope chronology. Achaean strata is mainly composed of quartz schist, chlorite schist, amphibole schist, and the rocks have been highly metamorphosed into the green schist facies, and its single particle zircon U-Pb age is 2645 ±86Ma, so it is assigned to North China block. Proterozoic strata is mainly composed of metamorphic complex including chlorite schist, marble, basalt, amphibolite, plagiogranite and olivine pyroxenolite, and its single particle zircon U-Pb age is 1620±160Ma, so it is assigned to Greenville period orogenic belt. According to 1:50000 stream sediment geochemical elementary assemblage characteristics, the authors discuss the metallogenic endowment and minerogenetic series of geological unit in research area.
Coal Seam Roadway Bolt Support Design Method Based on the Supporting Theory of Broken Rock Zone
Authors: Liu Hai Yuan , Wang Zhi Gang , Li Ji , Bai Lang
Published: August 2013

broken rock zone is the main reason for the convergence of surrounding rock deformation, and its thickness not only is a reflection of many factors which influence the stability of surrounding rock, but also is the results of the interaction of many factors, a comprehensive classification index. Roadway support design based on classification result of broken rock zone, has a solid theoretical foundation, and the field application effect is remarkable.
Research of Bearing Mechanism of Double Support Structure of Deep Soft Rock Roadway
Authors: Zhang Feng Jie , Liu Pan , Meng Xiang Rui , Gao Zhao Ning
Published: August 2013

the stabilization of the rock support structure is the key to the safety and stability in the deep soft rock roadway, According to the bearing characteristics of surrounding rock, this paper puts forward the definition of double bearing structure, using FLAC3D numerical simulation software and theory of mechanics analyses Bearing Mechanism of Double Support Structure. The research shows: Excavation of soft rock roadway, the vertical strain and horizontal strain of the surrounding rock of roadway has wave, the surround rock appearing obvious deformation and displacement of roadway roof and floor in 3M, and the roadside appearing extrusion failure in the range of 2m. The roadway is more stable as the figure of the plastic radius is smaller, the same to outer bearing structure’s boundary and the width of outer bearing structure and plastic zone.
Application of Wasteless Mining in Hongtoushan Copper Mine
Authors: Xu Shi Da , Li Yuan Hui , Liu Jian Po
Published: August 2013

As we all know, a large number of waste rock which caused many serious problem produced in mining. The pollution caused by waste rock in mining is threating the human society seriously in some aspects. Wasteless mining is more and more popular to relieve the burden of mines. As one of the deepest mines in China, Hongtoushan Copper Mine began to establish waste rock filling system in 1995. After three phases of the waste rock filling system, all the waste rock was used to fill the goaf in underground mining in 2012. The wasteless rock mining had brought RMB 8 million and good social benefits. It offered a good suggestion for similar mines in China.
Study on Pressure Regularity of the Fully Mechanized Coal Mining Face and Evaluation on Support Adaptability
Authors: Wang Xing Shun
Published: August 2013

Based on the theoretical analysis and field testing, for making clear of the roofs strata behaviors characteristics in the fully mechanized coal mining face in Hongliulin coal mine, and evaluating the adaptability of the support to the roof movement of the working face, this paper gives a collection analysis and evaluation of the rock pressure information during the working faces extraction to get the related technical parameters that can reflect the roof activity rule and the support adaptability analysis and meanwhile to provide some references for the mine pressure monitoring under the similar conditions.
Mechanics Analysis with Different Open Lid Time on Shockwaves in Launch Box
Authors: Cao Quan Zheng , Jiang Yi , Yang Zheng Zan , Yu Shao Zhen
Published: August 2013

Different open lid time influence the strength of shock waves in launch box. To research on the issue, this article conducts an unsteady numerical simulation on a missile, using RNG κ–ε turbulence model. Through analyzing the pressure contours and pressure plots of the walls of launch box, the spreading process of the shock waves is figured out and the strength of the shock waves in different situations are obtained. The conclusion is helpful for design of open lid process, and it also improves the design scheme for the next generation.
Study on Mechanical Automation with Design of Electric Control System of Automobile Transmission Assembly Test Platform
Authors: Li Hong , Bo Hui Feng , Gu Jian Sheng
Published: August 2013

The input and output axis equipment is designed in the mechanical automation test platform. The input axis pull (positive pull) completes the noise test of the transmission at different gears. The output axis pull (reverse pull) test the shifting at different gears. The rotate speed adjustment of the input electromotor is done by transducer, and the rotate speed and torque design of the output electromotor is completed by the servo system. The mechanical automation electric control system of automobile transmission assembly test platform was designed. The working condition of the analogue automobile is achieved by means of the electric control systems control over the input electromotor and the output electromotors repeated power switch.
The Design and Application of an Improved Word Segmentation Algorithm Based on PATRICIA Tree Dictionary in Communication Material
Authors: Yang Xiao Mei
Published: August 2013

This article causes for the different sub-word ambiguity problem, the sub-word dictionary based on the design of the traditional mechanical segmentation algorithm improvements, according to "priority" and "a maximum of sub-word" the principle of long-term, proposed the dynamic maximum points word algorithm and up Segmentation in communication material. And use of open source code java word segmentation algorithm to achieve the design in communication material.
The Application of Intelligent Industrial Robotic Control System Based on PLC in Mechanical Automation
Authors: Lan Dun Chen
Published: August 2013

In the field of mechanical automation, intelligent industrial robot technology is an important branch in the research field of robot; it is always the hot spots of the world robot research, and it being used to get the application in the industry today. Robot experiment platform of PLC and motor control technology, it based on the control method used by the robot control system improvements to make it more perfect run more precise, reasonable. In the same time, the man-machine interface state run monitoring, to ensure the normal operation of the system. Improved control method of the improvement of the work efficiency, reduce the work of the workers a duplication degree have a significant effect, and the system control at the scene, especially PLC control has excellent control function and good cost performance .
Research on Characteristics of Plastic Materials and Plastic Optical Fiber
Authors: Zhang Ning , Han Ze Yuan , Song Lu Qin , Lu Yue Ming
Published: August 2013

Plastic materials have many uses. The plastic optical fiber with a low-cost, light weight, good flexibility, big core diameter, easy coupling, anti-electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation, is used for short range communication. This paper analyzed the characteristics of plastic materials and plastic optical fiber, and proposed a novel application technology for access network. In the access network, the plastic optical fiber is used as a transmission medium, from center router to the server, and the various floors of plastic optical fiber switch to the user using plastic optical fiber connections, constitute a plastic optical fiber local area network, to realize the true meaning fiber to the home.
Research on the Dimpling in Multi-Point Thermoforming of Polycarbonate Sheet
Authors: Cao Jun Hui , Fu Wen Zhi , Li Ming Zhe
Published: August 2013

Growing requirements of small-batch, high-quality and customized products are motivating the development of innovative flexible polymer processing techniques. The paper demonstrates the possibility of employing the multi-point forming (MPF) technology to produce low-cost, small-batch and customized polycarbonate (PC sheet components. Experiments have been performed by means of an experimental setup designed for processing polymer sheet and the overall investigation is focused on the characterization and evaluation of the effects of processing parameters on forming quality. The results show that the forming defects can be eliminated under appropriate processing parameters and that the shape of formed part is in good accordance with the desired shape.
The distribution of Tomopterna krugerensis (Anura: Ranidae) in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Passmore N. I.
Published: August 2013

A new and cryptic species of Tomopterna, T. krugerenis, has recently been described from the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, (Passmore and Carruthers 1975), where it appears to be confined to the Wambiya sandveld region in the north. The closely related and very similar T. delalandei cryptotis has not been recorded from this region.
The black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis. A new bird record for the Kruger National Park
Authors: Van Bruggen A. C.
Published: August 2013

The avifauna of the Kruger National Park (KNP) was described in detail by Kemp (1974). However, species new to the list are bound to turn up occasionally. Joubert and English (1973), who discovered the occurrence of the crimson-breasted shrike Laniarius atroccoccincus Burchell, write: "Many of these species include migrants and vagrants entering the Park during rather abnormal times such as cyclones or periods of heavy rainfall."
Sonographic features of agenesis of dorsal pancreas
Authors: Vijayaraghavan S Boopathy , Gouru Swapna , Senthil Sathiya
Published: August 2013

Agenesis of dorsal pancreas is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that occurs due to failure of the dorsal pancreatic bud to form the body and tail of the pancreas. We report the sonographic appearance of this condition in six cases.
Giant sacrococcygeal teratoma embolization
Authors: Rossi Umberto G , Cariati Maurizio , Tomà Paolo
Published: August 2013

Resection of giant sacrococcygeal teratoma with high-vasculature in newborns can be a fatal procedure due to massive bleeding of the tumor. Endovascular embolization of the arteries that supply the tumor may lead to minimal blood loss. We present a case of giant high-vascular sacrococcygeal teratoma type-1 that was embolized in an infant born at 35 weeks gestation. This procedure lead to a safe, surgical resection with minimal bleeding: 12 ml.
An Efficient Hybrid DSMC/MD Algorithm for Accurate Modeling of Micro Gas Flows
Authors: Liang Tengfei , Ye Wenjing
Published: August 2013

Aiming at simulating micro gas flows with accurate boundary conditions, an efficient hybrid algorithm is developed by combining the molecular dynamics (MD) method with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The efficiency comes from the fact that the MD method is applied only within the gas-wall interaction layer, characterized by the cut-off distance of the gas-solid interaction potential, to resolve accurately the gas-wall interaction process, while the DSMC method is employed in the remaining portion of the flow field to efficiently simulate rarefied gas transport outside the gas-wall interaction layer. A unique feature about the present scheme is that the coupling between the two methods is realized by matching the molecular velocity distribution function at the DSMC/MD interface, hence there is no need for one-to-one mapping between a MD gas molecule and a DSMC simulation particle. Further improvement in efficiency is achieved by taking advantage of gas rarefaction inside the gas-wall interaction layer and by employing the “smart-wall model” proposed by Barisiket al.The developed hybrid algorithm is validated on two classical benchmarks namely 1-D Fourier thermal problem and Couette shear flow problem. Both the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid algorithm are discussed. As an application, the hybrid algorithm is employed to simulate thermal transpiration coefficient in the free-molecule regime for a system with atomically smooth surface. Result is utilized to validate the coefficients calculated from the pure DSMC simulation with Maxwell and Cercignani-Lampis gas-wall interaction models.
DETERMINATION OF UAS TRAJECTORY IN A KNOWN ENVIRONMENT FROM FPV VIDEO
Authors: Li-Chee-Ming J. , Armenakis C.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This paper presents a novel self-localization method. The algorithm automatically establishes correspondence between the FPV video streamed from a UAS flying in a structured urban environment and its 3D model. The resulting camera pose provides a precise navigation solution in the densely crowded environment. Initially, Vertical Line Features are extracted from a streamed FPV video frame, as the camera is kept approximately leveled through a gimbal system. The features are then matched with Vertical Line Features extracted from a synthetic image of the 3D model. A space resection is performed to provide the EOPs for this frame. The features are tracked in the next frame, followed by an incremental triangulation. The main contribution of this paper lies in automating this process as an FPV video sequence typically consists of thousands of frames. Accuracies of the position and orientation parameters of the video camera and the validation checks of the estimated parameters are presented. Future work includes testing the method in real-time to determine latencies and reliability, and multi-directional field of view of the FPV video camera.
2D HYPERSPECTRAL FRAME IMAGER CAMERA DATA IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MOSAICKING
Authors: Mäkeläinen A. , Saari H. , Hippi I. , Sarkeala J. , Soukkamäki J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A new 2D hyperspectral frame camera system has been developed by VTT (Technical Research Center of Finland) and Rikola Ltd. It contains frame based and very light camera with RGB-NIR sensor and it is suitable for light weight and cost effective UAV planes. MosaicMill Ltd. has converted the camera data into proper format for photogrammetric processing, and camera’s geometrical accuracy and stability are evaluated to guarantee required accuracies for end user applications. MosaicMill Ltd. has also applied its' EnsoMOSAIC technology to process hyperspectral data into orthomosaics. This article describes the main steps and results on applying hyperspectral sensor in orthomosaicking. The most promising results as well as challenges in agriculture and forestry are also described.
UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF JURIDICAL VERIFICATION OF CADASTRAL BORDER
Authors: Rijsdijk M. , van Hinsbergh W. H. M. , Witteveen W. , ten Buuren G. H. M. , Schakelaar G. A. , Poppinga G. , van Persie M. , Ladiges R.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Quite often in the verification of cadastral borders, owners of the parcels involved are not able to make their attendance at the appointed moment in time. New appointments have to be made in order to complete the verification process, and as a result often costs and throughput times grow beyond what is considered to be acceptable. To improve the efficiency of the verification process an experiment was set up that refrains from the conventional terrestrial methods for border verification. The central research question was formulated as "How useful are Unmanned Aerial Systems in the juridical verification process of cadastral borders of ownership at het Kadaster in the Netherlands?". For the experiment, operational evaluations were executed at two different locations. The first operational evaluation took place at the Pyramid of Austerlitz, a flat area with a 30 m high pyramid built by troops of Napoleon, with low civilian attendance. Two subsequent evaluations were situated in a small neighbourhood in the city of Nunspeet, where the cadastral situation recently changed, resulting from twenty new houses that were build. Initially a mini-UAS of the KLPD was used to collect photo datasets with less than 1 cm spatial resolution. In a later stage the commercial service provider Orbit Gis was hired. During the experiment four different software packages were used for processing the photo datasets into accurate geo-referenced ortho-mosaics. In this article more details will be described on the experiments carried out. Attention will be paid to the mini-UAS platforms (AscTec Falcon 8, Microdrone MD-4), the cameras used, the photo collection plan, the usage of ground control markers and the calibration of the camera's. Furthermore the results and experiences of the different used SFM software packages (Visual SFM/Bundler, PhotoScan, PhotoModeler and the Orbit software) will be shared.
EMERGENCY RADIATION SURVEY DEVICE ONBOARD THE UAV
Authors: Bogatov S. , Mazny N. , Pugachev A. , Tkachenko S. , Shvedov A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Radiation survey device (RSD) on the base of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was developed as an equipment of rescue forces for radiation situation reconnaissance in case of emergency. RSD is multi range radiometer with spectrometer functions capable to work within gamma ray fields of dose rate 10–7 – 10–1 Sievert per hour. UAV md4-1000 (Microdrones GmbH, Germany) was selected as the RSD carrier as a reliable vehicle with appropriate properties. Short description of RSD, UAV and developed software features as well as sensitivity assessments for different radiation sources are presented.
DIRECT PHOTOGRAMMETRY USING UAV: TESTS AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: Chiabrando F. , Lingua A. , Piras M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. In recent years, the quality of high resolution acquisition platforms for geomatic applications has decidedly increased, especially in the performance of the sensors devoted to image acquisition. The small size of these new sensors combined with the increase in resolution allows them to be easily mounted onto Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs); in particular, calibrated, very-high-resolution digital cameras for photogrammetric purposes such as digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM) extraction, orthophotos, and map realization have been used. In this case, the UAV performance allows a high quality product to be obtained, considering the pixel size and the accuracy of the DTM/DSM which could be obtained with automatic procedures. Several navigation sensors (GPS/GNSS and IMU-MEMS) are embedded into UAVs in order to realize autonomous flight. The quality of these sensors, in terms of accuracy, depends on the model of UAV and its purpose. The navigation solution (position and attitude) is estimated by the internal UAV sensor and can be employed to directly georeference the images, in order to produce an quick and easy description and analysis of the overlooked area. This is a good condition for semi-automatic procedures using a bundle-block photogrammetric approach. But is it possible to realize a direct photogrammetry? And what are the limits? Several tests were carried out over different areas and in different conditions using three different UAVs belonging to the Geomatics group of the Politecnico di Torino. In this paper, an investigation of the limits of some commercial UAVs is reported, defining a dedicated procedure to valuate their performance, especially considering the use of UAVs for direct photogrammetry.
ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO DE VARIABLES CLIMÁTICAS EN EL CULTIVO ORGÁNICO DE FRESA (Fragaria spp.) EN EL CASTILLITO, LAS SABANAS, MADRIZ
Authors: Benavides-González Álvaro , Cisne-Contreras José , Duarte-Canales Henry , Morán-Centeno Juan Carlos
Published: August 2013

La importancia que el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria spp.) tiene para los pequeños productores de El Castillito, municipio Las Sabanas del departamento de Madríz, orienta la implementación de técnicas agrícolas que incrementen sus rendimientos. Asimismo, el conocimiento de las condiciones climáticas es esencial para la producción de este rubro. En base a lo anterior se llevó a cabo el presente estudio con el objetivo de describir las características y las condiciones climáticas adecuadas para el establecimiento de este cultivo. Para el análisis se utilizó una estación experimental Kestrel 4 000 Pocket de la cual se tomaron los registros. Se obtuvieron 9 263 observaciones de 11 variables climáticas y fueron objeto de análisis univariado y multivariado. Mediante la información se determinó la evapotranspiración del sitio de estudio. Los rendimientos promedios históricos fueron analizados y contrastados con los meses en los cuales se estableció el cultivo. Las variables climáticas en los meses del año difieren de manera significativa en El Castillito, algunas características son propias de algunos meses. El grupo compuesto por los meses de diciembre a abril, se diferencian del grupo compuesto por los meses de junio a septiembre. Las condiciones de El Castillito son apropiadas para la producción de fresa, siempre y cuando ésta sea establecida durante los meses de junio a agosto. La evapotranspiración del cultivo osciló entre 2.5 a 5 mm día-1, y mediante esto se propone utilizar láminas de riego entre uno y 1.5 litros por planta por día.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i19.1180 La Calera Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 19, p. 75-80 / diciembre 2012
POTENCIAL FORRAJERO DEL TEOCINTLE ANUAL (Zea nicaraguensis ILTIS & BENZ)
Authors: Benavides-González Álvaro , Morán-Centeno Juan Carlos , Cisne-Contreras José , García Mendieta Diego , Martínez Canales Daniel , Rocha Molina Lester , Mendieta-Araica Bryan
Published: August 2013

El teocintle anual (Zea nicaraguensis Iltis & Benz) es una especie silvestre endémica de la Reserva de Recursos Genéticos de Apacunca (RRGA) en el nor-oeste de Nicaragua. Está emparentado con el maíz y tiene un alto potencial forrajero. En el estudio se evaluaron momentos de cortes en el teocintle, y relacionados con maíz (Zea mays L.) y sorgo forrajero (Sorghum vulgare). La degradabilidad de materia seca en bovinos fistulados de la raza Reyna fue determinada con la metodología de Orskov y McDonald (1979), así como análisis de varianza y categorización estadística (LSD, α=0.05). Los valores de análisis proximal fueron mayores en cortes realizados en los meses de junio y julio, y la materia seca en el teocintle fue menor al sorgo forrajero y maíz. El teocintle mostró valores similares de fibra al maíz y mayores al sorgo. La mayor tasa de degradación ruminal se da durante las primeras 24h. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v12i19.1181 La Calera Revista Científica Vol. 12. Nº 19, p. 81-85 / diciembre 2012
Dynamic performance of biosand filters
Authors: Lynn Thomas J. , Wanjugi Pauline , Harwood Valerie J. , Ergas Sarina J.
Published: August 2013

Biosand filters (BSFs) are point‐of‐use water treatment systems that can provide safe and affordable potable water to households in developing countries. However, little information is available on the dynamic performance of BSFs or for selecting local materials to use as filter media. In this study, water quality dynamics, biofilm characteristics, and hydraulic performance were investigated in two full‐scale BSFs. During four months of operation with sewage‐contaminated surface water, average log10 removals of 1.7, 1.2, and 0.6 were observed for Escherichia coli, total coliforms, and total heterotrophs, respectively. Average removal efficiencies for turbidity, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, and total organic carbon were 86, 36, and 27%, respectively. Dynamic analysis showed that significant removal of indicator organisms and total organic carbon occurred during the pause period between charging the BSFs. Biofilm characterization revealed that more particle‐associated biomass exists within the BSF column compared with the schmutzdecke layer.
Studying Bromine, Ozone, and Mercury Chemistry in the Arctic
Authors: Nghiem Son V. , Clemente‐Colón Pablo , Douglas Thomas , Moore Christopher , Obrist Daniel , Perovich Donald K. , Pratt Kerri A. , Rigor Ignatius G. , Simpson William , Shepson Paul B. , Steffen Alexandra , Woods John
Published: August 2013

Accentuated by a new record low in 2012, the springtime extent of Arctic perennial sea ice continues its precipitous decline. Consequently, the Arctic sea ice cover is increasingly dominated by seasonal sea ice, consisting of thinner and saltier ice with more leads (fractures), polynyas (areas of open water), nilas (sea ice crust less than about 10 centimeters thick), frost flowers (clusters of salty ice crystals on sea ice surface), and saline snow. The increase in the salinity of the sea ice cover is potentially conducive to ice‐mediated photochemical and meteorological processes leading to ozone (O3) and gaseous elemental mercury depletion from the atmosphere.
New EPA Director Calls Climate Change a Fundamental Economic Challenge
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: August 2013

“Climate change isn't an environmental issue; it is a fundamental economic challenge for us,” said Regina “Gina” McCarthy, the newly confirmed administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), during a 30 July speech at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. In this first public address since her confirmation on 18 July as the 13th EPA administrator, McCarthy insisted that protecting the environment makes good economic sense.
Kim Receives 2012 James R. Holton Junior Scientist Award: Response
Authors: Kim Daehyun
Published: August 2013

It is my great honor to be selected as a recipient of the James R. Holton Junior Scientist Award by AGU. I appreciate AGU and the award committee for the award. I first saw Professor Holton's name on his famous textbook when I was an undergraduate student. I remember his book made me think that atmospheric science was fun. I personally regard the prestigious award given to me as an encouraging message from the society, and I also feel that I have to pay back to the society in any way I can.
Marcellus Shale fracking waste caused earthquakes in Ohio
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: August 2013

Before January 2011, Youngstown, Ohio, had never had an earthquake since observations began in 1776. In December 2010 the Northstar 1 injection well came online; this well was built to pump wastewater produced by hydraulic fracturing projects in Pennsylvania into storage deep underground. In the year that followed, seismometers in and around Youngstown recorded 109 earthquakes—the strongest of the set being a magnitude 3.9 earthquake on 31 December 2011.
Androgen activity and markers of inflammation among men in NHANES III
Authors: Schooling C. Mary
Published: August 2013

Objectives

Inflammation contributes to chronic diseases. Lower serum testosterone among men is associated with less inflammation, yet immune defense is thought to trade‐off against reproduction with androgens adversely affecting immune function. Anti‐androgens are effective at castrate levels of serum testosterone, suggesting serum testosterone may not capture all androgen activity. The association of two androgen biomarkers with key markers of inflammation was examined.

Methods

The adjusted association of serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide with C‐reactive protein, white blood cell, granulocyte and lymphocyte count, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin, as a control outcome because testosterone administration raises hemoglobin, were examined in a nationally representative sample of 1,490 US men from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III phase 1 (1988–1991) using multivariable linear regression.

Results

Serum testosterone and androstanediol glucuronide were weakly correlated (0.13). Serum testosterone was associated with lower white blood cell count [−0.26 × 10−9 per standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.37 to −0.14] and granulocyte count (−0.21 × 10−9, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.13) but not with hemoglobin (0.02 g/l, 95% CI −0.89 to 0.92), adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol. Similarly adjusted, androstanediol glucuronide was not associated with white blood cell count (0.10 × 10−9, 95% CI −0.05 to −0.25), granulocyte count (0.12 × 10−9, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.25), or fibrinogen (0.05 g/l, 95% CI −0.004 to 0.11), but was with hemoglobin (0.70 g/l, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.32).

Conclusions

Different androgen biomarkers had different associations with inflammatory markers, highlighting the need to consider several androgen biomarkers. The possibility remains that androgens may generate inflammatory processes with implications for chronic diseases. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:622–628, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Achondroplasia with multiple‐suture craniosynostosis: A report of a new case of this rare association
Authors: Bessenyei Beáta , Nagy Andrea , Balogh Erzsébet , Novák László , Bognár László , Knegt Alida C. , Oláh Éva
Published: August 2013

We report on a female patient with an exceedingly rare combination of achondroplasia and multiple‐suture craniosynostosis. Besides the specific features of achondroplasia, synostosis of the metopic, coronal, lambdoid, and squamosal sutures was found. Series of neurosurgical interventions were carried out, principally for acrocephaly and posterior plagiocephaly. The most common achondroplasia mutation, a p.Gly380Arg in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, was detected. Cytogenetic and array CGH analyses, as well as molecular genetic testing of FGFR1, 2, 3 and TWIST1 genes failed to identify any additional genetic alteration. It is suggested that this unusual phenotype is a result of variable expressivity of the common achondroplasia mutation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
De novo 13q deletions in two patients with mild anorectal malformations as part of VATER/VACTERL and VATER/VACTERL‐like association and analysis of EFNB2 in patients with anorectal malformations
Authors: Dworschak Gabriel C. , Draaken Markus , Marcelis Carlo , de Blaauw Ivo , Pfundt Rolph , van Rooij Iris A.L.M. , Bartels Enrika , Hilger Alina , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Grasshoff‐Derr Sabine , Schmidt Dominik , Märzheuser Stefanie , Hosie Stuart , Weih Sandra , Holland‐Cunz Stefan , Palta Markus , Leonhardt Johannes , Schäfer Mattias , Kujath Christina , Rißmann Anke , Nöthen Markus M. , Zwink Nadine , Ludwig Michael , Reutter Heiko
Published: August 2013

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) comprise a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from mild anal anomalies to complex cloacal malformations. In 40–50% of cases, ARM occurs within the context of defined genetic syndromes or complex multiple congenital anomalies, such as VATER/VACTERL (vertebral defects [V], ARMs [A], cardiac defects [C], tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia [TE], renal malformations [R], and limb defects [L]) association. Here, we report the identification of deletions at chromosome 13q using single nucleotide polymorphism‐based array analysis in two patients with mild ARM as part of VATER/VACTERL and VATER/VACTERL‐like associations. Both deletions overlap the previously defined critical region for ARM. Heterozygous Efnb2 murine knockout models presenting with mild ARM suggest EFNB2 as an excellent candidate gene in this region. Our patients showed a mild ARM phenotype, closely resembling that of the mouse. We performed a comprehensive mutation analysis of the EFNB2 gene in 331 patients with isolated ARM, or ARM as part of VATER/VACTERL or VATER/VACTERL‐like associations. However, we did not identify any disease‐causing mutations. Given the convincing argument for EFNB2 as a candidate gene for ARM, analyses of larger samples and screening of functionally relevant non‐coding regions of EFNB2 are warranted. In conclusion, our report underlines the association of chromosome 13q deletions with ARM, suggesting that routine molecular diagnostic workup should include the search for these deletions. Despite the negative results of our mutation screening, we still consider EFNB2 an excellent candidate gene for contributing to the development of ARM in humans. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuromotor synapses in Escobar syndrome
Authors: Robinson Karyn G. , Viereck Matthew J. , Margiotta Megan V. , Gripp Karen W. , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , Akins Robert E.
Published: August 2013

The Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome (OMIM #265000) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the γ‐subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNG). CHRNG is expressed in fetal muscle during motor development and contributes to the formation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Anomalies in NMJ structure and function have not been investigated in patients with Escobar syndrome. We report five patients identified as having Escobar syndrome, from four families. In three families, the same mutation (c.459dupA) was identified in CHRNG. A biopsy from brachioradialis muscle was collected from a patient from one of these families and analyzed for NMJ organization using fluorescence microscopy. Compared to spinalis muscle from control patients with idiopathic scoliosis or cerebral palsy (CP), the patient with Escobar syndrome had a significantly higher degree of acetylcholine receptor present outside acetylcholinesterase and significantly less acetylcholinesterase outside acetylcholine receptors. Given the role of the acetylcholine receptor γ‐subunit in fetal neuromuscular signal transduction and in establishing the primary encounter of muscle and motor nerve terminal, the CHRNG mutations described in Escobar syndrome may cause a broader disruption of postsynaptic proteins and result in aberrant development of the NMJ due to impaired prenatal neuromuscular transmission and/or abnormal neuromuscular synaptogenesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Compatibilizing effect of halloysite nanotubes in polar–nonpolar hybrid system
Authors: Pal Parthajit , Kundu Mrinal Kanti , Malas Asish , Das Chapal Kumar
Published: August 2013

This article explores the effect of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and modified HNTs (M‐HNTs) on the properties of immiscible blend system based on polar polyoxymethylene (POM) and nonpolar polypropylene (PP) polymers. HNTs have been modified by N‐(β‐aminoethyl)‐γ‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). Modification is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), also FTIR confirms the interaction between polymer blend and HNTs/M‐HNTs. Morphology of the nanocomposites are demonstrated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dispersion of HNTs/M‐HNTs are observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In nanocomposites, average dispersed domain sizes reduce in the presence of HNTs/M‐HNTs but significant reduction has been observed in the case of M‐HNT‐filled nanocomposites rather than unmodified HNT‐filled nanocomposites. The M‐HNT acts as a reinforcing agent as well as bridging tool in polar–nonpolar hybrid system. Modification of HNTs brings compatibility in between the blend partners and reveals improved dynamic mechanical, thermal, and tensile properties than that of the pure blend system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39587.
A success story: water primroses, aquatic plant pests
Authors: Thouvenot Lise , Haury Jacques , Thiebaut Gabrielle
Published: August 2013

Aquatic ecosystems are currently invaded by non‐indigenous aquatic plants. A major challenge for biological invasion research is to develop the ability to predict the spread of species.

Throughout the world,Ludwigia peploidessubsp.montevidensisandLudwigia grandiflorasubsp.hexapetalaare now considered to be two of the most invasive aquatic plants. This paper reviews the scientific knowledge about these species, their ecological and socio‐economic impacts and methods of management.

Water primrose possesses some advantageous biological traits, such as rapid growth rate, efficient reproductive capacity, high plasticity in growth response, broad ecological tolerance and allelopathic compounds which might explain its expansion and colonization of numerous ecosystems.

Much attention must be paid toLudwigia grandiflorasubsp.hexapetalaandLudwigia peploidessubsp.montevidensis. According to climatic models, global warming will further increase the spread of these species in Europe.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.