bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geodynamic and seismological investigation of the South Hellenic Arc structure
Authors: Χατζόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει σεισμικά μοτίβα προσεισμών και μετασεισμών με το μοντέλο επιταχυνόμενης απελευθέρωσης σεισμικής ενέργειας και με τη προσέγγιση της μη εκτατικής στατιστικής φυσικής στο Νότιο Αιγαίο. Η σύγκλιση και η καταβύθιση της αφρικανικής λιθόσφαιρας κάτω από την πλάκα του Αιγαίου δημιουργεί το σεισμικά ενεργό Ελληνικό Τόξο. Ισχυροί σεισμοί συμβαίνουν συχνά, και υπάρχουν στοιχεία για μεγάλου μεγέθους σεισμού στο παρελθόν. Για την αξιολόγηση και την κατανόηση της πιθανότητας μεγάλου σεισμού, το μοντέλο επιταχυνόμενης απελευθέρωσης σεισμικής ενέργειας (ASR) έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί ως τεχνική εκτίμησης κινδύνου. Αυτή η μέθοδος χρησιμοποιεί μια εξίσωση νόμου ισχύος για να ποσοτικοποιήσει τη σωρευτική απελευθέρωση ενέργειας (ή την παραμόρφωση Benioff ή τα αριθμητικά γεγονότα) από τους σεισμούς που συμβαίνουν πριν από το μεγάλο συμβάν. Οι κύριοι σεισμοί θεωρούνται ως κρίσιμα σημεία ενώ οι προ-σεισμοί αποτελούν πρότυπο εξέλιξης των κρίσιμων φαινομένων. Ένα θεωρητικό μοντέλο που εξηγεί τη διαδικασία προετοιμασίας του σεισμού έχει προταθεί. Αυτό βασίζεται στους νόμους μεταφοράς της ενέργειας και στη μη εκτατική στατιστική φυσική. Οι αναλυτικές εκφράσεις του προτεινόμενου μοντέλου υποδεικνύουν την ύπαρξη ενός κοινού κρίσιμου εκθέτη στην εξίσωση του νόμου ισχύος ASR. Επιπλέον, ο κρίσιμος εκθέτης είναι ανεξάρτητος από το μετρούμενο μέγεθος και αντικατοπτρίζει τις φυσικές παραμέτρους της κρίσιμης περιοχής, όπως την Ευκλείδεια διάσταση, την b-value του Guttenberg-Richer και την εκτατικότητα του συστήματος κατά την περίοδο προετοιμασίας του μεγάλου σεισμού. Με αναδρομική ανάλυση, πραγματοποιήθηκε η αξιολόγηση του προτεινόμενου μοντέλου με τον εντοπισμό των κρίσιμων περιοχών για τρία ισχυρά γεγονότα στο Νότιο Αιγαίο. Οι παράμετροι των μετασεισμών των δύο ισχυρών σεισμών του 2013 και της σμηνοσειράς που έλαβε χώρα το 2016 προσδιορίστηκαν και επαναπροσδιορίστηκαν προκειμένου να αξιολογηθούν τα χωροχρονικά χαρακτηριστικά αυτών των ακολουθιών. Μηχανισμοί γένεσης και κάθετες τομές στο επίπεδο του ρήγματος παρέχονται για την εξέταση της χωρικής κατανομής των γεγονότων. Συνδυάζοντας τους λεπτομερείς καταλόγους μετασεισμών και προσεισμών, είναι δυνατό να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα τους μηχανισμούς ενεργοποίησης του ρήγματος. Επιπλέον, οι χρονικές διαφορές μεταξύ δύο συνεχών σεισμών (χρόνος παρεμβολής) έχουν εξεταστεί με τις ιδέες της μη εκτατικής στατιστικής φυσικής. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η χρήση μιας κατανομής του εντροπικού δείκτη q θα μπορούσε να εξηγήσει την εκτατικότητα του συστήματος καθώς η τιμή q ποικίλλει με το χρόνο. Η χρήση της μη εκτατικής στατιστικής φυσικής έχει σαφώς βοηθήσει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της συμπεριφοράς των σεισμικών προτύπων.
Immunohistochemistry localises myosin-7a to cochlear efferent boutons
Authors: Sirko Piotr , Kozlov Andrei S.
Published: January 2022

Background: Myosin 7a is an actin-binding motor protein involved in the formation of hair-cell stereocilia both in the cochlea and in the vestibular system. Mutations in myosin 7a are linked to congenital hearing loss and are present in 50% of Type-1 Usher syndrome patients who suffer from progressive hearing loss and vestibular system dysfunction.

Methods: Myosin 7a is often used to visualise sensory hair cells due to its well characterised and localised expression profile. We thus conducted myosin-7a immunostaining across all three turns of the adult rat organ of Corti to visualise hair cells.

Results: As expected, we observed myosin 7a staining in both inner and outer hair cells. Unexpectedly, we also observed strong myosin 7a staining in the medial olivocochlear efferent synaptic boutons contacting the outer hair cells. Efferent bouton myosin-7a staining was present across all three turns of the cochlea. We verified this localisation by co-staining with a known efferent bouton marker, the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.

Conclusions: In addition to its role in stereocilia formation and maintenance, myosin 7a or certain myosin-7a expression variants might play a role in efferent synaptic transmission in the cochlea and thus ultimately influence cochlear gain regulation. Our immunohistochemistry results should be validated with other methods to confirm these serendipitous findings.
Alternative Semantics for Normative Reasoning with an Application to Regret and Responsibility
Authors: Glavaničová Daniela , Pascucci Matteo
Published: January 2022

We provide a fine-grained analysis of notions of regret and responsibility (such as agent-regret and individual responsibility) in terms of a language of multimodal logic. This language undergoes a detailed semantic analysis via two sorts of models: (i) relating models, which are equipped with a relation of propositional pertinence, and (ii) synonymy models, which are equipped with a relation of propositional synonymy. We specify a class of strictly relating models and show that each synonymy model can be transformed into an equivalent strictly relating model. Moreover, we define an axiomatic system that captures the notion of validity in the class of all strictly relating models.
Christ’s Evolution of Moral Upbringing in the Light of Letters to Young People by Popes St. John Paul II and Francis
Authors: Cichosz Wojciech
Published: January 2022

The significant social, economic and cultural transformations taking place since the second half of the twentieth century reveal with increasing force that young people are diverging more and more from adults as far as ethics and morality are concerned. Contemporary reflection on morality is increasingly being expressed in the manifestation of individuals’ rights. This is the view of both the Letter to the Young People Parati semper by St. John Paul II (1985) and the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Christus vivit by Pope Francis (2019). The above papal documents will become the starting point for answering the following question: What does Christ propose in terms of morality?
Man is capable by nature (in his heart) of recognizing good and evil. Morality is then bound to keeping the Law, which, while being positive, is limited in time. Man’s coming to faith causes, as Pope Francis points out, the exhaustion of the Law’s propaedeutic value and, thus, gives way to another authority. The Law is still in force (the commandments continue to exist), but it has no justifying power. The one who justifies is Jesus Christ. In this context, it is crucial to answer the question regarding the stage of moral maturation: do I still need the Law, or perhaps I am already living in the love and freedom of a child of God. These levels of morality cannot, as postulated by St. John Paul II in Parati semper and Francis in Christus vivit, be treated as separate or contradictory, because both are necessary. Hence, one cannot reject and despise the commandments and, at the same time, keep them, even though they are not absolute, because salvation is in Jesus Christ.
A Criterion Space Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Mixed Integer Bilinear Maximum Multiplicative Programs
Authors: Mahmoodian Vahid , Dayarian Iman , Ghasemi Saghand Payman , Zhang Yu , Charkhgard Hadi
Published: January 2022

This study introduces a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve mixed-integer bilinear maximum multiplicative programs (MIBL-MMPs). This class of optimization problems arises in many applications, such as finding a Nash bargaining solution (Nash social welfare optimization), capacity allocation markets, reliability optimization, etc. The proposed algorithm applies multiobjective optimization principles to solve MIBL-MMPs exploiting a special characteristic in these problems. That is, taking each multiplicative term in the objective function as a dummy objective function, the projection of an optimal solution of MIBL-MMPs is a nondominated point in the space of dummy objectives. Moreover, several enhancements are applied and adjusted to tighten the bounds and improve the performance of the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is investigated by 400 randomly generated sample instances of MIBL-MMPs. The obtained result is compared against the outputs of the mixed-integer second order cone programming (SOCP) solver in CPLEX and a state-of-the-art algorithm in the literature for this problem. Our analysis on this comparison shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the fastest existing method, that is, the SOCP solver, by a factor of 6.54 on average.

Summary of Contribution: The scope of this paper is defined over a class of mixed-integer programs, the so-called mixed-integer bilinear maximum multiplicative programs (MIBL-MMPs). The importance of MIBL-MMPs is highlighted by the fact that they are encountered in applications, such as Nash bargaining, capacity allocation markets, reliability optimization, etc. The mission of the paper is to introduce a novel and effective criterion space branch-and-cut algorithm to solve MIBL-MMPs by solving a finite number of single-objective mixed-integer linear programs. Starting with an initial set of primal and dual bounds, our proposed approach explores the efficient set of the multiobjective problem counterpart of the MIBL-MMP through a criterion space–based branch-and-cut paradigm and iteratively improves the bounds using a branch-and-bound scheme. The bounds are obtained using novel operations developed based on Chebyshev distance and piecewise McCormick envelopes. An extensive computational study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Integração entre os multiletramentos e a educação midiática: saberes e práticas docentes na educação básica
Authors: Silva Jeanny Meiry Sombra , Neto Juliana Caetano , Pereira Thiago Henrique Valério , Arcega Francielle Aparecida Miquilini
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta o relato de uma prática didática desenvolvida na perspectiva da pedagogia dos multiletramentos e da integração curricular das tecnologias digitais. Os participantes foram 39 alunos do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola particular da capital de São Paulo que, num período de pouco mais de três meses, se envolveram num projeto integrado coordenado por professores de diferentes componentes curriculares. Este texto tem por objetivos relatar a percepção dos professores ao participarem dessa experiência didática; identificar quais foram os sentidos atribuídos pelos alunos e observar o que a produção deles revela sobre suas aprendizagens. Os dados foram coletados por meio de depoimentos em vídeos, questionário, produções discentes e diário de observação docente. Neste artigo analisamos os depoimentos dos alunos. O referencial teórico que fundamentou a prática e análise dos dados baseou-se na Pedagogia dos Multiletramentos e Educação Midiática. Os resultados apontam para as potencialidades da pedagogia dos multiletramentos e da educação midiática, de forma integrada ao conteúdo curricular, pois proporcionaram aos professores formas significativas de trabalhar conteúdos e, aos alunos, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e da criatividade, o aprendizado advindo do trabalho em equipe, o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, seleções de informações, produção de conteúdo e tomada de decisões.
Andarilhar pandêmico em foto-poéticas rizomáticas
Authors: Sales Tiago Amaral , Rigue Fernanda Monteiro
Published: January 2022

Em meio ao caos pandêmico, nos colocamos atentos aos nossos trajetos e à vida que urgia. A partir dessa qualidade da atenção e contaminados por leituras da Filosofia da Diferença, realizamos registros fotográficos e, posteriormente, experimentações visuais com estas fotos, criando narrativas rizomáticas ao andarilhar pelos nossos territórios de pesquisa-vida, criando paisagens outras.
Dimensões semióticas da relação processual
Authors: Dantas Silva Yuri De Olveira
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é a análise da relação processual a partir dos planos da linguagem. Como método é utilizada a Teoria Analítica da Norma Jurídica, nossa matriz epistemológica. A nível sintático destaca-se o mínimo formal da relação processual; a nível semântico às variáveis são atribuídos significados; a nível pragmático destaca-se o uso e a finalidade da relação processual.
As audiências de instrução e julgamento por videoconferência: uma análise empírica
Authors: Alves Lucélia De Sena
Published: January 2022

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe enormes desafios aos operadores do direito, no sentido de se desenvolver soluções para a manutenção do andamento processual. Embora boa parte dos processos judiciais já tramitassem no formato eletrônico, alguns atos ainda eram realizados de forma presencial, como as audiências. O Conselho Nacional de Justiça instituiu as audiências por videoconferência. Entretanto, a análise de casos sugere a necessidade de aprimoramento destas audiências. O objetivo do presente artigo é, por meio da análise empírica de alguns casos noticiados na mídia, analisar a compatibilidade das audiências de instrução e julgamento com o devido processo constitucional.
SISTEMAS PROCESSUAIS PENAIS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO SISTEMA BRASILEIRO.
Authors: Coltro Rafael Khalil
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo busca fazer uma análise crítica acerca do funcionamento atual do sistema processual penal brasileiro, sendo que, em um primeiro momento, o artigo introduz, de forma sintetizada, quais são os principais sistemas processuais penais que são mais comumente estudados pela doutrina, denominados Sistema Acusatório, Sistema Inquisitório e Sistema Processual Misto, elucidando quais são as diferenças entre os três sistemas processuais penais, para, a partir de então, realizar uma abordagem crítica sobre qual o sistema processual penal adotado no Brasil, e analisar se a sua aplicabilidade vem sendo exercida dentro dos ditames estipulados pela carta magna de 1988.
ÉTICA E INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL: UNA MIRADA DESDE EL PROCESO JURISDICCIONAL
Authors: Vadell Lorenzo Bujosa
Published: January 2022

No presente artigo, o autor aborda sobre o uso da inteligência artificial pelo processo jurisdicional e trata das questões éticas envolvidas no tema, bem como a magnitude dos riscos que deverão ser enfrentados para aproveitar as virtudes dos avanços tecnológicos no processo, sem cair em violações dramáticas éticas de garantias consolidadas no ordenamento jurídico.
SOBREPARTILHA NO INVENTÁRIO
Authors: Mazzei Rodrigo Reis
Published: January 2022

O Código de Processo Civil de 2015 traz, em seus artigos 669 e 670, disposições acerca da sobrepartilha de bens no inventário. Contudo, há de se ter em mente que o Código Civil de 2002 também já tratava do assunto. Em suma, a sobrepartilha consiste em uma nova distribuição de bens e/ou direitos do espólio que não foram objeto de partilha anterior ocorrida em inventário causa mortis já encerrado. Em outras palavras, a sobrepartilha é um inventário de natureza suplementar, impulsionado e justificado por nova arrecadação de bens e/ou direitos que não foram alcançados pelo desfecho do inventário já encerrado
Vocal Fold Vibration Characteristics during SOVTE using a Vibration Simulator and Digital Kymography
Authors: Kim Ji Sung , Choi Seong Hee , Lee Kyungjae , Choi Chul-Hee , Wang Soo-Geun , Lee Dong-Wook
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of vocal fold vibration during sustained vowel /a/ phonation and various semi-occluded vocal tract exercise (SOVTEs) using a vibration simulator and digital kymography (DKG).Methods: A total of 12 normal young speakers (6 males, 6 females) aged 20-30 years participated in the study. They phonated a sustained /a/ vowel and performed SOVTE. The vocal fold vibration characteristics were measured according to the number of vibration sources (single vs. double), and vocal tract occlusion degree using a vibration simulator and DKG. Glottal gap quotient (GQ, %), speed quotient (SQ, %) and amplitude (pixel) were estimated quantitatively from the DKG image.Results: The results showed that significantly higher GQ (p = .000) and SQ (p = .000) were observed in the humming and bilabial fricative /β/ compared to open vowels. The amplitude was significantly higher in the open vowel /a/ than in humming (p = .018) and bilabial fricative /β/ (p = .003). Also, when comparing the vocal fold vibration parameters according to vibration type (single source: straw phonation vs. double source: straw phonation with water), the double source presented a significantly higher GQ (p = .000) as well as SQ (p = .008) in comparison with a single source.Conclusion: SOVTE showed a glottal gap that is different from the opened vowel /a/. It also had a longer opening of the vocal fold and a smaller amplitude than the vowel. This suggests that SOVTE may be helpful for facilitating vocal fold vibration and good voice quality in clinical practice. The current study can be meaningful in providing theoretical and clinical evidence for SOVTE.
Comparison of Voice-Related Quality of Life for the Elderly with and without Voice Disorders According to Genders by Aging Voice Index-Korean Version
Authors: Pyo Hwa-Young , Lim Jae-Yol , Lim Sung-Eun , Lee Seung Jin
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the effect of voice problems on voice related quality of life in the elderly with, without voice disorders, according to genders by using the Aging Voice Index-Korean version (AVI-KR).Methods: The AVI-KR, a translated original version of the Aging Voice Index (AVI) into Korean and verified for reliability and validity, was implemented with 50 elderly people without voice disorders (normal group) and 76 elderly people with voice disorders (patient group). Statistical difference according to the group (normal and patient group) and gender (male and female) were analyzed by using a 2-way ANOVA.Results: The mean total score of the AVI-KR of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the patient group. All of the normal group participants showed under 11.00, the cut-off score of AVI-KR, but 17.1% of the patient group appeared under the cut-off score. The female group showed higher scores than the male group, but the difference was not significant. Also, the gender difference of patient groups did not show a statistical significance.Conclusion: The voice-related quality of life in elderly people showed significant difference according to presence/absence of pathological vocal fold status, but the gender difference due to aging did not cause a difference in voice-related quality of life. Even pathological status of vocal fold did not guarantee a bad influence on voice-related quality of life. Therefore, the assessment of elderly people’s voice problems should be carried out not only with an examiner or expert-centered objective tools; but also patient-centered ones, including self-reporting questionnaires and evaluation tools specialized for the elderly, should be developed continuously.
A Novel Approach of ECG Signal Enhancement Using Adaptive Filter Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Lakhera Nidhi , R Verma A , Gupta Bhumika , Singh Patel Surjeet
Published: January 2022

An Electro cardiogram is commonly used in biomedical signal processing. It is used to monitor minor electrical changes in the human body. The electrical changes originate due to the function of heart. The anomalies of heart are found by ECG. In this work the Whale optimization algorithm is used to de-noising the ECG signal. The Whale optimization algorithm is used with Adaptive filter which filter the corrupted ECG signal. The performance of the ANC will be improved by calculating the optimum weight value. The WOA technique gives the best result on the different fidelity parameter compare to PSO, MPSO and ABC. The WOA technique gives the significant improvement in accuracy. It gives a good SNR, MSE, ME result compare to PSO, MPSO and ABC. The WOA gives 80% improvement in SNR 88% in MSE and 89% in ME as compared to PSO. So, by using WOA we get a desired ECG component. The WOA reduces the noise in ECG signal and improves the quality of signal.
Clinical Role of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Assessment in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Mohamed Nahla A. , Youness Eman Refaat
Published: January 2022

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder that may be associated with higher rate of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients admitted to intensive care unit with sepsis. Usage of different biomarkers may be helpful for early detection and appropriate management of sepsis. Our objectives was to investigate the role of serum lactate dehydrogenase in prediction of sepsis in critical pediatric patients, and its relation with prognostic scoring systems. A prospective cohort study was conducted at El Galaa teaching hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. A total of 168 pediatric patients were divided into the septic group (84) critically ill patients with sepsis from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)] and control group (84 stable patients admitted to the inpatient word). Demographic and clinical data were collected, routine laboratory investigation including LDH on admission and after 24 hours were performed. Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISMIII) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) were assessed. Serum LDH level was significantly higher in septic group than control (P=0.000) and in non-survivor than survivor group (P=0.000). Also there was statistically significant correlation between survivor and non-survivor as regarding length of hospitality, pSOFA score and PRISMIII score. There was statistically significant positive correlation between LDH, PRISMIII (r=0.842, P<0.001) and pSOFA (r=0.785, P<0.001). We concluded that LDH is a useful marker in predicting of sepsis in critically ill pediatric patients especially when combined with prognostic scoring systems.
Development of SarS-Cov-2 antigen Detection Kit Based on Immunoglobulin Y (Igy) Using Surface Plasmon resonance (SPr)
Authors: Alhakimi Thyazen , Subroto Toto , Yusuf Muhammad , Arnafia Wyanda , Maskoen Ani Melani , Gumilar Gilang , Suwendar Suwendar , Anshori Isa
Published: January 2022

SARS disease reappeared at the end of 2019 with a new name as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a new virus called SARS-CoV-2. This virus has spread throughout the world until recently and caused massive deaths and losses. The nucleic acid test in the form of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is very important to diagnose COVID-19 in patients, but this method has several drawbacks such as operators who have to be trained, the diagnosis results appear in a relatively long time, and the examination price relatively expensive. This research was conducted to produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) extracted from chicken egg yolk targeting the S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) on SARS-CoV-2 as a component of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection kit. This research was started by extracting IgY from hyperimmune chicken egg yolks with the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method and continued with dialysis. The extracted IgY was further purified using thiophilic adsorption chromatography and concentrated by using Amicon® Ultra-15 ultrafiltration. The IgY activity against SARS-CoV-2 RBD was tested qualitatively using the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) technique and the total protein content was determined using the Lowry method. IgY was tested for its affinity against SARS-CoV-2 RBD using SPR. The IgY concentration obtained was 11 mg/mL. The AGPT result showed the presence of IgY activity against SARS-CoV-2 RBD isolated from egg yolk and chicken serum after 8 weeks after the first vaccination of chickens. The SDS-PAGE results showed a very clear band of IgY characters. The obtained IgY showed adequate interaction with commercial SARS-CoV-2 RBD on an SPR device. The purified IgY was able to bind with protein-S RBD and showed a fairly good affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen sample. The results of these observations indicate that IgY anti-S-protein SARS-CoV-2 can be produced and purified from chicken egg yolk and can be used as a diagnostic component to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen, especially on SPR.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Screening of Datura stramonium by TLC and GC-MS: A Forensic Approach
Authors: Yadav Baljeet , Singla Anu , Srivastava Neeharika , Gupta Pawan
Published: January 2022

Forensic Botany helps in linking the location, type of crime, revealing modus Operandi, culprit as well as victim by various circumstantial facts. In the study, Datura stramonium was considered as major plant of Bundelkhand region encountered in poisoning cases in criminal Investigations. Datura plant was identified and its fresh leaves were washed to remove dirt, stored at 40C and were subjected to microscopic examination for botanical features, preliminary screening for alkaloids identification and chromatographic techniques such as TLC and GCMS for qualitative analysis of toxins present in the plant. The result showed that all techniques applied are suitable to identify the plant through botanical derived evidences such as leaf traces, resins, or plant extracts during the crime scene investigations. GCMS technique identified the main toxins and resulted that it contains high concentration of hyoscine and very fatal when administered eventually causes death.
Effectiveness of Cryokinetics in Comparison with Effectiveness of Ultrasound Therapy in Treatment of Acute Supraspinatus Tendonitis
Authors: R. Raja R. Raja , Huddar Varsha
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Cryokinetics and Ultrasound therapy in treating supraspinatus tendinitis as measured by Visual analogue Scale (VAS) and 1 RM (Repetition Maximum. A sample of 60 patients with acute supraspinatus tendinitis with an experimental comparative study design. Patients who visited out patient department of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both the groups were treated 5 times per week for three weeks. Patients were evaluated with VAS and 1RM on day 1st, 15th day and end of third week. The values are statistically analyzed to determine their effect in reducing pain and improving muscle strength. Results: The two-intervention group showed significant improvement when the pre and post values were analyzed for VAS and 1RM with significant p value (p<0.05). But inter group comparisons showed cryokinetics group to be more effective (p < 0.05) than ultrasound therapy group for all outcome parameters.
Optimization for maximum modulation of a double-pass twisted nematic liquid crystal display
Authors: Bordakevich Sebastián , Rebón Lorena , Ledesma Silvia
Published: January 2022

Spatial light modulators are widely used to perform modulations of different properties of the electromagnetic field. In this work, a simple optimization method for general double-pass setups was developed. It takes into account the involved polarizing elements and displays, and a numerical simulation based on an exhaustive search routine finds the optimal optical axis orientations of the polarizing elements for the desired modulation. By simultaneously considering both impingements, we are able to take full advantage of the modulation capabilities of the chosen spatial light modulators. In particular, different polarization modulations and complex amplitude modulations were studied for twisted nematic liquid crystal displays and passive linear optical elements. Examples of different optimization criteria are shown and compared with experimental results, supporting the feasibility of this approach. This method offers the possibility of independent modulation of two properties of the input light state, outperforming the use of a single screen.
Grouping design method dependence on an illumination system and large off-axis distance for an anamorphic extreme ultraviolet lithography objective
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Yanqiu , Liu Lihui , Liu Ke
Published: January 2022

High-numerical-aperture (NA) anamorphic extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the next-generation technology to achieve a 3 nm node and below. Current EUVL anamorphic projection objectives in publications are designed with small off-axis distance of the field of view (FOV). Further, the ray path of the illumination system will be obscured by the last mirror of the objective. In fact, as the NA increases, the diameter of the last mirror of the objective becomes larger. Thus, the off-axis distance of the FOV should be larger to ensure that the ray path of the illumination system is not obscured by the objective. It is well known that the design of an anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance is very challenging. In this paper, a high-NA anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance is designed. The value of the large off-axis distance that satisfies the unobscured constraint is first analyzed. Then an

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demagnification isomorphic objective with large off-axis distance is designed by a grouping design process. Finally, the XY polynomial surface is adopted to achieve a

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demagnification perpendicular to the scanning direction. This method is implemented to design a NA 0.55 anamorphic EUVL objective with large off-axis distance. The performance of the designed objective demonstrates that this design method is very effective and will provide a good structure of the objective for the illumination system design.
Modulation format identification using the Calinski–Harabasz index
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Yue Zixian , Ye Jinmei , Xu Hengying , Wang Yuxiang , Zhang Xiaoguang , Xi Lixia
Published: January 2022

Modulation format identification (MFI) is a key technology in optical performance monitoring for the next-generation optical network, such as the intelligent cognitive optical network. An MFI scheme based on the Calinski–Harabasz index for a polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) optical fiber communication system is proposed. The numerical simulations were carried out on a 28 Gbaud PDM communication system. The results show that the required minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio values of each modulation format to achieve 100% identification accuracy are all equal to or lower than their corresponding 7% forward error correction thresholds, and the proposed scheme is robust to residual chromatic dispersion. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme was further verified by 20 Gbaud PDM-QPSK/16QAM/32QAM long-haul fiber transmission experiments. The results show that the scheme has a good reliability when fiber non-linear impairments exist. In addition, the complexity of the scheme is significantly lower than that of other clustering-based MFI schemes.
Inverse problem solver for multiple light scattering using modified Born series
Authors: Lee Moosung , Hugonnet Hervé , Park YongKeun
Published: January 2022

The inverse scattering problem, whose goal is to reconstruct an unknown scattering object from its scattered wave, is essential in fundamental wave physics and its wide applications in imaging sciences. However, it remains challenging to invert multiple scattering accurately and efficiently. Here, we exploit the modified Born series to demonstrate an inverse problem solver that efficiently and directly computes inverse multiple scattering without making any assumptions. The inversion process is based on a physically intuitive approach and can be easily extended to other exact forward solvers. We utilize the proposed method in optical diffraction tomography and numerically and experimentally demonstrate 3D reconstruction of optically thick specimens with higher fidelity than those obtained using conventional methods based on the weak scattering approximation.
Torsional optomechanical cooling of a nanofiber
Authors: Su Dianqiang , Solano Pablo , Wack Jeffrey D. , Orozco Luis A. , Zhao Yanting
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the optomechanical cooling of a tapered optical nanofiber by coupling the polarization of light to the mechanical angular momentum of the system. The coupling is enabled by birefringence in the fiber and does not make use of an optical resonator. We find evidence for cooling in the distribution of thermally driven amplitude fluctuations and the noise spectrum of the torsional modes. Our proof-of-principle demonstration shows cavity-less cooling of the torsional degree of freedom of a macroscopically extended nanofiber.
Modelling the epidemiology of malaria and spread of HRP2-negative Plasmodium falciparum following the replacement of HRP2-detecting rapid diagnostic tests
Authors: Chaudhry Alisha , Cunningham Jane , Cheng Qin , Gatton Michelle L.
Published: January 2022

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are dominated by products which use histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) to detect Plasmodium falciparum. The emergence of parasites lacking the pfhrp2 gene can lead to high rates of false-negative results amongst these RDTs. One solution to restore the ability to correctly diagnose falciparum malaria is to switch to an RDT which is not solely reliant on HRP2. This study used an agent-based stochastic simulation model to investigate the impact on prevalence and transmission caused by switching the type of RDT used once false-negative rates reached pre-defined thresholds within the treatment-seeking symptomatic population. The results show that low transmission settings were the first to reach the false-negative switch threshold, and that lower thresholds were typically associated with better long-term outcomes. Changing the diagnostic RDT away from a HRP2-only RDT is predicted to restore the ability to correctly diagnose symptomatic malaria infections, but often did not lead to the extinction of HRP2-negative parasites from the population which continued to circulate in low density infections, or return to the parasite prevalence and transmission levels seen prior to the introduction of the HRP2-negative parasite. In contrast, failure to move away from HRP2-only RDTs leads to near fixation of these parasites in the population, and the inability to correctly diagnose symptomatic cases. Overall, these results suggest pfhrp2-deleted parasites are likely to become a significant component of P. falciparum parasite populations, and that long-term strategies are needed for diagnosis and surveillance which do not rely solely on HRP2.
Lack of knowledge is the leading key for the growing cervical cancer incidents in Bangladesh: A population based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Alam Nur E. , Islam Md. Shariful , Rayyan Fabia , Ifa Humaira Nur , Khabir Md Imam Ul , Chowdhury Kamal , Mohiuddin A. K. M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer in Bangladesh. Lack of awareness of screening methods, risk factors, and symptoms may lead to presenting most cervical cancers at an advanced stage. We investigated knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer (CCa) among females at the Sheikh Hasina Medical College (SHMC) of Tangail district in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross sectional survey was conducted to collect data via a structured questionnaire from SHMC during the period of February 2019 to January 2020. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with having heard and knowledge of cervical cancer. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Result

Of all the interviews conducted, only 45.2% (493/1090) had heard of cervical cancer as a disease. Women were more likely to be aware of CCa if they were lived in urban areas, had higher education (university level education) and belong to high income families. The study revealed evidence of significant association between marital, literacy, residence and socio-economic status with women’s knowledge on cervical cancer (p< 0.05).

Conclusion

This study serves to highlight that there was impoverished knowledge about cervical cancer among Bangladeshi women. Hence, this indicates the government should take proper steps to raise awareness and knowledge levels via educational programs and health counseling.
Disease characteristics and serological responses in patients with differing severity of COVID-19 infection: A longitudinal cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Afroza , Ahmed Tasnuva , Tauheed Imam , Akhtar Marjahan , Rahman Sadia Isfat Ara , Khaton Fatema , Ahmmed Faisal , Ferdous Jannatul , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Kawser Zannat , Hossain Mohabbat , Khondaker Rabeya , Hasnat Mohammad Abul , Sumon Mostafa Aziz , Rashed Asif , Ghosh Shuvro , Calderwood Stephen B. , Charles Richelle C. , Ryan Edward T. , Khatri Purvesh , Maecker Holden Terry , Obermoser Gerlinde , Pulendran Bali , Clemens John D. , Banu Sayera , Shirin Tahmina , LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Chowdhury Fahima , Qadri Firdausi
Published: January 2022

Background

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease and can cause fatal and devastating outcome in many cases. In this study, we have compared the clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters across the different disease spectrum of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi patients.

Methodology/Principal findings

This longitudinal study was conducted in two COVID-19 hospitals and also around the community in Dhaka city in Bangladesh between November 2020 to March 2021. A total of 100 patients with COVID-19 infection were enrolled and classified into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe cases (n = 25/group). In addition, thirty age and sex matched healthy participants were enrolled and 21 were analyzed as controls based on exclusion criteria. After enrollment (study day1), follow-up visits were conducted on day 7, 14 and 28 for the cases.

Older age, male gender and co-morbid conditions were the risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. Those with moderate and severe cases of infection had low lymphocyte counts, high neutrophil counts along with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at enrollment; this decreased to normal range within 42 days after the onset of symptom. At enrollment, D-dimer, CRP and ferritin levels were elevated among moderate and severe cases. The mild, moderate, and severe cases were seropositive for IgG antibody by day 14 after enrollment. Moderate and severe cases showed significantly higher IgM and IgG levels of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 compared to mild and asymptomatic cases.

Conclusion/Significance

We report on the clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters associated with the different severity of COVID-19 infection. We also show different profile of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in relation to disease severity, especially in those with moderate and severe disease manifestations compared to the mild and asymptomatic infection.
Gastric motility and pulmonary function in children with functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma: A pathophysiological study
Authors: Kumari Manori Vijaya , Amarasiri Lakmali , Rajindrajith Shaman , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri
Published: January 2022

Background

An association has been shown between functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and asthma. However, the exact reason for this association is obscured. The main objective of this study is to identify the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the association between FAPDs and asthma using gastric motility and lung function tests.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional comparative study that consisted of four study groups. Twenty-four children (age 7–12 years) each were recruited for four study groups; asthma only, FAPDs only, both asthma and FAPDs, and healthy controls. Asthma was diagnosed using the history and bronchodilator reversibility test. The diagnosis of FAPDs was made using Rome IV criteria. All subjects underwent ultrasound assessment of gastric motility and pulmonary function assessment by spirometry, using validated techniques.

Results

All gastric motility parameters, gastric emptying rate, amplitude of antral contraction, and antral motility index, were significantly impaired in children with FAPDs only, children with asthma only, and children with both asthma & FAPDs, compared to controls (p<0.05). Pulmonary function parameters indicating airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate, FEF25-75%) were not impaired in children with FAPDs only compared to controls (p>0.05), but significantly impaired in children with asthma and children with both disorders. Antral motility index correlated with the FEV1/FVC ratio (r= 0.60,p= 0.002) and FEF25%-75% (r= 0.49,p= 0.01) in children with both asthma and FAPDs.

Conclusions

Gastric motor functions were significantly impaired in children with asthma, children with FAPDs, and children with both disorders. Motility index, measuring overall gastric motor activity, showed a significant positive correlation with lung function parameters that measure airflow limitation. Therefore, these diseases might arise as a result of primary disturbance of smooth muscle activity in the airways and gastrointestinal wall, which could be a possible pathophysiological mechanism for this association between asthma and FAPDs.
Incidence of COVID-19 reinfection among Midwestern healthcare employees
Authors: Rivelli Anne , Fitzpatrick Veronica , Blair Christopher , Copeland Kenneth , Richards Jon
Published: January 2022

Given the overwhelming worldwide rate of infection and the disappointing pace of vaccination, addressing reinfection is critical. Understanding reinfection, including longevity after natural infection, will allow us to better know the prospect of herd immunity, which hinges on the assumption that natural infection generates sufficient, protective immunity. The primary objective of this observational cohort study is to establish the incidence of reinfection of COVID-19 among healthcare employees who experienced a prior COVID-19 infection over a 10-month period. Of 2,625 participants who experienced at least one COVID-19 infection during the 10-month study period, 156 (5.94%) experienced reinfection and 540 (20.57%) experienced recurrence after prior infection. Median days were 126.50 (105.50–171.00) to reinfection and 31.50 (10.00–72.00) to recurrence. Incidence rate of COVID-19 reinfection was 0.35 cases per 1,000 person-days, with participants working in COVID-clinical and clinical units experiencing 3.77 and 3.57 times, respectively, greater risk of reinfection relative to those working in non-clinical units. Incidence rate of COVID-19 recurrence was 1.47 cases per 1,000 person-days. This study supports the consensus that COVID-19 reinfection, defined as subsequent infection ≥ 90 days after prior infection, is rare, even among a sample of healthcare workers with frequent exposure.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Work with Teacher Assistants: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   Monash University, Jackson Claire , Sharma Umesh ,   Monash University, Odier-Guedj Delphine ,   Monash University, Deppeler Joanne ,   Monash University
Published: January 2022

With the number of teacher assistants (TAs) employed in schools steadily increasing, most teachers are likely to work with a TA at various times throughout their career. International research indicates there is scope for teachers to enhance their work with TAs. This systematic review examines teachers’ perceptions of their work with TAs. Twenty-six studies were reviewed to gain insight into teachers’ thoughts, beliefs and/or impressions of their work with TAs. Ten perceptions of teachers relating to the manner in which they work with TAs were identified and further categorised into four key themes of roles and responsibilities, planning and pedagogy, leadership, and interpersonal relationships. Implications from the review highlight a need for schools and universities to reconsider teacher preparation and ongoing training with respect to teachers’ work with TAs.
Protrusions designs of AFRP to eliminate slippage of bonding adhesive
Authors: Abdel Rahim Khalid Abdel Naser
Published: January 2022

A presentation of a new innovative smart designs of protrusions in Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (AFRP) which could lead the manufacturing industry of AFRP to a new era. The classic straight AFRP strips has a major disadvantage when externally bonded with other engineering materials using bonding adhesive. When exposed to high temperatures, the bonding adhesive slides causing a weak bondage or a complete debonding in some cases between the AFRP and engineering material surfaces. Thus, the purpose of protrusions in AFRP laminates is to eliminate the slippage of the bonding adhesive between the AFRP strips and other engineering material surfaces. This takes place by eliminating the frictional factor between the surfaces of AFRP laminate and bonded engineering material.
Walking the Walk: Democratizing Change in Teacher Education
Authors: Beasy Kim , Hunter Mary Ann , Hicks David , Pullen Darren , Brett Peter , Thomas Damon , Reaburn Robyn , Baker William , Fan Frances , Cruickshank Vaughan , Stephenson Elspeth , Hatisaru Vesife
Published: January 2022

In this essay, as a group of teacher educators, we discuss our experience of “walking the walk” of teacher education transformation at a time of urgent change. We reflect upon our process of integrating three key priorities in our preservice teacher education courses: education for sustainability; trauma-informed practice; and Indigenizing curriculum. Specifically, we reflect on how these processes were adapted according to the needs of individual courses and units, while at the same time making space for our strengths and our “unlearnings” as academics, and for the ethical considerations that troubled us. In this essay, we explore walking the walk of change and integrating social, environmental, and cultural justice principles in our work together toward equipping and enabling new teachers to be themselves agents of change.
Proposal of a Dynamic Algorithm for the Maintenance and Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: López Ayala Carlos Andrés , Jurado Valbuena Wilson , Lopez Santana Eduyn Ramiro
Published: January 2022

Context:  In the context of business organizations, every process in which the product is immersed has a cost and time associated with it. The area of maintenance planning and scheduling is no exception; however, it is an aspect in which few companies specialize, tending to be outsourced. In this sense, the application of combinatorial models is a tool with a high potential to improve the overall performance of the organization through the understanding of the integral maintenance process.
Method: A two-phase (maintenance and routing) dynamic algorithm is proposed which considers a set of clients distributed in a maintenance network (distance), where each of the technicians start from the same central node (depot), which, in turn, is the endpoint of each assigned route. The objective is to minimize the total cost associated with the development of preventive and corrective maintenance of all machines to be evaluated. With this purpose, the formulation of the mathematical problem for each of the phases and its interrelation method is proposed. Then, performance measures are expressed to evaluate the achieved objectives.
Results: The results satisfy a consistent alternative for the resolution of problems of the NP-Hard type, which generates a high level of complexity to the model. That is, it proposes a tool for solving problems of these characteristics in low computational response times and with appealing results.
Conclusions: The combined maintenance and routing model using a dynamic algorithm addresses the maintenance and routing problem satisfactorily. The model shows good results with respect to the comparison optimization model in percentage gaps of performance measures lower than 5%. As for the computational time required, a reduction of up to 98% was achieved, which makes it an ideal alternative for highly complex scenarios. Finally, achieving a higher level of characterization, employing multi-objective decision criteria and a greater number of constraints to the problem, is proposed in future research.
Acknowledgements: To the High-Performance Computing Center (CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño) of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas for their support, as well as for providing us with a virtual machine to run the proposed mathematical model, which was an essential element in the results obtained.