bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing productive capacity of crested wheatgrass varieties in the southern forest-steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic
Authors: Nizaieva Asiya , Akchurin Rifkat , Biktimirov Rifkhat , Musin Rasul , Malyshev Leonid
Published: July 2021

Crested wheatgrass being high drought-resistant, is a promising forage crop for the Republic of Bashkortostan. It is relevant in developing varieties adapted to the environmental stress factors that have productive longevity, increased seed and fodder productivity. The paper presents the research results of crested wheatgrass varieties conducted in the nursery of competitive variety testing for seed productivity in 2018-2020. High seed productivity due to well-developed tillering capacity, powerful heads and large seeds of cultivars like Batyr, Brodskii crested, Parkway indicate their adaptation to local conditions and make them promising varieties for further study.
Some indices of metabolism in young cows suffering from ketosis
Authors: Trebukhov Aleksey , Momot Nadezhda , Kolina Yuliya , Chekunkova Yuliya , Terebova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The key sector that ensures the country’s food security is a comprehensive enhancement of livestock raising, including animal husbandry. The intensification of dairy production leads to increased metabolic stress in animals. Under such conditions, any technological failure can result in a disorder of the metabolism in cows and the development of metabolic diseases, including ketosis (acetonemia). Ketone bodies in the calf’s body produce an intoxicating effect on its body. The purpose of the study was to analyze the metabolism of young animals (calves) from cows with ketosis. The studies were performed on two groups of newborn young black-and-white breeds. In the biochemical assay of blood, the indicators of protein metabolism (total protein, albumins, globulins), glucose, acetone (ketone) bodies, triglycerides were considered, which were fulfilled on the selected young animals at the age of 3, 10 and 15 days. It was revealed that the condition of the metabolic processes in the body of young cows with ketosis differs considerably from the studied indicators of the metabolism of young cows of healthy cattle. By the 15th day of life, the following indicators were found in the blood of young cows with ketosis: total protein-56.3±2.7 g / l, albumins-57.40±4.14%, betta-globulins-20.59±5.84%, gamma-globulins-11.42±1.66 %, triglycerides-0.44±0.02 mmol/l, acetone bodies-1.26 ±0.06 mmol/l, glucose-5.54±0.25 mmol/l. Conclusion: the calves with metabolic pathology are born from cows with ketosis. It is characterized by dysproteinemia, a high content of ketones and a lower concentration of triglycerides in the blood comparing to the similar animals born from healthy cows.
Comparative evaluation of russian black pied and holstein cattle breeds of foreign breeding
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Gorelik А.S. , Tokoreva M.A. , Sorokina N.I. , Mkrtchyan G.V. , Mukhtarova O.M.
Published: July 2021

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.
Results of studies of the influence of phytopreparations on cows and calfs
Authors: Kozyr V.S. , Antonenko P.P. , Suslova N.I. , Mylostyvyi R.V.
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To establish the influence of the “Phytochol”, “Phytopunk” and “Gastroacide” phytopreparations developed by the authors on the reproductive function of cows, resistance and safety for calves. Methods. Biological, biochemical, hematological, immunological, analytical, biometric, zootechnical. Results. It has been established that in homeopathic doses, the studied drugs are non-toxic, have a wide range of pharmacological effects and contain biologically active substances that have strengthening, tonic properties, metabolism normalizing in the “cow-calf” biochemical system. Conclusions. To normalize the reproductive function of cows, it is advisable to use “Phytochol”and “Phytopunk”. The resistance of newborn calves is strengthened by feeding them “Phytopunk” and “Gastroacide”. The productivity of young cattle can be increased by introducing the drug “Phytochol” into the ration. The use of phytopreparations “Phytopunk”, “Phytochol” in homeopathic doses in cattle breeding contributes to a more efficient management of the industry.
Reducing the soil structure destruction along the rut and increasing the traction properties of the tractor by using the rear grouser of the track link
Authors: Kozhanov V.N. , Rusanov M.A. , Shtyka M.G. , Kukhar V.S.
Published: July 2021

The traditionally used mixed grouser of the metal track link causes a decrease in the traction qualities of the agricultural tractor. The use of a rear grouser on the track link, in our opinion, will significantly improve the traction properties of an agricultural tractor with a metal track and reduce the soil destruction. When the rear grouser is immersed in the soil, an additional horizontal deformation of the soil occurs, which changes the law of horizontal deformation distribution along the support surface of the trackdrive, which ensures the alignment of the link shares in the implementation of the tangential traction force. This leads not only to a reduction in the trackdrive skidding, but also to a reduction in tractor rolling losses. Comparative tests of the T-4A tractor with a serial track, and a track on which links the front grousers were removed showed that the maximum traction power increases from 59 to 65 kW, the skidding with a hook load of 40 kN decreases from 14.6 to 9.4%, the rolling resistance coefficient decreases from 0.093 to 0.072, eliminates the “scissors” effect, which will reduce the number of erosive-dangerous particles in the track trace to 30...40%, which is 5.6...4.25 times less than in agricultural tractors with a mixed grouser, which confirms the effectiveness of their use.
Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovative development of personnel in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Khodjamuratova G.Y , Vafoeva D.I.
Published: July 2021

In the article developed a system of indicators that characterize the intensive development of trends and factors in the development of personnel of agricultural enterprises, on the basis of which the level of innovative development is assessed. The author identified the strengths and weaknesses of agro-industrial complex enterprises on the basis of a SWOT analysis, based on the results of the analysis, the main directions for improving the efficiency of personnel management at the selected enterprises were determined.
Theoretical and methodological fundamentals of application of information and communication technologies in the process of teaching tourism disciplines
Authors: Tsypko Victoria , Vasylchuk Volodymyr , Alieksieieva Kateryna , Gedin Maksim , Yekimov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the state of implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the organization of e-learning in higher education students using the experience of specialties «Tourism». The urgency of e-learning technologies application and related information and communication technologies is proved. The results of research on active use of ICT, e-learning platforms, choice of ICT-based survey of the Ukrainian higher educational institutions that provide teaching training courses in specialties «Tourism». Describes examples of the use of various multimedia resources in the classroom. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of using information and communication technologies in the high school, as a pledge of constructing an intensive process of assimilation of knowledge and skills. It has been found that teachers prefer e-learning platforms, various Internet sites, and multimedia presentations.
Re-engineering human capital in the creative dimension
Authors: Kruzhkova T.I. , Ruschitskaya O.A. , Ruschitskaya O.E. , Kot E.M.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the problem of forming the system of creative management of human resources (personnel) of enterprise and their transformation into human capital. It analyzes the existing approaches and gives the evaluation of the current situation in solving this problem. The key questions of forming the creative type of human capital management: convergence and convergence of social, cultural, intellectual and physiological capitals are revealed. Ways of reengineering human capital under conditions of growing macroeconomic and political instability, uncertainty and risks are shown. Particular attention is drawn to the possibilities of competence-based and the need for differentiated approaches in the training of professionals under conditions of growing macroeconomic instability and uncertainty.
Influence of thickness and deposition angle on structural and optical properties of manganese oxide thin films
Authors: Moghtaderi Amin , Kangarlou Haleh , Razzazi Vahedeh
Published: July 2021

Manganese oxide thin films were produced on glass substrates by resistive evaporation at room temperature. The layers with different thickness (30 and 90 nm) at different deposition angles (0 and 40°) were prepared by electron gun evaporation method under ultra-high vacuum condition. After deposition of pure manganese oxide thin films a post-annealing process was used in a uniform oxygen flow of 300 (sccm) and at 500 K annealing temperature. Optical transmittance and reflectance of the layers were measured in the wavelength of 350–850 nm by a spectrophotometer. Kramers–Kronig relations were used to calculate the optical constants. The influence of oxygen flow and annealing temperature on optical properties is investigated. It was found that film thickness and deposition angle plays a significant role on the nanostructures as well as optical properties of layers and cause major variations in behavior of thin manganese oxide films. The physical properties of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, AFM, EDAX, and UV-VIS techniques.
Mitarbeiter im professionellen europäischen Fußball – Vergleich der Personalstruktur in der Sportmedizin, -wissenschaft und Physiotherapie zwischen der Bundesliga, La Liga, Serie A und der Premier League
Authors: Droste Jan-Niklas , Fisser Samuel , Gebhardt Matthias , Edler Christopher , Lippie Edward , McAleer Stephen , Del Vescovo Riccardo , Bloch Hendrik , Riepenhof Helge
Published: July 2021

Einleitung Im europäischen Profifußball konnten in letzten Jahren Länder- und Liga-spezifisch signifikante Unterschiede von Verletzungswahrscheinlichkeiten und Ausfallzeiten beobachtet werden. Ein möglicher Grund könnte neben Faktoren wie Einsatzzeit oder unterschiedlicher Vorbereitung die medizinische und sportwissenschaftliche Betreuung sein. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Befragung der Fußballclubs der laut UEFA 4 besten europäischen Fußballligen bezüglich ihrer personellen Aufstellung in den Bereichen Medizin, Physiotherapie, Massage, Sportwissenschaft und Athletik- sowie „Strength & Conditioning“-Training durchgeführt, um den Personaleinsatz der Bundesliga mit den ersten Ligen der anderen Länder zu vergleichen. Grundlage ist eine Befragung aller 78 Mannschaften der erstklassigen Fußballligen der 4 europäischen Länder Deutschland (Bundesliga), Spanien (La Liga), Italien (Serie A) und England (Premier League). Jede Mannschaft wurde persönlich kontaktiert und der Personaleinsatz der einzelnen Fachbereiche mittels Fragebogens erfasst. In der Bundesliga zeigte sich im Vergleich zu den 3 weiteren Ligen insgesamt eine hochsignifikant geringere Mitarbeiterzahl (6,9 vs. 11,02; p < 0,0001). Die Anzahl der Ärzte ist in der Bundesliga im Vergleich signifikant erhöht (2,2 vs. 1,76; p = 0,0259), die Anzahl der mehr als 80 % ihrer gesamten ärztlichen Tätigkeit für die Mannschaft tätigen Ärzte allerdings hochsignifikant niedriger (0,2 vs. 1,45; p < 0,0001). Auch in der Gruppe der Physiotherapeuten (1,8 vs. 3,6; p < 0,001), Masseure (2,1 vs. 2,69; p = 0,0094), Sportwissenschaftler (0,3 vs. 1,12; p < 0,0001) sowie Athletiktrainer und Strengh & Conditioning Coaches (0,5 vs. 1,83; p < 0,0001) zeigten sich signifikant niedrigere Zahlen der Personalstruktur in der Bundesliga im Vergleich mit den gruppierten Ergebnissen der 3 anderen Ligen.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigten sich in dieser Untersuchung signifikante Unterschiede der Personalstruktur im Bereich Sportmedizin und Sportwissenschaft zwischen der deutschen Bundesliga im Vergleich zu La Liga, Serie A und der Premier League mit einer höheren und enger an die Mannschaft gebundenen personellen Ausstattung letzterer 3 Ligen. Ob dies ein Grund für die Unterschiede der Verletzungshäufigkeiten zwischen diesen Ligen ist, sollte weiter untersucht werden. Insbesondere sollte auf die länderspezifischen Berufsunterschiede und deren Ausbildung sowie deren Tätigkeitsfelder näher eingegangen werden.
Kontrazeption und Adipositas
Authors: Römer Thomas
Published: July 2021

Ziel Die Kontrazeption bei Patientinnen mit einer Adipositas stellt eine klinisch spezielle Situation dar. Das erhöhte Risiko für venöse Thrombembolien ist zu beachten. Außerdem können spezielle Nebenwirkungen von Kontrazeptionsmethoden auftreten, und auch die Sicherheit einzelner Kontrazeptionsmethoden ist eingeschränkt.

Methodik Selektive Literatursuche

Ergebnisse Bei Patientinnen mit einer Adipositas sind weitere Risikofaktoren für Thrombembolien zu erfassen, da sich hieraus oft Kontraindikationen ergeben, vor allem für die Anwendung kombinierter hormoneller Kontrazeptionsmethoden. Bei adipösen Patientinnen ist bei der Anwendung von Gestagenmonopräparaten häufiger mit Blutungsstörungen zu rechnen. Die Daten bezüglich der Wirksamkeit einzelner Methoden sind limitiert. Einschränkungen bestehen für das transdermale kontrazeptive Pflaster. Bei höhergradiger Adipositas empfehlen die Leitlinien die Anwendung einer Hormon- oder Kupferspirale. Nach bariatrischer Chirurgie bedürfen Frauen bis zu 18 Monate einer sicheren Kontrazeption. Nach Malabsorptionschirurgie sind orale Kontrazeptiva zu vermeiden.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Wahl der Kontrazeptionsmethode bei adipösen Patientinnen bedarf einer individuellen Lösung, die abhängig von den Risikofaktoren für Thrombembolien, der Wirksamkeit und den Nebenwirkungen ist. Für die Notfallkontrazeption sind auch gewichtsbedingte Einschränkungen zu beachten.
Sport reduziert den diabetesassoziierten Verlust kognitiver Fähigkeiten bei Typ-2-Diabetes-Patienten
Authors: Klein Caroline , Müssig Karsten , Adamek Henning E.
Published: July 2021

Kognitive Defizite entwickeln sich bei T2D-Patienten häufig auf dem Boden metabolischer Störungen. Neben den eher mild ausfallenden, aber klinisch relevanten diabetesassoziierten kognitiven Dysfunktionen geht T2 D ebenfalls mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Demenz verschiedener Ursachen einher. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen, die zu einer diabetesassoziierten kognitiven Dysfunktion führen, sind nicht vollständig geklärt. Trainingsinterventionen bieten die Möglichkeit, mögliche metabolische Risikofaktoren zu verringern und gleichzeitig dadurch die diabetesassoziierten kognitiven Verschlechterungen zu reduzieren. Unklar ist allerdings noch, welche Trainingsart und -intensität den größten gesundheitlichen Nutzen bringt, da bisherige Studienergebnisse wegen unterschiedlicher Kohorten, Interventionsmethoden und Interventionsdauern schwer zu vergleichen sind.
Conception and Feasibility of a Digital Tele-Guided Abdomen, Thorax, and Thyroid Gland Ultrasound Course for Medical Students (TELUS study)
Authors: Höhne Elena , Recker Florian , Schmok Erik , Brossart Peter , Raupach Tobias , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Purpose Medical education has been transformed during the COVID-19 pandemic, creating challenges regarding adequate training in ultrasound (US). Due to the discontinuation of traditional classroom teaching, the need to expand digital learning opportunities is undeniable. The aim of our study is to develop a tele-guided US course for undergraduate medical students and test the feasibility and efficacy of this digital US teaching method.

Materials and Methods A tele-guided US course was established for medical students. Students underwent seven US organ modules. Each module took place in a flipped classroom concept via the Amboss platform, providing supplementary e-learning material that was optional and included information on each of the US modules. An objective structured assessment of US skills (OSAUS) was implemented as the final exam. US images of the course and exam were rated by the Brightness Mode Quality Ultrasound Imaging Examination Technique (B-QUIET). Achieved points in image rating were compared to the OSAUS exam.

Results A total of 15 medical students were enrolled. Students achieved an average score of 154.5 (SD ± 11.72) out of 175 points (88.29 %) in OSAUS, which corresponded to the image rating using B-QUIET. Interrater analysis of US images showed a favorable agreement with an ICC (2.1) of 0.895 (95 % confidence interval 0.858 < ICC < 0.924).

Conclusion US training via teleguidance should be considered in medical education. Our pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a concept that can be used in the future to improve US training of medical students even during a pandemic.
Fetal Echocardiography in Predicting Postnatal Outcome in Borderline Left Ventricle
Authors: Vorisek Carina Nina , Bischofsberger Lucy , Kurkevych Andrii , Yürökür Uygar , Wolter Aline , Gembruch Ulrich , Berg Christoph , Hudel Helge , Thul Josef , Jux Christian , Akintürk Hakan , Schranz Dietmar , Axt-Fliedner Roland
Published: July 2021

Objectives Prenatal prediction of postnatal univentricular versus biventricular circulation in patients with borderline left ventricle (bLV) remains challenging. This study investigated prenatal fetal echocardiographic parameters and postnatal outcome of patients with a prenatally diagnosed bLV.

Methods We report a retrospective study of bLV patients at four prenatal centers with a follow-up of one year. BLV was defined as z-scores of the left ventricle (LV) between –2 and –4. Single-ventricle palliation (SVP), biventricular repair (BVR), and no surgical or catheter-based intervention served as the dependent outcome. Prenatal ultrasound parameters were used as independent variables. Cut-off values from receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were determined for significant discrimination between outcomes.

Results A total of 54 patients were diagnosed with bLV from 2010 to 2018. All were live births. Out of the entire cohort, 8 (15 %) received SVP, 34 (63 %) BVR, and 12 (22 %) no intervention. There was no significant difference with regard to genetic or extracardiac anomalies. There were significantly more patients with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) in the SVP group compared to the BVR group (80 % vs. 10 %), (p < 0.001). Apex-forming LV (100 % vs. 70 %) and lack of retrograde arch flow (20 % vs. 80 %) were associated with no intervention (p < 0.001). With respect to BVR vs. SVP, the LV sphericity index provided the highest specificity (91.7 %) using a cutoff value of ≤ 0.5.

Conclusion The majority of bLV patients maintained biventricular circulation. EFE, retrograde arch flow, and LV sphericity can be helpful parameters for counseling parents and further prospective studies can be developed.
Treatment of the Middle Third and Septal Deformity: A Trizonal Approach
Authors: Kinberg Eliezer C. , Lawson William
Published: July 2021

Genetic, developmental, traumatic factors can produce a wide variety of nasal septal deformities in caudal–cephalic/dorsal–maxillary planes alone or in combination. These can be corrected by an endonasal approach through a transfixion incision by resecting, transposing, or utilizing principles of cartilage biomechanics. The authors are proposing a “Rosetta Stone” based on a trizonal analysis of the deviated nose that considers the contribution of each region to the deformity. Clinical assessment of the deviated nose should be segmental as well as global. Surgical correlation of the nasal bones, perpendicular, and quadrilateral plates, lateral cartilages, and turbinates may be necessary to achieve a satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.
Cerebral Blood Flow of the Neonatal Brain after Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury
Authors: Tierradentro-García Luis Octavio , Saade-Lemus Sandra , Freeman Colbey , Kirschen Matthew , Huang Hao , Vossough Arastoo , Hwang Misun
Published: July 2021

Objective Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants can have long-term adverse neurodevelopmental effects and markedly reduce quality of life. Both the initial hypoperfusion and the subsequent rapid reperfusion can cause deleterious effects in brain tissue. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) assessment in newborns with HIE can help detect abnormalities in brain perfusion to guide therapy and prognosticate patient outcomes.

Study Design The review will provide an overview of the pathophysiological implications of CBF derangements in neonatal HIE, current and emerging techniques for CBF quantification, and the potential to utilize CBF as a physiologic target in managing neonates with acute HIE.

Conclusion The alterations of CBF in infants during hypoxia-ischemia have been studied by using different neuroimaging techniques, including nitrous oxide and xenon clearance, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, arterial spin labeling MRI, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), functional NIRS, and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Consensus is lacking regarding the clinical significance of CBF estimations detected by these different modalities. Heterogeneity in the imaging modality used, regional versus global estimations of CBF, time for the scan, and variables impacting brain perfusion and cohort clinical characteristics should be considered when translating the findings described in the literature to routine practice and implementation of therapeutic interventions.

Key Points
Arthroscopically Assisted Eaton–Littler Trapeziometacarpal Ligamentoplasty
Authors: Moungondo Fabian G.P. , Gkotsi Antonia , Camus Emmanuel , Van Overstraeten Luc , Schuind Frédéric A.
Published: July 2021

Background Eaton–Littler ligamentoplasty has proven its efficacy in the treatment of trapeziometacarpal (TMC) instability.

Description of Technique In this article, we describe the arthroscopically assisted Eaton–Littler ligamentoplasty through two clinical cases.

Patients and Methods Arthroscopy is used to accurately place the metacarpal bone tunnel and pass the slip of flexor carpi radialis tendon in the latter. This procedure avoids soft-tissue dissection and could improve the outcome of this well-known surgery.

Results The two clinical cases showed good short-term outcome with a decrease of pain and good function.

Conclusions Arthroscopy to assist Eaton–Littler TMC ligamentoplasty is technically feasible, allowing a less invasive surgery. A larger prospective controlled study with a longer term outcome is mandatory to assess the real advantages of this modified procedure.
The Incidence of Accessory Ossicles of the Wrist: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Gursoy Merve , Coban Istemihan , Mete Berna Dirim , Bulut Tugrul
Published: July 2021

Objective Accessory ossicles of the wrist are generally asymptomatic and detected incidentally as radiological findings. These bones are rarely symptomatic but can produce pain in cases of impingement or direct trauma. More frequently, these bones are misinterpreted as avulsion fractures in trauma patients, which may lead to unnecessary immobilization and overtreatment. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of accessory ossicles of the wrist and also determine if the incidence is related to age, gender, or ongoing wrist pain.

Materials and Methods A total of 1146 wrist radiographs were included in the study. All radiographs were analyzed for the presence of 20 different accessory ossicles of the wrist. Patients were also divided into two groups, as with and without accessory ossicle. Two groups were compared in terms of age, gender, and side.

Results About 113 accessory ossicles were detected in 111 (9.7%) radiographs. The most common accessory ossicles were os triangulare and os ulnostyloideum, and the least common accessory ossicles were os gruberi and os praetrapezium. Patients who had accessory ossicle had a significantly higher age than those who did not have accessory ossicle. There was no significant difference between the patients with and without accessory ossicle in terms of gender and side.

Conclusions The results of this study showed that the most common accessory ossicles in the wrist were os triangulare and os ulnostyloideum, and the incidence of accessory bones increased with age.

Clinical Relevance Since accessory ossicles of the wrist can be confused with fractures in trauma patients and are frequently ignored in patients presenting with pain, it is very important to know the incidence and distribution of these ossicles. Therefore, this study is important, in that it provides potentially guiding anatomical data for clinicians in terms of diagnosis and management.
Trends in Lateral Retinacular Release from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Drager Justin , Cregar William M. , Walsh Justin M. , Yanke Adam B.
Published: July 2021

Historically, lateral retinacular release (LRR) procedures have been utilized in the treatment of a variety of patellofemoral disorders, including lateral patellar instability. However, in the past decade, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of the lateral stabilizers in patellar stability, as well as the complications of LRR, such as recurrent medial patellar instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate current trends in LRR procedures from 2010 through 2017 using a large national database. The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for arthroscopic LRR procedures (the Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code, 29873) from 2010 to 2017. The number and incidence of lateral release procedures, both isolated and nonisolated, were analyzed and separated into cohorts for analysis. Age and gender of the LRR cohort was investigated and compared with all other orthopaedic procedures during the same time period in the NSQIP database. In addition, concomitant procedures and associated International Classification of Disease-9th Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10th Revision (ICD-10) codes were analyzed over time and between LRR groups. From 2010 to 2017, 3,117 arthroscopic LRRs were performed. The incidence for LRR was 481.9 per 100,000 orthopaedic surgeries in 2010 and significantly decreased to 186.9 per 100,000 orthopaedic surgeries in 2017 (p < 0.01). LRR was more commonly performed in females (66%) and 58% of patients were under 44 years of age. In addition, LRR was most commonly performed with a concomitant meniscectomy (36%), synovectomy (19%), or microfracture (13%), and for a diagnosis of pain (22%). The overall incidence of LRR procedures significantly decreased from 2010 to 2017. LRRs were more commonly performed in younger, female patients for a diagnosis of pain with the most common concomitant procedure being meniscectomy, synovectomy, or microfracture.
Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides on meat quality, muscle energy metabolism and anti-oxidant status in broilers that have experienced transport stress
Authors: Lan Ruixia , Chang Qingqing , Lu Yiqi
Published: July 2021

Context Pre-slaughter transport, exposed broilers to various stressors, which resulted in detrimental effects on animal welfare, live bodyweight loss, mortality and meat quality. There was growing interest to explore effective ways to reduce the stress response and improve meat quality of transported broilers by using dietary feed additives. Aims The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on meat quality, muscle energy metabolism and anti-oxidant status of broilers having 3-h transport stress. Methods In total, of 144 35-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments, including a basal diet (96 broilers), or basal diet supplemented with COS at 200 mg/kg (48 broilers). There were eight broilers per cage, and 12 replication cages in the basal diet group and six replication cages in the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS group. At the end of the experiment, after a 12-h fast, broilers in the basal diet group were randomly divided into two groups, with six replication cages in each group; then, the broilers were transported as per the following protocols: broilers in the basal diet group (CON group) were without transport stress; broilers in the basal diet group with 3 h of transport stress (TS group), and broilers in the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS supplementation and 3 h of transport stress (TSC group). The serum corticosterone concentration, serum, liver and muscle anti-oxidant status, as well as meat quality and muscle energy metabolism were analysed. Key results Compared with the CON group, TS group showed increased bodyweight loss, serum corticosterone concentration, breakdown of muscle glycogen, increased muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity, as well as some changes of body anti-oxidant status (higher serum, liver and muscle MDA concentrations, lower serum SOD and GSH-Px, liver SOD and CAT, and lower muscle SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activity), accompanied with lower pH45min and pH24h. Nevertheless, compared with the TS group, dietary COS supplementation reduced bodyweight loss, decreased muscle MDA concentration, increased muscle SOD and CAT activity, and was accompanied with improving pH24h. Conclusions The results suggested that the positive effects of dietary COS supplementation in maintaining meat quality were mainly due to the improved muscle anti-oxidant status. Implications Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg COS could serve as a beneficial and effective way to alleviate transport-impaired meat quality of broilers.
Physiological and behavioural responses of sheep grazing in a tropical silvopastoral system
Authors: de Oliveira Scarpino van Cleef Flavia , Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef Eric , de Abreu Santos Daniel Jordan , Herédias Ribas Claudia Maria , Zirondi Longhini Vanessa , Ruggieri Ana Claudia
Published: July 2021

Context Integrating trees and pastures can provide benefits to grazing animals in warm climates, such as provision of shade during the excessive heat. Aim Our aim was to evaluate the effects of two arrangements of trees on grass production and behavioural, physiological and blood parameters of crossbred lambs grazing massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) pastures in a tropical environment in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods Two groups of 24 Santa Inês × Dorper male lambs (~90 days old, 24.0 ± 3.3 and 22.0 ± 2.4 kg bodyweight, respectively) were used in two growing seasons, stratified by initial bodyweight and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: unshaded massai grass (no shading, NS), moderate shading (MS), or intense shading (IS). Treatments MS and IS were established with single rows of eucalyptus trees at spacing 12 m or 6 m between rows and 2 m within rows, corresponding to 786 and 1190 trees/ha. Each growing season consisted of two grazing cycles of ~20 days each, when tester animals grazed simultaneously in a rotational stocking system with variable stocking rate. Behavioural observations were feeding, lying ruminating, standing ruminating, lying, standing still, searching for food, and other. Physiological measurements were rectal temperature, respiratory frequency and heart rate. Blood parameters included haemogram, acute-phase proteins and serum cortisol concentrations. Key results Animals under treatment IS spent more time (P < 0.05) lying, standing still and at other activities than animals under NS and MS. Moreover, they presented lower rectal temperature and respiratory and heart rates than animals under NS during the first growing season, which was the season with higher temperatures. Cortisol and acute-phase proteins were not affected by treatment. Conclusions When animals were exposed to sun, the silvopastoral system was efficient for avoiding heat stress; however, the density of trees reduced the forage mass. Implications The silvopastoral system is a viable alternative production system in warm climates to improve the welfare of sheep, but the density of trees must be considered so that it does not negatively influence the forage mass.
How do scientists criticize the computer metaphor of the brain?
Authors: Bilstrup Finsen Andreas , Steen Gerard J. , Wagemans Jean H. M.
Published: July 2021

The central metaphor in cognitive science is the computer metaphor of the brain. In previous work, we reconstructed the metaphor in a novel way, guided by the assumption that it functions as an explanatory hypothesis. We developed an argumentative pattern for justifying scientific explanations in which this metaphor functions as a standpoint supported by argumentation containing abduction and analogy. In this paper, we use the argumentative pattern as a heuristic to reconstruct recent scientific criticisms against the computer metaphor. The pattern generates expectations about the nature of these criticisms, and we show those expectations to be met in most respects. We then discuss the extent to which our findings render the reconstruction offered by the argumentative pattern feasible. A central question emerging from our analysis is whether the computer metaphor can be adequately characterized as an explanatory hypothesis based on abduction. We suggest some possibilities for future lines of inquiry in this respect.
Migration terminology in the EU Institutions
Authors: Mariani Jessica
Published: July 2021

‘Migration’ has recently become a single domain for specialized terminology in the European Union, linked to the crisis which has been rapidly unfolding in Europe since 2015. The migration crisis, with the dramatic increase in arrivals of migrants in Europe, has highlighted the uncertainty of institutional classifications used to describe and manage migration flows. What is a migrant in the EU Institutions and how is the term refugee or asylum seeker respectively classified? The present study delves into Migration from a terminological perspective and investigates how migrants have been mirrored through terminology in institutional texts from 1950 to 2016 by analyzing two sets of corpora: the European Migration Network glossaries (EMN) of the European Commission and the EU database of official legislative text, EUR-lex EN 2/16. This paper aims to show how migration phenomena can be narrated through the lens of terminology and how term choice plays a vital role in making an impact in the representation of migrants and refugees in political institutions and society.
Changes in the concept designated by the term mariage civil throughout the history of French law
1791–2013
Authors: Curti-Contessoto Beatriz , de Oliveira Isabelle , Almeida Barros Lidia
Published: July 2021

In 1791, the term mariage civil first appeared in French law in order to designate a civil and
secular union recognised only by the State. After the introduction of this term into the French legal domain, there were
legislative changes regarding the rules of civil marriages over the following years. The present paper examines the semantic evolution of
the term mariage civil in French law, relating this evolution to socio-cultural and historical aspects of France between
1791 (when civil marriage was instituted in this country) and 2013 (when the most recent legislative change in the area occurred). Based on
this investigation, it is possible to affirm the transformations in the French society and legislative changes have modified the concept
designated by the term mariage civil, especially concerning the notion of family and the achievement of rights by women and
homosexuals.
Field Dielectric Sensor for Soil Pollution Application
Authors: Ismail R , Dahim M , Jaradat A , Hatamleh R , Telfah D , Abuaddous M , Al-Mattarneh H
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new dielectric sensor which could be used for assessment and evaluation of soil pollution in the field. The new device determines the dielectric properties of soil from the measured soil impedances. The dielectric properties used as indirect method to estimate type and pollution content in soil. The new device was calibrated and validated for accurate measurement of soil dielectric properties in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 30 MHz. The new proposed dielectric sensor was used to measure the dielectric properties of clean and contaminated soil. The measured dielectric properties of soil using the proposed sensor could be used to estimate soil moisture content, hydrocarbon diesel and salinity in sand soil. The results also show that the dielectric properties of clay soil were higher than the dielectric properties of san due to existing bound water in clay minerals. Further testing is necessary to evaluate the effects of other parameters such as temperature and various type of soil prior to adopt the sensor for field testing.
Raw Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Fenton, Photo Fenton and Photo Catalytic: A Comparison Study
Authors: Martini Sri , Afroze Sharmeen , Roni Kiagus Ahmad
Published: July 2021

This work implemented solar TiO2 photocatalysis, Fenton, and photo-Fenton separately for treating raw petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) in terms of its COD and TOC removal. The effect of irradiation and reaction time along with initial pH on the degradation profiles was assessed and compared. The experimental work then revealed that maximum removal efficiency of COD and TOC by solar TiO2 photocatalysis was 48.2 and 53.3%, respectively while photo-Fenton reached 54.1 and 59.1%, respectively. Photo-assisted process was found significantly better than dark mechanism, especially for TiO2 catalysis. In addition, employing acidic condition in the range of 3 to 5 in both photocatalysis and photo-Fenton processes resulted in the obvious improvement of pollutant degradation. Eventually, the kinetic study indicated that the degradation of COD and TOC is suitable to pseudo-first-order pattern by reaching high R2 values.
Environmental Ethics of Belu Society in Indonesia and Bobonaro Society in Timor Leste: An Ecological Reflection
Authors: Fios F , Benny  , Martoredjo N T , Arivia Gadis
Published: July 2021

Environmental ethics deals with the moral dimensions of human relations with the environment. The focus of this research is to concentrate on an effort to construct environmental ethical values based on the local indigenous people of Belu, East Nusa Tenggara Province-Indonesia, and Bobonaro District-Negara Timor Leste. The research findings show local indigenous human relations with the ecological reality of the Belu community, namely Badu Tradition (prohibition), Sau (harvest), and traditional weaving crafts. Meanwhile the local indigenous people of Bobonaro District, namely: tara bandu (prohibition), na’in (guardian of nature), diversification of plants, terraced land and stone wall fences, traditional medicines, and guarding of water sources. This finding is an important basis for making an ecological reflection based on local wisdom in the context of environmental conservation to support sustainable development. The environmental ethics of the Belu and Bobonaro people are interpreted as natural resources and ecological culture, the legacy of traditions, and the reality of the spiritual nature of the Belu and Bobonaro people in building relationships with the environment. Efforts to care for the environment are shown by respecting the social rules and norms that govern the relationship between local Belu and Bobonaro people with the environment. This local wisdom of Belu and Bobonaro can be a theoretical reference in caring for the environment. Local indigenous-based environmental ethics thinking is very important in helping to solve the problem of less than ideal relations between humans and the environment that is still happening in the implementation of the development that is being carried out. The findings of this study can make an important contribution to environmental conservation efforts to support the big idea of sustainable development.
Effects of Climate Change on the Surface Waters of the Santa River, La Rinconada - Ancash – Peru
Authors: Campomanes Giovene Pérez , Iannacone José
Published: July 2021

The effect of climate change on the surface waters of the Santa River, the town center la Rinconada, Ancash, Peru, was assessed. Climate change was modeled between 2006 - 2015, through temperature, precipitation, and historical evapotranspiration versus surface waters based on water availability, and the best regression equations were selected. A validated survey of users of the Rinconada Irrigation Commission (CRR) was also taken. The best equation was exponential type for surface water and average precipitation. In contrast, for surface water and climate change the most appropriate was multiple linear regression. In relation to the survey, 83.33% strongly agree that they are concerned about climate change, and 81.37% agree that they are fully prepared for climate change caused by high temperatures. 27.5 % strongly disagree that the amount of water available in the canals has decreased because of climate change. It is concluded that it is possible to predict water availability in the face of the presence of climate change by applying regression users equations, and that there is concern of CRR users, in the face of the presence of climate change.
Electronic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study: Management input for Highly Urbanized Cities
Authors: Novelero J , Mariano O
Published: July 2021

Electronic Waste (E-Waste) is said to be any electrical or electronic device that have reached the terminal of its useful life. The major issues are the volume and the raw materials used in crafting E-waste which is non-biodegradable and contains hazardous substances that are toxic to human health and the environment. The objectives of this study are to gather baseline data in terms of the composition of E-waste in the solid waste stream and to determine the top 5 E-waste categories in a highly urbanized city. The study utilized the data from the official 2014 WACS of Pasig City and taken the combined percentages of the special and hazardous waste from the overall waste composition. There were three major stages that were followed from the WACS process. These were; Preparation & Training, Actual E-Waste Characterization, and Data Processing and Analysis. Recommendations in managing these wastes for its reduction were provided to serve as guide for acceptance and implementation in the locality. Pasig City was the chosen beneficiary of the research output and through the collaboration of the City Government of Pasig and its Solid Waste Management Office (SWMO); the study successfully piloted the Electronic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (E-WACS).
Cannabis farms in California rely on wells outside of regulated groundwater basins
Authors: Dillis Christopher , Butsic Van , Carah Jennifer , Zipper Samuel C , Grantham Theodore
Published: July 2021

As permitted cannabis farming in California continues to expand statewide, including in ecologically sensitive watersheds, an improved understanding of water-use practices is needed. Existing evidence suggests widespread reliance on groundwater wells for cannabis irrigation may result in streamflow depletion, yet our understanding of where and why well use for cannabis is most prevalent is currently limited. Here, we use California state cannabis permitting data to address four important information gaps regarding well use by cannabis farming: (1) the prevalence of groundwater wells as an irrigation source for regulated cannabis farms statewide, (2) the extent to which groundwater use occurs outside of regulated groundwater basins, (3) the most useful predictors of whether a farm will rely on groundwater for irrigation, and (4) the potential well use from cannabis farms that are currently unpermitted. Well use by cannabis farms is common statewide, with percentages in excess of 75% among permitted farms in nine of the 11 top cannabis producing counties. In eight of these 11 counties, more than one quarter of farms using wells are located outside of groundwater basins subject to state groundwater use regulations. We found that cultivation area size was a positive predictor of well use, while annual precipitation and on-farm stream network density were negative predictors, highlighting the influences of water demand and surface water availability. The output of a machine learning model trained with data from permitted farms in Northern California suggests that the majority (60%) of unpermitted farms are likely to use groundwater wells if they follow the same patterns as the regulated industry. Our results suggest that proactive steps be taken to address groundwater use in cannabis regulations in California and call for further research into the effects of groundwater use on streamflow, especially outside of large groundwater basins.
Individualisation of glycaemic management in older people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines recommendations
Authors: Christiaens Antoine , Henrard Séverine , Zerah Lorène , Dalleur Olivia , Bourdel-Marchasson Isabelle , Boland Benoit
Published: July 2021

Background

Recommendations for individualised glycaemic management in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have recently been provided in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) issued by major scientific societies. The aim of this systematic review is to compare the content of these recommendations concerning health assessment, targets for glycaemic control, lifestyle management and glucose-lowering therapy across CPGs.

Methods

The CPGs on T2D management in people aged ≥65 years published in English after 2015 by major scientific societies were systematically reviewed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The quality of the CPGs included was assessed using the AGREE-II tool. The recommendations for individualised glycaemic management were extracted, and their level of evidence (LOE) and strength of recommendation recorded.

Results

Three CPGs of high methodological quality were included, namely those from the American Diabetes Association 2020, the Endocrine Society 2019 and the Diabetes Canada Expert Committee 2018. They made 27 recommendations addressing individualised glycaemic management, a minority of which (40%) had a high LOE. Comparison of the 27 recommendations identified some discrepancies between CPGs, e.g. the individualised values of HbA1c targets. The 13 strong recommendations addressed 10 clinical messages, five of which are recommended in all three CPGs, i.e. assess health status, screen for cognitive impairment, avoid hypoglycaemia, prioritise drugs with low hypoglycaemic effects and simplify complex drug regimens.

Conclusions

Although there is a consensus on avoiding hypoglycaemia in older patients with T2D, significant discrepancies regarding individualised HbA1c targets exist between CPGs.