bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Examining the Wavelet Packet Decomposition on Statistical Models for River Stage Forecasting
Authors: Bashir Adnan , Shehzad Ahmed
Published: June 2024

River streamflow forecasting is important for managing and controlling the water resource system. This study developed new hybrid models, namely wavelet packet first-order response surface (WPFORS) and wavelet packet quadratic response surface (WPQRS), using the wavelet packet decomposition technique with the first-order response surface (FORS) and quadratic response surface (QRS) models. This study is also based on forecasting the performance of the three traditional models: multiple linear regression (MLR), FORS, and QRS. The wavelet packet decomposition technique is used to remove noise from hydrological data. The daily streamflow data from the 2005 to 2013 monsoon season (1st July to 31st September) of the Chenab River basin in Pakistan were used. To check the forecasting performance of the observed models, the criteria used are root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results found that WPFORS and WPQRS presented better forecasting accuracy than traditional models like MLR, QRS, and FORS. In addition, it is also observed that the overall performance of WPQRS is better than the WPFORS model for 1-d ahead forecasting of streamflow data.
Preferences for individual types of physical activity among youth: trend and challenges in the context of the pandemic
Authors: Kudlacek Michal , Fromel Karel , Groffik Dorota , Mitas Josef
Published: June 2024

Background
The global decline in physical activity among the youth has been exacerbated by the pandemic's impact on their lifestyles. Addressing these adverse effects post-pandemic by supporting preferred physical activities among young individuals is crucial. The aim of the study is to identify the status and trend of preferences for individually focused PA of young people in the context of the negative effects of the pandemic on the physical activity of young people.
Methods
Conducted between 2007 and 2020, this research encompassed 19,235 participants aged 15 to 26. Physical activity preferences were gauged using the Questionnaire on Physical Activity Preferences, while actual physical activity levels were measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form.
Results
Among the participants, individual physical activities were favored by 24% of Czech and 25% of Polish boys, and 23% of Czech and 25% of Polish girls. Across all demographics, swimming and cycling emerged as preferred activities, with a notable increase in running. A positive correlation was found between the preference for running and higher levels of recreational, vigorous, and overall weekly physical activity. Additionally, an increased preference for running was associated with a higher likelihood of meeting weekly physical activity recommendations for both girls (OR = 1.82, CI = 1.62–2.04, p < 0.001) and boys (OR = 1.61, CI = 1.44–1.82, p < 0.001) in both countries.
Conclusions
The systematic and long-term monitoring of physical activity preferences is vital for effectively promoting and supporting a healthy lifestyle among youth, especially during periods of social and health crises.
Comprehensive Investigation of Ergonomic Challenges and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Providers of Western India through Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Detroja Sonali , Mahajan Rajkumar , Sheth Ankit
Published: June 2024

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are significant concern in healthcare sector, specifically intensive care units (ICUs) due to distinct work environment. This study aims to comprehensively investigate determinants of WRMSDs and ergonomic challenges, specific to ICU healthcare providers, providing valuable insights for targeted interventions.
Methods: In this mixed methods study, 200 consenting healthcare providers from seven ICUs participated. Structured questionnaires were used to collect details of socio-demographics, occupation, physical and workplace factors, risk perception, and musculoskeletal pain through modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questinnaire. Qualitative insights were obtained through in-depth interviews until saturation of responses. Statistical analyses included inferential statistics, logistic regression, and thematic analysis.
Results: Study revealed a high prevalence of WRMSDs (84%), with low back pain and neck reported to be most affected regions. Logistic regression analysis identified longer tenure in the ICU, high shift frequency, high physical workload and risk perception, and low exercise habits as significant predictors of WRMSDs among ICU healthcare providers. Qualitative study underscored challenges of heavy patient loads, long hours, and emotional strain faced by ICU healthcare providers, while also highlighting institutional support strategies for prevention of WRMSDs.
Conclusion: This study offers valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges faced by ICU healthcare providers and underscores the importance of multidimensional interventions incorporating physical, behavioural, and environmental factors. There is urgent need to address modifiable risk factors, including ergonomic training, workplace modifications, schedule adjustments, and educational programs to enhance risk awareness and preventive behaviours to effectively combat the burden of WRMSDs.
The diuretic effect of Goreisan involves the modulation of aquaporin 2 localization via the calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Ogura Keisuke , Fujitsuka Naoki , Nahata Miwa , Tokita Yohei
Published: June 2024

Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) contributes to water reabsorption and primitive urine concentration by migrating to the luminal surface of the collecting ducts in an anti-diuretic hormone-stimulated manner, and the signaling pathway involved in AQP2 localization is a target for diuretics. This study investigated whether AQP2 is involved in the diuretic effect and mechanisms of Goreisan (GRS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine used to treat symptoms such as edema in patients with decreased urination. GRS exerted diuretic effects on desmopressin (dDAVP)-induced decreases in urine output and inhibited phosphorylation of AQP2 at Ser269 in the renal tissues of mice. Furthermore, GRS inhibited the migration of phosphorylated AQP2 to the luminal side following forskolin (FSK) stimulation using a 3D culture model of the kidney collecting duct cell line mIMCD-3. GRS induced a transient increase in the intracellular calcium concentration via the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and suppressed the FSK-stimulated increase in cAMP production. These results suggest that GRS regulates urine volume by modulating the localization of AQP2 via CaSR.
Energy Efficient Optimized Clustering for Free Space Optical Communication in Software Defined Underwater WSN
Authors: Chauhan Kanika , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Sharma Nonita , Tushir Bhagyashri
Published: June 2024

The utilization of Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication in underwater environments is gaining momentum, particularly in Software Defined Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(SDUWSNs). However, challenges such as high-energy loss and limited propagation distance persist in data transmission within SDUWSNs. In addressing these issues, this study introduces an innovative approach known as Software Defined Free Space Optical Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks, where FSO communication is seamlessly integrated with SDUWSNs to enhance network longevity. To optimize the performance of SD-FSO-UWSNs, the implementation of clustering and routing is explored as an effective strategy for energy-efficient data delivery. Nevertheless, the selection of optimal control nodes (CNs) in clustering poses a significant challenge. In response, a novel self-adaptive cheetah optimization-based clustering approach (SACO-CA) is proposed by incorporating self-adaptive inertia weights to identify optimal CNs based on a devised fitness value. The fitness function considers important parameters such as energy levels and distances among network devices, aiming to balance cluster sizes effectively. Moreover, the NS3 simulator is used to run network simulation while, SDN policies are implemented through the Open Network Oper-ating System (ONOS) controller. The simulation result metrics, including stability period,alive nodes, average residual energy, packets transmitted to the control server, and averagedelay, indicate that SACO-CA outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. The results underscore the efficacy of the nature-inspired SACO-CA approach in optimizing CNs and improving overall network performance in SD-FSO-UWSNs.
Exploring community health systems interventions that strength implementation of maternal and child health services: The case of community health assistants in Zambia
Authors: Akinola Olatubosun , Banda Nelia , Silumbwe Adam , Mulubwa Chama , Chavula Malizgani Paul , Shakwelele Hilda , Chila Sylvia , Zulu Joseph Mumba
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Many low-and middle-income countries, including Zambia experience human resource for health challenges, which affect the delivery of maternal and child health (MCH) services. The Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) in collaboration with Ministry of Health in Zambia through its community health systems (CHS) initiative provided additional support to the Community Health Assistants (CHA) programme from 2019 to 2021 to enhance provision of MCH services. In this study, we explore the different interventions that influenced the CHA’s ability to deliver MCH the services.
Methodology: The study was conducted in November and December 2021 using data from the HealthManagement Information System (HMIS) and qualitative interviews with the CHA and program staff. A total of 244 qualitative interviews were conducted in 10 provinces and 2,506 respondents participated in quantitative interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis while for quantitative data we used descriptive statistics.
Results: The HMIS data showed that health facilities that had CHAs performed better than those without. Survey data further indicated that health facilities where CHAs had worked for two or more years recorded better access to MCH services compared those where CHAs had only worked for a year. The CHS strengthening interventions including provision of training manuals, enhanced recruitment and deployment policies, capacity building of CHA supervisors, provision of transport and monthly remuneration to some CHAs contributed to improved delivery and acceptability of MCH services. Further, the involvement of community networks, linkages and partnerships when delivering these services, including the traditional and religious leaders contributed to improved delivery, coverage and acceptability of MCH services. Meanwhile, health systems barriers such as limited supplies in some health facilities, shortage of health workers, persistent transportation challenges and failure to fully abide the CHA recruitment and selection criteria affected delivery and acceptability of MCH services.
Conclusion: This study builds on existing evidence on importance of building a stronger community–based primary health care to effectively address maternal and child health related. We emphasize the need to integrate strategies such as provision of training manuals, enhanced recruitment and deployment policies, capacity building of supervisors, provision of transport and remuneration within the CHA programme to enhance provision of maternal and child health services.
Tumor-associated neutrophil precursors impair homologous DNA repair and promote sensitivity to PARP-inhibition
Authors: Mukherjee Siddhartha , Elia Angela , Garda Cindy , Boffa Letizia , Balia Maria Teresa , Bolis Marco , Mosole Simone , Campagnari Anna , Brina Daniela , Rinaldi Andrea , Lazzaroni Giacomo , Jarrossay David , Morone Diego , Ceppi Ilaria , DeSillo Riccardo , Giacomini Isabella , Rito Laura Di , Cassamagnago Giada , Barry Simon , Laczko Endre , Streb Sebastian , Meani Francesco , Lascio Simona Di , Hynes Nancy , Lugli Enrico , Puccio Simone , Sammut Stephen-John , Perriard Ulrike , Harder Yves , Rossi Lorenzo , Gasparri Maria Luisa , Cejka Petr , Calcinotto Arianna
Published: June 2024

Tumor evolution is one of the major mechanisms responsible for acquiring therapy-resistant and more aggressive cancer clones. Whether the tumor microenvironment through immune-mediated mechanisms might promote the development of more aggressive cancer types is crucial for the identification of additional therapeutical opportunities.
Here, we identified a novel subset of tumor-associated neutrophils, defined as tumor-associated neutrophil precursors (PreNeu). These PreNeu are enriched in highly proliferative hormone-dependent breast cancers and impair DNA repair capacity.  Mechanistically, succinate secreted by tumor-associated PreNeu inhibits homologous recombination, promoting error-prone DNA repair through non-homologous end-joining regulated by PARP-1. Consequently, breast cancer cells acquire genomic instability, promoting tumor editing and progression. Selective inhibition of these pathways induces increased tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Tumor-associated PreNeu score correlates with copy number alterations in highly proliferative hormone-dependent tumors from breast cancer patients. Treatment with PARP-1 inhibitors counteract the pro-tumorigenic effect of these neutrophils and synergize with combined immunotherapeutic approaches.
GM-CSF-dependent CD301b+ lung dendritic cells confer tolerance to inhaled allergens
Authors: Nakano Hideki , Wilkinson Christina , Nakano Keiko , Grimm Sara , Whitehead Gregory , Arao Yukitomo , Blackshear Perry , Karmaus Peer , Fessler Michael , Cook Donald
Published: June 2024

The severity of allergic asthma is driven by the balance between allergen-specific T regulatory (Treg) and T helper (Th)2 cells. However, it is unclear whether specific subsets of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) promote the differentiation of these two T cell lineaeges. We have identified a subset of lung resident type 2 cDCs (cDC2s) that display high levels of CD301b and have potent Treg-inducing activity ex vivo. Single cell RNA sequencing and adoptive transfer experiments show that during allergic sensitization, many CD301b+ cDC2s transition in a stepwise manner to CD200+ cDC2s that selectively promote Th2 differentiation. GM-CSF augments the development and maintenance of CD301b+ cDC2s in vivo, and also selectively expands Treg-inducing CD301b+ cDC2s derived from bone marrow. Upon their adoptive transfer to recipient mice, lung-derived CD301b+ cDC2s confer immunological tolerance to inhaled allergens. Thus, GM-CSF maintains lung homeostasis by increasing numbers of Treg-inducing CD301b+ cDC2s.
Assessment of Serum Survivin in Women with Placenta Previa and Accreta Spectrum.
Authors: Yilmaz Nevin , Bakirci Isil Turan , Sahin Busra , Bolluk Gokhan , Can Esra , Bulut Huri
Published: June 2024

Background
Placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) are characterized by irregular placental implantation and invasion, which can lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Survivin is a critical protein that affects cellular longevity and apoptosis, and plays a crucial role in placental development during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the maternal serum survivin levels in patients with normal placentation, placenta previa, and PAS.
Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 84 pregnant women categorized into the control (n=42), placenta previa (n=24), and PAS (n=28) groups. Serum survivin levels were quantitatively determined using ELISA.
Results
A significant elevation in serum survivin levels was observed in the placenta previa and PAS groups compared to the controls, suggesting a role for survivin in the pathophysiological response to against abnormal placental adherence and invasion.
Conclusions
Elevated serum survivin level may serve as an early biomarker for diagnosing and managing placenta previa and PAS, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing these complex pregnancy complications.
A universal microscope add-on for snapshot quantitative phase imaging by spectral encoding
Authors: Suo Jinli , Zhang Weihang , Liu Xin , Miao Wenxuan , Qi Hai , Dai Qionghai
Published: June 2024

Observing the dynamics of colorless or transparent samples quantitatively is vital in cellular-level biomedical research. Among existing techniques, fluorescent microscopy suffers from phototoxicity and photobleaching issues, while snapshot quantitative phase imaging (QPI) demands a complicated setup. Thus, an easily accessible tool allowing for long-period, high-contrast observation of transparent samples remains still lacking. To tackle this problem, we propose a one-shot QPI approach compatible with both off-the-shelf and customized microscopes, which encodes the phase informative cues into a snapshot using a thin, flat optical device and decodes the phase information through an advanced deep network algorithm. The encoding involves overlaying defocused images obtained through a wafer-thin highly-dispersive glass with dual-bandpass coating, acting as an ``add-on'' module located between the specimen and objective. The successive phase retrieval is conducted with a well-designed network structure and the high-quality training data supports the phase reconstruction at high axial resolution. By experimenting on T cell migration, T cell activation, and real-time live-cell drug screening on systems with various magnifications, we demonstrate high-precision phase retrieval of our method under different experimental settings and on various platforms, which is expected to obtain a wide range of potential applications in studies of clustered cell morphology, cell counting, and cell migration tracking.
Machine Learning-based Prediction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Spinal Anesthesia: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Hoshijima Hiroshi , Miyazaki Tomo , Omachi Shinichiro , Konno Daisuke , Sugino Shigekazu , Yamauchi Masanori , Shiga Toshiya , Mizuta Kentaro
Published: June 2024

Purpose
In this study, we apply analysis using artificial intelligence to identify risk factors for Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during surgery under spinal anesthesia.
Methods
This retrospective study used artificial intelligence to analyze data of adult patients (aged ≥ 20 years) who underwent surgery under spinal anesthesia. To evaluate PONV, patients who experienced nausea and/or vomiting or used antiemetics within 24 hours after surgery were extracted from postoperative medical records. We create a model that predicts probability of PONV using the gradient tree boosting model. The model implementation used the LightGBM framework.
Results
Data were available for 4,574 patients. The identified risk factors were duration of surgery, female, no blood transfusion, spinal level 3–4 puncture, no concomitant epidural anesthesia, use of propofol, and dexmedetomidine, postoperative fentanyl use, cesarean section, and not using phenylephrine, atropine, or oxytocin.
Conclusions
We used artificial intelligence to evaluate the extent to which risk factors for PONV contribute to the development of PONV. We identifies female and cesarean section, which are known risk factors for PONV after surgery under spinal anesthesia. Our findings also suggest that fluid volume, blood transfusion, and agents that normalize hemodynamics, such as phenylephrine and atropine, are important in preventing PONV.
Trial registration number: UMIN000050012
Next-Generation Sequencing in Early-Stage Multiple Primary Lung Cancer: The Prognostic Significance of Genomic Accumulation Status and BCL2L11 del
Authors: Wang Mu-Ting , Ni Chen-Hui , Lu Yan-Qi , Zheng Wei , Zhang Shu-Liang , Chen Mao-Hui , Zheng Bin , Chen Chun
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to define the genomic features of tumors and to delineate the potential mutational pattern underlying the prognosis of patients using large-panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays.
Methods: A total of 53 patients were enrolled, with a total of 130 malignant tumors. Clinical variables were collected, and the NGS sequencing of a large panel of 116 tumor-associated genes was performed. According to the gene mutation series and the number of mutation sites, the patients were divided into a series of groups. We investigated the relationship between the clinical–genetic features and the prognosis of MPLCs.
Results: The patients exceeding the IA stage were associated with a significantly shorter DFS than those in the IA stage (mean time: 27.5 vs. 50.6 months, p = 0.044), and BCL2L11del subsets were associated with a significantly worse DFS (31.9 vs. 50.2 months, p= 0.047). In the subgroups, the patients with a single gene mutation series with multiple gene mutation sites had a shorter DFS than those with a single mutation site (37.6 vs. 53.9 months, p = 0.047); and those with four gene series with over four mutation sites displayed a longer DFS than those with four sites (25.7 vs. 58 months, p = 0.034). In a Cox Multivariate analysis, exceeding the IA stage and a BCL2L11del mutation were considered unfavorable independent prognostic factors (HR = 5.102, 95%CI: 1.526 to 17.054; p = 0.008, and HR = 6.010, 95%CI: 1.636 to 22.079; p = 0.007, respectively). A lower gene mutation series (≤2) was an independent factor for a longer DFS (HR = 0.276, 95%CI: 0.086 to 0.882; p = 0.03).
Conclusions: The prognosis of patients with early-stage MPLC may potentially be related to the accumulation status of gene mutation series and sites; their driving powers may offset each other. Taken together, the application of genomic profiling may prove to be useful for subdividing and precisely managing patients with MPLC.
Applying enhanced recovery principles to emergency laparotomy in penetrating abdominal trauma: a case-matched study
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Kumaira , Rizental Laís Borges , Cunha Carlos Eduardo Bastian da , Baldissera Neiva , Wagner Mário Bernardes , Fraga Gustavo Pereira
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery programs (ERPs) has significantly improved outcomes within various surgical specialties. However, the suitability of ERPs in trauma surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to 1) design and implement an ERP for trauma laparotomy patients; 2) assess its safety, feasibility, and efficacy; and 3) compare the outcomes of the proposed ERP with conventional practices.
Methods: This case-matched study prospectively enrolled hemodynamically stable patients undergoing emergency laparotomy after penetrating trauma. Patients receiving the proposed ERP were compared with historical controls managed according to conventional practices. Cases were matched for age, sex, injury mechanism, extra-abdominal injuries, and trauma scores. Assessment of intervention effects were modelled using regression analysis for outcome measures, including length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative complications, and functional recovery parameters.
Results: Thirty-six consecutive patients were enrolled in the proposed ERP and matched to their 36 historical counterparts, totaling 72 participants. A statistically significant decrease in LOS, representing a 39% improvement in average LOS was observed. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications. Opioid consumption was considerably lower in the ERP group (p<0.010). Time to resumption of oral liquid and solid intake, as well as to the removal of nasogastric tubes, urinary catheters, and abdominal drains was significantly earlier among ERP patients (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The implementation of a standardized ERP for the perioperative care of penetrating abdominal trauma patients yielded a significant reduction in LOS without increasing postoperative complications. These findings demonstrate that ERPs principles can be safely applied to selected trauma patients.
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii among slaughtered domestic ruminants in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yirsa Tsedalu , Seyoum Zewdu , Berhane Nega , Amare Mequanente Dagnaw
Published: June 2024

Background
The intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic cyst-forming parasite that affects nearly all warm-blooded animals, including humans. There are no studies that confirm the presence of this parasite in Ethiopian food animals, particularly in the study area, aside from seroprevalence reports. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use molecular and serological methods to identify this infections in slaughtred domestic ruminants.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020 by collecting a total of 320 blood and matching tissue samples from purposively selected domestic ruminants. These study participants' infections were identified using the nested polymerase chain reaction and the latex agglutination test. The relationship between risk factors and the incidence of the seropostivity was also ascertained through the use of logistic regression.
Results
The overall serological, first polymerase chain reaction and nested polymerase chain reaction findings of this infection in slaughtered animals were 180 (56.2%), 68 (21.2%) and 34 (10.6%), respectively. Moreover, 62 (62%), 58 (52.7%) and 60 (54.5%) of latex agglutination tests; 34 (34%), 24 (21.8%) and 10 (9.1%) of first polymerase chain reaction and 20 (20%), 14(12.5%) and 0 (0%) with nested polymerase chain reaction were also found in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. Significant associations were observed between this infection seropositivity and sex and age within sheep and goats; origins with goats, and breed and ages within cattle (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, there were also fair concordant between latex agglutination and first polymerase chain reaction tests on slaughtered animals (Kappa: 0.230).
Conclusions
Generally, these comparative tests were verified the presence of this infection in killed animals, which increased the risk to the public's health among human consumers, especially expectant mothers. Therefore, the best way to prevent this disease should be to avoid eating raw foods. Additional research on this pathogen's genotyping will also be supported.
Lichen Parmotremaperlatum Mediated Greeen Synthesis of Mo Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Activity and Antibacterial Study
Authors: G Indramahalakshmi , R Hemaroshini , B Kavitha
Published: June 2024

A “green route” to fabricate nanoparticles has emerged as a revolutionary approach. In this study, CuO, lichen modified CuO (PCuO) and Molybdenum doped lichen extract modified CuO (PCuOM) were successfully synthesized using co-precipitation method. The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV–vis-DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The XRD pattern confirms the formation of CuO with JCPDS No.(01-080-1916) and the crystalline nature is found as monoclinic phase of end center. Due to Mo doping and lichen extract activity the PCuOM nanoparticle size was much reduced to14 nm. UV–visible- DRS measurements show a reduction in band gap of PCuOM after dopping with Mo. The FT-IR conﬁrms the presence of functional groups that acts as the capping agent for the synthesis of CuONPs. Mo-CuO nanoparticles showed strong visible-light response and high photocatalytic activity for Amaranth degradation under irradiation by visible-light (400–500 nm). The maximum Amaranth degradation (87%) was achieved with PCuOM concentration of 0.1 g/L, initial Amaranth concentration of 10 μM, pH 7 and irradiation time of 50 min. The antimicrobial activity of all the samples was investigated against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The combined effect of phytochemicals and Mo doping shows higher zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa about 16 mm and 22 mm respectively, when compared to other bacteria.
Iceball Growth 3D Simulation Model Based on Finite Element Method for Hepatic Cryoablation Planning
Authors: Li Shengwei , Zhang Yumeng , Zhou Fanyu , Xu Sheng , Wang Yufeng , Cheng Lin , Bie Zhixin , Li Bin , Li Xiao-Guang
Published: June 2024

Background:
Cryoablation simulation based on finite element method (FEM) can facilitate preoperative planning for liver tumors. However, it has limited application in clinical practice due to its time-consuming process and improvable accuracy. We aimed to propose a FEM-based simulation model for rapid and accurate prediction of the iceball size during the hepatic cryofreezing cycle.
Methods:
A 3D simulation model was presented to predict the iceball size (frozen isotherm boundaries) in biological liver tissues undergoing cryofreezing based on the Pennes bioheat equation. The simulated results for three cryoprobe types were evaluated in the ex vivo porcine livers and clinical data. In ex vivo experiments, CT-based measurements of iceball size were fitted as growth curves and compared to the simulated results. Eight patient cases of CT-guided percutaneous hepatic cryoablation procedures were retrospectively collected for clinical validation. The Dice Score Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used to measure the similarity between simulation and ground truth segmentation.
Results:
The measurements in the ex vivo experiments showed a close similarity between the simulated and experimental iceball growth curves for three cryoprobe models, with all mean absolute error＜2.9mm and coefficient of determination＞0.85.In the clinical validation, the simulation model achieved high accuracy with a DSC of 0.87±0.03 and a HD of 2.0±0.4mm. The average computational time was 23.2 seconds for all simulations.
Conclusion
Our simulation model achieves accurate iceball size predictions within a short time during hepatic cryoablation and potentially allows for the implementation of the preoperative cryoablation planning system.
A Novel 12-Step Subcutaneous Desensitization Protocol to Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Canel-Paredes Alejandra , Estrada-Mendizabal Ricardo J. , Castillo-Ivon Alfonso J. , Leon Emiliano Barajas-De , Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei
Published: June 2024

Pegfilgrastim is a sustained-duration form of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor filgrastim to which a polyethylene glycol molecule is covalently bound to the N-terminal methionine residue. Although rare, anaphylaxis to pegfilgrastim has been reported. Desensitization is a safe management option for drug hypersensitivity. To date, no desensitization protocols to pegfilgrastim have been reported. We present the case of a 36-year-old female diagnosed with breast cancer who was treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin every two weeks plus pegfilgrastim, to which she developed anaphylaxis. The lack of alternative treatment options led to the decision to proceed with desensitization, which was carried out successfully with a novel 12-step, 1-bag protocol, allowing the safe resumption of the medication. Although the mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity to pegfilgrastim remain unknown, clinicians must be aware of the possibility of anaphylaxis to this medication and of the available treatment options, such as desensitization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a desensitization protocol to pegfilgrastim.
Identification of A Novel Hybrid Sterility Locus S67 between temperate japonica subgroup and basmati subgroup in Oryza sativa L
Authors: Lv Yonggang , Li Jing , Yang Ying , Pu Qiuhong , Zhou Jiawu , Deng Xianneng , Zhang Yu , Tao Da-Yun
Published: June 2024

Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important cultivated species in the AA genome species of the genus Oryza. basmati is a special and famous subgroup in Asian cultivated rice, and temperate japonica is one of the most important cultivated subgroup, too. However, hybrid sterility hinders the introgression of favorable traits and the utilization of hybrid vigour between them. The genetic basis of intraspecific hybrid sterility between temperate japonica and basmati remained elusive. In this study, a novel hybrid sterility locus S67 was identified, which caused hybrid male sterility in hybrids between the temperate japonica rice variety Dianjingyou 1(DJY1) and the basmati rice variety Dom-sufid. Initial mapping with BC1F1, BC4F1, BC4F2 populations and DNA markers located S67 between RM5362(41087022) and K1-40.6(41824986) on the long arm of chromosome 1. Genetic analysis confirmed that S67 caused a transmission advantage for the temperate japonica rice S67-te allele in the hybrid offsprings. This result not only fills the gap in the research on hybrid sterility between basmati and temperate japonica, but also lays a good foundation for the systematic study of the genetic rules of hybrid sterility between basmati and other subgroups, as well as the full exploration and utilization of this subgroup through the creation of wide or specific compatibility lines to overcome hybrid sterility. In addition, this result can also help us broaden our understanding of genetic differentiation within Asian cultivated rice and hybrid sterility between inter-subgroups.
Checkpoint Data-Driven GCN-GRU Vehicle Trajectory and Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Guan Deyong , Ren Na , Wang Ke , Wang Qi , Zhang Hualong
Published: June 2024

In order to accurately assess the road traffic flow, improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation system, and provide technical support for vehicle path planning and road congestion early warning, this paper proposes a method for accurately forecast the traffic flow on the urban road network by using trajectory prediction technology. The method uses a combination model of graph convolutional neural network (GCN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) for vehicle trajectory prediction, and uses the output of trajectory prediction to more accurately forecast the traffic flow. Firstly, transforming the checkpoint data into daily vehicle trajectories with time series characteristics, realizing the division of vehicle trajectory travel chain. Secondly, the adjacency matrix is established by using the spatial relationship of each checkpoint, and the feature matrix of the vehicle's driving trajectory over time is established, which are used as the input of GCN to learn the spatial characteristics of the vehicle during driving on the road network, and then GRU is added to further process the data after GCN training, constructing a GCN-GRU vehicle trajectory prediction model for vehicle trajectory prediction. Finally, the traffic flow of each checkpoint is calculated based on the prediction result of vehicle trajectory, and compared with the real checkpoint flow. In this paper, Qingdao city checkpoint data is used as an example for experiments, and the results show that compared with the traditional GCN model, the GCN-GRU vehicle trajectory prediction model can obtain stronger temporal and spatial correlation characteristics and higher prediction accuracy. The forecasted traffic flow is highly consistent with the real checkpoint traffic flow, which verifies the reliability of the proposed method.
Automated Detection of Potholes in Pavements using Deep Neural Networks with Fine Tuning and Data Augmentation Techniques
Authors: Alencar Juliana P. , Mendes Gabriela M. P. , Mattos Cesar Lincoln C. , Gomes João P. P. , Babadopulos Lucas F. A. L. , Soares Jorge B. , Veras Marcelo B. A.
Published: June 2024

Automatic detection of potholes for pavement condition assessment leads to great savings in expenses and allows a better spending of resources destined to road infrastructure management. Out of all the available pothole detection techniques, the use of image-based methods within neural networks frameworks is the one that has offered the best balance between cost and accuracy. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are deep neural network models specially designed for image processing problems. They have achieved remarkable results in many applications. Inspired by the success of such models, in this paper, we have evaluated the performance of 8 CNN methods in the task of pothole detection from pavement images. Along with the evaluation of the CNN architectures, we have also tested the impact of using pre-trained models with fine tuning procedures and data augmentation techniques. Such procedures enable the use of fewer training images. Given the high cost and labor intensiveness of obtaining labeled images, the annotated images were intentionally randomly selected to reduce the dataset from its original size. The dataset of images is from Brazilian roads acquired from a typical setup of a camera attached to a vehicle. The results indicate that pre-trained CNN models with fine tuning constitute a promising technique for pothole detection in pavements, especially when a large amount of labeled data is not available.
Lipidic folding pathway of α-Synuclein via a toxic oligomer
Authors: Griesinger Christian , Sant Vrinda , Matthes Dirk , Mazal Hisham , Antonschmidt Leif , Wieser Franz , Movellan Kumar , Xue Kai , Nimerovsky Evgeny , Stampolaki Marianna , Nathan Magdeline , Riedel Dietmar , Becker Stefan , Sandoghdar Vahid , de Groot Bert , Andreas Loren
Published: June 2024

Aggregation intermediates play a pivotal role in the assembly of amyloid fibrils, which are central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases1,2. The structures of filamentous intermediates3 and mature fibrils4 are now efficiently determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. By contrast, smaller pre-fibrillar α-Synuclein (αS) oligomers, crucial for initiating amyloidogenesis, remain largely uncharacterized. We report an atomic-resolution structural characterization of a toxic pre-fibrillar aggregation intermediate (I1) on pathway to the formation of lipidic fibrils. Super-resolution microscopy reveals a tetrameric state, providing insights into the early oligomeric assembly. Time resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements uncover a structural reorganization essential for the transition of I1 to mature lipidic L2 fibrils. The reorganization involves the transformation of anti-parallel β-strands during the pre-fibrillar I1 state into a β-arc characteristic of amyloid fibrils. This structural reconfiguration occurs in a conserved structural kernel shared by a vast number of αS-fibril polymorphs including extracted fibrils from Parkinson’s and Lewy Body Dementia patients. Consistent with reports of anti-parallel β-strands being a defining feature of toxic αS pre-fibrillar intermediates6, I1 impacts viability of neuroblasts and disrupts cell membranes, resulting in an increased calcium influx. Our results integrate the occurrence of anti-parallel β-strands as unique features of toxic oligomers7-9 with their significant role in the amyloid fibril assembly pathway. These structural insights have implications for the development of therapies and biomarkers.
‘A novel approach to expedite evidence to impact in Pre-eclampsia: co-developed Policy Labs in Zambia and Sierra Leone.’
Authors: Kuhrt Katy , Mabula-Bwalya Chileshe , Boulding Harriet , Beardmore-Gray Alice , Ridout Alexandra , Koroma Osman , Sam Betty , Williams Prince Tommy , Smart Francis , Meleki Isabel , Mwila Meek , Chileshe Mubanga , Mawere Racheal , Hurrell Alice , Mbiiza Christabel , Vwalika Bellington , Fernandez-Turienzo Cristina , Sandall Jane , Shennan Andrew , Bramham Kate
Published: June 2024

Background
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a leading causes of maternal and neonatal mortality; 30,000 PE-related maternal deaths occur annually, with 70% in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 16% in South Asia. We have shown that early, accurate detection of hypertension combined with planned early delivery in women with suspected pre-eclampsia between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation significantly reduces stillbirth and severe maternal hypertension. There is an urgent need for this novel evidence to be included clinical management of women and babies suffering the worst outcomes. This article describes co-development and delivery of Policy Labs in Sierra Leone and Zambia as part of a strategy to expedite integration of new knowledge into Pre-eclampsia care pathways.
Methods
Working with King’s Policy Institute, we co-developed and delivered two Policy Labs based on their 8-step process and the ‘trust-translation-timing’ model. Policy Labs were undertaken in Freetown, Sierra Leone and Lusaka, Zambia. Participants were purposively selected in each setting to represent a diverse range of relevant stakeholders. Main outcome measures included Policy Lab attendance; Policy Lab delivery; Policy Lab report and agreed outputs.
Results
Two Policy Labs were held: in Zambia (14th February 2023) and Sierra Leone (7th March 2023), attended by 35 and 39 diverse stakeholders respectively, included women via pre-recorded video clips. Both labs were successfully facilitated by local, well-respected female team members, and addressed co-developed questions (‘What are enablers and barriers to offering planned early delivery between 34 and 37 weeks?’ – Zambia; ‘How can we improve timely detection and appropriate action in women with Pre-eclampsia?’ – Sierra Leone) in answer to context-specific emerging evidence. Participants at both labs identified lack of Pre-eclampsia awareness as a key barrier, and recommended development of locally designed, community based strategies to increase access to timely, evidence-based Pre-eclampsia management.
Conclusions
Policy Labs are a novel approach to facilitate transfer of new knowledge into policy and action. Future Policy Labs should feature the women, participating in real time, at the forefront of the discussion.
Exploring Novel Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Decidual Tissues
Authors: Ding Hui , Gao Yajie , Gao Yuan , Chen Yulu , Liu Ruimin , Wang Caili , Gao Yuqing
Published: June 2024

Background
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common reproductive complication, and the specific pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate RPL-related biomarkers and molecular mechanisms from the transcriptome of RPL decidua tissue using modern bioinformatics techniques, providing new perspectives for the etiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment of RPL.
Methods
Three gene expression profiles of RPL decidua tissue were retrieved and downloaded from the GEO database. Differential analysis, WGCNA analysis, and functional enrichment analysis were performed on the merged data. Subsequently, three machine learning methods (LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF) were used to select the optimal feature genes for RPL, which were experimentally validated by RT-qPCR. The immune cell infiltration in RPL was evaluated using the ssGSEA algorithm, and the biological functions of the optimal feature genes were explored. Lastly, a heatmap was constructed to assist clinical physicians.
Results
10 key differentially expressed genes were identified: CFHR1, GPR155, TIMP4, WAKMAR2, COL15A1, LNCOG, C1QL1, KLK3, XG, and XGY2. Enrichment analysis showed associations with complement and coagulation cascade pathways. The three machine learning algorithms identified CFHR1 as the optimal feature gene for RPL, and RT-qPCR confirmed its high expression in RPL. ROC curve and nomogram demonstrated its diagnostic efficacy for RPL. Immune infiltration analysis revealed increased macrophages and γδT cells in RPL decidua tissue, with a significant positive correlation between CFHR1 and macrophages.
Conclusion
Transcriptomic abnormalities exist in RPL decidua tissue, with key genes closely related to complement and coagulation cascade pathways; CFHR1 is identified as the optimal feature gene for RPL. Abnormal immune infiltration and correlation with CFHR1 are observed in RPL decidua tissue.
Exploring Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence Dynamics in Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Malashin Ivan P. , Daibagya Daniil , Tynchenko Vadim , Nelyub Vladimir , Borodulin Aleksei , Gantimurov Andrei , Selyukov Alexandr , Ambrozevich Sergey , Vasiliev Roman
Published: June 2024

The study explore machine learning techniques to predict temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra in colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets, leveraging polynomial regression models trained on experimental data from 85 to 270 K spanning temperatures to forecast photoluminescence spectra backward to 0 K and forward to 300 K. 6th-degree polynomial models with Tweedie regression were optimal for band energy B1 predictions up to 300 K, while 9th-degree models with LassoLars and Linear Regression regressors were suitable for backward predictions to 0 K. For exciton energy B2, the Lasso model of degree 5 and the Ridge model of degree 4 performed well up to 300 K, while the Tweedie model of degree 2 and Theil-Sen model of degree 2 showed promise for predictions to 0 K. Furthermore, we utilize a GA-based approach to fit experimental data to theoretical model of Fan and Varshni equations, facilitating a comparative analysis with the ML-predicted curves.
Vehicle-to-grid response to a frequency contingency in a national grid – successes and shortcomings
Authors: Sturmberg Bjorn C. P. , Lucas-Healey Kathryn , Jones Laura , Hapuarachchi Lahiru , Biljon Justus van
Published: June 2024

Vehicle-to-grid technology enables electric vehicles to contribute their large batteries and high (dis)charging powers to power systems reserves. Here we report the first demonstration of a fleet of vehicles discharging to support system security after a frequency contingency in a national grid. Our results highlight the potential of vehicle-to-grid, with vehicles discharging within 6 seconds of the contingency event, and shortcomings, with vehicles recommencing charging before the power system had fully recovered.
Porphyromonas gingivalis protease Rgp induces M1-type polarization and pyroptosis in BV-2 cells by inhibiting SIRT1 expression
Authors: CAI Hongxuan , Yaguang TIAN , Weixing SI , Zan ZHANG , Jingyi DAI , Zhurui WANG , LI Mengsen
Published: June 2024

Background
Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are age-related diseases that reciprocally act as risk factors. It has been reported that periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its gingipains contribute to neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells, playing a crucial role in the onset of AD. However, it remains unclear whether gingipains play a pro-inflammatory role by inducing senescent phenotypic changes in microglial cells.
Methods
BV-2 cells were cultured and stimulated with gingival protease (Rgp), in combination with or not SRT1720, an inhibitor of SIRT1. SA-βgal staining was used to observe the altered cellular senescent phenotype. Immunoprotein blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to confirm the results of SIRT1, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and GSDMD expression. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to detect IL-1β and IL-18 levels in supernatants and altered M1 polarization in BV-2 cells.
Results
Rgp induced BV-2 cells to present a senescent phenotype and downregulated the expression of senescence-related protein SIRT1. BV-2 cells with the senescent phenotype showed a concentration-dependent upregulation of NLRP3 upon Rgp stimulation, accompanied by a significant increase in the M1-type polarization phenotype. Simultaneously, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1 and GSDMD increased, and flow cytometry analysis indicated an increase in pyroptosis in BV-2 cells. Further restoration verification using the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 showed that, compared to the Rgp stimulation group, the SRT1720 intervention group exhibited increased SIRT1 protein expression in BV-2 cells, decreased NLRP3 expression, and a significant reduction in M1-type polarization. Additionally, the expression of Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins decreased, the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatants decreased, and cell pyroptosis was significantly reduced.
Conclusions
Porphyromonas gingivalis protease Rgp induced a senescent phenotype in BV-2 cells and promoted M1-type polarization and pyroptosis of cells by inhibiting SIRT1 expression, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response.