bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the antihypertensive effects of hexane, chloroform and methanol fractions of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet in rats Wistar
Authors: CUNHA G.H. , FECHINE F.V. , FROTA BEZERRA F.A. , MORAES M.O. , SILVEIRA E.R. , CANUTO K.M. , MORAES M.E.A.
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize components of the EOAz and its hexane (HFEOAz), chloroform (CFEOAz) and methanol (MFEOAz) fractions, and its antihypertensive effect. EOAz was extracted from leaves by hydrodistillation. Aliquot was subjected to selective desorption with silica gel column and eluted with hexane, chloroform and methanol. The components of the EOAz and fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrogen. Experiments of vascular reactivity were performed with isolated aortic rings of male Wistar rats. Antihypertensive effect was evaluated in hypertensive rats submitted to the inhibition of synthesis of nitric oxide. Blood pressure was measured indirectly by tail plethysmography. MFEOAz showed the lowest EC50 (150.45 µg/mL), 1,8-cineole (27.81%) and terpinen-4-ol (57.35%) as main components. Single administration by nasogastric tube of EOAz, fractions and captopril significantly reduced the blood pressure of hypertensive rats, when compared to animals of the negative control group with distilled water. In conclusion, the potency of the MFEOAz was higher than that of EOAz and other fractions. The antihypertensive effect of EOAz and fractions was similar, higher than the negative control and lower than that of captopril.
Pectinas de plantas medicinais: características estruturais e atividades imunomoduladoras
Authors: SEYFRIED M. , SOLDERA-SILVA A. , BOVO F. , STEVAN-HANCKE F.R. , MAURER J.B.B. , ZAWADZKI-BAGGIO S.F.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO As plantas medicinais apresentam várias propriedades terapêuticas, as quais estão relacionadas com a presença de compostos bioativos. Dentre os compostos, destacam-se as pectinas, que compreendem um grupo de polissacarídeos ácidos de relevante importância medicinal e nutracêutica. As pectinas são formadas por unidades de ácido galacturônico, unidas por ligação do tipo α-(1→4), sendo classificadas em homogalacturonanas e ramnogalacturonanas tipo I (RG-I) e tipo II (RG-II). Outros polissacarídeos constituídos por arabinose e/ou galactose têm sido isolados em associação com polissacarídeos pécticos, como as arabinogalactanas (AG) (tipo I e tipo II). As AG-II podem estar associadas a proteínas, denominadas de arabinogalactana-proteínas (AGPs). Inúmeros relatos demonstram que as pectinas, bem como as AG e AGPs, podem atuar como moduladores do sistema imunológico, sendo, por isso, consideradas modificadores da resposta biológica. A imunomodulação pode estar relacionada tanto com a atividade de macrófagos quanto com as vias do sistema complemento. Em geral, os polissacarídeos provocam um estímulo da atividade fagocitária; no aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e da secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Em relação ao sistema complemento, os polissacarídeos podem modular tanto a via clássica como a via alternativa. A presente revisão tem como objetivo principal descrever os aspectos estruturais de pectinas e suas atividades biológicas relacionadas à modulação do sistema imune. Utilizando literatura específica, estão descritas informações de 29 espécies de plantas medicinais, que apresentam como constituintes pectinas, arabinogalactanas e/ou AGPs, correlacionando suas propriedades terapêuticas com as atividades biológicas associadas ao sistema imune. Na maioria dos casos descritos na literatura, é difícil determinar como as características estruturais específicas podem estar envolvidas na modulação da atividade de macrófagos. Porém, em relação à modulação da atividade do sistema complemento fica sugerido que a presença de estruturas tipo AG-II contribuiria mais significativamente para esta atividade. Entretanto, os possíveis mecanismos de modulação de pectinas, AGs e AGPs sobre a atividade de macrófagos e/ou sobre o sistema complemento ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, mesmo assim, estes polímeros podem ser considerados potenciais candidatos para estudos que visam ao desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos com propriedades moduladoras benéficas para o sistema imunológico.
Compreendendo a relação entre saúde do ambiente e saúde humana em comunidades Quilombolas de Santa Catarina
Authors: ZANK S. , ÁVILA J.V.C. , HANAZAKI N.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Neste artigo investigamos a relação entre a saúde humana e saúde do ambiente em comunidades quilombolas do litoral de Santa Catarina, analisando a situação de saúde destas comunidades, as percepções sobre elementos que influenciam a saúde humana, as plantas medicinais conhecidas e o mapeamento de ambientes que trazem benefícios para a saúde. Foi realizado entrevistas e listagem-livre de plantas medicinais com 184 adultos (63 no Morro do Fortunato, 56 na Santa Cruz e 65 na Aldeia), e uma reunião comunitária para a realização do mapeamento participativo em cada comunidade. As comunidades quilombolas percebem diversas influências na saúde, sendo que os elementos de cuidado com o corpo foram os mais citados. A qualidade da água/ar e recreação/lazer foram os benefícios mais reconhecidos das áreas florestais para a saúde humana. Foram identificadas 152 espécies de plantas medicinais, sendo que as espécies mais citadas são plantas cultivadas e/ou que ocorrem espontaneamente próximo às moradias. O mapeamento de serviços ambientais revela áreas prioritárias para a saúde, que estão localizadas em florestas e próximo aos corpos d’água, ressaltando a importância de conservar estes locais e de construir estratégias para garantir o acesso a eles pelas comunidades.
YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF SALTBUSH IRRIGATED WITH REJECT BRINE FROM DESALINATION PLANT BY REVERSE OSMOSIS
Authors: MOURA EDYMARA SINTHIA ROCHA DE , COSME CHRISTIANO REBOUÇAS , DIAS NILDO DA SILVA , PORTELA JEANE CRUZ , SOUZA ANA CLAUDIA MEDEIROS
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Rural communities located in the Brazilian Northeast, especially in the semiarid zone, live with water shortages resulting from erratic rainfall. This work proposes the cultivation of saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) in the Rural Settlement Project of Boa Fé, Mossoró/RN as alternative to the disposal of reject brine from desalination plant on yield of forage. The statistical design was a split-plot design, being four treatments at the plots, related to irrigation with reject brine water, at different levels of soil moisture by moisture from Field Capacity (FC) (100, 85, 70 and 50% of FC) and in subplots and two levels of organic manure (without fertilized and fertilized) with four replications. The variables of yield and forage quality of saltbush were analyzed. It was observed that saltbush has a great production capacity in terms of fresh matter and drought for saltbush under a level of 85% soil moisture in relation to the field capacity of soil, presenting minimal loss of yield; however, this proved to be productive even with the dry soil. The total yield was satisfactory, showing its viability for forage production.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA ON GRAIN YIELD AND DEVELOPMENT OF FLOODED IRRIGATED RICE
Authors: BEUTLER AMAURI NELSON , BURG GIOVANE MATIAS , DEAK EVANDRO ADEMIR , SCHMIDT MARCELO RAUL , GALON LEANDRO
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Azospirillum brasilense, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, on flooded irrigated rice yield. Evaluations were carried out in a shaded nursery, with seedlings grown on an Alfisol. Were performed two sets of experiments. In the first, were carried out four experiments using the flooded rice cultivars INIA Olimar, Puitá Inta-CL, Br Irga 409 and Irga 424; these trials were set up as completely randomized design in a 5x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of five nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) and four levels of liquid inoculant Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 - A. brasilense (0, 1, 2 and 4 times the manufacturer's recommendation) without seed treatment. In second set, were performed two experiments using the cultivars Puitá Inta-CL and Br Irga 409, arranged in the same design, but using a 4x2 factorial. In this set, treatments were composed of four levels of Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 - A. brasilense liquid inoculant (0, 1, 2 and 4 times the recommendation of 100 mL ha-1), using rice seeds with and without insecticide and fungicide treatment. Shoot dry matter, number of panicles, and rice grain yield per pot were the assessed variables. The results showed that rice seed inoculation with A. brasilense had no effects on rice grain yield of the cultivars INIA Olimar, Puitá Inta-CL, Br Irga 409 and Irga 424.
SELECTIVITY OF SAFLUFENACIL APPLIED SINGLY AND IN COMBINATION WITH GLYPHOSATE ON COFFEE AND CITRUS CROPS
Authors: GONÇALVES CLEBSON GOMES , JUNIOR ANTONIO CARLOS DA SILVA , PEREIRA MARIA RENATA ROCHA , MARCHI SIDNEI ROBERTO , MARTINS DAGOBERTO
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Saflufenacil is absorbed by the plant leaves and roots, thus the residual permanence of this herbicide can cause losses to the crop plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the saflufenacil herbicide, applied singly and in combination with glyphosate, on coffee and citrus plants grown in a sandy soil. Two experiments were implemented and conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. The chemical treatments consisted of three sequential applications, with directed spraying of saflufenacil at rates of 0.035, 0.07 and 0.105 kg a.i. ha-1, glyphosate at rate of 2.160 kg a.e. ha-1, the two herbicides combined at the same rates, and a control without chemical treatment. The saflufenacil applied singly and in combination with glyphosate was selective for coffee and citrus plants, which presented no visual toxicity symptoms. The sequential application of saflufenacil, singly and in combination with glyphosate did not affect the growth of coffee and citrus plants. The saflufenacil has potential for use, in combination with glyphosate on controlling many weed species in coffee and citrus areas without any interference on the development of these species.
CASTOR BEAN PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOIL IRRIGATED WITH WATER WITH VARIOUS CATIONIC COMPOSITIONS
Authors: LIMA GEOVANI SOARES DE , GHEYI HANS RAJ , NOBRE REGINALDO GOMES , XAVIER DIEGO AZEVEDO , SOARES LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the production of castor beans, cv. 'BRS Energia', in terms of soil chemical composition as a function of the cationic nature, and salinity levels, of the irrigation water. The experiment was carried out using lysimeters in a controlled environment at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, from November 2013 to February 2014. The treatments consisted of six types of salinity (S1 - Control; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Na+ + Ca2+; S5 - K+, and S6 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+), distributed in randomized blocks with four replicates; each plot consisted of five plants for evaluation, totaling 120 experimental plots. Plants in the control treatment (S1) were irrigated with water with an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.6 dS m-1, and the other treatments (S2; S3; S4; S5 and S6) with ECw of 4.5 dS m-1, but with (a) different cation(s). Water salinity of 4.5 dS m-1 hampers castor bean production, regardless of the cationic nature of the water; castor bean 'BRS Energia' was more sensitive to salinity caused by the presence of potassium salts in the irrigation water; the mass of seeds in the primary raceme is the most sensitive variable to salinity and the cationic nature of the irrigation water; the adopted leaching fraction (0.10) was not sufficient to avoid salt accumulation in the soil; irrigation with low ECw promoted the lowest value of exchangeable sodium percentage.
AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERCROPPING OF ARUGULA WITH CARROT UNDER DIFFERENT POPULATION COMBINATIONS
Authors: BATISTA THAÍZA MABELLE DE VASCONCELOS , BEZERRA NETO FRANCISCO , SILVA ÍTALO NUNES , SILVA MAIELE LEANDRO DA , OLIVEIRA ELIANE QUEIROGA DE , BARROS JÚNIOR AURÉLIO PAES
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of intercropping combinations of carrot and arugula at different population densities in bicropping in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period September 2011 to February 2012. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The combinations were four population densities of carrot (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in sole crop - RPSC) with four population densities of arugula (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the RPSC). The recommended population densities for sole crops of carrot and arugula are 500,000 and 1,000,000 plants per hectare, respectively. All treatments were fertilized with hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.), a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The highest agronomic efficiency of carrot intercropped with arugula in bicropping was achieved in the combination of 40% of RPSC for the carrot and 100% of RPSC for the arugula. The commercial maximum yield (33.74 t ha-1) of carrot roots and the maximum yields of arugula green mass (8.06 and 2.67 t ha-1) in both cultivations were also obtained in the combination of population densities of 40% of RPSC for carrot and 100% of RPSC for arugula.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF THE COMMON BEAN IN RESPONSE TO COMBINED APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND PACLOBUTRAZOL
Authors: ALMEIDA OLIVIA MACHADO DE , MELO HYRANDIR CABRAL DE , PORTES TOMÁS DE AQUINO
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice used to increase the yield of winter bean crops. However, this practice leads to excessively tall and prostrate plants that have too many leaves, resulting in self-shading, and low yield and grain quality. The use of growth regulators could minimize the undesired effects of nitrogen fertilization. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of paclobutrazol (PBZ) for inhibiting bean growth using the cultivars BRS Pontal and BRS Supremo. The plants were treated with PBZ at different concentrations, and also in combination with ammonium sulfate ten days after fertilization. The height and yield of plants were evaluated. It was observed that PBZ at 8 mg L-1 effectively inhibits the growth of bean plants, and increases the number of pods and grains. Higher concentrations of PBZ proved to be phytotoxic. Additionally, the application of PBZ ten days after fertilization with ammonium sulfate did not suppress the overgrowth of bean plants, and did not affect their yield.
RESIDUAL ACTIVITY OF HERBICIDES APPLIED TO COTTON ON CROPS CULTIVATED IN SUCCESSION
Authors: GHENO ELIEZER ANTONIO , OLIVEIRA JUNIOR RUBEM SILVÉRIO DE , CONSTANTIN JAMIL , TAKANO HUDSON KAGUEYAMA , GEMELLI ALEXANDRE
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Herbicides with high persistence in soil can cause problems for crops sown in succession to their application. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate, in greenhouse conditions, the safe period of time after application of preemergent herbicides used on cotton crops (isolated or in mixtures) for the crops grown in succession (bean, corn, and soybean). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (5 x 11) + 1, with five repetitions. For each experiment, treatments combined different time periods between herbicide application and sowing of crops (280, 210, 140, 70, and 0 days before sowing of crops) with eleven herbicide treatments: fomesafen (625 g ha-1) prometryne (1250 g ha-1), diuron (1250 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (768 g ha-1), clomazone (1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + prometryne (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + diuron (625 + 1250 g ha-1), fomesafen + S-metolachlor (625 + 768 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone (625 + 1000 g ha-1), fomesafen + clomazone + diuron (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), and fomesafen + clomazone + prometryne (625 + 1000 + 1250 g ha-1), plus an untreated control. Applications of diuron showed the greatest persistence, causing the largest carryover effects for the three crops evaluated. The other treatments showed residual effects or affected crop development when sowings were performed up to 70 days after application. At later periods no significant damage was observed.
IRRIGATION DEFICIT STRATEGIES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF 'TOMMY ATKINS' MANGO
Authors: SANTOS MARCELO ROCHA DOS , DONATO SÉRGIO LUIZ RODRIGUES , COELHO EUGÊNIO FERREIRA , COTRIM JUNIOR PAULO ROBERTO FERNANDES , CASTRO IGOR NOGUEIRA DE
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the gas exchange, leaf temperature, yield and water use efficiency in 'Tommy Atkins' mango under irrigation deficit strategies. The experimental design was randomized block, with seven treatments with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under micro-spray and five treatments with partial root-zone drying (PRD) under drip irrigation. The treatments on RDI consisted of application of 100, 75 and 50% of ETc at the stages S1 (beginning of flowering to fruit set) S2 (fruit development) and S3 (fruit physiological maturation). The treatments on PRD consisted of application of 100, 80, 60 and 40% of ETc, in the same three stages, alternating the irrigation side every 15 days. The regulated deficit irrigation causes less negative interference in gas exchange than the partial root-zone drying, and the climate factors affect the gas exchange and leaf temperature of 'Tommy Atkins' mango more than the regulated deficit irrigation. The partial root-zone drying irrigation with 60 and 40% of ETc causes a decrease in the 'Tommy Atkins' mango yield. The regulated deficit irrigation up to 50% of ETc, applied at the fruit maturation stage, maintain the yield and water use efficiency.
CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE DIETS OF TAMBAQUI, COLOSSOMA MACROPOMUM (CUVIER, 1818), FINGERLINGS
Authors: LIMA CHARLYAN DE SOUSA , BOMFIM MARCOS ANTONIO DELMONDES , SIQUEIRA JEFFERSON COSTA DE , RIBEIRO FELIPE BARBOSA , LANNA EDUARDO ARRUDA TEIXEIRA
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Tambaqui is intensively farmed because of its production characteristics; however, there is a lack of information lacks about the nutritional requirements of this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of various crude protein (CP) levels in the diets of tambaqui fingerlings. A total of 750 fingerlings with an initial weight of 0.35 ± 0.09 g were selected in a completely randomized design with six treatments (experimental feeds with 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, and 40% CP), five replicates, and 25 fish per experimental unit. Performance, survival rate, carcass yield, body composition, protein deposition, body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated after 45 days. CP levels did not affect the following: feed conversion, survival rate, moisture content, and carcass yield. However, with increasing CP levels, protein efficiency ratio decreased. Weight gain, feed conversion, and specific growth rate improved until CP levels of 31.57%, 28.90%, and 31.12%, respectively, were achieved. Quadratic effects of elevated CP levels on body fat and body fat deposition were observed at minimum CP levels of 26.55% and 23.77%, respectively; and on body protein, body protein deposition, and nitrogen retention efficiency at maximum CP levels of 29.26%, 32.50%, and 27.21%, respectively. We conclude that a CP level of 31.57% is recommended for the diets of tambaqui fingerlings weighing between 0.35 and 15.11 g, which corresponds to a digestible energy:CP ratio of 9.50 kcal DE/g CP.
EVOLUTION OF MORPHOMETRIC MEASURES IN THE MANGALARGA MARCHADOR BREED
Authors: SANTIAGO JULIANO MARTINS , REZENDE ADALGIZA SOUZA CARNEIRO DE , LANA ÂNGELA MARIA QUINTÃO , FONSECA MAYARA GONÇALVES , LAGE JÉSSICA
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The Mangalarga Marchador breed accounts for the largest horse herd in Brazil and has been experiencing national and international expansion. Nevertheless, there is little scientific production on the evolution of this breed and there are no studies on the morphometric transformations that took place during its formation. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the evolution in morphometric measures of the Mangalarga Marchador breed between 1970 and 2010. The research used information archived at the Brazilian Association of Mangalarga Marchador Breeders from 23,148 males and 92,980 females in a completely randomized experimental design. The six treatments consisted of the animals measured between 1970 and 1979, 1980 and 1989, 1990 and 1994, 1995 and 1999, 2000 and 2004, and 2005 and 2010, respectively. The measures assessed were: height at withers and croup, length of the head, neck, back, croup, shoulder, and body, width of the head and croup, thoracic circumference, and cannon circumference Over the period analyzed, males and females experienced a reduction in thoracic circumference, in the lengths of the head, back, croup, and shoulder, and in the widths of the head and croup. In the males, neck length and cannon circumference also decreased, while body length increased in females. Over time, breed selection led to smaller head, higher stature, and shorter trunk length. However, important measures for the breed's functionality, such as shoulder length and thoracic circumference, decreased.
GENETIC PARAMETER ESTIMATES FOR PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION TRAITS IN DAIRY BUFFALOES
Authors: BARROS CAMILA DA COSTA , ASPILCUETA-BORQUIS RÚSBEL RAUL , FRAGA ANGELINA BOSSI , TONHATI HUMBERTO
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variation in milk production, milk components, and reproductive traits in dairy buffaloes. A total of 9,318 lactation records from 3,061 cows were used to estimate the heritability of milk yield (MY), fat percentage (%F), protein percentage (%P), lactation length (LL), calving interval (CI), and age at first calving (AFC), as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations between these traits. Covariance components were estimated by Bayesian inference in a multitrait animal model using the GIBBS2F90 program. Contemporary groups and number of milkings (1 or 2) were included as fixed effects, age of dam at calving (linear and quadratic effects) as a covariate, and additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual effects as random effects. The heritability estimates (± standard deviation) were 0.24 ± 0.02, 0.34 ± 0.05, 0.40 ± 0.05, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.04 for MY, %F, %P, LL, CI, and AFC, respectively. The genetic correlations between MY and %F, %P, LL, CI, and AFC were -0.29, -0.18, 0.66, 0.08, and 0.24, respectively. Milk production and milk components showed sufficient genetic variation to obtain genetic gains through selection. The genetic correlations between MY and milk components were negative, and thus, undesirable because efforts to increase MY may decrease milk quality. Reproductive traits had little genetic influence, indicating that improvement of management would be sufficient to obtain better performance.
ENTRE O DISCURSO SOLIDÁRIO E A AÇÃO PRAGMÁTICA DA COOPERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA EM MOÇAMBIQUE: os casos dos projetos de implantação da fábrica de medicamentos antirretrovirais e o ProSavana
Authors: Almeida Elga Lessa de
Published: April 2016

A cooperação brasileira com países africanos ganhou importante relevo ao longo do governo de Lula da Silva, apoiada pelo discurso da solidariedade internacional e da existência de uma dívida histórica com a África, bem como por uma prática que busca, sobretudo, estruturar setorialmente as demandas desses países, sem impor condicionalidades. Percebe-se, no entanto, que a presença brasileira em Moçambique – país que recebeu especial atenção no governo Lula da Silva – aponta para uma ambivalência dessa cooperação. Ao mesmo tempo em que o discurso propaga uma cooperação não vinculada a interesses econômicos, é observada a presença de grandes empresas brasileiras como benfeitoras nos projetos da cooperação, ou mesmo diretamente interessadas nos resultados produzidos por esses projetos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho procura evidenciar essa ambivalência e refletir sobre ela, por meio da análise de dois projetos que vão alcançar um significado importante para a cooperação técnica brasileira: o projeto da implantação da fábrica de medicamentos antirretrovirais e o Programa de Cooperação Tripartida para o Desenvolvimento Agrícola da Savana Tropical em Moçambique, o ProSavana.
MOVIMENTOS “ESPONTÂNEOS”: a resistência dos trabalhadores migrantes nos canaviais
Authors: Menezes Marilda Aparecida , Cover Maciel
Published: April 2016

Neste artigo, analisaremos algumas formas de resistência de trabalhadores migrantes de áreas rurais da região Nordeste que labutam na colheita da cana-de-açúcar nas usinas sucroalcooleiras do Estado de São Paulo. Privilegiamos a análise de alguns movimentos “espontâneos” protagonizados pelos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar nomeados como “paradeiros” ou “greves”, os quais ocorreram no período de 2007 a 2012. Nossa proposta é compreender esses movimentos, como se inicia a ação, se existem lideranças, que estratégias são utilizadas para mobilizar os trabalhadores, que outros atores sociais estão envolvidos: sindicatos, procuradores do trabalho e pastoral dos migrantes. O artigo é fundamentado em diários de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores e sindicalistas, artigos de jornais e documentação audiovisual. Essas ações de resistência acontecem em um período de transformações das relações de trabalho, marcadas pelo contexto de crescente mecanização do corte de cana e de uma maior fiscalização das condições de trabalho promovidas pelo Ministério do Emprego e Trabalho e pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho.
LEITURA NA PRISÃO FEMININA: da biblioteca ao questionamento dos gostos
Authors: Sequeiros Paula
Published: April 2016

Uma prisão feminina em Portugal foi caso de estudo sobre práticas de leitura nesse quotidiano. Consideram-se teorias sobre a prisão feminina (M.I. Cunha e C.R. Fonseca) e de uma perspetiva feminista e comparativa (M. Bosworth, B.H. Zaitzow & J. Thomas). Para compreender o que, por que e com que significados as mulheres liam, cruzando dimensões sociais, desenhou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, metodologicamente diversificada (etnografia, entrevistas individuais e grupais com leitoras e com intermediadores), incluindo usos do espaço físico e social e do tempo, relações com familiares, com outras detidas e com pessoal prisional. Analisaram-se títulos favoritos (romances cor-de-rosa, literatura industrial, light ou kitsch), tendo-se em conta gêneros literários para públicos femininos e desconstruindo-se preconceitos de gênero e classe associados à sua crítica. A interpretação foi construída com um quadro teórico diverso (A. Amorós, M. Calinescu, R. Felski, J. Radway e M. Sweeney). A análise de práticas, concetualizações e representações desvelou traços interessantes e eventualmente inesperados sobre os modos de leitura.
Trophic structure of fish fauna along the longitudinal gradient of a first-order rural stream
Authors: Nimet Jardel , Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Wolff Luciano Lazzarini , Silva Jislaine Cristina da
Published: April 2016

Abstract Aim: This study evaluated the trophic structure of the fish assemblage along the longitudinal gradient of a first-order rural stream. Methods Fish were sampled by electrofishing technique in December 2007, September 2008 and March 2009, at three stretch of the Itiz stream (headwater, middle and mouth). We sampled 1,255 individuals relating to 18 species. The categorization of trophic guilds was based on stomach content data of 1,096 individuals, analyzed according to the volumetric method, except for four species, which were classified according to the literature. To test the hypothesis of differences in the richness, abundance and biomass of trophic guilds along the headwater-mouth gradient, it was performed non-parametric statistical analysis of the dietary data. Was also calculated, the amplitude of trophic niche (Levins's index) for each guild. To summarize the composition and abundance of the trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient, we applied a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Results We registered seven guilds: herbivorous, detritivorous, aquatic insectivorous, terrestrial insectivorous, invertivorous, omnivorous and piscivorous, the latter was exclusive to headwater and middle stretches. The omnivorous guild was not recorded in the headwater. Through PERMANOVA analysis it was found that the species richness of more specialized guilds (detritivorous and insectivorous terrestrial) and of generalist invertivorous increased, while less specialized guilds like aquatic insectivorous and herbivorous, decrease significantly in headwater-mouth direction. Except by the non-expected increase of insectivorous terrestrial and decrease of herbivorous downstream, the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) identified longitudinal variations in abundance and biomass of the guilds that agree with general patterns of fish guilds distribution along environmental gradients. Conclusion These results suggest that the influence of environmental conditions around the stream (local particularities) also contributed to the formation of the observed patterns of trophic guilds along its longitudinal gradient.
Distribution of Archaeal and Bacterial communities in a subtropical reservoir
Authors: Soares Laís Américo , Santos André Cordeiro Alves Dos , Duarte Iolanda Cristina Silveira , Romagnoli Emiliana Manesco , Calijuri Maria do Carmo
Published: April 2016

Abstract Aim: Microbial communities play a central role in environmental process such as organic matter mineralization and the nutrient cycling process in aquatic ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, variability of the structure of archaeal and bacterial communities in freshwater remains understudied. Methods In the present study we investigated the richness and density of archaea and bacteria in the water column and sediments of the Itupararanga Reservoir. We also evaluated the relationship between the communities and the biotic and abiotic characteristics. Samples were taken at five depths in the water column next to the dam and three depths next to the reservoir entrance. Results PCR-DGGE evaluation of the archaeal and bacterial communities showed that both were present in the water column, even in oxygenated conditions. Conclusions The density of the bacteria (qPCR) was greater than that of the archaea, a result of the higher metabolic plasticity of bacteria compared with archaea.
Abdominal Wall Defects Among Mexican American Infants: The Effect of Maternal Nativity
Authors: Hibbs Shayna D. , Bennett Amanda , Castro Yessenia , Rankin Kristin M. , Collins, Jr. James W.
Published: April 2016

Background: US-born Mexican American women have greater rates of preterm birth and consequent overall infant mortality than their Mexico-born peers. However, the relation of Mexican American women’s
nativity to rates of congenital anomalies is poorly understood. Hispanic ethnicity and young maternal age are well-known risk factors for gastroschisis.

Objective: To determine the extent to which nativity of Mexican American women is associated with abdominal wall defects.

Methods: Stratified and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on the 2003-2004 National Center for Health Statistics linked live birth-infant death cohort. Only Mexican American infants were studied. Maternal variables examined included nativity, age, education, marital status, parity, and prenatal care usage.

Results: Infants with US-born Mexican American mothers (n=451,272) had an abdominal wall defect rate of 3.9/10,000 compared with 2.0/10,000 for those with Mexico-born mothers (n=786,878), RR=1.9 (1.5-2.4). Though a greater percentage of US-born (compared wtih Mexico-born) Mexican American mothers were teens, the nativity disparity was actually widest among women in their 20s. The adjusted (controlling for maternal age, education, marital status, parity, and prenatal care) odds ratio of abdominal wall defects among infants of US-born (compared with Mexico-born) Mexican American mothers was 1.6 (1.2-2.0).

Conclusions: US-born Mexican American women have nearly a two-fold greater rate of delivering an infant with an abdominal wall defect than their Mexico-born counterparts. This phenomenon is only partially explained by traditional risk factors and highlights a detrimental impact of lifelong residence in the United States, or something closely related to it, on the
pregnancy outcome of Mexican American women. Ethn Dis; 2016;26(2):165-170; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.165
Primary School Children’s Nutrition Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Behavior, after a Three-Year Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (HealthKick)
Authors: De Villiers Anniza , Steyn Nelia , Draper Catherine E. , Hill Jillian , Gwebushe Nomonde , Lambert Estelle V. , Lombard Carl
Published: April 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HealthKick(HK), a healthy lifestyle intervention, on nutrition knowledge, behavior, and dietary selfefficacy of school children in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.
Design: A three-year cluster randomized control trial at primary schools in low socioeconomic settings with a baseline study in 2009 and follow-up in 2010 and 2011.
Participants: Participants were Grade four children (n=500) at eight schools in the intervention group and at eight schools in the control group (n=498).
Methods: An action planning process was followed with educators whereby they identified their own school health priorities and ways to address them. Schools were provided with nutrition resources, including curriculum guidelines and the South African food-based dietary guidelines. Children completed a questionnaire comprising nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy and behavioral items.
Results: The intervention significantly improved the knowledge of the intervention group at the first (mean difference =1.88, 95%CI: .32 to 3.43, P=.021) and second follow-up (mean difference=1.92, 95%CI:
.24 to 3.60, P=.031) compared with the control group. The intervention effect for self-efficacy was not significant at the first follow-up (mean difference=.32, 95%CI: -.029 to .94, P=.281) whereas a significant
effect was observed at the second followup (mean difference=.71, 95%CI: .04 to 1.38, P=.039). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for nutritional behavior scores at any of the follow-up time points.
Conclusion: The HK intervention improved nutrition knowledge and  self-efficacy significantly in primary schoolchildren; however, it did not improve their eating behavior. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):171-180;
doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.171
Racial Disparities in Creatinine-based Kidney Function Estimates Among HIV-infected Adults
Authors: Anker Naomi , Scherzer Rebecca , Peralta Carmen , Powe Neil , Banjeree Tanushree , Shlipak Michael
Published: April 2016

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether current eGFR equations in clinical use might systematically overestimate the kidney function, and thus misclassify CKD status, of Black Americans with HIV. Specifically, we evaluated the impact of removing the race coefficient from the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations on comparisons between Black and White HIV-infected veterans related to: 1) the prevalence of reduced eGFR; 2) the distribution of eGFR values; and 3) the relationship between eGFR and all-cause mortality.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) HIV Clinical Case Registry (CCR), which actively monitors all HIV-infected persons receiving care in the VA nationally.

Patients/Participants: 21,905 treatmentnaïve HIV-infected veterans.

Main Outcome Measures: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula with and without (MDRD-RCR) the race coefficient and allcause mortality.

Results: Persons with eGFR <45 mL/ min/1.73m2 had a higher risk of death compared with those with eGFR >80 mL/ min/1.73m2 among both Blacks (HR=2.8, 95%CI: 2.4-3.3) and Whites (HR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.4-2.6), but the association appeared to be stronger in Blacks (P=.038, test for interaction). Blacks with eGFR 45- 60 mL/min/1.73m2 also had a higher risk of death (HR=1.7, 95%CI: 1.4-2.1) but Whites did not (HR=0.86, 95%CI: .67- 1.10; test for interaction: P<.0001). Racial differences were substantially attenuated when eGFR was re-calculated without the race coefficient.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that clinicians may want to consider estimating glomerular filtration rate without the race coefficient in Blacks with HIV. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):213-220; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.2.213
Cognition, Depressive Symptoms and Vascular Factors among Southwest Tribal Elders
Authors: Gachupin Francine , Romero Michael D. , Ortega Willa J. , Jojola-Dorame Rita , Hendrie Hugh , Torres, Sr. Eddie Paul , Lujan Frank , Lente Michael , Sanchez Barbara , Teller Verna , Beita Fernando , Albeita Ulysses , Lente Beatrice , Gustafson Deborah Ruth
Published: April 2016

Objectives: Few data exist on cognitive and depressive symptoms and vascular factors in American Indian (AI) elders. Since vascular risk factors increase risk for cognitive impairments, depression and dementia, and since AI elders are at high vascular risk, it is timely to assess the interplay of these factors in comprehensive studies of aging in this population. To begin, pilot studies must be conducted to show these types of data can be collected successfully.

Design: A cross-sectional pilot study, the Southwest Heart Mind Study (SHMS). Setting: Tribal community in the Southwest United States. Participants: AI elders, aged ≥55 years.

Main Outcome Measures: Cross-cultural demographic, social network and risk factor surveys; tests of cognition, depression and anxiety; physical measurements; blood biochemistries; and APOE genotyping.

Results: SHMS elders were comparable to other rural elder populations on cognitive and depressive symptom scores. The average CogScore was 28.8 (out of 32), the average Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was 6.7 (of 30), and the average Hamilton Anxiety Scale was 1.2 (of 4). 32% possessed at least one APOEe4 allele. High vascular risk was evident: 76% were overweight or obese; 54% self-reported history of hypertension; 24% heart trouble; 32% type 2 diabetes; 35% depression; and 24% a family history of serious memory loss. More than 70% reported prescription medication use. 54% cared for someone besides self.

Conclusions: A better understanding of the burden of vascular risk in relation to cognition and depression among Southwest Tribes is needed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):235- 244; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.235
The Effects of Manuscript, Cursive or Manuscript/Cursive Styles on Writing Development in Grade 2
Authors: Morin Marie-France , Lavoie Natalie , Montésinos-Gelet Isabelle
Published: April 2016

In the research area of writing development, an increasing number of researchers suggest that graphomotor skills could be much more important than they appear to be (Christensen, 2009). Few researchers have studied the link between handwriting and teaching practices, despite the fact that some studies indicate its importance (Graham, 2010). The general objective of this study is to explore the relationship between different handwriting styles and the development of writing skills among 715 children in Grade 2. Generally, our results show that the three handwriting styles (manuscript/cursive, manuscript, and cursive) have different effects on writing development (speed, quality, word production, and text production).
The Interpretive Movements of Language and Desire: Engagements of Poetry and Place in Qualitative Research
Authors: Lewkowich David
Published: April 2016

In this work, I seize on the movements of language engaged in the confusions of qualitative research. I examine the impressions and effects of a researcher’s desires, in which language serves simultaneously as a point of alienation, and as an imperfect enunciatory tool forever directed at satisfaction. Provoking a haunted analysis of autobiographical place, I also dwell in the poetic influences of topographical reading. The result is a methodological inquiry into the ways we move when we do educational re-search, and the curricular paths that languages help to inscribe in this performance.
Being and Becoming American: Triangulating Habitus, Field, and Literacy Instruction in a Multilingual Classroom
Authors: Handsfield Lara
Published: April 2016

This case study research documents how one teacher’s personal language and literacy practices and the sociopolitical structures of her profession intersect in her literacy instruction for her multilingual third grade students. Centering my analysis on Graff’s (1987) notion of the “literacy myth,” I discuss how the dialectic between Bourdieu’s habitus and field unfolds in the performative space of the classroom, challenging this discourse in small but significant ways. Complimenting research exploring students’ out-of-school language and literacy practices, this paper addresses how a teacher’s literate life history is performed in the classroom and who stands to benefit from these discursive performances.
Long-term Effects of Male Reading Tutors, Choice of Text and Computer-based Text on Boys’ Reading Achievement
Authors: Sokal Laura
Published: April 2016

Sixty-two inner-city Canadian boys identified as struggling readers participated in a 22-week intervention that examined the effects of male reading tutors, computer-based texts, and choice of reading materials. Immediately after the intervention, boys demonstrated between-group changes to reader self-perceptions and gendered views of reading but no between-group differences in achievement. Two years after the intervention’s completion, the boys’ reading comprehension achievement scores were again examined and compared to 62 non-participating boys matched at the time of the study’s onset. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups. Of the boys who participated in the intervention, working with male reading tutors and with computer-based texts did not result in higher achievement than working with female reading tutors or with print-based texts. However, boys who were not given a choice in their reading materials demonstrated reading achievement six months ahead of the boys who were given a choice.
Countering a ‘Back-to-Basics’ Approach to Teacher Education: Multiliteracies and On-Line Discussions in a Community of Practice
Authors: Cumming-Potvin Wendy Marie , Sanford Kathy
Published: April 2016

Aiming to extend sociocultural theory about literacy education in teacher programs, this article reports on results from a qualitative study conducted in a Western Australian university. The project tracked a group of initial teacher and graduate education students collaborating in on-line discussion embedded in a literacy course. The article focuses on how one pre-service teacher constructed situated identities and understandings about literacy as she interacted on-line with peers and the course instructor in a community of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991). Suggestions are provided for designing on-line CoPs that consider power and an expanded definition of literacies.
Can Learning Be Fun and Games? The Influence of Everyday Language on Students’ Content Vocabulary Use and Concept Understanding
Authors: Mongillo Geraldine
Published: April 2016

This study examined the use of everyday language employed during game play to discover if this form of classroom discourse helped adolescents learn content area vocabulary and concepts.  Data were collected in a grade 7 science class where the students played 5 instructional games during a six-week unit studying Mountain Building that targeted 26 vocabulary words.  Data collected included audio recordings, written documents, interviews, formal and informal assessments, and field notes.             Results indicated that the participants’ use of scientific language in both written and oral discourse during games was appropriate and comparable to other measures.  Further, it was discovered that during games participants used everyday language to build understandings that exceeded token use of the academic vocabulary and concepts through collaborative talk.  This study suggests that games provide a non-threatening forum for discussion and the exchange of ideas and implementing games as an alternate instructional strategy allows students to utilize their diverse ways of knowing and speaking.
Fostering Literacy Practices in Secondary Science and Mathematics Courses: Pre-service Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Murray Orr Anne , Mitton Kukner Jennifer , Timmons D.J.
Published: April 2016

A significant number of high school students struggle to read textbooks and other course materials and to write successfully in content area courses such as mathematics and science (Kane, 2011). This paper investigates how pre-service teacher education can provide a strong literacy foundation for content area teachers. A pilot study, undertaken as part of an ongoing longitudinal study, examines how secondary pre-service teachers plan to infuse their teaching of secondary mathematics and science with literacy practices.  This paper inquires into the perspectives of six mathematics and science pre-service teachers who were interviewed after completing a course in content area literacy. Pre-service teachers emphasized their growing awareness of how literacy strategies can enhance student learning in their specific subject areas.
(Re)Engendering Classroom Space: Teachers, Curriculum, Policy, and Boys’ Literacy
Authors: Pennycook Jan
Published: April 2016

How teachers are engaging with a particular Ontario curriculum resource document, Me Read? No Way!, and the problem of boys’ literacy achievement in the context of a globalized neoliberal discourse of ‘failing boys’ has important implications for pedagogy and practice in the classroom. This investigation into teachers’ work adopts a feminist poststructural framework and uses critical discourse analysis to develop two case studies based on focus group interviews with a purposeful sampling of Intermediate level teachers. Not only are boys’ perceived needs and interests driving teacher choices in pedagogy and resource materials, but girls are perceived as not having any particular educational needs at all: boys will be boys and girls will be good. This investigation concludes that teacher professional knowledge must include a more developed understanding of how the social construction of gender is negotiated in the classroom.
The Far Reaching Influence of Early Literacy Education: Beginning Teachers Look to Their Own Early Literacy Teachers as Role Models for Their Teaching
Authors: McGlynn-Stewart Monica
Published: April 2016

This qualitative research study examined how the professional practice of six beginning elementary teachers was influenced by their own childhood literacy teachers. Results illustrate that the participants' early literacy experiences varied greatly as did the ways in which those experiences intersected with their teaching practice. The participants all reported modeling their teaching after one or two specific teachers from their own childhoods. Using these role models as guides, the participants focused on teaching students whose needs were similar to their own needs as students. Implications for preservice and inservice teacher education are discussed.