bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological disruption and patent activities: adoption of robots by Chinese manufacturing firms
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zhang Jing , Jiang Kun
Published: June 2024

Using a panel of manufacturing firms in China for the period 2006 to 2015, this study investigates how the adoption of industrial robots, as a technological disruption, affects firm patent activities through intra‐industry interactions (robot adoption by peer firms in the same industry) and inter‐industry input–output linkages (robot adoption by upstream suppliers or downstream customers). We also test how these impacts are shaped by firms' absorptive capacity and external intellectual property right (IPR) protection. Our findings suggest that downstream robot adoption significantly drives firms' patent activities, whereas the impacts of robot adoption by peer firms and upstream suppliers are not statistically significant. Furthermore, the impact of robot adoption by downstream customers is magnified when firms have greater absorptive capacities and benefit from stronger IPR protection. We also exploit a policy change in 2012 related to high‐end intelligent equipment manufacturing as a quasi‐natural experiment to identify the effects of robot adoption as a form of technological disruption through different channels. Our study contributes to the literature on how technological disruption and associated uncertainties in the intra‐ and inter‐industry linkages affect firms' patent activities.
Value, logistics and violence: Contemporizing imperialism for a critical Southern criminology
Authors: Ciocchini Pablo , Greener Joe
Published: June 2024

This article develops both a critique of the Southern criminology project but also argues that a continued focus on the global organization of the economy should sit central in anti‐imperialist social science. Southern criminology, reflective of other trends in ‘decolonization’, has not placed a sustained critique of domination and exploitation central, viewing decolonization as possible without a radical upending of the global economy. This paper asserts that understanding imperialism through a materialist lens uncovers the structural forces at play in reshaping globally evolving and expansive economic infrastructures which generate and distribute surplus value. To illustrate the importance of this point for anti‐imperialist criminology, we engage with critical logistics studies which successfully shows how transnational projections of power reshape and sustain the global system of production and consumption, with which comes a series of harms and dispossessions. The variegated and fractured social orders which the revolution in circulation have required rearticulating policing, security and criminalization across multiple horizons and locations of social life. In terms of developing critical approaches to Southern criminology, a focus on critical logistics studies offers, by way of example, the possibility of grasping concrete legal orders, criminalization, and oppression central in producing the current regime of neo‐colonial circulation.
A scoping review of policing and coercive control in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer plus intimate relationships
Authors: Jennings‐Fitz‐Gerald Emma , Smith Chris M. , Hilton N. Zoe , Radatz Dana L. , Lee Jimin , Ham Elke , Snow Natalie
Published: June 2024

Coercive control is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that encompasses non‐physical behaviors used to constrain and entrap a partner. Coercive control is especially relevant to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer plus (LGBTQ+) relationships when abusers target the gender and sexual identity of their partners. Victim‐survivors, community members, and service providers often struggle to identify and intervene with this form of abuse. The role of police responding to coercive control is poorly understood, despite laws and calls to criminalize coercive control. Police responses to physical abuse in LGBTQ + relationships have caused harm, and it is important to extend this knowledge to police responses to coercive control. We conducted a systematic scoping review of international academic and gray literature sources published from 2014 through 2022 on the topic of policing coercive control within LGBTQ+ intimate relationships. We identified four interrelated policing themes across 35 sources: (1) reluctance to seek help from the police, (2) low rates of reporting abuse to police, (3) police actions following reports of IPV and coercive control, and (4) police harassment and violence increasing the experience of coercive control. Our review confirms that more research is needed on LGBTQ+ survivors of coercive control and their help‐seeking, as laws and calls to criminalize coercive control may not benefit LGBTQ+ communities.
A rapid review of strategies to manage low iron levels in adults donating whole‐blood: A focus on donor behaviour
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Gemelli Carley N. , Hyde Melissa K. , Thorpe Rachel , Masser Barbara M.
Published: June 2024

In recognition of the impact of whole‐blood donation on body iron stores, there has been an increased focus assessing the efficacy of strategies to minimise the risk of iron deficiency (ID). Whilst donor behaviour is an important determinant of success, this literature is yet to be fully synthesised to help guide blood collection agencies when implementing these strategies into routine practice. This rapid review identifies strategies for management of low iron, how they have been communicated to donors, donor compliance with advice, donor use of external health services and their effect on donor retention. Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL and Wiley online library databases were searched from 2012 to November 2023, with 29 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Five iron management strategies were identified: oral iron supplementation (IS), education, dietary advice, lengthening inter‐donation interval and switching donation type. Most studies (n = 16) focused on IS, with only four reporting how they communicated this to donors. Donor use of IS was high in controlled research environments but has not been evaluated when implemented into routine practice. None of the four studies on dietary advice included findings on donor acceptability. The proportion of donors consulting their doctor about a low iron result or their risk of ID was found to be suboptimal. However, in general, the identified strategies and communications had a positive effect on donor retention. More evidence is needed on how to increase donor knowledge and awareness of donation‐related risk of ID as well as to identify how to effectively communicate strategies to donors to ensure optimal acceptability and use.
The use of injectable subcutaneous terbutaline and topical nitroglycerin ointment in the treatment of peripheral vasopressor extravasation in 3 dogs
Authors: Lathroum Chele N. , Angulo Bracho Hernan Lizardo , Alessandrino Kayla M. , Walker Julie M.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To describe the clinical course and treatment of 3 dogs with peripheral vasopressor extravasation.

Case Series Summary

Although vasopressor extravasation (VE) is a well‐documented complication in human medicine, literature describing VE and its management in veterinary patients is sparse. VE increases patient morbidity by causing local tissue injury and necrosis. The gold standard treatment for VE, phentolamine, has been periodically limited in supply in human medicine and is not consistently available for use in veterinary medicine. An alternative protocol proposed for use in people with VE combines topical nitroglycerin application with subcutaneous terbutaline infiltration. In this report, a treatment protocol utilizing these therapies was used to treat 3 dogs with VE and secondary tissue injury.

New or Unique Information Provided

This report describes 3 cases of VE‐induced tissue injury in dogs. In addition, this report describes the use of perivascular terbutaline infiltration and topical nitroglycerin application as therapeutic management for VE in dogs.
The vertebral right heart index: A new radiographic method to assess right heart enlargement in dogs
Authors: Puccinelli Caterina , Vezzosi Tommaso , Grosso Giovanni , Tognetti Rosalba , Auriemma Edoardo , Domenech Oriol , Citi Simonetta
Published: June 2024

In veterinary medicine, the radiographic assessment of right heart enlargement (RHE) is essentially subjective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertebral right heart index (VRHi) as a new quantitative radiographic method to detect RHE in dogs. This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study, including dogs with RHE and control dogs. All dogs had to have a thoracic radiographic study and a complete echocardiography on the same day. Right heart enlargement was defined as the presence of right atrial enlargement, right ventricular enlargement, and/or hypertrophy based on echocardiography. For the radiographic study, all the radiographic views available for each case were considered for measurement: right lateral (RL), left lateral (LL), ventrodorsal (VD), and dorsoventral (DV). The VRHi was measured using LL, RL, VD, and DV views. A total of 204 dogs were included: 91 dogs with RHE and 113 control dogs. The VRHi (RL), the VRHi (LL), and the VRHi (VD) were significantly greater in dogs with RHE compared with controls (P < .0001). The best diagnostic accuracy was observed for VRHi (LL) (area under the curve [AUC] 0.86, P < .0001; cutoff ≥ 3.5 vertebrae, sensitivity [Se] 71%, specificity [Sp] 89%), followed by VRHi (RL) (AUC 0.85, P < .0001; cutoff ≥ 3.5 vertebrae, Se 68%, Sp 86%) and VRHi (VD) (AUC 0.80, P = .0004; cutoff ≥ 3.0 vertebrae, Se 57%, Sp 95%). In conclusion, the lateral VRHi in LL and RL and the VD VRHi could represent useful radiological tools for the detection of RHE in dogs.
The Development of Chinese Opera during the First Seventeen Years (1949-1966)
Authors: Que Yanhua
Published: June 2024

This essay focuses on the policy on Chinese opera from 1949 to 1966. It first examines detailed policies, such as the three-reform policy, policy on repertoires, from the the two-pronged approach and three-parallel to Double Hundred, etc. Then points out that the development of Chinese opera in the first seventeen years had a far-reaching influence on contemporary opera. Chinese opera during this period had a high degree of unity in ideology, a high degree of organization in teamwork, and a high degree of standardization in art.In the end,I tried to make a conclusion,that is the general characteristics of the opera policy in the first seventeen years (1949-1966) are reflected in the following three aspects. Firstly, policy in this period has obvious historical and cultural characteristics. Secondly, the Party's guidance of the development of opera during this period was not always smooth, and there were repetitions in the opera policy and its implementation, with difficult explorations in some major opera policies. Thirdly, the Party's policy on Chinese opera has a deep influence than before.
Recommendations for Implementation of Dog Therapy Intervention in the Athletic Training Facility
Authors: Covach Rebecca , Keenan Lindsey , Duckett Emily
Published: June 2024

Dog therapy is implemented in various healthcare fields because of its unique ability to reduce perceived anxiety and hormonal stress, increase positive patient relationships with practitioners, and assist with demonstrating procedures. However, implementation of dog therapy in a clinical athletic training setting is not frequently discussed in relevant literature. This article outlines recommendations for the use and efficacy of therapy dogs in an athletic training facility, based on data from several studies across various healthcare fields. We provide information regarding best practice recommendations to incorporate therapy dogs into athletic training services, as well as the necessary administrative aspects and safeguards. Athletic trainers can use these recommendations and framework to explore the implementation of dog therapy into clinical practice.
A vast space of compact strategies for effective decisions
Authors: Ma Tzuhsuan , Hermundstad Ann M.
Published: June 2024

Inference-based decision-making, which underlies a broad range of behavioral tasks, is typically studied using a small number of handcrafted models. We instead enumerate a complete ensemble of strategies that could be used to effectively, but not necessarily optimally, solve a dynamic foraging task. Each strategy is expressed as a behavioral “program” that uses a limited number of internal states to specify actions conditioned on past observations. We show that the ensemble of strategies is enormous—comprising a quarter million programs with up to five internal states—but can nevertheless be understood in terms of algorithmic “mutations” that alter the structure of individual programs. We devise embedding algorithms that reveal how mutations away from a Bayesian-like strategy can diversify behavior while preserving performance, and we construct a compositional description to link low-dimensional changes in algorithmic structure with high-dimensional changes in behavior. Together, this work provides an alternative approach for understanding individual variability in behavior across animals and tasks.
High-entropy doping promising ultrahigh-Ni Co-free single-crystalline cathode toward commercializable high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liang Longwei , Su Maoshui , Sun Zhefei , Wang Lixian , Hou Linrui , Liu Haodong , Zhang Qiaobao , Yuan Changzhou
Published: June 2024

The development of advanced layered Ni-rich cathodes is essential for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the prevalent Ni-rich cathodes are still plagued by inherent issues of chemomechanical and thermal instabilities and limited cycle life. For this, here, we introduce an efficient approach combining single-crystalline (SC) design with in situ high-entropy (HE) doping to engineer an ultrahigh-Ni cobalt-free layered cathode of LiNi
0.88
Mn
0.03
Mg
0.02
Fe
0.02
Ti
0.02
Mo
0.02
Nb
0.01
O
2
(denoted as HE-SC-N88). Thanks to the SC- and HE-doping merits, HE-SC-N88 is featured with a grain-boundary-free and stabilized structure with minimal lattice strain, preventing mechanical degradation, reducing surface parasitic reactions, and mitigating oxygen loss. Accordingly, our HE-SC-N88 cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical properties particularly with prolonged cycling stability under strenuous conditions in both half and full cells, and the delayed O loss–induced phase transitions upon heating. More meaningfully, our design of HE doping in redefining the ultrahigh-Ni Co-free SC cathodes will make a tremendous progress toward industrial application of next-generation LIBs.
SpoIIQ-dependent localization of SpoIIE contributes to septal stability and compartmentalization during the engulfment stage of
Bacillus subtilis
sporulation
Authors: Dehghani Behzad , Rodrigues Christopher D. A.
Published: June 2024

During spore development in bacteria, a polar septum separates two transcriptionally distinct cellular compartments, the mother cell and the forespore. The conserved serine phosphatase SpoIIE is known for its critical role in the formation of this septum and activation of compartment-specific transcription in the forespore. Signaling between the mother cell and forespore then leads to activation of mother cell transcription and a phagocytic-like process called engulfment, which involves dramatic remodeling of the septum and requires a balance between peptidoglycan synthesis and hydrolysis to ensure septal stability and compartmentalization. Using
Bacillus subtilis
, we identify an additional role for SpoIIE in maintaining septal stability and compartmentalization at the onset of engulfment. This role for SpoIIE is mediated by SpoIIQ, which anchors SpoIIE in the engulfing membrane. A SpoIIQ mutant (SpoIIQ Y28A) that fails to anchor SpoIIE, results in septal instability and miscompartmentalization during septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis, when other septal stabilization factors are absent. Our data support a model whereby SpoIIE and its interactions with the peptidoglycan synthetic machinery contribute to the stabilization of the asymmetric septum early in engulfment, thereby ensuring compartmentalization during spore development.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial sporulation is a complex process involving a vast array of proteins. Some of these proteins are absolutely critical and regulate key points in the developmental process. Once such protein is SpoIIE, known for its role in the formation of the polar septum, a hallmark of the early stages of sporulation, and activation of the first sporulation-specific sigma factor, σF, in the developing spore. Interestingly, SpoIIE has been shown to interact with SpoIIQ, an important σF-regulated protein that functions during the engulfment stage. However, the significance of this interaction has remained unclear. Here, we unveil the importance of the SpoIIQ-SpoIIE interaction and identify a role for SpoIIE in the stabilization of the polar septum and maintenance of compartmentalization at the onset of engulfment. In this way, we demonstrate that key sporulation proteins, like SpoIIQ and SpoIIE, function in multiple processes during spore development.
The
yad
and
yeh
fimbrial loci influence gene expression and virulence in enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
O157:H7
Authors: Gonyar Laura A. , Sauder Amber B. , Mortensen Lindsay , Willsey Graham G. , Kendall Melissa M.
Published: June 2024

Fimbriae are essential virulence factors for many bacterial pathogens. Fimbriae are extracellular structures that attach bacteria to surfaces. Thus, fimbriae mediate a critical step required for any pathogen to establish infection by anchoring a bacterium to host tissue. The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) O157:H7encodes 16 fimbriae that may be important for EHEC to initiate infection and allow for productive expression of virulence traits important in later stages of infection, including a type III secretion system (T3SS) and Shiga toxin; however, the roles of most EHEC fimbriae are largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide evidence that two EHEC fimbriae, Yad and Yeh, modulate expression of diverse genes including genes encoding T3SS and Shiga toxin and that these fimbriae are required for robust colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings reveal a significant and previously unappreciated role for fimbriae in bacterial pathogenesis as important determinants of virulence gene expression.

IMPORTANCE

Fimbriae are extracellular proteinaceous structures whose defining role is to anchor bacteria to surfaces. This is a fundamental step for bacterial pathogens to establish infection in a host. Here, we show that the contributions of fimbriae to pathogenesis are more complex. Specifically, we demonstrate that fimbriae influence expression of virulence traits essential for disease progression in the intestinal pathogen enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria express multiple fimbriae; therefore, these findings may have broad implications for understanding how pathogens use fimbriae, beyond adhesion, to initiate infection and coordinate gene expression, which ultimately results in disease.
Presurgical structural imaging and clinical outcome in combined bed nucleus of the stria terminalis–nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Wang Fengting , Dai Lulin , Wang Tao , Zhang Yingying , Wang Yuhan , Zhao Yijie , Pan Yixin , Bian Liuguan , Li Dianyou , Zhan Shikun , Lai Yijie , Voon Valerie , Sun Bomin
Published: June 2024

Background

Structural imaging holds great potential for precise targeting and stimulation for deep brain stimulation (DBS). The anatomical information it provides may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of DBS in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Aims

The primary aim is to identify preoperative imaging biomarkers that correlate with the efficacy of DBS in patients with TRD.

Methods

Preoperative imaging parameters were estimated and correlated with the 6-month clinical outcome of patients with TRD receiving combined bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)–nucleus accumbens (NAc) DBS. White matter (WM) properties were extracted and compared between the response/non-response and remission/non-remission groups. Structural connectome was constructed and analysed using graph theory. Distances of the volume of activated tissue (VAT) to the main modulating tracts were also estimated to evaluate the correlations.

Results

Differences in fibre bundle properties of tracts, including superior thalamic radiation and reticulospinal tract, were observed between the remission and non-remission groups. Distance of the centre of the VAT to tracts connecting the ventral tegmental area and the anterior limb of internal capsule on the left side varied between the remission and non-remission groups (p=0.010, t=3.07). The normalised clustering coefficient (γ) and the small-world property (σ) in graph analysis correlated with the symptom improvement after the correction of age.

Conclusions

Presurgical structural alterations in WM tracts connecting the frontal area with subcortical regions, as well as the distance of the VAT to the modulating tracts, may influence the clinical outcome of BNST–NAc DBS. These findings provide potential imaging biomarkers for the DBS treatment for patients with TRD.
Variation in completeness of coding external cause of injuries under ICD-10-CM
Authors: Stewart Christine C , Simon Gregory , Ahmedani Brian K , Beck Arne , Daida Yihe G , Lynch Frances L , Owen-Smith Ashli A , Negriff Sonya L , Rossom Rebecca , Sterling Stacy A , Lu Christine Y , Schoenbaum Michael
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Information about causes of injury is key for injury prevention efforts. Historically, cause-of-injury coding in clinical practice has been incomplete due to the need for extra diagnosis codes in the International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding. The transition to ICD-10-CM and increased use of clinical support software for diagnosis coding is expected to improve completeness of cause-of-injury coding. This paper assesses the recording of external cause-of-injury codes specifically for those diagnoses where an additional code is still required.

Methods

We used electronic health record and claims data from 10 health systems from October 2015 to December 2021 to identify all inpatient and emergency encounters with a primary diagnosis of injury. The proportion of encounters that also included a valid external cause-of-injury code is presented.

Results

Most health systems had high rates of cause-of-injury coding: over 85% in emergency departments and over 75% in inpatient encounters with primary injury diagnoses. However, several sites had lower rates in both settings. State mandates were associated with consistently high external cause recording.

Conclusions

Completeness of cause-of-injury coding improved since the adoption of ICD-10-CM coding and increased slightly over the study period at most sites. However, significant variation remained, and completeness of cause-of-injury coding in any diagnosis data used for injury prevention planning should be empirically determined.
Placing the balloon-guide catheter in the high cervical segment of the internal carotid artery is associated with improved recanalization
Authors: Moreu Manuel , Gómez-Escalonilla Carlos , Miralbes Salvador , Naravetla Bharath , Spiotta Alejandro M , Loehr Christian , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , McTaggart Ryan A , Defreyne Luc , Vega Pedro , Zaidat Osama O , Price Lori Lyn , Liebeskind David S , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Gupta Rishi , Rosati Santiago
Published: June 2024

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is part of the standard of care for stroke treatment, and improving its efficacy is one of the main objectives of clinical investigation. Of importance is placement of the distal end of balloon-guided catheters (BGC). We aim to determine if this influences outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed data from the ASSIST Registry, an international, multicenter prospective study of 1492 patients. We divided patients treated with BGC according to the placement of the BGC: low cervical (LCG (the lower 2/3 of cervical internal carotid artery (ICA)) or high cervical (HCG (upper 1/3 of cervical ICA, petro-lacerum or higher)). We analyzed characteristics and outcomes overall and stratified on the primary MT technique: Stent-Retriever only (SR Classic), Combined use of aspiration catheter and SR (Combined), and Direct Aspiration (ADAPT).

Results

Our study included 704 subjects —323 in the low cervical and 381 in the high cervical groups. Statistical differences were seen in the proportion of females and tandem lesions (both higher for LCG). Placing the BGC in the high cervical segment is associated with better recanalization rates (expanded treatment in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score of 2c-3) at the end of the procedure (P<0.0001) and shorter procedures (P=0.0005). After stratifying on the three primary techniques (SR Classic, Combined, and ADAPT), placing the BGC in the high segment is associated with a better first-pass effect (FPE), less distal emboli, and better clinical outcomes in the SR Classic technique.

Conclusions

Placing the distal end of the BGC at the high cervical segment or higher is associated with better recanalization.
Cost-effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with established large infarct in Germany: a decision tree and Markov model
Authors: Gottschalk Sophie , König Hans-Helmut , Subtil Fabien , Bonekamp Susanne , Denis Angelique , Aamodt Anne Hege , Fuentes Blanca , Gizewski Elke R , Hill Michael D , Krajina Antonin , Pierot Laurent , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Zeleňák Kamil , Bendszus Martin , Thomalla Götz , Dams Judith
Published: June 2024

Background

Recent studies, including the TENSION trial, support the use of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke with large infarct (Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) 3–5).

Objective

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of EVT compared with best medical care (BMC) alone in this population from a German healthcare payer perspective.

Methods

A short-term decision tree and a long-term Markov model (lifetime horizon) were used to compare healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between EVT and BMC. The effectiveness of EVT was reflected by the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcome from the TENSION trial. QALYs were based on published mRS-specific health utilities (EQ-5D-3L indices). Long-term healthcare costs were calculated based on insurance data. Costs (reported in 2022 euros) and QALYs were discounted by 3% annually. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties.

Results

Compared with BMC, EVT yielded higher lifetime incremental costs (€24 257) and effects (1.41 QALYs), resulting in an ICER of €17 158/QALY. The results were robust to parameter variation in sensitivity analyses (eg, 95% probability of cost-effectiveness was achieved at a willingness to pay of >€22 000/QALY). Subgroup analyses indicated that EVT was cost-effective for all ASPECTS subgroups.

Conclusions

EVT for acute ischemic stroke with established large infarct is likely to be cost-effective compared with BMC, assuming that an additional investment of €17 158/QALY is deemed acceptable by the healthcare payer.
An integrated assessment of impacts to ecosystem services associated with prairie pothole wetland drainage quantifying wide-ranging losses
Authors: Whitfield Colin J. , Cavaliere Emily , Baulch Helen M. , Clark Robert G. , Spence Christopher , Shook Kevin R. , He Zhihua , Pomeroy John W. , Wolfe Jared D.
Published: June 2024

In many regions, a tradeoff exists between draining wetlands to support the expansion of agricultural land, and conserving wetlands to maintain their valuable ecosystem services. Decisions about wetland drainage are often made without identifying the impacts on the services these systems provide. We address this gap through a novel assessment of impacts on ecosystem services via wetland drainage in the Canadian prairie landscape. Draining pothole wetlands has large impacts, but sensitivity varies among the indicators considered. Loss of water storage increased the magnitude of median annual flows, but absolute increases with drainage were higher for larger, less frequent events. Total phosphorus exports increased in concert with streamflow. Our analysis suggested disproportionate riparian habitat losses with the first 30% of wetland area drained. Dabbling ducks and wetland-associated bird abundances respond strongly to the loss of small wetland ponds; abundances were predicted to decrease by half with the loss of only 20%–40% of wetland area. This approach to evaluating changes to key wetland ecosystem services in a large region where wetland drainage is ongoing can be used with an economic valuation of the drainage impacts, which should be weighed against the benefits associated with agricultural expansion.
Differentiating dilatons from the axions by their mixing with photons
Authors: Chaubey Ankur , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Singh Damini , Singh Venktesh , Ganguly Avijit K.
Published: June 2024

The quanta of scalar fields like the dilaton ($$\phi $$
ϕ
) of scale symmetry origin and those of pseudoscalar fields like the axion ($$\phi '$$

ϕ
′

) of Peccei–Quinn symmetry origin couple to di-photons through dimension-5 operators. In a magnetized medium (MM), they in principle can interact with the two transverse ($$A_{\parallel ,\perp }$$

A

‖
,
⊥

) and one longitudinal ($$A_{L}$$

A
L

) degree of freedom of photons ($$\gamma $$
γ
) as long as the total spin is conserved. However, of $$\phi $$
ϕ
and $$\phi '$$

ϕ
′

, only one interacts with $$A_{L}$$

A
L

. We found that the ambient external magnetic field B and media break the intrinsic Lorentz symmetry of the system affecting the dispersion relation of the propagating modes. The boost and the rotational symmetry along and around B are however the ones that are preserved. Invoking C, P, and T symmetries, we analyze the mixing dynamics of $$\phi \gamma $$

ϕ
γ

and $$\phi '\gamma $$

ϕ
′

γ

systems and the structural difference in their mixing pattern. It is noted that while the $$\phi \gamma $$

ϕ
γ

mixing matrix is $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

, the $$\phi ^{\prime }\gamma $$

ϕ
′

γ

is governed by a $$4\times 4$$

4
×
4

mixing matrix. Using the exact solutions of both systems in MM, we estimate the strength of the electromagnetic (EM) signals available due to these interactions, which are found to be different in strength. We conclude by commenting on (a) the possibility of detecting this difference in polarimetric observables of the EM signal, (b) the implications of these different mixing patterns with respect to the minimum detectable signal for astrophysical observations, and (c) the variation in the energy of the dispersed photons of different polarization with the variation in B.
Exact cosmological models in metric-affine F(R, T) gravity
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: June 2024

A flat Friedmann–Lematre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime metric was used to investigate some exact cosmological models in metric-affineF(R, T) gravity in this paper. The considered modified Lagrangian function is$$F(R,T)=R+\lambda T$$F(R,T)=R+λT, whereRis the Ricci curvature scalar,Tis the torsion scalar for the non-special connection, and$$\lambda $$λis a model parameter. We also wrote$$R=R^{(LC)}+u$$R=R(LC)+uand$$T=T^{(W)}+v$$T=T(W)+v, where$$R^{(LC)}$$R(LC)is the Ricci scalar curvature with respect to the Levi–Civita connection and$$T^{(W)}$$T(W)is the torsion scalar with respect to the Weitzenbock connection, anduandvare the functions of scale factora(t), connection and its derivatives. For the scale factora(t), we have obtained two exact solutions of modified field equations in two different situations ofuandv. Using this scale factor, we have obtained various geometrical parameters to investigate the universe’s cosmological properties. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to analyze two types of latest datasets: cosmic chronometer (CC) data (Hubble data) points and Pantheon SNe Ia samples, and found the model parameters that fit the observations best at$$1-\sigma $$1-σ, and$$2-\sigma $$2-σregions. We have performed a comparative and relativistic study of geometrical and cosmological parameters. In model-I, we have found that the effective equation of state (EoS) parameter$$\omega _{eff}$$ωeffvaries in the range$$-1\le \omega _{eff}\le 0$$-1≤ωeff≤0, while in model-II, it varies as$$-1.0345\le \omega _{eff}\le 0$$-1.0345≤ωeff≤0. We found that both models are transit phase (moving from slowing down to speeding up) universes with a transition redshift$$z_{t}=0.5874_{-0.0197}^{+0.2130}$$zt=0.5874-0.0197+0.2130and$$z_{t}=0.6865_{-0.0303}^{+0.1719}$$zt=0.6865-0.0303+0.1719.
Seizure Detection of EEG Signals Based on Multi-Channel Long- and Short-Term Memory-Like Spiking Neural Model
Authors: Wu Min , Peng Hong , Liu Zhicai , Wang Jun
Published: June 2024

Seizure is a common neurological disorder that usually manifests itself in recurring seizure, and these seizures can have a serious impact on a person’s life and health. Therefore, early detection and diagnosis of seizure is crucial. In order to improve the efficiency of early detection and diagnosis of seizure, this paper proposes a new seizure detection method, which is based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and multi-channel long- and short-term memory-like spiking neural P (LSTM-SNP) model. First, the signal is decomposed into 5 levels by using DWT transform to obtain the features of the components at different frequencies, and a series of time–frequency features in wavelet coefficients are extracted. Then, these different features are used to train a multi-channel LSTM-SNP model and perform seizure detection. The proposed method achieves a high seizure detection accuracy on the CHB-MIT dataset: 98.25% accuracy, 98.22% specificity and 97.59% sensitivity. This indicates that the proposed epilepsy detection method can show competitive detection performance.
Amalgamating an intelligent variant of the gravitational search algorithm with decision trees for email spam detection
Authors: Kundra Sheetal , Kant Rama , Singh Sanjiv Kumar , Saini Rupinder , Gupta Brijesh Kumar , Manukonda Vishnu Sandeep Reddy , Jain Vishal
Published: June 2024

In today’s interconnected digital world, email remains a primary mode of digital interaction valued for its suitability in official, academic and business communications. However, despite its utility, email faces significant challenges due to the widespread presence of spam in various forms, such as phishing, suspicious attachments and deceptive content. This issue not only affects the efficiency and security of email communication but also poses a barrier to its reliability. Therefore, it is essential to devise effective methods to tackle the escalating count of spam emails. This research work presents an intriguing methodology to combat the persistent problem of email spam. The proposed method, abbreviated as AIGSADT, is an amalgamation of the intelligent variant of the gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) and decision trees (DTs). The machine learning-based DT algorithm is individually inadequate for dealing with the large amount of constructive data on a certain attribute due to its instability and ineffectiveness. The proposed AIGSADT approach integrates the IGSA algorithm, which is effective in handling large amounts of data to detect email spam. This is achieved by constructing decision trees employing gravitational forces as the means of information transfer through mass agents. Here, the intelligent factor of the IGSA algorithm prevents the trapping of GSA agents in local optima by updating their positions based on information provided by the best and worst agents. The performance of the presented AIGSADT approach is analyzed through experiments conducted on various categories available in the Ling spam dataset. These experimental evaluations aim to analyze the significance of different pre-processing modules across different dataset categories. The comparative analysis indicates the supremacy of the proposed approach compared to state-of-the-art methodologies.
Quantifying the effect of nonnearest-neighbor hop on transport efficiency in the presence of reciprocity
Authors: Pan Xinxin , Zhang Hongjuan
Published: June 2024

Nonnearest-neighbor hop during random walks is observed in various real situations and their nontrivial roles are also confirmed. On the other hand, the reciprocity also can significantly impact dynamical processes on weighted networks. However, the roles of nonnearest-neighbor hop are less explored in the presence of reciprocity. Here, we quantify the effect of nonnearest-neighbor hop on random walks in the presence of reciprocity. Specifically, a class of directed weighted fractal scale-free networks is proposed to accommodate reciprocity. Subsequently, mixed random walk that includes both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor jump is defined on the networks. Finally, a trap is placed at a node of the networks and the average trapping time (ATT) is derived analytically and exactly to determine the effect of next-nearest-neighbor hop on transport efficiency. The obtained closed form solution of ATT shows that (1) Dependent on the combination of values of parameters governing network evolution and reciprocity, ATT can grow linearly, sub-linearly or super-linearly with network size. (2) The parameter manipulating mixed random walk only modifies the prefactor of ATT, so the next-nearest-neighbor hop has no effect on the scaling of transport efficiency in the presence of reciprocity. (3) The weight parameter enters into both the prefactor and leading scaling of ATT, so reciprocity impacts the transport efficiency both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CWW GMAW
Authors: Ma Chaofan , Wang Xianglong , Ni Zhengxuan , Chen Zhihong , Yang Zhidong
Published: June 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the microstructure and welding properties of cable-type welding wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) in shipping steel. In contrast to the untreated weld, the width of the heat-affected zone of the weld after heat treatment decreased. The microstructure of welded joints following heat treatment and air cooling is relatively and finer compared to the grain structure after furnace cooling and without heat treatment. The tensile strength of welded joints decreases compared to that of untreated weld, while it is higher than that of joints after heat treatment and furnace cooling. The impact toughness of heat treatment is higher than that of the weld seam, heat-affected zone, and fusion line without heating treatment, and the impact performance is higher than that of post-weld heat treatment with furnace cooling.
Dynamics of several optical soliton solutions of a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with parabolic law in optical fibers
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kukkar Akshat
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we address various optical soliton solutions and demonstrate the different dynamics of solitary waves to a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with parabolic law (NLSE) using a newly created powerful and effective method named as the extended generalized Riccati equation mapping method. This technique presents an organized manner to reveal the essential dynamics. There is great significance of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their several formulations in numerous fields of science, particularly in nonlinear optics, optical fibers, quantum electronics, and plasma physics. Through the use of numerical simulations and mathematical analysis, we explore the characteristics and behavior of these solitary wave solutions in a variety of scientific contexts. These results demonstrate the essential complexity of the governing equation and yield novel derived solutions. These solutions contribute to a better understanding of nonlinear wave phenomena by highlighting the fundamental dynamics establishing solitary waves in the NLSE. To enhance our wider knowledge, we provide effective graphic representations of the nonlinear wave structures in the derived solutions utilizing a variety of graphs, including 3D, 2D, and density plots. Moreover, a specific transformation has been applied to transform the system into a planar dynamical system, and several phase portraits have been presented to examine its behavior. Furthermore, upon introducing a perturbed term, chaotic behavior has been observed across different parameter values through both two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics.
Abnormal Detection of Commutator Surface Defects Based on YOLOv8
Authors: Li ZhiYuan , Kwan Ban-Hoe , Tham Mau-Luen , Ng Oon-Ee , Wang Patrick Shen-Pei
Published: June 2024

The YOLOv8 model has high detection efficiency and classification accuracy in detecting commutator surface defects, aimed at the problem of low working efficiency of a commutator, caused by commutator surface defects. First, the theoretical framework of Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN), spatial pyramid pooling (SPP)-net, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN is introduced, and the detection principle and process are described in detail. Secondly, the principle of the YOLOv8 network structure, head structure, neck structure, and C2f module are explained, and the loss function is described. The average precision of the proposed algorithm for detecting cracks and small points is more than 98%, and the frames per second (FPS) is 27. The detection results are mapped to the original image, and the visualization of the commutator surface defect detection is obtained, which has a higher robustness, accuracy, and real-time performance than the R-CNN, SPP-net, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN algorithms.
Thermal Modeling and Analysis of 3D ICS with Heat Dissipation Effect of Power Distribution Networks
Authors: Feng Yinghao , Dong Gang , Liu Daihang , Zhi Changle , Yang Deguang , Wang Yang , Zhu Zhangming , Yang Yintang
Published: June 2024

High-performance three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) are now severely constrained by the thermal issue resulting from the high-power density and limited thermal conductivity among vertically stacked chips. The power distribution networks (PDNs) in 3D ICs are composed of good thermal conductors, but several existing methods are unable to demonstrate their heat dissipation effect successfully, and the thermal models of 3D ICs currently used are either incomplete or have significant errors. In this paper, the Adaptive Unit Difference Iterative (AUDI) method is proposed to establish the equivalent thermal model which can characterize the temperature distribution of 3D ICs accurately. Compared with the simulation results from the Finite Element Method (FEM) tool, the proposed model improves the computational efficiency greatly, and the error in temperature responses is within 3%. The model is used to analyze the effect of 3D PDNs parameters on temperature characteristics and the priority of temperature optimization is indicated, which is of significance for the thermal design.
Multi-Response Optimization of Mechanical Properties of MWCNTs Fused GFRPs Using RSM-Based GRA and Mother Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Rajeswari Ch. , Punna Eshwaraiah
Published: June 2024

This study delves into enhancing the mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) by integrating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the hand layup method. Integrated response surface methodology (RSM) combined with grey relational analysis (GRA) and mother optimization algorithm (MOA) was employed to predict multiple responses simultaneously. Fabrication parameters: MWCNT loading, sonication time, oven curing temperature and output responses, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and shear beam strength in longitudinal and traverse directions are considered. The experiments are planned as per the Box-Behnken design of RSM, and responses have been noted. GRA applications are used to convert multi-responses into a single response, i.e. GRG. RSM is applied to postulate the mathematical equation to create a relationship between the fabrication parameters and GRG. The MOA is then used to maximize GRG value, which indicates enhanced multi-responses. Research shows that adding MWCNTs considerably strengthens GFRPs’ mechanical aspects. The predicted fabricating setting is validated with confirmatory tests, showing considerable improvements in mechanical properties.
MA-BBOB: A Problem Generator for Black-Box Optimization Using Affine Combinations and Shifts
Authors: Vermetten Diederick , Ye Furong , Bäck Thomas , Doerr Carola
Published: June 2024

Choosing a set of benchmark problems is often a key component of any empirical evaluation of iterative optimization heuristics. In continuous, single-objective optimization, several sets of problems have become widespread, including the well-established BBOB suite. While this suite is designed to enable rigorous benchmarking, it is also commonly used for testing methods such as algorithm selection, which the suite was never designed around.

We present the MA-BBOB function generator, which uses the BBOB suite as component functions in an affine combination. In this work, we describe the full procedure to create these affine combinations and highlight the trade-offs of several design decisions, specifically the choice to place the optimum uniformly at random in the domain. We then illustrate how this generator can be used to gain more low-level insight into the function landscapes through the use of exploratory landscape analysis.

Finally, we show a potential use-case of MA-BBOB in generating a wide set of training and testing data for algorithm selectors. Using this setup, we show that the basic scheme of using a set of landscape features to predict the best algorithm does not lead to optimal results, and that an algorithm selector trained purely on the BBOB functions generalizes poorly to the affine combinations.
Incentive-Aware Recommender Systems in Two-Sided Markets
Authors: Dai Xiaowu , Xu Wenlu , Qi Yuan , Jordan Michael
Published: June 2024

Online platforms in the Internet Economy commonly incorporate recommender systems that recommend products (or “arms”) to users (or “agents”). A key challenge in this domain arises from myopic agents who are naturally incentivized to
exploit
by choosing the optimal arm based on current information, rather than
exploring
various alternatives to gather information that benefits the collective. We propose a new recommender system that aligns with agents’ incentives while achieving asymptotically optimal performance, as measured by regret in repeated interactions. Our framework models this incentive-aware system as a multi-agent bandit problem in two-sided markets, where the interactions of agents and arms are facilitated by recommender systems on online platforms. This model incorporates incentive constraints induced by agents’ opportunity costs. In scenarios where opportunity costs are known to the platform, we show the existence of an incentive-compatible recommendation algorithm. This algorithm pools recommendations between a genuinely good arm and an unknown arm using a randomized and adaptive strategy. Moreover, when these opportunity costs are unknown, we introduce an algorithm that randomly pools recommendations across all arms, utilizing the cumulative loss from each arm as feedback for strategic exploration. We demonstrate that both algorithms satisfy an ex-post fairness criterion, which protects agents from over-exploitation. All code for using the proposed algorithms and reproducing results is made available on GitHub.