bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of a Novel Thermoelectric Micro-Device with Electrodeposited Bi-Te Alloys
Authors: Guo S. , Su Ning , Li Fu , Liu Da Wei , Li Bo
Published: August 2018

A novel thermoelectric micro-device was designed with n-type and p-type Bi-Te materials alloys via a template electrodeposition process. The glass template including 250 holes in 10×10 mm2with a thickness of 200~ 400 µm. The diameter of the holes is 50~ 80 µm and the distance of adjacent centers of the holes is 200 µm. According to the design, the performance of heat transference and thermoelectric energy generation are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. In order to simplify model, there are 16 units in total, and each unit is made up of 16 (4 × 4) pillars. In the simulation, the largest temperature difference is 7.8K on the conditions of 500 W/m2K in convection heat transfer coefficients and the maximum output potential of the module is 21.7 mV. The maximum output power achieved 96.9 µW under 500 W/m2K of heat transfer coefficient and 10 mA of current. Under ideal conditions, the value of open circuit voltage and maximum output power increases to nine times as the model, but short circuit current remains the same. When the heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2K and the current density is 10 mA, the maximum output power of the actual product achieved 871.7 µW.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4@C Spheres as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Li , Wang Zhi Hao , Jiang Gao Xue
Published: August 2018

Fe3O4@C spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction at 190°C followed by a low temperature heat annealing at 600 °C and applied as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. The electrochemical performances of as-synthesized Fe3O4@C were systemically investigated. A reversible capacity of 873 mAh g-1 is obtained in the second cycle at 400 mA g-1. More importantly, the discharge specific capacity can still maintain at about 767 mAh g-1 after 80 cycles. Moreover, Fe3O4@C spheres electrode shows satisfactory rate capability even at a rate up to 2000 mA g-1. Thus, the results demonstrate that Fe3O4@C spheres show encouraging application potential to be an advanced anode material for lithium storage
Fabrication of Graphitic Carbon Spheres via a Hydrothermal Carbonization Combined Catalytic Graphitization Method Using Cobalt as Catalysts
Authors: Li Sai Sai , Wang Jun Kai , Zhu Qing , Zhao Xiao Wei , Zhang Hai Jun
Published: August 2018

Graphitic carbon spheres (GCS) with an average diameter of 1.6 μm were prepared via a hydrothermal carbonization combined catalytic graphitization method using glucose as carbon source and cobalt nitrate as catalyst precursor. The as-prepared GCS were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the optimal weight ratio of Co catalyst for graphitization of amorphous carbonaceous spheres was 2.0 wt%, and the optimal temperature and dwelling time required for graphitization were respectively 1100 °C and 3 h.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Degradation Performance of g-C3N4/ CoAPO-5/rGO Ternary Composite
Authors: Qiu Ling Fang , Qiu Xiao Bin , Zhou Zhi Wei , Duo Shu Wang
Published: August 2018

Graphitic carbon nitride is a promising photocatalyst for environmental purification, but the photocatalytic performance is limited significantly due to its narrow visible-light adsorption and high photo-reduced electron-hole recombination rate. This work developed a novel way to overcome the two defects and obtained obvious effect. CoAPO-5 was used to broaden visible-light adsorption range by conducting g-C3N4/CoAPO-5 binary composite. In further, rGO was integrated into the binary system to form novel ternary composite. rGO performs as a electron mediator, which can inhibit photo-reduced electron-hole recombination efficiently. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, PL, IR and DRS. The photocatalytic performances for degrading RhB (10mg/L) indicated that g-C3N4/CoAPO-5/rGO have much higher activity than g-C3N4/CoAPO-5 because of synergistic effect. When the doping content of rGO in g-C3N4/CoAPO-5 was 0.5%, the degradation efficiency was improved by 14%.
A Facile Synthesis of NiFe2O4 with High Specific Capacitance as Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Gao Xi Cheng , Bi Jian Qiang , Wang Wei Li , Sun Guo Xun , Hao Xu Xia , Yan Wei Kang , Wang Lu
Published: August 2018

NiFe2O4 powders were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method at 180°C followed by a thermal treatment at 300°C. The phase composition and morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the NiFe2O4 powders were well-crystallized, and they possessed a particle size in the range of 50-100 nm. The electrochemical property was characterized via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current charge-discharge method. Encouragingly, the NiFe2O4 powders had an excellent electrochemical property, whose specific capacitance reached 266.84 F/g at the electric current density of 1 A/g due to the small particle size. Compared with other Fe-based metal compound oxides, NiFe2O4 has a better electrochemical performance, which can be widely used in the supercapacitor electrode materials.
Temperature Field Simulation of TC4/SiC Bilayer in Laser Forming
Authors: Li Nan , Gao Lei , Yi Zhong Zhou , Zhai Feng Rui , Shan Ke
Published: August 2018

Laser forming, an advanced technology widely used for the shaping and adjustment of metallic and non-metallic materials, can also be used to process metal/ceramic materials. Laser forming technique is based on the temperature gradient mechanism (TGM) and temperature distribution is the main factor that affects the laser forming process. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) has been applied to predict the temperature field of TC4/SiC metal/ceramic bilayer during the laser forming process. Temperature of different points in the upper surface of the metal material, interface with the two layers and the lower surface of the ceramic material has been calculated. Parameters like laser input power and laser scan-speed have been investigated. This study is aimed at providing data for the precise control of laser forming in the process of shaping and adjusting TC4/SiC bilayers.
Wet Etchants Penetration through Photoresist during Wet Patterning
Authors: Garnier Philippe
Published: August 2018

Wet etchant infiltration through photo sensitive resists have been studied with new methodology. This latter enables a very quick response to select wet etchant / polymer compatibility to protect underneath film from being degraded.
Exploring Wetting Dynamics on Superhydrophobic Nanopatterned Surfaces Using ATR-FTIR
Authors: Vrancken Nandi , Sergeant Stefanie , Vereecke Guy , Holsteyns Frank , Terryn Herman , de Gendt Stefan , Xu Xiu Mei
Published: August 2018

Accurate characterization of the underwater stability of superhydrophobic surfaces is crucial for the design of durable anti-fouling materials and advanced microfluidic concepts. Although superhydrophobic breakdown is a major issue that hampers full exploitation of superhydrophobic functional materials, suitable characterization methods are lacking and relatively little is known about the wetting dynamics. In this work we explore a novel method based on attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for large-area in-situ analysis of wetting states and wetting transitions on nanostructured surfaces. Spontaneous wetting is induced on superhydrophobic silicon nanopillars through in-situ modulation of the liquid composition and surface tension. The high surface sensitivity of ATR-FTIR enables quantitative evaluation of the instantaneous liquid composition and wetted area. Critical transition criteria for superhydrophobic breakdown are assessed using both ATR-FTIR and goniometric measurements. Significant deviations from classical wetting models are revealed, emphasizing the need for more accurate transition criteria and careful experimental validation. Breakdown kinetics near the critical transition are found to be significantly slowed down on nanostructured surfaces, which underlines the necessity for accurate characterization of wetting dynamics at the nanoscale. The proposed ATR-FTIR method can be promising for dynamic studies of wetting transitions on more advanced surfaces, as hierarchical structures or oleophobic designs.
Organic Material Removal by Thermally Activated Ozone Gas
Authors: Sotoku Kota , Inaba Masaki , Takahashi Hiroaki
Published: August 2018

We investigated an alternative technology to conventional organic material removal that replaces sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide (SPM). We assumed that the removal model of organic material by ozone gas was absorption of oxygen radicals, generated by thermal decomposition of ozone, on a surface and subsequent reaction with organic materials. Then we characterized the correlation between removal rate and process parameter, and the validity of the model was verified. It also showed that this method is effective for high dose, ion-implanted photoresists.
Versatile Aqueous Chemistry for Selective Ru or WNx Etch and Implant BARC Removal in 5- and 3-nm Applications
Authors: Hsu Chien Pin Sherman , Chen Polly Yi Ting
Published: August 2018

Ruthenium (Ru) is considered for use as a barrier-less metallization interconnect offering low effective resistivity in advanced sub-5nm semiconductor applications. A fully aqueous, environmentally friendly chemistry has been developed for effective Ru etching with broad substrate and metallization compatibilities. This alkaline oxidative chemistry is suitable for versatile etch/clean applications, including highly selective etch of SiGe, Si, Al, W, WNx and other W alloys. Its heavy hydrocarbon and residue removal capability are demonstrated as a Cu/TiN compatible, SPM alternative in multilayer PR/BARC stripping and implant BARC removal.
Ion Implanted Photoresist Removal by Material Loss-Free Organic Solvent
Authors: Oh Eunseok , Lim Sang Woo
Published: August 2018

Removal of highly ion-implanted photoresist on the trench-structured GaAs was conducted by mixtures of organic solvents with additives. The ion implanted KrF photoresist on trench-structured GaAs was completely removed at 30 °C when an additive was added to the DMSO+ acetonitrile (AcN) solution. In addition, the removal rate of the implanted photoresist could be increased in DMSO+AcN+additive solution. It was also observed that the DMSO+AcN+additive solution did not cause significant material loss on the GaAs surface during the photoresist removal process.
An Observation Method of Real Contact Area during PVA Brush Scrubbing
Authors: Sanada Toshiyuki , Hanai Masanao , Fukunaga Akira , Hiyama Hirokuni
Published: August 2018

In the post CMP cleaning, the contact condition between PVA brush and surface is very important. In this study, we observed the real contact area between a brush and surface using a collimating LED light and prism. As a result, we found that the real contact area increases with increasing the brush compression. In addition, we also found that the real contact area decreases when the brush starts to move, and the brush was locally compressed due to its deformation.
Behavior Analysis of Si Etching Process with HF/HNO3 Mixture in Single-Spin Wafer Process
Authors: Oinoue Takashi , Saito Suguru , Okuyama Atsushi , Hagimoto Yoshiya , Iwamoto Hayato
Published: August 2018

The HF/HNO3mixture Si etching process is widely used to remove stress and damaged layers after Si wafer back grinding. Although there have been many reports on the dip process, there have been few detailed reports on the single-spin process. In a single spin process, Si etch rate distributions largely differ with different HF/HNO3concentrations. On the other hand, thermal SiO2etch rate distributions are similar even with different HF/HNO3concentrations. In this work, we analyzed Si surfaces with XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) after processing various HF/HNO3mixture concentrations. SiOxstays steady in any wafer position and HNO3concentration, whereas SiO2thickens depending on HNO3concentration at the center. We assumed that Si etch rate distributions were caused by HF or HNO3consumption and confirmed this assumption was correct in a wafer center SiN cover experiment.
Study of the Anisotropic Wet Etching of Nanoscale Structures in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Pacco Antoine , Aabdin Zainul , Anand Utkarsh , Rip Jens , Mirsaidov Utkur , Holsteyns Frank
Published: August 2018

A qualitative and semi quantitative analysis of anisotropic etching of silicon nanostructures in alkaline solutions was done. Dedicated nanostructures were fabricated on 300mm wafers and their geometric change during wet etching was analyzed, stepwise, by top down SEM or TEM. We challenge the previously described wagon wheel technique towards nanodimensions and describe the pros and cons of the technique using relevant experimental conditions. The formation of specific geometric patterns are explained by the face-specificity of the etch rates. Clear differences in anisotropy were revealed between pillars etched in KOH or in TMAH, and for wagon wheels etched in TMAH or in NH4OH. Finally etch rates were extracted for the different types of crystal planes and compared.
HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS IN ADULTS: LOW INCIDENCE OF PRIMARY NEOPLASM AS A TRIGGER IN A CASE SERIES FROM TURKEY
Authors: Arslan Ferhat
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of Turkish patients with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. The medical records of 26 HLH adult patients (≥ 16 years of age) were retrospectively analyzed. Gender, age, the duration of fever, time to diagnosis, etiology and laboratory data were extracted from the records. The mean age was 38 ± 18 years, and 15 (58%) patients were female. A total of nine cases had infectious diseases, four cases had rheumatologic diseases, three cases had hematological malignancies while nine cases could not be obtained a definitive diagnosis. The median time to detection of HLH was 20 days (IQR: 8-30 d). Of the 25 patients, 11 (44%) died. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of the surviving and non-surviving patients were 39 ± 22 mm/h and 15 ± 13 mm/h, respectively. When a long-lasting fever is complicated by bicytopenia or pancytopenia (especially), clinicians must promptly consider the possibility of HLH syndrome to improve patients’ prognosis
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VANCOMYCIN, MUPIROCIN AND ANTISEPTIC RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS.
Authors: Hadadi Mahtab , Heideri Hamid , Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie Hadi , Motamedifar Mohammad
Published: August 2018

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of nosocomial infections that leads to broad spectrum of diseases. Increasing antibiotic resistance among S. aureus strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a serious concern. In addition, the emergence of antiseptics resistance in MRSA helps organism to easily persist and spread in healthcare environments. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of vancomycin, mupirocin and antiseptic resistant S. aureus strains.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 120 MRSA isolates collected from two major hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin and mupirocin were determined by E-test method according to CLSI and Eucast guidelines. Presence of resistance genes were investigated by PCR method.Results: Antibacterial susceptibility tests for MRSA isolates showed that 7 isolates (5.8%) were vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and 15 isolates (12.5%) were high-level mupirocin resistant (MuH). None of the isolate had vancomycin resistance gene (vanA), but the frequency of mupirocin resistance gene was significant and 55 (45.8%) isolates carried mupA gene.Moreover, norA, smr and qacA/B genes were detected in 110 (91.7%), 55 (45.8%) and 36 (30%) strains, respectively.Conclusion: This study showed the existence of VISA and VRSA strains in our region, and we also found high frequency of mupirocin and biocide resistance genes among strains.
Harsh Words and Deeds: Systematic Content Analyses of Offensive User Behavior in the Virtual Environments of Online First-Person Shooter Games
Authors: Holz Ivory Adrienne , Ivory James D. , Wu Winston , Limperos Anthony M. , Andrew Nathaniel , Sesler Brandon S.
Published: August 2018

Extensive research has examined the prevalence and potential effects of potentially harmful video game content produced by game developers, such as violence, profanity, and sexualized portrayals, but much less research has systematically examined the large range of potentially problematic content produced by players in increasingly popular online games. This player-generated content may actually be of more social concern than content programmed in the games, as it is largely undocumented and unaddressed by industry ratings and consumer advisory groups. While potential effects of such antisocial and offensive online game content are not well understood, a first step toward exploring this concern is systematic documentation of offensive user-generated content in online games. To that end, a pair of large-scale systematic content analyses documented a range of offensive user-generated content, including utterances, text, and images, from a total of more than 2,500 users in popular first-person shooter video games. Findings indicated that some content, such as profanity, were frequent among users who spoke during games. More offensive and potentially harmful content such as racial slurs was proportionally very rare but frequent enough to be encountered often by regular game players. Implications for further research and practice are discussed. Results should be interpreted tentatively based on this relatively unprecedented systematic investigation, should not be interpreted as evidence that online shooter games are harmful or lack healthy elements, and should not be extrapolated to other online game genres and communities until further research is conducted.
Avatars as the First Manifestation of Geo-politically Unconstrained Global Citizens
Authors: Hinrichs Randy J.
Published: August 2018

Developing the appropriate behaviors and competencies to integrate into society is a crucial test for any concept of citizenship1. Virtual society today is a connected community of global citizens thriving across multiple platforms and social networks. People are dispersed geographically, culturally and politically and are unconstrained by whom they interact with and why they interact. In virtual worlds, the borders are fluid and physically unconstrained. The personal surrogate encoded as an avatar can move about freely and participate in dynamic, multiple states at the same time. The avatar is valued more for his performance, skill and abilities in the context of the virtual world, rather than by his race, pay grade or political affiliation. The avatar is empowered with self prescribed roles and responsibilities and is emerging into a new kind of sovereign world, bursting out as the first manifestation of a geo-politically unconstrained global citizen.
Digital literacy: The quest of an inclusive definition
Authors: Njenga James K.
Published: August 2018

Forces of globalisation and economic competition enhanced by, among others, the digital technologies, are radically transforming the social context. Digital technologies are characterised by a powerful and pervasive Internet as well as the related information and communication technologies. Globalisation is facilitated by the universally accessible, reliable and inexpensive communication assisted by these digital technologies. However, there is growing and valid scepticism regarding the digitally influenced socio-economic emancipation. This scepticism is mainly driven by a lack of understanding of digital literacy as a holistic process of creating the necessary social, economic and political changes within a given context. The understanding of digital literacy therefore needs to join a number of seemingly divergent views of digital technology when dealing with these technologies’ benefits in socio-economic emancipation. This understanding of digital literacy should therefore be shaped and focused more on understanding how digital literacy impacts the poor and marginalised, especially in looking at the socio-economic welfare of these marginalised sections of the society. This article discusses digital literacy by firstly looking at the shortcomings of the available definitions and approaches and then recommends a socio-economic development-orientated definition. The article brings to the fore the most critical digital literacy issues for socio-economic development. These issues are important; they ensure that digital literacy is not viewed in isolation, but rather in terms of its outcomes and consequences, especially with regard to socio-economic development.
Does brand orientation lead to brand loyalty among senior and top management in a South African business-to-business organisation?
Authors: Dludla Gail M. , Dlamini Siphiwe
Published: August 2018

Background: At the heart and depth of building a strong and prosperous brand in the marketplace, is brand orientation. A few studies have investigated the conceptualisation of brand orientation in relation to brand loyalty, as well as the involvement of brand commitment and brand trust in mediating this association in the business-to-business (B2B) environment.Objective: It is the objective of this study to examine the impact of brand orientation on brand loyalty and the roles played by brand commitment and brand trust in mediating the impact in the South African B2B environment.Method: Questionnaires were completed by 261 top and senior managers of a B2B organisation in South Africa. Structural equation modelling and smart partial least squares were employed in this study to examine the relationships between the constructs.Results: This study provides empirical evidence that brand orientation has a positive and significant relationship with brand commitment and and brand trust. Also that brand commitment and brand trust have positive and significant relationships with brand loyalty in the South African B2B context.Conclusion: This means that organisations that operate in the B2B environment should focus on brand orientation and develop brand strategies that recognise the importance of brand trust and brand commitment.
What do deviation cycles measure? An analysis of the informational content of filter-based business cycles
Authors: Boshoff Willem H. , McLean Lewis
Published: August 2018

Background: Empirical business cycle research typically commences with the extraction of a so-called deviation cycle using a time-series smoothing filter. This methodology is appealing for its pragmatism; it is easy to implement, and the output it produces is conveniently interpreted as percentage deviations from the natural level of output. However, recent literature offers staunch criticism of deviation cycle analysis, especially with regards to the assumption implicitly underlying it – that business cycle fluctuations are restricted to distinct intervals on the frequency domain.Aim: Despite its lack of a basis in theory, the analysis of deviation cycles over particular frequency ranges may still yield useful stylised business cycle facts. This, however, hinges on whether the information that a frequency filter captures consistently aligns with relevant theory-based business cycle concepts. Whether this is the case is an empirical matter, and herein lies the rationale for our research.Setting: We investigate the informational content of South Africa’s output deviation cycles.Methods: We extract deviation cycles at standard high- and medium-frequency ranges (denoted as short- and medium-term deviation cycles respectively) and analyse their informational overlap with the components of an alternative theory-based estimate of the business cycle, decomposed into demand, supply, domestic and foreign sources of business cycle dynamics.Results: Our findings suggest that the contents of deviation cycles extracted over a high-frequency range do not neatly correspond to the transitory ‘demand-driven’ business cycle, while cycles extracted over a medium-frequency range correspond closely to the combined path of permanent output shocks.Conclusion: One should thus be cautious of drawing strong conclusions about the nature of business cycles from filter-based deviation cycle estimates, particularly if the objective of the study relies on assuming that high-frequency deviation cycles correspond to transitory demand shocks.
Aquisição de habilidade em sutura laparoscópica
Authors: Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha , Silva Wescley Miguel Pereira da , Silva Andressa Miléo Ferraioli , Lopes Brisa da Silva , Feijó Daniel Haber , Dórea Mariana Albuquerque , Chaves Luiz Claudio Lopes , Brito Marcus Vinicius Henriques
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar aquisição de habilidade de residentes de Cirurgia Geral em modelo de treinamento de sutura videocirúrgica. Método: Selecionaram-se randomicamente 7 preceptores com experiência comprovada na técnica videolaparoscópica (Grupo P), 7 residentes do 1° ano (Grupo R1) e 7 residentes do 2° ano (Grupo R2) dentre os serviços de residência médica em Cirurgia Geral de Belém do Pará. Todos foram submetidos a 4 sessões práticas de treinamento em sutura videolaparoscópica utilizando modelos de fibra de vidro e etil vinil acetato (E.V.A.) do Centro de Treinamento de Laparoscopia do Centro Hospitalar Jean Bitar, para aferição do tempo necessário para a realização dos 5 nós por cada indivíduo do estudo. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelos testes Friedman e ANOVA um critério (complementado pelo teste de TUKEY). Resultados: Entre os membros do Grupo R1 houve ganho estatisticamente significante entre a 1ª e 3 ª semanas, entre a 1ª e 4ª e entre a 2ª e 4ª. Nos membros do grupo R2 houve ganho estatisticamente significante entre a 1ª e 2ª, entre a 1ª e 3ª e entre a 1ª e 4ª. Já no grupo P, houve ganho estatisticamente significante entre a 1ª e 4ª e entre a 2ª e 4ª. Na análise intergrupos, houve igualdade entre os tempos dos grupos R1 e R2 nas 4 semanas e estes obtiveram tempos maiores que o Grupo P em todas as quatro semanas com p = 0,01. Conclusão: Houve diminuição do tempo de confecção da sutura videocirúrgica, no modelo de treinamento proposto.
Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions
Authors: Loranty Michael M. , Abbott Benjamin W. , Blok Daan , Douglas Thomas A. , Epstein Howard E. , Forbes Bruce C. , Jones Benjamin M. , Kholodov Alexander L. , Kropp Heather , Malhotra Avni , Mamet Steven D. , Myers-Smith Isla H. , Natali Susan M. , O'Donnell Jonathan A. , Phoenix Gareth K. , Rocha Adrian V. , Sonnentag Oliver , Tape Ken D. , Walker Donald A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the timing and magnitude of the permafrost–climate feedback stems from complex interactions between ecosystem properties and soil thermal dynamics. Terrestrial ecosystems fundamentally regulate the response of permafrost to climate change by influencing surface energy partitioning and the thermal properties of soil itself. Here we review how Arctic and boreal ecosystem processes influence thermal dynamics in permafrost soil and how these linkages may evolve in response to climate change. While many of the ecosystem characteristics and processes affecting soil thermal dynamics have been examined individually (e.g., vegetation, soil moisture, and soil structure), interactions among these processes are less understood. Changes in ecosystem type and vegetation characteristics will alter spatial patterns of interactions between climate and permafrost. In addition to shrub expansion, other vegetation responses to changes in climate and rapidly changing disturbance regimes will affect ecosystem surface energy partitioning in ways that are important for permafrost. Lastly, changes in vegetation and ecosystem distribution will lead to regional and global biophysical and biogeochemical climate feedbacks that may compound or offset local impacts on permafrost soils. Consequently, accurate prediction of the permafrost carbon climate feedback will require detailed understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystem distribution and function, which depend on the net effects of multiple feedback processes operating across scales in space and time.
A global scavenging and circulation ocean model of thorium-230 and protactinium-231 with improved particle dynamics (NEMO–ProThorP 0.1)
Authors: van Hulten Marco , Dutay Jean-Claude , Roy-Barman Matthieu
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In this paper we set forth a 3-D
ocean model of the radioactive trace isotopes 230Th
and 231Pa. The interest arises from the fact that these isotopes
are extensively used for investigating particle transport in the ocean and
reconstructing past ocean circulation. The tracers are reversibly scavenged
by biogenic and lithogenic particles. Our simulations of 230Th and 231Pa are based on the
NEMO–PISCES ocean biogeochemistry general circulation model, which includes
biogenic particles, namely small and big particulate organic carbon, calcium
carbonate and biogenic silica. Small and big lithogenic particles from dust
deposition are included in our model as well. Their distributions generally
compare well with the small and big lithogenic particle concentrations from
recent observations from the GEOTRACES programme, except for boundary
nepheloid layers for which, as of today, there are no non-trivial
prognostic models available on a global scale. Our simulations reproduce
230Th and 231Pa dissolved concentrations: they compare
well with recent GEOTRACES observations in many parts of the ocean.
Particulate 230Th and 231Pa concentrations are
significantly improved compared to previous studies, but they are still too
low because of missing particles from nepheloid layers. Our simulation
reproduces the main characteristics of the 231Pa∕230Th ratio
observed in the sediments and supports a moderate affinity of
231Pa to biogenic silica as suggested by recent observations
relative to 230Th. Future model development may further improve understanding, especially when
this will include a more complete representation of all particles, including
different size classes, manganese hydroxides and nepheloid layers. This can
be done based on our model as its
source code is readily available.
C-Coupler2: a flexible and user-friendly community coupler for model coupling and nesting
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Cheng , Li Ruizhe , Wang Bin , Yang Guangwen
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Chinese C-Coupler (Community Coupler) family aims primarily to develop coupled models for weather forecasting and climate simulation and prediction. It is targeted to serve various coupled models with flexibility, user-friendliness, and extensive coupling functions. C-Coupler2, the latest version, includes a series of new features in addition to those of C-Coupler1 – including a common, flexible, and user-friendly coupling configuration interface that combines a set of application programming interfaces and a set of XML-formatted configuration files; the capability of coupling within one executable or the same subset of MPI (message passing interface) processes; flexible and automatic coupling procedure generation for any subset of component models; dynamic 3-D coupling that enables convenient coupling of fields on 3-D grids with time-evolving vertical coordinate values; non-blocking data transfer; facilitation for model nesting; facilitation for increment coupling; adaptive restart capability; and finally a debugging capability. C-Coupler2 is ready for use to develop various coupled or nested models. It has passed a number of test cases involving model coupling and nesting, and with various MPI process layouts between component models, and has already been used in several real coupled models.
Study on the combined threshold for gully-type debris flow early warning
Authors: Huang Jian , van Asch Theodoor Wouterus Johannes , Wang Changming , Li Qiao
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Gully-type debris flow induced by high-intensity and short-duration rainfall, frequently cause a great loss of properties and causalities in mountainous regions of Southwest China. In order to reduce the risk by geohazards, early warning systems have been provided. A triggering index can be detected in an early stage by the monitoring of rainfall and the changes in physical properties of the deposited materials along debris flow channel. Based on the method of critical pore pressure for slope stability analysis, this study presents critical pore pressure thresholds in combination with rainfall factors for gully-type debris flow early warning. The Wenjia gully, which contains an enormous amount of loose materials, was selected as a case study to reveal the relationship between the rainfalls and pore pressure, which can be used as a combined warning threshold. A three-level early warning system (Zero, Attention, and Warning) is adopted and the corresponding judgement conditions are defined in real-time. Based on this threshold, several rainfall events in recent years have been validated to prove that such a comprehensive threshold may be a reliable approach for the early warning of debris flows to safeguard the population in the mountainous areas.
ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Cervi Eduardo Cimino , Poleto Cristiano
Published: August 2018

During the past 40 years, ecological risk assessments (ERA) were beingperformed by different organizations, using different various principles andmethods, with little or no communication and inconsistencies betweenthe different many assessment methodologies. Brazil still does not have aregulation based on quality criteria for sediments. Also, ERA approach hasonly been introduced here, and detailed guidance on how to interpret andapply these frameworks is still generally inadequate. In our paper, ERAframework and its application around the globe is are presented. Also,some promising future directions in ERA are briefly discussed, and criticalchallenges to future success of this tool in Brazil are identified.
IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS DE CAVAS DE MINERAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Bárbara Viniciu Fagundes , Tavares Maria Gizelda de Oliveira , Antoniosi Filho Nelson Roberto
Published: August 2018

As cavas são um problema ambiental emergente no mundo. Embora seusriscos ecológicos ainda sejam largamente desconhecidos dos pesquisadores,é sabido que podem se constituir em promissoras oportunidades de uso ouem preocupantes problemas ambientais. Este trabalho objetivou traçar umpanorama dos enfoques investigativos dos principais estudos sobre lagos demineração desenvolvidos internacionalmente (1979–2018). Para tanto, foiutilizado o conectivo “pit lake” na base de dados da CAPES para a seleçãodos artigos analisados. Os resultados demonstraram que as informaçõescientíficas existentes sobre o tema ainda são incipientes, especialmentena América Latina, e que a maioria das pesquisas apresentam abordagempredominantemente limitada a aspectos geoquímicos. A gestão ambientalde cavas necessita ser interdisciplinar, o que a torna desafiadora. Um nichoinvestigativo identificado que poderá contribuir para o maior entendimentodo assunto consiste no desenvolvimento de estudos embasados nacombinação de aspectos químicos, ecotoxicológicos e genotoxicológicos,inexistentes até então.
ANÁLISE MULTICRITERIAL DA ESTABILIDADE ECOLÓGICA EM TRÊS MODELOS DE RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL
Authors: Galetti Gustavo , Silva José Mauro Santana da , Piña-Rodrigues Fatima Conceição Márquez , Piotrowiski Ivonir
Published: August 2018

Tendo em vista a crescente necessidade de novos modelos para restauraçãoflorestal, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar se alta diversidade deespécies vegetais, funções e densidade em restauração florestal resultaramna recuperação da estabilidade do sistema, e quais as condições ouprocessos que afetaram o restabelecimento da funcionalidade ecológica nossistemas avaliados. Para isso, um protocolo de indicadores de restauraçãofoi aplicado em uma área de referência e em três áreas de restauração,em floresta estacional semidecidual, uma delas no modelo denso-diversofuncional(3 mudas por m2), com 53 meses de idade; e duas no modelo depreenchimento e diversidade (espaçamento 3 × 2 m), com 35 e 60 mesesde idade. Os resultados indicam que o modelo denso-diverso-funcionalé eficiente na restauração da funcionalidade ecológica já aos 53 meses edifere do sistema preenchimento e diversidade em relação às condiçõesnecessárias para promover a proteção do solo e o aporte de serapilheira.
DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO MILHO (ZEA MAYS L.) EM SUBSTRATO CONTENDO LODO DE ESGOTO COMPOSTADO
Authors: Martins Carla Andreia da Cunha , Dos Santos Fabiana Soares , Portz Adriano , Dos Santos André Marques
Published: August 2018

O uso de lodo de esgoto na produção vegetal tem se mostrado comouma alternativa promissora devido às elevadas concentrações de matériaorgânica e nutrientes presentes nesse material. O objetivo deste estudo foiavaliar o efeito de diferentes proporções de composto orgânico contendolodo de esgoto na composição de substrato para o desenvolvimento inicialde plantas de milho em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos constituíramseda compostagem (composto de lodo de esgoto e resíduo de podaurbana) e foram misturados com diferentes proporções de substratocomercial. A adição de composto de lodo de esgoto no substrato favoreceuo desenvolvimento das plantas de milho, avaliado pela produção de matériaseca de parte aérea e raiz, altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro decaule, desenvolvimento radicular e produção de pigmentos fotossintéticos.Esse maior desenvolvimento das plantas foi diretamente correlacionadocom os maiores teores de N, Ca e Mg acumulados nas plantas.
IMPLICAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS DO NOVO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nicolau Rodrigo Cesar Pereira , Kawakubo Fernando Shinji , Polo Marcelo , Mincato Ronaldo Luiz
Published: August 2018

O Código Florestal Brasileiro de 2012 admite a inclusão da reserva legalàs áreas de preservação permanente e define áreas de uso consolidado.Assim, esta pesquisa avaliou a evolução espaço-temporal do uso e daocupação do solo nas áreas de proteção ambiental, de 2008 a 2016, dasub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio São Tomé, sul de Minas Gerais, diante donovo marco florestal legal. A partir de imagens de satélite Landsat de 2008,2013 e 2016, foram mapeados os usos e as ocupações do solo e as áreasde preservação permanente. A partir de tais mapas foram identificados osusos ilegais e as áreas de uso consolidado. Em 2016, 55,66% das áreas depreservação permanente continham uso ilegal; entretanto, considerando ouso consolidado, 97,74% da sub-bacia está adequada ao Código, que apontapara uma lei que defende os recursos florestais e os serviços ambientaisecossistêmicos com menor rigor.
Extensão universitária: contribuições de professores guarani para a formação inicial de professores de matemática
Authors: Dos Santos Barbosa Gabriela
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as contribuições de um projeto de extensão universitária voltado à formação continuada de professores guarani para a formação inicial de professores de matemática. O projeto foi desenvolvido com professores indígenas que atuam em duas aldeias guarani situadas em Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, e contou com a participação de dois estudantes de licenciatura em Matemática, bolsistas de extensão. Seguindo os princípios da Pedagogia Decolonial, buscou-se compreender os impactos da interação com os professores indígenas e com a cultura guarani na formação dos estudantes de licenciatura. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso fundamentado nas ideias de D’Ambrósio (1997, 1998, 2002, 2013) sobre Etnomatemática, nas ideias de Tardif (2014) sobre os saberes docentes e de Serrazina (2003), Alarcão (2001) e Nóvoa (2009) sobre formação de professores. Ao longo do projeto, implementaram-se ações que evidenciaram aspectos da cultura guarani. Incentivou-se o desenvolvimento da postura investigativa dos professores por meio da análise de suas práticas e da reflexão sobre o desempenho de seus alunos. Acompanhando tais ações, os licenciandos puderam rever sua concepção de matemática e de educação matemática. Entre os principais resultados, estão a crítica feita por eles aos saberes de formação e saberes disciplinares propostos pela universidade e a relativização de saberes curriculares, ambas provocadas pela descoberta da matemática e da pedagogia guarani. Concluiu-se que o projeto de extensão favoreu a troca de conhecimentos entre dois grupos culturais distintos e, assim, efetivou a interculturalidade crítica.
Peer mentoring justice-involved youth: a training model to promote secondary desistance and restorative justice among mentors
Authors: Lopez-Humphreys Mayra , Teater Barbra
Published: August 2018

Peer mentoring justice-involved youth: a training model to promote secondary desistance and restorative justice among mentors

This article introduces a mentoring programme for justice-involved youth that utilises the unique and often overlooked resources offered by adults with a history of incarceration, and the innovative training model that aims to promote secondary desistance and restorative justice among the mentors. An examination of the generative role of peer mentoring and its overlap with restorative justice as a healing process that provides opportunities for offenders to make indirect amends that contribute to the social rehabilitation of their communities is presented. An overview of the history and anticipated aims of mentoring programmes for justice-involved youth is provided, followed by a discussion of the importance of secondary desistance in peer mentoring programmes and a review of the elements, conceptual underpinnings and anticipated benefits of the training programme for the mentors. The training programme is argued to offer approaches that support the primary and secondary desistance-orientated changes and the reparative work needed within the mentor.
Introducing and theorising an in-prison restorative justice programme: the second-generation Sycamore Tree Project
Authors: Anderson Jane
Published: August 2018

Introducing and theorising an in-prison restorative justice programme: the second-generation Sycamore Tree Project

This article introduces an in-prison restorative justice programme: the second-generation Sycamore Tree Project (STP-2). The programme brings together crime victims and unrelated offenders in a prison setting to discuss and address the harm of crime to their lives. In the first part of the article, description is given to how STP-2 has evolved in Australia from a ‘faith-based’ programme to one that is restorative. In the second part, three anthropological theories are used to provide explanation and prediction of the transformative effects of in-prison restorative justice programming on prisoners as informed by STP-2. The prisoner-participant is viewed as a ‘person’ who, in liminal conditions, is afforded agency to create a meaningful narrative that is directed to revising how one is to associate with others in morally acceptable ways. The article concludes with a comparison between STP-1 and STP-2, and some proposals for research beyond this theoretical excursion.
Coaches Engage with Principles to Actions
Authors: Baker Courtney , Knapp Melinda C. , Galanti Terrie
Published: August 2018

Here is support for coaches who work in diverse contexts to integrate high-leverage teaching and coaching practices with specific attention to mathematics content.
Can you find another way?
Authors: Russo James
Published: August 2018

Help students strengthen subitizing, part-part-whole understanding, and addition fluency through this number-cube game. You will need twenty dot plates, a twenty-side die/spinner, and at least two students.
From organizational justice perceptions to turnover intentions: The mediating effects of burnout and job satisfaction
Authors: Vaamonde Juan Diego , Omar Alicia , Salessi Solana
Published: August 2018

Turnover intentions (TI) stand as an insidious problem that impacts on the functioning of organizations and the well-being of their members. Currently, there is a growing interest in identifying the explanatory mechanisms of TI, in order to strengthen and retain valued employees for organizations. In line with this trend, the aim of the present study was to test an integrative serial multiple mediation model that examined the possible mediating role of burnout and job satisfaction in the relationships between organizational justice and TI. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional empirical study was carried out on a multi-occupational sample of 408 Argentine employees (219 women and 189 men). Participants completed a self-report questionnaire comprising previously validated measures for the target population. Structural equation modeling showed that perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interpersonal justice have negative indirect effects on TI through burnout and job satisfaction, while perceptions of informational justice exert such effects on TI only through job satisfaction. These results indicate that distributive, procedural, and interpersonal justice perceptions relate to lower levels of burnout, which in turn promote greater job satisfaction and lower TI among employees. In addition, informational justice perceptions are positively related to job satisfaction, leading to a decrease in employees’ TI. Findings are discussed in light of their theoretical and practical implications. Managers and human resource professionals could consider the research results in their attempts to design and implement talent retention strategies within organizations.
Associations between materialism, gratitude, and well-being in children of overseas Filipino workers
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I. , Tan-Mansukhani Roseann , Daganzo Mary Angeline A.
Published: August 2018

Children left behind by parents who are overseas Filipino workers (OFW) benefit from parental migration because their financial status improves. However, OFW families might emphasize the economic benefits to compensate for their separation, which might lead to materialism among children left behind. Previous research indicates that materialism is associated with lower well-being. The theory is that materialism focuses attention on comparing one’s possessions to others, making one constantly dissatisfied and wanting more. Research also suggests that gratitude mediates this link, with the focus on acquiring more possessions that make one less grateful for current possessions. This study explores the links between materialism, gratitude, and well-being among 129 adolescent children of OFWs. The participants completed measures of materialism, gratitude, and well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem, positive and negative affect). Results showed that gratitude mediated the negative relationship between materialism and well-being (and its positive relationship with negative affect). Children of OFWs who have strong materialist orientation seek well-being from possessions they do not have and might find it difficult to be grateful of their situation, contributing to lower well-being. The findings provide further evidence for the mediated relationship between materialism and well-being in a population that has not been previously studied in the related literature. The findings also point to two possible targets for psychosocial interventions for families and children of OFWs.