bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli
phage ΦPNJ-9 adheres to mucus via a variant Hoc protein
Authors: Fu Kailai , Cui Jiaqi , Li Yao , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Yang , Wu Jiaoling , Chen Xinru , Xue Feng , Ren Jianluan , Dai Jianjun , Tang Fang
Published: December 2024

Phages, as antagonists of bacteria, hold significant promise for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Their host specificity allows phages to target pathogenic bacteria without disrupting the gut microbiota, offering distinct advantages in the prevention and control of intestinal pathogens. The interaction between the phage and the gut plays a crucial role in the efficacy of phage-mediated bacterial killing. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the clinically isolated T4-like phage, ΦPNJ-9, effectively adheres to the intestinal mucosa
in vivo
. This adhesion is mediated by the phage’s Hoc protein, which interacts with MUC2 in the mucus. The Hoc protein of ΦPNJ-9 represents a variant, consisting of only three domains and lacking Domain 3, in contrast to phage T4. The key interacting sites on ΦPNJ-9 Hoc are amino acids S183, L184, and T185 within Domain 2. Displaying Domain 2 of ΦPNJ-9 Hoc on the surface of M13 phage significantly enhances its adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. Additionally, we identify fucose residues in MUC2 as the critical binding sites for the phage. Through this adhesion, the phage occupies the intestinal niche, thereby protecting the mucosal layer from pathogenic
Escherichia coli
infections. Our findings highlight the role of Hoc proteins in phage adhesion to intestinal mucus and the variation in binding sites, providing key insights for phage-based strategies aimed at preventing and controlling intestinal pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

The rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has sparked renewed interest in phage therapy as a promising alternative, particularly for targeting intestinal pathogens due to phage’s host specificity. However, clinical applications have revealed that many phages are ineffective in eliminating bacteria within the gut, primarily due to the complex interactions between the phage and the gut environment. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain poorly understood. Our previous study demonstrated that a T4-like phage adheres to the intestinal mucosa through the interaction between its Hoc protein and MUC2 in the mucus. Whether this model is widespread among T4-like phages remains unknown. Here, we characterize a variant Hoc protein from a T4-like phage, and identify new binding sites within this protein. Our findings suggest that the interaction between Hoc and MUC2 is likely common, but the critical binding sites vary depending on the specific phage.
Supplemental Material: Substantial carbon dioxide release from subducted dolomitic carbonate driven by episodic infiltration of eclogite-facies fluids
Authors: Guo Shun , al. et
Published: December 2024

Extended texts, figures, and tables for methods and dataset. 
Exsolution in the Au–Au3Cu Region and Correction of the Au–Ag–Cu Phase Diagram
Authors: Onishchenko S. A. , Parkhacheva K. G. , Glukhov Yu. V. , Kuznetsov S. K. , Nikulova N. Yu. , Tropnikov E. M.
Published: December 2024

The phase composition of native gold was examined in an insufficiently studied part of the Au–Ag–Cu system in the range between pure gold and Au3Cu. In this region, a miscibility gap has been established for the Au–Ag–Cu solid solution, which is decomposed into Au–Ag–Cu and Au3Cu phases. These results in combinations with previously obtained and literature data made it possible to construct a complete phase diagram of the Au–Ag–Cu system in the gold-rich region for low (about 100°C) temperature. The diagram demonstrates the field of a homogeneous Au–Ag–Cu solid solution, and two-phase fields (Au3Cu and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution) and (AuCu and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution), which are separated by a three-phase field (Au3Cu, AuCu, and Au–Ag–Cu solid solution).
QARS1-related leukoencephalopathy with epilepsy
Authors: Jain Aarushi , Steigerwald Connolly , Miles Daniel , Nayak Gopi , Abreu Nicolas J , Miller Claire
Published: December 2024

QARS1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy is an ultra-rare autosomal-recessive disorder associated with progressive microcephaly, developmental delay and epilepsy. We present a case of a child with novel compound heterozygous variants inQARS1[NM_005051.3:c.1315G>A, p.(D439N) and c.851T>G, p.(I284S)]. Her case of neonatal seizures with transient cessation before the development of a severe epileptic encephalopathy in toddlerhood, combined with prominent cerebral volume loss and a markedly abnormal myelination pattern, reinforces the importance of early genetic diagnosis of infantile epilepsy and the poor prognosis ofQARS1-related disorders with neonatal seizure onset.
Elite para athletes with active coping behaviour are less likely to report a sports injury
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Sällström Linda , Dahlström Örjan , Jacobsson Jenny , Timpka Toomas , Lexell Jan
Published: December 2024

Objective

Elite para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries. Research suggests that athletes’ strategies to manage adversities may influence the sports injury risk, but knowledge about para athletes’ coping behaviours and their association with injuries is limited. The aim was to describe the distribution of coping behaviours in Swedish elite para athletes by sex, age, impairment, sport and to examine associations between coping behaviours and the probability of reporting a prospective sports injury during a 52-week study period.

Method

Eighty-three para athletes participating in the ‘Sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport study’ completed the Brief COPE Inventory. Over the following 52 weeks, athletes reported any sports injuries they sustained. The analysis of coping behaviours comprised descriptive statistics and linear regression, and associations between coping behaviour and the probability of being injured were examined by logistic regression analyses.

Results

The most frequently used coping behaviours were acceptance, active coping and planning. The most common less-useful coping behaviour was self-blame. Athletes with more active coping behaviours were less likely to report an injury, and using humour as coping behaviour was associated with a higher probability of injury among young athletes. Also, athletes with physical impairment reported a higher use of active coping and emotional support compared with athletes with visual impairment, and athletes participating in individual sports used acceptance as a coping behaviour to a larger extent than athletes in team sports.

Conclusion

Use of active coping in Swedish elite para athletes was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting an injury. Young athletes using humour as a coping strategy had a higher likelihood of reporting an injury. The results suggest that support of active coping behaviours and a sport context fostering help-seeking behaviours should be considered in future prevention measures.
Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Yang Yuting , Yuan Qiao , Zhou Qi , Yang Lili
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Sedentary behaviour is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, independent of physical activity. Related interventions have improved sedentary behaviour in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, their effectiveness has remained inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively examine the efficacy of interventions for patients with CHD, thereby contributing to future implementation decisions to improve sedentary behaviour.

Methods and analysis

This protocol follows the guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in English and Chinese electronic databases from inception to 31 December 2024. All published randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that report on reducing sedentary behaviour in patients with CHD will be included. Two authors will independently conduct study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Study quality will be assessed using validated tools appropriate for each study design. The overall meta-analyses for sedentary behaviour outcomes will be performed if the outcome data are sufficient and provide similar effect measures and subgroup analyses based on demographic characteristics, intervention duration, intervention types, intervention content and measurement tools. We will conduct a qualitative synthesis for studies that could not be quantitatively synthesised.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this review as no human participants will be involved. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal publication or academic conference.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023466985.
Traditional laxatives in preventing opioid-induced constipation in adult patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Long Yanfang , Li Li , Chen Xi , Tian Lingyun , He Haiyan , Li Ying-lan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) affects up to 90% of patients with cancer receiving long-term opioid-related analgesic therapy, resulting in various potential complications, compromised pain management and decreased quality of life. Laxatives stimulate or facilitate bowel evacuation. Traditional laxatives, such as polyethylene glycol and lactulose, are widely used because of their low cost, easy accessibility and tolerability. OIC prophylaxis with laxatives is recommended for patients receiving opioid therapy. However, systematic reviews that support this practice are lacking. They have primarily focused on patients with existing constipation and the effectiveness of other pharmacological therapies. Thus, we are conducting a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional laxatives in preventing OIC in adult patients with cancer.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement was used to guide the reporting of this protocol. Database searches will be performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO from inception to a date within 6 months of the submission of the full systematic review (estimated 31 December 2024). Reference lists will also be accessed for additional studies, including Google Scholar, for the inclusion of grey literature. A combination of Medical Subject Headings/Emtree and free-text terms will be used when searching the core concepts of ‘OIC’, ‘laxative’ and ‘cancer.’ The eligibility criteria will be defined by the type of population (patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy), type of intervention (traditional laxatives) and type of study (randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials). Two reviewers will independently select eligible studies, extract data and assess the methodological risk of bias. A third reviewer will be invited to reach a consensus if necessary. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required, as patients will not be included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We will publish this study in a peer-reviewed journal and communicate the results at open conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024507127.
Pre-diabetes virtual health management community (VHMC) intervention and group interaction management model in China: a randomised clinical trial protocol
Authors: Wang Yifan , Hu Xiling , Cheng Li , Guo Xiaodi , Cai Mengyin , Liu Shuhong , Zhang Yao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Individuals with pre-diabetes are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which makes them prone to serious complications such as stroke, kidney failure, blindness and lower-limb amputation. Pre-diabetes can be reversed, and lifestyle modification is considered the best intervention method for diabetes prevention. However, it is difficult for individuals with pre-diabetes to maintain a long-term modified healthy lifestyle owing to psychological burnout in daily management over time due to poor adherence. We developed a novel virtual health management community (VHMC) model based on group interaction management. We present the protocol for the VHMC model applied to the pre-diabetic population—a randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods and analysis

This study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pre-diabetes VHMC–group interaction management model on improving long-term lifestyle intervention adherence to reduce the incidence of T2DM in China. We will conduct a prospective, multicentre, single-blinded, two-arm, RCT, and a total of 706 patients will be recruited. Those randomly assigned to the intervention group will receive group interaction management based on the VHMC platform. Measures of incidence of T2DM, diabetes outcomes, lifestyle modification and psychosocial outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. If the VHMC–group interaction management model shows efficacy in improving the self-management of pre-diabetes or metabolic control, similar interventions may be applied to other chronic conditions. The cost-utility analysis of this model may indicate that this platform could be a potentially cost-effective and efficient way to integrate the VHMC platform into the health management of patients with pre-diabetes.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University approved this study (No. RG2023-262-02). The results of this study will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2400081268. Study start: 1 July 2024, completion: 1 December 2026.
HINODE study: haemophilia A in infancy and newborns – protocol for a prospective, multicentre, observational study evaluating the coagulation potential and safety of emicizumab prophylaxis
Authors: Ohga Shouichi , Takeyama Masahiro , Ishimura Masataka , Inoue Hirosuke , Nosaka Daisuke , Iwasaki Keisuke , Mitsui Chika , Nogami Keiji
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Emicizumab prophylaxis is approved for people of all ages with haemophilia A (HA) including infants and children. Although previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of emicizumab in infants with HA, real-world data on emicizumab use in infants are limited. The Haemophilia A in Infancy and NewbOrns: multi-instituional prospective observational study to assess the efficacy anD safety of Emicizumab (HINODE) study aims to evaluate the coagulation potential and safety of emicizumab prophylaxis in infants with congenital HA from birth to <12 months of age.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, observational study conducted in Japan in infants with congenital HA aged <12 months who are receiving or are scheduled to receive prophylactic emicizumab at an approved dosing regimen: 1.5 mg/kg weekly, 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks. The target inclusion is 50 infants. The primary endpoint is to evaluate the relationship between global coagulation test parameters (using clot waveform analysis and thrombin generation assay) and plasma emicizumab concentrations in infants aged from 6 to <12 months. Secondary endpoints include evaluating coagulation profiles in infants aged <6 months and changes between the age of <6 and 6 to <12 months. Additionally, coagulation parameters will be evaluated with the in vitro addition of anti-idiotype antibodies against emicizumab or the addition of a factor VIII product in infants aged from 6 to <12 months. The study will also evaluate adverse events and bleeds.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the MINS Clinical Trial Review Committee (no. 230214) and will be conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Act on the Protection of Personal Information and the Guidance of Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects. Written informed consent for participation in the study will be obtained from a legally acceptable representative. Results will be published in scientific/medical journals and presented at international congresses.

Trial registration number

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials; jRCT1031230264.
Nursing home staff’s experiences with the implementation of an automated blister packaging system for solid, orally ingestible drugs: a qualitative study in Northern Italy
Authors: Tappeiner Waltraud , Wieser Heike , Obkircher Rita , Pigneter Jessica , Roth Jacob , Ausserhofer Dietmar
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To explore nursing home (NH) staff’s experiences implementing an automated blister packaging system for solid, orally ingestible drugs.

Design

This was a descriptive qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were used for data collection, and qualitative content analysis was applied for data analysis.

Setting

Four NHs in a region in Northern Italy participated in the piloting of an automated blister packaging system.

Participants

The purposive sample comprised 40 NH staff (seven registered nurses, 11 certified nursing assistants, three nursing aids, seven nursing managers, four directors and eight physicians)

Results

Six main categories emerged from the data analysis: (1) impacting safety, including improved medication process, perceived insecurities and remaining error sources; (2) creating free spaces, including time, individualised care and drug storage and logistics; (3) serving residents, (4) meeting expectations, including met and unmet expectations; (5) generating efforts and (6) producing waste. They all merged into one theme ‘It pays off!’

Conclusions

As experienced by NH staff, the automated blister packaging system improved medication safety and reduced the workload of registered nurses, but it is not an ‘all-around carefree package’. Continuous quality improvement and risk management strategies are recommended to accompany and sustain implementation, as well as further clarification of roles and duties among the different care workers involved in medication management. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the impact of an automated blister packaging system on registered nurses’ competencies in NHs regarding medication management and residents’ therapies and safety.
TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa): a 10-year retrospective evaluation of practice in the UK
Authors: Mactier Karen E , Baxter Mark A , Peters Adam L , Fair Katherine , Hannington Laura , Robertson James , Wood Georgina E , Sarwar Asma , Bishr Mai K , Webb Rebekah , Al-Zubaidi Mohammed , Eastlake Leonie , Lankester Katharine , McInerney Samuel , Creedon Helen , Stillie Alison L , Purshouse Karin
Published: December 2024

Background

Although rare, uterine sarcomas account for a high proportion of uterine cancer mortality. Treatment options and robust trial data are limited.

Objectives

The TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa) is a UK-wide study by the National Oncology Trainees Collaborative for Healthcare Research which aimed to characterise this patient cohort.

Design

A retrospective descriptive cohort study. Patients with carcinosarcomas/mixed Mullerian tumours, non-uterine gynaecological sarcomas and uterine metastases were excluded. Routine clinical data, including general patient demographics, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes, were collated and pseudonymised.

Setting

Patients diagnosed with uterine sarcoma in the UK National Health Service between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2017 were identified from electronic records.

Participants

A total of 406 patients from eight centres were eligible for inclusion.

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 56 years, with leiomyosarcoma the most common diagnosis (54.4%). The majority (57.9%) were diagnosed at the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, with 19.7% diagnosed at stage IV. Nearly half (45.2%) of the patients received at least one line of chemotherapy, of which most (81.0%) received doxorubicin first-line. In the stage I group 7.4% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 15.0% received adjuvant radiotherapy. Median overall survival was 37 months; however, survival varied significantly by stage at diagnosis (stage I: 105 months; stage II: 33 months; stage III: 19 months; stage IV: 14 months).

Conclusions

Our data highlight the diversity in patient management in uterine sarcoma and a marked survival advantage for patients diagnosed with stage I disease. These data highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and describe real-world trends in systemic therapies, radiotherapy and surgical treatment in this rare cancer type.
High peripheral T cell diversity is associated with lower risk of toxicity and superior response to dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC
Authors: Altan Mehmet , Li Ruoxing , Li Ziyi , Chen Runzhe , Sheshadri Ajay , Tran Hai T , Little Latasha , Baguley Joshua , Sinson Jefferson , Vokes Natalie , Gandhi Saumil , Antonoff Mara B , Swisher Stephen G , Lizee Greg , Reuben Alexandre , Heymach John V , Zhang Jianjun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Despite significant successes, immune checkpoint blockade fails to achieve clinical responses in a significant proportion of patients, predictive markers for responses are imperfect and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unpredictable. We used T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to systematically analyze prospectively collected patient blood samples from a randomized clinical trial of dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to evaluate changes in the T-cell repertoire and their association with response and irAEs.

Methods

Patients with immunotherapy-naïve metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab according to trial protocol (LONESTAR,NCT03391869). Blood samples were systematically obtained at baseline (n=107), after 12 weeks of ipilimumab and nivolumab (n=91), and at the time of grade ≥2 irAEs (n=77). For analysis of T-cell repertoire, we performed immunoSEQ to assess the complementary determining region 3β region of the TCR involved in antigen binding.

Results

A total of 250 samples from 119 patients were analyzed. Patients who had a response to therapy exhibited greater T-cell diversity at baseline. Interestingly, patients with irAEs demonstrated lower T-cell richness at the time of toxicity compared with those without irAEs.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the potential impact of peripheral blood T-cell repertoire on clinical response and toxicities from the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with metastatic NSCLC. These findings suggest that analysis of peripheral blood T-cell repertoire may help to guide patient selection for treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab.

Trial registration number

NCT03391869.
Inhaled corticosteroids and major cardiovascular events in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ioannides Anne E , Kallis Constantinos , Whittaker Hannah R , Quint Jennifer K
Published: December 2024

Background

Whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is debated.

Objectives

To establish, within people with COPD, (1) whether ICS reduced MACE rates (acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF), ischaemic strokes or cardiovascular-specific death) compared with long-acting bronchodilators; and (2) whether drug class, incident usership or patient cardiovascular history influenced the ICS-MACE relationship.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study including patients with COPD in England, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum data, linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics death data, between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. We implemented Cox proportional hazard regressions, adjusting for time interactions or using propensity score-adjusted models, as necessary. Our exposures included prescriptions of any ICS (vs any long-acting bronchodilators) and triple therapy (vs combination long-acting bronchodilators), determined during the year prior to follow-up. The outcomes of interest were MACE collectively and individual MACE subtypes.

Measurements and main results

Among 113 353 people with COPD (mean age 67.9 years old, 53.3% male), ICS prescription was not associated with MACE (adjusted HR (95% CI)=0.98 (0.95, 1.02), p=0.41) but was associated with reduced HF, specifically, until year 6 of follow-up (average adjusted HR (95% CI)=0.91 (0.86, 0.96), p<0.001). HF reduction was driven by the ICS group containing mometasone furoate, beclomethasone, budesonide or ciclesonide (HR (95% CI)=0.89 (0.84, 0.94), p<0.001). Incident ICS use was associated with increased ACS (HR (95% CI)=1.27 (1.09, 1.47), p<0.001) but was not sustained beyond incident use. There was no association between triple therapy and MACE. Results did not differ by cardiovascular history.

Conclusions

ICS did not reduce MACE, except HF, likely by reducing misclassified COPD exacerbations.
Strong-field QED effects on polarization states in dipole and quadrudipole pulsar emissions
Authors: Kim Dong-Hoon , Kim Chul Min , Kim Sang Pyo
Published: December 2024

Highly magnetized neutron stars have quantum refraction effects on pulsar emission due to the non-linearity of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) action. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the polarization states of pulsar emission under the quantum refraction effects, combined with the dependence on the emission frequency, for dipole and quadrudipole pulsar models; we solve a system of evolution equations of the Stokes vector, where the birefringent vector, in which such effects are encoded, acts on the Stokes vector. At a fixed emission frequency, depending on the magnitude of the birefringent vector, dominated mostly by the magnetic field strength, the evolution of the Stokes vector largely exhibits three different patterns: (i) monotonic, or (ii) half-oscillatory, or (iii) highly oscillatory behaviors. These features are understood and confirmed by means of approximate analytical solutions to the evolution equations. Also, the evolution patterns are shown to differ between dipole and quadrudipole pulsar models, depending on the magnetic field strength.
A model-independent compact dynamical system formulation for exploring bounce and cyclic cosmological evolutions in $$f\, (R)$$ gravity
Authors: Chakraborty Saikat , Louw Charlotte , S. Agrawal A. , Dunsby Peter K. S.
Published: December 2024

Using the dynamical systems approach together with the cosmographic parameters, we present a model-independent dynamical system formulation for cosmology in f(R) gravity. The formulation is model-independent in the sense that one needs to specify not a particular functional form of f(R) a-priori, but rather a particular cosmological evolution, which fixes the cosmography. In a sense, our approach is the way around the reconstruction method. This is shown using both non-compact and compact dynamical variables. The focus in this paper is on the compact analysis since we demonstrate the applicability of this formulation using examples of bouncing and cyclic cosmology. In particular, our analysis reveals, in a model-independent manner, the problem of achieving such cosmologies when the universe is globally spatially flat and devoid of matter.
Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial, and helical charges. I. Non-dissipative transport
Authors: Morales-Tejera Sergio , Ambruş Victor E. , Chernodub Maxim N.
Published: December 2024

Due to the spin-orbit coupling, Dirac fermions, submerged in a thermal bath with finite macroscopic vorticity, exhibit a spin polarisation along the direction parallel to the vorticity vector

$$\varvec{\Omega }$$

Ω

. Due to the symmetries of the Lagrangian for free massless Dirac particles, there are three independent and classically conserved currents corresponding to the vector, axial, and helical charges. The constitutive relations for the charge currents and the stress-energy tensor at thermal equilibrium, derived in the framework of quantum field theory at finite temperature, reveal vorticity-induced contributions that deviate from the perfect fluid form. In this paper, we consider the mode structure of the corresponding hydrodynamical theory and derive collective excitations associated with coherent fluctuations of all three charges. We show that the chirally imbalanced rotating fluid should possess non-reciprocal gapless waves that propagate with different velocities along and opposite to the vorticity vector. We also uncover a strictly unidirectional mode, which we call the axial vortical wave, propagating in the background of the axial charge density. The emergence of this wave can be traced back to earlier studies of vortical chiral fluids in a hydrodynamic approach. We also point out an unexpected instability in the limit of degenerate matter and discuss possible solutions when helicity and axial charge non-conservation are taken into account.
Educational Technology Based on Data Mining: Mining Student Behavior Patterns to Optimize Teaching Strategies
Authors: Sun Xueyu
Published: December 2024

Data mining (DM) approaches have been applied in the field of Educational Data Mining (EDM) to obtain the important insights about student preferences and behaviors. By using a variety of strategies to increase the effectiveness of e-learning environments, the design aims to enhance learning processes by forecasting the traits of students. Academic data can be used to study trends in student behavior using a selection of DM, such as grouping, classification, and forecasting. This study presents a novel approach to learning behaviors prediction in the Chaotic-Tuned Shuffled Frog Leaping Optimized Random Forest (CSFLO-RF). The CSFLO technique, which accelerates the global convergence of the traditional SFLO technique, improves the accuracy of RF categorization in the suggested methodology. The K-Means Clustering (KMC) methodology uses the student behavior patterns recorded in the log record to group learners into specific categories based on their e-learning system usage. The generated clusters were allocated multiple learning styles based on the framework for learning styles. Following that, the specified behaviors were employed as input for the proposed CSFLO-RF classification to evaluate the degree to predict the students’ learning behavior. According to the results of the suggested technique, which is implemented to utilize the Weka platform, the CSFLO-RF approach yielded more successful outcomes than other existing strategies.
Machine Learning and Music Analysis: A New Method for Automated Recognition of Music Style and Emotions
Authors: Xiao Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Music is a valuable instrument and conduit for human emotional communication, particularly in current generations. However, that can be provided that conventional music production processes are expensive and demand a lot of time, humans and cash. Several elements, including tempo, mode, volume and melody, contribute to the emotional valence of a musical composition; however, tempo is often considered the most essential. Automatic recognition of emotions in music relies on a valid emotional psychology model. The challenging characteristics are Automated Recognition of Music Style and emotions, lack of musical depth, ethical concerns and loss of human connection. Emotions are interpretive and imply that musical emotion mental models use diverse modeling approaches. Machine learning (ML) is used to high-frequency neurophysiologic data to increase the accuracy of hit song predictions. They demonstrated that using ML to brain data acquired while individuals listened to new music, popular songs could be predicted with near-perfect accuracy. A strategy for obtaining audio features and generating sequential data for learning networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units is provided. Hence, ML-LSTM has been designed for expression depending on the music style. It utilizes facial expression detection and learning computational methods to recommend music to users depending on their mood. Music emotion regression aims to discover more precise music emotions, rather than categorization, that requires differentiating emotions like pleasure, rage, sorrow and peacefulness. That saves time and effort manually categorizing music and helps create a playlist appropriate for a specific individual based on their emotional traits.
Research on Identification Methods for False or Unrelated Information in Network Resource Content
Authors: Tiande Pan
Published: December 2024

There are problems in the recognition of false or irrelevant information in network resource content, such as low recognition rate and high time cost. Therefore, this article proposes a new method for identifying false or irrelevant information in network resource content. By analyzing the network environment in which network resource content is located, starting from the intelligent agent node network, the local topology structure of the network environment is determined. Gaussian distribution and covariance matrix are used to detect whether false or irrelevant information in network resource content is injected into the network, and the maximum standard residual method is introduced to reduce the identification error of false or irrelevant information. Introducing the PCFG analysis tree to analyze the deep syntactic features of false or irrelevant information in network resource content, linking the probability of nodes having false or irrelevant information in the network with the number of nodes in the same cluster among real information nodes, and using the evolutionary equilibrium function to iteratively and recursively extract feature values to achieve feature extraction of false or irrelevant information in the network; By using network node state estimation values and average filtering approximation methods, the trust degree of network nodes in network resource content is calculated to confirm that false and irrelevant information falls into the confidence region of network nodes. Based on this, the density peak of shared neighbors is used to cluster false or irrelevant information of network resources, and the predicted value of state estimation is introduced as the recognition basis. A fixed recognition threshold and confidence function are set to achieve recognition research. The experimental results show that the proposed recognition algorithm performs well in recognition rate, with an average recognition rate of 93.5%, an average time cost of 122 s, and a network stability coefficient of 0.94 or above, reaching a maximum of 0.96, fully verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the method.
Analysis of Power System Signal Processing Method Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xue Hai , Yao Nan , Fan Qing , Liu Ziquan , Liu Zhengyu
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the application of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) in power system signal processing. The research addresses the growing challenges in modern power systems, including increased complexity and data volume. We comprehensively analyze DCNN-based methods for electric load forecasting, fault diagnosis, and power quality assessment. Through extensive experiments and case studies, we demonstrate that DCNNs consistently outperform traditional approaches in accuracy, real-time performance, and robustness. The study explores various DCNN architectures and proposes improvements tailored to power system characteristics. Results show significant enhancements in prediction accuracy and processing speed across different tasks. While challenges such as model interpretability remain, the findings highlight the potential of DCNNs to revolutionize power system signal processing. This research contributes to advancing intelligent power system management and provides a foundation for future developments in smart grid technologies.
REVEALING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAIN AND SKIN BY ANALYZING THEIR RESPONSES TO AUDITORY STIMULI
Authors: KREJCAR ONDREJ , NAMAZI HAMIDREZA
Published: December 2024

This study explored the relationship between brain and skin activities by investigating the contained information in electroencephalogram (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals. Eleven subjects (4[Formula: see text]M, 7[Formula: see text]F, 18–22 years) were monitored while listening to various genres of music (relaxing, pop, and rock), while their EEG and GSR were recorded, and then we computed the Shannon entropy of recorded signals. The results revealed that rock music had the most pronounced impact on altering the information content of the signals compared to other musical genres. Additionally, a strong correlation (0.8926) was detected among the changes in contained information in both signals. This indicates a significant correlation between skin and brain activities. Importantly, this analytical approach shows potential for studying the correlation between brain activity and other bodily organs in diverse scenarios, providing insights into physiological responses under various conditions.
Predicting Consumers’ Usage Intention Towards User-Generated Content: A Hybrid SEM-ANN Approach
Authors: Mathur Smriti , Tewari Alok , Shrivastava Avinash K. , Verma Vimal Chandra , Vishnoi Sushant Kumar , Sharma Preeti
Published: December 2024

With the change in the communication pattern, end-users are engaging in creating content and referring to the content created by other users while making purchase decisions. This research aims at modelling factors affecting consumers’ usage intention (UI) towards user-generated content (UGC) using Need for Cognition (NfC) as a moderator of the proposed relationships. The factors affecting consumers’ UI involve perceived usefulness (PU), source credibility (SC), information quality (IQ) and NfC. Further, a novel attempt has been made by using the neural network approach to assess the predictive accuracy of the model. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 298 consumers through a survey. Data were analysed using two-stage structural equation modelling (SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN). All the independent variables viz., PU, SC, IQ and NfC significantly affect attitude towards UGC, which in turn affects UI. Results of multi-group analysis and a series of chi-square difference tests reveal that a NfC significantly moderates the relationship between PU and attitude, as well as that between SC and attitude. The root mean square error values from the neural network analysis suggest that the models show good predictive accuracy. This study provides a novel assessment of the usage of a hybrid SEM-ANN approach for understanding of UGC by incorporating NfC as a moderator in shaping consumers’ attitudes and intentions to use UGC.
Technical Credit
Authors: Gorton Ian , Bucaioni Alessio , Pelliccione Patrizio
Published: December 2024

Balancing initial investment and long-term results in the software development process.
Electrodeposition of Corrosion Protective Zinc Films from Reverse Micellar Solutions
Authors: Ismail Md. , Reaz Akter Hossain , Roy Chanchal Kumar , Chowdhury Al-Nakib , Saha Shimul
Published: December 2024

Electrodeposition of metallic zinc (Zn) from reverse micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) of different compositions was successfully performed using constant potential electrolysis on copper (Cu) substrate. Electrochemical behavior of ZnSO4 was investigated in reverse micellar solutions of CTAB on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by cyclic voltammetric technique and the electroreduction of Zn(II) to Zn(0) was suggested to be an electrochemically irreversible diffusion controlled process. Morphology and microstructure of the electrodeposited Zn films onto a Cu substrate were examined by scanning electron microscopy, while elemental characterizations were carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic method and X-ray diffraction technique. Electrodeposition of Zn from reverse micellar solutions occurred with definite homogeneous shapes whereas, inhomogeneous/random gross Zn deposition was obtained from aqueous system. Moreover, morphology of the electrodeposited Zn films obtained from reverse micellar solutions was found to be varied with the variation of composition of reverse micellar solutions of CTAB. The corrosion protective behavior of the electrodeposited Zn films evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques with 3.5 wt% NaCl solution as corrosion media showed that Zn deposits obtained from reverse micellar solutions exhibited better corrosion protection behavior compared to that obtained from aqueous solution.
Type A Aortic Dissection in a Previously Healthy Pregnant Patient: A Challenging Dilemma, Case Report, and Literature Review
Authors: Bateni Elham , Dehghan Maryam , Ahmadikia Zeinab
Published: December 2024

Aortic dissection (AoD) is a rare fatal condition in which tearing in the intima causes a false channel in the aorta and can lead to rupture. AoD is classified as the DeBakey classification (Types I, II, III) and Stanford classification (Types A and B). Women with underlying risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, bicuspid aortic valve, and connective tissue disorders are at risk for pregnancy‐related AoD. These risk factors may not be recognized until the AoD occurs during pregnancy. We describe an acute incidence of type A AoD in the second trimester of pregnancy. A multiparous woman with no previously known risk factor presented with nonspecific chest pain. She was found to have AoD and underwent successful surgical intervention. This case demonstrates the importance of vigilance in the evaluation of pregnant women with new cardiopulmonary symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach can save the mother and the fetus.
Enhancing the Rate Capability of Prussian Blue Analogs for Na‐Ion Batteries: Key Factors and Control Strategies
Authors: Kang San Chun , Song Na Yeong , Hyeon Chang-Wan , Chung Chan-Yeup , Chun Sang-Eun
Published: December 2024

The open‐framework structure of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) allows the movement of alkali ions within the crystal, making PBAs promising electrode materials for high‐rate sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Typically, PBAs are synthesized in an aqueous environment through the instantaneous reaction of transition metal ions with ferrocyanide ions, resulting in the inclusion of water in the lattice and the induction of Fe vacancies. These defects decrease the rate capability of the synthesized material; therefore, the principles behind their formation must be comprehensively elucidated to maximize the performance of synthesized PBAs. This review describes various PBA synthesis methods and explores the principles behind defect formation in materials specific to each synthesis technique. Additionally, the mechanism through which crystal structure and morphology determine the rate capability of PBAs is discussed. This review also examines critical factors affecting kinetics and discusses strategies for improving rate capability and mitigating performance degradation. Elucidation of the changes in material parameters due to synthesis processes and conditions is crucial for increasing the rate capability of PBA materials.
Alpha Power Transformed Generalized Weibull Distribution With Its Detailed Properties and Applications
Authors: Aga Merga Abdissa , Goshu Ayele Taye
Published: December 2024

This study introduces the alpha power transformed generalized Weibull distribution (APTGWD), a novel probability model derived by transforming the generalization of Weibull distribution (GWD) using an alpha power technique. Various shapes of the distribution, including probability, cumulative, hazard, and survival functions, are explored. Noteworthy hazard rate function shapes such as increasing, decreasing, bathtub, and bumping curves are revealed. Key properties such as the quantile function, moments, and moment generating function (MGF) are derived, showcasing the distribution’s versatility in modeling both monotone and nonmonotone hazard rate functions common in reliability and lifetime data analysis. Parameter estimation is performed using the maximum likelihood method. Simulation studies and analysis of real datasets with the new APTGWD model demonstrate the distribution’s potential as an alternative for modeling lifetime and reliability data. The study presents a new probability distribution with interesting properties, contributing to statistical theory. Implications for statistical inferences, parameter estimation, and applications in fields of life sciences are discussed, offering new insights. This finding can help as a foundation for future studies in statistics and related areas.
Neuropathic Component Characteristics in Chronic Secondary Musculoskeletal Pain After Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Fractures: A Pilot Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Pickering Marie-Eva , Perrot Serge , Christian Dualé , Morel Véronique , Macian Nicolas , Pereira Bruno
Published: December 2024

Background: The neuropathic characteristics of pain occurring after an osteoporosis (OP)‐related fracture are often under‐recognized. The aim of this pilot study is to identify, in patients suffering from pain localized on the site of a previous osteoporotic fracture, the presence of neuropathic characteristics, their medical management, and their impact on quality of life.

Methods: This pilot cross‐sectional study on consecutive patients in University Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Clermont‐Ferrand, France, was approved by the Ethics Committee (IRB number 2023‐CF34). Pain was evaluated with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neuropathic Component of Chronic pain (NCCP) was screened with the DN4 questionnaire, and sleep was assessed with the Pittsburg questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, quality of life, and concomitant treatment were also evaluated. Results were expressed using effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Fifty new patients with a history of at least one fully documented fragility vertebral fracture (VF) or nonvertebral fracture (NVF) due to osteoporosis, in the last 2 years minus the previous 6 months, were included. Findings show that 21% patients with VF and 28% patients with NVF reported NCCP (DN ≥ 4). NCCP patients had more intense pain (NPRS = 5.1 ± 2.9 vs. 2.9 ± 2.7, ES = 0.82 [0.18; 1.44], p = 0.019) and impaired sleep compared to patients without NCCP (ES = 0.71 [0.08; 1.33], p = 0.043). A remarkable point was that patients had no specific oral or topical treatment for NCCP and were only taking on demand paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.

Conclusions: Future research should focus on the neuropathic characteristics of pain patients with OP, in order to better manage OP‐related pain.
SupplementaryGeneTable S1 from Beyond HRD Status: Unraveling Genetic Variants Impacting PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kjeldsen Maj K. , Jørgensen Morten , Grønseth Dina Sofie B. , Schønemann-Lund Martin , Nyvang Gitte-Bettina , Haslund Charlotte Aaquist , Knudsen Anja Oer , Motavaf Anne Krejbjerg , Malander Susanne , Anttila Maarit , Lindahl Gabriel , Mäenpää Johanna , Dimoula Maria , Werner Theresa L. , Iversen Trine Zeeberg , Hietanen Sakari , Fokdal Lars , Dahlstrand Hanna , Bjørge Line , Birrer Michael J. , Mirza Mansoor R. , Rossing Maria
Published: December 2024

All identified pathogenic variants in the samples analyzed.