bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TD-DFT calculations, dipole moments, and solvatochromic properties of 2-aminochromone-3-carboxaldehyde and its hydrazone derivatives
Authors: Adly Omima M. I. , Taha Ali , Fahmy Shery A. , Ibrahim Magdy A.
Published: September 2023

2-Aminochromone-3-carboxaldehyde (ACC) and its hydrazones (ACMHCA and ACMNPHTCA) with semicarbazide hydrochloride and N-phenylthiosemicarbazide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies.
A macrocyclic quinol-containing ligand enables high catalase activity even with a redox-inactive metal at the expense of the ability to mimic superoxide dismutase
Authors: Karbalaei Sana , Franke Alicja , Oppelt Julian , Aziz Tarfi , Jordan Aubree , Pokkuluri P. Raj , Schwartz Dean D. , Ivanović-Burmazović Ivana , Goldsmith Christian R.
Published: September 2023

Manganese, iron, and zinc complexes with the macrocyclic quinol-containing ligand H4qp4 are highly active and durable catalysts for the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide but do not efficiently dismutate superoxide.
A Pd-based plasmonic photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation through an antenna–reactor mechanism
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Jia Henglei , Su Sihua , Zhang Yidi , Zhao Mengxuan , Li Jingzhao , Ruan Qifeng , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: September 2023

A Pd-based plasmonic photocatalyst was constructed through the overgrowth of a Ru array on Pd nano-octahedra, and the obtained nanostructures exhibited excellent N2 photofixation activity via an antenna–reactor mechanism.
The interface microenvironment mediates the emission of a semiconductor nanocluster via surface-dopant-involving direct charge transfer
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Hao , Zhang Jiaxu , Lan Yingjia , Liu Jia-Xing , Yuan Shang-Fu , Zhou Xiao-Ping , Li Xiaohong , Qin Chaochao , Li Dong-Sheng , Wu Tao
Published: September 2023

Interface microenvironment mediated surface-Mn2+-involving direct charge transfer with interfacial alkylamines was for the first time revealed by using an atomically precise semiconductor nanocluster model with uniform near-surface Mn2+ ions.
A five-carbon unsaturated Criegee intermediate: synthesis, spectroscopic identification, and theoretical study of 3-penten-2-one oxide
Authors: Roy Tarun Kumar , Liu Tianlin , Qian Yujie , Sojdak Christopher A. , Kozlowski Marisa C. , Lester Marsha I.
Published: September 2023

A five-carbon unsaturated Criegee intermediate, 3-penten-2-one oxide, has been identified in the laboratory using a combination of synthesis, spectroscopy, and theoretical analysis.
Alkali-stable polybenzimidazole anion exchange membranes tethered with N,N-dimethylpiperidinium cations for dilute aqueous KOH fed water electrolyzers
Authors: Boström Oskar , Choi Seung-Young , Xia Lu , Meital Shviro , Lohmann-Richters Felix , Jannasch Patric
Published: September 2023

Piperidinium-functionalized polybenzimidazoles enable stable and significantly higher current densities in electrolyzers fed with dilute aq. KOH solutions than a commercial reference material with much higher electrolyte concentrations.
Enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction via photoelectrochemical water splitting utilizing asymmetric MoSSe under a low external magnetic field
Authors: Roy Krishnendu , Ghosh Dibyendu , Maitra Soumyajit , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2023

The co-existence of superior photocatalytic properties and strong spin–orbit-coupling in two-dimensional polar MoSSe plays a benign role in external magnetic field enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction.
An argyrodite sulfide coated NCM cathode for improved interfacial contact in normal-pressure operational all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Kim Jun Tae , Shin Hyeon-Ji , Kim A-Yeon , Oh Hyeonseong , Kim Hun , Yu Seungho , Kim Hyoungchul , Chung Kyung Yoon , Kim Jongsoon , Sun Yang-Kook , Jung Hun-Gi
Published: September 2023

The introduction of the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte coating layer forms a better Li+ ionic pathway within the composite cathode. This enables high discharge capacity and long cycle life with intimate interfacial contact.
Plasmonic polymer nanoantenna arrays for electrically tunable and electrode-free metasurfaces
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Jeong Daseul , KK Sriram , Chen Shangzhi , Westerlund Fredrik , Kang Byeongwon , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Jonsson Magnus P. , Kang Evan S. H.
Published: September 2023

Electrically tunable and electrode-free metasurfaces using plasmonic polymer inverted nanoantenna arrays can operate across the entire spectral range of the material, including the mid-infrared region.
Emergent ionic conduction in aliovalently-doped fast ion conductors
Authors: Bandi Bharathi , Chatterjee Abhijit
Published: September 2023

Studying diverse cation arrangements in yttria doped zirconia reveals connections between microscopic factors and the overall ionic conductivity.
Anti-swelling hydrogels based on surfactant–polymer interactions for underwater sensing with excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Cai Yue , Wan Kaizhen , Chen Qihui , Hong Maochun , Zhou Zhao-Xi , Fu Heqing
Published: September 2023

We synthesized an anti-swelling, tough, double-crosslinked, dual-network hydrogel, P(AA-SMA)-CMC-Na, for underwater sensing.
Oxidative debris in graphene oxide: a decade of research
Authors: de Lima Alessandro Henrique , Scarpa Isabella , Azevedo Nathalia Cristine Lima , Lelis Gabrielle Coelho , Strauss Mathias , Martinez Diego Stéfani Teodoro , Furlan de Oliveira Rafael
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes a decade of research on oxidative debris (ODs) in graphene oxide (GO) and discusses the protocols for isolating ODs, their structural characteristics, and their influence on several GO properties.
Zero-bias Bi-based perovskite image sensor arrays with direct laser-scribing process
Authors: Yang Yaqian , Li Ying , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen
Published: September 2023

We presented a 25 × 25 array imaging sensor based on Cs3Bi2Br9 photodetectors using a laser-scribing technique, which has the advantages of low cost, high accuracy, and being lithography-free.
Gut microbiota profile and the influence of nutritional status on bacterial distribution in diabetic and healthy Tunisian subjects
Authors: Fassatoui Meriem , Saffarian Azadeh , Mulet Céline , Jamoussi Henda , Gamoudi Amel , Ben Halima Yosra , Hechmi Meriem , Abdelhak Sonia , Abid Abdelmajid , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Pedron Thierry , Kefi Rym
Published: September 2023

Gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism and immunity. We investigated the profile of gut microbiota and the impact of dietary intake on gut bacterial distribution in diabetic and healthy Tunisian subjects, aiming to identify a dysbiotic condition, hence opening the way to restore eubiosis and facilitate return to health. In the present research, we enrolled 10 type 1 diabetic (T1D), 10 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and 13 healthy (H) subjects. Illumina Miseq technology was used to sequence V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16SrRNA gene. Data were analyzed referring to QIIME 2 pipeline. RStudio software was used to explore the role of nutrition in gut bacterial distribution. At the phylum level, we identified an imbalanced gut microbiota composition in diabetic patients marked by a decrease in the proportion of Firmicutes and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with H subjects. We observed higher amounts of Fusobacteria and a decline in the levels of TM7 phyla in T1D patients compared with H subjects. However, we revealed a decrease in the proportions of Verrucomicrobia in T2D patients compared with H subjects. At the genus level, T2D subjects were more affected by gut microbiota alteration, showing a reduction in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, Clostridium, Blautia and Oscillibacter, whereas T1D group shows a decrease in the proportion of Blautia. The gut bacteria distribution was mainly affected by fats and carbohydrates consumption. Gut microbiota composition was altered in Tunisian diabetic patients and affected by dietary habits.
The molecular mechanisms of spinocerebellar ataxias for DNA repeat expansion in disease
Authors: Kumar Manish , Tyagi Nishu , Faruq Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders which commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. They cause muscle incoordination due to degeneration of the cerebellum and other parts of nervous system. Out of all the characterized (>50) SCAs, 14 SCAs are caused due to microsatellite repeat expansion mutations. Repeat expansions can result in toxic protein gain-of-function, protein loss-of-function, and/or RNA gain-of-function effects. The location and the nature of mutation modulate the underlying disease pathophysiology resulting in varying disease manifestations. Potential toxic effects of these mutations likely affect key major cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial functioning, ion channel dysfunction and synaptic transmission. Involvement of several common pathways suggests interlinked function of genes implicated in the disease pathogenesis. A better understanding of the shared and distinct molecular pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases is required to develop targeted therapeutic tools and interventions for disease management. The prime focus of this review is to elaborate on how expanded ‘CAG’ repeats contribute to the common modes of neurotoxicity and their possible therapeutic targets in management of such devastating disorders.
Factors Associated With Hearing Aid Outcomes Including Social Networks, Self-Reported Mental Health, and Service Delivery Models
Authors: Mothemela Bopane , Manchaiah Vinaya , Mahomed-Asmail Faheema , Graham Marien , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This study aims to identify and describe factors that influence hearing aid outcomes including social networks, self-reported mental health, and service delivery models.

Method:

A prospective cross-sectional online survey was sent to hearing aid users recruited through an online platform (
http://www.hearingtracker.com
) between October and November 2021. The survey contained questions on patient demographics, audiological variables, general health and social factors, and self-reported hearing aid outcomes using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA). Regression models evaluated potential contributing factors of hearing aid outcomes on the IOI-HA.

Results:

Three hundred ninety-eight hearing aid users completed the survey with an average age of 66.6 (
SD
= 13.0) years, of which 59.3% were male. Positive contributing factors of hearing aid outcomes (IOI-HA total score) were social network of people with hearing loss with hearing aids (
p
< .010; Exp[B] = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.1]), self-reported mental health (
p
< .05; Exp[B] = 0.6, 95% CI [0.01, 1.2]), work situation (
p
< .001; Exp[B] = 1.9, 95% CI [0.7, 2.8]), quality of life (
p
< .005; Exp[B] = 1.2, 95% CI [0.3, 1.1]), and self-reported hearing difficulty (
p
< .02; Exp[B] = 0.8, 95% CI [0.2, 1.5]). Negative contributing factors of hearing aid outcomes included social networks of people with hearing loss without hearing aids (
p
< .001; Exp[B] = −0.1, 95% CI [−0.2, −0.2]) and service delivery model of private or university clinic compared to big-box retailers (
p
< .001; Exp[B] = −1.6, 95% CI [−2.7, −0.7]).

Conclusions:

Novel factors including social network of persons with hearing loss who use hearing aids, self-reported mental health, service delivery model, and work situation are significant contributors to hearing aid outcomes. These newly identified factors can inform public hearing health promotion and individualized audiological care to optimize hearing aid outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24060486
Motor Performance During Sensorimotor Training for Airway Protection in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Borders James C. , Hegland Karen W. , Vanegas-Arroyave Nora , Troche Michelle S.
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Cough dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and associated with pneumonia, a leading cause of death. Although research suggests that cough can be volitionally upregulated, patterns of improvements that occur during cough skill training and potential correlates remain unexamined. Therefore, we sought to characterize changes to peak flow during cough skill training, examine whether early variability predicted motor performance trajectories during treatment, and explore the relationship between peak flow during cough skill training and motor learning on a similar but untrained task (i.e., reflex cough testing).

Method:

This secondary analysis of treatment data from a randomized controlled trial included 28 individuals with PD who participated in five sessions of sensorimotor training for airway protection (smTAP). During this novel cough skill training, participants completed 25 repetitions of coughs targeting peak flow 25% above their baseline. Reflex and voluntary cough testing was performed pre- and posttreatment. Bayesian multilevel growth curve models provided group and individual-level estimates of peak flow during training.

Results:

The magnitude and consistency of peak flow increased during cough skill training. Variability in peak flow during the first treatment session was associated with greater improvements to peak flow in later sessions. There was no relationship between changes to peak flow during cough skill training and motor learning.

Conclusions:

Individuals with PD improved the strength and variability of cough peak flow during cough skill training. These findings provide a clinically relevant characterization of motor performance during cough skill training and lend insight into potential correlates to guide future treatment paradigms.
Hyolaryngeal Movement During Normal and Effortful Swallows Determined During Ultrasonography
Authors: Bahia Mariana M. , Lowell Soren Y.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated (a) the effects of the effortful swallow under two different instructions (tongue emphasis vs. pharyngeal squeezing) on hyoid displacement and hyoid–larynx approximation, (b) the association between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallowing and the effortful swallow produced with tongue emphasis, and (c) age-related differences in hyolaryngeal movement during normal and effortful swallows (tongue emphasis vs. pharyngeal squeezing) in healthy individuals.

Method:

Forty healthy adults (20 younger and 20 older) swallowed their saliva as they normally do (normal swallow) and performed the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis and pharyngeal squeezing. Tongue-to-palate pressure during swallowing was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, hyolaryngeal movement was measured using ultrasonography, and submental surface electromyography was used to track swallows.

Results:

Results revealed differences in hyolaryngeal movement across swallowing types. Both types of effortful swallows showed greater hyolaryngeal movement than normal swallows. Additionally, hyolaryngeal movement was greater during the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis than the effortful swallow with pharyngeal squeezing. Age-related differences were found only in hyoid–larynx approximation during the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis (younger > older adults). Furthermore, moderate positive correlations were identified between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallows and the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis.

Conclusions:

The findings show that varying instructions of the effortful swallow affect hyolaryngeal movement differently, suggesting that clinicians may need to individualize the effortful swallow instruction according to the physiological impairments of each patient. Additionally, natural age-related changes in swallowing physiology do not seem to affect an individual's ability to perform the effortful swallow or to impact hyolaryngeal movement. Finally, the association between tongue pressure and hyolaryngeal movement during normal swallows and the effortful swallow with tongue emphasis suggests that the tongue plays a critical role in swallowing, priming subsequent swallowing events.
Preliminary Data: Powered Mobility Intervention With Language Monitoring for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nesbitt Claire Cramer , Pace Amy , Feldner Heather A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Adapted ride-on cars offer an affordable mobility intervention that provides broader access to a child's environment. Such newfound independence is a unique opportunity to examine changes in environmental language and communicative participation as children acquire mobility. New technologies such as the Language Environmental Analysis (LENA) system hold promise for evaluating naturalistic language interactions but have not yet been applied to children with cerebral palsy with physical and/or communication impairments. This study sought to use LENA with a sample of children with cerebral palsy to determine the feasibility of monitoring environmental language patterns during longitudinal mobility intervention.

Method:

LENA's adult word counts, conversational turns, and child vocalizations were compared across three time points for participants aged 16–49 months with a range of communication skills (indexed by Communication Function Classification System Levels I–IV).

Results:

Feasibility was established with acceptable criterion validity during active drive time. Results had large effect sizes, likely diluted by sample size and heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

Limitations include small sample size, nonprescriptive use of powered mobility devices, and lack of control group. Future studies should incorporate these features to more closely examine communication patterns.
A bytecode‐based integrated detection and repair method for reentrancy vulnerabilities in smart contracts
Authors: Feng Zijun , Feng Yuming , He Hui , Zhang Weizhe , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2023

The reentrancy vulnerability in smart contracts has caused significant losses in the digital currency economy. Existing solutions for detecting and repairing this vulnerability are limited in scope and lack a comprehensive framework. Additionally, there is currently a lack of guidance methods for effectively pinpointing the location of vulnerabilities. The proposed bytecode‐level method addresses these challenges by incorporating a detection module, an auxiliary localization module, and a repair module. An opcode classification method is introduced using vulnerability features and a BiLSTM‐Attention‐based sequence model to enhance detection accuracy. To overcome difficulties in vulnerability localization, an auxiliary localization method based on data flow and control flow analysis is proposed, enabling developers to better locate vulnerabilities. Current reentrancy vulnerability repair methods are analyzed and strategies for three reachable patterns are proposed. The bytecode rewriting strategy utilizes Trampoline technology for repair, while a fuel optimization method reduces bytecode generation length to optimize gas costs. Through extensive experimental validation, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods are confirmed, further validating the feasibility of the entire framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework offers enhanced protection against reentrancy vulnerability attacks in smart contracts.
Event‐triggered cooperative control for moving target encirclement and tracking with time‐varying pattern by UAV formation
Authors: Jia Jiangbo , Chen Xin , Wang Weizhen , Zhang Min
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates an event‐triggered cooperative control policy of moving‐target encirclement and tracking with time‐varying radius commands for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation. Different from the existing works, this study takes into account the relative motion model between the UAVs and the target in order to design a guidance law specifically tailored for moving‐target encirclement and tracking. Additionally, a time‐varying radius command is introduced, allowing the radius of the circular orbit formed by the UAVs around the target to adjust according to the commands. This flexibility and adaptability enhance the UAV formation's performance in complex work scenes and unstructured geometric spaces. To address the concerns of communication and computing costs associated with time‐triggered guidance laws, an event‐triggered method is proposed for dynamic target encirclement and tracking, eliminating the occurrence of Zeno behaviour. The stability of the proposed guidance laws is mathematically proven using the interconnected systems lemma. Finally, the effectiveness of the controllers is verified by some simulations.
A sub‐6GHz wideband low noise amplifier with high gain and low noise figure in 110‐nm SOI CMOS
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Li Zhiqun , Xu Tong
Published: September 2023

This letter presents a sub‐6 GHz wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) based on a double L‐type load network and utilizes the negative feedback technique. Using the cascode structure, along with the aforementioned techniques, it is possible to achieve a single‐stage wideband LNA with high gain and low noise figure (NF). Fabricated in 110‐nm SOI CMOS technology, the proposed LNA achieves a maximum power gain of 15.2 dB, noise figure of 1.0–1.56 dB. The 3‐dB bandwidth ranges from 3.05 to 4.55 GHz. The minimum power input at 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) is −17.1 dBm. The LNA area is 0.18 mm2 and dissipates a total power of 11.5 mW from a 1.4‐V power supply.
Carbon nanotubes and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets co‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites: Improved electrical property for cable accessory applications
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Xu Huiduo , Dai Chuanxian , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yongquan , Chi Qingguo
Published: September 2023

Rubber‐based composites based on ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) with excellent non‐linear electrical conductivity are preferred to serve as reinforced insulation in cable accessories, which can self‐adaptively regulate electric field distribution and avoid electric field concentration due to the non‐linear conductivity. The conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT) are filled into EPDM to improve the non‐linear conductivity, while the insulating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BN) are used to reconcile the electric breakdown strength. The results show that with the increase of CNT loading content, the non‐linear conductivity of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites becomes more prominent, accompanying the decrease of threshold field strength and increase of non‐linear coefficient. However, the electric breakdown strength of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites seriously deteriorates due to the increase of CNT content and temperature. By incorporating 10 wt.% h‐BN into the composites, the reduction percentage of breakdown strength can be significantly lowered, which is 19.95% of neat EPDM and 13.74% of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites at 70°C, respectively. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation results demonstrate that using the CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composite as the reinforced insulation can eliminate the electric field concentration of the cable accessory as well as enable the cable accessory with good lightning shock resistance.
A robust and clinically applicable deep learning model for early detection of Alzheimer's
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Islam Md Manowarul , Talukder Md. Alamin , Uddin Md Ashraf , Aryal Sunil , Alotaibi Naif , Alyami Salem A. , Hasan Khondokar Fida , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease, often known as dementia, is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible memory loss by destroying brain cells. People die because there is no specific treatment for this disease. Alzheimer's is most common among seniors 65 years and older. However, the progress of this disease can be reduced if it can be diagnosed earlier. Recently, artificial intelligence has instilled hope in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by performing sophisticated analyses on extensive patient datasets, enabling the identification of subtle patterns that may elude human experts. Researchers have investigated various deep learning and machine learning models to diagnose this disease at an early stage using image datasets. In this paper, a new Deep learning (DL) methodology is proposed, where MRI images are fed into the model after applying various pre‐processing techniques. The proposed Alzheimer's disease detection approach adopts transfer learning for multi‐class classification using brain MRIs. The MRI Images are classified into four categories: mild dementia (MD), moderate dementia (MOD), very mild dementia (VMD), and non‐dementia (ND). The model is implemented and extensive performance analysis is performed. The finding shows that the model obtains 97.31% accuracy. The model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐score.
Enhanced quadratic DC–DC boost converters with super‐wide voltage gain ranges and ultra‐low voltage stress for renewable energy systems
Authors: Miao Shan , Luo Xinyuan , Liu Wei , Jin Yang
Published: September 2023

As the promising and ideal clean energies, wind and solar energy systems are in desperate need of high‐performance DC–DC converters to realize efficient and reliable energy transformation. Conventional DC–DC converters for renewable energy systems will work at extreme duty cycles and affect the system efficiency and reliability owing to their limited voltage gains and high‐voltage stress. In this paper, by adopting the hybrid voltage multiplier cells, two enhanced quadratic boost converters (EQBCs) which are highly desirable for renewable energy applications are proposed and analyzed. The EQBCs possess super‐wide voltage gain ranges and ultra‐low voltage stress; therefore, small duty cycle conditions can be achieved and components with low‐rated voltages can be chosen to decrease system volumes and increase system efficiencies. Besides, the EQBCs possess continuous input currents, which can realize small input current ripples and avoid the serious effect of pulsating current on the input sources. What's more, stable output voltages and simple controller circuits are realized by the EQBCs because of the common grounded structures of the input terminal, the single active switch and the output terminal. Detailed principle analyses, parameter designs, performance comparisons and experimental prototypes are conducted to verify the characteristics and feasibilities of the EQBCs.
Evolution of Chemistry in the envelope of HOt corinoS (ECHOS)
Authors: Esplugues G. , Rodríguez-Baras M. , San Andrés D. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Fuente A. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Spezzano S. , Caselli P.
Published: September 2023

Context. Within the project Evolution of Chemistry in the envelope of HOt corinoS (ECHOS), we present a study of sulphur chemistry in the envelope of the Class 0 source B 335 through observations in the spectral range λ = 7, 3, and 2 mm.

Aims. Our goal is to characterise the sulphur chemistry in this isolated protostellar source and compare it with other Class 0 objects to determine the environmental and evolutionary effects on the sulphur chemistry in these young sources.

Methods. We have modelled observations and computed column densities assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and large velocity gradient approximation. We have also used the code Nautilus to study the time evolution of sulphur species, as well as of several sulphur molecular ratios.

Results. We have detected 20 sulphur species in B 335 with a total gas-phase S abundance similar to that found in the envelopes of other Class 0 objects, but with significant differences in the abundances between sulphur carbon chains and sulphur molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen. Our results highlight the nature of B 335 as a source especially rich in sulphur carbon chains unlike other Class 0 sources. The low presence or absence of some molecules, such as SO and SO+, suggests a chemistry not particularly influenced by shocks. We, however, detect a large presence of HCS+ that, together with the low rotational temperatures obtained for all the S species (<15 K), reveals the moderate or low density of the envelope of B 335. Model results also show the large influence of the cosmic ray ionisation rate and density variations on the abundances of some S species (e.g. SO, SO2, CCS, and CCCS) with differences of up to ~4 orders of magnitude. We also find that observations are better reproduced by models with a sulphur depletion factor of 10 with respect to the sulphur cosmic elemental abundance.

Conclusions. The comparison between our model and observational results for B 335 reveals an age of 104 < t < 105 yr, which high-lights the particularly early evolutionary stage of this source. B 335 presents a different chemistry compared to other young protostars that have formed in dense molecular clouds, which could be the result of accretion of surrounding material from the diffuse cloud onto the protostellar envelope of B 335. In addition, the theoretical analysis and comparison with observations of the SO2/C2S, SO/CS, and HCS+/CS ratios within a sample of prestellar cores and Class 0 objects show that they could be used as good chemical evolutionary indicators of the prestellar to protostellar transition.
Wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping of intermediate-redshift quasars HE 0413-4031 and HE 0435-4312: Dissecting Mg II, optical Fe II, and UV Fe II emission regions
Authors: Prince Raj , Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Kumar Jaiswal Vikram , Czerny Bożena , Trzcionkowski Piotr , Bronikowski Mateusz , Rałowski Mateusz , Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Loli Martinez-Aldama Mary , Śniegowska Marzena , Średzińska Justyna , Bilicki Maciej , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Pandey Ashwani , Haas Martin , Jacek Sarna Marek , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Karas Vladimir , Olejak Aleksandra , Przyłuski Robert , Sefako Ramotholo R. , Genade Anja , Worters Hannah L. , Kozłowski Szymon , Udalski Andrzej
Published: September 2023

Context. We present the wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping (RM) of combined Mg II and UV Fe II broad-line emissions for two intermediate-redshift (z ∼ 1), luminous quasars, HE 0413-4031 and HE 0435-4312, monitored by the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) and 1m class telescopes between 2012 and 2022.

Aims. Using a wavelength-resolved technique, we aim to disentangle the Mg II and Fe II emission regions and to build a radius–luminosity (R–L) relation for UV Fe II emission, which has so far remained unconstrained.

Methods. We applied several time-delay methodologies to constrain the time delays for total Mg II and Fe II emissions. In addition, wavelength-resolved RM is performed to quantify the inflow or outflow of broad-line region (BLR) gas around the supermassive black hole and to disentangle the emission and the emitting regions based on lines produced in proximity to each other.

Results. The mean total FeII time delay is nearly equal to the mean total MgII time delay for HE 0435-4312, suggesting the co-spatiality of their emission regions. However, in HE 0413-4031, the mean FeII time delay is found to be longer than the mean MgII time delay, suggesting that FeII emission is produced at greater distances from the black hole. The UV FeII R–L relation is updated with these two quasars (now four in total) and compared with the optical FeII relation (20 sources), which suggests that the optical FeII emission region is located further than the UV FeII region by a factor of 1.7–1.9, that is, RFeII-opt ∼ (1.7 − 1.9)RFeII-UV.

Conclusion. Wavelength-resolved reverberation is an efficient way to constrain the geometry and structure of the BLR. We detected a weak pattern in the time delay versus wavelength relation, suggesting that the MgII broad line originates from a region slightly closer to the SMBH than the UV FeII pseudo continuum, although the difference is not very significant. Comparison of MgII, UV, and optical FeII R–L relations suggests that the difference may be greater for lower-luminosity sources, possibly with the MgII emission originating further from the SMBH. In the future, more RM data will be acquired, allowing better constraints on these trends, in particular the UV FeII R–L relation.
Neural network-based emulation of interstellar medium models
Authors: Palud Pierre , Einig Lucas , Le Petit Franck , Bron Émeric , Chainais Pierre , Chanussot Jocelyn , Pety Jérôme , Thouvenin Pierre-Antoine , Languignon David , Bešlić Ivana , Santa-Maria Miriam G. , Orkisz Jan H. , Ségal Léontine E. , Zakardjian Antoine , Bardeau Sébastien , Gerin Maryvonne , Goicoechea Javier R. , Gratier Pierre , Guzman Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Levrier François , Liszt Harvey S. , Le Bourlot Jacques , Roueff Antoine , Sievers Albrecht
Published: September 2023

Context.The interpretation of observations of atomic and molecular tracers in the galactic and extragalactic interstellar medium (ISM) requires comparisons with state-of-the-art astrophysical models to infer some physical conditions. Usually, ISM models are too timeconsuming for such inference procedures, as they call for numerous model evaluations. As a result, they are often replaced by an interpolation of a grid of precomputed models.

Aims.We propose a new general method to derive faster, lighter, and more accurate approximations of the model from a grid of precomputed models for use in inference procedures.

Methods.These emulators are defined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) with adapted architectures and are fitted using regression strategies instead of interpolation methods. The specificities inherent in ISM models need to be addressed to design and train adequate ANNs. Indeed, such models often predict numerous observables (e.g., line intensities) from just a few input physical parameters and can yield outliers due to numerical instabilities or physical bistabilities and multistabilities. We propose applying five strategies to address these characteristics: (1) an outlier removal procedure; (2) a clustering method that yields homogeneous subsets of lines that are simpler to predict with different ANNs; (3) a dimension reduction technique that enables us to adequately size the network architecture; (4) the physical inputs are augmented with a polynomial transform to ease the learning of nonlinearities; and (5) a dense architecture to ease the learning of simpler relations between line intensities and physical parameters.

Results.We compare the proposed ANNs with four standard classes of interpolation methods, nearest-neighbor, linear, spline, and radial basis function (RBF), to emulate a representative ISM numerical model known as the Meudon PDR code. Combinations of the proposed strategies produce networks that outperform all interpolation methods in terms of accuracy by a factor of 2 in terms of the average error (reaching 4.5% on the Meudon PDR code) and a factor of 3 for the worst-case errors (33%). These networks are also 1000 times faster than accurate interpolation methods and require ten to forty times less memory.

Conclusions.This work will enable efficient inferences on wide-field multiline observations of the ISM.
Multiple stellar populations found outside the tidal radius of NGC 1851 via Gaia DR3 XP spectra
Authors: Cordoni Giacomo , Marino Anna F. , Milone Antonino P. , Dondoglio Emanuele , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Legnardi Maria Vittoria , Mohandasan Anjana , Jang Sohee , Ziliotto Tuila
Published: September 2023

Aims. Ancient galactic globular clusters (GCs) have long fascinated astronomers due to their intriguing multiple stellar populations (MPs), which are characterized by variations in light element abundances. Among these clusters, type II GCs stand out as they exhibit stars with large differences in heavy-element chemical abundances. These enigmatic clusters, comprising approximately 17% of analyzed GCs with MPs, have been hypothesized to be the remnants of accreted dwarf galaxies.

Methods. We focus on one of the most debated type II GCs, namely, NGC 1851, to investigate its MPs across a wide spatial range of up to 50 arcmin from the cluster center. By using Gaia Data Release 3 low-resolution XP spectra, we generated synthetic photometry to perform a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and kinematics of the canonical and anomalous populations within this GC. By using appropriate color-magnitude diagrams from the synthetic photometry in the BVI bands and in the f41525 band introduced in this work, we identified distinct stellar sequences associated with different heavy-element chemical compositions.

Results. Our results suggest that the canonical and the anomalous populations reside both inside and outside the tidal radius of NGC 1851, up to a distance that exceeds its tidal radius 3.5 times. However, about 80% of stars outside the tidal radius are consistent with characteristics that class them among the canonical population, emphasizing its dominance in the cluster’s outer regions. Remarkably, canonical stars exhibit a more circular on-sky morphology, while the anomalous population displays an elliptical shape. Furthermore, we delve into the kinematics of the multiple populations, examining velocity dispersions, rotation patterns, and potential substructures. Our results reveal a flat or increasing velocity dispersion profile in the outer regions. Additionally, we observe hints of a tangentially anisotropic motion in the outer regions, indicating a preference for stars to escape on radial orbits. Our work demonstrates the capability of synthetic photometry, based on Gaia spectra, to explore multiple populations across the entire cluster field.
On total coloring and equitable total coloring of infinite snark families
Authors: Palma Miguel A.D.R. , Gonçalves Isabel F.A. , Sasaki Diana , Dantas Simone
Published: September 2023

We show that all members of the SemiBlowup, Blowup and the first Loupekine snark families have equitable total chromatic number equal to 4. These results provide evidence of negative answers for the questions proposed: by (A. Cavicchioli, T.E. Murgolo, B. Ruini and F. Spaggiari, Acta Appl. Math. 76 (2003) 56–88.) about the smallest order of a Type 2 snark of girth at least 5; and by (S. Dantas, C.M.H. De Figueiredo, G. Mazzuoccolo, M. Preissmann, V.F. dos Santos and D. Sasaki, Discret. Appl. Math. 209 (2016) 84–91.) about the existence of Type 1 cubic graph with girth at least 5 and equitable total chromatic number 5. Moreover, we show new infinite families of snarks obtained by the Kochol superpositions that are Type 1.
Pricing strategies for end-of-life vehicle regarding reward-penalty mechanism and customers’ environmental awareness
Authors: Sun Hongxia , Li Hui
Published: September 2023

Governments are paying more attention to end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling since it is closely related to the circular economy and sustainability development. Considering the reward-penalty-mechanism (RPM) and customers’ environmental awareness (CEA), this study discusses the optimal recycling price, collection effort level of the ELVs, dismantling level of available parts and RPM intensity in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a take back center (TBC), a dismantling center (DC) and the government. First, two models, Stackelberg and Collusion behaviour models, are constructed by using of game theory and the optimal decisions are obtained. Furthermore, optimal solutions are compared and some propositions are proposed. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to study the effects of some parameters including CEA fluctuation, sale price of the scrapped parts and carbon emission savings. The results show that CEA fluctuation is always positive for collection efforts and recycling quantity. A higher CEA fluctuation alleviates the regulatory pressures and helps the government reduce regulation costs. A higher sale price of the scrapped parts helps the TBC achieve higher recycling scales. Carbon-emission-savings and CEA are key points in deciding the intensity and form of RPM. The optimal decisions are more sensitive to the change of parameters under the Collusion behaviour model. Based on the findings, the government should take measures to enhance the level of CEA and provide enterprises policy support to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of ELV recycling. DCs should invest in dismantling technology and achieve breakthroughs. TBCs should take measures to appeal to more consumers to participate in ELV recycling. It is better for TBCs and DCs to cooperate to achieve an overall win-win situation.
Low-dose prophylaxis protocol for heterotopic ossification after hip preservation surgery in a sport participants cohort
Authors: Olivero Matteo , Capurro Bruno , Reis-Campos Pedro , Aprato Alessandro , Ayeni Olufemi , Chawla Anuj , Larrainzar Garijo Ricardo , Marín-Peña Oliver
Published: September 2023

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known complication of arthroscopic and open surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Incidence of heterotopic ossification has been reported in the literature between 0% and 44% after hip arthroscopy and between 18.2% and 25% after anterior mini-open surgery. Currently, pharmacological prophylaxis with NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors are commonly used and their effectiveness is well documented in literature. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the low-dose prophylaxis protocol with selective cox-2 inhibitors decreases the risk of heterotopic ossification in open or arthroscopic hip preservation surgery in athletes. Methods: This study is an analysis of prospectively gathered data on 98 sport participant patients who underwent arthroscopic or anterior mini-open treatment for FAI between April 2008 and April 2018. All the patients received postoperative oral prophylaxis with 60 mg etoricoxib once daily for two weeks. Post-operative X-rays were performed at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery and reviewed by two orthopedic surgeons blinded to the type and side of surgery. HO were graded according to the Brooker classification. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze demographic data. Bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the association of HO with each of the following variables: type of surgery, physical activity, time of evolution of symptoms, age at surgery, and sex. Finally, a regression model analysis was performed to determine the presence of confounding effects between variables. Results: The study cohort was composed of 54 patients in the arthroscopic treatment group and 44 patients in the anterior mini-open group. HO was identified in 6 (13.6%) patients in the mini-open group. No HO was identified in the arthroscopic group. In the bivariate analysis, “type of surgery” was the only variable that showed a statistically significant association with HO (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that anterior mini-open treatment was characterized by a higher risk of HO development compared to hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement treatment regardless of pharmacological prophylaxis. The treatment regimen of 60 mg etoricoxib daily for two weeks was an effective prophylaxis for HO formation in sport participant patients compared with data available in the literature.
Speech Perception in Ménière Disease
Authors: Fernandes Patricia Craveiro , Takegawa Bruno , Ganança Fernando Freitas , Gil Daniela
Published: September 2023

Introduction Ménière disease (MD) affects the inner ear, comprising the cochlea and semicircular canals. Symptoms include severe incapacitating vertigo, nausea, vomit, aural fullness, and sensorineural hearing loss – in which speech discrimination and intelligibility are impaired and can be quantified with speech audiometry.

Objective To investigate the influence of the stimuli presentation level in speech audiometry and the quality of life in adults with and without a diagnosis of MD.

Method Two groups were formed with nine individuals each – one with and the other without MD. The Speech Recognition Percentage Index was researched with stimuli presented above the self-reported comfort level or 5 dB below the discomfort level. Dizziness Handicap and Tinnitus Handicap Inventories were administered to individuals with tinnitus and vertigo complaints.

Results Speech recognition was better in the study group with higher presentation levels, as 75% of the sample improved their performance. The presence of vertigo significantly impacted the quality of life of individuals in the study group.

Conclusion Speech recognition improves with higher presentation levels. Also, MD impacts the quality of life, especially regarding limitations caused by vertigo.
‘Mind the Gaps’: Exploring Regional and Gender Patterns in Threats to Ethiopian Adolescents’ Bodily Integrity
Authors: Presler-Marshall Elizabeth , Jones Nicola , Baird Sarah , Dutton Rebecca , Yadete Workneh
Published: September 2023

Spurred by international commitments to address age- and gender-based violence, this article uses a capabilities framework to address an important data gap on violence against adolescents in Ethiopia. It draws on mixed-methods data collected in 2019/2020 in three diverse rural regions. This includes surveys completed by 5539 girls and boys as well as 819 qualitative interviews with adolescents, caregivers, community members, and service providers. We find that threats to adolescents’ bodily integrity are shaped by a complex interplay of age, gender, and socio-cultural environment. Girls are less able than boys to enjoy freedom of movement and control over their bodies, and age-related violence is often deeply gendered in ways that are context specific. Differences in service provisioning augment already large gaps between adolescents in different regions. To tackle threats to adolescents’ bodily integrity, awareness-raising efforts need to be twinned with improved access to education, health, social protection, and justice services.
Political Connections, Business Groups and Innovation in Asia
Authors: Commander Simon , Estrin Saul , De Silva Thamashi
Published: September 2023

It is acknowledged that Asia’s remarkable economic achievements of the past 50 years build on institutional arrangements very different from the West, including the central role of business groups (BGs) as an organisational form. As the Asian economies move from extensive to intensive growth, we enquire whether the BG format will be as effective going forward, especially with respect to innovation. We argue that the ubiquity of BGs in Asia has been associated with the accretion of significant market power, as well as high overall concentration in the economy as a whole. Our empirical work draws on a sample of more than 9000 Asian firms across seven countries. We find that, unsurprisingly, given their access to additional resources, BGs are more innovative than non-affiliates. However we also find that the wider consequences of the BG form for innovation may be negative.
Flexible integration of gigahertz nanomechanical resonators with a superconducting microwave resonator using a bonded flip-chip method
Authors: Malik Sultan , Jiang Wentao , Mayor Felix M. , Makihara Takuma , Safavi-Naeini Amir H.
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate strong coupling of gigahertz-frequency nanomechanical resonators to a frequency-tunable superconducting microwave resonator via a galvanically bonded flip-chip method. By tuning the microwave resonator with an external magnetic field, we observe a series of hybridized microwave-mechanical modes and report coupling strengths of ∼15 MHz at cryogenic temperatures. The demonstrated multi-chip approach provides flexible rapid characterization and simplified fabrication and could potentially enable coupling between a variety of quantum systems. Our work represents a step toward a plug-and-play architecture for building more complex hybrid quantum systems.