bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban eviction in Badia, Lagos: A look at evictees wellbeing and environmental burden
Authors: Olatunde Michael , Agbola Babatunde , Popoola Ayobami , Adeleye Bamiji , Medayese Samuel
Published: September 2021

Forced eviction remains a contributory factor to urban poverty, loss of accommodation, and displacement among urban poor. By extension, these forcible displacement experiences result in a downward shift in their standard of living; thus, contributing to urban poverty within the urban space. This study examines forced Eviction in the Badia East community of Lagos State, Nigeria, from a human right angle. The study adopted a mixed-method approach. Primary data was obtained from quantitative (structured questionnaire), geospatial analysis, and qualitative data sources (interview), which was conducted with evictees and the Lagos State Physical Planning and Development Agency (LASPPDA) (evictor). The research outcome revealed that the evictees exhibited a nomadic lifestyle, which has, over the years, developed into resilience. The study identified the need for increased public access, location, and provision of some social amenities such as public toilets, bathrooms, and water points to ease the shock of eviction which indirectly translates into environmental degradation. It was concluded that the current and projected pace of urbanization necessitates new approaches to land governance, especially the regulation of informal settlements and forced evictions.
Vegetarian diet: Perceptions and attitudes of hospitality management
Authors: Šmugović Stefan , Kalenjuk-Pivarski Bojana , Grubor Biljana , Knežević Natalija
Published: September 2021

Vegetarianism is characterized by a great expansion among consumers as well as food producers and suppliers, which significantly affects supply in the hospitality business. Although vegetarians are perceived as a homogenous group, they are a varied and heterogeneous group, depending on the consumed foodstuffs, which requires hospitality workers to offer a wide variety of meals and combinations of plant origin. This is the reason why this research aims to show attitudes of restaurant management towards vegetarian cuisine and to examine the orientation of restaurants towards vegetarian meals, as well as challenges faced by employees in the hospitality industry. The basic task is to examine and present attitudes of hospitality management towards vegetarian food. The aim of the overall research is to get a better insight into awareness and attitudes of hospitality management towards foods of vegetarian origin, which is reflected in the restaurant offer.
Diferencias de edad y género en el uso y consumo de medios sociales entre los adolescentes
Authors: García Jiménez Antonio , Catalina-García Beatriz , Tur-Viñes Victoria
Published: September 2021

Este artículo aborda el comportamiento y actividades que realizan los adolescentes en las redes sociales como parte de su consumo mediático. En la literatura previa sobre el tema se observa la prevalencia de estudios enfocados en los riesgos y vulnerabilidades digitales (consecuencias) en detrimento de las actividades y usos (tipo de consumo) de este grupo de edad. Este estudio complementa lo existente, abordando la finalidad del consumo de los adolescentes en cada red social. Las actividades analizadas están relacionadas con la autopresentación, las relaciones sociales, el entretenimiento, la búsqueda de diferentes tipos de contenidos, y el contacto con las noticias. Con una encuesta aplicada a una muestra representativa (N=515) de adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años, se determina la relación entre las variables de edad y género y el tipo de uso y consumo. Para la mayoría de actividades, el uso de Instagram presenta un crecimiento progresivo con la edad, hasta los 16 años donde cae su uso. YouTube presenta la tendencia inversa. En cuanto al género, se observan diferencias en las actividades de autopresentación y en el seguimiento de las actualizaciones de familia y amigos. En general, la relevancia de la imagen y de los intereses personales queda reflejada.
La difusión del cine colaborativo: Métodos y beneficios multidireccionales de la difusión de los cines de participación
Authors: Cruz García Lázaro
Published: September 2021

Las prácticas de cine colaborativo tienden a dar una importancia casi absoluta al proceso de creación dejando de lado la difusión de la obra. Son diferentes los beneficios que pueden producir los proyectos cinematográficos colaborativos, algunos de los más estudiados han sido el empoderamiento social o las aplicaciones en educación. Pero centrar la investigación en estos podría dejar fuera otros de igual valor, como es la difusión. Partiendo de la idea de cine colaborativo como aquellas prácticas audiovisuales que tienen como objetivo brindar un espacio creativo, así como sus herramientas, a grupos de personas que no habían utilizado el cine o el audiovisual como forma de representación, trabajando desde una perspectiva horizontal del poder. Nos proponemos en este trabajo iniciar una aproximación a los modos de difusión del cine colaborativo así como los beneficios que puede tener. Entre los métodos de difusión de cine colaborativo empleados tradicionalmente y en la actualidad, encontramos el uso de redes sociales, internet, televisión, algunos festivales de cine, o pequeñas proyecciones locales. La difusión de películas de cine colaborativo una vez terminadas puede ser útil para los participantes, que pueden recibir retroalimentación sobre su trabajo, pero además puede influir en otras personas o colectivos en situaciones similares a las de los creadores, sintiéndose identificados o incluso animados a emprender proyectos similares. La investigación teórica del cine colaborativo podría ser un apoyo oportuno para desarrollar técnicas de difusión o para compartir algunas que actualmente están siendo utilizadas por diferentes grupos de cine de participación.
El «milagro» fotográfico. Trampantojos y resurrecciones en la era digital
Authors: Carrera Pilar
Published: September 2021

Artículo de la sección Tribuna.
Enrique Bustamante: un maestro en comunicación
Authors: Mastrini Guillermo
Published: September 2021

Artículo de la sección Tribuna.
Fotoperiodismo, prostitución y ciudadanía sexual: cronotopos hegemónicos y emergentes (2013-2018)
Authors: Saiz Echezarreta Vanesa , Peralta García Lidia
Published: September 2021

Este artículo reflexiona en torno al fotoperiodismo como dispositivo de configuración de subjetividades, abordando el modo en que las representaciones visuales sobre prostitución en medios informativos intervienen en la articulación de la ciudadanía sexual. Se realiza un análisis semiótico de las imágenes sobre prostitución publicadas en España en el periodo 2013-2018, en medios de prensa digitales nacionales, regionales y locales. A partir de un corpus de cerca de 1.000 imágenes se realiza una lectura longitudinal para trazar los patrones visuales hegemónicos, así como identificar modos de representación emergentes que desplazan los imaginarios convencionales activos en la controversia actual sobre este problema social. El dispositivo informativo recurre a las imágenes cronotópicas, condensando el relato y las propuestas ideológicas a través de escenas reiterativas vinculadas, fundamentalmente, a la prostitución de calle, la acción institucional, policial y judicial (declaraciones, redadas, juicios, etc.). Junto a los patrones convencionales, se localizan nuevos sujetos y modos de representación asociados al movimiento de defensa del trabajo sexual, así como cambios en la figura del demandante de prostitución. Las estrategias de hipervisibilidad, despersonalización, criminalización e hipersexualización sostienen diversos modos de mirar: un mirar panóptico -de tipo policial y/o asistencialista- y un mirar pornográfico. Los imaginarios y representaciones fotográficas movilizan y habilitan posiciones de sujeto, activan dinámicas de reconocimiento con las que se negocian fronteras sociales, políticas y sexuales, entre ciudadanos y ciudadanas decentes y disidentes sexuales.
Deus está morto? Considerações sobre fundamentalismo, fechamento identitário e violência na contemporaneidade
Authors: Bogéa Diogo
Published: September 2021

Investigação do significado e dos principais desdobramentos da chamada “morte de Deus” em Nietzsche, a partir de uma leitura atenta dos três aforismos de A Gaia Ciência que abordam mais claramente a questão, a saber: O homem louco, No horizonte infinito e Novas lutas. Caracteriza-se a morte de Deus como morte do absoluto incondicionado da metafísica. Diante deste diagnóstico, discutiremos o perigo de uma retomada nostálgica dos fundamentos absolutos. A partir dessas indicações, tentaremos pensar as diversas manifestações de fundamentalismos, fechamentos identitários e discursos violentos que circulam na contemporaneidade. Em nossas considerações finais, a preocupação não foi apresentar alguma “saída”, mas insistir no aprofundamento da crise, no enfrentamento da angústia de viver num mundo “sem fundamentos” como passo necessário para o surgimento de novas possibilidades existenciais.
Em torno de um pensamento oxunista: Ìyá descolonizando lógicas de conhecimento
Authors: Flor do Nascimento Wanderson
Published: September 2021

Este artigo objetiva discutir possibilidades de descolonização das lógicas de conhecimento a partir da proposta da socióloga e epistemóloga iorubá Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí, buscando posicionar sua abordagem do oxunismo, da instituição Ìyá e do conceito de Matripotência como possibilidades de pensar maneiras para o trabalho com as filosofias africanas que não resultem em uma reprodução de uma lógica ocidentocêntrica no estudo e ensino dessas filosofias. Perseguindo esse objetivo, o trabalho definirá o que entende por lógicas de conhecimento para, em seguida, discutir o modo como a autora iorubá compreende o que significa descolonização. No momento seguinte apresentamos como, a partir da proposta do oxunismo de Oyěwùmí, é possível advogar um pensamento oxunista e pensar as categorias de Ìyá e Matripotência como adquirindo sentido nesse modo de pensar. O texto é um convite para pensarmos possibilidades não excludentes de reflexão para que não apaguemos as lógicas africanas de conhecimento, mesmo quando nos disponibilizamos, ainda que de boa vontade, a pensar as filosofias africanas.
O Racismo e a hegemonia do privilégio epistêmico
Authors: Ocoró Loango Anny
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa a forma como o racismo epistêmico se configura e se reproduz em nossa sociedade e argumenta que isso não pode ser lido fora de uma estrutura que racializa corpos, histórias, conhecimentos, saberes e sujeitos. Ao mesmo tempo, mostra como a matriz epistêmica hegemônica desloca, cala e neutraliza outros sistemas de conhecimento, enquanto sustenta o privilégio epistêmico, cultural, racial e material de determinados grupos, os quais têm muita representatividade nos espaços escolar, acadêmico e institucional. Por fim, mostra a função que o racismo epistêmico desempenha na reprodução de privilégios que distribuem posições na estrutura social e como isso contribui para o esvaziamento ontológico, histórico e subjetivo das populações negras.
Estudos brasileiros de literaturas africanas – implicações neocoloniais e contradições raciais
Authors: Pedrosa Alves Ricardo Luiz
Published: September 2021

O artigo discute aspectos contraditórios dos estudos brasileiros de pós-graduação sobre literaturas africanas. São abordadas as implicações neocoloniais e os paradoxos raciais presentes no conjunto de dissertações e teses brasileiras sobre literaturas africanas. Destacamos o caso dos estudos sobre o escritor moçambicano Mia Couto como característicos de tais contradições.
Sobre a Ontologia Menfita: uma investigação afrocêntrica
Authors: Duarte Valter
Published: September 2021

É de conhecimento geral a opinião comum segundo a qual a cosmogonia egípcia antiga descreve a criação do mundo como partindo de uma realidade caótica sequenciada pelo estabelecimento de uma ordem criadora. O presente trabalho representa a investigação inicial de uma pesquisa em andamento acerca da precisão de tal rota interpretativa. Esse esforço será realizado a partir do método afrocêntrico, sistematizado pelo Dr. Molefi K. Asante.
“Aqui a voz da Argélia...”
Authors: Da Costa Vaz Jeferson , Do Nascimento Sergio Luis
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo foi originalmente publicado no ano de 1959 por Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) durante a Revolução Argelina (1954-1962) no livro que ganha o título de Sociologie d’une Révolution (L’An V de la Révolution Algérienne). No presente texto, Fanon nos oferece uma narrativa sobre o cotidiano da população argelina durante esse contexto, enfatizando a maneira na qual houve a apropriação e ressignificação dos aparelhos de rádio, como contrapartida aos veículos midiáticos da colônia francesa.
Solidariedade ou Competição? Políticas e sistema de atenção à saúde na Alemanha
Authors: Giovanella Lígia
Published: September 2021

Analisa o sistema de proteção social à saúde – na Alemanha, Seguro Social de Doença. O seguro social implica a segmentação da clientela, assim, a solidariedade é resultado de mecanismos políticos de negociação corporativa, quando são capazes de gerar pactos sociais que reduzam a estratificação. O Estado exerce papel fundamental para a garantia do processo de negociação corporativa, para a regulação do mercado e garantia dos direitos dos usuários e no desenvolvimento de políticas para os grupos desprotegidos ou para demandas específicas. Apesar de enfocar a realidade alemã, este livro oferece grande contribuição na reflexão sobre questões de políticas de saúde, consideradas, talvez precocemente, obsoletas pelos reformadores brasileiros.
Amputation versus Primary Nonoperative Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis Involving a Pedal Digit in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Feldman Viktor , Segal David , Atzmon Ran , Ron Itai , Nyska Meir , Ohana Nissim , Palmanovich Ezequiel
Published: September 2021

Background

The preferred primary treatment of toe osteomyelitis in diabetic patients is controversial. We compared the outcome of primary nonoperative antibiotic treatment versus digital amputation in patients with diabetes-related chronic digital osteomyelitis.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients treated for digital osteomyelitis at a single center. Patients were divided into two groups according to initial treatment: 1) nonoperative treatment with intravenous antibiotics and 2) amputation of the involved toe or ray. Duration of hospitalization, number of rehospitalizations, and rate of below- or above-the-knee major amputations were evaluated.

Results

The nonoperative group comprised 39 patients and the operative group included 21 patients. The mean ± SD total duration of hospitalization was 24.05 ± 15.43 and 20.67 ± 15.97 days, respectively (P = .43). The mean ± SD number of rehospitalizations after infection recurrence was 2.62 ± 1.63 and 1.67 ± 1.24, respectively (P = .02). During follow-up, the involved digit was eventually amputated in 13 of the 39 nonoperatively treated patients (33.3%). The rate of major amputation (above- or below-knee amputation was four of 39 (10.3%) and three of 21 (14.3%), respectively (P = .69).

Conclusions

Despite a higher rate of rehospitalizations and a high failure rate, in patients with mild and limited digital foot osteomyelitis in the absence of sepsis it may be reasonable to offer a primary nonoperative treatment for digital osteomyelitis of the foot.
Using Google Trends to Identify Seasonal Variation in Foot and Ankle Pathology
Authors: Olivova Jana , Singh Bibi N. , Casciato Dominick J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Google Trends proves to be a novel tool to ascertain the level of public interest in pathology and treatments. From anticipating nascent epidemics with data-driven prevention campaigns to identifying interest in cosmetic or bariatric surgery, Google Trends provides physicians real-time insight into the latest consumer trends.

Methods

We used Google Trends to identify temporal trends and variation in the search volume index of four groups of keywords that assessed practitioner-nomenclature inquiries, in addition to podiatric-specific searches for pain, traumatic injury, and common podiatric pathology over a 10-year period. The Mann-Kendall trend test was used to determine a trend in the series, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between summer and winter season inquiries. Significance was set at P ≤ .05.

Results

The terms “podiatrist” and “foot doctor” experienced increasing Search Volume Index (SVI) and seasonal variation, whereas the terms “foot surgeon” and “podiatric surgeon” experienced no such increase. “Foot pain,” “heel pain,” “toe pain,” and “ankle pain” experienced a significant increase in SVI, with “foot pain” maintaining the highest SVI at all times. Similar results were seen with the terms “foot fractures,” “bunion,” “ingrown toenail,” and “heel spur.” These terms all experienced statistically significant increasing trends; moreover, the SVI was significantly higher in the summer than in the winter for each of these terms.

Conclusions

The results of this study show the utility in illustrating seasonal variation in Internet interest of pathologies today's podiatrist commonly encounters. By identifying the popularity and seasonal variation of practitioner- and pathology-specific search inquiries, resources can be allocated to effectively address current public inquiries. With this knowledge, providers can learn what podiatric-specific interests are trending in their local communities and market their practice accordingly throughout the year.
Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Wounds When Treated with Serial Debridement in the Presence of Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Route Jack
Published: September 2021

Background

Previous study indicates that pharmacologic antithrombotic therapy may be an inhibitory factor for wound healing and should merit consideration among the other core factors in wound healing optimization.

Methods

This study provides a retrospective analysis of the effect of antithrombotic therapy on wound healing rates of uncomplicated diabetic foot ulcerations. Wounds treated with standard of care in the presence of clinical anticoagulation were compared to control wounds.

Results

The results indicate a statistically significant negative correlation between antithrombotic therapy and diabetic foot wound healing rate. This represents the first study focusing on this correlation in the uncomplicated diabetic foot wound.

Conclusions

This retrospective study demonstrates that antithrombotic therapy has a statistically significant negative effect on healing rates of uncomplicated diabetic foot ulcerations. Both wound area and depth improvement over 4 weeks was significantly better in treated patients who were not on antithrombotic therapy for comorbidity not associated with peripheral arterial disease.
Efficacy of a Single Corticosteroid Injection for Morton's Neuroma in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Edwards Steven R. , Fleming Susannah , Landorf Karl B.
Published: September 2021

Background

Morton's neuroma is a common condition that routinely presents in podiatric practice. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the evidence relating to the effectiveness of a corticosteroid injection for Morton's neuroma.

Methods

Studies with a publication date of 1960 or later were eligible, and searches were performed within the Turning Research Into Practice database; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register; MEDLINE (Ovid); PubMed; Embase; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; and the gray literature. Study selection criteria included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials where a single corticosteroid injection for Morton's neuroma pain was investigated. The primary outcome was Morton's neuroma pain as measured by any standard validated pain scale.

Results

Ten studies involving 695 participants were included. The quality of the studies was considered low and subject to bias. Of the included studies, five compared corticosteroid injection to usual care, one compared corticosteroid injection to local anesthetic alone, one compared ultrasound-guided to non–ultrasound-guided injections, three compared corticosteroid injections to surgery, one compared small to large neuromas, six assessed patient satisfaction, four measured adverse events, one studied return to work, and one examined failure of the corticosteroid injection to improve pain. Overall, these studies identified a moderate short- to medium-term benefit of corticosteroid injections on the primary outcome of pain and a low adverse event rate.

Conclusions

A single corticosteroid injection appears to have a beneficial short- to medium-term effect on Morton's neuroma pain. It appears superior to usual care, but its superiority to local anaesthetic alone is questionable, and it is inferior to surgical excision. A very low adverse event rate was noted throughout the studies, indicating the intervention is safe when used for Morton's neuroma. However, the quality of the evidence is low, and these findings may change with further research.
Dilemmas and Discretion in Complex Organizations: Professionals in Collaboration with Spontaneous Volunteers During Disasters
Authors: Persson Sofia , Uhnoo Sara
Published: September 2021

Discretion is of major interest in research on professions. This article focuses on professionals’ discretionary reasoning about collaboration with spontaneous volunteers. By applying theories on discretion and institutional logics and drawing on disaster management research, we analyse interviews with fire and rescue service professionals involved in managing a large-scale forest fire in Sweden. We identify five major dilemmas concerning the involvement of spontaneous volunteers in the official disaster response and analyse the influence on professional reasoning of multiple institutional logics (professional, citizen, bureaucratic and market) embedded in the emergency organization. The analytical framework connects structure and agency by linking institutional logics to discretional reasoning, and the findings clarify professional emergency responders’ perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of involving spontaneous volunteers in an operation.
Effects of Fermented Maize Residue on the Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties of Cookies
Authors: Friday Owuno , Barine Kiin-Kabari David , Monday Akusu
Published: September 2021

Fermented maize residue, a by-product of the production of fermented starch, a local weaning food and breakfast cereal for adults in Nigeria and West Africa was dried, milled into flour and utilized as a fibre source in cookies production at 0 – 30% levels of substitution.  The effects of the addition of the fermented maize residue on the physical, sensory and nutritional properties on the cookie sample were investigated.  Results showed spread ratio values decreased with residue flour addition, ash content and protein content and carbohydrate also showed a decrease.  The crude fibre content increased with levels of replacement.  The result of sensory evaluation showed equal preference among the samples.  Invitro-protein digestibility showed a decrease with fermented maize residue addition. Addition of fermented maize residue to cookie production can be a viable way of utilizing the fibre rich fermented maize residue
Effects of Chicken Manure and Plantain Peel-Based Fertilization on Kalenda Eggplant (Solanum melongena L) Fruit Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Théodore Alla Kouadio , Marcel Ahon Gnamien , Lezin Bomisso Edson
Published: September 2021

Our study aims at improving the nutritional quality of eggplant fruits through application of organic fertilization. The study was conducted in Bingerville (located in the south of Côte d'Ivoire and west of Abidjan city), from April to August 2019.

The work consisted in assessing, in a randomized complete block design, the effects of five manures on the biochemical parameters of Kalenda eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits. The manures studied were T1: chicken manure, T2: chicken manure + plantain peel compost, T3: chicken manure + plantain peel potash, T4: plantain peel compost, T0: no fertilizer, T5 (positive control): NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4).

The results showed that fiber, protein, lipid, sodium and iron contents were not influenced by the different treatments. However, treatments T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)), T4 (plantain peel compost), T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) and T2 (chicken manure + plantain peel compost) induced the highest carbohydrate and energy content of fruits. With respect to phosphorus and potassium, treatments T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)), T4 (plantain peel compost) and T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) had higher phosphorus values than those of other fertilizers T2 (chicken manure + plantain peel compost), T1 (chicken manure) with an average of 27; 26.58 and 25.491 mg per 100 g FM, respectively. Plants grown on the sites fertilized with chemical treatment T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)) produced the fruits richest in potassium with an average equal to 255.16 mg per 100 g FM, followed by treatment T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) (245.5 mg/100g FM). For magnesium and calcium, treatments T3 (chicken manure + plantain peel potash) and T5 (NPK (10 18 18) + Urea (46% N) + Potassium sulphate (K2SO4)) were characterized by the lowest contents, thus reflecting an antagonism between potassium and these minerals.

From this study, it appears that plantain peel applied as an organic fertilizer on eggplant is a source of potassium, phosphorus, carbohydrates and energy for a good nutritional balance of the body.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Remazol Yellow FG using TiO2 doped Cd, Co, Mn
Authors: Purnawan Candra , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Aniza Oktaviani Nur , Sari Octaria Priwidya
Published: September 2021

TiO2 and TiO2 doped Cd, Co, Mn (TiO2-M) were synthesized with a sol-gel method, and the photocatalytic activity of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Remazol Yellow FG has been conducted. TiO2-M (Cd, Co, Mn) was synthesized with the mol Ti:M ratio of 3:1, and the materials were calcined at 300, 400, and 500 °C. The materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and UV-Vis Reflectance. The XRD result shows that at the temperature of 300 °C TiO2 and TiO2-M formed tend to be amorphous. At 400 °C the anatase phase is formed, while at 500 °C the rutile phase begins to form. And overall, the crystallinity of TiO2 is higher than metal-doped TiO2. The UV-Vis Reflectance result showed that the bandgap energy of all doping materials (TiO2-M) decreased. The larger the metal ion radius of dopant, the larger the crystal size obtained  and then the higher the bandgap obtained. The results of SEM-EDX showed that the morphology of TiO2 was spherical and regular, whereas the morphology of TiO2-M had a smoother surface due to the influence of metal doping. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-M on Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Remazol Yellow FG was greater than TiO2. The optimum pH of the solution was obtained at pH 5 and the optimum catalyst phase was obtained at the anatase phase. The percentages degradation for 30 min of Remazol Brilliant Blue R were 67.34% (TiO2), 92.12% (TiO2-Co), 85.47% (TiO2-Mn), and 83.91% (TiO2-Cd), while for Remazol Yellow FG they were 58.84% (TiO2), 74.61% (TiO2-Co), 67.93% (TiO2-Mn) and 64.19% (TiO2-Cd), respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Evaluation of action in local governments for reducing vacant houses and availability of qualitative system
Authors: Tatsukami Yasuhisa , Yokoyama Shunsuke , Tokuono Tetsu
Published: September 2021

This study explores practical approaches to address future vacant housing problems by investigating various support systems established by local governments in Japan. The investigation aims to clarify the components and application of such countermeasures and identify local governments that have achieved positive results after taking qualitative measures and implementing distinct policies. These countermeasures include renovation and demolition subsidies among other strategies. Budgetary limitations make such systems inflexible and the number of vacant houses under a local government’s purview difficult to determine. While some local governments have secured large budgets and designed policies with wider scopes, others with small budgets have achieved substantial successes by setting up clear visions. Each local government should prioritize key aspects of its regional challenges to design a vacant housing policy that addresses the most urgent goal achievable with a limited budget.
Extended‐state‐observer‐based dynamic surface control of flexible‐joint robot systems with input saturation
Authors: Chen Lian , Wang Qing
Published: September 2021

This article presents an extended‐state‐observer‐based dynamic surface control approach for flexible‐joint robot systems with asymmetric input saturation and large unknown dynamic knowledge. Traditional controllers for flexible‐joint robot systems usually use approximation technology to deal with unknown dynamics knowledge. Unlike the traditional control algorithm, this article utilizes an extended state observer to estimate the unknown dynamics. For the closed‐loop system, the delay strategy handles the time‐scale separation issue, the filtering system overcomes the “explosion of differentiation” caused by the repeated differentiation of auxiliary control signals, and the mean‐value‐theorem solves the input saturation problem of the actuator. The stability analysis implies that estimation errors of extended state observers (ESOs) and other state variables are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with fuzzy control algorithms, the novel ESO‐based dynamic surface control approach not only omits online learning time but also uses only a few control parameters to obtain satisfactory tracking performance. Finally, a comparison simulation experiment is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the gained conclusions.
Shape‐Engineerable Silk Fibroin Papers for Ideal Substrate Alternatives of Plastic Electronics
Authors: Liu Haitao , Wei Wei , Zhang Lei , Xiao Jianliang , Pan Jing , Wu Qin , Ma Shuqi , Dong Hao , Yu Longteng , Yang Wenzhen , Wei Dacheng , Ouyang Hongwei , Liu Yunqi
Published: September 2021

Plastic‐based electronics fill the gaps in conventional rigid silicon‐based devices toward the applications in soft interfaces. However, people in the future should also consider their potential environmental impact if tons of non‐degradable plastics are applied. Silk fibroin is a superior substrate alternative for the development of “green” electronics; whereas, the brittleness of silk films is still a major limitation impeding their practical use. Different from the widely reported polyphasic composite approaches, here a trace‐ion‐assisted plasticization strategy is developed, and shape‐engineerable pure silk fibroin paper (PSFP) is prepared for the first time, which can be engraved and crumpled like a sheet of paper in the dry state. The PSFPs exhibit higher tensile fracture energy (14.4 ± 4 kJ m−2) than any typical plastic‐electronic‐substrates as far as it is known. The intrinsic brittleness of pure silk films is overcome, and the PSFP can be easily engineered to form periodic meshes, electronic prototypes, and kirigami‐based devices, which are beyond the reported regenerated silk films or silk composite films. Moreover, the scrape coating method employed here is simple, highly repeatable, and suitable for scaled production of low‐cost PSFP continuously. Collectively, the PSFP is generalizable to various shapes and devices, represents an ideal substrate alternative to plastic electronics.
Novel Polymorph of GaSe
Authors: Grzonka Justyna , Claro Marcel S. , Molina‐Sánchez Alejandro , Sadewasser Sascha , Ferreira Paulo J.
Published: September 2021

2D GaSe is a semiconductor belonging to the group of post‐transition metal chalcogenides with great potential for advanced optoelectronic applications. The weak interlayer interaction in multilayer 2D materials allows the formation of several polymorphs. Here, the first structural observation of a new GaSe polymorph is reported, characterized by a distinct atomic configuration with a centrosymmetric monolayer (D3d point group). The atomic structure of this new GaSe polymorph is determined by aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Density‐functional theory calculations verify the structural stability of this polymorph. Furthermore, the band structure and Raman intensities are calculated, predicting slight differences to the currently known polymorphs. In addition, the occurrence of layer rotations, interlayer relative orientations, as well as translation shear faults is discussed. The experimental confirmation of the new GaSe polymorph indicates the importance of investigating changes in the crystal structure, which can further impact the properties of this family of compounds.
Finite‐Temperature Dynamics in Cesium Lead Iodide Halide Perovskite
Authors: Wang Xin , Patel Kinnary , Prosandeev Sergey , Zhang Yehui , Zhong Chonggui , Xu Bin , Bellaiche Laurent
Published: September 2021

Lattice dynamics are often regarded as signatures of the underlying crystal structure. Here, a first‐principle‐based effective Hamiltonian method combined with molecular dynamics simulations is used to study dynamical behaviors of CsPbI3 perovskite across temperature and structural phase transitions. A single (short‐range tilting) parameter in this effective Hamiltonian is varied in order to make the temperature range of the intermediate tetragonal P4/mbm phase, existing in‐between the cubic Pmm and orthorhombic Pnma phases, either broader than observed or completely disappearing. Comparing the dynamics of these different cases allows one to conclude that real CsPbI3 perovskite should have i) two iodine‐octahedral‐tilt related modes that differ in frequency but both significantly soften as the temperature decreases within the cubic phase toward the Pmm‐to‐P4/mbm transition; and ii) one mode that maintains a very low frequency (of the order of 1.0 cm−1) in the entire region of P4/mbm stability, as a result of the temporal exploration of various structural states. Such latter sub‐THz mode mixes fluctuations of antiphase iodine tiltings and Cs antipolar motions because of a trilinear energetic coupling.
Computational Studies on Carbon Dots Electrocatalysis: A Review
Authors: Yu Jingkun , Song Haoqiang , Li Xue , Tang Ling , Tang Zhiyong , Yang Bai , Lu Siyu
Published: September 2021

Electrocatalytic reactions possess wide application prospects in solving the energy crisis. Recently, the emerging 0D carbon dots (CDs) have become potential candidate materials due to their low cost, high conductivity, easy modification, and simple synthesis. CDs‐based composite materials showcase attractive electrocatalytic performances because of the abundant active sites and charge distribution on the material surface. Considering the complicated structure of CDs, it's important to identify the specific catalytic activity source and understand catalytic mechanisms with the aid of theoretical method. In this review, the latest advancements are presented on improving the electrocatalytic activity and stability of CDs‐based composite materials from theoretical perspective. Meanwhile, the opportunity and challenges about developing high‐performance CDs catalysts are also highlighted.
Shedding Light on the Role of Chemical Bond in Catalysis of Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Cheng Ming , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: September 2021

Ammonia (NH3) and nitrates are essential for human society because of their widespread utilization for producing medicines, fibers, fertilizers, etc. In recent years, the development on nitrogen fixation under mild reaction conditions has attracted much attention. However, the very low conversion efficiency and ambiguous catalytic mechanism remain the major hurdles for the research of nitrogen fixation. This review aims to clarify the role of chemical bond in catalytic nitrogen fixation by summarizing and analyzing the recent development of nitrogen fixation research. In detail, the atomic‐scale mechanism of nitrogen fixation reaction, the various methods to improve the nitrogen fixation performance, and the computational investigation of nitrogen fixation are discussed, all from a chemical bond perspective. It is hoped that this review could trigger more profound pondering and deeper exploration in the field of catalytic nitrogen fixation.
Entropy Landscaping of High‐Entropy Carbides
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Delower , Borman Trent , Oses Corey , Esters Marco , Toher Cormac , Feng Lun , Kumar Abinash , Fahrenholtz William G. , Curtarolo Stefano , Brenner Donald , LeBeau James M. , Maria Jon‐Paul
Published: September 2021

The entropy landscape of high‐entropy carbides can be used to understand and predict their structure, properties, and stability. Using first principles calculations, the individual and temperature‐dependent contributions of vibrational, electronic, and configurational entropies are analyzed, and compare them qualitatively to the enthalpies of mixing. As an experimental complement, high‐entropy carbide thin films are synthesized with high power impulse magnetron sputtering to assess structure and properties. All compositions can be stabilized in the single‐phase state despite finite positive, and in some cases substantial, enthalpies of mixing. Density functional theory calculations reveal that configurational entropy dominates the free energy landscape and compensates for the enthalpic penalty, whereas the vibrational and electronic entropies offer negligible contributions. The calculations predict that in many compositions, the single‐phase state becomes stable at extremely high temperatures (>3000 K). Consequently, rapid quenching rates are needed to preserve solubility at room temperature and facilitate physical characterization. Physical vapor deposition provides this experimental validation opportunity. The computation/experimental data set generated in this work identifies “valence electron concentration” as an effective descriptor to predict structural and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent carbides and educate new formulation selections.
Wearable Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring: Potential Applications for Early Diagnosis of Covid‐19
Authors: Mirjalali Sheyda , Peng Shuhua , Fang Zhijian , Wang Chun‐Hui , Wu Shuying
Published: September 2021

Wearable sensors are emerging as a new technology to detect physiological and biochemical markers for remote health monitoring. By measuring vital signs such as respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood oxygen level, wearable sensors offer tremendous potential for the noninvasive and early diagnosis of numerous diseases such as Covid‐19. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made to develop wearable sensors with high sensitivity, accuracy, flexibility, and stretchability, bringing to reality a new paradigm of remote health monitoring. In this review paper, the latest advances in wearable sensor systems that can measure vital signs at an accuracy level matching those of point‐of‐care tests are presented. In particular, the focus of this review is placed on wearable sensors for measuring respiratory behavior, body temperature, and blood oxygen level, which are identified as the critical signals for diagnosing and monitoring Covid‐19. Various designs based on different materials and working mechanisms are summarized. This review is concluded by identifying the remaining challenges and future opportunities for this emerging field.
Gate Tunable Coupling of Epsilon‐Near‐Zero and Plasmonic Modes
Authors: Ghindani Dipa , Rashed Alireza R. , Habib Mohsin , Caglayan Humeyra
Published: September 2021

In this work, an active tuning of the coupling strength in a strongly coupled system comprised of a thin epsilon‐near‐zero material and gold nanorods as plasmonic resonators is demonstrated. A novel gating scheme is developed where an ionic liquid is employed to bias the coupled system and tune the coupling in transmission mode. A significant tuning of the coupled resonance up to 30 nm is observed by changing the bias voltages from 0 to 4.5 V. This control mechanism on strong coupling opens exciting opportunities for various disruptive applications by offering advanced control and tunability on strongly coupled systems.
Angular‐Multiplexing Metasurface: Building Up Independent‐Encoded Amplitude/Phase Dictionary for Angular Illumination
Authors: Wan Shuai , Wan Chengwei , Dai Chenjie , Li Zhe , Tang Jiao , Zheng Guoxing , Li Zhongyang
Published: September 2021

As metasurfaces have shown great potential for light manipulation, the majority of optical source parameters have been extensively explored and progressively realized for new degrees of freedom in optical control and multiplexing, including wavelength, polarization, and forward/backward illumination, etc. However, the incident wave vector (k) direction, namely the illumination angle, as one of the critical parameters, has not been fully explored for optical multiplexing due to the lack of angular‐encoding freedom. Here, a general strategy is proposed to realize angular‐multiplexing metasurface based on building up an independent‐encoded amplitude/phase dictionary, in which one can retrieve any arbitrary combination of optical response with different angular illuminations. A series of angular‐multiplexing designs are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, including angular‐multiplexed meta‐holographs, nanoprintings as well as a hybridized nanoprinting with holography. These studies’ numerical calculations and experiments confirm the new degree of freedom for arbitrary encoded amplitude and phase at different illumination angles. The findings establish a new platform for achieving a complexity of functions for angular resolved illumination, and expanding the manipulative capabilities for optical multiplexing.
Microbubble generation driven by the oscillation in a self‐excited fluidic oscillator
Authors: Liu Gang , Bie Haiyan , Hao Zongrui , Wang Yue , Ren Wanlong , Hua Zhili
Published: September 2021

The oscillation‐driven microbubble generation in a self‐excited fluidic oscillator is explored in this work. By investigating the behaviors of bubbles, it is noted that for relatively low liquid flow rate, bubbles move upward directly and breakup does not occur inside the chamber region. Interestingly, the existence of bubbles could destroy the structure of flow field and even affect the oscillation. Nevertheless, for relatively high liquid flow rate, the bubbles would not be able to change the flow field structure of liquid phase effectually. Meanwhile, binary, shear‐off‐induced and a kind of dynamic erosive breakup of the bubbles could occur for the effects of oscillations of liquid main jet. Abundant microbubbles could be produced mainly by the dynamic erosive breakup. The oscillation is only induced by the Coanda effect without any moving parts. Nevertheless, it is able to supply a robust oscillating turbulent field to enhance the breakup of bubbles dramatically.
Expanding the phenotype: Four new cases and hope for treatment in Bachmann‐Bupp syndrome
Authors: VanSickle Elizabeth A. , Michael Julianne , Bachmann André S. , Rajasekaran Surender , Prokop Jeremy W. , Kuzniecky Ruben , Hofstede Floris C. , Steindl Katharina , Rauch Anita , Lipson Mark H. , Bupp Caleb P.
Published: September 2021

Bachmann‐Bupp syndrome (BABS) is a rare syndrome caused by gain‐of‐function variants in the C‐terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC coded by the ODC1 gene). BABS is characterized by developmental delay, macrocephaly, macrosomia, and an unusual pattern of non‐congenital alopecia. Recent diagnosis of four more BABS patients provides further characterization of the phenotype of this syndrome including late‐onset seizures in the oldest reported patient at 23 years of age, representing the first report for this phenotype in BABS. Neuroimaging abnormalities continue to be an inconsistent feature of the syndrome. This may be related to the yet unknown impact of ODC/polyamine dysregulation on the developing brain in this syndrome. Variants continue to cluster, providing support to a universal biochemical mechanism related to elevated ODC protein, enzyme activity, and abnormalities in polyamine levels. Recommendations for medical management can now be suggested as well as the potential for targeted molecular or metabolic testing when encountering this unique phenotype. The natural history of this syndrome will evolve with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) therapy and raise new questions for further study and understanding.
PIEZO1‐gene gain‐of‐function mutations with lower limb lymphedema onset in an adult: Clinical, scintigraphic, and noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphography findings
Authors: Vignes Stéphane , Kaltenbach Sophie , Garçon Loïc , Arrivé Lionel , Asnafi Vahid , Guitton Corinne , Bouligand Jérôme , Delarue Audrey , Picard Véronique
Published: September 2021

Primary lymphedema, a rare disease, has a genetic cause in ~40% of patients. Recently, loss‐of‐function mutations in PIEZO1, which encodes the mechanotransducer protein PIEZO1, were described as causing primary lymphedema, when gain‐of‐function PIEZO1 mutations were attributed to dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis type‐1 (DHS), a dominant red cell hemolytic disorder, with ~20% of patients having perinatal edema. Lymphedema was diagnosed in a 36‐year‐old man from a three‐generation DHS family, with a PIEZO1‐allele harboring 3 missense mutations in cis. Four affected family members had severe fetal and neonatal edema, most severe in the proband, whose generalized edema with prevailing ascites resolved after 8 months. Our patient's intermittent lower limb‐lymphedema episodes during hot periods appeared at puberty; they became persistent and bilateral at age 32. Clinical Stemmer's sign confirmed lymphedema. Lower leg lymphoscintigraphy showed substantial dermal backflow in both calves, predominantly on the right. Noncontrast magnetic resonance lymphography showed bilateral lower limb lymphedema, dilated dysplastic lymphatic iliac, and inguinal trunks. Exome‐sequencing analysis identified no additional pathogenic variation in primary lymphedema‐associated genes. This is the first description of well‐documented lymphedema in an adult with PIEZO1–DHS. The pathophysiology of PIEZO1‐associated primary lymphedema is poorly understood. Whether it infers overlapping phenotypes or different mechanisms of gain‐ and loss‐of‐function PIEZO1 mutations deserves further investigation.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Annulations of 2‐Amino Carbonyls for Diverse 1‐Azaxanthones, Quinolines, and Naphthyridines
Authors: Cai Hongyun , Datta Khanal Hari , Rok Lee Yong
Published: September 2021

An efficient and facile iodine‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐amino carbonyls with β‐enamino esters or β‐enaminones affords 1‐azaxanthones, quinolines, and naphthyridines in good to excellent yields. This novel catalytic [4+2] annulation reaction proceeds through a cascade I2‐activation, Michael addition, intramolecular aldol reaction, and aromatization.