bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Against Moral Individualism
Authors: Bell Elizabeth Jane ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: November 2023

A central tenet of moral individualism is that only an entity’s intrinsic (non-relational) properties can ground moral status because only intrinsic properties give rise to agent-neutral reasons. However, I show that the two main approaches to making the agent-neutral/agent-relative distinction fail to exclude morally salient relational (extrinsic) properties from giving rise to agent-neutral reasons. As such, moral individualism accounts of moral status are false. Further, arguments that depend on moral individualism’s central tenet—like the argument from “marginal” cases—are unable to defend their thesis by merely claiming that special relations cannot ground moral status.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Integrasi TPACK dan Pendekatan Saintifik melalui Project Based Learning pada Teks Tanggapan untuk Siswa Kelas 9 SMP
Authors: Handayani Sulikah Tri , Saputra Bachtiar Adi
Published: November 2023

Learning Indonesian requires a holistic approach to facilitate students' in-depth understanding of the language, culture and communication skills. This article explains efforts to optimize Indonesian language learning for grade 9 junior high school students through the integration of technological content pedagogical knowledge (TPACK) and scientific approaches. Implementation is carried out through a project-based learning (PBL) model on response texts, with the aim of improving the quality of learning and students' literacy skills. This research adopts an experimental research design by integrating two main approaches, namely technological content pedagogical knowledge (TPACK) and a scientific approach, through a project-based learning (PBL) model. This experimental design was chosen to allow evaluation of the impact of combining the two approaches on students' literacy understanding and skills. The results of learning evaluation using the Project Based Learning (PBL) method show very satisfactory achievements. Of the 31 students involved in the research, 26 of them managed to achieve or even exceed the Minimum Completeness (KKM) with a class average score of 95. This indicates that the implementation of PBL has succeeded in having a positive impact on students' understanding of Indonesian language material at this level. 9th grade of junior high school. Based on this, it can be concluded that students who scored above the KKM have exceeded the percentage of 85%, namely 26 students. The successful implementation of TPACK and the scientific approach through PBL in Indonesian language learning depends on the support of all parties, careful planning, appropriate selection, and supporting strategies such as ice breaking.
Recent Advances in Genitourinary Tumors: Updates From the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Blue Book Series
Authors: Riddle Nicole , Parkash Vinita , Guo Charles C. , Shen Steven S. , Perincheri Sudhir , Ramirez Angela Sanguino , Auerbach Aaron , Belchis Deborah , Humphrey Peter A.
Published: November 2023

Context.—

Urinary and Male Genital Tumours is the 8th volume of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours series, 5th edition. Released in hard copy in September 2022, it presents an update to the classification of male genital and urinary tumors in the molecular age. Building upon previous volumes in this series, significant effort has been made to harmonize terminology across organ systems for biologically similar tumors (eg, neuroendocrine tumors). Genomic terminology has been standardized and genetic syndromes covered more comprehensively. This review presents a concise summary of this volume, highlighting new entities, notable modifications relative to the 4th edition, and elements of relevance to routine clinical practice.

Objective.—

To provide a comprehensive update on the World Health Organization classification of urinary and male genital tumors, highlighting updated diagnostic criteria and terminology.

Data Sources.—

The 4th and 5th editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Urinary and Male Genital Tumours.

Conclusions.—

The World Health Organization has made several changes in the 5th edition of the update on urinary and male genital tumors that pathologists need to be aware of for up-to-date clinical practice.
Evaluation of the Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Ibuprofen Compared to Indomethacin
Authors: Jackson Cory D. , Capino Amanda C. , Stuart Lindsay H. , Wagner Jamie L.
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Limited data exist comparing indomethacin and ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of indomethacin and ibuprofen for treatment of PDA closure.

METHODS

This single-center, pre-test/post-test quasi-experiment included preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit who received indomethacin (July 1, 2013–September 30, 2015) or ibuprofen (December 1, 2015–July 31, 2019) for PDA. Patients were excluded if they were thrombocytopenic, had existing kidney injury, unresolved intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at treatment initiation. Data were obtained from the electronic health record. Study outcomes were complete PDA closure, degree of PDA closure, resolution of symptoms, and new-onset acute kidney injury (AKI), IVH, or NEC.

RESULTS

A total of 114 patients were included: 44 (39%) received indomethacin and 70 (61%) received ­ibuprofen. Twenty-one (21%) patients experienced successful PDA closure within 1 week: 13 (32%) indomethacin patients and 8 (13%) ibuprofen patients (p = 0.023). PDA size reduction occurred in 43 (46%) patients with 29 (25%) experiencing complete symptom resolution. Significantly more indomethacin patients compared with ibuprofen patients experienced new-onset AKI (48% vs 17%; p < 0.001) and received concomitant nephrotoxins (68% vs 39%; p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in new-onset IVH or NEC.

CONCLUSIONS

Indomethacin administration successfully closed the PDA in more neonates than ibuprofen but resulted in higher rates of AKI. However, this was confounded by more frequent administration of concomitant nephrotoxins. Larger trials are needed to help elucidate the optimal drug for closure of the PDA in neonates.
Medication Desensitization: Single Intravenous Bag Method, in 3 Pediatric Patients
Authors: Wallace Jordan , Garner Lauren , Echols Carmen , Phillips Kynlon , Kaplan, Jenna Bognaski
Published: November 2023

Chemotherapies and biologic agents are known to cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). It is imperative that pediatric patients receive these agents to treat their cancer or other rare condition, as oftentimes there are no available therapeutic alternatives. Successful medication desensitization has been described previously with a 12-step method using 3 intravenous (IV) infusion bags of varying concentrations. However, this 12-step process is time and resource intensive and increases the risk for medication errors. A recent study successfully used a simplified 12-step method with a single IV infusion bag for a paclitaxel desensitization. From the results of this study, our institution used this single IV infusion bag method for desensitization with 3 different medications. Two of these experiences were successful. We share those 3 experiences in this report.
A Late Miocene occurrence of the extinct salamander Batrachosauroides (Caudata, Batrachosauroididae) and other new caudate fossils from Florida and Georgia, USA
Authors: Bourque Jason R. , Stanley Edward L. , Hulbert Richard C.
Published: November 2023

Two partial vertebrae of the rare, large-bodied, aquatic salamander Batrachosauroides are reported from the Upper Miocene Love Bone Bed (late Clarendonian, ~10–9 Ma) Alachua County, Florida. They represent the latest occurrence of Batrachosauroides by 2.8–5.8 million years from previous records and are the latest account of the family Batrachosauroididae in the eastern United States, being either younger than or approximately coeval with fossils of Peratosauroides problematica from the Clarendonian San Pablo Formation of central California. While most Neogene Batrachosauroides in North America are from the warm interval spanning the Late Oligocene Warming (LOW) to the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO), this is the first unequivocal account well after the conclusion of the MMCO suggesting Florida was a post-MMCO refugium during global cooling in the Late Miocene. Batrachosauroides vertebrae from the late Hemingfordian Suwannee Springs site (Florida) and the late Barstovian Gragg Mine (southwestern Georgia) are also described. Two other caudate taxa are present at the Love Bone Bed, Ambystoma and a mid-sized Siren that is the most common amphibian in the Love Bone Bed Local Fauna. The presence and rarity of Ambystoma further corroborates the existence of peripheral or seasonal lentic aquatic habitats adjacent to the main lotic body of the Love Bone Bed deposit. Other salamanders from the paleocoastal Gragg Mine Local Fauna include Notophthalmus and Amphiuma n. sp., aff. Amphiuma pholeter. The latter represents the oldest record of the A. pholeter lineage and documents its presence in the Gulf Coastal Plain since the Middle Miocene. The Gragg Mine represents a unique interval in the southeast at the conclusion of the MMCO.
Government Interventions and Household Poverty in Uganda:A Comprehensive Review and Critical Analysis
Authors:   Department of Development, Peace and Conflict Studies, Kampala International University, Uganda, Kahara Muhwezi Amosi , Charles Edaku ,   Department of Development, Peace and Conflict Studies, Kampala International University, Uganda, Bagonza Asaba Richard ,   School of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University, Uganda., Lubaale Grace ,   Department of Development, Peace and Conflict Studies, Kampala International University, Uganda, Esther Eze Chidinma ,   Department of Educational Foundation, Kampala International University, Uganda., Joel Mutebi ,   Department of Computing, Kampala International University, Uganda, Eze Val Hyginus Udoka ,   5Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted impact of government interventions on household poverty in Uganda, a nation grappling with socio-economic challenges. Through an in-depth analysis of diverse policies and programs implemented by the Ugandan government, this study examines their efficacy in alleviating poverty and enhancing the overall well-being of households. Drawing upon a wide array of scholarly articles, policy documents, and empirical studies, the research assesses the effectiveness of interventions such as social welfare programs, economic programs, pro-poor programs and educational reforms. The review delves into the intricate interplay between these government interventions and household poverty dynamics, considering factors like income disparity, access to education, healthcare services, and employment opportunities. By synthesizing existing literature, this study elucidates the successes and shortcomings of various strategies, shedding light on the key determinants of their effectiveness. Additionally, it analyzes the role of governance, accountability mechanisms, and resource allocation in shaping the outcomes of poverty-alleviation initiatives. Hence, this review critically examines the challenges faced by marginalized households in accessing and benefiting from government interventions, highlighting areas that require targeted policy reforms and targeted interventions. By identifying gaps in existing research and policy frameworks, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and development practitioners, aiming to inform evidence-based decision-making processes. Ultimately, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on poverty reduction strategies in Uganda and offers recommendations for enhancing the impact of government interventions on vulnerable households, thereby fostering sustainable socio-economic development in the region. Keywords: Government intervention, household poverty, empowerment, entrepreneurship, Uganda
Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Students at Kampala International University in Ishaka, Bushenyi District, Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Surgery Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Andrew Wakameli
Published: November 2023

Antibiotics are drugs used to manage bacterial infections, but their abuse and irrational use have led to the development of resistant bacteria. Misuse of antibiotics, poor prescription behavior by physicians, and patients' wrong habits and lack of knowledge contribute to the spread of resistant strains. A study was conducted to evaluate the current knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding antibiotic use among students at Kampala International University in Uganda. The data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The majority of respondents believed that antibiotics were used to decrease fever, overcome pain, overcome malaise and fatigue, treat common colds, and treat infections. Most respondents agreed that starting antibiotics at home was acceptable, while others suggested starting them on doctors' prescription, pharmacists' advice, or buying from drug shops. During the drug use period, most respondents believed that antibiotics should be taken until the drug is finished, while others believed they should be taken until symptoms disappear. All respondents agreed that antibiotics should be taken as per health worker's advice. The study reveals a high rate of irrational antibiotic use among students, primarily due to misconceptions about when, what, who, and for how long to take antibiotics. This highlights the need for better prescription and regulation of antibiotic use and the need for more accurate information on antibiotic use and prescription practices. Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacterial infections, Self-medication, Self-prescription, Drugs.
David Schraven: „Die Beamten wollen die Kontrolle über ihre Dokumente um jeden Preis.”
Authors: Sobiraj Lars
Published: November 2023

Das Verteidigungsministerium möchte von der WAZ veröffentlichte Regierungsdokumente aus dem Netz löschen. David Schraven, Ressortleiter Recherche bei der WAZ-Gruppe, sagt im iRights.info-Interview: Die Bürger haben ein Recht auf Einsicht in Regierungsdokumente. Die Weiterentwicklung des Journalismus mithilfe von Originaldokumenten werde behindert.
Digitale Gesellschaft fordert „Recht auf Remix”
Authors: Weitzmann John Hendrik
Published: November 2023

Unter dem Titel „Recht auf Remix” steht seit heute eine neue Kampagnenwebsite des Vereins Digitale Gesellschaft im Netz. Sie zielt auf Veränderungen des Urheberrechts, durch die sogenannte „transformative Nutzungen” geschützter Werke aus der Illegalität geholt werden sollen. Gemeint sind Remixes von Musikaufnahmen, Videos oder anderen Inhalten.
Recht auf Weiterverkauf: VZBV verklagt Spieleanbieter
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Der Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband geht gerichtlich gegen Valve vor, den Betreiber der Spieleplattform Steam. Valve verwehre es den Kunden mit einer „Account-Bindung“, Spiele weiterzuverkaufen. Es ist eine schwierige Rechtsfrage, die der Trend zu online-basierten Spielen aufwirft. Darf der Kunde ein Spiel auch dann weiterverkaufen, wenn er es als Download bezieht und nur in Kombination mit einem Online-Account nutzen kann?
Kritik am Leistungsschutzrecht, Abmahnforum, IT-Sicherheitsgesetz
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Das Presse-Leistungsschutzrecht steht weiter in der Kritik, die Plattform netzwelt.de schließt Nutzerforen zu Filesharing und Abmahnungen, Datenschützer Peter Schaar kritisiert das geplante IT-Sicherheitsgesetz. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Platzvergabe beim NSU-Prozess, Vergütung bei Verfassungsschutz-Auskünften.
Transparenz auf Chinesisch
Authors: Hart Thomas
Published: November 2023

China hat ein eigenes Informationsfreiheitsgesetz, das es Bürgern, Medien oder NGOs erlaubt, an Daten, die der Staat sammelt, zu kommen. Trotz Schwächen nutzen diverse Akteure das Gesetz um gegen Korruption, Umweltverschmutzung oder intransparente politische Entscheidungen vorzugehen. Ein Gastbeitrag von Thomas Hart.
Digitales Lernen: „Recherchieren ist nicht gleich googeln”
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Von der reinen Material-Ablage über Online-Tests bis zum Forum: Nicht alle Uni-Dozenten nutzen die Möglichkeiten, die ihnen Lernmanagement-Systeme bieten. Die E-Learning-Expertin Anne Thillosen erläutert im Interview Probleme, Chancen und Trends der digitalen Wissensvermittlung. Anne Thillosen  Anne Thillosen ist Co-Leiterin des Projekts “e-teaching.org” am Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien. 
MPAA-Chef: Urheberrechtsausnahmen für Blinde drohen den Weltmarkt zu unterminieren
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Im Juni soll bei der Welturheberrechtsorganisation WIPO ein Vertrag geschlossen werden, der Ausnahmeregelungen zugunsten von Blinden vorsieht. Die Vorverhandlungen dazu ziehen sich bereits über Jahre.
US-Gericht urteilt gegen Redigi, gewerbliches Ausmaß, Cloud-Überwachung
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Ein US-Gericht urteilt gegen den Weiterverkauf von Musikdateien auf der Plattform Redigi, der Bundesgerichtshof bestätigt seine Rechtsprechung zum „gewerblichen Ausmaß” bei Filesharing, ein Forschungszentrum von Bundesbehörden untersucht die Überwachung von Cloud-Daten. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: „Mein Kampf” und die Schutzfrist, Französischer Geheimdienst vs. Wikipedia, Merkel-Hangout und Telefonverträge.
Redigi: Download-Trödelmarkt will in Europa starten
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Der Download-Marktplatz Redigi will bis Ende März in Europa starten. Das berichtet die Financial Times. Der 2011 in den USA gestartete Dienst bietet eine Plattform an, auf der Nutzer digital gekaufte Musik weiterverkaufen können. Mit der Musikindustrie liegt er im Streit.
Was verdient der Bund mit Nutzungsrechten?
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Amtliche Werke sind gemeinfrei, in Deutschland aber nur unter sehr engen Voraussetzungen, die in Paragraf 5 im Urheberrechtsgesetz aufgezählt werden. Alle anderen von staatlichen Stellen produzierten Inhalte gelten deshalb als urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die Bundesregierung hat jetzt auf eine Anfrage (PDF) der Linken geantwortet, wieviel der Bund mit seinen Werken eigentlich verdient, wie Heise Online berichtet.
Regierung plant Designgesetz, Paypal-Klauseln, kino.to-Uploader
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Die Bundesregierung will das Geschmacksmusterrecht reformieren, Verbraucherschützer klagen gegen Paypal, Polizei und Staatsanwaltschaft gehen gegen einen mutmaßlichen Uploader von kino.to vor. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Die Telekom antwortet dem Kartellamt zur Drosselung, die BGH-Entscheidung zu Autocomplete ist veröffentlicht.
Statements zur Netzpolitik 2012
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Welches war die wichtigste netzpolitische Entscheidung des vergangenen Jahres? Welche Entwicklungen bereiten Sorgen? Wir haben Politiker aller im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien um zwei kurze Antworten gebeten.  Die folgenden Interviews stammen aus „Das Netz 2012“, dem Jahresrückblick Netzpolitik von iRights. Das ganze Heft können Sie als E-Book oder Print kaufen. 
AGB- und Datenschutz-Änderungen verfolgen mit dem „Docracy TOS Tracker”
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Änderungen in den Nutzungs- und Datenschutzbestimmungen von Webdiensten sorgen immer wieder Aufregung – zumindest bei den großen Diensten wie Facebook & Co., aber auch dort nur in manchen Fällen. Wer eine menschenlesbare Version der Regeln für all die Dienste sucht, die man im Web so nutzt, findet bereits mit der Website „Terms of Service, Didn’t Read” einen guten Überblick.
Bundestag beschließt Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlage
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Der Bundestag hat das neue Leistungsschutzrecht für Verlage verabschiedet. Es handelt sich um eine entschärfte Version. „Kleinste Textausschnitte“ sollen vom neuen Schutz ausgenommen sein. Ein Überblick zu den Reaktionen. Der Bundestag hat die Einführung eines Leistungsschutzrechtes für Presseverlage (LSR) am Freitag mit den Stimmen der Regierungskoalition auf den Weg gebracht.
Information Mining: Aus dem Steinbruch der Wissenschaft
Authors: Herb Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Große Massen an Forschungsdaten werden mit Techniken des „Information Mining” maschinell ausgewertet, um neue statistische Muster zu entdecken. Das wirft technische und rechtliche Fragen und Probleme auf: In PDF-Dateien lässt sich schlecht nach Daten schürfen. Soll Information Mining in der Wissenschaft allgemein erlaubt oder lizenzrechtlich geregelt werden?
Cloud-Dienst „Evernote“ meldet Hacker-Angriff
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Unbekannte haben sich  Zugriff auf Benutzerinformationen wie E-Mail Adressen der „Evernote”-Kunden verschafft. Die Angriffe auf Internet-Dienste häufen sich. Über eine gesetzliche Meldepflicht wird noch debattiert. Der Cloud-Anbieter Evernote hat „verdächtige Aktivitäten” festgestellt und geblockt. Diese glichen einem „koordinierten Versuch”, sich Zugriff auf den gesicherten Bereich des Dienstes zu verschaffen.
Warum das Juris-Monopol wackelt
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Das Bundesverfassungsgericht darf Entscheidungen nicht allein an Juris weitergeben, so die Entscheidung (PDF) des, wiederum, Verwaltungsgerichtshofs Baden-Württemberg im Streit mit Lexxpress. Martin W. Huff hat das Urteil in der Legal Tribune analysiert: Mehr zu den Hintergründen des Streits auch im Interview mit Thomas Fuchs. The post Warum das Juris-Monopol wackelt appeared first on iRights.info.
Danke für Ihre Anmeldung!
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: November 2023

Vielen Dank für Ihr Interesse am iRights.info-Newsletter! Schauen Sie in Ihre Mailbox. Um die Anmeldung abzuschließen, müssen Sie die Bestätigungsmail beantworten oder dem darin enthaltenen Weblink folgen. Die genauen Anweisungen entnehmen Sie der E-Mail. Wir verwenden Ihre E-Mail-Adresse nur dazu, Sie über die Aktivitäten von iRights.info auf dem Laufenden zu halten. Wir geben sie auf keinen Fall an Dritte weiter.
Wie die Obama-Regierung den „Blindenvertrag“ vergiftet
Authors: Fruchterman Jim
Published: November 2023

Im Juni wollen zahlreiche Regierungen die letzten Details des so genannten „Blindenvertrags” aushandeln. Das erklärte Ziel ist, dass Blinde weltweit einen besseren Zugang zu urheberrechtlich geschützten Büchern bekommen. Jim Fruchterman, Gründer der größten Online-Bibliothek für Menschen mit Sehbehinderungen, ist der Ansicht, dass US-Regierung und Filmindustrie die Übereinkunft derzeit in einen Vertrag  gegen  die Blinden verwandeln.
Neue Schritte für Open Access: EFI-Gutachten und Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht
Authors: Pampel Heinz
Published: November 2023

Die EFI-Kommission fordert von der Bundesregierung mehr Open Access. Ein Gesetzentwurf des Justizministeriums sieht nun auch ein Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht vor, bleibt allerdings hinter den Empfehlungen der Wissenschaft zurück.
WAZ: Verteidigungsministerium will Afghanistan-Papiere aus dem Netz nehmen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Das WAZ-Portal Der Westen hat Einsatzberichte und andere Materialien der Bundeswehr zum Afghanistan-Krieg veröffentlicht. Dagegen geht nun offenbar das Verteidigungsministerium vor, wie David Schraven im WAZ-Rechercheblog schreibt. Die Veröffentlichung der Bundeswehr-Dokumente verletze – Urheberrechte. Zufälligerweise tragen die Papiere auch den Stempel „Verschlusssache – Nur für den Dienstgebrauch“, der niedrigsten Geheimhaltungsstufe.
Warten auf das Cloud-Gaming
Authors: Wragge Alexander
Published: November 2023

Das Medienmagazin Breitband erklärt den Trend Cloud-Gaming in einem neuen Podcast. Auf der US-Fachmesse CES (Consumer Electronics Show) stellten Unternehmen neue Streaming-Hardware vor. Breitband, das Magazin zu Medien und digitaler Kultur bei Deutschlandradio Kultur, widmet dem „Zocken in der Wolke“ eine eigene Spezialsendung. Breitband-Experte Marcus Richter beschreibt Cloud-Gaming als eine Art Kabelfernsehen.
Wochenrückblick: TV-Streams, Porno-Verbot, Microsoft-Kartellstrafe
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der Europäische Gerichtshof entscheidet: Fersehsender können Livestreams verbieten, ein EU-Bericht erwägt ein Pornoverbot, Microsoft muss 561 Millionen Euro Kartellstrafe zahlen. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Meldepflicht für IT-Angriffe, Creative Commons beim Justizministerium, Kabel-Grundverschlüsselung.
Prize and Premiership
Authors: Caterina Edoardo
Published: November 2023

Since the beginning of November, Italy has been discussing a constitutional reform that aims to radically change the Italian governmental system. The bill provides that the Prime Minister (more correctly: the President of the Council of Ministers) is elected by universal suffrage in a popular vote concurrent with the Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections. This move is often referred to in journalism as ‘Premiership’ (Premierato). n this post, I would like to focus less on the characteristics of the alleged ‘Premiership’ and more on the attempt to incorporate detailed electoral rules into the constitution. First, a brief history of the ‘majority prize’ will help the reader to better understand the context in which this reform was born. This will be followed by a critique of the proposal to enshrine the ‘majority prize’ in the constitution. I argue that, as currently drafted, the reform bill risks leading to an unconstitutional constitutional amendment.
Sustainable and Traditional Agricultural Practices to Reinforce Income Dynamics among Tribal Communities in Rural Wayanad, Kerala, India
Authors: Prathapachandran Nikhil , Devadas Varuvel
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive study conducted in Wayanad, Kerala, India, explores sustainable traditional farming practices in rural tribal households, with a primary goal of boosting income growth and agricultural productivity. The research delves into the intricate relationship between agricultural methods, income distribution, and ecological factors across household income brackets. Descriptive statistics provide a contextual understanding, while regression analysis offers insights into the relationships between Income and Agricultural Practices. The study assesses the impact of various traditional methods on agriculture, investigates the profitability and practices associated with organic, artificial, and mixed farming, and observes that mixed farming methods are more profitable than relying solely on natural practices, with income levels influencing the adoption of advanced farming technologies. The research explores the correlation between combining animal husbandry and agriculture in households, revealing an association with increased profit margins. Emphasizing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices, the study shows a preference for traditional farming techniques in the low-income bracket and a shift towards artificial methods as income rises. The research offers valuable insights into income, farming practices, and sustainability in this context.
Univariate polynomials and the contractability of certain sets
Authors: Kostov Vladimir
Published: November 2023

We consider the set $\Pi ^*_d$ of monic polynomials $Q_d=x^d+\sum _{j=0}^{d-1}a_jx^j$, $x\in \mathbb{R}$, $a_j\in \mathbb{R}^*$, having $d$ distinct real roots, and its subsets defined by fixing the signs of the coefficients $a_j$. We show that for every choice of these signs, the corresponding subset is non-empty and contractible. A similar result holds true in the cases of polynomials $Q_d$ of even degree $d$ and having no real roots or of odd degree and having exactly one real root. For even $d$ and when $Q_d$ has exactly two real roots which are of opposite signs, the subset is contractible. For even $d$ and when $Q_d$ has two positive (resp. two negative) roots, the subset is contractible or empty. It is empty exactly when the constant term is positive, among the other even coefficients there is at least one which is negative, and all odd coefficients are positive (resp. negative).
Nordic cycling policy: National objectives, mechanisms, and actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden
Authors:   Nordregio, Rohrer Lisa , Lidmo Johannes , Beidenhauser Christoph
Published: November 2023

This paper reviews how Nordic countries are working to improving cycling via policy and planning. It takes a national-level approach to review cycling objectives in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, reviews a range of mechanisms to achieve these objectives, and identifies the key actors responsible for carrying out the work. In the discussion section, the paper identifies several findings from the review work with regards to how the Nordic countries are currently addressing cycling at the policy level: - Cycling is primarily discussed as a means for contributing to environmental goals, such as GHG emission reductions, but is occasionally discussed as a means for improving health and well-being. Much less policy discourse focuses on economic or other social benefits of cycling. - The primary method for reducing GHG emissions in the transportation sector focuses on replacing fossil fuel cars with electric-powered vehicles rather than on cycling infrastructure or spatial forms that decrease overall mobility requirements. - The Nordic countries have some distinctions with regards to how spatial planning is operationalised, which influences how cycling is prioritised and managed. - Beyond a dedicated cycling strategy, cycling objectives are often baked into other key plans and documents at the national level. - Achieving national cycling objectives requires clear communication among local, regional, and national actors and across ministries, agencies, and departments, which is often a challenge. - Political turnover can be a hindrance to gaining support for long-term cycling projects. - There are many different indicators and ways to measure success for cycling objectives in the Nordic countries. The paper also highlights some of the developments taking place at the UN and EU levels, making cycling and its potential for improving cities and regions more visible across international policy.
The Actor-Partner Effects of Marital Satisfaction on Life Satisfaction in Middle-Aged and Older Couples: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Health Behavior and Health
Authors: Lee Eun Jee , Park Ju Hee
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine the actor and partner effects of marital satisfaction on life satisfaction in middle-aged and older couples via their health behavior and health. The study participants included a total of 2,108 couples, aged 57 and over, from the eighth wave of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The marital satisfaction, health behavior, health, and life satisfaction of the husbands and wives were measured to conduct the analysis. This analysis was conducted based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) with the bootstrapping technique being used as the mediating effect. The results indicated that there were significant actor and partner direct and indirect effects when it comes to the relationship between the participants’ marital satisfaction and their own life satisfaction, mediated by health behavior and health. However, no significant influences regarding the health of the participants on the life satisfaction of their spouses were found. These results suggest that it is important for middle-aged and older couples to improve their marital relationships in order to promote the health and life satisfaction of both parties. Doing so will help husbands and wives lead healthier lifestyles based on their positive relationships.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Desa Negara Ratu Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors:   STIE Krakatau, Chairani Rifda , Nouval M. Farid ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Explanatory Penelitian ini menggunakan 52 responden penelitian. Ada tiga variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 2 (dua) Variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dan 1 (satu) variabel terikat dimana Pengembangan karir (X1) dan Motivasi kerja (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan Kinerja Pegawai (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh pengembangan karir (X1) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh (R-square) sebesar 33,9%. Terdapat pengaruh motivasi kerja (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 30,8%. Terdapat pengaruh pengembangan karir (X1) dan motivasi kerja (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan tingkat pengaruh sebesar 35,1%.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Kantor Kecamatan Bahuga Kabupaten Way Kanan
Authors:   STIE Krakatau, Narundana Vonny Tiara , Hendri Hendri ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 responden penelitian. Ada tiga variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 2 (dua) Variabel bebas (X1 dan X2) dan 1 (satu) variabel terikat dimana kompetensi (X1) dan komitmen organisasi (X2) sebagai variabel bebas dan kinerja pegawai (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh kompetensi (X1) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y), dengan sebesar 69,7%. Terdapat pengaruh komitmen organisasi (X2) terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) sebesar 47,4%. Terdapat pengaruh kompetensi (X1) dan komitmen organisasi (X2) secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja pegawai (Y) sebesar 72,5%.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Motivasi Penari Pada Sanggar Seni Budaya Besapen Kabupaten Tulang Bawang
Authors:   STIE Gentiaras, Tilaar Andy Fitriyadi Dharma
Published: November 2023

Salah satu cara dalam melestarikan budaya Lampung adalah dengan mengkoleksi budaya. Beberapa bentuk budaya yang hilang diantaranya adalah seni tari, sastra, bahasa, dan tata cara bermasyarakat. Maka setelah menelaah lebih lanjut secara teori maka penulis mensarikan model dalam suatu masalah penelitian yaitu Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Motivasi Penari Pada Sanggar Seni Budaya BESAPEN Kabupaten Tulang Bawang masalah ini dibentuk berdasarkan pengamatan awal penulis dan hendak diuji kebenarannya. Hipotesa penelitian yang berhasil dibuat oleh penulis adalah, ada pengaruh positif dari Budaya Organisasi oleh Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Tulang Bawang terhadap motivasi pada sanggar Seni Budaya BESAPEN Kabupaten Tulang Bawang. Jenis penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah evaluasi tentang Budaya Organisasi terhadap motivasi pada sanggar Seni Budaya BESAPEN Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Setelah dilakukan analisa data didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai bahwa t-hitung > t-tabel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa koefisien masing masing variabel bebas adalah penting secara statistik pengaruhnya terhadap variabel tak bebasnya. Koefisien determinasi (R2) relatif sedang yaitu sebesar 69,3% (persen) dari variasi perubahan motivasi pada sanggar Seni Budaya BESAPEN Kabupaten Tulang Bawang dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel bebasnya, yaitu pendekatan perilaku. Maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa setiap Budaya Organisasi yang dilakukan memiliki pengaruh terhadap motivasi anggota sanggar Seni Budaya BESAPEN Kabupaten Tulang Bawang.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura
Authors:   STIE Krakatau, Mardiana Mardiana , Novalia Sesa ,   STIE Krakatau
Published: November 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan langsung dari objeknya. Sedangkan data sekunder merupakan data yang peneliti peroleh dari buku-buku dan sumber data lainya yang berhubungan dengan pembahasan penelitian ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dan simultan antara variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepuasan kerja mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Sarana Lampung Ventura.
El convento de San Francisco de Valdediós, santuario de la tradición de la peregrinación de Francisco de Asís a Santiago de Compostela en 1214
Authors: Manso Porto Carmen
Published: November 2023

La mayoría de los templos de las órdenes mendicantes edificados en Galicia durante el siglo XIII y comienzos del XIV fueron renovados y ampliados a finales de la Edad Media o en época moderna. El peso de la tradición de la peregrinación del fundador a Compostela en 1214 y la revelación divina de edificar conventos de su Orden en España, el primero de los cuales sería el compostelano, fue la principal razón de la conservación de la iglesia medieval hasta el siglo XVIII. Este espacio sagrado evocaba la fundación de San Francisco de Asís. Las sucesivas ampliaciones por el ábside y alrededor de la nave fueron cubriendo las necesidades de los fieles. Las reformas contribuyeron a su conservación durante cinco siglos. En 1741, su grave estado de ruina obligó a su demolición. Los frailes solo pudieron salvar las reliquias más evocadoras de la tradición franciscana.
The international governance of corporate tax avoidance:
Authors: Paster Thomas
Published: November 2023

Since the 1970s, constraints on public revenues have resulted in a policy condition of austerity while tax competition has induced governments to retrench welfare programs, rather than enhance tax revenues. Yet, after the global financial crisis, governments intensified efforts to increase tax revenues, through international measures to combat corporate tax avoidance and evasion. These efforts complement, rather than replace, the earlier focus on retrenchment but may have the potential to reduce pressures of austerity in the medium term. The article investigates three initiatives at international tax policy coordination, with the aim of assessing their potential to limit tax competition and to generate revenue increases.
Velfærdsstatens udfordringer, forandringer og konsekvenser
Authors: Kvist Jon , Rostgaard Tine , Ejrnæs Anders , Paster Thomas
Published: November 2023

Dette særnummer af Samfundsøkonomen er et festskrift for professor Bent Greve, i anledning af hans 70-års fødselsdag. Bent er uddannet økonom og har i en årrække haft sit virke ved Institut for Samfund og Erhverv, Roskilde Universitet, som institutleder og forsker. Han blev i 1997 udnævnt til Jean Monnet Professor i Europæisk arbejdsmarkeds- og social politik, og i 2001 udnævnt til professor i velfærdsstatsanalyse. Bent har sikret uddannelsen af utallige studerende på forvaltning og senere social videnskab udi forståelsen af velfærdsstatens og dens mange modeller og facetter. Og han har flittigt bidraget i bog- og artikelform, såvel som i mange presseinterview, til debatten om velfærdsstatens tilstand.
Repenser les grands récits sur Marie-Anne Gaboury à partir d’une perspective wahkotowin
Authors: Gaudet Janice Cindy , Bouvier Hannah
Published: November 2023

Notre texte vise à repenser la construction du récit de Marie-Anne Gaboury à partir d’une perspective wahkotowin (ses lois, éthiques et pratiques) afin d’établir une relation saine au territoire, avec nos relations Métis ainsi qu’avec d’autres peuples autochtones. Notre recherche contribue à valoriser la perspective féministe autochtone afin de réimaginer le récit dominant à partir d’une perspective relationnelle et de démanteler la hiérarchie des savoirs produite et reproduite. Les grands récits sur Marie-Anne Gaboury rendent invisibles le vécu et la contribution des femmes Métis, Cris, Saulteaux (le système de gouvernance matriarcale) de l’Ouest. C’est comme si son histoire était isolée des contextes social et politique des femmes du territoire et du mouvement de résistance historique et contemporain. On en vient à se demander: qui donc profite des grands récits et qui est Marie-Anne Gaboury en relation avec les femmes autochtones ou vice versa? Qui est-elle au-delà du nom d’une rue, au-delà d’être la première femme blanche/francophone dans l’Ouest, au-delà d’être la grand-mère de Louis Riel ?
Mouse gingival single-cell transcriptomic atlas identified a novel fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral barrier immunity in periodontitis
Authors: Kondo Takeru , Gleason Annie , Okawa Hiroko , Hokugo Akishige , Nishimura Ichiro
Published: November 2023

Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete topical application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils, together with AG fibroblasts, appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose the AG fibroblast–neutrophil–ILC3 axis as a previously unrecognized mechanism which could be involved in the complex interplay between oral barrier immune cells contributing to pathological inflammation in periodontitis.
Myomatrix arrays for high-definition muscle recording
Authors: Chung Bryce , Zia Muneeb , Thomas Kyle A. , Michaels Jonathan A. , Jacob Amanda , Pack Andrea , Williams Matthew J. , Nagapudi Kailash , Teng Lay Heng , Arrambide Eduardo , Ouellette Logan , Oey Nicole , Gibbs Rhuna , Anschutz Philip , Lu Jiaao , Wu Yu , Kashefi Mehrdad , Oya Tomomichi , Kersten Rhonda , Mosberger Alice C. , O’Connell Sean , Wang Runming , Marques Hugo , Mendes Ana Rita , Lenschow Constanze , Kondakath Gayathri , Kim Jeong Jun , Olson William , Quinn Kiara N. , Perkins Pierce , Gatto Graziana , Thanawalla Ayesha , Coltman Susan , Kim Taegyo , Smith Trevor , Binder-Markey Ben , Zaback Martin , Thompson Christopher K. , Giszter Simon , Person Abigail , Goulding Martyn , Azim Eiman , Thakor Nitish , O’Connor Daniel , Trimmer Barry , Lima Susana Q. , Carey Megan R. , Pandarinath Chethan , Costa Rui M. , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Bakir Muhannad , Sober Samuel J.
Published: November 2023

Neurons coordinate their activity to produce an astonishing variety of motor behaviors. Our present understanding of motor control has grown rapidly thanks to new methods for recording and analyzing populations of many individual neurons over time. In contrast, current methods for recording the nervous system’s actual motor output – the activation of muscle fibers by motor neurons – typically cannot detect the individual electrical events produced by muscle fibers during natural behaviors and scale poorly across species and muscle groups. Here we present a novel class of electrode devices (“Myomatrix arrays”) that record muscle activity at unprecedented resolution across muscles and behaviors. High-density, flexible electrode arrays allow for stable recordings from the muscle fibers activated by a single motor neuron, called a “motor unit”, during natural behaviors in many species, including mice, rats, primates, songbirds, frogs, and insects. This technology therefore allows the nervous system’s motor output to be monitored in unprecedented detail during complex behaviors across species and muscle morphologies. We anticipate that this technology will allow rapid advances in understanding the neural control of behavior and in identifying pathologies of the motor system.
Integrative analysis of DNA replication origins and ORC/MCM binding sites in human cells reveals a lack of overlap
Authors: Tian Mengxue , Wang Zhenjia , Su Zhangli , Shibata Etsuko , Shibata Yoshiyuki , Dutta Anindya , Zang Chongzhi
Published: November 2023

Based on experimentally determined average inter-origin distances of ∼100 kb, DNA replication initiates from ∼50,000 origins on human chromosomes in each cell cycle. The origins are believed to be specified by binding of factors like the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) or CTCF or other features like G-quadruplexes. We have performed an integrative analysis of 113 genome-wide human origin profiles (from five different techniques) and 5 ORC-binding profiles to critically evaluate whether the most reproducible origins are specified by these features. Out of ∼7.5 million union origins identified by all datasets, only 0.27% were reproducibly obtained in at least 20 independent SNS-seq datasets and contained in initiation zones identified by each of three other techniques (20,250 shared origins), suggesting extensive variability in origin usage and identification. 21% of the shared origins overlap with transcriptional promoters, posing a conundrum. Although the shared origins overlap more than union origins with constitutive CTCF binding sites, G-quadruplex sites and activating histone marks, these overlaps are comparable or less than that of known Transcription Start Sites, so that these features could be enriched in origins because of the overlap of origins with epigenetically open, promoter-like sequences. Only 6.4% of the 20,250 shared origins were within 1 kb from any of the ∼13,000 reproducible ORC binding sites in human cancer cells, and only 4.5% were within 1 kb of the ∼11,000 union MCM2-7 binding sites in contrast to the nearly 100% overlap in the two comparisons in the yeast,
S. cerevisiae
. Thus, in human cancer cell lines, replication origins appear to be specified by highly variable stochastic events dependent on the high epigenetic accessibility around promoters, without extensive overlap between the most reproducible origins and currently known ORC- or MCM-binding sites.
Jointly looking to the past and the future in visual working memory
Authors: Liu Baiwei , Alexopoulou Zampeta-Sofia , van Ede Freek
Published: November 2023

Working memory enables us to bridge past sensory information to upcoming future behaviour. Accordingly, by its very nature, working memory is concerned with two components: the past and the future. Yet, in conventional laboratory tasks, these two components are often conflated, such as when sensory information in working memory is encoded and tested at the same location. We developed a task in which we dissociated the past (encoded location) and future (to-be-tested location) attributes of visual contents in working memory. This enabled us to independently track the utilisation of past and future memory attributes through gaze, as observed during mnemonic selection. Our results reveal the joint consideration of past and future locations. This was prevalent even at the single-trial level of individual saccades that were jointly biased to the past and future. This uncovers the rich nature of working memory representations, whereby both past and future memory attributes are retained and can be accessed together when memory contents become relevant for behaviour.