bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable Technology: Prototype Development of a Garment to Mediate Communication between Caregivers and Infants with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Dell’Agnese Lucia , Tullio-Pow Sandra , Schaefer Kirsten , Andrews Alexander , Ibrahim Walid , Stein Rebecca , Russo Frank , Boudreau Jean-Paul
Published: March 2024

[para. 2]: “Modern day technology has been integrated into areas of our lives we would never have imagined 10 years ago. Two such examples are: (a) smart clothing, which contains electronic devices seamlessly incorporated into fabric, which sense, interpret and adapt to a variety of situations; and (b) wearable technology, which integrates removable computing devices into clothing (Seymour, 2008). Medical, protective and performance sport apparel sectors were early technology adopters, utilizing interdisciplinary teams to research and design products.”
Acoustic differences in the speaking and singing voice
Authors: Russo Frank , Livingstone Steven R. , Peck Katlyn
Published: March 2024

Speech and song are universal forms of vocal expression that reflect distinct channels of communication. While these two forms of expression share a common means of sound production, differences in the acoustic properties of speech and song have not received significant attention. Here, we present evidence of acoustic differences in the speaking and singing voice. Twenty-four actors were recorded while speaking and singing different statements with five emotions, two emotional intensities, and two repetitions. Acoustic differences of speech and song were reported in several acoustic parameters, including vocal loudness, spectral properties, and vocal quality. Interestingly, emotion was conveyed similarly in many acoustic features across speech and song. These results demonstrate the entwined nature of speech and song, and provide evidence in support of the shared emergence speech and song as a form of early proto-language. These recordings form part of our new Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) that will be freely released in 2013.
Spectral information for detection of acoustic time to arrival
Authors: Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

The exponential increase of intensity for an approaching sound source provides salient information for a listener to make judgments of time to arrival (TTA). Specifically, a listener will experience a greater rate of increasing intensity for higher than for lower frequencies during a sound source’s approach. To examine the relative importance of this spectral information, listeners were asked to make judgments about the arrival times of nine 1-octave-band sound sources (the bands were consecutive, nonoverlapping single octaves, ranging from 40–80 Hz to ~10–20 kHz). As is typical in TTA tasks, listeners tended to underestimate the arrival time of the approaching sound source. In naturally occurring and independently manipulated amplification curves, bands with center frequencies between 120 and 250 Hz caused the least underestimation, and bands with center frequencies between 2000 and 7500 Hz caused the most underestimation. This spectral influence appears to be related to the greater perceived urgency of higher-frequency sounds.
Validation of the CSA Z107.56 Standard Method for the Measurement of Noise Exposure From Headsets
Authors: Behar Alberto , Nespoli Gabe , Loria Tristan , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

The last section of the CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z107.56-06 (R2011) - Procedures for the Measurement of Occupational Noise Exposure - deals with communication headsets. This section is typically applied in retail, call centers, airport control towers, and other settings where an operator is exposed to background noise while communicating with a headset. Because the user adjusts the volume to hear speech comfortably, the total equivalent sound level is a function of the level of the background noise minus the attenuation provided by the headset, plus a comfortable signal/noise ratio, estimated to be 13.5 dBA. Despite ample research demonstrating the role of spectral and temporal factors in speech masking, the standard is applied consistently regardless of the type of background.
Exploring Cognitivist and Emotivist Positions of Musical Emotion Using Neural Network Models
Authors: Vempala Naresh , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

There are two positions in the classic debate regarding musical emotion: the cognitivist position and the emotivist position. According to the cognitivist position, music expresses emotion but does not induce it in listeners. So, listeners may recognize emotion in music without feeling it, unlike real, everyday emotion. According to the emotivist position, listeners not only recognize emotion but also feel it. This is supported by their physiological responses during music listening, which are similar to responses occurring with real emotion. When listeners provide emotion appraisals, if the cognitivist position were true, then these appraisals might be based on audio features in the music. However, if the emotivist position were true, then appraisals would be based on the emotion experienced by listeners as opposed to what they perceived in the audio features. We propose a hypothesis combining both positions according to which, listeners make emotion appraisals based on a combination of what they perceive in the music as well as what they experience during the listening process. In this paper, we explore all three positions using connectionist prediction models, specifically four different neural networks: (a) using only audio features as input, (b) using only physiological features as input, (c) using both audio and physiological features as input, and (d) using a committee machine that combines contributions from an audio network and a physiology network. We examine the performance of these networks and discuss their implications as possible cognitive models of emotion appraisal within listeners.
Music in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1
Authors: Forde Thompson William , Lamont Alexandra , Parncutt Richard , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

This first definitive reference resource to take a broad interdisciplinary approach to the nexus between music and the social and behavioral sciences examines how music affects human beings and their interactions in and with the world. The interdisciplinary nature of the work provides a starting place for students to situate the status of music within the social sciences in fields such as anthropology, communications, psychology, linguistics, sociology, sports, political science and economics, as well as biology and the health sciences.

Features: Approximately 450 articles, arranged in A-to-Z fashion and richly illustrated with photographs, provide the social and behavioral context for examining the importance of music in society.; Entries are authored and signed by experts in the field and conclude with references and further readings, as well as cross references to related entries.; A Reader's Guide groups related entries by broad topic areas and themes, making it easy for readers to quickly identify related entries.; A Chronology of Music places material into historical context; a Glossary defines key terms from the field; and a Resource Guide provides lists of books, academic journals, websites and cross-references.; The multimedia digital edition is enhanced with video and audio clips and features strong search-and-browse capabilities through the electronic Reader's Guide, detailed index, and cross references.

Music in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, available in both multimedia digital and print formats, is a must-have reference for music and social science library collections.
Audio and visual speech emotion activate the left pre-supplementary motor area
Authors: Rovetti Joseph , Copelli Fran , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Sensorimotor brain areas have been implicated in the recognition of emotion expressed on the face and through nonverbal vocalizations. However, no previous study has assessed whether sensorimotor cortices are recruited during the perception of emotion in speech—a signal that includes both audio (speech sounds) and visual (facial speech movements) components. To address this gap in the literature, we recruited 24 participants to listen to speech clips produced in a way that was either happy, sad, or neutral in expression. These stimuli also were presented in one of three modalities: audio-only (hearing the voice but not seeing the face), video-only (seeing the face but not hearing the voice), or audiovisual. Brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography, subjected to independent component analysis, and source-localized. We found that the left presupplementary motor area was more active in response to happy and sad stimuli than neutral stimuli, as indexed by greater mu event-related desynchronization. This effect did not differ by the sensory modality of the stimuli. Activity levels in other sensorimotor brain areas did not differ by emotion, although they were greatest in response to visual-only and audiovisual stimuli. One possible explanation for the pre-SMA result is that this brain area may actively support speech emotion recognition by using our extensive experience expressing emotion to generate sensory predictions that in turn guide our perception.
Synchronizing to auditory and tactile metronomes: a test of the auditory-motor enhancement hypothesis
Authors: Ammirante Paolo , Patel Aniruddh D. , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Humans show a striking advantage for synchronizing movements with discretely timed auditory metronomes (e.g., clicking sounds) over temporally matched visual metronomes (e.g., flashing lights), suggesting enhanced auditory-motor coupling for rhythmic processing. Does the auditory advantage persist for other modalities (not just vision)? Here, nonmusicians finger tapped to the beat of auditory, tactile, and bimodal metronomes. Stimulus magnitude and rhythmic complexity were also manipulated. In conditions involving a large area of stimulation and simple rhythmic sequences, tactile synchronization closely matched auditory. Although this finding shows a limitation to the hypothesis of enhanced auditory-motor coupling for rhythmic processing, other findings clearly support it. First, there was a robust advantage with auditory information for synchronization with complex rhythm sequences; moreover, in complex sequences a measure of error correction was found only when auditory information was present. Second, higher order grouping was evident only when auditory information was present.
Excitability of the motor system: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study on singing and speaking
Authors: Russo Frank , Royal Isabelle , Lidji Pascale , Théoret Hugo , Peretz Isabelle
Published: March 2024

The perception of movements is associated with increased activity in the human motor cortex, which in turn may underlie our ability to understand actions, as it may be implicated in the recognition, understanding and imitation of actions. Here, we investigated the involvement and lateralization of the primary motor cortex (M1) in the perception of singing and speech. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied independently for both hemispheres over the mouth representation of the motor cortex in healthy participants while they watched 4-s audiovisual excerpts of singers producing a 2-note ascending interval (singing condition) or 4-s audiovisual excerpts of a person explaining a proverb (speech condition). Subjects were instructed to determine whether a sung interval/written proverb, matched a written interval/proverb. During both tasks, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the contralateral mouth muscle (orbicularis oris) of the stimulated motor cortex compared to a control task. Moreover, to investigate the time course of motor activation, TMS pulses were randomly delivered at 7 different time points (ranging from 500 to 3500 ms after stimulus onset). Results show that stimulation of the right hemisphere had a similar effect on the MEPs for both the singing and speech perception tasks, whereas stimulation of the left hemisphere significantly differed in the speech perception task compared to the singing perception task. Furthermore, analysis of the MEPs in the singing task revealed that they decreased for small musical intervals, but increased for large musical intervals, regardless of which hemisphere was stimulated. Overall, these results suggest a dissociation between the lateralization of M1 activity for speech perception and for singing perception, and that in the latter case its activity can be modulated by musical parameters such as the size of a musical interval.
An Empirically Derived Measure of Melodic Similarity
Authors: Vempala Naresh , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Music software applications often require similarity-finding measures. In this study, we describe an empirically derived measure for determining similarity between two melodies with multiple-note changes. The derivation of our final model involved three stages. In Stage 1, eight standard melodies were systematically varied with respect to pitch distance, pitch direction, tonal stability, metric salience and melodic contour. Comparison melodies with a one-note change were presented in transposed and nontransposed conditions. For the nontransposed condition, predictors of explained variance in similarity ratings were pitch distance, pitch direction and melodic contour. For the transposed condition, predictors were tonal stability and melodic contour. In Stage 2, we added the effects of primacy and recency. In Stage 3, comparison melodies with two-note changes were introduced, which allowed us to derive a more generalizable model capable of accommodating multiple-note changes. In a follow-up experiment, we show that our empirically derived measure of melodic similarity yielded superior performance to the Mongeau and Sankoff similarity measure. An empirically derived measure, such as the one described here, has the potential to extend the domain of similarity-finding methods in music information retrieval, on the basis of psychological predictors.
Absolute pitch: neurophysiological evidence for early brain activity in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sharma Vivek V. , Thaut Michael , Russo Frank , Alain Claude
Published: March 2024

Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to rapidly label pitch without an external reference. The speed of AP labeling may be related to faster sensory processing. We compared time needed for auditory processing in AP musicians, non-AP musicians, and nonmusicians (NM) using high-density electroencephalographic recording. Participants responded to pure tones and sung voice. Stimuli evoked a negative deflection peaking at ~100 ms (N1) post-stimulus onset, followed by a positive deflection peaking at ~200 ms (P2). N1 latency was shortest in AP, intermediate in non-AP musicians, and longest in NM. Source analyses showed decreased auditory cortex and increased frontal cortex contributions to N1 for complex tones compared with pure tones. Compared with NM, AP musicians had weaker source currents in left auditory cortex but stronger currents in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during N1, and stronger currents in left IFG during P2. Compared with non-AP musicians, AP musicians exhibited stronger source currents in right insula and left IFG during N1, and stronger currents in left IFG during P2. Non-AP musicians had stronger N1 currents in right auditory cortex than nonmusicians. Currents in left IFG and left auditory cortex were correlated to response times exclusively in AP. Findings suggest a left frontotemporal network supports rapid pitch labeling in AP.
Comparing verbal working memory load in auditory and visual modalities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Rovetti Joseph , Goy Huiwen , Nurgitz Rebecca , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

The verbal identity n-back task is commonly used to assess verbal working memory (VWM) capacity. Only three studies have compared brain activation during the n-back when using auditory and visual stimuli. The earliest study, a positron emission tomography study of the 3-back, found no differences in VWM-related brain activation between n-back modalities. In contrast, two subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the 2-back found that auditory VWM was associated with greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC) activation than visual VWM, perhaps suggesting that auditory VWM requires more cognitive effort than its visual counterpart. The current study aimed to assess whether DL-PFC activation (i.e., cognitive effort) differs by VWM modality. To do this, 16 younger adults completed an auditory and visual n-back, both at four levels of VWM load. Concurrently, activation of the PFC was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a silent neuroimaging method. We found that DL-PFC activation increased with VWM load, but it was not affected by VWM modality or the interaction between load and modality. This supports the view that both VWM modalities require similar cognitive effort, and perhaps that previous fMRI results were an artefact of scanner noise. We also found that, across conditions, DL-PFC activation was positively correlated with reaction time. This may further support DL-PFC activation as an index of cognitive effort, and fNIRS as a method to measure it.
Reduced Semantic Context and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Increase Listening Effort As Measured Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rovetti Joseph , Goy Huiwen , Zara Michael , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Understanding speech-in-noise can be highly effortful. Decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of speech increases listening effort, but it is relatively unclear if decreasing the level of semantic context does as well. The current study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate two primary hypotheses: (1) listening effort (operationalized as oxygenation of the left lateral PFC) increases as the SNR decreases and (2) listening effort increases as context decreases.

Design: Twenty-eight younger adults with normal hearing completed the Revised Speech Perception in Noise Test, in which they listened to sentences and reported the final word. These sentences either had an easy SNR (+4 dB) or a hard SNR (−2 dB), and were either low in semantic context (e.g., “Tom could have thought about the sport”) or high in context (e.g., “She had to vacuum the rug”). PFC oxygenation was measured throughout using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Results: Accuracy on the Revised Speech Perception in Noise Test was worse when the SNR was hard than when it was easy, and worse for sentences low in semantic context than high in context. Similarly, oxygenation across the entire PFC (including the left lateral PFC) was greater when the SNR was hard, and left lateral PFC oxygenation was greater when context was low.

Conclusions: These results suggest that activation of the left lateral PFC (interpreted here as reflecting listening effort) increases to compensate for acoustic and linguistic challenges. This may reflect the increased engagement of domain-general and domain-specific processes subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (e.g., cognitive control) and inferior frontal gyrus (e.g., predicting the sensory consequences of articulatory gestures), respectively.
Exposure to nonnative‑accented speech reduces listening effort and improves social judgments of the speaker
Authors: Rovetti Joseph , Sumantry David , Russo Frank
Published: March 2024

Prior research has revealed a native-accent advantage, whereby nonnative-accented speech is more difficult to process than native-accented speech. Nonnative-accented speakers also experience more negative social judgments. In the current study, we asked three questions. First, does exposure to nonnative-accented speech increase speech intelligibility or decrease listening effort, thereby narrowing the native-accent advantage? Second, does lower intelligibility or higher listening effort contribute to listeners’ negative social judgments of speakers? Third and finally, does increased intelligibility or decreased listening effort with exposure to speech bring about more positive social judgments of speakers? To address these questions, normal-hearing adults listened to a block of English sentences with a native accent and a block with nonnative accent. We found that once participants were accustomed to the task, intelligibility was greater for nonnative-accented speech and increased similarly with exposure for both accents. However, listening effort decreased only for nonnative-accented speech, soon reaching the level of native-accented speech. In addition, lower intelligibility and higher listening effort was associated with lower ratings of speaker warmth, speaker competence, and willingness to interact with the speaker. Finally, competence ratings increased over time to a similar extent for both accents, with this relationship fully mediated by intelligibility and listening effort. These results offer insight into how listeners process and judge unfamiliar speakers.
Teachers' Strategies to Enhance Deeper Learning Skills in English Language Classes
Authors: Suri Sunita Swar
Published: March 2024

The paper focuses on English teachers' teaching strategies in secondary-level classes to enhance students' deeper learning skills. This paper is the outcome of a qualitative study, a narrative inquiry with three secondary-level English teachers. With the help of in-depth interviews and class observation, the study figured out how the different teaching strategies allow teachers to adopt, integrate and ensure deeper learning skills in existing curricular content. The research primarily collected data through interviews and supplemented it with classroom observations. They subsequently analysed the data under three major themes. The first gives theoretical reasoning; in contrast, the second and third themes widely discuss the practical aspects and examples from actual classroom practices aligning with the researcher's observation track record that revolves around the theme. The study concludes that any strategies the teacher introduces must be reinforced by fostering an autonomous environment for learners, creating a school environment supportive of deeper learning, and ensuring the appropriate assessment of deep learning skills.
Trastornos del aprendizaje causados por las patologías del lenguaje
Authors: Medrano Próspero Karla Eira
Published: March 2024

En este libro en su idioma original, el castellano, el escritor hace una introspectiva desde el enfoque psíquico, médico y pedagógico de los trastornos de aprendizaje causados por complicaciones en el lenguaje que atañen a los alumnos y por ende invita a educadores y profesionales a sumergirse en su investigación contenida en esta obra. Pedicone es originario de San Pedro en la provincia de Buenos Aires, abogado especialista en Derecho penal, profesor de Ciencias Jurídicas, licenciado en Educación y doctorado en Derecho Público y Economía de Gobierno, autor del libro titulado Vivencias jurídicas: el Derecho como praxis vital, así como de Inquietudes: causadas por la educación, la filosofía y la economía, literaturas publicadas en su idioma original, el español.
O conceito de audiação de Edwin Gordon aplicado na educação musical infantil
Authors: Schambeck Regina Finck , Barreto Ássia dos Santos
Published: March 2024

O artigo apresenta elementos do processo global de aprendizagem musical de crianças conhecido como Teoria da Aprendizagem Musical, concebida pelo músico, professor e investigador no campo da educação musical e da psicologia da música Edwin E. Gordon (1927-2015). Seus estudos são valorizados sobretudo pela amplitude da sua base teórico- metodológica. É uma abordagem de ensino de música dedicada a crianças e tem como embasamento a maneira como elas associam e incorporam a música e interagem com ela. Para exemplificar como essa abordagem é aplicada, trazemos a descrição de três atividades formuladas a partir dos pressupostos da teoria e que demonstram que conduzir e mediar as etapas do processo de aprendizagem musical das crianças dá o espaço necessário para que elas explorem, brinquem, movimentem-se, acompanhem e participem de seu processo de aprendizagem musical.
Arte, cultura y sociedad. Provocaciones, intervenciones e investigaciones
Authors: Capistrán Gracia Raúl Wenceslao , Morales Campos Arturo , Barrios Mendoza Arturo , Fernández Martínez Francisco Javier , Jui González Leslie , Mercado Salas Raquel , Rodríguez Rodríguez Brenda María Antonieta , López Torres José Luis , González Aguilera María Luisa , García Guardado Emma Nitzel , Espinosa Ulloa Félix Aminta , López León Ricardo Arturo , Plascencia Martínez Fernando , Gómez Martínez Rosa Gabriela , Cázares Rosales Laura Erandi , González Vidal Juan Carlos , Esparza Álvarez Clara Susana , Andrade Zamarripa Armando , Plancarte Hernández Salvador , Silva Doray Ledezma Karla Jacqueline , Carbajal Vaca Irma Susana
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo se elaboró como una continuación de la ponencia presentada por Barrios-Mendoza (2018) en la Primera Jornada de Interdisciplina en las Artes, y que se tituló: “Un sentido expandido de la transducción en el arte contemporáneo”. En ella se expuso la necesidad de estudiar con mayor profundidad el uso de los procesos de transducción en el arte pues, a pesar de que han sido empleados en repetidas ocasiones por distintos artistas alrededor del mundo, la reflexión acerca de estos procesos no ha gozado de la misma popularidad que sus aplicaciones prácticas. En esta ocasión, el objetivo principal consiste en realizar una aproximación hacia una definición de la transducción en el arte, a partir de un término acuñado por Robert Mallary (1969), arte transductivo, hace 50 años, así como de algunos elementos del proyecto filosófico de Gilbert Simondon.
Prolegómenos biofílicos
Authors: Barojas Weber Jorge Rafael
Published: March 2024

La presente obra se refiere al amor en la vida, por la vida y para la vida. Dista mucho de ser un tratado de tan complejo tema, acerca del cual bastante se ha escrito. Como referencia conviene mencionar El arte de amar de Erich Fromm y Eros y civilización de Herbert Marcuse. Ni trata de biosofía (la sabiduría acerca de las verdades de la vida) ni mucho menos de biología (el estudio de las características de los seres vivos). Se denomina Prolegómenos biofílicos por las siguientes razones. La palabra prolegómeno significa preámbulo y en griego quiere decir anunciar con anticipación. Así, el Diccionario de uso del español de María Moliner, en su edición de 1992, lo deriva de prólogo (discurso) y señala que es una “introducción que precede a un tratado, con los fundamentos de la materia” y que “a veces se aplica a un tratado elemental de cierta materia”. En palabras del autor, hace treinta años se le ocurrió que el término biofilia era el apropiado para indicar amor a la vida, más que “apego o amistad a la vida”, pensando en el hecho de que fuese poco conocido y utilizado. Sin embargo, notó, gracias a su maestro y amigo Luis Estrada, que en los trabajos de Edward O. Wilson, desde 1979 ya había utilizado el término en cuestión. Desde la perspectiva del autor, biofilia es todo un edificio cognitivo y emocional que implica economía de recursos, organización eficiente, evolución bien comprendida, información correctamente asimilada, aprendizaje integrado, cooperación convincente, diversidad orgánica y cultural, fraternidad y realización personal, sabiduría colectiva, poesía y respeto por la vida. Estos escritos son el resultado de un ejercicio personal de sentir y comunicar la biofilia, como vivencia fraternal, reflexión creativa y participación comprometida. Así, la obra contiene relatos que pretenden motivar y desarrollar el sentimiento biofílico. Son el resultado de vivencias fraternales, reflexiones creativas y participaciones comprometidas. Consta de cuatro secciones: Procesos biofílicos, Búsquedas y aprendizajes, Manifestaciones literarias y Consecuencias biofílicas. Las ilustraciones de inicio de cada sección y la portada son reproducciones de cuadros y murales de Daniel Alberto Barojas Blaisten.
Peran Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) terhadap Perubahan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit (Mus musculus)
Authors: Firda Luthfiani Safna  , Visi Kartika  , Khalid Nurfadhillah , Rachman Moch. Erwin , Surdam Zulfiyah
Published: March 2024

Prevalensi penyakit degeneratif semakin meningkat seiring dengan berubahnya pola hidup. Salah satunya adalah diabetes mellitus (DM). DM adalah gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein kronik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan postprandial. Sebagian besar tumbuh-tumbuhan telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat-obatan tradisional, salah satunya Muntingia calabura L atau lebih dikenal sebagai kersen. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, daun M. calabura. diketahui memiliki banyak kandungan senyawa. Diantara senyawa tersebut, flavonoid memiliki manfaat sebagai antidiabetik dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap perubahan kadar glukosa darah mencit (Mus musculus). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review dengan desain Narrative Review. Pemberian ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terbukti berperan dalam perubahan kadar glukosa darah tetapi belum se-efektif pemberian obat antihiperglikemi oral. Dengan dosis 14 mg/kgBB memberikan efek yang optimal terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang hampir setara dengan pemberian obat anti hiperglikemi pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang diabetes. Ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) berperan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit (Mus musculus).
Profil Penderita Adenokarsinoma Paru di RS. Ibnu Sina Makassar Periode Januari 2016-Mei 2019
Authors: Ainun  , Wiriansya Edward Pandu , Karim Marzelina , Syahril Erlin , Kanang Indah Lestari Daeng , Andi Irwansyah Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Angka mortalitas yang tinggi pada karsinoma paru merupakan masalah yang sedang dihadapi di berbagai Negara, termasuk Indonesia. Sesuai laporan WHO (2018), terdapat sebanyak 2,09 miliar penduduk di dunia terkena kanker paru dan 1,76 miliar penduduk meninggal akibat kanker paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran profil penderita adenokarsinoma Paru di Rumah sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar periode Januari 2016- Mei 2019 berdasarkan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Stadium, Gejala Klinis, Riwayat Merokok dan Riwayat Keluarga. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriftif dengan desain cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder yaitu rekam medik pasien adenokarsinoma paru. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 33 kasus adenokarsinoma paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada data rekam medik pasien. Sebagai kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik penderita adenokarsinoma paru di rumah sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar periode Januari 2016- Mei 2019 dengan umur terbanyak yang ditemukan > 40 tahun yaitu sebanyak 31 kasus (93,9%), pasien laki-laki lebih sering terkena adenokarsinoma paru yaitu sebanyak 22 kasus ( 66,7%), pasien yang terdiagnosis adenokarsinoma paru berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi didapatkan stadium yang tertinggi yaitu stadium IIIB sebanyak 14 kasus (42,4%), pasien yang memiliki gejala klinis terbanyak dengan nilai positif yaitu batuk darah sebanyak 31 orang (93,9%), pasien dengan riwayat merokok >  15 tahun merupakan nilai tertinggi yaitu 14 orang (42,4 %), pasien yang tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga yang menderita adenokarsinoma paru sebanyak 27 kasus (81,8%). (Rekomendasi Persetujuan Etik Nomor 089/A.1/Kepk-Umi/Iv/2019)
Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Thorax Pasien Tuberkolosis Paru Dewasa Sebelum dan Sesudah Pengobatan dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT)
Authors: Muhammad Afief Batara Putra  , Latief Shofiyah , Zulfahmidah  , Indah Lestari Daeng Kanang  , Asrini Safitri
Published: March 2024

Tuberkulosis termasuk dalam 10 kasus penyebab kematian di dunia. Berdasarkan Global Tuberkulosis Report 2018, angka kematian tuberkulosis mencapai 1,3 juta kematian. Adapun proporsi pasien TB Paru di Sulawesi Selatan yang terkonfirmasi secara bakterilogis di antara semua pasien TB paru yang tercatat atau diobati mencapai 1,234 (20.97%) namun belum mencapai target yang diharapkan. Diagnosis TB paru pada orang dewasa ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan foto thorax, untuk menemukan lesi tuberkulosis klasifikasi luas lesi yaitu minimal, moderate advanced, dan far advanced lesion. Indeks massa tubuh yang rendah atau disebut juga underweight, merupakan faktor risiko timbulnya tuberkulosis. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara luas lesi pada foto thorax penderita TB paru dewasa sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dengan indeks massa tubuh. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review dengan desain Narrative Review kemudian didapatkan 44 jurnal sebagai bahan literature kemudian diambil 7 jurnal yang ditelaah. Berdasarkan telaah jurnal-jurnal yang ada didapatkan hasil bahwa prevalensi pria lebih banyak menderita TB paru, pasien dengan usia produktif 15-60 tahun, underweight, indeks massa tubuh < 18,5 dengan pemeriksaan sputum tingkat kepositifannya tinggi, dan terjadi perbaikan status gizi atau IMT setelah pengobatan. Terjadi perubahan gambaran luas lesi foto thorax sesudah pengobatan, status gizi (IMT) pasien tuberkulosis paru dewasa mengalami peningkatan Indeks massa tubuh setelah dilakukan pengobatan dan terdapat hubungan antara gambaran luas lesi berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan pada foto thorax penderita TB paru dewasa sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dengan indeks massa tubuh.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Mpasi Terhadap Resiko Stunting Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Makassar
Authors: Siti Alzavira Chairunnisa  , Asrini Safitri  , Syamsu Rachmat Faisal , M. Hamsah  , Anna Sari Dewi
Published: March 2024

Masalah gizi khususnya balita stunting dapat menghambat proses tumbuh kembang balita. Balita pendek memilikidampak negatif yang akan berlangsung dalam kehidupan selanjutnya. Stunting adalah masalah gizi kronis yangdisebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuaidengan kebutuhan gizi. Stunting sangat erat kaitannya dengan kebutuhan zat gizi pada masa pertumbuhan sepertienergi, protein, dan mikronutrien. Salah satu permasalahan dalam pemberian makanan pada bayi adalahterhentinya pemberian ASI dan pemberian MPASI yang tidak cukup. Pemberian MPASI yang cukup dalam halkualitas dan kuantitas penting untuk pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kecerdasan anak yang bertambah pesatpada periode ini. Bertambah umur bayi bertambah pula kebutuhan gizinya, oleh sebab itu pada usia 6 bulan keatasbayi membutuhkan tambahan gizi lain yang berasal dari MPASI.
Hubungan Pemberian Jenis Antibiotik dengan Lama Perawatan dan Frekuensi Kekambuhan Anak pada Penderita CAP (Community Acquired Pneumonia) di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar
Authors: Atjo M.Farizan , Abdullah Rezky Putri Indarwati , Gayatri Sri Wahyuni
Published: March 2024

Pneumonia adalah peradangan yang mengenai parenkim paru, distal dari bronkiolus terminalis yang mencakup bronkiolus respiratorius, dan alveoli serta menimbulkan konsolidasi jaringan paru dan pertukaran gas setempat. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) merupakan pneumonia yang didapat di luar rumah sakit. Dari hasil pembahasan 23 jurnal 11 (55%) merekomendasikan antibiotik golongan sefalosporin sebagai pilihan pertama dan 4 (20%) jurnal lainnya tetap merekomendasikan sefalosporin sebagai pilihan kedua setelah pemberian amoxicillin atau penisilin, Serta 3 dari 23 jurnal menyebutkan bahwa gangguan pernapasan dan kelainan imunologi sebagai penyebab utama kekambuhan CAP pada anak. Sedangkan untuk waktu perawatan yaitu 8-10 hari dengan rerata 10 hari perawatan
Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Pambagyo Septyan Wahyu , Murfat Zulfitriani , Pratama Ahmad Ardhani , Waspodo Nurelly N , Arifin Arina Fathiyyah
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 berlangsung sangat cepat. Masyarakat memiliki peran penting untuk memutuskan penularan COVID-19. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan dapat terhindar dari berbagai penyakit seperti salah satunya yaitu COVID-19. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat di Desa Padang Lampe, Kabupaten Pangkep terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan desain penelitian Cross-Sectional Study. Sampel yang digunakan adalah masyarakat di Desa Padang Lampe, Kabupaten Pangkep berjumlah 75 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Accidental Sampling. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap 75 responden di dapatkan 56% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik,16% responden cukup, dan 28% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang. Dan 45,3% responden memiliki sikap yang baik, 24% responden cukup, 30,7% responden memiliki sikap yang kurang dan berdasarkan Chi-Square Test didapatkan P-Value 0.001 (P<0.05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat, Desa Padang Lampe, Kabupaten Pangkep terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) pada masa pandemi COVID-19.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomun Burmanii) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Mencit (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Tauhid Irsanti Sasmita , Arsal Andi Fahira , Syamsu Rachmat Faisal , Nasruddin Hermiaty , Bima Irmayanti Haidir , Rismayanti  , Paulus  , Ade Rahmy Sujuthi
Published: March 2024

Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah suatu gangguan kronik metabolisme karbohidrat (glukosa) didalam tubuh. Jumlah prevalensinya terus meningkat. Estimasi terakhir International Diabetes Federation (IDF) terdapat 382 juta orang hidup dengan diabetes di dunia pada tahun 2013. Pada tahun 2035 jumlah tersebut diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi 592 juta. Sementara di Indonesia telah ditemukan 10 juta kasus diabetes pada tahun 2015 (IDF, 2017). Saat ini pengobatan herbal berkembang dengan pesat di kalangan masyarakat. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang dipercaya dapat menurunkan gula darah adalah kayu manis
Efektivitas Antibiotik Azitromisin Dalam Tatalaksana Coronavirus Disease (Covid) – 19
Authors: Ari Savira Alda  , Dwi Anggita  , Karim Marzelina , Arifin Arina Farhiyyah , Bima Irmayanti Haidir , Ham Fransiskus Susanto  , R. Joko Maharto
Published: March 2024

Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) dan dapat ditularkan dari manusia satu ke manusia yang lain. Pada tanggal 12 Maret, WHO menyatakan bahwa COVID-19 menjadi pandemik. Kasus pertama COVID-19 ditemukan di China dan saat ini telah menyebar hingga 221 negara dan teritori lainnya. Dibandingkan dengan dua jenis coronavirus lainnya, SARS-CoV-2 memiliki kemampuan menyebar jauh lebih cepat dan memiliki tingkat penularan yang lebih tinggi. Meskipun COVID-19 dilaporkan memiliki tingkat mortalitas yang relatif rendah, penyakit ini sangat mematikan khususnya pada kelompok pasien risiko tinggi. Penelitian pada beberapa obat telah dan sedang dilakukan untuk mencari pengobatan yang efektif dalam menyembuhkan dan menurunkan tingkat mortalitas COVID-19, salah satunya adalah azitromisin. Azitromisin telah terbukti sebagai imunomodulator dan dapat mengurangi eksaserbasi pada penyakit saluran napas kronis. Azitromisin biasanya digunakan untuk infeksi saluran pernapasan akibat bakteri dan berpotensi mengobati atau mencegah koinfeksi SARS-CoV-2. Azitromisin juga telah terbukti sebagai imunomodulator dan dapat mengurangi eksaserbasi pada penyakit saluran napas kronis. Tidak hanya efikasi saja yang unggul, Azitromisin juga tersedia secara luas dan memiliki profil keamanan yang sangat baik, sehingga apabila terbukti efektif dalam pengobatan COVID-19 Azitromisin dapat diajukan sebagai pengobatan lini pertama untuk pasien dengan COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas azitromisin dalam penatalaksanaan COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini merupakan Literature Review dengan desain Narrative Review. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari 5 Literatur menunjukkan bahwa azitromisin memiliki potensi dalam menatalaksana SARS-CoV-2 dan memiliki mekanisme antivirus dan imunomodulator yang dapat berperan dalam menatalaksana COVID-19.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Pare (Momordica Charantia) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Mencit (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Andi Retno Afifah  , Sri Wahyu  , Sri Wahyuni Gayatri  , Daeng Kanang Indah Lestari , Abdullah Rezky Putri Indarwati , Abdullah Andi Farid , Sirajuddin Nur Fatimah
Published: March 2024

Diabetes melitus (DM) mengacu pada sindrom hiperglikemia akibat berbagai penyebab. Dewasa ini, banyak masyarakat yang mengkonsumi buah pare sebagai obat diabetes. Karena menurut pemikiran mereka, rasa pahitnya dapat menetralisir kadar gula dalam darah. Momordica charantia (Buah Pare) adalah tanaman yang digunakan sebagai sayuran dan obat tradisional dengan aktivitas buah hipoglikemik. Momordica charantia (Buah Pare) mengandung senyawa seperti insulin yang disebut charantin yang memiliki sifat anti diabetes dan membantu mengurangi kadar gula darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit (Mus musculus). Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review dengan desain Narrative Review. Ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit (Mus musculus) diabetes dengan konsentrasi 100 mg/kgBB, 250 mg/kgBB dan 400 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak buah pare  (Momordica charantia) dengan konsentrasi 400 mg/KgBB dapat menurunkan glukosa darah yang hampir setara dengan pemberian metformin pada mencit (Mus musculus) yang diabetes. Ekstrak buah pare (Momordica charantia) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada mencit (Mus musculus) diabetes. Namun lebih efektif pada dosis 400 mg/KgBB
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Dengan Kepatuhan ANC RSIA Ananda Makassar 2019
Authors: Melly Syafrida Putri  , Fadli Ananda  , Zulfiyah Surdam  , Anna Sari Dewi  , Arifin Arni Isnaini , Susiawaty  , Irwan
Published: March 2024

Kehamilan merupakan proses yang alamiah, kehamilan didefinisikan sebagai fertilisasi atau penyatuan dari spermatozoa dan ovum dan dilanjutkan dengan nidasi atau implantasi, Kehamilan risiko tinggi merupakan suatu kehamilan dimana jiwa dan kesehatan ibu dan bayi dapat terancam. Antenatal Care (ANC) adalah pengawasan sebelum persalinan terutama ditujukan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin dalam rahim dan ibunya untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang risiko tinggi kehamilan dengan keteraturan Antenatal Care (ANC). Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional sampel dari penelitian ini berupa data primer yaitu data penelitian yang didapatkan langsung dari sumber. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah dengan membagikan kuisioner secara langsung kepada responden. Dari hasil penelitian dengan 50 ibu hamil care di rumah sakit Ibu dan Anak Ananda Makassar didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori Tinggi sebanyak 20 ibu hamil (40%) dan kategori sedang sebanyak 19 ibu hamil (38%), sedangkan responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori rendah sebanyak 11 ibu hamil (22%Pengetahuan ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya dirumah sakit ibu dan anak ananda Makassar mayoritas memiliki pengetahuan yang tinggi tentang Antenatal care, serta kunjungan Antenatal care yang dilakukan ibu hamil di rumah sakit ibu dan anak ananda Makassar sudah baik dalam melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan.
Hubungan Nilai Komprehensif Akhir dan Nilai Tryout Aipki dengan Hasil CBT Ujian Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter (UKMPPD) Angkatan 2012 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Andi Muhammad Arya  , Nasrudin A.M  , Andi Alamanda  , Natasha Ratih  , Purnamasari Reeny  , Wahida Jalil  , Israeny Nur
Published: March 2024

Pada penelitian ini juga membahas pengaruh nilai tryout dan nilai komperenshif , apakah berbanding lurus dengan hasil UKMPPD atau tidak. Pada pengaruh nilai tryout , FK UMI melakukan berbagai upaya agar angka kelulusan CBT UKMPPD FK UMI meningkat. Mengetahui hubungan antara nilai Komprehensif Akhir dan Nilai Try Out AIPKI dengan nilai CBT UKMPPD Angkatan 2012 Fakultas Kedokteran Muslim Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analitik korelasi dengan desain retrospektif. Diketahui bahwa 137 orang peserta Angkatan 2012 yang telah mengikuti UKMPPD (86%) dan terdapat 12 orang peserta Angkatan 2012 yang belum mengikuti UKMPPD (7%). Nilai peserta ujian Komprehensif (63,04), ujian Try Out AIPKI (67,43) dan pada CBT UKMPPD (78,85). Diketahui nilai p lebih kecil dari <0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa “H1 diterima”. Artinya ada hubungan nilai Try Out AIPKI dengan nilai UKMPPD angkatan 2012 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Dari hasil evaluasi nilai kompereshif dan nilai tryout AIPKI terhadap nilai CBT UKMPPD bahwa terdapat hubungan keterkaitan antara variable-variabel yang diteliti.
Pengaruh Wudhu Menjelang Tidur Terhadap Peningkaan Kualitas Tidur Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Eka Dewi Mulyani  , Sri Wahyu  , Rasfayanah  , Rachman Mochammad Erwin , AZ Dahliah , Ham Fransiskus Susanto  , R. Joko Maharto
Published: March 2024

Gangguan dalam kualitas tidur dapat menyebabkan keluhan fisik dan kurangnya konsentrasi seseorang. Wudhu merupakan salah satu metode relaksasi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi gangguan kualitas tidur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh wudhu menjelang tidur terhadap peningktan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa. Metode penelitian adalah Quasi Experimental dengan pendekatan one group pretest – posttest design pada 70 mahasiswa. Teknik sampling menggunakan Simple Random Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pretest pada mahasiswa sebelum diberikan intervensi wudhu. Wudhu menjelang tidur akan dilakukan selama 7 hari berturut – turut. Posttest dilakukan setelah diberikan intervensi wudhu menjelang tidur selama 7 hari berturut – turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata – rata PSQI sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi wudhu menjelang tidur yaitu 8, 54 dan 6,73. Hasil uji wilcoxon signed ranks test diperoleh nilai p value = 0,000 (p value < 0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kualitas tidur yang signifikan setelah melakukan wudhu menjelang tidur.
Pengaruh Abdominal Stretching Exercise Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Haid (Dismenore) Pada Mahasisiwi FK UMI Angkatan 2018
Authors: Nidya Carissa Wahyuni  , Safei Imran , Basri Rezky Pratiwi L , Ananda Fadli , Arifin Arina Fathiyyah , Ana Meliyana  , Yusuf Kidingallo
Published: March 2024

Dismenore merupakan salah satu masalah ginekologi yang paling umum dialami saat masa remaja, sangat mengganggu aktivitas bahkan seringkali mengharuskan penderita beristirahat dan meninggalkan aktivitasnya. Penanganan dismenore dapat juga dilakukan dengan tidak mengkonsumsi obat-obatan atau non farmakologi tanpa harus mengakibatkan efek samping yaitu dengan abdominal stretching untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri perut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh Abdominal Stretching terhadap intensitas nyeri haid (dismenore) pada mahasiswi FK UMI Angkatan 2018. Metode penelitian ini yaitu jenis penelitian adalah pre- experiment dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji wilcoxon diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,000 (p<0,05) artinya terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna latihan abdominal stretching terhadap intensitas nyeri haid pada mahasiswi fakultas kedokteran umi angkatan 2018 dengan dismenore.