bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Table 2 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Top 10 Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets significantly overexpressed in the GBM (A) or LGG (B) groups. β1Highβ3High patient subgroups were compared with the β1Lowβ3Low subgroups
Table 1 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Clinicopathologic data of patients with glioma
Supplementary Table 1 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Clinicopathologic data of tissue donors
Supplementary Movie_5 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

U343MG cells on day 1 after embedding in fibrin
Supplementary Movie_4 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

U373MG cells on day 1 after embedding in fibrin
Supplementary Fig. 6 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

FAK activation in glioblastoma cells embedded in fibrin clot
Supplementary Fig. 5 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Expression of integrin β1 and integrin β3 affects invadopodia formation and growth of primary glioblastoma cells in fibrin clot and plasma clot
Supplementary Fig. 4 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

U87MG, U373MG and U343MG cells were embedded in a 3-dimensional matrix of fibrin and monitored over 3 days using real-time video microscopy
Figure 4 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Growth of GBM cells in fibrin clot and plasma clot depends on integrins β1 and β3. A, Integrins β1, β3, β5, and αV as well as total and activated FAK at Y397 and Y925 were analyzed in subconfluent extracts from U87MG, U373MG, and U343MG GBM cells by immunoblotting. α-tubulin served as a loading control. B, Western blot analysis of integrin β1 and integrin β3 expression and total FAK and FAK activation at Y925 in extracts from U87MG and U373MG cells 3 days after transfection with siRNA against integrins β1 (siβ1) and β3 (siβ3) compared with treatment with control siRNA (siCtrl; B, top). FAK expression after transfection with siRNA against FAK (siFAK) compared with siCtrl (B, bottom). C–F, Fold increase in cell proliferation was analyzed over time in fibrin clot–embedded (C) and plasma clot–embedded (D) U87MG cells and in fibrin clot–embedded (E) and plasma clot–embedded (F) U373MG cells following transfection with siβ1, siβ3, and siRNA against FAK compared with siCtrl by phase-contrast microscopy. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001 compared with siCtrl.
Figure 1 from Clotting Promotes Glioma Growth and Infiltration Through Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase
Authors: Knowles Lynn M. , Wolter Carolin , Linsler Stefan , Müller Simon , Urbschat Steffi , Ketter Ralf , Müller Andreas , Zhou Xiangda , Qu Bin , Senger Sebastian , Geisel Jürgen , Schmidt Tim , Eichler Hermann , Pilch Jan
Published: December 2024

Clotting correlates with GBM progression. A and B, Fibrin formation was assessed in tumor tissues from patients with astrocytoma grade 2 (A2; n = 3), astrocytoma grade 3 (A3; n = 3), or GBM (n = 3) compared with healthy brain tissue (Control; n = 3) by fluorescence microscopy. A, Representative images of fibrinogen (green) in GBM and healthy brain tissue are shown. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 100 μm. B, Percentage of fibrin(ogen)-positive areas per optical field. C–E, Primary tumor cells freshly isolated from patients with astrocytoma grade 2 (A2, n = 2), astrocytoma grade 3 (A3, n = 3), or GBM (n = 12) were embedded in a 3D matrix of PC, FC, or Matrigel BM. Representative phase-contrast images are shown after 4 days in high magnification. Black arrows show invadopodia. Scale bar, 100 μm (C). D, Invadopodia-positive tumor cells were counted as percent of total per optical field after 4 days of embedding in PC, FC, or BM. E, Proliferation was assessed per optical field as fold increase of cells after 4 days of embedding. The dotted line reflects baseline cell numbers. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. BM, basement membrane; FC, fibrin clot; n.s., nonsignificant; PC, plasma clot.
Role of Immunocytochemistry in The Cytological Diagnosis of mesothelioma
Authors: Michael Claire W. , Rodgers Shannon Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Background:
Mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy of the serosal surfaces with very poor prognosis. It traditionally manifests in older patients and at an advanced stage which results in minimal improvement in prognosis despite the recent advances in management. Early detection would therefore significantly impact management and potentially improve survival. Mesothelioma frequently presents with recurrent effusions, posing cytology as the initial procedure in the workup. A definitive diagnosis would not only spare the patients additional diagnostic procedures but also potentially afford them an opportunity for early surgical intervention and therapy.
Summary:
In this article we review the role of immunocytochemistry (ICC) in the work up of mesothelioma. The various ICC markers to confirm or rule out mesothelial lineage are reviewed. In addition, newly introduced molecular surrogates that confirm the malignant nature of the mesothelial cells and support a definitive diagnosis of mesothelioma are discussed. We also briefly discuss the theranostic implications of such markers and potential impact of such recent advances on the cytological diagnosis and reporting of mesothelioma.
Key messages:
The cytological diagnosis of mesothelioma no longer requires the extensive expertise in morphological analysis and can be offered based on supporting ICC that confirms the mesothelial lineage and malignant nature of the cells.
Deep Learning-Based Detection of Malignant Bile Duct Stenosis in Fluoroscopy Images of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Vu Trung Kien , Hollenbach Marcus , Veldhuizen Gregory Patrick , Saldanha Oliver Lester , Garbe Jakob , Rosendahl Jonas , Krug Sebastian , Michl Patrick , Feisthammel Jürgen , Karlas Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Hoffmeister Albrecht , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The accurate distinction between benign and malignant biliary strictures (BS) poses a significant challenge. Despite the use of bile duct biopsies and brush cytology via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), the results remain suboptimal. Single-operator cholangioscopy can enhance the diagnostic yield in BS, but its limited availability and high costs are substantial barriers. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based systems may improve the diagnostic process and enhance reproducibility. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of using deep learning to differentiate BS using fluoroscopy images during ERCP.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients (n=251) from three university centers in Germany (Leipzig, Dresden, Halle) who underwent ERCP. We developed and evaluated a deep learning-based model using fluoroscopy images. The performance of the classifier was evaluated by measuring the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and we utilized saliency map analyses to understand the decision-making process of the model.
Results: In cross-validation experiments, malignant BS were detected with a mean AUROC of 0.89 ± 0.03. The test set of the Leipzig cohort demonstrated an AUROC of 0.90. In two independent external validation cohorts (Dresden, Halle), the deep learning-based classifier achieved an AUROC of 0.72 and 0.76, respectively. The artificial intelligence model's predictions identified plausible characteristics within the fluoroscopy images.
Conclusion: By using a deep learning model, we were able to discriminate malignant BS from benign biliary conditions. The application of artificial intelligence enhances the diagnostic yield of malignant BS and should be validated in a prospective design.
Energy storage participation for frequency regulation of microgrid in PV-dominated power system
Authors: Singh Nirdesh , Jain Dinesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The frequency stability of a power grid is effectively managed through the inertia and power reserves supplied by synchronous generators. Due to increasing concerns about the greenhouse effect and global warming, renewable energy sources (or microgrids) are increasingly replacing traditional fossil fuel-based methods of electricity generation. As microgrid deployment proliferates, power systems' inherent complexity and non-linear dynamics have escalated, rendering conventional controllers inadequate across diverse operating conditions. Factors such as reduced energy inertia, heightened penetration of renewable energy sources, and significant power fluctuations within confined transmission systems have heightened the vulnerability of microgrid frequencies to instability. This paper elucidates the concept of microgrids, examines frequency fluctuations in the presence of solar and diesel generators alongside load variations, and presents simulation-based analyses. Moreover, it provides a succinct overview of frequency control methodologies. Validation outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller in maintaining system frequency amidst fluctuating load demands and renewable energy inputs.
A novel fast MPPT strategy with high efficiency for fast changing irradiance in PV systems
Authors: Anjappa Pujari , Gowd K. Jithendra
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses about the photovoltaic (PV) system novel non-iterative maximum power point tracking algorithm with faster converging speed under varying solar irradiation level. PV system is a scattered renewable energy resource and a safe environmental energy source. However, the PV power oscillates around MPP value due to the fluctuations of temperature and insolation effects, leading to nonlinear maximum power tracking issues. For each change in atmospheric condition, output of the PV system changes necessitating the need to search for new maximum power conditions. An efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device that improves the power transmitting efficiency along with a suitable high frequency direct current (DC) to DC power converter device are required for efficient operation. Finally, a comparison is made between existing MPPT algorithms and proposed novel non-iterative MPPT algorithm. The proposed MPPT system show that the overall tracking speed of the proposed MPPT is 5.6 times, 3.8 times faster than perturb and observe (P&O) method and INC method respectively. During the variation of irradiance, the power loss is reduced by 18.84% and 11.29% in comparison with P&O and INC method. The proposed method also minimizes the steady state oscillations.
Fabrication of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-based solar cells using RF-PECVD
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Wibowo Wahyu Kunto
Published: December 2024

Thin-film solar cells made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon have succeeded in crystallization technologies as a less expensive alternative because of their straightforward design, sparse material requirements, low processing temperatures, and cheap manufacturing costs. A multi-chamber plasma-accelerated chemical vapor deposition apparatus driven by radio frequency was used to create the intrinsic and extrinsic layers of the a-Si: H solar cell. Multi-chamber allows us to upgrade each layer of the gadget utilizing a distinct space, preventing cross-contamination throughout the procedure. To enhance cell conversion efficiency, a thorough analysis has been conducted in this work to evaluate the manufacturing process and comprehend the link between process factors and property dependency. Our findings demonstrate an amorphous Si: H solar cell with a maximum cell efficiency of 6.52%, Voc 880 mV, Isc 11.33 mA/cm2, and FF 65%. We think that a modeling method followed by manufacturing can further enhance the performance of a-Si: H-based solar cell devices.
Optimal control of the UPFC for the stability of electrical networks
Authors: Ababsia Houria , Dib Djalel , Djeddi Abdelghani
Published: December 2024

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a crucial element in contemporary power systems, specifically engineered to augment the manageability and adaptability of power transmission in electrical networks. UPFC provides instantaneous modifications to voltage magnitude, phase angle, and line impedance by using sophisticated power electronics and control algorithms. This research examines the function of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) in enhancing the power quality of electrical networks. The UPFC's capacity to dynamically regulate and optimize power flow assists in minimizing voltage fluctuations, decreasing transmission line losses, and improving system stability. In addition, UPFC effectively addresses problems such as voltage sags, swells, and flickers, hence enhancing the resilience and dependability of the power supply. This research highlights the importance of unified power flow control (UPFC) technology in improving system performance and power quality of electrical networks via a thorough examination of its applications. This article presents research on the performance of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) device in a network, specifically focusing on the use of PID and FO-PID controllers for regulating active and passive power.
Diderot: a descoberta das técnicas
Authors: Werle Marco Aurélio
Published: December 2024

Ao abordar a estética de Diderot à luz da passagem das metafísicas do belo ao protagonismo discursivo da dimensão técnica das artes na história das ideias, o texto desenvolve-se em três momentos distintos. Primeiro, situa-se a particularidade da contribuição diderotiana no debate histórico sobre a questão do belo desde o século XVII. Segundo, aborda-se em Diderot o questionamento da arte desde um ponto de vista mais concreto, voltado para a relação entre os objetos no interior do processo artístico, mas balizada com a perspectiva do belo herdada do empirismo. Terceiro, a fim de ilustrar o procedimento diderotiano, propõe-se um estudo sobre a questão da moral em seu romance, A religiosa. O intuito é mostrar como Diderot manipula conjugadamente, por meio de inúmeros “desvios” e “combinações” de caracteres, tanto o conflito tematizado entre os códigos europeus de conduta quanto as várias instâncias do plano das relações humanas, das linhas de força “técnicas” nestas atuantes.
Baroreflex Sensitivity and Long-Term Dementia Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Ma Yuan , Zhang Yiwen , Hamaya Rikuta , Westerhof Berend E. , Shaltout Hossam A. , Kavousi Maryam , Mattace-Raso Francesco , Hofman Albert , Wolters Frank J. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is linked to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is undetermined.

METHODS:

We tested the hypothesis that impaired BRS is associated with increased dementia risk in 1819 older adults (63% women; age, 71.0±6.3 years) from the community-based Rotterdam Study. Cardiac BRS was determined from a 5-minute beat-to-beat BP recording at supine rest between 1997 and 1999. Cardiac BRS measures the correlation between changes in consecutive beat-to-beat systolic BP and subsequent responses in heartbeat intervals, with a higher value indicating better BRS. The primary outcome was incident dementia ascertained from baseline through January 1, 2020; the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 421 participants developed dementia. The association of cardiac BRS with dementia risk differed by antihypertensive medication use (
P
interaction
=0.03) and was only observed in participants not taking antihypertensives. Specifically, in those not taking antihypertensive medication, reduced BRS was associated with a higher risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio comparing bottom versus top quintiles, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.07–2.40];
P
trend
=0.02). Reduced BRS was also associated with an increased risk of death (corresponding hazard ratio, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.32–2.35]). The association remained after adjusting for average BP and BP variability.

CONCLUSIONS:

Impaired BRS partly explains hypertension-related brain damage and excessive dementia risk beyond conventional BP measures, making it a potential novel biomarker for the early detection and prevention of dementia.
Writing Proficiency Development of Spanish Heritage Language Learners: Does Starting Proficiency Matter?
Authors: Gatti Alberta , Graves Syelle , Durán Urrea Evelyn
Published: December 2024

This study investigates to what extent heritage language learners’ (HLL) functional writing proficiency can increase after one semester of instruction. The study assessed 134 Spanish HLLs enrolled in a post-secondary heritage language course at the start and end of one semester, with a standardized measure following protocols of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Writing Proficiency Test (WPT) and Guidelines. Statistically significant results of contingency table analyses indicate that (1) HLLs can make gains in proficiency after one semester of instruction, but that not many do, and (2) a gain is more likely the lower the starting proficiency level of the writer. These results offer a tentative baseline for understanding the development of functional writing proficiency in Spanish HLLs. Implications for instruction are also discussed, including the advantages of placing learners by proficiency.
The Causes and Consequences of Loving International Organizations: A Reply to Jean D’Aspremont
Authors: Daugirdas Kristina
Published: December 2024

In observing a pervasive love for international organizations and prompting readers to notice and to interrogate its causes and consequences, Jean d’Aspremont makes an important and urgent contribution. This essay raises doubts about some of the drivers of love that d’Aspremont identifies while acknowledging that the community of scholars and practitioners whose work focuses on international organizations does seem to share such an affection. D’Aspremont observes that we temper and confine our critcisms of international organizations, seeking reform and incremental change rather than radical disruption. He labels this particular kind of “criticability” of international organizations a driver of love for them. But it is better characterised as a consequence of love—and an important one, because it highlights questions we’re not asking and possibilities we’re not considering. As members of a professional community, we must continuously ask ourselves what we’re assuming, what we’re resisting, and what we’re missing—and make sure that we constitute our professional community in a way that corrects for our individual blind spots instead of replicating them.
Do We Know What We Love When We Say that We Love International Organizations?
Authors: Reinisch August
Published: December 2024

International organizations have fascinated international lawyers for decades. Part of this attraction may be the difficulty of defining them. This contribution argues that identifying typical characteristics could be the most appropriate way of getting a better understanding of what international organizations are.
International and Regional Organizations: An Asian Perspective
Authors: Gulecha Anmol
Published: December 2024

As Jean d’Aspremont extols the concept of love for international organizations, it’s notable that, unlike the African Union or the European Union, Asia lacks a region-wide international organization. Additionally, from an international perspective, Asia is often seen as under-participating in organizations such as the United Nations. This raises the question: what is the Asian perspective on Jean d’Aspremont’s discourse regarding love for international organizations? An examination of examples from both regional and international organizations reveals that Asian states’ approach to the notion of love for international organizations is marked by ‘mixed feelings’. The perspective of Asian states is characterised by a conflict between the preservation of state sovereignty and the effective functioning of international organizations themselves.
Excursus: Friendship in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Matigari
Authors: Annin Felicia
Published: December 2024

Ngũgĩ’s propagation of his socio-political vision depends importantly on the representation of intimate relationships across his fiction. Intimate relationships characterised by romantic love seem to be a consistent focal point in Ngũgĩ’s oeuvre. However, in Matigari (1987), the penultimate novel he published, Ngũgĩ’s narrative suggests the possibility of the exploration of another central romantic relationship, but, unexpectedly, the novel commutes romantic love into friendship. This is the case since friendship serves as the foundation on which almost all the intimate relationships that have been identified in the earlier novels is built. This paper focuses on friendship rather than romantic love in the novel, Matigari. There is an exploration of a strong bond between Matigari and Gũthera to fight the oppressor and to set the oppressed free.
Phylogeography and genetic diversity of some Sinocalanus species (Copepoda, Calanoida, Centropagidae) detected in inland and estuarine waters of China
Authors: Xiao Leyao , Deng Zhixiong , Shi Yichen , Blair David , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo
Published: December 2024

In spite of the important ecological roles of copepods, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain largely unexplored in China. Here, we investigated the taxonomy and diversity of some Sinocalanus species (Copepoda, Calanoida, Centropagidae) in China. We observed two morphospecies (S. tenellus and S. doerrii) from this genus in 42 of 636 Chinese waterbodies examined. Molecular phylogenies inferred from a mitochondrial (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; COI) and a nuclear marker (the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene; 18S) verified the identities of these species and allowed us to amend previous misidentifications. Pronounced ecological separation between the two Sinocalanus species detected was found: S. doerrii inhabited freshwaters and was widely distributed across China, whereas S. tenellus was mainly found in brackish estuaries. One clade of S. doerrii had been misidentified (based on molecular data only) as S. tenellus in previous works, with consequent mislabeling of the sequences uploaded to GenBank. Additionally, we detected a new mitochondrial lineage of S. tenellus, most frequently in Jiaozhou Bay, China, whereas its sibling lineage was distributed in estuaries along the coasts of the East China Sea. Our study contributes to understanding the taxonomy and genetic diversity of the genus Sinocalanus in Chinese freshwater and brackish-water ecosystems.
An attempt at categorizing clitics in an Arabic variety
Authors: El Zarka Dina , Ziagos Sandra , Leitner Bettina
Published: December 2024

The process of building a linguistic corpus involves a variety of problems when it comes to annotation. One of the notoriously difficult issues concerns the classification and annotation of clitics. The proposed solutions range from a general doubt about the need for a separate class of clitics to innovative categorizations, specifically when dealing with the affix-versus-clitic challenge. The present contribution aims at highlighting the problems that arise in this context by providing an insight into the creation of a linguistic corpus for a hitherto undescribed variety of Arabic within the documentation project The Language of the Arab Minority in Southern Iran (AiS) and discussing concrete strategies for solving them. In doing so, it adds to the literature on Arabic linguistics and to the general discussion about clitics by addressing a linguistic problem that has not been systematically investigated for Arabic.
Implementation of International Human Rights Law during Situations of Violence: The Central Asian Experience
Authors: Atadjanov Rustam
Published: December 2024

The Central Asian region is periodically prone to turbulent and destabilizing events. Many human rights challenges arise, with multiple violations and restrictions of individual human rights and freedoms (e.g., civil and political rights) taking place, during, but also as a short-term and long-term result of these tumultuous events. Existing (or non-existent) legal frameworks have played an instrumental part in this status quo. It is important to scrutinize the abovementioned challenges and factors, and propose potentially workable solutions to address the problems in this area. With the use of legal analytical, historical and comparative methods, this paper reviews and systematizes some major situations involving violence which have taken place on the territory of five Central Asian States, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, since they gained independence in the early 1990s. It will subsequently consider specific types of human rights and freedoms that were affected by the said events, in accordance with the accepted terminology of international human rights law (IHRL). The paper analyzes the relevant general and specific challenges, including those that may be attributed to local contextual factors. The author argues that all the problems and challenges that have been considered may be overcome only upon condition that the suggested strategies and measures – legal, educational, social, etc., are implemented in a systematic and principled way. The piece discusses what exactly the noted trends in the implementation of international human rights standards mean in terms of international law perspectives in the region, and how those regional perspectives may have been affected by local or regional conflicts and emergencies. Finally, the author briefly offers a number of potential solutions to the said challenges, including but not limited to, legislative and IHRL domestic implementation measures (legal), teaching and instructional reforms (educational), and others.
On the Importance of Provisional Measures in Ukraine’s Cases against Russia
Authors: Gapsa Miłosz
Published: December 2024

Since 2014, one of Ukraine’s responses to Russia’s activities in and against it has been to initiate inter-State proceedings. In the vast majority of these cases, Ukraine requested provisional measures, and they have only been denied once. This article argues that Ukraine’s cases against Russia exemplify the strategic use of provisional measures. They allow the requesting State to gain an advantage in bargaining, altering the mutual relationship between the parties and the cost and loss account of the proceedings. However, reducing their purpose solely to strategic motivations oversimplifies their significance and neglects the crucial role of an international court. Their grant is not automatic, as demonstrated in three of Ukraine’s cases against Russia. Each time, the approach was subtly different and was subsequently rigorously evaluated by the International Court of Justice.
Neogene Myrtaceae fossil woods from the Ituzaingó Formation, Paraná Basin, northeastern Argentina: Anatomical, systematic and palaeoenvironmental insights
Authors: Franco M. Jimena , Martinez Martinez Camila , Brea Mariana
Published: December 2024

The Myrtaceae family is predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, in particular in Australia and South America. This study describes two fossil woods with distinctive Myrtaceae anatomy from the Late Miocene of South America. The specimens were preserved by siliceous cellular permineralization. The anatomic features of Uruguayanoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. and Uruguayanoxylon aff. striata Bolzon & Cardoso Marchiori 2002, were described in detail. Uruguaianoxylon ragoneseae sp. nov. shows strong similarities to Myrcia DC. ex Guill., while Uruguaianoxylon aff. striata is more closely related to Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Ber. The presence of Myrtaceae fossil woods in the Miocene sediments of Entre Ríos, Argentina, expands our understanding of their evolutionary history and palaeobiogeography, indicating wider historical distributions potentially linked to humid or seasonally dry tropical and subtropical forests. These results underline the significant climatic and environmental changes that have occurred since the Miocene and have influenced the distribution and diversity of Myrtaceae species. Also, their remarkable ability to adapt to different humid conditions. This study provides new insights into the taxonomic composition of the palaeoflora in the Ituzaingó Formation from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.
An Improved Convection Parameterization with Detailed Aerosol–Cloud Microphysics for a Global Model
Authors: Jadav Arti , Waman Deepak , Pant Chandra Shekhar , Patade Sachin , Gautam Martanda , Phillips Vaughan , Bansemer Aaron , Barahona Donifan , Storelmov Trude
Published: December 2024

A new microphysical treatment that includes aerosol–cloud interactions and secondary ice production (SIP) mechanisms is implemented in the convection scheme of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 6 (CAM6). The approach is to embed a 1D Lagrangian parcel model in the bulk convective plume of the existing deep convection parameterization. Aerosol activation, growth processes including collision/coalescence, and three processes of SIP mechanisms, two of which are normally overlooked in atmospheric models, are represented in this embedded parcel model. These microphysical processes are treated with a hybrid bin/bulk scheme and a high spatial and temporal resolution for the integration of the embedded parcel in 1D, allowing vertical velocity to determine the microphysical evolution following the in-cloud motion during ascent. Simulations of an observed case (Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment) of a mesoscale convective system in Oklahoma, United States, with a single-column model (SCAM) version of CAM, are compared with aircraft in situ and ground-based observations of microphysical properties from the convection and precipitation. Results from the validation show the new microphysical scheme has a good representation of the ice initiation in the bulk convective plume, including the known and empirically quantified pathways of primary and secondary initiation, with benefits for the accuracy of properties of its supercooled cloud liquid. The sensitivity simulations and use of tagging tracers for the validated simulation confirm that the newly included SIP mechanisms are of paramount importance for convective microphysics and can be successfully treated in the global model.
Diagnostic Value of Joint Detection of Serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for Gastric Cancer and Its Relationship With Clinicopathologic Features and Prognosis
Authors: Sun Aiwen , Chen Hui , Shi Xiaojuan , Shang Zhanmin , Zhang Jishun
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of joint detection of serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.

Methods

The 105 gastric cancer patients were enrolled. The diagnostic value of serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 for gastric cancer and the relationship between these indicators and the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients were evaluated. During the follow-up period, recurrence, metastasis, and death were considered as poor prognosis. The relationships between serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels and poor prognosis and factors affecting the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed.

Results

TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels in the gastric cancer group were higher; serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels were higher in gastric cancer patients with tumor diameters ≥3 cm, TNM stages III and IV, low/moderate degree of differentiation, infiltration depths of the muscular or plasma layer, and lymphatic metastases; AUC of combined TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 (0.894) was higher than that of the four indicators alone; the percentage of gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis in patients with low serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels was lower; serum TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 levels were factors influencing poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Elevated serum levels of TK1, TSGF, CA199, and CA724 are associated with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis of gastric cancer and may be used as serum biomarkers for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer patients.
Cripistemologies of Teacher Education: Centering Disabled Ways of Knowing in Learning to Teach
Authors: Siuty Molly Baustien , Meyer Kathryn M.
Published: December 2024

Extant research demonstrates the deeply embedded intersections of racism and ableism in school systems. In response, researchers have proposed DisCrit Classroom Ecology as a framework for teaching and learning that rejects the deficit positioning of multiply-marginalized students and reimagines schooling to amplify their assets. However, little is known about the enactment of these pedagogies by disabled and multiply-marginalized teacher candidates (TCs). This study used DisCrit Classroom Ecology and cripistemology as a conceptual frame to examine how four disabled TCs engaged in culture circles to implement anti-ableist and antiracist pedagogy. Our findings show that disabled and multiply-marginalized TCs offered significant insight into the process of learning to teach but also highlighted the ways in which ableism gets normalized as a standard for teaching proficiency, thus creating unique challenges for disabled TCs to navigate. Implications for teacher education and future research are explored.
A comparison of walking performance between individuals with and without asymptomatic peripheral artery disease using the six-minute walk test and the incremental shuttle walk test
Authors: Nantakool Sothida , Chuatrakoon Busaba , Sittichoke Cattaleeya , Konghakote Supatcha , Rerkasem Kittipan , Buranapin Supawan , Kanlayanee Sawat , Pothaya Natthaset , Kidarn Jitbergbarn
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Two walking tests including the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) are widely used to evaluate functional ability in individuals with disease conditions. However, it remains unclear whether these walking tests effectively manifest clinical impairment in individuals with asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed (i) to compare the walking performance of individuals with and without asymptomatic PAD using the 6MWT and ISWT, and (ii) to investigate the correlation between ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index (ABI-TBI) and the walking distance.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, crossover, matched pairs design was employed in this study. Asymptomatic PAD was diagnosed using ABI-TBI measurements. Seventy-six participants (38 with asymptomatic PAD and 38 without PAD) were randomly ordered to perform the walking tests. During the 6MWT, participants walked along the 30-meter corridor at their self-selected pace for six minutes, and the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) covered was recorded. In the ISWT, participants walked at a 12 prescribed speed level, and the incremental shuttle walk distance (ISWD) covered was recorded.

Results:

Result revealed no difference in 6MWD between individuals with asymptomatic PAD and without PAD (mean distance: 501.6 m vs 516.8 m, p = 0.24). Asymptomatic PAD individuals exhibited a significantly shorter ISWD than those without PAD (median distance: 270 m vs 340 m, p = 0.003). No participants reported any leg pain symptoms during the 6MWT and ISWT. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the right leg TBI and ISWD in all participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

Individuals with asymptomatic PAD demonstrated poorer walking performance than those without PAD when assessed using ISWT but not the 6MWT. Asymptomatic PAD is also associated with diminished walking performance during the ISWT. Thus, ISWT may show the clinical impairment in this population.
Evaluating the suitability of incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash, polypropylene fibers, and sea sand-seawater in enhancing physico-mechanical properties of lightweight foamed concrete
Authors: Chau Vinh Ngoc , Ho Lanh Si , Hoang Tuan Quoc , Dang Viet Quoc
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the feasibility of replacing traditional components, such as Portland cement, river sand and tap water with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), polypropylene (PP) fibers, and sea sand-seawater (SSSW) in lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC) production. SCBA was used in the range from 0 to 15% as cement replacement, and PP fibers were used with dosage from 0% to 1% by volume of LWFC. Meanwhile, SSSW was used to completely replace river sand and tap water. The investigation delves into the fundamental physico-mechanical properties of LWFC, encompassing compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. The incorporation of SCBA initially displayed a negative impact on the early strength of LWFC, which was mitigated by the favorable effects of PP fibers and SSSW. At later ages, SCBA contributed to increased compressive strength, yet a threshold level was identified beyond which excessive SCBA adversely affected this strength property. Furthermore, statistical regression analyses were employed to interpret test results, revealing promising findings. A regression model was proposed to predict splitting tensile strength LWFC from corresponding compressive strength, yielding an R 2 of 0.74. Lastly, utilizing SCBA as cement replacement and incorporating SSSW into LWFC production resulted in reduced water absorption.
The (re)enchantment of suburbia: Mediation of the production and consumption of Melbourne’s outer suburbs
Authors: Phelps Nicholas A , Alam Ashraful
Published: December 2024

Contemporary suburban landscapes have developed at scale, in variety, at speed and with ethnic concentrations or superdiversity. These complexities call for the reworking of urban theory and method. In this paper we contribute on both fronts. We develop an interpretative framework that emphasises the mediation of the production and consumption of new suburbs. Methodologically, we analyse on-site billboards as ‘technologies of enchantment’ that provide insight into the symbolic mediation of the production and consumption of new suburbs. We visually inspected 114 billboards and 38 active residential developments in the City of Wyndham – a rapidly growing suburban municipality in Australia. Our research sheds empirical light on how increasingly standardised production and consumption by an increasingly varied profile of residents are reconciled in the symbolic (re)enchantment of suburbanism as a way of life. Our findings indicate the value of future research into: ways of life in systemically produced suburbs; the agency needed to fashion community in extensive mass produced suburbs; and new forms of consumer society-related alienation in suburbia.
The Health and Quality of Life of Dutch Peacekeeping Veterans, 40 Years After the Mission, and Their Association With Deployment-Related Stressors
Authors: Duel Jacco , Reijnen Alieke
Published: December 2024

The long-term effects of a peacekeeping deployment on veterans’ health and quality of life are relatively neglected in the literature. We tested the hypothesis that stressors experienced during a peacekeeping mission about 40 years ago are associated with the health and quality of life of Dutch peacekeeping veterans while taking postdeployment life events and coping styles into account. In total, 785 Dutch UNIFIL (1979–1985) veterans were surveyed about their physical and mental health, quality of life, combat experiences, aftermath of battle experiences, and perceived threat, life events, and coping. Overall, Dutch UNIFIL veterans do fine. However, almost one in five is (still) struggling with their mental health. From the deployment stressors, only perceived threat is negatively associated with veterans’ mental health and quality of life. Our findings show that the influence of subjective deployment stressors should be addressed to better understand the long-term health outcomes of peacekeeping veterans.
Trajectory tracking of a quadrotor using model predictive and backstepping control with anti-disturbance compensation subjected to variations in the center of gravity
Authors: Ebrahimpour Derakhshan Reza , Danesh Mohammad
Published: December 2024

The trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is done in this paper in the presence of changes in the center of gravity due to the variations of a connected load mass and its position, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainties. At first, dynamic equations are obtained using Newton–Euler relations, and then a two-loop control architecture is designed for the trajectory tracking task. Backstepping and model predictive control are used in the inner and outer loops, respectively. An extended disturbance observer is adopted to improve disturbance rejection capabilities in both loops. For the six-degrees-of-freedom unmanned aerial vehicle, the effects of time-varying mass, which leads to the change in the moment of inertia and center of gravity of the system, together with external disturbances and parametric uncertainties are taken into account. It is possible to mount an arbitrary number of different point masses at arbitrary positions on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The proposed control scheme is evaluated using simulation in the presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. According to the simulation results, the developed control scheme can achieve stable flight under different conditions.
‘Older People are not Allowed to be old Anymore’: Representation, Stereotyping and Psychological Impact of Ageism in the Fashion media
Authors: Bardey Aurore , Radclyffe-Thomas Natascha , Tassell Catriona , Labruère Chazal Catherine , Pejsak Nia
Published: December 2024

While longer life expectancy draws older people into the spotlight, there is still a need for more consideration and representation of the older population. Using a three-study approach, the present research aimed to evaluate the representation of older consumers, stereotyping, and the psychological impact of ageism. Our study 1 highlighted a limited and stereotypical representation of older models in fashion magazines. Our study 2 underlined older people's negative attitude toward fashion media's ideal of beauty and their denial regarding the consequences of their invisibility. Our Study 3 showed that older people's invisibility negatively impacts fashion involvement, body esteem, and self-esteem but does not impact fashion involvement, body image and well-being. The present research suggests key insights that can help academics and practitioners promote healthy ageing in marketing.
Machine learning to predict adverse drug events based on electronic health records: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Qiaozhi , Li Jiafeng , Li Xiaoqi , Zou Dan , Xu Ting , He Zhiyao
Published: December 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of machine learning (ML) in predicting multiple adverse drug events (ADEs) using electronic health record (EHR) data.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE Xplore from database inception until 21 November 2023. Studies that developed ML models for predicting multiple ADEs based on EHR data were included.

Results

Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty ML methods were reported, most commonly random forest (RF, n = 9), followed by AdaBoost (n = 4), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (n = 3), and support vector machine (n = 3). The mean area under the summary receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26–0.95). RF combined with resampling-based approaches achieved high AUCs (0.9448–0.9457). The common risk factors of ADEs included the length of hospital stay, number of prescribed drugs, and admission type. The pooled estimated AUC was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.68–0.75).

Conclusions

Future studies should adhere to more rigorous reporting standards and consider new ML methods to facilitate the application of ML models in clinical practice.
Mechanistic study on the utilisation and mineral formation of incineration fly ash in sintering
Authors: Yang Bingrun , Li Jian , Wu Wenhe
Published: December 2024

Fly ash, a significant byproduct of municipal solid waste incineration, garners attention for its harmless treatment and resource utilisation. Existing research has demonstrated the viability of incorporating fly ash into the sintering process and explored its influence on the sintering bonding phase. In the context of co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration residues through sintering, it is imperative to consider the mineralisation characteristics, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of sinter strength and metallurgical performance. In this investigation, the process is validated on an expanded scale using sintering cup experiments. The results indicate that the experimental group with a basicity of 2 and the inclusion of fly ash exhibits sinter strength in line with actual production requirements, its drop index is 76.03%, and its drum index is 77.2%. Additionally, the reduction velocity index is recorded at 0.573% min−1, the reduction degradation index for RDI+3.15 at 92% and the total characteristic value of melting properties ( S) at 99.175 KPa·°C—nearly equivalent to the control group with matching alkali conditions. The technology roadmap was verified by sintering cup experiment, offering vital theoretical support for the development of sintering process in the collaborative treatment of incineration fly ash.