bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-field cavity optomechanical coupling in a compound semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Asano Motoki , Zhang Guoqiang , Tawara Takehiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Hajime
Published: December 2020

A III-V compound semiconductor nanowire is an attractive material for a novel hybrid quantum interface that interconnects photons, electrons, and phonons through a wavelength-tunable quantum structure embedded in its free-standing structure. In such a nanomechanical element, however, a challenge is how to detect and manipulate a small number of phonons via its tiny mechanical motion. A solution would be to couple an optical cavity to a nanowire by introducing the ‘cavity optomechanics' framework, but the typical size difference between them becomes a barrier to achieving this. Here, we demonstrate near-field coupling of a silica microsphere cavity and an epitaxially grown InP/InAs free-standing nanowire. The evanescent optomechanical coupling enables not only fine probing of the nanowire’s mechanical motion by balanced homodyne interferometry but also tuning of the resonance frequency, linewidth, Duffing nonlinearity, and vibration axis in it. Combining this cavity optomechanics with epitaxial nanowire engineering opens the way to novel quantum metrology and information processing.
A highly-enhanced electrochemiluminescence luminophore generated by a metal–organic framework-linked perylene derivative and its application for ractopamine assay
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Jiang Ding , Wang Yuru , Li Haibo , Shan Xueling , Wang Wenchang , Chen Zhidong
Published: December 2020

Herein, a sensitive and efficient ECL aptasensor for the quantitation of RAC was constructed.
A twin-axial pseudorotaxane for phosphorescence cell imaging
Authors: Ma Xin-Kun , Zhang Ying-Ming , Yu Qilin , Zhang Haoyang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Yu
Published: December 2020

A twin-axial pseudorotaxane is constructed using a phenylpyridine salt with diethanolamine (DA-PY) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and it not only displays phosphorescence in aqueous solution but it can also be used for targeted cell-imaging.
Catalytic bias in oxidation–reduction catalysis
Authors: Mulder David W. , Peters John W. , Raugei Simone
Published: December 2020

Under steady state conditions, the differential stability of reaction intermediates can alter the rate and the direction of a catalytic process regardless the overall underlying thermodynamic driving force.
Aryl-substituted triarsiranes: synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Schumann André , Bresien Jonas , Fischer Malte , Hering-Junghans Christian
Published: December 2020

Cyclotriarsanes are rare and described herein is a scalable synthetic protocol towards aryl-substituted derivatives. Their reactivity towards [Cp2Ti(C2(SiMe3)2)], affording titanocene diarsene complexes, and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is discussed.
Arylene–hexaynylene and –octaynylene macrocycles: extending the polyyne chains drives self-association by enhanced dispersion force
Authors: Kato Shin-ichiro , Kumagai Ryo , Abe Tsukasa , Higuchi Chisa , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Takahashi Nobutaka , Yamamoto Koji , Hossain Md Zakir , Hayashi Kazuhiro , Hirose Takashi , Nakamura Yosuke
Published: December 2020

We synthesized arylene–alkynylene macrocycles containing hexayne and octayne, which enables quantitative analysis of self-association constants depending on the length of the polyyne chains for the first time.
Viologen-derived material showing photochromic, visually oxygen responsive, and photomodulated luminescence behaviors
Authors: Li Zhao-Hao , Xue Li-Ping , Mu Yun-Jing , Zhao Bang-Tun
Published: December 2020

A new 2D viologen-derived Zn(ii) photochromic material exhibits photochromic, visually oxygen responsive, and photomodulated luminescent behaviors.
Metallic and anti-metallic properties of hydrogen adsorbed AnO2 (An = Th, U, and Pu) surfaces
Authors: Qiu Ruizhi , Tang Jun , Chen Jinfan , Ao Bingyun
Published: December 2020

The effect of atomic hydrogen adsorption on AnO2 (An = Th, U, and Pu) surfaces is studied in the framework of density functional theory and Hubbard-corrected density functional theory.
Switching from an electride-like molecule to the molecular electride K-F6C6H6 driven by an oriented external electric field
Authors: Wang Yin-Feng , Qin Tian , Wang Jia-Jun , Liu Xue-Xia , Wang Zhi-Jun , Huang Jiangen , Li Jia , Li Zhi-Ru
Published: December 2020

An electric field can drive an electride-like molecule K-F6C6H6 (1) to switch to a molecular electride K-F6C6H6⋯e− (3) through another electride-like molecule K-F6C6H6 (2).
Correction: Dissociative detachment of the fluoroformate anion
Authors: Shirman Eugene , Shahi Abhishek , Continetti Robert E. , Strasser Daniel
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘Dissociative detachment of the fluoroformate anion’ by Eugene Shirman et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04283h.
Scalable crystalline porous membranes: current state and perspectives
Authors: Kang Zixi , Guo Hailing , Fan Lili , Yang Ge , Feng Yang , Sun Daofeng , Mintova Svetlana
Published: December 2020

This review summarizes the scalable preparation strategies and performance of crystalline porous membranes.
Enumeration and characterization of five pathogenic Legionella species from large research and educational buildings
Authors: Logan-Jackson Alshae' R. , Flood Matthew , Rose Joan B.
Published: December 2020

This graph compares the potential amplification of Legionella spp. and specific pathogenic species in the premise plumbing of five buildings.
Electro-oxidative C–H alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with organoboron compounds
Authors: Niu Kaikai , Hao Yanke , Song Lingyun , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: December 2020

We report herein a mild electrolytic method for efficient C–H alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with organoboron compounds via radical addition to form C–C coupled products.
Three-component heteroannulation for tetrasubstituted furan construction enabled by successive defluorination and dual sulfonylation relay
Authors: Cai Song-Zhou , Ge Danhua , Sun Li-Wen , Rao Weidong , Wang Xin , Shen Zhi-Liang , Chu Xue-Qiang
Published: December 2020

An efficient method for the facile assembly of fluoroalkylated tetrasubstituted furan derivatives via a three-component cascade reaction of polyfluoroalkyl peroxide with sulfinates was developed.
Flexural wave-based soft attractor walls for trapping microparticles and cells
Authors: Aghakhani Amirreza , Cetin Hakan , Erkoc Pelin , Tombak Guney Isik , Sitti Metin
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a flexural-wave acoustofluidic system for trapping micron-sized particles and cells at the soft wall boundaries, by exploiting resonance frequencies of a standard microscope glass slide (1 mm thick) <200 kHz.
An unfused-ring acceptor with high side-chain economy enabling 11.17% as-cast organic solar cells
Authors: Du Fuqiang , Wang Hongtao , Zhang Zhuohan , Yang Linqiang , Cao Jinru , Yu Jiangsheng , Tang Weihua
Published: December 2020

Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole cored unfused-ring acceptor (DCB-4F) is designed with low weight ratio of side chains. Its as-cast OSCs with PM6 deliver 9.56% PCE with a VOC of 1.00 V. By adding 10 wt% PC71BM, 11.17% PCE is readily achieved. The blends show homogeneous nano-fibrous morphology.
A comprehensive insight into aldehyde deformylation: mechanistic implications from biology and chemistry
Authors: Bagha Umesh Kumar , Satpathy Jagnyesh Kumar , Mukherjee Gourab , Sastri Chivukula V. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: December 2020

Aldehyde deformylation is one of the useful reactions in biology and organic syntheses and this review provides mechanistic insights into the same.
Incorporation of nickel single atoms into carbon paper as self-standing electrocatalyst for CO2reduction
Authors: Li Simin , Ceccato Marcel , Lu Xiuyuan , Frank Sara , Lock Nina , Roldan Alberto , Hu Xin-Ming , Skrydstrup Troels , Daasbjerg Kim
Published: December 2020

The incorporation of Ni single atoms into carbon paper produces self-standing electrode for efficient CO2reduction to CO in water.
Integrated transition metal and compounds with carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Li Weimo , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: December 2020

We highlight the recent development of the integration of transition metals and compounds with carbon nanomaterials for electrocatalytic water splitting.
Ferroelectricity in 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenides and van der Waals heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Huang Sheng , Shuai Zhigang , Wang Dong
Published: December 2020

Ferroelectricity in 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenide heterostructures promotes charge separation and photocatalytic water splitting.
Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles anchored on N-doped hierarchically porous carbon nanospheres as a high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wang Yali , Gan Ruihui , Liu Hao , Dirican Mahmut , Wei Chengbiao , Ma Chang , Shi Jingli , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: December 2020

N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres loaded with Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe nanoparticles are prepared and show excellent ORR activity and durability, based on which the assembled Zn-air battery has outstanding peak power density and specific capacity.
Three-dimensional N-doped super-hydrophilic carbon electrodes with porosity tailored by Cu2O template-assisted electrochemical oxidation to improve the performance of electrical double-layer capacitors
Authors: Lv Xiaowei , Ji Shan , Linkov Vladimir , Wang Xuyun , Wang Hui , Wang Rongfang
Published: December 2020

Cu2O was used as a porosity adjustment template and assisted electrochemical oxidation to prepare three-dimensional N-doped superhydrophilic carbon electrodes, showing excellent performance in electric double layer capacitors.
Correction: BODIPY-containing nanoscale metal–organic frameworks as contrast agents for computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Lei , Ma Chong , Wang Weiqi , Ding Jun , Liu Shi , Zhang Xuewen , Xie Zhigang
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘BODIPY-containing nanoscale metal–organic frameworks as contrast agents for computed tomography’ by Tao Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 2330–2336, DOI: 10.1039/C7TB00392G.
Biochemical characterization of anE. colicell division factor FtsE shows ATPase cycles similar to the NBDs of ABC-transporters
Authors: Mallick Sunanda , Kumar Ashish , Dodia Hiren , Alexander Cyrus , Vasudevan Dileep , Beuria Tushar Kant
Published: December 2020

The peptidoglycan (PG) layer is an intricate and dynamic component of the bacterial cell wall, which requires a constant balance between its synthesis and hydrolysis. FtsEX complex present on the inner membrane is shown to transduce signals to induce PG hydrolysis. FtsE has sequence similarity with the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of ABC transporters. The NBDs in most of the ABC transporters couple ATP hydrolysis to transport molecules inside or outside the cell. Also, this reaction cycle is driven by the dimerization of NBDs. Though extensive studies have been carried out on the Escherchia coli FtsEX complex, it remains elusive regarding how FtsEX complex helps in signal transduction or transportation of molecules. Also, very little is known about the biochemical properties and ATPase activities of FtsE. Because of its strong interaction with the membrane-bound protein FtsX, FtsE stays insoluble upon overexpression in E. coli, and thus, most studies on E. coli FtsE (FtsEEc) in the past have used refolded FtsE. Here in the present paper, for the first time, we report the soluble expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of FtsE from E. coli. The purified soluble FtsE exhibits high thermal stability, exhibits ATPase activity and has more than one ATP-binding site. We have also demonstrated a direct interaction between FtsE and the cytoplasmic loop of FtsX. Together, our findings suggest that during bacterial division, the ATPase cycle of FtsE and its interaction with the FtsX cytoplasmic loop may help to regulate the PG hydrolysis at the mid cell.
Optimal resource allocation in 5G system using modified lion algorithm
Authors: Kanaga Suba Raja Subramanian , Bamila Virgin Louis Augusteen
Published: December 2020

This research work intends to examine the resource allocation issues within the hybrid multi‐carrier non‐orthogonal multiple access (MC‐NOMA) systems, which includes the NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) modes. This is exploited to attain the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) tradeoff with the minimum rate requirements of users. The entire degree of freedom that is incorporated within the resource allocation comprised user clustering, power allocation, choice of multiple access (MA) modes, and subcarrier assignment as well. This work mainly focuses on the resource allocation issue having every minimum rate requirement of users for the SE‐EE tradeoff in hybrid MC‐NOMA systems. Moreover, this work aims to make this possible with the incorporation of the optimisation aspect since it is the most significant way of solving multi‐objective problems. Here, the resource allocation along with power allocation seems to be the crucial fact that is modelled or designed as the single‐objective problem. Thereby, the subcarriers, and powers are optimally allocated by means of a new algorithm named Lion algorithm with Probabilistic Mating, which is the modification of the Lion algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed work is compared over other state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of cost analysis.
Astrometric measurement and reduction of Pulkovo photographic observations of the main Saturnian satellites from 1972 to 2007 in the Gaia reference frame
Authors: Khovritchev M. Yu. , Robert V. , Narizhnaya N. V. , Vasilyeva T. A. , Apetyan A. A. , Bikulova D. A.
Published: December 2020

Context. We present a remeasurement of old photographic plates, providing important raw data for dynamical studies of the Saturnian satellite system. The unprecedentedly accurate realization of the Gaia reference frame allows us to make a precise calibration of digitized astronegatives of the Saturnian satellite images.

Aims. We reprocessed 357 astronegatives taken with the 26-inch refractor and the normal astrograph of the Pulkovo Observatory between 1972 and 2007 to obtain the positions of the main Saturnian moons in the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) system.

Methods. Photographic plates were digitized with the Pulkovo Mobile Digitizing Device scanner. The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations digitizer at the Paris Observatory was used to calibrate the scanned images. Satellite image centering and astrometric reduction were performed.

Results. In total, 6487 positions (equatorial coordinates) have been determined with an accuracy of 50 mas. This is confirmed by a comparison of our data with modern ephemerides. The verification of the results was performed using data from past close approaches by Saturnian satellites to Gaia reference stars, showing the adequacy of the current residual analysis. A joint review of the Pulkovo and the United States Naval Observatory intersatellite positions allows us to conclude about the existence of faint systematic effects in the satellite theories of motions at the 10 mas level.
Parking planets in circumbinary discs
Authors: Penzlin Anna B. T. , Kley Wilhelm , Nelson Richard P.
Published: December 2020

The Kepler space mission has discovered about a dozen planets orbiting around binary stars systems. Most of these circumbinary planets lie near their instability boundaries, at about three to five binary separations. Past attempts to match these final locations through an inward migration process were only shown to be successful for the Kepler-16 system. Here, we study ten circumbinary systems and attempt to match the final parking locations and orbital parameters of the planets with a disc-driven migration scenario. We performed 2D locally isothermal hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs with embedded planets and followed their migration evolution using different values for the disc viscosity and aspect ratio. We found that for the six systems with intermediate binary eccentricities (0.1 ≤ ebin ≤ 0.21), the final planetary orbits matched the observations closely for a single set of disc parameters, specifically, a disc viscosity of α = 10−4 and an aspect ratio of H∕r ~ 0.04. For these systems the planet masses are large enough to open at least a partial gap in their discs as they approach the binary, forcing the discs to become circularised and allowing for further migration towards the binary – ultimately leading to a good agreement with the observed planetary orbital parameters. For systems with very small or large binary eccentricities, the match was not as good as the very eccentric discs and the large inner cavities in these cases prevented close-in planet migration. In test simulations with higher than observed planet masses, a better agreement was found for those systems. The good agreement for six out of the ten modelled systems, where the relative difference between observed and simulated final planet orbit is ≤10% strongly supports the idea that planet migration in the disc brought the planets to their present locations.
Could the wild population of Large Yellow CroakerLarimichthyscrocea(Richardson) in China be restored? A case study in Guanjingyang, Fujian, China
Authors: Ye Guanqiong , Lin Ying , Feng Cuicui , Chou Loke Ming , Jiang Qutu , Ma Panpan , Yang Shengyun , Shi Xiaofeng , Chen Mingru , Yang Xuchao , Sanders Christian
Published: December 2020

Over 90% of the world's fisheries have been fully exploited or over-fished. Included is the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), an important commercial fish species in China whose population was nearly depleted prior to the 1980s. Although overfishing and natural resources collapse present a daunting issue, some studies indicate that improved management strategies could aid in natural stock restoration to prevent depletion. We developed an integrated assessment method grounded on an ecosystem-based approach and deigned an integrated index with three key aspects of habitat suitability, natural population status and government & social interventions, to evaluate the potential restoration capacity of the species in a designated “national aquatic germplasm resource protected area” in Guanjinyang based on a data set spanning 1987 to 2015. The results show that although restoration efforts on research and rehabilitation have increased greatly since late 1990s, the effectiveness stays moderate and the natural population remains near depletion.
Development of methods for modeling dynamic thermo-hydraulic conditions for assessing the quality of functioning of heat supply systems
Authors: Shalaginova Zoya I. , Tokarev Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2020

A simulation dynamic model of thermo-hydraulic conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) is presented. The model makes it possible to analyze in time HSS operating conditions with arbitrary configuration and structure, dissimilar loads of heat consumers, taking into account the transport lag of the coolant, cooling along the length of the pipelines, under different weather conditions, disturbances in the system and a given control scenario in the control nodes. To assess the quality, indicators of the degree of heat supply to consumers are proposed. Formulas are given for determining the total, average and average expected deficit (excess) of heat, as well as heat losses in the network, for a calculated period of time under the given control rules. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the operating conditions by the coefficient of efficient use of energy for the billing period. To take into account the real cost of heat, a mathematical model and a method for calculating nodal prices are presented.
Hierarchical management model of heat supply to consumers
Authors: Penkovskii Andrey
Published: December 2020

The article proposes a hierarchical management model for heat supply to consumers based on the method of bilevel programming. An organizational model of heat supply to consumers in the form of a Unified Heat Supply Organization in a two-tier control system is considered, when the regulators (regional tariff service) manages tariffs for consumers, and heat sources cover the given demand from consumers from the condition of obtaining maximum profit. With the help of bilevel approach, the technical and economic indicators of the district heating are calculated. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to take into account the technical and economic characteristics of heat sources and heat networks, the interests of the participants in the process of heat supply to consumers and to determine the optimal conditions for controlling the functioning of district heating systems.
Methods of mathematical modeling of fire extinguishing systems and their implementation in the ISIGR software package
Authors: Mikhailovsky Egor
Published: December 2020

The basis of fire protection of production, retail, warehouse, and other facilities are automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal fire fighting mains, and water curtains, which are an integral part of the water supply system. When designing such systems one shall perform the hydraulic analysis, the results of which allow selecting the required equipment mix, estimating performance of systems under different modes, and so on. The hydraulic analysis is usually performed either manually/with partial automation or using algorithms that implement numerical simulation methods. The latter requires readily available programs that greatly simplify making up the system of equations by forming an analytical model from the nodes and connecting branches. The software products currently available on the domestic market are either fail to deliver the expected benefits or have high cost and require user training. We present the conceptual and mathematical statement of the flow distribution problem with non-fixed nodal flows for an arbitrary pipeline system, including fire-fighting one, and the corresponding modification of the nodal pressure method that factors in the dependence of the flow through the nozzles (sprinkler, drencher) on the pressure (head) upstream. This and other problems lend themselves to solving with the help of the “ISIGR” online application package.
Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Methods for Optimizing the Flow Distribution in Water Supply Systems with a Large Number of Active Sources
Authors: Dyadun Sergey , Kuznetsov Vladlen , Yesilevskyi Valentin
Published: December 2020

Optimization of the water flow distribution is an important problem in the field of the operative control over technological processes in water supply systems. In this article we describe the comparative analysis results showing the efficiency of various methods used to optimize flow distribution in water supply systems with a large number of active sources. The research has shown that the Hooke and Jeeves method of the direct search is the most efficient in terms of the cost of computer time and the amount of used memory.
Détérioration des matériaux cimentaires dans les ouvrages de nitrification des stations d’épuration
Authors: Lewi Julie , Guéguen Minerbe Marielle , Mailler Romain , Peyre Lavigne Matthieu , Nour Issam , Meche Perrine , Azimi Sam , Rocher Vincent , Chaussadent Thierry
Published: December 2020

En assainissement, la nitrification est une étape de traitement biologique qui permet, par l’intermédiaire de bactéries nitrifiantes, de transformer les ions ammonium en ions nitrate. Les ouvrages dans lesquels se déroule la nitrification sont construits avec des matériaux cimentaires qui subissent des dégradations de plus en plus visibles ces dernières années. Dans la littérature, il n’existe qu’une seule étude réalisée par une équipe suisse qui s’est intéressée à la détérioration du béton dans les ouvrages de nitrification. Il est reporté dans ces travaux que les dégradations observées sur les ouvrages ont une origine biologique et résultent de l’acidité générée par l’activité biologique nitrifiante à l’interface paroi en béton/biofilm. Néanmoins, d’autres paramètres qui ne sont pas pris en compte peuvent être responsables de la dégradation du béton, ce qui signifie qu’une étude plus détaillée des mécanismes de dégradation est nécessaire pour bien qualifier et quantifier les dégradations dans les ouvrages de traitement biologique. En effet, les dégradations peuvent avoir une origine chimique, une origine mécanique ou une origine biologique. Cet article bibliographique a ainsi pour objectif de décrire et d’analyser les différents paramètres chimiques, biologiques et mécaniques susceptibles d’avoir une influence sur la dégradation du béton dans les ouvrages de nitrification.
The thermal behavior of a novel wall radiator panel coupled with horizontal ground source heat pump heating system: improve indoor environment to reduce the airborne transmission of infectious diseases
Authors: Korichi Sabrin , Bouchekima Bachir , Naili Nabiha , Azzouzi Messaouda
Published: December 2020

Motivated by the rapid spread of the novel pandemic disease (COVID-19) that swept the most countries in the world, a new radiation heating system consists of wall radiator panel system connected to a reversible geothermal heat pump (GHP) coupled with horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHX) was proposed as fast and permanent solution to the risks of the dispersion of airborne infectious diseases in air-conditioned enclosed spaces. An experimental system was installed and tested in the laboratory of thermal process of Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Tunisia, in order to achieve the two main goals of this work: developing a new radiation heating system with quick and inexpensive implementation while ensuring high efficiency and environment-friendly performance for the entire system. The results obtained show that it is feasible to use the novel RPHs as heat rejecter of the horizontal ground source heat pump system (HGSHPs) for heating buildings with limited surface land areas epically those located in the Mediterranean regions such as Tunisia, the average performance coefficients of the geothermal heat pump COPhp and the overall system COPsys are found to be 6.3 and 3, respectively. The thermal comfort analysis indicates that there is only a small vertical temperature fluctuation in the test room that would not produce any negative effect on thermal comfort.
Darmkrebs-OP: Auf die Erfahrung kommt es an
Authors: Lichert Frank
Published: December 2020

Diers J et al. Nationwide in-hospital mortality rate following rectum resection for rectal cancer according to annual hospital volume in Germany. BJS Open 2020; doi:10.1002/bjs5.50254
A New Approach for Training-load Quantification in Elite-level Soccer: Contextual Factors
Authors: Guerrero-Calderón Berni , Klemp Maximilian , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso , Morcillo José Alfonso , Memmert Daniel
Published: December 2020

The aims of this study were to analyse the physical responses of professional soccer players during training considering the contextual factors of match location, season period, and quality of the opposition; and to establish prediction models of physical responses during training sessions. Training data was obtained from 30 professional soccer players from Spanish La Liga using global positioning technology (N=1365 performances). A decreased workload was showed during training weeks prior to home matches, showing large effects in power events, equivalent distance, total distance, walk distance and low-speed running distance. Also, the quality of the opposition also affected the training workload (p<0.05). All regression-models showed moderate effects, with an adjusted R2 of 0.37 for metabolic-work, 0.34 for total distance covered, 0.25 for high-speed running distance (18–21 km·h−1), 0.29 for very high-speed running distance (21–24 km·h−1), 0.22 for sprint running distance (>24 km·h−1) and 0.34 for equivalent distance. The main finding of this study was the great association of match location, season period and quality of opposition on the workload performed by players in the training week before the match; and the development of workload prediction-models considering these contextual factors, thus proposing a new and innovative approach to quantify the workload in soccer.
Digoxin Combined with Aerobic Interval Training Improved Cardiomyocyte Contractility
Authors: Abreu Gabriel Vasconcelos , Claudio Erick Roberto Gonçalves , Aguiar Andreo Fernando , Giordani Morenna Alana , de Queiroz Eveline Aparecida Isquierdo Fonseca , Lima-Leopoldo Ana Paula , Leopoldo André Soares , Sugizaki Mário Mateus
Published: December 2020

Digoxin is a cardiotonic that increases the cardiac output without causing deleterious effects on heart, as well as improves the left ventricular performance during physical exercise. We tested whether the association between chronic digoxin administration and aerobic interval training (AIT) promotes beneficial cardiovascular adaptations by improving the myocardial contractility and calcium (Ca2+) handling. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary control (C), interval training (T), sedentary digoxin (DIGO) and T associated to digoxin (TDIGO). AIT was performed on a treadmill (1h/day, 5 days/week) for 60 days, consisting of successive 8-min periods at 80% and 20% of VO2máx for 2 min. Digoxin was administered by orogastric gavage for 60 days. Left ventricle samples were collected to analysis of Ca2+ handling proteins; contractility and Ca2+ handling were performed on isolated cardiomyocytes. TDIGO group had a greater elevation in fractional shortening (44%) than DIGO, suggesting a cardiomyocyte contractile improvement. In addition, T or TDIGO groups showed no change in cardiomyocytes properties after Fura2-acetoxymethyl ester, as well as in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban and calcineurin expressions. The main findings indicate that association of digoxin and aerobic interval training improved the cardiomyocyte contractile function, but these effects seem to be unrelated to Ca2+ handling.
Reliability of MRI in Acute Full-thickness Proximal Hamstring Tendon Avulsion in Clinical Practice
Authors: Six Willem R. , Buckens Constantinus F. , Tol Johannes L. , Smithuis Frank F. , Maas Mario , Kerkhoffs Gino M. , van der Made Anne D.
Published: December 2020

In clinically suspected acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsions, MRI is the gold standard for evaluating the extent of the injury. MRI variables such as full-thickness free tendon discontinuity, extent of tendon retraction (>20 mm), and continuity of the sacrotuberous ligament with the conjoint tendon (STL-CT) are used in treatment decision-making. The objective was to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of these relevant MRI variables after acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion. Three musculoskeletal radiologists assessed MRIs of 40 patients with an acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion. MRI variables included assessment of free tendon discontinuity and continuity of the STL-CT and extent of tendon retraction. Absolute and relative intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for the assessment of tendon discontinuity was substantial (Kappa [ĸ]=0.78;0.77). For the retraction measurement of the conjoint and semimembranosus tendons, intra-rater reliability was moderate and poor (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.74;0.45), inter-rater reliability was moderate (ICC=0.73;0.57). Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the STL-CT continuity assessment was substantial and fair (ĸ=0.74;0.31). In conclusion, MRI assessment for full-thickness free tendon discontinuity is reliable. However, assessment of extent of tendon retraction and STL-CT continuity is not reliable enough to guide the treatment decision-making process.
Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women
Authors: Passos Maria Elizabeth Pereira , Borges Leandro , dos Santos-Oliveira Laiane Cristina , Alecrim-Zeza Amanda Lins , Lobato Tiago Bertola , de Oliveira Heloisa Helena , Santos Cesar Miguel Momesso , Diniz Vinicius Leonardo Sousa , Iser-Bem Patrícia Nancy , Manoel Richelieau , Murata Gilson Masahiro , Hirabara Sandro Massao , Curi Rui , Pithon-Curi Tania Cristina , Hatanaka Elaine , Gorjao Renata
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, lipids, and glucose were determined. We used flow cytometry to measure the CD25 and CD28 expression in circulating lymphocytes, T-regulatory (Treg) cell percentage, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokines released by cultured lymphocytes. The T2DM group had a lower proportion of CD28+ cells and a higher percentage of Treg lymphocytes and proliferative capacity at the baseline compared with the control group. After 16 weeks of the program, differences in lymphocytes between the T2DM and the control groups disappeared. The dance program promoted IL-10 increase in both groups. We found decreased IL-4, IL-2, and IL-6 secretion in lymphocytes from the control group and increased IL-17 secretion and IL-10/IL-17 ratio in the T2DM group after the program. The program promoted marked changes in lymphocytes in diabetic women, leading to a balance between the different profiles.
Prävention bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Tischendorf Stefanie , Hatting Maximilian
Published: December 2020

Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen (CED) wie Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa haben spezielle Bedürfnisse im Bereich Vorsorge und Prävention. Grunderkrankung und Therapie können in verschiedenen Bereichen zu erhöhter Morbidität führen. Blutbildveränderungen durch chronischen Blutverlust und Substratmangel oder Eisenverwertungsstörungen sind häufig. Steroidtherapie und Malnutrition können zu Osteopenie und Osteoporose führen. Hier sind CED-Patienten, insbesondere im Alter, gefährdet. Das Erkennen von Mangelzuständen und die Optimierung der Therapie sind entscheidend, um hier präventiv tätig zu werden. Gleiches gilt für das Erkennen von Impflücken und die richtige Risikostratifizierung der häufig immunsupprimierten Patienten. Zuletzt ist auch die Tumorvorsorge von Bedeutung, da sowohl durch die Grunderkrankung als auch durch die Therapie ein erhöhtes Malignomrisiko bestehen kann.
Mit Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa sicher durch die Schwangerschaft
Authors: Wiestler Miriam , Seidler Ursula
Published: December 2020

Aufgrund des mehrheitlich jungen Erkrankungsalters befinden sich Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) oft in der Phase der Kinderplanung. Auch wenn die Rate an Kinderlosigkeit unter CED-Patienten im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung erhöht ist, ist die Fertilität nur im Erkrankungsschub oder nach besonderen Situationen wie bspw. Beckenoperationen eingeschränkt. Dies verdeutlicht, dass CED-Patienten sich eher aufgrund ihrer Erkrankung einer freiwilligen Kinderlosigkeit oder -armut unterwerfen.

Das Erreichen einer stabilen Remission vor der Konzeption und während der gesamten Schwangerschaft ist der wichtigste Faktor zur Komplikationsminimierung während der Schwangerschaft von CED-Patientinnen. In stabiler Remission haben Patientinnen im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung kein erhöhtes Risiko für Schwangerschaftskomplikationen. Es ist daher essenziell, schon frühzeitig die Schwangerschaftsplanung mit den Patientinnen zur diskutieren und bereits vor Konzeption eine stabile Remission zu erzielen. Hierzu können die meisten Medikamente zur Behandlung von CED während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit fortgesetzt werden. Methotrexat soll mindestens 3–6 Monate vor Konzeption aufgrund seiner teratogenen Wirkung abgesetzt werden. Bei TNF-alpha-Antikörpern sollte die diaplazentare Transmission ab der 20./24. Schwangerschaftswoche bedacht werden. Der Schlüssel zu einer sicheren Schwangerschaft ist die kontinuierliche Überwachung und Kontrolle der CED-Inflammationsaktivität.
Medikamentöse Therapie der chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED)
Authors: Morgenstern Julia , Streetz Konrad
Published: December 2020

Die Therapie der chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) unterliegt insbesondere in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten einem deutlichen Wandel. Steroide nehmen in der Behandlung der akuten Entzündung sowohl beim Morbus Crohn als auch der Colitis ulcerosa zwar immer noch einen wichtigen Platz ein, stellen jedoch keine langfristige Therapieoption dar.

Eine Vielzahl neuer galenischer Formulierungen bekannter Medikamente, der Einsatz von Biologika und neuer kleinmolekularer Inhibitoren (mit weiteren Wirkstoffen in der Entwicklung) erweitern die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten erfreulicherweise und führen damit zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität der Patienten.

Die große Herausforderung für den Behandler ist neben der Wahl des geeigneten Medikaments zum richtigen Zeitpunkt, zunehmend auch ein zielgerichtetes Management der Therapie. Hierzu gehören Dosisanpassungen der Therapeutika, geeignete Ko-Medikationen und ein genaues Monitoring des Krankheitsverlaufs.
Medikamente in der Pipeline
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Schmidt Carsten
Published: December 2020

Durch die Einführung der TNF-Antikörper in die Therapie der chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) haben sich die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten revolutioniert. Trotz großer Fortschritte mit der Verfügbarkeit weiterer Antikörper gegen Zytokine oder Zelladhäsionsmoleküle oder Inhibitoren der Januskinasen sind nicht alle Probleme gelöst. Das primäre Nichtansprechen oder Wirkungsverluste zum einen sowie Kontraindikationen, Unverträglichkeiten und Nebenwirkungen zum anderen begründen die Notwendigkeit für die Entwicklung neuer Substanzen; der aktuelle Stand soll hier dargestellt werden. Neben den Wirkungsnachweisen dieser neuen Therapeutika sind direkte Vergleiche zu etablierten Substanzen, sogenannte head-to-head-Studien zu fordern, um der behandelnden Ärztin oder dem Arzt die notwendigen Informationen für einen zielgerichteten und wirkungsvollen Einsatz im Sinne der Patienten zu geben.
CH-Diazomethane Sulfonamides Generated in Situ for Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes: An Entry into Novel Pyrazole-Fused Five-Membered Sultams
Authors: Dar’in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail , Bubyrev Andrey , Kantin Grigory
Published: December 2020

Previously reported CH-diazomethane sulfonamides carrying various propargylic groups are generated in situ from their acetyl precursors. Without purification, these compounds undergo a slow, albeit clean and efficient, intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition to give pyrazole-fused five-membered sultams. The latter are the first analogues of medicinally important (hetero)arene-fused five-membered sultams containing a five-membered nitrogenous heterocycle. The newly introduced scaffold can be further elaborated into N-arylated derivatives using the Chan–Evans–Lam protocol. The resulting compounds incorporate more than one privileged moiety and are highly suitable for interrogation of protein targets via biological screening.
Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Conjugated Dienes with Carbon Dioxide and DIBAL-H for the Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Luo Ying , Chan Bun , Fukuda Tsutomu , Onodera Gen
Published: December 2020

Conjugated dienes underwent Ni-catalyst-promoted 1,2-hydrocarboxylation in a 1:1 ratio with carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressure in the presence of diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) to give the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids, without dimerization or oligomerization of the conjugated diene.
Synthesis of sp3-Enriched β-Fluoro Sulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Gurbanov Rustam , Sokolov Andriy , Golovach Sergey , Melnykov Kostiantyn , Dobrydnev Alexey V.
Published: December 2020

A three-step approach to the synthesis of sp3-enriched β-fluoro sulfonyl chlorides starting from alkenes is reported. The method was successfully applied to a wide range of acyclic and cyclic substrates, bearing either an exocyclic or an endocyclic double bond. The procedure worked with a wide range of substrates and tolerated a number of functional and protecting groups. Moreover, the target cyclic compounds were obtained as single cis diastereomers on a multigram scale. The title compounds are promising building blocks for drug discovery that can be used to obtain sp3-enriched β-fluoro and α,β-unsaturated sulfonamides.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in an Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattacharjee Baidurjya , Pachuau Vanlalfakawmi
Published: December 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatological disorder in children, which is chronic and of a relapsing nature. It is very common in children, with a fair chance of lifetime prevalence of the disease. The following case is of a child 5 months of age who was suffering from AD since 2 months of age. After the first prescription, complaints were much improved. Following that, the child was treated with complex homoeopathic medicines by another physician, which aggravated the condition. Following stoppage of medicines due to an aggravation, a second remedy was thereafter prescribed that provided long-term relief to the patient.
Gut Microbiota: In Dynamics of Life and Homoeopathy
Authors: Suchiang Eiphrangdaka L. , Kumar Deepak , Yeasmin Shabana , Singh Monisha , Michael James , Pal Gautam
Published: December 2020

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) launched in 2008 by the National Institute of Health (NIH) fascinated microbiologists with discoveries of micro-organisms inside and outside of human beings. Their correlation with health and disease brings a new insight to preventive and therapeutic measures. At present, focus is more on the micro-organisms residing in the gut and various factors capable of altering their composition. The conclusion made by Dr. Edward Bach regarding the ability of homoeopathic potencies to alter bowel flora and its relation with chronic diseases was investigated and experimented way back. The present review attempts to correlate gut microbiota with the art and science of homoeopathy.
Concept of Mental Health and Disease for Practical Implementation: A Case-Based Teaching for Undergraduate Students Part II: Abnormal Psychology and Psychiatry and the Homoeopathic approach
Authors: Yadav Rajesh Ramkunwar
Published: December 2020

Background India faces a significant gap in the prevalence of mental illness and the availability of effective mental health care. A significant factor is inadequate teaching/training of the subject at the undergraduate level rendering physicians incapable to deliver homoeopathic care to the large number of mentally distressed which needs it. This is in spite of our science having an immense potential to benefit these patients. Part I of this series explored the impact of cased-based teaching on acquainting the students in the principles of basic and applied psychology. The current study builds on this experience.

Aim The aim of this study was to teach the basic concepts of abnormal psychology and psychiatry and the homoeopathic approach to homoeopathic undergraduate students based on case-based presentations

Methodology Plan of teaching abnormal psychology and psychiatry to undergraduate students with a case-based approach integrated with homoeopathic principles was formulated by the Psychiatric Department of Dr. M. L. Dhawale Homoeopathic Institute (MLDMHI), Palghar, Maharashtra, India. PG students prepared topics with the help of a lesson plan template guided by the faculty. Peer evaluation along with student feedback helped to gauge the impact of the lectures and to design improvements.

Results Eleven topics, one each week, covered the assigned portion for basic abnormal psychology and psychiatry. Reports of minimum 30 students revealed that 80% were keenly interested in the topics and desired to have more such lectures. Half the students were able to answer all the five multiple-choice questions correctly.

Discussion Basic and comprehensive knowledge of psychiatry integrated with homoeopathic principles will allow students/physicians to know how cases are managed homeopathically from a more holistic and comprehensive point of view.

Conclusions Case-based presentations through the homoeopathic approach will enhance the confidence of the students in the ability of the science to take care of the psychologically distressed section of the population.
Homeopathic Treatment of Pododermatitis in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)
Authors: Narita Franscinne Brait , Scardoeli Bruna , Gallo Neto Hugo , Coelho Cidéli de Paula
Published: December 2020

Background Problems with the feet are common in penguins, with a particular predisposition to pododermatitis. This condition usually occurs due to the changes in normal activity that result from being held captive, but its precise pathogenesis is still undetermined.

Methods/Patients This veterinary case study reports the use of oral homeopathic treatment on acute and chronic pododermatitis in five Magellanic penguins in a zoological park setting. During treatment, the patients remained in the penguins' living area, and the effect of the treatment on the progression of their lesions was assessed visually once weekly. The treatment consisted of a combination of Arnica montana and Calcarea carbonica.

Results After treatment, the appearance of the lesions had noticeably improved: in the majority of penguins there was no longer evidence of infection or edema in the feet. The rate of recovery depended on the initial severity of the lesion. Those penguins that still showed signs of infection nevertheless exhibited a clear diminution of the size and thickness of the lesions. Homeopathic treatment did not cause any side effects.

Conclusion Homeopathy offers a useful treatment option for pododermatitis in captive penguins, with easy administration and without side effects.