bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positioning and Path Planning for a Swarm Robotic Cleaner
Authors: Chiu Min Chie , Yeh Long Jyi , Lan Tian Syung , Yen Shao Chun
Published: August 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to create an efficient ground-sweeping robot equipped with map-establishing and path-planning functions. Two ground-sweeping robots are connected with a master pc via a Blue-tooth protocol. The position of the ground-sweeping robot will be sent back to the master pc allowing the master pc to control the robots during the ground-sweeping process. An environmental map of the sweeping area will be established by emitting an ultrasonic wave from a rotating ultrasonic sensor within the robot. The geometry data will be sent back to the master pc via the Bluetooth module. The map of sweeping area will be made by the master pc using a wall-searching method. A single-chip Microcontroller PIC18F4520 is used as a control core to control the motor speed via the PWM in the robot. The clockwise and counter clockwise rotation of the motor will then be manipulated by a TA7279 IC. The robot is equipped with two ultrasonic modules used to detect the distance between the robot and the obstacle. This information will be sent back to the master pc via the Blue-tooth module. Consequently, results reveal that a prototype of the swarm robot system using two ground-sweeping robots and a master pc has positioning and mapping abilities.
A Study on Variation of Priestley-Taylor Model Parameter in Rain Fed Spring Maize Field
Authors: Mei Xu Rong , Li Qiao Zhen , Yang Chang Rong , Li Yu Zhong , Guo Jia Xuan
Published: August 2013

The study of Priestley-Taylor (PT) reference crop evapotranspiration model coefficient (α) in local is of great significance in semi-arid agricultural water resources efficient use and precision irrigation in corn. Here, based on the FAO (1998)-recommended Penman-Monteith (PM) reference crop evapotranspiration as a standard method, water and heat exchange and its estimated parameters were determined by eddy covariance technique and Priestley-Taylor model under local climatic conditions. The results indicated that the estimated values of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0-PT 1.26) in gained by PT mode-recommended coefficient (α = 1.26) lowed by 21.2% during non-growth stages (from November to April next year), and reached an average of 5.5% above PM model reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0-PM) during May to September. The local PT model coefficient α value was 1.15 ± 0.06. The gained average PT mode coefficient at noon during growth stages showed a peak trend with the highest value 0.67 ± 0.08 at tasseling to flowering stage and with the lowest value 0.26 ± 0.13 at seedling stage. In conclusion, the reference crop evapotranspiration estimated accurately by PT mode in the semi-arid climate area, a local PT parameter is required to gain firstly.
QSAR/QSPR Model Research of Complicated Samples
Authors: Li Yan Kun , Ma Xiao Ying
Published: August 2013

QSAR/QSPR study is a hot issue in present chemical informatics research, and is the very active research domain. In present, a large number of QSAR/QSPR (quantitative structure-activity/property relationships) models have been widely studied and applied in a lot of different areas. This paper overviews the developments, research methods and applications of QSAR/QSPR model.
Research on Risk Assessment of Amusement Ride Based on FTA
Authors: Xiao Yuan , Jiang Qing Song , Chen Ruo Meng , Ye Jian Ping
Published: August 2013

According to the failure features of amusement rides, the Fault Tree Analysis model of risk assessment for amusement rides was built based on technology risk, operation risk and management risk. Using Boolean algebra, the minimum cut set of fault tree and 24 kinds of accident way from top to bottom were obtained. In the fault tree, the failure probability of the bottom event was obtained according to triangular fuzzy probability. The failure probability and risk of amusement ride subsystem were obtained according to Boolean algebra method. The weights of the risk of each subsystem were obtained with successive analysis method, and the quantitative risk of amusement ride was obtained with the weight and risk of subsystems. According to the quantitative risk assessment model of fault tree, the quantitative risk assessment steps were introduced.
Empirical Research on the Contagion Effect of Financial Crisis
Authors: Chai Yi Xian , Liu Dan , Zhang Zhi Bo , Xu Yan Li
Published: August 2013

The international financial crisis has caused broad impact and serious consequences to international economic order and the economic development of every country. Therefore, making modeling research on the effect of crisis contagion between some economic markets in order to take timely measures to prevent the further spread of contagion is of great significance for maintaining a countrys economic security, and the stability of global economic and financial system. To prevent economy from being destroyed by financial crisis contagion, this paper puts forward a new testing approach on the contagion effect of financial crisis. This approach is to test the contagion effect of financial crisis by examining whether the conditional variances of different countries financial markets in crisis period are correlated through Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model. Empirical study shows that, this new approach is effective and practical in testing the contagion effect of financial crisis.
Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Finite Piezocomposites Cylinder
Authors: Boonphennimit P. , Rungamornrat J. , Senjuntichai T.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a complete analytical solution for transient responses of a transversely isotropic thermopiezoelectric finite composite cylinder under axisymmetric boundary conditions. The governing equations for coupled axisymmetric electro-thermo-mechanical field of a transversely isotropic piezoelectric medium are employed, and the corresponding general solutions are derived. A boundary-value problem corresponding to composites of finite thermopiezoelectric cylinder with axisymmetric mechanical and electrical loadings applied at the curve surface of a cylinder is solved. The solutions presented in this study can provide fundamental understanding of thermo-electro-mechanical behaviour of thermopiezoelectric finite composite cylinder under various loading conditions, and are useful for the development of piezocomposites for practical applications.
Designing Apparatus for Highly Precise Measurement of Electrical Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient from 85 K to 1200 K
Authors: Budngam Sopon , Wichainchai Aree , Pimmongkol Saichol , Tipparach Udom
Published: August 2013

We describe the development of apparatus for measuring of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient with high precision from 85 K to 1,200 K. Electrical resistance was measured by means of four-point probe method as a function of temperature. The temperature below 400 K was measured by using type T thermocouple in vacuum system was used and from 400 to 1,200 was measured by using Type S was applied for temperature between 400 and 1200 Kelvin in an inert gas system. With the dimensions of the specimen, the electrical resistivity (ρT) can be obtained in the unit of microohm-centimeter (μΩ-cm) and be written in polynomial, ρT=-0.3191+6.8×10-3T-6.0×10-7 T2+8.0×10-10T3. The electrical conductivity can be obtained by taking inversion of the electrical resistivity. Seebeck coefficient (αT) can be calculated in microvolt per Kelvin as follows: αT=1.9653-1.49×10-2T+9.0×10-5T2-2.0×10-7T3+2.0×10-10T4-1.0×10-13T5+3.0×10-17T6 , when T is temperature in K. The Seebeck coefficient data was compared with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of the specimen. The result showed that our developrd apparatus yields the same as standard method when copper with purity greater than 99 percent was employed.
Morphologies and Photoluminescence of Bi-Doped ZnO Materials Synthesized by Sonochemical Method
Authors: Deng De Hua , Wu Zhi Fu , Zhao Guo Yan , Zhao Jian Ying
Published: August 2013

The current paper reported the sonichemical synthesis and optical properties of the Bi-doped ZnO with superstructural nanomaterials. The morphology of the powders revealed by SEM and TEM exhibited stelliform dendrite and the sonication time appeared to be a critical parameter for the shape determination. The optical properties of the products were investigated by measuring the photoluminescence spectra at room temperature and the results demonstrated that the synthesized material has good optical properties.
Experimental Testing of Materials Used in Fused Deposition Modeling Rapid Prototyping Technology
Authors: Novakova-Marcincinova Ludmila , Novak-Marcincin Jozef
Published: August 2013

In this paper are presented information about common and advanced materials used for manufacturing of products by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping technology. In different rapid prototyping technologies the initial state of material can come in either solid, liquid or powder state. The current range materials include paper, nylon, wax, resins, metals and ceramics. In FDM are mainly used as basic materials ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene and polypropylene. Main part of the paper is focused on experimental testing of rapid prototyping materials realized by different research teams and presents outputs of testing of ABS material in FDM technology realized by authors.
Flow of the Magnetorheological Fluid in Disc-Type Clutch
Authors: Huang Jin , Yang Yan , Huang Yue
Published: August 2013

Herschel-Bulkley model is used to describe the constitutive behavior of Magnetorheological (MR) fluids subject to an applied magnetic field. Based on the shear flow equation at the narrow gap, a theoretical analysis of the effect of the applied magnetic field on the viscoplastic flow between two parallel disks is presented. The expression for the velocity in viscoplastic flow is derived. The results indicate that the velocity profile of MR fluid in shear region is deeply dependent on the gradient of the pressure in the flow channel. For the negative pressure gradient value, the velocity peak value point tends to move toward the driven disc wall as absolute value of pressure gradient increases. However, the velocity peak value point tends to move toward the driving disc wall as absolute value of pressure gradient increases for the positive pressure gradient value.
Research on Adaptive Controlled High Building Slow-Down Rescue Apparatus
Authors: Zhang Rui Hua
Published: August 2013

t firstly set up energy converting control model of high building rescue apparatus (HBRA), and developed a controller of the HBRA by using AVR micro computer unit (MCU), designed the control circuits for electric energy converting to thermal energy, then developed program to generate the PWM control wave. At last, it tested the PWM output wave of the controller, and experimented on the HBRA with the controller on loads of 15kg and 25kg. The results proves the controller can automatic adjust the duty ratio of PWM wave according to the different loads, which can keep the slow-down velocity constant of the loads and help people rescue from high buildings in emergency such as on fire.
Historical Changes in the Design of Beijing Social Housing
Authors: Li Xu Jia , Cui Ying Wei
Published: August 2013

This paper centers on the changes in the interior configuration of typical social housing in Beijing in the past 63 years. This history is divided into three distinct stages, and comparisons are made between social housing in Beijing and its models for each stage. The models for the three stages were chronologically, the Soviet Union, Hong Kong, and western countries. The rationale for this study is to find the historical origins of the broad contemporary changes in the interior configuration of Beijings social housing. The theoretical framework is based on the three stages of social housing in Beijing; each stage has a unique political, economic, cultural, and urban background, which influences the social housing greatly. The goals and objectives are to make a clear historical line of the social housing, and the intended readers are professional designers and individuals who are interested in social housing history. The study will be in the form of a literature review and a series of case studies, and its scope will be within typical social housing.
The Test of Limestone Concrete Renewable Micromicropowder in Cement Production
Authors: Zhang Xi Kuan , Sun En Yu
Published: August 2013

This article through the test of impacts on mortar strength when limestone concrete recyclable micropowder replacing the cement in low volume, and analyze the phase of fired cement, then discussed the use of renewable cement. The test results showed that, with the new ground renewable micropowder replacing mortar cement, mortar strength did not decrease, but also increased, at the same time, renewable micropowder contains large numbers of CaCO3, which can be used as the raw materials of cement baking calcareous. However, the phase analysis of burning cement clinker XRD showed that the main mineral component of silicate cement clinker, which offering the feasibility strong support on cement production for the renewable micropowder.
Study on the Application of 3D Laser Scan Technology in Landscape Ecology
Authors: Zhu Chen , Zhao Bing Qin
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the potential of 3D laser scan technology in landscape ecology from the perspective of basic theory and research method of landscape ecology. Compared with traditional research means, the 3D laser scan technology has more advantages and shown a good prospect in creating digital elevation model and landscape spatial pattern change monitoring.
Effects of Different Micro-Catchment Mulching Methods on Water Consumption and Requirement Law of Corn Field
Authors: Sun Zhan Xiang , Feng Liang Shan , Zheng Jia Ming , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: August 2013

The study the effect of unary or binary mulching micro-catchment models including plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation (T1), plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation (T2) and plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation (T3) on was carried out in allusion to the critical issue of the severe lack of water resource in the western Liaoning province of China, in comparison with traditional cropping patterns. The water-holding effect of T2 under the condition of this experiment is the best, followed by T3 and T1. During corn growth stage, through respective comparison, the water is less consumed by 49.87 mm, 43.06 mm and 29.39 mm. In the meantime, the micro-catchment could reduce the water requirement of the crop. Through respective comparison, T2, T3 and T1 reduce water requirement by 81.66 mm, 69.20 mm and 48.45 mm during the growth stage. The average crop coefficient the growth stage is respectively reduced by 0.12,0.16 and 0.09 compared to that under the traditional model. The corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE) is increased to a different extent through various catchment plantation cultivation models and traditional plantation model. Especially, it is increased substantially by T3 and T2.
Pollution Characteristics and Spatio-Temporal Variation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Jinan, China
Authors: Liu Ze Chang , Cheng Hui Juan , Ge Xuan , Zhang Gui Qin , Du Shi Yong , Wang Zai Feng
Published: August 2013

Atmospheric particulate samples of seven sites in Jinan city weres collected by intelligent and middle flow TSP sample (TH-150C). Methods were employed to extract Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from atmospheric particulate matter, including accelerated solvent extraction, revolving evaporation, silica column filtration and nitrogen blowing apparatus. Also, the Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) detection technology was adopted to determine the concentrations of PAHs. The mass concentration and total concentration of 16 PAHs in the particulates were obtained in the ambient air of selected seven sites in Jinan city. According to the detection datum, the pollution characteristics and Spatio-Temporal distribution patterns of these PAHs were discussed. The analysis results demonstrated that the variation pattern of the total amount of these 16 PAHs was winter season> autumn season > spring season > summer season in one year. Moreover, comparison to the total concentration of 16 PAHs collected in the seven sites during non heating period, Zhangqiu had the highest PAHs level and the Monitoring Station of Jinan city had the lowest PAHs level. However, during both the sandstorm period and heating period, Changqing occupied the highest PAHs level and Paoma Ling had the lowest PAHs level. In addition, the total amount levels of the 16 PAHs in ambient particulates of the seven sites have identical patterns: non heating period < sandstorm period < heating period. However, the total concentration of PAHs during the heating period was much higher than those during both sandstorm and non heating periods. Besides, the structure of PAHs in ambient particulates in Jinan city was mainly based on middle-and-high rings. Therefore, the monitoring and prevention of middle-and-high rings structures of PAHs should be emphasized in Jinan city in future.
Removal of NO from Gas by Corona Discharge with H2O2 Solution Oxidation
Authors: Li Ji Wu , Tang Zhi Peng , Yu Jie
Published: August 2013

The effects of the supply voltage, water flow rate, concentration of H2O2absorption and flue gas flow rate on NO removal rate were studied. The chemical reaction mechanism of NO removal was discussed. It was concluded that the NO removal rate increased the increasing of supply voltage, water flow rate and concentration of H2O2, and decreased with the increasing of the flue gas flow rate on the experimental conditions. On the synergy with corona discharge and H2O2solution oxidation, NO removal rate reached 60.2%.
Research on the Controlled Ecological Risk of Reservoir Operation
Authors: Gao Ting , Yang Ke , Wu Bin , Zhang Lin Lin , Zhao Zi Chao , Xu Ting , Xu Wen Nian
Published: August 2013

The lake rate and density of the water network the reservoir area generally increased after the impoundment of the reservoir, the original forest, farmland, villages were submerged, the water hydrographic characteristics was gradually changed from rivers to lakes - rivers and lakes type. In this context, this paper set out ecological risks caused by reservoir operation and planed ecological risk assessment works, summarized the classification of ecological risk factors and had the preliminary clarify in the risk transfer relationships.
Standardization as a Driving Force of the use of Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Robles Desirée Rodríguez , González Julia García , Valdés Andrés Juan , Morán del Pozo Julia M. , Romero M. Ignacio Guerra
Published: August 2013

When recycled aggregates are used appropriately, it is possible to obtain good quality, economic and environmentally friendly building materials. The emergence in recent years of the use of recycled materials in the construction industry, specifically in the production of concrete, has met with varying degrees of success due to the barriers that the market for recycled products has still to overcome. Scientific studies have focused on the good properties presented by the coarse fraction of construction and demolition waste (CDW), leading to the formulation of various international recommendations which, although still insufficient, provide a stimulus to the use of recycled aggregates in concrete.
Green Construction Management Mode Based on the Sustainable Development
Authors: Deng Jian Xun , Li Dong
Published: August 2013

The construction of green building is a highly complex systems engineering, it not only includes stage of construction, but also the whole process, and all the life cycle of "green management". Meanwhile, the key point of green building construction management is not only a kind of construction technique, but also a comprehensive "green management". Therefore, this paper established the green building construction management model under the idea of sustainable development, which contained the whole life cycle and the full range of green construction management, and put forward some feasible suggestions on the implementation of green construction management.
Thin-Walled Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Holes in Lateral Flexural-Torsional Buckling
Authors: Karmazínová Marcela , Melcher Jindrich , Horáček Martin
Published: August 2013

In this paper the study on lateral flexural-torsional buckling of steel sigma-cross-section beams with web holes will be presented. The analysis of corresponding stability problem is based on general approach derived for a group of beams including at least mono-symmetric sections loaded transversally to their plane of symmetry. The effective flexural and torsional stiffness of steel beams with holes has been verified by tests. The results of theoretical analysis were compared with specification design procedure and also with actual behaviour of set of beams investigated by experiments. The study conclusions aim to become the background of the supplements to specified provisions for the design of steel structures.
Numerical Simulation of Soil-Pipe-Fluid Interaction in Buried Liquid-Conveying Pipe
Authors: Yang Mei , Liu Xiao , Chen Yan Hua
Published: August 2013

Buried pipe crossing faults is an important part of underground city lifeline, which is influenced by many factors. It is necessary to calculate Soil-Pipe-Fluid interaction that includes fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and pipe-soil interaction. Under multi-action of site, fault movement, and earthquake, finite element model of buried liquid-conveying pipe is established by ADINA. Two-way fluid-structure coupling methods for fluid-structure interaction and definition of contact for pipe-soil interaction are introduced. Pipe-soil friction is defined in solid model; especially, flow assumption and fluid structure interface condition are defined in fluid model. Damage of buried liquid-conveying pipe under soil-pipe-fluid action is calculated under fluid-structure coupling with pipe-soil interaction. Influences of site soil and liquid velocity on effective stress and circumferential strain of buried liquid-conveying pipe are analyzed, and some advice is proposed for pipe protection.
The Analytical Research and Development of On-Line Monitoring Models of Thermal State for Turbine Rotor
Authors: Liu Shi , Zhang Heng Liang , Zhou Yan , Xie Dan Mei
Published: August 2013

Steam turbine units are required to start up and shut down as fast as possible to improve economy and load-response ability of the units under the qualification of safety. it is important to monitor and control thermal state in turbine during operation, especially during the process of start-up and shutdown. Thermal stresses in turbine rotor in thermal power plants are the limiting factors for rapid startup, shutdown or load change. In this paper the online calculation models of temperature and thermal stress for a two-dimensional axis-symmetric object are obtained after disposing of the nonlinear factor such as temperature-dependent properties by a transformation. The model gained can be used to analyze thermal states in thick-walled components, monitoring and control online.
Leakage Simulation of the Impactor of Hydraulic Rock Drill
Authors: Yin Zhong Jun , Xia Guang Tian , Han Tian
Published: August 2013

In order to research the leakage mechanism and influence factors of the hydraulic rock drill, the mathematical model of the leakage is established, and combined with the structure and working principle of the hydraulic rock drill, the impact mechanism dynamics simulation model is built by the AMESim software. Through the analysis of the leakage model, the influence of differential pressure, sealing length and clearance on the leakage is got, the simulation analysis results are consistent with the mathematical model conclusions, and the results have important guiding significance on the clearance selection and the effective control of leakage of the impact mechanism.
Dynamics Analysis in Rigid-Flexible Coupling of Reinforced Steel Length Bodies with Friction Wheel
Authors: Sun Jun , Chen Jun Qing , Lu Ling , Huang Peng
Published: August 2013

This thesis studies how reinforced steel completes digital length design after being straightened.In general,the analysis of kinematic and dynamic to reinforced steel does not be considered the role of the flexible components in institutional kinematic. The program regards reinforced steel as a flexible body and sees friction wheel as rigid body. The contact between friction wheel and steel is the rigid-flexible coupling[3].With the simulation analysis in ADAMS,I research the problem that reinforced steel produces the slide or not in different speed and contact friction coefficient, in order to determine the design and operating parameters of the cut-to-length body and ensure the accuracy. The result has a good engineering significance in the design of the length structure optimization and operating parameters [4].
Research on Design and Optimization on Balance System of Large Floating Crane
Authors: Shen Hai Rong , Yang Yong Sheng
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the optimization of floating crane balance system metal structure is main research purpose. So, firstly, optimization design mathematical model of floating crane balance system is constructed concretely under the multi-objective circumstance. Secondly, the optimization results are obtained based on genetic algorithmic, the optimal result are compared to the non-optimized value and the value reduces 16.74%. Finally, according to the resistive overturning stability requirement of floating crane, the optimization results are to be stability checked, so the rationality of optimization results are to be proved.
Dispersive Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yue Zhang , Yu Mei Yan
Published: August 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in aqueous solution with the inorganic compounds (H3O40PW12and H3BO3) by ultrasonic agitation. The dependency relationship between the inorganic solution concentration and CNTs dispersity was investigated by spectrophotometry. The results show that H3O40PW12and H3BO3can promote CNTs dispersion in aqueous solution. CNTs disperse very well in the appropriate concentration. The optimal concentration of H3O40PW12solution is 2mg/mL, and the optimal concentration of H3BO3solution is 4mg/mL. CNTs static stability in H3BO3solution is better than that in H3O40PW12. CNTs can still keep good dispersity in H3O40PW12solution under high speed centrifugation. The strong adsorption effect between CNTs surface and inorganic compound induces the dispersive stability of CNTs in aqueous solution.
Influence of Powder Preparation Technology on In Situ Reactive Synthesized Ti (C,N)-TiB2 Composite Ceramics
Authors: Liu Hong Wei
Published: August 2013

Mechanical adhesion method and precursor method were used to prepare Ti-B4C-C and Ti-B4C-Sucrose composite powders respectively with Ti, B4C, graphite and sucrose (precursor of C) as raw materials. Ti (C,N)-TiB2 composite ceramic preforms were prepared with the two kinds of powders by self-reactive spray forming technology. The compositions and microstructure were analyzed and observed by means of XRD and SEM. The porosity and fracture toughness of the preforms were tested. Then the influence of powder preparation technology on the microstructure and properties of the preforms were contrastively analyzed. It was shown that compared with Ti-B4C-C composite powders, Ti-B4C-Sucrose composite powders had lower interior adhesive strength, but the different composition among them mixed more uniformly and contacted tighter, which made the SHS reaction of them during the spray forming process take place more sufficiently. The two kinds of preforms were both composed of Ti (C,N)-TiB2 main phases, titanium oxide by-product phases and some pores. Whereas there were less kinds and content of by-product phases in the preforms prepared with Ti-B4C-Sucrose powders, and the materials were uniform and dense, with higher fracture toughness. The general properties of the preforms were obviously better than that of the preforms prepared with Ti-B4C-C composite powders.
Bending Performance of Carbonized Bamboo Scrimber and Fracture Morphology Analysis after Different Ageing Treatments
Authors: Chang Xin Man , Wei Juan , Guan Ming Jie
Published: August 2013

This paper described the influence of different ageing treatments on bending performance of carbonized bamboo scrimber according to three ageing standards (ASTM D1037, BS EN1087-1 and WCAMA). The modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were tested and the fracture morphology of the samples after mechanical test was also analyzed by SEM before and after ageing. The results showed that the average reduction rates of MOE and MOR were respectively 47.48% and 34.98%. In addition, SEM micrographs revealed that the fracture morphology of ASTM and BS EN presented smoother surfaces than WCAMA. The fracture surface of WCAMA was similar to Control but smoother in some parts. This was mainly due to the brittle rupture playing a dominating role in different degrees based on three ageing treatments. In conclusion, the brittleness of material after ageing was intensified leading to the decline of the bending performance.
Overview of Axial Compression Technology for Direct Capture of CO2
Authors: Chan Hao Xian Malcolm , Yap Eng Hwa , Ho Jee Hou
Published: August 2013

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the global leading methods that could potentially retard the speed of climate change. However, CCS on point sources can only slowdown the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. In order to mitigate CO2 released by previous emissions, a more proactive alternative is proposed where CO2 is directly extracted and captured from air Direct Air Capture (DAC). This paper presents a technical overview from our current research of a novel DAC concept which features a phase of axial compression to adapt pre-capture atmospheric air to a level suitable for carbon capture. Also detailed in the paper is the feasibility study addressing several key issues: the energy consumption and overall capturing efficiency of the proposed DAC system.
Fluorinated MWCNT Used for Cathode of Primary Lithium Battery
Authors: Lu Jia Chun , Liu Zhi Chao , Huang Ping , Fang Quan , Zhu Min Hua
Published: August 2013

Li/graphite fluoride (GF) cells are well known to have high energy density, good reliability, long shelf life, safety and wide operating temperature. However, the low electronic conductivity and discharge potential of Li/GF cells obviously limited its applications. In order to improve the energy performance of Li/GF cells, an efficient method is to increase the transportation ability of Li+in cathode. The decreasing layers of graphite could increase the fluorinated surface between carbon and fluorinating agent, resulting in the emerge of the C-F bands of fluoride. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) can be considered as a curly materials of nature graphite sheets. This barrel structure shows much more C-F bands when they were fluorinated and turned into fluorinated MWCNT. And these emerged C-F bands are advantageous when they react with lithium ion during discharge. The results show that Li/FMWCNT cells possess higher discharge potential than Li/GF cells.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Quality of Bionic Non-Smooth Coatings by Laser Cladding
Authors: Liu Jing , Gao Xiao Li , Xu Yang , Ling Gang
Published: August 2013

The non-smooth surfaces on 45 steel were prepared by laser cladding with KF-300A alloy powder on the basis of the bionic non-smooth morphology of shark scales. The rib-type coatings were composed of hot-rolled steel 45 and clad layers containing hard phases such as WC/W2C. In this paper, the influence of laser power and defocusing distance on the quality of cladding layer were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, with attached energy dispersive spectroscopy microprobe, and by X-ray diffraction. SEM inspection of the samples showed that all coatings exhibited similar phases in their microstructure, but the phases presented differ in morphology, size and distribution. Dilution and interaction zone of the coatings were also discussed in this paper. The results showed that the non-smooth coatings were crack-free and had a good metallurgical bonding with 45 steel trenches with a low dilution under the optimum laser conditions (P=700 W, f =14 mm, V=3 mm/s, continuous powder feeding voltage 2.1 V, nitrogen protection).
Optimizing Design of the Guide-Vane Attached to the New Bidirectional Flowmeter
Authors: Li Hua Zhi , Liang Qian Chao , Cui Han Guo
Published: August 2013

Performances of vanes with various numbers and front oriented-body with different shapes such as half sphere, half ellipsoid and cone are simulated by RNG κ-ε model and standard wall functions method in order to optimize the parameters of the front oriented-body attached on the new bidirectional flowmeter. The performances of weakening-vortex and the pressure losses attaching to various models are analyzed and compared with each other. The results show that the structure with cone guide-head and 6 vanes can obtain the minimum range of flow pulsation, the least pressure loss and the least reverse flow. The simulation methods and results will be used for reference to analyze the similar annular flow and design the steady device.
A Study on Control Strategy under Tip-In Condition Based on AMT Vehicle
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Yong , Luo Da Guo , Liu Wen Zhong , Gu Ming Qi , Zhao Fu Quan
Published: August 2013

The control strategy of gear-position optimization of an AMT vehicle under Tip-in condition is presented in this article. The down-shift principle of an automatic transmission under an acceleration condition is also analyzed. The in-the-loop simulation platform of transmission system software of an AMT vehicle is established using the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation platform mainly includes the vehicle load module and the control strategy module. The vehicle load module mainly includes the driver intention module, the transmission model, the engine model, the synchronizer model, the clutch model and the resistance model. The hard-acceleration condition is simulated under no deceleration condition by utilizing the optimized control strategy and conventional control strategy respectively. The result indicates that the proposed control strategy can identify a drivers intention, decrease shift times, reduce power interruption time, improve comfort and make the vehicle reach the maximum speed quickly.
The Research on Product Quality Competitiveness Based on Innovation
Authors: Cao Jing , Wang Lin Lin , Mu Xin Peng
Published: August 2013

There is tight relation between innovation and quality competitiveness which is discussed in this paper. Nowadays we attach importance to improving product quality under the international economic integration situation. In this paper we present and discuss the innovation how to enhance quality competiveness of new products. Then it is analyzed how innovation has effect on product quality competitiveness and how the contribution rate is calculated making use of mathematical tools. At the same time, the necessity and feasibility of sifting innovation is also explained according to the product-forming process. To sum up according to the study on product quality competitiveness based on innovation, it should be greatly practical, strategic and economic significance for enterprises to set up a system of product innovation management oriented quality.
Active Moving Polymers and Multifunctional Composites: Shape the Future Structures
Authors: Leng Jin Song
Published: August 2013

Smart materials can be defined as the materials that have the capability of sensing and reacting to environmental conditions or stimuli. In recent years, a wide range of novel smart materials have been developed, the applications of which now cover various important fields including aerospace, automobile, telecommunications, and so forth. This talk mainly focuses on recent progresses of Active Moving Polymer (i.e. Shape Memory Polymer, SMP), and SMP based composite structures, as well as their applications including aerospace, astronautics and biomedical engineering. This presented work summarizes the recent advances in novel SMP including epoxy-based SMP, styrene-based SMP, cyanate ester-based SMP, polyurethane-based SMP, multiple SMP, design and characterization of SMP composites (SMPCs) filled with nickel chains, short carbon fiber, carbon nanotube chains, carbon nanopaper, and so on. The SMP stimulus methods, including heat, electric, light, magnetic field, and solvent have been introduced. The application of SMPCs used in aircraft morphing and space deployable structures is also investigated.
Biodegradation and Anti-Bacterial Properties of PLA and Wood/PLA Composites Incorporated with Zeomic Anti-Bacterial Agent
Authors: Prapruddivongs Chana , Sombatsompop Narongrit
Published: August 2013

Anti-bacterial and biodegradation activities of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and wood flour/PLA composites (WPLA) were investigated for the effect of anti-bacterial agent addition. Silver substituted Zeolite (commercially designated as Zeomic) was used as anti-bacterial agent in this study. Anti-bacterial activities were investigated through dynamic shake flask method accompanying with plate count agar (PCA) technique, against Staphylococcus aureus as testing bacteria. The results of anti-bacterial activity were reported by viable cell count. For biodegradation test, the degree and rate of biodegradations were evaluated from percentage of carbon conversion, the test being carried out under laboratory controlled-aerobic degradation environment at a temperature of 58±2°C. The results found that addition of Zeomic did not perform anti-bacterial activities for both the neat PLA and WPLA due to non-diffusivity of silver in Zeomic. For biodegradation test, both PLA and WPLA samples during incubation times of 21-60 days had shown considerable biodegradation rates as a result of chain scission by hydrolysis reaction and subsequent enzymatic-biodegradation by microorganism of PLA molecules. Regarding the effect of wood and Zeomic addition, it was found that introducing wood and Zeomic in PLA matrix tended to markedly increase the degree and rate of biodegradation of PLA and WPLA materials, whereby the PLA having 10%wt of wood with 1.5%wt of Zeomic had the most satisfactory biodegradation level and rate as a consequence of accelerated hydrolysis degradation from moisture in wood and Zeomic.
Behaviour of Lipid-Based Formulations Containing Nifedipine in Aqueous Media as Observed by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Weerapol Yotsanan , Kumpugdee-Vollrath Mont , Sriamornsak Pornsak
Published: August 2013

Lipid-based formulations (LBF) including self-emulsifying drug delivery system have been used to improve drug dissolution and bioavailability by avoiding rate-limiting step during dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. This study was aimed to investigate the behavior of lipid-based formulations upon dilution in aqueous media by using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). LBF is composed of oil (caprylic/capric glyceride), surfactants (polyoxyl 35 castor oil or polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil), and co-solvent (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) at a weight ratio of 1:1:8. Nifedipine, a poorly water-soluble drug, was used as a model drug. A 100-fold dilution of the LBF in aqueous media (i.e., simulated gastric fluid USP without pepsin (SGF) and distilled water) resulted in nanosized emulsion (less than 200 nm). The selected formulations were diluted in aqueous media at various ratios (e.g., 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, 0.11, 0.18, 0.25, 0.67, 1.5, 4, 99, 199 and 300 folds) and then, after equilibrium, monitored by SAXS in order to observe the surfactant rearrangement. The results from SAXS scattering curves (qof 0.027-0.980 Å-1) demonstrated that a lamellar phase or liquid crystalline was not formed upon dilution. The emulsions were formed without the ordered structure.
The Influence of Amount of Succinic Anhydride in Chain Extension Reaction on Increasing Molecular Weight of Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Piyamawadee Chaichana , Aht-Ong Duangdao
Published: August 2013

High molecular weight PLA was successfully synthesized by chain extension reaction of hydroxylated prepolymer using succinic anhydride as a chain extender. Hydroxylated prepolymer was prepared by direct condensation polymerization of L-lactic acid in the presence of 1,4-butanediol. Various molar ratios between hydroxylated prepolymer and succinic anhydride (i.e, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were investigated. The results showed that succinic anhydride can help increasing molecular weight of hydroxylated prepolymer approximately up to 47% as characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technique. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was used to investigate structure of chain-extended PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to examine thermal properties while the crystallinity was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Fabrication and Antifungal Activity of Cellulose Acetate-Based Fibers Encapsulating Natural Neem Seed Oil
Authors: Ai-Tang Ratchaneeporn , Utarak Hathairak , Yoovidhya Tipaporn , Intasanta Varol , Wongsasulak Saowakon
Published: August 2013

Due to an attempt to increase the economic value of Thai neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton) as well as a concern on biosafety and environmental friendliness of a material that can be used for shelf-life extension of foods and perishable crops, this work was conducted to evaluate the antifungal property of NSO (NSO) and to fabricate and investigate the antifungal activity of NSO encapsulated in bio-based fibrous films. Natural cold-pressed NSO was first stabilized in micelles structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and then embedded in a composite matrix of cellulose acetate (CA) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) via needleless electrospinning technique. The effects of SDS and NSO ratios in the electrospinning solution on the micelles size distribution, which in turn influenced the morphology of the e-spun fibers and payload of the encapsulated NSO, were investigated. Morphology of the fiber samples was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fibrous films were selected to test for their in vivo antifungal property with wounded-inoculated and healthy tomatoes; Alternaria alternata was chosen as a tested fungus. As indicated by SEM images, an average fiber diameter was 900 nm. The results also showed that as the NSO ratio increased, the fibers tended to exhibit rice-grain-on-string microstructure. Electrospun fibrous film containing 50% NSO exhibited antifungal effect on wounded-inoculated tomatoes at a utilized weight ratio of the film to tomato of 125 mg film/1 kg tomato (in a 100% relative humidity controlled closed chamber).
Studies on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazine Modified with Succinic Acid
Authors: Tiptipakorn Sunan , Suwanmala Piriyathorn , Hemvichian Kasinee
Published: August 2013

Polybenzoxazine (PBA-a), a novel type of phenolic resin, possesses many outstanding properties, i.e. good mechanical strength, electrical insulation, dimensional stability, resistance against many types of solvents, flame retardation, and low smoke emission from burning. However, shortcoming of this material is from its brittleness. In this study, the rigidity of polybenzoxazine was improved by adding succinic acid (SA) as plasticizer. The content of SA was varied from 0 to 50 phr. The thermal properties were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), while the mechanical properties were analysed by Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and Microhardness tester. In addition, the results that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PBA-a was decreased with increasing the amount of SA, i.e. decreasing from 168°C (0 phr) to 121°C (50 phr). Furthermore, the degradation temperature at 5 % weight loss (Td5%) was decreased from 328°C (0 phr) to 240°C (50 phr). It could be noticed that the char yield of the polymer at 800°C had no significant change (in the range of 30-33%) when SA was added. The polybenzoxazine exhibited softening decreased of hardness from 39.8 MPa (at 0 phr) to 9.62 MPA (at 50 phr).
Finite Element Simulation for Creep Response of Strengthened Wood/PVC Composite
Authors: Pulngern T. , Preecha K. , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Rosarpitak V.
Published: August 2013

This paper investigates the finite element simulation to predict the creep response of Wood/PVC (WPVC) composite members before and after strengthening by using high carbon steel (HCS) flat bar strip adhered to the tension side. The creep parameters based on power law models of WPVC composites and the HCS flat bars were determined experimentally. Then, the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) software of ABAQUS was applied to predict the creep behaviors of composite members using the obtained experimentally creep parameters of individual component of WPVC composites and HCS flat bars. Good correlation between finite element simulation and experimental results are obtained for all cases. ABAQUS software with power law creep model show good potential for prediction the creep response of WPVC composites before and after strengthening.
Confinement Effectiveness of CFRP in Axial Members under Various Loading Conditions
Authors: Erdil Barış , Akyüz Uğurhan , Yaman İsmail Özgür
Published: August 2013

In this study, parameters affecting the mechanical properties of FRP-confined cylindrical and prismatic concrete columns were studied via experimental data, which were collected after an extensive literature review. The parameters were summarized as unconfined concrete strength, FRP thickness, cylinder diameter, overlap length of FRP, sustained stress level, heating-cooling effect and corner radius in prismatic specimens. Considering these parameters the confinement effectiveness is established analytically in the light of ultimate strength values obtained from the test results available in the literature. No steel reinforcement is taken into account because the main aim is to capture the behavior of FRP-confinement only. The analytical results revealed that unconfined concrete strength, FRP thickness, cross-sectional dimension of the specimen are the main parameters controlling the confinement effectiveness in cylindrical specimens. In addition to these parameters corner radius and sustained stress level are found to be significant in prismatic specimens.
Gel Polymer Electrolyte from Poly(Acrylamide) Coated on Natural Rubber Latex by Topology-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Application
Authors: Silakul Pensiri , Magaraphan Rathanawan
Published: August 2013

Gel polymer electrolyte for dye sensitized solar cell application was synthesized from the hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAM) grafted on natural rubber (NR) particles as flexible substrates at different monomer concentrations (40, 60, and 80% wt) in order to improve ionic conductivity. The seed emulsion polymerization of polyacrylamide on the surfaces of NR particles was carried out to obtain the core-shell structure using the redox couple initiator, tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Moreover, pyrrole monomer was polymerized on the modified rubbers via chemical oxidative polymerization by using iodine as a dopant and initiator. The synthesized materials were characterized by FTIR, grafting efficiency (% GE), degree of swelling (% DS) and ion conductivity.