bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Degradation of Spiropyran based films
Authors: Feringa Ruben , Martinelli Jacopo , Browne Wesley
Published: August 2024

Coatings with photoswitchable polarity can allow for control over the physical properties of surfaces. Such coatings can be prepared by combining molecular photoswitches with other molecular components that formation of amorphous films rather than crystallisation. Here, a thioctic acid unit was combined with a spiropyran photochromic switch to form spiropy-ran thioctic ester (SPTE), which can form amorphous films, melting at a relatively low temperature (70-90 °C). The photochromism of the films is reversible however, we show that the increase in surface polarity observed upon switching with UV light to the merocya-nine isomer is due in part to degradation not observed in the bulk of the film. Vibrational spectroscopy show the intial switching to the merocyanine state occurs but the prolonged exposure leads to degradation of the merocyanine formed. The dithiolane unit of the SPTE is shown to be innocent in regard to degradation by comparison with an non- substituted ni-trospiropyran (NSP). The films, subjected to extended irradiation, were monitored by DR-and ATR-FTIR, UV/vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The suitability of each of the techniques to report on the state of the surface of the film, of relevance to contact angle measurements, is determined and insight is gained into both the stability of the spiropyran photoswitch in and near the surface of the coating, as well as the pathways to degradation.
A Machine Learning-Guided Approach to Navigate the Substrate Activity Scope of Galactose Oxidase: Application in the Conversion of Pharmaceutically Relevant Bulky Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Supekar Shreyas , Tay Dillon W. P. , Yeo Wan Lin , Tam Kwok Wai Eric , Koo Ying Sin , See Jie Yang , Miyajima Jhoann M.T. , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Ang Ee Lui , Lim Yee Hwee , Fan Hao
Published: August 2024

Biocatalysis is increasingly being adopted in industry for producing important chemicals in a selective, efficient, and sustainable way. Engineering an enzyme can often confer it with an altered chemical scope, making it accessible to new and desirable chemistry. Identifying enzymes with the desired substrate specificity and activity, however, remains time-consuming and costly. Galactose oxidase (GOase) is a copper-dependent enzyme that coverts alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls, an important transformation in industrial synthesis. Here, we present a machine learning aided protocol to develop a catalytic activity prediction model (R2~0.7-0.9) for GOase based on a focused dataset of engineered GOase variants with activity toward bulky benzylic secondary alcohols. The trained GOase activity prediction models (with no additional training) also retained their predictive power when applied to another member of the oxidase family, an aryl-alcohol oxidase. Inspired by the fragment-based optimization methods used in drug discovery, we developed an active-site structure-aware substrate library for GOase. Experimental validation of a subset of the constructed substrate library indicates that the trained models provide good prediction (R2=0.61) of GOase activity, enabling the identification of the best GOase variant for each new substrate. This ability to identify optimal GOase variants for the synthesis of industrially important chemicals was demonstrated for Dyclonine, an FDA-approved drug. Our machine learning-guided approach enables rapid navigation of the substrate-activity scope of GOase, thereby reducing the burden of extensive experimental screening, and streamlining the deployment of biocatalysis in industrial synthesis.
STUDIES ON ACTIVATED CLAY ENCAPSULATED WITH NANOPARTICLES FOR THE DECOLARISATION OF VEGETABLE OIL
Authors: Awwal Aisha , Ladan Zakari , Myek Bako
Published: August 2024

Kaolinite clay, a crucial component of kaolin, is widely utilized in various applications, including pottery and adsorbent production. Despite effective beneficiation methods, concerns persist regarding their cost and environmental impact. The process of palm oil bleaching, crucial in refining, commonly employs activated carbon. Modifying clay minerals enhances adsorption, with acid activation and impregnation being prevalent methods. The properties of Nigerian kaolinite clay are pivotal in applications like paints, rubber, and adsorbents. This research aims to develop and characterize adsorbents encapsulated with nanoparticles from active kaolin clays for oil refineries and specific processes. The study explores reaction mechanisms, beneficiation processes, and synthesis techniques. Beneficiated Kaolin undergoes acid treatment to remove impurities, followed by zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesis using Moringa leaf extract. The resulting ZnO/Kaolin composite nanoparticles are analyzed using a Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize process variables like calcination, set at high (5) and low (1) levels, with temperatures of 600°C and 300°C, and times of 60 mins and 30 mins. Characterization techniques include scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry of Beneficiated Kaolin and ZnO-K NP in Dosages, also calculating bleaching efficiency. Results indicate successful synthesis and activation of ZnO/Kaolin nanocomposites with enhanced adsorption properties. ANOVA analysis shows p-values categorized as follows: p < 0.05 (significant), 0.05 ≤ p < 0.1 (marginally significant), and p ≥ 0.1 (not significant). The quadratic model for iodine value yields an actual value of 198.54, with DOE highlighting significant process parameter optimization for adsorption efficiency. Recommendations include further parameter optimization, investigation of adsorption kinetics/mechanisms, exploring environmental applications, scale-up for industrial use, and comparative studies with other adsorbents. The study reveals the physiosorbed water at 1.9% total weight loss and the dihydroxylation of Kaolin resulting in a 13% weight loss during beneficiation. Elemental composition analysis via SEM-EDS shows elements such as silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and aluminum (Al) in both Beneficiated Kaolin and ZnO-K NP, with only ZnO-K NP exhibiting zinc (Zn) presence among detected elements. This research enhances understanding and application of ZnO/Kaolin nanocomposites in adsorption processes, providing sustainable solutions for various industries.
LMM Chemical Research with Document Retrieval
Authors: Kawchak Kevin
Published: August 2024

Chemical research is more effectively progressed using Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) combined with Document Retrieval and recently published literature. The methods described here illustrate significant strides over previously tested Large Language Model (LLM) multi-document workflows for characterization assistance and generating new reactions. Here, 3.5 Sonnet, ScholarGPT, and ChatGPT 4o LMMs processed either 5 images or 5 supplementary documents from leading 2024 journals. Each of the three models performed inference on a detailed prompt to produce a response that included context from attachments. In addition, the LMMs were not provided with which of the 5 files contained the answer. The main findings were that 3.5 Sonnet had an average score of 9.8 for images, while two judges awarded high scores to ChatGPT 4o (9.7, 9.4) and ScholarGPT (9.5, 9.4) for document analysis. Judging was performed by a human evaluator for the image uploads, with document processing evaluated by Llama 3.1 405B and Nemotron 4 340B LLMs which correlated well and improved explainability. Highlights include 3.5 Sonnet's ability to interpret a Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2D NMR) spectrum accurately, along with Judge Llama 3.1's ability to provide consistent formatted scores with explanations. The results shown here help illustrate AI's continued revitalization of the established chemical research field.
Sensitivity analysis of kinetic, thermodynamic, and transport parameters in HMX (1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) combustion modeling
Authors: Lyu Jie-Yao , Zhu Qiren , Xu Geng , Dong Fangmian , Wang Xin , He Song , Zhou Xinyi , Zong Yichen , Kraft Markus , Li Yang , Yang Wenming
Published: August 2024

Chemical kinetic mechanisms are crucial for modeling the combustion processes of solid propellants, but the specific impacts of these mechanism’s parameters on combustion have not been fully assessed. This study conducted a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport parameters affecting solid propellant mechanisms, exemplified with HMX as a case study. A onedimensional steady-state numerical model incorporating gas and liquid phase mechanisms of HMX was developed and validated against experimental data. This model enables a thorough sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of various parameters, including the reaction constant (k) of each elementary reaction, enthalpy of formation (hf), entropy (s), heat capacity (cp), collision diameter (σ), and potential well-depth (ε) of each species, on key combustion characteristics over a wide range of pressure. The analysis revealed that gas kinetics predominantly govern the HMX combustion compared to the liquid kinetics, particularly at high pressures. Notably, the decomposition reactions of H2CNNO2 and N2O in the gas phase were identified as highly sensitive reactions that control the r and the pressure exponent of HMX. By calculating the normalized sensitivity coefficients of all parameters, the cp values of small gaseous molecules were found to be the most significant factors affecting combustion, indicating a role played by the thermodynamic properties of small species. This research could enhance our understanding of HMX combustion mechanisms and underscore critical areas for future development and refinement of detailed kinetic mechanisms of solid propellants.
VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA SPP.) IN DOLAKHA DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Sulochana , Devkota Durga , Sharma Anup , Joshi Binod
Published: August 2024

Kiwifruit is one of the emerging, and high value fruit crops having tremendous nutritional and medicinal value that is being popular in Nepal. Under this context, research was done with the objective to carry out an in-depth value chain analysis of kiwifruit sub-sector in Dolakha district, Nepal. A total of 72 respondents, including 60 kiwifruit growers, 2 nursery owners, 2 wholesalers, 5 retailers and 3 consumers were selected for interview by using simple random sampling technique. Economic analysis revealed kiwifruit cultivation was running as a profitable agriculture enterprise in the district with the benefit-cost ratio value of 3.2. Additionally, kiwifruit production alone had 27.2% contribution in annual household income of growers. Five different marketing channels were observed, and majority of producers were found selling kiwifruit to consumers directly. On an average price spread was NRs. 87.4 per kg and producer’s share was 73.24% in existing marketing channels. Value addition activities such as grading, packaging, and processing were relatively poor in the study area. Furthermore, indexing identified inadequate technical knowledge and lack of storage facility as the major problems associated with production and marketing of kiwifruit, respectively. The findings of this research suggests that farmers are to be focused more on quality improvement practices and concerned authorities to prioritize their support in establishing proper marketing mechanism through provision of storage structures, processing units with least possible involvement of market intermediaries would be the best course of action to enhance future production and marketing of kiwifruit in the region.
Os estudos sobre os territórios de quilombo nas revistas brasileiras de Geografia (2000 - 2019)
Authors: da Fonseca Sá e Silveira Aline , Costa de Melo Emerson
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo coloca em evidência os estudos sobre as dinâmicas socioespaciais inerentes aos processos de formação, resistência, territorialidade e identidade dos territórios de quilombo publicados em revistas brasileiras de Geografia entre os anos de 2000-2019. O levantamento realizado ao longo dos últimos 20 anos demonstrou o crescimento exponencial da produção e publicação de estudos referentes aos quilombos e quilombolas no período analisado, o que nos permitiu afirmar a indissociabilidade das Leis 10.639/03 e 10.678/03, que inclui no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira” e cria a Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, respectivamente, como propulsoras de tais estudos sob a perspectiva da Ciência Geográfica. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico no acervo on-line de 88 periódicos de Geografia, classificados pelo Sistema de Avaliação Qualis Capes (quadriênio 2013-2016) em: A1 e A2 periódicos de excelência internacional; B1 e B2 excelência nacional; B3, B4 e B5 de média relevância e, ainda, C de baixa relevância científica, compondo uma base de dados de 2.456 exemplares de revistas analisadas.
Methodology for integration of the climate criteria for urban planning in small and medium-sized cities in the central west of Brazil
Authors: Sanches João Carlos Machado , Corbella Oscar Daniel , Domingos Renata Mansuelo Alves , Guarda Emeli Lalesca Aparecida da , Assis Eleonora Sad de
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalho parte do problema da falta de inserção das questões relacionadas ao clima no contexto atual de formulação de propostas e diretrizes para a legislação urbana em cidades de pequeno e médio porte. Propõe-se estudar a situação da cidade de Sinop, localizada no Norte de Mato Grosso, na Amazônia Legal Brasileira. O objetivo é desenvolver uma metodologia de avaliação e formulação de propostas e diretrizes relacionadas à adequação dos espaços urbanos ao clima em que se inserem. A metodologia desenvolvida organiza os resultados obtidos principalmente em gráficos e mapas, a partir de transectos móveis, realizados nas duas estações do ano, a quente e seca, e a quente e úmida. As medições ocorreram em três momentos distintos, em quatro dias. Em seguida, são produzidos os mapas das áreas com mudanças climáticas ao longo do ano e de classificação das estruturas urbanas de acordo com sua capacidade de impactar o clima, que geram o mapa de análise climática da cidade. Isso fornece subsídios para a elaboração do mapa de indicações para o planejamento urbano. A metodologia desenvolvida mostrou-se uma forma eficiente e econômica de se obter dados climatológicos, permitindo a inserção das questões climáticas na legislação urbana.
A Geografia Política em debate: réplica aos comentários do ensaio 'Geografia Política: o que é afinal e para que serve'
Authors: Elias de Castro Iná
Published: August 2024

Réplica aos comentários do ensaio "Geografia Política: o que é afinal e para que serve".
Determinants of Personal Protective Equipment Use Behavior Among Female Farmers of Childbearing Age Exposed to Pesticides in Dempo Selatan District Pagar Alam City
Authors: Ulandari Rizka Tri , Purba Imelda , Oktivaningrum Rafika , Saci Muhammad Amin Arigo , Hasyim Hamzah , Ardillah Yustini , Putri Dini Arista
Published: August 2024

Female farmers of childbearing age are at risk of adverse health effects due to pesticide exposure in agricultural activities. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that does not meet the required standards is one of the factors that causes high pesticide exposure in female farmers of childbearing age. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the factors associated with PPE use behavior among female farmers of childbearing age in South Dempo District of Pagar Alam. This research was a quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was all farmers of childbearing age in the South Dempo District Pagar Alam. A sample of 116 respondents was selected through simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews using a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out with the stages of editing, coding, entry, and cleaning. Bivariate analysis employed the chi-square test, while multivariate employed the multiple logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there were significant associations between the variables and PPE use behavior: education level, income level, knowledge, attitude, and PPE availability (p-value<0.05). In contrast, age, work period, and agricultural extension worker support were not significantly associated with PPE use behavior (p-value>0,05). The multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable determining PPE use behavior was PPE availability. The study concluded that PPE availability was the most determining factor in the PPE use behavior among female farmers of childbearing age.
A Study on the Impact of Psychological Counseling for Minor Medical Students in Clinical Teaching and Learning
Authors: Fan Xiaorong , Wu Yanmei
Published: August 2024

Objective: To explore the impact of psychological counseling for underage medical students in clinical teaching. Methods: 24 of the 48 underage medical students who were interned in our hospital from March 2023 to February 2024 were randomly selected to adopt the teaching management method of one-on-one psychological guidance as the observation group; the remaining 24 adopted the traditional teaching management method as the control group. The observation of the effects of psychological detachment on various aspects of underage medical students allows the determination of whether psychological detachment impacts clinical teaching. Results: The observation group’s theoretical examination scores, skill assessment scores, and departmental performance evaluation scale score excellence rate were higher than the control group’s, with P < 0.05 being statistically significant. At the same time, the clinical teaching and teaching management ability of the hospital was also improved. Conclusion: Psychological guidance for underage medical students can not only improve the comprehensive quality of medical students but also improve the teaching level, which is conducive to improving the teaching effect, and it is a clinical teaching mode worth promoting.
Exploration of Therapeutic Measures and Clinical Efficacy for Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children
Authors: Li Bei , Zhang Suyi
Published: August 2024

Objective: To explore the treatment strategies and clinical effects for recurrent respiratory infections in children. Methods: From May 2022 to May 2024, 100 pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory infections were selected in this study and evenly divided into two groups. The control group (50 patients) was treated with conventional therapy supplemented with budesonide, while the observation group (50 patients) received pidotimod treatment in addition to the control group’s treatment. Subsequently, the duration of clinical symptom improvement, respiratory function enhancement, serological index changes, reinfection status, and parental satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: In terms of clinical symptoms, the observation group showed significantly shorter durations of fever reduction, cough relief, tonsil swelling reduction, and disappearance of fine wet rales compared to the control group (average reduction times were 1.6 days, 2.3 days, 2.1 days, and 1.9 days, respectively, P < 0.05). Regarding respiratory function, the observation group experienced a 12% increase in peak expiratory flow rate variability, a 0.6-liter increase in lung capacity, a 0.7-liter increase in forced lung capacity, and a 0.5-liter increase in forced expiratory volume in the first second after treatment, all significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Serological testing revealed that interferon-γ and interleukin-2 levels increased by 15% and 18%, respectively, while interferon-α, interleukin-5, and interleukin-4 levels decreased by 10%, 12%, and 9%, respectively, in the observation group, showing significant differences compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the reinfection rate in the observation group (10%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (30%), with an average reduction of two reinfections within one year and a 3.2-day shorter infection control time (P < 0.05). In terms of parental satisfaction, the observation group achieved 95%, significantly higher than the 70% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of pidotimod to conventional therapy for pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory infections can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms, promote the recovery of respiratory function, regulate serological indicators, effectively reduce the risk of reinfection, and improve parental satisfaction. This method deserves widespread clinical application.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЕРОЯТНОСТИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ КАТАСТРОФ НА СТОИМОСТЬ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ
Authors: НИЗАМОВА АДИЛЯ ШАМИЛЕВНА , ШАГИАХМЕТОВА ЭЛЬВИРА ИЛШАТОВНА , ЗАРИПОВА АННА ВЛАДИМИРОВНА , АХМЕТЗЯНОВА САБИНА ДЕНИСОВНА
Published: August 2024

Влияние вероятности возникновения техногенных катастроф, вызванных деятельностью заводов, на стоимость близлежащих земельных участков является актуальной по ряду причин, одной из которых являются экологические проблемы и риски, связанные с деятельностью промышленных предприятий. В статье рассматривается необходимость создания атласа рисков земельных участков для учета и контроля состояния опасных значимых территорий города. В работе были использованы следующие методы: метод линейной регрессии, метод графического построения, метод картографического анализа на базе современных ГИС. Результаты исследования: расчеты показали, что соседство с техногенно-опасными объектами оказывает незначительное влияние на стоимость земельного участка, несмотря на потенциальные риски. Выводы: судя по проведенным расчетам, соседство с промышленными заводами несильно сказывается на стоимости земельного участка. Потенциальные угрозы техногенного характера недостаточно изучены и требуют более детального изучения.
РАЗРАБОТКА СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ДЛЯ ООО «КАМСКИЙ КАБЕЛЬ» НА ОСНОВЕ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ SWOT-МАТРИЦЫ
Authors: ЗОИДОВ КОБИЛЖОН ХОДЖИЕВИЧ , МЕЛЬНИКОВА АННА СЕРГЕЕВНА , КРУТИКОВА АННА ГРИГОРЬЕВНА
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются проблемы разработки стратегической политики для ООО «Камский кабель» на основе построения SWOT-матрицы. Цель: оценить деятельность промышленного предприятия ООО «Камский кабель», проанализировать целевую аудиторию компании и разобрать характеристику самого объекта исследования в сравнении с ООО «Инкаб» и ООО «Росинтех». Методология: методологической основой исследования являются принципы системно-интегрированного, эволюционно-институционального, детерминированного и каузального подходов в сочетании с принципом динамизма. Результаты: промониторены внутренние сильные и слабые стороны «Камского кабеля», внешние ограничения и угрозы, на основе которых составлена базовая SWOT-матрица. Выявлены проблемы и предложены пути разрешения недостатков предприятия реального сектора экономики. Выводы: реализация институциональных мер по разработке стратегической политики для ООО «Камский кабель» на основе построения SWOT-матрицы позволит снизить риски возникновения кризисных ситуаций и создать условия для устойчивого динамичного развития предприятия реального сектора экономики. Область применения результатов: результаты исследования могут быть полезны государственным органам и хозяйствующим субъектам в формировании институтов обеспечения условий для устойчивого динамичного развития предприятия реального сектора экономики.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА И УСТОЙЧИВОЕ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: ШЕВЦОВ ВЛАДИМИР ВИКТОРОВИЧ , РАДЧЕНКО РОМАН ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧ
Published: August 2024

В статье, основываясь на коэффициентном анализе за период с 2011 по 2022 год основных финансовых показателей одного из ведущих российских агрохолдингов, выполненного с целью более объективной оценки уровня устойчивости функционирования и всего агросектора России, делается вывод о необходимости или использования дополнительных значительных внешних финансовых ресурсов для обеспечения устойчивого функционирования в течение достаточно продолжительного периода времени российских сельскохозяйственных предприятий и аграрной отрасли в целом, или, основываясь на реалиях сегодняшнего дня, когда отсутствует принципиальная возможность использования значительных финансовых ресурсов в интересах аграрной отрасли в ближайшее время, уделить особое внимание совершенствованию организационной культуры в сфере сельскохозяйственного производства, взяв за основу и лучшие современные практики менеджмента, такие как стратегическое предпринимательство в интересах всех заинтересованных сторон.
ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ
Authors: КУЗЬМИЧ НАТАЛЬЯ ПАВЛОВНА
Published: August 2024

Цель работы: Промышленное строительство представляет собой вид деятельности, в ходе которого претерпевают изменения все элементы окружающей природной среды. В статье исследовано воздействие промышленного строительства на элементы окружающей природной среды. Производственный экологический контроль очень важен на протяжении проведения строительных работ, но на этапе оценки воздействия промышленного строительства на компоненты окружающей среды отсутствуют требования к его наличию и составу. Цель исследования состоит в оценке воздействия промышленного строительства на элементы окружающей природной среды. Метод и методология проведения работы: В ходе исследования автором использовались труды российских ученых по данной тематике, методы научного познания, абстракции, синтеза, сравнительного анализа сложившейся практики при строительстве крупных промышленных объектов. Результаты работы: В статье акцентируется внимание на том, что строительство должно минимизировать отрицательные воздействия своей деятельности на человека и окружающую природную среду. Невыполнение экологических требований при возведении объектов ведет в будущем к возникновению сложностей, как в период строительства, так и при их эксплуатации. Область применения результатов: Представленные в статье научные результаты могут быть применены в практической деятельности строительных организаций при строительстве промышленных объектов. Выводы: Строительным организациям следует проводить производственный экологический контроль за выполнением природоохранных мероприятий, предварительно сделав оценку воздействия строительной деятельности на компоненты окружающей среды.
МОТИВАЦИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЫНКА
Authors: АЛЕМСЕТОВА ГУВЛИШАТ КАЗАНФЕРОВНА , ШЕЙХОВА ПАТИМАТ МАГОМЕДОВНА , ИМАШОВА ДЖАНИЯТ ГАДЖИМУРАДОВНА , ВАЛИЕВА ДИАНА ГАСАНХАНОВНА
Published: August 2024

Вопрос мотивации как одной из функций менеджера является очень интересной и актуальной темой для исследования. На мой взгляд, при постоянно увеличивающемся рынке спроса на труд и повышении требований со стороны работников к организации их труда, именно менеджер, уделивший больше остальных внимания проблеме мотивации персонала, может добиться лучших результатов. Развитие гибкой системы мотивации «человеческого капитала» необходимо рассматривать как стратегический ресурс не только для конкретных предприятий, но и для стабильной работы национальных отраслей и экономической стабильности страны в целом. Комплексный подход к изучению, развитию и управлению мотивацией трудовой деятельности подразумевает ее рассмотрение как единого целого, как анализ теоретических основ мотивации труда, представления методологии мотивационной деятельности, анализа ее особенностей, а также формирования внутренней и внешней мотивации персонала предприятия.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЕКТОВ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: КИРЕЙ ВЛАДИМИР ВЛАДИМИРОВИЧ
Published: August 2024

Поскольку мир продолжает быстро урбанизироваться, в политике муниципального планирования уделяется больше внимания развитию, восстановлению и защите зелёной инфраструктуры в качестве стратегии укрепления общественного здоровья, смягчения эффектов джентрификации и решения значимых социальных проблем. Формирование устойчивых городских агломераций является ключевым элементом в стратегии достижения ЦУР ООН. За последние несколько десятилетий многие крупные города разработали планы устойчивого развития с включением зеленой инфраструктуры и природных решений как ключевого элемента, способствующего достижению экологической и социальной устойчивости. Природные решения являются инновационным элементом зеленой городской инфраструктуры, способным обеспечить формирование устойчивых потоков экосистемных услуг и способствуют формированию инклюзивных городских агломераций за счет улучшения возможностей для отдыха, эстетики, а также снижают негативное воздействие экстремальных погодных явлений. Внедрение природных решений в городскую зеленую инфраструктуру может превратить экологические и социальные проблемы в инновационные возможности, превратив городской природный капитал в источник зеленого роста и устойчивого развития. Хотя потенциал природных решений как экономически эффективного средства обеспечения устойчивости городов признан мировым сообществом, внедрение, управление и масштабирование природных решений сталкивается с недостаточным финансированием. Автором описана модель взаимосвязи природных решений с ЦУР ООН и предложены инновационные инструменты финансирования городских природных решений.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ РАЗРАБОТКИ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ СТРУКТУРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: МАГОМЕДОВА МАДИНА МАЛИКОВНА , АЛИЕВА ЗАИРА АРТУРОВНА
Published: August 2024

в работе обосновано, что в период усиления глобализационных вызовов и угроз, ужесточения экономических санкций особую актуальность и важность приобретает проведение качественных структурных трансформационных процессов в экономике региона, основанных на ускоренном внедрении достижений научно-технического прогресса, направленных на приведение в соответствие структуры производства существующим общественным потребностям. В статье проведен научный анализ теоретических подходов к исследованию категории «структурная политика региона», сформулировано авторское определение, в котором отмечается важность выполнения таких функций, как соуправление совместно с предпринимательскими структурами развитием приоритетных отраслей экономики, распределение и осуществление контроля за использованием выделенных финансовых ресурсов в соответствии с административными, нормативными актами. На основе системного анализа проведена систематизация группировочных структур, выделены основные функции и принципы формирования структурной политики, осуществляемой с целью повышения эффективности региональной экономики, определен алгоритм ее разработки и реализации в регионе. Предложены направления повышения эффективности использования инструментов структурной политики в регионе. Предложены направления повышения эффективности реализации структурной политики в Республике Дагестан.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НАЛОГОВЫХ РИСКОВ НА ОПТИМИЗАЦИЮ НАЛОГОВОЙ НАГРУЗКИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА
Authors: КЛЕЙМЕНОВА ЮЛИЯ АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА , ТИЩЕНКО ЕВГЕНИЯ СЕРГЕЕВНА
Published: August 2024

Успешное функционирование и развитие субъектов малого бизнеса во многом зависит от уровня налоговой нагрузки. С целью выбора направлений оптимизации налоговой нагрузки необходимо оценивать налоговые риски, что позволит не только оптимизировать налогообложение, но также приведет к росту показателей финансово-хозяйственной деятельности субъектов малого бизнеса. Авторы обосновали направления оптимизации налоговой нагрузки в современных условиях, с учетом накопленного опыта в отечественной практике, которые направлены на минимизацию уровня налоговых рисков, а также повышение финансовой устойчивости и независимости организаций.
«ЗЕЛЕНОЕ» ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: МАКСИМОВА СВЕТЛАНА ЮРЬЕВНА
Published: August 2024

В современном мире существуют серьёзные экологические проблемы, такие как изменение климата, загрязнение окружающей среды и сокращение природных ресурсов. В связи с этим все инвесторы обращают внимание на зелёные финансы и вкладывают средства в экологически устойчивые компании и проекты. В этой статье мы рассмотрим концепцию зелёных финансов и основные направления инвестиций в этой области, а также обсудим, какие преимущества и возможности они предоставляют для устойчивого развития и защиты окружающей среды. Цель данной работы – является характеристика «зеленых» финансовых инструментов с определением перспективных направлений их использования для достижения устойчивого развития. Методология исследования. Методологической основой для этой работы послужили официальные документы, труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых, которые освещают темы «зеленой» экономики и «зеленого» финансирования. Область применения. Полученные результаты исследования можно использовать для минимизации социально-экономических последствий финансовых кризисов для России. Выводы. «Зелёное» финансирование — это предоставление денежных средств на проекты, которые направлены на улучшение окружающей природы, смягчение последствий изменения климата и более эффективное использованию ресурсов. Безусловно, для спасения окружающей среды необходимы средства. Поэтому для того, чтобы инвесторы активно вкладывались в эко-проекты необходимо заинтересовать их, показав преимущества. Такими преимуществами могут быть налоговые льготы, предоставленные субсидии и гранты, улучшение репутации компаний и т.д.
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ПРОДУКЦИИ И ПРОЦЕССА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРОФИЛЯ РЕГИОНА
Authors: ПЕТРОВ НИКОЛАЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ
Published: August 2024

Цель работы: В статье проведен анализ влияния процесса реализации жизненного цикла продукции на эффективность формирования промышленного профиля региона. Метод или методология проведения работы: Рассмотрены труды зарубежных и отечественных ученых, которые рассматривают роль реализации жизненного цикла продукции как одну из ключевых в процессе формирования промышленного профиля. Результаты: Дополнена методология развития промышленного профиля региона концепцией, представляющей научно-обоснованную и структурированную совокупность таких взаимосвязанных компонентов, как стратегические цели социально-экономического развития России, её отдельных регионов, выявление потенциальных возможностей региона и выбор наиболее эффективных путей их реализации. Область применения результатов: Основные положения, рекомендации и выводы могут быть использованы региональными органами власти в процессе разработки и реализации программ развития экономики региона. Выводы: Эффективность и скорость реализации отдельного этапа жизненного цикла продукции будет зависеть от совокупности элементов, входящих в состав субъектов власти региона и промышленного комплекса региона. Таким образом, в структуру жизненного цикла продукции входят элементы, входящие в субъекты власти региона, и составные элементы промышленного комплекса региона. Тем самым, наличие максимально необходимого количества элементов промышленного комплекса на каждом из этапов жизненного цикла продукции будет способствовать тому, что срок реализации жизненного цикла продукции будет сокращаться.
Improving the effectiveness of surgical treatment of destructive diseases of the lungs and pleura in the provision of specialised care in modern conditions
Authors: Kalabukha I. A. , Mayetnyi E. M.
Published: August 2024

Objective. To determine the optimal scope of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in patients with destructive lung and pleural diseases, to evaluate the possibilities of digital data processing and densitometry for the prevention and treatment of complications of these diseases in the provision of specialised care in modern conditions.
Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the results of treatment of 107 patients with destructive processes in the lungs and pleura (52 military personnel and 55 civilians) complicated by pleural empyema with bronchopleural communication.
Results. Pulmonary and pleural complications developed in 88.4% of patients with heterogeneous parenchyma structure determined by computed tomography densitometry. Fibrotic or emphysematous changes in the parenchyma during digital data processing and densitometry were determined objectively, which became the basis for the objective determination of personalised treatment tactics, monitoring of the treatment process and evaluation of the results.
Conclusions. Treatment of patients with destructive diseases of the lungs and pleura should be carried out in highly specialised medical care facilities, computed tomography of the chest cavity with the use of specialised applications and fibrobronchoscopy allow individualising treatment tactics, and densitometry and analysis of intrathoracic structural changes allow assessing the effectiveness of treatment and the stages of the pathological process.
Septic shock: treatment and modern interpretation of the issue
Authors: Shapoval С. D.
Published: August 2024

Objective. To analyse the results of treatment of patients with septic shock, which was carried out in accordance with the decisions of the International Conference on Conciliation and the protocols of the Sepsis–3 guideline.
Materials and methods. We observed 283 patients with sepsis who were treated in the purulent–septic centre of Zaporizhzhia City Hospital No. 3 during 1991–2024: Group 1 – 193 (68.2%) patients with sepsis treated according to the decisions of the International Conference on Sepsis and Septic Shock (2012, 2004) in 1991–2015, and Group 2 – 90 (31.8%) patients treated according to the protocols of the Sepsis–3 guideline adopted in 2016 in 2016–2024. In group 1, there were 118 (61.1%) patients with sepsis and 75 (38.9%) with septic shock, and in group 2, there were 56 (62.2%) patients with sepsis and 34 (37.8%) with septic shock. In other words, there were 109 patients with septic shock in both groups.
Results. Of 75 patients with septic shock of group 1, 56 died, with a mortality rate of 74.7%. Of 34 patients with septic shock in group 2, 23 died, with a mortality rate of 67.6%. In group 1, 17 (30.4%) patients died unoperated in the first hours or day of septic shock, whereas in group 2, there were only 4 (17.4%) such patients. The mortality rate of patients with septic shock who were not operated on was 13.0% lower in group 2 (х2 = 5.63; p<0.0177). Also, the average length of stay of patients with septic shock in group 2 in the hospital was shorter by (4.7 ± 0.24) days (t=4.36; p<0.001).
Conclusions. Intensive care in septic shock should be continued until hemodynamic parameters continue to improve, and primary infusion therapy should be limited and guided by an assessment of the body's response to the administration of solutions. Norepinephrine increases preload, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output, so its use in patients with persistent hypotension is required in the early stages of septic shock. In patients with adequate control of the source of infection, shorter rather than longer antibiotic therapy should be used. The optimal regimen for antibiotic therapy is the use of carbapenems in the highest dosage in combination with linezolid.
Age, growth, mortality and population structure of Polititapes aureus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia
Authors: Derbali Abdelkarim
Published: August 2024

The population dynamics of Polititapes aureus from Tunisia were investigated monthly during a one-year period (2018). The possible future commercial benefits of the species as a significant resource of artisanal fisheries require better knowledge of its population dynamics. This study provides the first insight into population parameters by investigating its population structure, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate. Allometric relationships between body size and length were determined. The shell length/ total weight ratio indicated a positive allometric growth and was expressed as TW = 0.0002 SL3.103. Length frequency data were analyzed to estimate population parameters using FiSAT ΙΙ software. P. aureus showed lower growth rate (K = 0.46 yr-1) and asymptotic length (L∞ = 38.80) compared to those obtained for other bivalve species (mean values: K = 0.61 and L∞ = 55.02). Longevity (Tmax) and the growth performance index (φ’) were 7.95 yr-1 and 2.84, respectively. Total mortality (Z) was estimated from the length-converted catch curve at 0.85 yr-1 and fishing mortality (F) at 0.03 yr-1. Both values of natural mortality (M = 0.82 yr-1) derived from bivalve literature and based on Pauly’s (1980) empirical equation (M = 0.83 yr-1) developed for fish were comparable. The most intensive growth occurred during the first three years. The data presented herein are crucial for appropriate fisheries management and conservation of clams.
Occurrence of Paradiplozoon spp. in vimba bream Vimba vimba from Lake Köyceğiz, southwest Türkiye, with new data on their distribution
Authors: Emre Nesrin , Aydogdu Nurten , Aydogdu Ali , Emiroglu Özgür
Published: August 2024

Only one species of the genus Paradiplozoon (Akmerov 1974) has so far been recorded in Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) from Türkiye. This study was planned to improve the recording of the occurrence of diplozoids in V. vimba from a pristine area in a different geographical region. A total of 397 specimens of V. vimba were collected from Lake Köyceğiz by commercial fishermen over a period of one year and examined for the presence of diplozoids. Only one species of Paradiplozoon was found. Following a detailed morphological examination, the species was identified as Paradiplozoon bliccae (Reichenbach-Klinke 1961), which was subsequently confirmed by molecular data. A total of 1025 specimens of P. bliccae infected 185 of the 397 Vimba vimba specimens examined, with prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of 46.6%, 5.5 ± 4 parasites/fish, 2.5, respectively. The highest prevalence and mean abundance were determined in spring, while mean intensity values were higher in summers. Female hosts showed higher prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance than males. This is the first report on the diplozoid P. bliccae from the locality and the first molecular characterization of P. bliccae from V. vimba in Lake Köyceğiz. This study adds to the geographical range of the species.
Digital models of control and management of risk-free operation of the reclamation complex
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sevryugina N.S.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the work: – development of the concept of creating a digital copy of the infrastructure of the reclamation complex and a management model, taking into account the prediction of failure risks and the assistance of the management of functioning in case of emergency or emergency situations. The importance of accident-free functioning of the reclamation complex in the structure of risk-free agricultural activity is highlighted. The substantiation of the possibilities of eliminating the occurrence of emergency situations during the operation of the reclamation complex by introducing continuous monitoring of the condition of all systems using modern technologies is given. The relevance of the development of the concept of creating a digital copy of the infrastructure of the reclamation complex and a management model is substantiated, taking into account the prediction of failure risks and the help of operation management in case of emergency or emergency situations. The analysis of conceptual models has shown that the most informative and feasible should be a five-dimensional model of the digital image of an object with the inclusion of seamless data integration for autonomous process management. Seamless integration technology allows you to manage the process, reducing the time gap between expected and current operating conditions at the physical level. It is proposed to present the information module of the reclamation complex in the form of 3 blocks: a block for the construction of an object, a block for maintaining a working condition, and an operation block. A key indicator of the formation of a digital image is the scaling of data to identify limitations and problems in each period of the life cycle of a reclamation complex, highlighting the optimization function. A decision was made on the expediency of switching the notification system to an autonomous mode with the inclusion of automatic control components, as an example, an algorithm for monitoring the functioning of a component element of a reclamation complex, a shield gate, an algorithm for a typical digital twin model with a module for seamless integration of forecasting and detecting anomalies in the form of failure risks, security violations is presented, the occurrence of abnormal or emergency situations of the functioning of individual elements of the reclamation complex in real time throughout the entire service life of the systems.
Solution of the boundary value problem of heat and mass transfer by the method of joint application of the integral Laplace transform and the Bubnov-Galerkin variational method for conditions of radiant soil heating
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Pavlov M.V.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the research is to find, predict and regulate the temperature and humidity regime of the soil for the conditions of radiant heating of cultivation facilities using dark-type ceiling infrared emitters. A system of differential equations (in dimensional and dimensionless forms) is presented, reflecting the relationship of thermal and mass transfer processes in colloidal capillary-porous bodies in the case of surface radiant heating. A particular analytical solution of this system of differential equations for an unbounded plate is considered, taking into account cross-processes: the movement of moisture in the soil layer due to temperature difference (thermodiffusion) and the transfer of water vapor energy in a porous medium due to the gradient of the moisture content field (parodiffusion process). On the example of milling peat, taking into account the initial data, the solution of the boundary value problem of heat and mass transfer is obtained by the method of joint application of the integral Laplace transform and the Bubnov-Galerkin variational method, which represents one-dimensional unsteady fields of moisture content and temperature. It is established that under the given initial and boundary conditions, as well as taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of milling peat, the required moisture content values will be achieved in five hours, the temperature in two hours. At the same time, if a regular decrease in moisture content occurs on the coordinate segment z ∈[6.0;12.0] c m under the influence of radiant heating, then a slight increase in this value is observed near the soil surface z ∈[0;6.0] cm. As for the temperature field of milling peat, there is a regular temperature stratification by the depth of the soil layer, without any temperature anomalies during the entire heating period.