bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINC02086 promotes cell viability and inhibits cell apoptosis in breast cancer by sponging miR-6757-5p and up-regulating EPHA2
Authors: Han Xue , Shi Fan , Guo Shujun , Li Yao , Wang Hongtao , Song Chuanwang , Wu Shiwu
Published: November 2023

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Our study aims to characterize the functions of LINC02086 which few published in breast cancer and decipher the downstream molecular mechanisms.

Methods

LINC02086 expression is tested in RNA-seq data from GEPIA database, tumor tissue samples from hospital patients and breast cancer cell lines. LINC02086 was silenced or overexpressed by lenti-virus-mediated shRNAs, or pLVX-Puro plasmids. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were applied to study interactions between LINC02086, miR-6757-5p and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2). LINC02086-silencing MCF-7 cells were injected into mice to establish xenograft animal models.

Results

Using RNA-seq data, tumor tissue samples and breast cancer cells, LINC02086 was consistently found to be up-regulated in breast cancer, and correlated with poorer prognosis. LINC02086 knockdown decreased cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth. LINC02086 interacted with miR-6757-5p that interacted with EPHA2.LINC02086 expression was negatively correlated with miR-6757-5p expression (r = -0.5698, P < 0.001) but was positively correlated with EPHA2 expression (r = 0.5061, P < 0.001). miR-6757-5p expression was negatively correlated with EPHA2 expression (r = -0.5919, P < 0.001). LINC02086 regulated EPHA2 via miR-6757-5p. miR-6757-5p/EPHA2 axis was a mediator of the effect of LINC02086 on cell viability and apoptosis.

Conclusion

LINC02086 increases cell viability and decreases apoptotic cells in breast cancer by sponging miR-6757-5p to upregulate EPHA2. This study presents LINC02086/miR-6757-5p/EPHA2 axis as promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer intervention.
Research- vs. government-driven physical activity policy monitoring: a systematic review across different levels of government
Authors: Messing Sven , Tcymbal Antonina , Abu-Omar Karim , Gelius Peter
Published: November 2023

Background

Even though the importance of physical activity policy monitoring has increased in the last decade, there is a lack of understanding what different approaches exist and which methodology they employ. In order to address this research gap, this review attempts to map existing approaches of physical activity policy monitoring and to analyse methodological aspects, especially with regards to the roles of governments and researchers.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in five scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, Psycinfo, Web of Knowledge) in July 2021, and the identified records were screened independently by two reviewers. Records were included if they (a) focused on the monitoring of public policies to promote PA, (b) allowed to compare policies across time, across nations/regions or across policy sectors, and (c) were written in English, German or Russian. During full text analysis, information on methodological aspects was extracted and studies were categorized based on the level of government involvement.

Results

The search yielded in a total of 112 studies. 86 of these studies (76.8%) followed a research-driven approach (little or no government involvement) while only two studies (1.8%) were based on a government-driven approach (led by governments). The remaining 24 studies (21.4%) were based on a co-production approach (strong collaboration between researchers and governments). All in all, 18 different tools for physical activity policy monitoring were identified; key examples are the Report Cards on Physical Activity for Children and Youth (research-driven approach), the HEPA Monitoring Framework (government-driven approach) and the HEPA Policy Audit Tool (co-production approach).

Conclusions

The level of government involvement in policy monitoring differs significantly, and research-driven, government-driven and co-production approaches can be distinguished. These approaches have different strengths and weaknesses, and can be linked to distinct theories of change and models on research-policy relations. Increasing awareness on the implications of these approaches is key to improve the understanding and further development of physical activity policy monitoring.
Conceptualising the value of simulation modelling for public engagement with policy: a critical literature review
Authors: Loblay Victoria , Freebairn Louise , Occhipinti Jo-An
Published: November 2023

As we face complex and dynamically changing public health and environmental challenges, simulation modelling has come to occupy an increasingly central role in public engagements with policy. Shifts are occurring not only in terms of wider public understandings of modelling, but also in how the value of modelling is conceptualised within scientific modelling communities. We undertook a critical literature review to synthesise the underlying epistemic, theoretical and methodological assumptions about the role and value of simulation modelling within the literature across a range of fields (e.g., health, social science and environmental management) that engage with participatory modelling approaches. We identified four cross-cutting narrative conceptualisations of the value of modelling across different research traditions: (1) models simulate and help solve complex problems; (2) models as tools for community engagement; (3) models as tools for consensus building; (4) models as volatile technologies that generate social effects. Exploring how these ideas of ‘value’ overlap and what they offer one another has implications for how participatory simulation modelling approaches are designed, evaluated and communicated to diverse audiences. Deeper appreciation of the conditions under which simulation modelling can catalyse multiple social effects is recommended.
The novel norcantharidin derivative DCZ5417 suppresses multiple myeloma progression by targeting the TRIP13–MAPK–YWHAE signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yingcong , Dong Sanfeng , Hu Ke , Xu Li , Feng Qilin , Li Bo , Wang Guangli , Chen Gege , Zhang Bibo , Jia Xinyan , Xu Zhijian , Gao Xuejie , Zhang Hui , Xie Yongsheng , Lu Meiling , Chang Shuaikang , Song Dongliang , Wu Xiaosong , Jia Qi , Zhu Huabin , Zhou Jinfeng , Zhu Weiliang , Shi Jumei
Published: November 2023

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable disease owing to drug resistance, requires safe and effective therapies. Norcantharidin (NCTD), an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines, possesses activity against different cancers. However, its toxicity and narrow treatment window limit its clinical application. In this study, we synthesized a series of derivatives of NCTD to address this. Among these compounds, DCZ5417 demonstrated the greatest anti-MM effect and fewest side effects. Its anti-myeloma effects and  the mechanism were further tested.

Methods

Molecular docking, pull-down, surface plasmon resonance-binding, cellular thermal shift, and ATPase assays were used to study the targets of DCZ5417. Bioinformatic, genetic, and pharmacological approaches were used to elucidate the mechanisms associated with DCZ5417 activity.

Results

We confirmed a highly potent interaction between DCZ5417 and TRIP13. DCZ5417 inhibited the ATPase activity of TRIP13, and its anti-MM activity was found to depend on TRIP13. A mechanistic study verified that DCZ5417 suppressed cell proliferation by targeting TRIP13, disturbing the TRIP13/YWHAE complex and inhibiting the ERK/MAPK signaling axis. DCZ5417 also showed a combined lethal effect with traditional anti-MM drugs. Furthermore, the tumor growth-inhibitory effect of DCZ5417 was demonstrated using in vivo tumor xenograft models.

Conclusions

DCZ5417 suppresses MM progression in vitro, in vivo, and in primary cells from drug-resistant patients, affecting cell proliferation by targeting TRIP13, destroying the TRIP13/YWHAE complex, and inhibiting ERK/MAPK signaling. These results imply a new and effective therapeutic strategy for MM treatment.
Hypothermia combined with extracellular vesicles from clonally expanded immortalized mesenchymal stromal cells improves neurodevelopmental impairment in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Authors: Labusek Nicole , Ghari Parnian , Mouloud Yanis , Köster Christian , Diesterbeck Eva , Hadamitzky Martin , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Bendix Ivo , Giebel Bernd , Herz Josephine
Published: November 2023

Background

Neonatal encephalopathy following hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of childhood death and morbidity. Hypothermia (HT), the only available but obligatory therapy is limited due to a short therapeutic window and limited efficacy. An adjuvant therapy overcoming limitations of HT is still missing. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in various brain injury models. Challenges associated with MSCs’ heterogeneity and senescence can be mitigated by the use of EVs from clonally expanded immortalized MSCs (ciMSCs). In the present study, we hypothesized that intranasal ciMSC-EV delivery overcomes limitations of HT.

Methods

Nine-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HI by occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by 1 h hypoxia (10% oxygen). HT was initiated immediately after insult for 4 h. Control animals were kept at physiological body core temperatures. ciMSC-EVs or vehicle were administered intranasally 1, 3 and 5 days post HI/HT. Neuronal cell loss, inflammatory and regenerative responses were assessed via immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time PCR 7 days after insult. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated by analyses of cognitive function, activity and anxiety-related behavior 5 weeks after HI/HT.

Results

In contrast to HT monotherapy, the additional intranasal therapy with ciMSC-EVs prevented HI-induced cognitive deficits, hyperactivity and alterations of anxiety-related behavior at adolescence. This was preceded by reduction of striatal neuronal loss, decreased endothelial, microglia and astrocyte activation; reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the combination of HT with intranasal ciMSC-EV delivery promoted regenerative and neurodevelopmental processes, including endothelial proliferation, neurotrophic growth factor expression and oligodendrocyte maturation, which were not altered by HT monotherapy.

Conclusion

Intranasal delivery of ciMSC-EVs represents a novel adjunct therapy, overcoming limitations of acute HT thereby offering new possibilities for improving long-term outcomes in neonates with HI-induced brain injury.
Heart transplantation surgery in children and young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Martens Sabrina , Tie Hongtao , Kehl Hans Gerd , Tjan Tonny DT , Scheld Hans Heinrich , Martens Sven , Hoffmeier Andreas
Published: November 2023

Background

Pediatric cardiac transplantation remains a surgical challenge as a variety of cardiac and vessel malformation are present in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Despite limited availability and acceptability of donor hearts, the number of heart transplantations remains on a stable level with improved survival and quality of life.

Observation

As treatment options for CHD continue to improve and the chances of survival increase, more adult CHD patients are listed for transplantation. This review focuses on the clinical challenges and modified techniques of pediatric heart transplantations.

Conclusion

Not only knowledge of the exact anatomy, but above all careful planning, interdisciplinary cooperation and surgical experience are prerequisites for surgical success.
Effects of early versus delayed application of prone position on ventilation–perfusion mismatch in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yuan Xueyan , Zhao Zhanqi , Chao Yali , Chen Dongyu , Chen Hui , Zhang Rui , Liu Songqiao , Xie Jianfeng , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo , Heunks Leo , Liu Ling
Published: November 2023

Background

Prone position has been shown to improve oxygenation and survival in patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These beneficial effects are partly mediated by improved ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) distribution. Few studies have investigated the impact of early versus delayed proning on V/Q distribution in patients with ARDS. The aim of this study was to assess the regional ventilation and perfusion distribution in early versus persistent ARDS after prone position.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational study from June 30, 2021, to October 1, 2022 at the medical ICU in Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University. Fifty-seven consecutive adult patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS ventilated in supine and prone position. Electrical impedance tomography was used to study V/Q distribution in the supine position and 12 h after a prone session.

Results

Of the 57 patients, 33 were early ARDS (≤ 7 days) and 24 were persistent ARDS (> 7 days). Oxygenation significantly improved after proning in early ARDS (157 [121, 191] vs. 190 [164, 245] mm Hg, p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was found in persistent ARDS patients (168 [136, 232] vs.177 [155, 232] mm Hg, p = 0.10). Compared to supine position, prone reduced V/Q mismatch in early ARDS (28.7 [24.6, 35.4] vs. 22.8 [20.0, 26.8] %, p < 0.001), but increased V/Q mismatch in persistent ARDS (23.8 [19.8, 28.6] vs. 30.3 [24.5, 33.3] %, p = 0.006). In early ARDS, proning significantly reduced shunt in the dorsal region and dead space in the ventral region. In persistent ARDS, proning increased global shunt. A significant correlation was found between duration of ARDS onset to proning and the change in V/Q distribution (r = 0.54, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Prone position significantly reduced V/Q mismatch in patients with early ARDS, while it increased V/Q mismatch in persistent ARDS patients.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05207267, principal investigator Ling Liu, date of registration 2021.08.20).
Low-complexity enhancement VVC encoder for vehicular networks
Authors: Jiang Xiantao , Li Wei , Song Tian
Published: November 2023

In intelligent transportation systems, real-time video streaming via vehicle networks has been seen as a vital difficulty. The goal of this paper is to decrease the computational complexity of the versatile video coding (VVC) encoder for VANETs. In this paper, a low-complexity enhancement VVC encoder is designed for vehicular communication. First, a fast coding unit (CU) partitioning scheme based on CU texture features is proposed in VVC, which aims to decide the final type of CU partition by calculating CU texture complexity and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Second, to reduce the number of candidate prediction mode types in advance, a fast chroma intra-prediction mode optimization technique based on CU texture complexity aims to combine intra-prediction mode features. Moreover, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the overall approach may substantially reduce encoding time, while the loss of coding efficiency is reasonably low. The encoding time can be reduced by up to 53.29% when compared to the VVC reference model, although the average BD rate is only raised by 1.26%. The suggested VVC encoder is also hardware-friendly and has a minimal level of complexity for video encoders used in connected vehicle applications.
Modified state activation functions of deep learning-based SC-FDMA channel equalization system
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A. , Hassan Hassan A. , Essai Mohamed H. , Esmaiel Hamada , Mubarak Ahmed S. , Omer Osama A.
Published: November 2023

The most important function of the deep learning (DL) channel equalization and symbol detection systems is the ability to predict the user’s original transmitted data. Generally, the behavior and performance of the deep artificial neural networks (DANNs) rely on three main aspects: the network structure, the learning algorithms, and the activation functions (AFs) used in each node in the network. Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks have shown some success in channel equalization and symbol detection. The AFs used in the DANN play a significant role in how the learning algorithms converge. Our article shows how modifying the AFs used in the tanh units (block input and output) of the LSTM units can significantly boost the DL equalizer's performance. Additionally, the learning process of the DL model was optimized with the help of two distinct error-measuring functions: default (cross-entropy) and sum of squared error (SSE). The DL model's performance with different AFs is compared. This comparison is conducted using three distinct learning algorithms: Adam, RMSProp, and SGdm. The findings clearly demonstrate that the most frequently used AFs (sigmoid and hyperbolic tangent functions) do not really make a significant contribution to perfect network behaviors in channel equalization. On the other hand, there are a lot of non-common AFs that can outperform the frequently employed ones. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that the recommended loss functions (SSE) exhibit superior performance in addressing the channel equalization challenge compared to the default loss functions (cross-entropy).
Schistosomiasis control in Senegal: results from community data analysis for optimizing preventive chemotherapy intervention with praziquantel
Authors: Diop Boubacar , Sylla Khadime , Kane NDèye MBacké , Boh Oumou Kaltoum , Guèye Babacar , Ba Mady , Talla Idrissa , Mané Malang , Monteil Rose , Kinvi Boniface , Zoure Honorat Gustave Marie , Ortega Jorge Cano , Mwinzi Pauline , Sacko Moussa , Faye Babacar
Published: November 2023

Background

Over the past two decades, preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel (PZQ) is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in Senegal. The objective of this analysis was to update the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting mass treatment with PZQ in Senegal.

Methods

Demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the schistosomiasis community data analysis tool of Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases which developed by World Health Organization/Africa Office (WHO/AFRO). The tool uses a WHO/AFRO decision tree for areas without epidemiological data to determine whether mass treatment should be continued at community level. Descriptive analysis was performed.

Results

Overall, the endemicity of 1610 community health areas were updated based on the data from the district endemicity (33.5%) and the form of Join request for selected PC medicine (40.5%). Up to 282 (17.5%) and 398 (24.7%) of community health areas were classified as moderate and high endemicity. 41.1% of communities were non endemic. High endemicity was more important in Tambacounda, Saint Louis, Matam, Louga and Kedougou. A change in endemicity category was observed when data was disagregted from district level to community level. Implementation units classified non endemic were more important at community level (n = 666) compared to district level (n = 324). Among 540 areas previously classified high endemic at district level, 392 (72.6%) remained high prevalence category, while 92 (17.0%) became moderate, 43 (8.0%) low and 13 (2.4%) non-endemics at community level. Number of implementation units requiring PC was more important at district level (1286) compared to community level (944). Number of school aged children requiring treatment was also more important at district level compared to community level.

Conclusions

The analysis to disaggregate data from district level to community level using the WHO/AFRO schistosomiasis sub-district data optimization tool provide an update of schistosomiasis endemicity at community level. This study has allowed to better target schistosomiasis interventions, optimize use of available PZQ and exposed data gaps.
The mediating role of healthy lifestyle behavior in the relationship between religious practice and academic achievement in university students
Authors: Berhanu Kelemu Zelalem , Shiferaw Abraham Abeje
Published: November 2023

Background

The issues of religious practice, healthy lifestyle behavior and academic achievement are global agendas. Most previous research has focused on either one or two of the variables, not three of them (e.g. just the relationship between religious practice and healthy lifestyle behavior). And addressing these three issues, by and large, demands a systemic approach to re-thinking the current level and improving it.

Objective

To examine the causal relationship between religious practice, healthy lifestyle behavior, and academic achievement in the case of Debre Markos University (DMU) and Injibara University (IU), Ethiopia.

Methods

Four hundred forty students are participated voluntarily using random sampling techniques. To attain this objective, a cross-sectional research method design was used.

Results

The mean scores of students’ healthy lifestyle behavior is more than average in all aspects. MANOVA results revealed that batch, ethnicity (region), and the university did not display a statistically significant difference among the composite (or combined) scores of both students’ healthy lifestyles and religious practice. However, religious affiliation and gender religious practice and have an effect on religious practice and healthy lifestyle behavior respectively. The correlation output informs that religious practice and healthy lifestyle behavior are positively and significantly correlated with each other. Religious practice also significantly predicted students’ healthy lifestyle behavior. Despite this, the academic achievement of students didn’t have any relationship with their religious practice and healthy lifestyle behavior.

Conclusion

University students’ healthy lifestyle behavior doesn’t play an intervening variable in the effect of religious practice on academic achievement. Possible practical implications and recommendations have been forwarded.
Homology of the head sensory structures between Heterotardigrada and Eutardigrada supported in a new species of water bear (Ramazzottiidae: Ramazzottius)
Authors: Kihm Ji-Hoon , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Rho Hyun Soo , Park Tae-Yoon S.
Published: November 2023

Phylum Tardigrada is represented by microscopic eight-legged panarthropods that inhabit terrestrial and marine environments. Although tardigrades are emerging model animals for areas of research including physiology, evolutionary biology, and astrobiology, knowledge of their external morphology remains insufficient. For instance, homologies between marine and terrestrial relatives largely remain unexplored. In the present study we provide detailed pictures of the head sensory organs in a new tardigrade, Ramazzottius groenlandensis sp. nov. Specimens were collected from a mixed moss and lichen sample on Ella Island, East Greenland. The new species differs from congeneric species in the presence of polygonal sculpturing on the dorsal cuticle, which is accentuated in the posterior region of the body, a lateral papilla on leg IV, and distinctive egg morphology. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis (18S rRNA + 28S rRNA + COI) places the new species within the genus Ramazzottius with high confidence. Interestingly, the new species shows a full set of well-developed cephalic organs, which correspond to all sensory fields found in eutardigrades. Details on the full set of head organs were present only for heterotardigrades. The surface of these organs is covered with small pores, which presumably play a sensory role. This discovery suggests the homology of head sensory structures between heterotardigrades and eutardigrades, implying that the distinctive arrangement and positioning of sensory organs on the head is a plesiomorphic feature of tardigrades. Moreover, we find that the Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri morphotype forms a morphogroup, not a monophyletic species complex.
Anterior migration of Ozurdex implant: a review on risk factors, complications, and management
Authors: Tsoutsanis Panagiotis , Kapantais Dimitrios
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To describe the common risk factors, complications, and management options for anterior migration of Ozurdex implant.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed.

Results

Amongst the most common risk factors predisposing to implant anterior migration we found a history of pseudophakia or aphakia or previous vitrectomy. The most common complication is that of corneal edema.

Conclusions

A variety of management options to treat migration of the dexamethasone implant are utilized by different specialists around the world. These depend on the doctor’s preference, presence of corneal damage and history of previous migrations after repositioning the implant. The most common approaches are operative or non-operative implant repositioning and surgical implant removal.
Detection of EGFR gene polymorphisms in non-small cell lung cancer Egyptian patients: a case–control study
Authors: El-khawaga Omali Y. , Al-azzawy Mohammed F. , ElSaid Afaf M. , Refaat Sherif , El-Dawa Aliaa N.
Published: November 2023

Background

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer displays several genetic mutations including epidermal growth factor receptor. This study's objective was to determine if the EGFR exon19 rs121913438 and exon21 rs121434568 variations play a role in NSCLC susceptibility.

Methods

Case–control research was done at the Mansoura university oncology center including 124 NSCLC patients, and 124 healthy volunteers. blood was used to obtain genomic DNA. ARMS-PCR was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results

Molecular study for EGFR exon 19 del. showed NSCLC cases were significantly associated with a higher proportion of heterozygous WD, WD + DD dominant genotypes, and mutant D allele, (p < 0.05 for each), with a risk to develop NSCLC. also, NSCLC cases were significantly associated with a higher proportion of heterozygous TG, TG + GG dominant genotype, G mutant allele, (p < 0.05 for each), with a risk to develop LC (OR > 1 for each). regarding the two EGFR mutations, TTF1 staining was significantly associated with WD + DD genotypes for EGFR exon 19 del But not EGFR exon 21. No substantial differences were found among all studied cases with CK7 or napsin A Tumor cytochemistry.

Conclusions

The WD heterozygous genotype and D allele in exon 19 del. mutation as well as the TG heterozygous and G allele in exon 21 substitution mutation in EGFR gene are strongly associated with the development of advanced-NSCLC in the Egyptians.
Clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: neurosurgical and otolaryngologic conditions
Authors: Ali Arafat , Morris Jonathan M. , Decker Summer J. , Huang Yu-hui , Wake Nicole , Rybicki Frank J , Ballard David H
Published: November 2023

Background

Medical three dimensional (3D) printing is performed for neurosurgical and otolaryngologic conditions, but without evidence-based guidance on clinical appropriateness. A writing group composed of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG) provides appropriateness recommendations for neurologic 3D printing conditions.

Methods

A structured literature search was conducted to identify all relevant articles using 3D printing technology associated with neurologic and otolaryngologic conditions. Each study was vetted by the authors and strength of evidence was assessed according to published guidelines.

Results

Evidence-based recommendations for when 3D printing is appropriate are provided for diseases of the calvaria and skull base, brain tumors and cerebrovascular disease. Recommendations are provided in accordance with strength of evidence of publications corresponding to each neurologic condition combined with expert opinion from members of the 3D printing SIG.

Conclusions

This consensus guidance document, created by the members of the 3D printing SIG, provides a reference for clinical standards of 3D printing for neurologic conditions.
Effect of anteromedial portal location on femoral tunnel inclination, length, and location in hamstring autograft-based single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study
Authors: Alomar Abdulaziz Z. , Baltow Baraa , AlMogbil Ismail
Published: November 2023

Background

Portal positioning in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is critical in facilitating the drilling of the femoral tunnel. However, the traditional approach has limitations. A modified inferior anteromedial portal was developed. Therefore, this study aims to compare the modified and conventional far anteromedial portals for femoral tunnel drilling, assessing factors such as tunnel length, inclination, iatrogenic chondral injury risk, and blowout.

Material and methods

Patients scheduled for hamstring autograft-based anatomical single-bundle arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were divided into two groups: modified and far anteromedial groups. Primary outcomes include differences in femoral tunnel length intraoperatively, tunnel inclination on anteroposterior radiographs, and exit location on lateral radiographs. Secondary outcomes encompass tunnel-related complications and reconstruction failures. To identify potential risk factors for shorter tunnel lengths and posterior exits, regression analysis was conducted.

Results

Tunnel parameters of 234 patients were analyzed. In the modified portal group, femoral tunnel length and inclination were significantly higher, with tunnels exhibiting a more anterior exit position (p < 0.05). A higher body mass index exerted a negative influence on tunnel length and inclination. However, obese patients in the modified portal group had longer tunnels, increased inclination, and a lower risk of posterior exit. Only a few tunnel-related complications were observed in the far anteromedial group.

Conclusion

The modified portal allowed better control of tunnel length and inclination, ensuring a nonposterior femoral tunnel exit, making it beneficial for obese patients.
A review on action recognition for accident detection in smart city transportation systems
Authors: Adewopo Victor A. , Elsayed Nelly , ElSayed Zag , Ozer Murat , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Bayoumi Magdy
Published: November 2023

Accident detection and public traffic safety is a crucial aspect of safe and better community. Monitoring traffic flow in smart cities using different surveillance cameras plays a crucial role in recognizing accidents and alerting first responders. In computer vision tasks, utilizing action recognition (AR) has contributed to high-precision video surveillance, medical imaging, and digital signal processing applications. This paper presents an intensive review focusing on action recognition in accident detection and autonomous transportation systems for smart city. This paper focused on AR systems that use diverse sources of traffic video, such as static surveillance cameras on traffic intersections, highway monitoring cameras, drone cameras, and dash-cams. Through this review, we identified the primary techniques, taxonomies, and algorithms used in AR for autonomous transportation and accident detection. We also examined datasets utilized in the AR tasks, identifying the primary sources of datasets and features of the datasets. This paper provides a potential research direction to develop and integrate accident detection systems for autonomous cars and public traffic safety systems by alerting emergency personnel and law enforcement in the event of road traffic accidents to minimize the human error in accident reporting and provide a spontaneous response to victims.
Strengthening banking sector governance: challenges and solutions
Authors: Wali Kawa , van Paridon Kees , Darwish Bnar Karim
Published: November 2023

This study examines the understanding of banking governance among the sample participants and its effectiveness in achieving significant objectives. The research methodology employed in this study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, aiming to comprehensively examine the multifaceted phenomenon of corporate governance within the context of private banks. The purpose of this study was to assess the comprehension of banking governance and its effectiveness in achieving important objectives. This investigation was undertaken to gain insights into the current state of banking governance, its implementation, and the challenges it faces. By conducting this research, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the issues surrounding banking governance and offer recommendations for improvement and finding solutions. The findings of our study indicate that the sample participants have a clear comprehension of governance as an efficient system. However, we identified significant obstacles in the implementation of governance and its objectives, primarily stemming from legal challenges and the overall environment. We also noted that success for private banks is contingent on meeting governance requirements, but the banking sector faces challenges both internally and externally, which render control systems less effective. Furthermore, we found that the Basel standards for banking supervision, through the implementation of supervision and control procedures, seek to enhance solvency and risk management, along with prudential measures. These findings are crucial as they provide a roadmap for strengthening governance practices in the banking sector, which is vital for its stability and effective operation. By addressing the issues identified in this study, stakeholders can work toward achieving a more robust and effective banking governance framework.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 2 Given name: [Kees] Particle [van] Last name [Paridon]. Author 3 Given name: [Bnar Kareem] Last name [Darwish]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.correct
Association between occupational noise-induced hearing loss and genotoxicity among textile factory workers
Authors: Zein-Elabedein Ahmed Mahmoud , Talaat Hossam Sanyelbhaa , Hassab El-Nabi Sobhy Elsayed , Hassab El-Nabi Aya Sobhy , Moaty Asmaa Salah
Published: November 2023

Background/aim

Hearing loss caused by exposure to noise is still among the most prevalent health risks for industrial workers. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Shebien El-kom textile factory workers’ occupational noise exposure, genotoxicity, and noise-induced hearing loss.

Methods

This cross-sectional case–control study was performed in a textile industry in Shebin Elkom, Egypt. The participants of this work were 36 exposed male workers from the spinning section of the textile factory and 36 subjects as the control male group from administrative staff in the same factory, in the age range of 25–45 years. A pure-tone audiometer and portable sound level meter were utilized for the measurement of hearing threshold and noise level, respectively. Genotoxicity was assessed using the Comet assay technique.

Results

There was no significant difference between both groups regarding age and the mean duration of work was 18.94 ± 4.88 for exposed workers. The average level of noise was 95–105 dB (A). The exposed workers’ mean hearing thresholds for the left and right ears at frequencies between 2000 and 8000 Hz were substantially greater than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In the exposed workers, there was not a marked variation between the hearing thresholds of the left and right ears (p > 0.05). The exposed workers’ percentage of DNA damage was substantially greater than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Among exposed workers, a positive correlation between DNA damage, the degree of hearing loss, and the duration of time exposed to noise was demonstrated.

Conclusion

The majority of exposed workers suffered from occupational noise-induced hearing loss. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of DNA damage, duration of exposure to noise, and hearing threshold in exposed workers.
MSCs overexpressing GDNF restores brain structure and neurological function in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqian , Zhou Ling , Sun Zihuan , Xie Bingqing , Lin Heng , Gao Xiaoqing , Deng Li , Yang Chaoxian
Published: November 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied in transplantation to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) but with limited efficacy. Accumulated evidence has shown that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays a crucial part in neuronal protection and functional recovery of the brain after ICH; however, GDNF has difficulty crossing the blood–brain barrier, which limits its application. In this study, we investigated the influences of MSCs overexpressing GDNF (MSCs/GDNF) on the brain structure as well as gait of rats after ICH and explored the possible mechanisms. We found that cell transplantation could reverse the neurological dysfunction and brain damage caused by ICH to a certain extent, and MSCs/GDNF transplantation was superior to MSCs transplantation. Moreover, Transplantation of MSCs overexpressing GDNF effectively reduced the volume of bleeding foci and increased the level of glucose uptake in rats with ICH, which could be related to improving mitochondrial quality. Furthermore, GDNF produced by transplanted MSCs/GDNF further inhibited neuroinflammation, improved mitochondrial quality and function, promoted angiogenesis and the survival of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and enhanced synaptic plasticity in ICH rats when compared with simple MSC transplantation. Overall, our data indicate that GDNF overexpression heightens the curative effect of MSC implantation in treating rats following ICH.
Multifractality and statistical localization in highly heterogeneous random networks
Authors: Tapias Diego , Sollich Peter
Published: November 2023

We consider highly heterogeneous random networks with symmetric interactions in the limit of high connectivity. A key feature of this system is that the spectral density of the corresponding ensemble exhibits a divergence within the bulk. We study the structure of the eigenvectors associated with this divergence and find that they are multifractal with the statistics of eigenvector elements matching those of the resolvent entries. The corresponding localization mechanism relies on the statistical properties of the nodes rather than on any spatial structure around a localization centre. This “statistical localization” mechanism is potentially relevant for explaining localization in different models that display singularities in the bulk of the spectrum of eigenvalues.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Early High-Acuity Postoperative Care for Medium-Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Leaman Esrom E. , Ludbrook Guy L.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Initiatives in perioperative care warrant robust cost-effectiveness analysis in a cost-constrained era when high-value care is a priority. A model of anesthesia-led early high-acuity postoperative care, advanced recovery room care (ARRC), has shown benefit in terms of hospital and patient outcomes, but its cost-effectiveness has not yet been formally determined.

METHODS:

Data from a previously published single-center prospective cohort study of ARRC in medium-risk patients were used to generate a Markov model, which described patient transition between care locations, each with different characteristics and costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), using days at home (DAH) and hospital costs, was calculated for ARRC compared to usual ward care using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS:

The Markov model accurately described patient disposition after surgery. For each patient, ARRC provided 4.3 more DAH within the first 90 days after surgery and decreased overall hospital costs by $1081 per patient. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that ARRC had a 99.3% probability of increased DAH and a 77.4% probability that ARRC was dominant from the perspective of the hospital, with improved outcomes and decreased costs.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early high-acuity care for approximately 24 hours after surgery in medium-risk patients provides highly cost-effective improvements in outcomes when compared to usual ward care.
Association Between Loop Diuretics and Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Surgery–Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Propensity Score–Weighted Analysis
Authors: Zhu Shouqiang , Zheng Ziyu , Wang Lini , Luo Gang , Zhang Yue , Jia Tao , Wang Yi , Dong Hailong , Lei Chong
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although loop diuretics (LDs) have been widely used in clinical practice, their effect on mortality when administered to patients experiencing cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of LD use in patients with CS-AKI.

METHODS:

Patients who underwent cardiac surgery with AKI were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III. Postoperative LD use in intensive care units (ICUs) was exposure. There were 2 primary outcome measures, the in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality; both were treated as time-to-event data and were analyzed via multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to minimize bias.

RESULTS:

The study enrolled a total of 5478 patients, with a median age of 67 years, among which 2205 (40.3%) were women. The crude in-hospital and ICU mortality rates were significantly lower in the LD use group (525 of 4150 [12.7%] vs 434 of 1328 [32.7%], P < .001; 402 of 4150 [9.69%] vs 333 of 1328 [25.1%], P < .001). Adjusted hazard ratios suggested significant reductions in both in-hospital (hazard ratio [HR], 0.428; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.374–0.489) and ICU mortality (HR, 0.278; 95% CI, 0.238–0.327). The IPW data showed a similar reduction, in-hospital mortality (HR, 0.434; 95% CI, 0.376–0.502) and ICU mortality (HR, 0.296; 95% CI, 0.251–0.349). Such association may act differently for patients with different fluid balance (P value for interaction < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

LD use is associated with lower hospital and ICU mortality in CS-AKI patients in general. Patients under different conditions showed diverse responses toward such treatment indicating that personalized management is needed.
Evaluating the Accuracy of 2020 Census Block-Level Estimates in California
Authors: Bozick Robert , Burgette Lane F. , Sharygin Ethan , Shih Regina A. , Weidmer Beverly , Tzen Michael , Kofner Aaron , Brand Jennie E. , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram
Published: November 2023

In this study, we provide an assessment of data accuracy from the 2020 Census. We compare block-level population totals from a sample of 173 census blocks in California across three sources: (1) the 2020 Census, which has been infused with error to protect respondent confidentiality; (2) the California Neighborhoods Count, the first independent enumeration survey of census blocks; and (3) projections based on the 2010 Census and subsequent American Community Surveys. We find that, on average, total population counts provided by the U.S. Census Bureau at the block level for the 2020 Census are not biased in any consistent direction. However, subpopulation totals defined by age, race, and ethnicity are highly variable. Additionally, we find that inconsistencies across the three sources are amplified in large blocks defined in terms of land area or by total housing units, blocks in suburban areas, and blocks that lack broadband access.
Introduction
Authors: Bleie Tone , Lightfoot Sheryl , Stamatopoulou Elsa
Published: November 2023

In introducing the book, this section puts forth and defines three fundamental academic approaches: border studies, international relations and Indigenous studies, and international law. This introduction briefly summarizes each subsequent chapter within the four sections of the book, each of which compiles work on a different cross-section of the relationship between Indigenous Peoples and borders. The introduction sets parameters and definitions for terms that are used throughout the book. It lays a framework of international law and human rights standards by examining Indigenous Peoples' interactions. The introduction also asserts that the book intends to examine contemporary issues and propose future steps and, in doing so, spur dialogue informed by Indigenous Peoples' own needs and advocacy.
Rethinking Neoliberal Internet Communication Technology Governance for Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Patel Melissa Z.
Published: November 2023

This chapter combats the prevalent idea that networked communications and internet communication technologies (ICTs) supersede state borders and have the power to facilitate political transformation by arguing instead that Indigenous technological governance is a precondition for the potential success of ICTs. In doing so, this chapter builds on frameworks of Indigenous data sovereignty to critique the ongoing neoliberal facilitation of ICT governance in the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). Rooted in Western colonial reasoning, ICT governance problematizes Indigenous development. This chapter puts forward an alternative framework for ICT governance in the KRI that is focused on fluid and shifting geographical, sociocultural, and political considerations. By following this framework, ICTs would adapt to Indigenous ways of knowing and living, helping to ensure self-determination and reduce the ongoing disenfranchisement of Indigenous Peoples in pursuit of a falsely purported borderless communications network.
Inter-organ communication during tissue regeneration
Authors: Sun Fei , Poss Kenneth D.
Published: November 2023

Tissue regeneration is not simply a local repair event occurring in isolation from the distant, uninjured parts of the body. Rather, evidence indicates that regeneration is a whole-animal process involving coordinated interactions between different organ systems. Here, we review recent studies that reveal how remote uninjured tissues and organ systems respond to and engage in regeneration. We also discuss the need for toolkits and technological advancements to uncover and dissect organ communication during regeneration.