bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local government in Russia: new ways of constructing explanatory models for the needs of public administration
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Baranets Sergei
Published: December 2021

The article proceeds from the concept of understanding local government in Russia as a projection of the potestar (pre-state) organization of public life, which transforms under the dominance of methods of state organization of public life, but retains its influence as the essential core of political and social interaction between people. The existing complex «state-municipal» mechanism for exercising power at the local level largely determines the forms and nature of political actors’ interaction at the regional level. State authorities, which are focused on the totality of their own administrative influences, have not yet succeeded in fully integrating local self-government into the general public space of responsibility for powers, since local power is unbuilt initially on the principles of autogenesis, autochthony and autonomy. The current situation contributes to the archaicism of a part of social relations. For some time now, to work in the multidimensional reality of society, the authorities have begun to need analytical models to understand what is happening. As an explanatory theoretical basis for the modes of existence of local authorities developed and described by the author in the current stage of development of Russian statehood, a modal methodology is used, supplemented by the results of constructing model-oriented political ontologies, which reflect the aggregates of the layers and actors of the municipal sphere of sociopolitical reality at the regional level that are actually and actively present in the Russian society. The author is interested in searching the patterns that operate in the environment created and cultivated by the organizational and activity efforts of state structures against the background of sociocultural and other characteristics inherent in the regions. Possible working models for the needs of public administration arising from the modes offered by the author are still under development, since the reform of constitutional rules proposed by the country’s leadership raises the question of new forms of organizing the continuum of coexistence and interaction of local and state authorities in Russia. The article outlines the main research lines that indicate a number of features and reference points of the author’s approach in understanding the relationship between local government and municipal government, which may serve as an occasion for a new circle of discussions of specialists interested in the prospects for the development of political potential in the Russian municipal environment.
. Internet Studies during the pandemic (following the proceedings of the conference «Internet beyond 2020»)
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Bogdanova Veronika , Gulevataya Anastasia ,   South Ural State University, Dydrov Artur ,   South Ural State University, Penner Regina ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2021

The article is an overview of the VI Scientific and Practical Conference «Internet beyond 2020» (April 22-24, 2021) organized by the online school of Internet research with the support of the Higher School of Economics. The conference program included workshop reports and round tables on the role of the global network, the evolution of art and education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference brought together representatives of social sciences and humanities (sociologists, cultural scientists, linguists), artists, designers, and specialists in the field of Internet studies. The organizers and participants of the conference tried to answer various questions, including the following. Is a modern person witnessing the emergence of fundamentally new anthropological practices? Is it possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of digital realities from single events of Internet studies, as well as predict the emergence and development of yet unknown social and anthropological transformations? Is it possible for a post-pandemic narrative conceptualizing the heterogeneous eventuality of our time to emerge?
Cycles of history: Russia’s tragic experience
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ershov Yurii
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of the cyclical nature of socio-historical development. Cyclicity is positioned as a universal feature of social development, making it possible to use the “lessons of history” in forecasting the future. Particular attention is paid to analyzing the causes of chronic disruptions in Russia’s modernization. The specificity of the Russian history cyclical nature is seen in the action of the institutional matrix, which unites authoritarianism and the suppression of private property into a monolithic whole.
Philosophy of mastery (as exemplified by P.P. Bazhov’s legacy
Authors:   Humanitarian University, Pogorelskaya Elena , Chernov Leonid ,   Ural State Mining University
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the philosophy of mastery presented in the tales of the Ural writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. The basis of the phenomenon of mastery is the classical philosophy of Plato in its Socratic version. The authors of the article see it as their goal to prove the close relationship between the practical handicraft Ural art, represented in the mythology and literature of P.P. Bazhov, and the classical metaphysical attitudes of European philosophy. The personality of the master becomes a cementing link between the natural world and the world of culture. Mastery in its philosophical and practical form acts as a support for the natural attitude towards nature, art, and towards man in general. The authors decipher the phenomenon of mastery in the tales of P.P. Bazhov, analyze his modes and the specifics of manifestation. Ural tales of P.P. Bazhov in describing the phenomena of mastery and genuine creative attitude to nature repeat the structure of the classical attitude to the world and logically correspond to the structure of the creative attitude of the master poet to the object he creates. The specificity of the Ural artcraftsmanship lies in the fact that the personality of the master is embodied not in an ideologist, not in a religious preacher, not in an intellectual, but in a master who interacts with the elements of nature as concretely and closely as possible. The work immerses P.P. Bazhov’s legends, written during the Soviet period of Russian history, in the global context of research into the nature of genuine living creativity, and also emphasizes the regional and very special specific aspect in the Ural mastery.
Analyzing the state of regional higher education systems
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Sandler Daniil
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Higher education systems at the present stage of development are facing new serious challenges. On the one hand, universities function as independent units, on the other, they are part of the regional system, they attract and share the attention of the stakeholders interested in the system (applicants, students, research and teaching staff, business structures, etc.). The purpose of the study is to assess the competitiveness of regional higher education systems through the formed system of indicators, as well as to draw conclusions about the degree of uniformity in the development of these networks. Methods. To assess the state of the higher education system in Russia, the author uses an indicative method of analysis, which makes it possible to determine the degree of compliance of the indicator values achieved by now with the criteria that meet the set requirements for the development of society. Scientific novelty of the research. The novelty of the research consists in forming a set of indicators, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the competitiveness of regional systems and the degree of their development uniformity, as well as the number of universities in the regional system and their influence on the entire system, according to their uniform development relative to each other. Results. Following the results of diagnosing the regional higher education systems, the author identifies the regions-leaders and the regions-outsiders. The diagnostic results are compared with the data of international rankings. Conclusions. The conclusion states that the region with fewer but equally developing universities (for example, the Belgorod region or the Republic of Tatarstan) have higher indicators of competitiveness. On the contrary, regional higher education systems, represented by a large number of universities, but with unevenly developing performance indicators, are characterized as less competitive, i.e. the performance indicators of the leading university are leveled within the system as a whole.
Public policy and resort industry
Authors:   Moscow Scientific Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, RAZUMOV ALEXANDER , SAFONOV MAXIM ,   National Resort Association
Published: December 2021

For the past three centuries, sanatorium treatment has been an integral part of the Russian health care system. Wise use of natural resources can significantly reduce the morbidity rate, prevent many diseases, and effectively treat chronic illness. In Russia, after the reforms of the 1990s, the health resort complex was not able to immediately enter the market of services, which led to a reduction of personnel, obsolescence of material and technical base. However, nowadays, the situation is changing radically. At the moment, the state has already solved the problems of the transition period but has faced other challenges in the field of health protection of the nation. The author concludes that special attention should be paid to the further development of the industry aimed at recovering the most valuable resource – a person.
THE CONCEPT OF THE DIGITAL STATE: DEFINITION, NATURE, STRUCTURE, AND ONTOLOGY
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, PONKIN IGOR
Published: December 2021

The article studies the phenomenon and concept of the digital state. The author reveals the general concept and importance of digitalization in public administration. The article explains the problems of relevant interpretation and the limits of applicability of the concept to the system of public administration. The author considers methods, approaches, and prospects for improving the efficiency of public administration in the context of the digitalization of society and puts forward his concept for the term “digital government”. Using methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction and abduction, classification, and formalization, the work reveals the essential descriptive characteristics of the phenomenon and concept of the digital state. After the data analysis, it is proposed to consider the concept of digital state in four interpretative definitions: as an ecosystem of multiservice and proactive state digital services; as an integrated computer and software meta-platform; as an organizational and technological approach and corresponding paradigm; and as a digital ontology of state-building and functioning, public administration and public policy. According to the author’s interpretation, the concept of the “digital state” includes: “digital government”, “digital democracy”, “digital justice”, “digital electoral technologies”, “digital public control of public administration”.
CURRENT ISSUES OF REGULATING THE CRYPTOCURRENCY TURNOVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, LEVIN LEONID
Published: December 2021

The article studies the issues of regulating the cryptocurrency circulation, the relationship between the space of fiat money (money, not secured by gold and other precious metals, when the nominal value is set and guaranteed by the state, regardless of the value of the material used for their manufacture) and a large number of new digital payment instruments, as well as examines the control over their circulation and conversion. The purpose of the article is to identify actual legal gaps in the regulation of cryptocurrencies, the uncertainties of their legal status and to find the promising conditions for its effective integration with the financial and economic space of the Russian Federation. The study is carried out considering the importance of preserving the financial, economic, and social security of the state. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for rapid development of the digital economy and accelerated formation of information society relations. The imperfection of the current regulatory framework remains due to the conceptual differences between centralized and decentralized approaches to determining the monetary component of currency policy of the state.
STANDARDIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF PERSONNEL PROCESSES IN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES CONSIDERING THE PRINCIPLE OF CUSTOMER-CENTRICITY
Authors:   FSBI “All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Labor” of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, SLADKOVA NADEZHDA , VOSKRESENSKAIA OLGA ,   FSBI “All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Labor” of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2021

The article presents the process of automation of personnel processes in public authorities based on one of the essential principles of customer-centricity. This approach involves the implementation of any services (external and internal) considering the needs of customers. The article studies the needs of HR departments’ employees, top-level managers of public authorities in the field of standardization of personnel processes, and use of personnel information systems, including obtaining HR analytics. The analysis allowed to make some suggestions for improving the Unified Information System for Personnel Management of the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation (EISUKS). The authors believe that modeling the EISUKS architecture is necessary to support and provide essential personnel standardized processes as well as services for different target groups.
Minigene splicing assays reveal new insights into exonic variants of the SLC12A3 gene in Gitelman Syndrome.
Authors: Shi Xiaomeng , Liu Qihua , Zhang Ruixiao , Liu Zhiying , Guo Wencong , Wang Sai , Liu Xuyan , Lang Yanhua , Bottillo Irene , Shao Leping
Published: December 2021

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a kind of salt-losing tubular disease, most of
which is caused by SLC12A3 gene variants, and missense variants
account for the majority. Recently, the phenomenon of exon skipping, in
which exonic variants disrupt normal pre-mRNA splicing, has been related
to a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the
effect of previously presumed missense SLC12A3 variants on
pre-mRNA splicing using bioinformatics tools and minigenes. The results
revealed that, among ten candidate variants, six variants
(c.602G>A, c.602G>T, c.1667C>T,
c.1925G>A, c.2548G>C and
c.2549G>C) led to complete or incomplete exon skipping by
affecting exonic splicing regulatory elements and/or disturbing
canonical splice sites. It is worth mentioning that this is the largest
study on pre-mRNA splicing of SLC12A3 exonic variants. In
addition, our study emphasizes the importance of detecting splicing
function at the mRNA level in GS and indicates that minigene analysis is
a valuable tool for splicing functional assays of variants in
vitro.
Disease-severity in subsequent pregnancies with RhD immunization: a nationwide cohort
Authors: Zwiers Carolien , Slootweg Yolentha , Koelewijn Joke , Ligthart Peter , Bom Johanna van der , Kamp Inge , Lopriore Enrico , Schoot Ellen van der , Oepkes Dick , Haas Masja de
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE(S): to evaluate the severity of HDFN in subsequent pregnancies
with RhD immunization and to identify predictive factors for severe
disease. DESIGN: prospective cohort. SETTING: the Netherlands.
POPULATION: nationwide selection of all pregnant women with RhD
antibodies. METHODS: women with two subsequent RhD immunized pregnancies
with RhD-positive children after antibodies were detected were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: the severity of HDFN in the first and subsequent
pregnancy at risk. RESULTS: 62 RhD immunized women with a total of 150
RhD-positive children were included. The severity of HDFN increased
significantly in the subsequent pregnancy (P<.001), although
it remained equal or even decreased in 44% of women. When antibodies
were already detected at first trimester screening in the first
immunized pregnancy, severe HDFN in the next pregnancy was uncommon
(22%), especially when no therapy or only non-intensive phototherapy
was indicated during the first pregnancy (6%), or if the ADCC result
remained <10%. Contrarily, women with antibodies detected
during the first pregnancy of a RhD positive child (>= 27th
week), most often before they had ever received RhIg prophylaxis, were
most prone for severe disease in a subsequent pregnancy (48%).
CONCLUSION(S): RhD-mediated HDFN in a subsequent pregnancy is generally
more severe than in the first pregnancy at risk and can be estimated
using moment of antibody detection and severity in the first immunized
pregnancy. Women developing antibodies in their first pregnancy of a
RhD-positive child are at highest risk of severe disease in the next
pregnancy.
NEUROERGONOMIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO – COMO A AVALIAÇÃO PSICOFISIOLÓGICA PODE CONTRIBUIR
Authors: Dos Santos Márcia Seixas , N. Vianna dos Santos Flávio Anthero
Published: December 2021

Ao contrário das funções motoras e sensórias, os estados afetivos do homem não são absolutamente mapeados, constituindo objeto de inúmeros estudos e pesquisas por distintas áreas do conhecimento. As medições psicofisiológicas fornecem, devido a uma tecnologia cada dia mais avançada, meios mais diretos para o reconhecimento de emoções. Nessa direção, o presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar uma revisão sistemática de experimentos com abordagens eletroencefalográficas (EEG) para investigar a especificidade da atividade cerebral associada a diferentes estados emocionais do ser humano com o ambiente construído. Desse modo, foram apresentados três artigos, selecionados para análise de métodos e procedimentos utilizados, que correlacionassem a aplicação de EEG em diferentes situações de estímulos dos estados afetivos do homem. Esse trabalho permitiu um conhecimento mais aprofundado dessa técnica de avaliação de processos cognitivos humano com o espaço construído, intencionando a contribuição com estudos científicos, e como recomendação a trabalhos futuros.
Meteoroloģisko faktoru un stādmateriāla ietekme uz papeļu augšanu = Effect of meteorological factors and planting material on poplar growth
Authors:   ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Senhofa Silva
Published: December 2021

Forestry is challenged by the global demand for sustainable renewable resources. Fast-growing tree species are highly productive and pose the potential to increase roundwood and energy wood production. In Northern Europe, poplars (Populus spp.) and their hybrids are among the most productive tree species. The productivity of poplar plantations is mainly determined by selected clones. Northern European countries lack wide and systematic poplar breeding programs, therefore mainly uses clones that are imported from other European regions. Clones that are transferred northward from their parental species origin should be suitable to an altered length of the vegetation period and low temperatures during the winter season. Clonal testing before recommendation for their commercial use is topical also in Latvia. The thesis aims to characterize the growth of the poplar clones in Latvia and the factors affecting it. This thesis summarizes six thematically linked scientific publications, and their results indicate the significant effect of climatic factors on poplar growth. The radial growth of Populus clones is negatively affected by drought-related stress during the growing season and increased temperature range during the dormancy. Height growth is determined by clone and length of the cuttings, and faster-growing clones are more robust to the negative effect of meteorological factors during the growing season. The faster-growing clones are more likely to have damaged leading shoots by early autumn frost. Trees that have withered aboveground shoots by autumn frost are sprouting during the next growing season, but the regrowth is delayed. Winter frost damage is more likely for weakly growing clones. Overall, fast-growing clones with sufficient autumn and winter frost resistance and survival could be selected.
Potential of renewable sources in Ukraine
Authors: Doronin Andrii , Polishchuk Olena , Rybchak Vitalii
Published: December 2021

Bearing in mind a serious dependence of Ukraine on the import of oil products, it is of great significance for Ukraine to develop own manufacture and to increase the share of oil product substitution with biofuel. It is not possible to develop biofuel market without solving a number of economic and organizational problems, which is why it is expedient to introduce financial-economic stimuli for biofuel producers and to build a stable demand for alternative kinds of fuel. In Ukraine the manufacture of alternative fuels almost terminated, however the solution of the problem of biofuel manufacture will depend on the coordination of joint actions of the state, participants of market relations and the development of the system of measures aimed at the creation of pre-conditions to enhance a competitive biofuel market in Ukraine, taking into consideration foreign experience and current tendencies of the manufacture and use of the alternative energy sources.
Zmiany stopnia wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych w okresie zwalczania pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce
Authors: Gabryjończyk Katarzyna , Gabryjończyk Piotr
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest poznanie zmiany stopnia wykorzystania turystycznych obiektów noclegowych w Polsce w okresie zwalczania pandemii COVID-19 (rok 2020) względem lat poprzedzających pojawienie się koronawirusa (2016–2019). Wykorzystaną metodą badawczą była analiza literatury oraz danych statystycznych publikowanych przez GUS. Zaobserwowane zmiany przedstawiono na tle wprowadzanych i znoszonych w 2020 r. w poszczególnych obszarach życia społecznego i gospodarczego obostrzeń. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, że negatywne przekształcenia w zakresie wielkości ruchu turystycznego były najsilniejsze w czasie obowiązywania największych restrykcji, z wyraźnie zarysowanym szczytem w pierwszym okresie zwalczania COVID-19. Zaobserwowano także, że zmiany te dotyczyły w większym stopniu zagranicznej turystyki przyjazdowej, sytuacja pandemiczna zmieniła zaś wybory turystów krajowych w zakresie czasu i modelu wypoczynku.
Małe ośrodki miejskie a smart city – wstępna identyfikacja zagadnienia
Authors: Józefowicz Karolina
Published: December 2021

Koncepcja smart city pojawił się w literaturze w latach 90. XX wieku jako narzędzie, które poprzez zastosowanie w miastach nowoczesnej infrastruktury ma złagodzić generowane przez nie problemy, w efekcie dążąc do poprawy jakości życia i zrównoważonego rozwoju. W literatury naukowej koncepcja ta koncentruje się przede wszystkim na metropoliach i dużych miastach, brak jest natomiast badań podejmujących wyeksponowania podejścia smart city w małych miastach. Celem artykułu jest próba implementacji koncepcji smart city do poziomu małych miast, czyli wyjaśnienia pojęcia inteligentnych małych ośrodków miejskich. Kolejnym aspektem jest wskazanie płaszczyzn, w ramach których w małych miastach przejawiać się mogą inicjatywy w dążeniu do bycia inteligentnym miastem.
Preferencje mieszkańców Białegostoku w zakresie spędzania czasu wolnego na terenach leśnych
Authors: Pietrzak-Zawadka Joanna , Malej Paulina
Published: December 2021

Zarówno na terenie Białegostoku, jak i w jego otoczeniu występują liczne obszary leśne o dużych walorach środowiska przyrodniczego. Dzięki sprzyjającemu położeniu w granicach Puszczy Knyszyńskiej, urozmaiconej rzeźbie i bogatej szacie roślinnej są one źródłem zaspokojenia potrzeb wypoczynkowych, zdrowotnych i rekreacyjnych mieszkańców miasta. W opracowaniu zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. Dokonano także analiz dotyczących funkcji lasu w zaspokajaniu potrzeb rekreacyjnych mieszkańców na terenach leśnych. Obszary leśne położone w obrębie Białegostoku stanowią ważne miejsce wypoczynku i rekreacji mieszkańców, jak również istotny element systemu przyrodniczego Białegostoku o funkcjach rekreacyjnej, dydaktycznej, społecznej, a także prozdrowotnej.
The importance and use of forest areas in local development
Authors: Pietrzak-Zawadka Joanna , Zawadka Jan
Published: December 2021

Forest areas and related resources are significant determinants of local development. Especially in regions characterized by considerable forest cover, the forest may constitute the basis and determine the pace and direction of socio-economic development. The study presents local development issues and discusses the diverse role and potential impact of the presence of forest areas on this development. The analysis of the scientific literature in this field allows us to conclude that this impact is highly significant, complex, and multifaceted and that conscious and responsible forest use planning can be the basis for the sustainable development of many territorial units.
Analytical assessment of sunflower production in ukraine
Authors: Voliak Lesia
Published: December 2021

The article considers the current state of sunflower production in Ukraine. The main indicators of the industry, the dynamics of changes in the area of sunflower crops, yield and profitability are analyzed. The main factors influencing the production of sunflower using index analysis have been studied. The regional structure of sunflower production is considered with the separation of groups of enterprises by organizational form. Ukrainian enterprises are provided with proposals to increase the level of industry development and production.
Long-term assessment of conventional and mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion on the nasal cavity
Authors: Mehta Shivam , Gandhi Vaibhav , Vich Manuel Lagravere , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Tadinada Aditya , Yadav Sumit
Published: December 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the long-term effects of mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and controls on the nasal cavity with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods

A total of 180 CBCT scans that were part of a previous randomized trial were evaluated retrospectively for 60 patients at pretreatment (T1), postexpansion (T2), and posttreatment (T3). Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: MARPE, RPE, and controls (time period T1 to T3; MARPE: 2 years 8 months; RPE: 2 years 9 months; control: 2 years 7 months). Nasal height, nasal length, nasion–ANS height, ANS–PNS length, pyriform height, and nasal septal deviation angle were measured. The changes in alar width, alar base width, anterior nasal cavity width, posterior nasal cavity width, maxillary intermolar width, and maxillary intercanine width were also evaluated.

Results

The alar base width, posterior nasal cavity width, anterior nasal cavity width, maxillary intercanine width, and maxillary intermolar width significantly increased (P < .05), and the nasal septal deviation angle significantly decreased (P < .05) in both the MARPE and RPE groups as compared with controls in the short term. In the long term, the nasal septal deviation angle was significantly decreased (P < .05) in the MARPE and RPE groups as compared with controls, and the posterior nasal cavity width was significantly increased (P < .05) in the MARPE group compared with the RPE group and controls.

Conclusions

MARPE and RPE led to a significant increase in the nasal cavity and alar base width compared with controls in the short term. In the long term, a significant increase was observed only in the posterior nasal cavity width with MARPE. Both MARPE and RPE led to a minimal decrease in nasal septal deviation angle in comparison with controls.
6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
Authors:   American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee
Published: December 2021

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Infeksi pada Vagina (Vaginitis)
Authors: Utami Luh Putu Prihandini , Sri Wahyuni Ni Putu Dewi
Published: December 2021

Infeksi pada vagina sering dikenal dengan istilah vaginitis. Penyebab vaginitis, 70% diantaranya disebabkan oleh bakterial vaginosis, candidiasis, dan trikomoniasis. Sedangkan sisanya 30% dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lain seperti penurunan estrogen. Vaginitis terjadi pada wanita yang telah memasuki fase pubertas maupun akan memasuki fase menopause dengan faktor resiko berupa kurangnya higenitas, hubungan seksual tanpa pengaman dengan banyak pasangan, penyakit menular seksual, dan lainnya. Gejala dan ciri khas masing-masing tipe vaginitis dapat dibedakan berdasarkan gambaran discharge yang dihasilkan serta kondisi fisik dari vagina. Dalam menentukan diagnosis dari vaginitis dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa pengukuran pH vagina, kriteria amsel, whiff test, dan mikroskopi menggunakan KOH dan saline. Pengobatan vaginitis dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian obat topical ataupun sistemik sesuai dengan tipe penyebab vaginitis. Penyakit infeksi vagina ini tidak sampai menyebabkan kematian. Namun apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat menimbulkan komplikasi, berupa radang panggul, servisitis mukopurulent, selusitis vagina, kemudian apabila dialami oleh ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan keguguran, ketuban pecah dini, kelahiran premature, korioamnionitis, dan infeksi cairan ketuban. Prognosis pada penyakit vaginitis ini umumnya baik dan hampir semua dapat disembuhkan, namun yang patut diwaspadai adalah vaginitis yang berulang atau recurrent karena dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Pencegahan vaginitis dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan menjaga higenitas vagina serta penggunaan pengaman saat berhubungan seksual. Kata kunci: Vaginitis, Gejala, Tatalaksana
Diet Divertikulitis
Authors: Dwiyanti Dewa Ayu Ari , Suputra Putu Adi
Published: December 2021

Divertikulitis adalah peradangan pada divertikula ( kantong kecil yang menonjol yang dapat terbentuk di lapisan sistem pencernaan,terutama di usus besar) dan merupakan komplikasi penting dari penyakit divertikular. Patofisiologi dari divertikulitis adalah penyumbatan kantung divertikulum oleh fecalith, yang dengan iritasi pada mukosa menyebabkan peradangan tingkat rendah, kemacetan dan obstruksi lebih lanjut. Divertikulitis dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu divertikulitis tidak rumit dan divertikultis rumit. Diverikulitis ini memiliki gejala seperti mual, muntah , nyeri abdomen, konstipasi, Kelemahan dan keletihan. Pengobatan divertikulitis dilakukan sesuai dengan tergantung pada seberapa parah kondisi yang dialami. Jika divertikulitis yang dialami berat atau rumit maka diperlukan penanganan reseksi bedah, sedangkan divertikulitis ringan atau tidak rumit dimana belum mengalami komplikasi dapat diberikan pengobatan antibiotik ataupun modifikasi diet. Modifikasi diet contohnya diet tinggi serat untuk mengoptimalkan pergerakan usus mereka, namun ini disarankan  setelah episode akut telah diselesaikan dan diet FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligo, Disakarida, Monosakarida, serta Poliol) yang rendah dapat membantu mencegah terulangnya divertikulitis. Diet tinggi serat adalah modifikasi dari susunan makanan biasa dengan menambah bahan pangan yang banyak mengandung serat pangan, sedangkan FODMAP (Fermentable, Oligosakarida, Disakarida, Monosakarida, serta Poliol), adalah kelompok heterogen dari karbohidrat dan poliol rantai pendek yang sangat mudah difermentasi tetapi kurang terserap. Kata kunci: Divertikulitis, Diet Tinggi Serat, dan Diet Rendah FODMAP
Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif Akibat Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Okaniawan Putu Enrico Pramana , Agustini Ni Nyoman Mestri
Published: December 2021

Penyakit diabetes melitus merupakan suatu golongan penyakit sistemik yang merupakan penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi seluruh tubuh. Berdasarkan studi neuroimaging dan neuropatologis, diabetes melitus rupanya terlibat dalam proses degenerasi saraf. Etiologi dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif ialah beberapa penyakit degeneratif seperti alzheimer. Faktor resiko dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif akibat diabetes ialah kejadian berulang episode hipoglikemia, pasien dengan manifestasi mikrovaskular (seperti diabetic retinopathy) atau penyakit makrovaskular (seperti infark atau stroke miokard), resistensi insulin, peradangan, dan depresi. Penyakit ini dapat mempengaruhi kognitif melalui gangguan pada pembuluh darah otak. Efek DMT1 terhadap gangguan kognitif dapat terjadi pada anak serta efek DMT2 dapat meningkatkan resiko gangguan kognitif ringan menjadi demensia. Saat ini belum ada teknik diagnosis dan tatalaksana yang terbaik, namun sejumlah penelitian klinis telah menyoroti potensi Traditional Chinese Medicine dalam proses tatalaksana ini Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Kognitif, Memori
DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2: FAKTOR RISIKO, DIAGNOSIS, DAN TATALAKSANA
Authors: Widiasari Kadek Resa , Wijaya I Made Kusuma , Suputra Putu Adi
Published: December 2021

AbstrakDiabetes melitus menggambarkan sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang temuan umumnya adalah kadar glukosa darah yang meningkat. Pada usia 20-79 tahun, terdapat 463 juta atau setara 9,3% orang di dunia menderita diabetes pada tahun 2019. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 ditandai dengan defisiensi insulin relatif yang disebabkan oleh disfungsi sel pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Faktor risiko penyebabnya dibagi menjadi dua yaitu faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Gejala klasik diabetes seperti poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia dan penurunan berat badan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan sebabnya. Empat tes diagnostik untuk diabetes yaitu pengukuran glukosa plasma puasa, glukosa plasma 2 jam setelah TTGO 75 g, HbA1c, dan glukosa darah acak dengan adanya tanda dan gejala klasik diabetes. Tatalaksana dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Tatalaksana non farmakologis terdiri atas edukasi, nutrisi medis, dan latihan fisik. Terapi farmakologis terdiri atas obat oral dan bentuk suntikan dalam bentu obat anti hiperglikemik dan insulin. Terapi farmakologi dan non farmakologi ini berjalan beriringan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature review dan diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan kedepan dalam melakukan tindakan pencegahan dan pengobatan pasien diabetes melitus sehingga prevalensi berkurang dan komplikasi dapat dihindari.   AbstractDiabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic diseases whose common finding is elevated blood glucose levels. At the age of 20-79 years, there were 463 million or 9.3% of people in the world suffer from diabetes in 2019. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by relative insulin deficiency caused by pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The risk factors that cause it are divided into two, namely modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The classic symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and unexplained weight loss. The four diagnostic tests for diabetes are measurement of fasting plasma glucose, plasma glucose 2 hours after OGTT 75 g, HbA1c, and randomized blood glucose in the presence of classic signs and symptoms of diabetes. Treatment is divided into two, namely pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological management consists of education, medical nutrition, and physical exercise. Pharmacological therapy consists of oral drugs and injections in the form of anti-hyperglycemic drugs and insulin. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy goes hand in hand. The writing of this article uses the literature review method and is expected to be used as a future reference in carrying out prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus patients so that prevalence is reduced and complications can be avoided.
Enhancing safety and reliability of electric power supply to consumers through safe electricity networks of up to 1 kV
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shelekh Yurii , Sabat Myroslav , Lysiak Vladyslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Parashchuk Lidija ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
Published: December 2021

The study presents an electric network that allows both increasing the level of electrical safety and eliminating one-phase damage to the electrical network without switching off the consumer's electric energy. The application of the network does not require significant investments. The technical feasibility of implementing an electrical installation with voltage values in the emergency mode on the leading parts, which does not exceed the permissible values for normal mode, is demonstrated. An additional advantage of the proposed technical solution is the immutability of the voltage at the customer's outputs, which allows it to operate normally also in the emergency mode of the electrical installation.
Switching overvoltages protection of power electronics converters with gate turn-off thyristors
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Fediv Yevhen , Sivakova Olha , Lysiak Vladyslav , Korchak Mykhailo
Published: December 2021

Using the developed models in the “Simulink” visual programming environment of the “Matlab” application package using the “SimPowerSystem” and “Simscape Electrical” libraries, a comparative analysis of methods and techniques for limiting switching overvoltages in power converters, which are controlled by unlocking two-operation thyristors, was performed. The choice of a specific means of limitation is individual for each converter and depends on many factors - the power of the converter, the current-voltage characteristics of thyristors, the parameters of the power supply, and so on. Studies have shown that the most effective protection against voltage pulses with short duration and significant amplitude is the use of “Transient Voltage Suppressors” limiting diodes, the action of which is based on the use of avalanche breakdown during the time of thyristor unlocking.
Algorithm for calculating flowrate of fluid energy carrier for flowmeter based on standard long radius nozzle
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lesovoy Leonid , Matiko Fedir , Maidanovych Iryna
Published: December 2021

New equation and algorithm are developed for non-iterative calculating flowrate of fluid energy carrier for pressure differential flowmeter based on long radius nozzle. This equation implicitly contains three build-in iterative cycles for calculating flowrate. According to the results of comparing the flowrate values obtained by developed non-iterative algorithm to the flowrate values by standard iterative algorithm, the authors found that the developed non-iterative algorithm ensures the accuracy of flowrate calculation specified by the requirements of DSTU GOST 8.586.5:2009. Therefore, the proposed equation and algorithm for calculating flowrate can be used for flowmeters based on standard long radius nozzle for both technological and commercial metering flowrate of fluid energy carriers. Application of the developed algorithm makes it possible to increase the speed of calculating flowrate of fluid energy carriers by means of microprocessor controllers.
Simulation of pressurized water reactor to find the best control solution
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic State University, Petik Taia , Vataman Viktoriia , Beglov Konstantin
Published: December 2021

Since it is impossible to simultaneously control all technological and thermal parameters of the nuclear reactor, a vertically distributed model of a power unit was developed, which allows determining the axial offset and analyzing the behavior of thermal and neutron-physical processes of individual zones in core during boron control and movement of rods, as well as regulating the power of the nuclear reactor. For ten vertically distributed zones, neutrons and thermal processes in the reactor core were analyzed, as was the change of the axial offset during the discharge of the reactor load under the influence of the movement of the rods and the increase in the boric acid concentration. The purpose of this publication is to develop a vertically distributed model of the facility and use information technology to find the best solution for the control of a pressurized water reactor.
The Challenge of Nissology:A Global Outlook on the World Archipelago Part II: The Global and Scientific Vocation of Nissology
Authors: Depraetere Christian
Published: December 2021

Islands are the rule and not the exception. One major objective for nissology- defined as the study of islands and islandness - in the 21st century should be to debunk the unfair prejudice that island studies’continues to suffer at present time. To do so, a systematic treatment of the island phenomenon needs to be undertaken and this should be backed up by substantial theoretical underpinnings. In seeking to turn the dominant continental paradigm on its head, islands not only deserve to be“studied on their own terms”; they also become the deus ex machina of a holistic understanding of the world archipelago and its ongoing globalization. This vision should contribute towards bridging the gap between'continentalists’who tend to consider islands only as epiphenomena of larger land trends. and 'island studies’practitioners. This paper,the second of two segments, focuses mainly on the contribution of islands to global cultural and biological diversity. and concludes with an appeal for a more rigorous, pan-epistemic treatment of island studies.
Studying Islands: On Whose Terms? Some Epistemological and Methodological Challenges to the Pursuit of Island Studies
Authors: Baldacchino Godfrey
Published: December 2021

The pursuit of nissology, or island studies, calls for a re-centering of focus from mainland to island, away from the discourse of conquest of mainlanders, giving voice and platform for the expression of island narratives. Yet, studying islands ‘on their own terms’, in spite of its predilection for “authenticity”, is fraught with epistemological and methodological difficulties. The insider/outsider distinction does not work all that well when it comes to islands, where hybridity is the norm. This paper seeks to extend this debate, grappling especially with the contributions of Grant McCall and Peter Hay to the sparse literature. Five dilemmas related to indigenous island geographies are presented and discussed, in a semi-autobiographical style
Start-up Success in a Small Island State: A Study among Entrepreneurs in Malta
Authors: Baldacchino Leonie , Cassar Vincent , Caruana Albert
Published: December 2021

This study focuses on entrepreneurs in the small island state of Malta and investigates whether starting up and running an enterprise is facilitated or hindered by being in a small island environment. Specifically it asks (1) whether being on a small island, on the periphery of a major market, facilitates or hinders entrepreneurship and start-up success; (2) whether Malta’s cultural context and enterprise environment affect entrepreneurship and start-up success; (3) what the key success factors among Maltese start-ups are; and (4) how creativity and innovation are reflected in Maltese start-ups. Qualitative research among 13 start-ups is supported by telephone-based research among a sample of 90 respondents. Findings contribute to the pool of business expertise and context-specific information from small island states that is often missing from the international literature.
Between De Jure and De Facto Statehood: Revisiting the Status Issue for Taiwan
Authors: Bartmann Barry
Published: December 2021

This paper revisits the status prospects for Taiwan in light of recent events in Kosovo and Tibet. In both cases, and certainly in Taiwan itself, the long standing contest between claims for self determination and the tenacious defence of the principle of the territorial integrity of states has emerged once again to dominate the analysis of these cases. This contest is particularly dramatic in the divided international response to the independence of Kosovo. In the case of Tibet, widespread international support for Tibet is in sharp contrast to the furious and determined resistance of China. Taiwan’s anomalous status remains that of a legal sovereign state, the Republic of China, enjoying some measure of recognition and formal diplomacy and a de facto state whose international relations are confined to paradiplomatic channels, extensive though they are. The paper considers the prospects for changes in the current anomalous status of the island state.
Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the hepatobiliary system among children who live in an ecologically unfavourable district
Authors: M. V. Luchak  , O. Z. Hnateiko  , N. S. Lukianenko  , S. O. Pechenyk
Published: December 2021

A comparative analysis of the clinicoparaclinical manifestations of hepatobiliary pathology in 66 children, living under different ecological conditions has been carried out. It has been found out that ecologically conditioned pathology is of a nonspecific, polysystemic character in examined children. A high rate of early manifestations of hepatobiliary pathology has been diagnosed in the patients due to their living in the region contaminated by oil-processing products. The findings of the research have shown that a possible manifestation of a dysfunction of the hepatobiliary system in children from an ecologically unfavourable region is the onset of the biochemical signs of the syndrome of cholestasis.
Specific characteristics of the functional state of the myocardium in patients with stable angina pectoris combined with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: I. V. Malyshevs’ka
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) on the myocardial dysfunction. More marked signs of a remodelling of the left ventricle (LV) have been established in patients with a combination of stable angina (SA) and MS, irrespective of the state of the global contractility of the LV. We haven’t detected a correlation between the indices of the intracardiac hemodynamics and the markers of the atherosclerotic process, namely, the level of total cholesterol (TCS) and C-reactive protein (CRP).