bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Improvement in Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teacher’s Towards Various Aspects of Paediatric Dentistry after Education Intervention
Authors: Merin Sara Sojan  , Swapnil Taur  , N. D. Shashikiran  , Savita Hadakar  , Namrata Gaonkar  , Sachin Gugwad  , Dhirajkumar Mane
Published: January 2024

Background: Dental Health Education in teachers has prominently invested the knowledge aboutvarious aspects of paediatric dentistry. Oral health theories and implementations can be augmentedand reinforced by teachers who can work allied with dental professionals thereby bringing noteworthyimprovement in oral health status of children. Therefore it is analytical to ascertain knowledge andpositive attitude towards various aspects of paediatric dentistry of primary school teachers who area primary care giver and mentor to children. Material and Methods: The interventional study wasoutlined by two stage cluster sample. A total of four thirty seven primary school teachers took partin the research where the data was first collected by a close ended questionnaire. Re- evaluation wasconducted after the education intervention and the results were statistically examined. Results: Pretests revealed that only 52% primary school teachers had sufficient knowledge and positive attitudetowards various aspects of paediatric dentistry. After the education intervention, post tests revealed75.5% primary school teacher’s good knowledge and positive attitude towards various aspects ofpaediatric dentistry which was appreciated. It was found statistically significance after post interventionwith p<0.05. Conclusion: The study observes that the there is a notable innocence and knowledge gapconcerning the knowledge about oral health and various aspects of paediatric dentistry that a primaryschool teacher holds and this has accentuated more the requirement of education intervention amongprimary school teachers to bring out better oral health status in children.
Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Lip Prints among Students Doing a Professional Course in Bengaluru
Authors: Chethan Krishna  , Geetha KB  , Ipsita Debata  , TEJAS. J
Published: January 2024

Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise.Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others.
Acoustic Variation in Ictalurid Catfishes
Authors: Lopez Lecorchick Jessica Rose , Flecker Alexander , Rice Aaron
Published: January 2024

More than 35,000 ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) species are potentially using acoustic communication. However, of the approximately 1200 known soniferous fish species, few include North American freshwater fish. To help fill this knowledge gap in fish acoustic communication, which holds great promise for conservation monitoring, I document acoustic measurements (duration 90%, bandwidth 90%, number of pulses, center frequency, and peak time) across 4 species (Ameiurus nebulosus, Ameiurus natalis, Noturus flavus, Ictalurus punctatus) from 3 genera of the North American catfish family, Ictaluridae. This was done by recording 10 trials of disturbance calls from 28 individuals and analyzing 1294 sounds using Raven Pro 1.6 software. I hypothesized that: 1) more phylogenetically/morphologically related species would have more similar acoustic features, 2) acoustic features would correlate with one another, and 3) acoustic features would correlate with standard length (cm). For hypothesis 1, I instead found that Ameriurus nebulosus was the most acoustically dissimilar, despite having the highest level of phylogenetic/morphological similarity with Ameirus natalis. However, only Ameriurus nebulosus' number of pulses were significantly different from other species. For hypothesis 2, it was found that many acoustic measurements were correlated with one another as predicted. For hypothesis 3, only the number of pulses was found to be significantly correlated with standard length, but minimally so. These findings further support that pulsation measurements may contain a high level of phylogenetic signal, given that it is the most crucial characteristic to differentiate species.
China in Africa
Authors: Sharma Naveen
Published: January 2024

Through investment, loans, political influence, and migration, China is utilizing an inventive form of neocolonialism on African nations that continues the cycle of underdevelopment. It is a colonialism that does not mirror the tactics and strategies of the Europeans before, but instead creates the façade of partnership and trust for the extraction of natural African wealth through soft power. This study is meant to examine how Sino-African investment is affecting African economies, resources, labor, environment, and diplomacy and argue that it fulfills the requirements of neocolonialism. The methodology for this study is mixed methods, including analytical, applied, and exploratory research. Using secondary sources, such as books, journals, and data sites, the research consists of collecting data and displaying it under different circumstances to support the argument and raise new questions. An example of this is with thesection on labor, where the absence of labor rights is attractive or unattractive depending on the context or point of view of the scenario. Although this creates complexities in the research process, it also opens new inquiries and arguments. Through each section, the attributes of China’s soft power through a continued interest in African resources will show its equivalence as a neocolonial force that keeps African nations dependent on Chinese investment.
PROBLEMS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Коляда Наталия Александровна
Published: January 2024

В данной статье делается попытка проанализировать существующие методы и приемы обучения иностранным языкам, выявить причины низкого уровня знаний иностранных языков россиянами. В статье предпринимается попытка внедрения изучения иностранных языков в дошкольных учреждениях, что позволит развивать мышление ребенка, позволит заинтересовать его через игру, знакомиться с другими мирами и подготовить себя, в итоге, к профессиональной деятельности.
Евразийские модели и динамика региональной интеграции в Центральной Азии: сравнительный анализ
Authors: Проскуряков М.Р.
Published: January 2024

В представленной статье рассматриваются подходы к региональной интеграции в странах Центральной Азии. Основной акцент сделан на евразийстве как на ключевом элементе. Стратегии Казахстана, Узбекистана и Кыргызстана анализируются через призму национальных идентичностей. Внимание уделяется их внешним отношениям и ответам на вызовы геополитики. Статья предоставляет сравнительный анализ региональных процессов.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Цуциева Е.В. , Романова Е.В.
Published: January 2024

В настоящее время медицинские информационные системы (МИС) активно развиваются. Их роль в сфере здравоохранения стремительно растет. Дальнейшее совершенствование МИС поможет существенно улучшить качество оказываемой медицинской помощи.
РАЗРАБОТКА ПРОЕКТНО-ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ КОМПЛЕКСА МАЛЫХ АРХИТЕКТУРНЫХ ФОРМ «АНБУР»
Authors: Дулова К.К. , Некрасов Р.В.
Published: January 2024

В статье, в общих чертах, прослеживается творческий процесс разработки комплекса малых архитектурных форм «Анбур»: последовательность этапов разработки, роль культурно-исторического анализа в формировании образно-смысловой составляющей авторской проектно-художественной концепции, определяется значение компьютерных технологий в проектировании общественной среды открытого типа.
GENRE AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF MODERN VISUAL (PRINTED) POLITICAL ADVERTISING
Authors: ХРОМОВ С.С. ХРОМОВ С.С. , РАСПОПОВ А.А. РАСПОПОВ А.А.
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматриваются языковые, жанровые и стилистические характеристики визуальной (печатной) политической рекламы. Материалом для анализа послужили примеры традиционных визуальных образцов печатной рекламы.

The article examines the language, genre and style of visual (printed) political advertising. The object of this research is visual (printed) political advertising. The samples of traditional visual samples of printed advertising served as the material for analysis.
EDUCATIONAL MODEL OF A CONCEPT-ORIENTED RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSE
Authors: АЗИМОВ Э.Г. , КРЕЧИНА Е.В. КРЕЧИНА Е.В. , БАШКИНА Е.С. БАШКИНА Е.С.
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматривается возможность построения образовательной модели по русскому языку как иностранному в рамках концептуально-ориентированного подхода к обучению. Раскрывается понятие языковой картины мира и роль культурного контекста в ее формировании. Объясняется специфика и структура предлагаемого курса РКИ на основе «больших идей»; описывается процесс создания образовательной модели РКИ на базе ключевых идей русской языковой картины мира. Определены механизмы выбора учебного и иллюстративного материала для курса.

The article examines the possibility of designing an educational model for Russian as a foreign language within the framework of a concept-based learning approach. The concept of the language picture of the world and the role of the cultural context in its formation are revealed. The specificity and structure of the proposed RFL course on the basis of “big ideas” are explained; the process of creating an educational model of Russian as a foreign language based on the key ideas of the Russian language picture of the world is described. The mechanisms for choosing educational and illustrative material for the course are determined.
The role of intonation and context in lack of necessity meanings in negated deontic necessity modals in child Romanian
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia , Slăvuțeanu Gabriela , Benz Anton
Published: January 2024

The current paper experimentally addresses the question of whether Romanian 5-year-olds interpret negated deontic necessity modals as interdiction initially, and to what extent intonation and situational context may act as cues for a more adult-like interpretation. We find that, in the absence of situational context, children initially interpret all negated deontic modals as interdiction. Prosodic cues are on their own not enough to lead to an adult interpretation. However, in the presence of situational context, children are able to tease lack of necessity and interdiction apart and even show sensitivity to prosodic differences among negated modals.
Merumuskan Jurus Jitu Hadapi ‘Badai’ Konten Digital: Studi Kasus TV-ONE
Authors: Andromeda Mercury Putra JM  , Eli Jamilah Mihardja
Published: January 2024

Industri Pertelevisian tak lagi bisa mengandalkan siaran konvensional melalui gelombang saja tetapi terdapat pergulatan signifikan antara media konvensional dan platform digital. Perkembangan teknologi juga ‘memaksa’ sumber daya manusia yang jadi main power di redaksi pertelevisian di Indonesia mengikuti dan beradaptasi dengan segala jenis platform yang tersedia, media massa ataupun elektronik yang tadinya hanya mengandalkan rutinitas harian mencari berita kini harus melakukan transformasi yang tajam, atau bisa juga disebut sebagai mediamorfosis sebagai akibat munculnya berbagai kebutuhan maupun banyaknya tekanan para pesaing di industri tersebut. Oleh karena itu kreativitas dan inovasi adalah sebuah keharusan industri televisi untuk berbenah dan melihat peluang yang ada, juga demi menyesuaikan diri dengan perilaku konsumen yang berubah dalam konsumsi berita. Mau tidak mau, suka tidak suka redaksi televisi berita harus bisa menyajikan muatan konten yang disalurkan di banyak kanal digital. Jika ini tidak dilakukan, ancaman konsumen atau pemirsa beralih ke media lainnya sangat besar. Oleh karena, televisi berita terus berupaya melakukan diversifikasi dan integrasi konten di media sosial. Saat ini,  tvOne telah aktif melakukan muat ulang berita yang sudah ditayangkan di televisi kemudian disebar ke multiplatform. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara televisi berita  memanfaatkan kehadiran berbagai kanal digital untuk memperluas serta menjangkau pemirsa sebanyak-banyaknya
Analgesic treatment in acute pain of odontogenic origin
Authors:   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Pricop Bogdan , Nistor Cristina ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghiu Irina ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Perlea Paula ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2024

Pain is one of the main reason that compels patients to visit dentists. Poorly managed pain following treatment in the dental office can lead to patients lack of trust in the dentist, postponing or even avoiding dental treatments. The physiopathology of pain is a complex process involving both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, so the use of analgesics with different modes of action can lead to improved, faster and longer-lasting pain relief. This article provides an overview of the mode of action, effectiveness and results obtained from studies in the literature related to the combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol in a single tablet.
Numerical Analysis of Laminar Natural Convection Inside Enclosed Squared and Trapezoidal Cavities at Different Inclination Angles
Authors: Mahmud Mohammad Sultan , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Liton Md Nahid Zaman
Published: January 2024

The effects of cavity shape by inclination angle on laminar natural convection inside trapezoidal and square-shaped cavities have been numerically investigated in this work. Several simulations had been conducted for various inclinations of the trapezoidal cavity at Rayleigh numbers (Ra) =105 to 106 in a laminar flow regime. The walls at the left and right sides of the cavities were heated isothermally, while the walls at the top and bottom sides were adiabatic. The problem was assumed to be 2-D and solved using the software package ANSYS Fluent 16.2. Cavity filled with air is examined in two distinct instances; varying boundary layers and the flow generated for the natural convection. This numerical study analyzed the flow characteristics, temperature distribution, and Nusselt number. The analysis reveals that as the Rayleigh number increases, the Nusselt number also increases, with a more pronounced effect at higher Rayleigh numbers. It has been observed that there is a substantial effect of cavity shapes on the Nusselt number. The presence of an angled wall inhibits convection resulting in stronger flow in the squared cavity compared to the trapezoidal cavity. From numerical results, it is also found that the temperature distribution at Ra = 105 is wider than the temperature distribution at Ra= 106.
Efecto de bolsas biodegradables en el crecimiento y desarrollo del café en el almácigo
Authors: Trejos-Pinzón Jhon Félix , Rendón-Sáenz José Raúl , Rivera-Sánchez Bernardo
Published: January 2024

La utilización del plástico en la agricultura genera deshechos que se convierten en contaminantes ambientales y visuales. Esta problemática tiene importancia en la mayoría de los sistemas agropecuarios, entre ellos, el sector cafetero, para el cual aún no existe la recomendación de implementar el uso de materiales con propiedades de biodegradación en el almácigo. Con el propósito de estudiar alternativas de bolsas biodegradables, se evaluaron 10 tipos de bolsas en la Estación Experimental Naranjal de Cenicafé (Chinchiná, Caldas). Durante la etapa de almácigo se determinó la materia seca de las plantas y la resistencia de las bolsas nuevas y usadas al esfuerzo mecánico con el equipo INSTRON. La materia seca evaluada en 30 plantas por tratamiento no mostró diferencias significativas para las variables peso seco de raíz, tallo, hojas y peso total, en las dimensiones de bolsa 13 x 21 cm. Por el contrario, con la dimensión de bolsa 17 x 23 cm se identificaron diferencias entre tratamientos. Las pruebas de resistencia al esfuerzo mecánico de rotura por tracción indicaron que existen bolsas biodegradables con resistencia cercana o superior a los promedios registrados en el testigo de polietileno. Los resultados permiten concluir que no existen diferencias en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas durante la etapa de almácigo entre los diferentes tipos de bolsas utilizados.
An Exploration of the Traits Responsible for the Success of Somali Small-Scale Entrepreneurs in South Africa
Authors: Kilonzo Beata , Iwara Ishmael
Published: January 2024

There have been considerable government investments in financial and non-financial support for local South African small and micro-enterprises, despite this, many struggle to stay afloat compared to their counterparts, like Somali entrepreneurs. This case study, therefore, sought to explore the fundamental tenets responsible for the success of Somali entrepreneurs in South Africa, seeking valuable insights to inform policies that can enhance the competitiveness of local SMEs. Utilising a qualitative research design and an exploratory approach, an in-depth understanding and contextual knowledge of the experiences and practices of Somalian entrepreneurs were distilled. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide with a purposively selected sample of 23 experienced Somali entrepreneurs operating various small-scale businesses, across different sectors in Pretoria West. A thematic analysis, using Atlast-ti as a modelling tool, was utilised to identify recurring patterns and critical success factors underpinning the achievements of the entrepreneurs in the study area. Six themes emerged and in order of priority, were – preference for collaborative ventures, a sense of community, informal networks, adaptive spirit, resilience and customer-centred business orientation. By learning from the experiences of these Somali small-scale entrepreneurs, specific support measures can be developed to foster a more inclusive and robust entrepreneurial ecosystem in South Africa, ultimately, leading to greater enterprise efficacy.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, Business Efficacy, Success Attributes, Immigrants, Communal Oriented Business
Examining the Implementation and Lessons Learnt from the Annual National Assessment in a South African Education District
Authors: Mensah Frank Joseph , Pillay Pravina , Mohammad Javed Khizer
Published: January 2024

In the pursuit of enhancing educational practices and systems, this study delved comprehensively into examining the implementation and lessons learned from the Annual National Assessment (ANA) within an educational district in South Africa. A stratified random sampling technique was used to pick up schools from different tiers. A sample of 108 teachers from 22 schools within the UMkhanyakude education district, situated in the KwaZulu Natal province of South Africa participated in the study. The study examined the effects of the ANA on schools and its impact on teaching and learning. Data was collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS software version 26. The findings indicate that teachers received sufficient training on the administration procedures of the assessment and recognized its positive influence on schools in general. However, a majority of the teachers disagreed with the notion that the assessment had positive effects on teaching and learning. They expressed a lack of confidence in the assessment, both in themselves and in their students, and also raised concerns about parental involvement. Therefore, this study suggests the inclusion of a comprehensive consultative approach and the involvement of stakeholders in future assessment administration and implementation processes. Additionally, it advocates for the importance of aligning assessments with the curriculum to prevent teachers from solely teaching to the test in most situations. This study will contribute to knowledge on test construction as well as the different approaches to assessment.

Keywords: Administration, Annual National Assessment, Assessment, High Stakes, Management, Parental Involvement, Standardized Testing.
Gaussian Processes and Nested Sampling Applied to Kepler's Small Long-period Exoplanet Candidates
Authors: Matesic Michael R. B. , Rowe Jason F. , Livingston John H. , Dholakia Shishir , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Lissauer Jack J.
Published: January 2024

There are more than 5000 confirmed and validated planets beyond the solar system to date, more than half of which were discovered by NASA’s Kepler mission. The catalog of Kepler’s exoplanet candidates has only been extensively analyzed under the assumption of white noise (i.i.d. Gaussian), which breaks down on timescales longer than a day due to correlated noise (point-to-point correlation) from stellar variability and instrumental effects. Statistical validation of candidate transit events becomes increasingly difficult when they are contaminated by this form of correlated noise, especially in the low-signal-to-noise (S/N) regimes occupied by Earth–Sun and Venus–Sun analogs. To diagnose small long-period, low-S/N putative transit signatures with few (roughly 3–9) observed transit-like events (e.g., Earth–Sun analogs), we model Kepler's photometric data as noise, treated as a Gaussian process, with and without the inclusion of a transit model. Nested sampling algorithms from the Python UltraNest package recover model evidences and maximum a posteriori parameter sets, allowing us to disposition transit signatures as either planet candidates or false alarms within a Bayesian framework.
Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in bacteria from environment in Burkina Faso
Authors: Muhigwa Merci , Sanou Soufiane , Kantagba Dominique , Ouangraoua Soumeya , Yehouenou Carine Laurence , Michodigni Fernand , Poda Armel , Perris Renggli Eva , Bernasconi Andrea , Godreuil Sylvain , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam
Published: January 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in bacteria from the environment in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Methodology: This study was conducted from January 18 to December 31, 2019. Environmental samples were collected from the effluents of Souro Sanou University Hospital Center and the wastewater treatment plant at Bobo-Dioulasso. MacConkey agar media supplemented with 4 µg/mL cefotaxime was used for bacterial growth, and identification of bacteria was performed using API 20E system (BioMerieux SA, Lyon, France). Antibiotic susceptibility testing, synergy test, carbapenem inactivation method and molecular characterization were performed.
Results: A total of 180 bacterial isolates were identified from the different sites with a predominance of Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.5%). All 180 bacterial isolates were ESBL producers and 18 (10.0%) of them produced carbapenemases. Out of the 180 bacterial isolates, DNAs of 98.9% (178/180) bacterial isolates were extracted and tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for characterization of resistant genes. The study showed that 89.8% (160/178) carried the bla-CTX-M genes including 54.4 (87/160) from hospital effluents and 45.6 (73/160) from the wastewater treatment plant. Regarding the carriage of carbapenemase genes, 7.9 (14/178) blaNDM-1 was found in all the sites including 71.4% (10/14) from hospital effluents and 28.6 (4/14) from the wastewater treatment plant. blaOXA-48-like was only found in bacteria from hospital effluents and represented 2.2% (4/178).
Conclusions: This study highlights the need to build hospital effluent treatment plants to reduce the load of resistant bacteria before discharging the effluents into the urban wastewater system.
Predisposing factor, impactful adjunctive treatment or unfavorable prognostic marker: a meta-analysis on the elusive role of dexamethasone for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis
Authors: Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Mazzitelli Maria
Published: January 2024

Introduction: There are no randomized controlled trials to inform the choice of using adjunctive dexamethasone (AD) against Listeria monocytogenes meningitis (LMM) and data from observational studies are pretty conflicting.
Methodology: We performed a rapid review of the literature with quantitative analysis. A pairwise random-effects meta-analysis was implemented, pooling unadjusted and adjusted data. The main outcome was mortality.
Results: Across all included studies (five) informing the main analysis on raw mortality data, 199 patients received AD, as opposed to 382 who did not receive AD. All-cause mortality was slightly lower in patients undergoing AD, but not in a statistically significant manner: odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.42-2.19. The prediction interval was very wide (0.06-15.99), suggesting that in future studies the effect of AD might be either beneficial or harmful.
Conclusions: The role of AD for LMM still needs to be established being the current evidence inconclusive and heterogeneous.
Ants of Kamchatka: checklist, DNA-barcoding and key (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Schär Sämi
Published: January 2024

Kamchatka is a remote volcanic peninsula in the sub-arctic Far East of Russia. Its myrmecofauna has been scientifically addressed several times. However, previous species lists are contradictory in part and a modern study seems to be lacking. Based on literature review, I conclude that 12 species and 4 genera (Camponotus, Formica, Leptothorax and Myrmica) of ants may be native to Kamchatka. Of those, 9 were found in the field, 3 having a Holarctic, 3 a trans-Palearctic and 3 an East Palearctic distribution. Most species diversity was found at mid-elevations, in pine shrubs and mixed forests, while deciduous forests and open habitats at lower altitudes were surprisingly species poor. DNA-barcoding was performed for 57 specimens/9 species. Genetic diversity (COI) was low for 8/9 species, with the exception of Leptothorax acervorum, for which all samples were of a different haplotype and 2 haplogroups were identified. For the encountered Holarctic and trans-Palearctic species, closely related haplotypes (<0.7% raw distance) occur in Europe and/or North America. Some Formica ants were morphologically atypical, with workers partially resembling those of F. fusca, while gynes identified as F. lemani. Morphometric analysis and DNA-barcoding suggested that all these specimens belong to a single species, F. lemani. Standard images for all specimens and an illustrated key to the worker caste are provided.
The genus Zizyphia Chrétien, 1908, with notes on its systematic position and the first record of Z. cleodorella Chrétien, 1908 from Europe (Lepidoptera, Depressariidae, Cacochroinae)
Authors: Kaila Lauri , Karsholt Ole , Revilla Txema
Published: January 2024

Zizyphia cleodorellaChrétien, 1908 is reported as new to Spain and Europe. The genusZizyphiaand the speciesZ. cleodorellais diagnosed and its separation from the closely relatedZ. zizyphellaAmsel, 1935 is elaborated. The adult habitus and genital structure, and the species’ habitat are illustrated. The systematic position of the genus is discussed. Because Orophiinae Lvovsky, 1974 is a secondary homonym of Orophiini Thomson, 1863 (Coleoptera: Ciidae), and Cryptolechiinae is considered here as being unrelated to it, the name Cacochroini Leraut, 1993 is reinstated as a valid family-group name as Cacochroinae within Depressariidae (Gelechioidea), with Eutornini Lvovsky, 2019,syn. nov.as a subjective junior synonym of Cacochroini.
Vegetation Classification and Survey is performing well
Authors: Dengler Jürgen , Biurrun Idoia , Jansen Florian , Willner Wolfgang
Published: January 2024

On the occasion of the completion of the fourth volume of Vegetation Classification and Survey (VCS), we have analysed the performance of the journal since its inception. The number of papers and pages show a moderate increase over the years. VCS has been included in the Scopus database for more than a year and received its first CiteScore of 2.0 in summer 2023 but is not yet included in the Web of Science Core Edition. We therefore used data from the Scopus database to compare the citation impact of articles in VCS with that of 29 other ecological journals. By calculating normalized citation rates per journal and publication year, we found that VCS started at the bottom of the rankings in the first two years (28th out of 30) but improved to 26th in 2022 and 14th in 2023. Together with the known time lag and the strong positive relationships between the different citation metrics, this allows a projection of the future development of the CiteScores and, after inclusion in the Web of Science, the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). Using the Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) from the Scopus database, we identified the top 12 out of 95 VCS articles published in the first four years that received more citations than expected for their age and field. We also present the four Editors’ Choice papers of 2023, among which Strohbach and Strohbach (2023; Vegetation Classification and Survey 4: 241–284) received the Editors’ Award in 2023. We conclude that VCS is on the right track, supported by the fact that in 2024 most authors will still be charged no or very low article processing charges (APCs).

Abbreviations: APC = article processing charge; IAVS = International Association for Vegetation Science; JIF = Journal Impact Factor; OA = open access; VCS = Vegetation Classification and Survey; WoS = Web of Science Core Edition.
Multitudinous potential homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits seized
Authors: Wang Haijun , Pan Jun , Ke Guiyao
Published: January 2024

Revisiting a newly reported modified Chen system by both the definitions of $ \alpha $-limit and $ \omega $-limit set, Lyapunov function and Hamiltonian function, this paper seized a multitude of pairs of potential heteroclinic orbits to (1) $ E_{0} $ and $ E_{\pm} $, or (2) $ E_{+} $ or (3) $ E_{-} $, and homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits on its invariant algebraic surface $ Q = z - \frac{x^{2}}{2a} = 0 $ with cofactor $ -2a $, which is not available in the existing literature to the best of our knowledge. Particularly, the theoretical conclusions were verified via numerical examples.
Energy and tellurium deposits
Authors: Yin Jianzhao , Yin Haoyu , Chao Yuhong , Shi Hongyun
Published: January 2024

In this article, we focus on the next generation of green batteries that are closely related to semi-metallic tellurium and its deposits. We briefly summarize the chemical and geochemical characteristics of tellurium that ordinary readers are not familiar with or have never heard of, and its important role in many fields such as high-tech and medical care, current global resource distribution, major mineral extraction and purification technologies and market evolution, etc. The spatiotemporal distribution of the two main types of tellurium deposits, namely associated tellurium deposits and independent tellurium deposits, is introduced in detail. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the only independent tellurium deposit in the world are introduced in detail, so that relevant researchers can use this deposit as an example to discover more independent tellurium deposits around the world, meeting people's increasingly urgent demand for tellurium and realizing the sustainable development of human society. We believe that humans will discover more and more new energy metals in the near future to meet the dual goals of protecting the earth's environment and developing the economy, which are contradictory and mutually reinforcing. New generation of energy metal batteries must be small, compact, easy to carry, charge quickly, and have a long life.
A novel approach for calculating single-source shortest paths of weighted digraphs based on rough sets theory
Authors: Hua Mingfeng , Xu Taihua , Yang Xibei , Chen Jianjun , Yang Jie
Published: January 2024

Calculating single-source shortest paths (SSSPs) rapidly and precisely from weighted digraphs is a crucial problem in graph theory. As a mathematical model of processing uncertain tasks, rough sets theory (RST) has been proven to possess the ability of investigating graph theory problems. Recently, some efficient RST approaches for discovering different subgraphs (e.g. strongly connected components) have been presented. This work was devoted to discovering SSSPs of weighted digraphs by aid of RST. First, SSSPs problem was probed by RST, which aimed at supporting the fundamental theory for taking RST approach to calculate SSSPs from weighted digraphs. Second, a heuristic search strategy was designed. The weights of edges can be served as heuristic information to optimize the search way of $ k $-step $ R $-related set, which is an RST operator. By using heuristic search strategy, some invalid searches can be avoided, thereby the efficiency of discovering SSSPs was promoted. Finally, the W3SP@R algorithm based on RST was presented to calculate SSSPs of weighted digraphs. Related experiments were implemented to verify the W3SP@R algorithm. The result exhibited that W3SP@R can precisely calculate SSSPs with competitive efficiency.
La communication entre collègues bouleversée par la pandémie et le développement du télétravail
Authors: Dupré Delphine Pauline
Published: January 2024

La pandémie et les trois confinements successifs qu’a connus la France durant les années 2020 – 2021 ont entraîné le développement du télétravail dans des proportions inédites, ainsi qu’une recrudescence des usages des dispositifs numériques pour pallier l’absence de co-présence. Nous nous demandons de quelles manières ce contexte de télétravail dit « contraint » a reconfiguré la communication entre collègues de même niveau hiérarchique. Est-ce que les dispositifs numériques se sont inscrits dans le prolongement des « espaces de discussions » nécessaires au soutien social entre pairs, à la transmission des règles du métier et à l’apprentissage collectif ? Nous répondons à ces questions à partir d’une enquête compréhensive auprès de 34 télétravailleurs et télétravailleuses. L’analyse des entretiens recueillis fait émerger un sentiment accru de solitude, de deshumanisation des relations professionnelles, ainsi que la banalisation de pratiques numériques problématiques. D’autres témoignages soulignent au contraire les effets positifs de la distance relationnelle (diminution des conflits, des perturbations, recentrage sur des relations affinitaires, etc.). Nous étudions les éléments de contexte qui peuvent expliquer ces perceptions contrastées.
Se rencontrer autrement
Authors: Squatrito Stefana
Published: January 2024

Cet article met l’accent sur une rencontre hors du commun : celle entre Giacomo, un libraire bibliomane espagnol, et un livre, une Bible latine avec des commentaires grecs, le premier incunable de la Bible imprimé en Espagne. Cette rencontre montre déjà le talent précoce d’un très jeune Flaubert qui expose, avec une véritable habileté, la manie de Giacomo et la progression de sa passion dévorante jusqu’à la chute tragique à la fin du récit. Les traductions italiennes du texte, tout en gardant le même sens que l’original, montrent des variations importantes, surtout au niveau du rythme. S’appuyant sur les études traductologiques telles que celles de Josiane Podeur et d’Antoine Berman et sur les réflexions prosodiques de Meschonnic, on mettra en évidence les variations par rapport au(x) texte(s) de départ qui empêchent parfois de transmettre fidèlement le message original.
História e usos da tecnologia indígena de processamento da mandioca na América pré-colombiana.
Authors: De Melo dos Santos Lara
Published: January 2024

Resumo: Recuperando um tipo de abordagem que se tornou clássica na historiografia brasileira através da obra do historiador Sérgio Buarque de Holanda na década de 1950, nos últimos anos a nova história indígena tem tornado evidente a centralidade assumida pelos sistemas indígenas de conhecimento no processo de conquista e exploração do continente americano pelos europeus. Na América portuguesa, o principal recurso alimentar utilizado pelos conquistadores ao longo de mais de quatro séculos de colonização, a farinha de mandioca, resultou do desenvolvimento de uma complexa tecnologia de domesticação de plantas e manipulação de recursos naturais. Em diálogo direto com os mais recentes trabalhos realizados no campo da Arqueologia, neste  texto estudo o desenvolvimento milenar das tecnologias ameríndias de domesticação e processamento da mandioca, enfatizando as características que tornaram um de seus subprodutos, a farinha de mandioca, tão importante para a ocupação do continente pelos povos nativos e, depois, pelos conquistadores europeus.
Tambor, batuque, canoas
Authors: Martini Evandro Arruda de
Published: January 2024

Apresento e transcrevo aqui dois documentos relevantes para os estudos sobre a presença de indígenas no então município de Santa Cruz, hoje Aracruz, no Espírito Santo. Essa população, apesar da ocupação contínua de territórios tradicionais, foi invisibilizada pelo Estado brasileiro e demais fontes escritas entre cerca de 1889 e 1950, com abundantes fontes documentais antes e depois desse período. Um dos documentos é uma notícia em jornal de 1910 que menciona “índios de Caeira Velha”, o outro é um decreto de posturas municipais de 1896 que, sem citá-los diretamente, legisla sobre diversas práticas comuns entre os indígenas daquela região, de modo que eles aparecem nas entrelinhas.

Palavras-chave: Povos indígenas. Tupinikim. Brasil
AGÊNCIA INDÍGENA NO CONTATO COM PORTUGUESES NO SERTÃO DA BAHIA NO SÉCULO XVII
Authors: Melo Toledo Maria Fátima
Published: January 2024

Na segunda metade do século XVII, quando o processo de colonização portuguesa começava a se interiorizar, avançando sobre as terras indígenas, colonos e nativos, desenvolveram estratégias de contato diversas, ora estabelecendo alianças, ora praticando uma política de guerra, levada a efeito contra os povos indígenas do sertão da Bahia, que resistiram à sobreposição do espaço colonial aos seus territórios. Este artigo procura mostrar, a partir de documentos históricos referentes à administração colonial portuguesa do Brasil, especificamente da capitania da Bahia, a diversidade de formas assumidas nos contatos entre indígenas e europeus na colônia, procurando destacar que as ações indígenas no contato com os brancos podem ser interpretadas pelas noções de acomodação e meio-termo, cunhadas pelo historiador estadunidense Richard White, caracterizando os indígenas como corresponsáveis pela constituição das relações coloniais das quais partilharam, e não meras vítimas da dominação portuguesa.
Explainable AI for Cybersecurity
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Tan Chong Eng , Lau Sei Ping , Thangaveloo Rajan , Gharib Abdalla Hassan , Manchuri Amaranadha Reddy , Khan Navid Ali , Tee Wee Jing , Muniandy Lalitha
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the utilization of AI in the field of cybersecurity has become more widespread. Black-box AI models pose a significant challenge in terms of interpretability and transparency, which is one of the major drawbacks of AI-based systems. This chapter explores explainable AI (XAI) techniques as a solution to these challenges and discusses their application in cybersecurity. The chapter begins with an explanation of AI in cybersecurity, including the types of AI commonly utilized, such as DL, ML, and NLP, and their applications in cybersecurity, such as intrusion detection, malware analysis, and vulnerability assessment. The chapter then highlights the challenges with black-box AI, including difficulty identifying and resolving errors, the lack of transparency, and the inability to understand the decision-making process. The chapter then delves into XAI techniques for cybersecurity solutions, including interpretable machine-learning models, rule-based systems, and model explanation techniques.
Explainable AI in Healthcare Application
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Tee Wee Jing , Balakrishnan Sumathi , Kaur Sukhminder , Thangaveloo Rajan , Jazri Husin , Khan Navid Ali , Gharib Abdalla , Manchuri Amaranadha Reddy
Published: January 2024

Given the inherent risks in medical decision-making, medical professionals carefully evaluate a patient's symptoms before arriving at a plausible diagnosis. For AI to be widely accepted and useful technology, it must replicate human judgment and interpretation abilities. XAI attempts to describe the data underlying the black-box approach of deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and natural language processing (NLP) that explain how judgments are made. This chapter provides a survey of the most recent XAI methods employed in medical imaging and related fields, categorizes and lists the types of XAI, and highlights the methods used to make medical imaging topics more interpretable. Additionally, it focuses on the challenging XAI issues in medical applications and guides the development of better deep-learning system explanations by applying XAI principles in the analysis of medical pictures and text.
Overview of XAI for the Development and Modernization of Smart Cities
Authors: Khan Azeem , Jhanjhi NZ , Haji Hamid Dayang Hajah Tiawa Binti Awang , Haji Omar Haji Abdul Hafidz bin
Published: January 2024

AI systems are integral to the development of smart cities, but their complexity can make decision-making processes opaque, leading to concerns about accountability and transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to address this by designing algorithms that can explain decisions in a way that humans can understand. XAI can increase transparency and accountability in smart cities, promote trust between residents and officials, and enhance the adoption and acceptance of smart city technologies. However, there are still challenges to overcome, and continued research is necessary to fully realize the potential benefits of XAI.
Enabling Explainable AI in Cybersecurity Solutions
Authors: Shah Imdad Ali , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Ray Sayan Kumar
Published: January 2024

The public needs to be able to understand and accept AI's decision-making if it is to acquire their trust. A compelling justification can outline the reasoning behind a choice in terms that the person hearing it will find “comfortable.” A suitable level of complexity is present in the explanation's combination of facts. As AI becomes increasingly complex, humans find it challenging to comprehend and track the algorithm's actions. These “black box” models are built purely from this information. It might be required to meet regulatory standards, or it might be crucial to provide people impacted by a decision the opportunity to contest. With explainable AI, a company may increase model performance and solve issues while assisting stakeholders in comprehending the actions of AI models. Evaluation of the model is sped up by displaying both positive and negative values in the model's behaviour and using data to generate an explanation.
IoT and AI-Based Smart Solutions for the Agriculture Industry
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Tan Chong Eng , Tee Wee Jing , Lau Sei Ping , Jazri Husin , Ray Sayan Kumar , Zaheer Muhammad Amman
Published: January 2024

This chapter's goal is to review how the IoT smart application solution impacts the agricultural industry around the globe. IoT needed to be implemented in the agricultural industry to increase the efficiency of agricultural methods and escalate production to serve the high demand. Implementing the IoT technology will facilitate agriculture to measure and provide accurate data with various parameters like solar intensity, weather, precipitation temperature, soil moisture, and macronutrients in the soil. This chapter will explore the latest trends in IoT agricultural applications, discuss limitations of traditional agricultural methods, current challenges in the agriculture industry, and real-world examples of IoT in agriculture such as IoT in plant and animal environmental monitoring, smart water irrigation animal, and plant life data monitoring. The final part of this chapter discusses the advancement in IoT technology using drones and finally shows the roadmap for IoT implementation in agriculture.
“You Assumed That Everybody Was...”
Authors: Stephens-Peace Kat , Friedensen Rachel , Kimball Ezekiel , Forester Rachael , Miller Ryan , Vaccaro Annemarie , Forsythe Desiree , Jones Meg C.
Published: January 2024

Drawing on findings from a constructivist grounded theory study with 56 students majoring in STEM fields, this chapter explores the ways that cisheteropatriarchy structures inclusion and marginalization in STEM fields in order to understand where and how transformation is possible for LGBTQIA+ students. Interview data suggest that epistemic injustice is at work for LGBTQIA+ students in STEM classrooms, ranging from linguistic microaggressions to overt marginalization. While full transformation of STEM fields rests on broader social change, suggestions for pedagogical changes are offered.
“It's Uncomfortable Being Closeted”
Authors: Hoffshire Mike
Published: January 2024

During career development, college students' interests develop through taking part in coursework and employment based occupational exploration. It has been speculated that because sexual identity development and vocational identity development are active during the same phase of life, these processes might exert influence on each other. This chapter draws upon the perspectives of nine LGBQ+ students, ranging in age from 19 - 24 years old, who have earned between 67 - 130 credit hours that represent a wide variety of majors. Data analysis from the study produced a number of significant findings related to LGBQ+ students and their career development, including the impact their sexual orientation had on their major selection, the perception it would have on their future career, and how higher education career service departments and counselors could be better equipped to assist them.
“Academia Is the Only Place I Belong”
Authors: Alexander Amber J.
Published: January 2024

Advances in online instruction have made graduate education more accessible leading to increased diversity among online graduate students including LGBTQIA+ students. The purpose of this chapter is to share the lived experience of two LGBTQIA+ students enrolled in an online history graduate program at a four-year public institution through narrative inquiry methodology. Participant stories were interpreted through the perspective of their academic advisor, an insider participant observer. Analysis of these LGBTQIA+ student experiences indicates complexities and challenges such as a sense of belonging, financial insecurity, and health greatly impact the online graduate student experience. These stories humanize LGBTQIA+ student experiences for those who work with students, develop policy, and shape student support services. This chapter provides recommendations for student support services to meet the needs of online LGBTQIA+ learners.