bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Ethics Instruction in Technical Machine Learning Courses
Authors: Fingold Maxwell , Romkey Lisa
Published: December 2024

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been developed and implemented across all domains of society, and this has accompanied various ethical concerns, including but not limited to predictive policing, autonomous military technologies, issues in medical systems and the prevalence of facial recognition technologies in government surveillance. Given the growth of AI and the proliferation of unethical AI systems, educational institutions are considering where and how to best teach the ethics of AI within the engineering curriculum. Noting the fledgling nature of AI ethics as a discipline, there is no consensus between academics on how to best integrate ethics curriculum within the curricula. This paper describes the development of a survey to better understand the instructor view and experience with integrating ethics curriculum. A questionnaire about ethics integration was designed and shared with all instructors teaching AI or related courses at a large, major research institution. The courses were primarily situated in engineering and computer science. Although the response rate was low, the design of the survey offers a useful example for other researchers considering survey design. This paper presents a work in progress.
Approaches to Ethically Studying Indigenous Engineering Student Mental Health
Authors: Balakrishnan Rebecca , Seniuk Cicek Jillian , Herrmann Randy
Published: December 2024

Background: As Canadian engineering programs attract more Indigenous students, it is important we understand the mental health needs and experiences of Indigenous students so we can provide the support they need. The purpose of this paper is to share the approach to designing a study exploring Indigenous engineering student mental health and to highlight the considerations required when doing research in collaboration with Indigenous peoples. This paper explores the use of Indigenous methodologies, Two-Eyed Seeing, and the medicine wheel in the study design. Preparing to do research with Indigenous students, particularly as researchers with European ancestry, requires significant planning and reflection. Key features of this include taking First Nation Principles of Ownership Control Access and Possession (OCAP) training and committing to the OCAP principles, using reflexivity as a researcher, and ensuring participant safety when exploring sensitive topics. As we advance truth and reconciliation in academia, it is crucial that we do so with reflexivity, respect, and reciprocity, prioritizing anti-oppressive practices and balancing Indigenous ways of knowing with western knowledge.
Neurophysiological Exploration of Creativity in Engineering
Authors: Zangeneh Soroush Morteza , Su Chang , Zeng Yong
Published: December 2024

Creativity plays a crucial role in engineering education by promoting innovative thinking allowing students to go beyond conventional approaches. A profound understanding of creativity requires examining its corresponding brain behavior. Despite prior research, the neural correlates of creativity are still largely unexplored. We explored brain dynamics associated with creativity through electroencephalography (EEG). We employed a reliable dataset from loosely controlled figural creativity experiments and introduced innovative frequency-based features – the alpha power over the other EEG sub-bands. Results, consistent with previous studies, showed: 1) The average and standard deviation of our proposed features are higher in idea generation, 2) The temporal and parietal lobes contain more significant features than the other brain lobes, 3) Gamma and beta bands effectively represent brain activity in creativity. Our novel method offers a new perspective bridging existing gaps and presenting an overview of brain dynamics in creativity, serving as a foundation for future research.
Should they learn to know it first? On the role of critical interpretation and critique in introductory engineering design education
Authors: Nolan Edmund , Kinsella Benjamin , Wilkinson Lydia , Pooley Jay
Published: December 2024

Engineering education at the university level typically includes a first-year course on engineering design. While critical interpretation skills are involved in teaching the design process, those skills themselves are not a main focus, or considered prerequisite to design learning. Other creative fields—including architecture, drama and creative writing—expect students to have experience interpreting and critiquing their art form before they begin creating at a university level. Based on experience teaching first year engineering design, our students are far less likely to have that experience. We investigate the impact of that gap, establish a basis for further research and gain a more coherent picture of how engineering design education compares to other creative fields, in particular as regards the role of critical interpretation and the related practice of critique.
Redesigning the Common Engineering First-Year (Part 1): Designing for 21st Century Students
Authors: Harris Jeffrey , Molicard-Chartier Patrick , Jadidi Mojgan
Published: December 2024

The engineering common core, including first-year and a thread of upper-year courses, at York University has been a cornerstone of undergraduate education, providing foundational knowledge and skills. Recognizing the need for a transformative shift, a curriculum redesign was initiated to address these issues comprehensively. The primary purpose of the curriculum redesign is to create a student-centric, effective, and innovative educational experience for aspiring engineers. The project employed the following approach to redesign the engineering common core: (1) understanding the current state, (2) an idealized student journey, (3) the transition to the future. The curriculum redesign project has led to the pilot of the first-year block model in fall 2023 and fall 2024 that allows for an assessment of new delivery model’s impact on student retention and success. Redesigned first-year courses are envisioned for 2025-2026.
“Critical Space”: An emerging community to engage in critical thinking and de/anti-colonial praxis
Authors: Radebe Dimpho , McDermott Jasmine , Alves Paula , Dar Qurat , Rodrigues Renato , Paul Robyn
Published: December 2024

We are six engineers and engineering researchers from four institutions across Turtle Island , in Canada. We all share similar values and perspectives regarding the colonial, patriarchal, and capitalist (exploitative) nature of traditional engineering education and practices. Upon coming together, we noted shared feelings of isolation in our respective institutions. We felt stifled by the dominant ‘culture of disengagement’ that perpetuates depoliticization, the myth of meritocracy, and the socio/technical dualism in engineering. Consequently, we decided to create a book club (learning community) to engage with critical and decolonial literature in a collaborative manner. More specifically, we intended to form critical perspectives of engineering through non-dominant paradigms. In this paper, we reflect on our engagement in a critical literature book club as a space for learning and community support in engineering education.
Incorporating Sustainability Principles into the First-Year Engineering Design Curriculum for International Students
Authors: Vaez Ghaemi Roza , Ibrahim Victoria , Prodanovic Vladan
Published: December 2024

Courses focusing on engineering design present an excellent opportunity for the introduction of the concepts of sustainability. The purpose of the proposed work is to enhance students’ understanding of sustainability through a project-based approach. For that purpose we developed a new exploratory project consisting of 3 possible real-world inspired case studies and implemented them in the introductory engineering design course. Results show that nearly all of the participating students generally consider sustainability a key aspect of their education; however, the particularities of student opinions with respect to sustainability outcomes in designs largely vary and seem to depend on the goals and design focus of each program. Our analyses show that the project-based learning course had a moderate to large impact on student competencies including systems thinking, environmental literacy, responsible business and economy, social responsibility, environmental impact measurement, materials choice, design, critical thinking, and communication and teamwork. The particular design project implemented here is an excellent learning tool for first-year engineering students, directing them to include sustainability considerations in their products and systems design. It also creates a space for open discussions about global considerations related to sustainability, together with an opportunity for international students to share their personal experience and previous exposure to sustainability issues.
Working with Indigenous Research Methodologies in the EER Context: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Forrest Reed , Rodrigues Affonso Alves Renato , Seniuk Cicek Jillian
Published: December 2024

Amid calls for Indigenization in engineering education and beyond, some Engineering Education Research (EER) scholars are focusing on Indigenizing engineering curricula and Indigenous inclusion in engineering spaces. Less discussed within EER contexts are Indigenous research methodologies, which are research methodologies predicated upon Indigenous paradigms that typically emphasize relationality. This paper aims to act as a resource for EER scholars interested in working with Indigenous research methodologies by providing an account of how one Indigenous research study was conducted. Through a critical reflective process, this paper addresses how methodological decisions were made in the context of a study and how those decisions were at once difficult and rewarding. The findings highlight several points in the qualitative research process where there were tensions between Western and Indigenous worldviews in the research process, including the role of the researcher, underlying research paradigms, and how those tensions were addressed.
Scaffolding Lifelong Learning in First-Year Engineering Courses
Authors: Poulin Katrina , Saxe Amanda , Khazaka Roni , Kanaan Marwan
Published: December 2024

In a world of evolving technology, it is critical for engineers to be able to recognize and take action to fill gaps in their knowledge. The development of these lifelong learning competencies has always been a significant part of university education, however there is a recent trend to teach and assess this graduate attribute in a more deliberate manner in engineering programs. A review of CEEA conference articles was conducted to gather information about the instruction of lifelong learning and existing surveys that measure lifelong learning and self-regulated learning in Canadian engineering programs. Based on the gaps identified in this review, instructional content and activities aimed at teaching lifelong learning and self-assessment survey questions are proposed as simple ways to teach and evaluate lifelong learning knowledge, skills, and attitudes in first-year engineering students. These recommendations can be used to guide engineering instructors in their lifelong learning pedagogical practices.
Fostering Holistic Thinking: Design of an Interdisciplinary Systems-Thinking Course
Authors: Bubbar Kush , Rodrigues Renato , Kimball Jeremy , Tjornbo Ola
Published: December 2024

In an era dominated by intricate challenges, navigating complex systems and wicked problems is paramount for the engineering discipline's evolution. This necessity beckons a departure from conventional educational paradigms towards a holistic and transdisciplinary pedagogical approach. This paper delineates the development of a systems-thinking course tailored to instill such competencies. Grounded in a robust framework of learning outcomes, the course is strategically crafted to facilitate a comprehensive examination of complex systems and the nuanced nature of wicked problems. The curriculum, rich in experiential learning opportunities, weaves together practical exercises, theoretical discussions, and collaborative project work, enabling students to cultivate a deep, holistic understanding of the challenges at the intersection of political, environmental, social, technological, economic, and legal dimensions. By employing a variety of system-mapping techniques, along with primary and secondary research methods, and honing effective communication skills, students are equipped to confront real-world issues with enhanced analytical and critical thinking capabilities.
EDUCACIÓN EMOCIONAL-AFECTIVO-SEXUAL HACIA EL COLECTIVO ESTUDIANTIL MUSULMÁN EN ESPAÑA
Authors: GALCERÁN CONDE LAIA
Published: December 2024

Este documento pone en relevancia la importancia de una correcta educación emocional-afectivo-sexual para el desarrollo integral de las personas, especialmente en el periodo de la adolescencia. Del mismo modo, se hace énfasis en el colectivo musulmán, cuya religión y cultura juegan un papel muy importante en la educación y crecimiento personal de los jóvenes, mediante un recorrido sobre sus creencias acerca de este tipo de formación, así como por los rasgos distintivos y personales del islam.
Por otra parte, se ha construido un programa completo y actualizado, adaptado a las características de las nuevas aulas inclusivas, dirigido a dar a conocer y trabajar la educación emocional-afectivo-sexual y la multiculturalidad. Cuenta con una serie de apartados en los que, entre otros, se reflejan los contenidos conceptuales que se van a trabajar, las actividades que se van a hacer con el alumnado, así como el cronograma con el horario de desarrollo del proyecto. Del mismo modo, se basa en una serie de metodologías innovadoras (aprendizaje basado en problemas, aprendizaje basado en pensamiento o Thinking Based Learning y aprendizaje cooperativo), las cuales son empleadas para favorecer el desenvolvimiento del grupo, el trabajo en equipo y el pensamiento crítico, así como para la consecución de los objetivos de las actividades. También, se presenta una evaluación a través de las técnicas de observación, medición y autoevaluación, empleando para ello una serie de cuestionarios y rúbricas.
Para finalizar, se demostrará que este tipo de formaciones benefician al desarrollo integral de las personas (sobre todo en niños y adolescentes), favoreciendo, entre otras cosas, al desarrollo de una buena salud mental, una buena calidad de vida,  bienestar general y mejora en el ámbito académico y social.
Improving Learning Independence of Elementary Students through the Two Stay Two Stray Method
Authors: Sari Nopi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to find out how much the learning independence of students increases after the application of the Two Stay Two Stray method in the learning process. The type of research is Classroom Action research. Data collection methods through in-depth observation (observation) and documentation. The research was conducted in two cycles. The results showed an increase in student learning activities, namely in the aspect of student enthusiasm increased by 49%, seriousness in paying attention to the teacher's explanation increased by 40%. The cohesiveness of discussing in groups increased by 39%, and responding to questions increased by 52%. While in the aspect of learning independence shows an increase in the indicator of critical attitude in learning there is a significant increase of 53%. Creative learning indicators increased by 42%. Indicators of having innovation in learning increased by 84%, Indicators Not affected by other groups / not cheating increased by 34%. The indicator of not asking for help from other groups in solving problems increased by 42%. And the critical thinking indicator increased significantly by 42%. So it can be concluded that this method is able to increase student learning independence
Use of Picture Card Media to Improve Beginning Reading Skills of Elementary Students
Authors: Ahmad Wahyudi
Published: December 2024

This research is motivated by the lack of interest in reading students and the lack of beginning reading skills, all because reading skills are good and right for everyone to have. Not only in reading skills, but writing, speaking and listening skills are also important in learning. In Indonesian language learning, which includes basic competencies and core competencies. The use of media is very important to support a learning activity in order to achieve a planned goal. This research aims to find out how the application of picture card media improves the beginning reading skills of Bhakti Negara grade 1 students. This type of research is classroom action research conducted in two cycles, with stages including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. In cycle 1, learning was carried out without applying picture card media in learning with the achievement of completeness with a percentage of 55.25% with an average score below 70 from all grade 1 students. In cycle 2, which was carried out by using picture card media in learning, students achieved higher completeness than in cycle 1, with a percentage of 90.22% with an average above 75 from grade 1 students. Thus the use of picture card media is very helpful in improving the reading skills of grade 1 students at SDN Bhakti Negara.
The Implementation of Early Childhood Prasiaga Paud in Developing Independence Attitudes of Early Childhood at RA Al Muhajirin Bekasi
Authors: Rustatik Rustatik , Rita Aryani
Published: December 2024

Scouting, introduced by the Dutch to Indonesia, serves as a foundational element for character and skill development. The scouting hierarchy includes Siaga for primary school and Prasiaga for Early Childhood Education (PAUD). This education approach aims to instill scouting values through play, fostering character, physical development, and the ability to do good deeds. In the context of early childhood, life skills play a crucial role in shaping their future. This research explores the implementation of Prasiaga scouting in developing life skills within the PAUD environment. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study focus, data collection methods include documentation and interviews with respondents. Thematic Data Analysis is applied to analyze the gathered data. The study is conducted at RA Al Muhajirin Bekasi Timur, with a sample population of approximately 50 respondents. The research findings indicate that Prasiaga activities effectively contribute to character and independence development among children at RA Al Muhajirin Bekasi Timur.
Development of Innovative Learning Media for Number Recognition Using "Mama Langka" in Early Childhood
Authors: Apriliani Elina Intan , Mukhlisah Iffah , Wardani Anita , Annafi’ Nurul ‘Ilmi Azizah  , Praptiningsih Praptiningsih
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop innovative learning media through the introduction of numbers with "Mama Rare" lamp media in early childhood. In the process of learning activities, learning media greatly determines the success in mastering the material provided. One of the most important factors in developing early childhood learning media is designing learning media to be interactive and attract children's attention and encourage children to be actively involved in the learning process. This research was conducted using the R&D(Research and Development) approach. In the initial development process, researchers consulted with media experts, material experts and field experts (Early Childhood Education). The next stage was an initial trial with a sample of 20 students, followed by a final trial on 30 students and analyzed with the t test. The results showed that: 1) In the needs analysis found the need for innovative learning media Mama Langka to introduce numbers in early childhood, 2) Learning Media that is suitable for use as a means of teacher learning media is made by considering an attractive appearance so as to make learning media easier to understand, not boring, and easy to carry everywhere. 3) Mama Langka Innovative Learning Media is effectively used to introduce numbers in early childhood. This can be seen from the significance value obtained is 0.000 <0.05. The t test in the initial trial that the tcount is 12,010> t table 1.725 and the final stage of the tcount is 17,218> t table 1.725, which means that based on the pretest and posttest that has been done to 30 children at PAUD RA Chairunnisa Sukoharjo, there is a difference in the ability to recognize numbers before and after using innovative learning media "Mama Langka".
Early Childhood Teacher's Ability to Implement Independent Curriculum at State Kindergarten Duren Sawit 02 Pondok Bambu
Authors: Wirastri Setyorini  , Lilis Suryani
Published: December 2024

This research aims to examine the ability of PAUD teachers to implement the Independent Curriculum at Duren Sawit 02 Pondok Bambu State Kindergarten, over a period of 3 months, namely September-December 2023. Based on its type, this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection method in this research uses three models: interviews, observation and documentation. The data obtained is valid and has a degree of trust, so researchers use two techniques: diligent observation and data triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman method which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this research show that teachers have been able to implement the Independent Curriculum by implementing project-based learning, formative assessments, summative assessments, portfolios and performance-based assessments, as well as creating teaching modules that suit children's interests and talents well.
Experimental Learning Management to Improve Cognitive Aspects of Early Children with Kinesthetic Learning Style
Authors: Lilis Amperawati  , Yusnitasari Septiani Endang
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore the management of experimental learning methods based on kinesthetic learning styles in early childhood at RA Raudhatul Ummah, Bekasi City. The research method used is qualitative, with the research object focusing on learning practices at the institution. The research results show that learning management is a necessity that requires the application of management principles, including planning, organizing, implementing and supervising. In addition, the experimental method has proven to be very effective in improving cognitive aspects for children with a kinesthetic learning style. Research recommendations include suggestions to the Head of RA Raudhatul Ummah to carry out assessments from parents through questionnaires regarding experimental method learning activities and ensuring children's comfort. Apart from that, it is recommended that teachers continue to innovate in creating more varied learning methods, especially for children with learning styles other than kinesthetic. This research contributes to a further understanding of the importance of managing experimental learning and adapting learning methods to kinesthetic learning styles to improve the cognitive aspects of early childhood. Hopefully, these findings can become the basis for developing more effective learning approaches in similar educational institutions.
The Use of Shoulder Box Media to Improve Children's Abilities in Recognizing Letters and Colors
Authors: Khoirun Nisah  , Travelancya Terza , Kimori Ivonne Hafidlatil
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of using shoulder box media to enhance children's abilities in recognizing letters and colors at RA Nurul Wahid Al-Wahyuni. The research employs a qualitative approach with pre-test and post-test designs. The sample consists of 30 kindergarten students aged 4-6 years old. Data were collected through observation and tests. The results show a significant improvement in children's abilities in recognizing letters and colors after using shoulder box media. The results of the research show that the use of soulder box media can increasechildren’s knowledge. The media used in learning is can active and guided game that fulfills the following elements: by using soulder box media the overall score for children who can guess letters is 7,33 and for children who can recognizing corors is 7,28. This indicates that shoulder box media can be an effective tool for enhancing early childhood education. The findings suggest that incorporating shoulder box media into early childhood education can positively impact children's learning outcomes. The interactive and hands-on nature of shoulder box media likely contributes to its effectiveness in engaging young learners. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of utilizing innovative teaching aids to enhance the learning experience of young children, particularly in the development of foundational skills such as letter and color recognition. Overall, the study underscores the potential of shoulder box media as a valuable tool for educators in enhancing the quality of early childhood education
The Implementation of Course Review Horay Learning Model with Flip Chart Media to Improve Thematic Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students
Authors: Awalia Inas Yustahari Yuni , Makmun Muh Ngali Zainal , Fadilah Lutfi
Published: December 2024

This study employs the Course Review Horay learning model with the use of flip chart media in an effort to enhance theme learning outcomes. The quantitative approach used in this study is of the quasi-experimental variety. This study uses a Course Review Horay learning model with flip chart media as its independent variable and student learning results as its dependent variable. In this study, 22 pupils were used as a sample. Observation, interviews, tests, surveys, and documentation were the methods employed to gather data. The steps of evaluating hypotheses and checking for normalcy make up the data analysis procedure. The paired sample t test (t test) yielded Sig. (2-tailed) 0.03 in the experimental class, according to the results of the hypothesis test. In contrast, the control class had a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.01. The findings of the 2-tailed sig value can be compared with hypothesis testing if the sig (2-tiled) value is between 0.01 and 0.03. Assuming the 2 tailed sig value is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected if it is less than 0.05. This demonstrates that the thematic learning outcomes of third graders at SD Negeri 1 Jaya Sakti are impacted by the implementation of the Course Review Horay Learning Model with the help of Flip chart. The normalcy test revealed that the Experiment class had significance values of 0.230 and 0.201 before and after the test, whereas the Control class had significance values of 0.200 and 0.205. If the p-value is less than 0.05, it can be inferred that the data follows a normal distribution.
Enhancing Students' Reading Interest Through PQ4R Strategy Assisted by Comic Media at MI Muhammadiyah Panican
Authors: Dedy Irawan  , Laksono Yogi Wibowo  , Agung Nugroho  , Sri Muryaningsih
Published: December 2024

Reading is a fundamental activity that affects every individual in learning various kinds of knowledge. Reading activities can become the foundation of an individual that supports the character formation process. Teaching reading is not an easy task because it requires the preparation of several things, such as environmental conditions, teaching techniques, learning strategies, and others. This research was motivated by the low interest in reading among sixth-grade students of MI Muhammadiyah Panican in Indonesian language learning. This study aims to provide solutions to the low reading interest of students through the implementation of the PQ4R strategy assisted by Comic media in the Indonesian language learning of the sixth grade at MI Muhammadiyah Panican. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR), which was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study were the sixth-grade students of MI Muhammadiyah Panican, totaling 17 students. The results showed that the students' reading interest in the first cycle had reached a percentage of 64% with fewer criteria, while in the second cycle, it had obtained a percentage of 80% with good criteria. The research by applying the PQ4R strategy assisted by Comic media in the Indonesian language learning of the sixth grade at MI Muhammadiyah Panican has successfully increased the students' reading interest according to the expected success indicators
The Effect of Simple Experiments on the Science Process Skills of 5-6 Year Old Children
Authors: Santi M. J. Wahid  , Anwar Marasabesy  , Jumiati Mododahi  , Hasma N. Majia
Published: December 2024

This study aims to: (1) determine the application of simple experimental activities in children aged 5-6 years at Al-Khairat Kalumpang Kindergarten, (2) know the science process skills of children aged 5-6 years at Al-Khairat Kalumpang Kindergarten, (3) know the effect of simple experiments on the science process skills of children aged 5-6 years at Al-Khairat Kalumpang Kindergarten. This type of research is Quantitative Research with a research design using One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The population and sample of the study were 20 children of group B1. Data Collection Techniques through observation and documentation and data are analyzed through Normality test and t-Test. The results of this study show that (1) the application of simple experimental activities is carried out through three treatments, namely the Floating Drowning experiment, the experiment of dissolving and insoluble in water and the experiment of objects that absorb and do not absorb water, (2) Science Process Skills for children aged 5-6 years in Al-Khairat Kalumpang Kindergarten, namely Observation Skills, Grouping / Classifying Skills and Communication Skills. This can be seen in the value of each stage carried out, namely during the pre-test (5.95%), the first treatment (Experiment I) of (6.65%), the second treatment (Experiment II) of (8.75%), the third treatment (Experiment III) of (10.9%) and the post-test of (13.5%). (3) Simple Experiment has an effect on children's science process skills based on the results of the t-count test is -19.615 with a significant level of 0.001. Because of the significant <0.05, it can be concluded that Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted which means that there is a simple experimental effect on the science process skills of children aged 5-6 years in Al-Khairat Kalumpang Kindergarten.
Estudo de casos múltiplos e o sistema jurídico de patentes: a assimetria entre as doenças negligenciadas esquistossomose e dengue
Authors: Resende Morais Anderson , Chein Feres Marcos Vinício
Published: December 2024

As doenças negligenciadas são um grupo de enfermidades causadas por vírus, bactérias, parasitas, fungos e toxinas que ameaçam mais de 1,7 bilhão de pessoas no mundo. Diante desse cenário, faz-se necessária uma análise crítica sobre duas doenças negligenciadas endêmicas no Brasil, principalmente em Minas Gerais: a dengue e a esquistossomose. Nesse estudo, investiga-se em que medida o sistema jurídico de patentes tem incentivado a produção de novas tecnologias pela iniciativa privada e, se de alguma forma, ele representa um entrave para a produção de novas tecnologias no caso de doenças negligenciadas, como a dengue e a esquistossomose? O trabalho de pesquisa utiliza o estudo de casos múltiplos para demonstrar o comportamento de ambas as enfermidades frente ao sistema jurídico de patentes. Verificou-se que, diante da esquistossomose, o sistema jurídico de patentes pode funcionar como barreira ao desenvolvimento de produtos médicos voltados para o interesse social.
Expressionismo, animalidade, teoria do direito: uma abordagem através da leitura de Edward Mussawir da filosofia Deleuziana.
Authors: Almeida Leonardo Monteiro Crespo de
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo pretende desenvolver uma leitura específica da teoria do direito tomando como referência o conceito deleuzeano de expressão tal como presente no livro de Edward Mussawir, Jurisdiction in Deleuze. Para tanto, ele parte de uma contraposição entre as pretensões de uma teorização abstrata e universal, e uma outra, que se deixa orientar pela maneira como problemas e impasses locais, normalmente são associados à prática jurisdicional. O que o artigo entende por abordagem expressionista é o de prestar atenção à maneira como a linguagem jurídica age e transforma o mundo fático no qual ela toma como objeto. A partir dessa abordagem, a pesquisa examina, de maneira sucinta e pontual, algumas maneiras de se retratar a animalidade no direito, quais as implicações decorrentes dessas tipologias e como elas transcendem uma função estritamente representativa.
Essequibo, Venezuela e o Petróleo: uma disputa territorial com implicações para a integração energética na América Latina
Authors: Motta Matheus Cordeiro , Menon Gustavo
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo examina a disputa territorial entre a Venezuela e a Guiana pelo território do Essequibo, enfatizando o papel do petróleo como fator chave na tensão e nas possíveis consequências para a integração energética na América Latina. O Essequibo, região historicamente em disputa entre os países, trata-se de uma área rica em recursos naturais, sendo cobiçada tanto pela Venezuela quanto pela Guiana, atraindo também o interesse de potências extrarregionais e de grandes empresas transnacionais de petróleo. A Venezuela, em seu projeto de cooperação regional a partir da atuação da PDVSA, considera o domínio sobre o Essequibo uma oportunidade estratégica para expandir sua influência e aumentar seu potencial energético, o que fortaleceria seu papel como líder na integração energética regional na América do Sul e no Caribe. O estudo traça uma perspectiva histórica e geopolítica sobre os efeitos da disputa sobre Essequibo, onde o controle da região poderia ampliar a base energética da Venezuela, fortalecendo a PDVSA, o projeto da Petrocaribe e outros projetos de cooperação energética na região. Por outro lado, a Guiana, um dos países com o maior crescimento econômico dos últimos anos, estreita seus laços com as grandes empresas petrolíferas hegemônicas. O estudo aponta que o conflito, agudizado nos últimos anos, também compromete a estabilidade necessária para o avanço da integração regional na América do Sul. A presença de potências estrangeiras que apoiam a Guiana, como os Estados Unidos, adiciona complexidade à questão e desafia a concertação regional marcada por um quadro de fragmentação política e desintegração regional, minando a coesão entre os países latino-americanos para conformação de um eixo de poder nas disputas geopolíticas contemporâneas. Este estudo avalia como essa questão territorial impacta a estabilidade e a unidade da América do Sul, inviabilizando projetos mais amplos de integração energética no subcontinente.
Decisão jurídica como sistema de controle do comportamento: notas à margem de Tercio Sampaio Ferraz Júnior.
Authors: Silva Beclaute Oliveira
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a temática a “teoria da decisão jurídica como sistema de controle de comportamento”, um dos itens insertos na obra Introdução ao estudo de direito, de Tercio Sampaio Ferraz Júnior, tendo por função trazer impressões e novas discussões acerca das lições traçadas pelo autor. As notas postas não são repetições mas um diálogo que tem por fim trazer outros olhares sobre um estudo tão relevante para a dogmática jurídica.
Educação Jurídica e Metodologia de Pesquisa: desafios da formação contemporânea.
Authors: Costa Alexandre Araújo , Fulgêncio Henrique Augusto Figueiredo
Published: December 2024

O presente ensaio analisa as transformações da educação jurídica contemporânea, identificando três abordagens fundamentais: a formação do habitus, a transmissão do saber técnico e o desenvolvimento de competências em metodologia de pesquisa. A formação do habitus jurídico ocorre através da imersão dos estudantes na cultura jurídica, permitindo a incorporação dos repertórios simbólicos coletivos à sensibilidade individual. A transmissão do saber técnico, realizada tradicionalmente pela doutrina jurídica, consiste no aprendizado sistematizado dos conhecimentos que regem a formulação dos discursos dos juristas. O texto identifica uma crise na cultura doutrinocêntrica tradicional, provocada pela heterogeneidade valorativa da sociedade contemporânea e pelas transformações tecnológicas que permitiram acesso universal às decisões judiciais. Esta crise evidencia a necessidade de incorporar a metodologia de pesquisa à educação jurídica, pois essa competência emerge como componente essencial para capacitar os juristas tanto para a produção de conhecimentos rigorosos quanto para a incorporação de saberes empíricos à prática profissional.
Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction in a Gallbladder Cancer Patient: A Case of Sudden Coronary Thrombosis Post-normal Angiogram
Authors: Baig Akif Ahamad , Sandeep Joyal , Mahathi T. , Haritha Nagasri
Published: December 2024

Cancer patients face a heightened risk for thromboembolic events, including arterial thromboembolism such as myocardial infarction (MI). Thrombosis is a major cause of mortality in these patients due to the hypercoagulable state induced by malignancy and its treatments. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-coagulants secreted by tumor cells lead to endothelial damage and an increased risk of thrombus formation. Despite extensive research on venous thromboembolism in cancer, arterial thromboembolism remains less studied. This case report highlights an acute anterior wall MI in a patient with metastatic gallbladder cancer, who developed a sudden thrombotic event despite having a normal coronary angiogram shortly before. A 52-year-old female with metastatic gallbladder cancer presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain. Her cancer, diagnosed 6 months earlier, had been managed with cholecystectomy and subsequent chemotherapy. Fifteen days before her current admission, she had undergone a coronary angiogram due to atypical chest pain, which showed no significant coronary artery disease. At presentation, the patient reported, sudden chest pain radiating to the left arm. She was hemodynamically stable with normal blood pressure and heart rate. The physical examination was unremarkable. Electrocardiogram segment elevation (ST)-segment elevation in anterior leads (V2-V6) and limb leads (II, II, and augmented vector foot [aVF]), indicative of an acute anterior wall MI. Elevated cardiac biomarkers confirmed myocardial injury. A two-dimensional echocardiogram showed mild hypokinesia of the distal interventricular septum and the apex. A repeat coronary angiogram identified a thrombus in the left anterior descending artery, which was not present in the previous angiogram. The rapid appearance of the thrombus pointed to an acute thrombotic event. This case illustrates the aggressive nature of thrombotic events in cancer patients. Despite a normal angiogram 2 weeks prior, the patient developed a sudden coronary thrombus, reflecting the hypercoagulable state associated with malignancy. The management involved thrombus aspiration and tirofiban, which effectively resolved the acute event. This aligns with existing literature, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and proactive management in cancer patients to address the risk of rapid-onset thrombotic events. Cancer patients can experience sudden and severe thrombotic events, even with recent normal coronary evaluations. This case highlights the importance of ongoing cardiovascular assessment and tailored therapeutic strategies in managing cancer-associated thrombosis, underscoring the need for a collaborative approach between oncologists and cardiologists.
Syphilis renaissance: Truth or mirage. Analysis of syphilis trends and possible factors from a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Baskaran Narayanan , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil , Narang Tarun , Handa Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Background

Syphilis has shown a recent resurgence globally, including in India. However, inconsistency in the data and diagnostic criteria used, especially in India and developing countries, hinders ideal understanding. Factors responsible for this surge need to be explored.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the trends and describe the clinicodemographic characteristics of syphilis cases seen in a tertiary care health centre from Northern India.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review of syphilis patients registered in our sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic spanning 13 years from January 2011 to December 2023. Complete demographic details, sexual history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations of all syphilis cases, including associated STIs, were retrieved.

Results

The retrospective analysis included 2000 records, of which 324 were confirmed syphilis cases (16.2% of total STI cases). Patients’ mean age was 30.9 ± 9.9 years, of which 80.9% were male and 64.2% were married. Education level varied, with professionals comprising 22.2% of the total cohort. Premarital and extramarital exposure were present in 35.8% and 32.7% patients, respectively; over half (56.8%) reported multiple partners and 13% were homosexual. There was an initial plateau in the number of confirmed syphilis attending the clinic (2011–2019), a decrease during 2020–2021 due to COVID and significant increase from 2022 onwards. Latent syphilis was the most common (66.7%), followed by secondary (18.8%) and primary (8.9%). In all, 36.1% of syphilis patients had associated STIs, with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection being the most prevalent (25.0%).

Limitation

Retrospective nature of the study is major limitation. Rising trend needs validation with population-based studies to establish if the rise is true or a shadow phenomenon.

Conclusion

A resurgence of syphilis cases has appeared in the past two years, with latent syphilis contributing to the majority of cases. Possible factors for the surge include changing sexual behaviour, including male having sex with male (MSM), early adolescent sexual exposure, increased screening for latent syphilis, increased healthcare accessibility post-COVID-19 pandemic, and HIV co-infection.
Investigation of the use of gabapentinoid drugs in pain management
Authors: Yılmaz Ebru , Güler Duygu , Toluk Özlem
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the kind of painful conditions and preferred drug doses for which gabapentinoids were used for pain management for the musculoskeletal and nervous systems.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 364 patients over the age of 18 who applied to the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic with complaints of musculoskeletal and nervous system pain. Demographic characteristics of the patients including age, gender, body mass index, smoking, disease diagnoses, preferred gabapentinoid drug, and dosage were recorded. Moreover, the estimation of the severity of pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and 6 months after the treatments was collected from medical records.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 59.54 ± 11.59 years and 82.1% were female and 17.9% were male. The diseases preferred for drug use were lumbar disc herniation (39.3%), cervical disc herniation (13.7%), spondylolisthesis (11.3%), diabetic neuropathy (11%), frozen shoulder (10.7%), gonarthrosis (10.4%), psoriatic arthritis (8.5%), spondylosis (8%), fibromyalgia (4.9%), carpal tunnel syndrome (4.7%), complex regional pain syndrome (2.7%), restless leg syndrome (1.1%), coxarthrosis (0.8%), postherpetic neuralgia (0.8%), and hemiplegia (0.5%), respectively. There was significant female gender superiority in both pregabalin and gabapentin groups (P < 0.001). In whole chronic pain conditions, the VAS scores before and after 6 months of treatment were significantly reduced in both groups, except for restless legs syndrome (P = 0.066). According to the results of the study, it was determined that the indication for gabapentinoid use was mainly related to neuropathic pain and gabapentinoid doses were below the recommended amounts.

Conclusion:

Originally developed as anticonvulsants, gabapentin, and pregabalin are increasingly used in the treatment of various types of pain, including neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain. Although they raise concerns about addiction, it should not be overlooked that gabapentinoids are useful in the treatment of chronic painful conditions when used in the correct indications and doses.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injections in improving hypertrophic scarring and keloid formation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mortada Hatan , Alowais Fahad Abdullah , Alassaf Hala , Al Jabbar Imtinan , Albalawi Ibrahim Abdullah S. , Alshomer Feras , Alawirdhi Bassam
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

This article aims to provide a systematic review of the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. These types of scars pose significant challenges in clinical practice, and alternative treatment approaches are being explored. BTA has shown promise in its potential to modulate scar formation and improve outcomes.

Material and Methods:

Following the guidelines set forth by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a thorough examination of the available literature was conducted, encompassing the period from the inception of relevant databases until September 2023. The electronic databases utilized for this review included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EMBASE.

Results:

Our review evaluated 1001 articles, ultimately including 12 randomized controlled trials that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The visual analog scale (VAS) scores revealed a significant improvement in the cosmetic outcomes for the BTA group (mean difference [MD] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–2.05, P < 0.0001). Similarly, the vancouver scar scale (VSS) scores indicated superior scar quality in the BTA group (MD = −1.18, 95% CI −1.94 to −0.42, P = 0.001). Adverse events were minimal and included instances such as mild eyelid drooping and the development of an abscess requiring surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that BTA significantly improves hypertrophic scars and keloids, as shown by better VAS and VSS scores. Adverse events were minimal. Further large-scale studies are needed for validation.