bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of tissue adhesive (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) versus conventional suturing in umbilical hernia surgeries
Authors: Dua Atul , A. Nawaz Shariff , Prasad K. Krishna
Published: March 2021

Background: Umbilical hernia is a common problem encountered mostly in women. Conventional suturing is used as a traditional method for closure of skin in umbilical hernia surgeries. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue can be used as an alternative where tissue loss is minimal, minimal scarring, no significant bacterial infection and less postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tissue adhesive in the closure of umbilical skin incisions compared to conventional sutures.Methods: A prospective study was conducted including 30 patients with umbilical hernia. Patients were allocated into two groups using odd and even method: group A and B. Patients of group A underwent skin closure with topical tissue adhesive and that of group B underwent skin closure with conventional sutures. Skin closure time, postoperative pain, scar assessment using Vancouver scar scale and surgical site infection were recorded. IBS-statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 22 version was used to analyse the data.Results: 57% females and 43% males were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged between 18 and 60 years in both the groups. All patients had chief complaint of swelling in the umbilical area. Group A (tissue adhesive) patients had lesser skin closure time and cosmetically better scar than group B (conventional suturing) patients. Surgical site infection was seen in 2 patients in group B and 1 patient in group A.Conclusions: Tissue adhesive is superior as compared to conventional suture in terms of skin closure time, cosmesis, postoperative pain and postoperative surgical complications.
Bipolar cautery versus conventional suture ligation of vascular pedicles in thyroidectomy: a comparative clinical study
Authors: Prakash Om , S. Chandrashekar , Mattews Jency , George Robinson , K. Suprej , Mattew James , Francis Filsy Lilly , Shajan Flora Rachel , Alex Jincy , Kamath Gokul D.
Published: March 2021

Background:  Thyroidectomies are commonly performed surgeries worldwide. With better knowledge of anatomy and major advent of energy devices, morbidity of thyroidectomy has drastically declined. Two main globally followed procedures to deal with vascular pedicles are conventional suture ligation and electro cautery devices. The objectives of the present study are to compare classical suture ligation and bipolar cautery of vascular pedicles in thyroidectomy, in terms of duration of procedure, hospitalization and operative complications.Methods: Retrospective observational comparative study was conducted in 100 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in our institution for a period of 3 years from 4 September 2017. Non random sampling techniques applied on all consecutive patients who are eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Patients divided into two groups used: suture ligation (n=50), bipolar cauterization (n=50). The main outcomes measured were surgical and hospitalization time; duration of wound drain and post-operative complications (hoarseness, hypocalcemia and seroma).Student t test (for quantitative) and Chi Squaretest (for qualitative) applied for analysis.Results: Post-operative complications are present more in the suture ligation group (66%) compared to bipolar cautery (24%). The procedure time in ligation is a 131.6±17.7 minutes which is, significantly higher compared to bipolar cautery (97±7.5 minutes). Duration of hospital stay is more in suture ligation (6±0.8 days) compared to bipolar cautery (4.9±1.3 days).Conclusions: As per our study, bipolar cauterization has significant reduction of surgery time, duration of hospital stay and postoperative complications viz seroma, hoarseness of voice, hypocalcemia compared to conventional suture ligation.
A clinical study on conservative management of acute appendicitis in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Naik Bhanu Bharath
Published: March 2021

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common clinical entity which is treated surgically by appendectomy. In recent years acute uncomplicated appendicitis can also be managed non surgically with antibiotic therapy. Aim and Objective was to assess the outcome of conservative treatment in the management of acute appendicitis.Methods: All patients who were diagnosed as acute appendicitis radiologically were enrolled into the study considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Modified Alvarado score (MAS) was calculated based on clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory investigations. Injection ceftriaxone and injection metronidazole was given for 48-72 hours. Patients who responded for i.v. antibiotics were switched to tablet ciprofloxacin and tablet metronidazole for 7 days and followed for 6 months. Patients who didn’t respond to conservative treatment or had recurrence were classified as treatment failure/recurrence.Results: Totally 100 patients were enrolled in the study, 43 males and 57 females with a ratio of 1:1.32. Majority were in age group of 21-30. Ultrasound was performed in 91 patients, CT scan in 9 patients. 28 patients had MAS between 4-6 and 72 had between 7-9. 82 patients were successfully managed conservatively. 12 patients had failure of conservative treatment and 6 patients had recurrence.Conclusions: Success rate of conservative treatment in patients with MAS 4-6 was more than those with MAS 7-9 in this study. Complicated acute appendicitis should be managed surgically and uncomplicated acute appendicitis can be managed by conservative treatment provided they are strictly followed every month for 6 months to detect recurrences.
Comparative study on microbiological and histopathological examination of diabetic wounds managed by conventional dressing and vacuum assisted closure therapy
Authors: Kumar P. Ganesh , Raja K. , Haritha P. , Saravanakumari A. D. , Shanthi D. , Vasanthi S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus and its complications are rising. Managing the diabetic foot wound is very challenging. Early intervention and intense management using modern technique will improve the diabetic wounds for a definitive procedure and also prevent, reduce the level of amputation of extremity. Our study compares the microbiological and histopathological results of diabetic wounds managed by conventional dressing and VAC (vacuum assisted closure) therapy.Methods: This was an institutional based prospective study conducted between July 2018 and July 2019 consisting of 50 patients with diabetic wound of lower extremities. Patients were divided into group A- 25 patients underwent conventional dressing and group B- 25 patients underwent negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Wound swab and tissue biopsy was obtained on day 0 and day 10 from both groups and compared.Results: Among patients, 76% and 24% were males and females respectively. Histopathologically, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate were significantly decreased in group B compared to group A. Angiogenesis increased notably in group B. On microbiological grounds, from both groups Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most common organism on day 0 and 10. But the prevalence of infection in group B was grossly reduced when compared to group A.Conclusions: VAC therapy is a better modality to treat diabetic wound compared to conventional dressing as it accelerates the healing of a chronic wound by increasing angiogenesis and decreasing necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltrate and microbial growth.
Clinical study of adhesion obstruction at a tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mir Iqbal Saleem , Bashir Younis , Wani Yaser Hussain , Dar Younis , Thakur Shiwani , Nowreen Farzanah , Andrabi Syed Aadil Shadaab , Khanday Anees
Published: March 2021

Background: Adhesion obstruction is one of the most common presentations of acute abdomen and an important cause of general surgical consultation. This study aimed to analyse demographic features, clinical features, predisposing factors, and management of this surgical problem.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and was conducted in the Department of General Surgery of SMHS hospital entitling 267 patients who were diagnosed and treated over 5 years from May 2014 to April 2019.Results: The most common age group diagnosed with acute intestinal obstruction was between 31 to 40 years, with the incidence more in males (65.5%) as compared to females (34.4%). The most common clinical feature was abdominal pain (98.1%) followed by vomiting (93.6%), constipation (86.1%) abdominal distension (82.3%). Postoperative adhesions (40.07%) followed by obstructed hernias (23.3%) and malignancies (14.6%) were the most common predisposing factors. Ischemia was the most common complication in 11.2% of patients followed by necrosis at 6.7% and perforation at 2.9%. Adhesiolysis was the most common surgical procedure performed 43.8% followed by anatomical repair 21.7% and resection and end to end anastomosis 15.3%, enterotomy 10.86%, and Hartman’s procedure 8.2%.Conclusions: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is an important surgical emergency. Post-operative adhesions remain the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction, with patients most commonly presenting with pain abdomen, all necessary steps must be taken to lessen the chances of adhesions after any surgical procedure.
Comparative outcomes of open retrorectus versus laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair of ventral hernia in a tertiary care center
Authors: Mukhamale Vivek V. , Thakur Bhushankumar A. , Deotale Snehal , Mudgerikar Rajas
Published: March 2021

Background: The combined Rives-Stoppa technique has been adopted as the gold standard for open incisional hernia repair. Laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) hernioplasty is a newer technique in managing ventral hernia. Based on this we have done single institution retrospective study of IPOM and open rectrorectus mesh repair for ventral hernia with size less than 5 cm.Methods: This study was single institution retrospective study, where we have analyzed the data of 30 patients in each group of ventral hernia, with median 18 months of follow up. Their data analyzed for demographics, surgical site occurrence and short terms recurrence.Results: Our study consists of 30 heterogenous population with similar age distribution in each group, mean time for surgery was 70.83 min for open and 66.33 minutes for IPOM. There was surgical site infection in 3 patients operated by open procedure and 2 patients in IPOM procedure. Duration of hospital stay which is more in open retrorectus repaired patients, 5.47 (mean) days and less in laparoscopic IPOM repaired patients, 5.07 (mean) days. Recurrence in both groups of patients is not seen in 6 months follow up in our study.Conclusions: Study supports safety in terms of duration of surgery, postoperative pain, surgical site infection, duration of hospital stays and efficacy in terms of return of normal activity and recurrence, equally effective in both open retrorectus and laparoscopic IPOM repair of ventral hernia with size less than 5 cm.
H. pylori and peptic ulcer perforation: prevalence of infection and role in surgical outcome
Authors: Anwar Saad , Anees Afzal , Afroz Nishat , Aziz Sabiha
Published: March 2021

Background: Perforated peptic ulcer is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Despite a definite association of H. pylori with peptic ulcer disease, its association with peptic ulcer perforation is still doubtful. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its role in surgical outcome of patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of north India for a period of two years and included 136 consecutive patients of perforated peptic ulcer who underwent emergency laparotomy. H. pylori infection was tested on ulcer margin biopsy using rapid urease test kit and confirmed on histopathological examination.Results: 136 consecutive patients of perforated peptic ulcer were included in this study with mean age of 42.43 years and sex ratio of 11.4:1. H. pylori infection was present in fifty four percent (54%) of patients. There was no relationship of H. pylori infection with morbidity and mortality of patients.Conclusions: H. pylori infection should be assessed at the time of primary surgical management on biopsy specimen using rapid urease test and confirmed on histopathological examination. All positive patients should be subjected to H. pylori eradication therapy.
Bacteriological profile with antibiotic sensitivity pattern of burn wound infections in a peripheral tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mandal Arnab , Das Swapan
Published: March 2021

Background: India, has an estimated burn incidence of 6-7 million annually. Nearly 10% of these are life threatening and require hospitalization, and main cause of mortality and morbidity of these burn patients were wound infection and sepsis after 1st 24 hours. The present study was tried to determine specific pattern of burn wound infections, and antibiotic susceptibility of those isolates.Methods: After matching inclusion and exclusion criteria, total 55 patients were taken for this institution based, prospective observational study. Wound swabs were collected on day 7 and cultured aerobically in MacConkey agar and 5% blood agar and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on Muller Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Among study population 69.1% patients were female and majority (29.1%) of the patients belongs to age group from 21 to 30. It was found that 48 wound swabs were positive for microorganisms, of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most common isolated organism (23.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.5%). The most effective antibiotic found in this study was piperacillin/tazobactam, followed by imipenem/cilastatin.Conclusions: It was seen that gram-negative organisms were more prevalent. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microorganism and piperacillin/tazobactam was most effective antibiotic.
Changes in patient’s life after rhinoplasty
Authors: Disawal Ankit , Srivastava Sunil
Published: March 2021

Background: Aesthetic surgeries are performed to improve individual’s satisfaction with their appearance and also to improve their psychological health by improving self-confidence and self-esteem. Our study aimed to ascertain patient satisfaction in regard to nose appearance and function with the use of a validated questionnaire before and after rhinoplasty surgery.Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, SMS hospital Jaipur India from October 2018 to February 2020. The rhinoplasty outcome evaluation ROE questionnaire was used to study patient’s satisfaction. Patients underwent open rhinoplasty, closed rhinoplasty, primary rhinoplasty, revision rhinoplasty and additional nasal surgery such as septoplasty as per required. Data were collected from 70 patients before and 6 month after surgery. Results before and after surgery were compared.Results: 70 out of 83 patients completed questionnaires. Most common age group is from 16 to 45 year. Most common reason for rhinoplasty in our study is aesthetic (58.5%), both aesthetic and functional (28.5%), functional (12.8%). Preoperative and postoperative ROE score shows significant improvement after 6 month in functional and aesthetic aspect. Mean preoperative score of all patients were 33.6 and the mean postoperative score were 80.4. Difference in improvement of scores was not significant when groups were divided on the basis of sex, age, concomitant nasal procedure, primary or revision surgery, open or closed rhinoplasty.Conclusions: Rhinoplasty surgery significantly improved patient quality of life regarding nose function and appearance. ROE questionnaire proves reliable equipment for estimating patient satisfaction.
Triple diagnostic test in the evaluation of thyroid nodules
Authors: Kamini Snigdha , Arora Jainendra K. , Jain Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2021

Background: Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine disease whose prevalence in India is approximately 12.2%. Although most patients with suspected nodules have benign conditions, the overestimation of malignancy leads to the performance of unnecessary procedures. No clinical, radiological and cytological parameters has singularly shown significant impact on clinical practice and post-operative histopathological examination remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of malignancy.Methods: 55 patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated and the Clinical assessment findings were recorded by McGill thyroid nodule score, ultrasonography findings using TIRADS and FNAC findings by the Bethesda system. The triple test was then used to classify them and these results were compared with the HPE of the post-operative specimen.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of TIRADS, FNAC were higher as compared to clinical score; clinical score had lowest sensitivity of 72.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of triple test was 100%. Triple test had higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating thyroid nodules as compared to any of the three parameters used individually.Conclusions: Triple test has higher accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in determining the nature of thyroid nodule than each of the parameters used individually and it is especially useful in follicular lesions. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that the triple test can reliably be used to differentiate benign and malignant nodules preoperatively.
Aortic valve surgery for aortic regurgitation caused by Libman-Sacks endocarditis in a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ho Y. L. , Zaidi Nurul A. , Salleh Ahmadi , Kareem Basheer A.
Published: March 2021

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an antibody mediated pro-thrombotic state leading to various arterial and venous thromboses. The syndrome can be either primary or secondary to other autoimmune diseases. Cardiac involvement, in particular valvular disease is common in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) but it is frequently underestimated as most clinicians do not routinely screen for valvular lesion in patients with APS unless they are symptomatic. Valvular disease associated with antiphospholipid syndrome often occurs as valve thickening and non-bacterial vegetation or Libman-Sacks endocarditis, with a higher propensity towards mitral valve although haemodynamically significant valvular dysfunction is rare. Valve surgery in patients with APS carries considerable early and late morbidity and mortality, usually caused by thromboembolic and bleeding events. The perioperative anticoagulation management and haemostatic aspect of APS present exceptional challenges to clinicians, surgeons, anaesthetists and laboratory personnel. Thus, the indication of valve surgery and the choice of valve remains a critical consideration in these patients. We present a successful isolated aortic valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass in a 48 year old lady with newly diagnosed antiphospholipid syndrome, who has severe aortic regurgitation as a result of Libman-Sacks endocarditis. Antiphospholipid antibodies were positive and the clinical data showed both negative cultures and infective parameters. Surgically resected vegetations revealed sterile fibrin fibrinous and verrucous vegetations on aortic valve. Valve replacement and the course of cardiopulmonary bypass were uneventful, and patient was discharged well.
Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis presenting as obstructive jaundice
Authors: Shafique Muhammad Salman , Fatima Sayyam
Published: March 2021

A 36-year-old male patient presented in surgical clinic with complaints of abdominal pain and progressively increasing yellowish discoloration of his skin and sclera for last 1 month. He was deeply jaundiced with mild tenderness in epigastric region. He had a strong family history of tuberculosis. Diagnostic work-up revealed obstructive jaundice secondary to pancreatic tuberculosis. Tomographic examination revealed a pancreatic head mass with peripancreatic lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a mass at pancreatic head region & EUS guided fine needle aspiration revealed tuberculosis. Patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy with gradual improvement of symptoms over the course of treatment.
Treatment of a duodenal perforation after mucosectomy: case report and literature review
Authors: Simões João , Melo Catarina , Camacho Cristina , Fraga Emília , Bernardes António
Published: March 2021

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are rare. Its incidence is increasing due to access to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In early stages, endoscopic submucosal dissection is a valid approach. However, endoscopic procedures of duodenum have high risk of complications due to its particularly anatomic configuration. Perforation of duodenum is a complication from endoscopic submucosal dissection, and it is a diagnostic challenge. Abdominal computed tomography with oral contrast is the best exam to diagnose duodenum perforation. Late perforation can present with fever and tachycardia, without abdominal pain or tenderness. There is not an optimal or standard management of duodenal perforation. Medical treatment, endoscopic procedures, percutaneous drainage, or surgical approaches can be possible and valid. The patient state, anatomy and localization of perforation and surgeon experience need to be factors to have in count. The authors present a case of a large duodenal perforation after endoscopic submucosal dissection with subhepatic abscess, managed with surgical approach, performing an antrectomy with Y-en-Roux gastrojejunostomy and duodenostomy with a Pezzer tube. The patient started oral feeding on fifth day post-operative, and performed a fistulography on twentieth day post-operative, without contrast leak. Discharged occurred on post-operative day 41 without main complications. The Pezzer tube was removed four months after surgery, and one month later the abdominal wound where Pezzer tube was, closed.
Synchronous breast and colon cancer in a young female: a single stage surgery
Authors: Abushwemeh Mohammed Ayed , Jabeen Nusrat , Al Qaseer Asma , Isa Mohamed , Al Rayes Amal , Al Marzooq Raed
Published: March 2021

Synchronous breast and colon cancers are rare, particularly in the absence of family history. Synchronous tumors should always be kept in mind during the staging workup for the primary malignancy. There are no definitive guidelines for the management of synchronous tumors, thus the involvement of tumour board multidisciplinary team is essential. We present a case of a young female patient who was diagnosed with synchronous breast and colon cancer. A handful of synchronous breast and colon cancer cases have been reported and operated at intervals, but up to our knowledge this is the first case operated simultaneously in a single stage surgery.
Testicular necrosis: a rare complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hota Parthasarathi
Published: March 2021

A case presented here depicting testicular necrosis in a 45 years old male patient with diabetes mellitus. Past history suggestive of diabetes with very irregular medication. Patient presented with gradually increasing right testicular enlargement for three weeks. Ultrasonography showed abscess formation with no vascularity in right testis. Right orchiectomy done. Histopathology report confirmed testicular necrosis. Testicular necrosis is a common complication after torsion which leads to orchiectomy. In those cases, patients present with acute onset pain in the scrotum, usually unilateral. On examination there is acutely tender testis with red and angry looking overlying skin. In diabetic patients, urinary tract infections are common occurrence as well as epididymo-orchitis. Patients present with testicular pain with fever, leucocytosis etc. But testicular necrosis is extremely rare. Long term complications specific to diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Patients with all forms of diabetes of sufficient duration, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, are vulnerable to these complications, which cause serious morbidity. Testicular necrosis is a very rare complication of diabetes mellitus. An internet search did not reveal any article of testicular necrosis as a complication of diabetes. A case of unilateral testicular necrosis as a complication of diabetes mellitus is presented here for the first time. Probably accelerated microangiopathy along with poor control of blood glucose led to this unique complication.
A rare complication of the great mimicker: free tubercular ileal perforation
Authors: Gayathre S. P. , . Kudiyarasu , Kannan R. , Shajini N.
Published: March 2021

Primary intestinal tuberculosis is an uncommon form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. With non-specific manifestations, unusual presentations and no proven superior diagnostic modality, differentiation and diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is a difficult scenario. Undiagnosed, untreated cases may present with complications. Free perforation of small bowel due to tuberculosis is a rare complication (1-2%) because of adhesion formation and reactive peritoneal thickening; however, when it occurs is most feared for its association with high mortality. We report a case of an elderly male who presented with features of intestinal perforation, treated with emergency surgery and diversion ostomy for small bowel perforation which was diagnosed post-operatively to be of tubercular etiology. Acute care surgeons may be trapped in diagnosing such cases with its non-specific imaging findings, and hence must maintain a low threshold for surgical intervention in the emergency setting.
Management strategies for giant abdominal pseudocyst in a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Madaan Prateek , Grewal Inayat , Gupta Vipin K. , Kulshreshtha Anshul , Gupta Soumya
Published: March 2021

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is considered as the mainstay treatment of hydrocephalus, it remains as one of the most failure prone surgical interventions worldwide. Abdominal pseudocyst (APC) is one of the rare complications of VP shunt and is more prevalent in paediatric population. In this case, the patient is an 11-year-old male with history of tubercular meningitis with hydrocephalus for which VP shunt was done and the patient developed a giant abdominal pseudocyst which is the 3rd largest pseudocyst reported till date in a paediatric patient known best to our knowledge. This case is particularly unique due to rapid development of such a large pseudocyst in a span as short as 6 weeks. In this article, the causes of formation of APC and the treatment protocol to manage the patient with abdominal pseudocyst secondary to VP shunt are also discussed.
Need for restrictive criteria to define symptomatic cholelithiasis to avoid unnecessary cholecystectomies-evidence from the literature review
Authors: Nabi Naveed
Published: March 2021

Gall stone disease (GSD) is one among the most common reasons for which patients flock the office of general surgeons and cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide. Though majority of the patients are asymptomatic but a considerable number among them are deprived of their vital gall bladder for just or unjust reasons. With the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there has been significant escalation in unnecessary cholecystectomies leading to excessive burden on health care system as well as subjecting patients to undue surgical risk. Considering the benign natural history of GSD, a restrictive strategy should be adopted while deciding surgical management for GSD. In this article, the author has given evidence from already published literature to support his views. Preoperative and sincere assessment of each symptom with exclusion of functional disorders and due consideration of patient’s life expectancy are paramount in reducing unnecessary cholecystectomies as well as ensuring long tern relief of symptoms post-surgery.
A Profile Analysis of User Interaction in Social Media Using Deep Learning
Authors: İş Hafzullah , Tuncer Taner
Published: March 2021

It is highly important to detect malicious account interaction in social networks with regard to political, social and economic aspects. This paper analyzed the profile structure of social media users using their data interactions. A total of 10 parameters including diameter, density, reciprocity, centrality and modularity were used to comprehensively characterize the interactions of Twitter users. Moreover, a new data set was formed by visualizing the data obtained with these parameters. User profiles were classified using Convolutional Neural Network models with deep learning. Users were divided into active, passive and malicious classes. Success rates for the algorithms used in the classification were estimated based on the hyper parameters and application platforms. The best model had a success rate of 98.67%. The methodology demonstrated that Twitter user profiles can be classified successfully through user interaction-based parameters. It is expected that this paper will contribute to published literature in terms of behavioral analysis and the determination of malicious accounts in social networks.
Face Recognition by Using 2D Orthogonal Subspace Projections
Authors: Ergin Semih , Isik Sahin , Gulmezoglu Mehmet Bilginer
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the implementations and comparison of some classifiers along with 2D subspace projection approaches have been carried out for the face recognition problem. For this purpose, the well-known classifiers such as K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Common Matrix Approach (CMA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are conducted on low dimensional face representations that are determined from 2DPCA-, 2DSVD- and 2DFDA approaches. CMA, which is a 2D version of the Common Vector Approach (CVA), finds a common matrix for each face class. From the experimental results, we have observed that the SVM presents a dominant performance in general. When overall results of all datasets are considered, CMA is slightly superior to others in case of 2DPCA- and 2DSVD-based features matrices of the AR dataset. On the other side, CNN is better than other classifiers when it comes to develop a face recognition system based on original face samples and 2DPCA-based feature matrices of the Yale dataset. The experimental results indicate that use of these feature matrices with CMA, SVM, and CNN in classification problems is more advantageous than the use of original pixel matrices in the sense of both processing time and memory requirement.
Signal Dynamics Analysis for Epileptic Seizure Classification on EEG Signals
Authors: Hadiyoso Sugondo , Wijayanto Inung , Humairani Annisa
Published: March 2021

Epilepsy is the most common form of neurological disease. Patients with epilepsy may experience seizures of a certain duration with or without provocation. Epilepsy analysis can be done with an electroencephalogram (EEG) examination. Observation of qualitative EEG signals generates high cost and often confuses due to the nature of the non-linear EEG signal and noise. In this study, we proposed an EEG signal processing system for EEG seizure detection. The signal dynamics approach to normal and seizure signals' characterization became the main focus of this study. Spectral Entropy (SpecEn) and fractal analysis are used to estimate the EEG signal dynamics and used as feature sets. The proposed method is validated using a public EEG dataset, which included preictal, ictal, and interictal stages using the Naïve Bayes classifier. The test results showed that the proposed method is able to generate an ictal detection accuracy of up to 100%. It is hoped that the proposed method can be considered in the detection of seizure signals on the long-term EEG recording. Thus it can simplify the diagnosis of epilepsy.
Comparison of Plant Leaf Classification Using Modified AlexNet and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wagle Shivali Amit , R Harikrishnan
Published: March 2021

Automatic identification methods for the early detection of disease in plants play a significant role in precision crop protection. Various methods have been employed in the task of plant disease recognition. This work benefits in actual identification of a plant and further detection of disease in them. In this paper, the leaf images of 9 different plants with 32 different classes of the PlantVillage database are analyzed for the process. The main contribution of this work is to classify the plant leaf disease with the proposed network-based on AlexNet and comparing with the traditional support vector machine. The convolutional neural network is used to detect the plant leaf and identify the healthy and diseased plant through this network. The mixed combination of healthy and diseased plant leaf data is used for training the convolutional neural network. Transfer learning is used for the pre-trained AlexNet network for a different amount of data for training of the network, and results are validated with a support vector machine and deep learning classifier. AlexNet performed well with an accuracy of 91.15% as compared to SVM giving 88.96% and 89.69% for radial basis function kernel and linear kernel respectively.
Investigation of Ideal Number User Terminals with Spectrum Efficiency in Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Dikmen Osman , Kulaç Selman
Published: March 2021

Suppose that a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is developed from scratch to equally envelop a defined region with optimal spectrum efficiency (SE) in next generation wireless communication systems such as sixth-generation (6G) and beyond networks. What are the ideal number of user terminals U, number of base stations antennas, and used pilot reuse factor? The purpose of this paper is to address this specific issue. Three interference levels are specified for this. Based on these interference levels, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratios (SINRs) are extracted. Closed-form spectrum efficiency equations are thus obtained. As a function of the base station (BS) antenna number, simulations are carried out considering multiple pilot reuse factors and diverse processing schemes such as Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Zero-Forcing (ZF). From the results, it is understood that U varies according to the processing schemes. Therefore, evaluating the results considering the fixed number of users K will not give an accurate result in determining the design parameters for the next generation communication systems. In general, these results are useful statements that spectrum efficiency is maximized when the ideal number of users U is used in multi-cell systems.
Recognition of Teaching Features and Behaviors in Online Open Courses Based on Image Processing
Authors: Li Sheliang , Chai Huaqi
Published: March 2021

High-quality online open courses have a wide audience. To further improve the quality of these courses, it is critical to analyze the teaching behaviors in class, which are the manifestation of the overall quality of the teacher. Considering the popularity of image processing-based behavior recognition in many disciplines, this paper explores deep into the teaching features and behaviors in online open courses based on image processing. Firstly, a coding scale was designed for teaching behaviors in online open courses. Next, the principle of optical flow solving was explained for teaching video images. Then, a teaching behavior feature extraction model was established based on dual-flow deep CNN, and used to extract the key points of teacher body and the behavior features of the teacher. After that, a teaching behavior recognition method was developed combining histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and support vector machine (SVM) to accurately allocate the teaching features and behaviors to the corresponding teaching links. Finally, the proposed model was proved effective through experiments. Based on the recognized teaching behaviors, the frequency and duration of such behaviors were subject to comparative analysis, revealing the teaching features in high-quality online open courses.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and Grey Level Difference for Lung Sound Classification
Authors: Hadiyoso Sugondo , Rizal Achmad
Published: March 2021

Lung sound is one of the parameters of respiratory health. This sound has a specific character if there is a disease in the lungs. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish one type of lung sound to another. It takes the expertise, experience and sensitivity of clinicians to avoid misdiagnosis. Therefore, many studies have proposed a feature extraction method combined with automatic classification method for the detection of lung disease through lung sound analysis. Since the complex nature of biological signals which are produced by complex processes, the multiscale method is an interesting feature extraction method to be developed. This study proposes an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a modified gray level difference (GLD) for a lung sound classification. The EMD was used to decompose the signal, and then GLD was measured on each decomposed signal as a feature set. There are five classes of lung sounds which were simulated in this study, including normal, wheeze, crackle, pleural rub, and stridor. Performance evaluation was carried out using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and 3-fold cross-validation. This proposed method yielded the highest accuracy of 96.97%. This study outperformed several previous studies which were simulated on the same dataset. It is hoped that in the future, the proposed methods can be tested on larger datasets to determine the robustness of the methods.
A STUDY OF PATH RELATIONSHIP OF WORKPLACE STRESSORS WITH PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Authors: Ahmad Saghir , Batool Ayesha , Naz Sadaf
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to explore the path relationship of workplace stressors and faculty health of university teachers.

Methodology: It was a quantitative and correlational survey study in nature. Two hundred and fifty faculty members were selected as a sample of study conveniently. A self-developed questionnaire on a Likert scale was used to explore the level of association between workplace stressors and teachers’ health. The validity and item consistency were measured by structural modeling. For this, four tests were applied. The Consistency values showed strong validness and highly significant consistent and reliable scales of workplace stressors and faculty health.

Main Findings: The findings of the study show that is a strong significant positive association between workplace stressors and faculty health r = .81. This strong correlation confirms that the health of teaching faculty is affected by workplace stressors.

Applications of this study: The study has practical implications for teachers’ health and stress factors in the teaching profession. This study contributed positively to producing new knowledge in the psychology field. The university administration may pay attention to provide a stress-free atmosphere to faculty members for their good health.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The readers may come to know about workplace stressors and how stressors are associated health of teachers. The analysis was done by using SmartPLS which was used to determine the relationship between variables.
GENEROSITY LINKED TO SPIRITUALITY, RESILIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG YOUTH: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GOODNESS
Authors: Malik Najma Iqbal , Perveen Shahida , Raza Mehr Mohsin
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: This exploration was intended to check the link of generosity upon resilience, spirituality, and psychological adjustment among youth.

Methodology: Purposive sample of volunteer Youth workers (N = 175) of welfare and charity organizations from three major Pakistani cities (age range 19 to 28 years both male and female) were part of the study. International Personality Item Pool scale; sub-constructs of Generosity and Spirituality from Values in Action scale, Psychological Well-Being (PWB), and the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure concepts in the current exploration. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 version. Pearson correlation was used to check correlation among variables. The prediction was checked through linear regression. Lastly, an independent sample t-test was used to analyze demographics.

Main Findings: Significant positive relationship of generosity with spirituality, resilience, and psychological well-being among youth was found. Spirituality was positively predicted by generosity; whereas psychological wellbeing was positively predicted by resilience. Female youth had high generosity and was more resilient but spirituality and psychological well-being were the same across genders. Youth from joint families was more generous and resilient than those from nuclear families.

Implications of this study: Study findings have sound practical implications for policymakers, community activists, and social / health psychologists to understand the generosity phenomena and how it can be vital for building a sustainable and progressive community. Suggestions for future researchers along with present study limitations have also been discussed.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This is empirical research and all the data is based upon natural human behavior without any manipulation.
Transformation of the Banking Sector of Ukraine: Reasons and Consequences
Authors: Khutorna Myroslava
Published: March 2021

This paper is devoted to the consideration of the preconditions and results of the banking sector of Ukraine transforming, its influence on the sector’s productivity, stability and significance for the real economy. It’s grounded that banking sector of Ukraine has seriously weakened its potential for the economic development stimulation. On the one hand, due to the banking sector clearance from the bad and unscrupulous banks the system has become much more sensitive to the monetary instruments and its state is going to be more predictable and better controlled. But on the other hand, massive banks’ liquidations have caused the worsening of the confidence in financial system and radical increasing of the market concentration the highest degree of which is observed in the householders’ deposit market.
pesquisa jurídica em questão
Authors: Maciel-Lima Sandra , Souza-Lima José Edmilson , Motta Jefferson Holliver , Anderson João Paulo Jamnik , Ryndack Jaqueline Maria , Gouveia Yumi Sagawa , Mendes Camila Capucho Cury , Matosinhos Isabella Silva
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é verificar em que medida os textos publicados em periódicos do campo jurídico apresentam e explicitam critérios metodológicos recomendados pela Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas. Caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório e descritivo, utilizando-se de revisão sistemática com abordagem bibliométrica. A partir dos dados obtidos, verificamos que dos 241 artigos encontrados nas revistas de Direito, 37% não indicam o objetivo no resumo; 61% dos artigos não explicitam o método e/ou a técnica usados para desenvolver a pesquisa; e, por fim, 61% não explicitam os resultados e/ou conclusões. Se de um lado, a ausência recorrente desses elementos fundantes de uma pesquisa, em qualquer campo, tende a fragilizar e projetar-se como obstáculo às publicações jurídicas com pretensões científicas, de outro, torna visível a necessidade de refinamento da pesquisa no campo jurídico
Web Uygulama Sızma Testlerinde Kapsam Genişletme İşlemi İçin Metodoloji Geliştirilmesi ve Uygulanması
Authors: Yalçınkaya Mehmet Ali , Küçüksille Ecir
Published: March 2021

Günümüzde, farklı alanlarda hizmet veren tüm kurum ve kuruluşlar, hizmet verdikleri kitlelere daha hızlı ulaşabilmek ve daha etkili hizmet verebilmek adına web uygulamalarını etkin bir şekilde kullanmaktadır. Web uygulamalarının yaygın olarak kullanılması, bu uygulamalara yönelik saldırıların sayısında ve çeşidinde ciddi oranda artışa neden olmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen saldırılar sonrasında oluşan zararın ciddi boyutlara ulaşması nedeniyle, kurum ve kuruluşlar web uygulamalarını belirli periyotlarla sızma testlerine tabi tutmaktadırlar. Sızma testlerinde uzmanlar, web uygulamaları üzerinde çeşitli zafiyetlerin varlığını kontrol etmektedirler. Web uygulamaları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen sızma testlerinde uzmanlara çoğunlukla tek bir URL adresi verilmekte, bu URL adresinden yola çıkarak testlerini gerçekleştirmesi istenmektedir. Bu çalışmada; kullanıcı tercihlerine göre, farklı kaynaklar ve yöntemler kullanarak, test esnasında taranacak URL adreslerinin listesini oluşturan bir kapsam belirleme aracı geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen araç, web uygulama sızma testlerinde aktif olarak test kapsamı belirlemede kullanılan 6 farklı araç ile karşılaştırılmış, Httrack aracı ile birlikte en fazla sayıda URL adresini topladığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, sunduğu farklı modlarda kapsam tarama modülleri sayesinde, literatürde kullanılan zafiyet tarayıcıların birçoğundan daha modüler ve kapsamlı tarama imkânı sunmaktadır.
Tekstil Endüstrisinde Karbon Ayak İzinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Coşkun Sezen , Doğan Necdet
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, bir tekstil fabrikasının konfeksiyon, kumaş boyama, baskı ve iplik boyama bölümlerinde 2018 yılı için yıllık üretim faaliyetleri sonucu meydana gelen karbon ayak izi miktarları değerlendirilmiştir. Fabrikada üretim yapılan bölümler arasında karbon ayak izi miktarları karşılaştırıldığında, konfeksiyon bölümü 24,39 kg-CO2e/kg-ürün ile en yüksek değere sahiptir. Konfeksiyon bölümünü takiben kumaş boyama, baskı ve iplik boyama için karbon ayak izi miktarları sırasıyla, 21,57 kg-CO2e/kg-ürün, 20,32 kg-CO2e/kg-ürün ve 19,28 kg-CO2e/kg-ürün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Proseslerde karbon ayak izi oluşumunun başlıca sebepleri doğalgaz, kömür ve motorin kullanımıdır. Doğalgaz, kömür ve motorin kaynaklı toplam karbon ayak izi oranı iplik boyama bölümünde %92 iken, baskı, kumaş boyama ve konfeksiyon bölümleri için bu oranlar sırasıyla %84, %82 ve %73 olarak belirlenmiştir. Karbon ayak izinin azaltılması amacıyla ilk yapılması gereken üretimde fosil yakıtların kullanımından vazgeçmek veya kullanımını azaltmak olmalıdır. Karbon ayak izinin azaltılmasında modern ekipman teknolojisinin tercih edilmesi, enerji tasarrufu, giyim süresi dolan kumaşların tekrar hammadde olarak kullanımı, makinelerin düzenli olarak bakımlarının yapılması, sıcak su tanklarının yalıtımlı hale getirilmesi ve enerji tasarruflu aydınlatma elemanlarının kullanımı büyük oranda katkı sağlayabilir. Karbon ayak izinin azaltılması hem ekonomik kazancın artırılması hem de iklim değişikliğinin azaltılabilmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Makine Öğrenmesi Teknikleriyle Diyabet Hastalığının Sınıflandırılması
Authors: Özlüer Başer Bilge , Yangın Metin , Sarıdaş E. Selin
Published: March 2021

Diyabet, dünya çapında artan ve gerçekleşen ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir. Sürekli artan vaka sayısı diyabetin önlenmesi, erken teşhisi, tedavisi ve takibi konularında bilimsel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Son dönemlerde medikal alanda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde elde edilen verinin analiz edilmesi, hastalıkların tanı ve tedavi sürecine olumlu katkılar yapmaktadır. Diyabet hastalığı kapsamında da araştırmacılar, hastalığın teşhis edilmesine yönelik, veriye dayalı sistematik yaklaşımlar geliştirmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, 1999-2008 yılları arasında ABD’de bulunan 130 hastanedeki 70000 kayda ait sağlık vakalarından elde edilmiş veri seti düzenlenerek, bireylerin diyabet durumuna göre sınıflandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Sınıflandırma için veri setine uygun makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından yararlanılmış ve bu algoritmaların sonuçları performans ölçütlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en iyi performans gösteren beş sınıflandırma algoritması (Karar ağaçları, k-en yakın komşuluk, Lojistik regresyon, Naive Bayes ve Rastgele orman) değerlendirmeye alınmış olup en iyi doğru sınıflandırma performansı Rastgele orman algoritması ile elde edilmiştir.