bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Genetic Diversity of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) Cultivars of Eastern Nepal Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Munankarmi Nabin Narayan , Rana Neesha , Bhattarai Tribikram , Shrestha Ram Lal , Joshi Bal Krishna , Baral Bikash , Shrestha Sangita
Published: June 2018

Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) is an important fruit crop, which has high commercial value and is cultivated in 60 out of the 77 districts representing all geographical landscapes of Nepal. A lack of improved high-yielding varieties, infestation with various diseases, and pests, as well as poor management practices might have contributed to its extremely reduced productivity, which necessitates a reliable understanding of genetic diversity in existing cultivars. Hereby, we aim to characterize the genetic diversity of acid lime cultivars cultivated at three different agro-ecological gradients of eastern Nepal, employing PCR-based inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Altogether, 21 polymorphic ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity in 60 acid lime cultivars sampled from different geographical locations. Analysis of binary data matrix was performed on the basis of bands obtained, and principal coordinate analysis and phenogram construction were performed using different computer algorithms. ISSR profiling yielded 234 amplicons, of which 87.18% were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 7–18, with amplicon size ranging from ca. 250–3200 bp. The Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSYS)-based cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA) algorithm and Dice similarity coefficient separated 60 cultivars into two major and three minor clusters. Genetic diversity analysis using Popgene ver. 1.32 revealed the highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB), Nei’s genetic diversity (H), and Shannon’s information index (I) for the Terai zone (PPB = 69.66%; H = 0.215; I = 0.325), and the lowest of all three for the high hill zone (PPB = 55.13%; H = 0.173; I = 0.262). Thus, our data indicate that the ISSR marker has been successfully employed for evaluating the genetic diversity of Nepalese acid lime cultivars and has furnished valuable information on intrinsic genetic diversity and the relationship between cultivars that might be useful in acid lime breeding and conservation programs in Nepal.
Estimation of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spent Coffee and Black Tea (Processing) Waste for Potential Recovery and Reuse in Sudan
Authors: Abdeltaif Samar A. , SirElkhatim Khitma A. , Hassan Amro B.
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant power associated with spent coffee and black tea processing waste. Ethanolic extracts from the samples were prepared in order to determine the quantities/concentrations of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, and associated levels of antioxidant activity. The results showed that both the spent coffee and black tea waste had high amounts of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity rates. The total phenolic and flavonoids content was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the spent black tea than in the spent coffee. The total phenolic content was found to be 152.8 and 97.87 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g, while the total amount of flavonoids was found to be 47.40 and 34.32 mg catechin/g in spent black tea and coffee, respectively. However, the spent coffee had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than that detected in the spent black tea (57.83%). Consequently, the results revealed that the waste residue of spent coffee and black tea may be considered as natural sources of bioactive compounds and that there may be potential for recycling these waste products, which could be applied in different industries to further develop functional foods.
God’s Presence within Henry’s Phenomenology of Life: The Phenomenological Revelation of God in Opposition to Plantinga’s Affirmation of God’s Existence
Authors: Gonçalves Lind Andreas
Published: June 2018

The recent debate on the notorious Anselmian proof of God’s existence, usually called the “ontological argument”, is placed within an analytic approach, since Alvin Plantinga revisited this argument beginning in the sixties and especially during the seventies. At the same time, Michel Henry contested this proof, situating the debate in a completely different area of philosophy. Henry’s critique does not concern the question of logical validity or the matter of rational justification of religious belief. Rather, Henry focuses on the way existence is conceived. In so doing, his phenomenology of life shows the difference between affirming God’s existence (in every “possible world”) and accessing God’s presence inside the ego’s subjectivity. In this article, I will try to show how Henry’s way of proceeding makes self-life-experience a legitimate foundation for a belief in God’s presence (not only the simple intellectual affirmation of His existence).
Ifa Fuyū’s Search for Okinawan-Japanese Identity
Authors: Ishida Masato
Published: June 2018

This paper focuses on the crucial role played by Ifa Fuyū, the “father of Okinawan studies,” in articulating ideas related to Okinawan-Japanese identity. Starting with a brief overview of Ifa’s life and work, especially his pioneering work in Ryukyuan linguistics, the author observes how Ifa’s progressive and reformist perspective shapes his discourse on religion, language, and history. The author then moves into analyzing a recently discovered wartime article that Ifa wrote in 1945, when he learned in Tokyo that the battle of Okinawa broke out between Japan and the U.S. Ifa’s controversial article shows how a strong sense of nationalistic identity was imposed upon Okinawans, on the one hand, while also revealing Ifa’s intention to fight prejudice toward Okinawans, on the other. This leads to the broader context of Japan’s emergence as a “nation state.” Problematizing the question of identity, the author argues that alternative histories of Japan should be taken into account for its proper understanding. Comparing Ifa’s view with historian Amino Yoshihiko’s thesis on Japan and modernization, the author envisions how identity can be seen as a growing network of plural identities rather than an abstractly imagined monolithic identity.
Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Using Tomographic Wet Refractivity Fields
Authors: Yu Wenkun , Chen Biyan , Dai Wujiao , Luo Xiaomin
Published: June 2018

The tropospheric wet delay induced by water vapor is a major error source in precise point positioning (PPP), significantly influencing the convergence time to obtain high-accuracy positioning. Thus, high-quality water vapor information is necessary to support PPP processing. This study presents the use of tomographic wet refractivity (WR) fields in PPP to examine their impacts on the positioning performance. Tests are carried out based on 1-year of 2013 global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations (30 s sampling rate) from three stations with different altitudes in the Hong Kong GNSS network. Coordinate errors with respect to reference values at a 0.1 m level of convergence is used for the north, east, and up components, whilst an error of 0.2 m is adopted for 3D position convergence. Experimental results demonstrate that, in both static and kinematic modes, the tomography-based PPP approach outperforms empirical tropospheric models in terms of positioning accuracy and convergence time. Compared with the results based on traditional, Saastamoinen, AN (Askne and Nordis), and VMF1 (Vienna Mapping Function 1) models, 23–48% improvements of positioning accuracy, and 5–30% reductions of convergence time are achieved with the application of tomographic WR fields. When using a tomography model, about 35% of the solutions converged within 20 min, whereas only 23%, 25%, 25%, and 30% solutions converged within 20 min for the traditional, Saastamoinen, AN, and VMF1 models, respectively. Our study demonstrates the benefit to real-time PPP processing brought by additional tomographic WR fields as they can significantly improve the PPP solution and reduce the convergence time for the up component.
Intercomparison and Validation of SAR-Based Ice Velocity Measurement Techniques within the Greenland Ice Sheet CCI Project
Authors: Merryman Boncori John Peter , Langer Andersen Morten , Dall Jørgen , Kusk Anders , Kamstra Martijn , Bech Andersen Signe , Bechor Noa , Bevan Suzanne , Bignami Christian , Gourmelen Noel , Joughin Ian , Jung Hyung-Sup , Luckman Adrian , Mouginot Jeremie , Neelmeijer Julia , Rignot Eric , Scharrer Kilian , Nagler Thomas , Scheuchl Bernd , Strozzi Tazio
Published: June 2018

Ice velocity is one of the products associated with the Ice Sheets Essential Climate Variable. This paper describes the intercomparison and validation of ice-velocity measurements carried out by several international research groups within the European Space Agency Greenland Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative project, based on space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The goal of this activity was to survey the best SAR-based measurement and error characterization approaches currently in practice. To this end, four experiments were carried out, related to different processing techniques and scenarios, namely differential SAR interferometry, multi aperture SAR interferometry and offset-tracking of incoherent as well as of partially-coherent data. For each task, participants were provided with common datasets covering areas located on the Greenland ice-sheet margin and asked to provide mean velocity maps, quality characterization and a description of processing algorithms and parameters. The results were then intercompared and validated against GPS data, revealing in several cases significant differences in terms of coverage and accuracy. The algorithmic steps and parameters influencing the coverage, accuracy and spatial resolution of the measurements are discussed in detail for each technique, as well as the consistency between quality parameters and validation results. This allows several recommendations to be formulated, in particular concerning procedures which can reduce the impact of analyst decisions, and which are often found to be the cause of sub-optimal algorithm performance.
Strain Transfer for Optimal Performance of Sensing Sheet
Authors: Gerber Matthew , Weaver Campbell , Aygun Levent E. , Verma Naveen , Sturm James C. , Glišić Branko
Published: June 2018

Sensing sheets based on Large Area Electronics (LAE) and Integrated Circuits (ICs) are novel sensors designed to enable reliable early-stage detection of local unusual structural behaviors. Such a device consists of a dense array of strain sensors, patterned onto a flexible polyimide substrate along with associated electronics. Previous tests performed on steel specimens equipped with sensing sheet prototypes and subjected to fatigue cracking pointed to a potential issue: individual sensors that were on or near a crack would immediately be damaged by the crack, thereby rendering them useless in assessing the size of the crack opening or to monitor future crack growth. In these tests, a stiff adhesive was used to bond the sensing sheet prototype to the steel specimen. Such an adhesive provided excellent strain transfer, but it also caused premature failure of individual sensors within the sheet. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify an alternative adhesive that survives minor damage, yet provides strain transfer that is sufficient for reliable early-stage crack detection. A sensor sheet prototype is then calibrated for use with the selected adhesive.
Sensitive and Selective Detection of Tartrazine Based on TiO2-Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite-Modified Electrodes
Authors: He Quanguo , Liu Jun , Liu Xiaopeng , Li Guangli , Deng Peihong , Liang Jing , Chen Dongchu
Published: June 2018

TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composite-modified glassy carbon electrodes (TiO2–ErGO–GCE) for the sensitive detection of tartrazine were prepared by drop casting followed by electrochemical reduction. The as-prepared material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cyclic voltammetry and second-order derivative linear scan voltammetry were performed to analyze the electrochemical sensing of tartrazine on different electrodes. The determination conditions (including pH, accumulation potential, and accumulation time) were optimized systematically. The results showed that the TiO2–ErGO composites increased the electrochemical active area of the electrode and enhanced the electrochemical responses to tartrazine significantly. Under the optimum detection conditions, the peak current was found to be linear for tartrazine concentrations in the range of 2.0 × 10−8–2.0 × 10−5 mol/L, with a lower detection limit of 8.0 × 10−9 mol/L (S/N = 3). Finally, the proposed TiO2–ErGO–GCEs were successfully applied for the detection of trace tartrazine in carbonated beverage samples.
Laboratory Experiments of Tradable Development Rights: A Synthesis of Different Treatments
Authors: Proeger Till , Meub Lukas , Bizer Kilian
Published: June 2018

Tradable development rights (TDR) are considered by scholars and regulators in various countries as a means of reducing land consumption efficiently. Similar to the development of CO2-certificate trading schemes, the methodology of experimental economics can be used to derive empirical evidence on the core parameters and problems of TDR schemes, thus extending theoretical modelling and evidence from case studies. Building on a common laboratory experimental framework, we discuss results from five distinct experiments that consider mechanisms of allocation, resilience against external shocks, political business cycles, communication and collusion, and risk. These results provide initial empirical directions for the further study and introduction of TDR schemes for managing and reducing environmental issues related to land consumption for building projects.
Tourism and Sustainability: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
Authors: Garrigos-Simon Fernando J. , Narangajavana-Kaosiri Yeamduan , Lengua-Lengua Ismael
Published: June 2018

Sustainability is a growing research topic in tourism due to the importance of environmental and social issues, and the maintenance of patrimony and other facilities to conserve the potential of tourism destinations. Specifically, sustainability in tourism is crucial in order to guarantee a consistent development of destinations, measured by growth in income and employment. This relevance has been translated into an explosive growth in the sustainability literature regarding tourism, income, and employment. However, there is a lack of bibliometric and visualization research on tourism sustainability (TS), and specifically on its relationship with income and employment. This paper aims to present a bibliometric overview of TS research, and specifically TS related to income and employment. The current work analyzed 2279 references collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database and used the visualization of similarities (VOS)viewer program to graphically map the material. The study used co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-authorship analyses. The results identify the development status and the leading trends in terms of impact, main journals, papers, topics, authors, institutions, and countries. The analysis and graphical presentations are relevant, as they can help researchers and practitioners better understand the state of the art of TS.
Selection Criteria and Assessment of the Impact of Traffic Accessibility on the Development of Suburbs
Authors: Stanković Milan , Gladović Pavle , Popović Vladimir , Lukovac Vesko
Published: June 2018

When defining criteria that have an influence on traffic accessibility in suburbs, it is necessary to take into account the specificity of a concrete urban unit. In existing scientific papers, the authors have dealt with the impact of the remoteness of settlements and their accessibility from the city center. The main aims of this paper are to define and quantify the criteria that have the greatest influence on traffic accessibility in suburban areas, that is, to develop a model of traffic accessibility. This model refers to traffic accessibility in suburban areas, where an urban public transport system is operational and represents a qualitative approach to research. Research has shown that factors such as a network of public transport (PT) lines, a network of accessible roads in a settlement, travel time, and timetables are of great importance in the description and generation of a new model. This model was tested in 23 suburban districts with regard to the needed walking time. The Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) method, one of the most popular methods for multi-criteria decision making, was used. Based on the results presented in this paper, it is expected that the application of this model will enable development and sustainability in suburban areas, as well as greater social equality and involvement of dwellers (especially the younger generation) in social activities, in view of achieving a better quality of life.
Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method Using Similarity Measures of Neutrosophic Cubic Sets
Authors: Tu Angyan , Ye Jun , Wang Bing
Published: June 2018

In inconsistent and indeterminate settings, as a usual tool, the neutrosophic cubic set (NCS) containing single-valued neutrosophic numbers and interval neutrosophic numbers can be applied in decision-making to present its partial indeterminate and partial determinate information. However, a few researchers have studied neutrosophic cubic decision-making problems, where the similarity measure of NCSs is one of the useful measure methods. For this work, we propose the Dice, cotangent, and Jaccard measures between NCSs, and indicate their properties. Then, under an NCS environment, the similarity measures-based decision-making method of multiple attributes is developed. In the decision-making process, all the alternatives are ranked by the similarity measure of each alternative and the ideal solution to obtain the best one. Finally, two practical examples are applied to indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed method.
Changes in the EV-A71 Genome through Recombination and Spontaneous Mutations: Impact on Virulence
Authors: Mandary Madiiha Bibi , Poh Chit Laa
Published: June 2018

Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) that mainly affects young children less than five years old. The onset of severe HFMD is due to neurological complications bringing about acute flaccid paralysis and pulmonary oedema. In this review, we address how genetic events such as recombination and spontaneous mutations could change the genomic organization of EV-A71, leading to an impact on viral virulence. An understanding of the recombination mechanism of the poliovirus and non-polio enteroviruses will provide further evidence of the emergence of novel strains responsible for fatal HFMD outbreaks. We aim to see if the virulence of EV-A71 is contributed solely by the presence of fatal strains or is due to the co-operation of quasispecies within a viral population. The phenomenon of quasispecies within the poliovirus is discussed to reflect viral fitness, virulence and its implications for EV-A71. Ultimately, this review gives an insight into the evolution patterns of EV-A71 by looking into its recombination history and how spontaneous mutations would affect its virulence.
Evaluation of Agricultural Water Pricing in an Irrigation District Based on a Bayesian Network
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Zhang Guangpeng , Yuan Kaiye , Ling Hongbo , Xu Hailiang
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the large-scale development of land and water resources has led to a conflict between water supply and demand. Especially in arid regions, fragile ecosystems and continuous farmland expansion have threatened the ecological and social security of river basins. Therefore, it is urgent to propose scientific and reasonable water resource management models to alleviate this conflict. Based on the principle of “the strictest water resource management measures” for river basin water resources, this study has taken Heshuo County, Xinjiang as the research object, using a full-cost method to determine agricultural water prices for the irrigation district at 0.35 RMB/m3 and 1.4 RMB/m3. With the participation of stakeholders and experts, current water rights trading and management systems were analyzed by a Bayesian network (BN) model. In addition, the impact of water-pricing policy on farmers’ planting behavior was also quantified. The results indicated that an increase in water prices can effectively reduce agricultural water consumption for irrigation, but it would also induce negative externalities involving groundwater (GW) preservation and farmers’ income. A water resource management model mainly directed by water-pricing policy, and supplemented by GW protection and agricultural subsidy policies, could effectively regulate farmers’ water-use behavior, guarantee farmers’ income, and protect GW. This study provides a successful management approach for coordinating the relationship between agricultural water resources and the ecological environment in an arid basin watershed and promoting the efficient use of agricultural water resources in irrigated areas.
Machine-learning based identification of undiagnosed dementia in primary care: a feasibility study
Authors: Jammeh Emmanuel A , Carroll Camille, B , Pearson Stephen, W , Escudero Javier , Anastasiou Athanasios , Zhao Peng , Chenore Todd , Zajicek John , Ifeachor Emmanuel
Published: June 2018

Background

Up to half of patients with dementia may not receive a formal diagnosis, limiting access to appropriate services. It is hypothesised that it may be possible to identify undiagnosed dementia from a profile of symptoms recorded in routine clinical practice.

Aim

The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning-based model that could be used in general practice to detect dementia from routinely collected NHS data. The model would be a useful tool for identifying people who may be living with dementia but have not been formally diagnosed.

Design & setting

The study involved a case-control design and analysis of primary care data routinely collected over a 2-year period. Dementia diagnosed during the study period was compared to no diagnosis of dementia during the same period using pseudonymised routinely collected primary care clinical data.

Method

Routinely collected Read-encoded data were obtained from 18 consenting GP surgeries across Devon, for 26 483 patients aged >65 years. The authors determined Read codes assigned to patients that may contribute to dementia risk. These codes were used as features to train a machine-learning classification model to identify patients that may have underlying dementia.

Results

The model obtained sensitivity and specificity values of 84.47% and 86.67%, respectively.

Conclusion

The results show that routinely collected primary care data may be used to identify undiagnosed dementia. The methodology is promising and, if successfully developed and deployed, may help to increase dementia diagnosis in primary care.
Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy
Authors: Kamashev Andrey A , Validov Aidar A , Schumann Joachim , Kataev Vladislav , Büchner Bernd , Fominov Yakov V , Garifullin Ilgiz A
Published: June 2018

We have studied superconducting properties of spin-valve thin-layer heterostructures CoOx/F1/Cu/F2/Cu/Pb in which the ferromagnetic F1 layer was made of Permalloy while for the F2 layer we have taken a specially prepared film of the Heusler alloy Co2Cr1−xFexAl with a small degree of spin polarization of the conduction band. The heterostructures demonstrate a significant superconducting spin-valve effect, i.e., a complete switching on and off of the superconducting current flowing through the system by manipulating the mutual orientations of the magnetization of the F1 and F2 layers. The magnitude of the effect is doubled in comparison with the previously studied analogous multilayers with the F2 layer made of the strong ferromagnet Fe. Theoretical analysis shows that a drastic enhancement of the switching effect is due to a smaller exchange field in the heterostructure coming from the Heusler film as compared to Fe. This enables to approach an almost ideal theoretical magnitude of the switching in the Heusler-based multilayer with a F2 layer thickness of ca. 1 nm.
From Skeptic to Vital Partner in Massage Therapy Research: an Interview with Mark Hyman Rapaport, MD
Authors: Kennedy, LMT, BCTMB, DrPH Ann Blair
Published: June 2018

Mark Hyman Rapaport, MD is a highly accomplished researcher, academician, and clinician. Dr. Rapaport has more than 180 publications, and his main research interests include biologic genesis of anxiety disorders, as well as immunity abnormalities and depression in mood disorders. His research investigating massage therapy has included study of inflammatory biomarkers, cancer related fatigue, and generalized anxiety disorder. He hascreated a successful partnership with the Atlanta School of Massage for the implementation of his research inquiry. Dr. Rapaport discusses with us a wide range of topics on massage therapy, including from where his inspiration for research comes.
Laboratory Rotational Spectra of Silyl Isocyanide
Authors: Lee K. L. K. , Gottlieb C. A. , McCarthy M. C.
Published: June 2018

The rotational spectrum of silyl isocyanide (SiH3NC), an isomer of the well-studied silyl cyanide (SiH3CN), has been detected in the laboratory in a supersonic molecular beam, and the identification was confirmed by observations of the corresponding rotational transitions in the rare isotopic species

and SiH3N13C. Spectroscopic constants derived from 19 transitions between 11 and 35 GHz in the three lowest harmonically related rotational transitions in the K = 0 and 1 ladders of the normal isotopic species including the nitrogen nuclear quadrupole hyperfine constant allow the principal astronomical transitions of SiH3NC to be calculated to an uncertainty of about 4 km s−1 in equivalent radial velocity, or within the FWHM of narrow spectral features in the inner region of IRC+10216 near 200 GHz. The concentration of SiH3NC in our molecular beam is three times less than SiH3CN, or about the same as the corresponding ratio of the isomeric pair SiNC and SiCN produced under similar conditions. Silyl isocyanide is an excellent candidate for astronomical detection, because the spectroscopic and chemical properties are very similar to SiH3CN, which was recently identified in the circumstellar envelope of IRC+10216 by Cernicharo et al. and of SiNC and SiCN in the same source.
A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters*

†
Authors: Muñoz Ricardo R. , Côté Patrick , Santana Felipe A. , Geha Marla , Simon Joshua D. , Oyarzún Grecco A. , Stetson Peter B. , Djorgovski S. G.
Published: June 2018

We present structural parameters from a wide-field homogeneous imaging survey of Milky Way satellites carried out with the MegaCam imagers on the 3.6 m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope and 6.5 m Magellan-Clay telescope. Our survey targets an unbiased sample of “outer halo” satellites (i.e., substructures having galactocentric distances greater than 25 kpc) and includes classical dSph galaxies, ultra-faint dwarfs, and remote globular clusters. We combine deep, panoramic gr imaging for 44 satellites and archival gr imaging for 14 additional objects (primarily obtained with the DECam instrument as part of the Dark Energy Survey) to measure photometric and structural parameters for 58 outer halo satellites. This is the largest and most uniform analysis of Milky Way satellites undertaken to date and represents roughly three-quarters (58/81 ≃ 72%) of all known outer halo satellites. We use a maximum-likelihood method to fit four density laws to each object in our survey: exponential, Plummer, King, and Sérsic models. We systematically examine the isodensity contour maps and color–magnitude diagrams for each of our program objects, present a comparison with previous results, and tabulate our best-fit photometric and structural parameters, including ellipticities, position angles, effective radii, Sérsic indices, absolute magnitudes, and surface brightness measurements. We investigate the distribution of outer halo satellites in the size–magnitude diagram and show that the current sample of outer halo substructures spans a wide range in effective radius, luminosity, and surface brightness, with little evidence for a clean separation into star cluster and galaxy populations at the faintest luminosities and surface brightnesses.
On the Anomalously Large Extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
Authors: Khangulyan Dmitry , Koldoba Alexander V. , Ustyugova Galina V. , Bogovalov Sergey V. , Aharonian Felix
Published: June 2018

The very high energy gamma-ray emission reported from a number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is naturally explained by the inverse Compton scattering of multi-TeV electrons. However, the physical dimensions of some gamma-ray-emitting PWNe significantly exceed the scales anticipated by the standard hydrodynamical paradigm of PWN formation. The most “disturbing” case in this regard is HESS J1825-137, which extends to distances of r ≈ 70 pc from the central pulsar PSR J1826−1334. If the gamma-ray emission is indeed produced inside the PWN, but not by electrons that escaped the nebula and diffuse in the interstellar medium (ISM), the formation of such an anomalously extended plerion could be realized, in a diluted environment with the hydrogen number density

. In this paper, we explore an alternative scenario assuming that the pulsar responsible for the formation of the nebula initially had a very short rotation period. In this case, the sizes of both the PWN and the surrounding supernova remnant depend on the initial pulsar period, the braking index, and the ISM density. To check the feasibility of this scenario, we study the parameter space that would reproduce the size of HESS J1825-137. We show that this demand can be achieved if the braking index is small,

, and the pulsar birth period is short,

. This scenario can reproduce the wind termination position, which is expected at

, only in a dense environment with

. The requirement of the dense surrounding gas is supported by the presence of molecular clouds found in the source vicinity.
An Analytic Formulation of the 21 cm Signal from the Early Phase of the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Raste Janakee , Sethi Shiv
Published: June 2018

We present an analytic formulation to model the fluctuating component of the H i signal from the epoch of reionization during the phase of partial heating. During this phase, we assume self-ionized regions, whose size distribution can be computed using excursion set formalism, to be surrounded by heated regions. We model the evolution of the heating profile around these regions (near zone) and their merger into the time-dependent background (far zone). We develop a formalism to compute the two-point correlation function for this topology, taking into account the heating autocorrelation and heating-ionization cross-correlation. We model the ionization and X-ray heating using four parameters: efficiency of ionization, ζ; number of X-ray photons per stellar baryon, N
heat; spectral index of X-ray photons, α; and minimum frequency of X-ray photons, ν
min. We compute the H i signal in the redshift range 10 < z < 20 for the ΛCDM model for a set of these parameters. We show that the H i signal for a range of scales 1–8 Mpc shows a peak strength of 100–1000 (mK)2 during the partially heated era. The redshift at which the signal makes a transition to a uniformly heated universe depends on the modeling parameters; e.g., if ν
min is changed from 100 eV to 1 keV, this transition moves from z ≃ 15 to z ≃ 12. This result, along with the dependence of the H i signal on the modeling parameters, is in reasonable agreement with existing results from N-body simulations.
Quasi-periodic Counter-propagating Fast Magnetosonic Wave Trains from Neighboring Flares: SDO/AIA Observations and 3D MHD Modeling
Authors: Ofman Leon , Liu Wei
Published: June 2018

Since their discovery by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in the extreme ultraviolet, rapid (phase speeds of ∼1000 km s−1), quasi-periodic, fast-mode propagating (QFP) wave trains have been observed accompanying many solar flares. They typically propagate in funnel-like structures associated with the expanding magnetic field topology of the active regions (ARs). The waves provide information on the associated flare pulsations and the magnetic structure through coronal seismology (CS). The reported waves usually originate from a single localized source associated with the flare. Here we report the first detection of counter-propagating QFPs associated with two neighboring flares on 2013 May 22, apparently connected by large-scale, trans-equatorial coronal loops. We present the first results of a 3D MHD model of counter-propagating QFPs in an idealized bipolar AR. We investigate the excitation, propagation, nonlinearity, and interaction of the counter-propagating waves for a range of key model parameters, such as the properties of the sources and the background magnetic structure. In addition to QFPs, we also find evidence of trapped fast- (kink) and slow-mode waves associated with the event. We apply CS to determine the magnetic field strength in an oscillating loop during the event. Our model results are in qualitative agreement with the AIA-observed counter-propagating waves and used to identify the various MHD wave modes associated with the observed event, providing insights into their linear and nonlinear interactions. Our observations provide the first direct evidence of counter-propagating fast magnetosonic waves that can potentially lead to turbulent cascade and carry significant energy flux for coronal heating in low-corona magnetic structures.
Stochastic Reconnection for Large Magnetic Prandtl Numbers
Authors: Jafari Amir , Vishniac Ethan T. , Kowal Grzegorz , Lazarian Alex
Published: June 2018

We consider stochastic magnetic reconnection in high-β plasmas with large magnetic Prandtl numbers, Pr
m
 > 1. For large Pr
m
, field line stochasticity is suppressed at very small scales, impeding diffusion. In addition, viscosity suppresses very small-scale differential motions and therefore also the local reconnection. Here we consider the effect of high magnetic Prandtl numbers on the global reconnection rate in a turbulent medium and provide a diffusion equation for the magnetic field lines considering both resistive and viscous dissipation. We find that the width of the outflow region is unaffected unless Pr
m
is exponentially larger than the Reynolds number Re. The ejection velocity of matter from the reconnection region is also unaffected by viscosity unless Re ∼ 1. By these criteria the reconnection rate in typical astrophysical systems is almost independent of viscosity. This remains true for reconnection in quiet environments where current sheet instabilities drive reconnection. However, if Pr
m
 > 1, viscosity can suppress small-scale reconnection events near and below the Kolmogorov or viscous damping scale. This will produce a threshold for the suppression of large-scale reconnection by viscosity when

. In any case, for Pr
m
 > 1 this leads to a flattening of the magnetic fluctuation power spectrum, so that its spectral index is ∼−4/3 for length scales between the viscous dissipation scale and eddies larger by roughly

. Current numerical simulations are insensitive to this effect. We suggest that the dependence of reconnection on viscosity in these simulations may be due to insufficient resolution for the turbulent inertial range rather than a guide to the large Re limit.
Tracking Filament Evolution in the Low Solar Corona Using Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations
Authors: Kocher Manan , Landi Enrico , Lepri Susan. T.
Published: June 2018

In the present work, we analyze a filament eruption associated with an interplanetary coronal mass ejection that arrived at L1 on 2011 August 5. In multiwavelength Solar Dynamic Observatory/Advanced Imaging Assembly (AIA) images, three plasma parcels within the filament were tracked at high cadence along the solar corona. A novel absorption diagnostic technique was applied to the filament material traveling along the three chosen trajectories to compute the column density and temperature evolution in time. Kinematics of the filamentary material were estimated using STEREO/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager and STEREO/COR1 observations. The Michigan Ionization Code used inputs of these density, temperature, and speed profiles for the computation of ionization profiles of the filament plasma. Based on these measurements, we conclude that the core plasma was in near ionization equilibrium, and the ionization states were still evolving at the altitudes where they were visible in absorption in AIA images. Additionally, we report that the filament plasma was heterogeneous, and the filamentary material was continuously heated as it expanded in the low solar corona.
One Large Blob and Many Streams Frosting the nearby Stellar Halo in Gaia DR2
Authors: Koppelman Helmer , Helmi Amina , Veljanoski Jovan
Published: June 2018

We explore the phase-space structure of nearby halo stars identified kinematically from the Gaia second data release (DR2). We focus on their distribution in velocity and in “integrals of motion” space, as well as on their photometric properties. Our sample of stars selected to be moving at a relative velocity of at least 210 km s−1, with respect to the Local Standard of Rest, contains an important contribution from the low rotational velocity tail of the disk(s). The V

R
-distribution of these stars depicts a small asymmetry similar to that seen for the faster rotating thin disk stars near the Sun. We also identify a prominent, slightly retrograde “blob” that traces the metal-poor halo main sequence reported by Gaia Collaboration et al. We also find many small clumps that are especially noticeable in the tails of the velocity distribution of the stars in our sample. Their Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagrams disclose narrow sequences characteristic of simple stellar populations. This stream-frosting confirms predictions from cosmological simulations, namely that substructure is most apparent among the fastest moving stars, typically reflecting more recent accretion events.
Effects of grazing on orthopteran assemblages of Central-European sand grasslands
Authors: Kenyeres Zoltan
Published: June 2018

The effect of grazing on Orthoptera assemblages has long been the focus of research worldwide due to the high sensitivity of orthopterans to changes in vegetation structure. According to previous studies, grazing has individual, spatially-different effects on orthopteran assemblages. The current case study was carried out between 2012 and 2016 in a subarea dominated by open sandy grasslands in the Carpathian Basin. The ~70 ha study area was grazed by 250–300 sheep in 2012. In the beginning of 2014, the overgrazing pressure was overall reduced, for the most part, in the examined grassland patches. The study aimed to answer how the complete abandonment of grazing and moderate grazing influences the species richness, diversity and density of the orthopteran assemblages. Investigations in Central European sand steppes confirmed that both intense grazing and the abandonment of grazing have a detrimental effect on the structure of orthopteran assemblages: (a) the Shannon diversity index was higher on moderately grazed sites than on grazed and ungrazed ones; (b) the number of habitat specialists of sandy grasslands was higher on moderately grazed patches than in grazed habitats; and (c) the frequency of geophilic species was higher on grazed patches than on moderately grazed and grazing-abandoned ones.
The effects of grazing and mowing on large marsh grasshopper, Stethophyma grossum (Orthoptera: Acrididae), populations in Western Europe: a review
Authors: Miller Jacqui , Gardiner Tim
Published: June 2018

The large marsh grasshopper,StethophymagrossumL. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), has undergone a significant range contraction in the UK and is now restricted to the bogs and mires of the New Forest and Dorset Heaths. In other parts of Western Europe, the species makes use of a wider range of wetland habitat types. Traditionally, many of these habitats would be managed through low intensity grazing, mowing, or both, and these measures are now often employed in the conservation management of wet grassland habitats. This paper reviews the effects of mowing and grazing onS.grossumpopulations, through looking at the potential impacts (both positive and negative) on different life stages of the grasshopper. Both techniques are valuable in the maintenance of an open and varied vegetation structure which is known to benefitS.grossumin all its life stages. However, grazing on very wet sites or at high intensity can result in trampling of vegetation andS.grossumeggs, and mowing which is too frequent may negatively affect populations through repeated losses of nymphs. Recommendations are given regarding the suitability of mowing and grazing for different habitats and intensity of management to generate the required vegetation structure. Measures are also outlined, such as the provision of unmown or ungrazed refuge areas, which can help reduce negative effects.
Clinique de la dynamique violente conjugale et de la répétition traumatique
Authors: Harrati Sonia , Coulanges Mathilde , Vavassori David
Published: June 2018

Les auteurs s’intéressent ici à la violence au sein du couple au regard des dimensions de dynamique et de crise conjugales. À l’appui de deux cas cliniques, ils montrent en quoi la violence conjugale doit être pensée dans une perspective dynamique articulant trajectoire de vie, modalités du fonctionnement psychique, construction, expérience et mouvement de la relation conjugale. Plus précisément, les auteurs discutent l’hypothèse de la répétition de la violence comme tentative d’élaborer le trauma et la mise en échec des fonctions contenante et de pare-excitation de l’enveloppe psychique du couple. Ils concluent sur les enjeux du travail clinique auprès du couple auteur/victime de violences conjugales.
Recevoir l’appel urgent à Paris, de 1920 à 1980 : la gestion des flux médicaux et secouristes
Authors: Wanecq Charles-Antoine
Published: June 2018

Cet article vise à analyser la concurrence entre institutions et acteurs chargés de la réception et du traitement des appels urgents à Paris, en particulier dans le domaine des urgences médicales, ainsi que les dispositifs techniques qui permettent ces communications dans l’espace urbain. D’abord liée à une conception policière de la gestion de l’ordre public dans l’entre-deux-guerres, l’alerte des services d’urgence fait l’objet d’un discours médical à partir des années 1950. La gestion médicalisée de l’alerte devient un argument en faveur de l’amélioration de l’efficacité des secours. Le développement de l’équipement téléphonique et de nouvelles pratiques de santé contribue enfin à la formulation d’une critique des usages sociaux de ces services en même temps qu’à un réajustement de leur fonction. Véritable expertise médicale, la pratique de la régulation est ainsi une réponse au besoin de rationaliser les flux dans l’espace urbain.
« Le 175 tombe sur la berge de la Seine – 3 morts » : circulation d’informations, gestion du risque et prévention sur le réseau d’autobus parisien (1920-1980)
Authors: Passalacqua Arnaud
Published: June 2018

En se fondant sur l’analyse microhistorique d’un accident grave survenu en 1947, cet article met en avant les enjeux de la gestion des accidents sur le réseau d’autobus à Paris, des années 1920 aux années 1980. Face à d’autres systèmes de transport, l’autobus présente la spécificité d’être à la fois un système lié à un exploitant marqué par des logiques industrielles et l’un des systèmes évoluant sur un espace public partagé avec bien d’autres. Cette configuration explique que le rôle de l’information dans ce secteur soit crucial, bien qu’elle soit difficile à élaborer. L’article suit ces enjeux d’information pour comprendre comment coexistent différentes façons de formuler, d’analyser et d’utiliser les données d’accidents. D’abord, elles visent l’établissement des responsabilités de l’accident et alimentent les éventuelles procédures qui s’ensuivent. Puis, une fois démultipliées par le nombre d’accidents survenant sur le réseau, elles permettent d’estimer l’ampleur et la nature de ces accidents. Enfin, elles sont à la base de la politique de prévention, qui peut y chercher les points d’amélioration et y lire les effets de ses interventions. Ces pluralités d’informations conduisent à une pluralité de leurs usages, qui viennent se superposer. Les outils disponibles ont joué un rôle-clé dans la constitution d’un appareil statistique efficace, à partir des années 1950, mais le contexte intellectuel ouvert par l’interaction entre collecte de données et mise en place de méthodes psychotechniques dès les années 1920 a favorisé la mise en œuvre de ces outils. Il y a eu un effet de renforcement entre les approches psychotechniques et les approches statistiques qui conduit à faire l’hypothèse que l’accident isolé est difficile à anticiper, prévoir, connaître et traiter, tandis que la masse d’accidents offre des terrains sur lesquels les méthodes quantitatives présentent une efficacité plus visible et contrôlable.
Les conséquences économiques de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: Galiana Lino
Published: June 2018

L’intelligence artificielle bénéficie d’une forte exposition médiatique et génère de nombreuses spéculations sur le futur de l’emploi. Quels effets attendre de la diffusion des données et algorithmes au-delà de leurs secteurs traditionnels ?
Les pratiques sociales de référence en questions. Le cas du football en éducation physique et sportive
Authors: Hebert Thibaut
Published: June 2018

Il s’agit d’analyser, à travers une enquête menée auprès d’enseignants d’EPS ( n = 86 ) et de collégiens ( n = 116 ), les représentations d’une des pratiques sociales les plus populaires, le football. Autrement dit, comment sont-elles connotées ? Influencent-elles les professeurs quant à leur manière d’aborder l’enseignement de cette activité ? Les résultats ont révélé globalement chez les enseignants moins d’affection à l’égard du football que chez les élèves. Dans un cadre scolaire, ils s’avèrent même peu enclins à son enseignement. Dans ce cas, le rapport à la règle et à l’autorité, la mixité lors d’une pratique masculine, ou encore la dichotomie entre la pratique des élèves en dehors de l’école (logique compétitive et individualiste) et celle attendue en EPS par les professeurs (logique de coopération) peuvent s’avérer autant de freins à sa mise en œuvre pédagogique.
Sur la logique des prépositions
Authors: Martin Robert
Published: June 2018

Dans le prolongement de l’ouvrage intitulé Linguistique de l’universel (Martin, 2016), la présente réflexion vise à cerner la catégorie prépositionnelle dans une grammaire à fondement logique : c’est la préposition en tant que catégorie qui retient l’attention (notamment par opposition à la catégorie du cas) et non les contenus sémantiques que les prépositions comportent. À l’intérieur d’une proposition, l’opérateur prépositionnel, qui a toujours pour effet d’accroître le nombre des arguments, ou bien étend la transitivité verbale au-delà de ses limites, ou bien instaure des ordres de prédication au-delà des ordres que produisent les parties du discours fondamentales (substantif, adjectif, verbe, adverbe), la préposition générant alors une relation d’ordination supérieure d’un degré entre l’élément de type nominal qu’elle gouverne (avec lequel elle forme un syntagme prépositionnel) et un élément quelconque de la proposition (l’élément sur lequel porte le syntagme prépositionnel).