bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPOSITIONS TO PROMOTE ASTRONOMY
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, Malchenko Svitlana , Slusarenko Mykola ,   Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2023

Astronomy is a natural-mathematical science that opens unknown pages of both our Solar system and Universe. However, most people have the impression that astronomy is only about the stars, romance and astrological. Popular scientific events can accelerate this opinion, namely: scientific exhibitions, locations, popular scientific magazines, films and video clips, excursions to observatories, scientific and educational institutions. The actual problem of natural and mathematical training of students contributed to the growing popularity of entertaining and popular science events. It able be organize interactive lectures, where a trained scientist will tell interesting information in a language accessible to the audience, and answer their questions. If you add demonstrations of objects of the universe to the performance, you can create the illusion of full involvement of the listeners in scientific discoveries and observations. Another way of actively perceiving information is the organization of interactive astronomical locations, such as quests, quizzes, mazes, intelligence tasks, rebuses. It will be appropriate to involve modern digital technologies. Astronomical models and instruments add more visuality to the locations. Students of higher education institutions take part in such events with great pleasure, prepare models, information brochures, draw posters, and create planetary systems. Posters or brochures can be made in the form of applications or developed own electronic makets. This scientific and educational material is used and demonstrated at various events and interests not only students but also their parents. In addition to communication and inspection of models at mass popular science events, visitors can be offered to independently make their own template (for example, a gnomon or a sundial), draw certain constellations, assemble models of the solar system or star constellations, adjust astronomical instrument (for example a telescope for observing distant terrestrial objects or the Sun), and learn to tell time using a self-made watch. Popularization of astronomy as a science is not only interesting, but also contributes to increasing education among the younger generation, students and adults. Properly selected equipment and good material will be able to interest the listener and increase interest in astronomy, as an important component of natural and mathematical science.
PRINCIPLES OF SOFT SKILLS FORMATION IN STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS The article describes theoretical and practical aspects of the basic principles of soft skills
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Mytsenko Valerii , Rusanovska Tetiana ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: May 2023

The article describes theoretical and practical aspects of the basic principles of soft skills formation among students of higher education institutions. Innovative processes are taking place today in almost all areas of human activity. In particular, this applies to education. Regarding professional education, higher education institutions should maintain interest in modern technologies, socio-economic changes in society, development of new trends and directions. Such processes include formation of extra-professional skills, i.e. soft skills. They are not related to a specific profession, but are important for a career and advancement in it. The process of forming such skills can be implemented at English classes. In this regard, in order to create conditions conducive to the formation of soft skills, as well as to make the learning process more cognitive, the authors of the article analyzed the process of the formation of soft skills competencies. The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation of the main principles of soft skills competence formation. The practical significance of the research is that the results can be used in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. Soft skills are social skills that a person uses to solve various problems: household, work, interpersonal. The basis of this group of skills, which contribute to future competitiveness on the labour market, should be formed at the stage of preparation for adulthood, that is in junior years of higher education. Despite different approaches to the classification of "soft" skills formulated by scientists, they are based on the following models: communication and interpersonal skills, planning and time management skills, leadership and teamwork, critical thinking and the ability to solve problems. The interactive method was determined to be optimal for the formation of soft skills, because it provides high motivation, development of creative abilities, an active life position, the value of individuality and personal qualities. We see the prospects for further research of the problem in overcoming difficulties in the process of education, as well as in the application of problem modelling technologies for the formation of soft skills in students’ training for direct professional activity.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LEARNING POLYGONAL 3D MODELING
Authors:   Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University, Mosiyuk Oleksandr
Published: May 2023

An article describes the practical aspects of studying polygonal modeling. To substantiate the topic's relevance, the author points out the importance of modernization in the education sphere. In particular, the using three-dimensional graphics and virtual and augmented reality technologies are one of the significant trends of today. That is why the studying of approaches to the creation and use of digital three-dimensional educational content is necessary for the training of future teachers and lecturers. The author considers the works of both Ukrainian and English-speaking researchers. His analysis of scientific research shows that scientists mainly describe the general issues of implementing 3D graphics, as well as VR and AR, in the educational process. However, they don't sufficiently reveal the topics that are related to the vital problematic moments of studying the process of creating 3D content. Usually, students master them very hard. These include polygonal three-dimensional modeling, animation, and rendering. That is why the author focuses his attention on one of such problematic points - the studying of polygonal modeling. In particular, he aimed to reveal practical aspects of learning based on the analysis of polygon modeling rules, which are directed at helping students to improve their skills in creating surfaces of virtual digital objects. In the main part of the article, the author notes the importance of observing the rules of high-quality construction of the polygon mesh on the object, which is modeled in the three-dimensional editor. Based on the analysis of the presented rules, he gives examples of educational tasks. They allow students to improve their skills in polygonal 3D modeling. The presented tasks can also be used by other teachers to create their system of practical tasks for studying 3D modeling. The article contains the necessary images of three-dimensional models that complement the text material. The models presented in the images are made in the freely distributed 3D graphics editor Blender. This choice is due to the fact that this program is used for teaching three-dimensional graphics both in the study of informatics in schools and institutions of higher and professional education. The conclusions summarize the presented material and point to further prospects for scientific research.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TRAINING SPECIALISTS FOR FUTURE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN THE SPHERE OF FASHION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy, Nechipor Svitlana , Popova Tetyana ,   Ukrainian Engineering and Pedagogical Academy
Published: May 2023

The goal of the modern modernization policy in education is to ensure the competitiveness of specialists at the global level in future. This goal can be achieved if new organizational and economic mechanisms are introduced into the education system that ensure the effective use of available resources and contribute to attracting additional funds, improve the quality of education based on updating its structure, content and learning technologies, attract qualified specialists to the field of education, increase its innovative potential and investment attractiveness. The peculiarities of the educational training of engineering and technical workers for professional activities in the field of the fashion industry are presented in the work. The need of the modern labor market for specialists has been determined. The main tasks of modern sewing specialists in clothing design are outlined. Block diagrams of various stages of sewing products design at the clothing enterprises of individual and mass production type have been developed. The priority tasks of professional education regarding the training of engineering and technical workers for various areas of the fashion industry, whose role is the development of clothing collections, have been determined. The practical classes in training of future masters in disciplines of the professional direction within the educational program ”Professional Education (Technology of Light Industry Products)” have been designed. They will help to develop the professional competence of the profession engineering component to the level of experience in the development of collections of sewing products, taking into account all stages of design. These are the disciplines: “Complex clothing design” and “Marketing and merchandising in the industry”. It was determined that to increase the innovative activity of modern graduates of educational institutions, future design engineers, technological engineers for the field of the fashion industry means not only to increase the quality and efficiency of their design and creative activities in the process of professional training, but also to reorient this activity to continuous development and self-development.
PROSPECTS OF USING MODERN TASK MANAGERS FOR IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Puliak Olha , Myronenko Natalya ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern digital tools - task managers, which are currently actively used by Ukrainian IT companies for project management. The theoretical basis of the research was: the analytical reports of the Coursera platform Coursera Global Skill Report 2022, the Laba business school, the international non-governmental organization World Economic Forum, the services of Deloitte, LinkedIn, McKinsey and IBM Global; official sites of cloud services Worksection, Jira, Asana, Trello, Monday.com. The task manager is a service that makes it possible to collect all work tasks of the IT team in a single space: structure the company's work, plan work, organize communication between team members, optimize work with documents. The most popular cloud services have been analyzed and compared, which make it possible to collect all work tasks of the IT team in a single space: to structure the company's work, plan work, organize communication between team members, optimize work with documents. Given the fact that employers emphasize the importance of the ability to use digital tools, in particular task managers, the authors considered those that are currently the most popular among Ukrainian IT companies. Five cloud services were chosen for analysis: Worksection (an online service created by Ukrainian programmers for project management), Jira (an Australian cloud service that currently has offices in Europe, Japan, and the Philippines), Asana (a cloud instructor created by Facebook engineers), Trello (American multi-platform project management system), Monday.com (Israeli cloud project management service). The main characteristics of task managers - a functional toolkit that is necessary for project management - have been studied. A comparison of cloud services was made according to the main characteristics: display of tasks, mobile application, integration with other resources, free tariff plan. The authors concluded that the task manager is a modern and promising digital tool, the skills of using which are encouraged by employers all over the world. Each cloud service has unique resources that take into account project management methodology and other needs and requests. According to the authors, higher education institutions should introduce students to modern digital project management tools, which will significantly increase their competitiveness in the labor market.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF MATERIALS PROCESSING AS A COMPONENT OF STEM-EDUCATION IN THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Ryabets Serhiy , Shchyrbul Oleksandr ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of developing students' creative abilities when using elements of STEM education. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodical sources, it was established that, in view of the global processes of informatization and automation of production, the modern training of specialists requires the integration of new knowledge, the formation of creative skills, the development of critical and innovative thinking. Therefore, today, one of the key tasks of implementing the educational process is the formation of a modern, highly educated, highly cultured, creative personality. The task of forming the creative personality of the future specialist is solved by introducing new methods and learning technologies into the educational process, among which STEM education occupies a prominent place, which is a promising direction in the organization of the educational process aimed at the formation of integrated knowledge of students and the development of their creative potential. The article provides an example that shows which elements of STEM education are used in the technological training of future teachers of labor education and technology. In particular, when designing and manufacturing wood products, students need knowledge of natural sciences (properties of different types of wood), technology (wood processing using sawing, drilling, turning), engineering, design (ability to work with modern search engines, ability to perform sketches, develop drawings, use drawing tools, knowledge of the basics of artistic design, decoration of products), mathematics (ability to calculate the consumption of necessary materials). Therefore, when developing and manufacturing a future product, students have the opportunity to use the knowledge they know from various fields in new conditions and acquire new integrated knowledge. Such activities also contribute to the formation of a number of important personal abilities in students: the ability to see a problem, the ability to analyze, critically evaluate, develop the ability to evaluate, the ability to refine, the ability to painstakingly work hard to realize one's own idea, the development of strong-willed qualities, composure, perseverance. It is the use of elements of STEM education in the technological training of students that creates the conditions for using important interdisciplinary connections to achieve a positive result, and certainly contributes to the formation of the creative potential of future teachers.
SYSTEMS OF BASIC EQUIVALENT EXAMPLES FOR STUDYING TOPICS OF THEORETICAL AND TECHNICAL MECHANICS
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Tkachuk Andrij
Published: May 2023

TECHNICAL MECHANICS The article examines the use of systems of basic equivalent examples of problem solving for the study of topics of theoretical and technical mechanics during extreme distance learning in war conditions. It is shown that solving sets of problems on relevant topics to consolidate theoretical material and form relevant practical knowledge, abilities and skills necessary in the future conducting more complex applied calculations of systems and structures. At the same time, in the modern realities of war in the conditions of a long-term and extremely complex educational process, both in a mixed and completely remote format, when the enemy inflicts insidious terrorist attacks on civilian infrastructure, and primarily energy life support, circumstances arise when quite complex material on the relevant topic, part of the students, due to the impossibility of connecting to the video conference of the couple according to the schedule, have to actually work in full on their own, even with intermittent access to electronic media due to scheduled and unscheduled power outages. This creates additional new requirements for the content of the lecture material with the maximum step-by-step explanation of all components of each topic in the complex of educational and methodological support of the discipline, primarily for files with lecture texts, which are displayed for students on the appropriate educational platform (messenger) for each classes in theoretical and technical mechanics. It has been determined that an important component of the distance educational process in the study of theoretical and technical mechanics is a system of examples equivalent to problems for relevant practical classes with a detailed "talking" of all the steps of solving typical problems that are submitted for processing on this topic for current control. This becomes even more relevant in the conditions of war, when the lecture material on each topic presented in Google Classroom (or MOODLE, WIKI) is supported by a system of detailed problem-solving examples (completely similar to those presented in practical classes) from the minimum basic level to of increased complexity, which enables the student, even with completely independent processing, to form relevant multi-level practical skills on this topic. The elements of the proposed systems of basic equivalent examples of solving problems on the topics "Basic concepts and axioms of the statics of an absolutely rigid body" and "System of convergent forces" are given.
DIGITAL MEANS OF VISIBILITY IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors:   Makarenko Sumy State Pedagogical University, Shyshenko Inna
Published: May 2023

Over the past decade, the digitalization of the educational process has shaped the general structure of education around the world. The educational process should be loaded with digital technologies. Among such technologies, we single out virtual visualization tools, which are multimedia and interactive visualization tools that are implemented by ICT and help subjects of learning to acquire new knowledge and skills, support the process of active learning, model the behavior of real-world objects in the computer ( virtual) educational environment, contribute to the formation of cognitive abilities and an independent and creatively developed personality. Virtual images from simple sketches to complex 3D animation of mathematical systems play a crucial role in the teaching of informatics and mathematical disciplines, because in addition to providing illustrative visual-spatial information, visual representations can have a significant impact on the conceptual understanding of a concept or process. Lessons with the use of virtual visualization tools require significant preparatory work by the teacher. When using virtual visibility tools, you should distinguish between useful visual effects and unnecessary visual distractions, take into account the principles of creating multimedia. Relatively small changes in the design of visual representations can actually have a significant impact on the understanding of abstract mathematical or computer science material, leading to a noticeable difference in the performance of its application to problem solving. Lessons with the use of virtual visualization tools require significant preparatory activities of the teacher, the teacher must be able to use digital technologies, Internet resources, use various programs, in particular graphic editors, flesh-animations, web-editors, programs for creating presentations, programs for working with sound and video etc. Therefore, there is a need to prepare future teachers for the use of virtual visualization tools in their professional activities. Trends in the further development of the professionalism of future teachers of mathematics and informatics should be connected with the transition to a model of training specialists that would take into account the current trends in the development of information and digital technologies in education, among which the leading place is also occupied by means of virtual visibility.
EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF EMBROIDERY AND CARPET ART AS SPECIES OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS
Authors:   Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Kis Alla
Published: May 2023

The article emphasizes the relevance of national-patriotic education of schoolchildren. The importance of the educational potential of Ukrainian folk embroidery and carpet weaving in the process of teaching decorative and applied art to pupils is noted. An analysis of literary sources was carried out, which covered the issue of the culture of the Ukrainian people. It was concluded that Ukrainian culture integrates the history of generations, religion, folk creativity, art, in particular decorative and applied arts, cultural achievements, acceptable norms of behavior, etc. It is determined that folk decorative and applied art has unique opportunities to influence the personality, the formation of the national outlook, character, and spirituality. Attention is focused on the fact that decorative and applied art is one of the effective means of involving pupils in the spiritual and material heritage of Ukrainian culture. The article notes that it is possible for pupils to master carpet weaving and Ukrainian folk embroidery in technology lessons. It is also possible to teach pupils embroidery and carpet weaving in the process of extracurricular and extracurricular work. It is noted that an important task of technological education is the involvement of pupils in the heritage of Ukrainian culture through the practical study of traditional crafts and various types of decorative and applied arts, the realization by pupils of their own self-expression through the values ​​and traditions of Ukrainian culture. The content of classes in the process of pupils mastering various techniques and technologies for the manufacture of carpet and embroidered products was considered, and the possibilities of involving schoolchildren in the cultural heritage of Ukrainians of the past were analyzed.Getting to know embroidery is aimed at pupils studying the following issues: the history of Ukrainian folk embroidery, folk traditions in embroidery, an assortment of embroidered products. The study of artistic forms of Ukrainian carpets involves familiarizing pupils with the types and purpose of Ukrainian carpets, the characteristics of carpet ornament and coloring of carpets of different regions of Ukraine, features of carpet ornament, composition of carpets, range of carpet products. It is noted that further scientific investigations will be related to the issues of educational and methodological support of the process of teaching pupils embroidery and carpet making, and the development of their decorative and applied creativity.
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF DOCTOR OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF PROFESSOR VICTOR DUSHCHENKO
Authors:   National Dragomanov Pedagogigal University, Pudchenko Sergiy , Horbachuk Ivan ,   National Dragomanov Pedagogigal University
Published: May 2023

The article examines and analyzes the significance of the scientific and pedagogical school of V.P. Duschenko for the modern stage of development of technical thermal physics, education and science in general. The scientific school of Professor V. P. Dushchenko is worth studying, both from the point of view of learning about the acquired experience of a scientist-professional in the field of the theory of thermophysics and the practice of conducting experimental studies of heat, mass, and electrical transfer phenomena in various dispersed media, in particular in polymer systems, and from the point of view of mastering the experience of a wise educator, teacher and innovator in the field of psychology and pedagogy. Professor V. P. Dushchenko is the author of more than four hundred scientific works, including textbooks and teaching aids for pedagogical institutes and secondary schools. All his life V.P. Dushchenko was engaged in scientific and pedagogical activities, he paid a lot of attention to pedagogy and solving organizational and practical tasks of educational activities. V. P. Dushchenko created his own scientific school in the field of heat and mass transfer. The research he started was continued by his students in Ukraine and abroad.
STUDYING THE LAW OF MALUS WITH THE HELP OF THE NEWEST EQUIPMENT "PHYWE"
Authors:   Lyceum ", Slyusarenko Viktor ,   Harmoniya",   Znamyanka City Council, Kirovohrad Region
Published: May 2023

This article examines the experimental study of Malus's law using the latest equipment of the German company "PHYWE", which ensures the formation of educational and research skills in students and reveals their creative abilities. The use of modern new equipment in education is one of the most important and sustainable trends in the development of the educational process. The use of the considered studies is quite effective in the direction of the formation of experimental competence. The system of demonstration, frontal and home experiments, experimental tasks, frontal laboratory work and physical practice contributes to a deeper and comprehensive assimilation of the program material, helps students to familiarize themselves with the principles of measuring physical quantities, to master the methods and techniques of measurements, as well as methods of error analysis.
DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN PHYSICS LESSONS AS A WAY OF IMPLEMENTING STEM EDUCATION
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Martyniuk Oleksandr , Myronchuk Halyna ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Stetsiuk Oksana ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: May 2023

Formulation of the problem. The article analyzes the problem of developing the theoretical and methodological foundations of the formation of research skills in students as a way of implementing STEM education. An analysis of the latest research and publications in the scientific and pedagogical literature on the methodology of formation of research skills based on the principles of STEM education was made. It was determined that in the scientific and pedagogical literature there is no unambiguously defined approach to the issue of the formation of scientific and research competence when teaching physics on the basis of STEM education. The purpose of the study. Elucidation of the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of STEM education through the organization of research and experimental activities of students in physics. Theoretical materials and methods. Аnalysis of regulatory documents, psychological-pedagogical and methodical literature, programs in physics and other natural sciences; development of theoretical and practical ideas about the studied phenomenon; empirical – analysis of real school practice; diagnostic methods (conversation, pedagogical observation, comparison, description). Scientific novelty. The role of the STEM approach in teaching physics as an effective method that contributes to the integration of knowledge and a deep conceptual understanding of physics, the formation of research and experimental skills is revealed. It was determined that the content, methodology, and conduct of problem-oriented education based on the STEM approach allow students to form a sustainable interest in studying physics, activate students' activities, and make perception more active, emotional, and creative. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The introduction of problem-oriented educational activities into the educational activity in physics contributes to the acquisition of experience in practical and experimental activities in the study of physics through the STEM-enhanced educational environment. The prospects for further research are linked to the development of methodological support for each of the specified areas of teacher activity and the design of a system of activities for training and improving the qualifications of teachers of natural sciences for the implementation of STEM education.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DO USO DOS MÉTODOS CONTRACEPTIVOS EM MULHERES NA IDADE FÉRTIL
Authors: Fernandes Santos Isabella Stehling , Aparecido de Carvalho Gabriel , Cristine Marini Danyelle
Published: May 2023

Um número considerável de mulheres engravidam por acidente ou pelo uso incorreto do contraceptivo, que pode ocorrer por falta de uma orientação adequada, o que acaba sendo uma gravidez não planejada e indesejável. Hoje mais de 80 milhões de mulheres passam por essa situação, e esse número só tem aumentado. Um método seguro para evitar a gravidez é a pílula oral, que possui de 0,1 a 3% de chance de falha apenas, e a camisinha que além de prevenir contra uma gravidez indesejada previne também contra doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o método contraceptivo utilizado em mulheres com idade fértil, bem foi verificar o conhecimento sobre eles e o motivo que a fez escolher por este método. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo transversal que utilizou como instrumento um questionário on-line com 34 perguntas tendo questões abertas e fechadas, em mulheres acima de 18 anos e que estão no período fértil. Observou-se que a idade da primeira relação sexual foi de maioria com 17 anos e o contraceptivo usado por elas na primeira relação foi à camisinha, seguido de camisinha mais pílula oral. Quando se associa o contraceptivo com o cigarro ocorre um aumento do risco de ter um AVC. Mesmo estando em idade fértil 29 das entrevistadas não faz uso de nenhum método contraceptivo. E neste estudo o contraceptivo de primeira escolha das entrevistadas é a camisinha associada com a pílula oral. Quando se associa o contraceptivo com o cigarro ocorre um aumento do risco de ter  AVC.
THE DIETARY HABITS AND NUTRITION BELIEFS OF PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Pińska Małgorzata , Frączek-Jucha Magdalena , Gackowski Andrzej , Nessler Jadwiga
Published: May 2023

Aim: The analysis of dietary knowledge and habits of patients with aortic stenosis, both prior to and post valve implantation.
Materials and methods: Patient with diagnosed moderate or severe aortic stenosis were included into the study. Telephonic dietary interview was performed. It was based on the standard KomPAN questionnaire developed and validated by the Behavioural Nutrition Team, Committee of Human Nutrition of Polish Academy of Sciences.
Results: The analysis was conducted in 94 consecutive patients. The pro-health diet index was 4.87 points (3.7; 5.96), while the optimal level was defined as 20 points. The 12.8% of the respondents had low knowledge about nutrition, 79.8% - moderate and 7.4% - good. From 94 patients, 37 had the patientprosthesis mismatch and overweight. The 35.1% of patients with the patient-prosthesis mismatch and overweight considered their nutritional habits as bad, 62.2% as moderate and 2.7% as good. In a group of patients without the patient-prosthesis mismatch the self-opinion about diet was bad in 20.8%, moderate in 72.9% and good in 6.3%.
Conclusions: Dietary habits and nutritional knowledge in patients with aortic stenosis are inadequate. However, awareness of bad dietary habits in patients who are overweight and have patient-prosthesis mismatch is better compared to the remaining group of patients. The proper dietary education is needed in all patients with aortic stenosis.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
Authors: Lazar Monika , Olma Anna , Streb Witold
Published: May 2023

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the recommended primary method of assessing cardiac function. The measurement of LVEF determines the strategy for treatment of patients, as well as influences their prognosis. 3D echocardiography has higher accuracy and reproducibility than 2D echocardiography; hence it is currently recommended for volume and LVEF measurements. New echocardiographic techniques: global longitudinal strain measured by speckle tracking and myocardial work allow earlier detection of myocardial abnormalities. In addition, they have greater sensitivity in detecting ischemia, fibrosis and left ven¬tricular systolic dyssynchrony. In some myocardial pathologies, such as amyloidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or Chagas disease, we observe characteristic patterns of myocardial deformation (strain), which are their hallmarks. Myocardial work, on the other hand, allows assessment of contractility independent of the effect of afterload. The new echocardiographic techniques provide additional diagnostic tools for assessing left ventricular systolic function and informa¬tion on prognosis, and hence their use can be expected to become more widespread in daily clinical practice.
VARIACIÓN DE LOS PARÁMETROS FISICOQUÍMICOS DE LA LAGUNA EL PINO QUE DEGRADAN EL AGUA A TRAVÉS DEL TIEMPO
Authors: Duarte Díaz José Miguel
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo pretende mostrar la calidad del agua de la laguna El Pino en función al comportamiento de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de muestreos superficiales (0 metros) a través del tiempo. Según se describen los resultados in situ y en laboratorio respectivamente, en base a los datos históricos de los años 2003, 2010 y el 2014, en puntos establecidos. Se concluye que en los resultados obtenidos la Laguna El Pino ha aumentado sus niveles máximos en los parámetros fisicoquímicos, como: oxígeno disuelto (6.5 mg/L), temperatura (29°C), nitritos (0.14mg/L), nitratos (40.0 mg/L) y amoníaco (0.23 mg/L); su daño se ha incrementado y acelerado a lo largo del tiempo. Se recomienda realizar un control en diferentes épocas del año para tener datos que contribuyan a prevenir consecuencias graves que contaminen la calidad del agua.
GENERACIÓN DE CRECIDAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA URBANIZACIÓN EN LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO VILLALLOBOS
Authors: Juan Carlos Juan Carlos
Published: May 2023

La subcuenca del río Villalobos constituye la parte alta de la cuenca del río María Linda, se encuentra asentada parte de la ciudad capital de la república de Guatemala, así como municipios periféricos, región que ha experimentado un aumento constante de la población y consecuentemente de sus áreas urbanas. El cauce principal de la subcuenca es el río Villalobos, afluente principal al lago de Amatitlán. La investigación consistió en cuantificar el efecto asociado a la urbanización, sobre el ciclo del agua, principalmente sobre los componentes de escurrimiento superficial. Para estimar el impacto en el escurrimiento superficial, se modeló el hidrograma para el evento más extremo suscitado, siendo la tormenta tropical Agatha, para las condiciones de urbanización de los años 1972 y 2012. Los efectos sobre el hidrograma se estimaron en el caudal máximo, escurrimiento superficial (total y medio), tiempo de concentración, coeficiente de escorrentía así como los niveles de flujo alcanzados y ascensos estimados en el lago de Amatitlán. El aumento en las áreas urbanas en los últimos 40 años (aproximadamente 22%), ha ocasionado incrementos significativos en los componentes del hidrograma, caudal pico y escurrimiento superficial principalmente, disminuyendo únicamente en el tiempo de concentración.
Estimación de curvas de caudal para el diseño de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales
Authors: Recinos Arenas Clara María
Published: May 2023

Este artículo presenta 8 curvas de generación de caudal de aguas residuales, dos de establecimientos comerciales, dos de oficinas, dos de condominios residenciales, una de industria alimenticia y una de universidad. Las curvas son presentadas en porcentajes del caudal total generado en un día. Fueron estimadas en base a mediciones de caudal instantáneo cada 5 minutos, durante 24 horas, con la finalidad de establecer las diferencias en el comportamiento del caudal que ingresa a los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales de cada tipo de ente generador. Los valores obtenidos de las mediciones se procesaron para producir gráficas en rangos de tiempo de 30 minutos. En todos los casos, el caudal medio es equivalente al 2.1% del total del caudal descargado en un día. Las descargas comerciales tienen picos de caudal máximo entre 2.4 y 3.6 veces el caudal medio, mientras que la descarga de edificios de oficinas tienen picos de 2 y 2.1 veces el caudal medio, y para las descargas domésticas se encontraron picos de 1.9 a 2.2 veces el caudal medio.
DETERMINACIÓN DE LOS ÍNDICES DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA ICA-NSF PARA CONSUMO HUMANO DE LOS RÍOS TEOCINTE Y ACATÁN, QUE ABASTECEN LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA SANTA LUISA ZONA 16, GUATEMALA
Authors: Saravia Solares Pablo Cesar Aníbal
Published: May 2023

Los índices de calidad del agua ICA son expresiones simplificadas de un conjunto de variables y han resultado ser eficaces para transmitir información sobre calidad del agua, el resultado de su aplicación debe ser un número entre 0 y 100. Para este artículo se analizó el Índice de Calidad del Agua ICA-NSF para consumo humano de los ríos Teocinte y Acatán que abastecen la planta de tratamiento de agua Santa Luisa zona 16, siendo los puntos de muestreo los vertederos Teocinte 18”, Teocinte 20” y Acatan. Los valores de cada parámetro, ICA-NSF, son: Oxígeno disuelto: 0.17; coliformes fecales: 0.15; pH: 0.12; DBO5: 0.10; nitratos: 0.10; fosfatos: 0.10; temperatura: 0.10; turbiedad: 0.08 y solidos totales: 0.08. Se concluye que el valor del ICA para el río teocinte es de: 45.26; esto indica que los valores del agua se encuentran en el límite del rango de mala calidad, Ya que las aguas pueden solamente apoyar una diversidad baja de la vida acuática y están experimentando, problemas de contaminación, sin embargo el rango indica que aún es apta para realizar tratamiento para consumo humano. Para el río Acatán el valor del ICA es de: 55.35; este dato nos indica que el agua se encuentra en el rango de mediana calidad, ya que las aguas tienen generalmente, menos diversidad de organismos acuáticos y han aumentado con frecuencia el crecimiento de algas, siendo aptas para tratamiento y su consumo humano. Se recomienda realizar monitoreo mensuales, esto para contar con una base de datos que puedan generar información de la calidad del agua de cada río.
USO DE SUELO Y PET PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMÉSTICAS
Authors: Alonzo Vásquez Andy Williams
Published: May 2023

Se analizaron los porcentajes de remoción entre un prototipo de grava y suelo y otro con pet y suelo, donde se demuestra que la diferencia no supera el 5%, por lo que sustituir el material de grava por pet puede convertirse en una opción más para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas sin afectar el rendimiento que permita la reducción de contaminantes. El sistema consta de un tratamiento primario y 2 prototipos como tratamiento secundario, en una profundidad de 1,5 metros la eficiencia de remoción fue de 95 % en los parámetros de: solidos suspendidos totales, color, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno a cinco días y demanda química de oxígeno. La reducción de dichos contaminantes llegó a una concentración menor a la establecida en el Acuerdo Gubernativo 236-2006 “Reglamento de las descargas y reuso de aguas residuales y de la disposición de lodos”. Sin embargo, parámetros como el nitrógeno, fósforo total y coliformes fecales reducidas en 4 ciclos logaritmos no superan el 85 % de remoción en ambos prototipos, y por lo tanto, no cumplen con la legislación guatemalteca mencionada.
Caracterización del agua subterránea de la cuenca del río Suquiapa, Santa Ana, El Salvador
Authors: Alvarado Batres César Armando
Published: May 2023

El acuífero principal de la cuenca del río Suquiapa investigado, está constituido principalmente por las lavas fracturadas de la formación San Salvador del Pleistoceno superior o reciente. Los 28 pozos profundos dispersos en el área de estudio indican la existencia de capas permeables, que consisten de alternancia de capas de material clástico de origen sedimentario y de lavas fracturadas ubicadas a profundidades mayores a los 100 m. La principal área (45 Km2) de recarga la constituyen las lavas recientes del complejo volcánico de Santa Ana. Otro dato muy importante que se ha podido confirmar es la existencia de dos acuíferos, el acuífero somero se encuentra entre 25 y 40 metros de profundidad y el acuífero inferior se localiza aproximadamente entre 80 y 120 metros de profundidad. El gradiente hidráulico varía entre 0,01 hasta 0,026; el coeficiente de almacenamiento desde 0,001 hasta 0,1; la transmisividad varía mucho, encontrándose valores muy altos, mayores a 25000 m2/ d y otros muy bajos, menores de 100 m2/d. La tasa de infiltración muestra una marcada diferencia entre las zona sur (cerca del volcán) con valores promedio a 1,42 m/d; correspondiente a suelos franco-arenosos y la parte norte (cercano al río Suquiapa) con valores promedio de 0,10 m/d, asociados a suelos franco-arcillosos. Se reconocen tres unidades hidrogeológicas: Acuífero fisurado, Acuífero poroso y rocas de baja importancia acuífera; además de un acuífero superficial con una profundidad entre 20 y 50 metros y un acuífero más profundo alrededor de 100 metros de profundidad. Aplicando la metodología de Schosinsky, se determina una recarga de agua potencial de 71,8x106 m3/año en un área de 140 km2.
Evaluación del riesgo de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas del municipio de San Pedro La Laguna, Sololá
Authors: Escobar López Homero Aparicio
Published: May 2023

Este artículo presenta una evaluación de vulnerabilidad y riesgo del acuífero subyacente en el municipio de San Pedro La Laguna, Sololá. La evaluación se realizó aplicando el método GOD (Groundwater occurrence-overall aquifer class-Depth) (Foster, 1987) para determinar la vulnerabilidad, y para determinar el riesgo y prioridad de protección, se combinaron los resultados de vulnerabilidad con el método de evaluación de carga contaminante POSH (Pollutant Origin Surcharge Hydraulically) (Foster e Hirata, 1988). Con la aplicación de la metodología en una pequeña región, se establecieron zonas de riesgo que fueron cotejadas con las concentraciones de nitratos detectados en las campañas analíticas que registraron concentraciones de nitratos en un rango de 7.92 a 118.80 mg/L en época lluviosa y 13.00 a 506.00 mg/L en época seca. Para una simple utilidad también se desarrollaron mapas de vulnerabilidad, riesgo y protección que pueden ser herramientas útiles para la planificación del ordenamiento territorial de la zona, el manejo y el control de los recursos hídricos.
Dinámica del oxígeno disuelto en una laguna facultativa
Authors: Huinil Mejía Roberto
Published: May 2023

La dinámica y distribución del oxígeno disuelto a lo largo de la longitud y profundidad de una laguna de estabilización facultativa se presentan en este artículo. Se realizaron mediciones de oxígeno disuelto en campo con frecuencia de dos horas en la entrada, centro y salida de la laguna en tres profundidades (superficie, centro y fondo), además se realizaron mediciones en el centro de la laguna a intervalos de 0.10 m para obtener perfiles de oxígeno disuelto en distintos horarios del día. Los resultados obtenidos en las correlaciones de Pearson de datos de entrada-centro, salida-centro y entrada-salida, son representativos para datos de superficie con coeficientes de correlación mayores a 0.90, mas no para profundidades a 0.75 y 1.50m en los cuales se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación máximo de 0.30. La concentración de oxígeno disuelto en la superficie a lo largo del día tiene a un comportamiento senoidal, donde a las 6:00 horas la concentración de oxígeno disuelto es casi cero, después se incrementa para llegar a tener valores cercanos a 20 mg/l a las 14:00 horas, luego decrecer para tomar valores alrededor de 4 mg/l a las 20:00 horas. Los perfiles de oxígeno disuelto muestran una clara estratificación y poca mezcla, concluyendo que la actividad fotosintética se desarrolla en los primeros 0.30 m de profundidad de la laguna, en la zona fótica.
Uso de semilla de Mangífera índica como coagulante natural para tratamiento de potabilización
Authors: Oliveros Godínez Irasema Karina
Published: May 2023

En muchas zonas rurales de Guatemala, el servicio de agua se presta de forma intermitente y no cumple con las características para ser agua potable, principalmente por la presencia de altas concentraciones de turbiedad y color. Estas características del agua pueden ser reducidas a través de la coagulación-floculación-sedimentación con coagulantes que pueden ser de tipo orgánico e inorgánico, siendo los coagulantes inorgánicos los más utilizados, por la poca información científica que existe en relación con los coagulantes naturales.  Esta investigación analizó el porcentaje de sustitución o combinación del coagulante a base de molienda de semilla de Mangífera índica (mango) por el sulfato de aluminio Al2(SO4)3. Para el estudio se utilizó la prueba de jarras, debido a que, simula el proceso de coagulación-floculación que se lleva cabo en una planta potabilizadora. De acuerdo con el estudio realizado el coagulante natural a base de molienda de semilla de Mangífera índica alcanzó un porcentaje de remoción de turbiedad de 93.21% para un rango de turbiedad de 215 NTU a 603 NTU, asimismo se determinó que la combinación que mejor eficiencia reportó durante el estudio es la realizada con 40% de sulfato de aluminio Al2(SO4)3, mezclado con 60% de coagulante natural a base de semilla de Mangífera índica (mango).  Esta combinación de coagulante natural e inorgánico logró valores de turbiedad residual por debajo de las 5 NTU que requiere la norma guatemalteca para consumo humano (COGUANOR NTG 29001), sin embargo, su aplicación se ve limitada por su costo de producción.
Análisis de la estimación del caudal del río Cabuz utilizando lluvia del modelo WRF y lluvia registrada
Authors: González Raxjal Wilder Eduardo
Published: May 2023

El uso de modelos numéricos del tiempo es una herramienta vital para todo Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. El modelo de Investigación y Pronóstico del Tiempo (WRF, por sus siglas en inglés) es un modelo numérico meteorológico que en este estudio se utiliza como herramienta para estimación de caudales utilizando su lluvia pronosticada. En este estudio se hace énfasis en la importancia que tiene el uso de los modelos numéricos meteorológicos como herramientas en la hidrología, principalmente aplicado a cuencas que presentan registros de inundaciones que causan severos daños a la población que se ubica en ellas, tal es el caso del río Cabuz de Guatemala, donde se aplica este estudio.  Se espera que esta primera aproximación del modelo permita implementar en un futuro sistemas de alerta temprana que colaboren con la reducción de desastres en la cuenca del río Cabuz. En este estudio se utilizó un modelo meteorológico y uno hidrológico para realizar un análisis de lluvia-escorrentía. Se seleccionaron ocho eventos de lluvias intensas del 2010 para calibrar la cuenca utilizando la metodología del hidrograma unitario sintético del SCS. Se modelaron los eventos de lluvia seleccionada del 2014 utilizando como base las condiciones de calibración de la cuenca. Los resultados muestran que los hidrogramas de lluvia pronosticada por el modelo WRF y la lluvia registrada tuvieron variaciones significativas, las cuales se atribuyen a la resolución utilizada en el modelo o a la influencia que puede generar la retención potencial inicial en la cuenca, por lo que se recomienda profundizar estudios en estos dos aspectos para reducir estas diferencias encontradas.