bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A two-hit model of alcoholic liver disease that exhibits rapid, severe fibrosis
Authors: Sengupta Monideepa , Abuirqeba Suomia , Kameric Amina , Cecile-Valfort Aurore , Chatterjee Arindam , Griffett Kristine , Burris Thomas P. , Flaveny Colin A.
Published: March 2021

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is responsible for an average of 50.4% and 44.2%of liver disease deaths among males and females respectively. Driven by alcohol misuse, ALD is often reversible by cessation of consumption. However, abstinence programs can have limited success at curtailing abuse, and the loss of life. ALD, therefore, remains a significant clinical challenge. There is a need for effective treatments that prevent or reverse alcohol-induced liver damage to complement or supplant behavioral interventions. Metabolic syndrome, which is disproportionally prevalent in ALD patients, accelerates the progression of ALD and increases liver disease mortality. Current rodent models of ALD unfortunately do not account for the contribution of the western diet to ALD pathology. To address this, we have developed a rodent model of ALD that integrates the impact of the western diet and alcohol; the WASH-diet model. We show here that the WASH diet, either chronically or in small time-restricted bouts, accelerated ALD pathology with severe steatohepatitis, elevated inflammation and increased fibrosis compared to mice receiving chronic alcohol alone. We also validated our WASH-diet model as an in vivo system for testing the efficacy of experimental ALD treatments. The efficacy of the inverse-agonist SR9238, previously shown to inhibit both non-alcohol and alcohol-induced steatohepatitis progression, was conserved in our WASH-diet model. These findings suggested that the WASH-diet may be useful for in vivo pre-clinical assessment of novel therapies.
Safety evaluation of Aloe vera soft capsule in acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity study
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhang Ying , Lv Zhongming , Yu Ping , Shi Weiqing
Published: March 2021

Aloe vera has been widely used in health and nutritional supplements in Chinese herbal medicine. Furthermore, Aloe vera production has been an emerging industry for making cosmetics and functional food. However, the reported adverse effects raised questions as to whether Aloe vera and its products were safe enough to be used in medicine and health care. In view of this, the safety evaluation of Aloe vera products before marketing is very important. The present study aimed to assess the toxicological profile of Aloe vera soft capsule (ASC), through acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxicity tests. Male and female ICR mice were received by oral gavage 15000 mg/kg bodyweight of ASC in the acute toxicity test. Male and female SD rats were fed on diet blended with different doses of ASC (equivalent to 832.5, 1665 and 3330 mg/kg bodyweight of ASC) for the subacute toxicity test. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or behavioral changes were observed, indicating the LD50 was higher than 15000 mg/kg bodyweight. In the subacute toxicity test, no significant changes were observed in bodyweight, food consumption, hematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters in the rats exposed. These data suggested that ASC used in this study did not produce any marked subacute toxic effects up to a maximum concentration of 3330 mg/kg bodyweight. In the genotoxicity study, ASC showed no mutagenic activity in the Ames test and no evidence of potential to induce bone marrow micronucleus or testicular chromosome aberrations in ICR mice exposed to 10000 mg/kg bodyweight. Collectively, ASC could be considered safe before it was marketed as a laxative and moistening health food.
Prevalence of pfk13 and pfmdr1 polymorphisms in Bounkiling, Southern Senegal
Authors: Ahouidi Ambroise , Oliveira Rafael , Lobo Lis , Diedhiou Cyrille , Mboup Souleymane , Nogueira Fatima
Published: March 2021

Background

Delayed Plasmodium falciparum parasite clearance has been associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the kelch protein propeller domain (coded by pfk13 gene). SNPs in the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) are associated with multi-drug resistance including the combination artemether-lumefantrine. To our knowledge, this is the first work providing information on the prevalence of k13-propeller and pfmdr1 mutations from Sédhiou, a region in the south of Senegal.

Methods

147 dried blood spots on filter papers were collected from symptomatic patients attending a hospital located in Bounkiling City, Sédhiou Region, Southern Senegal. All samples were collected between 2015–2017 during the malaria transmission season. Specific regions of the gene pfk13 and pfmdr1 were analyzed using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing.

Results

The majority of parasites (92.9%) harboured the pfk13 wild type sequence and 6 samples harboured synonymous changes. Regarding pfmdr1, wild-type alleles represented the majority except at codon 184. Overall, prevalence of 86Y was 11.9%, 184F was 56.3% and 1246Y was 1.5%. The mutant allele 184F decreased from 73.7% in 2015 to 40.7% in 2017. The prevalence of haplotype NFD decreased from 71.4% in 2015 to 20.8% in 2017.

Conclusions

This study provides the first description of pfk13 and pfmdr1 genes variations in Bounkiling, a city in the Sédhiou Region of Senegal, contributing to closing the gap of information on anti-malaria drug resistance molecular markers in southern Senegal.
Cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND toxin on shrimp hemocytes, a newly identified target tissue, involves binding of toxin to aminopeptidase N1 receptor
Authors: Luangtrakul Waruntorn , Boonchuen Pakpoom , Jaree Phattarunda , Kumar Ramya , Wang Han-Ching , Somboonwiwat Kunlaya
Published: March 2021

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by PirABVP-producing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VPAHPND, has seriously impacted the shrimp production. Although the VPAHPND toxin is known as the VPAHPND virulence factor, a receptor that mediates its action has not been identified. An in-house transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes allows us to identify two proteins from the aminopeptidase N family, LvAPN1 and LvAPN2, the proteins of which in insect are known to be receptors for Cry toxin. The membrane-bound APN, LvAPN1, was characterized to determine if it was a VPAHPND toxin receptor. The increased expression of LvAPN1 was found in hemocytes, stomach, and hepatopancreas after the shrimp were challenged with either VPAHPND or the partially purified VPAHPND toxin. LvAPN1 knockdown reduced the mortality, histopathological signs of AHPND in the hepatopancreas, and the number of virulent VPAHPND bacteria in the stomach after VPAHPND toxin challenge. In addition, LvAPN1 silencing prevented the toxin from causing severe damage to the hemocytes and sustained both the total hemocyte count (THC) and the percentage of living hemocytes. We found that the rLvAPN1 directly bound to both rPirAVP and rPirBVP toxins, supporting the notion that silencing of LvAPN1 prevented the VPAHPND toxin from passing through the cell membrane of hemocytes. We concluded that the LvAPN1 was involved in AHPND pathogenesis and acted as a VPAHPND toxin receptor mediating the toxin penetration into hemocytes. Besides, this was the first report on the toxic effect of VPAHPND toxin on hemocytes other than the known target tissues, hepatopancreas and stomach.
Direitos Humanos: novas abordagens, velhos desafios
Authors: Valente Isabel Maria Freitas , Nascimento Eliane Cristina da Silva
Published: March 2021

As elucidativas palavras da antiga Ministra dos Negócios Estrangeiros da Áustria, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, em 09 de maio de 2003, na 5ª Reunião Ministerial da Rede de Segurança Humana, “A Educação para os Direitos Humanos, através das suas dimensões relativas à transferência de conhecimentos, ao desenvolvimento de competências e à transformação de mentalidades, consciencializa para a nossa base comum de proteção da dignidade e da segurança humanas.” Na verdade, na segunda metade do século XXI, a promoção e a proteção dos direitos humanos terá que constituir uma prioridade absoluta para a sociedade civil, para as ONG, para os governos e um imperativo Ético e Deontológico para a Academia. A Educação para os Direitos Humanos terá que assumir uma parte central do nosso compromisso nas diferentes áreas de saber não apenas na vertente de investigação, mas também de promoção dos mesmos, de atitude e de contributo para a mudança de comportamentos num mundo, cada vez mais, caracterizado pela emergência dos nacionalismos, dos populismos e da clara violação dos Direitos Humanos quer pelos Estados quer pela comunidade Internacional.
Hogyan lehet támogatni a (nyelv)tanulást a fejlesztő értékelésen keresztül?
Authors: Csépes Ildikó
Published: March 2021

Tanulmányunk célja, hogy áttekintést adjon a fejlesztő értékelés különböző értelmezéseiről, a nyelvtanulás kontextusát külön is kiemelve. Bemutatjuk az osztálytermi értékelés megítélésének változását az elmúlt közel 30 év alatt, és hogy a fejlesztő értékelés miért kapott egyre több figyelmet napjainkra. Értelmezésünk szerint az értékelés átszövi az osztálytermi gyakorlat egészét, és jelentősen befolyásolhatja a diákok tanulási motivációját és magabiztosságát, melyek egyaránt döntő hatással lehetnek a tanulás eredményességére. Bemutatjuk a fejlesztő értékelés három megközelítését: a tanulást támogató értékelést, a dinamikus értékelést és a tanulás-orientált értékelés. Mindhárom felfogás rendelkezik sajátos jegyekkel, de abban egységesek, hogy az értékelést a tanítás szerves részének tekintik. Végül rövid kitekintést adunk a fejlesztő értékelést vizsgáló magyarországi kutatások eredményeit illetően. A közoktatás keretében zajló angolórák osztálytermi értékelési gyakorlatáról kibontakozó kép egyértelműen alátámasztja a szemléletváltás szükségességét.
Study of Changes in Corneal Thickness and Corneal Endothelial Cell Density after Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery
Authors: Pardasani Rajiv , Lohiya Sohan
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Phacoemulsification is a common surgery for cataract. The endothelium comprises of hexagonal cells which in single layer is essential for maintaining the transparency of the cornea. We wanted to compare endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), coefficient of variability, and hexagonality of endothelial cells before and after phacoemulsification surgery. we also wanted to evaluate the endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification surgery. METHODS A rural hospital-based prospective observational study with 120 patients was conducted in a hospital based setting utilising the data of patient’s eye by considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, before and after phacoemulsification surgery by using noncontact specular microscope. RESULTS The mean endothelial cell density significantly decreased postoperatively at day one, 4th week, 12th week. The mean central corneal thickness increased significantly at postoperative day one, then subsequently decreased at postoperative 4th week and 12th week (P value = 0.0001), but never reached the preoperative value. There was a significant change in coefficient of variation and hexagonality postoperatively (P value = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The primary result is the change in corneal endothelial cell density (cells per square millimetre of the corneal surface) which is decreased, and the central corneal thickness calculated in micro meter is increased. As endothelial cells do not replicate, to reimburse cell loss there are changes in coefficient of variation and hexagonality after phacoemulsification surgery. KEY WORDS Corneal Endothelial Cell Density, Central Corneal Thickness, Coefficient of Variation, Hexagonality, Phacoemulsification, Specular Microscope
Embolia Cutis Medicamentosa - A Case Report
Authors: Siddardha Shiliveri Sadhan , Raja Kolluru Karthik , Garikapati Amrutha , Dronamraju Sameera , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2021

Embolia cutis medicamentosa is a rare complication of intramuscular injury that leads to varying degrees of necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In 1924, embolia cutis medicamentosa or Nicolau syndrome (NS) was first portrayed after an intragluteal injection of bismuth salts was given for the treatment of syphilis but it has now been documented with several drugs. (Murthy et al., 2007)1. According to one hypothesis, embolia cutis medicamentosa occurs when an intramuscular drug is accidentally injected into the arterial lumen or wall, leading to vessel thrombosis, subcutaneous tissue and muscle necrosis (Senel et al., 2010)2. Necrosis develops after hyperemia, skin discoloration usually associated with severe pain and wide inflammatory livedoid dermatitis and haemorrhagic patch at the injection site (Hamilton et al., 2008)3. Severe cases may take an immediate clinical course and anticipate to death.
Trends in Corticosteroid Use During the Era of Biologic Therapy: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Targownik Laura E. , Bernstein Charles N. , Benchimol Eric I. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Singh Harminder , Tennakoon Aruni , Nugent Zoann , Coward Stephanie B. , Kuenzig M. Ellen , Murthy Sanjay K.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Corticosteroids are effective for inducing clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but not for maintaining remission. Reducing corticosteroid use and dependence is an important treatment goal since their use is associated with adverse events. The extent to which the improvements in IBD therapy have led to less corticosteroid use in the modern era remains unclear.

METHODS:

We used the University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Epidemiologic Database to assess the cumulative annual dosing of corticosteroids on a per-patient basis for all persons with IBD in the province of Manitoba between 1997 and 2017. Joinpoint analysis was used to assess for trends in corticosteroid use and to look at variation in the trends over time.

RESULTS:

The mean annual exposure to corticosteroids decreased from 419 mg/yr (1997) to 169 mg/yr (2017) for Crohn's disease (CD) (annual decline: 3.8% per year, 95% confidence interval 3.1–4.6) and from 380 to 240 mg/yr in ulcerative colitis (UC) (annual decline: 2.5% per year, 95% confidence interval 2.1–2.8). In CD, there was an acceleration in the rate of decline after 2007 (pre-2007, 1.9% decline per year; after 2007, 5.7% per year); there was no corresponding acceleration in the rate of decline in UC.

DISCUSSION:

Corticosteroid use has decreased in both CD and UC over the past 2 decades, becoming more pronounced after 2007 in CD. Potential explanations include introduction and increasing penetrance of biologic therapy in CD and greater awareness of corticosteroid-related adverse events in IBD. Further work is required understand the drivers of persistent corticosteroid use in IBD and how this can be further reduced.
Red Meat Consumption and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Population With Low Meat Consumption: The Golestan Cohort Study
Authors: Hashemian Maryam , Merat Shahin , Poustchi Hossein , Jafari Elham , Radmard Amir-Reza , Kamangar Farin , Freedman Neal , Hekmatdoost Azita , Sheikh Mahdi , Boffetta Paolo , Sinha Rashmi , Dawsey Sanford M. , Abnet Christian C. , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the most common liver disease in the world, can range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. We evaluated the association between meat consumption and risk of NAFLD in the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS).

METHODS:

The GCS enrolled 50,045 participants, aged 40–75 years in Iran. Dietary information was collected using a 116-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2004–2008). A random sample of 1,612 cohort members participated in a liver-focused study in 2011. NAFLD was ascertained through ultrasound. Total red meat consumption and total white meat consumption were categorized into quartiles based on the GCS population, with the first quartile as the referent group. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

The median intake of total red meat was 17 and total white meat was 53 g/d. During follow-up, 505 individuals (37.7%) were diagnosed with NAFLD, and 124 of them (9.2%) had elevated alanine transaminase. High total red meat consumption (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.06–2.38, P trend = 0.03) and organ meat consumption (ORQ4 vs Q1 = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.19–2.44, P trend = 0.003) were associated with NAFLD. Total white meat, chicken, or fish consumption did not show significant associations with NAFLD.

DISCUSSION:

In this population with low consumption of red meat, individuals in the highest group of red meat intake were at increased odds of NAFLD. Furthermore, this is the first study to show an association between organ meat consumption and NAFLD (see Visual Abstract, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B944).
Dissemination of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research on Social Media Platforms Is Associated With Increased Citation Count
Authors: Ayoub Fares , Ouni Ahmed , Case Robert , Ladna Michael , Shah Harsh , Rubin David T.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The purpose of this study was to find out whether dissemination of gastroenterology and hepatology (GI) research on social media networks correlates with citation count at 5 years.

METHODS:

We correlated the Altmetric Attention Score with Web of Science citation counts at 5 years for scholarly work published in the 10 highest impact factor GI journals in 2014.

RESULTS:

In 4,026 analyzed items, the correlation (r) between Altmetric Attention Score and citations at 5 years was 0.62 (P < 0.001), representing strong correlation. Twitter was the platform with the strongest correlation with citations.

DISCUSSION:

Social media attention garnered by GI scholarly work strongly correlates with the number of citations at 5 years.
A Riddle, Wrapped in a Mystery, Inside an Enigma: Another Key to Wheat Sensitivity?
Authors: Galipeau Heather J. , Verdu Elena F.
Published: March 2021

Nonceliac gluten sensitivity, or the more preferred term, nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), is a heterogenous condition that is diagnosed purely on the basis of symptoms and without an understanding of disease mechanisms and triggers. Biomarkers to identify patients and implementation of dietary treatment in a personalized manner are needed. Mansueto et al. identified a population of NCWS patients with associated autoimmune markers and immune activation. The presence of these markers could be used, in combination with other serological tests, to help develop better diagnostic strategies for NCWS.
Pospopulares
Authors: Alabarces Pablo
Published: March 2021

Pospopulares: Las culturas populares después de la hibridación es un balance profundo de los debates que, desde hace treinta años, organizaron los estudios sobre las culturas populares latinoamericanas. A la vez, propone nuevas perspectivas en tiempos de crisis de la categoría: la pregunta central es ¿qué significa hoy lo popular? La relación entre las culturas populares y la cultura de masas ha cambiado radicalmente en este siglo, de un modo que los textos clásicos no podían prever. La cultura de masas se ha transformado en el gran organizador y jerarquizador cultural; pero las culturas populares siguen señalando en América Latina un exceso, algo que persiste fuera de lo mediático. Y lo que permanece inalterable, aunque con ropajes siempre renovados, es la desigualdad material y simbólica. Aunque cada vez cuesta más hablar de el pueblo, lo que permanece es la jerarquización, la discriminación, la subalternidad - de clase, de etnia, de raza, de género-, la invisibilización, el silencio. Todos los espacios donde, tercamente, habla lo popular.
Discrete-event simulation applied to a radiotherapy process: A case study of a cancer center
Authors: Moura Miranda Douglas Moura , Pedrini Moura Miranda Mariana Moura
Published: March 2021

Goal: This research aims to investigate how to maximize the throughput and reduce the waiting time for oncological patients of a radiotherapy process.

Design / Methodology / Approach: A case study was conducted to develop a simulation model integrated with optimization techniques, including an expert system to support everyday decision making in the operation.

Results: The experiments demonstrated that the approach was able to identify better configurations of the process, improving productivity without deteriorating quality. Results also considered the future acquisition of a new linear accelerator allowing the operation to plan its ramp up accordingly. Another result is the devised tool to allow the operation to run its own simulation studies.

Limitations of the investigation: The results are valid for processes with similar characteristics of the one studied in the present paper, closing the scope at the treatment stage.

Practical implications: This work demonstrates the possibility of applying modern simulation techniques in radiotherapy, not only enabling improvements for the present situation but also integrating the model to the operation to support everyday decision making.

Originality / Value: The number of details captured by the model is significantly higher than others studies. The integration of the methodology to the treatment process makes possible for the operation to continue benefiting from the model in a long term.
Literature Review on Maturity Models for Digital Supply Chains
Authors: Hellweg Frauke , Lechtenberg Sandra , Hellingrath Bernd , Thomé Antonio Márcio Tavares
Published: March 2021

Goal. Today, digital technologies have significant effects on supply chains as companies explore and exploit their opportunities. Digital supply chains promise advantages over traditional ones. A maturity model is a helpful tool to assess the current state of digitalization in supply chains and to guide companies towards implementation. The main goal of this paper is to investigate existing maturity models for digital supply chains and propose possibilities for future research.

Design/Methodology/Approach. A structured literature review is conducted to identify relevant maturity models. Those are analyzed regarding their type and emphasis on a specific supply chain function or certain digitalization dimension.

Results. Twenty-eight maturity models are identified. Each of them focuses on a particular supply chain function or a specific digital technology. A focus on manufacturing (Industry 4.0) and, consequently, a lack of research regarding other aspects of the supply chain digitalization becomes evident. Moreover, most papers lack coverage of all digitalization dimensions. Besides, more rigorous research regarding the quality of the maturity models, their evaluation, and application is needed.

Limitations of the investigation. The conducted review is limited to two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). Two researchers conducted the analysis, which might lead to some bias. Furthermore, the analysis could be broadened and performed more in-depth to derive further insights.

Practical implications. Practitioners might use the presented overview of existing maturity models to identify a well-developed one that fits their desired application scenario.

Originality/value. This paper provides suggestions for future research and highlights interesting and relevant topics to investigate.
Keparahan Penyakit Blas Pyricularia oryzae dan Analisis Gen Virulensi Menggunakan Metode Sequence Characterized Amplified Region
Authors: Kurrata Gilang , Tutik Kuswinanti  , Andi Nasruddin
Published: March 2021

Severity of Blast Disease and Analysis of Virulence Gene Using Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Method

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae) is one of the important diseases in rice cultivation in the world, including Indonesia. The use of resistant varieties is a way to deal with blast disease since it is cheap, efficient and safe from the risk of pesticide pollution. However, the resistance of a rice variety to blast disease can only be utilized for a few years due to the complexity of pathogens which can easily break down the resistance of a variety, especially if their resistance is determined only by one dominant gene. The aims of this research was to determine the severity of blast disease and genetic variation of P. oryzae isolates from Maros District and the relationship between disease severity and haplotype variety obtained as the basis for recommendations for control with site-specific resistant varieties. The severity of blast disease was observed using the Standard Evaluation System for Rice was carried out in 8 locations (different sub-districts) in Maros District, South Sulawesi from June to September 2019. The pathogen’s genetic diversity was determined using specific primers, coding the fungus virulence genes namely Pwl2, Erg2 and Cut1. The highest leaf blast intensity was observed on var. Mekongga in Simbang sub-district (42.12%) and Maros Baru sub-district (23.33%). In Tanralili sub-district (Inpari-7) and Mandai sub-district (var. Ciherang) leaf blast intencity were 7.6% and 7.88% respectively. A total of 15 isolates of P. oryzae obtained from 8 sub-districts in Maros. Analysis of genetic diversity showed found 5 different haplotypes, namely haplotype A-000 (4 isolates), C-011 (3 isolates), D-111 (2 isolates), F-110 (3 isolates) and G-100 (3 isolates).
Potensi Pengusulan Jenis Baru Peronosclerospora sorghi Asal Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Rustiani Ummu Salamah , Sinaga Meity Suradji , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Wiyono Suryo , Siala Darni Rambu D.
Published: March 2021

Potential Proposal for A New Type of Peronosclerospora Sorghi from East Nusa Tenggara

Downy mildew of corn caused by Peronosclerospra can cause real economic damage. In Indonesia, it is known that there are three species of Peronosclerospora, namely P. maydis, P. phillippinenis, and P. sorghi. Peronosclerospora maydis is the dominant species found in Indonesia. The three species can be identified from their morphological and molecular characters. However, the results of monitoring by the Kupang Agricultural Quarantine Station during 2016-2019 showed that the morphological characteristics of P. sorghi from NTT are different from the morphology from Java and Sulawesi in terms of the number of sterigmata formed from conidiophores. The number of P. sorghi sterigmata from NTT is less than in other locations. This will lead to a smaller number of conidia produced by P. sorghi  from NTT. Based on the molecular analysis, the character of  P. sorghi isolate from NTT is in a separated family tree from Java and Sulawesi isolates but is included in one group with P. sorghi isolates from USA. The results of morphological and molecular studies showed further study on host ranges, genetic diversity of the fungal isolates as well as shorgum should be considered in the future. Sorghum as the primary host of P. sorghi has been gathered for the genetic data of sorghum originating from NTT and then comparing to the data from Texas, USA. That information will be contributing to determine the identity of P. sorghi from NTT.
Large traumatic bone cyst masquerading as an odontogenic keratocyst
Authors:   Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia, M. Lestari Marzella , N. Juanda Dwi ,   Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Traumatic bone cyst (TBC) is a jaw disorder that is asymptomatic, slow growing, and usually detected during routine panoramic examinations. The etiology and pathogenesis of TBC are still unknown. The lack of information and scarce research efforts on TBC has made it difficult for operators to appropriately diagnose and monitor cases, which often requires extensive treatment. Here, we report the case of a moderate-sized TBC, scalloping and pass¬ing through the mandibular midline and suspected to be a malignant lesion.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Irrigation Delivery Systems on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte [Deemed to be University], Mangaluru-India, Bhat Raksha , Shetty Preethesh ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte [Deemed to be University], Mangaluru-India, N. Hegde Mithra ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte [Deemed to be University], Mangaluru-India
Published: March 2021

Attaining a sterile root canal system is important since microorganisms can cause persistent inflammation in the periradicular tissues. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of two irrigation delivery systems; the EndoVac and semiconductor diode laser irradiation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. Methods: Fifty teeth were disinfected according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations. The teeth were then instrumented, followed by inoculation with bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). The teeth were randomly assigned to five groups, Group I: Control group; Group II: Teeth irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl + Endovac; Group III: Teeth irrigated with 2% Chlorhexidine + Endovac; Group IV: Teeth irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl + laser irradiation; and Group V: Teeth irrigated with 2% Chlorhexidine laser irradiation. All samples were incubated on Muller–Hilton media plates for a period of 24 h. We determined the colony-forming units and analyzed them statistically using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Laser irradiation completely disinfected the root canal system. The EndoVac system produced significant disinfection but was comparatively less effective than laser irradiation. Conclusion: Laser irradiation had a significantly greater bactericidal effect than the EndoVac system, used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.
Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria: A Rare Case Report Porphyria: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey, Alan Raif , Çelebi Hakkı ,   Private Practice, 42010, Konya, Turkey, Kilinc Fahriye ,   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, Dursun Recep ,   Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
Published: March 2021

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is an extremely rare disorder involved in chronic porphyrias. One of the recommended evaluations to determine disease severity and needs of a person with CEP is dental assessment. Objective: To present a case of CEP and its oral rehabilitation. Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient was admitted to the clinic with hyperkeratinization, skin fragility, fissures, and wounds in her perioral region and hands. Intraoral gingival bleeding, mucogingival stress, and missing teeth were recorded. After medical consultation, phase I and II periodontal therapies were performed. The patient expressed satisfaction of the results of the procedures in terms of the parameters evaluated. The rare occurrence of the disease may delay the diagnosis. An unmet need still exists for multidisciplinary orientation of patients with CEP. Conclusion: Dentists should have and follow guidelines for treating patients with CEP.
Evaluation of Dental Luxation Traumas in Turkish Western Mediterranean Population between 1999 and 2017: A Mediterranean Population between 1999 and 2017: A Retrospective Study Retrospective Study
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Suleyman Demirel, ısparta, 32200 Turkey, Oz Esra , Kırzıoglu Zuhal ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Suleyman Demirel, ısparta, 32200 Turkey
Published: March 2021

Luxation cases reportedly occur more frequently in men than in women, and the frequency decreases with increasing age. It is important to know the characteristics of luxation injuries to take preventive measures and early treatments. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate luxation trauma cases in the Turkish population in the West Mediterranean region between 1999 and 2017. Methods: An 18-year retrospective analysis of records of patients with luxation traumas was performed. Data regarding age groups, gender, trauma types, etiologic factors, trauma locations, number of affected teeth, trauma types with/without crown fracture, and time elapsed from trauma onset until clinic visit were determined. Acquired data were tabulated as numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 1597 teeth, from 885 patients, exposed to luxation trauma were included. The number of injured teeth per child was 1.8, and single tooth trauma was the most common type. The number of trauma patient was higher in the 0–5 age group, and the number of cases was higher in the primary teeth of the 0–3 age group and in the permanent teeth of the 8–12 age group. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth, and the most common cause was falls. The luxation types most frequently presenting with crown fracture were lateral luxation in the primary teeth (60%) and subluxation in the permanent teeth (33.9%). The proportion of patients with avulsion was the lowest among those visiting the clinic within 2 days of trauma. Conclusion: This study revealed that almost half of the trauma patients have a history of luxation trauma. Educational programs for the community regarding causes and prevention of luxation traumas should be continued.
Nanomaterials and Nanorobotics in Dentistry: A Review
Authors:   Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey, Kasimoglu Yelda , Tabakcilar Derya ,   Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey, A. Guclu Zeynep ,   Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Kayseri, Turkey, Yamamoto-Nemoto Seiko ,   Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsudo, Japan, B. Tuna Elif ,   Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey, Ozen Bugra ,   Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey, Tuzuner Tamer ,   Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Trabzon, Turkey, Ince Gokhan ,   Istanbul Teknik University, Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: March 2021

Nanotechnology is a branch of science focusing on the manipulation of materials measured on the nanoscale (size = 1–100 nm). Recent advances in the field of nanodentistry have resulted in the development of alternative treatment plans for common dental problems, bringing about a paradigm shift in dentistry. Nanorobots, also known as “nanites” or “nanomachines,” are theoretical microscopic devices that may be used for the diagnosis and treatment of oral health problems. This paper aims to discuss the latest innovations in the field of nanodentistry.
Comparative Evaluation of Apical Extrusion Debris and Irrigant During Calcium Hydroxide Removal and Endodontic During Calcium Hydroxide Removal and Endodontic Instrumentation Using Three Types of Instrumentation Systems Instrumentation Using Three Types of Instrumentation Syste
Authors:   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey, İnce Yusufoğlu Selen , Saricam Esma ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
Published: March 2021

Many root canal preparation techniques and instruments produce apically extruded materials to a certain extent depending on the preparation system adopted. The extrusion of debris from the apical foramen during chemomechanical preparation may cause postoperative pain and failure of endodontic treatment. Objective: This study evaluates the differences in the apical extrusion of debris and calcium hydroxide (CH) during endodontic instrumentation by using Reciproc Blue (RB), WaveOne Gold (WOG), and F6 Skytaper (F6). Methods: Six experimental study groups (n = 13) were established. The root canal procedures for all groups were prepared with different methods: Group I: One Shape (OS) instrumentation, CH filling for 21 days, removal of CH using RB; Group II: OS instrumentation, CH filling for 21 days, removal of CH using WOG; Group III: OS, CaOH filling for 21 days, removal of CH using F6; Group IV: root canal instrumentation using RB; Group V: root canal instrumentation using WOG; Group VI: root canal instrumentation using F6. Apically extruded debris was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes by using the Myers and Montgomery method. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: All the tested instruments caused the extrusion of debris and irrigant from the apical foramen. The difference among the six groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The tested instruments caused similar apical extrusions of debris and irrigant during CH removal or instrumentation procedures.
Reliability of Panoramic Radiography for Vertical Facial Pattern Assessment Assessment
Authors:   Department of Orthodontics, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan, Jeelani Waqar , Ahmed Maheen ,   Department of Orthodontics, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan, Ahmed Shakeel ,   ehsil Headquarter Hospital Jampur District, Rajanpur, Pakistan
Published: March 2021

The orthopantomogram (OPG) is a common dental screening radiograph that has multiple implications. However, lateral cephalogram is the investigation of choice for the assessment of vertical facial pattern. Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity of an OPG parameter i.e. panoramic gonial angle (PGoA) for the assessment of the vertical facial pattern. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the pretreatment OPG and lateral cephalograms of 200 orthodontic patients aged 15-40 years. The PGoA was measured on both sides and an average was used for statistical analysis. The Pearson’s correlations of PGoA were measured with cephalometric gonial angle (CGoA), SN-GoGn, MMA, FMA, LAFH/TAFH% and PFH/TAFH%. The diagnostic test statistics were applied for PGoA against gold standard “definitive diagnosis (DD)” derived from SN GoGn and FMA. A p-value ofResults: The mean CGoA was 121.18º ± 5.16º which was significantly different (pConclusion: The current study identifies PGoA as a valid tool for the assessment of vertical facial pattern of orthodontic patients with its normal value 116º±3º in our sample.
Avrupa Konseyi Yerel ve Bölgesel Yönetimler Kongresi Kararlarında Türkiye’de Yerel Demokrasi: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Haktankaçmaz Mehmet İlker
Published: March 2021

Türkiye’nin kurucu üyelerinden olduğu Avrupa Konseyi için, Avrupa’da barış ve istikrarın yapıtaşlarından birini oluşturacağı anlayışıyla, üye ülkelerde yerel ve bölgesel demokrasinin güçlendirilmesi temel hedeflerden biridir. Konsey’in danışma organı olan Avrupa Konseyi Yerel ve Bölgesel Yönetimler Kongresi bu amaçla çalışmalar yürütmekte olup hazırladığı referans belgelerden en önemlisi Avrupa Yerel Yönetimler Özerklik Şartı’dır. Bu çerçevede Kongre, Özerklik Şartı’nın üye ülkelerdeki uygulanma durumunu değerlendirmek üzere olağan ülke izlemeleri gerçekleştirmekte, Şart’ın uygulanması bakımından kaygı verici acil bir durumun ortaya çıkması halinde ise “gerçeği- araştırma görevi” de düzenleyebilmektedir. Bu faaliyetler neticesinde Kongre, üye ülkelerde yerel demokrasinin uygulanmasına ilişkin değerlendirme ve tavsiyelerde bulunmaktadır. Bu yönüyle Kongre anılan alanda faaliyet gösteren diğer uluslararası kuruluşlardan farklılaşmaktadır. Bu değerlendirme ve tavsiyeler doğrultusunda üye ülkelerde bugüne kadar yerel ve bölgesel yönetimlere ilişkin reform niteliğinde çok sayıda yasal düzenleme hayata geçirilmiştir. Türkiye de Özerklik Şartı’na taraf olduğu tarihten bu yana çok sayıda izleme faaliyetine konu olmuş, Türkiye hakkında hazırlanan tavsiye kararlarının ana konusunu Doğu ve Güneydoğu’da yerel yönetimlerin seçimle gelen organlarının merkezi yönetim tarafından görevden uzaklaştırılması oluşturmuş, bu ise 2010’dan itibaren Kongre- Türkiye ilişkilerinde tansiyonun yükselmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmanın amacı; kayyum atama tartışmalarının yoğunlaştığı bir dönemde, Türkiye’ye yönelik izleme faaliyetlerini ve kabul edilen metinleri diğer üye ülkelere yönelik olanlarla karşılaştırmalı şekilde analiz ederek Kongre’nin Türkiye’de yerel demokrasiye bakışını ortaya koymaktır.
Birleşmiş Milletler Sistemi ve Küresel Siberalan Güvenliği Regülasyonu
Authors: Eldem Tuba
Published: March 2021

Daha yakın zamana kadar büyük ölçüde bilgisayar sistemlerinin teknik korumasıyla ilişkilendirilen siber güvenlik, son beş yılda önemli ekonomik, insani ve ulusal güvenlik riskleri doğuran geleneksel olmayan bir güvenlik sorun olarak küresel toplumun gündemini sıklıkla meşgul etmektedir. Evrensel üyeliğe sahip ve egemen eşitlik ilkesi tarafından yönlendirilen Birleşmiş Milletler (BM), ulusal ve uluslararası siberalan güvenliği tartışmalarının yapıldığı önemli küresel hükümetlerarası örgütlerden biridir. Siber güçlerin siber normları kendi gündemleri çerçevesinde şekillendirmede etkin bir örgütsel platform ve araç olarak kullandıkları BM Genel Kurulu’nda siber güvenliğin siyasi, askeri, mali ve insani boyutlarıyla ilgili yürütülen müzakereleri ve kararları inceleyen bu makale, bir yandan siber güvenlik konusunda uluslararası toplumda oluşan fay hatlarını ortaya koymakta, diğer yandan birçok farklı hükümetlerarası organ ve örgütsel platformda ele alındığı için oldukça parçalanmış nitelikte olan BM’nin siberalan güvenliği regülasyonu hakkında tematik ve bütüncül bir analiz sunmaktadır. Makale, siber güçler arasında uluslararası siber güvenlik rejiminin niteliğine yönelik normatif çatışmayı, devletlerin siberalanda artan gücünü ve etkisini ve küresel yönetişimde Batı’dan Doğu’ya doğru bir kaymayı içeren üç ana eğilimin siberalanı şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında, devletler arasında siberalandaki faaliyetleri düzenlemek için harekete geçme iradesinde fark edilebilir bir ivme göze çarpsa da ortaya çıkan düzenleyici çerçevenin odağı ve siberalanı yönetmeye yönelik temel yaklaşımla ilgili olarak uluslararası toplumda net bir ayrımın devam ettiği ve siberalanın 21. yüzyılın merkezi bir jeopolitik rekabet alanı olarak ortaya çıktığı sonucuna varılmaktadır.
Evaluating capital assets in governing protected area co-management in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan M.S. , Islam S. , Haque M.M.U. , Aktar S. , Ahmed R.
Published: March 2021

Co-management in the Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary was evaluated to assess how fairly capital assets were considered in the beneficiary selection, and to what extent it affected vegetation cover. A semi-structured questionnaire survey was employed to collect necessary information
along with satellite images. The study revealed that many variables of social capital and a few variables of natural and financial capital played a significant role in the participant selection process. Analysis of dependency showed that the participants did not rely significantly on the forest
both in terms of resource collection and their monetary value implying that the most dependent people were not adequately represented in the co-management team. The dominance of local leaders suppressed the voices of others in the management venture. An increase in forest vegetation cover
was observed during the project period, although shortly after the end of co-management projects a slight deterioration of forest cover was noted. The findings of the study can serve as a guide in the future application of community forestry programmes in protected areas of Bangladesh and
elsewhere in the world within similar socio-physiographic settings.
Complexity of zoning management in biosphere reserves: the case of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve in DRC
Authors: Kipute D.D. , Mampeta S.W. , Kahindo J-M.M. , Lelo U.D.M. , Sufo Kankeu R. , Sonwa J.D. , Joiris V.D. , Mate J-P.M.
Published: March 2021

Riparian communities activities threaten conservation in biosphere reserves in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) is no exception to this degradation. Thus, the objective of the presents study was to elucidate the local factors underlying the
high pressure on natural resources and analyze the complexity of biosphere reserve zoning management using an interdisciplinary approach combining document review, field surveys and semi-structured interviews.
 Our results revealed that the zoning applied to the YBR did not take
into account social dynamics. With population growth, the riparian community is doomed to remain in restricted areas, leading to over-exploitation of the space and land degradation, forcing the population to travel long distances to reach fertile plots into the protected area. Also, the lack
of employment and the absence of participatory zoning also exacerbate tensions between the manager and the riparian community. For an effective management of the YBR, political authorities should become more involved in the participatory zoning of conservation areas and village exploitations.
In addition, they should improve farming techniques to mitigate soil degradation.
Forest governance in DRC: an analysis from actors' participation in REDD+ policy development
Authors: Pham T.T. , Kengoum F. , Moeliono M. , Dwisatrio B.
Published: March 2021

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has implemented Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+), a process that requires inclusive decision making and accountability. Our research analyses the participation of policy actors in DRC by asking: (1) Who is involved
in national REDD+ policy making and what is their interest in participating in core policy events? (2) What level of participation do the different political actors have in core policy events? (3) To what extent do the outcomes, of REDD+ policy events incorporate different preferences of policy
actors? We found that although actors' interest in REDD+ policy events have increased over time, their concerns have rarely been taken into account in decision-making processes. The presence of local civil society and indigenous group organizations is weak while international organizations
play a major role in the REDD+ arena. REDD+ is treated as a project rather than being embedded in national politics.
Earth, Wind, and Fire: Aristotle on Violent Storm Events, with Reconsideration of the Terms ἐκνεφίας, τυφῶν, κεραυνός, and πρηστήρ
Authors: Graham Daniel W. , Herzog Zachary , Williams Michael
Published: March 2021

Recent studies of Aristotle’s meteorology have often focused on questions of scientific methodology rather than on the empirical accuracy of the explanations. Here we wish to focus on Aristotle’s theory of storms, considering them in their historical context and in light of Aristotle’s theoretical commitments, but testing them in terms of their ability to explain the phenomena in question. Aristotle’s approach to storm events follows a general pattern of “outburst” theories proposed by Presocratic thinkers, in which wind, fire, and the like burst out of clouds. Aristotle proposes a two-exhalation theory in which a dry and a moist gas arise by evaporation and can conflict with each other. In Meteorologica II.9 and III.1, he provides his own theory of storms. Modern accounts are hampered by a mistranslation of ‘eknephias’ as “hurricane.” We argue that an eknephias is never a hurricane, but in the first place a theoretical construct meant to account for three distinct phenomena: tuphōn, keraunos, and prēstēr, all of which need to be identified more clearly with actual meteorological phenomena than they have been. We identify appropriate phenomena and also propose a phenomenon corresponding to eknephias, which makes sense of Aristotle’s account.