bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of a New Porous Medium Burner with Two Sections and Double Decks
Authors: Jia Zhenzhen , Ye Qing , Wang Haizhen , Li He , Shi Shiliang
Published: October 2018

Porous medium burners are characterized by high efficiency and good stability. In this study, a new burner was proposed based on the combustion mechanism of the methane-air mixture in the porous medium and the preheating effect. The new burner is a two-section and double-deck porous medium with gas inlets at both ends. A mathematical model for the gas mixture combustion in the porous medium was established. The combustion performance of the burner was simulated under different equivalence ratios and inlet velocities of premixed gas. The methane combustion degree, as well as the temperature and pressure distribution, was estimated. In addition, the concentrations of emissions of NOx for different equivalence ratios were investigated. The results show that the new burner can not only realize sufficient combustion but also save energy. Furthermore, the emission concentration of NOx is very low. This study provides new insights into the industrial development and application of porous medium combustion devices.
Exegetical Resistance: The Bible and Protestant Critical Insiders in South Korea
Authors: Hong Seung
Published: October 2018

South Korean Protestantism has attracted scholars for a number of reasons including its almost unrivaled numeric growth and vibrancy in East Asia. Recent observations, however, have also noticed its negative perceptions among the general public in Korea, including those who profess to be Protestants. This study focuses on movements by Protestant “critical insiders,” namely, those who are committed to their Protestant faiths yet are highly critical of the ways in which the Protestant religion is taught, believed, and practiced in South Korea. Such emphasis on resistance fits well the scholarly agenda of cultural studies. The subjects of observation in this study, however, can take the cultural studies orthodoxy and flip it on its head. In cultural studies, it has been asserted that unintended-creative readings of cultural—and religious—texts on the part of the readers indicate their resistive agency rather than subjugation. Korean Protestant critical insiders’ various activities pertaining to the Bible, however, entail reversing such observations about interpreting cultural texts and empowerment. Instead of turning the signs upside down, as typically celebrated in cultural studies, what they aspire to do is follow more radically the intended meanings/readings of the text. Rescuing the text, so to speak, is paramount for religiously loyal resistance.
Cryptocurrencies and Exchange Rates: A Relationship and Causality Analysis
Authors: Corelli Angelo
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the relationship between the most popular cryptocurrencies and a range of selected fiat currencies, in order to identify any pattern and/or causality between the series. Cryptocurrencies are a hot topic in Finance due to their strict relationship with the Blockchain system they originate from and therefore are normally considered as part of the ongoing, world-wide financial revolution. This innovative study investigates this relationship for the first time by thoroughly investigating the data, their features, and the way they are interconnected. Results show very interesting results in terms of how concentrated the causality effect on some specific cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies is. The outcome is a clear and possibly explainable relationship between cryptocurrencies and Asian markets, while envisioning some kind of Asian effect.
SECOND: Sparsely Embedded Convolutional Detection
Authors: Yan Yan , Mao Yuxing , Li Bo
Published: October 2018

LiDAR-based or RGB-D-based object detection is used in numerous applications, ranging from autonomous driving to robot vision. Voxel-based 3D convolutional networks have been used for some time to enhance the retention of information when processing point cloud LiDAR data. However, problems remain, including a slow inference speed and low orientation estimation performance. We therefore investigate an improved sparse convolution method for such networks, which significantly increases the speed of both training and inference. We also introduce a new form of angle loss regression to improve the orientation estimation performance and a new data augmentation approach that can enhance the convergence speed and performance. The proposed network produces state-of-the-art results on the KITTI 3D object detection benchmarks while maintaining a fast inference speed.
Object Detection in Very High-Resolution Aerial Images Using One-Stage Densely Connected Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Tayara Hilal , Chong Kil To
Published: October 2018

Object detection in very high-resolution (VHR) aerial images is an essential step for a wide range of applications such as military applications, urban planning, and environmental management. Still, it is a challenging task due to the different scales and appearances of the objects. On the other hand, object detection task in VHR aerial images has improved remarkably in recent years due to the achieved advances in convolution neural networks (CNN). Most of the proposed methods depend on a two-stage approach, namely: a region proposal stage and a classification stage such as Faster R-CNN. Even though two-stage approaches outperform the traditional methods, their optimization is not easy and they are not suitable for real-time applications. In this paper, a uniform one-stage model for object detection in VHR aerial images has been proposed. In order to tackle the challenge of different scales, a densely connected feature pyramid network has been proposed by which high-level multi-scale semantic feature maps with high-quality information are prepared for object detection. This work has been evaluated on two publicly available datasets and outperformed the current state-of-the-art results on both in terms of mean average precision (mAP) and computation time.
IMU-Based Virtual Road Profile Sensor for Vehicle Localization
Authors: Gim Juhui , Ahn Changsun
Published: October 2018

A road profile can be a good reference feature for vehicle localization when a Global Positioning System signal is unavailable. However, cost effective and compact devices measuring road profiles are not available for production vehicles. This paper presents a longitudinal road profile estimation method as a virtual sensor for vehicle localization without using bulky and expensive sensor systems. An inertial measurement unit installed in the vehicle provides filtered signals of the vehicle’s responses to the longitudinal road profile. A disturbance observer was designed to extract the characteristic features of the road profile from the signals measured by the inertial measurement unit. Design synthesis based on a Kalman filter was used for the observer design. A nonlinear damper is explicitly considered to improve the estimation accuracy. Virtual measurement signals are introduced for observability. The suggested methodology estimates the road profile that is sufficiently accurate for localization. Based on the estimated longitudinal road profile, we generated spectrogram plots as the features for localization. The localization is realized by matching the spectrogram plot with pre-indexed plots. The localization using the estimated road profile shows a few meters accuracy, suggesting a possible road profile estimation method as an alternative sensor for vehicle localization.
LTCC Packaged Ring Oscillator Based Sensor for Evaluation of Cell Proliferation
Authors: Kilpijärvi Joni , Halonen Niina , Sobocinski Maciej , Hassinen Antti , Senevirathna Bathiya , Uvdal Kajsa , Abshire Pamela , Smela Elisabeth , Kellokumpu Sakari , Juuti Jari , Lloyd Spetz Anita
Published: October 2018

A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip biosensor was developed for cell viability monitoring based on an array of capacitance sensors utilizing a ring oscillator. The chip was packaged in a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module with a flip chip bonding technique. A microcontroller operates the chip, while the whole measurement system was controlled by PC. The developed biosensor was applied for measurement of the proliferation stage of adherent cells where the sensor response depends on the ratio between healthy, viable and multiplying cells, which adhere onto the chip surface, and necrotic or apoptotic cells, which detach from the chip surface. This change in cellular adhesion caused a change in the effective permittivity in the vicinity of the sensor element, which was sensed as a change in oscillation frequency of the ring oscillator. The sensor was tested with human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) during cell addition, proliferation and migration, and finally detachment induced by trypsin protease treatment. The difference in sensor response with and without cells was measured as a frequency shift in the scale of 1.1 MHz from the base frequency of 57.2 MHz. Moreover, the number of cells in the sensor vicinity was directly proportional to the frequency shift.
Segmentation and Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network-Based Classification of Airborne Laser Scanner Data
Authors: Yang Zhishuang , Tan Bo , Pei Huikun , Jiang Wanshou
Published: October 2018

The classification of point clouds is a basic task in airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud processing. It is quite a challenge when facing complex observed scenes and irregular point distributions. In order to reduce the computational burden of the point-based classification method and improve the classification accuracy, we present a segmentation and multi-scale convolutional neural network-based classification method. Firstly, a three-step region-growing segmentation method was proposed to reduce both under-segmentation and over-segmentation. Then, a feature image generation method was used to transform the 3D neighborhood features of a point into a 2D image. Finally, feature images were treated as the input of a multi-scale convolutional neural network for training and testing tasks. In order to obtain performance comparisons with existing approaches, we evaluated our framework using the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Groups II/4 (ISPRS WG II/4) 3D labeling benchmark tests. The experiment result, which achieved 84.9% overall accuracy and 69.2% of average F1 scores, has a satisfactory performance over all participating approaches analyzed.
A Novel Wind Speed Estimation Based on the Integration of an Artificial Neural Network and a Particle Filter Using BeiDou GEO Reflectometry
Authors: Kasantikul Kittipong , Yang Dongkai , Wang Qiang , Lwin Aung
Published: October 2018

Oceanographic remote sensing, which is based on the sensitivity of reflected signals from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), so-called GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), is very useful for the observation of ocean wind speed. Wind speed estimation over the ocean is the core factor in maritime transportation management and the study of climate change. The main concept of the GNSS-R technique is using the different times between the reflected and the direct signals to measure the wind speed and wind direction. Accordingly, this research proposes a novel technique for wind speed estimation involving the integration of an artificial neural network and the particle filter based on a theoretical model. Moreover, particle swarm optimization was applied to find the optimal weight and bias of the artificial neural network, in order to improve the accuracy of the estimation result. The observation dataset of the reflected signal information from BeiDou Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite number 4 was used as an input for the estimation model. The data consisted of two phases with I and Q components. Two periods of BeiDou data were selected, the first period was from 3 to 8 August 2013 and the second period was from 12 to 14 August 2013, which corresponded to events from the typhoon Utor. The in situ wind speed measurement collected from the buoy station was used to validate the results. A coastal experiment was conducted at the Yangjiang site located in the South China Sea. The results show the ability of the proposed technique to estimate wind speed with a root mean square error of approximately 1.9 m/s.
Trusted Cameras on Mobile Devices Based on SRAM Physically Unclonable Functions
Authors: Arjona Rosario , Prada-Delgado Miguel , Arcenegui Javier , Baturone Iluminada
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of cameras placed on mobile devices connected to the Internet. Since these cameras acquire and process sensitive and vulnerable data in applications such as surveillance or monitoring, security is essential to avoid cyberattacks. However, cameras on mobile devices have constraints in size, computation and power consumption, so that lightweight security techniques should be considered. Camera identification techniques guarantee the origin of the data. Among the camera identification techniques, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) allow generating unique, distinctive and unpredictable identifiers from the hardware of a device. PUFs are also very suitable to obfuscate secret keys (by binding them to the hardware of the device) and generate random sequences (employed as nonces). In this work, we propose a trusted camera based on PUFs and standard cryptographic algorithms. In addition, a protocol is proposed to protect the communication with the trusted camera, which satisfies authentication, confidentiality, integrity and freshness in the data communication. This is particularly interesting to carry out camera control actions and firmware updates. PUFs from Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) are selected because cameras typically include SRAMs in its hardware. Therefore, additional hardware is not required and security techniques can be implemented at low cost. Experimental results are shown to prove how the proposed solution can be implemented with the SRAM of commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chips included in the communication module of the camera. A proof of concept shows that the proposed solution can be implemented in low-cost cameras.
Construction of Multiple Switchable Sensors and Logic Gates Based on Carboxylated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Poly(N,N-Diethylacrylamide)
Authors: Wu Xuemei , Bai Xiaoqing , Ma Yang , Wei Jie , Peng Juan , Shi Keren , Yao Huiqin
Published: October 2018

In this work, binary hydrogel films based on carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (c-MWCNTs/PDEA) were successfully polymerized and assembled on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. The electroactive drug probes matrine and sophoridine in solution showed reversible thermal-, salt-, methanol- and pH-responsive switchable cyclic voltammetric (CV) behaviors at the film electrodes. The control experiments showed that the pH-responsive property of the system could be ascribed to the drug components of the solutions, whereas the thermal-, salt- and methanol-sensitive behaviors were attributed to the PDEA constituent of the films. The CV signals particularly, of matrine and sophoridine were significantly amplified by the electrocatalysis of c-MWCNTs in the films at 1.02 V and 0.91 V, respectively. Moreover, the addition of esterase, urease, ethyl butyrate, and urea to the solution also changed the pH of the system, and produced similar CV peaks as with dilution by HCl or NaOH. Based on these experiments, a 6-input/5-output logic gate system and 2-to-1 encoder were successfully constructed. The present system may lead to the development of novel types of molecular computing systems.
Unsupervised Machine Learning for Advanced Tolerance Monitoring of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Disc Turbine Fir-Tree Slots
Authors: Wang Jun , Sanchez Jose A. , Ayesta Izaro , Iturrioz Jon A.
Published: October 2018

Manufacturing more efficient low pressure turbines has become a topic of primary importance for aerospace companies. Specifically, wire electrical discharge machining of disc turbine fir-tree slots has attracted increasing interest in recent years. However, important issues must be still addressed for optimum application of the WEDM process for fir-tree slot production. The current work presents a novel approach for tolerance monitoring based on unsupervised machine learning methods using distribution of ionization time as a variable. The need for time-consuming experiments to set-up threshold values of the monitoring signal is avoided by using K-means and hierarchical clustering. The developments have been tested in the WEDM of a generic fir-tree slot under industrial conditions. Results show that 100% of the zones classified into Clusters 1 and 2 are related to short-circuit situations. Further, 100% of the zones classified in Clusters 3 and 5 lie within the tolerance band of ±15 μm. Finally, the 9 regions classified in Cluster 4 correspond to situations in which the wire is moving too far away from the part surface. These results are strongly in accord with tolerance distribution as measured by a coordinate measuring machine.
Degradation of the In-plane Shear Modulus of Structural BFRP Laminates Due to High Temperature
Authors: Hu Yu-Jia , Jiang Cheng , Liu Wei , Yu Qian-Qian , Zhou Yun-Lai
Published: October 2018

The behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites at high temperature is a critical issue that needs to be clearly understood for their structural uses in civil engineering. However, due to technical difficulties during testing at high temperature, limited experimental investigations have been conducted regarding the thermal behavior of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites, especially for the in-plane shear modulus of BFRP laminates. To this end, both an analytical derivation and an experimental program were carried out in this work to study the in-plane shear modulus of BFRP laminates. After the analytical derivation, the in-plane shear modulus was investigated as a function of the elastic modulus in different directions (0°, 45° and 90° of the load-to-fiber angle) and Poisson’s ratio in the fiber direction. To obtain the in-plane shear modulus, the four parameters were tested at different temperatures from 20 to 250 °C. A novel non-contacting digital image correlation (DIC) sensing system was adopted in the high-temperature tests to measure the local strain field on the FRP samples. Based on the test results, it was found that the elastic moduli in different directions were reduced to a very low level (less than 20%) from 20 to 250 °C. Furthermore, the in-plane shear modulus of BFRP at 250 °C was only 3% of that at 20 °C.
Fare Evasion and Ticket Forgery in Public Transport: Insights from Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Authors: Fürst Elmar Wilhelm M. , Herold David M.
Published: October 2018

Local public transport companies provide important mobility services to the general public. Although these services are usually subsidised, companies rely on revenues generated by ticket sales. Therefore, fare evasion (i.e., people using a transport service without paying for it) and ticket forgery (the production of an illegal ticket facsimile) have considerable influence on the companies’ economic sustainability. As existing research regarding the economic perspective is limited, this paper presents a Delphi study that investigates the phenomena with a survey of experts in public transport companies and transport associations in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The findings of the survey provide insights into the overall perception and discuss relevant aspects of both fare evasion and ticket forgery, thereby not only highlighting practical implications, but also helping policy makers shape adequate policies for public transport in societies.
How to Divide Paid Work and Unpaid Care between Parents? Comparison of Attitudes in 22 Western Countries
Authors: Salin Milla , Ylikännö Minna , Hakovirta Mia
Published: October 2018

Sharing responsibilities for paid work and unpaid care between men and women is recognised as one of the challenges that Western countries face in the 21st century. This article examines attitudes towards sharing paid work and unpaid care responsibilities in 22 Western countries by addressing the following questions. (1) How do attitudes towards different earner-carer models vary across countries? (2) Which socio-demographic and country-level factors explain differences in attitudes to an equal division of paid work and unpaid care responsibilities? International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) data 2012 is used as the data source and research methods include logistic multi-level regression analysis. Results reveal that cross-national variations in attitudes are significant: Most traditional attitudes are found in many Eastern European countries, whereas Nordic countries are the least traditional. At the individual level, those who are highly educated, in paid work, single, childless, and religiously non-active support the equal division of paid work and unpaid care responsibilities more often than other respondents. At the country level, longer father-specific parental leave, a stronger tradition of women’s paid work, and less traditional gender roles are related to stronger support for an equal division of paid work and unpaid care.
Assessing the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of a Regional Air Quality Plan
Authors: Carnevale Claudio , Ferrari Fabrizio , Guariso Giorgio , Maffeis Giuseppe , Turrini Enrico , Volta Marialuisa
Published: October 2018

Air quality plans must be demonstrated to be economically sustainable and environmentally effective. This paper presents a full cost–benefit and environmental analysis of a large regional air quality plan involving several different actions covering a large spectrum of fields, from domestic heating to passenger and freight transport, from electricity generation to agriculture. The impact of each action is analyzed looking at the possible energy savings, greenhouse gases (GHG) emission reductions, the improvement in air quality, and the consequent decrease in external costs, namely the reduced impact on population health. The analysis is performed by applying a flexible and fast computer tool (RIAT+) that allows for a rapid simulation of different pollutant emission scenario, to assess different air quality indices (AQIs) over a regional scale domain. The results show that, in most cases, the economic savings exceed the implementation costs and thus that these actions can be introduced in air quality plans for the domain under study. The reduced health and climate costs, though relevant in absolute terms, are, in general, only a fraction of the economic benefits of energy savings. This is not true for the measures acting on improvements in electricity generation, since a reduction in power plant emissions (generally with high stacks, far from populated areas) does not significantly impact the air quality inside the region. A shift in energy production to renewable sources can instead provide noticeable effects on GHG emissions. This research raises some interesting and general questions about the adequacy of the methodologies applied to attribute costs (and benefits) to actions, improving a variety of sectors that are different from the one in which the measures are applied here.
The Empirical Test on the Impact of Climate Volatility on Tourism Demand: A Case of Japanese Tourists Visiting Korea
Authors: Hwang Yun Seop , Kim Hyung Sik Harris , Yu Cheon
Published: October 2018

As climate is not only a valuable tourism resource but also a factor influencing travel experience, estimating climate volatility has implications for sustainable development of the tourism industry. This study develops the Climate Volatility Index (CVI) using a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and estimates the relationship between CVI and Japanese tourism demand in Korea, using a tourism demand model based on monthly data from January 2000 to December 2013. Possible time lags and multicollinearity among variables are considered for the model specification. The results show that an increase in climate volatility leads to a decrease in tourism demand.
Related Party Transactions and Tax Avoidance of Business Groups
Authors: Park Sungwon
Published: October 2018

This study aims to examine if the firms in business groups avoid tax by related party transactions. If other conditions are the same, firms have an incentive to maximize after-tax profits by minimizing tax burden. If the firms are in business groups, they tend to minimize tax at the business group level. It is expected that the level of tax avoidance of both parties of related party transactions will be high if tax is minimized at the business group level as the transactions will be made at a level that can minimize the tax of both the firm that reduces the taxable income through related party transactions and the firm whose taxable income increases. In addition, the effect of being in a Chaebol business group and the effect of the Unfair Related Party Transactions Tax Law on the association with related party transactions and tax avoidance are also examined. According to this study, the firms in business groups avoid tax by related party transactions. It is also found out that tax avoidance by related party transactions is done more aggressively in Chaebol member firms than non-Chaebol firms, while tax avoidance by related party transactions in Chaebol business groups decreases after the implementation of the Unfair Related Party Transactions Tax Law.
The Utopia of the Harmonization of Legal Frameworks to Fight against Transnational Organized Environmental Crime
Authors: Marquès-Banqué Maria
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to reflect on the challenges faced by the harmonization of legal frameworks as a strategy to globally address transnational organized environmental crime, taking into consideration the difficulties experienced at a regional level, in the EU. The focus will be specifically on the harmonization of sanctions, due to the impact that this issue has on the application of UNTOC (United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime). With this aim, the implementation of Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through criminal law is analysed to check the extent to which the harmonization of sanctions was reached five years after the due date for the transposition of the Directive. This paper also highlights that, beyond political will and European criminal competences, harmonization is a matter of legal culture, which renders the challenge even more complex.
Interaction of Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin and Lipolysis-Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor (LSR)
Authors: Nagahama Masahiro , Takehara Masaya , Kobayashi Keiko
Published: October 2018

Iota toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens is a binary, actin ADP-ribosylating toxin that is organized into the enzymatically active component Ia and the binding component Ib. Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) has been identified as a cellular receptor of Ib. Here, we investigated the functional interaction between Ib and LSR, where siRNA for LSR blocked the toxin-mediated cytotoxicity and the binding of Ib. The addition of Ib to LSR-green fluorescence protein (GFP)-transfected cells at 4 °C resulted in colocalization with LSR and Ib on the cell surface. Upon transfer of the cells from 4 °C to 37 °C, LSR and Ib were internalized and observed in cytoplasmic vesicles. When the cells were incubated with Ib at 37 °C and fractionated using the Triton-insoluble membrane, Ib oligomer was localized in insoluble factions that fulfilled the criteria of lipid rafts, and LSR was clustered in lipid rafts. To examine the interaction between N-terminal extracellular region of LSR and Ib, we constructed a series of LSR N-terminal deletions. Ten amino acids residues can be deleted from this end without any reduction of Ib binding. However, deletion of 15 N-terminal residues drastically reduces its ability to bind Ib. These results demonstrate that Ib binds to the LSR N-terminal 10 to 15 residues and endocytoses into trafficking endosomes together with LSR.
Low Praziquantel Treatment Coverage for Schistosoma mansoni in Mayuge District, Uganda, Due to the Absence of Treatment Opportunities, Rather Than Systematic Non-Compliance
Authors: Adriko Moses , Faust Christina L. , Carruthers Lauren V. , Moses Arinaitwe , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Lamberton Poppy H. L.
Published: October 2018

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA) to control schistosomiasis in endemic regions. We aimed to quantify recent and lifetime praziquantel coverage, and reasons for non-treatment, at an individual level to guide policy recommendations to help Uganda reach WHO goals. Cross-sectional household surveys (n = 681) encompassing 3208 individuals (adults and children) were conducted in 2017 in Bugoto A and B, Mayuge District, Uganda. Participants were asked if they had received praziquantel during the recent MDA (October 2016) and whether they had ever received praziquantel in their lifetime. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with socio-economic and individual characteristics as covariates was used to determine factors associated with praziquantel uptake. In the MDA eligible population (≥5 years of age), the most recent MDA coverage was 48.8%. Across individuals’ lifetimes, 31.8% of eligible and 49.5% of the entire population reported having never taken praziquantel. Factors that improved individuals’ odds of taking praziquantel included school enrolment, residence in Bugoto B and increasing years of village-residency. Not being offered (49.2%) and being away during treatment (21.4%) were the most frequent reasons for not taking the 2016 praziquantel MDA. Contrary to expectations, chronically-untreated individuals were rarely systematic non-compliers, but more commonly not offered treatment.
GP follow-up after first diagnosing psychological problems among adolescents: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Hetlevik Øystein , Bjørnå Christina Hagen , Lundring Ina-Terese , Gjesdal Sturla
Published: October 2018

Background

Psychological problems are common among adolescents. Many GPs consider these problems challenging, even after diagnosis.

Aim

To explore how Norwegian GPs follow-up patients after a first diagnosis of a psychological problem at age 15–16 years.

Design and setting

Nationwide longitudinal, register-based study using claims data for all GPs in the national list patient system, and for adolescents born in 1993 and 1994 (n = 129 499).

Method

National databases and registers were used to determine how many adolescents received a first diagnosis of a psychological problem in a GP consultation at age 15 or 16 years. Further consultations, collaborative contacts in primary care, and referrals to secondary care during the year after diagnosis were then identified and used as outcomes in regression analyses to investigate associations with initial diagnosis, parental education, and GP characteristics.

Results

In total, 6809 (5.3%) adolescents received a first diagnosis of a psychological problem in a GP consultation at age 15 or 16 years. Internalising problems constituted 50.5% of initial diagnoses among females and 28.8% among males. Behaviour and attention problems accounted for 21.3% for females and 45.0% for males. In total, 46.6% of females and 39.9% of males had ≥1 follow-up consultation, and 32.8% of females and 27.0% of males were referred to secondary care. GPs reported primary care collaboration for 22.1% of females and 19.1% of males. GPs with larger patient lists had higher referral rates, but collaborated less within primary care. Males with a male GP had more follow-up consultations than males with a female GP.

Conclusion

GP follow-up after diagnosing psychological problems among adolescents is limited, but predominantly comprised referrals and some multidisciplinary cooperation. GP follow-up consultations should be studied more thoroughly, and the role of GPs warrants further policy discussions.
Contribution à l'étude des accolements réguliers des feldspaths potassiques et des plagioclases
Authors: Kern Raymond , Gindt R.
Published: October 2018

On étudie l'épitaxie d'un plagioclase sur le microcline ; deux lois d'épitaxie sont mises en évidence ; elles ont lieu sur (001) et (010) du microcline avec la direction [100] en commun entre microcline et plagioclase. On donne une interprétation structurale de la deuxième épitaxie basée sur la quasi-continuité des trames tridimensionnelles Si-Al-O.
Étude des macles du nitrure d'aluminium. Interprétation causale
Authors: Gindt R. , Kern Raymond
Published: October 2018

La morphologie du nitrure d'aluminium est étudiée ainsi que deux de ses macles, l'une par contact (plan de macle 1013) l'autre par pénétration (plan de macle 1012). On donne une interprétation causale de leur formation.
Découverte de cassitérite et de ferbérite dans les filons de Rhar Rouban (Algérie occidentale)
Authors: Glaçon Jules
Published: October 2018

Cette note fait simplement connaître la présence de cassitérite et ferbérite dans les filons à quartz et mispickel recoupant le Primaire de la région de Rhar Rouban, en Oranie (frontière algéro-marocaine). L'intérêt d'une telle découverte est souligné (rareté relative des gîtes Sn-W en Algérie tellienne). Le gîte de Sn-W ainsi mis en évidence peut être rapproché des gisements hercyniens de Sn et W du Maroc.
Sur la présence de strontium dans des formations récifales du sénonien toulonnais
Authors: Périnet Guy , Andrieux C.
Published: October 2018

Des récifs à madrépores coloniaux massifs ont été découverts dans la région toulonnaise, près du petit village de Sainte-Anne d'Evenos.

Ces récifs, vivants, au sénonien inférieur, présentent aujourd'hui des madrépores fossilisés en géodes étanches, dans lesquelles on trouve, entre autres, du sulfate de strontium.

La présence de cette célestine pose un problème de genèse difficile à résoudre.
Étude morphologique de la cuprite de synthèse. Influence d'impuretés sur le faciès
Authors: Lejus Anne-Marie
Published: October 2018

Un examen de la répartition des formes principales de cuprite (110, in, 100) rencontrées dans la nature révèle la présence de (111) et (100) dans tous les gisements. Par contre, (110) n'apparaît que dans certains d'entre eux. Nous avons pensé rattacher cette apparition bien localisée à des propriétés particulières de milieu de croissance. En étudiant le faciès de cuprite obtenue par voie de synthèse, nous avons pu montrer que (111) et (100) se développent selon les vitesses de formation des cristaux dans des conditions déterminées de température, concentration, pression... (110) n'apparaît que lorsque le milieu de croissance contient des impuretés minérales, ces ions «impuretés» étant d'autant plus actifs que leurs dimensions sont plus faibles.
A propos des diagrammes radiocristallographiques dits «de Lambot »
Authors: Barraud Jean
Published: October 2018

L'auteur rappelle qu'il a mis au point la méthode de diffraction par focalisation sur la préparation et publié ses résultats plusieurs années avant H. Lambot.
ASYMMETRY IN THE STOCK PRICE RESPONSE TO MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS: EVIDENCE FROM THE KOREAN MARKET
Authors: Lee Geul , Ryu Doojin
Published: October 2018

This study investigates stock price movements in response to macroeconomic shocks, allowing for asymmetry in this relationship. Given Ferson’s (1989) finding that large and small stocks can exhibit different risk behaviors, we examine the behaviors of the KOSPI and KOSDAQ stock markets in response to changes in the price level, real interest rate, and real USD/KRW exchange rate using simple and nonlinear autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) models. We find that the long-run effects of macroeconomic shocks are relatively insignificant under the simple ARDL model, whereas a significant and negative long-run effect is found for almost every explanatory variable–market pair under the nonlinear model. In addition, we find that the long-run effects of stock price shocks on macroeconomic variables are more significant under the nonlinear model. Overall, the results imply that it is difficult to identify the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock price dynamics without considering asymmetry.
Population dynamics of two troglobitic Troglorhopalurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) scorpions from Brazil
Authors: Gallão Jonas , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: October 2018

Population dynamics studies raise relevant data to understanding ecological aspects and natural history of species as well as better conservation strategies. Using two scorpions species, Troglorhopalurus translucidus Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004 and Troglorhopalurus lacrau (Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil, we estimate populacional parameters through mark and recapture methodology, and Jolly-Seber estimator. In addition, data on both species as sexual ratio, reproductive biology, growth, longevity, feeding habitats, and seasonality were analyzed in the caves and afterwards compared to other scorpion species as well as other arachnids. We captured and marked 82 specimens of T. translucidus and 65 specimens of T. lacrau. Population estimates were 361 ± 199 individuals to T. translucidus and 333 ± 252 to T. lacrau. Population estimates were considered high for the troglobitic scorpions when compared to subterranean arachnids or even with epigean species of scorpions. Both troglobitic scorpions featured remarkable differences in relation to epigean scorpions as higher longevity, longer reproductive period, slower growth. Besides T. translucidus showed marked seasonality with populational variations in rainy seasons in contrast to T. lacrau with populational stability. Suppl. material 1
Phlegmariurus vanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P. nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus
Authors: Field Ashley Raymond
Published: October 2018

PhlegmariurusvanuatuensisA.R.Field is described as a new species for plants endemic to the islands of Vanuatu that were previously identified withP.nummulariifolius(Blume) Ching. The Vanuatuan species differs from the widespread Asian-Oceanian species in several characteristics, most notably its acutely divergent leaf arrangement and thicker less branched fertile spikes.Phlegmariurusnummulariifoliusis here re-circumscribed as plants occurring in Asia and into Oceania as far east as the Solomon Islands, being replaced eastwards byP.vanuatuensis. In addition, new nomenclatural combinations are made forPhlegmariurusaustralis, a species from Polynesia and forPhlegmariuruscopelandianus, a species from Malesia.
Three species in one: a revision of Clemensia albata Packard (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini)
Authors: Schmidt B. Christian , Sullivan J. Bolling
Published: October 2018

ClemensiaalbataPackard, previously thought to be a single, widely distributed North American species, is here shown to consist of three distinct, primarily parapatric species:ClemensiaalbataPackard,C.umbrataPackard,stat. rev., andClemensiaochreataSchmidt & Sullivan,sp. n.Adults and genitalic structures of the three species are illustrated.
A new species of Euchaetes Harris from southern Arizona (Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: Nagle Raymond B. , Schmidt B. Christian
Published: October 2018

Euchaetesnancyaesp. n. is described from southeastern Arizona. Although superficially similar to species of Pygarctia Grote, structural and molecular variation shows it to be most closely related to Euchaeteshelena (Cassino). Adults, genitalic structure, eggs, and first instar larvae are described and illustrated. The larval host plant remains unknown. Euchaeteshelena is confirmed as occurring in Mexico.
Additions and corrections to the check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico IV
Authors: Schmidt B. Christian , Lafontaine J. Donald , Troubridge James T.
Published: October 2018

A summary of all taxonomic and nomenclatural changes to the check list of the Noctuoidea of North America north of Mexico since the last update published in 2015 is provided. A total of 64 changes are listed and discussed, consisting of 26 recently published changes and additions, and an additional 38 presented herein. One stat. n., one stat. rev., six syn. n., and two comb. n. are proposed for the first time. Orthimella Schmidt & Lafontaine nom. n. is proposed here as an objective replacement name for Himella Grote, 1874 [Noctuinae: Orthosiini], a junior homonym of Himella Dallas, 1852 [Hemiptera: Coreidae].
Neurobiology of Eating Disorders and the Use of Psychotropic Medications
Authors: McShane K. Molly , Ozbolt Lauren
Published: October 2018

Eating disorders are some of the most challenging and complex disorders encountered in psychiatry. The combination of medical acuity, psychiatric comorbidity, and low client motivation for recovery creates a “perfect storm” that can result in a potentially deadly, persistent, and debilitating illness. As more is understood about the neurobiology involved in eating disorders, the better equipped providers will be to use psychotropic medications to target dysregulated neurotransmitter systems.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(10):468–472.]
WWI in the Middle East and Africa: Nationalist Movements in a Formative Age
Authors: Erlich Haggai
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the pre-war period, the war, and its aftermath in the larger regional context of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. The main premise is that new movements emerged in the decades prior to the war in this area. They redefined societies and politics, and did so in terms that would later herald modern nationalism in various forms. Some of these movements were led by newly educated young generation; some were of more traditional and of more religious nature. After discussing the military stages of the war in this arena, the article presents the diplomatic dimensions of the war. In general, the two rival European camps developed diplomatic dialogues with these various local movements. Commitments and promises, which turned out to be important in shaping the post-War history of the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, were made. The pre-War movements went from ideas to reality, and the new League of Nations was involved in this transformation. The case of Ethiopia was somewhat different. The Christian empire was independent before the war, and no foreign army invaded her. Yet the developments during the war affected Ethiopian history and the entire Horn. Moreover, in the longer run, post-WWI Ethiopia had a profound impact on global history. It was the only entity in the area in question to enter the League of Nations as an independent state. It was the beginning of a long story that culminated in the 1935 Fascists invasion of Ethiopia, the ensuing destruction of the League of Nations, and the global deterioration towards World War II.
Ethiopia, International Law and the First World War. Considerations of Neutrality and Foreign Policy by the European Powers, 1840-1919
Authors: Zollmann Jakob
Published: October 2018

This article begins by tracing Ethiopia’s recognition as a member of the “family of nations,” the community of (Western) states in international law. It then analyses Ethiopia’s position under international law during the First World War, when the ruling elite decided not to join the war on either side. A number of sources, however, suggest that conflicting parties within the Ethiopian elite were divided on whether to take part in the war or not. While one side considered the war as a means to gain access to the Red Sea, others, with the fall of the Crown Prince Lij Iyasu, wished to support the Allies in their struggle against the Ottoman rule in the area. When a small group of Germans left Addis Ababa and attempted to break the Allied blockade of the Red Sea, the Allied consuls charged Ethiopia with a violation of neutrality. Nevertheless, considering the sources on the international law of neutrality, such violation did not take place.
Askaris and the Great War. Colonial Troops Recruited in Libya for the War but Never Sent to the Austrian Front
Authors: Volterra Alessandro
Published: October 2018

Between January and February 1915 an Ottoman army of 25,000 men tried in vain to invade Egypt. Subsequently the Ottoman Empire gave a hand to any Senussi military activity in neighbouring Cyrenaica (in particular the oases inland of the Libyan-Egyptian border and along the Mediterranean coast). Italy had been at arms with the Senussi resistance since as early as 1914 and had actually been dragged into the world war in Libya way earlier than the official date of 24 May 1915. In light of this, the recruitment policy of Italy and its political and military decisions in the face of war become extremely interesting. This article explores a few key issues: the increased number of soldiers from the Horn of Africa sent to Libya; the Libyan troops sent to Sicily between summer 1915 and spring 1916; and the debate over the use of African troops on the Italo-Austrian front.
Living the War Far Away from the Front: Creating Territories around Djibouti
Authors: Imbert-Vier Simon
Published: October 2018

This article provides a general overview of the military events around Djibouti during the First World War. It then details Ethio-French relations at the beginning of the 20th century, before turning to the study of three concrete events within this territory when strategic and very local rationalities interfered. After the War, conflicting memories are an occasion to validate new conceptions of this territory. Beyond the available literature, this study is based mostly on French colonial archives in order to explain territorial conceptions.
Dynamique et gestion des pelouses calcaires de Haute-Normandie
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

Les pelouses calcicoles de Haute-Normandie sont des milieux semi-naturels de grande valeur biologique. Abandonnées de toute exploitation agricole depuis les années 1950, des successions végétales secondaires se mettent en place et menacent à terme la biodiversité des stades initiaux. Après avoir réalisé une analyse bibliographique internationale, la variabilité écologique des sites de pelouses et l’impact des systèmes de gestion conservatoire sont étudiés. A l’échelle du paysage, une recherche d’écologie historique montre que les trajectoires des successions végétales sont en partie définies par les pratiques agro-pastorales anciennes. Inapplication de ces pratiques à divers compartiments de l’écosystème permet ensuite de mieux appréhender la dynamique des différentes communautés en rapport avec la mise en place d’une gestion capable de conserver leur importante biodiversité.
Chapitre premier. The use of functional groups to predict the impact of conservation management on the vegetation of chalk grasslands
Authors: Dutoit Thierry
Published: October 2018

L'impact de différents régimes de gestion (fauchage, labour, abandon) sur la diversité végétale de quatre pelouses calcicoles de la vallée de Seine (Haute-Normandie, France) a été analysé par la méthode des points quadrats durant une période de 3 ans. Le classement des espèces en groupes végétaux fonctionnels permet de dégager les effets de la gestion conservatoire sur les phytocénoses indépendamment de la composition taxonomique des différentes pelouses. Les résultats des analyses multivariées montrent une dominance de la contribution des espèces annuelles et bisannuelles dans les quadrats régulièrement fauchés au contraire des quadrats abandonnés et des témoins plutôt dominés par des espèces pérennes. La richesse et la diversité spécifique des quadrats fauchés pendant trois ans sont significativement supérieures aux témoins et aux quadrats abandonnés. L’utilisation de groupes fonctionnels basés sur quelques caractéristiques des végétaux est discutée dans une optique de généralisation et de modélisation prédictive des effets de la gestion pour d'autres sites.