bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The spatial spillover effect and mediating effect of green credit on agricultural carbon emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Qin Lingui , Liu Songqi , Hou Yao , Zhang Yan , Wu Dongli , Yan Dabo
Published: January 2023

Agriculture has become a main source of greenhouse gas emissions globally, so limiting agricultural carbon emissions is an important part of achieving carbon neutrality in China. The reduction of agricultural carbon emissions needs the support of green credit. This paper explores the spatial effect and mechanism of green credit on agricultural carbon emissions. Specifically, based on panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2009 to 2019, the relationship between green credit and agricultural carbon emissions is empirically analyzed using spatial econometric and mediating effect models. The results show that green credit has a significant inhibitory effect on agricultural carbon emissions. Meanwhile, green credit can also limit agricultural carbon emissions in surrounding areas through spatial spillover effects. Moreover, the study reveals that green credit can indirectly suppress agricultural carbon emissions by promoting agricultural green technology innovation. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward policy recommendations for the development of green credit and the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions.
Seismic stratigraphy and development of a modern isolated carbonate platform (Xuande Atoll) in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Y. , Wu S. , Li X. , Chen W. , Han X. , Yang C. , Qin Y. , Huang X. , Yang Z. , Sun J. , Zhu L.
Published: January 2023

Xuande Atoll is an isolated carbonate platform that has developed since the early Miocene. This study conducted high-resolution seismic surveys and shallow drilling to understand its internal structure and development. Five seismic sequences were observed (from bottom to top): SQ1 (early Miocene), SQ2 (middle Miocene), SQ3 (late Miocene), SQ4 (Pliocene), and SQ5 (Quaternary). The seismic data indicated that the platform formation started in the early Miocene and flourished during the early and middle Miocene. The platform shrank before the isolated platform formed in the middle Miocene. The final shrinking stage occurred in the southern and western parts of the platform at the end of the Miocene, which may reflect rapid tectonic subsidence and increased terrigenous sediment inputs owing to the formation of the semi-marginal sea. The peri-platform contains a falling sea-level sequence that was dominated by mass wasting deposits.
Analysis of flow field in a blast simulator combined-driven by explosive charge and compressed gas
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Ren Huiqi , Ning Huijun , Zhou Songbai , Long Zhilin , Huang Kui
Published: January 2023

The flow field characteristics of blast simulators with the explosive-driven method and compression-driven method have been extensively investigated; however, limited effort has been made to the flow field in blast simulators combined-driven by explosive charge and compressed gas. In this paper, the finite volume method governed by the Navier–Stokes equation based on an explosive detonation and k-omega SST turbulence equation was used to analyze the flow field characteristics of blast simulators with three kinds of drive methods, namely, explosive-driven method, compression-driven method, and combined-driven method. The results show that the numerical method could simulate the flow field characteristics of the blast simulators with the explosive-driven method and compression-driven method accurately by comparing to the experimental data. Also, the influence of air turbulence on the explosion flow field cannot be neglected in the case of long running time. It is obtained that the combined-driven method could increase the pressure peak value of shock waves and extends positive pressure duration effectively, owing to the interaction of the shock waves generated from the explosive detonation and the rarefaction wave formed by rupturing the diaphragm. The first overpressure peak value, the second overpressure peak value, and the positive pressure duration obtained by the combined-driven method of 5 kg TNT and 0.3 MPa compressed gas were 1.669 times, 2.172 times, and 2.308 times more than those obtained by the explosive-driven method of 5 kg TNT, respectively. The maximum overpressure and positive pressure duration obtained by the combined-driven method of 5 kg TNT and 0.3 MPa compressed gas were 2.56 times and 1.162 times more than those obtained by the compression-driven method of 0.3 MPa compressed gas, respectively. Moreover, various shock wave environments could be simulated by controlling the charge mass of explosive charge and the initial pressure of compressed gas.
Insights into the late Cenozoic structural deformation and tectonic stress field of the Qiabuqia region, Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Zhang , Qingda Feng , Fucheng Li , Linyou Zhang , Chao Zhang , Senqi Zhang , Dunpeng Li , Zhen Yan , Jian Song , Lei Fu , Zhaoxuan Niu
Published: January 2023

In addition to overall uplift of the Qiabuqia region during the Late Cenozoic, three deformation stages can be identified in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Specifically, these deformation stages were recognized in areas east of the Gonghe Basin that surrounds Waliguan Mountain and include: 1) Late Miocene to Late Pliocene deformation—dominated by thrust napping with dextral strike-slipping; 2) Early Pleistocene to late middle period of Pleistocene deformation—fault structures were dominated by the dextral strike-slipping with thrust napping; and 3) end of Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene deformation—thrust napping slowed down and finally braked, while the shallow surface began to loosen and extend at Qiabuqia region’s rear-edge. DR4 borehole drilling data indicate that the Xiangshuihe Formation’s buried depth is ∼1,000 m. The Xianshuihe Formation’s top section is characterized by normal fault–type (NF) tectonic stress, while the maximum principal tectonic stress (σ1) is perpendicular and the minimum principal tectonic stress (σ3) is horizontal. In contrast, the deep basement is characterized by thrust fault (TF) and strike-slip (SS) tectonic stress, while the σ1 is in the NE-SW direction, ranging from 20.1° to 75.3° with an average of 40.0°. Based on the aforementioned observations, it can be inferred that there are three sets of hidden faults in the basement of the Qiabuqia region: 1) the NW–NNW trending compressional–torsional faults; 2) the NE trending tensional–torsional faults; and 3) the NWW trending compressional–torsional faults. The findings in this study can potentially offer a robust geological basis for exploring and utilizing hot, dry rock resources within the Gonghe Basin.
Calculation method for internal force and deformation of the prestressed I-beam on the elastic foundation
Authors: Ye Yangsheng , Wei Shaowei , Cai Degou , Yang Jianmin , Wei Peiyong , Yue Cuihong , Wu Shangrui
Published: January 2023

The elastic foundation beam theory has been widely used in civil engineering, including railway, tunnel, and building foundations. With the development of fabricated structures, more elastic foundation beams need to be prestressed. In order to explore the frame foundation beam with the fabricated anchor-cable in the slope reinforcement project, in this article, prestress is applied to both ends of the beam. Then, according to the calculation method of internal force and deformation of the beam under concentrated force and the equivalent load theory of the prestressed structure, three new methods: the finite difference method (FDM) of the Euler–Bernoulli beam on the Winkler foundation, FDM of the Euler–Bernoulli beam on the Pasternak foundation, and theoretical analytical solution of the Timoshenko beam on the Winkler foundation, are deduced to calculate internal force and deformation under prestress force and concentrated force, respectively. Typical calculation parameters are selected for design and verification via the three new methods and GEO5, respectively. The results show that the calculated values of the three new methods are basically consistent with those calculated using GEO5 software, which verifies the feasibility of the three new methods.
How can android-based trigonometry learning improve the math learning process?
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Rohaeti Euis Eti , Hamidah Ida , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra
Published: January 2023

Using ICT-based interactive learning media is a learning method that strongly supports the teaching and learning process for students and teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This ICT-based learning media must be easily accessible to teachers and students, and one of the interactive media that is easily accessible is android-based learning media. This development research aims to design android-based learning media on valid trigonometric material and improve students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. This development research using the ADDIE model took 121 Ipeople consisting of expert validators, user (teacher), and students. The expert validators consisted of one mathematics education material expert and one ICT expert. Meanwhile, user represented by one mathematics teacher were involved in validating the use of the media design. In addition, there were participants from among students, which included 118 class X high school students throughout the Province of West Java, Indonesia, who took part in a limited trial phase of 20 people, an extensive trial of 50 people, and a product trial of 48 people. A sample of 118 students came from high school in the medium cluster. So, the reason for taking the sample represents the condition of students both on the island of Java and in Indonesia. The results showed that the developed android-based learning media was valid and could be used without revision with a combined percentage of 87.33%, with details of material experts at 84%, media experts at 92%, and validation by mathematics teachers at 86%. The results of the practicality test on students of 81% showed that the Android-based learning media design had a strong response, so the learning media made were very practical to use. The product test results show that the achievement of mathematical critical thinking skills of students who learn to use android-based learning media is better than those who learn not to use android-based learning media.
Global trends in polycystic ovary syndrome research: A 10-year bibliometric analysis
Authors: Shi Na , Ma Hong-bo
Published: January 2023

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive metabolic disorders in women, significantly affecting the biological functionalities of ovaries. This disease has garnered enormous interest from researchers. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive research concerning assessing the current status and future trends in PCOS field. This study uses bibliometric tools to comprehensively analyze the PCOS-related research progress based on the literature in the past decade.

Methods

The reported PCOS literature in the past decade is downloaded from the Web of Science database. The bibliometric software is applied to analyze the co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence status.

Results

A total of 9936 publications imported into bibliometric tools for analysis show a sharp increase in the annual citations. The USA is dominant in terms of contribution in the field of PCOS, while China is making a significant contribution to the advancement of this field. Monash University is the most prolific institution with the highest H-index value. The contribution of University of Adelaide must be acknowledged. Legro RS and Teede HJ are the most active and influential authors in recent times, while Azziz R is the most contributed pioneer in this field. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism is the most active journal with the highest number of publications and citations. The pathogenesis of PCOS had been a long-term forefront of research. In recent years, the health management in PCOS prevention and long-term complications was attracting more and more attention. The keywords like “gut microbiota”, “microRNAs”, “apoptosis”, “Myo-inositol”, “TNF-alpha”, “androgen receptor”, and “Vitamin D-deficient” are considered the latest research topics.

Conclusion

The study comprehensively analyzes the current status and global trends in the PCOS field, providing a significant reference for researchers to explore this field effectively.
Modulating brain integrative actions as a new perspective on pharmacological approaches to neuropsychiatric diseases
Authors: Marcoli Manuela , Agnati Luigi F. , Franco Rafael , Cortelli Pietro , Anderlini Deanna , Guidolin Diego , Cervetto Chiara , Maura Guido
Published: January 2023

A critical aspect of drug development in the therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases is the “Target Problem”, that is, the selection of a proper target after not simply the etiopathological classification but rather the detection of the supposed structural and/or functional alterations in the brain networks. There are novel ways of approaching the development of drugs capable of overcoming or at least reducing the deficits without triggering deleterious side effects. For this purpose, a model of brain network organization is needed, and the main aspects of its integrative actions must also be established. Thus, to this aim we here propose an updated model of the brain as a hyper-network in which i) the penta-partite synapses are suggested as key nodes of the brain hyper-network and ii) interacting cell surface receptors appear as both decoders of signals arriving to the network and targets of central nervous system diseases. The integrative actions of the brain networks follow the “Russian Doll organization” including the micro (i.e., synaptic) and nano (i.e., molecular) levels. In this scenario, integrative actions result primarily from protein-protein interactions. Importantly, the macromolecular complexes arising from these interactions often have novel structural binding sites of allosteric nature. Taking G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as potential targets, GPCRs heteromers offer a way to increase the selectivity of pharmacological treatments if proper allosteric drugs are designed. This assumption is founded on the possible selectivity of allosteric interventions on G protein-coupled receptors especially when organized as “Receptor Mosaics” at penta-partite synapse level.
Spatiotemporal charging demand models for electric vehicles considering user strategies
Authors: Li Hengjie , Liang Daming , Zhou Yun , Shi Yiwei , Feng Donghan , Shi Shanshan
Published: January 2023

As the number of urban electric vehicles continues to increase, accurate prediction of the electric vehicle (EV) spatial and temporal distribution charging demand is of great importance for safely operating the power grid. Due to the uncertainty and variability of EV user charging and discharging strategies, the strategic factors behind user behavior become the key to influencing whether the charging demand prediction results are reasonable. As a result, this paper proposes a charging demand prediction model based on real-time data from Baidu map that can interpret EV user driving strategies and charging strategies based on the strategy learning capability of generative adversarial imitation learning. This paper first analyzes the correlation between strategy factors and SOC in user charging and discharging data, then describes establishing a 24-hour SOC prediction model for a single vehicle, and finally discusses building a spatiotemporal model of charging demand in the region on this basis. The results demonstrate that, while it can be combined with real-time traffic data, the method has better prediction accuracy and robustness compared with the current mainstream prediction methods and high application value.
Optimal planning of hybrid electric-hydrogen energy storage systems via multi-objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Xuan Juqin , Chen Zhuolin , Zheng Jieyun , Zhang Zhanghuang , Shi Ying
Published: January 2023

Abstract: In recent years, hydrogen is rapidly developing because it is environmentally friendly and sustainable. In this case, hydrogen energy storage systems (HESSs) can be widely used in the distribution network. The application of hybrid electric-hydrogen energy storage systems can solve the adverse effects caused by renewable energy access to the distribution network. In order to ensure the rationality and effectiveness of energy storage systems (ESSs) configuration, economic indicators of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and hydrogen energy storage systems, power loss, and voltage fluctuation are chosen as the fitness function in this paper. Meanwhile, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is used to solve Pareto non-dominated set of energy storage systems’ optimal configuration scheme, in which the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on information entropy weight (IEW) is used select the optimal solution in Pareto non-dominated solution set. Based on the extended IEEE-33 system and IEEE-69 system, the rationality of energy storage systems configuration scheme under 20% and 35% renewable energy penetration rate is analyzed. The simulation results show that the power loss can be reduced by 7.9%–22.8% and the voltage fluctuation can be reduced by 40.0%–71% when the renewable energy penetration rate is 20% and 35% respectively in IEEE-33 and 69 nodes systems. Therefore, it can be concluded that the locations and capacities of energy storage systems obtained by multi-objective particle swarm optimization can improve the distribution network stability and economy after accessing renewable generation.
Hosting capacity of distributed generation based on holomorphic embedding method in distribution networks
Authors: Xie Jiarui , Tang Fei , Qi Junfeng , Li Xinang , Lin Zhiyuan , Liu Zhuo , Guo Yuhan
Published: January 2023

Considering the voltage rise problem caused by integrating large-scale distributed generation into the distribution networks, a distributed generation hosting capacity assessment method based on the improved holomorphic embedding method is proposed. First, the relationship between distributed generator penetration and voltage at the access point is explored and voltage violation is used as a constraint to solve the hosting capacity. Secondly, a self-defined directional holomorphic embedding method is proposed based on the classical model, further, the safety region under voltage constraints is derived. The intersection of the bus trajectory with the boundary of the voltage constraint region is used as the criterion for judging the maximum hosting capacity of distributed generation under a single access scenario. Then, a sufficient number of distributed generation access scenarios are generated using Monte Carlo, and the proposed criterion is used to solve the hosting capacity under each scenario. The cumulative distribution curve is obtained by statistically solving admission capacity data, which can represent the relationship between the level of voltage violation risk and the hosting capacity of distributed generation. The validity and correctness of the proposed method are verified on the IEEE 22-bus distribution network.
State assessment of 110–220 kV intelligent substation based on multisensor fusion algorithm control and image vision
Authors: Zhao Weiyan , Cui Ao , Fang Ming , Yang Liang , Chen Kang , Gong Xuqiang
Published: January 2023

With the development of modern information technology, intelligent substation technology has been widely used, which greatly promotes the development of power grid. The information integration platform of intelligent substations realizes panoramic data collection and data sharing of substations. With the continuous development of the economy and society, it is crucial to improve the power regulation ability of intelligent substations, make scientific use of intelligent technology, and optimize the patrol level of intelligent substation patrol robots to better meet the operation needs of substations. In the actual substation construction, the flexibility of equipment utilization in intelligent substations should be fully considered. In addition, the number of substations should be controlled to improve the utilization efficiency of patrol robots. This paper mainly summarizes the monitoring technology of intelligent substations, the positioning technology of inspection robots, and the multi-sensor control technology to lay a foundation for the follow-up inspection work of intelligent substations.
Agriculture-related energy consumption, food policy, and CO2 emission reduction: New insights from Pakistan
Authors: Raza Muhammad Yousaf , Zhongpan Qiu , Pengju Wang
Published: January 2023

Fossil fuel energy consumption in the agriculture sector of Pakistan has created serious climate change issues, adding extremely to CO2 emissions, economic growth, and food production. The current research has investigated the most carbon-emitting agriculture factors based on human activities, such as transportation, land, multiple crops, distribution, and consumption under various crops. The study objective is to provide a roadmap for decarbonizing the food supply chain and its current framework toward food policy. The different machines and frameworks applied in agricultural farming can mitigate the CO2 emissions of the agriculture sector if renewable energy technologies (RETs) and renewable energy sources are organized with proper agrarian loads. The major concerns of this paper show a roadmap among a) CO2 emissions in the food supply chain and per capita CO2 emissions, b) food chain activities in the agriculture farming process, c) the agriculture output units and energy consumption, and d) the decarbonization of traditional agriculture and sustainable development in the agriculture sector. The analysis shows that the RETs and mitigation frameworks can lessen the CO2 emissions of farming depending on the type of farm and energy utilization. Finally, the present research highlights possibilities and opportunities for gaining CO2 emissions in crop production linked to Pakistan’s good management practices. In respect to agriculture efficiency and productivity, the government should increase the water, energy, and modern machinery for huge productivity and sustainability. Further policies are provided below.
Effect of anthropogenic forcing on increased winter precipitation in Southeast Asia from 1979 to 2014
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie , Wang Lin
Published: January 2023

Observations indicate that the winter precipitation over Southeast Asia (SEAP) shows significantly increased trends from 1979 to 2014, which can be partly reproduced under the historical all-forcing simulations from the 12 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models. By analyzing separate external forcings run with the Detection and Attribution experiments, we find that the effects of anthropogenic forcing rather than natural variation play a primary role in driving the increasing of SEAP trends simulated in the historical all-forcing experiments. Further analysis indicate that the observed increasing trend is closely associated with the decadal shift of the Southeast Asian precipitation after the mid-1990s, which could be also driven by anthropogenic forcing to some extent. Anthropogenic forcing can favor a La Niña-like pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the tropical Pacific and result in the decadal increase of SEAP via the enhanced zonal SST gradient and the Pacific Walker circulation. This study thus provides some evidence of the impacts of anthropogenic forcing to drive recent changes in the winter SEAP.
Living on the edge – An overview of invertebrates from groundwater habitats prone to extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Pop Maria Mirabela , Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Iepure Sanda
Published: January 2023

Groundwater ecosystems from cold polar and circumpolar regions, hot springs, as well as those developed in salt, gypsum or in volcanic rocks are one of the environments considered to exhibit extreme environmental conditions such as low (below 0°C) or high (over 45°C) temperatures, hypersaline waters, or with elevated content of toxic gases like hydrogen sulfide or methane. They represent the “unseen ecosystem beneath our feet” and are inhabited by a large diversity of organisms, persisting and flourishing under severe environmental conditions that are usually hostile to the majority of organisms. These types of groundwater ecosystems are remarkable “evolutionary hotspots” that witnessed the adaptive radiation of morphologically and ecologically diverse species, whereas the organisms living here are good models to understand the evolutionary processes and historical factors involved in speciation and adaptation to severe environmental conditions. Here, we provide an overview of the groundwater invertebrates living in continental groundwater habitats prone to extreme environmental conditions in one or more physico-chemical parameters. Invertebrates are represented by a wide variety of taxonomic groups, however dominated by crustaceans that show specific adaptations mostly metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral. Symbiotic associations among bacteria and invertebrates are also discussed enlightening this biological interaction as a potential adaptation of different groundwater invertebrates to cope with severe environmental conditions. Given the high pressures that anthropogenic activities pose on groundwater habitats worldwide, we predict that several of these highly specialized organisms will be prone to extinction in the near future. Finally, we highlight the knowledge gaps and future research approaches in these particular groundwater ecosystems by using integrative-omic studies besides the molecular approach to shed light on genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity at species and populational levels.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Diversity patterns and conservation of the Vigna spp. in Mozambique: A comprehensive study
Authors: Brilhante Miguel , Catarino Sílvia , Darbyshire Iain , Bandeira Salomão , Moldão Margarida , Duarte Maria Cristina , Romeiras Maria M.
Published: January 2023

Mozambique supports a high diversity of native legume species, including many Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs). Among them, the still understudied genus Vigna is a particularly notable and promising donor of favorable traits for crop improvement. This study aims to provide an updated overview of Vigna CWRs diversity in Mozambique, defining a conservation strategy for priority target taxa and areas. A checklist of Vigna taxa was prepared and using five criteria (taxonomic group, ethnobotanical value, global and regional distributions, and ex situ conservation status), the prioritization of each taxon was determined. The distribution of Vigna native to Mozambique was studied and diversity hotspots were detected; gaps in in situ conservation were analyzed by overlaying species distribution with Mozambique’s Protected Areas Network. Maps predicting the differences between future conditions and baseline values were performed to investigate expected changes in temperature and precipitation in Vigna’s occurrence areas. There are 21 Vigna native taxa occurring in Mozambique, with the Chimanimani Mountains and Mount Gorongosa, as diversity hotspots for the genus. Following the IUCN Red List criteria, 13 taxa are of Least Concern, while the remaining eight are currently Not Evaluated. According to their priority level for further conservation actions, 24% of the taxa are of high priority, 67% of medium priority, and 9% of low priority. The important hotspot of Chimanimani Mountains is among the areas most affected by the predicted future increase in temperature and reduction of rainfall. The obtained distribution and species richness maps, represent a relevant first tool to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of Protected Areas and IPAs of Mozambique for the conservation of Vigna CWRs. The in situ gap analysis showed that 52% of the Vigna taxa are unprotected; this could be overcome by establishing reserves in Vigna diversity centers, considering the different types of habitats to which the different taxa are adapted, and by increasing in situ protection for the high priority ones. The ex situ conservation of Vigna is very limited and storing seed collections of these CWRs, is an essential component in global food security, as some taxa seem suitable as donors of genetic material to increase resistance to pests and diseases, or to drought and salinity. Overall, we provide recommendations for future research, collecting, and management, to conserve Vigna CWR in Mozambique, providing new data for their sustainable use in crop enhancement, as well as proposing measures for future conservation programs.
Fine root dynamics and associated nutrient flux in Sal dominated forest ecosystems of Central Himalaya, India
Authors: Pandey Rachita , Bargali Surendra Singh , Bargali Kiran , Karki Himani , Kumar Munesh , Sahoo U. K.
Published: January 2023

The belowground systems of trees have a major role in forest functioning through absorption of water and nutrient cycling. This study deals with the fine root dynamics including fine root biomass, necromass, production, turnover, and nutrient return in transitional Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.) dominated sub-tropical forest ecosystems of Central Himalaya, India. Four sites namely, Site-1 (Kaladhungi), Site-2 (Fatehpur), Site-3 (Ranibagh), Site-4 (Amritpur) were selected in Sal forest within an elevational range between 405 and 580 m above sea level. The dominant and associated co-dominant species were selected from each site for the estimation of fine root dynamics by using sequential core and ingrowth core methods. The results revealed that the fine root biomass, necromass, and production were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by location, seasons, and soil properties. The fine root biomass and production decreased with increasing soil depth and also influenced by stand characteristics including tree density and basal area. The rainy season was most productive with maximum fine root biomass (507.37 kg ha–1) as well as fine root production (600.26 kg ha–1 season–1) in the dominant tree species S. robusta. Among the associated co-dominant tree species highest fine root biomass (330.48 kg ha–1) and fine root production (410.04 kg ha–1 season–1) was reported for Tectona grandis L. during the rainy season, while lowest fine root biomass (126.72 kg ha–1) and fine root production (195.59 kg ha–1 season–1) in the Glochidion velutinum Wight tree species during the winter season. Annual fine root production ranged from 460.26 to 1583.55 kg ha–1 yr –1, while turnover rate varied from 1.37 to 4.45 yr–1 across all the studied sites. The fine roots added carbon input of 154.38 to 564.20 kg ha–1 yr–1 and nitrogen input of 6.58 to 24.34 kg ha–1 yr–1 to the soil through annual flux. The study improves our understanding on fine root parameters under the influence of sites, soils and seasonal and spatial variation. The return of nutrients to the soil through fluxes from the roots illustrates the role of fine roots in carbon and nitrogen cycling of the forests and this potential can be harnessed to assess the long-term carbon and nitrogen pool estimations in forests and to plan and manage the forest ecosystems.
Regulation of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and neurodegenerative pathology by heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Authors: Schultheis Nicholas , Becker Robert , Berhanu Gelila , Kapral Alexander , Roseman Matthew , Shah Shalini , Connell Alyssa , Selleck Scott
Published: January 2023

Heparan sulfate modified proteins or proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an abundant class of cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules. They serve important co-receptor functions in the regulation of signaling as well as membrane trafficking. Many of these activities directly affect processes associated with neurodegeneration including uptake and export of Tau protein, disposition of Amyloid Precursor Protein-derived peptides, and regulation of autophagy. In this review we focus on the impact of HSPGs on autophagy, membrane trafficking, mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis, and lipid metabolism. Disruption of these processes are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and there is evidence that altering heparan sulfate structure and function could counter AD-associated pathological processes. Compromising presenilin function in several systems has provided instructive models for understanding the molecular and cellular underpinnings of AD. Disrupting presenilin function produces a constellation of cellular deficits including accumulation of lipid, disruption of autophagosome to lysosome traffic and reduction in mitochondrial size and number. Inhibition of heparan sulfate biosynthesis has opposing effects on all these cellular phenotypes, increasing mitochondrial size, stimulating autophagy flux to lysosomes, and reducing the level of intracellular lipid. These findings suggest a potential mechanism for countering pathology found in AD and related disorders by altering heparan sulfate structure and influencing cellular processes disrupted broadly in neurodegenerative disease. Vertebrate and invertebrate model systems, where the cellular machinery of autophagy and lipid metabolism are conserved, continue to provide important translational guideposts for designing interventions that address the root cause of neurodegenerative pathology.
DNA methylation and mRNA expression of glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 are associated with intracranial aneurysms in a gender-dependent manner
Authors: Xu Tianqi , Yu Xi , Zhou Shenjun , Wu Yiwen , Deng Xinpeng , Wu Yuefei , Wang Shiyi , Gao Xiang , Nie Sheng , Zhou Chenhui , Sun Jie , Huang Yi
Published: January 2023

Objective: We performed a case-control study to investigate the correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression of the glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTA4) gene and the risk of intracranial aneurysm (IA) in the Chinese Han population.

Methods: After propensity score matching, 44 pairs of cases and controls were collected in this study. Fasting blood samples were collected for DNA and RNA extraction within 24 h of admission. Nine CpG dinucleotides were selected from the GSTA4 promoter region for DNA methylation pyrosequencing. mRNA expression of GSTA4 was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In vitro cell experiments were conducted to verify the association between 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induced DNA hypomethylation and GSTA4 mRNA expression.

Results: The mean methylation level of GSTA4 was much lower in IA patients, especially in IA patients, especially in unruptured IA (UIA), than that in controls (IA vs. Control, p < .001; ruptured IA (RIA) vs. Control, p = .005; UIA vs. Control, p < .001). With sex stratification, we further found that the association between GSTA4 methylation and IA risk presented only in women (mean methylation level: IA vs. Control, p < .001; RIA vs. Control, p = .009; UIA vs. Control, p < .001). GSTA4 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the IA group than in the control group (p < .01) and negatively correlated with DNA methylation in all individuals (r = −.746, p < .001). DNA hypomethylation can increase GSTA4 mRNA expression in human primary artery smooth muscle cells. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that GSTA4 mean methylation (AUC = .80, p < .001) was a reliable predictor of women intracranial aneurysm, among which CpG 1 exhibited the best predictive value (AUC = .89, p < .001). In addition, GSTA4 expression levels could also predict the risk of IA in women (AUC = .87, p = .005).

Conclusion: Decreased DNA methylation and increased mRNA expression of the GSTA4 gene are associated with the risk of IA in women.
DeteX: A highly accurate software for detecting SNV and InDel in single and paired NGS data in cancer research
Authors: Cui Yunlong , Li Hongfeng , Liu Pengfei , Wang Hailong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Qu Hongzhu , Tian Caijuan , Fang Xiangdong
Published: January 2023

Graphical Abstract

Software running process and output results.
The host genetics affects gut microbiome diversity in Chinese depressed patients
Authors: Han Ke , Ji Lei , Wang Chenliu , Shao Yang , Chen Changfeng , Liu Liangjie , Feng Mofan , Yang Fengping , Wu Xi , Li Xingwang , Xie Qinglian , He Lin , Shi Yi , He Guang , Dong Zaiquan , Yu Tao
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiome and host genetics are both associated with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the molecular mechanisms among the associations are poorly understood, especially in the Asian, Chinese group. Our study applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) and genome-wide association analysis in the cohort with both gut sequencing data and genomics data. We reported the different gut microbiota characteristics between MDD and control groups in the Chinese group and further constructed the association between host genetics and the gut microbiome. Actinobacteria and Pseudomonades were found more in the MDD group. We found significant differences in the ACE and Chao indexes of alpha diversity while no discrepancy in beta diversity. We found three associations between host genetics with microbiome features: beta diversity and rs6108 (p = 8.65 × 10–9), Actinobacteria and rs77379751 (p = 8.56 × 10–9), and PWY-5913 and rs1775633082 (p = 4.54 × 10–8). A species of the Romboutsia genus was co-associated with the species of Ruminococcus gnavus in an internetwork through four genes: METTL8, ITGB2, OTULIN, and PROSER3, with a strict threshold (p < 5 × 10–4). Furthermore, our findings suggested that the gut microbiome diversity might affect microRNA expression in the brain and influenced SERPINA5 and other spatially close genes afterward. These findings suggest new linkages between depression and gut microbiome in Asian, Chinese people, which might be mediated by genes and microRNA regulation in space distance.
Effect of early postnatal supplementation of newborns with probiotic strain E. coli O83:K24:H31 on allergy incidence, dendritic cells, and microbiota
Authors: Súkeníková Lenka , Černý Viktor , Thon Tomáš , Roubalová Radka , Jirásková Zákostelská Zuzana , Novotná Olga , Petrásková Petra , Boráková Kristýna , Kocourková Ingrid , Lodinová-Žádníková Rája , Musil Zdeněk , Kolářová Libuše , Prokešová Ludmila , Valenta Zdeněk , Hrdý Jiří
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Probiotic administration seems to be a rational approach to promote maturation of the neonatal immune system. Mutual interaction of the microbiota with the host immune system is critical for the setting of appropriate immune responses including a tolerogenic one and thevmaintenance of homeostasis. On the other hand, our knowledge on the modes of actions of probiotics is still scarce.

Methods

In our study, probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was administered to neonates of allergic mothers (AMs; neonates with increased risk for allergy development) within 48 h after the delivery, and the impact of this early postnatal supplementation on allergy incidence and selected immune markers has been analyzed 10 years after the primary EcO83 administration.

Results

We have observed decreased allergy incidence in 10-year-old children supplemented with EcO83 (13 of 52 children were allergic) in comparison with non-supplemented children of AMs (16 of 42 children were allergic). The early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appeared to limit the allergy in the high-risk group (children of AMs) compared to that in the low-risk group (children of healthy mothers). Dendritic cells (DCs) in the peripheral blood of EcO83-supplemented children do not differ significantly in cell surface presence of CD83. The immunomodulatory capacity of EcO83 on DCs was tested in vitro as well. Both directly isolated myeloid and in vitro monocyte-derived DCs from cord blood increased CD83 expression together with interleukin (IL)-10 secretion after EcO83 stimulation. The effect of early postnatal EcO83 supplementation on the microbiota composition of 10-year-old children was characterized by next-generation sequencing, and we have not observed significant changes in the microbiota composition of EcO83-supplemented and non-supplemented children at the age of 10 years.

Conclusions

Early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appears to lower allergy incidence in children of AMs. It seems that the beneficial effect of EcO83 is mediated via modulation of DC functional capacities without impacting the microbiota composition. Larger-scale studies will be necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
Immunity against Delta and Omicron variants elicited by homologous inactivated vaccine booster in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yang Jiaqing , Lai Changchun , Wan Li , Xiong Shilong , Kong Weiya , Liu Zijian , Yu Pei , Chen Mingxiao , Mai Weikang , Khan Shahzad Akbar , Deng Min , Chen Lu , Lei Yu , Zhou Qiang , Yu Nan , Li Pingchao , Chen Zheng , Ji Tianxing
Published: January 2023

Background

A third mRNA vaccine booster is recommended to improve immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron variants elicited by the third dose of inactivated booster vaccine in KTRs remains unknown.

Methods

The blood parameters related to blood cells count, hepatic function, kidney function, heart injury and immunity were explored clinically from laboratory examinations. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody IgG titer was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular immunity was analyzed using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay.

Results

The results showed that there were no severe adverse effects and apparent changes of clinical laboratory biomarkers in KTRs and healthy volunteers (HVs) after homologous inactivated vaccine booster. A third dose of inactivated vaccine booster significantly increased anti-Ancestral-spike-trimer-IgG and anti-Ancestral-receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG titers in KTRs and HVs compared with the second vaccination. However, the anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG titers were significantly lower than anti-Ancestral-RBD-IgG titer in KTRs and HVs after the third dose. Notably, only 25.6% (10/39) and 10.3% (4/39) of KTRs had seropositivity for anti-Delta-RBD-IgG and anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG after booster, which were significantly lower than HVs (anti-Delta-RBD-IgG: 100%, anti-Omicron-RBD-IgG: 77.8%). Ancestral strain nucleocapsid protein and spike specific T cell frequency after booster was not significantly increased in KTRs compared with the second dose, significantly lower than that in HVs. Moreover, 33.3% (12/36), 14.3% (3/21) and 14.3% (3/21) of KTRs were positive for the Ancestral strain and Delta and Omicron spike-specific T cells, which were significantly lower than HVs (Ancestral: 80.8%, Delta: 53.8%, and Omicron: 57.7%).

Conclusions

A third dose of inactivated booster vaccine may significantly increase humoral immunity against the Ancestral strain in KTRs, while humoral and cellular immunity against the Delta and Omicron variants were still poor in KTRs.
Partially replacing cyclophosphamide with bendamustine in combination with cyclosporine A improves survival and reduces xenogeneic graft-versus-host-disease
Authors: Gilman Kristy E. , Cracchiolo Megan J. , Matiatos Andrew P. , Davini Dan W. , Simpson Richard J. , Katsanis Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) for treating hematological disorders is increasing, but the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (CY) has significantly improved outcomes following allo-HCT, but complications of viral reactivation due to delayed immune reconstitution or relapse remain. Other laboratories are evaluating the potential benefit of lowering the dose of CY given post-transplant, whereas our laboratory has been focusing on whether partially replacing CY with another DNA alkylating agent, bendamustine (BEN) may be advantageous in improving outcomes with allo-HCT.

Methods

Here, we utilized a xenogeneic GvHD (xGvHD) model in which immunodeficient NSG mice are infused with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results

We show that a lower dose of CY (25 mg/kg) given on days +3 and +4 or CY (75 mg/kg) given on only day +3 post-PBMC infusion is not sufficient for improving survival from xGvHD, but can be improved with the addition of BEN (15 mg/kg) on day +4 to day +3 CY (75 mg/kg). CY/BEN treated mice when combined with cyclosporine A (CSA) (10mg/kg daily from days +5 to +18 and thrice weekly thereafter), had improved outcomes over CY/CY +CSA treated mice. Infiltration of GvHD target organs was reduced in both CY/CY and CY/BEN treatment groups versus those receiving no treatment. CY/CY +CSA mice exhibited more severe xGvHD at day 10, marked by decreased serum albumin and increased intestinal permeability. CY/BEN treated mice had reductions in naïve, effector memory and Th17 polarized T cells. RNAseq analysis of splenocytes isolated from CY/CY and CY/BEN treated animals revealed increased gene set enrichment in multiple KEGG pathways related to cell migration, proliferation/differentiation, and inflammatory pathways, among others with CY/BEN treatment.

Conclusion

Together, we illustrate that the use of CY/BEN is safe and shows similar control of xGvHD to CY/CY, but when combined with CSA, survival with CY/BEN is significantly prolonged compared to CY/CY.
Computationally profiling peptide:MHC recognition by T-cell receptors and T-cell receptor-mimetic antibodies
Authors: Raybould Matthew I. J. , Nissley Daniel A. , Kumar Sandeep , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: January 2023

T-cell receptor-mimetic antibodies (TCRms) targeting disease-associated peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complexes (pMHCs) are set to become a major new drug modality. However, we lack a general understanding of how TCRms engage pMHC targets, which is crucial for predicting their specificity and safety. Several new structures of TCRm:pMHC complexes have become available in the past year, providing sufficient initial data for a holistic analysis of TCRms as a class of pMHC binding agents. Here, we profile the complete set of TCRm:pMHC complexes against representative TCR:pMHC complexes to quantify the TCR-likeness of their pMHC engagement. We find that intrinsic molecular differences between antibodies and TCRs lead to fundamentally different roles for their heavy/light chains and Complementarity-Determining Region loops during antigen recognition. The idiotypic properties of antibodies may increase the likelihood of TCRms engaging pMHCs with less peptide selectivity than TCRs. However, the pMHC recognition features of some TCRms, including the two TCRms currently in clinical trials, can be remarkably TCR-like. The insights gained from this study will aid in the rational design and optimisation of next-generation TCRms.