bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The GOODS-N Jansky VLA 10 GHz Pilot Survey: Sizes of Star-forming μJY Radio Sources
Authors: Murphy Eric J. , Momjian Emmanuel , Condon James J. , Chary Ranga-Ram , Dickinson Mark , Inami Hanae , Taylor Andrew R. , Weiner Benjamin J.
Published: April 2017

Our sensitive (

), high-resolution (FWHM

), 10 GHz image covering a single Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) primary beam (FWHM

) in the GOODS-N field contains 32 sources with

and optical and/or near-infrared (OIR) counterparts. Most are about as large as the star-forming regions that power them. Their median FWHM major axis is

, with rms scatter

. In units of the effective radius

that encloses half their flux, these radio sizes are

, with rms scatter

. These sizes are smaller than those measured at lower radio frequencies, but agree with dust emission sizes measured at mm/sub-mm wavelengths and extinction-corrected Hα sizes. We made a low-resolution (

) image with

better brightness sensitivity, in order to detect extended sources and measure matched-resolution spectral indices

. It contains six new sources with

and OIR counterparts. The median redshift of all 38 sources is

. The 19 sources with 1.4 GHz counterparts have a median spectral index of

, with rms scatter

. Including upper limits on α for sources not detected at 1.4 GHz flattens the median to

, suggesting that the μJy radio sources at higher redshifts—and hence those selected at higher rest-frame frequencies—may have flatter spectra. If the non-thermal spectral index is

, the median thermal fraction of sources selected at median rest-frame frequency

is ≳48%.
Muon Bundles as a Sign of Strangelets from the Universe
Authors: Kankiewicz P. , Rybczyński M. , Włodarczyk Z. , Wilk G.
Published: April 2017

Recently, the CERN ALICE experiment observed muon bundles of very high multiplicities in its dedicated cosmic ray (CR) run, thereby confirming similar findings from the LEP era at CERN (in the CosmoLEP project). Originally, it was argued that they apparently stem from the primary CRs with a heavy masses. We propose an alternative possibility arguing that muonic bundles of highest multiplicity are produced by strangelets, hypothetical stable lumps of strange quark matter infiltrating our universe. We also address the possibility of additionally deducing their directionality which could be of astrophysical interest. Significant evidence for anisotropy of arrival directions of the observed high-multiplicity muonic bundles is found. Estimated directionality suggests their possible extragalactic provenance.
The Twist of the Draped Interstellar Magnetic Field Ahead of the Heliopause: A Magnetic Reconnection Driven Rotational Discontinuity
Authors: Opher M. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M. , Zieger B. , Toth G.
Published: April 2017

Based on the difference between the orientation of the interstellar B
ISM and the solar magnetic fields, there was an expectation that the magnetic field direction would rotate dramatically across the heliopause (HP). However, the Voyager 1 spacecraft measured very little rotation across the HP. Previously, we showed that the B
ISM twists as it approaches the HP and acquires a strong T component (east–west). Here, we establish that reconnection in the eastern flank of the heliosphere is responsible for the twist. On the eastern flank the solar magnetic field has twisted into the positive N direction and reconnects with the southward pointing component of the B
ISM. Reconnection drives a rotational discontinuity (RD) that twists the B
ISM into the −T direction and propagates upstream in the interstellar medium toward the nose. The consequence is that the N component of B
ISM is reduced in a finite width band upstream of the HP. Voyager 1 currently measures angles (

) close to solar values. We present MHD simulations to support this scenario, suppressing reconnection in the nose region while allowing it in the flanks, consistent with recent ideas about reconnection suppression from diamagnetic drifts. The jump in plasma β (the plasma to magnetic pressure) across the nose of HP is much greater than in the flanks because the heliosheath β is greater there than in the flanks. Large-scale reconnection is therefore suppressed in the nose but not at the flanks. Simulation data suggest that B
ISM will return to its pristine value 10–15 au past the HP.
Interroger l’opacité d’une maladie : le saturnisme professionnel comme enjeu sanitaire, scientifique et politique dans la France du XIX e siècle
Authors: Rainhorn Judith
Published: April 2017

À travers le cas emblématique du saturnisme professionnel et de son principal vecteur, la céruse, massivement utilisée comme pigment de coloration de la peinture, l’article mène un questionnement historique sur les implications démographiques, économiques, politiques et sociales des conditions sanitaires de travail dans l’industrie envisagées en longue durée. Cette contribution cherche à éclairer les facteurs du maintien pendant un siècle d’un produit pourtant identifié comme toxique, c’est-à-dire les conditions de la fabrication de l’ignorance et de la construction de l’incertitude scientifique et technique, qui ont permis l’oblitération de la morbidité et de la mortalité des ouvriers — cérusiers et peintres en bâtiment — pendant un siècle. L’histoire de ce siècle de « négociation » éclaire le phénomène de construction socio-politique, statistique et savante de la maladie et les raisons de son invisibilité durable.
Les irréductibles (Grands-)Bretons : confier sa santé à ses compatriotes britanniques (France, 1815-1865)
Authors: Sage-Pranchère Nathalie
Published: April 2017

La France compte au xix e siècle un certain nombre de communautés de résidents britanniques dont l’installation découle d’activités économiques dans le domaine du commerce et de l’industrie ou s’inscrit dans une tradition ancienne de séjour outre-manche des élites britanniques. Ces communautés disposent de leurs propres médecins, formés au Royaume-Uni, et venus exercer en France au bénéfice de leurs compatriotes. Cet article vise à éclairer la manière dont les médecins britanniques ont su imposer leur pratique en dépit des exigences politiques et universitaires françaises dans un pays où l’exercice de la médecine est sévèrement réglementé et où l’exercice des étrangers est soumis à l’autorisation exceptionnelle du ministre de l’Intérieur. Il explore le soutien de la représentation diplomatique britannique à ces médecins mais aussi la mobilisation de réseaux au sein des élites françaises. Il interroge aussi une spécificité nationale de la pratique médicale, justifiant l’attachement des Britanniques à leurs soignants.
La tuberculose et la surpopulation urbaine en Espagne au début du XX e siècle
Authors: Miralles Buil Celia
Published: April 2017

Depuis le xix e siècle, de nombreux travaux ont tenté de comprendre si, oui ou non, la surpopulation urbaine était un facteur aggravant ou déclencheur de la tuberculose. À partir d’une étude de cas espagnole et catalane, cet article veut revenir sur ce lien de causalité en mettant en relation discours sur la maladie et parcours de vie des patients au début du xx e siècle. Il entend montrer comment se construit ce lien dans les discours des professionnels qui organisent la lutte contre la maladie à l’époque et cherche à comprendre quels impacts peuvent avoir ces représentations sur l’observation de la mortalité et de la morbidité tuberculeuse.
La profession et le marché des guides de montagne à Chamonix (1821-1892) : socio-économie historique d’une clôture
Authors: Martinoia Rozenn
Published: April 2017

Cet article contribue, dans une perspective de socio-économie historique, à l’analyse des processus de de clôture d’espace professionnel. Tandis que pour la plupart des professions réglementées, la fermeture est le résultat d’une stratégie revendicatrice d’une juridiction exclusive menée par un groupe professionnel, elle est, pour les guides de montagne, un acte fondateur aiguillonné par la puissance publique. Cet article se focalise sur un horizon temporel et un périmètre géographique cruciaux dans l’histoire du marché et de la profession de guide : Chamonix (1821-1892). Il témoigne empiriquement de la dépendance d’un espace professionnel fermé aux jeux d’acteurs ainsi que de sa réversibilité.
Le patriotisme dans l’œuvre d’Émile Mâle (1862-1954)
Authors: Maraval Raphaëlle
Published: April 2017

Le nationalisme a fait l’objet de nombreuses études et analyses. Il a ses historiens attitrés (Raoul Girardet, Michel Winock, Zeev Sternhell…) et ses figures de proue (de Boulanger ou Déroulède à Le Pen). Doit-on craindre d’être redondant en s’aventurant sur ce terrain de recherche ? Il nous semble que le prisme à travers lequel nous avons coutume d’aborder la question pour la période 1870-1950 (nationalisme républicain universaliste ou nationalisme conservateur intransigeant) ne prend pas suffisamment en compte l’existence, plus répandue qu’on ne le croit, d’un patriotisme ardent, sans être extrême, foncièrement républicain en même temps que conservateur. L’historien d’art religieux, Émile Mâle, nous paraît être une figure emblématique de ce courant de pensée.
Interpréter l’hyperlien en contexte pédagogique : éléments d’une sémiotique sociale
Authors: Saemmer Alexandra
Published: April 2017

L’article propose une approche de l’un des micro-dispositifs les plus caractéristiques du texte numérique, l’hyperlien. L’approche s’inscrit dans le cadre plus large d’un modèle d’interprétation du texte numérique qui s’intéresse à la fois aux « unités éditoriales », formes graphiques qui accueillent le lecteur sur la page-écran, et aux spécificités visuelles, manipulables et discursives du texte numérique lui-même. La méthodologie définie comme relevant d’une « sémiotique sociale », va cependant plus loin que la pratique d’éducation aux médias et à l’information qui consiste à décrypter des textes et images. Elle permet d’engager les apprenants dans une discussion collective et critique sur les éléments qui interviennent dans le processus d’interprétation : les limites du texte dans son contexte éditorial, médiatique et économique d’une part ; et d’autre part les interprétants, plus ou moins collectifs, qui sont relancés par les signes du texte médiatique mais qui préexistent aussi à celui-ci sous forme d’allants-de-soi, points de vue cristallisés et habitus. En guise d’exemple, l’article retrace les principales étapes d’une expérimentation pédagogique menée avec des étudiants universitaires constituées en « communautés interprétatives » à partir d’un site web de presse.
Le Voile du bonheur : le brûle-parfum, objet de sociabilité à la fin du XIX e siècle en France
Authors: Emery Elizabeth
Published: April 2017

Brûler du parfum occupe une place centrale dans  Le Voile du bonheur (1901), une pièce « imitée du chinois  » de l’homme d’État Georges Clemenceau. On examine ici la façon dont Clemenceau, un connaisseur de l’emploi culturel des parfums asiatiques, joue avec les stéréotypes littéraires du parfum pour proposer un autre modèle de sociabilité aux Français empêtrés dans des conflits politiques et religieux de la fin du xix e  siècle.
Plaidoyer en faveur des renifleurs d’odeurs littéraires : pour une mise à profit de l’élément olfactif dans l’analyse de la littérature romanesque de la fin du XIX e siècle
Authors: Borloz Sophie-Valentine
Published: April 2017

La littérature de la fin du xix e  siècle est riche en mentions d’odeurs, ce qui n’a pas échappé aux commentateurs de l’époque, mais n’a depuis lors que peu retenu l’intérêt de la critique. L’étude de ces odeurs révèle pourtant qu’elles s’organisent en système, tant à l’échelle d’une œuvre que dans la production romanesque de l’époque. Cet article se veut un appel à une attention plus marquée à ces odeurs littéraires, ainsi qu’à l’imaginaire olfactif dont elles témoignent.
Le parti pris des objets
Authors: Godin Christian
Published: April 2017

Avec Dagognet, le philosophe quitte son cabinet pour explorer l’atelier et l’usine, où le sujet surgit de ses objets.
Paysage Dagognet
Authors: Sicard Monique
Published: April 2017

Et si Dagognet, grand pédagogue, n’avait de cesse œuvré à rendre le monde plus habitable, pour lui, pour nous ?
Le corps des mots
Authors: Soriano Paul
Published: April 2017

Si Dagognet s’intéresse aux mots, c’est parce qu’ils constituent un entre-deux, entre le sensible et l’intelligible. Le premier de tous.
Souvenirs d’un disciple
Authors: Damien Robert
Published: April 2017

Un disciple de Dagognet témoigne ici, affectueusement, de sa relation avec ce maître paradoxal dont il n’a pas retenu seulement les enseignements mais aussi sa manière très particulière de les délivrer. Un mandarin iconoclaste ?
Le palmarès des lycées de France
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Yves
Published: April 2017

Un lycée Dagognet ? À Avallon peut-être, où il est décédé, ville dont le lycée porte le nom – charmant mais remplaçable – de « Lycée des Chaumes ».
Feasibility and Efficacy of a Shared Yoga Intervention for Sleep Disturbance in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Buchanan Diana Taibi , Vitiello Michael V. , Bennett Kimberly
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the current study was to test the feasibility and efficacy of a shared yoga (SY) program for sleep disturbance in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA). Participants (ages 50 to 72) with insomnia related to OA were randomized to 12 weeks of SY (
n
= 9) or individual yoga (IY;
n
= 7). The sample was 53% male and 41% self-identified as a race other than White/Caucasian. The groups did not significantly differ in class attendance, home practice, or change scores on efficacy outcomes. Pre–post comparisons in all participants showed statistically significant improvements on the Insomnia Severity Index and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System sleep disturbance scale. Findings support the overall feasibility of the program, both in the shared and individual formats. Efficacy data suggest that this yoga program may improve sleep, but given the study limitations, further research is needed to draw conclusions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(8), 45–52.]
Antibiotic Use and Kirschner Wire Fixation in Forefoot Surgery: A National Survey
Authors: Pace Gregory , Dellenbaugh Samuel , Stapinski Brian , Aydogan Umur , Bustillo Jorge , Juliano Paul
Published: April 2017

In foot and ankle patients, the use of Kirschner wires is common, and the population in the typical foot and ankle practice has higher rates of comorbidities associated with infection. This study assessed national trends regarding the use of postoperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery treated with percutaneous Kirschner wires. Attending physicians at foot and ankle fellowships were mailed a questionnaire that included 3 clinical vignettes containing questions on the use of postoperative antibiotics in patients treated with percutaneous Kirschner wires. A total of 112 physicians were identified; 64 physicians (57%) returned the survey. In the first case of a nondiabetic patient, 16 physicians (25%) indicated they would place the patient on postoperative antibiotics for an average of 9.4 days with an average duration of Kirschner wire fixation of 35.1 days. In the second case of a non-neuropathic diabetic patient, 18 surgeons (28%) indicated they would place the patient on postoperative antibiotics for an average of 13.8 days with an average duration of Kirschner wire fixation of 35.4 days. In the third case of a diabetic patient with neuropathy, 19 physicians (32%) indicated they would place the patient on postoperative antibiotics for an average of 14.5 days with an average duration of Kirschner wire fixation of 36.7 days. Few attending physicians at orthopedic foot and ankle fellowships placed their patients treated with percutaneous Kirschner wires on postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, even in diabetic patients for whom an increased risk of infection has been documented. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(4):e594–e597.]
Short Stem Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Periprosthetic Type A Fracture
Authors: Saltzman Bryan M. , Leroux Timothy , Collins Michael J. , Arns Thomas A. , Forsythe Brian
Published: April 2017

Alterations have been made over the years to the standard reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) prosthetic components in an effort to decrease adverse events; this has led to the advent of a short humeral stem prosthesis. To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports describing the complication of a traumatic periprosthetic Wright and Cofield classification type A fracture with use of a short metaphyseal humeral stem component for RTSA. The authors describe a 49-year-old woman with this pathology who was treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a proximal humerus locking plate, unicortical and bicortical screw fixation, and a cerclage wire construct without the need to violate the shoulder joint or revise components. Three months postoperatively, she was instructed to begin active range of motion in physical therapy. At 13 months postoperatively, the patient rated her pain level at an average 5 of 10 in severity, with active assisted scaption to 125°, external rotation to 15°, and internal rotation to L5. Radiographs at this time revealed a well-healed fracture. This not only indicates the previously unreported occurrence of such a complication pattern, which was thought rare with the advent of the short humeral RTSA stem, but also provides a viable intraoperative strategy for open reduction and internal fixation with a proximal humerus locking plate, unicortical and bicortical screw fixation, and a cerclage wire construct without the need to violate the shoulder joint. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e721–e724.]
A Modified Cloud-Based Cryptographic Agent for Cloud Data Integrity
Authors: Hathout Basma Badawi , Ghoniemy Samy , Ibrahim Osman
Published: April 2017

In spite of all the advantages delivered by cloud computing, several challenges are hindering the migration of customer software and data into the cloud. On top of the list is the security and privacy concerns arising from the storage and processing of sensitive data on remote machines that are not owned, or even managed by the customers themselves. In this paper, initially a homomorphic encryption-based Cryptographic Agent is proposed. The proposed Cryptographic Agent is based on Paillier scheme, and is supported by user-configurable software protection and data privacy categorization agents, as well as set of accountable auditing services required to achieve legal compliance and certification. This scheme was tested using different text documents with different sizes. Testing results showed that as the size of the document increases, the size of the generated key increases dramatically causing a major problem in regards to the processing time and the file size especially for large documents. This leaded us to the second part of this research which is: a modified security architecture that adds two major autonomic security detective agents to the multi-agent architecture of cloud data storage. In this paper, we focus on the first agent namely (Automated Master Agent, AMA) that is added to the Multi Agent System Architecture (MASA) layer (cloud client-side) by which any changes happen in the document are mapped in a QR code encoded key print (KP). Experimental results after integrating these agents showed a 100% alternation detection accuracy and a superiority in extracting the KP of large and very large size documents which exceeds the currently available products and leverage the tamper-proof capabilities of cryptographic coprocessors to establish a secure execution domain in the computing cloud that is physically and logically protected from unauthorized access.
Immersive Virtual Reality in Improving Communication Skills in Children with Autism
Authors: Halabi Osama , Elseoud Samir A. , Alja'am Jihad M. , Alpona Hena , Al-Hemadi Moza , Al-Hassan Dabia
Published: April 2017

Individuals in the Autism Spectrum often encounter situations where they have to respond to questions and situations that they do not know how to respond to, such as, questions asked by strangers including ones related to daily-life activities. A variety of research has been done to improve social and communication impairments in children with autism using technology. Immersive virtual reality is a relatively recent technology with a potential to bring an effective solution and used as a therapeutic tool to develop different skills. This paper presents a virtual reality solution to reduce the gap experienced by autistic children due to their inability to establish a communication. An interactive scenario-based system that uses role-play and turn-taking technique was implemented to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of immersive environment on the social performance of an autistic child. Preliminary testing of the system demonstrated the feasibility of VR-based system as a took for improving the communication skill in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children. The results of the comparative usability study show the effectiveness of immersive VR in motivating and satisfying the autistic.
A Sentiment Analysis Tool for Determining the Promotional Success of Fashion Images on Instagram
Authors: AbdelFattah Mohamed , Galal Dahab , Hassan Nada , Elzanfaly Doaa , Tallent Greg
Published: April 2017

Sentiment Analysis (SA) or Opinion Mining is the process of analysing natural language texts to detect an emotion or a pattern of emotions towards a certain product to make a decision about that product. SA is a topic of text mining, Natural Language Processing (NLP) and web mining disciplines. Research in SA is currently at its peak given the amount of data generated from social media networks. The concept is that consumers are expressing exactly what they need, want and expect from a product but on the other hand the companies don’t have the tools to analyse and understand these feelings to satisfy these consumers accordingly. 

One of the applications that generate a high rate of reactions and sentiments in social networks is Instagram. This study focuses on analysing the reactions generated by the top 50 fashion houses on Instagram given their top 20 images with the highest number of likes. The approach taken in this study is to qualify the visual aesthetics of fashion images and to establish why some succeed on social media more than others. 

The basic question asked in this paper is whether there are certain visual aesthetics that appeal more to the user and are therefore more successful on social media than others as determined by a measure we introduce, ‘Social Value’. To do so, a sentiment analysis tool is developed to measure the proposed social value of each image. An input of comments from each image will be processed. Each comment will go through a pre-processing phase; each word will be placed through a lexicon to identify if it is positive or negative. The output of the lexicon is a score value assigned to each comment to identify its degree of positivity, negativity, or it has no effect on the social value. Adding to these results, the number of likes and shares would also be taken into consideration quantifying the image’s value. A cumulative result is then produced to determine the social value of an image.
A Cloud-based Malware Detection Framework
Authors: Ahmed Eman , Sorrour Amin A. , Sobh Mohamed A. , Bahaa-Eldin Ayman M.
Published: April 2017

Malwares are increasing rapidly. The nature of distribution and effects of malwares attacking several applications requires a real-time response. Therefore, a high performance detection platform is required. In this paper, Hadoop is utilized to perform static binary search and detection for malwares and viruses in portable executable files deployed mainly on the cloud. The paper presents an approach used to map the portable executable files to Hadoop compatible files. The Boyer–Moore-Horspool Search algorithm is modified to benefit from the distribution of Hadoop. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using a standard virus database and the system is found to outperform similar platforms.
Blocking Allergic Reaction through Targeting Surface-Bound IgE with Low-Affinity Anti-IgE Antibodies
Authors: Zhang Ke , Liu Jeffrey , Truong Thao , Zukin Elyssa , Chen Wendy , Saxon Andrew
Published: April 2017

Allergic disorders have now become a major worldwide public health issue, but the effective treatment options remain limited. We report a novel approach to block allergic reactivity by targeting the surface-bound IgE of the allergic effector cells via low-affinity anti-human IgE Abs with dissociation constants in the 10−6 to 10−8 M range. We demonstrated that these low-affinity anti-IgE mAbs bind to the cell surface–bound IgE without triggering anaphylactic degranulation even at high concentration, albeit they would weakly upregulate CD203c expression on basophils. This is in contrast to the high-affinity anti-IgE mAbs that trigger anaphylactic degranulation at low concentration. Instead, the low-affinity anti-IgE mAbs profoundly block human peanut- and cat-allergic IgE-mediated basophil CD63 induction indicative of anaphylactic degranulation; suppress peanut-, cat-, and dansyl-specific IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis; and attenuate dansyl IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in human FcεRIα transgenic mouse model. Mechanistic studies reveal that the ability of allergic reaction blockade by the low-affinity anti-IgE mAbs was correlated with their capacity to downregulate the surface IgE and FcεRI level on human basophils and the human FcεRIα transgenic mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells via driving internalization of the IgE/FcεRI complex. Our studies demonstrate that targeting surface-bound IgE with low-affinity anti-IgE Abs is capable of suppressing allergic reactivity while displaying an excellent safety profile, indicating that use of low-affinity anti-IgE mAbs holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
Ecología de invasiones marinas en Chile continental: ¿Qué sabemos y que nos falta por saber?
Authors: Villaseñor Parada Cristóbal , Pauchard Aníbal , C. Macaya Erasmo
Published: April 2017

La costa chilena presenta menos reportes de especies introducidas respecto a otras costas a nivel mundial, lo que podría corresponder a un fenómeno natural generado por condiciones oceanográficas, o bien a un artefacto producido por falta de información disponible. Mediante el análisis de 71 trabajos indexados en Web of Science, relacionados con ecología de invasiones marinas en la costa chilena, publicados entre 1998-2014, determinamos el estado actual de esta disciplina en Chile, e identificamos las tendencias de las investigaciones realizadas. La mayoría de las publicaciones se relacionan con especies en etapa de naturalización, y pocas con especies invasoras. El número de publicaciones por año incrementa linealmente, sugiriendo un creciente interés de la comunidad científica respecto al tema. La cantidad de información disponible (i.e., número de publicaciones) no es homogénea entre las regiones administrativas, y la mayoría de los trabajos son realizados sectores puntuales dentro de cada región (usualmente cercanos a la capital regional). Regiones con alto tráfico marítimo (e.g., Valparaíso, Magallanes) han sido muy poco estudiadas. A excepción de la región de Coquimbo y Los Lagos, los trabajos por región apuntan a unos pocos taxa. Muy pocos trabajos abarcan grandes escalas espaciales, aunque varios de ellos realizan experimentos a escalas de tiempo mayores (e.g., mensual, anual). Nuestros resultados permiten sugerir que el número de especies reportadas como introducidas en Chile podría estar subestimado. Observaciones en terreno, actualización periódica de catastros y utilización de herramientas moleculares, son propuestos como medidas para una mayor comprensión del tema a nivel nacional.
B-glucanos, su producción y propiedades en microalgas con énfasis en el género Nannochloropsis (Ochrophyta, Eustigmatales)
Authors: Espinoza Gallardo Diego , Contreras Porcia Loretto , Ehrenfeld Nicole
Published: April 2017

Las microalgas son microorganismos eucariontes fotosintéticos capaces de producir una amplia gama de compuestos de interés comercial, tales como vitaminas, antioxidantes, ácidos grasos omega-3 e inmunoestimulantes como los B-glucanos. Los B-glucanos son polímeros de D-glucosa unidos por enlaces B-1,3 o B-1,4 los cuales pueden presentar ramificaciones de enlaces B-1,6. Los más conocidos en microalgas son el paramilón (presente en euglenoides) y la crisolaminarina (presente en diatomeas). En el género Nannochloropsis, (Ochrophyta), la secuenciación de los genomas y los transcriptomas de algunas de sus especies ha evidenciado que también serían capaces de sintetizar B-glucanos de enlaces B-1,3 con ramificaciones B-1,6. Si bien, existen pocos estudios con respecto a dichos compuestos en estas especies, se sugiere que corresponderían a moléculas de reserva energética de carbono, que reemplazan el almidón y que presentan un comportamiento similar al de los lípidos de reserva como el triacilglicerol (TAG). Por lo que, pueden competir por las mismas moléculas precursoras derivadas de la fijación de carbono. La presencia de los B-glucanos junto con su caracterización y la validación de sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud humana, pueden otorgar un potencial interés económico al cultivo de Nannochloropsis. Estos cultivos, han adquirido un enorme interés debido a su alto contenido de TAG para la producción de biodiesel o ácido eicosapentanoico (EPA) para la alimentación de rotíferos, peces y humanos con fines nutracéuticos. Esta revisión tiene como finalidad evidenciar las propiedades de los B-glucanos en microalgas y el uso potencial de Nannochloropsis en la producción de esas moléculas.
Composición de Prosobranchia-Pulmonata (Mollusca:Gastropoda), asociada a la zona intermareal rocosa en la Región Marina Prioritaria 32, Guerrero, México
Authors: Torreblanca Ramírez Carmina , Flores Garza Rafael , Flores Rodríguez Pedro , García Ibáñez Sergio , Michel Morfín Jesús Emilio , Rosas Acevedo José Luis , Valdés González Arcadio
Published: April 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue la descripción de la taxocenosis de las subclases Prosobranchia y Pulmonata (clase Gastropoda), asociados a la zona intermareal rocosa de la Región Marina Prioritaria 32, Guerrero, México. Basada en la riqueza de especies, la composición de la comunidad a partir de la representación de las familias, se evaluó la abundancia, distribución geográfica de las especies, se estimó los estadísticos descriptivos de las tallas (en largo) de las poblaciones y la diversidad. El muestreo se llevó a cabo en 7 sitios, la unidad de muestreo fue de 1 m-2 y el área de muestreo de 10 m-2. Se identificaron 104 especies de prosobranquios y 4 de pulmonados. Las familias Columbellidae y Muricidae fueron las mejores representadas en riqueza de especies y la familia Muricidae en abundancia. Acanthais triangularis se consideró como la representativa de la zona, la especie Macrocypraea cervinetta mostró la mayor talla. Además, 23 especies presentaron amplia distribución, 27 distribución regular y 54 distribución restringida. Veintiocho especies estuvieron representadas por un único organismo, y 6 especies por 2 organismos, estas especies son consideradas raras. Las especies raras se encontraron en las estaciones cuya característica de exposición del oleaje es de bajo a medio. La riqueza de especies fue alta y corresponde a lo esperado en una zona tropical.
Identificación de zonas propicias para el desarrollo larval de la macarela del Pacífico (Scomber japonicus) en la porción sur de la Corriente de California
Authors: Anaya Godínez Eduardo , Funes Rodríguez René , Hinojosa Medina Alejandro T. , González Acosta Adrián F. , Ortíz Galindo José L. , González Rodríguez Eduardo , Landaeta Mauricio F.
Published: April 2017

El tamaño larval es una variable importante para entender los cambios en el desarrollo y la identificación de un entorno adecuado para el crecimiento y la supervivencia larval. Las larvas de la macarela del Pacífico (Scomber japonicus) presentan un lento crecimiento durante las primeras fases del desarrollo (6-8 mm de LE); posteriormente, la velocidad de crecimiento aumenta, pero el desarrollo depende principalmente de la temperatura y del alimento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las zonas y temporadas propicias para el desarrollo larval de S. japonicus, en relación a la temperatura superficial del mar y la biomasa del zooplancton, frente a la costa occidental de la Península de Baja California (~25-32°N) del 2006 al 2010. Las larvas de la macarela del Pacífico mostraron la mayor amplitud en su distribución espacial en primavera, pero con mayor abundancia restringida frente a Punta Eugenia (~28°N) durante el verano. Los cambios en su distribución, estuvieron bajo la influencia del flujo geostrófico y la variabilidad térmica. El análisis de regresión lineal permitió identificar zonas propicias para el desarrollo de larvas, con un menor desarrollo en primavera, relacionado con un intervalo estrecho de temperaturas y niveles de biomasas del zooplancton comparativamente bajos. En contraste, durante el verano el mayor incremento en la altura del cuerpo (B) fue relacionado con un amplio intervalo de temperaturas, mientras que su baja variabilidad (error estándar) coincidió con altos niveles de biomasa del zooplancton. Se considera que las condiciones térmicas y de disponibilidad de alimento favorecen un óptimo desarrollo larval particularmente en la época de verano.
Deformidades vertebrales en el bagre Ariopsis felis (Siluriformes: Ariidae) en el sureste de México
Authors: Wakida Kusunoki Armando T. , Amador del Ángel Luis Enrique
Published: April 2017

On 2 July, 2014 in the docking of the Copesmar fishing cooperative in Frontera, Tabasco, Mexico, an Ariopsis felis specimen was captured, which displayed kyphosis and scoliosis of the vertebral column, diagnosed by high resolution X-ray. This is the first report of axial skeleton deformities in the genus Ariopsis.
Exploring entrepreneurial learning during formal business rescue processes: Insights from the South African experience
Authors: Burke-le Roux Anéa , Pretorius Marius
Published: April 2017

Orientation: Currently, little is known about entrepreneurial learning under turnaround and rescue conditions. A better understanding of the content dimensions as well as the factors that drive or restrain entrepreneurial learning during business rescue (BR) is relevant for theory and industry development.Research purpose: BR is a fairly new regime in South Africa that extends beyond turnaround practices. It is acknowledged that business failure can fuel cognitive processes and subsequently entrepreneurial learning but to what extent in the context of formal BR proceedings requires exploration. Practice suggests that the role of the business rescue practitioner (BRP) as ‘disproportionate influencer’ can affect the learning of filing entrepreneurs.Motivation for the study: In the absence of guidelines, this study set out to explore and make sense of the specific content dimensions that entrepreneurs learn during such proceedings to assist role players.Research design, approach and method: The research question for this exploratory investigation obtained first-hand accounts from subjects that have been directly involved in BR proceedings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. ‘Investigator triangulation’ was also used to extract as much richness and data as possible applying interpretative phenomenological analysis.Findings: We extracted three key content dimensions which entrepreneurs learned during BR: rescue process, business related and personal learnings. Entrepreneurs with ‘positive’ experiences of BR learned more than those with negative experiences. The key driving and restraining factors to entrepreneurial learning were both associated with the behaviour of the BRP.Practical/managerial implications: BR has introduced another dimension to learning from business failure. Understanding the content dimensions learned by entrepreneurs during BR broadens insights of the Regulator, BRPs and educators about the potential long-term effects of BR on the factors that can either drive or restrain learning during BR proceedings.Originality and value: The findings led to an enriched understanding of specific entrepreneurial learning content dimensions that take place under BR proceedings. It also directs future research into entrepreneurial learning when effected by BR.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Humans, Domesticated Animals, Ticks, and Mosquitoes, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Tian Huaiyu , Yu Pengbo , Chowell Gerardo , Li Shen , Wei Jing , Tian Hui , Lv Wen , Han Zongqi , Yang Jing , Huang Shanqian , Zhou Sen , Brownstein John S. , Wang Jingjun , Xu Bing
Published: April 2017

The first human infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was detected in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2013, although the virus had been reported in 13 other provinces of China since 2010. We collected and analyzed a total of 4,011 samples, including 936 human serum samples, 155 animal serum samples, 895 ticks, 1,950 mosquitoes, 30 midges, and 20 sandflies. SFTSV antibodies were found in 44 human samples (4.7%) with no significant differences between males and females or across counties. The incidence rate of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome was significantly higher among individuals 20–60 years of age. Moreover, SFTSV-specific antibodies were detected in goats (66.7%), cattle (13.2%), and dogs (15.0%), but not in pigs (0%). We detected the virus in Haemaphysalis concinna ticks with a prevalence rate of 21.3% (17/80 pools). All mosquito, midge, and sandfly samples were negative for SFTSV. These results support wide circulation of the virus in western China. Haemaphysalis concinna ticks may serve as a novel SFTSV vector, and the role of these ticks requires further investigation.
Infective Endocarditis in French West Indies: A 13-Year Observational Study
Authors: Fernandes Elisabeth , Olive Claude , Inamo Jocelyn , Roques François , Cabié André , Hochedez Patrick
Published: April 2017

We conducted an observational study to describe the characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in French West Indies (FWI) and to identify variables associated with in-hospital case fatality. The records of the patients admitted for IE to the University Hospital of Martinique between 2000 and 2012 were collected using an electronic case report form. Only Duke-Li definite cases were considered for this analysis. Variables associated with in-hospital mortality were tested using univariate logistic regression analysis. The analysis included 201 patients (median age 58 years, sex ratio: two males to one female). There was no previously known heart disease in 45.8%, a prosthetic valve in 21.4%, and previously known native valve disease in 32.8% of the cases. Community-acquired IE represented 59.7% of all cases, health-care-associated IE represented 38.3% and injection-drug-use-acquired IE represented 1.5%. Locations of IE were distributed as follows: 42.3% were mitral valve IE, 34.8% were aortic valve IE, and 7% were right-sided IE. Microorganisms recovered from blood cultures included 30.4% streptococci, 28.9% staphylococci, and 5% enterococci. Blood cultures were negative in 20.9% of the cases. Surgical treatment was performed in 53% of the patients. In-hospital case fatality rate was 19%. Advanced age, Staphylococcus aureus IE, and health-care-associated IE were associated with in-hospital case fatality. The epidemiological and microbiological profile of IE in FWI is in between those observed in developed countries and developing countries: patients were younger, blood cultures were more frequently negative, and IE due to group D streptococci and enterococci were less common than in industrialized countries.
Serologic Monitoring of Public Health Interventions against Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Vargas Paola , Krolewiecki Alejandro J. , Echazú Adriana , Juarez Marisa , Cajal Pamela , Gil Jose F. , Caro Nicolás , Nasser Julio , Lammie Patrick , Cimino Rubén O.
Published: April 2017

Northwestern Argentina is endemic for soil-transmitted helminths, and annual deworming programs are carried out in prioritized areas. High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis was reported in this area; therefore, control programs including ivermectin are being evaluated. The NIE-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for this purpose. In this community trial, two groups of patients, classified according to housing and living conditions were evaluated. Simultaneous with baseline survey, Group 1 was moved to new households with access to improved water and sanitation facilities (W and S), where deworming (MDA, massive drug administration) took place within 1 month; whereas Group 2 received MDA but remained living with unimproved W and S. The mean time interval between baseline and the follow-up was 331 days for Group 1 and 508 for Group 2. Anti-NIE levels were measured for each individual before and after interventions and follow-up optical density (OD) ratios were calculated to quantify the variation. A significant decrease of the anti-NIE levels between baseline and follow-up was observed in both groups. Nonetheless, the number of patients that achieved the cure criteria (OD ratio < 0.6) was higher in Group 1 than Group 2 with values of 72.7% (24/33) and 45.0% (18/40), respectively (P = 0.0197). Our results support the conclusion that a combined intervention including deworming and improvements in life conditions is more effective, in terms of the proportion of subjects cured than deworming alone. Furthermore, we found that NIE-ELISA is a useful test for assessing the response to treatment and to evaluate the outcome of control intervention programs.
Factors Associated with the Duration of Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea among Children in Rural Western Kenya Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, 2008–2012
Authors: Schilling Katharine A. , Omore Richard , Derado Gordana , Ayers Tracy , Ochieng John B. , Farag Tamer H. , Nasrin Dilruba , Panchalingam Sandra , Nataro James P. , Kotloff Karen L. , Levine Myron M. , Oundo Joseph , Parsons Michelle B. , Bopp Cheryl , Laserson Kayla , Stauber Christine E. , Rothenberg Richard , Breiman Robert F. , O'Reilly Ciara E. , Mintz Eric D.
Published: April 2017

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death among young children worldwide. As rates of acute diarrhea (AD; 1–6 days duration) have decreased, persistent diarrhea (PD; > 14 days duration) accounts for a greater proportion of the diarrheal disease burden. We describe factors associated with the duration of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in Kenyan children < 5 years old enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. We found 587 (58%) children experienced AD, 360 (35%) had prolonged acute diarrhea (ProAD; 7–13 days duration), and 73 (7%) had PD. We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model to identify factors associated with diarrheal duration. Risk factors independently associated with longer diarrheal duration included infection with Cryptosporidium (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.868, P = 0.035), using an unimproved drinking water source (HR: 0.87, P = 0.035), and being stunted at enrollment (HR: 0.026, P < 0.0001). Diarrheal illness of extended duration appears to be multifactorial; given its association with adverse health and development outcomes, effective strategies should be implemented to reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal illness. Effective treatments for Cryptosporidium should be identified, interventions to improve drinking water are imperative, and nutrition should be improved through exclusive breastfeeding in infants ≤ 6 months and appropriate continued feeding practices for ill children.
Association of Interferon-γ Receptor-1 Gene Polymorphism with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Infection among Iranian Patients with Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Saif Shima , Farnia Parissa , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: April 2017

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause significant pulmonary infections in humans. Researchers have reported an association between interferon-gamma receptor-1 (IFN-γR1 or IFNGR1) deficiency and susceptibility to NTM, but the relevance of polymorphism within these genes is not yet clear. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), T to C, at position-56 in NTM patients with pulmonary disease was investigated. Molecular identification of Mycobacterium isolates was performed with hsp65 genes using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Then, the host genomic DNA from confirmed NTM patients (N = 80) and control subjects (N = 80) were screened for SNPs of IFNGR1 (T-56C) by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that NTM patients had higher TC (26/80; 32.5%) or CC (46/80; 57.5%) genotypes in comparison with control groups (TC genotypes [22/80, 27.5%]; CC genotypes [6/80, 7.5%]) (P < 0.05). In this regard, all the patients infected with rapid-growing Mycobacterium (RGM, i.e., Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum) had CC genotypes (100%). In contrary, only 50.7% (35/69) of infected patients with slow-growing Mycobacterium (i.e., Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare) had CC genotypes. Thus, patients with CC mutation in IFNGR1 at position-56 are more likely to develop RGM infection. In overall, there is a significant association between SNP of IFNGR1 at position-56 and susceptibility to NTM infection. Based on these data, we propose SNP of IFNGR1 at position-56 as a suitable “biomarker” for identifying populations at higher risk of infection.
Risk Factors for Podoconiosis: Kamwenge District, Western Uganda, September 2015
Authors: Kihembo Christine , Masiira Ben , Lali William Z. , Matwale Gabriel K. , Matovu Joseph K. B. , Kaharuza Frank , Ario Alex R. , Nabukenya Immaculate , Makumbi Issa , Musenero Monica , Zhu Bao-Ping , Nanyunja Miriam
Published: April 2017

Podoconiosis, a noninfectious elephantiasis, is a disabling neglected tropical disease. In August 2015, an elephantiasis case-cluster was reported in Kamwenge District, western Uganda. We investigated to identify the disease's nature and risk factors. We defined a suspected podoconiosis case as onset in a Kamwenge resident of bilateral asymmetrical lower limb swelling lasting ≥ 1 month, plus ≥ 1 of the following associated symptoms: skin itching, burning sensation, plantar edema, lymph ooze, prominent skin markings, rigid toes, or mossy papillomata. A probable case was a suspected case with negative microfilaria antigen immunochromatographic card test (ruling out filarial elephantiasis). We conducted active case-finding. In a case–control investigation, we tested the hypothesis that the disease was caused by prolonged foot skin exposure to irritant soils, using 40 probable case-persons and 80 asymptomatic village control-persons, individually matched by age and sex. We collected soil samples to characterize irritants. We identified 52 suspected (including 40 probable) cases with onset from 1980 to 2015. Prevalence rates increased with age; annual incidence (by reported onset of disease) was stable over time at 2.9/100,000. We found that 93% (37/40) of cases and 68% (54/80) of controls never wore shoes at work (Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio [ORMH] = 7.7; 95% [confidence interval] CI = 2.0–30); 80% (32/40) of cases and 49% (39/80) of controls never wore shoes at home (ORMH = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.8–15); and 70% (27/39) of cases and 44% (35/79) of controls washed feet at day end (versus immediately after work) (OR = 11; 95% CI = 2.1–56). Soil samples were characterized as rich black-red volcanic clays. In conclusion, this reported elephantiasis is podoconiosis associated with prolonged foot exposure to volcanic soil. We recommended foot hygiene and universal use of protective shoes.