bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of rectangular type batch ohmic heater to identify the cold point
Authors: Choi Won , Kim Sang‐Soon , Park Sang‐Hyun , Ahn Jun‐Bae , Kang Dong‐Hyun
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research was to precisely simulate the temperature distribution and inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by batch ohmic heating pasteurization of orange juice based on a time‐dependent numerical model. A finite element method (FEM) embedded with pathogen inactivation codes using Java language simultaneously solved electric heating, k‐ε turbulent flow, and heat transfer equations and dealt with natural heat losses through the walls and air as the boundary conditions. The simulated temperature distribution and populations of E. coli O157:H7 did not differ from the experimental data for every treatment time within a relative error of 6.0%. A cold point problem was observed in the bottom corner, which was more severe for large orange juice samples, leading to an increased treatment time in order to ensure a 5‐log reduction of E. coli O157:H7.
Estimating the connectedness of commodity futures using a network approach
Authors: Xiao Binqing , Yu Honghai , Fang Libing , Ding Sifang
Published: December 2019

Using a network approach of variance decompositions, we measure the connectedness of 18 commodity futures and characterize both static and dynamic connectedness. Our results show that metal futures are net transmitters of shocks to other futures, and agricultural futures are vulnerable to shocks from the others. Furthermore, almost two‐thirds of the volatility uncertainty for commodity futures are due to the connectedness of shocks across the futures market. Dynamically, we find connectedness always increases in times of turmoil. An analysis of connectedness networks suggests that investors could be forewarned that the connectedness of various classes of futures could threaten their portfolios.
Futures market hedging efficiency in a new futures exchange: Effects of trade partner diversification
Authors: Oglend Atle , Straume Hans‐Martin
Published: December 2019

This paper uses transaction data to examine hedging efficiency in a new futures exchange; the Fish Pool salmon futures exchange in Norway. The paper utilizes data on firm‐level exporter/importer transaction prices to quantify firm‐level futures hedging efficiency. This allows us to address heterogeneity in hedging efficiency and basis risk at the firm level. The main result of this paper shows that larger firms with greater trade partner diversification have lower basis risk. Such firms align their internal transaction price closer to the common spot price in the market, which encourages greater futures market participation. Results are discussed in light of recent declines in participation in the salmon futures exchange.
A new environmental and spatial approach to the Tiwanaku World Heritage site (Bolivia) using remote sensing (UAV and satellite images)
Authors: Pérez González María E. , Gallego Revilla José I.
Published: December 2019

This paper analyses the research carried out in the Tiwanaku World Heritage site in Bolivia, using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite images. The combined use of images with different scales has made it possible to locate many archaeological structures unknown to date (drainage systems, walls, circular crop marks, and a possible dock). The Sentinel‐2 images, which were processed using principal components analysis and histogram equalization, show the river beds, flood‐prone areas, and several buried drainage channels surrounding the most important structures. The archaeological evidence obtained with the digital terrain model and natural color/multispectral images enables us to contrast a new dimension of land and water uses that go beyond what was known to date. In the same way, these images enable us to understand in detail the environmental characteristics, land use, building distribution, and flood defense structures of the Tiwanaku culture throughout its history, within the context of the environmental conditions of the Bolivian altiplano. This study allowed the authors to collect new information and pose questions on the relationship of this site with water, as well as a better understanding of the extent and habitat of this historical population.
Scherverhalten von acrylatischen Injektionskörpern
Authors: Boley Conrad , Forouzandeh Yashar , Wagner Simone , Pratter Paul
Published: December 2019

Porenrauminjektionen mit Acrylatgel werden zur Festigkeitssteigerung und zur Abdichtung des Baugrunds durchgeführt. Um die Standsicherheit eines Bauwerks nach dem Injektionsvorgang zuverlässig beurteilen zu können, müssen die Injektionskörper auf ihr bodenmechanisches Verhalten untersucht werden. Das Bruchverhalten wird hierbei häufig mit dem Mohr‐Coulombschen Bruchkriterium für Boden und Fels abgebildet. Experimentelle Laborversuche an Acrylatgel‐Injektionskörpern haben gezeigt, dass der Zuwachs der Scherfestigkeit bei steigender Normalspannung nichtlinear ist und in der Konsequenz mit dem Mohr‐Coulombschen Bruchkriterium die Festigkeit des Injektionskörpers überschätzt wird. Auf dieser Erkenntnis aufbauend wurden an einer Baugrube numerische Vergleichsberechnungen durchgeführt. In den Berechnungen wurden u. a. die Bruchkriterien nach Mohr‐Coulomb und Hoek‐Brown berücksichtigt. Basierend auf den experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen wird ein für die Baupraxis relevantes Bruchkriterium für Acrylatgel‐Injektionskörper vorgestellt, das es ermöglicht, die Festigkeit bzw. die Standsicherheit eines Bauwerks zutreffend beurteilen zu können.
Endoscopic Ultrasound/Fine Needle Aspiration Is Effective for Lymph Node Staging in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Malikowski Thomas , Levy Michael J. , Gleeson Ferga C. , Storm Andrew C. , Vargas Eric J. , Topazian Mark D. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Iyer Prasad G. , Rajan Elizabeth , Gores Gregory J. , Roberts Lewis R. , Chandrasekhara Vinay
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims

Presence of malignant regional lymph nodes (MRLNs) precludes curative oncological resection or liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Limited data support the utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)/fine needle aspiration (FNA) for detection of MRLNs in extrahepatic CCA, but there are no data for its role in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the staging impact of EUS for CCA, including analysis by subtype.

Approach and Results

We identified consecutive patients with CCA who underwent EUS staging at a single tertiary care center from October 2014 to April 2018. Among this cohort, we abstracted clinical demographic, radiographical, procedural, cytopathological, and surgical data. STATA 15 software was used for comparative analysis calculations (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). The study cohort included 157 patients; 24 (15%), 124 (79%), and 9 (6%) with intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA, respectively. EUS was able to identify regional lymph nodes (RLNs) in a higher percentage of patients compared to cross‐sectional imaging (86% vs. 47%; P < 0.001). FNA was performed in 133 (98.5%) patients with RLNs, with a median of three passes per node. EUS‐FNA identified MRLN in 27 of 31 (87.1%) patients ultimately found to have MRLNs. For iCCA, EUS detected a higher percentage of RLN compared to cross‐sectional imaging (83% vs. 50%; P = 0.048), with MRLNs identified in 4 (17%) patients. Among the entire cohort, identification of at least one MRLN by EUS was associated with lower median survival (353 vs. 1,050 days; P < 0.001) and increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 4.1; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

EUS‐FNA is effective for identifying MRLN in patients with CCA, and should be routinely incorporated into staging of all CCA subtypes given the impact of MRLN on prognosis and management decisions.
Community health promotion programs for older adults: What helps and hinders implementation
Authors: Sims‐Gould Joanie , Franke Thea , Lusina‐Furst Sarah , McKay Heather A.
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims

Despite the many known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens in many countries. Regular PA significantly decreases the odds of functional limitation and social disengagement. However, there is a dearth of publicly funded support services for older adults. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a formative evaluation to examine the implementation of community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods

The Active Aging Grant (AAG) initiative funded 30 community‐based organizations in British Columbia to design and deliver community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults, with an explicit focus on PA and social connectedness. Guided by the Framework for Successful Implementation, we recruited program coordinators and participants and used semistructured interview guides to focus on design, delivery, and experience within the program. Framework analysis was used with NVivo 11.

Results

Thirty‐six in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in 2017, after program completion. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 coordinators and 26 program participants from seven of the organizations. Eighteen were female; nine were male; 68% fell in the age range of 65‐84. We detail the innovation characteristics, provider characteristics, and contextual factors that facilitate and impede program implementation. Aspects that facilitate implementation include that they promote PA, foster social connectedness, and address isolation and loneliness; personal accountability; affordability; program design; providers' appropriate skills; community collaborations; and transportation support. Aspects that hinder implementation include lack of resources for marketing and communications, lack of volunteers and dedicated staff, and access to transportation. We also highlight two themes that emerged outside the theoretical framework, the roles of gender and funding in program implementation.

Conclusions

As part of a formative evaluation, the information will help adapt and enhance implementation of a larger scale‐out intervention aimed to increase PA and social connectedness amongst older adults in British Columbia, Canada.
Nootropic effect of neferine on aluminium chloride–induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental models
Authors: Yin Shuaizeng , Ran Qin , Yang Jin , Zhao Yuhua , Li Chenyu
Published: December 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐associated neurodegenerative disease, which is developed by oxidative stress and acetylcholine contraction in the synaptic cleft of the neurons. This leads to dementia, memory loss, and decrease in learning ability and orientation. In this research work, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of neferine on AlCl3‐induced AD in rats. The results of our study revealed that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the hippocampus leads to the development of AD in the rats. The oral treatment of neferine done the following occurrences such as; it potentially inhibited the ROS formation and acts as a scavenging molecule by preventing the neurodegeneration. It also improved the memory and learning ability to complete the maze activity in the AD rats and significantly increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione in neferine treated AD rats. It aggressively declined the activity of acetylcholine esterase and Na+K+ATPase in the neurodegenerative rat models. The gene expression pattern of neuroinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were decreased in the neferine‐treated rats. The neuroinflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and nuclear factor kappa β (Nf‐κβ) were decreased and Nf‐κβ inhibitor IKBα was increased in the neferine‐treated AD rats. Finally, the histology study proved that the neferine treatment possibly prevents neurodegeneration in the hippocampus tissue of the AD models. Hence, these all findings concluded that the neferine could be a potential neuropreventive as well as neurodegenerative therapeutic compound in neurological and cognitive dysfunction.
Wortmannin targeting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase suppresses angiogenic factors in shear‐stressed endothelial cells
Authors: Gomes Anderson M. , Pinto Thais S. , da Costa Fernandes Célio J. , da Silva Rodrigo A. , Zambuzzi Willian F.
Published: December 2019

Modifications on shear stress‐based mechanical forces are associated with pathophysiological susceptibility and their effect on endothelial cells (EC) needs to be better addressed looking for comprehending the cellular and molecular mechanisms. This prompted us to better evaluate the effects of shear stress in human primary venous EC obtained from the umbilical cord, using an in vitro model to mimic the laminar blood flow, reaching an intensity 1–4 Pa. First, our data shows there is a significant up‐expression of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) in shear‐stressed cells culminating downstream with an up‐phosphorylation of AKT and up‐expression of MAPK‐ERK, concomitant to a dynamic cytoskeleton rearrangement upon integrin subunits (α4 and ß 3) requirements. Importantly, the results show there is significant involvement of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nNOS, and vascular endothelial growth factors receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in shear‐stressed EC, while cell cycle‐related events seem to being changed. Additionally, although diminution of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in shear‐stressed EC, suggesting a global repression of genes transcription, the promoters of PI3K and eNOS genes were significantly hydroxymethylated corroborating with their respective transcriptional profiles. Finally, to better address, the pivotal role of PI3K in shear‐stressed EC we have revisited these biological issues by wortmannin targeting PI3K signaling and the data shows a dependency of PI3K signaling in controlling the expression of VGFR1, VGFR2, VEGF, and eNOS, once these genes were significantly suppressed in the presence of the inhibitor, as well as transcripts from Ki67 and CDK2 genes. Finally, our data still shows a coupling between PI3K and the epigenetic landscape of shear‐stressed cells, once wortmannin promotes a significant suppression of ten‐11 translocation 1 (TET1), TET2, and TET3 genes, evidencing that PI3K signaling is a necessary upstream pathway to modulate TET‐related genes. In this study we determined the major mechanotransduction pathway by which blood flow driven shear stress activates PI3K which plays a pivotal role on guaranteeing endothelial cell phenotype and vascular homeostasis, opening novel perspectives to understand the molecular basis of pathophysiological disorders related with the vascular system.
At the borders of the average man: Adolphe Quêtelet on mental, moral, and criminal monstrosities
Authors: Sposini Filippo Maria
Published: December 2019

This study examines Adolphe Quêtelet's conception of deviance. It investigates how he identified social marginalities and what actions he recommended governments to undertake. To get a close understanding of his views, this paper examines three cases of “monstrosities,” namely mental alienation, drunkenness, and criminality. My main thesis is that Quêtelet provided scientific authority to a conception of deviance as sickness, immorality, and cost thus encouraging legislators to use statistics for containing social marginalities. The case of alienation shows that Quêtelet viewed insanity as a pathology of civilization to be understood through phrenology. The case of drunkenness demonstrates how Quêtelet conflated the notion of statistical mean with moral decency. The case of criminality illustrates Quêtelet's major concern with the cost of criminals for the state. While advocating for the perfectibility of mankind, Quêtelet urged governments to take actions against what he considered the monstrosities of society.
High levels of pretreatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Nicaragua: results from the first nationally representative survey, 2016
Authors: Girón‐Callejas Amalia , García‐Morales Claudia , Mendizabal‐Burastero Ricardo , Román Matilde , Tapia‐Trejo Daniela , Pérez‐García Marissa , Quiroz‐Morales Verónica S , Juárez Sandra I , Ravasi Giovanni , Vargas Carlos , Gutiérrez René , Romero Luz , Solórzano Aleyda , Sajquim Edgar , Northbrook Sanny , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo
Published: December 2019

Introduction

A nationally representative HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) survey in Nicaragua was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pretreatment HIVDR (PDR) among antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiators and acquired HIVDR among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had received ART for 12 ± 3 months (ADR12) and ≥48 months (ADR48).

Methods

A nationwide cross‐sectional survey with a two‐stage cluster sampling was conducted from March to November 2016. Nineteen of 45 total ART clinics representing >90% of the national cohort of adults on ART were included. ART initiators were defined as PLHIV initiating or reinitiating first‐line ART. HIVDR was assessed for protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase Sanger sequences using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Viral load (VL) suppression was defined as <1000 copies/mL. Results were weighted according to the survey design.

Results and discussion

A total of 638 participants were enrolled (PDR: 171; ADR12: 114; ADR48: 353). The proportion of ART initiators with prior exposure to antiretrovirals (ARVs) was 12.3% (95% CI: 5.8% to 24.3%). PDR prevalence to any drug was 23.4% (95% CI: 14.4% to 35.6%), and 19.3% (95% CI: 12.2% to 29.1%) to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI). NNRTI PDR was higher in ART initiators with previous ARV exposure compared with those with no exposure (76.2% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001). Protease inhibitors (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors PDR was not observed. VL suppression rate was 77.8% (95% CI: 67.1% to 85.8%) in ADR12 and 70.3% (95% CI: 66.7% to 73.8%) in ADR48. ADR12 prevalence to any drug among PLHIV without VL suppression was 85.1% (95% CI: 66.1% to 94.4%), 82.4% to NNRTI and 70.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). ADR48 prevalence to any drug among PLHIV without VL suppression was 75.5% (95% CI: 63.5% to 84.5 %), 70.7% to NNRTI, 59.4% to NRTI and 4.6% to PI.

Conclusions

Despite implementation challenges yielding low‐precision HIVDR estimates, high rates of NNRTI PDR were observed in Nicaragua, suggesting consideration of non‐NNRTI‐based first‐line regimens for ART initiators. Strengthened HIVDR monitoring, systematic VL testing, and improved ART adherence support are also warranted.
A retrospective cohort study on peri‐implant complications in implants up to 10 years of functional loading in periodontally compromised patients
Authors: Pandolfi Andrea , Rinaldo Francesca , Pasqualotto Debora , Sorrentino Fabiola , La Torre Giuseppe , Guerra Fabrizio
Published: December 2019

Background

Prevalence of peri‐implantitis is directly proportional to the time of functional loading. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the survival and success rates as well as the incidence of peri‐implantitis among patients with a history of periodontitis and among implants with 1 to 10 years of functional loading.

Methods

We evaluated clinical records of periodontally compromised patients treated between January 1998 and July 2002, with implants enrolled in a supportive periodontal and peri‐implant treatment follow‐up program. The following assessment indexes during follow‐up were recorded: suppuration on probing, modified bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, bone changes, and criteria of success of Albrektsson.

Results

Clinical data of 475 patients with 1,991 implants were analyzed for a period of 10 years of functional loading. The survival and success rates were 91.8% and 75.4%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of peri‐implantitis among patients was 24.4%. The survival rate was 96.1%, and the success rate was 83.7% among implants.

The incidence of peri‐implantitis exhibited a peak rate after the seventh year (2.1%). The prevalence of peri‐implantitis increased from 3.2% to 9.7% between 5 and 10 years of follow‐up, and the peri‐implantitis rate among implants was 12.9% after 10 years of functional loading.

Conclusion

Peri‐implantitis begins to appear more frequently after the fifth year of functional loading, especially between the seventh and eighth years of function.
Comparison between two different techniques for peri‐implant soft tissue augmentation: Porcine dermal matrix graft versus tenting screw
Authors: Verardi Simone , Orsini Marco , Lombardi Teresa , Ausenda Federico , Testori Tiziano , Pulici Alessandro , Oreglia Francesco , Valente Nicola Alberto , Stacchi Claudio
Published: December 2019

Background

The thickness of the soft tissues around dental implants is crucial for both the preservation of the marginal bone and esthetic profile. Many authors have showed the thickened soft tissues favor a better peri‐implant bone stability; however, different thickening techniques can be used for this aim.

Methods

Forty‐seven patients were enrolled in this study, each one had one implant included in this analysis. According to the thickening procedure, patients were assigned into group A (porcine dermal matrix, n = 24) or B (healing abutment used as tenting screw to sustain the soft tissues, n = 23), soft tissue thickness was measured after flap elevation in a standardized way. Six months after implant placement, implants were uncovered and soft tissue thickness measured again.

Results

At second stage, 6 months after implant placement, the mean vertical thickness was 3.01 ± 0.58 mm in group A and 2.25 ± 0.53 mm in group B. The difference between the two groups at 6 months was significant (P < 0.001). The mean vertical gain in group A was 1.33 ± 0.71 mm, whereas it was 0.43 ± 0.55 mm in group B. This difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of a healing abutment for “tenting effect” has limited efficacy to obtain a significant increase in soft tissue thickness. The use of a porcine dermal matrix at time of implant placement is effective to thicken peri‐implant tissues.
Clinical presentation and surgical outcomes in primary aldosteronism differ by race
Authors: Gershuni Victoria M. , Ermer Jae P. , Kelz Rachel R. , Roses Robert E. , Cohen Debbie L. , Trerotola Scott O. , Fraker Douglas L. , Wachtel Heather
Published: December 2019

Background

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension; early diagnosis and intervention correlate with outcomes. We hypothesized that race may influence clinical presentation and outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with PA (1997‐2017) who underwent adrenal vein sampling (AVS). Patients were classified by self‐reported race as black or non‐black. Improvement was defined as postoperative decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP), antihypertensive medications (AHM), or both.

Results

Among patients undergoing AVS (n = 443), 287 underwent adrenalectomy. Black patients (28.2%) had higher body mass index (33.9 vs 31.8 kg/m2;P = .01), longer median duration of hypertension (12 vs 10 years;P = .003), higher modified Elixhauser comorbidity index (2 vs 1;P = .004), and lower median income ($47 134 vs $78 280;P < .001). Black patients had similar aldosterone:renin ratios (150 vs 135.6 [ng/dL]/[ng·mL·−1hr−1];P = .23) compared to non‐blacks. At long‐term follow‐up, black patients had a similar requirement for AHM (1 vs 0;P = .13) but higher MAP (100.6 vs 95.3 mm Hg;P = .004).

Conclusion

Black patients present with longer duration of hypertension and more comorbidities. They are equally likely to lateralize on AVS, suggesting similar disease phenotype. However, black patients demonstrate less improvement with adrenalectomy; this may reflect a delay in diagnosis or concomitant essential hypertension.
Combination of ultrasound‐assisted ethyl chloroformate derivatization and switchable solvent liquid‐phase microextraction for the sensitive determination of l‐methionine in human plasma by GC–MS
Authors: Erarpat Sezin , Bodur Süleyman , Öztürk Er Elif , Bakırdere Sezgin
Published: December 2019

A green and fast analytical method for the determination of l‐methionine in human plasma is presented in this study. Preconcentration of the analyte was carried out by switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction after ethyl chloroformate derivatization reaction. Instrumental detection of the analyte was performed by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. N,N‐Dimethyl benzylamine was used in the synthesis of switchable solvent. Protonated N,N‐dimethyl benzylamine volume, volume/concentration of sodium hydroxide, and vortex period were meticulously fixed to their optimum values. Besides, ethyl chloroformate, pyridine, and ethanol volumes were optimized in order to get high derivatization yield. After the optimization studies, limit of detection and quantitation values were attained as 3.30 and 11.0 ng/g, respectively, by the developed switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method that corresponding to 76.7‐folds enhancement in detection power of the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system. Applicability and accuracy of the switchable solvent liquid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method were also checked by spiking experiments. Percent recovery results were ranged from 97.8 to 100.5% showing that human plasma samples could be analyzed for its l‐methionine level by the proposed method.
The power of the pen: Handwritten fonts promote haptic engagement
Authors: Izadi Anoosha , Patrick Vanessa M.
Published: December 2019

Consumers are increasingly bombarded with merchandise and offers, making clear the need for visually distinctive and sensorially engaging product packaging design. The current research demonstrates that the use of handwritten fonts on product packaging elicits an approach tendency and enhances haptic engagement, which influences product evaluation and choice likelihood. A pilot study quantifies the use of handwritten fonts in four grocery product categories to establish that the study of handwritten fonts as a packaging design element is a worthy one with managerial significance. Four experiments are then presented. Studies 1 and 2 use real products to show that a product label with a handwritten (vs. typewritten) font elicits haptic engagement and, enhanced product evaluations (Study 2). Study 3 identifies a boundary condition such that the focal effect is observed only for benign (safe and enjoyable) product categories, but not for risky (unsafe and dangerous) ones. Study 4 relies on a simulated store setup with actual products to illustrate the differential preference for products with a handwritten (vs. typewritten) font when choosing between brands in a benign (vs. risky) product category.
Variation at ACOT12 and CT62 locus represents susceptibility to psoriasis in Han population
Authors: Xing Jianxiao , Zhao Xincheng , Li Xiaofang , Wang Ying , Li Junqin , Hou Ruixia , Niu Xuping , Yin Guohua , Li Xinhua , Zhang Kaiming
Published: December 2019

Background

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, and genetic factors are reported to be involved in the disease pathogenesis. Many studies have named psoriasis candidate genes.

Objective

In this study, we determined the mutation frequency of 7 variable genes in 1,027 psoriatic patients and investigated its possible mechanism associated with psoriasis.

Method

A total of 7 variable genes from 1,027 psoriatic patients were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method. The mutation frequency was compared to that of non‐psoriatic individuals in Asia using information from databases.

Results

Among the 7 investigated genes, the mutation frequency of ACOT12 (c.80A>G, 9.98% vs. 5.85%, p < .05) and CT62 (c.476C>T,15.8% vs. 9.93%, p < .05) was found to be significantly higher than among non‐psoriatic Asian individuals. The mutation frequencies of CASZ1(c.599T>G), SPRED1(c.155A>G), and ACOT12 (c.80A>G) differed significantly between the groups organized by medical history, PASI, and family history. SPRED1 gene variants (17.25% vs. 7.78%, p < .01) showed a stronger association with the family history group at the onset of psoriasis than with the no family history group.

Conclusions

Our results provide a comprehensive correlation analysis of susceptibility genes in psoriasis patients. Clinical characteristics of patients play important roles in the development of psoriatic skin.
Over expression of METRN predicts poor clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Chihao , Xia Yan , Yu Jiwei
Published: December 2019

Background

The role of meteorin (METRN) in colorectal cancer has not been reported previously. We aimed to explore the relationship between METRN and colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis.

Methods

Data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene expression values were log2 transformed and normalized by quantile normalization. Missing values were imputed with the R impute package. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the R limma package. METRN expression was compared between normal and CRC tissues and among different stages and subtypes of CRC. We assessed the relationship between METRN and KRAS/BRAF mutations in CRC. Five‐year overall (OS), disease‐free (DFS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and analyzed by log‐rank test.

Results

METRN was expressed at a higher level in CRC (p = .0011) than in normal tissues, especially in advanced stages (p = .0343). METRN expression levels were higher in the MSI (dMMR) subtype (p < .001) and usually with BRAF mutations (p < .0001). METRN overexpression was associated with poor prognosis and low OS (p = .01014), DFS (p = .0146), and DSS (p < .0001) rates.

Conclusion

METRN overexpression is a predictive factor for poor prognosis in patients with CRC.
The effect of a short educational intervention in social insurance medicine: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lännerström Linda , Holmström Inger K. , Wallman Thorne
Published: December 2019

Aim

To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention in social insurance medicine with Registered Nurses.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Methods

The trial was performed in 20 primary healthcare centres in Central Sweden. The centres were randomly assigned as intervention or control. All Registered Nurses working with telephone nursing at the centres were invited (N = 114); out of these 100 agreed to participate and responded to a questionnaire at the beginning and end of the trial. Fourteen questions in the questionnaire dealt with professional background and were used as exposure variables and were analysed using nominal logistic regression.

Results

Registered Nurses in the centres randomly assigned for the intervention experienced handling sick leave questions as less problematic after the intervention than those in the control group. This indicated that the intervention was associated with a positive effect. However, due to the rather small study population, the effect was inconclusive.
The Environmental Foodprint of Obesity
Authors: Magkos Faidon , Tetens Inge , Bügel Susanne Gjedsted , Felby Claus , Schacht Simon Rønnow , Hill James O. , Ravussin Eric , Astrup Arne
Published: December 2019

Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) are linked to global warming and adverse climate changes. Meeting the needs of the increasing number of people on the planet presents a challenge for reducing total GHG burden. A further challenge may be the size of the average person on the planet and the increasing number of people with excess body weight. We used data on GHG emissions from various sources and estimated that obesity is associated with ~20% greater GHG emissions compared with the normal‐weight state. On a global scale, obesity contributes to an extra GHG emissions of ~49 megatons per year of CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) from oxidative metabolism due to greater metabolic demands, ~361 megatons per year of CO2eq from food production processes due to increased food intake, and ~290 megatons per year of CO2eq from automobile and air transportation due to greater body weight. Therefore, the total impact of obesity may be extra emissions of ~700 megatons per year of CO2eq, which is about 1.6% of worldwide GHG emissions. Inasmuch as obesity is an important contributor to global GHG burden, strategies to reduce its prevalence should prioritize efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Accordingly, reducing obesity may have considerable benefits for both public health and the environment.
Response of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate to androgen deprivation therapy predicts prostate cancer prognosis in radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Kato Masashi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Yamamoto Akiyuki , Ishida Ryo , Kamihira Osamu , Sano Tomoyasu , Majima Tsuyoshi , Ishida Shohei , Funahashi Yasuhito , Sassa Naoto , Fujita Takashi , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu , Tsuzuki Toyonori
Published: December 2019

Background

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) has a poor prognosis and is thought to be completely resistant to current therapies, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, to date, there are no data showing direct evidence of such resistance.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 145 patients with high‐risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with neoadjuvant ADT between 1991 and 2005. All patient data were collected from slides prepared from needle biopsy (NB) samples of prostate tissue and RP specimens. Data were analyzed in terms of serum level of prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score of NB samples, clinical T stage, the positive cancer core rate, maximum cancer extension rate, presence of Gleason pattern 5, and presence of IDC‐P in both NB samples and RP specimens.

Results

The median initial PSA was 33.2 ng/mL (range, 2.4‐296 ng/mL), and the median follow‐up period was 109 months (range, 11‐257 months). The preoperative median ADT period was 4 months (range, 1‐20 months). IDC‐P was present in 53 patients (37%) in NB samples and 65 (45%) in RP. The patients were divided into three groups based on the presence or absence of IDC‐P in NB/RP samples (IDC‐P‐negative at biopsy: 92 cases, IDC‐P‐positive at biopsy with IDC‐P disappearance: 15 cases, and IDC‐P‐positive at biopsy with IDC‐P persistence: 38 cases). Overall, 28% of IDC‐P‐positive cases in NB samples showed the disappearance of IDC‐P at RP. IDC‐P persistence cases showed the poorest prognosis, while IDC‐P disappearance cases had a similar prognosis to that of IDC‐P‐negative at biopsy cases in terms of disease‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival (P = .0018, P = .0087, and P = .0034, respectively).

Conclusions

Some cases with IDC‐P responded to ADT and demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes similar to those of cases without IDC‐P. These findings indicate that cases with IDC‐P are heterogeneous.
Orbital stabilization of nonlinear systems via the immersion and invariance technique
Authors: Ortega Romeo , Yi Bowen , Romero Jose Guadalupe , Astolfi Alessandro
Published: December 2019

Immersion and invariance is a technique for the design of stabilizing and adaptive controllers and state observers for nonlinear systems. In all these applications the problem considered is the stabilization of equilibrium points. Motivated by some modern applications, we show that the technique can also be used to solve the problem of orbital stabilization, where the final objective is to generate periodic solutions that are attractive. The feasibility of our result is illustrated by means of some classical mechanical engineering and power electronics examples.
Using hydroacoustics to relate fluctuations in fish abundance to river restoration efforts and environmental conditions in the Penobscot River, Maine
Authors: Scherelis Constantin , Zydlewski Gayle Barbin , Brady Damian C.
Published: December 2019

Quantifying change after large habitat restoration efforts is critical to assessing the effort's success. After river restoration activities, fish abundance is expected to increase and also fluctuates naturally by season and with environmental conditions. A side‐looking hydroacoustic system was used to estimate fish abundance in the Penobscot River, ME, from 2010 to 2016 during predam (2010–2013) and postdam (2014–2016) removal years during nonice periods. Automated data processing enabled continuous abundance estimates from fish tracks. A threefold increase in mean fish abundance was recorded after dam removal. A fourfold increase in median fish abundance occurred in the fall relative to spring and summer of the same year, regardless of dam presence. Interannual fish abundance in every season monitored increased at least twofold after dam removal. We related variability in fish abundance to tide, discharge, temperature, diurnal cycle, daylength, moon phase, and restoration activities (focusing on dam presence). Daylength corresponding to the fall and summer was the most important indicator for higher fish abundance. Fish abundance was generally greatest in the fall during outgoing tides at night, with lesser peaks occurring during the month of June at night. Before dam removal, fish abundance peaked when water temperature was less than 9.25°C, at night, during outgoing tides. After dam removal, fish abundance peaked when daylength was less than 11.3 hr, at night, during outgoing tides, when water temperature was above 4.56°C and no full moon was present. Peak fish abundance occurred during only 0.02–2.3% of the total time sampled. The threefold increase in fish abundance recorded after dam removal was observed despite yearly stocking efforts of adult alewife increasing 24% in postdam removal years. Finally, parallel studies of fish presence in the Penobscot River were used to compare the utility of this method as an indicator of fish abundance in response to dam removal.
Flossing DNA in a Dual Nanopore Device
Authors: Liu Xu , Zimny Philip , Zhang Yuning , Rana Ankit , Nagel Roland , Reisner Walter , Dunbar William B.
Published: December 2019

Solid‐state nanopores are a single‐molecule technique that can provide access to biomolecular information that is otherwise masked by ensemble averaging. A promising application uses pores and barcoding chemistries to map molecular motifs along single DNA molecules. Despite recent research breakthroughs, however, it remains challenging to overcome molecular noise to fully exploit single‐molecule data. Here, an active control technique termed “flossing” that uses a dual nanopore device is presented to trap a proteintagged DNA molecule and up to 100's of back‐and‐forth electrical scans of the molecule are performed in a few seconds. The protein motifs bound to 48.5 kb λ‐DNA are used as detectable features for active triggering of the bidirectional control. Molecular noise is suppressed by averaging the multiscan data to produce averaged intertag distance estimates that are comparable to their known values. Since nanopore feature‐mapping applications require DNA linearization when passing through the pore, a key advantage of flossing is that trans‐pore linearization is increased to >98% by the second scan, compared to 35% for single nanopore passage of the same set of molecules. In concert with barcoding methods, the dual‐pore flossing technique could enable genome mapping and structural variation applications, or mapping loci of epigenetic relevance.
Typification of Linnaean specific names in the genus Campanula (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo
Published: December 2019

The lectotypification of nine Linnaean names in the genus Campanula (C. decurrens, C. erinoides, C. graminifolia, C. hederacea, C. hybrida, C. linifolia, C. mollis, C. thyrsoides, C. uniflora) is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of Linnaeus's original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from LINN except for C. erinoides, C. graminifolia, and C. hybrida, which are lectotypified by illustrations of Hermann (1687), Barrelier (1714), and Morison (1680), respectively. An epitype is designated for C. graminifolia due to ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype.
Demotivating factors affecting the implementation of ISO 14001:2015 in Malaysia
Authors: Sorooshian Shahryar , Yee Lee Sue
Published: December 2019

Industrialization has brought with it environmental problems and the consequences of pollution, which has been affecting the world for decades. Immediate action is required to raise industry's awareness of its social responsibilities toward the environment. However, experience shows that companies that have obtained International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 14001:2015 certifications in Malaysia occupy but a small niche among the country's businesses. The purpose of this study is to assess the list of barriers and challenges to implementing and obtaining certifications under the ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System (EMS) by Malaysian firms. In addition, this study will rank these factors relative to their importance. This study is aimed at EMS experts at the Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.). The study uses mathematical pairwise comparisons to generate the list of critical challenges and barriers. Therefore, the study is expected to raise environmental awareness among Malaysia's industries regarding the adoption of ISO 14001:2015 standards. Furthermore, the study provides a guideline for Malaysia's industries and policy‐makers to provide them with a better understanding of the barriers and challenges that companies face in implementing ISO 14001:2015 EMS, and at the same time, help them understand the need to eliminate the difficulties of standard implementation.
Nonuniqueness of Green’s functions at special points
Authors: Natsuume Makoto , Okamura Takashi
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We investigate a new property of retarded Green’s functions using AdS/CFT. The Green's functions are not unique at special points in complex momentum space. This arises because there is no unique incoming mode at the horizon and is similar to the “pole­ skipping” phenomenon in holographic chaos. Our examples include the bulk scalar field, the bulk Maxwell vector and scalar modes, and the shear mode of gravitational perturbations. In these examples, the special points are always located at 𝜔★ = –i(2πT) with appropriate values of complex wave number.
Sphingosine is able to prevent and eliminate Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on different orthopedic implant materials in vitro
Authors: Beck Sascha , Sehl Carolin , Voortmann Sylvia , Verhasselt Hedda Luise , Edwards Michael J. , Buer Jan , Hasenberg Mike , Gulbins Erich , Becker Katrin Anne
Published: December 2019

Periprosthetic infection (PPI) is a devastating complication in joint replacement surgery. On the background of an aging population, the number of joint replacements and associated complications is expected to increase. The capability for biofilm formation and the increasing resistance of different microbes to antibiotics have complicated the treatment of PPI, requiring the need for the development of alternative treatment options. The bactericidal effect of the naturally occurring amino alcohol sphingosine has already been reported. In our study, we demonstrate the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine on three different strains of biofilm producingStaphylococcus epidermidis, representing one of the most frequent microbes involved in PPI. In an in vitro analysis, sphingosine’s capability for prevention and treatment of biofilm-contamination on different common orthopedic implant surfaces was tested. Coating titanium implant samples with sphingosine not only prevented implant contamination but also revealed a significant reduction of biofilm formation on the implant surfaces by 99.942%. When testing the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine on sessile biofilm-grownStaphylococcus epidermidis, sphingosine solution was capable to eliminate 99.999% of the bacteria on the different implant surfaces, i.e., titanium, steel, and polymethylmethacrylate. This study provides evidence on the antimicrobial efficacy of sphingosine for both planktonic and sessile biofilm-grownStaphylococcus epidermidison contaminated orthopedic implants. Sphingosine may provide an effective and cheap treatment option for prevention and reduction of infections in joint replacement surgery.

Key messages

• Here we established a novel technology for prevention of implant colonization by sphingosine-coating of orthopedic implant materials.

• Sphingosine-coating of orthopedic implants prevented bacterial colonization and significantly reduced biofilm formation on implant surfaces by 99.942%.

• Moreover, sphingosine solution was capable to eliminate 99.999% of sessile biofilm-grownStaphylococcus epidermidison different orthopedic implant surfaces.
F-18 FDG PET brain imaging in symptomatic arthroprosthetic cobaltism
Authors: Bridges Robert L. , Cho Christina S. , Beck Marc R. , Gessner Bradford D. , Tower Stephen S.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Imaging studies of cobalt toxicity from cobalt-chromium alloy arthroprosthetics have focused on the local intra-articular and peri-articular presentation from failing joint replacements. Most studies investigating neurological findings have been small case series focused on the clinical findings of memory loss, diminished executive function, tremor, hearing and vision loss, depression, and emotional lability. This study utilizes software-based quantitative analysis of brain metabolism to assess the degree of hypometabolism and areas of susceptibility, determine if a pattern of involvement exists, and measure reversibility of findings after prosthetic revision to cobalt-free appliances.

Methods

Over 48 months, 247 consecutive patients presenting to an orthopedic clinic with an arthroprosthetic joint containing any cobalt-chromium part were screened with whole blood and urine cobalt levels. A clinically validated inventory of 10 symptoms was obtained. Symptomatic patients with a blood cobalt level above 0.4 mcg/L or urine cobalt greater than 1 mcg/L underwent F-18 FDG PET brain imaging. Analysis was performed with FDA-approved quantitative brain analysis software with the pons as the reference region. Control group was the normal brain atlas within the software.

Results

Of the 247 consecutively screened patients, 123 had blood and urine cobalt levels above the threshold. The 69 scanned patients had statistically significant regional hypometabolism and higher symptoms inventory. Fifty-seven patients were retained in the study. Distribution of hypometabolism was in descending order: temporal, frontal, Broca’s areas, anterior cingulate, parietal, posterior cingulate, visual, sensorimotor, thalamic, and lastly caudate. Metal-on-metal (MoM) and metal-on-plastic (MoP) joint replacements produced similar patterns of hypometabolism. Of 15 patients with necessary revision surgery, 8 demonstrated improved metabolism when later re-scanned.

Conclusion

All scanned patients had regions of significant hypometabolism. Neurological toxicity from elevated systemic cobalt levels following arthroprosthetic joint replacement has a pattern of regional susceptibility similar to heavy metals and solvents, differing from classical dementias and may occur at blood and urine cobalt levels as low as 0.4 mcg/L and 1 mcg/L, respectively. Presently accepted thresholds for cobalt exposure and monitoring may need revision. Quantitative F-18 FDG PET brain imaging may aid in the decision process for treatment options and timing of possible medical versus surgical intervention.