bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, and Schizophrenia in Adolescents
Authors: Moment Lauren , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The effects of cannabis use on the brain, mind, and body have been studied for decades. The developing brain, particularly the adolescent and young adult brain, undergoes critical development that makes it especially susceptible to the effects of cannabis use. Among the adverse effects of cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood, psychosis and psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) have been examined. The association of cannabis use with schizophrenia was first elucidated in a Swedish study of army conscripts. Specifically, conscripts reported their cannabis use exposure and were followed longitudinally to assess the emergence of schizophrenia. The authors found that those who reported persistent cannabis use during adolescence had higher rates of schizophrenia diagnoses.\r Notwithstanding this correlation, a causal relationship has not yet been established between adolescent cannabis use and schizophrenia. Some believe that in the premorbid phase of schizophrenia, one may self-medicate with cannabis, accounting for the correlational relationship. However, this evidence is not supported by the literature. Prolonged, frequent use of exogenous cannabinoids such as phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids perturb the endocannabinoid system, particularly during the critical period of adolescence. Many researchers believe this perturbation contributes to psychosis and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this review, I demonstrate how cannabis may contribute to symptoms of psychosis and associated with diagnoses of schizophrenia. PubMed and Google Scholar were used with the following search terms "cannabis-induced psychosis" AND schizophrenia. These search terms were narrowed by clicking on "adolescent." Also, based on the diathesis-stress model, I explored how cannabis may be one of many neurological insults leading to the onset of schizophrenia. In the future, research should be conducted focusing on other drugs as a trigger for schizophrenia.
In Search of a Proper Role for First-Year Composition in the Two-Year Open-Enrollment College
Authors: Combs Stephen , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The search for a common model of instruction in first-year composition began in the 1960s when composition first began to separate from literature in college English departments. Because writing is essentially a methods course with no standard curriculum as one might find in physics or economics, a common model has been elusive. A sign that consensus may be developing came in 2011 when an alliance of three professional organizations published its "Framework for Success in Postsecondary Writing." Its recommendations consist of departures from some of the discipline’s long-cherished practices. Many of these recommendations appeared in scholarly articles more than three decades ago.
Federal Sentencing Disparities and Marginalized Offenders: Revisiting Cumulative Disadvantage Theory Through Individual-Level Variables
Authors: Terry April , Lockwood Ashley , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Over the past several decades, sentencing reforms have claimed to establish guidelines to reduce sentencing disparity; yet, recent studies continue to find discrepancies in sentencing outcomes. The current study explored individual factors using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission (FY 2010) to further analyze these variables through the lens of cumulative disadvantage theory. The factors included the influence of age, race, sex (gender), offense type, instant offense score, and overall criminal history score on sentencing length (in months). Hierarchical regression revealed being identified as Black, committing fraud/white collar crime or a property offense, and overall criminal history were able to significantly predict sentence length—findings consistent with cumulative disadvantage theory. Contrary to previous studies, the current results suggest that age may have a positive relationship with sentencing length. The findings are not without limitations but do provide a modern-day picture of continued marginalization of certain defendants within the criminal justice system.
Participative Management
Authors: Rivera Michael , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The theory behind participative management originated in the 1930s as a result of a business studyconducted by Elton Mayo, who explored Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management principles. Hisfindings challenged Taylor’s views, which emphasized the importance of social norms, such ascommunication, participation, and leadership (Marchant 1976). Decades later, renewed interest inparticipative management hinged upon the desire for seeking better management practices, namelytop-notch quality management systems, better employee relations, and integrated design andproduction teams (Lawler 1996).
Job Stress, Workload, Academic Freedom and Quality Research in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Duze Chinelo , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

One of the major obligations of higher education academic staff is to conduct research. It is used toassess the lecturer’s scholarship and leads to promotion. It is therefore expected that academic staffwho must progress as expected should conduct quality research. Unfortunately, research in highereducation in Nigeria seemly lacks the potentials to produce results that are sufficiently generalized forhumanity’s stock of knowledge. This study therefore examined some of the impediments to qualityresearch in Nigerian universities. The variables studied were the institutional factors of job stress,workload, and academic autonomy. These indices were considered institutional because they flowfrom the government, private proprietors, and universities who garner them for the onerous challengesin teaching and research for the benefit of mankind and society.
Strengthening Academic Programs with Proactive Fiscal Management and Other Innovative Strategies
Authors: Buckholdt David , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Price pressures in the form of escalating tuition will continue to impinge upon colleges and universities in an unabated fashion. While distance learning experiments and electronic assisted teaching may provide some relief in training-centric sectors of higher education, the university enterprise remains a labor intensive endeavor. Technology and healthcare expenses will continue to grow at most institutions at a rate far above the cost-of-living index. Public institutions are finding strong resistance to additional support based on tax revenue. Private institutions are increasingly being questioned about the "valueadded" they provide and whether it justifies their premium tuition.
The "Chicago Way": Inner-City Street Gangs and the Battle for Civil Rights in the Windy City, 1966- 1970
Authors: Linzy Benjamin , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The Civil Rights Movement unfolded uniquely in Chicago; in the North Lawndale and Woodlawn neighborhoods two street gangs, the Conservative Vice Lords (CVL) and the Almighty Black P Stone Nation (BPSN ) assumed the role of community organizations. They used their neighborhood connections and street savvy to alleviate racial pressures oppressing Chicago’s urban African American youths: high dropout rates, poor job opportunities, and the stress of dealing with increasingly unstable and declining communities. While the gangs’ established hierarchies led to rapid formation of community organizations, their efforts fell apart over a brief four-year period due to an inability to divest themselves fully of their criminal core. With the years of experience the gangs had working as singular units and the social capital they possessed on the streets, in 1966 both gangs quickly reorganized from street level groups to incorporated institutions. Promising to leave their criminal roots behind them, they received grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), and others. With their local powerbases secured, they made alliances and enemies. The mid to late 60s saw a clash between the gangs and the state and federal governments. This conflict, not just of differing personalities, but also of different motivations, pitted the hopes of an African American led community against the "mafia-esque" tactics the gangs used to assert control over their membership and territories. In doing so, these inner city youths proved how marginalized populations could effect change within their communities. This paper examines the metamorphosis of the CVL and BPSN from street gangs to political powerhouses as well as their successes and failures during the time period 1966 through 1970. This examination starts with their formation, continuing through their initiation into the Civil-Rights Movement, ending with the decade’s close and the end of the gang’s positive agency.
Consistency Of Occupational Choice Between Counselled And Uncounseled Senior Secondary School Students In Northern Cross River State
Authors: Edet Pauline , Eyo Mary , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The study specifically seeks to find out the consistency in the occupational choice pattern of counseledand uncounseled students and the influence of gender on occupational preferences of counseled anduncounseled students.Research HypothesesThe following hypotheses were posed in order to help investigate into the consistency of occupationalchoice between counseled and uncounseled students.1. There is no significant difference in consistency in the occupational choice pattern of counseled anduncounseled students.2. Gender has no significant influence on the occupational preferences of counseled and uncounseledstudents.
Innovations in Management Training: Training Business personnel along the Structural Method
Authors: Deb Papiya , Welling Madhav. , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Trained manpower that can infuse order into the system is the need of the hour. This could be the mostimportant contribution of well-managed companies that have developed a sound management cadre.Commercial organizations are best equipped to play a critical missionary role for two reasons- theirvast and influential presence as also sound environmental management which is good business. Issuesof social perspective now occupy important boardroom space. Corporate houses traditionallyemploying managerial skills to enhance the bottom line and shareholders value are increasingly reexaminingtheir managerial skill and policy mix. There is yet unrecognized but a significant corporatedemand for managerial resources which understand the social dynamics. For a long time there hasbeen a tradition of combining business and society to meet the needs of academic study and publicpolicy, but its primary concern has been to regulate and motivate business rather than re-orienting andtraining business personnel to work for public good.
Student Employment and The Economic Cost of Delayed College Graduation
Authors: Hayes Suzanne , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a model to estimate the economic cost of extended time-to-degree. This first look at delayed graduation costs considers student employment, tuition levels, expected salary upon graduation, interest rates, and the opportunity costs of professional advancement and retirement contributions. The results indicate that a one-year delay in graduation significantly impacts the future financial position of a student. It is estimated that students graduating in five years, rather than four years, will assume an average total economic cost between $94,921 and $114,589. Simulation results are reported and show a total economic cost range of $49,109 to $163,974.
Table of Contents - Fall 2005
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Fall 2005 table of contents
Supporting the Continuing Professional Development of Teachers in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Integrated Teacher Education Model
Authors: Cobbold Cosmas , Dare Albert , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Periodically, school operations come under intense review as we take inventory of what has workedand what improvements still need to be made. In fact we label time periods by major events and trends,e.g. back-to-basics (Smith, 1978). As we move into the second decade of a new millennium, we arereflecting and projecting to see where we have been and where we need to be going. We are askingwhat we have learned and what needs to occur to improve education and our country. The importanceof teachers and teacher leadership in education is gaining attention (York-Barr & Duke, 2004;Donaldson, 2006; Silva 2000; Rhodes, C., M. Brundrett, et al., 2008). This article addresses the rolespirituality plays in 21st century school leadership.
Career Advancement: Ten Negotiation Strategies for Women in Higher Education
Authors: Betts K. , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Women in the United States (US) are a vital part of the workforce and the economy. They represent50.7 percent of the population and 49.8 percent of payroll employment in the US workforce. Womenalso outpace men in the number of college degrees conferred annually. However, women hold fewerboard seats and executive level positions than men in American corporations and higher educationinstitutions. Additionally, census data indicates that women earn approximately 77 cents on every dollarearned by men. Although the "glass ceiling" is getting lower, it is essential that women developsuccessful negotiation strategies for career advancement. This paper provides an overview of womenin the US workforce and higher education, ten negotiation strategies for career advancement, andrecommendations to increase the number of women leaders in higher education.
Quality Assurance in Education through Quality Circles – Global and Indian Context
Authors: Devi Uma , Mani R.S. , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Since Independence, the education, particularly the higher education in India has undergone a uniquetransformation from elitist to egalitarian group. There has been the expansion of higher educationfacilities in India since independence. We can see the expansion of higher education with increasingspeed day by day in the context of globalization, liberalization and privatization. But a big question infront of us is whether the quality is ensured or not. It is saddening to note that 128 universities who gotthemselves accredited by the NAAC only 32 per cent could get ‘A’ or above level of rating whileanother 52 per cent of them could manage with ‘B’ or above grade. The remaining 16 per cent fall ingrade ‘C’ or above. NAAC assessment further indicates that 68% of colleges are rated as ‘B’ whileanother 23% colleges is rated as ‘C’ grade; and only the remaining 9% are ‘A’ grade. Thus the qualityassurance in higher education is the need of the hour.
Cover, Front Matter & Editorial Board
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

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Administrator’s Electronic Checklist A Teacher Accountability System for Building Transformation
Authors: Mott Michael , Moore Jerilou , Shannon Temeka , null null
Published: February 2023

Data-driven decision making is a major role of principals and school-based administrators. Thesedecision makers use data to improve not only student performance, but also to identify teachercompetency, needs for professional development, allocation of resources, and communication of dataresults (3D, 2010). The format used to collect and report data is varied, but technology seems to be themost widely used means of collection by school districts. There are web-based systems, as well asdistrict developed formats for monitoring student achievement. An effective system of data collection isa simple, easy to use format that provides results in a timely manner. Standards-aligned observationscan provide evidence of student and teacher outcomes across the content areas. Technologystandards for students can be observed and evaluated, as well.
Pushing The Margins: A Dynamic Model of Idiosyncrasy Credit In Top Management Team Behavior
Authors: Provaznik Bill , Hughes Larry , Avey James , null null
Published: February 2023

Top management teams (TMT) behave both conventionally and unconventionally to implement strategic change in organizations. These behaviors are information used by organizational stakeholders to evaluate the TMT. However, because of limited cognitive resources, the cost of cognitive changes and the inherent variability of environments and relationships, stakeholders operate using the “latitude of norms,” which provides thresholds to measure the need for reappraisal and change. We explore this process of discontinuous reappraisals by reviewing past idiosyncratic credit literature and integrate it with expectancy violations theory to propose a theory of dynamic idiosyncratic credit. Both research and managerial implications are discussed.
Impact of Securitized Real Estate On Portfolio Performance Under Alternative Market Conditions
Authors: Allen Marcus , Wiant Kenneth , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This study considers the impact of adding real estate investment trust (REIT) stocks to stock portfolios in varying proportions under different economic conditions. To the extent real estate offers diversification benefits to stock market investors, REITs may serve as a practical alterative to the relatively high trading costs of direct equity positions in real estate investments. The results suggest that the inclusion of securitized real estate enhances portfolio performance during positive economic climates, but diminishes portfolio performance during negative economic climates.
The Supreme Court Confronts The Ghosts of Enron: Assessing The Past, Present and Future of Corporate Fraud Enforcement
Authors: Donoher William , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The U.S. Supreme Court ended its 2010 term with a significant ruling on the appeal of former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling that sharply curtailed application of the “honest services” doctrine, which had figured prominently in Skilling’s conviction. The Court held that the conceptual breadth of the term “honest services” and the apparent inconsistency of rulings applying the doctrine rendered it unconstitutionally vague unless confined to cases of bribery or kickbacks. Notably, Enron and other corporate fraud cases did not involve either form of corruption. This article reviews the development of the honest services doctrine, discusses and analyzes the Skilling decision, and argues that future corporate fraud enforcement is likely to be hindered not only by the specifics of the Skilling decision but also by its underlying ethical philosophy.
The Reluctance of Korean Education in the Face of Change
Authors: Jambor Paul , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

It should first be stated that there are many bright students in the Korean educational system and Koreahas produced great waves in the information technology fields and the Korean economy has leaped inbounds from the days of poverty and despair, following the Korean War, to the present days whenKorea has proven itself to be a world class country with a world class economy. Nevertheless, theKorean system of education has seemingly lagged behind the advances the Korean informationtechnology and semiconductor industries have enjoyed.
Influence of Test Anxiety on Performance Levels on Numerical tasks of Secondary School Physics Students
Authors: Oludipe Bimbola , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the current study was to identify teacher behaviors that secondary students perceivedas demonstrating caring. The questions that guided this inquiry were (a) what teacher behaviors dohigh school students perceive as caring? and (b) what teacher behaviors do high school studentsperceive as the most important aspects of caring? Whereas previous studies clearly have documentedthe power and influence of caring teachers on adolescents’ success, we posit that knowing whatstudents perceive as caring behaviors can be used as a springboard to shape the context of caring forall students, especially those who are marginalized, feel disenfranchised, and most at risk of droppingout of school.
Effects of Right-To-Work Laws: Can They Include Higher Levels of Satisfaction For Union Workers?
Authors: Popejoy Steven , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews theories and evidence on the effect of “right-to-work” laws on union members’ satisfaction with their unions. With the increase of right-to-work activity at the state level, and with federal right-to-work legislation pending in Congress, this has returned as an important political issue. Following a brief review of how the hypotheses of “taste,” “free-rider,” and “bargaining power” can influence various effects of right-to-work laws, the idea of utility maximization paired with measures of union satisfaction is explored to show theoretical evidence that greater levels of union satisfaction could exist in right-to-work states than exist in non-right-to-work states. Arguments for both positive and negative effects are compared. The author proposes that, as a future area of research, empirical tests be performed that combine the concept of simultaneous equations with recently developed measures of union satisfaction.
Background Checks and Fingerprinting in Public School Systems (Part II)
Authors: Salmans Mindy , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This is the second of a three part series of articles discussing background checks and fingerprinting inthe K-12 public schools. The first article discussed background checks with the inclusion offingerprinting—the benefits and limitations as well as the policies of 50 states and the District ofColumbia. This article discusses effects of educator misconduct, complaints and accusations,consequences for abusers, state disciplinary action, cause for sanctions, and access to actions.
Escalating Commitment To Failing Financial Decisions: Why Does It Occur?
Authors: Morgan John , Hansen James , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Research indicates inappropriate escalation of commitment to apparently failing decisions occurs in many areas of life. Examples include doubling-up blackjack bets to recover losses, the too lengthy Vietnam War debacle, and the tendency to continue with financial investments long after they appear to be failing. What motivates such behavior? Two theories presently compete as major explanations for this behavior: the self-justification theory and the prospect theory. This paper compares the two theories to determine which theory better predicts escalation behaviors within au un-confounded and unambiguous context. The research is motivated by the belief that understanding why people escalate is prerequisite to successfully developing strategies for mitigating the damages of escalation. Results show, that after removing the confounding effects of framing differences across conditions, prospect theory better predicts escalation than does self-justification theory within the context tested.
Paying students for grades: Is it sustainable and should it be?
Authors: Butler Allison , Kennedy Kristin , Kennedy Michaela , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper highlights some of the most notable cash incentive programs, questions why the flow ofmoney into these programs is not totally transparent and well known to the taxpayers who fund some ofthem, and reviews literature on the psychological, motivational, and ethical issues surrounding thispolicy. We would like to question how much public funding is being spent, especially since towns andschool systems are struggling in these difficult financial times with miniscule operating budgets.
The Precautionary Principle: What Is It, Where Did It Come From, How Should We Use It?
Authors: Marinakis Yorgos , Harms Rainer , Walsh Steven , null null
Published: February 2023

Since being globalized by inclusion in the 1980’s and 1990’s through several U.N. declarations and treaties, the Precautionary Principle has become a flashpoint internationally among scholars working in the fields of risk, international environmental law, European Union law and even U.S. federal law. The controversy surrounding the Precautionary Principle apparently arose and persists because the Principle is undertheorized. We revisit three fundamental questions: what is the Precautionary Principle, where did it come from, and how should we use it. Because the Precautionary Principle is a legal tool that is used internationally to manage technology, a comprehensive discussion of it is organically international and interdisciplinary. We argue that the Precautionary Principle is an index of formative measures of risk and fear; that its origins should be investigated specifically in relation to the particular legal instrument in question; and that it should be utilized only as an indicator of public perception and not as a prescriptive risk management tool. Because the Precautionary Principle is currently utilized internationally as a prescriptive tool, our recommendation is both controversial and non-trivial.
An Analysis of the Organizational Patterns of North Carolina School Districts
Authors: Dunaway David , Ausband Leigh , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

School system organization has been described as the skeleton that outlines the structure anddetermines the form of a school district. (Grove, 2002). Organizational charts are the manifestations ofthese skeletons. Some are simple; others are more complex – more like nervous systems thanskeletons. Whatever metaphor is chosen, understanding the underlying organization of the complexmultiple functions of a social group such as a school district is important. Our schools are being askedto educate our children in an ever-increasingly complex and global society. Surely the organization of aschool district has an impact on how students are educated and how well they achieve curricular goals.With today’s emphasis on accountability, the ability of the school district organization to help studentsachieve and meet testing goals is critical. But what is the best way to organize a school district? Howdo superintendents make the decisions needed to organize a district? This study is a necessary firststep in determining this. In this study, we analyzed the organization of public school districts in the stateof North Carolina. We were interested in the similarities and differences in the administrative structuresdriving these organizations serving children in a diverse geographical state. We addressed twoquestions:(1) What organizational patterns are found in public school districts in North Carolina?(2) How do organizational patterns differ in districts serving different numbers of students?
Teaching Prospective Financial Statements: A Compilation Project
Authors: Olson Stevan , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The planning process is central to the work of business management. Strategic planning involves a broad scope and long-term planning horizon that provides a guide 10 achieve the organization's goals. External users also need prospective financial information to assess credit or equity positions in a firm. The accounting professional in private industry plays a key role as a member of the planning team, processing management's plans and assumption to provide meaningful reports and analysis. Many small and mid-sized firms look to the public accounting professional for assistance in developing prospective financial information (Stillwell, 1986) Public accountants may also be engaged by a client 10 review prospective financial statements that are going to be publicly disseminated. Clearly, expertise in developing, reporting and analyzing forward looking accounting information is important, but there is relatively little instruction offered on this topic in the traditional accounting curriculum. This paper describes a project that is effective for teaching how to prepare comprehensive prospective financial statements. The articulated statements are created using Excel, and can instantly process an unlimited variety of "what if' considerations. The final product has the added advantage of having the same form as the historical financial statements. The benefit of comparability with historical statements is significant.
Table of Contents - Winter 2011
Authors: null Fort Hays State University College of Education , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Academic Leadership Journal Winter 2011 table of contents
Parental Involvement In Home Work For Children’s Academic Success. A Study In The Cape Coast Municipality
Authors: George Dampson , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Traditionally, parental involvement in education included contribution to their children’s home-basedactivities (helping with home-work, encouraging children to read, and promoting school attendance)and school-based activities (attending Parent-Teachers’ Association meetings, parent-teacherconferences, and participating in fun raising activities). Hixson (2006) explained that involvement ofparents and families in decision making is often cited as one of the most important ways to improvepublic schools. Parental involvement makes an enormous impact on the student’s attitude, attendance,and academic achievement and promotes better cooperation between parents and school. It alsoallows parents and teachers to combine efforts to help the children succeed in school.
Initiating Your Successful Transition to School Principal
Authors: Glasspool Timothy , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The role and responsibilities of the principal and assistant principal have developed and beenredeveloped to meet demands and legislative impact on the American public education system. Withthese additional demands, principals are required to lead students and faculties to greater educationaloutcomes and achievement. As the role of building level leadership evolves and more principalsbecome instructional leaders first and a managers second, opportunities for changing roles couldcorrect assistant principal pigeon-holing. Some researchers and practitioners do not agree the assistantprincipal position is an appropriate training ground for the Principalship. Even some principals andresearchers believe the training ground is inadequate. Educational leadership students seekingprincipal certification and university professors both agree that a gap in formalized instruction betweenthe practical and theoretical exists (Hart, 1993). It is also argued that experience more than educationaltraining influence succession success. Prior training only affords assistants the opportunity to becomea principal in title alone. Educational researchers believe a new leadership style is necessary toadvance school systems into the accountability era (Elmore, 2000; Fullan, 2003; Sergiovanni, 1996;Ubben, 2001). The demands and pressures of the job may cause principals to revert back to thepractice of administration and school management rather than focusing on instruction as their preserviceeducation insists (Anderson, 1963; Hart, 1993; Porter, 1996). This new accountability eraincludes a blend of management and leadership skills as the previously cited researchers identified asa common strain of leader characteristics and skill sets: specifically a proactive vision of the future,communication amongst constituents, strong ties toward instructional practices, and an importanceplaced upon interpersonal relationships.
Restructuring Teacher Education: The Mis-Education of Demography in the Public School System
Authors: Richards Michelle , Smith Ingrad , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The crisis of confidence in corporations has stimulated much debate among scholars and practitionersregarding leadership morality (Bartunek, 2002; Lefkowitz, Ilgen, Lee, Locke, Lowman & Schneider,2003). Similarly, leadership scholars have acknowledged that leadership ethics rests upon the moralcharacter of leaders and their choices of values (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999). They argued that,compared to others, some leaders possess values and characteristics that make them more resilientto social pressures to engage in unethical behaviors (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999; O’Connor, Mumford,Clifton, & Connelly, 1995)
Computer Technology Integration Into the Public School Classroom – A Qualitative Update
Authors: Zuniga Ramiro , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The number of computers found in public schools has greatly increased over the last forty years. Asrecognized by the National Center for Education Statistics (2000), the dramatic increase has led to aneed for understanding how these computers are being used in the classroom and how teachers feelabout the current state of integration. Some observers of this phenomenon have suggested that thedesire to acquire computer technology for use in the public school classroom has been so strong thatmany of the proponents of computer technology integration into the public school classroom have spentlittle time in explaining or justifying it (Skinner, 2002). Cradler (2002) suggests that the superintendentsand politicians who propose and fund school budgets need credible research and evaluation findingsto justify sustaining and expanding funding for technology in schools.
Self-Leadership and Self-Regulated Learning: An Investigation of Theoretical Relationships
Authors: James Angela , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the behavior, motivation, and cognitive dimensions of self-leadership and self-regulated learning. This quantitative study used the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire measuring self-leadership, and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, Second Edition measuring self-regulated learning, to collect data. The sample was drawn from the undergraduate college student population of one small private university. The Pearson product moment correlation results indicated several weak-to-moderate relationships between self-leadership and self-regulated learning behavior, motivation, and cognitive strategy dimensions. This was a first attempt to compare the two self-regulation theories; the results indicate that SL and SRL are related. Future research should further investigate the relationships for possible cross application of the theories. Specifically, recommended research includes exploring SL as a method to teach SRL and SRL as an approach to promote professional and organizational learning.
Effects of Case-Based Learning on Preservice Secondary Teachers’ Multicultural Attitudes: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lee Kathryn , Summers Emily , Garza Rubén , null null
Published: February 2023

As our society changes, so must our teacher education practices. In the past decade, the SouthwesternU.S. has been transforming into a majority minority region (U.S. Census Bureau 2005), which must inturn reframe the underpinnings of teacher education in this area of our country. As teacher educators,we have known that many preservice teachers lagged in their preparedness to teach students who areculturally, ethnically, and linguistically different from themselves. Teacher education increasingly isbeing criticized as having inabilities to instruct teacher candidates in ways that produce greater K-12student learning; diversity awareness will be a cornerstone if we can change this infamous trend(AACTE 2003).
Linking Transformational Leadership to Student Teachers’ Efficacy: Contributions of Mentor Teachers’ Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Gong Tao , Siers Ron , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

A literature review of student interns’ (often referred to as student teachers or pre-service teachers)efficacy beliefs revealed that most studies have focused on the effects of teacher efficacy on teachereffectiveness and student achievement. However, the role that mentor teachers (often referred to ascooperating teachers or collaborating teachers) play in the growth of efficacy beliefs of student internshas received little attention, and the empirical evidence is insufficient. A teacher’s sense of efficacy hasbeen defined as "the teacher’s belief in his or her capability to organize and execute courses of actionrequired to successfully accomplish a specific teaching task in a particular context" (Tschannen-Moran& Woolfolk Hoy, 1998, p. 233). Teacher efficacy has been correlated with education innovations(Cousins & Walker, 2000), classroom management (Woolfolk, Rosoff, & Hoy, 1990), teaching effort(Allinder, 1994), and commitment to teaching (Coladarci, 1992). According to Erdem & Demirel(2007), the teachers’ sense of efficacy is crucial to manage classroom, organize and teach courses,and motivate and communicate students for learning effectively. Teacher efficacy also has been linkedto student motivations (Midgley, Feldlaufer, & Eccles, 1989), academic achievement (Ashton & Webb,1986; Moore & Esselman, 1992; Ross, 1992; Muijs & Reynolds, 2002), and classroom behavior(Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001).
Christine de Pizan and Sacred History
Authors: Mann Vickie , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Christine de Pizan was an author living in 15th century France whose writings highlighted the courageous actions of women that helped to strengthen their society. Living under the shadow of misogynist writers, she illuminated the female’s right to equality long before other French writers would broach the subject. Particularly enlightening in this respect is her book The City of Women, presenting the positive attributes of women. Globally speaking, Jeffrey Richards has interpreted the book as a treatise on religious doctrine. I will seek to demonstrate what I believe to be her true intent: to lay a foundation of equality of the sexes for future generations to debate. My goal is to refute, as an interpretive error, Richards’s vision of The City of Women as something entirely different: an attempt to "assign eschatological significance both to current events and to the history of women" (15), and as such to establish The City of Women as a metaphor for redemption. This metaphor cannot stand as accepted fact without diminishing the equitable nature that de Pizan applies to women from all time periods and all persuasions. I hope to restore a surer footing to a work that inspires men and women everywhere to embrace their inherent equality.
Educational Leadership and the Continued Need for Minority Academic and Professional Organizations in the Obama Age
Authors: Mack Lakerri , Washington Montressa , Cantey Nia , null null
Published: February 2023

Educator preparation and development is a major concern in our current school system. Educators arebeing challenged with higher demands and requirements in preparing our future generations for the21st century. Becoming a highly qualified teacher in today’s educational system is dependent, in part,by how well teachers work together with their principal and colleagues. The ability to share with othersand collaborate for the purpose of providing instruction that is conducive to enhance studentdevelopment is critical given the many demands that are being put upon the system.
The Perceived Relationship Between Leadership Practices and Job Attitudes In Human Service organizations
Authors: Popa Adrian , Andenoro Anthony , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

This paper contributes to leadership knowledge in the field of child welfare by studying the relationship between agency leadership and caseworker job attitudes. This qualitative study included three focus groups with administrators and caseworkers to explore perceived leadership practices and caseworker job attitudes. Qualitative findings revealed a divergent perception of leadership practices between caseworkers and administrators, while providing specific content representative of both strengths and limitations of agency leadership. Lastly, frontline workers exclusively also perceived a relationship between certain leadership practices and job satisfaction. Findings lead to a number of organizational implications.
Teaching Reading Comprehension to Children of Poverty
Authors: Price Kena , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In 2007 18% of children in the United States were living in poverty, and 12.5% of the entire populationlived in poverty, which amounts to 37.3 million people (US Census Bureau Poverty 2007). To beconsidered actually living in poverty, not just poor, a single person home had to report an annualincome of $10,590 or less, while a home with four people residing in it needed to report $21,203annual salary (US Census Bureau Poverty Thresholds). These statistics demonstrate the overwhelmingneed for teachers to know how to best teach students coming from poverty. Almost 20% of our studentslive in actual poverty, which indicates that a substantial portion of our students must be living in homesthat struggle financially. It would be irresponsible not to address the different learning needs of poorstudents.
Web-Based Course Content: An Emerging Consideration for Authenticity from a Learner Perspective
Authors: Bedford Laurie , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

More organizations and instructors are incorporating authentic learning strategies into the instructionalparadigm of the classroom. One advantage of this ideology is that the diversity of individual learnerscan be capitalized upon through a dialogue consisting of multiple perspectives. In these contemporaryclassrooms, the curriculum becomes a more fluid, personal entity based on experience, priorknowledge and individual expertise (Bedford, Wiebe, and Tschida, 2008). At the same time, a plethoraof information which draws upon multiple perspectives is also more readily available and accessiblethough electronic venues—primarily via the Internet. The abundance of available information providesopportunities for learners to intellectually interact with course content aligned with their diverseperspectives. This discourse should posit the instructional attention on the learners and their interactionwith the opportunities that dynamic, web-based content affords. However, in many classrooms, much ofthe course content continues to be derived from traditional venues including textbooks and instructorexpertise.
The Power of Now in Leadership
Authors: Romaneck Greg , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In many ways leadership can seem like firefighting. On almost any day a seemingly constant stream of problems, difficulties, and impediments can flow into a leader’s life. At times it seems that any sort of focus on the "big picture" is impossible because so many nitty-gritty issues have to be dealt with. Yet, even in the face of such a negative onslaught of responsibility, it is still possible to maintain both your sanity and your focus.
International Business Networks and Partnerships Development: A Case of Chinese Market Development Strategies By U.S. Agricultural Companies
Authors: Peng Jiajiang , Russell Mark , Tormoehlen Roger , Talbert B.
Published: February 2023

There is a great need to be familiar with creating business networks and partnerships in China by U. S. businesses. The research objectives were to identify the strategies on how to build business networks and partnerships in China and evaluate the importance of those strategies in the development of an effective Chinese market by U. S. agricultural companies. By identifying the strategies and their importance, educators can better assist in the development of educational training programs. A three-round Delphi study was conducted in this study. Thirty-seven (37) panel members completed the first round survey with 34 of them completing the second and third round surveys. The panel members were U. S. agriculture business experts who understood the research topics, had international agriculture business experience in China, and were willing to share such experiences. Panel members were purposefully selected to represent the agricultural industry, government, and higher education sectors. The panel generated a total of 12 strategies on how to build business networks and partnerships in China. Of the 12 strategies, one reached a high consensus level, 10 reached a moderate consensus level, and one reached a low consensus level. Also, of the 12 strategies, one was considered essential, eight were considered very important, and three were considered moderately important. In conclusion, the strategies developed in this study regarding how to build business networks and partnerships cross-culture were all rated by the panel as important at various levels and should be included in international business and leadership educational training programs targeted at U. S. companies wishing to conduct business in China. As a result, international leadership competencies of U. S. business people could be enhanced.
Perception Of Good Leadership Among The Academics In Nigeria: Case Of Benue State University, Makurdi
Authors: Demekaa Umbur , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The objectives of the study were:i. To determine the influence of gender on the academics perception of good leadership.ii. To examine the influence of status on the academics perception of good leadership.iii. To determine the influence of religion on the academics perception of good leadershipiv. To determine the influence of discipline on the academics perception of good leadership.
Entrepreneur- Investor Negotiations: Investigating The Power Gap
Authors: Page Karen , Sprague Robert , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Federal Securities Laws are designed to ensure that investors are provided with sufficient information to make an informed investment. These Laws presume that investors are relatively naive and powerless compared to the relatively sophisticated and powerful sellers of securities. In the new venture arena, however, it is often the case that sellers, the entrepreneurs, are relatively naive and powerless compared to the investors, who tend to be expert in venture finance. This paper explores these heretofore unexamined power imbalances and presents attributes of the entrepreneurs and their resources that may affect entrepreneurs' ability to negotiate with venture capitalists.
Determining Factors of Transfer: Their Implications for Teaching to Foster Generalisation and Conceptual Restructuring
Authors: Ntim Stephen , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Transfer can be defined as ‘the degree to which behaviour will be repeated in a new situation’(Detterman and Sternberg, 1993, p. 4). Thus transfer of learning occurs when learning in one context orwith one set of materials impacts on performance in another context or with related material.Pennington and Rehder (1995) borrowing from Larkin (1989) also define transfer as the use ofknowledge or skill acquired in one situation in the performance of a new, novel task, a task sufficientlynovel that it involves additional learning as well as the use of old knowledge. Research evidence as towhether or not transfer occurs is rather ambivalent. On one hand some research indicate that there isno transfer and that even if there is, it is rather through manipulation of one sort or the other: subjectsare told what to do. Detterman (1993) makes two important conclusions: a) Spontaneous transfer isvery rare; b) those studies claiming to show transfer can only be said to have found transfer by the mostgenerous of criteria and would not meet the classical definition of transfer. (ibid: 13-15).