bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valuing genebanks
Authors: Smale Melinda , Jamora Nelissa
Published: May 2020

The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 2.5 explicitly calls for the maintenance of genetic diversity of seeds through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at national, regional, and international levels as an essential undertaking to end global hunger (SDG Goal 2). This special issue results from a renewed call to demonstrate the value-in-use of conserving and supplying plant genetic resources conserved in genebanks to researchers, plant breeders, and farmers. We present these studies as a collective contribution to a relatively small body of literature that highlights not only the importance of crop plant diversity managed by genebanks but also the diversity of genebank functions and uses. In this overview, we begin by restating foundation concepts that economists have applied to study the value of crop genetic resources conserved as genebank accessions. We then provide a synthesis of previous research on genebank values from the late 1990s until the present. We summarize the main messages of the studies included in this special issue ofFood Securityand explain how they contribute to a better understanding of the role, function, and value of genebanks, particularly as we address food security challenges in a changing agricultural context. Finally, we draw implications for further applied research and policy.
Influence of white etching layer on rolling contact behavior at wheel-rail interface
Authors: Lian Qinglin , Deng Guanyu , Zhu Hongtao , Li Huijun , Wang Xi , Liu Zhiming
Published: May 2020

The existence of narrow and brittle white etching layers (WELs) on the rail surface is often linked with the formation of rail defects such as squats and studs, which play the key roles in rail surface degradation and tribological performance. In the present study, a systematic investigation on stress/strain distribution and fatigue life of the WEL during wheel-rail rolling contact was conducted based on a numerical model considering the realistic wheel geometry. This is the first study considering the influence of rail materials, loading pressure, frictional condition, WEL geometry (a/b), and slip ratio (Sr) in the practical service conditions at the same time. The results revealed much higher residual stress in WEL than in rail matrix. Stress changes along the rail depth matched with the previously reported microstructure evolutions. The current work revealed that the maximum difference in contact stress between the wheel passages of rail matrix and the WEL region (noted as stress variation) rises with the increase of loading pressure, the value of a/b, and Sr; but drops with the friction coefficient (μ). In addition, a critical length-depth ratio of 5 for a/b has been found. The fatigue parameter, FP, of the WEL decreased quickly with the length-depth ratio when it was less than 5 and then increased slightly when it was larger than 5. This study also revealed that the fatigue life of the WEL was reduced for high strength head hardened (HH) rail compared with standard carbon (SC) rail.
Wave Emission From Bottom Vibrations in Subsurface Open-channel Shear Flow
Authors: Tyvand Peder A. , Sveen Eivind B.
Published: May 2020

The linearized water-wave radiation problem for a 2D oscillating bottom source in an inviscid shear flow with a free surface is investigated analytically. The fluid depth is constant. The velocity of the basic flow varies linearly with depth (uniform vorticity), with zero surface velocity. The far-field surface waves radiated out from the 2D source are calculated, based on Euler’s equation of motion with the application of radiation conditions. There are always two waves, one emitted in the upstream direction and the other in the downstream direction. The energy fluxes of these two waves are calculated. The hydrostatic limit of zero wave number is related to the theory of undular bores.
Correction to: Evaluation of host susceptibility, preference and offspring performance of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on different hosts
Authors: Farooq Muzammil , Baig Sangita , Honey Sabyan Faris , Bajwa Babar Ehsan , Fazlullah  , Shah Iqbal Hussain
Published: May 2020

The above mentioned article, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 40, issue 1, page 93–99 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication.
Undoing the Gender Binary
Authors: Tate Charlotte Chucky , Ben Hagai Ella , Crosby Faye J.
Published: May 2020

The central question of this Element is this: What does it mean to be transgender - in general and in specific ways? What does the designation mean for any individual and for the groups in which the individual exists? Biologically, what occurs? Psychologically, what transpires? The Element starts with the basics. The authors question some traditional assumptions, lay out some bio-medical information, and define their terms. They then move to the question of central concern, seen first in terms of the individual and then in terms of the group or society. They conclude with some implications, urging some new approaches to research and suggest some applications in the classroom and beyond.
Affective Disclosure of Value: emotional experience, neo-sentimentalism and learning to value
Authors: Vanello Daniel
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to motivate and solve a puzzle regarding the intuition that just as in the absence of perceptual experience we lack an important kind of understanding of sensory properties like colour, in the absence of affective experience we lack an important kind of understanding of value. The puzzle consists in understanding how can a property pertaining to the experience of the subject i.e. the affective component of emotional experience, provide us with a distinctive epistemic access to, and therefore an understanding of, properties that are instantiated by objects distinct from the experience i.e. the evaluative property of the object of experience. I argue that solving the puzzle necessitates us to commit to a metaphysical view of value according to which affective experience and evaluative properties are related by explanatory circularity. The upshot of the paper is that affective experience provides us with the sort of understanding of value that motivates the generation of evaluative concepts.
Design of a Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation Network for Air Traffic Surveillance
Authors: Guo Jianming , Yang Lei , Chen Quan , Yu Sunquan , Chen Xiaoqian , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2020

The satellite constellation with automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast on-board is of great importance for air traffic surveillance due to its multiple advantages compared with traditional methods. Although some research has been conducted on satellite constellation design based on coverage performance, the findings cannot entirely satisfy all the requirements of air traffic surveillance owing to the lack of analysis on inter-satellite links and network transmission. This paper presents a novel design of a low earth orbit satellite constellation network to solve this problem. Based on the requirements of space-based surveillance, an evaluation model of constellation performance is proposed concerning coverage, link and transmission. The simulation results show that the evaluation model can reflect the performance of a satellite constellation network designed for a space-based surveillance system, and a 55-satellite constellation design scheme with fairly good performance can fulfil the function of global real-time air traffic surveillance.
Outbreak of COVID-19 in a family, Wenzhou, China
Authors: Zhou Zu-Mu , Zhou Hai-Zhen , Lin Xian-Dan , SU Zhi-Cheng , Zhao Lu-Shuang , Chen Xi
Published: May 2020

Since December 2019, China has experienced a widespread outbreak of COVID-19. However, at the early stage of outbreak, investigations revealed a variety of patterns resulting in the transmission of COVID-19. Thus, it is essential to understand the transmission types and the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. Moreover, the information regarding the characteristics of transmission helps in coordinating the current screening programme, and controlling and containing measures, and also, helps in deciding the appropriate quarantine duration. Thus, this investigation reports an outbreak of COVID-19 in a family residing in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China during the month of January−February 2020.
Psychological impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in health workers in China
Authors: Sun Dandan , Yang Dongliang , Li Yafen , Zhou Jie , Wang Wenqing , Wang Quanliang , Lin Nan , Cao Ailin , Wang Haichen , Zhang Qingyun
Published: May 2020

The first case of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, South China Seafood Market in December 2019. As a group with a high probability of infection, health workers are faced with a certain degree of psychological challenges in the process of facing the epidemic. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of 2019-nCoV outbreak on the psychological state of Chinese health workers and to explore the influencing factors. During the period from 31 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, the ‘Questionnaire Star’ electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. The 2019-nCoV impact questionnaire and The Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to check the psychological status of health workers in China. A total of 442 valid data were collected in this study. Seventy-four (16.7%) male and 368 (83.3%) female individuals participated in this study. The average score of high arousal dimension was 5.15 (s.d. = 4.71), and the median score was 4.0 (IQR 2.0, 7.0). The average score of IES was 15.26 (s.d. = 11.23), and the median score was 13.5 (IQR 7.0, 21.0). Multiple regression analysis showed that there were critical statistical differences in high arousal scores among different gender groups (male 3.0 vs. female 5.0, P = 0.075). Whether being quarantined had significant statistical differences of IES scores (being quarantined 16.0 vs. not being quarantined 13.0, P = 0.021). The overall impact of the 2019-nCoV outbreak on health workers is at a mild level. Chinese health workers have good psychological coping ability in the face of public health emergencies.
An assessment of the Important Bird Areas (IBAs) of southern Paraguayan grasslands
Authors: BONZI VIVIANA ROJAS , CABRAL HUGO , DEL CASTILLO HUGO , BENÍTEZ-RIVEROS CAMILO , GALLUPPI TATIANA , SFORZA LORENA , BÁEZ MARCOS , YANOSKY ALBERTO
Published: May 2020

We present an assessment of the Southern Paraguayan Grasslands using Important Bird Areas (IBAs) located in a grassland landscape mosaic. Eleven IBAs in southern Paraguay were evaluated 10 years after their designation, using the BirdLife International method to assess the state, pressure, and response of these areas, during 2017 and 2018. Overall, thePressurefrom ecosystem modifications led by fire, and fire suppression, agricultural expansion, and intensification due to farming and grazing have been identified as the major threats to IBAs. Regarding theState,64% of the IBAs presented Very poor habitat quality to support grassland bird communities. The level of conservationResponsewas mostly negligible when considering conservation designation, management planning and conservation actions for the trigger species. Our results provide useful information to partners to reconsider these areas as IBAs as most of them no longer fulfill international requirements, we also highlight the importance of strengthening national policies to adequately protect natural grasslands.
Outcomes of infants and children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defect: a review of the literature and implications for research with an emphasis on pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Palladino-Davis Anna G. , Davis Christopher S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Pulmonary vascular disease resulting from CHDs may be the most preventable cause of pulmonary artery hypertension worldwide. Many children in developing countries still do not have access to early closure of clinically significant defects, and the long-term outcomes after corrective surgery remain unclear. Focused on long-term results after isolated ventricular septal defect repair, our review sought to determine the most effective medical therapy for the pre-operative management of elevated left-to-right shunts in patients with an isolated ventricular septal defect.

Methods:

We identified articles specific to the surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defects. Specific parameters included the pathophysiology and pre-operative medical management of pulmonary over-circulation and outcomes.

Results:

Studies most commonly focused on histologic changes to the pulmonary vasculature and levels of thromboxanes, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, endothelin, and matrix metalloproteinases. Only 2/44 studies mentioned targeted pharmacologic management to any of these systems related to ventricular septal defect repair; no study offered evidence-based guidelines to manage pulmonary over-circulation with ventricular septal defects. Most studies with long-term data indicated a measurable frequency of pulmonary artery hypertension or diminished exercise capacity late after ventricular septal defect repair.

Conclusion:

Long-term pulmonary vascular and respiratory changes can occur in children after ventricular septal defect repair. Research should be directed at providing an evidenced-based approach to the medical management of infants and children with ventricular septal defects (and naturally all CHDs) to minimise consequences of pulmonary artery hypertension, particularly as defect repair may occur late in underprivileged societies.
Temporally anchored spatial knowledge: Corpora and experiments
Authors: Vempala Alakananda , Blanco Eduardo
Published: May 2020

This article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere and temporally anchor this spatial information. We present an in-depth corpus analysis comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. Experiments show that working with syntactic dependencies instead of semantic roles allows us to generate more potential entity-related spatial knowledge and obtain better results in a realistic scenario, that is, with predicted linguistic information.
Investigation of the Internal Structure of a Modern Seafloor Hydrothermal Chimney With a Combination of EBSD, EPMA, and XRD
Authors: Glenn Matthew , Hu Siyu , Barnes Stephen , Torpy Aaron , Hughes Anthony E. , MacRae Colin M. , Webster Nathan A.S. , Wilson Nicholas C. , Parr Joanna , Binns Ray
Published: May 2020

Samples from the sphalerite-dominated zone of a seafloor massive sulfide chimney, the Satanic Mills Chimney of the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, have been investigated to determine the internal macrostructure and microstructure of this zone, the phases present, and the distribution of metals. A combination of electron probe microanalysis, electron backscattered diffraction, and x-ray diffraction has been used. At the macroscale, this zone of the chimney wall is heavily porous and is comprised primarily of sphalerite, enclosing minor chalcopyrite, pyrite, and wurtzite. A Pb–As sulfosalt layer of possible microbial origins is present at the outer edge of the sphalerite matrix, next to a pore. The sphalerite has grown in globules on the order of 300μm in diameter. At the microscale, the sphalerite features a colloform texture and a duplex-type grain structure consisting of either fine-grain regions in the center surrounded by coarse-grained regions or radiating coarse grains only. Pb- and As-rich bands have been detected in the colloform sphalerite, and growth twins have been observed in both the sphalerite and chalcopyrite crystals. A qualitative description of the growth of a typical globule is given, including nucleation, crystal growth, and solute redistribution.
Dosimetric comparison of RapidPlan and manually optimised volumetric modulated arc therapy plans in prostate cancer
Authors: Chua Loyce M. H. , Pang Eric P. P. , Master Zubin , Sultana Rehena , Tuan Jeffrey K. L. , Bragg Christopher M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RapidPlan (RP) could generate clinically acceptable prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.

Methods:

The in-house RP model was used to generate VMAT plans for 50 previously treated prostate cancer patients, with no additional optimisation being performed. The VMAT plans that were generated using the RP model were compared with the patients’ previous, manually optimised clinical plans (MP), none of which had been used for the development of the in-house RP prostate model. Differences between RP and MP in planning target volume (PTV) doses, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, monitor units (MU) and planning time required to produce treatment plans were analysed. Assessment of PTV doses was based on the conformation number (CN), homogeneity index (HI), D2%, D99% and the mean dose of the PTV. The OAR doses evaluated were the rectal V50 Gy, V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, the bladder V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, and the mean dose to both femurs.

Results:

D99% and mean dose of the PTV were lower for RP than for MP (p = 0·006 and p = 0·040, respectively).V50 Gy, V65 Gy and the mean dose to rectum were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose to bladder were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). RP had enhanced the sparing of both femurs (p < 0·001) and significantly reduced the planning time to less than 5% of the time taken with MP. MU in RP was significantly higher than MP by an average of 52·5 MU (p < 0·001) and 46 out of the 50 RP plans were approved by the radiation oncologist.

Conclusion:

This study has demonstrated that VMAT plans generated using an in-house RP prostate model in a single optimisation for prostate patients were clinically acceptable with comparable or better plan quality compared to MP. RP can add value and improve treatment planning efficiency in a high-throughput radiotherapy department through reduced plan optimisation time while maintaining consistency in the plan quality.
What is Price Suppression in Abnormal Economic Times? Reflections in Light of the Russia–Commercial Vehicles Ruling
Authors: Ludema Rodney , Wu Mark
Published: May 2020

This article discusses the ambiguity found in the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement concerning price suppression analysis. Previous case law has established that investigating authorities undertaking to highlight price suppression must conduct a counterfactual analysis. This article examines the difficulties that investigating authorities face in performing such an analysis when the investigating period overlaps with a financial crisis or other abnormal economic circumstances. It suggests that the Appellate Body was correct to require consideration of how profit margins and costs are affected by market circumstances, but ought to pay further attention to the behavior of firms in imperfectly competitive markets.
Body Checking bei Frauen mit hohen und niedrigen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen
Authors: Guthoff Henrike , Cordes Martin , Wilhelm Leonie , Hartmann Andrea S. , Vocks Silja
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Gemäß Theorien zu Essstörungen ist die Aufrechterhaltung von Body Checking (BC)-Verhalten mit zwei divergierenden kognitiv-affektiven Prozessen assoziiert, d. h. Anstieg an Arousal versus Abnahme negativer emotionaler Valenz. Fragestellung: Ziel ist die Replikation einer Online-Studie zur Untersuchung, ob BC mit beiden postulierten Prozessen einhergeht und welche Relevanz die subjektive Attraktivität der kontrollierten Körperpartien hierbei hat. Methode: 125 Frauen mit hohen versus niedrigen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen schätzten ihr Level an Arousal und negativer emotionaler Valenz in erinnerten BC-Episoden der subjektiv unattraktivsten und attraktivsten Körperpartien ein. Ergebnisse: Nur bei Frauen mit hohen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen in BC-Episoden der subjektiv unattraktivsten Körperpartien traten sowohl ein Anstieg an Arousal als auch eine Abnahme negativer emotionaler Valenz ein. Schlussfolgerungen: Beide postulierten Prozesse wurden nachgewiesen.
Emotionsbewusstsein und depressive Symptome im frühen Jugendalter
Authors: Lammers Julia , Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz , Nitkowski Dennis
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Ergebnisse aus Querschnittstudien weisen darauf hin, dass Emotionsregulationsstrategien den Effekt zwischen dem Emotionsbewusstsein und depressiven Symptomen vermitteln. Es fehlen jedoch prospektive Studien, die diesen Effekt bestätigen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie überprüft, ob die Veränderung in der Nutzung adaptiver und maladaptiver Trauer-Regulationsstrategien über drei Monate die Beziehung zwischen dem Emotionsbewusstsein zu T1 und der depressiven Symptomatik zu T2 vermittelt. Methodik: Bei N = 136 Jugendlichen (55.9 % ♀, M = 11.53 Jahre; SD = 0.82) wurde zu T1 das Emotionsbewusstsein erfasst. Adaptive sowie maladaptive Strategien zur Trauerregulation und die Depressionssymptomatik wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten, zwischen denen ein Abstand von M = 15 Wochen ( SD = 4.22) lag, erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein hohes Emotionsbewusstsein zu T1 über eine Zunahme maladaptiver Regulationsstrategien mit einer stärkeren depressiven Symptomatik zu T2 verknüpft ist. Ein vermittelnder Effekt über die Veränderung adaptiver Regulationsstrategien fand sich nicht. Eine Zunahme adaptiver Strategien stand in Zusammenhang mit niedrigen Depressionswerten zu T2. Schlussfolgerung: In der Prävention sollte das Emotionsbewusstsein in Kombination mit Techniken zur Beendigung maladaptiver Trauer-Regulationsstrategien vermittelt werden. Adaptive Strategien zur Bewältigung von Trauer sollten systematisch aufgebaut und eingeübt werden.
Euthanasia Distress and Fearlessness About Death in German Veterinarians
Authors: Glaesmer Heide , Bahramsoltani Mahtab , Schwerdtfeger Kathrin , Spangenberg Lena
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Background: The elevated risk of suicide in veterinarians is still not well understood, but euthanasia distress and increased fearlessness about death (FAD) have been discussed as specific risk factors. Aims: We investigated German veterinarians to test whether FAD is increased compared with the general population, whether FAD is associated with euthanasia distress, and whether there are differences between different fields in veterinary medicine. Methods: German veterinarians were assessed via self-report instruments and compared with a representative general population sample. There was no difference in FAD. Lower euthanasia distress was significantly associated with higher FAD. Limitations: Although we were able to recruit a large sample of veterinarians, the generalizability is limited by the voluntary nature of participation and the related risk of bias. Results: There was no difference in FAD. Lower euthanasia distress was significantly associated with higher FAD. Conclusion: Although lower euthanasia distress as an indicator of habituation to euthanasia is associated with higher FAD, one cannot assume that increased FAD in veterinarians is a specific risk factor for suicidality in veterinarians.
Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex
Authors: Lange Shannon , Bagge Courtney , Probst Charlotte , Rehm Jürgen
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.
Psychological Interventions for Health Anxiety and Somatic	Symptoms
Authors: Maass Ulrike , Kühne Franziska , Maas Jana , Unverdross Maria , Weck Florian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions for severe health anxiety (SHA) regarding somatic symptoms (SS) and health anxiety (HA). The databases Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL were searched on May 15, 2019, May 16, 2019, and August 5, 2019, respectively. Eighteen randomized controlled trials ( N = 2,050) met the inclusion criteria (i.e., hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder with elevated HA being assessed with validated interviews; use of standardized outcome measures). Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies’ risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool. Overall, psychological interventions were significantly more effective than waitlist, treatment-as-usual, or placebo post-treatment ( gSS = 0.70, gHA = 1.11) and at follow-up ( gSS = 0.33, gHA = 0.70). CBT outperformed other psychological interventions or pharmacotherapy for HA post-treatment (Hedge’s  gHA = 0.81). The number of sessions did not significantly predict the effect sizes. In sum, psychological interventions were effective for SHA, but the generalizability of the results for SS is limited, because only two high-quality trials contributed to the comparisons.
Do Women With Severe Persistent Fatigue Present With Fatigue at the	Primary Care Consultation?
Authors: olde Hartman Tim C. , Scheepers Tomas P. , Lucassen Peter , van Boven Kees
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Recent studies have shown underdiagnosis of severe persistent fatigue in primary care. To study how patients with severe persistent fatigue present in primary care and whether they differ from patients with less severe fatigue and patients with no fatigue. A 4-year retrospective database study combined with a questionnaire, including all female patients 25–50 years ( n = 917) who are registered in one primary care group practice. Based on the results of a validated self-administered questionnaire, patients were divided into three groups: patients with severe persistent fatigue ( n = 42), patients with fatigue ( n = 174), and patients with no fatigue ( n = 246). Data on frequency of consulting, reason for encounter, and diagnoses from 2009 to 2013 were obtained from the electronic medical health record. Data were analyzed using odds ratios. Women with severe persistent fatigue more often were unemployed and had lower education. They visited the general practitioners (GP) more often than other women. However, more than half of the women with severe persistent fatigue did not visit their GP with fatigue as reason for encounter at all during the 4 years of study. A minority of the women with severe persistent fatigue received a psychological diagnosis or social diagnosis (36% and 19%, respectively) during these 4 years. Underdiagnosis of severe persistent fatigue is partly a consequence of patients not presenting or reporting this to their GP. The reasons for this behavior are not clear.
Stepped, Collaborative, Coordinated Care for Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (Sofu-Net)
Authors: Shedden-Mora Meike C. , Kuby Amina , Tönnies Justus , Piontek Katharina , Löwe Bernd
Published: May 2020

Abstract. To improve early detection and adequate treatment for patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD), we implemented Sofu-Net, a stepped, collaborative, and coordinated health care network. This mixed-methods study aimed to evaluate Sofu-Net from the health care professionals’ perspective. Network partners (primary care physicians (PCPs), psychotherapists, inpatient mental health clinics) completed an evaluation survey. Following, qualitative analysis of focus groups explored facilitating factors and barriers of Sofu-Net. Of 66 network partners who completed the survey (response 83.5%), the majority was satisfied with Sofu-Net, and perceived improvements regarding management, early detection, and referral to mental health care. Both survey and focus groups identified interdisciplinary collaboration and diagnostic screening as most relevant facilitating factors. Important barriers to implementation included challenges in patient referral and structural factors. Necessary prerequisites for future stepped collaborative care for SSRD include structures facilitating diagnosis, inter-professional collaboration and referral, availability of mental health care, inclusion of comorbidities, and adequate reimbursement.
The Composition of ~96 keV W+ in Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: DiFabio R. D. , Christon S. P. , Hamilton D. C. , Mitchell D. G. , Krimigis S. M.
Published: May 2020

Enceladus produces plumes of water vapor and ice particles whose gaseous H2O molecules dissociate into OH and O. The gas ejecta form a large toroidal planetary cloud colocated with and partially sourced by a similarly large torus of ice grain ejecta. Gas torus neutrals are ionized by charge exchange, solar ultraviolet, and electron impacts, producing the thermal water group ions, W+ (O+, OH+, H2O+, and H3O+), which become energized in Saturn's magnetosphere. We study the components of energetic (~96 keV) W+ using Cassini Charge‐Energy‐Mass Spectrometer (CHEMS) data from 78 near‐equatorial main ring current passes (dipole L = 7–16, ±10° in latitude) in 2004–2010. W+ fractional abundances are ~53% O+, ~22% OH+, ~22% H2O+, and ~3% H3O+, when averaged over L = 7–16, resulting in a mean water group mass of 16.7 amu. This large energetic O+ fractional abundance, over twice that observed for thermal O+ at L < 10, qualitatively agrees with the broad atomic O cloud observed by Cassini and predicted by some models. Fractional abundance ratios for O+/W+, OH+/W+, and H2O+/W+ vary little over L = 7–21. Our observation of energetic H2O+/W+ ≈ 22% out to L ~ 21 suggests that neutral H2O spreads throughout the magnetosphere rather than being confined to a narrow torus centered on Enceladus' orbit. Although nearly constant at <2% for L > 13, H3O+/W+ tends to increase significantly to ~4–5% at L ~ 7–8.
Stress Perturbation From Aseismic Slip Drives the Seismic Front During Fluid Injection in a Permeable Fault
Authors: Wynants‐Morel Nicolas , Cappa Frédéric , De Barros Louis , Ampuero Jean‐Paul
Published: May 2020

Fluid pressure changes affect fault stability and can promote the initiation of earthquakes and aseismic slip. However, the relationship between seismic and aseismic fault slip during fluid injection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate, through 3‐D hydromechanical modeling, the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity and aseismic slip on a permeable, slip‐weakening fault subjected to a local injection of fluid, under different prestress conditions. The model results in an expanding aseismic slip region, which concentrates shear stress at its edge and triggers seismicity. The aseismic slip dominates the slip budget, whatever the initial fault stress. We find that the seismicity is collocated with the aseismic rupture front rather than with the fluid pressure diffusion front. On faults initially far from failure, the aseismic rupture front is located behind or at the pressure front. On faults initially closer to failure, the model predicts that both the rupture front and the seismicity outpace the pressurized zone, resulting in a sharp increase of the migration velocity and released moment of the seismicity. Insights gained from this modeling study exhibit various features that are observed in sequences of induced earthquakes in both field experiments and natural reservoir systems and can help guide the interpretation of past and future observations of induced seismicity.
Once Again into the Northwest Passage
Authors: Crable Frances , Garcia-Eidell Cynthia , Ewa Theressa , Raziuddin Humair , Umar Samira
Published: May 2020

After two unsuccessful tries, a hardy band of undergraduate students conducted a successful Arctic research and outreach expedition through the Northwest Passage.
High placental inositol content associated with suppressed pro-adipogenic effects of maternal glycaemia in offspring: the GUSTO cohort
Authors: Chu Anne H. Y. , Tint Mya T. , Chang Hsin F. , Wong Gerard , Yuan Wen Lun , Tull Dedreia , Nijagal Brunda , Narayana Vinod K. , Meikle Peter J. , Chang Kenneth T. E. , Lewis Rohan M. , Chi Claudia , Yap Fabian K. P. , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette P. , Chong Yap-Seng , Gluckman Peter D. , Lee Yung Seng , Fortier Marielle V. , Godfrey Keith M. , Eriksson Johan G. , Karnani Neerja , Chan Shiao-Yng
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives

Maternal glycaemia promotes fetal adiposity. Inositol, an insulin sensitizer, has been trialled for gestational diabetes prevention. The placenta has been implicated in how maternal hyperglycaemia generates fetal pathophysiology, but no studies have examined whether placental inositol biology is altered with maternal hyperglycaemia, nor whether such alterations impact fetal physiology. We aimed to investigate whether the effects of maternal glycaemia on offspring birthweight and adiposity at birth differed across placental inositol levels.

Methods

Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort, maternal fasting glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) were obtained in pregnant women by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test around 26 weeks’ gestation. Relative placental inositol was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were birthweight (n = 884) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) volumes measured by neonatal MRI scanning in a subset (n = 262) of term singleton pregnancies. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

Placental inositol was lower in those with higher 2hPG, no exposure to tobacco smoke antenatally, with vaginal delivery and shorter gestation. Positive associations of FPG with birthweight (adjusted β [95% CI] 164.8 g [109.1, 220.5]) and AAT (17.3 ml [11.9, 22.6] per mmol glucose) were observed, with significant interactions between inositol tertiles and FPG in relation to these outcomes (p < 0.05). Stratification by inositol tertiles showed that each mmol/L increase in FPG was associated with increased birthweight and AAT volume among cases within the lowest (birthweight = 174.2 g [81.2, 267.2], AAT = 21.0 ml [13.1, 28.8]) and middle inositol tertiles (birthweight = 202.0 g [103.8, 300.1], AAT = 19.7 ml [9.7, 29.7]). However, no significant association was found among cases within the highest tertile (birthweight = 81.0 g [−21.2, 183.2], AAT = 0.8 ml [−8.4, 10.0]).

Conclusions

High placental inositol may protect the fetus from the pro-adipogenic effects of maternal glycaemia. Studies are warranted to investigate whether prenatal inositol supplementation can increase placental inositol and reduce fetal adiposity.
Fatigue, quality of life and physical fitness following an exercise intervention in multiple myeloma survivors (MASCOT): an exploratory randomised Phase 2 trial utilising a modified Zelen design
Authors: Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. , Land Joanne , Hackshaw Allan , Heinrich Malgorzata , McCourt Orla , Beeken Rebecca J. , Philpott Stephanie , DeSilva Dunnya , Rismani Ali , Rabin Neil , Popat Rakesh , Kyriakou Charalampia , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Mehta Atul , Paton Bruce , Fisher Abigail , Yong Kwee L.
Published: May 2020

Background

Exercise may improve fatigue in multiple myeloma survivors, but trial evidence is limited, and exercise may be perceived as risky in this older patient group with osteolytic bone destruction.

Methods

In this Phase 2 Zelen trial, multiple myeloma survivors who had completed treatment at least 6 weeks ago, or were on maintenance only, were enrolled in a cohort study and randomly assigned to usual care or a 6-month exercise programme of tailored aerobic and resistance training. Outcome assessors and usual care participants were masked. The primary outcome was the FACIT-F fatigue score with higher scores denoting less fatigue.

Results

During 2014–2016, 131 participants were randomised 3:1 to intervention (n = 89) or usual care (n = 42) to allow for patients declining allocation to the exercise arm. There was no difference between groups in fatigue at 3 months (between-group mean difference: 1.6 [95% CI: −1.1–4.3]) or 6 months (0.3 [95% CI: −2.6–3.1]). Muscle strength improved at 3 months (8.4 kg [95% CI: 0.5–16.3]) and 6 months (10.8 kg [95% CI: 1.2–20.5]). Using per-protocol analysis, cardiovascular fitness improved at 3 months (+1.2 ml/kg/min [95% CI: 0.3–3.7]). In participants with clinical fatigue (n = 17), there was a trend towards less fatigue with exercise over 6 months (6.3 [95% CI: −0.6–13.3]). There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusions

Exercise appeared safe and improved muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness, but benefits in fatigue appeared limited to participants with clinical fatigue at baseline. Future studies should focus on patients with clinical fatigue.

Clinical trial registration

The study was registered with ISRCTN (38480455) and is completed.
Stress-induced TRAILR2 expression overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer cell spheroids
Authors: Stöhr Daniela , Schmid Jens O. , Beigl Tobias B. , Mack Alexandra , Maichl Daniela S. , Cao Kai , Budai Beate , Fullstone Gavin , Kontermann Roland E. , Mürdter Thomas E. , Tait Stephen W. G. , Hagenlocher Cathrin , Pollak Nadine , Scheurich Peter , Rehm Markus
Published: May 2020

The influence of 3D microenvironments on apoptosis susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the susceptibility of cancer cell spheroids, grown to the size of micrometastases, to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Interestingly, pronounced, spatially coordinated response heterogeneities manifest within spheroidal microenvironments: In spheroids grown from genetically identical cells, TRAIL-resistant subpopulations enclose, and protect TRAIL-hypersensitive cells, thereby increasing overall treatment resistance. TRAIL-resistant layers form at the interface of proliferating and quiescent cells and lack both TRAILR1 and TRAILR2 protein expression. In contrast, oxygen, and nutrient deprivation promote high amounts of TRAILR2 expression in TRAIL-hypersensitive cells in inner spheroid layers. COX-II inhibitor celecoxib further enhanced TRAILR2 expression in spheroids, likely resulting from increased ER stress, and thereby re-sensitized TRAIL-resistant cell layers to treatment. Our analyses explain how TRAIL response heterogeneities manifest within well-defined multicellular environments, and how spatial barriers of TRAIL resistance can be minimized and eliminated.
Reversal of the seasonality of temperature-attributable mortality from respiratory diseases in Spain
Authors: Achebak Hicham , Devolder Daniel , Ingole Vijendra , Ballester Joan
Published: May 2020

A growing number of epidemiological studies have recently assessed temporal variations in vulnerability and/or mortality attributable to hot and cold temperatures. However, the eventual changes in the seasonal distribution of temperature-attributable mortality remain unexplored. Here, we analyse countrywide daily time-series of temperature and mortality counts from respiratory diseases by sex, age group and province of residence during the period 1980–2016 in Spain. We show the complete reversal of the seasonality of temperature-attributable mortality, with a significant shift of the maximum monthly incidence from winter to summer, and the minimum monthly incidence from early and late summer to winter. The reversal in the seasonal distribution of the attributable deaths is not driven by the observed warming in both winter and summer temperatures, but rather by the very large decrease in the risk of death due to cold temperatures and the relatively much smaller reduction due to hot temperatures. We conclude that the projected decrease in the number of moderate and extreme cold days due to climate warming will not contribute to a further reduction of cold-attributable respiratory deaths.
Integrative Circuit-Host Modeling of a Genetic Switch in Varying Environments
Authors: Sickle Jordan J. , Ni Congjian , Shen Daniel , Wang Zewei , Jin Matthew , Lu Ting
Published: May 2020

Synthetic biology is advancing into a new phase where real-world applications are emphasized. There is hence an urgent need for mathematical modeling that can quantitatively describe the behaviors of genetic devices in natural, fluctuating environments. We utilize an integrative circuit-host modeling framework to examine the dynamics of a genetic switch and its host cell in varying environments. For both steady-state and transient cases, we find increasing nutrient reduces the bistability region of the phase space and eventually drives the switch from bistability to monostability. In response, cellular growth and proteome partitioning experience the same transition. Antibiotic perturbations cause the similar circuit and host responses as nutrient variations. However, one difference is the trend of growth rate, which augments with nutrient but declines with antibiotic levels. The framework provides a mechanistic scheme to account for both the dynamic and static characteristics of the circuit-host system upon environmental perturbations, underscoring the intimacy of gene circuits and their hosts and elucidating the complexity of circuit behaviors arising from environmental variations.
The near-symmetry of protein oligomers: NMR-derived structures
Authors: Bonjack Maayan , Avnir David
Published: May 2020

The majority of oligomeric proteins form clusters which have rotational or dihedral symmetry. Despite the many advantages of symmetric packing, protein oligomers are only nearly symmetric, and the origin of this phenomenon is still in need to be fully explored. Here we apply near-symmetry analyses by the Continuous Symmetry Measures methodology of protein homomers to their natural state, namely their structures in solution. NMR-derived structural data serves us for that purpose. We find that symmetry deviations of proteins are by far higher in solution, compared to the crystalline state; that much of the symmetry distortion is due to amino acids along the interface between the subunits; that the distortions are mainly due to hydrophilic amino acids; and that distortive oligomerization processes such as the swap-domain mechanism can be identified by the symmetry analysis. Most of the analyses were carried out on distorted C2-symmetry dimers, but C3 and D2 cases were analyzed as well. Our NMR analysis supports the idea that the crystallographic B-factor represents non-classical crystals, in which different conformers pack in the crystal, perhaps from the conformers which the NMR analysis provides.
Recycling of worn out brake pads ‒ impact on tribology and environment
Authors: Lyu Yezhe , Ma Jijie , Åström Anna Hedlund , Wahlström Jens , Olofsson Ulf
Published: May 2020

Disc brake systems are widely used on commercial vehicles for braking. The brake pads are usually replaced by new ones before being totally worn out. Current methods to deal with the replaced brake pads include landfill and combustion, resulting in a huge waste of resources and increase of CO2 footprint. From a sustainable point of view, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of recycling replaced brake pads by addressing a protocol recycling procedure. The results show that the recycled brake pads yield similar friction, wear and airborne particle emission to virgin brake pads. A streamlined life cycle assessment is conducted to compare the environmental impacts between producing virgin brake pads and recycling replaced brake pads. Energy consumption and CO2 footprint of the recycled brake pads are 36% and 34% less than virgin brake pads, indicating that recycling could be a promising method of handling replaced brake pads.
Rapid three-dimensional structuring of transparent SiO2 glass using interparticle photo-cross-linkable suspensions
Authors: Arita Ryoya , Iijima Motoyuki , Fujishiro Yoko , Morita Seitaro , Furukawa Taichi , Tatami Junichi , Maruo Shoji
Published: May 2020

Photo-curable suspensions are important materials for shaping complex-structured ceramic and glass components. However, most systems undergo slow debinding and sintering so to avoid structural collapse by rapid gas generation from polymers. Here, we propose a new strategy to fabricate interparticle photo-cross-linkable suspensions for rapid three-dimensional structuring with short debinding and sintering times. SiO2 particles modified with polyethyleneimine complexed with oleic acid (PEI-OA) are dispersed into a refractive-index-tuned solvent, where a photo-radical initiator and a lower-than-typical amount of multifunctional acrylates (MAs) were dissolved. The SiO2 suspension is cured by the photo-radical polymerization of MA and the Michael additive reaction between polymerized MA and amino groups of PEI-OA on SiO2 particles. These photo-curable suspensions can be employed in various shaping processes, from micro-scale stereolithography to centimeter-scale silicone molding. The SiO2 green compacts with complex structures are also debinded and sintered into transparent glass components by rapid heating.
An enhanced gas sensor based on SiO2@mesoporous MCM-41 core–shell nanocomposites for SO2 visual detection
Authors: Yang Ji , Cheng Fuqiang , Zhu Zuogang , Feng Jinsheng , Xue Min , Meng Zihui , Qiu Lili
Published: May 2020

A colorimetric sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas sensor based on a core–shell composite was developed.
Bismuth iron molybdenum oxide solid solution: a novel and durable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Khatun Sakila , Roy Poulomi
Published: May 2020

Bismuth iron molybdenum oxide solid solution has been identified as a potential electrocatalyst for the first time. Besides its outstanding electrocatalytic performance, the material withstands highly alkaline medium, showing long-term stability.
Turning on solid-state phosphorescence of platinum acetylides with aromatic stacking
Authors: Mullin William J. , Qin Huan , Mani Tomoyasu , Müller Peter , Panzer Matthew J. , Thomas Samuel W.
Published: May 2020

This communication describes a platinum acetylide that phosphoresces as a solid due to programmed aromatic stacking interactions of pendant arenes that prevent intermolecular aggregation.
Trimetallic NiCoMo/graphene multifunctional electrocatalysts with moderate structural/electronic effects for highly efficient alkaline urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Shi Wei , Sun Xiujuan , Ding Rui , Ying Danfeng , Huang Yongfa , Huang Yuxi , Tan Caini , Jia Ziyang , Liu Enhui
Published: May 2020

Trimetallic NiCoMo/graphene multifunctional electrocatalysts with moderate structural/electronic effects demonstrate excellent catalytic performance towards alkaline urea oxidation reaction.
Solar energy storage in a Cs2AgBiBr6 halide double perovskite photoelectrochemical cell
Authors: Prabhu Kiran , Chandiran Aravind Kumar
Published: May 2020

Solar energy storage in cobalt complexes and methyl viologen redox mediators is achieved with a halide double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6