bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Field Impairment and Driver Fitness: A 1-Year Review of Crashes and Traffic Violations
Authors: Kristalovich Lisa , Ben Mortenson W.
Published: July 2019

Importance: Occupational therapists frequently assess the fitness to drive of people with visual field impairment, but the relationship between these assessments and driving performance over time is not well understood.

Objective: To determine traffic violation and crash incidence over a 1-yr period for drivers with visual field impairment.

Design: Retrospective review of medical and driving records.

Setting: British Columbia, Canada.

Participants: Participants (N = 445) were ages 26–74 yr with binocular, corrected visual acuity of ≥20/50. Goldmann visual field tests were reviewed to stratify participants on the basis of visual field impairment and whether impairments exceeded licensing standards.

Outcome and Measures: Traffic records were reviewed to determine group-specific traffic violations and crash incidence during the year after the visual field test.

Results: Of 445 participants, 292 held a valid driver’s license during the designated period. Participants not meeting the licensing standards were less likely to become licensed than participants who met the standards. The results indicate that drivers with visual field impairment did not have a higher probability of crashes or violations than drivers without visual field impairment.

Conclusion: Drivers with visual field impairment who retained a driver’s license did not have an increased probability of crashes in the following year. A larger, prospective, mixed methods study of long-term driving behaviors among people with visual field impairment is recommended.

What This Article Adds: This study provides preliminary data on the 1-yr incidence of traffic violations and crashes among people with visual field impairment.
Evaluation of an Occupation-Based Retreat for Women After Pregnancy or Infant Loss
Authors: Hanish Kiley Krekorian , Margulies Ivy , Cogan Alison M.
Published: July 2019

Importance: Pregnancy loss and infant death are unexpected, traumatic, life-changing events. The role of occupational therapy practitioners in treating this population is not well defined.

Objective: To describe the outcomes of an occupation-based residential retreat for women who have experienced pregnancy or infant loss.

Design: Program evaluation.

Setting: Seven residential retreats for bereaved mothers.

Participants: One hundred forty-one women who experienced perinatal loss.

Intervention: Residential retreats that were held in natural settings and included occupation-based activities such as group discussions, yoga, meditation, crafts, and rituals to facilitate grieving and healing processes after perinatal loss.

Outcomes and Measures: The Beck Depression Inventory, PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Self-Compassion Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were collected pre- and postretreat.

Results: Statistically significant improvements were seen in women’s depression, trauma, self-compassion, and perceived social support from pre- to postretreat.

Conclusions and Relevance: At present, occupational therapy practitioners support this population primarily by providing referrals and information about local resources. However, as occupational therapy practice in primary care settings grows, so too do possibilities for the development of occupational therapy–related interventions to support maternal mental health.

What This Article Adds: This article provides preliminary support for occupation-based retreats as a treatment for improving maternal mental health after perinatal loss.
Development of the DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zürich (DRINCZ): Validation and application to field collected snow samples
Authors: David Robert O. , Cascajo Castresana Maria , Brennan Killian P. , Rösch Michael , Els Nora , Werz Julia , Weichlinger Vera , Boynton Lin S. , Bogler Sophie , Borduas-Dedekind Nadine , Marcolli Claudia , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ice formation in the atmosphere is important for regulating cloud lifetime, Earth's radiative balance and initiating precipitation. Due to the difference in the saturation vapor pressure over ice and water, in mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), ice will grow at the expense of supercooled cloud droplets. As such, MPCs, which contain both supercooled liquid and ice, are particularly susceptible to ice formation. However, measuring and quantifying the concentration of ice nucleating particles (INPs) responsible for ice formation at temperatures associated with MPCs is challenging due to their very low concentrations in the atmosphere (~ 1 in 105 at − 30 °C). Atmospheric INP concentrations vary over several orders of magnitude at a single temperature and strongly increase as temperature approaches the homogeneous freezing threshold of water. To further quantify the INP concentration in nature and perform systematic laboratory studies to increase the understanding of the properties responsible for ice nucleation, a new drop freezing instrument, the DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ) is developed. The instrument is based on the design of previous drop freezing assays and uses a USB camera to automatically detect freezing in a 96-well tray cooled in an ethanol chilled bath with an automated analysis procedure. Based on an in-depth characterization of DRINCZ, we develop a new method for quantifying and correcting temperature biases across drop freezing assays. DRINCZ is further validated performing NX illite experiments, which compare well with the literature. The temperature uncertainty in DRINCZ was determined to be ± 0.9 ˚C. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of DRINCZ by measuring and analyzing field collected snow samples during an evolving synoptic situation in the Austrian Alps. The field samples fall within previously observed ranges for cumulative INP concentrations and show a dependence on air mass origin and upstream precipitation amount.
Hydromorphological attributes for all Australian river reaches derived from Landsat dynamic inundation remote sensing
Authors: Hou Jiawei , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Renzullo Luigi J. , Vertessy Robert A. , Mueller Norman
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Hydromorphological attributes such as flow width, water
extent, and gradient play an important role in river hydrological,
biogeochemical, and ecological processes and can help to predict river
conveyance capacity, discharge, and flow routing. While there are some river
width datasets at global or regional scales, they do not consider temporal
variation in river width and do not cover all Australian rivers. We combined
detailed mapping of 1.4 million river reaches across the Australian
continent with inundation frequency mapping from 27 years of Landsat
observations. From these, the average flow width at different recurrence
frequencies was calculated for all reaches, having a combined length of 3.3 million km. A parameter γ was proposed to describe the shape of the
frequency–width relationship and can be used to classify reaches by the
degree to which flow regime tends towards permanent, frequent, intermittent,
or ephemeral. Conventional scaling rules relating river width to gradient and
contributing catchment area and discharge were investigated, demonstrating
that such rules capture relatively little of the real-world variability.
Uncertainties mainly occur in multi-channel reaches and reaches with
unconnected water bodies. The calculated reach attributes are easily
combined with the river vector data in a GIS, which should be useful for
research and practical applications such as water resource management,
aquatic habitat enhancement, and river engineering and management. The
dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.25914/5c637a7449353 (Hou et al., 2019).
Regionally refined test bed in E3SM atmosphere model version 1 (EAMv1) and applications for high-resolution modeling
Authors: Tang Qi , Klein Stephen A. , Xie Shaocheng , Lin Wuyin , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Roesler Erika L. , Taylor Mark A. , Rasch Philip J. , Bader David C. , Berg Larry K. , Caldwell Peter , Giangrande Scott E. , Neale Richard B. , Qian Yun , Riihimaki Laura D. , Zender Charles S. , Zhang Yuying , Zheng Xue
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Climate simulations with more accurate process-level
representation at finer resolutions (<100 km) are a pressing need in
order to provide more detailed actionable information to policy makers
regarding extreme events in a changing climate. Computational limitation is
a major obstacle for building and running high-resolution (HR, here
0.25∘ average grid spacing at the Equator) models (HRMs). A more
affordable path to HRMs is to use a global regionally refined model (RRM),
which only simulates a portion of the globe at HR while the remaining is at
low resolution (LR, 1∘). In this study, we compare the Energy Exascale
Earth System Model (E3SM) atmosphere model version 1 (EAMv1) RRM with the HR
mesh over the contiguous United States (CONUS) to its corresponding globally
uniform LR and HR configurations as well as to observations and reanalysis
data. The RRM has a significantly reduced computational cost (roughly
proportional to the HR mesh size) relative to the globally uniform HRM. Over
the CONUS, we evaluate the simulation of important dynamical and physical
quantities as well as various precipitation measures. Differences between
the RRM and HRM over the HR region are predominantly small, demonstrating
that the RRM reproduces the precipitation metrics of the HRM over the CONUS.
Further analysis based on RRM simulations with the LR vs. HR model
parameters reveals that RRM performance is greatly influenced by the
different parameter choices used in the LR and HR EAMv1. This is a result of
the poor scale-aware behavior of physical parameterizations, especially for
variables influencing sub-grid-scale physical processes. RRMs can serve as a
useful framework to test physics schemes across a range of scales, leading
to improved consistency in future E3SM versions. Applying
nudging-to-observations techniques within the RRM framework also
demonstrates significant advantages over a free-running configuration for
use as a test bed and as such represents an efficient and more robust
physics test bed capability. Our results provide additional confirmatory
evidence that the RRM is an efficient and effective test bed for HRM
development.
Global partitioning of runoff generation mechanisms using remote
sensing data
Authors: Lucey Joseph T. D. , Reager John T. , Lopez Sonya R.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A set of complex processes contribute to generate river runoff, which in the hydrological sciences are typically divided into two major categories: surface runoff, sometimes called Hortonian flow, and baseflow-driven runoff or Dunne flow. In this study, we examine the covariance of global satellite-based surface water inundation observations with two remotely sensed hydrological variables, precipitation, and terrestrial water storage, to better understand how apparent runoff generation responds to these two dominant forcing mechanisms. Terrestrial water storage observations come from NASA's GRACE mission, while precipitation comes from the GPCP combined product, and surface inundation levels from the NASA SWAMPS product. We evaluate the statistical relationship between surface water inundation, total water storage anomalies, and precipitation values under different time lag and quality control adjustments between the data products. We find that the global prediction of surface inundation improves when considering a quality control threshold of 50 % reliability for the SWAMPS data, and after applying time lags ranging from 1 to 5 months. Precipitation tends to be the dominant driver of surface water formation at zero time lag in most locations, while very wet tropical locations and high latitudes also contain a storage driven runoff component at variable time lags.
Spatiotemporal analysis of flash flooding events in mountainous area
of China during 1950–2015
Authors: Wang Nan , Cheng Weiming , Zhao Min , Liu Qiangyi , Wang Jing , Liu Dongcheng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Flash flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters that occur in mountainous areas. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash flooding across China is important for enabling better disaster estimation and prevention on the national scale. To bridge the gap in the research of the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash flooding events (FFEs), based on the longest time series of FFEs in China, this paper used Mann-Kendall (MK) test, wavelet analysis, monthly frequency and index of dispersion (D) to detect the temporal variation, temporal periodic and temporal clustering of FFEs in China. The results indicated that: (1) A marked rising in the number of FFEs in China was detected, with a growth rate of 23.62 per year since 1950; (2) On the large scale, the main periodicity characteristics was approximately 12–25 a, with three oscillation periods, and tended to be stable since 1980; On the small scale, the 2–8 a time scale was prominent, with two oscillation periods, and tended to be stable since 2006; (3) The intra-annual frequency distribution of FFEs can be divided into three types, right-skew, left-skew and symmetry; (4) The inter-annual clustering played the dominant role in FFEs occurrence across China, while the under-dispersions were only detected in six (5 %) watersheds. Precipitation anomalies and soil moisture were detected to have a close correlation with FFEs, however, the interplay of climatic variations and anthropogenic activities may impose greatly impacts on the occurrence and evolution of the flash flooding disasters on a large extent. This study provided a preliminary reference for revealing the driving factors of flash flooding disasters in the context of climate change.
Back-calculation of the 2017 Piz Cengalo-Bondo landslide cascade with r.avaflow
Authors: Mergili Martin , Jaboyedoff Michel , Pullarello José , Pudasaini Shiva P.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In the morning of 23 August 2017, around 3 million m3 of granitoid rock broke off from the east face of Piz Cengalo, SE Switzerland. The initial rock slide-rock fall entrained 0.6 million m3 of a glacier and continued as a rock(-ice) avalanche, before evolving into a channelized debris flow that reached the village of Bondo at a distance of 6.5 km after a couple of minutes. Subsequent debris flow surges followed in the next hours and days. The event resulted in eight fatalities along its path and severely damaged Bondo. The most likely candidates for the water causing the transformation of the rock avalanche into a long-runout debris flow are the entrained glacier ice and water originating from the debris beneath the rock avalanche. In the present work we try to reconstruct conceptually and numerically the cascade from the initial rock slide-rock fall to the first debris flow surge and thereby consider two scenarios in terms of qualitative conceptual process models: (i) entrainment of most of the glacier ice by the frontal part of the initial rock slide-rock fall and/or injection of water from the basal sediments due to sudden rise in pore pressure, leading to a frontal debris flow, with the rear part largely remaining dry and depositing mid-valley; and (ii) most of the entrained glacier ice remaining beneath/behind the frontal rock avalanche, and developing into an avalanching flow of ice and water, part of which overtops and partially entrains the rock avalanche deposit, resulting in a debris flow. Both scenarios can be numerically reproduced with the two-phase mass flow model implemented with the simulation software r.avaflow, based on plausible assumptions of the model parameters. However, these simulation results do not allow to conclude on which of the two scenarios is the more likely one. Future work will be directed towards the application of a three-phase flow model (rock, ice, fluid) including phase transitions, in order to better represent the melting of glacier ice, and a more appropriate consideration of deposition of debris flow material along the channel.
Extremeness of recent drought events in Switzerland: dependence
on variable and return period choice
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Liechti Katharina , Zappa Massimiliano
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The 2018 drought event had severe ecological, economic, and social impacts. How extreme was it in Switzerland? We addressed this question by looking at different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and groundwater drought, and at the two characteristics deficit and deficit duration. The analysis consisted of three main steps: (1) event identification using a threshold-level approach, (2) drought frequency analysis, and (3) comparison of the 2018 event to the severe 2003 and 2015 events. In Step 2 the variables precipitation, discharge, soil moisture, and low-flow storage were first considered separately in a univariate frequency analysis; pairs of variables were then investigated jointly in a bivariate frequency analysis using a copula model for expressing the dependence between the two variables under consideration. Our results show that the 2018 event was especially severe in north-eastern Switzerland in terms of soil moisture, with return periods locally exceeding 100 years. Slightly longer return periods were estimated when discharge and soil moisture deficits were considered together. The return period estimates depended on the region, variable, and return period considered. A single answer to the question of how extreme the 2018 drought event was in Switzerland is therefore not possible – it rather depends on the processes one is interested in.
Contribution of shipping NOx emissions to the marine nitrogenbudget of the western Baltic Sea – A case study
Authors: Neumann Daniel , Karl Matthias , Radtke Hagen , Matthias Volker , Friedland René , Neumann Thomas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The western Baltic Sea is impacted by various anthropogenic activities and stressed by high riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads. Atmospheric deposition accounts for up to a third of the nitrogen input into the Baltic Sea and contributes to eutrophication. Amongst other emission sources, the shipping sector is a relevant contributor to atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in marine regions. Thus, it also contributes to atmospheric deposition of bioavailable oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea. In this study, the contribution of shipping emissions to the nitrogen budget in the western Baltic Sea is evaluated with the coupled three-dimensional physical biogeochemical model MOM-ERGOM in order to assess the relevance of shipping emissions for eutrophication. The input of bioavailable nitrogen impacts eutrophication differently depending on time and place of input – e.g. nitrogen is processed and denitrified faster in flat coastal regions. The shipping sector contributes up to 5 % to the total nitrogen concentrations in the water. The impact of shipping-related nitrogen is highest in the off-shore regions distant to the coast in early summer but is considerably reduced during blooms of cyanobacteria in later summer. Although absolute shipping-related total nitrogen concentrations are high in some coastal regions, the relative contribution of the shipping sector is low in the vicinity to the coast because of high riverine nutrient loads.
Ice island thinning: Rates and model calibration with in situ observations from Baffin Bay, Nunavut
Authors: Crawford Anna J. , Mueller Derek , Crocker Gregory , Mingo Laurent , Desjardins Luc , Dumont Dany , Babin Marcel
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A 130 km2 tabular iceberg calved from Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland on 5 August 2012. Subsequent fracturing generated many individual large “ice islands”, including “Petermann Ice Island (PII)-A-1-f”, that drifted between Nares Strait and the North Atlantic. Thinning caused by basal and surface ablation increases the likelihood that these ice islands will fracture and disperse further, thereby increasing the risk to marine transport and infrastructure as well as the distribution of freshwater from the polar ice sheets. We use a unique stationary and mobile ice penetrating radar dataset collected over four campaigns to PII-A-1-f to quantify and contextualize ice island surface and basal ablation rates and calibrate a forced convection basal ablation model. The ice island thinned by 4.7 m over 11 months. The majority of thinning (73 %) resulted from basal ablation, but the associated volume loss was ~ 12 times less than that caused by areal reduction (e.g. wave erosion, calving, and fracture). However, localized thinning may have influenced a large fracture event that occurred along a section of ice that was ~ 40 m thinner than the remainder of the ice island. The calibration of the basal ablation model, the first with such field data, supports assigning the theoretically-derived value of 1.2 × 10−5 m2/5 s−1/5 °C−1 to the model's bulk heat transfer coefficient. Overall, this work highlights the value of systematically collecting ice island field data for analyzing deterioration processes, assessing their connections to ice island morphology, and adequately developing models for operational and research purposes.
Frozen structure and concessive relations: a complex predication
Authors: Mejri Salah
Published: July 2019

This paper aims at analyzing the concessive relation, as a complex predication, under the scope of the freezing concept. After having defined the three terms of the analysis, we proceed to the description of the concessive relation, which includes several predicates at a time. This complexity is fixed in the language through grammaticalization, as a form of freezing, by means of grammatical expressions used to structure the organization of the predicative relations in the utterance, whether sentencial or multi-sentencial. This fixation in the language declines the same concessive relation with semantic nuances that testify to the richness of this complex predication.
Enfermedad de Kawasaki
Authors: Mejía Machado Mirta Patricia , Prado López Lidia María , Araujo Lourdes , Medina Carias Reyna
Published: July 2019

La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK); vasculitis aguda de etiología desconocida, ocurre predominantemente durante la infancia. Las manifestaciones iniciales son fiebre alta, inflamación mucocutánea, linfadenopatía cervical, puede producir aneurismas en las arterias coronarias, depresión de la contractilidad miocárdica e insuficiencia cardíaca, infarto de miocardio, arritmias y una morbimortalidad significativa, su diagnóstico es clínico. La EK clásica se diagnostica con fiebre mayor de 5 días y al menos 4 de las siguientes características clínicas: inyección conjuntival bilateral, cambios en los labios y cavidad oral, adenopatía cervical, cambios en las extremidades y exantema polimorfo. Si se presentan pocos hallazgos clínicos, pero se encuentran anormalidades en las arterias coronarias en el ecocardiograma, se puede establecer el diagnóstico. La EK atípica se sospecha cuando hay fiebre, al menos 5 días con dos o tres de los síntomas principales, en algunas ocasiones puede presentarse como abdomen agudo, meningitis aséptica, pleuritis. La meta del tratamiento es evitar la inflamación sistémica, además prevenir trombosis en los aneurismas desarrollados. La inmunoglobulina (IG) es la piedra angular en el tratamiento, se inicia en los primeros 10 días de inicio de la fiebre (2 gr/kg dosis única), la aspirina (80-100 mg/kg por día VO) administrada en combinación con IG como tratamiento inicial durante 4 a 6 semanas. Es importante conocer los criterios de diagnóstico clínico para su detección y así poder evitar las complicaciones vasculares que representan una amenaza para la vida del paciente. En la presente revisión se describen su epidemiología, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento y complicaciones.
The Effectiveness of Relaxation Training in the Quality of Life and Anxiety of Patients with Asthma
Authors: Pourdowlat Guitti , Hejrati Roghyeh , Lookzadeh Somayeh
Published: July 2019

Introduction: With a 5–10% global prevalence, asthma, as a chronic condition which can strongly affect the quality of life of patients and care givers, needs comprehensive approach, including medications and psychological techniques, to get the optimal control. This is why the current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Papworth method relaxation training among patients with asthma, considering reduced anxiety and improved quality of life. Material and methods: Through a randomized controlled trial, 30 patients with asthma 20–45 years of age referring to a tertiary university hospital in Tehran enrolled two study groups, including disease cases and controls. The Papworth method of relaxation was used and was finally assessed for its effectiveness by two questionnaires, namely STAI for anxiety and SF-36 for the quality of life. Pre-test and post-test were done for both groups. Results: The scores of the anxiety questionnaire (STAI) before and after the intervention were significantly different, and the mean scores obviously reduced after relaxation training among cases from 102.6 to 79.5. The scores of the QOL grew clearly after relaxation training in the case group from 308.07 to 546.6. Conclusions: As an accessory helpful treatment, relaxation training Papworth method sounds to be perfectly able to control stressful conditions in patients with asthma to prevent disease attacks and improve the quality of life. So, psychological teams can be advised to referral centers for asthma in the relevant clinics to help people get training in this regard.
Determination of Energy Absorption on Seat Regions of Footwear for the Obese
Authors: Mathivanan Selvaraj , Mohan Ranganathan , Balachander Palanisami
Published: July 2019

Ideal footwear with a design configuration is necessitated as a tool of rehabilitation to render therapeutic benefits, especially for obese individuals who are experiencing greater risk during locomotion. Energy absorption is found to depend on variables like heel height, slope angle and load exerted by the body mass index. Statistical analysis was carried out to formulate a predictive equation for absorbed energy. It was found that a heel height of 30 mm offers an optimum base for further design of footwear. A coefficient of determination (R2) with a value of 0.933 indicates that the model fits the experimental data nicely. Hence, 30 mm 20 degree is suggested for designing ideal footwear as it enables load dissipation and energy absorption to render foot-comfort benefits and advantages to the user.
Research on Optimising the Insulation of Footwear Materials Using Statistical Methods
Authors: Serweta Wioleta , Matusiak Małgorzata , Ławińska Katarzyna
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the results of research on the thermal insulation properties of textile and leather materials are presented. These materials were used in order to develop innovative footwear upper combinations with higher hygienic properties. Outer leather materials (L1, L2) and textile (T1, T2, T3, T4) were joined around the edges by stitching with leather lining materials (LG1a, LG1b, LG1c) and textiles. Moreover, the textile linings were divided into the following groups: spacer fabrics (TG2a, TG2b, TG2c), flat textiles (TG3a, TG3b, TG3c) and flat textiles based on bamboo fibres (TG4a, TG4b, TG4c, TG4d). In the next step of these investigations, the materials were joined in a two – layered composition, where for the outer layer was upper material, and for the inner – lining material. For these compositions, the thermal insulation properties were measured with the use of an Alambeta device. The following material characteristics were determined: thermal conductivity, resistance and absorptivity, which were the most important parameters from a hygienic point of view. The classification mentioned above was important from the manufacturer’s point of view because it gave a set of information about optimal upper material configurations. With respect to the results obtained, the best packages from the thermal insulation point of view were as follows: L2 – TG4b, L1 – TG4b, T1 – LG1a, T2 – TG4a, T3 – TG4a & T4 – LG1a.
Fellow Feelings: Fraternity, Equality and the Origin and Stability of Justice
Authors: Munoz-Darde Veronique
Published: July 2019

This article presents an analysis of the role that the idea of fraternity plays in John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice. Many commentators, G.A. Cohen for example, have taken as their target the role of fraternity in understanding the difference principle. (‘A further merit of the difference principle is that it provides an interpretation of the principle of fraternity.’) The article highlights the neglected connection between Rawls’s principle of fraternity and the role of sentiments in A Theory of Justice. I focus, in particular, on the third part of A Theory of Justice, which has received less attention in the secondary literature. The main idea put forward is that, contrary to what his egalitarian critics contend, the Rawlsian conception of fraternity constitutes the most plausible version of this political ideal: one which is properly egalitarian.
Fraternidad, metáfora y democracia
Authors: Riba Miralles Jordi
Published: July 2019

El texto se pregunta por el regreso y la renovación de la fraternidad a partir de la crisis de modernidad expuesta por el filósofo francés Jean-Marie Guyau, que a diferencia de las expuestas por otros autores contemporáneos, se encuentra más próxima de la crisis actual. Guyau  asocia el efecto de la crisis que el llama ‘irreligiosidad del futuro” con el advenimiento de la fraternidad. El concepto de fraternidad que Guyau expone nada tiene que ver con una fraternidad religiosa o ilustrada. En todo caso, se trata de una fraternidad huérfana. Desde esta orfandad, expuesta mediante el uso de la metáfora, se construye un proyecto de modernidad, especialmente sensible al vivir juntos, que tiene como elemento fundamental la reivindicación perdida de un proyecto humano que escape a los desvaríos del presente.
SINGLE-PHASE GROUND FAULT LINE SELECTION METHOD IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS BASED ON HIGH-VOLTAGE INVERTER INJECTED SIGNALS
Authors: LIU ZHENGYI , DENG CHANGHONG
Published: July 2019

Fault line selection is a major problem of distribution networks. Selection of the fault line in distribution networks is increasingly becoming difficult due to the connecting of abundant new energy resources. A fault line selection method based on injected characteristic signals by the inverter was proposed in this study to increase accuracy of fault line selection. Under fault of distribution networks, the proposed method selected fault line by changing the modulation strategy of the inverter for a short time and injecting characteristic signals. A typical simulation model of active distribution networks was constructed to analyze different earth faults in distribution networks. Accuracy of this model was verified by simulation analysis. Results demonstrate that characteristic signals at different zero-sequence current measuring points are significantly different after signals are injected. Accordingly, the fault line during faults with 500 O or lower ground resistance is distinguished. Under the occurrence of faults with 500 O or higher ground resistance, the characteristic signal injection method based on an inverter has better energy value and can increase accuracy of line selection effectively compared with the traditional energy method. This study provides certain references for fault line selection in distribution networks based on inverters.

Keywords: Distribution network, Single phase ground, Signal injection, Inverter, Fault line selection
Des enregistrements aux corpus : transcription et extraction de données d’interprétation en milieu médical
Authors: Niemants Natacha
Published: July 2019

Dans le domaine de l’interprétation de dialogue (ID), l’utilisation et l’utilité des corpus sont autant de sujets controversés. D’une part, la recherche est de plus en plus orientée vers l’étude de l’interaction authentique, ce qui entraîne une augmentation des données enregistrées et transcrites pouvant être explorées comme corpus ; de l’autre, l’intérêt de l’ID envers l’« interaction » plutôt que le « texte » diminue l’attrait des méthodes traditionnelles de la linguistique de corpus pour l’étude des données d’interprétation. Dans cet article, nous présenterons une collection de données d’ID assez importante (corpus AIM), que nous cherchons à outiller. Nous avons jusqu’à présent testé les logicielsEXMARaLDAetELANsur un sous-ensemble de 65 rencontres, dont la transcription est alignée avec l’audio, et nous avons entamé deux pistes de recherche que nous allons illustrer : (a) l’exploration d’éléments lexicaux potentiellement intéressants pour l’analyse des structures de l’interaction ; (b) l’extraction de segments alignés à l’audio que l’on puisse entre autres utiliser dans des activités d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Nous souhaitons montrer ainsi tant l’utilisation que l’utilité d’un corpus d’ID en milieu médical.
Les termes de la crise économique grecque dans les corpus
Authors: Pantazara Mavina , Tziafa Eleni
Published: July 2019

Depuis une dizaine d’années, on ne parle que de la crise financière et économique et de son impact à plusieurs échelles. Cette recherche porte sur les termes caractéristiques de cette crise, et en particulier les termes liés à la crise économique grecque. Notre point de départ est un glossaire qui rassemble 800 entrées et propose leurs équivalents dans plusieurs langues. Notre objectif est de vérifier leurs occurrences dans des corpus en trois langues (français, anglais, grec), d’étudier leur fréquence et leur éventuelle variation, et de décrire leur comportement en contexte. Les corpus nous permettront, d’une part, de valider ces termes qui ne sont pas encore tous normalisés et encodés dans les bases de données terminologiques et les ouvrages de référence et, d’autre part, de répertorier la variation des équivalents en traduction. Notre démarche s’inscrit dans la perspective de compléter et d’enrichir le glossaire existant afin de proposer un outil d’aide efficace aux traducteurs et rédacteurs techniques.
Assessing the Status of Technical Documents as Textual Materials for Translation Training in Terms of Technical Terms
Authors: Kyo Kageura
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we examine how methods for evaluating corpora in terms of technical terms can be used for characterising technical documents used as textual materials in translation training in a translation education setup. Technical documents are one of the standard types of textual materials used in translation training courses, and choosing suitable materials for learners is an important issue. In technical documents, technical terms play an essential role. Assessing how terms are used in these documents, therefore, would help translation teachers to choose relevant documents as training materials. As corpus-characterisation methods, we used self-referring measurement of the occurrence of terminology and measurement of the characteristic semantic scale of terms. To examine the practical applicability of these methods to assessing technical documents, we prepared a total of 12 short English texts from the six domains of law, medicine, politics, physics, technology and philosophy (two texts were chosen from each domain), whose lengths ranged from 300 to 1,150 words. We manually extracted terms from each text, and using those terms, we evaluated the nature and status of the textual materials. The analysis shows that even for short texts, the corpus-characterisation methods we provide useful insights into assessing textual materials.
Une bibliothèque au coeur du rétablissement
Authors: Gilbert Nancy , Bellemare Julie , Vaugeois Guylaine
Published: July 2019

Ce témoignage parle d’un projet novateur visant à donner accès au service d’une bibliothèque aux usagers présentant un trouble de santé mentale grave et persistant, admis sur une unité de traitement et réadaptation d’un établissement de santé et services sociaux de la région de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec.

Dans la philosophie du rétablissement, le projet s’est développé afin que les usagers aient accès à de l’information qui soutienne le développement de leur compétence en éducation à la santé, grâce à des ouvrages contenant de l’information validée par des intervenants du domaine afin que celle-ci soit pertinente et accessible aux personnes non initiées sur le sujet. Afin de compléter cette information, d’autres volumes ont été sélectionnés par des usagers pour leur contenu relatif avec le « vivre avec la maladie ». La deuxième catégorie d’ouvrages disponibles appartient à la catégorie ludique : romans, bandes dessinées et ouvrages sur des sujets variés. Ce type de livres permet aux usagers de se changer les idées et de reprendre goût à la lecture. Cette expérience a permis de mettre en lumière le potentiel de « l’activité bibliothèque » au plan clinique car elle est intégrée à la programmation offerte aux usagers. Ce projet a donné une nouvelle perspective au travail interdisciplinaire en y intégrant la technicienne en documentation. En terminant, les usagers ont été impliqués directement dans la réalisation du projet par leurs recommandations d’ouvrages, l’étiquetage et le classement des volumes, etc., contribuant ainsi au développement de certaines compétences ainsi qu’à leur rétablissement.
Les mères célèbres sur Instagram : ce que nous révèlent leurs mises en scène de l’allaitement
Authors: Bayard Chantal
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Ces dernières années, les mises en scène de l’allaitement se sont multipliées sur les réseaux sociaux (RS). Ayant d’abord fait l’objet de censure, ces images sont aujourd’hui autorisées sur les plateformes comme Facebook et Instagram. Ce n’est que récemment que les célébrités ont emboîté le pas aux mères non célèbres en publiant des photographies d’allaitement sur les RS. La popularité de ces femmes a notamment contribué à décupler la visibilité de l’allaitement dans l’espace public, une pratique encore critiquée et perçue comme relevant du domaine privé.

Objectif : Dans cet article, nous cherchons à mieux cerner le phénomène peu étudié des célébrités qui publient des photographies d’allaitement sur le réseau social Instagram.

Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à l’analyse qualitative de 50 photographies d’allaitement publiées entre les mois de janvier 2014 et août 2016 sur les comptes Instagram publics et vérifiés de 13 célébrités exerçant les professions de mannequin, d’actrice, de chanteuse et d’animatrice de télévision.

Résultats : Notre recherche a démontré que les photographies d’allaitement relayées par les célébrités sur Instagram servent de multiples intérêts. Elles permettent à ces femmes d’inscrire leur maternité dans leur trajectoire familiale et professionnelle, tout en revêtant un caractère publicitaire et en participant au développement de leur marque. Ces images participent également à la construction du discours social en faveur de l’allaitement dans l’espace public. Enfin, les images publiées par les célébrités sur Instagram présentent une forme de maternité idéalisée.

Conclusions : Les photographies d’allaitement des célébrités mettent en scène des mères « performantes » qui allaitent leur enfant sans difficulté, qui semblent concilier aisément travail et allaitement, en maintenant une apparence physique soignée et un corps postnatal « discipliné ». Sur Instagram, ces femmes proposent une façon idéalisée d’être mère, peu accessible à la majorité des femmes qui consomment leurs images.

Contributions : Notre travail de recherche permet d’appréhender la contribution des célébrités à la construction des normes en matière d’allaitement et de maternité.
Enfants placés et familles connectées : Approche socio-juridique de la correspondance familiale numérique
Authors: Potin Emilie , Henaff Gaël , Trellu Hélène , Sorin François
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Les usages socio-numériques contribuent à diversifier les modalités concrètes d'expression des liens familiaux notamment lors des réaménagements, tels que le placement ou les changements de lieux de vie (Pharabod, 2004) en activant, au travers des différents supports technologiques, la relation mise à distance par l’éloignement géographique (Douarin et Caradec, 2010). Dès lors, il s’agit d’appréhender les modes d’organisation de la correspondance familiale numérique à partir des situations de placement et la manière dont ces échanges structurent les liens familiaux.

Objectifs : Dans le cadre des mesures de placement au titre de l’assistance éducative (art. 375 du code civil français), le régime de protection prévoit un aménagement des liens familiaux sans tenir compte des espaces socio-numériques. L’enjeu est donc d’observer comment les acteurs familiaux s’approprient ou pas cet espace faiblement régulé pour renforcer leurs liens ou, au contraire, maintenir une certaine distance. Avec un point de vue socio-juridique, les usages numériques des familles sont mis en perspective des droits et obligations familiales, des mineurs et de leurs parents.

Méthodologie : Le travail d’enquête et de terrain s’est construit sur deux axes complémentaires : 1/ identifier les modalités de la correspondance familiale numérique par des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de 18 jeunes placés âgés de 14 à 18 ans et de 6 parents, 2/ saisir les logiques de régulation dans le cadre contraint de la mesure de protection par des entretiens réalisés auprès de 75 professionnels : assistants familiaux, référents ASE, éducateurs, cadres ASE et juges des enfants.

Résultats : Notre recherche met en évidence les formes de négociation qui s’opèrent dans la gestion émotionnelle et morale des polymédias (Madianou, 2014) pour construire ou déplacer les espaces d’autonomie et les rôles familiaux. Elle présente également les différentes formes de configurations relationnelles dans la fratrie et dans la famille au regard des expériences des acteurs familiaux pendant la mesure de placement.

Conclusions : Sans présager de l’intensité des liens construits, les médias socionumériques contribuent au maintien des liens familiaux. Les modalités de cette connexion à distance et les manières de faire famille sont à la fois fonction des expériences passées ensemble, du parcours de placement et des étapes afférentes, mais également des choix négociés pour tenir la relation ou, au contraire, la relâcher.

Contribution : Cet article s’appuie sur les matériaux recueillis lors de deux programmes conventionnés : la recherche exploratoire Ticf@liens ayant bénéficié du soutien du GIS M@rsouin (2014-2015) et la recherche Pl@cement soutenue par l’Observatoire National de la Protection de l’Enfance et par la Mission de recherche Droit et Justice (2016- 2018).
Paternité gay et GPA : entre lien génétique et lien affectif
Authors: Gross Martine , Rubio Bérengère , Vecho Olivier , Ellis-Davies Kate
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche : À côté des pères « classiques », reliés génétiquement à leur enfant et conjoint de la mère, il existe des pères adoptifs, des pères seuls, des beaux-pères, des pères non génétiques. Au sein de cette diversité apparaissent les pères gays. Mais choisir la paternité gay est un phénomène relativement récent qui nécessite d’affronter un environnement légal et social hostile et qui défie les normes de genre.

Objectifs : Explorer les représentations de la parenté et de la paternité et notamment l’importance accordée ou non au lien génétique chez les pères gays ayant eu recours à une gestation pour autrui.

Méthodologie : L’article s’appuie sur des entretiens menés auprès de 36 hommes gays en couple qui ont eu recours à la gestation pour autrui pour devenir père d’un enfant ou de jumeaux agés d’environ 4 mois.

Résultats : Probablement conscients de l’importance accordée au lien génétique dans les représentations sociales dominantes, les pères interrogés sont très attentifs à ce que leurs proches ne fassent pas de distinction. Mais ces mêmes représentations ne sont pas absentes chez ces pères, notamment au moment de la mise en œuvre de la conception. En effet, un certain nombre d’entre eux a implanté des embryons de l’un et de l’autre pour se donner une chance d’avoir des jumeaux génétiquement reliés à chacun des pères. Dans le cas d’une deuxième GPA, ils tiennent assez souvent à ce que le deuxième enfant (deuxième jumeau ou grossesse future) soit du père qui n’a pas donné son sperme la première fois.

Conclusions : Les observations recueillies montrent que les représentations de la paternité sont diversifiées et combinent des représentations fondées sur l’engendrement avec des représentations davantage fondées sur la parentalité.

Contribution : L’article met en évidence la complexité des représentations de la paternité. Celles-ci ne se résument pas aux liens biogénétiques mais accordent également une grande importance aux liens électifs.
“El adarve de la almena se ha vuelto gris”. Ecos del soldado en el castillo interior de Blas de Otero
Authors: Salvador Salvador Julio
Published: July 2019

Este artículo se centra en la aparición del motivo del castillo en el poema intimista “Diseminado”, perteneciente a La galerna (1969-1974), poemario póstumo de Blas de Otero. Dicho símbolo posee una especial significación dentro del imaginario cultural de Occidente. Sin embargo, en “Diseminado” forma parte del campo ideológico o nocional de lo épico. Este presenta una connotación negativa derivada de los amargos recuerdos de Blas de Otero como soldado, la cual se puede rastrear en poemas sobre sus vivencias durante la guerra como “Imbatida juventud”, de Que trata de España (1959).
Poder y agencia icónica. El negro africano como víctima en la cultura visual hegemónica Power and iconic agency. The black African as a victim in the hegemonic visual culture
Authors: López Sanz Hasan Germán
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es abordar el problema filosófico y antropológico de los sistemas hegemónicos de representación fotográfica del África subsahariana. Concretamente, se analiza la imagen del negro africano como víctima y cómo con ella se refuerza lo que Okwui Enwezor ha llamado el afropesimismo. Sin embargo, a diferencia de Enwezor, que pone el acento en la fotografía documental y periodística, mi intención es mostrar que la estrategia que consiste en poner el acento en la víctima también se utiliza en otras prácticas fotográficas más alineadas con el arte, y que sus consecuencias epistemológicas no son muy diferentes a las de la fotografía documental.
 
The aim of this article is to address the philosophical and anthropological problem of the hegemonic systems of photographic representation of sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, it examines the image of the black African as a victim and how it reinforces what Okwui Enwezor has called afropessimism. However, unlike Enwezor, who puts the emphasis on documentary photography and photojournalism, my purpose is to show that the strategy of putting the accent on the victim is also used in other photographic practices more aligned with art, and that the epistemological consequences are not very different from those of documentary photography.
Laocoonte
Authors: Laocoonte Revista
Published: July 2019

Número 5 completo de la revista Laocoonte
El ingreso y la asimilación de la filosofía kantiana en México
Authors: Granja Castro Dulce María
Published: July 2019

Desde sus primeros años como nación independiente, México no fue en modo alguno ajeno a la presencia e influencia de la filosofía kantiana. El pensamiento del filósofo prusiano fue relevante en la teoría del derecho, la pedagogía, la ética y la cultura en general que desarrollaron intelectuales, políticos, educadores y pensadores mexicanos. Estudiar el proceso de ingreso y asimilación, así como de exégesis y crítica, de la filosofía kantiana en México, posee un significado importante pues tiene que ver con condiciones objetivas de carácer nacional. ¿Cómo y en qué se dejó sentir el pensamiento kantiano en la vida del México? Esta es la pregunta que busco responder. A ello no me mueve otra cosa que reconocer el empeño de todos aquellos que han ayudado a apropiarnos el legado de la más importante filosofía escrita en los tiempos modernos.