bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La vida ejemplar de un poeta pobre. Pedroni por Portogalo, 1953
Authors: Alle María Fernanda
Published: June 2023

Este artículo parte de un intercambio epistolar entre José Pedroni y José Portogalo a comienzos de 1953 para centrar su atención en la “nota biográfica” sobre Pedroni que, luego de dicho intercambio, Portogalo publica en Noticias Gráficas. Se propone analizar, por un lado, los mecanismos de autofiguración que se ponen en juego en el relato autobiográfico de Pedroni en las cartas y, por otro, los modos en que Portogalo selecciona esos “datos” en función de la construcción de una figura ejemplar del “poeta pobre” que logra sobreponerse a las “adversidades”. Se sostiene la hipótesis de que en ambos casos aparece como sustrato un sistema de valoración del escritor y de la literatura que recupera una imagen del escritor proletario o trabajador de filiación boedista basada en una moral del esfuerzo y del ejemplo de vida. Esa misma filiación se evidencia en la retórica miserabilista a la que recurre Portogalo para narrar la vida de Pedroni. Pero, al mismo tiempo, esta imagen del poeta ejemplar se tensiona con otra figuración por la que el ser poeta parece ser el cumplimiento de un destino prefijado, una condición esencial o innata que difícilmente pueda ser recuperada para esa moral del ejemplo.
Borges, un amor decimonónico. El capítulo María Esther Vázquez de los amores biógrafos de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Bohnhoff Leandro
Published: June 2023

Desde la década del sesenta, Jorge Luis Borges suscitó una proliferación de escrituras de vida. Entre estas se identifican las obras de autores que mantuvieron un vínculo estrecho con su biografiado. Según mi hipótesis, la cercanía del vínculo entre biógrafo y biografiado importa un suplemento particular a las escrituras de vida que produce una singularización de dichas obras. El Borges (2006) de Adolfo Bioy Casares es un ejemplo paradigmático, ya que registra las conversaciones de amigos íntimos que sostuvieron estos dos escritores argentinos durante casi cincuenta años. Por otra parte, están las autoras de vidas escritas de Borges que alguna vez sostuvieron un vínculo amoroso con él: Estela Canto, Alicia Jurado y María Esther Vázquez, quienes conforman lo que podríamos denominar los amores biógrafos de Borges. En este artículo, que se enmarca en una investigación mayor sobre los amores biógrafos de Borges, me voy a enfocar únicamente en la figura de Vázquez tal como aparece en el diario de Bioy y en las interacciones que se pueden establecer entre ese diario y Everness (1965), el primer texto de Vázquez dedicado a Borges, contemporáneo de las entradas del Borges que se ocupan de ella.
Soft skills acquisition for engineering undergraduates in Turkey: A soft skills course design
Authors: BATAKLAR Sinan , TOY Zeki
Published: June 2023

In the ever-changing employment world, HR departments in all sectors are highly meticulous while hiring persons for all sorts of positions for organizations. What they expect the applicants to possess is not only the technical skills they need to do their jobs but also the soft skills they will be using in the job environment such as critical decision making, team-leading, communication and more to be productive, efficient, and effective. Since engineering is a highly interdisciplinary field, graduates of it have the opportunity to work in many different professional contexts and they must acquire soft skills for all sorts of professional settings. This study explores soft skills for professional life and determines the content of the soft-skills course that should be included in the curriculum of engineering faculties at Turkish universities which are in the top 10 ranking of University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) and offers a course design for a soft-skills course originating from academic discussions and the needs of the job market.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Onsite Learning Compared to Online Learning
Authors: Bucăţa George , Baboș Alexandru
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused people all throughout the world, particularly students, to change their routines. As a result of cutting-edge technology, e-learning is on the increase. Many educational institutions now use virtual classrooms instead of actual classrooms to conduct their lessons. Before the COVID-19 crisis, virtual technology was expanding quickly and becoming more widely used. Before the pandemic, students were taking a variety of online programs, but since then, there has been a significant surge in demand for virtual learning.
Synurbization of the Common Wood Pigeon, Columba palumbus Linnaeus, 1758 in Prešov city (Slovakia)
Authors: Csanády Alexander
Published: June 2023

In recent decades there has been an increased tendency of colonization of cites. This phenomenon posed the need for a new term – synurbization. The Common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is a Palearctic species that has a predominantly European distribution. Although it is the typical woodland species, it has adapted to urban habitats, colonising cities of Western and Central Europe. A total of 32 individuals (i.e., 12 pairs (24 inds.) and 8 inds.) of C. palumbus were documented over the four years (2019 – 2022) in Prešov city (Slovakia). The obtained faunistic data from the monitored areas contribute to overall knowledge about the occurrence of the species in urban environment from Slovakia.
Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758) occurrence in eastern Slovakia based on indirect signs (2016 – 2017)
Authors: Csanády Alexander
Published: June 2023

The author states the occurrence of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758) in the East Slovakia based on indirect signs from water courses. A total of 96 territories (localities) were observed over the years 2016 – 2017. The obtained data help spreading knowledge of species distribution in the territory of Slovakia.
Ecosystem services, vulnerability and threat levels of Ramsar wetlands in the complex of Aurès Sbkhates, North-Eastern Algeria
Authors: Bougoffa Saida , Benzina Imene , Telailia Salah , Si Bachir Abdelkrim
Published: June 2023

A socio-economic study were carried out in the wetlands complex of Aurès Sebkhates, in North Eastern Algeria. This study aimed to identify the ecosystem services obtained by local stakeholders, describe the anthropogenic impacts and evaluate the vulnerability and threat levels of three Ramsar wetlands: Garaet Timerganine (freshwater), Garaet Annk Djemel & El Merhsel (brackish water) and Sebkhet Ezzmoul (salt water). A socio-economic survey was conducted of 70 randomly selected households (social group) and 24 people belonging to the local administration (focus group). Vulnerability and threat levels were analyzed. Provisioning and monetary value are the most relevant ecosystem services (water pumping, grazing, agriculture, area for recreation, plant and egg collection, salt mining). Indirect ecosystem services rendered by the studied wetlands (water treatment/flood control) are only known by the focus group. 95% of the surveyed locals believed that the studied wetlands have experienced significant degradation in recent years mainly by human activity. Our results revealed significant threats due to salt mining and the excessive water pumping practiced within the three sites. Natural stressors such as drying out, erosion and siltation also contribute to the disturbance of these wetlands. Analysis of vulnerability (Vt) and threat (T) indices revealed that Garaet Timerganine is highly vulnerable (Vt= 1.48; T = 17.16), Ezzmoul is moderately vulnerable (Vt = 0.23; T = 2.3) and Annk Djemel & El Merhsel are weakly vulnerable (Vt = 0.04; T = 0.28). This study highlighted the most vulnerable wetlands in order to prioritize them and to build a strategy for conservation and their wise use.
Analysing formal transformations in sustainable urban structures in Kufa City, Iraq
Authors: Jedi Zena Ayad Jaber , Al-Jawari Sara Mahmood
Published: June 2023

The research discusses the formal transformation in urban structure, all the cities around the world have undergone a series of formal transformations, resulting in radical transformations to their functions. And to calculate this transformation the descriptive analytical method was applied to this research. First, local urban management data and Landsat-9 visual data were used after processing by GIS. Then, the data were processed mathematically based on their engineering sequences. The aims of this research were as follows: to explore the formal transformations in cities, their dimensions and their consequences and impacts; to identify the underlying causes of their occurrence by deriving realistic results from trends in such degrees of transformation; and to reduce the adverse effects and to establish a sustainable urban structure by taking Kufa City as a model. The research covered the following two time periods: 2002-2012 and 2012-2022, as they represent the time during which Kufa City experienced remarkable formal transformation in urban structure as a result of urbanisation and random growth. Different forms of land use were identified, and formal transformations were analysed. The results showed that the largest transformation occurred when the agricultural land transformed into construction land; which was used in different ways than the original intent. The land uses were visualised digitally at high resolution. The transformation in land use led to formal transformations in the city structure, both planned and randomly implemented. The other objective of this research is to address misuse of the city’s infrastructure; however, sustainability was not considered for several reasons. The agricultural land represents the nutritional value of the city as it provides Kufa and nearby cities with agricultural products. It also represents the green barrier as the environmental conduit for the city. This research recommends managing population growth by using basic city schemes of planning and predicting formal transformations. This approach is the basis for transforming city structures by identifying future structural features in sustainable ways.
Flood-induced food insecurity and coping strategies: A gender-based analysis of agrarian households in South-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Akukwe Thecla Iheoma , Ossai Onyinyechi Gift , Oluoko-Odingo Alice Atieno , Nwankwo Cletus Famous
Published: June 2023

The study addressed flood-induced food insecurity and coping strategies in agrarian South-eastern Nigeria. Data were collected from 400 households in 8 communities. Food (in)security was measured using Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and 92.8% households were found to be food insecure. The most adopted coping strategies were compromising food quantity and quality namely; skipping meals; reducing meal frequency and reducing meal portion size in descending order. The study revealed a gender-based disparity in coping strategies adopted between female- and male-headed households and this has been linked to income and asset poverty gaps including differential household food insecurity levels. The coping strategies adopted were self-devised strategies that provided short-term means of survival in times of food shortages. Thus, policy measures, such as social security and food safety nets that are sustainable are recommended to reduce vulnerability to flood-induced food insecurity, thereby improving adaptation to help achieve Goal 2 of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Linking European Integration with Illiberalism: ‘Laboratory’ of Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: Hloušek Vít
Published: June 2023

The essay discusses Central Eastern Europe as a ‘laboratory’ of existing, emerging as well as contained elements of illiberal backlash. The Central European countries show both challenges and resilience mechanisms in more ‘extreme’ conditions than the cases from Western Europe. The paper offers the connection between the domestic development of Central European states and the ‘polycrisis’ of European integration by linking the issue of politicisation of European integration with the emergence of illiberal politics in contemporary Europe. The goal and main argument of the paper are that there exists a nexus between illiberal Central Eastern European politicians and rising Euroscepticism in the region. The empirical research of Central Eastern European cases will help us better understand general trends of European integration politicisation.
Russia’s war against Ukraine and the transformation of the Euro-Atlantic Security Architecture
Authors: Sydoruk Tetiana , Pavliuk Viktor , Shuliak Antonina
Published: June 2023

This article attempts to contribute to the debate on the reasons for the inability of the US and its allies to prevent Russia from destroying the Euro ‑Atlantic security architecture by a full ‑scale invasion of Ukraine, as well as to the discussion of scenarios to strengthen the Euro-Atlantic community in the frame of preparation for the new post-war political landscape and reality. Based on a critical analysis of existing research, it is argued that despite the diversity of views of scholars and the still unpredictable outcome of the war in Ukraine, today it is possible to formulate some theses on the main directions of the European order transformation. These include enhancing the unity of the collective West, awakening Europe in the security and defense dimensions, strengthening and expanding NATO, increasing the US presence in the European region and ‘the end of the history’ of Russia’s return to the League of Superpowers. At the same time, the following issues remain controversial: the relations between Russian aggression and the US ‑NATO strategy after the Cold War, the prospects of the United States maintaining the leading role in ensuring European security given the war ‑induced increase in Europe’s defence capabilities, and Ukraine’s future European and Euro ‑Atlantic integration.
The Modern Military Leadership – The Anchor of Organizational Culture in the Contemporary World
Authors: Liseanu Rodica
Published: June 2023

This article states that for an innovative organizational culture, it is important to combine social intelligence, emotional intelligence with advanced technologies, information and artificial intelligence. The military leader focuses on new understandings of modern conflict, new resources, and new ways to extend war beyond the battlefield based on his or her ability to effectively coordinate high-tech and human resources. How can he create and build the right military approach? Within the military, artificial intelligence can be used for security, defence, attack strategies, but the involvement of human intelligence could add a competitive advantage precisely if it is intelligently managed and directed. The main hypothesis is that for a revolutionary implementation of new technologies in the contemporary world, a maximum pragmatic harnessing of emotional and social intelligences is required. With the alert evolution of man, with his self-awareness and organic maturation, even leadership has acquired new valences. The relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence, novel until a decade ago, is now a truism.
Baugewerbe in stürmischen Zeiten
Authors: Dullien Sebastian , Martin Carolin , Theurl Theresia , Michelsen Claus , Just Tobias
Published: June 2023

The coalition agreement of the current German government coalition envisages 400,000 newly built dwellings per year. For the time being, this target will be missed by a wide margin, despite the (re)establishment of the Ministry of Construction. In the meantime, the tide in the construction sector seems to be turning: The previously observed overcapacity is no longer the most pressing problem, but rather the turnaround in interest rates and rising costs are causing a noticeable slowdown. Basically, the question remains unanswered as to whether the efforts made so far to provide housing at affordable prices for all are sufficient or whether further measures are necessary.
Housing Cooperatives in Challenging Times
Authors: Theurl Theresia
Published: June 2023

Housing cooperatives have to meet big challenges. They are well known as providers of affordable and safe housings. But now ensuring the energy procurement for their members has increased in relevance. New economic and political developments threaten investments in new houses and energetic refurbishment of the existing buildings in order to achieve the government’s climate protection goals. Long-term relations within the cooperatives and their focus on the MemberValue promote their resilience, but they cannot prevent the current predominance of crisis management blocking necessary strategic decisions.
12 Euro Mindestlohn: Millionen Beschäftigte bekommen mehr Geld
Authors: Pusch Toralf
Published: June 2023

According to recent data from the WSI employee survey, the increase in the German minimum wage to 12 euros has led to significant salary increases, reaching over 100 euros on average for employees receiving social insurance. After its introduction in 2015, the German minimum wage has been criticised for having little effect on workers’ earnings due to wide-spread working hour reductions and minimum wage violations. However, the latter could not have been that large as gross earnings in the minimum wage sector increased by a good 18% in price-adjusted terms between 2013 and 2018.
Dürrezeit für das Elektroauto steht bevor
Authors: Dudenhöffer Ferdinand , Wisbert Helena
Published: June 2023

The article analyses the implications of reduced subsidies for electric cars in Germany, to be implemented 2023. In addition to high electricity price increases, rising costs for lithium-ion batteries habe cut into the incentive and will lead to decreasing sales of electric vehicles in the coming years. The federal government’s objective to have 15 million electric cars on Germany’s roads by 2030 will therefore be missed considerably.
Inflations-Trauma? Die Hyperinflation von 1923 in Bildern und Theorien
Authors: Greitens Jan
Published: June 2023

The inflation of 1923 was not a new experience; the feeling of uncertain monetary conditions had been deeply rooted in Germany since the early modern period. If there is a German trauma of inflation, it goes back to the Kipper and Wipper period at the beginning of the 30 Years War. Memories of the horrors of inflation were handed down into the 20th century, e.g., in the 18th, century by J. H. G. Justi and especially influential in the 19th century by Gustav Freytag. Only in the Federal Republic of Germany did a strong focus on the year 1923 set in. Based on this traditional historical experience, contemporaries explained inflation in 1923 by deviations from the metal standard and inflation was morally wrong. Its cause was seen in the lack of adherence to civic virtues. This normative level is closely linked to the economic discussion of inflation.
Die Große Inflation in Deutschland 1914 bis 1923
Authors: Holtfrerich Carl-Ludwig
Published: June 2023

The article treats the history of Germany’s Great Inflation from 1914 to 1923. It focusses on explaining the turning points of wholesale price trends. It demonstrates that these were mostly triggered by national and international political decisions immediately impacting the mark exchange rate. Price developments usually fell in line the following month. Money supply growth followed a steady trend upward, even in periods when the mark exchange rate remained stable or even appreciated. The author comes to the conclusion that the exchange rate, not money supply, was the pacemaker for price developments. This even holds for the turning point from galloping inflation to hyperinflation in June/July 1922.
Krieg, Verteilungskonflikt, Reparationen: die deutsche Inflation von 1920 bis 1923
Authors: Ritschl Albrecht O.
Published: June 2023

Germany’s hyperinflation resulted from a confluence of several factors, all of which contributed to a temporary breakdown in state capacity and to unsustainable public sector deficits. Wartime debt deflated by 90% already in 1920. Informal wage indexation and failure to enforce collection of a new progressive income tax contributed to recurrent inflation. Unsustainable reparations were met by purchasing gold abroad, further accelerating inflation. Conflict over reparation arrears resulted in the military occupation of the Ruhr industry district in early 1923. Stabilisation occurred after informal moratoria on both international and internal conflict, allowing for budget stabilisation and a two-step currency reform, as well as a return to gold in 1924.
It’s the Politics, Stupid!
Authors: von Wallwitz Georg
Published: June 2023

The Weimar hyperinflation is a textbook example of how inflation develops. All the factors usually associated with inflation were present during this period. However, besides the quantifiable factors, such as money supply development, the political factors appear dominant in retrospect. There was an unspoken consensus among the economic elites that inflation was the lesser evil. The Reichsbank president rejected its independence. Industry saw the weakness of the currency as a welcome means to capture export markets. Politicians had other priorities than monetary stability. Eliminating domestic debt and maintaining social peace were more important to them. Only when the political wind changed could inflation also be defeated.
Zahlreiche Faktoren verringern die Erfolgs-aussichten von Grundsicherungsbeziehenden
Authors: Beste Jonas , Coban Mustafa , Trappmann Mark
Published: June 2023

Who accomplishes a work-related exit from welfare benefit receipt for job-seekers and what prevents others from achieving it is a key question for practitioners and researchers. We use data from the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) to examine the relevance of individual labour market barriers in this context. In particular, an age of 51 years or older, long-term benefit receipt, severe health limitations, lack of vocational qualifications, and poor German language skills worsen the chances of leaving welfare benefit receipt. The presence of children in the household reduce the chances of taking up employment for women only.
Mitte ohne Maß? Widersprüchliche Entlastungsforderungen
Authors: Bergmann Knut , Diermeier Matthias , Gensheimer Tim , Niehues Judith , Borgstedt Silke
Published: June 2023

An empirical analysis of voters’ demands for redistributive measures during the energy crisis in Germany reveals three characteristic features of inconsistent preferences. First, although people favour targeted support for the disadvantaged, they deviate from this principle when confronted with policy proposals. Second, policies are often evaluated along party preferences, thus contradicting the exclusion of higher-income classes from support policies. Third, drawing on the Sinus-Milieu model, we identify different mentalities that lead to disapproval of the attitudes towards the disadvantaged. We conclude that managing expectations through policies and fostering personal responsibility on the part of both beneficiaries and benefactors of the welfare state will be crucial for successful future transition policies.
Europas Finanzarchitektur im Umbruch
Authors: Stadler Wilfried
Published: June 2023

Since the start of the financial crisis in 2008, European economies have been hit by unprecedented exogenous shocks. The ECB has countered these with unconventional monetary policy, extraordinary high new fiscal borrowing and a permanent Stability Mechanism (ESM). On top of all that, in response to the coronavirus crisis, European Community Bonds have been issued for the first time. All of these new measures have proved helpful, but equally contradictory to the rules of the single currency as laid down in the Maastricht Treaty. The intertwining of monetary and fiscal policies is currently proving to be a precondition for the cohesion of the common currency. This makes it indispensable in the design of a resilient and credible new financial architecture for Europe.
Eine neue China-Strategie?
Authors: Hüther Michael , Klein Martin , Goux Maximilien , Kuhn Britta , Blum Ulrich
Published: June 2023

For some years now, China has been the most important economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. The dominance of the Chinese economy seems to pose challenges to the industrial and trade policies of the classic industrialised countries. China has been viewed more critically in the USA and Europe, particularly since the presidency of Donald Trump. Both the Chinese social and economic model are the subject of controversial debates. In addition, China is gaining weight in relation to current geostrategic challenges, such as the tensions between the US and China in light of the discussion about the so-called Thucydides Trap. In this respect, it is understandable that a new "China strategy" is being debated.
Wasserstoff – Handlungsbedarf und Chancen im Zuge der Energiekrise
Authors: Grimm Veronika
Published: June 2023

Climate neutrality in Europe towards the middle of the century requires the replacement of fossil fuels by the direct or indirect use of renewable electricity in the heating and mobility sectors as well as in industry. Direct electrification and the indirect route via hydrogen are complementary. Electrification must be driven forward ambitiously in all sectors. In an integrated energy system, indirect sector coupling via hydrogen and hydrogen-based energy carriers will optimally complement electrification.
Resilienz im Gesundheitswesen stärken
Authors: Jochimsen Beate
Published: June 2023

In January 2023, the Health System Advisory Council published its latest report. It analyses the extent to which the German healthcare system is prepared for future crises and what changes are required to strengthen its resilience. Rarely has our country been hit by so many exogenous shocks at the same time. The COVID-19 pandemic, the war against Ukraine, climate change and the resulting disrupted supply chains, energy shortages, heat waves and forest fires pose challenges for practically all areas of life. However, they also affect people’s health. Despite the widespread perception before the pandemic that Germany is well organised and well prepared to deal with unexpected events, the health system did not perform as well as expected. One key result of the report is that problems mainly lie in the areas of data availability and use, implementation of well-known solutions and communication.
Industriepolitik: komplexe Verflechtungsstrukturen berücksichtigen
Authors: Michelsen Claus , Junker Simon
Published: June 2023

Debates on industrial policy surged in the wake of the current crises. Policymakers, however, should not lapse into conserving old structures which too often prove obsolete. Instead, key industries with high-quality jobs and future growth prospects must be identified. These are knowledge-intensive branches, intertwined with other economic sectors in more complex ways than usually acknowledged in standard input-output analyses. Optimal policy should account for these intra-industry linkages while facilitating the transformation to a green and modern industrial structure.
Zeitenwende für die Außenwirtschaftspolitik
Authors: Kamin Katrin , Bayerlein Michael , Dombrowski Jacqueline
Published: June 2023

There is currently a geopoliticisation of foreign policy, which is primarily driven by dependencies on autocratic systems. Autocracies are constantly on the rise, especially when measured by the percentage distribution of the world population. Even though the EU still trades with significantly more democracies than autocracies, trade relations with autocracies are often characterised by strong dependencies, especially with regard to critical raw materials such as lithium or magnesium. This also applies to the market for medical products, where China in particular uses its position as the main supplier to expand its geopolitical influence. This, together with the fact that autocracies are generally more likely to impose trade restrictions than democracies, means that the EU needs a strategy for how to handle trade with autocratic regimes in the future.
Enthüllt die multiple Krisensituation Defizite bei politischen und ökonomischen Konzepten?
Authors: Schleicher Stefan P.
Published: June 2023

After a year of multiple crises, an initial assessment is made of the crisis management and the risks and challenges that are still to be expected. Evidence of this is provided by the Russian war’s effects on gas and electricity. As a benchmark for the necessary structural changes, reference is made to the current perspectives on sustainable transformations in energy and production. Finally, the previous practice of crisis management and its theoretical foundation are examined. Deficits in economic concepts, economic policy instruments and goal-oriented innovations are identified.
Auswirkungen des Ukrainekrieges auf die EU-Agrarpolitik
Authors: Lakner Sebastian
Published: June 2023

The Ukraine war has had some serious impacts on international agricultural markets, as both Ukraine and Russia play an important role in the world market. Even before the war began, grain prices were high, indicating an already tight supply situation due to pandemic, climate extremes and regional armed conflicts. EU agricultural policy has reacted to ease the situation created by the war. The following article discusses the three potential policy reactions: 1) the suspension of fallow land as an agri-environmental measure, 2) the suspension of biofuel-blending and 3) the reduction of meat consumption.
Mehr Teilhabe ermöglichen – Wie Schüler:innen besser auf ihre berufliche Ausbildung vorbereitet werden können
Authors: Steiner Christine , Tillmann Frank
Published: June 2023

In view of the cross-sectoral shortage of skilled workers in Germany, the structural deficits and dysfunctionalities in vocational education and training are currently being discussed intensively and, among other things, the further development of vocational orientation is recommended. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only massively limited the possibilities for vocational orientation, but has also made existing deficits more apparent. After a brief look at the status quo of vocational guidance, this article uses current findings to trace the possible consequences for young people and discusses some consequences for the future development of vocational guidance.
Was wir über Lernrückstände wissen (müssten)!
Authors: Schneider Kerstin
Published: June 2023

The effect of school closures and distance learning during the COVID19 pandemic on student achievement is still the subject of discussion. After the end of the pandemic-related restrictions, learning losses of students are being assessed and state programs were launched to help students catch up after Corona. However, to evaluate whether and how the programs have worked, reliable data on student achievement and a systematic monitoring of schools is needed. The paper argues that the data basis in Germany is not sufficient in an international comparison to fully assess the effects of the COVID19 pandemic on school students or to evaluate the government programs. This is a fundamental problem. The pandemic has only highlighted this once again.
Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Frühjahr 2023: Inflation im Kern hoch – Angebotskräfte jetzt stärken
Authors: Holtemöller Oliver , Kooths Stefan , Schmidt Torsten , Wollmershäuser Timo
Published: June 2023

The leading economic research institutes have raised their forecast for growth in German economic output in the current year to 0.3%. In the fall of 2022, they were still expecting a decline of 0.4%. The economic setback in the winter half-year 2022/2023 is likely to have been less severe than feared in the fall. The main reason for this is a smaller loss of purchasing power as a result of a significant drop in energy prices. Nevertheless, the rate of inflation will fall only slowly from 6.9% last year to 6.0% this year.
Solidarische Tilgung der Staatsschulden im Euroraum
Authors: Richter Wolfram F.
Published: June 2023

There is no getting around a reform of the European Stability and Growth Pact. However, there is no reform model under discussion that can be expected to enforce compliance with public budget discipline more effectively than before. With this in mind, this paper argues in favour of shifting the competence to impose sanctions in the event of non-compliant behaviour from the community level to the intergovernmental level. This would increase the credibility of the sanction threat. The shift would not mean abandoning the previously introduced fiscal rules.
Ressourcenpartnerschaften für mehr Rohstoffsicherheit
Authors: Wolf André
Published: June 2023

The transformation of the European industry toward climate-neutral technologies is creating a variety of new resource needs. Current supply routes are prone to disruption and threatened by increasing scarcity. Through the instrument of Strategic Resource Partnerships, the EU aims to build alternative supply chains that meet European needs for greater supply security and higher environmental standards by cooperating with selected third countries. To counter the risk of long-term instability in partnerships, the EU needs to provide sustainable growth perspectives, especially to low-income partner countries. The partner portfolio should be managed by the EU holistically according to risk-return aspects, with a focus on the right degree of supply route redundancy. A prerequisite is permanent monitoring based on, among other things, an expanded system of risk indicators.
Die orthodoxe Wirtschaftspolitik der SPD zwischen 1929 und 1933
Authors: Kowall Nikolaus
Published: June 2023

The SPD was not part of the government between 1930 and 1932, but tolerated the austerity and deflationary policies of the Brüning cabinet. The term tolerance suggests that the SPD supported the Brüning government against their economic policy convictions for the higher purpose of preserving democracy and peace. At least in the area of monetary and fiscal policy, however, it was more a matter of support than tolerance. Significant parts of the SPD even explicitly opposed early Keynesian ideas of an active economic policy. This gave the Nazis, of all people, the opportunity to appropriate an expansive economic policy programme developed by the trade unions and thus ultimately to use it for the labour movement. The zeal with which alternatives to orthodox economic policy were rejected can only be explained by the fact that the austerity and deflationary policies of the Brüning government coincided with the economic policy ideas and ideological convictions of many social democratic protagonists.
Betreuungsgeld – familienpolitische Leistung oder Hindernis bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration?
Authors: Fendel Tanja , Jochimsen Beate
Published: June 2023

Significant gender gaps in labour market participation still exist in most countries. Nevertheless, from 2013 to 2015, there was a nationwide home care allowance for parents who did not use public childcare for children aged one to two years in Germany. Even after 2015, the home care allowance continued to exist in several federal German states. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel, we exploit the differences in the design of home care allowance between the federal states and examine its effects on the labour market participation of mothers. For both immigrant and native-born mothers, the impact is significantly negative, i.e. such transfers reduce the labour market participation of mothers.
Kirchensteuereinnahmen sinken kaufkraftbereinigt
Authors: Hentze Tobias
Published: June 2023

The church tax revenue in 2022 was estimated at 13 billion euros. This is an increase of around 300 million euros compared to 2021. The Catholic Church accounted for around 6.8 billion euros in 2022, and the Protestant Church around 6.2 billion euros. However, further increases are likely to be rather small. This is mainly due to the shrinking number of taxpayers. In 2022, the number of people leaving churches has increased to a record level. In real terms, the two churches must therefore reckon with a drop in income. Adjusted for purchasing power, tax revenues are unlikely to reach the pre-crisis level of 2019 (around -10 %) or the level of 2022 (almost -4 %) by 2027.
The Urgency of Developing E-Learning Moodle Substance Pressure Topic on Guided Inquiry Learning to Improve Mastery of Scientific Concepts and Communication
Authors: Rizaldi* Widya Rahmatika , Liliawati Winny , Samsudin Achmad
Published: June 2023

Constraints found in science learning in junior high schools lead to low mastery of scientific concepts and communication skills. Therefore, this study aims to describe the early stages of analysis related to urgency as the basis for product development in the form of e-learning moodle in guided inquiry learning to improve mastery of scientific concepts and communication skills on substance pressure material and its application to everyday life. The method used was descriptive research using literature studies, curriculum analysis, needs analysis questionnaires, open interviews with science teachers, and student ability surveys using question instruments. The research subjects comprised 81 students and two junior high school science teachers. Based on the analysis results, it is known that students want a new learning atmosphere that involves several learning media and practicum-based learning. But the reality of learning still uses traditional methods and a single learning resource, namely textbooks. The development of learning media in the form of moodle e-learning with the guided inquiry learning model is expected to assist teachers in facilitating a new, fun learning atmosphere and involving practicum activities to improve students' mastery of concepts and scientific communication skills
ANALYZING CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCE OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS OF G20 COUNTRIES USING A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK
Authors: KELEŞ Nuh , ERSOY Nazlı
Published: June 2023

Today, limited resources are decreasing/depleting with the increase in the human population living on Earth. The increased human population brings with it various problems. Different events cause important climate events at the global level, such as the decrease or depletion of water resources with the increase in demand, damage to the ecosystem, health risks, and deterioration of biological diversity. Due to the use of fossil fuels, the formation of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and global warming cause significant climate changes. Climate change causes the restriction of environmental and vital activities, the increase of natural disasters, and the extinction of species. This study aimed to evaluate the climate change performance of G20 countries which emit more than 75% of the world’s GHG emissions from 2019 to 2023, using MCDM methods. An objective method, LOPCOW, was used to assign weights while SPOTIS, WISP, and RMSVC methods were used to determine the climate change performances of G20 countries. The findings showed that among G20 countries, the highest performance was found in the United Kingdom and India, while the United States, Canada and Saudi Arabia were found in the last ranks.
Probiyotik Bakterilerin Stress Koşullarının Azaltılmasında Alternatif Proses Teknolojileri
Authors: Aksöz Deniz , Özcan Tülay
Published: June 2023

Probiyotik mikroorganizmalar sıcaklık, pH, oksijen ve su aktivitesi gibi faktörler ile birlikte ürün matriksi ve gıda işlem proseslerinden büyük ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Isıl işleme alternatif teknolojiler, artan probiyotik canlılığı, prebiyotik stabilite ve daha yüksek biyoaktif bileşik konsantrasyonuna sahip yenilikçi gıda ürünlerini tasarlamak için son yıllarda giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Gelişen bu alternatif teknolojilerin probiyotik ürünlere uygulanması, bakteri canlılığını arttırmakla birlikte, probiyotik fermantasyonu ile kolesterolün bağlanması, Caco-2 hücrelerine yapışma, anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim (ACE) inhibitörünü artırma, antioksidan, antimikrobiyal aktivite ve sistolik kan basıncını düşürme gibi biyolojik etkileri iyileştirmektedir. Ayrıca, bu teknolojiler ile fermantasyon kinetikleri optimize edilmekte, bakteri faaliyetleri sonucunda bakteriosin, oligosakkarit, peptit, fenolik bileşik, flavonoidler gibi bileşikler üretilmekte, fermente edilmekte, korunmakta, biyoaktif (vitamin ve mineral biyoyararlılığı) ve duyusal özellikler iyileştirilmektedir. Son yıllarda artan sağlık etkilerine sahip postbiyotikler elde etmek için de gelişen bu teknolojiler uygulanmaktadır. Çalışmalar, alternatif işleme teknolojilerinin gıdalardaki probiyotik, prebiyotik ve postbiyotiklerin terapötik etkisini artırdığını göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, ısıl işleme alternatif teknolojilerin probiyotik fermantasyonu üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir.
Sütten Kesim Öncesi Dönemde Probiyotik Desteğinin Holstein Irkı Buzağıların Gelişme ve Sağlık Durumları Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Akbağ Hande Işıl , Kuru Ömer Faruk , Savaş Türker
Published: June 2023

Doğum sonrası sütten kesime kadarki süreçte buzağılara probiyotik kullanımının buzağıların gelişme ve sağlık durumları üzerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülen bu araştırmada 24 baş (20 baş dişi ve 4 baş erkek) Holstein ırkı buzağı doğum tarihi, cinsiyet ve doğum ağırlıkları dikkate alınarak kontrol grubu (KON, n=12) ve probiyotik grubu (PRO, n=12) olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı mikroorganizma suşlarını (Enterecoccus spp, Lactobacillus spp. Pediococcus spp., ve Bacillus spp.) içeren ticari bir probiyotik kaynağı kullanılmış olup probiyotik grubundaki buzağılara süt ikame yemi (SİY) ile birlikte sabah öğününde 20 ml/gün baş düzeyinde verilmiştir. Buzağılar doğumu takiben bireysel kulübelere alınmış ve ilk 3 gün boyunca günde 4 L/gün ağız sütü, tükettikten sonra 4-17. günlerde 6L/gün, 18-45. günlerde 9L/gün, 46-55. günlerde 6L/gün ve 55. günden sütten kesime kadar 3L/gün SİY tüketmişlerdir (150 g toz/1L). Buzağılara 4. günden itibaren sütten kesime kadar serbest düzeyde buzağı başlangıç yemi ve su verilmiştir. PRO buzağılara 4. günden sütten kesime kadar ki süreçte sabah öğününde verilen SİY içerisine 20 ml probiyotik ilave edilmiştir. Çalışmada yem tüketimi, ishal ve sağlık ile ilgili veriler günlük olarak takip edilmiş, canlı ağırlık verileri ise doğum, 4., 18., 46., 55. günlerde ve sütten kesimde ölçülerek kayıt edilmiştir. Çalışmada, KON ve PRO grubu buzağılarda ölçülen SİY ve başlangıç yemi tüketimleri ile günlük canlı ağırlık artışları (GCAA) ve sütten kesim sürelerinin benzer olduğu (P>0,05), buna karşın, PRO grubunda ishal görülme sıklığını %50 oranında, pnömoni görülme sıklığının ise %54 oranında azaldığı belirlenmiştir (P≤0,05). Sonuç olarak yenidoğan buzağılarda probiyotik tüketiminin performans üzerine herhangi bir etkisi olmazken sağlık üzerine olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Hayvansal Üretim Sistemlerinde Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Etkisini Hafifletmeye Yönelik Öneriler
Authors: Akça Büşra , Ocak Yetişgin Sezen
Published: June 2023

Hayvancılık faaliyetleri sonucunda atmosferde karbondioksit (CO2), metan (CH4) ve nitröz oksit (N2O) gazları açığa çıkmakta ve açığa çıkan bu gazlar küresel olarak iklim değişikliğine etki etmektedir. Hayvansal üretim önemli bir endüstri haline gelmiştir ve sera gazı emisyonlarının seviyelerini dikkate değer ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltma stratejilerinde hayvansal üretimin büyük bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Hayvansal üretim sistemlerinde sera gazı üretimini artıran bazı faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurlar arasında arazi kullanımı, enterik fermantasyon, gübre yönetimi ve işleme ve nakliye gibi unsurlar en üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Anılan faktörler arasında enterik fermantasyon ruminantların yem alım seviyesine, yemlerin ruminantlar tarafından sindirilebilirliğine bağlı olarak sindirim sistemlerinde metan (CH4) gazı açığa çıkarmakta ve metan (CH4) emisyonlarını meydana getirmektedir. Ruminantların, diğer çiftlik hayvanlarına oranla daha yüksek biyokütleleri ve sindirim ürünleri nedeniyle sera gazı emisyonlarına etkisi daha fazladır. Sera gazını hafifletmeye yönelik yapılan son çalışmalarda, literatürde farklı azaltma stratejileri vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmaya yönelik stratejiler ele alınmıştır.
Netherton Syndrome: Case report
Authors: Conceição Sabrina , Machado Gabriela , Campiolo Edmara , Silva João
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION: Netherton Syndrome (NS), one of the most serious disorders of cornification, is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a mutation in the SPINK5 gene on chromosome 5q32. Its incidence is estimated at 1: 100,000 to 1: 200.00 live births, with a variable phenotype among patients. The clinical picture is based on the congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma triad, invaginated trichorexis and atopic manifestations. Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to report the case of a patient with classic NS changes. METHODS: The paper in question deals with a case report of a preschooler who presented, already in the neonatal period, clinical manifestations and complications resulting from the disease, associated with mutations of the SPINK5 gene. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The case report highlights the various clinical manifestations that affected patients may present, demonstrating the criteria necessary to close the diagnosis for NS. CONCLUSIONS: NS is a rare disease. it has a highly variable phenotype among patients and has a potential risk for complications. Due to the variability of clinical presentations, the diagnosis can be difficult and take years to establish. This demonstrates the importance of early recognition of the clinical condition associated with greater access to specific diagnostic tests, which would enable an institution of early treatment adapted to the needs of patients.
Meckel’s diverticulum: clinical and surgical aspects of patients seen at a pediatric referral hospital
Authors: Imagava Aline , Zhu-Teng Erik , Heller Marina , Almeida Giovana , Antunes Amanda , Coelho Izabel
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of symptomatic Meckels diverticulum in patients admitted to a specialized childrens hospital from January 2009 to December 2018. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients admitted to a childrens hospital in Curitiba (Paraná-Brazil) from 01/01/2009 to 31/12/2018. RESULTS: We found an incidence of 5.3 cases of symptomatic Meckels diverticulum per year. Of the 43 medical records, there was a predominance of male patients (69.7%) and 21 (48.8%) were less than 1-year-old. As for the clinical presentation,15 patients presented acute abdominal inflammation (34.8%), 9 acute abdominal hemorrhage (21%), and 6 acute abdominal obstruction (14%). 13 patients (30.2%) presented unspecific condition and were not classified. Regarding treatment, 41 patients (95.2%) underwent segmental enterectomy with enteroanastomosis. Ectopic mucosa was found in 19 anatomopathological examinations, 16 of which were gastric in origin, 1 pancreatic, and 2 had both mucosae. Post-operative complications included wound dehiscence (4.6%), paralytic ileus (4.6%), and peritonitis (2.3%). Of the 41 patients, 38 were discharged (88.4%), and 5 (11.6%) died. CONCLUSION: Meckels diverticulum had a propensity to manifest in children who were breastfeeding, most often with inflammation and hemorrhage. Of the 9 patients who manifested hemorrhage, 7 (78%) showed ectopic mucosa, which indicates a likely relationship between the presence of ectopic mucosa and hemorrhage. The percentage of patients who died is higher in our sample than in the literature; those who died were predominantly male and 4 (80%) were younger than 1