bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE SHAPES OF SMALL PEBBLES
Authors: Chiat B.
Published: July 2010

A stereoscopic pair of photographs, with a common ground principal point and a scale of approximately 1: 1, is produced by mounting specimens (grains of sand or similar material) on a microscope stage which is capable of being tilted to a selected angle under a camera fixed in a vertical attitude. The production of contour plans at an enlarged scale in a stereoplotter and from paper prints using simple apparatus is discussed.

Microscopie stéréophotogrammétrique: la plaquette porte‐spécimen peut être inclinée d'un angle donné par rapport à l'axe optique de l'appareil photo. On examine les possibilités de restituer en courbes de niveau à partir d'un restituteur analogique normal et d'un restituteur simplifié.

Ein Stereobildpaar, in dem die Geländenadire abgebildet sind, wird im Masstab von etwa 1:1 durch Aufnahme von Proben (Sandkörner oder ähnliches Material) erhalten, die auf einem Mikroskopträger angeordnet sind, der unter einem vorgegebenen Winkel unter einer vertikal orientierten Kamera geneigt werden kann. Die Herstellung von Konturenplänen in vergrössertem Masstab mit Hilfe von Stereokartiergeräten und die Produktion von Papierabzügen mit einfachen Geráten wird diskutiert.
IRRIGATION PROJECTS
Authors: Dady A. P.
Published: July 2010

The problems associated with the depiction of a particular irrigation area by both line map and orthophotomap are described and the results compared.

Des problèmes soulevés par la description d'une aire d'irrigation à l'aide d'une carte ou d'une ortho‐photocarte: comparaison des résultats.

Beschreibung der Probleme, die bei Auswahl sines Bewässerungsgebietes an Hand von Strich‐ und Orthophotokarten auftraten und Vergleich der Ergebnisse.
HOW MUCH PER HECTARE?
Authors: Laverack J. G.
Published: July 2010

The progress of a very recent mapping contract, covering part of a proposed motorway route, is described.

On décrit le développement des opérations relatives à un contrat récent concernant un projet de route.

Beschreibung der Fortschritte bei einem kürzlich abgeschlossenen Vert rag zur Kartierung eines Teils einer Autobahnvariante.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING FROM SPACE PHOTOGRAPHY: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Dowman I. J.
Published: July 2010

In 1981, a metric camera will be launched into space on a European Space Agency Spacelab mission. This paper examines the specification for this mission and the expected results. Other developments are also considered. These include the American large format camera and long focal length imaging systems.

En 1981, une chambre métrique sera lancée dans l'espace (mission Spacelab de l'organisation européenne spatiale). On examine ici les buts et les résultats attendus, ainsi que de futurs développements; chambre américaine à grand format, systèmes à longues focales.

Im Jahre 1981 soll sich an Bord des Europäischen Spacelab‐Satelliten eine Messkammer befinden. Im Artikel werden die Anforderungen an dieses Projekt und die zu erwartenden Ergebnisse diskutiert. Desgleichen werden auch andere Entwicklungen, worunter sich die amerikanische Grossformat‐Kammer und langbrennweitige Systeme befinden, erörtert.
DETERMINATION OF CLOUD HEIGHTS USING LANDSAT IMAGERY
Authors: Bagchi A. K.
Published: July 2010

This paper describes a method of determination of cloud base height from Landsat multispectral scanner imagery. The thickness of the cloud can also be estimated. The method is economical and, as described here, is off line. However, it could be adapted to an on line version.

On décrit une méthode pour estimer l'altitude et l'épaisseur d'un nuage à partir d'une imagerie Landsat. II s'agit d'une méthode économique, en différé. Mais moyennant modification, on pourrait l'utiliser en temps réel.

Beschreibung eines Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Wolkenbasishöhe aus multispektralen Landsat‐Scanneraufnahmen. Die Wolkenmächtigkeit kann ebenfalls bestimmt werden. Die hier beschriebene Methode ist ökonomisch und arbeitet off‐line. Jedoch kann sie such in eine on‐line Variante gewandelt werden.
THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO CURRENT DETERMINATION IN AN HYDRAULIC MODEL
Authors: Chiat B. , Gurr J. , Robinson S. J.
Published: July 2010

Water currents in an hydraulic model have been determined by means of a photogrammetric method of detecting the movement of tethered buoys. Single vertical photographs, taken by a non‐metric camera, have been analysed to produce the required differential measurements. The use of a non‐metric camera is justified by an analysis of the errors involved and a consideration of the requisite type of measurements.

Une méthode photogrammétrique a été mise au point pour déterminer par mesures différentielles sur un modèle hydraulique les mouvements de bouées en vue d'étudier les courants; seules des photos verticales isolées sont prises, avec une camera non métrique, ici largement suffisante pour l'exactitude requise.

Bestimmung der Wasserströmungen in einem hydraulischen Modell durch photogrammetrische Ermittlung der Bewegung von verankerten Bojen. Einzeine Steilbilder, die mit einer Amateurkamera aufgenommen wurden, dienten zur Ableitung der geforderten Differenzen‐Messungen. Die Verwendung einer Amateurkamera wird durch eine Analyse der auftretenden Fehler und eine Betrachtung der geforderten Messungswerte gerechtfertigt.
DATA ACQUISITION BY ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Yzerman H.
Published: July 2010

The development of the Analytical Photogrammetry Compiler (APC) is traced and a detailed description is given of the component parts of the AP/C‐4.

On retrace le developpement du restituteur analytique (APC) et on donne une description detaillée des composants du AP/C‐4.

Skizzierung des Analytical Photogrammetry Compiler (APC) und detaillierte Beschreibung der Hauptbaugruppen der AP/C‐4.
X‐RAY PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES AT ROLLS‐ROYCE
Authors: Stewart P. A. E.
Published: July 2010

The author describes the use of a radiographic electron linear accelerator to record internal changes of component configuration within gas turbines. The technique does not require any special engine modification. A real time X‐ray television system has been devised to provide continuous monitoring of events within the engine. The examination of air seals by high energy X‐rays is presented as an example of the use of the two dimensional technique. A three dimensional method using a stereoscopic pair of radiographs is now being developed.

L'auteur décrit l'utilisation d'un accélérateur radiographique à electrons linéaire pour l'enregistrement de changements internes de la configuration de composants à l'interieur de turbines à gaz. La technique n'éxige aucune modification spéciale de l'appareil. On a inventéun système de télévision radioscopique à temps réel qui produit un contrôle continu des événements à l'intérieur de l'appareil. On présente l'examen de fermetures hermétiques à l'aide de rayons X à grande énergie comme exemple de l'utilisation de la technique bi‐dimensionnelle. Une méthode à 3 dimensions utilisant un couple stéréoscopique de radiogrammes est en cours de développement.

Der Autor beschreibt die Anwendung eines radiographischen linearen Elektronenbeschleunigers zur Aufzeichnung der Änderungen von Komponentenkonfigurationen innerhalb von Gasturbinen. Die Methode erfordert keinerlei Veränderung an der Maschine. Ein Echtzeit‐Röntgen‐Fernseh‐system wurde geschaffen, um kontinuierliche Aufzeichnungen von innerhalb der Maschine erfolgenden Ereignissen darzustellen. Die Prüfung von Luftdichtungen mit Hilfe hochenergetischer Röntgenstrahlen wird als Beispiel für die Anwendung zweidimensionaler Verfahren angegeben. Ein dreidimensionales Verfahren, das auf der Anwendung stereoskopischer Paare von Radiographien basiert, befindet sich in Entwicklung.
AN EXPERIMENT WITH ANALYTICAL SHADOW STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Adams L. P.
Published: July 2010

This paper describes the production of stereopairs of shadow photographs to simulate X‐ray pictures and demonstrates the possibility of determining analytically the precise position in the object space of foreign bodies using a digitiser as a monocomparator and projective transformation theory to dispense with the necessity of undertaking normal inner and relative orientation analytical procedures.

A model is constructed and comparison accuracy tests are made using shadow and X‐ray picture pairs. The paper also suggests that the use of projective transformation theory is more appropriate in short range photogrammetry than traditional topographic stereophotogrammetric theory.

Cette communication décrit la production de couples stéréoscopiques de photographies d'ombre pour simuler des radiogrammes et démontre la possibilité de determiner analytiquement la position exacte dans l'espace de l'objet de corps étrangers en utilisant un transformateur digital comme mono comparateur et une théorie de transformation projective pour dispenser de la nécessité d'entreprendre les procédés normaux d'orientation analytique interieurs et relatifs.

On construit un modèle et on fait des testes précis de comparaison en utilisant des couples de photographies d'ombre et de radiogrammes. La communication suggère aussi que l'utilisation de la théorie de transformation projective est plus appropriée pour la photogrammétrie à champs court que la théorie traditionnelle de stéréophotogrammétrie topographique.

Im Artikel wird die Herstellung von Stereobildpaaren von Schatten‐Fotos beschrieben, womit Röntgenbilder simuliert und die Möglichkeit der analytischen Bestimmung der präzisen Lage von Fremdkörpern im Objektraum gezeigt werden sollten. Dazu wurde ein Monokomparator als Digitalisiervorrichtung und die Theorie der projektiven Transformation angewendet, urn auf die sonst übliche analytische Bestimmung der inneren und relativen Orientierung verzichten zu können.

Es wurden ein Modell konstruiert und vergleichende Genauigkeitstests für aus Schatten‐Fotos bzw. Röntgenbildern bestehende Bildpaare durchgeführt. Im Beitrag wird die Meinung vertreten, dass die Theorie der projektiven Transformation bei der Nahphotogrammetrie günstiger ist, als die traditionelle Theorie der topographischen Stereophotogrammetrie.
VIVIAN THOMPSON (1880–1917): NOT ONLY AN OFFICER OF THE ROYAL ENGINEERS
Authors: Atkinson K. B.
Published: July 2010

A centenary tribute is paid to a soldier and sportsman, surveyor and inventor, artist and humorist. Vivian Thompson served in two wars, the second of which resulted in his untimely death. His Stereo‐plotter, first described to the Royal Geographical Society in 1908, remains as a memorial and as a reminder of a great opportunity which was lost.

Hommage est rendu à un soldat, à un sportsman, géomètre, inventeur et à un artiste plein d'humour. Vivian Thompson participa à deux guerres, dont la dernière n'est pas sans relation avec sa mort. Son restituteur, décrit à laRoyal Geographical Societyen 1908, reste comme un témoin d'une grande occasion perdue.

Es erfolgt eine einhundertjährige Würdigung für einen Soldaten und Sportler, Geodäten und Erfinder, Künstler und Humoristen. Vivian Thompson diente in 2 Kriegen, wobei er bedauerlicherweise im letzten einen vor‐zeitigen Tod fand. Sein im Jahre 1908 zum ersten Male in derRoyal Geographical Societybeschriebenes Stereokartiergerät bleibt als ein Denkmal erhalten und erinnert an eine grosse Möglichkeit, die verschenkt wurde.
PROCESSING AERIAL FILMS TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM SPEED WITH REDUCED CONTRAST
Authors: Worton F. J.
Published: July 2010

Currently available black and white films are inherently too contrasty for medium scale and large scale urban area survey photography. Processing long lengths of 240 mm wide film in rewind spool tanks to establish suitable film/developer combinations and the subsequent analysis is a long, expensive and somewhat tedious procedure. A quick look method to establish suitable combinations is described using air exposed 70 mm wide film in a metric camera.

Two films and three developers have been evaluated in this test. Most survey film negatives are accepted by their visual appearance and the opportunity has been taken to compare this subjective assessment with sensitometric measurement of film negative quality. The scene brightness range of survey target areas and the accommodation of long brightness ranges on available film is discussed briefly.

Souvent les films noir et blancs sont de par nature trop contrastés pour prises de vue à moyenne ou grande échelle en milieu urbain. Plutôt que d'étudier la question pour les films 240 mm, ce qui seraitfort long et coûteux, on l'en fait pour des films 70 mm.

On a étudié deux films et trots dévélateurs, la plupart des négatifs sont à l'oeil acceptables, et nous avons vérifié cette impression subjective par des measures sensitométriques. On discute le problème de la brillance du milieu et celui de la gamme de brillances sur les films acfuels.

Die gegenwärtig verfügbaren Schwarz‐weiss‐Filme sind für Stadtaufnahmen in mittleren und grossen Massstäben zu hart. Die Verarbeitung sehr longer 240 mm breiter Filmbahnen in Umspulgeräten zur Ermittlung geeigneter Film‐Entwicklerkombinationen und die anschliessende Analyse ist ein langwieriges, teures und ermüdendes Verfahren. Beschreibung eines Schnellverfahrens zur Ermittlung passender Kombinationen, wobei ein in einer Messkammer belichteter Film benutzt wird.

Insgesamt wurden zwei Filme und drei Entwickler untersucht. Die meisten Filmnegative wurden visuell bewertet, wobei diese subjektive Einschätzung mil der sensitometrischen Qu Messung der Qualität der Filmnegative verglichen wurde. Kurze Diskussion des Helligkeitsumfangs von Testgebieten und der en Wiedergabe auf den verfügbaren Filmen.
THE ANALYTICAL PLOTTER AND NUMERICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Ebner H.
Published: July 2010

The paper deals with the analytical plotter and its impact on numerical photogrammetry. A short introductory section is followed by examples of the use of a Zeiss (Oberkochen) Planicomp C100 in analytical aerial triangulation, close range photogrammetry and the generation of digital height models. The examples demonstrate the suitability of the analytical plotter for numerical photogrammetry. Computer assistance and computer control allow for advanced data acquisition of high accuracy and speed. In addition, the minicomputer controlling the analytical plotter can be used for subsequent data processing. As a result, projects involving numerical photogrammetry can be carried out entirely in‐house, without the need of an external computer.

Le restituteur analytique et la photogrammétrie numérique. On cite des applications du Planicomp C100: aérotriangulation analytique, photogrammétrie à courte distance, constitution de modéles numériques de terrain. Efficacité, rendement, haute exactitude, tels sont les avantages du restituteur analytique. On peut d'autre part bénéficier de l'ordinateur pour toutes sortes de traitements ultérieurs.

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Analytischen Plotter (AP) und seiner Auswirkung auf die Numerische Photogrammetrie. Nach einem kurzen Einführungsteil wird über den Einsatz eines Zeiss (Oberkochen) Planicomp C100 in der Analytischen Aerotriangulation, in der Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie und beim A ufbau Digitaler Höhenmodelle berichtet. Die Beispiele veranschaulichen die Eignung des AP für die numerische Photogrammetrie. Einerseits erlauben Rechnerstützung und Rechnersteuerung eine allgemeine, genaue und schnelle Datengewinnung. Darüberhinaus aber ermöglicht der, für die Steuerung des AP verfügbare Minicomputer die rechnerische Weiterverarbeitung der Messdaten. Auf diese Weise können numerisch‐photogrammetrische Projekte ohne Einsatz eines externen Computers vollständig bearbeitet werden.
AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT OF ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
Authors: Kibblewhite E. J.
Published: July 2010

The development of an automated photographic measuring system (APM) is described. A very accurate laser beam scanning microdensitometer is used to digitise the photographic plate and a series of on line computers analyses the data during scanning. The system is available as a national facility for United Kingdom astronomers and guest investigators.

On décrit un systéme automatisé de saisie de données sur cliché. Un microdensitométre à laser numérise la plaque photographique et les données sont analysées en temps réel par ordinateur. Le systeme est destiné aux astronomes du Royaume Uni et aux chercheurs y séjournant.

Beschreibung eines automatisierten photographischen Messsystems (APM). Ein hochgenaues Laser‐Mikrodensitometer wird dabei zur Digitalisierung der Bilder benutzt, undeine Serie von On‐line‐Rechnern analysiert die Daten während der Abtastung. Das System steht für Astronomen im Vereinigten Königreich und anderen Forschern zur Verfügung.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR NATIONAL MAPPING IN NORTHERN IRELAND
Authors: Brand M. J. D.
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses the role of a small official survey organisation in the application of photogrammetric techniques to topographic mapping and in the provision of specialised survey services for government departments.

On analyse le rôle d'une petite équipe de fonctionnaires chargée d'organiser l'application des techniques photogrammétriques au levé topographique et de fournir des prestations de levés aériens aux divers ministères.

In dem Beitrag wird die Rolle einer kleinen Vermessungsbehörde bei der Anwendung photogrammetrischer Verfahren zur Herstellung topographischer Karten und der Vermittlung spezialisierter Vermessungsdienstleistungen für Regierungsstellen erörtert.
ANALYTICAL RADIAL TRIANGULATION USING VARIATION OF CO‐ORDINATES
Authors: Badjatia R. C.
Published: July 2010

The method of variation of co‐ordinates has been successfully applied to analytical radial triangulation. The mathematical theory and experimental results are presented in this paper. The method can be adapted to avoid the locating of conjugate principal points.

On a appliqué la méthode des variations des coordonnées à la triangulation analytique radiale. On donne les équations et les résultats des tests.

Die Variation von Koordinaten wird erfolgreich für die Methode der numerischen Radialtriangulation angewendet. Es werden die mathematischen Gleichungen und die Testergebnisse angegeben. Die Methode kann auch angewendet werden, um die Anordnung konjugierter Hauptpunkte zu vermeiden.
ORTHOPHOTOMAP PRODUCTION IN A COMMERCIAL SURVEY ORGANISATION
Authors: Dougall I. S.
Published: July 2010

This paper outlines the technical procedures used in commercial orthophotomap production and attempts to identify some of the main differences in technical approach between orthophotomapping and conventional line mapping.

On décrit les techniques industrielles de production d'orthophotocartes et on compare leur emploi avec celui des techniques classiques.

Skizzierung der Technologien, die bei der kommerziellen Herstellung von Orthofotokarten angewendet werden, wobei versucht wird, die hauptsächlichen Unterschiede der Techniken zur Herstellung von Orthofotokarten und konventionellen Strichkarten aufzudecken.
STABILITY OF RELATIVE ORIENTATION
Authors: Rostom R. S.
Published: July 2010

This paper investigates the effect of the deviation of measured points from the standard locations when carrying out a relative orientation of a stereomodel. The analytical solution of more than 100 cases was considered and, for each case, the weights for the elements of relative orientation and the correlation coefficients were evaluated. The stability of the solution was studied by calculating the characteristic roots of the matrix of normal equations.

It is shown that, theoretically, the solution of the relative orientation problem can always be achieved whenever the locations of the measured points satisfy stated geometrical requirements. However, the reliability of the solution depends on their exact positions in the stereomodel. When the accuracy is too low, in practice there is no solution.

On étudié l'effet sur l'orientation relative d'un couple de variations de position des points de base. Plus de 100 cas ont été considérés et à chaque fois ont été estimées les précisions des paramètres calculés ainsi que leur correlation. On a de plus, étudié la stabilité de la solution par l'intermédiaire des valeurs propres de la matrice normale.

Il n'est pas indispensable, en principe, d'imposer de contraintes précises au choix des points de base; mais de ce choix dépend la fiabilité de la solution, faible s‘il est par trop fantaisiste.

In der Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Abweichung der gemessenen Punkte von ihrer Standardlage bei relativer Orientierung eines Stereomodells untersucht. Dazu werden mehr als 100 analytische Lösungen analysiert und für jeden Fall die Gewichte der Elemente der relativen Orientierung und die Korrelationskoeffizienten berechnet. Die Stabilität der Lösung wurde durch Berechnung der charakteristischen Wurzeln der Matrix der Normalgleichungen abgeschätzt.

Es wird gezeigt, dass theoretisch immer die Lösung des Problems der relativen Orientierung erreicht werden kann, sobald die Lage der Messpunkte die geometrischen Anforderungen erfüllt. Die Zuverlässigkeit der Lösung hängt jedoch von der exakten Lage der Punkte ab. Wenn ihre Genauigkeit zu gering ist, gibt es praktisch keine Lösung.
A HYBRID PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
Authors: Stove G. C. , Ritchie P. F. S.
Published: July 2010

The development of the Macaulay Automated Photogrammetric System (MAPS) is described. Interaction with a software based image processing system provides a unique hybrid photogrammetric and image processing system (MAPIPS). With the addition of a Wild Aviotab TA plotting table, a tri‐axis locator and PRI‐I interface, the current status of MAPIPS is discussed. Examples are given of the use of this system for natural resource surveys.

Il s'agit d'une description du développement du système de photogrammétrie automatisée Macaulay (MAPS). En ajoutant à ce système tin ensemble de logiciels de base de traitement d'images, on obtient un système intégré unique hybride (MAPIPS), adapté aux traitements d'images et de photogrammétrie.

La discussion porte sur l'état actuel de ce système MAPIPS que l'on a complété d'une table de restitution graphique Wild Aviotab TA, d'un système de positionnement numérique selon les 3 axes de coordonnées et d'un interface PRI‐1.

Des exemples d'utilisation de ce système pour la cartographie des ressources naturelles sont donnés.

Beschreibung des automatischen photogrammetrischen Systems Macaulay (MAPS). Durch Kombination mit einem Bildverarbeitungssystem ergibt sich ein unikales hybrides photogrammetrisches und ein Bildverarbeitungssystem (MAPIPS). Diskussion der gegenwärtigen Ausbaustufe, die durch Hinzunahme eines Zeichentisches Wild Aviotab TA, eines dreiachsigen Einstellgerätes und eines PRI‐I Interfaces gekennzeichnet ist. Angabe von Beispielen zur Anwendung dieses Systems bei Vermessungen für natürliche Ressourcen.
DIGITAL TECHNIQUES FOR 1:50000 SCALE MAPPING AND REVISION
Authors: Gibbons J. G.
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses techniques for the acquisition of digital topographic data and the automation of cartographic processes for map production used by the Surveys and Mapping Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada.

Ce texte présente une discussion sur les techniques utilisées au Service géographique fédéral Canadien dans le domaine de la saisie des données topographiques numériques et de l'automatisation des procédés cartographiques pour la production des cartes.

Im Artikel werden die Verfahren zur Gewinnung digitaler topographischer Daten und die Automation kartographischer Prozesse zur Kartenherstellung in Kanada diskutiert.
AN ALGORITHM FOR THE CALIBRATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Ihemadu S. O.
Published: July 2010

The algorithm presented assumes a preliminary determination of the elements of inner orientation and bases its mathematical model on the collinearity condition, from which projective equations are derived. Linearisation of condition equations is based on Taylor's expansion, whilst the subsequent solution follows iteration cycles. The method aims to derive composite corrections to image coordinates, with the aid of test field data.

L'auteur présente un algorithme oú l'on suppose déterminés au préalable les éléments d'orientation interne. La modélisation mathématique s'appuie sur les conditions de co‐linéarité et sur les équations qui en résultent en projection. On linéarise les équations de conditions en utilisant un développement en série de Taylor, et l'on obtient la solution correspondante par itération. La méthode vise à apporter des corrections aux coordonnées images en utilisant les données d'un polygone d'essai.

Bei dem dargestellten Algorithmus wird die vorläufige Bestimmung der Elemente der inneren Orientierung angenommen, und das mathematische Modell basiert aufder Kollinearitätsgleichung, woraus perspektive Gleichungen abgeleitet werden. Die Linearisierung der Bedingungsgleichungen erfolgt durch Anwendung der Taylor‐Reihe, was für die folgenden Berechnungen einen iterativen Prozess bedingt. Mit der Methode wird angestrebt, Bildkoordinaten mit Hilfe von Testfelddaten zu verbessern.
PLOTTING TABLES AND PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Neale M. A.
Published: July 2010

This paper reports on some work which has been undertaken to assess the advantages of increased automation in plotting tables attached to stereoplotters.

Cet article fait état d'un travail qui a été entrepris en vue d'évaluer les avantages d'un accroissement de l'automatisation des tables tracantes reliées aux appareils de restitution.

Es wird über Arbeiten berichtet, um Vorteile aus einer gesteigerten Automation bei Zekhentischen zu gewinnen, die an Stereokartiergeräte angeschlossen sind.
THE MAPPING OF NORTHERN GREENLAND
Authors: Bengtsson T.
Published: July 2010

Approximately 110 sheets of orthophotomaps at a scale of 1:100000 covering all the ice, free area (300000 km2) of northern Greenland are to be produced by the Geodetic Institute of Denmark. Super‐wide angle photography at a scale of 1:150 000 was acquired in 1978. Individual models are set up in a Wild B8S stereoplotter and, after carrying out aerial triangulation, a numerical method of absolute orientation is used. A digital ground model of the entire area is established in order to enable the interpolation of contour lines, for automatic plotting and to produce control data, for the orthophotoprojector. a Wild OR1. Methods of data handling and control, accuracies and typical errors are discussed.
IMAGE ANALYSIS AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY WITHIN THE NERC THEMATIC INFORMATION SERVICE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIFIED SPATIAL MODEL
Authors: Jackson M. J.
Published: July 2010

The paper presents research and development at the Thematic Information Service of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) on the topic of integrated geographic information systems. The term integrated is used to describe the incorporation of vector digitised map data and raster scanned remotely sensed data within a single computational environment and with a single interface to the user. Point sampled and statistical data can also be handled by the system. The general structure and working of the Thematic Information Service (TIS) is described only to the extent that it is relevant to providing the background to the research or to highlighting why the specific approach described has been taken.
A REVIEW OF MAP REVISION BY PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Walker A. S.
Published: July 2010

Revision has become a task equally as important as new mapping. Photogrammetric methods, however, have developed around the latter rather than the former. Modern instrumentation rejects this growth process. This paper examines the efficacy of various photogrammetric approaches for revision with respect to both detection and plotting of change.
A COMPARISON OF SOME BLOCK ADJUSTMENT SYSTEMS IN CURRENT USE
Authors: Smith A. B.
Published: July 2010

Eight aerial triangulation block adjustment systems were tested using two blocks of Ordnance Survey data. The iterative relaxation methods could not cope with the standard patterns of control. Bundle methods, especially with additional parameters, gave significantly better results than model adjustments. Ease of data handling and clarity of output are considered to be more important factors than absolute accuracy in choosing a block adjustment system.
XVth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Wickens E. H. , Woodrow H. C. , Proctor D. W. , Farrow J. E. , Newton I. , Burnside C. D. , Allan J. A. , Taylor J.
Published: July 2010

The XVth International Congress of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, organised by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, was held at Rio Centro. Rio de Janeiro from 17th to 29th June, 1984. Reports on the activities of the seven technical Commissions as well as on the Exhibition and the General Assembly were given to a meeting of the Photogrammetric Society on 16th October, 1984. Papers were published in the International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 25.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INEXPENSIVE IMAGE SPACE PLOTTER
Authors: Carson W. W.
Published: July 2010

This paper discusses an inexpensive, analytical system designed for a forestry application of photogrammetry. It is presented in two parts. Part I describes an image space plotter that was built in New Zealand and is operating there. The system uses a digitising table to collect left‐hand photograph co‐ordinates. an encoded micrometer bar to measure × parallax and a mirror stereoscope for viewing photographs. The mathematical, formulation is based on simplifications first suggested by E. H. Thompson. Good accuracy in ground heights can be achieved by the system, but only poor accuracy in planimetric co‐ordinates. The cause of poor planimetric accuracy is investigated in Part II. Two error sources are apparent: the simplified analytical theory and systematic errors from the digitising table. Part II also investigates the relationship between random errors in image co‐ordinate measurements and system accuracy.
DATA PROCESSING METHODS FOR AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHS
Authors: Gruent A. W.
Published: July 2010

Using modern techniques, the analysis of amateur photographs yields results with almost the same accuracy level as with metric photographs. This paper gives a classification of data processing techniques for amateur photographs and presents a well proven method for the treatment of existing amateur photographs, known as Metric Photo Perspective Transformation (MPPT). Data processing is particularly convenient and efficient if on line techniques are used. Operational procedures for the treatment of additional parameters and for the detection of blunders in a time critical on line triangulation system are proposed.
TERRAIN APPROXIMATION BY FIXED GRID POLYNOMIAL
Authors: Segu W. P.
Published: July 2010

A method of describing terrain by a fixed grid polynomial is described. The method employs a Chebyshev polynomial with a least squares criterion of fit. The least squares fit is carried out on an iterative basis to a prescribed degree of fit, either of a root mean square residual, or of a standard deviation of the fitted surface, or of a percentage of the total sum of squares of the residuals. The fitting data overlap along the common boundaries of the grids. Interpolation at any new point is carried out patchwise. An application of the method in highway engineering is described.
REPORT ON THE METRIC CAMERA WORKSHOP AT DFVLR OBERPFAFFENHOFEN
Authors: Dowman I. J.
Published: July 2010

The Metric Camera workshop was held to discuss results obtained from experiences carried out by principal investigations in the Metric Camera Project. The papers divided into three groups: photogrammetric investigations, interpretation and general. The photogrammetric investigations covered tests of accuracy. Plotting, aerial triangulation and the production of digital elevation modles and orthophotographs. There was general agreement that planimetric accuracies of between 20 m and 30 m and height accuracies of about 30 m could be achieved The emphasis within the group of papers on interpretation was on geology and the maping of cultural features. Results of this work are summarised and discussed in this paper.
ON THE CALIBRATION OF UNDERWATER CAMERAS
Authors: Fryer J. G. , Fraser C. S.
Published: July 2010

Analytical plumbline and serf calibration techniques are applied to the calibration of two underwater cameras: a Rolleifex SLX réseau camera with an Aquamarin WKD‐SLX/6006 submarine housing and a Nikonos V underwater camera. The Rolleiflex was fitted with a 50 mm Distagon f/4 lens and the Nikonos with a 28 mm Nikkor‐UW f/3.5 lens. Comparisons of the results from the two methods of camera calibration are described. Theoretical differences are predicted for in‐air versus in‐water values for radial distortion. When these are compared to the actually observed values of distortion, an insight is provided of the precisions claimed for each method of camera calibration.
AERIAL SURVEY CAMERA TRIALS
Authors: Farrow J. E.
Published: July 2010

During 1985, the opportunity arose to make some test flights with the Wild RC10A and the Zeiss (Oberkochen) RMK A 15/23 with forward motion compensation. This paper outlines the changes incorporated in modern cameras, summarises the Ordnance Survey's photogrammetric tasks, describes the test flights which were achieved and illustrates the results obtained.
AIR SURVEY COMES OF AGE IN THE ORDNANCE SURVEY OF IRELAND: 1965–1986
Authors: Walsh M. C.
Published: July 2010

Since the mid‐1960s, the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, whose headquarters are in Dublin, has undergone great technological change. This paper emphasises the photogrammetric aspects of that change and outlines how a sophisticated range of modern equipment is used in the supply of survey data for the Irish Republic.
SERIES MAP PRODUCTION BY 42 SURVEY ENGINEER GROUP
Authors: Vickers A. J. M.
Published: July 2010

After a brief explanation of the role of the Directorate of Military Survey, the paper describes the production of part of a new series of 1:100 000 scale maps of Oman by soldiers of 42 Survey Engineer Group. Starting with the design and observation of the field survey control network, continuing with aerial triangulation and plotting, followed by compilation and all stages of production from drawing to printing of the maps, the project exercised the skills of survey technician soldiers to a high degree. The paper elaborates on the unusual problems caused by the barren nature of the terrain and describes the use of advanced technology during the latter part of the project.
SMALL FORMAT AERIAL SURVEYS FROM LIGHT AND MICROLIGHT AIRCRAFT
Authors: Graham R. W.
Published: July 2010

Small format (SF) cameras, fitted to light or microlight aircraft, can provide an economic and convenient alternative to the more expensive conventional mapping systems. Further advantages accrue from the use of wider aperture lenses, an extensive range of easily available films and simplijed processing. These advantages can be exploited by employing light aircraft for small survey missions, such as map revision, and desktop photogrammetric systems dedicated to handling SF imagery. In this paper, an account is given of a research study involving SF map revision survey photography, using a modern microlight aircraft and a 70 mm metric camera.
A VIDEO TRACKING SYSTEM FOR A LIGHT AIRCRAFT
Authors: Ekin W. H.
Published: July 2010

Due to the inherent poor downward visibility of typical light faced wing aircraft the tracking of parallel flight lines is a problem. Various solutions have been examined and details of a remotely controlled colour video system are given.
MODELLING FOR DIGITAL TERRAIN AND LANDSCAPE VISUALISATION
Authors: Kennie T. J. M. , McLaren R. A.
Published: July 2010

Methods of creating digital terrain and landscape models for regional and site specific visualisations are described. A number of alternative approaches are discussed and their relative accuracies are considered. This is followed by a review of the computer graphics procedures which can be used to render such models. Particular attention is directed towards methods for depth cueing, hidden surface removal, shading and texturing. The effects of the atmosphere and methods of producing shadows are also examined. The paper then presents varied applications of such visualisations, including small scale, regional examples and large scale, site specific applications. In conclusion, the role of photogrammetry in the process of visualisation is assessed and possible future developments in this field are identified.
ON THE MEASURE OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL ACCURACY
Authors: Li Zhilin
Published: July 2010

In digital terrain model (DTM) production, one important concern is the accuracy and a comprehensive measure of DTM accuracy is of significance. In this paper, the existing measures are evaluated; the potential measures are also discussed and, finally, a more comprehensive measure is recommended.
STEREOMICROSCOPE PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SMALL OBJECTS
Authors: Mitchell H. L. , Chadwick R. G. , McCabe J. F.
Published: July 2010

A stereoscopic microscope has been used in combination with the body of a 35 mm camera to obtain stereophotographs, at scales up to 6:1, of objects only a few millimetres in size. Subsequent stereocomparator observations have been used to deduce height differences on the objects 10 a precision, for the mean of five sets of readings, of ±0.01 mm for closely spaced points. Using more widely separated points, the precision was estimated to be ± 0.05 mm. Depths were computed using × parallaxes after a number of parameters were fixed by calibration. The large convergence angle of the microscope axes was a crucial parameter; rotations about the camera axis were found to be significant variables.
X‐RAY PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF ARTIFICIAL JOINTS
Authors: Turner‐Smith A. R.
Published: July 2010

X‐ray photogrammetry has the potential to make a significant contribution to clinical orthopaedic practice. The features of X‐ray photogrammetry as it can be applied in the clinical setting are reviewed, together with some of the analytical methods of three dimensional reconstruction. A major effort in orthopaedics involves the further improvement in the durability of artificial hip joints, whose ultimate life is usually limited by loosening of the components within the bone. Current methods of assessment are described and a review presented of X‐ray photogrammetry of the hip. It is believed that a proposed system at Oxford combines the best features of earlier methods. Some possible developments of X‐ray photogrammetry in orthopaedics are suggested.
WAYS OF SEEING
Authors: Dowman I. J.
Published: July 2010

The theme of this paper is the importance of very basic communication skills which may be taken for granted. It shows how an appreciation of art can contribute to an understanding of photogrammetry and how techniques of painting and the aims of painters can aid an ability to communicate. Photogrammetrists need a mathematical background but the mathematics which is taught at school may not be enough. It is necessary to look to less conventional thinkers in order to understand, for example, how perspective and projective transformations can complement the geometric fundamentals of photography to extract information. Finally the paper explores the theme of “Ways of seeing” to see how photogrammetry and remote sensing can interact to enable practitioners to learn from each other to exploit the great wealth of information contained in an image.
THE EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY ON THE PROFILE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES
Authors: Forno C. , Kearney A.
Published: July 2010

This paper examines the quantitative measurements of out‐of‐plane displacement produced by the effect of humidity changes on photographic plates in an attempt to provide a compensation which can be applied in situations involving photographic measurements in unstable ambient conditions. The two approaches discussed are profile measurements by holographic methods and a mechanical transducer technique.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURES OF SPACE RESECTION BY COLLINEARITY EQUATIONS
Authors: Shih T. Y.
Published: July 2010

Space resection with collinearity equations is an elementary task in computational photogrammetry. However, two confusing issues associated with this process were identified from past teaching experiences in a third year university level course of analytical photogrammetry, These two issues, namely the formulation of observation equations and the performance of least squares adjustment, are discussed. Numerical examples are provided for illustration.
LASERTRACE
Authors: Mathie A.
Published: July 2010

Lasertrace is a high accuracy measurement system for the remote, non‐contact determination of position, velocity, or acceleration in two or three dimensions. It uses advanced two axis laser steering technology to locate and measure the angular position, from itself, of an identified point on an object under investigation. If the object subsequently moves, the steerable laser beam actually tracks the point providing updated position coordinates as it does so. An operating window of 40° in both axes guarantees system versatility in a wide range of applications.
GEOMETRICAL QUALITY CONTROL IN NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS: AN APPLICATION OF HIGH PRECISION UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY†
Authors: Przybilla H.‐J. , Kotowski R. , Meid A. , Weber B.
Published: July 2010

This paper presents all the stages involved in the procedure for the determination of the shape of a fuel assembly, which is an essential part of a nuclear power plant and can only be handled underwater. Phototriangulation is used to obtain orientation elements, taking into account light refracting surfaces. Stereomodels are then set up for analytical restitution and the shape parameters for the object can be obtained. The project is a typical example of high precision underwater photogrammetry.
FURTHER LIGHT ON FOURCADE
Authors: Storrar C. D.
Published: July 2010

Since the publication of L. P. Adams's paper, “Henry Georges Fourcade”, Photogrammetric Record, 8(45): 287–296 (April 1975), further research in France, Japan and South Africa has disclosed new and interesting information about the life and works of this talented and versatile man. This paper by Fourcade's biographer gives new information about his antecedents; his early education; the fact that, having discovered the theory of relative orientation (want of correspondence) by 1901, he had actually formulated it in 1903 in a letter to Aimé Laussedat, although it was only published in 1926; about confirmation of the precision of his historic 1904 map of Devil's Peak in 1987; the often strained relations that existed between the temperamental inventor, the War Office (M14) and the instrument makers; and about his important contribution to forestry and the Botanical Survey of South Africa.
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN DESERT TERRAIN BY CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Kirby R. P.
Published: July 2010

As part of the measurements of desert terrain characteristics in the United Arab Emirates, made in support of a study of airborne radar, close range vertical stereophotographs of various natural surfaces were taken with a pair of Hasselblad MK70 metric cameras. The technique is described and the constraints imposed by the ground conditions and the need for rapid measurements are explained. Various terrain types are illustrated and the method is described whereby variables summarising surface roughness and surface slope were generated from profiles of the microrelief. From a more general discussion of current equipment and geomorphological applications of close range photogrammetry, it is concluded that this flexible technique is presently under utilised by field scientists.
A GUIDE TO PRODUCING A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SPECIFICATION FOR THE ARCHITECT IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Authors: Davies A. G. T.
Published: July 2010

Deux des conférenciers ďun symposium ďune journée, qui s'est tenu le 31 octobre 1990 et fut consacré aux problèmes du choix de nouvelles techniques et de nouveaux équipements, présentent des commentaires sur ľemploi de la compensation du filé longitudinal dans les chambres de prises de vues aériennes et sur la normalisation en photogrammétrie architecturale.

Zwei der Redner aufeinem eintägigen Symposium, das am 31.10.90 zur Thematik der Einführung neuer Technik und Verfahren stattfand, beschäftigen sich mit der Einführung der Bildwanderungskompensation in Lufibildmeβkammern und einer Spezifikation für die Architekturphotogrammetrie.
REALLY CLOSE UP! SURVEYING SURFACES AT SUB‐MICROMETRE RESOLUTION: THE MEASUREMENT OF OSTEOCLASTIC RESORPTION LACUNAE
Authors: Boyde A. , Jones S. J.
Published: July 2010

The authors discuss systems for the three dimensional measurement of microscopic features, in particular the pits made by isolated bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) in test substrates with flat surfaces; such measurements may be used to assay the work done by these cells. Confocal light microscopy, with its very shallow depth of field, seems to be replacing scanning electron microscopic stereophotogrammetry as the preferred method for such measurement.

Les auteurs examinent les systèmes de mesures tri‐dimensionelles ďobjets microscopiques tels que, en particulier, les cavités creusies dans des substrats expérimentaux, déposés sur des surfaces plates, par des cellules isolées résorbant les os (ostéoclastes). On peut recourir à de telles mesures pour évaluer le travail effectué par ces cellules. Il semble que dans ces mesures, on tende à remplacer la stéréophotogrammétrie au microscope électronique à balayage par la microscopie à lumière confocale qui possède une très faible profondeur de champ et emporte la préférence.

Die Autoren diskutieren Systeme zur dreidimensionalen Ausmessung von Mikroskopabbildungen, insbesondere der Vertiefungen, die durch isolierte, Knochen resorbierende Zellen (Osteoklaster) in Testsubstraten mit ebenen Oberflächen verursacht wurden. Solche Messungen konnen zur Prüfung der von diesen Zellen geleisteten Arbeit genutzt werden. Die Mikroskopie mit konfokalem Licht und einer sehr geringen Gesichtsfeldtiefe scheint die Stereophotogrammetrie mittels Rasterelektronen‐mikroskop als der bevorzugten Methode für solche Messungen zu ersetzen.