bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The solution for the problem of calculating a gas pipeline
Authors: Karimov A. , Ismanov M. , Sovutov Mukhiddin
Published: November 2024

This scientific article examines the problem of calculating an elementary section of a gas pipeline operating in a periodic mode, with mass flow at the inlet and pressure at the outlet. The relationship between changes in gas mass flow in the receiver and pipeline according to boundary conditions has been developed; the receiver is installed at the entrance to the pipeline. When modeling the system under study, we use linearized quasione-dimensional equations of state of real gas in a gas pipeline. In the works of I.A. Charny, a similar condition was constructed, but at the outlet of the gas pipeline, and the problem itself was formulated in relation to pressure. In our case, the problem will be formulated with respect to mass flow. For the problem under consideration, a system of equations regarding gas mass flow was used. The solution to the problem is sought in the form of a sum of stationary and periodic parts. Thus, a solution to the problem of propagation of a unit amplitude of the input disturbance of the gas mass flow rate relative to the mass flow rate has been obtained.
Laminar unsteady flow of a viscoelastic liquid in a flat channel
Authors: Shukurov Zakhid , Navruzov Kuralboy , Turayev Mukhammadi , Abdukarimov Nabijan
Published: November 2024

The generalized Maxwell model is used to handle problems involving the unsteady flow of a viscoelastic liquid in a flat channel under the effect of a constant pressure gradient. Formulas for the distribution of velocity, fluid flow, and other hydrodynamic characteristics are found by addressing this issue. Considering the found formulas, transient processes in the nonstationary flow of a viscoelastic liquid in a flat channel are analyzed. The findings of the investigation revealed that the procedures of transition of the characteristics of a viscoelastic liquid from a nonstationary state to a stationary one, at small values of the Debord number, practically do not differ from the processes of transition of a Newtonian liquid. When the Debord numbers exceed, comparatively, one, It has been demonstrated that the transition of a viscoelastic liquid from a nonstationary to a stationary state is wave-like, as opposed to the transition of a Newtonian liquid, and the transition period is many times longer. It has also been found that perturbed processes can occur during the transition and they, occurring in unsteady flows of a viscoelastic liquid, can be stabilized by mixing a Newtonian liquid in it. The realization of this property is critical in technical and technological processes, preventing technical faults or malfunctions.
Technology development for producing plastic lubricant with secondary raw materials
Authors: Ayrapetov Dmitriy
Published: November 2024

The study explores the possibility of obtaining a new plastic lubricant based on secondary raw materials and local resources. The production of plastic lubricant from waste allows for the replacement of industrial raw materials, which will impact the cost-effectiveness of their production. Moreover, the use of waste ensures environmental safety. A comparative analysis of plastic lubricants was conducted based on all major properties. The properties characterizing modern plastic lubricants were examined, and the most significant operational properties were determined. Market information on plastic lubricants is provided. An analysis of research in the field of plastic lubricants dedicated to import substitution was carried out. The plastic lubricant obtained in laboratory conditions is not inferior in quality to general-purpose lubricants.
Study of the operating parameters of fuel equipment units of MTZ-80x tractors in natural and climatic conditions of the republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Mirzaev Ilhomjon , Zulunov Zukhridin , Abdimominov Ikromjon , Yasharov Madiyorbek
Published: November 2024

The climate of the Republic of Uzbekistan is dry, sharply continental, which in the conditions of agricultural production has a significant impact on the contamination of diesel fuel in tractor tanks and the reliability of the fuel system as a whole. In connection with which studies were conducted on the operating parameters of the fuel equipment units of MTZ-80X tractors operated in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results of the research will be applied in further research and will be aimed at adjusting the standards for the service life of air and fuel filters and the performance of maintenance operations for tractors operating in the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Addressing environmental pollution: Solutions for the Bukhara region at local and regional levels
Authors: Hotamova Maftuna , Dilova Nargiza
Published: November 2024

Environmental pollution remains a critical global issue, with effects manifesting at various scales—from local to global. In particular, the Bukhara region faces significant environmental challenges due to pollution of air, water, soil, and waste management. This study aims to address environmental pollution specifically in the Bukhara region by identifying key local and regional challenges and proposing practical solutions to mitigate these issues. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including environmental assessments and stakeholder interviews. It reviews existing data on pollution sources and impact in the Bukhara region and examines case studies of successful pollution control measures. Key findings reveal that pollution in the Bukhara region significantly impacts public health and local ecosystems. Air and water quality are particularly affected, with notable pollution sources including industrial emissions and inadequate waste management. The study identifies several effective strategies implemented in similar contexts that could be adapted for the Bukhara region. Addressing environmental pollution in the Bukhara region requires a multifaceted approach involving local and regional strategies. The findings highlight the need for improved pollution control measures, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and community engagement. Implementing these solutions could significantly mitigate environmental impacts and contribute to sustainable development in the region.
Developing effective environmental safety measures: Strategic directions and implementation
Authors: Safarova Rohat
Published: November 2024

Global climate change presents severe environmental challenges that impact human well-being, socio-economic stability, and sustainable development. Addressing these issues effectively is crucial for enhancing environmental safety and quality of life. This study aims to explore strategic directions for enhancing environmental safety in response to global climate change and to analyze historical and theoretical perspectives on humanenvironment interactions. The research employs a comprehensive review of historical periodization and theoretical frameworks from various scholars to assess current proposals and conclusions related to environmental safety measures. The analysis includes both qualitative and quantitative data to support the evaluation of proposed strategies. Key findings reveal a range of strategic directions for improving environmental safety, including policy recommendations, technological advancements, and community-based initiatives. These strategies are supported by evidence from historical and contemporary sources. Effective environmental safety measures require a multifaceted approach, integrating historical insights, theoretical perspectives, and practical strategies. Implementing these measures can significantly contribute to mitigating the impacts of climate change and advancing sustainable development goals.
Analyzing the sources and consequences of atmospheric pollution: A case study of the Navoi region
Authors: Shovdirov Sunnat
Published: November 2024

Atmospheric pollution is a critical issue in the Navoi region of Uzbekistan, influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. This study aims to identify and analyze the main sources of air pollution, including emissions from industrial activities, vehicle exhaust, and dust from construction projects, along with natural contributors such as the region’s arid climate and sandy soils. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, utilizing both field measurements and data analysis, to assess the levels and sources of atmospheric pollutants. This included monitoring emissions from key industrial sources, traffic surveys for vehicle emissions, and environmental assessments for dust and particulate matter. The findings indicate that industrial emissions are the predominant source of pollution, followed by vehicle exhaust and dust from construction activities. The study also reveals that natural factors, such as the arid climate and wind-blown sand, exacerbate the pollution levels. The pollutants identified have significant impacts on local ecosystems, degrading air quality and posing serious health risks to the population, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to reduce atmospheric pollution in the Navoi region.
Coverage of public health and environmental problems in Bukhara in the periodical press
Authors: Orziyev Mahmud , Kucharov Jamshid , Egamberdiyev Faxriddin
Published: November 2024

In the following article the aggravation of the environmental situation in the city of Bukhara, as well as the lack of knowledge about modern medicine in Bukhara, the obsolescence of concepts in the field of urban planning, in particular as a result of the fact that at the beginning of the 20th century the Zarafshan river brought less and less water to Bukhara due to the fact that diseases caused by the severity of the hygienic condition of the streets of the city of Bukhara and feedback on their prevention, treatment are reflected in the periodic press issues have been analyzed.
Construction of a mathematical model of the use of IT technologies in Theory of Functions
Authors: Kurbonov Gulomjon , Mirzoev Dilshod , Jumaev Akhrom , Nurov Homid , Ergashov Zuhriddin
Published: November 2024

This article reveals the construction of a mathematical model based on it technologies through the use of ergonomic indicators of the development of creative literacy culture, information communication competencies related to critical thinking. It shows that in the process of determining the effectiveness of students to obtain independent knowledge on the basis of IT technologies, the participation of participants in the process of obtaining holistic systematic knowledge, the development of independent-creative thinking skills, one of the highly effective methods of teaching, which develops the prognostic properties of qualimetric parameters that create a user interface in the course. In the formation of the infrastructure of cognitive competencies of students, indicators for assessing the level of creativity serving motivational, cognitive, purposeful thinking regarding the practical application of IT technologies to the educational process are justified by the need to use the principles of mobility, communication, informativeness, self-development-based comparison and Strategic Forecasting.
Investigation of physicochemical properties of guanidine-based corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Niyozov Erkin , Razzakov Khasan , Nazarov Sayfulla , Olimov Bobir , Gafurova Gulnoz
Published: November 2024

Physico-chemical analyzes were used to investigate the anti-corrosion potential of guanidine thiocyanate derivatives for steel in 2.5 M HCl-HF solution in the temperature range of 70-90°C. The obtained results proved that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration from 1.1•10-4 M to 9.8•10-4 M. The degree of protection at the minimum concentration of the inhibitor in the HCl-HF solution at 70°C was 92.1%. The values of Gibb’s energy (ΔGoadsor.) for the process ranged from -18.78 kJ/mol to -28.63 kJ/mol. This result indicates the spontaneous adsorption of inhibitors on the steel surface, and the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Analyzing the values of enthalpy (ΔH°), it was found that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the steel surface was endothermic. The entropy value of chemosorption means that this process occurs with a decrease in entropy.
Research on the criteria of cryptographic resistant of continuous encryption algorithms
Authors: Akbarov Davlatali , Umarov Shukhratjon , Turdimatov Mamirjon , Sotvoldiyev Husniddin , Abduqodirov Abdulhay , Karimov Ulmasbek
Published: November 2024

The article examines the features of the criteria for the strength of continuous encryption algorithms. The general properties of the models of algorithms of the continuous encryption class are revealed. On their basis, the corresponding requirements are formulated in the form of criteria that determine the necessary conditions for cryptographic resistant. The totality of these criteria is formulated as a statement.
A method of experimental study of the operation of technological material distributors
Authors: Isokhanov Utkir , Turdibekov Salokhiddin , Aliyev Abdusalom , Karimov Ozodjon
Published: November 2024

In this article, the use of technological materials in order to clear the road surface of snow and ice in a relatively short time and to reduce the number of road traffic accidents when the height, diameter, rotation speed and delivery speed of the spreader disk of the MAN special road machine are different. indicators of sprinkling density were compared. The experiment conducted on the interaction between the operating modes of the working bodies and the spreader of technological materials made it possible to choose and justify the parameters for the distribution of technological materials on the road surface to eliminate freezing and slippery conditions in the winter season. The values of theoretical and experimental data were determined and compared during the experiment on the interaction of the spreading disc parameters. During the experiment on the interaction of the parameters of the material supply mechanism, the values of theoretical and experimental data were determined and compared. Thus, according to the data obtained from the experimental study, the design parameters determining the speed of the material conveying mechanism and the speed of the machine, which determine the design parameters of the specified proportionality coefficient (a), showed that the value calculated by the speed of the material conveying mechanism and the speed of the machine exceeded the theoretical value by an average of 3%.
Optimization of boundary conditions for the dump trucks on internal quarry roads
Authors: Korabayev Sherzod , Rustamova Nodira , Valieva Zulfiya , Jumaniyozov Khurmatbek , Mirxojayev Mirjamol
Published: November 2024

Dump trucks play a key role in cargo transportation on intra-quarry roads, ensuring efficient extraction and transportation of raw materials. Optimizing the boundary conditions of their motion is a necessary step to improve productivity and reduce costs in the mining industry. This abstract presents a study aimed at analyzing and improving the traffic conditions of dump trucks inside quarries. The study includes an analysis of typical problems faced by dump trucks on quarry roads, such as congestion, road conditions, speed limits and traffic safety. Based on modern modeling and optimization techniques, solutions are proposed to improve boundary conditions and improve logistics efficiency. Also, various technical and organizational measures are analyzed, such as the implementation of monitoring and control systems, route optimization, driver training and improvement of road infrastructure. Using data from real cases and expert assessments, the study proposes an integrated approach to optimizing the boundary conditions of dump trucks, which helps increase productivity, reduce costs and improve safety on internal quarry roads. This study is intended to be useful to mining, logistics and engineering professionals, as well as business managers who are interested in optimizing freight transportation processes and improving the efficiency of in-mine vehicle fleets.
Modern state of metrological support of “digital level - barcode staff” measurement systems
Authors: Mirzaev Anvar , Yekimov Sergey , Khavina Irina , Pyurko Olga , Hlebova Natalia
Published: November 2024

In this work, several methods for studying measuring systems “digital level - barcode staff” are analyzed. The methods of different countries for checking means and technological schemes for monitoring the main metrological parameters of barcode strips are compared. Based on the material studied, it was revealed that metrological support for the “digital level - barcode staff” system is carried out in specialized laboratories, which is not available to every user. As a result, the study revealed that not one of the methods considered the influence of vertical refraction. Based on the research of this article, it is proposed to improve the control technique taking into account the influence of vertical refraction.
Eco-conscious marketing strategies for the development of digital markets in small business
Authors: Hudayberganov D.T. , Aminova M.S. , Madraimova M.R. , Eshniyazova Y.Y. , Urinova D.B. , Ishchanova S.I.
Published: November 2024

This article describes the importance of digital markets in small business activity, its characteristics, directions for its development, and aspects of effective development of this industry through digitization. Expanding the economic efficiency and opportunities of small business by applying the elements of the digital economy, as well as attracting small business to the digital economy, creating a digital market in this area and methods of using digital technologies, the advantages of digital business in the context of digital transformation, the effective organization of this market through e-commerce and issues of creating its structure were discussed.
Effectiveness of experimental work aimed at developing environmental competence of students
Authors: Husenova Aziza , Jumayeva Mehribo , Nizomova Shoxista , Shokirova Markhabo , Himoyeva Sarvarbegim , Abdullayev Shuxrat
Published: November 2024

Quantitative changes in improving the efficiency of students’ economic competence and improving their qualifications in the process of teaching economics in the higher education system were summarized in the evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching according to the student fisher method. Using the coefficients of elasticity in the analysis of regression equations, we determined the research hypotheses of the second, third and final stages of control and experimental class participants with the indicators of the first stage. At the end of the experimental work, it was proved that the knowledge indicators of the respondent increased by 12.8% on average.
The role of land resources improvement and development
Authors: Tulakov Ulugbek , Khurramov Azizbek , Khurramova Madina , Tolipova Feruza , Mustafina Venera , Shaymardanov Abror , Djalilova Malika , Soliyev Abdumalik
Published: November 2024

An area that can be defined as land is referred to as land and land resources. It includes all characteristics of the biosphere that are directly above or below the surface of the earth, such as the near-surface, climate, soil and terrain forms, surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes, and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and the groundwater and geohydrological reserve that are associated with them, the populations of plants and animals, the pattern of human settlement, and the tangible effects of both past and present human activity, such as terracing, water storage or drainage structures, roads, buildings, etc.
Numerical investigation of the receiver in linear Fresnel concentrators using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Kuchkarov Akmaljon , Juraboyev Nodirbek , Tokhirov Mukhammadrafik , Sobirov Muslimjon , Yusupova Feruza , Khakimov Murodjon , Mirzabaeva Khusnigul
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis conducted to evaluate the thermal performance and efficiency of the receiver in a linear Fresnel concentrator system. The receiver, a crucial component in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, absorbs concentrated solar radiation and converts it into usable thermal energy. By employing CFD simulations, the complex fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena within the receiver are investigated, considering factors such as fluid dynamics, convective heat transfer, and thermal losses. The study explores a new design parameters and operational conditions to optimize the receiver's performance, aiming to enhance energy conversion efficiency and minimize thermal losses. Boundary conditions were examined for an ambient temperature of 293.15 K and solar radiation of 800 W/m2. Inlet velocities of the fluid were changed from the 0.2 m/s to 0.5 m/s to evaluate the thermophysical parameters of the absorber of concentrator. The results offer valuable insights into the thermal behavior of the receiver, facilitating informed design decisions and advancements in linear Fresnel concentrator technology for sustainable energy applications.
Microbiological activity of irrigated meadow-alluvial soil in Bukhara depending on salinity level
Authors: Ortikov T. , Umarov Otabek , Bafayeva Zahro , Ochilova Muyassar
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of salinization of meadow-alluvial soils on the number of taxonomic and physiological groups of microorganisms. When the content of water soluble salts in the meadow-alluvial soil deteriorates the conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms, which is reflected in their numbers. The salt mode of meadow-alluvial soil changes greatly in medium and highly degrees of salinization. Therefore, the number of taxonomic and physiological groups of microorganisms was the smallest in the mean and highly salinization meadow-alluvial soils. On highly saline meadow-alluvial soils, the concentration of the soil solution reaches the greatest indicator that negatively acting on the number of microorganisms. Therefore, on highly saline meadow-alluvial soils, the number of bacteria, mushrooms, actinomycetes, nitrogen fixers, ammonifiers, nitrifers,nitrate reductants and cellulose-decomposing bacteria. The number of microorganisms was influenced by the depth of the horizons. Down the soil profile the number of microorganisms of all groups was significantly reduced in the deepest soil horizon (50-80 cm) was the smallest. This may be due to a decrease in the content of humus and oxygen as it deepens in the soil. The decrease in aerobic microorganisms in this direction was more sharp. The number of taxonomic and physiological groups of microorganisms is significantly affected by the seasons. In irrigated meadow-alluvial soils in the summer in agrocenosis of cotton and other cultures, the number of microorganisms was larger than in spring or autumn. In autumn, the soil salinity is enhanced and achieves the worst state. Therefore, in the middle and strong degrees of salinization in the fall, the number of microorganisms was the smallest.
Breeding technology of Bracon hebetor and other entomophages in biofactories
Authors: To`xtayev Shoxnazar
Published: November 2024

Currently, one of the main problems is the reform of the management system of the agricultural sector, the rational use of land and water resources, as well as the protection of harmful organisms by means of predatory and free-feeding and microbiological preparations. If we solve these problems and protect agricultural crops in a biological way, we will provide the population of our country with ecologically clean products with complete food safety. For this purpose, there are currently more than 700 bio laboratories operating in the republic, where mainly 4 types of entomophagous are bred (poacher, egg-eating Trichogramma, goldeneye, and The European mantis). Bracon hebetor paralyzes middle-aged and older hookworms and lays its eggs on their bodies. Hatched larvae feed on worms. There are 4 types of it in Uzbekistan. Bracon bites one hundred and fifty worms in one day and causes paralysis. Its many types of owlet moths damage 3-4 year old worms. After release, poachers spread to a distance of 100-150 m during the day. Bracon is highly effective for environmental and warm-blooded creatures in general
The effect of tourism on the ecological state of the environment
Authors: Tsypko Victoria
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the proposed article is to analyze tourism, as one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in the world economy, which has significant and multifaceted socio-cultural and economic consequences of the impact on the environmental state of the environment. Methodology is based on scientific and special research methods. Methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, classification, generalization of economic and methodical sources are used. Research has shown that tourism can be a powerful economic tool, but if not properly planned, it can have a devastating impact on biodiversity and pristine environments, leading to the misuse of natural resources such as water, forests and marine life. In a number of world centers of tourism development, a lack of water is already felt today, which negatively affects the life of local communities, the functioning of industry, the destruction of forests and damaged coral reefs. The article solves important problems related to the diverse impact of tourism on the ecological state of the environment. The adverse impact of tourism on the environment simultaneously undermines the main resource for tourism in coastal areas and strongly affects other non-tourism economic activities. It has been analyzed that the negative consequences of tourism occur when the level of use by visitors exceeds the ability of the environment to cope with this use within acceptable limits of change. It has been proven that to avoid these consequences, tourism must be planned, managed and implemented in a way that is environmentally sustainable, socially beneficial and economically viable.
Optimizing service quality through resource efficiency: An analysis of some strategies for service enterprises
Authors: Arabov Nurali , Yekimov Sergey , Oleksenko Roman , Sobol Yevhen , Vasylenko Andrii , Nasimov Dilmurod , Artikov Zokir , Ismailov Bakhit , Kholbayev Shakhriyor
Published: November 2024

The research article explores the determinants that boost labor productivity in service companies while concurrently improving the quality of services provided to customers. The overarching objective is to secure a competitive advantage for service enterprises by optimizing their labor resources and a consequential elevation in service quality. By delving into these factors, the article aims to provide insights into the strategies employed to refine service delivery and improve the overall quality of services the enterprise offers.
Natural-climatic and geographical features of the territory in the organization of recreation areas
Authors: Juraboyev Asilbek , Juraev Uktam , Akhmedov Jamoldin , Kurganov Uktamjon , Matkarimov Nuriddin , Madirimov Khushnudbek
Published: November 2024

The study of natural-climatic and geographical features plays a critical role in the organization of recreation areas, ensuring that these spaces not only provide leisure and entertainment but also preserve the environment and cater to the health and safety of visitors. This article discusses the key factors such as climate, topography, vegetation, and water bodies that influence the planning and development of recreational spaces. Climate determines the seasonal availability and type of recreational activities possible, while topography influences the accessibility and types of infrastructure feasible. Water bodies enhance the attractiveness of recreational sites, providing opportunities for water sports and activities while also requiring careful management to prevent environmental degradation. Understanding these geographical and climatic characteristics allows planners to optimize the use of space, enhance visitor experiences, and promote sustainable practices that protect natural resources and adapt to the changing climate. This approach ensures that recreational areas serve as sustainable, enjoyable, and health-promoting environments for all visitors.
The Prognostic Impact of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with
Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schott Matthias , Schott-Ohly Patricia , Krieg Sarah , Thomaschky Cora , Wieltsch Jan-Hendrik , Petrovitch Alexander , Krieg Andreas
Published: November 2024

Radioiodine (RAI) therapy after surgery, is an important component for the
treatment of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common
thyroid cancer. In this study we sought to evaluate the cancer-specific survival
(CSS) impact of RAI in specific thyroid cancer subgroups. The Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were used to identify patients
with PTC who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2019. Patients not treated with
RAI were compared to those treated with RAI using propensity score matching
(PSM) on the basis of identical inclusion criteria. A total of 106 333 patients
were identified from the SEER database. RAI therapy was associated with improved
CSS in the matched cohort (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72–0.96, p=0.01) but not in the
unmatched data set (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.30–1.64, p<0.001) among all PTC
patients regardless of disease stage. Detailed analyses, however, showed that
only patients with high-risk disease (pT3N1, pT4N1) experienced the greatest
benefit in CSS. In the lower disease stages, no significant differences were
recognized in the group of PTC patients with or without RAI therapy. One
exception: in the group of PTC patients in stage pT1bN0, a significant
difference was seen towards RAI. This is, however, most likely due to the large
number of patients investigated. In summary, RAI therapy should not be used in
low-risk PTC patients and might be used to some extent in intermediate-risk PTC
patients. The histological suptype of the tumor needs to be considered in this
context.
Aura and osmophobia are associated with the IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587) variant in migraine
Authors: Rocha Amanda Brant , Zendrini Giovana Ortiz , Juliani Maria Paula Bertoletti , Frederico Regina Célia Poli , Bello Valéria Aparecida , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral de , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Vitali-Silva Aline
Published: November 2024

Background Migraine belongs to the group of primary headaches, affecting 14.4% of the global population. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine involve the interplay between hypothalamic activation, cortical spreading depression, trigeminal stimulation, and inflammatory components with neurogenic inflammation or neuroinflammation.

Objective To assess the frequency of the IL1A -899C > T (rs1800587) genetic variant in patients with migraine and healthy controls, as well as its association with the clinical manifestations of migraine.

Methods We conducted a case-control study involving 92 migraine patients and 88 healthy controls matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained. The IL1A -889C > T (rs1800587) variant was identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results The study comprised predominantly women and Caucasian individuals, with no significant differences in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, or BMI observed between the migraine and control groups. Within the migraine group, 57.6% had episodic migraines, and 45.7% experienced aura. The patients carrying the CT genotype showed stronger associations with the presence of aura (CT: 57.7%; TT: 27.5%; p = 0.027), and those carrying the CT and TT genotypes showed higher osmophobia rates when compared with the CC genotype (p = 0.003). The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was not associated with migraine susceptibility, be it chronic or episodic, nor to other symptoms associated with migraine.

Conclusion The IL1A -889C > T genetic variant was associated with aura and osmophobia in migraine patients.
Primer on Embolic Agents and Sclerosants for the Treatment of Vascular Malformations
Authors: Raja Junaid , Williams Dakota , Oser Rachel
Published: November 2024

Vascular malformations (VMs) are a heterogeneous group of arterial, venous, capillary, and/or lymphatic networks that typically are present at birth and grow with the patient. Signs and symptoms associated with VM range from absent to severe, with a broad spectrum of pain, cosmetic disfigurement, and local tissue destruction. Treatment options for these malformations extend from observation to surgical reconstruction. Each treatment modality has a role in the management of vascular anomalies, but also has specific challenges. Observation is not always sufficient, medical therapies may only be available for a subset of patients and are ultimately not curative, and surgical excision may itself be disfiguring or incomplete/not definitive. Sclerotherapy and/or embolotherapy have become a cornerstone of treatment for many types of VMs. These techniques are applicable to a wide range of VMs, are less invasive, have a shorter recovery period, and are repeatable. Although some VMs may not be amenable to percutaneous or endovascular treatment given their location, and multiple sessions may be required for select large and complex VMs, these minimally invasive treatments are often first line and may be definitive in treating VMs. Various agents may be used in sclerotherapy and embolotherapy, each with their own risks and benefits. Although there is a paucity of Level 1 evidence supporting the superiority of one agent over another, longstanding case series and expert experience exist, informing our knowledge of the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy and embolotherapy. A brief overview of the most used sclerotherapy and embolotherapy agents and their uses is provided.
Heart rate variability in chronic ischemic stroke: analysis during the sleep-wake cycle
Authors: Buitrago-Ricaurte Natalia , Cintra Fatima Dumas , Faber Jean , Silva Gisele Sampaio
Published: November 2024

Background Alterations of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the chronic stage of ischemic stroke (IS) are not well understood. Heart rate variability (HRV) provides a noninvasive approach to assess autonomic function.

Objective To compare the HRV parameters during the sleep-wake cycle between patients with IS in the chronic stage and healthy subjects.

Methods We conducted a retrospective transversal study based on clinical records and 24-hour electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring registries of 179 patients with a confirmed IS diagnosis and 184 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Circadian variation was calculated according to the variation of the total autonomic activity (VTAI) and the parasympathetic activity (VPAI) indexes. Comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. Multivariable analyses were performed with canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was established with a confidence level of 95%.

Results During waking hours, the healthy group exhibited higher variability in the time domain and frequency domain parameters: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN, p < 0.001) and of the average NN intervals (SDANN, p < 0.001), as well as low-frequency (LF) band (p < 0.001). During sleep, the difference was higher in the high-frequency (HF) band (p < 0.001), and lower in the low-/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF, p < 0.001). Both VPAI and VTAI showed less significant difference in IS patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion There was diminished heart vagal activity among IS patients, as measured through HRV. During sleep, this is likely caused by an imbalance in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems shifting through the sleep phases. These imbalances could persist over time in patients with IS, lasting months after the initial injury.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient after Hemimaxillectomy due to Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Maxillary Sinus: Case Report
Authors: Emam AbdelNaser Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Rehabilitation of uncontrolled diabetics with impairments due to acquired defects is complex. More significant defects are more challenging to treat than smaller ones, which can often be corrected surgically. When surgical reconstruction is not possible, the preferred treatment method for facial defects is prosthetic reconstruction. An obturator prosthesis is a standard and efficient method for treating such maxillary defects. This case report aims to evaluate patients' satisfaction with uncontrolled diabetes with improved speech, swallowing, and articulation, and achieving acceptable aesthetics after rehabilitation.

This case report details the ultimate obturator prosthesis therapy for an elderly male patient who had a hemimaxillectomy because of squamous cell cancer of the maxillary air sinus. The patient had uncontrolled diabetes and mobility grade 1 of the remaining upper teeth. A gauze coated with Vaseline blocked a significant medial undercut in the defect. The primary, final impression, and jaw relationships were recorded to aid postoperative speech and deglutition. Normal palatal contours were replicated to ensure functional outcomes. The obturator portion was hollowed to reduce its weight and prevent unnecessary strain on the supporting teeth and tissues. The obturator was fabricated using heat-cured acrylic resin to allow future additions in the event of tooth extraction and relining.

A well-made and constructed obturator for diabetic patients can offer high adaptability and functionality. Multidisciplinary planning is essential for effective dental care and functional rehabilitation, and avoiding oroantral communication. This will significantly improve the patient's quality of life.
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Poojari Mayadevi , Madabhavi Irappa , Pol Jaydeep , Desai Sharad
Published: November 2024

Introduction Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm of antigen-presenting cells within the reticuloendothelial system primarily originating in lymph nodes, but in almost one-third of the patients, extranodal sites are involved including oral cavity, tonsil, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, and breast. The thyroid gland is an extremely rare location for FDCS and very few cases are reported in the literature.

Case Report Here, we present a 39-year-old man who presented with a swelling in the neck for 3 months and difficulty in breathing for 15 days. Following left hemi-thyroidectomy, histopathologically and immunohistologically, he was diagnosed as FDCS of thyroid arising in Castleman's disease. He received adjuvant radiation treatment. The patient had favorable prognosis with no evidence of disease for 6 years after treatment till date.

Conclusion The aim of this report was to present the rare site of FDCS arising in the thyroid gland, the vital role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis, and effectiveness of multimodality treatment for favorable prognosis.
High sensitivity rabbit IgG biosensor co-enhanced by tapered noncore fiber and coupling effect between SPR and LSPR
Authors: Zhang Ailing , Li Zhen , Chang Pengxiang , Shi Yanmei , Wang Zhiyang
Published: November 2024

An optical fiber biosensor based on tapered noncore fiber (NCF) and coupling effect between surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance is proposed in this paper. The sensor consists of two multimode fibers and a tapered NCF spliced in the middle. The tapered fiber with a waist diameter of 40 μm is fabricated by flame-heated drawing technology, and then a layer of Au film of 50 nm thickness is deposited on the surface of the taper waist. Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are immobilized on the surface of the Au film by using the rich functional groups of polydopamine (PDA). The sensitivity is improved by reducing the diameter of the NCF and the electric field coupling between the Au film and AuNPs. The refractive index sensitivity of the sensor is increased to 3558 nm/RIU in the detection range of 1.335–1.365, which is about 1.8 times higher than that of Au-NCF sensor without tapering and AuNPs. Goat anti-rabbit IgG was fixed on the sensor surface through the adhesion effect of PDA and used for the specificity detection of rabbit IgG. The sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed biosensor are 1.16 nm/(μg/ml) and 0.017 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed biosensor has low manufacturing cost and high biological sensitivity, which has potential applications in low concentration biomolecular detection and human health monitoring.
Microscopic evaluation of charged domain wall structure in niobium-based piezoceramics
Authors: Urushihara Daisuke , Kobayashi Ryota , Martin Alexander , Asaka Toru , Webber Kyle G. , Kakimoto Ken-ichi
Published: November 2024

In this study, we investigated the charged domain wall structure of lead-free piezoceramics (Na0.55K0.45)NbO3 using multiple microscopy techniques. It was found that the oxygen partial pressure during sintering affected the volatilization of A2O (A = Na, K), whereby the resulting vacancies were found to be related to grain sizes. In the polycrystals sintered under the air atmosphere condition, almost all grains show rapid grain growth and complex domain structures containing striped and indefinite shaped domains as revealed by confocal laser microscope and piezoelectric force microscope images. Transmission electron microscopy showed that a part of these domain structures has charged domain walls due to bending the 180° domain walls. The A-site vacancies, such as Na and K, lead to forming large grains and charged domain wall structures.
Bidirectional bioconvective flow of Casson–micropolar nanofluid due to porous Riga surface with heat generation effects
Authors: Majeed Aaqib , Khan Sami Ullah , Abbas Tasawar , Khan M. Ijaz , Abdullaeva Barno Sayfutdinovna , Ismail Emad A. , Awwad Fuad A.
Published: November 2024

The heat and mass transfer phenomenon due to non-Newtonian nanofluids presents essential applications in various industrial and engineering processes like polymer solutions, manufacturing processes, food processing, pharmaceutical applications, extrusion processes, oil recovery, cooling systems, etc. In order to address the heat and mass transfer phenomenon, the suspension of nanofluids with different non-Newtonian materials has been studied. The objective of the current analysis is to endorse heat and mass transfer prediction due to a Casson–micropolar nanofluid over a bidirectional moving electromagnetic Riga surface. The suspension of micro-organisms is also utilized to predict the significant applications of the bioconvection phenomenon. The investigated analysis is supported with an external heat generation source and activation energy. The enhancement and fluctuation in heat transfer are captured with the addition of thermal radiation impact. The thermal, concentration, and velocity slip effects are utilized to investigate the thermal phenomenon. The shooting algorithm is applied for calculating the numerical simulations. The physical onset behind the variation of parameters is tested and claimed graphically. Current results offer applications in the heat transfer phenomenon, energy systems, solar collectors, manufacturing processes, cooling systems, thermal processes, automotive engineering, etc.
Preparation of PDMS permeation membrane by emulsion dilution method and its separation performance for aromatics
Authors: Wang Meiluan , Ni Fang , Teng Ziling , Ge Zixuan , Liu Qi , Zhu Benwei , Liao Huiyun , Yao Zhong
Published: November 2024

Natural aroma compounds are a kind of important food additive. Taking bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as the surfactant, water-in-n-heptane emulsions were prepared. Then, the emulsions were adopted as the diluter to prepare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pervaporation membranes using the emulsion templating method (ePDMS), of which the separation layer was controlled by the template action of emulsion drops. The ePDMS membranes were utilized to separate aroma compounds. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis revealed that the surface of the ePDMS membrane remained smooth, and white light interferometry confirmed the membrane’s surface smoothness. FESEM cross-sectional analysis exposed the voids left by the evaporation of the emulsion, rendering the separation layer of the ePDMS membrane more porous. Water contact angle measurements demonstrated the hydrophobicity of the ePDMS membrane, which is advantageous for the pervaporation of aromatic compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis confirmed the evaporation and separation of the emulsion, retaining the original chemical properties of the PDMS membrane. In an ethanol–water system, the permeation flux of ethanol in ePDMS membranes prepared with 1 emulsion (Vwater:Vn-heptane = 1:9; mass concentration of AOT of 1.0 mg/ml) is 90.6% higher than that in PDMS membranes, while the separation factor does not change obviously. The separation performance of ePDMS membranes for linalool in water was further studied. Results show that the permeation flux and separation factor of linalool in ePDMS composite membranes at 50 °C are 786 g m−2 h−1 and 17.69, which separately increase by 84.7% and 27.1% compared with those in PDMS membranes. This indicates that adding ethanol exerts a significant synergistic effect on the separation of linalool.
Upscaled permeability for gaseous microflows in porous media with arbitrary multiscale heterogeneities
Authors: Zuo Hong , Deng Shouchun , Li Haibo , Yin Ying , Dong Jiwei , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2024

Hierarchical porous media with multiple separate spatial scales are ubiquitous in substructures, unconventional strata, chemical engineering systems, energy storage, etc. The development of a highly accurate and highly efficient prediction model for gas transport in these multiscale porous media is of great importance for structural optimization design but remains an open research topic. In this study, we conduct a detailed multi-scale analysis of steady-state gas transport in a multiscale microporous matrix using the iterated asymptotic homogenization method. The upscaled permeability models and the governing equations for gas flow in the continuum and slip flow regimes in multiscale porous media with more than three separate spatial scales are derived accordingly. The accuracy and reliability of the developed models are confirmed and verified by the results of high-fidelity direct numerical simulation. The contribution of the first-order auxiliary cell functions to the upscaled permeability of porous media with different configurations is analyzed in detail, which provides a fundamental understanding of how these heterogeneities at each scale affect the macroscopic flow resistance and equivalent permeability. We also analyze the differences between the low-order and high-order multiscale models and the contrast between the gas transport processes in a steady and transient state. This work guides establishing highly efficient prediction models for gaseous microflows in complex porous media with arbitrary multiscale heterogeneities.