bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational achievement and bullying: The mediating role of psychological difficulties
Authors: Murphy Daráine , Leonard Sophie J. , Taylor Laura K. , Santos Flavia H.
Published: May 2022

Background

Bullying has a profound and enduring impact on academic achievement. However, there is a lack of clarity surrounding the specific mechanisms of this relationship.

Aims

This study examined the link between bullying at age 9 and Numeracy/Literacy achievement at age 15 to determine if this relationship is partially or fully explained by psychological difficulties at age 13.

Sample

Secondary data analysis was completed on waves 1, 2 and 3 of child cohort (Cohort’98) of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study, respectively, at 9 years (N = 8568), 13 years (N = 7527) and 15 years of age (N = 6216).

Results

Longitudinal path mediation model was conducted with bullying at age 9 as the predictor, total (emotional and behavioural) difficulties at age 13 as the mediator and Numeracy/Literacy scores at age 15 as outcomes revealing significant indirect effects of bullying on achievement, via psychological difficulties.

Conclusions

We discuss the impact of bullying on the student's psychological well‐being, the relationship between bullying and academic attainment and how this may be tackled to avoid consequences throughout education and later in life.

Educational Impact and Implications

This study emphasizes the need for schools to address the emotional and behavioural difficulties occurring as a result of bullying in order to improve the overall educational experience of a child. Existing interventions can be built upon by focusing on the continuous remediation of such psychological difficulties.
Flexibility in valenced reinforcement learning computations across development
Authors: Nussenbaum Kate , Velez Juan A. , Washington Bradli T. , Hamling Hannah E. , Hartley Catherine A.
Published: May 2022

Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8–25 year‐olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of better‐than‐expected and worse‐than‐expected outcomes when learning from reinforcement. Participants made choices across two contexts: one in which weighting positive outcomes more heavily than negative outcomes led to better performance, and one in which the reverse was true. Reinforcement learning modeling revealed that across age, participants shifted their valence biases in accordance with environmental structure. Exploratory analyses revealed strengthening of context‐dependent flexibility with increasing age.
Bidirectional associations between nightly sleep and daily happiness and negative mood in adolescents
Authors: Kouros Chrystyna D. , Keller Peggy S. , Martín‐Piñón Olivia , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: May 2022

This study examined bidirectional associations between daily happiness and negative mood and subjective and objective sleep measures. Participants were 311 adolescents (Mage = 17.37 years; 51.8% female; 59.2% White/European American, 38.6% Black/African American, 1% Hispanic/Latinx American, 1.4% multi‐racial; 19.3% below poverty line) observed over a 7‐day period (2017–2018) using sleep diaries and actigraphy. Daily negative mood was related to greater subjective sleep/wake problems, and happiness was related to lower subjective sleep/wake problems. Conversely, shorter self‐reported sleep duration was related to higher negative mood the next day. For actigraphy measures, daily negative mood was related to greater sleep duration and efficiency, whereas happiness was related to lower sleep efficiency. Differences in associations based on subjective versus objective sleep measures are discussed.
A review of the evidence for Mohs micrographic surgery. Part 2: basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Brown Alistair C. , Brindley Luke , Hunt William T. N. , Earp Eleanor M. , Veitch David , Mortimer Neil J. , Salmon Paul J. M. , Wernham Aaron
Published: May 2022

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is considered the gold-standard treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) particularly for sites with a high-risk of incomplete excision such as the central face, for tumours with an aggressive growth pattern and consequent unpredictable subclinical extension and for recurrent tumours. However, the process is more time-consuming than for standard excision (SE), and the magnitude of benefit is uncertain. This article aims to provide a more complete picture of current evidence, including a review of cosmetic outcomes, tissue-sparing ability and cost-effectiveness of MMS. Although robust evidence is lacking, there is a large volume of observational data supporting a low recurrence rate after MMS. The risk of incomplete excision and higher recurrence rate of standard excision favours the use of MMS at high-risk sites. There is some low-certainty evidence that MMS results in a smaller defect size compared with SE, and that incomplete excision with SE results in larger defects. Larger defects may affect cosmetic outcome but there is no direct evidence that MMS improves cosmetic outcome compared with SE. There is conflicting evidence regarding the cost of MMS compared with SE, as some studies consider MMS less expensive than SE and others consider it more expensive, which may reflect the healthcare setting. A multicentre 10-year randomized controlled trial comparing MMS and SE in the treatment of high-risk BCC would be desirable, but is unlikely to be feasible or ethical. Collection of robust registry data capturing both MMS and SE outcomes would provide additional long-term outcomes.
Intravenous immunoglobulin in the management and outcome of Stiff‐Person syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Aryal Roshan , Shrestha Suraj , Homagain Sushan , Tiwari Sansar Babu , Ojha Rajeev
Published: May 2022

Background

Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS), a rare immune‐mediated neuromuscular disorder, is characterized by rigidity, stiffness, and intermittent spasms of axial and extremity muscles. Various immunotherapies including intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have been used for this autoimmune condition. Here we aim to review the role of IVIG in the treatment of SPS along with its outcome.

Methods

A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify the relevant published articles against the predefined criteria using suitable keywords combinations till September 20, 2021. Data were extracted to produce descriptive information of SPS patients on demographics, diagnostics, treatment with IVIG, and outcome.

Results

Twelve studies with 216 patients were included in the review and 63.89% of them had classical SPS. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies were present in 72.68% of the patients and 57.89% in whom electromyography (EMG) was performed had continuous motor activity. IVIG therapy was given to 95 patients in different regimens in various studies and varying scoring systems were used to assess the outcome, and 83.16% showed some form of improvement, 14.74% showed no improvement, while 2.10% worsened. None of the included studies mentioned an adverse effect of IVIG in the patients.

Conclusion

IVIG may benefit patients with SPS along with other medications. Owing to the rarity of the disease and insufficient studies on the assessment of immunotherapy in SPS, longitudinal studies with a sizable number of patients are required to clarify clinical course, treatment, and outcome in SPS with the use of IVIG.
Content validity of a psychological e‐health program of self‐control and motivation for adults with excess weight
Authors: Candelaria Martínez Maribel , Franco‐Paredes Karina , Díaz‐Reséndiz Felipe J. , Camacho‐Ruiz Esteban Jaime
Published: May 2022

Excess weight requires multidisciplinary treatment, including psychology in face‐to‐face and e‐health interventions. The need to analyse interventions' content validity has become evident. The objective is to assess content validity of a psychological e‐health program of self‐control and motivation for adults with excess weight. Six health professionals (a nutritionist, a personal trainer, physician and three psychologists) evaluated the content validity of the program. The results showed that the item‐level content validity index (I‐CVI) was 1 (the maximum value) for 11 of the 22 activities that comprise the program. This index fluctuated between 0.83 and 0.85 for the other activities, and the scale‐level content validity index was greater than 0.90 for the four modules. In terms of relevance, effectiveness and appropriateness, 90%, 65% and 60% of the activities, respectively, obtained the maximum possible I‐CVI, while the index was acceptable for the remainder of the activities. This is the first study about content validity of a psychological program for adults with excess weight in Mexico and it supported that the content program was suitable, and it may be used as a part of multidisciplinary treatments. This study also highlights the importance of involving an expert review in the development of intervention programs. This intervention program may be useful in the context of a multidisciplinary intervention; however, it is important to conduct studies to evaluate its efficacy.
Assessing the differences in muscle stiffness measured with shear wave elastography and myotonometer during the menstrual cycle in young women
Authors: Khowailed Iman Akef , Lee Youngjin , Lee Haneul
Published: May 2022

This study assessed the differences in muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles at rest and contraction during ovulation and follicular phase (menstruation) in women with regular menstrual cycle. Thirty‐four young healthy women (mean age 21.3 ± 1.3 years) with regular menstrual cycles participated in this study. Stiffness of the TA and MG muscles at rest and voluntary contraction during ovulation and follicular phase in young women were measured using shear‐wave elastography (SWE) and the handheld myotonometer MyotonPRO. The absolute stiffness difference between resting and contraction was expressed as the stiffness increase rate (SIR). The stiffness of the MG and TA at the resting position was not significantly different between the two phases of the menstrual cycle (p > 0.05). A significantly greater stiffness of both muscles measured using MyotonPRO in the follicular phase than during ovulation was found (p < 0.05), while stiffness measured by SWE showed a difference only in the TA muscle during contraction (p < 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the SIR of both muscles between the two phases (p > 0.05). The results of our study showed a significantly greater stiffness of the MG and TA muscles at the follicular phase than at ovulation during contraction only. As muscle stiffness affects the risk of injury owing to reduced stability during sports activities, these changes in mechanical properties during the menstrual cycle should be noted, and training strategies should be used in female athletes.
The role of T‐tubes and abdominal drains on short‐term outcomes in liver transplantation – A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Kalisvaart Marit , de Jonge Jeroen , Abt Peter , Orloff Susan , Muiesan Paolo , Florman Sander , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Eghtesad Bijan ,   ERAS4OLT.org working group
Published: May 2022

Background

This systematic review and expert panel recommendation aims to answer the question regarding the routine use of T‐tubes or abdominal drains to better manage complications and thereby improve outcomes after liver transplantation.

Methods

Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel to assess the potential risks and benefits of T‐tubes and intra‐abdominal drainage in liver transplantation (CRD42021243036).

Results

Of the 2996 screened records, 33 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 29 (six RCTs) assessed the use of T‐tubes and four regarding surgical drains. Although some studies reported less strictures when using a T‐tube, there was a trend toward more biliary complications with T‐tubes, mainly related to biliary leakage. Due to the small number of studies, there was a paucity of evidence on the effect of abdominal drains with no clear benefit for or against the use of drainage. However, one study investigating the open vs. closed circuit drains found a significantly higher incidence of intra‐abdominal infections when open‐circuit drains were used.

Conclusions

Due to the potential risk of biliary leakage and infections, the routine intraoperative insertion of T‐tubes is not recommended (Level of Evidence moderate ‐ very low; grade of recommendation strong). However, a T‐tube can be considered in cases at risk for biliary stenosis. Due to the scant evidence on abdominal drainage, no change in clinical practice in individual centers is recommended. (Level of Evidence very low; weak recommendation).
Mosaic gene expression analysis of semaphorin–plexin interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans using the IR‐LEGO single‐cell gene induction system
Authors: Suzuki Motoshi , Nukazuka Akira , Kamei Yasuhiro , Yuba Shunsuke , Oda Yoichi , Takagi Shin
Published: May 2022

Genetic mosaic analysis is a powerful means of addressing the sites of gene action in multicellular organisms. In conventional genetic analysis, the generation of desired mosaic patterns is difficult to control due to the randomness of generating the genetic mosaic which often renders the analysis laborious and time consuming. The infrared laser–evoked gene operator (IR‐LEGO) microscope system facilitates genetic mosaic analysis by enabling gene induction in targeted single cells in a living organism. However, the level of gene induction is not controllable due to the usage of a heat‐shock promoter. Here, we applied IR‐LEGO to examine the cell–cell interactions mediated by semaphoring–plexin signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans by inducing wild‐type semaphorin/plexin in single cells within the population of mutant cells lacking the relevant proteins. We found that the cell contact–dependent termination of the extension of vulval precursor cells is elicited by the forward signaling mediated by the semaphorin receptor, PLX‐1, but not by the reverse signaling via the transmembrane semaphorin, SMP‐1. By utilizing Cre/loxP recombination coupled with the IR‐LEGO system to induce SMP‐1 at a physiological level, we found that SMP‐1 interacts with PLX‐1 only in trans upon contact between vulval precursor cells. In contrast, when overexpressed, SMP‐1 exhibits the ability to cis‐interact with PLX‐1 on a single cell. These results indicate that mosaic analysis with IR‐LEGO, especially when combined with an in vivo recombination system, efficiently complements conventional methods.
No‐take marine protected areas enhance the benefits of kelp‐forest restoration for fish but not fisheries
Authors: Hopf Jess K. , Caselle Jennifer E. , White J. Wilson
Published: May 2022

Kelp habitat restoration is gaining traction as a management action to support recovery in areas affected by severe disturbances, thereby ensuring the sustainability of ecosystem services. Knowing when and where to restore is a major question. Using a single‐species population model, we consider how restoring inside marine protected areas (MPAs) might benefit coastal fish populations and fisheries. We found that MPAs can greatly enhance the population benefits of restoration but at a small cost to fishery yields. Generally, restoring inside MPAs had a better overall gains‐loss outcome, especially if the system is under high fishing pressure or severe habitat loss. However, restoring outside became preferable when predatory fish indirectly benefit kelp habitats. In either case, successful restoration actions may be difficult to detect in time‐series data due to complex transient dynamics. We provide context for setting management goals and social expectations for the ecosystem service implications of restoration in MPAs.
A melting cryosphere constrains fish growth by synchronizing the seasonal phenology of river food webs
Authors: Bellmore J. Ryan , Fellman Jason B. , Hood Eran , Dunkle Matthew R. , Edwards Richard T.
Published: May 2022

Mountain watersheds often contain a mosaic of glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams that have distinct hydrologic, temperature, and biogeochemical regimes. However, as glaciers diminish and precipitation shifts from snow to rain, the physical and chemical characteristics that make glacial or snowmelt streams distinct from rain‐fed streams will fade. Among the unforeseen consequences of this hydrologic homogenization could be the loss of unique food webs that sustain aquatic consumers. To explore the impacts of a melting cryosphere on stream food webs, we parameterized an aquatic food web model with empirical physicochemical data from glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams in southeast Alaska and used the model to simulate the seasonal biomass dynamics of aquatic primary producers and consumers and the growth of juvenile salmon. Model results suggest that glacier‐, snow‐, and rain‐fed streams exhibit seasonal asynchronies in the timing of biofilm and aquatic invertebrate abundance. Although warmer rain‐fed streams were more productive during the summer (June through September), colder glacial and snowmelt streams provided enhanced foraging and growth opportunities throughout the remainder of the year. For juvenile salmon that can track peaks in resource abundance within river networks, the loss of meltwater streams strongly constrained modeled growth opportunities by removing spatially and temporally distinct foraging habitats within a watershed. These findings suggest that climate change induced homogenization of high latitude river networks may result in the loss of unique food web dynamics, which could diminish the capacity of watersheds to sustain mobile consumers.
Human activities have reduced plant diversity in eastern China over the last two millennia
Authors: Cao Xianyong , Tian Fang , Herzschuh Ulrike , Ni Jian , Xu Qinghai , Li Wenjia , Zhang Yanrong , Luo Mingyu , Chen Fahu
Published: May 2022

Understanding the history and regional singularities of human impact on vegetation is key to developing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. In this study, fossil and modern pollen datasets from China are employed to investigate temporal changes in pollen composition, analogue quality, and pollen diversity during the Holocene. Anthropogenic disturbance and vegetation's responses are also assessed. Results reveal that pollen assemblages from non‐forest communities fail to provide evidence of human impact for the western part of China (annual precipitation less than 400 mm and/or elevation more than 3000 m.a.s.l.), as inferred from the stable quality of modern analogues, principal components, and diversity of species and communities throughout the Holocene. For the eastern part of China, the proportion of fossil pollen spectra with good modern analogues increases from ca. 50% to ca. 80% during the last 2 millennia, indicating an enhanced intensity of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation. This disturbance has caused the pollen spectra to become taxonomically less diverse over space (reduced abundances of arboreal taxa and increased abundances of herbaceous taxa), highlighting a reduced south–north differentiation and divergence from past vegetation between regions in the eastern part of China. We recommend that care is taken in eastern China when basing the development of ecosystem management strategies on vegetation changes in the region during the last 2000 years, since humans have significantly disturbed the vegetation during this period.
Chemical profiling of Punica granatum peels from Jordan using LC–MS/MS and study on their biological activities
Authors: Altarawneh Rakan M. , Al‐Jaafreh Ahmad M. , Qaralleh Haitham , Al‐Qaralleh Omar S.
Published: May 2022

A paucity of local information concerning the chemical profiles and biological activities of extracts obtained from less‐studied P. granatum peel of Jordanian origin was considered in this study for the first time. Fractionation of the crude ethanol extracts was performed because of their higher phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the water and acetone extracts. The chemical compositions of the respective samples, that is, extracts/fractions were identified by LC–MS/MS, and the elemental content of the raw materials was also analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions were evaluated against DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and the antibacterial activities were investigated by disc diffusion method and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The LC–MS/MS results correlated strongly with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, where ethanol displayed higher efficacy for extracting bioactive ingredients. Overall, a total of 19 phenolics were detected in the ethanolic peel extract of P. granatum. All of the analysed extracts showed strong antioxidant activities. Fractionation of ethanolic extracts resulted in fractions with almost similar chemical LC–MS/MS profiles, but the relative proportion of constituents was different. All fractions showed lower intensities of antioxidant capacities than crude extracts, highlighting the superiority of some components, either individually or combined, as well as their relative proportion on the biological activity of each fraction. The results of the present study emphasise the need to further explore the effect of putative interactions among plant bioactive ingredients and focus on possible interactions with drugs along with foods.
NKG2A‐checkpoint inhibition and its blockade critically depends on peptides presented by its ligand HLA‐E
Authors: Battin Claire , Kaufmann Gabriel , Leitner Judith , Tobias Joshua , Wiedermann Ursula , Rölle Alexander , Meyer Marten , Momburg Frank , Steinberger Peter
Published: May 2022

NKG2A has emerged as a new immunotherapy target and its blockade with the novel immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monalizumab can boost both NK cell and CD8+ T cell responses. NKG2A forms heterodimers with CD94 and binds to the human non‐classical MHC class I molecule HLA‐E. HLA‐E forms complexes with a limited set of peptides mainly derived from the leader sequences of the classical MHC class I molecules (HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C) and the non‐classical class I paralogue HLA‐G, and it is well established that the interaction between CD94/NKG2x receptors and its ligand HLA‐E is peptide‐sensitive. Here, we have evaluated peptide dependence of NKG2A‐mediated inhibition and the efficiency of interference by monalizumab in a transcriptional T cell reporter system. NKG2A inhibition was mediated by cell‐expressed HLA‐E molecules stably presenting disulfate‐trapped peptide ligands. We show that different HLA‐class I leader peptides mediate varying levels of inhibition. We have used NKG2A/NKG2C chimeric receptors to map the binding site of NKG2A and NKG2C blocking antibodies. Furthermore, we determined the functional EC50 values of blocking NKG2A antibodies and show that they greatly depend on the HLA‐leader peptide presented by HLA‐E. Monalizumab was less effective in augmenting NK cell‐mediated killing of target cells displaying HLA‐G peptide on HLA‐E, than cells expressing HLA‐E complexed with HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C peptides. Our results indicate that peptides displayed by HLA‐E molecules on tumour cells might influence the effectivity of NKG2A‐ICI therapy and potentially suggest novel approaches for patient stratification, for example, based on tumoral HLA‐G levels.
Antimicrobial resistance—Do we share more than companionship with our dogs?
Authors: Røken Mari , Forfang Kristin , Wasteson Yngvild , Haaland Anita Haug , Eiken Hans Geir , Hagen Snorre B. , Bjelland Ane Mohn
Published: May 2022

Aims

To investigate and compare antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in faeces from cohabiting dogs and owners.

Methods and Results

DNA from faecal samples from 35 dogs and 35 owners was screened for the presence of 34 clinically relevant ARGs using high throughput qPCR. In total, 24 and 25 different ARGs were present in the dog and owner groups, respectively. The households had a mean of 9.9 ARGs present, with dogs and owners sharing on average 3.3 ARGs. ARGs were shared significantly more in households with dogs over 6 years old (3.5, interquartile range 2.75–5.0) than in households with younger dogs (2.5, interquartile range 2.0–3.0) (p = 0.02). Dogs possessed significantly more mecA and aminoglycoside resistance genes than owners.

Conclusions

Dogs and owners can act as reservoirs for a broad range of ARGs belonging to several antimicrobial resistance classes. A modest proportion of the same resistance genes were present in both dogs and owners simultaneously, indicating that ARG transmission between the dog and human gut is of minor concern in the absence of antimicrobial selection.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study provides insight into the common dog and human gut resistomes, contributing to an improved knowledge base in risk assessments regarding ARG transmission between dogs and humans.
Olfactory behavioural and neural responses of planktivorous lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to prey odours
Authors: Konishi Junnosuke , Abe Takashi , Ogihara Atsushi , Adachi Daisuke , Denboh Takashi , Kudo Hideaki
Published: May 2022

Fish use a variety of sensory systems when foraging. Salmonids are generally considered visual feeders. However, some species feed on zooplanktons under dark conditions, suggesting they also detect prey using nonvisual cues. Under experimental conditions, hatchery‐reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been shown to use olfaction when searching for food pellets, but olfactory foraging has not been documented in wild salmonids. In the present study, to examine their behavioural response and neural activity in the olfactory nervous system using c‐fos expression as a neural molecular marker, immature wild‐caught lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a flow‐through aquarium were exposed to zooplanktons (Daphnia spp.) extract including zooplanktons odorant and to dimethyl sulfide. The salmon exposed to zooplanktons odour increased their total swimming distance and time, numbers of turns and ascents, and c‐fos expression in the olfactory bulb, suggesting that they can detect zooplanktons extract to locate prey in the laboratory experiments. However, no response was seen in those exposed to dimethyl sulfide. The results of this study suggest that prey odour may serve as a chemosensory cue for wild immature salmonids.
“Playing with the Bull”: Breeding, Blood, and Ritual in Multispecies Ethnography of Peruvian Bullfighting
Authors: Hartigan John , Menaker Alexander
Published: May 2022

Turupukllayis a popular form of bullfighting in Peru that unfolds over several days. Social analysis ofturupukllayhas largely focused on the symbolic dimension of its most sensational form,Yawar Fiesta, in which a condor is affixed to the back of the bull. But regarding these animals merely as symbols results in a limited sense of “play,” particularly given howturupukllayencompasses the bull as a life‐form. Based on fieldwork in Andagua, Peru, we argue that playing with the bull is more extensive:turupukllaycan be seen as playing withtauromaquiabroadly—the art, life, and regulation of Spanish‐style bullfighting. In Andagua,turupukllayplays with the bull through local breeding practices that physically transform it while also engaging in an ongoing burlesque of the formal features intauromaquia. This version ofturupukllayhighlights an ongoing historical dynamic at play in the wide popularity ofcorrida de torosin Peru.
Cold intervention for relieving migraine symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Yun , Chen Chen‐Ju , Wu Szu‐Han , Chen Kee‐Hsin
Published: May 2022

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of the cold intervention on relieving migraine symptoms among adult patients with migraine.

Designs

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non‐RCT studies were performed.

Data Sources

We searched five electronic databases including Cochrane Library and Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL from the date of inception to March 2021.

Review Methods

Research was eligible for the systematic review if they included adult patients with migraine, using cold regimen as intervention, and outcomes measuring the symptom alleviation of migraine. Two researchers independently conducted the searching process and data extraction. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE approach to the main outcomes was used. The PRISMA checklist was used to assure the quality and transparency of report.

Results

Six studies (4 RCTs and 2 non‐RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. The cold interventions on migraine alleviation include a cold‐gel headband, cold‐gel cap, intraoral cooling, skin temperature biofeedback and cold wrap accompanied by massage. Compared to non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had a short‐term effect on reducing migraine pain rated on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at 30 min after intervention (Std. mean difference [SMD] −3.21; 95% CI −5.94, −0.48). Compared to the non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had marginal long‐term effects on relieving migraine pain VAS score (SMD −0.44; 95% CI −0.91, 0.03) and nausea (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −1.17, 0.04) (24 h after intervention). The GRADE indicated that the certainty of evidence was rated from very low to moderate. Insufficient results on the outcomes of nausea and vomiting were discovered for the meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

Cold intervention is an effective regimen to reduce migraine pain instantly. The long‐term effect of cold interventions on migraine is not demonstrated. The effects of cold interventions on nausea and vomiting need more studies to verify.
Successful control of menstrual cycle‐related exacerbation of inflammatory arthritis with GnRH agonist with add‐back therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ueno Akiko , Yoshida Takeshi , Yamamoto Yorito , Hayashi Kazutoshi
Published: May 2022

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may demonstrate fluctuations in arthritis symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle. This is the first case report of successful control of menstrual cycle‐related exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist and add‐back therapy. A 49‐year‐old premenopausal woman experienced recurrent severe arthritis flares despite aggressive immunotherapy. Her arthritis symptoms started 10 days before her menstruation and spontaneously resolved after the initiation of menstruation. We chose a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist with percutaneous estradiol gel to prevent a hypoestrogenic state and a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system to facilitate uterine protection by estrogen. Thereafter, her symptoms significantly improved without experiencing major flares. In addition, she did not demonstrate any menopausal symptoms. This case highlights that rheumatoid arthritis disease activity may be associated with the menstrual cycle, and hormonal therapy may be beneficial as an adjunct therapy for controlling premenstrual exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes in older pregnant women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2022

Background

To assess the independent risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) in Chinese advanced age pregnancy women.

Design

Secondary analysis of international published data.

Materials and Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, and Chinese databases from inception to February 23, 2022 were searched to identify eligible studies. Meta‐analysis was conducted to provide meaningful summative outcomes. The quality evaluation of included study was performed. The analyses were done with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.

Results

Totally, 13 eligible articles were included, among which 3 articles investigated the risk factors, 6 articles studied pregnancy outcomes, and 4 articles examined both risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Chinese older pregnant women with the HDPs had high pooled incidences of abnormal body mass index, maternal education, family history of hypertension, history of chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, irregular delivery inspection, psychosocial factors, and primiparity compared to those without HDPs. The incidence of cesarean delivery, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, fetal asphyxia, fetal distress, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight in Chinese older pregnant women with HPDs were significantly higher than those without HDPs.

Conclusion

This study identified several possible risk factors which promoted the onset of HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women, and HDPs significantly increases risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Further research is needed to take targeted measures to prevent HDPs and explore efficient management methods to minimize the risk of APOs associated with HDPs in Chinese older pregnant women.
Paper chains: tied visas, migration policies, and legal coercion
Authors: NIEZNA MAAYAN
Published: May 2022

‘Tied visa’ regimes are labour migration policies that condition migrants’ visas on employment with a particular employer, thus restricting their access to the labour market. This article considers how, under such regimes, control by the state shapes control by employers, and investigates the resemblance between official migration control policies and private means of control and coercion, amounting to forced labour and trafficking. The discussion includes the theoretical analysis and empirical consideration of a case study: the Israeli tied visa regime, regulating migrant workers and Palestinian workers. The consideration of two groups of non‐citizen workers, subject to different but related regimes, enables a novel analysis of the coercive impact of common labour migration policies, and of the justifications offered for such policies. The Israeli Supreme Court demonstrated some commitment to constitutional principles protecting non‐citizens, but later withdrew from these principles and justified tied visas on the grounds that they serve the perceived public interest.
Smartphone Usage Patterns and Their Physical, Psychological, and Cyber‐Behavioral Predictors Among Adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Oh Sumi , Park Sunhee
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Adolescents are described as digital natives, with smartphones deeply embedded in their lives. However, limited literature on smartphone usage patterns exists. This study examined adolescents' smartphone usage patterns and their physical, psychosocial, and cyber‐behavioral profiles.

METHODS

We used latent profile analysis and a person‐centered approach to investigate 11 items on smartphone use purpose and use time. Participants were 2324 first‐year middle‐school students (aged 13 years) from a nationally representative dataset.

RESULTS

Four distinct profile groups were observed: minimalist users, entertainment users, social users, and multifunctional users. The 4 profiles differed by gender and physical (physical activity and obesity), psychosocial (relationships with their parents, depression, and academic lethargy), and cyber‐behavioral (smartphone use time, computer use time, and cyber delinquency) status.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Our findings have key research and real‐world implications for developmental psychologists and school health providers, specifically for those who work with adolescents, to address concerns regarding adolescents' smartphone use.

CONCLUSIONS

Adolescents use smartphones at varying times and for various purposes. A better understanding of adolescents' smartphone usage and purposes can help parents and school health providers develop and implement interventions.
Is paradoxical sleep setting up innate and acquired complex sensorimotor and adaptive behaviours?: A proposed function based on literature review
Authors: Casaglia Elisa , Luppi Pierre‐Hervé
Published: May 2022

We summarize here the progress in identifying the neuronal network as well as the function of paradoxical sleep and the gaps of knowledge that should be filled in priority. The core system generating paradoxical sleep localized in the brainstem is now well identified, and the next step is to clarify the role of the forebrain in particular that of the hypothalamus including the melanin‐concentrating hormone neurons and of the basolateral amygdala. We discuss these two options, and also the discovery that cortical activation during paradoxical sleep is restricted to a few limbic cortices activated by the lateral supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Such activation nicely supports the findings recently obtained showing that neuronal reactivation occurs during paradoxical sleep in these structures, and induces both memory consolidation of important memory and forgetting of less relevant ones. The question that still remains to be answered is whether paradoxical sleep is playing more crucial roles in processing emotional and procedural than other types of memories. One attractive hypothesis is that paradoxical sleep is responsible for erasing negative emotional memories, and that this function is not properly functioning in depressed patients. On the other hand, the presence of a muscle atonia during paradoxical sleep is in favour of a role in procedural memory as new types of motor behaviours can be tried without harm during the state. In a way, it also fits with the proposed role of paradoxical sleep in setting up the sensorimotor system during development.
Enhancement of Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance and immune responses in Exopalaemon carinicauda by synergistic bacteriostasis of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge and oxytetracycline
Authors: Cao Qing‐guo , Zhang Chun‐yan , Guo Qin , Ren Cheng‐wan , Li Yun‐ting , Adil Farooq Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Natural plant extracts (NPEs) may offer an effective alternative to minimize the consequences caused by antibiotic resistance in the marine industry. In this study, the anti‐Vibrio parahaemolyticus activities of several antibiotics and NPEs alone and in combinations were evaluated. The results indicated that the best combination was the 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) oxytetracycline +1/4 MIC hawthorn extract with fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.50. As a result, the survival rate of Exopalaemon carinicauda challenged by V. parahaemolyticus was improved to 53.3 ± 4.7% (as compared to 23.3 ± 2.3% in control) because of exposure to the combination of oxytetracycline +1/4 MIC hawthorn extract. Furthermore, the combination of upregulated digestive enzyme activities (cellulose, lipase, and pepsin), Toll receptor expressions, and immune parameters (alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme) improved tolerance of E. carinicauda to V. parahaemolyticus infection. The synergistic anti‐V. parahaemolyticus functions may be associated with improved digestibility and immunity of E. carinicauda. Therefore, as a supplementary therapy to inhibit V. parahaemolyticus, the combinations of NPEs + antibiotics will hold better application potential for reducing antibiotic dosage and resistance.
Maize FERONIA‐like receptor genes are involved in the response of multiple disease resistance in maize
Authors: Yu Haiyue , Ruan Hongchun , Xia Xinyao , Chicowski Aline Sartor , Whitham Steven A. , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Guirong , Liu Wende
Published: May 2022

Receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are key modulators of diverse cellular processes such as development and sensing the extracellular environment. FERONIA, a member of the CrRLK1L subfamily, acts as a pleiotropic regulator of plant immune responses, but little is known about how maize FERONIA‐like receptors (FLRs) function in responding to the major foliar diseases of maize such as northern corn leaf blight (NLB), northern corn leaf spot (NLS), anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), and southern corn leaf blight (SLB). Here, we identified three ZmFLR homologous proteins that showed cell membrane localization. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana proved that ZmFLRs were capable of inducing cell death. To investigate the role of ZmFLRs in maize, we used virus‐induced gene silencing to knock down expression of ZmFLR1/2 and ZmFLR3 resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species production induced by flg22 and chitin. The resistance of maize to NLB, NLS, ASR, and SLB was also reduced in the ZmFLRs knockdown maize plants. These results indicate that ZmFLRs are positively involved in broad‐spectrum disease resistance in maize.
Factors predicting organizational commitment of nurses in general hospitals: A descriptive‐predictive study
Authors: Mon Ei Ei , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Chitpakdee Bunpitcha
Published: May 2022

This descriptive‐predictive, cross‐sectional study aimed to explore organizational commitment and to determine the predictability of years of experience, level of education, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance on each component of organizational commitment. The participants included 234 nurses who were randomly selected from four general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The research instruments included a demographic data form, the Organizational Commitment Scale, the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, and the Work–Life Balance Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that the nurses perceived the three components of organizational commitment at a moderate level. Years of experience, position, perceived organizational support, and work–life balance explained 38.0% of the total variance for affective commitment, 28.3% for continuance commitment, and 35.9% for normative commitment. The findings of this study can inform administrators and policymakers regarding the development of strategies to improve organizational commitment among nurses based on four predictors.
Impact of a resilience and wellbeing program: A longitudinal cohort study of student dietitians
Authors: Ross Lynda J. , Mitchell Lana J. , Williams Emily C. , Lynch Patrick J. , Munro Jonathan P. , Williams Lauren T.
Published: May 2022

In response to growing evidence that student healthcare professionals find professional practicum stressful and that it negatively affects their mental health, a six‐session psychoeducation Resilience and Wellbeing Program was implemented by a professional counselor in Year 3 of the Bachelor of Nutrition and Dietetics at Griffith University, Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions of whether the program improved their ability to cope with practicum stressors. The study used a longitudinal cohort design, with students completing surveys at three time points: before and after the program and after the final practicum. The study was completed with two cohorts of students between 2018 and 2020 (n = 111). Most respondents (95%) found their professional practicum to be stressful or challenging on at least some occasions, mostly due to constantly being assessed (56%), finances (40%), and being away from usual supports (38%). Almost all students rated the program as having some value (99%), with the content about stress and self‐care the most highly rated. Qualitative comments revealed the program helped students to manage stress by prioritizing their personal needs. Students used stress management skills during the practicum to achieve balance in their lives, despite pandemic conditions.
Differential timing of gene expression and recruitment in independent origins of CAM in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Heyduk Karolina , McAssey Edward V. , Leebens‐Mack Jim
Published: May 2022

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis has evolved repeatedly across the plant tree of life, however our understanding of the genetic convergence across independent origins remains hampered by the lack of comparative studies. Here, we explore gene expression profiles in eight species from the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae) encompassing three independent origins of CAM.

Using comparative physiology and transcriptomics, we examined the variable modes of CAM in this subfamily and the changes in gene expression across time of day and between well watered and drought‐stressed treatments. We further assessed gene expression and the molecular evolution of genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), an enzyme required for primary carbon fixation in CAM.

Most time‐of‐day expression profiles are largely conserved across all eight species and suggest that large perturbations to the central clock are not required for CAM evolution. By contrast, transcriptional response to drought is highly lineage specific. Yucca and Beschorneria have CAM‐like expression of PPC2, a copy of PPC that has never been shown to be recruited for CAM in angiosperms.

Together the physiological and transcriptomic comparison of closely related C3 and CAM species reveals similar gene expression profiles, with the notable exception of differential recruitment of carboxylase enzymes for CAM function.
Benefits of choir singing on complex auditory encoding in the aging brain: An ERP study
Authors: Pentikäinen Emmi , Kimppa Lilli , Makkonen Tommi , Putkonen Mikko , Pitkäniemi Anni , Salakka Ilja , Paavilainen Petri , Tervaniemi Mari , Särkämö Teppo
Published: May 2022

Aging is accompanied by difficulties in auditory information processing, especially in more complex sound environments. Choir singing requires efficient processing of multiple sound features and could, therefore, mitigate the detrimental effects of aging on complex auditory encoding. We recorded auditory event‐related potentials during passive listening of sounds in healthy older adult (≥ 60 years) choir singers and nonsinger controls. We conducted a complex oddball condition involving encoding of abstract regularities in combinations of pitch and location features, as well as in two simple oddball conditions, in which only either the pitch or spatial location of the sounds was varied. We analyzed change‐related mismatch negativity (MMN) and obligatory P1 and N1 responses in each condition. In the complex condition, the choir singers showed a larger MMN than the controls, which also correlated with better performance in a verbal fluency test. In the simple pitch and location conditions, the choir singers had smaller N1 responses compared to the control subjects, whereas the MMN responses did not differ between groups. These results suggest that regular choir singing is associated both with more enhanced encoding of complex auditory regularities and more effective adaptation to simple sound features.