bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-short-term wind power forecasting method based on multi-variable joint extraction of spatial-temporal features
Authors: Lei Zhengling , Wang Caiyan , Liu Tao , Wang Fang , Xu Jingxiang , Yao Guoquan
Published: August 2024

Accurate and reliable wind power forecasting is imperative for wind power stations' stable and efficient operation. Information such as wind speed and wind direction in the same wind field has spatial-temporal differences. Considering the spatial-temporal changes in wind fields can improve model prediction accuracy. However, existing methods suffer from limited ability to capture correlation features among variables, information loss in spatial-temporal feature extraction, and neglect short-term temporal features. This paper introduces a novel ultra-short-term wind power forecasting method based on the combination of a deep separable convolutional neural network (DSCNN) and long- and short-term time-series network (LSTNet), incorporating maximum information coefficient (MIC) to realize multi-variable joint extraction of spatial-temporal features. The method utilizes MIC to jointly analyze and process the multi-variate variables before spatial-temporal feature extraction to avoid information redundancy. The spatial features between input variables and wind power are extracted by deep convolution and pointwise convolution in DSCNN. Then, a convolutional neural network and gated recurrent unit in LSTNet are combined to capture long-term and short-term temporal features. In addition, an autoregressive module is employed to accept features extracted by MIC to enhance the model's learning of temporal features. Based on real datasets, the performance of models is validated through comprehensive evaluation experiments such as comparison experiments, ablation experiments, and interval prediction methods. The results show that the proposed method reduces mean absolute error by up to 4.66% and provides more accurate prediction intervals, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Numerical approach for the simulation of flow-induced noise around a structure with complex geometry: High-speed train bogie in a cavity
Authors: He Yuan , Thompson David , Hu Zhiwei
Published: August 2024

The bogie region is a significant source of aerodynamic noise on high-speed trains. Owing to its complex geometry and flow field, numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics are especially challenging. The main challenge is to achieve a grid with adequate resolution, especially in the boundary layer, while ensuring computational affordability. This challenge is addressed here by employing a hybrid grid, integrating a structured hexahedral mesh near solid surfaces with an unstructured polyhedral mesh in the remaining volume. To limit the number of cells in the boundary layer region, the delayed detached eddy simulation method is adopted. Additionally, to achieve a further reduction in the cell count, the Reynolds number of the model is decreased by scaling down the model size and lowering the inflow speed. The hybrid grid generation and numerical settings are guided by validated simulations of flow over cylinders. A grid sensitivity study, conducted with a simplified half-width bogie model, reveals the meshing requirements for the full-width model. Aerodynamic results highlight the rear section of the cavity and bogie as primary noise sources, emphasizing the critical role of the detached shear layer from upstream components. Time-resolved surface pressure data are input into the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation for far-field noise calculation. The results indicate that the sound energy is concentrated below 200 Hz in the full-scale model, with the cavity contributing more than the bogie. This study provides a practical numerical approach for simulating a structure with complex geometry, offering insights for realistic model simulations.
Unveiling charge transport in monolayer and few-layer
CoPS3/metal contact: Insight from C-AFM
Authors: Yan Mouhui , Wang Haotian , Wei Wenqi , Zhu Tianxiang , Cao Guanghui , Zhong Jianxin , Ren Wei
Published: August 2024

Monolayer and few-layer CoPS3 have been successfully synthesized via an Au-assisted exfoliation technique, with their transport properties subsequently investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy. Rectification effects can be observed in CoPS3 nanosheets due to the Schottky junction formation at the Au/CoPS3 interface, especially in configurations comprising two or more layer flakes. The distinct transport properties between monolayer and few-layer samples demonstrate that the charge transport behavior in the vertical direction is associated with the van der Waals gap. The calculated electron affinity for CoPS3 is about 4.84 eV, as revealed by the thermionic emission model. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge base concerning the transport characteristics of ultrathin MPX3, facilitating further exploration of the transport behavior of these materials and their potential applications in novel electronic devices.
Super-Nernstian potentiometric response of InN/InGaN quantum dots by fractional electron transfer
Authors: Deng Rongli , Pan Xingchen , Yang Guanzhao , Lin Haibin , Li Junyong , Nötzel Richard
Published: August 2024

The potentiometric response of InN/InGaN quantum dots (QDs) on Si (111) is experimentally studied and modeled as a function of the In content and morphology of the InGaN layer below the QDs due to the changing N flux in stationary plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. For isolated core–shell InGaN nanowires formed for N-rich growth, sub-Nernstian response with Cl− anions as the test analyte is observed. For compact columnar InGaN layers formed in a very narrow range of N flux at the N-rich to metal-rich growth transition, a maximum super-Nernstian response of 100 mV/decade is achieved, provided the In content is high. With reducing N flux and In content, low super-Nernstian response and finally sub-Nernstian response are re-established for compact planar GaN layers. The maximum super-Nernstian response and the transition to sub-Nernstian response are quantitatively modeled by the quantum partition of electrons inside and outside of the QDs and consequent fractional electron transfer in the artificial chemical reaction of the QDs with the anions.
Kinetic and hydrodynamic post-Newtonian equations in the Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M
Published: August 2024

A kinetic theory for the post-Newtonian Brans–Dicke theory is developed. The Boltzmann equation and the equilibrium Maxwell-Jüttner distribution function are determined from the knowledge of the components of the metric tensor and Christoffel symbols in the post-Newtonian Brans–Dicke theory. The hydrodynamic equations for the mass density, momentum density and mass-energy density are obtained from a transfer equation derived from the Boltzmann equation. The problem of self-gravitating fluid instabilities in the post-Newtonian Brans–Dicke theory is investigated.
Properties of a broadband Gaussian pulse propagating through a Λ-type atomic medium at room temperature
Authors: Wang Yingfan , Jia Zhengmao , You Yu , Chen Bing , Peng Yandong
Published: August 2024

In our study, we conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the propagation behavior of a Gaussian pulse through a four-level Λ-type rubidium atomic medium under room temperature conditions. Our investigation uncovers the presence of two distinct wavepackets within the medium’s transmission signal. The primary wavepacket, linked to electromagnetically induced transparency transmission, serves as the central signal in the study. Characterized by its optical beat signal utilized for fast microwave strength detection, this wavepacket demonstrates notable features such as pronounced normal dispersion and decreased group velocity. Additionally, the emergence of the Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor as the second wavepacket further enriches our understanding of pulse dynamics in the medium. Our simulation findings reveal the potential for the optical precursor to play a dominant role in the transmission signal with the adopted methodology. Furthermore, we identify that experimental parameters like atomic density, vapor cell length, and control field intensity play crucial roles in modulating the time delay of the primary signal and the amplitude of the optical precursor.
Evaluation of five methods for the interpolation of bad leads in the solution of the inverse electrocardiography problem
Authors: Serinagaoglu Dogrusoz Y , Bear L R , Bergquist J A , Rababah A S , Good W , Stoks J , Svehlikova J , van Dam E , Brooks D H , MacLeod R S
Published: August 2024

Objective. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of epicardial potential-based electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) to the removal or interpolation of bad leads. Approach. We utilized experimental data from two distinct centers. Langendorff-perfused pig (n = 2) and dog (n = 2) hearts were suspended in a human torso-shaped tank and paced from the ventricles. Six different bad lead configurations were designed based on clinical experience. Five interpolation methods were applied to estimate the missing data. Zero-order Tikhonov regularization was used to solve the inverse problem for complete data, data with removed bad leads, and interpolated data. We assessed the quality of interpolated ECG signals and ECGI reconstructions using several metrics, comparing the performance of interpolation methods and the impact of bad lead removal versus interpolation on ECGI. Main results. The performance of ECG interpolation strongly correlated with ECGI reconstruction. The hybrid method exhibited the best performance among interpolation techniques, followed closely by the inverse-forward and Kriging methods. Bad leads located over high amplitude/high gradient areas on the torso significantly impacted ECGI reconstructions, even with minor interpolation errors. The choice between removing or interpolating bad leads depends on the location of missing leads and confidence in interpolation performance. If uncertainty exists, removing bad leads is the safer option, particularly when they are positioned in high amplitude/high gradient regions. In instances where interpolation is necessary, the inverse-forward and Kriging methods, which do not require training, are recommended. Significance. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of interpolating versus removing bad leads in the context of ECGI, providing valuable insights into ECGI performance.
Soft modular pipe robot inspired by earthworm for adaptive pipeline internal structure
Authors: Jiang Jing , Zhang Feng , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

The inspection, maintenance, and repair of complex pipelines have motivated the development of soft robots with highly flexible and good adaptability. In this study, inspired by the unique locomotion of earthworms, we developed a type of smart material–driven soft modular pipe robot capable of stable manipulation and performing in unstructured pipe environments, which easily assembles into more complex configurations with multiple modules for practical use. Our prototype robot consists of three soft telescopic modules connected in series with flexible bellows and a tail friction mechanism, where the modules adopt a high-energy density shape memory alloy spring as an actuator. Based on analyzing the peristaltic process of the module inside the pipe, it is ensured that the geometric constraint performance of the braided mesh pipe is reasonably matched with the thermomechanical performance of the SMA spring to realize the alternating conversion of anchoring and releasing. By optimizing the overall robotic structure, it is demonstrated that our robot achieves robust crawling in horizontal, vertical, variable-diameter, and curved pipes, wet pipes with the partial presence of water, and pipes with complex cavities through simple open-loop on/off control.
Superquantization rule for multistability in driven-dissipative quantum systems
Authors: Német Nikolett , Kurkó Árpád , Vukics András , Domokos Péter
Published: August 2024

We present a superquantization rule which indicates the possible robust stationary states of a generic driven-dissipative quantum system. Multistability in a driven cavity mode interacting with a qudit is revealed hence within a simple intuitive picture. The accuracy of the superquantization approach is confirmed by numerical simulations of the underlying quantum model. In the case when the qudit is composed of several two-level emitters coupled homogeneously to the cavity, we demonstrate the robustness of the superquantized steady states to single-emitter decay.
Evolution of fermion resonance in thick brane
Authors: Zhu Chun-Chun , Tan Qin , Zhang Yu-Peng , Liu Yu-Xiao
Published: August 2024

In this work, we investigate the numerical evolution of massive Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of a Dirac field on a thick brane. We deduce the Dirac equation in five-dimensional spacetime, and obtain the time-dependent evolution equation and Schrödinger-like equation of the extra-dimensional component. We use the Dirac KK resonances as the initial data and study the corresponding dynamics. By monitoring the decay law of the left- and right-chiral KK resonances, we compute the corresponding lifetimes and find that there could exist long-lived KK modes on the brane. Especially, for the lightest KK resonance with a large coupling parameter and a large three momentum, it will have an extremely long lifetime.
Stability analysis of static spherical spacetime in extended symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Zeeshan Gul M. , Sharif M. , Arooj Adeeba
Published: August 2024

Our manuscript aims to analyze the viability and stability of anisotropic stellar objects in the modified symmetric teleparallel gravity. A particular model of this extended theory is considered to formulate explicit field equations that govern the interaction between matter and geometry. The configuration of static spherical symmetric structures is examined through the Finch-Skea solution. However, the values of unknown constants in the metric potentials are evaluated by the Darmois junction conditions. For the viability of the proposed stellar objects, physical parameters including density, pressure, anisotropy, mass, energy constraints, compactness function, and redshift are analyzed. Furthermore, the stability of the proposed stellar objects is investigated by the causality condition, Herrera cracking approach, and adiabatic index. Our findings indicate that the proposed stellar objects are viable as well as stable in the presence of correction terms.
Constraints and time evolution in generic f(Riemann) gravity
Authors: Altas Emel , Tekin Bayram
Published: August 2024

We give a detailed canonical analysis of the n-dimensional f(Riemann) gravity, correcting the earlier results in the literature. We also write the field equations in the Fischer–Marsden form which is amenable to identifying the non-stationary energy on a spacelike hypersurface. We give pure R
2 and

R

μ
ν

R

μ
ν

theories as examples.
Frame representation of quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert space
Authors: Cotfas Nicolae
Published: August 2024

There exist many attempts to define a Wigner function for quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert space, each of them coming with its advantages and limitations. The existing finite versions have simple definitions, but they are based only on the existence of a formal analogy with the continuous-variable Wigner function and do not allow an intuitive state analysis. The continuous versions have more complicated definitions, but they are closer to the original Wigner function and allow a visualization of the quantum states. The version based on the concept of tight frame we present is finite, but it has certain properties and applications similar to those of continuous versions. It allows us to present a new graphical representation of qubit states, and to define new parameters concerning them. An important advantage of frame representation follows from the use of redundant information. The values taken by the frame version of Wigner function are not independent. They have to satisfy a large number of mathematical relations, useful in error detection and correction.
Recycling plant nutrients in mixing several organic to serve hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and herbs, enhancing circulatory economy
Authors: Quang N V , Khai N M , Hung N T , Chi V D L , Hang T T M
Published: August 2024

Urine, rich in Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), shows promise as a nutrient solution for cultivation, benefiting both nutrition and waste management. This study focuses on producing plant nutrients from human urine using biochar to absorb urine, soybeans meal residue, biogas waste, and fish heads & bones. These nutrients were evaluated against Vietnamese standards (TCVN). The nutrient solutions were tested on green mustard and Gynostemma pentaphyllum in a hydroponic system. Results indicated that the nutrient solution from desorbed human urine reached a maximum solute concentration of 2343.3 ppm after 15 days, surpassing other materials. Though slightly lower in total nitrogen compared to fish heads & bones (68.2 mg/l vs 69.5 mg/l), urine nutrients had higher total P2O5 and available potassium (171.8 mg/l and 592.5 mg/l, respectively). The urine solution performed comparably to soybeans meal residue and the inorganic Hoagland solution. Green mustard treated with urine solution had the best dry content, vitamin C, and low heavy metals. For Gynostemma pentaphyllum, the urine solution yielded the highest saponins, flavonoids, and minerals. Economic analysis of hydroponic models using urine solution showed significant promise, indicating its viability in hydroponics.
Light pollution by using spatial interpolation in Bui Vien walking street in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors: Tuan Cuong H , Van Thong D , Quang T L , Ngoc Lam N T , Lap Xuan T T , Minh Ha L T , Giang N H , Thu Hien N T , Chau N T P
Published: August 2024

Light pollution is a consequence of urbanization and socio-economic development. Excessive or poor use of artificial outdoor light, from electrical equipment, beacons, billboards, etc. is one of the causes of light pollution and affects people’s health. In the Bui Vien walking street area, where night economic activities take place until dawn, the excessive lighting system has affected surrounding households. The development of remote sensing as well as GIS technology, it has helped people directly and indirectly measure the level of light pollution in the night sky. In this study, we conducted investigations and measurements on roads located around the main Bui Vien street, combined with spatial interpolation method to create a light intensity distribution map. According to research results, households in the surrounding Bui Vien neighbourhood with business activities had higher levels of light pollution than the remaining households. The results of this research are a contribution to people’s awareness of the presence of light pollution and support in the arrangement of light bulbs with moderate lighting intensity in planning and urban design.
Exploring the effects of landscape interventions on outdoor thermal comfort using digital simulation
Authors: Reyes S
Published: August 2024

The assessment of outdoor thermal comfort plays an important role in design decisions and encourages better planning and development of outdoor environments. This study explores the potential effects of landscape interventions on outdoor thermal comfort, testing two thermal comfort indicators on a selected hospitality development. Results are crucial factors to consider as the success of hospitality developments and its outdoor spaces are dependent on how visitors perceive and interact with them. Digital simulations were conducted using Rhinoceros software and the Grasshopper tool to produce heat maps. For the purpose of the study, two sets of simulations were developed to examine changes in the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Incident Radiation of the site – a) buildings alone and b) with landscape elements. As a result, UTCI with landscape intervention decreased by 2°C while Incident Radiation is significantly lower throughout spaces provided with shading elements. Results of UTCI simulations still deliver strong heat stress to occupants, while Incident Radiation has considerably improved with landscape interventions. The provision of shading elements helped lessen solar radiation penetrating the site, thus improving the thermal comfort of users. Wind velocity showed minimal effects on perceived heat based on the UTCI assessment scale. Nonetheless, improvement in the planning and orientation of buildings and strategic provision of demountable sun shading elements in future developments are recommended to allow better air circulation.
Experimental Investigations of stabilization of Black cotton soil
Authors: Abharan H K , Acharya Harish , Manjunatha M
Published: August 2024

The technique of stabilizing soil aids in achieving the qualities of soil that are necessary for building projects. Black cotton soils, sometimes referred to as swelling soils, are those soil types that have a propensity to expand and contract in response to changes in moisture content. By increasing the strength of the black cotton soil, this experimental investigation on stabilizing the soil with a certain amount of granite dust produces positive results. The maximum dry density and reduced potential for shrinkage and swelling are found in the black cotton soil mixed with 5% granite. The greatest results are obtained with 10% of the granite mix with black cotton soil since this experiment shows a significant decrease in the ideal moisture content.
Sodium salt of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid as an effective corrosion inhibition for different heat-treated steel in sulphuric acid medium
Authors: Prabhu P R , Jomy Jilna , Prabhu Deepa
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this work is to use electrochemical and gravimetric techniques to investigate the inhibition of DBSS on the corrosion of heat-treated dual-phase AISI 1040 steel in a 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution at 35 °C. The corrosion studies are performed by potentiodynamic polarization study (PDP), electrochemical impedance study (EIS), and gravimetric method. To confirm the inhibition surface characterization like x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDS analysis are performed. Depending on the phase change of metals due to heat treatment, the corrosion inhibition of the heat-treated metal increased when it was exposed to 0.5 M H2SO4 at 35 °C in the presence of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid sodium salt (DBSS) inhibitor. The highest inhibition efficiency of 63%, 82%, 87%, 43%, and 63% was obtained for AISI 1040 steel at heat treatment conditions of Normalized, Quenched at 700 °C, Quenched at 750 °C, Quenched at 790 °C and Quenched at 900 °C respectively. In the gravimetric and electrochemical study, the IE increases with the increase with the concentration of DBSS unto 75% from gravimetric analysis and 87% from PDP analysis for Quenched at 750 °C and 790 °C respectively. The metal protection is achieved by heat treatment process as well as by using DBSS as inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition on the metal’s surface was confirmed by SEM and XRD. In addition, the adsorption of DBSS on the anodic and cathodic sites of the metal surface was well explained.
Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of Al1050/B2O3+Cu hybrid surface nanocomposite fabricated using friction stir processing
Authors: Pedrammehr Siamak , Sajed Moosa , Pakzad Sajjad , Zare Jond Ahad , Ettefagh Mir Mohammad , Tutunchilar Saman
Published: August 2024

In the realm of advanced materials engineering, the development of hybrid nanocomposites has garnered significant attention due to their superior mechanical properties and potential applications. The primary aim of this research is to develop a surface hybrid nanocomposite using Al1050 aluminium alloy (5 mm thickness) as the base material through friction stir processing. B2O3 nano-powder, averaging 100 nm in size, and Cu micro-powder, averaging 5 μm in size, were incorporated into the aluminium surface in various volume ratios using the Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The processing parameters included a tool rotational speed of 1250 rpm, a feed rate of 50 mm min−1, and a tilt angle of 3°. The number of passes was set at two levels: 1 and 3 passes. The influence of the volume ratio of constituents and the number of passes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting composite was thoroughly explored. The samples underwent tensile tests, microhardness tests, and metallographic examinations using both Optical Microscopy (OM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The composite with 25%-B2O3-75%-Cu composition exhibited the highest stress and hardness values, measuring 139 MPa and 58.14 HV, respectively. The enhanced strength of this sample is attributed to the presence of additives and the resultant grain size.
Teleportation of a qubit using quasi-Bell states
Authors: Aremua Isiaka , Gouba Laure
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we study the exotic Landau problem at the classical level where two conserved quantities are derived. At the quantum level, the corresponding quantum operators of the conserved quantities provide two oscillator representations from which we derive two Boson Fock spaces. Using the normalized coherent states which are the minimum uncertainty states on noncommutative configuration space isomorphic to each of the boson Fock space, we form entangled coherent states which are Bell- like states labeled quasi-Bell states. The effect of non-maximality of a quasi-Bell state based quantum channel is investigated in the context of a teleportation of a qubit.
Performance enhancement of PV array using successive ring adder algorithm based reconfiguration techniques
Authors: Kumar Arjun , Agarwal Ruchi
Published: August 2024

The photovoltaic array’s output is decreased due to increase of mismatch losses (ML) under partial shading condition. Different row currents begin to flow from the PV modules as a result. Therefore, the panels must be reconfigured to minimize the row current differential in order to get the most power possible from the PV panel. This paper suggests Successive Ring Adder Algorithms (SRAA) to minimize the difference of row current. Under various shading patterns, the proposed scheme’s superiority is evaluated and contrasted with series-parallel (SP) and Total-Cross-Tied (TCT) configurations. The numerical outcomes demonstrate the superiority of the suggested algorithm. Additionally, unlike the recently reported reconfiguration techniques, it may be used with both square (9 × 9) and non-square (9 × 6) PV arrays. In comparison to SP and TCT configuration system, the maximum power generation has improved by 4.04% and 9.25%, respectively. In comparison to TCT (30.96%) and SP (37.52%), the ML was obtained with the lowest value i.e. 25.87%. The efficiency for a 9 × 9 PV array is measured at 13.18%, the highest among TCT (12.67%) and SP (12.07%) configurations. For non-squared (9 × 6) PV array arrangement, similar types of enhanced outcomes are produced.
Assessment of process parameters on modified 316L SS surfaces prepared via hybrid powders mixed EDM
Authors: Gul Iqtidar Ahmed , Abdul Rani Ahmad Majdi , Abdul Munir Fudhail Bin , Al-Amin Md
Published: August 2024

This study aims to assess the influence of hybrid powders (hydroxyapatite, manganese, copper, and carbon nanotube) mixed electric discharge machining (EDM) and coating process on 316L stainless steel (SS). An efficiently machined, hydrophilic, thin, and microporous surface is produced using variable discharge energies and powders weighted percentage suspended in the dielectric medium. The research outcome indicates that the hybrid powders mixed-EDM process synthesised a coating that substitutes the base elements with foreign elements of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), copper (Cu), carbon (C), oxygen (O), and manganese (Mn). The surface wettability response of the coating displays a hydrophilic nature with a contact angle of 51.5° and surface energy of 52.9 mJ m−2. The coated surface exhibited a roughness value of 3.201 μm, which is expected to promote osseointegration, and the material removal rate has been enhanced to an optimal value of 100.32 mg/min. The Taguchi design demonstrated that the powder mixing ratio, current intensity, and spark time are the most influential factors in the hybrid powders mixed EDM process. This study determines a novel multiple additives-assisted EDM method to synthesise a coating on 316L SS with potential benefits for biomedical applications.
Design of two-loop FOPID-FOPI controller for inverted cart-pendulum system
Authors: Mondal Arindam , Chakraborty Susmit
Published: August 2024

The inverted cart-pendulum system (ICPS) consists in having a pendulum mounted on a sliding cart, with the pivot point fixed. This real time experiment indeed looks like a rocket and its functionality is akin to a rocket. These are the launchers and the missile guidance and control as well as construction anti-seismic measures also. The control aim in these systems is to maintain the inverted pendulum vertically stable. The system is causal but unstable and, therefore, has no minimum phase. Therefore, the right half plane pole and zero are close to each other. Therefore, the stability of the system can be considered as problematic at some points. Unfortunately, linear time- invariant (LTI) classical controllers are incapable of offering suffient loop robustness for such systems. This paper aims to project a two-loop fractional order controller (2-LFOC) design to stabilize a higher-order nonlinear inverted cart-pendulum system (ICPS). The modeling, linearization, and control of ICPS are demonstrated in this work. The control target is adjusted so that the inverted pendulum stabilizes in its upright state when the cart reaches the required point. To fulfill the control objective, two-loop FOPID-FOPI controllers are proposed, and the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm (LMA) is utilized to tune the controllers. A novel nonlinear integral of time-associated absolute-error (ITAE) based fitness formula considering the settling time and rise time is used to fit the controller parameters for 2-LFOC. A performance comparison with the PID controller in terms of different time domain parameters such as rise_time (T

R
), peak_time (T

P
), settling_time (T

S
), maximum overshoot (OS

M
), maximum undershoot (US

M
) and steady-state error (E

SS
) are investigated. Stability analysis using Riemann surface observation of the system compensated with the proposed controller is presented in this work. The robust behavior of the two-loop FOPID-FOPI controller is verified by the application of disturbances in the system and the Reimann surface observation.
Gestational and postnatal exposure to wildfire smoke and prolonged use of respiratory medications in early life
Authors: Jardel Hanna , Rappazzo Kristen M , Luben Thomas J , Keeler Corinna , Staley Brooke S , Ward-Caviness Cavin K , O’Lenick Cassandra R , Rebuli Meghan E , Xi Yuzhi , Hernandez Michelle , Chelminski Ann , Jaspers Ilona , Rappold Ana G , Dhingra Radhika
Published: August 2024

As wildfire frequency and severity increases, smoke exposures will cause increasingly more adverse respiratory effects. While acute respiratory effects of smoke exposure have been documented in children, longer term sequelae are largely unstudied. Our objective here was to examine the association between gestational and postnatal exposure to wildfire smoke and prolonged use of prescription medication for respiratory conditions in early childhood. Using Merative MarketScan claims data, we created cohorts of term children born in western states between 1 January 2010–31 December 2014 followed for at least three years. Using NOAA Hazard Mapping System data, we determined the average number of days a week that >25% of the population in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was covered by smoke within each exposure period. The exposure periods were defined by trimester and two 12 week postnatal periods. Medication use was based on respiratory indication (upper respiratory, lower respiratory, or any respiratory condition) and categorized into outcomes of prolonged use (⩾30 d use) (PU) and multiple prolonged uses (at least two prolonged uses) (MPU). We used logistic regression models with random intercepts for MSAs adjusted for child sex, birth season, and birth year. Associations differed by exposure period and respiratory outcome, with elevated risk of MPU of lower respiratory medications following exposure in the third trimester and the first 12 postnatal weeks (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98, 1.35; RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05, 1.40, respectively). Exposure in the third trimester was associated with an increase in MPU of any respiratory among males infants only (male RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00, 1.50; female RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.66, 1.31). Through novel use of prescription claims data, this work identifies critical developmental windows in the 3rd trimester and first 12 postnatal weeks during which environmental inhalational disaster events may impact longer-term respiratory health.
A local discontinuous Galerkin method for the Novikov equation
Authors: Tao Qi , Chang Xiang-Ke , Liu Yong , Shu Chi-Wang
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the Novikov equation that contains cubic nonlinear high-order derivatives. Flux correction techniques are used to ensure the stability of the numerical scheme. The

H
1

H^1

-norm stability of the general solution and the error estimate for smooth solutions without using any priori assumptions are presented. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the LDG method for solving the Novikov equation.
The Prime Ministerial Court
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W.
Published: August 2024

Court politics is about who in British Government did what to whom, when, how, why, and with what consequences. The book provides a thorough depiction of the court politics of the Conservative governments of the twenty-first century. It analyses the everyday practice of the dark arts by the British political and administrative elite. It shows that court politics matter because there are personal, electoral, and governmental consequences. It concludes that British government has a new Establishment skilled in knavery. The heart of the book is its account of the courts of David Cameron, Theresa May, and Boris Johnson. For each court, there is a description of its knavery; of the ways in which each practices the black arts. The specific topics include the courtiers; the Prime Minister’s craft; narratives, reshuffles, resignations, and leadership challenges, the political games of barons and parliament, cabinet and executive networks, and the feuds in the court between ministers, advisers, and civil servants. Knavery is everywhere. There is much evidence of betrayal, revenge, lying, scandals, and bullying with such machinations oiled by gossip, humour, alcohol, and leavened with harassment in its several guises. Each chapter has a short case study of the court in action; namely, the education wars, the 2018 election, and the Covid-19 crisis. Each case illustrates the personal, electoral, and governmental consequences of court politics. There are fewer and fewer ‘good chaps’ in government. There are more and more knaves. Decency is in decline. British Government needs ‘rules for rulers’. The book identifies several. Above all, it cautions citizens—beware, here be dragons.
The Possibility of Moral Community
Authors: Lenman James
Published: August 2024

This book defends the claim that there could be a moral community, a community of rational creatures somewhat like ourselves living together in ways informed and regulated by shared normative standards and understandings. These creatures aim to live together in this way and expect each other to conform to that shared aim. Those who fail to do so are deemed to have acted wrongly and held responsible for doing so. This possibility is not dependant on the truth of such large metaphysical claims as robust normative realism and libertarian free will. And even if these large metaphysical claims are false, as it us here supposed they are, moral community remains possible without those who compose it needing to commit any errors, believe any fictions, live any lies, or be subject to any illusions. There is nothing they need to make-believe or to pretend. This possibility is vindicated by developing and defending the view that our normative thought and talk expresses who we are. Or more exactly who we are when we are, by our own lights, at our best. This is something shaped by our history, our nature and the passions in our souls. It is something contingent, certainly, but it is idle to be troubled by that if it is also something we are able to take ownership of and agree to inhabit together as a space of mutual normative expectation and responsibility.
Our Normative Judgements Are All Wrong
Authors: Lenman James
Published: August 2024

Bart Streumer defends a global normative error theory which says all normative judgements are false. He professes not to believe this theory and urges it cannot be believed but thinks honesty demands we should come as close to believing it as we can. But if the theory is true neither honesty nor anything else can demands that we do anything. And if it is false then it is false that we should come as close as we can to believing it. Streumer is at pains to respect what he takes to be central thoughts about the normative but philosophical understanding of a concept may legitimately put some strain our prior beliefs about it. The key thing is whether we can make good sense of our practice with the concept. When we can do so, tolerating a little such strain is a far better theoretical option than taking something as wild as global normative error theory seriously. Streumer’s arguments for rejecting the alternatives to the error theory, and in particular non-reductive naturalism and expressivism, are considered and found nowhere near as telling as they would need to be to warrant his resort to an endorsement of radical normative scepticism, even when that endorsement takes the strangely ambivalent form of Streumer’s professedly non-doxastic dalliance.
Responsibility
Authors: Lenman James
Published: August 2024

A creature sharing with its wider community a stable, confidently held normative outlook and adequately endowed with the capacity for rational self-governance is the sort of creature that it is fair and appropriate to hold responsible for its actions at least most of the time. Such a creature can take ownership of their values and the actions that flow from them, accepting the social contract by which they are to be held accountable for these. This involves a measure of risk but it is a risk it makes sense to accept given a sufficent measure of self-trust. Such a creature can legitimately be considered a responsible agent but it does not have, because nothing could have, the kind of ultimate responsibility some writers imagine we need. It cannot create itself from nothing. But we need do no such thing to be responsible agents. Our actions flow from the contingencies of who we are, normatively speaking. And that in turn flows from load of other stuff that happened long ago. But if we are nonetheless willing to take ownership of who we are then that is not such a big deal. The chapter also addresses the issue of how we can be justified in punishing those who fail to comply with our moral expectations of them and to recognize the reasons we think they have for doing so.
Eleventh Century
Authors: Howard-Johnston James
Published: August 2024

There was a marked revival in cultural activity in the eleventh century, manifest especially in new building and the variegated writings of the intelligentsia. There is clear evidence (numismatic, archaeological, and literary) of demographic and economic growth in town and country. Despite a steady consolidation of aristocratic power (notably the formation of hybrid nexuses of civil and military families), the peasant village proved resilient and peasant smallholdings remained widespread—they are designated the dark matter of the Byzantine countryside, the existence of which explains the fragmented character of large and not so large estates. Defeat and loss of territory in the second half of the century is attributed not to cut-backs on defence expenditure but to the strengths of Normans and Turks, compounded by internal dissension at key moments.
Financial Analysis of Publicly Funded Investment Projects
Authors: Zareena Begum I
Published: August 2024

A critical component of project appraisal is the financial analysis of a project that receives public funding. It aids in figuring out whether the project can support the nation’s economic expansion and is both financially and sustainably viable. This chapter focuses on the requirements for assessing a project’s technical, financial, and economic viability. It also discusses how crucial financial analysis is to comprehending the project’s financial viability. A project’s financial analysis ought to be conducted using an integrated approach that incorporates a comprehensive assessment of each project’s stakeholder, risk, physical, and economic aspects within a single, unified framework or model.
Different concepts of neighborhood safety and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Authors: Beyer Logan , Enthoven Clair A , Groeniger Joost Oude , van Lenthe Frank J , Delaney Scott , Slopen Natalie , Tiemeier Henning
Published: August 2024

Neighborhood safety is defined inconsistently across epidemiologic studies – a conceptual problem that results in incomparable measurements, hampering the design of health interventions. Using child behavior problems (measured via the Child Behavior Checklist) as the outcome of interest, this study directly compared four measures of neighborhood safety: two of experienced safety and two of perceived safety, with each one measured at family and community levels. These included children’s direct experience of harm, parental perceptions, community crime statistics, and community perceptions. In a sample of 3291 ten-year-olds from the Generation R cohort (living in municipal Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2013), all four measures were correlated (χ2 ≥ 9.2, P < 0.002 in pairwise chi-square comparisons), but ultimately identified different levels of risk for behavioral health. Direct experiences of harm, parental perceptions, and community crime statistics were all associated with increased child internalizing behaviors (β = 3.12, β = 2.10, and β = 1.77, respectively), while only experiences of harm and parental perceptions were associated with increased externalizing behaviors (β = 2.75 and β = 1.31, respectively). These results provide novel evidence that the conceptual distinctions underlying different measures of neighborhood safety are meaningful for child mental health and should be considered in intervention design.
Effective and inclusive mentorship in the field of epidemiology
Authors: Charlton Brittany M , Wright Davene R , Driver-Linn Erin , Fox Matthew P , Wise Lauren A
Published: August 2024

Quality mentoring improves outcomes across career stages, including a sense of belonging, persistence, and productivity. However, the status quo in mentorship culture—including in epidemiology—is an ad hoc approach. This pervasive culture adversely affects individual mentees and the entire scientific research enterprise. Public health disciplines such as epidemiology bear a distinct responsibility to foster an inclusive mentorship culture, ensuring the next generation is equipped not only with methodological expertise but also with a commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion, and the principles of public health. In this commentary, we outline the primary attributes of effective mentors, core competencies, and the evidence base underlying how mentors can improve their skills with comprehensive training. We call on mentors, as well as institutional leaders, to make personal and structural changes, such as requiring mentor training, implementing evidence-based tools (e.g., individual development plans), and regularly evaluating mentorship quality. Institutional leaders can remove barriers (e.g., costs to enroll in mentor training) and facilitate mentorship in non-monetary ways, for example, by making it a formal part of the promotion process. Mentors and leaders must champion these changes, fortifying not only individual career trajectories but also advancing scientific integrity, inclusivity, and justice within the epidemiologic community.
Ambient air pollution and depressed mood in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (add health) wave 4
Authors: Yu Wuyue , Thurston George , Shao Yongzhao , Zhang Yian , Copeland William E , Stein Cheryl R
Published: August 2024

Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. There is limited understanding of how environmental exposures may contribute to depression etiology. We used wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine associations between low-level ambient air pollution exposure and depressed mood in a generally healthy population of over 10 000 24-32 year olds. Annual mean PM2.5 levels in the 2008-2009 study were close to the current US standard. In fully adjusted quasibinomial logistic regression models, there were no meaningful associations between IQR increases in air pollutant and change in depressed mood status regardless of specific pollutant or moving average lags. In interaction effects models, an IQR increase in lag day 0-30 PM2.5 resulted in 1.20 (95% CI, 1.02-1.41) times higher likelihood of having depressed mood but only for persons with chronic lung disease (interaction P = .04); the association was null for participants without chronic lung disease (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.91-1.05). Our findings suggest that among persons with a lifetime history of chronic lung disease, greater exposure to even low-level PM2.5, PM10, and sulfate may be associated with modest increases in the likelihood of having depressed mood.

This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Impact of oncology pharmacy services on the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shin Yejin , Shin Sangyoon , Ryu Heejeong , Lee Jooyi , Lee Eunkyung Euni
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of oncology services rendered by clinical pharmacists on reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improving overall treatment experiences.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). The incidence and severity of CINV were evaluated as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were patient adherence, patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL), emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and costs.

Results

A total of 12 studies were selected for systematic review, with 8 studies eligible for meta-analysis. We found that clinical pharmacy services contributed to preventing and alleviating CINV as well as improving patient’s medication adherence, treatment satisfaction, and QoL, reducing hospital visits, and achieving cost savings. In the meta-analysis, pharmacists’ interventions were notably effective in reducing the incidence of nausea (odds ratio [OR], 1.917; 95% CI, 1.243-2.955; P = 0.003) and vomiting (OR, 2.491; 95% CI, 1.199-5.177; P = 0.014) during overall treatments periods relative to results in control groups. In addition, the impact of clinical pharmacy services on CINV control was greater during the delayed phase compared to the acute phase.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the important role of clinical pharmacy services in controlling CINV and enhancing the overall treatment experience for patients with cancer. Further studies with standardized pharmacists’ services and outcome measures are needed to validate our findings.