bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Approach to Estimating Costs of Vehicle Parking Services
Authors:   Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Vnukova N.M. , Tokhtamysh T.O. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yagolnitskiy O.A. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hranko K.B. ,   Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The analysis of the state of the vehicle parking system in Ukraine has shown that the organizational, regulatory, and financial conditions of its operation do not meet the needs of road users, user requirements and European practices. Problem Statement. Due to the congestion of the street and road network of large cities of Ukraine by vehicles, there is a need to substantiate and determine zoning indicators to establish the appropriate cost of services for the use of paid parking lots. Purpose. Development of zoning indicators when calculating the cost of services for the use of sites for paid parking of vehicles. Materials and Methods. General and special methods of economic theory, scientific knowledge are used: system, comparative analysis, etc. Results. According to the results of experiments on the load of day platforms for paid parking of vehicles, 3 zones have been identified. Most of the sites fall into Zone I and Zone II because of their load level of more than 60%. The zoning indicators have been developed for the calculation of the cost of services for the use of sites for the payment of parking vehicles. When assessing the priority of the influential factors on the zoning indicator, the scale of relative importance of T. Saati is used. It has been determined that zoning is the main factor influencing the step of adjusting the tariff rate for paid parking of vehicles. The results of the calculations showed that the step of adjusting the tariff should be 0.4. Conclusion. The development can be used in the work of utilities that provide vehicle parking services, in particular, in the preparation and submission of settlement materials and documents for the formation of tariffs for services for the use of daytime parking lots for paid parking.
A crise do pensamento constitucional da Primeira República
Authors: Rosenfield Luis
Published: December 2020

O artigo busca reconstruir e analisar criticamente como se desenrolou a crise do pensamento constitucional da Primeira República no plano da História das Ideias. O objetivo desse estudo é resgatar os debates que tomaram conta da inteligência jurídica brasileira durante a década de 1920, mostrando as diferentes percepções da crise do discurso liberal no Brasil a partir da lente dos seus juristas.
Entrevista com Robert Darnton (Tradução)
Authors: Klever Lucas de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

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Aportes da História Ambiental à História Agrária da Bacia do Prata, primeira metade do século XIX. Uma proposta pedagógico-didática
Authors: Ferro Silvia Lilian
Published: December 2020

Esta comunicação propõe-se, em primeiro lugar, uma revisão de acordo com as contribuições da História Ambiental, para a interpretação clássica dos processos históricos da primeira metade do século XIX na Bacia do Prata, com ênfase nos sistemas sócio agrários e suas relações com o surgimento de formas de organização política que dariam lugar ao processo laborioso e conflitivo de formação dos Estados Nacionais, que se estendeu por grande parte daquele século. As possibilidades e os desafios de acrescentar ao meio ambiente como sujeito histórico, são analisados em um espaço e temporalidade concretos, baseados na centralidade de uma forma típica de produção agrária que é a estância platina, que por muito tempo têm moldado as relações políticas, sociais e culturais das sociedades da região e continuam se projetando no presente, amplamente ressignificadas, compondo identidades territoriais transnacionais. Em segundo lugar, propõe-se uma contextualização institucional e pedagógica de tais desafios, com base na experiência no ensino da Disciplina de História Rural e Agrária da América Latina no Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino da História e da América Latina da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-americana (UNILA), Brasil. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise de discurso de fontes primárias, verifica-se que a “ambientalização” desses subcampos epistemológicos ainda é uma possibilidade a ser desenvolvida, com relação aos temas e período aqui considerados, mas com grande potencial para renovar e autonomizar as premissas teórico-metodológicas das disciplinas envolvidas.
Os impactos socioambientais e suas ameaças ao modo de vida das comunidades tradicionais de fundo de pasto na Bahia
Authors: Dias Simone Conceição Soares
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar os impactos socioambientais empreendidos por diversos projetos de modernização e de expropriação das terras de uso comum das comunidades tradicionais de fundo de pasto no estado da Bahia. O fundo de pasto, assim autodenominado por seus ocupantes, tem o seu modo de vida pautado no uso comunitário da terra, com a ausência de cercas, para criação extensiva de animais e para o extrativismo de frutas, essas por sua vez, são consumidas e comercializadas por esses moradores. Essas áreas estão localizadas, sobretudo, no bioma caatinga, tendo a sua maior concentração nas regiões Norte e Nordeste da Bahia e, de modo geral, enfrentam diversos problemas referentes à garantia da posse da terra, que remontam à Lei de Terras de 1850 e a diversas legislações posteriores, que não ampararam o seu modo de utilização comunitária da terra. Além da ausência de cercas, também praticam a preservação ambiental, uma vez que não utilizam o desmatamento, nem a caça predatória. A partir da década de 1970, essas comunidades vêm enfrentando uma série de conflitos motivados principalmente, pela incursão da grilagem em suas terras objetivando a concentração fundiária e a implantação de projetos modernizantes, como a construção de grandes barragens, a implantação de parques eólicos e de mineradoras, que têm causado impactos diversos no cotidiano dessas comunidades.
Usefulness of Doppler sonography in aesthetic medicine
Authors:   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Jaguś Dominka , Skrzypek Ewa ,   Department of History of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Migda Bartosz ,   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Woźniak Witold ,   First Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Mlosek Robert Krzysztof ,   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In recent years, ultrasonography has been used in an increasing number of fields, such as dermatology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetology. For skin imaging, research has shown the usefulness of both classic scanners equipped with linear transducers, and high-frequency scanners with mechanical transducers. An increasing number of reports indicating high usefulness of Doppler sonography have been published recently. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of high-frequency Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of vascular complications after aesthetic procedures using tissue fillers. Materials and methods: A total of 12 women aged 19–48 years (mean age 36.08 years) who had undergone hyaluronic acid treatment were included in the study group. Ultrasound scans were performed using standard ultrasound scanners, i.e. Philips Epiq 5 with a linear transducer and Samsung RS85 with linear transducers and Doppler Microflow Imaging option. Ultrasound scans were performed to assess the presence of blood flow using Color Power Doppler (CPA). Pulsed- Wave Doppler was used only for arteries. If no blood flow was recorded with Color Power Doppler, Microflow Imaging was used. Results: Doppler ultrasound showed normal blood flow despite reported symptoms in 3 cases. Vascular stenosis was found in 2 patients. In the other 7 patients, Doppler ultrasound showed no blood flow at the sites where complications developed. Conclusions: Skin ultrasound with Doppler options is a useful tool in the diagnosis of aesthetic medicine complications.
The efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound-guided injection lipolysis in reducing fat deposits located on the inside of the knees
Authors:   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Mlosek Robert Krzysztof , Skrzypek Ewa ,   Department of History of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Migda Bartosz ,   Ultrasound Diagnostic Department Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Migda Michał ,   Clinical Unit of Obstetrics, Women’s Disease and Gynecological Oncology, United District Hospital, Collegium Medicum University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Torun, Poland, Woźniak Witold ,   First Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Many women consider local fat deposits unacceptable for aesthetic reasons as they have negative impact on appearance and thus, contribute to reduced self-esteem. Injection lipolysis (intralipotherapy) may be an alternative for conventional liposuction in reducing fat deposits. Aim: The aim of this paper was to assess the efficacy of high-frequency ultrasound-guided injection of deoxycholic acid (intralipotherapy) to remove fat deposits on the inner side of knees. Materials and methods: The procedure was performed in 7 women (14 inner sides of knees). The formulation was administered under high-frequency ultrasound guidance. The procedure was performed twice at 4-week intervals in each patient. Highfrequency ultrasound guidance was used to monitor such parameters as the thickness of the dermis (DermaMed, Dramiński S.A.) or the subcutaneous tissue (Philips Epiq 5, USA). Ultrasound was performed both before and after treatment. Additionally, anthropometric measurements were taken, a questionnaire was performed, and a photographic documentation was recorded. Results: Reduction in knee circumference and subcutaneous tissue occurred in 71.42% of patients. Conclusions: Intralipolysis with deoxycholic acid formulation is an effective method for reducing fat deposits on the inner part of the knees. Ultrasonography proved to be a useful method to monitor the procedure (correct administration of the preparation) and to assess treatment outcomes. A small sample size was a limitation of our study; therefore further studies are needed.
Elasticity of the coracohumeral ligament in patients with frozen shoulder following rotator interval injection: a case series
Authors:   Radiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK, McKean David , Chung Siok Li ,   Radiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK, Naudé Rebecca te Water ,   Radiology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, McElroy Bernard ,   Orthopaedic Department, Chiltern Hospital, Great Missenden, UK, Baxter Jonathan ,   Orthopaedic Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK, Pendse Aniruddha ,   Orthopaedic Department, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK, Papanikitas Joseph ,   Radiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK, Teh James ,   Radiology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, Hughes Richard ,   Radiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study: To evaluate changes in the elasticity of the coracohumeral ligament in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder treated with ultrasound-guided rotator interval injections. Methods: Shear wave elastography was used to evaluate elasticity of the coracohumeral ligament in symptomatic and asymptomatic shoulders in the shoulder-neutral position and 30° external rotation. A total of 24 shoulders were assessed. Symptomatic shoulders were treated with targeted steroid injection via the rotator interval and manipulation under local anaesthetic block. Follow-up assessment of the elasticity of the coracohumeral ligament was obtained at 10 weeks post-injection. Results: In all subjects, the coracohumeral ligament elastic modulus was larger at 30° external rotation than in the neutral position. In patients with adhesive capsulitis, the coracohumeral ligament thickness and elastic modulus was significantly greater in the symptomatic shoulder in the neutral position and 30° ER. Treated patients had an excellent response with improved Oxford Shoulder Score and reduced visual analogue scale pain scores. Median Oxford Shoulder Score was 13.5 pre-injection and 34 at 10 weeks postinjection. Median visual analogue scale pain scores measured 8.5 pre-injection, 3.5 at 1 day, 2 at 1 week, and 2.5 at 10 weeks. Improved Oxford Shoulder Score and visual analogue scale pain score was associated with a trend to normalisation of the elastic modus of the coracohumeral ligament. Conclusion: In patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, shear wave elastography demonstrated the coracohumeral ligament is stiffer in the symptomatic shoulder than in the unaffected shoulder. Treatment with the ultrasound-guided rotator interval injection is associated with improved Oxford Shoulder Score, reduced visual analogue scale pain scores, and reduced stiffness in the coracohumeral ligament.
Evaluation of the snowing-like ultrasonographic features of intraosseous jaw pathologies
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir-Turkey, Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Yılmaz Ahmet Berhan ,   Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum-Turkey, Kaplan Fatma Akkoca ,   Research Assistant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir-Turkey, Bilgir Elif ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir-Turkey, Orhan Kaan ,   Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara-Turkey
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study: Ultrasonographic examination of intraosseous jaw pathologies may reveal interesting incidental, mobile hyperechoic particles (“snowflakes”) in anechoic areas. Purpose of this study is to explain and discuss this snowing-like ultrasonographic feature of intraosseous jaw pathologies. Material and methods: This study included 113 patients admitted to our clinic for examination: 43 (38.05%) males and 70 (61.9%) females with a mean age of 34.9 ± 17.2 years (range: 6–72 years). A total of 120 intraosseous lesions were evaluated prior to surgery using ultrasonography; these included non-neoplastic, odontogenic, and non-odontogenic lesions. Results: In total, 5 (4.1%) of the 120 lesions exhibited snowing-like feature on ultrasonography, including 2 (1.6% of total) of 3 incisive canal cysts, 2 (1.6% of total) of 7 dentigerous cysts, and 1 (0.8% of total) of 19 odontogenic keratocysts. Conclusions: Snowflakes evident on ultrasonography of intraosseous jaw lesions may be specific to certain pathologies. Future studies correlating radiologic and pathologic features of intraosseous jaw lesions should focus on ultrasonographic snowing-like appearance in different types of lesions and explore why they occur.
Ultrasonography, MRI and classic radiography of skin and MSK involvement in juvenile scleroderma
Authors:   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland, Idzior Marta , Sotniczuk Maria ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland, Michalski Emil ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland, Gietka Piotr ,   Clinic of Pediatrics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland, Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona ,   Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
Published: December 2020

Scleroderma is a rare, autoimmune, chronic condition that affects the connective tissue by excessive collagen production. If diagnosed before the age of 16, it is referred to as juvenile scleroderma. There are two major types of the condition: localized and generalized scleroderma. Localized scleroderma has a much higher incidence than the generalized type which is extremely rare among children and affects mostly adults. In either case, imaging can prove to be useful in both the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. In this article, we aim to review the imaging findings that can be present in juvenile scleroderma, focusing on ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and classic radiography. Ultrasound provides high-resolution images in real-time dynamic examination. With high-frequency transducers, it may provide a considerable input into the imaging of skin and musculoskeletal involvement. Several findings might be present when using B-mode or Doppler modalities such as thickening and hypervascularization of the cutis and subcutaneous tissue, synovitis and tenosynovitis, as well as small calcifications. Magnetic resonance imaging is also useful to evaluate inflammatory skin infiltration or skin atrophy, as well as deeply located structures, including fasciae, muscles and joints that might not be seen on ultrasonography. This modality is, however, expensive and time-consuming, and might require sedition in children. Classic radiology can show soft tissue calcifications, acroosteolysis, contractures, and subluxations. Computed tomography, which requires a high dose of radiation, is generally avoided in children, except in very specific cases.
Diatrypella heveae Senwanna, Phookamsak & K.D. Hyde (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales): a new record for the Neotropics
Authors: Araújo Lima dos Santos Maiara , Santos Vitória Nadja , de Oliveira Rafael José Vilela , Luiz Bezerra José
Published: December 2020

During an expedition to the Raso da Catarina Ecological Station, state of Bahia, Brazil, we collected litter samples from Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. containing fungal stroma. The material was morphologically identified as belonging to Diatrypella heveae Senwanna, Phookamsak & K.D. Hyde (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales); its known geographic distribution was then limited to Thailand. Diatrypella heveae was originally described on Hevea brasiliensis L. and Brahea armata S. Watson in the Chiang Rai Province, Wiang Chiang Rung District, Thailand. We report here the first occurrence of D. heveae in the Neotropics, as well as a new host, S. coronata, a palm tree endemic to the Brazilian semiarid region.
Pola Sebaran dan Keanekaragaman Jenis Lamun di Perairan Tanjung Pallette dan Tangkulara, Kabupaten Bone, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Hesty Rombe Katarina , Rosalina Dwi , Jamil Khairul , Surachmat Agus , Imran Ali
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran dan keanekaragaman lamun di perairan Pallette dan Tangkulara. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua bulan, mulai Agustus hingga September 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di dua titik dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Pengambilan data lamun menggunakan metode transek garis dan kuadran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 jenis lamun yang ditemukan di perairan Pallette dan Tangkulara, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halophila sp. Keanekaragaman jenis lamun di perairan Pallette dan Tangkulara masuk dalam kategori rendah. Pola sebaran jenis lamun Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila sp. memiliki nilai pola distribusi yang mengelompok sedangkan untuk Enhalus acoroides pola distribusinya yang seragam.
Efektifitas Penggunaan Jenis Ekstender dan Dosis Madu Berbeda Terhadap Motilitas dan Viabilitas Sperma Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) Setelah Penyimpanan
Authors: Wisudyanti Budi Hastuti Dewi , Riviani Riviani
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan jenis ekstender dan dosis madu berbeda terhadap persentase motilitas dan viabilitas sperma ikan nilem setelah penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan pola 2 x 3 dan 4 ulangan. Faktor jenis ekstender terdiri atas susu kuning telur dan air kelapa, sedangkan Faktor dosis madu yaitu 0%, 3%, 6%, dan 9%. Parameter utama yang diukur adalah motilitas (%) dan viabilitas (detik) sperma. Parameter pendukung meliputi bau, warna, volume, pH dan viskositas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik pada taraf kepercayaan 95% menggunakan analisis variansi (ANOVA). Data menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan yaitu jenis ekstender, dosis madu dan interaksi antar keduanya memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap motilitas dan viabilitas sperma ikan nilem selama penyimpanan.
Assessment of Infection Risk Factors and the Effectiveness of Anti-Epidemic Measures to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 Coronavirus Infection among Employees of the Moscow Aviation Hub Airport
Authors: Orlova Natalia V. , Karseladze Natalia D. , Makhnev Sergey A. , Novikova Elena Y. , Latysheva Yulia L. , Katsyuba Andrey V. , Anischuk Lyubov P. , Suranova Tatyana G. , Bonkalo Tatyana I. , Spiryakina Yana G.
Published: December 2020

Background. The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has reached a pandemic in a few months. Large-scale measures have been taken to prevent the spread of infection, both in Russia and around the world. Analysis of the effectiveness of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 is an urgent task to optimize the measures used to prevent the disease.
Aims to identify infection risk factors, evaluate the effectiveness of the developed and implemented measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection at the airport of the Moscow Aviation Hub.
Material and methods. Developed and implemented measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the territory of the airport complex, which is part of the Moscow Aviation Hub (UIA). An assessment of the incidence among employees was conducted, laboratory testing of airport employees for coronavirus infection COVID-19 was carried out: PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA; Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG.
Conclusions. It was revealed that the complex of the developed measures has proven its effectiveness, made it possible to prevent the spread of infection among airport employees.
Tales of Social Terror: Notes on Argentine Working-Class Literature
Authors: Einarsdóttir Anna Björk
Published: December 2020

This essay takes up the problem of discussing working-class literature in a context marked by the absence of the term within Argentine literary studies. The discussion focuses on Argentine proletarian writer Elías Castelnuovo and his role in shaping how critics approach Argentine proletarian and working-class literature. The following discussion argues for the need to distance new approaches to Argentine working-class literature from the critical account molded throughout the 20th century. Without such distancing, it is difficult – if not impossible – to find proletarian and working-class literature worthy of discussion within Argentine letters. Although the essay looks closely at the case of Argentine national literature, the aim is to contribute to mapping working-class literature across the region and beyond.
Az igazságügyi fogorvosszakértés múltja, jelene és jövője
Authors: Simon Botond
Published: December 2020

Forensic dentistry dates back more than 200 years. Yet Oscar Amoedo, a Cuban-born dentist, is considered the father of forensic dentistry. He emphasized the dentists’ role in humans’ identification and laid down the general principles of dental identification in his dissertation in 1989. Dental experts must have interdisciplinary knowledge to do his or her job. From the teeth development through the type of materials of various restorations and the appearance of specific diseases, he/she has to consider the entire oral cavity. As it happens today, for the last 60-70 years too, the victim’s dentist testified the positive match by the dental identification. Nowadays, there are available plaster models, paper or digital based patient records, x-rays to support forensic dentistry. In the future, digital technology will make identification even faster and more accurate, and based on the patients’ 3D digital models, CBCT images, or palate samples, artificial intelligence (AI) guided computers will be making identifications even without any human assistance.
Nemes Békésy György emlékezete
Authors: Vincze János
Published: December 2020

Békésy arranged his experiments with great care and often sought the opinion of those around him. It indicates a very important personality trait: I think, he was fully aware of the limitations of his knowledge and endeavoured to expand it through community discussions. Like Hungarian personalities who went abroad, he changed his first name to Georg (instead of Hungarian György); he used the noble forename “von” characteristic for German-speaking regions, and this is how he appears in his dissertations. He used his surname in its Hungarian form, having accents on the letters é. In 1961, nobleman Georg von Békésy received the Nobel Prize in Medicine: “for his discoveries of the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the cochlea”. The essence of Békésy’s discovery is the clarification of the energy conversion process in the cochlea. He succeeded in designing devices for measuring all mechanical functions of the hearing organ and transferred them to numerical data. This study concerns the genealogy of Georg von Békésy.
Étkezési szokások a középkorban
Authors: Tóth Vivien
Published: December 2020

There are relatively few written records of medieval eating habits available today. However, archaeological evidence, the examination of plant remains, and of the people’s teeth who lived that time, further stable isotope analysis can help to reconstruct the diet of that era. Most of the ingredients used in the Middle Ages are also available today, but cooking methods were less sophisticated. Back then, only a few methods were known for storing or long-time preserving of food, thus hygienic problems were often emerging. Strict religious rules affected all areas of life, thus eating habits too. Fasting days were commanded week by weeks as red meat was banned to consume or any food of animal origin. There was a big difference in the diets of poorer and richer people. For the poor, even essential food was often not available, or only in very poor quality, and people were often plagued by famine in this era. In contrast, the rich had an ample supply of food and acquired special ingredients imported from other countries. The nobility often arranged lavish feasts while serving strange foods from our contemporary point of view only to dazzle the guests. They also consumed a significant amount of wine, while poorer peasants preferred rather a drinking beer. This may be traced back to the poor quality of drinking water thus alcoholic beverages were considered safer from a hygienic point of view. Adequate nutrient supply depended also significantly on social status but in an overall frame, it can be said that the majority of inhabitants suffered from some form of nutrient deficiency, including the rich too due to unilateral unbalanced diets.
René Descartes fizikája: összefoglalás és értékelés
Authors: Kutrovátz Gábor
Published: December 2020

This study concerns Descartes’ views on the material world, based especially on two of his works, the Traité de la Lumière (a.k.a. Le Monde), and the Principia Philosophiæ. We present an overview of his vortex theory of matter, his laws and concept of motion, his rationalism in science, and his cosmology. We address and assess some popular interpretations and criticisms offered by the secondary literature. Instead of narrowing down the scope on any particular issue, the main goal of this study is to outline briefly an important aspect of Descartes’ work, which to our best knowledge has not been systematically summarized so far in the Hungarian secondary literature.
Die paringspel van polariteite
Authors: Beukes Marthinus
Published: December 2020

In Intieme afwesige (“Intimate absence”, 2009), the Afrikaans poet Cas Vos gives shape to absence in quite an exceptional way. Absence as loss finds its expression through the two icons of love from the Middle Ages, Abelard and Heloise. In this, his fifth collection of poetry, Vos interprets the sadness and pain of these two exiles afresh. The voice given to their son, Astralabe, is a highlight of the volume. Intieme afwesige is an absorbing and well-structured collection in which most of the poems are oriented towards the polarities of loss and intimacy.
Making Ceramic Protective Coatings on Titanium Boride Base by Electric Arc Surfacing with SHS Electrodes in an Argon Atmosphere
Authors:   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Zhidovich A.O. , Stolin A.M. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Bazhin P.M. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Konstantinov A.S. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Chizhikov A.P. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia
Published: December 2020

SHS extruded TiB / 30 wt.% Ti-layered long rods with a length of more than 100 mm and a diameter of 3 mm were made by electric arc surfacing on a titanium substrate in an argon atmosphere. Technological modes of coating deposition (electric arc current, arc speed, argon flow intensity, etc.) have been worked out by the method of electric arc surfacing. The structure and phase composition of the initial surfacing electrode and coating are investigated. It is shown that the deposited coating has a layered structure, its microstructure is represented by titanium diboride and monoboride in a matrix consisting of a solid boron in titanium solution. It was found that the structure and phase composition of the coating are predominantly identical to the structure and phase composition of the used SHS electrodes. The microhardness of the deposited electrode and coating was 1024 and 1420 HV, respectively.
Improving Durability of Electric Motor Bearing Shields Using Combined Technology
Authors:   Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin,  Orel, Russia, Kuznetsov Yu.A. , Kravchenko I.N. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University,  Moscow, Russia, Galinovsky A.L. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, Yakovlev D.D. ,   Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin,  Orel, Russia, Makarov I.D. ,   Orel State Agrarian University named after N.V. Parakhin,  Orel, Russia
Published: December 2020

A combined technology for increasing the durability of bearing holes of electric motor bearing shields made of aluminum alloys is presented. The assessment of the wear resistance of the formed coatings is given.
Analytical and Procedural Decision-Making Models for Process Improvement Projects in Testing Laboratories
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Al-Busaidi S.S.S. , Ponomarev S.V. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article discusses an analytical model used in evaluation effectiveness and relative efficiency indicators of the processes performance in testing laboratories and a procedural model used to support manager in decision-making for implementing process improvement projects in the testing laboratories.
Strategies and Tactics of Academics in the Context of Transition toward the Entrepreneurial University
Authors: Yatluk Lidia
Published: December 2020

A new form of the university has been emerging since the 1980s. Open, closely connected to the state and businesses, and internalizing the market logic of decision making, the university is becoming entrepreneurial. In Russia, changes occur with a certain lag, but present-day Russian universities already feature the new forms of activities characteristic of the global trend, such as patents, academic incubators, science parks, and startups. Formally, Russian universities have already become entrepreneurial, but they still remain traditionally overregulated institutions. In addition to collisions between the traditional logic of academia and the new one of the market that are typical of Western universities, Russia also features conflicts with the logic of bureaucracy.A study based on 30 in-depth interviews with university researchers of virtual and augmented reality and five expert interviews with representatives of other market actors was conducted with a view to find out how everyday practices and strategies of academics change in the context of transition toward the entrepreneurial university. Referring to James C. Scott’s concept of “mētis”, we describe the most widespread situations of conflict between different logics: procuring and allocating lab funding, choosing problems for research and development, launching new education programs, and assigning statuses to institutional departments. Completing our theoretical framework with Robert K. Merton’s anomie theory, we demonstrate possible versions of strategy design and possible reasons for choosing a specific course of action. The strategies of innovation and rebellion manifest themselves most saliently in the laboratories analyzed, while conformity, retreatism and ritualism are expressed mildly and blend into one another. However, regardless of the choices they make, academics still have enough freedom and creativity to avoid being determined completely of partially by any undesired logic.
ECONOMIA CIRCULAR E BIOECONOMIA: UM NOVO CAMINHO PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE?
Authors: De Oliveira Faria Emília , De Azevedo Caldeira Pires Armando
Published: December 2020

Diante do consenso sobre a urgência das questões ambientais e a crescente preocupação sobre a escassez dos recursos naturais, novos modelos de desenvolvimento têm sido propostos. Considerando a contribuição potencial das abordagens de Economia Circular (EC) e Bioeconomia para esse contexto, este estudo buscou responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: como os modelos de EC e Bioeconomia se relacionam na literatura? A partir dessa indagação foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática da literatura com o objetivo de analisar: (i) como as pesquisas abordam essa relação; (ii) quais são as características desses estudos; (iii) quais os aspectos metodológicos mais recorrentes; (iv) quais são as principais iniciativas e programas existentes; e (v) quais são os principais atores. Este estudo permitiu avançar no conhecimento sobre a EC e a Bioeconomia na medida em que os principais resultados demonstraram o aumento do interesse dos pesquisadores na temática, apontaram para a complementaridade das abordagens a partir da rede de palavras-chave gerada, elencaram as principais iniciativas de EC e Bioeconomia que tem sido norteadoras das ações de diversos países e apontaram para a necessidade de maior cooperação entre a comunidade científica, as empresas privadas, o governo e a sociedade para que se estabeleça uma política ambiental eficaz.
UKRAINIANNESS AND THE PROBLEM OF FALSE HISTORICAL MEMORY: FORMULATION OF THE QUESTION
Authors: Hrabovsky Serhiy
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to one of the most important problems of national self-affirmation of Ukrainians in the modern world - the problem of restoration / purification and completion of historical memory. The author shows that the Soviet and current Russian authorities created and constantly developed mechanisms for planting socio-historical mythology with the help of a powerful propaganda machine and repressive apparatus. This mythology replaced real historical memory, putting in its place false historical memory. This was especially true of the so-called "National republics" of the USSR, which were planted not only totalitarian but also colonial social mythology. This mythology is one of the effective tools of Russia's "hybrid war" against Ukraine and against all democracies in the post-Soviet space.
The author outlines the development of theoretical ideas about historical (social) memory during the XX-XXI centuries. The article outlines the main conceptual models of such memory, which were created by Western researchers. A critical analysis of these concepts shows that they do not take into account the consequences of the totalitarian distortion of such memory and in fact equate the impact on historical memory carried out in modern democratic and totalitarian and neo-totalitarian societies. The author points out the need to distinguish between such influences and refers to those Ukrainian thinkers who in the 1960s and 1970s spoke about the specifics of totalitarian propaganda and political practice in the formation of false historical memory.
The conclusion of the article is that it is necessary to displace the socio-historical mythology of classical totalitarianism and its latest Russian forms, deconstruction and destruction of the false historical memory created by all totalitarian regimes of the past and present. The question of effective methods and forms of building and rebuilding historical memory is worth discussing.
BELARUSIAN PROTESTS 2020 IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDYING CONFLICT PROCESSES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Authors: Aheyeu Aliaksandr
Published: December 2020

The article presents in abstract form the results of the initial historical analysis of the Belarusian protests of 2020 in the context of similar processes in the post-Soviet space. The preconditions and reasons for the mass demonstrations are shown: structural problems and the Ukrainian events of 2014 led to the stagnation of the Belarusian economy; confidence in the election results in society declined with each election campaign; the new generation of Belarusians had incomprehensible values, which were preserved and imposed on the society by the authorities. There were also several triggers of protests: the peculiarities of the strategy of the Belarusian leadership in the context of the cavid virus pandemic Kavid19 reduced the authority of the government; and the inconsistency of the official and actual results of the vote, the brutality of the dispersal of the first post-election protests caused mass outrage. Authorities considered and still consider the foreign factor to be the main reason for the protests. Many politicians and experts support the theory of Russian interference in Belarus. Solidarity of Belarusians is a new phenomenon of Belarus in recent history. In many respects it was able to manifest itself thanks to new forms of communication in society and fresh creative forms of activity: a chain of solidarity, walks and marches on avenues and streets, actions in residential areas, etc. The activity of women, pensioners and workers shows a change in their role in the political life of post-Soviet countries. And the support of the protests of other traditional and new professional groups testifies to the nationwide nature of the demonstrations. The lack of obvious socio-economic demands makes it possible to classify the Belarusian protests as political democratic revolutions, which can be conditionally called “Revolutions of Dignity”. The most important result of the Belarusian protests is the discovery of the world of the Belarusian political nation. Despite the polarization and a certain division in society, there is a clear general demand for the sovereignty of Belarus by supporters of S. Tikhanovskaya and A. Lukashenko. Now all political forces will have to reckon with the factor of existence and active participation in the political process of the Belarusian political nation.
HUMAN BEING: METAPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN ESSENCE
Authors: Brodetska Yulia
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the article focuses on the consideration of the essentiality of human nature. We are talking about the foundations of individual development that directly affect the formation of human existence and society. As the above aspects are considered the spiritual nature of the individual and the ethical universals that affect it - spiritual knowledge. It is with the soul that man as a microcosm concentrates in himself all the elements and manifests all the properties of the "great world". And it is the internalization of spiritual knowledge in the human experience that forms virtues - activities that create good in the world. In particular, it is emphasized that the harmony of soul and body, the orderliness of their relationship, is formed directly under the influence of "whole knowledge". This is what reproduces the monolithicity, the integrity of the human personality, ensures its mental and physical health. Conversely, the violation of this balance leads directly to the loss of the vital connection between the spiritual and physiological principles of human nature, causes the destruction, splitting of the individual, his spiritual and physical degradation.
In this regard, it was found that the possibility of harmonious human development is healing, that is "reproduction of the monolithic nature of the spiritual and physiological nature." It is achieved only when the individual conforms to the conditions of the integrity of the higher, transcendent order - the spiritual laws. The latter provide the principles and potential for the development of human coexistence. Thus, the study of the meaning and influence of spiritual knowledge on human life, makes it possible to note that no materialist knowledge aimed at the development of technological and economic progress is able to solve its existential problems. Only the knowledge that satisfies the essential needs of the individual, the aspirations of the soul, which carry values, and the understanding of the very essence of human life are able to restore that natural (in the sense given) state of harmony, health of soul and body.
GENDER MARKERS OF THE SOCIAL TEMPORALITY AS THE DE-CONFLICTICTING FACTORS IN THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY
Authors: Vlasova Olha
Published: December 2020

The analysis of the gender temporality as some measurement of the social time is presented in the article with the accent on the transformation processes which nowadays determine the life of the Ukrainian society. The peculiarities of the philosophical interpretation of the social time phenomenon are under research concerning also the archaic meanings, which are present in the contemporary Ukrainian culture, and are supported by the patriarchal gender stereotypes. The latter is of great significance because those factors have a great impact on the processes of modelling the contemporary gender temporality in the context of conflictology of the Ukrainian society, which is stressed due to the masculine understanding of the “human” life, ideas and experience. Moreover, there are some actors in this problematic field, whose aim is to renovate anti-gender myths and mythologemes, thus creating the grounds for aggravating such kind of conflicts. It is maintained that quite on the contrary, – constructing the relations of gender parity is a true way to the social justice on the whole; and in this way, gender ideologies are factors of deconflictization of the Ukrainian social life. At present gender temporality is a marker of the extention of the egilitarian tendencies in the Ukrainian society. The examples given in the article, show that the gender measurements make determining the types of the conflict-making factors more valid and stipulated. The recent dramatic events in Ukraine connected with the hybrid war in the East of the country and women’s role in that war actions, which is immensely supportive (volunteers etc.), show that the content of the femininity and the masculinity has changed de facto. The situation of the currents 2020 year with the pandemic Covid-19 consequences (economic, social, cultural, etc.) has stricken women greatly. All mentioned above makes it possible to prove that gender temporality as a component of the social time has a direct impact on the development and the consequent solution of the significant conflicts in the social life of Ukraine.
Weichselian sedimentary record and ice-flow patterns in the Sodankylä area, central Finnish Lapland
Authors:   Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Åberg Annika Katarina , Kultti Seija ,   Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Kaakinen Anu ,   Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Eskola Kari O. ,   Laboratory of  Chronology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Salonen Veli-Pekka ,   Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki
Published: December 2020

Three different till units separated by interstadial fluvial deposits were observed in the Sodankylä area in the River Kitinen valley, northern Finland. The interbedded glaciofluvial sediments and palaeosol were dated by OSL to the Early (79±12 to 67±13 ka) and Middle (41±9 ka) Weichselian. A LiDAR DEM, glacial lineations, the flow direction of till fabrics, esker chains and striations were applied to investigate the glacial flow patterns of the Sodankylä, Kittilä and Salla areas. The analysis revealed that the youngest movement of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet is not visible as DEM lineations within the studied areas. The modern morphology in Kittilä and Salla shows streamlined landforms of various dimensions mainly oriented from the NW and NNW, respectively, corresponding to the Early/Middle Weichselian ice-flow directions inferred from till fabrics. The Late Weichselian ice flow has produced an insignificant imprint on the landforms. This study suggests a northern location for the ice-divide zone during the Early/Middle Weichselian, and a more western–southwestern position during the Late Weichselian. The OSL ages of 14±3.3 ka from the aeolian deposits may indicate ice-free areas during the Bølling–Allerod warm period in the vicinity of the River Kitinen.
Del concepto de un "movimiento erudito", componente de la Pre-Ilustración
Authors: Dubuis Michel
Published: December 2020

A partir de fines del siglo XVII se adoptan "erudito" y "erudición" en textos y luego en títulos de publicaciones. Es frecuente su empleo en relación con "crítico" y "crítica" y su asociación con la investigación histórica, pero también se refiere a un rechazo al aristotelismo escolástico. Feijoo es testimonio de la ampliación del sentido de erudición. ¿Puede hablarse de un "movimiento erudito"? Se inspira en Mabillon y Saint-Maur, en historiadores italianos y en Nicolás Antonio, tal vez en Vives. En torno a sus actores parece ir creciendo un público curioso, atento a una historia fundada en documentos de archivo auténticos.