bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Hernioplasty versus Conventional Hernioplasty (Shouldice): Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Lorenz Dietmar , Stark Eberhard , Oestreich Kerstin , Richter Axel
Published: August 2002

The results of our randomized trial of 176 patients comprising primary hernias [Shouldice versus transabdominal preperitoneal approach (TAPP)] showed only slight advantages for the laparoscopically operated group compared to the conventionally operated group: less subjective pain (significant only on fifth postoperative day, p < 0.05), reduced analgesic requirement (significant only on third postoperative day, p < 0.05), significantly shorter duration of hospitalization (4 days vs. 6 days, p < 0.05) and faster return to work (27 days vs. 34 days, NS). Regarding the incidence of recurrences, there was no significant difference between the groups (two recurrences vs. one recurrence) within a follow‐up period of 2 years. Postoperative morbidity was similar and the total cost was less for the TAPP group.
Numerical simulation of fractal interface effect of mining‐caused activation of fault
Authors: Guangming Yu , Jianfeng Zhao , Heping Xie
Published: August 2002

Mining‐caused activation of fault is an important research subject in mining science. In the past, the influences of geometrical morphology of fault surface on the activation have not been revealed. In view of the fractal character of fault surface, the self‐affine fractal curves and geological‐mining models with these kinds of fractal fault surface are constructed in order to numerically simulate the mining‐caused activation phenomenon of fractal fault surface, and the law of influence of fractal fault surface on mining subsidence is studied and summarized. Our study shows that the mining‐cased activation of fault has remarkable fractal interface effect; the mechanical behavior of mining‐caused shearing sliding of fault is correlated with its fractal dimension, and after mining‐caused activation fault surface with different fractal dimensions will result in different stress fields and different displacement fields in the nearby rock mass.
Novel Approaches to Tackling Malarial Drug Resistance Using Yeast
Authors: Sibley Carol Hopkins , MacReadie Ian
Published: August 2002

Yeasts have a justified reputation as one of the world's most versatile organisms. Baker's yeast continues to live up to this recognition by joining the war against malaria. Yeast can now be used to study antifolate drug resistance patterns that depend on the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR) from the malaria parasite.
Inverse conductivity problem for inaccurate measurements
Authors: Cherkaev Elena , Tripp Alan C
Published: August 2002

In order to determine the conductivity of a body or of a region of the Earth using electrical prospecting, currents are injected on the surface, surface voltage responses are measured, and the data are inverted to a conductivity distribution. In the present paper a new approach to the inverse problem is considered for measurements containing noise in which data are optimally chosen using available a priori information at the time of the imaging. For inexact data the eigenvalues of the current-to-voltage boundary mapping show what part of the conductivity function can be confidently restored from the measurements. A special choice of measurements permits simple inversion algorithms reconstructing only this reliable part of the solution, hence reducing the dimension of the inverse problem. The inversion approach is illustrated in application to numerical modelling via a very fast approximate imaging solution.
Mechanism of Multilayer Graphene/Ionic Liquid Synergistic Regulation of Interface State under Current‐Carrying Friction
Authors: Cheng Gangqiang , Li Xiao , Zhang Duo , Lv Baoying , Zhuang Ganghao , Liu Ziyan , Li Qianqian , Mo Youtang , Luo Chaogui , Zhou Ming
Published: January 2024

Herein, improving the conductivity of the lubricant itself is the main idea behind current‐conductive lubricant designs. However, as per previous studies, the interface state has a more dominant influence on the interface conductivity than the conductivity of the lubricant. Therefore, improving the interface state is a more direct and effective way to improve the interface conductivity. In this study, improving the interface state is the primary idea underlying the design of a conductive lubricant. Multilayer graphene/ionic liquid (MG/IL) composites with excellent interfacial adsorption properties are prepared using IL non‐covalently modified graphene. Subsequently, corresponding conductive greases are synthesized using MG, IL, and MG/IL as additives. The lubricating and conductive properties of these greases are characterized by performing current‐carrying friction tests. In the results, it is shown that when MG/IL is used as an additive, the grease exhibits excellent lubricating performance and the lowest average contact resistance. This finding is primarily attributed to the MG and IL in MG/IL acting synergistically to improve the interface state significantly, which decreases the contact resistance and increases the conductivity of the friction interface. In this work, a novel idea is provided for the design of conductive lubricants.
Multifunctional Nanotheranostics for Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Beygi Mohammad , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Azizi‐Arani Soheil , Hosseini Seyed Samad , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Kesharwani Prashant , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: January 2024

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a tailored system of capillary endothelial cells intermixed with tight junctions and adherent junctions that regulates the transport of various materials and substances between the blood vasculature and the central nervous system (CNS). However, in cases of brain diseases, BBB's protective and regulatory effects hamper therapeutics from reaching affected sites in sufficient quantities. This has so far been a leading challenge in treating CNS diseases and disorders. For this problem to be overcome, recent research has sought to develop novel modalities to achieve efficient therapy and alleviate associated symptoms. Therefore, numerous strategies have operated in recent years to address the limitations of traditional and invasive methods, including poor brain penetration and serious side effects. As a desperately in‐demand technology, nanotheranostics has particularly shown promising results. Herein, this review reports recent advancements in CNS nanotheranostics and novel techniques and nanotechnology‐based strategies developed for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The study provides comprehensive data on the subject to be used for future studies for the therapy and management of CNS disorders and diseases.
Self‐Assembled Robust Interfacial Layer for Dendrite‐Free and Flexible Zinc‐Based Energy Storage
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Ren Danyang , Li Yang , Kang Fulian , Li Xu , Peng Xinya , Dong Liubing
Published: January 2024

Aqueous zinc‐based energy storage systems (Zn‐ESSs) with intrinsic safety and good electrochemical performance are promising power suppliers for flexible electronics, whereas unstable zinc anodes especially in flexible Zn‐ESSs pose a challenge. Herein, a self‐assembled robust interfacial layer to achieve stable zinc anodes in non‐flexible and flexible Zn‐ESSs is reported. Specifically, zinc anodes and their slowly‐released Zn2+ simultaneously interact with tannic acid molecules in ethanol–water solutions, triggering the self‐assembly of a tannic acid/Zn2+ complex interfacial layer (CIL) that firmly anchors on the zinc anodes. The CIL containing abundant carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl functional groups provides rich zincophilic sites to homogenize Zn2+ flux and accelerate Zn2+ desolvation‐deposition, and traps H+/H2O species to prevent them from corroding zinc anodes, thereby stabilizing the zinc deposition interface. Consequently, the CIL@Zn anodes present superior stability with an operation lifetime exceeding 700 h even at 5 mA cm−2 (28 times longer than that of bare zinc anodes) and ultrahigh cumulative plated capacity of ≈1.8 Ah cm−2. The firm anchoring of the CIL enables the CIL@Zn anodes to endure diverse deformations, thus realizing highly flexible CIL@Zn anode‐based Zn‐ESSs. This work provides thinking in designing stable and flexible zinc anodes, promoting the development of flexible zinc‐based energy storage.
A Visible Light Cross‐Linked Underwater Hydrogel Adhesive with Biodegradation and Hemostatic Ability
Authors: Liang Min , Wei Dandan , Ren Pengfei , Xu Li , Tao Yinghua , Yang Liuxin , Jiao Guanhua , Zhang Tianzhu , Serizawa Takeshi
Published: January 2024

Hydrogel adhesives with integrated functionalities are still required to match their ever‐expanding practical applications in the field of tissue repair and regeneration. A simple and effective safety strategy is reported, involving an in situ injectable polymer precursor and visible light‐induced cross‐linking. This strategy enables the preparation of a hydrogel adhesive in a physiological environment, offering wet adhesion to tissue surfaces, molecular flexibility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, efficient hemostatic performance, and the ability to facilitate liver injury repair. The proposed one‐step preparation process of this polymer precursor involves the mixing of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), poly(thioctic acid) [P(TA)], poly(acrylic acid)/amorphous calcium phosphate (PAAc/ACP, PA) and FDA‐approved photoinitiator solution, and a subsequent visible light irradiation after in situ injection into target tissues that resulted in a chemically‐physically cross‐linked hybrid hydrogel adhesive. Such a combined strategy shows promise for medical scenarios, such as uncontrollable post‐traumatic bleeding.
NIR‐Light‐Triggered Mild‐Temperature Hyperthermia to Overcome the Cascade Cisplatin Resistance for Improved Resistant Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Mingmao , Fu Yulei , Liu Yan , Zhang Baihe , Song Xiaorong , Chen Xinchun , Zhu Zhengjia , Gao Hang , Yang Jianmin , Shi Xianai
Published: January 2024

Currently, cisplatin resistance has been recognized as a multistep cascade process for its clinical chemotherapy failure. Hitherto, it remains challenging to develop a feasible and promising strategy to overcome the cascade drug resistance (CDR) issue for achieving fundamentally improved chemotherapeutic efficacy. Herein, a novel self‐assembled nanoagent is proposed, which is constructed by Pt(IV) prodrug, cyanine dye (cypate), and gadolinium ion (Gd3+), for systematically conquering the cisplatin resistance by employing near‐infrared (NIR) light activated mild‐temperature hyperthermia in tumor targets. The proposed nanoagents exhibit high photostability, GSH/H+‐responsive dissociation, preferable photothermal conversion, and enhanced cellular uptake performance. In particular, upon 785‐nm NIR light irradiation, the generated mild temperature of ≈ 43 °C overtly improves the cell membrane permeability and drug uptake, accelerates the disruption of intracellular redox balance, and apparently enhances the formation of Pt‐DNA adducts, thereby effectively overcoming the CDR issue and achieves highly improved therapeutic efficacy for cisplatin‐resistant tumor ablation.
Suppressing the Dark Current While Improving the Quantum Efficiency in Shortwave Infrared Organic Photodetectors Through Naphthalenediimide‐Based Interlayer
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Wei , Chen Min‐Hsien , Suthar Gajendra , Hsiao Yu‐Tang , Cheng Lin‐Chieh , Liao Chuang‐Yi , Chen Fang‐Chung , Chu Chih‐Wei , Chang Yi‐Ming
Published: January 2024

The significance of shortwave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors spans across various applications. Nevertheless, the limited spectral response of silicon‐based photodetectors and the high cost associated with materials like germanium (Ge) have impeded the widespread adoption of SWIR sensors, particularly in the realm of consumer electronics. This study explores the transformative impact of incorporating a cross‐linkable naphthalenediimide (c‐NDI) as both an electron transporting layer and a hole blocking layer in organic photodetectors (OPDs). The introduction of c‐NDI as an interlayer leads to substantial enhancements in SWIR OPD performance, particularly in terms of reducing dark current and augmenting external quantum efficiency. These improvements are most notable in ultra‐narrow bandgap SWIR systems, where c‐NDI demonstrates superior hole‐blocking capabilities. Besides, OPDs with c‐NDI interlayers also exhibit exceptional stability over time when compared to OPDs based on zinc oxide interlayer, underscoring c‐NDI‘s versatility as an interlayer. Most importantly, when compared to a commercially available Ge photodetector, c‐NDI‐based OPD demonstrates competitive detectivity, achieving 2.67 × 1011 Jones at a wavelength of 1300 nm. This performance even surpasses that of the Ge photodetector, highlighting the substantial potential of OPDs for SWIR imaging applications.
Ru(II) Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenative Annulation and Spirocyclization of Isoquinolones with N‐Substituted Maleimides
Authors: Seal Kaushik , Banerji Biswadip
Published: January 2024

A Ruthenium(II) catalyzed additive‐free oxidative, dehydrogenative annulation of different malemides on 3,4‐disubstituted isoquinolone to afford fused and spiro‐cyclized isoquinolo‐isoquinolone and isoindolo‐isoquinolone derivatives is reported here. By simply changing solvent and oxidizing agents, under two different conditions, this methodology produced two different poly‐N‐heterocyclized products. Isoquinolone‐NH was strategically used as the internal directing group in the ortho C−H activation using Ru(II) catalyst. Mechanistically dehydrogenative, oxidative C−C followed by C−N cross‐coupling and aza‐michael reaction pathway led to the corresponding fused and spiro‐products respectively. A diversified library of eighty‐one (81) such two products were synthesized by employing this methodology. The fused and the spirocyclized polyheterocyclic compounds absorbed at λmax 240–270 nm range, however only spiro‐compounds produced blue fluorescence at λem 391–450 nm range.
Vanadate‐Based Fibrous Electrode Materials for High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qimeng , Wu Jianping , Wang Mingming , Yu Haizhou , Qiu Xiaoyan , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered as attractive energy storage systems with great promise owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness and high safety. Nevertheless, cathode materials with stable structure and rapid diffusion of zinc ions are in great demand for AZIBs. In this work, a new kind of potassium vanadate compound (KV3O8) is synthesized with fibrous morphology as an excellent cathode material for AZIBs, which shows outstanding electrochemical performance. KV3O8 exhibits a high discharge capacity of 556.4 mAh g−1 at 0.8 A g−1, and the capacity retention is 81.3% at 6 A g−1 even after a long cycle life of 5000 cycles. The excellent performance of the KV3O8 cathode is benefited from the structural stability, sufficient active sites, and high conductivity, which is revealed by in situ X‐ray diffraction and various other characterizations. This work offers a new design strategy into fabricating high efficiency cathode materials for AZIBs and beyond.
Multi‐Facet Passivation of Ternary Colloidal Quantum Dot Enabled by Quadruple‐Ligand Ensemble toward Efficient Lead‐Free Optoelectronics
Authors: Kim Dongeon , Cho Gaeun , Kim Yun Hoo , Kwon Ji Hyun , Oh Yeonwoo , Yang Minjung , Jee Seungin , Lee In Suh , Si Min‐Jae , Jung Yujin , Yang Ho Yeon , Ahn Yongnam , Kim Beom‐Kwan , Kim Changjo , Kim Han Seul , Baek Se‐Woong
Published: January 2024

Solution‐processed ternary‐compound semiconductor AgBiS2 colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising light‐absorbing materials owing to their nontoxicity and high absorption coefficient (>106 cm−1). However, rational strategies to passivate multi‐facet of ternary‐compound CQDs and manufacture stable CQD inks have not yet been proposed. In this paper, a ligand passivation strategy is proposed using a solution‐phase ligand exchange method. A quadruple‐ligand ensemble is employed to demonstrate multifaceted passivation on AgBiS2 CQDs and a highly stable CQD ink. Density functional theory studies reveal the secondary cation adsorption of silver halide passivation, indicating the synergistic passivation of the ligand ensemble. This yields a low trap density in CQD solids, improving the power conversion efficiency to 8.1% by 53% in CQD solar cells. Furthermore, the proposed device exhibits the fastest response time of 400 ns among all reported AgBiS2 devices, demonstrating its potential for efficient lead‐free optoelectronics.
Epitaxial Nucleation of NaxFeFe(CN)6@rGO with Improved Lattice Regularity as Ultrahigh‐Rate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Yun , Wang Lei , Hu Jianwei , Chen Manlin , Zhou Min , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai
Published: January 2024

Although Prussian blue analogues are the promising candidate cathode materials for the Na‐ion batteries for the grid storage due to 3D open‐framework structure and large interstitial “A” sites, high content of defects in the crystals obtained in the conventional strategy severely impede Na+ migration, leading to an unsatisfactory power density. Here a novel epitaxial nucleation‐assisted controlled crystallization approach to eliminate the structural defects of NaFeHCF crystals is reported. Due to their limited lattice misfit of only 4.87% (< 5%) between the graphene and NaFeHCF as well as the electronegativity of the functional groups (─COOH, ─OH, ─CH(O)CH─), GO can act as the nucleation and subsequent epitaxial growth platform of NaFeHCF, which results in a unique one‐corner‐cut cubic nano‐crystals morphologies with much decreased contents of defects (0.08 per formula unit). This enhanced lattice regularity significantly enhanced the speedy diffusion of Na cations (by 5 times) in the nanocrystals, resulting in the unprecedented rate capability of 96.8 mAh g−1 at an ultra‐high rate of 9 A g−1 (39 s, 23228 W kg−1), which is far exceeding that of any previously reported PBA‐based cathodes to the knowledge, authenticating its superiority as a candidate for high‐power sodium‐ion batteries for the reliable grid energy storage.
3D Printed Sodium‐Ion Batteries via Ternary Anode Design Affording Hybrid Ion Storage Mechanism
Authors: He Zeyu , Han Tao , Liu Wenfeng , Zhou Chucheng , Sun Jingyu , Zhou Ji , Li Ya‐yun
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIB), as one of the most appealing grid‐scale energy storage devices, have to deal with the trade‐off between the capacity output and rate performance. Utilizing 3D‐printed (3DP) anode materials with hybrid sodium storage mechanism and elevated mass loading is promising yet poorly explored. Herein, the design of a prototype ternary composite is reported, MoS2@Bi/N‐doped carbon, as a sodium storage candidate to achieve high reversible capacity (604 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with an initial output of 709 mAh g−1) and outstanding rate capability (169.6 mAh g−1 at 15 A g−1), outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art reports. This is realized by delicate structural and interfacial engineering of the composite anode, markedly synergizing the conversion‐typed MoS2, alloy‐typed Bi, and adsorption‐typed N‐doped carbon. Theoretical simulations and operando instrumental analysis elaborate the reasons of the boosted electrochemical performance. Encouragingly, a fully 3DP SIB affording an areal mass loading of up to 11.7 mg cm−2 is demonstrated, retaining a capacity of 114 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. This work would facilitate the design of 3DP SIB devices with the employment of advanced electrodes harnessing hybrid ion storage features.
Report of the APOE4 National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project Consortium Working Group: Reducing APOE4 in Carriers is a Therapeutic Goal for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Vance Jeffery M. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Huang Yadong , Cruchaga Carlos , Hyman Bradley T. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Goate Alison M. , Greicius Michael D. , Griswold Anthony J. , Haines Jonathan L. , TCW Julia , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Tsai Li‐Huei , Herz Joachim , Holtzman David M.
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The apolipoprotein E4 gene (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. In 2023, the APOE4 National Institute on Aging/Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project working group came together to gather data and discuss the question of whether to reduce or increase APOE4 as a therapeutic intervention for AD. It was the unanimous consensus that cumulative data from multiple studies in humans and animal models support that lowering APOE4 should be a target for therapeutic approaches for APOE4 carriers. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:625–634
Sulfonium Rearrangements Enable the Direct Preparation of Sulfenyl Imidinium Salts
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos R. , Klose Immo , Placidi Simone , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno
Published: January 2024

Sulfenyl imidinium salts are a virtually unexplored class of intermediates in organic chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate how sulfonium rearrangements can be deployed to access these versatile synthetic intermediates, bearing three contiguous (and congested) stereogenic centers, with high levels of selectivity. The synthetic value of the scaffold was unraveled by selective transformations into a range of building blocks, including 1,4‐dicarbonyl derivatives and sulfonolactones.
Bio‐Inspired Trace Hydroxyl‐Rich Electrolyte Additives for High‐Rate and Stable Zn‐Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures
Authors: Bu Fan , Gao Yong , Zhao Wenbo , Cao Qinghe , Deng Yifan , Chen Jipeng , Pu Jie , Yang Jiayu , Wang Yuxuan , Yang Nute , Meng Ting , Liu Xiangye , Guan Cao
Published: January 2024

High‐rate and stable Zn‐ion batteries working at low temperatures are highly desirable for practical applications, but are challenged by sluggish kinetics and severe corrosion. Herein, inspired by frost‐resistant plants, we report trace hydroxyl‐rich electrolyte additives that implement a dual remodeling effect for high‐performance low‐temperature Zn‐ion batteries. The additive with high Zn absorbability not only remodels Zn2+ primary solvent shell by alternating H2O molecules, but also forms a shielding layer thus remodeling the Zn surface, which effectively enhances fast Zn2+ de‐solvation reaction kinetics and prohibits Zn anode corrosion. Taking trace α‐D‐glucose (αDG) as a demonstration, the electrolyte obtains a low freezing point of −55.3 °C, and the Zn//Zn cell can stably cycle for 2000 h at 5 mA cm−2 under −25 °C, with a high cumulative capacity of 5000 mAh cm−2. A full battery that stably operates for 10000 cycles at −50 °C is also demonstrated.
Synthesis of Chiral Pyrene‐Based 1,4‐Dithiins
Authors: Keck Christoph , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: January 2024

The 1,4‐dithiin motif is known for its reversible redox properties to generate radical cations and diradical dications and thus is interesting for organic electronic applications. However, examples where this motif is embedded into chiral larger fused aromatic compounds are very rare. Here we describe the syntheses of several structurally related pyrene fused dithiins and their spectroscopic investigations with a focus on tuning circular dichroism, with respect to the g values, depending on their connectivity.
Room temperature‐responsive poly(vinyl hydroxyalkyl ether‐alt‐dialkyl maleate)‐based vitrimers with dynamic boronic ester bonds
Authors: Wang Guochen , Xu Weiping , Zhang Yanxin , Chen Dong , Ma Yuhong , Song Changtong , Yang Wantai
Published: January 2024

Dynamic BO bonds are often applied to fabricate reversible‐cross‐linking and reprocessable polymer networks due to their high thermodynamic stability and kinetic tunability. However, it is still difficult to tailor boronic ester polymers, which have both excellent mechanical and self‐healing properties in the absence of external stimuli. To address the above challenge, a range of room‐temperature self‐healable vitrimers are prepared by the reactions of various poly(vinyl hydroxyalkyl ether‐alt‐dialkyl maleate) copolymers and 1,4‐phenyldiboronic acid. The dynamic cross‐linking networks offer the as‐prepared vitrimers superior mechanical properties and thermostability. Because of the presence of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the networks also demonstrated self‐healing (the tensile strength recovered to 83% after 3 days at room temperature) and reprocessing capabilities (no significant change in tensile strength after thrice process recycles). Moreover, the vitrimers have potential as promising damping materials with wide temperature windows around room temperature. For example, the vitrimer of poly(ethylene glycol monovinyl ether‐alt‐dibutyl maleate) and 1,4‐phenyldiboronic acid demonstrates its tanδmax 1.18, Tg = 6.2°C and effective damping temperature range is from −16.4 to 48.5°C.
Different development and fecundity between Spodoptera frugiperda USA and China populations, influenced by ecdysone‐related genes
Authors: Choi Du‐Yeol , Mo Hyoung‐ho , Park Youngjin
Published: January 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most harmful plant pests in the world and is globally distributed from the American continent to the Asian region. The FAW USA population (Sf‐USA) and China population (Sf‐CHN), which belong to corn strain, showed different developmental periods and fecundity rates in lab conditions. Sf‐USA had faster development and higher fecundity compared with Sf‐CHN. To examine these differences, transcriptomic data from two FAW populations were analyzed and compared. Twelve gigabytes of transcripts were read from each sample and 21,258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. DEGs with log2 fold change ≥ 2 were identified and compared in two populations. In comparison to the Sf‐CHN, we discovered that 3471 and 3851 individual DEGs upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression revealed several DEGs, including 39 of ecdysone (E)‐, 25 of juvenile hormone‐, and 15 of insulin‐related genes. We selected six of E‐related genes, such as Neverland, Shade, Ecdysone receptor, Ecdysone‐inducible protein 74 (E74), E75, and E78 from DEGs. Gene expressions were suppressed by RNA interference to confirm the physiological functions of the selected genes from Sf‐USA. The Sf‐USA showed developmental retardation and a decrease in fecundity rate by suppression of E‐related genes. These findings show that biological characteristics between Sf‐USA and Sf‐CHN are influenced by E‐related genes.
K64 acetylation of heat shock protein 90 suppresses nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in Bombyx mori
Authors: Zhang Xizhen , Ma Shiyi , Gu Chaoguang , Hu Miao , Miao Meng , Quan Yanping , Yu Wei
Published: January 2024

HSP90 is a highly conserved chaperone that facilitates the proliferation of many viruses, including silkworm (bombyx mori) nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), but the underlying regulatory mechanism was unclear. We found that suppression of HSP90 by 17‐AAG, a HSP90‐specific inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of BmNPV capsid protein gp64 and viral genome replication, whereas overexpression of B. mori HSP90(BmHSP90) promoted BmNPV replication. Furthermore, in a recent study of the lysine acetylome of B. mori infected with BmNPV, we focused on the reduced viral proliferation due to changes of BmHSP90 lysine acetylation. Site‐directed introduction of acetylated (K/Q) or deacetylated (K/R) mimic mutations into BmHSP90 revealed that lysine 64 (K64) acetylation activated the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced BmHSP90 ATPase activity, leading to diminished chaperone activity and ultimately inhibiting BmNPV proliferation. In this study, a single lysine 64 acetylation change of BmHSP90 was elucidated as a model of posttranslational modifications occurring in the wake of host‐virus interactions, providing novel insights into potential antiviral strategies.
“He looks very real”: Media, knowledge, and search‐based strategies for deepfake identification
Authors: Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian
Published: January 2024

Deepfakes are a potential source of disinformation and the ability to detect them is imperative. While research focused on algorithmic detection methods, there is little work conducted on how people identify deepfakes. This research attempts to fill this gap. Using semi‐structured interviews, participants were asked to identify real and deepfake videos and explain how their decisions were made. Three categories of deepfake identification strategies emerged: the use of surface video and audio cues, processing of the messages conveyed in the video, and the searching of external sources. Participants often used multiple strategies within each category. However, identification challenges occurred due to participants' preconceived notions of deepfake characteristics and the message embodied in the video. This work contributes to research by shifting the focus from the algorithmic detection of deepfakes to human‐oriented strategies. Practically, the findings provide guidance on how people can identify deepfakes, which can also form the basis for the development of educational materials.
Thermal Structural Behavior of ElectrochemicallyLithiated Graphite (LixC6) Anodes in Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Hölderle Tobias , Monchak Mykhailo , Baran Volodymyr , Kriele Armin , Mühlbauer Martin J. , Dyadkin Vadim , Rabenbauer Alfred , Schökel Alexander , Ehrenberg Helmut , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Senyshyn Anatoliy
Published: January 2024

A full series of variously lithiated graphite anodes material LixC6 (0<x<1) corresponding to a different state‐of‐charge (SOC) between 0 % and 100 % was collected from 18650‐type cylinder Li‐ion batteries, and the thermal structural behavior of these electrodes was mapped using ex situ high‐resolution X‐ray and neutron diffraction. Their structural behavior was analyzed over a broad temperature range. At high temperatures, a non‐reversible decomposition of the lithiated graphite anodes takes place, accompanied by a loss of intercalated lithium ions, forming novel phases such as LiF and Li2O strongly coupled to the degradation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Complementary calorimetric measurements showed the strongly exothermic chemical reactions during the decomposition matching well to the collected diffraction data. Post mortem analysis applying scanning electron microscopy revealed various morphological features supplementing the treatment of battery anodes and highlighted the importance of the SEI layer during the cycling of the cell and its thermal degradation.
Interphase design of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 as positive active material for lithium ion batteries via Al2O3 coatings using magnetron sputtering for improved performance and stability
Authors: Javed Atif , Makvandi Ardavan , Demelash Feleke , Adhitama Egy , Heidrich Bastian , Peterlechner Martin , Wilde Gerhard , Winter Martin , Börner Markus
Published: January 2024

LiNixMnyCozO2 (x+y+z=1) is one of the most present and versatile positive active materials for lithium ion batteries due to comparatively high specific capacity and high operating potential. However, NMC materials are prone to various degradation effects including moisture uptake, formation of impurities at the particle surface and transition metal dissolution during charge/discharge cycling and/or at elevated temperatures. Beyond that, cation mixing can lead to phase transformation, oxygen evolution, particle cracking and particle disintegration. Therefore, an alumina coating was applied and optimized as protective interphase on LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) powders, using a specifically in‐house developed RF‐magnetron sputtering technique. The alumina coated NMC622 showed a 13 % improvement in capacity retention after 200 charge/discharge cycles in lab‐scale cells, compared to pristine uncoated NMC622. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the interfacial/interphasial resistance of pristine and alumina coated NCM622 based electrodes were explored to study the impact of the coating on lithium ion transport. Furthermore, the structural and thermal stability of cyclic aged NMC622 were analyzed via TEM, EELS and TGA. Therein, alumina coated samples demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, less structural degradation, and reduced particle cracking.
Adaptive modeling optimized by the data fusion strategy: Real‐time dying cell percentage prediction using capacitance spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Suyang , Ketcham Stephanie A. , Corredor Claudia , Both Douglas , Zhao Yuxiang , Drennen James K. , Anderson Carl A.
Published: January 2024

The previous research showcased a partial least squares (PLS) regression model accurately predicting cell death percentages using in‐line capacitance spectra. The current study advances the model accuracy through adaptive modeling employing a data fusion approach. This strategy enhances prediction performance by incorporating variables from the Cole–Cole model, conductivity and its derivatives over time, and Mahalanobis distance into the predictor matrix (X‐matrix). Firstly, the Cole–Cole model, a mechanistic model with parameters linked to early cell death onset, was integrated to enhance prediction performance. Secondly, the inclusion of conductivity and its derivatives over time in the X‐matrix mitigated prediction fluctuations resulting from abrupt conductivity changes during process operations. Thirdly, Mahalanobis distance, depicting spectral changes relative to a reference spectrum from a previous time point, improved model adaptability to independent test sets, thereby enhancing performance. The final data fusion model substantially decreased root‐mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) by around 50%, which is a significant boost in prediction accuracy compared to the prior PLS model. Robustness against reference spectrum selection was confirmed by consistent performance across various time points. In conclusion, this study illustrates that the data fusion strategy substantially enhances the model accuracy compared to the previous model relying solely on capacitance spectra.
Prediction of 5‐year overall survival of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma on the pola‐R‐CHP regimen based on 2‐year event‐free survival and progression‐free survival
Authors: Zhang Wan‐Ru , Liu Xin , Zhong Qiu‐Zi , Wu Tao , Yang Yong , Chen Bo , Jing Hao , Tang Yuan , Jin Jing , Liu Yue‐Ping , Song Yong‐Wen , Fang Hui , Lu Ning‐Ning , Li Ning , Zhai Yi‐Rui , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Wang Shu‐Lian , Chen Fan , Yin Lin , Qi Shu‐Nan , Li Ye‐Xiong
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to predict the 5‐year overall survival (OS) benefit of pola‐R‐CHP versus R‐CHOP in the POLARIX trial based on the 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We identified randomized controlled trials (RCT) published before 31 May 2023. The correlation between the logarithmic (log) hazard ratio (HR) for EFS (HREFS) or PFS (HRPFS) and the HR for OS (HROS) was estimated at the trial‐level. Correlation analysis was performed between 2‐year PFS or EFS and 5‐year OS rates at the treatment arm‐level. Linear regression models were used to calculate the 5‐year OS of pola‐R‐CHP and R‐CHOP. In the included 20 RCTs, a linear correlation between HREFS (r = 0.765) or HRPFS (r = 0.534) and HROS was observed at the trial‐ level. Two‐year EFS (r = 0.918) or 2‐year PFS (r = 0.865) correlated linearly with 5‐year OS. Linear regression analysis between 2‐year EFS/PFS and 5‐year OS gave estimated 5‐year OS rates between pola‐R‐CHP and R‐CHOP of 6.4% and 6.3%, respectively. Two‐year EFS and PFS are feasible early endpoints in patients with DLBCL treated primarily with immunochemotherapy. The pola‐R‐CHP regimen is expected to improve 5‐year OS.
A new tetronomycin analog, broad‐spectrum and potent antibiotic against drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Kimishima Aoi , Tsuruoka Iori , Tsutsumi Hayama , Honsho Masako , Honma Sota , Matsui Hidehito , Sugamata Miho , Wasuwanich Paul , Inahashi Yuki , Hanaki Hideaki , Asami Yukihiro
Published: January 2024

We discovered a new tetronomycin analog, C‐32‐OH tetronomycin (2) from the Streptomyces sp. K20‐0247 strain, which produces tetronomycin (1). After NMR analysis of 2, we determined the planar structure. Futhermore, the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was deduced based on the biosynthetic pathway of 1 in the K20‐0247 strain and a comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) results of 1 with 2. While 2 exihibits potent antibacterial activity aganist Gram‐positive baceria including vancomycin‐intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococci (VRE), the antibacterial activity of 2 shows 16–32‐folds weaker than that of 1 suggesting that the C‐34 methyl group in 1 is one of the very important functinal group. Moreover, we evaluated the ionophore activity of 1 and 2 and neither compound shows ionophore activity at reasonable concetrations. Our research suggests that 1 and 2 would have different target(s) from an ionophore mechanism in the antibacterial activity and tetronomycins are promising natural products for broad‐spectrum antibiotics.
FNDC5/Irisin protects neurons through Caspase3 and Bax pathways
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Xia , Zhang Lin‐Jie , Zhao Ning , Chang Sheng‐Hui , Yang Li
Published: January 2024

Irisin is a glycosylated protein formed from the hydrolysis of fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Recent studies have demonstrated that FNDC5/Irisin is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, it can inhibit inflammation and have neuroprotective effects. However, the effect and mechanism of FNDC5/Irisin on motor neuron‐like cell lines (NSC‐34) have not been reported. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide to construct cellular oxidative stress injury models and investigated the potential roles of FNDC5/Irisin on neurons by different cellular and molecular pathways. Taken together, our findings showed that FNDC5/Irisin can protect neurons, and this effect might be associated with Caspase3 and Bax pathways. These results laid the foundation for neuronal protection and clinical translation of FNDC5/Irisin therapy.
Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ER stress as key (survival) pathways during ischemia‐reperfusion of transplanted grafts
Authors: Kamińska Daria , Skrzycki Michał
Published: January 2024

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury is an event concerning any organ under a procedure of transplantation. The early result of ischemia is hypoxia, which causes malfunction of mitochondria and decrease in cellular ATP. This leads to disruption of cellular metabolism. Reperfusion also results in cell damage due to reoxygenation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, and later by induced inflammation. In damaged and hypoxic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is activated by increased amount of damaged or misfolded proteins, accumulation of free fatty acids and other lipids due to inability of their oxidation (lipotoxicity). ER stress is an adaptive response and a survival pathway, however, its prolonged activity eventually lead to induction of apoptosis. Sustaining cell functionality in stress conditions is a great challenge for transplant surgeons as it is crucial for maintaining a desired level of graft vitality. Pathways counteracting negative consequences of ischemia‐reperfusion are autophagy and lipid droplets (LD) metabolism. Autophagy remove damaged organelles and molecules driving them to lysosomes, digested simpler compounds are energy source for the cell. Mitophagy and ER‐phagy results in improvement of cell energetic balance and alleviation of ER stress. This is important in sustaining metabolic homeostasis and thus cell survival. LD metabolism is connected with autophagy as LD are degraded by lipophagy, a source of free fatty acids and glycerol—thus autophagy and LD can readily remove lipotoxic compounds in the cell. In conclusion, monitoring and pharmaceutic regulation of those pathways during transplantation procedure might result in increased/improved vitality of transplanted organ.
Identification of a mutation in TNRC18 in a patient with clinical features of Fazio‐Londe disease
Authors: Khani Marzieh , Shamshiri Hosein , Nafissi Shahriar , Salehi Najmeh , Moazzeni Hamidreza , Taheri Hanieh , Elahi Elahe
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Fazio‐Londe disease and Brown‐Vialetto‐Van Laere syndrome are rare related neurological disorders. Although SLC52A3 and SLC52A2 that encode riboflavin transporters are their only known causative genes, many patients without mutations in these genes have been reported. Clinical and genetic data of a patient with features suggestive of Fazio‐Londe disease are presented. Neurological examination revealed significant involvement of cranial nerves and weakness in the lower extremities. Pontobulbar presentations were prominent. EDX study suggested motor neuronopathy. Hearing was normal. She was diagnosed with FL disease. Response to riboflavin supplementation was not favorable. The patient's pedigree suggested recessive inheritance. SLC52A3 and SLC52A2 were screened and mutations were not observed. Results of exome sequencing and segregation analysis suggested that a mutation in TNRC18 is a candidate cause of disease in the patient. The three dimensional structure of the TNRC18 protein was predicted and it was noted that its two conserved domains (BAH and Tudor) interact and that the valine residue affected by the mutation is positioned close to both domains. A mutation in TNRC18 is cautiously reported as the possible cause of FL disease in the patient. The finding warrants further inquiries on TNRC18 about which little is presently known.
Green Metrics and Sustainability in Photocatalysis
Authors: Quintavalla Arianna , Carboni Davide , Lombardo Marco
Published: January 2024

In the past century, significant advancements in synthetic chemistry undeniably contributed to the wellness of mankind, from the development of new drugs to the design of materials for energy production and storage. However, this technological progress has also brought forth significant challenges, emphasizing the urgent need to rethink chemistry for more environmentally friendly approaches. In this Review a critical and comprehensive analysis of the sustainability in the preparation of commonly used photocatalysts is performed, by employing mass‐based metrics. Additionally, a comparative evaluation is made between some selected photocatalytic protocols and traditional reactions not relying on light. The objective is to quantitatively evaluate claims of sustainability and greenness commonly associated with photocatalysis, by exploring the real impact of photocatalytic procedures on waste generation. This quantitative approach provides insights into the broader concept of sustainable processes, challenging assumptions and encouraging a more rigorous evaluation of green claims in catalysis. Furthermore, the toxicity of the involved species and the availability of the required chemical elements is commented on to provide a global perspective on the sustainability of the analyzed transformations. The results shed light on the true environmental footprint of photocatalysis and reveal that the notion of green chemistry can sometimes be overstated.
Sustainable Production of Chemicals via Hydrotreating of CO2 and Biomass Derived Molecules Using Heterogeneous Noble Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Naranov Evgeny
Published: January 2024

The noble metals are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis and automobile industry. The limited natural sources and high cost of noble metals dictates improving the efficiency of modern industry. This review considers the applications of noble metal oxide as potential solutions to the sustainability issues, including biomass conversion, CO2 capture and conversion, green fuel production, etc. Noble metal oxides with their different compositions (monometallic and bimetallic) and structures exhibit a wide range of properties in heterogeneous catalysis. Although platinum metals in an oxidized form may not be the most common choice in hydroprocesses; recently, there have been studies indicating that they were highly active and selective catalysts in hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis. This review outlines the most established noble metal oxide catalysts used in hydrogenation catalysis and shed the light on the relation of noble metal oxide species to catalyst selectivity based on state‐of‐the‐art techniques. Finally, the perspectives on the application of noble metal oxide catalysts to produce value‐added chemicals are discussed.
Recent Progress in ZIF‐Derived Carbons for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shen Liu‐Liu , Yong Cong , Xu Yipu , Wu Peiran , Zhang Gui‐Rong , Mei Donghai
Published: January 2024

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) represents a cornerstone for many clean energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Nevertheless, the commercialization of these technologies is largely impeded by the slow kinetics of ORR, for which active, durable and cost‐effective ORR catalysts are needed. In recent years, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) derived carbon materials emerge as a new class of non‐precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) toward ORR, largely benefiting from their high surface area, abundant porosity, tunable chemical/electronic structure, and superior ORR activity which is comparable or even surpasses those state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based ORR catalysts. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in ZIF‐derived carbons for ORR. The synthesis strategies and the key factors affecting the ORR performance of ZIF‐derived carbon materials are discussed. Future research directions and perspectives on exploring ZIF derived carbons as efficient ORR catalysts are highlighted, with a focus on the principles of rationally engineering the coordination structures of active sites.
Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic CO2 Methanation: From Reaction Fundamentals to Catalyst Developments
Authors: Tian Junbo , Xu Wenqing , Gao Jiajian , Zhu Tingyu , Xu Guangwen , Zhong Ziyi , Su Fabing
Published: January 2024

Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is demanded due to the gradual depletion of petroleum oil/gas and the environmental impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere. Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane (CH4) using renewable energy sources is crucial for sustainable chemical/fuel production and greenhouse gas reduction. In recent years, extensive research has focused on understanding the fundamental aspects of the two approaches, such as reaction mechanisms and active sites, and exploring/designing novel catalytic materials. This review initially discusses the reaction fundamentals, including performance evaluation indexes, reactors, and mechanisms, to understand the catalytic reactions. Subsequently, various catalyst preparation strategies and characterization methods are summarized, trying to outline the catalyst design principle based on the obtained understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Finally, research challenges and perspectives for future development in this area are discussed and presented. It is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the photo/electrocatalytic CO2 methanation, valuable knowledge to novice researchers, and a helpful reference for future research endeavors.