bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global analysis of the biosynthetic chemical space of marine prokaryotes
Authors: Wei Bin , Hu Gang-Ao , Zhou Zhen-Yi , Yu Wen-Chao , Du Ao-Qi , Yang Cai-Ling , Yu Yan-Lei , Chen Jian-Wei , Zhang Hua-Wei , Wu Qihao , Xuan Qi , Xu Xue-Wei , Wang Hong
Published: June 2023

Background

Marine prokaryotes are a rich source of novel bioactive secondary metabolites for drug discovery. Recent genome mining studies have revealed their great potential to bio-synthesize novel secondary metabolites. However, the exact biosynthetic chemical space encoded by the marine prokaryotes has yet to be systematically evaluated.

Results

We first investigated the secondary metabolic potential of marine prokaryotes by analyzing the diversity and novelty of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in 7541 prokaryotic genomes from cultivated and single cells, along with 26,363 newly assembled medium-to-high-quality genomes from marine environmental samples. To quantitatively evaluate the unexplored biosynthetic chemical space of marine prokaryotes, the clustering thresholds for constructing the biosynthetic gene cluster and molecular networks were optimized to reach a similar level of the chemical similarity between the gene cluster family (GCF)-encoded metabolites and molecular family (MF) scaffolds using the MIBiG database. The global genome mining analysis demonstrated that the predicted 70,011 BGCs were organized into 24,536 mostly new (99.5%) GCFs, while the reported marine prokaryotic natural products were only classified into 778 MFs at the optimized clustering thresholds. The number of MF scaffolds is only 3.2% of the number of GCF-encoded scaffolds, suggesting that at least 96.8% of the secondary metabolic potential in marine prokaryotes is untapped. The unexplored biosynthetic chemical space of marine prokaryotes was illustrated by the 88 potential novel antimicrobial peptides encoded by ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide BGCs. Furthermore, a sea-water-derived Aquimarina strain was selected to illustrate the diverse biosynthetic chemical space through untargeted metabolomics and genomics approaches, which identified the potential biosynthetic pathways of a group of novel polyketides and two known compounds (didemnilactone B and macrolactin A 15-ketone).

Conclusions

The present bioinformatics and cheminformatics analyses highlight the promising potential to explore the biosynthetic chemical diversity of marine prokaryotes and provide valuable knowledge for the targeted discovery and biosynthesis of novel marine prokaryotic natural products.
Learner-oriented assessment matters: testing the effects of academic buoyancy, reflective thinking, and learner enjoyment in self-assessment and test-taking anxiety management of the EFL learners
Authors: Nurjamin Asep , Salazar-Espinoza David-Eli , Saenko Natalya , Bina Elia
Published: June 2023

Students may better keep tabs on their own development by engaging in self-assessment (S-A), academic buoyancy (AB) construction, and reflective thinking (RT). Although S-A, AB, and RT have been known for a long time, very little is known regarding their potential effects on test-taking anxiety (TTA) and learner enjoyment (LE). Therefore, this study aimed to present a framework depicting the dynamic interaction of AB, RT, LE, S-A, and TTA. Specifically, 394 EFL students from Turkey were given the Academic Buoyancy Scale (ABS), the Reflective Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ), the Test-Taking Anxiety Scale (TTAS), the Core of Self-Assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ), and the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (FLES). Higher levels of S-A, AB, RT, and LE were associated with more S-A and less TTA among EFL students, as shown by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of this research have important implications for the development of S-A, AB, and RT practices and the introduction of learning-oriented evaluation in educational settings.
Pathways of opportunity in STEM: comparative investigation of degree attainment across different demographic groups at a large research institution
Authors: Costello Robin A. , Salehi Shima , Ballen Cissy J. , Burkholder Eric
Published: June 2023

Background

We used an opportunity gap framework to analyze the pathways through which students enter into and depart from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees in an R1 higher education institution and to better understand the demographic disparities in STEM degree attainment.

Results

We found disparities in 6-year STEM graduation rates on the basis of gender, race/ethnicity, and parental education level. Using mediation analysis, we showed that the gender disparity in STEM degree attainment was explained by disparities in aspiration: a gender disparity in students’ intent to pursue STEM at the beginning of college; women were less likely to graduate with STEM degrees because they were less likely to intend to pursue STEM degrees. However, disparities in STEM degree attainment across race/ethnicities and parental education level were largely explained by disparities in attrition: persons excluded because of their ethnicity or race (PEERs) and first generation students were less likely to graduate with STEM degrees due to fewer academic opportunities provided prior to college (estimated using college entrance exams scores) and more academic challenges during college as captured by first year GPAs.

Conclusions

Our results reinforce the idea that patterns of departure from STEM pathways differ among marginalized groups. To promote and retain students in STEM, it is critical that we understand these differing patterns and consider structural efforts to support students at different stages in their education.
Gender and the return migration process: Gulf returnees in Ghana
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Salisu Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Labour migration in the context of South-South migration is generally conceived as a multidimensional process that comprises three distinct subprocesses: emigration, immigration, and return migration. There is growing consensus that return migration is the least understood of these three subprocesses. In a similar vein, a gendered analysis has become more integral to migration scholarship today; yet one area where gender matters but has not been thoroughly studied is the return migration process. This paper explores how gender shapes the return migration experiences by reflecting on four transnational sites of return migration such as migrants’ socio-demographic features, working and living conditions in the Gulf, remittance control and use, and finally return and reintegration. Empirically, this research draws on the experiences of selected Gulf male and female return migrants in Accra, Ghana. The study reports that the gender dimension of returnees’ experiences constitutes an avenue of migration research that has the potential to produce a more nuanced understanding of gendered migration scholarship in the Global South.
Predictive value of retinal oximetry, optical coherence tomography angiography and microperimetry in patients with treatment-naïve branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Frederiksen Katrine Hartmund , Pedersen Frederik Nørregaard , Vergmann Anna Stage , Yang Dawei , Laugesen Caroline Schmidt , Vestergaard Jesper Pindbo , Sørensen Torben Lykke , Cheung Carol Y , Kawasaki Ryo , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob
Published: June 2023

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors have substantially improved the visual outcomes in patients with macular edema (ME) caused by branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), but treatment outcomes are highly variable and early prediction of expected clinical outcome would be important for individualized treatment.

As non-invasive metabolic, structural and functional retinal markers might act as early predictors of clinical outcomes, we performed a 12-month, prospective study aimed to evaluate if baseline retinal oximetry, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) or microperimetry were able to predict need of treatment, structural or functional outcome in patients with ME caused by treatment-näive BRVO.

We evaluated 41 eyes of 41 patients with a mean age of 69.6 years and 56% females. We found a strong tendency towards a higher retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation in patients without a need of additional aflibercept treatment after the loading phase (99.8% vs. 92.3%, adjusted odds ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.64-1.00), adjusted p = 0.058), but otherwise, retinal oximetry, OCT-A or microperimetry were not able to predict need of treatment, structural nor functional outcomes. (Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, S-20,170,084. Registered 24 August 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03651011)
A stability indicating UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Narikimalli Ashritha , Galla Rajitha
Published: June 2023

Background

Nateglinide and metformin HCl are used in combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. A simple, sensitive and reliable UPLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin HCl using Phenomenox C18(50*2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) column at ambient temperature as stationary phase in addition to mobile phase containing 75 volumes of ammonium formate buffer (pH = 3) along with 25 volumes of acetonitrile with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min with UV detection at 260 nm and a run time of 3 min. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines.

Results

The separation of metformin HCl and nateglinide was done at retention times of 1.014 min and 1.435 min, respectively. The mean % recovery for nateglinide and metformin HCl in the accuracy study was observed to be 99.9% and 99.2%, respectively. LOD and LOQ values were determined considering the S/N ratio and were found to be 0.09 µg/mL and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively, for nateglinide and 0.75 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively, for metformin HCl. The method was found to be precise with % RSD values of 0.58 and 0.45, respectively, for repeatability and intermediate precision of nateglinide and 0.43 and 0.43, respectively, for repeatability and intermediate precision of metformin HCl which were within acceptance criteria. The method was found to be linear in the range of 7.5–45 µg/mL and 62.5–375 μg/mL for nateglinide and metformin HCl, respectively. The regression equations for nateglinide and metformin HCl were found to bey = 17377x + 6543.4 andy = 18439x + 43,537, respectively. The method was found to be robust by deliberate changes in the method parameters like flow rate and mobile phase composition. Forced degradation studies were performed as per ICH Q1A(R2) and Q1B guidelines, and peak purity was observed in all types of degradation studies for both the drugs.

Conclusion

The developed method was found to be satisfactory as it is simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, robust, rapid, economical and yet stability indicating and can be applied successfully in the routine laboratory analysis for the simultaneous estimation of nateglinide and metformin HCl in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Modified mandibulotomy as an approach to parapharyngeal space tumors: a case report
Authors: Singh Ambesh , Arora Ripu Daman , Dange Prajwal S. , Nagarkar Nitin M , Raghani Manish
Published: June 2023

Background

A mandibulotomy approach has been introduced for removal of posteriorly-based tumors of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and certain parapharyngeal tumors with minimum morbidity.

Case presentation

A middle-aged male presented with a left-sided upper neck mass for last year and difficulty in swallowing for the past six months. A previous history of sclerotherapy and incision and drainage was present and a histopathological examination report from the incision and drainage-derived tissue was suggestive of lymphangioma. On examination, a single soft globular swelling measuring approximately 6 × 4 cm in the left infra-auricular region and a scar of previous incision and drainage measuring approximately 1 × 0.5 cm was present. Oropharynx: tonsillar bulge was present and reaching up to the uvula. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed an enhancing lesion suggesting a vascular tumour affecting the pre and post-styloid compartment. The patient underwent surgical excision of the lymphangioma by a modified mandibulotomy approach to improve bony stability, avoiding lip split incision and tooth extraction for medically resistant lymphangioma. So, we introduced our modified technique of mandibulotomy in cases of medically resistant parapharyngeal space tumors with a modified lifting step osteotomy with a thin saw blade.

Conclusion

The modified mandibulotomy approach provides a safe and effective means of tumor resection and this technique not only ensures complete tumour resection but also maintains the integrity and functionality of the mandible.
School Attendance Boundaries and the Segregation of Public Schools in the United States
Authors: Monarrez Tomás E.
Published: June 2023

School segregation is determined both by residential sorting and local policies, such as the drawing of attendance boundaries and school siting. This paper develops an approach to understanding the relative importance of these factors by calculating the distance-minimizing assignment of students to schools and assessing whether actual assignments differ systematically by race. Using census data and attendance boundary maps for nearly 1,600 school districts, I find that attendance boundaries create 5 percent more integration than a distance-minimizing baseline, while school siting plays almost no role. Residential segregation alone explains more than 100 percent of school segregation in the United States. (JEL H75, I21, I28, J15, R23)
Adverse Selection in Low-Income Health Insurance Markets: Evidence from an RCT in Pakistan
Authors: Fischer Torben , Frölich Markus , Landmann Andreas
Published: June 2023

We present robust evidence on adverse selection in hospitalization insurance for low-income individuals that received first-time access to insurance. A large randomized control trial from Pakistan allows us to separate adverse selection from moral hazard, estimate how selection changes at different points of the demand curve, and test simple measures to limit adverse selection. The results reveal substantial selection in individual policies, leading to welfare losses and the threat of a market breakdown. Bundling insurance policies at the household level or higher almost eliminates adverse selection, thus mitigating its welfare consequences and facilitating sustainable insurance supply. (JEL D82, G22, I13, I18, O15, O16)
Uncovering Peer Effects in Social and Academic Skills
Authors: Zárate Román Andrés
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the impact of adolescent peers who are central in their social network on the formation of social skills and academic performance of fellow students. I conduct a novel large-scale field experiment at selective public boarding schools in Peru with two treatments: (i) more socially central versus less socially central peers, and (ii) higher-achieving versus lower-achieving peers. Peer effects are more pronounced for social skills than academic performance, and both vary by gender. While socially central peers lead boys to better social skills, higher-achieving peers decrease girls' test scores. Gender differences in self-confidence can explain both findings. (JEL C93, I21, I26, J13, J16, O15, Z13)
Κριτήρια Ποιότητας Βίντεο για τα Μαζικά Ανοικτά Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα (MOOCs)
Authors: Γιασιράνης Στέφανος , Σοφός Αλιβίζος (Λοΐζος) , Κώστας Απόστολος
Published: June 2023

Τα Μαζικά Ανοικτά Διαδικτυακά Μαθήματα (MOOCs) εμφανίστηκαν το 2008 για να εκδημοκρατίσουν την τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση προσφέροντας ελεύθερη πρόσβαση στη μάθηση σε κάθε ενδιαφερόμενο. Βασικό μαθησιακό υλικό στα MOOCs αποτελούν τα ολιγόλεπτα βίντεο, τα οποία συμβάλλουν στην επιτυχή τους ολοκλήρωση, καθώς ένα από τα βασικά προβλήματα των MOOCs είναι τα πολύ υψηλά ποσοστά μη ολοκλήρωσης των προγραμμάτων. Προϋπόθεση γι’ αυτό, είναι τα βίντεο να είναι ποιοτικά, καθώς ένα ποιοτικό βίντεο συμβάλλει στην επίτευξη των μαθησιακών στόχων και κρίνεται θετικά από τους/τις εκπαιδευόμενους/ες. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης που διεξήχθη με στόχο τη συγκέντρωση και ομαδοποίηση των κριτηρίων εκείνων που χαρακτηρίζουν ένα βίντεο ως ποιοτικό. Εντοπίστηκαν 50 δείκτες ποιότητας, οι οποίοι ομαδοποιήθηκαν σε 3 άξονες και 5 κατηγορίες.  Οι δείκτες αυτοί μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν, τόσο κατά το σχεδιασμό ενός μαθήματος MOOC, όσο και για την αξιολόγηση των βίντεο που περιλαμβάνονται σε ένα τέτοιο πρόγραμμα.
In vitro evaluation of ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of local feedstuff-based beef cattle ration
Authors: Mayulu Hamdi , Daru Taufan Purwakusumaning , Tricahyadinata Irsan
Published: June 2023

Background: Consumption of local feedstuff  Neptunia plena L. Benth and  Leersia hexandra Swartz as a ration by the animal subject is expected to promote cost efficiency and production, as well as provide essential nutrition needs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), ammonia (NH 3) production, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in beef cattle.  Methods: Feed and rumen inoculum samples were prepared and analyzed for their proximate contents. There were five treatment groups based on the diet received by beef cattle, namely: T 1 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz 100 %); T 2 ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 100%); T 3 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz  15% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 15% + 70 % Other Feedstuffs); T 4 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz  20% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 20% + 60% Other Feedstuffs); T 5 ( Leersia hexandra Swartz  25% + ( Neptunia plena L. Benth 25% + 50% Other Feedstuffs).  In vitro approaches were used to determine the DMD, OMD, NH 3 production, and VFA in beef cattle. Results: The results showed that the highest DMD (P<0.05) was derived from T  5 (56.47%), followed by T  4 (56.45%) and T  3 (55.90%). T  5=62.40% significantly (P<0.05) generated the highest OMD followed by T  4=61.95% and T  3=60.82%. This treatment had the highest NH  3 value, namely 5.02 mM, compared with T  3=4.55 mM, T  4=4.50 mM, T  2=4.22 mM, and T  1=3.99 mM. Furthermore, T 5 had the highest VFA (P<0.05) compared with T  4, T  3, T  2, and T  1 with the value of 150.5, 133.0, 130.5, 130.0, and 123.5 mM, respectively.  Conclusions: The local feedstuff-based ration can be used to ensure the sustainable production of beef cattle
The genome sequence of the Grey Poplar Bell, Epinotia nisella (Clerck, 1759)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Hammond James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Epinotia nisella (the Grey Poplar Bell; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 585.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.44 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,952 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Orange Footman, Eilema sororcula (Hufnagel, 1766)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Lewis Owen T. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Eilema sororcula (the Orange Footman; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence is 729.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.46 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21,093 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the Broken-barred Carpet, Electrophaes corylata (Thunberg, 1792)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Lewis Owen T. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: June 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Electrophaes corylata (the Broken-barred Carpet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence is 347.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.36 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 16,031 protein coding genes.
Risk factors for prostate-specific antigen persistence in pT3aN0 prostate cancer after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Jun Seop , Chung Jae Hoon , Song Wan , Kang Minyong , Sung Hyun Hwan , Jeon Hwang Gyun , Jeong Byong Change , Seo Seong Il , Lee Hyun Moo , Jeon Seong Soo
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) persistence in pathological stage T3aN0 prostate cancer (PCa) after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP).Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 326 patients with pT3aN0 PCa who underwent RALP between March 2020 and February 2022. PSA persistence was defined as nadir PSA of >0.1 ng/mL after RALP, and the risk factors for PSA persistence were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results: Among 326 patients, 61 (18.71%) had PSA persistence and 265 (81.29%) had PSA of <0.1 ng/mL after RALP (successful radical prostatectomy [RP] group). In the PSA persistence group, 51 patients (83.61%) received adjuvant treatment. Biochemical recurrence occurred in 27 patients (10.19%) in the successful RP group during the mean follow-up period of 15.22 months. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for PSA persistence were large prostate volume (hazard ratio [HR], 1.017; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002–1.036; p=0.046), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (HR, 2.605; 95% CI, 1.022–6.643; p=0.045), and surgical margin involvement (HR, 2.220; 95% CI, 1.110–4.438; p=0.024).Conclusion: Adjuvant treatment may be needed for improved prognosis in patients with pT3aN0 PCa after RALP with a large prostate size, LVI, or surgical margin involvement.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Gackowski Jacek
Published: June 2023

Aktualny, 38 tom „Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici – Archeologia” ukazuje się w roku, w którym pożegnaliśmy wybitnego archeologa – prof. dr. hab. Bogusława Gedigę. Ten wielki badacz europejskiego formatu był także przyjacielem toruńskiego i bydgoskiego środowiska akademickiego, co przez wiele lat odbieraliśmy jako ogromny zaszczyt. Z tego względu w początkowejczęści tomu postanowiliśmy upamiętnić Osobę Profesora, zamieszczając wspomnienie dokumentujące niektóre wątki jego drogi naukowej oraz związki z Toruniem i Bydgoszczą.
Prof. dr hab. Bogusław Gediga (13.01.1933–18.10.2022). Wspomnienie z toruńskiej perspektywy
Authors: Gackowski Jacek
Published: June 2023

W dniu 27 października 2022 roku pożegnaliśmy Profesora Bogusława Gedigę. Doczesne szczątki tego wybitnego badacza epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza spoczęły na cmentarzu Grabiszyńskim we Wrocławiu. Przez całe swoje zawodowe życie Profesor był związany z Instytutem Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, ale realizował się także jako nauczyciel akademicki, prowadzącróżnorodne zajęcia dydaktyczne na Uniwersytetach Wrocławskim i Łódzkim oraz Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Zajmowały go głównie zagadnienia pradziejów epok metali, ale bliska była mu też problematyka wczesnośredniowiecznych Słowian. W toruńskim nekrologu zaznaczyliśmy, że Profesor był również znakomitym organizatorem życia naukowego, zaangażowanym w działalność wielu instytucji i towarzystw naukowych. Przez wiele lat przewodniczył Komitetowi Nauk Pra- i Protohistorycznych PAN. Od 1990 roku pełnił funkcję Redaktora Naukowego „Przeglądu archeologicznego”. Nie sposób w tym krótkim wspomnieniu wymienić szeregu niekwestionowanych zasług Profesora, wybitnego polskiego badacza przeszłości, bez trudu rozpoznawalnego w Europie. O ich wielkości, rozmachu i naukowym znaczeniu mówiono podczas wystąpień nad grobem Profesora.
Dwie bransolety ze starszego okresu epoki brązu z kujawskiej części Torunia i Brudzynia na Pałukach w świetle badań archeologicznych i archeometalurgicznych
Authors: Gackowski Jacek , Rosołowski Szymon , Garbacz-Klempka Aldona , Perek-Nowak Małgorzata , Piękoś Marcin , Żak Paweł , Nowaczyk Szymon
Published: June 2023

W artykule zaprezentowano dwie luźno znalezione bransolety metalowe, obie łączone z fazą wytwórczości starszego okresu epoki brązu. Artefakt z Torunia, mimo, że znajduje analogie w wytwórczości kultury mogiłowej, to jednak został znaleziony w przestrzeni środowiska osadniczego kultury trzcinieckiej, w którym tego rodzaju ozdoby południowo-zachodniej proweniencji notowane są sporadycznie. Z kolei wyrób z Brudzynia, znaleziony w strefie zazębiającego się osadnictwa kultur mogiłowej i trzcinieckiej, to okaz mający bliskie i dość liczne analogie w skarbach i wyposażeniu grobów Kujaw, Wielkopolski i Śląska. Wyniki ekspertyzy archeometalurgicznej, wskazują, że prezentowane okazy można wiązać z technologicznie różnymi tradycjami wytwórczości brązowniczej. O ile raczej nie ma wątpliwości, że bransoleta z Brudzynia jest kolejnym wyrobem powstałym w warsztacie „mogiłowym”, o tyle ta z Torunia może być przykładem lokalnego („trzcinieckiego”) produktu mającego cechy stylistyki mogiłowej.
Stan i potrzeby badań nad Rowokołem
Authors: Szczepanik Paweł
Published: June 2023

Tekst podejmuje problematykę stanu badań nad przestrzenią osadniczą znajdującą się na górze Rowokół. Tworzą ją domniemane grodzisko znajdujące się na szczycie góry, oraz grodzisko ulokowane na jej wschodnich zboczach. W okresie późnego średniowiecza na szczycie znajdował się kościół oraz cmentarz. Tekst wskazuje na podkreślane przez badaczy niedostatki w rozpoznaniu terenowym stanowisk oraz analizie materiałów zabytkowych. Dodatkowo skłania do refleksji teoretycznej pozwalającej stworzyć kulturoznawczą interpretację tej wyjątkowej przestrzeni.
Wieże mieszkalne w krzyżackiej architekturze zamkowej w Prusach
Authors: Wasik Bogusz
Published: June 2023

Zamki państwa zakonnego w Prusach budzą zainteresowanie naukowców od dwustu lat, jednak koncentruje się ono przede wszystkim na siedzibach komturów – tzw. zamkach konwentualnych. Mniejsze zamki, w których przebywali urzędnicy krzyżaccy niższej rangi,  znajdowały się najczęściej na marginesie zainteresowań. Nie zwracano również dotąd szerzej uwagi na zagadnienie obecności wież mieszkalnych na zamkach krzyżackich. Wśród obiektów tych można wyróżnić grupę zamków urzędników niższej rangi z domami wieżowymi.
Blood sample as a promising diagnostic tool in oncology - literature review
Authors: Drobek Dominik , Wojtala Kacper , Turek Michał , Winiarz Aleksandra , Szlendak Paula , Toś Katarzyna , Wąsala Katarzyna , Grosman Sylwia , Węgrzyniak Agata , Wokurka Wojciech
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The molecular characterization of solid tumors has provided significant advances in oncology, and genome profiling using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has helped improve the quality of medical care for patients with cancer. Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic molecular test to demonstrate the presence of circulating tumor DNA or circulating tumor cells released from primary or metastatic solid tumors. In addition, the minimally invasive nature of the liquid biopsy enables quick verification of the grade of malignancy. Observation of ctDNA in blood tests is of great importance at the treatment stage, it allows to determine resistance to the applied treatment, response to therapy and to predict relapse before it occurs.

 

Aim of the study

The aim of this review is to present information on the use of circulating tumor DNA together with circulating tumor cells in oncological diagnostics.

 

Materials and methods

The work was created based on the PubMed database. Articles were searched in English using the following keywords: ctDNA, CTC, cfDNA.

 

Results

Currently, ctDNA analysis is an alternative to traditional molecular diagnostics of cancer tissue, assessment of the effectiveness of therapy, monitoring of tumor dynamics, monitoring of progression and predicting recurrence.

 

Summary

There are not many diagnostic methods for detecting ctDNA. Due to the short length of the fragments and the low content in the samples, ctDNA analysis requires more sensitive techniques to ensure its reliability compared to methods used in solid tissue biopsies. Existing techniques of ctDNA analysis focus mainly on the identification of mutations in advanced stages of cancer, less often on early diagnosis.
When diet is not enough - obesity treatment options
Authors: Polatowska Marika , Czudy Zuzanna , Dominik Hanna , Pawęska Wojciech , Radwański Jan , Gadomska Anna , Kurek Justyna , Gorzyński Rafał , Garstka Michał , Molczyk-Sieńczak Justyna
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are common diseases affecting both children and adults. They cause a number of health consequences, both physical and mental. The diseases underlying obesity include hypertension, type II diabetes and selected cancers. The etiology is multifactorial, resulting from environmental, behavioral and genetic factors.
Aim of the study: The aim of our study is to summarize the therapeutic options available to overweight and obese people. We paid special attention to the available pharmacology and surgical treatment. We compared these methods in terms of effectiveness, possible complications and side effects.
Materials and methods: The literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was reviewed, using the following keywords: "obesity treatment", "obesity pharmacotherapy", "bariatric surgery".
Conclusions: There are many treatment options for people who have not improved with diet and increased physical activity alone. The availability of both pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery enables effective treatment of obesity and overweight tailored to the needs of patients.
Od niechęci do akceptacji. Instytucje kultury jako motor zmian mentalnych społeczności lokalnych – przypadek Kłóbki
Authors: Święch Jan
Published: June 2023

Muzeum na wolnym powietrzu w Kłóbce jest wciąż na etapie rozbudowy. Przygotowywane są dokumentacje dla kolejnych translokacji zabytkowych obiektów budownictwa chłopskiego na jego teren oraz rozbudowy zespołu recepcyjnego i pracy dydaktycznej. Placówka ta potwierdza jak ogromną rolę pełnią muzea regionalne w budowaniu społecznych więzi w niewielkich miejscowościach. Najczęściej mówiąc o wkładzie muzealnictwa w rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy kraju, odwołujemy się do dużych ośrodków miejskich i wielkich realizacji interesujących nas instytucji. Stają się one jednak tylko kolejną ofertą atrakcji turystycznej. Tymczasem na „prowincji”, chociaż twierdzę, że jest to obecnie pojęcie bardziej mentalne niż geograficzne, zachodzą dzięki muzeom niezwykłe i głębokie zmiany w mentalności ludzi, przekładające się na budowanie nowej, głębokiej tożsamości, która upodmiotowiła owe małe lokalne społeczności.
Przemiany koncepcji wystawienniczych (na przykładzie Oddziału Etnografii Muzeum Narodowego w Gdańsku)
Authors: Domańska Agnieszka
Published: June 2023

Wystawa muzealna to twór kulturowy, na który składają się różnorodne elementy – eksponaty, teksty, aranżacja plastyczna. Jest kompletną całością, nie zaś zbiorem przypadkowych przedmiotów wystawionych bez namysłu. Z upływem lat zmienia się dobór tematów oraz pomysły na kształtowanie przestrzeni wystawowej. Szczególnym przykładem miejsc, w których to zjawisko powinno zachodzić są muzea etnograficzne, jednak często tego typu instytucje zatrzymały się w czasie i przestały nadążać za widzem muzealnym o innym niż dawniej bagażu kulturowym i zdolnościach percepcyjnych.

Zasadniczą część tekstu stanowi analiza wystawy stałej oraz ekspozycji czasowych prezentowanych w Oddziale Etnografii Muzeum Narodowego w Gdańsku w latach 2016-2018. Jej dopełnieniem są rozważania na temat przyszłości muzealnictwa etnograficznego.
Opowieść z Wielkiego Placu jako niematerialne dziedzictwo Marrakeszu
Authors: Najmrocka Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

Istnieje w Marrakeszu powiedzenie, że gdy umiera stary gawędziarz, płonie cała biblioteka. Nie ma w owej sentencji przesady, gdyż tradycja ustnej opowieści sięga w Maroku ponad tysiąc lat wstecz. Marrakeszańskie opowieści (hikayat, storytelling) są dziś objęte pieczą UNESCO jako niematerialne dziedzictwo kultury ludzkości. Chodzi zatem nie tylko o niepowtarzalny zgiełk Placu Dżamma el-Fina, który wypełniony jest dźwiękiem tradycyjnej muzyki wygrywanej przez lokalnych artystów, ale o owych storytellers – gawędziarzy. Zasiadają oni zazwyczaj w centralnym punkcie gromadzącym wokół siebie tłum ludzi i snują opowieści dotyczące przeszłości, historii, rzeczy ważnych oraz anegdot. Ów tradycyjny proceder zdawał się przez lata zanikać wraz z odejściem najstarszego pokolenia narratywistów. Jednak w myśl zasady pracy dziedzictwa, uzyskał on aprobatę młodego pokolenia, które dzisiaj próbuje swoich sił w kawiarenkach. Młodzi ludzie pod okiem mistrzów ćwiczą sztukę opowieści w tradycyjnym języku Darija. Opowieść jest więc tym samym niematerialnym zabytkiem, dziedzictwem kultury, ciągle żywym pomostem między przeszłością i przyszłością. Jest zatem nowym księgozbiorem w owej starej bibliotece.
Wietkowskie Muzeum Staroobrzędowców i Tradycji Białoruskich im. Fiodora Szklarowa (Wietka, obwód homelski, Białoruś)
Authors: Malikau Yauhen
Published: June 2023

Artykuł opisuje Wietkowskie Muzeum Staroobrzędowców i Tradycji Białoruskich im. Fiodora Szklarowa, historię jego powstania oraz działalność. Autor wskazuje na jego ważną rolę naukową, badawczą, edukacyjną i wystawienniczą na Homelszczyźnie i wśród badaczy problematyki staroobrzędowej. Podkreśla wyjątkowość tego muzeum regionalnego na tle innych białoruskich muzeów podobnego typu.
Humanitarian Diplomacy: The Case of Switzerland and Sweden
Authors: Ratajczak Magdalena , Broś Natalia
Published: June 2023

The aim of our research is to explore the activities in the area of humanitarian diplomacy. We are seeking to find an answer to the question to what extent public diplomacy, based on humanitarian diplomacy, intercultural dialogue, respecting human rights can be effective in positioning a country in a high position on the international stage. The aim of this article is to analyze humanitarian diplomacy as a significant tool in the conduct of foreign affairs. We would also like to answer the question of the role that humanitarian diplomacy plays in the foreign policy of Switzerland and Sweden, and secondly to what extent values such as humanitarian aid, human rights and promotion of intercultural dialogue reinforce the images of the countries in question and constitute a key element of the Swiss and Swedish models of public diplomacy.
Między polityką zaangażowania a pozytywną neutralnością. Libia i Tunezja wobec kwestii Sahary Zachodniej
Authors: Kłosowicz Robert , Szczepankiewicz-Rudzka Ewa
Published: June 2023

BETWEEN A POLICY OF ENGAGEMENT AND POSITIVE NEUTRALITY: LIBYA AND TUNISIA ON THE ISSUE OF WESTERN SAHARA The unresolved issue of Western Sahara has been causing serious divisions in the Maghreb region for 48 years, which affects not only political relations, but also economic cooperation. The division into states supporting the independence of Western Sahara and those backing Morocco’s position has very strongly polarized the Maghreb region, as well as practically all states of the African continent. Moreover, during the Cold War, this dispute fed into division between states in the Western camp and those identified with the Eastern bloc and socialism, such as Libya. Tunisia was the only country in North Africa, which consistently tried to implement a policy of positive neutrality and because of that it was doomed to occupy a liminal space not only in the region – between Algeria and Morocco, but also in the bipolar world – between the West and the Eastern bloc. This article aims to present the two countries of Tunisia and Libya from the perspective of 48 years of the Western Saharan crisis. Both states, although they do not have a direct border with the territory of Western Sahara, are sometimes involuntarily, as in the case of Tunisia, involved in the largest regional dispute, which to this day casts a shadow over relations in North Africa.
Klasyczna teoria elit i pojęcie głębokiego państwa. Perspektywy badawcze na przykładzie Turcji i Włoch
Authors: Helma Szymon
Published: June 2023

CLASSICAL ELITE THEORY AND THE CONCEPT OF THE DEEP STATE: RESEARCH OUTLOOK ON THE EXAMPLES OF TURKEY AND ITALY This paper is an attempt to clarify the relationship between the elite theory and the idea of the deep state. Both approaches address similar questions about how concentrated political power is created in the state, and both offer similar answers. An analysis of the historical context based on Italian and Turkish experiences with deep-state entities like mafia and intelligence agencies helps us understand dysfunctional elites in action. Consequently, the article explores research possibilities and theoretical solutions combining elitists view of politics with historical data.
‘To Speak to the Hegemon’: The Visions of Soviet Past in the History Coursebooks of Central Asia Countries
Authors: Kuryłowicz Michał
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the content of history coursebooks in selected republics of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The author focuses on the matter that is less frequently interpreted but nevertheless has a significant influence on the societies – the most recent editions of coursebooks on the national history of the 20th century. The republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan were chosen because in each of these states the Soviet heritage is debated for different reasons, and its evaluation is redefined to a different degree. The analysis focuses on the newest editions of coursebooks, written from the perspective of more than two decades of independence; they were also revised and expanded during the periods of increased political dynamics in all three countries: in Kyrgyzstan, after two sudden changes of the government; in Uzbekistan, after the death of Islam Karimov; and in Kazakhstan, after Nursultan Nazarbayev’s voluntary stepping down from the office of the president of the republic. The author pays special attention to the differences in various national historical narratives relating to the key historical events of the Soviet period (from the point of view of Central Asian countries): the creation of national republics within the Soviet Union, the participation of republics of this region in the events of World War II, the process of the collapse of the USSR. The author juxtaposes the contemporary historical narrative with the parallel historical policy in these republics. The author also points to the degree of closeness of today’s historical narrative in Central Asia to the narrative developed during the Soviet period. Such a comparison shows significant differences between the analyzed countries in the degree of change of the language base developed in the Soviet period. The study also shows a different tendency to reject the Soviet historical concept. This indirectly gives an answer to the question of the possibility of liberating today’s Central Asian historical narrative from the ‘complex of hegemon’, which is characteristic of postcolonial countries.
Rescue and Firefighting Operations During Incidents Involving Alternatively Powered Vehicles. Gas Propulsion
Authors: Jan Kielin  , Jacek Zboina  , Grzegorz Bugaj  , Jacek Zalech  , Damian Bąk
Published: June 2023

Aim: The purpose of this article is to present the most important information and conclusions about gas-powered motor vehicles and the associated risks during fires and local emergencies. An additional area of consideration for the article’s authors is the challenges that emergency services may encounter during rescue and firefighting operations involving such vehicles. Introduction: Technological advances in propulsion systems used in vehicles and machinery pose a variety of challenges for fire protection. It results in the evolution of known threats and the emergence of new ones. Among other things, these developments have a significant impact on the technologies of rescue operations during fires and traffic accidents involving vehicles with different propulsion systems (increasingly using gaseous fuels). Equally important is ensuring fire safety when operating such vehicles. Methodology: On the basis of a review and analysis of the literature on the subject, as well as available research results, conclusions have been formu- lated regarding the fire safety of gas-powered vehicles. Aspects relevant to conducting rescue and firefighting operations involving such vehicles were taken into account. Conclusions: Necessary measures to improve fire protection, including the conduct of effective rescue and firefighting operations during incidents involving alternatively powered vehicles include: 1. Keeping as accurate a record as possible of fires and local emergencies involving the vehicles in question. 2. Urgently developed and updated educational materials that allow training, both for the rescuers and commanders of KSRG units, in blended learning mode, and systematically conducted such training. An example of this is the educational platform prepared by CNBOP-PIB in 2009 for OSP rescuers (rescue operations) and rural residents (handling emergency situations). The platform is still in place today, and although it needs updating, it has been used successfully for many years for training and professional development of a wide range of the rescuers. 3. A rescue database of vehicles involved in incidents urgently prepared and made available to the rescuers of firefighting units that are part of the KSRG. Such a base should be established immediately or be available on terms convenient to the rescue units (such as CRS or ERG). Keywords: alternative propulsion, CNG, LNG, methane, LPG, ethane, propane, methanol, fuel cells, emergency cards, fire safety
Analysis of Selected Issues of the CPR Proposal, Taking into Account the Specifics of Fire Alarm Systems
Authors: Grzegorz Mroczko  , Robert Śliwiński
Published: June 2023

Aim: The purpose of this publication is to present the results of ongoing theoretical research – an assessment of the newly proposed regulation that will replace Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing harmonized conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC. The purpose of the conducted research was to analyse and compare the legal provisions. Introduction: Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council is a document that regulates the marketing of almost all construction products in the European Union. After 11 years since the publication of Regulation 305/2011, and less than 10 since its full entry into force, the European Commission has published on its website a proposal for a regulation that will ultimately replace today’s EU-wide regulation in 2025. The changes are, among other things, an outcome of the Commission’s 2016 report on the implementation of the regulation, which identified deficiencies in its implementation and a significant number of problems related to standardization, among other issues. This state of affairs was confirmed by the 2021 report of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Commission. Methodology: The authors used theoretical research, such as analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, generalization, inference, comparison and analogy. An analysis was performed of the current regulation and compared with the proposal for a new regulation, which has been published by the European Commission and is publicly available to all citizens. Conclusions: The presented analysis of the proposed regulation, which is ultimately intended to replace the existing European regulation, shows that the implementation of the new (amended) act may contribute to the complexity of the processes involved in the marketing of construction products within the European Union. The document itself is characterized by a high degree of complexity, in which, under the banner of simplification and unification of the construction product market, among other things, the scope of the European Commission’s powers is expanded, new obligations are introduced for the manufacturers of construction products, notified bodies assessing products, and new requirements for products and a new type of declaration are introduced. Its implementation will be a major challenge for EU member states and all players in the construction products market. Keywords: construction products, regulation 305/2011, European regulations, marketing of construction products
Development of the Future Primary School Teachers’ Critical Thinking in the Process of Studying the General Foundations of Pedagogy
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Cherviakova Nataliia
Published: June 2023

The article presents the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of the future primary school teachers’ critical thinking in the process of studying the general foundations of pedagogy. The article highlights the scientific approaches to the essence of the concept of «critical thinking» in the works of both domestic and foreign researchers, the main features of critical thinking in the context of the current socio-cultural situation. The requirements of the professional standard for the training of the future teachers for critical thinking of educational specialists, the peculiarities of critical thinking of the future primary school teachers are revealed. The barriers to critical thinking of the future primary school teachers, the methods of diagnosing the peculiarities of critical thinking of the students are determined. The directions of development of critical thinking of the future primary school teachers in the process of studying the general foundations of pedagogy are presented: creation and analysis of problem situations that stimulate the development of critical thinking; training in critical analysis of scientific and pedagogical texts; forming skills to understand, build and critically evaluate the arguments in the process of analyzing scientific and pedagogical texts, pedagogical situations.