bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-line-of-sight Imaging with Partial Occluders and Surface Normals
Authors: Heide Felix , O’Toole Matthew , Zang Kai , Lindell David B. , Diamond Steven , Wetzstein Gordon
Published: May 2019

Imaging objects obscured by occluders is a significant challenge for many applications. A camera that could “see around corners” could help improve navigation and mapping capabilities of autonomous vehicles or make search and rescue missions more effective. Time-resolved single-photon imaging systems have recently been demonstrated to record optical information of a scene that can lead to an estimation of the shape and reflectance of objects hidden from the line of sight of a camera. However, existing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reconstruction algorithms have been constrained in the types of light transport effects they model for the hidden scene parts. We introduce a factored NLOS light transport representation that accounts for partial occlusions and surface normals. Based on this model, we develop a factorization approach for inverse time-resolved light transport and demonstrate high-fidelity NLOS reconstructions for challenging scenes both in simulation and with an experimental NLOS imaging system.
A Neural Semantic Parser for Math Problems Incorporating Multi-Sentence Information
Authors: Sun Ruiyong , Zhao Yijia , Zhang Qi , Ding Keyu , Wang Shijin , Wei Cui
Published: May 2019

In this article, we study the problem of parsing a math problem into logical forms. It is an essential pre-processing step for automatically solving math problems. Most of the existing studies about semantic parsing mainly focused on the single-sentence level. However, for parsing math problems, we need to take the information of multiple sentences into consideration. To achieve the task, we formulate the task as a machine translation problem and extend the sequence-to-sequence model with a novel two-encoder architecture and a word-level selective mechanism. For training and evaluating the proposed method, we construct a large-scale dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed two-encoder architecture and word-level selective mechanism could bring significant improvement. The proposed method can achieve better performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
Simulated Annealing-based Ontology Matching
Authors: Mohammadi Majid , Hofman Wout , Tan Yao-Hua
Published: May 2019

Ontology alignment is a fundamental task to reconcile the heterogeneity among various information systems using distinct information sources. The evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been already considered as the primary strategy to develop an ontology alignment system. However, such systems have two significant drawbacks: they either need a ground truth that is often unavailable, or they utilize the population-based EAs in a way that they require massive computation and memory. This article presents a new ontology alignment system, called SANOM, which uses the well-known simulated annealing as the principal technique to find the mappings between two given ontologies while no ground truth is available. In contrast to population-based EAs, the simulated annealing need not generate populations, which makes it significantly swift and memory-efficient for the ontology alignment problem. This article models the ontology alignment problem as optimizing the fitness of a state whose optimum is obtained by using the simulated annealing. A complex fitness function is developed that takes advantage of various similarity metrics including string, linguistic, and structural similarities. A randomized warm initialization is specially tailored for the simulated annealing to expedite its convergence. The experiments illustrate that SANOM is competitive with the state-of-the-art and is significantly superior to other EA-based systems.
Apocynin and Tempol ameliorate dietary sodium-induced declines in cutaneous microvascular function in salt-resistant humans
Authors: Ramick Meghan G. , Brian Michael S. , Matthews Evan L. , Patik Jordan C. , Seals Douglas R. , Lennon Shannon L. , Farquhar William B. , Edwards David G.
Published: May 2019

It has previously been shown that high dietary salt impairs vascular function independent of changes in blood pressure. Rodent studies suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species mediate the deleterious effect of high salt on the vasculature, and here we translate these findings to humans. Twenty-nine healthy adults (34 ± 2 yr) participated in a controlled feeding study. Participants completed 7 days of a low-sodium diet (LS; 20 mmol sodium/day) and 7 days of a high-sodium diet (HS; 300 mmol sodium/day) in random order. All participants were salt resistant, defined as a ≤5-mmHg change in 24-h mean BP determined while on the LS and HS diets. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating (42°C) during local delivery of Ringer’s ( n = 29), 20 mM ascorbic acid (AA; n = 29), 10 µM Tempol ( n = 22), and 100 µM apocynin ( n = 22). Additionally, endothelial cells were obtained in a subset of participants from an antecubital vein and stained for nitrotyrosine ( n = 14). Cutaneous vasodilation was attenuated by the HS diet compared with LS [LS 93.0 ± 2.2 vs. HS 86.8 ± 2.0 percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax); P < 0.05] and was restored by AA during the HS diet (AA 90.7 ± 1.2 %CVCmax; P < 0.05 vs. HS). Cutaneous vasodilation was also restored with the local infusion of both apocynin ( P < 0.01) and Tempol ( P < 0.05) on the HS diet. Nitrotyrosine expression was increased on the HS diet compared with LS ( P < 0.05). These findings provide direct evidence of dietary sodium-induced endothelial cell oxidative stress and suggest that NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species contribute to sodium-induced declines in microvascular function.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-sodium diets have deleterious effects on vascular function, likely mediating, in part, the increased cardiovascular risk associated with a high sodium intake. Local infusion of apocynin and Tempol improved microvascular function in salt-resistant adults on a high-salt diet, providing evidence that reactive oxygen species contribute to impairments in microvascular function from high salt. This study provides insight into the blood pressure-independent mechanisms by which dietary sodium impairs vascular function.

Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/dietary-sodium-oxidative-stress-and-microvascular-function/ .
Interactions of bile acids and the gut microbiota: learning from the differences inClostridium difficileinfection between children and adults
Authors: Cheng Sijing , Zhu Lixin , Faden Howard S.
Published: May 2019

Bile acids and microbiota differ significantly in the gut of children and adults. In the first 3 yr of life, intestinal bile consists mostly of two primary bile acids, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA); however, in adults, primary bile acids are transformed into the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid. This difference has a major impact on the gut microbiome, especially on anaerobic spore-forming bacteria. CA augments germination of spores in the terminal ileum. On the other hand, DCA curtails the number of germinated anaerobes entering the cecum from the terminal ileum. The control mechanism that exists in the adult cecum is absent in the young child and results in unrestrained proliferation of anaerobes, such as Clostridium difficile, in the cecum. A similar situation may develop during antibiotic therapy when an antibiotic eradicates the anaerobic population capable of converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids.
PPARG Pro12Ala Ala carriers exhibit greater improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity in response to 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training
Authors: Blond Martin Bæk , Schnurr Theresia Maria , Rosenkilde Mads , Quist Jonas Salling , Gram Anne Sofie , Reichkendler Michala Holm , Auerbach Pernille Landrock , Nordby Pernille , Skovgaard Lene Theil , Ribel-Madsen Rasmus , Justesen Johanne Marie , Kilpeläinen Tuomas Oskari , Ploug Thorkil , Stallknecht Bente Merete , Hansen Torben
Published: May 2019

The Ala allele of PPARG Pro12Ala ( rs1801282 ) is associated with greater improvements to the glucose metabolism in exercise studies, but whether this extends to peripheral insulin sensitivity is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of PPARG Pro12Ala on exercise-induced changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity. A total of 124 (91 Pro homozygotes and 33 Ala carriers) previously physically inactive healthy young men and women with overweight or class 1 obesity who completed a 12 wk aerobic exercise intervention were included in the analysis. All participants underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before and after the 12 wk intervention. The prescribed exercise frequency was 5–7 days/wk, and the exercise energy expenditure was 2,100 4,200 kcal/wk for men and 1,600 kcal/wk for women. Insulin sensitivity improved significantly in both genotype groups. However, Ala carriers had a 1.13-fold (95% confidence interval 1.01; 1.26, P = 0.032) greater improvement in insulin sensitivity from baseline compared with Pro homozygotes. Our data support that PPARG Pro12Ala modifies the effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control and Lifestyle Factors in Young to Middle-Aged Adults with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Garshick Michael S. , Vaidean Georgeta D. , Vani Anish , Underberg James A. , Newman Jonathan D. , Berger Jeffrey S. , Fisher Edward A. , Gianos Eugenia
Published: May 2019

Background: While progress in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been noted over the past several decades, there are still those who develop CVD earlier in life than others. Objective: We investigated traditional and lifestyle CVD risk factors in young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with a new diagnosis of obstructive CAD undergoing coronary intervention was performed. Young to middle-aged patients were defined as those in the youngest quartile (n = 281, mean age 50 ± 6 years, 81% male) compared to the other three older quartiles combined (n = 799, mean age 69 ± 7.5 years, 71% male). Obstructive CAD was determined by angiography. Results: Young to middle-aged patients compared to older ones were more likely to be male (p < 0.01), smokers (21 vs. 9%, p < 0.001), and have a higher body mass index (31 ± 6 vs. 29 ± 6 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Younger patients were less likely to eat fruits, vegetables, and fish and had fewer controlled CVD risk factors (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.0 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). Compared to older patients, higher levels of psychological stress (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4), financial stress (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.5), and low functional capacity (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4–4.5) were noted in the young to middle-aged population as well. Conclusion: Lifestyle in addition to traditional CVD risk factors should be taken into account when evaluating risk for development of CVD in a younger population.
Analysis of Biological Properties of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Effect on Mouse Hind Limb Ischemia
Authors: García-Vázquez María-Dolores , Herrero de la Parte Borja , García-Alonso Ignacio , Morales María-Celia
Published: May 2019

Background: Due to their self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis-inducing capacity, human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) have potential clinical applications in the treatment of limb ischemia. AMSC from healthy donors have been shown to induce neovascularization in animal models. However, when cells were obtained from donors suffering from any pathology, their autologous application showed limited effectiveness. We studied whether liposuction niche and obesity could determine the regenerative properties of cells meaning that not all cell batches are suitable for clinical practice. Methods: AMSC obtained from 10 donors, obese and healthy, were expanded in vitro following a good manufacturing practice-like production protocol. Cell viability, proliferation kinetics, morphological analysis, phenotype characterization, and stemness potency were assessed over the course of the expansion process. AMSC selected for having the most suitable biological properties were used as an experimental treatment in a preclinical mouse model of hind limb ischemia. Result: All cell batches were positively characterized as mesenchymal stem cells, but not all of them showed the same properties or were successfully expanded in vitro, depending on the characteristics of the donor and the extraction area. Notably, AMSC from the abdomen of obese donors showed undesirable biological properties. AMSC with low duplication times and multilineage differentiation potential and forming large densely packed colonies, were able, following expansion in vitro, to increase neovascularization and repair when implanted in the ischemic tissue of mice. Conclusion: An extensive AMSC biological properties study could be useful to predict the potential clinical efficacy of cells before in vivo transplantation. Thus, peripheral ischemia and possibly other pathologies could benefit from stem cell treatments as shown in our preclinical model in terms of tissue damage repair and regeneration after ischemic injury.
Sirolimus-Eluting Magnesium Resorbable Scaffold Implantation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ielasi Alfonso , Cerrato Enrico , Geraci Salvatore , Campo Gianluca , Garro Nadia , Leoncini Massimo , Sganzerla Paolo , Granata Francesco , Ruggiero Rossella , Varbella Ferdinando , Caramanno Giuseppe , Grigis Giulietta , Tespili Maurizio
Published: May 2019

To date, very little is known about the performance of a sirolimus-eluting bioresorbable magnesium scaffold (Mg-BRS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A multicenter cohort analysis was performed on 69 consecutive AMI subjects treated with Mg-BRS. Procedural success was obtained in all cases, and no in-hospital events were reported. At 9-month follow-up, no cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization, or Mg-BRS thrombosis was reported. Although our analysis showed encouraging results, larger studies and longer-term follow-up are needed to better understand the potential benefits associated with the use of a Mg-BRS in AMI patients.
Cytogenetic Characterization of Two Metynnis Species (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) Reveals B Chromosomes Restricted to the Females
Authors: Favarato Ramon M. , Braga Ribeiro Leila , Ota Rafaela P. , Nakayama Celeste M. , Feldberg Eliana
Published: May 2019

Karyotypes and chromosomal characteristics with focus on B chromosomes of 2 species of the serrasalmid genus Metynnis, namely M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus, were examined using conventional (C-banding) and molecular (FISH mapping of minor and major rDNAs and Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements) protocols. Both species possessed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 62 and karyotypes composed of 32 metacentric + 28 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric and 32 metacentric + 26 submetacentric + 4 subtelocentric, respectively; one small B element was found in the female genome of M. lippincottianus. C-banding revealed heterochromatin in the pericentromeric and terminal portions of all chromosomes of both species; the B chromosome was entirely heterochromatic. FISH showed 18S rDNA sites in 2 chromosome pairs in both species (pairs 19 and 22), and a large block in the B chromosome, while 5S rDNA signals were detected in the first pair of subtelocentric chromosomes in both species, moreover in M. maculatus an additional labeled pair 4 was observed. Mapping of the Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 retrotransposable elements in the genomes of M. lippincottianus and M. maculatus indicated that they were dispersed throughout nearly all the chromosomes of the complement, except for the B chromosome of M. lippincottianus.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue Characterization for Cancer‐Associated Cardiac Masses: Metabolic and Prognostic Manifestations in Relation to Whole‐Body Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Chan Angel T. , Fox Josef , Perez Johnston Rocio , Kim Jiwon , Brouwer Lillian R. , Grizzard John , Kim Raymond J. , Matasar Mathew , Shia Jinru , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Steingart Richard , Weinsaft Jonathan W.
Published: May 2019

Background

Cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR)
differentiates neoplasm from thrombus via contrast enhancement; positron emission tomography (
PET)
assesses metabolism. The relationship between
CMR
contrast enhancement and metabolism on
PET
is unknown.

Methods and Results

The population included 121 cancer patients undergoing
CMR
and
18
F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (
18
F‐
FDG)
–
PET
, including 66 with cardiac masses and cancer‐matched controls. Cardiac mass etiology (neoplasm, thrombus) on
CMR
was defined by late gadolinium enhancement;
PET
was read blinded to
CMR
for diagnostic performance, then colocalized to measure
FDG
avidity. Of
CMR
‐evidenced thrombi (all nonenhancing), none were detected by
PET
. For neoplasm,
PET
yielded reasonable sensitivity (70–83%) and specificity (75–88%). Lesions undetected by
PET
were more likely to be highly mobile (
P
=0.001) despite similar size (
P
=0.33). Among nonmobile neoplasms,
PET
sensitivity varied in relation to extent of
CMR
‐evidenced avascularity; detection of diffusely enhancing or mixed lesions was higher versus predominantly avascular neoplasms (87% versus 63%). Colocalized analyses demonstrated 2‐ to 4‐fold higher
FDG
uptake in neoplasm versus thrombus (
P
<0.001);
FDG
uptake decreased stepwise when neoplasms were partitioned based on extent of avascularity on late gadolinium enhancement CMR (
P
≤0.001). Among patients with neoplasm, signal‐to‐noise ratio on late gadolinium enhancement CMR moderately correlated with standardized uptake values on
PET
(
r
=0.42–0.49,
P
<0.05). Mortality was higher among patients with
CMR
‐evidenced neoplasm versus controls (hazard ratio: 1.99 [95%
CI,
1.1–3.6];
P
=0.03) despite nonsignificant differences when partitioned via
FDG
avidity (hazard ratio: 1.56 [95%
CI,
0.85–2.74];
P
=0.16). Among FDG‐positive neoplasms detected concordantly with
CMR
, mortality risk versus cancer‐matched controls was equivalently increased (hazard ratio: 2.12 [95%
CI,
1.01–4.44];
P
=0.047).

Conclusions

CMR
contrast enhancement provides a criterion for neoplasm that parallels
FDG
‐evidenced metabolic activity and stratifies prognosis. Extent of tissue avascularity on late gadolinium enhancement CMR affects cardiac mass identification by
FDG
‐
PET
.
First record of the cicadas genus Orientopsaltria Kato, 1944 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from Vietnam, with description of one new species
Authors: PHAM THAI-HONG , NGUYEN THI HUYEN , CONSTANT JEROME
Published: May 2019

A new species of cicada, Orientopsaltria dongnaiensis sp. nov., (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is described from southern Vietnam. Photos of the adult, illustrations of the male genitalia, a distribution map and biological data are provided.
Review of the genus Suwallia (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from China with description of Suwallia jihuae sp. nov. from Sichuan Province
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG
Published: May 2019

A new species of the chloroperlid genus Suwallia Ricker, 1943, S. jihuae sp. nov. from Sichuan Province of southwestern China is described, illustrated and compared with similar taxa. The male of the new species is distinguished from other known Chinese Suwallia species by the H-shaped sclerite on tergum 10. The distribution and taxonomy of the males of the five-known species of Suwallia from China are reviewed. A key to the adult males known from China is provided.
A new Grapholita species from Sumatra, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Grapholitini)
Authors: HEPPNER JOHN B. , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: May 2019

A new species, Grapholita diehli n. sp., is described and illustrated from northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Among numerous new species of Tortricidae from Indonesia is one represented by a single specimen collected in Sumatra in 1992. Extensive sampling by many collectors over the past two centuries has resulted in no additional specimens of this unusual moth. The new species is the first described tortricid with a large light area apically in the hindwing; numerous other species have the hindwing highlighted overall, only basally, or not at all. The more typical condition is uniformly colored hindwings.
Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China
Authors: LIU H. , LIU X. , ZÁGORŠEK K.
Published: May 2019

Twenty-one species of cyclostome bryozoans are described from the coast of Qingdao (South Yellow Sea, China), belonging to 11 genera (Filicrisia, Crisia, Tubulipora, Exidmonea, Idmidronea, Qingdaoella n. gen., Nevianipora, Hemipustulopora, Microeciella, Patinella and Disporella). One genus (Qingdaoella n. gen.) and 10 species are new, while an additional species is reported for the first time from China. The most similar bryozoan assemblages to the Chinese cyclostomes described here are reported from the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific.
Review of amphipods of the genus Cryptodius Moore, 1992 (Amphipoda: Ochlesidae) from the coastal waters of Sakhalin Island (Far East of Russia)
Authors: LABAY VJACHESLAV S.
Published: May 2019

Based on new material, the new species of the genus Cryptodius is described: C. sakhalinensis sp. nov. from north-east shelf of Sakhalin Island. Keys to the world species of the genus Cryptodius is provided. Cladistic analysis of morphological relationships within genera Cryptodius and Odius are implemented.
Shortwave Spectral Radiative Signatures and Their Physical Controls
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Chiu J. Christine , Gurney Robert J. , Shine Keith P. , Havemann Stephan , Thelen Jean-Claude , Hill Peter G.
Published: May 2019

The spectrum of reflected solar radiation emerging at the top of the atmosphere is rich with Earth system information. To identify spectral signatures in the reflected solar radiation and directly relate them to the underlying physical properties controlling their structure, over 90 000 solar reflectance spectra are computed over West Africa in 2010 using a fast radiation code employing the spectral characteristics of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY). Cluster analysis applied to the computed spectra reveals spectral signatures related to distinct surface properties, and cloud regimes distinguished by their spectral shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE). The cloud regimes exhibit a diverse variety of mean broadband SWCREs, and offer an alternative approach to define cloud type for SWCRE applications that does not require any prior assumptions. The direct link between spectral signatures and distinct physical properties extracted from clustering remains robust between spatial scales of 1, 20, and 240 km, and presents an excellent opportunity to understand the underlying properties controlling real spectral reflectance observations. Observed SCIAMACHY spectra are assigned to the calculated spectral clusters, showing that cloud regimes are most frequent during the active West African monsoon season of June–October in 2010, and all cloud regimes have a higher frequency of occurrence during the active monsoon season of 2003 compared with the inactive monsoon season of 2004. Overall, the distinct underlying physical properties controlling spectral signatures show great promise for monitoring evolution of the Earth system directly from solar spectral reflectance observations.
A Case of Antibiotic-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Gilbert Brian Wesley , Gabriel Ali , Velazquez Laura
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a 75 year-old patient who was taking concomitant ciprofloxacin and metronidazole. Method: Case report Results: A patient had been prescribed ciprofloxacin and metronidazole during a recent hospitalization and continued this regimen outpatient. Two weeks after discharge and 3 weeks after initiation of her regimen, she was brought to the emergency department after developing acute weakness and lightheadedness. After admission, the patient declined more rapidly and began seizing with subsequent intubation. Initial computed tomographic (CT) imaging showed no acute neurological abnormalities, and a sepsis workup was initiated. After negative CT, a magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed that showed a T2 flair and hyperdensity consistent with PRES. The final diagnosis was considered to be PRES secondary to ciprofloxacin/metronidazole utilization. Conclusion: Antibiotic induced PRES is a condition that needs to be explored more thoroughly.
Earth pressure prediction in sealed chamber of shield machine based on parallel least squares support vector machine optimized by cooperative particle swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Zhang Kaiju
Published: May 2019

Earth pressure in sealed chamber is affected by multisystem and multifield coupling during shield tunneling process, so it is difficult to establish a mechanism earth pressure control model. Therefore, a data-driven modeling method of earth pressure in sealed chamber is proposed, which is based on parallel least squares support vector machine optimized by parallel cooperative particle swarm (parallel cooperative particle swarm optimization-partial least squares support vector machine). The vectors are parallel studied according to different hierarchies firstly, then the initial classifiers are updated by using cross-feedback method to retrain the vectors, and finally the vectors are merged to obtain the support vectors. The parameters of least squares support vector machine are optimized by the parallel cooperative particle swarm optimization, so as to predict quickly for large-scale data. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out based on in-site measured data, and the results show that the method has high computing efficiency and prediction accuracy. The method has directive significance for engineering application.
Stress relaxation and strain recovery phenomena during curing and thermomechanical loading: Thermorheologically simple viscoelastic analysis
Authors: Saseendran Sibin , Berglund Daniel , Varna Janis
Published: May 2019

Stress relaxation and strain recovery phenomena during curing and changed thermal conditions are analyzed using a viscoelastic model developed for thermorheologically complex materials (VisCoR). By making several simplifying assumptions regarding the material behavior, the incremental form of the VisCoR model is reformulated to a version describing thermorheologically simple material and presented in one-dimension for simplicity. The model (called VisCoR-simple) is used to analyze material behavior under various conditions, including stress relaxation behavior at varying temperatures and time scales; tensile loading and unloading tests at high temperatures; stress build up and “frozen-in” strains during curing and following cool-down and strain recovery during the next step of heating. Furthermore, the differences between the so-called “path-dependent” model, which is a linear elastic model with different elastic properties in glassy and rubbery regions, and the presented viscoelastic model are studied. The path-dependent model is an extreme case of the viscoelastic model presented. The importance of considering viscoelasticity when considering temperature and curing effects on polymers and the shortcomings of the path-dependent model are revealed and discussed.
The Black-White Paradox Revisited: Understanding the Role of Counterbalancing Mechanisms during Adolescence
Authors: Louie Patricia , Wheaton Blair
Published: May 2019

The tendency for blacks to report similar or better mental health than whites has served as an enduring paradox in the mental health literature for the past three decades. However, a debate persists about the mechanisms that underlie this paradox. Drawing on the stress process framework, we consider the counterbalancing roles of self-esteem and traumatic stress exposure in understanding the “black-white paradox” among U.S. adolescents. Using nationally representative data, we observe that blacks have higher levels of self-esteem than whites but also encounter higher levels of traumatic stress exposure. Adjusting for self-esteem reveals a net higher rate of mood disorders and distress among blacks relative to whites, and differences in traumatic stress exposure mediate this association. In the full model, we show that self-esteem and stress exposure offset each other, resulting in a null association between race and mood disorders and a reduced association between race and distress.
(Transport) history as policy lab for democratic governance
Authors: Toussaint Bert
Published: May 2019

In the past decades we witnessed a rise of public participation in transport and land-use projects, and often those practices have been formalised in a solid juridical framework. In the Netherlands and other EU-countries, the cornerstones of this participatory planning framework are the Environmental Impact Study and the Environment Impact Assessment. However, historical appraisals of the impact of these instruments on participatory processes are lacking. Using the case study of the contested Dutch motorway project passing through the Amelisweerd forest (1970s), this paper aims to appraise the role of deliberative democracy concepts and practices. This paper is a plea for a novel academic agenda driven by the research questions: to what extent have participatory processes in transport, land-use and water management policies had an impact on deliberative democracy concepts and practices? Which role did citizens and users have in shaping the decision-making process?
The Potentials and Difficulties of Transnational Populism: The Case of the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25)
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Moffitt Benjamin , Panayotu Panos , Stavrakakis Yannis
Published: May 2019

The Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25), launched by former Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis, seeks to construct a transnational left political project to ‘democratise Europe’. Its construction of a European ‘people’ against an international elite raises questions about the potentials of populism beyond the nation-state. Building on a discourse-theoretical distinction between populism and nationalism, the article asks whether DiEM25 is a truly transnational populist movement. Through an analysis of the movement’s manifestoes, speeches, press releases and published interviews with DiEM25 leaders, the article shows how DiEM25 constructs a ‘European people’ in opposition to an international ‘elite’, how DiEM25 oscillates between speaking for national ‘peoples’ and a transnational ‘people’, and how it negotiates its populism, nationalism and transnationalism. The article contributes to the theorisation of populism beyond the usually assumed nation-state level and shines a light on the potentials and limitations of transnational populism as an as-yet understudied political development.
Knowing Individuals: Fingerprinting, Policing, and the Limits of Professionalization in 1920s Beijing
Authors: Asen Daniel
Published: May 2019

This article examines the adoption of modern fingerprinting in early twentieth-century China through a case study of the Fingerprint Society, an association affiliated with the Ministry of Interior’s police academy that was active in 1920s Beijing. The members of this association viewed fingerprinting as both a technique that could be used to demonstrate China’s adoption of globally accepted standards of policing and justice and a body of academic knowledge that could form the basis for a would-be profession of fingerprinting experts. While the Fingerprint Society ultimately failed to accomplish its profession-building goals, its activities nonetheless shed light on an early moment in the history of new identification practices in China as well as on dynamics that have shaped the global history of fingerprinting as an area of modern expert knowledge located ambiguously between policing and science.
Velocity pointing error reduction for symmetric spinning spacecraft via a two-burn scheme
Authors: Liang Zhenhua , Liao Wenhe , Zhang Xiang
Published: May 2019

During axial thrusting of a symmetric spinning spacecraft, misalignment and center-of-mass offset can cause unwanted body-fixed torques. The two-burn scheme is applied to eliminate velocity pointing error. Solutions for angular velocity, Euler angle, and inertial velocity with nonzero initial conditions are derived in a new form for axisymmetric spacecraft with constant mass. Simulations show that the solutions closely match numerical simulations and the two-burn scheme decrease the velocity pointing error obviously. Based on the solutions, the effect of two-burn scheme is analyzed. The results show that the spacecraft will obtain the minimum velocity pointing error if the burn and coast times are controlled accurately. Also, the two-burn scheme allows for a lower spin rate and the spacecraft can be maneuvered at nonzero initial conditions compared with the continuous thrust scheme.
Novel Pulmonary Function Parameter Shifts in High-Grade Upper Airway Stenoses
Authors: Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Adolph Oliver , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Thierauf Julia , Veit Johannes Adrian
Published: May 2019

Upper airway stenosis (UAS) is a common problem for anesthesiologists in laryngology as well as head and neck surgery, but it may lead to life-threatening situations if it is undetected. This retrospective case series was performed on patients who had UAS and presented with severe dyspnea or encountered difficulties in airway management. To assess the severity of UAS, the degree of stenosis was calculated using computed tomography scans and direct endoscopy. Lung function test was collected, and measured values were extracted as percentage of predicted reference values. Lower and higher grade stenoses were defined by Cotton-Myer classification and median degree of stenosis. Median of detected stenoses was 73% (64%-85%), with 7 of 10 patients classified as Cotton-Myer grade 3. Lung function tests showed typical parameter shifts as known from obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs). Furthermore, statistical analyses showed a significant higher value of residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) in patients with higher grade stenosis ( P < .05), whereas forced expiratory volume in 1 second /vital capacity (FEV1/VC) did not show a significant difference in same subgroups. In conclusion, the elevation of RV/TLC with concomitant normal FEV1/VC in symptomatic patients could be used to demarcate rare UAS from common OPD. Moreover, RV–TLC ratio might be used to distinguish between low- and high-grade UAS. But further epidemiological studies will be necessary to validate these findings.

Level of evidence: 4.
Staphylococcus lentus Sinusitis: A New Sinonasal Pathogen
Authors: Hay Casey Y. , Sherris David A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

The pathogens most commonly associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis include Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The pathogens most commonly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis include Staphylococcus aureus and various anaerobic organisms, including Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This case report illustrates a case of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with the Staphylococcus lentus organism, a well-known animal pathogen that has never been documented in the sinonasal cavity before.

Methods:

The medical records of an adult patient who presented to the otolaryngology office were reviewed. The literature available was reviewed.

Results:

A 62-year-old man presented with chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical management. He was taken to the operating room for functional endoscopic sinus surgery and cultures were obtained, which returned positive for Staphylococcus lentus. He had no known animal contacts at home or work. He improved with surgery and appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions:

Staphylococcus lentus has never before been reported as a human pathogen in the sinonasal cavities. Otolaryngologists must routinely obtain cultures of mucus or tissue during sinus surgery in order to ensure appropriate antibiotic treatment after surgery and resolution of patient symptoms.
Modeling the consequences of the transition to parenthood: Applications of panel regression methods
Authors: Perales Francisco
Published: May 2019

The transition to parenthood is a topic of substantial interest to family researchers across the social sciences, and many theoretical paradigms have been invoked to understand how it affects men’s and women’s lives. While early empirical scholarship on the transition to parenthood relied on cross-sectional data and methods, the increasing availability of panel data has opened up new analytical pathways—including the possibility to track the same individuals over time as they approach and experience parenthood and their children grow older. By making full use of longitudinal data, researchers can both improve estimation of the consequences of parenthood, as well as advance knowledge by testing more nuanced and complex theoretical premises involving time dynamics. In this article, I present an overview of panel regression models, a family of specifications that can be leveraged for these purposes. In doing so, I discuss the data requirements, advantages and disadvantages of different models, pointing to useful examples of published research. The approaches considered include random effects and fixed effects panel regression models, specifications to model linear and nonlinear time dynamics, and specifications to handle dyadic data structures. The use of these techniques is exemplified via an application considering the effect of motherhood on time pressure using long-running panel data from an Australian national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey ( n = 68,911 observations; 10,734 women).
Predictors for euthyroid sick syndrome and its impact on in-hospital clinical outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Wang Jiayang , Yuan Wen , Dong Ran , Liu Nan , Liu Dong , Zhou Yujie
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this cohort study was to investigate the independent relationship between euthyroid sick syndrome and in-hospital outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, and we also examined the direct correlation between pre- or intra-operative variables and the incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome.

Methods:

The present study enrolled high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 in Beijing Anzhen hospital, including 387 (58.7%) patients with coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome and 272 (41.3%) patients without coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome.

Results:

The mean age of euthyroid sick syndrome group was significantly older than that of no euthyroid sick syndrome group (65.9 ± 7.5 vs 60.9 ± 9.6, p < 0.0001). Compared with the control group, significantly higher proportions of patients with euthyroid sick syndrome had presented with the following clinical characteristics at hospital admission: moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (42.9% vs 28.7%, p < 0.0001), higher euroscore II (9.2 ± 4.1 vs 8.0 ± 3.9, p < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the total patients revealed that the independent risk factors for coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome were advanced age (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.09, p < 0.0001), higher euroscore II (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.11, p = 0.013), and moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio = 2.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.61-3.18, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, euthyroid sick syndrome was independently correlated with an increased risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (odds ratio = 3.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.64-7.02, p = 0.001) and post-infection (odds ratio = 8.11, 95% confidence interval = 3.97-16.57, p < 0.0001) Besides, we also confirmed coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome was associated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment maximum greater than 11 (odds ratio = 2.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.90-4.65, p < 0.0001), which predicted an in-hospital death rate of 95%, independently.

Conclusion:

Coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome exerted detrimental effects on short-term clinical outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Advanced age, higher euroscore II, and moderate and poor left ventricular ejection fraction were independent risk factors for coronary artery bypass grafting–associated euthyroid sick syndrome.
Early Intervention and Family-Centeredness in Spain: Description and Profile of Professional Practices
Authors: García-Grau Pau , Martínez-Rico Gabriel , McWilliam R. A. , Grau Dolores
Published: May 2019

Despite an emphasis on family-centered practices in early intervention, the translation of this philosophy into practice is unclear. We, therefore, measured practices of 250 early intervention service providers in Spain, with the Families in Natural Environments Scale of Service Evaluation. We analyzed the “difficulty” of practices, through Rasch analysis, and reasons for the discrepancy between typical and ideal practices, through qualitative analysis. Results showed that the typical high-quality practices were working with families and demonstrating strategies, whereas the typical low-quality practices were identifying family supports and letting the family set the agenda for the home visit. Lack of training was the most frequently reported reason for the discrepancy. Rasch analyses showed that the items participants were most likely to score low were identifying family supports, addressing families’ satisfaction with routines, and letting families set the agenda for the visit.
Ischemic lesion growth in acute stroke: Water uptake quantification distinguishes between edema and tissue infarct
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Hanning Uta , Faizy Tobias D , Scheibel Alexandra , Nawabi Jawed , Schön Gerhard , Forkert Nils D , Langner Soenke , Fiehler Jens , Gellißen Susanne , Kemmling Andre
Published: May 2019

Infarct growth from the early ischemic core to the total infarct lesion volume (LV) is often used as an outcome variable of treatment effects, but can be overestimated due to vasogenic edema. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess two components of early lesion growth by distinguishing between water uptake and true net infarct growth and (2) to investigate potential treatment effects on edema-corrected net lesion growth. Sixty-two M1-MCA-stroke patients with acute multimodal and follow-up CT (FCT) were included. Ischemic lesion growth was calculated by subtracting the initial CTP-derived ischemic core volume from the LV in the FCT. To determine edema-corrected net lesion growth, net water uptake of the ischemic lesion on FCT was quantified and subtracted from the volume of uncorrected lesion growth. The mean lesion growth without edema correction was 20.4 mL (95% CI: 8.2–32.5 mL). The mean net lesion growth after edema correction was 7.3 mL (95% CI: −2.1–16.7 mL; p < 0.0001). Lesion growth was significantly overestimated due to ischemic edema when determined in early-FCT imaging. In 18 patients, LV was lower than the initial ischemic core volume by CTP. These apparently “reversible” core lesions were more likely in patients with shorter times from symptom onset to imaging and higher recanalization rates.
Free Charging: Exploratory Study of Its Impact on Electric Vehicle Sales and Energy
Authors: Maness Michael , Lin Zhenhong
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the feasibility of further research into providing free public charging services. Charging behavior research has noted some increased usage of free charging facilities, but inferential analysis has not studied whether this increased usage is a result of decreased price solely or free is a special price. Recent research in other fields, such as behavioral economics and marketing, has analyzed whether people’s decision process varies between when a product’s price is “free” and when it has a positive price. Laboratory and field experiments have found that people treat zero as a special price and obtain additional benefit from purchasing a free product or obtaining a free product in a bundle. Because of a lack of data and study in the electric vehicle area, evaluating the effectiveness of free charging programs is currently difficult. This paper explores potential impacts of free charging on plug-in electric vehicle adoption by integrating empirical findings in marketing research with consumer choice modeling. A behavioral framework is proposed to represent the perceived benefit from free charging events. The Market Acceptance of Advanced Automotive Technologies (MA3T) model was modified to incorporate a value of free from free charging events. Results show that a short-term free public charging program could possibly increase plug-in electric vehicle sales, decrease oil consumption, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions at an efficient cost–benefit rate. This exploratory work motivates further study and the paper concludes with a discussion of research programs that could be used to determine a valuation for free charging.
Taxation in the Aviation Industry: Insights and Challenges
Authors: White Quinton , Agrawal David R. , Williams Jonathan W.
Published: May 2019

Taxation in the aviation industry has evolved considerably over the last 25 years. Despite the vital role aviation and airports play in efficiently moving goods and people, the effect of taxation in this industry is understudied. Understanding how passengers and carriers respond to taxes and government fees is crucial to efficiently raising government revenue. After an overview of how taxation has evolved in the industry, this paper estimates how fares adjust in response to tax changes. Exploiting variation in taxes across similar routes and over time, the results suggest taxes are over-shifted to consumers (i.e., a $1 increase in taxes results in more than a $1 increase in the total fare). The paper discusses potential explanations for this result: the nature of competition in the industry and the propagation of taxes within a network.