bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Pattern Recognition and Prediction of Bending-Active Thin Sheets via Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Xie Yuxin , Wang Xiang , Zhou Xinjie , Zhou Qiang
Published: January 2025

Currently, active-bending structures and their shape optimization techniques have become a hot topic in the design of spatial structures and freeform buildings. However, their form-finding process is usually time-consuming, and the application of finite element methods (FEM) requires huge computational effort. In the face of these challenges, artificial intelligence techniques have great potential for application and bring many important advantages to this field. In this paper, we propose a novel, data-driven, bidirectional prediction method based on artificial neural networks. It can both forward infer the bending deformation shapes of a thin plate under specific complex conditions and reverse infer the boundary conditions necessary for a given bending shape. In comparison to traditional active-bending simulation, the proposed method is quicker and simpler to utilize during the design process and facilitates reverse predictions. Communication between design and construction can be facilitated to ensure quality and efficiency in the construction of relevant bent structural components. It is experimentally demonstrated that the network can control the mean value of prediction deviation below 40 mm for a 4 m × 0.5 m aluminum plate.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis for Cross-Condition Scenarios Under Data Scarcity Based on Transformer Transfer Learning Network
Authors: Wu Miaoling , Zhang Jun , Xu Peidong , Liang Yingjie , Dai Yuxin , Gao Tianlu , Bai Yuyang
Published: January 2025

Motor-bearing fault diagnosis is critical for industrial equipment reliability, yet traditional data-driven methods require extensive labeled data, which are often scarce in real-world applications. To address this challenge, we propose a Transformer transfer learning network (TTLN) for accurate fault diagnosis under cross-condition scenarios, particularly when target domain data are limited. First, we develop a Transformer-based fault diagnosis model that captures long-range dependencies in sequential data through self-attention, achieving high accuracy under single operating conditions. Second, we introduce the TTLN framework, which integrates domain adaptation to align marginal and conditional distributions, enabling robust cross-condition fault diagnosis with minimal target domain samples. Finally, we validated the proposed method on the CWRU and PU datasets, demonstrating the TTLN’s superior performance in data-scarce scenarios. For example, the TTLN achieved over 95% accuracy with only 100 target samples, outperforming traditional methods and fine-tuning-based approaches. The results underscore the TTLN’s effectiveness in cross-condition fault diagnosis, offering a practical solution for industrial applications with limited labeled data.
Iterative Maximum Ratio Combining Detector for Satellite Multiple-Input Multiple-Output/Orthogonal Time–Frequency Space Systems Based on Soft-Symbol Interference Cancelation
Authors: Sun Meng , Zhang Qi , Yao Haipeng , Gao Ran , Li Jiayuan , Feng Weiying , Wang Fu , Li Xiaohu , Liu Xiangyu , Tian Feng , Tian Qinghua , Zhao Yi , Liu Liang , Wang Yuqi
Published: January 2025

Orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) modulation combined with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can simultaneously address the problems caused by multipath delay, the Doppler effect, and channel fading. To mitigate inter-subcarrier and inter-symbol interference in satellite–terrestrial MIMO-OTFS systems, an iterative maximum ratio combining detection algorithm based on hard-decision interference cancelation (ICH-IMRC) is proposed. The signal detection is iterated by performing MRC on the interference-canceled received symbols. To mitigate the error spread in the interference cancelation process, iterative maximum ratio combining detection based on soft symbol interference cancelation (S-IMRC) is proposed, which is improved based on ICH-IMRC. The interference cancelation is updated by the expectation of other symbols, and the expectation and variance of symbols are updated by soft judgment with the posterior probability of symbols. To improve the detection convergence speed, optimal relaxation parameters are obtained based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA). Simulation results show that the proposed S-IMRC has superior error rate performance compared to the conventional algorithms for satellite–terrestrial MIMO-OTFS systems. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applicable to various satellite channel models and achieves excellent BER for different orders of orthogonal amplitude-modulated signals and different antenna array sizes.
Supraharmonic Distortion at the Grid Connection Point of a Network Comprising a Photovoltaic System
Authors: Menti Anthoula , Pachos Pavlos , Psomopoulos Constantinos S.
Published: January 2025

Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems inject nonsinusoidal currents into the grid at the point of their connection. The technology of the inverter utilized for the conversion of DC power into AC is directly associated with distortion characteristics. Even though pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters generate considerably lower harmonic distortion than their predecessors, they are responsible for the emergence of a new power quality issue in distribution grids known as supraharmonics, which can cause problems such as overheating and malfunctions of equipment. PV systems are known sources of supraharmonics, but their impact has not yet been thoroughly researched. Due to the multitude of parameters affecting their performance, a more rigorous treatment is required compared to more common nonlinear devices. In this paper, emissions from a three-phase grid-connected PV system are examined by means of a dedicated simulation tool taking into account the specifics of inverter switching action without overly increasing computational cost. The impact of environmental parameters as well as factors affecting the switch control of the converter is investigated. The dependence of the supraharmonic emission of the PV system on the converter characteristics rather than environmental conditions is demonstrated. Furthermore, simulation studies on a network comprising the PV system and an additional supraharmonic-emitting system in simultaneous operation are conducted. Their combined effect on the distortion at the connection point of the network to the grid is assessed by means of a power flow-based approach, capable of quantifying interactions within this network. From the viewpoint of the grid, an increase of supraharmonic-related disturbance at low irradiance conditions is revealed.
Enhancing Voltage and Power Stability in Distribution System with Photovoltaic from the Benefits of Battery Energy Storage
Authors: Charlangsut Narate , Rugthaicharoencheep Nattachote
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a method of enhancing voltage and power stability in a distribution system with the photovoltaic benefits of battery energy storage. The objective is to use photovoltaic-distributed generation and a battery energy storage system in order to reduce power loss to a minimum and generate a voltage up to or above 0.95 p.u, which is the voltage standard in Thailand. This paper used MATLAB (Version R2024b-acdemic use) to conduct test experiments, and the system for the case studies is an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. There are five study cases in this paper. Case 1 is before the installation of the photovoltaic and battery energy storage system. Case 2 is the installation of the photovoltaic-distributed generator in four buses. Case 3 is the installation of the photovoltaic-distributed generator in only one bus. Case 4 is the installation of the photovoltaic distributed generator in two buses that have the most voltage drop. Case 5 is the installation of the photovoltaic-distributing generator in four buses and the battery energy storage system in two buses. The results show that Case 5 is the best because the voltage drop is never below 0.95 per unit or below the lowest power loss.
Evaluation of Particulate Emissions During Braking Tests in Technical–Mechanical Overhaul Workshops in Armenia-Quindío (Colombia)
Authors: Gómez Yepes Milena E. , Villamizar Vargas Rafael H. , Rendón García Olga L. , Cremades Lázaro V.
Published: January 2025

Brake testing of vehicles is one of the most important tests performed in technical–mechanical overhaul workshops (TMOWs). During this test, fine and ultrafine particles are emitted, exposing workers to health risks. A mixed descriptive observational study was conducted in 10 TMOWs in Armenia (Colombia), where particle sampling was performed using the NIOSH 0600 method. One third of the samples were sent for SEM analysis to determine their chemical composition and particle size. The average occupational exposure was 24.31 mg/m3, almost 10 times higher than the threshold limit value for ultrafine particles. The range of particle sizes was from 1.12 to 54.33 µm, with an arithmetic mean of 14.89 µm. The ultrafine size ranged from 198 nm to 798 nm. Traces of components of refractory materials, fiberglass, wollastonite, and thermoplastics, among others, typical of brake pads, were found. This research allows us to confirm the presence of fine and ultrafine particles in TMOW brake tests. Therefore, we recommend improvement actions based on epidemiological surveillance programs of the respiratory health of workers.
Healthcare Settings and Infection Prevention: Today’s Procedures in Light of the “Instructions for Disinfection” Issued During the 1817 Typhus Epidemic in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (Pre-Unification Italy)
Authors: Orsini Davide , Cristina Maria Luisa , Spagnolo Anna Maria , Minet Carola , Sartini Marina , Parrella Roberto , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Martini Mariano
Published: January 2025

Even today, healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) remain the most frequent and serious complications in healthcare, with a significant clinical and economic impact. The authors of this manuscript address the causes and conditions that determine this situation and describe them in comparison with the situation in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany more than two centuries ago and with the instructions that were issued at the time to contain the typhus epidemic of 1817, increase hospital sanitation, and disinfect houses. Today, we know that a crucial element in the fight against healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is the definition and implementation of best care practices and other measures, according to a combined program that must be tailored to each healthcare setting. In the early nineteenth century, these approaches originated from experience and chemical knowledge that were becoming established, opening the way to the ideas and experiments of Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis and later of Joseph Lister, who traced the path for the birth of hygiene. Two centuries later the pioneering vision of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany at the beginning of the 19th century, when preventive measures in the field of public health were still backward and underdeveloped, is still enlightening and surprisingly topical.
Multi-Level Temporal Variation of Sap Flux Densities in Oil Palm
Authors: Ahongshangbam Joyson , Hölscher Dirk , Hendrayanto  , Röll Alexander
Published: January 2025

Oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are increasingly cultivated throughout the humid tropics and are reported to have high transpiration rates. A potential contribution of stem water storage to transpiration has been discussed in previous studies. We assessed the water-use characteristics of oil palms at different horizontal and vertical positions in the plant by using three sap flux techniques, i.e., thermal dissipation probes, the heat ratio method and heat field deformation sensors. In a radial profile of the stem, sap flux densities were low at the outer margin, increased to 2.5 cm under the bark and remained relatively high to the innermost measured depth at 7.5 cm. In a vertical profile of the stem and with further sensors in leaf petioles, we found only small time lags in sap flux densities. Time lags along the flow path are often used for analyzing the contribution of water storage to transpiration. Thus, the small observed time differences in our study would leave only little room for the contribution of water storage to transpiration. However, water storage might still contribute to transpiration in ways that are not detected by time lag analysis. Such mechanisms may be explored in future studies.
BLE Signal Reception and Localization Performance with Varying Receiver and Beacon Setups
Authors: Benaissa Brahim , Hendrichovsky Filip , As Mansur , Yoshida Kaori
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the performance of Bluetooth Low Energy signal reception for indoor localization by analyzing the interactions between gateways, beacons, and receiver placements. The study investigates the effect of different BLE beacon placements on signal strength and localization accuracy. It evaluates ten receiver ceiling-mounted and wall-mounted configurations, as well as five beacon body positions: shoulder, front pocket, back pocket, and wrist. A dataset comprising 2700 data points was collected and localization accuracy was assessed using a Radial Basis Function-based methodology. The results demonstrate that ceiling-mounted gateways offer more stable signal strength and enhanced localization accuracy compared to wall-mounted gateways. The findings highlight the significance of optimizing both gateway positioning and body placement to improve the performance of BLE-based indoor positioning systems.
Fire Performance Comparison of Expanded Polystyrene External Thermal Insulation Composites Systems and Expandable Graphite-Modified Surface Covers at Different Scales
Authors: Tang Mingwei , Bourbigot Serge , Rogaume Thomas , Bensabath Tsilla , Batiot Benjamin , Drean Virginie
Published: January 2025

Numerous fire disasters have involved thermoplastic expanded polystyrene (EPS) external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) on building façades. This study evaluates the flame-retardant efficiency of expandable graphite (EG)-blended EPS ETICS across different scales: micro-scale thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, small-scale bench tests, and large-scale LEPIR 2 tests. TG analysis confirmed EG’s primary role as a physical intumescent, with no significant chemical interactions detected. While EG effectively reduced heat penetration in both small-scale and large-scale fire tests, challenges arose from char layer detachment and oxidation at elevated temperatures (exceeding 540 °C). Despite these limitations, the EG-treated façade exhibited significantly lower peak temperatures compared to the untreated control in the large-scale LEPIR 2 test, with a measured temperature difference of approximately 470 °C. These findings demonstrate the potential of EG to enhance the fire safety of EPS ETICS. The small-scale test bench proved effective for preliminary material screening, providing valuable insights into ignition resistance and flame-retardant properties before proceeding to more resource-intensive large-scale evaluations.
Estimation of Short-Term Vegetation Recovery in Post-Fire Siberian Dwarf Pine (Pinus pumila) Shrublands Based on Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zheng Xin , Du Yang , Zhang Guoqiang , Wang Qianxue , Han Daxiao , Zhang Jili
Published: January 2025

The frequency of wildfires ignited by lightning is increasing due to global climate change. Since the forest ecological recovery is influenced by numerous factors, the process of post-fire vegetation recovery in Siberian dwarf pine shrublands remains unclear and demands in-depth study. This paper explored the short-term recovery process of vegetation after two lightning-ignited fires in the Great Xing’an Mountains that occurred in 2017 and 2020, respectively. The study was aimed at presenting a monitoring approach for estimating the post-fire vegetation state and assessing the influence of various driving factors on vegetation recovery. Spectral indices were computed to evaluate forest vegetation recovery dynamics. The differences in vegetation recovery under various fire severity and topography conditions were also examined. Correlation analysis was employed to assess the influence of moisture content on the recovery of fire sites. The results show that fire severity, topographic features, and moisture content significantly impacted the rate of vegetation recovery. Specifically, regeneration takes place more rapidly on warm, high-altitude, and gentle slopes within highly and moderately burned areas. Additionally, areas marked by high moisture content demonstrate rapid recovery. Our study enriches the research cases of global wildfires and vegetation recovery and provides a scientific basis for forest management and the restoration of post-fire ecosystems.
Pivotal Roles of Fish Nutrition and Feeding: Recent Advances and Future Outlook for Brazilian Fish Farming
Authors: Brum Aline , Magnotti Caio , Tsuzuki Mônica Yumi , Sousa Elen Monique de Oliveira , Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira , Martins Maurício Laterça , Lopes Rafael Garcia , Derner Roberto Bianchini , Owatari Marco Shizuo
Published: January 2025

The aquafeed industry evolved alongside fish farming, utilizing scientific and technological advancements to incorporate a variety of feed additives, supplements, and alternative ingredients in the nutrition and feeding of fish in aquaculture. These advances played a significant role in improving the production, health, and welfare of farmed fish. Recent research in Brazil highlighted the importance of using fish feed additives, such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, to ensure that farmed fish receive all the necessary nutrients for growth and health. Functional additives can enhance the immune system, boosting disease resistance and promoting the overall health of fish. Antimicrobial and antiparasitic additives help prevent and treat infections and infestations, reducing the occurrence of disease outbreaks. Additionally, some additives improve feed digestibility, leading to better nutrient absorption and reduced feed requirements. Overall, nutritional strategies are essential for optimizing fish farming practices in Brazil and globally, promoting fish health and sustainability in the industry. This review emphasizes the significance of certain additives, supplements, and ingredients strategically incorporated into experimental feeds for research in Brazilian fish farming. It also underscores the necessity for ongoing research. There is a noticeable trend towards developing more sustainable and efficient feeds, which is essential for the future of sustainable aquaculture. The goal is to minimize environmental impacts while maintaining economic viability in aquaculture operations.
Metagenomics and Metagenome-Assembled Genomes: Analysis of Cupei from Sichuan Baoning Vinegar, One of the Four Traditional Renowned Vinegars in China
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhao Ning , Li Qin , Zhao Kui , Tu Meiling , Li Jianlong , Hu Kaidi , Chen Shujuan , Liu Shuliang , Liu Aiping
Published: January 2025

The microbial community in vinegar has primarily been investigated by analyzing short reads to determine operational taxonomic units, but it is also crucial to identify metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). In this study, the microbial diversity and functionality in Sichuan Baoning vinegar were examined through deep metagenomic sequencing and metagenomic binning. Results revealed that the most prevalent phylum was Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and unclassified Bacteria. The most abundant bacterial species was Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the most prevalent fungal species. The predominant viral species were Hopescreekvirus LfeInf, Myoviridae sp., and Siphoviridae sp. A total of 1395 MAGs were reconstructed, with 660 of them annotated. The majority of MAGs resolved at the species level were attributed to Firmicutes (n = 308), with Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis being the most abundant. According to the average nucleotide identity values, 223 out of the 660 MAGs might represent novel species. The recovered MAGs exhibited biomarker genes indicative of the genetic potential to encode several important secondary metabolites. This study helps to uncover the microbial composition and functional potential of microbial genomes in Sichuan Baoning vinegar.
Distinctive Lipogenic Gene Expression Patterns in the Mammary Glands of Dairy Cows Are Associated with the Unique Fatty Acid Composition of Bovine Milk Fat
Authors: Tadmor-Levi Roni , Argov-Argaman Nurit
Published: January 2025

Fat composition is largely responsible for the technological and rheological properties of cow milk and dairy products. Bovine milk fat is unique in terms of its fatty acid composition and positional distribution, with about 25% of its fatty acids being short- and medium-chain, which are synthesized de novo in the mammary gland and are not present in extra-mammary tissues. With the aim to identify potential genetic factors responsible for the unique composition of bovine milk fat, we extracted genes with GO annotations related to lipid metabolism and performed a gene expression mega-analysis. Overall, different lipogenic tissues (i.e., mammary, liver, and adipose) displayed discerned expression patterns. In a PCA, the liver was significantly separated from adipose and mammary tissues. In a correlation analysis with the fatty acid synthetase (FASN) gene, notable differences among the tissues were found. In the mammary gland, the majority of genes (~70%) were negatively correlated with FASN expression, whereas only 18% were negatively correlated in adipose. Only a few genes were positively correlated with FASN exclusively in the mammary gland, including AGPAT1 and AGPAT6, which also had the highest expression in the mammary gland compared with adipose. Looking at the expression levels in tissues (TPM) revealed significant differences in the expressions of genes responsible for the activation of fatty acids by ligation to CoA, according to their carbon chain length. Notably, the ACSS1 gene, which converts acetate to acetyl-CoA, had the highest expression in the mammary gland, whereas genes responsible for the activation of long-chain fatty acids had lower expressions. The findings of the present study suggest that the unique properties of dairy fat are the results of the distinct expression patterns of genes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids and their downstream utilization.
Climate Change and Plant Foods: The Influence of Environmental Stressors on Plant Metabolites and Future Food Sources
Authors: Šola Ivana , Poljuha Danijela , Pavičić Ivana , Jurinjak Tušek Ana , Šamec Dunja
Published: January 2025

Climate change is reshaping global agriculture by altering temperature regimes and other environmental conditions, with profound implications for food security and agricultural productivity. This review examines how key environmental stressors—such as extreme temperatures, water scarcity, increased salinity, UV-B radiation, and elevated concentrations of ozone and CO2—impact the nutritional quality and bioactive compounds in plant-based foods. These stressors can modify the composition of essential nutrients, particularly phytochemicals, which directly affect the viability of specific crops in certain regions and subsequently influence human dietary patterns by shifting the availability of key food resources. To address these challenges, there is growing interest in resilient plant species, including those with natural tolerance to stress and genetically modified variants, as well as in alternative protein sources derived from plants. Additionally, unconventional food sources, such as invasive plant species and algae, are being explored as sustainable solutions for future nutrition.
Association Between Income and Well-Being Among Working Women in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Takao , Sasayama Kiriko , Nishimura Etsuko , Yamaji Noyuri , Ota Erika , Saito Eiko , Yoneoka Daisuke
Published: January 2025

Background: Income is a key determinant of well-being; however, its effects are often nonlinear. In Japan, working women face unique limitations to their well-being, including substantial gender wage gaps, caregiving responsibilities, and female-specific health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between income and well-being, with a focus on potential nonlinear patterns and effect modification with various factors. Methods: A nationwide survey of 10,000 working women aged 20–64 years was conducted in Japan in 2023. Well-being was assessed using four items from the Office for National Statistics-4 questionnaire, each rated on a 0–10 Likert scale. Tobit regression models were used to assess the association between household income and well-being after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. Results: Annual household income was positively associated with well-being in women earning up to 8–10 million JPY annually, beyond which the effect was attenuated. Women with mental health issues or insomnia reported significantly lower well-being scores regardless of their income level (p < 0.05). Marital status and caregiving responsibilities had moderate effects, whereas having more children diminished the positive effect of income among higher-income households earning over 8 million JPY annually. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for integrated policies that address both economic disparities and health-related challenges to improve the well-being of working women in Japan. Targeted interventions focusing on female-specific health conditions are particularly important.
Prevalence of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus Carriage in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Assessment of Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Outpatients at a University Hospital
Authors: Bezerra Daniella Teixeira , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Motta Lara Jansiski , Ando-Suguimoto Ellen Sayuri , Frochot Céline , Perini Alessandra Messina , Rossi Flavia , Mimica Marcelo Jenne , Pereira Benedito Jorge , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Infection poses a significant threat of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common etiological agent, with prior nasal colonization identified as a risk factor for infection. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage among patients with CKD undergoing dialysis at a university hospital and identify potential factors associated with colonization. Methods: Nasal swabs were obtained, and bacterial isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry and antibiogram testing with the Vitek 2 system. Demographic and clinical data were collected for the investigation of risk factors associated with colonization. Results: Among the 96 patients analyzed, 34 were carriers of S. aureus. Among these carriers, three (8.8%) harbored oxacillin-resistant strains. More than half of the S. aureus strains exhibited resistance to clindamycin but susceptibility to oxacillin. Colonization was associated with age and the use of corticosteroids/immunosuppressants. Conclusions: The prevalence of nasal S. aureus carriage was high among patients undergoing dialysis at the university hospital, exceeding that found in the general population. Nasal colonization by S. aureus was linked to corticosteroid use and age. Understanding factors associated with S. aureus nasal colonization in patients on dialysis can assist healthcare providers in preventing the spread of infection and cross-contamination, while reducing risk in this population.
The Role of Maladaptive Plasticity in Modulating Pain Pressure Threshold Post-Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Imamura Marta , Filardi Rafaela Machado , Lacerda Guilherme J. M. , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin , Shinzato Gilson , Battistella Linamara Rizzo , Fregni Felipe
Published: January 2025

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to pain, leading to significant disability. Pain sensitization, a key feature of SCI, is commonly assessed via quantitative sensory testing like the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT), though the factors influencing PPT changes remain unclear. This study hypothesizes that specific clinical and neurophysiological factors modulate PPT in SCI patients. The primary objective is to identify predictors of PPT in SCI patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of neurophysiological, clinical, and demographic data from 102 SCI patients in an ongoing prospective cohort study called “Deficit of Inhibition as a Marker of Neuroplasticity” (DEFINE study). Multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate demographic, clinical, and functional variables associated with PPT, the primary outcome measure. Results: The sample comprised 87.9% males with an average age of 41. Trauma was the leading cause of SCI (77.45%), predominantly affecting the cervical and thoracic levels. Pain was reported by 44% of participants, and the mean PPT was 8.3 kPa, measured bilaterally. Multivariate analysis of PPT in the left, right, and bilateral thenar regions revealed consistent trends. Significant negative associations were found between bilateral PPT and low beta EEG frequency in the central area (β = −14.94, p = 0.017), traumatic lesion etiology (β = −1.99, p = 0.038), and incomplete lesions by the American Spinal Injury Association classification (β = −1.68, p = 0.012). In contrast, positive associations were observed with age (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings show that increased beta oscillations and traumatic brain injury having a lower PPT indicate that factors associated with maladaptive plasticity are associated with decreased and likely less functional PPT. On the other hand, increased motor function may help to regulate PPT in a more functional status.
Reels to Remembrance: Attention Partially Mediates the Relationship Between Short-Form Video Addiction and Memory Function Among Youth
Authors: Al-Leimon Obada , Pan Wei , Jaber Abdul-Raheem , Al-Leimon Ahmad , Jaber Abdel Rahman , Aljahalin Mohammad , Dardas Latefa Ali
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose: The proliferation of short-form video content on social media platforms has led to increased user engagement but also raised concerns about potential addictive behaviors and cognitive consequences, particularly among youth. This study explored the prevalence of short-form video addiction (SVA) among Jordanian youth, its correlates, and its impact on attention and memory function, with an emphasis on understanding the mediating and moderating role of attention in the relationship between SVA and memory. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 1029 university students across 25 higher-education institutions in Jordan. Results: Half of the participants exhibited moderate to high levels of SVA. The findings indicated a significant increase in SVA scores among female students (p = 0.003), those of a younger age (p = 0.045), those with lower GPAs (p = 0.013), and those who dedicated fewer hours to study (p = 0.006). Notably, there was a significant and large correlation between SVA scores and students’ perceptions of user-generated content (p < 0.001). Attention partially mediated the relationship between SVA and memory function with excellent model fit indices (χ2(12) = 14.11, p = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.03, GFI = 0.99, IFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, CFI = 0.99). However, attention did not moderate this relationship, suggesting that the impact of SVA on memory is consistent across varying levels of attention. Discussion: The findings underscore the significant engagement of Jordanian youth with short-form video content and the potential cognitive risks associated with SVA. Interventions to manage attention could mitigate the adverse effects of SVA on cognitive functions. This study calls for a comprehensive approach to address SVA among youth, including the development of digital literacy programs, mental health support services, and policy interventions that promote a balanced digital ecosystem and responsible media consumption.
Application of Plant Growth Regulators During Early Fruit Development Stage Increased Perceived Sweetness of Mango Fruit
Authors: Li Li , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Songbiao , Xu Chi , Wu Hongxia , Wu Yanke , He Yingzi , Zheng Bin , Liang Qingzhi , Xu Wentian , Li Weiming
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the optimal strategies for improving sugar biosynthesis in mango fruits. Randomized block design was used for experimental treatments. The mango cultivar “Renong-1” was sprayed with five green plant growth regulators, including solutions of SBP (sucrose-based polymers, a new highly efficient and eco-friendly plant growth regulator), SPM (sucrose + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + microelement fertilizer), TPM (taurine + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + microelement fertilize), PFA (potassium fulvic acid), and SOP (seaweed oligosaccharide peptide) at different fruit development stages. Indicators, such as soluble solid content, soluble sugar and starch contents, and activities of 11 enzymes associated with sugar metabolism in physiologically mature and in full ripening fruits were evaluated. The results showed that SBP solution diluted 100-fold exerted the strongest effect on the soluble sugar content and sweetness value of “Renong-1” mango fruits. Based on the linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the activity of acid invertase and the perceived sweetness of physiologically mature fruits, while the activities of other enzymes were significantly negatively correlated with the perceived sweetness of full ripening fruits. According to multiple regression (by lars function in R) and other comprehensive analysis, A1B3 (spraying SBP solution one time in the young fruit stage) was selected as the optimal treatment combination for enhancing “Renong-1” mango perceived sweetness, followed by A1B2 (spraying SBP solution for the first time in the young fruit stage and the second time at medium maturity) as the alternative treatment combination.
Effect of Branch-Bagged Shading on the Photosynthetic Physiology of Sweet Cherry Leaves in a Greenhouse Environment
Authors: Ai Jiayin , Wu Min , Cai Feng , He Mingli , Chen Yao , Zhang Qijing
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the impacts of low-light stress induced by branch-bagged shading on photosynthetic physiology and biochemical composition. Eight-year-old ‘Tieton’ sweet cherry leaves and white parchment bags with a 23% shading rate were selected to cover ten 50 cm long branches for 10 d, 20 d, and 30 d followed by 10 d light restoring. The results indicated that when shading for 30 d, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of the leaves, including stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide (POD), catalase (CAT), starch, and sugar contents were lower, whereas chlorophyll (Chl) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were higher than those in CK leaves. After 10-10 treatments, leaf parameters including SOD, POD, CAT, starch, and sugar levels were almost the same as those in control (CK; no shading) leaves; the opposite was true for Chl and MDA. However, after 10 d of no bag following 20 and 30 d of shading, the PN, Ci, E, and SOD, CAT, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose and starch levels were lower than those in CK leaves, whereas MDA levels were higher. At 20-10, there was no difference in leaf fructose levels compared to those in CK leaves; the Chl levels were higher. At 30-10, leaf fructose levels were reduced compared with those in CK leaves; Chl levels showed no difference. Therefore, sweet cherry leaves have robust recovery abilities; however, prolonged low-light stress can impede physiological restoration.
Polymerized Type I Collagen Downregulates STAT-1 Phosphorylation Through Engagement with LAIR-1 in Circulating Monocytes, Avoiding Long COVID
Authors: Olivares-Martínez Elizabeth , Hernández-Ramírez Diego Francisco , Núñez-Álvarez Carlos Alberto , Meza-Sánchez David Eduardo , Chapa Mónica , Méndez-Flores Silvia , Priego-Ranero Ángel , Azamar-Llamas Daniel , Olvera-Prado Héctor , Rivas-Redonda Kenia Ilian , Ochoa-Hein Eric , López-Mosqueda Luis Gerardo , Rojas-Castañeda Estefano , Urbina-Terán Said , Septién-Stute Luis , Hernández-Gilsoul Thierry , Aguilar-León Diana , Torres-Villalobos Gonzalo , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette
Published: January 2025

The intramuscular administration of polymerized type I collagen (PTIC) for adult symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients downregulated hyperinflammation and improved symptoms. We inferred that LAIR1 is a potential receptor for PTIC. Thus, a binding assay and surface plasmon resonance binding assay were performed to estimate the affinity of the interaction between LAIR1 and PTIC. M1 macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were cultured with 2–10% PTIC for 24 h. Lysates from PTIC-treated THP-1 cells, macrophage-like cells (MLCs), M1, M1 + IFN-γ, and M1 + LPS were analyzed by Western blot for NF-κB (p65), p38, STAT1, and pSTAT1 (tyrosine701). Serum cytokine levels and monocyte LAIR1 expressions (Mo1 and Mo2) were analyzed by luminometry and flow cytometry in symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients on PTIC treatment. PTIC-bound LAIR1 had a similar affinity to collagen in M1 macrophages. It downregulated pSTAT1 in IFN-γ-induced M1. COVID-19 patients under PTIC treatment showed a significant decrease in Mo1 percentages and cytokines (IP-10/MIF/eotaxin/IL-8/IL-1RA/M-CSF) associated with STAT1 and an increase in the Mo2 subset. The inflammatory mediators and Mo1 downregulation were related to better oxygen saturation and decreased dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and chronic fatigue syndrome in the acute and long-term phase of infection. PTIC is an agonist of LAIR1 and downregulates STAT-1 phosphorylation. PTIC could be relevant for treating STAT1-mediated inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19 and long COVID.
Identification of MCM2-Interacting Proteins Associated with Replication Initiation Using APEX2-Based Proximity Labeling Technology
Authors: Yao Sitong , Yue Zhen , Ye Shaotang , Liang Xiaohuan , Li Yugu , Gan Haiyun , Zhou Jiaqi
Published: January 2025

DNA replication is a crucial biological process that ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information, underpinning the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Abnormalities in DNA replication are a primary source of genomic instability and tumorigenesis. During DNA replication, the assembly of the pre-RC at the G1-G1/S transition is a crucial licensing step that ensures the successful initiation of replication. Although many pre-replication complex (pre-RC) proteins have been identified, technical limitations hinder the detection of transiently interacting proteins. The APEX system employs peroxidase-mediated rapid labeling with high catalytic efficiency, enabling protein labeling within one minute and detection of transient protein interactions. MCM2 is a key component of the eukaryotic replication initiation complex, which is essential for DNA replication. In this study, we fused MCM2 with enhanced APEX2 to perform in situ biotinylation. By combining this approach with mass spectrometry, we identified proteins proximal to the replication initiation complex in synchronized mouse ESCs and NIH/3T3. Through a comparison of the results from both cell types, we identified some candidate proteins. Interactions between MCM2 and the candidate proteins CD2BP2, VRK1, and GTSE1 were confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation. This research establishes a basis for further study of the component proteins of the conserved DNA replication initiation complex and the transient regulatory network involving its proximal proteins.
A Novel Tumor on Chip Mimicking the Breast Cancer Microenvironment for Dynamic Drug Screening
Authors: Testa Maria , Gaggianesi Miriam , D’Accardo Caterina , Porcelli Gaetana , Turdo Alice , Di Marco Chiara , Patella Bernardo , Di Franco Simone , Modica Chiara , Di Bella Sebastiano , Lopresti Francesco , Stassi Giorgio , La Carrubba Vincenzo , Todaro Matilde
Published: January 2025

In light of the emerging breakthroughs in cancer biology, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, Tumor-on-Chip (ToC) platforms have become pivotal tools in current biomedical research. This study introduced a novel rapid prototyping approach for the fabrication of a ToC device using laser-patterned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers integrated with a polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun scaffold, enabling dynamic drug delivery and the assessment of therapeutic efficacy in cancer cells. Traditional drug screening methods, such as conventional cell cultures, mimic certain aspects of cancer progression but fail to capture critical features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). While animal models offer a closer approximation of tumor complexity, they are limited in their ability to predict human drug responses. Here, we evaluated the ability of our ToC device to recapitulate the interactions between cancer and TME cells and its efficacy in evaluating the drug response of breast cancer cells. The functional design of the proposed ToC system offered substantial potential for a wide range of applications in cancer research, significantly accelerating the preclinical assessment of new therapeutic agents.
Recurrent Melanoma in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Presenting with an Apparent Co-Existing NRAS and BRAF Mutation: A Diagnostic and Treatment Conundrum
Authors: Berardi Giuliana G. , Muthanna Jabbar , Wang Y. Lynn , Olszanski Anthony J.
Published: January 2025

Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States. The advent of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy has improved progression-free and overall survival in many patients with advanced disease. However, the selection of therapeutic choices requires a nuanced approach, especially when considering molecularly targeted agents. This case report highlights a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in managing a patient with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and recurrent melanoma. Molecular testing suggested discordant BRAF V600E testing and a simultaneous NRAS G12D mutation. After a careful literature review, repetition of his molecular testing, and analysis of the timelines and results of all his molecular testing, we concluded that the BRAF V600E mutation result was falsely positive. The patient was treated with two cycles of ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) and nivolumab (3 mg/kg) as per the NADINA trial and had a complete radiographic response. He then underwent resection demonstrating a pathologic partial response ranging from 20% to 95% tumor necrosis, dependent on the satellite examined. This case report underscores the importance of precise molecular diagnostics in guiding melanoma treatment and demonstrates the complexities of managing a patient with a coexisting malignancy.
Evaluation of Larrea tridentata Extracts and Their Antimicrobial Effects on Strains of Clinical Interest
Authors: Morales-Márquez Renata , Delgadillo-Ruiz Lucía , Esparza-Orozco Alfredo , Delgadillo-Ruiz Eladio , Bañuelos-Valenzuela Rómulo , Valladares-Carranza Benjamín , Chávez-Ruvalcaba María Isabel , Chávez-Ruvalcaba Francisca , Valtierra-Marín Héctor Emmanuel , Gaytán-Saldaña Norma Angélica , Mercado-Reyes Marisa , Arias-Hernández Luz Adriana
Published: January 2025

The use of medicinal plants represents an alternative method for bacterial control due to their chemical compositions. This study’s objective was to determine the inhibitory capacity of Larrea tridentata extracts against microbial strains of clinical interest. Four extracts were prepared, their phytochemical profiles were determined, and their antioxidant capacities were quantified. Additionally, the minimum concentrations of hemolysis were determined using human blood erythrocytes. For the extracts’ growth inhibitory capacity, six bacterial and two fungal strains were evaluated using the disk diffusion test. Commercial medications specific for each strain were used as controls. The ethanolic extracts registered the greatest diversity of metabolites related to antibacterial activity. The inhibitory activities of the ethanolic extract and the Cedax® control were similar for Enterococcus faecalis. A principal component analysis was performed with X2 and ANOVA tests to identify the relationships and the effects of the extracts on bacterial inhibition, obtaining p > 0.05 with a confidence level of 95%. This research highlights the potential of L. tridentata extracts as an alternative treatment and to mitigate the growing problem of resistance to traditional antibiotics.
Exploring the Genetic and Functional Diversity of Porphyromonas gingivalis Survival Factor RagAB
Authors: Montz Pauline G. , Dafni Evdokia , Neumann Bernd , Deng Dongmei , Abdelbary Mohamed M. H. , Conrads Georg
Published: January 2025

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen in periodontitis. Its outer membrane contains the RagAB transport complex, which has been implicated in protein uptake, essential for a proteolytic species. RagA is a 22-stranded β-barrel, and RagB is the corresponding 4-TPR lid, together forming a TonB-dependent system acting as a “pedal bin”. Four different alleles were observed, of which ragAB-1 is more virulent than the others. Our aim was to map ragAB in 129 strains of P. gingivalis and related species available in our collection, supported by a newly introduced universal PCR for amplification/sequencing of all four ragA variants and to find reasons for the differences in virulence and/or fitness. Regarding the PCR method, by pairing established Long-PCR primers with our newly designed sequencing primers (ragA-F0, -F1, -R2, -R2a, -R4), it was possible to amplify and sequence all four ragA variants. The same was not possible for ragB due to high heterogeneity. The mapping allowed us to type all strains into ragAB-1-4. For each type, some strains (of mainly animal origin such as Porphyromonas gulae) with slightly different amino acid sequences were identified (designated ragAB-1a to -4a). In terms of function, the transfer of recently discovered SusCD information to the similar RagAB complex provided new insights. Substrate specificity as well as length of pedal could be the route to differential virulence (survival rate, fitness) as Rag-1 (closer related to Rag-3/4) and Rag-2 were found to be massively different here. In general, substrate–ligand-binding sites seem to be quite variable with the exception of Rag-1, probably indicating nutritional preferences. In addition, an insertion (8 aa long) found in loop L7 throughout RagA-2 could not only affect the dynamics of lid opening/closing but might also alter the associated substrate throughput rate.
Electronic States of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Water and in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (Sodium Salt) Liposomes
Authors: Pires Filipa , Tzeli Demeter , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren V. , Raposo Maria
Published: January 2025

In this work, the spectroscopy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and EGCG bonded to 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG) lipid is studied both experimentally by combining high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photo-absorption measurements in the 4.0–9.0 eV energy range and by theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) methodology. There is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data, and the inclusion of the solvent both implicitly and explicitly further improves this agreement. For all experimentally measured absorption bands observed in the VUV spectra of EGCG in water, assignments to the calculated electronic transitions are provided. The calculations reveal that the spectrum of DPPG-EGCG has an intense peak around 150 nm, which is in accordance with experimental data, and it is assigned to an electron transfer transition from resorcinol–pyrogallol groups to different smaller groups of the EGCG molecule. Finally, the increase in absorbance observed experimentally in the DPPG-EGCG spectrum can be associated with the interaction between the molecules.