bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral lesions in patients with human monkeypox: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Arrubla‐Escobar Daniel Esteban , Vivares‐Builes Annie Marcela
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To describe the clinical features and location of oral lesions in patients with human monkeypox.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was accomplished by implementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews. The analysis incorporated varied databases and the gray literature. Keywords were implemented to search publications in all languages until July 2022.

Results

The initial electronic exploration included 889 reports, of which 843 studies were eliminated. Reading the full text occasioned the omission of 27 additional investigations. Finally, 19 publications were included. These reports analyzed 1256 patients with monkeypox, mostly described in Europe. Most of them were men who have sex with men. The study population consisted mainly of adults but children were also infected. The oral lesions of monkeypox patients were observed in different parts of the oral mucosa, including lips and tongue, but mainly in the tonsils (15 cases). The oral lesions manifested as papules, vesicles, pustules, and ulcers. Erythema, edema, enanthema, and severe pain were also observed, accompanied by tonsillar enlargement. Sore throat was also reported. Monkeypox is accompanied by a significant number of systemic manifestations, mainly including multiple skin lesions throughout the body, as well as lymphadenopathy, fever, headache, myalgia, and fatigue, among others. The symptoms associated with monkeypox were managed with different antiretroviral and antimicrobial therapies and medications to control pain and fever principally. Seventeen deaths were informed.

Conclusion

Most monkeypox‐associated oral lesions are seen in different parts of the oral mucosa, mainly in the tonsils manifested as papules, vesicles, pustules, and ulcers.
Landscape genetics across the Andes mountains: Environmental variation drives genetic divergence in the leaf‐cutting ant Atta cephalotes
Authors: Muñoz‐Valencia Vanessa , Montoya‐Lerma James , Seppä Perttu , Diaz Fernando
Published: October 2022

Distinguishing among the mechanisms underlying the spatial distribution of genetic variation resulting from the environmental or physical barriers from those arising due to simple geographic distance is challenging in complex landscapes. The Andean uplift represents one of the most heterogeneous habitats where multiple mechanisms may interact, confounding their relative roles. We explore this broad question in the leaf‐cutting ant Atta cephalotes, a species that is distributed across the Andes mountains, using nuclear microsatellite markers and mtCOI gene sequences. We investigate spatial genetic divergence across the western range of the northern Andes in Colombia by testing the relative role of alternative scenarios of population divergence, including isolation by geographic distance (IBD), climatic conditions (IBE), and the physical barriers presented by the Andes mountains (IBB). Our results reveal substantial genetic differentiation among A. cephalotes populations for both types of markers, but only nuclear divergence followed a hierarchical pattern with multiple models of genetic divergence imposed by the western range. Model selection showed that the IBD, IBE (temperature and precipitation), and IBB (Andes mountains) models, often proposed as individual drivers of genetic divergence, interact, and explain up to 33% of the genetic divergence in A. cephalotes. The IBE model remained significant after accounting for IBD, suggesting that environmental factors play a more prominent role than IBB. These factors, in combination with the idiosyncratic dispersal patterns of ants, appear to determine the hierarchical patterns of gene flow. This study enriches our understanding of the forces shaping population divergence in complex habitat landscapes.
A Jewish View of Contemporary Ideas of The Trinity
Authors: Brill Alan
Published: October 2022

Can Jews get beyond treating the Trinity as tri‐theism? The essay reviews the relationship between Jewish theological notions of God and Christian understandings of the doctrine of the Trinity to move beyond the seeming impasse. Recent scholarship shows that Jews do not possess a pristine monotheism. Instead, Jewish theology often included complex views of God. In addition, currently Jews and Christians, especially at the highest levels of academic discourse, are in a “post‐polemical” era in which they read each other’s theological texts seriously for their own work and readily share and borrow from each other. The core of the article examines the Trinitarian thought of German Catholic theologians Karl Rahner and Jürgen Moltmann to evaluate similarities and differences between the two religions. The conclusion is that the Jewish concept of God and the Christian concept of the Trinity are not diametrically opposed in a zero‐sum way; nevertheless, actual differences between the religions should not be elided or minimized.
Efficacy of a lay community health worker (promotoras de salud) program to improve adherence to emollients in Spanish‐speaking Latin American pediatric patients in the United States with atopic dermatitis: A randomized, controlled, evaluator‐blinded study
Authors: Chen Henry W. , Limmer Emily E. , Joseph Adrienne K. , Kinser Kathryn , Trevino Amanda , Valencia Angel , Weinheimer Rachel A. , Youssef Sara Hassan , Cervantes Cecilia , Guzman Maria Teresa , Morales Ana , Morales Sandy , Contreras Maurica , Eifert Faye , LaMontagne Darci , Nouri Sarah , Reyes Fabiola , Pandya Amit G. , Dominguez Arturo R.
Published: October 2022

Background

Latin American patients in the United States experience significant health disparities. Community health workers (promotoras de salud) reduce disparities by providing culturally appropriate education. While educational interventions have been studied in atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic dermatologic condition affecting children, none have evaluated the use of promotoras in Spanish‐speaking pediatric patients in the United States.

Objective

To create and evaluate a promotora‐led education program for Spanish‐speaking caregivers of Latin American, pediatric patients with AD through a randomized, controlled, evaluator‐blinded study.

Methods

Children with moderate/severe AD (n = 48) were recruited from the pediatric dermatology clinic at Children's Health℠ in Dallas, TX and randomized to receive clinic education (n = 26) or clinic education plus promotora home visits (n = 22). The primary outcome was overall adherence to topical emollients over the 12‐week study, quantified by MEMSCap™ devices; several secondary endpoints were evaluated.

Results

Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed a trend toward increased overall adherence to emollients over the 12‐week study period in promotora (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 43% [26%–61%]) versus non‐promotora (median [IQR]: 20% [11%–49%]) (p = .09) groups. SCORAD, AD knowledge, and Spanish‐language Parental Quality of Life Questionnaire for AD (Sp‐PIQoL‐AD) improved in both groups, although there was no statistically significant difference between groups. There was a trend toward increased AD knowledge at Week 4 (p = .06) in the promotora group.

Conclusions

A promotora‐led educational intervention is a promising approach in increasing caregiver medication adherence in pediatric, Latin American patients with AD in the United States. Further research using creative and culturally appropriate strategies to increase medication adherence is necessary to reduce health disparities in other racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States.
When “the runs” also burns: Case reports of severe diaper dermatitis in children with acute gastroenteritis mimicking scald burns
Authors: Fanny Sanemba Aya , Burge Lauren , Small Amanda , Turbeville Jackson , Donaruma‐Kwoh Marcella , Adekunle‐Ojo Aderonke
Published: October 2022

Burns to the buttocks of a child are highly concerning for child abuse unless there is a clear history to support an alternative diagnosis. We report two cases of severe erosive diaper dermatitis presenting as buttocks and perineal burns caused by prolonged exposure to diarrheal stool. These cases underscore the importance of making the right diagnosis to avoid the undue psychosocial stress to families that comes with a mistaken diagnosis of inflicted injury, and further add to our understanding of diarrheal contact burns in the absence of laxative use.
Prorocentrum pervagatum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae): A new, small, planktonic species with a global distribution
Authors: Tillmann Urban , Wietkamp Stephan , Gottschling Marc , Hoppenrath Mona
Published: October 2022

Prorocentrum comprises a unique group of dinophytes with several apomorphic traits, such as an apical insertion of flagella and the presence of two major, large thecal plates. Species delimitation is challenging, especially for morphologically very similar, small planktonic species. Contemporary analyses, including SEM studies and molecular phylogenetics of type material, are not available for many described species. Based on six strains isolated from Antarctic, subarctic and North Atlantic waters, Prorocentrum pervagatum sp. nov. is described. Prorocentrum pervagatum was small (12–16 μm long and deep), oval to round in outline, and moderately compressed. One small, pyrenoid‐like structure was faintly visible in some cells. Rod‐like, long trichocysts were present. Cells had one distinct apical spine (1.1–1.7 μm in length) visible in light microscopy. The plate surface appeared smooth in light microscopy with few pores located close to the plate margin visible in empty thecae. Electron microscopy revealed plates to be densely covered by small projections and two size classes of thecal pores. Cells had a row of mostly four large pores in apical‐ventral position on the right thecal plate. The periflagellar area consisted of eight small platelets. The apical spine was formed by platelet six. In molecular phylogenetics, P. pervagatum was part of a species group generally exhibiting small size and spiny thecal ornamentation, together with Prorocentrum cordatum and Prorocentrum obtusidens. The new species is distinct in DNA trees and differs from the protologues of other small species of Prorocentrum by the unique combination of size, shape (i.e. only moderately compressed or round), presence of a distinct apical spine, and position of thecal pores (i.e. located at the plate margins only). Its clear description and illustration may stimulate similar work of other small species of Prorocentrum, particularly including the re‐investigation of taxa with historical names collected at the corresponding type localities.
Big data analytics, a transformative approach to long‐term restoration research for meeting global targets
Authors: Shukla Jayshree , Dhyani Shalini , Pujari Paras
Published: October 2022

Sustainable land restoration has made remarkable progress over the past decade in terms of inclusivity, integration, and sustainability. Big data analytics has gained momentum in the Global North with large repositories being developed to analyze, monitor, and track the health and status of ecosystems after active restoration. However, restoration initiatives in Global South still face issues of fragmented implementation, uneven success ratios, and also run the risk of not being built upon in the future. Copious data going unregistered causes discrepancies in reporting the failure or progress made toward global commitments. Active involvement of indigenous and local communities, followed by citizen scientists' cooperation can help mainstream big data analytics to revolutionize sustainable land restoration. Financial support from private sector toward advanced technologies for processing and providing access to ecological big data of restoration, carrying out capacity building initiatives under long‐term restoration research can be a game changer.
Naturally occurring anti‐PP1PK in a Chinese individual with p phenotype: A case based on compound heterozygosity including one novel allele
Authors: Liang Shuang , Wu Fan , Deng Zhi‐Hui , Liang Yan‐Lian , Peng Long , Su Yu‐Qing
Published: October 2022

Background

The null phenotype in P1PK blood group, known as “p,” is extremely rare in the whole world. Individuals of p phenotype spontaneously form anti‐PP1PK isoantibody. Here, we report a case of p phenotype with naturally occurring anti‐PP1PK isoantibodies in a Chinese individual.

Study Design and Methods

Serology tests, containing alloantibodies screening and identification, were conducted to demonstrate the phenotype in P1PK blood group. The genotype of A4GALT gene was identified by haplotypes separation and sequencing.

Results

The serological assay demonstrated the p phenotype of the proband, presenting with 1:64 titer of anti‐PP1PK. The sequencing data revealed a compound heterozygote consisting of A4GALT*P1.01 with c.343A>T and a novel allele based on A4GALT*01N.05 with an addition polymorphism c.100G>A. The sequence of the novel allele has been submitted to GenBank and the accession number OM912503 was assigned.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a case of naturally occurring anti‐PP1Pk in a Chinese individual with p phenotype, which is based on compound heterozygosity including one novel allele. As the proband is a young lady, monitoring the titer of anti‐PP1PK and early initiation of medical intervention are essential after her pregnancy.
A self‐limited acute febrile sterile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's‐like syndrome) in a dog featuring target skin lesions with strong upregulation of interleukin‐8 and T‐helper 1 pathway
Authors: Banovic Frane , Stanton James B.
Published: October 2022

In this report, we provide a case of self‐limiting canine acute febrile sterile neutrophilic dermatosis in which the clinical signs featured typical target skin lesions with strong upregulation of T‐helper 1 markers and interleukin‐8, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Further, large case series are needed to characterize canine sterile neutrophilic dermatosis.
Evaluation of compounded cidofovir, famciclovir, and ganciclovir for the treatment of feline herpesvirus ocular surface disease in shelter‐housed cats
Authors: Mironovich Melanie A. , Yoon Angela , Marino Morgan E. , Ineck Nikole E. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Carter Renee T. , Lewin Andrew C.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To assess the efficacy of compounded cidofovir, famciclovir, and ganciclovir for the treatment of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV‐1) ocular surface disease.

Animals studied

132 shelter‐housed cats qPCR positive for FHV‐1.

Procedures

A masked placebo‐controlled study design was utilized. Animals were enrolled in one of four treatment groups: topical ocular placebo + oral placebo (n = 32), compounded cidofovir 0.5% ophthalmic solution + oral placebo (n = 32), compounded famciclovir oral solution (90 mg/kg) + topical ocular placebo (n = 32), and compounded ganciclovir 0.15% ophthalmic solution + oral placebo (n = 36). Cats were treated with each medication twice daily for 7 days and were evaluated on Day 1 and Day 8 using an ocular scoring system, body weight, and qPCR for FHV‐1 viral load.

Results

Cidofovir significantly decreased viral load from Day 1 to Day 8 compared with placebo (p = .024). Neither famciclovir nor ganciclovir decreased viral load compared with placebo (p = .14,p = .41). There was no significant improvement of ocular scores for any drug group compared with placebo (p = .62). In all groups, 65%–75% of cats improved from Day 1 to Day 8. Juvenile cats had a significant increase in weight gain compared with placebo for cidofovir (p = .025) and ganciclovir (p = .023). All corneal ulcers in placebo animals failed to heal whereas 77% of ulcers in antiviral group animals healed.

Conclusions

Topical ophthalmic cidofovir significantly decreased ocular FHV‐1 viral shedding and increased weight gain in juvenile cats. Ganciclovir increased weight gain in juvenile cats. Compounded famciclovir demonstrated limited efficacy for the treatment of FHV‐1 ocular surface disease in shelter‐housed cats.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for evaluation of the blood perfusion of sciatic nerves in healthy dogs
Authors: Lee Juryeong , Lee Dongjae , Suh Guk‐Hyun , Choi Jihye
Published: October 2022

Blood supply to the peripheral nerves is essential for fulfilling their structural and functional requirements. This prospective, experimental, exploratory study aimed to assess the feasibility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for evaluating blood perfusion of the sciatic nerve in normal dogs. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography examinations were performed on the bilateral sciatic nerves after bolus injection of Sonazoid™ (0.015 mL/kg) in 12 healthy Beagles for 150 s. Then, qualitative assessment of the wash‐in timing, degree and enhancement patterns, and quantitative measurement of the peak intensity and time to peak intensity were performed from the sciatic nerve. The results were compared to those obtained from the adductor muscle around the nerve and caudal gluteal artery. After contrast agent injection, the sciatic nerve was enhanced at approximately 13–14 s, immediately after wash‐in of the caudal gluteal artery. The peak intensity of the sciatic nerve was significantly lower than that of the caudal gluteal artery and higher than that of the adductor muscle. The time to peak intensity was significantly slower than that of the caudal gluteal artery; but was not significantly different from that of the adductor muscle. There were no significant differences in the peak intensity and time to peak intensity between the left and right sciatic nerves. These results demonstrate the feasibility of CEUS to assess blood perfusion of the sciatic nerve in healthy dogs qualitatively and quantitatively. This result from healthy dogs could serve as a reference for further studies that evaluate the sciatic nerve under pathological conditions.
Water limitation affects weed competitive ability for light. A demonstration using a model‐based approach combined with an automated watering platform
Authors: Moreau Delphine , Busset Hugues , Matejicek Annick , Prudent Marion , Colbach Nathalie
Published: October 2022

Climate change is driving the need to investigate responses to water limitation of morphological traits involved in competition for light, the main resource for which crops and weeds compete in conventional temperature and tropical cropping systems, to better understand field crop–weed dynamics. Our objective was to develop an innovative approach to quantify weed species responses to water limitation, using three species. This approach combined (1) key morphological traits involved in competition for light (taken from a mechanistic crop–weed model) as criteria to analyse responses to water limitation and (2) a pot/greenhouse platform allowing automated precision‐watering and daily quantification of soil water availability in each pot. For all species and growth stages, increased plant height per unit of aboveground biomass and production of smaller/thicker leaves were the most noteable responses. Plants with a strong increase in plant height per unit of aboveground biomass in response to water limitation maintained high levels of specific leaf area, even at low soil water availability. Increases in biomass allocation to roots (vs. aboveground parts) and leaves (vs. stems and reproductive organs) were also observed, but not for all species and growth stages. Overall, these effects of water limitation on morphological traits indicate strong interactions between competition for light and water.
Novel Unmanned Aircraft System Propeller Design—Part 1: Using an Unloaded Tip to Reduce Power Requirements and Lower Generated Sound Levels for Propellers Designed for Minimum Induced Drag
Authors: Wisniewski Charles , Van Treuren Kenneth
Published: October 2022

Today, over 500 eVTOL vehicles are being developed for everything from Urban Air Mobility to package delivery. In addition, unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are used in a variety of applications to include intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) as well as resupply for the military. Most of these vehicles utilize electric propulsion systems with propellers. Efficient propellers with reduced noise generation are necessary for these vehicles to coexist in urban environments or be used for ISR missions. Traditional propeller design uses blade element momentum theory (BEMT) to minimize induced losses. The current investigation describes a novel propeller design approach that minimizes induced drag by reducing the thrust loading near tip. This reduces the tip vortex strength lowering the sound pressure level (SPL) and power required. A parametric study of 18 propellers examined performance using traditional BEMT design near the hub and progressing to zero thrust loading at the tip. A microphone on a traverse mounted behind the propeller was used to measure the peak SPL and its location in a wind tunnel. The best performing unloaded tip propeller showed 5.2% reduction in power required and 12 dB SPL reduction compared to a commercial propeller at the same test conditions.
Disturbance Modeling and Prediction of Closed-Loop Micro-Actuator Stroke Usage in Dual-Stage Hard Disk Drives
Authors: Chakraborty Manash , Caverly Ryan J.
Published: October 2022

This letter presents a method to model the disturbance environment of a dual-stage hard disk drive (HDD), which is then used to predict the actuator stroke usage (i.e., the range of actuator displacement used) of a closed-loop track-following controller. In particular, a data-driven disturbance modeling approach is proposed and the stochastic interpretation of the H2 norm is used to systematically estimate the micro-actuator (PZT) stroke usage of the HDD controller. Upper- and lower-bound models of the frequency response of the external disturbance environment are used to provide a range of possible stroke usage, which involves a data-driven calibration process. The accuracy of the prediction model is validated in experiments with a controller that differs from the controllers in the calibration data set.
Permeability and Rigidity of Green River Shale Before and After Exposure to Water
Authors: Yildirim Levent Taylan Ozgur , Elsworth Derek , Wang John Yilin
Published: October 2022

Acoustic travel times through Green River shale samples both parallel and perpendicular to bedding are measured to investigate water interactions with Green River shale and the impact of pertinent factors including exposure durations, pore pressure, effective stress, and anisotropy. To assist these analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and permeability are also measured. Understanding petrophysical and rock properties before and after exposure to water is essential to optimize stimulation design in shale reservoirs. The XRD shows that the samples are clay-poor and mainly consist of carbonate minerals. Bedding-parallel and bedding-perpendicular permeability to non-sorbing He are measured before exposure to tap water to analyze permeability evolution under different stress conditions using the pressure transient method. The samples record very low permeabilities at recreated confining stresses, indicating that the shale requires stimulation. The permeability decreases as confining stress increases, while the permeability increases with increasing pore pressure. Acoustic travel time measurements show that compressional and shear wave velocities, and elastic moduli of the samples increase as confining stress increases before samples are exposed to tap water. This results in more rigid samples which exhibit higher fracture conductivity. The samples are saturated with tap water in containers at atmospheric pressure after the initial acoustic travel time measurements. Further acoustic travel time measurements and chemical elemental analysis in tap water show that quartz dissolves from the pore structure of the Green River shale, reducing the acoustic velocities, and elastic moduli of the samples that then exhibit lower rigidity and fracture conductivity.
A Unique Method to Determine Ferrite and Martensite Phase Stress–Strain Curve for Manufacturing Process
Authors: Halim Silvie Tanu , Ng Eu-Gene
Published: October 2022

Finite element (FE) methods have been extensively used to simulate the effects of material’s microstructure during machining processes. However, determination of the individual microstructure phase stress–strain curves is experimentally intensive and difficult to measure. Furthermore, these curves were also affected by heat treatment processes, chemical composition, and the percentage of individual microstructure phases. The objective of this paper is to develop and validate the Micromechanical Adaptive Iteration Algorithm to calculate the individual ferrite and martensite plastic behavior for dual-phase (DP) steel. This method requires a minimum of three experimental stress–strain curves from the same material with three different martensite volume fractions (Vm). Two of the stress–strain curves with different Vm are required to initialize the iteration algorithm to predict the individual plastic behavior of ferrite and martensite. The third stress–strain curve is used to validate the plastic behavior of individual ferrite and martensite for the given DP steel. Following on from here, the proposed algorithm was validated with two different grades of DP steel with 0.088%C and 0.1%C. Validation results show that the approach has consistent prediction capabilities, and the maximum difference observed between predicted and experimental results was 6.5%. The simulated results also show that the degree of strain partitioning between ferrite and martensite decreases with Vm.
Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players
Authors: Petway Adam J. , Jordan Matthew J. , Epsley Scott , Anloague Philip
Published: October 2022

A systematic search was performed of online databases for any Achilles tendon (AT) injuries occurring within the National Basketball Association (NBA). Video was obtained of injuries occurring during competition and downloaded for analysis in Dartfish. NBA athletes (n = 27) were identified with AT rupture over a 30-year period (1991–2021). Of the 27 NBA athletes found to have AT ruptures (mean age: 29.3 [3.3] y; average time in the NBA: 8.5 [3.8] y), 15 in-game videos were obtained for analysis. Noncontact rupture was presumed to have occurred in 12/13 cases. Eight of the 13 athletes had possession of the ball during time of injury. The ankle joint of the injured limb for all 13 athletes was in a dorsiflexed position during the time of injury (47.9° [6.5°]). All 13 athletes performed a false-step mechanism at time of injury where they initiated the movement by taking a rearward step posterior to their center of mass with the injured limb before translating forward. NBA basketball players that suffered AT ruptures appeared to present with a distinct sequence of events, including initiating a false step with ankle dorsiflexion of the injured limb at the time of injury.
Time-restricted feeding mitigates obesity through adipocyte thermogenesis
Authors: Hepler Chelsea , Weidemann Benjamin J. , Waldeck Nathan J. , Marcheva Biliana , Cedernaes Jonathan , Thorne Anneke K. , Kobayashi Yumiko , Nozawa Rino , Newman Marsha V. , Gao Peng , Shao Mengle , Ramsey Kathryn M. , Gupta Rana K. , Bass Joseph
Published: October 2022

Misalignment of feeding rhythms with the light-dark cycle leads to disrupted peripheral circadian clocks and obesity. Conversely, restricting feeding to the active period mitigates metabolic syndrome through mechanisms that remain unknown. We found that genetic enhancement of adipocyte thermogenesis through ablation of the zinc finger protein 423 (ZFP423) attenuated obesity caused by consumption of a high-fat diet during the inactive (light) period by increasing futile creatine cycling in mice. Circadian control of adipocyte creatine metabolism underlies the timing of diet-induced thermogenesis, and enhancement of adipocyte circadian rhythms through overexpression of the clock activator brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) ameliorated metabolic complications during diet-induced obesity. These findings uncover rhythmic creatine-mediated thermogenesis as an essential mechanism that drives metabolic benefits during time-restricted feeding.
Miniaturized spectrometers with a tunable van der Waals junction
Authors: Yoon Hoon Hahn , Fernandez Henry A. , Nigmatulin Fedor , Cai Weiwei , Yang Zongyin , Cui Hanxiao , Ahmed Faisal , Cui Xiaoqi , Uddin Md Gius , Minot Ethan D. , Lipsanen Harri , Kim Kwanpyo , Hakonen Pertti , Hasan Tawfique , Sun Zhipei
Published: October 2022

Miniaturized computational spectrometers, which can obtain incident spectra using a combination of device spectral responses and reconstruction algorithms, are essential for on-chip and implantable applications. Highly sensitive spectral measurement using a single detector allows the footprints of such spectrometers to be scaled down while achieving spectral resolution approaching that of benchtop systems. We report a high-performance computational spectrometer based on a single van der Waals junction with an electrically tunable transport-mediated spectral response. We achieve high peak wavelength accuracy (∼0.36 nanometers), high spectral resolution (∼3 nanometers), broad operation bandwidth (from ∼405 to 845 nanometers), and proof-of-concept spectral imaging. Our approach provides a route toward ultraminiaturization and offers unprecedented performance in accuracy, resolution, and operation bandwidth for single-detector computational spectrometers.
Antarctic marine life under pressure
Authors: Meyer Bettina , Kawaguchi So
Published: October 2022

Next week, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) convenes in Hobart, Tasmania, to examine the state of marine life in the Southern Ocean. As part of the Antarctic Treaty System, this convention entered into force in 1982, and its focus on the region’s environmental integrity has never been more important, given the increasing effects of climate change and commercial fishing. An important focus over the past 40 years has been Antarctic krill,
Euphausia superba
(hereafter krill), a keystone species that helps to hold this marine ecosystem together. Climate and fishing stresses should prompt the CCAMLR to address whether management of krill fishing is at a level that protects the Southern Ocean from losing its overall balance of marine life and the oceanic processes that regulate global climate.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome of a Putative Chemoheterotroph from Volcanic Terrain in Hawaii
Authors: Gadson O. , Bevilacqua J. G. , Fishman C. B. , Hahn A. S. , McAdam A. C. , Bleacher J. , Johnson S. S.
Published: October 2022

Here, we present the draft genome for a new putative species,
Gaiellasilicea maunaloa
, most closely related to
Gaiella occulta
, within the phylum
Actinobacteria.
This group contains Gram-negative, aerobic mesophilic species. This metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) contributes to knowledge of life in volcanic environments and may inform investigations of life beyond Earth.
Determination of the critical state of a silty sand iron tailings in triaxial extension tests using photographic correction
Authors: Becker Leonardo De Bona , Fabre Juliana Santos , Barbosa Maria Claudia
Published: October 2022

Determination of the critical state of tailings is essential to the stability analysis of tailings dams, especially to assess the susceptibility to flow liquefaction failures. In contrast to the peak resistance, which can be determined in triaxial tests at relatively small strains, the critical state is often reached at higher strains. Therefore, determining the critical state in triaxial extension tests is more difficult than in compression tests because the concentration of stresses and strains in extension tests is more severe and usually inevitable, resulting in necking that may greatly affect the computed deviatoric stress and void ratio (if the test is drained). This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method of necking correction using photography. The method was used in the determination of the critical state in drained triaxial extension tests. A sample of silty sand tailings obtained from the reservoir of the Fundão dam two years prior to its collapse was used. The critical state friction angle was approximately the same in compression and extension, showing that the proposed method is promising as many authors consider that the critical state friction angle is the same in these two conditions.
Dynamic coastal pelagic habitat drives rapid changes in growth and condition of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during early marine migration
Authors: Garzke Jessica , Forster Ian , Godwin Sean C. , Johnson Brett T. , Krkošek Martin , Mahara Natalie , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Rogers Luke A. , Hunt Brian P.V.
Published: October 2022

Migrating marine taxa encounter diverse habitats that differ environmentally and in foraging conditions over a range of spatial scales. We examined body (RNA/DNA, length-weight residuals) and nutritional (fatty acid composition) condition of juvenile sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia, while migrating through oceanographically variable waters. Fish were sampled in the stratified northern Strait of Georgia (NSoG); the highly mixed Johnstone Strait (JS); and the transitional zone of Queen Charlotte Strait (QCS). In 2015, body and nutritional condition were high in the NSoG but rapidly declined to reach lowest levels in JS where prey availability was low, before showing signs of compensatory growth in QCS. In 2016, juvenile salmon had significantly lower condition in the NSoG than in 2015, although zooplankton biomass was similar, condition remained low in JS, and no compensatory growth was observed in QCS. We provide evidence that differences in juvenile salmon condition between the two years were due to changes in the food quality available to juvenile fish. We propose that existing hypotheses about fish survival need to be extended to incorporate food quality in addition to quantity to understand changes in fish condition and survival between years.
HOW DO TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMES FEEL? BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION IN PRE-DIGITAL COMPANIES AND THE EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: ARNOLD FABIAN , BREITENMOSER PASCAL P. , RÖTH TOBIAS , SPIETH PATRICK
Published: October 2022

The disruptive character of digital technologies can lead to an existential threat for pre-digital firms when their managers do not assess the opportunities new digital technology can provide. Strategic actors rely on their technological frames to interpret a specific technology and whether and how they can benefit from it, which can explain why there is heterogeneity in such technology-driven Business Model Innovation (BMI). However, the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of this critical management tool because the emotional grounding of technological frames has not been examined. We conducted a qualitative case study research. Our results are based on 36 interviews. It turns out that emotions impact how people respond to digital technologies. These insights extend our understanding of technological frames as well as emotional framing and their mutual relationship and how this affects technology-driven BMI. In addition, we provide practical implications.
Evolution of geometric constant evolving along extended Ricci flow
Authors: Azami Shahroud
Published: October 2022

We investigate the behavior of the lowest geometric constant, [Formula: see text], along the extended Ricci flow such that there exist positive solutions to the following partial differential equation: [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are real constants. We drive the evolution formula for the geometric constant [Formula: see text] along the unnormalized and normalized extended Ricci flow. Moreover, we give some monotonic quantities involving [Formula: see text] along the extended Ricci flow by imposing some geometric conditions.
Ordovician Japan: geotectonic setting and palaeogeography
Authors: Isozaki Yukio
Published: October 2022

Ordovician Japan formed a mature arc-trench system developed along the palaeo-Pacific (Panthalassa) margin of the Greater South China (GSC) continental block. GSC consists of South China, East China Sea, SW–NE Japan and the Khanka–Jiamusi–Bureya megablock in the Far East; Paleozoic GSC was thus, in total, twice as large as the South China components by themselves (Yangtze and Cathaysia). The Ordovician crust of Proto-Japan comprised coeval arc-related rocks, such as granitoids, supra-subduction zone ophiolites and fore-arc basin strata, although most of them were considerably fragmented. The Ordovician and middle–late Paleozoic fossils from Japan are highly limited but suggest that Proto-Japan was positioned in the low-latitude domains probably of the palaeo-Pacific Ocean in connection to Paleo-Tethys. GSC became separated from Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic, and its Proto-Japan segment evolved as a collision-free subduction margin for nearly 500 myr since the mid-Cambrian. The GSC framework provides critical constraints to the palaeogeographical reconstruction of circum-Pacific continental blocks. First, the Cambro-Ordovician GSC should have been isolated from Australia/India/East Antarctica that formed East Gondwana by a relatively wide ocean domain for keeping ‘subduction potential’. Second, the Cathaysian margin of GSC should have faced to an extensive ocean without major continents since the Cambrian. The palaeo-Pacific is the only possible candidate for this.
Research for practice
Authors: Kleppmann Martin , Alvaro Peter
Published: October 2022

The return of a popular feature that shares the joy and utility of reading CS research between academics and their counterparts in industry.
Fog index
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: October 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

The Gunning Fog Index is supposed to provide a means of determining how easy or difficult a text will be to read. But does it? Can any formula really provide valid insights into the readability of a text? And if so, does it really matter?
Efficient Reformulation of Linear and Nonlinear Solid-Phase Diffusion in Lithium-ion Battery Models using Symmetric Polynomials: Mass Conservation and Computational Efficiency
Authors: Thiagarajan Raghav Sai , Subramaniam Akshay , Kolluri Suryanarayana , Garrick Taylor R. , Preger Yuliya , De Angelis Valerio , Lim Jinhyung , Subramanian Venkat R.
Published: October 2022

Lithium-ion batteries are typically modeled using porous electrode theory coupled with various transport and reaction mechanisms, along with suitable discretization or approximations for the solid phase diffusion equation. This represents the main computational burden for typical pseudo-2-dimensional (p2D) models since the equations for solid phase diffusion in the pseudo r-dimension must be solved at each point in the computational grid. This substantially increases the complexity of the model as well as the computational time. Traditional approaches towards simplifying solid-phase diffusion possess certain significant limitations, especially in modeling emerging electrode materials which involve phase changes and variable diffusivities. A computationally efficient representation for solid-phase diffusion is discussed in this paper based on symmetric polynomials using Orthogonal Collocation and Galerkin formulation (weak form). A systematic approach is provided to increase the accuracy of the approximation (p form in finite element methods) to enable efficient simulation with a minimal number of semi-discretized equations, ensuring mass conservation even for non-linear diffusion problems involving variable diffusivities. These methods are then demonstrated by incorporation into the full p2D model, illustrating their advantages in simulating the real-time dynamic operation of Lithium-ion batteries.
Single Coronary Artery from Right Sinus of Valsalva: A Single Center Experience of Seven Cases
Authors: Lalani Kanhai , Rao M. Sudhakar , Ramachandran Padmakumar , Ashwal A. J. , Razak Abdul U. K. , Devasia Tom , Paramasivam Ganesh , Parikh Pankti
Published: October 2022

Background. Single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly with a prevalence of 0.024–0.066%. Some anomalies are merely benign anatomical variants, whereas some can result in myocardial ischemia or life-threatening arrhythmia. Case Presentation. We described seven cases in which all three major coronaries emerged from the right sinus of Valsalva via a single ostium and supplied the vast majority of the myocardium. A smaller branch arising from the left sinus supplied a modest quantity of myocardium in some of those few cases. These SCA variations do not exactly fit into any existing classification. It is unclear whether we need to modify previous classification systems or newer classification systems. Conclusions. SCA is divided based on its anomalous course and is usually a benign condition but it may present with cardiovascular complications. Clinicians should be aware of this entity along with the role of CT angiogram in its diagnosis and management.
Comprehensive Analysis of Set-Up Gain of 6-Dimensional Cone-Beam CT Correction Method in Radiotherapy for Head and Neck and Brain Tumors
Authors: Choi Hoon Sik , Kang Ki Mun , Ha In Bong , Jeong Bae Kwon , Song Jin Ho , Kim Chul Hang , Jeong Hojin
Published: October 2022

This study quantitatively analyzed the gain of the six-dimensional (6D) cone-beam CT (CBCT) correction method compared with the conventional set-up method in 60 patients who underwent radiation treatment of head and neck and brain tumors. The correction gain of CBCT was calculated for the translational and rotational motion components separately and in combination to evaluate the individual and overall effects of these motion components. Using a statistical simulation mimicking the actual set-up correction process, the effective gain of periodic CBCT correction during the entire treatment fraction was analyzed by target size and CBCT correction period under two different correction scenarios: translation alone and full 6D corrections. From the analyses performed in this study, the gain of CBCT correction was quantitatively determined for each situation, and the appropriate CBCT correction strategy was suggested based on treatment purpose and target size.
Acute Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Point Combinations to Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis in the Minipig Model
Authors: Zhang Xuwen , Guérin Sylvie , Launay Youenn , Serrand Yann , Coquery Nicolas , Val-Laillet David
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to compare the gut-brain axis responses to acute electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoint combinations in the minipig model. Four adult Yucatan minipigs were subjected twice to four acute EA treatments (25-minute acute sessions) including sham (false acupoints) and control (no EA), during anesthesia and according to a Latin-square design paradigm. Acupoint combinations (4 loci each) are head-abdomen (#70 Dafengmen, #35 Sanwan), back (bilateral #27 Pishu, #28 Weishu), leg (bilateral #79 Hangou, #63 Housanli), and sham (2 bilateral points that are not acupoints). Electrocardiograms were performed to explore heart rate variability (HRV). Infrared thermography was used to measure skin temperature at the stimulation points. Saliva (cortisol) and blood samples (leptin, total/active ghrelin, insulin, and glucose) were collected for further analyses before and after acute EA. All animals were also subjected to BOLD fMRI to investigate the brain responses to EA. Acute EA significantly modulated several physiological and metabolic parameters compared to basal, sham, and/or control conditions, with contrasting effects in terms of BOLD responses in brain regions involved in the hedonic and cognitive control of food intake. The head-abdomen combination appeared to be the most promising combination in terms of brain modulation of the corticostriatal circuit, with upregulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and anterior cingulate cortex. It also induced significantly lower plasma ghrelin levels compared to sham, suggesting anorectic effects, as well as no temperature drop at the stimulation site. This study opens the way to a further preclinical trial aimed at investigating chronic EA in obese minipigs.
Evaluation of Lacrimal Punctal Changes by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography after Punctal Dilation Versus Punctal Plug Insertion in Cases of Inflammatory Punctual Stenosis
Authors: Awny Islam , Mossa Elshimaa A Mateen , Bakheet Tasneem Mohammed , Mahmoud Hany , Mounir Amr
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To compare simple punctal dilation versus punctal dilation augmented by insertion of Punctal Plug Insertion (PPP) with assessing the effect on resolving epiphora and punctum size improvement by an objective method, high-resolution AS-OCT imaging comparing punctal parameters of the patients before and after both techniques. Patients and Methods. It is a prospective, interventional, double-blinded controlled randomized study, which was conducted on two groups of patients, the first epiphora group (EG1 25 eyes), who had acquired punctal stenosis and epiphora and managed by simple punctal dilatation. The second epiphora group (EG2 20 eyes) who managed by punctal dilatation augmented with an application of perforated punctal plugs for two months. Spectral Domain Anterior Segment-OCT Image Acquisition. AS-OCT for lower puncti was performed using RTVue (Optovue Inc., Fermont, CA). OCT images of the width and length of the lower puncti of the participants were captured by the same operator on the same machine. Measuring of punctal size (diameter and length) was performed before treatment, one week, one month, and three months later objectively by using AS-OCT. Results. The study included 45 eyes of 50 subjects; the total coverage of epiphora patients fulfilled inclusion criteria and presented to the ophthalmology clinics of Sohag University Hospitals in the period between June 2021 and December 2021. Both groups were comparable regarding mean age (39 ± 11 vs 50 ± 12 years,

P

value = 0.4) and sex (males were 36% vs 40%, female were 64% vs 60%,

P

value = 0.5) respectively with no statistically significant difference between both groups. The mean duration of epiphora was measured in both groups before treatment (EG1 = 1.656 ± 0.41 months, EG2 = 1.73 ± 0.32 months) with no statistically significant difference (

P

value = 0.436). There was marked improvement of the outer punctual diameter and length between outer and inner puncti in EG1 (EG1 391um ± 122 um, EG2 692 ± 226 um (

P

value < 0.007) and EG1 189 ± 43 um, 380 ± 169 um (

P

value < 0.0002) during the follow-up period. EG2 showed more improvement than EG1 when compared during the follow-up period in both outer punctual diameter and length between outer and inner puncti with (

P

value < 0.003 and < 0.0002) in favor of EG2. However; both groups show improvement with the statistically significant difference in both groups by using AS-OCT. Conclusions. Punctal dilation augmented by insertion of PPP was an effective method in treating cases of inflammatory punctual stenosis as found by monitoring of punctal parameters changes by AS-OCT. AS-OCT was found a useful method for the evaluation of the lacrimal punctal parameters, especially with different treatment modalities in epiphora cases.