bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mo on the Phase Transformation, Microstructure, and Hardness of Q500qENH Weathering Steel of Bridge Construction during Continuous Cooling
Authors: Ke Zhang , Li‐Zhi Li , Wen‐Sheng Liu , Shao‐Bo Meng , Dang‐Wei Xu , Zhong Huang , Ming‐Ya Zhang , Zhao‐Dong Li , Zheng‐Dong Liu
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the precipitation behavior of Mo element in the continuous cooling phase transformation process of weathering steel of bridge construction and its influence on microstructure and hardness. The results demonstrate that the addition of Mo leads to the narrowing of the phase transformation interval of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, the expansion of the bainite transformation zone, a delayed bainite phase transformation process, and the refinement of bainite microstructure. Moreover, theoretical calculations of bainite phase transformation kinetics reveal that the average activation energy for bainite transformation in Mo‐free and Mo‐containing steels is 94.8 and 134.0 kJ mol−1, respectively. The new grains of Mo‐free steel mainly grow in a 2D mode, while Mo containing steel mainly grows in a 1D mode, which confirms the retarding effect of Mo on bainite grain growth. Additionally, Mo significantly increases the number density and refines the size of precipitated phases in weathering steel of bridge construction. Within the cooling rate range of 0.1–30 °C s−1, the hardness of weathering steel of bridge construction is enhanced by Mo, with the magnitude of hardness increment decreasing as the cooling rate increases. This behavior is primarily governed by the combined influence of phase transformation strengthening and precipitation strengthening.
Effect of Refining Slag Composition on the Cleanliness of Oriented Silicon Steel
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Min , Pang Weiguang , Xing Lidong , Bao Yanping
Published: October 2024

To improve the cleanliness of oriented silicon steel, industrial experiments are performed under different refining slag composition conditions. The results show that the use of medium‐basicity refining slag (w(CaO)/w(SiO2) = 2.3–2.6, w(CaO)/w(Al2O3) = 2.3–2.6) results in higher steel cleanliness with lower Al2O3 volume fraction, and smaller inclusions. In addition, the thermodynamic equilibrium between the oriented silicon steel slag and the molten steel is investigated at a temperature of 1873 K (1600 °C) to understand the effect of different slag compositions on the oxygen content and Al2O3 absorption capacity. Furthermore, a mathematical model is introduced to describe the behavior of inclusions at the steel–slag interface as well as to predict the removal of oxide inclusions during the slag‐refining process. The experimental and predicted results for inclusion removal after slag refining are in good agreement.
Development and Validation of Trace Level Quantification of Nine Azido Genotoxic Impurities in Losartan Potassium Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kondaveti Praveen Kumar , Sanasi Paul Douglas , Saravanan G , Yeruva Koti Reddy , Palla Mahesh
Published: October 2024

The objective of the study is to develop a sensitive and simple liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of nine azido impurities in Losartan potassium active pharmaceutical ingredients. An advanced analytical method should be developed to determine these nine Azido impurities at 0.5 ppm level. Currently, no such method is reported to control these impurities in losartan potassium drug substance. The nine impurities separation was achieved using Hypersil ODS stationary phase with gradient elution and mobile phase of 0.1 M ammonium acetate as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B. The developed method was found to be sensitive to the limit of detection and limit of quantitation levels as per the International Council for Harmonization M7 guidelines. The method was linear from 0.5 ppm to 15 ppm for all nine azido impurities. This is a single method for the simultaneous determination of all azido impurities in the presence of losartan potassium drug substance at 0.5 ppm and the same method used in the quality control laboratory for sample analysis.
An Improved Nonlinear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller via Sine Function and Whale Optimization Algorithm for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Speed Control
Authors: Wang Longda , Liu Gang , Xu Chuanfang
Published: October 2024

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) speed control has gained wide application in various fields. Specifically, there is a disadvantage that nonlinear functions in the conventional active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is non‐differentiable at the piecewise points. Thus, an improved nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller (NLADRC) for permanent magnet synchronous motor speed control via sine function and whale optimization algorithm (WOA), abbreviated as NLADRC‐sin‐IWOA, is proposed to overcome this drawback. Considering the unsatisfactory control effect caused by the poor active disturbance resisting ability of the traditional PMSM controllers, this paper proposes an improved NLADRC for PMSM, that reconstructs a novel differentiable and smooth nonlinear function, the novel nonlinear function grounded on primitive function by the function of inverse hyperbolic, sine, square functions, and with difference fitting approach; and designs an improved whale optimization algorithm via convergence factor nonlinear decreasing, Gaussian variation and adaptive cross strategies. The experimental results findings show that the improved NLADRC‐sin‐IWOA has the advantages of response fast, small steady‐state error and tiny overshoot. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Warmed Versus Room Temperature Intravenous Fluids Administration to Prevent Intraoperative Heat Loss in Anaesthetised Calves Undergoing Umbilical Herniorrhaphy
Authors: Okur Sitkican , Yanmaz Latif Emrah , Senocak Mumin Gökhan , Golgeli Ayse , Turgut Ferda , Orhun Omer Tarik , Kocaman Yakup , Ersoz Ugur
Published: October 2024

Background

Warmed intravenous (IV) fluids administration to prevent hypothermia provide controversial results in humans, cats and dogs, but its effect on calves is unknown.

Objectivxe

To evaluate the effectiveness of warmed IV fluids administered to prevent intraoperative heat loss in anaesthetised calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Methods

Thirty Simmental breed calves (aged 10–30 days) were randomly divided between two equal groups, wherein the infusion fluid (Ringer's lactate, 5 mL/kg/h) was administered either at room temperature (Group RoT) or warmed (Group WF). Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (fR), peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded immediately after the onset of anaesthesia induction (T0) at T5, T10, T15, T30, T45 and T60. Duration of anaesthesia, surgery time and recovery scores were also noted.

Results

The PR, RT and fR values showed no significant difference between groups over time (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in duration of anaesthesia, surgery time or recovery score between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings of the current study suggest that warmed IV fluid as the warming method did not prevent intraoperative hypothermia in calves. A constant‐rate infusion of warmed fluid (5 mL/kg/h) is insufficient to prevent intraoperative hypothermia in calves.
Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumour in the orbit of a domestic shorthair cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Zeliger Mirabella , Roberts Jordan K. , Shaw Gillian C. , Taylor Ryan
Published: October 2024

A 13‐year‐old, domestic shorthair cat presented for evaluation of left‐sided exophthalmos, epiphora and third eyelid elevation of approximately 4‐month duration. Based on ophthalmic exam findings, a retrobulbar mass was suspected. Computed tomography of the head revealed a fluid to soft‐tissue, non‐contrast‐enhancing mass caudoventral to the left globe. Based on these findings, a retrobulbar abscess was considered the most likely differential, while a neoplastic mass could not be completely excluded. The mass and left globe were surgically excised via a modified lateral orbitotomy and exenteration. Histopathology and special staining of the mass was consistent with an orbital primitive neuroectodermal tumour, while the globe was unremarkable.
The influence of domestic dogs on the spatial and temporal distribution of tayra
Authors: Manzo Isabele Aparecida , Gonçalves da Silva Rodolpho , Bianchi Rita C.
Published: October 2024

The domestic dog Canis familiaris is an exotic species known to have impacts on native fauna and it may induce spatial and temporal segregation in other species as a mechanism to reduce agonistic interactions. The tayra Eira barbara, a medium‐sized, widely distributed mustelid, is one of the species that can be affected. To test this hypothesis, between 2020 and 2022, we installed camera traps in an agricultural landscape composed of a protected area, agro‐livestock areas, an urban area, and several rural households. We calculated the activity patterns, their overlapping coefficients and generated models to explain the species's occupancy and verify possible interferences. We obtained 32 records of tayras and 100 of domestic dogs. In only 8 of 73 sampling points, the two species occurred concomitantly. Activity overlap was 68%; however, at the points where both species occurred, the overlap was 43%. Tayra showed to be positively associated with forest areas, and negatively with agricultural exploitation areas. Dogs predominantly occupied agricultural areas and were negatively related to forest areas. In addition to dog interference, which seems to affect tayra's use of the landscape, environmental conditions are also essential in describing the occupancy of the subordinate species. It is possible that their scansorial habit is important to avoid agonistic events.
Literature Review
Authors: Born Marius
Published: October 2024

This chapter delineates the research space and highlights significant conceptual contributions to the fields of storytelling and argumentation, as these are the primary lenses through which the case study is analyzed. Section 2.1 delves into the concept of trust and explains related terms such as confidence, credibility, image, and reputation. Section 2.2 explores storytelling from a broad historical perspective, discussing influential narrative structures, some of whose origins date back centuries. Section 2.3 examines argumentation with a focus on the pragma-dialectical approach and outlines the steps and tools critical to argumentative reconstruction in case analysis. In addition, it addresses key points of attack relevant to counter argumentation, which are of particular importance for the analysis of the crisis episode in the case study.
Nikola’s Rise
Authors: Born Marius
Published: October 2024

Chapter 5 traces Nikola’s rapid ascent to becoming a $30 billion corporation, with a stock market value that briefly surpassed that of the Ford Motor Company. This rise was largely driven by founder Trevor Milton, who captivated investors with promises of a sustainable alternative to diesel trucks. Milton’s persuasive communication significantly increased the company’s stock value but also made the startup particularly vulnerable. Using the Nikola Corporation as a cautionary tale, this chapter provides an in-depth examination of the methods and tools necessary for startups to overcome initial skepticism and data limitations while avoiding potential crises. It emphasizes the importance of crafting compelling startup narratives while maintaining trustworthiness and structuring arguments in a way that convincingly meets investors’ information needs.
The State of Agricultural Transformation in Taiwan, China; the Philippines; Ethiopia; and Malawi
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle
Published: October 2024

In order to gain a nuanced insight into the causal connections between political leadership and agricultural transformation, the book studies four empirical country case studies. The cases include both successful and unsuccessful cases of agricultural transformations. This chapter outlines the first step of our empirical inquiry and takes stock of the state of the agricultural transformation in our four cases. This includes the well-known successful agricultural transformation in Taiwan, China (1950–1980), the failed agricultural transformations in the Philippines (1946–2020) and Malawi (1964–2020), and the mixed record of Ethiopia’s agricultural transformation (1994–2020).
A 20-Year Retrospective and Trend Analysis of China’s National Spatial Development
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

Over the past two decades, China’s comprehensive national strength has continuously increased, leading to significant changes in the national spatial pattern and profound impacts on the world economy and global urban systems. The country’s share of global GDP has risen from 3.6 to 17.0%, making it the world’s second-largest economy after the United States. The urban population has grown from 450 to 930 million, experiencing the largest and fastest urbanization process in world history.
Theoretical Review of Urban Spatial Development
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

The science of human settlements advocated by Mr. Wu Liangyong is important for analyzing and understanding the law of urban spatial development and making sound urban spatial planning at the macro level. According to the theory, human settlements refer to the human-centered living environment that covers both man and other living beings and people’s living systems. Any human settlement is founded on the following five aspects: ecology, economy, technology, society and human and culture. Drawing on the idea of systems science, the theory proposes a new methodology for the study of urban spatial development at different levels, believing that human settlement is a complex giant system composed of the five levels of the globe, regions, cities, communities (villages and towns), and architectures, which demands a coherent and comprehensive research method, and that the study of cities and regions should be regarded as a science about the whole and wholeness. The discourse of spatial planning at the regional (including national) level focused on the experience of the Netherlands, stating that there is a certain correlation between the resource conditions and population density of the country on the one hand, and the impact of national policies on the region on the other.
Review of Urban Spatial Development History in Modern China
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

The Opium War in 1840 ushered in the era of semi-feudal and semi-colonial society in China. The capitalist invaders forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, helping them open the door to China, which led to the development of commerce and trade in the coastal port cities. Against the background of “Westernization Movement”, national capitalism also developed to a certain extent, leading to the rapid development of the industrial and commercial cities along the coast.
Theory and Methods for Urban Spatial Development in China
Authors: Wang Kai
Published: October 2024

After more than 20 years of rocketing economic growth and rapid urbanization, China has reached a turning point in development. With per capita GDP reaching $1000 by the end of 2004, China has entered a stage of major social transformation which has been recognized by the international community. The level of urbanization has reached 41.7%, entering the period of rising urbanization in the “S”-shaped curve portrayed by R. Northam, an American geographer. Although there are different views on the path of China’s urbanization and future development, there is a broad consensus that China’s urbanization will continue to grow fast in the foreseeable future, or 15–20 years to come (The 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development, promulgated in March 2006, estimates that the level of urbanization in China will reach 47% by 2010.). J. Stiglitz, the 2001 Nobel Laureate in economics, even juxtaposed the urbanization in China and the high-tech industry in the U.S. as the two major events affecting the world economy in the twenty-first century.
Ultra-high frequency gravitational waves from scattering, Bremsstrahlung and decay during reheating
Authors: Xu Yong
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate ultra-high frequency gravitational waves (GWs) from gravitons generated during inflationary reheating. Specifically, we study inflaton scattering with its decay product, where the couplings involved in this 2 → 2 scattering are the same as those in the 1 → 3 graviton Bremsstrahlung process. We compute the graviton production rate via such 2 → 2 scattering. Additionally, we compare the resulting GW spectrum with that from Bremsstrahlung as well as that from pure 2 → 2 inflaton scatterings. For completeness, the GW spectrum from graviton pair production through one-loop induced 1 → 2 inflaton decay is also analyzed. With a systematic comparison among the four sources of GWs, we find that 2 → 2 inflaton scattering with its decay product can dominate over Bremsstrahlung if the reheating temperature is larger than the inflaton mass. Pure inflaton 2 → 2 scattering is typically subdominant compared to Bremsstrahlung except in the high-frequency tail. The contribution from one-loop induced 1 → 2 inflaton decay is shown to be suppressed compared to Bremsstrahlung and pure inflaton 2 → 2 scattering.
Solitonic ground state in supersymmetric theory in background
Authors: Nitta Muneto , Sasaki Shin
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A solitonic ground state called a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) is realized in a supersymmetric theory with background magnetic field and finite chemical potential. To this end, we construct, in the superfield formalism, a supersymmetric chiral sine-Gordon model as a neutral pion sector of a supersymmetric two-flavor chiral Lagrangian with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. The CSL ground state appears in the presence of either a strong magnetic field and/or large chemical potential, or a background fermionic condensate in the form of a fermion bilinear consisting of the gaugino and a superpartner of a baryon gauge field.
Conformal Yang-Mills field in (A)dS space
Authors: Metsaev R. R.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ordinary-derivative (second-derivative) Lagrangian formulation of classical conformal Yang-Mills field in the (A)dS space of six, eight, and ten dimensions is developed. For such conformal field, we develop two gauge invariant Lagrangian formulations which we refer to as generic formulation and decoupled formulation. In both formulations, the usual Yang-Mills field is accompanied by additional vector and scalar fields where the scalar fields are realized as Stueckelberg fields. In the generic formulation, the usual Yang-Mills field is realized as a primary field, while the additional vector fields are realized as auxiliary fields. In the decoupled formulation, the usual Yang-Mills field is realized as massless field, while the additional vector fields together with the Stueckelberg are realized as massive fields. Some massless/massive fields appear with the wrong sign of kinetic terms, hence demonstrating explicitly that the considered models are not unitary. The use of embedding space method allows us to treat the isometry symmetries of (A)dS space manifestly and obtain conformal transformations of fields in a relatively straightforward way. By accompanying each vector field by the respective gauge parameter, we introduce an extended gauge algebra. Levy-Maltsev decomposition of such algebra is noted. Use of the extended gauge algebra setup allows us to present concise form for the Lagrangian and gauge transformations of the conformal Yang-Mills field. Higher-derivative representation of the Lagrangian is also obtained.
Self-dual cosmology
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Lipstein Arthur , Nagy Silvia
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We construct cosmological spacetimes with a self-dual Weyl tensor whose dynamics are described by conformally coupled scalars with only cubic self-interactions. Similar to the previously discovered cases in flat and (Anti) de Sitter backgrounds, the interactions are characterized by a bracket that encodes a kinematic algebra. We discuss how the color-kinematics duality and double copy are realized in these cosmological backgrounds. If we further impose that the Ricci scalar is that of an FLRW spacetime, we find two new self-dual metrics corresponding to radiation-dominated and coasting (non-accelerating) FLRW backgrounds. Relaxing this requirement, we find an infinite family of solutions given by three different conformal classes of cosmological self-dual metrics. These solutions approximate those of FLRW as long as we impose a simple additional constraint on the scalar theory.
Rotating AdS3 × S3 and dyonic strings from 3-dimensions
Authors: Deger Nihat Sadik , Deral Ceren Ayse , Saha Aritra , Sarıoğlu Özgür
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We make a general Killing spinor analysis of a particular D = 3, N = 4 gauged supergravity that comes from a consistent S3 reduction of D = 6, N = (1, 0) supergravity coupled to a single chiral tensor multiplet. We then focus on its supersymmetric solutions with a null Killing vector and find three new ones. Two of these, namely the null warped AdS3 (also known as the Schrödinger spacetime) and the charged domain wall solutions, admit non-trivial gauge fields which give rise to rotating solutions in 6-dimensions. The uplift of the first one produces an interesting AdS3 × S3 background with a non-trivial rotation in the U(1) fiber direction of the S3 which retains the Schrödinger scale invariance that the seed solution has. The second one leads to the well-known rotating dyonic string solution. Finally, the uplift of the third one, which is a domain wall solution with no gauge fields, results in a distribution of dyonic strings.
Precision tests of bulk entanglement entropy
Authors: Chowdhury Barsha G. , David Justin R. , Dutta Semanti , Mukherjee Jyotirmoy
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We consider linear superpositions of single particle excitations in a scalar field theory on AdS3 and evaluate their contribution to the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi surface. We compare the entanglement entropy of these excitations obtained using the Faulkner-Lewkowycz-Maldacena formula to the entanglement entropy of linear superposition of global descendants of a conformal primary in a large c CFT obtained using the replica trick. We show that the closed form expressions for the entanglement entropy in the small interval expansion both in gravity and the CFT precisely agree. The agreement serves as a non-trivial check of the FLM formula for the quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy as well as the methods developed in the CFT to evaluate entanglement entropy of descendants. Our checks includes an example in which the state is time dependent and spatially in-homogenous as well another example involving a coherent state with a Bañados geometry as its holographic dual.
Probing a light long-lived pseudo-scalar from Higgs decay via displaced taus at the LHC
Authors: Shan Lianyou , Wang Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhu Rui
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A light (GeV mass) long-lived (cτ around dozens of millimeters) CP-odd scalar can be readily predicted in new physics models. In this work we investigate the Higgs decay into such a light scalar plus a Z-boson and take the aligned two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) as an example. This light long-lived scalar, with the dominant decay to tau leptons, will fly over a distance from the production point and present a displaced vertex in an Inner Detector of a generally purposed experiment like ATLAS or CMS. In our study we focus on the LHC experiment and perform Monte Carlo simulations for the signal and backgrounds. We demonstrate some benchmark points for the aligned 2HDM and find the signal to be detectable when the luminosity is accumulated to 300 fb−1. So our study suggests an experimental search for this process in the ongoing LHC.
Hunting 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SQED in the ϵ-expansion
Authors: Breitstein Yacov-Nir , Sharon Adar
Published: October 2024

Abstract

It was recently shown that 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric Wess-Zumino models can be studied in the ϵ-expansion by analytically continuing the number of fermionic degrees of freedom to be half-integer. In this work we study the extension of this strategy to gauge theories. We consider U(1) gauge theories with Ng neutral Majorana fermions χa, Nf charge-1 bosons ϕi and Nf × Ng charge-1 Dirac fermions ψia in the d = 4 − 2ϵ expansion. Analytically continuing to Ng = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

schematically matches the Lagrangian and matter content of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SQED, and we check whether this match can be made rigorous. We compute anomalous dimensions of χa up to two loops and of meson operators up to one loop at the fixed points, and compare to expectations from SUSY. While we find obstructions to SUSY at small Nf, at large Nf the observables approach the expected values at a SUSY fixed point. This may allow for checks of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 IR dualities between gauge theories.
Flow-based nonperturbative simulation of first-order phase transitions
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Ting-Kuo
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We present a flow-based method for simulating and calculating nucleation rates of first-order phase transitions in scalar field theory on a lattice. Motivated by recent advancements in machine learning tools, particularly normalizing flows for lattice field theory, we propose the “partitioning flow-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (PFMCMC) sampling” method to address two challenges encountered in normalizing flow applications for lattice field theory: the “mode-collapse” and “rare-event sampling” problems. Using a (2+1)-dimensional real scalar model as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our PFMCMC method in modeling highly hierarchical order parameter probability distributions and simulating critical bubble configurations. These simulations are then used to facilitate the calculation of nucleation rates. We anticipate the application of this method to (3+1)-dimensional theories for studying realistic cosmological phase transitions.
The Invariant Measure for a Countable Generalized Iterated Function System
Authors: Abraham Izabella
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to answer one of the open questions raised in Strobin [Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst. 19, 85 (2020)] of whether there exists an invariant (Hutchinson) measure for generalized iterated function systems of any order, consisting of a countably infinite number of maps. Our results likewise strengthen those obtained in Secelean [Mediterr. J. Math. 11, 361–372 (2014)], where the existence of the invariant measure is ascertained only for the case of generalized iterated function systems of order 2, consisting of functions which satisfy a particular contractive condition.
Dean–Kawasaki equation with initial condition in the space of positive distributions
Authors: Konarovskyi Vitalii , Müller Fenna
Published: October 2024

We show that the Dean–Kawasaki equation does not admit non-trivial solutions in the space of tempered measures. More specifically, we consider martingale solutions taking values, and with initial conditions, in the subspace of measures admitting infinite mass and satisfying some integrability conditions. Following work by the first author, Lehmann and von Renesse (Electron Commun Probab 24:3916340, 2019), we show that the equation only admits solutions if the initial measure is a discrete measure. Our result extends the previously mentioned works by allowing measures with infinite mass.
Large deviation principle of stochastic evolution equations with reflection
Authors: Brzeźniak Zdzisław , Li Qi , Zhang Tusheng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we establish a large deviation principle for stochastic evolution equations with reflection in an infinite-dimensional ball. Weak convergence approach plays an important role.
Investigating novel optical soliton solutions for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional q-deformed equation
Authors: Ali Khalid K.
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate the (3+1) q-deformed tanh-Gordon equation due to its importance in the context of mathematical physics. It describes solitonic solutions in quantum field theory; it can sometimes be used in condensed matter physics to describe interactions between particles in magnetic materials or superconductors; it can model light propagation in nonlinear optical fibers or photonic crystals where the refractive index has a q-deformed structure; and it also can be applied in studying shock waves, turbulence and rogue waves where the deformation introduces corrections to classical wave phenomena. Utilizing the $$(\frac{{\mathfrak {G}}^{\prime }}{\omega {\mathfrak {G}}^{\prime }+{\mathfrak {G}}+r})$$

(

G

′

ω

G

′

+
G
+
r

)

-expansion technique, we derive novel analytical solutions that enhance our understanding of the underlying dynamics. Additionally, we employ a finite element method (extended cubic B-spline method) to validate our analytical findings and explore the behavior of the q-deformed equation under different parameter regimes. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the q-deformed framework in generating rich optical phenomena, paving the way for future research in both theoretical and applied physics.
Trace maps on rigid Stein spaces
Authors: Malčić Milan
Published: October 2024

We provide a relative version of the trace map from the work of Beyer, which can be associated to any finite étale morphism $$ X \rightarrow Y$$

X
→
Y

of smooth rigid Stein spaces and which then relates the Serre duality on X with the Serre duality on Y. Furthermore, we consider the behaviour of any rigid Stein space under (completed) base change to any complete extension field and deduce a commutative diagram relating Serre duality over the base field with the Serre duality over the extension field.
Repositioning of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Viral Infections
Authors: Bustos-Hamdan Anaíd , Bracho-Gallardo Jair Isidoro , Hamdan-Partida Aída , Bustos-Martínez Jaime
Published: October 2024

Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, is a currently tested approach by which new uses are being assigned for already tested drugs. In this case there are antibiotics that are used to combat bacterial infections. However, antibiotics are among the drugs that have been studied for possible antiviral activities. Therefore, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the studies of antibiotics that could be repositioned for the treatment of viral infections. Among the main antibiotics that have demonstrated antiviral activity are macrolides and glycopeptides. In addition, several antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides have also been studied for their antiviral activity. These antibiotics have demonstrated antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA viruses, including the recent pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2. Some of these antibiotics were selected in addition to its antiviral activity for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Of the antibiotics that present antiviral activity, in many cases the mechanisms of action are not exactly known. The use of these antibiotics to combat viral infections remains controversial and is not generally accepted, since clinical trials are required to prove its effectiveness. Therefore, there is currently no antibiotic approved as antiviral therapy. Hence is necessary to present the studies carried out on antibiotics that can be repositioned in the future as antiviral drugs.
Preclinical research (on rare diseases): we need to talk about health equity
Authors: Greenfield Andy
Published: October 2024

There is a thriving, worldwide, biomedical research community working to understand the molecular bases of diseases of all types, continuously driving improved diagnostics and therapies. Developments in genetics and experimental medicine are yielding novel genetic therapies that were hardly dreamt of 40 years ago. But along with these scientific achievements, there exist challenges in ensuring that 21st century medical interventions are accessible to all who need them. This perspective will discuss how preclinical research, with a focus on rare diseases, can better contribute to healthcare ecosystems that are oriented towards greater health equity. This contribution may require changes to the prevailing scientific research culture that will need support from relevant institutions and the wider community.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a novel preoperative index for quantitative analysis of photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes
Authors: Quarta Alberto , Govetto Andrea , Porreca Annamaria , Toto Lisa , Di Nicola Marta , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Gironi Matteo , Nubile Mario , Agnifili Luca , Romano Mario R. , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To identify novel quantitative parameters for evaluating photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes (FTMH), exploring their potential clinical impact on postoperative functional and anatomical recovery.

Methods

This pilot study enrolled 38 eyes from 38 patients diagnosed with FTMH. Preoperatively, eyes underwent analysis and were subsequently followed for six months post-surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded, and cross-sectional images of FTMH were obtained using B-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en-face OCT. Quantitative assessment of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity changes was conducted and correlated with postoperative anatomical and functional recovery. The photoreceptor Integrity Index (PIIN), calculated as the ratio of photoreceptor area to lumen hole area measured at customized segmentation, was correlated with the minimum and base diameters of the hole, positive change in BCVA, preoperative EZ defect (EZd), preoperative ELM defect (ELMd), and changes in EZ and ELM over the six-month follow-up period (∆-EZ and ∆-ELM). The main outcome measures focused on evaluating the effectiveness of PIIN in predicting postoperative anatomical and functional changes.

Results

A higher PIIN correlated with a greater BCVA change over six months (p < 0.001). Univariate regression analysis using the PIIN as a predictor for positive change in BCVA (|∆-BCVA| [logMAR]) over time yielded significant results (p < 0.001). Additionally, the PIIN significantly correlated with EZd at baseline, ELM at baseline, and ELMd change over the six-month follow-up period.

Conclusion

The PIIN shows promise as a tool for evaluating photoreceptor loss in macular holes and estimating postoperative functional and anatomical recovery.

Key messages

What is known

Previous studies have extensively used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate various biomarkers for assessing patients with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), without considering detailed MH ultrastructural features

Existing indexes used to predict surgical outcomes for FTMH primarily depend on geometrical parameters and do not integrate detailed ultrastructural characteristics, such as cellular components. 

What is new

A novel concept introduces the quantitative measurement of residual photoreceptors located at the edge of FTMH.

The Photoreceptor Integrity Index (PIIN) integrates different ultrastructural components of macular holes, aiming to become a valuable clinical tool to predict both anatomical and functional recovery outcomes following surgical intervention for FTMH.
Sex differences in recovery from postoperative sarcopenia during adjuvant CAPOX therapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Nozawa Hiroaki , Abe Shinya , Abe Kentaro , Yokota Yumi , Hori Shunsuke , Yakabe Mitsutaka , Sasaki Kazuhito , Emoto Shigenobu , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Sonoda Hirofumi , Murono Koji , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Nagai Yuzo , Shinagawa Takahide , Akishita Masahiro , Ishihara Soichiro
Published: October 2024

Background

Women are predisposed to develop intolerance to cancer chemotherapy. Sarcopenia and chemotherapy are mutually related. Women are generally intolerable to chemotherapeutics such as 5-fluorouracil. Although adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, e.g. CAPOX is commonly used to treat colorectal cancer, its effects on patients in terms of sarcopenia and sex remain unknown. We investigated sex disparities in the impacts of CAPOX on body composition in this study.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study on diagnostic metrics used for sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant CAPOX. Evaluations of the nutritional status by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), gait speed, grip strength, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content using a body composition analyzer were performed in the first, fourth, and eighth cycles of CAPOX (first, second, and third measurements, respectively).

Results

Among 80 eligible patients, 61 completed four CAPOX cycles. The median differences in MNA, gait, grip strength, muscle mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content between the first and second measurements for men (n = 35) and women (n = 26) were + 10.5% and + 2.9% (p = 0.067), + 4.5% and − 2.6% (p = 0.16), + 1.8% and + 2.8% (p = 0.66), + 2.7% and + 1.3% (p = 0.021), + 4.5% and + 3.5% (p = 0.59), and + 3.3% and + 0.0% (p = 0.006), There were no sex differences in comparisons of the above metrics between the first and third measurements in 34 patients who completed eight CAPOX cycles (19 wen and 15 women).

Conclusions

Early cycles of adjuvant CAPOX may have a negative impact on the postoperative recovery of several metrics for diagnosing sarcopenia in women.
Camillo Golgi’s contributions to the anatomic basis of sensitivity in tendons
Authors: Garbarino Maria Carla , Pisani Antonio , Biggiogera Marco , Mazzarello Paolo
Published: October 2024

Between 1878 and 1880 Camillo Golgi, professor of Histology and General Pathology at the University of Pavia, studied the termination of the nerves inside the tendons, near their muscular insertion. He defined two fundamental categories of corpuscles. The first type, which he called muscle-tendon terminal organs, was morphologically characterized by spindle structures which at one end seemed to relate to the muscle fibers while at the other end they gradually merged with the tendon bundles. Golgi discovered that these structures received from one to four myelinated nerve fibers, which lost their myelin sheath as they entered the bundle, within which they divided dichotically, ending in a large number of terminal arborizations that had the appearance of reticular intertwines. In the superficial thickness of the tendon, near the muscle, Golgi also noticed a second category of corpuscles, which he described as claviform bodies or formations similar to Pacinian bodies. In 1890 Vittorio Mazzoni precisely defined their morphological characteristics. These corpuscles were later called Golgi muscle-tendon organs and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. On the basis of their position and histological appearance, Golgi also correctly hypothesized their physiological role: to be receptors of muscular tension for the muscle-tendon organs and transducers of sensitivity to touch and pressure for the Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles.
Role of clipping in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a post hoc analysis of the Earlydrain trial
Authors: Mertens Robert , Wolf Stefan , Wessels Lars , Hecht Nils , Gempt Jens , Meyer Bernhard , Ringel Florian , Rohde Veit , Vajkoczy Peter ,   for the Earlydrain Study Group
Published: October 2024

The choice between clipping and coiling of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains controversial. The recently published Earlydrain trial provides the opportunity to analyze the latest clip-to-coil ratio in German-speaking countries and to evaluate vasospasm incidence and explorative outcome measures in both treatment modalities. We performed a post hoc analysis of the Earlydrain trial, a multicenter randomized controlled trial investigating the use of an additional lumbar drain in aneurysmal SAH. The decision whether to clip or to coil the ruptured aneurysm was left to the discretion of the participating centers, providing a real-world insight into current aneurysm treatment strategies. Earlydrain was performed in 19 centers in Germany, Switzerland, and Canada, recruiting 287 patients with aneurysmal SAH of all severity grades. Of these, 140 patients (49%) received clipping and 147 patients (51%) coiling. Age and clinical severity based on Hunt-Hess/WFNS grades and radiological criteria were similar. Clipping was more frequently used for anterior circulation aneurysms (55%), whereas posterior circulation aneurysms were mostly coiled (86%, p < 0.001). In high-volume recruiting centers, 56% of patients were treated with clipping, compared to 38% in other centers. A per-year analysis showed a stable and balanced clipping/coiling ratio over time. Regarding vasospasm, 60% of clipped versus 43% of coiled patients showed elevated transcranial Doppler criteria (p = 0.007), reflected in angiographic vasospasm rates (51% vs. 38%, p = 0.03). In contrast to the Earlydrain main results establishing the superiority of an additional lumbar drain, explorative outcomes after clipping and coiling measured by secondary infarctions, mortality, modified Rankin Score, Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended, or Barthel-Index showed no significant differences after discharge and at six months. In clinical practice, aneurysm clipping is still a frequently used method in aneurysmal SAH. Apart from a higher rate of vasospasm in the clipping group, an exploratory outcome analysis showed no difference between the two treatment methods. Further development of periprocedural treatment modalities for clipped ruptured aneurysms to reduce vasospasm is warranted.
Drought field experiments: how to adapt rainout shelters to agroforestry?
Authors: Bachakdjian Lory , Blanchet Guillaume , Gosme Marie , Bourdoncle Jean-François , Dupraz Christian
Published: October 2024

Agroforestry could be a major strategy to adapt agriculture to climate change, thanks to the microclimate effects of trees and improved infiltration. However, the experimental validation of these claims is scarce. In this methodological review, we discuss options for the experimental simulation of drought conditions in agroforestry field experiments, comparing it with strategies adopted in natural, agricultural, or forestry ecosystems. We classify rainout shelters used in field experiments according to mobility, completeness of rain interception and height of rainout shelter. We show that specificities of agroforestry systems create constraints and require compromises in the design and operation of rainout shelters. We conclude that large rainout shelters, which induce drought for both the trees and the crops while limiting artifacts and biases, would be most relevant for studying the resistance of agroforestry systems to drought. Unfortunately, the review of rainout shelters already used in agroforestry systems reveals a lack of rainout shelters capable of intercepting rain on both trees and crops, achieving total rain interception, while being relatively low-cost and manageable by a small team. Therefore, we benchmark three novel rainout shelter designs that we tested in a mature agroforestry system under Mediterranean climatic conditions. We discuss their advantages and disadvantages in terms of both scientific and operational aspects. While compromises had to be done between experimental design, risks of artifact/bias, effectiveness, ease of installation, operation and maintenance, and agricultural management, these prototypes are starting points for achieving well-performing rainout shelters and testing the effects of drought in agroforestry experiments.
20 years review of the multi actor multi criteria analysis (MAMCA) framework: a proposition of a systematic guideline
Authors: Huang He , Heuninckx Shary , Macharis Cathy
Published: October 2024

Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) involves evaluating alternatives based on a comprehensive set of conflicting criteria, often requiring the involvement of varied decision makers. This has led to the emergence of stakeholder-based multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) frameworks. However, traditional MCGDM frequently overlooks the interactions and trade-offs among different actors and criteria. The Multi-actor Multi-criteria Analysis (MAMCA), developed in 2000, provides a transparent decision-making process explicitly considering these interrelationships. It allows diverse stakeholder groups to represent their priorities, thereby enhancing their understanding of their own and others’ positions. Over the past two decades, MAMCA has seen a significant rise in popularity and has been widely applied in diverse contexts, proving valuable as both a decision-making and stakeholder engagement tool. However, our analysis of publications on cases in which MAMCA was applied over the years shows that considerable variation exists in the overall process approach, contingent upon the specific goals and context. To address these variations, this paper proposes a modularized MAMCA structure, complemented by systematic application guidelines, to aid future users in navigating the process steps and identifying the most suitable methods for each step. Additionally, future research directions are suggested for potential enhancements to the MAMCA framework by integrating varied methodologies.
Smartphone-driven centrifugal microfluidics for diagnostics in resource limited settings
Authors: Lapins Noa , Akhtar Ahmad S. , Banerjee Indradumna , Kazemzadeh Amin , Pinto Inês F. , Russom Aman
Published: October 2024

The broad availability of smartphones has provided new opportunities to develop less expensive, portable, and integrated point-of-care (POC) platforms. Here, a platform that consists of three main components is introduced: a portable housing, a centrifugal microfluidic disc, and a mobile phone. The mobile phone supplies the electrical power and serves as an analysing system. The low-cost housing made from cardboard serves as a platform to conduct tests. The electrical energy stored in mobile phones was demonstrated to be adequate for spinning a centrifugal disc up to 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM), a rotation speed suitable for majority of centrifugal microfluidics-based assays. For controlling the rotational speed, a combination of magnetic and acoustic tachometry using embedded sensors of the mobile phone was used. Experimentally, the smartphone-based tachometry was proven to be comparable with a standard laser-based tachometer. As a proof of concept, two applications were demonstrated using the portable platform: a colorimetric sandwich immunoassay to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2) having a limit of detection (LOD) of 65.17 ng/mL and a fully automated measurement of hematocrit level integrating blood-plasma separation, imaging, and image analysis that takes less than 5 mins to complete. The low-cost platform weighing less than 150 g and operated by a mobile phone has the potential to meet the REASSURED criteria for advanced diagnostics in resource limited settings.
Invariant manifolds near $$L_1$$ and $$L_2$$ in the Sun–Jupiter elliptic restricted three-body problem II: the dynamics of comet Oterma
Authors: Duarte Gladston , Jorba Àngel
Published: October 2024

Comet 39P/Oterma is known to make fast transitions between heliocentric orbits outside the orbit of Jupiter and heliocentric orbits inside that of Jupiter. In this paper, the dynamics of comet Oterma is modelled and fitted in the Planar Elliptic RTBP. Using the computations presented in Duarte(Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron 136:26, 2024), we look for the invariant objects around

$$L_1$$

L
1

and

$$L_2$$

L
2

, which in the case of the Planar Elliptic RTBP is invariant tori and their stable and unstable manifolds that are the skeleton that guides Oterma in its rapid transition.