bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Results of an indivisualised mini-metal implant for Cartilage lesions in the knee
Authors: Holz Johannes , Spalding Tim , Karl Eriksson , Jung Tobias M. , Verdonk Peter , Kösters Clemens
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

We report prospective detailed results of patients undergoing treatment for chondral defects usingEpisealer, a patient-specific 2nd generation individualized mini-metal implant, based on a three dimensional MRI planing.

Materials and Methods:

Analysis of consecutive patients from 13 surgeons. Total of 98 patients, of which 59 patients (25 men,34 women) with focal cartilage lesions ICRS grade 3 or 4 underwent partial resurfacing, 48 on medial condyle, 4 lateral condyle and 7 on trochlea. Mean age 48 (27-67) years, mean BMI 28 (21-41). 64% had failed previous cartilage surgery. Detailed specific MRI data was used to manufacture patient-specific implants and guide instruments, to fit the unique anatomy of each individual knee. Implants were uncemented and made of cobalt-chrome, double coated with hydroxyapatite on top of titanium. Demographic, operative and clinical scores (VAS and KOOS) were collected preop and at 6 months, 1 and 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

All mean KOOS domain scores were significantly improved at 1 and 2 years (p<0.05). Mean preoperative aggregated KOOS (37) improved to 62 at 12 months and remained at 62 also at 24 months (n=32), (p<0.05). Mean VAS score improved from 65 preoperatively to 37 at 24 months. All mean KOOS domain scores were significantly improved at 1 and 2 years (p<0.05). 2 patients (3.4%) underwent revision (at 9 months for infection and at 30 months for progression of arthritis).

Conclusion:

The study shows excellent early clinical results in the treatment of focal symptomatic cartilage lesions on the femoral condyles or trochlea with a second-generation patient specific metal implant and instruments. Adherence to strict indications has allowed for high patient reported scores and low early revision rate.
Cruciate retaining versus posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of valgus osteoarthritis?
Authors: Ettinger Max , Savov Peter , Windhagen Henning , Mielke Evelyn , Calliess Tilman
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

The debate of cruciate retaining (CR) versus posterior stabilized (PS) designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is ongoing. With the posterior cruciate ligament retained, the TKA is supposed to function better in terms of proprioception, balance and kinematics. In contrast to that, PS designs are supposed to lead to higher degrees of flexion and a better femoral rollback. It is known, that the preoperative deformity negatively correlates with inferior results following TKA. When balancing a valgus knee, Ranawat et al. suggest to address the PCL in the first place. It is known that in 60% of valgus knees 1-2 soft tissue releases are necessary in order to achieve neutral alignment. Up to date no study exists, reporting the outcome of CR versus PS TKA in valgus knees. Thus, it was purpose of this study to evaluate the mid term outcome of CR versus PS TKA for the treatment of valgus OA in groups between 3°-6° of valgus, 7-10° of valgus and >10° of valgus.

Materials and Methods:

With the KOOS score as the primary endpoint, a sample size of 117 cases (78 CR and 39 PS) was needed in order to get a statistical power of 80%.Between 01-2011 and 03-2014 a total of 248 patients with a preoperative valgus >3° were treated with a CR TKA (167 cases) or a PS TKA (81 cases) of the same manufacturer (Stryker Triathlon, Stryker, Kalamazoo USA). CR patients were divided into the following groups: Preoperative valgus >3°-6°, 7°-10° and >10°. PS patients were divided into the following groups: Preoperative valgus >3°-6°, 7°-10° and >10°. The KOOS Score and the Oxford Knee score was collected at the time of follow up. For the CR and PS group failure rates and failure etiologies were analyzed. Patients demographics and were collected as well.

Results:

141 patients were included into this study (97 CR and 44 PS cases). The CR group had a mean follow up of 57 weeks, the PS group had a follow up of 52weeks. In the CR group, 11/97 (11%) patients were revised due to a.p. instability, whereas 2/44 (5%) patients were revised in the PS group due to infection or aseptic loosening. There was no difference regarding OKS and the KOOS score between the two groups. Further, there was no difference regarding patients demographics and no correlation between the BMI and the clinical outcome.

Conclusion:

The most important findings of this study are that the CR group showed a significant higher early revision rate, whereas the clinical mid term follow up results are equal. The CR version of the used system showed significantly higher early failure due to a.p. instability.
Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (BKA) in comparison to unicompartmental (UKA), Patellofemoral (PFA) ans total knee arthroplasty (TKA) – Early Clinical Results
Authors: Holz Johannes , Schneider Stefan , Ilg Ansgar , Kaiser Rene
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with bicompartmental arthroplasty (BKA) in comparison to unicompartmental (UKA), patellofemoral (PFA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a single center.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective study analyzing a consecutive series of 396 patients from two surgeons in a single center. In 191 men and 205 women either partial or total knee replacement were performed. Their mean age at surgery was 63±6,85 years and mean BMI 29,55±5,00 kg/m2. In 238 patients UKA, in 125 TKA, in 21 PFA and in 11 patients BKA was performed. Implants were cemented and made of cobalt chrome in partial knee and zirconium oxide in total knee replacement. Demographics and patient reported outcomes (VAS, KOOS, Oxford Knee Score (OKS)) were collected preoperatively and 3,6 and 12 months postoperatively. A total of 202 patients have thus far completed the 12 months follow-up time point.

Results:

All mean KOOS and OKS scores improved significantly 1 year after surgery (p<0.05). Mean preoperative aggregated KOOS improved from 49,0±14,1 to 74,3±17,8 in UKA, from 44,1±12,9 to 67,5±9,4 in PFA, from 46,1±15,1 to 71,0±14,8 in TKA and from 45,7±13,8 to 72,6±9,7 in BKA (p<0.05). Mean preoperative aggregated OKS improved from 25,1±7,6) to 38,5±9,7 in UKA, from 23,0±7,6 to 36,8±3,8 in PFA, from 23,4±8,2 to 37,3±8,1 in TKA and from 22,9±9,6 to 37,0±1,5 in BKA (p<0.05). The mean pain level (VAS)decreased from pre-treatment to 12 months after surgery in UKA from 5,5 to 1,6, in PFA from 6,1 to 2,5, in TKA from 6,0 to 1,9 and in BKA from 6,6 to 2,6. One patient (0.4%) underwent revision (at 3 month for inlay dislocation).

Conclusion:

This study shows excellent early clinical results of patients treated with unicompartmental, bicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty. Adherence to strict indications lead to a significant improvement of patient reported outcomes and a low revision rate one year postoperatively. The reported results for BKA are comparable to those of patients treated with unicompartmental arthroplasty. We conclude that bicompartmental arthroplasty is a safe and reliable surgery for patients with bicompartmental osteoarthritis.
Is cocontraction a potential cause of tibial internal rotation restriction in patients with knee endoprostheses?
Authors: Haberer Christine Suzanne , Weiss Stefan , Komnik Igor , David Sina
Published: June 2019

Aims and Objectives:

The ischiocrural muscles play an important role in the rotation of the tibia. The main objective of the study was to examine the extent to which an increased cocontraction of the SEMITEN and BIZFEM in patients with bicondylar (TKA) and unicondylar prostheses (UKA) under the influence of everyday forms of stress restricts the tibial rotation.

Materials and Methods:

3-D-motion analysis in patients after TKA or UKA was performed to record joint kinematics before and after knee prosthesis. Inclusion criteria: Age 50-70 years, no other prostheses, BMI <31, no relevant diseases, surgery - period 04/2015 to 04/2016. Out of a total of 550 patients finally 22 patients (w:11/m:11) could be included: TKA (n = 11), UKA (n = 9). To imitate various movement patterns of ADL, a parcour was built with a ramp and a staircase with 3 steps. Kinematic data were recorded with 10 infrared 100 Hz cameras. Muscular activities were measured bilaterally with a wireless EMG system (1000 Hz, myon320, muon, CH). Walking speed was collected through a time-gate system (WEKO, Weitmann & Konrad GmbH & Co. KG, DE). Static analysis was performed by statistical nonparametric assignment (SnPM). The WOMAC score was used for subjective assessment of dysfunctions.

Results:

In normal walking, there was no difference in tibial rotation compared to the non-operated knee in either the TKA or the UKA group. In SnPM analysis, statistically significantly reduced tibial rotation was shown on the downturn of a ramp in the TKA group at the operated knee. The UKA group showed no significant differences on the ramp to the non-operated knee. Concerning co-contraction of the SEMITEN and BIZFEM in the EMG analysis in the operated knee joint, no deviation from the non-operated knee could be shown. When climbing stairs, the SnPM internal rotation analysis revealed significant differences between the TKA and the UKA group (stance phase). Similar to the group comparement a restricted axial rotational movement compared to an operated to non - operated knee joint in the TKA - group could be show.n Especially during the stairway, the knee internal rotation of the prosthesis was impaired compared to the non-operated knee. On the other hand, when climbing stairs, the internal rotation was mostly significantly reduced during the stance phase. The SnPM analysis showed statistically significant asymmetries in the UKA group during stairway walking. The disturbed internal rotational movement showed the UKA group in the operated knee joint compared to the un-operated knee joint to the same extent as the TKA group only during the run down from the ramp.

Conclusion:

The assumption that cocontractions between the SEMITEN and the BIZFEM contributes to the impairment of internal rotation can not be confirmed from the data available to us. Other influences must be the cause.
Feasibility of a Texting Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence Among Older HIV+ African Americans: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study
Authors: Pagan-Ortiz Marta E. , Goulet Paul , Kogelman Laura , Levkoff Sue E. , Weitzman Patricia Flynn
Published: June 2019

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for HIV, and adherence to it is crucial to addressing health disparities. Approximately half of individuals in the United States living with HIV are African Americans, and those over 45 years of age are more likely to die early from HIV/AIDS than their White counterparts. This mixed-method pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a text-based mobile phone intervention designed to improve ART adherence among older African Americans with HIV. Feasibility was assessed via implementation, participant adherence, acceptability, and satisfaction, as well as short-term impact on medication adherence, adherence-related self-efficacy, and positive affect. The intervention utilized pill reminder, motivational, and health educational texts. Participants ( N = 21) ranged in age from 50 to 68 years. Outcomes were evaluated via quantitative results from self-report measures and qualitative data from four focus groups. There was no attrition in participation. After 8 weeks, participants reported statistically significant improvements in medication adherence, but not in self-efficacy or affect scores. Qualitative findings highlight the psychologically supportive potential of the intervention, challenges to adherence, as well as suggestions for improvement. The study demonstrates that a text messaging intervention may be feasible for older African Americans with HIV, and helpful in supporting ART adherence.
Frailty in Older American Indians: The Native Elder Care Study
Authors: Turner Goins R. , Schure Mark , Winchester Blythe
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Frailty is often described as a reduction in energy reserves, especially with respect to physical ability and endurance, and it has not been examined in American Indians. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of frailty and identify its correlates in a sample of American Indians. Methods: We examined data from 411 community-dwelling American Indians aged ≥55 years. Frailty was measured with weight loss, exhaustion, low energy expenditure, slowness, and weakness characteristics. Results: Slightly over 44% of participants were classified as pre-frail and 2.9% as frail. Significant correlates of a combined pre-frail and frail status identified in the fully adjusted analyses were younger age, female gender, lower levels of education, increased number of chronic medical conditions, and increased number of activities of daily living limitations. Marital status, chronic pain, and social support were not associated with pre-frail/frail status. Conclusions: Our findings point to specific areas in need of further research, including use of frailty measures that also capture psychosocial components and examining constructs of physical resilience. Targeting those with multiple chronic medical conditions may be an important area in which to intervene, with the goal of reducing risk factors and preventing frailty onset.
Potassic-jeanlouisite from Leucite Hill, Wyoming, USA, ideally K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2: the first species of oxo amphibole in the sodium–calcium subgroup
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Färber Gunnar
Published: June 2019

Potassic-jeanlouisite, ideally K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2, is the first characterised species of oxo amphibole related to the sodium–calcium group, and derives from potassic richterite via the coupled exchange CMg–1W${\rm OH}_{{\rm \ndash 2}}^{\ndash}{} ^{\rm C}{\rm Ti}_1^{{\rm 4 +}} {} ^{\rm W}\!{\rm O}_2^{2\ndash} $. The mineral and the mineral name were approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA2018-050. Potassic-jeanlouisite was found in a specimen of leucite which is found in the lava layers, collected in the active gravel quarry on Zirkle Mesa, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA. It occurs as pale yellow to colourless acicular crystals in small vugs. The empirical formula derived from electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal structure refinement is: A(K0.84Na0.16)Σ1.00B(Ca0.93Na1.02Mg0.04${\rm Mn}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 01}}^{2 +} $)Σ2.00C(Mg3.85${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 16}}^{2 +} $Ni0.01${\rm Fe}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 33}}^{3 +} {\rm V}_{{\rm 0}{\rm. 01}}^{3 +} $Ti0.65)Σ5.01T(Si7.76Al0.09Ti0.15)Σ8.00O22W[O1.53F0.47]Σ2.00. The holotype crystal is biaxial (–), with α = 1.674(2), β = 1.688(2), γ = 1.698(2), 2Vmeas. = 79(1)° and 2Vcalc. = 79.8°. The unit-cell parameters are a = 9.9372(10), b = 18.010(2), c = 5.2808(5) Å, β = 104.955(2)°, V = 913.1(2) Å3, Z = 2 and space group C2/m. The strongest eight reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å) (I) (hkl)] are: 2.703 (100) (151); 3.380 (87) (131); 2.541 (80) ($\bar 2$02); 3.151 (70) (310); 3.284 (68) (240); 8.472 (59) (110); 2.587 (52) (061); 2.945 (50) (221,$\bar 1$51).
The occupations at increased risk of COPD: analysis of lifetime job-histories in the population-based UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: De Matteis Sara , Jarvis Deborah , Darnton Andrew , Hutchings Sally , Sadhra Steven , Fishwick David , Rushton Lesley , Cullinan Paul
Published: June 2019

Occupational exposures are important, preventable causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Identification of COPD high-risk jobs is key to focus preventive strategies, but a definitive job-list is unavailable.

We addressed this issue by evaluating the association of lifetime job-histories and lung function data in the population-based UK Biobank cohort, whose unprecedented sample size allowed analyses restricted to never-smokers to rule out the most important confounder, tobacco smoking. COPD was spirometrically defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio below the lower limit of normal. Lifetime job-histories were collectedviaOSCAR (Occupations Self-Coding Automatic Recording), a new validated online tool that automatically codes jobs into the UK Standard Occupational Classification v.2000. Prevalence ratios for COPD by employment duration in each job compared to lifetime office workers were estimated using robust Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, centre and smoking. Only associations confirmed among never-smokers and never-asthmatics were considered reliable.

From the 116 375 participants with complete job-histories, 94 551 had acceptable/repeatable spirometry data and smoking information and were included in the analysis. Six occupations showed an increased COPD risk among never-smokers and never-asthmatics; most of these also with positive exposure-response trends. Interesting new findings included sculptors, gardeners and warehouse workers.

COPD patients, especially never-smokers, should be asked about their job-history for better disease management. Focussed preventive strategies in COPD high-risk jobs are warranted.
ERS statement on chest imaging in acute respiratory failure
Authors: Chiumello Davide , Sferrazza Papa Giuseppe Francesco , Artigas Antonio , Bouhemad Belaid , Grgic Aleksandar , Heunks Leo , Markstaller Klaus , Pellegrino Giulia M. , Pisani Lara , Rigau David , Schultz Marcus J. , Sotgiu Giovanni , Spieth Peter , Zompatori Maurizio , Navalesi Paolo
Published: June 2019

Chest imaging in patients with acute respiratory failure plays an important role in diagnosing, monitoring and assessing the underlying disease. The available modalities range from plain chest X-ray to computed tomography, lung ultrasound, electrical impedance tomography and positron emission tomography. Surprisingly, there are presently no clear-cut recommendations for critical care physicians regarding indications for and limitations of these different techniques.

The purpose of the present European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement is to provide physicians with a comprehensive clinical review of chest imaging techniques for the assessment of patients with acute respiratory failure, based on the scientific evidence as identified by systematic searches. For each of these imaging techniques, the panel evaluated the following items: possible indications, technical aspects, qualitative and quantitative analysis of lung morphology and the potential interplay with mechanical ventilation. A systematic search of the literature was performed from inception to September 2018. A first search provided 1833 references. After evaluating the full text and discussion among the committee, 135 references were used to prepare the current statement.

These chest imaging techniques allow a better assessment and understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of patients with acute respiratory failure, but have different indications and can provide additional information to each other.
Consumer Spending during Unemployment: Positive and Normative Implications
Authors: Ganong Peter , Noel Pascal
Published: June 2019

Using de-identified bank account data, we show that spending drops sharply at the large and predictable decrease in income arising from the exhaustion of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. We use the high-frequency response to a predictable income decline as a new test to distinguish between alternative consumption models. The sensitivity of spending to income we document is inconsistent with rational models of liquidity-constrained households, but is consistent with behavioral models with present-biased or myopic households. Depressed spending after exhaustion also implies that the consumption-smoothing gains from extending UI benefits are four times larger than from raising UI benefit levels. (JEL D14, D91, E21, E24, E70, J65)
Capital Accumulation, Private Property, and Rising Inequality in China, 1978–2015
Authors: Piketty Thomas , Yang Li , Zucman Gabriel
Published: June 2019

We combine national accounts, surveys, and new tax data to study the accumulation and distribution of income and wealth in China from 1978 to 2015. The national wealth-income ratio increased from 350 percent in 1978 to 700 percent in 2015, while the share of public property in national wealth declined from 70 percent to 30 percent. We provide sharp upward revision of official inequality estimates. The top 10 percent income share rose from 27 percent to 41 percent between 1978 and 2015; the bottom 50 percent share dropped from 27 percent to 15 percent. China’s inequality levels used to be close to Nordic countries and are now approaching US levels. (JEL D31, E01, E23, O11, P24, P26, P36)
The Sources of Capital Misallocation
Authors: David Joel M. , Venkateswaran Venky
Published: June 2019

We develop a methodology to disentangle sources of capital “mis-allocation,” i.e., dispersion in value-added/capital. It measures the contributions of technological/informational frictions and a rich class of firm-specific factors. An application to Chinese manufacturing firms reveals that adjustment costs and uncertainty, while significant, explain only a modest fraction of the dispersion, which stems largely from other factors: a component correlated with productivity and a fixed effect. Adjustment costs are more salient for large US firms, though other factors still account for the bulk of the dispersion. Technological/markup heterogeneity explains a limited fraction in China, but a potentially large share in the United States. (JEL D22, D24, D25, E22, G31, L60, O11, O14, O47, P31)
Spinal cord injury due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution
Authors: Zeb Amir , Arsh Aatik , Bahadur Sher , Ilyas Syed Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to report epidemiology, complications and rehabilitation outcomes of patients who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in which patients admitted to Paraplegic Centre Peshawar from July 2016 to July 2018 who sustained SCI due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution were included. Of total 852 patients, 39 (4.58%) sustained SCI due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution. Two patients were excluded and data of 37 patients was analyzed.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.03±13.47 years. Twenty-two (59.4%) patients had associated burns on different parts of body. Twenty-seven (72.9%) had pressure ulcers, 31 (83.8%) had spasticity, 18 (48.6%) had neuropathic pain and 2 (5.4%) had limb amputations due to injury. Mean Spinal cord injury independence measure score at the time of discharge was 53.4±5.7.

Conclusion: SCI due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution is rare however combined effect of injury by electricity along with fall from electricity poles are associated with severe complications. Rehabilitation outcomes in these patients are also minimal.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.241

How to cite this:Zeb A, Arsh A, Bahadur S, Ilyas SM. Spinal cord injury due to fall from electricity poles after electrocution. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(4):1036-1039. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.4.241

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
KIF5A and KLC1 expression in Alzheimer’s disease: relationship and genetic influences
Authors: Hares Kelly , Miners Scott , Scolding Neil , Love Seth , Wilkins Alastair
Published: June 2019

Background: Early disturbances in axonal transport, before the onset of gross neuropathology, occur in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. Kinesin superfamily motor proteins (KIFs) are responsible for anterograde protein transport within the axon of various cellular cargoes, including synaptic and structural proteins. Dysregulated KIF expression has been associated with AD pathology and genetic polymorphisms within kinesin-light chain-1 (KLC1) have been linked to AD susceptibility. We examined the expression of KLC1 in AD, in relation to that of the KLC1 motor complex (KIF5A) and to susceptibility genotypes.

Methods: We analysed KLC1 and KIF5A gene and protein expression in midfrontal cortex from 47 AD and 39 control brains.

Results: We found that gene expression of both KIF5A and KLC1 increased with Braak tangle stage (0-II vs III-IV and V-VI) but was not associated with significant change at the protein level. We found no effect of KLC1 SNPs on KIF5A or KLC1 expression but KIF5A SNPs that had previously been linked to susceptibility in multiple sclerosis were associated with reduced KIF5A mRNA expression in AD cortex.

Conclusions: Future in vitro and in vivo studies are required to understand the cause of upregulated KIF5A and KLC-1 gene expression in AD and any potential downstream consequences on pathogenesis, including any contribution of genetic polymorphisms within the KIF5A gene locus.
Recent advances in celiac disease and refractory celiac disease
Authors: Malamut Georgia , Cording Sascha , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine
Published: June 2019

Celiac disease (CeD), defined as gluten-induced enteropathy, is a frequent and largely underdiagnosed disease. Diagnosis relies on the detection of highly specific serum IgA anti-transglutaminase auto-antibodies and on the demonstration of duodenal villous atrophy. Treatment necessitates a strict gluten-free diet, which resolves symptoms and enables histological recovery. However, regular follow-up is necessary to assess mucosal healing, which emerges as an important prognostic factor. Recent work on CeD pathogenesis has highlighted how the cross-talk between gluten-specific CD4+ T cells and interleukin-15 can activate cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes and trigger epithelial lesions. Moreover, acquisition by a subset of intraepithelial lymphocytes of somatic gain-of-function mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway was shown to be a decisive step in the progression toward lymphomas complicating CeD, thus opening new therapeutic perspectives for these rare but life-threatening complications.
Case Report: Purple urine bag syndrome in woman with neurogenic bladder
Authors: Boentoro Senohadi , Utomo Nugroho Budi
Published: June 2019

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare phenomenon in patients that is associated with the use of a long-term/indwelling urinary catheter. The purple color results from indigo and indirubin, accumulated from bacteria-mediated tryptophan conversion. High risk patients include: the elderly; women; immobilized patients; patients with an indwelling catheter, chronic constipation, alkaline urine or poor hygiene; and those with catheter bags and tubes made of certain types of plastic. We reported PUBS in an elderly woman with an indwelling catheter and chronic constipation which, to our knowledge, was the first case in our hospital. The patient underwent urinary catheter change and received intravenous ciprofloxacin, following which the urine returned to a yellow color and the patient was discharged. This case report describes the diagnosis, management and also strategies for the prevention of PUBS in Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, Indonesia.
Influência da gestão familiar na estrutura de capital
Authors: Monteiro Januário José , Gasparetto Valdirene , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo teve por objetivo examinar a influência da estrutura de gestão familiar na estrutura de capital. Para sua operacionalização foram selecionadas empresas brasileiras listadas na B3 durante o período de 2013 a 2017, que totalizou em 266 empresas não financeira. Coletou-se os dados no formulário de referências e na base de dados Economatica. O método estatístico usado foi regressão em painel. Os achados evidenciam que empresas com estrutura de gestão familiar exercem influência sobre o endividamento de curto prazo. Quanto ao endividamento total e de longo prazo não se observou associação significativa com a estrutura de gestão familiar.
Compression therapy for chronic oedema and venous leg ulcers: AndoFlex TLC Calamine
Authors: Todd Marie
Published: June 2019

The prevalence of venous leg ulcers and chronic oedema is increasing because of the rise in the older population who have comorbidities. Managing and living with these conditions is extremely costly in resource and human terms and there is often a cyclical process of ulceration, healing and recurrence, resulting in significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Identifying those at risk and advising on lifestyle changes to prevent progression of these conditions will help in avoiding high wound management and compression costs, nursing input and associated patient morbidity. Compression bandaging is the linchpin in managing these conditions and it must be started as early as possible. However, many patients find it difficult to tolerate bandaging because of issues such as pain, the inability to wear shoes and itch. Therefore, if compliance is to be achieved, it is important to select a compression bandaging system that addresses the issues that patients have difficulty with. AndoFlex TLC Calamine is a compression bandaging system that deals with many of these problems, and is easy to apply and remove. Testimonials by practitioners treating patients with chronic oedema, ulceration and/or skin problems will demonstrate the benefits and effectiveness of AndoFlex TLC Calamine.
Attitude of nurses towards euthanasia: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Safarpour Hamid , Keykha Roghayeh , Varasteh Saeideh , Sargazi Venus , Mirmortazavi Mahan , Tavakolian Najmeh
Published: June 2019

Background:

Nurses play a major role in providing end-of-life care, and euthanasia is considered to be one of the most important ethical challenges that care providers can face.

Aim:

To assess the nurses' attitude towards euthanasia in Iran.

Methods:

The cross-sectional study included nurses who worked in intensive and critical care, as well as dialysis units of a teaching hospital affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by the census sampling technique. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire encompassing the demographic characteristics of nurses and the 20-item Euthanasia Attitude Scale.

Results:

The overall score of nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia, ranging from one to five, was 2.71±0.45, indicating a negative attitude and opposition towards euthanasia. Alongside this, the results demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia.

Conclusion:

In general, nurses in Iran oppose euthanasia. This can be attributed to the context of religious beliefs and culture in Iran as an Islamic country.
Tobacco and bone fractures
Authors: Hernigou J. , Schuind F.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to review the impact of smoking tobacco on the musculoskeletal system, and on bone fractures in particular.

Methods

English-language publications of human and animal studies categorizing subjects into smokers and nonsmokers were sourced from MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. This review specifically focused on the risk, surgical treatment, and prevention of fracture complications in smokers.

Results

Smokers have an increased risk of fracture and experience more complications with delayed bone healing, even if they have already stopped smoking, because some adverse effects persist for a prolonged period. Some risks can be reduced during and after surgery by local and general prevention, and smoking cessation is an important factor in lessening this risk. However, if a patient wants to stop smoking at the time of a fracture, the cessation strategies in reducing tobacco use are not easy to implement. The patient should also be warned that using e-cigarettes or other tobaccos does not appear to reduce adverse effects on health.

Conclusion

The evidence reviewed in this study shows that smoking has a negative effect in terms of the risk and treatment of fractures. Cite this article: J. Hernigou, F. Schuind. Tobacco and bone fractures: A review of the facts and issues that every orthopaedic surgeon should know. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:255–265. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.86.BJR-2018-0344.R1.
O CONCEITO DE TEORIA EM MARX
Authors: Müller Leonardo André Paes
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo visa explorar a revolução na relação entre teoria e práticapromovida por Marx. Isso é feito a partir da reconstituição de sua crítica à filosofia de Hegel, onde já se encontra uma concepção crítica dessa relação em que a necessidade de se focar no processo de constituição do objeto do conhecimento é enfatizada, mas que ainda o apreende de modo abstrato. Os textos de juventude de Marx demonstram as várias tentativas dele em encontrar um modo de abarcar esse objeto de forma mais consistente, o que será alcançado com a formulação do conceito de modo de produção, em A ideologia alemã, e plenamente desenvolvido com sua crítica ao fetichismo da mercadoria, em O Capital.
LIBERDADE COMO ESSÊNCIA HUMANA: O PROBLEMA DO SUJEITO NO JOVEM MARX
Authors: Arão Cristian
Published: June 2019

Este artigo possui como objetivo analisar a questão da essência humana na obra do jovem Marx. Apresentando uma perspectiva contrária à ideia da existência de um corte epistemológico que cria duas fases absolutamente distintas na filosofia de Marx, pretende-se argumentar que o conceito de essência desenvolvido nos manuscritos de 1844 constitui-se como um importante fundamento para o materialismo histórico. Dessa forma, é oferecida também uma perspectiva diferente do argumento que defende a existência de um antimaterialismorelacionado ao conceito “essência”. A interpretação da essência humana como liberdade permite compreender que não há nada de extra-material na definição do ser humano, pois a única característica que sempre acompanhará o homem é a capacidade de se autotransformar através da atividade prática.
Maker music: Incorporating the maker and hacker community into music technology education
Authors: Hughes Alayna
Published: June 2019

Music Production and Technology education has traditionally concentrated on audio engineering, studio recording techniques with the focus of preparing students for a career as a producer or engineer. While necessary to retain the fundamentals of audio and recording, music technology education could do a service to students by including topics from the maker community by encouraging technology innovation. While some topics such as synthesis, programming and electronics are taught in graduate programmes, these are still seen as ‘specialty’ topics and students in undergraduate programmes miss out on learning other technologies and career paths that could benefit them. I would argue that by not updating the topics in music technology education that this has contributed to the stale output of the music industry within changing times. By incorporating topics such as microcontrollers, interaction and programming, students could discover new ways to work with music and learn skills that will give them more career opportunities. This article will discuss the ideals of the maker and music hacking movement, current pedagogy in Music Production and Technology degree programmes in the United States and United Kingdom and European Union, and the advantages of merging invention and DIY education into the current music technology and music production pedagogy.
A yield stability index and its application for crop production
Authors: Bacsi Zsuzsanna , Hollósy Zsolt
Published: June 2019

A good crop production technology should provide high yields under varying environmental conditions, i.e. keep yield fluctuations small. The magnitude of fluctuations is usually measured by statistical indicators of average dispersion, e.g. the standard deviation. However, while many small fluctuations are usually well tolerated by the farmer, an extreme yield may be a serious risk factor.  The present research introduces a yield stability index developed which measures the frequency of extremely high and extremely low yields. The index is tested for 10 countries and 18 crops for 2004-2016, comparing it to 1961-2000, pointing out possible agricultural policy implications.
Digital factory in the University of Pannonia Nagykanizsa Campus - the Factory Subsystem
Authors: Bakon Krisztián Attila , Skrop Adrienn , Jaskó Szilárd , Holczinger Tibor
Published: June 2019

One of the new challenges of the 21st century is the Industry 4.0. Manufacturing companies moving away from mass production and getting closer to customized production and manufacturing of customized products through digitization. The expectations are high, meeting the requirements is a real challenge to industrial partners. In order to help meet the challenges the University of Pannonia Nagykanizsa Campus started to establish a fully automatized industrial laboratory. In this paper the architecture of the Industry 4.0 laboratory and the purpose of the Factory Subsystem is presented.
Cultural differences in food consumption: The experiences of international students
Authors: Németh Nikolett
Published: June 2019

There is a great variety of foods eaten. It is obvious that foods play a very important role in the daily lives of individual nations. Foods and meals, however, serve not only the living, but also fulfil other functions in the given society. For example, food expression may be part of a social class, reveal income conditions, and express identity.   The investigation was carried out on the topic by a qualitative method, in the form of an in-depth interview. The interviews were conducted by master students of the Szent István University in the framework of Multicultural Management subject, with non-Hungarian origin. A total of 65 in-depth interviews were conducted between 2017 and 2018.  Interviewees were members of 22 nationalities. During the investigations, the main questions were: What type of food do you consume the most? What factors do you take into consideration when choosing foods? What differences do you find in the habits of the different ethnic groups, especially with regard to their eating habits?  Most of the interviewees are interested in compare their diet and cultural traditions to other nations’ and prefer local foods. The study proved that eating habits in Hungary have an impact on the eating habits of foreign students, and they change them in several elements. The study found that dietary choices are a complex decision that has a significant environmental and social impact but need to say, thanks to the strong cultural background the students can keep their sustainable eating values in abroad.    Keywords: culture, food choice, consumption
Changes in the legal and support background of woody energy plantations
Authors: Szalay Dóra , Kertész Szabolcs , Vágvölgyi Andrea
Published: June 2019

Current forestry laws and regulations are not applicable to woody energy plantations. The cultivation technology used in these plantations differs from ones used in conventional forest management; thereby, specific legislation to regulate cultivation in woody energy plantations is required. Hungary passed its first regulations for woody energy plantations in 2007. The legislation addressed permitting, range of plantable species, planting procedures, cultivation, and plantation harvesting. The legislation overregulated coppice technology and only targeted roundwood energy plantation. The legislation does not mandate forest site surveys and its related expert opinions despite their importance in plantation establishment, particularly regarding tree species selection. The latest legislation, which improves earlier deficiencies and prescribes planting-execution plans for all plantations, came into effect 2017. Another important change is the industrial purpose categorization of woody plantations, which appeared beside coppice and roundwood energy plantations. In addition to raw material production, this type of plantation also increases the carbon sequestration of agriculture. The availability of financial resources heavily influenced plantation area size and planting intensity over the years. Investigating plantation tendencies provides an opportunity to identify forms of support that play an important role in creating the conditions for rational land use. Our research presents the effects these changes in legislation and financial support have had on energy plantations.
Celâleddîn ed-Devvânî ve Fatiha Sûresi Tefsiri
Authors: ÇİÇEK Mehmet , YILMAZ Esat
Published: June 2019

Kur’an’ın tarih sahnesine inmesiyle başlayan tefsir faaliyeti, kıyamete kadar devam edecek bir eyleme işaret eder. İşte biz bu makalede Kur’an’a dair yorumlarını işârî tefsir başlığı altında değerlendirebileceğimiz bir simayı, Celâleddîn ed-Devvânî’yi ele alacağız. Makalede Devvânî’nin tefsire dair çalışmalarını öncelikle sunacağız. Devamında Fatiha suresine dair yaptığı tefsiri tespit ettiğimiz yazmalar arasından 6 tanesi ışığında tahkik edeceğiz. Ayrıca Fatiha suresi risalesini değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Devvânî’nin tefsir çalışmalarına baktığımızda belli bir meseleyi kendisine konu edindiğini söyleyebiliriz. İnceleyeceğimiz Fatiha suresi tefsiri çalışması da bundan âzâde değildir. Şöyle ki sûre iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. İlk kısmında Allah’ın varlıkla ilişkisine işaret edilirken ikinci kısımda varlığın Allah’la ilişkisi ele alınmaktadır. Devvânî de surenin ilk kısmında Allah’ın zâtı ile sıfatlarını ayırarak sıfatların varlıkla ilişkisinin nasıllığını incelemektedir.  İkinci kısımda ise çokluk âleminden Allah’a ulaşmanın imkânını irdelemektedir. Bu meyanda o; ariflere, seyr-i sülûk sahiplerine ve isabet eden istidlal ehline nimet verildiğini söylerken çokluk perdesini aşamayanları Allah’ın yolundan uzaklaşanlar ve sapanlar olarak nitelemektedir.
Fârâbî Felsefesinde Toplum Teması
Authors: Okumuş Ejder
Published: June 2019

Muallim-i Sânî Ebû Nasr el-Fârâbî (872-951), felsefesinde toplum konusuna ayrı bir önem verir.  Eserlerinden de anlaşılabileceği gibi, onun bir toplum teorisyeni olduğu söylenebilir. Zira onun felsefesinde insan ve insanın mutluluğu her şeyin başında gelir. İnsan, tabiatı gereği toplumsal bir varlıktır. Bundan dolayı insanın mutluluğu doğrudan toplum ile ilgilidir. Başka bir ifadeyle toplum hayatının insan için zorunlu olması, insanın mutluluğu konusuyla doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Bu çalışmada araştırmacı, İslam düşünürü Fârâbî’nin felsefesi içinde toplum temasını, topluma bakışını, insan için toplumun anlamına dair yaklaşımını, toplumu tipolojik açıdan ele alışını vd. ana hatlarıyla ele almayı, anlamayı ve anlamlandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Fârâbî’nin kitaplarına bir bütünlük içinde bakıldığında, onun, insan, mutluluk, medîne, medeniyet, cemaat, ictimâ’, ictimâ’ât, ma’mûra, ihtiyaç, teâvun, riyaset, kavm, ümmet, din ve mille gibi temel kavramlar çerçevesinde bir toplum teorisi ortaya koyduğu görülür.
Atıf ve Şart Delilleri ve Ehl-i Sünnet Kelâm Ekollerinin Gelişim Sürecindeki İzdüşümü
Authors: AYKAÇ Mustafa
Published: June 2019

Hz. Peygamber’in vefatından sonra halifelik mücadelesinin tetiklediği siyasi olayların inançla ilgili sorunları yaratması nedeniyle iman ve küfrün tanımı, kapsamı, iman-amel ilişkisi gibi sorunlar tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu yüzden Müslüman toplumun kendi içinde aşmaya çalıştığı ilk sorunlardan biri hiç kuşkusuz iman-küfür meselesi olmuştur. Bu itibarla geleneksel fırkaların iman-amel münasebetleri bakımından farklı yaklaşım modelleri geliştirmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Bu ekolleri ‘ameli imana dâhil eden’ ve ‘amel ile imanı birbirinden ayıran’ mezhepler olmak üzere ikiye ayırmak mümkündür. Amel-iman ilişkisine yönelik ileri sürülen fikirler akli ve nakli delillerle temellendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Amellerin imandan bir parça olmadığı görüşünü kanıtlamak amacıyla kullanılan en kuvvetli deliller dil mantığına dayalı olarak oluşturulan ‘atıf’ ve ‘şart’ delilleridir. Atıf delili, matûf ile matûfun aleyhin; şart delili ise şart ile meşrûtun dil kaideleri gereği birbirinden farklı olduğu esasına dayanan iki delildir. Bu iki delil, zaman bakımından farklılıklarla beraber Ehl-i Sünnet ekolü tarafından kullanılmış delillerdir. Biz makalemizde hem iman meselesinin temellendirilmesinde belirleyici rol oynayan atıf ve şart delillerinin tarihi sürecini hem de bu delillerin Ehl-i Sünnet’in iki kelam ekolünün iman görüşü üzerindeki etkilerini ele almayı ve analiz etmeyi hedefledik.  Çalışmamızın sonunda ise bu iki delilin kaynağının Mürcie mezhebi olduğu, tüm Mâturîdîlerin de bu delili kullandığı, ancak ilk Eş’arîlerin bu delilleri kullanmayıp sonraki Eş’arîlerin kullandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu delillerin kullanılması ile imanın artıp eksilmesi meselesi arasında bağlantı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Mürcî ve Mâturîdîlerin bu delilleri her zaman kullanmaları onların imanda artma ve eksilmeyi reddettiklerini göstermektedir. Önceki Eş’arîlerin bu delilleri kullanmayıp sonrakilerin kullanmaları ise, Eş’arîlik’te imanın artma ve eksilmesi meselesinde farklı görüşlerin varlığını ve bu konuda bir tekâmül süreci yaşandığını göstermiştir.
Nahiv İlminde Amel Şartı Olarak İhtisâs (Özgülük) Olgusu
Authors: İnanç Yunus
Published: June 2019

ÖzCümledeki değişikliklere yol açan neden arayışının sonucunda ulaşılan ‘âmil olgusu, nahiv ilminin en temel kavramlarından sayılmış, nahvin bütün çerçevesini şekillendirmiştir. ‘Âmil olgusu nahivdeki pek çok tartışmalı noktada gündeme gelmiştir. Nahiv eserlerinin büyük bir kısmının ana teması ‘âmil merkezli olarak şekillenmiş ve bu eserlerin teorik çerçevesi ‘âmil nazariyesi üzerine oturmuştur. Nahivdeki birçok meseleye ‘âmil kavramından hareketle çözüm bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak gerek klasik dönem dilcileri ve gerekse modern dönem dilcileri ‘âmil kavramını ve buna bağlı olarak şekillenen nahvi çokça eleştirmişlerdir. Öte yandan nahiv eserlerinde ‘âmil kavramı ile irtibatlı olarak ele alınan bir diğer kavram da “ihtisâs” kavramı olmuştur. Burada ihtisâstan kastedilen, bir ögenin başka ögeler üzerinde etkin olması için sadece o ögenin bağlı olduğu kelime gurubuna özgü olmasıdır. Bir ögenin ‘âmil olması için ön şart niteliğinde görülen ihtisâs olgusu nahivdeki tartışmalı konularda dile getirilmiş ve tartışmanın yönünü değiştirmiştir. Bu bakımdan bu çalışmada öncelikle ‘âmil ile ilgili temel hususlara temas edilecek, ardından ‘âmil olmanın temel şartı olarak görülen ve nahiv eserlerinde bu bağlamda ele alınan ihtisâs olgusu üzerinde durulacaktır. Nahiv eserlerinde yer alan ve ihtisâs olgusunun belirleyici olduğu dil kurallarının örnekleri irdelenecektir. Nahivcilerin büyük oranda ittifak ettiği ilkeler arasında önemli bir ilke vardır ki çalışmamızın konusu ile doğrudan irtibatlı olduğundan burada ayrıca ele alınacaktır. Bu da isim ve fiillerin ‘âmillerinin kendilerine özgü olduğu, isimlerin ‘âmillerinin fiiller üzerinde, fiillerin ‘âmillerinin de isimler üzerinde amel etmeyeceği ilkesidir.
Uniwersal Simulation Method for Determining the Maneuverability of Ferry Based on the Example of Ystad Port
Authors: Gucma Lucjan , Gralak Rafał , Muczyński Bartosz , Przywarty Marcin
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a universal simulation method used by the authors to determine the conditions of safe operation of sea ferries, in terms of marine traffic engineering. The assumptions, simulation experiment and results are described on the example of the m/f Mazovia manoeuvring in the Port of Ystad. Carried out and described in the article simulation study using the present method was aimed to determine the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems of the ferry including:

• determination of the wind limits in the Port of Ystad in terms of Mazovia ferry operation;

• assessment of the maneuvering safety in a port area and determination of conditions of safe operation with present propulsion and steering systems;

• determination of the possibility of adapting the propulsion and steering systems to meet the requirements of the shipowner for the economically efficient and safe operation of the ferry.