bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenochondroma of the Thyroid in a 3-Year-Old Female: A Case Report
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor B. , Okonkwo Nkechi , Papadimitriou John C. , Pereira Kevin D.
Published: October 2019

Follicular adenomas are the most common benign thyroid neoplasm but are unusual in children. However, other rare degenerative lesions and those of developmental origin can also present as thyroid masses. This article reports the first described pediatric thyroid adenochondroma. A 3-year-old female presented with a hard mass in the right lobe of her thyroid with nondiagnostic imaging and cytology findings. She underwent a right thyroid lobectomy uneventfully. Final histopathology examination confirmed an adenochondroma. To the best of our knowledge, an adenochondroma of the thyroid gland in a child has not been previously reported in literature. Though a rare and benign entity, thyroid adenochondromas present clinically with many features concerning for malignancy. Therefore, these lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric thyroid masses.
Power, Archives and the Making of Rhetorical Organizational Histories: A stakeholder perspective
Authors: Popp Andrew , Fellman Susanna
Published: October 2019

We contribute to the rhetorical history concept by focusing on the corporate archive, a key source for constructing rhetorical histories. We propose a stakeholder perspective as a way to model the constellation of power and interests around the corporate archive, identifying four key stakeholder groups: owners; archivists; historians; and audiences. Recent work has problematized the rhetorical history concept, arguing that rhetorical histories are more unstable and harder to control by managers than suggested by earlier work. This paper contributes by exploring the corporate archive as a source of contestation shaped by the varying degrees of power and interest held by key stakeholders. We propose a simple stakeholder perspective on the corporate archive before applying it to four case studies. Application allows us to refine this approach by revealing the interplay of forces around the corporate archive in relation to the construction of rhetorical history.
Neither a populist nor a vanguardist be! Respecting the wisdom and will of the people
Authors: Taylor Kenneth A.
Published: October 2019

In this essay, I consider three different conceptions of ‘the people’ and what it means to ‘respect’ their collective will and wisdom: (a) the democratic conception of the people as a sprawling demos, (b) the populist conception of the people as an authentic folk (c) and, finally, the vanguardist conception of the people as the semi-mute masses who stand in need of revolutionary transformation. Although my ultimate aim is to defend the democratic conception of the people over both the populist conception and the vanguardist conception, much of this essay is taken up simply spelling out each of these conceptions of the people and outlining their consequences for the conduct of politics. I begin by contrasting the democratic conception with the populist conception. I then turn briefly to the vanguardist conception. I close with a brief, and admittedly incomplete defence of a particular form of democracy – what I call transformative or ameliorative democracy – which conceives of the people as a self-transformative totality.
The term ‘Populism’ as a combat-concept and a catchword
Authors: Lara María Pía
Published: October 2019

Following a previous article where I defined how a concept becomes a weapon of ideological wars, this article seeks to clarify why there are semantic connections of the actual concept of ‘populism’ with the semantics of the concept of crisis (illness, destruction of democracy, salvation or condemnation). My key argument is to focus on how actors use the concept of populism on the public sphere with the goal to inspire fear instead of allowing citizens and theorists to understand what is behind our present political–economic crisis. In my view, both theorists and politicians should be aware how a concept that lacks any precision does not help us to understand our present moment of crisis. We must use other tools and the help of historians to understand why has neo-liberal politics unleashed this present crisis.
Democracy and disrespect
Authors: Müller Jan-Werner
Published: October 2019

The essay takes the widespread complaint that societies today are deeply divided and polarized as a starting point. Affirming that there is no democracy without division, it asks what it means for conflict and disagreement to be dealt with in a respectful and civil manner. As an illustration of the main argument, the way that liberals (in the broadest sense) have engaged with populist leaders is criticized on both a strategic and normative level. An alternative to existing strategies of dealing with the conflict between liberals and populist is then proposed. Finally, the article also asks under what conditions civil disobedience might be an appropriate response to authoritarian populism.
Donald Trump meets Carl Schmitt
Authors: Scheuerman William E.
Published: October 2019

By revisiting late-Weimar debates between Carl Schmitt and two left-wing critics, Otto Kirchheimer and Franz L Neumann, we can shed light on the surprising alliance of populist politics with key tenets of economic liberalism, an alliance that vividly manifests itself in the political figure and retrograde policies of Donald Trump. In the process, we can begin to fill a striking lacuna in recent scholarly literature on populism, namely its failure to pay proper attention to matters of political economy. We can also perhaps begin to make sense of the roots of Trump’s assault on the US federal state: formal law and its organizational basis, modern bureaucracy, represent potential restraints on the alliance of populism with neoliberalism.
Democracy and constitutional reform: Deliberative versus populist constitutionalism
Authors: Chambers Simone
Published: October 2019

Constitutional reform has been an important means to push populist authoritarian agendas in Hungary, Poland, Turkey and Venezuela. The embrace of constitutional means and rhetoric in pursuit of these agendas has led to the growing recognition of ‘populist constitutionalism’ as a contemporary political phenomenon. In all four examples mentioned above, democracy, popular sovereignty and direct plebiscitary appeal to the people is the rhetorical and justificatory framework for constitutional reform. This, I worry, gives democracy a bad name and reinforces the widespread suspicion that citizens should not be directly involved in constitutional reform as popular participation can lead to dangerous majoritarianism and is easily manipulated by elite actors seeking to weaken constitutional checks and balances. But the problem, I argue, is not inherent in citizen’s participation in constitutional reform. In contrast to populist constitutionalism, I develop an idea of deliberative constitutionalism in which citizens can participate in constitution-making and reform without hijacking constitutionalism for majoritarian, nationalist or anti-pluralist ends. Deliberative constitutionalism as I understand it has four features: a Habermasian co-originality thesis that articulates the interdependence of democracy and liberalism mediated by a conception of discourse; a proceduralized idea of popular sovereignty that reduces the tension between appeal to the people and respect for pluralism; the centrality of the public sphere over the voting booth as the cradle of democracy; institutional innovations intended to include citizens in constitutional reform (including through referendums) but avoid majoritarian and populist pathologies.
Youth and the populist wave
Authors: Foa Roberto Stefan , Mounk Yascha
Published: October 2019

If the values of younger citizens and voters are the trend of the future, in what direction do they point? Scholars have long noted a decline in political engagement and knowledge among youth in developed democracies, with the fear that this may undermine the stability of liberal institutions. However, youth electoral behaviour appears inconsistent: in much of continental Western Europe, younger voters support populist parties of both left and right, but in the United States and the United Kingdom, only left-wing populist movements benefit from youth mobilization. We explain this divergence by arguing for a distinction between democratic apathy and democratic antipathy. Democratic apathy is characterized by scepticism regarding the value of democratic institutions, low turnout and lack of interest in politics, whereas democratic antipathy involves the active embrace of illiberal movements hostile to pluralistic institutions. In societies where youth do not face economic and social discrimination, democratic apathy is the more common trend, whereas in parts of continental Europe where youth face systematic social exclusion, apathy has become active antipathy.
Diagnosis and treatment of intermuscular venous malformations: A retrospective study in one center
Authors: Xu Mengnan , Wang Min , Cheng Yenwen , Ni Xiaodong , Xu Yuan , Wang Qian , Yuan Siming
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Intermuscular venous malformations are common vascular malformation, do not have typical symptoms, and are difficult to diagnose. This article is a retrospective analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic measures of intermuscular venous malformations.

Methods

From January 2013 to June 2018, 21 patients were included in this study. The clinical presentations, managements, and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. The indications and potential risks of different treatments were summarized.

Results

The complaints of patients with intermuscular venous malformations included local pain, swelling, discomfort, or aggravation after activity. Ultrasound, phlebography, magnetic resonance imaging, percutaneous sinus angiography, and three-dimensional computed tomography imaging were performed. The patients received surgical excision, sclerotherapy, or the combinational therapy of intralesional copper wires retention and ethanol injection and were followed for six months to five years. All patients’ symptoms were relieved largely. The lesions evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging decreased apparently or disappeared.

Conclusions

Imaging examinations are necessary in the diagnosis of intermuscular venous malformations and can guide the choice of treatment. Individualized treatment for intermuscular venous malformations should be made to achieve good effect and avoid adverse effects.
Coronal magnetic resonance imaging of three-dimensional fast-field echo with water-selective excitation improves the sensitivity and reliability of identification of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Jia Jingyu , Ding Rui , Liu Xijuan , Li Wugen , Xiong Xi , Wu Tianlong , He Dingwen , Cheng Xigao
Published: October 2019

Objective

The complete view of the nerve root, including the extraforaminal zone, can be displayed by coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of three-dimensional (3D) fast-field echo with water-selective excitation (CMRI). However, its sensitivity, specificity, and reliability for the diagnosis of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation are unclear. We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of conventional MRI, CMRI, and 3D MRI for the identification of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

This study involved 140 patients (68 with extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation and 72 with paramedian disc herniation). Their mean age was 44.57 ± 14.59 years. Conventional MRI, CMRI, and 3D MRI of all patients were evaluated by five experts. The reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the three imaging techniques for identification of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation were compared using kappa statistics and the chi-squared test.

Results

CMRI showed higher agreement (0.843) than conventional MRI (0.671) and 3D MRI (0.771) for the identification of extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation. CMRI demonstrated higher sensitivity (95.6% vs. 91.2%) than conventional MRI (85.3% vs. 70.6%) and 3D MRI (92.6% vs. 86.7%) regardless of whether performed by junior or senior surgeons.

Conclusions

CMRI is helpful for identification of extraforaminal disc herniation by junior and senior orthopedic surgeons.
Telomere length and associated factors in older adults with hypertension
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhang Yaxin , Ma Lina
Published: October 2019

Telomeres and telomerase play important roles in the occurrence and development of hypertension. This review was performed to clarify the factors that influence telomere length and telomerase activity in older patients and elucidate the association of these factors with hypertension. A PubMed search and critical review of studies assessing the risk factors underlying the association of hypertension with telomere length and telomerase activity was performed. Telomere length and telomerase activity were found to be associated with hypertension. The factors that influence telomere length and telomerase activity in older patients with hypertension include genetics, demographics, social and environmental factors, chronic disease, psychological factors, and antihypertensive drug treatment. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of hypertension with telomere length and telomerase activity may help to reduce the incidence of hypertension.
Fusarium spp. in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): From Colonization to Infection
Authors: Cafarchia Claudia , Paradies Romina , Figueredo Luciana A. , Iatta Roberta , Desantis Salvatore , Di Bello Antonio Vito Francesco , Zizzo Nicola , van Diepeningen Anne D.
Published: October 2019

With the aim of evaluating the presence of Fusarium spp. in sea turtles with and without lesions and assessing the risk factors favoring colonization and/or infection, 74 loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) admitted to rescue and rehabilitation clinics in Italy were analyzed. The study compared 31 individuals with no apparent macroscopic lesions and 43 individuals with macroscopic lesions. Shell and skin samples were analyzed using Calcofluor white with 10% potassium hydroxide, standard histopathological examination, and fungal cultures. Fusarium spp. were isolated more frequently from animals with superficial lesions (39%) than from those with no macroscopic lesions (16%). Isolates from animals with superficial lesions were Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) lineages haplotypes 9, 12, and 27 (unnamed lineages), FSSC-2 ( Fusarium keratoplasticum), Fusarium oxysporum (27%), and Fusarium brachygibbosum (3%). In contrast, only F. solani haplotypes 9 and 12 were isolated from animals with no macroscopic lesions. The presence of lesions was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of Fusarium spp. Of the 74 animals, only 7 (9.5%) scored positive on microscopic examination with Calcofluor, and histological examination of those 7 animals revealed necrosis, inflammatory cells, and fungal hyphae in the carapace and skin. The results of this study suggest that fusariosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of shell and skin lesions in sea turtles. Direct examination using Calcofluor and potassium hydroxide was not useful to diagnose the infection. Histopathological examination and fungal culture should be performed to ensure correct treatment and infection control.
Indian board of Orthodontics Case Report: Orthodontic Management of a Palatally Impacted Maxillary Canine
Authors: Nayak Arun
Published: October 2019

A 19-year-old dental student reported with a chief complaint of malaligned teeth and an impacted upper right canine (13). On clinical and radiographic examination, he had a slightly depressed maxilla in the upper right region, right deviation of nasal bridge, acceptable facial profile, horizontal, palatally impacted canine whose crown was almost reaching the midline, spaced upper anteriors, excessive gingival display on smile, deep bite, and 34 in crossbite. Comprehensive orthodontic therapy along with surgical exposure of 13 helped in achieving all the treatment objectives to great satisfaction without any adverse effects on the periodontium or the dentition. This case report details the diagnosis and clinical management.
Exploration of cytotoxic and genotoxic endpoints following sub-chronic oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Chakrabarti Srijita , Goyary Danswrang , Karmakar Sanjeev , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh
Published: October 2019

Health hazards of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have raised severe concerns because of the paucity of information regarding the toxic effects among the population. In the present research, the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic potential of TiO2-NPs were evaluated using flow cytometric techniques. Further, in vitro and in vivo genotoxic endpoints were estimated by means of comet, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) assays. In vitro analysis was performed at the concentration range of 10–100 µg/mL using murine RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted on Albino mice (M/F) by exposing them to 200 and 500 mg/kg TiO2-NPs for 90 days. Decreased percentage of cell viability with higher doses of TiO2-NPs was evident in both in vitro and in vivo flow cytometric analysis. Further, an impaired cell cycle (G0/G1, S, and G2/M) was reflected in the present investigation following the exposure to TiO2-NPs. Increased comet scores such as tail length, % DNA in tail, tail moment, and olive moment were also observed with the higher doses of TiO2-NPs in vitro and in vivo comet assays. Finally, the in vivo MN and CA assays revealed the formation of MN and chromosomal breakage following the exposure to TiO2-NPs.
An Intersectional Approach towards Parental Employment in Families with a Child with a Disability: The Case of Belgium
Authors: Vinck Julie , Van Lancker Wim
Published: October 2019

For parents with disabled children labour market participation is difficult since these children require care that exceeds typical parental care. At the same time, disabled children often live in families who belong to social categories that are associated with lower employment probabilities. However, the intersection between disability and social categories is hitherto overlooked in the literature. Drawing on a case study of Belgium, this article empirically examines to what extent parental employment is explained by the child’s disability and/or the family’s social disadvantages. For this, unique and large-scale register data are used. The results show that (1) childhood disability overlapped with social disadvantages; (2) childhood disability inhibited parental employment; but (3) the relationship differed by social category: for single parents, parents with low educational qualifications, and parents having multiple disabled children, disability and social disadvantage reinforced each other.
Evaluating the Kisan Credit Card Scheme: Some Results for Bihar and India
Authors: Chanda Areendam
Published: October 2019

The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in India in 1998–1999 and has since become a flagship programme providing access to short-term credit in the agricultural sector. According to the Government of India, over a 100 million cards had been issued cumulatively by March 2011. Using data from 2005–2006 to 2009–2010, the article critically examines the determinants of KCC lending across states in India and districts in Bihar. We also examine the effects of the scheme on agricultural growth and yields. Our results suggest that states with initially better access to agricultural credit show subsequently greater amounts of KCC lending. However, Bihar and other BIMARU states also show faster adoption rates that cannot be explained by their recent growth accelerations. Within Bihar, we see that districts with initially greater lending in KCC continue to pull further away from other districts, while in terms of account holders there is evidence of convergence. Finally, we do not see any evidence of KCC lending on state- or district-level agricultural productivity.

JEL: Q14, Q0, O41, O47
An Examination of the Lethality Assessment Program (LAP): Perspectives on Implementation, Help-Seeking, and Victim Empowerment
Authors: Richards Tara N. , Gillespie Lane Kirkland , Kafonek Katherine , Johnson Margaret
Published: October 2019

The Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) aims to empower law enforcement officers to screen victims of domestic violence for potential lethality and connect them to service providers. This research surveyed domestic violence victims seeking legal services ( n = 141) to assess whether LAP receipt is associated with greater rates of self-protective measures, service use, or empowerment, and to examine victims’ perspectives on the LAP process. Findings indicate no relationship between receipt of the LAP and use of self-protective measures or victim empowerment, mixed evidence between receipt of the LAP and service utilization, and room for improvement regarding how law enforcement officers explain the LAP to victims. Implications are discussed.
Substance Use as a Coping Mechanism for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Safety and Service Accessibility
Authors: Gezinski Lindsay B. , Gonzalez-Pons Kwynn M. , Rogers Mallory M.
Published: October 2019

This study examined substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health (MH) among survivors of intimate partner violence, with data collected from 102 participants. Both survivors and service providers emphasized SUD and MH as top priorities and reported a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem coupled with increasing rates of heroin, methamphetamine, and pharmaceutical abuse. Emergent themes included (a) trauma impacts functioning, (b) substances as coping strategy, (c) weighing safety against need, (d) lacking SUD and MH services, and (e) need for comprehensive and culturally specific resources. Scarcity of funding demands cross-sector collaboration to support survivors.
Predicting Disengagement from Judicial Proceedings by Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in Spain: A Systematic Replication With Prospective Data
Authors: García-Jiménez María , Cala-Carrillo María Jesús , Trigo M. Eva
Published: October 2019

This article examines which variables predict disengagement from legal proceedings by victims of intimate partner violence in the first steps of the Spanish judicial process. We replicated a previous retrospective study with a prospective sample of 393 women. The relationships of sociodemographic, emotional, motivational, and psychological variables with procedural withdrawals were analyzed. We developed a binary logistic regression model that predicts disengagement with two variables: the contact with the abuser and the interaction between this contact and the thought of going back with him. Interesting differences between the current and the retrospective study were found. Results are discussed extensively in the conclusions.
Perceptions of Processed Foods Among Low-Income and Immigrant Parents
Authors: Bleiweiss-Sande Rachel , Goldberg Jeanne , Evans E. Whitney , Chui Kenneth , Sacheck Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Background. Parent-aimed guidance on the topic of processed foods may help limit highly processed foods in children’s diets, but little is known about parent understanding and perceptions of these products. Aims. To determine how parent perceptions of processing align with processing classification systems used in research, and to identify opportunities for future research in communicating information about processed foods. Method. Six focus groups with lower income, racial/ethnic minority and immigrant parents of fourth to sixth graders ( n = 37) were conducted. Parents were asked to discuss their views on terminology related to food processing, classification of foods according to their processing level, the healthfulness of select foods, and criteria for choosing snacks for their children. Focus groups were guided by a thematic approach. NVivo 12 (QSR International) was used to facilitate analyses. Results. Thirty mothers and seven fathers participated. Two thirds (62%) were foreign-born; 38% identified as Hispanic. The term “processing” lacked consistent meaning among parents, with variation by immigrant status. Participants associated highly processed foods with convenience, packaging, and added ingredients; “less-processed” versions of foods (e.g., fresh; homemade) were perceived as healthier. Children’s preferences were the main criteria for choosing snacks. Foreign-born parents were more likely to associate processed foods with positive characteristics (e.g., properly cooked). Conclusion. The concept of food processing is an area of misconception among parents, providing an opportunity for education that may be extended to larger audiences. A universally accepted definition of food classification by processing level is necessary to effectively communicate the link between processing and healthfulness.
Evaluation of Juvenile Animal Studies for Pediatric CNS-Targeted Compounds: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: van der Laan Jan Willem , van Malderen Karen , de Jager Nico , Duarte Dinah , Egger Gunter F. , Lavergne Fabien , Roque Cláudio Gouveia , Vieira Isabel , Wiesner Lutz , Carleer Jacqueline
Published: October 2019

Central nervous system (CNS)-targeted products are an important category of pediatric pharmaceuticals. In view of the significant postnatal maturation of the CNS, juvenile animal studies (JAS) are performed to support pediatric development of these new medicines. In this project, the design and results of juvenile toxicity studies from 15 drug compounds for the treatment of neurologic or psychiatric conditions were analyzed. Studies were conducted mostly in rats; sometimes in addition in dogs and monkeys. The study design of the pivotal JAS was variable, even for compounds with a similar therapeutic indication. Age of the juvenile animals was not consistently related to the starting age of the intended patient population. Of 15 compounds analyzed, 6 JAS detected more severe toxicities and 6 JAS evidenced novel CNS effects compared to their adult counterparts. The effects of CNS on acoustic startle and learning and memory were observed at high dosages. Reversibility was tested in most cases and revealed some small effects that were retained or only uncovered after termination of treatment. The interpretation of the relevance of these findings was often hampered by the lack of matching end points in the adult studies or inappropriate study designs. Detailed clinical observation and motor activity measures were the most powerful end points to detect juvenile CNS effects. The need for more detailed behavioral examinations in JAS, for example, on learning and memory, should, therefore, be decided upon on a case-by-case basis, based on specific concerns in order to avoid overloading the studies.
Using a Digital Personal Learning Network Assignment to Teach Social Curation and Lifelong Learning in Marketing
Authors: McCorkle Denny , Alexander Joe F.
Published: October 2019

As the use of social media continues to grow in practice and as an academic discipline, so too does the need for marketing students (and faculty) to develop and maintain a career-focused and current knowledge warehouse of information that is optimized to their own unique life situation—hence, the creation and use of what is described as a digital personal learning network or “PLN.” This article describes a proven assignment framework, requiring students to build their own digital PLN, using widely available RSS newsfeed tools such as Feedly and Twitter Lists. Student feedback is offered to support the effectiveness of this approach and suggestions are made regarding other courses that could benefit from being taught with the support of a PLN-based assignment.
Keeping Up With Fast-Paced Industry Changes—Digital Media Education in U.S. Advertising and PR Programs
Authors: Fang Fei , Wei Wei , Huang Heshui
Published: October 2019

The continuing technological development of the advertising and public relations (PR) industry and increasing transfer of marketing expenditures from traditional channels to emerging digital media have placed a heavy burden on advertising and PR education. While it is not clear how educators are responding to the digital challenge, this study provides a complete picture of advertising and PR digital media education in the United States. Through a content analysis of curricula from 99 universities with advertising and PR programs, we found that nearly one-quarter (23.5%; n = 1,128) of advertising and PR major courses taught digital media and that digital media education placed greater emphasis on skills courses. Furthermore, the advertising and PR discipline was still based on mass communication, journalism, and marketing rather than computer-related fields. It is hoped that this article will shed some light on the digitalization of future advertising and PR education.
What motivates and discourages social workers from working as Approved Mental Health Professionals? Evidence about job resources and demands of the Approved Mental Health Professional role
Authors: Stevens Martin , Manthorpe Jill , Martineau Stephen
Published: October 2019

This paper reports on a systematic thematic synthesis of literature focusing on encouraging and discouraging factors for social workers to train and practise as Approved Mental Health Professionals in England. These professionals have legal authority to authorise the detention for assessment/treatment of people with a ‘mental disorder’ under the Mental Health Act 1983 and other statutory responsibilities. The review included 23 papers, which reported on 14 research studies and is presented using the job demands and resources model.

Findings

The review identified a lack of quantitative studies and specific gaps in evidence about social workers’ motivations or reasons why they do not want to become Approved Mental Health Professionals. It identified job resources and demands relating to the intrinsic nature of Approved Mental Health Professional work and extrinsic factors such as fit with social work values and the shortage of inpatient beds. Some job resources and demands overlapped and interacted.

Applications

The review suggests that a national survey of Approved Mental Health Professionals might be timely, to examine the relative importance of the job resources and demands; to assess their impact on levels of stress and burnout and on Approved Mental Health Professionals’ motivations to continue or cease working in the role. The findings of the review support the need for increasing the number of inpatient mental health beds and community resources and establishing requirements for the availability of doctors (who may make the medical recommendation to detain) and local agreements about the role of the police and ambulance services in Mental Health Act assessments.
Qualitative research skills acquisition within social work doctoral education using project-based learning
Authors: Yang Fan , Maynard Quentin R , Young Sarah R , Kenney Jennifer L , Barber Brad , Boltz Laura , Womack Bethany , Young Teresa L , Nelson-Gardell Debra , Zhang Xiangda
Published: October 2019

The future of social work research relies on the intellect and competence of current doctoral students. These future scholars who receive doctoral education that values qualitative inquiry will create a system where qualitative research traditions receive the same privilege as quantitative research traditions. Project-based learning provides learning opportunities that can challenge assumptions about what academia considers “real” research. This descriptive qualitative study explored key attributes of using project-based learning within two consecutive social work doctoral courses to encourage qualitative research skill development. Students and instructors participated in ideawriting and focus groups to assess the usefulness of PBL within these courses. The findings suggested that PBL may be useful for deepening knowledge about qualitative inquiry and reducing epistemological unconsciousness.
Placing the Preferences of People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities At the Center of End-of-Life Decision Making Through Storytelling
Authors: Watson Joanne , Voss Hille , Bloomer Melissa J.
Published: October 2019

With a focus on the use of narrative approaches, this article is a commentary on decision-making support for people with profound intellectual and multiple disability (PIMD) at the end-of-life. Due to improved health care, people with PIMD are living longer lives than ever before. Therefore, they are increasingly facing decisions relating to end-of-life care and planning. Despite the increased attention that has been given to end-of-life planning, opportunities to have preferences responded to at the end-of-life are more likely afforded to people considered to have cognitive and decision-making capacity. Those supporting people with PIMD to plan for and make decisions about end-of-life care face several challenges. These challenges are rooted in difficulties with communication exchange between people with PIMD and their communication partners, leading to a widely held perception of decision-making incompetence for this population. In response to this challenge, this article draws on empirical research to discuss decision-making support within the context of palliative care and advance care planning, specifically for people with PIMD. It promotes decision-making support as an approach to assist supporters of people with PIMD to allow those people’s expressions of preferences to be acknowledged and acted upon at the end-of-life. The use of narrative is presented and discussed as a tool for enabling this responsiveness, specifically within the context of end-of-life planning.
University Students’ Negotiation of Physical Activity and Sport Participation Constraints
Authors: Wilson Oliver W. A. , Walters Simon R. , Naylor Michael E. , Clarke Jenny C.
Published: October 2019

University (i.e., college) students often encounter constraints to physical activity and sport participation that alter, or totally prevent, participation. The purpose of this study was to examine first-year university students’ negotiation of participation constraints and how their negotiation strategies had changed following the transition from high school to a university ( transition). Data were collected from 121 first-year students at a New Zealand university using an online questionnaire. Data were collected on the duration, frequency, and types of physical activity in relation to high school and university, sociodemographic variables, and students’ use of negotiation strategies. Changes in negotiation and participation following the transition were assessed using open-ended questions. Following the transition, students’ participation preferences/patterns had changed. Analysis revealed three prominent negotiation factors: well-being management, interpersonal, and time prioritization and financial management. Differences in negotiation based on sociodemographic variables and participation were also revealed. The relationships between motives, negotiation, constraints, and participation were also explored.
Compression properties of three-dimensional I-shaped woven composites with basalt fiber filament tows
Authors: Lyu Li-Hua , Liu Wen-Di , Guo Jing , Wei Chun-yan , Zhao Yu-ping , Qian Yong-fang , Xiong Xiao-Qing , Wang Ying , Huang Yao-Li
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the defect of incompleteness, three-dimensional I-shaped fabrics with basalt fiber filaments tows were woven on the semi-automatic loom by reasonable design. Three-dimensional I-shaped woven composites were prepared by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The compressive behaviors of three-dimensional I-shaped woven composites with three different heights and thicknesses were studied. Through the evaluation of load–displacement curves and total energy absorption of the three-dimensional I-shaped woven composites, the results indicated when the thickness was fixed to 2 mm, the maximum compression load with height 20 mm raised 522.72 N as against that with height 60 mm and the maximum compression load with thickness 6 mm raised 2571.81 N as against that with thickness 2 mm. Consequently, the compression properties of three-dimensional I-shaped woven composites decreased with the increasing heights of the composites, while increased with the increasing thickness of the composites. Analyzing morphological characteristics of composites after fracture and load–displacement curves of composites, it was concluded that the compression failure modes had brittle fracture of the fiber bundle, cracking of the matrix, and a typical shear failure in the beam (A2). Despite the above-mentioned failure mechanisms, the three-dimensional I-shaped woven composite still had good integrity without delamination.
International school principals: Routes to headship and key challenges of their role
Authors: Bailey Lucy , Gibson Mark T
Published: October 2019

Although there is an extensive literature across a range of national contexts concerning the evolving role of the school leader, little has been written about the rapidly expanding world of international school leadership. This paper focuses on the top tier of leadership of international schools by drawing on semi-structured interviews with 12 school principals in Malaysia, during which they reflected on the nature of their job and the routes they had taken to headship. It is argued that although the overwhelming majority had taken a school leadership qualification and found elements helpful, they felt that it did not adequately prepare them for their role. Several ways in which international school leadership differs significantly from educational school leadership in other contexts are identified, with principals needing to pay attention to loneliness, transience, cultural differences, governance, business elements, and managing school composition. By identifying key challenges faced by international heads, and by charting the paths that individuals take towards headship, this article seeks to understand the nature of senior leadership in international schools.
Predictable real-time constraints reveal anticipatory strategies of coupled planning in a sequential pick and place task
Authors: Lewkowicz Daniel , Delevoye-Turrell Yvonne N
Published: October 2019

Planning a sequence of two motor elements is much more than concatenating two independent movements. However, very little is known about the cognitive strategies that are used to perform fluent sequences for intentional object manipulation. In this series of studies, the participants’ task was to reach for and pick to place a wooden cylinder to set it on a place pad of three different diameters, which served to modify terminal accuracy constraints. Participants were required to perform the sequences (1) at their preferred speed or (2) as fast as possible. Action kinematics were recorded with the Qualisys motion-capture system in order to implement a real-time protocol to get participants to engage in a true interactive relation. Results revealed that with low internal constraints (at preferred speed), low coupling between the two elements of the motor sequence was observed, suggesting a step-by-step planning strategy. Under high constraints (at fastest speed), an important terminal accuracy effect back propagated to modify early kinematic parameters of the first element, suggesting strong coupling of the parameters in an encapsulated planning strategy. In Studies 2 and 3, we further manipulated instructions and timing constraints to confirm the importance of time and predictability of external information for coupled planning. These findings overall sustain the hypothesis that coupled planning can take place in a pick and place task when anticipatory strategies are possible. This mode of action planning may be the key reason why motor intention can be read through the observation of micro variations in body kinematics.
Direct Intra-arterial thrombectomy in order to Revascularize AIS patients with large vessel occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary hospitals: A Multicenter randomized clinical Trial (DIRECT-MT)—Protocol
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Treurniet Kilian M , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yongwei , Li Zifu , Xing Pengfei , Zhang Yongxin , Zhang Ping , Wang Hao , Hong Bo , Dippel Diederik WJ , Roos Yvo BWEM , Majoie Charles BLM , Deng Benqiang , Liu Jianmin ,   on behalf of DIRECT-MT investigators
Published: October 2019

Rationale

Intravenous thrombolysis combined with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has been proven safe and clinical effective in patients with acute ischemic stroke of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. However, despite reperfusion, a considerable proportion of patients do not recover. Incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was similar between patients treated with the combination of intravenous thrombolysis and MT, as compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone, suggesting that this complication should be attributed to pre-treatment with intravenous thrombolysis. Conversely, intravenous thrombolysis may be beneficial in patients with small clots occluding intracranial arteries with underlying intracranial atherosclerotic disease, not accessible for MT.

Aim

To assess whether direct MT is non-inferior compared to combined intravenous thrombolysis plus MT in patients with AIS due to an anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, and to assess treatment effect modification by presence of intracranial atherosclerotic disease.

Sample size

Aim to randomize 636 patients 1:1 to receive direct MT (intervention) or combined intravenous thrombolysis plus MT (control).

Design

This is a multicenter, prospective, open label parallel group trial with blinded outcome assessment (PROBE design) assessing non-inferiority of direct MT compared to combined intravenous thrombolysis plus MT.

Outcomes

The primary outcome is the score on the modified Rankin Scale assessed blindly at 90 (±14) days. An common odds ratio, adjusted for the prognostic factors (age, NIHSS, collateral score), representing the shift on the 6-category mRS scale measured at three months, estimated with ordinal logistic regression, will be the primary effect parameter. Non-inferiority is established if the lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval does not cross 0.8.

Discussion

DIRECT-MT could result in improved therapeutic efficiency and cost reduction in treatment of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke.
A facile and highly efficient transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Nişancı Bilal , Dağalan Ziya
Published: October 2019

A novel transfer hydrogenation methodology for the reduction of ketones (14 examples) and benzaldehyde derivatives (12 examples) to the corresponding alcohols using Pd nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4/Pd) as a reusable catalyst and ammonia borane as a safe hydrogen source in an aqueous solution MeOH/H2O (v/v = 1/1) is described. The catalytic hydrogenation reactions were conducted in a commercially available high-pressure glass tube at room temperature, and the corresponding alcohols were obtained in high yields in 2–5 min. Moreover, the presented transfer hydrogenation protocol shows partial halogen selectivity with bromo-, fluoro-, and chloro-substituted carbonyl analogs. In addition, the present catalyst can be reused up to five times without losing its efficiency, and scaling-up the reaction enables α-methylbenzyl alcohol to be produced in 90% isolated yield.
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Golabiazar Roonak , Omar Zagros A , Ahmad Rekar N , Hasan Shano A , Sajadi S Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the co-precipitation methods were further functionalized with activated carbon. The magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared confirmed the functionalization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the activated carbon. The X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticles were indexed into the spinel cubic lattice with a lattice parameter of 0.833 nm and an average particle size of about 14 nm. Various parameters such as dislocation density, microstrain, and surface morphological studies were calculated. However, this work implicated the use of magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticles in antibacterial studies. Further, the antibacterial effect of magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticles was evaluated against three pathogenic bacteria, which showed that the nanoparticles have moderate antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative ( Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aureginosa) pathogenic bacterial strains in the presence of different magnetite-activated carbon nanoparticle concentrations at room temperature.
Patient-reported outcomes after in situ cubital tunnel decompression: a report in 77 patients
Authors: Yeoman Thomas F. M. , Stirling Paul H. C. , Lowdon Alexandra , Jenkins Paul J. , McEachan Jane E.
Published: October 2019

This prospective single-centre study describes the patient-reported outcomes following open in situ decompression for cubital tunnel syndrome. The Quick version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and patient satisfaction scores were collected over a 3-year period. Outcomes were available for 77 patients at a mean of 17 months (11–27 months) postoperatively. The mean scores improved significantly from 39 to 30 postoperatively. The score change correlated strongly and significantly with postoperative satisfaction. Sixty-six patients (86%) were satisfied. Patients with clinical evidence of weakness at presentation had significantly lower satisfaction scores than those without. By reporting functional improvement and high levels of patient satisfaction in a large series, this study supports the use of in situ decompression for cubital tunnel syndrome. The outcomes for the patients with weakness and atrophy of ulnar nerve innervated muscles before surgery are less satisfactory.

Level of evidence: III
New evidence in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism during pregnancy
Authors: Viau-Lapointe Julien , Arsenault Marie-Pier
Published: October 2019

Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnancy is notoriously difficult and lacking high quality evidence. Three studies (DiPEP, ARTEMIS and CT-PE-Pregnancy) evaluating a systematic approach to PE diagnosis have recently been published.

DiPEP is a retrospective case-control study that found a poor utility of clinical decision rules or D-dimer testing for PE diagnosis in pregnancy. ARTEMIS and CT-PE-Pregnancy are well conducted prospective management studies that proposed two algorithms with different clinical decision rules and D-dimer criteria for the diagnosis of PE in pregnancy. They included few events in high risk patients, which makes difficult the assessment of both algorithm's safety in women with a high probability of PE.

Considering this new evidence, D-dimer testing might be useful to avoid radiation imaging in pregnant women considered at low risk for PE. In contrast, a negative D-dimer cannot be considered sufficiently safe to rule out PE when clinicians estimate that PE is the most likely diagnosis.