bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are financially sophisticated CEO’s more efficient when it comes to investing?
Authors: Silva Márcio Fernando da , Soares Rodrigo Oliveira
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the relationship between the financial sophistication (FS) of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the efficiency of corporate investments using empirical analysis in a sample of 189 companies listed on the B3 S.A. - Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3), from 2010 to 2021. Research on the individual characteristics of managers has mainly explored aspects related to decisions on companies’ financial policies. Thus, this study seeks to add a new element to the discussion by investigating how these characteristics are related to the efficient use of resources available for investment. By examining the relationship between CEO FS and investment efficiency, it contributes to the discussion in the literature on how manager characteristics affect the way in which decision makers run companies. This adds new insights to the understanding of how the financial skills and individual characteristics of managers can influence organizational performance and results. The research is relevant in presenting the relationship between CEO expertise and investment decisions in the Brazilian market, where the supply of capital tends to be low (financial constraint); consequently, investing more assertively and efficiently has an impact on the organization’s results and longevity. Using a proxy that measures investment efficiency, regressions were run using the generalized method of moments (sys-GMM) and multinomial regression. The analyses suggest that CEO FS is related to investment efficiency in several ways. When FS is measured in terms of components, past experience is negatively related to deviations from the optimal level of investment. However, the international component is positively related to such deviations. In addition, a multinomial analysis showed that CEO experience helps reduce the probability of underinvestment, suggesting that an experienced CEO tends to contribute to the efficiency of company investments.
Clinical decision support systems for diabetic foot ulcers: a scoping review
Authors: Garces Thiago Santos , Araújo Açucena Leal de , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Mattos Samuel Miranda , Damasceno Lara Lídia Ventura , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , Pessoa Vera Lucia Mendes de Paula , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: Map the scientific evidence on the use of clinical decision support systems in diabetic foot care. Method: A scoping review based on the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Searches were carried out in primary and secondary sources on prototypes and computerized tools aimed at assisting patients with diabetic foot or at risk of having it, published in any language or period, in eleven databases and grey literature. Results: A total of 710 studies were identified and, following the eligibility criteria, 23 were selected, which portrayed the use of decision support systems in diabetic foot screening, predicting the risk of ulcers and amputations, classifying the stage of severity, deciding on the treatment plan, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, by processing data relating to clinical and sociodemographic information. Conclusion: Expert systems stand out for their satisfactory results, with high precision and sensitivity when it comes to guiding and qualifying the decision-making process in diabetic foot prevention and care.
Validação de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem “rede social de apoio inadequada”
Authors: França Michelline Santos de , Pontes Cleide Maria , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Mendes Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes , Perrelli Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque , Morais Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira
Published: February 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar evidências de validade de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem “rede social de apoio inadequada”. Método: Estudo metodológico do tipo validação de conteúdo, realizado com 23 juízes que avaliaram a adequação do título, da definição, da classe e do domínio do diagnóstico de enfermagem “rede social de apoio inadequada”. Os juízes também avaliaram a relevância de 28 indicadores clínicos e de 32 fatores etiológicos, os quais foram considerados válidos quando o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi ≥ 0,9. Resultados: Os juízes concordaram com o título proposto e sugeriram alterações na definição do diagnóstico de enfermagem. Recomendaram a sua inserção no Domínio 7 – “Papéis e relacionamentos” e na Classe 3 – “Desempenho de papéis” da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Ademais, 19 indicadores clínicos e 27 fatores etiológicos foram considerados relevantes. Conclusão: O diagnóstico de enfermagem “rede social de apoio inadequada” teve sua estrutura teórica validada quanto ao conteúdo, a qual pode subsidiar a prática do enfermeiro na operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem.
Contribuições do (re)desenho de tarefas para a formação de professores de matemática
Authors: Sousa Jorge Ramos de , Gusmão Tânia Cristina Rocha Silva
Published: February 2024

Resumo Neste artigo, nosso foco está em estudos que abordam questões relacionadas à formação de professores, com ênfase nos conhecimentos matemáticos e didáticos necessários para o ensino da matemática, bem como em estudos sobre o (re)desenho de tarefas e contextos extramatemáticos, baseados nos Critérios de Idoneidade Didática do Enfoque Ontossemiótico. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa com três professores-participantes para estudar, analisar e (re)desenhar tarefas que envolvam contextos externos à matemática (extramatemáticos), com o objetivo de aprimorar o conhecimento didático-matemático desses professores. Como conclusão, constatamos que o (re)desenho de tarefas contribuiu para o aumento do conhecimento didático-matemático dos professores participantes, pois eles se apropriaram das temáticas abordadas na formação para as análises e (re)desenhos que fizeram, refletindo sobre a matemática, a profissão de professor e a necessidade de formação continuada na área em questão. Também, o estudo contribuiu para a aproximação da matemática na vida dos estudantes, incorporando o entorno social e as demandas locais como parte das preocupações diárias dos professores, sem negligenciar o tratamento matemático adequado dos conteúdos.
Tipologia do Contrato Didático: um estudo teórico
Authors: Lima Borba Valéria Maria de , Brito Lima Anna Paula de Avelar , Cavalcanti José Dilson Bessera
Published: February 2024

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo geral propor uma tipologia de Contrato Didático, considerando elementos da Didática da Matemática, da Psicanálise e da Relação ao Saber do Professor, no contexto da sala de aula de Matemática do Ensino Superior. O Contrato Didático se inscreve, indissociavelmente, na relação didática, envolvendo as inter-relações entre o professor, os alunos e o saber. Sem negar essa indissociabilidade, orientamo-nos a partir do olhar sobre o professor. Assim, focamos, principalmente, nos aspectos referentes às relações do professor ao aluno e ao saber. Foi nesse contexto, portanto, que a Relação ao Saber emergiu como uma noção-chave em nossa investigação. Ao considerar a natureza do contexto de nosso estudo, acreditamos que essa articulação entre Contrato Didático e Relação ao Saber permitiu dar conta de olhar a sala de aula como um espaço psíquico. A partir dessa configuração, identificamos, no estudo de Jacques Nimier, os modos de relação às Matemáticas, pertinência para nortear a construção da tipologia que almejávamos. Assim, estruturamos nossa investigação em dois momentos inter-relacionados. No primeiro momento, realizamos a fundamentação das bases teóricas para o esboço de modelização da Tipologia de Contrato Didático. No segundo momento, propomos o esboço de uma modelização da tipologia de Contrato Didático na qual estabelecemos quatro tipos de contratos: o Contrato Didático Projetivo; o Persecutório ou Perverso, o Narcisista e o Idealizado.
Health services utilization by older adults in rural and urban areas of Brazil
Authors: Alves Gleica Soyan Barbosa , Parente Rosana Cristina Pereira , Herkrath Fernando José
Published: February 2024

Abstract Objective To assess health services utilization by older adults in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted analyzing data from the 2019 National Health Survey on older adults (≥60 years) selected from households based on 22,728 interviews (3,300 in rural and 19,426 in urban areas). For rural and urban areas, the prevalence of Family Health Strategy enrolment, time since last medical and dental visit, service use in past 2 weeks, and last blood pressure and blood glucose measurements were estimated. Also, the factors associated with medical and dental health services utilization in the past 12 months were explored. Results Self-rated health of “Very good” or “Good” was greater in urban areas (47.32%), as was the proportion of older adults reporting a medical or dental visit within the last 12 months (90.54%). Rates of blood pressure (81.30%) and glucose (45.83%) monitoring were lower in rural areas. Older individuals that had low education, resided in rural areas, and the North region, had a lower likelihood of using health services Conclusion The older population living in rural areas had poorer health status compared with the urban population.
Análise do conhecimento, das atitudes e das práticas de médicos e enfermeiros sobre as vivências de cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas com demência: um estudo CAP
Authors: Maciel Monique Maira , Reiners Annelita Almeida Oliveira , Cunha Carla Rafaela Teixeira , Azevedo Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza , Cardoso Joana Darc Chaves , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: February 2024

Resumo Objetivo analisar o Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP) dos profissionais de saúde, durante a assistência às pessoas idosas vivendo com demência em relação às situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais e a associação com fatores sociodemográficos e profissionais. Método estudo transversal e analítico, do tipo CAP, realizado no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil, com 20 enfermeiros e 20 médicos das Unidades de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista utilizando-se um instrumento desenvolvido a partir da literatura disponível sobre estudos CAP. Realizou-se análise descritiva e análise bivariada da associação entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais, utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados os profissionais de saúde apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório e atitude favorável sobre as situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais de pessoas idosas vivendo com demência. Dos profissionais, 65% possuem práticas insuficientes direcionadas aos cuidadores, incluindo orientações, grupos de apoio e educação em saúde. Não houve associação significativa entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Conclusão embora os profissionais de saúde tenham conhecimento satisfatório sobre a situação de cuidado vivenciada pelos cuidadores e atitudes positivas em relação a eles, suas práticas se mostram insuficientes para atender suas necessidades, de forma a não contribuir para que os cuidadores possam lidar com as várias situações que o decorrer da doença ocasiona para a pessoa idosa e a eles.
Scientific publications on driving by older adults: scope review
Authors: Mourão Danielle Félix Arruda , Oliveira Eveline Alves , Ribeiro Alice Silva Osterne , Almeida Paulo César de , Oliveira Thalis Rebouças de , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: February 2024

Abstract Objective To map national and international scientific evidence regarding driving by older adults. Method Scope review based on the manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO databases, and grey literature through Google Scholar. Results Out of 1,194 studies identified, 189 papers meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Pioneering countries in publications were Australia and the United States, with the peak of research occurring between 2013 and 2014. Study participants included healthy older adults (63.49%, 120), followed by those with Alzheimer's disease (17.46%, 33), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (11.11%, 21), Parkinson's disease (6.88%, 13), and other comorbidities (19.58%, 37). Various interventions were identified, with 94.02% (178) assessing the effectiveness of instruments measuring the fitness of older drivers. Conclusion There was a prevalence of studies aimed at identifying assessment tools to measure the functionality of older drivers. This underscores the importance of standardized, validated, and economically viable assessments that contribute to identifying at-risk drivers. The need for interventions in geriatrics and gerontology was evident, emphasizing the necessity for actions to establish a specialized multidisciplinary team in vehicular driving. This approach seeks to align licensing guidelines with the specific needs of older drivers, taking into account social, economic, political, and educational aspects, particularly within the Brazilian traffic departments.
Publicações científicas sobre direção veicular por pessoas idosas: revisão de escopo
Authors: Mourão Danielle Félix Arruda , Oliveira Eveline Alves , Ribeiro Alice Silva Osterne , Almeida Paulo César de , Oliveira Thalis Rebouças de , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: February 2024

Resumo Objetivo Mapear evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre a condução veicular por pessoas idosas. Método Revisão de escopo baseada no manual proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para as buscas foram acessadas as bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e a literatura cinzenta, por meio do Google Scholar. Resultados Dos 1.194 estudos encontrados, selecionaram-se 189 artigos submetidos aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os países precursores nas publicações foram Austrália e Estados Unidos, e o ápice das pesquisas ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014. Os participantes dos estudos eram pessoas idosas saudáveis, 63,49% (120); seguidos de 17,46% (33) com doença de Alzheimer; 11,11% (21) com Transtorno Neurocognitivo Leve; 6,88% (13) com doença de Parkinson; e 19,58% (37) com outras comorbidades. Diferentes tipos de intervenções foram identificadas nos estudos, destas, 94,02% (178) avaliaram a eficácia de instrumentos que mensuram a aptidão do motorista idoso. Conclusão Houve predominância de estudos na busca de instrumentos de avaliação que mensurassem a funcionalidade do condutor idoso. Esse fato ratifica a importância de avaliação padronizada, validada e economicamente viável que colabore na identificação do motorista em risco. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de intervenções para a prática da geriatria e gerontologia, por meio de ações para formação de equipe multidisciplinar especializada em condução veicular, de modo a adequar as diretrizes de licenciamento a fim de atender às especificidades dos condutores idosos, considerando os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e educacionais, especialmente nos departamentos de trânsito brasileiro.
Self-esteem and aesthetics in the perception of older adults from Social Assistance Reference Centers
Authors: Figueira Olivia , Perini Carla Corradi , Sganzerla Anor , Marcellini Paulo Sergio
Published: February 2024

Abstract Objective To analyze the perception of older adults regarding their body image and self-esteem. Method A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with 28 older adults in the Social Assistance Reference Centers of Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. A structured interview with a questionnaire comprising 10 questions addressing feelings about aesthetics in aging and its repercussions on self-esteem was administered. Data analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results The analysis of perception regarding aesthetics and self-esteem in aging resulted in 5 classes: Class 1 (19.8%) "Self-esteem vs. self-image", Class 2 (20.7%) "Feelings and sensations experienced", Class 3 (20.7%) "Aspects beyond appearance influencing self-esteem", Class 4 (18.1%) "Reasons for engaging in aesthetic care", and Class 5 (20.7%) "Types of interventions and aesthetic care". Elevated self-esteem was found in an economically vulnerable population. Many older adults reported changes in how they are treated with aging; however, this was not solely perceived negatively. Conclusion Despite societal promotion of a beauty standard, older adults can live satisfactorily with high self-esteem without being negatively influenced.
Autoestima e estética na percepção de pessoas idosas de Centros de Referência de Assistência Social
Authors: Figueira Olivia , Perini Carla Corradi , Sganzerla Anor , Marcellini Paulo Sergio
Published: February 2024

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a percepção de pessoas idosas em relação a sua imagem corporal e autoestima. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva realizada com 28 pessoas idosas nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social de Araucária, Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicada entrevista com roteiro estruturado composto por 10 questões que abordavam os sentimentos em relação à estética no envelhecimento e às repercussões na autoestima. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o software IRAMUTEQ®. Resultados A análise da percepção em relação à estética e autoestima no envelhecimento resultou em 5 classes: classe 1 (19,8%) “Relação autoestima x autoimagem”, classe 2 (20,7%) “Sentimentos e sensações experimentadas”, classe 3 (20,7%) “Aspectos além da aparência que influenciam a autoestima”, classe 4 (18,1%) “Motivos para realizar cuidados estéticos” e classe 5 (20,7%) “Tipos de intervenções e cuidados estéticos”. Elevada autoestima foi encontrada em uma população vulnerável economicamente. Muitas pessoas idosas relataram que com o envelhecimento houve mudanças na forma como são tratadas, entretanto, isso não foi percebido somente de forma negativa. Conclusão Embora a sociedade promova um padrão de beleza, as pessoas idosas conseguem viver de forma satisfatória, com elevada autoestima, sem serem influenciadas negativamente.
New reddish species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil
Authors: Reia Lais , Silva Gabriel de Sousa Costa e , Oliveira Claudio , Benine Ricardo Cardoso
Published: February 2024

Abstract A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Culuene, rio Xingu basin, in Mato Grosso State is described here through genetic and morphological data. This new species differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: the presence of reddish color on the posterior portion of the body, as well as on the base of anal, adipose, and pelvic fins in live specimens; a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe, which extends from posterior margin of opercle to the middle of caudal-fin rays, becoming wider and more conspicuous from the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin; absence of humeral blotch; absence of blotches on caudal-fin lobes; by having the concentration of dark pigments on the anterior margin of the caudal-fin rays; and presence of 2–3 maxillary teeth. A brief discussion about its putative relationships with other congeners is presented.
A new long-snouted Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Tencatt Luiz Fernando Caserta , Couto Ondina Lillan Pinto do , Santos Sérgio Alexandre dos , Sousa Leandro Melo de
Published: February 2024

Abstract A new species of Corydoras is described from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Pará State, Brazil. The new species can be promptly distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following features: (I) temporal sensory canal at sphenotic with two pores; (II) upper tooth plate of branchial arch with three or four series of teeth; (III) area at the corner of the mouth, ventral to the maxillary barbel, with a small, roughly triangular fleshy flap, not forming an elongated barbel-like structure; (IV) contact between posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and nuchal plate; (V) dark stripe transversally crossing the orbit, forming a mask-like blotch; (VI) absence of a distinct color pattern along midline of flank; (VII) dorsolateral body plates only with small, irregular, rounded or vertically elongated dark brown or black blotches; ground color of plates typically dusky but not forming large, conspicuous black patches; and (VIII) absence of a relatively large, conspicuous dark patch on anterior portion of dorsal fin.
GAMIFICATION AND RISK AVERSION: AN EMPIRICAL ESSAY WITH MANAGEMENT STUDENTS
Authors: Melo Felipe Luiz Neves Bezerra de , Soares Ana Maria Jerônimo
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT This article evaluates whether the use of gamification in entrepreneurship education is associated with a reduction in risk aversion among students studying at the technical level of Business Administration. As a theoretical framework, we used the Cumulative Prospect Theory. The research was conducted at a Brazilian Federal Institute (IF) of education. We used a sample of 191 participants, and the research instrument was applied at the beginning and end of the course. The data analysis included the Difference-in-Difference, Propensity Score Matching, and Quantile Regression methods. The results indicate that, after the implementation of the gamified pedagogical practice, there was an increase in the participants’ propensity to assume risks related to financial allocation decisions and occupational choices. This corroborates the role of gamification in the development of entrepreneurial skills by revealing that its use aids in preparing students to deal with uncertainties and calculated risks.
Forum on Rahul Rao’s Out of Time, Part II: Rethinking Homonationalisms
Authors: Puar Jasbir , Deylami Shirin
Published: February 2024

Abstract In this Forum, six scholars reflect on Rahul Rao’s recent book Out of Time: The Queer Politics of Postcoloniality from other geographies, themes and radical possibilities. Part II explores the analytic of homonationalism in dialogue with Rao’s Out of Time. Jasbir Puar, who coined the term in an earlier path-breaking work, thinks with and against Rao’s book on the relations between homonationalism and what Rao called homocapitalism. Puar also explores how the caste-gender politics of Radical Sikhi during the Farmers’ Protests in India (2020-2021) can serve as an alternative source of inspiration, companion to the queer and trans Dalits of Rao’s book. Shirin Deylami reflects on Rao’s work by exploring the disoriented grammars of the Iranian Islamic state. Specifically, Deylami analyses the way in which the discourse of westoxification has influenced and challenged the divergent state responses to transgender claims for care versus gay and lesbian rights claims.
Reflections on children and law: Special Edition in honour of Emeritus Professor Trynie Boezaart
Authors: Skelton Ann , Ozah Karabo
Published: February 2024

Professor Trynie Boezaart imagined a law faculty and a law profession -in fact, a legal system - that recognised child law as a separate field of law. She did not just leave that in the realm of imagination - she rolled up her sleeves and got to work on making it happen. In 1998 she established the Centre for Child Law in the Department of Private Law at the University of Pretoria. As an established researcher and author in family law, the law of delict and the law of persons, the Department of Private Law was her home. She knew very well, however, that child law was broader than that. It spanned many aspects of law - constitutional law, public law, and even, somewhat surprisingly, mercantile law. The very first case that the Centre for Child Law took on in 2004 was in fact a labour law matter which carved out a special exemption for child and youth care work, by defining this work as part of essential services, in order to ensure children would not be left without carers due to a workers' strike. In the year that case was taken, the first author of this foreword, Ann Skelton, joined the Centre for Child Law. She was the Centre's Strategic Litigation Director from 2004 to 2014. Ann took over as Director when Trynie moved to become the Head of Department of Private Law. In the meanwhile, Karabo Ozah, the second author of this foreword, joined the Centre as an attorney, and in January 2019, she became the Director of the Centre for Child Law.
Informed consent and access to gender-affirming treatment for children in South Africa
Authors: Ozah Karabo
Published: February 2024

Informed consent for medical treatment is a developed legal concept in South African common law; the elements of which have been clearly set out by our courts. The overarching principle is viewed as a collaboration between medical practitioner and patient to understand the medical prognoses, medical advice and recommended treatment as well as the risk associated with such treatment. It should be done in such a way that the medical practitioner is not viewed as the "gatekeeper" of the medical treatment, but that the practitioner has confidence that they have provided the necessary information to enable the patient to decide. Where children are concerned, there is a greater duty to ensure informed consent for medical treatment is obtained in a manner that safeguards the short-term and long-term, best interests of the child, while also respecting the evolving capacities of the child. This paper examines the rights of children to consent to gender-affirming treatment and explores how this issue could be dealt with in an approach that recognises the autonomy of children while ensuring that their short-term and long-term best interests are upheld. The paper argues that the provisions of section 129 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the Gender Affirming Healthcare Guidelines provide sufficient guidance as to how informed consent for gender-reaffirming treatment for children should be obtained in line with their evolving capacities.
Кейсы российских университетов. Вып. 4, 2022–2023
Authors: Зиньковский Кирилл , Савелёнок Евгений , Габдрахманов Нияз
Published: February 2024

В четвертом сборнике представлены кейсы российских вузов, отражающие современные аспекты управления университетом, наукой и инновациями в технических и творческих вузах, профориентацию будущих инженеров и развитие у них гибких навыков, экспорт образовательных услуг и управление имущественным комплексом вуза. Кейсы разработаны на основе актуальной информации и интервью с руководителями вузов, студентами, представителями компаний партнеров и работодателей. Кейсы разработаны студенты магистерской программы «Управление в высшем образовании» Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. Сборник предназначен для использования в образовательных программах, нацеленных на подготовку управленческих команд вузов, а также для широкого круга лиц, интересующихся вопросами трансформации высшего образования и управления университетами. Магистерская программа «Управление в высшем образовании» с 2011 г. реализуется Институтом образования Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики». Программа предназначена для обучения современному университетскому управлению сотрудников высших учебных заведений. Это первая из российских образовательных программ своего направления, которая включена в авторитетный международный каталог академических программ в сфере высшего образования и регулярно публикует сборники кейсов российских университетов.
Muconic acid isomers and aromatic compounds analyzed by UHPLC-DAD v2
Authors: P. Woodworth Sean , J. Haugen Stefan , E. Michener William , J. Ramirez Kelsey , T. Beckham Gregg
Published: February 2024

An analysis method was developed to allow for quantitation of muconic acid isomers (cis, cis and cis, trans) and aromatic compounds by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography paired with diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). This was achieved by reproducible preparation of c,c and c,t isomers of muconic acid and chromatographic separation using a mobile phase gradient to separate various aromatic analytes and muconic isomers on a UHPLC reverse phase analytical column.
Defined medium for Neocallimastigomycota v1
Authors: Strobl Sophia
Published: February 2024

This is the protocol for the completely defined medium base for Neocallimastigomycota (anaerobic gut fungi, AGF) that was used within the HiPoAF and FUNGAS projects. If you add 2 g/L xylan and 3 g/L cellobiose as C-sources to this medium, Neocallimastigomycota - in our experience - can grow on it for prolonged periods (more than 18 months and running, with weekly sub-cultivation). We use this medium, however, more for short-term experiments rather than long-term culture maintenance. So far, we have tested this medium on strains of Anaeromyces mucronatus, Caecomyces communis, Neocallimastix cameroonii, Neocallimastix frontalis, Pecoramyces ruminantium and all were able to grow. However, depending on the C-source added, they might show unusual clustering behaviour (e.g., clinging onto the glass). This completely defined medium remains nearly colourless if no C-source is added before autoclaving the bottles, which is especially convenient for microscopy. For this purpose, a soluble C-source can be added directly to the bottles after autoclaving.
Awake surgery in neurooncology. Part 1. Anesthesia features, selection of patients, method’s advantages and drawbacks
Authors: Dmitriev A. Yu. , Sinkin M. V. , Solodov A. A. , Dashyan V. G.
Published: February 2024

To reduce patient’s discomfort during awake surgery convenient patient’s position on operation table is applied, comfort temperature and close contact to psychologist are supported. Anesthesiologic features of awake surgery include regional and conduction anesthesia of scalp nerves, light sedation, attentive control over air ways and dural infiltration with anesthetics. Keeping patient’s consciousness during surgical approach increases reliability of intraoperative tests but demands more thorough anesthesia and control over patient’s condition.

Neuromonitoring in awake patient increases extent of gliomas’ resection and decreases risk of permanent neurological disorders.

Risks of awake surgery are devided into respiratory, neurological, cardiological and psychological. Intraoperative seizures arise in 3–12 % of cases.

Most of the patients rate awake surgery positively and agree to repeated similar operations.
Bilateral simultaneous sampling of the cavernous and inferior petrosal sinuses in the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Rudakov I. A. , Savello A. V. , Cherebillo V. Yu. , Paltsev A. A. , Tsoy U. A. , Grineva E. N. , Kuritsyna N. V.
Published: February 2024

Background. Currently, the “gold standard” of differential diagnosis of Cushing’s disease is inferior petrosal sinus sampling and measurement of the adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level. The studied literature data indicate a wide variability in the sensitivity and specificity of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the range of 85–100 and 67–100 %, respectively, which can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of the source of ACTH hyperproduction and, as a consequence, to incorrect and untimely treatment.

Aim.To improve the results of differential diagnosis of Cushing»s disease by using bilateral simultaneous sampling of the cavernous and inferior petrosal sinuses.

Materials and methods. Cohort single-center retro/prospective study of 70 patients with confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. For the purpose of differential diagnosis, a number of indicators were calculated: central-peripheral ratio, prolactin-normalized ACTH ratio, successful catheterization. Sampling results were evaluated in comparison with contrast-enhanced pituitary magnetic resonance imaging data and intraoperative data.

Results. The study of the central-peripheral ratio showed the need to assess it simultaneously at the level of the cavernous and inferior petrosal sinuses. This approach makes it possible to significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of the applied gradient to 93.1 and 85.7 %, respectively. Prolactin-normalized ACTH ratio is a second line predictor in the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s disease with sensitivity and specificity reaching 94.7 and 28.6 %, respectively. The gradient of successful catheterization is a reflection of possible hemodynamic features of a particular sinus, does not serve as an indicator of the correct positioning of microcatheters in the vascular bed.

Conclusion. Bilateral simultaneous sampling of the cavernous and inferior petrosal sinuses is an effective method of differential diagnosis of Cushing’s disease and ectopic ACTH-dependent syndrome.
Fault diagnosis for rolling bearings based on generalised dispersive mode decomposition and accugram
Authors: Zhong Xianyou , He Liu , Wan Gang , Zhao Yang
Published: February 2024

Bearing fault diagnosis helps to ensure the safe operation of electromechanical equipment and reduce unnecessary losses due to downtime. The interference of noise in the signal poses a challenge in the effective identification of rolling bearing faults. To address the above problems,
this paper proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis (RBFD) method based on generalised dispersive mode decomposition (GDMD) and an accugram. Firstly, the bearing signal is decomposed using GDMD and the optimal number of decomposition modes is chosen using a new index based on the correlation
coefficient and accuracy. According to the number of determined decomposition modes, the fault signal is reconstructed. Then, the centre frequency and bandwidth of the resonant frequency are determined using an accugram. Finally, the fault signal is filtered and analysed using a square envelope
spectrum to achieve rolling bearing fault diagnosis. Experimental signal analysis verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. The method is applied to the early fault diagnosis of rolling bearings and compared with kurtogram and accugram results. The results show that the approach
can not only effectively avoid the interference of external impacts but it can also correctly recognise the fault characteristic frequency band.
Evolution of Smart Farming: Integrating IoT and AI in Agricultural Engineering
Authors: Mandapuram Mounika , Mahadasa Ravikiran , Surarapu Pavani
Published: February 2024

Smart farming, a confluence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), is changing agriculture by infusing it with unrivaled levels of precision and sustainability. This is happening as a result of the convergence of these two technologies. IoT sensors methodically collect real-time data from the soil, weather, and livestock, and AI algorithms decipher this information to deliver practical insights into this technological symphony. This article captures the essence of smart farming, a transformative method that maximizes the use of resources, improves efficiency, and secures a resilient future for agriculture. Come with us as we travel where technology and the earth meet to create a more sustainable era in the age-old art of farming.
Rifampicin Inhibits TLR4 and IL1β Gene Expression and Enhances SH-SY5Y Cell Viability After Prolonged Ethanol Exposure in an In Vitro Experiment
Authors: Airapetov M.I. , Eresko S.O. , Rogova A.S. , Bychkov E.R. , Lebedev A.A. , Shabanov P.D.
Published: February 2024

Prolonged alcohol exposure activates TLR4-signaling pathways in the brain, responsible for the development of neuroinflammation. There is interest in pharmacologic correction of these mechanisms. The antibiotic rifampicin (Rif) is known as a potential neuroprotectant which can correct various pathologic conditions of the nervous system associated with the development of neuroinflammatory events. We performed a study on human neuroblastoma cell culture SH-SY5Y. Prolonged incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with ethanol (24 h, 100 mM) of induced activation the innate immune system genes Tlr4 and Il1β. Pre-treatment with Rif (25-100 mM) prior to incubation of cells with ethanol inhibited Tlr4 and Il1β gene expression, whereas addition of Rif after incubation of cells with ethanol dose-dependently reduced the increased expression of Tlr4 and Il1β genes, with the most significant effect observed at a concentration of 100 mM. In addition, the use of Rif increased cell survival in culture. Thus, the results of our experiment has shown that Rif is able to eliminate the increased expression of inflammation genes caused by prolonged alcohol exposure and to increase the survival rate of long-term incubated cells in ethanol solution.
Anomaly Detection Using Graph Neural Network
Authors: Lakha Bishal
Published: February 2024

Detecting malicious behavior is becoming increasingly crucial as the internet becomes more prevalent. This problem can be formulated as an anomaly detection task on provenance data, where attacks are detectable as anomalies in the behavior of the system. The availability of system-level data in comparison to network data is quite limited and so is the research carried out on system-level logs. However, monitoring the operating system's processes during program execution and identifying anomalous behavior in system calls can be beneficial since it can provide broad coverage and generality, as a variety of malicious applications could be identified. Furthermore, logs like system processes and events are provenance data- a graph that describes the relationship between all the elements that contributed to the creation of the data, making use of a Graph Neural Network (GNN) better suited for the task. Moreover, such data may contain metadata, which in general tends to be complex and make feature engineering more difficult resulting in limited usage of such features.

In this thesis, we address these issues by first utilizing the graph-like structure of logs, in which processes enact events and generate additional processes. Then we use a graph neural network to create representations of each event, encoding information about their neighboring events in a way that is unsupervised. The second is to make use of complex features such as command arguments which vary widely and cannot be used in the presented format as features in typical machine learning algorithms. If these features are instead encoded using a system composed of transformer and Variational Auto Encoder models, they can then be used in other algorithms such as a GNN or anomaly detector. These two approaches combined improve anomaly detection AUCROC for the BETH dataset by around 8 percent as compared to the manually engineered features alone.
Portable Sparse Polyhedral Framework Code Generation Using Multi Level Intermediate Representation
Authors: St. George Aaron
Published: February 2024

The Sparse Polyhedral Framework (SPF) provides vital support to scientific applications, but is limited in portability. SPF extends the Polyhedral Model to non-affine codes. Scientific applications need the optimizations SPF enables, but current SPF tools don't support GPUs or other heterogeneous hardware targets. As clock speeds continue to stagnate, scientific applications need the performance enhancements enabled by both SPF and newer heterogeneous hardware.

The MLIR (Multi-Level Intermediate Representation) ecosystem offers a large, extensible, and cooperating set of intermediate representations (called dialects). A typical compiler has one main intermediate representation, whereas an MLIR based compiler will have many. Because of this flexibility, the MLIR ecosystem has many dialects designed with heterogeneous hardware platforms in mind.

This work creates an MLIR SPF dialect. The dialect enables SPF optimizations and is capable of generating GPU code as well as CPU code from SPF representations. Previous C based SPF front ends are not capable of generating GPU code. The SPF dialect representations of common sparse scientific kernels generate CPU code competitive with the existing C based front end, and GPU code competitive with standard benchmarks.
The role of quick pain management treatments in clinical physiotherapy practice in India: Advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations
Authors: Thiyagarajan Alagappan
Published: February 2024

Quick pain management treatments in physiotherapy play a vital role in addressing immediate musculoskeletal or movement-related issues, providing short-term relief to patients. This article explores the reasons why patients seek quick treatments, outlines their advantages and disadvantages, and provides recommendations for a more comprehensive physiotherapy approach.

The content is based on a synthesis of current literature, including scholarly articles, clinical guidelines, and textbooks in physiotherapy, pain management, and rehabilitation.

Patients often seek quick treatments for reasons such as immediate relief from pain and discomfort, convenience, shorter duration, cost considerations, a preference for rapid solutions, and concerns about more invasive procedures. However, relying solely on quick treatments may mask symptoms, delay overall recovery, and increase the risk of recurrent problems. The article emphasizes the importance of education, setting realistic expectations, developing comprehensive treatment plans, empowering patients, continuous monitoring and adjustment, evidence-based practice, addressing patient concerns, and promoting long-term health goals.

Physiotherapists and patients should collaborate to strike a balance between quick treatments for short-term relief and a more comprehensive approach for long-term recovery and prevention. The recommendations provided aim to enhance patient understanding, engagement, and satisfaction, ultimately contributing to improved overall outcomes in physiotherapy.
Transparência dos Tribunais de Contas do Norte brasileiro nas ações de controle dos gastos com Covid-19 (Paper 563)
Authors: Costa Jessika Caroline Souza , Da Costa Eduardo José Monteiro
Published: February 2024

Os tribunais de contas devem ser transparentes e possuir canais que permitam à sociedade exercer a cidadania, especialmente no atual contexto pandêmico. Portanto, este artigo teve o objetivo de analisar a transparência dos Tribunais de Contas do Norte brasileiro nas ações de controle dos gastos com Covid-19. Para tratar a questão “Como os tribunais de contas do Norte brasileiro estão aplicando a diretriz de fiscalização 7 do Parecer Técnico CNPTC no 05/2020?”, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de análise documental. Assim, solicitou-se, via ouvidoria, aos oito tribunais de contas da região, informações sobre a forma de implementação das duas ações sugeridas na diretriz, bem como resposta sobre as ações pedagógicas e de fiscalização desses órgãos de controle externo sobre as políticas de enfrentamento à Covid-19 adotadas pelos respectivos jurisdicionados. Na sequência, confrontaram-se as respostas apresentadas pelos tribunais estudados com as informações divulgadas nos respectivos portais. Os resultados revelaram que as ações sugeridas não foram seguidas a contento pela maioria dos tribunais e permitiram concluir que, apesar da existência de sítios eletrônicos exclusivos para tratar do assunto, o processo de transparência das páginas eletrônicas não está sendo atingido por seis das oito cortes de contas estudadas.Palavras-chave: Transparência. Tribunais de Contas. Controle. Covid-19.
“Great Haste Makes Great Waste”: The Constitutional Nature of the Mechanism of Removal of a Member of a District Electoral Commission
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Law of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Constitutional Law of the Ural State Law University Named after V.F. Yakovlev, PhD (Law), Chirninov Aldar M.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the temporal aspects of the procedure for the removal of a member of a polling station commission in Russia. The legislator has established a reduced time frame for considering an administrative claim — it shall be considered no later than the day following the day it is received by the court. However, the courts interpret this provision in such a way that it allows them to notify a commission member of the hearing in an extremely short period of time. Moreover, the courts tend to schedule a hearing at the time when the vote counting procedure is underway, without taking into account the real need for the immediate removal of a member of a polling station commission. The author believes that such an approach violates constitutional requirements, since it deprives an administrative defendant of the opportunity to prepare for a case, find a qualified lawyer and collect evidence on time.
An Analysis of Private Property Confiscation Procedures in Russia and the USA
Authors:   Student of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makarov Danil V.
Published: February 2024

Mass media has lately started an active discussion about confiscation of property of Russia, Russian legal entities, individuals and affiliated persons in the USA. At the same time, there are no such cases with regards to any American contractors in Russia. In such a situation, a person with well-developed legal consciousness poses the question of legitimacy of such actions of the U.S. government, the legal aspect of the matter. To answer this question, it makes sense to study respective U.S. regulations, determine the specifics of this phenomena as compared to the Russian law and order for the purposes of clear differentiation of this procedure in the two countries that differ in terms of history and the legal family. The article reviews the property confiscation issue from the constitutional regulation standpoint, compares approaches of Russian and American legislators with regards to the property confiscation grounds, procedure and consequences before and after the start of the active use of the sanctions pressure mechanism. The author concludes that there is an obvious abuse of power by the U.S. legislator in terms of the regulation of this institution as compared to the Russian Federation.
A Sovereign and Their Extraordinary Position: The Machiavellian Interpretation of the Image
Authors:   Head, Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Distinguished Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Science (Law), Professor, Isaev Igor A.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the politically significant interpretation of the sovereign’s image as it developed in the Machiavellian tradition of Europe in the XVI–XVII centuries, as well as such categories as ‘the state interest’ and ‘the state of emergency’, which specify the sovereign’s image that retains its importance both in the modern political theory and practice.
The Problem of the Interaction between Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence in the Works by G.F. Shershenevich
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist, Professor of the Department of General Theoretical Legal Disciplines of the North-Caucasian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Gusarova Marina A.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the problem of interaction between the philosophy of law and jurisprudence as an integral condition of their co-evolution in the works of G.F. Shershenevich.
Legal Tools of Strategic Planning in the Sphere of Protection of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Likhatchev Russian Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage, PhD (Philosophy), Shashkin Pavel A.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the author’s idea of the establishment of the main legal tools of strategic planning of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of traditional spiritual and moral values, culture and historical memory.