bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Model of Formation of Socially Significant Competences of the Teachers in the Field of Volunteering
Authors: Мансурова Светлана , Mansurova Svetlana , Дощинский Роман , Doschinsky Roman
Published: April 2018

The normative documents actualize the formation of the teacher’s competencies in the management of volunteer initiatives of students. These documents require the formation of appropriate competencies of teachers. It is assumed that the social pedagogical competence will be formed in the framework of the teacher’s acquisition of vocational education, including additional vocational education. The article presents an invariant model for the formation of teachers’ competences in the field of sociocultural, ecological, patriotic, sports and other types of volunteering. The authors revealed the system character of the proposed model, predetermining the complexity of the formation of social pedagogical competencies as the ability to participate in the development and implementation of socially valuable activities of trainees, the development of social initiatives, social projects. Integration of volunteerism into educational organizations is justified as an effective technology for educating young people. In this case, the practical-oriented invariant model and its accompanying variative models are primarily oriented toward the professional growth of pedagogical workers in the capital’s education system.
Entertaining Assignments on the History of Moscow for Conducting “The World Around Us” Lessons
Authors: Горбаткина Ирина , Gorbatkina Irina
Published: April 2018

The article is addressed to the actual issue of the practice of the modern elementary school - the study of the history of the native land, its small homeland. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of primary general education, the inclusion of students in the historical past of Russia, the education of their respectful attitude towards their city, region, country is considered as an objective result of mastering the basic educational program for the training course “The World Around Us”. The author offers practical materials for the organization of cognitive games, educational dialogues with the teacher at the lessons of the surrounding world, with the purpose of expanding and refining the historical representations of the students about the city of Moscow, the 870th anniversary of which was celebrated in 2017.
Design of machine-building workshops and sites
Authors: Бойко Анатолий , Boyko Anatoliy , Погонин Анатолий , Pogonin Anatoliy , Афанасьев Александр , Afanas'ev Aleksandr , Воронкова Марина , Voronkova Marina
Published: April 2018

The textbook "Designing of machine-building workshops and sites" is a publication created on the basis of a modern methodology for designing production systems with specified properties, using an automated design system. Since the main structural units of the machine-building enterprise are mechanical and Assembly shops and sites, so they are paid special attention in the textbook.
The theoretical basis of the discipline blended with a large amount of calculations of stalemate machining and mechanical Assembly processes, personnel, production prompdy and examples of designing the different purpose areas.
Real-time simulation: first-hand experience of the challenges of community nursing for students
Authors: Reynolds Stephanie , Cooper-Stanton Garry , Potter Andrew
Published: April 2018

The Community Challenge is a simulated community event for pre-registration nursing students across all four fields. Through the provision of real-time simulation, the Community Challenge has combined a deeper learning for both nursing students and the drama students who were involved in making the scenarios real and interactive. The event was run over 5 days, with positive evaluations from students and staff. Furthermore, Community Challenge has been found to be successful in expanding opportunities for students that align with national drivers, curriculum planning and interprofessional learning. The event has allowed students to engage in learning with other fields, enhancing their own practice. The Community Challenge has been found to enhance the link between theory and practice within primary care, promoting the relevance and importance of community care within nursing.
Caring for patients with dementia in the acute care setting
Authors: Butcher Lesley
Published: April 2018

This article highlights the vulnerability of people with dementia in the acute hospital setting, where they are more likely to experience clinical incidents such as falls, contract infections and be prescribed neuroleptic drugs. This patient group has a significantly longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality rate following discharge compared with those without dementia. As many as one third are discharged to institutionalised care. The article explores the knowledge gap concerning the complexity of caring for a person with dementia and highlights factors that can lead to staff detaching themselves from engaging in meaningful communication with patients. It also discusses the syndrome of ‘cascade iatrogenesis’ in relation to patients' physical and cognitive decline. More emphasis needs to be placed on addressing these issues to ensure the safety and welfare of people with dementia in hospitals. A case study from the author's clinical practice is used to illustrate the issues.
Could a risk-assessment tool prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia?
Authors: Evans Stephanie
Published: April 2018

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) has been shown to be the second most common healthcare-acquired infection (HCAI) after urinary tract infection and linked to more than half of all deaths from HCAIs. Preventing the infection could potentially save many lives. The author therefore proposes that HAP could be prevented by the implementation of a risk-assessment tool. A hypothetical risk-assessment tool is discussed. Several potential risk factors are proposed; however, further research into these risk factors and the appropriate weighting to give these in developing such a tool is required.
Capacity to make decisions: providing the relevant information
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: April 2018

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the nurse's duty in relation to assessing the decision-making capacity of patients
Job titles need to reflect modern times and go gender neutral
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: April 2018

The chance to update nursing and midwifery titles can not only help streamline the confusing array of roles, but ensure that trusts employ bona fide registrants, suggests Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals
Can faithfulness to the original text betray the target public? The adaptations of Mononokehime (Princess Mononoke) in Italy
Authors: Pizzuto Daniela
Published: April 2018

Over the past few years audio-visual translation in ‘dubbing countries’ has been experiencing a significant shift from the traditional domesticating approach to a foreignizing approach that focuses more on faithfulness towards the source text rather than to the target readership. The Italian rendition of anime is a case in point: while appreciated by an increasing number of viewers, both serial and stand-alone anime, have either suffered a limited distribution or a highly homogenizing adaptation, in many cases through the employment of English as vehicular language. The first Italian dubbed version of the popular Studio Ghibli masterpiece Mononokehime (Princess Mononoke) (Miyazaki, 1996) is a clear example of the latter. The version distributed by Buena Vista International in 2000 as Princess Mononoke was adapted from the North American version, which included radical modifications aimed at providing a context with which the spectators would be more familiar. A second version, distributed by Lucky Red in 2014 under the title Principessa Mononoke, was re-adapted from the original Japanese script in order to improve fidelity to the original and was re-dubbed with a new voice cast. However, numerous viewers have criticized the unintelligibility of most of the dialogue. This article analyses the differences between the two versions and investigates whether the visibility of the translator can be seen as an obstacle for the understanding and enjoyment of films for the target viewership.
Bridge builders, world makers: Transcultural Studio Ghibli fan crafting
Authors: Rendell James
Published: April 2018

Whilst global hits such as Pokémon utilized what Marc Steinberg calls anime’s media mix, implementing a multiple-platform narrative world in an attempt to synergize/converge a franchise, what are we to do when one finds a dearth of official merchandise available to transnational audiences? What are the reasons or politics for such a decision that seems to run counter to a long sociocultural history of such media ecology? Equally as important, what do fans do when their championed fan objects offer a relatively restricted media palette? This article looks at how Studio Ghibli has, to a degree, negotiated and/or rejected the traditional ‘anime media mix’. This is not to say that Ghibli is void of media mixing; rather, via online communities, one has seen a growing presence of fan-crafts whereby audiences are making their own Ghibli objects. In doing so, these transcultural fan-made Ghibli objects extend fan ideologies linked to the studio, expanding on what Susan Napier terms ‘MiyazakiWorld’ (2006: 49, 2007: 193). Much like Miyazaki’s philosophy, this is not entirely rejecting industry, but offering creative alternatives. The fan-as-producer of Ghibli objects is doing so through convivial construction. Thus, this article offers new insights into global audience practices and affective meaning-making around Ghibli that goes beyond the films themselves.
Fomento ao Empreendedorismo para Deficientes no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Ramos Marco Antônio , Krakauer Patricia Viveiros de Castro
Published: April 2018

O país passa por um momento de desigualdade social e altos índices de desemprego, no O país passa por um momento de desigualdade social e altos índices de desemprego. Assim, começar um novo negócio passou a ser uma opção para muitas pessoas. Contudo, ainda são poucas as iniciativas voltadas ao fomento do empreendedorismo entre portadores de deficiência, a despeito do número elevado de pessoas com essa condição no país. Desta forma, o presente estudo buscou respostas para entender como as instituições de fomento podem estimular pessoas com deficiência a empreenderem, tendo como objetivo propor diretrizes para estimular o empreendedorismo entre pessoas com deficiência no Estado de São Paulo. Tal proposta teve como base dados secundários e primários. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados primários foi realizada através de entrevistas com representantes de instituições de fomento ao empreendedorismo e pessoas com deficiência que pretendem empreender. Os principais resultados obtidos com a análise da narrativa mostraram a importância de se criar ações para pessoas com deficiência, apresentando vantagens e desvantagens em se ter um programa específico para esse fim. O estudo contribuiu para um melhor entendimento sobre as ações que são oferecidas para fomentar o empreendedorismo para as pessoas com deficiência e também ao propor diretrizes que possam auxiliar nesse processo, almejando que o empreendedorismo possa ser uma opção de inserção profissional para pessoas com deficiência. Acredita-se que tais diretrizes possam ser aplicadas em programas de instituições que tenham como objetivo fomentar o empreendedorismo, voltando esforços também para o grupo de pessoas com deficiência.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Camelina sativa for production of transgenic plants
Authors: Sitther Viji , Tabatabai Behnam , Enitan Oluwatomisin , Dhekney Sadanand
Published: April 2018

Camelina sativa (C. sativa), an oilseed species rich in poly-unsaturated fatty acids, has gained great importance as an industrial oil platform crop in recent years. Despite the potential benefits of C. sativa for bioenergy applications, limited research has been conducted to improve its agronomic qualities. Hence, a simple and efficient technique for production of transgenic C. sativa plants is warranted. In the present study, shoot apical meristems of two C. sativa cultivars (Pl650159 and Pl650161) were transformed with Agrobacterium strain ‘EHA 105’ harboring the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) genes. After two days of co-cultivation in the dark, explants were transferred to selection medium. Transgenic shoots were identified on the basis of green fluorescence and kanamycin resistance. Shoots were then rooted and transferred to potting mix soil for acclimatization. This protocol describes an efficient method to generate transgenic C. sativa plants in as little as 4 weeks.
Basolateral Amygdala Neurons Encode Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine-Associated Cues
Authors: Carelli Regina M. , Williams Jefferson G. , Hollander Jonathan A.
Published: April 2018

Electrophysiological recording procedures were used to examine basolateral amygdala (BLA) cell firing during cocaine self-administration and relative to response-independent presentations of cocaine-associated stimuli. Of 72 neurons (n= 10 rats), 31 cells (43%) were classified as phasically active, exhibiting one of three types of patterned discharges relative to the drug-reinforced response, similar to that previously described for nucleus accumbens (Acb) neurons (Carelli, 2002). Briefly, neurons exhibited increased firing rates within seconds preceding the response [termed preresponse (PR)], increased activity within seconds after the response [termed reinforcement excitation (RFe)] or an inhibition in cell firing before and/or after the response for intravenous cocaine [termed reinforcement inhibition (RFi)]. To examine the responsiveness of these same neurons to cocaine-associated stimuli, the stimulus “probe” procedure was used. Specifically, probe trials (18-20) were presented in which the audiovisual (tone-house light) stimulus associated with intravenous cocaine delivery during self-administration was randomly presented by the computer, interspersed between reinforced lever press responses. Neurons classified as type PR or type RFi were not activated by the stimulus. In contrast, neurons that exhibited increased firing immediately after the response (type RFe neurons) were significantly activated by the audiovisual cue. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of the BLA in cocaine addiction as well as previous studies characterizing Acb cell firing during cocaine self-administration.
Age-Dependent Impairment of Somatosensory Response in the Amyloid Precursor Protein 23 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Mueggler Thomas , Baumann Diana , Rausch Martin , Staufenbiel Matthias , Rudin Markus
Published: April 2018

Quantitative functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to characterize brain function in amyloid precursor protein 23 (APP23) transgenic mice, which reproduce the neuropathological alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease. Electrical stimulation of the paw led to cerebral blood volume increases in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. In APP23 mice this hemodynamic response decreased with increasing age of the animal and with increasing stimulus amplitude as compared with wild-type animals. The age-dependent dysfunction in APP23 mice may be attributed in part to a compromised cerebrovascular reactivity. Quantitative functional brain mapping that uses standardized sensory inputs should allow for assessment of disease progression and therapy response (e.g., passive immunization against β-amyloid) in patients also.
Activation of Purinergic Receptor Subtypes Modulates Odor Sensitivity
Authors: Hegg Colleen C. , Greenwood Denise , Huang Wei , Han Pengcheng , Lucero Mary T.
Published: April 2018

Purinergic nucleotides, including ATP and adenosine, are important neuromodulators of peripheral auditory and visual sensory systems (Thorne and Housley, 1996). ATP released by the olfactory epithelium (OE) after noxious stimuli provides a physiological source for a neuromodulatory substance independent of efferent innervation. Here we show that multiple subtypes of purinergic receptors are differentially expressed in olfactory receptor neurons and sustentacular support cells. Activation of purinergic receptors evoked inward currents and increases in intracellular calcium in cultured mouse olfactory receptor neurons. A mouse olfactory epithelial slice preparation and confocal imaging were used to measure changes in intracellular calcium in response to odors, purinergic receptor (P2R) agonists, or combined odor + P2R agonists. Pharmacological studies show that both P2Y and P2X receptor activation by exogenous and endogenous ATP significantly reduces odor responsiveness. Moreover, purinergic receptor antagonists increase the odor-evoked calcium transient, providing direct evidence that endogenous ATP modulates odor sensitivity via activation of multiple purinergic receptor subtypes in olfactory receptor neurons. Odor activation of G-protein-coupled receptors results in increased cAMP production, opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, influx of Ca2+and Na+, depolarization of the membrane, and activation of voltage- and Ca2+-gated ion channels. On-cell current-clamp recordings of olfactory receptor neurons from neonatal mouse slices revealed that ATP reduced cyclic nucleotide-induced electrical responses. These data also support the idea that ATP modulates odor sensitivity in mammalian olfactory neurons. Peripheral ATP-mediated odor suppression is a novel mechanism for reduced olfactory sensitivity during exposure to olfactotoxins and may be a novel neuroprotective mechanism.
The Similarities and Diversities of Signal Pathways Leading to Consolidation of Conditioning and Consolidation of Extinction of Fear Memory
Authors: Lin Chih-Hung , Yeh Shiu-Hwa , Lu Hsin-Yi , Gean Po-Wu
Published: April 2018

It is generally believed that consolidation of long-term memory requires activation of protein kinases, transcription of genes, and new protein synthesis. However, little is known about the signal cascades involved in the extinction of memory, which occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus. Here, we show for the first time that an intra-amygdala injection of transcription inhibitor actinomycin D at the dose that blocked acquisition failed to affect extinction of a learned response. Conversely, protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin blocked both acquisition and extinction. Extinction training-induced expression of calcineurin was blocked by anisomycin but not by actinomycin D. NMDA receptor antagonist, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase), and MAP kinase inhibitors that blocked the acquisition also blocked the extinction of conditioned fear. Likewise, PI-3 kinase inhibitor blocked fear training-induced cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation as well as extinction training-induced decrease in CREB phosphorylation, the latter of which was associated with calcineurin expression and could be reversed by a specific calcineurin inhibitor. Thus, molecular processes that underlie long-term behavioral changes after acquisition and extinction share some common mechanisms and also display different characteristics.
The Developmental Loss of the Ability of Purkinje Cells to Regenerate Their Axons Occurs in the Absence of Myelin: AnIn VitroModel to Prevent Myelination
Authors: Bouslama-Oueghlani Lamia , Wehrlé Rosine , Sotelo Constantino , Dusart Isabelle
Published: April 2018

Axonal regeneration in the mammalian CNS is a property of immature neurons that is lost during development. Using organotypic culture of cerebellum, we have shown thatin vitroPurkinje cells lose their regenerative capacity in parallel with the process of myelination. We have investigated whether myelination is involved in the age-dependent loss of regeneration of these neurons. By applying a high dose of bromodeoxyuridine in the culture medium of newborn cerebellar slices during the first 3 din vitro, we have succeeded in obtaining cultures with oligodendrocyte depletion, together with a lack of ameboid microglia and enhancement of Purkinje cell survival. These cultures, after 14 din vitro, are completely devoid of myelin. We have compared the ability of Purkinje cells to regenerate their axons in the presence or absence of myelin. Purkinje cells in cerebellar explants taken at birth, treated with bromodeoxyuridine and axotomized after 7 din vitro, survive better than similar neurons in untreated cultures. However, despite the lack of myelin and the enhanced survival, Purkinje cells do not regenerate, whereas they do regenerate when the axotomy is done at postnatal day 0. Thus, the Purkinje cell developmental switch from axonal regeneration to lack of regeneration does not appear to be regulated by myelin.
Enhanced Evoked Excitatory Transmitter Release in Experimental Neuropathy Requires Descending Facilitation
Authors: Gardell L. R. , Vanderah T. W. , Gardell S. E. , Wang R. , Ossipov M. H. , Lai J. , Porreca F.
Published: April 2018

Nerve injury-induced afferent discharge is thought to elicit spinal sensitization and consequent abnormal pain. Experimental neuropathic pain, however, also depends on central changes, including descending facilitation arising from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and upregulation of spinal dynorphin. A possible intersection of these influences at the spinal level was explored by measuring evoked, excitatory transmitter release in tissues taken from nerve-injured animals with or without previous manipulation of descending modulatory systems. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) produced expected tactile and thermal hyperesthesias. Capsaicin-evoked calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release was markedly enhanced in lumbar spinal tissue from SNL rats when compared with sham-operated controls. Enhanced, evoked CGRP release from SNL rats was blocked by anti-dynorphin A(1-13)antiserum; this treatment did not alter evoked release in tissues from sham-operated rats. Dorsolateral funiculus lesion (DLF) or destruction of RVM neurons expressing μ-opioid receptors with dermorphin-saporin, blocked tactile and thermal hypersensitivity, as well as SNL-induced upregulation of spinal dynorphin. Spinal tissues from these DLF-lesioned or dermorphin-saporin-treated SNL rats did not exhibit enhanced capsaicin-evoked CGRP-IR release. These data demonstrate exaggerated release of excitatory transmitter from primary afferents after injury to peripheral nerves, supporting the likely importance of increased afferent input as a driving force of neuropathic pain. The data also show that modulatory influences of descending facilitation are required for enhanced evoked transmitter release after nerve injury. Thus, convergence of descending modulation, spinal plasticity, and afferent drive in the nerve-injured state reveals a mechanism by which some aspects of nerve injury-induced hyperesthesias may occur.
Burst-Induced Synaptic Depression and Its Modulation Contribute to Information Transfer atAplysiaSensorimotor Synapses: Empirical and Computational Analyses
Authors: Phares Gregg A. , Antzoulatos Evangelos G. , Baxter Douglas A. , Byrne John H.
Published: April 2018

TheAplysiasensorimotor synapse is a key site of plasticity for several simple forms of learning. Plasticity of this synapse has been extensively studied, albeit primarily with individual action potentials elicited at low frequencies. Yet, the mechanosensory neurons fire high-frequency bursts in response to even moderate tactile stimuli delivered to the skin. In the present study, we extend this analysis to show that sensory neurons also fire bursts in the range of 1-60 Hz in response to electrical stimuli similar to those used in behavioral studies of sensitization. Intracellular stimulation of sensory neurons to fire a burst of action potentials at 10 Hz for 1 sec led to significant homosynaptic depression of postsynaptic responses. The depression was transient and fully recovered within 10 min. During the burst, the steady-state depressed phase of the postsynaptic response, which was only 20% of the initial EPSP of the burst, still contributed to firing the motor neuron. To explore the functional contribution of transient homosynaptic depression to the response of the motor neuron, computer simulations of the sensorimotor synapse with and without depression were compared. Depression allowed the motor neuron to produce graded responses over a wide range of presynaptic input strength. In addition, enhancement of synaptic transmission throughout a burst increased motor neuron output substantially more than did preferential enhancement of the initial phase of a burst. Thus, synaptic depression increased the dynamic range of the sensorimotor synapse and can, in principle, have a profound effect on information processing.
Parietal-Occipital Interactions Underlying Control- and Representation-Related Processes in Working Memory for Nonspatial Visual Features
Authors: Gosseries Olivia , Yu Qing , LaRocque Joshua J. , Starrett Michael J. , Rose Nathan S. , Cowan Nelson , Postle Bradley R.
Published: April 2018

Although the manipulation of load is popular in visual working memory research, many studies confound general attentional demands with context binding by drawing memoranda from the same stimulus category. In this fMRI study of human observers (both sexes), we created high- versus low-binding conditions, while holding load constant, by comparing trials requiring memory for the direction of motion of one random dot kinematogram (RDK; 1M trials) versus for three RDKs (3M), or versus one RDK and two color patches (1M2C). Memory precision was highest for 1M trials and comparable for 3M and 1M2C trials. And although delay-period activity in occipital cortex did not differ between the three conditions, returning to baseline for all three, multivariate pattern analysis decoding of a remembered RDK from occipital cortex was also highest for 1M trials and comparable for 3M and 1M2C trials. Delay-period activity in intraparietal sulcus (IPS), although elevated for all three conditions, displayed more sensitivity to demands on context binding than to load per se. The 1M-to-3M increase in IPS signal predicted the 1M-to-3M declines in both behavioral and neural estimates of working memory precision. These effects strengthened along a caudal-to-rostral gradient, from IPS0 to IPS5. Context binding-independent load sensitivity was observed when analyses were lateralized and extended into PFC, with trend-level effects evident in left IPS and strong effects in left lateral PFC. These findings illustrate how visual working memory capacity limitations arise from multiple factors that each recruit dissociable brain systems.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual working memory capacity predicts performance on a wide array of cognitive and real-world outcomes. At least two theoretically distinct factors are proposed to influence visual working memory capacity limitations: an amodal attentional resource that must be shared across remembered items; and the demands on context binding. We unconfounded these two factors by varying load with items drawn from the same stimulus category (“high demands on context binding”) versus items drawn from different stimulus categories (“low demands on context binding”). The results provide evidence for the dissociability, and the neural bases, of these two theorized factors, and they specify that the functions of intraparietal sulcus may relate more strongly to the control of representations than to the general allocation of attention.
Electrical Stimulation in Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex Impairs Spatial and Temporal Memory
Authors: Goyal Abhinav , Miller Jonathan , Watrous Andrew J. , Lee Sang Ah , Coffey Tom , Sperling Michael R. , Sharan Ashwini , Worrell Gregory , Berry Brent , Lega Bradley , Jobst Barbara C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Inman Cory , Sheth Sameer A. , Wanda Paul A. , Ezzyat Youssef , Das Sandhitsu R. , Stein Joel , Gorniak Richard , Jacobs Joshua
Published: April 2018

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is widely implicated in supporting episodic memory and navigation, but its precise functional role in organizing memory across time and space remains elusive. Here we examine the specific cognitive processes implemented by MTL structures (hippocampus and entorhinal cortex) to organize memory by using electrical brain stimulation, leveraging its ability to establish causal links between brain regions and features of behavior. We studied neurosurgical patients of both sexes who performed spatial-navigation and verbal-episodic memory tasks while brain stimulation was applied in various regions during learning. During the verbal memory task, stimulation in the MTL disrupted the temporal organization of encoded memories such that items learned with stimulation tended to be recalled in a more randomized order. During the spatial task, MTL stimulation impaired subjects' abilities to remember items located far away from boundaries. These stimulation effects were specific to the MTL. Our findings thus provide the first causal demonstration in humans of the specific memory processes that are performed by the MTL to encode when and where events occurred.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNumerous studies have implicated the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in encoding spatial and temporal memories, but they have not been able to causally demonstrate the nature of the cognitive processes by which this occurs in real-time. Electrical brain stimulation is able to demonstrate causal links between a brain region and a given function with high temporal precision. By examining behavior in a memory task as subjects received MTL stimulation, we provide the first causal evidence demonstrating the role of the MTL in organizing the spatial and temporal aspects of episodic memory.
Interações medicamentosas induzidas pelo aprazamento e os erros no preparo de antibacterianos
Authors: Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Melo Geórgia Alcântara Alencar , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Carvalho Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de , Néri Eugenié Desireé Rabelo , Caetano Joselany Áfio
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: identificar as interações medicamentosas induzidas pelo aprazamento e os erros no preparo de antibacterianos administrados. Métodos: estudo observacional e transversal, realizado em clínicas médicas de hospital da rede sentinela. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da observação das prescrições e do preparo de 265 doses de antibacterianos com a utilização de um check-list. Resultados: prevaleceu a administração da Piperaciclina e Tazobactan, com 51 doses. O aprazamento de horário dos antibacterianos com outro medicamento ocorreu prevalentemente no período matutino, destacando-se interações com anticoagulantes injetáveis e entre antimicrobianos de classes diferentes, e se associou com a não disponibilização no setor de orientações impressas acerca dos cuidados com a administração do medicamento (p=0,003). O principal erro encontrado foi o de dose (32,5%). Conclusão: o aprazamento de antibacterianos em setor de clínica médica pode potencializar possíveis interações medicamentosas e os erros de dose são identificados na administração dos medicamentos.
Combining chloroquine with RAD001 inhibits tumor growth in a NEN mouse model
Authors: Avniel-Polak Shani , Leibowitz Gil , Doviner Victoria , Gross David J , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona
Published: April 2018

Patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) often require systemic treatment, which is frequently limited by the emergence of drug resistance. mTOR inhibitors (mTORi), such as RAD001 (everolimus), have been shown to inhibit neoplasm progression. mTORi stimulates autophagy, a degradation pathway that might promote the survival of neoplasm cells that are exposed to anti-cancer therapy. Chloroquine (CQ), a well-known anti-malarial and anti-rheumatic drug, suppresses autophagy. Based on our previous results, we hypothesized that CQ may enhance the anti-tumorigenic effects of mTORi by inhibiting autophagy and we aimed to examine the anti-tumorigenic effect of CQ, alone or in combination with RAD001. We established a NEN subcutaneous xenograft mouse model and evaluated the effect of the drugs on tumor growth, mTOR pathway, autophagy and apoptosis. CQ alone and in combination with RAD001 significantly decreased neoplasm volume. Histopathological analysis revealed that the combination of CQ and RAD001 markedly inhibited mTOR activity and neoplasm cell growth, along with accumulation of autophagosomes and increased apoptosis. In conclusion, CQ enhances the anti-tumorigenic effect of RAD001 in vivo by inhibiting autophagy. Clinical trials addressing the effects of CQ therapy on neoplasm progression in patients with NENs, mainly in those treated with mTORi, are warranted.
Biochemical and molecular screening of varieties of chili plants that are resistant against Fusarium wilt infection
Authors: Shafique Sobiya , Shafique Shazia , Ahmad Aqeel
Published: April 2018

Pakistan holds the position of top chilies producers. So Capsicum annuum L. production in Pakistan should be promoted by combating against diseases. The only solution is to cultivate resistant varieties. Presently six chili varieties were treated with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and screened for the most resistant and the most susceptible varieties. Representative varieties were evaluated for their biochemical and transcriptional profiles to discover the bases of antifungal-resistance. Results concluded that the most resistant variety was “Dandicut” and the most susceptible was “Ghotki”. Tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, Riboflavins and saponins were observed in higher quantities in Dandicut as compared to Ghotki. Defense related enzymes i.e. polyphenol oxidase, phenyl ammonia lyase and peroxidase were found in elevated amounts in Dandicut than in Ghotki. Transcriptional results showed that defense related genes i.e. PR2a, acidic glucanase; Chitinase 3, acidic; Osmotin-like PR5 and Metallothionein 2b-like had higher expressional rates in Dandicut. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed stronger direct interaction in signal transduction and salicylic acid pathway. Resistance of chili varieties is salicylic acid based. Results obtained from this study not only help to improve chili production in Pakistan but also facilitate variety development operations. Moreover, it also constructed a scale to evaluate innate resistance among varieties.
Insight into undergraduate feedback of clinical practice: Junior Doctors vs Consultants
Authors: Hunukumbure Agra Dilshani , Jubber Ameen , Chitkara Rohit , Bernand Heather , Das Saroj
Published: April 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Constructive feedback is essential to improve clinical practice and is therefore discussed extensively in educational literature. Despite this, students regularly express dissatisfaction with their feedback at medical school. Many challenges to feedback in clinical settings have been documented but few were based on the students perspectives. This qualitative study explores the students experiences of feedback in clinical settings, in their third year at Imperial College London. Method: Seven third year medical students who were based at Hillingdon Hospital during February 2014 were interviewed in a semi-structured format on their experience of feedback in clinical settings. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analytical approach. Results: The students claimed that they received little feedback and usually in an ad-hoc manner. Feedback was inconsistent between different clinicians, confusing some participants. There was a marked difference in quality and quantity of feedback between the consultants and junior doctors, with the majority of students preferring feedback from juniors. Junior doctors feedback focussed on medical school assessments, whilst the consultants was geared towards daily clinical practice. Discussion: Feedback provided by both clinician groups was heavily influenced by their own experiences and working environments. For consultants this was their vast clinical experience and considerable time constraints, whereas juniors had more time for students and could focus on exam techniques. Empowering students to take an active role in feedback, either seeking or clarifying the differences may be of help. Conclusion: Though feedback from consultants and junior doctors is not aligned, both are useful in shaping future clinicians.
Toward Platinum Group Metal-Free Catalysts for Hydrogen/Air Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Jaouen Frédéric , Jones Deborah , Coutard Nathan , Artero Vincent , Strasser Peter , Kucernak Anthony
Published: April 2018

The status, concepts and challenges toward catalysts free of platinum group metal (pgm) elements for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are reviewed. Due to the limited reserves of noble metals in the Earth’s crust, a major challenge for the worldwide development of PEMFC technology is to replace Pt with pgm-free catalysts with sufficient activity and stability. The priority target is the substitution of cathode catalysts (oxygen reduction) that account for more than 80% of pgms in current PEMFCs. Regarding hydrogen oxidation at the anode, ultralow Pt content electrodes have demonstrated good performance, but alternative non-pgm anode catalysts are desirable to increase fuel cell robustness, decrease the H2 purity requirements and ease the transition from H2 derived from natural gas to H2 produced from water and renewable energy sources.
Description of Maximally Dissipative Quasi-Differential Operators for First Order
Authors: IPEK AL Pembe
Published: April 2018

In this
work, the general form of maximally dissipative extensions of the minimal
operator generated by first order linear symmetric quasi-differential
expression in the weighted Hilbert space of vector-functions at right
semi-infinite interval has been found. Later on, geometry of spectrum of these
extensions is investigated.
Des Mémoires Turkestans: la Terraformage du Bassin de la Mer d’Aral et la Guerre Silencieuse pour l’Eau
Authors: Serpa Nilo
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the concept of terraforming applied to Earth itself, in particular to the Aral Sea basin. Historical and geological approaches, as well as personal travel notes, form the general storyline on which analyzes and proposals are presented. Environmental and geopolitical considerations on the situation of the freshwater resources in Central Asia are made based on the current local policies. Fundamental guidelines of terraforming under geoengineering are prescribed.

Keywords: Aral Sea, terraforming, environment, freshwater. 
GENÇ YETİŞKİNLERİN SİYASAL KİMLİKLERİNİN İKİ -DÖNGÜLÜ KİMLİK BİÇİMLENMESİ MODELİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Akman Özdemir Petek , Çelen Nermin
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmada, genç yetişkinlerin siyasal alandaki ve genel düzeydeki kimlik
biçimlenmesi, “İki-Döngülü Kimlik Biçimlenmesi Modeli” bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Araştırma grubu, İstanbul’da yaşayan 25 ile 35 yaşları arasındaki 988 genç
yetişkinden oluşmuştur. Genç yetişkinler siyasal alanda kimlik statülerine “Genişletilmiş
Objektif Ego Kimlik Statüsü Ölçeği-2 (EOM-EIS-2)”nin “Siyasal Alan Alt Ölçeği” kullanılarak
gruplanmışlardır. Genel düzeydeki kimlik biçimlenmesi “Kimlik Gelişiminin
Boyutları Ölçeği (DIDS)” ile ölçümlenmiştir. Siyasal alanda askıya alınmış
kimlik statüsünün en fazla katılımcıyı içeren kimlik statüsü grubu olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Genç yetişkinlerin genel kimlik düzeyinde en fazla içsel
yatırımda bulunma ve seçenekleri genişlemesine araştırma süreçlerini
yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Siyasal alanda başarılı kimlik statüsünde olan
katılımcıların diğer kimlik statüsü gruplarındaki katılımcılara kıyasla genel
düzeyde daha fazla içsel yatırımda bulundukları belirlenmiştir. Diğer kimlik
statüsü gruplarına kıyasla, ipotekli kimlik statüsü grubunun içsel yatırımları
ile daha fazla özdeşleştiği ve dağınık kimlik statüsü grubunun seçeneklerini
daha fazla saplantılı olarak araştırdığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları
“Kimlik Statüsü Yaklaşımı”, “İki-Döngülü Kimlik Biçimlenmesi Modeli” ve kimlik
çalışmaları ile ilişkili olarak tartışılmıştır.
Phenomenology and Pathology of Modern Sexual Culture
Authors: Konina M.A.
Published: April 2018

Promiscuity and complete loss of interest in physiological sex are considered as phenomena of modern sexual culture that are formed by intensively emerging technologies. We present the results of the empiric study of the relationship between personal dysfunctional attitudes (traits) and manifestations of unrestricted (promiscuous) sexual behavior. Sample: 50 men with profiles on a dating website. Methods: revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), short version of the Personality. Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ-SF), Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Conclusions: convictions on the acceptance of promiscuity are linked to dependent, obsessive-compulsive, antisocial, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders. Promiscuity is related to hostility and distrust in people, first of all, in intimate partners.
ECOLOGIA TRÓFICA DE ONÇA-PARDA (Puma concolor) EM PAISAGEM AGRÍCOLA
Authors: Gheler-Costa Carla , Botero Gabriel Pavan , Reia Lais , Gilli Leticia de Cassia , Comin Fabio Henrique , Verdade Luciano Martins
Published: April 2018

Os carnívoros são importantes componentes ecológicos dos ecossistemas, pois controlam a abundância, a distribuição e a diversidade das populações de suas presas. Desta forma, são considerados como espécies-chaves na manutenção e restauração da diversidade e da resiliência dos ecossistemas. Nesse grupo, a onça-parda (Puma concolor) é a espécie de mamífero silvestre mais amplamente distribuída do hemisfério ocidental, porém, suas exigências em tamanho de área de vida e alimentação mostram-se um fator de restrição para sobrevivência da espécie por fatores como pressão de caça, diminuição de presas e desmatamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dieta do P. concolor em uma paisagem silvicultural no Estado de São Paulo. A paisagem é formada pela presença de remanescentes de cerrado, plantações de eucalipto e áreas de pastagens. Para análise da dieta foram coletadas, triadas e analisadas 103 amostras de fezes de P. concolor. Os resultados indicam grande consumo de aves e mamíferos de pequeno porte, diferindo da alimentação da espécie em ambientes naturais onde os mamíferos são o principais itens alimentares. Esta variação na dieta confirma a onça-parda como predador generalista, que consume as presas disponíveis sem apresentar preferência por determinadas espécies.
Acute non-puerperal uterine inversion: a case report in Madagascar
Authors: Rakotomboahangy Todisoa M. , Rabarikoto Hary F. , Ratsiatosika Andriamanetsiarivo T. , Andrianampanalinarivo Hery R.
Published: April 2018

The acute non-puerperal uterine inversion is a rare gynecologic complication. It is a medical-surgical emergency. We report the case of a 46-years-old Malagasy woman who is admitted at emergency room with vaginal painful mass and vaginal heavy bleeding. Uterine inversion which is due to a fundic submucosal myoma was found on clinical examination. The management was surgical and done by an abdominal hysterectomy.
Clinical profiles and trends in CD4+ counts to first-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in western part of Odisha state of India
Authors: B. Pradhan , C. Majhi , B. Murmu
Published: April 2018

Background: HIV infection is globally pandemic and about 36.7 million people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLHA) in 2016. At present CD4+ count is the gold standard of immunological marker of disease severity. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the first line of treatment to improve CD4 count. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES of study was to observe the clinical profiles and response in CD4+ counts to first-line HAART in PLHA and their adverse reactions.Methods: Total 153 PLHA with CD4+ counts <250/µl was consecutively taken in the study and detail clinical examinations, baseline CD4+ counts and body weights were noted. HAART was started in 26 (16.99%), 37 (24.18%), 78 (50.98%) and 12 (7.84%) cases in WHO clinical stages of I, II, III, and V respectively and CD4+ counts, body weight and any adverse drug reactions were noted at 15 days, 3, 6, 18 and 24 months intervals and data were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 153 cases 89 were male and 64 were female. Mean age was 35.4±9.08 years for male and 30.2±5.75 years for female. Mean baseline CD4+ count was 202±75/µl and mean body weight was 47.44kg. Mean CD4+ count was increased to 314.22±166.53, 343±194.02, 378±221.30 and 299.6±146.55/µl at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. Commonest adverse drug reaction was headache and GIT side effects.Conclusions: HAART improves clinical and immunological parameter CD4+ count in PLHA, irrespective of their clinical stages. Headache and GIT manifestations are commonest adverse drug reactions.
A rare case of acute paraplegia: primary Ewing’s Sarcoma of dorsal spine
Authors: N. N. T. Yeshwant Kumar , Rajan V. T. T.
Published: April 2018

Ewing's sarcoma is a primary bone malignancy with the highest incidence in the second decade of life. Although it mostly affects the metaphyseal region of long growing bones, involvement of spine is not very uncommon especially the sacrum. Non-sacral spinal Ewing's sarcoma is rarer and often mimics a benign condition before spreading extensively. They present with neurologic deficits due to spinal cord compression, but acute onset paraplegia has not been previously reported. A high index of clinical suspicion can clinch the diagnosis early in the course of the disease. A prompt intervention is required to keep neurological damage to a minimum, and a correct combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is required for better long-term patient outcome. We report a 11-year-old female who presented with acute paraplegia and had an excellent postoperative outcome after radical excision of a C7-D2 Ewing's sarcoma.
Análisis de la educación universitaria agropecuaria en Argentina a través de los periodos de desarrollo
Authors: Civeira Gabriela
Published: April 2018

Las primeras facultades de agronomía, desde finales del siglo XIX y hasta la crisis de 1930, se fundaron en la región pampeana y litoraleña ambas abastecedora de los productos de exportación que caracterizaban la ubicación de la Argentina en la división internacional del trabajo de la época. Durante la década de 1970, existió el impulso al modelo departamental, el cual fue adoptado parcialmente por algunas universidades que impartían la carrera de agronomía. La formación que se requería en la década del 1990 debía formar a las personas para una sociedad con otros requerimientos, la modalidad más frecuente utilizada para cambiar los planes de estudio se centró en la reestructuración, resultando en una reubicación, aumento o disminución de materias. Los planes de estudio de agronomía evolucionaron desde privilegiar la adquisición de información, a una concepción constructivista tendiente al cambio de rol del alumno, de sujeto pasivo a sujeto activo.
Relación entre los niños de una comunidad indígena con la naturaleza y el Amazonas
Authors: Quintana Arias Ronald Fernando
Published: April 2018

Entre 2009 y 2013 se buscó establecer las relaciones entre la naturaleza y niños, a través del análisis de nueve instrumentos obtenidos de la escuela Francisco de Orellana del resguardo indígena de Macedonia (Amazonas colombiano). La investigación llevó a la restructuración de los criterios de análisis planteados para la teoría de conglomerados de relevancia, a partir de la morfología simbólica y el reduccionismo ecológico. Esto evidenció un modelo mental indígena que no se centra en la palabra, sino en símbolos, actos concretos y ritos que hacen de la naturaleza y del Amazonas espacios indiferenciables. Finalmente, se recomienda dejar de equiparar la igualdad (bienestar merecido) con la diferencia (diversidad), ya que esto hace incompatible lo pluricultural y ve las distintas espiritualidades como no convergentes hacia valores interculturales que inciden directamente en la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza.