bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol-Induced Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells to Macrophage/Fibroblast–like Cells Is Driven by an Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Chattopadhyay Abhijnan , Kwartler Callie S. , Kaw Kaveeta , Li Yanming , Kaw Anita , Chen Jiyuan , LeMaire Scott A. , Shen Ying H. , Milewicz Dianna M.
Published: October 2020

Objective:

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dedifferentiate and initiate expression of macrophage markers with cholesterol exposure. This phenotypic switching is dependent on the transcription factor Klf4 (Krüppel-like factor 4). We investigated the molecular pathway by which cholesterol induces SMC phenotypic switching.

Approach and Results:

With exposure to free cholesterol, SMCs decrease expression of contractile markers, activate Klf4, and upregulate a subset of macrophage and fibroblast markers characteristic of modulated SMCs that appear with atherosclerotic plaque formation. These phenotypic changes are associated with activation of all 3 pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR), Perk (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), Ire (inositol-requiring enzyme) 1α, and Atf (activating transcription factor) 6. Blocking the movement of cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum prevents free cholesterol–induced UPR, Klf4 activation, and upregulation of the majority of macrophage and fibroblast markers. Cholesterol-induced phenotypic switching is also prevented by global UPR inhibition or specific inhibition of Perk signaling. Exposure to chemical UPR inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin, is sufficient to induce these same phenotypic transitions. Finally, analysis of published single-cell RNA sequencing data during atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemic mice provides preliminary in vivo evidence of a role of UPR activation in modulated SMCs.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate that UPR is necessary and sufficient to drive phenotypic switching of SMCs to cells that resemble modulated SMCs found in atherosclerotic plaques. Preventing a UPR in hyperlipidemic mice diminishes atherosclerotic burden, and our data suggest that preventing SMC transition to dedifferentiated cells expressing macrophage and fibroblast markers contributes to this decreased plaque burden.
Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in LGBTQ Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Caceres Billy A. , Streed Carl G. , Corliss Heather L. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Matthews Phoenix A. , Mukherjee Monica , Poteat Tonia , Rosendale Nicole , Ross Leanna M. ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Hypertension; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Stroke Council
Published: October 2020

There is mounting evidence that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) adults experience disparities across several cardiovascular risk factors compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers. These disparities are posited to be driven primarily by exposure to psychosocial stressors across the life span. This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the extant literature on the cardiovascular health of LGBTQ adults. Informed by the minority stress and social ecological models, the objectives of this statement were (1) to present a conceptual model to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular health disparities in LGBTQ adults, (2) to identify research gaps, and (3) to provide suggestions for improving cardiovascular research and care of LGBTQ people. Despite the identified methodological limitations, there is evidence that LGBTQ adults (particularly lesbian, bisexual, and transgender women) experience disparities across several cardiovascular health metrics. These disparities vary by race, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Future research in this area should incorporate longitudinal designs, elucidate physiological mechanisms, assess social and clinical determinants of cardiovascular health, and identify potential targets for behavioral interventions. There is a need to develop and test interventions that address multilevel stressors that affect the cardiovascular health of LGBTQ adults. Content on LGBTQ health should be integrated into health professions curricula and continuing education for practicing clinicians. Advancing the cardiovascular health of LGBTQ adults requires a multifaceted approach that includes stakeholders from multiple sectors to integrate best practices into health promotion and cardiovascular care of this population.
Microbleeds and Outcome in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Taking Anticoagulants
Authors: Choi Kang-Ho , Kim Ja-Hae , Lee Changho , Kim Jae-Myung , Kang Kyung-Wook , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Seong-Min , Park Man-Seok , Cho Ki-Hyun
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:

We investigated the impact of the presence, burden, and location of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on the risk of major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events (MACCE) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs). We also examined whether the clinical effect of CMBs differs according to the type of OACs.

Methods:

A total of 1742 patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation treated with OACs were enrolled in this cohort study. The primary composite outcome was the occurrence of MACCE (a composite of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, or vascular death) over a 2-year period according to CMB status.

Results:

CMB presence was significantly associated with the risk of future MACCE (hazard ratio, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.23–2.88];
P
=0.003) after adjustment for confounders in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation taking OACs. Patients with exactly 1 CMB had a similar rate of MACCE compared with those without CMBs (
P
=0.461). However, patients with multiple CMBs (≥2), particularly high burden CMBs (≥5), had a significantly higher proportion of MACCE. Both CMB-positive groups with lobar and deep CMB had more frequent MACCE than the CMB-negative group, and the rate of MACCE was not different according to CMB location. In patients treated with warfarin, CMB was significantly associated with a risk of MACCE (
P
=0.002), but not in patients treated with direct OACs (
P
=0.517).

Conclusions:

The study results indicate that the risk of future MACCE increased with increasing CMB burden in patients with AIS and atrial fibrillation taking OACs, while the anatomic location of CMBs did not influence the risk of future MACCE. This risk seemed to be more apparent in patients taking warfarin.
Effects of Peers and Rank on Cognition, Preferences, and Personality
Authors: Dasgupta Utteeyo , Mani Subha , Sharma Smriti , Singhal Saurabh
Published: October 2020

We exploit the variation in admission cutoffs across colleges at a leading Indian university to estimate the causal effects of enrolling in a selective college on cognitive attainment, economic preferences, and Big Five personality traits. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that enrolling in a selective college improves university exam scores of the marginally admitted women and makes them less overconfident and less risk averse, while men in selective colleges experience a decline in extraversion and conscientiousness. We find differences in peer quality and rank concerns to be driving our findings.
Description of two new species of Neoplea Esaki & China (Hemiptera: Pleidae) from Colombia
Authors: COOK JERRY L. , MONDRAGÓN-F. SILVIA P. , MORALES IRINA
Published: October 2020

Neoplea hyaloderma n. sp. and N. melanosoma n. sp. (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pleidae) are described from Colombia. This increases the number of species of pleids known from Colombia to four, all of which are in the genus Neoplea Esaki & China. A key to the species of Neoplea of Colombia is included. Neoplea melanosoma appears to be part of a species complex with N. maculosa (Berg) and N. tenuistyla Roback & Nieser, and herein is called the N. maculosa species complex. We also note that there is probably at least one additional species in this complex from Suriname that was previously identified as N. maculosa. Neoplea melanosoma n. sp. appears to most closely resemble N. maculosa from Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay than the geographically closer N. tenuistyla. Neoplea hyaloderma n. sp. appears most closely related to N. lingula Roback & Nieser, which is also in Colombia.
A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermatidae) from southeastern Yunnan Province, China
Authors: LI KE , YU MIN , WU YA-YONG , LIAO LIN-HONG , TANG KUI , LIU QIN , GUO PENG
Published: October 2020

A new species of the xenodermatid snake genus Achalinus Peters, 1869 is described from Yunnan Province, Southwest China, based on a single male specimen. The new species is assigned to the genus Achalinus on the basis of absence of preocular and postocular, subcaudals arranged in single row, and results of phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA CO1 sequence data. Achalinus pingbianensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by the combination of following morphological characters: absence of a loreal, internasals subequal to that between prefrontals and dorsal scales strongly keeled, 23 rows throughout. Currently, 13 species are in the genus Achalinus, further taxonomical and phylogenetic studies based on more extensive samples and more markers will help understand the cryptic diversity and clarify their interspecific relationships.
Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER G. , HUTCHINSON PAUL M.
Published: October 2020

Niuailan new genus is established for Cryptoryctes peterseni Endrődi, 1967 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Characters distinguishing it from the Australian Carneoryctes Özdikmen, 2009 species are discussed. The combination of dilated metatibiae, shape of the clypeus and pygidium, simply curved mandibles, absence of a frontal horn, tubercle or carina, and three pronotal horns in Niuailan allow clear separation from other New Guinea Pentodontini.
Two Green Synthesis Methods to Prepared Nanoparticles of Ag: Two Sizes and Shapes via Using Extract of M. dubia Leaves
Authors: Mudhafar Mustafa , Zainol Ismail , Aiza Jaafar C. N. , Alsailawi H. A. , Majhool Alhussein Arkan
Published: October 2020

The effect of the synthesis technique on the shape and size of Ag-NPs has been reported. Ag nanoparticles has been produced by using two techniques, green synthesis and microwave-assisted green synthesis methods (MSGS), respectively. The current research was included to use a stabilizer
and reducing agents from natural sources to get the non-toxic and environmentally friendly product, via using Melia dubia (neem) (M. dubia) and fish scales collagen (FsCol). The nanoparticles of Ag was portrayed by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy (UV-vis), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Two different absorbance peaks were noticed in UV-vis and located at 454 nm silver nanoparticles-1 (AgNPs-1)
and 446 nm silver nanoparticles-2 (AgNPs-2). SEM was shown two different shapes rod (AgNPs-1) and spherical (AgNPs-2 shapes. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag as a single element at 3 KeV. FTIR was shown fictional groups that were surrounded by silver nanoparticles C2H2
C=O, N-H groups was an indication. XRD was shown thus that the AgNPs formed in this modern prepared are crystalline with two different sizes 120.20 and 84.30 nm, corresponding to AgNPs-1 and AgNPs-2. The Z-average in DLS for AgNPs-1 has been shown average size at 437.8 nm while AgNPs-2 was
shown 121 nm in its size.
The Relation Between Family Support and Breastfeeding Mother’s Self-Efficacy
Authors: Lutfiani Anis , Armini Ni Ketut Alit , Kusumaningrum Tiyas
Published: October 2020

The achievement rates for exclusive breastfeeding are still not encouraging. One of the factors that caused it is lack of support from the mothers’ husbands or family in the process of exclusive breastfeeding. This support is very pivotal since it may motivate and give mothers the confidence to breastfeed. To find out the relationship between family support and maternal self-efficacy in exclusive breastfeeding. This study uses a cross sectional approach, which consists of the dependent variable (self-efficacy) and the independent variable (family support). The inclusion criteria are as follow: (1) breastfeeding mothers who have babies aged 1-6 months (2) mothers who live with their nuclear family in one house (3) mothers who live with their extended families in one house (4) mothers are able to read and write. The sampling technique used was non-probability purposive sampling using questionnaire as an instrument. Then the data were analyzed using the Spearman’s Rho statistical correlation test with a significance ofp≤ 0.05. The total respondents of this study were 49 people. The most obtained data is nursing mothers who experience good self-efficacy (69.4%). Statistical test results with Spearman’s rho obtainedpvalue = 0.000 (α< 0.05) which means that there is a relationship between family support and self-efficacy, with the strength of the relationship (r= 0.854) indicating that it is very strong with the same value direction, i.e., if the family support of the mother is lower, then the self-efficacy of the mother will be low. There is a relationship between family support and self-efficacy in breastfeeding mothers. The higher family support, the higher the level of self-efficacy
The Identification of Fibrinolitic Enzyme as Thrombolytic Agent on Soy Sauce in Surabaya
Authors: Rohmalia Yeni Fitri , Pramono Achmad Toto , Adrianto Faris
Published: October 2020

Nowadays, food processing is an effort to treat the certain diseases. One of them is soy sauce which thought that it has an ingredient to break down the blood clots which cause heart disease and stroke. The enzyme in soy sauce is thought to be able to help optimize the healing process of diseases in various countries. However, this study has not been discussed more in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya. This study was experimental study by testing 20 of soy sauce samples with the different brand. The study identified the proteolytic enzyme, fibrinolytic enzyme, and typed of fungi that produce these enzymes. The analysis data used One-Way ANOVA to determine fibrinolytic enzyme index. The result of the study showed the fibrinolytic enzyme content which produced by Penicillium fungi on 12 of 20 soy sauce samples that was in Surabaya market. Thrombolytic agent on soy sauce such as fibrinolytic enzyme was not only produced by Aspergillus fungi, but several types of fungi which have the same function. This finding was interesting because Aspergillus sp. commonly found on soy sauce which produced in Indonesia that functioned as a producer of fibrinolytic enzyme.
Description of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Analysis on Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusand Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusClothing Gene Panton-Valentine Leukocidin from Clinic Isolate
Authors: Rasita Yoeke Dewi , Kuntaman  , Debora Kartuti
Published: October 2020

Staphylococcus aureusis the most common cause of health care acquired infection and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality.S. aureushas a number of virulent factors that facilitate these bacteria to adhesion to the tissues of the host, avoiding the body’s defense system, and damaging the host cell. PVL cytotoxin is one of the virulent factors that causes hypervirulent inS. aureus.The infections caused are varied, ranging from severe skin infections, peneumonia, and sepsis. To obtain a description of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) and Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) carriers of the pvl gene that causes infection. IsolateS. aureusderived from clinical isolates of inpatients who have identified and tested phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility using BD Phoenix TM Automated Microbiology System or Vitek2 Compact bioMérieux system followed by genotypic testing using PCR to detect the presence of the pvl gene. Of 85S. aureusisolates, 65 isolates (76.5%) included MSSA bacterial strains and 20 isolates (23.5%) including strains of MRSA bacteria. Of the 65 isolates of MSSA bacterial strains, 9 isolates (13.84%) had the pvl gene, and of the 20 isolates of the MRSA strain, 1 isolate (5%) had the pvl gene. The susceptibility of non betalactam antibiotics to MSSA virus strains of pvl gene carriers ranged from 77.8%-100%. MSSA bacterial strains that did not carry the pvl gene also showed a non-betallactam antibiotic susceptibility ranging from 69.1%-100%. The susceptibility of tetracycline antibiotics to both MSSA strains of both pvl and non-carriers of pvl genes was 55.6% and 39.3% respectively. There was no significant difference between the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the MSSA carrier strain of the pvl gene carrier and the proportion of the MRSA carrier strain of the pvl gene carrier.
Correlation Between High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level and Executive Function Disorders in Elderly Patients
Authors: Rukmi Dyah Anetta Afri , Rahardjo Joseph Eko Wahono
Published: October 2020

C-Reactive Protein is a marker of inflammation and vascular disease. The high serum of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) concentration was associated with interruption the integrity of the frontal-subcortical circuit. To determine the correlation between high serum concentration of hs-CRP and executive function disorder in elderly patients. Thirty six elderly patients was examined by using a case control study. The subjects were enrolled from the out-patient at Neurology Department Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The time period was 4 months (April to July 2015). Executive function was measured with the Trail Making Test B (TMT B) and divided into two groups, case and control. Complete blood count and serum hs-CRP concentration were measured from nonfasting blood samples. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Eighteen subjects were enrolled in the case group (3 men, 15 women) and the other 18 subjects were enrolled in the control group (4 men, 14 women). Executive function disorder was found in 17 (94,4%) subjects of case group and 11 (61,1%) subjects of control group. High levels of hs-CRP was not associated with executive function, withp= 0,149 and adjusted OR 5,629 (CI 95% 0, 538-58, 860). These data suggested that high levels of hs-CRP was not associated with executive function in elderly patients.
Seismic Vulnerability Mapping of the Lhokseumawe Region to Support the Spatial Plan of Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Siska Deassy , Fithra Herman , Lisa Nova Purnama , Bustami  , Sofyan  , Haerudin Nandi , Farid Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Microtremor is a weak vibration on the surface of the earth that takes place continuously due to sources of vibration such as earthquakes, human activities, industry and traffic (Daryono, 2009). Microtremor data measured obtained 3 signals whose components are vertical (Up and Down), horizontal (North-South), and horizontal (East-West) components. After the signal is obtained it can then be analyzed using the HVSR method and the dominant frequency and amplification values are obtained. The HVSR method compares the spectrum ratio of the horizontal component microtremor signal to its vertical component (Nakamura, 1989). Lhokseumawe City is administratively included in the Province of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD). In 2004 there was an earthquake of magnitude 9.2 on the Richter Scale in the southern waters of the city of Banda Aceh, which caused a devastating Tsunami. In this event many people lost about 250 thousand lives and lost property that is not small in number (Logan, 2014) Due to the active regional tectonic pattern, the NAD region is a disaster-prone region. The tectonic area of NAD is strongly influenced by the subduction area between the Indian-Australian oceanic plate (Indian Australian Plate) against the European-Asian continental plate (Eurasian plate). The tectonic pattern greatly influences the geological conditions in the waters of the study area. The purpose of this research is to provide preliminary knowledge in the use of microtremors for mapping seismic microzonation. This microzonation mapping is needed for earthquake disaster mitigation purposes, microtremor data analysis can provide information on the value of a place that is very important for earthquake resistant building planning. Building structures that have the same value as the land value will experience resonance in the event of an earthquake. Then the last is the Seismic Vulnerability Index Mapping which is useful for predicting unconsolidated sediment zones at the ground surface when an earthquake occurs, so that further studies for earthquake prone areas can be carried out. The stages of the research method carried out are measuring field data which is divided into several measurement points in each district in the city of Lhokseumawe. At each measurement point, a three-component seismometer is installed to obtain the results of the soil’s vulnerability in the area. Each measurement data is observed for 30 minutes at each point. The results of this study are the existence of areas that are very susceptible to seismic namely Ujung blang and Banda Sakti villages with seismic vulnerability index values (Kg) ranging from 0 cm/s2-30542.32 cm/s2The highest value is located at Ujong Blang villages which is 10397.1 cm/s2This is closely related to the total amount of damage to buildings in Lhokseumawe City due to the 2004 earthquake.
Properties of Matrix for Reducing Fine Dust According to Replacement Ratio of Bentonite
Authors: Lee Sang-Soo , Kim Dae-Yeon , Kyoung In-Soo
Published: October 2020

One of the global issues documented entails fine dust reduction, which has been experimented recently. In humans, fine dust is problematic because it causes diseases. This study employed the techniques of circulating fluid bed combustion boiler fly ash and blast furnace slag as binders. Regarding fine dust reduction, the study incorporated Bentonite, which exhibits adsorption features. Indeed, indoor air pollution arises from the dominance of fine dust. Some of the parameters that were examined included fine dust concentration, water absorption, density, flowability, compressive strength, and flexural strength. With an increase in the bentonite replacement ratio, there tends to be an increase in absorption, while the density increases. The bentonite’s porous nature has been perceived to account for this behavior. In this study, it was established further that as ben-tonite’s replacement ratio increased, there was a decrease in flowability. Additionally, there was an increase in the air content with an increase in bentonite’s replacement ratio. It was also noted that the fine dust’s adsorption performance for each minute increased with an increase in bentonite’s replacement ratio. The findings were attributed to the affirmation that with an increase in the porous bentonite’s replacement ratio, there tends to be an increase in fine dust amount adsorbed for each unique surface area. There is a need for further research in which experimentations need to focus on finishing materials and how indoor air quality could be improved.
Instrumentation Based Microstructural Characterization of the Friction Stir Welded SiC/B4C Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Optimization of Governing Process Parameters
Authors: Rahul S. G. , Chitra R. , Kripa S.
Published: October 2020

Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with particulate silicon carbide and Boron Carbide reinforcements have demanding applications in aerospace and automotive domains. With a lack of sufficient literature on this composite combination and emerging demands, it is highly essential to understand their weldability and material characteristics. Friction Stir Welding is a feasible choice for joining of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites over the conventional fusion welding owing to narrow Heat Affected Zone and minimized Intermetallic Compound formation at the weld interface. In this work, AA6061 matrix composite plates are fabricated with a varying weight percentage of particulate SiC and B4C reinforcements using powder metallurgy process. The study mainly focusses on the tensile strength, hardness and microstructural properties of composite plates joined using Friction Stir welding subjected to a constant load of 8KN at three-level process parameters experimental design of varying spindle speed, weld speed and plunge depth. The outcomes reveal sufficient information on the microstructural analysis of the weldments and the subsequent effects on the material strength. Followed by, statistical process parameter optimization is performed to improve the tensile properties of the weldments and the results are experimentally validated. The study confirms the feasibility and applicability of FSW in joining Al-MMCs.
Exploring Refractive Index Ultra Compact Nano Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Resonant Cavities
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud , Seifouri Mahmood , Boyerahmadi Elham , Udaiyakumar R.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, an ultra-compact photonic crystal sensor based resonant cavities is proposed with improved quality factor, sensitivity and detection limit. The proposed sensor has 2D pillar photonic crystals with hexagonal array of dielectric rods. The refractive index of dielectric
rods, radius of rods, filling factor (r/a) and lattice constant of the proposed structure are 3.46, 108 nm, 0.2 and 542 nm, respectively. The mean transmission efficiency, Quality factor, sensitivity, Figure of Merit (FOM) and limit of detection (LOD) are calculated as 92.2%, 9975.8,
371 nm/RIU, 2366 and 4.5 x 10-5 RIU, respectively. The corresponding electric field distributions and it band characteristics are studied using finite different time domain method (FDTD) and plan wave expansion (PWE). The cross-section of the proposed structure is 86 /xm2

and is desirable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC) and ultra-compact optical sensors.
Application of a Novel Virtual Maintenance System: Digital Enterprise Lean Manufacturing Interactive Application-Ergonomics for Integrating Human Factors into Maintenance Processes Design of Carrier-Based Aircraft
Authors: Chen Xiao-Feng , Wang Xi-Gui , Wang Yong-Mei , Ji Shu-E , Yang De-Ling
Published: October 2020

The novel virtual maintenance system has been used to explain ‘how’ DELMIA-Ergonomics (DE) to go from a reactive, maintenance in security procedures, which will be proactively integrated into every step of the research and development design cycle process. DELMIA software
has been widely applied in carrier-based aircraft department as the platform, promotion of virtual prototype pre-maintenance technology in carrier borne design and daily inspection/maintenance is introduced, interactive virtual maintenance flow, the virtual scene structuring, the processes
of maintenance simulation of virtual actual working conditions, predictable maintainability analysis/valuation technology based on DELMIA software are expounded. The worldwide trend to popularize gradually increasing use of taking DELMIA software in maintenance technology applications is a
carrier-based aircraft for gaining interest. DE has become a means to improve carrier-based aircraft performance.
Hysteresis and the sociological perspective in a time of crisis
Authors: Graham Hannah
Published: October 2020

Hysteresis is a versatile concept for volatile times. Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological use recognises hysteresis in times of dislocation and disruption between field and habitus, ‘in particular, when a field undergoes a major crisis and its regularities (even its rules) are profoundly changed’ (Bourdieu, 2000: 160). In considering the issues and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, hysteresis renders visible ‘multi-level, multi-temporal dynamics’ (Strand and Lizardo, 2016: 169). It is attendant to the temporality of work and how workers, workplaces, workforces and fields of work are affected. The COVID-19 crisis may give rise to sudden changes such as no work (e.g. redundancies, mass unemployment), reduced work (e.g. reduced hours, underemployment), suspended work (e.g. going on furlough), or absence from work (e.g. leave and workforce absence rates). The transition to working from home and online, en masse, raises considerations of habitus and taking practice online, with many experiencing rapid digital transformation and remote working. The COVID-19 pandemic raises significant sociological issues of intersectionality and inequality, as precarity, risk and harms are experienced unevenly. There are age and gendered differences, including where working from home is in conflict with concurrent caring and home schooling responsibilities. These issues and changes, their meaning and collateral consequences, urgently warrant sociological analysis.
Conversion Mechanisms of Nitroxyl Radical (TEMPO), Oxoammonium Cation, and Hydroxylamine in Aqueous Solutions: Two-Dimensional Correlation Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Le Tu Phuong Pham , Opaprakasit Pakorn
Published: October 2020

Oxidation reactions of alcohols have been of interest due to their broad applications in different fields. Oxoammonium cation (TEMPO+) of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a high-potential oxidant for the selective oxidation of primary alcohols, with hydroxylamine (TEMPOH) as a side product. TEMPO or TEMPO+ has been widely applied for various reactions. However, the conversion mechanisms among TEMPO, TEMPO+, and TEMPOH are not well understood and remain controversial, due to complications in the direct observation of the reactions. In this work, two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy is applied to examine the correlations between the characteristic bands of each species, to obtain insights into the complete reaction mechanisms. Series of dynamic UV–Vis spectra of solutions under different external perturbations (as a function of reaction time) were recorded and used in the generation of 2D-COS synchronous and asynchronous maps. The key UV–Vis band assignments are as follows: 250 nm and 400 nm for TEMPO, 290 nm and 480 nm for TEMPO+, and 200 nm and 315 nm for TEMPOH. The results indicate that the conversion between TEMPO and TEMPOH in acidic solution is a reversible process, which reaches an equilibrium state after two hours. However, the reaction becomes irreversible after three hours, due to a higher degree of irreversible protonation of TEMPOH to form TEMPOH-H+. Fast conversion from TEMPO to TEMPO+ is observed when sodium hypochlorite co-oxidant is added. The synproportionation–disproportionation also reaches an equilibrium. However, there is no evidence of the conversion from TEMPOH to TEMPO+ under the reaction conditions. At high reaction temperature, the formation of TEMPOH occurs first from TEMPO+ decomposition, followed by TEMPO decomposition. These detailed mechanisms are beneficial in designing the optimum process conditions for the oxidation of specific alcohols.
Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stevens Matthew WR , Dorstyn Diana , Delfabbro Paul H , King Daniel L
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gaming disorder was included in the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.). Worldwide, prevalence estimates of gaming disorder are considerably heterogeneous and often appear to be exceedingly high. However, few studies have examined the methodological, cultural and/or demographic factors that might explain this phenomenon. This review employed meta-analytic techniques to compute the worldwide-pooled prevalence of gaming disorder and evaluate the potential contributing factors for varied prevalence estimates.

Method:

Prevalence estimates were extracted from 53 studies conducted between 2009 and 2019, which included 226,247 participants across 17 different countries. Study findings were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Subgroup and moderator analyses examined potential sources of heterogeneity, including assessment tool and cut-off, participant age and gender, sample size and type, study region, and year of data collection.

Results:

The worldwide prevalence of gaming disorder was 3.05% (confidence interval: [2.38, 3.91]); this figure was adjusted to 1.96% [0.19, 17.12] when considering only studies that met more stringent sampling criteria (e.g. stratified random sampling). However, these estimates were associated with significant variability. The choice of screening tool accounted for 77% of the variance, with the Lemmens Internet gaming disorder-9, Gaming Addiction Identification Test and Problematic Videogame Playing scales associated with the highest estimates. Adolescent samples, lower cut-off scores and smaller sample size were significant predictors of higher prevalence. Gaming disorder rates were approximately 2.5:1 in favor of males compared to females.

Conclusion:

The worldwide prevalence of gaming disorder appears to be comparable to obsessive-compulsive disorder and some substance-related addictions, but lower than compulsive buying and higher than problem gambling. Gaming disorder prevalence rates appear to be inflated by methodological characteristics, particularly measurement and sampling issues.
The Organization of Short-Sightedness: The Implications of Remaining in Conflict Zones. The Case of Lafarge during Syria’s Civil War
Authors: Belhoste Nathalie , Nivet Bastien
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes the operations of the French group Lafarge in Syria during the civil war between 2011 and 2014, to understand the conflict-sensitive practices of a multinational company (MNC) in an area of limited statehood (ALS). We examine how and why the company decided to continue operating its plant in Syria during this intrastate conflict, resulting in financing terrorist groups like ISIS. We highlight the key operational and managerial decisions made by headquarters and local operations and relate them to the conflict situation in the ALS in question. We contribute, with the idea of the firm’s “organization of short-sightedness,” to the understanding of how strategic decisions may lead to a structural inability to fully comprehend the local dangers and the implications for the employees, and how this may lead to a redefinition of legitimate and illegitimate stakeholders in conflict zones. A drawn-out process, stemming from a willingness to stay at all cost in an ALS environment, leads to misinterpretation of the danger and an acute dependency on local stakeholders.
Is there any link between celebrity suicide and further suicidal behaviour in India?
Authors: Menon Vikas , Kar Sujita Kumar , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Arafat SM Yasir , Sharma Ginni , Kaliamoorthy Charanya , Ransing Ramdas , Mukherjee Srijeeta , Pattnaik Jigyansa Ipsita , Shirahatti Nikhilesh B , Varadharajan Natarajan , Padhy Susanta Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background:

Little is known about the factors that determine vulnerability to subsequent suicide in the community following a celebrity suicide. Our objective was to investigate the link between an alleged celebrity suicide and further suicidal behaviour in the community in India.

Methods:

Relevant news articles that reported suicidal behaviour in the population were retrieved from online news portals of regional and English language newspapers in the immediate month following the actor’s death. A deductive analysis of the retrieved suicide news articles was carried out using a pre-designed data extraction form.

Results:

A total of 1160 relevant news articles were identified from the local language ( n = 985) and English ( n = 175) newspapers. For a sizeable percentage of these reports ( n = 65, 5.6%), the media reported links with celebrity suicide. Odds of subsequent suicide among young (Odds Ratios [OR] – 9.24), female (OR – 1.94), unemployed (OR – 7.26), those without precipitating life events (OR – 2.94) or mental illness (OR – 1.69) were higher among those with link to celebrity suicide; likewise, odds of death by hanging (OR – 49.84) and leaving a suicide note (OR – 2.03) were higher among those linked to celebrity suicide. English newspapers (OR – 4.23) were more likely to report events linked to celebrity suicide than local language newspapers

Conclusion:

Persons who died by suicide by hanging after a celebrity suicide are more likely to be young, female, unemployed, have a mental disorder or precipitating life events. Suicide prevention efforts must focus on this group and prevent the same method of suicide like that of the celebrity.
Wife murder: Female baby a risk factor
Authors: Chauhan Mohit
Published: October 2020

There is less reporting and research on uxoricide, owing to wide heterogeneity and multiple sub-types of perpetrators. We present a rare complex case following birth of a girl. A jobless husband obscured the murder of his wife combining sundry sharp, blunt and asphyxiating forces which were discovered at autopsy. Female child birth is proposed as an independent risk factor previously unreported.
End-of-Life-Related Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Stress and Prolonged Grief in Parentally Bereaved Adolescents
Authors: Falk Megan Weber , Alvariza Anette , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Sveen Josefin
Published: October 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) are well-documented in parentally bereaved adolescents. Whether or not the parent’s death is perceived as traumatic may be influenced by several end-of-life-related factors. This study aimed to examine the associations between end-of-life-related factors, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of prolonged grief disorder and PGD, and the association between PTSD and PGD. Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the relationships between end-of-life-related factors, PTSD, and PGD. Regretting one’s decision to be present or not present at the time of death resulted in a significant difference in self-reported scores for PTSD, but not PGD.
Moral Cognition About Harm in Anxiety Disorders: The Importance of Experienced Emotion
Authors: Patil Indrajeet , Larsen Emmett M. , Kichic Rafael , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel
Published: October 2020

Recent work has shown that emotional arousal influences decision-making in sacrificial moral dilemmas, with heightened levels of arousal associated with increased aversion to committing moral transgressions to maximize utilitarian outcomes. Patients with anxiety disorders experience pathologically heightened states of arousal and thus may be expected to exhibit reduced utilitarian responding on such dilemmas. Extant evidence has been mixed, however, regarding whether anxious patients differ in their moral decisions from controls, and no study has conducted a careful examination of emotions experienced during decision-making. We administered sacrificial moral dilemmas to a cohort of 95 patients from across the spectrum of anxiety disorders to test whether they differed from matched controls on a) utilitarian decision-making, and b) ratings of experienced emotion during the moral deliberative process. Results showed no group differences between patients and controls on endorsement of utilitarian sacrificial action or on reported experience of emotionality during the experiment. Additionally, exploratory analysis revealed that specific emotions were correlated with utilitarian judgments. These results are in line with the Dual Process Theory model’s prediction that decreased utilitarian responding will be concomitant with an increased emotional arousal. Our findings support past work indicating that moral cognition is intact in anxiety disorders despite the emotional dysregulation characteristic of anxious psychopathology. Future work would benefit from the use of process-dissociation techniques to further clarify whether emotional or cognitive processes may differ in anxiety disorders during moral cognition.
Investigating the Core–Periphery Relationship in the Southern African Customs Union
Authors: Malefane Malefa Rose
Published: October 2020

This study explores the relevance of the core–periphery relationship in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), a union comprising five highly unequal economies. In the analysis, the study employs five key indicators: economic size, trade logistics and facilitation, regional integration, and intra-SACU trade, to assess the main aspects underlying the core–periphery relationship in the union. The findings of this study point to dominance-dependency behavior within the union, where South Africa is the dominant core while Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and eSwatini are the dependent periphery. Based on the findings, the recommendations are that SACU countries should, among other strategies, identify ways of promoting high-value-added cross-border value chains across the union members. Also, the Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and eSwatini peripheries could improve their infrastructure and productive capacity if their objective is to create an export base in some of the products currently supplied by South Africa.
A new method for cylindricity error evaluation based on increment-simplex algorithm
Authors: Liu Dongliang , Zheng Peng , Wu Jianghao , Yin Haotian , Zhang Linna
Published: October 2020

A geometric error determines the quality and function of a product to a certain extent. Cylindricity error is an important indicator of the geometric error of form parts. In recent years, with the development of geometric product verification and specification (GPS), the specification of the cylindricity error and high-precision detection have become the focus in the field of industrial metrology. In this paper, by analyzing the existing cylindricity evaluation strategy, a new method for cylindricity error evaluation based on increment-simplex algorithm is proposed. The purpose is to improve the efficiency of cylindricity error analysis on the basis of ensuring the accuracy requirements. First, according to the GPS specification, the characteristics and applications of the circular section method, the helicoid line method, the generatrix line method, and the bird-cage method for the extraction operation are analyzed. And for the fitting operation, the mathematical models of the cylindricity fitting for the least squares cylinder, minimum circumscribed cylinder, maximum inscribed cylinder, and minimum zone cylinder in cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems are constructed. Second, a new method of cylindricity error optimization evaluation based on the incremental optimization method is proposed. A theoretical analysis of the new method is made with the circular section method as an example, and the specific steps of cylindricity error analysis based on the circular section method of the new method are given. Finally, experiments and analysis are carried out, and the accuracies and evaluation efficiencies of the cylindricity error of the different cylindricity measurement and evaluation strategies are compared and analyzed. The results and operating efficiency of the increment-simplex algorithm and the traditional algorithms are compared, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the new method are proved.
Biodiversity Protection in Mexico in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Rea Sergio A. , Plaza Rafael M.
Published: October 2020

The protection of Mexico’s biodiversity is hampered by regulatory uncertainty and unclear distribution of competences across different levels of government. A comprehensive set of measures at both the government and the community level, including exchange of information, coordination, awareness, and active involvement of local communities, is needed.

La protección de la biodiversidad de México se ha visto obstaculizada por la incertidumbre regulatoria y la distribución poco clara de competencias entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno. Se necesita un conjunto integral de medidas tanto a nivel gubernamental como comunitario, incluyendo el intercambio de información, la coordinación, la concientización y la participación activa de las comunidades locales.
The Local Labor Market Effects of Korean Automotive Investments in the United States
Authors: Kim Eunbi
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the local labor market effects of automotive foreign direct investment (FDI) in Alabama in the wake of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Of particular interest is the effect of FDI originating from a nontraditional source country in comparison to investments by European and Japanese firms. Using 2005–2011 American Community Survey (ACS) data, we compare changes in employment rates and median weekly wages in three area types: areas with Korean FDI, areas with German and Japanese FDI and areas without FDI. Results show that Korean FDI leads to increased employment rates but decreased median weekly wages. We attribute these findings to price competitive strategies of Korean firms.
Data Handling for E-Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Sarkar Siddharth , Gupta Rahul
Published: October 2020

Digital psychiatry and e-mental health have proliferated and permeated vastly in the current landscape of mental health care provision. The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated this digital transformation, and changes that usually take many years to translate into clinical practice have been implemented in a matter of weeks. These have outpaced the checks and balances that would typically accompany such changes, which has brought into focus a need to have a proper approach for digital data handling. Health care data is sensitive, and is prone to hacking due to the lack of stringent protocols regarding its storage and access. Mental health care data need to be more secure due to the stigma associated with having a mental health condition. Thus, there is a need to emphasize proper data handling by mental health professionals, and policies to ensure safeguarding patient’s privacy are required. The aim of useful, free, and fair use of mental health care data for clinical, business, and research purposes should be balanced with the need to ensure the data is accessible to only those who are authorized. Systems and policies should be in place to ensure that data storage, access, and disposal are systematic and conform to data safety norms.
Cue coalitions and additivity in predictive processing: The interaction between case and prosody in L2 German
Authors: Henry Nick , Jackson Carrie N , Hopp Holger
Published: October 2020

This article explores how multiple linguistic cues interact in predictive processing among second language (L2) learners. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, we investigated whether learners of German use case and prosody cues together to assign thematic roles and predict post-verbal arguments. During the experiment, participants listened to subject-first and object-first sentences that contained (1) case cues only, or (2) both case and prosody. The results showed that the learners successfully predicted post-verbal arguments on the basis of lexical-semantic information but were less successful in using case cues. However, prediction success increased when both case and prosody were present, suggesting that predictive processing is supported by prosodic cues. Additionally, results show that higher proficiency was associated with faster processing and a greater ability to generate predictions. We conclude that the presence of cue coalitions allows L2 learners to process information more efficiently, and that the L2 processor can exploit the additive use of cues for prediction.