bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Two-State Delusion
Authors: Karsh Efraim
Published: February 2023

In the 85 years since the evocation of the two-state solution (i.e., a Jewish state and a Palestinian Arab state living side by side in peace and security), not a single Palestinian Arab leader has ever evinced any genuine liking for the idea or acted in a way signifying an unqualified embrace of it. Allowing their anti-Jewish hatred and obsession with violence to get the better of them, Palestinian leaders have repeatedly dragged their hapless constituents into disastrous conflicts that culminated in their collective undoing and continued statelessness. So long as Palestinian society does not undergo a comprehensive transformation that will sweep the corrupt and oppressive PLO and Hamas regimes from power, eliminate endemic violence from political and social life, and teach the virtues of coexistence with Israel, the two-state solution will remain a pipe dream.
As Israel Looks East, The Gulf is Both A Way Station and a Destination
Authors: Feierstein Gerald M.
Published: February 2023

Israelis and Gulf Arabs became closer amid shared fears of an aggressive and powerful administration in Tehran, which boasted of its influence over four Arab capitals (Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut, and Sana'a). With the signing of the Abraham Accords, states on the periphery of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict decided that the benefits of establishing relations with Israel outweighed the risks. They reasoned that if they advocated for increased coordination between Israel and the Arab world, it would increase pressure on the Palestinians to negotiate with Israel. This article focuses on the regional factors that led to the signing of the Abraham Accords and carefully reviews this important historical document.
Complementary Facets: Türkiye-Israel Relations and The Abraham Accords
Authors: Daniel Rémi , Lindenstrauss Gallia , Guzansky Yoel
Published: February 2023

The Abraham Accords between Israel and four Arab states in 2020 were seen negatively and heavily criticized by Türkiye. At the time they were signed, some interpreted them as a balancing act not only against the rising Iranian threat, but also against Türkiye’s growing activism in the region. However, less than two years later, after Türkiye began normalizing its relations with the United Arab Emirates and with Israel, there appear to be several complementary aspects between the Abraham Accords and the Türkiye-UAE and Türkiye-Israel normalization processes. Still, there is room to push even further for trilateral cooperation between Türkiye-Israel-UAE, as these are among the economic powerhouses in the region.
Prototype matching: children's preference for forming scientific concepts
Authors:   , Wang Zhong , Zhang Yi , Jiang Yi
Published: February 2023

Inspired by a sample lesson, this paper studies and discusses children's preferences in learning scientific concepts. In a "Dissolution" lesson, one of the students took the demonstration experiment of "carmine dissolves in Water" demonstrated by the teacher as the prototype to judge whether a new phenomenon belongs to dissolution, instead of analyzing and judging the phenomenon by using the dissolution definition. Therefore, we propose a conjecture that "prototype matching" may be a more preferred way for children to learn concepts than thinking through inquiry experiment, analysis, deduction, etc. To this end, we conducted a targeted test on 160 fifth grade students (all of whom had learned this lesson) from a primary school in Beijing, and used goodness of fit test to statistically analyze the results. The results showed that: ① the Chi square of the general result is 73.865, P<0.001, indicating that children did have obvious prototype preference; ② We "tampered" some of the prototypes, that is, they looked like the prototypes that the teacher had told students, but they were actually wrong. However, the results showed that children still preferred these so-called "prototypes" (chi square is 21.823, P<0.001). Conclusion: ① Children have an obvious preference for "prototype matching" in scientific concept learning, which is not only obviously deviated from the current general understanding of science education that emphasizes discovery/inquiry construction, but also points out that there may be a priority relationship among various ways of concept organization (such as definition theory, prototype theory, schema theory, etc.). ② Children's preference for prototypes seems to be unthinking, and they will not identify the authenticity of prototypes, which is particularly noteworthy in front-line teaching.
Impact of code complexity on software analysis
Authors: De Oliveira Charles D , Fong Elizabeth , Black Paul E
Published: February 2023

The Software Assurance Metrics and Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) team studied thousands of warnings from static analyzers. Tools have difficulty distinguishing between the absence of a weakness and the presence of a weakness that is buried in otherwise-irrelevant code elements. This paper presents classes of these code elements, which we call “code complexities.” They have been present in software assurance as part of test cases generation strategy when evaluating static analyzers. Benefits of using code complexity include the development of coding guidelines, boosting diversification of test cases.
Introducción. Materialidades, memorias y violencias en Sudamérica
Authors: Marín Suárez Carlos , Guglielmucci Ana
Published: February 2023

Países como Argentina, Chile, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay o Bolivia fueron asolados por una ola de dictaduras cívico-militares entre las décadas de los sesenta y los noventa del pasado siglo. Unas dictaduras coordinadas entre sí en el marco del Plan Cóndor, bajo la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional y con el rol activo de los Estados Unidos en la formación de los agentes represores de cada Estado. Como consecuencia de lo anterior algunos de estos países, destacando sobremanera el caso argentino, se han converti- do en las últimas décadas en referentes internacionales en justicia transi- cional y en la investigación de los delitos de lesa humanidad ocurridos en la región durante ese ciclo dictatorial. La temprana labor de la Corte Inte- ramericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) ha servido como modelo para otros tribunales internacionales y ha supuesto un antecedente en el uso de las materialidades como pruebas judiciales de dichos delitos, gracias al desarrollo de una nueva disciplina, la Antropología Forense (BURIANO, 2017; MARIN Y ROSIGNOLI, 2020).
Los vestigios de la revolución y la contrainsurgencia: ruinación de armas y monumentalización en procesos de paz en Colombia
Authors: Guglielmucci Ana
Published: February 2023

Para la antropología, la materialidad hace parte de la configuración y mediación de las relaciones sociales. Los objetos materiales pueden ser dotados de distintos sentidos y valores simbólicos, a través de la praxis humana. Sin embargo, ellos también pueden ser comprendidos como agentes no humanos que inciden en la subjetividad y afectividad de las personas, inclusive, a través de su ruinación. En este texto, a partir de dos contextos transicionales en Colombia, uno entre el gobierno con la guerrilla M19 (1990), y el otro con grupos paramilitares (2003-2006), analizo los procesos de dejación de armas y la vida social del armamento fundido después de la desmovilización de los combatientes. Para ello, retomo documentos, material de prensa y registros audiovisuales a fin de reconstruir ambos procesos y la metamorfosis de las armas en el tránsito de la guerra a la paz. El producto de la fundición, presentado como vestigio de la guerra y emblema de paz, es entendido aquí como un potente vehículo memorial para analizar diferentes procesos transicionales.
Decolonizing Design
Authors: Tunstall Elizabeth (Dori) , Agi Ene
Published: February 2023

A guidebook to the institutional transformation of design theory and practice by restoring the long-excluded cultures of Indigenous, Black, and People of Color communities.

From the excesses of world expositions to myths of better living through technology, modernist design, in its European-based guises, has excluded and oppressed the very people whose lands and lives it reshaped. Decolonizing Design first asks how modernist design has encompassed and advanced the harmful project of colonization—then shows how design might address these harms by recentering its theory and practice in global Indigenous cultures and histories.

A leading figure in the movement to decolonize design, Dori Tunstall uses hard-hitting real-life examples and case studies drawn from over fifteen years of working to transform institutions to better reflect the lived experiences of Indigenous, Black, and People of Color communities. Her book is at once enlightening, inspiring, and practical, interweaving her lived experiences with extensive research to show what decolonizing design means, how it heals, and how to practice it in our institutions today.

For leaders and practitioners in design institutions and communities, Tunstall's work demonstrates how we can transform the way we imagine and remake the world, replacing pain and repression with equity, inclusion, and diversity—in short, she shows us how to realize the infinite possibilities that decolonized design represents.
Strategically managing learning during perceptual decision making
Authors: Masís Javier , Chapman Travis , Rhee Juliana Y , Cox David D , Saxe Andrew M
Published: February 2023

Making optimal decisions in the face of noise requires balancing short-term speed and accuracy. But a theory of optimality should account for the fact that short-term speed can influence long-term accuracy through learning. Here, we demonstrate that long-term learning is an important dynamical dimension of the speed-accuracy trade-off. We study learning trajectories in rats and formally characterize these dynamics in a theory expressed as both a recurrent neural network and an analytical extension of the drift-diffusion model that learns over time. The model reveals that choosing suboptimal response times to learn faster sacrifices immediate reward, but can lead to greater total reward. We empirically verify predictions of the theory, including a relationship between stimulus exposure and learning speed, and a modulation of reaction time by future learning prospects. We find that rats’ strategies approximately maximize total reward over the full learning epoch, suggesting cognitive control over the learning process.
Mega-scale movie-fields in the mouse visuo-hippocampal network
Authors: Purandare Chinmay , Mehta Mayank
Published: February 2023

Natural visual experience involves a continuous series of related images while the subject is immobile. How does the cortico-hippocampal circuit process a visual episode? The hippocampus is crucial for episodic memory, but most rodent single unit studies require spatial exploration or active engagement. Hence, we investigated neural responses to a silent movie (Allen Brain Observatory) in head-fixed mice without any task or locomotion demands, or rewards. Surprisingly, a third (33%, 3379/10263) of hippocampal –dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1 and subiculum– neurons showed movie-selectivity, with elevated firing in specific movie sub-segments, termed movie-fields, similar to the vast majority of thalamo-cortical (LGN, V1, AM-PM) neurons (97%, 6554/6785). Movie-tuning remained intact in immobile or spontaneously running mice. Visual neurons had >5 movie-fields per cell, but only ~2 in hippocampus. The movie-field durations in all brain regions spanned an unprecedented 1000-fold range: from 0.02s to 20s, termed mega-scale coding. Yet, the total duration of all the movie-fields of a cell was comparable across neurons and brain regions. The hippocampal responses thus showed greater continuous-sequence encoding than visual areas, as evidenced by fewer and broader movie-fields than in visual areas. Consistently, repeated presentation of the movie images in a fixed, but scrambled sequence virtually abolished hippocampal but not visual-cortical selectivity. The preference for continuous, compared to scrambled sequence was eight-fold greater in hippocampal than visual areas, further supporting episodic-sequence encoding. Movies could thus provide a unified way to probe neural mechanisms of episodic information processing and memory, even in immobile subjects, across brain regions, and species.
Implementation of Model Concept of Core Literacy in Mathematics in China
Authors: Liu Siyu , Yang Zezhong
Published: February 2023

Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards (2022 edition) puts forward the core literacy of the model concept. There are now many studies that concentrate on the model concept, but there are seldom any thorough generalized studies on this topic. The following results are reached by adopting the method of literature analysis to synthesize the pertinent research literature on the model idea in China: (1) The current research on the model concept at the compulsory education level has a very broad scope and includes in-depth investigations on the model concept's status, significance, the classroom design, and penetration strategies of model concept. (2) Most studies are conducted in terms of curricular content and subjects, and they focus on a limited number of fixed themes, such as quadratic equations, quadratic inequalities, and functions. To demonstrate how to fully understand the model concept, researchers offer practical examples and instructional designs. (3) But in terms of curricular styles, there aren't many studies on the model concept. To strengthen the research content, encourage in-depth study by academics and front-line instructors, and increase the effectiveness of the model concept's penetration, it is required to extend the research direction and the entry point.
Investigation on Effect of Zinc Solubilizing Microorganisms on Microbial Population in Soil of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan] on Vertisol
Authors: Jadhav S. M. , Dhamak A. L.
Published: February 2023

The present study investigated on the effect of zinc solubilizing microorganisms on microbial population in soil of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan] on vertisol. The field experiment was carried out in experimental field of department of soil science and agricultural chemistry at College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif season 2018-19 and 2019-20 in factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The pigeonpea variety BDN-711 was used for study. The studies revealed that, at flowering, pod formation and at harvesting stage significantly the maximum value of soil bacteria were recorded in Pseudomonas striata along with 30 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 treated plots (64.00, 74.00 and 57.90 CFU x 10-7 g-1 of soil) during 2018-19; (76.11, 87.44 and 68.67 CFU x 10-7 g-1 of soil) during 2019-20, respectively. At flowering, pod formation and at harvesting stage significantly the highest fungal population was noticed in treatment receving Trichoderma viride alongwith ZnSO4 30 kg ha-1 (9.67, 8.00 and 8.33 CFU x 10-4 g-1 of soil) during 2018-19; (10.67, 9.78 and 8.89 CFU x 10-4 g-1 of soil) during 2019-20, respectively. Also, at flowering, pod formation and at harvesting stage the actinomycetes population was found to be increased with the application of different zinc solubilizing cultures which ranged from (27.28 to 32.64, 30.45 to 38.83 and 26.86 to 30.47 CFU X 10-5g-1 of soil) during 2018-19; (31.64 to 38.67, 34.67 to 43.61 and 28.36 to 34.81 CFU X 10-5g-1 of soil) during 2019-20.
Assessing the Median Serum Placental Growth Factor (PIGF) Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Regarding Gestational Age and Maternal Influencing Factors from a Prospective Observational Trial
Authors: Komuth F. J. Repetto, , Hörmansdörfer C. , Scharf A. , Lütge M. , Schmidt S. , Schmidt P.
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the association of risk factors, including ethnicity, maternal weight, smoking status, and assisted reproduction technology, with serum placental growth factor (PIGF) levels in the early first trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: This was a multicenter observational study involving pregnant females in the first trimester between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. Serum PlGF concentrations were analyzed in relation to ethnicity, maternal weight, smoking status, and conception through assisted reproduction technology.

Results: A total of 376 patients were included in the study and had their serum PlGF levels measured. The results showed that the serum PlGF level was 4.3% higher in the Asian group compared to the Caucasian group. Smokers had 1.78 times higher levels of serum PlGF compared to non-smokers. Assisted reproduction technology had no impact on levels of serum PlGF compared to spontaneous pregnancies. There was a negative correlation between serum PlGF levels and maternal weight, but is was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion: Maternal weight was negatively correlated with serum PlGF levels, even this association was statistically not significant. High serum PlGF levels were observed in smokers and in non-Caucasians. Further research is needed to establish a concrete analysis of these findings.
SOCIOEDUCAÇÃO: concepções teóricas no contexto das medidas socioeducativas
Authors: Félix de Lima Silva Erlayne Beatriz , Pereira Alberto Maria de Fatima , Soares da Silva Costa Cibele
Published: February 2023

A medida socioeducativa (MSE) diz respeito à perspectiva de responsabilização para adolescentes e jovens a quem se atribui a autoria de um ato infracional no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. No que se refere ao termo socioeducação, percebe-se que este, ao ser utilizado no contexto das MSE, necessita de conceituações que possibilitem construir e executar uma ação socioeducativa baseada em pressupostos teóricos consistentes. A discussão apresentada neste artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar as concepções teóricas e as bases epistemológicas sobre socioeducação no contexto das MSE com base na literatura sobre o tema. A partir da análise dos textos, pode-se dizer que, no campo das MSE, a socioeducação se caracteriza como categoria teórica em construção, constituída por concepções teórico-epistemológicas diferentes, com destaque para a educação social, justiça restaurativa e políticas públicas, que disputam saberes relacionados à juventude a quem se atribui a autoria de atos infracionais.
Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes
Authors: Asher Gary N. , Feltner Cynthia , Harrison Wade N. , Schwimmer Emmanuel , Rains Caroline , Jonas Daniel E.
Published: February 2023

This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on serologic screening for genital herpes summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and interventions for genital herpes in asymptomatic sexually active adolescents, adults, and pregnant persons with no clinical history of genital herpes.
Chiral Selenium Nanotherapeutics Regulates Selenoproteins to Attenuate Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Xiong Zushuang , Lin Hao , Li Hong , Zou Binghua , Xie Bin , Yu Yanzi , He Lizhen , Chen Tianfeng
Published: February 2023

Glucocorticoid (GC)‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a concurrent disease commonly appeared in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease patients. Stereoselective recognition between chiral drugs and homochiral biological molecules could directly affect their distribution, adhesion and transport. Herein, trace element selenium (Se) with bone formation‐regulating activity, is employed to construct cysteine‐decorated chiral nanoparticles (Cys@SeNPs) to attenuate GIO. Interestingly, comparing with the racemic (DL‐Cys@SeNPs) and D‐Cys@SeNPs, the L‐Cys@SeNPs displays higher uptake in osteoblast cells and could lessen reactive oxygen species overproduction to block dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced osteoblasts cells apoptosis. Intracellular L‐Cys@SeNPs could be predominantly transformed to selenocystine to upregulate the expression levels of antioxidative selenoproteins to effectively scavenge Dex‐induced excessive ROS accumulation in osteoblasts, and thus reduce the undesirable apoptosis through activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Consistently, L‐Cys@SeNPs significantly alleviates the main osteoporosis symptoms of bone trabeculae destruction and decreased bone density in vivo, and also reduces the weight gain and fatty liver formation in Dex‐exposed mice, thus suppressing the overall side effects of Dex. This study not only demonstrates an effective strategy for treatment of GIO by using chiral Se nanomedicine, but also elucidates the important roles of selenoproteins in alleviating osteoporosis, which could help for future Se‐based drug design through chirality control engineering.
Strongly Correlated Exciton‐Magnetization System for Optical Spin Pumping in CrBr3 and CrI3.
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Acharya S. , Pashov D. , Chen Z. , Vaklinova K. , van Schilfgaarde M. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Novoselov K. S. , Katsnelson M. I. , Koperski M.
Published: February 2023

Ferromagnetism in van der Waals systems, preserved down to a monolayer limit, attracted attention to a class of materials with general composition CrX3 (X=I, Br, and Cl), which are treated now as canonical 2D ferromagnets. Their diverse magnetic properties, such as different easy axes or varying and controllable character of in‐plane or interlayer ferromagnetic coupling, make them promising candidates for spintronic, photonic, optoelectronic, and other applications. Still, significantly different magneto‐optical properties between the three materials have been presenting a challenging puzzle for researchers over the last few years. Herewith, it is demonstrated that despite similar structural and magnetic configurations, the coupling between excitons and magnetization is qualitatively different in CrBr3 and CrI3 films. Through a combination of the optical spin pumping experiments with the state‐of‐the‐art theory describing bound excitonic states in the presence of magnetization, we concluded that the hole‐magnetization coupling has the opposite sign in CrBr3 and CrI3 and also between the ground and excited exciton state. Consequently, efficient spin pumping capabilities are demonstrated in CrBr3 driven by magnetization via spin‐dependent absorption, and the different origins of the magnetic hysteresis in CrBr3 and CrI3 are unraveled.
Selective Enhancement of Photoresponse with Ferroelectric‐Controlled BP/In2Se3 vdW Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Changlong , Zhang Libo , Chen Jin , Chen Jian , Yu Feilong , Zhao Zengyue , Tang Weiwei , Li Xin , Zhang Shi , Li Guanhai , Wang Lin , Cheng Ya , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: February 2023

Owing to the large built‐in field for efficient charge separation, heterostructures facilitate the simultaneous realization of a low dark current and high photocurrent. The lack of an efficient approach to engineer the depletion region formed across the interfaces of heterojunctions owing to doping differences hinders the realization of high‐performance van der Waals (vdW) photodetectors. This study proposes a ferroelectric‐controlling van der Waals photodetector with vertically stacked two‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP)/indium selenide (In2Se3) to realize high‐sensitivity photodetection. The depletion region can be reconstructed by tuning the polarization states generated from the ferroelectric In2Se3 layers. Further, the energy bands at the heterojunction interfaces can be aligned and flexibly engineered using ferroelectric field control. Fast response, self‐driven photodetection, and three‐orders‐of‐magnitude detection improvements are achieved in the switchable visible or near‐infrared operation bands. The results of the study are expected to aid in improving the photodetection performance of vdW optoelectronic devices.
Computational Evolution Of New Catalysts For The Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction**
Authors: Seumer Julius , Kirschner Solberg Hansen Jonathan , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Jensen Jan H.
Published: February 2023

We present a de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst of the Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction by searching chemical space for molecules that lower the estimated barrier of the rate‐determining step using a genetic algorithm (GA) starting from randomly selected tertiary amines. We identify 435 candidates, virtually all of which contain an azetidine N as the catalytically active site, which is discovered by the GA. Two molecules are selected for further study based on their predicted synthetic accessibility and have predicted rate‐determining barriers that are lower than that of a known catalyst. Azetidines have not been used as catalysts for the MBH reaction. One suggested azetidine is successfully synthesized and showed an eightfold increase in activity over a commonly used catalyst. We believe this is the first experimentally verified de novo discovery of an efficient catalyst using a generative model.
Fractional‐order sliding mode load following control via disturbance observer for modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor system with disturbances
Authors: Hui Jiuwu , Lee Yi‐Kuen , Yuan Jingqi
Published: February 2023

Load‐following control of the modular high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor (MHTGR) system is one of the essential control problems in practical applications. In this paper, a fractional‐order sliding mode control strategy via a disturbance observer (FOSMCS‐DO) is presented for load following of the MHTGR system with model uncertainties and external disturbances. First of all, the mathematical model of the MHTGR system is constructed by taking neutronics and thermodynamics as well as disturbances into account. Then, based on the MHTGR model, a DO is designed to estimate the lumped disturbances that are composed of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and unmeasured states. Meanwhile, by adopting the Lyapunov stability theory, a FOSMCS is developed to guarantee all the signals of the closed‐loop load‐following control system tend to be stable, where in the control framework, the adverse effects of the lumped disturbances are alleviated by means of the feedforward compensation and the DO. This implies that the proposed overall control strategy possesses strong robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, comparative simulation results with some existing control approaches are provided to illustrate the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Denkmalgeschützte Eisenbahnbrücken – Potenziale für das nachhaltige Bauen
Authors: Monka‐Birkner Johanna , Reinäcker Moritz , Krafczyk Christina , Knufinke Ulrich , Marx Steffen
Published: February 2023

Historische Eisenbahnbrücken stehen aufgrund ihrer bautechnikgeschichtlichen Bedeutung und der Anforderung nach Erneuerung immer wieder im Spannungsfeld zwischen Denkmalpflege und Baupraxis; das erklärte Ziel aller Beteiligten sollte es aber sowohl aus der Perspektive des kulturellen Erbes als auch aus der der Ressourcenökonomie sein, sie zu erhalten und weiter zu nutzen. Es wird herausgestellt, dass historische Eisenbahnbrücken im Kontext ihres Netzes zu betrachten sind, da ihre primäre Funktion die Überführung einer Strecke darstellt. Aufgrund dieser Funktion ist ein notwendiges Maß an Veränderbarkeit auch bei jenen Eisenbahnbrücken zu gewährleisten, die unter Denkmalschutz stehen. Durch die notwendigen Veränderungen müssen immer wieder Brücken ersetzt werden. Dabei ist auffällig, dass die Struktur der erneuerten Bauweisen in ihrer konstruktiven und gestalterischen Diversität abnimmt. Auch im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit sollten Eisenbahnbrücken geschützt und gleichzeitig veränderbar sein, damit die einzelnen Bauwerke möglichst lange erhalten bleiben. Schonung von Ressourcen durch Erhaltung statt Abbruch und Neubau können Hand in Hand mit den Zielen der Denkmalpflege gehen, wenn dabei materielle und ideelle Ressourcen für kommende Generationen erhalten bleiben. Die drei Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit werden hier für den Eisenbahnbrückenbau überprüft. Abschließend werden Beispiele für eine erfolgreiche Erhaltung und eine gelungene Erneuerung aufgezeigt.
Evaluation of Viral Inactivation on Dry Surface by High Peak Power Microwave (HPPM) Exposure
Authors: Echchgadda Ibtissam , Cantu Jody C. , Butterworth Joey , Gamboa Bryan , Barnes Ronald , Freeman David A. , Ruhr Francis A. , Williams Weston C. , Johnson Leland R. , Payne Jason , Thomas Robert J. , Roach William P. , Ibey Bennett L.
Published: February 2023

Previous research has shown that virus infectivity can be dramatically reduced by radio frequency exposure in the gigahertz (GHz) frequency range. Given the worldwide SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, which has caused over 1 million deaths and has had a profound global economic impact, there is a need for a noninvasive technology that can reduce the transmission of virus among humans. RF is a potential wide area‐of‐effect viral decontamination technology that could be used in hospital rooms where patients are expelling virus, in grocery and convenience stores where local populations mix, and in first responder settings where rapid medical response spans many potentially infected locations within hours. In this study, we used bovine coronavirus (BCoV) as a surrogate of SARS‐CoV‐2 and exposed it to high peak power microwave (HPPM) pulses at four narrowband frequencies: 2.8, 5.6, 8.5, and 9.3 GHz. Exposures consisted of 2 µs pulses delivered at 500 Hz, with pulse counts varied by decades between 1 and 10,000. The peak field intensities (i.e. the instantaneous power density of each pulse) ranged between 0.6 and 6.5 MW/m2, depending on the microwave frequency. The HPPM exposures were delivered to plastic coverslips containing BCoV dried on the surface. Hemagglutination (HA) and cytopathic effect analyses were performed 6 days after inoculation of host cells to assess viral infectivity. No change in viral infectivity was seen with increasing dose (pulse number) across the tested frequencies. Under all conditions tested, exposure did not reduce infectivity more than 1.0 log10. For the conditions studied, high peak power pulsed RF exposures in the 2–10 GHz range appear ineffective as a virucidal approach for hard surface decontamination. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Expected life years compared to the general population
Authors: Manevski Damjan , Ružić Gorenjec Nina , Andersen Per Kragh , Pohar Perme Maja
Published: February 2023

For cohorts with long‐term follow‐up, the number of years lost due to a certain disease yields a measure with a simple and appealing interpretation. Recently, an overview of the methodology used for this goal has been published, and two measures have been proposed. In this work, we consider a third option that may be useful in settings in which the other two are inappropriate. In all three measures, the survival of the given dataset is compared to the expected survival in the general population which is calculated using external mortality tables. We thoroughly analyze the differences between the three measures, their assumptions, interpretation, and the corresponding estimators. The first measure is defined in a competing risk setting and assumes an excess hazard compared to the population, while the other two measures also allow estimation for groups that live better than the general population. In this case, the observed survival of the patients is compared to that in the population. The starting point of this comparison depends on whether the entry into the study is a hazard changing event (e.g., disease diagnosis or the age at which the inclusion criteria were met). Focusing on the newly defined life years difference measure, we study the estimation of the variance and consider the possible challenges (e.g., extrapolation) that occur in practice. We illustrate its use with a dataset of French Olympic athletes. Finally, an efficient R implementation has been developed for all three measures which make this work easily available to subsequent users.
Synthesis of single‐crystalline InP tetrapod nanocrystals via addition of ZnCl2
Authors: Kim Sunghu , Park Seongmin , Kim Meeree , Jeong Sohee
Published: February 2023

Recently, single‐crystalline indium phosphide (InP) tetrapods, which allow an exciton to act in a true tetrapodal geometry, were successfully synthesized and proved as a useful platform to study multiple exciton behaviors. We used ZnCl2 precursor, a commonly used additive in the synthesis of aminophosphine‐based InP nanocrystals to enhance the optical performance, and successfully synthesized InP tetrapods (InP‐ZnCl2) with the narrower arm length distribution. Interestingly, no distinct enhancement in photoluminescence was observed while the arm length of the InP tetrapod was suppressed with the addition of ZnCl2. Further shell growth on InP‐ZnCl2 successfully preserved tetrapodal geometry in InP‐ZnCl2/ZnSe and showed higher photoluminescence than that of tetrapodal InP/ZnSe. The crystal structure of InP‐ZnCl2 was also retained even along with various Zn feed ratios as observed in x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and showed no peak shift as Zn only passivates the surface of InP tetrapods. These results provide a platform to study the role of Zn precursor.
Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics of oridonin‐loaded liposomes
Authors: Lin Fei‐er , Zhang Xin‐yan , Zhang Yu‐ping , Wang Jin
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to prepare oridonin liposomes and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics in rats. A three‐level, three‐factor Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the preparation of oridonin liposomes. A highly sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic quantification method using ultraviolet detection was established and validated for the determination of oridonin in rat plasma. Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned and injected with 15 mg/kg of oridonin or oridonin liposomes via the tail vein. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a compartmental modeling approach using PKsolver software. The optimum conditions were as follows: soybean phospholipids/cholesterol ratio, 3.9:1; soybean phospholipids/drug ratio, 8.5:1; and soybean phospholipid concentration, 1.1%. Under these conditions, the mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of oridonin liposomes were 170.5 nm, 0.246, −30.3 mV, and 76.15%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic results showed that liposomes could significantly prolong the elimination half‐life (from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 13.67 ± 3.52 h), increase the area under the concentration–time curve (from 1.65 ± 0.17 to 6.22 ± 0.83 μg h/ml), and decrease the clearance (from 6.62 ± 1.38 to 1.96 ± 0.24 L/kg h). The oridonin liposomes increased the elimination half‐life and area under the concentration–time curve and provided a reference for the development of drugs with a short half‐life.
Full‐endoscopic technique for posterior fossa decompression in Chiari malformation type I: An anatomical feasibility study in human cadavers
Authors: Dolas I. , Yorukoglu A. G. , Sencer A. , Unal Tugrul Cem , Gulsever C. I. , Aydoseli A. , Aras Y. , Sabanci P. A. , Ruetten S.
Published: February 2023

Although endoscope‐assisted techniques have been described, a full‐endoscopic approach is yet to be performed for posterior fossa decompression (PFD) in Chiari malformation type I (CM‐I). This study aims to describe the full‐endoscopic PFD technique and evaluate its feasibility. Five fresh‐frozen anonymized adult human cadavers were operated on using an endoscope with an oval shaft cross‐section with a diameter of 9.3 mm, a working length of 177 mm, and a viewing angle of 20°. It also had an eccentric working channel with a diameter of 5.6 mm, a light guide, a sheath for continuous irrigation, and a rod lens system. The instruments were introduced from the working channel. Posterior craniocervical structures were dissected, and PFD was achieved. The planned steps were performed in all five cadavers. The endoscope was introduced to the posterior craniocervical region, dissecting the structures to easily expose the suboccipital bone and C1 posterior arch. Important structures, such as the C1 posterior tubercle, rectus capitis posterior minor muscles, and posterior atlantooccipital membrane, were used as landmarks. PFD was feasible even with the dural opening. Using the full‐endoscopic approach, posterior craniocervical structures can be reached, and PFD can be performed successfully. The instruments used are well‐defined for spinal usage; thus, this full‐endoscopic technique can be widely used in the surgical treatment of patients with CM‐I.
Comply with OCR's new guidance on Title VI, shared ancestry, ethnicity
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2023

The Office for Civil Rights recently published a fact sheet explaining how colleges and universities can protect students from discrimination related to “shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics” (bit.ly/3iPfyZP). The guidance seeks to shine light into a gray area concerning race, color, and national origin discrimination.
Understand undue burden and fundamental alteration defenses
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: February 2023

Colleges and universities have two defenses to Title II and Title III Americans with Disabilities Act lawsuits: (1) undue financial or administrative burden and (2) fundamental alteration. But U.S. Department of Justice regulations put the responsibility on postsecondary institutions to demonstrate these defenses to alleged ADA violations.
Did court dismiss officer's First Amendment claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2023

A student at the University of Michigan‐Dearborn reported to the Department of Public Safety that she was sexually assaulted by one of her professors. A security officer with the department allegedly observed a lack of progress with the investigation and began to worry about a cover‐up.
Review recent rulings regarding Title VII and retaliation
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Antithrombotic therapy after TAVI: Better alone than with a bad company
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco
Published: February 2023

Key Points

In transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) subset, previous randomized controlled trials reported increased mortality when anticoagulant therapy was used in subjects without a previous oral anticoagulation (OAC) indication.

The current meta‐analysis confirms the worse clinical outcomes in anticoagulated patients as compared to subjects treated with antiplatelet, tough less subclinical valve thrombosis was found in the OAC group.

At present, antiplatelet therapy (especially SAPT) seems the most reasonable approach in TAVI patients without indications for chronic OAC.
Intravascular lithotripsy: Making treatment of complex calcified lesions simple
Authors: Di Mario Carlo , Nardi Giulia
Published: February 2023

Key Points

Historically percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of severely calcified lesions is associated with high rate of periprocedural complications and poor long‐term outcomes.

Available data from controlled prospective registries reported promising safety and efficacy results of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) but were limited to restricted inclusion criteria.

This multicenter IVL registry in all‐comer patients including very long lesions, S‐T segment elevation myoìcardial infarction, chronic total occlsusion and left main PCI confirmed high procedural success, low rate of periprocedural complications and good long‐term outcome.
Cumulative Effect of pH and Redox Triggers on Highly Adaptive Transient Coacervates
Authors: Chowdhuri Sumit , Das Saurav , Kushwaha Ritvika , Das Tanushree , Das Basab Kanti , Das Debapratim
Published: February 2023

An intricate synergism between multiple biochemical processes and physical conditions determines the formation and function of various biological self‐assemblies. Thus, a complex set of variables dictate the far‐from‐equilibrium nature of these biological assemblies. Mimicking such systems synthetically is a challenging task. We report multi‐stimuli responsive transient coacervation of an aldehyde‐appended polymer and a short peptide. The coacervates are formed by the disulphide linkages between the peptide molecules and the imine bond between the polymer and the peptide. Imines are susceptible to pH changes and the disulphide bonds can be tuned by oxidation/reduction processes. Thus, the coacervation is operational only under the combined effect of appropriate pH and oxidative conditions. Taking advantage of these facts, the coacervates are transiently formed under a pH cycle (urea‐urease/gluconolactone) and a non‐equilibrium redox cycle (TCEP/H2O2). Importantly, the system showed high adaptability toward environmental changes. The transient existence of the coacervates can be generated without any apparent change in size and shape within the same system through the sequential application of the above‐mentioned nonequilibrium reaction cycles. Additionally, the coacervation allows for efficient encapsulation/stabilisation of proteins. Thus, the system has the potential to be used for protein/drug delivery purposes in the future.
Nanopore Deciphering Single Digital Polymers Towards High‐Density Data Storage
Authors: Hu Zheng‐Li , Liu Yu‐Hang , Xin Kai‐Li , Yu Ru‐Jia , Zhang Li‐Min , Ying Yi‐Lun
Published: February 2023

Sequence‐defined polymer is one of the most promising alternative media for high‐density data storage. It could be used to alleviate the problem of insufficient storage capacity of conventional silicon‐based devices for the explosively increasing data. To fulfil the goal of polymer data storage, suitable methods should be developed to accurately read and decode the information‐containing polymers, especially for those composed by a combination of the natural and unnatural monomers. Nanopore‐based approaches have become one of the most competitive analysis and sequencing techniques, which are expected to read both natural and synthetic polymers with single‐molecule precision and monomeric resolution. Herein, this work emphasizes the advances being made in nanopore reading and decoding of information stored in the man‐made polymers and DNA nanostructures, and discusses the challenges and opportunities towards the development and realization of high‐density data storage.
Rhodamine‐Sensitized Two‐Photon Activation of a Red Light‐Absorbing BODIPY Photocage
Authors: Weber Rebekka , Chok Kerby , Junek Stephan , Glaubitz Clemens , Heckel Alexander
Published: February 2023

Two‐photon (2P) activatable probes are of high value in biological and medical chemistry since near infrared (NIR) light can penetrate deeply even in blood‐perfused tissue and due to the intrinsic three‐dimensional activation properties. Designing two‐photon chromophores is challenging. However, the two‐photon absorption qualities of a photocage can be improved with an intramolecular sensitizer, which transfers the absorbed light onto the cage. We herein present the synthesis and photophysical characterization of a 2P‐sensitive uncaging dyad based on rhodamine 101 as donor fluorophore and a redshifted BODIPY as acceptor photocage. Liberation of p‐nitroaniline (PNA) upon one‐photon photolysis was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The photoreaction was found to be accompanied by a considerable change of the fluorescence properties of the chromophores. The possibility of a fluorescent read‐out enabled the detection of two‐photon induced uncaging by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Biokatalytische Ganzzellproduktion des Sesquiterpens Presilphiperfolan‐8β‐ol in stoffwechseloptimierten Escherichia coli
Authors: Wildhagen Maik , Pudenz Tabea , Nguyen Trang , Kirschning Andreas , Beutel Sascha
Published: February 2023

Die fermentative Ganzzellproduktion in Escherichia coli ermöglicht die Produktion komplexer Naturstoffe, wie Terpene, aus einfachen, günstigen und nachhaltigen C‐Quellen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, einen solchen Prozess zur Synthese von Presilphiperfolan‐8β‐ol (PSP) zu entwickeln. Der Biosyntheseweg dieses tricyclischen Sesquiterpenalkohols konnte erfolgreich in E. coli eingebracht werden. Der resultierende Multiplasmid‐Stamm ist in der Lage, in vivo über den Mevalonat‐Weg Farnesylpyrophosphat zu bilden, welches dann durch die Sesquiterpencyclase BcBOT2 zu PSP umgesetzt wird. Das überwiegend in das Kulturmedium sekretiert Produkt konnte via GC‐MS identifiziert und via GC‐FID quantifiziert werden. Der entwickelte Stamm produzierte in vivo bei 20 °C in 48 h 10 mg L−1 PSP direkt aus der C‐Quelle Glycerin.
ACHEMA 2022: Membranes and Membrane Processes
Authors: Götze Katja , Haseneder Roland , Herdegen Volker
Published: February 2023

Numerous companies working in the field of membrane development, membrane production, and membrane separation engineering were present at ACHEMA 2022. Compared to the last ACHEMA in 2018, there were fewer attending companies and only few new topics since development has been blocked partially by the pandemic situation and the subsequent restrictions of this years. Nevertheless, some new developments have been identified concerning process design as well as ceramic and polymeric systems.
Impaired social functioning in adolescent and young adult sarcoma survivors: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Drabbe Cas , Coenraadts Elena S. , van Houdt Winan J. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Bonenkamp Johannes J. , de Haan Jacco J. , Nin Johanna W. M. , Verhoef Cornelis , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Husson Olga
Published: February 2023

Background

Sarcomas account for almost 11% of all cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 18–39 years). AYAs are increasingly recognized as a distinct oncological age group with its own psychosocial challenges and biological characteristics. Social functioning has been shown to be one of the most severely affected domains of health‐related quality of life in AYA cancer survivors. This study aims to identify AYA sarcoma survivors with impaired social functioning (ISF) and determine clinical and psychosocial factors associated with ISF.

Methods

AYAs from the population‐based cross‐sectional sarcoma survivorship study (SURVSARC) were included (n = 176). ISF was determined according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 social functioning scale, and age‐ and sex‐matched norm data were used as reference.

Results

The median time since diagnosis was 6.2 years (range, 1.8–11.2). More than one‐quarter (28%) of AYA sarcoma survivors experienced ISF. Older age, higher tumor stage, comorbidities, lower experienced social support, uncertainty in relationships, feeling less attractive, sexual inactivity, unemployment, and financial difficulties were associated with ISF. In a multivariable analysis, unemployment (OR, 3.719; 95% CI, 1.261–10.967) and having to make lifestyle changes because of financial problems caused by one's physical condition or medical treatment (OR, 3.394; 95% CI, 1.118–10.300) were associated with ISF; better experienced social support was associated with non‐ISF (OR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.570–0.957).

Conclusion

More than one‐quarter of AYA sarcoma survivors experience ISF long after diagnosis. These results emphasize the importance of follow‐up care that is not only disease‐oriented but also focuses on the psychological and social domains.

Plain Language Summary

Sarcomas account for almost 11% of all cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 18–39 years). The AYA group is increasingly recognized as a distinct oncological age group with its own psychosocial challenges and biological characteristics.

Social functioning has been shown to be severely affected in AYA cancer survivors.

A population‐based questionnaire study to identify AYA sarcoma survivors with impaired social functioning (ISF) and determine factors associated with ISF was conducted. More than one‐quarter of AYA sarcoma survivors experience ISF long after diagnosis. These results emphasize the importance of follow‐up care that is not only disease‐orientated but also focuses on the psychological and social domains.