bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Deletion of DNAJB3 Using CRISPR-Cas9, Produced Discordant Phenotypes
Authors: Nejat Shadi , Menikdiwela Kalhara R. , Efotte Aliyah , Scoggin Shane , Vandanmagsar Bolormaa , Thornalley Paul J. , Dehbi Mohammed , Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Published: September 2023

Several pathways and/or genes have been shown to be dysregulated in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed, for the first time, impaired expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein in subjects with obesity, which was concomitant with increased metabolic stress. Restoring the normal expression of DNAJB3 attenuated metabolic stress and improved insulin signaling both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a protective role of DNAJB3 against obesity and T2D. The precise underlying mechanisms remained, however, unclear. This study was designed to confirm the human studies in a mouse model of dietary obesity-induced insulin resistance, and, if validated, to understand the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that mice lacking DNAJB3 would be more prone to high-fat (HF)-diet-induced increase in body weight and body fat, inflammation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Three DNAJB3 knockout (KO) lines were generated (KO 30, 44 and 47), using CRISPR-Cas9. Male and female KO and WT mice were fed a HF diet (45% kcal fat) for 16 weeks. Body weight was measured biweekly, and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted at week 13 and 14, respectively. Body composition was determined monthly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Following euthanasia, white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle were harvested for further analyses. Compared with WT mice, male and female KO 47 mice demonstrated higher body weight and fat mass. Similarly, KO 47 mice also showed a slower rate of glucose clearance in GTT that was consistent with decreased mRNA expression of the GLUT4 gene in WAT but not in the muscle. Both male and female KO 47 mice exhibited higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory marker TNF-a in WAT only, whereas increased mRNA levels of MCP1 chemokine and the ER stress marker BiP/Grp78 were observed in male but not in female KO 47 mice. However, we did not observe the same changes in the other KO lines. Taken together, the phenotype of the DNAJB3 KO 47 mice was consistent with the metabolic changes and low levels of DNAJB3 reported in human subjects. These findings suggest that DNAJB3 may play an important role in metabolic functions and glucose homeostasis, which warrants further phenotyping and intervention studies in other KO 47 and other KO mice, as well as investigating this protein as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and T2D.
Unexpected High Need for Genetic Testing in Rheumatology: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Kampik Lukas , Schirmer Michael
Published: September 2023

Background: Genetic testing may provide information for diagnostic, prognostic and pharmacogenetic purposes. The PREPARE study recently showed that the number of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions could be reduced via genotype-guided treatment. The aim of this work was to assess the relevance of genetic testing and its actual use in consecutive rheumatic outpatients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed with data from a prospectively designed observational project with outpatients consecutively recruited from a university clinic of rheumatology. Results: In this cohort of 2490 patients, the potential need for genetic testing is immense, with 57.3% of patients having the potential to benefit from genetic testing according to their diagnosis and treatment and 53.3% of patients with actually performed genetic testing for diagnostic, prognostic or pharmacogenetic purposes. In detail, patients would potentially benefit from genetic testing especially for therapeutic (28.0%) and diagnostic (26.9%) purposes. Genetic testing was performed for diagnostic purposes in 51.6% of subjects, for pharmacogenetic purposes in 3.7% and for prognostic purposes in 0.1%. The ratio between the number of patients who had had tests performed to those with a potential need for genetic testing decreased with age, from 127.1% for 20 to <30-year-old patients to 46.1% for 80 to <90-year-old patients. Pharmacogenetic testing was only performed for disease-related medications. Conclusions: Genetic testing is frequently needed in patients with rheumatic diseases. The value of pharmacogenetic testing is certainly underestimated, especially in case of medications for comorbidities.
Genetic Inheritance Models of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate: From Monogenic to Polygenic
Authors: Cheng Xi , Du Fengzhou , Long Xiao , Huang Jiuzuo
Published: September 2023

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) is a prevalent birth defect that affects 1/500–1/1400 live births globally. The genetic basis of NSCL/P is intricate and involves both genetic and environmental factors. In the past few years, various genetic inheritance models have been proposed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of NSCL/P. These models range from simple monogenic inheritance to more complex polygenic inheritance. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the genetic inheritance model of NSCL/P exemplified by representative genes and regions from both monogenic and polygenic perspectives. We also summarize existing association studies and corresponding loci of NSCL/P within the Chinese population and highlight the potential of utilizing polygenic risk scores for risk stratification of NSCL/P. The potential application of polygenic models offers promising avenues for improved risk assessment and personalized approaches in the prevention and management of NSCL/P individuals.
Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios and Refraction Microtremor Analyses for Seismic Site Effects and Soil Classification in the City of David, Western Panama
Authors: Grajales-Saavedra Francisco , Mojica Alexis , Ho Carlos , Samudio Krysna , Mejía George , Li Saddy , Almengor Larisa , Miranda Roberto , Muñoz Melisabel
Published: September 2023

The City of David constitutes one of the most important commercial centers of the Republic of Panama. However, it is located on a coastal plane, close to an area with high seismic activity and has been affected by significant earthquakes (18 July 1934, Mw = 7.4 and 12 March 1962, Mw = 6.7). The goal of this study is to estimate the seismic effects and to classify the soil in the City of David. The experimental work entailed the measurement of environmental noise for H/V spectral ratio (HVSR) analyzed at 22 stations. A series of microtremor refraction studies (ReMi) at six stations distributed from north to south of the city was also performed. The stations were distributed around urban areas of the city, which are characterized by the presence of water supply, sewerage, buildings, roads, etc. The spectral analysis of environmental noise allowed the generation of three different types of maps: First, predominant frequency maps (f0) with zones composed mainly of rigid and semi-rigid soils in the southern end of the city and rigid soils in the central and northern regions. Secondly, maximum H/V amplitude maps (A0) which evidence a low range of HVSR amplitude in the city, ranging from 1.1 to 3.8. Finally, liquefaction vulnerability (Kg) maps, with values less than 2 Hz−1, representative of a low liquefaction risk. Soil classification using ReMi and calculation of the corresponding Vs30 reveal type D soils, which correlate well with results obtained using HVSR analyses. A comparison between HVSR and ReMi shows that HVSR curves that exhibit clear peaks tend to be related to ReMi stations that presented relatively large shear-wave velocity contrasts at some depth. The results from this research are intended to aid the decision-making process related to the future development of the city, as well as government level maintenance and mitigation plans.
Best Practices for the Management of Patients with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease According to a German Nationwide Analysis of Expert Centers
Authors: Rohde Gernot , Eichinger Monika , Gläser Sven , Heiß-Neumann Marion , Kehrmann Jan , Neurohr Claus , Obradovic Marko , Kröger-Kilian Tim , Loebel Tobias , Taube Christian
Published: September 2023

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease caused by infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). International guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies, but there is a need for sharing day-to-day best practice between treatment centers to optimize patient care. This is particularly valuable for rare diseases like NTM-PD. In this cross-sectional analysis of NTM-PD management in Germany, medical and administrative staff from seven treatment centers were interviewed to identify best practice in the diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of patients with NTM-PD, including related hospital infrastructure and administration processes. A prioritization led to a collection of best practices for the management of patients with NTM-PD in Germany, which is presented here. Selected current best practices included performance of regular sputum tests for diagnosis, use of medical reports, and regular follow-up visits as well as increased interaction between physicians across different specialties. Future best practices that may be implemented to overcome current barriers comprised disease awareness activities, patient empowerment, and new approaches to enhance physician interaction. Challenges related to their implementation are also discussed and will help to raise disease awareness. The presented best practices may guide and optimize patient management in other centers.
Palliative Care Survey: Awareness, Knowledge and Views of the Styrian Population in Austria
Authors: Spary-Kainz Ulrike , Posch Nicole , Paier-Abuzahra Muna , Lieb Melanie , Avian Alexander , Zelko Erika , Siebenhofer Andrea
Published: September 2023

Background: No population-based data on awareness and knowledge of palliative care currently exist in Austria. We therefore conducted a survey to determine the general awareness and knowledge of palliative care in Styria, a federal state in Austria. We also asked participants to imagine what services they would need as a patient or family member, where they themselves would like to receive such services, and what fears they imagined patients with a terminal illness would have. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey consisting of 18 questions that address several aspects of palliative care was carried out in the adult population of Styria, Austria, from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: A total of 419 questionnaires were analyzed, whereby 70.3% of respondents had at least heard of palliative care. Of these, significantly more were female, had a university degree and were aged 50 to 64. The main goal of palliative care was chosen correctly by 67.1% of participants, with the proportion of correct answers increasing in line with education and reaching 82.0% among university graduates. Overall, 73.2% believed that the greatest need of terminally ill persons was a reduction in physical suffering, whereas the greatest perceived need of relatives was the availability of specialist care around the clock. About one-third believed that the greatest fear of palliative patients was that of death, which was chosen significantly more often by men than women. If terminally ill, some 39% of respondents would wish to be looked after at home by professional carers, and women and people that had completed high school chose this answer significantly more often. The most desired service that should be provided to patients and relatives was home pain management at 69.9%, followed by time off for family caregivers at 58.0%. This item was chosen significantly more often by women. Conclusions: To facilitate the care of severely ill patients at home, it would make sense to develop targeted information campaigns. These should also attempt to deliver targeted information to less informed groups of people, such as young, poorly educated men, in order to raise their awareness of the difficulties and challenges of providing care to terminally ill patients and thus increase the acceptance of support options.
Social Networks in French Balneotherapy: A Focus on Spa Doctors
Authors: Ramon Dupuy Sybille , Cueille Sandrine , Dubourg Karine , Roques-Latrille Christian-François , Bauduer Frédéric
Published: September 2023

Spa therapy is a medical treatment based on the use of natural mineral water. In France, spa therapy is delivered in spa care facilities (SCF) involving the intervention of several actors (stakeholders). Spa doctors are key stakeholders as they prescribe the treatments, follow spa patients and assess spa therapy with scientific studies. This study aimed to analyze the spa doctors’ relationships in order to highlight their role in transferring information to other stakeholders, particularly to spa managers. For that purpose, we used the social network analysis (SNA) method by means of snowball data collection. We sent a questionnaire to all the spa therapy categories of actors. In total, 80 persons answered and declared 397 relationships. Our results, based on the categorization of respondents and of their relationships and on quantitative indicators (density, response rate), show that spa doctors demonstrate a very acceptable density of relations with spa managers and elected local authorities. However, they appear to be poorly involved in relations concerning the strategy and management of SCF, although they are essential actors in ensuring the medical relevance and sustainability of spa therapy. This research is of interest to patients’ care as it recommends deeper involvement of spa doctors in the management of SCF in order to optimize access to informational resources, specifically regarding the evolution of treatments in accordance with scientific progress. Our data are of international scope because the organizational model of balneotherapy, based on the cooperation between spa doctors and SCF, is universal.
The Effect of Therapeutic Adherence on the Effectiveness of a Digital Therapeutic Exercise Program: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Klingenberg Markus , Elsner Andreas , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Hans Felix Patricius , Benning Leo
Published: September 2023

Nonspecific back pain (NSBP) contributes greatly to the overall burden of disease from musculoskeletal conditions. Digital therapeutics (DTx) aims to address the excess demand for movement and exercise therapy resulting from this spectrum of conditions. This study aims to investigate the differential therapeutic response of NSBP to different use profiles of a digital home exercise program. Methods: This study used a PSM model to comparatively assess the achievement of a clinically relevant pain improvement among patients who exhibit a high use (HU), intermediate use (IU), low use (LU), or sub-LU use profile. Sensitivity analyses with commonly accepted thresholds for clinically relevant improvements were conducted. Results: Higher use profiles show a higher probability of achieving a clinically relevant improvement of self-reported pain intensities. Additionally, the achievement of any higher use level is associated with a significant increase in the probability of achieving a clinically relevant improvement. Conclusion: To enable the optimal effectiveness of DTx home exercise programs, an HU use profile should be pursued. This finding is in line with earlier guidance for the achievement of optimal therapeutic benefit from conventional movement and exercise therapy and underscores the importance of a cross-disciplinary effort from patients, healthcare professionals and system stakeholders alike to maximize the therapeutic effect from DTx.
What Are the Best Practices for Co-Creating Patient-Facing Educational Materials? A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: McDonald Isabella R. , Blocker Elizabeth S. , Weyman Elizabeth A. , Smith Neil , Dwyer Andrew A.
Published: September 2023

Co-creating patient-facing educational materials (PEMs) can enhance person-centered care by responding to patient priorities and unmet needs. Little data exist on ‘best practices’ for co-creation. We followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework to conduct a systematic literature search of nine databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute, TRIP—April, 2022) to identify empirical studies published in English on PEM co-creation to distill ‘best practices’. Following an independent dual review of articles, data were collated into tables, and thematic analysis was employed to synthesize ‘best practices’ that were validated by a patient experienced in co-creating PEMs. Bias was not assessed, given the study heterogeneity. Of 6998 retrieved articles, 44 were included for data extraction/synthesis. Studies utilized heterogeneous methods spanning a range of health conditions/populations. Only 5/45 (11%) studies defined co-creation, 14 (32%) used a guiding framework, and 18 (41%) used validated evaluation tools. Six ‘best practices’ were identified: (1) begin with a review of the literature, (2) utilize a framework to inform the process, (3) involve clinical and patient experts from the beginning, (4) engage diverse perspectives, (5) ensure patients have the final decision, and (6) employ validated evaluation tools. This scoping review highlights the need for clear definitions and validated evaluation measures to guide and assess the co-creation process. Identified ‘best practices’ are relevant for use with diverse patient populations and health issues to enhance person-centered care.
Self-Reflection, Emotional Self Disclosure, and Posttraumatic Growth in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea
Authors: Lee KyoungSook , Ahn SeongAh
Published: September 2023

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several studies were conducted on mental health among various populations; however, only a few studies have focused on post-traumatic growth (PTG) in nursing students. By understanding the PTG involved in coping with emotionally challenging situations, educators, and institutions can prepare nursing students to navigate the demands of their profession and ultimately provide more empathetic and effective patient care. This study aimed to explore whether self-reflection and emotional self-disclosure are associated with PTG. A total of 195 nursing students completed the self-report questionnaire. This study used standardized instruments, including the self-reflection scale, emotional self-disclosure, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. The factors influencing PTG included self-reflection (β = 0.36; p < 0.001), emotional self-disclosure (β = 0.24; p < 0.001), grade (β = −0.18; p = 0.008), and religion (β = −0.15; p = 0.013). The explanatory power of these four factors was 31.4%, and self-reflection was found to have the greatest influence on PTG. The results indicated the need for self-reflection and emotional self-disclosure promotion programs to improve PTG, especially for senior and non-religious students.
Stress, Burnout, and General Mental Health among Healthcare Workers in Poland during the Long-Lasting COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Budzyńska Natalia , Moryś Joanna
Published: September 2023

Medical professions are characterized by a great responsibility for human health and life; they are also vulnerable to burnout. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges and threats. This study aimed to assess the mental health of healthcare workers after a year and a half of working in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were utilized in this cross-sectional investigation. A total of 335 healthcare employees from Polish hospitals (median age 44 years) filled out online questionnaires between the 16 August 2021 and the 30 March 2022. Most of the sample was female (86%). In this study, 40.0% of the surveyed healthcare workers reported a high stress intensity. Burnout was reported by 9.6% of the workers, and the most frequently experienced symptom was psychophysical exhaustion. Almost half of the healthcare workers surveyed (49.6%) reported health disorders at both the mental and physiological levels. Interestingly, working in a COVID-19 ward did not significantly differentiate healthcare workers in any of the evaluated variables: PSS-10 (gr. A F = 1.21; gr. B F = 0.71; p > 0.05), LBQ (gr. A F = 1.89, F = 0.94, F = 1.08, F = 2.57; gr. B F = 0.32, F = 1.14, F = 0.77, F = 0.36; p > 0.05), and GHQ-28 (gr. A F = 0.85, F = 0.52, F = 0.57, F = 0.31; gr. B F = 0.31, F = 0.06, F = 0.06, F = 0.54; p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the compared occupational groups of healthcare workers: PSS-10 (F = 1.08; p > 0.05) and GHQ-28 (F = 1.78; F = 0.85; F = 0.62; F = 0.54; p > 0.05). The mental health of healthcare workers is alarming, and psychophysical conditions can affect the quality of work and relations with patients. Psychological care in workplaces and workshops that build resources for dealing with difficult situations are necessary.
RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response
Authors: García Yaima Henry , Troncoso-Rojas Rosalba , Báez-Flores María Elena , Hernández-Oñate Miguel Ángel , Tiznado-Hernández Martín Ernesto
Published: September 2023

The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by Alternaria alternata are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of plants with natural molecules such as chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide of the fungal cell wall that is recognized by plasma membrane receptors that activates the transcription of plant defense genes. Because there is little information on the genes involved in chitin perception and defense responses to fungal chitin oligomers in tomato fruits, the main objective of this study was to identify pattern recognition receptor-associated genes in tomato fruits that perceive chitin oligomers from the necrotrophic fungus A. alternata using RNA-Seq. Chitin oligomers were obtained from A. alternata via enzymatic treatment. Tomato fruits in the pink ripening stage were exposed to these chitin oligomers for 30 min. The induction of tomato genes encoding a plasma membrane receptor that recognizes fungal chitin (LRR, RLK, SlLYK4, and SlCERK1) was observed 30 min after treatment. Similarly, the perception of Alternaria chitin oligomers triggered the induction of genes involved in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene and jasmonic acid. Further, activation of plant defense phenomena was confirmed by the upregulation of several genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. The scientific information generated in the present work will help to better elucidate tomato fruit’s response to pathogens and to design protocols to reduce postharvest losses due to fungal infection.
In Vitro Micropropagation, Rooting and Acclimatization of Two Agastache Species (A. aurantiaca and A. mexicana)
Authors: Copetta Andrea , Mussano Paolo , Devi Poonam , Lanteri Angelo , Cassetti Arianna , Mascarello Carlo , Bisio Angela , Ruffoni Barbara
Published: September 2023

Agastache aurantiaca ‘Sunset Yellow’ and A. mexicana ‘Sangria’ are aromatic plants with edible flowers characterized with good flavors, nutritional values and pleasant aromas. The aim of this study was to establish a successful protocol to ensure fast shoot propagation, rooting and in vivo acclimatization to obtain many vigorous plants for edible flower production. Micropropagation was tested with an agarized Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with different 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) levels. In vitro rooting trials were carried out using a half-strength MS medium comparing the traditional jar method with an agarized medium and the temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor with a liquid medium. After acclimatization in a greenhouse, the survival of plants and their development were recorded. Microscopical analyses were performed on both in-jar and in-TIS leaves at rooting stages and compared with in vivo leaves. In both species, the greatest number of new shoots was noted at 2.22 µM and 3.33 µM of BAP. In TIS, rooting started earlier, resulting in larger plants with more roots and longer roots than in the jar substrate. Any anatomical difference was observed in leaves collected from the jar and TIS during the rooting stage. The best acclimatization performances were recorded in plants coming from the TIS bioreactor.
Wild Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck ex Koehne as a Genetic Resource for Fire Blight Resistance
Authors: Kolchenko Mariya , Nurtaza Aidana , Pozharskiy Alexandr , Dyussembekova Damira , Kapytina Anastasiya , Nizamdinova Gulnaz , Khusnitdinova Marina , Taskuzhina Aisha , Kakimzhanova Almagul , Gritsenko Dilyara
Published: September 2023

Wild apples and their hybrids are valued as a source of genetic resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Malus niedzwetzkyana is an endangered ornamental apple species endemic to Southeast Kazakhstan, the center of Malus domestication. To test the fire blight resistance of M. niedzwetzkyana, eight plant genotypes were inoculated with a local strain of Erwinia amylovora. The genotypes possess different genetic backgrounds, which was confirmed via SSR profiling. Four out of eight displayed moderate to severe symptoms of fire blight infection, while the three wild genotypes proved resistant. To search for the source of the resistance, the samples were tested for the presence of FBF7 QTL using SCAR markers, where seven genotypes tested positive for one of the markers (AE10-375) and one for the other (GE80-19). No correlation between resistance phenotype and FBF7 QTL was confirmed, indicating the source lies elsewhere. Developing detailed genetic and phenotypic profiles of wild apple species helps advance both the preservation efforts and marker-assisted selection in apple breeding.
First Report of Nigrospora Species Causing Leaf Spot on Olive (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Petrović Elena , Vrandečić Karolina , Ćosić Jasenka , Đermić Edyta , Godena Sara
Published: September 2023

Leaf spot symptoms were spotted in two olive orchards in Istria and in Kvarner Gulf, Croatia. Fungal species from three representative isolates (P13 LECIII, R18 BI, JA20 NP) have been morphologically characterized based on the colony and conidial characteristics. Several techniques were performed for inducing the sporulation of the JA20 NP isolate. Only PDA + banana medium was successful. PCR was conducted for ITS, TUB, and EF1α gene regions. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using internal transcribed spacer, beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequence data. Three types of tests were conducted: a pathogenicity test on detached leaves, on detached and scratched leaves, and on olive seedlings. Ultimately, from the morphological characterizations, DNA sequence analysis of ITS, TUB, and EF1α gene regions, and phylogenetic analysis, these species were identified as Nigrospora gorlenkoana Novobr., Nigrospora osmanthi Mei Wang & L. Cai, and Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris M. Raza, Qian Chen & L. Cai. This is the first report of Nigrospora species causing leaf spot on olive trees and the first report of Nigrospora philosophiae-doctoris as a plant pathogen. Fungal leaf diseases in conditions that are favorable for infection and disease development can lead to a decrease in the yield and olive oil quality. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research and the monitoring of fungal leaf diseases.
The Effects of UV-C Irradiation and Low Temperature Treatment on Microbial Growth and Oxidative Damage in Fresh-Cut Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Baligad John Louie , Huang Pung-Ling , Do Yi-Yin
Published: September 2023

Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are convenient and retain maximum nutrients. However, even minimal processing accelerates product deterioration and reduces food safety due to microbial infection. In this study, the effects of UV-C irradiation, low temperature treatment, and their combination on the microbial risk of fresh-cut bitter gourd were evaluated. Firstly, next-generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify microorganisms on the surface of fresh-cut bitter gourd after 12 h of exposure to room temperature, and a total of 34 bacterial species were identified. Subsequently, fresh-cut bitter gourd treated with UV-C or/and 4 °C and then kept at room temperature for 6 h was assessed for its viable bacterial count. The results showed that both 0.5 and 1.5 kJ·m−2 UV-C irradiation significantly inhibited microbial growth compared to 4 °C and the no treatment control. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between UV-C and the combined treatments. Lower doses of UV-C irradiation reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, increased the proline level, and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and critical enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase. This suggests that UV-C irradiation alone can effectively reduce bacterial contamination in fresh-cut bitter gourd to an acceptable level.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Different Varieties of Plum Fruits Based on Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhu Shouliang , Lin Xin , Peng Junsen , Luo Dengcan , Wan Xuan , Zhang Yun , Dong Xiaoqing , Ma Yuhua
Published: September 2023

To investigate the differences in the volatile compounds of plum fruit samples from different cultivars, the volatile compounds of the ‘Fengtang’ plum, ‘Kongxin’ plum, and ‘Cuihong’ plum fruits were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results demonstrated that a total of 938 volatile compounds were identified in three plum fruits, including 200 terpenoids, 171 esters, 116 heterocyclic compounds, 89 hydrocarbons, 82 ketones and alcohols, 63 aldehydes, 54 aromatic hydrocarbons, 21 amines, 18 acids, 17 phenols, 10 nitrogenous compounds, 7 sulfur compounds, and other compounds, 470 of which were common to all the cultivars. Moreover, 704, 691, and 704 volatile substances were detected, respectively, in the ‘Fengtang’ plum, ‘Kongxin’ plum, and ‘Cuihong’ plum, with terpenoids, esters, and heterocycles as the main compounds, accounting for 62.12~72.03% of the volatile compounds. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) illustrated that the ‘Fengtang’ plum and ‘Cuihong’ plum were similar in terms of volatile compounds; the ‘Kongxin’ plum compounds were different from those in the other cultivars. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed, revealing the typical volatile compounds that differed among the plum fruits of the different varieties; thus, the three plum fruits could be better distinguished. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the studies of plum fruit flavor, quality, and geographical origin identification.
A COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Meat-Processing Plant in England: Transmission Risk Factors and Controls
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Beattie Helen , Simpson Andrew , Nicholls Gillian , Sandys Vince , Keen Chris , Curran Andrew
Published: September 2023

The meat-processing industry had frequent COVID-19 outbreaks reported worldwide. In May 2021, a large meat-processing plant in the UK had an outbreak affecting 4.1% (63/1541) of workers. A rapid on-site investigation was conducted to understand the virus transmission risk factors and control measures. This included observational assessments of work activities, control measures, real-time environmental measurements and surface microbial sampling. The production night-shift attack rate (11.6%, 44/380) was nearly five times higher than the production day-shift (2.4%, 9/380). Shared work transport was provided to 150 staff per dayshift and 104 per nightshift. Production areas were noisy (≥80 dB(A)) and physical distancing was difficult to maintain. Face visors were mandatory, additional face coverings were required for some activities but not always worn. The refrigeration system continuously recirculated chilled air. In some areas, the mean temperature was as low as 4.5 °C and mean relative humidity (RH) was as high as 96%. The adequacy of ventilation in the production areas could not be assessed reliably using CO2, due to the use of CO2 in the packaging process. While there were challenges in the production areas, the observed COVID-19 control measures were generally implemented well in the non-production areas. Sixty surface samples from all areas were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 11.7% were positive. Multi-layered measures, informed by a workplace specific risk assessment, are required to prevent and control workplace outbreaks of COVID-19 or other similar respiratory infectious diseases.
Teledentistry and Forensic Odontology: Qualitative Study on the Capacity of Implementation
Authors: Sabourin Céline , Giraudeau Nicolas , Baccino Eric , Camarasa Frédéric , Martrille Laurent , Inquimbert Camille
Published: September 2023

The postmortem identification of people without an identity is performed either by using DNA, dental charts, or fingerprints (until advanced decomposition prevents their study). The lack of forensic dentists who can conduct identifications lead us to reflect on the use of digital technology in this area. The aim of this study was to validate the organizational capacity of using teledentistry for the identification of bodies in a forensic medicine department. A mixed observational study was conducted on 55 cases between July 2020 and February 2021 in the Forensic Medicine and Thanatology Department of Montpellier University Hospital. The protocol was structured in five steps: an initial interview with the agent (a forensic autopsy technician/caregiver specialized in forensic medicine), regarding the idea they had in terms of using telemedicine in their daily practice; agent training in the telemedicine system; realization of a clinical examination using an intra-oral camera by the agent; data analysis by a dental surgeon; final interview with the agent. The study was conducted on 55 subjects. The average age was 54 years old, with more than two-thirds of the patients being male (69%). The videos had an average duration of 29 min. There was an increase in visit duration when rigidity was high; this was also the case when there were many dental specificities in the oral cavity. The quality of the videos was either good or excellent. This study showed that remote identification could be considered as a new non-invasive identification tool. Many features were analyzed to create a training guide for forensic institutes.
Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems
Authors: Hamann Stephen L. , Kungskulniti Nipapun , Charoenca Naowarut , Kasemsup Vijj , Ruangkanchanasetr Suwanna , Jongkhajornpong Passara
Published: September 2023

Evidence of the harms of e-cigarettes has been unfolding slowly and has been documented in many reviews and reports worldwide. A narrative review of new evidence is presented since, as research has continued, newly aggregated evidence of the dangers of electronic cigarettes on the brain, heart, and lungs is vital to inform decisions on restricting the use of e-cigarettes. Several biomedical research databases were searched for electronic cigarette health effects, emphasizing reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Over 50 review studies, primarily in 2022 and 2023, illustrate some of the latest information on e-cigarette harms. Results show studies of respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular effects. Researchers call for expanding studies through new methods to elaborate on initial findings of multiple harms emerging in clinical investigations. Since the use of electronic cigarettes for adult cessation is not sanctioned in most countries, it is clear that health authorities see significant costs to the health of the general population if the promotion and use of electronic cigarettes occur worldwide. Regulatory action to control electronic cigarettes should consider the substantial evidence of electronic cigarette harm.
Nurses’ Roles, Responsibilities and Actions in the Hospital Discharge Process of Older Adults with Health and Social Care Needs in Three Nordic Cities: A Vignette Study
Authors: Liljas Ann E. M. , Jensen Natasja K. , Pulkki Jutta , Agerholm Janne
Published: September 2023

The hospital discharge process of older adults in need of both medical and social care post hospitalisation requires the involvement of nurses at multiple levels across the different phases. This study aims to examine and compare what roles, responsibilities and actions nurses take in the hospital discharge process of older adults with complex care needs in three Nordic cities: Copenhagen (Denmark), Stockholm (Sweden) and Tampere (Finland). A vignette-based interview study consisting of three cases was conducted face-to-face with nurses in Copenhagen (n = 11), Stockholm (n = 16) and Tampere (n = 8). The vignettes represented older patients with medical conditions, cognitive loss and various home situations. The interviews were conducted in the local language, recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. The findings show that nurses exchanged information with both healthcare (all cities) and social care services (Copenhagen, Tampere). Nurses in all cities, particularly Stockholm, reported to inform, and also convince patients to make use of home care. Nurses in Stockholm and Tampere reported that some patients refuse care due to co-payment. Nurses in these two cities were more likely to involve close relatives, possibly due to such costs. Not accepting care, due to costs, poses inequity in later life. Additionally, organisational changes towards a shift in location of care, i.e., from hospital to home, and from professional to informal caregivers, might be reflected in the work of the nurses through their initiatives to convince older patients to accept home care and to involve close relatives.
School Memories about Homophobic Bullying: A Study Based on Cultural-Historical Psychology
Authors: Lopes da Silva Rômulo , Souza Vera Lucia Trevisan de
Published: September 2023

The expression of homophobic violence in schools reveals the urgency of an analytical approach to debate the impact of this phenomenon on students’ mental health. This article seeks to debate and better comprehend school memories from young gays, lesbians, and bisexuals, as well as to discuss how homophobic bullying affected their school trajectories. This study is based on cultural-historical psychology in intersection with gender and sexuality studies. In-depth online interviews were conducted with three young subjects who identified themselves as non-heterosexual. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through the analytical discourse tool defined as Nuclei of Meanings. The results were organized in two topics of discussion: (a) the problems associated with non-heterosexual identity in schools; (b) the search for other ways of experiencing sexual identity in school. Throughout the article, reflections were held about the challenges participants had to deal with in order to regularly attend school and be educated, as well as the obstacles they faced in building their own ways of recognizing their sexual identity. The unique ways in which these young subjects took a stand in the face of homophobic situations show new methods to create educational interventions in order to include sexual diversity and openness to different possibilities of being and acting.
Preventing Perinatal Depression: Cultural Adaptation of the Mothers and Babies Course in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Le Huynh-Nhu , McEwan Elena , Kapiyo Maureen , Muthoni Fidelis , Opiyo Tobias , Rabemananjara Kantoniony M. , Senefeld Shannon , Hembling John
Published: September 2023

Pregnant women and mothers in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk for perinatal depression, warranting a need to develop culturally tailored interventions to prevent perinatal depression. This paper documents the process of adapting an evidence-based preventive intervention developed in the United States, the Mothers and Babies Course (MBC), to fit the contexts of rural pregnant women and mothers of young children in Kenya and Tanzania using the updated Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME). Data from informant interviews and field observations from the planning and implementation phases were used to make adaptations and modifications of the MBC for perinatal women through the eight aspects of FRAME. Follow-up field visits and reflection meetings with case managers and intervention participants indicated that the adapted version of the MBC was well accepted, but fidelity was limited due to various implementation barriers. The FRAME provided an optimal structure to outline the key adaptations and modifications of a preventive intervention intended to maximize engagement, delivery, and outcomes for high-risk perinatal women in rural settings.
Coping, Supports and Moral Injury: Spiritual Well-Being and Organizational Support Are Associated with Reduced Moral Injury in Canadian Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: D’Alessandro-Lowe Andrea M. , Karram Mauda , Ritchie Kim , Brown Andrea , Millman Heather , Sullo Emily , Xue Yuanxin , Pichtikova Mina , Schielke Hugo , Malain Ann , O’Connor Charlene , Lanius Ruth , McCabe Randi E. , McKinnon Margaret C.
Published: September 2023

Healthcare providers (HCPs) have described the onset of shame- and trust-violation-related moral injuries (MI) throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research suggests that HCPs may turn to various coping methods and supports, such as spirituality/religiosity, substance use, friends/family or organizational support, to manage workplace stress. It remains unknown, however, if similar coping methods and supports are associated with MI among this population. We explored associations between MI (including the shame and trust-violation presentations individually) and coping methods and supports. Canadian HCPs completed an online survey about their mental health and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including demographic indices (e.g., sex, age, mental health history) and measures of MI, organizational support, social support, spiritual well-being, self-compassion, alcohol use, cannabis use and childhood adversity. Three hierarchical multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess the associations between coping methods/supports and (i) MI, (ii) shame-related MI and (iii) trust-violation-related MI, when controlling for age, mental health history and childhood adversity. One hundred and seventy-six (N = 176) HCPs were included in the data analysis. Spiritual well-being and organizational support were each significantly associated with reduced total MI (p’s < 0.001), shame-related MI (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively) and trust-violation-related MI (p’s < 0.001). Notably, comparison of the standardized beta coefficients suggests that the association between trust-violation-related MI and both spiritual well-being and organizational support was more than twice as great as the associations between these variables and shame-related MI, emphasizing the importance of these supports and the trust-violation outcomes particularly. Mental health history (p = 0.02) and self-compassion (p = 0.01) were additionally related to shame-related MI only. Our findings indicate that heightened levels of spiritual well-being and organizational support were associated with reduced MI among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than placing sole responsibility for mental health outcomes on HCPs individually, organizations can instead play a significant role in mitigating MI among staff by implementing evidence-informed organizational policies and interventions and by considering how supports for spiritual well-being may be implemented into existing models of care where relevant for employees.
Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shandu Nduduzo Msizi , Mathunjwa Musa Lewis , Shaw Ina , Shaw Brandon Stuwart
Published: September 2023

Smoking is amongst the leading global threats with high incidences of preventable premature mortality, morbidity, and various chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a decrease in the prevalence of daily smoking in both males and females from 1980 to 2012, however, the number of regular smokers since then has exponentially increased. The low socio-income status individuals contribute greatly towards tobacco-attributable diseases due to limited access to healthcare systems, mostly in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Smoking affects the optimal functioning of the human body, which results in altered body system processes. Although a high intake of nicotine can lead to prolonged adherence and dependence on smoking, other factors, such as an individual’s level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, depression, and anxiety, can produce similar effects. Smoking has a wide impact on lifestyle factors, which explains the increase in the number of sedentary smokers with decreased health fitness levels and poor lifestyle conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the exercise effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), muscular function, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition in smokers. Concurrently, exercise as an intervention has been sourced as a rehabilitation strategy during smoking cessation programmes to restore the diminishing health components, however, a high rate of relapse occurs due to intolerable withdrawal symptoms.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beckett Ashley , Scott Jake Riley , Chater Angel Marie , Ferrandino Louise , Aldous Jeffrey William Frederick
Published: September 2023

Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for ‘firefighter’ and ‘metabolic syndrome’, databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7–27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.