bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Low Birth Weight, and Preterm Birth: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Their Association With Maternal Periodontitis
Authors: Siqueira Fernanda Mafra , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Costa José Eustáquio , Haddad João Paulo Amaral , Lana Ângela Maria Quintão , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: November 2007

Background: It has been suggested that periodontitis is associated with systemic alterations such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, some conflicting results have been reported. This case‐control study was conducted to determine the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Methods: A total of 1,305 Brazilian women from multiethnic groups were enrolled and divided into four groups: control group (1,042 women who gave birth to infants with adequate gestational age and birth weight); PTB group (238 women, gestational age <37 complete weeks); LBW group (235 women, birth weight <2,500 g); and IUGR group (77 women who gave birth to infants with fetal growth retardation). Periodontitis was defined as the presence of at least four teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≥4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm. The effects of variables of interest, confounders, and interaction were tested through univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests.

Results: After adjusting for variables of interest, maternal periodontitis was retained in the final model for PTB (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 2.59), LBW (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.51), and IUGR (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.19). When the interaction between periodontitis and previous PTB was tested, an OR of 5.94 (P <0.001), 9.12 (P <0.001), and 18.90 (P <0.001) was observed for PTB, LBW, and IUGR, respectively.

Conclusions: Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for PTB, LBW, and IUGR. Results emphasize the importance of periodontal care in prenatal health programs.
Osseointegrated Implants in Subjects Treated for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: 10‐Year Results of a Prospective, Long‐Term Cohort Study
Authors: Mengel Reiner , Behle Marion , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin
Published: November 2007

Background: The aim of this prospective 10‐year study of partially edentulous subjects treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects was a clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and assessment of the implants' success rate.

Methods: Five subjects treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and five periodontally healthy subjects who were orally rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants participated in the study. First, they were examined 2 to 4 weeks before extraction of the non‐retainable teeth (baseline) and 3 weeks after insertion of the final abutments. All further examinations were performed during a 3‐month recall schedule over a 10‐year period. At every session, clinical parameters were recorded, and the composition of the subgingival microflora was determined. Radiographs were taken at baseline after insertion of the superstructure and 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years later.

Results: Throughout the follow‐up period, the peri‐implant gingival index of GAgP subjects was significantly higher than in periodontally healthy subjects. There was no difference in plaque index between teeth and implants or between the two groups. The peri‐implant probing depths were comparable in the two groups and remained ≤4 mm throughout the follow‐up. The probing depth was significantly higher around the teeth of the GAgP subjects compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Implants of GAgP subjects showed a significantly higher attachment loss (Ø 2.4 mm). The attachment level at teeth and implants of the periodontally healthy subjects and at teeth of the GAgP subjects was almost unchanged. Microbiologically, GAgP subjects had fewer cocci and more motile rods and filaments at teeth and implants than periodontally healthy subjects. GAgP subjects showed significantly more peri‐implant bone loss in the first year (Ø 2.07 mm) and in the subsequent 9 years (total 1.3 mm). Bone loss at teeth also was significantly higher at baseline (Ø 26.39%) and in the following years (total 9.3%). Implant survival rates were 100% in periodontally healthy subjects versus 83.33% in GAgP subjects.

Conclusions: This 10‐year study showed that partially edentulous subjects treated for GAgP can be rehabilitated successfully with osseointegrated implants. However, the bone and attachment loss at the implants were higher than in periodontally healthy subjects.
Effect of a Targeted Subsidy on Intake of Fruits and Vegetables Among Low-Income Women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Authors: Herman Dena R. , Harrison Gail G. , Afifi Abdelmonem A. , Jenks Eloise
Published: November 2007

Objectives. Intake of fruits and vegetables protects against several common chronic diseases, and low income is associated with lower intake. We tested the effectiveness of a subsidy for fruits and vegetables to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Methods. Women who enrolled for postpartum services (n=602) at 3 WIC sites in Los Angeles were assigned to an intervention (farmers’ market or supermarket, both with redeemable food vouchers) or control condition (a minimal nonfood incentive). Interventions were carried out for 6 months, and participants’ diets were followed for an additional 6 months.

Results. Intervention participants increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables and sustained the increase 6 months after the intervention was terminated (model adjusted R2=.13, P<.001). Farmers’ market participants showed an increase of 1.4 servings per 4186 kJ (1000 kcal) of consumed food (P<.001) from baseline to the end of intervention compared with controls, and supermarket participants showed an increase of 0.8 servings per 4186 kJ (P=.02).

Conclusions. Participants valued fresh fruits and vegetables, and adding them to the WIC food packages will result in increased fruit and vegetable consumption.
A Participatory Action Research Pilot Study of Urban Health Disparities Using Rapid Assessment Response and Evaluation
Authors: Brown David Richard , Hernández Agueda , Saint-Jean Gilbert , Evans Siân , Tafari Ida , Brewster Luther G. , Celestin Michel J. , Gómez-Estefan Carlos , Regalado Fernando , Akal Siri , Nierenberg Barry , Kauschinger Elaine D. , Schwartz Robert , Page J. Bryan
Published: November 2007

Healthy People 2010 made it a priority to eliminate health disparities. We used a rapid assessment response and evaluation (RARE) to launch a program of participatory action research focused on health disparities in an urban, disadvantaged Black community serviced by a major south Florida health center.

We formed partnerships with community members, identified local health disparities, and guided interventions targeting health disparities. We describe the RARE structure used to triangulate data sources and guide intervention plans as well as findings and conclusions drawn from scientific literature and epidemiological, historic, planning, clinical, and ethnographic data.

Disenfranchisement and socioeconomic deprivation emerged as the principal determinants of local health disparities and the most appropriate targets for intervention.
Social and Emotional Consequences of Refraining From Sexual Activity Among Sexually Experienced and Inexperienced Youths in California
Authors: Brady Sonya S. , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L.
Published: November 2007

Objectives. We examined the social and emotional consequences among adolescents of refraining from sexual activity (oral or vaginal sex) and whether these consequences differed over time and by gender and sexual experience.

Methods. Adolescents (N=612; 58% female) recruited from 2 schools were assessed at 4 time points separated by 6-month intervals, beginning in fall of ninth grade.

Results. The percentage of adolescents who reported only positive consequences (e.g., they felt responsible, friends were proud) dramatically decreased over time, whereas the percentage that reported negative consequences (e.g., they felt left out, partners became angry) steadily increased. Adolescent girls and sexually experienced adolescents were more likely to report both positive and negative consequences than were adolescent boys and sexually inexperienced adolescents. Adolescents who began the study with sexual experience were more likely to report positive consequences of refraining from sexual activity by the end of the study than those who initiated sexual activity later.

Conclusions. Sexual education programs should address how adolescents can cope with or prevent negative consequences of refraining from sexual activity, so that decisions to abstain are rewarding and decisions to engage in sexual activity are motivated by maturity and readiness.
Equity of Skilled Birth Attendant Utilization in Developing Countries: Financing and Policy Determinants
Authors: Kruk Margaret E. , Prescott Marta R. , Galea Sandro
Published: November 2007

Objectives. Developing countries with higher health care spending have greater overall utilization of maternal health services than do countries with lower spending. However, the rich tend to disproportionately use these services. We assessed whether redistributive government policies in the context of higher levels of health spending were associated with more-equitable use of skilled birth attendants (doctors, nurses, or midwives) between rich and poor.

Methods. We used data from Demographic and Health Surveys of 45 developing countries and disaggregated by wealth quintile. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the joint effect of higher health care expenditures, the wealth distribution of women’s fifth-grade education (a proxy for redistributive policy environment within the central government) and the overall proportion of women with fifth-grade education (a proxy for female literacy and an indicator of governments’ commitment to girls’ education).

Results. We found that utilization of skilled birth attendants was more equitable when higher health expenditures were accompanied by redistributive education policies.

Conclusions. Higher health care expenditures should be accompanied by redistributive policies to reduce the gap in utilization of skilled birth attendants between poorer and richer women in developing countries.
Runoff and infiltration characteristics of pavement structures—review of an extensive monitoring program
Authors: Illgen M. , Harting K. , Schmitt T.G. , Welker A.
Published: November 2007

The stormwater runoff and infiltration performance of permeable pavements has been systematically evaluated within an intensive monitoring program. The primary objective of the investigation was to generate a broad database, which enables the development of an advanced simulation module for urban drainage modelling. Over 160 field and lab scale experiments have been completed and analyzed for surface runoff and infiltration characteristics. The test series include several pavement types under various boundary conditions such as diverse precipitation impacts, varying surface slope and layer construction as well as different stages of surface clogging and several base and subgrade layer characteristics. The results represent a reliable and comprehensive database that allows profound conclusions and substantial recommendations.
Membrane filtration for particles removal after ozonation-biofiltration
Authors: Osterhus S. , Azrague K. , Leiknes T. , Odegaard H.
Published: November 2007

With the process combination Ozonation-Biofiltration-Membranefiltration (the OBM-process) an average removal of 63% for UV-absorbance (UV254), 79% for color, and 28% for DOC was obtained treating NOM containing surface water. In this paper, focus has been made on the removal of particles after the ozonation and biofiltration treatment steps, using a submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane reactor. For this purpose the membrane performed adequately. The ultrafiltration step did not have a significant impact on the removal of color, UV254, and DOC. However, the SS and the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) was almost completely removed, and the turbidity was reduced by 65% by the membrane filtration, even at very high fluxes. Fouling occurred during operation, and operational factors of both the ozonation/biofiltration and the membrane reactor were important for controlling this. The experiments at pH 6.5 gave a higher permanent fouling than at pH 8.5, which was caused by the different oxidation pathways and consequently by the change in size and hydrophobicity of the by-products. On the other hand, the reversible fouling was less important at low pH. The mechanical cleaning was efficient, however, it seemed that the air scouring participated to the formation of submicron particles which favored the fouling.
The European eLearning Programme(s): Between rhetoric and reality
Authors: Salajan Florin D.
Published: November 2007

This article presents the findings of a qualitative study conducted by the author on the implications of e-learning programmes for the higher education systems of the member states of the European Union. The study takes a look behind the scenes of the eLearning Programme and other e-learning actions within other European programmes by tapping into the perceptions of academics at universities in the European Union (in three principal countries — Germany, Portugal and Sweden — and six secondary countries — Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom) who have participated in or have knowledge of the logistical and administrative burdens of European e-learning projects. Through a series of in-depth open-ended interviews conducted on location, via the telephone or over the Internet, the study investigates the interactions of academics and researchers with the European-funded programmes in e-learning. Several interviews with members of the European Commission offer an inside look at the dynamics of the programmes and confer a ‘humanistic’ perspective to the stern letter of the legal documentation. The personal accounts are used to build a ‘composite picture’ of common themes related to the processes involved in developing and conducting e-learning projects under the eLearning Programme and other European programmes, shedding new light on the levels of initiative that go into the actual preparation of e-learning projects.
From Pedagogik to Educational Sciences? Higher Education Reform, Institutional Settings and the Formation of the Discipline of Educational Science in Sweden
Authors: Sundberg Daniel
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this article is to address the question of Pedagogik as an academic discipline in Sweden based on a social study of the science's point of departure. The philosophical and epistemological issues which constitute the conceptual questions about the nature and content of educational science are, although crucial, peripheral to this article. The article is concerned with the general consequences of the formation of the discipline due to ongoing changes and reforms in Swedish higher education. Text analysis of self-evaluations of education departments in Sweden provide the material for a critical examination of the changing institutional settings for educational sciences. Three general tension fields are highlighted in the ongoing formation of the discipline: Pedagogik as a discipline opposing segmentation and professional specialisation, Pedagogik in relation to other disciplines/subjects in the university system, and the pragmatic specialisation of professional knowledge. The ‘boundary work’ of the education departments in the positions they take in these tension fields is highlighted and analysed. Studying discipline formation processes can serve, in this regard, to deepen the reflexive self-understanding of the producers and users of educational knowledge. The article concludes with some outlines for further empirical research on the formation of the discipline of Swedish Pedagogik.
Upper integral and its geometric meaning
Authors: Bukac Josef
Published: November 2007

The Hahn definition of the integral is recalled, the requirement of measurability of the integrand omitted. Both the upper and lower integrals comply with this definition and so does any measurable function between them.

The outer product measure of the hypograph of a nonnegative bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the upper integral which is equal to one of the Fan integrals. The outer measure of the graph of a bounded nonmeasurable function is equal to the difference between the upper and lower integrals.

A norm for not necessarily measurable functions is defined with the upper integral. The linear space with this norm is complete. The convergence in this space implies the convergence in outer measure. The distance as an outer measure of the symmetric difference of two sets gives us a complete metric space of classes of subsets.
On some properties of orientation-preserving surjections on the circle
Authors: Solarz Paweł
Published: November 2007

Some properties of orientation-preserving surjections with nonempty set of periodic points are studied. In particular, orientation-preserving homeomorphisms of the whole circle S
1 are considered.
Remarks on the order for quantum observables
Authors: Pulmannová S. , Vinceková E.
Published: November 2007

Relations between generalized effect algebras and the sets of classical and quantum observables endowed with an ordering recently introduced in [GUDDER, S.: An order for quantum observables, Math. Slovaca 56 (2006), 573–589] are studied. In the classical case, a generalized OMP, while in the quantum case a weak generalized OMP is obtained. Existence of infima for arbitrary sets and suprema for above bounded sets in the quantum case is shown. Compatibility in the sense of Mackey is characterized.
On Cartographic Vexillology
Authors: Whyte Brendan
Published: November 2007

Examining current and recent examples of the use of cartographic emblems on flags, this article explores the vexillological use of realistic and abstract representations of geographic spaces and proposes reasons for the infrequent use of such charges.
Boston Institute of Contemporary Art
Authors: Merkel Jayne
Published: November 2007

Perched on the edge of a wharf overlooking downtown Boston, Diller Scofidio + Renfro's new Institute of Contemporary Art takes advantage of its strange dramatic site, providing useful, unusually provocative spaces for the various arts it was built to house. While it is not surprising that Diller and Scofidio, who are artists themselves, were able to accommodate the complex programme imaginatively, their new firm's handling of the site in their first freestanding American building is impressive indeed. Jayne Merkel explains how the interiors are individualised and energised by the embrace of the harbour in a scheme that minimises the location's drawbacks and turns a visit into an art experience in its own right. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of the New Tetrameric Magnesium Imide Compound [(thf)MgNSiPh3]4
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: November 2007

Reaction between di‐n‐butylmagnesium and the primary amine H2NSiPh3 affords the tetrameric magnesium imide [(thf)MgNSiPh3]4, representing the first example of a structurally characterized magnesium imide in which the group attached to the nitrogen is not aryl. The four Mg and N atoms are arranged in the form of a distorted heterocubane unit. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Isofusidienols: Novel Chromone‐3‐oxepines Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Chalara sp.
Authors: Lösgen Sandra , Magull Jörg , Schulz Barbara , Draeger Siegfried , Zeeck Axel
Published: November 2007

Four novel metabolites, named isofusidienol A, B, C, and D (1–4), were produced by cultures of Chalara sp. (strain 6661), an endophytic fungus isolated from Artemisia vulgaris. The unprecedented chromone‐3‐oxepine structure of the compounds was established by detailed spectroscopic analysis and in the case of isofusidienol A (1) verified by an X‐ray analysis. Additionally, two xanthones, known 5 and its 8‐chloro derivative 6, were isolated. Presumably, 5 is the biosynthetic precursor of the isofusidienols. The isofusidienols exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans and antibacterial activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis could be achieved with less than 0.625 μg of 1 on 6‐mm filter disks in plate diffusion assays. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
2,6‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Tandem Cross‐Metathesis/Iodocyclisation
Authors: Hiebel Marie‐Aude , Pelotier Béatrice , Goekjian Peter , Piva Olivier
Published: November 2007

A new approach to 2,6‐disubstituted tetrahydropyrans by a tandem cross‐metathesis/iodocyclisation reaction has been developed. The stereochemical outcome of the cyclisation reactions has been studied for different substrates. This sequence has allowed the preparation of a series of cis‐ and trans‐2,6‐disubstituted analogues of the tetrahydropyran subunit of bistramide A.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Evaluators' descriptions of process use: An exploratory study
Authors: Harnar Michael A. , Preskill Hallie
Published: November 2007

This chapter describes the results of an exploratory study that sought to understand what U.S. American Evaluation Association members think process use looks like in practice.
Rosie the riveter: A training perspective
Authors: Kopp David M.
Published: November 2007

Explored here are the training considerations for Rosie the Riveter, the fictional female icon created by the U.S. government as propaganda to draw women to working for the war industries. An observation is that “ordinary” training processes can be tethered to what we in the present day would now consider extraordinary contexts. Specifically, whether sexist ephemera or fervid fundamentalist movements training has borne witness to or aided and abetted human events both in triumph and in ignominy.
Multiple mechanisms are involved in 6‐gingerol‐induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lee Seong‐Ho , Cekanova Maria , Baek Seung Joon
Published: November 2007

6‐Gingerol, a natural product of ginger, has been known to possess anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐apoptotic activities. However, the mechanisms by which it prevents cancer are not well understood in human colorectal cancer. Cyclin D1 is a proto‐oncogene that is overexpressed in many cancers and plays a role in cell proliferation through activation by β‐catenin signaling. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐activated gene‐1 (NAG‐1) is a cytokine associated with pro‐apoptotic and anti‐tumorigenic properties. In the present study, we examined whether 6‐gingerol influences cyclin D1 and NAG‐1 expression and determined the mechanisms by which 6‐gingerol affects the growth of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. 6‐Gingerol treatment suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, 6‐gingerol suppressed cyclin D1 expression and induced NAG‐1 expression. Cyclin D1 suppression was related to inhibition of β‐catenin translocation and cyclin D1 proteolysis. Furthermore, experiments using inhibitors and siRNA transfection confirm the involvement of the PKCε and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β pathways in 6‐gingerol‐induced NAG‐1 expression. The results suggest that 6‐gingerol stimulates apoptosis through upregulation of NAG‐1 and G1 cell cycle arrest through downregulation of cyclin D1. Multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in 6‐gingerol action, including protein degradation as well as β‐catenin, PKCε, and GSK‐3β pathways. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel synthetic triterpenoid methyl 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐Oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐Oate induces apoptosis through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Rabi Thangaiyan , Banerjee Sipra
Published: November 2007

Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women and is the leading cause of cancer‐related death for women. Therefore, new agents targeting prevention and treatment of breast cancer are urgently needed. The present study first investigates that a novel triterpenoid Methyl 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐oate (AMR‐Me) derived from 25‐Hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (AMR) is a potent inhibitor of cell growth by inducing human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells to undergo apoptosis. AMR‐Me induced DNA fragmentation and PARP degradation which were preceded by changing Bax/Bcl‐2 ratios, cytochrome c release, and subsequent induction of pro‐caspase‐9 and ‐7 processing in breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells, but it did not act on Fas/Fas ligand pathways and the activation of caspase‐8, suggesting AMR‐Me triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The general caspase blocking peptide VAD partially blocked AMR‐Me induced apoptosis. AMR‐Me stimulated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation during apoptosis. SP600125, a specific inhibitor for JNK and SB203580, a p38 MAPK‐specific inhibitor suppressed AMR‐Me induced apoptosis indicating that activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs involved in the mitochondrial activation‐mediated cell death pathway. Our results suggest that AMR‐Me can utilize two different MAPK signaling pathways for amplifying the apoptosis cascade, is critical for both our understanding of cell death events and development of cancer preventive/therapeutic agents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted facile synthesis of liquid crystalline non‐symmetrical hexaalkoxytriphenylenes containing a branched chain and their characterization
Authors: Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Kumar Sandeep
Published: November 2007

Two novel series of liquid crystalline non‐symmetrical hexaalkoxytriphenylenes containing a branched alkyl chain have been prepared using microwave dielectric heating. Series 1 contains 2‐ethyl hexyloxy group as the branched chain whereas series 2 contains 3,7‐dimethyl octyloxy as the branched chain along with five normal alkoxy chains. The number of carbon atoms varies from four to eight in the normal alkoxy chains. Mesophase behaviour of the compounds has been characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and mesophase structure has been characterized by X‐ray diffractometry. All the compounds show enantiotropic mesophase transitions with columnar hexagonal structure. In series 1 (4a–e) the mesophase range and transition temperatures of all the compounds are lowered as compared to the parent compounds whereas in series 2 (5a–e) the transition temperatures of all the compounds are lowered, mesophase range for lower members are decreased, however, higher members show more mesophase stability. Both melting and clearing temperatures of series 2 (5a–e) show strong odd–even effect. The intercolumnar distance increases as expected for compounds of both the series with increase in alkyl chain length with some degree of interdigitation of the alkyl chains. The intercolumnar distances for the compounds of the series 2 are slightly higher than the compounds of the series 1. Compound 4c displays homeotropic alignment without using any special technique for alignment of the columnar phase or application of any external force. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative, spatial resolution of the epigenetic field effect in prostate cancer
Authors: Mehrotra Jyoti , Varde Shobha , Wang Haiying , Chiu Hsiling , Vargo Janet , Gray Karen , Nagle Raymond B. , Neri Jaclyn R. , Mazumder Abhijit
Published: November 2007

BACKGROUND

Although a field effect in which transformed cells extend beyond morphologically evident tumor has been proposed in cancer, little direct evidence exists as to its magnitude and spatial resolution. We tested this hypothesis using molecular techniques to detect epigenetic changes in the primary tumor and surrounding tissues.

METHODS

Ex vivo core biopsies, each spaced approximately 1 mm apart, were generated from 37 unique prostatectomy samples. The first core biopsy was confirmed to be histologically positive for cancer, and the subsequent biopsies were confirmed to be histologically negative. The methylation ratio of GSTP1, APC, RARβ2, and RASSF1A were measured for all of the 159 cores.

RESULTS

No field effect, defined as absence of epigenetically transformed cells, for GSTP1 was observed whereas APC, RARβ2, and RASSF1A showed a field effect up to 3 mm from the malignant core in three prostatectomy samples. Furthermore, for each case, different patterns of the field effect were observed. The field effect appeared most pronounced with RARβ2. In 11 prostatectomy samples in which a second focus of cancer was identified, cells harboring RARβ2 methylation extended a large distance away from the primary tumor in one sample. Bisulfite sequencing of RARβ2 confirmed the presence of epigenetic aberrations.

CONCLUSIONS

This study quantifies previous observations of methylation in histologically negative samples and provides important assessment of field effects based on epigenetic events in cancer. These molecular approaches set the stage for consideration of such data in prospective trials for assessment of surgical margins and prediction of recurrence. Prostate 68: 152–160, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Œdema of the Eyelid in Acute Mastoiditis: Report of a Case
Authors: Asherson N.
Published: November 2007

Œdema of the eyelid under certain circumstance may indicate an inflammatory exudate arising from the mastoid that has not yet perforated the temporal fascia; or a zygomatic mastoiditis.
Carcinoma of the Right Bronchus
Authors: Neville Thacker
Published: November 2007

Malignant tumours of the bronchus were not recognised till comparatively recently. Adler, in 1912, is said to have been the first to report such a tumour. The great majority of new growths of the lung originate in the bronchi and subsequently invade the lung tissue. Primary carcinoma of the lung is not as rare as it used to be, for formerly it was said to occur in less than 1 per cent, of all primary carcinomas; but statistics from Hamburg and Leipzig reveal at times an incidence as high as 9-4 per cent, to 15-5 per cent., whilst Vinson, Moersch, and Kirklin have diagnosed Tj cases of primary carcinoma of the lung between 1925 and 1928, and Macrae, Funk and Jackson observed 13 cases and mentioned 128 cases reported by other authors.
Arterio-venous fistula of the ear
Authors: Mukherjee D. K. , Okeowo P.
Published: November 2007

A CASE of congenital arterio-venous fistula involving the external ear in a 33-year-old female patient is described in this paper. She presented to the hospital with severe haemorrhage from the swelling over the ear necessitating immediate admission into hospital and transfusion of whole blood. The treatment of the case is described in detail. She is alive and well 3 years after her definitive treatment.
Sjögren's syndrome involing the larynx: report of a case
Authors: Barrs David M. , McDonald Thomas J. , Duffy Joseph
Published: November 2007

Synopsis-Abstract

SJÖGREN's syndrome is a presumably autoimmune disease with parthologic findings of lymphocytic infiltration of the involved structures. Although the salivary and lacrimal gl ands are the most commonly involved sites, extragl andular lymphoproliferation also occurs. Upper and lower respiratory tract lymphoproliferation is known, but only one case of Sjögren's disease of the larynx has been previously reported. We present a case of laryngeal involvement in which the gross pathologic appearance is different from that in the earlier case report. The otolaryngologist should consider Sjögren's disease in the differential diagnosis of diffuse laryngeal lesions.
Technique in electronystagmography
Authors: Hickson F. S.
Published: November 2007

Pitfalls in the interpretation of electronystagmographic traces may be avoided by the reduction of artefacts in recording. These artefacts are often the result of poor physical conditions and lack of patient cooperation during recording. This paper examines technique in the clinical practice of eletronystagmography and suggests methods of minimising some of these recording artefacts.
Healing and hearing in uncomplicated myringoplasty
Authors: Mendel L. , Kuylenstierna R.
Published: November 2007

In closing an uncomplicated central drum defect the technique known as an ‘underlay’is widely used. This method has certain advantages and yields good results as far as both healing and hearing are concerned. In an attempt further to improve reults the authors give an account of a series of myringoplasties and specifically discuss the unsuccessful cases. By a slight alteration in the operative technique used in the series presented, the authors believe that some failures can be avoided.
Combined pre-operative telecobalt therapy and supraglottic laryngectomy
Authors: Sellars S. L. , Mills E. E. D. , Seid A. B.
Published: November 2007

At Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, over a 5-year period (1974 to 1978) 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx have had planned 2,000 Rad Telecobalt therapy followed by supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. Five patients following surgery had a further 3,600–4,000 Rad Telecobalt therapy.

The peri-operative complications, in addition to those of whole organ resection, included debilitating laryngeal incompetence in three patients, two of whom underwent total laryngectomy. All 15 patients have remained free of recurrent disease for 2 years and 10 have been free for 3 or more years. One patient dies 4 years after surgery from a primary bronchial carcinoma.
Glomus jugulare tumours—combined treatment: Part I
Authors: Gardner Gale , Cocke Edwin W. , Robertson James T. , Trumbull Martin L. , Palmer Robert E.
Published: November 2007

Total en bloc removal is the ideal surgical treatment for glomus jugulare tumours. Efforts to accomplish this have been made periodically since shortly after this tumour was first identified in the early 1940s. A method of removal using a combined approach through the neck and temporal bone is described here. This method is preceded by pre-operative irradiation therapy and on occasion by embolization. The early results obtained using this method in 19 patients are reported.
Lipoma of the larynx imaged by conventional radiographic methods
Authors: O'Callaghan John P. , Emko Precha , Perl Theodore
Published: November 2007

Benign tumors of the larynx are rare lesions and seldom encountered by radiologists. They usually are small, most commonly being diagnosed by indirect or direct laryngoscopy. A case of a large benign lipoma arising from the larynx which was visualized radiographically is described. A definitive diagnosis, however, was only possible following surgical excision of the lesion.
What's best in myringoplasty: underlay or overlay, dura or fascia?
Authors: Packer P. , Mackendrick A. , Solar M.
Published: November 2007

Results of 1065 operations (604 myringoplasties‡ and 461 tympanoplasties §) performed by a single surgeon using either underlay homograft dura, underlay autograft temporalis fascia or overlay autograft temporalis fascia are compared.

Pre-operative and operative conditions are analysed to determine which of these influence results.
Bilateral transitional-type inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Chatterji P. , Friedmann I. , Soni N. K. , Solanki R. L. , Ramdeo I. N.
Published: November 2007

An uncommon bilateral transitional-type inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is presented, and the salient features of the lesion are discussed. The patient is well and without any signs of recurrence in either side of the nose more than two years after the first diagnosis and complete surgical excision of both tumours.

Commonly unilateral, this tumour may occasionally be bilateral. In the present communication an uncommon case of bilateral inverted transitional-type papilloma, with a long history of allergy, is described with some comments on its pathogenesis.
Post-Operative cholesteateatomas and retraction pockets after obliterative surgery in ears without cholesteatoma
Authors: Ojala K. , Sorri M. , Sipilä P. , Palva A.
Published: November 2007

The frequency of post-operative cholesteatomas, epidermizations and retraction pockets in a series of 343 chronically infected ears (315 patients) without cholesteatoma at primary surgery was evaluated. The ears were operated on radically, exclusively by the Palva method, with removal of the bridge in 248 ears and preservation of it in 95 ears. Musculo-periosteal obliteration and seclusion of the aditus were performed in every case with a Palva flap and with a temporalis muscle-fascia graft. The primary operations took place over the period 1964–1972, and all the ears without cholesteatoma at primary surgery were included; they were followed up annually. The evaluation of this material was carried out in 1976–1979 and the follow-up time was on an average of 8.5 years (5–15 years).

Cholesteatoma was found in six (6/343; 1.7 per cent), epidermization of the tympanum in four (4/343; 1.2 per cent), and retraction pockets without cholesteatoma in six (6/343; 1.7 per cent) of the ears. Preservation or removal of the bridge at operation did not cause any significant difference in the frequency of the post-operative complications mentioned (p > 0 05). Most of the complications were discovered after the first postoperative year.
Some unusual cures of deafness
Authors: Markides Andreas
Published: November 2007

This paper describes some unusual cures of ‘deafness and dumbness’ which have been used from ancient times down to the end of the seventeenth century. The cures described are presented in relation to the basic philosophical and religious beliefs regarding the causation of deafness as they existed first, during the Greco-Roman period; and secondly, during the Byzantine and Medieval periods. The influence of the rise and spread of Christianity on the medical treatment of deafness is also considered.
Fluctuating hearing loss in West African and West Indian racial groups: yaws, syphilis or Menière's disease?
Authors: Black R. J. , Gibson W. P. R. , Capper J. W. R.
Published: November 2007

Four cases of fluctuating hearing loss in West African and West Indian racial groups are presented. Two are Menière's disease, and the authors are unaware of any report in English publications describing Menière's disease in these racial groups. One is late syphilitic hearing loss and the other is idiopathic. The possible role of yaws is presented and long-held beliefs questioned.
Otitis media with effusion in children and its association with deformity of the vomero-ethmoid suture
Authors: McNicoll W. D.
Published: November 2007

Fifty children aged between five and eight years of age who have had proven otitis media with effusion have been retrospectively assessed. Twenty-five children who had attended the Casualty Department with head injuries, who have had X-radiography of their skulls as part of their investigation, acted as controls. All the children in this group were selected because they had no otological history.

The 50 Children comprising the retrospective survey were split into two groups: Group 1, with recurrent secretory otitis media requiring surgical intervention on more than three occasions; Group 2, comprising 25 children who had had up to three surgical interventions.

All the children had PA X-radiography of their skulls in order to demonstrate the bony nasal septum. In Group 1, a septal deformity was found to be sited at the middle third of the bony septum at the vomero-ethmoid suture. In Group 2, the deformity was found to involve the whole of the middle third of the bony septum, plus portions of the upper and lower thirds of the bony septum.

In the control group, in whom there was no history of otological disease, there was no deformity sited at the middle third of the bony septum.
Post-operative roentgenological findings and changes after mastoid obliteration
Authors: Ojala Kauko , Lahti Reijo , Palva Antti , Sorri Martti
Published: November 2007

This study consisted of the evaluation of the plain X-ray findings of films taken at early follow-up (mean 1.5 months after surgery) and at late follow-up(4–14 years after the early films) of 211 ears which had been operated on radically and obliterated. Residual cells which were detected on the basis of the early films were associated with a more frequent occurrence of post-operative infection and were thus hallmarks of a poorer prognosis. Changes in the bone surrounding the surgical cavity and the radiological quality of the walls of the surgical cavity, the presence of new bone formation in the cavity and other radiological features did not yield useful information about post-operative complications. New bone formation was associated with a smaller amount of post-operative cavitation. Post-operative X-ray examination of the obliterated ear is a prognostically useful examination, but it does not significantly contribute further to the information available by clinical and otomicroscopic examination in regards to the complications of infection and cholesteatoma.
Histological findings following oestrogen treatment of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Vase P. , Lorentzen M.
Published: November 2007

In a controlled investigation of 22 patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, an evaluation has been carried out of the connective tissue content of muco-substances prior to and after treatment with oral oestrogen (oestradiol valerate 4 mg. daily). The clinical condition of the patients, all of whom had haemorrhagic anaemia, was evaluated by the frequency of epistaxis and by blood analyses. No effect of treatment could be demonstrated by means of histochemical, clinical or laboratory methods.
Intact bridge tympanomastoidectomy (I.B.M.)—combining essential features of open vs. closed procedures
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Jung Timothy T. K.
Published: November 2007

In recent years, closed cavity intact wall tympanomastoidectomy or combined approached tympanoplasty—(CAT)—has been described and recommended by many. The pendulum now appears to be swinging back again to open cavity tympanomastoidectomy. Pertinent literature in this regard is reviewed. In all patients with chronic otitis media and mastoiditis with intractable tissue pathology, the primary objective is total eradication of disease with the achievement of a dry safe ear while a concomitant but secondary objective is hearing retention and restoration utilizing tympanoplasty techniques. Over a three-and-a-half year period we have utilized a one-stage procedure which provides the desirable objectives of both open and closed cavity tympanomastoidectomy called intact bridge tympanomastoidectomy (I.B.M.). The salient features include: (1) good exposure, as in open cavity tympanomastoidectomy; (2) maintaining and widening the middle-ear space by bony bridge retention and facial buttress sculpturing, to enhance grafting and ossiculoplasty such as TORP or PORP, as in canal up tympanomastoidectomy; (3) enhancement of mastoid obliteration for large cavities, by blocking the aditus with bone pate or cartilage and by providing a separation between middle ear and mastoid. Specific methods, techniques and results are presented and discussed. The results have been gratifying to date. In comparison to intact wall tympanomastoidectomy, this one-stage operation avoids the cost and discomfort of a second and sometimes third stage; surgery for recurrent pathology has been avoided and hearing results have been at least comparable if not improved.
Melanotic neuro-ectodermal tumour of infancy
Authors: McCormick M. V. , Hogg D. S. , Chrystal V. , Cook M. R. B.
Published: November 2007

A case of melanotic neuro-ectodermal tumour of infancy (retinal anlage tumour, melanotic ameloblastoma) is described. Although a well recognized entity, the biological origin of this tumour is still disputed.

A confusing array of names has been awarded to this tumour which characteristically occurs in infants under one year of age, commonly arising from the maxilla but also from the mandible, frontal bone, mediastinum, shoulder and cerebellum.

While the origin of the tumour remains unclear, the ultra-structural evidence of Haywood et al. (1969) supports a neural crest origin. Consistent with this are the findings by Borello and Gorlin (1966) of high urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion in one case and the correlation of tumour enzyme patterns with those of paragangliomas, neuroblastomas and phaeochromocytomas.
New clinical applications of the stapedial reflex
Authors: Laurian N. , Laurian L. , Sadov R. , Strauss M. , Kalmanovitz M.
Published: November 2007

Stapedial reflex data were obtained from 11 myasthenic, 18 hyperthyroid and six hypothyroid patients. Data were studied with respect to reflex threshold, amplitude and decay. Elevated threshold, decreased amplitude, and high and low frequency reflex decay were observed in myasthenic and hyperthyroid patients. Hypothyroidism merely increases stapedial reflex amplitude but causes no significant threshold or decay changes.
Phonocephalography: a non-invasive diagnostic technique
Authors: Tewfik Sayed
Published: November 2007

Phonocephalography is the amplification and recording of sounds from the surface and cavities of the head. It is on trial for a simple, passive non-invasive diagnostic technique in tinnitus and intracranial angiology. This article presents the recordings of normal phonocephalography, i.e. the recording of normal sounds in the head.
The radionuclide diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of malignant external otitis (MEO)
Authors: Garty I. , Rosen G. , Holdstein Y.
Published: November 2007

A patient suffering from malignant external otitis (MEO) underwent early blood pool scanning followed after 2 hours by 99m To MDP bone scanning, and serial Ga-67 citrate scintigraphies of the skull. The former two procedures served as a diagnostic tool to MEO. The latter was used for estimating the extent of the infective process, and for following-up the efficacy of treatment.

The complementary role of these three procedures in the diagnosis, and follow-up of MEO, with special emphasis on immediate blood pool scanning as part of the diagnostic procedure, is illustrated.
Autologous fitted incus versus PlastiporeTM PORP in ossicular cgain reconstruction
Authors: Sanna M. , Gamoletti R. , Scandellari R. , Delogu P. , Magnani M. , Zini C.
Published: November 2007

Hearing results and causes of failure with three types of ossicular reconstruction techniques over an infact stapes, during second-stage intact canal wall tympanoplasty, are reporte herein.

The three types of reconstruction are: fitted autologous incuc (38 cases): PlastiporeTM PORP with cartilage (41 cases): PlastiporeTM PORP without cartilage (32 cases).

A residual air-bone gap within 15 dB. was found in 63.2 per cent of fitted incudes, in 41.5 per cent of PORPs with cartilage, and in only 37 per cent of PORPs without cartilage.

Eighty-four per cent fitted incudes, 63 per cent PORPs with cartilage and 44 per cent PORPs without cartilage yielded a residual air-bone gap within 25 dB.

Extrusion has been the main cause of failure among PlastiporeTM prostheses.
The value of X-ray examination of the paranasal sinuses after epistaxis
Authors: Vimpel Tom , Felding Jens Ulrijk , Bonding Per
Published: November 2007

In a number of Danish ENT departments, X-ray examination of the paranasal sinuses has been a routine procedure in cases of servere epistaxis of uncertain genesis two to four weeks after its treatment has been completed. The object has been to rule out cancer of the nose and/or paranasal sinsues. In the present study, the value of this procedure was assessed.