bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Μελέτη παρατήρησης του επιπλέον οφέλους του ωτοβελονισμού σε ασθενείς με γλαύκωμα
Authors: Ζησούλης Αιμίλιος
Published: September 2021

Ο βελονισμός και o ωτοβελονισμός έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για την αντιμετώπιση του γλαυκώματος. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να μελετήσουμε εάν ο ωτικός ηλεκτροβελονισμός συμβάλει στην ελάττωση της ενδοφθάλμιας πίεσης (ΕΟΠ) και στη σταθεροποίηση της νόσου. Ασθενείς και μέθοδος: Τυχαιοποιημένη μελέτη σε ασθενείς με γλαύκωμα ανοιχτής γωνίας υπό αγωγή, μετά από έγκριση της Ε. Ε. του ΠΓΝΙ και έγγραφη ενημερωμένη συναίνεση των ασθενών. Κριτήρια εισαγωγής στην έρευνα: γλαύκωμα ανοιχτής γωνίας με πίεση (IOP) >21 mmHg, τοπική αντιγλαυκωματική θεραπευτική αγωγή για τουλάχιστον 3 μήνες (latanoprost), ηλικία ασθενών >25 έτη, ενυπόγραφη συναίνεση. Κριτήρια αποκλεισμού: οφθαλμική φλεγμονή, ασθενείς με χειρουργική επέμβαση για γλαύκωμα ή διαθλαστική διόρθωση, σοβαρή οπτική νευροπάθεια, προχωρημένη απώλεια οπτικού πεδίου, αντένδειξη στη διενέργεια ωτοβελονισμού, αρτηριακή υπέρταση. Στους ασθενείς της ομάδας Α προστέθηκαν επιπλέον σταγόνες δορζολαμίδης – τιμολόλης, στην ομάδα Β εφαρμόστηκε ωτικός ηλεκτροβελονισμός στα σημεία ήπαρ, νεφρός και οφθαλμός ανά 8 ημέρες τους 3 πρώτους μήνες και στη συνέχεια 1 φορά τον μήνα για 12 μήνες. Εκτός από τη μέτρηση της ΕΟΠ, έγιναν μετρήσεις με τη βοήθεια της Τομογραφίας Οπτικής Συνοχής πριν, 3 και 15 μήνες μετά την έναρξη της παρακολούθησης. Στατιστική: r = Pearson’s paired correlation, t=Student’s paired t-test, το, X2 =Friedman related variables, independent samples t- test και το general linear model – repeated measurements anova. Αποτελέσματα: Εξετάστηκαν 101 γλαυκωματικοί οφθαλμοί σε 60 ασθενείς, 50 στην ομάδα Α και 51 στην ομάδα Β. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στην ηλικία των ασθενών μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Κατά τη σύγκριση των ομάδων παρατηρήθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στο πάχος της αμφιβληστροειδικής στιβάδας νευρικών ινών (AvgRNFL, AvginfRNFL) και στο πάχος του συμπλέγματος γαγγλιακών κυττάρων. Στην ομάδα δορζολαμίδης – τιμολόλης παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική μείωση της ενδοφθάλμιας πίεσης στους 3 και 15 μήνες, και ήπια αύξηση από τους 3 στους 15 μήνες. Δεν παρατηρήθηκε μεταβολή στις μετρήσεις με την τομογραφία οπτικής συνοχής. Στην ομάδα ηλεκτροβελονισμού παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική μείωση της ΕΟΠ σε όλα τα σημεία μέτρησης, στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση του πάχους του συμπλέγματος γαγγλιακών στο ανώτερο και κατώτερο τμήμα (GCCsup, GCCinf) στους 15 μήνες, στατιστικά σημαντική μείωση νευροαμφιβληστοειδικού δακτυλίου (rim area) στους 3 μήνες και στατιστικά σημαντική μείωση του GLV στους 3 μήνες χωρίς περαιτέρω μεταβολή στους 15 μήνες. Συζήτηση: Τόσο οι επιπλέον σταγόνες στην αντιμετώπιση του γλαυκώματος, όπως και ο ωτικός ηλεκτροβελονισμός είχαν ως αποτέλεσμα την σταθεροποίηση της νόσου με υπεροχή της ομάδας επιπλέον φαρμάκου στην ελάττωση της ΙΟΡ. Διαφαίνεται ωστόσο μια τμηματική βελτίωση της στιβάδας γαγγλιακών κυττάρων από τους 3 έως τους 15 μήνες στους ασθενείς που έλαβαν επιπλέον ωτοβελονισμό, η οποία εικάζεται ότι παραπέμπει σε πιθανή νευροπροστασία.
Ανάλυση ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογραφήματος σε συνδυασμό με δεδομένα από φορέσιμες συσκευές για τη μελέτη νευρολογικών διαταραχών και γνωσιακών καταστάσεων
Authors: Τζημούρτα Αικατερίνη
Published: September 2021

Το ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογράφημα (ΗΕΓ) είναι το εργαλείο με το οποίο γίνεται η καταγραφή των δυναμικών του ανθρώπινου εγκεφάλου και χρησιμοποιείται για τη διάγνωση της επιληψίας και τη μελέτη της άνοιας. Τα τελευταία χρόνια πλήθος ερευνητικών ομάδων έχει στραφεί στη μελέτη των ΗΕΓ χαρακτηριστικών και στην ανάπτυξη αυτοματοποιημένων μεθοδολογιών, για την υποστήριξη του κλινικού έργου των νευρολόγων στη μελέτη των νευρολογικών παθήσεων. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη καινοτόμων μεθοδολογιών ανάλυσης του ΗΕΓ για την αποσαφήνιση της επιληψίας και της Νόσου Αλτσχάιμερ (Alzheimer’s Disease – AD), που πλήττουν μεγάλο μέρος του παγκόσμιου πληθυσμού. Στα πλαίσια αυτά, αρχικά γίνεται συστηματική μελέτη των τεχνικών επεξεργασίας σήματος που εφαρμόζονται στην ανίχνευση των επιληπτικών κρίσεων και στη μελέτη της AD, τόσο για την ανίχνευση της ασθένειας όσο και για τη μελέτη της συσχέτισης της γνωσιακής έκπτωσης με ποσοτικά ΗΕΓ χαρακτηριστικά. H συστηματική ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας γίνεται σύμφωνα με το πρότυπο της έγκριτης τεχνικής PRISMA για τη συλλογή, την αξιολόγηση και τη μελέτη των ερευνητικών εργασιών. Συγκεκριμένα, για τη μελέτη της AD, αναπτύσσονται και παρουσιάζονται δύο μεθοδολογίες οι οποίες εφαρμόζονται σε πρωτότυπες κλινικές καταγραφές, που συλλέχθηκαν από 24 άτομα σε ήπιο και μέτριο στάδιο της νόσου. Στη μεθοδολογία ταξινόμησης μελετάται ένα νέο σύνολο ΗΕΓ χαρακτηριστικών γραμμικών και μη γραμμικών χαρακτηριστικών που εκπαιδεύει ένα μοντέλο ταξινόμησης Τυχαίων Δασών και εμφανίζει συγκρίσιμα αποτελέσματα ταξινόμησης με εμφανή υπεροχή σε συγκεκριμένα προβλήματα συγκριτικά με άλλες προτεινόμενες εργασίες της βιβλιογραφίας. Παράλληλα, παρουσιάζεται μια μεθοδολογία Πολλαπλής Γραμμικής Παλινδρόμησης με στόχο τη συσχέτιση ενός γνωσιακού δείκτη που εκτιμά τη σοβαρότητας τη AD με ποσοτικά ΗΕΓ χαρακτηριστικά. Για τη μελέτη της επιληψίας, αναπτύσσεται μια καινοτόμος, εύρωστη μεθοδολογία για τον αυτόματο εντοπισμό των επιληπτικών κρίσεων, η οποία εφαρμόζεται σε δύο βάσεις ΗΕΓ καταγραφών που είναι ανοιχτά προσβάσιμες. Η μεθοδολογία εξάγει συχνοτικά και μη συχνοτικά ΗΕΓ χαρακτηριστικά για την εκπαίδευση ενός μοντέλου ταξινόμησης Τυχαίων Δασών. Αποτελέσματα της μεθοδολογίας εμφανίζουν καλύτερα ποσοστά ταξινόμησης συγκριτικά με προηγούμενες πειραματικές μελέτες που έχουν εφαρμοστεί στις δύο υπάρχουσες βάσεις επιληπτικών ΗΕΓ δεδομένων.
Measuring star-formation rates in galaxies and their correlation with X-ray emission
Authors: Κουρουμπατζάκης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: September 2021

Παρουσιάζουμε μια εκτεταμένη μελέτη δεικτών ρυθμού αστρογένεσης (ΡΑ) γαλαξιών και αστρικών πληθυσμών (ΑΠ), εστιάζοντας στην γραμμή εκπομπής υδρογόνου α (Ηα) και την σύγκριση του με άλλους δείκτες ΡΑ. Παρουσιάζουμε φωτομετρία στην φασματική γραμμή Ηα για το αντιπροσωπευτικό δείγμα γαλαξιών Star Formation Reference Survey (SFRS) του τοπικού Σύμπαντος. Διερευνούμε το αποτέλεσμα της διόρθωσης της απόσβεσης μέσω της μείωσης Balmer, της περίσσειας υπερύθρου (IR excess), και φασματικών κατανομών ενέργειας (spectral energy distributions, SED). Επίσης διερευνούμε το αποτέλεσμα της συνεισφοράς της εκπομπής των γραμμών του αζώτου [N II] στις μετρήσεις της λαμπρότητας της γραμμής Ηα μέσω απεικόνισης με φίλτρα μικρού φασματικού εύρους. Επίσης ποσοτικοποιούμε την συσχέτιση μεταξύ απόσβεσης και μεταλλικότητας των γαλαξιών. Για ένα δείγμα του SFRS με καλής ποιότητας δεδομένα ακτίνων Χ (Chandra) διερευνούμε σε υπό-γαλαξιακές κλίμακες την συσχέτιση μεταξύ της φωτεινότητας ακτίνων Χ (ΦΧ) από υψηλής μάζας δυαδικά συστήματα αστέρων ακτίνων Χ (HMXBs) και ΡΑ. Βρίσκουμε συμφωνία με υπάρχουσες μελέτες ΦΧ-ΡΑ για log ΡΑ μέχρι −3 M/yr και περίσσεια ΦΧ για ΑΠ με μικρότερους ΡΑ. Η περίσσεια αυτή πιθανότατα προκαλείται από ένα πληθυσμό δυαδικών συστημάτων αστέρων χαμηλής μάζας ακτίνων Χ (LMXBs). Οι ΡΑ μέσω Ηα έχουν την καλύτερη συσχέτιση με ΦΧ καθώς η εκπομπή Ηα προέρχεται απο ΑΠ με ηλικίες παραπλήσιες με τα HMXBs. Προκειμένου να μελετήσουμε την επίδραση της μεταλλικότητας στην συσχέτιση ΦΧ-ΡΑ παρουσιάζουμε μια συστηματική μελέτη των διαφοροποιήσεων της μεταλλικότητας και της ΦΧ εντός του δακτυλιοειδή γαλαξία NGC 922. Βρίσκουμε πως η μεταλλικότητα του δακτυλίου του NGC 922 είναι πολύ χαμηλότερη ([12 + log(O/H)]=8.2) σε σύγκριση με αυτή του πυρήνα. Βρίσκουμε πως υπάρχει μια αντισυσχέτιση μεταξύ της ΦΧ και της μεταλλικότητας στον γαλαξία NGC 922. Οι διάφορες υπογαλαξιακές περιοχές έχουν ΑΠ παραπλήσιας ηλικίας και έτσι η διαφορετική μεταλλικότητα των περιοχών αυτών είναι ο κύριος λόγος για αυτήν την αντισυσχέτιση.
Διεθνής πολιτική και διακυβερνητικοί θεσμοί
Authors: Βασιλειάδης Ηλίας
Published: September 2021

Η διατριβή έχει ως θέμα τη μελέτη των διεθνικών φαινομένων. Συγκεκριμένα, επιδιώκει να εξηγήσει και να αναλύσει την εμφάνιση, την ανάπτυξη και τις συνέπειες των φαινομένων αυτών στο διεθνές σύστημα. Η έρευνα έχει ως σημείο αναφοράς τις διεθνείς σχέσεις και ειδικότερα τη διεθνή πολιτική, όπως αυτή εκδηλώνεται στο διεθνές σύστημα. Συνακόλουθα, περιλαμβάνει και τη λειτουργία των διακυβερνητικών θεσμών στον διεθνή χώρο. Ως βασική περίπτωση προς ανάλυση τίθεται το διεθνικό οργανωμένο έγκλημα. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στον εντοπισμό και την εξήγηση των τρόπων με τους οποίους ένα διεθνικό φαινόμενο όπως το οργανωμένο έγκλημα εμφανίζεται και αναπτύσσεται στο διεθνές σύστημα, συνδέεται με τα κράτη και τους διεθνείς θεσμούς και προκαλεί ορισμένες συνέπειες. Η έμφαση δίνεται στην αναζήτηση αιτιωδών σχέσεων, δηλαδή των διαδικασιών εκείνων που μπορούν να καταδείξουν πώς από συγκεκριμένες αιτίες προκύπτουν συγκεκριμένα αποτελέσματα. Αυτή η αναζήτηση σχέσεων αιτίας - αποτελέσματος κατά τη μελέτη ενός διεθνικού φαινομένου, αποσκοπεί στο να οδηγήσει στη θετική συμβολή της έρευνας στον χώρο του διεθνολογικού προβληματισμού, τόσο από θεωρητική όσο και από πρακτική σκοπιά. Για την επίτευξη του σκοπού αυτού επιλέγεται η περιπτωσιολογική διερεύνηση μίας σημαντικής έκφανσης του διεθνικού οργανωμένου εγκλήματος, αυτή της παράνομης διακίνησης ανθρώπων από το βαλκανικό και το τουρκικό οργανωμένο έγκλημα κατά τη χρονική περίοδο από το 1990 και μετά, η οποία σχετίζεται άμεσα με την ευρύτερη περιοχή των Βαλκανίων και της Εγγύς Ανατολής.
Η οργανωσιακή - διοικητική καθημερινότητα μιας σχολικής μονάδας της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης
Authors: Μπούτσκου Ευαγγελία
Published: September 2021

Η συγκεκριμένη συμμετοχική έρευνα δράσης ήταν μία προσπάθεια να διερευνηθεί ο τρόπος με τον οποίο διοικείται καθημερινά μία σχολική μονάδα σε συγκεκριμένο ιστορικό κοινωνικό συγκείμενο και εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο και να καταγραφούν συμπεράσματα έπειτα από τριετή επισκόπηση και έλεγχο δεδομένων και πρακτικών κατά τη διάρκεια των κύκλων και των παρεμβάσεων της έρευνας. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη σε τρεις παράλληλους κύκλους και κάθε κύκλος είχε τρεις φάσεις προκειμένου να ανιχνευθεί η φωνή των μαθητών/ριών, των γονέων και των εκπαιδευτικών και να συνυπολογιστούν στην καθημερινή σχολική λειτουργία. Η ανίχνευση των απόψεων των μαθητών/ριών για το σχολείο έγινε στον 1ο κύκλο της έρευνας δράσης και ακολούθησε τρεις φάσεις. Η ολοκλήρωση της κάθε φάσης, οδήγησε σε παιδαγωγικές και τεχνικές παρεμβάσεις και δράσεις της σχολικής ζωής και στη διερεύνηση της επόμενης φάσης. Κατά την α φάση της έρευνας δράσης διερευνήθηκαν οι απόψεις των μαθητών/ριών για τα θετικά και αρνητικά στοιχεία του σχολείου, κατά τη β φάση διερευνήθηκαν οι απόψεις τους για τις σχέσεις μεταξύ τους και με τους εκπαιδευτικούς και κατά τη διερεύνηση της γ φάσης διερευνήθηκε η ικανοποίησή τους από τη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος του δασκάλου και του μαθήματος των εικαστικών. Κατά την α φάση του 2ου κύκλου της έρευνας ανιχνεύτηκαν οι απόψεις των γονέων για την επικοινωνία τους με το σχολείο. Με αφορμή τις απαντήσεις των γονέων οι εκπαιδευτικοί προέβησαν κατά τη β φάση της έρευνας σε συγκεκριμένες δράσεις και η ερευνήτρια στην κατασκευή ενός έγκυρου και αξιόπιστου ερωτηματολογίου για την επικοινωνία των γονέων με το σχολείο το οποίο και εφαρμόστηκε πιλοτικά. Κατά τη γ φάση έγινε η εφαρμογή του ερωτηματολογίου στους γονείς του σχολείου και ο αναστοχασμός από τα συμπεράσματα. Κατά την α φάση του 3ου κύκλου ανιχνεύτηκαν οι απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών για τα θετικά και τα αρνητικά στοιχεία του σχολείου. Κατά τη β φάση του 3ου κύκλου επιχειρήθηκε να λειτουργήσει το σχολείο με τη μορφή της κατανεμημένης ηγεσίας, προκειμένου όλοι οι εκπαιδευτικοί να συμμετέχουν ενεργά στις αποφάσεις της σχολικής ζωής και αναζητήθηκε το κοινό όραμα του σχολείου, οι κοινές αξίες και η υιοθέτηση κοινών δράσεων προς αυτούς τους σκοπούς. Στη γ φάση του 3ου κύκλου διερευνήθηκε με ερωτηματολόγια εκπαιδευτικών η οργάνωση και ο συντονισμός της σχολικής ζωής καθώς και η ανάπτυξη ανθρώπινου δυναμικού. H διοίκηση της σχολικής μονάδαςήταν εξαιρετικά σύνθετη και πολύπλοκη διαδικασία σε ένα ρευστό και περίπλοκο πλαίσιο και αποτέλεσε μία πρόκληση για τους συμμετέχοντες εκπαιδευτικούς. Τα αποτελέσματα και η διαδικασία της παρούσας έρευνας μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν στο μέλλον από την ίδια ή άλλες σχολικές μονάδες προκειμένου να παραχθεί χρήσιμη γνώση για τη δημοκρατική διοικητική πρακτική, που μπορεί να φέρει αλλαγή στη σχολική ζωή.
Orthodoxy, illusio, and playing the scientific game: a Bourdieusian analysis of infection control science in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Ozbilgin Mustafa , Contandriopoulos Damien
Published: September 2021

Background:

Scientific and policy bodies’ failure to acknowledge and act on the evidence base for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a timely way is both a mystery and a scandal. In this study, we applied theories from Bourdieu to address the question, “How was a partial and partisan scientific account of SARS-CoV-2 transmission constructed and maintained, leading to widespread imposition of infection control policies which de-emphasised airborne transmission?”.

Methods:

From one international case study (the World Health Organisation) and four national ones (UK, Canada, USA and Japan), we selected a purposive sample of publicly available texts including scientific evidence summaries, guidelines, policy documents, public announcements, and social media postings. To analyse these, we applied Bourdieusian concepts of field, doxa, scientific capital, illusio, and game-playing. We explored in particular the links between scientific capital, vested interests, and policy influence.

Results:

Three fields—political, state (policy and regulatory), and scientific—were particularly relevant to our analysis. Political and policy actors at international, national, and regional level aligned—predominantly though not invariably—with medical scientific orthodoxy which promoted the droplet theory of transmission and considered aerosol transmission unproven or of doubtful relevance. This dominant scientific sub-field centred around the clinical discipline of infectious disease control, in which leading actors were hospital clinicians aligned with the evidence-based medicine movement. Aerosol scientists—typically, chemists, and engineers—representing the heterodoxy were systematically excluded from key decision-making networks and committees. Dominant discourses defined these scientists’ ideas and methodologies as weak, their empirical findings as untrustworthy or insignificant, and their contributions to debate as unhelpful.

Conclusion:

The hegemonic grip of medical infection control discourse remains strong. Exit from the pandemic depends on science and policy finding a way to renegotiate what Bourdieu called the ‘rules of the scientific game’—what counts as evidence, quality, and rigour.
Promoting wellbeing and resilience
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: September 2021

Social isolation, disruption to routine, and limited access to special education services are just some difficulties children with SEND have faced. By promoting wellbeing, practitioners can help children build the resilience they need to cope with the challenges they will encounter throughout their lives.
REVIEWS
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: September 2021

This month I had the pleasure of reviewing two brilliant practitioner books, both of which discuss their areas of focus in depth, and equally delve into detail on other aspects of practice, theory and research which influences the area in question. These books will certainly get you reflecting on and extending your practice and knowledge. Reviews by Angelica Celinska, EYE editor.
Changing plans
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: September 2021

There are many routes into the early years, but not all of these routes are originally planned into long term careers. Michelle Moore, manager at Little Angels Day Nursery and Prep School, Highbury, tells us about her unplanned journey.
Apple day
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: September 2021

The following activities are all inspired by UK Apple Day; traditionally held throughout the UK each year on the 21st October as a celebration of apples, orchards and the diversity of wildlife they support.
The Big Draw
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: September 2021

The Big Draw is a festival that runs throughout October to celebrate the power of drawing. Every man-made thing we see started as a drawing, from our houses to the clothes we wear. For children, mark making is also a way of communicating, developing their ideas and also sharing their feelings, after all, mark making is a form of self-expression.
Hooray For Pooh
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: September 2021

Winnie-the-Pooh celebrates his 95th anniversary as a favourite literary character in 2021 and gives children an exciting way to explore creative problem-solving.
Dried blood spot (DBS) testing for infants born to mothers with hepatitis B
Authors: Falconer Michelle
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis B is a vaccine preventable disease that can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure and death. Globally, the most common route of HBV acquisition is via perinatal transmission: from mother to baby at the time of birth. Pregnant women in the UK are tested for hepatitis B infection to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission by ensuring early identification, treatment and management of any pregnant women, and their unborn babies, who test positive. If infants born to women with hepatitis B infection receive post-exposure vaccination (+/− hepatitis B immunoglobulin) within the recommended timescales, 90% of them will be protected from chronic persistent infection and serious complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure and death. However, HBV infection in infants can be asymptomatic so testing them at 1 year old is essential to detect whether they are infected and require treatment. Public Health England provide a national dried blood spot (DBS) testing service for infants born to mothers with hepatitis B infection during pregnancy. Practice nurses can play a key role in this process, helping to protect infants.
Impact of Bank Stabilization Structures on Upstream and Downstream Bank Mobilization at Cedar River, Nebraska
Authors: Russell Matthew V. , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Joeckel R. Matthew , Korus Jesse T. , Castro-Bolinaga Celso F.
Published: September 2021

Highlights

Stabilization structures are only effective at stabilized segments.

Erosion increased in two of the six segments in the post-stabilization period.

Deposition decreased in all six segments in the post-stabilization period.

Jetties are effective at reducing erosion but are also prone to fail.

Abstract. The effectiveness of streambank stabilization structures is insufficiently quantified. Although such structures clearly reduce or eliminate streambank erosion at the local scale, little is known about associated effects on unstabilized reaches immediately upstream and downstream. This study measured streambank erosion and deposition in stretches of the Cedar River, 1.5 meander wavelengths upstream and downstream from 24 stabilization structures that included jetties, rock vanes, root wads, and gravel protection. We also measured erosion and deposition on the streambanks directly opposite the stabilized locations. We compared measurements from the pre-stabilization period (1993-2005) with those from the post-stabilization period (2005-2018) using historical imagery in ArcGIS. Upon completion of this analysis, we were able to reject an initial hypothesis that local and adjacent streambank segment erosion rates would be significantly less after stabilization, and that deposition rates would be greater in stabilized locations and adjacent stream segments. Instead, the differences in erosion from pre- to post-stabilization showed little or no statistical significance. Rather, our data indicated that streambank erosion decreased in only four of the six stream segments and was predominantly confined to the stabilized segment. Overall deposition decreased in all six stream segments after bank stabilization. In reaches where wooden jetties were installed, partial or total failure was common, and further increases in erosion and decreases in deposition were more pronounced. We conclude that streambank stabilization on the Cedar River is effective only at the location of installation; there is no measurable effect on adjacent unstabilized reaches. Our results demonstrate the need for improved streambank monitoring practices and better understanding of how streambank stabilization impacts an entire river system. Such advances will enhance stream restoration design and implementation, as well as support future river management efforts. Keywords: Adjacent stream reach, Deposition, Jetty, Erosion, Streambank stabilization.
Memphis - Plastic Field
Authors: Blasi Rivero Lluïsa
Published: September 2021

Els últims mesos de l’any 2019 el Musée des arts Décoratifs et du Design de Burdeus dedicava una exposició retrospectiva a l’obra del grup de dissenyadors italià Memphis titulada «Memphis – Plastic Field». Aquest text vol ressenyar el catàleg publicat amb motiu d’aquesta mostra i proporcionar una introducció a la importància de la producció del col·lectiu.
Toward Freedom and Dignity: Comments on the Occasion of the Publication of the 12th Edition of the AAIDD Definition and Classification Manual
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: September 2021

Dr. Wehmeyer provides a reflection on how the 12th edition AAIDD Definition, Diagnosis, Classification, and Systems of Supports Manual might move the field of intellectual disability forward.
Use of multiple light sources to enhance the resolution of point light source displays
Authors: Baasantseren Ganbat , Cao Yulian , Dalkhaa Nomin-Erdene
Published: September 2021

The point light sources (PLSs) of integral imaging displays have a wide depth range; however, the resolution is very low. We developed resolution-enhanced PLS displays using multiple light sources that create extra PLSs in the PLS plane. Given aberrations in the lens arrays, the PLSs initially appeared on planes and at distances that differed from the theoretical values. We thus determined the distances between adjacent light sources that compensated for the aberrations. Experimentally, our method enhanced the resolution fourfold compared to that of a conventional PLS display in both vertical and horizontal directions. Our approach allows facile compensation of lens array aberrations and is applicable to 3D displays.
Single sequence phase shifting spectrally resolved interferometry for an in-line thin film thickness measurement using spectral reflectance and phase
Authors: Cho Yeongchan , Lee Seung Woo , Lee Sin Yong , Choi Garam , Pahk Heui Jae
Published: September 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, thickness measurement scheme based on a phase shifting spectrally resolved interferometry is proposed for a thin film measurement from spectral reflectance and phase in a single sequence. This purpose is realized by introducing a spectral reflectance phase surface (SRPS). The spectral phase, originally existing in the form of an imaginary term, is revealed as a real term with the spectral reflectance due to the proposition of SRPS. Therefore, the reflectance and phase are contained in a single parameter, SRPS, and are measured in a single sequence. The phase shift error compensation is presented to form the accurate SRPS and ensure the performance of the measurement. The thickness of the sample is determined as the measured SRPS, and the theoretical SRPSs are compared by the cross correlation method. The performance of the proposed system is validated by measuring several samples of the

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on a silicon substrate and comparing the results with the commercial ellipsometer.
Real-time monitoring of the sucrose hydrolysis process based on two-photon coincidence measurements
Authors: Peng Zheng , Zhou Zhiyuan , Li Tongju , Jiang Meili , Li Chenhao , Qing Tang , Yang Liu , Zhang Xiaochun
Published: September 2021

Real-time measurement of the biochemical reaction process has important application scenarios. Due to the chirality of a large number of life-sustaining molecules, many parameters of the reaction kinetics involving these chiral molecules, such as the reaction rate and the reagents concentrations, could be tracked by monitoring the optical activity of the substrate and/or product molecules. However, the optical activity of photosensitive biomolecules does not allow traditional laser-based real-time measurement due to the vulnerability of their biochemical properties under high-intensity light regimes. Here we introduce a real-time tracking technique of the sucrose hydrolysis reaction based on two-photon coincidence measurements. The two-photon source is generated based on a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. During the reaction, the kinetic parameters are obtained by the real-time measurement of the change of the polarization of the photons when operating at extremely low-light regimes. Compared with single-photon counting measurements, two-photon coincidence measurements have higher signal-to-noise ratios and better robustness, which demonstrates the potential value in monitoring the photosensitive biochemical reaction processes.
What’s the relative humidity in tropical caves?
Authors: Mejía-Ortíz Luis , Christman Mary C. , Pipan Tanja , Culver David C.
Published: September 2021

Relative humidity (RH) was measured at hourly intervals for approximately one year in two caves at seven stations near Playa del Carmen in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Sistema Muévelo Rico is a 1.1 km long cave with 12 entrances and almost no dark zone. Río Secreto (Tuch) is a large river cave with more than 40 km of passages, and an extensive dark zone. Given the need for cave specialists to adapt to saturated humidity, presumably by cuticular thinning, the major stress of RH would be its deviation from saturation. RH in Río Secreto (Tuch) was invariant at three sites and displayed short deviations from 100% RH at the other four sites. These deviations were concentrated at the end of the nortes and beginning of the rainy season. Three of the sites in Sistema Muévelo Rico showed a similar pattern although the timing of the deviations from 100% RH was somewhat displaced. Four sites in Sistema Muévelo Rico were more variable, and were analyzed using a measure of amount of time of deviation from 100% RH for each 24 hour period. Strong seasonality was evident but, remarkably, periods of constant high humidity were not the same at all sites. In most Sistema Muévelo Rico sites, there was a detectable 24 hour cycle in RH, although it was quite weak in about half of them. For Río Secreto (Tuch) only one site showed any sign of a 24 hour cycle. The troglomorphic fauna was more or less uniformly spread throughout the caves and did not concentrate in any one area or set of RH conditions. Compared to temperature, RH is much more constant, perhaps even more constant than the amount of light. However, changes in RH as a result of global warming may have a major negative effect on the subterranean fauna.
Exogene: A performant workflow for detecting viral integrations from paired-end next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Stephens Zachary , O’Brien Daniel , Dehankar Mrunal , Roberts Lewis R. , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Kocher Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2021

The integration of viruses into the human genome is known to be associated with tumorigenesis in many cancers, but the accurate detection of integration breakpoints from short read sequencing data is made difficult by human-viral homologies, viral genome heterogeneity, coverage limitations, and other factors. To address this, we present Exogene, a sensitive and efficient workflow for detecting viral integrations from paired-end next generation sequencing data. Exogene’s read filtering and breakpoint detection strategies yield integration coordinates that are highly concordant with long read validation. We demonstrate this concordance across 6 TCGA Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor samples, identifying integrations of hepatitis B virus that are also supported by long reads. Additionally, we applied Exogene to targeted capture data from 426 previously studied HCC samples, achieving 98.9% concordance with existing methods and identifying 238 high-confidence integrations that were not previously reported. Exogene is applicable to multiple types of paired-end sequence data, including genome, exome, RNA-Seq and targeted capture.
Gap analysis between expectations and perceptions of pregnant women attending Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission of HIV services in a private referral hospital in northern Tanzania: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: John Lugata , Odero Nesister , Nziku Jackson , Njau Bernard
Published: September 2021

Objective

Pregnant women satisfaction with the Prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission services is an essential parameter in the determination of the quality of care and performance. This study aimed to measure the gap between pregnant women expectations of PMTCT services and perceptions of the actual PMTCT services and the relationship between their service gap scores and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted from August to September 2020 on a sample of 105 participants. A pre-tested SERVIQUAL questionnaire was used to collect data and paired sample t-test, independent one-sample t-test, and one–way ANOVA was used to compare mean service gap scores. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall mean gap score was (+ 0.31) indicating pregnant women perceived value of the quality of care of PMTCT services. The gap score in the 5 service dimensions was as follows: empathy (+0.49), tangibles (+0.43), assurance (+0.22), responsiveness (+0.20), and reliability (+0.19). Marital status (p-value 0.031) was the only social demographic characteristic associated with pregnant women service gap scores.

Conclusion

Overall, pregnant women perceptions of PMTCT services provided in the RCH clinic at KCMC were meet. Marital status was associated with the overall pregnant women service gap scores and perceived quality of care with PMTCT services. Pregnant women who were married had small service gap scores compared to either divorced or widowed or cohabiting women.
2019-Ncov - Controls and Routes of Transmission in Dental Practice
Authors: Sehgal Malika Jagannath , Dubey (Godbole) Surekha
Published: September 2021

BACK GR O U ND Since the emergence of nCoV-19, till date it has affected several countries. This disease which is now called COVID-19 [(termed by World Health Organization (WHO)] is caused by a novel coronavirus, labelled as severe acute respiratoy syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (termed by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses). Belonging to the family of Coronaviridae, of the order Nidovirales, it comprises of large, solitary, plus-stranded ribo nucleic acid (RNA) in their genome. The 2019-nCoV explored in Wuhan belongs to the β-CoV according to the phylogenetic analysis based on the viral genome, and it chiefly infects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system of humans and mammals. Its primary means of spread is either directly or indirectly by the means of droplets via the respiratory tract and fomites respectively. The most common routinely used instruments in the field of dentistry include airotors in the form of rotatory instruments and other surgical instruments. In the meantime, these instruments produce aerosols in the form of both larger and smaller droplets which generally consist of saliva, blood, microorganisms and other debris. Therefore due to possible aerosol and droplet production in the dental profession, nCoV-19 poses a significant risk of infection transmission. To combat nCoV-19, it is essential for a dental clinician to finely tune the protective approaches by concentrating towards the patient safety, personal protective gear and maintaining the hand hygiene. In addition to its modes of diffusion in dentistry, some other important themes like management of the patient, patient instructions and guidelines that a dentist should follow in day to day practice have been raised in this review. KEY WORDS 2019-nCov; Transmission; Dental Guidelines; Epidemiology
Epidemiological Aspects of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Authors: Muzammil Khursheed , Nasir Nazim , Hassan Atiq , Padda Preeti , Siddiqui Zeba , Mahmood Syed Esam , Zafar Khwaja , Abbas Hashim
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND A new-born baby having a cleft lip alone or a cleft lip with cleft palate is definitely painful to the parents. Such cases must be referred to a multi-disciplinary medical team having expertise in craniofacial defects. The role of a family doctor is significant in these cases as he / she is the one who can minimize the sufferings of the parents and their family members by ensuring antenatal diagnosis and extending support for the whole family post-diagnosis, during initial days of breastfeeding as well as bonding issues and also throughout an extended period of months and years of surgical interventions and speech therapies. These cleft lip and palate deformities are the most typical facial defects in children at birth. This leads to not only the altered appearance, defective speech, improper hearing, retarded growth of the baby but also deranged psychosocial well-being and disrupted social integration of the parents and family members. This article presents an overall epidemiological aspect of the said anomalies in the immense interest & benefit of all the concerned professionals. Patients with cleft lip or palate have significant problems in communication, and face difficulties with deglutition. The understanding of the anatomy and associated pathophysiology play a vital role in the management of these patients. The surgical correction remains the mainstay of treatment to date. This article describes common problems related to kids having cleft lip and palate anomalies and provides the latest surgical options available in such congenital cleft care. The genetic basis of the disease and recent advances in the developmental defects of this congenital abnormality is also discussed. In addition to physical corrections, psychological effects on the family need to be addressed at priority. The treating physician must consider the mental health of the parents. The current concepts of treatment will continue to evolve because of continuous developments in the fields of foetal surgery, genetic and tissue engineering. KEY WORDS Cleft, Lip, Palate, Aperture, Folic Acid, Congenital, Abnormality, Orofacial, Correction, Surgery
Prosthetic Management of a Posterior Ridge Defect Case with Fixed Removable Type of Hybrid Prosthesis - A Case Report
Authors: Shetty Mallika S. , Shetty Sanath Kumar , Karkala Suhaim Sayyed , Mohammed Zahid , Wankhede Tushar Milind
Published: September 2021

The main aim of prosthetic dentistry is restoring the form, function, comfort and appearance of the patient by the placement of a prosthesis replacing the missing teeth and contiguous tissues.1 Various prosthetic options for partially edentulous patients include an interim removable partial denture (RPD) to a cast partial denture, a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), and a more implant-retained prosthesis. However, FDP and implant-retained prosthesis are not always feasible, particularly in patients with excessive residual ridge resorption and jaw defects due to trauma and / or surgical ablation. In such a situation, a dentist may resort to another option of fixed-RPD prosthesis, to restore the defective hard and soft tissues to achieve natural aesthetics, phonetics, comfort, and better hygiene. This hybrid prosthesis fulfils the objectives of the rehabilitation such as support, stability, and retention characteristics similar to a fixed prosthesis and aesthetics and hygiene maintenance of a removable prosthesis.2,3,4,5 Any prosthesis designed or fabricated should be based on the prosthetic principles of support, stability, retention, and preservation of remaining structures.1 From the patient's perspective, retention is one of the important factors for its acceptability. These retentive options range from simple bar and clip attachments to more sophisticated spark erosion overdentures.6,7 Spark erosion prosthesis is technique sensitive, bulky, and requires expensive equipment.6,7 On the other hand, precision attachments provide better vertical support and stimulation to the underlying tissue through intermittent vertical massage.8 Treatment with a hybrid denture is an affordable choice to fulfil the patient's aesthetic demands along with providing a good prognosis for the prosthesis and preservation of the remaining dentition. This article presents two case reports of prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with mandibular defects using an attachment-retained fixed-removable hybrid prosthesis.
Housing Identities: At the Roots of Presentday Belonging’s Uneasiness
Authors: Neve Mario
Published: September 2021

The paper assesses housing as a global issue affecting wide sectors of societies not just in less developed countries. Trends and cases show the crucial role that building industry cycles have played in the financialization of the economy and its speculative side effects, even in sectors presented as alternatives to mainstream production, as the sharing economy. We are, therefore, experiencing a radical change today in the meanings attached to terms like city, identity, rights, and growing inequalities affecting ever-larger shares of the population. When the fundamental human right to housing is denied the social bonds and trust on which citizenship relies is lost.
Putting the Cart Before the Horse: How the Eu-Africa Cooperation on Migration Has Failed and What To Do About It
Authors: Nguh Augustin
Published: September 2021

With the ongoing Covid19 pandemic, the adoption of policies and measures restricting mobility can be observed all over the world. This paper notes that the relationship between migration and development is circular and complex, embracing both negative and positive impacts. It explores the enactment of migration management policies that favour development at home (Africa) to prevent migration, with the trade-offs of security concerns. The paper finds these policies and measures to have failed and proposes what can be done to ensure a better Africa-European Union (EU) migration management.
Real rectifiable currents, holomorphic chains and algebraic cycles
Authors: Teh Jyh-Haur , Yang Chin-Jui
Published: September 2021

We study some fundamental properties of real rectifiable currents and give a generalization of King’s theorem to characterize currents defined by positive real holomorphic chains. Our main tool is Siu’s semi-continuity theorem and our proof largely simplifies King’s proof. A consequence of this result is a sufficient condition for the Hodge conjecture.
Die Idee einer Sprachhermeneutik
Authors: Ginev Dimitri
Published: September 2021

Any conception in linguistics and linguistic philosophy that prioritizes the world-disclosing function over the world-representing function of language can be regarded as a kind of linguistic hermeneutics. The paper tries to specify this general thesis by picking up and analysing historical trends in the philosophy of language. It spells out the relationship between the situatedness of locutors in the medium of linguistic practices and the way in which they (through their speech acts) articulate this medium by actualizing possibilities for personal expressivity and interpersonal communication. It is argued that the starting point from the medium that always already transcends the particular speech acts offers an alternative to inferential semantics. From the perspective of linguistic hermeneutics, the world is disclosed and exposed to ongoing articulation in characteristic hermeneutic situations of language use. The concepts of linguistic medium and discursive articulation of the world are treated in terms of hermeneutic trans-subjectivity as enabling all forms of communicative intersubjectivity. If one ignores the fore-structuring role of the former, one would hypostatise the latter. With regard to this claim, the theory of formal pragmatics is critically discussed.
Crusius über die Vernünftigkeit des Wollens und die Rolle des Urteilens
Authors: Schierbaum Sonja
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I consider the relevance of judgment for practical considerations by discussing Christian August Crusius’s conception of rational desire. According to my interpretation of Crusius’s distinction between rational and non-rational desire, we are responsible at least for our rational desires insofar as we can control them. And we can control our rational desires by judging whether what we want complies with our human nature. It should become clear that Crusius’s conception of rational desire is normative in that we necessarily desire things that are compatible with our nature, such as our own perfection. Therefore, a desire is rational if the desired object is apt to satisfy the desires compatible with our nature. From a contemporary perspective, such a normative conception of rational desire might not appear very attractive; it is apt, however, to stimulate a debate on the normative criteria and the role of judgment for rational desire, which is the ultimate aim of this paper.
A sampling-based approach for handling delays in continuous and hybrid systems
Authors: Berani Abdelwahab Erzana , Fränzle Martin
Published: September 2021

Delays in feedback dynamics of coupled dynamical systems arise regularly, especially in embedded control where the physical plant and the controller continuously interact through digital networks. Systems featuring delays are however notoriously difficult to analyze. Consequently, formal analysis often addresses simplified, delay-free substitute models, risking negligence of the adverse impact of delay on control performance. In this ongoing work, we demonstrate that for continuous systems such as delay differential equations, a major part of the delay-induced complexity can be reduced effectively when adding natural constraints to the model of the delayed feedback channel, namely that it transports a band-limited signal and implements a non-punctual, distributed delay. The reduction is based on a sampling approach which is applicable when the above conditions on the feedback are satisfied. We further discuss the possibilities of lifting this method to mixed discrete-continuous dynamics of delayed hybrid systems and the open issues thereof.
Accelerated pubertal onset in short children with delayed bone age
Authors: Oyachi Maki , Watanabe Yoh , Kitayama Kana , Yamada Yuki , Higuchi Shinji , Kawakita Rie , Yorifuji Tohru
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Constitutional delay of growth (CDG) is usually associated with a delay in pubertal onset (CDGP) and a catch-up growth after puberty. Some individuals, however, have earlier-than-expected pubertal onset resulting in a shorter adult height. We investigated the current incidence of such individuals and that of 30 years ago.

Methods

The study subjects are 1,312 consecutive Japanese children referred to Osaka City General Hospital (OCGH) for short stature during 2010–2018, and a cohort of 11,256 individuals in the Ogi Growth Research (OGR, 1979–1992). Individuals with the height standard deviation score <−1.0, the bone age (BA)/chronological age (CA) ratio <0.8 at first visits, and without other identifiable causes of short stature were extracted from the record of OCGH. Similarly, individuals meeting the height and bone age criteria were extracted from the OGR record. The pubertal growth onset was auxologically determined as the upward shift from the prepubertal growth curve fitted to a quadratic function. Earlier-than-expected onset was defined as the onset earlier than the population average +1 year.

Results

From the OCGH cohort, 55 children (38 boys, 17 girls) met the criteria, and earlier-than-expected onset was observed in 34.2% of boys and 29.4% of girls. In the 73 short individuals with delayed bone age in the OGR cohort, earlier-than-expected onset was less common (13.0% for boys and 14.8% for girls). There was no significant association between the timing of pubertal growth onset and the BA/CA ratio, IGF-1, and midparental height.

Conclusions

Earlier-than-expected pubertal growth onset is common in CDG and possibly increasing.
Trade Sanctions and Customs Union Partners of the Target Country: Evidence from Kazakhstan
Authors: Aituar Azat
Published: September 2021

This paper analyses the effects of trade sanctions between Russia and Western countries on Kazakhstan. The nature of these sanctions is characterized by unilateral sanctions from Russia and multilateral sanctions against Russia. Although Kazakhstan refused to participate in these sanction wars, this might affect its economy significantly as it is highly integrated into the Russian economy. An empirical analysis is performed on the product level and time series techniques are used to estimate the effects of the sanctions. The paper assesses the overall effectiveness of trade sanctions through aggregating product level results into a sanction index. The derived sanction index shows that multilateral sanctions did not divert the trade flows from Western countries. On the other hand, the index indicates the existence of sanction busting activities against Russian unilateral counter-sanctions, confirming the hypothesis that unilateral sanctions are ineffective and allow for third-country effects.
Structural variations of trinitrato(terpyridine)lanthanoid complexes
Authors: Armaghan Mahsa , Darzinezhad Khodabakhsh , Amini Mostafa M. , Janiak Christoph
Published: September 2021

The structural characterization of the newly synthesized trinitrato(terpyridine)lanthanoid complexes [Nd(NO3)3(pytpy)(H2O)] (1), [Eu(NO3)3(pytpy)(EtOH)]·EtOH (2·EtOH) and [Tb(NO3)3(ptpy)(EtOH)] (3), with the modified terpyridine ligands pytpy = 4′-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and ptpy = 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, show all a coordination number of 10 at the metal ion with three bidentate nitrato ligands and an additional solvent ligand. The coordination polyhedra around the metal ions are highly irregular. Hirshfeld surface analyses of the intermolecular interactions show (C/O–)H⋯O bonding having the largest percentage contribution in all three structures, while there are remarkably few π-π interactions despite the numerous aryl rings.
Die Entwicklung von passiven zu intelligenten Produkten
Authors: Burkart Adrian , Bitsch Günter
Published: September 2021

Aufgrund der zunehmenden Individualisierung von Produkten mit hoher Variantenvielfalt stellt die aktive Integration von intelligenten Produkten in die Prozesssteuerung eine hilfreiche Möglichkeit zur Nutzung von Flexibilisierungs- und Rationalisierungspotenzialen in der Fertigung dar. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur Analyse und Bewertung der Einsatzpotenziale von Produktklassen mit unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten vorgestellt und anhand eines praktischen Anwendungsfall evaluiert.
Co-Simulationsmodell zur nutzerzentrierten Entwicklung von Unterstützungssystemen
Authors: Yao Zhejun , Molz Carla , Sänger Johannes , Miehling Jörg , Germann René , Wartzack Sandro , Matthiesen Sven , Weidner Robert
Published: September 2021

Unterstützungssysteme zeichnen sich durch eine erhöhte Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion aus. Diese Interaktion und ihre Auswirkungen haben große Bedeutung für die Entwicklung und Anwendung von Unterstützungssystemen und führen zu einer besonderen Herausforderung bei der Simulation entsprechender Systeme. Um diesen gerecht zu werden, wird ein Co-Simulationsmodell von Menschen, Exoskelett und Power-Tool entwickelt. Derartige Co-Simulationsmodelle ermöglichen bereits in der frühen Phase der Entwicklung der Unterstützungssysteme eine digitale Integration des Anwenders.