bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of m6A modulator-mediated methylation modification patterns and the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Qing-Cui , Sun Qin , Su Wen-Jie , Li Jia-Cen , Liu Yi-Sha , Zhang Kun , Yang Li-Qing
Published: November 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. In the development and progression of LUAD, epigenetic aberration plays a crucial role. However, the function of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications in the LUAD progression is unknown. The m6A regulator modification patterns in 955 LUAD samples were analyzed comprehensively. Patterns were systematically correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) cell-infiltration characteristics. Using principal component analysis algorithms, the m6Ascore was generated to quantify m6A modification patterns in individual tumors. Then, their values for predicting prognoses and therapeutic response in LUAD patients were assessed. Three distinct m6A modification patterns in LUAD were identified. Among them, the prognosis of m6Acluster C was the best, while the prognosis of m6Acluster A was the worst. Interestingly, the characterization of TME cell infiltration and biological behavior differed among the three patterns. To evaluate m6A modification patterns within individual tumors, an m6Ascore signature was constructed. The results showed that the high m6Ascore group was associated with a better prognosis; tumor somatic mutations and tumor microenvironment differed significantly between the high- and low- m6Ascore groups. Furthermore, in the cohort with anti-CTLA-4 treatment alone, patients with a high m6Ascore had higher ICI scores, which indicated significant therapeutic advantage and clinical benefits.
Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against metallo-β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing clinically procured isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Muddassir Maria , Raza Almas , Munir Sadaf , Basirat Ahmad , Ahmed Muddassir , Butt Mazia Shahid , Dar Omair Arshad , Ahmed Syed Shoaib , Shamim Saba , Naqvi Syed Zeeshan Haider
Published: November 2022

Resistance to carbapenems is a global threat, especially in developing countries with limited health resources. Prevalence, antibiogram, PCR detection of antibiotic resistance genes, and potency of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. Kirby-Bauer disc method and PCR were used to study antibiogram and drug resistance genes respectively in 255 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from a tertiary care hospital. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) precursor salts were reacted with Aspergillus flavus culture filtrate to trigger the extracellular mycosynthesis of AgNPs. Mycosynthesis was first monitored regularly by visible ultraviolet spectroscopy that recorded AgNP peaks of approximately 400–470 nm. Confirmation by Transmission electron micrographs provided confirmation of AgNPs formed within a range of 5–30 nm. Individual and combined antibacterial activity of ten antibiotics and AgNPs was analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for phenotypic and genotypic multidrug resistance. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 20. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 61.5% were carbapenemase producers (p < 0.01). The recorded frequency of blaIMP-1, blaSHV, blaVIM, blaOXA, and blaTEM were 13%, 32%, 15%, 21%, and 43%, respectively. The reducing order of antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and AgNPs was piperacillin/tazobactam + AgNPs (31 mm), cefoxitin + AgNPs (30 mm) > amikacin + AgNPs (25 mm) > aztreonam + AgNPs (23 mm) > meropenem + AgNPs (22 mm) > imipenem + AgNPs (20 mm) > gentamycin + AgNPs (17 mm) > ciprofloxacin + AgNPs (16 mm) > cefoperazone/sulbactam + AgNPs (14 mm) ≥ ceftazidime + AgNPs (14 mm). The conjugated effect of AgNPs plus antibiotics showed a 0.15–3.51 (average of 2.09) fold-area augmentation of antimicrobial activity. AgNPs conjugated with antibiotics effectively inhibited MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To the best of our understanding, this is an inaugural report from Punjab Pakistan enlisting co-expression of Metallo-β-lactamases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and AmpC-β-lactamase plus activity of antibiotic-AgNPs.
Recent advances in colorimetric sensors based on nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity
Authors: Chi Zhongmei , Wang Qiong , Gu Jiali
Published: November 2022

The research progress and applications of colorimetric sensors based on nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity.
Molecular engineering of confined space in metal–organic cages
Authors: Lewis James E. M.
Published: November 2022

The host–guest chemistry of metal–organic cages can be modified through tailoring of structural aspects such as size, shape and functionality. In this review, strategies, opportunities and challenges of such molecular engineering are discussed.
Circularly polarized luminescence and performance modulation of chiral europium-titanium (Eu2Ti4)-oxo clusters
Authors: Liu Wei-Dong , Li Guan-Jun , Xu Han , Deng Yong-Kai , Du Ming-Hao , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun , Kong Xiang-Jian
Published: November 2022

Three chiral [Eu2Ti4] enantiomers with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) characteristics were synthesized. The quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes were regulated by switching various carboxylate ligands.
Orientation-tunable ferroelectric and energy storage properties in PMN–PT single crystals
Authors: Zheng Ming , Guan Pengfei , Ji Xiang
Published: November 2022

The ferroelectric and energy storage properties of PMN–PT single crystals with excellent antifatigue performance are improved by controlling their crystal orientations.
First-principles study on photoelectric properties of all-inorganic two-dimensional double perovskite Cs3AgBiBr7
Authors: Zhong Fang , Nie Guo-Zheng , Lang Yufei , Zhang Ziwen , Li Huilin , Gan Longfei , Xu Ying , Zhao Yu-Qing
Published: November 2022

The photoelectric properties of 2D all-inorganic double perovskite Cs3AgBiBr7 are systematically investigated based on the first-principles, and prove that Cs3AgBiBr7 is promising to be a candidate semiconductor in future luminescence applications.
Spectroscopic mapping of the gold complex oligomers (dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer) by excited-state coherent nuclear wavepacket motion in aqueous solutions
Authors: Iwamura Munetaka , Urayama Rina , Fukui Airi , Nozaki Koichi , Liu Li , Kuramochi Hikaru , Takeuchi Satoshi , Tahara Tahei
Published: November 2022

We investigate excited-state dynamics of the [Au(CN)2−] oligomers following photo-initiated intermolecular Au–Au bond formation by carrying out femtosecond time-resolved absorption and emission measurements at various concentrations.
Electron nuclear dynamics of time-dependent symmetry breaking in H+ + H2O at ELab = 28.5–200.0 eV: a prototype for ion cancer therapy reactions
Authors: Domínguez Juan C. , Kim Hyunsik , Silva Eivson D. , Pimbi Daniel , Morales Jorge A.
Published: November 2022

Low degrees of symmetry breaking in initial states lead to full-blown symmetry breaking during evolution and improve predictions in time-dependent direct dynamics.
Influence of oxidation on the magnetism of small Co oxide clusters probed by Stern–Gerlach deflection
Authors: De Knijf Kobe , van der Tol Johan , Ferrari Piero , Scholiers Sandrien , Hou Gao-Lei , Lievens Peter , Janssens Ewald
Published: November 2022

Magnetic deflection studies demonstrate that the magnetic moment per cobalt atom is higher in small cobalt oxide clusters than in pure cobalt clusters.
Uranium extraction from seawater: material design, emerging technologies and marine engineering
Authors: Xie Yi , Liu Zeyu , Geng Yiyun , Li Hao , Wang Ning , Song Yanpei , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Jing , Wang Jianchen , Ma Shengqian , Ye Gang
Published: November 2022

Uranium extraction from seawater (UES), a potential approach to securing the long-term uranium supply and sustainability of nuclear energy, has experienced significant progress in the past decade.
Investigating the vapour phase synthesis of copper terephthalate metal organic framework thin films by atomic/molecular layer deposition
Authors: Gikonyo Ben , Liu Fangbing , De Siddhartha , Journet Catherine , Marichy Catherine , Fateeva Alexandra
Published: November 2022

Vapour phase atomic/molecular layer deposition of a 3D MOF is performed on different crystalline and amorphous substrates, and oriented growth is demonstrated. Implementation of the ALD process on a DMOF-1 crystal surface leads to oriented growth of a heterostructure.
Research on inorganic activators of dibromo Co-terpyridine complex precatalyst for hydrosilylation
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuaki , Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

The search for a stable, inexpensive, and easy-to-handle activator toward the catalyst precursor [Co(tpy)Br2] in the hydrosilylation of olefins with hydrosilane revealed that K2CO3is an effective activator.
Multifunctional SEI-like structure coating stabilizing Zn anodes at a large current and capacity
Authors: Chen Aosai , Zhao Chenyang , Gao Jiaze , Guo Zhikun , Lu Xingyuan , Zhang Jiachi , Liu Zeping , Wang Ming , Liu Nannan , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Yu , Zhang Naiqing
Published: November 2022

The SEI-like structure coating can combine the advantages of each component and give sufficient mechanical stability to the coating. The establishment of fast Zn2+ migrating pathway supports the cycling of the anode at large current and capacity.
A new microfluidic platform for the highly reproducible preparation of non-viral gene delivery complexes
Authors: Protopapa Giovanni , Bono Nina , Visone Roberta , D'Alessandro Fabio , Rasponi Marco , Candiani Gabriele
Published: November 2022

We describe the design and development of a new stand-alone microfluidic cartridge for the fast and repeatable preparation of non-viral gene delivery complexes at different N/Ps and their storage.
Green electro-organic synthesis of a novel catechol derivative based on o-benzoquinone nucleophilic addition
Authors: Abd-Elsabour Mohamed , Assaf Hytham F. , Abo-Bakr Ahmed M. , Alhamzani Abdulrahman G. , Abou-Krisha Mortaga M. , Al-Mutairi Aamal A. , Alsoghier Hesham M.
Published: November 2022

In this work, a green-electrochemical synthesis was applied to catechol oxidation (1) to o-benzoquinone (2) using cyclic voltammetry and potential controlled coulometry.
Efficient dehydrogenation of high-concentration formic acid over PdAu/AC-NH2 catalysts without additives under ambient conditions
Authors: Jiang Shuchao , Ren Guoqing , Yu Tie
Published: November 2022

An efficient PdAu nanocatalyst was designed for high-concentration formic acid dehydrogenation by optimizing the surface energy and electronic property of Pd.
Algorithm-driven activity-directed expansion of a series of antibacterial quinazolinones
Authors: Francis Daniel , Farooque Sannia , Meager Archie , Derks Didi , Leggott Abbie , Warriner Stuart , O'Neill Alex J. , Nelson Adam
Published: November 2022

Algorithms were harnessed in the design of arrays of photoredox-catalysed microscale reactions whose crude products were screened for antibacterial activity. The approach enabled expansion of a series of antibacterial agents.
Brønsted acid-catalysed desilylative heterocyclisation to form substituted furans
Authors: Babcock Emily G. , Rahman Md. Shafiqur , Taylor James E.
Published: November 2022

A new catalytic dehydrative heterocyclisation to form mono-, di-, and tri-substituted furans under mild conditions.
Cyrene: a bio-based solvent for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of aryl iodides
Authors: Stini Naya A. , Gkizis Petros L. , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: November 2022

Cyrene is employed as the reaction medium in the Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling between aryl iodides with acrylates, acrylamides or styrene. Its application in the synthesis of piperlotine A is demonstrated.
Activated carbon prepared by co-pyrolysis of waste tobacco straw and waste LDPE mulch film: characterization and application for methylene blue removal
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Xiong Wei , Zhang Haiyan , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

Activated carbon prepared by co-pyrolysis of waste tobacco straw and waste LDPE mulch film and use for efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution.
Metal–organic framework-derived single atom catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to C1 products
Authors: Han Xu , Zhang Ting , Arbiol Jordi
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is an efficient strategy to relieve global environmental and energy issues by converting excess CO2from the atmosphere to value-added products.
Astrocyte adaptation in Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on astrocytic P2X7R
Authors: Beltran-Lobo Paula , Reid Matthew J. , Jimenez-Sanchez Maria , Verkhratsky Alexei , Perez-Nievas Beatriz G. , Noble Wendy
Published: November 2022

Astrocytes are key homeostatic and defensive cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They undertake numerous functions during development and in adulthood to support and protect the brain through finely regulated communication with other cellular elements of the nervous tissue. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), astrocytes undergo heterogeneous morphological, molecular and functional alterations represented by reactive remodelling, asthenia and loss of function. Reactive astrocytes closely associate with amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in advanced AD. The specific contribution of astrocytes to AD could potentially evolve along the disease process and includes alterations in their signalling, interactions with pathological protein aggregates, metabolic and synaptic impairments. In this review, we focus on the purinergic receptor, P2X7R, and discuss the evidence that P2X7R activation contributes to altered astrocyte functions in AD. Expression of P2X7R is increased in AD brain relative to non-demented controls, and animal studies have shown that P2X7R antagonism improves cognitive and synaptic impairments in models of amyloidosis and tauopathy. While P2X7R activation can induce inflammatory signalling pathways, particularly in microglia, we focus here specifically on the contributions of astrocytic P2X7R to synaptic changes and protein aggregate clearance in AD, highlighting cell-specific roles of this purinoceptor activation that could be targeted to slow disease progression.
A Review of Factors Contributing to Adults' Adherence to Dysphagia Dietary Recommendations Through an Ecological Lens
Authors: Nagshabandi Bedoor S. , Zinnershine Lauren , Shune Samantha E.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this review was to identify the factors affecting adherence to dysphagia dietary recommendations, a necessary contributor to the effectiveness of this compensatory strategy.

Method:

A rapid review of two electronic databases was conducted in April 2021. Studies were included based on the following criteria: (a) were empirical studies published in English, (b) included data from the adult population, and (c) measured adherence to dietary recommendations. The ecological model and the health belief model were used as frameworks during the analysis process.

Results:

The literature search resulted in 930 unique abstracts, of which 14 articles were included based on the final criteria. Across the literature, multiple factors were identified as having an influence on adherence, classified according to three unique levels: the individual (e.g., dissatisfaction), the caregiver (e.g., knowledge), and the environment (e.g., institutional policies and values).

Conclusions:

Improving adherence to dysphagia dietary recommendations is crucial for the effectiveness of those recommendations. As suggested by the current review, increased adherence will require careful attention to the multiple levels of factors that likely play a role, acknowledging the multifaceted nature of this complex behavior. Furthermore, characterizing the multilevel factors that influence adherence can contribute to future theoretical models, which could help guide speech-language pathologists in their clinical practices.
Systemic Racism in Communication Sciences and Disorders Academic Programs: A Commentary on Trends in Racial Representation
Authors: Whitfield Jason A.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

As a discipline, communication sciences and disorders (CSD) has struggled to address equity and inclusion for students, professionals, and scholars from historically excluded racial groups. Recent publications in this periodical that have begun to confront systemic racism in the discipline have been met with some expected resistance. In this commentary, I attempt to support and expand an argument made by Ellis and Kendall (2021), namely, that systemic racism has been and continues to be a normal and persistent feature of our academic programs. A comparison to U.S. Census data suggests that Asian, Black, Indigenous, Native, Latino/a/e, and multiracial CSD professionals are represented to a drastically lower rate compared with their representation in the population at large. Furthermore, publicly available data summaries indicate that there is a reduction in the level of racial diversity that is associated with an increase in White representation across the entire progression of the professional training and certification process, with the greatest level of diversity at the undergraduate level followed by the graduate and professional levels.

Conclusions:

A general knowledge of social and legal history in the United States would suggest that the relative reduction in representation across the academic and professional levels of the CSD disciplines results from policy and practice patterns that serve to preserve a White-dominant culture in our profession and exclude People of Color. Continued efforts broadly based in critical race studies may prove as a useful tool to identify, confront, and transform current policy and practice patterns in our national organization, academic programs, and accrediting bodies that have produced and sustained levels of inequality and White dominance in our programs and disciplines.
V838 Mon: A slow waking up of Sleeping Beauty?
Authors: Liimets T. , Kolka I. , Kraus M. , Eenmäe T. , Tuvikene T. , Augusteijn T. , Antunes Amaral L. , Djupvik A. A. , Telting J. H. , Deshev B. , Kankare E. , Kankare J. , Lindberg J. E. , Amby T. M. , Pursimo T. , Somero A. , Thygesen A. , Strøm P. A.
Published: November 2022

Context. V838 Monocerotis is a peculiar binary that underwent an immense stellar explosion in 2002, leaving behind an expanding cool supergiant and a hot B3V companion. Five years after the outburst, the B3V companion disappeared from view, and has not returned to its original state.

Aims. We investigate the changes in the light curve and spectral features to explain the behaviour of V838 Mon during the current long-lasting minimum.

Methods. A monitoring campaign has been performed over the past 13 years with the Nordic Optical Telescope to obtain optical photometric and spectroscopic data. The datasets are used to analyse the temporal evolution of the spectral features and the spectral energy distribution, and to characterise the object.

Results. Our photometric data show a steady brightening in all bands over the past 13 years, which is particularly prominent in the blue. This rise is also reflected in the spectra, showing a gradual relative increase in the continuum flux at shorter wavelengths. In addition, a slow brightening of the Hα emission line starting in 2015 was detected. These changes might imply that the B3V companion is slowly reappearing. During the same time interval, our analysis reveals a considerable change in the observed colours of the object along with a steady decrease in the strength and width of molecular absorption bands in our low-resolution spectra. These changes suggest a rising temperature of the cool supergiant along with a weakening of its wind, most likely combined with a slow recovery of the secondary due to the evaporation of the dust and accretion of the material from the shell in which the hot companion is embedded. From our medium-resolution spectra, we find that the heliocentric radial velocity of the atomic absorption line of Ti I 6556.06 Å has been stable for more than a decade. We propose that Ti I lines are tracing the velocity of the red supergiant in V838 Mon, and do not represent the infalling matter as previously stated.
Relativistic contributions to the rotation of Mars
Authors: Baland R.-M. , Hees A. , Yseboodt M. , Bourgoin A. , Le Maistre S.
Published: November 2022

Context. The orientation and rotation of Mars can be described by a set of Euler angles (longitude, obliquity, and rotation angles) and estimated from radioscience data (tracking of orbiters and landers), which can then be used to infer the planet's internal properties. The data are analyzed using a modeling expressed within the barycentric celestial reference system (BCRS). This modeling includes several relativistic contributions that need to be properly taken into account to avoid any misinterpretation of the data.

Aims. We provide new and more accurate (to the 0.1 mas level) estimations of the relativistic corrections to be included in the BCRS model of the orientation and rotation of Mars.

Methods. There are two types of relativistic contributions with regard to Mars's rotation and orientation: (i) those that directly impact the Euler angles and (ii) those resulting from the time transformation between a local Mars reference frame and BCRS. The former contribution essentially corresponds to the geodetic effect, as well as to the smaller Lense-Thirring and Thomas precession effects, and we computed their values assuming that Mars evolves on a Keplerian orbit. As for the latter contribution, we computed the effect of the time transformation and compared the rotation angle corrections obtained, based on the assumption that the planets evolve on Keplerian orbits, with the corrections obtained, based on realistic orbits as described by the ephemerides.

Results. The relativistic correction in longitude mainly comes from the geodetic effect and results in a geodetic precession (6.754 mas yr−1) and geodetic annual nutation (0.565 mas amplitude). For the rotation angle, the correction is dominated by the effect of the time transformation. The main annual, semiannual, and terannual terms display amplitudes of 166.954 mas, 7.783 mas, and 0.544 mas, respectively. The amplitude of the annual term differs by about 9 mas from the estimate usually considered by the community. We identified new terms at the Mars-Jupiter and Mars-Saturn synodic periods (0.567 mas and 0.102 mas amplitude) that are relevant considering the current level of uncertainty of the measurements, as well as a contribution to the rotation rate (7.3088 mas day−1). There is no significant correction that applies to the obliquity.
Analysis of minimum ionising particles and soft protons using XMM-Newton EPIC pn-CCD as a particle detector
Authors: Bender V. , De Canio G. , Freyberg M. J. , Kirsch M. G. F.
Published: November 2022

Context. Spacecrafts with imaging telescopes often carry a charge-coupled device (CCD) in their focal plane to detect electromagnetic radiation. Charged particles such as electrons, protons, and heavy ions can reach the CCD and deposit their energy in the detector material. To counteract this undesirable effect, algorithms are usually implemented to reject them. On the other hand, CCDs can also be seen as particle detectors.

Aims. Even though rejection algorithms are often active to immediately discard undesired radiation, data including charged particles of ESA's XMM-Newton and Gaia were stored over the whole mission lifetime. In this article we primarily analyse and characterise the charged particles that were detected by XMM-Newton. A comparison to data from Gaia's CCDs is also presented.

Methods. To characterise the particle flux in the spacecraft orbits we used all publicly available observations where no rejection algorithm was used in combination with observations where the rejection algorithm was used. The particle flux is analysed over time and space of the XMM-Newton orbit. Comparisons to external data are shown as well.

Results. Our analysis shows that the rate of charged particle events has a modulation of about 11 yr and that particle flux and solar activity are anti-correlated. Moreover, we also show that often more than one charged particle hits the CCD simultaneously.

Conclusions. Rejection algorithms are typically used to remove charged particle detection and preserve the scientific data missions. In this article, using XMM-Newton and Gaia data, we show that by neglecting rejection algorithms, charged particles detected on CCDs can be analysed and characterised over the spacecraft orbit.
Deep solar ALMA neural network estimator for image refinement and estimates of small-scale dynamics
Authors: Eklund Henrik
Published: November 2022

Context. The solar atmosphere is highly dynamic, and observing the small-scale features is valuable for interpretations of the underlying physical processes. The contrasts and magnitude of the observable signatures of small-scale features degrade as angular resolution decreases.

Aims. The estimates of the degradation associated with the observational angular resolution allows a more accurate analysis of the data.

Methods. High-cadence time-series of synthetic observable maps at λ = 1.25 mm were produced from three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic Bifrost simulations of the solar atmosphere and degraded to the angular resolution corresponding to observational data with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA). The deep solar ALMA neural network estimator (Deep-SANNE) is an artificial neural network trained to improve the resolution and contrast of solar observations. This is done by recognizing dynamic patterns in both the spatial and temporal domains of small-scale features at an angular resolution corresponding to observational data and correlated them to highly resolved nondegraded data from the magnetohydrodynamic simulations. A second simulation, previously never seen by Deep-SANNE, was used to validate the performance.

Results. Deep-SANNE provides maps of the estimated degradation of the brightness temperature across the field of view, which can be used to filter for locations that most probably show a high accuracy and as correction factors in order to construct refined images that show higher contrast and more accurate brightness temperatures than at the observational resolution. Deep-SANNE reveals more small-scale features in the data and achieves a good performance in estimating the excess temperature of brightening events with an average of 94.0% relative to the highly resolved data, compared to 43.7% at the observational resolution. By using the additional information of the temporal domain, Deep-SANNE can restore high contrasts better than a standard two-dimensional deconvolver technique. In addition, Deep-SANNE is applied on observational solar ALMA data, for which it also reveals eventual artifacts that were introduced during the image reconstruction process, in addition to improving the contrast. It is important to account for eventual artifacts in the analysis.

Conclusions. The Deep-SANNE estimates and refined images are useful for an analysis of small-scale and dynamic features. They can identify locations in the data with high accuracy for an in-depth analysis and allow a more meaningful interpretation of solar observations.
Calibration of hybrid resolved star formation rate recipes based on PHANGS–MUSE Hα and Hβ maps
Authors: Belfiore Francesco , Leroy Adam K. , Sun Jiayi , Barnes Ashley T. , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Congiu Enrico , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Neumann Lukas , Querejeta Miguel , Sanchez-Blazquez Patricia , Schinnerer Eva , Williams Thomas G.
Published: November 2022

Mapping star-formation rates (SFR) within galaxies is key to unveiling their assembly and evolution. Calibrations exist for computing the SFR from a combination of ultraviolet and infrared bands for galaxies as integrated systems, but their applicability to sub-galactic (kiloparsec) scales remains largely untested. We used integral field spectroscopy of 19 nearby (D < 20 Mpc) galaxies obtained by PHANGS–MUSE to derive accurate Balmer decrements (Hα/Hβ) and attenuation-corrected Hα maps. We combined this information with mid-infrared maps from WISE at 22 μm and ultraviolet maps from GALEX in the far-UV band to derive SFR surface densities in nearby galaxies on resolved (kiloparsec) scales. Using the Hα attenuation-corrected SFR as a reference, we find that hybrid recipes from the literature overestimate the SFR in regions of low SFR surface density, low specific star-formation rate (sSFR), low attenuation, and old stellar ages. We attribute these trends to heating of the dust by old stellar populations (IR cirrus). We calibrated this effect by proposing functional forms for the coefficients in front of the IR term that depend on band ratios sensitive to the sSFR. These recipes return SFR estimates that agree with those in the literature at high sSFR (log(sSFR/yr−1) >  − 9.9). Moreover, they lead to negligible bias and < 0.16 dex scatter when compared to our reference attenuation-corrected SFR from Hα. These calibrations prove reliable as a function of physical scale. In particular, they agree within 10% with the attenuation corrections computed from the Balmer decrement on 100 pc scales. Despite small quantitative differences, our calibrations are also applicable to integrated galaxy scales probed by the MaNGA survey, but with a larger scatter (up to 0.22 dex). Observations with JWST open up the possibility to calibrate these relations in nearby galaxies with cloud-scale (∼100 pc) resolution mid-IR imaging.
Analysis of the planetary mass uncertainties on the accuracy of atmospherical retrieval
Authors: Di Maio C. , Changeat Q. , Benatti S. , Micela G.
Published: November 2022

Context. Characterising the properties of exoplanet atmospheres relies on several interconnected parameters, which makes it difficult to determine them independently. Planetary mass plays a role in determining the scale height of atmospheres, similarly to the contribution from the average molecular weight of the gas. Analogously, the clouds masking the real atmospheric scale height make it difficult to correctly derive the atmospheric properties.

Aims. We investigate the relevance of planetary mass knowledge in spectral retrievals, identifying cases where mass measurements are needed for clear or cloudy and primary or secondary atmospheres, along with the relevant precision, in the context of the ESA M4 Ariel Mission.

Methods. We used TauREx to simulate the Ariel transmission spectra of representative targets of the Ariel mission reference sample, assuming different scenarios: a primordial cloudy atmosphere of a hot Jupiter and a hot Neptune, as well as the secondary atmosphere of a super-Earth that also exhibits a cloud presence. We extracted information on the various properties of the atmospheres for the cases of unknown mass or mass with different uncertainties. We also tested how the signal-to-noise ratio impacts atmospheric retrieval for different wavelength ranges.

Results. We accurately retrieved the primordial atmospheric composition independently from mass uncertainties for clear atmospheres, while we found that the uncertainties increased for high altitude clouds. We highlight the importance of the signal-to-noise ratio in the Rayleigh scattering region of the spectrum, which is crucial to retrieving the cloud pressure and to accurately retrieving all other relevant parameters. For the secondary atmosphere cases, a mass uncertainty no larger than 50% is sufficient to retrieve the atmospheric parameters, even in the presence of clouds.

Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that even in the worst-case scenario, a 50% mass precision level is enough for producing reliable retrievals, while an atmospheric retrieval without any knowledge of a planetary mass could lead to biases in cloudy primary atmospheres as well as in secondary atmospheres.
Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS
Authors: Mehdipour M. , Kriss G. A. , Brusa M. , Matzeu G. A. , Gaspari M. , Kraemer S. B. , Mathur S. , Behar E. , Bianchi S. , Cappi M. , Chartas G. , Costantini E. , Cresci G. , Dadina M. , De Marco B. , De Rosa A. , Dunn J. P. , Gianolli V. E. , Giustini M. , Kaastra J. S. , King A. R. , Krongold Y. , La Franca F. , Lanzuisi G. , Longinotti A. L. , Luminari A. , Middei R. , Miniutti G. , Nardini E. , Perna M. , Petrucci P.-O. , Piconcelli E. , Ponti G. , Ricci F. , Tombesi F. , Ursini F. , Vignali C. , Zappacosta L.
Published: November 2022

We present a UV spectroscopic study of ionized outflows in 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN), observed with theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST). The targets of the Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays (SUBWAYS) sample were selected with the aim to probe the parameter space of the underexplored AGN between the local Seyfert galaxies and the luminous quasars at high redshifts. Our targets, spanning redshifts of 0.1–0.4 and bolometric luminosities (Lbol) of 1045–1046erg s−1, have been observed with a large multi-wavelength campaign usingXMM-Newton,NuSTAR, and HST. Here, we model the UV spectra and look for different types of AGN outflows that may produce either narrow or broad UV absorption features. We examine the relations between the observed UV outflows and other properties of the AGN. We find that 60% of our targets show a presence of outflowing H Iabsorption, while 40% exhibit ionized outflows seen as absorption by either C IV, N V, or O VI. This is comparable to the occurrence of ionized outflows seen in the local Seyfert galaxies. All UV absorption lines in the sample are relatively narrow, with outflow velocities reaching up to −3300 km s−1. We did not detect any UV counterparts to the X-ray ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), most likely due to their being too highly ionized to produce significant UV absorption. However, all SUBWAYS targets with an X-ray UFO that have HST data demonstrate the presence of UV outflows at lower velocities. We find significant correlations between the column density (N) of the UV ions andLbolof the AGN, withNH Idecreasing withLbol, whileNO VIis increasing withLbol. This is likely to be a photoionization effect, where toward higher AGN luminosities, the wind becomes more ionized, resulting in less absorption by neutral or low-ionization ions and more absorption by high-ionization ions. In addition, we find thatNof the UV ions decreases as their outflow velocity increases. This may be explained by a mechanical power that is evacuating the UV-absorbing medium. Our observed relations are consistent with multiphase AGN feeding and feedback simulations indicating that a combination of both radiative and mechanical processes are in play.
GD 99: Re-investigation of an old ZZ Ceti companion
Authors: Bognár Zs. , Sódor Á. , Mező Gy.
Published: November 2022

Context. Thanks to photometric space missions, we have access to more and more information on the properties of white dwarf stars, especially pulsating ones. In the case of pulsators, we have the opportunity to get an insight into their otherwise hidden interiors by the means of asteroseismology. In addition to space-based observations, we also take advantage of the opportunity to study the pulsations of white dwarf stars from the ground, either as observations that are complementary to space-based measurements or individual observing runs on selected targets across long timescales.

Aims. We aim to investigate long-term, single-site observations of the bright, yet scarcely studied ZZ Ceti star, GD 99. Our main goals are to determine as many eigenmodes for asteroseismology as possible and then to carry out a seismic analysis of this target.

Methods. We performed a Fourier analysis of the light curves obtained in different epochs. After finding the normal modes of the pulsation, we ran the 2018 version of the White Dwarf Evolution Code to build model grids for the period fits. We compared the seismic distance of the best-fit model with the geometric value provided by Gaia measurements.

Results. We find that GD 99 is rich in pulsation modes in the ∼200 − 1100 s period range, as we detected seven new periods. Together with the literature data, we were able to use 11 modes for the asteroseismic fits. We accepted an asteroseismic model solution with Teff = 13 500 K and M* = 0.80 M⊙ as a best fit; however, this suggests a hotter and more massive star than we might have expected based on the spectroscopic values. We also estimated the rotational rate of the star to be 13.17 h, based on TESS observations.
The initial spin distribution of B-type stars revealed by the split main sequences of young star clusters
Authors: Wang Chen , Hastings Ben , Schootemeijer Abel , Langer Norbert , de Mink Selma E. , Bodensteiner Julia , Milone Antonino , Justham Stephen , Marchant Pablo
Published: November 2022

Spectroscopic observations of stars in young open clusters have revealed evidence for a dichotomous distribution of stellar rotational velocities, with 10−30% of stars rotating slowly and the remaining 70−90% rotating fairly rapidly. At the same time, high-precision multiband photometry of young star clusters shows a split main sequence band, which is again interpreted as due to a spin dichotomy. Recent papers suggest that extreme rotation is required to retrieve the photometric split. Our new grids of MESA models and the prevalent SYCLIST models show, however, that initial slow (0−35% of the linear Keplerian rotation velocities) and intermediate (50−65% of the Keplerian rotation velocities) rotation are adequate to explain the photometric split. These values are consistent with the recent spectroscopic measurements of cluster and field stars, and are likely to reflect the birth spin distributions of upper main-sequence stars. A fraction of the initially faster-rotating stars may be able to reach near-critical rotation at the end of their main-sequence evolution and produce Be stars in the turn-off region of young star clusters. However, we find that the presence of Be stars up to two magnitudes below the cluster turnoff advocates for a crucial role of binary interaction in creating Be stars. We argue that surface chemical composition measurements may help distinguish these two Be star formation channels. While only the most rapidly rotating, and therefore nitrogen-enriched, single stars can evolve into Be stars, slow pre-mass-transfer rotation and inefficient accretion allows for mild or no enrichment even in critically rotating accretion-induced Be stars. Our results shed new light on the origin of the spin distribution of young and evolved B-type main sequence stars.
Impact of orbit inclination on heat transfer in a 1U LEO CubeSat
Authors: Tribak Ferdaous , Bendaou Othmane , Ben Nejma Fayçal
Published: November 2022

Temperature prediction is crucial to build dependable CubeSats and operate them at peak efficiency. Therefore, all parameters that could impact the thermal performance of the satellite must be taken into account in the thermal analysis. This work covers the thermal simulation of a 1U CubeSat. The objective is to simulate, using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics, the impact of an important parameter on the satellite’s temperature distribution: beta angle. It defines the position of the CubeSat relatively to the solar vector. To investigate the effect of this parameter on the satellite, a set of simulations was performed for different beta angles.
Influence of the nonlinear behaviour of ballast on the dynamics of simply supported railway bridges
Authors: Tahiri Mohamed , Bezzazi Mohammed
Published: November 2022

In this work, the vertical motion of a simply supported railway bridge which is subjected to the circulation of high speed trains was studied. A system consisting of two-layer beam was considered to model the dynamics of the bridge structure. The upper beam represents the rails with the sleepers and the lower beam the bridge deck. These two beams are coupled through distributed nonlinear springs that model the ballast action. The characteristics of these elements were identified from experimental measurements performed on real rail track. Considering the circulation of high speed train at given velocity, the influence of the nonlinear stiffness of the ballasted track on the response of the bridge system was analyzed. This was achieved by using the Galerkin method and the Runge-Kutta scheme to solve numerically the nonlinear partial differential equations governing the motion of the two beams. It was found that the nonlinear behaviour of the ballast affects notably the dynamics of the bridge, especially when the ballast stiffness is low. The proposed modelling enables to get more understanding regarding the vertical dynamics of ballasted track bridge in high speed line.
Ganganalyse bei neurologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Jahn Klaus
Published: November 2022

Gangunsicherheit und Mobilitätseinschränkungen sind bei
neurologischen Patienten ein häufiges Leitsymptom. Gerade bei
älteren Patienten wird oft nicht gut differenziert, welche
Funktionsstörungen im Einzelnen vorliegen. Qualitative und quantitative
Analysen helfen, Teilursachen des Defizits zu differenzieren und den Verlauf
nachvollziehbar zu dokumentieren. Die Messung kann die Therapie steuern, deren
Erfolg dann erneut aufgezeichnet werden kann.
Das Lipödem
Authors: Wollina Uwe
Published: November 2022

Das Lipödem ist eine Erkrankung des Fett- und Bindegewebes, die fast
ausnahmslos bei Frauen auftritt. Die Diagnose wird klinisch gestellte aufgrund
bestimmter Merkmale. Leitsymptom ist die Schmerzhaftigkeit des Fettgewebes. Ein
weiteres typisches Merkmal ist die Gefäßfragilität, die
zu Hämatomen nach Minortraumen führt. Die typische
disproportionale, symmetrische Fettgewebehypertrophie bezieht Unter- und
Oberschenkel, Hüften, Gesäß, Unter- und Oberarme ein und
läßt die distalen Extremitäten sowie den Rumpf
unbeteiligt. Es wird eine X-chromosomale dominante oder autosomal-dominante
Vererbung angenommen. Die Ätiologie und Pathogenese sind unzureichend
erforscht. In der Therapie werden konservative und operative Maßnahmen
eingesetzt. Ziel der Therapie ist die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität,
Reduzierung der Stigmatisierung, Erhalt oder Verbesserung der Mobilität
und Vermeidung von Folgeschäden wie der Gonarthrose.
Der Einfluss von lokaler Muskelermüdung und Fußaufsatztechnik auf die kinematischen Merkmale und die plantare Druckverteilung beim Laufen
Authors: Walaa Eldin Aly Hazzaa , Mattes Klaus
Published: November 2022

Trotz zahlreicher Studien liegen keine eindeutigen Befunde vor, die eine bedeutsame Aussage darüber treffen, wie sich der Fußaufsatz durch eine muskuläre Ermüdung verändert. Bei Untersuchungen mit Laufermüdung kann nicht differenziert werden, welche kinematischen oder kinetischen Veränderungen ein unmittelbares Ergebnis der lokalen Muskelermüdung und variierten Geschwindigkeiten darstellen. Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Wirkung der Fußaufsatztechnik und der lokalen Muskelermüdung der Plantar- und Dorsalflexoren auf die plantare Druckverteilung sowie ausgewählte kinematische Merkmale beim Laufen auf dem Laufband. An der Studie nahmen 26 freiwillige Vor- und Rückfußläufer*innen vergleichbaren Alters und vergleichbarer Körpermasse teil. Jede Gruppe absolvierte 2 Testabläufe mit einem zeitlichen Abstand von 3–7 Tagen. Die kinematische Datenerfassung erfolgte mithilfe eines 3-dimensionalen Mess- und Analysesystems während des Laufens auf dem Laufband. Das Ermüdungsprotokoll umfasste einen isometrischen Maximalkrafttest und einen isokinetischen Ausdauertest. Zur Überprüfung der Unterschiede wurde eine 2-faktorielle Varianzanalyse mit Messwiederholung berechnet. Die Kraftwerte der beiden Läufer*innengruppen wiesen signifikante Unterschiede bei den Plantarflexoren im Kraftausdauertest und beim Ermüdungsindex mit im Durchschnitt höheren Werten der Rückfußläufer*innen sowohl für das linke als auch das rechte Bein. Die Ergebnisse der Kraftwerte überraschen, denn aufgrund des Vorfußaufsatzes beim regelmäßigen Laufen sollten die Plantarflexoren dieser Läufer*innengruppe gut trainiert sein. Nach Ermüdung reduzierten sich die Druckmaxima unter den exponiert belasteten Fußzonen, d.h. unter dem Vorderfuß beim Vorfußaufsatz und unter der Ferse beim Rückfußaufsatz. Die beiden Läufer*innengruppen differierten im Fußwinkel bei Foot on mit höheren Werten der Vorfußläufer*innen. Der größere Fußwinkel der Vorfußläufer*innen verbessert die Schockabsorption und kann so das Verletzungsrisiko verringern. In einer weiteren Studie sollten gewohnheitsmäßige Barfußläufer*innen ausgewählt werden.
Auswirkungen des Trainings der intrinsischen Fußmuskulatur bei Patienten*innen mit Sprunggelenkinstabilität – ein narrativer Review
Authors: Götz Matthias , Riederer Angela , Richter Robert
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Sprunggelenkdistorsionen stellen eine der häufigsten Verletzungen im Sport dar und können sich als chronische Sprunggelenkinstabilität manifestieren. In der Therapie und Prävention hat sich ein sensomotorischer Trainingsansatz der sprunggelenkumgebenden Strukturen als wirksam erwiesen. Es gibt Hinweise, dass auch ein Training der intrinsischen Fußmuskulatur beispielsweise die Balance verbessern kann.

Ziel Ziel dieses narrativen Reviews ist die Darstellung der Evidenz eines Trainings der intrinsischen Fußmuskulatur bei Patient*innen mit Sprunggelenkinstabilität.

Methode Im Januar 2022 wurde in den Datenbanken PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, PEDro, SPONET und BISp-Surf eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, die durch eine Freihandsuche ergänzt wurde. Dabei sollten Metaanalysen, Systematic Reviews und Interventionsstudien inkludiert werden, die Effekte einer Trainingsform der intrinsischen Fußmuskulatur bei Patient*innen mit Sprunggelenkinstabilität untersuchten. Die qualitative Bewertung der Literatur und Evidenz erfolgte anhand des Risk-of-Bias-Tools (RoB-Tool) des Cochrane Handbook sowie angelehnt an das GRADE-System.

Ergebnisse Fünf randomisierte kontrollierte Studien mit insgesamt 150 Proband*innen wurden inkludiert. Vier Studien nutzten die Short-Foot Exercise (SFE), eine Studie die Towel-Curl Exercise (TCE) und eine wandte ein Training der Zehen an. Drei Studien wiesen einen großen, signifikant positiven Effekt (p<0,05) der SFE auf die subjektive Instabilität auf. Die SFE und das Zehentrainingsprogramm hatten signifikant positive Effekte (p<0,05) auf die Balance, wobei die Einbeziehung der SFE in ein Trainingsprogramm zu keinem Vorteil führte. Eine Studie stellte signifikant positive Auswirkungen (p<0,05) der SFE auf die Somatosensibilität fest. Alle 3 Trainingsformen führten zu deutlichen, signifikanten (p<0,05) Verbesserungen funktioneller Aspekte.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigen sich positive Effekte durch das Training der intrinsischen Fußmuskulatur bei Patient*innen mit Sprunggelenkinstabilität auf die subjektive Instabilität, Balance, Somatosensibilität sowie auf funktionelle Aspekte. Effektive Trainingsformen scheinen die SFE und ein Zehentraining zu sein, diese könnten eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur konventionellen Therapie darstellen. Die Qualität der Evidenz ist jedoch zu gering, um eine klare Empfehlung aussprechen zu können.