bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Black TiO2 Photocatalyst for Effective Water Remediation Under Visible Light Illumination Using Flow Systems
Authors: Yaghmaei Mahzad , da Silva Daliane R. C. , Rutajoga Nelson , Currie Sara , Li Yiran , Vallieres Morgan , Silvero Maria Jazmin , Joshi Neeraj , Wang Bowen , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: November 2024

Contaminated drinking water is a major health hazard in large urban areas as well as remote communities. Several pollutants detected in rivers and lakes are hormone disruptors that are harmful to consumers as well as aquatic life. In this contribution, we present a new material, synthesized using novel green technologies, designed for solar- or LED-driven degradation of pollutants. This material is based on a glass fiber support, loaded with black TiO2, a modified form of TiO2 with strong visible light absorption and without any toxic metal or non-metal dopants. This photocatalyst is fully compatible with flow applications. The effectiveness of the catalyst is demonstrated with crocin and 17β-estradiol, the former being a natural carotenoid used as a screening tool and the latter being a common hormonal disruptor. Our work shows that under visible light illumination, our supported black TiO2 can degrade these water contaminants with greater efficiency than conventional TiO2. We envision that our findings can contribute to the production of inexpensive, large-scale solar or LED-based water decontamination systems that could be rapidly deployed to sites in need. Operation of such systems would require minimal training and could be monitored remotely. In addition to the catalyst’s non-toxicity and inflow compatibility, the material also has a long shelf life and is easy and inexpensive to produce, making it an attractive candidate for developing water treatment devices.
Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial ROS and Function in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wang Harrison , Song Teng-Yao , Reyes-García Jorge , Wang Yong-Xiao
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) are a major contributor to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to the possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of ROS in PAECs are not well established. In this study, we first used Amplex UltraRed reagent to assess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation. The result indicated that hypoxic exposure resulted in a significant increase in Amplex UltraRed-derived fluorescence (i.e., H2O2 production) in human PAECs. To complement this result, we employed lucigenin as a probe to detect superoxide (O2−) production. Our assays showed that hypoxia largely increased O2− production. Hypoxia also enhanced H2O2 production in the mitochondria from PAECs. Using the genetically encoded H2O2 sensor HyPer, we further revealed the hypoxic ROS production in PAECs, which was fully blocked by the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone or myxothiazol. Interestingly, hypoxia caused an increase in the migration of PAECs, determined by scratch wound assay. In contrast, nicotine, a major cigarette or e-cigarette component, had no effect. Moreover, hypoxia and nicotine co-exposure further increased migration. Transfection of lentiviral shRNAs specific for the mitochondrial Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP), which knocked down its expression and associated ROS generation, inhibited the hypoxic migration of PAECs. Hypoxia largely increased the proliferation of PAECs, determined using Ki67 staining and direct cell number accounting. Similarly, nicotine caused a large increase in proliferation. Moreover, hypoxia/nicotine co-exposure elicited a further increase in cell proliferation. RISP knockdown inhibited the proliferation of PAECs following hypoxia, nicotine exposure, and hypoxia/nicotine co-exposure. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hypoxia increases RISP-mediated mitochondrial ROS production, migration, and proliferation in human PAECs; nicotine has no effect on migration, increases proliferation, and promotes hypoxic proliferation; the effects of nicotine are largely mediated by RISP-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling. Conceivably, PAECs may contribute to PH via the RISP-mediated mitochondrial ROS.
Improved Hydrothermal Conversion of Pea Pod Biomass for Production of Platform Chemicals with Organic Acid Catalysts
Authors: Lozano Pérez Alejandra Sophia , Romero Mahecha Valentina , Cuca Suarez Luis Enrique , Guerrero Fajardo Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2024

Agro-industries produce over 2 billion tons of agricultural waste annually, including by-products like bagasse, molasses, seeds, stems, leaves, straw, and shells. The use of agro-industrial waste is a way to reduce the impact of industrial processes on the environment. The pea pod is a biomass with a high concentration of cellulose, hemicellulose and some lignin; therefore, it can be used to produce platform chemicals by means of a hydrothermal process. There is limited research on the hydrolysis of pea biomass, but it has been shown to obtain high yields. This study analyzed the effectiveness and selectivity of the hydrothermal process using pea pod biomass with a particle size of 0.5 mm at 180 °C for one hour. A 500 mL reactor was used, with a biomass-to-acid solution ratio of 1:20. The concentration of the acid solution was 0.02 M. The concentrations of sugar, formic acid, levulinic acid, HMF, and furfural produced were measured. Among the catalysts studied, adipic acid catalysis showed the highest yield of 65.16%, with 37.09% of sugar, 16.37% of formic acid, and 11.71% of levulinic acid. On the other hand, the catalysts with chloroacetic acid, butyric acid, anthranilic acid, and phthalic acid were less effective but demonstrated selectivity for sugar production, proving that the liquid phase obtained using the catalyst with those acids can be used as carbon sources for a fermentation process. In general, when comparing the process with or without the use of a catalyst, it is observed that with a catalyst in the reaction, the amount of HMF and furfural produced is reduced and the selectivity with respect to sugar production is increased.
Reply to Garnemark et al. The Swedish National Formulary for Children ePed. Comment on “Shaniv et al. A Callout for International Collaboration. Reply to Giger, E.V.; Tilen, R. Comment on “Shaniv et al. Neonatal Drug Formularies—A Global Scope. Children 2023, 10, 848”. Children 2023, 10, 1803”
Authors: Shaniv Dotan , Smits Anne , Allegaert Karel ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Drug Formularies Group
Published: November 2024

We received the comment from our Swedish colleagues and have read it with interest [...]
Noninvasive Tools to Predict Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Congenital Heart Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Moschino Laura , Guiducci Silvia , Duci Miriam , Meggiolaro Leonardo , Nardo Daniel , Bonadies Luca , Salvadori Sabrina , Verlato Giovanna , Baraldi Eugenio
Published: November 2024

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frightening gastrointestinal emergency in newborns. Despite being primarily a disease of premature infants, neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of development. Acute and chronic hemodynamic changes in this population may lead to mesenteric circulatory insufficiency. Objectives: In this narrative review, we describe monitoring tools, alone or in multimodal use, that may help in the early recognition of patients with CHD at major risk of NEC development. Methods: We focused on vital parameters, echocardiography, Doppler flowmetry, abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy (aNIRS), and abdominal ultrasound (aUS). Results: The number of studies on this topic is small and includes a wide range of patients’ ages and types of CHD. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and certain echocardiographic indices (antegrade and retrograde velocity time integral, cardiac output, etc.) do not seem to differentiate infants with further onset of NEC from those not developing it. Hypotensive events, persistent diastolic flow reversal in the descending aorta, and low mesenteric oxygen saturation (rsSO2) measured by aNIRS appear to occur more frequently in infants who later develop NEC. aUS may be helpful in the diagnosis of cardiac NEC, potentially showing air contrast tracked to the right atrium in the presence of pneumatosis. Conclusions: This narrative review describes the current knowledge on bedside tools for the early prediction of cardiac NEC. Future research needs to further explore the use of easy-to-learn, reproducible instruments to assist patient status and monitor patient trends.
Severe Obesity Defined by Percentiles of WHO and Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth with Obesity
Authors: Valerio Giuliana , Di Bonito Procolo , Di Sessa Anna , Ballarin Giada , Calcaterra Valeria , Corica Domenico , Faienza Maria Felicia , Franco Francesca , Licenziati Maria Rosaria , Maffeis Claudio , Maltoni Giulio , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Morandi Anita , Mozzillo Enza , Wasniewska Malgorzata
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The pediatric definition of severe obesity (OB) depends on the body mass index (BMI) references. We evaluated different BMI-derived metrics of the World Health Organization (WHO) system to define which cut-off is associated with the highest cardiometabolic risk (CMR); Methods: In this multicentric study, data were retrieved for 3727 youths (1937 boys; 2225 children, 1502 adolescents). OB was defined as BMI > 97th percentile (BMI97th), severe OB was defined as BMI > 99th percentile (BMI99th), BMI ≥ 120% of the 97th percentile (120% BMI97th), or BMI Z-score > 3 (WHO tables), or BMI ≥ the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) value crossing a BMI of 35 kg/m2 at the age of 18 (IOTF35). The continuous CMR Z-score (sum of residual standardized for age and sex of waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol x −1) and the cluster of at least two CMR factors (hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, and high waist-to-height ratio) were calculated. Results: Continuous CMR Z-score was significantly higher both in children or adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI97th compared to BMI99th (p < 0.0001), while it was lower only in adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI97th compared to BMI Z-score >3 (p < 0.0001). Compared to 120% BMI97th, BMI Z-score > 3 and IOTF35 had higher specificity, but lower sensitivity in identifying children and adolescents with clustered CMR factors. Conclusions: The definition of severe OB based on 120% BMI97th is superior to BMI99th but it is inferior to BMI Z score > 3 as far as the association between severe OB and CMR factors is concerned. Pediatricians should take into consideration the implication of the use of different BMI metrics in those countries that recommend the WHO system. WHO BMI Z-score > 3 and IOTF35 can be used interchangeably to predict cardiometabolic risk.
Associations of Climatic Variables with Health Problems in Dairy Sheep Farms in Greece
Authors: Katsarou Eleni I. , Lianou Daphne T. , Michael Charalambia K. , Vasileiou Natalia G. C. , Papadopoulos Elias , Petinaki Efthymia , Fthenakis George C.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to study the potential effects of climatic conditions prevalent at the locations of sheep farms in the country. The specific objectives were to explore associations between climatic variables and the incidence of four clinical problems in sheep farms and, moreover, to compare these to the health management practices applied in the farms. Our hypothesis was that climatic factors may be associated with the prevalence of diseases in sheep farms; this will provide information regarding potential weather effects, to take into account in the efforts for control of the diseases. Data were obtained during a large cross-sectional investigation performed across Greece involving 325 sheep flocks. Climatic variables prevailing at the location of each farm were derived from ‘The POWER Project’. The annual incidence rate for abortion was 2.0% (95% confidence intervals: 1.9–2.1%), for clinical mastitis 3.9% (3.8–4.0%), for lamb pneumonia 1.4% (1.3–1.4%) and for lamb diarrhoea 7.9% (7.8–8.1%). In multivariable analyses, climatic variables emerged as significant predictors for abortion—high annual precipitation at the farm location (p = 0.024)—and for lamb diarrhoea—high average annual temperature range at the farm location (p < 0.0001)—but not for clinical mastitis or lamb pneumonia. The potential effects of climatic variables were found to be more important in lambs than in adult animals. Future studies may focus on how variations in temperature and precipitation can be translated into on-farm metrics to understand the impacts on sheep health and welfare.
Mn-Doped NaNbO3/Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Lead-Free Ferroelectric Ceramics with Enhanced Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Li Hui , Wang Erping , Gao Jingxia , Yue Liqin , Zhao Miao , Zhang Ling
Published: November 2024

NaNbO3-based ferroelectric composites are regarded as a highly promising typical energy storage material. In this work, 0.02xMnO2−(1−x)NaNbO3−xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3 composites were prepared by the solid-state sintering method and their microstructure, energy storage performance, and temperature stability were analyzed. As observed by the SEM images, the addition of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 to NaNbO3 in appropriate amounts can effectively suppress grain growth, which is beneficial for improving the breakdown field strength. When x = 0.3, an optimal value of 210 kV/cm is achieved. Meanwhile, as 2θ = 33.2°, the most intense XRD peak can be observed, indicating excellent solid solubility between the phase components. Consequently, 0.006MnO2–0.7NaNbO3–0.3Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 composites demonstrated an impressive discharging storage density of 2.464 J/cm3 and a considerable energy storage efficiency of 85.8%. In addition, within the temperature range of 30–80 °C, the fluctuation in energy storage density remains below 10%. All the above performances indicate that this type of material exhibits excellent practicality in the field of pulse power supply.
The Entropy of Mixing in Self-Assembly and the Role of Surface Tension in Modeling the Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Müh Frank
Published: November 2024

A theory for the micelle formation of nonionic head-tail amphiphiles (detergents) in aqueous solutions is derived based on the traditional molecular thermodynamic modeling approach and a variant of the Flory–Huggins theory that goes beyond lattice models. The theory is used to analyze experimental values for the critical micelle concentration of n-alkyl-ß-D-maltosides within a mass action model. To correlate those parts of the micellization free energy, which depend on the transfer of hydrophobic molecule parts into the aqueous phase, with molecular surfaces, known data for the solubility of alkanes in water are reanalyzed. The correct surface tension to be used in connection with the solvent-excluded surface of the alky tail is ~30 mN/m. This value is smaller than the measured surface tension of a macroscopic alkane–water interface, because the transfer free energy contains a contribution from the incorporation of the alkane or alkyl chain into water, representing the change in free volume in the aqueous phase. The Flory–Huggins theory works well, if one takes into account the difference in liberation free energy between micelles and monomers, which can be described in terms of the aggregation number as well as the thermal de Broglie wavelength and the free volume of the detergent monomer.
Simple Model for Tc and Pairing Symmetry Changes in Sr2RuO4 Under (100) Uniaxial Strain
Authors: Curtis Macauley , Gradhand Martin , Annett James F.
Published: November 2024

Uniaxial strain in the (100) direction has the effect of increasing the superconducting Tc in Sr2RuO4 from 1.5 K to over 3 K. The enhanced Tc corresponds to a Lifshitz transition in the Fermi surface topology of this unconventional superconductor. We model this using a simple two-dimensional one-band model for the γ sheet of the Fermi surface. This reproduces the experimental Tc results well if we assume a dx2−y2 singlet pairing state. On the other hand, the triplet state px+ipy does not show any distinct peaks in Tc associated with the Lifshitz transition. A mixed symmetry state pairing of the form d+ig can both describe the Tc changes and show a distinct transition temperature for time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB).
A New Heterometallic Silver/Cadmium Thiocyanate Directed by Benzyl Viologen Possessing Photocurrent Response and Photocatalytic Degradation on Rhodamine B in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Zhuang Xueqiang , Huang Xihe , Li Haohong , Lin Tianjin , Gao Yali
Published: November 2024

The search for new heterometallic metal pseudohalides will be significant for the development of novel functional materials. In this work, a new silver/cadmium heterometallic thiocyanate templated by benzyl viologen has been synthesized and structurally determined, i.e., {(BV)[Ag2Cd(SCN)6]}n (BV2+ = benzyl viologen). The interesting 1-D double chain [Ag2Cd(SCN)6]n2n− was constructed from the CdN6 octahedron and Ag2SCN6 dimers via μ2-SCN and μ3-S,S N SCN bridge, in which the Ag···Ag interaction can be found. Inter-molecular C-H···S/N hydrogen bonds between BV2+ cations and [Ag2Cd(SCN)6]n2n− chains contribute to the formation of a stable 3-D network. The short S···N distance implies the strong charge transfer (CT) interactions between the electron-rich silver/cadmium thiocyanate donor and BV2+ acceptor. This hybrid can exhibit a photo-generated current performance with an intensity of 1.75 × 10−8 A. Interestingly, this hybrid can present good photocatalytic degradation performance on rhodamine B in artificial seawater with a degradation ratio of 86.5% in 240 min. This work provides a new catalyst way for the organic dye-type ocean pollutant treatments.
Surface Modification and Tribological Performance of Calcium Phosphate Coatings with TiO2 Nanoparticles on VT1-0 Titanium by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Zhassulan Ainur , Ormanbekov Kuanysh , Shynarbek Aibek , Baizhan Daryn , Aldabergenova Tamara
Published: November 2024

The continuous development of biomedical materials necessitates exploring new solutions to enhance implant performance. This study investigates the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on calcium phosphate coatings applied to VT1-0 titanium substrates using micro-arc oxidation. Titanium, widely recognized for its excellent mechanical properties and compatibility, serves as an ideal substrate for implants. The coatings were synthesized in an electrolyte with varying titanium dioxide concentrations to examine their influence on surface morphology, wettability, roughness, hardness, and tribological characteristics. Characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and profilometry, were employed to analyze the coatings’ structural and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that increasing titanium dioxide concentrations leads to enhanced uniformity, reduced pore sizes, and higher hardness. Furthermore, the coatings showed improved wear resistance and reductions in friction coefficients at optimal nanoparticle levels. The inclusion of titanium dioxide significantly enhances the mechanical and tribological performance of the calcium phosphate coatings, making them suitable for biomedical applications, especially in implants requiring long-term durability and enhanced compatibility.
Wear Behaviour of Graphene-Reinforced Ti-Cu Waste-Metal Friction Composites Fabricated with Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Podobová Mária , Puchý Viktor , Sedlák Richard , Medveď Dávid , Džunda Róbert , Kromka František
Published: November 2024

In this study, we fabricated Ti-Cu-based friction composites containing waste-metal (Ti, CuZn, stainless steel (SSt), MgAl), Al2O3 due to improving properties and its good compatibility with copper and graphene nanoplatelets as reinforcement and lubricant component, using planetary ball mill and technique based on Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Understanding the wear behaviour of such engineered friction composites is essential to improve their material design and safety, as these materials could have the potential for use in public and industrial transportation, such as high-speed rail trains and aircraft or cars. This is why our study is focused on wear behaviour during friction between function parts of devices. We investigated the composite materials designed by us in order to clarify their microstructural state and mechanical properties. Using different loading conditions, we determined the Coefficient of Friction (COF) using a ball-on-disc tribological test. We analysed the state of the samples after the mentioned test using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), then Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and confocal microscopy. Also, a comparative analysis of friction properties with previously studied materials was performed. The results showed that friction composites with different compositions, despite the same conditions of their compaction during sintering, can be defined by different wear characteristics. Our study can potentially have a significant contribution to the understanding of wear mechanisms of Ti-Cu-based composites with incorporated metal-waste and to improving their material design and performance. Also, it can give us information about the possibilities of reusing metal-waste from different machining operations.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Status and Trends of Seamounts’ Research and Their Conservation
Authors: Pica Maria Luisa , Rendina Francesco , Cocozza di Montanara Adele , Russo Giovanni Fulvio
Published: November 2024

Seamounts are prominent volcanic seafloor features whose morphology affects many ocean processes, sustaining deep-sea communities and providing many ecosystem functions and services. Their study contributes to the understanding of many geological, oceanographic, biological, and ecological processes. Despite their acknowledged vulnerability to human activities and climate change, the recovery time and ecological implications need to be properly understood. Moreover, only recently conservation measures have been considered. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature related to seamounts and their conservation was conducted. The analysis allowed for the generation of network maps displaying the relationships among keywords and countries. A total of 8019 articles were found regarding seamounts, 332 of which were related to their conservation. The results show that the main research fields concerned with seamounts are geology, seismology, geochemistry, oceanography, and biodiversity, whereas those regarding their conservation are corals, marine protected areas, benthos, community structure, fisheries, and management measures. Scientific papers about seamounts were published by 191 authors across 50 countries, while 19 authors across 25 countries published about their conservation. This study highlights the necessity to expand scientific knowledge on seamounts, especially regarding their ecological processes, to provide useful data for the successful management and conservation of these still mostly unexplored habitats.
Abdominal B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jung Dennis , Schiestl Lina Judit , Schadmand-Fischer Simin , Schad Arno , Hasenburg Annette , Schwab Roxana
Published: November 2024

A 54-year-old patient presented in our clinic with pressure in the upper abdomen, dyspnea and abdominal distension. The clinical examination showed pleural effusion, ascites and an enlarged axillary lymph node on the right side. In gynecological sonography ascites, an ovarian cyst and peritoneal carcinosis in the pouch of Douglas were detected, which were potentially indicative of ovarian cancer. A staging laparoscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and to evaluate operability. Intraoperatively white milky ascites, white-yellow marbling of the liver and white stipple bedding on the diaphragm and liver were detected. The ovaries and the fallopian tubes were tumorously enlarged. Biopsies were taken from the right fimbrial funnel, the liver around the falciform ligament and the diaphragm. Histology of all abdominal biopsies and the axillary lymph node revealed high lymphatic infiltration matching a stage III B-cell-lymphoma. The patient was transferred to the hemato-oncological department for further therapy. Six cycles of cytostatic therapy with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine sulfate, prednisone) were initiated. The patient is doing well and in stable disease 6 months after completion of cytotoxic therapy. This case report presents a rare case of manifestation of an extra nodal B-cell-lymphoma with abdominal presentation that mimicked ovarian cancer.
Influence of Newborns’ Characteristics on Postpartum Depression: The Impact of Birth Season and Male Sex in a Romanian Cohort Study
Authors: Onuc Silvia , Banariu Gheorghe Mihail , Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Delcea Cristian , Niculescu Costin , Rus Mihaela , Badiu Diana , Tica Vlad
Published: November 2024

Background: Although risk factors associated with maternal postpartum depression (PPD) have been recognized, it is still unknown how some newborn characteristics could influence the appearance of PPD. Aim: Our research aimed to unravel the impact of a newborn’s features on women with PPD. Methods: The study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at our University Emergency County Hospital, between August 2019 and April 2021. We included 904 women from the second day of the postpartum period, divided into two groups: women with PPD (n = 236) and control (i.e., women without PPD, n = 668), by using the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale. Characteristic information on the newborns (i.e., the months in which they were born, premature delivery, birth weight, or sex) was evaluated. Results: Our results suggest that the winter season (i.e., December and January months, p = 0.01) births and male newborns (p = 0.02) were strongly related with the appearance of depressive symptoms during the postpartum period. Conclusions: Therefore, our study sustains that women who give birth to male newborns in the winter season are more prone to developing PPD. This should be analyzed by all public health care systems in order to prevent such a condition earlier in certain groups of women.
Impact of Coconut Oil and Its Bioactive Metabolites in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bafail Duaa , Bafail Abrar , Alshehri Norah , Alhalees Noura Hamdi , Bajarwan Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Interest in coconut oil (CO) as a potential dietary intervention has surged owing to its substantial medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) content. Therefore, sustaining cognitive function and potentially slowing the progression of AD are crucial. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of CO and its bioactive metabolites on AD and dementia. Methods: The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023450435). Relevant research articles published between January 2015 and June 2023 were systematically searched. Seven studies met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Thematic analysis was utilized to synthesis the data about the qualitative features, while meta-analysis was employed for the quantitative findings. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Forest plots were generated using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3). Results: The analysis revealed that all studies showed consistent results regarding the effects of CO on cognitive scores, with little variability in the true effects of CO on cognitive scores across the studies included in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: CO improved cognitive scores in patients with AD compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05). The results of this study add to the increasing amount of evidence indicating that MCTs found in CO might be a way to improve abilities and potentially slow the advancement of AD. The findings of this study may encourage the development of targeted dietary strategies and interventions for individuals at risk of or diagnosed with AD.
The Effects of Prophylactic Laxative Use on Critically Ill Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tao Heqing , Liu Ligang , Lu Weipeng , Ni Ziyan , Chen Xueqing , Nahata Milap C. , Peng Liang
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of prophylactic use of stimulant laxatives and/or docusate on the clinical outcomes in critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods: A single-center, retrospective, cohort study was conducted. Patients who received MV in the first 24 h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission were enrolled and divided into four groups: non-laxative, stimulant laxatives, docusate, and stimulant laxatives–docusate combination. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The major secondary outcomes included ICU-free days and ventilator-free days at 28 days; the other outcomes were ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP), enterobacterial infection, diarrhea, and electrolyte disturbances. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for confounders. Results: A total of 2129 patients were included in this study, 263 of whom received stimulant laxatives, 253 received docusate, 368 received a combination, and 1245 did not receive any laxative. The prophylactic use of docusate was associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.83, p = 0.002) and VAP (OR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.81, p = 0.001). It was also associated with an increase in ICU-free days at 28 days (β: 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.95, p < 0.001). Importantly, laxatives prophylaxis was not associated with increased risks of diarrhea, electrolyte disturbances, and enterobacterial infections. Conclusions: Prophylactic use of docusate may improve certain prognoses and does not demonstrate any adverse events. However, further research is necessary to determine the optimal regimen and dosage of prophylactic laxatives in this specific population.
Enhancing Lower Third Molar Surgery: Using The Piezoelectric Technique for Superior Postoperative Outcomes and Complication Prevention
Authors: Cantore Stefania , Silva Fábio França Vieira e , Bizzoca Maria Eleonora , Smimmo Annafrancesca , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Vianna Camolesi Gisela Cristina , Pérez-Sayáns Mario , Ballini Andrea
Published: November 2024

Background: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery and common postoperative complications are widely reported in the literature. Therefore, this prospective split-mouth study aims to compare the postoperative sequelae of piezoelectric surgery versus conventional surgery of the lower third molar, focusing on pain and swelling. Methodology: In total, 41 patients were treated under local anesthesia and surgical removal on one side of their mouth was performed using conventional rotary surgery (micromotor) while the other side’s was by piezosurgery, with an interval of 15 days from the previous procedure (82 extraction sites); in addition, pain and swelling analyses were conducted. Results: The pain analysis demonstrated a median of one day of pain in patients treated with piezoelectric surgery compared to two days with conventional surgery (p < 0.001). The probability of not feeling pain was greater in sites treated with experimental surgery on the first and second days (p < 0.001). The swelling was worse in places treated with the conventional method, with the most significant difference being the distance between the angle of the mandible and the upper lip vermilion on both days and the more subtle difference between the angle of the mandible and the anterior nasal spine on the seventh day. Conclusions: When a piezosurgical unit is used, according to the literature, is well known that it takes more time to perform the surgical extraction of third molars. Despite that, our results show that it causes less pain postoperatively, with faster improvement and a quicker reduction in swelling compared to conventional surgery.
Accuracy of the Conventional Facial Impression Method and Three-Dimensional Auricular Shape Data Obtained Using Extra- and Intraoral Optical Scanners
Authors: Kasahara Takumi , Oki Meiko , Kamijo Shingo , Takahashi Hidekazu
Published: November 2024

Background: Facial impression methods have been used to fabricate auricular prostheses; however, deformation due to the weight of the impression material remains. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of auricular three-dimensional (3D) data obtained using a 3D optical extraoral scanner and an intraoral scanner compared with that of a conventional facial impression method. Methods: Six auricles were digitized using an extraoral scanner with and without a reference board around the auricle and an intraoral scanner. Auricle casts fabricated using auricle impressions were scanned using a laboratory scanner. All obtained data were superimposed, and the 3D deformations of the different methods were evaluated using measurement mapping and root mean square (RMS) values. The length, width, and height of the auricular casts and scanned data were measured and compared with the sizes of the original auricles measured using a caliper. Results: Large displacements of the back and margins of the ears were observed, and the RMS values ranged from 0.5–2.4 mm. Larger widths and smaller heights of the scanned and impression data were observed compared to the anthropometric ear data. Conclusions: The study concluded that the fabrication of auricular prostheses using optical scanning is clinically acceptable. All examined scanning techniques demonstrated discrepancies within acceptable limits when compared to the conventional facial impression method.
Manual Therapy Techniques Versus Occlusal Splint Therapy for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Villar-Aragón-Berzosa Víctor , Obrero-Gaitán Esteban , Lérida-Ortega Miguel Ángel , López-Ruiz María del Carmen , Rodríguez-Almagro Daniel , Achalandabaso-Ochoa Alexander , Molina-Ortega Francisco Javier , Ibáñez-Vera Alfonso Javier
Published: November 2024

Background: Manual therapy (MT) and occlusal splint therapy (OST) are the most conservative therapies applied on patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The aim was to compare the efficacy of MT vs. OST in improving pain, maximal mouth opening (MMO), disability, and health related-quality of life (hr-QoL) in these patients. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis (CRD42022343915) was conducted including randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of MT vs. OST in TMD patients, after searching in PubMed, PEDro, SCOPUS, and WOS up to March 2024. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the PEDro Scale. Cohen’s standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were the pooled effect measures calculated. Results: Nine studies, providing data from 426 patients, were included. Meta-analyses revealed that MT is more effective than OST in reducing disability (SMD = −0.81; 95% CI −1.1 to −0.54) and increasing MMO (SMD = 0.52; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.76) without differences for improving pain intensity and hr-QoL. Subgroup analyses revealed the major efficacy of OST in reducing pain in myogenic patients (SMD = 0.65; 95% CI 0.02 to 1.28). Conclusions: With caution, due to the low number of studies included, MT may be more effective than OST for improving disability and MMO in patients with TMDs.
Joint Optimization of the 3D Model and 6D Pose for Monocular Pose Estimation
Authors: Guo Liangchao , Chen Lin , Wang Qiufu , Zhang Zhuo , Sun Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

The autonomous landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) relies on a precise relative 6D pose between platforms. Existing model-based monocular pose estimation methods need an accurate 3D model of the target. They cannot handle the absence of an accurate 3D model. This paper adopts the multi-view geometry constraints within the monocular image sequence to solve the problem. And a novel approach to monocular pose estimation is introduced, which jointly optimizes the target’s 3D model and the relative 6D pose. We propose to represent the target’s 3D model using a set of sparse 3D landmarks. The 2D landmarks are detected in the input image by a trained neural network. Based on the 2D–3D correspondences, the initial pose estimation is obtained by solving the PnP problem. To achieve joint optimization, this paper builds the objective function based on the minimization of the reprojection error. And the correction values of the 3D landmarks and the 6D pose are parameters to be solved in the optimization problem. By solving the optimization problem, the joint optimization of the target’s 3D model and the 6D pose is realized. In addition, a sliding window combined with a keyframe extraction strategy is adopted to speed up the algorithm processing. Experimental results on synthetic and real image sequences show that the proposed method achieves real-time and online high-precision monocular pose estimation with the absence of an accurate 3D model via the joint optimization of the target’s 3D model and pose.
Quaternion-Based Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Quadrotor with a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Deformable Arm for Narrow Environments
Authors: Liao Luwei , Yang Zhong , Chen Xu , Zhuo Haoze , Xu Hongyu , Xu Nuo , Cheng Danguo
Published: November 2024

Conventional multi-rotors with limited deformation capability are unable to meet the traversal capability of complex and narrow environments. In order to solve the above problems, a novel type of deformable quadrotor with a two-degree-of-freedom arm, named QTDA, is proposed. Firstly, the overall structural design of the QTDA is introduced, and its movement strategy is analyzed. Secondly, the Newton–Euler equations based on a quaternion are utilized to model the omnidirectional dynamics and kinematics of the system. Next, to tackle the multi-actuator control problem, a pseudo-inverse control allocation method is developed, along with an analysis of control allocation singularities. Furthermore, non-singular terminal sliding mode position control law and non-singular terminal sliding mode attitude control law based on a quaternion are designed. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methods. The results demonstrate the QTDA’s ability to traverse both narrow horizontal and vertical environments, thereby validating the effectiveness of the approach presented in this paper.
Efficient 3D Exploration with Distributed Multi-UAV Teams: Integrating Frontier-Based and Next-Best-View Planning
Authors: Ribeiro André , Basiri Meysam
Published: November 2024

Autonomous exploration of unknown environments poses many challenges in robotics, particularly when dealing with vast and complex landscapes. This paper presents a novel framework tailored for distributed multi-robot systems, harnessing the 3D mobility capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with advanced LiDAR sensors for the rapid and effective exploration of uncharted territories. The proposed approach uniquely integrates the robustness of frontier-based exploration with the precision of Next-Best-View (NBV) planning, supplemented by a distance-based assignment cooperative strategy, offering a comprehensive and adaptive strategy for these systems. Through extensive experiments conducted across distinct environments using up to three UAVs, the efficacy of the exploration planner and cooperative strategy is rigorously validated. Benchmarking against existing methods further underscores the superiority of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate successful navigation through complex 3D landscapes, showcasing the framework’s capability in both single- and multi-UAV scenarios. While the benefits of employing multiple UAVs are evident, exhibiting reductions in exploration time and individual travel distance, this study also reveals findings regarding the optimal number of UAVs, particularly in smaller and wider environments.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Wind Disturbance Rejection Control Strategy for UAV
Authors: Ma Qun , Wu Yibo , Shoukat Muhammad Usman , Yan Yukai , Wang Jun , Yang Long , Yan Fuwu , Yan Lirong
Published: November 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) face significant challenges in maintaining stability when subjected to external wind disturbances and internal noise. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a real-time wind speed fitting algorithm and a wind field model that accounts for varying wind conditions, such as wind shear and turbulence. To improve control in such conditions, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) strategy is developed and tested through both simulations and real-world experiments. The results indicate a 65% reduction in trajectory tracking error with the DRL controller. Additionally, a UAV built for testing exhibited enhanced stability and reduced angular deviations in wind conditions up to level 5. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DRL-based control strategy in increasing UAV resilience to wind disturbances.
Using Unmanned Aerial Systems Technology to Characterize the Dynamics of Small-Scale Maize Production Systems for Precision Agriculture
Authors: Manu Andrew , McDanel Joshua , Brummel Daniel , Avornyo Vincent Kodjo , Lawler Thomas
Published: November 2024

Precision agriculture (PA) utilizes spatial and temporal variability to improve the sustainability and efficiency of farming practices. This study used high-resolution imagery from UAS to evaluate maize yield variability across three fields in Ghana: Sombolouna, Tilli, and Yendi, exploiting the potential of UAS technology in PA. Initially, excess green index (EGI) classification was used to differentiate between bare soil, dead vegetation, and thriving vegetation, including maize and weeds. Thriving vegetation was further classified into maize and weeds, and their corresponding rasters were developed. Normal difference red edge (NDRE) was applied to assess maize health. The Jenks natural breaks algorithm classified maize rasters into low, medium, and high differential yield zones (DYZs). The percentage of bare spaces, maize, weed coverages, and total maize production was determined. Significant variations in field conditions showed Yendi had 34% of its field as bare, Tilli had the highest weed coverage at 22%, and Sombolouna had the highest maize crop coverage at 73.9%. Maize yields ranged from 860 kg ha−1 in the low DYZ to 4900 kg ha−1 in the high DYZ. Although yields in Sombolouna and Tilli were similar, both fields significantly outperformed Yendi. Scenario analysis suggested that enhancing management practices to elevate low DYZs to medium levels could increase production by 2.1%, while further improvements to raise low and medium DYZs to high levels could boost productivity by up to 20%.
Learning Improvement Heuristics for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Task Allocation
Authors: Fan Boyang , Bo Yuming , Wu Xiang
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, small UAV swarms with the capability of carrying inexpensive munitions have been highly effective in strike missions against ground targets on the battlefield. Effective task allocation is crucial for improving the overall operational effectiveness of these UAV swarms. Traditional heuristic methods for addressing the task allocation problem often rely on handcrafted rules, which may limit their performance for the complicated tasks. In this paper, a NeuroSelect Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (NSDPSO) algorithm is presented for the Multi-UAV Task Allocation (MUTA) problem. Specifically, a Transformer-based model is proposed to learn design NeuroSelect Heuristic for DPSO to improve the evolutionary process. The iteration of DPSO is modeled as a decomposed Markov Decision Process (MDP), and a reinforcement learning algorithm is employed to train the network parameters. The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Solar Wind Turbulence and Complexity Probed with Rank-Ordered Multifractal Analysis (ROMA)
Authors: Echim Marius , Munteanu Costel , Voitcu Gabriel , Teodorescu Eliza
Published: November 2024

The Rank-Ordered Multifractal Analysis (ROMA) is a tool designed to characterize scale (in)variance and multifractality based on rank ordering the fluctuations in “groups” characterized by the same mono-fractal behavior (Hurst exponent). A range-limited structure-function analysis provides the mono-fractal index for each rank-ordered range of fluctuations. We discuss here two examples of multi-scale solar wind turbulence and complexity where ROMA is applied on the following: (a) data collected by Ulysses spacecraft in the fast solar wind, outside the ecliptic, between 25 and 31 January 2007, at roughly 2.5 Astronomical Units (AU) from the Sun, in the Southern heliosphere, at latitudes between −76.5 and −77.3 degrees, and (b) slow solar wind data collected in the ecliptic plane by Venus Express spacecraft, at 0.72 AU, on 28 January 2007. The ROMA spectrum of fast solar wind derived from ULYSSES data shows a scale-dependent structure of fluctuations: (1) at the smallest/kinetic range of scales (800 to 3200 km), persistent fluctuations are dominant, and (2) at the inertial range of scales (104 to 2 × 105 km), anti-persistent fluctuations are dominant, but less clearly developed and possibly indicative for the development of instabilities with cross-over behavior. The ROMA spectrum of the slow solar wind derived from Venus Express data, suggests a different structure of turbulence: (1) fully developed multifractal turbulence across scales between 5 × 104 and 4 × 105 km, with the Hurst index changing from anti-persistent to persistent values for the larger amplitude magnetic fluctuations; (2) at the smallest scales (400 to 6400 km), fluctuations are mainly anti-persistent, and the ROMA spectrum indicates a tendency towards mono-fractal behavior.
Modified Landauer Principle According to Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Herrera Luis
Published: November 2024

The Landauer principle establishes a lower bound in the amount of energy that should be dissipated in the erasure of one bit of information. The specific value of this dissipated energy is tightly related to the definition of entropy. In this article, we present a generalization of the Landauer principle based on the Tsallis entropy. Some consequences resulting from such a generalization are discussed. These consequences include the modification to the mass ascribed to one bit of information, the generalization of the Landauer principle to the case when the system is embedded in a gravitational field, and the number of bits radiated in the emission of gravitational waves.
Two Monotonicity Results for Beta Distribution Functions
Authors: Hornik Kurt
Published: November 2024

Write pbeta(·,α,β) for the distribution function of the Beta distribution with parameters α and β. We show that α↦pbeta(α/(α+β),α,β) is decreasing and α↦pbeta(α/(α+β),α+1,β) is increasing over the positive reals, with the common limit for α→∞ expressible in terms of the Gamma distribution functions, and discuss implications for the distribution functions of the Gamma, Poisson and Binomial distributions.