bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Grand Saint-Antoine's Cargo
Authors: Rocchi Jean Michel , Topalovic Ivan
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, a renowned historical case study is explored, focusing on the resurgence of the plague in 18th-century Europe. The center stage is occupied by the port of Marseille in this narrative, as a contaminated cargo ship from the Levant inadvertently brought back the dreaded disease. Despite the implementation of effective protective measures across Europe since the Renaissance, all existing protocols mysteriously managed to be evaded by this particular vessel and its valuable cargo. The rapid spread of the plague is argued by researchers to be directly attributed to an instance of “crime of the powerful.” It is emphasized by the authors that corruption, contrary to the prevailing notion that it is a victimless crime, can have devastating consequences in extreme cases like this, leading to tens of thousands of deaths.
Consumer Risk Perception Towards Cybercrimes and E-Commerce
Authors: Au Yong Hui Nee , Kuah Yoke Chin , Wei Chooi Yi , Rafay Abdul
Published: September 2023

The concept of this chapter is to review the literature for a research gap on risk perception among online consumers and the intention for online purchases in Malaysia. Online platforms and digital payments make online shopping easier. During the year 2020 - 2021, online shopping had become increasingly active with the spike of the novel coronavirus pandemic. Online users who share their personal information online are most likely getting into the scammer's trap. Malaysia executed the national cyber security policy to defend the country's critical national information infrastructure. Financial awareness among online users plays a crucial role in fighting cybercrime. Digital guardianship should exist to prevent irresponsible parties from taking advantage. The routine activity theory has been proposed to explain the phenomenon whereby the offender makes the selection to commit a crime based on an online shopper as his target and the guardianship.
Investigations of Financial Fraud
Authors: Damulis Martynas
Published: September 2023

Financial fraud is a broad description including all frauds or scams that consist of credit card scams, insurance frauds, money laundering, securities frauds, or income statement misinformation to name a few. Out of all these misconducts, this chapter discussed only securities fraud that consists of any manipulation strategy to make a profit, whether income statement or market manipulation. Various cases are analyzed to describe the impact of frauds, how people's lives changed, and how cognitive biases/behavior heuristics can identify potential fraud. In the literature review section, it is analyzed how researchers and analyst who implements cognitive psychology can detect red flags of the phenomenon. The main limitations were the lack of research about the impact on victims' lives, the impact of fraud on social structure, the psychology of the frauds, and the cognitive bias/heuristics that a fraudster shows. The study laid the foundation for further research studies because more research is required to fully analyze this complex topic.
The Impact of Corruption on Tax Revenue
Authors: Andıç Nagihan Özkanca
Published: September 2023

In today's interconnected world, corruption is on the rise, bringing about harmful consequences such as the widespread evasion of taxes, irregular exemptions, and a weakened tax administration. These issues collectively contribute to a decline in tax revenues, affecting both developed and underdeveloped nations. Corruption takes various forms, but corruption involving public employees is particularly destructive, as it not only results in a loss of tax revenue but also gives rise to other social problems. This research aims to investigate the relationship between different types of taxes and corruption, aiming to determine which taxes are more vulnerable to corrupt practices. To achieve this, the study presents a conceptual framework and explores the causes and effects of corruption before conducting a regression analysis to assess its impact on tax revenues in Türkiye.
A Study on Health Locus of Control and Anxiety of Pregnant Women
Authors: Sung Mi Hae
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basic data for improving anxiety relevant to characteristics of pregnant women. The researcher has examined the degree of anxiety of pregnant women and relationship between the characteristics of Health Locus of Control(HLC) and the anxiety. This research was conducted among 202 pregnant women who visited two obstetric outpatient departments for antenatal care at University hospitals in Seoul and Pusan, from December 1, 1998 to January 10, 1999. The tools used for this study were questionnaire and Wallsston and Wallston's HLC Scale was used for measurement of anxiety. The result of this study was as follows; 1. The mean age was 29 years, proportion of women completed high school was 53.5%, the most and low class was the most, 81.2%, necleas family, the most, 92.1% and the most(70.3%)was the buddist.2. 70.3% had experience of 1-2 pregnancy and 54.0%, the most had 1-2 child, 7-9 month pregnancy is the highest percentage, 66.3% and the most pregnant women(81.2%) was satisfied with their husbands and highest level of 70.8% revealed no change in sexual life compared to before pregnancy.3. Expectant women showed HLC-Internal and low level of anxiety.4. The factors of education and economics related to the intensify of the anxiety significantly.5. The anxiety was affected by relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy.It is conducted that the anxiety of pregnant women may be increased due to education, economics, relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy.
A Study on the Effect of Doula's Roles including Therapeutic Touch on Labor and Delivery Process among Middle Aged Women
Authors: Kim Gum Juing , Yoo Eun Kwang
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to define the effects of the roles played by the Doulas : one group educated on the conventional Lamaze method known to have effects on birth pang during delivery process and the other group educated both on Lamaze and therapeutic touch. On the various factors of delivery, and thereby, provide for some basic data to develop an effective nursing intervention to relieve women of their birth pang. 136 mothers who were hospitalized in a general hospital from June 13, 1998 to May 13, 1998 to May 13, 1999 to deliver their first babies were sampled to be divided into control group, test group I and test group II and thus be subject to interviews and observations. As for the tool of study, melzack's(1975) 'pain scale', McCaffery's(1972) and Mcrachlan's(1974) 'pain expression scales' and Spielberger's (1975) 'anxiety scale' were used. The preparatory educational programs consisted of 5week Lamaze method and therapeutic touch.The research, design was quasi-experimental, non equivalent, posttest only control group design. The collected data were processed using the SPSS/PC statistics software for frequencies, means and one-way Anova as well as Tukey HSD and Scheffe test as post hoc for individual comparison. Moreover, chi-square test was used to test the differences between groups, while Pearson's correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the correlations between anxiety and variables.The findings are as follows ; 1. The birth pain of the mothers delivering first babies scored in a subjective and objective pain scale; 1) There was a significant difference of subjective birth pain at 8~10cm opening of cervix between control group and two test groups.2) There was no significant difference of objective birth pain as per opening of cervex among three groups in terms of sweating, facial movement, bodily posture and vocal changes.2. There was no significant difference of trait anxiety among three groups. however, there was a significant difference of state anxiety during labor process between control group and two test groups. On the other hand, all the three groups showed a significantly lower level of anxiety during labor process than when they were carried to the hospital.3. There was a significant difference of the time of total and first-stage labor among three groups, while there was a significant but small difference of the time elapsed from 8~10cm cervix open to the full among three groups.4. Two test groups showed a higher frequency of natural deliveries than the control group.5. Two test groups were subject to these drugs than the control group. In conclusion, it was found that the test group I and II showed a shorter delivery time than the control group, a higher frequency of natural delivery and a lesser use of anodyne or epidural. In particular, this study is significant to develop a nursing intervention service or a therapeutic touch which the nursing administrators can apply to their hospitals in marketing programs.
Decisional balance corresponding to the Stage of Adoption for Mammography in Middle Aged Women
Authors: Park Young Joo , Chang Sung Ok , Kang Hyun Chul
Published: September 2023

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean women toward mammography screening. From Dec. 20, 1998 to Apr. 30, 1999, a samples of 1,903 subjects were selected from 7 metropolitan areas and 6 provinces of Korea. Data was collected using Rakowski et al's decisional balance scale to measure the decisional balance regarding a woman's adoption of mammography screening and to assess the woman's current stages of adoption of mammography. The classification of women according to the stage of adoption of mammography was 54.9 % in precontemplation, 31.9 % in contemplation, 7.8 % in action, and 5.5 % in maintenance. The mean difference of pros, cons, and the decisional balance by the stage of mammography adoption were statistically significant.There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a woman's experience with and intention for mammography and the pros score, the cons score, and the decisional balance score. The behavioral portion of stage of mammography adoption provides a further level of discrimination. Results provide the empirical evidence for the Transtheoretical model.
The Pregnant Women's Decision-making Process about Their Infants Feeding Method
Authors: Jeong Geum Hee , Kim Shin Jeong
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was done to explore the pregnant women's decision-making process about their infants feeding method. Data collection involved the in-depth unstructured interviews with 12 participants from January 1998 to January 1999. Data analysis was done by the grounded theory method. The 112 concepts, 29 sub-categories were confirmed in the analysis. The sub-categories were again grouped into 14 categories: expectation, situational condition, inevitability of breast- feeding, social recognition, self-awareness as mother, harmony, consideration, pursuit of ease, effect of external environments, lack of knowledge, hardening, the best choice, control, and bargain. " Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was the key category that was related to all categories. "Adjustment through recognizing of motherhood" was a process in which the mother became aware of mothering and sharing, and in which she considered herself or infant's needs and their priorities. This research will help nurse to understand mother's needs better. Therefore, nurse will be able to assist mother making the best decision for herself and her infant.
A Study on the Factors related to postpartum Depression in Postpartum Women
Authors: Choi Euy Soon , Oh Jeong Ah
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic. data for developing a program for effective prevention for Postpartum Depression(PPD) by investigating the level of PPD in postpartum 2weeks women.The subjects were 384 women who visited obstetrical clinics for postnatal care. The data were collected from June 29, 1999 to April. 2000, using a 46-item questionnaire related to PPD, and analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe test, stepwise multiple regression.The results were as follows : 1. The level of PPD according to general characteristics Women had mild PPD(Min score: 46.0, Max score: 124.0). The PPD levels were significantly differences according to religion and marital satisfaction(p<0.05).2. The level of PPD according to obstetrical characteristics 1) Characteristics related to pregnancy The PPD levels were significantly differences according to mood change, confidence of body weight recovery, depression related to appearance change, husband's help to housework, and husbands's emotional support (p<0.05).2) Stressful events during pregnancy The PPD levels were significantly differences according to financial problem, conflict between partners, conflict between family, and husband's job change(p<0.05).3) Characteristics related to delivery and post natal period The PPD levels were significantly differences according to baby's health state, parenting confidence, and difficulties related to postpartum care(p<0.05).3. The variables to predict postpartum depression in postpartum women are depression related to appearance change (10.4%), parenting confidence(8.8%), husband's help to housework(2.7%), confidence of body weight recovery (2.4%), husband's job change(1.9%), baby's health state (0.9%), difficulties related to postpartum care (1.6%), mood change (1.2%), conflict between partners (0.6%), marital satisfaction (0.5%), financial problem (0.4%). The sum total of all the above variables can account for 32.4% of postpartum depression.4. The level of PPD according to PPD factors. Women had the highest degree of PPD in biophysiological phenomena-disturbance of physical functioning factor. The factors of relationship to baby-negative feeling and cognitive phenomena-self concept disturbance were showed the lowest degree of PPD.As a result of the above findings, a systemic and individualized program is strongly recommended for PPD prevention, diagnosis, and care for PPD in postpartum women. In near future, this study should be expanded to investigate the coping skills according to the PPD levels in postpartum women.
Subjective Symptoms of Fatigue in Postpartum Women
Authors: Kim Shinjeong , Jeong Geum Hee , Kim Taehee
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data the health care of postpartum women. Three hundred seventy five women who were 3days postpartum were enrolled at two university hospitals. Data were collected from April 1999 to November, 1999 using a questionnaire titled "Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception" designed by the Fatigue Research Committee of Japan. The collected data were scored by the use of mean and standard deviation according to the subjective symptoms of fatigue and each item was analyzed independent variable by the t-test and the ANOVA test.The results were as follows: 1. The average fatigue score of subjects was 1.61. Physical fatigue had the highest value with a mean of 1.82, followed by neuro-sensory fatigue with a mean score of 1.54, psychological fatigue was rated lowest with a mean of 1.45.2. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statisticallY significant differences in difficulty of labor (t=2.335, p=.020, sleeping tirre(t=2.340, p=.020) and desirability of pregnancy(t=2,409, p=.018).
The Effect of Foot Massage on Anxiety Response in Preoperative Patients undergoing Total Hysterectomy
Authors: Kim Hye soon , Chang Chun Ja
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot massage on anxiety response in preoperative patients undergoing total hysterectomy. Among the fifty patients, twenty-five were the experimental group receiving foot massage for 10-minutes and twenty-five were the control group. Subjects were admitted to a hospital in Inchon city for total hysterectomy. This study was carried out from July 10th, to September 18th, 2000. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Aanalogue Scale(VAS). State Anxiety Scale, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, t-test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test and ANCOVA with SPSS/pc program.The results were summarized as followings: 1. After foot massage, VAS anxiety level, state anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the foot massage.2. After foot massage, significant differences in the VAS anxiety level, state anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, pulse and respiration rate between the experimental and control groups were found. In conclusion, foot massage for 10 minutes is a useful nursing intervention that decreases anxiety in preoperative patients undergoing total hysterectomy.
Detection and evaluation of different morphological forms of Mycoplasma hominis in human semen
Authors: Bragina Elizaveta , Sorokina Tatyana , Chogovadze Avtandil , Shevchenko Yulia , Chernykh Vyacheslav , Barkhatova Olga , Rakovskaya Irina
Published: September 2023

Recently discovered microcolonial forms of Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and their impact on human spermatogenesis are studied. The spermatozoa of 125 fertile men (sperm donors; from Reprobank [Reproductive Tissue Bank, Moscow, Russia]) and of 93 patients with fertility problems (from the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Centre for Medical Genetics [RCMG]”, Moscow, Russia) were used. Classical colonies of M. hominis and microcolonies were detected by molecular biological methods, culture of bacteria, and transmission electron microscopy. The unique structure of microcolonial cells, in which the cytoplasmic cylinder is surrounded by concentric electron-dense and electron-light layers with a periodicity of 12–14 nm, and the ability of microcolonial cells to attach to spermatozoa are shown. In patients with lower sperm quality, microcolonies of M. hominis were detected 2.5 times more frequently than classical colonies. The detection of microcolonies in the ejaculate and the frequent isolation of microcolonies from sperm samples of patients with fertility problems suggest that microcolonial cells may be one cause of infertility.
Gingival enlargement in acute myeloid leukemia – A rare case report
Authors: Aditya Vangara , Shalini Halappa Sasvehalli , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman
Published: September 2023

Gingival enlargement is an early indicator of systemic diseases, and acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are aggressive hematological neoplasms that can cause mortality within days. A 73-year-old male patient with rapid gingival enlargement was referred to hematology clinics for further diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Gingival enlargement caused by AML-M5 was determined based on peripheral blood smear and blood parameters, and the patient was instructed to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine to maintain good oral hygiene. Gingival enlargement is common in AML, and dental professionals need to be aware of how systemic diseases present clinically. Early detection of oral/periodontal findings can lead to targeted chemotherapy and supportive care for leukemic patients. Dentists play a crucial role in diagnosing acute leukemia, as oral lesions are one of the earliest manifestations. To ensure early diagnosis and referral, dental health-care individuals must be knowledgeable about the clinical signs and symptoms of acute leukemia.
Knowledge and Perception of dental students towards Hepatitis B and C infection in South Indian dental college
Authors: Murali Dhamini P , Abraham Helen Mary , Philip Jacob Mathew , Venkatakrishnan CJ
Published: September 2023

Context:

Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are known threats to health-care professionals. Optimum knowledge and healthy perception are essential armor that can help dental professionals in treating these patients ethically and safely.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to assess knowledge and perception of dental students toward hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection.

Settings and Designs:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of 100 dental undergraduates toward hepatitis B and C infections in a dental college.

Subjects and Methods:

A self-administered close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive analysis was done, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Chi-square test was done.

Results:

The knowledge of dental students regarding hepatitis C was found to be lacking in comparison to hepatitis B. There was found to be some negativity in the perception of dental students toward treating hepatitis B and C patients; however, it was higher toward hepatitis C.

Conclusions:

Improvising awareness and knowledge toward hepatitis C can be stressed in dental institutions to equip dental students to treat patients ideally. Counseling can be introduced to improvise attitude toward treatment HBV- and HCV-positive patients.
Analysis of the National List of Essential Medicines 2022: Hits and misses
Authors: Sharma Sushil , Tejus V. , Madhavrao C , Rangari Gaurav , Misra Arup Kumar , Kutikuppala L. V. Simhachalam , Innamuri Sairam
Published: September 2023

Essential medicines are those that satisfy the “priority health care needs” of the population. Essential Medicines are selected based on efficacy and safety and comparative cost-effectiveness with due regards to public health relevance. The essential medicine list (EML) was created with the intention of ensuring that certain medications are accessible in sufficient quantities, in the proper dosage forms and strengths, and with guaranteed quality. For a country like India, with limited resources this is obviously important. In this article, we analyze the recently approved National list of essential medicine (NLEM) 2022 of India NLEM 2022 has quite significant changes as compared with NLEM 2015. The creation of NLEM 2022 followed a process which is like that adopted for NLEM 2015 includes numerous rounds of meetings with subject matter experts, various stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), patient groups, civil societies, the pharmaceutical industry, manufacturing associations, concerned government departments and organizations. The NLEM 2022 has been modified with new sections and subsections being added, thus helping in better classification of therapeutic classes of drugs.
Evaluation of analgesic activity of Shorea robusta extracts in Wistar rats
Authors: Praveen  , Srinivas L. D.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Recent studies have shown presence of flavonoids in Shorea species. Flavanoids halt prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins are involved in pain perception.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic leaf extracts in albino wistar rats.

METHODOLOGY:

Ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta leaf extract 300mg/kg/bw was prepared . Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups i.e control, test & standard, each group with 6 animals each . SRE 300 mg/kg/ bw was administered orally to test group . Tramadol 10 mg/kg/bw was administered orally to standard group & NS 10ml/kg/bw was administerd to control group. Analgesic activity measured by tailflick method & hot plate method. Reaction time noted. Statistical analysis done.

RESULTS:

Study showed significant peripheral analgesic activity as evidenced by increase in raction time to tailflick method.

CONCLUSION:

Shorea robusta leaf extract (300 mg/kg/bw) has good peripheral analgesic action.
Abnormal uterine bleeding in an adult female after consumption of itraconazole and Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Patil Anant D.
Published: September 2023

Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Considering its favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of superficial fungal infections, it is commonly used in dermatological clinical practice. This is a case report of the interaction between itraconazole and Tinospora cordifolia.
Efficacy of early biologic therapy versus late/conventional therapy in children and adolescents with Crohn’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jin Zhixiao , Hao Jia
Published: September 2023

Background:

The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of early biologics compared to conventional treatment in the management of Crohn’s disease among pediatric and adolescent patients.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four electronic databases to identify relevant studies published from inception to 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that reported on the efficacy and clinical outcomes of early biologic therapy compared to late/conventional therapy in children with Crohn’s disease. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle Ottawa scale.

Results:

A total of 13 studies (2 RCTs and 11 cohort studies), involving 861 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that early biologic therapy was associated with a significantly higher rate of clinical remission (risk ratio [RR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.54), lower relapse rates (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.53), and improved mucosal healing (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10–1.97) compared to late/conventional therapy. However, it should be noted that there was evidence of publication bias among studies reporting clinical remission.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, early biologic therapy is significantly more effective in achieving clinical remission (within two years of diagnosis), promoting mucosal healing, and reducing relapse rates in pediatric and adolescent patients with Crohn’s disease, compared to late/conventional therapy. These findings emphasize the importance of initiating biological therapy early in the treatment of Crohn’s disease in this patient population.
An Ensemble Classification Method Based on Deep Neural Networks for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Gao Yan , Rezaeipanah Amin
Published: September 2023

Advances in technology have led to advances in breast cancer screening by detecting symptoms that doctors have overlooked. In this paper, an automatic detection system for breast cancer cases based on Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed. First, using IoT technology, direct medical images are sent to the data repository after the suspicious person's visit through medical equipment equipped with IoT. Then, in order to help radiologists, interpret medical images as best as possible, we use four pre-trained convolutional neural network models including InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, VGG19 and ResNet152. These models are combined by an ensemble classifier. Also, these models are used to accurately predict cases with breast cancer, healthy people, and cases with pneumonia by using two datasets of X-RAY and CT-scan in a three-class classification. Finally, the best result obtained for CT-scan images belongs to InceptionResNetV2 architecture with 99.36% accuracy and for X-RAY images belongs to InceptionV3 architecture with 96.94% accuracy. The results show that this method leads to a reduction in daily visits to medical centers and thus reduces the pressure on the medical care system. It also helps radiologists and medical staff to detect breast cancer in its early stages.
Obese Occupant Response in Reclined and Upright Seated
Postures in Frontal Impacts
Authors: Somasundaram Karthik , Humm John R. , Yoganandan Narayan , Hauschild Hans , Driesslein Klaus , Pintar Frank A.
Published: September 2023

The American population is getting heavier and automated vehicles will
accommodate unconventional postures. While studies replicating mid-size and
upright fore-aft seated occupants are numerous, experiments with post-mortem
human subjects (PMHS) with obese and reclined occupants are sparse. The
objective of this study was to compare the kinematics of the head-neck, torso
and pelvis, and document injuries and injury patterns in frontal impacts. Six
PMHS with a mean body mass index of 38.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2 were equally
divided between upright and reclined groups (seatback: 23°, 45°), restrained by
a three-point integrated belt, positioned on a semi-rigid seat, and exposed to
low and moderate velocities (15, 32 km/h). Data included belt loads, spinal
accelerations, kinematics, and injuries from x-rays, computed tomography, and
necropsy. At 15 km/h speed, no significant difference in the occupant kinematics
and evidence of orthopedic failure was observed. At 32 km/h speed, the primary
difference between the cohorts was significantly larger Z displacements in the
reclined occupant at the head (190 ± 32 mm, vs. 105 ± 33 mm p < 0.05) and
femur (52 ± 18 mm vs. 30 ± 10 mm, p < 0.05). All the moderate-speed tests
produced at least one thorax injury. Rib fractures were scattered around the
circumference of the rib-cage in the upright, while they were primarily
concentrated on the anterior aspect of the rib-cage in two reclined specimens.
Although MAIS was the same in both groups, the reclined specimens had more
bi-cortical rib fractures, suggesting the potential for pneumothorax. While not
statistical, these results suggest enhanced injuries with reclined obese
occupants. These results could serve as a data set for validating the response
of restrained obese anthropometric test device (ATDs) and computational human
body models.
Passive investing and corporate governance: a law and economics analysis
Authors: S. Lund Dorothy
Published: September 2023

The second, expanded edition of the acclaimed Encyclopedia represents a major update of the most authoritative reference work in the field of law and economics and the nine print volumes are now released online as a single integrated product.
Legal Aspects of Ensuring Food Security in Modern Conditions of Development
Authors: Kulaiets Andrii , Kulayets Mariia , Shynkaruk Lidiia , Kendus Daria , Gerashchenko Mykyta
Published: September 2023

Using the method of dialectical philosophy and its historical materialism, the main objective of the study was to analyze the modern legal aspects of ensuring food security in modern conditions of development. In this context, the subject of study is the food security system in general, under the hypothesis that states: the fundamental basis for ensuring national food security of the state in the modern world is the effective and sustainable development of its agricultural sector. Based on the results of the study, the key features of the legal support of food security in modern conditions of development were identified. In the conclusions of the case, it has been established that public policies and their relational framework should try at every moment to ensure food security, as an integral part of the agrarian law system, so that, form the dualistic legal nature of its understanding: as an agrarian legal institution and fundamental principle of the agrarian law branch.
Legal dimensions of innovative development management functions
Authors: Liakhovych Galyna , Ivanyuta Viktoriya , Mokhonko Ganna , Vakun Oksana , Lyakhovych Ulyana
Published: September 2023

Using dialectical, systemic, logical and historical methods of scientific knowledge, the main purpose of the article was to study the features of the state legal regulation of the innovation development management system. The subject of the research is the system of innovative development. The sphere of innovation at the present stage acts as a highly organized type of activity that requires the reciprocal influence of the state. The experience of developed countries shows that the existence of a market economy is not a sufficient condition for technological growth. It is concluded that consistent state regulatory measures are needed to create a favorable innovation climate to help develop the country’s scientific and technical potential. As a result of the study, a number of key aspects of state legal regulation of the innovation development management system were identified.
Personal security and sustainable development at work
Authors: Tsymbal Bohdan , Dreval Yuriy , Petryshchev Artem , Andreev Andrey
Published: September 2023

The objective of the work was to study the international aspects of the regulation of social and labor relations, with emphasis on global processes and their influence, on the part of international institutions, on the security of the individual and stable development in the work environment. The study used scientific methods such as: systemic analysis, comparison, functional historical, legal comparative and communicative. It was established that the sharp multiplication of global problems that have currently appeared before mankind requires consensual efforts of all members of the world community. In the conclusions it was stressed that all measures of the world community in terms of labor have to start from the true fact that it affirms the safety and dignity of work of each person as a fundamental value. Consequently, the category «security» should be considered not only as an abstract dominant of development of a certain spectrum of labor social relations, but also as a real reason for the valid assurance of each individual. Definitely, the guarantee of safety should be based on the active position of each separate individual, not only in the sphere of occupational safety and hygiene, but in all spheres of social relations.
Lineamientos teóricos para el desarrollo de una política de promoción del ecoturismo
Authors: Vorovka Volodymyr , Marchenko Oksana , Postol Anatolii , Salnikova Maryna , Khanas Ulyana
Published: September 2023

Ecotourism is based on the economic use of the natural areas and monuments of a given community, whose practice is based on sustainability, responsibility and the wellbeing of the local population. The development of this type of policy must be based on specifically designed planning and management, supported by the principles of conservation and sustainability. The objective of this article was to identify the theoretical guidelines involved in the development of a coherent ecotourism promotion policy. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a phenomenological and hermeneutic methodology was used, with a predominance of digital documentary sources, whose main theme was the formulation and design of policies that promote ecotourism, its promotion and development, which were analyzed and discussed to draw up the conclusions of the study. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the theoretical guidelines for the development of a policy to promote ecotourism focus on nature conservation, sustainability, local development and environmental education, understood as forces capable of promoting sustainable development as a whole.
Políticas deportivas en el mundo actual
Authors: Bilohur Vlada , Nesterenko Nataliia , Syvokhop Eduard , Protsenko Andriy , Tsybulska Viktoriia , Stupnyk Yaroslav
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this article was to describe sports policies in today›s world in order to review the role that the State plays in the promotion of sports at the international level, in order to establish the best mechanisms for the promotion of sports. This study was based on a methodology of hermeneutic analysis of texts, reports and specialized research on the subject in order to comply with the set objective. After the bibliographic review, we proceeded to contrast the various sources consulted to make an integral exposition of the current state of sports policies from a global approach, to then explain the roles and functions exercised by the State with respect to the planning and design of its sports policy. Everything allows us to conclude that such policies vary in aspects such as the conception that the directive apparatus has of sports activities as a collective activity that involves the interests of the country or, from an individualistic approach, where sponsorship and private investment are stimulated to promote sports talent in general.
Transformation of the State policy of Ukraine in the healthcare sector during martial law
Authors: Batryn Olesia , Chekhovska Iryna , Uvarova Natalia , Zhehlinska Tatiana , Komziuk Alona
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article was to highlight the essence and specific features of the transformation of the Ukrainian state policy in the health sector during the development of martial law. The methodological basis of this research grouped a set of general and special scientific methods of scientific cognition (deductive, comparative and legal, comparative, systems analysis method, formal and logical method, etc.). Everything indicates that, the destabilizing factors affecting the state policy include the reaction to the armed aggression of another state and the subsequent introduction of martial law. The authors have emphasized the regulatory legal acts of the national legislation of Ukraine, which establish the principles for the formation and implementation of state policy in the health sector. Specific features of the transformation of state policy in the health sector during martial law have been identified and revealed. It has been concluded that the state policy in the health sector is characterized by a dual nature, which consists in its stability, on the one hand, and at the same time, wide adaptability to changes and needs caused by martial law.
Psicología política de los líderes transformadores en las escuelas del siglo XXI
Authors: Kikinezhdi Oksana , Vasylkevych Yaroslava , Ryk Mykola , Hovorun Tamara , Bilan Liudmyla , Kharchenko Julia
Published: September 2023

The schools of the 21st century are no longer only social spaces dedicated to the reproduction of the teaching-learning processes, of the basic instructional knowledge for the consolidation of human capabilities, but also, engines for the teaching of the necessary mentalities that make the key actors of the educational system (teachers and students), potential transforming leaders of the communities in which they are immersed, as responsible citizens and political subjects of proven value. Therefore, the objective of this article was to identify the contents of political psychology required for the formation of transforming leaderships in the XXI century, as a condition of possibility to develop schools with a vocation for the political formation of the leaderships that today’s society needs. Methodologically, the documentary research technique and philosophical reflection were used. The results obtained allow us to conclude that by embodying the characteristics of transformational leaders and understanding the difficulties of political psychology, these leaders not only foster an environment of growth and innovation, but also ensure that ethical considerations are at the forefront of decision making, for the benefit of their learning communities and democracy in general.
Public official as a victim of criminal insult and defamation: Comparative Research
Authors: Borovyk Andrii , Tkachenko Iryna , Derevyanko Natalia , Diakin Yaroslav
Published: September 2023

The paper analyzes various issues relating to criminal liability for insulting and defaming a public official in several jurisdictions. The objective of this study was to clarify, by comparative reference to the criminal laws of various countries, whether insult and defamation constitute a crime or are perceived as non-criminal conduct. Based on the provisions of criminal legislation and international case law, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the fine line between the fundamental principle of freedom of expression and abusive insults (defamation) has been demonstrated. It has been concluded that both public officials and private citizens can be victims of defamation and insult, which can give rise to criminal liability in some states. The specific models of such liability differ significantly. Based on our analysis of legislative and enforcement approaches in various jurisdictions, it is concluded that some countries vigorously protect both public officials and lay citizens from insult and defamation, while other states rely more on the broad principle of “freedom of expression”.
ensemblQueryR: fast, flexible and high-throughput querying of Ensembl LD API endpoints in R
Authors: Fairbrother-Browne Aine , García-Ruiz Sonia , Hertfelder Reynolds Regina , Ryten Mina , Hodgkinson Alan
Published: September 2023

We present ensemblQueryR, an R package for querying Ensembl linkage disequilibrium (LD) endpoints. This package is flexible, fast and user-friendly, and optimised for high-throughput querying. ensemblQueryR uses functions that are intuitive and amenable to custom code integration, familiar R object types as inputs and outputs as well as providing parallelisation functionality. For each Ensembl LD endpoint, ensemblQueryR provides two functions, permitting both single- and multi-query modes of operation. The multi-query functions are optimised for large query sizes and provide optional parallelisation to leverage available computational resources and minimise processing time. We demonstrate improved computational performance of ensemblQueryR over an exisiting tool in terms of random access memory (RAM) usage and speed, delivering a 10-fold speed increase whilst using a third of the RAM. Finally, ensemblQueryR is near-agnostic to operating system and computational architecture through Docker and singularity images, making this tool widely accessible to the scientific community.
The use of an electronic version of nutrition recommendations and a specialized product for lactating women in a set of measures to support lactation
Authors: Buckaya Tatiana V. , Fisenko Andrei P. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Yasakov Dmitry S. , Ladodo Olga B. , Lebedeva Ayina M. , Galitskaya Marina G. , Moshkina Natalya A.
Published: September 2023

Breastfeeding (BrF) provides significant health benefits for both the baby and the mother. At the same time, it is known that suboptimal nutrition of a woman during lactation can affect the health of children both in the short and long term, as well as shorten the duration of breastfeeding. In this regard, a set of measures to support breastfeeding should include raising women’s awareness of nutrition issues during lactation, and for the formation of a full-fledged balanced diet. It is advisable to use specialized products for nursing mothers, which is especially important in hypogalactia or suspected hypogalactia.
Materials and methods. The analysis included the results of a survey of women and medical records of children of one hundred eighty one mother-child couple. The questionnaires were completed by women who used the electronic version of the dietary re­commendations during breastfeeding. Depending on the rate of weekly weight gain in infants, lactating women were divided into
2 groups: women with sufficient lactation (n = 114); women with hypogalactia or suspected hypogalactia (n = 67). In addition to the recommendations of a set of measures to stimulate lactation, given to women, the use of a specialized product for lactating women of domestic production was recommended to correct the diets of women with suspected hypogalactia or its presence. To assess the quality of life of women, a short version of the WHO quality of life questionnaire — WHOQOL-BREF was used.
Results. 96.1% of female respondents rated the recommendations as useful and effective. After 30 days from the start of comply the recommendations, the number of women who highly assess their level of knowledge on nutrition during lactation increased from 38.7% to 63%. In 82.9% of cases, women were able to successfully adjust the diet, and in 81.2% of cases — to expand it. Upon repeated questioning after 30 days breastfeeding was revealed to preserve in 96.7% of cases in general among both surveyed groups. In both groups, the duration of crying and the volume of regurgitation in infants significantly decreased, which may be due to the correction of the mothers’ diet.
Conclusion. An integrated approach to lactation support with the provision of an electronic version of information materials on the nutrition of nursing women, as well as the inclusion of a specialized product for lactating mothers in the diet of nursing women, made it possible to preserve breastfeeding and improve the quality of life in terms of “Physical and psychological well-being”, including women with hypogalactia.
Medical and social consequences of COVID-19 for Russian children: results of a survey of parents
Authors: Fisenko Andrey P. , Lazurenko Svetlana B. , Terletskaya Rimma N. , Sviridova Tatiyana V. , Timofeeva Anna G. , Makarova Svetlana G.
Published: September 2023

Aim: to identify medical and social features of children of different age groups who suffered from COVID-19.
Materials and methods. A survey of legal representatives of minors was conducted during 2020–2022. Eleven thousand twenty five 1 year to 17 years children were included in the study. Study design: single-center, non-randomized, uncontrolled study.
Results. Among chronic pathology over all time periods, diseases of the respiratory system (allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma), endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity), and skin and subcutaneous tissue (atopic dermatitis) occupied the first places. The vast majority of COVID-19 children showed a variety of symptoms, the most common being fever over 38°C, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and cough. Most parents believed that their child had a full recovery from COVID-19, which most often occurred after 1–2 weeks or 6 months or more. At the same time, most indicators of children’s functioning remained unchanged. Negative dynamics was observed in such signs as appetite, physical activity and performance. The most widespread specific consequences of the previous infection were impaired lung function, asthenic syndrome, and decreased psychophysical functioning.
Conclusion. The identified specific and non-specific consequences of COVID-19 determine the need to manage comprehensive rehabilitation for children. Along with medical rehabilitation measures, the rehabilitation program should include psychological and pedagogical assistance to optimize the regime of psychophysical load and the implementation of relaxation classes aimed at stabilizing the emotional state, increasing the dynamic characteristics of higher mental functions.
Leukemia in a child under the guise of juvenile arthritis
Authors: Plahotnikova Svetlana V. , Santalova Galina V. , Poretskova Galina Yu.
Published: September 2023

A clinical case of diagnosis of the onset of leukemia in an 8-year-old child, began with a bone-joint syndrome and was the only one at the beginning of the disease, is presented. This made it much more difficult to make a timely diagnosis. In addition to the severity of the articular syndrome at the onset of the disease, polymorphism of primary clinical manifestations was the reason for the
examination of the child in children’s departments of various profiles. The diagnostic search took 4 months, since laboratory changes
in the patient were observed later than clinical symptoms. It was the lack of effect from the ongoing therapy of the articular syndrome that made it necessary to exclude acute leukemia. The first manifestation of acute leukemia in this patient was osteoarticular syndrome caused by infiltration of the bone marrow and periosteum. The relative rarity of oncological diseases in children, about 95% of which are represented by acute leukemia, leads to a decrease in the alertness of doctors, both primary care and narrow specialists to these forms of pathology and determines the need for a differentiated approach not only to the existing syndromes, but also their combinations. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of acute leukemia with the implementation of a comprehensive assessment of the course of the disease allows the patient to be referred to a pediatric hematologist-oncologist in a timely manner.