bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orders of reductions of elliptic curves with many and few prime factors
Authors: Troupe Lee
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we investigate extreme values of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an elliptic curve with complex multiplication and [Formula: see text] is the number-of-distinct-prime-divisors function. For fixed [Formula: see text], we prove an asymptotic formula for the quantity [Formula: see text]. The same result holds for the quantity [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. This asymptotic formula matches what one might expect, based on a result of Delange concerning extreme values of [Formula: see text]. The argument is worked out in detail for the curve [Formula: see text], and we discuss how the method can be adapted for other CM elliptic curves.
The multiple Dirichlet product and the multiple Dirichlet series
Authors: Onozuka Tomokazu
Published: March 2017

First, we define the multiple Dirichlet product and study the properties of it. From those properties, we obtain a zero-free region of a multiple Dirichlet series and a multiple Dirichlet series expression of the reciprocal of a multiple Dirichlet series.
Improvement of NIR models for quality parameters of leech and earthworm medicines using outlier multiple diagnoses
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Chen Jiashan , Li Mengru , Wu Yongjiang , Liu Xuesong
Published: March 2017

Leeches and earthworms are the main ingredients of Shuxuetong injection compositions, which are natural biomedicines. Near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflection spectroscopy has been used for quality assurance of Chinese medicines. In the present work, NIR spectroscopy was proposed as a rapid and nondestructive technique to assess the moisture content (MC), soluble solid content (SSC) and hypoxanthine content (HXC) of leeches and earthworms. This study goal was to improve NIR models for accurate quality control of leech and earthworm using outlier multiple diagnoses (OMD). OMD was composed of four outlier detection methods: spectrum outlier diagnostic (MD), leverage diagnostic (LD), principal component scores diagnostic (PCSD) and factor loading diagnostic (FLD). Conventional outlier diagnoses (MD, LD) and OMD were compared, and the best NIR models were those based on OMD. The correlation coefficients ([Formula: see text]) for leech were 0.9779, 0.9616 and 0.9406 for MC, SSC and HXC, respectively. The values of relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) for leech were 2.3%, 5.1% and 9.0% for MC, SSC and HXC, respectively. The values of [Formula: see text] for earthworm were 0.9478, 0.9991 and 0.9605 for MC, SSC and HXC, respectively. The values of RSEP for earthworm were 8.8%, 2.4% and 12% for MC, SSC and HXC, respectively. The performance of the NIR models was certainly improved by OMD.
Geometric properties of the differential shift plus complex Volterra operator
Authors: ibrahim Rabha W.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we define a new integral operator in the open unit disk. This operator is considered as a complex Volterra operator. Moreover, we define a new subspace of Hardy space involving the normalized analytic functions. We shall show that the new integral operator is closed in the subspace of normalized functions. Geometric characterizations are established in the sequel. Our display is maintained by the Jack Lemma.
Favard’s inequality for pseudo-integral
Authors: Daraby Bayaz , Asll Hassan Ghazanfary , Sadeqi Ildar
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this paper is to generalize Favard’s inequality for pseudo-integral. We consider two cases for the real semiring [Formula: see text], when pseudo-operations are defined by a continuous and monotone function and when the pseudo-addition is sup operation and the pseudo-multiplication is generated by a continuous and monotone function.
Glycinergic inhibition of BAT sympathetic premotor neurons in rostral raphe pallidus
Authors: Conceição Ellen Paula Santos da , Madden Christopher J. , Morrison Shaun F.
Published: March 2017

The rostral raphe pallidus (rRPa) contains sympathetic premotor neurons controlling thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We sought to determine whether a tonic activation of glycineA receptors (GlyAR) in the rRPa contributes to the inhibitory regulation of BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and of cardiovascular parameters in anesthetized rats. Nanoinjection of the GlyAR antagonist, strychnine (STR), into the rRPa of intact rats increased BAT SNA (peak: +495%), BAT temperature (TBAT, +1.1°C), expired CO2, (+0.4%), core body temperature (TCORE, +0.2°C), mean arterial pressure (MAP, +4 mmHg), and heart rate (HR, +57 beats/min). STR into rRPa in rats with a postdorsomedial hypothalamus transection produced similar increases in BAT thermogenic and cardiovascular parameters. Glycine nanoinjection into the rRPa evoked a potent inhibition of the cooling-evoked increases in BAT SNA (nadir: −74%), TBAT (−0.2°C), TCORE (−0.2°C), expired CO2 (−0.2%), MAP (−8 mmHg), and HR (−22 beats/min) but had no effect on the increases in these variables evoked by STR nanoinjection into rRPa. Nanoinjection of GABA into the rRPa inhibited the STR-evoked BAT SNA (nadir: −86%) and reduced the expired CO2 (−0.4%). Blockade of glutamate receptors in rRPa reduced the STR-evoked increases in BAT SNA (nadir: −61%), TBAT (−0.5°C), expired CO2 (−0.3%), MAP (−9 mmHg), and HR (−33 beats/min). We conclude that a tonically active glycinergic input to the rRPa contributes to the inhibitory regulation of the discharge of BAT sympathetic premotor neurons and of BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
mTOR regulates peripheral nerve response to tensile strain
Authors: Love James M. , Bober Brian G. , Orozco Elisabeth , White Amanda T. , Bremner Shannon N. , Lovering Richard M. , Schenk Simon , Shah Sameer B.
Published: March 2017

While excessive tensile strain can be detrimental to nerve function, strain can be a positive regulator of neuronal outgrowth. We used an in vivo rat model of sciatic nerve strain to investigate signaling mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve response to deformation. Nerves were deformed by 11% and did not demonstrate deficits in compound action potential latency or amplitude during or after 6 h of strain. As revealed by Western blotting, application of strain resulted in significant upregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 signaling in nerves, increased myelin basic protein (MBP) and β-actin levels, and increased phosphorylation of neurofilament subunit H (NF-H) compared with unstrained (sham) contralateral nerves ( P < 0.05 for all comparisons, paired two-tailed t-test). Strain did not alter neuron-specific β3-tubulin or overall nerve tubulin levels compared with unstrained controls. Systemic rapamycin treatment, thought to selectively target mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), suppressed mTOR/S6 signaling, reduced levels of MBP and overall tubulin, and decreased NF-H phosphorylation in nerves strained for 6 h, revealing a role for mTOR in increasing MBP expression and NF-H phosphorylation, and maintaining tubulin levels. Consistent with stretch-induced increases in MBP, immunolabeling revealed increased S6 signaling in Schwann cells of stretched nerves compared with unstretched nerves. In addition, application of strain to cultured adult dorsal root ganglion neurons showed an increase in axonal protein synthesis based on a puromycin incorporation assay, suggesting that neuronal translational pathways also respond to strain. This work has important implications for understanding mechanisms underlying nerve response to strain during development and regeneration.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Peripheral nerves experience tensile strain (stretch) during development and movement. Excessive strain impairs neuronal function, but moderate strains are accommodated by nerves and can promote neuronal growth; mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not well understood. We demonstrated that levels of several structural proteins increase following physiological levels of nerve strain and that expression of a subset of these proteins is regulated by mTOR. Our work has important implications for understanding nerve development and strain-based regenerative strategies.
Vascular Cognitive Impairment through the Looking Glass of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Lanza Giuseppe , Bramanti Placido , Cantone Mariagiovanna , Pennisi Manuela , Pennisi Giovanni , Bella Rita
Published: February 2017

In the last years, there has been a significant growth in the literature exploiting transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with the aim at gaining further insights into the electrophysiological and neurochemical basis underlying vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Overall, TMS points at enhanced brain cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity in VCI, especially in patients with overt dementia, and neurophysiological changes seem to correlate with disease process and progress. These findings have been interpreted as part of a glutamate-mediated compensatory effect in response to vascular lesions. Although a single TMS parameter owns low specificity, a panel of measures can support the VCI diagnosis, predict progression, and possibly identify early markers of “brain at risk” for future dementia, thus making VCI a potentially preventable cause of both vascular and degenerative dementia in late life. Moreover, TMS can be also exploited to select and evaluate the responders to specific drugs, as well as to become an innovative rehabilitative tool in the attempt to restore impaired neural plasticity. The present review provides a perspective of the different TMS techniques by further understanding the cortical electrophysiology and the role of distinctive neurotransmission pathways and networks involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of VCI and its subtypes.
Mode of Delivery in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Women: A Case Control Study
Authors: Neves Ana Raquel , Neves Fabiane , Santos Silva Isabel , Almeida Maria do Céu , Monteiro Pitorra
Published: February 2017

Objective. To determine the contribution of drug use during pregnancy to the route of delivery.Methods. A case-control study was conducted at a hospital in Coimbra, Portugal, between 2001 and 2014. Drug-dependent pregnant women (n=236) were compared with a control group of low risk women (n=228) in terms of maternal characteristics, obstetric history, pregnancy complications, and labor details. Factors that influenced the mode of delivery were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v. 23.0 (IBM Corp.).pvalues < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Drug-dependent women presented a lower rate of cesarean delivery (18.2 versus 28.9%,p=0.006). After adjusting for the factors that were significantly related to the mode of delivery, drug dependency influenced the rate of cesarean section (β=0.567; 95% CI = 0.328–0.980). Within the drug-dependent group, the mode of delivery was significantly related to previous cesarean or vaginal delivery (p=0.008andp<0.001, resp.) and fetal presentation (p<0.001), but not with the type of drug, route of administration, or substitution maintenance therapy.Conclusions. The drug-dependent group presented a significantly higher rate of vaginal delivery. However, this was not associated with the behavioral factors analyzed. We hypothesize that other social and psychological factors might explain this difference.
Massive MIMO Relay Systems with Multipair Wireless Information and Power Transfer
Authors: Liu Hongwu , Chang Kyung Hi , Kwak Kyung Sup
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates destination-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for a decode-and-forward relay network, in which massive multiple-input multiple-output antennas are deployed at relay to assist communications among multiple source-destination pairs. During relaying, energy signals are emitted from multiple destinations when multiple sources are sending their information signals to relay. With power splitting and unlimited antennas at relay, asymptotic expression of harvested energy is derived. The analysis reveals that asymptotic harvested energy is independent of fast fading effect of wireless channels; meanwhile transmission powers of each source and destination can be scaled down inversely proportional to the number of relay antennas. To significantly reduce energy leakage interference and multipair interference, zero-forcing processing and maximum-ratio combing/maximum-ratio transmission are employed at relay. Fundamental trade-off between harvested energy and achievable sum rate is quantified. It is shown that asymptotic sum rate is neither convex nor concave with respect to power splitting and destination transmission power. Thus, a one-dimensional embedded bisection algorithm is proposed to jointly determine the optimal power splitting and destination transmission power. It shows that destination-aided SWIPT are beneficial for harvesting energy and increasing sum rate. The significant sum rate improvements of the proposed schemes are verified by numerical results.
A New Processing Method Combined with BP Neural Network for Francis Turbine Synthetic Characteristic Curve Research
Authors: Li Junyi , Han Canfeng , Yu Fei
Published: February 2017

A BP (backpropagation) neural network method is employed to solve the problems existing in the synthetic characteristic curve processing of hydroturbine at present that most studies are only concerned with data in the high efficiency and large guide vane opening area, which can hardly meet the research requirements of transition process especially in large fluctuation situation. The principle of the proposed method is to convert the nonlinear characteristics of turbine to torque and flow characteristics, which can be used for real-time simulation directly based on neural network. Results show that obtained sample data can be extended successfully to cover working areas wider under different operation conditions. Another major contribution of this paper is the resampling technique proposed in the paper to overcome the limitation to sample period simulation. In addition, a detailed analysis for improvements of iteration convergence of the pressure loop is proposed, leading to a better iterative convergence during the head pressure calculation. Actual applications verify that methods proposed in this paper have better simulation results which are closer to the field and provide a new perspective for hydroturbine synthetic characteristic curve fitting and modeling.
Renormalization of Chiral Nuclear Forces with Multiple Subtractions in Peripheral Channels
Authors: Batista E. F. , Szpigel S. , Timóteo V. S.
Published: February 2017

We analyse the renormalization of the of two-nucleon interaction with multiple subtractions in peripheral waves considering two chiral forces at N3LO. Phase shifts at low energies are then computed with several subtraction points below μ=10 fm−1. We show that for most peripheral waves the phase shifts have nearly no dependence on the renormalization scale. In two cases the phase shifts converge slowly as the renormalization scale approaches μ=1 fm−1 and in one case the phase shifts presented oscillations with respect to the subtraction point μ.
IFN-τDisplays Anti-Inflammatory Effects onStaphylococcus aureusEndometritis via Inhibiting the Activation of the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in Mice
Authors: Zhang Zhenbiao , Guo Yingfang , Liu Yuzhu , Li Chengye , Guo Mengyao , Deng Ganzhen
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of IFN-τon endometritis using a mouse model ofS. aureus-induced endometritis and to elucidate the mechanism of action underlying these effects. In the present study, the effect of IFN-τonS. aureusgrowth was monitored by turbidimeter at 600 nm. IFN-τdid not affectS. aureusgrowth. The histopathological changes indicated that IFN-τhad a protective effect on uterus tissues withS. aureusinfection. The ELISA and qPCR results showed the production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was decreased with IFN-τtreatment. In contrast, the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. We further studied the signaling pathway associated with these observations, and the qPCR results showed that the expression of TLR2 was repressed by IFN-τ. Furthermore, the western blotting results showed the phosphorylation of IκB, NF-κB p65, and MAPKs (p38, JNK, and ERK) was inhibited by IFN-τtreatment. The results suggested that IFN-τmay be a potential drug for the treatment of uterine infection due toS. aureusor other infectious inflammatory diseases.
Generalized Characteristic Polynomials of Join Graphs and Their Applications
Authors: Lu Pengli , Gao Ke , Yang Yang
Published: March 2017

The Kirchhoff index ofGis the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices ofGin electrical networks.LEL(G)is the Laplacian-Energy-Like Invariant ofGin chemistry. In this paper, we define two classes of join graphs: the subdivision-vertex-vertex joinG1⊚G2and the subdivision-edge-edge joinG1⊝G2. We determine the generalized characteristic polynomial of them. We deduce the adjacency (Laplacian and signless Laplacian, resp.) characteristic polynomials ofG1⊚G2andG1⊝G2whenG1isr1-regular graph andG2isr2-regular graph. As applications, the Laplacian spectra enable us to get the formulas of the number of spanning trees, Kirchhoff index, andLELofG1⊚G2andG1⊝G2in terms of the Laplacian spectra ofG1andG2.
Fabrication of Functionalized MOFs Incorporated Mixed Matrix Hollow Fiber Membrane for Gas Separation
Authors: Zhu Haitao , Jie Xingming , Cao Yiming
Published: February 2017

The metal-organic framework (MOFs) of MIL-53 was functionalized by aminosilane grafting and then incorporated into Ultem®1000 polymer matrix to fabricate mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane (MMHFM) with high separation performance. SEM, XRD, and TGA were performed to characterize the functionalized MIL-53 and prepared MMHFM. The filler particles were embedded in membrane successfully and dispersed well in the polymer matrix. The incorporation of MOFs endowed MMHFM better thermal stability. Moreover, effects of solvent ratio in spinning dope, spinning condition, and testing temperature on gas separation performance of MMHFM were investigated. By optimizing dope composition, air gap distance, and bore fluid composition, MMHFM containing functionalized MIL-53 achieved excellent gas permeance and CO2/N2selectivity. The CO2permeance increased from 12.2 GPU for pure Ultem HFM to 30.9 GPU and the ideal CO2/N2selectivity was enhanced from 25.4 to 34.7 simultaneously. Additionally, gas permeance increased but the selectivity decreased with the temperature increase, which followed the solution-diffusion based transport mechanism.
Penicillin-Susceptible, Oxidase-Negative, Nonhemolytic, NonmotileBacillus megateriumin Disguise ofBacillus anthracis
Authors: Loong Shih Keng , Teoh Boon Teong , Johari Jefree , Khor Chee Sieng , Abd-Jamil Juraina , Nor’e Siti Sarah , Samsudin Nur Izyan , Azizan Noor Syahida , Yaacob Che Norainon , CheMatSeri Asma Anati , Mahfodz Nur Hidayana , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: February 2017

Bacillus anthracisis a bacterial pathogen of major concern. The spores of this bacteria can survive harsh environmental conditions for extended periods and are well recognized as a potential bioterror weapon with significant implications. Accurate and timely identification of thisBacillusspecies in the diagnostic laboratory is essential for disease and public health management. Biosafety Level 3 measures and ciprofloxacin treatment were instituted whenB. anthraciswas suspected from a patient with gangrenous foot. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to accurately identify the suspected bacterium, due to the superiority of this method to accurately identify clinically isolated bacteria.B. megateriumwas identified as the causative agent and the organism was subsequently treated as a Biosafety Level 2 pathogen.
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Decellularized Bovine Compact Particles: A Radiological, Clinical, and Histologic Report of 4 Cases
Authors: Scarano Antonio
Published: March 2017

Background. One of the most problematic regions for endosseous implants is the posterior maxilla, not only having poor bone density, but also lacking adequate vertical height as a result of sinus pneumatization. The purpose of the present study was a radiologic, histological, and histomorphometrical evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with decellularized bovine compact particles, after a healing period of 6 months.Methods. Four patients, with atrophic resorbed maxillas, underwent a sinus lift augmentation with decellularized bovine compact bone from bovine femur. The size of the particles used was 0.25–1 mm. A total of four grafts and 5 biopsies were retrieved and processed to obtain thin ground sections with the Precise 1 Automated System.Results. The mean volume after graft elevation calculated for each of the 4 patients was 2106 mm3in the immediate postoperative period (5–7 days), ranging from 1408.8 to 2946.4 mm3. In the late postoperative period (6 months) it was 2053 mm3, ranging from 1339.9 to 2808.9 mm3. Histomorphometry showed that newly formed bone was36±1.6% and marrow spaces were34±1.6%, while the residual graft material was35±1.4%.Conclusion. In conclusion, based on the outcome of the present study, Re-Bone® can be used with success in sinus augmentation procedures and 6 months are considered an adequate time for maturation before implant placement.
The Immunogenicity of HLA Class II Mismatches: The Predicted Presentation of Nonself Allo-HLA-Derived Peptide by the HLA-DR Phenotype of the Recipient Is Associated with the Formation of DSA
Authors: Jucaud Vadim
Published: February 2017

The identification of permissible HLA class II mismatches can prevent DSA in mismatched transplantation. The HLA-DR phenotype of recipients contributes to DSA formation by presenting allo-HLA-derived peptides to T-helper cells, which induces the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Comparing the binding affinity of self and nonself allo-HLA-derived peptides for recipients’ HLA class II antigens may distinguish immunogenic HLA mismatches from nonimmunogenic ones. The binding affinities of allo-HLA-derived peptides to recipients’ HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens were predicted using the NetMHCIIpan 3.1 server. HLA class II mismatches were classified based on whether they induced DSA and whether self or nonself peptide was predicted to bind with highest affinity to recipients’ HLA-DR and HLA-DQ. Other mismatch characteristics (eplet, hydrophobic, electrostatic, and amino acid mismatch scores and PIRCHE-II) were evaluated. A significant association occurred between DSA formation and the predicted HLA-DR presentation of nonself peptides (P=0.0169; accuracy = 80%; sensitivity = 88%; specificity = 63%). In contrast, mismatch characteristics did not differ significantly between mismatches that induced DSA and the ones that did not, except for PIRCHE-II (P=0.0094). This methodology predicts DSA formation based on HLA mismatches and recipients’ HLA-DR phenotype and may identify permissible HLA mismatches to help optimize HLA matching and guide donor selection.
Patient Experiences of Decentralized HIV Treatment and Care in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kolawole Grace O. , Gilbert Hannah N. , Dadem Nancin Y. , Genberg Becky L. , Agaba Patricia A. , Okonkwo Prosper , Agbaji Oche O. , Ware Norma C.
Published: February 2017

Background.Decentralization of care and treatment for HIV infection in Africa makes services available in local health facilities. Decentralization has been associated with improved retention and comparable or superior treatment outcomes, but patient experiences are not well understood.Methods.We conducted a qualitative study of patient experiences in decentralized HIV care in Plateau State, north central Nigeria. Five decentralized care sites in the Plateau State Decentralization Initiative were purposefully selected. Ninety-three patients and 16 providers at these sites participated in individual interviews and focus groups. Data collection activities were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were inductively content analyzed to derive descriptive categories representing patient experiences of decentralized care.Results.Patient participants in this study experienced the transition to decentralized care as a series of “trade-offs.” Advantages cited included saving time and money on travel to clinic visits, avoiding dangers on the road, and the “family-like atmosphere” found in some decentralized clinics. Disadvantages were loss of access to ancillary services, reduced opportunities for interaction with providers, and increased risk of disclosure. Participants preferred decentralized services overall.Conclusion.Difficulty and cost of travel remain a fundamental barrier to accessing HIV care outside urban centers, suggesting increased availability of community-based services will be enthusiastically received.
Relationships among Ocular Blood Flow Shown by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy, Retinal Arteriosclerotic Change, and Chorioretinal Circulation Time Obtained by Fluorescein Angiography
Authors: Osamura Hironori , Shiba Tomoaki , Itokawa Takashi , Matsumoto Tadashi , Hori Yuichi
Published: February 2017

Purpose. To determine the correlations among the mean blur rate (MBR) in the optic nerve head (ONH) shown by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), retinal arteriosclerosis, and the circulation time obtained by fluorescein angiography (FA). Method. We evaluated 118 patients and assessed their time of choroidal flush, arm-to-retina time, and early and late phases of retinal circulation time (RT: sec) obtained by FA. The severity of retinal arteriosclerosis was classified according to the Scheie classification. The MBR values throughout the ONH (MBR-A), in the tissue (MBR-T), and in the vessels (MBR-V) were analyzed. Results. Patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) showed prolonged early and late phases of RT compared to other ocular diseases. Single and multiple regression analyses showed that the MBR-V and Scheie classification were significantly associated with both the choroidal flush and arm-to-retina times. The incidences of RVO and MVR-V were significantly associated with the early phase of RT, and the incidences of RVO, MBR-V, Scheie classification, and gender were revealed to be factors independently contributing to the late phase of RT. Conclusion. MBR-V in the ONH and retinal arteriosclerosis are important contributing factors for the circulation time of each stage obtained by FA.
Propylene Glycol Toxicity in Adolescent with Refractory Myoclonic Status Epilepticus
Authors: Bjur Kara A. , Cannon Bryan C. , Fine Anthony L. , Ritter Matthew J. , Schueler Kerry E. , Nemergut Michael E.
Published: February 2017

Propylene glycol (PG) is a solvent commonly used in medications that, while benign at low doses, may cause toxicity in adults and children at high doses. We describe a case and the physiologic sequelae of propylene glycol toxicity manifested in a critically ill adolescent male with refractory myoclonic status epilepticus aggressively treated with multiple PG-containing medications (lorazepam, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital)—all within accepted dosing guidelines and a total daily PG exposure previously recognized to be safe. Hemodynamic measurements by bedside echocardiography during clinical toxicity are also reported. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for propylene glycol toxicity in patients treated with PG-containing medications even when the total PG exposure is lower than currently accepted limits.
Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for the Treatment of Nonunion of the Femur in Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Hissnauer Tim N. , Stiel Norbert , Babin Kornelia , Rupprecht Martin , Ridderbusch Karsten , Rueger Johannes M. , Stuecker Ralf , Spiro Alexander S.
Published: March 2017

Background. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and radiographic healing after rhBMP-2 application in children and adolescents presenting with nonunion of the femur and to investigate the safety of rhBMP-2 use in these cases. Materials and Methods. We reviewed the medical records of five patients with a mean age of 11 years (5.4 to 16.2) with nonunion of the femur who were treated with rhBMP-2 and internal fixation using a locking plate at a single institution. Particular attention was paid to identify all adverse events that may be due to rhBMP-2 use. Results. Union occurred in four of five patients at a mean of 12.1 months (7.9 to 18.9). The locking plates were removed after a mean of 16 months (11 to 23). One patient had nonunion due to deep infection. After a mean follow-up of 62.5 months (17 to 100), union was still evident in all four patients and they were fully weight-bearing without pain. Discussion. In this retrospective study, rhBMP-2 combined with a locking plate has been used successfully to treat children and adolescents with nonunion of the femur in four of five cases. One major complication was thought to be possibly related to its use.
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Ossification of the Yellow Ligament in the Lumbar Spine: First Reported Case
Authors: Fujii Kengo , Abe Tetsuya , Funayama Toru , Noguchi Hiroshi , Nakayama Keita , Miura Kousei , Nagashima Katsuya , Kumagai Hiroshi , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: March 2017

When ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) occurs in the lumbar spine and extends to the lateral wall of the spinal canal, facetectomy is required to remove all of the ossified lesion and achieve decompression. Subsequent posterior fixation with interbody fusion will then be necessary to prevent postoperative progression of the ossification and intervertebral instability. The technique of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) has recently been introduced. Using this procedure, surgeons can avoid excess blood loss from the extradural venous plexus and detachment of the ossified lesion and the ventral dura mater is avoidable. We present a 55-year-old male patient with OYL at L3/4 and anterior spondylolisthesis of L4 vertebra, with concomitant ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, who presented with a severe gait disturbance. He underwent a 2-stage operation without complications: LLIF for L3/4 and L4/5 was performed at the initial surgery, and posterior decompression fixation using pedicle screws from L3 to L5 was performed at the second surgery. His postoperative progress was favorable, and his interbody fusion was deemed successful. Here, we present the first reported case of LLIF for OYL of the lumbar spine. This procedure can be a good option for OYL of the lumbar spine.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Prostate Which Was Initially Misdiagnosed as Prostate Cancer
Authors: Osamu Soma , Murasawa Hiromi , Imai Atsushi , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koie Takuya , Ohyama Chikara
Published: February 2017

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the prostate is a very rare tumor. We report a case of 65-year-old man with SFT of the prostate which was initially misdiagnosed as prostate cancer. Finally, we performed total prostatectomy and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as SFT of the prostate. The patient’s clinical course has progressed favorably with no obvious recurrence 18 months postoperatively.
Cancer Stem Cells and Their Microenvironment: Biology and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Lau Eunice Yuen-Ting , Ho Nicole Pui-Yu , Lee Terence Kin-Wah
Published: February 2017

Tumor consists of heterogeneous cancer cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can terminally differentiate into tumor bulk. Normal stem cells in normal organs regulate self-renewal within a stem cell niche. Likewise, accumulating evidence has also suggested that CSCs are maintained extrinsically within the tumor microenvironment, which includes both cellular and physical factors. Here, we review the significance of stromal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, tumor stiffness, and hypoxia in regulation of CSC plasticity and therapeutic resistance. With a better understanding of how CSC interacts with its niche, we are able to identify potential therapeutic targets for the development of more effective treatments against cancer.
Hemifacial Pain and Hemisensory Disturbance Referred from Occipital Neuralgia Caused by Pathological Vascular Contact of the Greater Occipital Nerve
Authors: Son Byung-chul , Choi Jin-gyu
Published: February 2017

Here we report a unique case of chronic occipital neuralgia caused by pathological vascular contact of the left greater occipital nerve. After 12 months of left-sided, unremitting occipital neuralgia, a hypesthesia and facial pain developed in the left hemiface. The decompression of the left greater occipital nerve from pathological contacts with the occipital artery resulted in immediate relief for hemifacial sensory change and facial pain, as well as chronic occipital neuralgia. Although referral of pain from the stimulation of occipital and cervical structures innervated by upper cervical nerves to the frontal head of V1 trigeminal distribution has been reported, the development of hemifacial sensory change associated with referred trigeminal pain from chronic occipital neuralgia is extremely rare. Chronic continuous and strong afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by pathological vascular contact with the greater occipital nerve seemed to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the trigeminocervical complex, a population of neurons in the C2 dorsal horn characterized by receiving convergent input from dural and cervical structures.
Term Abdominal Pregnancy Revealed by Amnioperitoneum in Rural Area
Authors: Mutarambirwa Henri Donald , Kenfack Bruno , Fouogue Jovanny Tsuala
Published: February 2017

Abdominal pregnancy (AP) accounts for 1% of ectopic implantations. In sub-Saharan Africa, the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections explains the increasing frequency of this pathology. In Cameroon it rose from 1/10000 deliveries (1995) to 3.3/10000 (2015). Authors herein report a case of a viable abdominal pregnancy discovered at term during emergency laparotomy for suspected uterine rupture. The 24-year-old G2P0 patient was HIV-positive, under antiretrovirals, though AP exceptionally occurs in HIV patients. She did only two antenatal consultations: her main complaint was abdominal pain but five echographies concluded to normal intrauterine pregnancy. Findings at laparotomy were as follows: amnioperitoneum, a live female baby weighing 3.4 kilogrammes without deformities and a placenta deeply inserted on the uterine fundus. Removal of the placenta triggered massive bleeding (2400 milliliters) with shock managed with a tourniquet on the lower uterine segment and fluid resuscitation. Outcome was favourable for the mother and child. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV was successful with antiretroviral therapy.
Ranking of Sites for Installation of Hydropower Plant Using MLP Neural Network Trained with GA: A MADM Approach
Authors: Shimray Benjamin A. , Singh Kh. Manglem , Khelchandra Thongam , Mehta R. K.
Published: February 2017

Every energy system which we consider is an entity by itself, defined by parameters which are interrelated according to some physical laws. In recent year tremendous importance is given in research on site selection in an imprecise environment. In this context, decision making for the suitable location of power plant installation site is an issue of relevance. Environmental impact assessment is often used as a legislative requirement in site selection for decades. The purpose of this current work is to develop a model for decision makers to rank or classify various power plant projects according to multiple criteria attributes such as air quality, water quality, cost of energy delivery, ecological impact, natural hazard, and project duration. The case study in the paper relates to the application of multilayer perceptron trained by genetic algorithm for ranking various power plant locations in India.
Effects of FMO3 Polymorphisms on Pharmacokinetics of Sulindac in Chinese Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Tang Yong-Jun , Hu Kai , Huang Wei-Hua , Wang Chong-Zhi , Liu Zhi , Chen Yao , Ouyang Dong-Sheng , Tan Zhi-Rong , Zhou Hong-Hao , Yuan Chun-Su
Published: February 2017

Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is clinically used for the ailments of various inflammations. This study investigated the allele frequencies of FMO3 E158K and E308G and evaluated the influences of these two genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of sulindac and its metabolites in Chinese healthy male volunteers. Eight FMO3 wild-type (FMO3 HHDD) subjects and seven FMO3 homozygotes E158K and E308G mutant (FMO3 hhdd) subjects were recruited from 247 healthy male volunteers genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. The plasma concentrations of sulindac, sulindac sulfide, and sulindac sulfone were determined by UPLC, while the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two different FMO3 genotypes were compared with each other. The frequencies of FMO3 E158K and E308G were 20.3% and 20.1%, respectively, which were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (D′ = 0.977, r2 = 0.944). The mean values of Cmax, AUC0–24, and AUC0–∞ of sulindac were significantly higher in FMO3 hhdd group than those of FMO3 HHDD group (P<0.05), while the pharmacokinetic parameters except Tmax of sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone showed no statistical difference between the two groups. The two FMO3 mutants were in close linkage disequilibrium and might play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of sulindac in Chinese healthy male volunteers.
Lemierre’s Syndrome Associated with Mechanical Ventilation and Profound Deafness
Authors: Birkner Lukas
Published: February 2017

Lemierre’s syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized by anaerobic organisms inducing a thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) following a course of oropharyngeal infection. It often occurs in young and healthy patients. Clinicians continuously misinterpret early symptoms until infection disseminates systematically and life-threatening sepsis transpires. We report the case of a 58-year-old female developing Lemierre’s syndrome accompanied by invasive ventilation support and a profound deafness requiring the implementation of a cochlear implant. This is one of two reported cases of Lemierre’s syndrome associated with mechanical ventilation support and the only case associated with a cochlear implant.
Fatigue Performance of Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Pasetto Marco , Baldo Nicola
Published: February 2017

The paper introduces and analyses the results of an experimental trial on the fatigue resistance of recycled hot mix asphalt for road pavements. Based on the gyratory compaction and the indirect tensile strength test, the mix design procedure has optimized nine different mixes, considering both conventional limestone and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), the latter used at different quantities, up to 40% by weight of the aggregate. A standard bitumen and two polymer modified binders were used for the production of the mixes. The fatigue study was carried out with four-point bending tests, each one performed at 20°C and 10 Hz. The empirical stiffness reduction method, along with the energy ratio approach, based on the dissipated energy concept, was adopted to elaborate the experimental data. Unaged and aged specimens were checked, to analyse the ageing effects on the fatigue performance. In comparison with the control mixes, produced only with limestone, improved fatigue performance was noticed for the mixtures prepared with RAP, especially when made with polymer modified binders, under both aged and unaged conditions. Both the approaches adopted for the experimental data analysis have outlined the same ranking of the mixes.
Myocardial Infarction after Endoscopic Removal of Foreign Body
Authors: Maraboto Carola , Lupercio Florentino , Piña Ileana L.
Published: February 2017

The development of cardiac complications during or after endoscopic procedures is rare. However, mortality from myocardial ischemia, particularly in the elderly population, is elevated. We illustrate the rare case of a 79-year-old man with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who developed a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after endoscopic removal of a foreign body. This case report summarizes a rare complication of a low-risk procedure and highlights the importance of considering this potential adverse event, particularly in patients with significant cardiovascular risk factors, to promote early diagnosis and proper treatment.
Emerging Perspectives in Scaffold for Tissue Engineering in Oral Surgery
Authors: Ceccarelli Gabriele , Presta Rossella , Benedetti Laura , Cusella De Angelis Maria Gabriella , Lupi Saturnino Marco , Rodriguez y Baena Ruggero
Published: February 2017

Bone regeneration is currently one of the most important and challenging tissue engineering approaches in regenerative medicine. Bone regeneration is a promising approach in dentistry and is considered an ideal clinical strategy in treating diseases, injuries, and defects of the maxillofacial region. Advances in tissue engineering have resulted in the development of innovative scaffold designs, complemented by the progress made in cell-based therapies. In vitro bone regeneration can be achieved by the combination of stem cells, scaffolds, and bioactive factors. The biomimetic approach to create an ideal bone substitute provides strategies for developing combined scaffolds composed of adult stem cells with mesenchymal phenotype and different organic biomaterials (such as collagen and hyaluronic acid derivatives) or inorganic biomaterials such as manufactured polymers (polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polycaprolactone). This review focuses on different biomaterials currently used in dentistry as scaffolds for bone regeneration in treating bone defects or in surgical techniques, such as sinus lift, horizontal and vertical bone grafts, or socket preservation. Our review would be of particular interest to medical and surgical researchers at the interface of cell biology, materials science, and tissue engineering, as well as industry-related manufacturers and researchers in healthcare, prosthetics, and 3D printing, too.
Meta-Analysis of the Correlation between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Standardized Uptake Value in Malignant Disease
Authors: Deng Shengming , Wu Zhifang , Wu Yiwei , Zhang Wei , Li Jihui , Dai Na , Zhang Bin , Yan Jianhua
Published: February 2017

The objective of this meta-analysis is to explore the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted MR and the standard uptake value (SUV) of 18F-FDG on PET/CT in patients with cancer. Databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE included), EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review were searched for relevant original articles that explored the correlation between SUV and ADC in English. After applying Fisher’s r-to-z transformation, correlation coefficient (r) values were extracted from each study and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses based on tumor type were performed to investigate the potential heterogeneity. Forty-nine studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, comprising 1927 patients. Pooled r for all studies was −0.35 (95% CI: −0.42–0.28) and exhibited a notable heterogeneity (I2 = 78.4%; P < 0.01). In terms of the cancer type subgroup analysis, combined correlation coefficients of ADC/SUV range from −0.12 (lymphoma, n = 5) to −0.59 (pancreatic cancer, n = 2). We concluded that there is an average negative correlation between ADC and SUV in patients with cancer. Higher correlations were found in the brain tumor, cervix carcinoma, and pancreas cancer. However, a larger, prospective study is warranted to validate these findings in different cancer types.
Microwave Impedance Spectroscopy and Temperature Effects on the Electrical Properties of Au/BN/C Interfaces
Authors: Khanfar Hazem K. , Qasrawi A. F. , Ghannam Yasmeen Kh.
Published: February 2017

In the current study, an Au/BN/C microwave back-to-back Schottky device is designed and characterized. The device morphology and roughness were evaluated by means of scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. As verified by the Richardson–Schottky current conduction transport mechanism which is well fitted to the experimental data, the temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of the devices is dominated by the electric field assisted thermionic emission of charge carriers over a barrier height of ~0.87 eV and depletion region width of ~1.1 μm. Both the depletion width and barrier height followed an increasing trend with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the alternating current conductivity analysis which was carried out in the frequency range of 100–1400 MHz revealed the domination of the phonon assisted quantum mechanical tunneling (hopping) of charge carriers through correlated barriers (CBH). In addition, the impedance and power spectral studies carried out in the gigahertz-frequency domain revealed a resonance-antiresonance feature at frequency of  ~1.6 GHz. The microwave power spectra of this device revealed an ideal band stop filter of notch frequency of  ~1.6 GHz. The ac signal analysis of this device displays promising characteristics for using this device as wave traps.
Tumor Size Is a Critical Factor in Adjuvant Chemotherapy for T3-4aN0M0 Gastric Cancer Patients after D2 Gastrectomy
Authors: Chen Shi , Ou-Yang Li-Ying , Nie Run-Cong , Li Yuan-Fang , Xiang Jun , Zhou Zhi-Wei , Chen Ying-Bo , Peng Jun-Sheng
Published: February 2017

Aim.To investigate whether tumor size is a reasonable indication for adjuvant chemotherapy for T3-4aN0M0 gastric cancer patients after D2 gastrectomy.Method. We performed a retrospective study of 269 patients with a histological diagnosis of T3-4aN0M0 stage gastric cancer who underwent D2 radical surgery at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center or the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2006 and December 2010. The follow-up lasted until June of 2015. Chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier methods were employed to compare the clinicopathological variables and prognoses.Result. For this group of patients, univariate analyses revealed that tumor size (p<0.001), pathological T stage (p<0.001), and tumor location (p=0.025) were significant prognostic factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not exhibit prognostic benefits. For patients with tumors larger than 5 cm, univariate analysis revealed that tumor location (p=0.007), Borrmann type (p=0.039), postoperative chemotherapy (p=0.003), and pathological T stage (p<0.001) were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative chemotherapy and pathological T stage were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion. Our results imply that tumor size should be a critical factor in the decision to utilize adjuvant chemotherapy for T3-4aN0M0 gastric cancer patients after D2 gastrectomy. Additional randomized controlled trials are required before this conclusion can be considered definitive.