bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of the Protective Effect of Vinpocetine in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Erciyes Demet , Bora Ejder Saylav , Tekindal Mustafa Agah , Erbaş Oytun
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a significant risk for heart failure in individuals with diabetes, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Elevated blood sugar levels initiate harmful processes, including apoptosis, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis in the heart. Vinpocetine, a derivative of Vinca minor L., has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhanced cellular metabolism. This study aims to investigate Vinpocetine’s protective and remodeling effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozocin and divided into Diabetes and Diabetes + Vinpocetine groups. Histopathological analyses, TGF-β1 immunoexpression, and measurements of plasma markers (TGF-β, pro-BNP, Troponin T) were performed. Biochemical analyses included HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β quantification and evaluation of lipid peroxidation. Results: Vinpocetine significantly reduced cardiac muscle thickness, TGF-β1 expression, and plasma in diabetic rats. HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β levels increased with Vinpocetine treatment. Histopathological observations confirmed reduced fibrosis and structural abnormalities in Vinpocetine-treated hearts. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive evidence supporting the protective effects of Vinpocetine against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Vinpocetine treatment improved cardiac morphology, immunohistochemistry, and modulation of biochemical markers, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to attenuate the negative impact of diabetes on heart function.
Diagnostics and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions—New Techniques and Guidelines
Authors: Rogowska Jagoda , Semeradt Jan , Durko Łukasz , Małecka-Wojciesko Ewa
Published: August 2024

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are increasingly diagnosed owing to the wide use of cross-sectional imaging techniques. Accurate identification of PCL categories is critical for determining the indications for surgical intervention or surveillance. The classification and management of PCLs rely on a comprehensive and interdisciplinary evaluation, integrating clinical data, imaging findings, and cyst fluid markers. EUS (endoscopic ultrasound) has become the widely used diagnostic tool for the differentiation of pancreatic cystic lesions, offering detailed evaluation of even small pancreatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, endoscopic ultrasound–fine-needle aspiration enhances diagnostic capabilities through cytological analysis and the assessment of fluid viscosity, tumor glycoprotein concentration, amylase levels, and molecular scrutiny. These detailed insights play a pivotal role in improving the clinical prognosis and management of pancreatic neoplasms. This review will focus mainly on the latest recommendations for the differentiation, management, and treatment of pancreatic cystic lesions, highlighting their clinical significance.
Exploring Optimal Strategies for Surgical Access in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Purmessur Rushmi , Ahmed Zeba , Ali Jason
Published: August 2024

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has revolutionised the management of severe aortic stenosis, particularly for patients deemed high risk or inoperable for traditional surgical aortic valve replacement. The transfemoral approach is the preferred route whenever feasible, attributed to its minimally invasive nature, reduced procedural morbidity, and shorter recovery times. In total, 80–90% of TAVI procedures are performed via the transfemoral route. However, anatomical constraints such as severe peripheral arterial disease, small vessel diameter, or significant vessel tortuosity can preclude the use of this access site. In such cases, alternative access strategies must be considered to ensure the successful implantation of the valve. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various surgical techniques available for TAVI access, exploring the rationale, technical aspects, and challenges associated with each method. We will explore alternative routes, including the transapical, transaortic, transaxillary, and transcarotid approaches, highlighting their respective benefits and limitations.
Graft Infections in Biologic Reconstructions in the Oncologic Setting: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Zunarelli Renato , Morante Lorenzo , Paganelli Chiara , Parisi Stefania Claudia , Bortoli Marta , Montanari Andrea , Fiore Michele , Scollo Cristina , Bruschi Alessandro , De Paolis Massimiliano
Published: August 2024

Background: Biologic graft infection (BGI) is one of the main complications in graft reconstructions. However, very little evidence exists regarding the epidemiology of BGI, as most of the data come from sparse reports. Moreover, most of the series did not detail the treatment and outcome of graft infections. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to provide a comprehensive data collection on BGI after oncologic resections. Methods: Three different databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant articles, and further references were obtained by cross-referencing. Results: 139 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 9824 grafts were retrieved. Among these, 684 (6.9%) were in the humerus, 365 (3.7%) in the pelvis, 2041 (20.7%) in the femur and 1660 (16.8%) in the tibia. Most grafts were osteoarticular (2481, 26.7%) and intercalary 2112 (22.7%) allografts. In 461 (5.0%), vascularized fibula grafts (VFGs) were used in combination with recycled autografts. Recycled grafts were reported in 1573 (16.9%) of the cases, and allograft-prosthetic composites in 1673 (18.0%). The pelvis and the tibia had the highest incidence of BGI (20.4% and 11.0%, respectively). The most reported first treatment was debridement and implant retention (DAIR) in 187 (42.8%) cases and two-stage revision with graft removal in 152 (34.8%). Very little data are reported on the final outcome specified by site or type of graft. Conclusions: This systematic review of the literature confirms a high incidence of infections in biologic reconstructions after resections of primary bone tumors. Despite DAIR being a viable attempt, in most cases, a two-stage approach with graft removal and reconstruction with endoprosthesis presented the highest chance to overcome infection, guaranteeing a reconstruction. We emphasize the need for future multicentric studies to focus on the management of infections after biological reconstructions in bone sarcomas.
MASLD-Related Hepatocarcinoma: Special Features and Challenges
Authors: Yagüe-Caballero Carmen , Casas-Deza Diego , Pascual-Oliver Andrea , Espina-Cadena Silvia , Arbones-Mainar Jose M. , Bernal-Monterde Vanesa
Published: August 2024

Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis liver disease (MASLD) currently impacts a quarter of the global population, and its incidence is expected to increase in the future. As a result, hepatocellular carcinoma associated with MASLD is also on the rise. Notably, this carcinoma does not always develop alongside liver cirrhosis, often leading to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. The challenge lies in accurately identifying patients who are at a higher risk to tailor screening processes effectively. Additionally, several therapeutic approaches are being explored to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma, although there are no universally accepted guidelines yet.
The Impact of Navigation in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Study of Historical Aspects, Current Techniques and Future Directions
Authors: Heydar Ahmed Majid , Tanaka Masato , Prabhu Shrinivas P. , Komatsubara Tadashi , Arataki Shinya , Yashiro Shogo , Kanamaru Akihiro , Nanba Kazumasa , Xiang Hongfei , Hieu Huynh Kim
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: We sought to improve accuracy while minimizing radiation hazards, improving surgical outcomes, and preventing potential complications. Despite the increasing popularity of these systems, a limited number of papers have been published addressing the historical evolution, detailing the areas of use, and discussing the advantages and disadvantages, of this increasingly popular system in lumbar spine surgery. Our objective was to offer readers a concise overview of navigation system history in lumbar spine surgeries, the techniques involved, the advantages and disadvantages, and suggestions for future enhancements to the system. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the development and implementation of navigation systems in lumbar spine surgeries. Our sources include PubMed-indexed peer-reviewed journals, clinical trial data, and case studies involving technologies such as computer-assisted surgery (CAS), image-guided surgery (IGS), and robotic-assisted systems. Results: To develop more practical, effective, and accurate navigation techniques for spine surgery, consistent advancements have been made over the past four decades. This technological progress began in the late 20th century and has since encompassed image-guided surgery, intraoperative imaging, advanced navigation combined with robotic assistance, and artificial intelligence. These technological advancements have significantly improved the accuracy of implant placement, reducing the risk of misplacement and related complications. Navigation has also been found to be particularly useful in tumor resection and minimally invasive surgery (MIS), where conventional anatomic landmarks are lacking or, in the case of MIS, not visible. Additionally, these innovations have led to shorter operative times, decreased radiation exposure for patients and surgical teams, and lower rates of reoperation. As navigation technology continues to evolve, future innovations are anticipated to further enhance the capabilities and accessibility of these systems, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes in lumbar spine surgery. Conclusions: The initial limited utilization of navigation system in spine surgery has further expanded to encompass almost all fields of lumbar spine surgeries. As the cost-effectiveness and number of trained surgeons improve, a wider use of the system will be ensured so that the navigation system will be an indispensable tool in lumbar spine surgery. However, continued research and development, along with training programs for surgeons, are essential to fully realize the potential of these technologies in clinical practice.
Conductive Polymer-Based Thermoelectric Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Song Erwei , Liu Peiyao , Lv Yifan , Wang Erqiang , Guo Cun-Yue
Published: August 2024

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are capable of realizing the direct conversion between heat and electricity, holding a giant prospect in the sustainable development of modern society. Conductive polymers (CPs) are suitable for the preparation of TE materials given their low-cost, lightweight, flexible, and easy processing properties. With the accelerating pace of flexible composite development, there is intensive interest in their emerging applications in various aspects such as wearable electronics and thermoelectric sensors. In order to further improve the thermoelectric properties, a series of new methods have been proposed to prepare conductive polymer-based thermoelectric composites and improve their thermoelectric properties. In this review, we discuss the compositing methods, properties, and applications of conductive polymer-based TE composites. The challenges and future development directions in the design and application of conductive polymer matrix composites are also pointed out.
Molecular Dynamics Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Fullerphene and Fullerphene/Graphene Composite
Authors: Han Mingjun , Yu Taotao , Zhang Yinghe , Chen Xue , Chen Xiao-Jia , Peng Qing , Tang Ho-Kin
Published: August 2024

Quasi-hexagonal-phase fullerene (qHPC60) is an asymmetrically ordered arrangement of fullerene in the two-dimensional plane, which has been synthesized recently. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the anisotropic mechanical properties of a qHPC60/graphene composite by means of molecular dynamics simulations. We assessed the mechanical properties of the 2D torsion-angle fullerene model with three force-fields: AIREBO, REAXFF, and TERSOFF. The results of the uniaxial tensile tests show that while the variations in fracture stress and fracture strain, with respect to pre-crack size, had similar trends for the three force-fields, AIREBO was more sensitive than REAXFF. The presence of cracks degraded the mechanical properties. Simulations of tensile tests on the qHPC60/graphene composite revealed that the graphene substrate significantly increased mechanical strength. Our results suggest qHPC60 holds various promising implications for composites.
Intelligent Detection of 3D Anchor Position Based on Monte Carlo Algorithm
Authors: Cui Zekai , Zhang Xueli , Chen Yuling , Cao Liang , Zhang Zeguo , Liang Zuchao , Zhou Meijie , Li Jiawen , Li Xiaowen
Published: August 2024

With the increase in port throughput and the development of the trend of large-scale ships, selecting applicable anchor positions for ships and ensuring the rational and comprehensive utilization of anchorage areas have become a key issue in utilizing the rate of anchorage resources, ensuring the safety of ships anchoring operations and promoting the development of the shipping industry. Existing anchor position selection and detection algorithm studies are limited to a two-dimensional plane for ship anchor position selection, with few studies considering intelligent detection algorithms for safe ship anchoring water depths based on three-dimensional space, considering conditions such as wind and waves. By considering water depth conditions and the objectives of anchorage safety issues, this study proposes an intelligent detection method for ship anchor detection to find the ship’s ideal anchor location in the anchorages by applying the Monte Carlo algorithm. In the processing step, in combination with the Monte Carlo random plane anchor position detection algorithm and Monte Carlo random sampling water depth detection method, the anchor position circle radius model, safe spacing model, anchoring area detection model and safe water depth model are used for examining the anchorage area for awaiting the ship in three-dimensions. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, based on the scale of common ship types and considering the most conservative parameters, a series of simulation experiments are conducted to check whether the water depth meets the requirements and fully ensure the safety of the experimental results. The research results indicate that the detection almost cover the whole anchorage area and obtain safe water depth restrictions. This method helps to improve the efficiency of ship anchoring and makes actual anchoring operations safer. Under the premise of ensuring sufficient safe spacing between ships, the anchorage ground can accommodate more ships and simulate multi-type ship anchor position detection operations concerning various ship-type parameters to further ensure the safety of ship anchoring.
Exploring Fault Geometry and Holocene Deformation of the Littoral Fault Zone within the Seismic Gap South of Greater Bay Area, China
Authors: Dai Xiangming , Li Zhigang , Hu Litian , Zhang Peizhen , Yang Xiaoqiang , Almeida Rafael , Li Guanhua
Published: August 2024

Over the past 424 years, the Littoral Fault Zone (LFZ), located offshore of the South China coast, has experienced four destructive earthquakes (M ≥ 7). These events have resulted in an approximately 700 km seismic gap centered on the Greater Bay Area of China, home to over 70 million people. Despite previous studies on deeper crustal structures and geodynamic processes, the shallow structural architecture and recent tectonic activity of the LFZ within the seismic gap remain poorly understood due to limited offshore geophysical investigations. Here, we present new offshore geophysical data to explore the shallow crustal architecture and Holocene activity of the LFZ within this seismic gap. Multichannel seismic data reveal that the LFZ comprises a high-angle listric main normal fault along with several secondary normal faults. The main fault trends northeast and dips southeast in the shallow crustal architecture, serving as the basin-controlling fault in the north of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, with accumulated displacements ranging from 1.5 to 1.8 km. Furthermore, analysis of single-channel seismic data, and 14C dating results from the borehole, indicate that the most recent movement of the main fault occurred within the last ~10,000 years, with minimum vertical offsets of 1.2 m. Based on these findings, we emphasize the LFZ’s potential to generate a significant earthquake, estimated at Mw 7.0–7.5, within the inferred seismic gap. Our study highlights the potential earthquake hazard posed by the LFZ to the Greater Bay Area of China, while also providing valuable insights for the assessment of active submarine faults worldwide.
Global Epidemiology of Invasive Infections by Uncommon Candida Species: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinho Sandra , Miranda Isabel M. , Costa-de-Oliveira Sofia
Published: August 2024

Emerging and uncommon Candida species have been reported as an increasing cause of invasive Candida infections (ICI). We aim to systematize the global epidemiology associated with emergent uncommon Candida species responsible for invasive infections in adult patients. A systematic review (from 1 January 2001 to 28 February 2023) regarding epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data associated to invasive Candida infections by uncommon Candida spp. were collected. In total, 1567 publications were identified, and 36 were selected according to inclusion criteria (45 cases). The chosen studies covered: C. auris (n = 21), C. haemulonii (n = 6), C. fermentati (n = 4), C. kefyr (n = 4), C. norvegensis (n = 3), C. nivariensis (n = 3), C. bracarensis (n = 1), C. duobushaemulonii (n = 1), C. blankii (n = 1), and C. khanbhai (n = 1). Over the recent years, there has been an increase in the number of invasive infections caused by uncommon Candida spp. Asia and Europe are the continents with the most reported cases. The challenges in strain identification and antifungal susceptibility interpretation were significant. The absence of clinical breakpoints for the susceptibility profile determination for uncommon Candida spp. makes interpretation and treatment options a clinical challenge. It is crucial that we focus on new and accessible microbiology techniques to make fast and accurate diagnostics and treatments.
The Average Direct, Indirect and Total Effects of Environmental Concern on Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Hernández-Alemán Anastasia , Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Santamarta Juan C.
Published: August 2024

This research is framed in behavioral economics. This area tests the orthodox assumptions that individuals are rational, self-interested and possess all freely available information, and. Behavioral economics plays an important role for policymakers in areas such as environmental protection. We observe that despite being very concerned about environmental problems, the reality is that a great heterogeneity of behaviors is observed. Faced with the same level of concern, some citizens act coherently by adopting pro-environmental behaviors, while others do not. This latter response is supposed to generate cognitive dissonance. Accordingly, we expect that the levels of pro-environmental behavior should be more in line with observed levels of concern. Understanding pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is still a challenge. Insight into causal mechanisms of environmental concern on PEB could shed light on the effectiveness of environmental strategies such as land management, recycling, environmental taxes, water quality, human health, and prevention of further biodiversity loss. We employ a structural equation model to identify mechanisms through which environmental concern affects PEB. We prove that causal mechanisms between environmental concern dimensions, i.e., environmental concern in a broad sense, such as affection, cognitive, conative and active-are not independent. Additionally, we demonstrate that the average indirect effect (ACME), the average direct effect (ADE) and the average total effect (TE) of environmental concern on pro-environmental behavior depend on the baseline status of environmental concern in a narrow sense, i.e., worry or affection for environmental protection. The magnitude of the effects is also moderated by situational factors such as income, age, education, household size, and municipality size. This psychological construct (environmental concern) allows us to better understand the observed heterogeneity related to PEB which affects the economic efficiency of political measures.
Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield in a Simulated Hedgerow–Grass Ditch System in Sloping Lands with Regosols
Authors: Song Lan , Bi Yunfei , Bo Qingsong , Li Tianyang , Li Yonghao , He Binghui , Zhao Xinmei
Published: August 2024

The independent effects of hedgerow or grass ditches on the migration of runoff, sediment and nutrients are well known; however, the effects of combined hedgerow–grass ditch systems have rarely been assessed. Vegetation stem diameter (VSD) is an essential variable that changes the effectiveness of a hedgerow–grass ditch system in reducing runoff and sediment yield on sloping lands. A hedgerow–grass ditch system was simulated to interpret the effects of varied VSDs [i.e., 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 cm] in hedgerow on runoff and sediment yield by laboratory rainfall simulation. Compared to the control, the time to runoff initiation presented a 43.3% delay in 0.8 cm VSD (p < 0.05), and the runoff rate was significantly reduced by 16.6% in the 0.2 cm VSD and by 17.0% in the 0.8 cm VSD, respectively (p < 0.05). The sediment yield rate decreased by 74.2% and 85.8% relative to that of the control, respectively (p < 0.05). The reduction was 5.3–17.0% for the runoff rate and 3.5–85.8% for the sediment yield rate with varied VSDs relative to the control. The sediment yield rate decreased remarkably as an exponential function with increased stem diameter (p < 0.05). Our results have great significance for creating strategies for soil and water conservation on sloping lands.
Geo-Semiotic Analysis of Shared Streets in Urban Historical Districts: The Case of Jiefangbei, Chongqing, China
Authors: Chen Junli , Hu Weijie
Published: August 2024

This study examines the design and utilization of shared streets in the Jiefangbei Business District of Chongqing through the lens of geographical semiotics. Employing photo content analysis, video observation, and questionnaire surveys, this research delves into visual semiotics, place semiotics, and users’ interaction order, including social interactions and traffic experiences within these shared spaces. The findings reveal that two distinct systems guide pedestrians and vehicles on Jiefangbei’s shared streets, ensuring safety and cultural expression. Paving is identified as the most important method for realizing the sharing of space between people and vehicles. Street furniture emphasizes multifunctional composite use and reflects Jiefangbei’s eclectic style since its era as a financial center of the Republic of China, responding to cultural resources and functional positioning. The study also indicates that social functions and public space attributes need enhancement, recommending more greenery and leisure facilities. Interaction order analysis shows that participants’ perception of street sharing does not affect their sense of safety and effectiveness. Thus, future practice should base decisions on specific traffic conditions and urban functions. A limitation of this study is the inability to accurately sample the population structure of the Jiefangbei commercial district, preventing more adaptable conclusions. The authors suggest viewing shared space as an evolving process and recommend future research on long-term effects and cross-cultural comparative studies to provide valuable insights into global shared-street design.
Methods for the Performance Evaluation and Design Optimization of Metro Transit-Oriented Development Sites Based on Urban Big Data
Authors: Chen Huadong , Zhao Kai , Zhang Zhan , Zhang Haodong , Lu Linjun
Published: August 2024

Numerous researchers have endeavored to amalgamate critical transit-oriented development (TOD) indicators, such as development density, walkability, and diversity, into a single TOD index to assess TOD performance. However, implementing TOD in megacities necessitates a more comprehensive selection of indicators, an objective calculation methodology, and accessible calculation data for the TOD index. This study introduces a method based on multi-indicator TOD performance assessment using multi-source urban big data; it uses Shanghai as a case study to evaluate and analyze the impact of site characteristics on performance. The method constructs the Comprehensive Socio-Economic Development Index (CSEDI) based on four indicators of TOD site operations. It establishes a multivariate regression model utilizing principal component analysis to extract 22 leading component indicators as independent variables from 71 indicators associated with TOD. Within the sample space of 77 rail transit TOD sites in Shanghai, the CSEDI exhibited a robust correlation with the independent variables. The evaluation results of the case study demonstrate consistency with the development characteristics of the city and the sites, indicating that the evaluation method can guide the renovation of existing sites and the development of new sites.
How Part-Time Farming Affects Cultivated Land Use Sustainability: Survey-Based Assessment in China
Authors: Pei Xinwei , Zheng Xinger , Wu Cong
Published: August 2024

Part-time farming is a widespread phenomenon associated with the long-term global trend of urbanization, especially in China since its reform and opening-up in 1978. The shift of agricultural labor to non-agricultural sectors has significantly impacted cultivated land use activities, yet the connection between part-time farming and cultivated land use sustainability (CLS) remains understudied. Here, we construct an index system for assessing CLS that integrates ecological, economic, and social sustainability. Using survey data from seven Chinese villages across three provinces, we analyze the impact pattern and mechanism of part-time farming on CLS. We find the following: (1) The impact of part-time farming on CLS presents an inverted U-shape, peaking negatively at a 45% inflection point; (2) Spatial heterogeneity exists in the effect of part-time farming on CLS; (3) A household’s non-agricultural workforce size and the gender of the household head significantly moderate the link between part-time farming and CLS; (4) CLS strongly hinges on various factors including the household head’s health, other family members’ education levels, commercial insurance, and agricultural skills training. Our findings provide empirical insights into governing part-time farming for sustainable cultivated land use and, eventually, rural human–land system sustainability.
Study of Lubrication Performance and Churning Loss under Mixed Lubrication Mode in Gearbox
Authors: Wang Lina , Liu Yi , Zhang Kailin , Yao Yuan , Shao Shuai , He Kuangzhou
Published: August 2024

In order to clarify the effect of mixed lubrication methods on the oil flow and power loss of the gearbox, this study adopts a high-precision moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method to investigate the lubrication of the gearbox under the joint influence of splash lubrication and oil injection lubrication. The accuracy of the numerical method to calculate the churning torque was verified by the constructed test rig. The effects of rotational speed, immersion depth, injection volume rate, and oil injection angle were analyzed and evaluated for lubrication. The results show that better lubrication can be achieved with relatively small churning torques by using a hybrid lubrication method. This provides some references for engineering applications of gearboxes.
Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Properties of Bionic Raster Ceilings
Authors: Wirowski Artur , Kubacka Ewelina , Kaszubska Paulina , Walisiak Weronika
Published: August 2024

In this study, a numerical dynamic analysis of ceiling raster panels was performed. The analysis was conducted on panels designed with inspiration from bionics. The purpose of the analysis was to enable optimisation of the location of the holes in the designed slabs in order to achieve the preferred dynamic properties, including the natural frequencies of the slabs and an appropriate airflow to avoid the occurrence of resonance. Three different types of panels were used and a total of fifteen panels were designed in terms of their geometry, with circular, elliptical, and hexagonal perforations, made of different materials: polypropylene PP, wood, and aluminium. Then, using the finite element method and ANSYS 2023 R1 software, the airflow over the ceiling panels and their natural frequencies and vibration modes were analysed. The analysis took into account not only the shape of the openings, but also their percentage area relative to the total panel area and different airflow velocities. In addition, the results were compared in an analytical way with those obtained for a solid slab. The results obtained include findings on the mode shapes and values of the vibration frequencies of the plates, air pressure maps, histograms, and plots of the pressure dependence on the surface area of the plate openings.
Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Electrothermal and Pressure-Sensitive Properties of Carbon Fiber Cementitious Composites
Authors: He Jingjing , Wang Xuezhi , Han Leiying , Wang Siyue , Xin Ming
Published: August 2024

The application of carbon fiber in cement matrix has some disadvantages, such as poor dispersion and poor interfacial adhesion. In order to improve the interaction between carbon fiber and cement matrix and improve the properties of cement-based composites, carbon fiber was modified by electrophoretic deposition of nano-graphene oxide (GO). In this paper, the effects of doping CF into the cement matrix before and after GO modification are studied comparatively in terms of electrical conductivity, electrothermal warming effect, and pressure-sensitive properties of the cement matrix. It was found that the GO-modified CF reduces both the electrical resistivity of cementitious composites and the required level of fiber incorporation compared to CF. The percolation threshold is 0.7 wt% for CF and 0.5 wt% for GO-CF. The GO-modified CF is more effective than CF as a conductive filler to enhance the electrothermal warming performance of the cement matrix. When the GO-CF doping rate is 0.5%, the specimen temperature increases most rapidly, and the temperature rise value reaches a maximum of up to 30.45 °C, which is twice that of the CF group. When the fiber content is 0.7%, the pressure sensitivity of the sample was the best. When the fiber content is 0.5%, GO-CF can improve the pressure sensitivity of cement mortar specimens, and increase the resistance change rate of the cement mortar specimens by 5.7%.
A Revised Abaqus® Procedure for Fracture Path Simulation Based on the Material Effort Criterion
Authors: Gontarz Jakub , Podgórski Jerzy
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the results of computer simulations of fracture in three laboratory tests: the three-point bending of a notched beam cut from sandstone, the pull-out test of a self-undercutting anchor fixed in sandstone, and the pull-out test of a bar embedded in concrete. Five material failure criteria were used: Rankine, Coulomb–Mohr, Drucker–Prager, Ottosen–Podgórski, and Hoek–Brown. These criteria were implemented in the Abaqus® FEA system to work with the crack propagation modeling method—extended finite element method (X-FEM). All criteria yielded similar force–displacement relationships and similar crack path shapes. The improved procedure gives significantly better, close-to-real crack propagation paths than can be obtained using the standard subroutines built into the Abaqus® system.
Multidimensional Evolution Effects on Non-Cooperative Strategic Games
Authors: Singh Shipra , Gibali Aviv , Reich Simeon
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examine how the strategies of the players over multiple time scales impact the decision making, resulting payoffs and the costs in non-cooperative strategic games. We propose a dynamic generalized Nash equilibrium problem for non-cooperative strategic games which evolve in multidimensions. We also define an equivalent dynamic quasi-variational inequality problem. The existence of equilibria is established, and a spot electricity market problem is reformulated in terms of the proposed dynamic generalized Nash equilibrium problem. Employing the theory of projected dynamical systems, we illustrate our approach by applying it to a 39-bus network case, which is based on the New England system. Moreover, we illustrate a comparative study between multiple time scales and a single time scale by a simple numerical experiment.
Derivation of Analytical Expressions for Fast Calculation of Resistance Spot Welding System Currents
Authors: Brezovnik Robert , Ritonja Jožef
Published: August 2024

The paper deals with the dynamics of a resistance spot welding system. At the core of this system is a transformer, which is powered on the primary side by a pulse-width modulated inverter and has a full-wave output rectifier on the secondary side that provides a direct welding current. The entire system is nonlinear, due to magnetic hysteresis and electronics. The electronics prevent the current from flowing in all parts of the welding transformer at separate time intervals during the voltage supply period; therefore, not all the parameters affect the dynamic of currents and voltages all the time so the system is also time-variant. To design a high-performance welding system and to predict the maximum possible welding current at a specific load, it is necessary to know the welding and primary currents. The leakage inductances of the system can reduce the maximum welding current significantly at higher frequencies and the same load. There are several methods to determine these currents, each with its drawbacks. Measurements are time-consuming, using professional software is expensive and requires time to learn and free open-source software has many limitations and does not guarantee the correctness of the results. The article presents a new, fourth option—a theoretical derivation of analytical expressions that facilitate straightforward and rapid calculation of the welding and primary currents of the resistance spot welding system with symmetrical secondary branches. The derivation of the mathematical expressions is based on the equivalent circuits that describe the system in different operating states. The results of the numerical simulations confirmed the derived expressions completely.
High-Temperature Water Electrolysis Properties of Membrane Electrode Assemblies with Nafion and Crosslinked Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone Membranes by Using a Decal Method
Authors: Kim Je-Deok
Published: August 2024

To improve the stability of high-temperature water electrolysis, I prepared membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) using a decal method and investigated their water electrolysis properties. Nafion 115 and crosslinked sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (CSPPSU) membranes were used. IrO2 was used as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, and Pt/C was used as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. The conductivity of the CSPPSU membrane at 80 °C and 90% RH (relative humidity) is about four times lower than that of the Nafion 115 membrane. Single-cell water electrolysis was performed while measuring the current density and performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at cell temperatures from 80 to 150 °C and the stability of the current density over time at 120 °C and 1.7 V. The current density of water electrolysis using Nafion 115 and CSPPSU membranes at 150 °C and 2 V was 1.2 A/cm2 for both. The current density of the water electrolysis using the CSPPSU membrane at 120 °C and 1.7 V was stable for 40 h. The decal method improved the contact between the CSPPSU membrane and the catalyst electrode, and a stable current density was obtained.
Unveiling the Potential of Vitamin D3 Orodispersible Films: A Comprehensive FTIR and UV–Vis Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Torrisi Alfio , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Torrisi Lorenzo , Lavalle Salvatore , Forzina Alessia , Pegreffi Francesco
Published: August 2024

Vitamin D3 is a crucial fat-soluble pro-hormone essential for bolstering bone health and fortifying immune responses within the human body. Orodispersible films (ODFs) serve as a noteworthy formulation strategically designed to enhance the rapid dissolution of vitamin D, thereby facilitating efficient absorption in patients. This innovative approach not only streamlines the assimilation process but also plays a pivotal role in optimizing patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. The judicious utilization of such advancements underscores a paradigm shift in clinical strategies aimed at harnessing the full potential of vitamin D for improved patient well-being. This study aims to examine the vitamin D3 ODF structure using spectroscopic techniques to analyze interactions with excipients like mannitol. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy were utilized to assess molecular composition, intermolecular bonding, and vitamin D3 stability. Understanding these interactions is essential for optimizing ODF formulation, ensuring stability, enhancing bioavailability, and facilitating efficient production. Furthermore, this study involves a translational approach to interpreting chemical properties to develop an administration protocol for ODFs, aiming to maximize absorption and minimize waste. In conclusion, understanding the characterized chemical properties is pivotal for translating them into effective self-administration modalities for Vitamin D films.
Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients Receiving a Diabetes-Specific Nutritional Enteral Formula: A Case Series in Home Care Settings
Authors: Pantanetti Paola , Cangelosi Giovanni , Sguanci Marco , Morales Palomares Sara , Nguyen Cuc Thi Thu , Morresi Giulio , Mancin Stefano , Petrelli Fabio
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: In patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Enteral Nutrition (EN) is associated with less hyperglycemia and lower insulin requirements compared to Parenteral Nutrition (PN). The primary aim of this study was to assess changes in glycemic control (GC) in DM patients on EN therapy. The secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of the specialized formula on various clinical parameters and the tolerability of the nutritional formula by monitoring potential gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: We report a case series on the effects of a Diabetes-Specific Formula (DSF) on GC, lipid profile (LP), and renal and hepatic function in a DM cohort receiving EN support. Results: Twenty-two DM subjects with total dysphagia (thirteen men, nine women) on continuous EN were observed. The use of a DSF in EN was associated with an improvement in glycemic indices across all patients studied, leading to a reduction in average insulin demand. No hospitalizations were reported during the study period. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the use of DSFs in a multi-dimensional home care management setting can improve glycemic control, reduce glycemic variability and insulin need, and positively impact the lipid profile of the DM cohort. The metabolic improvements were supported by the clinical outcomes observed.
Possible Extracellular Signals to Ameliorate Sarcopenia in Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Ezaki Osamu
Published: August 2024

In frail older adults (mean age 85 years old), a 3-month supplementation with a low dose (6 g/day) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C8:0 and C10:0) given at a meal increased muscle mass and function, relative to supplementation with long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), but it decreased fat mass. The reduction in fat mass was partly due to increased postprandial energy expenditure by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the extracellular signals to ameliorate sarcopenia are unclear. The following three potential extracellular signals to increase muscle mass and function after MCT supplementation are discussed: (1) Activating SNS—the hypothesis for this is based on evidence that a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist acutely (1–24 h) markedly upregulates isoforms of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNAs, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, and chronically (~1 month) induces muscle hypertrophy. (2) An increased concentration of plasma acyl-ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion. (3) A nitrogen-sparing effect of ketone bodies, which fuel skeletal muscle, may promote muscle protein synthesis and prevent muscle protein breakdown. This review will help guide clinical trials of using MCTs to treat primary (age-related) sarcopenia.
The Association of the Essential Amino Acids Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine with Clinical Outcomes in Patients at Nutritional Risk: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wunderle Carla , Haller Luana , Laager Rahel , Bernasconi Luca , Neyer Peter , Stumpf Franziska , Tribolet Pascal , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp
Published: August 2024

Lysine, methionine, and threonine are essential amino acids with vital functions for muscle and connective tissue health, metabolic balance, and the immune system. During illness, the demand for these amino acids typically increases, which puts patients at risk for deficiencies with harmful clinical consequences. In a secondary analysis of the Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), which compared individualized nutritional support to usual care nutrition in patients at nutritional risk, we investigated the prognostic impact of the lysine, methionine, and threonine metabolism. We had complete clinical and amino acid data in 237 patients, 58 of whom reached the primary endpoint of death at 30 days. In a model adjusted for comorbidities, sex, nutritional risk, and trial intervention, low plasma methionine levels were associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.16 to 3.36], p = 0.01) and with a decline in functional status (adjusted OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.06 to 4.01], p = 0.03). The results for lysine and threonine did not show statistically significant differences regarding clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that low levels of methionine may be critical during hospitalization among patients at nutritional risk. Further studies should investigate the effect of supplementation of methionine in this patient group to improve outcomes.
C-Reactive Protein-to-Prealbumin and C-Reactive Protein-to-Albumin Ratios as Nutritional and Prognostic Markers in Hospitalized Patients—An Observational Study
Authors: García-Moreno Rosa M. , Mola Reyes Laura , López-Plaza Bricia , Palma Milla Samara
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the role of the C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin (CP) ratio and the C-reactive protein-to-albumin (CA) ratio as nutritional and prognostic markers. A retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized patients who underwent a nutritional assessment and the measurement of C-reactive protein, prealbumin, and albumin (n = 274). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used. The area under the curve (AUC) of the CP ratio for predicting mortality was 0.644, 95%CI (0.571 to 0.717), and the CA ratio had an AUC of 0.593, 95%CI (0.518 to 0.669). The AUC of the CP ratio for the differential diagnosis between severe and moderate disease-related malnutrition (DRM) was 0.643, 95%CI (0.564 to 0.722), and the CA ratio had an AUC of 0.650, 95%CI (0.572 to 0.728). The CP and CA ratios showed greater accuracy in predicting mortality compared to C-reactive protein as an isolated marker (p = 0.011 and p = 0.006, respectively). Both ratios also improved the ability of prealbumin and albumin to identify severe DRM (p = 0.002 and p = 0.044, respectively). In conclusion, these results suggest that the CP and CA ratios may have a limited role in predicting mortality and identifying severe DRM by outperforming isolated protein markers.
Sedum kamtschaticum Exerts Hypnotic Effects via the Adenosine A2A Receptor in Mice
Authors: Kim Yeon-Soo , Lee Bo Kyung , Kim Cha Soon , Lee Young-Seob , Lee Yoon Ji , Kim Kwan-Woo , Lee Dae Young , Jung Yi-Sook
Published: August 2024

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant societal and economic impacts. Current pharmacotherapies for insomnia are often accompanied by side effects, necessitating the development of new therapeutic drugs. In this study, the hypnotic effects and mechanisms of Sedum kamtschaticum 30% ethanol extract (ESK) and one of its active compounds, myricitrin, were investigated using pentobarbital-induced sleep experiments, immunohistochemistry (IHC), receptor binding assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pentobarbital-induced sleep experiments revealed that ESK and myricitrin reduced sleep latency and prolonged total sleep time in a dose-dependent manner. Based on c-Fos immunostaining, ESK, and myricitrin enhanced the GABAergic neural activity in sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) GABAergic. By measuring the level of GABA released from VLPO GABAergic neurons, ESK and myricitrin were found to increase GABA release in the hypothalamus. These effects were significantly inhibited by SCH. Moreover, ESK exhibited a concentration-dependent binding affinity for the adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). In conclusion, ESK and myricitrin have hypnotic effects, and their underlying mechanisms may be related to the activation of A2AR.
The Role of Central and Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Biomarker of Anorexia Nervosa Reconceptualized as a Metabo-Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Cao Jingxian , Gorwood Philip , Ramoz Nicolas , Viltart Odile
Published: August 2024

Neurotrophic factors play pivotal roles in shaping brain development and function, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) emerging as a key regulator in various physiological processes. This review explores the intricate relationship between BDNF and anorexia nervosa (AN), a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by disordered eating behaviors and severe medical consequences. Beginning with an overview of BDNF’s fundamental functions in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity, the review delves into recent clinical and preclinical evidence implicating BDNF in the pathophysiology of AN. Specifically, it examines the impact of BDNF polymorphisms, such as the Val66Met variant, on AN susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment response. Furthermore, the review discusses the interplay between BDNF and stress-related mood disorders, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying AN vulnerability to stress events. Additionally, it explores the involvement of BDNF in metabolic regulation, highlighting its potential implications for understanding the metabolic disturbances observed in AN. Through a comprehensive analysis of clinical data and animal studies, the review elucidates the nuanced role of BDNF in AN etiology and prognosis, emphasizing its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Finally, the review discusses limitations and future directions in BDNF research, underscoring the need for further investigations to elucidate the complex interplay between BDNF signaling and AN pathology.