bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact du changement dans la couverture des interventions entre 2006 et 2018 au niveau national sur la mortalité des enfants de moins de 5 ans, Mali
Authors: Diawara Niakalé
Published: April 2022

Introduction : La mortalité des enfants de moins cinq ans dans les pays à faible revenu reste un problème de santé publique. L’objectif était étudier l’impact du changement intervenu dans la couverture des interventions de Santé Maternelle, Néonatale et Infantile et de Nutrition entre 2006 et 2018 sur la mortalité des enfants de 0 à 5 ans et modélisables avec Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Matériel et Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé l’Outil de Vies Sauvées (LiST) pour mener une modélisation retro prospective des interventions sur la mortalité des enfants de moins de 5 ans de 2006 à 2018. Résultats : Nos résultats ont montré que de 2006 à 2018, la réduction la plus importante a été observée au niveau de la mortalité infanto-juvénile avec un taux de réduction de 55% et le nombre de vies sauvées a été de 336732. Les interventions liées à la promotion de l’allaitement maternel exclusif ont été les premières à sauver le plus de vies chez les nouveau-nés soit 19152 de vies sauvées. La possession de moustiquaire imprégnée d’insecticide dans les ménages a contribué à sauver plus des vies chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans soit 52758 de vies sauvées. Conclusion : L’évaluation a révélé que les niveaux de couverture des interventions de Maternelle, Néonatale et Infantile et de Nutrition en vigueur de 2006 à 2018 ont réduit les taux de mortalité mais la cible 4 des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement n’a pas été atteinte.
Etude de la prévalence de la malnutrition aigüe sévère avec complication chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou
Authors: Bah Adama
Published: April 2022

Introduction : Le but de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence de la malnutrition aigüe sévère avec complication à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba. Matériels et Méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale de type descriptif, allant du 1er juin 2017 au 30 mai 2018 réalisée à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou. Nous avons inclus dans l’étude tous les enfants âgés de 06 à 59 mois ayant un indice poids/taille inférieur à -3 Z score et/ou la présence des œdèmes bilatéraux d’origine nutritionnelle avec complication médicale. Résultats: Pendant la période d’étude, nous avons recensé 242 cas de malnutritions aigues sévères avec complications, sur un total de 2140 d’hospitalisons, soit une fréquence de 11,3%. La tranche d’âge de 12 à 24 mois représentait 57% des cas, le sex ratio était de 1,17 en faveur des garçons. Le motif de consultation fréquemment évoqué était, la diarrhée (49,6%). Le marasme était la forme de malnutrition la plus représentée avec 79,7% des cas. Parmi les complications rencontrées à l’admission, la gastroentérite était la plus fréquente avec 41,7% des cas. La majorité des patients (85%) était stabilisée et transférée à l’unité de récupération et d’éducation nutritionnelle ambulatoire sévère (URENAS) cependant nous avons enregistré 2 ,5% de cas d’abandon et 11,6% de décès. Conclusion : La malnutrition aigüe sévère avec complication est un problème de santé publique à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou avec une fréquence hospitalière de 11,4%, la tranche d’âge de 12 à 24 mois était la plus touche et le sexe masculin le plus vulnérable.
Malnutrition aigüe sévère chez les enfants de moins de 6 mois : Cas de l’hôpital de Sikasso
Authors: Cissouma Assetou
Published: April 2022

Introduction : La malnutrition aigüe demeure un problème de santé publique. Durant les six premiers mois de la vie, une nutrition adaptée est essentielle pour une croissance appropriée ainsi que la formation et le développement du système nerveux. La malnutrition chez les nourrissons de moins de 6 mois est un fléau et reste peu étudié. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la prévalence de la malnutrition aigüe sévère chez les enfants de moins de 6 mois au service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital de Sikasso. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive sur une période d’une année. Ont été inclus dans l’étude tous les enfants de moins de 6 mois hospitalisés, dépistés comme malnutris aigus sévères. Le consentement éclairé des parents ou du tuteur légal a été obtenu oralement. Résultats : Ils y’avaient 126 enfants sur 1755 patients hospitalisés ont été dépistés malnutris aigües sévères soit une prévalence de 7,17%. L’âge moyen était de 2,01±1,82 mois. La sex-ratio était de 1,63 en faveur du sexe masculin. La fièvre était le principal motif d’admission (42,85%). Près de 17,46% des enfants étaient sous allaitement maternel exclusif. Un enfant était positif au Vih 1 à la PCR. L’évaluation de l’état nutritionnel à un mois de suivi post hospitalisation notait 63,16% de rémission ; 15,87% d’abandons et 19,05% de décès. Conclusion : La malnutrition aiguë sévère chez les enfants des moins de 6 mois reste une préoccupation en milieu hospitalier. Des études ultérieures permettront de mieux clarifier les facteurs associés à la mortalité élevée chez ces enfants.
Le préjudice corporel chez les traumatisés de la face admis à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou.
Authors: Bagayoko Thierno Boubacar
Published: April 2022

Introduction : le but était d’évaluer le dommage corporel chez les traumatisés de la face admis à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou et décrire le processus de réparation. La méthodologie : il s’agissait d’une descriptive, rétrospective réalisée à l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou de janvier 2016 à décembre 2018, portant sur les atteintes à l’intégrité physique de la face. Résultats : nous avons colligés 181 cas de traumatismes maxillo-faciaux sur 6735 patients admis pour traumatismes soit une fréquence de 2.62%. Le sexe ratio était de 2,28 en faveur des hommes. La tranche d’âge (21- 30ans) a été la plus représentée avec 32,6%, les victimes étaient les élèves/étudiants (28,2%) suivies des cultivateurs (25.4%), les lésions survenaient des suites d’accident de la circulation routière (80,1%), les Coups et Blessures Volontaires (17%), les lésions les plus fréquentes ont été les fractures mandibulaires et les contusions avec respectivement (34,80%) et (33,1%). La disgrâce faciale par perte d’organe et les cicatrices chéloïdes ont été les séquelles les plus fréquentes avec respectivement (6,1%) et (3,9%), les périodes d’Incapacité Temporaire Totale de Travail les plus longues étaient comprises entre (5 et 20 jours) chez 50,3% des cas, le Préjudice Patrimonial occasionné par un traumatisme de la face a été estimé entre (25000f et 125000fcfa) chez 59,1% des patients, le Quantum Doloris (souffrance endurée) a été qualifiée LEGER (1/8) dans 49,4% selon le code CIMA, le Préjudice Esthétique a été qualifié LEGER (1/8) soit 3,9% des patients et MODERE (3/8) chez 1,1% des patients, seuls 2,2% (n=4) de nos patients ont bénéficié d’Incapacité Partielle Permanente (IPP) comprise entre (10 et 30%) soient 2,2% des patients, le règlement à l’amiable a été le mode de réparation le plus fréquent (95,6%). Conclusion : les traumatismes de la face sont le plus souvent disgracieux, L’une des mesures de prévention les plus efficaces restent le port de casque et l’utilisation rationnelle de la ceinture de sécurité.
Connaissances, attitudes et perceptions des femmes enceintes sur la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH dans les centres de santé communautaires de la commune urbaine de Koulikoro, Mali
Authors: Dao Seydou Z
Published: April 2022

Introduction : La prévention de la transmission du virus de la mère à son enfant constitue le principal défi des femmes séropositives au Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH) en période d’activité génitale. But : Etudier les connaissances, attitudes et perceptions des femmes enceintes sur la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH. Matériel et Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte prospective du 26 avril au 26 juillet 2021 dans les centres de santé communautaires de la commune urbaine de Koulikoro. Toutes les femmes enceintes venues consulter dans ces centres et qui ont accepté de participer à cette étude, ont été incluses. Résultats : En 3 mois, 136 femmes enceintes ont accepté de participer à cette étude. Il s’agissait de femmes au foyer (67,7%), âgées entre 25 et 34 ans (45,6%), paucigestes (42,7%), scolarisées avec un niveau secondaire (39,8%) et primaire (36,7%). La transmission verticale n’était connue que par 3,7% des femmes et 12% ne connaissaient aucun moyen de prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH. Plus de 2/3 des femmes qui avaient reçu un counseling, avaient réalisé le dépistage du VIH au cours de cette grossesse mais 24,2% n’étaient pas favorables au partage du statut sérologique avec leur conjoint en cas de positivité. Conclusion : Les connaissances, attitudes et perceptions des femmes enceintes des centres de santé communautaires de Koulikoro sur le VIH sont faibles. L’élimination de la transmission verticale du VIH nécessite la sensibilisation continue des femmes enceintes sur les moyens de transmission et de prévention de cette maladie.
Factors Associated with Contagious Gastroenteritis in Adults
Authors: Aftab Ahmad Omer Hassaan , . Areesha , Sadiq Muhammad Adnan , Abbas Akbar , Abbas Rizvi Syed Mubashir , Ahmed Wajid
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the factors associated with contagious gastroenteritis in adults. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Gastroenterology, New Life Hospital, Fateh Jang from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients, who were suspected of suffering from contagious gastroenteritis, were isolated in the private care setting until the confirmation of such through laboratory testing, faecal sampling/examination and scoring method, were enrolled. A well standardized questionnaire was generated for documenting all the demographic as well as clinical, examined history of patients with their faecal sampled results. Additional information about travel history, at least two months before gastroenteritis development, any infectious contact, recent antibiotic usage was also recorded. Results: There were more females as 81.8% in C. difficile cases and 48.71% in other contagious patients with gastroenteritis in comparison with 27.2% and 48.71% respectively. The age pattern showed that contagious gastroenteritis due to C. difficile was common in 25-45 years group, while 46-65 year age group was common for other contagious gastroenteritis. Around 45.45% patients with C. difficile and 51.2% other cases has a close contact with other people before admission. Also, there were 36.36% C. difficile cases with 1-2 month antibiotic usage history and 12.82% those cases of other contagious gastroenteritis with recent antibiotic usage. Conclusion: Contagious gastroenteritis is associated with factors such as age, travelling, antibiotic usage and mucous generation. Keywords: Clostridium; Travelling; Antibiotics; Gender
To Assess The Accuracy Of Radiology Procedure Codes For Standardization And Structure Of Radiology Department
Authors: Umer Ummara Siddique , Asif Muhammad , Rafique Muhammad Salman , Safi Abdullah , Jabeen Mahwish , Kundi Sana
Published: April 2022

Aim: To see accuracy of radiology procedure codes for standardization and structure of radiology department Methods: 100 cases for each procedure i.e. radiology, fluoroscopy, MRI and CT scan were selected. Request forms were reviewed and the assigned codes were compared with the films of radiology on a system called picture archiving and communication system (PACS). This system determines the appropriate coding. Results: In this study, accurate coding in MRI, fluoroscopy, CT scan and X rays was 99%, 95%, 90% and 85% respectively according to local guidelines. Conclusion: This study concludes that MRI has maximum accuracy i.e. 99% and x rays have minimum i.e. 85%. Keywords: Codes, CT, MRI
Frequency of Common Clinical & Laboratory Attributes in Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Nasir Aisha , Shoukat Amna , Iqbal Hafsa , Ain Qurra-Tul- , Iqbal Ayesha , Kaleemi Shizra , Laique Talha
Published: April 2022

Background: The adults ITP is often insidious & reveals diversity in the clinical course. These individuals usually seek medical help for muco-cutanaeous or subcutaneous bleeds, while the clinical picture can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Aim: To determine the frequency of common clinical and laboratory attributes in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional. Methodology: Present study was conducted at Pathology Department, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A total of 95 patients with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura, age 20-50 years of both gender were included. Patients history of anticoagulant drugs or steroid use for last 1 month, CLD, CRF and post- radiotherapy or chemotherapy were excluded. After this, common clinical and laboratory attributes (hemorrhagic manifestations, hemoglobin levels, platelet count) in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The chi-square tests was used to compare the groups. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Hemorrhagic manifestations in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenic purpura was found in 41 (43.16%) patients. The mean hemoglobin & platelets counts at presentation was 10.35 ± 1.43g/d l& 45.47 ± 2.07 x 109/l. Conclusion: It was concluded that hemorrhagic manifestations in newly diagnosed immune1thrombocytopenic purpura were found in about half of the patients. Keywords: Immune1Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Immunoglobulin and Platelet Count.
Diagnostic Accuracy of TCD/AC Ratio in Predicting Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Authors: Ashfaq Naila , Akram Umbreen , Zafar Ruqya , Khalid Rabia
Published: April 2022

Background: Fetal growth assessment is necessary for prediction of fetal health during pregnancy. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of transcerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference ratio in predicting intrauterine growth retardation after 20 weeks gestation taking birth weight as gold standard. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital Kharian. Patients (n=80) with an age range of 18-40 years with singleton pregnancies at 20 weeks gestation were enrolled. All patients were assessed by ultrasound and TCD/AC ratio was calculated. All patients followed till birth and actual birth weight was obtained. All this information was recorded on Performa. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were presented as frequency and percentage. Age was presented as mean± SD. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.61±5.72 years. The mean gestational age was 21.96±1.50 weeks. For prediction of IUGR, TCD/AC had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV & diagnostic accuracy of 85.29%, 91.3%, 87.88%, 89.36% & 88.75%, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that TCD/AC ratio is an accurate diagnostic tool accuracy for prediction of IUGR during pregnancy. Keywords: Transcerebellar Diameter, Abdominal Circumference, Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Birth Weight.
Haematological Changes in Hepatitis C (HCV) Patients
Authors: Ain Qurrat Ul , Zameer Huda , Haroon Amber , , Kadir Sidra , Mazhar Neelam , Laique Talha
Published: April 2022

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection victimizes around 200 million people globally. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of haematological abnormalities in HCV infected patients. Study design: Cross Sectional study. Methodology: Present study with chronic HCV infection was carried out in the Department of Pathology, CMH, Multan after the Hospital’s Ethical Committee approval. All patients (n=175) of HCV positive on ELISA were further investigated with hematological parameters. Venous blood was send to laboratory for complete blood count (CBC). The outcome variables i.e. hematological abnormality as (Yes/No), duration or hepatitis C infection, personal data like age, gender, living area and occupation were noted on the Performa. Statistical analysis: SPSS software, version, 26 analyzed the collected data. Results: All patients (n=139) had a mean age of 32.46 ± 7.35years. In frequency of gender of patients there were 101(57.71%) males and 74(42.29%) females. Mean TLC was 11.43±1.33 x 103µL. Mean Hb% was 10.57±3.41 g/dl. Mean platelet count was 154.27± 25.45 x 103 µL. Frequency of haematological abnormalities in HCV infected patients was found in 47 (26.86%) patients. Conclusion: We concluded that the frequency of haematological abnormalities in HCV infected patients is quite high. Keywords: Hepatitis C, Haematological Abnormalities and Thrombocytopenia.
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction towards Dental Care Services Provided at Private Dental Hospital: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Syed Ayma , Rizwan Fariha , Sultana Mariam Rabya , Saghir Muhammad Rizwan , Latif Waqas
Published: April 2022

Background: The dental practice is a mixture of science and art that provides excellent dental and oro-facial care to their patients. Aim: To assess the level of patient satisfaction and seek improvement in the quality of dental services provided at Private Hospital. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: A total number of 400 patients were enrolled who responded to the questionnaire. The ethical approval was obtained from hospital review ethical committee, after completing and submitting the research proposal. The questionnaires were filled by patients after being guided by dental assistants for accuracy and complete filling of data. Results: Among 400 enrolled subjects, there were 53.7% females while males were 46.3%. Satisfaction score was higher in all domains except reception desk & waiting area. No significant difference was observed in satisfaction score of patient-doctor interaction, dental assistant patient interaction and overall health facility domain among different age groups. The satisfaction score of reception desk & waiting area domain was significantly lower in young patients (<30years). There was no significant difference in satisfaction score of all domains between both genders. Patient visited to Orthodontics department had lower score in dental assistant patient interaction domain as compared to patients visited operative department. Similarly, overall satisfaction score of the patients visited Orthodontics department was scored lower as compared to remaining departments. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was significantly high satisfactory score from patients. Thus, were ready to re-visit the hospital. Young patients were less satisfied pertaining reception desk services and waiting area. Patients visited Orthodontics department were also less satisfied with the behavior of dental assistant. Keywords: Dental Professionals, Satisfactory Score and Health Facilities.
Awareness, Attitude and Practice of keeping proper oral hygiene among the Medical and Dental students
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Rashid Sadia , Rizwan Muhammad , Ghafoor Ch Wajahat , Sheikh Qaiser Masud , Noor Asif
Published: April 2022

Aim: To find out the perspective of awareness, attitude and practice of keeping good oral hygiene among the Medical and dental college students of Islamabad and Abbottabad. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in HBS and Federal Medical and Dental College Islamabad and Frontier Medical and Dental College Abbottabad from July to December 2021. A sample of 900 medical and dental students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd year MBBS and BDS, 300 from each college were selected randomly. Result: Number of Female students was more than male students with an age range between 17-22 years in all three colleges. Majority of the students had insufficient awareness and knowledge about various available dental hygiene aids, their proper usage and impact on health status. Good practice, knowledge and attitude of dental hygiene was shown by less than 50% of students, majority students of Islamabad than Abbottabad. Conclusion: Average level of AAP about oral hygiene was seen among the Medical and Dental students of all colleges. Organizing various counseling sessions, community work and seminars to highlight the importance of oral hygiene, various tools available and their proper usage was suggested. Keywords: Awareness, Attitude and Practice (AAP), tools, Oral hygiene.
Assessment of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills among the Students of Dentistry
Authors: Hyder Mawra , Asher Talha , Rashid Sadia , Batool Syed Midhat , Afzal Javeria , Noor Asif , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) has been defined as “unpredicted & the quick halt/stop in the breathing of patients or/and circulation due to numerous reasons. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation incorporates complete hard work & the practices for the reviving of that individual/person who is in the heart failure. All of the wellbeing professionals, including oral/dental experts, have to be trained and prepared enough to oversee health linked crises. Aim: To see student’s skills of latest CPR guiding principles Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: This study of 3 months duration was carried on students of Multan dental college Multan. Methodology: Eighty Students were chosen randomly. Knowledge concerning CPR was appraised by objective type printed paper. Practical skills/ expertise was then appraised by the SimMan (the high-fidelity simulator). The paper embraced of eighteen true false and 7 MCQ’s. Every query was of one mark and the passing score was 50%. Results: Men were thirty two while ladies were forty eight. 66(82.5%) participants failed in initial assessment, 72(90%) students reported failure due to compression rate error, 58(72.5%) subjects were failed due to ventilation rate error and 61(76.25%) students failed due to wrong hand position Conclusion: Level of the knowledge in addition to training concerning the medicinal emergencies of students is below and less than required standard. Hence, it is imperative to place the correct strategies & plans in place to fortify zones of weakness. Keywords: Basic life support, Cardio-pulmonary arrest, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, guiding principles, Medical emergencies
Role of local infiltration of tramadol vs. Bupivacain in postoperative laproscopic cholecystectomy pain management
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Ijaz Raja Muhammad , Naz Saman , Shahzadi Irum , Shahzad Talat , Khan Nadir Saifullah
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare local infiltration of Tramadol vs. Bupivacain in postoperative cholecystectomy in terms of mean pain score. Study Design. Randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, CMH, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir from December 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: Total of 100 patients with 50 in each group. Cholecystectomy done with wound infiltration using Tramadol (T) in group A while Bupivacain (B) in group B at time of skin closure. Postoperative pain assessment was done by using visual analogue score (0-10) a 12 hours. Results: One hundred patients with mean age of 46.93±10.23 years were studied and male to female ratio was almost 1:2.5. The mean pain score at postoperative day one at 12 hours was recorded as (VAS 3.5±1.787) in group A (Tramadol) while mean pain score recorded as (VAS 6.0±1.195) in group B (Bupivacain).The p value was found significant <0.05. Conclusion: Our study concluded that tramadol can be used as local infiltrate for better postoperative analgesia. Keywords: Visual analogue pain score VAS, Tramadol and Bupivacain.
Presentation of Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Basit Muhammad , Sultan Allah Nawaz , Ahmed Shabir , Iftikhar Nosheen , Ahmad Waheed , Hafeez Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are lifelong developmental disabilities characterized by marked difficulties in social reciprocal interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive interests, attitudes and behaviors. Aim: To determine the frequency and spectrum of restrictive and repetitive interests, attitudes and behaviors in patients with ASD. Methods: A Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore for six months. A total of 190 cases were enrolled in this study, Patients assessed for presence of restrictive and repetitive interests, attitudes and behaviors and its types including; Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, insistence on sameness, highly restricted, fixated interests and Hyper or Hypo reactivity to sensory input. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS. Results: The mean age of patients was 6.54±2.29 years. Male to female ratio was 1.63:1. The mean CARS score was 42.12±7.31. The restricted and repetitive interests, attitudes and behaviors were noted in 180(94.7%) patients. Conclusion: Repetitive behavior was noted in 94.7% patients, stereotypies, insistence on sameness, highly restricted interests and hyper of hypo reactivity to sensory input was found in 42.6%, 30.5%, 10.5% and 11.05% respectively Keywords: Repetitive, Behavior, Restricted Interests, Sensory Input
Comparative Study of Use of Diathermy Vs Scalpel for Incision Making in Midline Laparotomy With Respect to Blood Loss
Authors: Lodhi Junaid Khan , Malik Aasim , Bokhari Saba Tahir , Zubair Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background: Scalpels are used by surgeons for making incisions. Modern cautery units are used nowadays for making incisions. Aim: To evaluate and compare use of diathermy and scalpel for incision making in midline laparotomy with respect to incision time and blood loss. Method: This prospective randomized study was conducted at Surgical Unit1 Fatima Memorial Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were categorized into diathermy and scalpel groups and evaluated for incision time and blood loss. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study with 25 (50%) patients in both diathermy and scalpel groups. For incision time, there was no difference found to be statistically significant in the diathermy and scalpel groups but pertaining to blood loss, less blood loss was calculated in diathermy group than in scalpel group. Conclusion: Diathermy is a primary choice for making incision to minimize blood loss in patients than scalpel. However, considering these options for incision time, none is superior to other. Keywords: diathermy, scalpel, laparotomy, skin incision, blood loss
Frequency of Hyperopia in Children between 5 to 15 Years of Age
Authors: Arshad, Muhammad Usman , Zia Sohail , Maqbool Aunaza , Bhatti Rabia Sharif , Iqbal Zamir , Iqbal Yasir
Published: April 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of hyperopia in children between 5 and 15 years of age. Study Design: Cross sectional study Setting and Duration of Study: Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi between March 2015 to September 2015 Methodology: 150 children between the ages of 5-15 years were included in the study. All children with eye disorders like corneal opacity, retinoblastoma, cataracts, amblyopia, chronic metabolic disorders, and hemoglobinopathies were excluded from the study. The participants were assessed for visual acuity was checked through a LogMAR visual acuity assessment chart for each eye. Those who found to have decreased visual acuity their pin-hole visual acuity was determined and then they got thorough examination by slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy to rule out causes of decreased vision other than refractive errors. Results: A mean (SD) age of 8.57 (2.52) years with 106 (70.76%) children between 5-10 years and 44 (29.33%) were between 11-15 years of age. Males were predominant in our study with 90/150 (60%) male patients and 60 (40%) female population. The frequency of hyperopia I our study was 93 (62%). Out of 60 female patients, 35 (58.33%) had hyperopia whereas, out of the 90 male patients, 58 (64.4%) patients had hyperopia. Conclusion: We reported that hyperopia is a very frequent refractive disorder found in children. Male are more frequently diagnosed with the disorder between the ages of 5-10 years. Further large-scale cohorts should be conducted to determine the correlating factors that increase the risk of hyperopia and prognosis. Keywords: hyperopia, refractive disorders, strabismus, emmetropia, ocular examination, visual acuity
To Compare the Mean Postoperative Pain between Manual Dilatation of Anus and Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Faiz Amna , Ramzan Kousar , Baker M. Qausain Abu , Malik Muzamil Hazoor , Jamahed Muhammad , Iqbal Samia
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare the mean post-operative pain between manual dilatation of anus and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of acute anal fissure. Study design: Randomized Controlled Trial Settings: Department of General Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Study duration: 4th October 2020 to 3rd April 2021. Methods: Total 88 patients with acute anal fissure, 30-70 years of age of both genders were selected. Patients with secondary hemorrhoids as a result of abdominal malignancy, anorectal deformity, hypotonic sphincter, underwent previous anorectal surgery, previous anal sphincterotomy or anal dilatation, hemorrhoids, proctitis, abscess, perianal sepsis, proctalgia fugax and fissure were excluded. In group A patients, lateral internal sphincterotomy with open technique was done. Patients in group B were undergone manual dilatation of anus under general anesthesia. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 46.73±8.58 years and in group B was 46.86±10.26 years. Majority of the patients 65(73.86%) were between 25to 40 years of age. Out of 88 patients, 60(61.18%) were males and 28 (38.88%) were females with male to female ratio of 2.1:1. In my study, mean postoperative pain after 10th day was 0.80±0.73 after lateral internal sphincterotomy vs 2.20 ±0.85 after manual dilatation of anus with p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: This study concluded that the postoperative pain after lateral internal sphincterotomy is less as compared to manual dilatation of anus in the treatment of acute anal fissure. Keywords: Acute anal fissure, lateral internal sphincterotomy, manual dilatation of anus.
Importance of High C-Reactive Protein (CRP) And Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) In Odontogenic Space Infections
Authors: Rashid Sadia , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Adeel Muhammad , Zafar Sana , Maqbool Shahida , Javed Danish , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background: An acute inflammatory homo-pentameric plasma protein, C-reactive Protein, discovered in 1930, is found in small amounts in healthy persons and plays an important role in natural immune system, activation of compliment system and phagocytosis and antigen clearance. Aim: To determine high C - reactive protein (CRP) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) in patients suffering from odontogenic space infections. Methods: Present study was carried out in the department of Oral Surgery at Islam Dental College, Sialkot from Sept. 2020 to Oct 2021. A total of 151 male and female patients of 22-65 years age range with odontogenic space infection were included. Patients suffering from chronic disease like diabetes, chronic renal failure, and pregnant women were excluded. Sample of patient’s blood was sent to the hospital laboratory for measurement of serum C - reactive protein (CRP) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) levels. Results: Patient’s age range in our study was 22 to 65 years with mean age of 54.5±14.68 years. Out of 151 patients, 93 (61.58%) were male and females were 58 (38.42%) showing male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Mean CRP levels were 3.52±1.23 mg/L and Mean TLC levels were 13670 ± 1890 cells/mm3. In our study, frequency of raised CRP levels was found in 100% and TLC in 71.82% of patients with odontogenic space infections. Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of raised C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels are found in 100% patients, indicating CRP to be an effective biomarker in infected patients. Keywords: Odontogenic Infections, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC).
Ectopic Pregnancy Associated Risk Factors and Complications Latest Insight from Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital
Authors: Yasin Asma , Baig Asma Amin , Khan Ayesha Azhar , Afzal Madiha , Aziz Uzma , Rasul Sadaf Ghulam
Published: April 2022

Background: Ectopic pregnancy continues to be a life-threatening emergency and is a leading cause of maternal mortality in first trimester of pregnancy. Aim: To determine the local incidence, various clinical presentations, associated risk factors and outcome of ectopic pregnancy. Methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study which was carried out in pregnant women with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy over a 2 years period i.e. from Jan 2020 to December 2021 in the Obs and gynae department of Arif Memorial Teaching hospital. 60 cases of ectopic pregnancy were included in this study during this time period. Data was collected from case files from the department of medical records. Results obtained were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The peak age of patients diagnosed with ectopic was found to be 21 to 30 years and more common in multigravida. Risk factors for ectopic were seen in 49 cases (81.7%), the most common being previous LSCS (28.3%). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (85%) and there was no maternal mortality recorded. Conclusions: Proper and thorough evaluation of patients with risk factors for ectopic pregnancy will help in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy early which in turn will facilitate successful medical management to lessen maternal morbidity and also preserve future fertility. Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy, trends of ectopic, risk factors, ruptured ectopic.
Effect of Amino Acids Infusion on Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in 3rd Trimester Idiopathic Oligohydramnios
Authors: Afzal Madiha , Aziz Uzma , Yasin Asma , Maryam Attka , Khurram Nosheen , Zubair Hina
Published: April 2022

Background: Unexplained 3rd trimester oligohydramnios is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes if not treated appropriately. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of parenteral amino acids to improve amniotic fluid volume in idiopathic oligohydramnios encountered in the 3rd trimester thus improving perinatal outcomes. Methods: This study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Arif Memorial teaching hospital for a period of two years from January 2020 till December 2021. A total of 60 cases of confirmed idiopathic 3rd trimester oligohydramnios were included in the study. They were infused with intravenous amino acid infusion on alternate days for a week then once weekly till the patient was delivered with weekly serial ultrasound monitoring for the increase in AFI. The maternal outcome was noted in terms of mode of delivery. The fetal outcome was noted in terms of healthy newborns, LBW babies, need for NICU admission, and poor Apgar score. All this relevant information was entered in a predesigned proforma. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.5±4.6years. The mean gestational age at presentation was 31.4±2.10weeks. There were 25 (41.6%) primi gravida, 35 (58.3%) were multi gravida. The mean value of AFI before amino acid infusion in the study population was 5.1±1.35. There were 11 cases (18%) of AFI <5cm, 49(81%) cases of AFI between 5.1-8cm at the first visit. While after amino acid infusion, 6 (10%) patients were observed in severe oligohydramnios group while 33 (55%) in borderline oligohydramnios group and 21(35%) patients had AFI improved to normal range i.e. >8cm at the time of delivery. The mean increase in AFI after amino acid infusion in the study population at the time of delivery was 2.30±0.65. Out of 60 patients, 42 (70%) delivered by vaginal route at term, 15 (25%) cases delivered by cesarean section, and 1 patient (2%) delivered by instrumental delivery. All these deliveries were at term. While 2 (3.3%) cases were delivered preterm due to no improvement in AFI which remained <5cm even after amino acid infusion. Conclusion: Parenteral amino acid infusion in unexplained oligohydramnios in the third trimester may result in improved pregnancy outcomes. Keywords: Amino acid infusion, Maternal and perinatal outcome, Idiopathic oligohydramnios
Mean Blood Loss with Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid in females undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Iqbal Saima , Akhtar Tahira , Mansoor Ammara , Anwar Rabia
Published: April 2022

Background: Obstetric hemorrhage is the most common and dangerous complication encountered during child birth and postpartum hemorrhage accounts for about one-quarter of all maternal deaths globally, especially in developing countries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) with its antifibrinolytic properties, is widely in use for prophylactic treatment of heavy blood loss from trauma, surgery, removal of tooth, bleeding from nose, postpartum bleeding and heavy menstrual bleeding. Aim: To assess the mean blood loss with prophylactic tranexamic acid in females undergoing elective cesarean section Methods: Descriptive case series study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, DHQ Hospital, Gujranwala from August 2018 to February 2019. After meeting the inclusion criteria 550 females were enrolled. Informed consent and demographic details of the selected females were taken. Then females were given 1g of intravenous TXA 30 minutes before cesarean section. All cesarean sections were done under spinal anesthesia. All included females were followed-up till delivery of the fetus and placenta and blood loss was also noted. SPSS version 21 was applied for data collection and analysis. Results: In this study the mean age of the females was 29.07±6.49 years, 92(16.73%) females were nulliparous. The mean value of BMI was 26.75±4.76 kg/m2. The mean intra-op, post-op and total blood loss of the females was 300.15±29.13 ml, 99.55±29.43 ml & 399.70±41.98 ml respectively. Conclusion: According to this study the total mean blood loss with prophylactic TXA in females undergoing elective cesarean section was 399.70±41.98 ml Keywords: Females, Cesarean Section, Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid, Blood Loss
Effect of Cervical Traction verses Strengthening Exercises in patients of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Tahir Sana , Rana Arif Ali , Ghaffar Noman , Sajjad Sajjad Ali , Idrees Qasim , Raza Ali
Published: April 2022

Background: Cervical radiculopathy is one of the regularly happened conditions caused by the pressure of nerve roots and manual exercise based recuperation has the key part in its administration. Both the strengthening activities and traction has its adequacy, and the present investigation was intended to evaluate their belongings. Aim: To determine the effects of traction on cervical region verses effects of strengthening exercises in patients diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) were arbitrarily chosen and retained into two groups A and B. The inclusion standard was patients who were with diagnosed cervical radiculopathy on physical examination with age ranged 25-50 years. The Group A was treated with cervical traction, while group B was treated with strengthening exercises for 3 weeks. The NDI (Neck Disability Index) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to amount and measure the disability and searing pain. To analyze the data SPSS version 21 was used and paired t- test was applied at 95% level of implication to determine the statistical results. Results: Patients in group A showed marked improvement as compare to group B. P-value (0.000) less than 0.05 is considered significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that manual traction is far more operative and effective than strengthening exercises for the management of disability and radicular pain in patients diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy. Keywords: Cervical radiculopathy, Manual Traction, Strengthening exercises
Rekreasyonel Liderlik Davranışı Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AYYILDIZ DURHAN Tebessüm , KAYHALAK Fikret , KURTİPEK Serkan , YENEL Fatih
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı rekreasyon liderlik davranışlarını belirlemeye yönelik ölçüm aracı geliştirmektir. Hazırlanan denemelik nihai form ilk aşamada 422 öğrenci ile test edilmiş, çalışma grubu büyüklüğünün yeterliliği analiz edilmiştir (.85; 1766. 834, p
STATISTICALLY IDENTIFYING THE PATTERN CHANGE IN THE NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) POLLUTION IN SEOUL AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: CHANG SEOK HO , LEE SOONHUI
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a reddish-brown, highly reactive gas generated by oxidation of nitrogen monoxide in the atmosphere. It is widely recognized that NO2 is a toxic air pollutant as well as being one of the causative substances of secondary ultrafine dust such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). Our previous work (Chang and Lee, 2021) presents the recent change of PM2.5 and PM10 in Seoul before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we compare the average NO2 densities in Seoul before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis has produced the following results: (i) the average NO2 density in Seoul has decreased significantly in the first half of 2020 compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) the average difference in the NO2 density in Seoul between the period from October 2020 to June 2021 and that from October 2019 to June 2020 is not statistically significant. In contrast to discussing average values only, as was done in a report by the Ministry of Environment in the Republic of Korea, our analyses have produced statistically valid results. Our results could be partly interpreted as the effect related to the partial resumption of economic activity in Seoul after the first half of 2020. We also make comments on the implications of our findings, which are not discussed in our previous work (Chang and Lee, 2021).
AN APPROACH FOR CR+3 IONS RECYCLE FROM THE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BY THE CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHODS
Authors: SADIG HUSAM ELDIN , TABIDI MOHAMMED
Published: April 2022

The global concern about leather industries is increasing as the leather industries expand each year. These industries face very challenging tasks with an increase in stringent pollution control regulations enforced by various bodies due to environmental concerns and human risks. Chromium salts comprise the most widely employed chemical for the tanning process in leather industries. Approximately 35% of chromium utilized in the tanning process remains as metal and is discharged to wastewater streams. The removal and recovery of this quantity of wasted chromium are necessary for environmental pollution control and economic policymaking. This paper highlights chromium recovery and reuse systems of chromium salts in tanning wastewater by using NaOH as an effective chemical precipitation method to regenerate chromium solutions, adapt chrome recovery plants and technically and economically evaluate the systems.
NARRATIVE REVIEW: MICROPLASTIC SAMPLING TECHNIQUE IN LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT BASED ON APPROACH OF WWTP MICROPLASTIC SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Authors: PRADANA HILMI PUTRA , CITRASARI NITA , HARIYANTO SUCIPTO
Published: April 2022

Landfill solid waste composition 21-42% is plastic waste potentially as a microplastic source because of the extreme environments. The abundance of microplastics from waste degradation can be discovered inside leachate in a Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP). The compatibility of the sampling technique supports knowing the effects of LTP into representatively microplastic concentration. The article review aims to understand the similarity characteristic between a LTP and a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and to know the microplastic sampling technique in a LTP with an approach of microplastic sampling technique in a WWTP. The characteristic comparison between both showing three similarities is that the waste being treated is a type of wastewater, parameters of treated liquid waste to meet the quality standard, and both of them include secondary treatment and advanced treatment. Therefore, the microplastic sampling technique in LTP can be approached by WWTPâs microplastic sampling technique. Microplastic sampling technique in LTP tent to several factors, such as sample type and volume which is determined by sampling point, sampling method looks from the homogeneity of sampling point, sampling tool adjusted kind of sample in the LTP, sampling point based on the purpose of sampling, and two times minimum of sampling time and sampling replication.
SAFE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) FOR PEOPLE LIVING CLOSE TO LANDFILL (CASE STUDY IN CIPAYUNG LANDFILL, DEPOK, WEST JAVA)
Authors: UTOMO SUYUD WARNO , HIDAYATI RIMA MAULIDA , SUSANTO HARRIS
Published: April 2022

Cipayung landfill operating with open dumping system which accepts waste from 11 subdistricts in Depok City, West Java has exceeded its capacity. The height of the waste heap reaches 30 meters. This study aims to analyze potential health risk caused by H2S in people living around the landfill. This study uses descriptive quantitative method with analysis health risk approach by calculating the Risk Quotient value. The samples number in the study is 90 people who are living in ï£ 500 meters radius from Cipayung landfill. Data collected by questionnaire and measuring H2S ambient concentration at 9 points around the residential areas which have ï£ 500 meters distances to Cipayung landfill. The highest measurement result of H2S is 0.0042 mg/m3 with highest RQ value calculation is 2.4. Out of 90 respondents, 90% had respiratory symptoms during living near the landfill and the most frequent symptom of respiratory symptoms was coughing (87,8%). It needs cross-sectoral cooperation in monitoring and controlling H2S concentrations originating from the Cipayung landfill to reduce the health risk of people living close to the Cipayung Landfill.
INVESTIGATION OVER WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS GANGA AND YAMUNA DURING KUMBH-2019-A CASE STUDY AT PRAYAGRAJ (ALLAHABAD), UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: MISHRA RICHA , ANAND UTTPAL , SRIVASTAVA MOTILAL , AHMAD SARFRAZ , SURESH S. , PALIWAL HARSH BODH
Published: April 2022

Water is synonymous with life. Water is simply as important as oxygen for breathing. Without water, life as we know it could not have evolved and would die. Rivers have been an integral part of human civilizations from times miserable. Therefore, rivers are considered to be sacred. There are various reasons for river water pollution like urbanization, industrialization, religious activities and many more. Kumbh Mela is considered as one of the greatest religious festivals of Hindus where millions of people gather together for spiritual experiences in godliness. It occurs in four different places. Prayagraj (Allahabad), India is the place where the present study was carried out to assess the impact of changes occurring in the properties of water during Kumbh, 2019. In the present study, the following ten different sampling sites were selected along river Ganga and Yamuna: Ganga Arti Ghat (S1), Daraganj (S2), Shastri Bridge (S3), Saraswati Ghat (S4), Gaughat (S5), Boatclub (S6), Sangam (S7), Arail Kaccahr (S8), Arail Uparhar (S9), Chhatnag (S10). Kumbh fair was held from January 14, 2019 to March 4, 2019. Water samples were collected during the monthly intervals from December 2018 to May 2019. The observed values of different physico -chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, chloride, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of samples were compared with National Standard (BIS, 1991) and International Standards by World Health Organization (WHO). According to the result obtained most of the parameters were within the permissible limit except BOD and hardness which were found to be beyond the permissible limit. However, as per the present investigation and analysis, it was observed that the quality of water was very poor which was not fit for drinking and irrigating purpose etc.