bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Similarities in Gender Inequality and Human Freedom
Authors:   Bukidnon State University, Del Rosario Ann Sheila
Published: January 2025

This study utilized the data of countries worldwide to explore on their fractal distribution vis a vis gender inequality and freedom. It determined whether gender inequality can be enhanced via exercise of unrestrained human freedom. The gender inequality index used in this study measures gaps in reproductive health, empowerment and the labor market while human freedom is measured on the basis of civil liberties and political rights.

Results of the fractal dimension estimates of the variables which are 1.92661 and 1.29979 respectively denote that human freedom accounts for the 61% of the gender inequality among countries included in the study. This finding suggests that the exercise of some sort of freedom can in itself create some sort of gender inequality. Overall, the results provide further evidence that the characteristics of gender inequality phenomenon is true to all countries including those countries who are completely free and who have relatively competitive and advanced economies.
MEDICINE COMPLIANCE AND BARRIERS TOWARDS THE HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Memon Aisha , Muhammad Ilyas Siddiqui  , Kanwal Naz Ariser  , Sajan Sarang  , Nohri Abdul Razzaque , Erum Memon
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypertension poses a significant public health challenge in Pakistan, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality. Medication compliance in hypertension management is a critical concern, often hindered by factors such as forgetfulness, financial constraints, and limited awareness. Although this issue is widely documented, there is a lack of data on medication compliance and barriers in the remote areas of Southern Sindh, where healthcare access and awareness are often limited.
Objective: To explore medication compliance and identify barriers to hypertension management in Southern Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Thatta, a district in Southern Sindh. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 20 years and above with a confirmed diagnosis of hypertension. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire following informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant review board. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics used to summarize findings.
Results: The study found that 63.8% of participants cited forgetfulness as the primary barrier to medication adherence. Financial constraints affected 16.9%, while 8.1% reported medication side effects as a barrier. Adherence levels varied, with 30.8% reporting no difficulty, 17.7% finding adherence slightly difficult, and 20.4% moderately difficult. A further 19.2% and 11.9% found adherence very difficult and extremely difficult, respectively. Demographically, 63.1% were male, and 43.8% had completed matriculation education.
Conclusion: Medication compliance in hypertension management remains a significant challenge in Southern Sindh, primarily due to forgetfulness and financial barriers. Addressing these issues through improved patient education, affordable medication access, and enhanced healthcare support systems is vital for better hypertension management in this underserved region.
Modelo de Competencias Digitales para el Desarrollo del Desempeño Docente en el Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, en las Instituciones Educativas Fiscomisionales del Cantón Loja-Ecuador
Authors: Orozco Buele Narciza de Jesús , Zapico Apolo Martin Gonzalo , Vera Orozco Jefferson Ubaldo
Published: January 2025

Las Tecnologías para la Información y Comunicación TIC es el punto de partida de competencias digitales docentes. Actualmente esta investigación tiene como objetivo proponer el modelo de competencias digitales para el desarrollo del desempeño docente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Instituciones Educativas Fiscomisionales del cantón Loja-Ecuador. Metodológicamente el enfoque es cuantitativo, con un paradigma de investigación positivista, el método es hipotético-deductivo, con diseño no experimental, correlacional y transversal, el tipo de investigación es descriptivo y la modalidad de exploración es de campo. La muestra incluye a 30 docentes de colegios fiscomisionales de la ciudad de Loja. Para la recolección y análisis de datos se utilizó un cuestionario de 42 ítems, a través del coeficiente Alfa Cronbach, según los resultados se estima que el 75% de los docentes no utilizan las herramientas tecnológicas en vista de que los laboratorios no están en funcionamiento, desfavoreciendo la calidad educativa de los estudiantes, Se concluye que los docentes deben adquirir habilidades y competencias digitales durante su formación académica y profesional para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza. Esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento científico con un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar modelos de competencias digitales de información.
"US-India military nexus and implications for Pakistan's security"
Authors: Ihtisham Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on the evolving India-US military nexus and its impact on Pakistan's security. Using theoretical frameworks of realism, it explains how this partnership has bolstered India's military capabilities, posed significant security threats to Pakistan, and enhanced India's capability for proxy warfare. These developments have created a precarious security environment for Pakistan, contributing to a regional security dilemma and supporting India's emergence as a regional hegemon. The analysis highlights the role of advanced defense agreements, technology transfers, and joint military exercises in shifting the regional power balance. It also underscores the challenges Pakistan faces, including threats to its nuclear deterrence, increased proxy warfare, and its longstanding stance on Kashmir since independence. The study emphasizes the need for Pakistan to adopt a proactive approach, strengthen alliances, and implement counterbalancing strategies to address these emerging threats effectively. Recently, India has also taken initiatives to further strengthen its proxy warfare capabilities. As a result, Pakistan faces multifaceted challenges from this nexus, including border tensions, nuclear deterrence concerns, U.S. alignment with India, and a growing power imbalance. This article primarily focuses on these issues and explores strategies for Pakistan to effectively counter them.
Jogja Berhenti Nyaman?: Kepribadian Terang, Kepercayaan pada Perbaikan Diri, dan Penilaian tentang Keadilan Restoratif bagi Pelaku Klitih
Authors: Pawitra Maria Gracia Amara , Cristianto Malvin Geoffrey
Published: January 2025

Klitih has been rampant in Special Regions of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) since 2016, targeting people randomly and between groups in conflict. The majority of klitih offenders are underaged who live in unsupportive social environments. They are given juvenile diversion in the context of restorative justice to help them reintegrate and avoid the risk of repeated crimes. However, restorative justice is often challenged by social stigma. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the role of light triad traits and belief in offender redeemability in determining perceived restorative justice. The data was collected by using Skala Kepribadian Terang, Skala Kepercayaan pada Perbaikan Diri Pelaku, dan Skala Penilaian Keadilan Restoratif. The sample was selected using purposive sampling with inclusion criteria: 1) Indonesian citizens aged 18 years to 60 years, 2) Living in DIY at least since 2016 for at least 2 years, 3) Having updated the news and/discussed klitih cases in DIY. The results of multiple linear regression analysis (N= 124) showed that belief in offender redeemability significantly predicted perceived restorative justice but light triad traits didn’t. This research suggested that offenders should relinquish their delinquent behavior, as well as the public should enhance their belief in offender redeemability and support restorative outcomes.
Keywords: Belief In Offender Redeemability; Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta; Klitih; Light Triad Traits; Perceived Restorative Justice.
Simultaneous gene editing of both nuclei in a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein
Authors: Choi Yeon-Jae , Eom Hyerang , Nandre Rutuja , Kim Minseek , Oh Youn-Lee , Kim Sinil , Ro Hyeon-Su
Published: January 2025

The presence of multiple nuclei in a common cytoplasm poses a significant challenge to genetic modification in mushrooms. Here, we demonstrate successful gene editing in both nuclei of a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using the Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). The RNP targeting the pyrG gene was introduced into dikaryotic protoplasts of G. lucidum, resulting in the isolation of 31 mycelial colonies resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). Twenty-six of these isolates were confirmed as dikaryotic strains by the presence of two distinct A mating type markers, denoted as A1 and A2. All dikaryons exhibited clamp connections on their mycelial hyphae, while the remaining 5 transformants were monokaryotic. Subsequent sequence analysis of PCR amplicons targeting pyrG revealed that two dikaryons harbored disrupted pyrG in both nuclei (pyrG-/pyrG-), while 10 and 14 displayed pyrG+/pyrG- (A1/A2) and pyrG-/pyrG+ (A1/A2) configurations, respectively. The disruption was achieved through non-homologous end joining repair, involving deletion or insertion of DNA fragments at the site of the double-strand break induced by RNP. Importantly, the nuclei were stable throughout 10 serial transfers over a period of 6 months. These findings highlight the capability of RNP to target genes across multiple nuclei within the same cytoplasm.
Characteristics of skin microbiome associated with disease severity in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Lee Kyung-Ann , Ul-Haq Asad , Seo Hoonhee , Jo Sujin , Kim Sukyung , Song Ho-Yeon , Kim Hyun-Sook
Published: January 2025

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by skin fibrosis and internal organ involvement. Disruptions in the microbial communities on the skin may contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases that affect the skin. However, current research on the skin microbiome in SSc is lacking. This study aimed to investigate skin microbiome associated with disease severity in SSc. Skin swabs were collected from the upper limbs of 46 healthy controls (HCs) and 36 patients with SSc. Metagenomic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene was conducted and stratified by cutaneous subtype and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) severity. Significant differences in skin bacterial communities were observed between the HCs and patients with SSc, with further significant variations based on subtype and mRSS severity. The identified biomarkers were Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium for patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc with high mRSS (≥ 10) and Mycobacterium and Parabacteroides for those with low mRSS (< 10). Gardnerella, Abies, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia were the biomarkers in patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSS) and high mRSS, whereas Coprococcus predominated in patients with lcSS and low mRSS. Cutaneous subtype analysis identified Pediococcus as a biomarker in the HCs, whereas mRSS analysis revealed the presence of Pseudomonas in conjunction with Pediococcus. In conclusion, patients with SSc exhibit distinct skin microbiota compared with healthy controls. Bacterial composition varies by systemic sclerosis cutaneous subtype and skin thickness.
PneusPage: A WEB-BASED TOOL for the analysis of Whole-Genome Sequencing Data of Streptococcus pneumonia
Authors: Hong Eunju , Shin Youngjin , Kim Hyunseong , Cho Woo Young , Song Woo-Hyun , Jung Seung-Hyun , Lee Minho
Published: January 2025

With the advent of whole-genome sequencing, opportunities to investigate the population structure, transmission patterns, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pneumoniae at high resolution have been increasingly expanding. Consequently, a user-friendly bioinformatics tool is needed to automate the analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae whole-genome sequencing data, summarize clinically relevant genomic features, and further guide treatment options. Here, we developed PneusPage, a web-based tool that integrates functions for species prediction, molecular typing, drug resistance determination, and data visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae. To evaluate the performance of PneusPage, we analyzed 80 pneumococcal genomes with different serotypes from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project and compared the results with those from another platform, PathogenWatch. We observed a high concordance between the two platforms in terms of serotypes (100% concordance rate), multilocus sequence typing (100% concordance rate), penicillin-binding protein typing (88.8% concordance rate), and the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Clusters (98.8% concordance rate). In addition, PneusPage offers integrated analysis functions for the detection of virulence and mobile genetic elements that are not provided by previous platforms. By automating the analysis pipeline, PneusPage makes whole-genome sequencing data more accessible to non-specialist users, including microbiologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians, thereby enhancing the utility of whole-genome sequencing in both research and clinical settings. PneusPage is available at https://pneuspage.minholee.net/.
Diels-Alder adduct of levoglucosenone and isoprene in the syntheses of the key synthon for loganin
Authors: Faizullina Liliya Khalitovna , Khalilova Yuliya A. , Yalalov Marsel G. , Tagirov Artur R , Salikhov Shamil M , Minnibaeva El'za M , Valeev Farid Abdullovich
Published: January 2025

Based on the hemiketal obtained by the carbonyl eneketalization of the Diels-Alder adduct of levoglucosenone and isoprene with acetaldehyde, two methods have been suggested for incorporating the carboxy group of loganin at the pyran ring. The first method involved one-pot conversion employing ozonolytic cleavage of the double bond, ozonide reduction, in situ aldehyde oxidation and esterification. An alternative five-step sequential conversion of the ketal, with isolation and identification of intermediate compounds, involved ketalization, Wagner vic-hydroxylation of the double bond, periodate cleavage of diols, in situ oxidation of the aldehyde to an acid, and esterification.
Non-catalytic alkylation of the 2-positioned methyl group in 3-acyl-2-methylindoles
Authors: Lysenko Ekaterina A , Suzdalev Konstantin F , Krachkovskaya Alina V , Galenko-Yaroshevsky Pavel A , Uvarov Aleksandr V
Published: January 2025

Non-catalytic alkylation of 3-acyl-2-methylindoles upon the deprotonation with lithium diisopropylamide occurs at the 2-positioned methyl group. With the use of methyl iodide (dimethyl sulfate) or benzyl chloride, the reaction affords 3-acyl-2-ethylindoles or 3-acyl-2-(2-phenylethyl)indoles, respectively, with isolated yields up to 90
Synthesis of 3,4-diarylisoxazoline N-oxides from nitrostilbenes and nitroacetates
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikita A. , Bogomolova Olga A. , Koblov Ivan A. , Samet Alexander V. , Semenov Victor Vladimirovich
Published: January 2025

A base-catalyzed reaction of nitrostilbenes with alkyl nitroacetates proceeds regioselectively to afford 3,4-diarylisoxazoline N-oxides as sole or major products. In some cases small amounts of 4,5-diarylisoxazoline N-oxides were formed as side products.
Palladium-catalyzed amination in the synthesis of novel fluorescent sensors based on 3,3'-diamino substituted 1,1'-bi(2-naphthol)
Authors: Zazerin Kirill S , Yakushev Alexei A , Averin Alexei Dmitrievich , Beletskaya Irina Petrovna
Published: January 2025

The first example of palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination of 3,3'-dibromo-1,1'-bi(2-naphthol) is reported. Linear and macrocyclic derivatives of N,N'-disubstituted 3,3'-diamino-1,1'-bi(2-naphthols) thus obtained are able to detect metal cations when using UV and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Bağdat Valisi Kölemen Süleyman Paşa’nın Eşi Adile Hatun’un Yönetimdeki Rolü ve İdareye Etkisi.
Authors: Çelikdemir Murat , Lütfioğlu Avni Ömer
Published: January 2025

Iraklı tarihçi, İmad Abdüsselam Rauf’a göre Adile Hatun, h.1145/m. 1732 tarihinde 15 yaşında evlenmiştir. Bu bilgiye göre Adile Hatun, h.1130/m. 1717 tarihinde Bağdat’ta doğmuştur. Adile Hatun’un babası Bağdat Valisi Ahmet Paşa (1724- 1747 arası iki devre 22 yıl), bilgili, kültürlü, ilim sever ve ulemayla yakın ilişki içinde olduğundan Adile Hatun da bu ilmi ve kültürel ortamda yetişmiştir. Adile Hatun’un cami, medrese, kütüphane vb. hayri ve eğitim müesseseleri inşa ettirmesi, talebelere kurduğu vakıflar aracılığıyla destek olması bu durumu kanıtlamaktadır. Adile Hatun’un eşi Süleyman Paşa ise geceleyin başarılı askeri baskınlar yapabilme yeteneğinden dolayı Ebu leyle (gece baskıncısı), Aslan gibi lakaplarla tanınmış ve 1750-1762 yılları arası Bağdat valiliği görevini üstlenmiştir. Süleyman Paşa, yaklaşık 22 yıl Bağdat valiliği yapan Ahmet Paşa’nın yetiştirdiği azatlı kölesi ve aynı zamanda kızı Adile Hatun’la evlenmesinden dolayı da damadıdır. Böyle bir konumda olan Adile Hatun, Bağdat’ta etkili bir kişi olmuştur. Ancak özellikle yabancı kaynaklar kendisini zalim, kindar ve bazı şahsiyetlerden intikam almak için onları öldürttüğünü yazmaktadır. Bu gibi konuları kocası Süleyman Paşa’ya empoze ettiği ve alternatif bir idare kurduğu da söylenmektedir. Böylece hem kendisi yerilmektedir; hem de Süleyman Paşa tenkit edilmektedir. Bu makalede, Adile Hatun’un konumu ve idareye müdahalesi konusu araştırılmış ve analiz süzgecinden geçirilmiştir.
Omówienie prac nad implementacją dyrektywy 2014/104/UE w Polsce, Hiszpanii i Wielkiej Brytanii
Authors: Sadurski Jacek
Published: January 2025

Artykuł prezentuje wybrane zagadnienia związane z implementacją Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/104/UE z 26 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie niektórych przepisów regulujących dochodzenie roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu naruszenia prawa konkurencji państw członkowskich i Unii Europejskiej, objęte przepisami prawa krajowego. Autor podejmuje próbę zwięzłego opisu rozwiązań przyjętych przez ustawodawców Polski, Hiszpanii oraz Wielkiej Brytanii w zakresie implementacji przepisów do krajowych porządków prawnych. Wskazuje na pewne propozycje legislacyjne, które mogłyby być wzięte pod uwagę przy pracach nad ostatecznym kształtem projektu ustawy polskiej.
Simulation Study on the Azimuthal Evolution of Electrons from High-altitude Nuclear Explosions
Authors: LUO ZheKai , SUN Qiang , XIE Lun , PU ZuYin , ZONG QiuGang , LIU Ying , ZHOU QianHong , FU SuiYan ,   School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,   Institute Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
Published: January 2025

High-altitude nuclear explosions can inject large amounts of relativistic electrons into the inner magnetosphere, resulting in the formation of artificial radiation belts. These high-energy electrons pose a potential threat to spacecraft due to their long-term stability and influence on space weather. The investigation of the formation and evolution of artificial radiation belts is of great significance for the safety of spacecraft and human space activities. In this study, the comprehensive inner magnetosphere-ionosphere(CIMI) model is used to simulate the transition of electrons from a locally concentrated distribution to an azimuthally uniform distribution, which reveals the spiral encircling, azimuthal expansion, and diffusion behaviors exhibited by the electron cloud during the formation of artificial radiation belts. The CIMI model is a four-dimensional model based on the Fokker-Planck equation. It simulates the evolution of particles across four degrees of freedom: radial, azimuthal, energy, and equatorial pitch angle. Unlike previous studies that mainly focus on the long-term evolution of artificial radiation belts already reaching azimuthal uniformity, this work specifically ascertains the azimuthal evolution process of the injected electrons and how they form the artificial radiation belts. Numerical simulations are conducted on the captured nuclear explosion electrons initially concentrated at \begin{document}$L=1.1\sim2.2 $\end{document} and covering approximately one time zone azimuthally. The results show that the injected electrons primarily evolve into an azimuthally uniform distribution through a spiral encircling process, with diffusion playing a smaller role. In this process, the electrons undergo eastward drift, and those at higher altitudes exhibit faster drift velocities. The velocity shear leads to the formation of a helical structure around the Earth. Additionally, the formation of this spiral structure is accompanied by azimuthal expansion, driven mainly by energy and pitch angle dispersion during the drift. Electrons with different energy values and equatorial pitch angles exhibit varying drift speeds, contributing to the azimuthal expansion of electron clusters during the drift. The expansion process can fill the gaps in the helical structure. Ultimately, the electron distribution achieves azimuthal uniformity through energy-pitch angle diffusion.
Discriminating neural ensemble patterns through dendritic computations in randomly connected feedforward networks
Authors: Somashekar Bhanu Priya , Bhalla Upinder Singh
Published: January 2025

Co-active or temporally ordered neural ensembles are a signature of salient sensory, motor, and cognitive events. Local convergence of such patterned activity as synaptic clusters on dendrites could help single neurons harness the potential of dendritic nonlinearities to decode neural activity patterns. We combined theory and simulations to assess the likelihood of whether projections from neural ensembles could converge onto synaptic clusters even in networks with random connectivity. Using rat hippocampal and cortical network statistics, we show that clustered convergence of axons from three to four different co-active ensembles is likely even in randomly connected networks, leading to representation of arbitrary input combinations in at least 10 target neurons in a 100,000 population. In the presence of larger ensembles, spatiotemporally ordered convergence of three to five axons from temporally ordered ensembles is also likely. These active clusters result in higher neuronal activation in the presence of strong dendritic nonlinearities and low background activity. We mathematically and computationally demonstrate a tight interplay between network connectivity, spatiotemporal scales of subcellular electrical and chemical mechanisms, dendritic nonlinearities, and uncorrelated background activity. We suggest that dendritic clustered and sequence computation is pervasive, but its expression as somatic selectivity requires confluence of physiology, background activity, and connectomics.
A Deep Learning Pipeline for Mapping in situ Network-level Neurovascular Coupling in Multi-photon Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Rozak Matthew , Mester James , Attarpour Ahmadreza , Dorr Adrienne , Patel Shruti , Koletar Margaret , Hill Mary , McLaurin JoAnne , Goubran Maged , Stefanovic Bojana
Published: January 2025

Functional hyperaemia is a well-established hallmark of healthy brain function, whereby local brain blood flow adjusts in response to a change in the activity of the surrounding neurons. Although functional hyperemia has been extensively studied at the level of both tissue and individual vessels, vascular network-level coordination remains largely unknown. To bridge this gap, we developed a deep learning-based computational pipeline that uses two-photon fluorescence microscopy images of cerebral microcirculation to enable automated reconstruction and quantification of the geometric changes across the microvascular network, comprising hundreds of interconnected blood vessels, pre and post-activation of the neighbouring neurons. The pipeline’s utility was demonstrated in the Thy1-ChR2 optogenetic mouse model, where we observed network-wide vessel radius changes to depend on the photostimulation intensity, with both dilations and constrictions occurring across the cortical depth, at an average of 16.1±14.3 μm (mean±stddev) away from the most proximal neuron for dilations; and at 21.9±14.6 μm away for constrictions. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the vascular radius changes within vessels, with radius adjustment varying by an average of 24 ± 28% of the resting diameter, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the distribution of contractile cells on the vessel walls. A graph theory-based network analysis revealed that the assortativity of adjacent blood vessel responses rose by 152 ± 65% at 4.3 mW/mm
2
of blue photostimulation
vs
. the control, with a 4% median increase in the efficiency of the capillary networks during this level of blue photostimulation in relation to the baseline. Interrogating individual vessels is thus not sufficient to predict how the blood flow is modulated in the network. Our computational pipeline, to be made openly available, enables tracking of the microvascular network geometry over time, relating caliber adjustments to vessel wall-associated cells’ state, and mapping network-level flow distribution impairments in experimental models of disease.
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver on Mimicking Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Panigrahi Ranjita , Singh Ajit Kumar , Bhuyan Arlene , Mishra Amaresh , Sahu Subrat Kumar
Published: January 2025

Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms (MCNs) of the liver are rare cystic tumours, accounting for less than 5% of all liver cysts. They usually arise in the liver parenchyma and less frequently in the extrahepatic bile duct. Women in their 5th and 6th decades are predominantly affected. Various liver cystic lesions, such as hydatid cysts, simple cysts and endometriotic cysts, can mimic this rare entity radiologically. The present case involved a 38-year-old female who was admitted with chief complaints of skin rash, swelling in the face and feet, pain in all limbs, and abdominal distension for six months. She experienced significant weight loss and was unable to perform daily activities. Ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen showed a well-defined multiloculated cyst in segment IV of the liver, which was further confirmed by a Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery based on the radiological diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Histopathological (HP) study of the cyst wall revealed a diagnosis of MCN, which was further confirmed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The postoperative period remained uneventful. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice over conservative management and partial excision, as it has low recurrence rates and a good survival rate. Due to its rare presentation and the varied number of radiological differential diagnosis, it often leads to delayed or misdiagnosis. Authors hereby report the present case along with a brief review of the literature to increase radiological and clinical awareness, which is essential to keep MCN as a differential diagnosis during the initial evaluation of any cystic lesion of the liver.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Secondary to Thrombophilic Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Malik Satbir Kaur , Giduturi Vineetha Naga Lakshmi , Nimmala Sindhuri Goud , Gokhale Vijayashree
Published: January 2025

Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a prevalent nutritional deficiency and a common haematological disorder characterised by low iron levels, which lead to reduced haemoglobin production, fatigue, pallor and diminished oxygen delivery. IDA increases the risk of venous thromboembolism by causing thrombocytosis, venous stasis and hypercoagulability. Although iron deficiency is a rare risk factor, recognising it as a significant risk factor can help prevent pulmonary thromboembolism if detected early and treated. The most common inherited thrombophilias—such as Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation and deficiencies in protein C, protein S and antithrombin III—are a group of genetic conditions that predispose individuals to thrombotic events by influencing various factors involved in the coagulation cascade. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition that is part of venous thromboembolism disorders and represents the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease, following heart attacks and strokes. Authors hereby, report a rare and complicated case involving a 44-year-old male patient who experienced Pulmonary Embolism (PE), DVT, IDA and underlying abnormalities in two key anticoagulant proteins: Protein C and Protein S. Anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin was initiated to treat the PE and DVT. Based on the patient’s thrombophilia profile, a newer oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban, was prescribed as a long-term anticoagulant.
Dissemination of Carbapenemases in Gram-negative Bacteria in Brazilian Hospitals: A Review
Authors: Rangel Rafaela Linhares Ponte , Brito Izabelly Linhares Ponte , Linhares Amanda Barbosa , Neto Antonio Osmundo de Vascelos , Sousa Claudio Roberto Ferreira de , Arcanjo Ana Kelvia Araújo , Ponte Maria Gabriela Linhares , Barbosa Francisco Cesar Barroso
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with carbapenemase activity is a growing public health problem of global proportions. This integrative review synthesizes data from 26 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2024 to analyze the dissemination and genetic diversity of carbapenemases in Brazil. Data were retrieved from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and the regional portal of the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The review highlights significant regional variability in carbapenemase prevalence, with the blaKPC gene being the most frequently identified resistance mechanism across multiple Brazilian states. The identification of novel trends, including the simultaneous presence of blaNDM and blaKPC genes in isolates of Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens, in addition to the observation of blaNDM in Klebsiella aerogenes, highlights the intricate nature of antimicrobial resistance patterns. The state of Pernambuco is notable for reporting the first identification of blaVIM-2 in Acinetobacter baumannii and the blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-143 genes. These findings emphasize the widespread cohabitation of resistance genes, with mobile genetic elements facilitating intra- and interspecies transfer among Gram-negative bacilli. Understanding this genetic diversity is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions. The study underscores the urgent need for enhanced genomic surveillance, robust infection prevention measures, and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the growing threat of multidrug-resistant organisms in Brazil and mitigate their impact on global health.
Comparative Analysis of Autologous Scaffold Formation Protocols in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Magalhães-Saldanha Júlia , Silva-Filho José Evando da , Pascoal Samuel Chillavert Dias , Carvalho Francisco Samuel Rodrigues , Kishen Anil , Gomes Fábio de Almeida , Gurgel-Filho Eduardo Diogo
Published: January 2025

Aims: To evaluate the protocols of autogenous scaffold formation in regenerative endodontic therapy, with a focus on their efficacy in functional recovery, continued root development, and periapical healing in necrotic permanent teeth with incomplete root formation, while also assessing the increase in root length, root thickness, and reduction of the apical foramen.
Study Design: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the performance of various protocols for autogenous scaffold formation.
Place and Duration of Study: The review was conducted using the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and LILACS databases, covering articles published until June 2024.
Methodology: The research question was developed using the PICOT framework. Inclusion criteria focused on randomized clinical trials with a minimum six-month follow-up, protocols employing autogenous scaffolds, and control groups with at least ten participants. Paired and independent searches with no filters applied were performed using the registered Medical Subject Headings "(Regenerative Endodontics) AND (Endodontics) AND (Calcium Hydroxide) AND (Platelet-Rich Fibrin) AND (Blood Coagulation) AND (Tooth Injuries) AND (Dental Pulp) AND (Dental Pulp Diseases)” and its related entry terms, covering articles relevant to the study's theme with no language or time restrictions. From an initial pool of 3.321 articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, and five were included in the meta-analysis.
Results: Experimental scaffolds (e.g., Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet Rich Fibrin) showed statistically significant improvements in Root Length Increase compared to blood clots (P = 0.0006). Blood clots outperformed in Apical Foramen Reduction (P < 0.00001), while Root Thickness Increase results were equivalent across groups. High heterogeneity among studies was observed.
Conclusion: Both traditional blood clots and experimental autogenous scaffolds showed efficacy in regenerative endodontics. While Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet Rich Fibrin demonstrated better outcomes in root lengthening, blood clots provided superior apical healing.
Archaeological background
Authors: Martin Cook  , Rob Engl
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
The excavation
Authors: Rob Engl  , Martin Cook
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
Appendices
Authors: Rachel Ives  , Alexandra Johnson  , George R Haggarty  , Derek W Hall  , Jackaline Robertson  , Dennis Gallagher  , Hugh Willmott  , Dawn McLaren  , Penelope Walton Rogers  , Anne Crone  , Mike Roy
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
Historical background
Authors: Thomas Bradley-Lovekin
Published: January 2025

In 2013 excavation works were undertaken at the location of the former Canongate Charity Poorhouse (or workhouse) on the New Waverley development site, at the junction of Calton Road and Old Tolbooth Wynd, Canongate, Edinburgh. The excavation revealed development of the site from the initial cultivation of the ‘backlands’ in the 12th/13th centuries to the construction of the Poorhouse in 1761.
A sequence of buried garden soils/middens relating to pre-18th-century activity was recorded, in addition to the remains of a single burgage plot boundary and associated rig and furrow deposits. Substantial structural features related to the 18th-century Poorhouse were revealed, including sandstone walls with wooden plank and pinion foundation rafting. Seven burials of probable late 17th-/early 18th-century date associated with the Canongate Kirk were recorded along the site’s southern boundary (an eighth had been encountered in 1997).
A rich artefact and ecofact assemblage was recovered from the soils and midden deposits, including imported fine glassware. The ceramic assemblage included Scottish White Gritty Ware (SWGW), Scottish Post-medieval Reduced Ware (SPMRW) and Scottish Post-medieval Oxidised Ware (SPMOW), together with high-status imported material such as a Spanish gaming piece and a rare German stove tile.
Consumption patterns revealed by the artefact evidence appear to reflect the high status of the Canongate’s inhabitants prior to the greater development of the site during the 18th century. The creation of the Poorhouse stands in stark contrast to this, revealing the changing fortunes of this part of post-medieval Edinburgh.
Simultaneous Catalytic Acceleration of White Phosphorus Polymerization and Red Phosphorus Potassiation for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Hai , He Fuxiang , Liu Fanfan , Sun Zhefei , Shao Yu , He Lixin , Zhang Qiaobao , Yu Yan
Published: October 2023

Red phosphorus (P) as an anode material of potassium‐ion batteries possesses ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity (1154 mAh g−1). However, owing to residual white P during the preparation and sluggish kinetics of K‐P alloying limit its practical application. Seeking an efficient catalyst to address the above problems is crucial for the secure preparation of red P anode with high performance. Herein, through the analysis of the activation energies in white P polymerization, it is revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital energy of I2 (−7.40 eV) is in proximity to P4 (−7.25 eV), and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of I2 molecule (−4.20 eV) is lower than that of other common non‐metallic molecules (N2, S8, Se8, F2, Cl2, Br2). The introduction of I2 can thus promote the breaking of the P─P bond and accelerate the polymerization of white P molecules. Besides, the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that I2 can enhance the kinetics of P‐K alloying. The as‐obtained red P/C composites with I2 deliver excellent cycling stability (358 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles at 1 A g−1). This study establishes catalysis as a promising pathway to tackle the challenges of P anode for alkali metal ion batteries.
Depressive symptoms and hippocampal volume in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Langella Stephanie , Lopera Francisco , Baena Ana , Fox‐Fuller Joshua T. , Munera Diana , Martinez Jairo E. , Giudicessi Averi , Vannini Patrizia , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Marshall Gad A. , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Gatchel Jennifer R.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Depressive symptoms are among early behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the relationship between neurodegeneration and depressive symptoms remains inconclusive. To better understand this relationship in preclinical AD, we examined hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired carriers of the presenilin‐1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation for autosomal dominant AD.

METHODS

A total of 27 PSEN1 mutation carriers and 26 non‐carrier family members were included. Linear regression was used to test the relationship between hippocampal volume and 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale.

RESULTS

Carriers and non‐carriers did not differ in depressive symptoms or hippocampal volume. Within carriers, lower hippocampal volume was associated with greater depressive symptoms, which remained significant after adjusting for age and cognition. This relationship was not significant in non‐carriers.

DISCUSSION

Hippocampal neurodegeneration may underlie depressive symptoms in preclinical autosomal dominant AD. These findings provide support for the utility of targeting depressive symptoms in AD prevention.

Highlights

We compared unimpaired autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD) mutation carriers and non‐carriers.

Carriers and non‐carriers did not differ in severity of depressive symptoms.

In carriers, hippocampal volume was inversely associated with depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms may be a useful target in AD prevention.
Solution‐State 2D NMR Spectroscopy of Mixtures HyperpolarizedUsing Optically Polarized Crystals
Authors: Parker Anna J. , Dey Arnab , Usman Qureshi Mohammad , Steiner Jakob M. , Blanchard John W. , Scheuer Jochen , Tomek Nikolas , Knecht Stephan , Josten Felix , Müller Christoph , Hautle Patrick , Schwartz Ilai , Giraudeau Patrick , Eichhorn Tim R. , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas
Published: October 2023

The HYPNOESYS method (Hyperpolarized NOE System), which relies on the dissolution of optically polarized crystals, has recently emerged as a promising approach to enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy in the solution state. However, HYPNOESYS is a single‐shot method that is not generally compatible with multidimensional NMR. Here we show that 2D NMR spectra can be obtained from HYPNOESYS‐polarized samples, using single‐scan acquisition methods. The approach is illustrated with a mixture of terpene molecules and a benchtop NMR spectrometer, paving the way to a sensitive, information‐rich and affordable analytical method.
Shedding light on the poly(5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene) microstructural differences: Skeleton rearrangements during polymerization
Authors: Omidvar Mojtaba , Mansouri Samira , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Ahmadjo Saeid
Published: October 2023

Here, an attempt is made to study one of the less noticed aspects of the polymerization of 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) by nickel α‐diimine catalysts. Therefore, several (co)polymerization runs using MMAO‐activated binuclear catalyst (BNC) and mononuclear catalyst (MNC) were undertaken. Catalyst activities as high as 561.1 and 925.0 (kgpol mol−1Ni h−1) were observed for ENB polymerization by MNC and BNC, respectively. However, the utilization of comonomer (norbornene [NB]) led to a dramatic decline in the catalyst activities, reaching low levels of 69.4 and 144.4 (kgpol mol−1Ni h−1), respectively. Structural characterization (NMR and FTIR) corroborated the occurrence of ring opening via β‐C elimination and the subsequent β‐H elimination. Additionally, tandem transannular polymerization and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of ENB were evidenced. The findings demonstrated that the transannular polymerization prevailed during the polymerization, albeit the MNC catalyst showed a higher contribution of ring opening via β‐C elimination. Importantly, comonomer (NB) was displayed to alter the governing polymerization mechanism. According to DMTA analysis, the structures of the monomer and catalyst were found to significantly influence the polymer damping behavior and microstructure heterogeneity. That is, the NB‐ENB copolymer obtained by MNC exhibited the lowest Tg value and highest tan δ along with the diminished microstructure heterogeneity.
Advances in nanoprobes‐based immunoassays
Authors: Zhang Lusi , Huang Bin , Jin Jing , Li Yan , Gu Ning
Published: October 2023

Immunoassay is a powerful technique that uses highly specific antigen‐antibody interactions to detect biochemical targets such as proteins and toxins. As a diagnostic tool, immunoassay is employed in the screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases, which are crucial for the grasp and control of patient conditions in clinical practice. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, immunoassays based on nanoprobes have attracted more and more attention due to the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, stability, and versatility. These nanoprobes are nanoscale particles that can act as signal carriers or targeting agents for immunoassays. In this paper, we review the recent advances in various types of nanoprobes for immunoassays, such as colloidal gold, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, nanozymes, aggregation‐induced emission, and up‐conversion nanoparticles. The effect of the nanoprobe construction and synthesis methods on their detection performance deserves to be studied in depth. We also compare their detection ranges and limits in different immunoassay methods, such as lateral flow immunoassays, fluorescent immunoassays, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering immunoassays. Moreover, we discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoprobes in immunoassays and provide insights into their future development. This study aims to offer a comprehensive and critical perspective on the role of nanoprobes in the field of immunoassays.