bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Did Circulating Tumor Cells Tell us all they Could? The Missed Circulating Tumor Cell Message in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fina Emanuela , Reduzzi Carolina , Motta Rosita , Di Cosimo Serena , Bianchi Giulia , Martinetti Antonia , Wechsler Janine , Cappelletti Vera , Daidone Maria G.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

To compare circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection rates in patients with early (M0) and metastatic (M+) breast cancer using 2 positive-selection methods or size-based unbiased enrichment.

Methods

Blood collected at baseline and at different times during treatment from M0 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and from M+ women starting a new line of treatment was processed in parallel using AdnaTest EMT-1/ and EMT-2/Stem CellSelect/Detect kits or ScreenCell Cyto devices. CTC positivity was defined according to the suggested cutoffs and cytological parameters, respectively.

Results

Higher CTC detection rates were obtained with the AdnaTest approach when using for CTC-enrichment antibodies against ERBB2 and EGFR in addition to MUC1 and the classical epithelial surface marker EPCAM (13% vs. 48%). In M0 patients mainly, CTC positivity rates further increased when EMT- and stemness-related marker expression (PIK3CA, AKT2 and ALDH1) was evaluated in addition to EPCAM, MUC1 and ERBB2. When the physical properties of tumor cells were exploited, CTCs were detected at higher percentages than with positive-selection-based methods, without any difference between clinical stages (78% in M0 vs. 72% in M+ cases at baseline). Circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) were detected in addition to single CTCs with significantly higher frequency in M0 than M+ samples (78% vs. 27%, p = 0.0002).

Conclusions

Different approaches for CTC detection probably identify distinct tumor cell subpopulations, but need technical standardization before their clinical validity and biological specificity may be adequately investigated. The distinct role of CTMs compared with CTCs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers represents a further challenge.
Knowledge of the Anomalies of the Big Central Veins Reduces the Morbidity during the Cannulation for Hemodialysis: Description of a Case of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Revision of Literature
Authors: Dionisio P. , Borsetti C. , Valenti M. , Caramello E. , Bergia R. , Berto I.M. , Cravero R. , Agostini B. , Schillaci E. , Chiappini N. , Tommiselli A. , Bajardi P.
Published: September 2015

The persistence of a left superior vena cava is the result of a lack of an embryological involution of the left anterior cardinal vein. This anomaly is very rare: about 0.3% of the general population. Its incidence increases remarkably from 3–10% in those patients affected with congenital heart disease. Described herein is a case of persistent left superior vena cava, discovered by chance, following the placement of a central venous catheter for hemodialysis. A chest X-ray in projection back-forward showed the central venous catheter along the left sternal margin simulating a placement in the aorta artery. This clinical picture, as described in the literature, is often accompanied by other anatomical anomalies, in our case, by the congenital agenesis of a solitary pelvic kidney. In agreement with the literature and in contrast with what has been reported recently, we sustain that a central venous catheter placed, for any reason, in the persistent left superior vena cava must be removed immediately because it can induce hyperkinetic arrhythmia and cardiac arrest as in our case. Our case report should be a warning that lack of awareness of the anomalies of the big central veins can cause a rise in morbidity.
Simple Surgical Method for a Native Arteriovenous Fistula of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients and the Patency Rate
Authors: Tsuchida Kenji , Nagai Kojiro , Yokota Narushi , Okada Daigo , Muromiya Yasuhito , Suenaga Takehiro , Ueda Yuka , Kawahara Kana , Kanayama Hiro-omi , Minakuchi Jun
Published: September 2015

Background/Aim

The maintenance and control of vascular access in chronic hemodialysis patients are causing serious problems not only in the quality of life of patients but also in the medical economy. In this regard, we investigated the cumulative patency rate of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as a vascular access.

Methods

Simple surgical method for a native AVF is selected. The cumulative patency rate of AVF was compared for each parameter. More particularly, the patency rate in the AVF was investigated by primary disease, age at the time of operation, gender, condition, and site. Furthermore, the influence of factors, including primary disease, gender, age at the time of operation (1 year old), and dialysis period (1 year) on the patency rate, was investigated using Cox's proportional hazard model.

Results

The patency rate of AVF was 85.6, 75.0, 67.5, 52.2% for 12, 36, 60, 120 months, respectively. When the patency rate was investigated by factor, the rate was significantly higher in the males than females. When the influence of risk factors on the patency rate was investigated, the significant and independent risk factors in all the cases were ‘female’ sex.

Conclusions

The AVF is considered as the vascular access with the highest patency rate in the chronic hemodialysis patients. However, the factor influencing this rate is gender. In conclusion, female has a higher risk than male.
How to Monitor Vascular Access in Our Hospital
Authors: Ogawa Tomonari , Matsuda Akihiko , Kanayama Yuki , Sasaki Yusuke , Harada Etsuko , Tanabe Atsuko , Yasuda Kunihiko , Okada Yoshimi , Sano Tatsuro , Kiba Tota , Shimizu Taisuke , Tayama Yosuke , Hasegawa Hajime
Published: September 2015

Background

The number of dialysis patients in Japan has amounted to approximately 310,000. Most of the patients undergo hemodialysis. The reason why they can undergo hemodialysis is because maintaining and managing vascular access (VA) has improved. Recently, thanks to the progress of medical equipment, a variety of monitoring systems have been developed. It is important to make good use of these monitoring systems.

Results

In our hospital, we have been monitoring with an ultrasonic device and HD02. We measure blood flow of brachial artery with an ultrasonic device during nondialysis treatment. We examine real blood flow and blood recirculation with HD02 and evaluate the function of VA during dialysis.

Conclusions

In order to provide good dialysis care, good use of monitoring devices of VA is significant.
Practice of Peritoneal Dialysis Access Education using the New Hybrid Simulator in Japan
Authors: Fukasawa Mizuya
Published: September 2015

Introduction

To promote the increase in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Japan, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Access started offering workshops on peritoneal access (PA) preparation procedures for doctors with less experience. Since the transfer of technology used in surgical procedures is difficult in small communities such as individual hospitals, a specialist group such as a society should take the initiative and fulfill this responsibility.

Methods

Here we used a hybrid simulator developed by Terumo Medical Pranex that uses the abdominal wall of an edible pig (a lump from the peritoneum to skin) and a mannequin. Since the structure of the porcine abdominal wall is similar to that of humans, the PA procedure can be simulated in this actual procedure. With three-dimensional reproduction of the Douglas pouch and other features of the pelvis using human computed tomography images, we created a system in which even drainage is possible if the catheter is well placed.

Results

Using this simulator, students were able to experience the PA access preparation procedure 2-4 times and easily observed the catheter position after insertion by peeling the abdominal wall from the mannequin.

Conclusions

In the future, by leveraging the advantages of the hybrid simulator, we aim to promote the training of medical staff interested in PD health care and increase the number of patients able to benefit from the many advantages of PD.
Practice and Education of the Vascular Access
Authors: Kukita Kazutaka
Published: September 2015

Introduction

The Japanese Society for Dialysis Access (JSDA) has held the practical skills trainings for the doctors working for the vascular access (VA) access since 2014 in order to improve both quality and quantity of the VA construction. Terumo Medical Pranex (Kanagawa, Japan) is the institution of the general medical training established for the creation and the spread of medical technique, and it also has the hybrid simulator of VA.

Methods and results

In the training institute in 2014, not only the practical skills but also the training on the simulator from the basic lecture of VA construction were conducted. The dummy of a radical artery and a cephalic vein is faked in the forearm on the simulator. Two carotid arteries of a pig are made as the position of a pair of artery and vein. The pig's skin taken from the neck to the chest is covered on the proceed part, then the dummy forearm was completed. We can make recognize the beats in the artery. We also can make a fake avf in the dummy forearm instead. The instructor is directly able to give the trainees the lectures while watching the scenes. jsda will continue to make such efforts from now.

Conclusions

We are concerned that the more the VA access would be demanded, the more the VA construction would be needed. So, the matter of the urgency is the training of the doctors working for VA construction.
Vascular Access Infection: Survival or Mortality
Authors: Hirotani Sachiko , Kai Kotaro , Iwatoh Kazuhiro , Sannomiya Akihito , Nakajima Ichiro , Fuchinoue Shohei
Published: September 2015

Methods

We conducted an analysis on 11 cases of death after AVG infection that occurred between 1996 and 2013, and compared their information with those of 23 cases of generalized infection due to arteriovenous graft (AVG) infection during the same period who survived.

Results

The cause of death was sepsis in all 11 patients. The initial C-reactive protein (CRP) was 10.2-39.8 (28 in average) and the duration from onset of fever to vascular access (VA) hemostasis/removal procedure was 6-9 days (6.4 days in average) in the 11 cases of death. Blood culture revealed a high frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 7 of the 11 cases of death. In contrast, in 23 survivors with VA infection and generalized infection, the CRP at the initial visit was 3.2-15.8 (5.6 in average) and the duration from onset of the fever to VA hemostasis/removal procedure was 0-5 days (2.6 days in average), and blood culture revealed a high frequency of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Among the cases of death, although VA infection in the upper extremity itself resolved after removing the artificial vessel, they died without an improvement of sepsis. The reason why the sepsis did not resolve is that infectious foci were secondarily formed in other areas than the upper extremity because the start of treatment for VA infection was delayed.

Conclusions

Treatment for VA infection should be started as early as possible after onset to avoid the formation of secondary infectious foci in other areas.
Superficialization of Segmentally Matured Brachial Vein Complex as the Last Possible Native, Upper arm Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
Authors: Przywara Stanisław , Iłżecki Marek , Terlecki Piotr , Zubilewicz Tomasz
Published: September 2015

Purpose

We present a case report on superficialization of the segmentally matured brachial vein complex as the last possible native vascular access for hemodialysis in the upper arm.

Methods

A 57-year-old, female patient was hemodialysed for 14 years. Due to multiple failures of her previous forearm and upper arm vascular access for hemodialysis, the last attempt at the creation of upper arm native vascular access was planned in terms of the formation of a two-stage autogenous brachial-brachial arterio-venous fistula (ABBA). The second stage exposure of the brachial vein – 4 weeks after anastomosis with the brachial artery showed an unusual intraoperative situation. Segmental maturation of both brachial veins, connected by a bridging vein was encountered. Both the mature segments of the brachial veins, connected by the bridging vein were elevated/superficialized into a subcutaneous bed. Immature parts of brachial veins were left near their anatomical position.

Results

Superficialized venous conduit was easily accessible and provided adequate parameters of uncomplicated hemodialysis for 6 months. In month 7, thrombosis of the fistula caused by an embolus due to an atrial fibrillation episode required thrombo-embolectomy. The fistula is still in use 13 months after its creation.

Conclusions

Our technique is feasible in cases of unusual, segmental maturation of both brachial veins during two-stage ABBA formation. Selective superficialization of matured segments only may provide suitable access for hemodialysis. Vascular access surgeons should be aware of possible anatomical variations and be prepared to perform unusual access configurations as dictated by the local anatomy.
Evaluation of Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Screening using Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Tabuchi Keiji , Kobayashi Toshio , Kumagai Junko , Takahashi Naoko
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Well-functioning vascular access is important in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess stenosis using color Doppler ultrasonography as well as to investigate a possible association between the need for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and hemodynamic parameters.

Methods

A prospective study of the medical records of color Doppler ultrasonography routine examinations of 372 patients was conducted at a dialysis satellite clinic in Japan. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curve. The cutoff point for hemodynamic parameters was determined to explore the predictors of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Results

Logistic regression analysis showed that brachial artery flow volume, brachial artery resistance index and puncture point flow volume divided by the quantity of dialysis blood flow rate were independently associated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Brachial artery resistance index over 0.61, brachial artery blood flow volume under 665 mL/min and puncture point flow volume divided by dialysis blood flow rates under 1.25 were predictive values of the need for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Conclusions

These parameters could be used as markers for assessing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty risk in hemodialysis patients.
A Comparative Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane PICCs
Authors: Poli Paolo , Scocca Antonella , Di Puccio Francesca , Gallone Giuseppe , Angelini Lorenza , Calabrò Emanuele Maria
Published: September 2015

Purpose

This study describes a comparative analysis of eight commercial polyurethane, single-lumen peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) from different vendors. The aim was to investigate the mechanical response of the catheters providing objective and quantitative data to support a comparison among them. Such data could help nurses and physicians to select a central venous catheter (CVC) not only on the basis of the expected dwell duration or of the assessment of the vessels at the desired insertion site but also of the chemical and mechanical properties of the CVC and of the projected response of the body to these properties.

Methods

An experimental procedure was defined and tests were performed to assess some main characteristics of the PICC lines, including macro and microgeometric features, chemical and physical properties, and mechanical response. Preliminary measurements were performed to accurately define all geometric characteristics, including length, inner and outer diameters, and any inherent initial curvature of the catheter. Micro-geometric features were investigated using surface roughness analysis, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were studied by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, simple uniaxial tensile tests, and kinking tests.

Results

Results are discussed in order to compare the different PICC lines. In particular, they show that polyurethane catheters can have a different mechanical behavior, which might play a role in the onset of pathologic processes and result in an increased risk and incidence of catheter-related complications.

Conclusions

This study provides useful information that can help identifying and facilitate the choice of a PICC.
Standard Procedures of Endovascular Treatment for Vascular Access Stenosis in our Facility – Clinical Usefulness of Ultrasonography
Authors: Sato Takashi , Tsuboi Masato , Onogi Takeshi , Miwa Naofumi , Sakurai Hiroshi , Ookubo Kentarou , Matsubara Chieko , Kasuga Hirotake
Published: September 2015

In Japan, the number of patients receiving dialysis is 314,180 at the end of 2013 and 97% are treated with hemodialysis. And the mean age of patients and the percentage of diabetes have been increasing. For this reason, preparations of a new vascular access (VA) and its long-term maintenance have become difficult. In the guidelines by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT), endovascular treatment (ET) is positioned as the first line for VA stenosis. The procedure of ET itself is very simple. The revision of Japanese health insurance set an expensive technical fee for ET in 2012. It also added a restriction by which the claims for both technical and material fees would be denied, if the treatment was performed within 3 months after a previous treatment. This makes determination of best treatment timing more important. The functional evaluation using ultrasonography (US) is a useful monitoring index for determination of the ET timing for patients with stenosis. We investigated the cumulative relative frequency of flow volume (FV) and resistant index (RI) of brachial artery in arteriovenous graft (AVG) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cases with access failures. As a result, the cut-off values of FV and RI in AVG were 480 mL/min and 0.57, and in AVF were 354 mL/min and 0.61, respectively. Therefore we determine the treatment timing based on these results. Since 2012, active monitoring using US could have decreased the number of treatment patients by 100 per year. This meant that objective evaluation by US enabled treatments at a more suitable time to promote the proper use of medical expenses for EV treatment.
The Impact of Access Blood Flow Surveillance on Reduction of Thrombosis in Native Arteriovenous Fistula: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aragoncillo Inés , Amézquita Yésika , Caldés Silvia , Abad Soraya , Vega Almudena , Cirugeda Antonio , Moratilla Cristina , Ibeas José , Roca-Tey Ramón , Fernández Cristina , Quiroga Borja , Blanco Ana , Villaverde Maite , Ruiz Caridad , Martín Belén , Ruiz Asunción M. , Ampuero Jara , López-Gómez Juan M. , de Alvaro Fernando
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The usefulness of access blood flow (QA) measurement is an ongoing controversy. Although all vascular access (VA) clinical guidelines recommend monitoring and surveillance protocols to prevent VA thrombosis, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have failed to consistently show the benefits of QA-based surveillance protocols. We present a 3-year follow-up multicenter, prospective, open-label, controlled RCT, to evaluate the usefulness of QA measurement using Doppler ultrasound (DU) and ultrasound dilution method (UDM), in a prevalent hemodialysis population with native arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Methods

Classical monitoring and surveillance methods are applied in all patients, the control group (n = 98) and the QA group (n = 98). Besides this, DU and UDM are performed in the QA group every three months. When QA is under 500 ml/min or there is a >25% decrease in QA the patient goes for fistulography, surgery or close clinical/surveillance observation. Thrombosis rate, assisted primary patency rate, primary patency rate and secondary patency rate are measured.

Results

After one-year follow-up we found a significant reduction in thrombosis rate (0.022 thrombosis/patient/year at risk in the QA group compared to 0.099 thrombosis/patient/year at risk in the control group [p = 0.030]). Assisted primary patency rate was significantly higher in the QA group than in control AVF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05-0.99; p = 0.030). In the QA group, the numbers unddergoing angioplasty and surgery were higher but with no significant difference in non-assisted primary patency rate (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.72-2.84; p = 0.293). There was a non-significant improvement in secondary patency rate in the QA group (HR 0.510, 95% CI 0.17-1.50; p = 0.207).

Conclusions

The measurement of QA combining DU and UDM shows a reduction in thrombosis rate and an increased assisted primary patency rate in AVF after one-year follow-up.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02111655.
Use of Biosynthetic Grafts (Omniflow II) for High Infection Risk Haemodialysis Vascular Access
Authors: Shakarchi Julien AI , McGrogan Damian , Yates Philip J. , Inston Nicholas
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Infective complications of patients requiring insertion of arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis remain a challenge. In particular, patients who have exhausted autologous options and have had recent infective complications relating to alternative dialysis modalities such as peritonitis or central venous catheter-associated bacteremia can pose a significant dilemma. We present a series of challenging cases that represent examples of the use of biosynthetic grafts in patients with on-going infective risks. A review of available literature for the use of the Omniflow II graft in dialysis access is included.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing the use of the Omniflow II graft for dialysis in accordance with PRISMA published up to 31st March 2014. The primary outcomes for this study were 1-year primary and secondary patency rates. Secondary outcomes were rates of infection and aneurysmal degeneration.

Results

Three cases are described that were considered at high risk of infection and all successfully managed with the Omniflow II arteriovenous graft (AVG). None showed signs of infection and all grafts were patent at three months' follow-up. On review of the literature and following strict criteria, four studies were included with a total of 236 procedures. We found that the one-year primary patency rate for Omniflow II AVGs was 60.1% (53.6-66.5) with a secondary patency rate of 82.1% (76.7-86.9). Infection rates are reported at 0% to 5.7%, with aneurysmal rates ranging between 0% and 6.8%.

Conclusions

This small series reports on the successful use of the Omniflow II graft in patients with high risk of infection and, whilst limited in its size and scientific design, it does support the limited existing literature for the potential benefits of the biosynthetic approach where concerns regarding infective complications of synthetic material exist.
Optimizing Vascular Access in the Elderly: Words we Use Affect Patient Care
Authors: Davidson Ingemar , Gallieni Maurizio
Published: September 2015

Age is commonly used as guidance in a variety of life activities having extensive influence on people's lives from social to legal aspects. Health care is no exception, where treatment is often subliminally declined as a certain age is reached, mainly for economic reasons. Humans age at different and unpredicted rates, related to the development of co-morbid conditions, most notably diabetes and cardio-vascular pathology. The way we think about age and being old greatly affects how we will choose between the treatment options. Instead, if we consider the disease or diagnosis as the treatment guide, age will be cancelled out, and become a covariant in addition to all other contributing factors in a specific patient's disease state. This thinking would help the planning and likely improve the selection of renal replacement therapy in patients with kidney failure, where therapeutic options range from no treatment to renal transplant, based on clinical conditions considering risk and outcome projections, regardless of age.
Surgical Techniques for Haemodialysis Access-Induced Distal Ischaemia
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien , Stolba Jan , Houston J. Graeme , Inston Nicholas
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia (HAIDI) is a significant complication of vascular access creation, and has traditionally been difficult to manage without loss of access. Current treatment options include ligation, banding, distal revascularisation with interval ligation (DRIL), proximalisation of the arterial inflow (PAI) and revision using distal flow (RUDI). The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of the different surgical techniques in the treatment of HAIDI.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies assessing surgical techniques in the treatment of HAIDI in accordance with PRISMA. The primary outcome for the study was symptomatic relief for each technique, defined within each study. Secondary outcomes included comparison of early thrombosis rates following each different procedure.

Results

Following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria by two reviewers, twenty-seven studies of surgical interventions were included and divided into subgroups for banding, DRIL, PAI and RUDI procedures. Both DRIL and banding procedures were found to have high rates of symptomatic relief. In addition, the DRIL has a significantly lower rate of early thrombosis than banding although the more recent papers seem to suggest that early thrombosis is less of a problem in banding. PAI and RUDI showed some promise but there were too few studies to be able to make any clear conclusions.

Conclusions

All four procedures have high success rate in relieving ischaemic symptoms with the DRIL procedure having a significantly better vascular access patency rate than other techniques, although further well designed studies are required to compare all four surgical techniques.
ANÁLISE MORFOESTRUTURAL DA BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO ÁGUA DAS ANTAS – PR
Authors: Vargas Karine Bueno , Fortes Edison , Salamuni Eduardo
Published: September 2015

A bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Água das Antas localiza-se no centro norte do estado do Paraná, tendo seu maior domínio do município de Grandes Rios, na transição do Segundo para o Terceiro Planalto Paranaense. Está modelada sobre as litoestruturas das Formações Rio do Rasto, Pirambóia, Botucatu e Serra Geral da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. No presente artigo são identificadas e interpretadas as anomalias de drenagem na referida bacia, a partir da aplicação de índices morfométricos e de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento para a confecção de anomalias da área de estudo. As anomalias de drenagem correspondem a anormalidades ou irregularidades decorrentes principalmente de processos morfoestruturais e morfotectônicos. Os índices morfométricos utilizados, como fator de assimetria da bacia, fator de simetria topográfico transversal e relação declividade-extensão, apresentaram dados satisfatórios, com a identificação de alto índice de assimetrias na bacia. Por meio da fotointerpretação foram identificados curvaturas anômalas, segmentos retilíneos, erosões ativas, zona de abandono de drenagem, drenagens radiais e sub-radiais e tendência de migração do canal, as quais são consideradas anomalias. Devido à forte assimetria do canal, a bacia do ribeirão Água das Antas foi analisada à luz de zonas morfoestruturais, geradas pelo desnivelamento de blocos de falhas, sendo possível verificar a atuação da tectônica recente que afetou a rede de drenagem.
Assemblées de Smyrne et de Philadelphie et congrégation de Satan
Authors: Painchaud Louis
Published: September 2015

Pendant près de deux millénaires, « faux-Judéens » et « synagogue de Satan » de Smyrne et de Philadelphie (Ap 2,9 ; 3,9) ont été considérés comme des « Juifs », membres des « synagogues » de ces villes, hostiles aux « chrétiens » qu’ils auraient même dénoncés auprès des autorités. Dans la deuxième moitié du xxe siècle, dans un contexte qui a suscité tout un courant de réflexion critique sur l’antisémitisme chrétien, plusieurs ont proposé de voir dans ces « Juifs » des factions hostiles à Jean au sein des assemblées auxquelles il s’adresse. L’hypothèse qui est proposée ici est de voir, dans ces Judéens accusés de blasphème et taxés d’être de faux Judéens ou des Judéens menteurs, des membres de l’ethnos Judéens souillés, aux yeux de Jean, un prophète judéen sectaire, par leur intégration dans le tissu associatif de la cité. Quant à la « congrégation de Satan » qu’ils formeraient, elle ne doit pas être entendue comme la désignation d’une communauté judéenne ayant une existence réelle dans la cité, mais comme une pure construction de Jean, prophète de Jésus le Vivant qui ne se savait pas encore chrétien, visant à démoniser non pas tous les Judéens de ces deux cités, mais certains Judéens infidèles aux commandements et, donc, à leur identité judéenne.
Les lecteurs impliqués d’Éphésiens 2,11-22 : ni citoyens d’Israël, ni citoyens de l’Empire romain, mais concitoyens des saints et membres de la maisonnée de Dieu
Authors: Hurley Robert
Published: September 2015

Éphésiens 2 décrit l’offre de salut aux nations (les païens) comme ayant été rendue possible « par le sang de Christ » (2,13) et « par la croix du Christ » (2,16). La recherche actuelle tient pour acquis que le salut des nations dépend d’une troisième condition, à savoir leur incorporation dans la cité d’Israël. Une étude des lecteurs implicites et de l’auteur implicite de la lettre mène à une conclusion différente. Ce que Dieu accomplit dans le Christ a été ordonné avant la fondation du monde et a préséance sur toute revendication juive au privilège découlant des « alliances de la promesse ». Dans le Christ, Dieu abolit la Loi et fonde une nouvelle communauté de justice et de vérité. Les saints d’Éphèse y rejoignent les saints d’ailleurs dans le monde pour s’opposer à l’esprit à l’oeuvre dans l’Empire romain et aux fils de la désobéissance qui sont ses fidèles soutiens et alliés.
Myth as Revelation
Authors: Miller Robert D.
Published: September 2015

This essay explores how myth functions as a means of revelation in Scripture. It first clarifies a definition of myth, and then discusses the appearance of myth in the Old Testament. Not only is myth found in the Bible, but its presence is of great importance. Considering the various functions of myths in general, it becomes indispensable that myth form a part of the inspired canon. Revelatory myth is essential, especially today. Finally, this essay considers how one might recapture an appreciative reception of biblical myths.
Densifier le pavillonnaire par le pavillonnaire ? Perspectives françaises sur les logiques des habitants
Authors: Morel-Brochet Annabelle , Charmes Éric
Published: September 2015

Cet article examine la réception sociale des modalités de densification de deux quartiers pavillonnaires anciens situés en France, en périphérie de Paris et d’Angers. Sur la base d’une enquête qualitative par entretiens auprès de 39 personnes, il observe les modifications du point de vue des habitants. Il montre tout d’abord que les habitants n’envisagent pas facilement de transformer leur habitation, que ce soit pour en tirer des revenus supplémentaires, accueillir un proche ou anticiper leurs vieux jours. Les changements surviennent surtout lors de mutations, au moment où l’habitation change de propriétaire. De ce point de vue, les acteurs du marché immobilier, et notamment les intermédiaires tels que les agents immobiliers, jouent un rôle-clé. Ensuite, l’article met en évidence le fait que, si les habitants des quartiers pavillonnaires sont réputés réticents face au changement, dans les contextes étudiés, la passivité règne. Plus précisément, pour eux, le règlement d’urbanisme fait loi. Ceci étant, ces règlements n’autorisent pas de transformations très importantes et tendent à devenir plus conservateurs.
Durabilité et ville diffuse dans la pensée prospective en urbanisme. L’aménagement des franges urbaines dans les projets du Grand Paris
Authors: Gey Adrien
Published: September 2015

Cet article décrit les projets d’aménagement des franges urbaines qui ont été présentés lors de la consultation internationale pour l’avenir de la métropole parisienne, en 2008-2009. Ces propositions avaient notamment pour ambition de réformer les divers types de franges grâce à l’établissement de nouvelles morphologies physiques et sociales à dimension durable. Après un rappel des diverses typologies de franges urbaines dans la ville diffuse européenne, l’article présente les projets des équipes ainsi que la définition de la durabilité qui les sous-tend.
L’urbanisation profuse saisie par la longue durée. Le cas de la Bretagne
Authors: Le Couédic Daniel , Prigent Lionel
Published: September 2015

L’acculturation en France du concept américain d’urban sprawladvint tardivement, au terme d’un cheminement cahoteux qui a fait de l’expression – comme de sa cadette, la périurbanisation – un épouvantail visant à bannir toute pratique considérée comme indûment centrifuge eu égard à la conception dominante de la ville durable. Cette culpabilisation fait généralement litière de la longue durée de l’occupation et du façonnage des territoires, qui leur confère pourtant de fortes particularités imposant la nuance. Le trajet et les raisons de cette dérive sont exposés, en préalable à une démonstration appuyée sur le cas singulier de la Bretagne, prouvant que l’usage inapproprié de l’expression comme du concept fait porter un opprobre largement injustifié sur « les villes invisibles » qui caractérisent désormais cette région.
A mitotic kinase scaffold depleted in testicular seminomas impacts spindle orientation in germ line stem cells
Authors: Hehnly Heidi , Canton David , Bucko Paula , Langeberg Lorene K , Ogier Leah , Gelman Irwin , Santana L Fernando , Wordeman Linda , Scott John D
Published: September 2015

Correct orientation of the mitotic spindle in stem cells underlies organogenesis. Spindle abnormalities correlate with cancer progression in germ line-derived tumors. We discover a macromolecular complex between the scaffolding protein Gravin/AKAP12 and the mitotic kinases, Aurora A and Plk1, that is down regulated in human seminoma. Depletion of Gravin correlates with an increased mitotic index and disorganization of seminiferous tubules. Biochemical, super-resolution imaging, and enzymology approaches establish that this Gravin scaffold accumulates at the mother spindle pole during metaphase. Manipulating elements of the Gravin-Aurora A-Plk1 axis prompts mitotic delay and prevents appropriate assembly of astral microtubules to promote spindle misorientation. These pathological responses are conserved in seminiferous tubules from Gravin−/− mice where an overabundance of Oct3/4 positive germ line stem cells displays randomized orientation of mitotic spindles. Thus, we propose that Gravin-mediated recruitment of Aurora A and Plk1 to the mother (oldest) spindle pole contributes to the fidelity of symmetric cell division.
Furnaces, Fuel‐Fired
Authors: Bozzuto Carl
Published: September 2015

This article provides a brief overview of fossil‐fuel‐fired furnaces, primarily for use in electric power generation. A brief history of furnaces and their applications is included. Furnace types are identified. Current emphasis is on higher temperature steam conditions and control of greenhouse gas emissions.
Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Stuart Barbara
Published: September 2015

Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most widely applicable analytical techniques and has the great advantage that virtually any sample in almost any state may be studied. Liquids, solutions, pastes, powders, films, fibers, gases, and surfaces all can be examined with a judicious choice of sampling technique. The fundamental theory associated with infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform spectrometers is described. The sampling procedure used in infrared spectroscopy depends very much on the type of sample to be examined and the various sampling techniques that are commonly available, including the latest reflectance techniques, are outlined. Spectrum interpretation is also discussed outlining how information may be gained from an infrared spectrum. Infrared spectroscopy is used in a wide variety of scientific fields and some of the applications of the technique are summarized: organic and inorganic molecules, polymers, biological applications, and industrial applications are reviewed.
The concept of transport capacity in geomorphology
Authors: Wainwright John , Parsons Anthony J. , Cooper James R. , Gao Peng , Gillies John A. , Mao Luca , Orford Julian D. , Knight Peter G.
Published: September 2015

The notion of sediment‐transport capacity has been engrained in geomorphological and related literature for over 50 years, although its earliest roots date back explicitly to Gilbert in fluvial geomorphology in the 1870s and implicitly to eighteenth to nineteenth century developments in engineering. Despite cross fertilization between different process domains, there seem to have been independent inventions of the idea in aeolian geomorphology by Bagnold in the 1930s and in hillslope studies by Ellison in the 1940s. Here we review the invention and development of the idea of transport capacity in the fluvial, aeolian, coastal, hillslope, débris flow, and glacial process domains. As these various developments have occurred, different definitions have been used, which makes it both a difficult concept to test, and one that may lead to poor communications between those working in different domains of geomorphology. We argue that the original relation between the power of a flow and its ability to transport sediment can be challenged for three reasons. First, as sediment becomes entrained in a flow, the nature of the flow changes and so it is unreasonable to link the capacity of the water or wind only to the ability of the fluid to move sediment. Secondly, environmental sediment transport is complicated, and the range of processes involved in most movements means that simple relationships are unlikely to hold, not least because the movement of sediment often changes the substrate, which in turn affects the flow conditions. Thirdly, the inherently stochastic nature of sediment transport means that any capacity relationships do not scale either in time or in space. Consequently, new theories of sediment transport are needed to improve understanding and prediction and to guide measurement and management of all geomorphic systems.
Seismotectonics of southern Haiti: A new faulting model for the 12 January 2010M7.0 earthquake
Authors: Saint Fleur Newdeskarl , Feuillet Nathalie , Grandin Raphaël , Jacques Eric , Weil‐Accardo Jennifer , Klinger Yann
Published: September 2015

The prevailing consensus is that the 2010Mw7.0 Haiti earthquake left the Enriquillo‐Plantain Garden strike‐slip fault (EPGF) unruptured but broke unmapped blind north dipping thrusts. Using high‐resolution topography, aerial images, bathymetry, and geology, we identified previously unrecognized south dipping NW‐SE striking active thrusts in southern Haiti. One of them, Lamentin thrust, cuts across the crowded city of Carrefour, extends offshore into Port‐au‐Prince Bay, and connects at depth with the EPGF. We propose that both faults broke in 2010. The rupture likely initiated on the thrust and propagated further along the EPGF due to unclamping. This scenario is consistent with geodetic, seismological, and field data. The 2010 earthquake increased the stress toward failure on the unruptured segments of the EPGF and on neighboring thrusts, significantly increasing the seismic hazard in the Port‐au‐Prince urban area. The numerous active thrusts recognized in that area must be considered for future evaluation of the seismic hazard.
Noise‐driven cooperative dynamics between vegetation and topography in riparian zones
Authors: Vesipa R. , Camporeale C. , Ridolfi L.
Published: September 2015

Riparian ecosystems exhibit complex biotic and abiotic dynamics, where the triad vegetation‐sediments‐stream determines the ecogeomorphological features of the river landscape. Random fluctuations of the water stage are a key trait of this triad, and a number of behaviors of the fluvial environment can be understood only taking into consideration the role of noise. In order to elucidate how randomness shape riparian transects, a stochastic model that takes into account the main links between vegetation, sediments, and the stream is adopted, emphasizing the capability of vegetation to alter the plot topography. A minimalistic approach is pursued, and the probability density function of vegetation biomass is analytically evaluated in any transect plot. This probability density function strongly depends on the vegetation‐topography feedback. We demonstrate how the vegetation‐induced modifications of the bed topography create more suitable conditions for the survival of vegetation in a stochastically dominated environment.
Rattle‐Type Fe3O4@CuS Developed to Conduct Magnetically Guided Photoinduced Hyperthermia at First and Second NIR Biological Windows
Authors: Wu Ze‐Cong , Li Wei‐Peng , Luo Cheng‐Hung , Su Chia‐Hao , Yeh Chen‐Sheng
Published: September 2015

A therapeutic carrier in the second near‐infrared (NIR) window is created that features magnetic target, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis, and photothermal therapy functions through the manipulation of a magnet and NIR laser. A covellite‐based CuS in the form of rattle‐type Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles is developed to conduct photoinduced hyperthermia at 808 and 1064 nm of the first and second NIR windows, respectively. The Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles exhibit broad NIR absorption from 700 to 1300 nm. The in vitro photothermal results show that the laser intensity obtained using 808 nm irradiation required a twofold increase in its magnitude to achieve the same damage in cells as that obtained using 1064 nm irradiation. Because of the favorable magnetic property of Fe3O4, magnetically guided photothermal tumor ablation is performed for assessing both laser exposures. According to the results under the fixed laser intensity and irradiation spot, exposure to 1064 nm completely removed tumors showing no signs of relapse. On the other hand, 808 nm irradiation leads to effective inhibition of growth that remained nearly unchanged for up to 30 d, but the tumors are not completely eliminated. In addition, MRI is performed to monitor rattle‐type Fe3O4@CuS localization in the tumor following magnetic attraction.
Reduction Dynamics of Doped Ceria, Nickel Oxide, and Cermet Composites Probed Using In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Maher Robert C. , Shearing Paul R. , Brightman Edward , Brett Dan J. L. , Brandon Nigel P. , Cohen Lesley F.
Published: September 2015

The redox properties of gadolinium doped ceria (CGO) and nickel oxide (NiO) composite cermets underpin the operation of solid oxide electrochemical cells. Although these systems have been widely studied, a full comprehension of the reaction dynamics at the interface of these materials is lacking. Here, in situ Raman spectroscopic monitoring of the redox cycle is used to investigate the interplay between the dynamic and competing processes of hydrogen spillover and water dissociation on the doped ceria surface. In order to elucidate these mechanisms, the redox process in pure CGO and NiO is studied when exposed to wet and dry hydrogen and is compared to the cermet behavior. In dry hydrogen, CGO reduces relatively rapidly via a series of intermediate phases, while NiO reduces via a single‐step process. In wet reducing atmospheres, however, the oxidation state of pure CGO is initially stabilized due to the dissociation of water by reduced Ce(III) and subsequent incorporation of oxygen into the structure. In the reduction process involving the composite cermet, the close proximity of the NiO improves the efficiency and speed of the composite reduction process. Although NiO is already incorporated into working cells, these observations suggest direct routes to further improve cell performance.
Formation and stability of string phase in polyamide 6/polystyrene blends in confined flow: Effects of nanoparticles and blend ratio
Authors: Kong Miqiu , Huang Yajiang , Lv Yadong , Yang Qi , Li Guangxian
Published: September 2015

Influences of silica nanoparticles on the microstructural evolution of polyamide 6 (PA6)/polystyrene (PS) blends with varying blend ratios were investigated in confined shear flow. Hydrophilic silica nanoparticles were found to promote the formation of PA6 strings with excellent shape stability during shearing. It was ascribed to the promoted coalescence of PA6 droplets induced both by the significantly increased droplet viscoelasticity and confinement, and the reduced interfacial tension by adding silica nanoparticles. Additionally, the width and aspect ratio of droplets obtained by experiments were compared with the predictions of Maffettone–Minale, Minale, Shapira‐Haber, MMSH, and modified M models. Good agreements were found in the droplet width in blends with low nanoparticle concentrations, whereas the experimental aspect ratio showed a negative deviation to model predictions, which was attributed to the enhanced droplet viscoelasticity and the omitted droplet orientation angle in these models. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 564–573, 2016
Morphology‐dependent electrocatalytic activity of nanostructured Pt/C particles from hybrid aerosol–colloid process
Authors: Balgis Ratna , Arif Aditya F. , Mori Takahiro , Ogi Takashi , Okuyama Kikuo , Anilkumar Gopinathan M.
Published: September 2015

An optimum nanostructure and pore size of catalyst supports is very important in achieving high catalytic performances. In this instance, we evaluated the effects of various carbon nanostructures on the catalytic performances of carbon‐supported platinum (Pt/C) electrocatalysts experimentally and numerically. The Pt/C catalysts were prepared using a hybrid method involving the preparation of dense, hollow, and porous nanostructured carbon particle via aerosol spray pyrolysis followed by microwave‐assisted Pt deposition. Electrochemical characterization of the catalysts showed that the porous Pt/C catalyst gave the best performance; its electrochemical surface area was much higher, more than twice than those of hollow or dense Pt/C. The effects of pore size on electrocatalysis were also studied. The results showed the importance of a balance between mesopores and macropores for effective catalysis with a high charge transfer rate. A fluid flow model showed that good oxygen transport contributed to the catalytic activity. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 440–450, 2016
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Existence of CuII, CuIII, and CuIV in Copper Corrolato Complexes
Authors: Sinha Woormileela , Sommer Michael G. , Deibel Naina , Ehret Fabian , Bauer Matthias , Sarkar Biprajit , Kar Sanjib
Published: September 2015

The most common oxidation states of copper in stable complexes are +I and +II. CuIII complexes are often considered as intermediates in biological and homogeneous catalysis. More recently, CuIV species have been postulated as possible intermediates in oxidation catalysis. Despite the importance of these higher oxidation states of copper, spectroscopic data for these oxidation states remain scarce, with such information on CuIV complexes being non‐existent. We herein present the synthesis and characterization of three copper corrolato complexes. A combination of electrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemistry, XANES measurements, and DFT calculations points to existence of three distinct redox states in these molecules for which the oxidation states +II, +III, and +IV can be invoked for the copper centers. The present results thus represent the first spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of a CuIV species, and describe a redox series where CuII, CuIII, and CuIV are discussed within the same molecular platform.