bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Improved Traditional Drugs against virulent species of Salmonella spp in Benin: assessment of the properties from Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus in Benin, West Africa
Authors: LEGBA Boris , DOUGNON Victorien , GBAGUIDI Carène , ANIAMBOSSOU Alidah , DEGUENON Esther , DOUGNON Jacques , BABA-MOUSSA Lamine
Published: October 2019

Background Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus on multiresistant Salmonella spp isolated in Benin.Results After in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus , only the aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae (leaves) showed the best anti- Salmonella ’s activity. It has been used for the following experiments. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9.0 10 8 CFU/ml was optimal concentration for triggering and maintaining the symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration has been used for in vivo assessment. 24 hours post inoculation later, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stool and somnolence) were observed in infected groups. After seven days of treatment, the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 85%, 52.38% and 98% respectively in the chicks groups infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. About the groups infected with Salmonella spp (virulent strain), the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 0%, 98.66% and 99.33%. The toxicity tests did not show any significant effect of the Uvaria chamae ’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.Conclusion The aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of Salmonella spp . This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.
Organ/space infection is a common cause of high output stoma and outlet obstruction
Authors: Hara Yutaro , Miura Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Morohashi Hajime , Nagase Hayato , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: October 2019

Aim: The objectives of this study are to identify causes of high-output stoma (HOS) and outlet obstruction (OO), which are major complications of diverting ileostomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 103 patients who underwent colorectal surgery and diverting ileostomy between December 2015 and November 2018. Results: HOS was found in 32 patients (31.1%) and OO in 19 (18.4%). Organ/space surgical site infection (SSI), anastomotic leakage and OO were independent HOS-related factors in univariate analysis, and OO (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, p=0.022) was a independent HOS-related factor in multivariate analysis. Organ/space SSI and HOS were independent OO-related factors in univariate analysis, and organ/space SSI (OR 3.69, p=0.02) was a independent OO-related factor in multivariate analysis. The white blood cell (WBC) count on postoperative day (POD) 3 was significantly higher in the HOS group compared to the non-HOS group (9765 vs. 8130 /mL, p<0.05), and the WBC count (9400 vs. 7475 /mL, p<0.05) and C-reactive protein level (6.01 vs. 2.92 mg/L, p<0.05) on POD 6 were significantly higher in the OO group compared to the non-OO group. Conclusion: Organ/space infection is involved in the common pathology of HOS and OO. Decreased intestinal absorption due to intestinal edema caused by organ/space SSI and relative stenosis at the abdominal wall-penetrating site are major causes of HOS and OO
The "slide technique" - a novel free-hand method of subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Xiangyang , Shen Xiongjie , Wang Guoping , Chen Yixin
Published: October 2019

Background : Cervical Pedicle Screw(CPS) placement is a challenging work due to high risk of neurovascular complications. Although there have been a number of different free-hand or navigation assisted techniques for CPS placement, perforations always occur during screw insertion, especially lateral perforation. The objective of this research is to describe a novel free-hand technique for subaxial CPS placement (C3–C7) for improving security and decreasing the chances of perforation. Methods : Thirty-two patients undergoing surgery with CPS instrumentation (C3–C7) at our institute between June 2017 and December 2018 were included in the study. All the patients had cervical trauma, and pedicle screw insertion was made according to the free-hand “slide technique”. Lamina, lateral mass and facet joint of the target area were clearly exposed and the optimal entry point was found on the lateral mass posterior surface. A pedicular probe was then inserted and gently advanced. During the pedicle probe insertion, the cortex of the medial margin of the pedicle acted as a “slide” to permit safe insertion of the screw. If the pedicle screw pathway was intact, screw of appropriate size was carefully placed. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging reconstruction was performed in all the patients after surgery, and screw perforations were graded with the Gertzbein-Robbins classification. Results : A total of 257 CPSs (C3-7) were inserted, of which 41 CPSs in C3, 61 CPSs in C4, 55 CPSs in C5, 53 CPSs in C6, and 47 CPSs in C7. The diameter and length of CPSs were 3.5 mm and 22-26 mm respectively. According to the Gertzbein-Robbins classification, grade 0, 231 screws; grade 1, 19 screws; and grade 2, 7 screws. No neurovascular complications occurred stemming from malpositioning of pedicle screws. In perforated screws (26 screws), lateral perforations were 16, medical perforations were 5, and inferior perforations were 4. Conclusions : The initial usage result show the “slide technique” is a safe, effective and cost-effective technique for pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine. This is the first report of such technique, we recommend it to wide practical application though further studies are needed.
M1 Macrophage Infiltrations Exacerbate Muscle and Bone Atrophy after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Shimada Nobuhiro , Sakata Asuka , Igarashi Takashi , Takeuchi Mamoru , Nishimura Satoshi
Published: October 2019

Background: Peripheral nerve injury causes limb muscle/bone atrophy, leading to chronic pain. We hypothesized that M1 macrophages, which focused on neurogenic inflammation, are important in muscle/bone atrophy after nerve injury. We investigated M1 macrophages’ influence on such atrophy after nerve injury in mice to prevent muscle/bone atrophy by suppressing M1 macrophages. Methods: Hind limb muscle weight and total bone density were measured in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model mice. Immunohistochemistry and intravital microscopy were performed to visualize the hind limb muscle and bone, and the cells were quantitated using flow cytometry. We compared M1 macrophages’ infiltration and muscle/bone atrophy in macrophage depletion and untreated groups, and investigated these changes using administration models of anti-inflammatory drugs and drugs for neuropathic pain. Results: Muscle weight was significantly lower 1 week after CCI compared to control groups, and total bone density significantly decreased in 5 weeks. Osteoclasts were significantly higher 1 week after CCI, compared to the control groups. M1 macrophage muscle infiltration was observed from 2 h, via intravital microscopy, and 1 week after CCI, and was significantly higher 1 week after CCI compared to the control groups. In the macrophage depletion, dexamethasone, pregabalin, and loxoprofen administration groups, M1 macrophage infiltration into muscle and bone was significantly lower, and muscle weight and bone density were significantly higher than the untreated group. Conclusions: M1 macrophage infiltration exacerbates muscle/bone atrophy after peripheral nerve injury. By suppressing M1 macrophages at the neural injury local site, muscle/bone atrophy could be avoided.
Decision Tree Analysis on the Factors Influencing the COI of Infantile Bronchopneumonia Inpatients in a Northern Hospital of China
Authors: pei dongmei , YUE YANGYANG , guo jiakai , guo qiyong
Published: October 2019

Background:
Bronchopneumonia is a disease with a high death rate for children in developing countries. It not only affects the healthy growth of children, but also puts economic pressure and additional burdens on their families and society. Social development and advancement may change the factors influencing the hospitalization costs. This study aimed to explore reasonable cost control approaches by analyzing the factors related to unreasonable increases in medical costs, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment behaviors and determine management methods for scientific medical costs.
Methods:
Using the decision tree analysis method combined with the characteristic variables of inpatients, data mining and analysis were performed on the assortment of charges for15,980infantile bronchopneumonia inpatients in a northern hospital of China during January 2013 to December 2017.
Results:
The medical costs of infantile bronchopneumonia inpatients tended to decrease year by year. Various factors influencing the hospitalization costs were sequenced in order of decreasing importance: salvage, complications, admission condition, discharge condition, hospital stay, age and medical payment mode. The hospitalization cost of 623(78.5%) patients with salvage during hospitalization was >RMB 10,000. Hospitalization cost of
Prognosis Evaluation of Universal Coronary Heart Disease: The Interplay between SYNTAX Score and ApoB/ApoA1
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Wang Zhongyu , Li Bing , Yang Ping
Published: October 2019

Object：To assess the prognosis value of different kinds of SYNTAX score together with apoB/apoA1 in universal coronary heart disease (Regardless of coronary lesion). Method：396 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）and coronary stenting from 2013 to 2014 were chosen and recorded the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and quality of life during the next 5 years. According to SYNTAX and SYNTAX II score, the patients were divided into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk groups, and the clinical features, MACE incidence and EQ-5D score at each time points were compared. And the predictive factors of MACE incidence were analyzed. Results：①Compared with SYNTAX low-risk group, MACE incidence in 1 year significantly increased in medium-high risk group（p=0.011）. Compared with SYNTAX II low-risk group, MACE incidence in 5 years significantly increased in medium and high-risk group（p=0.032）.② Compared with SYNTAX II low-risk group，cardiovascular mortality in 3 and 5 years significantly elevated in high-risk group（p=0.001，p＜0.001 respectively）. ③ Compared with SYNTAX II low and medium-risk group, EQ-5D score in 5 years significantly decreased in high-risk group（p=0.001）. ④ ApoB/ApoA1 was more likely to be classified as high risk in SYNTAX/SYNTAX II medium and high-risk group（p=0.023，p=0.044 respectively）. ⑤Logistic regression analysis showed that apoB/apoA1 was an independent predictor of MACE events in hospital and 5 years（p=0.032，p=0.016 respectively），SYNTAX score was an independent predictor of MACE events in 1 year（medium-risk group：p=0.02；high-risk group：p=0.015）SYNTAX II score was an independent predictor of MACE events in 5 yeasrs(p=0.003). Conclusions：①SYNTAX score has a high predictive value for short-term prognosis while SYNTAX II score is more predictive of long-term prognosis. ② SYNTAX II score is superior to SYNTAX score in predicting cardiovascular death. ③ The combination of apoB/apoA1 high-risk and SYNTAX II medium and high-risk group is the focus of clinical treatment and long-term follow-up observation.
El bien en la conducta moral a partir de la filosofía de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Sanabria Cucalón María Camila
Published: October 2019

En el presente artículo nos ocupamos del significado del bien en el marco de la conducta moral de Hannah Arendt. Partiremos de su noción de banalidad del mal y de su concepción antropológica del dos-en-uno para comprender las características de la conducta moral. Más adelante reconoceremos los elementos negativos que la constituyen, al evitar el mal desde la coherencia. Por último, nos ocuparemos del significado del bien en dicha conducta concluyendo que este último -en un sentido “auténtico”- no haría parte de aquella, sino que podría compartir las características de la banalidad del mal.
El diálogo como fusión de horizontes en la comprensión hermenéutica de Gadamer
Authors: Francisco Viveros Edison
Published: October 2019

Comprender para Gadamer es ponerse de acuerdo en la cosa (Sache). En este sentido no es posible comprender una situación humana cuando hay una incapacidad para dialogar. El diálogo es aquella forma del lenguaje en la que entramos, en la que creamos tejidos de palabras y nos enredamos porque nos dejamos llevar por la cosa (sache) o la situación hermenéutica. La tesis de este escrito es la siguiente: El diálogo en Gadamer es un medio para llegar a la fusión de horizontes y a la comprensión hermenéutica. La conclusión es que la hermenéutica solo puede lograrse y llevarse lejos si los dialogantes tienen disposición para ello y si reconocen la importancia de la opinión del otro como un acto de razón. Es decir, no como una abdicación de la propia razón
Effects of a complex phytase-containing enzyme preparation on the rye wort fermentation process
Authors: Polyakov Viktor , Serba Elena , Overchenko Marina , Ignatova Nadezhda , Rimareva Liubov
Published: October 2019

A complex of amylases, proteases, and hemicellulases is known to enhance deep conversion of polysaccharides and proteins, especially in the processing of difficult-to-ferment raw materials, such as rye, providing grain wort with soluble carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides. Grain is also a source of phosphorus, whose bioavailability can be increased by hydrolysing the grain with phytase-containing enzyme preparations. However, their catalytic action during the preparation of grain wort for alcohol production has hardly been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new complex phytasecontaining enzyme preparation on yeast metabolism and the efficiency of rye wort fermentation. The work was carried out in the Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology. The Glucavamorin complex enzyme preparations derived from recombinant strains were the object of our research. The preparations differed in the activity level of the main enzyme, lucoamylase, and minor hemicellulase enzymes, as well as in the presence of phytase. The results confirmed their biocatalytic ability to efficiently hydrolyse polymers of rye grain. An increased content of hemicellulases in Glucavamorin-Xyl improved the rheological properties of rye wort. The greatest effect was achieved with the phytase-containing Glucavamorin-Ply. This preparation improved the phosphorus nutrition of yeast, which increased its biomass by 30% and decreased the level of fermentation by-products by 18–20%. Alcohol yield tended to increase and its strength reached 10.5–10.9% vol. When using a phytase-containing enzyme complex, it was possible to reduce the amount of the main enzyme, glucoamylase, without causing the key fermentation indicators to degrade.
Indigenous yeast with cellulose-degrading activity in napa cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) waste: Characterisation and species identification
Authors: Utama Gemilang L. , Lestari Widia D. , Kayaputri Indira L. , Balia Roostita L.
Published: October 2019

Napa cabbage waste contains an organic component, cellulose, which can be utilised as an ingredient for cellulose-degrading enzyme production with the help of indigenous yeast. The aim of the research was to identify and characterise potential indigenous yeast isolated from napa cabbage waste, which has cellulose-degrading activity. Indigenous yeast were isolated and characterised using the RapID Yeast Plus System, then turbidity was used to determine the yeast total population. Indigenous yeast was grown at napa cabbage waste at 27, 37, and 40°C for three days, and cellulose-degrading activity was determined by the Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method. The potential yeast isolate with the highest cellulose-degrading activity was identified by a sequence analysis of the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with using primers ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′- TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). The results were compared to the GenBank database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tools/BLAST algorithm. Three species of indigenous yeast were isolated from napa cabbage waste (S2, S6, and S8). S8, incubated at 37ºC for three days, demonstrated the highest cellulose-degrading enzyme activity (1.188 U/mL), with the average activity of 0.684U/mL. Species identification results indicated that the S8 isolate had a 100% similarity to Pichia fermentans UniFGPF2 (KT029805.1).
Comparative evaluation of approaches to modelling kinetics of microbial thermal death as in the case of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
Authors: Kondratenko Vladimir , Levshenko Mikhail , Petrov Andrey , Pozdnyakova Tamara , Trishkaneva Marina
Published: October 2019

Microbial death kinetics modelling is an integral stage of developing the food thermal sterilisation regimes. At present, a large number of models have been developed. Their properties are usually being accepted as adequate even beyond boundaries of experimental microbiological data zone. The wide range of primary models existence implies the lack of universality of each ones. This paper presents a comparative assessment of linear and nonlinear models of microbial death kinetics during the heat treatment of the Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spore form. The research allowed finding that single-phase primary models (as adjustable functions) are statistically acceptable for approximation of the experimental data: linear – the Bigelow’ the Bigelow as modified by Arrhenius and the Whiting-Buchanan models; and nonlinear – the Weibull, the Fermi, the Kamau, the Membre and the Augustin models. The analysis of them established a high degree of variability for extrapolative characteristics and, as a result, a marked empirical character of adjustable functions, i.e. unsatisfactory convergence of results for different models. This is presumably conditioned by the particularity and, in some cases, phenomenology of the functions themselves. Consequently, there is no reason to believe that the heat treatment regimes, developed on the basis of any of these empirical models, are the most effective. This analysis is the first link in arguing the necessity to initiate the research aimed at developing a new methodology for determining the regimes of food thermal sterilisation based on analysis of the fundamental factors such as ones defined spore germination activation and their resistance to external impact.
DNA authentication of brewery products: basic principles and methodological approaches
Authors: Oganesyants Lev , Vafin Ramil , Galstyan Aram , Ryabova Anastasia , Khurshudyan Sergey , Semipyatniy Vladislav
Published: October 2019

Beer DNA authentication is the process of authentication by identification of barley malt Hordeum vulgare or its substitutes, as well as hops and yeast. The method is based on molecular genetic analysis of residual quantities of nucleic acids extracted from the cellular debris of the final product. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific and methodical approaches to extraction of residual quantities of beer raw materials nucleic acids and beer DNA authentication for their later application in determining brewing products authenticity. The technological level discloses the method of DNA extraction from wines, modified for extraction of nucleic acids from beer samples. The method includes the following characteristic peculiarities: stage enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides and polypeptides of dissolved lyophilisate, multiple sedimentation and resursuspension of nucleoproteid complex, RNA removal followed by DNA extraction by organic solvents, and additional DNA purification by magnetic particle adsorption. This review presents the analysis of genetic targets used as molecular markers for gene identification of malting barley varieties and beer DNA authentication. We also provided the interpretation of PCR analysis of Hordeum vulgare varieties and samples of commercial beer. Data on SSR- and SNP-markers of Hordeum vulgare nuclear DNA, used for barley varieties identification and potentially suitable for beer DNA authentication, are also presented. We also analysed genetic targets used in malting barley substitute detection, as well as hops and yeast identification in beer. Data on correlation of amplified DNA targets with beer quality indicators were systematised.
Reconstruction of Uzbek poetry image system in translation
Authors: Iplina Antonina Alekandrovna
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the poetic system of images in the poetic speech of Uzbek lyrics on the material of the poem «Oshi halol» by the modern popular poet and translator Rustam Musurmon in the original language, as well as translations into English and Russian in a comparative aspect.
Current problems of learning foreign language by advanced academic staff
Authors: Tsaryova Aleksandra Vladimirovna
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the current problems of learning foreign language by advanced academic staff. The author outlines that academic staff learn a foreign language to upgrade their skills, therefore while teaching advanced adults it is necessary to take into consideration some peculiarities which are connected to their life and educational experience. The main advantage is in immediate application of acquired skills and knowledge. The author comes to the conclusion that, upgrading his or her skills by learning foreign language an academic becomes the unique specialist who implements innovative methods and projects.
Labor market in Russia: modern features and management
Authors: Milenkiy Aleksandr Vsevolodovich , Wang Peng
Published: October 2019

Modern features of the labor market in Russia as well as the factors determining these features are considered in the article. The indicators of population income are presented. Regional features of the labor market are shown. The problems of the labor market development are identified and authors presented some suggestions for solving these problems.
Labor migration: Russian-Chinese relations
Authors: Milenkiy Aleksandr Vsevolodovich , Wang Peng
Published: October 2019

The article considers issues of labor migration, primarily in the light of Russian-Chinese relations. The author emphasizes that quite significant experience in the development and implementation of migration policy has been accumulated in China. For modern Russia, the migration issue is also very relevant. The authors come to the conclusion that there is a need to change migration policies so that labor migration contributes to the development of the Russian labor market, and in this connection measures for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Russia in the field of migration are proposed.
Scientific and technological determinants of innovation development strategy
Authors: Eliseev Vladimir Alexeevich
Published: October 2019

The subject content of the work is domestic innovative development, the theme – scientific and technological aspects, and purpose – consideration of the determinants of the current Strategy until 2020 and prospective one – anticipated Strategy until 2030. The Methodology of work is the application of elements of system analysis (taken and expected government decisions) in the field of innovation research and technological development relating to directions, outcomes, determinants, indicators, challenges and priorities. The research is based on the general scientific method (problem statement, information-analytical generalizations, classification and analogies, analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive approach). The results of the work consist in the formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovative development. The application scope of the results is the strategy of innovative development until 2030.
Conclusion. The strategy of innovative development until 2020 takes into account the bases of strategic planning and scientific and technological development of the country, the selected model and the tempos of innovative development take into account the world experience and domestic characteristics, aimed at parity-adapted integration into the world economy, contribute to reducing the retardation from developed countries. Step-by-step formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovation Strategy until 2030 can be expected from the discussed draft Program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for 2019–2030». For comparative and analytical clarification of the development model (within the framework of the Strategy until 2030), it is important to display its innovative characteristics (scientific and technical novelty, satisfaction of market demand, tradability) against the background of global trends and projected features of the «road map» of the new technological mode. At the same time, the scientific and technological determinants of innovative development will definitely remain trans-parently oriented priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, critical technologies and technological platforms. In addition, due to the multiplicative role of attracted investments in the growth of national income and employment, it seems promising to continue to remove obstacles to the development of public-private partnerships; although, in order to increase the level of technological development of the private sector and change for the better the unsatisfactory financing of R&D by business, in the foreseeable future, limited state protectionism is intended to initiate demand for innovations.
Özel Okullarda Öğrenci Başına Devlet Desteği Konusunda Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: ERGEN Hüseyin , ALTINER Tolga
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kamu ve özel öğretim okullarında görev yapan
öğretmenlerin özel okulda öğrenim gören öğrenci başına yapılan devlet
desteğiyle ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmenlerin özel okul öğrencilerine
devlet desteği konusunda görüşleri farklı değişkenler açısından ele alınmıştır.
Araştırmaya Mersin ili Mezitli ilçesindeki ortaokullarda görev yapan gönüllü
119 öğretmen katılmıştır. Öğretmen görüşleri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen,
kişisel bilgi formu ve anketten oluşan bir veri toplama aracı aracılığı ile
elde edilmiştir. Öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemeye yönelik anket ölçek tipinde
26 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Toplanan veriler üzerinde yapılan analizde frekans,
yüzde ve fark analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde dilen bulgulara göre medeni
durum, lisans eğitimi ve branş değişkenleri açısından öğretmen görüşleri
arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Cinsiyet ve daha önce destekten yararlanma
durumuna göre birkaç maddede görüş ayrılıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan,
yaş, kıdem ve okul türü değişkenleri ise pek çok maddede öğretmenlerin
görüşleri arasında anlamlı farklılık oluşturmaktadır. Genç, kıdemi düşük ve
özel okulda çalışan öğretmenler öğrenci başına destek konusunda
gerekçelendirme, süreç ve uygulama konularında diğerlerine göre daha
iyimserdir.
Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Akhtar Kalsoom , Khan M.I. , Kamal Tahseen , Khan Murad A. , M. Asiri Abdullah , Seo Jongchul , Khan Sher B.
Published: October 2019

:

Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.
ZFARED: A Database of the Antioxidant Response Elements in Zebrafish
Authors: Raghunath Azhwar , Nagarajan Raju , Perumal Ekambaram
Published: October 2019

Background:

Antioxidant Response Elements (ARE) play a key role in the expression
of Nrf2 target genes by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, which offers protection against
toxic agents and oxidative stress-induced diseases.

Objective:

To develop a database of putative AREs for all the genes in the zebrafish genome. This
database will be helpful for researchers to investigate Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms in detail.

Methods:

To facilitate researchers functionally characterize zebrafish AREs, we have developed a
database of AREs, Zebrafish Antioxidant Response Element Database (ZFARED), for all the
protein-coding genes including antioxidant and mitochondrial genes in the zebrafish genome. The
front end of the database was developed using HTML, JavaScript, and CSS and tested in different
browsers. The back end of the database was developed using Perl scripts and Perl-CGI and Perl-
DBI modules.

Results:

ZFARED is the first database on the AREs in zebrafish, which facilitates fast and
efficient searching of AREs. AREs were identified using the in-house developed Perl algorithms
and the database was developed using HTML, JavaScript, and Perl-CGI scripts. From this
database, researchers can access the AREs based on chromosome number (1 to 25 and M for
mitochondria), strand (positive or negative), ARE pattern and keywords. Users can also specify the
size of the upstream/promoter regions (5 to 30 kb) from transcription start site to access the AREs
located in those specific regions.

Conclusion:

ZFARED will be useful in the investigation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and its
gene regulation. ZFARED is freely available at http://zfared.buc.edu.in/.
Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Atorvastatin Against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria: In silico, In vitro and In vivo Evidences
Authors: Sethi Kamal , Singh Arti , Kumar Anoop
Published: October 2019

Background:

The incidences of opportunistic bacterial infections have increased in the
past two decades or is expected to increase in the near future. Despite the availability of various
classes of antibiotics, bacterial infections are not handled properly.

Methods:

Thus, in the present study, we have repurposed atorvastatin against various types of
bacterial strains by using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Furthermore, a preliminary safety
study was conducted using MTT assay.

Results:

In silico study results have revealed that atorvastatin has good interaction with various
targets of bacterial cell like that of the reference ligand. However, under in vitro conditions,it was
found that atorvastatin was effective at higher concentrations (>128 μg/ml) against various bacterial
strains. Thus, further, atorvastatin was tested in combination with standard antibiotics and has
shown a synergistic effect.

Conclusion:

The MTT assay results have revealed non-cytotoxic activity of atorvastatin. In conclusion,
atorvastatin in combination with standard drugs could be developed as an antibacterial agent.
Detailed Molecular Biochemistry for Novel Therapeutic Design Against Nipah and Hendra Virus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bhattacharya Shreya , Dhar Shreyeshi , Banerjee Arundhati , Ray Sujay
Published: October 2019

Background:

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) of genus Henipavirus are the deadliest
zoonotic viruses, which cause severe respiratory ailments and fatal encephalitis in humans and
other susceptible animals. The fatality rate for these infections had been alarmingly high with no approved
treatment available to date. Viral attachment and fusion with host cell membrane is essential for
viral entry and is the most essential event of viral infection. Viral attachment is mediated by interaction
of Henipavirus attachment glycoprotein (G) with the host cell receptor: Ephrin B2/B3, while viral fusion
and endocytosis are mediated by the combined action of both viral glycoprotein (G) and fusion
protein (F).

Conclusion:

This review highlights the mechanism of viral attachment, fusion and also explains the
basic mechanism and pathobiology of this infection in humans. The drugs and therapeutics used either
experimentally or clinically against NiV and HeV infection have been documented and classified in
detail. Some amino acid residues essential for the functionality of G and F proteins were also emphasized.
Therapeutic designing to target and block these residues can serve as a promising approach in
future drug development against NiV and HeV.
Protective Efficacy of Vitamin F against Acrylamide Induced Toxicity: Studies on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Shrivastava Sadhana , Nirala Satendra K. , Reshi Mohammad S. , Shukla Sangeeta , Sharma Anjali , Uthra Chhavi
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Vitamin F is also known as Linoleic Acid (LA), is an Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) which is not produced in humans. It can be modified to form essential precursors such as arachidonic acid which is used to make prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. It is found in abundance in several vegetable oils such as sunflower, poppy seed, safflower and corn oils. LA has shown diverse beneficial effects against diseases such as cancer, skin permeability, insulin resistance, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Acrylamide (AA) is a well known neurotoxic, carcinogenic and genotoxic compound. It is used universally in the industrial process and recently found in various food products which are cooked at a temperature above 120˚C such as potato crisps, bread, cookies and french fries. Over exposure of humans and laboratory animals to monomer AA causes damages to the central and peripheral nervous system.

Objective:

To investigate the therapeutic effect of linoleic acid against acrylamide toxicity.

Methods:

AA was given at 38.27 mg/kg dose for 10 days and therapy with different doses of linoleic acid for three days (11-13 days) to female albino rats.

Results:

Signs and symptoms of acrylamide toxicity occur, they include significant body weight reduction, hair loss, splaying of hindlimbs, dragging of back legs and skin irritation. A significant decline was observed in hemoglobin level and GSH, whereas significant enhancement in LPO was noted, as compared to the control group after AA exposure. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in the brain after AA administration. AA significantly reduced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver, kidney and brain but activities of serum transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and lipid profile increased in serum. Biochemical studies were also strengthened by histopathological observations.

Conclusion:

Study has shown that linoleic acid promotes defense against AA toxicity.
Visual Analytic Tools and Techniques in Population Health and Health Services Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Chishtie Jawad Ahmed , Babineau Jessica , Bielska Iwona Anna , Cepoiu-Martin Monica , Irvine Michael , Koval Andriy , Marchand Jean-Sebastien , Turcotte Luke , Jeji Tara , Jaglal Susan
Published: October 2019

Background

Visual analytics (VA) promotes the understanding of data using visual, interactive techniques and using analytic and visual engines. The analytic engine includes machine learning and other automated techniques, whereas common visual outputs include flow maps and spatiotemporal hotspots for studying service gaps and disease distribution. The principal objective of this scoping review is to examine the state of science on VA and the various tools, strategies, and frameworks used in population health and health services research (HSR).

Objective

The purpose of this scoping review is to develop an overarching global view of established techniques, frameworks, and methods of VA in population health and HSR. The main objectives are to explore, map, and synthesize the literature related to VA in its application to the two main focus areas of health care.

Methods

We will use established scoping review methods to meet the study objective. As the use of the term visual analytics is inconsistent, one of the major challenges was operationalizing the concepts for developing the search strategy, based on the three main concepts of population health, HSR, and VA. We included peer reviewed and grey literature sources from 2005 till March 2019 in the search. Independent teams of researchers will screen the titles, abstracts and full text articles, whereas an independent researcher will arbiter conflicts. Data will be abstracted and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and explanation by two independent researchers.

Results

As of late August 2019, the scoping review is in the full-text screening stage. Data synthesis will follow and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in December 2019. In this protocol, the methods for undertaking this scoping review are detailed. We present how we operationalized the varied concepts of population health, health services, and VA. The main results of the scoping review will synthesize peer reviewed and grey literature sources on the main methods of VA in the interrelated fields of population health and health services research from January 2005 till March 2019.

Conclusions

VA is being increasingly used and integrated with emerging technologies to support decision making using large data sets. This scoping review of the VA tools, strategies, and frameworks applied to population health and health services aims to increase awareness of this approach for uptake by decision makers working within and toward developing learning health systems globally.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14019
Usability, Acceptability, and Effectiveness of Web-Based Conversational Agents to Facilitate Problem Solving in Older Adults: Controlled Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bennion Matthew Russell , Hardy Gillian E , Moore Roger K , Kellett Stephen , Millings Abigail
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The usability and effectiveness of conversational agents (chatbots) that deliver psychological therapies is under-researched.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the system usability, acceptability, and effectiveness in older adults of 2 Web-based conversational agents that differ in theoretical orientation and approach.

METHODS

In a randomized study, 112 older adults were allocated to 1 of the following 2 fully automated interventions: Manage Your Life Online (MYLO; ie, a chatbot that mimics a therapist using a method of levels approach) and ELIZA (a chatbot that mimics a therapist using a humanistic counseling approach). The primary outcome was problem distress and resolution, with secondary outcome measures of system usability and clinical outcome.

RESULTS

MYLO participants spent significantly longer interacting with the conversational agent. Posthoc tests indicated that MYLO participants had significantly lower problem distress at follow-up. There were no differences between MYLO and ELIZA in terms of problem resolution. MYLO was rated as significantly more helpful and likely to be used again. System usability of both the conversational agents was associated with helpfulness of the agents and the willingness of the participants to reuse. Adherence was high. A total of 12% (7/59) of the MYLO group did not carry out their conversation with the chatbot.

CONCLUSIONS

Controlled studies of chatbots need to be conducted in clinical populations across different age groups. The potential integration of chatbots into psychological care in routine services is discussed.
Preserving Climacteric Fruits by Ripening Hormone Oxidation using nano-KMnO4 Confined within Nanoporous Carbon
Authors: Hernando Addo , Ariyanto Teguh , Prasetyo Imam
Published: October 2019

Climacteric fruits naturally can be over-ripened because of ripening hormone composed of ethylene gas. Removal of ethylene gas by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has successfully preserved the fruit, but there is still a room for improvement through nano-confinement process. This study was conducted to compare the ethylene oxidation rate and fruit preservation ability of KMnO4 and nano-KMnO4. Ethylene oxidation experiment was conducted in a gas-tight vial filled with ethylene gas (~20%v) and either KMnO4 or nano-KMnO4. Ethylene gas concentration inside the vial was periodically measured using gas chromatography (GC). The result revealed that ethylene oxidation rate by nano-KMnO4 is higher than KMnO4. The ethylene oxidation rate kinetic was modeled with a gas-solid reaction model, which is fundamentally more accurate than first-order reaction model. Fruit preservation experiment was conducted in sealed containers filled with banana (Musa acuminata) samples and either KMnO4 or nano- KMnO4, and stored at room temperature. The result revealed that banana preservation duration by nano-KMnO4 is remarkably longer than KMnO4, where unpreserved fruit was ripened after 7 days and fruit preserved by KMnO4 and nano-KMnO4 were ripened after 13 and 16 days respectively.
Surface Treatment of Superabsorbent Polymer with Corn Starch for Improved Properties
Authors: Melendres Ariel V. , Carrillo Lorraine A.
Published: October 2019

Samples of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were treated with corn starch to modify absorption and permeability properties. The process was done by homogenously mixing the superabsorbent polymer particles with starch suspension using starch loading of 0.002-0.20 g of starch per g of SAP. The resulting mixture was then dried at temperature of 150oC. The absorption properties such as Free Swell Capacity (FSC) and Absorption Under Pressure (AUP) of treated SAP were determined at different starch loading using test solution of varying sodium chloride concentrations and compared with the untreated SAP. At starch loading of 0.04 g/g, AUP gave better results than untreated SAP. GLP of treated SAP gave significant improvement which is explained in terms of the controlled swelling of SAP particles and a more porous structure of the SAP gel layer that allows faster liquid flow rate.
Serum Calcification Propensity and Clinical Events in CKD
Authors: Bundy Joshua D. , Cai Xuan , Mehta Rupal C. , Scialla Julia J. , de Boer Ian H. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Go Alan S. , Dobre Mirela A. , Chen Jing , Rao Panduranga S. , Leonard Mary B. , Lash James P. , Block Geoffrey A. , Townsend Raymond R. , Feldman Harold I. , Smith Edward R. , Pasch Andreas , Isakova Tamara ,   the CRIC Study Investigators
Published: October 2019

Background and objectives

Patients with CKD are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, ESKD, and mortality. Vascular calcification is one pathway through which cardiovascular disease risks are increased. We hypothesized that a novel measure of serum calcification propensity is associated with cardiovascular disease events, ESKD, and all-cause mortality among patients with CKD stages 2–4.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Among 3404 participants from the prospective, longitudinal Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, we quantified calcification propensity as the transformation time (T50) from primary to secondary calciprotein particles, with lower T50 corresponding to higher calcification propensity. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the associations of T50 with risks of adjudicated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease), adjudicated heart failure, ESKD, and mortality.

Results

The mean T50 was 313 (SD 79) minutes. Over an average 7.1 (SD 3.1) years of follow-up, we observed 571 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, 633 heart failure events, 887 ESKD events, and 924 deaths. With adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, lower T50 was significantly associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] per SD lower T50, 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05 to 1.25), ESKD within 3 years from baseline (HR per SD lower T50, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.86), and all-cause mortality (HR per SD lower T50, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.24), but not heart failure (HR per SD lower T50, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.15). After adjustment for eGFR and 24-hour urinary protein, T50 was not associated with risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, ESKD, and mortality.

Conclusions

Among patients with CKD stages 2–4, higher serum calcification propensity is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, ESKD, and all-cause mortality, but this association was not independent of kidney function.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_10_28_CJN04710419.mp3
LA DEPRECIACIÓN DE 2014-2018: ¿TRUMP O DÉFICITS GEMELOS?
Authors: Hernández Trillo Fausto , Luévano Kevin
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo utiliza un modelo GARCH-M para estudiar la media y varianza condicional del tipo de cambio peso-dólar. Mostró tres principales resultados: en primer lugar, que la presencia del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump no ha tenido un efecto sobre la dinámica del nivel medio del tipo de cambio; no obstante, sí afectó la volatilidad mensual del tipo de cambio durante el periodo de análisis. En segundo lugar, la dinámica de transmisión de un déficit fiscal a un déficit en cuenta corriente podría no cumplirse en México debido a que la tasa de interés no es incentivo suficiente para apreciar el tipo de cambio a través de la demanda del peso mexicano. Es decir, los incrementos en las tasas de interés no han tenido un efecto de apreciación del tipo de cambio. En tercer lugar, y desde nuestro punto de vista más importante, la depreciación del tipo de cambio fue ocasionada por la insuficiencia de financiamiento de déficits gemelos. 

 

THE 2014-2018 DEPRECIATION: TRUMP OR TWINS DEFICITS?

ABSTRACT

This paper uses a GARCH-M model to study the exchange rate behavior during the period 2012-218. In the presence of twin deficits, and a lower level of sources of financing these, the exchange rate was the adjustment variable. The hostility of the President of the US towards Mexico increased volatility, though it did not have any effect on the exchange rate medium level.