bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Novel Material and Approach in 3D-Printed Wrist-Hand Orthoses
Authors: Popescu Diana , Iacob Mariana Cristiana , Tarbă Cristian , Lăptoiu Dan , Cotruţ Cosmin Mihai
Published: February 2024

This article proposes the integration of two novel aspects into the production of 3D-printed customized wrist-hand orthoses. One aspect involves the material, particularly Colorfabb varioShore thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament with an active foaming agent, which allows adjusting the 3D-printed orthoses’ mechanical properties via process parameters such as printing temperature. Consequently, within the same printing process, by using a single extrusion nozzle, orthoses with varying stiffness levels can be produced, aiming at both immobilization rigidity and skin-comfortable softness. This capability is harnessed by 3D-printing the orthosis in a flat shape via material extrusion-based additive manufacturing, which represents the other novel aspect. Subsequently, the orthosis conforms to the user’s upper limb shape after secure attachment, or by thermoforming in the case of a bi-material solution. A dedicated design web app, which relies on key patient hand measurement input, is also proposed, differing from the 3D scanning and modeling approach that requires engineering expertise and 3D scan data processing. The evaluation of varioShore TPU orthoses with diverse designs was conducted considering printing time, cost, maximum flexion angle, comfort, and perceived wrist stability as criteria. As some of the produced TPU orthoses lacked the necessary stiffness around the wrist or did not properly fit the palm shape, bi-material orthoses including polylactic acid (PLA) inserts of varying sizes were 3D-printed and assessed, showing an improved stiffness around the wrist and a better hand shape conformity. The findings demonstrated the potential of this innovative approach in creating bi-material upper limb orthoses, capitalizing on various characteristics such as varioShore properties, PLA thermoforming capabilities, and the design flexibility provided by additive manufacturing technology.
Recording the SS Thistlegorm: Rapid Multi-Image Underwater Photogrammetric Survey of a Large Second World War Wreck
Authors: Brown Simon , Henderson Jon C.
Published: February 2024

This paper describes the workflow followed to survey and monitor the interior and exterior of a large and complex metal wreck, the SS Thistlegorm in the Red Sea, using digital photogrammetry. Utilizing a simple single-camera rig and off-the-shelf software, this study presents a cost-effective and easily replicable method for monitoring change in metal wrecks that meets professional standards and can involve non-specialists in data collection. This paper details the background of the SS Thistlegorm, the equipment used, and the photogrammetric surveys conducted in 2017 and 2022. It outlines the importance of having a clearly thought-out data-management system when working on a large target recorded over a limited series of dives. In particular, this paper considers testing the accuracy of the data obtained and describes the post-processing workflow in detail. The conclusion underscores the feasibility of achieving an accurate geo-referenced baseline 3D survey with readily available equipment and how these data can contribute to historical research and ongoing monitoring efforts.
Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Potential and Wind Energy Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Wei Chih-Chiang , Chiang Cheng-Shu
Published: February 2024

In recent years, Taiwan has actively pursued the development of renewable energy, with offshore wind power assessments indicating that 80% of the world’s best wind fields are located in the western seas of Taiwan. The aim of this study is to maximize offshore wind power generation and develop a method for predicting offshore wind power, thereby exploring the potential of offshore wind power in Taiwan. The research employs machine learning techniques to establish a wind speed prediction model and formulates a real-time wind power potential assessment method. The study utilizes long short-term memory networks (LSTM), gated recurrent units, and stacked recurrent neural networks with LSTM units as the architecture for the wind speed prediction model. Furthermore, the prediction models are categorized into annual and seasonal patterns based on the seasonal characteristics of the wind. The research evaluates the optimal model by analyzing the results of the two patterns to predict the power generation conditions for 1 to 12 h. The study region includes offshore areas near Hsinchu and Kaohsiung in Taiwan. The novelty of the study lies in the systematic analysis using multiple sets of wind turbines, covering aspects such as wind power potential assessment, wind speed prediction, and fixed and floating wind turbine considerations. The research comprehensively considers the impact of different offshore locations, turbine hub heights, rotor-swept areas, and wind field energy on power generation. Ultimately, based on the research findings, it is recommended to choose the SG 8.0-167 DD wind turbine system for the Hsinchu offshore area and the SG 6.0-154 wind turbine system for the Kaohsiung offshore area, serving as reference cases for wind turbine selection.
A Novel Unmanned Surface Vehicle Path-Planning Algorithm Based on A* and Artificial Potential Field in Ocean Currents
Authors: Yang Chaopeng , Pan Jiacai , Wei Kai , Lu Mengjie , Jia Shihao
Published: February 2024

Ocean currents make it difficult for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to keep a safe distance from obstacles. Effective path planning should adequately consider the effect of ocean currents on USVs. This paper proposes an improved A* algorithm based on an artificial potential field (APF) for USV path planning in a current environment. There are three main improvements to the A* algorithm. Firstly, the proposed algorithm ignores unnecessary perilous nodes to decrease calculation. Secondly, an adaptive guidance angle is developed to guide the search in the most appropriate direction to reduce the computing time. Thirdly, the potential field force function is introduced into the cost function to ensure that the path designed for the USV always maintains a safe distance from obstacles under the influence of ocean currents. Furthermore, the Bezier curve is adapted to smooth the path. The experimental results show that the USV path-planning algorithm proposed in this paper, which synthesizes the APF and A* algorithms, runs 22.5% faster on average than the traditional A* algorithm. Additionally, the path developed by the proposed A* algorithm effectively keeps appropriate and different distances from obstacles by considering different ocean currents.
Extracted Spectral Signatures from the Water Column as a Tool for the Prediction of the Structure of a Marine Microbial Community
Authors: Puškarić Staša , Sokač Mateo , Ninčević Živana , Šantić Danijela , Skejić Sanda , Džoić Tomislav , Prelesnik Heliodor , Børsheim Knut Yngve
Published: February 2024

In this communication, we present an innovative approach leveraging advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically the Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method, to analyze downward and upward light spectra collected by Hyperspectral Ocean Color Radiometer (HyperOCR, HOCR) sensors in the water column. Our work focuses on the development of a robust and efficient tool for unraveling the structure and activities of natural microbial assemblages in the ocean. By applying the NMF method to HyperOCR data, we successfully extracted five spectral signatures, representing unique patterns in the data. These signatures were instrumental in predicting the abundances of various microbial components, including bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and picoeukaryotes, showcasing the potential of ML and AI in advancing oceanographic studies. To validate these methods, the study area included a shallow coastal area under the influence of freshwater inflow and an open offshore area with a depth of 100 m. The study sites in coastal and offshore waters (Kaštela Bay and Stončica Vis, respectively) had significantly different hydrographic and microbiological characteristics. Kaštela Bay had lower temperatures and salinity than the site on Vis. We have demonstrated prediction of the structure of the microbial community through application of different AI and ML methods with specific HOCR sensors.
Snake Fungal Disease in Free-Ranging Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in New Jersey: Lesions, Severity of Sores and Investigator’s Perceptions
Authors: Burger Joanna , Jeitner Christian , Zappalorti Robert T. , Bunnell John F. , Ng Kelly , DeVito Emile , Schneider David , Gochfeld Michael
Published: February 2024

Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, the fungus causing snake fungal disease (SFD), has been identified in northern pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) in New Jersey. In this paper, we (1) review the positivity rate of SFD on different locations on snakes’ bodies, (2) determine the relationship between the sores and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) positivity rates, and (3) explore the relationship between the investigators’ clinical evaluation of the severity of sores, their evaluation of the likelihood of the sores being positive, and the qPCR positivity of SFD for the sores. Swabbing the sores was more effective at determining whether the snakes tested positive for O. ophidiicola than ventrum swabbing alone. The perception of the severity of the sores did not relate to qPCR positivity for O. ophidiicola. We suggest that the assessment of the rate of SFD among snakes in the wild needs to include the sampling of snakes with no clinical signs, as well as those with sores, and the swabbing of all the sores collectively. Clear terminology for sores, the identification of clinical signs of SFD, and distinguishing the rates of O. ophidiicola by PCR testing should be adopted. Overall, the pine snakes exhibited a higher rate of sores and positivity of O. ophidiicola swabs by PCR testing compared to the other snakes.
Morphological Changes and Strong Cytotoxicity in Yarrowia lipolytica by Overexpressing Delta-12-Desaturase
Authors: Chang Yufei , Wang Zhen , Li Hequn , Dang Wenrui , Song Yuanda , Kang Xinxin , Zhang Huaiyuan
Published: February 2024

In this study, delta-12 desaturase was overexpressed in Yarrowia lipolytica using the single-copy integrative vector pINA1312 and multicopy integrative vector pINA1292, resulting in the engineered yeast strains 1312-12 and 1292-12, respectively. The content of intracellular linoleic acid (LA) in the 1292-12 strain was much higher than in the 1312-12 strain and the control group. One interesting finding was that the 1292-12 strain showed obvious changes in surface morphology. The 1292-12 colonies were much smaller and smoother, whereas their single cells became much larger compared to the control strain. In addition, the dry cell weight (DCW) of the 1292-12 strain was obviously increased from 8.5 to 12.7 g/L, but the viable cell number sharply decreased from 107 to 105/mL. These results indicated that increased LA content in Yarrowia lipolytica could induce morphological changes or even oxidative stress-dependent cell death. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were accumulated in the 1292-12 strain, while the antioxidant activities of intracellular catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased by 27.6 and 32.0%, respectively. Furthermore, it was also revealed that these issues could be ameliorated by the exogenous supplementation of vitamin C, fish and colza oil.
Using Adapted and Productive European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Provenances as Future Solutions for Sustainable Forest Management in Romania
Authors: Besliu Emanuel , Curtu Alexandru Lucian , Apostol Ecaterina Nicoleta , Budeanu Marius
Published: February 2024

In the near future, it is predicted that the natural distribution range of forest tree species will be reshaped due to the rapid changes in climate conditions. The assisted migration of species in favorable environmental conditions, as future solutions for sustainable forest management, could be supported by genetic tests. This study aims to evaluate the adaptive potential of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the opportunities for applying assisted migration practices in the Carpathian region of Romania. Growth and stability performances, as well as phenotypic plasticity of 31 international beech provenances, were assessed in two common garden experiments located in optimum growing conditions and at the eastern margin of the beech distribution range, respectively. For all analyses, trees height, breast height diameter, and survival were determined. Survival and growth traits were higher by 6–8% in the ecological optimum for beech. The highest mean plasticity was obtained by three provenances from France and one from Denmark. Three provenances performed better in both trials. Increasing the management sustainability of beech forests in a changing climate might be possible by using assisted migration practices, which include the promotion of the highest adapted and productive provenances only in the provenance region where they performed.
Associations between Surface Deformation and Groundwater Storage in Different Landscape Areas of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Shengwei , Fan Wenjie , Huang Lei , Zhang Xiaojing , Luo Meng , Wang Shuai , Yang Lin
Published: February 2024

The Loess Plateau is an important grain-producing area and energy base in China and is an area featuring dramatic changes in both surface and underground processes. However, the associations between surface deformation and groundwater storage changes in different landscape types in the region are still unclear. Based on Sentinel-1 and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data, this study monitored and verified the surface deformation and groundwater storage changes in different landscape types, such as those of the Kubuqi Desert, Hetao Irrigation District, Jinbei Mining Area, and Shendong Mining Area, in the Loess Plateau of China from 2020 to 2021. Through time series and cumulative analysis using the same spatial and temporal resolution, the associations between these two changes in different regions are discussed. The results show that: (1) the surface deformation rates in different landscape types differ significantly. The minimum surface deformation rate in the Kubuqi Desert is −5~5 mm/yr, while the surface deformation rates in the Hetao Irrigation District, the open-pit mine recovery area in the Jinbei Mining Area, and the Shendong Mining Area are −60~25 mm/yr, −25~25 mm/yr, and −95.33~26 mm/yr, respectively. (2) The regional groundwater reserves all showed a decreasing trend, with the Kubuqi Desert, Hetao Irrigation District, Jinbei Mining Area, and Shendong Mining Area declining by 359.42 mm, 103.30 mm, 45.60 mm, and 691.72 mm, respectively. (3) The surface elasticity deformation had the same trend as the temporal fluctuation in groundwater storage, and the diversion activity was the main reason why the temporal surface deformation in the Hetao Irrigation District lagged behind the change in groundwater storage by 1~2 months. The measure of “underground water reservoirs in coal mines” slows down the rate of collapse of coal mine roof formations, resulting in the strongest time-series correlation between mild deformation of the surface of the Shendong mine and changes in the amount of groundwater reserves (R = 0.73). This study analyzes the associations between surface deformation and groundwater storage changes in different landscape areas of the Loess Plateau of China and provides new approaches to analyzing the dynamic associations between the two and the causes of changes in both variables.
Enhancing Agricultural Ecological Efficiency in China: An Evolution and Pathways under the Carbon Neutrality Vision
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Liu Yaqun
Published: February 2024

Under China’s carbon neutrality vision, the integration of resource consumption and ecological protection in agricultural production requires increased attention to agroecology. This study comprehensively integrates the carbon impact within agricultural ecological efficiency (AEE). Based on the window analysis of super-SBM-undesirable and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) models, AEE and its influencing factors in China’s 31 provinces from 2000 to 2021 are measured, and then types categorized, mechanisms investigated, and optimization pathways provided. The results revealed that from 2000 to 2021, the AEE showed a growing trend, with the spatial agglomeration degree increased. Its gravity center presented a migration path of “northeast–southwest”. Driven by internal and external mechanisms, both agricultural production conditions and regional socio-economic conditions had a stronger positive effect and wider range of promotion on China’s AEE, and the positive contribution of physical environmental conditions decreased, while the inhibitory effect increased. Furthermore, this study divided three zones and emphasized that the agri-ecological power zone plays a demonstrative role in carbon sequestration and efficiency improvement, the eco-pollution balance zone needs to strike a balance between economic development and agricultural ecological development, and the agri-pollution power zone ought to reduce agricultural carbon emissions and mitigate its environmental impact.
Hands-On Approach to Foster Paludiculture Implementation and Carbon Certification on Extracted Peatland in Latvia
Authors: Stivrins Normunds , Bikše Jānis , Jeskins Jurijs , Ozola Ilze
Published: February 2024

Voluntary carbon markets open horizons for private companies, public institutions, and individuals developing CO2 removal projects in peatlands to reduce overall carbon footprint. These steps, however, should be in line with appropriate rewetting targets. Therefore, the baseline information about the status of the area must be assessed. Here, we follow the methodology set by the carbon certification program standards, which define the necessary steps for reference conditions assessment. In this study, we practically test the fulfillment of necessary drained peatland baseline evaluation for paludiculture and carbon certification activities. Estimates on the greenhouse gas emission mitigation potential were summarized to define priorities and propose quantifiable measures with suggested paludiculture implementation. Our estimations indicate that rewetting and paludiculture practice on 16.4 ha drained extracted peatland could omit 60.17 t CO2 annual emissions and instead capture 80.31–120.11 t CO2 per year. If drainage continues, then it poses a risk of releasing stored carbon from leftover peat deposits into the atmosphere, contributing 52,653.64 t CO2 to greenhouse gas emissions. Our hands-on approach shows that it is possible for companies to implement rewetting strategies without large EU-level project funding when the conservation and economic aspects are met, thus boosting climate mitigation actions.
Impacts of Rainfall Characteristics and Slope on Splash Detachment and Transport of Loess Soil
Authors: Liu June , Du Fangyue , Cheng Xike , Qi Xiaoqian , Wang Ning , Shen Nan , Ma Chunyan , Wang Zhanli
Published: February 2024

To identify the key parameters and develop accurate experimental models of detachment and transport, splash detachment and transport of loess soil were investigated in relation to the rainfall characteristics and slope. The experiment was conducted under 25 combinations of five rainfall intensities (60, 84, 108, 132 and 156 mm h−1) and five slope gradients (0°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°), using a custom splash pan. Raindrop characteristics (diameter, velocity and kinetics) and splash mass were measured in downslope and upslope. The results indicated that rainfall intensity and slope contributed 94.77% and 0.46%, respectively, to the detachment rate, and 24.39% and 67.82%, respectively, to the transport rate. From a holistic viewpoint, the positive effect of slope became more visible on the detachment rate when the rainfall intensity exceeded 108 mm h−1, and on the transport rate when the slope exceeded 15°. Based on the rainfall simulator in this study, the rainfall kinetic energy (KE, J), raindrop median particle size (D50, mm) and raindrop terminal velocity (V, m s−1) all increased with increasing rainfall intensity (I) within the 60~108 mm h−1 range but decreased with increasing rainfall intensity within the 132~156 mm h−1 range. The rainfall intensity and raindrop characteristics (D50/V/KE) are the key parameters of splash detachment (Dr, g·m−2 min−1), and three detachment models were developed: (1) Dr = 0.1153 I1.09D500.79 (R2 = 0.99, NSE = 0.98, p < 0.01); (2) Dr = 0.0162 I1.11V1.22 (R2 = 0.99, NSE = 0.99, p < 0.01); and (3) Dr = 0.0813 I1.10KE0.18 (R2 = 0.99, NSE = 0.99, p < 0.01). The rainfall intensity and slope are the key parameters for splash transport (Tr, g·m−2 min−1), and the developed transport models could be expressed as: (1) Tr = 0.00657 I1.343S0.116 (R2 = 0.914, NSE = 0.874, p < 0.01) (slopes of 0°, 5° and 10°) and (2) Tr = 0.00218 I1.165S1.033 (R2 = 0.986, NSE = 0.986, p < 0.01) (slopes of 15° and 20°). The results of this study could enhance the understanding of soil splash detachment and transport on loess slopes.
A Digital Survey Approach for Large-Scale Landscape Heritage Resource Exploration: Auxiliary Beacons, the Uncharted Signal Structure of the Great Wall in China
Authors: Li Zhe , Li Mingshuai , Li Yan
Published: February 2024

Following the completion of the Great Wall Resource Survey in 2012, numerous landscape heritage resources along the Great Wall remained undiscovered, highlighting the limitations of conventional survey methods. This study aimed to conduct in-depth investigations of Great Wall signal sites through digital fieldwork methods, unveiling a crucial signaling structure—the auxiliary beacon—and presenting genuine historical scenes of the Great Wall signal network. Through the retrieval of the image database of the entire Great Wall and the utilization of UAVs (drones) for low-altitude remote sensing surveys, 252 auxiliary beacon sites were identified in diverse environments (e.g., deserts, mountains, plains) in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia, and other 10 regions. These case studies enable the categorization of layout types and the proposal of reconstruction hypotheses for the signal network of the Great Wall of China. The findings demonstrate that the beacon fire signals are not lit on the beacon tower tops, but through the ignition of various signals by auxiliary beacons, expressing pre-arranged information. Beacon towers and auxiliary beacons together form an efficient signal network along the Great Wall. This study explores how to use digital survey methods to unearth unknown landscape heritage resources of the Great Wall, enhancing the accuracy of observation for cross-regional and large-scale cultural heritage.
Identifying the Changes in Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being under Agricultural Transformation Contexts in Peri-Urban Areas: A Case Study of the Xi’an Metropolitan Zone, China
Authors: Han Lejuan , Zhou Zhongxue
Published: February 2024

Agricultural transition and specialization in PUAs have reshaped the ecological landscape, economic structure, and rural cultural values worldwide. There is a gap in how to analyze the linkages of ecosystem services (ES) and human well-being (HWB) and how to clearly identify the differences on the dimension (primary concerns) of HWB from a comprehensive perspective. Thus, we selected three typical agricultural transformation modes in the Xi’an metropolitan zone in China, employing social surveys, field mapping, ecosystem service assessment methods, and qualitative analysis methods, and proposed an analytical framework from a comprehensive perspective of “ecological-social-cultural” contexts to examine the changes and mechanism between ES and HWB. The results indicated the following: (1) Agricultural transition has driven the changes not only in ecological landscape, agricultural structure planting and practice modes, and rural economic structure, but also the shift in rural social relationships and cultural values together restructured rural society during agricultural specialization. (2) Due to triggering by the agricultural transition and specialization, great changes occurred in “ecological-social-cultural” contexts in PUAs, the changes of HWB not only reflected in its degree (level), but more importantly, in its dimension (primary concerns). (3) With agricultural transition and specialization, the total value of ES increased, while the HWB rose in three transition modes. (4) The analytical frameworks proposed in the study are suitable to analyze the mechanisms of ES and HWB, and helpful to address the issues on the relation of ES to HWB inevitably being combined with the nature–land system. The approach proposed in the study on distinguishing the differences among the dimensions of well-being based on grounded theory could clearly identify the differences among different “ecological- social-cultural” contexts.
Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell
Authors: Brunk Clifford F. , Marshall Charles R.
Published: February 2024

The path from life’s origin to the emergence of the eukaryotic cell was long and complex, and as such it is rarely treated in one publication. Here, we offer a sketch of this path, recognizing that there are points of disagreement and that many transitions are still shrouded in mystery. We assume life developed within microchambers of an alkaline hydrothermal vent system. Initial simple reactions were built into more sophisticated reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks (RAFs), laying the foundation for life’s anastomosing metabolism, and eventually for the origin of RNA, which functioned as a genetic repository and as a catalyst (ribozymes). Eventually, protein synthesis developed, leading to life’s biology becoming dominated by enzymes and not ribozymes. Subsequent enzymatic innovation included ATP synthase, which generates ATP, fueled by the proton gradient between the alkaline vent flux and the acidic sea. This gradient was later internalized via the evolution of the electron transport chain, a preadaptation for the subsequent emergence of the vent creatures from their microchamber cradles. Differences between bacteria and archaea suggests cellularization evolved at least twice. Later, the bacterial development of oxidative phosphorylation and the archaeal development of proteins to stabilize its DNA laid the foundation for the merger that led to the formation of eukaryotic cells.
A Bayesian Optimization Approach for Tuning a Grouping Genetic Algorithm for Solving Practically Oriented Pickup and Delivery Problems
Authors: Rüther Cornelius , Rieck Julia
Published: February 2024

Background: The Multi Depot Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Heterogeneous Vehicle Fleets (MDPDPTWHV) is a strongly practically oriented routing problem with many real-world constraints. Due to its complexity, solution approaches with sufficiently good quality ideally contain several operators with certain probabilities.Thus, automatically selecting the best parameter configurations enhances the overall solution quality. Methods: To solve the MDPDPTWHV, we present a Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGA) framework with several operators and population management variants. A Bayesian Optimization (BO) approach is introduced to optimize the GGA’s parameter configuration. The parameter tuning is evaluated on five data sets which differ in several structural characteristics and contain 1200 problem instances. The outcomes of the parameter-tuned GGA are compared to both the initial GGA parameter configuration and a state-of-the-art Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS). Results: The presented GGA framework achieves a better solution quality than the ALNS, even for the initial parameter configuration used. The mean value of the relative error is less than 0.9% and its standard deviation is less than 1.31% for every problem class. For the ALNS, these values are up to three times higher and the GGA is up to 38% faster than the ALNS. Conclusions: It is shown that the BO, as a parameter tuning approach, is a good choice in improving the performance of the considered meta-heuristic over all instances in each data set. In addition, the best parameter configuration per problem class with the same characteristics is able to improve both the frequency of finding the best solution, as well as the relative error to this solution, significantly.
Design and Testing of a New Type of Planetary Traction Drive Bearing-Type Reducer
Authors: Shu Hongyu , Yu Yijie , Shu Ran , Wang Wenjie , Pan Changjiang
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the design and development of a new type of planetary traction drive bearing-type reducer. In this design, the transmission outer ring is replaced with an elastic ring. The design constructs a circular arc at the axial end of the rolling body’s contour line. This ensures that the contact point of this arc with the reducer’s outer ring and the inner ring’s axial end face is maintained on the radial traction contact line. As a result, it can replace the thrust bearing and provide an axial support function. It has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, smooth transmission, and low noise. This paper first introduces the design and development process of this bearing-type reducer and presents systematic research on its transmission principle and dynamics. Subsequently, in response to the edge effect phenomenon of the outer ring contact line, the contour line of the outer ring is refined by adopting the shaping method used for bearing rollers, establishing a full circular arc profile shaping method, which significantly improves its edge effect. Finally, in our investigations, combined with experimental tests, a prototype of the bearing-type reducer was fabricated, and the speed ratio, torque, and transmission efficiency of the reducer were studied. The results demonstrate that the bearing-type reducer can achieve high transmission accuracy and efficiency. The transmission performance varies significantly under different lubrication conditions, with the peak efficiency reaching as high as 99.97% when using Santotrac 50 traction oil. The results verify the feasibility of the proposed design method and have the potential to be applied in wheel hub motors and robot joints.
DRR: Global Context-Aware Neural Network Using Disease Relationship Reasoning and Attention-Based Feature Fusion
Authors: Ding Zhixing , Li Zhengqiang , Li Xi , Li Hao
Published: February 2024

The prediction of future disease development based on past diagnosis records has gained significant attention due to the growing health awareness among individuals. Recent deep learning-based methods have successfully predicted disease development by establishing relationships for each diagnosis record and extracting features from a patient’s past diagnoses in chronological order. However, most of these models have ignored the connections between identified diseases and low-risk diseases, leading to bottlenecks and limitations. In addition, the extraction of temporal characteristics is also hindered by the problem of global feature forgetting. To address these issues, we propose a global context-aware net using disease relationship reasoning and attention-based feature fusion, abbreviated as DRR. Our model incorporates a disease relationship reasoning module that enhances the model’s attention to the relationship between confirmed diseases and low-risk diseases, thereby alleviating the current model’s bottlenecks. Moreover, we have established a global graph-based feature fusion module that integrates global graph-based features with temporal features, mitigating the issue of global feature forgetting. Extensive experiments were conducted on two publicly available datasets, and the experiments show that our method achieves advanced performance.
A Material Allocation Model for Public Health Emergency under a Multimodal Transportation Network by Considering the Demand Priority and Psychological Pain
Authors: Weng Xun , Duan Shuyao , Zhang Jingtian , Fan Hongqiang
Published: February 2024

In a public health emergency, residents urgently require a large number of rescue materials for treatment or protection. These rescue materials are usually located far from the emergency area. The government must organize rescue materials transportation by selecting suitable transport modes. Thus, we propose a material allocation model for public health emergencies under a multimodal transportation network to determine the best rescue material supply route. In this model, we set the demand priorities according to the emergency degrees to decide the transportation sequence. Meanwhile, we introduce the psychological pain cost brought by the rescue material shortage into the proposed model to trade off the priority and fairness of demand. Having compared it to the research literature, this is the first study that considers multiple categories of materials, absolute pain costs, relative pain costs and demand priority under multimodal transportation. The research problem is formulated into an integer programming model, and we develop a modified genetic algorithm to solve it. A set of numerical examples are conducted to test the performance of the proposed algorithm, and to investigate features and applications of the proposed model. The results indicate that the modified genetic algorithm performs better in the calculation examples at different scales. For small-scale instances, the algorithm produces consistent results with Gurobi. As the instance size increases, Gurobi fails to find the optimal solution within 1800 s, while this algorithm is able to find the optimal solution within an acceptable time frame. Additionally, when dealing with large-scale instances, the algorithm exhibits a significant advantage in terms of runtime. Sensitivity analysis of key factors indicate that (1) Adjusting the relative pain cost coefficient can make the best trade-off between fairness, economy and timeliness; (2) Compared with a single mode of transport, multimodal transport can reduce the psychological pain cost and the logistics cost; (3) Improving the loading and unloading capacity of nodes can reduce the delivery time of materials and the psychological pain cost of residents, but the influence of other factors and cost-effectiveness need to be considered.
Utilization of a Genetic Algorithm to Identify Optimal Geometric Shapes for a Seismic Protective Barrier
Authors: Bratov Vladimir , Murachev Andrey , Kuznetsov Sergey V.
Published: February 2024

The utilization of seismic barriers for protection against the hazardous impact of natural or technogenic waves is an extremely promising emerging technology to secure buildings, structures and entire areas against earthquake-generated seismic waves, high-speed-transport-induced vibrations, etc. The current research is targeted at studying the effect of seismic-barrier shape on the reduction of seismic-wave magnitudes within the protected region. The analytical solution of Lamb’s problem was used to verify the adopted numerical approach. It was demonstrated that the addition of complementary geometric features to a simple barrier shape provides the possibility of significantly increasing the resulting seismic protection. A simple genetic algorithm was employed to evaluate the nontrivial but extremely effective geometry of the seismic barrier. The developed approach can be used in various problems requiring optimization of non-parameterizable geometric shapes. The applicability of genetic algorithms and other generative algorithms to discover optimal (or close to optimal) geometric configurations for the essentially multiscale problems of the interaction of mechanical waves with inclusions is discussed.
Analysis of Meshfree Galerkin Methods Based on Moving Least Squares and Local Maximum-Entropy Approximation Schemes
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Wang Hao , Li Bo
Published: February 2024

Over the last two decades, meshfree Galerkin methods have become increasingly popular in solid and fluid mechanics applications. A variety of these methods have been developed, each incorporating unique meshfree approximation schemes to enhance their performance. In this study, we examine the application of the Moving Least Squares and Local Maximum-Entropy (LME) approximations within the framework of Optimal Transportation Meshfree for solving Galerkin boundary-value problems. We focus on how the choice of basis order and the non-negativity, as well as the weak Kronecker-delta properties of shape functions, influence the performance of numerical solutions. Through comparative numerical experiments, we evaluate the efficiency, accuracy, and capabilities of these two approximation schemes. The decision to use one method over the other often hinges on factors like computational efficiency and resource management, underscoring the importance of carefully considering the specific attributes of the data and the intrinsic nature of the problem being addressed.
A Budget Constraint Incentive Mechanism Based on Risk Preferences of Collaborators in Edge Computing
Authors: Li Deng , Hao Rongtao , Wei Zhenyan , Liu Jiaqi
Published: February 2024

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a new distributed computing method based on the mobile communication network. It can provide cloud services and an IT service environment for application developers and service providers at the edge of the network. Computation offloading is a crucial technology of edge computing. However, computation offloading will consume the resources of the edge devices, and therefore the edge devices will not offload computation unconditionally. In addition, the service quality of edge computing applications is related to the cooperation rate of edge devices. Therefore, it is essential to design an appropriate incentive mechanism to motivate edge devices to execute computation offloading. However, the current existing incentive mechanisms have two problems: Firstly, existing mechanisms do not account for probability distortions under uncertainty in collaborator utility valuation models. Secondly, the platform ignores the risk preferences of collaborators in multiple rounds of decision-making. To address these issues, we propose an incentive mechanism based on risk preference, IMRP. The IMRP considers the collaborator’s probability distortion, introduces an uncertain utility bonus scheme, and builds a probability distortion model to influence the collaborator’s willingness to offload tasks. The IMRP also considers the collaborator’s risk preference and builds the collaborator’s risk preference model to influence the collaborator’s bidding decision. Simulation results show that our mechanism effectively improves the cooperation rate of edge devices and the utility of the requester.
Cluster Size Intelligence Prediction System for Young Women’s Clothing Using 3D Body Scan Data
Authors: Tan Zhengtang , Lin Shuang , Wang Zebin
Published: February 2024

This study adopts a data-driven methodology to address the challenge of garment fitting for individuals with diverse body shapes. Focusing on young Chinese women aged 18–25 from Central China, we utilized the German VITUS SMART LC3 3D body scanning technology to measure 62 body parts pertinent to fashion design on a sample of 220 individuals. We then employed a hybrid approach, integrating the circumference difference classification method with the characteristic value classification method, and applied the K-means clustering algorithm to categorize these individuals into four distinct body shape groups based on cluster center analysis. Building upon these findings, we formulated specific linear regression models for key body parts associated with each body shape category. This led to the development of an intelligent software capable of automatically calculating the dimensions of 28 body parts and accurately determining the body shape type for young Central Chinese women. Our research underscores the significant role of intelligent predictive systems in the realm of fashion design, particularly within a data-driven framework. The system we have developed offers precise body measurements and classification outcomes, empowering businesses to create garments that more accurately conform to the wearer’s body, thus enhancing both the fit and aesthetic value of the clothing.
Analytical Solutions of Systems of Linear Delay Differential Equations by the Laplace Transform: Featuring Limit Cycles
Authors: Kerr Gilbert , Lopez Nehemiah , González-Parra Gilberto
Published: February 2024

In this paper we develop an approach for obtaining the solutions to systems of linear retarded and neutral delay differential equations. Our analytical approach is based on the Laplace transform, inverse Laplace transform and the Cauchy residue theorem. The obtained solutions have the form of infinite non-harmonic Fourier series. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the closed-form of the solutions, which are capable of accurately evaluating the solution at any time. Moreover, it allows one to study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions. A remarkable discovery, which to the best of our knowledge has never been presented in the literature, is that there are some particular linear systems of both retarded and neutral delay differential equations for which the solution asymptotically approaches a limit cycle. The well-known method of steps in many cases is unable to obtain the asymptotic behavior of the solution and would most likely fail to detect such cycles. Examples illustrating the Laplace transform method for linear systems of DDEs are presented and discussed. These examples are designed to facilitate a discussion on how the spectral properties of the matrices determine the manner in which one proceeds and how they impact the behavior of the solution. Comparisons with the exact solution provided by the method of steps are presented. Finally, we should mention that the solutions generated by the Laplace transform are, in most instances, extremely accurate even when the truncated series is limited to only a handful of terms and in many cases become more accurate as the independent variable increases.
Comparison of Fusion Rates among Various Demineralized Bone Matrices in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Ham Dae-Woong , Kwon Ohsang , Park Joon-Hee , Yoon Youngsang , Kim Ho-Joong
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) plays a crucial role in addressing various spinal disorders. The success of PLIF is contingent upon achieving bone fusion, as failure can lead to adverse clinical outcomes. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has emerged as a promising solution for promoting fusion due to its unique combination of osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three distinct DBMs (Exfuse®, Bongener®, and Bonfuse®) in achieving fusion rates in PLIF surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 236 consecutive patients undergoing PLIF between September 2016 and February 2019. Patients over 50 years old with degenerative lumbar disease, receiving DBM, and following up for more than 12 months after surgery were included. Fusion was evaluated using the Bridwell grading system. Bridwell grades 1 and 2 were defined as ‘fusion’, while grades 3 and 4 were considered ‘non-fusion.’ Clinical outcomes were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the European quality of life-5 (EQ-5D). Results: Fusion rates were 88.3% for Exfuse, 94.3% for Bongener, and 87.7% for Bonfuse, with no significant differences. All groups exhibited significant improvement in clinical outcomes at 12 months after surgery, but no significant differences were observed among the three groups. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in fusion rates and clinical outcomes among Exfuse, Bongener, and Bonfuse in PLIF surgery.
Coagulation Profile in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Papadogeorgou Paraskevi , Valsami Serena , Boutsikou Maria , Pergantou Eleni , Mantzou Aimilia , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Iliodromiti Zoi , Sokou Rozeta , Bouza Elena , Politou Marianna , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Boutsikou Theodora
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: congenital heart disease (CHD), cyanotic and, to a lesser degree, acyanotic, often are accompanied by coagulation abnormalities, impacting substantially morbidity and mortality. Until now, no consistent hemostatic patterns have been demonstrated in neonates and children with CHD because they represent a variable and heterogenous population. The aim of the present study is to investigate the hemostatic profile, as well as the role of ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type-1 motives), the cleaving protein of von Willebrand factor (VWF) in neonates with CHD and compare them to healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: twenty neonates with a mean gestational age of 37.1 ± 2.5 weeks were included in the CHD group, and 18 healthy neonates with a mean gestational age of 38.2 ± 1.5 weeks were in the control group. Results: prothrombin time was significantly prolonged, and accordingly, factor VII (FVII) levels were significantly decreased in the CHD group in comparison to controls. Factor VIII (FVIII), VWF, and ristocetin cofactor activity (Rcof) levels were significantly higher in the study vs. control group. Concentrations of ADAMTS-13 were decreased in the CHD vs. control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Our results, in combination, indicate a balanced hemostatic mechanism, although with greater variability in neonates with CHD, while developmental aspects of coagulation are evident in the specific patient population. Conclusions: the coagulation profile is moderately impaired early in the course of CHD, though increased thrombogenicity is already present and should not be ignored.