bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
789 Role of Speech Therapy (SLP) in the rehabilitation of a complicated case of glossoparesis (GP)
Authors: Shaw Janet , Wilson Joan
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Glossoparesis is defined as a neurodegenerative process resulting in progressive dysphagia and dysarthria. The deinervation of the tongue and related structures results in flaccid muscle function unilaterally and bilaterally, this process is difficult to treat and rehabilitate and prognosis is considered poor. We encountered this in a patient that had a complicated case of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) that arose from an abscessed tooth.

The purpose of this case report is to summarize the overall approach to a rehabilitation plan which resulted in successful return to speech and partial swallow.

Methods

The patient was diagnosed with an abscessed tooth which resulted in Necrotizing fasciitis of the face, neck and chest. Multiple surgical interventions resulted in removal of necrotic tissue and reconstructive interventions were implemented. Initial prognosis of return of function was noted as “poor” per ENT services. Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist noted that prognosis for recovery of function is unknown but was low.

Speech Therapy was also consulted and an individualized plan of care to address the deficits assessed was developed. Initial prognosis of return of functional speech / swallow was guarded. It was felt to be highly appropriate to provide the patient with therapeutic options.

Speech Therapy sessions included use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation, Thermal Stimulation, Tactile Stimulation, Therapeutic Massage to affected regions, Deep Pharyngeal Neuromuscular Stimulation, finger occlusion trials for speech production attempts to ready patient for use of Passy Muir Valve, Oral Motor Exercises, Laryngeal Elevation Tasks, Vocal Stretching / Relaxation tasks and oral trials of ice chips as musculature function improved.

Results

Through the use of these multiple modalities of skilled speech therapy intervention, the patient had return of functional verbal communication prior to discharge to a skilled rehabilitation program.

Conclusions

Upon initial evaluation, the true potential for return of function was questioned. It is paramount that patient be given an opportunity to succeed - to be included in the plan of care - to be provided with opportunities to return to their prior level of function or as close as possible. There is little to no research regarding return of function for patients affected by glossoparesis.
791 Occupational Therapy in Operating Room An Emerging and Distinct Role in Collaborative Burn Care Practice
Authors: Espelita Allen R
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Numerous health professions face challenges and opportunities resulting in increasing contexts for service delivery. One element of this changing landscape for occupational therapy is the ongoing development and delivery of services in new or underdeveloped practice settings, often identified as emerging practice (Holmes & Scaffa, 2009). Often, occupational therapy practitioners work on interprofessional teams. Articulating occupational therapy's distinct value is necessary to communicate with clarity to those outside of the profession. According to the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) Vision 2025, As an inclusive profession, occupational therapy maximizes health, well-being, and quality of life for all people, populations, and communities through effective solutions that facilitate participation in everyday living. One of the pillars identified in the AOTA 2025 vision is Collaboration: Occupational therapy excels in working with clients and systems to produce effective outcomes (AOTA, 2017).

Methods

Through the initiative of one of the surgeons, she collaboratively integrated Occupational Therapy in the OR during the debridement and skin grafting process. While the patient is on sedation, the surgeon allowed OT to facilitate a range of motion, allowing optimal range of motion (ROM). The focus of the management in the acute phase of burn rehabilitation is the preservation of function through the prevention of deformities. Using a case study, the therapist's clinical and professional reasoning concerning a client's occupational performance (AOTA, 2020 p.20).

Results

Occupational therapy specialists use theoretical principles and models, knowledge about the outcomes of disorders on participation, and existing evidence on the efficacy of interventions to guide their reasoning. Understanding this distinct role as an occupational therapist should start from the beginning of burn care management among patients with burns inside the operating room. Having said all this, our Rehabilitation Department Burn Therapy Team was allowed to learn the introductory course in scrubbing, gowning, and gloving for healthcare professionals.

Conclusions

The idea of health care teams working together is not new. However, applying a culture of transformation, where concepts such as patient safety, mutual respect, shared decision making, and patient centered care are the norm, remains a novel and often fleeting idea in most burn care facilities (Sexton & Baessler, 2016).
795 Autologous skin cell suspension application for toxic epidermal necrolysis: a case report
Authors: Pang Alan , Pham Theophilus , Felan Sarah , Raghuram Akshay , Terry Michelle , Bharadia Deepak , Griswold John A
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a drug-mediated disease which occurs at the same level of a partial thickness thermal injury. It has been treated with frequent dressing changes and supportive care as there are no definitive therapies. The pathophysiology involves necrosis of keratinocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction leading to sloughing of the epidermis and sub-epidermal bullae. Patients have massive fluid and electrolyte dysregulation due to chronic wounds that are susceptible to infection. This case report describes the application of autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) to a patient with TEN. His hospital course included arrest of the disease process, timely closure of the wound, and minimal wound care. To our knowledge, this is the first case of TEN treated with ASCS.

Methods

The patient was mechanically debrided with a water scalpel hydrosurgery system to remove all devitalized tissue. A donor graft for ASCS was then obtained at standard depth from unaffected skin at the ankle and was processed in the standard fashion and applied to the wound. Clear plastic dressing with a non-adherent, antibiotic impregnated cloth dressing followed by dry non-shear dressing were then applied to the torso. Extremities were dressed in clear plastic dressing, antibiotic impregnated cloth dressing, zinc paste impregnated cloth, dry gauze roll, and elastic compression bandage. This was performed over the patient’s anterior surface and subsequently on the posterior one week later. Dressings were taken down on post-operative day (POD) 6 and replaced as appropriate.

Results

The patient demonstrated 60% closure of wounds on his anterior torso at POD 6. By POD 8, the patient's anterior torso and face were completely closed. His second application of ASCS to his posterior closed in a similar timeline. The patient was discharged on POD 16 from his initial intervention with 2% total body surface area open. At POD 30, his wounds were healed with the return of a large portion of pigmentation.

Conclusions

TEN is a rare, high-mortality disease without efficacious therapy. Given that the wounds are at a similar level to a partial thickness burn, ASCS could be a new intervention which could mitigate open wounds, frequent dressing changes, prolonged hospital stays, and mortality.
800 Immediate/Ultra-Early v. Early Burn Excision: A Systematic Review of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Lagziel Tomer , Cemaj Sophie L , Mafla Laura M , Karius Alexander K , Hultman Charles S
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This is a systematic review which seeks to establish if immediate/ultra-early excision (immediate: < 24 hours, ultra-early: 24 - 72 hours) and grafting is better or equivalent to early excision and grafting (early: 72 hours - 6 days) in adults with major burns. The concept of early excision and grafting, as opposed to late excision (late: >7 days), was introduced by Cope et al. and later popularized by Janzekovic in the 1970s when she introduced the concept of tangential excision. Delaying excision 24 to 48 hours has previously been thought to allow resuscitation and correction of physiologic derangements to optimize outcomes. However, timing for excision and grafting is subject to debate. The outcomes of interest include mortality, length of stay, complication rates, wound healing time, infection rates, physiologic demand, blood loss, and resting energy expenditure.

Methods

In this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies that compared outcomes and complications between burn patients with ultra-early and early excisions. From this search, we screened 4235 articles. Through our selection criteria, five articles focusing on timing of burn excision were selected for systematic review.

Results

Five studies observing a total of 382 burn patients, published between 1995 and 2016, were included. All five studies are cohort studies, three were prospective studies while two were retrospective chart reviews. Two studies showed decreased length of stay with immediate/ultra-early excision (Still, Keshavarzi) and decreased time to healing with immediate/ultra-early excision (Guo, Lu). One study demonstrated decreased infection and mortality in ultra-early excision (Keshavarzi). One study demonstrated decreased resting energy expenditure in the ultra-early excision group (Gao). One study showed a decrease in blood transfusion in the immediate/ultra-early excision group (Guo). Both the Guo and Gao studies suggest that concerns over excision during the burn shock period may be unfounded provided that the patient is adequately resuscitated.

Conclusions

Studies investigating the immediate/ultra-early excision of burns tend to show improved outcomes for adults with major burns. It is difficult to attain conclusive data due to the lack in overlap of reported outcomes in modern studies. More studies are needed which compare outcomes in adults with major burns between immediate/ultra-early excision and early excision.
806 Foot burns in diabetic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Choi Katherine J , Pham Christopher H , Sheckter Clifford C , Collier Zachary J , Yenikomshian Haig A , Garner Warren L , Gillenwater Justin
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Patients with diabetes are prone to foot injuries and burns. Managing burned feet in patients with diabetes can be difficult due to multiple concomitant patient comorbidities that delay wound healing. Burn surgeons tasked with treating these complex foot burns understand that these patients are at risk of developing significant complications, such as infections and non-healing diabetic foot ulcers, which may ultimately lead to amputation. Although there are many studies that examine the causes and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers and their management, there is a lack of consensus on how to best manage lower extremity burns in patients with diabetes.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA criteria and identified 18 articles addressing the management of burned feet in patients with diabetes. Means and standard deviations of scale variables and frequencies derived from nominal and ordinal variables abstracted from the literature were compared between each group. A meta-analysis was attempted but existing data was not of sufficient quality for meaningful analysis, and data aggregation was done where applicable.

Results

The three-database search identified 726 articles, which yielded 18 full text articles that met inclusion criteria. mean age of patients was 54 years (SD 7), and 80% (n=203) were male. Most (90%, n=179) had type II diabetes, and 10% (n=20) had Type I diabetes. Mean duration of diabetic disease was 11 years (SD 4), and mean A1c at admission was 9% (SD 1). Peripheral neuropathy (64%, n=123) was the most common comorbidity. Median TBSA burned was 2% (IQR 2), and scald (56%, n=155) was the most common mechanism of injury. Full thickness burns (70%, n=102) were most common, followed by partial thickness (28%, n=41), and superficial thickness (2%, n=2). A majority (55%, n=88) had burn wound infection identified at admission. Patients had a median delay in presentation from time of injury to hospital admission of 4 days (IQR 4.5). Sixty percent of patients received surgical treatment via excision and grafting, had a median length-of-stay of 20.5 days despite a median total body surface area involvement of 2%, and experienced sequelae of impaired wound healing such as infections, graft loss, and need for further surgery. Ultimately, 23% of patients had significant wound healing issues that resulted in amputation.

Conclusions

Excision and grafting may not be the optimal approach for managing foot burns in patients with diabetes, many of whom are at high risk of amputation. Non-operative management of foot burns in patients with diabetes should be explored as a method to decrease amputations in patients with foot burns.
811 Statistical Analyses of Multiple Burn Wounds within an Animal
Authors: Grantham Lonnie E , Jockheck-Clark Angela R , Scott Laura L
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Porcine animal models are frequently used to study the effects of various burn wound treatments and conditions. In these studies, multiple wounds are created on the dorsum of an anesthetized pig. Wounds within an animal are correlated, and the analysis of such a design should account for this dependence. Two recent studies are used as examples to illustrate the use of random effects for animal to account for the dependence of wound measurements within each pig.

Methods

In both studies, treatments were randomized to wound location, and neither contained repeated measurements within a wound.

Study #1 investigated the effectiveness of enzymatic debridement. Forty 3-cm diameter partial-thickness burn wounds were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs, arranged in 4 rows and 10 columns. Dorsal quadrants with 10 wounds each were created by combinations of two conditions: wounds that were wet or dry and wounds that were treated for either 72 or 96 hours. Debridement Efficiency Scores were calculated for each wound and evaluated for differences by inferential statistical comparisons between experimental treatments and conditions. The multilevel statistical model contained Treatment Group (5 levels), Treatment Time (2 levels: 72 hour and 96 hour), and Wet/Dry Condition (2 levels) as fixed effects, which were crossed to create a 3-way block, resulting in 2 wounds per animal for each Treatment, Wet/Dry, and Time combination. Random effects of animal and treatment block within animal were included in the model.

Study #2 investigated the effectiveness of an experimental treatment applied at 3 different post-burn injury time points versus a standard of care (SOC). Up to 12 5-cm2 deep partial thickness wounds were created in 2 rows and 6 columns on each dorsum of 6 anesthetized pigs. Each treated wound was compared with a SOC wound located along the same cranio-caudal axis. Paired differences for wound closure % were calculated and analyzed with time as a fixed effect with a random effect for animal.

Results

For Study #1, there were 200 total wounds, and for Study #2 there were 72 total wounds. These experimental units are not independent, as required by statistical testing. For both studies, there was graphical evidence that the burn wound measurements differed both within and between pigs. The statistical tests accounted for this variability by incorporating the effects due to pigs.

Conclusions

Matching the statistical model to the experimental design is critical for correct interpretation of the results. Failure to use the correct model by assuming wounds within a pig are independent (and thereby ignoring any effect due to the pig) will result in erroneous statistical test results and less powerful tests of treatment differences.
Grade Migration of Prostate Cancer in the United States During the Last Decade
Authors: Borregales Leonardo D , DeMeo Gina , Gu Xiangmei , Cheng Emily , Dudley Vanessa , Schaeffer Edward M , Nagar Himanshu , Carlsson Sigrid , Vickers Andrew , Hu Jim C
Published: March 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PC) screening guidelines have changed over the last decade to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-grade disease. We sought to examine and attempt to explain how changes in screening strategies have impacted temporal trends in Gleason grade group (GG) PC at diagnosis and radical prostatectomy pathology.

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry database, we identified 438 432 men with newly diagnosed PC during 2010-2018. Temporal trends in incidence of GG at biopsy, radical prostatectomy pathology, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and metastasis at diagnosis were examined. The National Health Interview Survey database was examined to evaluate trends in PSA-screening rates, and a literature review evaluating magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers utilization during this period was performed.

Results

Between 2010 and 2018, the incidence of low-grade PC (GG1) decreased from 52 to 26 cases per 100 000 (P < .001). The incidence of GG1 as a proportion of all PC decreased from 47% to 32%, and the proportion of GG1 at radical prostatectomy pathology decreased from 32% to 10% (P < .001). However, metastases at diagnosis increased from 3.0% to 5.2% (P < .001). During 2010-2013, PSA screening rates in men aged 50-74 years declined from 39 to 32 per 100 men and remained stable. Utilization rates of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers modestly increased from 7.2% in 2012 to 17% in 2019 and 1.3% in 2012 to 13% in 2019, respectively.

Conclusions

We found a significant decrease in the diagnosis and treatment of GG1 PC between 2010 and 2018. Changes in PSA screening practices appear as the primary contributor. Public health efforts should be directed toward addressing the increase in the diagnoses of metastatic PC.
Cost-effective and accurate interlaminar stress modeling of composite Kirchhoff plates via immersed isogeometric analysis and equilibrium
Authors: Patton Alessia , Carraturo Massimo , Auricchio Ferdinando , Reali Alessandro
Published: March 2022

The interest for composites has constantly grown in recent years, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries, as they can be moulded in complex form and geometry, as well as exhibit enhanced engineering properties. Nevertheless, despite the accelerated diffusion of laminated composites, the design of these materials is often restrained by the lack of cost-effective modeling techniques. In fact, the existing numerical strategies allowing for cheap simulations of laminated structures usually fail to directly capture out-of-plane through-the-thickness stresses, which are typically responsible for failure modes such as delamination. In this context, a stress recovery approach based on equilibrium has been recently shown to be an efficient modeling strategy in the framework of isogeometric analysis. Since immersed approaches like the finite cell method have been proven to be a viable alternative to mesh-conforming discretization for dealing with complex/dirty geometries as well as trimmed surfaces, we herein propose to extend the stress recovery approach combining the finite cell method, isogeometric analysis and equilibrium to model the out-of-plane behavior of Kirchhoff laminated plates. Extensive numerical tests showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Modeling intracellular transport and traffic jam in 3D neurons using PDE-constrained optimization
Authors: Li Angran , Zhang Yongjie Jessica
Published: March 2022

The intracellular transport process plays an important role in delivering essential materials throughout branched geometries of neurons for their survival and function. Many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with the disruption of transport. Therefore, it is essential to study how neurons control the transport process to localize materials to necessary locations. Here, we develop a novel optimization model to simulate the traffic regulation mechanism of material transport in three-dimensional complex geometries of neurons. The transport is controlled to avoid traffic jams of materials by minimizing a predefined objective function. The optimization subjects to a set of partial differential equation (PDE) constraints that describe the material transport process based on a macroscopic molecular-motor-assisted transport model of intracellular particles. The proposed PDE-constrained optimization model is solved in complex tree structures by using the isogeometric analysis. Different simulation parameters are used to introduce traffic jams and study how neurons handle the transport issue. Specifically, we successfully model and explain the traffic jam caused by the reduced number of microtubules (MTs) and MT swirls. In summary, our model effectively simulates the material transport process in healthy neurons and also explains the formation of a traffic jam in abnormal neurons. Our results demonstrate that both geometry and MT structure play important roles in achieving an optimal transport process in neurons.
Small bowel obstruction due to Roux-en-Y enterolith 13 years following deceased donor liver transplantation: a case report
Authors: Shamaa Tayseer M , Elsabbagh Ahmed , Yoshida Atsushi , Nagai Shunji , Patton Joe H , Abouljoud Marwan
Published: March 2022

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive, cholestatic liver disease, and liver transplantation (LT) is considered the only therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease secondary to PSC. Intestinal obstruction in adults after LT surgery is a rare complication with diverse clinical presentations. The most common etiology is intestinal adhesions, but this can also result from other rare causes such as enterolith. We describe the first case report of small bowel obstruction secondary to biliary stone formation in the common limb of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy 13 years after the deceased donor LT. The patient failed initial conservative management and developed peritonitis, requiring urgent surgical exploration to remove the enterolith and resect the involved small bowel. In conclusion, small bowel obstructions due to enteroliths are unusual clinical complications following LT, which require a high degree of suspicion in patients who develop a bowel obstruction in the setting of a previous hepaticojejunostomy.
Humeral metastases: an unusual presentation of pancreatic cancer
Authors: McCafferty Jonathan A , Free Matthew D , De Villiers Daniel J , Keith Prue P A
Published: March 2022

In patients presenting with symptomatic bone metastases, the usual primary malignancies are breast, prostate, thyroid, lung and kidney. Pancreatic cancers are an uncommon cause of bone metastasis and, when they are, it is typically to the axial skeleton. We present the case of a 77-year-old woman who presented to our emergency department with right arm pain. Investigation demonstrated a metastatic lesion with impending pathological fracture. Further investigation found a necrotic pancreatic mass in the tail of the pancreas. Histopathology from the humeral metastasis was consistent with metastatic adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreatic origin. The humerus metastasis was successfully managed with an intramedullary nail. This case highlights an unusual presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with humeral bone metastasis.
Gravity-driven filamentary flow in molecular clouds
Authors: Naranjo-Romero Raúl , Vázquez-Semadeni Enrique , Loughnane Robert M
Published: March 2022

We present a numerical study of the gravity-driven filamentary flow arising in the presence of elongated perturbations embedded in a globally gravitationally unstable medium. We perform idealized simulations of the gravitational collapse of a moderate filamentary perturbation with a central enhancement (a core) embedded in either a uniform or a stratified background. Both simulations maintain the filamentary structure during the collapse, developing a hierarchical accretion flow from the cloud to the filament, and from the filament to the core. Only the stratified simulation produces a flat central density profile of filaments, best matching the observed Plummer-like profiles, supporting suggestions that molecular clouds may be preferentially flattened. The flow changes direction smoothly from the cloud to the filament, with no density divergence nor a shock developing at the filament’s axis during the prestellar evolution. The drainage of material by the filament-to-core accretion slows down the growth of the filament, causing the ratio of the core’s central density to the filament’s axial density to increase in time, and to diverge at the time when a singularity (protostar) forms in the core. We argue that the system should evolve towards a stationary state in which the filament-to-core accretion balances the cloud-to-filament one, and search for it in the simulations, but find no unambiguous evidence. However, we find that, after a period of accelerated increase, the filament’s linear mass density reaches a linear growth rate. The stationary state may be approached during the protostellar stage.
SIRIUS Project – V. Formation of off-centre ionized bubbles associated with Orion Nebula Cluster
Authors: Fujii Michiko S , Hattori Kohei , Wang Long , Hirai Yutaka , Kumamoto Jun , Shimajiri Yoshito , Saitoh Takayuki R
Published: March 2022

Massive stars born in star clusters terminate star cluster formation by ionizing the surrounding gas. This process is considered to be prevalent in young star clusters containing massive stars. The Orion Nebula is an excellent example associated with a forming star cluster including several massive stars (the Orion Nebula Cluster, ONC) and a 2-pc-sized H ii region (ionized bubble) opening towards the observer; however, the other side is still covered with dense molecular gas. Recent astrometric data acquired by the Gaia satellite revealed the stellar kinematics in this region. By comparing these data with star cluster formation simulation results, we demonstrate that massive stars born in the ONC centre were ejected via three-body encounters. Further, orbit analysis indicates that θ2 Ori A, the second massive star in this region, was ejected from the ONC centre towards the observer and is now returning to the cluster centre. Such ejected massive stars can form a hole in the dense molecular cloud and contribute to the formation of the 2-pc bubble. Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of massive stars are essential for the formation of star clusters and H ii regions that are not always centred by massive stars.
The effects of LMC-mass environments on their dwarf satellite galaxies in the FIRE simulations
Authors: Jahn Ethan D , Sales Laura V , Wetzel Andrew , Samuel Jenna , El-Badry Kareem , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Bullock James S
Published: March 2022

Characterizing the predicted environments of dwarf galaxies like the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is becoming increasingly important as next-generation surveys push sensitivity limits into this low-mass regime at cosmological distances. We study the environmental effects of LMC-mass haloes (M200m ∼ 1011 M⊙) on their populations of satellites (M⋆ ≥ 104 M⊙) using a suite of zoom-in simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. Our simulations predict significant hot coronas with T ∼ 105 K and Mgas ∼ 109.5 M⊙. We identify signatures of environmental quenching in dwarf satellite galaxies, particularly for satellites with intermediate mass (M⋆ = 106–107 M⊙). The gas content of such objects indicates ram pressure as the likely quenching mechanism, sometimes aided by star formation feedback. Satellites of LMC-mass hosts replicate the stellar mass dependence of the quiescent fraction found in satellites of Milky Way-mass hosts (i.e. that the quiescent fraction increases as stellar mass decreases). Satellites of LMC-mass hosts have a wider variety of quenching times when compared to the strongly bimodal distribution of quenching times of nearby centrals. Finally, we identify significant tidal stellar structures around four of our six LMC analogues, suggesting that stellar streams may be common. These tidal features originated from satellites on close orbits, extend to ∼80 kpc from the central galaxy, and contain ∼106–107 M⊙ of stars.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: growth rate of structure measurement from cosmic voids
Authors: Aubert Marie , Cousinou Marie-Claude , Escoffier Stéphanie , Hawken Adam J , Nadathur Seshadri , Alam Shadab , Bautista Julian , Burtin Etienne , Chuang Chia-Hsun , de la Macorra Axel , de Mattia Arnaud , Gil-Marín Héctor , Hou Jiamin , Jullo Eric , Kneib Jean-Paul , Neveux Richard , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald , Smith Alex , Tamone Amélie , Vargas Magaña Mariana , Zhao Cheng
Published: March 2022

We present a void clustering analysis in configuration-space using the completed Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) DR16 samples. These samples consist of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) combined with the high-redshift tail of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) DR12 CMASS galaxies (called as LRG+CMASS sample), Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs), and quasars (QSOs). We build void catalogues from the three eBOSS DR16 samples using a ZOBOV-based algorithm, providing 2814 voids, 1801 voids, and 4347 voids in the LRG+CMASS, ELG, and QSO samples, respectively, spanning the redshift range 0.6 < z < 2.2. We measure the redshift space distortions around voids using the anisotropic void-galaxy cross-correlation function and we extract the distortion parameter β. We test the methodology on realistic simulations before applying it to the data, and we investigate all our systematic errors on these mocks. We find βLRG(z = 0.74) = 0.415 ± 0.087, βELG(z = 0.85) = 0.665 ± 0.125 and βQSO(z = 1.48) = 0.313 ± 0.134, for the LRG+CMASS, ELG, and QSO sample, respectively. The quoted errors include systematic and statistical contributions. In order to convert our measurements in terms of the growth rate fσ8, we use consensus values of linear bias from the eBOSS DR16 companion papers, resulting in the following constraints: fσ8(z = 0.74) = 0.50 ± 0.11, fσ8(z = 0.85) = 0.52 ± 0.10, and fσ8(z = 1.48) = 0.30 ± 0.13. Our measurements are consistent with other measurements from eBOSS DR16 using conventional clustering techniques.
Refined modelling of the radio SZ signal: kinematic terms, relativistic temperature corrections, and anisotropies in the radio background
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Chluba Jens , Holder Gilbert P
Published: March 2022

A significant cosmological radio background will inevitably lead to a radio Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect. In the simplest limit, the combined signal from the scattered radio and cosmic microwave background exhibits a null at around ν ≃ 735 MHz. Here, we show that kinematic and relativistic temperature corrections to this radio SZ signal are easily calculable. We treat both the cluster and observer motion, and the scattering of anisotropies in the radio background, highlighting how the spectrum of the radio SZ effect is affected in each case. Although relativistic temperature corrections only enter at the level of a few per cent, our expressions allow high-precision modelling of these terms. By measuring the SZ signal around the radio null, one is in principle able to place constraints on the properties of a cosmological radio background. A combination with standard SZ measurements from large cluster samples could provide a promising avenue towards breaking degeneracies between different contributions. Stacking analyses can reduce the effect of kinematic corrections and dipolar anisotropies in the radio background, thereby providing a way to constrain the redshift dependence of the average radio background. Our qualitative discussion is meant to give an analytic understanding of the various effects and also motivate further studies with the aim to obtain quantitative forecasts of their observability. At this stage, a detection of the corrections seems rather futuristic, but the advent of large SZ and X-ray cluster samples could drastically improve our ability to disentangle various effects.
Improved early-warning estimates of luminosity distance and orbital inclination of compact binary mergers using higher modes of gravitational radiation
Authors: Singh Mukesh Kumar , Divyajyoti  , Kapadia Shasvath J , Shaikh Md Arif , Ajith Parameswaran
Published: March 2022

The pre-merger (early-warning) gravitational-wave (GW) detection and localization of a compact binary merger would enable astronomers to capture potential electromagnetic (EM) emissions around the time of the merger, thus shedding light on the complex physics of the merger. While early detection and sky localization are of primary importance to the multimessenger follow-up, improved estimates of luminosity distance and orbital inclination could also provide insights on the observability of EM emission. In this work, we demonstrate that the inclusion of higher modes of gravitational radiation, which vibrate at higher multiples of the orbital frequency than the dominant mode, would significantly improve the early-warning estimates of the luminosity distance and orbital inclination of asymmetric compact binaries, in particular, neutron-star black hole mergers. This will help astronomers to better determine their follow-up strategy of such systems. Focusing on future observing runs of the ground-based GW detectors, we show that for neutron-star black hole binaries that are potentially EM-bright, the inclusion of higher modes improves the luminosity distance estimates by a factor of ∼1 − 1.5 (1.1 − 2) [1.1 − 5] for the O5 (Voyager) [3G] observing scenario, 45 (45) [300] s before the merger. There are significant improvements in orbital inclination estimates as well. We also investigate these improvements with varying sky-location and polarization angle. Combining the luminosity distance uncertainties with localization skyarea estimates, we find that the number of galaxies within localization volume is reduced by a factor of ∼1 − 2.5 (1.2 − 4) [1.2 − 10] with the inclusion of higher modes in O5 (Voyager) [3G].
Probing the shot behaviour in Cygnus X-1 using simultaneous AstroSat-NICER observation
Authors: Bhargava Yash , Hazra Nandini , Rao A R , Misra Ranjeev , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Roy Jayashree , Alam Md Shah
Published: March 2022

We analyse the aperiodic flaring features, also known as shots, observed in Cyg X-1 in the 0.1–80 keV energy band using a 6.39 ks simultaneous observation with AstroSat and Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER). We detect 49 simultaneous shots in the soft and hard X-ray bands with NICER and AstroSat-LAXPC, respectively. We observe the shot profile for the first time in soft X-rays (0.1–3 keV), which shows a spectral peak at ∼2 keV. Using time-averaged spectroscopy, we measured the truncation of the inner accretion disc at 6.7 ± 0.2 gravitational radii. The shot-phase-resolved spectroscopy allowed us to identify the origin of some of the brightest aperiodic peaks in the soft X-rays. We find that the accretion rate is consistent with a constant during the shots while the inner edge of the accretion disc moves inwards/outwards as these shots rise/decay. We discuss the possible mechanisms causing the swing in the inner radius.
Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by progesterone is attenuated by abnormal autophagy induction in endometriotic cyst stromal cells: implications for endometriosis
Authors: Choi JongYeob , Jo MinWha , Lee EunYoung , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Dong-Yun , Choi DooSeok
Published: March 2022

The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a cytosolic multi-protein complex that induces inflammation and is known to be regulated negatively by autophagy. Previous studies reported an abnormal induction of autophagy linked to progesterone resistance in human endometriotic cells. Therefore, an aberrant autophagy induction response to progesterone might contribute to the altered inflammatory response observed in endometriotic tissues. To evaluate this hypothesis, we elucidate whether regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ovarian steroids is mediated by autophagy in human endometrial stromal cells (normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs)) from patients with uterine leiomyoma (presumed normal) and whether abnormal autophagy induction in endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs) affects NLRP3 inflammasome-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Our results show that estrogen enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NESCs, resulting in increased IL-1β production. Progesterone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activity with an increase in autophagy induction in estrogen-treated NESCs. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity by progesterone was blocked by autophagy inhibition. However, progesterone failed to change NLRP3 inflammasome activity and autophagy induction in estrogen-treated ECSCs. In contrast, dienogest, a specific progesterone receptor agonist, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production through autophagy induction in ECSCs. Furthermore, autophagy induction was decreased and NLRP3 inflammasome activity was increased in endometriotic tissues, which was reversed by preoperative administration of dienogest. In conclusion, our results suggest that progesterone inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation through autophagy in endometrial stromal cells. However, this inhibitory effect is attenuated in endometriotic stromal cells due to an aberrant autophagic response to progesterone, which could lead to an altered inflammatory response in endometriosis.
Music Therapy Program Development for Pediatric Patients in a Medical Facility Awaiting Behavioral/Mental Health Placement
Authors: McWaters Sarah , Gettis Margaret , Bourne Joan
Published: March 2022

There is a growing need for support and treatment of individuals experiencing a mental health crisis, especially among the pediatric population. Pediatric patients in need of psychiatric stabilization have little access to supportive services during interim hospitalizations prior to psychiatric admission. The purpose of the evidence-based practice project was to assess if music therapy was an effective intervention to support pediatric behavioral/mental health (BMH) patients awaiting medical stabilization and psychiatric placement. Music therapy services were offered, consisting of interventions to promote positive coping and normalization and to decrease anxiety and behavioral outbursts in pediatric BMH patients. Pre- and post-behavioral states and characteristics of engagement demonstrated a beneficial change after the music therapy session(s) as evidenced by 88.5% of recorded patients reaching a positive behavioral state and 86.9% demonstrating a higher level of engagement. Music therapy was an effective intervention to support pediatric BMH patients awaiting medical stabilization and placement. The availability of music therapy services for BMH patients can produce positive effects for patients, families, and medical staff.
Aligning the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) histology groupings with current definitions
Authors: Waite Kristin A , Cioffi Gino , Kruchko Carol , Patil Nirav , Brat Daniel J , Bruner Janet M , McLendon Roger E , Tihan Tarik , Ostrom Quinn T , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S
Published: March 2022

Background

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) uses a histology grouping model based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications to group records for clinically relevant statistical reporting. Newly identified genetic markers more accurately stratify patients than histology alone and were incorporated into the 2016 update to the WHO Classification.

Methods

CBTRUS and consulting neuropathologists reviewed and aligned histology groupings with the 2016 WHO update. “Obsolete” (terms not currently in use) histology nomenclature along with their International Classification of Disease, Oncology 3rd edition (ICD-O-3) codes were identified, some histologies were reclassified to 2016 WHO, and new codes found in 2016 WHO were incorporated. An evaluation of the frequency of histology codes affected in the realignment process, and incidence and survival pre- and post-realignment was conducted.

Results

After review, 67 codes were noted as obsolete, 51 codes were reclassified, and 12 new codes were incorporated. Histology groups most affected were mesenchymal tumors and neuronal/mixed neuronal-glial tumors. Reorganization resulted in 2588 (0.65%) cases with grouping reassignment or reporting change, indicating that the 2016 WHO Classification revision has impacted the collection and reporting of primary brain and other CNS tumors.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the need to be responsive to changes in classification and coding in order to ensure the most up-to-date and accurate statistics for brain and CNS tumors. This will require collaboration from all stakeholders within the brain tumor community, so to have the ability to reconcile clinical practices and surveillance requirements.
Kimyrsa, An Oritavancin-Containing Product: Clinical Study and Review of Properties
Authors: Hoover Randall K , Krsak Martin , Molina Kyle C , Shah Kairav , Redell Mark
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a need for improved antibiotic formulations for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and soft structure infection (ABSSSI), especially with the rise of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria. A new formulation of oritavancin was developed to reduce intravenous infusion volume (from 1000 mL to 250 mL), shorten infusion time (from 3 hours to 1 hour), and provide pharmacies with flexibility in oritavancin preparation (from 5% dextrose in sterile water to either normal saline or 5% dextrose in sterile water) compared with the current formulation.

Methods

A total of 102 adult patients with a diagnosis of ABSSSI suspected or confirmed to be caused by a Gram-positive pathogen were randomized 1:1 to receive either the new formulation of oritavancin or the current formulation. After a single 1200-mg intravenous infusion of oritavancin, the relative area-under-the-curve exposure of the new formulation and current formulation groups were compared. Safety and tolerability of the new formulation were assessed for treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, and changes to laboratory parameters.

Results

The area under the curve for 0 hour to 72 hours postdose was very similar in the new formulation group compared with the current formulation group. No differences in treatment-emergent adverse events were observed between the current and new formulation groups, and all treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of the current formulation.

Conclusions

The new formulation of oritavancin with reduced volume and duration of intravenous infusion demonstrates a safety profile and pharmacokinetics similar to that of the original formulation.
Economic Burden of Fungal Diseases in the United States
Authors: Benedict Kaitlin , Whitham Hilary K , Jackson Brendan R
Published: March 2022

We conservatively estimated the US economic burden of fungal diseases as $11.5 billion in 2019: direct medical costs ($7.5 billion), productivity loss due to absenteeism ($870 million), and premature deaths ($3.2 billion). An alternative “value of statistical life” approach yielded >$48 billion. These are likely underestimates given underdiagnosis and underreporting.
Ibrutinib for Hospitalized Adults With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: Results of the Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled iNSPIRE Study
Authors: Coutre Steven E , Barnett Christopher , Osiyemi Olayemi , Hoda Daanish , Ramgopal Moti , Fort Alexander C , Qaqish Roula , Hu Yiran , Ninomoto Joi , Alami Negar N , Styles Lori , Treon Steven P
Published: March 2022

Background

Few therapies are approved for hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Ibrutinib, a once-daily Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, may mitigate COVID-19–induced lung damage by reducing inflammatory cytokines. The multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase 2 iNSPIRE study evaluated ibrutinib for prevention of respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods

Adult patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and supplemental oxygen but without respiratory failure were randomized 1:1 (stratified by remdesivir prescription) to ibrutinib 420 mg or placebo once daily for up to 28 days plus standard of care (SOC), including remdesivir and/or dexamethasone.

Results

Forty-six patients were randomized to ibrutinib plus SOC (n = 22) or placebo plus SOC (n = 24). The primary endpoint (proportion of patients alive and without respiratory failure through day 28) was not met, with no statistically significant difference adjusting for remdesivir prescription (86% with ibrutinib plus SOC vs 79% with placebo plus SOC; adjusted difference, 5.8% [80% confidence interval, –9.2% to 20.4%]; P = .599). Secondary endpoints also showed no statistically significant improvement with ibrutinib plus SOC. Median treatment duration was 14 days for ibrutinib and placebo. Adverse events were similar with ibrutinib plus SOC vs placebo plus SOC (overall: 55% vs 50%; serious: 18% vs 13%) and were consistent with the known safety profile of ibrutinib.

Conclusions

Addition of ibrutinib to SOC did not improve the proportion of patients alive and without respiratory failure through day 28 in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Ibrutinib had a manageable safety profile, with similar safety to placebo.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04375397.
Temporal Variations in Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections by Race and Ethnicity in Arkansas
Authors: Kennedy Joshua L , Forrest J Craig , Young Sean G , Amick Benjamin , Williams Mark , James Laura , Snowden Jessica , Cardenas Victor M , Boothe Danielle , Kirkpatrick Catherine , Modi Zeel , Caid Katherine , Owens Shana , Kouassi Marianne , Mann Ryan , Putt Claire , Irish-Clardy Katherine , Macechko Michael , Brimberry Ronald K , Nembhard Wendy N , McElfish Pearl A , Du Ruofei , Jin Jing , Zohoori Namvar , Kothari Atul , Hagrass Hoda , Olgaard Ericka , Boehme Karl W
Published: March 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in the small rural state of Arkansas, using SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence as an indicator of infection.

Methods

We collected residual serum samples from adult outpatients seen at hospitals or clinics in Arkansas for non–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related reasons. A total of 5804 samples were identified over 3 time periods: 15 August–5 September 2020 (time period 1), 12 September–24 October 2020 (time period 2), and 7 November–19 December 2020 (time period 3).

Results

The age-, sex-, race-, and ethnicity-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during each period, from 2.6% in time period 1 to 4.1% in time period 2 and 7.4% in time period 3. No statistically significant difference in seroprevalence was found based on age, sex, or residence (urban vs rural). However, we found higher seroprevalence rates in each time period for Hispanics (17.6%, 20.6%, and 23.4%, respectively) and non-Hispanic Blacks (4.8%, 5.4%, and 8.9%, respectively) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (1.1%, 2.6%, and 5.5%, respectively).

Conclusions

Our data imply that the number of Arkansas residents infected with SARS-CoV-2 rose steadily from 2.6% in August to 7.4% in December 2020. There was no statistical difference in seroprevalence between rural and urban locales. Hispanics and Blacks had higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than Whites, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 spread disproportionately in racial and ethnic minorities during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.