bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Differential Abundance Analysis of Very Metal-poor Stars*

†
Authors: O’Malley Erin M. , McWilliam Andrew , Chaboyer Brian , Thompson Ian
Published: March 2017

We have performed a differential line-by-line chemical abundance analysis, ultimately relative to the Sun, of nine very metal-poor main-sequence (MS) halo stars, near [Fe/H] = −2 dex. Our abundances range from

dex with conservative uncertainties of 0.07 dex. We find an average [α/Fe] = 0.34 ± 0.09 dex, typical of the Milky Way. While our spectroscopic atmosphere parameters provide good agreement with Hubble Space Telescope parallaxes, there is significant disagreement with temperature and gravity parameters indicated by observed colors and theoretical isochrones. Although a systematic underestimate of the stellar temperature by a few hundred degrees could explain this difference, it is not supported by current effective temperature studies and would create large uncertainties in the abundance determinations. Both 1D and

hydrodynamical models combined with separate 1D non-LTE effects do not yet account for the atmospheres of real metal-poor MS stars, but a fully 3D non-LTE treatment may be able to explain the ionization imbalance found in this work.
Photoionization-driven Absorption-line Variability in Balmer Absorption Line Quasar LBQS 1206+1052
Authors: Sun Luming , Zhou Hongyan , Ji Tuo , Jiang Peng , Liu Bo , Liu Wenjuan , Pan Xiang , Shi Xiheng , Wang Jianguo , Wang Tinggui , Yang Chenwei , Zhang Shaohua , Miller Lauren P.
Published: March 2017

In this paper we present an analysis of absorption-line variability in mini-BAL quasar LBQS 1206+1052. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum demonstrates that the absorption troughs can be divided into two components of blueshift velocities of ∼700 and ∼1400 km s−1 relative to the quasar rest frame. The former component shows rare Balmer absorption, which is an indicator of high-density absorbing gas; thus, the quasar is worth follow-up spectroscopic observations. Our follow-up optical and near-infrared spectra using MMT, YFOSC, TSpec, and DBSP reveal that the strengths of the absorption lines vary for both components, while the velocities do not change. We reproduce all of the spectral data by assuming that only the ionization state of the absorbing gas is variable and that all other physical properties are invariable. The variation of ionization is consistent with the variation of optical continuum from the V-band light curve. Additionally, we cannot interpret the data by assuming that the variability is due to a movement of the absorbing gas. Therefore, our analysis strongly indicates that the absorption-line variability in LBQS 1206+1052 is photoionization driven. As shown from photoionization simulations, the absorbing gas with blueshift velocity of ∼700 km s−1 has a density in the range of 109 to 1010 cm−3 and a distance of ∼1 pc, and the gas with blueshift velocity of ∼1400 km s−1 has a density of 103 cm−3 and a distance of ∼1 kpc.
PRIMUS+DEEP2: The Dependence of Galaxy Clustering on Stellar Mass and Specific Star Formation Rate at 0.2 < z < 1.2
Authors: Coil Alison L. , Mendez Alexander J. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Moustakas John
Published: March 2017

We present results on the clustering properties of galaxies as a function of both stellar mass and specific star formation rate (sSFR) using data from the PRIMUS and DEEP2 galaxy redshift surveys spanning

. We use spectroscopic redshifts of over 100,000 galaxies covering an area of 7.2 deg2 over five separate fields on the sky, from which we calculate cosmic variance errors. We find that the galaxy clustering amplitude is as strong of a function of sSFR as of stellar mass, and that at a given sSFR, it does not significantly depend on stellar mass within the range probed here. We further find that within the star-forming population and at a given stellar mass, galaxies above the main sequence of star formation with higher sSFR are less clustered than galaxies below the main sequence with lower sSFR. We also find that within the quiescent population, galaxies with higher sSFR are less clustered than galaxies with lower sSFR, at a given stellar mass. We show that the galaxy clustering amplitude smoothly increases with both increasing stellar mass and decreasing sSFR, implying that galaxies likely evolve across the main sequence, not only along it, before galaxies eventually become quiescent. These results imply that the relation of stellar mass to halo mass, which connects galaxies to dark matter halos, likely depends on sSFR.
Triangulum II. Not Especially Dense After All*
Authors: Kirby Evan N. , Cohen Judith G. , Simon Joshua D. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Thygesen Anders O. , Duggan Gina E.
Published: March 2017

Among the Milky Way satellites discovered in the past three years, Triangulum II has presented the most difficulty in revealing its dynamical status. Kirby et al. identified it as the most dark-matter-dominated galaxy known, with a mass-to-light ratio within the half-light radius of

. On the other hand, Martin et al. measured an outer velocity dispersion that is 3.5 ± 2.1 times larger than the central velocity dispersion, suggesting that the system might not be in equilibrium. From new multi-epoch Keck/DEIMOS measurements of 13 member stars in Triangulum II, we constrain the velocity dispersion to be

km s−1 (90% C.L.). Our previous measurement of

, based on six stars, was inflated by the presence of a binary star with variable radial velocity. We find no evidence that the velocity dispersion increases with radius. The stars display a wide range of metallicities, indicating that Triangulum II retained supernova ejecta and therefore possesses, or once possessed, a massive dark matter halo. However, the detection of a metallicity dispersion hinges on the membership of the two most metal-rich stars. The stellar mass is lower than galaxies of similar mean stellar metallicity, which might indicate that Triangulum II is either a star cluster or a tidally stripped dwarf galaxy. Detailed abundances of one star show heavily depressed neutron-capture abundances, similar to stars in most other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies but unlike stars in globular clusters.
Tracing the Cosmological Evolution of Stars and Cold Gas with CMB Spectral Surveys
Authors: Switzer Eric R.
Published: March 2017

A full account of galaxy evolution in the context of ΛCDM cosmology requires measurements of the average star-formation rate (SFR) and cold gas abundance across cosmic time. Emission from the CO ladder traces cold gas, and [C ii] fine structure emission at

traces the SFR. Intensity mapping surveys the cumulative surface brightness of emitting lines as a function of redshift, rather than individual galaxies. CMB spectral distortion instruments are sensitive to both the mean and anisotropy of the intensity of redshifted CO and [C ii] emission. Large-scale anisotropy is proportional to the product of the mean surface brightness and the line luminosity-weighted bias. The bias provides a connection between galaxy evolution and its cosmological context, and is a unique asset of intensity mapping. Cross-correlation with galaxy redshift surveys allows unambiguous measurements of redshifted line brightness despite residual continuum contamination and interlopers. Measurement of line brightness through cross-correlation also evades cosmic variance and suggests new observation strategies. Galactic foreground emission is

times larger than the expected signals, and this places stringent requirements on instrument calibration and stability. Under a range of assumptions, a linear combination of bands cleans continuum contamination sufficiently that residuals produce a modest penalty over the instrumental noise. For PIXIE, the

sensitivity to CO and [C ii] emission scales from

at low redshift to

by reionization.
A Curved Magnetic Field in the Ring-like Shell of Bubble N4
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Jiang Zhibo , Tamura Motohide , Kwon Jungmi , Roman-Lopes A.
Published: March 2017

We report the detection of a curved magnetic field in the ring-like shell of the bubble N4, derived from near-infrared polarization of reddened diskless stars located behind this bubble. The magnetic field in the shell is curved and parallel to the ring-like shell, and its strength is estimated to be

in the plane of the sky. The magnetic field strength in the shell is significantly enhanced compared to the local field strength. We calculate the mass-to-flux ratio for the submillimeter clumps in the shell and find that they are all magnetically subcritical. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field strengthens as the interstellar medium is compressed into a shell, and suggest that the magnetic field has the potential to hinder star formation triggered by H ii region expansion.
Linear Polarization, Circular Polarization, and Depolarization of Gamma-ray Bursts: A Simple Case of Jitter Radiation
Authors: Mao Jirong , Wang Jiancheng
Published: March 2017

Linear and circular polarizations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been detected recently. We adopt a simplified model to investigate GRB polarization characteristics in this paper. A compressed two-dimensional turbulent slab containing stochastic magnetic fields is considered, and jitter radiation can produce the linear polarization under this special magnetic field topology. Turbulent Faraday rotation measure (RM) of this slab makes strong wavelength-dependent depolarization. The jitter photons can also scatter with those magnetic clumps inside the turbulent slab, and a nonzero variance of the Stokes parameter V can be generated. Furthermore, the linearly and circularly polarized photons in the optical and radio bands may suffer heavy absorptions from the slab. Thus we consider the polarized jitter radiation transfer processes. Finally, we compare our model results with the optical detections of GRB 091018, GRB 121024A, and GRB 131030A. We suggest simultaneous observations of GRB multi-wavelength polarization in the future.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Variation of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Spiral and Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Li Hongyu , Ge Junqiang , Mao Shude , Cappellari Michele , Long R. J. , Li Ran , Emsellem Eric , Dutton Aaron A. , Li Cheng , Bundy Kevin , Thomas Daniel , Drory Niv , Lopes Alexandre Roman
Published: March 2017

We perform Jeans anisotropic modeling (JAM) on elliptical and spiral galaxies from the MaNGA DR13 sample. By comparing the stellar mass-to-light ratios estimated from stellar population synthesis and from JAM, we find a systematic variation of the initial mass function (IMF) similar to that in the earlier

results. Early-type galaxies (elliptical and lenticular) with lower velocity dispersions within one effective radius are consistent with a Chabrier-like IMF, while galaxies with higher velocity dispersions are consistent with a more bottom-heavy IMF such as the Salpeter IMF. Spiral galaxies have similar systematic IMF variations, but with slightly different slopes and larger scatters, due to the uncertainties caused by the higher gas fractions and extinctions for these galaxies. Furthermore, we examine the effects of stellar mass-to-light ratio gradients on our JAM modeling, and we find that the trends become stronger after considering the gradients.
Relation of Memory and Linguistic Fields and ICT Tools for Memory and Language Comprehension
Authors: Tourimpampa Aglaia , Drigas Athanasios , Economou Alexandra
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of human memory in language   comprehension and   specifically to examine the relationship between the function of working memory and the fields of linguistic analysis which  are  phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Working memory -as one of the most important cognitive skills of human brain- comprises a system with specific functions with which the information from the external environment are being transferred, encoded, stored and retrieved. The present  study is an attempt to explore which specific function of working memory is activated in order to decode each linguistic field of analysis. Furthermore,   it features the current scientific achievements on the ICTs processes and tools, which exploit the cognitive skill of memory and they are applied   in the assessment of difficulties in text comprehension, intervention and training of the language comprehension ability.
Les inégalités d’accès aux ressources urbaines dans les franges périphériques de Belo Horizonte (Brésil) : quelles évolutions ?
Authors: Cerqueira Eugênia Viana
Published: March 2017

Cet article a pour but d’analyser les inégalités d’accès aux ressources urbaines des habitants des franges périphériques de la Région Métropolitaine de Belo Horizonte au regard des évolutions socio-spatiales constatées récemment dans ces espaces. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse de la densité relative de ressources permet d’identifier leur distribution dans la RMBH. Ensuite, l’exploration des enquêtes ménages-déplacements et des entretiens semi-directifs permet de déterminer que, malgré la croissante diversification des espaces périphériques, les inégalités d’accès demeurent prononcées. Les populations aisées suivent des logiques de mobilité guidées par leurs choix individuels, tandis que les populations modestes sont toujours contraintes de déployer des stratégies afin d’accéder aux ressources urbaines.
Laparostomy in a rural hospital: an African case report for a very important tool to be spread and increased
Authors: Arzu Gian Domenico , Conventi Riccardo , Putoto Giovanni , Onapa Emmanuel
Published: March 2017

Laparostomy is a surgical technique enabling the surgeon to leave abdominal fascial edges opened after a laparotomy. This is a useful tool that can be very important in patients with intraabdominal hypertension. Open abdomen indications are: trauma, severe abdominal sepsis, intestinal infarction, vascular surgery and when the surgeon cannot close the abdomen due to high intra abdominal pressure in order to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome or in case of a second look in order to evaluate the conditions of the abdomen (and particularly of the gut). We used this technique in a low income country for a patient with intestinal obstruction where performing a primary anastomosis during the first operation was at high risk of leakage. A middle-aged woman was admitted in Pope John’s Hospital - Aber, Uganda for abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction (IO) symptoms. A laparotomy found a tract of small gut necrotic and twisted under a single adhesion. The small gut above the volvulus was dilated for the obstruction created by the adhesion. We decided to excise the necrotic intestine and leave the abdomen open for a second look and delayed anastomosis and closure. The managing of the IO was conducted by inserting a big Foley catheter in the proximal intestine to drain its enteric content in a similar fashion to a guided external fistula. Open abdomen is a very important technique, relatively new, that can impact positively in treating some surgical patients even in rural hospitals and in the absence of Intensive Care Unit. A simple trick can solve successfully the IO due to the volvulus. Laparostomy should be spread more in African and low-income countries.
Il dibattito in Bioetica - Il personalismo ontologico nel pensiero di Elio Sgreccia. Intervista a Elio Sgreccia / The debate in Bioethics - The ontological personalism in the thought of Elio Sgreccia. Interview with Elio Sgreccia
Authors: Pérez Bermejo Marcelino
Published: March 2017

Non disponibile / Not available
Coproximinality for Quotient Spaces
Authors: Rao T.S.S.R.K.
Published: March 2017

In this paper we study the classical notion of coproximinality, for quotient spaces of Banach spaces. We provide a partial solution to the three space problem, analogous to a classical result of Cheney and Wulbert, by showing that for

Z \subset Y \subset X

, coproximinality of

Z

in

X

and that of

Y/Z

in

X/Z

implies the coproximinality of

Y

in

X

, when

Z

is an

M

-ideal in

X

. For the space

C(K)

of continuous functions on a compact extremally disconnected set

K

we derive the same conclusion under the assumption that

Z

is an

M

-ideal in

Y

.
Two Nontrivial Solutions for the Nonhomogenous Fourth Order Kirchhoff Equation
Authors: Ding Ling , Li Lin
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we consider the following nonhomogenous fourth order Kirchhoff equation

\Delta^2 u - \left( a + b \int_{\mathbb{R}^N} |\nabla u|^2 dx \right) \Delta u + V(x) u = f(x,u) + g(x), \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^N,

where

\Delta^2 := \Delta(\Delta)

, constants

a > 0

,

b \geq 0

,

V \in C(\mathbb{R}^N, \mathbb{R})

,

f \in C(\mathbb{R}^N \times \mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R})

and

g \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^N)

. Under more relaxed assumptions on the nonlinear term

f

that are much weaker than those in L. Xu and H. Chen, using some new proof techniques especially the verification of the boundedness of Palais–Smale sequence, a new result is obtained.
Non-Uniform Decay of the Energy of some Dissipative Evolution Systems
Authors: Ammari Kaïs , Bchatnia Ahmed , El Mufti Karim
Published: March 2017

In this paper we consider second order evolution equations with bounded damping. We give a characterization of a non-uniform decay for the damped problem using a kind of observability estimate for the associated undamped problem.
Implementation of a single sign-on system between practice, research and learning systems
Authors: Purkayastha Saptarshi , Gichoya Judy W. , Addepally Abhishek Siva
Published: March 2017

Background: Multiple specialized electronic medical systems are utilized in the health enterprise. Each of these systems has their own user management, authentication and authorization process, which makes it a complex web for navigation and use without a coherent process workflow. Users often have to remember multiple passwords, login/logout between systems that disrupt their clinical workflow. Challenges exist in managing permissions for various cadres of health care providers. Objectives: This case report describes our experience of implementing a single sign-on system, used between an electronic medical records system and a learning management system at a large academic institution with an informatics department responsible for student education and a medical school affiliated with a hospital system caring for patients and conducting research.

Methods: At our institution, we use OpenMRS for research registry tracking of interventional radiology patients as well as to provide access to medical records to students studying health informatics. To provide authentication across different users of the system with different permissions, we developed a Central Authentication Service (CAS) module for OpenMRS, released under the Mozilla Public License and deployed it for single sign-on across the academic enterprise. The module has been in implementation since August 2015 to present, and we assessed usability of the registry and education system before and after implementation of the CAS module. 54 students and 3 researchers were interviewed.

Results: The module authenticates users with appropriate privileges in the medical records system, providing secure access with minimal disruption to their workflow. No passwords requests were sent and users reported ease of use, with streamlined workflow.

Conclusions: The project demonstrates that enterprise-wide single sign-on systems should be used in healthcare to reduce complexity like “password hell”, improve usability and user navigation. We plan to extend this to work with other systems used in the health care enterprise.
Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden
Authors: Martinsson Johan , Abdul Azeem Hafiz , Sporre Moa K. , Bergström Robert , Ahlberg Erik , Öström Emilie , Kristensson Adam , Swietlicki Erik , Eriksson Stenström Kristina
Published: March 2017

Abstract. With the present demand on fast and inexpensive aerosol source apportionment methods, the Aethalometer model was evaluated for a full seasonal cycle (June 2014–June 2015) at a rural atmospheric measurement station in southern Sweden by using radiocarbon and levoglucosan measurements. By utilizing differences in absorption of UV and IR, the Aethalometer model apportions carbon mass into wood burning (WB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) aerosol. In this study, a small modification in the model in conjunction with carbon measurements from thermal–optical analysis allowed apportioned non-light-absorbing biogenic aerosol to vary in time. The absorption differences between WB and FF can be quantified by the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). In this study AAEWB was set to 1.81 and AAEFF to 1.0. Our observations show that the AAE was elevated during winter (1.36 ± 0.07) compared to summer (1.12 ± 0.07). Quantified WB aerosol showed good agreement with levoglucosan concentrations, both in terms of correlation (R2 = 0.70) and in comparison to reference emission inventories. WB aerosol showed strong seasonal variation with high concentrations during winter (0.65 µg m−3, 56 % of total carbon) and low concentrations during summer (0.07 µg m−3, 6 % of total carbon). FF aerosol showed less seasonal dependence; however, black carbon (BC) FF showed clear diurnal patterns corresponding to traffic rush hour peaks. The presumed non-light-absorbing biogenic carbonaceous aerosol concentration was high during summer (1.04 µg m−3, 72 % of total carbon) and low during winter (0.13 µg m−3, 8 % of total carbon). Aethalometer model results were further compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan source apportionment results. The comparison showed good agreement for apportioned mass of WB and biogenic carbonaceous aerosol, but discrepancies were found for FF aerosol mass. The Aethalometer model overestimated FF aerosol mass by a factor of 1.3 compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan source apportionment. A performed sensitivity analysis suggests that this discrepancy can be explained by interference of non-light-absorbing biogenic carbon during winter. In summary, the Aethalometer model offers a cost-effective yet robust high-time-resolution source apportionment at rural background stations compared to a radiocarbon and levoglucosan alternative.
Surface charge-induced orientation of interfacial water suppresses heterogeneous ice nucleation on α-alumina (0001)
Authors: Abdelmonem Ahmed , Backus Ellen H. G. , Hoffmann Nadine , Sánchez M. Alejandra , Cyran Jenée D. , Kiselev Alexei , Bonn Mischa
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Surface charge is one of the surface properties of atmospheric aerosols, which has been linked to heterogeneous ice-nucleation and hence cloud formation, microphysics and optical properties. Despite the importance of surface charge for ice nucleation, many questions remain on the molecular-level mechanisms at work. Here, we combine droplet freezing assay studies with vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to correlate interfacial water structure to surface nucleation strength. We study immersion freezing of aqueous solutions of various pHs on the atmospherically relevant aluminum oxide α-Al2O3 (0001) surface using an isolated droplet on the surface . The high pH solutions freeze at temperatures higher than that of the low pH solution while the neutral pH has the highest freezing temperature. On the molecular level, the SFG spectrum of the interfacial water changes substantially upon freezing. At all pHs, crystallization leads to a reduction of intensity of the 3400 cm−1 water resonance, while the 3200 cm−1 intensity drops for low pH but increases for neutral and high pHs. We find that charge-induced surface templating suppresses nucleation, irrespective of the sign of the surface charge. Heterogeneous nucleation is most efficient for the nominally neutral surface.
Effects of low oxygen concentrations on aerobic methane oxidation in seasonally hypoxic coastal waters
Authors: Steinle Lea , Maltby Johanna , Treude Tina , Kock Annette , Bange Hermann W. , Engbersen Nadine , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. , Niemann Helge
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Coastal seas may account for more than 75 % of global oceanic methane emissions. There, methane is mainly produced microbially in anoxic sediments from which it can escape to the overlying water column. Aerobic methane oxidation (MOx) in the water column acts as a biological filter, reducing the amount of methane that eventually evades to the atmosphere. The efficiency of the MOx filter is potentially controlled by the availability of dissolved methane and oxygen, as well as temperature, salinity, and hydrographic dynamics, and all of these factors undergo strong temporal fluctuations in coastal ecosystems. In order to elucidate the key environmental controls, specifically the effect of oxygen availability, on MOx in a seasonally stratified and hypoxic coastal marine setting, we conducted a 2-year time-series study with measurements of MOx and physico-chemical water column parameters in a coastal inlet in the south-western Baltic Sea (Eckernförde Bay). We found that MOx rates generally increased toward the seafloor, but were not directly linked to methane concentrations. MOx exhibited a strong seasonal variability, with maximum rates (up to 11.6 nmol L−1 d−1) during summer stratification when oxygen concentrations were lowest and bottom-water temperatures were highest. Under these conditions, 2.4–19.0 times more methane was oxidized than emitted to the atmosphere, whereas about the same amount was consumed and emitted during the mixed and oxygenated periods. Laboratory experiments with manipulated oxygen concentrations in the range of 0.2–220 µmol L−1 revealed a submicromolar oxygen optimum for MOx at the study site. In contrast, the fraction of methane–carbon incorporation into the bacterial biomass (compared to the total amount of oxidized methane) was up to 38-fold higher at saturated oxygen concentrations, suggesting a different partitioning of catabolic and anabolic processes under oxygen-replete and oxygen-starved conditions, respectively. Our results underscore the importance of MOx in mitigating methane emission from coastal waters and indicate an organism-level adaptation of the water column methanotrophs to hypoxic conditions.
Deglacial sea-level history of the East Siberian Sea Margin
Authors: Cronin Thomas M. , O'Regan Matt , Pearce Christof , Gemery Laura , Toomey Michael , Semiletov Igor , Jakobsson Martin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Abstract. Deglacial (12.8–10.7 ka) sea-level history on the East Siberian continental shelf/upper continental slope was reconstructed using new geophysical records and sediment cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The focus of this study is two cores from Herald Canyon, piston core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1 (4-PC) and multicore SWERUS-L2-4-MC1 (4-MC1) and a gravity core from an East Siberian Sea Transect, SWERUS-L2-20-GC1 (20-GC). Cores 4-PC1 and 20-GC were taken at 120 m and 115 m modern water depth, respectively, only a few meters above the global last glacial maximum (LGM, ~ 24 kiloannum (ka)) minimum sea level of ~ 125–130 meters below sea level (mbsl). Using calibrated radiocarbon ages mainly on molluscs for chronology and the ecology of benthic foraminifera and ostracode species to estimate paleo-depths, the data reveal dominance of river-proximal species during the early part of the Younger Dryas event (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) followed by a rise in river-intermediate species in the late Younger Dryas or the early Holocene (Preboreal) period. A rapid relative sea-level rise beginning roughly 11.4 to 10.8 ka (~ 400 cm core depth) during is indicated by a sharp faunal change and unconformity or condensed zone of sedimentation. Regional sea level at this time was about 108 mbsl at the 4-PC1 site and 102 mbsl at 20-GC. Regional sea-level during the YD was about 40 to 50 meters lower than those predicted by geophysical models corrected for glacio-isostatic adjustment. This discrepancy could be explained by delayed isostatic adjustment caused by a greater volume and/or geographical extent of glacial-age land ice and/or ice shelves in the western Arctic Ocean and adjacent Siberian land areas.
On the mesoscale monitoring capability of Argo floats in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sánchez-Román Antonio , Ruiz Simón , Pascual Ananda , Mourre Baptiste , Guinehut Stéphanie
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In this work a simplified observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) approach is used to investigate which Argo design sampling in the Mediterranean Sea would be necessary to properly capture the mesoscale dynamics in this basin. The monitoring of the mesoscale features is not an initial objective of the Argo network. However, it is an interesting question from the perspective of future network extensions in order to improve the ocean state estimates. The true field used to conduct the OSSEs is provided by a specific altimetry-gridded merged product for the Mediterranean Sea. Synthetic observations were obtained by sub-sampling this Nature Run according to different configurations of the ARGO network. The observation errors required to perform the OSSEs were obtained through the comparison of sea level anomalies (SLAs) from altimetry and dynamic height anomalies (DHAs) computed from the real in situ Argo network. This analysis also contributes to validate satellite SLAs with an increased confidence. The simulation experiments show that a configuration similar to the current Argo array in the Mediterranean (with a spatial resolution of 2°  ×  2°) is only able to recover the large-scale signals of the basin. Increasing the spatial resolution to nearly 75 km  ×  75 km, allows the capture of most of the mesoscale signal in the basin and to retrieve the SLA field with a RMSE of 3 cm for spatial scales larger than 150 km, similar to those presently captured by the altimetry. This would represent a theoretical reduction of 40 % of the actual RMSE. Such a high-resolution Argo array composed of around 450 floats, cycling every 10 days, is expected to increase the actual network cost by approximately a factor of 6.
Front Matter
Authors: N/A N/A
Published: March 2017

N/A
The Updating of Baby M: A Confused Jurisprudence Becomes More Confusing
Authors: Strasser Mark
Published: March 2017

States differ in a number of respects with regard to the conditions under which surrogacy contracts are enforceable. Some states distinguish between gestational and traditional (genetic) surrogacy contracts, treating the former but not the latter as enforceable, whereas others make no such distinction. Some states distinguish between commercial and non-commercial surrogacy, whereas others make no such distinction. In short, there is a patchwork of laws regarding the conditions under which surrogacy contracts are enforceable. This patchwork notwithstanding, the current trend is to enforce gestational but not traditional surrogacy agreements. While commentators may debate whether that is the best policy, such a policy choice offers some clarity and predictability to both would-be commissioning couples and would-be surrogates. Nonetheless, recent decisions have modified the jurisprudence in surprising ways, sometimes creating the potential for harm to families and children. This article first discusses two seminal cases—one addressing the enforceability of a traditional (genetic) surrogacy agreement and the other addressing the enforceability of a gestational surrogacy agreement. The article then discusses some of the ways in which the approaches to gestational and genetic surrogacy have blurred, creating the potential for harm to families and children. The article concludes that unless courts deciding surrogacy disputes take better account of some of the foreseeable results of their decisions, these courts may unwittingly bring about results that almost no one would prospectively endorse.
The Effects of Upper-Body and Lower-Body Fatigue on Standing Balance
Authors: Cogswell Finn D , Huang Frank , Dietze Benjamin
Published: March 2017

The purpose of our study was to analyze the effects of upper-body fatigue and lower-body fatigue on post-exercise standing balance. Force plates were used to assess static balance by measuring the displacement of the Center of Pressure (COP) while subjects stood on the plate. Ten healthy male undergraduate students (mean age 20.7 years, SD = 1.3) each participated in one session. All subjects were considered to be physically fit, as determined by self-reported vigorous physical activity in hours per week (mean activity 7.1 hours, SD = 3.7). During sessions, participants performed two control trials and two fatigue trials, with each trial consisting of subjects standing motionless on a force plate for 20 seconds. Participants completed one upper-body fatiguing protocol and one lower-body fatiguing protocol in random order. Standing balance trials were completed before and immediately following each fatigue protocol. Lower-body fatigue was achieved by participants performing a maximum number of body-weight squats, while upper-body fatigue was attained by participants performing a maximum number of push-ups. Subjects reported their Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), which was used to determine individuals’ subjective level of exhaustion on a scale of 6-20 (mean squat RPE = 14.9, SD = 2.2; mean push-up RPE = 15.4, SD = 1.3). Each subject was required to rest during a 15-minute recovery period between each fatigue protocol. The upper-body fatigue protocol produced significant (p < 0.05) mediolateral variability of the COP when compared to the control condition, and additionally, the lower-body fatigue protocol resulted in a significantly greater path length in comparison to the control trials. There was no significant difference in standing balance between upper and lower-body fatigue trials. The most paramount findings of the present study indicate that the selective fatigue of upper-body musculature greatly impairs standing balance, particularly by causing significant mediolateral deviations.
Ethical Conducts of Professors, Undergraduates and Graduate Students: The View of Dental School Patients
Authors: Tonin Letícia Oliveira , Santos Letícia Ferreira dos , Queiroz Cristhiane Leao de , Pereira Julia Gabriela Dietrichkeit , Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves da
Published: March 2017

Introducción: la importancia atribuida a la práctica y al consentimiento informado varía entre los profesionales de salud. Esto es aun más influenciado por el entorno laboral, nivel de conocimiento, experiencia, valores y creencias sociales. El artículo tiene como fin evaluar las conductas éticas de profesores y estudiantes del pregrado y postgrado por medio de cuestionarios con pacientes. Métodos: 120 pacientes de clínicas odontológicas de tres diferentes facultades del departamento de São Paulo fueron entrevistados con preguntas discursivas y objetivas acerca de la firma del consentimiento informado, participación en investigación científica, fotos durante el tratamiento, solicitud de muestra de saliva, solicitud de donación de diente e información sobre el destino de este luego de removido. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos, se utilizó distribución de frecuencia (absoluta y porcentual). Resultados: el 65,8% de los pacientes firmó el consentimiento para tratamiento y el 12,5% no lo firmó. El 10,8% desconoce si ha participado de investigación científica. El 54,2% ha sido fotografiado durante los procedimientos odontológicos y, de ellos, el 47,1% firmó un término de autorización. A un 6,6% se les solicitó saliva y el 66,6% de ellos firmó una autorización. El 16,1% recibió una solicitud de donación de los dientes y, de ellos, el 64,4% firmó una autorización. El 61,3% desconocía el destino del diente luego de su remoción cuando la donación les fue solicitada. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes firmó el consentimiento para tratamiento, fotografías, muestra de saliva y donación de dientes. Ello demuestra qué conductas éticas ante a los pacientes se están siguiendo por los profesores y estudiantes de pre y postgrado.
Condicionada a seleção artificial: eliminar os mais fracos ou homogeneizar a “raça”?
Authors: Ferreira de Freitas Ramiro
Published: March 2017

El control de la población mediante prácticas discriminatorias se encuentra en todos los momentos históricos. Sin embargo, el empleo de las ciencias (naturales y humanas) nunca había estado tan cerca de alcanzar la creación de nuevos mecanismos generadores de “subespecies” humanas. La investigación trata, fundamentada en marco teórico seleccionado, los retos biotecnológicos y bioéticos en la senda de las manipulaciones en cuanto al desarrollo de prácticas eventualmente nocivas en el contexto pluralista. La segregación o, incluso, la destrucción de los seres humanos indeseables es temible reflejo de una sociedad egocéntrica y, en gran medida, prejuiciosa. No obstante, el futuro no será, necesariamente, oscuro si el Homo sapiens sabe actuar ética y positivamente.
On Pre-training for Climate Change Induced Migration from the Pacific: Lessons from the Marshall Islands
Authors: Yoshioka Nagisa
Published: March 2017

This study aims to suggest another view of the so-called “climate refugee”, especially those from the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific Ocean. Although many studies have been conducted on the legal aspects of the climate refugees’ situations, little has been studied about how they succeed in re-establishing their livelihoods after relocation. Unlike migrations forced by other causes, the future migrations induced by sea level rise have a long lead time which gives the people involved the opportunity to develop the skills necessary to adjust to their new lives. This paper examines whether “pre-training” opportunities are sufficient in those countries from which climate refugees are most likely to come. The author focuses on the Republic of the Marshall Islands, one of the small island countries in the Pacific being threatened by environmental changes such as rising sea level, high tides, and drought. Due to a unique situation allowing the Marshallese people to move to the United States without a visa, many people do so each year under the free association partnership. However, some of these migrants fail to adjust to the United States and come back to their home islands, possibly due to a lack of skills. Given that more climate refugees are likely in the future, pre-training that provides essential skills to benefit future climate refugees is necessary. Through key informant interviews in the Marshall Islands, it seems that such training opportunities are currently limited, but have great potential to flourish.
The Effects of Chieftaincy and Land Conflicts on the Socio-political Development of Northern Ghana
Authors: Bukari Francis Issahaku Malongza , Kendie Stephen Bugu , Sulemana Mohammed , Galaa Sylvester Zackaria
Published: March 2017

This paper assesses the effects of inter-ethnic chieftaincy and land conflicts on the socio-political development of northern Ghana. The knowledge gap the study sought to fill is the use of theoretical antecedents to illustrate that conflicts have some merits for socio-political development and that conflict theories equally depict solutions to conflicts. Methodologically, the study makes use of content analysis of secondary data, by following the tenets of the realistic group conflict theory. Examples were drawn from the Konkomba, Gonja, Nanumba, Dagomba, Kusasi, Mo and the Sissala disputes of emancipation. It was revealed that major positive effects of the conflicts include improvement in the decision-making processes on community development issues, strengthening of inter-ethnic unity and helping to redeem the identity of a group. The destruction of life and property is the major demerit. It was recommended that civic education on the causes and effects of the conflicts by authentic participation of potential disputants could provide a more sustainable way of preventing conflict.
Social Dialogue as a Form of Participation of Employees in Decision-Making and Management of the Companies with Emphasis on Social Dialogue in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Petkukjeski Ljupcho , Bojadziev Marjan , Andonov Marko , Mihajloski Zoran
Published: March 2017

Social dialogue is one of the forms of participation of employees in matters referring to the field of labor or on matters of mutual interest for economic and social policy. Employees in the process of the social dialogue are represented through their union. Social dialogue is a form of communication involving social partners (unions and employers/ employer bodies) intended to affect the contracts and the development of labor issues. This context includes issues relating to participation in various types of negotiations, consultations, exchange of information between representatives of governments, employers and employees on issues of common interest and related to the economic and social policy. Social dialogue is also one of the forms through which employees can participate in decision-making, information and operations of the companies. The main aim of this paper is to clarify the social dialogue as one of the forms of participation of employees in decision making and managing with the companies, and to provide the legal basis for the practical realization.
Culture or Culture of Participation: A Success Factor by International Mergers and Acquisitions?
Authors: Genkova Petia , Gajda Anna
Published: March 2017

Diverse studies try to identify the influencing factors of success and failure for international Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). In this context, especially the role of participation and culture is being discussed controversially. The following article tries to shed some light on the debate, based on a quantitative research conducted in Bulgaria and Romania. In both countries organizational members were surveyed who were involved in an international M&A-process initiated by a German based multinational company. The results show that participation is understood and valued differently in both countries.
Strategic Management in the Relationship between Competitiveness and Organizational Performance in MSMES of the Service Sector in Mexico
Authors: Guerrero Marisol Sanchez , Arellano Gonzalez Alejandro , Rios Vazquez Nidia J.
Published: March 2017

The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of strategic management on competitiveness and organizational performance, an issue that is present in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the food and beverage preparation industry of the service sector. The study sample was of 200 Mexican organizations from Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. The results indicated that strategic management has a positive, direct and significant effect on competitiveness. The results that were obtained by means of linear regression analysis make it possible to assert that the interaction between both variables (strategic management and competitiveness) establishes significant differences in the levels of organizational performance. It was concluded that the enhancement of strategic management contributes to the increase in organizational performance. Therefore, a joint intervention must take place on strategic management and competitiveness.
Allometric Dynamics in Branch Growth of Crape Myrtle
Authors: Chen Xiongwen
Published: March 2017

Tree branches provide multiple functions in tree growth. It is necessary to study the allometric patterns of branches in order to understand some quantitative perspectives in tree growth. In this study, branches of seven crape myrtle trees (Lagerstroemia indica) were studied to examine allometric relationships in different times. The results indicated that the total basal area of branches at one order was far more than it at the next lower order (branches far from trunks). The scaling exponents of frequency distribution in both branch length and diameter decreased from above 1.0 in May to 0.1 in November as branches grew. The entropy of branch length and diameter both decreased at the beginning and then increased for all trees during the growing season. The observed entropy was always less than the maximum entropy. The average slenderness of branches was close to 20 for all trees. There were higher fluctuations in the slenderness within small or short branches (diameter less than 10 mm or length less than 100 cm). The scaling exponents between branch radius and length were concentrated at 1.0 for most trees. The correlation between the branch diameters of 1st order and the number of branches at 2nd order was not significant. The general trend and deviations in allometric relationships may help to understand the complexity in tree branch development.
Geneza mitu superbohatera. Różne oblicza (super)bohaterów w kinematografii, literaturze, Internecie
Authors: Szymańska Katarzyna
Published: March 2017

The article shows how hero as myth has become a popculture icon. In literature new model of ancient Greece hero represents Percy Jackson from Rick Riordan’s books about Olympians. Movie based on this novel shows how Greek mythology is popular. One of actors who played in this adaptation, Nathan Fillion, played also a hero a few times. These movies brought modern and different kind of superhero, for instance Joss Whedon’s Dr. Horrible Song-Along Blog (2008) or James Gunn’s Super (2010), which is similar to Matthew Vaughn’s Kick-Ass (also 2010). A new hero is now an average person and proves that courage is more important than extrapowers. Blockbuster movies are popular on the net, where photos from scenes become memes. Greek mythology is still present in daily life in new, modern formula.
Diários de aula como deflagrador de uma pesquisa com experimentações audiovisuai
Authors: Satler Lara Lima
Published: March 2017

Este artigo analisa diários de aula como uma estratégia de descoberta de uma pesquisa situada no campo da educação da cultura visual. Nesse sentido, os diários de aula despertam em mim, professora-pesquisadora, a sistematização das ideias para a construção de um percurso teórico-metodológico. Como a análise de diários de aula discentes e docentes estimulam a construção estratégias teórico-metodológicos em educação da cultura visual? Por meio da análise de diários de aula discentes e docente, o texto objetiva discutir sobre a potência dessa ferramenta. Como resultados, pretendo contribuir com pesquisas que utilizam diários de aula no campo da educação a cultura visual. Enviado em: 29 de outubro de 2016.Aprovado em: 19 de novembro de 2016.
Dynamic transcriptional signature and cell fate analysis reveals plasticity of individual neural plate border cells
Authors: Roellig Daniela , Tan-Cabugao Johanna , Esaian Sevan , Bronner Marianne E
Published: March 2017

The ‘neural plate border’ of vertebrate embryos contains precursors of neural crest and placode cells, both defining vertebrate characteristics. How these lineages segregate from neural and epidermal fates has been a matter of debate. We address this by performing a fine-scale quantitative temporal analysis of transcription factor expression in the neural plate border of chick embryos. The results reveal significant overlap of transcription factors characteristic of multiple lineages in individual border cells from gastrula through neurula stages. Cell fate analysis using a Sox2 (neural) enhancer reveals that cells that are initially Sox2+ cells can contribute not only to neural tube but also to neural crest and epidermis. Moreover, modulating levels of Sox2 or Pax7 alters the apportionment of neural tube versus neural crest fates. Our results resolve a long-standing question and suggest that many individual border cells maintain ability to contribute to multiple ectodermal lineages until or beyond neural tube closure.