bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Futures and a Masculine Development Ethos in the Regional Story of Uttarakhand
Authors: Koskimaki Leah
Published: July 2017

Research on the Uttarakhand region, which became a new state in 2000, has focused largely on agrarian livelihoods, religious rituals, development demands, ecological politics and the role of women in regional social movements. This essay discusses another dimension of the regional imaginary—that of a masculine development ethos. Based on ethnographic research and print media sources, this essay focuses on stories, politics, mobilities and imaginations of young men in the years immediately after the achievement of statehood. Despite increased outmigration of youth in search of employment, many young men expressed the dream of maintaining livelihoods in the familiar towns and rural spaces of Uttarakhand, describing their home region as a source of power and agency. In rallies and in print media, young (mostly upper caste) men expressed their disillusionment with the government and the promises of statehood, arguing that their aspirations for development and employment were left unfulfilled. Gendered stories of the region, told in Hindi in rallies and print media, contained references to local places, people and historical events and were produced through local connections and know-how, fostering a regional youth politics. The article argues that Uttarakhand as a region is shaped by the politics of local actors as well as embodied forms of aspiration, affiliation and mobility.
Revisiting the ‘Kerala Model’
Authors: Chaudhuri Tapoja
Published: July 2017

For several decades after Independence, the ‘Kerala model’ provided a development alternative that set it apart from the rest of India. The recent rise of Kerala as a fast growing ‘responsible’ tourism destination has led to a resurgence of this narrative of exceptionalism. This article charts the shift from the ‘old’ Kerala development model, and its emphasis on distributive justice, to the ‘new’ Kerala model that nurtures public–private partnerships, in understanding how Kerala’s reputation as a unique region in India is maintained amid significant socioeconomic and political changes. Specifically, the article draws on ethnographic data from the Kumily/Periyar Tiger Reserve region in analyzing how unique locale-specific networks of biodiversity conservation ideologies, international capital and notions of environmental citizenship contribute to overall placemaking in Kerala. These regional identities are formed through the confluence of several ideologies, influences and personnel, thereby contributing to unique ‘actor-networks’ that emerge at specific locales.
High-output piezoelectric energy harvester using tapered beam with cavity
Authors: Raju S Srinivasulu , Umapathy M , Uma G
Published: July 2017

Energy harvesting using cantilever-based piezoelectric structure is most popular for harvesting electrical energy from ambient vibrations. Efforts are also made to maximize the harvester power by means of tailoring the structural parameters of the cantilever beam. This article proposes a method to maximize the harvester voltage from the cantilever-based piezoelectric energy harvester by means of tailoring the structure of the cantilever, to have a tapering in width, thickness and in both width and thickness (double taper). It is also proposed to introduce rectangular and trapezoidal cavities in the tapered energy harvesters to further maximize the harvester voltage. The analytical model of the proposed harvesters is developed using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and its free vibration solution is analysed using Bessel functions. The energy harvesters are fabricated and experimentally evaluated for its performance. It is concluded from the results of analytical model and experimentation that width, thickness and double-tapered beam increases the harvester voltage by 35.6%, 84.8% and 126.6%, respectively, as compared to the energy harvester designed with uniform cantilever beam. Among all the energy harvesters proposed in this article, the maximum voltage is generated from the double-tapered beam with trapezoidal cavity. The experimental results are in close agreement with the results obtained from the analytical model.
Exploring Journalism and Mass Communication Training in Kenya: A National Survey
Authors: Ireri Kioko
Published: July 2017

Conducted in 2012 to 2013, the current national survey of Kenyan journalists ( N = 504) examines major characteristics of journalism and mass communication training in Kenya. Findings show that training in journalism or mass communication is a prerequisite to practice as a journalist in Kenya. While 45% of journalists were trained at the level of associate degree, 91% said they need to get further training. Kenya Institute of Mass Communication is the most popular institution of journalism and mass communication. Moreover, 65% of respondents perceive the quality of journalism training as good—Though in contrast to this favorable evaluation, local colleges face a litany of serious problems.
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD: What Do Patients Think? Results of the COMPAS Study
Authors: Groß Vivien , Lücke Caroline , Graf Erika , Lam Alexandra P. , Matthies Swantje , Borel Patricia , Sobanski Esther , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , Jacob Christian , Colla Michael , Huss Michael , Jans Thomas , Kis Bernhard , Abdel-Hamid Mona , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Philipsen Alexandra ,   for the Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD Study (COMPAS) Consortium
Published: July 2017

Objective: In the multicenter study Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD (COMPAS), the efficacy of treatments has been primarily evaluated by observer-rated symptom change. Here, we additionally analyzed the patients’ subjective evaluation of therapy effects. Method: COMPAS compared ADHD-specific group therapy with unspecific clinical management with/without concomitant pharmacotherapy in a four-armed design. Evaluation through the patients’ retrospective perspective was performed after 1 year (post-treatment) and after another 1.5 years (follow-up). Results: In respect to patients’ subjective ratings, ADHD-specific group psychotherapy outperformed unspecific management post-treatment ( z = 4.88, p < .0001) and at follow-up ( z = 2.90, p = .004). Rank correlations with rater-based symptom change were small to moderate (post-treatment: rs = 0.28, follow-up: rs = 0.16). Conclusion: Therapy evaluation based on the patients’ perspective supports the concept of ADHD-specific group psychotherapy as a potentially useful therapy option in ADHD.
Immuno-Oncology Integrative Networks: Elucidating the Influences of Osteosarcoma Phenotypes
Authors: Sharma Ankush , Capobianco Enrico
Published: July 2017

In vivo and in vitro functional phenotyping characterization was recently obtained with reference to an experimental pan-cancer study of 22 osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines. Here, differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles were recomputed from the publicly available data to conduct network inference on the immune system regulatory activity across the characterized OS phenotypes. Based on such DEG profiles, and for each phenotype that was analyzed, we obtained coexpression networks and bio-annotations for them. Then, we described the immune-modulated influences in phenotype-specific networks’ integrating pathway, transcription factor, and microRNA regulations. Overall, this approach seems suitable for representing heterogeneity in OS tumorigenesis.
Re-conceptualizing Ingmar Bergman’s status as auteur du cinema
Authors: Van Belle Jono
Published: July 2017

Why is it that some film directors become and remain central in the reception of their works and others do not? Classical auteur theory suggests the answer lies in the personality of the director. In this article, we explore and re-conceptualize the status of auteur du cinema Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director. In line with Dyer’s gap between the institution and the audience, we explore Bergman’s self-fashioning through his own published writings and compare this to what was written about him in the Swedish press between 1944 and 1983, his most active years as a film director. The result is an analysis of dominant and alternative cultural discourses concerning Bergman’s authorship that facilitates an exploration into the corresponding interpretative strategies located in the audience. Here, Bergman’s status as popular celebrity in Sweden contributes to a paradoxical image – and recognition – of the high-art auteur, not in the least through his own myth-making.
Women and education: Normalization and professionalization
Authors: Nicolete Jamilly Nicácio , Almeida Jane Soares de
Published: July 2017

In this article, in a historical perspective, the authors discuss the symbolization of the female figure in the social imaginary in relation to a teaching career, based on the practices of teacher training, professionalization and co-education,. Since colonial times, the education of females in Brazil has always been permeated with expectations about domestic duties being women’s main role. The opening of the possibility of entering a paid profession that was in harmony with this role made the teaching profession the vocational path of women in education from the outset. The subordination of the female sex to the male sex is another mechanism of social control between the sexes, which also means a relation of power. Power aims, above all, to regulate habits and customs and to sanitize and moralize behaviours. As a consequence, it induces full compliance with the legal, social and religious precepts. This ideal retains the privileges of the minority group, whether in terms of social class or sex.
Suitability of a 7-F ExoSeal Vascular Closure Device for Femoral Artery Punctures Made by 8-F or 9-F Introducer Sheaths
Authors: Goto Shunsaku , Ohshima Tomotaka , Ishikawa Kojiro , Yamamoto Taiki , Nishizawa Toshihisa , Shimato Shinji , Kato Kyozo
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To establish the safety and efficacy of the 7-F ExoSeal device for the closure of femoral puncture sites made by 8-F or 9-F introducer sheaths. Methods: Between January 2013 and December 2016, 332 patients (mean age 68.4±12.1 years; 195 men) underwent neurointerventional procedures via percutaneous puncture of the common femoral artery and an 8-F (n=272, 81.9%) or 9-F (n=60, 18.1%) introducer. The access sites were sealed with a 7-F ExoSeal in all cases. Procedure success and closure-related complication rates were evaluated, and risk factors for complications were analyzed by comparing patient characteristics between those who did and did not experience complications. Results: Procedure success rates were 99.3% in the 8-F group and 100% in the 9-F group. The overall complication rate was 6.3% (n=17; all in the 8-F group), of which 13 (4.8%) were minor sequelae, including access-site hematoma (n=8), oozing (n=3), pseudoaneurysm (n=1), and retroperitoneal bleeding (n=1). Among the 4 (1.5%) major complications were 3 instances of bleeding requiring a blood transfusion and 1 surgical vascular repair. No complications were observed in the 9-F group. Patients who experienced complications had significantly longer activated clotting times (262±46 vs 218±55 seconds; p<0.001) compared with patients without complications. Conclusion: A 7-F ExoSeal vascular closure device is safe and effective for the closure of femoral puncture sites made by 8-F or 9-F introducer sheaths.
Patient With Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma Treated With Radiofrequency Hyperthermia in Combination With Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ryu Juyoung , Lee Kangwook , Joe Changmug , Joo JongCheon , Lee Namhun , Yoo Hwa-Seung
Published: July 2017

Hyperthermia, which is a noninvasive treatment that causes tumor cells to become heated and that works in synergy with anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, is emerging as a promising treatment for patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin) for the treatment of a patient with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. A 54-year-old man was diagnosed as hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) and was administered neoadjuvant and preoperative radiation with chemotherapy. However, because the treatment with radiation and chemotherapy was not successful, he decided to undergo hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy as a second treatment option. He was suffering from fatigue, dyspepsia, epigastralgia, and jaundice. Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was administered 32 times over a period of 4 months. The patient experienced no critical complications, and the patient’s condition improved, with the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and the total bilirubin levels being relatively lowered. In addition, the computed tomography scan showed that the cholangiocarcinoma had not progressed. In conclusion, this case report suggests radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy may be a promising treatment option for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma.
Use of a Thoracic Endograft in an Acute Abdominal Aortic Setting: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tasselli Sebastiano , Perini Paolo , Paini Elisa , Milan Luca , Bonvini Stefano
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

We report the case of a thoracic endograft used to achieve exclusion of a ruptured proximal paranastomotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (PAAA) as a consequence of aortic ballooning.

Case Report:

A type I proximal endoleak was evidenced following endovascular repair of a PAAA with an aortic cuff. The leak was treated with ballooning, which caused distal aortic rupture. A thoracic endograft was deployed inside the cuff, achieving complete exclusion. At 1 year, there are no signs of migration or endoleak with complete PAAA thrombosis, according to computed tomographic angiography.

Conclusion:

In hostile proximal abdominal aortic neck, challenging anatomies, or urgent cases, the structural adaptability of thoracic endografts could provide safe and successful abdominal aortic endovascular exclusion.
Alcohol Use in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: White Nicole D.
Published: July 2017

Although fewer individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) drink alcohol, the potential and severity of harm associated with its consumption is higher in persons with diabetes. Alcohol use affects glucose metabolism and results in various potential adverse effects both from acute ingestion and chronic ingestion in persons with T1DM. The purpose of this article is to describe the effects of alcohol on glucose metabolism and diabetes control in persons with T1DM and propose counseling pearls for providers working with patients in this population.
Exploring the Added Value of Video-Stimulated Recall in Researching the Primary Care Doctor–Patient Consultation
Authors: Paskins Zoe , Sanders Tom , Croft Peter R. , Hassell Andrew B.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Video-stimulated recall (VSR) is a method whereby researchers show research participants a video of their own behavior to prompt and enhance their recall and interpretation after the event, for example, in a postconsultation interview. This article describes a process evaluation with the aim of understanding what VSR may have added to findings, to describe participants’ responses to, and the acceptability of, VSR.

Method:

This evaluation took place in the context of a United Kingdom study concerning the discussion of osteoarthritis in primary care consultations. Postconsultation VSR interviews were conducted with 13 family physicians and 17 patients. Thematic analysis of these interviews and the matched 17 consultations was undertaken.

Results:

VSR appeared to add value by enabling a deeper understanding of participants’ reactions to specific parts of consultation dialogue, by facilitating participants to express concerns and speak more candidly, and by eliciting a more multilayered narrative from participants. The method was broadly acceptable to participants; however, levels of mild anxiety and/or distress were reported or observed by both doctor and patient participants, and this may explain why some participants reported behavior change as a result of the video. Any reported behavior change was used to inform analysis.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates how VSR may enable a more critical, more specific, and more in-depth response from participants to events of interest and, in doing so, generates multiple layers of narrative. This results in a method that goes beyond fact finding and description and generates more meaningful explanations of consultation events.
Experimental study on cutting force of face-turning Inconel718 with ceramic tools and carbide tools
Authors: Yao Changfeng , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Jiyin , Wu Daoxia , Tan Liang
Published: July 2017

In the process of face-turning high-temperature alloy Inconel718 with carbide tools and ceramic tools, the change rules of cutting force were studied and the empirical models of cutting force on the cutting parameters were established. For the tools, the main cutting force has positive relation to both the feed rate and the turning depth. Variation trends of the axial force are in accordance with the increase in these two parameters. During the increasing process of the cutting speed, the feed force changes slightly while the main cutting force decreased about 96 N when using the carbide cutter. For the ceramic cutter, the main cutting force and the axial force increased to about 380 N first and then decreased when the cutting speed increased. The axial force affected not only the processing parameters but also the geometrical parameters of the cutter. There exist some relationships between component forces.
Aortic dissection with aneurysm associated with Salmonella infection
Authors: Guo Ying , Xu Tongbai , Wang Chen , Wang Jin
Published: July 2017

This case report presents aortic dissection with aneurysm (ADA) related to Salmonella infection. An 84-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital for fever and chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed ADA. The patient underwent aortic dissection and cavity isolation surgery; subsequently, the patient was found to be febrile. Blood culture detected the presence of Salmonella infection. We concluded that the case presented was mycotic aneurysm due to Salmonella infection.
Body Worn Cameras and police image work: News media coverage of the Rialto Police Department’s body worn camera experiment
Authors: Schneider Christopher J.
Published: July 2017

In 2015, the so-called “Rialto study” was published in a peer-reviewed journal, although the findings of this experiment impacted policing as early as 2013. The yearlong study of officers who wore Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) in Rialto, California found that among those officers who wore the devices, use of force incidents decreased, as did complaints against the officers. These findings were extensively profiled in news media and lauded by numerous police agencies across North America and the United Kingdom. This article examines reporting of the findings of the Rialto study in news media. BWCs have received considerably more coverage in news media than in the research literature. Practically no scholarship has addressed this issue. BWCs are said to enhance police legitimacy, or the judgements of citizens concerning police conduct. A great deal of police legitimacy concerns maintaining control over their public image in media as the legitimate authority, or image work. Given the importance of police image work and the coverage of BWCs in news media, it remains vital then that we understand how BWCs are discussed in media. Some suggestions for future research are noted.
Tacrolimus in the treatment of myasthenia gravis in patients with an inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in China
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liu Weibin , Li Wei , Li Haifeng , Zhang Xu , Shang Huifang , Zhang Xu , Bu Bitao , Deng Hui , Fang Qi , Li Jimei , Zhang Hua , Song Zhi , Ou Changyi , Yan Chuanzhu , Liu Tao , Zhou Hongyu , Bao Jianhong , Lu Jiahong , Shi Huawei , Zhao Chongbo
Published: July 2017

Background

To determine the efficacy of low-dose, immediate-release tacrolimus in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) with inadequate response to glucocorticoid therapy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Methods

Eligible patients had inadequate response to glucocorticoids (GCs) after ⩾6 weeks of treatment with prednisone ⩾0.75 mg/kg/day or 60–100 mg/day. Patients were randomized to receive 3 mg tacrolimus or placebo daily (orally) for 24 weeks. Concomitant glucocorticoids and pyridostigmine were allowed. Patients continued GC therapy from weeks 1–4; from week 5, the dose was decreased at the discretion of the investigator. The primary efficacy outcome measure was a reduction, relative to baseline, in quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score assessed using a generalized linear model; supportive analyses used alternative models.

Results

Of 138 patients screened, 83 [tacrolimus ( n = 45); placebo ( n = 38)] were enrolled and treated. The change in adjusted mean QMG score from baseline to week 24 was −4.9 for tacrolimus and −3.3 for placebo (least squares mean difference: –1.7, 95% confidence interval: −3.5, −0.1; p = 0.067). A post-hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference for QMG score reduction of ⩾4 points in the tacrolimus group (68.2%) versus the placebo group (44.7%; p = 0.044). Adverse event profiles were similar between treatment groups.

Conclusions

Tacrolimus 3 mg treatment for patients with MG and inadequate response to GCs did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in the primary endpoint versus placebo over 24 weeks; however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference for QMG score reduction of ⩾4 points in the tacrolimus group versus the placebo group. This study was limited by the low number of patients, the absence of testing for acetylcholine receptor antibody and the absence of stratification by disease duration (which led to a disparity between the two groups). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01325571
Navigating the choice of oral anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation in the NOAC era
Authors: Hammersley Daniel , Signy Mark
Published: July 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of ischaemic stroke. The majority of these strokes can be prevented by treatment with oral anticoagulation therapy. The advent of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has resulted in a choice of therapeutic agents available to physicians for anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with AF beyond the long-established vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Pivotal trials have demonstrated non-inferiority of NOACs compared with VKAs, and in some cases superiority, for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in non-valvular AF. Yet there are no direct head-to-head comparator trials for the efficacy of NOACs. Therefore, the question of which oral anticoagulant for each individual patient can present a challenge to physicians. In this review article, we assess which patients with AF require anticoagulation, review the available therapeutic options, assessing the evidence base for each and offering guidance as to patient-specific factors that can influence this choice.
Exploring the Value Proposition of Primary Care for Safety-Net Patients Who Utilize Emergency Departments to Address Unmet Needs
Authors: Enard Kimberly R. , Ganelin Deborah M.
Published: July 2017

Background: An underlying assumption of strategies intended to promote appropriate primary care over emergency department (ED) use for ongoing health care needs is that patients will understand the “value proposition” of primary care: that they will receive specific benefits from primary care providers over and above what they receive from EDs. However, there is evidence that this value proposition may be unclear to safety-net patients. The goals of this study are to describe factors motivating ED use for low-acuity conditions; describe similarities and differences in usual source of care (USOC) experiences, by ED versus non-ED setting; and assess awareness and perceptions of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) concept among safety-net patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of adult patients (n = 329) at 3 safety-net hospitals in the Southwest. Results: Key reasons for ED use were perceived urgency, lack of awareness about other options for care, payment flexibility, and perceived quality and convenience. Approximately half of participants indicated they would seek treatment in non-ED settings, if available, but agreement differed by group (non-ED USOC, 60.2%; ED USOC, 50.7%; no USOC, 45.3%; P = .025). Agreement that providers coordinated access to needed medical services was significantly higher among patients with non-ED USOCs; agreement that providers coordinated non-medical services that facilitate access to care was similar (approximately 45%) for patients with ED and non-ED USOCs. Approximately 70% of participants in both groups agreed that every person should have a medical home. Conclusions: Perceived experiences of care in ED and non-ED USOC settings suggest challenges and opportunities for increasing the value proposition of primary care for safety-net patients. Although patients are receptive to the PCMH concept, effective strategies to better highlight the value of primary care in coordinating both medical and related nonmedical services and other PCMH benefits warrant further investigation.
Reduction of Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue in Mass Transit Rail Operators
Authors: Haynes Ajeenah L.
Published: July 2017

Sleep and work schedules differ considerably between rail workers and the broader U.S. workforce. Due to extended work hours and night shift schedules, train and engine service workers who operate passenger trains or move freight are most vulnerable to fatigue. This article addresses the need for comprehensive fatigue risk management systems (FRMS) for rail operators. Using a transactional ergonomic perspective, FRMS are discussed with a focus on fatigue education and administrative controls to reduce feelings of tiredness, low motivation, poor concentration, and low physical activity among mass transit rail operators. Recommendations for intervention implementation and evaluation are provided.
Distinct Patterns of Reduced Prefrontal and Limbic Gray Matter Volume in Childhood General and Internalizing Psychopathology
Authors: Snyder Hannah R. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Sandman Curt A. , Head Kevin , Davis Elysia P.
Published: July 2017

Reduced gray matter volume (GMV) is widely implicated in psychopathology, but scholars have found mostly overlapping areas of GMV reduction across disorders rather than unique neural signatures, potentially due to pervasive comorbidity. GMV reductions may be associated with broader psychopathology dimensions rather than specific disorders. We used an empirically supported bifactor model consisting of common psychopathology and internalizing- and externalizing-specific factors to evaluate whether latent psychopathology dimensions yield a clearer, more parsimonious pattern of GMV reduction in prefrontal and limbic/paralimbic areas implicated in individual disorders. A community sample of children ( N = 254, ages 6–10) was used to evaluate whether GMV reductions could constitute early neural risk factors. The common psychopathology factor was associated with reduced GMV in prefrontal areas (dorsal, orbitofrontal, ventrolateral). The internalizing-specific factor was related to reduced GMV in limbic/paralimbic areas (hippocampus, amygdala, insula). No significant associations were found between GMV and the externalizing-specific factor after accounting for common psychopathology.
Relationships of Muscle Function and Subjective Knee Function in Patients After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Bodkin Stephan , Goetschius John , Hertel Jay , Hart Joe
Published: July 2017

Background:

After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), relationships between objective measures of muscle function and patient-reported outcomes may change over time. Examining these measures at different time frames after surgery may help develop individualized approaches to improve post-ALCR analysis.

Purpose:

To examine the associations between subjective knee function and lower-extremity muscle function in individual patients at various time points after ACLR.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Fifty-one participants who underwent primary, unilateral ACLR (15 males, 36 females; mean age, 22.9 ± 4.5 years; mean height, 172.4 ± 10.1 cm; mean weight, 68.7 ± 13.1 kg) were separated into 3 groups depending on time since surgery (early, <2 years; middle, 2-5 years; late, >5 years). Subjective knee function was quantified using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee form and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Isometric knee extension and flexion strength were collected at 90 deg/s. Single-leg hop performance was measured using the single hop, triple hop, cross-over hop, and 6-m timed hop. Coefficient correlations were calculated between subjective knee function and objective measures of muscle function for each group.

Results:

The early group demonstrated moderate correlations between the KOOS and unilateral measures of flexion peak torque ( r = 0.514, P = .035) and flexion power ( r = 0.54, P = .027). The middle group demonstrated the strongest correlations between the KOOS and symmetry measures of the single hop ( r = 0.69, P = .002) and extension work ( r = 0.71, P = .002) as well as unilateral measures of the triple hop ( r = 0.52, P = .034) and extension work ( r = 0.66, P = .004). The late group demonstrated strong correlations between the 6-m timed hop symmetry and the IKDC ( r = 0.716, P = .001) and KOOS ( r = 0.71, P = .001).

Conclusion:

Patients with a post-ACLR status of less than 2 years exhibited stronger relationships with unilateral strength measures to subjective function; graft type was found to change these relationships. Patients at 2 to 5 years postsurgery demonstrated relationships with both unilateral and symmetry measures of muscle function to subjective function. Patients who were more than 5 years after ACLR exhibited strong associations between hopping symmetry and subjective function.

Clinical Relevance:

Future clinical guidelines for patients after ACLR may need to consider time since surgery as a potential factor.
Developing and Translating a New Model for Teaching Empowerment Into Routine Chronic Care Management
Authors: Wallace Carolyn A , Pontin David , Dokova Klara , Mikkonen Irma , Savage Eileen , Koskinen Liisa
Published: July 2017

Background:

Health professional education has been criticized for not integrating patient expertise into professional curricula to develop professional skills in patient empowerment.

Objective:

To develop and translate a new expert patient-centered model for teaching empowerment into professional education about routine chronic care management.

Methods:

Eight Finnish patients (known as expert patients), 31 students, and 11 lecturers from 4 European countries participated in a new pilot intensive educational module. Thirteen focus groups, artefacts, and an online student evaluation were analyzed using a thematic analysis and triangulated using a meta-matrix.

Results:

A patient-centered pedagogical model is presented, which describes 3 phases of empowerment: (1) preliminary work, (2) the elements of empowerment, and (3) the expected outcomes. These 3 phases were bound by 2 cross-cutting themes “time” and “enabling resources.”

Conclusion:

Patient expertise was embedded into the new module curriculum. Using an example of care planning, and Pentland and Feldman’s theory of routine organization, the results are translated into a patient-centered educational model for teaching empowerment to health profession students.
Patronage of urban commercial clusters: A network-based extension of the Huff model for balancing location and size
Authors: Sevtsuk Andres , Kalvo Raul
Published: July 2017

We introduce a version of the Huff retail expenditure model, where retail demand depends on households’ access to retail centers. Household-level survey data suggest that total retail visits in a system of retail centers depends on the relative location pattern of stores and customers. This dependence opens up an important question—could overall visits to retail centers be increased with a more efficient spatial configuration of centers in planned new towns? To answer this question, we implement the model as an Urban Network Analysis tool in Rhinoceros 3D, where facility patronage can be analyzed along spatial networks and apply it in the context of the Punggol New Town in Singapore. Using fixed household locations, we first test how estimated store visits are affected by the assumption of whether shoppers come from homes or visit shops en route to local public transit stations. We then explore how adjusting both the locations and sizes of commercial centers can maximize overall visits, using automated simulations to test a large number of scenarios. The results show that location and size adjustments to already planned retail centers in a town can yield a 10% increase in estimated store visits. The methodology and tools developed for this analysis can be extended to other context for planning and right-sizing retail developments and other public facilities so as to maximize both user access and facilities usage.
Photocatalytic decolourization of methylene blue using [Zn-Al] layered double hydroxides synthesized at different molar cationic ratios
Authors: Abderrazek Kaouther , Srasra Najoua Frini , Srasra Ezzeddine
Published: July 2017

[Zn-Al] layered double hydroxides (LDH) with cationic molar ratios of R = Zn/Al 1–5 were synthesized by the coprecipitation method at constant pH = 10. The samples synthesized and their derived forms obtained after calcination at 500°C and at 900°C (denoted Zn-Al-R, Zn-Al-R-500 and Zn-Al-R-900, respectively), were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption at −196°C. The XRD study showed: (1) the presence of accessory ZnO with the LDH in samples synthesized with R ≥ 3; and (2) the lamellar structure was destroyed at 500°C which made room for a poorly ordered ZnO phase, while calcination at 900°C yielded well crystallized ZnO and ZnAl2O4. The photocatalytic activity of the calcined and the unheated samples was evaluated for the decolourization of methylene blue. The photocatalytic activity was dependent on the cationic ratio R and on the calcination temperature. The sample Zn-Al-3 displayed maximum photocatalytic activity. Calcination at 500 and 900°C improved the photocatalytic activity of LDH synthesized at R = 1 and 2.
Clay minerals interaction with microorganisms: a review
Authors: Cuadros Javier
Published: July 2017

Interest in mineral–microbe interaction has grown enormously over recent decades, providing information in a puzzle-like manner which points towards an ever increasingly intimate relationship between the two; a relationship that can be truly termed co-evolution. Clay minerals play a very central role in this co-evolving system. Some 20 years ago, clay scientists looked at clay mineral–microbe studies as a peripheral interest only. Now, can clay scientists think that they understand the formation of clay minerals throughout geological history if they do not include life in their models? The answer is probably no, but we do not yet know the relative weight of biological and inorganic factors involved in driving clay-mineral formation and transformation. Similarly, microbiologists are missing out important information if they do not investigate the influence and modifications that minerals, particularly clay minerals, have on microbial activity and evolution. This review attempts to describe the several points relating clay minerals and microorganisms that have been discovered so far. The information obtained is still very incomplete and many opportunities exist for clay scientists to help to write the real history of the biosphere.
Cation order in the crystal structure of ‘minasgeraisite-(Y)’
Authors: Cooper Mark A. , Hawthorne Frank C.
Published: July 2017

The crystal structure of ‘minasgeraisite-(Y)’, triclinic P1, a = 9.994(4), b = 7.705(3), c = 4.764(2) Å, α = 90.042(9), β = 90.218(14), γ = 90.034(9) (°), V = 366.8(5) Å3 and Z = 1, has been refined to an R1 index of 2.86% for 4170 observed (|Fo| > 4σF) reflections. Significant observed (|Fo| > 40–60 σF) reflections violate the presence of a 21-screw axis and an a-glide plane, negating the space group P21/a previously found for minerals of the gadolinite–datolite group. Averaging of the X-ray data in Laue groups 2/m and $\bar 1$ gives the following agreement indices: 2/m (9.68%) and $\bar 1$ (5.68%). The internal agreement index from averaging of identical reflections collected at multiple positions along the diffraction vector is significantly lower than that for the Laue group $\bar 1$: Rpsi = 2.40%, where 13,109 reflections were collected, 4288 are unique for P1 symmetry, and Rpsi is based on a mean data redundancy factor of > 3. Both the data merging and an |E2–1| value of 0.773 indicate that P1 is the correct space group. The general formula for the gadolinite–datolite group is W2XZ2T2O8V2 (Z = 2) which we have expanded to 20 anions (Z = 1) to show the W-site cation ordering present in ‘minasgeraisite-(Y)’. Bismuth, Ca and REE are ordered over four W sites, with Bi dominant at W1, Ca dominant at W2, and Y dominant at W3 and W4. The dominant constituent at the X sites is a vacancy, and Ca does not occur at the X sites. Significant B and Si are assigned to the Be-dominant Z sites, and the T sites are occupied by Si. The simplified ‘minasgeraisite-(Y)’ formula (Z = 1) is BiCa(Y,Ln)2(□,Mn)2(Be,B,Si)4Si4O16 [(OH),O]4. ‘Minasgeraisite-(Y)’ should be assigned to a triclinic subgroup of the gadolinite–datolite group, and its lower symmetry suggests that Ca-substituted gadolinites and hingganites should be examined for evidence of triclinic symmetry associated with cation order at the W sites.
Categorisation of foot complaints in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from a New Zealand cohort
Authors: Otter Simon J. , Rohan Maheswaran , Davies Kevin A. , Kumar Sunil , Gow Peter , Dalbeth Nicola , Corkill Michael , Panthakalam Sam , Rome Keith
Published: July 2017

Background

Foot complaints have been shown to be common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and heterogeneous in nature. We aimed to categorize self‐reported foot complaints in people with SLE and foot symptoms.

Methods

A self‐administered validated questionnaire was posted to 406 people with SLE attending adult rheumatology clinics across three health boards in Auckland, New Zealand. In addition to foot pain, vascular complaints, dermatological lesions and neurological symptoms were included in the analysis. Pairwise correlations among the variables were undertaken followed by factor analysis to identify and categorise associations between reported foot complaints.

Results

From the questionnaires returned, 93 full datasets were analysed. Participants' were predominantly female (n = 87, 93.7%), with mean (SD) age of 50.4 (14.3) years and a mean (SD) disease duration of 13.1 (11) years. Three categories of foot complaint were determined: ‘foot pain’, ‘skin disorders' and ‘vascular insufficiency’. These three groups provided the best fit (0.91) to describe the wide range of foot complaints reported by those with SLE. Factor analysis for foot pain demonstrated a high positive loading for the inter‐correlation of foot pain in past month (0.83), foot pain today (0.71), intermittent claudication (0.71), numbness (0.62), loss of balance (0.81), swelling (0.59), foot joint pain (0.77), arch pain (0.68) and tendon pain (0.77). Skin disorders demonstrated a very high positive loading for 3 factors skin rash (0.82), blistering skin rash (0.95) and foot ulceration (0.88). In vascular insufficiency a high positive loading for cold feet (0.83), chilblains (0.76) and Raynaud's phenomenon (0.70).

Conclusions

This work suggests people with SLE report three independent categories of foot complaints; foot pain, skin disorders or vascular insufficiency.
Autophagy and inflammation
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Fang Xiaocong , Wang Xiangdong
Published: July 2017

Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism involved in the disposal of damaged organelles, denatured proteins as well as invaded pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Recently, increasing evidences have demonstrated its role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and thereby influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The detection of autophagy machinery facilitated the measurement of autophagy during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays critical roles in inflammation through influencing the development, homeostasis and survival of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes; effecting the transcription, processing and secretion of a number of cytokines, as well as being regulated by cytokines. Recently, autophagy‐dependent mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and so on. These studies suggested that modulation of autophagy might lead to therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with inflammation. Here we highlight recent advances in investigating the roles of autophagy in inflammation as well as inflammatory diseases.
Shape-Controlled Micro-Crystals of Chain-Like Zn(II) Coordination Polymer [Zn(NIA)EDA]∝ and Its Catalytic Performance
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Su Yuqun , Xu Jing , Xu Zhen-liang , Xu Haitao
Published: July 2017

In this study, a new Zn coordination polymer (Zn-CP), hereafter, 1Zn, was successfully assembled in a solvothermal system, exhibiting one-dimensional extended chains. 1Zn morphologies were controlled by temperature and surfactants. In addition, the catalytic performance of 1Zn microsized CP was investigated. Knoevenagel condensation after 4 h afforded a conversion of 86%, and a conversion greater than 96% was obtained for 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 4-bromobenzaldehyde because of their electron-withdrawing ligands. In addition, excellent selectivity was achieved for the degradation (64% conversion) of malachite green in aqueous solution. The microcrystal morphology affected the conversion, and a relative catalytic mechanism was proposed. The developed strategy of shape-controlled assembled CPs will certainly enhance new potential applications of micro-CPs.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Derivatives by Asymmetric Mannich Reaction in Flow
Authors: Yoshida Masahito , Umeda Koji , Doi Takayuki
Published: July 2017

A continuous flow synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives has been demonstrated using an asymmetric Mannich reaction. An enolate of tert-butyl acetate was successfully prepared in 10 s at room temperature in a flow reactor, and the desired β-amino acid derivatives were stereoselectively obtained within a short residence time (40 s) in moderate-to-good yields. Sequential N-alkylation of the Mannich product in the flow reactor was also achieved in the presence of DMPU that provided N-alkylated β-amino acid derivatives in good yields.
Towards a Political Theory of the Firm
Authors: Zingales Luigi
Published: July 2017

The revenues of large companies often rival those of national governments, and some companies have annual revenues higher than many national governments. Among the largest corporations in 2015, some had private security forces that rivaled the best secret services, public relations offices that dwarfed a US presidential campaign headquarters, more lawyers than the US Justice Department, and enough money to capture (through campaign donations, lobbying, and even explicit bribes) a majority of the elected representatives. The only powers these large corporations missed were the power to wage war and the legal power of detaining people, although their political influence was sufficiently large that many would argue that, at least in certain settings, large corporations can exercise those powers by proxy. Yet in economics, the commonly prevailing view of the firm ignores all these elements of politics and power. We must recognize that large firms have considerable power to influence the rules of the game. I call attention to the risk of a “Medici vicious circle,” in which economic and political power reinforce each other. The possibility and extent of a “Medici vicious circle” depends upon several nonmarket factors. I discuss how they should be incorporated in a broader “Political Theory” of the firm.
The Causes and Costs of Misallocation
Authors: Restuccia Diego , Rogerson Richard
Published: July 2017

Why do living standards differ so much across countries? A consensus in the development literature is that differences in productivity are a dominant source of these differences. But what accounts for productivity differences across countries? One explanation is that frontier technologies and best practice methods are slow to diffuse to low-income countries. The recent literature on misallocation offers a distinct but complementary explanation: low-income countries are not as effective in allocating their factors of production to their most efficient use. We provide our perspective on three key questions. First, how important is misallocation? Second, what are the causes of misallocation? And third, beyond the direct cost of lower contemporaneous output, are there additional costs associated with misallocation? A summary of our answers is as follows: Misallocation appears to be a substantial channel in accounting for productivity differences across countries, but the measured magnitude of the effects depends on the approach and context. Researchers have not yet found a dominant source of misallocation; instead, many specific factors seem to contribute a small part of the overall effect. Beyond the static cost of misallocation, we believe that the dynamic effects of misallocation on productivity growth are significant and deserve much more attention going forward.
International Monetary Relations: Taking Finance Seriously
Authors: Obstfeld Maurice , Taylor Alan M.
Published: July 2017

In this essay, we highlight the interactions of the international monetary system with financial conditions, not just with the output, inflation, and balance of payments goals usually discussed. We review how financial conditions and outright financial crises have posed difficulties for each of the main international monetary systems in the last 150 years or so: the gold standard, the interwar period, the Bretton Woods system, and the current system of floating exchange rates. We argue that even as the world economy has evolved and sentiments have shifted among widely different policy regimes, there remain three fundamental challenges for any international monetary and financial system: How should exchange rates between national currencies be determined? How can countries with balance of payments deficits reduce these without sharply contracting their economies and with minimal risk of possible negative spillovers abroad? How can the international system ensure that countries have access to an adequate supply of international liquidity—financial resources generally acceptable to foreigners in all circumstances? In concluding, we evaluate how the current international monetary system answers these questions.