bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soviet Social Hygienists and Sexology after the Revolution: Dynamics of “Capture” at Home and Abroad
Authors: Solomon Susan Gross
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY: In 1925, Dr. Grigorii Abramovich Batkis, the young social hygienist who was the leading figure in the kabinet of sexology ( seksologiia ) of the newly created State Institute of Social Hygiene in Moscow, published in Germany a twenty-four-page pamphlet on the sexual revolution in Russia. The inclusion of Batkis’s pamphlet in the prestigious series, Beitrage zum Sexualproblem , edited by Felix Theilhaber, might suggest that Soviet social hygiene research on sexual issues had struck resonance in international sexo-logical circles and that the intense efforts of Soviet scientists in the 1920s to “reclaim place” in international public health and medicine were bearing fruit. But appearances can be deceiving. While part of Batkis’s pamphlet was widely discussed in international circles, another part was studiously ignored. Moreover, Batkis’s pamphlet never appeared in Russia, nor did Batkis include the pamphlet in his list of publications. This article uses the puzzles surrounding Batkis’s pamphlet as a spring board to analyze Soviet seksologiia poised between the Russian and the international arenas for sexological research. What does the publication of this pamphlet in Germany tell us about Soviet social hygienists’ “capture” of place in international sexology? What was the relationship between social hygienists’ “capture” of place abroad and their “capture” of the sexological sciences at home? В 1925 году доктор Григорий Абрамович Баткис, молодой специ-алист в области социальной гигиены и ведущий сотрудник Кабинета сексологии недавно созданного московского Государственного инсти-тута социальной гигиены, опубликовал по-немецки 24-страничный памфлет о сексуальной революции в России. Этот памфлет вошел в престижную серию Beiträge zum Sexualproblem под редакцией Феликса Тайльхабера ( Felix Theilhaber ), что свидетельствует о наличии в между-народных сексологических кругах интереса к советским исследованиям в области социальной гигиены. Очевидно, активные попытки совет-ских ученых 1920-х годов утвердить за собой место в международном общественном здравоохранении и медицине приносили свои плоды. Но подобное впечатление может оказаться обманчивым. Иностранные ученые широко обсуждали лишь часть памфлета Баткиса, в то время как другая его часть тщательно игнорировалась. Более того, памфлет так и не увидел свет в России. Баткис никогда не включал его в свой список публикаций. В настоящей статье подобные неясности вокруг памфлета Баткиса служат начальной точной анализа советской сексо-логии, балансировавшей между российской и международной научной средой. Что говорит немецкая публикация памфлета Баткиса о месте, которое “захватили” советские социальные гигиенисты в международ-ной сексологии? И как соотносились между собой процесс “захвата” места за границей и освоение сексологической науки дома?
A Taste of Mistrust
Authors: Mühlfried Florian
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY: Commenting on the article by Harsha Ram, Florian Mühlfried emphasizes the role of the supra as an investment in social networking. In this respect, the supra appears as a key institution of social cohesion creating reciprocal bonds and feelings of obligation. Politically, it was not so much a form of anticolonial agency as a way of restricting colonial omnipotence. Комментируя статью Харши Рама, Флориан Мюльфрид подчеркивает роль супры как инвестиции в развитие социальных связей. В этом отношении супра оказывается ключевым институтом социальной интеграции, создающим узы взаимозависимости и взаимообязанности. В политическом плане супра воплощала не столько форму анктиколониальности, сколько способ ограничения всемогущества колонизатора.
On Warped Mourning and Omissions in Post-Soviet Historiography
Authors: Cherkaev Xenia
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY: This essay critiques Alexander Etkind’s series of “warped mourning” texts, which analyze the consequences of repressed histories while themselves neglecting important historical facts, such as the forced oblivion of Stalin in the post-1956 public discourse. Conspicuous factual omissions allow Etkind’s texts to denounce the Soviet “criminal state” from a position of noncomplicity, perpetuating a popular perestroika-era streamlined historiographic narrative that today is countered by “patriotic” historiography equally unproblematically uniting the Russian people and nation against imagined foreign aggression. The two positions are counterparts, this essay argues, united by a morally unambiguous relationship to the past and by the omission of “excessive” factual details that could complicate such an unproblematic identification. Статья критикует серию публикаций Александра Эткинда, посвященных проблематике “скомканного горя,” в которых анализируются присутствие политических репрессий в общественной памяти. В этих работах Эткинд игнорирует ряд исторических фактов, принципиальных для подобного анализа (например, превращение Сталина в “фигуру умолчания” после ХХ съезда КПСС). Тем самым автор продолжает традицию популярной историографии перестройки, сформулировавшей стратегию публичного осуждения советского режима без необходимости обсуждения вопроса о личной причастности к его злодеяниям. Данная статья подчеркивает недопустимость избирательного подхода к истории, так как именно на исторических пробелах возникло новое влиятельное заблуждение. Одномерной перестроечной историографии, игнорировавшей смысловые пробелы и неувязки, сегодня противопоставляется новая “патриотическая” идеология, объединяющая нацию против “внешнего врага,” как в настоящем времени, так и в оценках прошлого.
Вызов физиологии: советская психиатрия в 1930-е годы
Authors: ДЮФО Грегори
Published: March 2015

Цель этой статьи заключается в том, чтобы понять природу изменений, произошедших в психиатрии в 1930-е годы в результате конкуренции с физиологией и выступлений Анатолия Иванова-Смоленского. Вызов физиологии делал актуальными старые вопросы, на которые должны были ответить психиатры: какую роль отвести телу в понимании душевных болезней? Какое место должны занимать в психиатрии экспериментальные техники? Какие клинические методы должны стать приоритетными? Анализируя размышления психиатров, можно обнаружить смещение границ между соматическим и психическим и понять эволюцию биомедицинских наук. В то же время изучение психиатрии как дисциплины в конкретный исторический период помогает оценить степень вмешательства советского государства в науку и определить рамки профессиональной автономии его агентов.
The Values of the Georgian Supra : Nationalist or Nativist?
Authors: Nodia Ghia
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY: Responding to the article by Harsha Ram, Ghia Nodia shares his understanding of the phenomenon of Georgian traditional feasting (the supra ) as a cultural mechanism vis-à-vis the complex dynamics of political modernization, nation-building, and imperial domination. Nodia proposes to distinguish between “nativism” and “nationalism” as two forms of self-conscious local identification. Whereas nationalism insists on the sovereign subjectivity of a local community, nativism is performative in its manifestation of the local particularity: the former prioritizes the ability of a community to define its own cultural and political agenda, and the latter values the meticulous reproduction of local authenticity (traditional rituals, etc.). According to Nodia, the supra is the pinnacle of Georgian nativism. As such, it can be used as a vehicle for a truly nationalist mobilization, but otherwise can serve as a tacit or explicit endorsement of imperial power. From the perspective of the imperial metropolis, nativism presents a convenient way to co-opt national elites into the imperial political project, which explains a tolerant and even enthusiastic attitude toward forms of local authenticity such as the supra . Гия Нодия в своем отклике на статью Харши Рама делится своим пониманием феномена традиционного грузинского пира (супры) как культурного механизма, действующего в контексте сложной динамики политической модернизации, нациестроительства и имперского доминирования. Нодия предлагает различать “нативизм” и “национализм” как две формы осознанной локальной самоидентификации. В то время как национализм отстаивает суверенную субъектность местного сообщества, нативизм перформативен в своем проявлении локальной обособленности: первый выдвигает на первый план способность сообщества определять собственную культурную и политическую программу, последний настаивает на тщательном воспроизводстве местной аутентичности (традиционных ритуалов и т.п.). Согласно Нодия, супра является высшим воплощением грузинского нативизма. Поэтому супра может использоваться как в целях подлинной националистической мобилизации, так и для скрытой или явной легитимации имперской власти. С точки зрения метрополии империи, нативизм предлагает удобный формат кооптирования национальных элит в имперский политический проект, что объясняет толерантное и даже восторженное отношение к таким проявлениям местной аутентичности, как супра.
A Feisty Woman in Nineteenth-Century Mexico: Laura Méndez de Cuenca (1853–1928)
Authors: Bazant Mílada
Published: March 2015

This article deals with the history of Laura Méndez de Cuenca (1853–1928)—a teacher, pedagogue, writer, and Mexican representative to many international meetings on education. She was one of the first feminists in the country. This article is based on numerous sources and takes its inspiration from the theory and methodology of the history of daily life. It also takes into account the “nouvelle histoire” posited by the historian Jacques Le Goff, and therefore includes a fluid and literary narrative armed with psychological insight and a bit of fiction when needed to fill in the gaps in the historical record. Both the “truth” and the “believable”—the factual versus fictional/imagined narrative—are utilized to recreate the life of Laura, a technique now accepted by many historians and biographers. I believe that women biographers produce works of greater intensity because of our commitment to understanding a woman’s life and to redressing the under-representation of this type of biography.
Raising Pan Americans: Early Women Activists of Hemispheric Cooperation, 1916–1944
Authors: Berger Dina
Published: March 2015

This article examines the early years of the Pan American Round Table (PART), a women’s group founded in Texas in 1916 that internationalized to Latin America by 1928. While men built bridges and highways that connected the United States and Latin America, women of the PART built metaphorical ones of friendship and understanding. They acted as agents of “soft” diplomacy reshaping Pan Americanism, a U.S. foreign policy goal intended to foster commercial and political ties and to spread democracy in Latin America. Their activist work on behalf of Pan Americanism became a vehicle for personal and community enrichment: through education of self and public, they believed they could change attitudes toward Latin America and its people, yielding a common ground of mutual respect as their motto “liking comes from knowing” suggested. The PART is thus a model study for the interplay of gender, diplomacy, and foreign relations in the twentieth century.
Creating Madres Campesinas: Revolutionary Motherhood and the Gendered Politics of Nation Building in 1950s Bolivia
Authors: Pacino Nicole L.
Published: March 2015

Addressing the nation’s high infant and maternal mortality rate became a paramount priority following the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution. High infant mortality jeopardized the literal reproduction of the nation, therefore motherhood had to be reformed, sanitized, and modernized to fit new revolutionary ideals. Reproduction and women’s bodies were consequently at the heart of the revolutionary project. Attempts to improve child welfare drew women out of their homes and into health clinics where employees oversaw their nutrition, hygiene, and childcare regimens. They also fostered female solidarity linked specifically to maternal responsibilities, thereby inventing a notion of revolutionary motherhood inextricably linked to revolutionary goals. This process of expanding and modernizing maternal and infant health services reveal the gendered politics of nation building under the National Revolutionary Movement whose program for political change, economic development, and cultural transformation depended on a healthy and productive populace.
Modern Kitchens in the Pampas: Home Mechanization and Domestic Work in Argentina, 1940–1970
Authors: Pérez Inés
Published: March 2015

Discourses about the kitchen are a useful starting point to trace changing ways of looking at domestic work and women’s ideals in different times, especially within the home mechanization process. This article explores the emergence of different kitchen models in Argentinean popular media during the second half of the twentieth century. Specifically, it observes the ways in which the kitchen was represented in women’s magazines and how these representations were re-signified in the life stories of both men and women who witnessed and staged the mechanization of the home. Their appropriations of these models were not only diverse but also unequal. This text shows how experiences of housework and kitchen mechanization were marked by deep social and gender inequalities. It also shows the significance domestic work gained in the promotion of new modes of living and new standards of consumption.
“I had to Promise . . . Not to Ask ‘Nasty’ Questions Again”: African American Women and Sex and Marriage Education in the 1940s
Authors: Simmons Christina
Published: March 2015

Essays by women students saved by (white) Gladys Groves from sex and marriage education courses she taught at 1940s North Carolina black colleges show black women engaging with modern discourses of sexuality and marriage to critique repressive sexual socialization that stemmed from the still-powerful respectability code governing black women’s self-presentation. This article argues that, while these women still hoped to control sexuality, they also found the modern social scientific view useful for claiming the normality of youth sexuality and the legitimacy of women’s desire. Some took on the modern standard of female sexual responsiveness, but more used their new knowledge to critique the punitive treatment of childish sexual curiosity that they and others had commonly undergone. The research is significant because so few sources exist expressing the sexual experience and subjectivity of African American women, given the power of the sexual silence induced by the politics of respectability.
Not to Rely Completely on the Courts: Florynce “Flo” Kennedy and Black Feminist Leadership in the Reproductive Rights Battle, 1969–1971
Authors: Randolph Sherie M.
Published: March 2015

Flo Kennedy was a major lawyer for Abramowicz v. Lefkowitz , the class action suit that was a key part of the successful campaign to repeal New York’s restrictive abortion laws. Although by the late 1960s she was one of the country’s best-known Black feminists, her role in helping to legalize abortion has long since been forgotten. Histories of feminism emphasize the centrality of the predominantly white women’s movement’s effort to decriminalize abortion and overlook the innovative strategies that Kennedy adopted outside and inside the courtroom. These strategies laid the basis for the Supreme Court decision in the landmark case, Roe v. Wade . By viewing Kennedy’s activism in this struggle as in constant negotiation with the Black Power movement, rather than as estranged from or rejecting it, we can understand how she helped to shape the predominantly white reproductive rights movement.
L’Esthétique du fragment dans l’œuvre photo-textuelle de Leïla Sebbar
Authors: El Nossery Névine
Published: March 2015

Face à l’usure du temps et au silence du père, Leïla Sebbar semble procéder à un décryptage du passé à travers les mots et les images, afin de restituer tout ce qui ne lui a pas été transmis de “l’Algérie algérienne.” Cette étude démontre que le travail presque encyclopédique que Sebbar entreprend dans Mes Algéries en France (2004), Journal de mes Algéries en France (2005) et Voyage en Algéries autour de ma chambre (2008) sert à créer des “lieux de mémoire” ou mieux des contre-mémoires qui se dressent contre toute tentative de forger une histoire autoritaire. D’autre part, cet article montre que cet assemblage de photo-textualité souligne que la reconstitution de la mémoire doit passer nécessairement par le personnel et le collectif, réfutant d’une part l’idée que Susan Sontag avance qui nie l’existence de la mémoire collective, et dépassant d’autre part la notion de “postmémoire” élaborée par Marianne Hirsch. Finalement, il semble que la reconstitution mémorielle ne soit possible qu’à travers une écriture fragmentaire et inachevée, et qui reflète à son tour la nature fragmentaire du monde.
“Au sang! Ô sang!”: Corps féminin et écriture dans La Voyeuse interdite
Authors: Julien Hélène
Published: March 2015

Dans La Voyeuse interdite de Nina Bouraoui (1991), le corps féminin est présenté comme objet d’appropriation, d’aliénation et de cruauté, en même temps que l’écriture du texte crée une expérience de lecture inconfortable, voire douloureuse. Cet article se propose d’examiner le corps féminin et la violence perpétrée contre lui dans le texte, et plus précisément sa représentation, sa mise en texte et les implications de celles-ci. Seront donc considérés la relation entre corps féminin et parole féminine, puis la nature transgressive de la prise de parole féminine et de la mise en texte du corps féminin, et enfin les mécanismes par lesquels le texte devient instrument de reconstruction et d’affirmation du sujet féminin qui transcendent les structures de réduction au silence.
Allocution pour le Prix 2014—Conseil International d’Études Francophones: La Volatilité des sens
Authors: Brossard Nicole
Published: March 2015

Une anthologie de sa poésie est parue en 2008 sous le titre D’aube et de civilisation , suivie, en 2009, de deux autres anthologies de sa poésie: Mobility of Light (Laurier Press) et Selections: The Poetry of Nicole Brossard aux Presses de l’Université de Californie. Ses livres sont traduits en plusieurs langues: anglais, espagnol, catalan, allemand, slovène, norvégien, japonais, italien, etc. En 2010, elle recevait le titre d’Officier de l’Ordre du Canada et en 2013 celui de chevalière de l’Ordre national du Québec. En 2012, la revue de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, Voix et images , a consacré un numéro à son œuvre poétique. 2013 a vu la publication de la traduction anglaise de Piano blanc (2010), de la traduction espagnole du recueil Ardeur (2008) et de la traduction catalane de Musée de l’os et de l’Eau (1999, 2009), un dossier de vingt pages sur sa poésie dans la revue grecque Teflon , ainsi qu’un livre collectif, L’Inédit des sens , préparé par Jeanine Ricouart et Roseanna Dufault sur l’œuvre de Nicole Brossard. En 2013, elle a remporté le Prix International de la littérature francophone Benjamin Fondane . Elle est aussi récipiendaire du Prix ciéf (Centre international des Études francophones) 2014 et le Petit Robert des noms propres l’accueillait récemment dans son édition de 2015. Nicole Brossard vit à Montréal.
Heurts ou bonheurs au carrefour de trois cultures: Le Cas de Lina Moulay
Authors: Everson Vanessa
Published: March 2015

L’auteure qui fait l’objet de cet article, Lina Moulay, est issue d’un contexte multiculturel grec, français et marocain. Cet article se donne pour but de savoir si, quand plusieurs langues et cultures se rencontrent chez un même écrivain, cette convergence est source de conflits ou si, par contre, elle se fait dans le bonheur. Pour ce faire, l’étude se consacre au recueil de nouvelles Un Jour, l’Alcyon … de Moulay (1996) et prend comme point de départ sa préface. L’article, dont l’approche est synthétique, passe brièvement en revue douze des seize nouvelles dont il offre d’abord un court résumé. Il se propose ensuite de repérer les manifestations textuelles qui renvoient aux trois cultures que l’auteure porte en elle. Dans un troisième temps, il cherche à savoir si cette coexistence culturelle à triple volet se limite à une sensibilité créatrice accrue chez l’auteure ou bien si elle a des conséquences, heureuses ou malheureuses, sur son style d’écriture. Après avoir repéré et analysé ces conséquences, il finit par interroger la notion de bonheur telle qu’elle est présentée dans le recueil de nouvelles de Moulay.
Le Cimetière marin d’Andrée Christensen: Variations sur un thème connu
Authors: Ouellet François
Published: March 2015

Importante poète franco-ontarienne, Andrée Christensen a publié un premier roman en 2007, Depuis toujours, j’entendais la mer . Roman extrêmement dense, riche, étonnant, il emprunte à un discours mystique et cosmique, où la sensualité et l’émotion guident les personnages dans une quête d’identité qui les dépasse, et où la mort a préséance sur la vie, puisque vivre, c’est ici faire l’apprentissage de la mort et du retour à la mer/mère. Dans cette perspective, Christensen accorde au signifiant maternel une antériorité inaliénable sur la métaphore paternelle.
Le Statut du mariage dans la poésie orale camerounaise
Authors: Jousse Noël Ledoux Fotio
Published: March 2015

Ledoux Noël Fotio Jousse montre que parce que le mariage occupe une place importante dans la vie économique, sociale et politique, la poésie orale au Cameroun instruit sur la nécessité de bien éduquer les jeunes pour les préparer à leur futur rôle d’époux et d’épouses exemplaires. À ce sujet, la fille est la plus interpellée. Elle doit se montrer endurante et rester dans son foyer quelles que soient les difficultés rencontrées. À travers l’analyse de douze poèmes extraits de Voix de femmes de Gabriel Kuitche Fonkou, le présent article vise à montrer que le mariage au Cameroun n’est pas fait que de joie, d’idylle et de bonheur, mais aussi de vicissitudes.
Le Jardin des Plantes et Mon Nom est Rouge : Hypotypose, ekphrasis et thèmes communs
Authors: Kaya Mümtaz
Published: March 2015

Leurs romans situent respectivement Claude Simon—auteur français, prix Nobel de littérature en 1985—et Orhan Pamuk—auteur turc, prix Nobel de littérature en 2006—parmi les romanciers contemporains les plus novateurs, rejoignant pourtant une tradition remontant aux rhéteurs grecs. Leur écriture, en dialogue étroit avec la peinture d’espaces géographiques/humains réels et l’art de la miniature, combine la créativité exceptionnelle de l’écrivain et du peintre, si bien que Claude Simon illustre, dans Le Jardin des Plantes , le procédé de “l’hypotypose” qui rend vivante la description d’un référent réel au point que le lecteur “voit” ce référent se peindre dans son imagination. Quant à Orhan Pamuk, nous pensons qu’il est un des expérimentateurs de l’Ekphrasis. Cette figure de style jouant sur l’illusion visuelle ramène le lecteur, dans Mon nom est Rouge , soit par l’isotopie de la couleur, soit par le champ lexical du pictural, dans un monde oriental coloré et exotique; monde dans lequel le “lisible” devient “visible” grâce à la description réaliste d’un ouvrage d’art. Ce travail tend d’une part à illustrer des exemples de l’hypotypose et de l’ekphrasis pour montrer les rapports qu’entretient l’art du visible avec l’écriture et, d’autre part, à comparer les deux romans sur le thème de la guerre/lutte et de la peur.
Peuples Noirs, Peuples Africains à la croisée idéologique avec Fanon et Achebe
Authors: Adabra Kodjo
Published: March 2015

Avec Peau noire, masques blancs de Frantz Fanon, et Le Monde s’effondre de Chinua Achebe, une théorie sociale postcoloniale se concrétise dans la lutte de libération mentale de l’Africain face à l’ex-colonisateur et à la classe bourgeoise et dirigeante africaine, relais du maître Blanc. La contribution romanesque de l’auteur camerounais Mongo Beti à cet effort de société reste palpable; cependant, lorsqu’il s’agit de Peuples Noirs, Peuples Africains , sa revue publiée de 1978 à 1991, loin de mouler ses textes dans un discours purement théorique ou poétique, il parvient à asseoir une nette influence sociale du journalistique dans l’arène traditionnelle du romanesque. À partir d’une étude diatopique, thématique et philosophique qui fait de Peuples Noirs, Peuples Africains un palimpseste de la littérature africaine anti-néocolonialiste, cet article propose une contribution interdisciplinaire, à la croisée idéologique et romanesque de deux géants de la théorie postcoloniale africaine, Chinua Achebe et Frantz Fanon.
La Stratégie identitaire du caméléon dans Zelig de Woody Allen et Mektoub de Gilles Zenou
Authors: Remes Sirkka
Published: March 2015

Cet article propose une analyse comparée du film Zelig de Woody Allen (1983) et du roman Mektoub (1987) de Gilles Zenou. Dans Zelig , un homme se transforme sans cesse pour ressembler à ses interlocuteurs. Gilles Zenou (1957–1989), écrivain et philosophe juif marocain, s’empare à son tour de cette figure fortement perméable en mettant en scène un personnage-narrateur qui avance dans le monde à la manière d’un caméléon. Dans Mektoub , on suit ainsi un jeune protagoniste qui évolue dans une ville imaginaire du Maghreb où grondent de multiples révoltes. L’objectif de l’étude est de cerner la thématisation et les remodélisations de “l’homme-caméléon.” Le roman de Zenou est interprété à la fois dans son contexte postcolonial et par rapport à l’identité juive. Les notions d’exclusion, d’assimilation et d’admission permettent de comprendre comment la figure de l’homme-caméléon de Zenou se distingue de celle d’Allen. Pour Allen, l’identité est avant tout une performance. Mektoub et Zelig apportent une réponse différente à la question: la formation de l’identité individuelle est-elle possible sans appartenance à une collectivité? Selon Allen, un individu peut affirmer son identité unique face aux pressions uniformisantes à condition d’être aimé au moins par une personne. Selon Zenou, l’individu n’existe pas sans ses liens à une collectivité et ne peut choisir librement son identité.
Texte hybride, texte pluriel dans Une Vie de crabe de Tanella Boni et Le Royaume aveugle de Véronique Tadjo
Authors: Uetto-Békrou Viviane Gbadoua
Published: March 2015

L’article porte sur l’écriture hybride dont font preuve les écrivaines ivoiriennes Véronique Tadjo et Tanella Boni dans la construction de leurs ouvrages respectivement intitulés Le Royaume aveugle et Une Vie de crabe . L’étude, centrée sur l’ossature formelle de ces deux textes, accorde un intérêt accru à leur dimension structurale et au regard critique qui y est porté sur les dysfonctionnements socio-politiques et économiques de l’Afrique post-coloniale. S’inspirant, entre autres, des théories sur l’hybridité formulées par Homi Bhabha, Stuart Hall ou Françoise Lionnet, cette analyse entend montrer qu’à travers un entrelacement touchant aux genres littéraires, aux registres de langue ou à l’usage de l’oralité, ces deux écrivaines ivoiriennes inscrivent leurs textes dans le canevas de l’hybridité à travers des innovations tant thématiques, narratives, stylistiques que linguistiques.
Poétique de la souffrance dans Rêves sous le linceul et Nour, 1947 de Jean-Luc Raharimanana
Authors: Compan Magali
Published: March 2015

Dans “Poétique de la souffrance dans Rêves sous le linceul et Nour, 1947 de Raharimanana,” Magali Compan examine la profonde dynamique interculturelle du travail de remémoration présente dans les textes de l’auteur malgache Jean-Luc Raharimanana. L’écriture de Raharimanana nous encourage à penser la mémoire en tant qu’espace discursif malléable dans lequel les groupes communautaires et les individus existent à travers des interactions dialogiques autorisant ainsi la potentielle construction d’une mémoire collective détachée des versions exclusives de l’identité culturelle. Traversant de multiples frontières (culturelles, spatiales et temporelles), une telle écriture de la mémoire participe à la création d’une poétique de la souffrance dont l’un des potentiels est la mise en place de systèmes identitaires alternatifs célébrant ce qui est propre au genre humain, c’est à dire son humanité
Patient and Family Perspectives on Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Beach Mary Catherine , Forbes Lindsay , Branyon Emily , Aboumatar Hanan , Carrese Joseph , Sugarman Jeremy , Geller Gail
Published: March 2015

Respect and dignity are central to moral life, and have a particular importance in health care settings such as the intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted 15 semistructured interviews with 21 participants during an ICU admission to explore the definition of, and specific behaviors that demonstrate, respect and dignity during treatment in the ICU. We transcribed interviews and conducted thematic qualitative analysis. Seven themes emerged that focused on what it means to be treated with respect and/or dignity: treated as a person; Golden Rule; acknowledgement; treated as family/friend; treated as an individual; treated as important/valuable; and treated as equal. Participants described particular behaviors or actions that were considered related to demonstrating treatment with respect and dignity: listening; honesty/giving information; attention to body/modesty/appearance; caring/bedside manner; patient and family as an information source; attention to pain; and responsiveness. These behaviors provide a framework for improving experiences with care in the ICU.
Health Care Professionals’ Perceptions and Experiences of Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Geller Gail , Branyon Emily , Forbes Lindsay , Rushton Cynda H. , Beach Mary Catherine , Carrese Joseph , Aboumatar Hanan , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2015

Little is known about health care professionals’ perceptions regarding what it means to treat patients and families with respect and dignity in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. To address this gap, we conducted nine focus groups with different types of health care professionals (attending physicians, residents/fellows, nurses, social workers, pastoral care, etc.) working in either a medical or surgical ICU within the same academic health system. We identified three major thematic domains, namely, intrapersonal (attitudes and beliefs), interpersonal (behaviors), and system (contextual) factors that influence treatment with respect and dignity. Participants suggested strategies for improving treatment of patients and families in the ICU with respect and dignity, as well as the related need for enhancing respect among the multidisciplinary team of clinicians. Implementing these strategies will require innovative educational interventions and leadership. Future research should focus on the design and evaluation of such interventions on the quality of care.
Observations of Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Carrese Joseph , Forbes Lindsay , Branyon Emily , Aboumatar Hanan , Geller Gail , Beach Mary Catherine , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2015

Treating patients and their family members with respect and dignity is a broadly accepted goal of health care. The work presented in this article is part of a larger project aimed at better understanding what constitutes treatment with respect and dignity in the ICU to improve the care that patients and family members receive in this regard. Direct observation was selected as one of the methods to facilitate this understanding because it provides the opportunity to see and document what actually occurs during encounters among patients, their families, and clinicians. This article reports seven major thematic domains and many subthemes that together create a detailed account of the interpersonal and environmental components of treatment with respect and dignity. Attention to these components might enhance the experience and treatment of patients and family members.
Understanding Treatment with Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Aboumatar Hanan , Forbes Lindsay , Branyon Emily , Carrese Joseph , Geller Gail , Beach Mary Catherine , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2015

Despite wide recognition of the importance of treating patients with respect and dignity, little is known about what constitutes treatment in this regard. The intensive care unit (ICU) is a unique setting that can pose specific threats to treatment with respect and dignity owing to the critical state of patients, stress and anxiety amongst patients and their family members, and the highly technical nature of the environment. In attempt to understand various stakeholders’ perspectives of treatment with respect and dignity, patients and family members were interviewed, a wide range of health care professionals participated in focus groups, and third party observers took field notes of interactions in the ICU. This paper compares and contrasts the data that were generated using these different methods. Triangulating the data in this way contributes to a more complete and nuanced understanding of treatment with respect and dignity in the ICU.
Measuring Patients’ Experiences of Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study
Authors: Aboumatar Hanan , Beach Mary Catherine , Yang Ting , Branyon Emily , Forbes Lindsay , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2015

In this study, we tested the feasibility of conducting quantitative assessments of patients’ experiences with care in the intensive care unit (ICU), in regard to treatment with respect and dignity. Patients completed the Patient Dignity Inventory, Collaborate, and selected domains from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems Survey. Family members were additionally surveyed using the Family Satisfaction in ICU Care questionnaire. Overall, patients reported high levels of satisfaction in terms of nurses and doctors treating them with courtesy and respect; however, physical aspects of care were reported to be more problematic. While this pilot study suggests some target areas for improving treatment with respect and dignity, the findings are limited since many patients were unable to participate in the survey. Future work should be directed at developing new measures that are easier to administer in this setting.
Toward Treatment With Respect and Dignity in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2015

Despite concern that patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may not be treated with respect and dignity, there is not conceptual clarity regarding what constitutes such treatment. In addition, measures specific to treatment with respect and dignity in the ICU are unavailable. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary group developed a conceptual model for treatment with respect and dignity in the ICU and used mixed methods to gather data on this issue. This effort included interviews with patients and families, focus groups with health care professionals, and direct observations. These data were then compared and contrasted to synthesize what was learned. Finally, pilot quantitative patient and family survey data were collected and analyzed. Each of these approaches, which comprise the papers in this supplement to Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics , is briefly described in this article.
Respect and Dignity: A Conceptual Model for Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Henry Leslie Meltzer , Rushton Cynda , Beach Mary Catherine , Faden Ruth
Published: March 2015

Although the concept of dignity is commonly invoked in clinical care, there is not widespread agreement—in either the academic literature or in everyday clinical conversations—about what dignity means. Without a framework for understanding dignity, it is difficult to determine what threatens patients’ dignity and, conversely, how to honor commitments to protect and promote it. This article aims to change that by offering the first conceptual model of dignity for patients in the intensive care unit. The conceptual model we present is based on the notion that there are three sources of patients’ dignity—their shared humanity, personal narratives, and autonomy—each of which independently warrants respect. The article describes each source of dignity and draws on examples to illustrate how clinician attitudes, actions, and behaviors can either contribute to, or detract from, expressions of respect for patient dignity.
Self-Insight in the Time of Mood Disorders: After the Diagnosis, Beyond the Treatment
Authors: Tekin Şerife
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This paper explores the factors that contribute to the degree of a mood disorder patient’s self-insight, defined here as her understanding of the particular contingencies of her life that are responsive to her personal identity, interpersonal relationships, illness symptoms, and the relationship between these three necessary components of her lived experience. I consider three factors: (i) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), (ii) the DSM culture, and (iii) the cognitive architecture of the self. I argue that the symptom-based descriptions of mood disorders, which eliminate the subjective features of the patient’s illness experience, in conjunction with the features of the DSM culture and the cognitive biases that guide the patient, contribute to the impoverishment of her self-insight. The resulting impoverished self-insight would prevent her from developing resourceful responses to her interpersonal problems. In analyzing how these factors combine to influence the patient’s self-insight, I distinguish the therapeutic impact of receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, which facilitates patient’s clinical treatment, from its reflective impact, how the diagnosis informs the patient’s reflection on who she is, how her mental disorder is expressed, and how her interpersonal relationships proceed. I substantiate my argument by considering a patient’s memoir of psychopathology.
Existential and Atmospheric Feelings in Depressive Comportment
Authors: Jacobs Kerrin , Stephan Achim , Paskaleva-Yankova Asena , Wilutzky Wendy
Published: March 2015

The goal of this paper is to give an account of typical changes of existential and atmospheric feelings in depressive comportment . It seems quite obvious that patterns of depressive experience and behavior differ in many respects from ‘normal’ patterns of encounters with the world. Although these patterns are manifested by a variety of surface behaviors, our interest lies rather in the general structure that underlies depressive comportment (here, particularly as it is expressed by more specific experiences, evaluative patterns, and behaviors). To understand how severe the changes are that are characteristic of depressive comportment, we first introduce a structure that implicitly underlies most of our encounters with the world, namely affective intentionality . The concept of affective intentionality captures the experiential unity of phenomenality and intentionality, as well as the bodily aspects, which are expressed in human comportments. To develop, eventually, in more detail how depressive comportment differs from nondepressive comportments, we provide a detailed analysis of narratives found in autobiographical reports of depressed persons published over the last 40 years. We also take into account responses to an online survey that was conducted as part of a philosophical study of depression at the University of Durham with the support of SANE, London. The analysis unfolds along the dimensions of both elementary and non-elementary existential feelings, as well as atmospheric feelings.
Are You Morally Modified?: The Moral Effects of Widely Used Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Levy Neil , Douglas Thomas , Kahane Guy , Terbeck Sylvia , Cowen Philip J. , Hewstone Miles , Savulescu Julian
Published: March 2015

Abstract: A number of concerns have been raised about the possible future use of pharmaceuticals designed to enhance cognitive, affective, and motivational processes, particularly where the aim is to produce morally better decisions or behavior. In this article, we draw attention to what is arguably a more worrying possibility: that pharmaceuticals currently in widespread therapeutic use are already having unintended effects on these processes, and thus on moral decision making and morally significant behavior. We review current evidence on the moral effects of three widely used drugs or drug types: (i) propranolol, (ii) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and (iii) drugs that effect oxytocin physiology. This evidence suggests that the alterations to moral decision making and behavior caused by these agents may have important and difficult-to-evaluate consequences, at least at the population level. We argue that the moral effects of these and other widely used pharmaceuticals warrant further empirical research and ethical analysis.
The Effect of Gender and Race Intersectionality on Student Learning Outcomes In Engineering
Authors: Ro Hyun Kyoung , Loya Karla I.
Published: March 2015

Women and underrepresented minorities in traditionally White and male-dominated disciplines tend to report lower learning outcomes than their White peers. Adopting a feminist intersectionality framework, this study looks at the intersections of gender and race to investigate differences in self-assessed learning outcomes in engineering undergraduate education. We found that Black women, Asian men, and men from Other racial/ethnic groups tend to rate their skills lower than their White counterparts. We suggest future research to examine overlooked differences in learning outcomes as well as recruitment and retention strategies for women and men of color.
The Massive Open Online Course Movement, xMOOCs, and Faculty Labor
Authors: Rhoads Robert A. , Camacho Maria Sayil , Toven-Lindsey Brit , Lozano Jennifer Berdan
Published: March 2015

Using critical discourse analysis, the authors examine a broad range of texts to make sense of the rise of the MOOC movement and implications for faculty work. Drawing on Braverman’s labor process theory and critiques of neoliberalism, the authors highlight the role of xMOOCs in particular, focusing on challenges to faculty labor. They organize deductively driven findings into three key areas: 1) context for the rise of MOOCs; 2) xMOOCs and reshaping faculty labor; and 3) opposition arising from the professorate. Within these three categories they explore inductively driven findings generated by their analysis of over 200 texts.
How Much of A “Running Start” Do Dual Enrollment Programs Provide Students?
Authors: Cowan James , Goldhaber Dan
Published: March 2015

We study a popular dual enrollment program in Washington State, “Running Start” using a new administrative database that links high school and postsecondary data. Conditional on prior high school performance, we find that students participating in Running Start are more likely to attend any college but less likely to attend four-year colleges in the year after high school graduation. Additionally, we find evidence that data limitations common to previous studies of dual enrollment have substantial impacts on the estimates of dual enrollment on college outcomes.
Lessons from the Field: Cultivating Nurturing Environments in Higher Education
Authors: Turner Caroline S.
Published: March 2015

This article explores how a scholarly learning journey, as a student and faculty member, brings one back to an understanding of the value of knowledge gained in one’s home community, and provides insight on how to foster settings for others to cultivate knowledge.
“It is a pity you are not a woman”: John Lyly and the Creation of Woman
Authors: Kesson Andy
Published: March 2015

This article considers Lyly’s formative place in the development of roles for female characters in early modern drama. It discusses the centrality and dominance of such characters in Lylian plays and explores the relationship between this playwright and his theatre companies. The first section charts the exploration of the possibilities of female identity within the contingencies of patriarchal power in Lyly’s early work, whilst the second section traces the dramaturgical investigation of female subjectivity in The Woman in the Moon . The article then considers Lyly’s own exclusion from the literary canon as itself an example of misogyny, and demonstrates the much more positive relationship with female characters in his work.
Anatomy of an Actress: Bel-imperia as Tragic Diva
Authors: Brown Pamela Allen
Published: March 2015

Bel-imperia is a star player in The Spanish Tragedy , using bravura theatricality as she drives the plot forward and seeks revenge for the deaths of two lovers. With this novel role Kyd invokes the virtuosic performances of professional actresses, who first emerged in the commedia dell’arte in Italy in the 1560s. Their scenes of pathos and passion extended the arte’s reach beyond comedy to tragicomedies and tragedies. Playwrights and actors began to create new female-centered plays to showcase the actress’s presence and skills. This trend eventually affected the all-male stage, nowhere more clearly than in The Spanish Tragedy . Kyd refers explicitly to the Italian troupes, which gained international fame and royal patrons performing both improvised plays based on scenarios and fully scripted and memorized five-act plays. He built an innamorata in the Italian mode, translating her to the English stage with spectacular scenes mingling witty eroticism and tragic violence. Kyd stresses her virtuosity and multi-generic range while spinning a web of allusions to far-flung spheres featuring royal women and courtly politics, mixed-gender players and playing, and dramatic innovations in Italy, France, and Spain. The Spanish Tragedy shows that English playwrights used models forged abroad to fashion Italian-style leading “women” just as the commercial stages were striving to expand the repertory, attract paying audiences, and satisfy courtly tastes. Bel-imperia, played by a boy, is Kyd’s bold attempt to answer Hieronymo’s question: “For what’s a play without a woman in it?”
The Actress and Baroque Aesthetic Effects in Renaissance Drama
Authors: Tomlinson Sophie
Published: March 2015

Feminist scholarship over the past twenty five years has shed significant light on the cultural, political and social dimensions of women’s performance in the European Renaissance. This essay proposes that, in addition to these perspectives, we bring aesthetic curiosity and responsiveness to the dramatic texts in which female performance is encoded. As part of that enquiry, it focuses attention on periodicity, finding both historical relevance and stylistic resonance for Renaissance drama in the idea of the Baroque. These issues are pursued through analyses of what Rachel Poulsen has termed an “actress effect” in Shakespeare’s The Two Gentlemen of Verona (c.1590-91), Beaumont and Fletcher’s The Maid’s Tragedy (c.1610-11) and Lording Barry’s The Family of Love (1604-6). In the first two plays, the suffering figure of the lamenting Ariadne stands as an exemplar of the theatrical woman. In Barry’s parodic comedy, citizen wife and witty heroine are united by their theatricality and sensuality, with the innamorata overtly (and uniquely in drama of the period) acknowledged as an “actress.” In each play, the manipulation of an actress effect contributes vitally to the playwrights’ provision of novelty and theatrical pleasure to their diverse audiences.