bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloudy-sky contributions to the direct aerosol effect
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn H. , Mohr Christian W. , Alterskjær Kari , Balkanski Yves , Bellouin Nicolas , Chin Mian , Haywood James , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kinne Stefan , Lin Guangxing , Lund Marianne T. , Penner Joyce E. , Schulz Michael , Schutgens Nick , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The radiative forcing of the aerosol–radiation interaction can be
decomposed into clear-sky and cloudy-sky portions. Two sets of multi-model
simulations within Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom), combined with observational methods, and the
time evolution of aerosol emissions over the industrial era show that the
contribution from cloudy-sky regions is likely weak. A mean of the
simulations considered is 0.01±0.1 W m−2. Multivariate data
analysis of results from AeroCom Phase II shows that many factors influence
the strength of the cloudy-sky contribution to the forcing of the
aerosol–radiation interaction. Overall, single-scattering albedo of
anthropogenic aerosols and the interaction of aerosols with the short-wave
cloud radiative effects are found to be important factors. A more dedicated
focus on the contribution from the cloud-free and cloud-covered sky fraction,
respectively, to the aerosol–radiation interaction will benefit the
quantification of the radiative forcing and its uncertainty range.
Observations on aerosol optical properties and scavenging during cloud events
Authors: Ruuskanen Antti , Romakkaniemi Sami , Kokkola Harri , Arola Antti , Mikkonen Santtu , Portin Harri , Virtanen Annele , Lehtinen Kari E. J. , Komppula Mika , Leskinen Ari
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Long term statistics of atmospheric aerosol and especially cloud scavenging were studied at the Puijo measurement station in Kuopio, Finland, during October 2010–November 2014. Aerosol size distributions, scattering coefficients at three different wavelengths (450 nm, 550 nm, and 700 nm), and absorption coefficient at wavelength 637 nm were measured with a special inlet system to sample interstitial and total aerosol in clouds. On average, accumulation mode particle concentration was found to be temperature dependent with lowest average concentrations of 200 cm−3 around 0 °C increasing to more than 800 cm−3 for temperatures higher than 20 °C. From the in-cloud measurements, both scattering and absorbing material scavenging efficiencies were observed to have slightly increasing temperature dependence. At 0 °C the efficiencies of scattering and absorbing matter were 0.85 and 0.55 with slopes of 0.005 °C−1 and 0.003 °C−1, respectively. Additionally, scavenging efficiencies were studied as a function of the diameter at which half of the particles are activated into cloud droplets. This analysis indicated that the is a higher fraction of absorbing material, typically black carbon, in smaller sizes so that at least 20–30 % of interstitial particles within clouds consist of absorbing material. In addition, the PM1-inlet revealed that approximately 20 % of absorbing material was observed to reside in particles with ambient diameter larger than ~ 1 µm at relative humidity below 90 %. Similarly, 40 % of scattering material was seen to be in particles larger than 1 µm. Altogether, this dataset provides information on size dependent aerosol composition that can be applied in evaluating how well large-scale aerosol models reproduce aerosol composition, especially with respect to scavenging in stratus clouds.
A 3D-model inversion of methyl chloroform to constrain the atmospheric oxidative capacity
Authors: Naus Stijn , Montzka Stephen A. , Patra Prabir K. , Krol Maarten C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Variations in the atmospheric oxidative capacity, largely determined by variations in the hydroxyl radical (OH), form a key uncertainty in many greenhouse and other pollutant budgets, such as that of methane (CH4). Methyl chloroform (MCF) is an often-adopted tracer to indirectly put observational constraints on variations in OH. We investigated the budget of MCF in a 4DVAR inversion using the atmospheric transport model TM5, for the period 1998–2018, with the objective to derive information on interannual variations in OH and in its spatial distribution. We derived interannual variations in the global oxidation of MCF that bring simulated mole fractions of MCF within 1–2 % of the assimilated observations from the NOAA-GMD surface network at most sites. Additionally, the posterior simulations better reproduce aircraft observations used for independent validation. The derived OH variations showed robustness with respect to the prior MCF emissions and the prior OH distribution. The interannual variations were typically small (
Comparative assessment of biofilm sampling methods on stainless steel surfaces in a CDC biofilm reactor
Authors: Niboucha Nissa , Goetz Coralie , Jean Julie
Published: July 2020

The presence of biofilms on stainless steel surfaces in the dairy industry greatly limits the efficiency of the cleaning procedures. The matrix of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the embedded bacteria is largely responsible for this irreversible binding. Therefore, to detach the biofilm in its entirety from the surface for microbiological identification and physico-chemical characterization is limited with the classical methods commonly used for surface sampling such as swabbing. The objective of this study is to optimize an extraction technique of biofilm formed using a dynamic CDC bioreactor system by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from the dairy industry during a biofilm issue. Three methods: swabbing, scraping and sonic brushing were tested in order to determine which one of these techniques allows a better recovery of the biofilm. They were also compared to sonication which is the standard method established by ASTM International. The results demonstrated that the total viable counts obtained by scraping (8.65 ± 0.07 CFU/cm2) were not significantly different from those achieved by sonication (8.74 ± 0.06 CFU/cm2) in contrast to the other two approaches, while scanning electron microscopy showed an effective removal of biofilms from surfaces by sonic brushing. In conclusion, other combinations including brushing, sonication and/or scraping must be investigated for representative sampling of biofilm on the surfaces of dairy plants.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel quaternary ammonium salts against Staphylococcus Aureus in biofilm and planktonic form
Authors: Markova Aneta , Hympanova Michaela , Marek Jan , Prchal Lukas
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are widely spread cationic surfactants applicable in various industrial branches. QASs manifesting antibacterial effect contain hydrophilic core and a long alkyl chain in the structure. These compounds have strong antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria strains especially non-spore forming, yeasts, or protozoa. S. Aureus is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections and plays an important role in the persistence of chronic infections, especially when it’s attached to medical implants and host tissue, and developed in mature biofilm. Either way, this pathogen represents a significant burden on the healthcare system and new antimicrobial compounds are always required in clinical practice.

Hypothesis and aims: Our main research activity involves the synthesis of novel compounds based on QASs and evaluating their eradication ability against pathogenic S. Aureus in biofilm and free-floating form and subsequent effectivity comparison against these two different bacterial states. 

Methodology: All newly prepared compounds were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction, verified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS). The antimicrobial properties were evaluated by microdilution broth assay and by Calgary device based assay with MIC, MBC, and MBEC as outcomes.

Results: Series of novel QAS were prepared and verified. The MICs, MBCs, and MBECs were measured for all substances and have shown antimicrobial potential against S. Aureus in both states, however higher concentration was needed for biofilm eradication. The activities of newly prepared compounds were comparable to QASs based disinfections already known and commonly used in practice.

Conclusion: Series of synthesized compounds underwent antimicrobial evaluation and several compounds have shown antimicrobial potential against S. Aureus in planktonic and biofilm form.
The phycobiota-derived proteins Pµ84 and Pµ19 suppress bacterial biofilm formation in gram-negative pathogens
Authors: Han Yuchen , Streit Wolfgang R. , Krohn Ines
Published: July 2020

Microalgae are typically found in freshwater and marine systems and they harbor a mostly a beneficial growth promoting microbiota. We have recently isolated several small proteins from the microbiomes of microalga (Scenedesmus quadricauda, Microasterias crux-melintensis, Chlorella saccherophilia) and have tested them for their role in either inhibition of biofilm formation and/or biofilm degradation. Thereby we have identified two candidate proteins that showed promising activities on biofilm inhibition and degradation. These proteins were designated Pµ84 and Pµ19 and strongly affected biofilm formation in several human- and plant-pathogenic bacteria. Recombinant and purified Pµ84 and Pµ19 were applied in biofilm assays in microtiter plates and reduced biofilms formed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. If expressed in the different hosts, biofilms were reduced by a factor of 40% and if applied as exogenous proteins, biofilms were reduced up to 20%. Pµ84 application also resulted in a delayed biofilm formation and biofilm formation was affected by a factor of 17%. The microprotein Pµ19 consist of 57 aa and Pµ84 consists of 49 aa. Ongoing work elucidates the mechanism of Pµ84 and Pµ19 on the reduction of biofilm in order to achieve the optimal activity.
How to Measure Diffusion Coefficients in Biofilms: A Critical Analysis
Authors: van den Berg Lenno , van Loosdrecht Mark , de Kreuk Merle
Published: July 2020

Effective diffusion coefficients are often required for kinetic descriptions of biofilms. Many previous studies have measured diffusion coefficients for specific molecule-biofilm combinations. As a result, many biofilm researchers today rely on literature values of diffusion coefficients for their own biofilm system. However, the reported diffusion coefficients in literature fall within a wide range, even for the same molecule. One potential cause of this range is the accuracy of the methods used to measure diffusion coefficients. The objective of this study was to determine the precision (similarity between repeated experiments) and bias (difference between measured and true diffusion coefficient) of six common methods. The six selected methods were based on determining mass balances and on microelectrode measurements. The precision and bias were quantified based on mathematical models of the six methods, with oxygen diffusion in granular sludge as a case study. The precision was assessed by a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, which considers the propagation of uncertainty in the input experimental parameters. The bias was determined for six potential sources of error: solute sorption, biomass deactivation, a concentration boundary layer, granule roughness, granule shape, and granule size distribution. From the Monte Carlo analysis, it followed that the precision of the methods ranged from 4-77% relative standard deviation. The microelectrode methods were more accurate than the mass balance methods. The bias due to the combined effect of the six errors was an underestimation of the diffusion coefficient by 74%. This shows that current methods are unable to accurately determine diffusion coefficients. We do not propose improvements to the current methods, but instead discuss why inaccurate diffusion coefficients are sufficient for accurate engineering of biofilm processes. 
Nucleating biofilms for biotechnology using synthetic polymers
Authors: Adoni Pavan , Overton Tim , Fernandez-Trillo Paco Fernandez-Trilli
Published: July 2020

This project is on developing robust biocatalysts in the form of enzymes expressed in biofilms. The aim is to design polymer scaffolds onto which bacteria adhere in a controlled manner, to form biofilms that can be used in biotechnology. Poly(acryloyl hydrazide) has been chosen as the polymer scaffold, due to easy synthesis and post-polymerization modification resulting in highly functional polymers1 that are predicted to interact and cluster bacteria together. In this study poly(acryloyl hydrazide) with a range of hydrophobic functionalities were used to cluster and interact with two biofilm forming isogenic E.coli K-12 strains; PHL644 containing a point mutation ompR234 resulting in the overexpression of curli (a biofilm adhesin) and its parental wild type MC4100, with data showing correlations between polymer hydrophobicity, bacterial clustering and biofilm intensity in both strains. 

Data suggests these polymer induced clusters go on to develop many of the traits of a biofilm; crystal violet staining, lectin staining, and the use of reporter genes have confirmed the presence of extracellular polymeric substances, with their expression levels being directly linked to polymer hydrophobicity. Furthermore our polymers are able to boost biofilm intensity of MC4100 to the levels of PHL644, thereby opening up a potential avenue for non-biofilm forming but industrially relevant strains to experience the benefits of being in biofilm form (robustness, chemical and mechanical resistance).

Biocatalytic ability of our polymer induced biofilms has also been tested, again with polymer properties dictating biotransformation yields.

Finally, preliminary results have shown that we are able to selectively disperse our polymer induced biofilms, and then re-induce them by simply altering polymer properties in situ, providing a potentially useful reversible platform.

Polym. Chem., 2017,8, 4576-4584
Optimization analysis of active solar still using design of experiment method
Authors: Abu Abbas Mohammad Omar , Al-Abed Allah Malik Yousef , Al-Oweiti Qias Nedal
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Mathematical model for different configurations of active solar still has been analyzed. Theoretical analysis of energy balance for the active solar still components has been developed. A statistical manner for examination, evaluation, and optimizing the performance of the active solar distillation system with known input factors has been performed using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method. Some processes with input variables (factors), and predicted output variables (responses) have been evaluated. Input factors influencing the responses have been identified. The impact of each variable (factor) and integration of two factors at the same time (called interactions) have been estimated. Influences of various factors on a particular study at a time rather than performing different separated studies have been investigated. 11 variables (basin area, depth of saline water, external power, air blowing system, condenser material, condenser thickness, condenser area, insulation thickness, insulation material, ambient air temperature, and make-up water system ) have been studied to show their effects on three responses (mass output, saline water temperature and condenser cover temperature). The statistical results showed that the most significant factors affected on mass output (distilled water), respectively, were the external power, the depth of the saline water and the basin area of the active still. While the most influence factors affecting the saline water temperature and the condenser cover temperature were the depth of saline water, external power and air blowing system respectively.
Developing a hydrological monitoring and sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting system for South and Southeast Asian river basins
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Kumar Sujay V. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Matin Mir A. , Qamer Faisal M. , Zamora Ryan A. , Shakya Kiran
Published: July 2020

Abstract. South and Southeast Asia is subject to significant hydrometeorological extremes, including drought. Under rising temperatures, growing populations, and an apparent weakening of the South Asian monsoon in recent decades, concerns regarding drought and its potential impacts on water and food security are on the rise. Reliable sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) hydrological forecasts could, in principle, help governments and international organizations to better assess risk and act in the face of an oncoming drought. Here, we leverage recent improvements in S2S meteorological forecasts and the growing power of Earth Observations to provide more accurate monitoring of hydrological states for forecast initialization. Information from both sources is merged in a South and Southeast Asia sub-seasonal to seasonal hydrological forecasting system (SAHFS-S2S), developed collaboratively with the NASA SERVIR program and end-users across the region. This system applies the Noah-MultiParameterization (NoahMP) Land Surface Model (LSM) in the NASA Land Information System (LIS), driven by downscaled meteorological fields from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) and Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation products (CHIRP and CHIRPS) to optimize initial conditions. The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model - sub-seasonal to seasonal (GEOS-S2S) forecasts, downscaled using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) General Analog Regression Downscaling (GARD) tool and quantile mapping, are then applied to drive 5-km resolution hydrological forecasts to a 9-month forecast time horizon. Results show that the skillful predictions of root zone soil moisture can be made one to two months in advance for forecasts initialized in rainy seasons and up to 8 months when initialized in dry seasons. The memory of accurate initial conditions can positively contribute to forecast skills throughout the entire 9-month prediction period in areas with limited precipitation. This SAHFS-S2S has been operationalized at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) to support drought monitoring and warning needs in the region.
OLD RAUMA (FINLAND): LIVING AND RESEARCHING VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Caruso M. , García-Soriano L.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Old Rauma is a Finnish medieval town. It was founded in the 15th century and although it went through several modifications, it maintained significative features of medieval Nordic urbanism and vernacular architecture. Buildings mostly consist of logs-timber structures, even if there are also few cases of stone constructions; dwellings are usually simple volumes composed of a stone cellar, a first main floor and an attic, that is used for ventilation and secondary domestic activities. The wood is the most used material and slabs, floors, doors, windows, finishing and decorations are made of it. People still live in traditional dwellings or use them with other functions. Some significant changes were necessary to adapt the buildings to the modern lifestyle: although some of them were quite modifying, the upgrades are often operated by using traditional techniques, materials and by maintaining the most relevant architectural features. Thank to this habit, Old Rauma is one of the largest and most important examples of Nordic traditional architecture. This text will present the results of 2 months of direct field research, by explaining the work methodology, its results and some considerations about them. The analysis has been conducted during a traineeship at Tammela Centre (Rauma) and it has been carried out by visual surveys, bibliographical researches, active participation to seminars and activities, photographical cataloguing and through interviews with local professionals, experts and inhabitants.
THE INFLUENCE OF DOSAGE AND PRODUCTION PROCESS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR LIME MORTARS
Authors: Garijo L. , Zhang X. X. , Ruiz G. , Ortega J. J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper studies the influence of five different factors affecting the dosage and production process of seven types of air lime mortars on their physical and mechanical properties. Such factors comprise the water/lime ratio, the aggregate type and size, the material of the mold and the curing conditions. Moreover, some physical and mechanical properties, not usually measured on air lime mortars, are obtained, such as open porosity, splitting tensile strength, fracture energy and elastic modulus measured through prisms. The results show that under the three different water/lime ratios tested, the material experiences a structural weakening. Ambient curing conditions were more favorable for air lime mortars than high humid ones. Moreover, it is observed that fabrication with wooden molds provided higher mechanical properties as they absorbed the free water, although this effect was probably local. Air lime mortar with an aggregate size of 2 mm had lower consistency in a fresh state as finer sands were more water demanding and the mechanical properties of this mortar were slightly lower than those of mortar with aggregate sizes of 0/4 mm. Furthermore, using limestone aggregates improved the continuity between the lime and the matrix. This fact resulted in higher mechanical properties of the mortars with limestone aggregates in comparison to those with river sand when maintaining the same water/lime ratios. This study can suppose a further step in the improvement of the dosage methodology of air lime mortars.
Radar coherence and NDVI ratios as landslide early warning indicators
Authors: Jacquemart Mylène , Tiampo Kristy
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The catastrophic failure of the Mud Creek landslide on California’s Big Sur Coast on 20 May 2017 highlighted once again how difficult it is to detect a landslide’s transition from slow moving to catastrophically unstable. Automatic detection methods that rely on InSAR displacement measurements to detect precursory acceleration are available but can be plagued by imaging geometry complexities and tedious processing algorithms. Here, we present a novel approach for assessing landslide stability by using relative interferometric coherence from Sentinel-1 and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2. Our method computes the ratio of mean interferometric coherence or NDVI on the unstable slope relative to that of the surrounding hillslope. We show that the coherence ratio of the Mud Creek landslide dropped by 50 % when the slide began to accelerate five months prior to its catastrophic failure in 2017. Coincidentally, the NDVI ratio began a near-linear decline. In contrast, the landslide accelerated during the rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016, but neither of those accelerations resulted in a drop of the radar coherence ratio. This suggests that radar coherence and NDVI ratios may be able to aid in both the early detection of landslides and indicate whether an acceleration critically threatens the stability of a slope.
Assessing the accuracy of remotely-sensed fire datasets across the Southwestern Mediterranean basin
Authors: Galizia Luiz Felipe , Curt Thomas , Barbero Renaud , Rodrigues Marcos
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Recently, many remote-sensing (RS) based datasets providing features of individual fire events from gridded global burned area products have been released. Although very promising, these datasets still lack a quantitative estimate of their accuracy with respect to historical ground-based fire databases. Here, we compared three state-of-the-art RS datasets (Fire Atlas, FRY and GlobFire) with high-quality ground databases compiled by regional fire agencies (AG) across the Southwestern Mediterranean basin (2005–2015). We assessed the spatial and temporal accuracy in estimated RS burned area (BA) and number of fires (NF) aggregated at monthly and 0.25° resolutions, considering different individual fire size thresholds ranging from 1 to 500 ha. Our results show that RS datasets were highly correlated with AG in terms of monthly BA and NF but severely underestimated both (by 38 % and 96 %, respectively) when considering all fires > 1 ha. Stronger agreement was found when increasing the fire size threshold, with fires > 100 ha denoting higher correlation and much lower error (BA 10 %; NF 35%). The agreement between RS and AG was also the highest during the warm season (May to October) in particular across the regions with greater fire activity such as the Northern Iberian Peninsula. The Fire Atlas displayed a slightly better performance, with a lower relative error, although uncertainty in gridded BA product largely outpaced uncertainties across the RS datasets. Overall, our findings suggest a reasonable agreement between RS and ground-based datasets for fires larger than 100 ha, but care is needed when examining smaller fires at regional scales.
Using a composite flow law to model deformation in the NEEM deep ice core, Greenland – Part 1: The role of grain size and grain size distribution on deformation of the upper 2207 m
Authors: Kuiper Ernst-Jan N. , Weikusat Ilka , de Bresser Johannes H. P. , Jansen Daniela , Pennock Gill M. , Drury Martyn R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The effect of grain size on strain rate of ice in the
upper 2207 m in the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) deep ice core
was investigated using a rheological model based on the composite flow law
of Goldsby and Kohlstedt (1997, 2001). The grain size was described by both
a mean grain size and a grain size distribution, which allowed the strain
rate to be calculated using two different model end-members: (i) the
microscale constant stress model where each grain deforms by the same
stress and (ii) the microscale constant strain rate model where each grain
deforms by the same strain rate. The model results predict that grain-size-sensitive flow produces almost all of the deformation in the upper 2207 m of
the NEEM ice core, while dislocation creep hardly contributes to
deformation. The difference in calculated strain rate between the two model
end-members is relatively small. The predicted strain rate in the fine-grained Glacial ice (that is, ice deposited during the last Glacial maximum
at depths of 1419 to 2207 m) varies strongly within this depth range and,
furthermore, is about 4–5 times higher than in the coarser-grained Holocene
ice (0–1419 m). Two peaks in strain rate are predicted at about 1980 and
2100 m depth. The prediction that grain-size-sensitive creep is the
fastest process is inconsistent with the microstructures in the Holocene age
ice, indicating that the rate of dislocation creep is underestimated in the
model. The occurrence of recrystallization processes in the polar ice that
did not occur in the experiments may account for this discrepancy. The
prediction of the composite flow law model is consistent with
microstructures in the Glacial ice, suggesting that fine-grained layers in
the Glacial ice may act as internal preferential sliding zones in the
Greenland ice sheet.
Emotions and feelings evoked in nursing students exposed to bullying behaviors in clinical settings
Authors: Rutherford Dawna E. , Smith Carolyn R. , Bresler Scott , Gillespie Gordon L.
Published: July 2020

Background and objective: Though not fully integrated into the profession, student nurses have been exposed to and experienced bullying behaviors with limited skills to mitigate the effects of the behaviors. This qualitative study analyzed the emotions evoked due to exposure to bullying behaviors. Desired to address the question: “How do student nurses feel when they are the recipient of bullying-type behaviors?”Methods: DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive design. SETTING: A nursing college at an urban university in the Midwestern United States; PARTICIPANTS: Matriculated students enrolled in a pre-licensure nursing program. METHODS: As part of a larger mixed informed pilot study, each participant was assigned to either the control or intervention group. Participants in the intervention group received an educational intervention focused on bullying two weeks prior to a scheduled clinical simulation. Participants in both groups each completed an individual clinical simulation during which they were exposed to bullying-type behaviors meant to replicate behaviors they may encounter in actual clinical settings. All participants were informed of their right to disenroll from the study at any point. For the health and safety of participants, individuals were provided with safeguards during the study as well as upon conclusion of their participation. Immediately following the simulation, participants completed an individual debrief interview during which they were asked to describe how the simulation made them feel. Responses were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative to generate thematic results.Results: The three major themes developed included Past Bullying-like Behavior, Feelings Experienced during Simulation, and Perceptions of the Simulation. Participants reported experiencing negative emotions due to the bullying behavior exposure despite receiving an educational intervention. Harmful emotions, such as sadness, led participants to question their ability to perform simple tasks. Student nurses possess the skills and knowledge to perform routine tasks; however, when bullying behaviors target nursing students, the negative behaviors have the potential to adversely affect the whole student.Conclusions: Further research is warranted to identify programs to aid students in overcoming the negative bullying behaviors in the clinical setting.
Are School Oral Health Programs Effective in Changing Dental Health and Health Behavior of Children; an Observational Study
Authors: Bahammam Sarah Ahmed
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Oral health issues are recorded to be growing among children due to either insufficient knowledge or ineffective oral health care. The study investigated the effectiveness of the school oral health (OH) program for changing dental health and health behavior among the students in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS: This cross-sectional design study followed STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines to include 348 female primary children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. These were equally divided into three groups; i.e., teacher delivered oral health program, dentist delivered oral health program, and lastly control group. Data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire, and were analyzed through descriptive statistics and ANOVA.

RESULTS: Findings of the study showed improved OH status, better OH knowledge, behavior and practices among children. Self-evaluation results showed that the teachers conducted education program was more effective, then the dentists conducted education program. Also, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) score was found high for the psychological aspect of the children.

CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of the school oral health program for changing dental health and health behavior among the students was better.
Europese en Nederlandse visserij na Brexit
Authors: van Rijn T.P.J.N.
Published: July 2020

Europese en Nederlandse visserij na Brexit

Sinds het Britse referendum van juni 2016 was duidelijk dat Brexit voor de Europese en Nederlandse visserij een enorm probleem zou worden. De Leavers hadden immers campagne gevoerd met de leuze ‘soevereiniteit in eigen wateren’, dat betekende dat ze de Britse visgronden wilden reserveren voor Britse vissers en de buitenlandse vissersschepen daaruit wilden weren. Dit betrof vooral het Kanaal, de Noordzee en de wateren rond Schotland, waar bijvoorbeeld Nederlandse vissersschepen al decennia lang vissen op bijvoorbeeld tong, schol, makreel, haring.

De vraag kan gesteld worden of en in hoeverre het Verenigd Koninkrijk de toegang tot zijn visgronden kan verbieden of beperken. Deze vraag zal in dit artikel als eerste behandeld worden.

Ook Britse schepen vissen in wateren van de lidstaten van de Europese Unie en zouden dit na Brexit zonder toestemming niet meer mogen doen. Het lijkt dan ook in het belang van beide partijen om een overeenkomst te sluiten waarin men elkaars schepen in zekere mate toegang tot elkaars visgronden geeft. In dat geval komt de volgende vraag aan de orde: hoe zit het met de toewijzing aan de Europese Unie van de in de Britse respectievelijk EU-wateren te vangen hoeveelheden vis? Deze zijn immers beperkt teneinde de visbestanden niet uit te putten.

Tot slot, er is natuurlijk een nauw verband tussen de gevangen vis en de toegang tot de markt. Daarom is de laatste vraag die hier behandeld zal worden die van de toegang tot de Europese en Britse markten.
Social distancing voor lidstaten: grenscontroles en vrij verkeer in tijden van covid-19
Authors: van Eijken H. , Rijpma J.J.
Published: July 2020

Social distancing voor lidstaten: grenscontroles en vrij verkeer in tijden van covid-19

De razendsnelle verspreiding van covid-19 binnen de EU leidde ertoe dat lidstaten afzonderlijk een groot aantal maatregelen namen om de verspreiding van het virus in te dammen. Deze vormden een belangrijke beperking van het vrij reizen binnen de EU, als ook van de mogelijkheden om van buiten Europa in te reizen. In deze bijdrage verkennen wij het (ontbreken van een) juridisch kader op EU-niveau voor de herinvoering van controles aan de binnengrenzen en het verbieden van niet-essentiële reizen op grond van de volksgezondheid.
Antidiarrheal Pill in the Airway
Authors: Balasubramanian Viswesvaran , Gonuguntla Hari Kishan , Gupta Nitesh
Published: July 2020

Pill aspiration depicts an unusual type of foreign body aspiration necessitating a discrete diagnostic and therapeutic approach [...]
Evaluation of strength of carrying metal
structures of trailers
Authors: Popovych P. , Poberezhny L. , Shevchuk O. , Murovanyi I. , Dovbush T. , Koval Yu. , Hrytsuliak H.
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Development of a computational model of stress-strain state bearing elements
of trailer frames for preliminary assessment and identification of areas with increased risk
of failure.
Design/methodology/approach: The object of the study is the processes of loading
the load-bearing metal structures of trailers - fertilizer spreaders. The stress-strain state
of the spreader bearing system is investigated for the established three typical cases of
external load. To refine the values obtained as a result of modelling, they were determined
in SOLIDWORKS.
Findings: Computational models of load have been compiled by improving the method of
minimum potential deformation energy for its effective correct use in analytical studies of a
similar type of metal structures. It is proved that for a flat closed frame structure made of
thin-walled profiles, loaded with forces perpendicular to the plane of the frame, the levelling
of compression and shear energies, as well as axial and transverse forces and bending
moments in the horizontal plane does not significantly affect the calculation results.
Research limitations/implications: Horizontal components of the shear forces as well
as the normal forces and as a consequence the corresponding potential deformation energy
are neglected, which has some effect on the accuracy of the calculations.
Practical implications: An effective tool for strength analysis with preliminary assessment
and diagnostics of load-bearing metal structures based on the constructed calculation
models of stress strain state load-bearing frames of typical geometry with an arbitrarily given
distribution of external load.
Originality/value: A universal algorithm for recording additive functions of bending and
torques, as well as the potential deformation energy of welded frames of trailers.
Caracterizações do Pensamento Algébrico na Escola Básica
Authors: Rodrigues Marcela da Silva Caetano , Pinto Márcia Maria Fusaro
Published: July 2020

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo sobre caracterizações do que vem sendo entendido como Pensamento Algébrico na escola básica. Apresentamos autores que são referências constantes em pesquisas sobre o tema, e discutimos os elementos teóricos elaborados por eles, com resultados e exemplos da utilização de tais noções em investigações empíricas. Concluímos apresentando nosso próprio entendimento sobre Pensamento Algébrico na escola básica, com reflexões sobre quando, como e por que elaborar atividades em sala de aula da escola básica que tenham por objetivo o seu desenvolvimento, e que promovam habilidades que serão posteriormente requeridas em conteúdos mais avançados da Matemática.
Segurança na Internet das Coisas: Varredura, Análise e Estatística de Redes sem Fio em Bom Jesus do Itabapoana
Authors: Alves Ana Julia , De Souza Wesley Folly Volotão
Published: July 2020

In this work we will do a research with the aid of the wardriving method so that we can find out how much Wi-Fi networks in our region are vulnerable to attacks. To this end, we will capture and analyze data such as: security protocols, wps configurations, and preferred networks.
Estudo comparativo de métricas de ranking em Redes Sociais
Authors: Silva Samuel O. , Goulart Bruno O. , Schettini Maria Júlia M. , Xavier Carolina , Silva João Gabriel
Published: July 2020

The use of modeling and application of complex networks in several areas of knowledge have become an important tool for understanding different phenomena; among them some related to the structures and dissemination of information on social medias. In this sense, the use of a network's vertex ranking can be applied in the detection of influential nodes and possible foci of information diffusion. However, calculating the position of the vertices in some of these rankings may require a high computational cost. This paper presents a comparative study between six ranking metrics applied in different social medias. This comparison is made using the rank correlation coefficients. In addition, a study is presented on the computational time spent by each ranking. Results show that the Grau ranking metric has a greater correlation with other metrics and has low computational cost in its execution, making it an efficient indication in detecting influential nodes when there is a short term for the development of this activity.
Numerical Study on the Outdoor Wind Effects on Movement Smoke along a Corridor
Authors: Manescau Brady , Chetehouna Khaled , Serra Quentin , Wang Aijuan , Florentin Eric
Published: July 2020

In this chapter, a numerical investigation is presented in order to highlight the effects of outdoor wind on smoke movements along a corridor in a compartment. For this, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, fire dynamics simulator (FDS), was used to model the reactive flows in interaction with outdoor wind. The wind velocity is taken between 0 and 12.12 m/s, based on the experimental result data come from the work of Li et al. was performed. From numerical data, it was found that smoke stratification state in the corridor depends on Froude number (Fr) and it can be divided into three cases: stable buoyant stratification (Fr < 0.38), unstable buoyant stratification (0.38 ≤ Fr < 0.76), and failed stratification (Fr ≥ 0.76). When Fr ≥ 0.76, smoke stratification is completely disturbed and smoke occupies the entire volume of the compartment, highlighting a risk of toxicity to people. Indeed, it was observed that the velocity of the outdoor wind influences strongly the concentration of O2, CO2, CO, and visibility in the corridor and smoke exhaust. Moreover, for the input data used in the numerical modelling, the global sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the main parameters affecting the smoke temperature near the ceiling are the mass flux of fuel and the activation energy.
Anthropology After Dark
Authors: Blunt Robert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

Sherry Ortner has recently described Marxian and Foucauldian inspired anthropological concerns for power, domination, and inequality as “dark anthropology.” In juxtaposition, Joel Robbins has challenged anthropologists to explore ideas of the good life, conceptions of value, and ethics in different ethnographic contexts; what he calls an “anthropology of the good.” Between these poles, this paper attempts an anthropology of the “good enough” to examine beliefs and practices that may partially, and counterintuitively, ground local conceptions of trust in the gray areas of social life. The phenomenon of “nightrunning” amongst the Bukusu of western Kenya, I argue, undergirds a noctural economy of lending and borrowing—rather than theft and victimhood—of reproductive potential; nightrunners remove their clothing at night to “bang their buttocks” against their neighbors’ closed doors and throw rocks at their roofs to prevent them from “sleeping,” a euphemism for sexual intercourse. Due to the way Bukusu understand nightrunners to be sterile unless they “run,” while annoying, they are nonetheless considered deserving of sympathy. Key here is that Bukusu do not necessarily see such seemingly absorptive nocturnal activity as witchcraft. While the identities of nightrunners are protected by the darkness of night—a chronotope which usually indexes witchcraft and political corruption—Bukusu claim that nightrunners are categorically people that one knows “in the light of day.” The paper explores how practices like nightrunning might help us rethink social intimacy and trust.
L'orrore degli stupri di guerra nelle opere di Annie Vivanti
Authors: Soglia Nunzia
Published: July 2020

This contribution analyzes two works by Annie Vivanti written during World War I: the drama L’invasore, and the novel derived from it, Vae Victis!. The texts were based on sexual violence perpetrated by Germans in Belgium at the beginning of the conflict, historical events that provoked widespread indignation. More specifically, the author considers the choices of women facing pregnancies that resulted from the violence, thereby inserting herself in the extremely delicate and controversial problem of abortion for eugenic purposes. When the protagonists of the two works realize they are pregnant, they make completely different choices regarding the pregnancy; but Annie Vivanti succeeds in presenting to the reader the reasons of both women with perfect impartiality.
Casting Sound: Modality and Poetics in Gabriella Ghermandi's "Regina di fiori e di perle"
Authors: Dolp Laura , Ferraro Eveljn
Published: July 2020

This article investigates Gabriella Ghermandi’s novel Regina di fiori e di perle (2007) through two disciplinary perspectives: the first investigates music as a historical and social practice through historical observation of Ghermandi’s characters who reference Ethiopian oral traditions; and the second explores the contemporary dynamics of migration and transnational identity through textual analysis that critiques how storytelling practices are carried into an Italian context. We argue that the novel reflects a dissemination of oral memory across generations and gender and into a postcolonial setting, and that its characters reflect adaptations to institutional and twentieth-century technological change. Crucially, and more specifically, the fate of singing and storytelling in Ghermandi’s fictional world mirrors the author’s experience of moving between orality and recorded and written forms, not as an evolutionary process but as a reciprocal process. Her fictional tradition bearers -- Aron, Yacob, and Mahlet -- embody these malleable modes of transmission, reconfiguring stories for a new generation of Ethiopians and Italians.
Storie di Storia - Oxford 2015: Dal racconto all’ascolto rispettoso. La testimonianza di Luciana Nissim Momigliano
Authors: Dupré Natalie
Published: July 2020

In Italia, tra il 1945 e il 1947, furono pubblicate più di cinquanta testimonianze sulla deportazione, tra cui solo alcune appartengono al genere narrativo. Tra i testi narrativi se ne contano sette di autori italo-ebrei: Lazzaro Levi, Primo Levi, Giuliana Tedeschi, Liana Millu, Luciana Nissim, Frida Misul e Alba Valech Capozzi. Se Liana Millu e Giuliana Tedeschi iniziarono a scrivere nell’immediato dopoguerra e riscrissero le loro testimonianze in un secondo momento, Luciana Nissim nei suoi saggi sulla psicanalisi (degli anni settanta in poi) non ritrattò il tema della deportazione su cui sono invece incentrati i racconti testimoniali scritti a ridosso della liberazione. Passando dal racconto testimoniale a una narrativa che possiamo definire “analitica”, Nissim – medico e psicoanalista di professione – sviluppò una riflessione che investe il ruolo dell’analista e, più specificamente, le modalità dell’ascolto. Traendo ispirazione dal metodo dell’intervista multipla dello psicologo clinico Henry Greenspan, si confrontano in questo studio le tre versioni della relazione dal titolo Ricordi della casa dei morticonservate presso il Centro Bibliografico dell’Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane a Roma, la versione a stampa dall’omonimo titolo edita da Ramella (1946), nonché i saggi scientifici di Nissim sulla psicanalisi, le varie interviste rilasciate dopo la morte di Primo Levi, e la corrispondenza con il marito Franco Momigliano.Attraverso una lettura diacronica della produzione narrativa e scientifica dell’autrice viene analizzata la funzione dei singoli testi – nella loro specificità memoriale o narrativa – alla luce di una dinamica che considera il trauma in quanto processo.
Very Queer Friends
Authors: Schwartz Selby
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:

Elena Ferrante has long acknowledged the influence of Alba de Céspedes’ 1949 novel Dalla parte di lei on her writing, particularly in terms of conceiving female characters. In Ferrante’s newest novel, La vita bugiarda degli adulti, the prominent theme of queer friendship between young women echoes and reconfigures elements from Dalla parte di lei. This article delves into the capacious queer relationality depicted in both novels, tracing the presence of transmasculinity and feminist re-writing as key elements in both. Situating the two novels’ representations of women’s intimacy in their socio-literary contexts, I analyze the ways in which they utilize models like the «fiamma», romantic friendship, sisterhood, and female husbands. Neither author identifies as lesbian or queer; thus my close reading of the frankly sexual and deeply romantic scenes between female characters seeks not to assign the writers or their books to a category, but rather to elaborate the queer dimensions of relationality that they explore. Ultimately, I propose that a significant part of what makes these queer, lesbian, and transmasculine representations possible is a shared feminist project of reading, writing, and rewriting from one’s own perspective: dalla parte di lei. In this sense, what Ferrante’s narrator-protagonist Giovanna owes to de Céspedes’ narrator-protagonist Alessandra is not only the possibility of a queer life and a feminist voice, but the potential for narrating queer feminist experience as relational.
A história, a ciência e a era da (des)informação
Authors: Queiroz Francisco Assis
Published: July 2020

Neste texto procura-se discutir o papel da ciência na história e algumas das suas implicações na sociedade contemporânea, em particular nos efeitos de usos das chamadas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs), resultantes, elas mesmas, de aplicações do desenvolvimento da ciência. Embora distante do centro onde se deu o que a historiografia consagrou chamar de Revolução Científica, o Brasil participou, de alguma forma, desse processo e criou instituições de ensino e pesquisa científica e tecnológica, algumas seculares e ainda atuantes. A despeito disso, a ciência e o conhecimento em geral enfrentam problemas relativos à sua disseminação, acesso ou democratização, quando não de negação por parte de certos setores da população, como se tem visto no país e em outras partes do mundo. Ciência, técnica e tecnologia são elementos da cultura e se desenvolvem em interação com outras variáveis do processo histórico, como as econômicas, sociais, políticas, religiosas, ideológicas, etc.