bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Isometric and Dynamic Bridging Exercises on Low Back
Muscle Oxygenation
Authors: Lin Cheng-Feng , Liao Jen-Chieh , Hernandez Manuel , Sadruddin Rahil , Pappu Suguna , Jan Yih-Kuen
Published: July 2024

Bridging exercises are commonly performed by people with low back pain (LBP).
However, the effect of the contraction mode in a bridging exercise on the
hemodynamics of the low back muscle has not been investigated in people with and
without LBP. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the mode of
bridging exercise on oxygenation of the low back muscle. A near-infrared
spectroscopy was used to measure hemodynamic responses of the erector spinae
between isometric and dynamic bridging exercises in 16 healthy participants. The
results demonstrated that during exercise, the isometric bridging exercise
significantly decreased oxyhemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin compared to the
dynamic bridging exercise (oxyhemoglobin, t=− 3.109, p=0.007,
Cohen’s d=0.68 and deoxy-hemoglobin, t=− 2.193, P=0.046,
Cohen’s d=0.60). The results also demonstrated that after exercise, the
dynamic bridging exercise induced a significantly higher oxygenation response
(oxygenation, t=− 2.178, P=0.048, Cohen’s d=0.43). This
study indicates that the dynamic bridging exercise is more effective in
improving oxygenation of low back muscles.
Brazilian version of the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded: cross-cultural adaptation and validation
Authors: Moura Ana Carolina Monteiro Lessa de , Carvalhais Marina Belisário , Sampaio Gabriela Palhares Campolina , Pinhati Clara Catharino , Montes Jacqueline , Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana
Published: July 2024

Background The Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) has been widely used to assess the motor function of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) older than 2 years, with the ability to sit and/or walk.

Objective To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the HFMSE to Brazilian Portuguese.

Methods The translation process and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines recommendations. The reliability and applicability of the Brazilian version consisted of the application of the HFMSE (in Brazilian Portuguese) to 20 patients with types 2 and 3 SMA. Two examiners assessed the participants for interrater reliability, through the analysis of Kappa reliability agreement (k) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results The HFMSE was successfully translated and cross culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Twenty participants with types 2 and 3 SMA were enrolled in the study (type 2 = 6; type 3 = 14). The ICC for the total score showed very high reliability (ICC =1.00), and the reliability of each of the items individually was considered excellent (Kappa > 0.80).

Conclusion The Brazilian version of the HFMSE proved to be valid and reliable for the evaluation of SMA patients older than 2 years with the ability to sit and/or walk.
Stepwise reconstruction of higher-order networks from dynamics
Authors: Zang Yingbang , Fan Ziye , Wang Zixi , Zheng Yi , Ding Li , Wu Xiaoqun
Published: July 2024

Higher-order networks present great promise in network modeling, analysis, and control. However, reconstructing higher-order interactions remains an open problem. A significant challenge is the exponential growth in the number of potential interactions that need to be modeled as the maximum possible node number in an interaction increases, making the reconstruction exceedingly difficult. For higher-order networks, where higher-order interactions exhibit properties of lower-order dependency and weaker or fewer higher-order connections, we develop a reconstruction scheme integrating a stepwise strategy and an optimization technique to infer higher-order networks from time series. This approach significantly reduces the potential search space for higher-order interactions. Simulation experiments on a wide range of networks and dynamical systems demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Effect of Si addition on Curie temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of (Fe71.2B24Y4.8)96Nb4 Invar bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Wang Z. R. , Yang T. , Wu D. , Wang C. M. , Guo H. , Hu Q. , Guo S.
Published: July 2024

The ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient α makes the Fe-Ni Invar alloys useful in various applications. Their low strength and low Curie temperature Tc are, however, limiting factors. Interestingly, some Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), with inherent high strength, exhibit the clear Invar effect. In particular, the (Fe71.2B24Y4.8)96Nb4 BMG has the lowest α among Fe-based BMGs, but it unfortunately also has the lowest Tc. In this work, silicon was added into this alloy with the aim to elevate Tc while maintaining a low α. It was found that when silicon partially substituted boron, Tc did not increase significantly but α did, which is not ideal. On the other hand, when silicon partially substituted yttrium and niobium and especially niobium, Tc increased significantly while α did not, which is close to the ideal scenario. When 3% of niobium was substituted by silicon, Tc reached the maximum value of 296 °C while α remained a low value of 7.4 × 10−6/°C. Comparing to the Fe-Ni Invar alloy, although this BMG has an inferior α, it has much higher Tc (+115 °C) and strength (∼9 times), presenting a potential for application as a new Invar material with moderate (low) thermal expansion, high operating temperature, and high strength.
Anisotropic magnon frequency comb based on antiferromagnetic bimerons
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Jin Zhejunyu , Liu Xuejuan , Yan Peng
Published: July 2024

The interaction between propagating magnons and topological spin textures is attracting a lot of recent attention from the magnonic community. It has been shown that the three-wave mixing between magnons and breathing skyrmion can induce the magnon frequency comb (MFC) with equidistant coherent peaks. However, a magnetic bimeron is a nontrivial spin texture and is regarded as the counterpart of the skyrmion in easy-plane magnets with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which allows anisotropic magnon propagations. This raises the question of whether the nonlinear interaction between magnons and bimerons can generate an MFC. If so, how does the direction of magnon propagation affect the characteristics of the MFC? In this Letter, we demonstrate that the three-wave mixing between propagating magnons and locally breathing bimerons can induce a terahertz MFC in easy-plane antiferromagnets. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the three-wave coupling strength weakly depends on the driving frequency, but it strongly relies on the propagation direction of incident magnons. Our findings uncover the anisotropic nature of MFC in bimeron structures, which may have potential applications for ultrafast magnonic devices with spectroscopy, metrology, and sensing functionalities.
A scintillating-fiber detector for making high-time-resolution secondary D–T neutron measurements in KSTAR
Authors: Ogawa Kunihiro , Jo Jungmin , Kim Junghee , Liao Longyong , Sangaroon Siriyaporn , Takada Eiji , Isobe Mitsutaka
Published: July 2024

A scintillating fiber (Sci-Fi) detector for the middle neutron flux range was installed in KSTAR as part of a collaboration between the National Institute for Fusion Science and the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy. The detector could make relatively high-time-resolution measurements of secondary deuterium (D)–tritium (T) neutron fluxes to investigate the degradation of D–D-born triton confinement, which is crucial for demonstrating alpha particle confinement, particularly above 0.9 MA in KSTAR. The pulse-height spectrum of the Sci-Fi detector exhibited two peaks, the higher of which corresponded to D–T neutrons. A discrimination technique was applied to extract the D–T neutron signal, revealing the time evolution of the D–T neutron flux during relatively high plasma current discharges with a 50 ms temporal resolution. Future research will involve investigating the causes of the degradation of the triton burnup ratio above 0.9 MA in KSTAR.
Investigation on the pressure pulsation characteristics in a twin-screw multiphase pump
Authors: Wu Pengbo , Sun Shuaihui , Guo Pengcheng , Nan Haipeng , Ma Jinyang , Kim Jin-Hyuk
Published: July 2024

A three-dimensional gas–liquid two-phase transient numerical model for a twin-screw multiphase pump based on dynamic grid technology was established and validated with experiments. The pump's simulated pressure distributions, velocity fields, and pressure pulsations were analyzed to reveal the mechanisms of pressure transmission and pressure pulsation characteristics. The results indicated that the flow rate of the pump fluctuated twice due to the discharge of the male and female rotors in one cycle. As the inlet gas volume fractions increased, the flow rate decreased, but the pressure pulsations increased. At the engaging positions of the two rotor tips, a sudden pressure drop happened due to the combined effect of both tooth-tip and tooth-flank leakage. When the discharge port opened, the backflow happened; the flow rate and the pressure in the discharge chamber decreased, but the pressure in the working and suction chambers increased. When the suction port closed, a slight compression of the fluid in the low-pressure working chamber occurred, causing a pressure increase in the working chamber. The working chambers inhaled and discharged once in one cycle, so the first harmonic of pressure pulsations at the suction and discharge chamber was two times the running speed. The transient flow due to the simultaneous closing and opening of the suction and discharge ports at both sides of the male and female rotors generated a harmonic of four times the running speed. This study would help to improve the operational stability of twin-screw multiphase pumps.
Enhanced efficiency and stability of PM6:Y6 organic solar cells using hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Han Yubei , Chu Jingyu , Zhang Rujie , Zhang Liping , Sun Lijie , Zhang Yiwen
Published: July 2024

A hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer designated as Me-4PACz was used as a hole-selective interlayer in PM6:Y6 organic photovoltaic devices. A comparative analysis was conducted on the performance of solar cells incorporating Me-4PACz, 2PACz, and the conventional hole material MoO3. The device in which Me-4PACz was utilized exhibited higher transmittance and lower resistivity than the solar cell using MoO3. Furthermore, the solar cell based on Me-4PACz demonstrated enhanced charge transport capability and optimized contact relative to those employing 2PACz. The device incorporating Me-4PACz achieved superior long-term stability and the highest power conversion efficiency of 17.06%, outperforming the devices utilizing 2PACz (15.67%) and MoO3 (14.09%) as hole transport materials. These results indicate the potential of hydrophobic Me-4PACz as a promising candidate for hole transport in organic solar cells.
GBasis: A Python library for evaluating functions, functionals, and integrals expressed with Gaussian basis functions
Authors: Kim Taewon David , Pujal Leila , Richer Michelle , van Zyl Maximilian , Martínez-González Marco , Tehrani Alireza , Chuiko Valerii , Sánchez-Díaz Gabriela , Sanchez Wesley , Adams William , Huang Xiaomin , Kelly Braden D. , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban , Verstraelen Toon , Heidar-Zadeh Farnaz , Ayers Paul W.
Published: July 2024

GBasis is a free and open-source Python library for molecular property computations based on Gaussian basis functions in quantum chemistry. Specifically, GBasis allows one to evaluate functions expanded in Gaussian basis functions (including molecular orbitals, electron density, and reduced density matrices) and to compute functionals of Gaussian basis functions (overlap integrals, one-electron integrals, and two-electron integrals). Unique features of GBasis include supporting evaluation and analytical integration of arbitrary-order derivatives of the density (matrices), computation of a broad range of (screened) Coulomb interactions, and evaluation of overlap integrals of arbitrary numbers of Gaussians in arbitrarily high dimensions. For circumstances where the flexibility of GBasis is less important than high performance, a seamless Python interface to the Libcint C package is provided. GBasis is designed to be easy to use, maintain, and extend following many standards of sustainable software development, including code-quality assurance through continuous integration protocols, extensive testing, comprehensive documentation, up-to-date package management, and continuous delivery. This article marks the official release of the GBasis library, outlining its features, examples, and development.
Low-voltage solution-processed Sn-doped CuI neuromorphic transistors with synaptic plasticity and pain mimicked
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Dou Wei , Chen Pengfei , Peng Yuling , Ai Yingjie , Jiang Guanggang , Deng Pufan , Yin Yanling , Peng Yuehua , Tang Dongsheng
Published: July 2024

In this article, SnxCu1−xI thin-film transistors were fabricated on a glass substrate, with CuI doped with varying concentrations of SnI2 serving as the channel and chitosan as the dielectric. When x = 0.06, the device exhibited optimal performance: a current on/off ratio of 2.56 × 105, a subthreshold slope of 31.67 mV/dec, a threshold voltage of 1.33 V, and a saturated field-effect mobility of 21.75 cm2 V−1 s−1. Due to the electric double layer effect of chitosan, the operating voltage of the devices was reduced to below 2 V. Simulations were also conducted on the behavior and functionality of artificial synapses, such as short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and paired-pulse facilitation. Building upon the functionalities of artificial synapses, the Sn0.06Cu0.94I neuromorphic transistors simulated the fundamental pain perception function of biological nociceptors. Finally, the effects of bias stress and laser irradiation on the devices were investigated, indicating the excellent stability of the Sn0.06Cu0.94I neuromorphic transistors. Fabricated via the solution process, this low-voltage neuromorphic transistors hold significant implications for applications in bionic sensing systems and neuromorphic chip technology.
Non-perturbative nonlinear optical responses in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Bharti Amar , Dixit Gopal
Published: July 2024

We report a systematic and detailed investigation on strong-field driven non-perturbative high-harmonic generation from Weyl semimetals in various realistic environments, i.e., going beyond the idealistic situation where the Weyl nodes are at Fermi energy and are energy degenerate. Two classes of topological semimetals are considered: time-reversal broken Weyl semimetal and inversion-symmetry broken Weyl semimetal. It has been found that type-II Weyl semimetal leads to significant enhancement in the yield of the higher-order harmonics. In addition, energy splitting between the Weyl nodes also results in a modest boost in the harmonic yield. The underlying mechanism responsible for the enhancement can be traced to a drastic increase in the conduction band electronic population and noticeable changes in the momentum matrix amplitude. A combined effect of the tilt in the Weyl cones and energy separation between the nodes allows the generation of forbidden even-order harmonics in inversion-symmetric Weyl semimetal. Our findings offer exciting avenues for Weyl semimetals in ultrafast photonics and optoelectronic devices.
Experimental investigation on hydrodynamic performance of submerged floating tunnel under the protection of a new floating energy dissipation and anti-vibration device
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Li Yang , Xie Canrong , Luo Gang , Xiao Liang , Garg Ankit , Wei Chengxian , Mei Guoxiong
Published: July 2024

This study describes an efficient and applicable approach to decrease the hydrodynamic response of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT). A new type of floating energy dissipation and anti-vibration device is proposed, mainly consisting of a floating box superstructure with water and a polyvinyl chloride porous media substructure. The experimental model of an SFT with the present protection device is designed and conducted in a wave–current flume. The wave–current attenuation mechanisms for the present protection device are experimentally investigated. The sensitivity analysis for the key parameters, e.g., structure type and wave–current parameter, is conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of the SFT with the present protection device. The results show that the present protection device has excellent wave–current attenuation capacity, and the transmission coefficients and the current–velocity attenuation coefficient reach 0.2 and 0.15, respectively. The sway, heave, roll, and typical cable tension from the SFT with the protection are, respectively, about 8, 6, 8, and 3 times smaller than that from without the protection. The results show that the SFT with the present protection device has excellent anti-vibration performance, which is beneficial for its safety and stability. This study has important theoretical and practical values to the anti-vibration design of SFTs serviced in complicated ocean environments.
Flux-tunable regimes and supersymmetry in twisted cuprate heterostructures
Authors: Coppo Alessandro , Chirolli Luca , Poccia Nicola , Vool Uri , Brosco Valentina
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals assembly allows for the creation of Josephson junctions in an atomically sharp interface between two exfoliated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) flakes that are twisted relative to each other. In a narrow range of angles close to 45°, the junction exhibits a regime where time-reversal symmetry can be spontaneously broken, and it can be used to encode an inherently protected qubit called flowermon. In this work, we investigate the physics emerging when two such junctions are integrated in a superconducting quantum interference device circuit threaded by a magnetic flux. We show that the flowermon qubit regime is maintained up to a finite critical value of the magnetic field, and, under appropriate conditions, it is protected against both charge and flux noise. For larger external fluxes, the interplay between the inherent twisted d-wave nature of the order parameter and the external magnetic flux enables the implementation of different artificial atoms, including a flux-biased protected qubit and a supersymmetric quantum circuit.
Configurable anti-ambipolar photoresponses for optoelectronic multi-valued logic gates
Authors: Cui Xiaoqi , Kim Sunmean , Ahmed Faisal , Du Mingde , Liapis Andreas C. , Muñoz Juan Arias , Shafi Abde Mayeen , Uddin Md Gius , Ali Fida , Zhang Yi , Kang Dong-Ho , Lipsanen Harri , Kang Seokhyeong , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Sun Zhipei
Published: July 2024

Anti-ambipolar transistors (AATs) are the leading platform for the paradigm shift from binary to multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits, increasing circuit integration density and data processing capacity. However, most AATs with p–n heterojunctions present limited controllability of the transconductance peak, which is key to MVL operation. Here, we report optically configurable AAT/bi-AAT photoresponses implemented with an InSe field-effect transistor for potential MVL operations. The charge trapping and detrapping processes incorporated with manually introduced trap states form the AAT peaks. Furthermore, leveraging a symmetric device configuration, the dark current is significantly suppressed, and AAT photoresponses are highlighted. Contributed by two pathways of trap states, the AAT/bi-AAT photoresponses are switchable by incident optical wavelength. This dependence facilitates optical wavelength to be one of the logic inputs for MVL, based on which we propose circuit-free ternary logic gates in a single device that can achieve more than ∼6 and ∼19 times improved data density (1 bit per transistor) for NMAX and XNOR, compared with such circuits in a traditional binary design. This work realizes optically controlled AAT photoresponses, paving the way to exploit optical wavelength as a new degree of freedom in MVL computing, offering a route toward ultra-high-density, ultra-low-power, and optically programmable optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Breakup characteristics of a pulse jet issuing into a compressed gas environment under different injection conditions
Authors: Xie Guangyi , Lei Jilin , Deng Xiwen , Wang Dongfang , Sun Xuejian , Zhang Size , Ji Huiping
Published: July 2024

The dynamics of jet breakup undergo significant alteration due to the influence of a compressed gas environment. In the first injection stage of an air-assisted fuel injector (AAFI), fuel is introduced into such an environment. Therefore, studying the influence of injection conditions on the jet breakup characteristics has significant importance for AAFI spray. This study utilized a high-speed camera to record the jet breakup images in a compressed gas environment. Subsequently, these images were analyzed using MATLAB to get the spray penetration distance and fuel projection area (FPA). The research findings indicate that both fuel injection pressure (FIP) and fuel–gas pressure drop (ΔP) exert influence on jet breakup characteristics, with ΔP exhibiting more significant influence. Maintaining ΔP at 1 bar, when FIP increased from 4 to 7 bar, gas Weber number (Weg) increased by 87%. While maintaining gas pressure at 5 bar, as ΔP increased from 1 to 3 bar, Weg escalated by 194%. Additionally, jet breakup length under different injection conditions followed a pattern as summarized by Bonhoeffer et al. [“Impact of formulation properties and process parameters on the dispensing and depositioning of drug nanosuspensions using micro-valve technology,” J. Pharm. Sci. 106(4), 1102–1110 (2017)]. The jet surface disturbance was enhanced by the increase in both FIP and ΔP. The detachment of the droplets from main jet stream induced by ΔP resulted in an increase in jet flow width. Furthermore, the effect of ΔP on FPA was more significant compared to FIP. As ΔP rose from 1 to 3 bar, the time-averaged FPA and area-to-mass ratio (Raq) increased 245% and 207%, respectively.
Nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic waves along with their bifurcation analysis in a negative ion plasma in the presence of quartic nonlinearity
Authors: Hafez M. G. , Akter Parvin , Chettri Kusum , Sakthivel R. , Saha Asit
Published: July 2024

In this article, the propagation of ion-acoustic shock and periodic waves along with their dynamical analysis around the supercritical values is studied in a (1 + 1)-dimensional collisionless negative ions plasma system comprising of inertia SF 6− with mass m−i and temperature T−i, inertia K+ with mass m+i and temperature T+i and inertialess non-extensive distributed electrons. By considering the appropriate starching coordinates and expansion of perturbation quantities, the Burgers-type equation with quartic nonlinearity is derived. Using the traveling wave transformation, a planar dynamical system is formed. The phase portrait is drawn and the associated nonlinear waves are analyzed. The research presented could be beneficial for understanding and forecasting localized electrostatic disturbances in the F- and D-layers of Earth's ionosphere as well as for guiding future experimental investigations in plasma laboratories.
Study on the influence of collecting parameters of deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide on ore collecting characteristics
Authors: Zhang Bei , Lu Haining , Yang Jianmin , Sun Pengfei , Deng Liwen
Published: July 2024

The commercialization of deep-sea mining has put forward strict requirements for ore collection output, ore collection efficiency, and environmental disturbance. However, the research of seafloor massive sulfide collection is in the initial stage. The influence of ore-collecting working parameters on the ore-collecting performance is not clear. In order to realize the commercial exploitation of deep-sea minerals, it is urgent to carry out the analysis and research on the influence of ore-collecting parameters on ore-collecting characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method is adopted in this paper to carry out numerical simulation research. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis method, the influence law of six ore collecting parameters on ore collecting characteristics was analyzed. On this basis, the prediction model of ore-collecting characteristics and the optimal selection of ore-collecting parameters are proposed. Through the research, it is suggested to select 133.2 kg/s flow suction for ore collecting hard pipe; 60 rpm rotation speed is recommended for the mining head. It is recommended to select mining areas with the mineral density of 3000 kg/m3 for collection. The collection stage should be broken as far as possible to the 25 mm chip size. The recommended cutting depth is 224 mm if the strength and system metrics are met. The research of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the practice of deep-sea ore collection and has guiding significance for the selection of ore collection parameters, structural optimization design, and other engineering problems.
Design, characterization, and modeling of the Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) suite at the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART)
Authors: Cruz-Zabala D. J. , Viezzer E. , Rodriguez-Gonzalez A. , Segado-Fernandez J. , Alvarado-Reyes A. , Perez-Gonzalez J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Dux R.
Published: July 2024

Ion temperature, rotation, and density are key parameters to evaluate the performance of present and future fusion reactors. These parameters are critical for understanding ion heat, momentum, and particle transport, making it mandatory to properly diagnose them. A common technique to measure these properties is charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). For characterizing positive and negative triangularity plasmas at the small aspect ratio tokamak, a poloidal array of gas puff based CXRS diagnostics will be measuring the ion properties in different poloidal positions. In this work, the modeling of the expected signal and spatial coverage using the FIDASIM code is presented. Furthermore, the design and characterization of the low field side midplane CXRS diagnostic are described. Each diagnostic is composed of a gas injection system, an optical system that collects the light emitted by the plasma, and a spectrometer. These systems will provide ion temperature, rotation, and density with a radial resolution of 3.75 mm and a temporal resolution of 2.2 ms.
Mechanically induced stacking faults and their impact on electrical transport properties in SnSe
Authors: Zheng Sikang , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zizhen , Li Ang , Han Guang , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Han Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2024

In van der Waals (vdW) layered thermoelectric materials, stacking faults play a pivotal role in determining their physical and transport properties. However, the absence of effective methods to control these stacking faults has hindered the optimization of transport performance. Here, in situ mechanical transmission electron microscopy techniques are applied to a state-of-the-art vdW thermoelectric compound, SnSe, to manipulate the generation of stacking faults. A comprehensive analysis of the atomic structure of stacking faults is conducted, and energy barrier calculations reveal the slip pathways of interlayer slips inducing these stacking faults. Furthermore, first-principles calculations demonstrate that introducing stacking faults can enhance thermoelectric performance by promoting band convergence and facilitating charge transport. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of stacking faults and present distinctive opportunities for structure manipulation to enhance functional properties in vdW layered materials.
Contact engineering for two-dimensional metal/qHP C60 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Liu Yutao , Qian Guolin , Dai Songli , Li Kaiwen , Gao Tinghong
Published: July 2024

The fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) quasi-hexagonal phase (qHP) C60 semiconductor material offers a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices. Selecting appropriate metals is crucial for achieving Ohmic contact (OhC) to enhance carrier injection efficiency. In this Letter, we used first-principles calculations to study the contact properties of seven 2D metal/qHP C60 van der Waals heterostructures. Metals with suitable work functions can form p-type Schottky contacts (p-ShCs), n-type Schottky contacts (n-ShCs), and OhCs. Differences in work function affect interface charge transfer, creating interface dipoles and causing band alignment deviations from the ideal Schottky–Mott limit. The calculated Fermi level pinning factors for n-type and p-type 2D metal/qHP C60 vdWh are 0.528 and 0.521, respectively. By regulating Φn and Φp based on electrostatic potential difference ΔV, we have achieved the ideal Schottky–Mott limit. We also studied the Schottky barrier height of the germanene/qHP C60 vdWh, finding that using electric field is an effective way to convert n-ShC to OhC or p-ShC. These findings provide theoretical guidance for constructing efficient 2D qHP C60 electronic devices.
Direct observation of the electronic structure and many-body interactions of low-mobility carriers in perylene diimide derivative
Authors: Palassery Ithikkal Jaseela , Fukutani Keisuke , Nishino Fumi , Minato Taketoshi , Ishii Hiroyuki , Izawa Seiichiro , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Hiramoto Masahiro , Kera Satoshi
Published: July 2024

Despite the rapid progresses in the field of organic semiconductors, aided by the development of high-mobility organic materials, their high carrier mobilities are often unipolar, being sufficiently high only for either electrons or holes. Yet, the basic mechanisms underlying such significant mobility asymmetry largely remains elusive. We perform angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to reveal the occupied band structures and the many-body interactions for low-mobility hole carriers in a typical n-type semiconductor perylene diimide derivative. The band dispersion exhibits strong renormalization to the calculated non-interacting electronic structure. The analysis including many-body interactions elucidate that the significant mass enhancement can be understood in terms of strong charge–phonon coupling, leading to an important mechanism of polaron band transport of low intrinsic carrier mobility in organic semiconductors.
Silicon photonic waveguide and microring resonator polarizers incorporating 2D graphene oxide films
Authors: Jin Di , Wu Jiayang , Hu Junkai , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Yuning , Yang Yunyi , Jia Linnan , Huang Duan , Jia Baohua , Moss David J.
Published: July 2024

We experimentally demonstrate waveguide and microring resonator (MRR) polarizers by integrating 2D graphene oxide (GO) films onto silicon (Si) photonic devices. The 2D GO films with highly anisotropic light absorption characteristic are on-chip integrated with precise control over their thicknesses and sizes. Detailed measurements are performed for the fabricated devices with different GO film thicknesses, coating lengths, and Si waveguide widths. The results show that a maximum polarization-dependent loss of ∼17 dB is achieved for the hybrid waveguides, and the hybrid MRRs achieved a maximum polarization extinction ratio of ∼10 dB. We also characterize the wavelength- and power-dependent response for these polarizers. The former demonstrates a broad operation bandwidth of over ∼100 nm, and the latter verifies performance improvement enabled by photothermal changes in GO films. By fitting the experimental results with theoretical simulations, we find that the anisotropy in the loss of GO films dominates the polarization selectivity of these devices. These results highlight the strong potential of 2D GO films for realizing high-performance polarization selective devices in Si photonic platforms.
Antimicrobial surveillance in South Australian prisons: a pilot study
Authors: Dalwai Ajmal , Hillock Nadine
Published: July 2024

Objectives This study aimed to determine the feasibility of capturing antimicrobial usage data from prisons for inclusion in the Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA) surveillance system and to analyse 2021 and 2022 South Australian (SA) usage data for notable trends. Methods Monthly antimicrobial supply data for eight SA prisons were collected. Antimicrobial volume was converted into the World Health Organization metric, defined daily doses (DDD). Usage rates were calculated relative to prison occupied bed days (OBD). Results Annual usage of systemic antimicrobials across eight SA prisons totalled 26,448 DDD and 23,526 DDD in 2021 and 2022 respectively. Antibacterials accounted for 80.6% of all antimicrobials dispensed during the study period. The average antibacterial usage rate in female prisons was higher on average than in male prisons. The state-wide systemic antibacterial usage rate in SA prisons declined by 11.3% from 23.8 DDDs/1000 OBD in 2021 to 21.1 DDDs/1000 OBD. Doxycycline, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefalexin accounted for 72% of the total systemic antibacterial usage rate. Variation in the oral and topical antifungal agents used and the rate of use was observed between prisons. Conclusions This SA pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of including prisons in routine national antimicrobial surveillance using similar methodology to hospital surveillance. The contributing facilities comprised 6.1% of all Australian prison beds, and extrapolation of the results suggests that the identified gap in surveillance may equate to over 400,000 DDD per annum in prisons nationwide, equating to approximately 5% of hospital inpatient antimicrobial usage.
Patient experiences and outcomes in a South Australian stand-alone Hospital in the Home program
Authors: Schultz Timothy J. , Oster Candice , Pincombe Aubyn , Partington Andrew , Taylor Alan , Gray Jodi , Murray Alicia , McInnes Jennifer , Ryan Cassandra , Karnon Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Objectives This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes for patients admitted to Hospital in the Home (HITH) and traditional (bricks-and-mortar) hospitals and explore patient and carer experiences. Methods A mixed methods approach including triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data was used. Quantitative outcomes were compared using augmented inverse propensity weighting to adjust for differences in patient characteristics between groups. Qualitative data was collected by focus groups and interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The study took place in metropolitan Adelaide and one adjacent regional health network in 2020–22. Participants were patients discharged from either hospital setting with 1 of 22 eligible diagnoses. Hospital administrative data informed a comparison of outcomes that included mortality, rate of emergency department re-presentations and re-admissions, length of stay and incidence of complications. Results Patients treated in HITH were less unwell than traditional hospital patients. There were no safety or quality concerns identified in the clinical outcomes. Of 2095 HITH patients, the in-patient mortality rate was 0.2%, and 2.3% experienced a return to a bricks-and-mortar hospital during the HITH admission. For HITH patients, the mortality rate after 30 days was lower (−1.3%, 95% CI −2 to −0.5, P = 0.002), as were re-presentations in 28 days (−7.2%, 95% CI −9.5 to −5, P < 0.0001), re-admissions in 28 days (−4.9%, 95% CI −6.7 to −3.2, P < 0.001) and complications (−0.6%, 95% CI −0.8 to −0.5, P < 0.001). Interviews of 35 patients and six carers found that HITH was highly accepted and preferred by patients. HITH was perceived to free up resources for other, more acutely unwell patients. Conclusions HITH was preferred by patients and at least as effective in delivering quality health care as a traditional hospital, although the potential for unobserved confounding must be acknowledged.
Sediment preference of coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in an artificial spawning ground
Authors: Abdul Halim Anis Syahira , Ikhwanuddin Mhd , Ismail Noraznawati , Taib Mariam , Mohamad Faridah
Published: July 2024

Context Spawning beaches are important for coastal horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785), to sustain their population. Over time, T. gigas natural spawning area has gradually diminished owing to human and natural causes. T. gigas is being artificially bred in captivity to enhance its population. Aims The study aims to determine the T. gigas spawning preference for three different sediment sizes. Methods Spawning experiments were carried out in an indoor concrete tank representing an artificial spawning ground, consisting of three combinations of sediment sizes: coarse, medium and fine. The spawning of 45 pairs of T. gigas samples was observed within 3 h, the nests were marked and excavated on the next day. The number of eggs per nest was counted individually after being cleaned. Key results The 45 pairs of T. gigas produced 27,266–30,859 eggs. Among these, on the basis of the number of nests produced, T. gigas prefers to spawn in medium to coarse sediment with a particle-size range of 0.25–1.00 mm. Conclusions Our findings indicated that medium to coarse sediments are optimal for T. gigas spawning in artificial spawning grounds, because they could produce a high number of nests and eggs, increasing the number of juveniles released. Implications These results could be used as a baseline for the conservation management of T. gigas in captivity.
Exploring a unique class of flavoenzymes: Identification and biochemical characterization of ribosomal RNA dihydrouridine synthase
Authors: Toubdji Sabrine , Thuillier Quentin , Kilz Lea-Marie , Marchand Virginie , Yuan Yifeng , Sudol Claudia , Goyenvalle Catherine , Jean-Jean Olivier , Rose Simon , Douthwaite Stephen , Hardy Léo , Baharoglu Zeynep , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Helm Mark , Motorin Yuri , Hamdane Djemel , Brégeon Damien
Published: July 2024

Dihydrouridine (D), a prevalent and evolutionarily conserved base in the transcriptome, primarily resides in tRNAs and, to a lesser extent, in mRNAs. Notably, this modification is found at position 2449 in the
Escherichia coli
23S rRNA, strategically positioned near the ribosome’s peptidyl transferase site. Despite the prior identification, in
E. coli
genome, of three dihydrouridine synthases (DUS), a set of NADPH and FMN-dependent enzymes known for introducing D in tRNAs and mRNAs, characterization of the enzyme responsible for D2449 deposition has remained elusive. This study introduces a rapid method for detecting D in rRNA, involving reverse transcriptase-blockage at the rhodamine-labeled D2449 site, followed by PCR amplification (RhoRT-PCR). Through analysis of rRNA from diverse
E. coli
strains, harboring chromosomal or single-gene deletions, we pinpoint the
yhiN
gene as the ribosomal dihydrouridine synthase, now designated as RdsA. Biochemical characterizations uncovered RdsA as a unique class of flavoenzymes, dependent on FAD and NADH, with a complex structural topology. In vitro assays demonstrated that RdsA dihydrouridylates a short rRNA transcript mimicking the local structure of the peptidyl transferase site. This suggests an early introduction of this modification before ribosome assembly. Phylogenetic studies unveiled the widespread distribution of the
yhiN
gene in the bacterial kingdom, emphasizing the conservation of rRNA dihydrouridylation. In a broader context, these findings underscore nature’s preference for utilizing reduced flavin in the reduction of uridines and their derivatives.
An evolutionarily conserved AnkyrinG-dependent motif clusters axonal K2P K+ channels
Authors: Escobedo Jr. Gabriel , Wu Yu , Ogawa Yuki , Ding Xiaoyun , Rasband Matthew N.
Published: July 2024

The evolution of ion channel clustering at nodes of Ranvier enabled the development of complex vertebrate nervous systems. At mammalian nodes, the K+ leak channels TRAAK and TREK-1 underlie membrane repolarization. Despite the molecular similarities between nodes and the axon initial segment (AIS), TRAAK and TREK-1 are reportedly node-specific, suggesting a unique clustering mechanism. However, we show that TRAAK and TREK-1 are enriched at both nodes and AIS through a common mechanism. We identified a motif near the C-terminus of TRAAK that is necessary and sufficient for its clustering. The motif first evolved among cartilaginous fish. Using AnkyrinG (AnkG) conditional knockout mice, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of AnkG, co-immunoprecipitation, and surface recruitment assays, we show that TRAAK forms a complex with AnkG and that AnkG is necessary for TRAAK’s AIS and nodal clustering. In contrast, TREK-1’s clustering requires TRAAK. Our results expand the repertoire of AIS and nodal ion channel clustering mechanisms and emphasize AnkG’s central role in assembling excitable domains.
LYSMD proteins promote activation of Rab32-family GTPases for lysosome-related organelle biogenesis
Authors: Li Jinglin , Yin Qiuyuan , Xuan Nan , Gan Qiwen , Liu Chaolian , Zhang Qian , Yang Mei , Yang Chonglin
Published: July 2024

Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are specialized lysosomes with cell type–specific roles in organismal homeostasis. Dysregulation of LROs leads to many human disorders, but the mechanisms underlying their biogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we identify a group of LYSMD proteins as evolutionarily conserved regulators of LROs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations of LMD-2, a LysM domain–containing protein, reduce the levels of the Rab32 GTPase ortholog GLO-1 on intestine-specific LROs, the gut granules, leading to their abnormal enlargement and defective biogenesis. LMD-2 interacts with GLO-3, a subunit of GLO-1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), thereby promoting GLO-1 activation. Mammalian homologs of LMD-2, LYSMD1, and LYSMD2 can functionally replace LMD-2 in C. elegans. In mammals, LYSMD1/2 physically interact with the HPS1 subunit of BLOC-3, the GEF of Rab32/38, thus promoting Rab32 activation. Inactivation of both LYSMD1 and LYSMD2 reduces Rab32 activation, causing melanosome enlargement and decreased melanin production in mouse melanoma cells. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into LRO biogenesis and functions.
Bilateral comparisons of reference switching impulse voltage measuring systems COOMET 707Ru-a16 (COOMET_EM-S21)
Authors: Kiselev Victor , Gromochkova Elena , Dubrovskaya Tatiana , Meisner Johann , Krzywania Gerrit
Published: July 2024

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K8 of high dose-rate 192Ir brachytherapy standards for reference air kerma rate of the VSL and the BIPM
Authors: Kessler C , Jansen B J , Pooter J A de , Lucas P Aviles
Published: July 2024

Main text

A new key comparison of the standards for reference air kerma rate for 192Ir high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy sources of the Dutch Metrology Institute (VSL), The Netherlands, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out at the VSL in May 2019. The comparison result, based on the calibration coefficients for a transfer standard and expressed as a ratio of the VSL and the BIPM standards for reference air kerma rate, is 0.9926 with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.0055.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Turbulent Image Restoration in Atmosphere with Cyclopean Processing via Binocular Fusion
Authors: Yao 姚 Han 涵 , Lin 林 Jin-Yan 锦演 , Chen 陈 Li-Bang 立邦 , Liu 刘 Yi-Kun 忆琨 , Zhou 周 Jian-Ying 建英
Published: July 2024

The outstanding issue to overcoming atmospheric turbulence on distant imaging is a fundamental interest and technological challenge. We propose a novel scenario and technique to restore the optical image in turbulent environmental by referring to Cyclopean image with binocular vision. With human visual intelligence, image distortion resulting from the turbulence is shown to be substantially suppressed. Numerical simulation results taking into account of the atmospheric turbulence, optical image system, image sensors, display and binocular vision perception are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the image restoration, which is compared with a single channel planar optical imaging and sensing. Experiment involving binocular telescope, image recording and the stereo-image display is conducted and good agreement is obtained between the simulation with perceptive experience. A natural extension of the scenario is to enhance the capability of anti-vibration or anti-shaking for general optical imaging with Cyclopean image.
Rydberg-Induced Topological Solitons in Three-Dimensional Rotation Spin–Orbit-Coupled Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Wang 汪 Yang 洋 , Cui 崔 Jinlong 晋龙 , Zhang 张 Hongkai 宏凯 , Zhao 赵 Yuan 元 , Xu 徐 Siliu 四六 , Zhou 周 Qin 勤
Published: July 2024

We present a novel approach for generating stable three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal solitons (SSs) within a rotating Bose–Einstein condensate, incorporating spin–orbit coupling (SOC), a weakly anharmonic potential and cold Rydberg atoms. This intricate system facilitates the emergence of quasi-stable 3D SSs with topological charges |m| ≤ 3 in two spinor components, potentially exhibiting diverse spatial configurations. Our findings reveal that the Rydberg long-range interaction, spin–orbit coupling, and rotational angular frequency exert significant influence on the domains of existence and stability of these solitons. Notably, the Rydberg interaction contributes to a reduction in the norm of topological solitons, while the SOC plays a key role in stabilizing the SSs with finite topological charges. This research of SSs exhibits potential applications in precision measurement, quantum information processing, and other advanced technologies.
Pc(4457) Interpreted as a JP = 1/2+ State by

D
¯

0

Λ
c
+

(
2595
)

– π0Pc(4312)
Authors: Wu 吴 Jin-Zi 金姿 , Pang 庞 Jin-Yi 锦毅 , Wu 吴 Jia-Jun 佳俊
Published: July 2024

Pc
(4457) has been discovered over five years, but the parity of this particle remains undetermined. We propose a new interpretation for Pc
(4457), which is the state generated from the coupled-channel

D
¯

0

Λ
c
+

(
2595
)

and π
0
Pc
(4312) since they can exchange an almost on-shell

Σ
c
+

. In this scenario, the parity of Pc
(4457) will be positive, which is different from the candidate of the bound state of

D
¯

*

Σ
c

. The main decay channel of Pc
(4457) in this model is Pc
(4312)π. We propose three processes

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ

K
s

p

π
−

,

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ

K
−

p

π
0

, and

Λ
b
0

→
J
/
ψ
p

π
−

π
+

K
−

to verify Pc
(4457) → Pc
(4312)π.
Technical noise, data quality, and calibration requirements for next-generation gravitational-wave science
Authors: Capote E , Dartez L , Davis D
Published: July 2024

The next generation of ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers is expected to generate a bounty of new astrophysical discoveries, with sensitivities and bandwidths greatly improved compared to current-generation detectors. These detectors will allow us to make exceptional advancements in our understanding of fundamental physics, the dynamics of dense matter, and the cosmic history of compact objects. The fundamental design aspects of these planned interferometers will enable these new discoveries; however, challenges in technical noise, data quality, and calibration have the potential to limit the scientific reach of these instruments. In this work, we evaluate the requirements of these elements for next-generation gravitational-wave science, focusing on how these areas may impact the proposed Cosmic Explorer observatory. We highlight multiple aspects of these fields where additional research and development is required to ensure Cosmic Explorer reaches its full potential.