bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decisions Using Intra‐Operative Gross Assessment of Fontan‐Associated Liver Disease: Implications for Heart‐Only Transplantation
Authors: Torpoco Rivera Diana Milagros , Zhang Ke‐You , Ebel Noelle , Bensen Rachel , Martin Elisabeth , Ma Michael , Esquivel Carlos O. , Navaratnam Manchula , Hollander Seth A. , Rosenthal David N. , Chen Sharon
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Intraoperative gross liver inspection at the time of transplant can be used in determination of which failing Fontan patients should undergo heart‐only transplantation (HT) versus combined heart–liver transplantation (CHLT). We describe the outcomes of Fontan patients listed for CHLT who underwent HT based on the gross pathology of the liver at time of transplant.

Case Report

Six Fontan patients, ages 15 (IQR12,16) years, listed for CHLT received HT because of reassuring gross findings of the liver at the time of transplant. All patients survived to hospital discharge, after median hospital length of stay of 59 (IQR 42–77) days. Vasoplegia, prolonged need for milrinone because of diastolic dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and infection were common complications. Five patients had acute cellular rejection within 35 days of heart transplant. At a median of 17 (IQR 10, 19) months from HT, all continue to have abnormal findings by abdominal imaging, with development of new hepatic nodules in three patients.

Intraoperative gross liver inspection at the time of transplant can enable successful HT in Fontan patients with liver disease. However, a prolonged recovery period should be anticipated, with serial post‐HT liver assessments and vigilant monitoring for rejection. The long‐term liver prognosis remains uncertain.
Spontaneous Transformation from Lung Adenocarcinoma to MYC‐amplified Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Yamakado Tetsuhiro , Sato‐Yazawa Hanako , Ishii Jun , Kashiwagi Korehito , Kimura Taichi , Tanei Zen‐ichi , Yazawa Takuya , Ishida Yusuke , Tanaka Shinya
Published: January 2025

Recent studies suggest that lung adenocarcinoma cells are closely associated with the tumorigenesis of large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma via cellular transformation. However, morphological evidence, along with genetic abnormalities before, during, and after transformation, is quite limited. We present here a case of combined large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma exhibiting acinar and solid patterns. Adenocarcinoma cells with abundant mucin, exhibiting positivity for both napsin‐A and neuroendocrine markers, were partially found in the acinar adenocarcinoma component and extensively observed in the solid adenocarcinoma component. Next‐generation sequencing using extracted genomic DNA from the three components revealed homozygous TP53 (missense) and STK11 (nonsense) mutations in all three components, suggesting monoclonal origin. Furthermore, MYC gene amplification, recently presumed to be a pivotal driver in neuroendocrine transformation, was observed in both the solid adenocarcinoma and large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma components. These genetic findings corresponded to pre‐ and post‐transformation morphology, providing compelling evidence that some kinds of adenocarcinomas may serve as a precursor of large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Fungal endophytes modulate the negative effects induced by Persistent Organic Pollutants in the antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis
Authors: Egas Claudia , Ballesteros Gabriel , Galbán‐Malagón Cristóbal , Luarte Thais , Guajardo‐Leiva Sergio , Castro‐Nallar Eduardo , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A.
Published: January 2025

Antarctica has one of the most sensitive ecosystems to the negative effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on its biodiversity. This is because of the lower temperatures and the persistence of POPs that promote their accumulation or even biomagnification. However, the impact of POPs on vascular plants is unknown. Moreover, fungal symbionts could modulate the effects on host plants to cope with this stress factor. This study investigates the molecular and ecophysiological responses of the Sub‐Antarctic and Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis to POPs in different populations along a latitudinal gradient (53°‐ 67° S), emphasizing the role of endophytic fungi. The results show that exposure of POPs in C. quitensis generates oxidative stress and alters its ecophysiological performance. Nevertheless, C. quitensis in association with fungal endophytes and POPs exposure, shows lower lipid peroxidation, higher proline content and higher photosynthetic capacity, as well as higher biomass and survival percentage, compared to plants in the absence of fungal endophytes. On the other hand, the antarctic plant population (67°S) with endophytic fungi presents better stress modulating upon POPs exposure. Endophytic fungi would be more necessary for plant performance towards higher latitudes with extreme conditions, contributing significantly to their general functional adaptation. We develop a transcriptomics analyses n the C. quitensis‐fungal endophytes association from the Peninsula population. We observed that fungal endophytes promote tolerance to POPs stress through upregulated genes for the redox regulation based on ascorbate and scavenging mechanisms (peroxidases, MDAR, VTC4, CCS), transformation (monooxygenases) and conjugation of compounds or metabolites (glutathione transferases, glycosyltransferases, S‐transferases), and the storage or elimination of conjugates (ABC transporters, C and G family) that contribute to detoxification cell. This work highlights the contribution of endophytic fungi to plant resistance in situations of environmental stress, especially in extreme conditions such as in antarctica exposed to anthropogenic impact. The implications of these findings are relevant for the biosecurity of one of the last pristine bastions worldwide.
The Roles of Chemical Cues in the Life Cycle of Bivalves: Spawning, Settlement, and Metamorphosis
Authors: Rato Ana , Joaquim Sandra , Matias Domitília , Hubbard Peter C.
Published: January 2025

Spawning, settlement, and metamorphosis represent the most challenging events for hatchery bivalve production. To enhance bivalve aquaculture, hatcheries have relied on a range of chemical compounds to induce these biological processes. Yet, despite the apparent importance of chemical cues, there is little knowledge on chemosensory systems and the role of chemical communication in bivalves. This review aims to compile the existing knowledge of the chemicals used in hatcheries to induce spawning and to improve settlement and metamorphosis in some economically important bivalves. A lack of recent studies regarding this topic has resulted in stagnation in the development of new approaches and products for use in aquaculture. This review explores the natural chemical cues and how they act in the natural environment, and the efforts made by hatcheries, through the use of synthetic inducers, to optimize bivalve production and overcome the challenges associated with spawning, settlement, and metamorphosis. Furthermore, it discusses the current knowledge on the chemical nature of spawning‐inducing pheromones. The synthesis of synthetic pheromones for spawning, settlement, and metamorphosis induction may improve bivalve aquaculture and efficiency. Nevertheless, more research is needed to fully understand the chemical communication and chemosensory systems of bivalves.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus casei on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates
Authors: Diniz Danielle Cavalcanti de Carvalho , Ribeiro Marcio Garcia , Dias Gabriele Silva , Viana Guilherme de Brito , Okamoto Adriano Sakari , Machado Luiz Henrique de Araújo
Published: January 2025

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is increasing each year. For example, in 2019 it was directly responsible for an estimated >1 million deaths. Additionally, the development of new drugs is much slower, generating enormous concerns about responses to infection in the future health scenario. Therefore, probiotics have emerged as an alternative to antibiotics.

Objectives

This study aimed to isolate and identify a Lactobacillus casei from healthy canine skin and investigate its antimicrobial effect on isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius originating from dogs with pyoderma.

Materials and Methods

L. casei was isolated from skin samples collected with a sterile cotton swab from the inner pinnae of healthy dogs. It was then cultured, identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and tested against 30 different clinical isolates and one American Type Culture Collection strain of S. pseudintermedius using the spot‐on‐the‐lawn technique. Its safety was assessed through a modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion susceptibility test.

Results

L. casei inhibited the growth of all isolates of S. pseudintermedius. The mean value of the inhibition halo of all isolates was 11.3 mm. A significant positive correlation (Pearson's linear correlation = 0.444; p = 0.014) was noted between the inhibitory halos formed by L. casei on the S. pseudintermedius isolates and the halos produced by the tested antimicrobial discs on the same isolates. The L. casei strain demonstrated sensitivity to all tested antimicrobials.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The study indicates that using commensal bacteria from canine skin, specifically L. casei, to control bacterial infections caused by S. pseudintermedius can be a promising complementary or alternative therapy to antibiotics relevant to animal and human health.
Injury Frequencies in College Recreational Sports: 2013–2014 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Carson Rebecca , Ingersoll Christopher D. , Colby Mangum L.
Published: January 2025

University recreation centers offer various sport programs and activities. However, injury surveillance data in this setting is lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe injury frequency for college recreational athletes by year, semester, indoor/outdoor locations, playing surface type, activity, injury type, body region, and body part. 2,202 injuries were documented with a higher injury frequency observed during fall semester, on turf fields and court surfaces, and during intramural sports. Musculoskeletal injuries were highest among all activities and head/concussion injuries had a high frequency for organized sports, which further supports employing medical professionals for collegiate recreational sport activities.
Effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Plyometric Training on Physical Performance in Male Postpubertal Basketball Players
Authors: Aztarain-Cardiel Kike , Garatachea Nuria , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bilateral and unilateral plyometric-training (PT) programs on jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction (COD) ability in male postpubertal basketball players. Methods: Forty-three young male basketball players (14.2 [1.2] y), from 4 squads belonging to an elite basketball club, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) bilateral PT group (BG), (2) unilateral PT group (UG), and (3) control group (CG). The experimental groups followed a PT program twice weekly for 6 weeks, with BG and UG performing 2- and 1-legged jumps, respectively. Both groups completed the same number of vertical, horizontal, cyclic, and acyclic jumps. Pretraining and posttraining measurements included (1) countermovement jump (CMJ), (2) unilateral CMJ (CMJL and CMJR), (3) horizontal jump (HJ), (4) unilateral HJ (HJL and HJR), (5) straight-line sprint in 20 m (T20), and (6) V-Cut COD test (V-Cut). Results: CMJ, CMJL, and CMJR were significantly improved by BG and UG (P < .001), while CG did not change. Both the BG and the UG improved their performance significantly (P < .01) in HJL and HJR, but only BG significantly increased (P < .05) HJ and showed significantly greater improvements than CG. Furthermore, only BG improved V-Cut performance (P = .03). Neither group increased T20. CG did not improve in any tests. Conclusions: BG enhances single-leg and double-leg jump performance in vertical and horizontal directions, as well as COD ability. In contrast, an equivalent volume of unilateral PT only improves vertical jumps and unilateral HJs.
Duty of Care in Esports: Ensuring Mental Well-Being and Physical Health of Esports Players
Authors: Hong Hee Jung
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the perspectives of esports players on organizational support to ensure and enhance their mental well-being and physical health throughout their esports careers. Drawing insights from one of the most substantial data sets in the field, a total of 33 participants were recruited for this study, including professional (n = 21), semiprofessional (n = 6), amateur (n = 4), and retired players (n = 2). Data were collected via semistructured interviews, allowing for in-depth exploration of participants’ responses. Thematic analysis was then conducted, identifying three key themes: (a) limited organizational support available, (b) demand for psychological and mental support, and (c) importance of maintaining fitness and addressing physical health issues. The results indicate that organizational support was limited, highlighting a critical need for further attention from stakeholders. The findings emphasize the importance of providing comprehensive support to enhance esports players’ performance and overall well-being. This includes a strong focus on promoting mental well-being and physical health, which are crucial for sustaining long-term success and health in the competitive esports environment. Hence, the key stakeholders in the esports industry should take action to establish effective support systems that prioritize players’ physical health and mental well-being, drawing on this empirical evidence. The findings indicate a potential need for culturally sensitive interventions to address the unique psychological needs of esports players from diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, by implementing such interventions, the esports industry can foster a more supportive and effective environment for its players.
Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Lung Function in Women With Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elgayar Saher Lotfy
Published: January 2025

Background: Aerobic exercises (AEs) have gained much interest in managing fibromyalgia (FM). This trial aimed to find out how AEs affect women with FM in terms of lung function, chest expansion, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Methods: Eighty FM-diagnosed women were allocated randomly into 2 equal-sized groups. For 12 weeks, the AEs group did moderate-intensity aerobic cycling and diaphragmatic breathing exercises while the control group did just diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Outcome measures included forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, and total lung capacity for lung function; upper and lower chest expansions; Medical Research Council dyspnea scale for dyspnea; maximal oxygen consumption for exercise capacity; and physical component score and mental component score components of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey for quality of life. Results: By study completion, all outcomes improved significantly in the AEs and control groups (P < .05). Compared with the group of control, the AEs group revealed more substantial increases in forced vital capacity (9.51% vs 4.95%, P = .04), forced expiratory volume in the first second (8.72% vs 4.54%, P = .03), total lung capacity (11.02% vs 5.39%, P = .001), upper chest expansion (21.22% vs 10.03%, P = .02), lower chest expansion (31.35% vs 11.2%, P = .01), maximal oxygen consumption (55.89% vs 36.94%, P = .03), physical component score (18.8% vs 10.9%, P = .001), and mental component score (25.67% vs 15.26%, P = .02) accompanied with greater declines in Medical Research Council dyspnea scale scores (37.71% vs 19.45%, P = .03). Conclusions: In FM women, moderate AEs could improve lung function, chest expansion, dyspnea, exercise capacity, and quality of life.
The NmpRSTU multi-component signaling system of
Myxococcus xanthus
regulates expression of an oxygen utilization regulon
Authors: McAllister Colin T. , Ronk Allison M. , Stenzel Mason J. , Kirby John R. , Bretl Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Myxococcus xanthus
has numerous two-component signaling systems (TCSs), many of which regulate the complex social behaviors of this soil bacterium. A subset of TCSs consists of NtrC-like response regulators (RRs) and their cognate histidine sensor kinases (SKs). We have previously demonstrated that a multi-component, phosphorelay TCS named NmpRSTU plays a role in
M. xanthus
social motility. NmpRSTU was discovered through a screen that identified mutations in
nmp
genes that restored Type-IV pili-dependent motility to a nonmotile strain. The Nmp pathway begins with the SK NmpU, which is predicted to be active in the presence of oxygen. NmpU phosphorylates another SK, NmpS, a hybrid kinase containing an RR domain and a HisKA-CA domain. These two kinases work in a reciprocal fashion: when NmpU is active, NmpS is inactive, and vice versa. Finally, the phosphorelay culminates in NmpS phosphorylating the NtrC-like RR NmpR. To better understand the role of NmpRSTU in
M. xanthus
physiology, we determined the NmpR regulon by combining
in silico
predictions of the NmpR consensus binding sequence with
in vitro
electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) and
in vivo
transcriptional reporters. We identified several NmpR-dependent, upregulated genes likely to be important in oxygen utilization. Additionally, we demonstrate NmpRSTU plays a role in fruiting body development, suggesting a role for oxygen sensing in this behavior. We propose that NmpRSTU senses oxygen-limiting conditions, and NmpR upregulates genes associated with optimal utilization of that oxygen. This may be necessary for
M. xanthus
physiology and behaviors in the highly dynamic soil where oxygen concentrations vary dramatically.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria use two-component signaling systems (TCSs) to respond to a multitude of environmental signals and subsequently regulate complex cellular physiology and behaviors.
Myxococcus xanthus
is a ubiquitous soil bacterium that encodes numerous two-component systems to respond to the conditions of its soil environment and coordinate multicellular behaviors such as coordinated motility, microbial predation, fruiting body development, and sporulation. To better understand how this bacterium uses a two-component system that has been linked to the sensing of oxygen concentrations, NmpRSTU, we determined the gene regulatory network of this system. We identified several genes regulated by NmpR that are likely important in oxygen utilization and for the
M. xanthus
response to varied oxygen concentrations in the dynamic soil environment.
Flow virometry: recent advancements, best practices, and future frontiers
Authors: Fernandes Claire , Persaud Arvin T. , Chaphekhar Deepa , Burnie Jonathan , Belanger Carolyn , Tang Vera A. , Guzzo Christina
Published: January 2025

The imperative for developing robust tools to detect, analyze, and characterize viruses has become increasingly evident as they continue to threaten human health. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in studying human viruses with flow virometry (FV), an emerging technique that has gained considerable momentum over the past 5 years. These advancements include the application of FV in viral surface phenotyping, viral protein functionality, virus sorting, vaccine development, and diagnostics. With examples illustrated using primary data from our recent studies, we demonstrate that FV is a powerful yet underutilized methodology that, when employed with best practices and experimental rigor, can be highly valuable for studying individual virion heterogeneity, virus phenotypes, and virus-antibody interactions. In this review, we also address the current challenges when performing FV studies, propose strategies to overcome these obstacles, and outline best practices for both new and experienced researchers. Finally, we discuss the promising future prospects of FV within the broader context of virology research.
Extracellular vesicles in malaria: proteomics insights,
in vitro
and
in vivo
studies indicate the need for transitioning to natural human infections
Authors: Sima Núria , Ayllon-Hermida Alberto , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando A.
Published: January 2025

Globally, an estimated 2.1 billion malaria cases and 11.7 million malaria deaths were averted in the period 2000–2022. Noticeably, despite effective control measurements, in 2022 there were an estimated 249 million malaria cases in 85 malaria-endemic countries and an increase of 5 million cases compared with 2021. Further understanding the biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of human malaria is therefore essential for achieving malaria elimination. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles pivotal in intercellular communication and secreted by all cell types. Here, we will review what is currently known about EVs in malaria, from biogenesis and cargo to molecular insights of pathophysiology. Of relevance, a meta-analysis of proteomics cargo, and comparisons between
in vitro
and
in vivo
human studies revealed striking differences with those few studies reported from patients. Thus, indicating the need for rigor standardization of methodologies and for transitioning to human infections to elucidate their physiological role. We conclude with a focus on translational aspects in diagnosis and vaccine development and highlight key gaps in the knowledge of EVs in malaria research.
Coding-complete genome sequence of a GI-13 infectious bronchitis virus from commercial chicken in India
Authors: Kariithi Henry M. , Volkening Jeremy D. , Afonso Claudio L. , Helmy Mohamed , Chaudhari Pushparaj P. , Decanini Eduardo L.
Published: January 2025

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious, acute upper respiratory disease in chickens characterized by nasal discharge, coughing, and rales. Here, the complete genome sequence of a recombinant GI-13 IBV strain ck/IN/A2332039-001/24 was sequenced from a choanal sample of a commercial broiler chicken in India using nontargeted next-generation sequencing.
Bioenergetic trade-offs can reveal the path to superior microbial CO
2
fixation pathways
Authors: Taha Ahmed , Patón Mauricio , Rodríguez Jorge
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive optimization of known prokaryotic autotrophic carbon dioxide (CO
2
) fixation pathways is presented that evaluates all their possible variants under different environmental conditions. This was achieved through a computational methodology recently developed that considers the trade-offs between energy efficiency (yield) and growth rate, allowing us to evaluate candidate metabolic modifications
in silico
for microbial conversions. The results revealed the superior configurations in terms of both yield (efficiency) and rate (driving force). The pathways from anaerobic organisms appear to fix carbon at lower net ATP cost than those found in aerobic organisms, and the reverse TCA cycle pathway shows the lowest overall energy cost and maximum adaptability across a broad range of CO
2
and electron donor (H
2
) concentrations. The reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle and Wood-Ljungdahl pathways appear highly efficient under a broad range of conditions, while the 3-hydroxypropionate 4-hydroxybutyrate cycle and the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle appear capable of generating large thermodynamic driving forces at only moderate ATP yield losses.

IMPORTANCE

Biotechnology can lead to cost-effective processes for capturing carbon dioxide using the natural or genetically engineered metabolic capabilities of microorganisms. However, introducing desirable genetic modifications into microbial strains without compromising their fitness (growth yield and rate) during industrial-scale cultivation remains a challenge. The approach and results presented can guide optimal pathway configurations for enhanced prokaryotic carbon fixation through metabolic engineering. By aligning strain modifications with these theoretically revealed near-optimal pathway configurations, we can optimally engineer strains of good fitness under open culture industrial-scale conditions.
Rapid, sensitive, and visible RPA-LFD assay for BoHV-1 and BoHV-5
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Wenci , Yi Chenyang , He Kuijing , Hu Changmin , Ye Guishan , Zhang Anding
Published: January 2025

Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) infection poses a significant threat to the healthy development of the cattle industry. BoHV-1 primarily causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, while BoHV-5 is associated with bovine necrotic meningoencephalitis. These two pathogens not only exhibit a high correlation in antigenicity and genetic background but, more importantly, can establish latent infections within the bovine ganglion. Therefore, establishing a rapid and convenient pathogen detection method for BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 is crucial for early diagnosis, epidemic monitoring, and minimizing economic losses. In this study, utilizing the conserved sequences of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 as targets, we developed a rapid and visually accessible recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay suitable for on-site detection. This method enables visual detection within 30 min for clinical samples containing as little as 1 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID
50
) and performs comparably to qPCR, with slightly lower sensitivity. The findings of this research offer new insights for early clinical detection and the control of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections.

IMPORTANCE

Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV), a significant respiratory pathogen in cattle, is widely prevalent worldwide, posing a substantial economic threat to the cattle industry. In this study, we have developed a rapid on-site detection method for BoHV, termed RPA-LFD, which can carry out pathogen detection with a sensitivity of no less than 1 TCID
50
within 30 min. When combined with screening, isolation, and culling measures, this approach can effectively eliminate the sources of BoHV infection, providing a scientifically feasible solution for BoHV prevention and control.
Supplemental Material: Chemical and isotopic fractionation during melt inclusion formation
Authors: Ricardo Bruna da Silva , al. et
Published: January 2025

Details of modeling, analytical methods, and results. 
Approaches to the Formation of the Key 2-Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one Precursor of Galiellalactone
Authors: Gimazetdinov A. M. , Zagitov V. V. , Makaev Z. R.
Published: January 2025

New vicinal all-cis-trisubstituted derivatives of cyclopentane- and cyclopentenetriols were synthesized.
Topical brinzolamide-induced ciliary body effusion with secondary angle closure and myopic shift
Authors: Guymer Chelsea , Galanopoulos Anna
Published: January 2025

Here, we describe a rare case of drug-induced unilateral ciliary body effusion precipitated by topical brinzolamide, presenting acutely with pain, angle closure and myopic shift.

Ciliary body effusion was suspected clinically and confirmed by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Brinzolamide was ceased, atropine instilled and the ciliary body effusion promptly resolved without need for further treatment. Brinzolamide is a sulfonamide-derived carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma. Sulfite derivates can rarely cause ciliary and suprachoroidal effusions, so if ocular pain or visual changes develop, these need to be promptly assessed.
Unilateral diffuse cytotoxic oedema and crossed cerebellar diaschisis related to status epilepticus
Authors: Singh Srishti , Kumar Tushant , Narayan Shamrendra
Published: January 2025

Postseizure brain changes on imaging are well-known facts. Many times, oedematous brain changes can mimic ischaemic stroke. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis refers to a depression in metabolism, affecting the cerebellar hemisphere due to contralateral supratentorial abnormalities. We report a unique case of postictal unilateral pan hemispheric diffuse brain oedema with simultaneous crossed cerebellar diaschisis, which is a very rare phenomenon.
Persistent labial adhesions in a reproductive-age patient masquerading as urethrovaginal fistula
Authors: Vatsa Richa , Saini Arti , Aggarwal Ankita , Dhiman Soniya
Published: January 2025

Labial adhesion in a reproductive-age woman is a rare entity. A woman in her 30s presented with complaints of passage of urine and menstrual blood from the same opening since menarche. The patient underwent some corrective surgery for the same, but the symptoms did not resolve. On MRI, a urethrovaginal fistula was suspected, and the patient came to our centre with this diagnosis. Examination revealed two small openings at the introitus, but urethral and vaginal openings were not seen separately. On vaginoscopy, labia minora fusion was suspected and separated under local anaesthesia. The urethral and vaginal openings were seen behind fused labia. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the same day. At follow-up, normal labial anatomy was present. A thorough gynaecological examination is integral in women presenting with urinary complaints, and a simple procedure under local anaesthesia can restore normal labial anatomy.
Management of severe post-bariatric hypoglycaemia with octreotide delivered via a Tandem t:slim insulin pump
Authors: Jiang Bo , Malone Annabelle , Schmiedel Ole
Published: January 2025

A woman in her 40s presented with severe post-bariatric hypoglycaemia that persisted despite nutritional therapy and pharmacological therapy with acarbose and subcutaneous octreotide with meals. The nutritional limitations were difficult to sustain, and she developed adverse effects to the pharmacological therapy, and hence, doses could not be increased. She was subsequently treated with subcutaneous octreotide via an insulin pump, with a continuous basal rate and additional bolus doses with meals. This led to significant improvements in hypoglycaemia and less side effects, as well as the ability to titrate doses. This report describes the course of her treatment, illustrating continuous octreotide treatment via an insulin pump as a potential additional treatment option in post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.
Bilateral corneal endothelial decompensation following airbag-induced trauma
Authors: Khaliq Tayyib , Pummiram Srivarshini , Iqbal Naeem , Jenyon Tom
Published: January 2025

Approximately 3% of individuals in road traffic accidents suffer ocular injuries. We present a case of a man in his late 80s who presented with bilateral corneal decompensation following airbag deployment during a road traffic accident. Ocular examination revealed multilevel ocular injury with severe bilateral corneal oedema. This was managed with topical steroids, mydriatics and antibiotic therapy. At 1-month follow-up, the left eye had persistent corneal oedema. Specular microscopy was performed which confirmed endothelial cell loss making the patient a candidate for a corneal endothelial graft. We observed blunt trauma from airbag deployment causing endothelial cell loss and subsequent corneal decompensation. Our findings suggest that patients presenting to the emergency department with facial trauma from airbag injury should be referred for comprehensive ophthalmological assessment and that the reviewing ophthalmologist should have endothelial cell loss in mind during examination.
Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and future projections for hip fractures in Zimbabwe
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Manyanga Tadios , Burton Anya , Mushayavanhu Prudance , Chipanga Joseph , Hawley Samuel , Ward Kate A , Graham Simon , Masters James , Bandason Tsitsi , Costa Matthew L , Ndekwere Munyaradzi , Ferrand Rashida A , Gregson Celia L
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Population ageing in Africa is increasing healthcare demands. Hip fractures require multidisciplinary care and are considered an indicator condition for age-related health services. We aimed to estimate current hip fracture incidence in Zimbabwe, compare rates against other regional estimates and estimate future fracture numbers.

Methods

All hip fracture cases in adults aged ≥40 years, presenting to any hospital in Harare over 2 years, were identified. From this, age- and sex-specific hip fracture incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were estimated using 2022 Zimbabwean Census data and compared with South African and Botswanan estimates. Furthermore, using the United Nations population projections, future hip fracture numbers were estimated to 2052 for Zimbabwe.

Results

In 2022, 1 83 312 women and 1 79 212 men aged ≥40 years were living in Harare (14.9% of the city’s population). Over 2 years 243 hip fracture cases, 133 (54.7%) female, mean (SD) age 71.2 (15.9) years, were identified. Most presented to public hospitals (202 [83.1%]) and were fragility hip fractures (211 [86.8%]); high-impact trauma (eg, traffic accidents) was more common in younger men. Presentation delays of >2 weeks were common (37.4%). Incidence rates for adults aged ≥40 years in Harare (observed) and Zimbabwe (estimated) were 33.5 and 53.8/100 000 person-years, respectively. Over age 50, rates increased with age, with the highest rates seen in women aged ≥85 years (704/100 000 person-years). Age-standardised hip fracture incidence rates are broadly comparable between Zimbabwe, Botswana and Black South Africans in those aged 40–69 years; thereafter, rates in Zimbabwean women and men exceed those in Botswana and South Africa. Across Zimbabwe, the number of hip fractures occurring annually is expected to increase more than 2.5-fold from 1709 in 2022 to 4414 by 2052.

Conclusion

In Zimbabwe, most hip fractures in adults ≥50 years are fragility fractures, consistent with age-associated osteoporosis; incidence rates exceed those previously reported regionally. Demands on already challenged healthcare systems will increase.
Adverse childhood experiences and perceived body size across the life course: a longitudinal study using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: De Rubeis Vanessa , Gonzalez Andrea , Griffith Lauren , Tarride Jean-Eric , Anderson Laura N
Published: January 2025

Background

Early life adversity has long-term effects; however, the influence on changes in body size across the life course is not well understood. Objectives of this study were to define trajectories of body size across the life course and to evaluate the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and perceived life course body size trajectories.

Methods

A longitudinal study using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) was conducted (n=11 830). Adults aged 49–93 were asked to recall eight ACEs and their perceived body size at ages 25, 45, 55, 65 and current using pictograms. Body size trajectories were identified using latent class growth mixture modelling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between ACEs and perceived body size trajectories. Effect modification by sex was explored.

Results

Six distinct life course body size trajectories were identified: consistently low (9.7%), consistently mid-size (24.7%), moderate increase (37.4%), strong increase (14.7%), decline (4.9%) and consistently high (8.6%). High ACE exposure, compared with none, was associated with increased odds of the strong increase (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.83) and consistently high (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.73) body size trajectories, compared with the moderate-increase trajectory. For females, there was a strong association for those who reported 4–8 ACEs with the consistently high trajectory (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.34) but no association for males (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.41).

Discussion

Distinct patterns of body size throughout the life course exist. ACEs are associated with trajectories that are characterised by obesity incidence in both early and later life.
Fasting-mimicking diet-enrichedBifidobacterium pseudolongumsuppresses colorectal cancer by inducing memory CD8+T cells
Authors: Nan Ke , Zhong Ziwen , Yue Ying , Shen Yang , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhuma Kameina , Yu Baichao , Fu Ying , Wang Luman , Sun Xingfeng , Qu Mengdi , Chen Zhaoyuan , Guo Miaomiao , Zhang Jie , Chu Yiwei , Liu Ronghua , Miao Changhong
Published: January 2025

Background

Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) boosts the antitumour immune response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota is a key host immunity regulator, affecting physiological homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.

Objective

We aimed to investigate how FMD protects against CRC via gut microbiota modulation.

Design

We assessed probiotic species enrichment in FMD-treated CRC mice using faecal metagenomic sequencing. The candidate species were verified in antibiotic-treated conventional and germ-free mouse models. Immune landscape alterations were evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolour flow cytometry. The microbiota-derived antitumour metabolites were identified using metabolomic profiling.

Results

Faecal metagenomic profiling revealedBifidobacterium pseudolongumenrichment in FMD-treated CRC mice.B. pseudolongummediates the FMD antitumour effects by increasing the tissue-resident memory CD8+T-cell (TRM) population in CRC mice. The level of L-arginine, aB. pseudolongumfunctional metabolite, increased in FMD-treated CRC mice; furthermore, L-arginine induced the TRM phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, L-arginine is transported by the solute carrier family 7-member 1 (SLC7A1) receptor in CD8+T cells. Both FMD andB. pseudolongumimproved anti-CTLA-4 efficacy in the orthotopic mouse CRC model. In FMD-treated patients with CRC, the CD8+TRM cell number increased asB. pseudolongumand L-arginine accumulated. The abundance of CD8+TRM cells andB. pseudolongumwas associated with a better prognosis in patients with CRC.

Conclusion

B. pseudolongumcontributes to the FMD antitumour effects in CRC by producing L-arginine. This promotes CD8+T-cell differentiation into memory cells.B. pseudolongumadministration is a potential CRC therapeutic strategy.
Minor head trauma precipitating acute syndromes in neurogenetic disease
Authors: Lycett Mitchell Joseph , Kumar Kishore Raj , Boland-Freitas Robert , Ng Karl
Published: January 2025

Most minor head injuries have no immediate neurological sequelae. We present a case where acute neurological symptoms followed a very minor head injury, and an underlying genetic cause was identified. We highlight the role that head injuries, even when innocuous, may have in precipitating and worsening a neurogenetic disorder.
Effects of daylong exposure to indoor overheating on enterocyte damage and inflammatory responses in older adults: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Lee Ben , Meade Robert D. , Davey Sarah L. , Thake Charles D. , McCormick James J. , King Kelli E. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: January 2025

We evaluated enterocyte damage (IFABP), microbial translocation (sCD14), and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in 16 older adults (66-78 years) during 8 hours rest in conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control), the 26°C indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies, and homes without air-conditioning during heatwaves (31°C, 36°C). Relative to 22°C, IFABP was elevated ~181 pg/mL after exposure to 31°C (P=0.07), and by ~378 pg/mL (P<0.001) after exposure to 36°C. No differences were observed for sCD14, TNF-α, IL-6, or CRP (all P≥0.26). Our data supports recommendations to maintain indoor temperatures ≤26°C to preserve gastrointestinal barrier integrity in heat-vulnerable persons.
Indigenous Owned Aquatic Monitoring Programs in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region Work: An Adaptive Framework with example Traditional & Local Knowledge Quotes and Coastal Marine Water Quality Data Collected from 2019 to 2022 near Sachs Harbour and Ulukhaktok
Authors: Akhiatak K. P. , Akoaksion Jerry , Alanak Tony , Drost Helen , Esau Warren , Haogak Charlton , Harry J , Inuktalik Roy , Johnston Patricia , Joss Cora , Klengenberg Naomi , Kudlak Derek , Kudlak J , Kudlak Koral , Kuptana Jeff , Malgokak Elliot , Noksana Jr. John , Okheena Byron , Pogotak Joey , Pogotak Allen
Published: January 2025

Canadian Arctic residents are experiencing longer open water seasons and observing significant change in aquatic species and habitats. Rapid ecosystem change threatens Inuit people’s food security and adds to existing generational trauma caused by ongoing colonialism and industrialization. Indigenous owned environmental monitoring programs prioritize safety, support community empowerment and self-determination to increase the understanding of and resilience to the impacts of this human caused global climate crisis. To this end, in 2019 local expert fishers and hunters from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region worked collaboratively with an independent research scientist to start up community owned aquatic monitoring and observation (AMO) programs in Sachs Harbour and Ulukhaktok in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. The field teams received training to collect year-round data of lake and coastal water quality data using scientific instruments that measure water temperature, conductivity/salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen with depth from the surface down to 150 meters. ROV’s, drones and hydrophones extend observations and Traditional & Local Knowledge (TLK) directs the programs. External clients can hire the teams to augment core funding. AMO teams are finalizing their program and data ownership protocols, which are informed by the Canadian UNDRIP Act and OCAP® principles. Indigenous owned, directed and operated environmental monitoring programs justly deserve funding priority and ongoing public support to help conserve and protect critical areas for future generations.
Measuring Chern–Simons level k by braiding $$SU(2)_k$$ anyons
Authors: Belov Artem , Morozov Andrey
Published: January 2025

Chern–Simons theory in application to the quantum computing is actively developing at the present. However, most discussed are the questions of using materials with known parameters and building corresponding quantum gates and algorithms. In this paper we discuss opposite problem of finding Chern–Simons level k in the unknown material. For this purpose, we use the previously derived braiding rules for Chern–Simons

$$SU(2)_k$$

S
U

(
2
)

k

anyons. Using certain operations (turnarounds) on three anyons, one can measure probabilities of annihilation of pairs of anyons, which depend on the parameter of the theory. Therefore, Chern–Simons level k can be found from such an experiment. It is implied that anyons additionally possess certain properties which are required for topological quantum computations.
A comprehensive analysis of stable configurations of nonrotating BTZ-ModMax thin-shell wormholes
Authors: Javed Faisal , Waseem Arfa , Sadiq Sobia , Mustafa G.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the characteristics and stability of nonrotating BTZ-ModMax thin-shell wormholes, emphasizing the interaction between spacetime structure and black hole parameters. The locality of the event horizon is substantially affected by the ModMax parameter

$$\xi $$

ξ

and the horizon shifting inward by increasing the ModMax parameter. We examine that enhancing the charge of a black hole results in an extension of the horizon radius which shows the intricate interplay between charge and geometry. Here, we use different types of matter distribution characterized by distinct equations of state. It is noted that the thin-shell wormhole configurations containing quintessence-like matter have more stability, whereas configurations with phantom energy demonstrate unstable behavior. Our stability analysis reveals that thin-shell wormholes exhibit increased stability with higher values of charge, whereas larger cosmological constants diminish stability regions. Moreover, the generalized Chaplygin gas results in unstable configurations, underscoring the significance of the matter type in ascertaining wormhole stability. These findings deepen our comprehension of thin-shell wormholes and create new possibilities for future inquiry in theoretical physics.
Hydroeconomic Analysis: History, Status, and Possibilities
Authors: Ward Frank A.
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews recent advances in the motivation, conceptualization, development, application, and assessment of hydroeconomic models (HEMs), for which these models are implemented by conducting a hydroeconomic analysis (HEA). It addresses various dimensions of HEA, including problems motivating the need for an HEM, roles of HEA, policy debates informed by HEMs, important uses of HEA, recent achievements in the scientific literature performed by use of HEMs, future improvements desired in HEA, as well as one simple prototype HEM. Supplementary material is included describing some contributions made to HEA, with special attention given to four individual contributors to water resource economics generally, criteria for credibility, and a description of some of the more popular mathematical programming packages used to build an HEM.
An introduction to ‘Carbonate Reservoirs: Applying Current Knowledge to Future Energy Needs’
Authors: Garland Joanna , Barnett Andrew J. , Burchette Trevor , Wright V. Paul
Published: January 2025

More than a century of exploitation of carbonate petroleum reservoirs has placed the geoscience subsurface community in a strong position to supply a wealth of knowledge and technology to our future energy needs. This special publication presents the latest learnings from carbonate oil and gas fields in key areas such as Brazil, the Middle East and North Africa, and demonstrates how the skills and workflows learnt in this industry can be directly applied to geothermal and radioactive waste disposal evaluations in carbonate successions. Particular reference is made to producing geothermal assets in Germany (Jurassic Malm reservoir), ultra-deep geothermal exploration projects in The Netherlands (Carboniferous reservoirs) and feasibility studies of a deep geological repository for radioactive waste disposal in France (Jurassic).

A common theme running through the special publication is the importance of recognizing high-permeability zones, which can have an enormous impact on producibility, whether in oil, gas or geothermal reservoirs. High-permeability zones can result in high production rates but can also be detrimental, whether owing to early water breakthrough, resulting in bypassed oil, or H
2
S migration resulting in sour gas production.

As we transition to alternative energy sources, this special publication looks back on the positive contributions of the oil and gas industry to our scientific knowledge and understanding, and discusses the ways in which carbonate and associated evaporite successions will play a critical role in our future energy needs.