bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disruption of adenosine metabolism increases risk of seizure‐induced death despite decreased seizure severity
Authors: Purnell Benton , Bhasin Jayant , Rust Brian , George Steven , Bah Kadiatou , Lu Tracy , Fedele Denise , Boison Detlev
Published: July 2024

Objective

Respiratory arrest plays an important role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Adenosine is of interest in SUDEP pathophysiology due to its influence on seizures and breathing. The objective of this investigation was to examine the role of adenosine in seizure severity, seizure‐induced respiratory disruption, and seizure‐induced death using mouse models. Understanding adenosinergic contributions to seizure cessation and seizure‐induced death may provide insights into how SUDEP can be prevented while avoiding increased seizure severity.

Methods

Our approach was to examine: (1) seizure severity and seizure‐induced death after 15 mA electroshock seizures and during repeated pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) administration in wild‐type mice (Adk
+/+) and transgenic mice with reduced adenosine metabolism (Adk
+/−); (2) the postictal hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in wild‐type mice (the postictal HCVR could not be examined in Adk
+/− mice due to their high mortality rate); and (3) the effects of adenosinergic drugs on seizure severity and seizure‐induced death following maximal electroshock (MES).

Results

Adk
+/− mice were more vulnerable to seizure‐induced death in the 15 mA electroshock and repeated PTZ models. Despite increased mortality, Adk
+/− mice had comparable seizure severity in the PTZ model and reduced seizure severity in the 15 mA electroshock model. Breathing and HCVR were suppressed by 15 mA electroshock seizures in wild‐type mice. Pharmacological inhibition of adenosine metabolism decreased MES seizure severity but did not increase mortality. A1 selective and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonists increased seizure‐induced death following MES.

Significance

Adenosine has opposing effects on seizure severity and seizure‐induced death. On the one hand, our seizure severity data highlight the importance of adenosine in seizure suppression. On the other hand, our mortality data indicate that excessive extracellular adenosine signaling can increase the risk of seizure‐induced respiratory arrest.
The use of hysteroscopy to identify and treat reproductive tract abnormalities in the mare
Authors: Eaton Sarah
Published: July 2024

Hysteroscopy is a complementary tool to the traditional transrectal palpation and ultrasonography commonly performed by equine practitioners. Once mastered, it is a quick and useful diagnostic tool for the general and targeted evaluation of the endometrium and provides real time information about potential causes of subfertility. Samples of intrauterine fluid and the endometrium can be taken via transendoscopic catheters or infusion pipettes or via the use of traditional endometrial biopsy forceps. In addition to being a useful diagnostic tool, treatments can often be performed at the same time the pathologies are identified, providing mare owners with information and resolution of problems. With the development of additional technologies, hysteroscopy allows for optical biopsies to be performed, which will likely increase in use as the software moves from the research laboratories to clinical practice. Hysteroscopy is an easily learned, useful clinical skill for the identification of abnormalities in the mares' reproductive tract.
Medical negligence under pressure: obligations of clinicians and healthcare services in the setting of resource limitations
Authors: Panaccio Danielle C. , Farmer Caitlin C. , Pang Sam C. , Dean Jessica M. , Mahar Patrick D. , Kevat Dev A.
Published: July 2024

Healthcare provision takes place in a variety of contexts, with variations of resources available to practitioners and their patients. Effects from the COVID‐19 pandemic superimposed on existing system demands have driven increasing concern about resource limitations, particularly in rural and remote settings. This article explores the legal liability of medical practitioners and healthcare services with respect to actions in negligence arising from harm to patients suffered, either partly or wholly, as a result of resource limitations.
Prognostic factors for the development of incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD): A systematic review
Authors: Deprez Julie , Ohde Nils , Eilegård Wallin Alexandra , Bååth Carina , Hommel Ami , Hultin Lisa , Josefson Anna , Kottner Jan , Beeckman Dimitri
Published: July 2024

Incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is an irritant contact dermatitis from prolonged contact with urine or faeces, which can significantly impact patient comfort and quality of life. The identification of prognostic factors for the development of IAD has the potential to enhance management, support preventive measures and guide future research. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the empirical evidence of prognostic factors for the development of IAD. This study included prospective and retrospective observational studies or clinical trials that described prognostic factors associated with IAD. There were no restrictions on setting, time, language, participants or geographical regions. Exclusion criteria included reviews, editorials, commentaries, methodological articles, letters to the editor, cross‐sectional and case–control studies, and case reports. Searches were conducted from inception to April 2024 on MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The studies were assessed by two independent reviewers using the QUIPS and the CHARMS‐PF for data extraction. A narrative synthesis approach was employed due to study heterogeneity and using the ‘vote counting based on direction’ method and the sign test. The overall certainty of evidence was assessed using adapted GRADE criteria. The review included 12 studies and identified 15 potential predictors. Moderate‐quality evidence suggests that increased stool frequency, limited mobility and friction/shear problems are risk factors for IAD development. Female sex, older age, vasopressor use and loose/liquid stool are risk factors supported by low‐quality evidence. Increased stool frequency, limited mobility and friction/shear problems seem to be risk factors for the development of IAD. There is insufficient evidence to support the predictive validity of female sex, older age, loose/liquid stool and vasopressor use. There is substantial methodological variability across studies, making it challenging to make comparisons. Large‐scale cohort studies in different settings that incorporate our review findings should be conducted in the future.
Mendelian randomization studies of periodontitis: Understanding benefits and natural limitations in an applied context
Authors: Haworth Simon , Timpson Nicholas J. , Divaris Kimon
Published: July 2024

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a flexible analytical tool that has been widely applied to strengthen causal inference in observational epidemiology and is now gaining attention in many areas including periodontal research. The interpretation of results drawn from MR is based on a series of assumptions, which can be unrealistic or difficult to meet faithfully in some settings. However, we argue that with care, this does not necessarily prevent valuable deployment of the approach. We argue that clarity of presentation as well as careful assessment of specific analytical conditions is a fundamental part of all MR analyses. To that end, awareness of its limitations should also guide the design of MR investigations and the presentation of results rather than rule out its use altogether. Notably, considerations similar to those known to be important in conventional epidemiological settings apply to MR. While MR studies are valuable in their contrast to other study limitations, the application of this technique must be carefully cross‐examined. Specific considerations include possible confounders, recruitment strategy and phenotypic measurement and differential analysis properties across studies. In the case of periodontal research, current MR applications are limited by the available evidence base for genetic contributions to periodontitis; however, this sets a specific scene for the strategic use of MR and shines light on a need for greater research emphasis on the genetics of the condition and intermediaries. This article provides a perspective on the uses and inherent limitations of MR studies and the importance of adhering to basic epidemiological principles when designing them.
How does asset redeployability affect stock price crash risk?
Authors: Abbassi Wajih , Khalifa Mariem , Saffar Walid , Sun Yuan
Published: July 2024

How does a firm's asset redeployability affect its future stock price crash risk? Asset redeployability, which refers to the ease of selling corporate assets, allows managers to opportunistically exploit asset transactions to manage earnings to hoard bad news, thereby increasing future crash risk. Using a large sample of US firms, we find that firms with higher asset redeployability are more likely to experience a future stock price crash. We further find that this positive association is stronger for firms experiencing greater internal and external pressure to manage earnings. Our study highlights that relying on redeployable assets to orchestrate earnings undermines shareholders' interests, particularly when internal and external pressures incentivize upward earnings management.
Considering need satisfaction both at work and at home: What matters for employees' work–family enrichment and well‐being?
Authors: Baumann Heidi M. , Wilson Kelly Schwind
Published: July 2024

The current study examines complexities in relationships between need satisfaction at work, need satisfaction at home, work‐to‐family enrichment (WFE) and well‐being (in terms of positive affect). Competing theoretical perspectives are offered regarding relationships between need satisfaction and WFE. The first perspective, based in a domain specificity approach focused on the directional nature of WFE, suggests that need satisfaction at work is what matters for employees' WFE, irrespective of their need satisfaction at home. Alternatively, a second perspective proposes that both need satisfaction at work and need satisfaction at home represent important factors in employees' experiences of WFE and that congruence (i.e. similarity) between these two constructs is what matters for WFE. Competing hypotheses are tested in a sample of 204 full‐time employees who completed both a work and home survey and were rated on well‐being at home by a significant other. Results support the first perspective for competence need satisfaction and relatedness need satisfaction, while the second perspective is supported for autonomy need satisfaction. For all three needs, indirect relationships are found with well‐being, both at work and at home, via WFE. Relevant theoretical and practical implications are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
GIS‐based G × E modeling of maize hybrids through enviromic markers engineering
Authors: Resende Rafael T. , Xavier Alencar , Silva Pedro Italo T. , Resende Marcela P. M. , Jarquin Diego , Marcatti Gustavo E.
Published: July 2024

Through enviromics, precision breeding leverages innovative geotechnologies to customize crop varieties to specific environments, potentially improving both crop yield and genetic selection gains.

In Brazil's four southernmost states, data from 183 distinct geographic field trials (also accounting for 2017–2021) covered information on 164 genotypes: 79 phenotyped maize hybrid genotypes for grain yield and their 85 nonphenotyped parents. Additionally, 1342 envirotypic covariates from weather, soil, sensor‐based, and satellite sources were collected to engineer 10 K synthetic enviromic markers via machine learning.

Soil, radiation light, and surface temperature variations remarkably affect differential genotype yield, hinting at ecophysiological adjustments including evapotranspiration and photosynthesis. The enviromic ensemble‐based random regression model showcases superior predictive performance and efficiency compared to the baseline and kernel models, matching the best genotypes to specific geographic coordinates. Clustering analysis has identified regions that minimize genotype‐environment (G × E) interactions. These findings underscore the potential of enviromics in crafting specific parental combinations to breed new, higher‐yielding hybrid crops.

The adequate use of envirotypic information can enhance the precision and efficiency of maize breeding by providing important inputs about the environmental factors that affect the average crop performance. Generating enviromic markers associated with grain yield can enable a better selection of hybrids for specific environments.
Fertility and Family Dynamics in the Aftermath of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Wilde Joshua
Published: July 2024

When the COVID‐19 pandemic began in early 2020, speculation was rife both in public and academic spheres over its possible effects on birth rates and partnership behavior. Now, over four years later, we still know surprisingly little about the effect of COVID‐19 on fertility and family dynamics. In this paper, we outline three main takeaways from the scientific literature produced on this topic in the past four years. We argue that (1) we still do not have enough data to answer basic questions about the effect of COVID‐19 on fertility and family dynamics, (2) the data we do have suggest an unexpectedly incoherent and heterogeneous response, and (3) the estimated effects we do have are suspect since shifting and theoretically unexpected prepandemic fertility behavior made identifying a strict causal effect of the pandemic problematic.
Atopic diseases—Diagnostics, mechanisms, and exposures
Authors: Schoos Ann‐Marie Malby
Published: July 2024

Epidemiological data suggest that atopic diseases begin in early life and that most cases present clinically during early childhood. The diseases are highly prevalent and increase as communities adopt western lifestyles. Disentangling the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to disease debut is necessary to identify beneficial/harmful exposures so that successful prevention and treatment can be generated. The objective of this review is to explore the definition of atopy and mechanisms of atopic diseases, and to investigate the importance of environmental factors in early life, prior to disease development. First, the distribution of sIgE levels in children is investigated, as this is one of the main criteria for the definition of atopy. Thereafter, it is explored how studies of parental atopic status, sensitization patterns, and early debut and severity of atopic dermatitis have substantiated the theory of an early‐life window of opportunity for intervention that precedes the development of atopic diseases in childhood. Then, it is examined whether early‐life exposures such as breastfeeding, dogs, cats, and house dust mites in the home perinatally constitute important influencers in this crucial time of life. Finally, it is discussed how these findings could be validated in randomized controlled trials, which might prepare the ground for improved diagnostics and prevention strategies to mitigate the current atopic pandemic.
Clinical experience with remimazolam in pediatric anesthesiology: An educational focused review
Authors: Tobias Joseph D.
Published: July 2024

Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort‐acting benzodiazepine, which like midazolam, results in sedation, anxiolysis, and amnesia through its agonistic effects on the gamma‐amino butyric acid A receptor. As opposed to midazolam, its unique metabolism is via tissue esterases, which results in a rapid elimination with a limited context sensitive half‐life and prompt dissipation of its effect when administration is discontinued. Remimazolam received FDA approval for use in adults in 2020. In preliminary and initial clinical trials, its efficacy and safety has been suggested in the adult population, both as a primary agent for procedural sedation or as an adjunct to general anesthesia. There are limited data regarding the use of remimazolam in infants and children and its use in this population remains off label as it does not hold FDA‐approval in pediatric‐aged patients. This narrative outlines the pharmacologic properties of this unique medication, reviews previous published reports of its role in pediatric‐aged patients, and discusses dosing parameters and clinical use in this population.
Prospects for tritordeum (×Tritordeum martinii A. Pujadas, Nothosp. Nov.) cereal breeding: Key points for future challenges
Authors: Rodríguez‐Suárez Cristina , Requena‐Ramírez María Dolores , Mazzucotelli Elisabetta , Mastrangelo Anna Maria , Marcotuli Ilaria , Gadaleta Agata , Martín Antonio , Hornero‐Méndez Dámaso , Atienza Sergio G.
Published: July 2024

Tritordeum is the new cereal derived from crosses between the wild barley Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schultz. and either durum or bread wheat, resulting in hexaploid and octoploid tritordeums, respectively. The success of tritordeum as a crop depends on the effectiveness of its breeding programme. In this work, new advanced tritordeum lines are screened for grain carotenoid content and disease susceptibility to analyse the impact of the current breeding strategies and to identify their strengths and putative limitations for future challenges. We conclude that selection for grain carotenoid content, the main strength for the tritordeum commercialization, should be reinforced not only by using the diversity of H. chilense but also incorporating beneficial alleles from durum wheat. Furthermore, genes for stem rust resistance from the A and B wheat genomes must be incorporated into tritordeum breeding programme. Finally, when selecting for threshability, tritordeums without chromosome substitutions should be preferentially selected using a marker‐assisted selection approach.
The P2 protein of wheat yellow mosaic virus acts as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana to facilitate virus infection
Authors: Chen Dao , Zhang Hui‐Ying , Hu Shu‐Ming , He Zheng , Wu Yong Qi , Zhang Zong‐Ying , Wang Ying , Han Cheng‐Gui
Published: July 2024

Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe viral wheat disease in Asia. The WYMV P1 protein encoded by RNA2 has viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) activity to facilitate virus infection, however, VSR activity has not been identified for P2 protein encoded by RNA2. In this study, P2 protein exhibited strong VSR activity in Nicotiana benthamiana at the four‐leaf stage, and point mutants P70A and G230A lost VSR activity. Protein P2 interacted with calmodulin (CaM) protein, a gene‐silencing associated protein, while point mutants P70A and G230A did not interact with it. Competitive bimolecular fluorescence complementation and competitive co‐immunoprecipitation experiments showed that P2 interfered with the interaction between CaM and calmodulin‐binding transcription activator 3 (CAMTA3), but the point mutants P70A and G230A could not. Mechanical inoculation of wheat with in vitro transcripts of WYMV infectious cDNA clone further confirmed that VSR‐deficient mutants P70A and G230A decreased WYMV infection in wheat plants compared with the wild type. In addition, RNA silencing, temperature, ubiquitination and autophagy had significant effects on accumulation of P2 protein in N. benthamiana leaves. In conclusion, WYMV P2 plays a VSR role in N. benthamiana and promotes virus infection by interfering with calmodulin‐related antiviral RNAi defense.
Exploring transfer effects on memory and its neural mechanisms through a computerized cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kang Jae Myeong , Kim Nambeom , Yun Seon Kyung , Seo Ha‐Eun , Bae Jae Nam , Kim Won‐Hyoung , Na Kyoung‐Sae , Cho Seo‐Eun , Ryu Seung‐Ho , Noh Young , Youn Jung‐Hae , Kang Seung‐Gul , Lee Jun‐Young , Cho Seong‐Jin
Published: July 2024

Background

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been proposed as a potential therapy for cognitive decline. One of the benefits of CCT is a transfer effect, but its mechanism on the memory domain is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the transfer effect of non‐memory multidomain CCT on the memory domain and its neural basis in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Patients with MCI recruited from memory clinics were randomly assigned to either the CCT or the control group. The CCT group received multidomain CCT training excluding memory training, while the control group read educational books with learning‐based quizzes twice a week for 8 weeks. Participants underwent memory tests yielding a composite score, other cognitive domain tests, non‐cognitive scales, and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), at baseline and after intervention. Within‐ and between‐group comparisons, group × time interactions, and seed‐to‐voxel analyses in memory‐involving brain networks were performed.

Results

The CCT group showed improvement over the control group in memory domain (Group × time, F = 5.87, P = 0.03, η2 = 0.31), which was related with the increased connectivity in the hippocampal‐frontal and fusiform‐occipital network. No other cognitive and non‐cognitive symptoms differed between groups after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion

Eight weeks of multidomain CCT without memory training improved memory function and restored functional network in the hippocampal and medial temporal region in MCI patients. These results can provide evidence for the transferring ability of CCT on memory functioning with its neural basis.
Leaders' mental health and leader‐member exchange: Exploring relations on different levels of analysis
Authors: Diebig Mathias , Gritzka Susan , Gast Michael , Erschens Rebecca , Gündel Harald , Hofmann Sophie , Junne Florian , Schröpel Carla , Angerer Peter
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Research on leader‐member exchange (LMX) has shown that the relation between leaders and followers may be considered from different angles. Leaders may form individual relationships with followers (LMX quality), may agree with their followers on these relationships (LMX agreement), and may form different relationships within their work group (LMX variability). We posit that leaders' mental health may function as an antecedent for these different forms of LMX. We use conservation‐of‐resources theory as a theoretical model to describe how leaders' mental health may interact with relationship quality with followers on different levels.

Methods

We operationalized leaders' mental health using depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress reactivity. Our sample consisted of 322 followers of 75 leaders. Followers rated the LMX quality with their respective leader. Leaders rated depressive symptoms, anxiety, levels of stress reactivity, and LMX quality with their followers.

Results

Results of multilevel modeling showed that stress reactivity was negatively related to LMX quality and anxiety was positively linked to LMX agreement. Depressive symptoms were not related to aspects of LMX.

Conclusion

By using multisource data on different analysis levels, we are able to include different perspectives on antecedents of LMX relationship quality. Implications for LMX at different levels of analysis as well as future research are discussed.
Verb‐echo answers in Japanese do not call for syntactic head movement: Arguments for a pragmatic account*
Authors: Tanabe Tomoya , Kobayashi Ryoichiro
Published: July 2024

This paper tackles the issue of whether syntactic head movement exists in Japanese. Sato & Hayashi (2018) and Sato & Maeda (2021) propose that Verb‐Echo Answers (VEAs), an instance of fragment answers, in Japanese are derived via the so‐called Verb‐stranding TP‐Ellipsis (VTPE; i.e., TP‐ellipsis accompanied by verb‐raising to C), thereby claiming that head movement exists in Japanese as a syntactic operation. In response, this paper argues that pro and Argument Ellipsis (AE) in Japanese sufficiently account for the key observations presented in their works. Specifically, a careful examination of the discourse in each question‐answer pair reveals that the seemingly problematic scope patterns in VEAs do not call for the VTPE analysis. We also show that the unacceptability of voice mismatches in VEAs can be explained by a discourse‐based analysis within the Question Under Discussion framework. Further, we provide an extensive discussion on the alleged evidence against the pro/AE analysis concerning adjunct‐inclusive readings. We show that negative scope reversal effects, which Sato & Maeda (2021) argue occur in VTPE, do not occur between adjuncts and negation in the novel data. Given this, we discuss possible ways to account for the availability of adjunct‐inclusive readings in VEAs with no recourse to VTPE, and suggest avenues for future research. The proposed analyses of VEAs shed new light on intriguing aspects of ellipsis phenomena, which involve complex interactions between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
The novel non‐classical HLA‐G*01:46 identified in a Brazilian individual
Authors: Romero Matilde , Stelet Vinícius Navega , Binato Renata , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: July 2024

Non‐classical HLA‐G*01:46 differs from G*01:01:03:03 at one position in exon 3.
Identification of eight new HLA class I alleles by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Loginova Maria , Makhova Olga , Smirnova Daria , Paramonov Igor
Published: July 2024

Eight novel HLA class I alleles detected by next‐generation sequencing.
The aim and validity of inference and argument
Authors: Prawitz Dag
Published: July 2024

An inference can be seen as a speech act, in which one passes from a number of assertions called premisses to another assertion, the conclusion, which is presented as supported or justified by the premisses. To justify the assertion that appears as conclusion is the characteristic aim of an inference. Here, we confine ourselves to deductive inferences where the justification is taken to be conclusive. A short, natural explanation of what it is for a (deductive) inference to be valid is to say that it is valid if it succeeds in its aim, that is, if its premisses do (conclusively) justify the conclusion, given that premisses are justified. The paper is concerned with developing this explanation further.
Towards a model of world Englishes and multilingual variation
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend
Published: July 2024

Drawing on research on multilingualism in South Africa and India, this paper attempts to integrate world Englishes studies and variationist sociolinguistics; in other words, to fill in a missing dialogue between Braj Kachru and William Labov. The classic studies of variationism have been undertaken in large western centres in which the hegemony of one language is largely accepted. In the postcolonial world elsewhere, language functions and statuses are apportioned differently. This paper therefore probes the extent to which mainstream variationism is applicable outside the western milieu that it has so powerfully illuminated. This paper will outline how P languages (carrying overt prestige and power) interact with S languages (for solidarity and community interaction) within multilingual repertoires in post‐colonial contexts. The paper also explores the extent to which S and P codes interact under contact and switching in ‘third space’ moments that best capture the post‐colonial habitus among educated bilingual speakers.
In silico comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences in the mulberry family (Moraceae)
Authors: NGO Thi Kim Anh , TRAN Thi Anh Thoa , HO Viet The
Published: July 2024

The mulberry family (Moraceae) encompasses a wide range of angiosperms and includes several important fruit plants, such as jackfruit, breadfruit, and figs, among others. While there have been multiple published complete chloroplast (cp) genomes within this family, there has been no comprehensive study that summarizes the characteristics of these sequences. In the current study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset consisting of 32 cp genomes obtained from NCBI GenBank. These genomes belong to 32 species, encompassing 12 genera within the mulberry family. The collected data were used to conduct genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, employing a range of bioinformatics tools. The findings revealed length variations among the cp genomes of different species, ranging from 158,459 bp in Morus mongolica to 162,594 bp in Broussonetia luzonica. Additionally, the study detected structural variations in simple sequence repeat motifs including gene losses. Overall, the phylogenetic results in this study generally supported the existing taxonomy of species within this family, with the exception that Malaisia scandens and Trophis scandens are clustered in the clade of the Broussonetia genus. This investigation provides further evidence of the effectiveness of characterizing the entire cp genome when classifying species and genera within the mulberry family.
Lectotypification of Artemisia nilagirica (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) from India
Authors: ALI Liyaqat , KHUROO Anzar Ahmad , GANIE Aijaz Hassan , MAITY Debabrata
Published: July 2024

The current study of Artemisia nilagirica (C. B. Clarke) Pamp. aims to present research that demonstrates a rigorous scientific approach to resolving taxonomic challenges by meticulously examining the protologue and herbarium specimens and designating a lectotype for A. nilagirica.
Validation of the name Aster magnus (Asteraceae)
Authors: KIM Jae Young , JO Hyeong Jun , JEONG Dae Hui , SON Dong Chan , CHUNG Gyu Young
Published: July 2024

Aster magnus Y. N. Lee & C. S. Kim, originally described from Jeju-do, Korea in 1998, was not validly published because two gatherings were simultaneously indicated as types in the protologue. The name is validated here by designating one new collection kept in Andong National University herbarium (ANH) as the holotype.
La producción de la noticia en la era de los algoritmos: rutinas, métricas y audiencias en los tres medios digitales con mayor tráfico de Argentina
Authors: Retegui Lorena , Focás Brenda
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre las rutinas productivas en los tres sitios de noticias con mayor tráfico en Argentina (Clarín.com, Infobae.com y LaNación.com) y pone el foco en la percepción que editoras y editores tienen respecto de la aplicación de métricas de audiencias y herramientas con lógica algorítmica y el rol predominante que adquirieron las redes sociales y la plataforma Google. El análisis se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo, basado en diez entrevistas en profundidad. Los testimonios de los periodistas coinciden en que seleccionan y jerarquizan información en función de los sistemas de medición de contenido digital. Los roles emergentes vinculados con las audiencias participan cada vez más en el proceso de toma de decisión editorial, lo cual genera tensiones entre aquello que los públicos demandan, los tradicionales criterios de noticiabilidad y los intereses de las empresas para las que trabajan.
Liquid-to-Air Coolant Distribution Units Performance and Considerations for Server Rooms Upgrade With Conventional Air Conditioning
Authors: Heydari Ali , Soud Qusai , Tradat Mohammad , Gharaibeh Ahmad R. , Fallahtafti Najmeh , Rodriguez Jeremy , Sammakia Bahgat
Published: July 2024

As web-based AI applications are growing rapidly, server rooms face escalating computational demands, prompting enterprises to either upgrade their facilities or outsource to co-located sites. This growth strains conventional heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which struggle to handle the substantial thermal load, often resulting in hotspots. Liquid-to-air (L2A) coolant distribution units (CDUs) emerge as a solution, efficiently cooling servers by circulating liquid coolant through cooling loops (CLs) mounted on each server board. In this study, the performance of a 24-kW L2A CDU is evaluated across various scenarios, emphasizing cooling effect and stability. Experimental tests involve a rack with three thermal test vehicles (TTVs), monitoring both liquid coolant and air sides for analysis. Tests are conducted in a limited air-conditioned environment, resembling upgraded server rooms with conventional AC systems. The study also assesses the impact of high-power density cooling units on the server room environment, measuring noise, air velocity, and ambient temperature against ASHRAE standards for human comfort. Recommendations for optimal practices and potential system improvements are included in the research, addressing the growing need for efficient cooling solutions amidst escalating computational demands.
Vowel nasalization does not cue ambisyllabicity in American English nasals: Evidence from nasometry
Authors: Bellavance Sarah Rose , Eads Amanda , Katson Aidan , Álvarez Retamales José , McCollum Alden , Mitra Auromita , Davidson Lisa
Published: July 2024

Using visual spectrographic examination of vowel nasalization to diagnose the syllabic affiliation of phonologically ambisyllabic nasal consonants (e.g., gamma), Durvasula and Huang [(2017). Lang. Sci. 62, 17–36] argued that anticipatory vowel nasalization in these words patterns with word-medial codas. Using nasometry, the current study finds that anticipatory nasalization before monomorphemic and multimorphemic (scammer) ambisyllabic nasals differ from word-medial coda (gamble) and word-final nasals (scam), but not from other intervocalic nasals. Additionally, vowel nasalization is sensitive to the manner of the preceding phoneme. These findings demonstrate that quantifying anticipatory nasalization using nasometry differs from visual spectrographic criteria.
Repression of mRNA translation initiation by GIGYF1 via disrupting the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction
Authors: Choi Jung-Hyun , Luo Jun , Hesketh Geoffrey G. , Guo Shuyue , Pistofidis Angelos , Ladak Reese Jalal , An Yuxin , Naeli Parisa , Alain Tommy , Schmeing T. Martin , Gingras Anne-Claude , Duchaine Thomas , Zhang Xu , Sonenberg Nahum , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Viruses can selectively repress the translation of mRNAs involved in the antiviral response. RNA viruses exploit the Grb10-interacting GYF (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine) proteins 2 (GIGYF2) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) homologous protein 4EHP to selectively repress the translation of transcripts such as
Ifnb1
, which encodes the antiviral cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β). Herein, we reveal that GIGYF1, a paralog of GIGYF2, robustly represses cellular mRNA translation through a distinct 4EHP-independent mechanism. Upon recruitment to a target mRNA, GIGYF1 binds to subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) at the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction interface. This interaction disrupts the eIF3 binding to eIF4G1, resulting in transcript-specific translational repression. Depletion of GIGYF1 induces a robust immune response by derepressing IFN-β production. Our study highlights a unique mechanism of translational regulation by GIGYF1 that involves sequestering eIF3 and abrogating its binding to eIF4G1. This mechanism has profound implications for the host response to viral infections.
Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure
Authors: Bobowski Kamil , Zheng Xinwei , Frietsch Björn , Lawrenz Dominic , Bronsch Wibke , Gahl Cornelius , Andres Beatrice , Strüber Christian , Carley Robert , Teichmann Martin , Scherz Andreas , Molodtsov Serguei , Cacho Cephise , Chapman Richard T. , Springate Emma , Weinelt Martin
Published: July 2024

Optically induced intersite spin transfer (OISTR) promises manipulation of spin systems within the ultimate time limit of laser excitation. Following its prediction, signatures of ultrafast spin transfer between oppositely aligned spin sublattices have been observed in magnetic alloys and multilayers. However, it is known neither from theory nor from experiment whether the band structure immediately follows the ultrafast change in spin polarization or whether the exchange split bands remain rigid. We show that ultrafast spin transfer occurs even in ferromagnetic gadolinium metal. Charge transfer between localized surface and extended valence-band states leads to a decrease of the surface spin polarization. This synchronously alters the exchange splitting of the bulk valence bands during laser excitation. Moreover, the onset of demagnetization can be tuned by over 200 fs by changing the temperature-dependent spin mixing. Our results show a promising route to ultrafast control of the magnetization, widening the impact and applicability of OISTR.
Highly stretchable dynamic hydrogels for soft multilayer electronics
Authors: O’Neill Stephen J. K. , Huang Zehuan , Chen Xiaoyi , Sala Renata L. , McCune Jade A. , Malliaras George G. , Scherman Oren A.
Published: July 2024

Recent progress in the development of synthetic polymer networks has enabled the next generation of hydrogel-based machines and devices. The ability to mimic the mechanical and electrical properties of human tissue gives great potential toward the fields of bioelectronics and soft robotics. However, fabricating hydrogel devices that display high ionic conductivity while maintaining high stretchability and softness remains unmet. Here, we synthesize supramolecular poly(ionic) networks, which display high stretchability (>1500%), compressibility (>90%), and rapid self-recovery (<30 s), while achieving ionic conductivities of up to 0.1 S cm
−1
. Dynamic cross-links give rise to inter-layer adhesion and a stable interface is formed on account of ultrahigh binding affinities (>10
13
M
−2
). Superior adherence between layers enabled the fabrication of an intrinsically stretchable hydrogel power source, paving the way for the next generation of multi-layer tissue mimetic devices.
Crown-of-thorns starfish complete their larval phase eating only nitrogen-fixing
Trichodesmium
cyanobacteria
Authors: Mos Benjamin , Erler Dirk , Lawson Corinne , Dworjanyn Symon A.
Published: July 2024

Cyanobacteria of the genus
Trichodesmium
form extensive blooms that supply new N to nutrient-poor marine ecosystems. Yet little is known about what eats
Trichodesmium
. In this laboratory study, we show that one of the greatest threats to coral reefs, predatory crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS),
Acanthaster
sp., completes their larval phase feeding solely on
Trichodesmium
. We observed
Trichodesmium erythraeum
CMP1985 in the stomachs of larvae using florescence microscopy and traced the assimilation of nitrogen from labeled trichomes into larval tissues using stable isotopes. Some larvae fed
T. erythraeum
were morphologically ready to become benthic juveniles after 19 days. Given that
Trichodesmium
can be food for CoTS, reported increases in
Trichodesmium
could be a driving factor in the heightened frequency of CoTS population irruptions that have devastated coral reefs in past decades. Future studies could test this through investigating the diets of wild larvae and incorporating
Trichodesmium
abundance into models of CoTS population dynamics.
Choosing to learn: The importance of student autonomy in higher education
Authors: Cullen Simon , Oppenheimer Daniel
Published: July 2024

Despite strong evidence that autonomy enhances motivation and achievement, few interventions for promoting student autonomy in higher education have been developed and empirically tested. Here, we demonstrate how two autonomy-supportive policies effectively increase classroom attendance and subject mastery. First, in a randomized controlled field study, we explored the effect of allowing students to choose whether to make their attendance mandatory (i.e., a component of their course grades). We found that nearly all students used the opportunity as a pre-commitment device and were subsequently more likely to attend class than were students whose attendance had been mandated. Second, in a multi-year cohort study, we explored the effect of allowing students to opt out of a challenging, high-effort assessment stream, finding that students given greater autonomy invested more effort into their assignments and attained greater proficiency with the material. We discuss other opportunities for applying choice architecture to improve learning, motivation, and well-being in higher education.
Enhanced native chemical ligation by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid
Authors: Huang Dong-Liang , Guo Wu-Chen , Shi Wei-Wei , Gao Yun-Pu , Zhou Yong-Kang , Wang Long-Jie , Wang Chen , Tang Shan , Liu Lei , Zheng Ji-Shen
Published: July 2024

Chemical ligation of peptides is increasingly used to generate proteins not readily accessible by recombinant approaches. However, a robust method to ligate “difficult” peptides remains to be developed. Here, we report an enhanced native chemical ligation strategy mediated by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The conjugation between a carboxyl-terminal peptide thiosalicylaldehyde thioester and a 1,3-dithiol-containing peptide in TFA proceeds rapidly to form a thioacetal-linked intermediate, which is readily converted into the desired native amide bond product through simple postligation treatment. The effectiveness and practicality of the method was demonstrated by the successful synthesis of several challenging proteins, including the SARS-CoV-2 transmembrane Envelope (E) protein and nanobodies. Because of the ability of TFA to dissolve virtually all peptides and prevent the formation of unreactive peptide structures, the method is expected to open new opportunities for synthesizing all families of proteins, particularly those with aggregable or colloidal peptide segments.
Robust, scalable, and highly selective spirocyclic catalysts for industrial hydroformylation and isomerization-hydroformylation
Authors: Zong Yan , Zhang Runtong , Ma Baode , Peng Jianghua , Wu Chao , Zou Xiaomei , Qian Yu , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: July 2024

Hydroformylation (HF) or isomerization-hydroformylation (ISO-HF) represents the most direct and practical route for producing aldehydes on an industrial scale. To resolve the issues of low activity, low linear/branched (
l/b
) ratio, and low stability in HF and ISO-HF, we herein reported a class of spirocyclic diphosphites. Notably, the ligand termed
O
-SDPhite afforded excellent catalytic activity and regioselectivity for the HF of various olefins. Excellent
l/b
ratio and an unprecedented turnover number of up to 17,620,000 were achieved.
O
-SDPhite was also found to be effective in the regioselective ISO-HF of the industrially related cheap and abundant C4
Raffinates
to
n
-valeraldehyde produced on a multimillion-ton scale. The reaction with
O
-SDPhite, superior to that of benchmark Biphephos, was continuously operated for 41 days and afforded an average 38.6
l/b
ratio (31 days and 14.7
l/b
ratio for Biphephos).
Individual and collective manipulation of multifunctional bimodal droplets in three dimensions
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Sun Bonan , Park Myungjin , Yang Shihao , Wu Yingdan , Zhang Mingchao , Kang Wenbin , Yoon Jungwon , Zhang Li , Sitti Metin
Published: July 2024

Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is vital across numerous applications, particularly in miniature droplet robots known for their exceptional deformability. Despite notable advancements, current droplet control methods are predominantly limited to two-dimensional (2D) deformation and motion of an individual droplet, with minimal exploration of 3D manipulation and collective droplet behaviors. Here, we introduce a bimodal actuation strategy, merging magnetic and optical fields, for remote and programmable 3D guidance of individual ferrofluidic droplets and droplet collectives. The magnetic field induces a magnetic dipole force, prompting the formation of droplet collectives. Simultaneously, the optical field triggers isothermal changes in interfacial tension through Marangoni flows, enhancing buoyancy and facilitating 3D movements of individual and collective droplets. Moreover, these droplets can function autonomously as soft robots, capable of transporting objects. Alternatively, when combined with a hydrogel shell, they assemble into jellyfish-like robots, driven by sunlight. These findings present an efficient strategy for droplet manipulation, broadening the capabilities of droplet-based robotics.
Knockdown of swine leukocyte antigen expression in porcine lung transplants enables graft survival without immunosuppression
Authors: Figueiredo Constanca , Chen-Wacker Chen , Salman Jawad , Carvalho-Oliveira Marco , Monthé Thierry Siemeni , Höffler Klaus , Rother Tamina , Hacker Karolin , Valdivia Emilio , Pogozhykh Olena , Hammer Sabine , Sommer Wiebke , Yuzefovych Yuliia , Wenzel Nadine , Haverich Axel , Warnecke Gregor , Blasczyk Rainer
Published: July 2024

Immune rejection remains the major obstacle to long-term survival of allogeneic lung transplants. The expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and minor histocompatibility antigens triggers allogeneic immune responses that can lead to allograft rejection. Transplant outcomes therefore depend on long-term immunosuppression, which is associated with severe side effects. To address this problem, we investigated the effect of genetically engineered transplants with permanently down-regulated swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) expression to prevent rejection in a porcine allogeneic lung transplantation (LTx) model. Minipig donor lungs with unmodified SLA expression (control group,
n
= 7) or with modified SLA expression (treatment group,
n
= 7) were used to evaluate the effects of SLA knockdown on allograft survival and on the nature and strength of immune responses after terminating an initial 4-week period of immunosuppression after LTx. Genetic engineering to down-regulate SLA expression was achieved during ex vivo lung perfusion by lentiviral transduction of short hairpin RNAs targeting mRNAs encoding β2-microglobulin and class II transactivator. Whereas all grafts in the control group were rejected within 3 months, five of seven animals in the treatment group maintained graft survival without immunosuppression during the 2-year monitoring period. Compared with controls, SLA-silenced lung recipients had lower donor-specific antibodies and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in the serum. Together, these data demonstrate a survival benefit of SLA–down-regulated lung transplants in the absence of immunosuppression.