bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the male breadwinner: Life‐cycle living standards of intact and disrupted English working families, 1260–1850
Authors: Horrell Sara , Humphries Jane , Weisdorf Jacob
Published: August 2021

This article provides a novel framework within which to evaluate real household incomes of predominantly rural working families of various sizes and structures in England in the years 1260–1850. We reject ahistorical assumptions about complete reliance on men's wages and male breadwinning, moving closer to reality by including women and children's contributions to family incomes. Our empirical strategy benefits from recent estimates of men's annual earnings, so avoiding the need to gross up day rates using problematic assumptions about days worked, and from new data on women and children's wages and labour inputs. A family life‐cycle approach which accommodates consumption smoothing through saving adds further breadth and realism. Moreover, the analysis embraces two historically common but often overlooked family types alternative to the traditional male‐breadwinner model: one where the husband is missing having died or deserted, and one where the husband is present but unwilling or unable to find work. Our framework suggests living standards varied widely by family structure and dependency ratio. Incorporating detailed demographic data available for 1560 onward suggests that small and intact families enjoyed high and rising living standards after 1700, while large or disrupted families depended on child labour and poor relief untilc. 1830. A broader perspective on family structures informs understanding of the chronology and nature of poverty and coping strategies.
Estimating σ2 for the Classical Linear Regression Model (CLRM) with the Presence of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP)
Authors: Ye Xiang
Published: August 2021

In a classical linear regression model (CLRM), the magnitude of disturbances is characterized by σ2. When individual observations are aggregated into regions, the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) appears. The presence of the MAUP brings significant challenges to estimating σ2, as the traditional ordinary least square estimator at the individual level, s2, becomes downward biased at the aggregate level. Based on the information available before and after the aggregation process, three estimators of σ2 at the aggregate level are proposed in this study: the trace estimator, the harmonic estimator, and the arithmetic estimator. Endorsed by Monte–Carlo simulations, these estimators provide significantly better estimates than directly borrowing s2 at the aggregate level, but each achieves a different trade‐off between the availability of required information and the accuracy of estimates. The findings provide a solid foundation for inferential statistics, such as constructing confidence intervals and performing hypothesis testing for CLRMs at the aggregate level.
LT‐Brazil: A database of leaf traits across biomes and vegetation types in Brazil
Authors: Mariano Eduardo , Gomes Taciana F. , Lins Silvia R. M. , Abdalla‐Filho Adibe L. , Soltangheisi Amin , Araújo Maria G. S. , Almeida Rodrigo F. , Augusto Fernanda G. , Canisares Luiza P. , Chaves Siglea S. F. , Costa Cristiane F. G. , Diniz‐Reis Thaís R. , Galera Leonardo A. , Martinez Melissa G. , Morais Maristela C. , Perez Elen B. , Reis Lucas C. , da P. Simon Carla , Mardegan Silvia F. , Domingues Tomas F. , Miatto Raquel C. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Reis Carla R. G. , Nardoto Gabriela B. , Kattge Jens , Martinelli Luiz A.
Published: August 2021

Motivation

Leaf traits represent an important component of plant functional strategies, and those related to carbon fixation and nutrient acquisition form the leaf economics spectrum. However, observations of functional leaf traits are underrepresented in tropical regions in comparison with those in temperate areas. Brazil, a country with continental scale and vast biodiversity is a timely example, where many biomes are impacted by human activities and climate change. However, leaf traits relevant to understand vegetation responses to these impacts remain poorly quantified for many species found in the country. We compiled an extensive data set of four functional leaf traits for native woody species occurring in the Brazilian territory. In addition to trait observations, sampling dates and geo‐references were compiled and climatic parameters and soil properties of each sampling site were extracted from several databases.

Main types of variables contained

The LT‐Brazil data set contains 3,479, 1,216, 775 and 775 clean observations of leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen (N) concentration per unit mass, leaf phosphorus (P) concentration per unit mass, and leaf N : P ratio, respectively, from native woody species, encompassing information of biome, vegetation, taxonomic data, geographical coordinates, climatic parameters, as well as soil properties.

Spatial location and grain

We compiled trait observations from 223 sites under native vegetation distributed in all main biomes (i.e., Amazônia, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica, Pampa and Pantanal) across the Brazilian territory.

Time period and grain

The data represent information published and/or sampled during the last 25 years.

Major taxa and level of measurement

Our compilation was focused on trait data observed for native woody species, excluding monocots, palm trees, herbs, and hemiparasitic plants. Thus, 108, 478 and 1,321 botanical families, genera and species were included, covering c. 9% of the woody angiosperm flora of Brazil.

Software format

Data are provided as comma‐separated value (.csv) files.
From “Purpurwort” to Forgiveness: A Tawadian Translation of Celan's “Psalm”
Authors: Cao Jan
Published: August 2021

Yoko Tawada's theory of translation positions the translator at a significant distance, both spatially and temporally, from the original text and its context. This essay offers a “Tawadian” translation of Paul Celan's poem “Psalm,” particularly the neologisms in the final stanza, into Chinese characters. In particular, the translation of “Purpurwort” as “yurusu,” a character that consists of the signs for “purple” and “word” but has the meaning of “forgiveness, amnesty, pardon,” brings forth the idea of “forgiveness” that may appear irrelevant to the original text. Drawing from Derrida's interpretation of The Merchant of Venice in “What is a ‘Relevant’ Translation?” this paper relates “impossible translation” to “impossible forgiveness,” arguing that an “irrelevant” translation could shed a new light on the concept of forgiveness, and in doing so offers a dialogical response to Celan's original text.
Berlin als literarischer Chronotopos in Nellja Veremejs Berlin liegt im Osten (2013) und Sonallah Ibrahims Berlin 69 (2014)
Authors: Asaad Hend
Published: August 2021

Dieser Essay untersucht den fremden Blick in der literarischen Darstellung Berlins vor dem Hintergrund von Teilung und Wiedervereinigung der Stadt in der Periode zwischen 1960 und 2010. Hierbei stehen zwei zeitgenössische Romane aus der deutschsprachigen und aus der arabischsprachigen Literatur im Fokus, nämlich Berlin liegt im Osten (2013) der russisch‐deutschen Schriftstellerin Nellja Veremej und Berlin 69 (2014) des ägyptischen Schriftstellers Sonallah Ibrahim. Beide Schriftsteller haben gemein, dass sie die deutsch‐deutsche Geschichte mit dem Ost‐West‐ bzw. Orient‐Okzident‐Diskurs verbinden. Methodisch stützt sich die Arbeit auf das Chronotopos‐Konzept von Michail Bachtin. Um die Frage nach der literarischen Darstellung von Berlin in beiden Texten zu beantworten, wird zunächst das Raum‐Zeit‐Verhältnis in Betracht gezogen. Anschließend wird die chronotopische Analyse beider Romane durch die Darstellung der Begegnungen zwischen Raum und Zeit erklärt.
Effects of bread making methods, lupin variety and gluten powder on the quality of bread enriched with high percentage of lupin flour
Authors: Pleming Denise , Farahnaky Asgar , Majzoobi Mahsa
Published: August 2021

Lupin is an economical source of protein, fibre and bioactive compounds, and to obtain these health and nutritional benefits lupin flour has been used in bread production. However, addition of more than 10% lupin flour markedly reduces bread quality mainly due to gluten dilution. The main aim of this research was to retain lupin bread quality enriched with higher percentages of lupin flour (20%) by addition of vital gluten powder (0%, 2%, 3.5% and 5%), investigating the effects of lupin variety (Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius) and two baking systems (rapid and sponge & dough). Impact on bread staling qualities was also determined through texture analysis of samples over a 72‐h storage period. Compared to lupin bread with nil gluten addition, significant improvements in loaf volume and crumb texture were observed with addition of gluten powder especially at 5% which increased loaf volume by an average of 20% across lupin sources and baking methods, and crumb softness by 30–50%. Differences were observed between the lupin flour sources. L. angustifolius had a reduced weakening effect when blended with the base flour compared with L. albus. The Sponge & Dough process was found to be more suitable to the inclusion of lupin flour than the rapid process.
Ezrin regulates synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis through YAP and Akt signalling
Authors: Chen Qiyue , Fan Kai , Chen Xi , Xie Xiaobo , Huang Li , Song Guangbao , Qi Weizhong
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of Ezrin in synovial vessels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial tissues were obtained from people with osteoarthritis people and patients with RA patients. We also used an antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) mice model by using Freund's adjuvant injections. Ezrin expression was analysed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining in synovial vessels of patients with RA and AIA mice. We investigated the role of Ezrin on vascular endothelial cells and its regulatory mechanism in vivo and in vitro by adenoviral transfection technology. Our results suggest a role for the Ezrin protein in proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells in RA. We also demonstrate that Ezrin plays an important role in vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation through regulation of the Hippo‐yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) pathway. YAP, as a key protein, can further regulate the activity of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. In AIA mice experiments, we observed that the inhibition of Ezrin or of its downstream YAP pathway can affect synovial angiogenesis and may lead to progression of RA. In conclusion, Ezrin plays an important role in angiogenesis in the RA synovium by regulating YAP nuclear translocation and interacting with the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
Clinicopathological features of cutaneous reactions after mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Tihy M. , Menzinger S. , André R. , Laffitte E. , Toutous‐Trellu L. , Kaya G.
Published: August 2021

Background

Cutaneous reactions, mostly on injection site after mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccines, have been reported but not with detailed histopathological characterization.

Objectives

Characterization and classification of these reactions in a clinical and pathological point of view.

Methods

Monocentric case series of 11 patients with cutaneous manifestations, clinically and histologically characterized after COVID‐19 vaccination.

Results

From January to June 2021, we recorded 11 cutaneous reactions to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines from BNT162b2 (n = 8) and mRNA‐1273 (n = 3). Generalized reactions showing erythematous rash or purpura were the most common clinical presentation, and drug‐reaction‐like pattern was the most common histological finding.

Conclusions

A proper clinicopathological classification will be helpful in the early diagnosis and management of the cutaneous reactions to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines.
An Unsupervised‐Learning‐Based Approach to Compromised Items Detection
Authors: Pan Yiqin , Wollack James A.
Published: August 2021

As technologies have been improved, item preknowledge has become a common concern in the test security area. The present study proposes an unsupervised‐learning‐based approach to detect compromised items. The unsupervised‐learning‐based compromised item detection approach contains three steps: (1) classify responses of each examinee as either normal or aberrant based on both the item response and the response time; (2) use a recursive algorithm to cluster examinees into groups based on their response similarity; (3) identify the group with strongest preknowledge signal and report questionable items as compromised. Results show that under the conditions studied, provided the amount of preknowledge is not overwhelming and aberrance effect is at least moderate, the approach controls the false‐negative rate at a relatively low level and the false‐positive rate at an extremely low level.
Dimensions of hospital workplace violence: Patient violence towards the healthcare team
Authors: Chesire David J. , McIntosh Ana , Hendrickson Susan , Jones Patrice , McIntosh Mark
Published: August 2021

Aims and Objectives

To investigate the cognitive dimensions nurses use when perceiving patient‐to‐healthcare provider workplace violence.

Background

The concept of workplace violence, especially with respect to healthcare settings, has been well documented. Healthcare workers are at particular risk for experiencing violence from their patients, though these incidents often go unreported. Experiencing violence in the workplace has been associated with numerous negative outcomes, including absenteeism, burnout and diminished quality of care. However, little emphasis has been placed on understanding the concept of violence itself, or why one type of violence might go unreported whilst another is readily communicated to officials.

Design

A card‐sorting, multidimensional scaling design.

Methods

Thirty two nurses completed the card‐sorting task. Using multidimensional scaling (MDS), 75 reported incidents of violence were considered. SPIRIT research reporting checklist followed.

Results

Nurses categorise patient violence in three dimensions: physical versus verbal, active versus threatening and more versus less severe. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.

Conclusions

Violence in the hospital workplace is a complex perception by the healthcare worker that cannot be captured by a single dimension.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides a theoretical framework for understanding the complexity of patient‐to‐provider violence in a hospital setting. It sheds light on why only a minority of such events are reported. This model can serve as a foundation for future research exploring interventions for hospital violence.
Association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption in the preconception and pregnancy periods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Pengli , Jiang Yunxia , Zhou Lixue , Li Kuinan , Xu Yanhong , Meng Fei , Zhou Yunping
Published: August 2021

Aims

To investigate the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption in preconception and pregnancy periods.

Background

Suboptimal lifestyle such as smoking and alcohol consumption can lead to devastating outcomes on the maternal and foetus. Pregnancy intention exerts a significant effect on promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours. However, no reliable evidences confirmed pregnancy intention was associated with smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search from databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Scopus from the inception of these databases up to November, 2020. All eligible studies exploring the association between pregnancy intention and smoking or alcohol consumption were included. The fixed‐ or random effect pooled measure was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. In addition, the PRISMA checklist was used in this meta‐analysis.

Results

A total of 23 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. During pregnancy, the findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were 68% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.44–1.95) and 44% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15–1.81) than those women with planned pregnancy. Meanwhile, during preconception, women with unplanned pregnancy were 30% more likely to consume cigarettes (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10–1.53) and 20% more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01–1.42) than those women with planned pregnancy.

Conclusion

The findings suggested that women with unplanned pregnancy were more likely to follow unhealthy behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Health professionals should consider the women's desire for pregnancy to decrease preconception and pregnancy smoking or alcohol consumption in future studies.

Relevance of clinical practice

Pregnancy intention is the key determinant of smoking and alcohol consumption during preconception and pregnancy periods. Offering effective contraception in primary healthcare setting could prevent unplanned pregnancy. Meanwhile, popularising minimal alcohol consumption and comprehensive smoke‐free legislation would be beneficial to improve reproductive outcomes.
Optimization of annual planned rail maintenance
Authors: Oudshoorn Menno , Koppenberg Timo , Yorke‐Smith Neil
Published: August 2021

Research on preventative rail maintenance to date majors on small or artificial problem instances, not applicable to real‐world use cases. This article tackles large, real‐world rail maintenance scheduling problems. Maintenance costs and availability of the infrastructure need to be optimized, while adhering to a set of complex constraints. We develop and compare three generic approaches: an evolution strategy, a greedy metaheuristic, and a hybrid of the two. As a case study, we schedule major preventive maintenance of a full year in the complete rail infrastructure of the Netherlands, one of the busiest rail networks of Europe. Empirical results on two real‐world datasets show the hybrid approach delivers high‐quality schedules.
Responding to the Timing Argument
Authors: Ekendahl Karl
Published: August 2021

According to the Timing Argument, death is not bad for the individual who dies, because there is no time at which it could be bad for her. Defenders of the badness of death have objected to this influential argument, typically by arguing that therearetimes at which death is bad for its victim. In this paper, I argue that a number of these writers have been concerned with quite different formulations of the Timing Argument. Further, and more importantly, I show that their objections to the Timing Argument fail as attempts to refute the argument in its most challenging form.
A cognitive behavioural intervention for low self‐esteem in young people who have experienced stigma, prejudice, or discrimination: An uncontrolled acceptability and feasibility study
Authors: Langford Katie , McMullen Katrina , Bridge Livia , Rai Lovedeep , Smith Patrick , Rimes Katharine A.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Stigma has been found to be associated with lower self‐esteem, which increases the risk of difficulties across life domains including vulnerability to mental health problems. There are no previous studies of interventions for people experiencing low self‐esteem in the context of different stigmatized characteristics. This study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an intervention targeting low self‐esteem in stigmatized people aged 16–24 years.

Design

An uncontrolled study with repeated measures.

Method

People with a range of stigmatized characteristics, who had low self‐esteem and associated impaired daily functioning, were recruited from the general population. The individual six‐session cognitive behavioural intervention had modules chosen according to participants’ formulations. The CBT included compassion‐focussed therapy methods and was informed by stigma research. Feasibility was assessed in relation to recruitment, retention, and protocol adherence. Acceptability was assessed through participant feedback. Questionnaires assessing self‐esteem, functioning impairments, depression, anxiety, self‐criticism, self‐compassion, and responses to prejudice and discrimination were administered at baseline, pre‐, mid‐, post‐intervention, and two‐month follow‐up.

Results

Forty‐four people completed screening; 73% were eligible. Of these, 78% consented and 69% (N = 22) started the intervention. Eighteen (82%) participants completed, and four dropped out. Follow‐up measures were completed by all treatment completers. Treatment completers reported the intervention was useful, improved their self‐esteem and coping, and would recommend it. Ratings of usefulness and frequency of use of intervention components were high at post‐treatment and follow‐up.

Conclusions

The intervention was feasible and highly acceptable to treatment completers. This suggests the intervention warrants investigation in a randomized‐controlled trial.

Practitioner points

Young people with low self‐esteem whom have been negatively affected by stigma may wish to access support and be willing to engage in psychological interventions.

Cognitive behavioural therapy may be helpful for young people with low self‐esteem who have experienced stigma, prejudice, or discrimination.

Cognitive behavioural techniques such as self‐compassionate thought records and behavioural experiments were considered acceptable and helpful by young people whose self‐esteem has been affected by stigma.

Addressing responses to stigma in therapy, such as rumination, avoidance, and perfectionism, appears to be feasible and acceptable.
Patient experiences of therapy for borderline personality disorder: Commonalities and differences between dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization‐based therapy and relation to outcomes
Authors: Barnicot Kirsten , Redknap Caio , Coath Florence , Hommel Jeantique , Couldrey Laura , Crawford Mike
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and mentalization‐based therapy (MBT) are widely used evidence‐based psychological treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD). The study aimed to establish evidence on common and unique, and helpful and unhelpful, treatment processes.

Design

Mixed‐methods.

Methods

In‐depth qualitative interview data on patient experiences during treatment were combined with quantitative outcome measures in 73 patients diagnosed with a personality disorder and receiving DBT or MBT.

Results

Across both DBT and MBT, accounts of learning not to react impulsively, learning to question one’s thoughts and assumptions, learning to communicate more effectively, and exposure to painful emotions that may previously have been avoided were each associated with less baseline‐adjusted self‐harm at the end of treatment. Difficulties in interacting with other group members were more likely to be described by patients receiving MBT than DBT, whilst difficulties in the therapeutic relationship were equally common. Both of these types of difficult experience were associated with higher baseline‐adjusted levels of BPD traits and emotional dysregulation, at the end of the 12‐month study period.

Conclusions

The findings identify novel evidence of common therapeutic processes across DBT and MBT that may help to reduce self‐harm. The findings also highlight the potential iatrogenic effect of difficulties in the alliance with therapists or with other group members. This underscores the importance of listening to patients’ voices about what they are finding difficult during therapy and working to address these relational challenges, so that the patient is able to progress and make best use of the treatment.

Practitioner points

Regardless of whether dialectical behaviour therapy or mentalization based therapy is used, helping service‐users to learn not to react impulsively, to question their thoughts and assumptions, and to communicate more effectively, may be beneficial for reducing self‐harm.

Across both types of therapy, exposure to painful emotions is a difficult experience for service‐users, but may also be beneficial for reducing self‐harm, if carefully managed.

Whilst service‐users’ experiences across both types of therapy have much in common, accounts of mentalization based therapy stand out in more often describing both helpful and unhelpful experiences of interactions with therapy group members.

Service‐users across both types of therapy report the benefits of learning intrapersonal mentalization skills, whilst recipients of mentalization based therapy uniquely extend this to learning interpersonal mentalization.

Ruptures in the therapeutic alliance, and distressing interactions with group members, may be iatrogenic and must be carefully managed.
Polarization, partisanship, and pandemic: The relationship between county‐level support for Donald Trump and the spread of Covid‐19 during the spring and summer of 2020
Authors: Morris David S.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Republicans and Democrats have displayed widely divergent beliefs and behaviors related to COVID‐19, creating the possibility that geographic areas with more Donald Trump supporters may be more likely to suffer from the disease.

Methods

I use 2016 election data, COVID‐19 case and mortality data, and multilevel linear growth models with state fixed effects to estimate the relationship between county‐level support for Donald Trump and the trajectory of cumulative COVID‐19 cases and deaths per 100,000 county residents between March 17, 2020 and August 31, 2020.

Results

Counties more supportive of Trump had fewer COVID‐19 cases and deaths in the early months of the pandemic. However, as the summer moved into July and August, counties less supportive of Trump stopped growth rates of COVID‐19 cases and deaths, while counties more supportive of Trump saw a trajectory of increased cases and deaths in July and August. This is likely due to the widely divergent beliefs and behaviors displayed by Republicans and Democrats toward COVID‐19.

Conclusion

This study underscores the power of polarization and partisanship in the public sphere, even when it comes to a public health issue.
Dynamic network biomarker analysis discovers IbNAC083 in the initiation and regulation of sweet potato root tuberization
Authors: He Shutao , Wang Hongxia , Hao Xiaomeng , Wu Yinliang , Bian Xiaofeng , Yin Minhao , Zhang Yandi , Fan Weijuan , Dai Hao , Yuan Ling , Zhang Peng , Chen Luonan
Published: August 2021

The initiation and development of storage roots (SRs) are intricately regulated by a transcriptional regulatory network. One key challenge is to accurately pinpoint the tipping point during the transition from pre‐swelling to SRs and to identify the core regulators governing such a critical transition. To solve this problem, we performed a dynamic network biomarker (DNB) analysis of transcriptomic dynamics during root development in Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). First, our analysis identified stage‐specific expression patterns for a significant proportion (>9%) of the sweet potato genes and unraveled the chronology of events that happen at the early and later stages of root development. Then, the results showed that different root developmental stages can be depicted by co‐expressed modules of sweet potato genes. Moreover, we identified the key components and transcriptional regulatory network that determine root development. Furthermore, through DNB analysis an early stage, with a root diameter of 3.5 mm, was identified as the critical period of SR swelling initiation, which is consistent with morphological and metabolic changes. In particular, we identified a NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) domain transcription factor, IbNAC083, as a core regulator of this initiation in the DNB‐associated network. Further analyses and experiments showed that IbNAC083, along with its associated differentially expressed genes, induced dysfunction of metabolism processes, including the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonol and starch, thus leading to the transition to swelling roots.
The impact of summit visits on bilateral trade: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Fan Jianting , Lu Bo
Published: August 2021

The relationship between international trade and politics is very close, but we know little about the effects of summit visits on trade. This article divides summits into visits by top‐level and secondary leaders, based on manually collect and collate data; inspects the outward and inward visits between China and other countries and examines the relationship between summit visits and bilateral trade using panel data covering 163 countries from 2001 to 2014. The study finds that (1) both inward and outward visits promote exports, although the effect on imports is unclear; (2) the higher the level of the summit leaders, the greater the promotion effect (the visit effect of China's top‐level leaders is especially prominent); (3) reciprocal summit visits between China and developing countries have a greater trade promotion effect; (4) the promotion effect of China's leaders on exports has time‐leading and ‐lagging effects, and the effect of summit visits is different for different categories of export products.
Reviewer Acknowledgements (Vol. 7, No. 3)
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: August 2021

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3  Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaAndrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIza Gigauri, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University, GeorgiaJason Caudill, King University, USAJulia Stefanova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaKonstantinos N. Malagas, University of the Aegean, GreeceLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaPaduloh Paduloh, Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya University, IndonesiaSandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
The Salience of Traditional Moral Values: Bolsonaro’s Electoral Competition Strategy on Twitter
Authors: Iasulaitis Sylvia , Vicari Isabella
Published: August 2021

This article analyzes the electoral competition strategy adopted by the Brazilian presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro on Twitter, supported by the saliency theory – where candidates compete by emphasizing different topics and selecting issues from a universal agenda to focus the campaign’s attention and efforts. The salience Bolsonaro’s winning campaign attributed to values during the 2018 presidential election. Values are attitudinal guidelines related to different social, religious, economic, and political concepts, covering various topics on views about what is desirable or undesirable in a society. The study used content analysis to explore and categorize a corpus of 809 tweets posted in the account @jairbolsonaro. The data was mined by applying computational intelligence methods and using the public API and the Python Twint library. Four dimensions of cultural variance found in the World Values Survey were used to establish the categories: traditional values, rational-secular values, survival values, and self-expression values. The results show that the content of Bolsonaro’s electoral competition strategy was based on traditional moral values and the campaign’s format was developed primarily via social media.
Patient navigation programs for people with dementia, their caregivers, and members of their care team: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison , Anthonisen Grailing , Kelly Katherine J. , Goudreau Alex , MacNeill A. Luke , MacNeill Lillian
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The objective of this review is to map the literature on the characteristics, barriers, and faciliators of patient navigation programs for people with dementia, their caregivers, and/or members of their care team across all settings.

Introduction:

Patient navigation refers to a model of care that helps guide people through the health care system, matching their unmet needs to appropriate resources, services, and programs. Patient navigation may be beneficial to people with dementia because this is a population that frequently faces fragmented and uncoordinated care and has individualized care needs.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will focus on patient navigation programs for people living with dementia, their caregivers, and/or members of their care team, while excluding programs that do not explicitly focus on dementia. It will include patient navigation across all settings, delivered in all formats, and administered by all types of navigators, as long as the program is aligned with this article's definition of patient navigation, while excluding case management.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health databases will be searched for published articles. Two independent reviewers will screen articles for relevance against the inclusion criteria. The results will be presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews flow diagram, and the extracted data will be presented in both tabular and narrative format.
Surface study of Pt-3d transition metal alloys, Pt3M (M = Ti, V), under CO oxidation reaction with ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Jung Moonjung , Kim Dongwoo , Lim Hojoon , Seo Minsik , Kim Geonhwa , Pérez Ramírez Lucía , Bournel Fabrice , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Kim Ki-Jeong , Mun Bongjin Simon
Published: August 2021

Utilizing ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface segregation and the oxidation dynamics of platinum (Pt)-3d transition metal (M) alloys, Pt3M (M = Ti, V), are investigated. Under oxygen-rich conditions, i.e., P(CO)/P(O2) = 0.1, Pt3V surface forms Pt skin layer while Pt3Ti shows the presence of both Ti and Pt atoms. As temperature increases to 450 K, V atoms make surface segregation to form oxide while Ti atoms start to form various Ti oxides (Ti2O3 and TiOx) on the surface. When CO oxidation occurs at 600 K, the oxidation continues on both surfaces of Pt3M (M = Ti, V), showing the enhancement of TiOx for Pt3Ti and V2O5 and VOx for Pt3V. Also, during CO oxidation, a sign of pure metallic Pt state is found at Pt 4f spectra in both surfaces, suggesting the redistribution of electrons from the transition metals during the oxide formation.
Tunable and scalable fabrication of plasmonic dimer arrays with sub-10 nm nanogaps by area-selective atomic layer deposition
Authors: Zhang Chengwu , Gao Tuo , Sheets Donal , Hancock Jason N. , Tresback Jason , Willis Brian
Published: August 2021

Nanogaps in metallic nanostructures produce local field enhancements with potential applications in surface enhanced spectroscopy, solar energy conversion, and photocatalysis. Atomic layer deposition is applied as a conformal coating to modify nanogap sizes and tune the optical properties of plasmonic dimer arrays with sub-10 nm nanogaps. Nanostructures are fabricated using layers of gold and palladium to combine features of plasmonics and area-selective atomic layer deposition, where copper metal is deposited on palladium-covered surfaces. Direct measurements of optical extinction for successive smaller nanogaps and thicker copper coatings show that spectral features become broadened at first due to heating-induced shape changes but subsequently sharpen as copper coatings form on palladium structures. Furthermore, longitudinal resonances of plasmonic dimers blue shift for thin coatings due to heating and decreasing aspect ratio, but thicker coatings lead to red shifts due to narrowing nanogaps. Together, these results show that area-selective atomic layer deposition is a promising tool for achieving large area arrays of plasmonic dimers with sub-10 nm nanogaps.
Bounding the number of calling animals with passive acoustics and reliable locations
Authors: Spiesberger John L. , Berchok Catherine , Iyer Pranav , Schoeny Alexander , Sivakumar Krishna , Woodrich Daniel , Yang Eloise , Zhu Sophia
Published: August 2021

When n animal calls are passively detected at n different times, the number of animals producing the sounds is anywhere between one and n unless more information is available. When extremely reliable confidence intervals of location are also available for each call, the upper bound is still n, but a lower bound can be derived. The lower bound exceeds one when it is physically impossible for an animal to travel quickly enough to go from one reliable location to another within the temporal call interval. When many calls are detected, it may be too complicated or numerically prohibitive to determine the minimum number of animals responsible for the calls in space and time by inspection or brute force methods. Instead, it is advantageous to use graph theory. The lower bound for the number of calling animals can be derived using 100% confidence intervals of each call's location. Mathematical theorems guarantee the lower bound is correct: a lesser value is impossible to obtain. Guaranteed bounds for the abundance of calling animals are useful for conservation in the presence of environmental stress and studying behavior.
Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Efficacy of VIO-001 (Meropenem/Piperacillin/Tazobactam) for Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Immunocompetent Rabbits with Chronic Indwelling Vascular Catheters
Authors: Petraitis Vidmantas , Petraitiene Ruta , Kavaliauskas Povilas , Naing Ethan , Garcia Andrew , Sutherland Christina , Kau Aki Yoneda , Goldner Nicholas , Bulow Christopher , Nicolau David P. , Walsh Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections of surgically implanted subcutaneous vascular catheters (SISVCs) cause serious morbidity in patients with chronic illnesses. Previous
in vitro
and murine models demonstrated the synergistic interaction of equimolar concentrations of meropenem/piperacillin/tazobactam (MPT) (VIO-001) against MRSA infection.
Ribosome Protection as a Mechanism of Lincosamide Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Hurst-Hess Kelley R. , Rudra Paulami , Ghosh Pallavi
Published: August 2021

Mycobacterium abscessus
has emerged as a successful pathogen owing to its intrinsic drug resistance. Macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics share overlapping binding sites within the ribosome and common resistance pathways.
Identification of Two Variants of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain ATCC 17978 with Distinct Genotypes and Phenotypes
Authors: Wijers Christiaan D. M. , Pham Ly , Menon Swapna , Boyd Kelli L. , Noel Hannah R. , Skaar Eric P. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Palmer Lauren D. , Noto Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a nosocomial pathogen that exhibits substantial genomic plasticity. Here, the identification of two variants of
A. baumannii
ATCC 17978 that differ based on the presence of a 44-kb accessory locus, named AbaAL44 (
A. baumannii
accessory locus 44 kb), is described.
Spontaneous Mutants of Streptococcus sanguinis with Defects in the Glucose-Phosphotransferase System Show Enhanced Post-Exponential-Phase Fitness
Authors: Zeng Lin , Walker Alejandro R. , Lee Kyulim , Taylor Zachary A. , Burne Robert A.
Published: August 2021

A health-associated dental microbiome provides a potent defense against pathogens and diseases.
Streptococcus sanguinis
is an abundant member of a health-associated oral flora that antagonizes pathogens by producing hydrogen peroxide. There is a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms that allow bacteria to survive carbohydrate-rich and acidic environments associated with the development of dental caries.
Contribution of orbital forcing and Deccan volcanism to global climatic and biotic changes across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary at Zumaia, Spain
Authors: Gilabert Vicente , Batenburg Sietske J. , Arenillas Ignacio , Arz José A.
Published: August 2021

Untangling the timing of the environmental effects of Deccan volcanism with respect to the Chicxulub impact is instrumental to fully assessing the contributions of both to climate change over the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (KPB) interval. Despite recent improvements in radiometric age calibrations, the accuracy of age constraints and correlations is insufficient to resolve the exact mechanisms leading to environmental and climate change in the 1 m.y. across the KPB. We present new high-resolution planktic foraminiferal, geochemical, and geophysical data from the Zumaia section (Spain), calibrated to an updated orbitally tuned age model. We provide a revised chronology for the major carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) and planktic foraminiferal events and test temporal relationships with different models of the eruptive phases of the Deccan Traps. Our data show that the major CIEs near the KPB, i.e., the late Maastrichtian warming event (66.25–66.10 Ma) and the Dan-C2 event (65.8–65.7 Ma), are synchronous with the last and the first 405 k.y. eccentricity maximum of the Maastrichtian and the Danian, respectively, and that the minor Lower C29n event (65.48–65.41 Ma) is well constrained to a short eccentricity maximum. Conversely, we obtained evidence of abrupt environmental change likely related to Deccan volcanism at ca. 65.9 Ma, based on a bloom of opportunistic triserial guembelitriids (Chiloguembelitria). The orbital, isotopic, and paleobiological temporal relationships with Deccan volcanism established here provide new insights into the role of Deccan volcanism in climate and environmental change in the 1 m.y. across the KPB.
Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii
Authors: Bishop Kim M.
Published: August 2021

Active Haleakala volcano on the island of Maui is the second largest volcano in the Hawaiian Island chain. Prominently incised in Haleakala's slopes are four large (great) valleys. Haleakala Crater, a prominent summit depression, formed by coalescence of two of the great valleys. The great valleys and summit crater have long been attributed solely to fluvial erosion, but two significant enigmas exist in the theory. First, the great valleys of upper Keanae/Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater, and Kaupo Gap are located in areas of relatively low annual rainfall. Second, the axes of some valley segments are oblique for long distances across the volcanic slopes. This study tested the prevailing erosional theory by reconstructing the volcano's topography just prior to valley incision. The reconstruction produces a belt along the volcano's east rift zone with a morphology that is inconsistent with volcanic aggradation alone, but it is readily explained if it is assumed the surface was displaced along scarps formed by a giant landslide on Haleakala's northeastern flank. Although the landslide head location is well defined, topographic evidence is lacking for the toe and lateral margins. Consequently, the slope failure is interpreted as a sackung-style landslide with a zone of deep-seated distributed shear and broad surface warping downslope of the failure head. Maximum downslope displacement was likely in the range of 400–800 m. Capture of runoff at the headscarps formed atypically large streams that carved Haleakala's great valleys and explains their existence in low-rainfall areas and their slope-oblique orientations. Sackung-style landslides may be more prevalent on Hawaiian volcanoes than previously recognized.
Detrital zircon provenance and depositional links of Mesozoic Sierra Nevada intra-arc strata
Authors: Attia Snir , Paterson Scott R. , Saleeby Jason , Cao Wenrong
Published: August 2021

A compilation of new and published detrital zircon U-Pb age data from Permo-Triassic to Cretaceous intra-arc strata of the Sierra Nevada (eastern California, USA) reveals consistent sedimentary provenance and depositional trends across the entire Sierra Nevada arc. Detrital zircon age distributions of Sierra Nevada intra-arc strata are dominated by Mesozoic age peaks corresponding to coeval or just preceding arc activity. Many samples display a spread of pre-300 Ma ages that is indistinguishable from the detrital age distributions of pre-Mesozoic prebatholithic framework strata and southwestern Laurentian continental margin deposits. Synthesis of detrital zircon age data with tectonostratigraphic constraints indicates that a marine to subaerial arc was established in Triassic time, giving way to widespread shallow- to deep-marine deposition in latest Triassic to Early Jurassic time that continued until the emergence of the arc surface in the Early Cretaceous. No data presented herein require the existence of Mesozoic exotic terranes and/or outboard arcs that were previously hypothesized to have been accreted to the Sierra Nevada. We conclude that Sierra Nevada intra-arc strata formed within a coherent depositional network that was intimately linked to the southwestern United States Cordilleran margin throughout the span of Mesozoic arc activity.
Discomfort, pain and fatigue levels of 160 cyclists after a kinematic bike-fitting method: an experimental study
Authors: Scoz Robson Dias , Amorim Cesar Ferreira , Espindola Thiago , Santiago Mateus , Mendes Jose Joao Baltazar , Oliveira Paulo Rui de , Ferreira Luciano Maia Alves , Brito Romulo Nolasco
Published: August 2021

Objective

To analyse rider’s subjective responses after a standardised bicycle ergonomic adjustment method.

Methods

Experimental study of 160 healthy, amateur mountain bikers analysed previously and 30 days after a bike-fitting session. The main outcome measures were subjective comfort level (Feeling Scale, FEEL), fatigue (OMINI Scale) and pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS).

Results

All variables demonstrated statistical significance between groups pre and post bike-fit session (p<0001). FEEL, OMNI and VAS-knee demonstrated large effect sizes (d=1.30; d=1.39 and d=0.86, respectively). VAS-hands, VAS-neck and VAS-back indicated moderate effect size (d=0.58; d=0.52 and d=0.43, respectively). VAS-groin and VAS-ankle indicated a small size effect (d=0.46 and d=0.43, respectively).

Conclusions

Overall discomfort, fatigue and pain in healthy mountain biker adults improved according to all three scales. The major improvements in pain levels were detected on the knee, hands, back and neck compared with presession values. Groin and ankle pain had smaller improvements but were still significant. Future clinical trials should address the bias effects of this experimental study.