bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Papel da interface público/privada na vida urbana: o Bairro da Torre, João Pessoa/PB, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa de Aquino Caroline , Trigueiro de Araújo Morais Marcele
Published: May 2020

Este artigo é extraído de um trabalho de conclusão de curso, intitulado “O Papel da Interface Público/Privada na Vida Urbana – O Bairro da Torre, João Pessoa”. Esse tipo de interface, de extrema importância na vida urbana por funcionar como a principal interconexão entre esses dois meios, é estudada à luz da urbanidade. Quando estruturas físico espaciais agem como promotoras de encontros, copresença e apropriação do espaço no âmbito público, a urbanidade é buscada através da adequação de dispositivos técnicos urbanos e disposições sociais por meio de intervenções urbanas. Assim, tem-se como objetivo estudar as dinâmicas de apropriação dessas interfaces, bem como propor novas perspectivas em termos de planejamento urbano. Para tal, diagnósticos de interfaces e atividades humanas no bairro em questão foram realizados a fim de serem melhor compreendidas e subsidiarem a proposta de intervenção para um de seus trechos.

This article is derived from the author’s paper, entitled “The Role of Public/Private Interface in Urban Life -Neighborhood of Torre, João Pessoa”. This type of interface, which is extremely important in the urban life for its function as the main interconnection between the two environments, which is studied in the light of urbanity. When good spatial physical structures act as developers of encounters, co-presence and appropriation of space in the public environment, the urbanity is pursued through urban interventions. Thus, the objective is to study the dynamics of appropriation of these interfaces, as well as to propose new perspectives in terms of urban planning. To this end, diagnoses of interfaces and human activities in the neighborhood in question were carried out in order to be better understood and to subsidize the intervention proposal for one of its stretches.
Estrategias para la regeneración urbano-habitacional en áreas vulnerables: estudio comparativo entre aprendizajes de políticas internacionales e iniciativas chilenas
Authors: Calderón Javier Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

El documento pretende relevar mecanismos inexistentes o insuficientes para la gestión del reciclaje urbano enChile, específicamente de polígonos compuestos por conjuntos habitacionales cuya configuración urbana/habitacional resulta altamente deficitaria o irrecuperable. Esto a través de la revisión de los programas: Empowerment Zone de Estados Unidos, New Commitment to Neighbourhood Renewal de Inglaterra y la Llei de Barris de Cataluña, para luego revisar el programa chileno de Regeneración de condominios sociales, desarrollando un análisis comparativo de los diferentes mecanismos de cada programa. Concluyendo que las estrategias en estos territorios tienen que integrar políticas físicas, económicas y sociales, junto con crear un tejido de cooperación óptima entre distintos actores; como la comunidad, las organizaciones locales, el tercer sector, el sector privado y el sector público, con el fin que ayuden a gatillar, acelerar e innovar en las actuaciones que puedan producir sinergias que transformen los territorios.

The document aims to reveal nonexistent or insufficient mechanisms for the management of urban recycling in Chile, specifically polygons composed of housing complexes whose urban / residential configuration is highly deficient or unrecoverable. This through the review of the programs: Empowerment Zone of the United States, New Commitment to Neighborhood Renewal of England and the Llei de Barris of Catalonia, to then revise the Chilean program of Social Condominium Regeneration, developing a comparative analysis of the different mechanisms of each program. Concluding that the strategies or mechanisms in these territories have to integrate physical, economic and social policies, together with creating a web of optimal cooperation between different actors; as the community, local organizations, the third sector, the private sector and the public sector, in order to help trigger, accelerate and innovate in actions that can produce synergies that transform the territory.
Habitabilidad urbana en fraccionamientos periféricos en Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, México
Authors: Herrera-Terrazas Luis , Peña Barrera Leticia , Ordóñez Hernández Guillermo
Published: May 2020

La creación de fraccionamientos en zonas periféricas en Ciudad Juárez, alejadas del centro de la ciudad, donde se edifica vivienda mínima para trabajadores, básicamente, de la industria maquiladora, tienen como característica el abandono y deterioro, generándose así problemáticas en las condiciones de habitabilidad, tanto en la vivienda como en lo urbano. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar y conocer la problemática de la localización y construcción de vivienda en lugares alejados del centro de la ciudad. Se pretende conocer la percepción de los habitantes respecto a condiciones de habitabilidad urbana de la zona, así como aspectos de conectividad con otras áreas de la ciudad.

The creation of neighborhood in peripheral areas in Ciudad Juarez, far from the center of the city, where minimum housing is built for workers, basically, of the maquiladora industry, have the characteristic of abandonment and deterioration, thus generating problems in the conditions of habitability, both in the housing as in the urban. The objective of the research is to analyze and know the problem of the location and construction of housing in places far from the center of the city. It is intended to know the perception of the inhabitants regarding urban habitability conditions in the area, as well as aspects of connectivity with other areas of the city.
Asentamientos para excombatientes en el post-conflicto colombiano: regeneración urbano - rural del ETCR “Jaime Pardo Leal”, Guaviare
Authors: Bolaño Peña Melissa Paola , Gallego Arias Valentina
Published: May 2020

Como consecuencia de los Acuerdos de Paz, en Colombia surgieron 27 asentamientos para excombatientes en zonas rurales del país, de los cuales, 24 se encuentran en proceso de fijación al territorio. De acuerdo a lo observado en el caso de estudio, estos procesos de consolidación y permanencia dependen directamente de la apropiación de los excombatientes, lo cual se evidencia en las transformaciones espaciales realizadas mediante la autoconstrucción y autogestión como expresión de la adecuación cultural de los pobladores en estos Espacios, desde la caracterización de los diferentes componentes espaciales de su asentamiento y la revisión de las modificaciones realizadas al espacio tanto urbano como habitacional. Los hallazgos resultantes de esta investigación, indican que en el caso de estudio no se puede hablar de dicotomías urbano rurales, ni de contraposiciones público-privadas, sino de una gradación que se mueve en los diferentes ámbitos mencionados anteriormente.

As a consequence of the Peace Agreement in Colombia, 27 settlements for ex-combatants emerged in rural areas of the country, of which, 24 are in the process of settling in the territory. According to what observed in the case study, this processes of consolidation and permanence depends directly on the appropriation of ex-combatants, which is evident in the spatial transformations carried out through self-construction and self-management as an expression of the cultural adequacy of the habitants in these spaces, from the characterization of the different spatial components of their settlement and the revision of the changes made to the urban and housing space. The findings results of this investigation, indicate that in the case of study can't talk about urban-rural dichotomies, or public-private opposition, but of gradation that moves in differentareas mentioned above.
Instrumentos urbanos municipais e as dimensões da sustentabilidadeo: caso da sub-bacia Juqueri-Cantareira da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Marques Andresa Ledo , Alvim Angélica Benatti
Published: May 2020

O artigo centra-se na discussão das interfaces entre legislações urbanas e ambientais no contexto das franjas da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e suas implicações na gestão sustentável dos recursos naturais de seu território. Busca-se compreender como os instrumentos urbanos dos municípios, sobretudo os Planos Diretores formulados pós Estatuto da Cidade (2001) até 2018, incorporam princípios de sustentabilidade em seu escopo visando uma boa gestão dos recursos de seus respectivos municípios. Utiliza-se como objeto de estudo um território estratégico para o equilíbrio ecossistêmico e produção de água da metrópole: a sub-bacia Juqueri-Cantareira, ao norte da RMSP. Para tanto, propõe-se a elaboração de uma matriz de avaliação qualitativa com o objetivo de tecer uma análise geral da contribuição do Plano Diretor Municipal de Mairiporã em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável de seu território e compreender o quanto as diretrizes apresentadas no Plano estão alinhadas às dimensões da sustentabilidade segundo o olhar territorialista.

This article focuses on the discussion of the interfaces between urban and environmental legislation in the context of the fringes of the São Paulo’s Metropolitan Region (SPMR) and its implications for the sustainable management of the natural resources of its territory. The aim is to understand how the urban instruments of municipalities, especially the Director Plans formulated after the City Statute (2001) until 2018, incorporate the principles of sustainability in their scope, aiming at a good management of the resources of their respective municipalities. A strategic territory for the ecosystem balance and water production of the metropolis is used as the object of study: the Juqueri-Cantareira sub-basin, located in the north of the SPMR. To achieve the objectives, it is proposed to prepare a qualitative evaluation matrix with the objective of providing a general analysis of the contribution of the municipal director plan of Mairiporã in relation to the sustainable development of its territory and to understand how the guidelines presented in the plan are aligned with the dimensions of sustainability according to the territorial perspective.
De la isla al archipiélago: el sitio eriazo: un nuevo espacio público permanente y atomizado para Santiago
Authors: López Jeldes Sebastián , Carvajal Fernández Ángela
Published: May 2020

El sitio eriazo como oportunidad de espacio público es la premisa con la que esta investigación se desarrolla. El presente texto busca establecer la relación del sistema de sitios eriazos –archipiélago- y su unidad –isla-, para formular y redefinir la importancia actual de los sitios eriazos en ciudades consolidadas: a través de su distribución espacial atomizada surge una oportunidad de diseño urbano para proyectarlos como espacios públicos permanentes que se sumen a la red existente y se garantice una mayor equidad y accesibilidad a estos. El caso de estudio se desarrolla en la Comuna de Santiago, ya que es la comuna con mayor aumento de densidad poblacional en Chile, lo cual ha hecho que haya una disminución de dotación de espacios públicos al no tener como expandir su área y crear nuevos grandes espacios públicos. Se propone en el presente texto una aproximación urbana para proyectar un plan maestro bajo una directriz general de sitios eriazos y a su vez, pueda desde la especificidad de cada sector, responder a su orden programático.

The terrain vague as an opportunity for public space is the premise with which this research is developed. The present text seeks to establish the relation of the system of terrains vague -archipelago- and its unit -island-, to formulate and redefine the current importance of empty sites in consolidated cities: through its atomized spatial distribution emerges an opportunity for urban design to project them as permanent public spaces that add to the existing network of green areas of the city and ensure greater equity and accessibility to them. The case of study is developed in the Commune of Santiago, it is the commune with the largest increase in population density in Chile, which has led to a decrease in the endowment of public spaces to not have how to expand their area and create new large spaces public. An urban approach is proposed in this text to project a master plan in a general direction of the terrain vague and, in turn, based on the specificity of each sector, response to its programmatic order.
Democratización-igualdad vs. discrecionalidad en la gestión de espacios públicos: la doble crisis del espacio público en la Metrópolis de Tucumán
Authors: Bautista Murillo Juan Carlos , Casares Marta
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo se propone indagar y poner en discusión los criterios que aplica el Estado (local) en la gestión sobre el espacio público y su relación con las desigualdades socio-territorialesLa principal hipótesis es que la discreción con la que el Estado aplica sus criterios de intervención se traduce en un trato diferenciado y discriminatorio entre los sectores sociales acentuando las desigualdades socio-espaciales existentes y vulnerando el principio jurídico de igualdad de trato presente en las Constituciones Latinoamericanas y los principales Tratados de Derechos Humanos. Al mismo tiempo se utiliza nuevos avances en materia de teoría Constitucional que re significan el compromiso de igualdad pero desde una visión estructural y de no sometimiento de los grupos más desaventajados de la sociedad. Este marco teórico y la hipótesis son contrastados empíricamente con el abordaje de dos casos representativos sobre la gestión local en los espacios públicos.

This paper proposes to inquire and put into discussion the criterion applied by the State to create, manage and modify public spaces and the relation with social inequalities. The main hypothesis is that the discretion with which the State applies its intervention criteria turns into a differentiated and discriminatory treatment between the social sectors, emphasizing existing socio-spatial inequalities and violating the legal principle of equal treatment present in the Latin American Constitutions and the main Human Rights Treaties. Simultaneously a new constitutional theory about the equal protection clause but from a structural inequality and disadvantaging group’s perspective is used. This framework and hypothesis is contrasted with the approach of two representative cases on local management in public spaces.
Experiencias de regeneración urbana y gestión del riesgo en Chile
Authors: Sarmiento Prieto Juan Pablo , Fritis Estay Antonio , Castro Correa Carmen Paz
Published: May 2020

Desde el año 2006 el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (MINVU) de Chile avanzó en un proceso de regeneración urbana, entendida como una recuperación de áreas urbanas consolidadas que han experimentado un deterioro social y físico, sectores o barrios de la ciudad que comparten problemas de precariedad, acceso, inequidad, exclusión y frecuentemente exposición a riesgos socionaturales. Por más de 10 años el programa “Quiero mi barrio”, ha implementado un proceso participativo tendiente a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes del barrio en una iniciativa que involucra al ministerio, a diferentes agencias sectoriales del nivel nacional, al municipio y a la propia comunidad para la recuperación de los espacios públicos, el equipamiento y el fortalecimiento del tejido social. Este Programa, en un trabajo colaborativo con la Universidad de Chile y Florida International University, ha incorporado en sus proyectos, la metodología de trabajo de gestión del riesgo, que se refleja en intervenciones seguras que contribuyen a la construcción comunitaria de barrios resilientes al riesgo de desastres. A lo largo de su historia, el programa ha realizado numerosas intervenciones de mejoramiento barrial a lo largo del país, cuyos resultados han sido evaluados caso a caso, pero no en sus efectos globales y en el impacto de esta política pública a nivel país.

Since 2006, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MINVU) of Chile has advanced in a process of urban regeneration, understood as a recovery of consolidated urban areas that have experienced a social and physical deterioration, sectors or neighborhoods of the city that share problems of precariousness, access, inequality, exclusion, and frequently exposure to socionatural risks. For more than 10 years the program "Quiero mi barrio" has implemented a participatory process aimed at improving the quality of life of the neighborhood’s inhabitants in an initiative that involves the ministry, different sector agencies at the national level, the municipality and the community itself for the recovery of public spaces, infrastructure, and the strengthening ofthe social fabric. This Program, in a collaborative work with the University of Chile and Florida International University, has mainstreamed risk management methodology in its projects, which is reflected in safe interventions that contribute to the community construction of neighborhoods that are resilient to disaster risk. Throughout its history, the program has carried out numerous neighborhood improvement interventions all overthe country, which results have been evaluated on a case-by-case basis, but not in its overall effects nor in the impact of this public policy at the national level.
Satisfacción del espacio barrial: la perspectiva de habitantes en barrios intervenidos en Programas de Regeneración Urbana
Authors: Cortés Chávez Sandra
Published: May 2020

El Programa Quiero Mi Barrio (PQMB) forma parte de la política pública de regeneración barrial desarrollada por el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo. Desde el año 2006 se implementa en Chile, interviniendo espacio público y equipamientos de barrios identificados como vulnerables, con alto deterioro urbano y social; delincuencia, microtráfico, relaciones deterioradas, bajos niveles de organización y participación social, baja identidad y pertenencia. El supuesto es que los habitantes tienen baja calidad de vida e in satisfacción con el barrio ante lo cual los objetivos de la intervención buscan mejorar interacción, participación social, organización, satisfacción barrial, y calidad de vida. La investigación indaga en la percepción que los habitantes tienen delbarrio, observando la variación de la satisfacción del espacio barrial con la intervención del PQMB, realizada entre el año 2013 y 2016. El análisis estadístico permite identificar dimensiones y distintos niveles de satisfacción, desde la perspectiva de los habitantes.

The "Quiero Mi Barrio Program" (PQMB) is a public policy of neighborhood regeneration developed to the Ministry of Housing and Town Planning. Implemented in Chile since 2006, intervenes public space and servicesof neighborhoods identified as vulnerable, with high urban and social deterioration; delinquency, micro-trafficking, deteriorated relationships, low levels of organization and social participation, low identity andbelonging. The assumption is that the habitants have low quality of life and dissatisfaction with the neighborhood so the objectives of the intervention seek to improve interaction, social participation, organization, neighborhood satisfaction, and quality of life. The perception that the habitants have of the neighborhood is investigated, observing the variation of the satisfaction with the intervention of the PQMB, developed between 2013 and 2016. The statistical analysis identifies dimensions and different levels of neighborhood satisfaction, from the perspective of the population.
Brasília entre discursos modernistas e usos contemporâneos do espaço urbano: notas sobre processos de gentrificação na capital federal brasileira
Authors: Guimarães Sávio Tadeu , Almeida Rachel Castro
Published: May 2020

Estratégias de enobrecimento de determinados territórios urbanos, os chamados processos de gentrificação, têm revelado, por todo globo, assimetrias de poder e dominações que, geralmente, reforçam ou reinventam processos de produção de desigualdades socioespaciais nas cidades contemporâneas. O principal objetivo deste artigo é analisar dinâmicas onde coexistam tendências de gentrificação e de resistência vivenciadas na cidade de Brasília. Para tanto, foi focado o caso representado por algumas das quadras comerciais da capital brasileira, que compõem interstícios das superquadras da cidade modernista. A formatação de uma trilha metodológica para esta análise se inicia por um referencial bibliográfico de referências globais e locais e se complementa com o aporte de uma abordagem etnográfica, atenta aos processos do cotidiano. Espera-se, com tal estudo, a circulação desta reflexão sobre o espaço público para além do âmbito acadêmico atingindo, de maneira crítica e reflexiva, outras esferas da sociedade abordadas durante essa análise espacial.

Strategies to enrich certain urban territories, the so-called gentrification processes, have revealed, all over the globe, asymmetries of power and dominations which, in general, reinforce or reinvent processes to produce socio-spatial inequalities in contemporary cities. The main purpose of this article is to analyze dynamics where gentrification trends coexist with resistance as experienced in the city of Brasília. For such, the focus was the case represented by some commercial blocks in the Brazilian capital, which make up interstices of superblocks in modernist city. The formatting of a methodological trail for this analysis starts with a set of bibliographical references, both local and global, and is supplemented by the input of an ethnographic approach, aware of the everyday life processes. It is expected, as an outcome of the study, that reflections about public spaces will move around beyond the academic context to critically and reflexively reach other spheres of society addressed along the spatial analysis.
Planeamiento metropolitano heterodoxo: innovaciones institucionales e instrumentales del caso argentino
Authors: Elinbaum Pablo
Published: May 2020

Los planes metropolitanos no pueden tipificarse, aunque en la bibliografía especializada prevalecen los ejemplos del “Norte” implementados durante el período desarrollista de postguerra. Más allá de las diferencias de contenido, estos planes comparten marcos estatales sostenidos por enormes orquestaciones de leyes y regulaciones. Pero, ¿qué sucede con las iniciativas de ordenación metropolitana que se desarrollan en los países que no cuentan con marcos institucionales formalizados, tal como se da en los países latinoamericanos? A partir de un estudio de caso comparado de dos planes metropolitanos argentinos, intentaremos echar luz sobre estas cuestiones, contribuyendo a los marcos de investigación y de la práctica. Considerando tres dimensiones analíticas –la institucional, la instrumental y la procesual– intentaremos definir la especificidad del planeamiento metropolitano en el contexto del Sur Global –como el argentino– y ofrecer un conjunto de lecciones que evidencien como las políticas públicas metropolitanas pueden ser operativas más allá del formalismo de los enfoques integrales.

Metropolitan plans cannot be typified, although in the specialized literature prevails the examples of the "North", implemented during the post-war developmental period. Beyond content and scope differences, these plans share similar state frameworks supported by huge orchestrations of laws and regulations. But, what about the metropolitan planning initiatives that take place in countries that do not have formalized institutional frameworks, as is the case in Latin American countries? Based on a comparative case study of two Argentine metropolitan plans, we will try to shed light on these issues, contributing to the research and practice frameworks. Considering three analytical dimensions -institutional, instrumental and procedural- we will try to define the specificity of metropolitan planning in the context of the Global South, as in the case of Argentine, and offer a set of lessons that show how metropolitan public policies can be operational beyond formalist and integral approaches.
Publicaciones sobre Filología Griega en España (2018)
Authors: Rodríguez Somolinos Helena
Published: May 2020

Bibliografía relativa a Filología Griega publicada en España en 2018.
Lengua, literatura y joyería. La "axuayca" del "Cancionero" de Baena
Authors: Labarta Ana
Published: May 2020

El artículo recoge y comenta en la primera parte una serie de citas escalonadas en el tiempo que documentan en textos castellanos tres voces transcritas del árabe: xabeca, axubayca y axuayca. Esta última era bien conocida a través del Cancionero de Baena. Atestiguadas en el área andaluza entre 1341 y 1568, las referencias recogidas permiten afirmar que axuayca es una variante gráfica de axubayca que, a su vez, es un diminutivo de xabeca, la voz árabe para ‘red’. Los datos encajan y dan la clave para saber qué tipo de joya era: un collar de perlitas, piedras y piezas de oro formando una redecilla.La segunda parte del trabajo está dedicada a mostrar por qué son inadmisibles las propuestas de explicación de esta voz que se han dado con anterioridad, en particular la que modificó el vocablo convirtiéndolo en axurayca para hacer de él el diminutivo de ajorca, un tipo de brazalete. La conclusión es que la grafía axuayca del Cancionero de Baena es correcta y no debe ser corregida.
Jewish Art in the Period of Jewish Political Autonomy in Lithuania, 1919–1924
Authors: Bukauskaitė Evelina
Published: May 2020

The paper addresses Jewish art life during the short yet vivid period of Jewish national and cultural autonomy in Lithuania from 1919 to 1924. The Culture section of the Jewish National Council supported cultural progress and tried to organize an exhibition of Lithuanian Jewish artists in Berlin in 1920-1921. Young artists such as Sara Gorschen, Feiga Blumberg, Sholom Zelmanovich and, probably, P. Cheiskes with Bencion Zukerman could have had a chance to represent modern Lithuanian Jewish art had the exhibition been held. Another part of the artistic legacy of this period is represented by such artists from Kiev’s movement-organization “Kultur Lige” as Issachar Ber Ryback and Max Kaganovitch. I. B. Ryback created illustrations for the publishing house “Likht” (Hebrew for ‘light’ or ‘candle’), and the sculptor Max Kaganovitch worked mainly in the Jewish theatrical studio. Due to the complicated political climate, the process of Jewish autonomy in Lithuania ended in 1924, which triggered a short stagnation in Jewish cultural progress. A glimpse into the multilayered activity of Jewish artistic life in Lithuania during the period of Jewish national and cultural autonomy is the first attempt to restore complex but unique processes.
Parenting: Types, Effects and Cultural Variation
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Akter Hasina , Islam Md Aminul , Shah Md. Mohsin Ali , Kabir Russell
Published: May 2020

Studies have been coming out exploring different aspects of parenting and how the child has been shaped by parenting. Parenting is the emotional tone between parent and child. It is usually conceptualized by two dimensions, namely demandingness and responsiveness. Based on these dimensions, parenting has been conceptualized in four types mentioned as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. Parenting has immediate as well as enduring effects on a child’s behavioral, emotional, personal, and cognitive development. However, parenting is deeply influenced by the culture which decides the limits of behavior that to be controlled and praised. This narrative review was aimed to discuss the dimensions, types, effect of parenting style on the child’s development, and cultural variation of it.
Chemical Bonding in Chalcogenides: The Concept of Multicenter Hyperbonding
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Elliott Stephen R.
Published: May 2020

The precise nature of chemical‐bonding interactions in amorphous, and crystalline, chalcogenides is still unclear due to the complexity arising from the delocalization of bonding, and nonbonding, electrons. Although an increasing degree of electron delocalization for elements down a column of the periodic table is widely recognized, its influence on chemical‐bonding interactions, and on consequent material properties, of chalcogenides has not previously been comprehensively understood from an atomistic point of view. Here, a chemical‐bonding framework is provided for understanding the behavior of chalcogenides (and, in principle, other lone‐pair materials) by studying prototypical telluride nonvolatile‐memory, “phase‐change” materials (PCMs), and related chalcogenide compounds, via density‐functional‐theory molecular‐dynamics (DFT‐MD) simulations. Identification of the presence of previously unconsidered multicenter “hyperbonding” (lone‐pair–antibonding‐orbital) interactions elucidates not only the origin of various material properties, and their contrast in magnitude between amorphous and crystalline phases, but also the very similar chemical‐bonding nature between crystalline PCMs and one of the bonding subgroups (with the same bond length) found in amorphous PCMs, in marked contrast to existing viewpoints. The structure–property relationship established from this new bonding‐interaction perspective will help in designing improved chalcogenide materials for diverse applications, based on a fundamental chemical‐bonding point of view.
In Situ Ring‐Closing Strategy for Direct Synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nickel Complexes and Their Application in Coupling of Allylic Alcohols with Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Wang Yu‐Bin , Liu Bin‐Yuan , Bu Qingqing , Dai Bin , Liu Ning
Published: May 2020

A in situ ring‐closing strategy was developed for the synthesis of N‐heterocyclic carbene nickel complexes. The process was carried out in air, and did not require solvent purification. The resulting nickel complexes were investigated as catalysts for the coupling of allylic alcohols with aryl boronic acids. A wide range of allylic substrates and aryl acids proved to be applicable to this catalytic system. Control experiments suggest that the Ni(0) may be the true active species in the coupling reactions.

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Adult and juvenile bearded capuchin monkeys handle stone hammers differently during nut‐cracking
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Barton Sophie A. , Keo Sreinick , Patel Rushi , Izar Patrícia , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Haslam Michael
Published: May 2020

Wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) habitually use stone hammers to crack open palm nuts and seeds on anvils. This activity requires strength, balance, and precise movement of a large stone with respect to the item placed on an anvil. We explored how well young monkeys cope with these challenges by examining their behavior and the behavior of adults while they cracked palm nuts using a stone. Using video records, we compared actions of six juvenile (2–5 years) and six adult (7+ years) wild monkeys during their first 20 strikes with one unfamiliar ellipsoid, quartzite stone (540 g), and the outcomes of these strikes. Compared with adults, juveniles cracked fewer nuts, performed a more diverse set of exploratory actions, and less frequently placed one or both hands on top of the stone on the downward motion. Adults and juveniles displayed similar low frequencies of striking with a slanted trajectory, missing the nut, and losing control over the nut or stone after striking. These findings indicate that young monkeys control the trajectory of a stone adequately but that is not sufficient to crack nuts as effectively as adults do. Compared with juveniles, adults more quickly perceive how to grip the stone efficiently, and they are able to adjust their grip dynamically during the strike. Young monkeys develop expertise in the latter aspects of cracking nuts over the course of several years of regular practice, indicating that perceptual learning about these aspects of percussion occurs slowly. Juvenile and adult humans learning to use stones to crack nuts also master these features of cracking nuts very slowly.
Fabrication and characterization of melamine formaldehyde fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and high fire resistance by dry spinning
Authors: Xiong Zhu , Chen Ning , Wang Qi
Published: May 2020

High‐performance melamine formaldehyde (MF) fibers are successfully produced by innovatively utilizing dry spinning with high efficiency and low emission. Three ways are adopted to enhance the mechanical performance of MF fiber. First, MF resin is modified by introducing flexible chain segments into MF three‐dimensional network and reducing the network crosslink density. Second, the energy dissipation capacity of the MF fibers is improved through constructing of hydrogen bond networks among modified MF resin, nano‐SiO2, and/or polyvinyl alcohol and forming interpenetrating network structures of modified MF resin and nano‐SiO2. Third, homogeneous and stable spinning solutions without phase separation are prepared, which can reduce interior defects of MF fibers. The chemical changes in the spinning solutions with increasing temperature and the rheology behavior of the solutions are investigated. In addition, the effects of fiber compositions on microstructure, morphology, and the properties of the MF fibers are also systematically studied. The prepared MF fibers possess high fire retardancy (i.e., limiting oxygen index >40%), thermal stability (i.e., Tmax >360°C), and mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength >2.5 cN/dtex).
Hexahydrotriazine derivative containing imidazole for fast curing, improved mechanical strength, and flame retardancy of epoxy
Authors: Kim Doo Hun , Kim Younghyun , Goh Munju
Published: May 2020

We synthesized a hexahydrotriazine derivative containing imidazole, 1,3,5‐tris[4′‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐yl]‐1,3,5‐triazinane (HIM) and adapted it as a co‐curing agent for epoxy resin (EP). The curing kinetics of HIM were evaluated using elevated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and the curing speed was determined to be accelerated with HIM. Moreover, when 5 phr of HIM was applied to the epoxy system, the tensile strength of cured EP increased to 50.9 MPa. Because of the high nitrogen content of HIM, when the candidate amount of HIM was increased, the char yield increased. HIM (20 phr) showed a char yield of 36.1%, which is about 74% higher than that of the HIM (0 phr) reference (20.7%). The char layer acts as a barrier between oxygen and polymeric decomposition gases, inducing a high flame‐retardant property.
European Space Agency SMILEand Czech participation
Authors: Hudec Rene , Branduardi‐Raymont Graziella , Sembay Steven , Simon Vojtech
Published: May 2020

SMILE (Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer) is a space mission which aims to measure Earth's global system responses to solar wind and geomagnetic variations with innovative instrumentation, for example, wide–field X‐ray telescope of Lobster–Eye type, on board. It is a collaborative project of the European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The SMILE international consortium involves the Czech Technical University in Prague and the Czech teams are expected to contribute to the project, mainly to the science and software related to the X–ray telescope. The aim of this short paper is to provide an outline of SMILE and in particular of the Czech participation to this mission, with emphasis on observation of celestial X‐ray sources as SMILE secondary science.
Parental misperceptions of in‐group norms for child discipline
Authors: Ganz Gary , Neville Fergus G. , Kassanjee Reshma , Ward Catherine L.
Published: May 2020

The influence of perceived social norms on behaviour has been studied in a variety of domains. However, little research has examined their application to child discipline. This study explored social norms perceptions and their associations with parental discipline in greater Cape Town, South Africa. A cross‐sectional study of 195 mothers (using convenience sampling) from two Early Childhood Development centres examined self‐reported violent and non‐violent parenting behaviour, and perceived descriptive (usual behaviour in a group) and injunctive (appraisal of such behaviour) group norms. Parents overestimated the prevalence of violent parenting. Perceived descriptive norms of violent parenting were associated with self‐reported violent parenting behaviour; and perceived descriptive norms of non‐violent parenting were associated with self‐reported non‐violent parenting behaviour. Estimation of support for violent and for non‐violent parenting differed by centre, as did the relationship between perceived injunctive norms of non‐violent parenting and self‐reported non‐violent parenting behaviour. We also found significant effects of social identification, parent educational attainment and parent‐reported child misbehaviour. Parents' perceptions of group norms of parental discipline may be mistaken yet influence their own behaviour, providing the potential basis for violence prevention interventions.
Dynamic Stabilization of DNA Assembly by Using Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamide
Authors: Ang Yan Shan , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Yung Lin‐Yue Lanry
Published: May 2020

We used N‐methylpyrrole (Py)‐N‐methylimidazole‐(Im) polyamide as an exogenous agent to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies at specific double‐stranded sequences. The concept was demonstrated on the hybridization chain reaction that forms linear DNA. Through a series of melting curve analyses, we demonstrated that the binding of Py−Im polyamide positively influenced both the HCR initiation and elongation steps. In particular, Py−Im polyamide was found to drastically stabilize the DNA duplex such that its thermal stability approached that of an equivalent hairpin structure. Also, the polyamide served as an anchor between hairpin pairs in the HCR assembly, thus improving the originally weak interstrand stability. We hope that these proof‐of‐concept results can inspire future use of Py−Im polyamide as a molecular tool to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies.
Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Fathi Nazanin , Rezaei Nima
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is uncontrollably spread all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential cells and cytokines. With chronically condition of SARS‐CoV‐2, natural killer cells and T cells become exhausted and decreasing their count leads to lymphopenia. Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. These mechanisms and the potential therapeutic targeting are discussed in this paper.
18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography may help determine better treatment for thigh pain after hip arthroplasty—A case report
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Uezono Shigehito , Nagai Yuko , Kanetaka Masakazu , Wagatsuma Kei , Ishii Kenji , Kumakawa Takeshi , Yasue Kensuke , Anamizu Yorito , Tokimura Fumiaki , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2020

Thigh pain after hip arthroplasty is multifactorial; uncovering its etiology is paramount for optimal treatment. This is the first case where 18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography substantially helped in diagnosing the post‐hip arthroplasty persistent thigh pain and appropriate treatment selection. This imaging modality warrants further study and more widespread application.
Modeling and Optimization of a Jackfruit Seed‐Based Supercapacitor Electrode Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mathew Seema , Karandikar Parashuram Balwant , Kulkarni Neelima Ravindra
Published: May 2020

Supercapacitors can be used for portable energy storage applications. In this study, machine learning techniques are applied to optimize the process of preparation of supercapacitor electrodes from chemically activated carbon made from jackfruit seeds. Experimental trials were carried out using statistical design of experiments. Artificial neural network was employed to generate the process model and a multiobjective optimization was attempted by means of swarm intelligence and the Derringer's desirability function. The optimized electrode demonstrated high capacitance and low resistance making it suitable for supercapacitors. The algorithm developed in the study can be adopted by process engineers for efficient optimization.
Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of an S‐Shaped Double Azahelicene with Inner‐Edge Nitrogen Atoms
Authors: Kawashima Takahiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Sato Takuma , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Kono Choji , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kamikawa Ken
Published: May 2020

An S‐shaped double azahelicene (1) was synthesized in excellent yield by a palladium‐catalyzed double dehydrogenative C−H coupling reaction. The stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed to be dl by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Selective formation of dl‐1 was attributed to the isomerization of the kinetically controlled product (meso‐1) into the more thermodynamically stable dl‐1 under the applied reaction conditions. dl‐1 can coordinate to palladium(II) in a bidentate trans‐chelating fashion, which was confirmed by X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) as well as by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV/Vis, and far‐infrared (FIR) absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations of palladium complex 16 revealed a weak attractive interaction between palladium and carbon atoms on the central dimethoxynaphthalene core, which could facilitate a disproportionation between a trans‐chelating (dl‐1)⋅PdCl2 complex and PdCl2 to form 16.
Diphenylene Iodonium Is a Noncovalent MAO Inhibitor: A Biochemical and Structural Analysis
Authors: Iacovino Luca G. , Reis Joana , Mai Antonello , Binda Claudia , Mattevi Andrea
Published: May 2020

Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) is known for its inhibitory activities against many flavin‐ and heme‐dependent enzymes, and is often used as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. We probed the efficacy of DPI on two well‐known drug targets, the human monoamine oxidases MAO A and B. UV‐visible spectrophotometry and steady‐state kinetics experiments demonstrate that DPI acts as a competitive and reversible MAO inhibitor with Ki values of 1.7 and 0.3 μM for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. Elucidation of the crystal structure of human MAO B bound to the inhibitor revealed that DPI binds deeply in the active‐site cavity to establish multiple hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding side chains and the flavin. These data prove that DPI is a genuine MAO inhibitor and that the inhibition mechanism does not involve a reaction with the reduced flavin. This binding and inhibitory activity against the MAOs, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐producing enzymes, will have to be carefully considered when interpreting experiments that rely on DPI for target validation and chemical biology studies on ROS functions.
Low‐dose tyrosine kinase inhibitors before treatment discontinuation do not impair treatment‐free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: Results of a retrospective study
Authors: Cayssials Emilie , Torregrosa‐Diaz Jose , Gallego‐Hernanz Pilar , Tartarin Florence , Systchenko Thomas , Maillard Natacha , Desmier Déborah , Machet Antoine , Fleck Emmanuel , Corby Anne , Motard Carine , Denis Guillaume , Herbelin André , Gombert Jean‐Marc , Roy Lydia , Ragot Stéphanie , Leleu Xavier , Guilhot François , Chomel Jean‐Claude
Published: May 2020

Background

Long‐term treatment‐free remission (TFR) represents a new goal for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In clinical practice, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dose reductions can be considered a means of preventing adverse effects and improving quality of life. We hypothesized that administration of low‐dose TKIs before treatment discontinuation does not impair TFR in patients with CML who have a deep molecular response (DMR, ≥MR4).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 77 patients with CML who discontinued treatment with TKIs. Twenty‐six patients had been managed with low‐dose TKIs before stopping treatment. Patients were to be exposed to TKIs for ≥5 years and to low‐dose TKIs for ≥1 year and in DMR for ≥2 years. The loss of major molecular response (MMR) was considered a trigger for restarting therapy.

Results

In the low‐dose group, 61.5% of patients received second‐generation TKIs, and dose reduction was ≥50% for 65.4% of patients. With a median follow‐up of 61.5 months, TFR at 12 months was 56.8% in the full‐dose TKI group and 80.8% in the low‐dose group, and TFR at 60 months was 47.5% and 58.8%, respectively. The median time to molecular recurrence (≥MMR) from TKI discontinuation in the entire cohort was 6.2 months. All patients quickly achieved MMR after resuming TKI therapy. Results appear independent of both dose reduction and potential pretreatment with interferon‐α.

Conclusion

This retrospective study shows that TFR was not impaired by low‐dose TKI regimens before TKI cessation in Patients with CML. Nevertheless, prospective randomized clinical trials must be undertaken to analyze the probability of successful TFR in patients managed with TKI dose de‐escalation strategies before TKI discontinuation.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Fluorophenylacetylenes: To Fluoresce or Not?
Authors: Mondal Sohidul Islam , Dey Arghya , Patwari G. Naresh
Published: May 2020

The hydrogen‐bonded complexes of fluorophenylacetylenesexhibit unusual and interesting fluorescence turn ON/OFF behaviour following excitation to 1ππ* (S1) state. The fluorescence switching behaviour can be realized by (i) “change in the intermolecular structure, (ii) change in the position of fluorine substitution and (iii) change in the hydrogen bonding partner or a combination thereof. Experiments indicate that the ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X (X=O, N) hydrogen bonding with the acetylenic group plays a pivotal role in this switching behaviour. Intriguingly, weaker ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonding leads to fluorescence OFF state, which is turned ON by stronger hydrogen bonding. The observed fluorescence this switching behaviour is rationalized on the basis of a phenomenological model which suggests a coupling between the initially excited S1 state and a dark Sn state in the Franck‐Condon region with limited window controlled by the ≡C−H⋅⋅⋅X hydrogen bonding as a crucial parameter. Such fluorescence switching behaviour in hydrogen‐bonded complexes is unprecedented and these intriguing results hopefully will stimulate theoreticians to test ′state of the art′ theories to explain these observations in a consistent manner.
How to Transition from Single‐Gene Pharmacogenetic Testing to Preemptive Panel‐Based Testing: A Tutorial
Authors: Marrero Richard J. , Cicali Emily J. , Arwood Meghan J. , Eddy Elizabeth , DeRemer David , Ramnaraign Brian H. , Daily Karen C. , Jones Dennie , Cook Kelsey J. , Cavallari Larisa H. , Wiisanen Weitzel Kristin , Langaee Taimour , Newsom Kimberly J. , Starostik Petr , Clare‐Salzer Michael J. , Johnson Julie A. , George Thomas J. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M.
Published: May 2020

There have been significant advancements in precision medicine and approaches to medication selection based on pharmacogenetic results. With the availability of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing and growing awareness of genetic interindividual variability, patient demand for more precise, individually tailored drug regimens is increasing. The University of Florida (UF) Health Precision Medicine Program (PMP) was established in 2011 to improve integration of genomic data into clinical practice. In the ensuing years, the UF Health PMP has successfully implemented several single‐gene tests to optimize the precision of medication prescribing across a variety of clinical settings. Most recently, the UF Health PMP launched a custom‐designed pharmacogenetic panel, including pharmacogenes relevant to supportive care medications commonly prescribed to patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment, referred to as “GatorPGx.” This tutorial provides guidance and information to institutions on how to transition from the implementation of single‐gene pharmacogenetic testing to a preemptive panel‐based testing approach. Here, we demonstrate application of the preemptive panel in the setting of an adult solid tumor oncology clinic. Importantly, the information included herein can be applied to other clinical practice settings.