bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Labour’s Policies to Influence and Challenge Islam in Contemporary Britain: A Case Study on the National Muslim Women’s Advisory Group’s Theology Project
Authors: Allen Chris
Published: June 2017

The creation of the National Muslims Women’s Advisory Group (NMWAG) in 2008 by Britain’s New Labour Government was part of a strategy which sought to engage different levels of Muslim communities beneath an overarching focus on reducing ‘Islamic extremism’. To do so however, Government acknowledged that it would need to support Muslim women to overcome some of the constraints it believed were placed on Muslim women in contemporary Britain. Deeming theology and religious interpretation to be one of those constraints, Government saw the need to empower Muslim women to ‘influence and challenge’ religious and theological discourses as a priority. This article therefore offers a case study on a project that was commissioned by Government that sought to empower Muslim women to ‘influence and challenge’ theological interpretations in collaboration with the NMWAG. Having gained unprecedented access to the NMWAG, its activities and engagement with Government, this article presents previously unpublished findings from that project to focus on two key themes: Muslim women, their identity and position; and theology, leadership and the participation of women. Having explored these in detail, this article concludes by critically reflecting on the way in which Government engaged and interacted with Muslim women, the role and relative success of the NMWAG and, most importantly, the extent to which the NMWAG was able to ‘influence and challenge’ interpretations of Islamic theology.
Lactancia materna para control del dolor agudo en lactantes: ensayo clínico controlado, ciego simple
Authors: Zurita-Cruz Jessie Nallely , Rivas-Ruiz Rodolfo , Gordillo-Álvarez Virginia , Villasis-Keever Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: determinar la efi cacia de la lactancia materna (LM) para el manejo del dolor agudo después de la vacunación en lactantes menores de 6 meses al compararse con el sucedáneo de la leche (SL) y no aplicar ninguna maniobra.Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, ciego simple en fase III en lactantes menores de 6 meses de edad. Se incluyeron 3 grupos: LM, SL y sin aplicar analgesia (control). El dolor se midió a través del tiempo de llanto y una escala de dolor pediátrico. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y U de Mann Whitney para variables cuantitativas y para variables cualitativas se aplicó la prueba de Chi2. Se utilizó Kaplan Meier para analizar el tiempo de llanto total.Resultados: se analizaron un total de 144 pacientes, 48 por grupos. El grupo de LM tuvo menor tiempo de llanto (p = 0,007) y menor califi cación de dolor a los 90 (p = 0,006) y 120 (p = 0,003) segundos comparado con los otros 2 grupos. Mientras que entre el grupo SL y el grupo control no hubo diferencia signifi cativa en la duración del llanto ni la escala de dolor.Conclusiones: la lactancia materna es efectiva para el manejo del dolor agudo después de la vacunación en lactantes menores de 6 meses de edad en comparación al sucedáneo de leche y no aplicar analgesia.
Infrapeso materno y resultados perinatales: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo
Authors: Vilar Sánchez Ángel , Fernández Alba Juan Jesús , González Macías María del Carmen , Paublete Herrera María del Carmen , Carnicer Fuentes Concepción , Carral San Laureano Florentino , Torrejón Cardoso Rafael , Moreno Corral Luis Javier
Published: June 2017

Introducción: algunos estudios han asociado el infrapeso materno con resultados perinatales adversos tales como aborto espontáneo, desprendimiento placentario, feto pequeño para edad gestacional, crecimiento intrauterino retardado y parto pretérmino.Objetivos: determinar si el infrapeso materno al inicio de la gestación influye sobre la forma de inicio y vía del parto, peso al nacer, índice de Apgar al minuto 5 y edad gestacional en el momento del parto.Métodos: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en gestantes adscritas al Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real. Periodo de estudio: 2002-2011. Grupo de estudio: infrapeso al inicio de la gestación (índice de masa corporal [IMC] < 18,5); grupo control: IMC normal al inicio de la gestación (18,5-24,9). Analizamos el riesgo (OR) de inducción de parto, cesárea, bajo peso al nacer, macrosomía, Apgar a los 5’ < 7 y parto pretérmino.Resultados: la prevalencia de infrapeso fue del 2,5% frente al 58,9% de gestantes que presentaron un IMC normal. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la tasa de inducción de parto, macrosomía fetal, Apgar a los 5’ < 7 ni parto pretérmino. El infrapeso materno se asoció a una disminución en el riesgo de cesárea (OR ajustada 0,45; IC 95% 0,22-0,89) y a un riesgo aumentado de presentar recién nacido pequeño para su edad gestacional (OR ajustada 1,74; IC 95% 1,05-2,90).Conclusiones: el infrapeso materno al inicio de la gestación se asocia a una menor probabilidad de que el parto finalice mediante la realización de una cesárea y a un mayor riesgo de que el recién nacido presente un peso al nacer por debajo del percentil 10.
Consumo de huevo y enfermedad cardiovascular: una revisión de la literatura científica
Authors: Dussaillant Catalina , Echeverría Guadalupe , Rozowski Jaime , Velasco Nicolás , Arteaga Antonio , Rigotti Attilio
Published: June 2017

El huevo es un alimento que aporta proteína de alta calidad y numerosos nutrientes con potenciales beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, la aparición de la enfermedad cardiovascular como importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, junto con la identificación de los niveles elevados de colesterol plasmático como factor de riesgo para esta patología, llevó, en los años 70, a profesionales e instituciones de salud a limitar el consumo de colesterol y, por tanto, de huevo en la población. Hasta la fecha, los análisis de cohortes prospectivas tienden a mostrar que el consumo de hasta un huevo diario no aumenta significativamente el riesgo cardiovascular en la población sana. Sin embargo, esta evidencia no es clara en los pacientes diabéticos y pone en duda que este alimento consumido en cantidades elevadas sea del todo inocuo en esta población en particular. Asimismo, estudios de intervención a corto plazo han mostrado que, en general, el consumo de huevo no afecta negativamente los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en individuos sanos así como en aquellos con enfermedad cardiometabólica. Además, estos estudios sugieren que la incorporación del huevo en la dieta podría traer beneficios adicionales, promoviendo un perfil lipídico menos aterogénico.
Efectos del té verde y su contenido de galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG) sobre el peso corporal y la masa grasa en humanos. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vázquez Cisneros Lucía Cristina , López-Uriarte Patricia , López-Espinoza Antonio , Navarro Meza Mónica , Espinoza-Gallardo Ana Cristina , Guzmán Aburto Martha Beatriz
Published: June 2017

La prevalencia e incidencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad continúan en aumento a nivel mundial, así como las enfermedades relacionadas con estas condiciones. Ello se atribuye a un incremento en la ingesta de energía y una disminución en el gasto de la misma. El consumo de té verde se ha relacionado con una reducción en la grasa y el peso corporal. Sin embargo, las investigaciones realizadas con el té verde han sido muy diversas. Esta revisión sistemática explora las investigaciones que se han realizado con té verde y su contenido de galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG) evaluando su efecto sobre la grasa y el peso corporal en humanos. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science que dio como primer resultado un total de 424 artículos potenciales. Fueron excluidos 409, por lo que se utilizaron 15 artículos para esta revisión sistemática. Las investigaciones han sido muy diversas; sin embargo, el consumo diario de té verde con dosis de EGCG entre los 100 y los 460 mg/día ha mostrado mayor efectividad sobre la reducción de masa grasa y peso corporal en periodos de intervención de 12 semanas o más. Además, la utilización de dosis de cafeína entre 80 y 300 mg/día ha mostrado ser un factor de importancia para los efectos obtenidos, siempre y cuando los participantes no tuviesen previo a la intervención una ingesta habitual de cafeína alta (> 300 mg/día).
The End of Written Informed Consent for HIV Testing: Not With a Bang but a Whimper
Authors: Bayer Ronald , Philbin Morgan , Remien Robert H.
Published: June 2017

In 2014, only two states in the United States still mandated specific written informed consent for HIV testing and, after years of controversy, New York ended this requirement, leaving only Nebraska. New York’s shift to opt-out testing meant that a singular feature of what had characterized the exceptionalism surrounding HIV testing was eliminated. We trace the history of debates on written informed consent nationally and in New York State. Over the years of dispute from when HIV testing was initiated in 1985 to 2014, the evidence about the benefits and burdens of written informed consent changed. Just as important was the transformation of the political configuration of HIV advocacy and funding, both nationwide and in New York State. What had for years been the subject of furious debate over what a rational and ethical screening policy required came to an end without the slightest public protest. (Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1259–1265. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303819)
The Public Health Practitioner of the Future
Authors: Erwin Paul Campbell , Brownson Ross C.
Published: June 2017

The requisite capacities and capabilities of the public health practitioner of the future are being driven by multiple forces of change, including public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, globalized travel, and the repercussions of the Affordable Care Act.

We describe five critical capacities and capabilities that public health practitioners can build on to successfully prepare for and respond to these forces of change: systems thinking and systems methods, communication capacities, an entrepreneurial orientation, transformational ethics, and policy analysis and response.

Equipping the public health practitioner with the requisite capabilities and capacities will require new content and methods for those in public health academia, as well as a recommitment to lifelong learning on the part of the practitioner, within an increasingly uncertain and polarized political environment.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Workers: Variability Across Occupation Groups
Authors: Shockey Taylor M. , Zack Matthew , Sussell Aaron
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To examine the health-related quality of life among workers in 22 standard occupation groups using data from the 2013–2014 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Methods. We examined the health-related quality of life measures of self-rated health, frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days by occupation group for 155 839 currently employed adults among 17 states. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses that accounted for the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s complex survey design to obtain prevalence estimates adjusted for potential confounders.

Results. Among all occupation groups, the arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupation group reported the highest adjusted prevalence of frequent physical distress, frequent mental distress, frequent activity limitation, and frequent overall unhealthy days. The personal care and service occupation group had the highest adjusted prevalence for fair or poor self-rated health.

Conclusions. Workers’ jobs affect their health-related quality of life.
Crash Fatality Rates After Recreational Marijuana Legalization in Washington and Colorado
Authors: Aydelotte Jayson D. , Brown Lawrence H. , Luftman Kevin M. , Mardock Alexandra L. , Teixeira Pedro G. R. , Coopwood Ben , Brown Carlos V. R.
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To evaluate motor vehicle crash fatality rates in the first 2 states with recreational marijuana legalization and compare them with motor vehicle crash fatality rates in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization.

Methods. We used the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System to determine the annual numbers of motor vehicle crash fatalities between 2009 and 2015 in Washington, Colorado, and 8 control states. We compared year-over-year changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates (per billion vehicle miles traveled) before and after recreational marijuana legalization with a difference-in-differences approach that controlled for underlying time trends and state-specific population, economic, and traffic characteristics.

Results. Pre–recreational marijuana legalization annual changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were similar to those for the control states. Post–recreational marijuana legalization changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado also did not significantly differ from those for the control states (adjusted difference-in-differences coefficient = +0.2 fatalities/billion vehicle miles traveled; 95% confidence interval = −0.4, +0.9).

Conclusions. Three years after recreational marijuana legalization, changes in motor vehicle crash fatality rates for Washington and Colorado were not statistically different from those in similar states without recreational marijuana legalization. Future studies over a longer time remain warranted.
Personally Identifiable Information in State Laws: Use, Release, and Collaboration at Health Departments
Authors: Begley Elin B. , Ware Jamie M. , Hexem Sarah A. , Rapposelli Karina , Thompson Kelly , Penn Matthew S. , Aquino Gustavo A.
Published: June 2017

Despite benefits to sharing data among public health programs, confidentiality laws are often presumed to obstruct collaboration or data sharing. We present an overview of the use and release of confidential, personally identifiable information as consistent with public health interests and identify opportunities to align data-sharing procedures with use and release provisions in state laws to improve program outcomes.

In August 2013, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff and legal researchers from the National Nurse-Led Care Consortium conducted a review of state laws regulating state and local health departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Nearly all states and the District of Columbia employ provisions for the general use and release of personally identifiable information without patient consent; disease-specific use or release provisions vary by state. Absence of law regarding use and release provisions was noted.

Health departments should assess existing state laws to determine whether the use or release of personally identifiable information is permitted. Absence of direction should not prevent data sharing but prompt an analysis of existing provisions in confidentiality laws.
Cover Crop Frequency and Compost Effects on a Legume–Rye Cover Crop During Eight Years of Organic Vegetables
Authors: Brennan Eric B. , Smith Richard F.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Cover crops and compost are common inputs in high‐value, organic vegetables.

Cover crop frequency and compost effects on a legume–rye mixture were evaluated over 8 yr.

Yard‐waste compost additions increased soil organic C in vegetable systems.

Frequent cover cropping increased soil nitrate levels.

Cover crop frequency and compost had subtle effect on legume–rye growth.

The long‐term impacts of adding organic matter to the soil using cover crops (CC) and compost are poorly understood in high‐value, tillage‐intensive vegetable systems. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of CC frequency (annually vs. every fourth winter) and yard‐waste compost (0 vs. 15.2 Mg dry matter ha−1 annually) on the performance of a legume–rye (Secale cereale L.) CC in three systems during Years 4 and 8 of the Salinas Organic Cropping Systems experiment in Salinas, CA. Other inputs during the 8 yr of commercial‐scale vegetable production were identical across systems. The CC were planted at 420 kg ha−1 and we measured soil organic carbon (SOC), soil NO3, CC population density, and CC shoots (biomass, N accumulation, N concentration, and C/N). At the beginning of Year 4, the systems receiving compost had higher SOC, and by Year 8 the system with frequent CC had higher soil NO3. Total CC biomass and N accumulation did not differ markedly between systems, although legumes were less variable and somewhat more productive in the systems with infrequent CC, regardless of compost. Rye and total CC residue were generally higher quality (lower C/N) in the system with frequent CC. Despite large differences in rainfall between years (234 vs. 123 mm), CC performance was relatively stable across years, although the percentage of legume biomass declined more during the drier year. We conclude that cover cropping frequency and compost have relatively subtle effects on legume–rye growth in intensive, high‐value, organic vegetable production.
Long‐Term Application of the Crop Water Stress Index in Midwest Agro‐Ecosystems
Authors: Dold Christian , Hatfield Jerry L. , Prueger John , Sauer Tom , Büyükcangaz Hakan , Rondinelli Wesley
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

The crop water stress index was calculated for corn, soybean, and prairie using eddy covariance and canopy temperature.

Crop water stress index increased with decreasing volumetric soil water content in tallgrass prairie with net ecosystem production sensitive to water deficits.

Crop water stress index in corn and soybean increased at low and high volumetric soil water content demonstrating that carbon assimilation is affected by deficit and excess soil water contents.

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are predominantly produced in Iowa under rainfed conditions in which the amount and distribution of rainfall, and ambient air temperature, vary substantially among years. Prairie ecosystems also represent a small but significant portion of the landscape in the Midwest, but are subjected to the same variation in rainfall. Quantifying the effect of rainfall variation on ecosystem productivity is required to understand how the absence and the oversupply of water induces plant water stress and affects plant growth. We used the crop water stress index (CWSI) using canopy temperatures obtained from infrared temperature sensors coupled with eddy flux measurements to quantify the impact of water stress on corn, soybean, and prairie net ecosystem production (NEP) in central Iowa from June to August, 2006 through 2015. The relationships between CWSI and NEP, evapotranspiration (ET), and volumetric water content (VWC) were analyzed for these three canopies. Average seasonal CWSI values varied substantially among years and sites, indicating no‐stress and extreme water stress periods. The CWSI significantly increased with decreasing ET and NEP, signaling that water stress adversely affected transpiration and C assimilation. Prairie CWSI was linearly and negatively related to VWC. Corn and soybean CWSI increased with very dry and wet soil moisture regimes, indicating that corn–soybean cropping systems were negatively affected by both the absence and oversupply of water. The CWSI approach quantifies water stress in different agroecosystems to compare the responsiveness of these systems to the dynamics of seasonal rainfall patterns.
Yield and Nutrient Removal in Potato‐Based Conservation Agriculture Cropping Systems in the High Altitude Andean Region of Ecuador
Authors: Gallagher Robert S. , Stehouwer Richard C. , Barrera Mosquera Víctor Hugo , Alvarado Ochoa Soraya Patricia , Escudero López Luis Orlando , Valverde Franklin , Portilla Arnufo , Webber Katie , Domínguez Andrade Juan Manuel
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Conservation agriculture practices evaluated in this study were agronomically effective, but expensive.

Reduced tillage resulted in similar yields in all crops of the potato–oat/vetch–barley–faba rotation to conventional tillage.

Retaining crop and cover crops residues in the field rather than for animal fodder will make the greatest contribution to soil nutrient cycling, but likely to be the least accepted conservation agriculture practice evaluated in this study by regional farmers.

The Illangama region of Ecuador's highlands is typical of much of the Andean region throughout South and Central America. Steep slopes, frequent soil disturbance and the short fallow periods threaten the sustainability of soil quality and crop production in this region. We evaluated several conservation agricultural practices, including deviation ditches, crop residue retention, and reduced tillage in the context of a potato (Solanum tuberosumL.)–oat/vetch (Avena sativaL./Vicia sativaL.)–barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)–faba bean (Vicia fabaL.) rotation from 2011 to 2014 on crop productivity, crop and soil nutrient concentration, and nutrient removal from the system. Crop productivity tended to be higher in plots that had deviation ditches, and where crop and cover residues were retained in the field. Reduced tillage systems had yields similar to conventional tillage systems in all crops. Retaining crop and cover crop residues in the field had the greatest impact on recycling nutrients back to the soil, but was also the most costly conservation practice that we evaluated. Overall, conservation agricultural practices showed considerable agronomic promise for cropping systems in the Illangama region of Ecuador, but will require a longer evaluation period and a comprehensive outreach plan to help gain acceptance with regional farmers. Retaining crop and cover crops residues in the field rather than for animal fodder will make the greatest contribution to soil nutrient cycling, but likely to be the least accepted conservation agriculture (CA) practice evaluated in this study.
Modeling Soil Test Phosphorus Changes under Fertilized and Unfertilized Managements Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Alvarez Roberto , Steinbach Haydee S.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

An artificial neural network was developed to describe soil P dynamics.

The model accurately predicts soil test P increases and decreases.

A meta‐model was derived to apply the build‐up and maintenance philosophy.

The build‐up and maintenance criteria have been introduced for P fertilizer management in the Pampas of Argentina. However, methods for predicting soil test P changes under contrasting fertilizer rates are not available. We performed a meta‐analysis using results from 18 local field experiments performed under the most common crop rotations, in which soil test P changes with and without P fertilization and soil P balance were assessed. We assembled 329 soil test P variation data sets corresponding to a period 12 yr and 129 P balance records. The P balance was not a good predictor of annual soil test P changes (R2 = 0.33). In 38% of the cases, the P balance and soil test P changes showed opposite trends. Polynomial regression and artificial neural networks were tested for soil test P modeling. The neural networks performed better than the regressions (R2 = 0.91 vs. 0.83; P < 0.01). The network that yielded the best results used the initial soil test P level, the P fertilization rate and time as inputs. According to the model, unfertilized crops growing in soils with low initial P levels (soil test P = 10 mg kg−1 or lower) were subjected to only small decreases in soil test P levels, whereas greater decreases occurred in soils with initial high P levels. For fertilized crops, the model showed that P‐rich soils were less enriched in P than P‐poor soils. A simple meta‐model was developed for the prediction of soil test P changes under contrasting fertilizer managements.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation of Black and Navy Bean under Organic Production Systems
Authors: Heilig James A. , Wright Evan M. , Kelly James D.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation of dry bean was evaluated under organic production systems.

Lower performance in organic production systems resulted from inadequate levels of N fertility.

Improving symbiotic nitrogen fixation of dry bean should contribute to improved performance in these systems.

Greenhouse screening for biomass provided an indirect, cost effective method to select for improved symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Michigan is a leader in organic dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production but previous research has shown that dry bean yields in Michigan were substantially lower under organic conditions compared to conventional production. Since pests are generally well controlled in both systems, fertility appears to be an issue where the two systems may differ. For organic dry bean production, fertility is managed through crop rotation, cover crops, and addition of composts and manures instead of the application of synthetically produced fertilizers. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) may also be important for ensuring adequate dry bean yields when external N sources are limiting. Seventy‐nine black and navy bean elite breeding lines, including six commercial cultivars, and a non‐nodulating check were evaluated for yield, and SNF characteristics under organic field conditions in Frankenmuth, Caro, and Wisner, MI, in 2011 through 2013. These same genotypes were also assayed for SNF, nodulation characteristics, shoot and root growth in the greenhouse under N free conditions. Several traits measured in the greenhouse were significantly correlated to traits measured in the field. In particular, percent nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) in the greenhouse was correlated with seed yield, N yield, and seed %Ndfa in the field in most site‐years. Measuring N in seed or plant tissue may not be necessary to estimate SNF characteristics when plants are grown under limited N fertility as the biomass difference from the greenhouse experiment was significantly correlated with seed yield and N yield grown under organic conditions in the field.
EKONOMICZNE I PRAWNE PODŁOŻE ZAWIERANIA KONTRAKTÓW KUPNA RZECZY PRZYSZŁEJ ORAZ KUPNA NADZIEI W STAROŻYTNYM RZYMIE
Authors: Chytła Karolina
Published: June 2017

Economic and Legal Background of Signing Contracts of the Purchase of the Future Object and Hope in the Ancient RomeSummaryThe author analyzes economic background of entering into a contract of purchase of a future object (emptio rei speratae) and hope (emptio spei) in ancient Rome as well as legal regulations in this area. Amongst the most important economic reasons for creating particular types of bargain - selling contracts the author indicates territorial expansion of the early Empire, establishing the ordo equester, which allowed to generate the most important branches of economy, and eventually of the regular coining, which had a great impact on the trade development. The analysis of the legal solutions of the Roman law in this respect is made by comparing emptio rei speratae and emptio spei. Their analysis is based on following criteria: the role of a condition in the contract, the definitione of price, the liability for compensation, market attitude of a purchaser and salesman, who decided on the choice of one of the contracts. The conclusion that comes out of the article can force to the statement that in Rome of 2nd century ВС economy was so well developed that it allowed to come into a contract with e.g. delayed time limit of payment or delivery that there are basis to regard Forum Romanum as sui generis exchange of ancient times.
KARY I ODZNACZENIA W RZYMSKIM PRAWIE WOJSKOWYM
Authors: Szeląg Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Punishments and Rewards in the Roman Military LawSummaryFirst part of the article presents an analysis of punishments in the Roman military law. The punishments may be divided into five following categories:a) material punishments as depravation of pay;b) reduction;c) disgrace;d) corporal punishments;e) death penalty.The second part carries a description of the rewards, that soldiers or commanders may achieve. I have analysed herein such kinds of rewards as decorations, material rewards, promotion, a Triumph and an ovation.
Konferencja naukowa Francuska ustawa o rozdziale kościołów i państwa z 9 grudnia 1905 r. z perspektywy 100 lat, Warszawa, 16 stycznia 2006 r.
Authors: Anasiewicz Aneta Maria
Published: June 2017

Konferencja naukowa Francuska ustawa o rozdziale kościołów i państwa z 9 grudnia 1905 r. z perspektywy 100 lat, Warszawa, 16 stycznia 2006 r.
Disputed Election Results: A More Rigorous "Magic Number Test"
Authors: Hane Francis , Emptage Heather
Published: June 2017

The Gore v Bush disputed election case brought the questioning of the accuracy of election procedures into international news and the minds ofelectors worldwide. In addition to this notorious case, there have been a number of disputed election results in recent years each generating extensive public interest and forcing the judiciary into difficult and split decisions having wide ranging policy and constitutional implications. Elections are the pillar of democratic societies and in order for citizens and societies to have faith in their system of government, elections must be transparent, accurate and binding. In many nations, including Canada, the democratic process is enshrined in their constitution, regardless of whether it is written or unwritten, codified or not.
THE LEGACY OF THE REFERENDUM: WHO ARE WE NOW?
Authors: Cairns Alan
Published: June 2017

THE LEGACY OF THE REFERENDUM: WHO ARE WE NOW?
NAFTA AND THE CONSTITUTION: DOES LABOUR CONVENTIONS REALLY MATTER ANY MORE?
Authors: Howse Robert
Published: June 2017

NAFTA AND THE CONSTITUTION: DOES LABOUR CONVENTIONS REALLY MATTER ANY MORE?
The Bilateral Amending Formula as a Mechanism for the Entrenchment of Property Rights
Authors: Newman Dwight
Published: June 2017

Moves are once again underway to seek to constitutionally entrench property rights, with discussion occurring on the idea in a variety of contexts. In early 2011, federal Member of Parliament (MP) Scott Reid and Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Randy Hillier announced their intention to introduce private member’s bills in their respective legislative assemblies that would entrench property rights.1 They proposed to do so via the legal mechanism of using the bilateral amending formula in s. 43 of the Constitution Act, 1982, which allows for a constitutional amendment "in relation to any provision that applies to one or more, but not all provinces" to be made by just the affected province(s) and Parliament.2 Thus, if both had been adopted, their bills would have entrenched property rights in Ontario through the addition of a new subsection in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Although these particular bills were not introduced or adopted there is every reason to think that efforts to do so will continue.
DISTINCT STATUS FOR QUÉBEC: A BENEFIT TO ENGLISH CANADA
Authors: Laxer Gordon
Published: June 2017

DISTINCT STATUS FOR QUÉBEC: A BENEFIT TO ENGLISH CANADA
Searches of Digital Devices Incident to Arrest: R v Fearon
Authors: Penney Steven
Published: June 2017

On May 23, 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada is scheduled to hear the appeal in R v Fearon. Fearon raises the questions of whether, and under what circumstances, police may conduct warrantless searches of digital devices seized under their common law power to search incident to arrest.
PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT AND THE CHARTER
Authors: Robertson Gerald
Published: June 2017

PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT AND THE CHARTER
CANADA’S INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS AND DISADVANTAGED MEMBERS OF SOCIETY: FINALLY INTO THE SPOTLIGHT?
Authors: Scott Craig
Published: June 2017

CANADA’S INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS AND DISADVANTAGED MEMBERS OF SOCIETY: FINALLY INTO THE SPOTLIGHT?
COMMENTS
Authors: Leeson Howard
Published: June 2017

COMMENTS
FEDERALISM AND DEMOCRACY
Authors: Blakeney Allan
Published: June 2017

FEDERALISM AND DEMOCRACY
"THE WEST": MYTH OR REALITY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM PROCESS?
Authors: McLellan Anne
Published: June 2017

"THE WEST": MYTH OR REALITY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM PROCESS?
The SCC Reimagines Freedom of Association in 2015
Authors: Khullar Ritu , Cosco Vanessa
Published: June 2017

After reviewing the evolution of the Court’s approach to freedom of association (though excluding the Court’s discussion of the corollary freedom not to associate), this paper reviews the Supreme Court of Canada’s 2015 cases on freedom of association, also known as the 2015 Labour Trilogy, and discusses their implications: Mounted Police Association of Ontario v Canada (AG) addressing the right to join a union; Meredith v Canada (AG) addressing legislation overriding predetermined wage increases; and Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v Saskatchewan addressing the right to strike.The paper then discusses how the 2015 Labour Trilogy reinvigorated the values underlying the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and how it applies to strikes not directly relative to collective bargaining.
THE NAFTA DURUM DISPUTE AND THE CANADA GRAIN ACT: A CASE STUDY IN INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Benson Marjorie
Published: June 2017

THE NAFTA DURUM DISPUTE AND THE CANADA GRAIN ACT: A CASE STUDY IN INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
On The Trinity Western University Controversy: An Argument for a Christian Law School in Canada
Authors: Newman Dwight
Published: June 2017

Over the past number of months, the proposed new law school at Trinity Western University (TWU) has come under signifi cant attack, including by many whom I count as academic colleagues within the Canadian Association of Law Teachers and by many within the Canadian law school community more generally. Th ese attacks have had the unique eff ect of subjecting TWU’s law school to a diff erent approval process than has been used for any other Canadian law school, with a dual-committee structure to apply additional scrutiny to it.2 Some have put their attacks explicitly in longer forms,3 and many others have signed petitions against TWU.
SMOKING GUNS: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONFRONTS THE TOBACCO AND GUN LOBBIES
Authors: Schneiderman David , Hutchinson Allan
Published: June 2017

SMOKING GUNS: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONFRONTS THE TOBACCO AND GUN LOBBIES
HUNTING FOR ANSWERS IN A STRANGE KETTLE OF FISH: UNILATERALISM, PATERNALISM AND FIDUCIARY RHETORIC IN BADGER AND VAN DER PEET
Authors: Rotman Leonard
Published: June 2017

HUNTING FOR ANSWERS IN A STRANGE KETTLE OF FISH: UNILATERALISM, PATERNALISM AND FIDUCIARY RHETORIC IN BADGER AND VAN DER PEET
WOMEN IN THE AFTERMATH OF MEECH LAKE
Authors: Jackel Susan
Published: June 2017

WOMEN IN THE AFTERMATH OF MEECH LAKE
SUPREME COURT SCEPTICAL ABOUT PRESUMPTION OF CROWN IMMUNITY
Authors: Gauk Christina
Published: June 2017

SUPREME COURT SCEPTICAL ABOUT PRESUMPTION OF CROWN IMMUNITY
The Turmoil Surrounding the Prorogation of Canada’s 40th Parliament & the Crown
Authors: Munro Kenneth
Published: June 2017

The prorogation of the first session of Can- ada’s fortieth Parliament awakened Canadians to the intricacies of their political system and it brought the Canadian Crown to the fore of our history once more. Acceding to her Prime Min- ister’s advice on that cold, dreary, snow-covered morning of 4 December 2008, the Governor General, Michaëlle Jean, sparked the interest of Canadians in their monarchical institutions. A docile and politically bored population refused in large numbers to cast their ballots in a general election in October. Less than two months later, the prorogation of the first session of their new Parliament sparked a new-fired enthusiasm for politics, and throughout the country Canadians became constitutional experts overnight. They voiced their opinions on talk shows, at work and at leisure, in bars and over formal dinners, sud- denly manifesting astonishing skill at discuss- ing the strengths and weaknesses of their sys- tem of government with particular emphasis on the Maple Crown. Many based their opinions about the Crown on whether or not they liked the Prime Minister. Only a handful focused on the essential issue of the prorogation: was Prime Minister Stephen Harper abusing the preroga- tive and reserve powers of the Crown for parti- san political advantage? This issue was raised by David Smith over a decade ago in his book The Invisible Crown1 and it remains an unresolved question for constitutional observers today.
COMMENTS
Authors: Lajoie Andree
Published: June 2017

COMMENTS
BEYOND THE FLIGHT FROM CONSTITUTIONAL LEGALISM: RETHINKING THE POLITICS OF SOCIAL POLICY POST-CHARLOTTETOWN
Authors: Choudhry Sujit
Published: June 2017

A decade after the demise of the Charlottetown Accord in 1992,1 one of the most visible features of federal-provincial relations is the replacement of constitutional with non-constitutional policy instruments to secure many of the same ends — what I term the “flight from constitutional legalism.” Instead of constitutional amendments, the instrument of choice is the non-legal, intergovernmental accord. The leading examples are the Social Union Framework Agreement2 and the Agreement on Internal Trade,3 which in differing levels of detail set out both a normative framework and an institutional architecture to manage the Social Union and the Economic Union, respectively.
Placing Future Senate Reform in Context
Authors: Hicks Bruce
Published: June 2017

As the opening speaker at the Centre for Constitutional Studies’ March 2015 conference entitled “Time for Boldness on Senate Reform,” I took it as my mission not to advance any bold ideas of my own (though some found my comments on Senate numbers particularly bold). Rather, I tried to set the context for other participants’ bold ideas.  This paper follows a format similar to my talk. In the first part, I explain the current state of scholarly knowledge of second chambers and bicameralism. In the second part, I discuss the accepted orthodoxy that exists in Canada concerning Senate reform, namely that it must simultaneously address the method of selection, the numbers of seats each province gets, and the powers of the Senate.  In the third part, I discuss the real constraint on Senate reform which is sociological and not constitutional. I left it to my fellow panelists to explore the Supreme Court ruling in the reference on Senate reform.
HOW CAN INFRINGEMENTS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES BE JUSTIFIED?
Authors: McNeil Kent
Published: June 2017

HOW CAN INFRINGEMENTS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES BE JUSTIFIED?
BURYING ROTHMAN: THE SUPREME COURT AND THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT
Authors: Elman Bruce P
Published: June 2017

BURYING ROTHMAN: THE SUPREME COURT AND THE RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT
CRISIS WHAT CRISIS? THE RECOGNITION ISSUE AND CANADIAN IDENTITY CRISES
Authors: Jedwab Jack
Published: June 2017

During his 1996 swearing-in ceremony, Québec Premier Lucien Bouchard spoke about the need for “a renewed recognition on the northern part of the continent of two profoundly different peoples.”1 Explicitly referring to Québecers and Canadians, he added that these two peoples would soon have to decide upon their respective destinies. Those who are attached to both Québec and Canada will no doubt have difficulty situating themselves within the Premier’s observation. Still, his characterization remains representative of the way in which the national unity debate and the identity crisis that underlies it are often described by those who advocate Québec sovereignty. It also points to the extent to which an important number of Québecers — to be specific the province’s francophones — do not feel a strong attachment to Canada.
CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Bauman Richard
Published: June 2017

CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA
The Governor General’s Decision to Prorogue Parliament: A Chronology & Assessment
Authors: Heard Andrew
Published: June 2017

We are fortunate that real crises are few and far between in Canadian politics. We have a fundamentally stable system of government, and most political leaders both understand and play by the rules most of the time. As a result, it is something of a shock when a real crisis erupts and fundamental differences unfold over basic constitutional rules. Canada’s parliamentary system has been under increasing strain for several years, but matters came to a head in late 2008. While Governor General Michaëlle Jean’s controversial decision to grant Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s request to prorogue Parlia- ment was the high point of this crisis, there is so much more about this episode that needs to be understood. And it is crucial for us to really understand this affair because the ramifications of the 2008 crisis are profound and enduring. One reason the events erupted so quickly into a crisis is that they dealt with the unwritten rules of the constitution, which are seldom discussed in depth even at the best of times and, as a re- sult, are subject to misinterpretation and mis- representation in times of conflict. The tension was compounded by the unprecedented nature of much of what transpired. Without clear and easy parallels to similar crises in the past, the public and their advisors in the media were left confused as to what was or was not the proper course of action. Nevertheless, there were clear constitutional principles at play that would have been able to give better direction to the Gover- nor General and the Prime Minister if they had been heeded.
THE TRICKSTER: INTEGRAL TO A DISTINCTIVE CULTURE
Authors: Borrows John
Published: June 2017

THE TRICKSTER: INTEGRAL TO A DISTINCTIVE CULTURE
THE AGENDA FOR CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM
Authors: Meekison Peter
Published: June 2017

THE AGENDA FOR CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM
CUSTOMS CENSORSHIP AND THE CHARTER: THE LITTLE SISTERS CASE
Authors: Cossman Brenda , Ryder Bruce
Published: June 2017

CUSTOMS CENSORSHIP AND THE CHARTER: THE LITTLE SISTERS CASE
Annotated Notes: Gang of Eight Ministers of Intergovernmental Affairs Meeting June 4, 1981 — Winnipeg
Authors: Leeson Howard
Published: June 2017

On June 4, 1981, a meeting was held in Winnipeg by the ministers of intergovernmental affairs for the eight provinces that were opposing the federal government’s plan on patriation. Their intentions were to review the various elements of the plan to stop patriation from taking place.Below are my notes of that meeting. They have been altered somewhat in order to make them more understandable. The original notes as I recorded them are in italics. Explanatory notes follow in standard type within brackets to provide background and/or to clarify the comments by the Ministers.
LE DOSSIER CONSTITUTIONNEL : PERSPECTIVES DE CHANGEMENT*
Authors: Ryan Claude
Published: June 2017

Ayant suivi avec attention l’évolution du dossier constitutionnel depuis le référendum tenu au Québec en octobre 1995, j’accueille avec plaisir l’occasion que nous fournit ce colloque de l’Institut de recherche en politiques publiques de mettre en commun les impressions et les conclusions que nous pouvons en retenir.
Reforming the Upper House: Lessons from Britain
Authors: Levy Gary
Published: June 2017

For nearly two decades Britain has been engagedin some of the most ambitious constitutional andparliamentary reforms since the Reform Acts ofthe nineteenth century. Reform in the House ofLords alone has produced six White Papers, oneRoyal Commission, and dozens more parliamentaryvotes and reports by the House of Commons,the House of Lords and the joint committees.Canadians have watched these developmentswith particular interest, since many of the issuesdebated - the legitimacy of an Upper House,election versus appointment, and qualifi cationsfor membership - are similar to those discussedhere. Yet before looking at possible lessons forCanada we need to refl ect upon another question:What is the Westminster Model and whatelements of this model are refl ected in our ownsystem?
RESPECTING DEMOCRATIC ROLES
Authors: McLachlin The Right Honourable Beverley
Published: June 2017

Je suis très contente d’être ici avec vous ce soir1 et d’avoir été invitée à prononcer l’allocution d’ouverture devant cet important auditoire. Il n’arrive pas souvent que les trois pouvoirs de l’État – le législatif, l’exécutif et le judiciaire – se réunissent afin de discuter de leurs responsabilités et de leurs rapports mutuels. There is a lot of confusion about the roles of these branches, to judge from current press. We hear the criticism that the executive is running the country at the expense of Parliament. We are also told that the courts are running the country, at the expense of Parliament and the executive. So where does the truth lie? Quel rôle appartient à chacune de ces institutions?
CANADA AND QUEBEC PLAYING CONSTITUTIONAL CHICKEN: THE VIEW FROM AN AUSTRALIAN PEDESTRIAN
Authors: Craven Greg
Published: June 2017

CANADA AND QUEBEC PLAYING CONSTITUTIONAL CHICKEN: THE VIEW FROM AN AUSTRALIAN PEDESTRIAN
A Time for Boldness? Exploring the Space for Senate Reform
Authors: Burton Michael , Patten Steve
Published: June 2017

It was thirty years ago this past March that Alberta’s Select Special Committee on Upper HouseReform released its influential 1985 report that helped to reframe discussions on Senate reformand popularize proposals for a “Triple-E” Senate. The Committee’s report built on the work ofa Canada West Foundation task force that argued eff ective regional representation in Parliament requires a Senate that is equal (in terms of provincial representation), elected, and effective (in terms of its legislative powers). The Alberta Committee’s Report popularized these ideas and helped to frame the Senate reform debate in terms of commitments to electoral democracy and rebalancing federalism, especially in terms of the representation of territorial interests at the federal level.
Introduction
Authors: Paradis Patricia
Published: June 2017

In September, 2012, the Centre for Constitutional Studies and the Faculty of Law, University of Alberta, in collaboration with the Legal Education Society of Alberta, hosted a day-long Constitutional Symposium for legal practitioners and students of law. Legal academics and practitioners provided stimulating and thought provoking updates on recent jurisprudence in the constitutional area, focussing on Charter sections 2, 7 and 15, the division of powers, aboriginal rights and the Charter and criminal law. Of the twelve papers presented at this Symposium, eight are featured in this Special Issue of the Constitutional Forum.
R. V. BADGER: ONE STEP FORWARD AND TWO STEPS BACK?
Authors: Bell Catherine
Published: June 2017

R. V. BADGER: ONE STEP FORWARD AND TWO STEPS BACK?
SOME DRAWBACKS OF THE POLITICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
Authors: Pocklington TC
Published: June 2017

SOME DRAWBACKS OF THE POLITICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
Annotated Notes: NDP Leaders Meeting - February 18, 1981
Authors: Leeson Howard
Published: June 2017

The following is an edited version of the notes taken by the author at the New Democratic Party (NDP) Leaders’ meeting on Wednesday, February 18, 1981 in Calgary, Alberta. The original hand written notes are available in the archives at the University of Alberta.
ALBERTA'S SEAT BELT LAW REINSTATED
Authors: Elman Bruce
Published: June 2017

ALBERTA'S SEAT BELT LAW REINSTATED
ADLER V. ONTARIO: THE TROUBLING LEGACY OF A COMPROMISE
Authors: Corbett Stan
Published: June 2017

ADLER V. ONTARIO: THE TROUBLING LEGACY OF A COMPROMISE
Some Pedagogical Reflections
Authors: Kodar Freya
Published: June 2017

It is always more challenging, and a little nerve-wracking, to deliver an instructional unit someone else has pulled together, even when there has been significant discussion amongst, and input from, the instructional team. This was particularly so for the Insite unit because we were using some “unconventional” texts and teaching methodologies. The material under discussion was both intellectually and personally challenging for many, and it was our first time delivering it. I offer some reflections as a member of the teaching team on the ways in which these particular challenges together produced a rich and exciting unit to teach, and if the student feedback is any indication, provided a significant learning experience.