bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Filogeni dan Uji Potensi Enzim Ekstraseluler (amilase, β-galaktosidase, protease, katalase) Isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. Gedong Songo
Authors: Suhartanti Mahreta , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Aminin Agustina L. N.
Published: May 2019

Penelitian terdahulu pada sumber air panas Gedong Songo, telah diisolasi 5 isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. yaitu: ATSae10, ANBae10, AYTae7, AYTae31 dan AYTae33 dengan kondisi pertumbuhan 55°C dan pH 4. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan pohon filogeni dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai potensi enzim ekstraseluler ketiga isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. yang meliputi amilase, β-galaktosidase, protease dan katalase. Konstruksi pohon filogeni dilakukan menggunakan program Phylip 3.68 ed dengan metode parsimony. Uji potensi enzim ekstraseluler isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. dilakukan secara kualitatif. Uji aktifitas amilase menggunakan amilum sebagai substrat, uji aktifitas β-galaktosidase menggunakan ONPG sebagai substrat dan pada uji protease menggunakan gelatin sebagai substrat. Uji katalase dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan melihat adanya gelembung O2 yang dihasilkan oleh aktifitas katalase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. (AYTae7, AYTae31 dan AYTae33) berada dalam satu kelompok kekerabatan dan mempunyai tingkat kekerabatan terdekat dengan Alicyclobacillus sp. KI, Alicyclobacillus sp. T127, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius strain DSM 454 dan Uncultured bacterium clone351. Ketiga isolat Alicyclobacillus sp. memiliki enzim termostabil ekstraseluler amilase dan β-galaktosidase.
Pembuatan dan Penentuan Nilai Efisiensi Sel Surya Berpewarna Tersensitisasi dengan Senyawa Antosianin dari Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai Pewarna Pensensitisasi
Authors: Suryadi Joko , Gunawan Gunawan , Haris Abdul
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan dan penentuan nilai efisiensi DSSC dengan senyawa antosianin dari kulit buah manggis sebagai pewarna pensensitisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rancangan DSSC, mengkarakterisasi penyusunnya dan menentukan nilai efisiensinya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan elektroda kerja (working electrode) dari lapis tipis TiO2 yang mengadsorb antosianin kulit buah manggis, elektroda perlawanan (counter electrode) dari karbon dan elektrolit I-/I3- sebagai pasangan redoks. Karakterisasi DSSC meliputi kristalinitas TiO2, ukuran rongga dan ketebalan lapis tipis TiO2, serapan panjang gelombang maksimum zat pewarna, analisis gugus fungsi antosianin serta ikatan antara TiO2 dengan molekul antosianin. Nilai efisensi DSSC ditentukan dengan metode kurva arus dan tegangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakterisasi masing-masing penyusun DSSC telah memenuhi syarat sebagai rancangan DSSC dan nilai efisiensi rancangan DSSC adalah sebesar 2,2 x 10-3 %.
Uji Aktivitas Trichoderma Viride dalam Hidrolisis Selulosa Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) dengan Variasi Temperatur dan Waktu Inkubasi
Authors: Setyani Wirnia Sinar , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Mulyani Nies Suci
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan pengujian aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan variasi temperatur dan waktu inkubasi untuk memperoleh temperatur dan waktu inkubasi optimum. Aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada kemampuan enzim selulase yang dihasilkan untuk memecah ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa dalam eceng gondok dan diamati berdasarkan banyaknya glukosa yang dihasilkan sebagai hasil reaksi hidrolisis. Hasil pengujian aktivitas Trichoderma viride menunjukkan bahwa kadar glukosa paling tinggi diperoleh pada temperatur 35oC dan waktu inkubasi optimum dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
Sintesis Ester Asam Lemak Sukrosa (Face) dari Minyak Zaitun Menggunakan K2CO3 dan Uji Stabilitas Face Sebagai Emulsifier
Authors: Kurniasari Fannie , Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan sintesis ester asam lemak sukrosa (FACE) dari minyak zaitun menggunakan K2CO3 dan uji stabilitas FACE sebagai emulsifier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan rasio berat optimum K2CO3 terhadap metil ester asam lemak dalam sintesis ester asam lemak sukrosa (FACE) dan menentukan stabilitas FACE sebagai emulsifier. Sintesis FACE dapat dilakukan melalui pembentukan metil ester asam lemak (FAME) terlebih dahulu. Selanjutnya, FAME direaksikan dengan sukrosa menggunakan katalis basa K2CO3 dan menghasilkan FACE. Sintesis FACE dilakukan dengan variasi rasio berat katalis K2CO3 terhadap FAME 1,5%, 3%, 4,5%, 6%, dan 7,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa banyaknya katalis dapat mempengaruhi FACE yang dihasilkan. Kondisi optimum FACE terjadi pada hasil sintesis dengan rasio berat K2CO3 terhadap FAME 6%, mempunyai derajat transesterifikasi tertinggi sebesar 0,7984 dan memiliki stabilitas emulsi yang paling stabil sebesar 304,14 detik.
Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Toksisitas Senyawa Steroid dalam Ekstrak Kloroform Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn)
Authors: Putra Candra Dewa Pramana , Fachriyah Enny , Kusrini Dewi
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan isolasi, identifikasi dan uji toksisitas steroid dari ekstrak kloroform daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn.). Steroid diisolasi dengan metode sokletasi dari daun ketapang yang sudah menguning menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Pemisahan ekstrak kloroform dilakukan dengan metode KLT dan kromatografi kolom. Uji toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pemurnian dilakukan menggunakan metode KLT preparatif. Kemurnian diuji menggunakan KLT dengan berbagai pelarut dan KLT 2 dimensi. Analisis senyawa steroid lebih lanjut menggunakan metode GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak kloroform mengandung senyawa golongan steroid, triterpenoid dan flavonoid. Pemisahan dengan metode kromatografi kolom menghasilkan 11 fraksi (fraksi A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J dan K). Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kloroform mempunyai potensi sebagai pestisida dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 775,90 ppm dan hasil fraksi kolom C berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dengan harga LC50 99,43 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil penapisan fitokimia, fraksi C mengandung senyawa steroid. Pemisahan steroid dari fraksi C dilakukan dengan menggunakan KLT preparatif. Data spektrogram massa dari hasil preparatif dari noda pada Rf 0,125 menunjukkan senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya adalah norethisterone dan drostanolone propionate.
Pemurnian NaCl dengan Penambahan Bahan Pengikat Impurities pada Garam Krosok dan Garam Kuwu dengan Rekristalisasi Secara Penguapan dan Penambahan Gas HCl
Authors: Murni Dewi Anggia , Gunawan Gunawan , Hastuti Rum
Published: May 2019

Garam meja adalah aditif pokok yang digunakan untuk memenuhi makanan sehari-hari dan sebagai bahan baku industri. Pemisahan garam dari kotoran masih menjadi masalah terutama ion pengotor Ca2+ dan Mg2+. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan metode penguapan dan pengendapan dengan penambahan gas HCl pada pemurnian garam dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan amonium karbonat (NH4)2CO3 dalam penghilangan ion Ca2+ dan Mg2+ dalam pemurnian garam. Metode terbaik ditentukan dengan membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh antara metode penguapan garam dan metode pengendapan dengan penambahan gas HCl, yang sebelumnya telah direkristalisasi dengan menambahkan pengikat pengotor seperti CaO, Ba(OH)2 dan (NH4)2CO3. Penghilangan Ca2+ dan Mg2+ dilakukan dengan menambahkan (NH4)2CO3 dengan variasi volume 0,8; 1,6; 2,4; 3,2 dan 4 mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian dengan metode penambahan gas HCl menghasilkan kadar NaCl yang lebih tinggi yaitu 99,52% (garam krosok) dan 99,25% (garam Bledug kuwu) sedangkan metode penguapan menghasilkan 98,53% (garam krosok) dan 98,70% (Bledug kuwu garam). Konsentrasi pengotor Ca2+ dan Mg2+ terendah diperoleh pada penambahan (NH4)2CO3 yaitu 3,2 ml 8,6 ppm (garam krosok) dan 9,04 ppm Ca2+ (garam Bledug kuwu). Konsentrasi Mg2+ adalah 5,6 ppm (garam krosok) dan 7,36 ppm (garam Bledug kuwu).
Pengaruh Penambahan Surfaktan pada Sintesis Zeolit Y Menggunakan Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) sebagai Sumber Silika
Authors: Nurlaela Alfi , Sriatun Sriatun , Pardoyo Pardoyo
Published: May 2019

Zeolit alam mempunyai ukuran pori yang beragam antara 3 Å hingga 8 Å, sehingga tidak efektif untuk mengadsorpsi senyawa yang berukuran besar. Zeolit sintetik (zeolit Y) dikembangkan untuk mengatasi kelemahan dari zeolit alam. Zeolit Y dapat disintesis dengan Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) sebagai sumber silika dan surfaktan sebagai pencetak pori. Surfaktan dapat mengarahkan struktur zeolit menjadi pori yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh zeolit Y sintetik dan mengkaji pengaruh surfaktan Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) dan Trimethylammonium Chloride (TMACl) terhadap kristanilitas dan ukuran pori zeolit Y. Sintesis zeolit Y dilakukan dengan mencampurkan natrium aluminat, surfaktan dan TEOS. Perbandingan mol natrium aluminat:TEOS adalah 1:1 sedangkan konsentrasi surfaktan 1 M. Struktur dan kristalinitas zeolit Y dianalisis menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Sedangkan morfologi pori zeolit Y dianalisis menggunakan adsorpsi gas N2 dengan persamaan BET. Hasil karakterisasi XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan sampel MC (tanpa penambahan surfaktan) merupakan zeolit Y, sedangkan sampel MA (penambahan surfaktan CTAB) dan MB (penambahan surfaktan TMACl) merupakan campuran zeolit HS dan NAS. Sampel MC memiliki kristalinitas tertinggi sedangkan sampel MB paling rendah. Radius pori rata-rata sampel MA, MB dan MC berturut-turut adalah 13,770 Å; 14,029 Å dan 12,962 Å. Sehingga disimpulkan bawah penambahan surfaktan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ukuran pori.
Pengaruh Ligan NH3 pada Pengambilan Logam Tembaga dari Serpihan Sisa Produksi Kuningan Kabupaten Pati Secara Elektrolisis
Authors: Hermayanti Santi , Widodo Didik Setiyo , Hastuti Rum
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh ligan NH3 pada pengambilan logam tembaga dari serpihan sisa produksi kuningan Kabupaten Pati secara elektrolisis. Serpihan sisa produksi kuningan mengandung logam mayor yakni tembaga(Cu), seng(Zn), dan logam minor yakni Timbal(Pb), dan Timah (Sn). Penambahan ligan tertentu dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas endapan. Penelitian ini meliputi 3 langkah, yaitu destruksi serpihan sisa produksi kuningan, elektrolisis dan analisis dengan AAS. Larutan elektrolit yang digunakan adalah larutan hasil destruksi serpihan kuningan yang diencerkan 1000 kali. Variabel penelitian ini adalah waktu elektrolisis yaitu 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit pada sampel tanpa dan dengan penambahan NH3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat endapan 19,54 mg tanpa ligan NH3 dan 20,58 mg dengan ligan NH3 pada waktu elektrolisis 120 menit. Kemurnian endapan tembaga pada waktu elektrolisis 30 menit pada sampel tanpa penambahan NH3 adalah 62,80% dan dengan penambahan NH3 72,46%.
Recovery Logam Krom (VI) Menggunakan Polymer Inclusion Membran (PIM) dengan Senyawa Pembawa Aliquat 336, Topo dan Campuran Aliquat 336-Topo
Authors: Ulfia Khoirin Nita , Khabibi Khabibi , Djunaidi Muhammad Cholid
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang recovery logam krom (VI) menggunakan polymer inclusion membran (PIM) dengan senyawa pembawa aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan PIM, melakukan pemisahan ion krom (VI) menggunakan PIM dengan senyawa tunggal aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO, menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, pengaruh konsentrasi fasa umpan, waktu pengadukan, dan frekuensi pemakaian membran terhadap transpor ion logam krom (VI). Efisiensi pemisahan diketahui dengan menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, menentukan kadar ion krom (VI) dengan variasi konsentrasi fasa umpan, ketebalan membran, dan banyaknya pemakaian membran menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Morfologi permukaan membran dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pada proses transpor, fasa umpan adalah limbah elektroplating yang mengandung logam krom dengan pH 4,4 sedangkan fasa penerima adalah larutan NaCl 2 N dengan pH 6,3. Analisis gugus fungsi komponen penyusun membran dilakukan dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transpor ion logam krom (VI) dipengaruhi oleh senyawa pembawa aliquat 336 dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Keduanya lebih mempengaruhi transpor dibandingkan TOPO saja. Konsentrasi fasa umpan dengan konsentrasi awal 8,5 ppm, waktu pengadukan selama 72 jam, serta pemakaian pertama menghasilkan transpor ion logam terbanyak. Transpor terbanyak yaitu 97,8 % dari fasa umpan dan 76,5 % yang tertranspor ke fasa penerima.
Studi Kemampuan Adsorpsi Zeolit Alam Terdealuminasi terhadap Senyawa Fenol dan 2-Metoksifenol pada Asap Cair Sekam Padi: Eksperimen dan Komputasi AB Initio
Authors: Gressangga Wempie , Suhartana Suhartana , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang studi kemampuan adsorpsi zeolit alam terdealuminasi terhadap senyawa fenol dan 2-metoksifenol pada asap cair sekam padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua pendekatan yaitu eksperimen dan komputasi ab initio. Dealuminasi zeolit dilakukan dengan pengasaman menggunakan asam HCl dan H2SO4. Zeolit alam sebelum dan sesudah didealuminasi dianalisis menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA). Asap cair sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Pemodelan dilakukan pada tingkat teori HF/6-31G** diperoleh energi interaksi terendah antara segmen dimer tetrahedral zeolit rasio Si-Al 2-0 dengan fenol sebesar -19,3313 kkal/mol dan dengan 2-metoksifenol sebesar -22,1246 kkal/mol. Dealuminasi zeolit alam menggunakan asam HCl 6N diperoleh rasio Si/Al tertinggi sebesar 19,2432. Hasil adsorpsi asap cair diperoleh kadar fenol dan 2-metoksifenol terendah ketika diadsorpsi menggunakan zeolit alam dengan rasio Si/Al tertinggi dengan kadar masing-masing 0,52% dan 28,4%. Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi rasio Si/Al mampu meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi senyawa fenol dan 2-metoksifenol pada asap cair sekam padi, melalui hasil pemodelan juga dibuktikan bahwa segmen tetrahedral zeolit rasio Si-Al tertinggi memiliki energi interaksi terendah terhadap molekul fenol dan 2-metoksifenol.
Pemanfaatan Kitosan Termodifikasi Asam Askorbat sebagai Adsorben Ion Logam Besi(III) dan Kromium(III)
Authors: Pramesti Sintya Tunggal , Khabibi Khabibi , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa
Published: May 2019

Penelitian pemanfaatan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat sebagai adsorben ion logam berat, yaitu besi (III) dan kromium (III) telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat, menentukan pH optimum adsorpsi ion Fe(III) dan Cr(III) oleh kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat dengan variasi pH adsorpsi, serta menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat terhadap ion logam Fe(III) dan Cr(III). Derajat deasetilasi kitosan diperoleh menggunakan FTIR. Berat molekul kitosan dihitung menggunakan persamaan Mark-Houwink. Uji kelarutan kitosan dilakukan menggunakan CH3COOH, HNO3 dan HCl. Morfologi permukaan kitosan dikarakterisasi dengan SEM. Adsorpsi ion logam Fe (III) dan Cr (III) dilakukan dalam larutan pH 2-6 dengan melakukan variasi konsentrasi ion logam adalah 50; 100; 150; 200 dan 250 ppm. Ion logam Fe(III) dan Cr (III) yang tidak terserap dianalisis dengan SSA. Penentuan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan isotherm Langmuir. Dari data penelitian diperoleh derajat deasetilasi kitosan adalah 64,74% dan berat molekul sebesar 39966,85 g/mol. Hasil uji kelarutan terhadap kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat menggunakan asam-asam encer seperti CH3COOH, HNO3 dan HCl menunjukkan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat relatif tidak larut terhadap asam-asam encer dibandingkan dengan kitosan beads. Morfologi permukaan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat menunjukkan adanya pori yang menyebar dan tidak beraturan. pH optimum adsorpsi untuk ion logam Fe(III) pada pH 4 dan ion logam Cr(III) pada pH 3. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum Fe(III) sebesar 12,658 mg/g dan 13,157 mg/g untuk logam Cr(III)
Pengaruh pH pada Penurunan Kadar Ion Sianida secara Elektrokimia dengan Elektroda PbO2/Grafit
Authors: Pratama Byan , Widodo Didik Setiyo , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: May 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh pH pada penurunan kadar ion sianida secara elektrokimia dengan elektroda PbO2/grafit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menurunkan kadar sianida dengan metode elektrolisis menggunakan elektroda PbO2/grafit dan mengkaji pengaruh pH terhadap penurunan kadar sianida dalam limbah artificial dengan elektroda PbO2/grafit. Logam PbO2 digunakan sebagai anoda dan grafit sebagai katoda. Elektrolisis dilakukan selama 8 jam disertai pengadukan dan variasi pH dengan potensial aplikasi sebesar 5,0 volt. Variasi pH yang digunakan adalah 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, dan 13 yang diatur dengan penambahan H2SO4 atau NaOH. Analisis sianida dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode spoktrofotometri UV-Vis, sedangkan analisis karbonat dan amoniak dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode elektrolisis dengan elektroda PbO2/grafit mampu menurunkan kadar sianida sampai 100% dan pada pH basa penurunan kadar sianida cenderung meningkat dengan peningkatan pH. Elektrolisis larutan sianida menghasilkan karbonat dan amoniak.
EVALUATION OF LIFE SAFETY TECHNICAL FACILITIES FROM FIRE ON APARTEMENT
Authors: Vividia Yemima Sahmura , Harsritanto Bangun IR
Published: May 2019

Vertical occupancy, especially apartments, began to live the face of the city. Not without reason, housing needs continue to increase sharply as the availability of vacant land is increasingly limited. Occupying an apartment becomes a trend and lifestyle for young people. The reason boils down to productivity. The construction of apartments is usually built close to various activity centers, both business, commercial, education, health to entertainment. The improvement of building construction is not supported by the availability of land that is increasingly limited, especially in the city of Jarakta, making the construction of high-rise buildings anticipate this. The construction of multi-story buildings also increases the risk of fire. In 2018, according to him, there were at least 1,078 recorded disaster events throughout 2018. Head of the Jakarta Fire and Rescue Management Agency, Subedjo, said that out of a total of 897 buildings or tall buildings in Jakarta, 280 tall buildings had not yet accomplished the fire protection system (Dinas, 2018).Therefore, this research needs to be done to evaluate the lifesaving facilities and infrastructure in the building. The application of fire safety in buildings can be evaluated regarding to NFPA 101 (2013). Based on NFPA 101A: Guide on Alternative Approaches for Life Safety (2013), there are 12 elements of safety and Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 26 / PRT / M / 2008 concerning Technical Requirements of Fire Protection Systems in Building Buildings. The building that became the object of research is one of the buildings in the area of Jakarta mentioned building X and building Y. The variables that are the focus of the research are fire stairs, fire doors, and access roads. Based on the results of the study, the level of reliability of the means of saving lives against fire hazards in building X is equal to 58% and in building Y is 65%.
Między paradygmatami. Problemy terminologiczne w przekładzie ofert nieruchomości
Authors: Walkiewicz Barbara
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to present problems translating real estate terms into French. The author analyses translations of real estate with regard to the translator’s terminological precision and its impact on the retention of the basic functions of the original.
Pozycja ustrojowa Parlamentu Gruzji w latach 1990–2013
Authors: Żmigrodzki Marek , Szukalski Jerzy
Published: May 2019

W artykule omówiono zarys problematyki gruzińskiego parlamentaryzmu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem funkcjonowania Parlamentu Gruzji w okresie między 1990 i 2013 rokiem. Autorzy na podstawie zapisów Konstytucji z 1995 roku oraz innych ustaw przedstawili pozycję ustrojową gruzińskiego parlamentu. Nakreślili zasady systemowe i suwerena, omówili kompetencje poszczególnych organów państwa, relacje między prezydentem a rządem, zasady funkcjonowania i całą organizację procesu prawodawczego. Podsumowując należy podkreślić, że pozycja ustrojowa gruzińskiego parlamentu w omawianym okresie jest podobna do funkcjonowania parlamentu w klasycznym systemie prezydenckim.
Personalizacja polityki w świetle wyników badania opinii publicznej. Przegląd wybranych badań
Authors: Antkowiak Paweł , Scheffs Łukasz
Published: May 2019

W demokracjach parlamentarnych, uwidoczniła się tendencja do pokazywania polityki w bardziej spersonalizowany sposób. O ile taki proces faktycznie ma miejsc, o tyle kryteria w oparciu o które wyborcy podejmują decyzje dotyczące głosowania nie sąjasne. Można bowiem przypuszczać, że wyborcy bardziej podatni na proces personalizacji będą podejmować decyzję w oparciu o kryteria związane z opinią na temat niepolitycznych cech danego przywódcy. Czy pewnym jest jednak, że na podstawie powierzchownej oceny imagu lidera dokonają właściwego wyboru? Czy głosując uwzględnią także bardziej racjonalne kryteria, takie choćbyjak: kompetencje do rozwiązywania ważnych problemów, czy zdolności przywódcze?
Stosunki polsko-niemieckie i europejskie kryzysy
Authors: Malinowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2019

Stosunki polsko-niemieckie charakteryzuje dobra współpraca. Dysponują one wysokim potencjałem kooperacji i mogłyby się stać się jeszcze bliższe. Kryzys w strefie euro zwłaszcza w okresie polskiej prezydencji w UE zbliżył Warszawę i Berlin. Jednak obecny konflikt z Rosja przyniósł komplikacje. Paradoksalnie może on przyczynić się do lepszego zrozumienia przez Niemcy polskich oczekiwań w zakresie polityki bezpieczeństwa. Z polskiego punktu widzenia partnerstwo z Niemcami podlega obecnie ważnemu sprawdzianowi w ramach Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego. Niemcy starają się wyjść naprzeciw polskim postulatom, angażując się w tworzenie szpicy NATO i zacieśnianie kontaktów wojskowych. Stosunki polsko - niemieckie jeszcze długo będą uwarunkowane charakterem niemieckiego przywództwa i nie do końca zdefiniowaną rolą Polski w UE.
Prawomocność bez legitymizacji asymetrycznego parlamentu. Przyspieszone wybory parlamentarne w Macedonii w 2014 r.
Authors: Mikucka-Wójtowicz Dominika
Published: May 2019

Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony analizie przedterminowych wyborów parlamentarnych w Macedonii, które odbyły się 27 kwietnia 2014 roku. Ich głównym inicjatorem była reprezentująca interesy mniejszości albańskiej DUI, która dotychczas pełniła rolę koalicjanta rządzącej VMRO-DPMNE premiera Nikoli Gruevskiego. Kością niezgody, która doprowadziła do przedterminowej elekcji, była odmowa poparcia przez działaczy DUI kandydatury wspieranego przez konserwatystów i ubiegającego się o reelekcję szefa państwa - Borde Ivanova. Mimo to po wyborach doszło do odnowienia dotychczas rządzącej koalicji. Natomiast główny rywal VMRO-DPMNE - SDSM nie uznała ich wyników i konsekwentnie od kilku miesięcy odmawia objęcia zdobytych mandatów.
Prasa polska wobec zaangażowania Niemiec i Francji w kryzys polityczny na Ukrainie (luty-maj 2014)
Authors: Barabasz Adam
Published: May 2019

W artykule zaprezentowano opinie publicystów prasy polskiej na temat zaangażowania Niemiec i Francji w konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński w 2014 roku. W artykule oceniono także postawę Unii Europejskiej (w tym Niemiec i Francji) wobec działań Kremla sprowadzających się do aneksji Krymu i destabilizacji regionu. Oceniono również ewentualne skutki wprowadzenia przez społeczność międzynarodową sankcji ekonomicznych i politycznych wobec Rosji.
Fabrication of the large-area flexible transparent heaters using electric-field-driven jet deposition micro-scale 3D printing
Authors: Zhou Hefei , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Hongke , Lan Hongbo
Published: May 2019

In order to realize the mass production of the large-area flexible transparent film heater (FTFH) at low-cost, this paper presents a novel method which can achieve the direct fabrication of the large-area FTFH with Ag-grid by using an electric-field-driven jet deposition micro-scale 3D printing. The effects of the line width and the pitch of the printed Ag-grids on the optical transmittance and the sheet resistance are revealed. A typical FTFH with area of 80 mm × 60 mm, optical transmittance of 91.5% and sheet resistance of 4.7 Ω sq−1 is fabricated by the nano-silver paste with a high silver content (80 wt.%) and high viscosity (up to 20 000 mPa · s). Temperature-time response profiles and heating temperature distribution show that the heating performance of the FTFH has good thermal and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the adhesive force grade between the Ag-grid and the PET substrate measured to be 4B by 3M scotch tape. Therefore, the FTFH fabricated here is expected to be widely used in industry, such as window defroster of vehicles and display or touch screens owing to its striking characteristics of large area and low cost fabrication.
Learning Korean honorifics through individual and collaborative writing tasks and written corrective feedback
Authors: Cho Hyejin , Kim YouJin
Published: May 2019

To date, the majority of task-based instructed second language acquisition studies have investigated the effects of tasks on second language morphosyntactic development, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of dialogic tasks on the learning of pragmatics in classroom contexts (Plonsky, L. & Y. Kim. 2016. Task-based learner production: A substantive and methodological review. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 36. 73–97). The present study is a partial replication study of Taguchi and Kim (2016. Collaborative dialogue in learning pragmatics: Pragmatic-related episodes as an opportunity for learning request-making. Applied Linguistics 37. 416–437) and aims to compare learning outcomes between collaborative and individual task groups while written corrective feedback is provided.

Thirty-two high beginner learners of Korean from two classes participated in this study. Each class was randomly assigned to either a collaborative or an individual group to complete e-mail writing tasks. In the collaborative group, students wrote e-mails with a partner, whereas the individual group wrote e-mails independently to introduce their professors during study abroad using four types of Korean honorifics. Both groups received indirect corrective feedback on honorifics used during task performance. Written description tests (WDT) were designed to investigate the short-term and long-term learning of Korean honorifics in line with the instructional tasks. Students’ responses on the WDT were analyzed in terms of the number of suppliance and accurate production of each target feature. Students’ responses to teacher feedback were analyzed using the following categories: resolved correctly, resolved incorrectly, and unresolved.

The results showed that there was no significant difference in the production of target features during task performance when indirect WCF was provided to both conditions. Furthermore, both groups significantly outperformed in the immediate and delayed posttest than the pretest. However, the results found no difference in learning of Korean honorifics between the two groups.
Gap Effects in a Rheometrical Flow of a Hydrophobically Associating Polymer Solution: Apparent Slip or Material Instability?
Authors: Aubry Thierry , Blonce Louis , Moan Michel
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study gap effects and apparent slip phenomena in a torsional flow of a moderately concentrated hydrophobically modified associative polymer solution.Slip is investigated by varying the gap between concentric parallel disks, and the plate surface roughness.The onset of apparent slip is shown to occur when the associative network is destroyed, and the slip velocity to increase with increased shear stresses in the strong shear-thinning region of the flow curve.The apparent slip phenomenon is shown to be due to the associative character of the polymer solution; it has been attributed to the existence of clusters of associating polymers (microgels),which behave like soft particles in a low viscous dispersing medium once the associative network is destroyed.Apparent slip can be eliminated by using measuring plates with roughness of about 100µm, that is of the order of the characteristic size of the microgels.
Fluid Immobilization – A Structure-Related Key Mechanism for the Viscous Flow Behavior of Concentrated Suspension Systems
Authors: Windhab Erich J.
Published: May 2019

The role of fluid immobilization (FIM) is not only of great importance for solid food systems with respect to their stability, but is also a crucial factor for the rheological behaviour of suspension systems [1]. Besides the fluid binding mechanisms known for porous solids an additional hydro-dynamically induced fluid immobilization (HIFI) is of importance for suspensions in flow. The contribution of the HIFI-mechanism is taken into account by a particle or aggregate shape factor, which for non-spherical or non-cube-like shapes depends additionally on the orientation in the flow field. In many food suspension systems sphere- or cube-like particles with hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties build aggregates in the watery and/or fat continuous phases. Such particle aggregates are characterised by different surface and volume FIM-properties. The fluid fraction which is immobilized at the surface fsif depends on surface characteristics like fluid adhesion, interfacial tension and roughness. The volume related immobilized fluid fraction fvif depends on porosity, pore size distribution or packing density.
Well-Characterized Low Viscosity Elastic Liquids
Authors: Harrison Graham M. , Boger D. V.
Published: May 2019

A series of low and constant viscosity elastic liquids are constructed and are studied rheologically. Steady shear viscosity and normal stresses, dynamic properties, and an apparent extensional viscosity are measured using well-established techniques. The rheological characteristics of the solution are used to help explain the physical basis for non-Newtonian phenomena in short time scale processes such as jet breakup, splash, spray atom-isation and swirling flow. It is demonstrated that even when the shear viscosity is maintained at a constant value, significant differences occur in processes due to the differences in the elasticity of the fluids. Some implications for these observations are discussed. The paper is an overview on our work on elastic effects in the flow of low viscosity fluids. It reflects the verbal presentation made at the Professor John D. Ferry Symposium at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Rheology.
Fourier-Transform-Rheology on linear polystyrene melts
Authors: Neidhöfer T. , Wilhelm M. , Spiess H.W.
Published: May 2019

Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) was applied to a linear polymer melt in order to study the mechanical harmonic generation in the nonlinear regime. In the nonlinear regime mechanical harmonics at 3w1, 5w1, etc. are generated under oscillatory shear with a shear frequency w1. These higher harmonics can be analysed with respect to frequencies, amplitudes and phase if the time data of the torque is Fourier transformed. This experimental method (FT-Rheology) permits therefore to quantify the mechanical nonlinearities if sinusoidal shear rates are applied.

This article describes the basic idea of this experimental method as well as the application to different anionically polymerized polystyrene melts. The dependence of the nonlinear, rheological properties with respect to the molecular weight Mn, the applied strain g0, the frequency w1 and the temperature was investigated. In addition to simple nonlinear theories we could also observe even harmonics at 2w1, 4w1, etc. in the FT-rheology spectra. The appearance of even harmonics was correlated with the appearance of a more complex nonlinear behaviour.
Correlation of Dynamic and Steady Flow Viscosities of Food Materials
Authors: Yu Chenxu , Gunasekaran Sundaram
Published: May 2019

Eight commercial foods representing a wide range of viscosities (i.e. honey, condensed milk, mayonnaise, tomato ketchup, cream cheese, yogurt, process and Mozzarella cheeses) were investigated. Their steady shear viscosity and dynamic complex viscosity were determined by rheological measurements at two temperatures using a Bohlin-CVO rheometer. Based on experimental data, shear rate dependence of steady flow apparent viscosity and frequency dependence of dynamic viscosity was established and compared. It was determined that for condensed milk, tomato ketchup and mayonnaise, a modified Cox-Merz relation could be established. For cream cheese, a generalized Cox-Merz relation was proposed; and for yogurt, a deviation from the Cox-Merz rule was found. For Mozzarella and process cheeses a sharp drop in steady shear viscosity was noticed between 1~10 s-1 shear rate range. The Cox-Merz rule was not applicable for these cheese samples.
Temperature Dependent Flow Properties of Powder Injection Moulding Compounds
Authors: Honek Tomas , Hausnerova Berenika , Saha Petr
Published: May 2019

The temperature dependent flow properties of highly filled polymer compounds intended for production of hard-metal parts by powder injection moulding (PIM) technology were studied. The pure binder based on polyethylene, ethylene and butyl acrylate block copolymer and paraffin, and its compounds with hard-metal carbide powder (up to 55 vol. %) were prepared by melt mixing at 180˚C. The flow properties were investigated at the temperature range from 140˚C to 200˚C using capillary rheometer operating flow at a constant piston speed. The measure of temperature sensitivity of PIM compounds, activation energy of shear flow, decreases with powder loading and shear rate. The Arrhenius relation for these materials is only valid in the stable flow region. At the temperatures above 170˚C the compounds filled with 45 vol. % carbide powder and higher exhibit an unstable flow of pressure oscillations type at the shear rates above 103 s-1. The onset of pressure oscillations is strongly affected by temperature. The relation between critical shear stress for the onset of pressure oscillations and temperature is non-linear.
On the Influence of Concentration on the Rheology of Polymer Solutions: Can Scaling Laws Be Found?
Authors: Nogueiro A. J. , Maia J. M.
Published: May 2019

The present work is concerned with the study of the rheology of polymer solutions spanning different concentration regimes and originates from a former round-robin research programme on this subject, the S1 project, involving a number of research groups and institutions. The base fluid for this programme was the so-called S1 fluid, which is a 2.5% w/w solution of Polyisobutylene (PIB) in a solvent consisting of a mixture of polybutene oil and dekalin. In this paper a set of solutions having different concentrations of PIB are studied in steady shear, oscillatory shear and in axi-symmetrical contraction flows. The focus of the study is on the possibility of finding concentration scaling laws for polymer solutions spanning each or several of the concentration regimes. The results in shear flows show that it is possible to find scaling laws both for temperature and concentration in all regimes. Extensional results show that the curves superimpose within each concentration regime, but not over the whole range of concentrations. Accordingly, concentration scaling laws were then found for both shear and extension, the latter depending on the concentration regime: dilute, semi-dilute or concentrated.
Dynamic Rheological Properties of Concentrated Chitosan Soltions
Authors: Martínez-Ruvalcaba A. , Chornet E. , Rodrigue D.
Published: May 2019

A detailed analysis of the dynamic flow properties of chitosan in solution at different temperatures (25 - 45°C), chitosan concentration (0.5% - 2.0%), solvent type (acetic, lactic, and hydrochloric acid), and ionic strength (0 and 0.2M NaCl) has been undertaken. The storage modulus, G’, loss modulus, G’’ and complex viscosity, η* have been determined over a wide range of frequencies and the results are presented using master curves. For the conditions studied, at low frequencies chitosan solutions show a constant complex viscosity which decreases as frequency increases. Likewise, storage modulus, G’ and loss modulus, G’’ increase as frequency increases with G’’ being always greater than G’ (η’ > η’’) indicating that viscous effects are more important than elastic effects. For modelling the oscillatory-shear results we used the generalized Maxwell model. Two empirical equations were used to correlate the data: Cox-Merz rule for viscosity and Laun's rule for primary normal stress difference. Both relations were found to represent our data for the experimental conditions studied.
Particle Fluid Separation in Shear Flow of Dense Suspensions: Experimental Measurements on Squeezed Clay Pastes
Authors: Roussel Nicolas , Lanos Christophe
Published: May 2019

Particle fluid separation is studied in the case of slow squeezing flow of dense clay suspensions. The fluid pressure gradient generated by the test induces heterogeneity in the sample. Experimental water content measurements at different time points through the test allow the quantification of this separation phenomenon. The problem equations are written in the case of purely extensional flow. Based on Terzaghi principle, Darcy’s law and a Cam Clay type constitutive equation, the influence of the permeability function on the predicted void ratio evolution is studied. It is then shown that a certain water amount is strongly linked to the grains and cannot be extracted from the sample using simple compression. This critical water amount is then taken in account in the permeability function in order to predict the compression load through the test.
Characterisation of the Structure and Flow Behaviour of Model Chocolate Systems by Means of NMR and Rheology
Authors: Götz Joachim , Balzer Hartmut , Hinrichs Ruth
Published: May 2019

In order to characterise the structure and flow behaviour of model chocolate systems Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and rheometry were used to determine the T1 - and T2 - NMR relaxation times and their corresponding flow functions. T1 and T2 characterise the molecular mobility of fluids and correlate with both the zero-shear-rate and infinity viscosity of various chocolate model systems (determined with rotational rheometry and capillary rheometry). Based on this correlation, NMR provides the possibility to determine characteristic viscosities of chocolate masses by means of NMR-relaxation experiments. The viscosities of chocolate masses are important process parameters, as they are used for quality control of the production process. An online process viscosimetry via T2 relaxation would allow the installation of an efficient process control and, thus, a process automation. This NMR application with comparatively short measuring times is especially interesting for disperse systems where the use of conventional rheometric techniques may cause large errors. The only prerequisite for the measurement of the viscosities using NMR is a previous calibration. This was performed with the help of rotational and capillary rheometry. The NMR self-diffusion experiments are especially appropriate to characterise the influence of emulsifiers on the structure and the flow behaviour of chocolate masses.
Dynamic Rheological Analysis of MLVs and Lamellar Phases in the System C12E4 / D2O
Authors: Coppola Luigi , Nicotera Isabella , Oliviero Cesare
Published: May 2019

The mechanical properties of the lamellar phase, La, of the system C12E4/D2O were studied along an isoplethal path (30 wt% C12E4) in the temperature range 10 - 60°C. A dynamic analysis was determined by small strain oscillatory rheometry. The multilamellar vesicles (“MLVs”) (“onions”) were transformed by shearing the lamellar phase. The micellar phase was investigated by steady and dynamic rheological experiments. The micellar aggregate size increases slightly upon heating and the transition from micelles to lamellae appears to be a first order transition. The mechanical spectra of the lamellar phase show a strong dependence of the moduli on the frequency. This is typical of defective lamellar phases. They are different from MLVs mechanical spectra. The MLVs viscous and storage moduli are almost independent from the frequency and they exhibit the characteristics of a strong gel. The temperature of formation of the MLVs phase influences the mechanical properties of the MLVs. Three different packing states of the MLVs phase were observed in the temperature range 25 - 55°C.
Genomic study via chromosomal microarray analysis in a group of Romanian patients with obesity and developmental disability/intellectual disability
Authors: Micleaa Diana , Al-Khzouza Camelia , Osan Sergiu , Bucerzan Simona , Cret Victoria , Popp Radu Anghel , Puiu Maria , Chirita-Emandi Adela , Zimbru Cristian , Ghervan Cristina
Published: May 2019

Background

Obesity with developmental disability/intellectual disability (DD/ID) is the most common association in syndromic obesity. Genomic analysis studies have allowed the decipherment of disease aetiology, both in cases of syndromic obesity as well as in cases of isolated or syndromic DD/ID. However, more data are needed to further elucidate the link between the two. The aim of this pangenomic study was to use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technology to determine the copy number variant (CNV) type and frequency associated with both obesity and DD/ID.

Methods

Thirty-six patients were recruited from the Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, in Cluj-Napoca, Romania during the period 2015–2017. The main inclusion criterion was a diagnosis that included both obesity and DD/ID. Genomic analysis via SNP array technology was performed.

Results

Out of the 36 patients, 12 (33%) presented CNVs with a higher degree of pathogenicity (A group) and 24 (66%) presented benign CNVs (B group). The SNP array results for the A group were as follows: pathogenic CNVs in 8/12 patients (67%); variants of unknown significance (VOUS) in 2/12 patients (16%); and uniparental disomy (UPD) in 2/12 patients (16%).

Conclusions

Some of these CNVs have already been observed in patients with both obesity and DD/ID, but the others were noticed only in DD/ID patients and have not been described until now in association with obesity.
Total gestational weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia by pre-pregnancy body mass index categories: a population-based cohort study from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Premru-Srsen Tanja , Kocic Zorana , Fabjan Vodusek Vesna , Geršak Ksenija , Verdenik Ivan
Published: May 2019

Background

Identifying the risk factors for preeclampsia (PE) is essential for the implementation of preventive actions. In the present study, we aimed at exploring the association between total gestational weight gain (GWG) and PE.

Methods

We performed a population-based cohort survey of 98,820 women with singleton pregnancies who delivered in Slovenia from 2013 to 2017. Aggregated data were obtained from the National Perinatal Information System (NPIS). The main outcome measure was the incidence of PE. The main exposure variable was total GWG standardized for the gestational duration by calculating the z-scores. The associations between total GWG and PE stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories adjusted for a variety of covariates were determined using multivariable logistic regression. We calculated the crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval using a two-way test.

Results

Excessive GWG was associated with increased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories. The increase in the odds of PE by 445% was the highest in underweight women and by 122% was the lowest in obese women. Low GWG was associated with decreased odds of PE in all pre-pregnancy BMI categories except in normal-weight women with a GWG below −2 standard deviation (SD) and underweight women. The decrease in the odds of PE by 67% was the highest in obese women and by 41% was the lowest in normal-weight women.

Conclusion

Excessive GWG is a significant risk factor for PE, especially in underweight women, while low GWG is an important protective factor against PE, especially in obese women.
Context-Based Roles and Competencies of Data Curators in Supporting Research Data Lifecycle Management: Multi-Case Study in China
Authors: Fan Zhenjia
Published: May 2019

Focusing on the main research question of what the critical roles and competencies of data curation are in supporting research data life cycle management, this paper adopts a multi-case study method, with data governance frameworks, to analyze stakeholders and data curators, and their competencies, based on different contexts from cases from enterprises and academic libraries in mainland China. Via the context and business analysis on different cases, critical roles such as data supervisor, data steward, and data custodian in guaranteeing data quality and efficiency of data reuse are put forward. Based on the general factor framework summarized via existing literature, suggestions for empowering data curators’ competencies are raised according to the cases. The findings of this paper are as follows: besides digital archiving and preservation, more emphasis should be placed on data governance in the field of data curation. Data curators are closely related but not equivalent to stakeholders of data governance. The different roles of data curators would play their own part in the process of data curation and can be specified as data supervisor, data steward, and data custodian according to given contexts. The roles, competencies, and empowerment strategies presented in this paper might have both theoretical and practical significance for the fields of both data curation and data governance.
Semiconductor infrared plasmonics
Authors: Taliercio Thierry , Biagioni Paolo
Published: May 2019

The coupling between light and collective oscillations of free carriers at metallic surfaces and nanostructures is at the origin of one of the main fields of nanophotonics: plasmonics. The potential applications offered by plasmonics range from biosensing to solar cell technologies and from nonlinear optics at the nanoscale to light harvesting and extraction in nanophotonic devices. Heavily doped semiconductors are particularly appealing for the infrared spectral window due to their compatibility with microelectronic technologies, which paves the way toward their integration in low-cost, mass-fabricated devices. In addition, their plasma frequency can be tuned chemically, optically, or electrically over a broad spectral range. This review covers the optical properties of the heavily doped conventional semiconductors such as Ge, Si, or III–V alloys and how they can be successfully employed in plasmonics. The modeling of their specific optical properties and the technological processes to realize nanoantennas, slits, or metasurfaces are presented. We also provide an overview of the applications of this young field of research, mainly focusing on biosensing and active devices, among the most recent developments in semiconductor plasmonics. Finally, an outlook of further research directions and the potential technological transfer is presented.