bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of things‐enabled intelligent systems for remote chronic disease monitoring
Authors: Tai Yali , Rajawat Anand Singh , Goyal S. B. , Bedi Pradeep , Amannah Constance
Published: December 2023

The possibility of remotely monitoring and managing chronic diseases is made feasible by the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables the collection and analysis of vast amounts of data from various sources such as sensors, devices, and wearables. However, conventional machine learning approaches often encounter difficulties when dealing with IoT data due to its noise, heterogeneity, and high dimensions. In this study, we introduce a novel technique for developing human‐centric intelligent systems for remote monitoring of chronic diseases using deep learning in an IoT context. This technique is capable of handling complex and diverse IoT data, providing accurate and comprehensible predictions and recommendations. We outline a standardized architecture for these systems, comprising of three distinct phases: data acquisition, data processing, and data visualization. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology, we apply it to a case study involving the development and evaluation of a human‐centered intelligent system for remote monitoring of hypertension and diabetic patients, involving real users. Our findings reveal a substantial enhancement in prediction accuracy when employing our proposed hybrid algorithm. When compared to traditional algorithms, our proposed hybrid algorithm exhibits superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 93.5%, surpassing the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) with an accuracy of 88.2%, Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) networks at 90.4%, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) at 91.6%. This improvement in accuracy is critical for ensuring reliable disease monitoring and management, highlighting the effectiveness of our approach. In terms of precision, scalability, and user satisfaction, we demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. Furthermore, we address the social and ethical implications inherent in our methodology and suggest avenues for future research in this domain.
Zingiber officinale extract maximizes the efficacy of simvastatin as a hypolipidemic drug in obese male rats
Authors: Abdelhamid Moustafa Salaheldin , Sherif Mohamed Hassan , Abaza Hazem R. , El‐Maghraby Lamiaa M. M. , Watad Shimaa H. , Awad Ahmed E.
Published: December 2023

Obesity became a serious public health problem with enormous socioeconomic implications among the Egyptian population. The present investigation aimed to explore the efficacy of Zingiber officinale extract as a hypolipidemic agent combined with the commercially well‐known anti‐obesity drug simvastatin in obese rats. Thirty‐five male Wister rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: group I received a standard balanced diet for ten weeks; high‐fat diet was orally administered to rats in groups II–V for ten weeks. From the fifth week to the tenth week, group III orally received simvastatin (40 mg/kg B.W.), group IV orally received Z. officinale root extract (400 mg/kg B.W.), and group V orally received simvastatin (20 mg/kg B.W.) plus Z. officinale extract (200 mg/kg B.W.) separately. Liver and kidney function tests, lipid profiles, serum glucose, insulin, and leptin were determined. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of PPAR‐γ, iNOS, HMG‐CoA reductase, and GLUT‐4 genes was carried out. Caspase 3 was estimated in liver and kidney tissues immunohistochemically. Liver and kidney tissues were examined histologically. The administration of Z. officinale extract plus simvastatin to high‐fat diet‐fed rats caused a significant reduction in the expression of HMG‐coA reductase and iNOS by 41.81% and 88.05%, respectively, compared to highfat diet (HFD)‐fed rats that received simvastatin only. Otherwise, a significant increase was noticed in the expression of PPAR‐γ and GLUT‐4 by 33.3% and 138.81%, respectively, compared to those that received simvastatin only. Immunohistochemistry emphasized that a combination of Z. officinale extract plus simvastatin significantly suppressed caspase 3 in the hepatic tissue of high‐fat diet‐fed rats. Moreover, the best results of lipid profile indices and hormonal indicators were obtained when rats received Z. officinale extract plus simvastatin. Z. officinale extract enhanced the efficiency of simvastatin as a hypolipidemic drug in obese rats due to the high contents of flavonoid and phenolic ingredients.
Nutritional composition and staling properties of gluten‐free bread‐added fermented acorn flour
Authors: Levent Ayşe , Aktaş Kübra
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to improve the nutritional quality of gluten‐free bread with the addition of acorn flour and to determine the characteristics of the final product. Formulations were adjusted with separately non‐fermented and two different fermented acorn flours at different levels (0, 15, 30, and 45%). The breads were assessed in terms of their chemical and physical properties, and their staling characterization was also estimated. Results showed that the fermentation of acorn flour before adding it to the formulation affected some chemical properties, and the addition of increasing amounts of acorn flour generally had a positive effect on the chemical composition. Furthermore, the highest protein, total phenolic content, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, and Fe values were obtained from breads, including fermented acorn flour with chickpea yeast (FAC). However, compared to non‐fermented acorn flour (AF), FAC and fermented acorn flour without chickpea yeast (FA) addition caused decreases in weight and volume of breads. Both crust L* and crumb L* values showed a significant reduction with increased acorn addition levels (from 71.88 and 77.22 to 42.26 and 41.15, respectively). The highest initial and final hardness values (T0 and T∞) were observed with FAC‐added samples, and Avrami exponent n was higher than 1 for only FAC‐added breads. Although fermented acorn addition had positive effects on the nutritional profile of breads, the sensory properties of the samples were negatively affected.
Exploring the short‐term impact of swapping consumption from standard protein snacks to higher protein snacks on energy intake in social drinkers: Is protein worth a nudge?
Authors: Kwok Alastair , Dordevic Aimee L. , Truby Helen
Published: December 2023

Drinking alcoholic beverages stimulates food intake and contributes to the passive overconsumption of dietary energy. As protein is the most satiating of all the macronutrients, increased levels in snacks taken with alcohol have the potential to minimize excess energy consumption. We hypothesized that swapping consumption from retail‐available standard protein (SP) snacks to higher protein (HP) snack foods would increase satiety and reduce acute food energy intake in social drinkers. A randomized single‐blind crossover trial with 19 healthy participants aged 19–31 years was conducted. Participants attended two separate testing sessions, where they ingested white wine (30 g alcohol) and were offered ad libitum access to either HP snacks with a protein‐fortified dip or SP snacks with a dip. There were no significant differences in mean food mass, food energy intake, or subjective appetite ratings between the high and SP snacks (all p > .05). Mean protein intake was significantly increased with HP snacks compared with standard snacks (p < .001). Plasma glucose median incremental area under the curve and mean peak were significantly higher with the SP snacks (all p < .05) but remained within the reference range. This study demonstrated that consumption of a higher amount of protein after a moderate alcohol dose does not result in a change in food mass and energy intake or promote satiety in healthy young adults. The potential for a simple swap to different snack types is unlikely to bring substantial benefits to social drinkers and reduce passive energy consumption.
A long‐term retrospective analysis of management of cervical cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xuyin , Ding Yan , Zhang Yunqiang , Zhang Ning , Qiu Junjun , Hua Keqin
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aims to describe cervical cancer during pregnancy (CCP) and investigate factors associated with survival outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective matched study included CCP patients from May 2007 to August 2021 and matched non‐pregnant cervical cancer patients (1:2) based on age (±5 years), year at diagnosis (±2 years), histological type and stage (2018 FIGO). The Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the impact of pregnancy and clinicopathologic factors on prognosis.

Results

Thirty‐eight CCP patients (stage IA to IIIC) and 76 non‐pregnant patients were included. Most CCP patients were diagnosed in the first (31.6%) or second (47.4%) trimester. CCP patients had a longer waiting time than non‐pregnant patients. Pregnancy continued in 42.1% (continuation of pregnancy [COP] group) and was terminated in 57.9% (termination of pregnancy [TOP] group) of patients. Survival analysis showed no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) between pregnant and non‐pregnant patients or between the COP and TOP groups. At the end of the follow‐up period (range 12–178 months), 23 children born to CCP patients exhibited normal development.

Conclusion

Pregnancy does not impact cervical cancer prognosis. The oncologic outcomes of the TOP and COP groups were comparable. A pregnancy‐preserving strategy could be considered for managing CCP patients.
Avelumab plus axitinib for translocation renal cell carcinoma: A case series and literature review
Authors: Takahashi Kenta , Kato Renpei , Ikarashi Daiki , Matsuura Tomohiko , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Kanehira Mitsugu , Takata Ryo , Sugimura Jun , Abe Takaya , Obara Wataru
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Patients with translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) have a poor prognosis without standardized treatment.

Case presentation

The first case was of a 72‐year‐old woman who underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for a left renal tumor and was pathologically diagnosed with tRCC. Recurrence was observed in the left retroperitoneal soft tissue. After treatment with avelumab–axitinib, continued progression‐free survival was confirmed at the 90‐week follow‐up. The second case was of a 41‐year‐old woman referred to our hospital and presented with translocation renal cell carcinoma metastasis to a para‐aortic lymph node. After treatment with avelumab–axitinib, continued progression‐free survival was confirmed at the 43‐week follow‐up.

Conclusion

The outcomes of these cases indicate that avelumab–axitinib therapy has a long‐term antitumor effect in some patients with tRCC.
Computational fluid dynamics and artificial neural networks for modelling lined irrigation canals with low‐density polyethylene and cement concrete liners
Authors: Eltarabily Mohamed Galal , Elshaarawy Mohamed Kamel , Elkiki Mohamed , Selim Tarek
Published: December 2023

This study numerically investigated the lining effect on the discharges and seepage losses of five reaches which belong to the El‐Sont Canal, Asyut, Egypt, using FLOW‐3D and Slide2 models, respectively. Two lining materials were considered, cement concrete (CC) and CC with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film. A cost analysis was performed to explore the feasibility of the proposed lining materials. Moreover, a parametric study was conducted by the Slide2 model to investigate the effect of canal geometry and liner properties on seepage losses. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed based on the Slide2 model scenarios to estimate the seepage losses from lined irrigation canals. The results showed that reach the discharge calculated from the FLOW‐3D model increased by 92%–97% and 149%–156%, while the calculated seepage losses from the Slide2 model decreased by 81%–87% and approximately 97% under CC and CC with LDPE film liners, respectively. Cost analysis revealed that the overall cost of CC with LDPE film was higher by 14% than CC. Relying on the importance of saving irrigation water and conveying water to the last reaches, CC with LDPE film is recommended for lining irrigation canals. A parametric study showed that the seepage losses were reduced by more than 96% when the ratio between liner and soil hydraulic conductivities was less than 0.01. A thick liner could maximally decrease the seepage losses by 68%, regardless of the canal geometry. As the developed ANN model showed a close agreement with the Slide2 results with coefficient of determination (R2) and mean squared error values of 0.99 and 0.05, respectively, the ANN model is recommended as a robust and rapid tool for estimating seepage losses from lined irrigation canals.
Adolescents' exposure to community violence and associations with after‐school activities across two samples
Authors: Alers‐Rojas Francheska , Ceballo Rosario , Cranford James A. , Esqueda Ana Patricia , Troncoso Solangel C.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Exposure to community violence (ECV) continues to be a major public health problem among urban adolescents in the United States. We sought to identify subgroups of adolescents' ECV and examine how after‐school activities are related to exposure subgroups across two samples.

Methods

In Study 1 there were 1432 adolescents (Cohort 9 n = 717, Mage = 11, and Cohort 12 n = 715, Mage = 14; 52% boys) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (1994–2002). Study 2 had a more recent sample of 537 adolescents (Mage = 16 years; 54% girls) from the After‐School Activity Study (ASAS; 2015–2017) in Chicago and Detroit.

Results

Exploratory latent class analyses yielded a three‐class solution for Study 1: a “No ECV” class (44%); a “Low ECV” class (36%); and a “High Exposure” class (14%). In Study 2, a four‐class solution was the best fit with a “No ECV” class (33%), a “Moderate Witness/Low Victim” class (36%), a “High Witness/Moderate Victim” class (19%), and a “High ECV” class (11%). Home‐based activities appeared to be protective against high ECV for adolescents in Study 2. School‐based activities were associated with higher ECV across both samples, but community‐based activities were only associated with greater violence exposure in Study 1. Adolescents' unstructured socializing in both studies was associated with higher odds of ECV.

Conclusions

Results indicate that subgroups of adolescents can be identified based on ECV and highlight the complexity of after‐school activities as risk and protective factors in both past and more recent contexts.
Comparison of the antimicrobial photocatalytic activities of SiO2 and Au@SiO2 nanostructures in water decontamination
Authors: Alizadeh Mahsa , Dorranian Davoud , Sari Amir Hossein
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli suspension by silicon dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide/gold nanocomposite in a batch reactor is investigated experimentally and results are compared. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by Stöber method and pulsed laser ablation method was employed to prepare gold nanoparticles in distilled water. Composition of two nanoparticles species was carried out, using the second harmonic pulse of Nd:YAG laser, whose wavelength is in the absorption spectra of gold nanoparticles. Results confirm a decrease in the bandgap energy of silica nanoparticles after composition. Escherichia coli were selected as an indicator of the microbial water contamination. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of SiO2 and Au@SiO2 nanostructures. Photocatalytic activities of both nanostructures were examined in dark, and under the irradiation of UV and visible light. In all conditions, the performance of Au@SiO2 nanocomposites was higher than SiO2 nanoparticles. In dark condition the higher biocidal nature and activity of Au nanoparticles and for the case of UV radiation, decreasing the bandgap energy and recombination rate of SiO2 nanoparticles after composition with Au increased the efficiency. For the case of visible light radiation, surface plasmon resonances effects, and local heat of Au nanoparticles were responsible for increasing the efficiency.

Research Highlights

Doping large bandgap semiconductors nanostructures, such as silica with metal nanoparticles, such as gold will improve their photocatalytic activity to work in visible light.

In this mechanism, gold nanoparticles act as effective traps to prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.

Other mechanisms, such as Schottky barrier formation, surface plasmon resonance absorption of gold nanoparticles, and biocidal nature of the gold nanoparticles are effective in increasing the efficiency of Au doped silica nanostructures.
Diapause‐induced shift in the content of major carbohydrates in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)
Authors: Sau Ashok K. , Dhillon Mukesh K. , Tanwar Aditya K.
Published: December 2023

Although several aspects like diapause determining factors, population structure, reproductive physiology, and genetics of diapause have been investigated, there is no clarity on carbohydrate energetics during larval diapause in Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Present studies revealed significant variation between the nondiapausing and diapausing C. partellus for total carbohydrates, glycogen, sorbitol, and trehalose contents in different body parts, life stages, and for body parts × life stages interaction. Total carbohydrate content started declining, while sorbitol and trehalose increased in all the body parts as the C. partellus larvae progressed from prediapausing to diapausing state. However, glycogen content spiked in all the body parts at prediapausing stage, which then declined during diapause. Among the body parts, total carbohydrate content was significantly greater in the hemolymph as compared to other body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. Glycogen content was significantly greater in the larval fat bodies and pupal hemolymph as compared to their other body parts. In diapausing larvae, sorbitol and trehalose were greater in the integument than in other body parts. Furthermore, there was spike in trehalose and decrease in sorbitol in all the body parts of pupae from diapausing than those from nondiapausing larvae. These findings suggest that the diapause alterate and/or fluctuate major carbohydrates in different body parts of both larvae and pupae of C. partellus. This information will be helpful in better understanding the diapause energetics and overwintering metabolic cryoprotection in insects.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in an HIV/AIDS transgender male‐to‐female with atypical and persistent GI manifestations
Authors: Yee Aaron C , Huang Sarah , Singh Ranbir , Rizzi Dean , Shama Naureen , Khoury Neil , Weisberg Ilan S
Published: December 2023

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a rare complication of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum. Typically, histoplasmosis is self‐limiting and asymptomatic in infected individuals with immunocompetence. Disseminated disease, however, can arise in high‐risk populations with primary or acquired cellular immunodeficiency including HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Here we describe a unique case of extrapulmonary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis by infiltrative Peyer's patch disease with bone marrow involvement in a transgender HIV‐infected woman.
One‐pot green synthesis, study of fluorescence properties, and biological activity of pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes derivatives via mesoporous materialsMgO/SBA‐15
Authors: Chelihi Ahmed , Hassaine Ridha , Nachat Souad , Benabdallah Mohammed , Bendahou Karima , Aissaoui Mohammed , Saidj Merzouk , Djafri Ahmed , Boukenna Leïla , Bouchama Abdelghani , Choukchou‐Braham Noureddine , Taibi Nadia
Published: December 2023

This current work describes the preparation of MgO‐SBA‐15 catalysts by ultrasonic method, and it is characterized by the different analysis techniques of XRD, BET, SEM, and IRTF. In order to find out an application for this mesoporous material, MgO/SBA‐15 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the one‐pot synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes derivatives isolated at room temperature reaction according to green chemistry criteria. To enhance these derivatives, a spectroscopic study of molecular fluorescence properties was carried out as well as an identification analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR was used. Furthermore, biological activity experiment is also carried out, from where the obtained test results were satisfactory forAC09,AC05, andAC10compounds and they are checked after computation by molecular modeling.
Establishing a consumer advisory group at the Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research
Authors: Penfold Melanie , Gorayski Peter , Green Julia , Skelton Kelly
Published: December 2023

The Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research (ABCPTR) established the Bragg Consumer Advisory Group (BCAG) in 2023. The ABCPTR, being the first of its kind in Australia, will offer proton therapy treatment for challenging solid tumours with the potential to reduce radiation‐induced side effects. With over 110 Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) centres globally, Australian patients currently can apply to access government funded treatment overseas, however, international travel for treatment presents various, significant challenges. Consumer engagement in healthcare plays a pivotal role in navigating the multifaceted journey of cancer treatment and can complement cancer control strategies by ensuring the practicalities of the cancer journey are realised. The ABCPTR aims to involve consumers in decision‐making processes, especially as it prepares to open Australia's first national proton therapy centre. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the importance of involving consumers in cancer care, and to demonstrate how this was done in Australia's first proton therapy centre. To establish a consumer engagement team, ABCPTR utilised existing clinical staff. The team's formation and upskilling were integral to the project's success. The engagement framework was developed based on the five stages of commitment by the Australian Health Research Alliance and Western Australian Health Translation Network. The ABCPTR consumer engagement team successfully created a community engagement framework and upskilled in consumer engagement principles over 9–12 months. An Expression of Interest (EOI) was launched, resulting in the formation of the BCAG comprising of 10 members with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The BCAG has been actively involved in decision‐making processes, with a consumer‐led chair and co‐chair in place. The group's feedback is expected to influence key performance indicators for the centre. The establishment of the BCAG at the ABCPTR emphasises the importance of integrating patient and community perspectives into clinical initiatives. This proactive approach ensures that processes remain patient‐centred. The ongoing multi‐level consumer engagement strategy aims to shape a more inclusive approach to cancer care in Australia, especially concerning PBT.
The impact of integrating behavioral health services into pediatric subspecialty care: A systematic review
Authors: Sayegh Caitlin S. , Chavannes Mallory , Moss Ilana K. , Featherstone Robert E. , Urquiza Isabel
Published: December 2023

Pediatric gastroenterology patients are at risk for co‐occurring behavioral health concerns, such as depression and anxiety, compared with youth without medical conditions. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the scientific literature supporting the hypothesis that integrating behavioral health services into gastroenterology clinics could improve patient psychosocial well‐being. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases and gray literature to identify studies reporting the impact of behavioral health integration on the psychosocial well‐being of pediatric gastroenterology patients. Two independent coders evaluated each study for inclusion and extracted data regarding patient demographics, study design, behavioral health integration approaches, and psychosocial outcomes. Results were synthesized using narrative review procedures. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported outcomes from research grant‐funded randomized controlled trials or open trials investigating behavioral health interventions based on Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy, primarily with youth with irritable bowel disease or functional gastrointestinal disorders. Within the highest‐quality, comparable studies, nearly 80% reported at least one statistically significant treatment effect on patient psychosocial well‐being. Many studies used rigorous methods that minimize bias, but did not provide models for sustainable, programmatic behavioral health integration outside the bounds of a research study. The studies included in this review suggest that behavioral integration could have the potential to positively impact gastroenterology patients' psychosocial functioning. However, more research is needed to investigate the appropriate intensity of behavioral health services and evaluate models for integrating behavioral healthcare in pediatric gastroenterology settings beyond the research‐funded clinical trial context.
Precision nutrition in pediatric IBD: A position paper from the ESPGHAN special interest group for basic science and translational research, the IBD Porto group, and allied health professionals
Authors: Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Russell Richard K. , Giachero Federica , Gkikas Konstantinos , Tel Balint , Assa Amit , Bronsky Jiri , de Ridder Lissy , Hojsak Iva , Jenke Andreas , Norsa Lorenzo , Sigall‐Boneh Rotem , Sila Sara , Wine Eytan , Zilbauer Matthias , Strisciuglio Caterina , Gasparetto Marco ,   ESPGHAN Special Interest Group in Basic and Translational Research; the ESPGHAN IBD Porto Working Group; the ESPGHAN Allied Health Professionals
Published: December 2023

Stratified and precision nutrition refers to disease management or prevention of disease onset, based on dietary interventions tailored to a person's characteristics, biology, gut microbiome, and environmental exposures. Such treatment models may lead to more effective management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduce risk of disease development. This societal position paper aimed to report advances made in stratified and precision nutritional therapy in IBD. Following a structured literature search, limited to human studies, we identified four relevant themes: (a) nutritional epidemiology for risk prediction of IBD development, (b) food‐based dietary interventions in IBD, (c) exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease (CD) management, and (d) pre‐ and probiotics for IBD management. There is scarce literature upon which we can make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for IBD, both for risk of disease development and disease management. Certain single‐nucleotide polymorphisms related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism may modify the effect dietary PUFA have in increasing the risk of IBD development. Non‐colonic CD, mild‐to‐moderate CD, and high microbiota richness may predict success of EEN and may be used both for prediction of treatment continuation, but also for early cessation in nonresponders. There is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for patients with established IBD. Despite the great interest in stratified and precision nutrition, we currently lack data to support conclusive recommendations. Replication of early findings by independent research groups and within structured clinical interventions is required.
Utilization of older deceased donors for pediatric liver transplant may negatively impact long‐term survival
Authors: Kulkarni Sakil S. , Vachharajani Neeta A. , Hill Angela L. , Kiani Amen Z. , Stoll Janis M. , Nadler Michelle L. , Chapman William C. , Doyle Maria M. , Khan Adeel S.
Published: December 2023

Background

Multiple adult studies have investigated the role of older donors (ODs) in expanding the donor pool. However, the impact of donor age on pediatric liver transplantation (LT) has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

UNOS database was used to identify pediatric (≤18 years) LTs performed in the United States during 2002–22. Donors ≥40 years at donation were classified as older donors (ODs). Propensity analysis was performed with 1:1 matching for potentially confounding variables.

Results

A total of 10,024 pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) patients met inclusion criteria; 669 received liver grafts from ODs. Candidates receiving OD liver grafts were more likely to be transplanted for acute liver failure, have higher Model End‐Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD/PELD) scores at LT, listed as Status 1/1A at LT, and be in the intensive care unit (ICU) at time of LT (all p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses showed that recipients of OD grafts had worse patient and graft survival (p < 0.001) compared to recipients of younger donor (YD) grafts. KM analyses performed on candidates matched for acuity at LT revealed inferior patient and graft survival in recipients of deceased donor grafts (p < 0.001), but not living donor grafts (p > 0.1) from ODs. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that living donor LT, diagnosis of biliary atresia and first liver transplant were favorable predictors of recipient outcomes, whereas ICU stay before LT and transplantation during 2002–12 were unfavorable.

Conclusion

Livers from ODs were used for candidates with higher acuity. Pediatric recipients of livers from ODs had worse outcome compared to YDs; however, living donor LT from ODs had the least negative impact on recipient outcomes.
Accurate assessment of macronutrients and micro‐elements of ten newly developed green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars grown in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sudhakaran Sumi Mekkara Nikarthil , Mathew Shreyas Elma , Shakappa Devindra
Published: December 2023

Background

Green gram is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and minerals. However, accurate data on the nutritional composition of green gram remains scarce since most researchers reported the carbohydrate content using the ‘by difference method’. The objective of the current study is to accurately estimate the nutritional and mineral composition of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).

Results

Ten newly developed varieties and three local varieties of green gram were subjected to proximate and mineral composition analysis. The green gram varieties differed significantly (P < 0.05) for proximate and mineral content. From the results, they contain 62.5 to 84.6 g/kg of moisture, 28.3–37.4 g/kg of ash, 21.9–3.08 g/kg of fat, 484.6–535.7 g/kg of carbohydrate, 228.7–277.6 g/kg of protein, and 118.3–157.9 g/kg of dietary fibre. The most abundant mineral found was phosphorus, ranging 2716.66–4473.49 mg/kg followed by 3183.31–3597.61 mg/kg of potassium, 1506.51–1713.93 mg/kg of magnesium, 166.38–340.62 mg/kg of calcium, 40.16–348.79 mg/kg of iron, 27.60–34.35 mg/kg of zinc, 5.95–12.86 mg/kg of copper and 8.65–19.47 mg/kg of manganese.

Conclusion

The newly developed varieties of green gram showed high protein and dietary fibre content, while the local varieties were high in calcium and iron. Hence, both types of varieties are nutritionally significant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing National Trends and Perceived Safety of Off‐Label Ciprofloxacin‐Dexamethasone Use by Pediatric Otolaryngologists
Authors: Shah Hemali P. , Shah Rema , Lockwood Donovan , Yang Nan , Rohrbaugh Tagan , Rutter Michael J. , Maurrasse Sarah E.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Off‐label use of Ciprodex® (ciprofloxacin‐dexamethasone: CPD), an antibiotic‐steroid combination solution, in the airway has been reported by pediatric otolaryngologists with anecdotal success. We examined national trends regarding off‐label CPD use including prevalence, common indications, prescriber patterns, adverse events, and accessibility.

Methods

15‐item cross‐sectional survey was distributed to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members from January–April 2022. Univariate analyses were performed to compare responses for users of off‐label CPD versus non‐users. Ease of access was compared across geographies and practice types using multivariate logistic regressions.

Results

Of the 163 complete responses (26.6% response rate), 156 (95.7%) reported using off‐label CPD. Most common indications for off‐label CPD were tracheal granulation (87.8%, n = 137) and choanal atresia (82.1%, n = 128). Ease of access was significantly increased in the Midwest (OR:18.79, 95%CI:3.63–1.24, p = 0.001) and West (OR:29.92, 95%CI:3.55–682.00, p = 0.006). Ease of access was significantly lower at tertiary referral centers (OR:0.11, 95%CI:0.01–0.64, p = 0.041) and private practices (OR:0.04, 95%CI:0.002–0.33, p = 0.009) compared to academic free‐standing children's hospitals. Two‐thirds of respondents reported feeling “Very Comfortable” with the safety profile of off‐label CPD; 99.4% (n = 156) felt that the benefits outweighed the risks of off‐label use. Seven respondents (4.5%) reported adverse events (e.g., local allergic reaction, cushingoid symptoms) from off‐label use.

Conclusions

Our findings (26.6% response rate) suggest that off‐label CPD is commonly used by pediatric otolaryngologists, many of whom reported feeling that the benefits of off‐label CPD outweigh the risks. Our results establish a baseline for future efforts to assess the efficacy and safety of off‐label CPD and to improve its accessibility.

Level of Evidence

V Laryngoscope, 134:2922–2930, 2024
Near‐infrared spectroscopy as an alternative tool for predicting soil erodibility in a watershed under desertification
Authors: Teixeira Marcos Paulo Rodrigues , da Silva Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra , Barbosa Ronny Sobreira , Nascimento Rennan Cabral , Lopes José Wellington Batista , Galdino de Sousa Júlio César , de Sousa Ribeiro Leite Gustavo , Silva Cinthia Maria Cordeiro Atanázio Cruz , Singh Vijay P.
Published: December 2023

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has become an alternative to conventional techniques for assessing soil properties that are difficult to measure, especially at sites under intense erosion. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess near‐infrared spectroscopy as an alternative tool for predicting soil erodibility in a watershed under desertification. Two hundred and fourteen composite soil samples were collected, where 100 samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties to obtain K (soil erodibility), Ki (interrill erodibility), and Kr (rill erodibility) values and the remaining 114 composite soil samples were only used to obtain spectral signatures in the NIR range. Then, such database was used to predict the erodibility parameters and soil physicochemical properties. Partial least squares regression was used for modeling the K, Ki, Kr indices and other soil properties. The highest erodibility indices were observed in Acrisols and Luvisols (K = 33.59 × 10−3 t h MJ−1 mm−1, R2 = 0.61, square root of the mean error (RMSE) = 2.62 and residual prediction deviation (RPD) = 1.62; Ki = 5.45 × 10−6 kg s m−4, R2 = 0.49, RMSE = 0.21 and RPD = 1.47; Kr = 21.78 × 10−3 s m−1, R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 0.66 and RPD = 1.68). Erodibility prediction using spectral data was found to be an acceptable alternative and can be applied in other areas struggling with the same phenomena to acquire new robust databases and to improve the understanding of soil erosion and desertification process. Also, our results can extend studies with universal soil‐loss equation and revised universal soil‐loss equation, since erodibility is one of the most important and expensive parameters of these equations, mainly in developing countries where financial support is scarce.
Nitrogen availability regulates the effects of a simulated marine heatwave on carbon sequestration and phycosphere bacteria of a marine crop
Authors: Jiang Meijia , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Gao Lin , Ma Zengling , Gao Guang
Published: December 2023

Great hope has been pinned on seaweed cultivation as being a potent way of removing CO2 to reduce rates of sea surface warming and acidification. Marine heatwaves and nitrogen pollution in coastal ecosystems are serious current issues that need to be better understood to inform decision making and policy. Here, we investigated the effects of a simulated heatwave and nitrogen pollution on carbon sequestration by an important seaweed crop species and its phycosphere bacteria. Gracilaria lemaneiformis was grown in ambient and high nitrogen conditions (14 and 200 μM L−1). Photosynthetic rate, seaweed biomass and particulate organic carbon accumulation were significantly increased in “high nitrogen‐no heatwave” conditions. In “ambient nitrogen heatwave” conditions, the expression of genes related to photosynthesis was down regulated and the seaweeds lost more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the surrounding water, resulting in more refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). In “high nitrogen heatwave” conditions, photosynthetic gene expression was upregulated; bacterial abundance was also increased that can explain the reduced DOC and RDOC accumulation. The simulated heatwave reduced bacterial diversity while high nitrogen alleviated this effect. These findings suggest that the economically important alga G. lemaneiformis may lose more DOC and RDOC to nearshore waters during marine heatwave events, enhancing carbon sequestration, while nitrogen enrichment has a counteractive effect.
Baseline Large‐Scale Network Dynamics Associated with Disease Progression in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Pérez‐Pérez Jesús , Martínez‐Horta Saül , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Puig‐Davi Arnau , García‐Cornet Júlia , Olmedo‐Saura Gonzalo , Campolongo Antonia , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime
Published: December 2023

Background

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetically determined disease with motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the links between clinical progression and disruptions to dynamics in motor and cognitive large‐scale networks are not well established.

Objective

To investigate changes in dynamic and static large‐scale networks using an established tool of disease progression in Huntington's disease, the composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (cUHDRS).

Methods

Sixty‐four mutation carriers were included. Static and dynamic baseline functional connectivity as well as topological features were correlated to 2‐year follow‐up clinical assessments using the cUHDRS.

Results

Decline in cUHDRS scores was associated with higher connectivity between frontal default‐mode and motor networks, whereas higher connectivity in posterior, mainly visuospatial regions was associated with a smaller decline in cUHDRS scores.

Conclusions

Structural disruptions in HD were evident both in posterior parietal/occipital and frontal motor regions, with reciprocal increases in functional connectivity. However, although higher visuospatial network connectivity was tied to a smaller cUHDRS decline, increased motor and frontal default‐mode connections were linked to a larger cUHDRS decreases. Therefore, divergent functional compensation mechanisms might be at play in the clinical evolution of HD.
Optimising plant form and function for controlled environment agriculture in space and on earth
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Auroux Lucas , Johnson Kim , Lewsey Mathew G.
Published: December 2023

Planned missions to Mars and the moon stress the urgency of developing self‐sustaining food production systems for crewed, long‐term, space exploration. Here we discuss space agriculture (SpaceAg) as a sustainable complete life support system for prolonged space travel and surface missions. The unique challenges and considerations for cultivating crops in space, where radiation, gravity, atmosphere and temperature differ from Earth, are presented. We discuss the selection of suitable crops and approaches to optimise growth traits for the ideal plant form, including the potential of genetic engineering to enhance yield and nutritional content. Plants can serve multiple roles, from providing nutritious foods and wellbeing to acting as biofactories for essential pharmaceuticals. The need for robust and efficient controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems that are integral to life support is explored. Finally, we discuss promising solutions for sustainable agriculture in controlled environments on Earth, based on SpaceAg research and innovation.
Is the time right for a new initiative in mathematical modeling of the lower urinary tract? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Damaser Margot S. , Valentini Françoise A. , Clavica Francesco , Giarenis Ilias
Published: December 2023

Introduction

A session at the 2023 International Consultation on Incontinence – Research Society (ICI‐RS) held in Bristol, UK, focused on the question: Is the time right for a new initiative in mathematical modeling of the lower urinary tract (LUT)? The LUT is a complex system, comprising various synergetic components (i.e., bladder, urethra, neural control), each with its own dynamic functioning and high interindividual variability. This has led to a variety of different types of models for different purposes, each with advantages and disadvantages.

Methods

When addressing the LUT, the modeling approach should be selected and sized according to the specific purpose, the targeted level of detail, and the available computational resources. Four areas were selected as examples to discuss: utility of nomograms in clinical use, value of fluid mechanical modeling, applications of models to simplify urodynamics, and utility of statistical models.

Results

A brief literature review is provided along with discussion of the merits of different types of models for different applications. Remaining research questions are provided.

Conclusions

Inadequacies in current (outdated) models of the LUT as well as recent advances in computing power (e.g., quantum computing) and methods (e.g., artificial intelligence/machine learning), would dictate that the answer is an emphatic “Yes, the time is right for a new initiative in mathematical modeling of the LUT.”
Single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted MR spectroscopy: Comparison with unipolar and bipolar diffusion‐weighted point‐resolved spectroscopy
Authors: Saucedo Andres , Sayre James , Thomas M. Albert
Published: December 2023

This study demonstrates the feasibility and performance of the point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)‐based, single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted sequence in quantifying the trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in phantom and in vivo using a 3‐T MRI/MRS scanner. The single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted PRESS sequence was implemented and compared with conventional diffusion‐weighted (DW)‐PRESS variants using bipolar and unipolar diffusion‐sensitizing gradients. Nine phantom datasets were acquired using each sequence, and seven volunteers were scanned in three different brain regions to determine the range and variability of trace ADC values, and to allow a comparison of trace ADCs among the sequences. This sequence results in a comparatively stable range of trace ADC values that are statistically significantly higher than those produced from unipolar and bipolar DW‐PRESS sequences. Only total n‐acetylaspartate, total creatine, and total choline were reliably estimated in all sequences with Cramér–Rao lower bounds of, at most, 20%. The larger trace ADCs from the single‐shot sequences are probably attributable to the shorter diffusion time relative to the other sequences. Overall, this study presents the first demonstration of the single‐shot diffusion trace‐weighted sequence in a clinical scanner at 3 T. The results show excellent agreement of phantom trace ADCs computed with all sequences, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. The diffusion trace‐weighted sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a shorter scan time (by nearly a factor of 3) compared with conventional DW‐PRESS approaches that require three separate orthogonal directions.
What is an academic leader?
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: December 2023

As 2023 comes to an end, I call for us to reflect on this year and consider the next. I believe it's time for us to remember who we are as leaders. We are academic leaders.
Collaborations will impact future international recruitment and enrollment
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: December 2023

Most colleges and universities, seeking to recruit international students, use individual international recruiters as well as agents to enroll students worldwide.
Six‐year completion rates stay mostly flat, though adult learners, community colleges offer bright spots
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2023

College national completion rates remain stalled since 2015, according to research recently released in a report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. The six‐year completion rate for the fall 2017 cohort was 62.2%, which is more or less the same completion rate for colleges and universities cohorts that started in fall 2015.
Narrowing of Low‐Frequency Air‐Bone Gap and Its Association with Symptom Resolution Following Superior Canal Dehiscence Repair
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Yang Isaac , Gopen Quinton S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Low‐frequency air‐bone gap (LABG) on pure tone audiometry is an expected clinical finding of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome. We investigate how narrowing of LABG following SCD repairs translates to symptom resolution.

Study Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary Care Center.

Methods

We analyzed consecutive SCD repairs at an institution between 2012 and 2022. Pure tone audiometry and symptom questionnaires were administered pre‐ and post‐operatively. The independent variable assessed whether the LABG narrowed (≥5 dB) following surgery. Outcome measures were rates of Overall Symptom Improvement (OSI, net resolution of ≥1 symptom) and Symptom Resolution Score (SRS, % symptoms resolved). We conducted multivariable regression analyses with LABG narrowing as the primary predictor. All models controlled for demographics, bilateral disease, prior ear surgery, and follow‐up.

Results

Among total of 217 repairs analyzed, 161 (74%) reached OSI, and mean SRS was 39 (out of 100). LABG narrowing at 250 Hz (65%), 500 Hz (52%), and 1000 Hz (47%) was associated with a 41‐point (β 95% confidence interval [CI] 5‐77) increase in auditory, 15‐point (β 95% CI 1‐30) increase in auditory, and 23‐point (β 95% CI 2‐45) increase in vestibular SRS, respectively. However, LABG narrowing was not significantly associated with the rates of auditory and vestibular OSI at all frequencies assessed.

Conclusion

Lack of LABG narrowing following repair was associated with the persistence of a greater proportion of preoperative symptoms but similar likelihood of OSI. This relationship was more prominent for auditory symptoms at 250 to 500 Hz and for vestibular symptoms at 1000 Hz. Additional research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism through which symptoms resolve despite LABG persistence.