bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hidden majority/minority consensus: Minorities show similar preference patterns of immigrant support as the majority population
Authors: Mayer Sabrina J. , Nguyen Christoph G. , Dollmann Jörg , Veit Susanne
Published: March 2023

The acceptance of new arrivals has become an important topic regarding the social cohesion of the receiving countries. However, previous studies focused only on the native population's drivers of attitudes towards immigrants, disregarding that immigrant‐origin inhabitants now form a considerable part of the population. To test whether the drivers for the willingness to support immigrants are the same for natives and immigrants and their descendants, we rely on a vignette study conducted in a representative German online panel (N = 3149) which contains an overrepresentation of immigrant‐origin respondents. We presented participants with three vignettes of potential immigrants, varying, amongst other factors, economic prospects, safe and war‐ridden countries of origin (to capture deservingness), as well as religious identity. While we find that minority members are generally slightly more welcoming towards immigrants than majority members, at their core are the same factors that drive attitudes to immigrants in both groups: economic cost, cultural similarity, and deservingness. However, we observe differences at the margins: Immigrant‐origin respondents take into account economic prospects to a lesser degree than majority members do, and by trend, they are less likely to distinguish between immigrants from war‐ridden and safe countries of origin. Furthermore, we can show that the preference for immigrants with the same religious identities not only occurs among majority members but also among minority members.
Armed robbery and the meanings of money
Authors: Dickinson Timothy , Topalli Volkan , Wright Richard
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigate the meanings active armed robbers give to money before, during, and after their crimes and how these meanings shape their offending. We do so by examining interviews undertaken from 1994 to 1995 with robbers in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. Prior to their robberies, the interviewees' desperation leads them to define money as essential to survival. Immediately following robberies and in looking back on them, they come to view this essential money in other ways as well—as too time‐consuming to get, as “easy,” or as guilt‐free. These meanings facilitate the contradictory way robbers see money as “fast” after offences. We discuss how these shifting meanings of money shape and are shaped by robbers' structural positions, cultural outlooks, and social relations. In doing so, we also help to explain how the shifting meanings of money play into criminogenic cycles of predatory offending.
Enacting resilience: Adventure racing as a microcosm of resilience organizing
Authors: Barton Michelle A. , Sutcliffe Kathleen M.
Published: March 2023

In this inductive study we explore the relational microdynamics of organizational resilience in adventure racing. Drawing from an organizing lens, we frame resilience as an ongoing process by which organizational actors work together to absorb strain and maintain functioning within dynamically uncertain and adverse environments. Adventure racing exemplifies such a context: stress, technological breakdowns, and untoward environmental conditions are both frequent and unpredictable. By analyzing and triangulating interview data from 103 members of 53 adventure racing teams, we found that racers experienced ongoing adversity punctuated by discrete acute shocks. Moreover, resilience was accomplished and re‐accomplished through processes of interrelating, in which racers worked together to mutually adjust roles and engagement, coordinated through distributed sensemaking. These processes allowed racers to better align with reality from one moment to the next, not only responding to and absorbing adversity as it arose but also shaping their emergent context. The patterns of interrelating established in response to adversity fuelled cycles of resilience or vulnerability and the capability to manage strain over the longer term. Our findings suggest resilience in organizations is more impermanent, enacted and relational than conceptual models currently portray.
Mitochondrial function declines with age within individuals but is not linked to the pattern of growth or mortality risk in zebra finch
Authors: Salmón Pablo , Dawson Neal J. , Millet Caroline , Selman Colin , Monaghan Pat
Published: March 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a highly conserved hallmark of ageing. However, most of the studies in both model and non‐model organisms are cross‐sectional in design; therefore, little is known, at the individual level, on how mitochondrial function changes with age, its link to early developmental conditions or its relationship with survival. Here we manipulated the postnatal growth in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) via dietary modification that induced accelerated growth without changing adult body size. In the same individuals, we examined blood cells mitochondrial functioning (mainly erythrocytes) when they were young (ca. 36 weeks) and again in mid‐aged (ca. 91 weeks) adulthood. Mitochondrial function was strongly influenced by age but not by postnatal growth conditions. Across all groups, within individual ROUTINE respiration, OXPHOS and OXPHOS coupling efficiency significantly declined with age, while LEAK respiration increased. However, we found no link between mitochondrial function and the probability of survival into relatively old age (ca. 4 years). Our results suggest that the association between accelerated growth and reduced longevity, evident in this as in other species, is not attributable to age‐related changes in any of the measured mitochondrial function traits.
Measures of self‐reported identity associated with sex and gender: Relations with collegiate drinking
Authors: Anderson Kristen G. , Garrison Elise , Clifton Richelle L. , Harper Leia , Zapolski Tamika C. B. , Khazvand Shirin , Carson Ian
Published: March 2023

Objective

Quantitative research has typically relied on categorical measures of sex assigned at birth (SAAB) and gender, with heterogeneous findings in terms of their associations with alcohol‐related behavior. This investigation examined continuous indices of self‐identification as an alternative to categorical operationalizations in alcohol research.

Method

Eight hundred ninety‐three undergraduate students (74.6% cisgender women, 20.3% cisgender men, 3.9% nonbinary, and 1.2% transgender), recruited from the Midwest and Pacific Northwest of the United States, completed online measures of SAAB (male/female), gender (categorical), continuous indices of identification (femaleness, maleness, and bidirectional), and alcohol consumption (Cahalan Indices; Daily Drinking Questionnaire‐Revised; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]).

Results

Novel continuous measures of identification were associated with categorical indices of SAAB and gender as predicted. While none of the self‐identification indices (continuous or categorical) predicted current drinking (consumption in the past 30 days), they evidenced relatively consistent, albeit small effects, across quantity–frequency of drinking and AUDIT scores for current drinkers. Higher scores on maleness and bidirectional indices of identification were associated with greater consumption, while greater endorsement of femaleness and being a cisgender woman (vs. a cisgender man) were related to less drinking.

Conclusions

Continuous self‐reported identification items performed well when describing drinking behavior in college students. The inclusion of dimensional scales of identity broadens our ability to capture differing self‐conceptualizations in research.
L‐Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat‐exposed chickens
Authors: Chowdhury Vishwajit S.
Published: March 2023

With global warming becoming of increasing concern, poultry farms are experiencing a concomitant increase in heat stress. Chickens are very sensitive to high ambient temperature (HT), so the development of novel nutrients that will help deal with the challenge posed by heat stress is vital. We revealed that L‐citrulline (L‐Cit) can reduce body temperature in chickens. Orally administered L‐Cit solution has been found to provide heat tolerance in chickens and to result in reduced food intake. Heat exposure and oral administration of L‐Cit led to increased levels of plasma insulin, whereas heat stress led to a decline in plasma thyroxine. Dietary administration of L‐Cit was also shown to be effective to reduce heat stress in broiler chickens. Moreover, L‐Cit was found to be metabolized in the liver within 1 h of its administration, and in L‐Cit‐treated broiler chicks, the Cit‐Arginine cycle and the Krebs cycle were found to be active. L‐Cit has not yet been approved for inclusion in the poultry diet, so it is important to find alternative sources of L‐Cit. Taken together, these findings suggest that L‐Cit may serve as an important novel nutrient with the ability to produce heat tolerance in chickens under HT.
Use test with l‐carvone in toothpaste on sensitized individuals
Authors: Kroona Liv , Ahlgren Camilla , Dahlin Jakob , Isaksson Marléne , Bruze Magnus
Published: March 2023

Background

The mint flavour carvone (l‐carvone) is considered a weak contact allergen. However, contact allergy to carvone is more prevalent in patients with oral lichen planus or oral lichenoid lesions (OLP/OLL).

Objective

Our aim was to investigate how carvone affects sensitized individuals through a use test with toothpaste containing carvone. Non‐flavoured toothpaste served as control.

Methods

Subjects were patch tested prior to the use test—14 subjects allergic to carvone (11 with OLP/OLL), 20 subjects with OLP/OLL and 3 healthy controls. The month‐long use test comprised of using toothpaste twice daily. Subjects were examined fortnightly. Clinical signs were assessed with a mucosal scoring system. The subjects' oral health‐related quality of life was measured with the oral health impact profile (OHIP‐49).

Results

Local reactions to the carvone toothpaste presented as aggravated OLL (7/10) and peri‐oral eczema (2/10) in allergic subjects. They also had significantly higher mucosal and OHIP scores compared with those receiving non‐flavoured toothpaste.

Conclusion

In sensitized individuals, oral exposure to carvone gives aggravated oral lesions and/or peri‐oral eczema. The lesions mimic OLP and allergic individuals are therefore at risk of not being assessed with regard to flavour contact allergy.
Conditioned media of deer antler stem cells accelerate regeneration of alveolar bone defects in rats
Authors: Guo Qianqian , Zheng Junjun , Lin Hongbing , Han Zhongming , Wang Zhen , Ren Jing , Zhai Jingjie , Zhao Haiping , Du Rui , Li Chunyi
Published: March 2023

The destruction of periodontal alveolar bone (AB) caused by periodontitis is regarded as one of the major reasons for tooth loss. The inhibition of bone resorption and regeneration of lost AB are the desirable outcomes in clinical practice but remain in challenge. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one current approach for achieving true restoration of AB defects (ABD). Antler stem cells (AnSC) are capable of renewing a huge mammalian bony appendage, the deer antler, suggesting an unparalleled potential for bone regeneration. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of deer AnSCs conditioned medium (CM, AnSC‐CM) for repair of surgically‐created ABD using a rat model and sought to define the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that AnSC‐CM effectively induced regeneration of AB tissue; the outcome was significantly better than human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (hBMSC‐CM). AnSC‐CM treatment upregulated osteogenic factors and downregulated osteoclastic differentiation factors; stimulated proliferation, migration and differentiation of resident MSCs toward osteogenic lineage cells; modulated macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. That AnSC‐CM resulted in better outcomes than hBMSC‐CM in treating ABD was attributed to the cell compatibility as both AnSCs and AB tissue are neural crest‐derived. In conclusion, the effects of AnSC‐CM on AB tissue regeneration were achieved through both promotion of osteogenesis and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. We believe that AnSC‐CM is a candidate for effective treatment of ABD in dental clinical practice but will require investment in further development.
Hard and soft factors of trade facilitation and export diversification: Evidence for developing and the least developed countries
Authors: Kurul Zühal
Published: March 2023

This study examines how developing and the least developed countries (LDCs) can foster export diversification by considering trade facilitation as an effective policy option. Unlike previous studies, this paper constructs composite indicators—namely, hard and soft factors of trade facilitation—to better clarify which trade facilitation aspect is a matter of priority. Also, it uses the number of products and markets based on Harmonized System (HS) six‐digit level as export diversification measures. Finally, it investigates the differentiated impacts of hard and soft factors on export diversification in the LDCs. For the period 2007–17 and 92 countries, the results reveal that border efficiency promotes variety in products and markets, and the availability and quality of infrastructure enhances variety in markets for the whole sample of countries. Moreover, strengthening the availability and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) plays a significant role in the LDCs' export diversification.
Effect of phosphoproteins on intracellular calcification of bacteria
Authors: Yoshikuni Yukihisa , Iijima Mayumi , Takahashi Gen , Okumura Taiga , Kogure Toshihiro , Suzuki Michio
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phosphoproteins on bacterial mineralization. Dental calculus formation is attributed to bacterial mineralization in the oral cavity; however, the influence of phosphoproteins (which are abundant in saliva) is not clear. The model bacteriumEscherichia coliwas suspended in a calcification solution containing casein as a model phosphoprotein. To evaluate mineralization independent of bacterial metabolism, bacteria killed by heat treatment at 70°C were compared with viable bacteria. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, the mode of calcification was observed using electron microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy. Solutions without casein produced precipitation in solution, which was identical to that in experiments without bacteria. In contrast, calcification solutions with 200 ppm casein only produced calcium phosphate deposition intracellularly. Without heat treatment, intracellular calcification rarely occurred, even when casein was added. Thus, phosphoproteins promoted intracellular calcification of dead bacteria; this is similar to the calcification of insoluble matrices, such as collagen fibrils, promoted by acidic polymers. We concluded that intracellular calcification is caused by the collagen fibril‐like behavior of dead bacteria. The promotion of intracellular calcification of dead bacteria by phosphoproteins suggested a basic principle of dental calculus formation.
A wavelet multifractal model for quality of life index measuring during pandemics and crises
Authors: Balalaa Majed S. , Ben Mabrouk Anouar
Published: March 2023

In the present article, we investigate the impact of the timescale factor on the quality of life index behaviour on specific time intervals characterized by the presence of socio‐economic, political, and/or health severe movements such as pandemics and crises. We essentially aim to show that effectively the quality of life evaluation based on a single index as in the existing studies may be described more adequately by a variable index due to the social, political, economic, and also healthy environment. The variability discovered is expressed by the existence and the estimation of a multi‐index instead of a single one with relatively too many factors. Our focus is mainly on the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic and crises or crashes on the quality of life. It turns out that the first essays of empirical treatments of such a series bring out a fractal/multifractal aspect. This motivates our main idea reposing on the fractal/multifractal structure of the data to construct a quantitative model based on wavelets combined with change‐point analysis. Our model is applied empirically on a sample corresponding to Saudi Arabia as a case of study during the period from January 1990 to December 2021. The end of this period is strongly affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The sample is based on social media conversations and texts discussing and describing the satisfaction with the quality of life. The study confirms effectively that the role of the timescale factor is more described when considering a multi‐index rather than measurement on the whole time interval. Besides, this multi‐index is clearly illustrated by means of the multifractal spectra of the data used.
Cribriform morphology is associated with higher risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with Grade Group 5 prostate cancer
Authors: Oufattole Jihane , Dey Tanujit , D'Amico Anthony V , van Leenders Geert J L H , Acosta Andres M
Published: March 2023

Aims

Grade Group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with a high risk of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy (~75% at 5 years). However, this is a heterogeneous category that includes neoplasms with different combinations of Gleason pattern (GP) 4 and 5. Within GP4, large cribriform growth has been associated with adverse disease‐specific outcomes in GG2‐4 PCa. Less is known about the significance of cribriform morphology and the different histologic patterns of GP5 in GG5 PCa.

Methods and results

In this study we evaluated the prognostic implications of cribriform morphology (either invasive or intraductal, henceforth “cribriform”) and large solid growth or comedonecrosis (comedo/solid) in patients with GG5 PCa. One‐hundred and thirty prostatectomies from a single institution were analysed. The presence of comedo/solid components was associated with a higher frequency of concurrent cribriform PCa (85.7% versus 45.9%, P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (44.6% versus 27%, P = 0.04), and biochemical recurrence (48.2% versus 28.4%, P = 0.03). The presence of large cribriform growth was associated with a higher frequency of extraprostatic involvement (i.e. pT3a‐b; 85.3% versus 68.7%, P = 0.02), positive surgical margins (47.6% versus 29.2%, P = 0.04) and biochemical recurrence (47.6% versus. 18.7%, P = 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that GG5 PCa with cribriform or comedo/solid components had a higher probability of biochemical recurrence. Multivariable analysis showed that only cribriform components were an independent predictor of a higher risk of biochemical recurrence in this series.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of reporting the presence of cribriform components in GG5 PCa and suggest that cribriform morphology might help decide postsurgical management in these patients.
Yellow Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) males respond more strongly to local than to foreign dialects
Authors: Fracas Pablo Andrés , Rojas Ripari Juan Manuel , Mahler Bettina , Domínguez Marisol
Published: March 2023

Bird song is a culturally transmitted behavioural trait strongly tied to territory defence and mate attraction in oscine passerines. Divergent song variations can appear in different populations of the same species as a consequence of multiple factors generating geographically distinct songs also termed dialects. Most studies show that males react more strongly towards local dialects, potentially as a by‐product of evolutionary divergence between populations, although other hypotheses have been suggested. In addition, females are hypothesized to show stronger responses to local songs as this may lead to greater reproductive success. In this context, song may become a prezygotic barrier for reproduction. The Yellow CardinalGubernatrix cristatais an endangered species of the South American thorny shrubland that has suffered from population fragmentation due to habitat destruction and its capture for the illegal wildlife trade. Genetically different groups that sing their own dialect have been studied in the context of a conservation programme that intends to restore and preserve natural populations by releasing individuals that are recovered from the illegal pet market back into their area of origin. Although dialects have been identified, it remains unknown whether there is vocal recognition between the populations. In this study, we performed playback experiments in two populations and found that male Yellow Cardinals reacted more strongly to the local dialect, although the foreign dialect was still recognized. This information is important as it is not always possible to genetically assign an individual to its geographical origin before release, which could contribute to a secondary contact scenario where dialects play a critical role for settlement and reproduction.
The impact of changes to auditors' reporting and audit committee strength on bank directors' perceptions and decisions: An experimental investigation
Authors: Höfmann Michelle , Pott Christiane , Quick Reiner
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the impact of two changes to the auditor's report—a separate section addressing going concern uncertainties (GCU section [GCUsec]) and information on management and auditor responsibilities—and the characteristics of the audit committee on bank directors' perceptions and decisions. In a 2 × 2 × 2 between‐subjects experimental design with 85 German bank directors, we observe that a GCUsec in the auditor's report leads to more unfavourable decisions. Contrarily, explanations of responsibilities and different characteristics of the audit committee do not significantly impact on bank directors' perceptions and decisions. We thus confirm the effectiveness of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB)'s revision of the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 570 to enhance the informational value and decision usefulness of the auditor's report.
Clinical practice guidelines on physical activity and exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Xiao , Han Rongrong , Xiang Zhixuan , Li Hanbing , Zhao Qian , Chen Lu , Gao Lingling
Published: March 2023

Aim

This review aimed to appraise clinical guidelines about exercise for women with gestational diabetes mellitus and summarize consensus and inconsistent recommendations.

Background

Exercise is an effective non‐pharmacological therapeutic for gestational diabetes mellitus, but the variety of relevant clinical practice guidelines is confusing for healthcare professionals.

Design

This is a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines.

Data Sources

Websites of guideline development institutions, eight literature databases and organizations of obstetricians, gynaecologists, midwives, and medical sports associations were searched for guidelines published from January 2011 to October 2021.

Review Methods

Two reviewers independently extracted recommendations. Four reviewers assessed guideline quality using the AGREE II instrument independently.

Results

Fifteen guidelines were included. All women with diabetes are recommended to exercise during pregnancy. The consistent recommendations were for pre‐exercise screening, for 30 min per exercise session on 5 days of the week or every day after meals, exercise at moderate intensity, using aerobic and resistance exercise, and walking. The main non‐consistent recommendations included warning signs for women on insulin during exercise, minimum duration per session, intensity assessment, duration and frequency of sessions for strengthening and flexibility exercise and detailed physical activity giving birth.

Conclusions

Guidelines strongly support pregnant women with diabetes to exercise regularly. Research is needed to make non‐consistent recommendations clear.
The accuracy of reverse genetics systems for SARS‐CoV‐2: Circular polymerase extension reaction versus bacterial artificial chromosome
Authors: Furusawa Yuri , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

Background

Reverse genetics systems to rescue viruses from modified DNA are useful tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms of viruses. The COVID‐19 pandemic prompted the development of several reverse genetics systems for SARS‐CoV‐2. The circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) method enables the rapid generation of recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2; however, such PCR‐based approaches could introduce unwanted mutations due to PCR errors.

Methods

To compare the accuracy of CPER and a classic reverse genetics method using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), SARS‐CoV‐2 Wuhan/Hu‐1/2019 was generated five times using BAC and five times using CPER. These 10 independent virus stocks were then deep sequencing, and the number of substitutions for which the frequency was greater than 10% was counted.

Results

No nucleotide substitutions with a frequency of greater than 10% were observed in all five independent virus stocks generated by the BAC method. In contrast, three to five unwanted nucleotide substitutions with a frequency of more than 10% were detected in four of the five virus stocks generated by the CPER. Furthermore, four substitutions with frequencies greater than 20% were generated in three virus stocks by using the CPER.

Conclusions

We found that the accuracy of the CPER method is lower than that of the BAC method. Our findings suggest care should be used when employing the CPER method.
Mountains exhibit a stronger latitudinal diversity gradient than lowland regions
Authors: Tenorio Elkin A. , Montoya Paola , Norden Natalia , Rodríguez‐Buriticá Susana , Salgado‐Negret Beatriz , Gonzalez Mailyn A.
Published: March 2023

Aim

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a well‐explored biogeographical pattern, yet regional differences across geographical and geomorphological areas have been poorly examined. Here, we compare the magnitude of the LDG between mountain and lowland regions and hypothesize that the LDG is much stronger in mountain ranges due to their high species packing and turnover.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Birds, mammals and amphibians.

Methods

Mountain regions were defined following two criteria: one based on elevation and another based on ruggedness. Species richness maps were constructed using geographical information of ~22,000 species from Birdlife and International Union for Conservation of Nature over a grid of 10 km2. We quantified species packing as the number of species per unit area that belong to mountains or lowlands globally, and per latitudinal bands of ~3°. We related the number of species to latitude and extracted a distribution of this relationship using a Monte Carlo approach.

Results

We showed that the number of species per unit area increased rapidly towards low latitudes, being faster in mountains and reaching values of up to four times higher than that observed in the lowlands. After accounting for area size, species richness increased faster towards the equator and was better predicted by latitude in mountains than in the lowlands.

Main Conclusions

These results support our hypothesis, where the high beta‐diversity characterizing mountains has an additive effect on the inherent increase of diversity towards the equator. More broadly, our findings may question the predictive power of well‐supported hypotheses, which state that regions with greater area, time and energy accumulate more species richness, because in comparison to the lowlands, mountains are geologically younger and exhibit less energy in less area. Hence, mountains represent a conundrum that invites to re‐evaluate hypotheses considering the regional dependency of macroecological and evolutionary processes driving species diversity gradients.
Association between triglyceride glucose‐body mass index and hypertension in Chinese adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Deng Danying , Chen Chaolei , Wang Jiabin , Luo Songyuan , Feng Yingqing
Published: March 2023

The triglyceride glucose‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI) has been considered an alternative marker of insulin resistance (IR). This cross‐sectional study was designed to mainly investigate the association between TyG‐BMI, triglyceride glucose combined with body mass index, and hypertension in Chinese adults. The relationship between TyG‐BMI and hypertension was examined by multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model. Multiple logistic regression models were also performed to examine the associations between the individual components of TyG‐BMI (BMI, TyG index, TG and FBG) and hypertension. The incremental ability of TyG‐BMI versus its individual components for hypertension discrimination was evaluated by C‐statistic and net reclassification index. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine potential interactions. A total of 92,545 participants (38.9% men, mean age 53.7 years) were included for final analysis. Logistic regression models showed TyG‐BMI and its individual components were all significantly associated with the odds of hypertension (p for trend < .001). The restricted cubic spline regression manifested a linear association between TyG‐BMI and hypertension (p for non‐linear = .062). The addition of TyG‐BMI, in comparison with each individual component, exhibited the maximum incremental value for the discrimination of hypertension on the basis of base model (C‐statistic: 0.679, 95% CI: 0.675‐0.683 for base model vs. 0.695, 95% CI: 0.691‐0.699 for base model + TyG‐BMI; net reclassification index: 0.226, 95% CI: 0.215‐0.234). TyG‐BMI was significantly associated with the odds of hypertension and can be a better discriminator of hypertension.
Exploring Indian Child Welfare Act implementation and case outcomes
Authors: Summers Alicia
Published: March 2023

Despite the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) more than four decades ago, little is known about how or how well it is being implemented into practice by the state courts or how implementation may be related to improved outcomes for Indian children and families. This study explores how ICWA implementation in five state court sites is related to case outcomes. One hundred and fifty‐one ICWA cases were reviewed for factors including active efforts findings, tribal presence at hearings, use of qualified expert witness (QEW) testimony, notice, and confirmation of ICWA status. Results are mixed. Specific ICWA implementation measures and aggregate measures were mostly not related to outcomes, but early implementation, such as having the tribe present at the first hearing, did appear related to timely permanency. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
The effectiveness of an ICWA Court at achieving improved ICWA implementation and outcomes: A pre‐post intervention study
Authors: Gatowski Sophia , Summers Alicia , Bussey Bree
Published: March 2023

This article presents findings from a quasi‐experimental study of the St. Louis County (Duluth, Minnesota) ICWA Court examining its effectiveness at achieving improved ICWA implementation and a better case process and outcomes for Indian families. Using a case file review method, cases prior to implementing the ICWA Court were compared to post‐ICWA Court cases on demographics, case characteristics, application of ICWA requirements, presence of parties at hearings, achievement of child permanency outcomes, and permanency timeliness. Compared to pre‐ICWA Court, this study found several statistically significant improvements in the ICWA Court's handling of cases, including taking less time to confirm the case as an ICWA case, greater appearance of tribal representatives by the Dispositional review hearing stage, more active efforts findings, more placements with relatives at earlier stages of the case, more placement with relative outcomes when reunifications were not possible, and timelier permanency.
Intrahousehold power inequalities and cooperation: Unpacking household responses to nutrition‐sensitive agriculture interventions in rural India
Authors: Harris‐Fry Helen , Prost Audrey , Beaumont Emma , Fivian Emily , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Parida Manoj , Pradhan Ronali , Sahu Satyapriya , Padhan Shibanath , Mishra Naba K. , Rath Shibanand , Rath Suchitra , Koniz‐Booher Peggy , Allen Elizabeth , Kadiyala Suneetha
Published: March 2023

Nutrition‐sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions offer a means to improve the dietary quality of rural, undernourished populations. Their effectiveness could be further increased by understanding how household dynamics enable or inhibit the uptake of NSA behaviours. We used a convergent parallel mixed‐methods design to describe the links between household dynamics—specifically intrahousehold power inequalities and intrahousehold cooperation—and dietary quality and to explore whether household dynamics mediated or modified the effects of NSA interventions tested in a cluster‐randomized trial, Upscaling Participatory Action and Videos for Agriculture and Nutrition (UPAVAN). We use quantitative data from cross‐sectional surveys in 148 village clusters at UPAVAN's baseline and 32 months afterwards (endline), and qualitative data from family case studies and focus group discussions with intervention participants and facilitators. We found that households cooperated to grow and buy nutritious foods, and gendered power inequalities were associated with women's dietary quality, but cooperation and women's use of power was inhibited by several interlinked factors. UPAVAN interventions were more successful in more supportive, cooperative households, and in some cases, the interventions increased women's decision‐making power. However, women's decisions to enter into negotiations with family members depended on whether women deemed the practices promoted by UPAVAN interventions to be feasible, as well as women's confidence and previous cultivation success. We conclude that interventions may be more effective if they can elicit cooperation from the whole household. This will require a move towards more family‐centric intervention models that empower women while involving other family members and accounting for the varied ways that families cooperate and negotiate.
Hooked on a Feeling: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Through the Lens of Emotion
Authors: Edinger Harald
Published: March 2023

This article tests the plausibility of an affect‐centered framework for foreign policy analysis, using the 2014 annexation of Crimea as an illustrative case. It identifies questions left open by prevailing accounts based on international relations theory and shows how a supplementary conceptual lens can improve existing explanations. The affective perspective suggests that the Russian president deemed intervention in Ukraine without alternative. Otherwise, Russia would have surrendered any claim to relevance in European security. More saliently, the ouster of Yanukovych, as a possible precedent for Russia, frightened Putin and increased his resolve to take action. Also, contrary to the interpretation of the annexation as an improvised reaction to a political crisis, evidence suggests that the Russian elite welcomed the opportunity to break free from uncomfortable partnership dynamics with the West.
The effect of socially evaluated multitasking stress on typing rhythms
Authors: Wetherell Mark A. , Lau Shing‐Hon , Maxion Roy A.
Published: March 2023

Individuals have unique typing rhythms characterized by specific keystroke dynamics. Changes in state and cardiovascular responding are well documented manifestations of the fight‐flight response to stress. However, as stress also leads to changes in muscle tone and motor control, typing rhythms may also be impacted. We aim to determine which individuals are experiencing stress through their typing rhythms and identify universal keystroke markers of stress. Participants (N = 116) typed 80 repetitions of a 6‐word, 30‐character phrase before and after 15 min of critically evaluated multitasking stress. Cardiovascular, hemodynamic, and state variables were compared across baseline, stress, and recovery periods and measures of typing rhythm were derived for each period and classified using machine‐learning algorithms. Critically evaluated multitasking led to significant changes in all stress measures, demonstrating highly robust stress reactivity. Machine learning algorithms accurately classified stressed typing for each individual based on their typing rhythms; however, no universal keystroke markers of stress were identified. Using typing rhythms. We were able to determine whether an individual was stressed or not, but the markers used for classification differed between individuals. These individual changes may provide opportunities for identifying stressful periods through keystroke monitoring, as well as the potential for early identification of disorders which may impact fine motor control. Typing rhythms could therefore be used to monitor health and well‐being in individuals who use keyboards in various situations. This is the first rigorous assessment of stress and typing rhythms and has led to the development of a feasible and highly reproducible research protocol.
Sex‐ and age‐related differences in the rating of perceived exertion after high‐intensity rowing exercise during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Bardin Joffrey , Maciejewski Hugo , Diry Allison , Droit‐Volet Sylvie , Thomas Claire , Ratel Sébastien
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of age and sex on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during high‐intensity exercise and determine whether mechanical and physiological parameters could be predictors of RPE during childhood and adolescence. Forty‐three boys and 36 girls performed a 60‐s all‐out test on a rowing ergometer and were categorized by age group (10.0–11.9; 12.0–13.9; 14.0–15.9; 16.0–17.9 years) and sex. Ratings of perceived exertion were assessed using the 6–20 RPE and CR‐10 scales and analyzed with respect to mechanical work rate (Wtot), post‐exercise peak blood lactate concentration ([La]peak), and peak minute ventilation (V̇Epeak). Multilevel regression modeling revealed a significant influence of Wtot, [La]peak and V̇Epeak on 6–20 RPE and CR‐10 scores (r2 = .34 and .36, p < .001, respectively). However, while boys perceived high‐intensity exercise as being subjectively more difficult than girls at all ages (p < .05) except 12.0–13.9 years, significant higher mechanical work rate and greater associated metabolic responses in boys than girls were only found from the age of 14 years (Wtot and V̇Epeak) or 16 years ([La]peak), suggesting that the association between RPE and mechanical/physiological parameters could not be held before the age of 12 years. To conclude, RPE increased with increasing age, with boys exhibiting higher scores than girls at all ages except 12.0–13.9 years. This finding is probably explained by the higher Wtot and greater concomitant metabolic responses in boys at the time of puberty. However, other factors should be considered at least in children before the age of 12 years.
Impact of capital regulation on interest rate pass‐through in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gondwe Sopani , Gwatidzo Tendai , Mahonye Nyasha
Published: March 2023

Using monthly data from 2005 to 2019, we employ a dynamic heterogeneous cross‐sectionally autoregressive distributed lag (CS‐ARDL) model to examine the impact of higher regulatory capital requirements on the interest rate pass‐through (IRPT) to bank lending and deposit rates in 22 Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Two key findings emerge from the investigation: (i) the average IRPT in SSA is incomplete in the long run, and (ii) stringent (higher) regulatory capital requirements reduce the pass‐through of monetary policy to commercial bank lending and deposit rates. The findings suggest that although higher regulatory capital requirements are an effective macro‐prudential tool for enhancing the stability of the banking sector, they could also have the unintended consequences of limiting economic expansion. This trade‐off calls for a careful analysis and balance in the implementation of monetary and bank regulatory policies in the region.
Sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of Barremian synrift barrier island–estuarine depositional systems from blended field and drone‐derived data
Authors: Soria Ana R. , Liesa Carlos L. , Navarrete Rocío , Rodríguez‐López Juan Pedro
Published: March 2023

The Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) Camarillas Formation in the Galve Sub‐basin of eastern Spain is an exceptionally muddy, synrift, aggradational then retrogradational paralic succession. Deposition within these arid, equatorial paralic systems was strongly controlled by crustal rifting of the Iberia plate linked to the geodynamic evolution of the Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay and the Tethys Ocean. Although synsedimentary extensional tectonics controlled thickness and facies distributions, the parasequence stacking patterns point to a superimposed high‐order allogenic control on the paralic succession. Field data and drone imagery are combined to document changes in sedimentology and three‐dimensional stratigraphic architecture of these deposits to interpret changes in depositional environments as this basin filled. Three evolutionary stages are identified: (i) tide‐dominated estuary; (ii) mixed‐energy estuary, with a well‐developed wave‐dominated barrier island system; and (iii) barrier island–tidal inlet suite. An exceptional record of back‐barrier‐island depositional interactions is preserved in this high‐subsidence, extensional‐basin setting, including deposition of washover fans, flood‐tidal deltas and ebb‐tidal deltas. Drone‐derived imagery facilitates three‐dimensional architectural characterization of these complex paralic deposits, including multi‐episodic tidal inlets, and correlation of basin scale stratigraphic markers. Spatio‐temporal interactions between climate change, sea‐level variations and rift‐related subsidence generated complex estuarine and barrier island geobodies. The general transgressive trend recorded in the Camarillas Formation correlates well with global eustatic sea‐level rise during the Barremian.
Adaptation of the virtual fields method for the identification of biphasic hyperelastic model parameters in soft biological tissues with osmotic swelling
Authors: Shi Ruike , Avril Stéphane , Yang Haitian , Acosta Santamaría Víctor , Mei Yue , He Yiqian
Published: March 2023

Biphasic hyperelastic models have become popular for soft hydrated tissues, and there is a pressing need for appropriate identification methods using full‐field measurement techniques such as digital volume correlation. This paper proposes to address this need with the virtual fields method (VFM). The main asset of the proposed approach is that it avoids the repeated resolution of complex nonlinear finite element models. By choosing special virtual fields, the VFM approach can extract hyperelastic parameters of the solid part of the biphasic medium without resorting to identifying the model parameters driving the osmotic effects in the interstitial fluid. The proposed approach is verified and validated through three different examples: the first and second using simulated data and then the third using experimental data obtained from porcine descending thoracic aortas samples in osmotically active solution.
The need for rare blood programs is real
Authors: Lomas‐Francis Christine , Thornton Nicole , Nance Sandra Taddei
Published: March 2023

See article on page 670–678, in this issue
Translation: The Implementation of Molina and Albir's Theory in a Movie From English into Indonesian
Authors: Purba Anita , Sinurat Bloner , Purba Ridwin , Dhillon Bobby Pramjit Singh , Fatmawati Endang , Saputra Nanda
Published: March 2023

The research aims to analyze the types of translation techniques found in the film Raya and the last dragon (2021). The translation techniques applied in Indonesian subtitles. Qualitative methods are used in this study to reveal findings using the concept of Molina and Albir's translation techniques. The study chose this film as the subject of analysis because it is interesting to know more about the translation techniques in the film. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This type of research is for content analysis explaining the techniques used by translators in translating the script for the film Raya and the last dragon (2021). In collecting and analyzing data, the researchers used concept, namely comparing the texts to identify, calculate, and conclude the results of the study. The results showed that the most dominant were 36 data indicating the translation techniques found in Film Raya and the last dragon (2021). Namely literal translations (22%) and established equivalents (17%), and there are also equivalents, namely modulation (17%), variation (13%), borrowing (11%), discursive creation (5%), calque (3%), linguistic compression (3%), 1reduction (3%), substitution (3%), amplification (3%). The dominant translation found is the Literal Translation which contains 8 data and 22% in the script for the film Raya and the last dragon movie.
Counting rational points on projective varieties
Authors: Salberger Per
Published: March 2023

We develop a global version of Heath‐Brown's p‐adic determinant method to study the asymptotic behaviour of the number N(W; B) of rational points of height at most B on certain subvarieties W of Pn defined over Q. The most important application is a proof of the dimension growth conjecture of Heath‐Brown and Serre for all integral projective varieties of degree d ≥ 2 over Q. For projective varieties of degree d ≥ 4, we prove a uniform version N(W; B) = Od,n,ε(Bdim W+ε) of this conjecture. We also use our global determinant method to improve upon previous estimates for quasi‐projective surfaces. If, for example, is the complement of the lines on a non‐singular surface X ⊂ P3 of degree d, then we show that . For surfaces defined by forms with non‐zero coefficients, then we use a new geometric result for Fermat surfaces to show that for B ≥ e.
Stability Analysis and Distortion Compensation of Robot Structure Dynamics for a Hybrid Simulator
Authors: Qi Chenkun , Li Dongjin , Hu Yan , Gao Feng , Wang Wenlong , Ma Wei
Published: March 2023

The space docking process must be simulated on the ground to guarantee the success of the space docking task. By synthesizing a physical simulation and a numerical simulation, a hybrid simulator can simulate the complicated contact process of space docking. A hybrid simulator consists of a robot (i.e., lower platform), upper platform, docking mechanisms, contact force and torque measurement system, and numerical simulation system. To ensure the simulation accuracy, the robot is expected to have a high structure stiffness, high structure natural frequency, and high bandwidth frequency response. However, these performances are always limited in implementation. In this paper, how the structural dynamics of the robot affect the hybrid simulation accuracy is studied. Due to the structural dynamics of the robot, the divergence and convergence of the hybrid simulation are both possible. The stability conditions are given. A distortion compensation method for the structure dynamics of the robot is proposed. The stability analysis after the compensation is given. The software emulations and experiments are used to verify the analysis and the distortion compensation method. Experiments on real docking mechanisms are given to show the applications.