bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital admission time and acute myocardial infarction outcomes in elderly patients from Central Asia
Authors: Nikishin A. G. , Kurbanov R. D. , Pirnazarov M. M.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To identify the specifics of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) clinical course and to study the association between clinical outcomes and hospital admission time among elderly patients from Central Asia. Material and methods. In total, 508 AMI patients were divided into the main group (MG), which included 298 men and women aged over 65 years, and the control group (CG; n=210). The analysed parameters included mean time between AMI onset and hospital admission; percentage of patients hospitalised within first 6 hours; percentage of patients administered streptokinase; streptokinase effectiveness; clinical course of AMI; and in-hospital outcomes. Results. Mean hospital admission time was significantly higher in the MG, compared to the CG: 1220±165 vs. 977±88 minutes (p<0,05). Out of 188 MG patients with ST segment elevation, thrombolytic therapy (TLT) was administered to 14,3 %; in the CG (149 patients with ST segment elevation), the respective percentage was 25,5 %. Clinical course of AMI was similar in both groups. However, the MG was characterised by a significantly higher risk of death (9,4 % vs. 2,86 %; F=0,001; OR 3,53, 95 % CI 1,43—8,67), acute heart failure (33,89 % vs. 21,9 %; F=0,001; OR 1,83, 95 % CI 1,22—2,74), or chronic heart failure (41,31 % vs. 24,76 %; F=0,000; OR 2,62, 95 % CI 1,78—3,86). Conclusion. Elderly patients faced a lower chance of myocardial reperfusion, due to later hospital admission and lower TLT effectiveness, and, as a result, had a higher risk of heart failure.
Metabolic syndrome as a clinical manifestation of endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Kirichenko L. L. , Ovsyannikov K. V. , Fedoseev A. N. , Shklyarov A. M. , Korolev A. P.
Published: October 2019

Metabolic syndrome (MS) has recently gained more clinical attention due to its increasing prevalence and association with adverse prognosis. One of the main pathological features of MS is endothelial dysfunction. It plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular MS complications. Therefore, effective therapy aimed at the normalization of endothelial function should be a part of pathogenetic management of MS patients.
Cardiovascular prevention from childhood: challenges and successes
Authors: Alexandrov A. A.
Published: October 2019

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Optimal therapeutic strategy for treating patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis: focus on olmesartan medoxomil
Authors: Mason R. P.
Published: October 2019

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major factor in mortality rates around the world and contributes to more than one-third of deaths in the US. The underlying cause of CV disease is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory process that is clinically manifested as coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, or peripheral artery disease. It has been predicted that atherosclerosis will be the primary cause of death in the world by 2020. Consequently, developing a treatment regimen that can slow or even reverse the atherosclerotic process is imperative. Atherogenesis is initiated by endothelial injury due to oxidative stress associated with CV risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Since the renin– angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in vascular inflammatory responses, hypertension treatment with RAAS-blocking agents (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs] and angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs]) may slow inflammatory processes and disease progression. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has an important role in the process of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Therefore, agents that increase NO and decrease oxidative stress, such as ARBs and ACEIs, may interfere with atherosclerosis. Studies show that angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism with an ARB improves endothelial function and reduces atherogenesis. In patients with hypertension, the ARB olmesartan medoxomil provides effective blood pressure lowering, with inflammatory marker studies demonstrating significant RAAS suppression. Several prospective, randomized studies show vascular benefits with olmesartan medoxomil: reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with stable angina pectoris (OLIVUS); decreased vascular inflammatory markers in patients with hypertension and micro- (pre-clinical) inflammation (EUTOPIA); improved common carotid intima-media thickness and plaque volume in patients with diagnosed atherosclerosis (MORE); and resistance vessel remodeling in patients with stage 1 hypertension (VIOS). Although CV outcomes were not assessed in these studies, the observed benefits in surrogate endpoints of disease suggest that RAAS suppression with olmesartan medoxomil may potentially have beneficial effects on CV outcomes in these patient populations.
Long-term magnesium orotate therapy in patients with mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Martynov A. I. , Akatova A. V. , Nikolin O. P.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of long-term treatment with magnesium orotate (Magnerot®), as a pathogenetic therapy, in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Material and methods. In total, 31 MVP patients, administered Magnerot® (1500 mg/d) in three-month courses, twice a year, were followed up for 15 years. All patients underwent a complex clinical and instrumental examination which included clinical assessment, M-mode and B-mode echocardiography with simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG), standard 12-lead ECG at rest, 24-hour ECG monitoring, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM), and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. Results. The study identified the specifics of clinical features, their association with the degree of phenotypical manifestation of connective tissue dysplasia, ECG changes, heart valve structure, autonomic homeostasis, BP levels and circadian profile, and sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. There was a significant reduction in mean and maximal heart rate, the number of tachycardia episodes, QTc interval duration, as well as the incidence of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, supraventricular and ventricular extrasystolia. Maximal systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) levels, BP load, and initially increased SBP and DBP variability were significantly reduced. The retrospective analysis results showed a normalisation of the above-mentioned parameters in all participants. The sympathetic tone decreased, as demonstrated by a twofold reduction in the number of patients with sympathicotonia, a threefold increase in the number of participants with vagotonia, and a five-fold increase in the number of individuals with balanced sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. Conclusion. One-half of the examined MVP patients, who were administered a long-term Magnerot® therapy, have demonstrated a significant improvement in the treatment effectiveness index.
Complex assessment of cardiovascular risk factors at Health Centres
Authors: Avdeeva M. V.
Published: October 2019

Aim.To assess the potential of Health Centres in identification of individuals at higher cardiovascular risk.Material and methods.In total, 1583 individuals (mean age 51,79±14,75 years) participated in a complex screening programme, including laboratory and instrumental examination.Results.The screening resulted in identification of individuals with high normal blood pressure (HNBP) and newly diagnosed arterial hypertension (AH) (prevalence 21%). In participants with HNBP, a combination of 2 risk factors (RFs) was the most prevalent (37,79%), while in people with newly diagnosed AH, a combination of 3 RFs was the most common (39,88%). The prevalence of autonomic dysfunction or “Myocardium” parameter increase, as an isolated RF, reached 8,84% and 9,45%, respectively. Abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) values were registered in 29,66% of the participants. In 18,97%, ABI values exceeded 1,3, while in 10,69%, they were under 0,9. ABI screening identified 11% of asymptomatic individuals with increased cardiovascular risk.Conclusion.A screening programme could identify individuals with preAH, primary autonomic dysfunction, functional myocardial instability, or subclinical atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries. Therefore, all subjects with increased cardiovascular risk require lifestyle modification and additional laboratory and instrumental examination, in order to assess the target organ damage and the need for pathogenetic therapy.
Overweight in an urban Siberian population: 12-year trends
Authors: Akimova E. V. , Gakova E. I. , Kayumov R. Kh. , Zagorodnykh E. Yu. , Smaznova O. V. , Kayumova M. M. , Gafarov V. V. , Kuznetsov V. A.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To assess the levels of body mass index (BMI) in an urban Siberian population of 25-64-year-old men; to investigate the prevalence of overweight (OW) and its dynamics over the 12-year period of the population monitoring. Material and methods. The study included two randomised, electoral list-based samples of 25-64-year-old male residents of one Tumen City district. Each sample included 1000 individuals (250 in each 10-year age group – 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64 years). The response rates for the first and second cardiologic screenings (1996 and 2008) were 79,5% and 85,2%, respectively. Results. In the male Tumen population, OW was more prevalent in middle-aged people. Obesity (O) was more prevalent in men with primary education or non-strenuous manual occupation. No considerable social gradient in OW was observed. Conclusion. Over 12 years, the male Tumen population, aged 25-64 years, has demonstrated an increase in O and OW prevalence, mostly due to increasing BMI levels in younger age groups. The 12-year trends have shown that the increase in O prevalence takes place one decade earlier.
Cardiovascular disease manifestations in Chernobyl liquidators: 25 years later. Clinico-analytical review
Authors: Telkova I. L.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To analyse the results of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) monitoring and the specifics of CVD manifestations in Chernobyl liquidators, who were exposed to “low” radiation doses 25 years ago. Material and methods. In total, 402 Chernobyl liquidators were examined. One hundred eighty five individuals have been followed up for 15 years (1994-2009) and underwent primary and repeat cardiologic examination, such as coronary artery (CA) angiography, endomyocardial biopsy, computed spiral tomography of CA, peripheral artery ultrasound, and the assessment of hormone levels, carbohydrate metabolism, and cardiovascular function. Results. At the first stage of cardiovascular monitoring (1995-1999), the most prevalent forms of CVD among Chernobyl liquidators were arterial hypertension, AH (70,3%) and/or coronary microvascular coronary heart disease, MVCHD (58,9%). Ten-fifteen years later, the prevalence of AH had not changed substantially. The prevalence of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD) had increased, partly due to CA atherosclerosis development in patients with earlier diagnosed MVCHD. Severity, manifestations, and outcomes of CVD in Chernobyl liquidators were dependent on a range of factors, such as age, duration and doses of radiation exposure, and subsequent lifestyle and work characteristics. Conclusion. Stabilisation of AH pathomorphosis and prevention of atherosclerotic progression of MVCHD were associated with early diagnostics of vascular pathology and effective CVD prevention.
Vitamin D role in arterial hypertension development
Authors: Dudinskaya E. N. , Tkacheva O. N.
Published: October 2019

Recently obtained data have identified potential mechanisms linking D-endocrine system and blood pressure regulation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with calcium metabolism disregulation, increased tonus of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome development. The evidence presented suggests a possibility for developing a new, vitamin D-derived class of antihypertensive medications. This review discusses the mechanisms of arterial hypertension development which are related to vitamin D metabolism in humans.
Therapy potential for the correction of cardiovascular disturbances in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tatarchenko I. P. , Pozdnyakova N. V. , Mordovina A. G. , Morozova O. I. , Rubleva E. V.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the dynamics of left ventricular (LV) structure and function, as well as vasomotor activity of arterial endothelium, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and diastolic heart failure (DHF) who are treated with an angiotensin II receptor antagonist olmesartan. Material and methods. The study included 56 patients (26 men and 30 women; mean age 58,2±5,3 years) with NYHA Functional Class I-II chronic heart failure (CHF), diastolic LV dysfunction (abnormal relaxation), and LV ejection fraction (EF) >50%. Other inclusion criteria were DM-2 duration <15 years and per os glucoselowering treatment. Results. The major pathogenetic mechanisms of LV diastolic dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction in DM-2 are linked to the development of central sympathetic hyperactivation and activation of the tissue reninangiotensin system. Conclusion. After 30 weeks of olmesartan therapy, LV structure and geometry, LV diastolic function, and vasomotor activity of arterial endothelium had improved, which was expected to reduce the risk of myocardial ischemia.
Association between C-reactive protein and blood pressure in a cohort of elderly Muscovites: epidemiological study data
Authors: Shalnova S. A. , Zhukova V. A. , Metelskaya V. A. , Deev A. D. , Khudyakov M. B. , Aleksandri A. L. , Balanova Yu. A. , Kapustina A. V. , Konstantinov V. V. , Kukushkin S. K. , Platonova E. V. , Shkolnikova M. A. , Kiseleva N. V.
Published: October 2019

Background. The elevation of blood pressure (BP) affects the development of vascular inflammation. At the same time, it has been suggested that inflammation itself could be an independent risk factor (RF) of arterial hypertension (AH) development. Aim. To investigate whether the association between increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and AH is independent from classical RFs. Material and methods. The data were obtained during a crosssectional survey of 1876 Muscovites (47,9% men) aged ≥55 years, who participated in the prospective study “Stress, Ageing, and Health in Russia”. In all participants, socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviours, parameters of anthropometry and rest electrocardiography (ECG) were assessed. The levels of BP and blood lipids were also measured. The outcome variable was an increase in CRP levels (>3 mg/l). Statistical methods included logistic regression; the risk estimates were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. There was a positive link between AH and CRP levels of >3 mg/l. After adjustment for age and sex, OR of increased CRP levels in hypertensive participants vs. their AH-free peers was 1,688 (95% CI 1,323-2,154; p=0,0001). In the final model (adjustment for age, sex, educational level, smoking, alcohol consumption, abdominal obesity, high atherogenicity index, and coronary heart disease, CHD), this effect remained statistically significant (OR 1,450; 95% CI 1,127-1,864; p=0,004). Conclusion. In elderly Muscovites, a positive association between increased CRP levels and the elevation of BP was independent from RFs and CHD.
Arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: treatment resistance and the role of autonomic dysfunction
Authors: Rostorotskaya V. V. , Elgardt I. A. , Ivanov A. P. , Sdobnyakova N. S.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the role of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in the development of treatment resistance in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). To assess the effects of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, as one of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of inadequate blood pressure (BP) reduction in patients with AH and OSAS. Material and methods. The study included 365 ambulatory AH patients: 194 with OSAS and 161 with resistance to antihypertensive therapy after 6-15 months. The 24-hour BP monitoring (BPM) and 24-hour cardio-respiratory monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG), with heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, were performed. Results. Among patients with AH and OSAS, most individuals had low antihypertensive therapy compliance. All parameters of 24-hour BPM in this group were lower than in OSAS-free hypertensives, and this difference was more pronounced in patients with lower treatment compliance, particularly for pulse BP and HR. HRV parameters correlated with apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and BP levels during 24-hour BPM. However, in multivariate analyses, these correlations were observed only for HRV parameters and AHI. Conclusion. In AH patients, OSAS aggravates the clinical course of the disease. ANS dysfunction could be one of the mechanisms underlying the development of antihypertensive treatment resistance.
Effectiveness and safety of the full-dose combination therapy with perindopril A and indapamide (10 mg/2,5 mg) in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Glezer M. G. , Avakyan A. A.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To assess the effectiveness and safety of the full-dose combination therapy with perindopril (10 mg) and indapamide (2,5 mg) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. The simple, non-randomised, prospective study included 36 patients with Stage 1-2 AH. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by the reduction in office blood pressure (BP) levels, results of the 24-hour BP monitoring (BPM), morning BP surge (MS), BP load area and time, BP variability, and diurnal index. Safety parameters included the levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, hepatic aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, and the presence of hypotension episodes. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 12. Results. The three-month therapy resulted in the achievement of target levels of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) in 83% and 100% of the patients, respectively. According to the 24-hour BPM results, there was a significant reduction in the levels of SBP24 (from 148,3±18,2 to 134±11,1 mm Hg; p=0,001), DBP (from 84,8±12,3 to 76,9±9,1 mm Hg; p=0,001), and pulse BP (from 64,0±14,6 to 58,4±9,6 mm Hg; p=0,012). There was also a significant reduction in the load time indices of SBPday (from 72,5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 43,3-95,3) to 46,5% (95% CI 16,3-64,0); p=0,001) and DBPday (from 84,5% (54,0-100,0) to 57,0% (35,0-82,3); p=0,002). MS velocity decreased for both SBP (from 16,4 (12,5-25,1) to 12,7 (10,8-15,8) mm Hg (p=0,017) and DBP (from 15,8 (10,2-22,0) to 12,2 (9,3-17,8) mm Hg (p=0,019). During the therapy course, no hypotension episodes or marked changes in blood biochemistry and electrolyte parameters were registered. Conclusion. Initiating antihypertensive therapy with a full-dose combination of perindopril and indapamide was both effective and safe.
Predictive value of syncope in pulmonary embolism
Authors: Kurakina E. A. , Duplyakov D. V. , Khokhlunov S. M. , Kozupitsa G. S.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To assess the predictive value of syncope in the clinical course of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Material and methods. The study included 117 PTE patients (62 men and 55 women; mean age 51,86±13,4 years). High and intermediate risk of fatal outcome was observed in 37 and 80 patients, respectively. In all participants, PTE diagnosis was verified by pulmonary artery (PA) computed tomography. All patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=35) with syncope registered 1-30 days ago (median time 1 day) and Group II (n=82) without syncope. The groups were comparable by age, gender, time of the clinical onset, clinical risk of PTE, and PA pressure levels. However, in Group I patients, the prevalence of high risk of fatal outcome was twice as high as in Group II participants (45,7% vs. 25,6%; p=0,032). To compare the thrombolysis therapy (TLT) independent levels of in-hospital mortality, the two TLT-free subgroups – 1 (14 patients with syncope) and 2 (58 patients without syncope) – were identified. Results. Syncope was associated with massive PA embolism (60% in Group I vs. 39% in Group II; p=0,036), often accompanied by shock/ hypotension (49% vs. 28%, respectively; p=0,032). Group I patients required TLT twice as often as Group II subjects (p=0,001), which resulted in reduced in-hospital mortality levels among individuals with syncope (p=0,048). Overall, both groups did not differ significantly by the levels of in-hospital mortality, while syncope patients demonstrated a tendency towards increased mortality (14,2% and 8,5%; p=0,35). However, in the absence of TLT, mortality levels reached 28,5% (4/14) in Subgroup 1 and 8,6% (8/58) in Subgroup 2 (p=0,042). Conclusion. Syncope in patients with possible PTE should be regarded as a marker of high risk of in-hospital death, due to a high prevalence of embolism in the PA trunk and main branches. TLT could improve the inhospital prognosis. To clarify the issue of prognostic value of syncope in PTE, further studies are necessary.
Knowledge of modern principles of rational cardiovascular therapy in Moscow primary care physicians: survey-based assessment
Authors: Kheliya T. G. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Selivanova G. B. , Lukina Yu. V. , Drozdova L. Yu. , Voronina V. P.
Published: October 2019

Aim.To assess the knowledge of primary care physicians on the choice of medications for the long-term treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD); on the control of pharmacological therapy effectiveness and safety; and on the selection of optimal medications for specific clinical situations.Material and methods.In 2010, a voluntary survey of Moscow physicians working at specialised and municipal out-patient clinics was conducted. The number of participants was 281 (response rate 70%).Results.Thirty percent of the physicians correctly identified a selective β-adrenoblocker (β-AB) from the list of various medications. Typical adverse effects of statins, β-ABs, and calcium antagonists were known to 33%, 66,4%, and 38%, respectively. Every fifth respondent (22,6%) would recommend ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (captopril or losartan) to pregnant women. Sixty six percent of the participants identified the patients’ unwillingness to simultaneously take many medications and the fear of adverse effects (AE) as the major barriers to prescribing modern complex pharmacological therapy.Conclusion.Specialised questionnaires, used for interactive voting, and point-based assessment system provided an opportunity to identify the inadequate physicians’ knowledge of pharmacological therapyrelated AE and of the AE registration system. Poor knowledge of clinical recommendations affects the physicians’ ability to make correct decisions in specific clinical situations.
Angioprotection role in arterial hypertension treatment: focus on olmesartan
Authors: Nebieridze D. V. , Safaryan A. S. , Ivanishina T. V. , Vinnitskaya N. L.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the role of organoprotection in arterial hypertension treatment. The results of international studies on effectiveness of olmesartan, a modern angiotensin II receptor antagonist, are presented. The available evidence confirms not only a strong antihypertensive effect of olmesartan, but also its vasoprotective characteristics. Olmesartan reduces vascular inflammation, facilitates the regression of vascular wall hypertrophy, and reduces the volume of atherosclerotic plaque. In Russia, the medication Cardosal® has become available relatively recently. Due to the extensive evidence base confirming its antihypertensive and vasoprotective effects, this medication appears promising for various clinical groups of Russian hypertensives. Not only adequate blood pressure control, but also effective reduction in the risk of cardiovascular complications could be expected.
The role of inflammatory markers in atrial fibrillation: a review
Authors: Grigoryan S. V. , Adamyan K. G. , Azarapetyan L. G.
Published: October 2019

This review is focused on the role of latent inflammation in atrial fibrillation (AF) pathogenesis. The modern views and available evidence on the association between the levels of inflammatory markers and AF development and recurrence are presented. The justification for the use of pleiotropic effects of pharmacological therapy in AF prevention and treatment is discussed.
Antiischemic effects of metoprolol and the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in angina patients
Authors: Bochkareva E. V. , Alexandrovich O. V. , Bardybakhin P. Yu. , Butina E. K. , Kucheryavaya N. G. , Ozerova I. N. , Metelskaya V. A.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the association between antiischemic effects (AIE) of metoprolol (MP), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in patients with stable angina (SA). Material and methods. The study included 28 male patients, aged 46-68 years, with stable effort angina, Functional Class II-III, and positive exercise stress test (EST). The time of the ST segment depression by ≥1 mm defined the threshold exercise stress time. MP in a selected dose was administered twice a day, for one month. Its hemodynamic effects were assessed by the dynamics of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and double product (DP). Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed at baseline (before MP administration) and after one month of MP treatment. Tissue insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (IR) were assessed by ISI0.120 and HOMA-IR parameters, respectively. Results. AIE was registered in 57% of the patients, while 43% failed to demonstrate it. Both groups did not differ by the extent of MP impact on the levels of HR, BP, and DP. The presence or absence of AIE was linked to selected parameters of glucose metabolism. In patients with AIE, the pre-treatment levels of glucose and insulin 2 hours after glucose load were higher (p=0,028 and 0,043, respectively) and ISI1,120 values lower than in patients without AIE (p=0,023). Among participants with AIE, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was observed in 4 at baseline and in 8 one month later; among patients without AIE, IGT was not registered. Conclusion. For the first time, the presence of AIE during MP therapy of SA patients was linked to the decreased insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues (ISI0.120). Paired EST with a single MP dose at baseline provides an opportunity to identify the patients with a higher risk of metabolic disturbances during the longer-term MP treatment.
Physical activity, vasomotor endothelial function, and arterial stiffness
Authors: Noskov S. M. , Zavodchikov A. A. , Evgenyeva A. V. , Lavrukhina A. A. , Chamorovskyi A. N. , Prokopenko O. N. , Poletaeva V. S.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the prevalence of selected parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis and their association with muscle function and muscle volume in patients with different levels of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Material and methods. The study included 20 patients (11 men and 9 women; mean age 54,5±8,5 years) with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD; mean duration 6,4±2,3 years) in the main group (MG), as well as 20 CCHD-free people in the control group (CG). Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and calculated carotid-femoral index (CFI). Endothelial function was assessed by endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) in the reactive hyperemia (RH) test. Common carotid artery (CCA) ultrasound was performed in order to assess intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. All participants underwent veloergometry (VEM); exercise capacity (EC) was measured by calculated metabolic equivalents (MET). Muscle tissue volume was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. The percentage of active muscle mass (%AMM) and fat-free muscle mass (%FFM), out of the total body mass, was calculated. Results. Increased CFI values >12 m/s, as a marker of adverse prognosis, were observed in 20% CCHD patients and in 10% of controls (z=0,17; p=0,87). Vasomotor endothelial dysfunction (EDVD <10%) was registered in 65% and 50%, respectively (z=0,74; p=0,46), while increased IMT values >0,9 mm were observed in 55% and 15%, respectively (z=2,3; p=0,02). Most patients with pathologically increased arterial stiffness and vasomotor endothelial dysfunction had low EC. In CCHD patients with low EC, CFI significantly correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=-0,32; p<0,05; and r=-0,36; p<0,05, respectively). EDVD significantly correlated with both %AMM and %FFM (r=0,47; p<0,05; and r=0,5; p<0,05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between CFI and EDVD (r=-0,3; p<0,05). In CG participants with low EC, EDVD correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=0723; p<0,05 and r=0,7; p<0,05, respectively). In both groups, %AMM and %FFM correlated with MET (r=0,49; p<0,05 and r=0,55; p<0,05, respectively; r=0,34; p<0,05 and r=0,31; p<0,05, respectively). Conclusion. EDVD and PWV reflect the lower PA levels and functional disadaptation of CCHD patients, which can result in a faster progression of atherosclerosis.
Multiple-set resistance exercise in essential arterial hypertension
Authors: Golovunina I. S. , Mukharlyamov F. Yu. , Rassulova M. A. , Ivanova E. S.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To assess the effects of the multiple-set resistance exercise on the functional status of patients with Stage II essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Material and methods. In total, 40 patients with Stage II EAH, aged 45-55 years, took part in the physical rehabilitation programme, including exercise training on the resistance exercise machine. In the control group, weight lifting was followed by the complete relaxation of involved muscle groups and, therefore, a fast weight lowering. In the main group, the muscle relaxation after weight lifting was only partial, with a slower weight lowering, which resulted in increased lactate production and muscle ache. Ergospirometry, volumetric compression oscillometry, and resistance tests were used. Results. Blood pressure normalization, myocardial contractility increase, and exercise capacity improvement were more pronounced in the main group (p<0,05), as a greater extent of neuromuscular strain stimulates the hormone production both during and after the exercise session. Conclusion. The complex multiple-set resistance exercise programme demonstrated a marked beneficial effect in patients with Stage II EAH.
A case of idiopathic recurrent haemorrhagic pericarditis
Authors: Sheptulina A. F. , Drapkina O. M. , Korneeva O. N.
Published: October 2019

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Physicians’ assessment of the high blood pressure risk and their attitude towards the prevention of arterial hypertension
Authors: Manoylov A. E.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the physicians’ knowledge of the high blood pressure (BP) risk and to assess their attitude towards the prevention of arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. In total, 118 internal disease specialists from three Russian regions participated in an anonymous questionnaire survey on the knowledge of high BP risk and the attitude towards the prevention of AH and its complications. The mean age of participants (13 men and 105 women) was 46,53±11,64 years. The respondents’ answers were compared to the information in the current clinical AH guidelines. Results. More than one-half of the respondents demonstrated inadequate professional knowledge on prediction and prevention of AH complications. These physicians use the “traditional” disease model and do not consider elevated BP as a risk factor; predict the risk of AH complications using subjective complaints of their patients; do not realise the importance of the target organ damage (TOD) prevention; and limit their preventive strategy only to the prevention of hypertensive crises. Conclusion. The demonstrated attitude towards AH management could be a serious barrier for effective AH prevention. This group of physicians needs extensive education and training, in order to modify their attitude and to increase their commitment to preventive strategies.
Arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease: the place of angiotensin II receptor antagonists
Authors: Taratukhin E. O.
Published: October 2019

The paper considers arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease as pathologies which share multiple pathogenetic mechanisms. The role of angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA) in the effective treatment of these diseases and in prevention of their complications is discussed. The modern views on ARA and their indications are presented.
AI Bookie: Will a Self‐Authorizing AI‐Based System Take Control from a Human Operator?
Authors: Sofge Donald , Lawless W. F. , Mittu Ranjeev
Published: October 2019

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions and bets about the future of AI. Though it is easy to make a prediction about the future, this forum was created to help researchers craft predictions whose accuracy can be clearly and unambiguously judged when a prediction comes due. The bets will be documented online and regularly in this publication in The AI Bookie. We encourage bets that are rigorously and scientifically argued. We discourage bets that are too general to be evaluated or too specific to an institution or individual. The goal is not to continue to feed the media frenzy and pundit predictions about AI, but rather to curate and promote bets whose outcomes will provide useful feedback to the scientific community.

Place your bets! Please go to ai.sciencebets.org.
Heterotopic ossification after central nervous system injuries: understanding of pathogenesis
Authors: Gareev I. F , Beylerli O. A , Vakhitov A. K
Published: October 2019

Available data on the pathogenesis, cellular interactions, role of inflammation, humoral and genetic factors in the formation of heterotopic ossifications resulting from injuries of the brain or spinal cord are presented.
Anatomical anterograde plasty of the anterior cruciate ligament with lateral extraarticular tenodesis from semitendinosus tendon
Authors: Zayats V. V , Zagorodniy N. V , Dulaev A. K , Dydykin A. V
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: to provide a scientific basis for the recommendations on clinical use of lateral extraarticular tenodesis (LEAT) from semitendinosus tendon (ST) graft as an additional element for knee stability in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomical anterograde reconstruction. Patients and methods. Treatment results were evaluated for 162 patients (mean age 27.2±2.8) with marked rotational joint instability (Pivot shift test 3+) after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). In 44 (27.2%) observations ACL-R was supplemented by LEAT from ST (group 1), in 118 (72.8%) the isolated anatomical anterograde plasty of ACL was performed (group 2). Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, KOOS and 2000 IKDC were used for the assessment of the results. Results. Follow up period made up at least 2 years. Statistically significant differences between the groups were recorded in 21 months after intervention and later. In 43 (97.7%) patients from the 1group and 111 (94.1%) patients from the 2group excellent and good results (A and B by 2000 IKDC) were achieved. In 1 (2.3%) and 7 (5.9%) patients the results were assessed as satisfactory (C by 2000 IKDC), respectively. No statistically significant differences between the groups were recorded by Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and 2000 IKDC (p>0.05). The average scores by KOOS that indicated the presence of pathological processes in the knee joint and characterized patient’s sport activity were statistically (p
Contribution of Professor G.I. Turner to domestic traumatology and orthopaedics (to the 160th anniversary of birth)
Authors: Morgoshiia T. Sh
Published: October 2019

The article presents the main milestones of the life of the outstanding scientist G.I. Turner (1858-1941) - a man who made an invaluable contribution to the formation and development of domestic orthopedics, military surgery. At the beginning of medical activity as a general surgeon, he mastered the basic principles of treatment of pathology of the musculoskeletal system, which played an important role in all its subsequent activities. It was G.I. Turner who had the idea of creating specialized hospitals for the wounded and special institutions for the rehabilitation of war invalids. It should be noted his active participation in the popularization of information on the prevention of diseases and injuries, in the practical training of methods of primary care to victims. Much effort and energy has been devoted to helping sick children with physical defects and restoring the working ability of crippled children. For many years he led the work of the orphanage in St. Petersburg, which in 1932 was transformed into the Institute of rehabilitation of physically defective children and adolescents, named after G.I. Turner.
Anniversary of the Kazan school of traumatology and orthopaedics
Authors: Akhtiamov I. F , Pankov I. O
Published: October 2019

Two acting heads of the chairs of Kazan universities present a short historical background on the formation of the Kazan School of Traumatology and Orthopedics. The organization by Professor M.O. Friedland of a prosthetic-orthopedic infirmary in 1918 and subsequent organization of the chair of traumatology and orthopaedics at Kazan state institute for the improvement of physicians’ knowledge and skills is considered to be the starting point. However since the middle of the 19century the medical care was rendered in injuries and at Kazan University students were trained in surgical science and treatment of fractures. The first experience in anesthesia, introduction of antiseptics, improvement of desmurgy and the treatment of gunshot wounds were the basis for any surgical specialty. German professors, the founders of Kazan University, laid down the foundations and their first students N.I. Studenskiy, V.I. Razumovskiy and M.O. Fridland has contributed to the formation of a specialty in Kazan. At present time the chairs of traumatology and orthopaedics are organized at three universities and at the Center for High Technologies every physician and surgeon have an opportunity and to acquire new knowledge and skills.
Early functional results of total knee arthroplasty in patients with alimentary obesity
Authors: Helo M. D , Akhtiamov I. F , Said F. M , Gilmutdinov I. Sh , Yousef A. I , Abdullah A. M , Kuznetsova R. G
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Total knee replacement has become a standard planned intervention at specialized clinics. The study of surgical results is not as urgent as the follow up of the patients with concomitant pathology because various complications are most often registered in this group. Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of total knee arthroplasty in patients with increased body mass index at early rehabilitation steps. Patients and methods. Open prospective comparative study included 75 patients with III-IV stages of gonarthrosis by Kellgren-Lawrence. Mean age of the patients made up 63.8±6.87 years. Main group included 48 patients with excessive body mass and alimentary-constitutional obesity of different degree, the control group - 27 patients with normal body mass index. The duration of intervention, volume of blood loss intraoperatively and drainages was assessed. Evaluation of clinical functional results was performed OKS, KSS and visual analog scale (VAS) before surgery, at discharge, 3 months and 1 year after surgical intervention. Results. In comparison to the patients with normal body mass index the patients from the main group showed slightly higher duration of the intervention and intraoperative blood loss - by 13.05% (p=0.027) and 12.8% (p=0.003), respectively. In the main group the severity of pain syndrome by VAS decreased from 90.4±14.4 to 9.6±0.4 mm (p=0.0001), evaluation of clinical functional results by KSS increased from 47.39±1.63 to 88.02±2.01 points, by OKS - from27.3±4.3 to 43.2±6.5 points (p=0.001). In the control group the severity of pain syndrome by VAS within 1 year follow up decreased from 86.2±2.4 to 3.8±0.7 mm (p=0.002) and clinical functional indices by KSS increased from 52.2±10.1 to 93.8±1.3 points (p=0.001), by OKS - from28.4±1.6 to 44.7±1.9 points (p=0,001). Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the high potentialities of arthroplasty in patients with alimentary obesity and confirm the necessity of its performance for the improvement of the patients’ future quality of life.
Possibilities for obtaining the length-measured images of skeleton using modern X-rays equipment
Authors: Artemiev A. A , Silin A. Yu , Ivashkin A. N , Maximov B. I , Shipulin A. A , Solovyov Yu. S
Published: October 2019

Modern traumatology and orthopaedics is inconceivable without high-quality X-rays diagnostics. In the recent years special equipment that enables to obtain the length-measured images of different parts of a human body was introduced into clinical practice. The details of examination process, i.e. the position of a patient, position of an extremity and many others require special knowledge and experience. The aim of the study is to optimize the possibilities for obtaining the length-measured images of the different parts of a skeleton using modern X-rays equipment. The peculiarities of the determination of segments’ axes and length in patients with lower extremity deformities and shortening are presented; the most typical mistakes are analyzed. The results of the study are of great importance for medical expertise as well as for data documentation in practical, scientific and teaching activities.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis STEM terhadap Literasi Teknologi dan Keterampilan Pengambilan Keputusan Siswa SMA
Authors: Luthfiyani Siti Halimatusya’diyyah , Widodo Ari , Rochintaniawati Diana
Published: October 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of STEM-based biology learning on technological literacy and students’ decision making skills in senior high school. The sample used in this study were X grade students from two classes in one of the senior high school in Bandung. Determination of the research subject was carried out as a convenience sampling technique from recommendation teachers and studying the activities of students who had not learned about environmental pollution material. This study used a quasi-experimental method through a non-equivalent control group design. Student’s technological literacy in this study was measured by using several aspects of technological literacy while student’s decision making was measured by using open-ended questions that are relevant to socio-scientific issues. Student’s decision making analyzed based on the basic categories of decision making and the level of argumentation as a reasoning process in decision making. This study shows that STEM-based biology learning does not affect technological literacy and decision making in high school students. This was done on statistical tests on technological literacy and decision making skills tests results that showed no significant difference between students in STEM classes with non-STEM classes.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Demonstrasi Interaktif terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Dasar Siswa SMA pada Materi Perubahan Lingkungan
Authors: Noviani Dwi Rahayu Lestari
Published: October 2019

The achievement of students science process skills in Indonesia is relatively low, this is partly because learning has not yet explored and facilitated students science process skills. This study aims to identify the effect of interactive demonstrations to basic science process skills of senior high school students in environmental change concept, with global warming sub concept. The subjects of this study were X grade of science in second semester, academic year 2017/2018. The method used in this research was quasi experiment with non equivalent pre-test post-test control group design. The research data was collected by using basic science process skills test, observation form, and questionnaire. The results of data analysis using the Mann Whitney test with a significance level of 0,05 to the value of the post-test of basic science process skills showed a significant difference in basic science process skills of students between experimental group and control group. N-gain of basic science process skills in the experimental group is 0,56, while in the control group is 0,43. Improved basic science process skills in the experimental group and control group are in the medium category. Neverthless, the average of N-gain in the experimental group is higher than the control group. The results of this study indicate that 97,5% of learning activities performed well. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the interactive demonstrations learning trains to improve students basic science process skills.
Phonology-based reading instruction to improve dyslexic students’ early reading ability
Authors: Novianti Ranti , Syihabuddin S. , Rochyadi Endang
Published: October 2019

Dyslexic students struggle to learn how to read. Yet, few studies reported on how dyslexic students learn to read. In this respect, special education teachers have adopted a myriad of ways to overcome dyslexic students’ reading problems. To respond to this need, the purpose of this study is to examine how phonology-based reading instruction could help dyslexic students improve their early reading abilities. Grounded in a mixed methods research design, four dyslexic students of primary school were recruited to participate in this study. The results of the study showed that the phonology-based reading instruction had a positive impact on improving the dyslexic students’ early reading abilities, particularly in Bahasa Indonesian-medium reading texts. This suggests that phonology-based reading instruction could effectively be implemented if special education teachers could enact phonological instruction as a prerequisite for identifying the students’ early reading ability and phonics instruction as an instructional reinforcement for building students’ early reading repertoire.
Recovery patterns and a linguistic therapy model of Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia: A neurolinguistic study
Authors: Nasrullah Riki , Suganda Dadang , Wagiati W. , Riyanto Sugeng
Published: October 2019

This study observed a 54-year-old patient with Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia at the National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta. He underwent a speech therapy with the treatment given to his second language (Indonesian) during the first two weeks of post-onset and received treatment to his both languages simultaneously for one and a half months post-onset. This research was conducted by using two approaches, namely, a theoretical approach and a methodological approach. In terms of the theory, the approach used in this study is neurolinguistic. In terms of the methodology, the approach is analytic-descriptive with a cohort method. The patient had been diagnosed with having expressive-receptive aphasia in his both languages. Three-time evaluations of his competence in his two languages (during one and a half months post-onset) showed an interesting recovery pattern. In the first evaluation result (two weeks post-onset), it was found that the patient showed a nonparallel recovery; Indonesian (the second language) recovered earlier than Sundanese (the first language). However, in the second evaluation result (a month post-onset), it was found that the improvement in proficiency of the languages showed a parallel recovery; the proficiency improvement of Indonesian after having been given treatment in the therapy showed a recovery parallel to that of Sundanese, even though Sundanese had not been given any treatment at all for a month post-onset. The linguistic track record of this patient showed that Indonesian had a higher level of familiarity compared to Sundanese, and this is correlated with the recovery process of both the languages