bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loosely Defined Partnerships: A Case Study of Three Refugee-Serving Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Roberts Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

This article uses a case study approach to explore how U.S.-based nonprofit organizations collaborate to serve immigrants and refugees and identifies characteristics that are essential to successful partnerships.  While other studies have documented the challenges immigrants and refugees face in relocating to a new community and the ways community-based organizations help them through the integration process, this project brings together migration studies and nonprofit management studies to interrogate the concept of partnerships based on the lived experiences of organization staff. Partnerships are essential to providing programs and services, and this project seeks to explore the tension inherent in partnering with other organizations that have similar missions and goals. This project captures the stories of three refugee-serving nonprofit organizations in a midsouth city. Utilizing in-depth interviews to analyze the interorganizational collaborations that the three organizations have formed to provide holistic support to immigrants and refugees, the findings here suggest that partnerships are essential but often fraught. These organizations, like many nonprofits, face limited capacity and form community partnerships to alleviate these limitations. As defined by improving an organization’s ability to fulfill its core missions, successful partnerships rely on relational embeddedness and a shared mission. Findings demonstrate the necessity and benefit of a network of partnerships to meet the needs of this unique population.
Roadside habitat connectivity for declining woodland birds in Australian farmland: A case study from the New South Wales South Western Slopes
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: May 2024

The decline of birds in farmland is a conservation and land-management issue of global concern. Linear woodland corridors along roadsides in Australian farmland can play an important network role, maintaining ecological connectivity at the landscape scale and thereby supporting the survival of disturbance-sensitive woodland species. This paper presents a case study investigating the connectivity value of Old Narrandera Road, an old (pre-1870) roadside woodland corridor linking three larger woodland remnants near Wagga Wagga, in southern inland New South Wales, Australia. A survey of 120 plots along this corridor during 2018–2019 identified 81 bird species including 25 declining woodland birds of known conservation concern. Presence of the hyper-aggressive Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala in survey plots was negatively correlated with total species richness and declining woodland bird assemblage richness and several species (predominantly small to medium-sized declining woodland birds rather than common farmland birds) exhibited a degree of spatial separation with Noisy Miners. One decliner, Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis, showed a significant positive association with Noisy Miner, potentially reflecting a greater tolerance to harassment by Miners. Although the Noisy Miner is probably limiting realisation of the connectivity value of this woodland corridor at present, corridors as substantial and significant as Old Narrandera Road are scarce in the local landscape, and the woodland complex of three interconnected remnants it brings together is likely to be important for the local conservation of many declining woodland bird species.
Factors Associated with HPV Genital Warts: A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study Among Students and Staff of a Northern University in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbolu Melvin Omone , Eniade Olanrewaju D. , Majiya Hussaini , Kozlovszky Miklós
Published: May 2024

The menace of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among low- and middle-income countries with no access to free HPV vaccine is a public health concern. HPV is one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in Nigeria with high-risk HPV-16 and 18 genotypes. In this study, we explored the predictors of self-reported HPV infections and HPV genital warts infection among a population of students, non-academic staff, and academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) university located in Lapai, Nigeria. We also assessed their knowledge about HPV infections and genotypes, and sexual behaviors. An online cross-sectional study was conducted by setting up a structured questionnaire on google form and it was distributed to the University community via Facebook and other social media platforms of the university. The form captured questions on HPV infection, knowledge about HPV infection and genotypes, as well as sexual health of the participants. All variables were described using frequencies and percentage distribution, chi-squared test statistics was used to explore the association between HPV infection (medical records of HPV infection) and the participants’ profile, and logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with HPV genital warts infection among the population. This study reveals those participants between the ages of 26 – 40 years (81.3%) and those currently not in a union (26.4%) who have self-reported having HPV-16 and -18 genotypes. Also, participants between 26 – 40 years of age (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.22 – 0.89) reported to be carriers of HPV genital warts. Therefore, this study reveals the factors associated with HPV infection and genital warts peculiar to IBB university students and staff. Hence, we suggest the need for HPV awareness programs and free HPV vaccine availability at IBB university.
Digestibility of starch
Authors: Šárka Evzen , Smrčková Petra , Sluková Marcela
Published: May 2024

Rapidly digestible starch can be obtained by gelatinization (cooking), cooking extrusion, use of small granule starch, breaking down starch granules, or by hydrolysis to maltodextrins. Resistant starch includes five groups: the first group is physically encapsulated starch within a food/polymer matrix, the second one is some native starch, the third one is recrystallized starch, the fourth one is chemically modified starch, and the fifth one is starch-lipid complexes. Starch digestion in the human body is also influenced by the degree of chewing, activity of α-amylase in the intestine, and transit time through the stomach and small intestine.
Resistant starch or dietary fiber (DF) enriches specific bacterial groups located in the large intes-tine. They produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases, causes the lowering of the pH, and inhibits pathogens. SCFAs are considered endogenous signaling molecules, acting through their free fatty-acid receptors 2 and 3 which can trigger the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide PYY, being released together following a meal to mediate postprandial satiety. A sufficient intake of DF reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, hyperten-sion, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Gluten matrix or phenolic compounds can lead to a low digestion rate of starch.
Airway Management and General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients with Disabilities Undergoing Dental Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ciccozzi Alessandra , Lupi Ettore , Necozione Stefano , Giovannetti Filippo , Oliva Antonio , Ciuffini Roberta , Angeletti Chiara , Marinangeli Franco , Piroli Alba
Published: May 2024

The definition of patients with Special Needs (SN) is used in the literature to refer to individuals with mental and physical disorders for whom the usual perioperative pathways are not applicable due to lack of cooperation, regardless of age. Studies in the literature recognize the appropriateness of general anesthesia for performing day surgery dental care in this type of patient. The present retrospective, single-center, observational study involved 41 uncooperative patients aged between 3 and 17 undergoing dental surgery under general anesthesia. The main objective was to assess the possible incidence of difficult airway management, understood as difficulty ventilating and/or intubating the patient. A secondary objective was to highlight the influence of general anesthesia on patient outcomes by testing the incidence of perioperative complications. Tracheal intubation was successfully completed in all of the patients considered, and in no case did the patient have to be woken up because of difficulty in airway management. No perioperative complications attributable to anesthesia were found in any patients. From the present experience, it can be concluded that general anesthesia is a suitable option for performing dental care in pediatric subjects with special needs, and that although the peculiar peri-operative management of these patients might increase the risk of possible anesthesia-related side effects, no complications have been encountered in any case.
An Investigation on Globe Temperature in Street Canyon: A Scaled Model Study Implementing Cool Materials
Authors: Zingre Kishor Tarachand
Published: May 2024

Measurement of Globe temperature is essential for investigating thermal comfort in street canyon. Globe thermometer is the most common instrument used to measure globe temperature (GT), however its application in scale models is still uncertain and not thoroughly investigated as of today. Therefore, this study is explicitly conducted to investigate globe thermometer measurements and proposed an improvised customization of the globe thermometer size to enhance reliability in scale models. The experiments were carried out outdoors using a typical street canyon model (scale 1:100) with East-West street orientation. The experiment presented a comparison between a low solar reflective street canyon (albedo of 0.4) and a high solar reflective canyon (albedo of 0.6) in terms of surface temperatures, heat flux and globe temperature. Furthermore, this study also investigated the influence of solar orientation on the globe temperature using both experimental using scale models and microclimatic modelling using ENVI-met. It is observed that although the surface temperatures are lower with high solar reflective canyon compared to that with low solar reflective canyon, GT is higher in high reflective canyon during daytime, which could be due to combined effect of direct radiation and shortwave reflection. However, for hours after the sun set, GT becomes lower (up to 1°C) in the case of high reflective canyon compared to low reflective canyon.
Antagonism and Synergism Characterize the Interactions Between Four North American Potato Virus Y Strains
Authors: Fondong Vincent N , Niraula Prakash M. , Cheema Junaid A , Cheema Hashir A , Gaiter Dejah S , Baldrich Patricia , Meyers Blake C
Published: May 2024

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important constraints to potato production worldwide. There is an increasing occurrence of recombinant PVY strains PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi and a decline in the incidence of the nonrecombinant PVYO. We hypothesized that this may be due to the ability of these recombinant strains to antagonize and/or outcompete PVYO in mixed infections. To deter-mine this, we investigated interactions between PVYO and three recombinant PVY strains com-mon in North America: PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi, and PVYN:O. Overall, our study showed that these inter-actions are tissue dependent. Specifically, PVYNTN, the main causal agent of potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), was found to be more adaptable than PVYO, especially in potato leaves due, at least in part, to the Ny gene that confers hypersensitive resistance (HR) to PVYO. Further-more, PVYN-Wi was found to repress PVYO in potato tubers but act synergistically in potato leaves. The PVYO-induced foliage necrosis in cultivar ‘Ranger Russet’ was observed to be more severe in plants co-infected by PVYN-Wi and PVYN:O, respectively, resulting in plant death. Strikingly, this PVYO -induced necrosis was suppressed by PVYNTN in doubly infected plants. These interactions may, at least partially, explain the decreasing incidence of PVYO in United States potato produc-tion regions, especially given that many cultivars contain the Ny gene, which likely limits PVYO enabling PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi to outcompete. We also found that replication and cell-to-cell movement of these PVY strains in tubers at 4C was similar to levels at ambient temperature.
Missing Links: Current Trends and Future Potential in the Application of Blockchain Oracles
Authors: Heidt Cedric , Sandner Philipp , Anders Marc
Published: May 2024

Oracles have been suggested as a vital piece of infrastructure necessary to allow blockchain-based smart contracts to reach their full potential by interacting with real-world data. This paper begins by providing an approachable entry point to the oracle problem and the current landscape of existing solutions. From there, we provide an overview of published research to narrow down unexplored research directions and derive questions for interviews. Finally, the results of 15 unstructured expert interviews are presented and discussed. The focus here is the industry landscape of oracle projects, opportunities for innovation, and challenges needing to be overcome.
Numerical Simulation Of Nonlinear Advection-Diffusion-Fractional Equation of Pollutants in Porous Media
Authors: Madie Yonti Calvia , Togue Kamga Fulbert
Published: May 2024

The fractional advection-dispersion equation FADE plays an important role, especially in explaining the process of solute-transport in natural porous media with different degrees of heterogeneity. However, studies of the flow and transport of contaminants in the underground environment are based on the knowledge of many functional parameters of the subsoil. The delay factor caused by nonlinear absorption is one of these parameters inheriting significant ambiguities in its estimation in heterogeneous media. In the study, a fractional advection-dispersion FADE model was developed by the implicit Euler method, based on a Grunwald and Caputo-Liousville approximation to explicitly evaluate and simulate the transport mechanism of contaminants in media with unsaturated porous materials subjected to a nonlinear sorption model. Better solute mass retention was observed for fractional advection-dispersion FADE model. Moreover, the absorption parameter of the retardation coefficient has a better impact on the motion of the solute in a saturated porous medium. In other words, it has a significant effect on the dispersion of pollutants in aquifers. This study highlights the need to characterize the aquifer to predict solute transport in porous media.
Photo-Physical Investigations of Ionic Liquid (IL) Based ZnO Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Saini Diksha , Singh Satbir , Singh Gurpreet
Published: May 2024

In this research work, we describe the preparation process, characterization, and photo-physical studies of an ionic liquid (IL) based semiconductor Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by an economical wet chemical precipitation method. For the first time, an IL was synthesized with the help of a chemical reaction between triethylamine (TEA) and bromoacetic acid (BAA). A polyamide dye was prepared by a reaction between two monomers, ethylenediamine (EDA) and trimesoylchloride (TMC), under room temperature conditions. The polyamide dye was capped on ZnO nanoparticles, and the final product was divided into three different samples, A, B, and C, according to level of concentrations of IL and Polyamide dye. These samples were characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) spectra, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), and Fluorescence spectroscopies. The formation of polyamide linkages in the ionic liquid has been confirmed by a spectroscopic method using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The capping of polyamide dye molecules on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles revealed two things: (i) improved UV absorption spectra and (ii) enhanced luminescence in the photoluminescence spectra. Hence, during investigations, broad absorption bands were observed at peaks 263 nm, 278 nm, and 276 nm respectively for samples A, B, and C. Further, IL was used as an electrolyte or redox mediator and polyamide as a dye material in the fabrication of ZnO Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). The samples A, B, and C were used in the fabrication of photo-anode assemblies for ZnO DSSCs. The ZnO DSSCs were tested under strong simulated light at Air Mass (AM) 1.5 solar irradiations. The observed photovoltaic results shown that solar cell SCB generated a maximum power conversion efficiency (η) of 5.65%, higher than the power conversion efficiencies of solar cells SCA (3.99%) and SCC (4.46%) respectively. The Incident Photon to Current Conversion Efficiency (IPCE) spectra values of ZnO DSSCs shown a significant improvement in the incident photon to current conversion efficiency of solar cell SCB (IPCE=61%) as compared to SCC (enhanced by 6%) and SCA (enhanced by 4%). Such solar cell assemblies can be suitable for green and clean energy applications.
Characteristics and Mechanism of the Ore-Forming Fluids in the Shimensi Tungsten Polymetallic Deposit in Southeastern China
Authors: Wang Peng , Ye Zhanghuang , Zong Xiaohua
Published: May 2024

The Shimensi super-large tungsten polymetallic deposit is located in Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous Porphyry-Skarn tungsten ore belt in the south Yangtze metallogenic belt. There are 3 types of mineralization: veinlet-disseminated type, thick quartze vein type and hydrothermal crypto-explosive breccia type. Based on geological studies, this paper presents new petrographic, microthermometric, laser Raman spectroscopic and hydrogen and oxygen isotope research of the fluid inclusions from the deposit. The results show that there are five different types of fluid inclusions: liquid-rich inclusions, vapor-rich inclusions, pure liquid inclusions, pure vapor inclusions, and fluid inclusions containing a solid crystal. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusion range from 140℃-270℃, the salinities are 3%-5% NaCleq and the densities of ore-forming fluid range from 0.64 g/cm3 to 0.99 g/cm3. For the analyses of Laser Raman spectroscopic, the ore-forming fluids can be approximated by a Ca2+-Na+-SO42--Cl- fluid system with small amount of CO2, CH4 and N2. Otherwise, the datas of the pressure, pH and Eh show a fluid metallogenic environment of low pressure, weak acid and weak reduction. The values of the homogenization temperature in 3 types of orebodies suggest that the mineralization is characterized by the decrease of the temperature under the condition of the fluid immiscibility. The H-O isotope values are interpreted to indicate that the ore-forming fluids are mainly composed of magmatic water, and also the meteoric water was added with the process of the magma rising.
Promoting health literacy in school: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amalia Pradipta Vianka , Pramana Situmorang Risya
Published: May 2024

Health literacy is the capacity of an individual to locate, read, comprehend, and internalize health-related information in their environment. This study aims to: (1) identify the design of health literacy learning in Biology subjects at the high school level, (2) map out learning designs that can affect students' health literacy in Biology subjects at the high school level, (3) analyzing the design learning can affect students' health literacy in Biology subjects at the high school level.  The chosen research methodology involves a systematic literature review of articles released between 2011 and 2021. This comprehensive analysis encompasses 20 articles and adheres to the established PRISMA guidelines. The data analysis technique uses thematic analysis, which includes methods to identify, analyze, and report themes in the data. The results of the distribution visualization show that the research topics are grouped into four clusters: PBL, media, school policies, and curriculum. The results of the research topic test were based on the highest Cohens'd criteria, namely PBL topics, curriculum, school policies, and media. The PBL variable with the media, school policy with the media, and school policy with the curriculum have the most vital relationships in the correlation test between concerns.  We can use educational techniques like PBL and practical, theoretical tasks to improve health literacy. Due to its student-centered design, which encouraged collaborative problem-solving by utilizing knowledge and information from many sources, the learning model received higher results.
Development e-module on genetic materials to enhance student’s critical thinking skills
Authors: Anjani Fullaikhah , Fatmawati Umi , Ariyanto Joko
Published: May 2024

Genetic material is classified as material that is difficult for students to understand because the material is abstract, there are many foreign terms, and there are many complex molecular reactions, so students have difficulty developing critical thinking skills. Therefore, developing a good,  suitable, effective, and attractive media is necessary. . This study aims to develop an e-module on the topic of genetic substance, to test the feasibility of the e-module, and to determine the differences in critical thinking skills before and after the implementation of the e-module. This type of research is research and development research with a 4D Thiagarajan model consisting of define, design, development,and disseminate. . This research was conducted without the dissemination stage. The results of the validation of media experts are 81.7% (fair enough) and material experts are 85.5% (very feasible). The results of the trial were limited to 10 students, namely 92.1% (very decent) and 80.4% biology teachers (quite decent). The results of field trials are 90.2% (very feasible). The results of the t-test indicate that there are differences in critical thinking skills before and after the implementation of the e-module. This study implicate that e-modules on the topic of genetic substances are feasible to use and to empower students’s critical thinking skills.
Mastery concepts and misconceptions in biotechnology courses with a three tier diagnostic test
Authors: Idris Tengku , Hidayat Topik , Rahmat Adi
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the mastery of concepts and misconceptions of students in the Biology Education Study Program wich is in Pekanbaru. This type of research is survey research with a porpusive sampling type. The population of the study was all students who had taken biotechnology courses, while the research sample was 6th semester students who had just completed biotechnology courses in the previous semester. The total research sample was 32 students. The instrument used to measure mastery of concepts and misconceptions is a diagnostic test with 20 multiple choice questions accompanied by reasons and level of belief. The questions are given using a Google form and students work on the questions during class and are given 90 minutes.The research data were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results showed that for indicator 1 30.01% of students understood the basic concepts of biotechnology well and 55.63 had misconceptions. In indicator 2, only 5% of students understood the concept of biotechnology process while 64.38% had misconceptions and 29.38 did not understand the concept. Indicator 3, as many as 10.63% of students understand the concept of conventional and modern biotechnology characteristics and 59.38% of students have misconceptions and 25.63% do not understand the concept while indicator 4 as many as 30.63% of students understand the examples of biotechnology products while still 43.13% have misconceptions and 22.50% still do not understand the concept. Students' mastery of concepts in biotechnology courses is in a very low category and while more than half of the students still experience misconceptions and do not understand the concepts.
Integrating a blended discovery learning model with a bioenial website to empower science process skills and scientific attitude
Authors: Fauziyah Almaas Ainanur , Harlita Harlita , Sugiharto Bowo
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine; 1) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower Science Process Skills (SPS) of grade X students on the material of environmental change and preservation and 2) the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with a bioenial website to empower the scientific attitude of grade X students on the material of environmental change. The research method used a quasi experiment with a quantitative approach. The research design used posttest only control group design to measure SPS and pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design to measure scientific attitudes. The population in this study were X grade students of SMA Negeri A Sukoharjon the 2022/2023 academic year. The samples of this study were X2 class as experimental class 1 as many as 36 students, X4 as experimental class 2 as many as 36 students, and X5 as control class as many as 36 students. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Data collection questionnaire (scientific attitude), observation (SPS, scientific attitude, syntax implementation), and documentation. Data analysis technique used ANOVA hypothesis test for SPS and ANCOVA for scientific attitude. The ANOVA test results showed the effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower SPS. The results of further testing with LSD show that Blended Discovery Learning is a treatment that is significantly different among the three class groups. The ANCOVA test results show that there is no effect of integrating blended discovery learning with the bioenial website to empower scientific attitudes
The effect of augmented reality application (ARSINAPS) on learning motivation and outcomes in biology
Authors: Rini Daniar Setyo , Azrai Eka Putri , Khansa Anidya Annisa , Kurnianto Mathias Bagas
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the ARSINAPS mobile augmented reality application on learning motivation and outcomes in high school and biology education students. The method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two experimental classes and two control classes from three schools in the Jakarta, Bekasi, and Tangerang areas, totalling 140 students, and from the college level, consisting of one experimental class and one control class, totalling 68 students. The data obtained were in the form of learning outcomes in the respiratory system and learning motivation scores in biology learning. The average high school-level motivation score in the control class was 85.99, and the overall average for learning outcomes was 77.33 and 63.05. Based on the results of the data calculations, the application effectively improves students’ learning outcomes at the high school and undergraduate levels
Creativity profile of biology teacher candidates: An exploratory study
Authors: Setiono Setiono , Windyariani Sitiana , Agustiani Nur
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Creativity is one of the important skills that teachers must have today. Creativity can be defined as the human ability to generate new and valuable ideas. In addition, creativity is considered as a basic competency that needs to be possessed by students in higher education. The purpose of this study was to determine the creativity of prospective biology teachers and its relationship with students' knowledge mastery. For this purpose, a descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 13 biology pre-service students. The instrument used in this study was the Torrance creativity test based on 4 creativity indicators: fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted to identify students' creativity profiles and the relationship between students' creativity and their knowledge mastery. The results showed that there were three types of creativity owned by prospective biology teacher students, namely students with low (38.46%), medium (38.46%) and high (23, 07%) levels of creativity. The correlation test results show that concept mastery correlates with student creativity (r=0.3).  The conclusion of this study is that prospective biology teacher students have different creativity, and there is a correlation between students' concept mastery and their creativity level so that there needs to be an effort from lecturers by designing learning strategies that can increase student creativity and concept mastery.
Managing Wellbore Instability in Geologically Complex Field of Indian Offshore
Authors: Yahiya N. P. , Pandey V. K. , Desai A. B.
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the challenges encountered during the drilling of horizontal and multilateral wells in the geologically complex Western offshore field of India. The Operator has been actively engaged in drilling such wells since the late 1980s. The primary objective is to effectively manage wellbore instability issues, specifically those arising at inclination exceeding 50 degrees, which have resulted in recurrent severe tripping issues leading pack-off, stuck pipe events and lost-in-hole incidents. The scope of this study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the causes of wellbore instability.

The general casing policy in this field involves using a Synthetic oil-based mud system (SOBM) to cover Carbonate and Shale formations. However, drilling challenges arise when inter-bedded formations are exposed at high angles, significantly complicating the wellbore. Through a detailed analysis of stuck pipe incidents, down hole conditions, BHA details, and well profile, identified the high risk for wellbore instability. Innovative solutions were implemented, using high-tech Image logs to identify geo-mechanically stressed high risk drilling direction, the establishment of an optimal mud weight window, and the introduction of an Under reamer to mitigate tight hole conditions.

The implementation of these measures proved highly effective in handling the geo-mechanically unstable formation. Adjustments to the casing seat were made to cover potential loss areas in the upper section of the Carbonate formation. Improved Drilling Practices through Real time Monitoring were instituted to mitigate frequent back reaming and potential complications. As a result, non-productive time (NPT) and down hole complications were significantly reduced, culminating in zero cases of lost-in-hole incidents in the 2023-24 drilling season. These outcomes are pivotal for overall well cost control and contribute to the successful targeting of zones, showcasing the practical significance of the proposed solutions. This paper introduces innovative approaches to address wellbore instability, notably the utilization of high-tech Image logs and the application of an Under reamer to overcome the geo-mechanical stress issues. The emphasis on detailed analysis, data-driven decision-making, and the integration of casing adjustments, mud weight optimization, and drilling practice improvements offers a comprehensive and novel strategy for mitigating wellbore instability in a geologically complex field. The presented insights contribute valuable additions to industry best practices, demonstrating the adaptability and efficacy of tailored solutions in addressing specific drilling challenges.
Pioneering the First Stack Cased Hole Gravel Pack Completion in Turkmenistan
Authors: Gurbanov Seymur , Jafarov Ramin , Mollaniyazov Eldar , Kontarev Roman , Rovshenov Gadam , Atabayev Dovletgeldi , Mollanyyazov Hallygurban , Ushmekov Hoshgeldi , Yazmuhammedov Saparmyrat , Allakuliyev Begench , Tin Sai Aung Thu Win
Published: May 2024

The Dzheitune (LAM) Field, situated within the Cheleken Contract area on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea, offshore Turkmenistan, has witnessed the execution of seven Cased Hole Gravel Packs (CH GP) operations to date. All these wells concentrated within the A-sand formation spanning a 100-meter gross interval. Traditional CH GP techniques proved suitable for the initial wells, meeting the demands of high drawdown and narrow frac window constrain. However, as exploration extended into a new reservoir characterized by a thicker pay zone, the need for enhanced technical solutions became apparent. Following detailed equipment evaluations and hydraulic modelling, it was determined that stack CH GP represented the optimal technology to unlock the full potential of the new reservoir within a short timeframe, taking into consideration the available equipment resources.

The implementation of Stack CH GP involves a two-stage process, effectively dividing the productive interval into two zones. The lower zone GP is executed using conventional methods, while the upper zone demands special considerations. In response to this, several crucial technical enhancements have been integrated into the completion design. Upper zone cleanout program has been introduced to clean the perforation debris from top of packer before/PBR stabbing into the lower zone. To ensure circulation packing efficiency added ceramic disks, which providing temporary isolation between zones during pumping operation. Importantly, this isolation could be easily disabled after the installation of the production string. To eliminate the potential risks associated with flapper disk parts, during intervention operations including ceramic disk breaking, LBFV was purposefully removed from the Gravel Pack (GP) extension.

To date, two Stack CH GP jobs successfully executed. Improved approach enabled to cover a total gross interval of 416 meters, with 210 meters for well A and 206 meters for well B. This advancement has resulted in a substantial increase in production per well unit.

This paper promises to offer significant practical insights into Stack CH GP, enriching the existing knowledge repository in related technologies. The outlined approach introduces a streamlined design for Stack CH GP, incorporating the use of a non-viscous carrier fluid. This innovative approach creates fresh opportunities for formations where costly Alternative Path systems (APS) are financially unsustainable.
An Innovative Well Design that Eliminated One Complete Hole Section, Resulting in 6-Day Savings Per Well
Authors: Agarwal Rohit , Bansal Sarvodaya , Alismail Ahmed , Paz Daniel , Levario Jesus , Corona Mauricio , Almuallim Mustafa
Published: May 2024

The conventional pre-set well design involves landing the well at high inclination (50 – 60 degree) on top of the reservoir using six casing policy followed by drilling of multi-laterals across the reservoir using under-balance coiled tubing drilling (UBCTD). A novel well design is presented in this paper which eliminates one complete casing string without compromising the well's objectives.

The 8-3/8-in. hole section is drilled across a highly charged formation and secured with a 7-in. Liner. Consequently, a 5-7/8-in. section is then drilled and landed on top of reservoir. The well is later completed using 4-1/2-in. cemented liner, which is mandatory as per well requirement. In this paper, the critical design criteria are explored while combining these two sections, considering well control requirements, and cementing methodologies to ensure proper separation of highly charged layers from the reservoir.

This optimization has resulted in a time saving of 6 days which enabled the well under study to set a record as the fastest well delivered in this category. This concept has been adopted in consecutive wells and is emerging as a new standard for the specific type of well.

By combining the last two sections in a single hole size, the time for running the 7-in. liner, 5-7/8-in. cleanout trip and drilling the short 5-7/8-in. hole is saved which results in a direct time savings for the operation. The paper details how the last section was drilled as an 8-3/8-in. hole and cased off with 7-in. X 4-1/2-in. liner tapered string using fit for purpose centralizers. Furthermore, to ensure the integrity of this solution, a clean-out BHA combined with inflow test assembly was run in hole and the shoe track was drilled till 20 ft above shoe simultaneously. The integrity of cement job and liner top packer was validated by performing inflow test. The well is then completed with upper completions, production tree installed and well is temporary abandoned where the CTD rig will come later in future to drill the remaining cement in shoe track and reservoir.

The optimized well design explores the design criteria for combining of two sections and presents a novel solution to explore such possibilities in other well designs.
Integrated Approach for the Characterization of Low Resistivity and Low Contrast Pays – A Case Study from Mahanadi Offshore, India
Authors: Zhunussova Gulzira Z , Panchakarla Anjana , Jha Bhawesh , Vardhan Harsh , V Rajesekar
Published: May 2024

The deep water formations from Mahanadi Offshore is one of the major focus for hydrocarbon exploration in India. The reservoirs in this field primarily have low resistivity and low contrast character due to presence of thinly laminated shale-sand laminae with overlying shales. Conventional logs do not sufficiently distinguish between the overlying shales against the laminated reservoir intervals- owing to poor vertical resolution of the tools to characterize the thin beds properties.

The operating company followed the standard acquisition of conventional logging data along with tensor resistivity measurement for a laminated-shaly sand analysis (LSSA) followed by formation testing. While multiple new pay sands were discovered through this method, the sand-shale-fluid model of LSSA is insufficient to provide fluid typing. Furthermore, fluid sampling using formation testers in these formations are risky due to unconsolidated nature of the formation, Plugging & SOBM invasion etc. Thus, the delineation of the formation fluid using methods other than just the formation testing is critical. The acquisition of magnetic resonance data and an integrated interpretation involving conventional logging, tensor resistivity and NMR data helped overcome these challenges, prior to formation testing. The electrical anisotropy and borehole image data helped identify thin beds. LSSA outputs based on conventional and tensor resistivity data indicated hydrocarbon bearing intervals. A continuous magnetic resonance measurement acquiring the longitudinal relaxation (T1), transverse relaxation (T2) and the diffusion coefficient (D), helped derive a lithology independent fluid typing in these wells to provide insights before formation testing.

Hydrocarbon bearing sands were identified as per the results of the integrated analysis, and the formation testing confirmed the same. Conventional resistivity inversion, LSSA saturation and flushed zone saturation from magnetic resonance provided an understanding of the invasion. The hydrocarbon bearing intervals delineated from integrated formation evaluation using LSSA and 2D NMR analysis were successfully tested and proven using formation testing and sampling. Mineralogy information helped in accurate formation evaluation. Subsequently, the exploratory well logging programs have been modified to include the magnetic resonance log in future wells. This paper provides a framework for integrated data interpretation using multi-component induction, magnetic resonance, acoustics, mineralogy data and resistivity imager logs to quantify reservoir fluids and subsequently confirmation from the formation testing and provides a workflow for exploratory wells for Mahanadi Offshore, India.
The Synergy of AI and Human Insight: Redefining Human Resource Practices
Authors: Haque S. Ul
Published: May 2024

Organizations around the world are on a verge of embracing a major technological shift. The increasing use of artificially intelligent (AI) driven tools and solutions by organizations to bring improvements in existing HR processes and willingness to even replace traditional HR processes is undeniable (Bersin & Litai, 2020; Deloitte, 2023). We can see the traditional methods struggling to keep pace with the ever-evolving needs of the diverse workforce, technological advancement, and the progressively competitive global talent pool (McKinsey Global Institute, 2021).

During this transition, Artificial Intelligence seems to emerge as probable solution that has a potential to reshape how organizations across the globe attract, manage, and develop their talent. However, attention needs to be paid when synergizing collaboration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with human insight as it remains the cornerstone of effective HR while AI's true potential lies in its ability to supplement, not replace, human decision-making.

This synergy between AI and HR also comes with a set of challenges to be dealt with. One of the key concerns surrounding utilization and incorporation of AI in human resources practices is ensuring ethical and unbiased use of AI. Due to the use of algorithms involved in the AI processes, there seems to be a possible risk of reinforcing existing biases in the data to be used by AI models, potentially leading to discriminatory outcomes in HR processes. Therefore, it is imperative for the HR professionals to navigate these ethical considerations and ensure responsible usage of AI in the workplace (Tian, 2021).
Importance of Wellbore Clearance on Plug & Perf Safe and Efficient Operations Execution
Authors: Alabdulmuhsin A. H. , Yilmaz K. , Mahfouz K.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this abstract is to present examples whereby a decrease in the bypass area between the frac plug and the casing wall caused the wireline BHA to be unintentionally pumped off from the wireline weak point during plug and perf (P&P) operations. This abstract helps engineers involved in P&P operations better understand the dynamics, forces, and details connected with pump down operations.

In any cased hole wireline bottom hole assembly (BHA), the plug will have the largest outside diameter (OD). Plugs are typically being pumped down with less than 0.25 in clearance on each side of the plug. Considering the dynamics of the fluid velocity around the plug, they can experience some extreme forces. Most plug providers provide guidance on the balance of pump rate and line rate, their goal is to manage the flow bypassing the plug. Because the bypass around the plug is so much smaller than that of the casing, the velocity of the fluid around the plug is going to accelerate. When calculating the speed of the fluid passing the plug during pump down, it must be taken into consideration, the velocity of the plug, the pump rate and the casing and plug OD.

In the first example, a section of deformed casing was suspected to cause a decrease in fluid bypass area across the plug during pump down. The decrease in fluid bypass area increased the fluid bypass velocity which created a low pressure around the plug. With lower pressures around the OD of the plug, the rubber element responded to the lower pressure causing it to swell. This swelling of the element can cause it to contact the casing and cause an instantaneous spike in line tension which triggered the BHA pump off.

In the second example, continuous hard tagging of the plug against a restriction caused the plug OD to expand due to mechanical deformation, thus decreasing the fluid bypass area between the plug and casing ID. This did not allow the plug to pass through an up-hole restriction when it was decided to POOH. A suspected surface valve manipulation caused downhole fluid movement into the well which acted on the increased plug OD which caused the BHA pump off.

These findings help in better understanding of the P&A operations. This is achieved through the in depth understanding of the variables that contribute to the mathematical equations which calculate the fluid velocity across the plug and understanding its limitations. Whenever there are signs of casing deformation, downhole anomaly or restriction, poor cement behind casing or vacuum in the well, these are all warning signs of a potential issue that could affect the fluid bypass velocity across the plug. Running procedures in future well designs will be performed to mitigate those risks when there is a possibility of a critical decrease in fluid bypass area across the plug.
Pseudo-Isotherm: A Revised Concept of Desorption Phenomena of Coal Bed Gas Reservoirs Integrating Isotherm, Material Balance, and Pressure for Optimized Field Development
Authors: Parida B. P. , Sinharay R. , Dixit M. , Upadhyay R. , Chand J. C. , Fife D.
Published: May 2024

Gas in the coal is found largely in the form of the adsorbed methane on the surface of micropores. Methane desorbs and diffuses from micropores to cleat systems; then cleat network delivers the gas to the wellbore. This phenomenon is empirically explained by Langmuir isotherm which is a plot between pressure and adsorbed gas content. The isotherm is generated in a laboratory, and it indicates how a particular reservoir will desorb the gas from the coal surface with a reduction in pressure throughout the production stage from startup to abandonment. This study aims to validate the laboratory-derived isotherm after a few years of field production which will have a major impact on the revised development plan with infill wells.

Assuming that the initially established isotherm is correct, the difference of the initial and current adsorbed gas volume should match closely with the produced gas volume. However, production analysis after five years indicates that the calculated produced gas volume is significantly higher than the observed, thus invalidating the fundamental material balance equation. This triggers the question - what is wrong with using initially established adsorption isotherm in recovery calculations of depleted coal reservoirs and how to correct it?

This necessitates revision/review of isotherms to match both current pressure and current GC/GIP. (Gas in Place = Area* Current GC*Thickness* density). As explained before, for CBM reservoirs; Gas content, cumulative gas prod and current reservoir pressure are direct measurements and require a very strong logic to change the parameters. On the other hand, Langmuir isotherm is a laboratory derived from a representative sample of coal which has inherent uncertainties starting from sampling to measurement. Hence, the isotherm shape is modified based on production data analysis and associated material balance results.

Taking all these empirical calculations into account, the lab isotherm is revised such that it satisfies both initial and current reservoir conditions. This solution is validated with hard field data in the form of new core holes which were drilled after three years of production. The pressure and gas content measured in those core holes were plotted which matched with the pseudo-isotherm validating the new concept.

Instead of using the laboratory-derived isotherm throughout the field life, it is modified w.r.t. production data analysis and material balance. A new name is coined in the coal bed gas or coal bed methane (CBG or CBM) industry as ‘Pseudo-isotherm’ to differentiate it from lab-derived isotherm. This method can be used in other reservoirs to optimize field development through infill wells during the production stage and unlock the full potential of coal gas reservoirs.
The Challenge of Digitizing the Integrity of Thousands of Wells
Authors: Felipe Javier Alejandro
Published: May 2024

At the beginning of 2019, the Reliability and Integrity team of the Upstream vice presidency at YPF embarked on the development and implementation of the methodology to manage well integrity (WIM). For months, manuals, procedures, templates, and matrices were created to identify and calculate risk in critical wells. The methodology covered the measurement of variables, impacting formulas adapted to the context of each well.

YPF, with a base of more than thirty thousand wells, half active and five thousand highly critical, sought to simplify the management of records and variables. Digitalization became YPF's bet during one of the biggest pandemics in our recent history.

But what does the computerization of well integrity management really entail?