bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simulink / MATLAB Model of a Three-Phase Sinusoidal PWM Inverter Driven Induction Motor
Authors:   Institute of Engineering, Murray State University, Murray, KY, U.S.A,, P.E. Dr. Aleck W. Leedy, , Grider Tanner ,   Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Auburn University, Auburn, AL, U.S.A., Priddy Rebekah ,   Institute of Engineering, Murray State University, Murray, KY, U.S.A.
Published: August 2021

A three-phase voltage source inverter driven induction motor dynamic model developed using Simulink / MATLAB is presented. The presented model is derived from the d-q motor model. A modular approach is used in the construction of the motor-drive system model. The model presented is useful for studying both the steady-state and transient behavior of the motor drive system. The developed model enables the user to access all parameters of interest. Modifications can be made to the system model in order for it to be used with other motor drive system topologies. The model has benefits for use by undergraduate student researchers, and professors when used as a teaching tool in undergraduate courses.
Moderate Step Over Sensitive Move Towards Mental Stress
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Tirppur Kumaran College for Women, Tirppur, Tamil Nadu, India., Indhumathi P. , Rajeswari Dr.K. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Tirppur Kumaran College for Women, Tirppur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: August 2021

Data classification study is applied in a profound manner to find some statistical classifier to analyze the higher order and lower order priors, like a hood to perform the posterior using Bayesian classifiers. The rough set approaches planned with functional and to determine the existence of the attribute with the level to correlation among them. Approximations towards the set of some logical factors were filtered towards to detect the mental stress through data collection mainly from the working people sector. Significant analyses to quantify the features of mental stress in various diseases cataloging manner with its technical aspects with its classification types based on the class value. As a proposed system of suggested hypothesis planned to predict the classifier model to reduce the stress dependency for the working people as much as possible in a smoother way.
Detection of Tumor Cells in Brain using Cellular Automata with Image Segmentation and Edge Detection
Authors:   Professor and Dean, School of Computing, Bharath University, Chennai., A. Dr Kumaravel , Tariq Jasmeena ,   Professor and Dean, School of Computing, Bharath University, Chennai.
Published: August 2021

Tumor growth or, growth of cancerous cells is a big challenge in today’s medical word. When dealing with human life, the detection of tumors through computers has to be highly accurate. Thus we require the assistance of computer in medical examinations, so that we will get very low rate of false cases. Brain tumor, in today’s world, is seen as most threatening and life taking disease. In order to detect brain tumor more accurately in lesser time, many techniques have already been proposed using image segmentation and edge detection. In our paper we propose a technique which is more efficient to detect brain tumor where edge detection through cellular automata have been used from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan images. It processes these images, and determines the area affected by using segmentation and edge detection with cellular automata. Simulated work is completed with the help of Simulink in MATLAB. Regarding this particular topic there are many studies, however our proposal of combination of both segmentation and edge detection through cellular automata shows better results as compared to combining segmentation with classical edge detection in term of computation time and clarity. This will help in efficiency of detecting brain tumor and later in its removal.
A Floating Differential DAC Expands the Output Voltage Range for Electrochemical Measurements
Authors: Sailer Norbert , Siegl Inge , Haberler Markus , Steffan Christoph
Published: August 2021

A floating differential DAC expands the output voltage range for electrochemical measurements
Deep Labeller: Automatic Bounding Box Generation for Synthetic Violence Detection Datasets
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Shahroz
Published: August 2021

Automatic labelling
IEEE 802.11ah-Enabled Internet-of-Drone Architecture
Authors: Alam Mehbub , Ahmed Nurzaman , Matam Rakesh , Ahmed Barbhuiya Ferdous
Published: August 2021

IEEE 802.11ah is considered as a promising and scalable solution for connecting a large number of drones. With the support of sub-1GHz channel bands, relay, and group-based channel access mechanism, 802.11ah can help drone stations for collecting commands, sending data, and processing response to the control room. However, achieving required throughput and latency is still challenging due to high mobility and dynamic relaying requirement. This article proposes an IEEE 802.11ahbased Internet-of-Drones (IoD) architecture for surveillance and remote control. Our scheme predicts the location of a drone and places the required association and channel access configuration to a relay node dynamically. Moreover, the current mode of a drone station is switched to relay from station as per the location. The relay nodes use transmission opportunity (TXOP) with implicit acknowledgement to increase the efficiency of the network. The performance analysis shows significant improvement in terms of throughput and latency.
Tax Law Rulings as an Example of Support for Taxpayers
Authors: Bobrus-Nowińska Ewelina
Published: August 2021

Tax law rulings are not an institution typical only for the Polish tax system, because they occur, in various forms, almost everywhere in Europe. Undoubtedly this reflects the fact that the legislator is able to see the specifics of the tax law – the area not only extremely complex and extensive, but first of all affecting the ownership right. Rulings give the taxpayers not only the chance to clarify doubts related to the text of regulations, but also create a sense of security and certainty – if taxpayers follow recommendations of the authority included in the ruling, they will not suffer any negative consequences of their own actions.
Flexibility of Tax Law Provisions and Legal Definitions
Authors: Borszowski Paweł
Published: August 2021

Simultaneously using legal definitions and vague wording in tax law provisions was subject to analysis in the article. These are namely the situations where while structuring the legal definition, the tax lawmaker simultaneously uses vague wording. It creates interesting interpretative problems and difficulties regarding tax law application for both tax theory and practice. The author indicates that the Polish tax legislator does not use the determinants which would allow to properly create legal definitions, at the same time making use of vague expressions. Hence, the aim of the article is to tell these determinants.
Protection of Taxpayers’ Rights in the Romanian Legislation
Authors: Costea Ioana Maria
Published: August 2021

Our study will analyse, in national and European context, the normative and administrative dimensions of the taxpayers’ rights. Romanian legislation is generous in granting administrative rights to the taxpayer, especially in administrative procedures, such as communication with the administrative authority or tax control. The study will identify the legal regime of these rights and the legal consequences deriving from a possible breach. Romanian legislation also ensures a number of judicial rights, in accordance with the European Convention of Human Rights and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights. The judicial rights are at the centre of the study, especially in the cases when the procedure is mixed with criminal elements. However, a significant number of particularities of the tax procedure mutate the content of these rights, such as the object of the complaint, the access to a judge through a mandatory preliminary procedure. In this sense, taxpayers’ rights have a different dynamic than the rights granted in common civil or criminal procedures. Through these lenses, our study will generate an inventory of rights underlining their enforcement regime and their particularities as to the common regulation.
Reshaping Institutional Structure for Financial Consumer Protection
Authors: Cyman Damian
Published: August 2021

The article presents the significance of proper consumer protection for the stability of the financial market. It presents the basic assumptions of such protection and the direction of changes introduced as a result of the crisis of 2007 and the following years. It discusses the change of the consumer protection paradigm from the disclosure obligation to institutional and supervisory protection. It presents the adopted supervision models, including the twin peaks supervision, as well as the objectives that a proper supervision should execute in terms of financial services consumer protection.
Taxation of Holding Companies in the Context of EU and International Tax Law
Authors: Gajewski Dominik J.
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper is the analysis of the influence of European Union legal regulations, as well as international tax law on the development of tax law applicable to holding companies. It is particularly relevant for entities – holding companies conducting cross-border operation within the European Union. Currently, international holding companies create their tax strategies using internal domestic legal reg ulations, EU tax law, and international tax law (based on numerous agreements on avoiding double taxation). This contributes to creating tax optimisation policies that frequently boil down to international tax avoidance. Undoubtedly, the judicial decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union have also influenced the development of tax law applicable to holding companies. Due to the lack of harmonisation of tax law applicable to international holding companies, the Court of Justice endeavours to support the processes of standardisation of the tax systems that these entities are covered by.
The Legal Classification of Bitcoin and other Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Király Péter Bálint
Published: August 2021

Cryptocurrencies are digital assets desig ned to work as a medium of exchange that uses cryptography to secure its transactions, to control the creation of additional units, and to verify the transfer of assets. In the past few years there is a growing number of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, etc. In my paper and presentation I would like to present the difficulties of the legal classification of cryptocurrencies. Countries all over the world have different solutions to this question. It is not written in stone whether cryptocurrencies should be considered a currency, a commodity, or an investment. In my study I examine each of these possibilities.
Tax Indicators as a Tool for Assessing the Financial Stability of a Budget Educational Institution
Authors: Krivosheyev Artem
Published: August 2021

The article studies the effect of the changes in legislation on the financial stability of higher education institutions. Changes in the procedure of property tax calculation in the current tax year significantly increase the tax burden of higher education institutions, which may result in much lower solvency ratio and hamper the universities’ activities aimed at the formation of social, cultural, scientific and innovative environments of the regions. This, in turn, will affect their financial stability. The aim of the present research is to analyse the level of financial stability of universities after the changes in the property tax laws. The economic analysis is performed by means of approved calculation methods and is based on the case study of a Voronezh Region university.
Interpretation of Treaties for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Practical Examples
Authors: Marethová Zuzana , Liška Michal
Published: August 2021

This contribution deals with the problem of interpretation of treaties for the avoidance of double taxation from the point of interpretative models theory. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the continental interpretative canon or Anglo–Saxon one should be used during the procedure of interpretation of the legal concept of treaties.
A New Nexus Based on the Concept of Significant Economic Presence: The Digital Permanent Establishment
Authors: Losada Soraya Rodríguez
Published: August 2021

The traditional concept of EP status is obsolete and enables digital companies to enter a foreign market jurisdiction without having a minimal physical presence. These companies usually do not reach the threshold required to establish the necessary taxable nexus to attribute the profits to that jurisdiction. For the purpose of realigning corporate taxation with the location of actual business activities, Action 1 Final Report relaunches the debate of a new nexus based on the concept of significant economic presence.
Exemption of Heritage Properties in Poland from Property Tax – The Fundamentals, Evolution of Solutions and Legal Framework
Authors: Ofiarski Zbigniew
Published: August 2021

Protection of historic properties is a public task which in Poland is performed by state bodies and local authorities. It consists in, inter alia, provision of legal, organisational and financial conditions which allow for long-term protection, restoration, utilisation and maintenance of heritage buildings. Provision of tax preferences towards historic properties is an important financial incentive for entities engaged in historic preservation and operating outside the public finance sector (in particular non-governmental organisations and natural persons). To determine the nature and scope of the tax preference, a systemic analysis of the Act on protection and maintenance of historical monuments and the Act on taxes and local fees is required. To ascertain the fundamentals and the scope of the regulatory law regarding heritage property tax exemption, as well as the way in which the legal regulations have developed, the tax legislation and judicial practice were analysed and the reference literature was reviewed with the application of the dogmatic-legal and empirical methods. The hypothesis on the conditional nature of the tax exemption was proven to be correct. Concurrently, it was shown that the fulfilment of statutory tax exemption conditions makes the taxpayer eligible for the tax incentive regardless of his/her legal status and involvement in other activities.
Local Government Financial Institution and FinTech
Authors: Srokosz Witold
Published: August 2021

The article compares the characteristics of local government financial institutions and FinTechs in order to make an attempt to answer the question whether a local government financial institution may constitute a FinTech. The study analyses a particular case of using the business model based on blockchain technology for a local government financial institution, as well as discusses the possibility to base the functioning of such institution on the DAO concept. The article is summarised with the outline of the analyses of legal barriers concerning the creation and functioning of local government financial institutions as FinTechs.
Budget Planning in the Republic of Lithuania under the Influence of European Union Law
Authors: Sudavičius Bronius
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the problem of the impact of the European Union law on budget planning legal regulation in the Republic of Lithuania after accession to the European Union in 2004. Such questions, as harmonisation of annual and medium-term budget planning , changes in the budget planning process, the requirements of stability and growth pact and their implementation in the national law are analysed in the article.
Legal Aspects of EU Funding Related to State Organisational Units in the Czech Republic
Authors: Válková Irena
Published: August 2021

State organisational units in the Czech Republic play different roles while receiving appropriations from the EU budget. The robust implementation structure was established at the national level delegating power on selected state organisational units to manage funds under shared management such as European structural and investment funds. In addition, state organisational units might be beneficiaries of projects under direct and indirect management. The paper focuses on key problems that the present system brings.
Do the Social Insurance Contributions Payable in Poland Constitute a Tax?
Authors: Wantoch-Rekowski Jacek
Published: August 2021

Among the enforced public levies in Poland, taxes and social security contributions are certainly the ones of the greatest significance. There are major similarities between them, however differences are also noticeable. On the economic level, contributions are even referred to as an “exceptional tax”. The aim of the study is to determine – on the legal level – whether it is reasonable to consider the contributions payable in Poland a tax.
Finding an optimal distance of social distancing for COVID 19
Authors: Manoharan J Samuel
Published: August 2021

Social distancing is a non-pharmaceutical infection prevention and control approach that is now being utilized in the COVID-19 scenario to avoid or restrict the transmission of illness in a community. As a consequence, the disease transmission, as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with it are reduced. The deadly coronavirus will circulate if the distance between the two persons in each site is used. However, coronavirus exposure must be avoided at all costs. The distance varies due to different nations' political rules and the conditions of their medical embassy. The WHO established a social distance of 1 to 2 metres as the standard. This research work has developed a computational method for estimating the impact of coronavirus based on various social distancing metrics. Generally, in COVID – 19 situations, social distance ranging from long to extremely long can be a good strategy. The adoption of extremely small social distance is a harmful approach to the pandemic. This calculation can be done by using deep learning based on crowd image identification. The proposed work has been utilized to find the optimal social distancing for COVID – 19 and it is identified as 1.89 meter. The purpose of the proposed experiment is to compare the different types of deep learning based image recognition algorithms in a crowded environment. The performance can be measured with various metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and true detection rate.
PROBLEMS OF APPLYING ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of State Financial Control and Treasury of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GUSAROVA L. V. , KUDRIN M. E. ,   Postgraduate student of the Science and Education Center of Aerospace Defense “Almaz – Antey”, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of applying economic and mathematical methods in the organization of production in conditions of digitalization. The reasons and necessity of the formation of economic and mathematical methods in the domestic and foreign literature are considered, the reasons for the mathematization of economic methods are reflected. The problems of economic and mathematical methods and economic and mathematical models in the conditions of constant growth of information and digitalization are established. The main task of the research is to identify problems and study the application of economic and mathematical methods in the organization of production in modern conditions of digitalization, as well as to identify trends in their development.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF "INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER" IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors:   Graduate student of the Department of Finance and Economic Security of Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, MAKSIMOVA N. A.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the concepts of "cluster", "cooperation", "industrial cluster". The latter term is justified taking into account the use of various modern digital technologies in the framework of ensuring economic security in the conditions of the operation of the enterprise during the period of restrictive measures taken in connection with the complex epidemiological situation in the country and the world.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT: DESIGN AND ENGINEERING CONCEPT
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Organization of Construction Management, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia, BETIN V. O.
Published: August 2021

In recent decades, the main problem of the construction business, which constantly attracts the attention of specialists, has been its financial component. Now that such concentration has given a noticeable positive result, another, much more complex set of issues that requires equally enhanced analytics comes to the fore – the organization of management. The article develops a methodological path (concept) that can effectively and quickly solve this key task for practice. It is proposed to form an independent block of management organization methods-construction management as a related branch of a well-known scientific and applied discipline that even has a name that does not require translation – project management. The general outline of practical tasks and tools for managing the construction business that ensure the achievement of a properly set economic and consumer goal is outlined.
MANAGEMENT OF INTEGRATED STRUCTURES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department Economics and Management of Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of the Kemerovo State University, Novokuznetsk, Russia, NAPLYOKOVA T. K.
Published: August 2021

The article shows that the strategic map provides the missing link between the formulation of the development strategy and its implementation, as well as the regulatory checklist of all components of the development strategy and the interconnections of integrated structures and is a tool for managing the integrated structures of industrial enterprises. Reporting and analysis tools should be used to support the assessment of the development strategy to analyze the factors influencing the actions taken.
LABOUR RATIONING: PROBLEMS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of State Financial Control and Treasury, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GUSAROVA L. V. , KUDRIN M. E. ,   Postgraduate student of the Science and Education Center of Aerospace Defense “Almaz – Antey”, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of labor rationing in the organization of production in modern conditions. The analysis of regulatory and legal regulation in the studied area is presented. The current trends and the work of international communities in the field of labor rationing are considered. The main task is to study the problems and possible approaches to managing labor rationing in holding structures.
IMPROVING THE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE ACTIVITIES OF OPERATORS INVESTMENT PLATFORMS
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Economic Security and Management of Risks, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ZEMSKOV V. V. , TIMOFEEV E. A. ,   Postgraduate of the Department of Economic Security and Management of Risks, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the work is to analyze and develop a risk management system in the activities of investment platform operators to improve the financial stability of contracts. The assessment of financial risks of persons attracting investments of the operator of the investment platform is based on the methods of analogies, financial coefficients, expert and statistical methods. According to the authors, it is necessary to form a risk management system integrated into the general management system to protect the interests of both users of the investment platform and their own. The results can be applied in the formation of a risk management system for investment platform operators.
MODERN MANAGEMENT CREATIVE FOR THE APPLICATION OF REENGINEERING METHOD IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
Authors:   MA, Doctorand, Business and Law Faculty, University „MB”, Belgrade, Serbia, LOJANIČIĆ D. , VELJOVIĆ N. ,   Doctorand, Business and Law Faculty, University „MB”, Belgrade, Serbia, BABIĆ G. ,   Prof. Dr, the College of Academic Studies „Dositej“, Belgrade, Serbia, ŽIVANOVIĆ N. ,   Prof. Dr, Business and Law Faculty, University „MB”, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: August 2021

Bearing in mind the world research study whose results show that today the industrial concept of corporations is exposed to constant processes of change, and accordingly, production processes and at the same time improvement processes should begin at the very beginning in everyday work, both in the organization of production and production. and in strategic business planning and management decision-making in the entire business system. Practice shows, that if the implementation of a change is not perceived as primary by all employees, however, the accepted change determined by the implementation of this method of improvement only in their minds, is not enough. If everything goes according to plan for all activities of employees and the team, then these changes lead to acceptable and stable improvements. It is the starting point for ensuring the long-term success of industrial production and is an important generator or engine for motivating employees. The implemented RE changes are the driving force that certainly leads to the achievement of new goals and the success of the strategic business of companies. The advantages of applying reengineering techniques in business systems in the world are reflected in the improvement of quality and sophistication of management and all employees to successfully eliminate harmful production and business processes related to the overall organization, and thus greater product placement on the world market. High managerial creativity is important for the industrial business sustainability of high market success, today and in the future. That is why efficient methods of redesigning and reorganizing certain industrial processes are being implemented in developed companies around the world. One of the key methods of achieving high quality products and services and achieving the concept of TQM – total quality management is Reengineering method – Business processes reeingeenering – RE process. Managerial creativity today has a significantly affects efficiency, so this method is effectively applied continuously in the elimination of problematic production processes in industrial business and manufacturing companies around the world.
ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA. Part 3: Economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia – China – the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, which determines the interdependence of the national economies of these countries, is proposed. This allows us to give a forecast of the development of economic relations between the countries of the strategic triangle. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are important economic partners for each other.
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF THE MAIN MANAGERS OF BUDGET FUNDS
Authors:   Master’s Degree, Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, AZIMOV S. A.
Published: August 2021

As part of this work, a detailed analysis of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the financial management system of the main managers of budget funds was carried out, judgments on the features and effectiveness of the implementation of the financial management system of the main managers of budget funds were presented, methods for evaluating the internal control system were considered. The principles of using the system, the positive and negative sides are analyzed. Recommendations on the adaptation of the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of financial management systems in the main managers of budget funds are proposed.
Case of acute esophagogastroectasia in a cat
Authors:   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Main Specialist, Veterinarian, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality Moscow, Russian Federation, Lugovaya I. S. , Pozyabin S. V. ,   Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Veterinary Surgery, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Azarnova T. O. ,   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Chemistry named after Professors S. I. Afonsky, A. G. Malakhov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Cases of poisoning of domestic animals with household chemicals, in particular, chlorine-containing and surface-active substances (surfactants) are not uncommon, however, the changes occurring in the body under the action of this group of substances are insufficiently described. This article describes a case of acute gastric dilatation and megaesophagus in a cat, presumably against the background of poisoning with surfactants and chlorine-containing agents, including pathogenetic X-ray diagnostics and blood tests.
The determination of species variety of bacterium genus Staphylococcus sp., taken from poultry having different clinicalmorphological disease symptoms
Authors:   Bachelor of Biology of Veterinary-Biological Faculty of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sadovaya E. A. , Litvinov O. B. ,   Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Moscow State Academy of Veterinarian Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Laishevtsev A. I. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of Laboratory of Diagnostics and Control of Antibiotic Resistance of Mostly Clinical Important Agents of Infectious Animal Diseases of Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Skryabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of determination of species variety of staphylococcus agents taken from poultry by the last few years. The laboratory diagnostic research was done in the Laboratory of diagnostics and control of antibiotic resistance of mostly clinical important agents of infectious animal diseases of Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I.Skryabin and Ya. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Pathologic material from broiler chickens and turkey of different age groups (from 1 to 70 days old) was analyzed by the scheme of laboratory diagnostic research used in the Laboratory. The bacterial inoculation from different organs to blood agar was done, then we chose pure cultures by inoculating on sectors, after this we washed the culture to test-tubes and sent them for species determination by using the method of MALDI-TOF MS. Selected staphylococci cultures were analyzed for antibiotic resistance. The pathogenicity of the selected Staphylococcus epidermidis culture was by doing the bioassay on laboratory mice. Necropsy of mice, in smears-prints and inoculations of cultures of typical growth for staphylococci were not found, which suggests that the culture of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from poultry is non-pathogenic.
Validation of Gazepoint low-cost eye-tracking and psychophysiology bundle
Authors: Cuve Hélio Clemente , Stojanov Jelka , Roberts-Gaal Xavier , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey
Published: August 2021

Eye-tracking and recording of physiological signals are increasingly used in research within cognitive science and human–computer interaction. For example, gaze position and measures of autonomic arousal, including pupil dilation, skin conductance (SC), and heart rate (HR), provide an indicator of cognitive and physiological processes. The growing popularity of these techniques is partially driven by the emergence of low-cost recording equipment and the proliferation of open-source software for data collection and analysis of such signals. However, the use of new technology requires investigation of its reliability and validation with respect to real-world usage and against established technologies. Accordingly, in two experiments (total N = 69), we assessed the Gazepoint GP3-HD eye-tracker and Gazepoint Biometrics (GPB) system from Gazepoint. We show that the accuracy, precision, and robustness of the eye-tracker are comparable to competing systems. While fixation and saccade events can be reliably extracted, the study of saccade kinematics is affected by the low sampling rate. The GP3-HD is also able to capture psychological effects on pupil dilation in addition to the well-defined pupillary light reflex. Finally, moderate-to-strong correlations between physiological recordings and derived metrics of SC and HR between the GPB and the well-established BIOPAC MP160 support its validity. However, low amplitude of the SC signal obtained from the GPB may reduce sensitivity when separating phasic and tonic components. Similarly, data loss in pulse monitoring may pose difficulties for certain HR variability analyses.
Novel MOSFET Based Pressure Sensor That Uses Combined Channel Piezoresistance and Gate Capacitance Effects
Authors: AP Ajay , Bhat KN , Bhat Navakanta , Kulkarni SM
Published: August 2021

The paper considers modeling and analysis of a square and circular diaphragm Suspended Gate MOSFET based pressure sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. Two structures, one a square with an n-channel MOSFET at the center and the second a circle with a p-channel MOSFET at the edge of the diaphragm were simulated. The piezoresistance effect of the channel and capacitance variation due to the suspended gate have been exploited in designing the sensor. The combined effect of the two has not been reported in literature so far and this is the first attempt at combining the two effects for transduction. Channel is modelled separately as an equivalent piezoresistor and the capacitance variation is also simulated in COMSOL. The MOSFET characteristics in the unstrained and strained conditions are modelled using COMSOL and MATLAB. The MOSFETs are operated in their linear region. This novel MOSFET design has a promising application and has a better sensitivity compared to MOSFET exploiting a single effect or a similar piezoresistive or capacitive sensor.
Enantioenriched α-substituted glutamates/pyroglutamates via enantioselective cyclopropenimine-catalyzed Michael addition of amino ester imines
Authors: Seibel Zara M , Bandar Jeffrey S , Lambert Tristan H
Published: August 2021

A procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of α-substituted glutamates and pyroglutamates via a cyclopropenimine-catalyzed Michael addition of amino ester imines is described. Enantioselectivities of up to 94% have been achieved, and a variety of functional groups were found to be compatible. The impact of the catalyst structure and imine substitution is discussed. Compared to other methods, this protocol allows for a broader and more enantioselective access to pyroglutamate derivatives.
STRESS IN CHILDREN PATHOLOGY: FROM PSYCHOSOMATICS TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania, Buzinschi Sorin
Published: August 2021

During childhood, 3 levels of stress were proposed: positive, tolerable and toxic. The toxic stress produced by the strong, frequent and prolonged activation of the body’s response systems is a generator of behavioral and somatic sequelae. Child abuse is present in all social media in different countries. The absence of basic care has devastating effects on social and cognitive development, as found in institutionalized children. Attachment behavior and fear memory are considered stress-related biological systems. The response to stress is driven by the dynamics of cortisol secretion and its interaction with its cellular receptor. It plays a central role in the response to aggression through the process of methylation, decreased gene expression in the hippocampus and increased response to stress. Stress treatment is variable in efficiency and involves preventive measures (family and community), at school, bullying, psychological counseling, trauma-focused psychotherapy, cognitive therapy, through music.
GIANOTTI-CROSTI SYNDROME
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Ion Laura-Mihaela ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania, Boda Daniel ,   Department of Dermatology, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania,   Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Purice Mădălina-Otilia ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Caracaș Irina-Elena ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Tudorache Simona-Gabriela ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Manta Mihaela ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Pavel Adrian ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Andrei Roxana ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Bozai Damaris ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Gheorghiță Raluca ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania, Popescu Anca ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ponderas Academic Hospital, “Regina Maria” Health Network, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

We present a case of a 3 years and 8 months old female child with a generalized maculoerythematous rash associated with positive serologies for Epstein Barr virus, Echovirus and Coxsackie that raise suspicion of GianottiCrosti syndrome. The extremely low prevalence of this syndrome and the very long duration of the disease are highlighted, the rash can persist for up to 4 months. We discuss this case both in order to make health professionals aware of the existence of this rare condition, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a viral rash, and to educate the community (school, kindergarten) that tends to isolate affected children during persistence of the rash, which is considered contagious.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MEDICINE. THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE MEDICAL SYSTEM IN ROMANIA
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Dijmărescu Irina ,   Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore Alexandrescu” Emergency Children’s Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: August 2021

Entrepreneurship and medicine are in continuous growth alongside, and even if they appear to be completely different fields, entrepreneurship in medicine is becoming of remarkable interest, further highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. A main reason for this is its ability to use digital technologies, which are meant to improve healthcare. Applying digitalization in healthcare includes not only computer and database use (cloud computing, big data), but more complex methods such as robotics, automation, internet of things, artificial intelligence and, not lastly, collaboration platforms. Some shortcomings in respect to digitalization can be identified in the Romanian healthcare system and these may impact public health. Digitalization may contribute fundamentally to the improvement of public health by increasing performance. However, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, other ailments that burden the healthcare system should not be neglected (cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, etc.).
BIOETHICAL ASPECTS IN THE APPROACH OF THE MINOR PATIENT – GENERAL REVIEW
Authors:   “George Emil Palade“ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania, Sălcudean Andreea , Kiss Monica ,   Psychiatry Department, City Hospital, Odorheiu Secuiesc, Romania, Bodo Cristina Raluca ,   Psychiatry Clinic 2, County Clinical Hospital Mures, Targu Mures, Romania, Lica Maria Melania ,   “George Emil Palade“ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania, Strete Elena Gabriela ,   “George Emil Palade“ University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania
Published: August 2021

The objective of this review was to present the main ethical issues in minor patient healthcare activity including: minor patient consent, parental consent, confidentiality and medical examination. The particular ethical issues that arise in the medical care of children and adolescents overlap with those of other patients, who lack decision-making capacity or have diminished decision-making capacity. Children should always be respected as persons. A consent from the child and parental permission be sought whenever possible, by using appropriate tools. Even minor patient demonstrated the ability to understand essential elements of healthcare activity and the details of the medical examination, there is variability in children’s level of understanding, mainly due to their age and maturity. The legal framework in every country represents a guide for the medical doctors and a reference for their patients.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PLASMATIC VITAMIN D LEVEL AND REFRACTIVE STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Holhoș Larisa Bianca , Holhoș Teodora-Laura ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Arad University, Romania, Coroi Mihaela Cristiana ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Petricău Carina ,   Allergy Outpatient Unit, “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Lazăr Liviu ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Literature confirms that refractive errors are the most common, easily corrected, eye morbidity in children with disabilities. Early intervention such as wearing eyeglasses can positively impact the lives of these children. The implication of vitamin D status is investigated as a possible proactive measure in eye conditions. Aim. The current study proposed to asses the refractive status as well as vitamin D plasmatic level in 161 children. Another aim was to investigate whether myopia corelates with a lower plasmatic vitamin D level. Methods. A retrospective case-control study was done on 161 children, divided into two groups: the study group (children with disabilities) and the contol group (children without disabilities). The age range of children included in the study was from 5 to 16 years old. Results. Refractive errors were found to be more frequent in the group of children with disabilities and of these, astigmatism was the most frequent refractive disorder identified. Also, the plasmatic vitamin D level was found to be lower in those with myopia reguardless of disability status. Conclusions. Children with disabilities are diagnosed with refractive errors twice more frequenty than their healthy peers. Parents, medical staff and teachers should be aware of this risk factor and be more attentive because the presence of uncorrected refractive disorders may not be visible in most children, especially those with special needs.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES AND ANALGESICS IN PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
Authors:   Department of Paediatric Dentistry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Lupșe Irina , Muntean Alexandrina ,   Department of Paediatric Dentistry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Chiș Ioana-Andreea ,   Department of Paediatric Dentistry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Daniliuc Anca-Ioana ,   Department of Paediatric Dentistry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania, Ghergie Mircea ,   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
Published: August 2021

Analgesics are used to reduce pain, which is the main symptom experienced in dental inflammatory pathologies. Painkillers are among the most used drugs in dentistry, along with anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. A lack of knowledge regarding well-defined prescription protocols has been observed. The aim of this study was to revise and update the prescription of anti-inflammatories and analgesics according to the latest guidelines. We performed electronic research of selected databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, AAPD, from 2010-2020, in order to identify the most frequent anti-inflammatories and analgesics used in paediatric dentistry. Approximately 25% of all adverse drug reactions are the consequences of treatments with anti-inflammatory drugs. This paper focuses on both the correct and wrong prescription of medication in paediatric dentistry, as well as on the short and long-term side-effects of this prescription.
STATISTICAL STUDY CONCERNING THE ORTHODONTISTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE CONVENTIONAL AND SELF-LIGATING BRACKET SYSTEMS
Authors:   “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Vartolomei Claudiu , Șerbănoiu Dan ,   “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Dămășaru Maria ,   “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Cocoș Dorin ,   “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Boariu Dan-Gheorghe ,   Dent Estet Clinic, Sibiu, Romania, Păcurar Mariana ,   Orthodontics, “G.E Palade“ UMFST, Tg. Mures, Romania, Pollmann Maria Cristina Figueiredo ,   Orthodontic Department, Porto University, Portugal
Published: August 2021

Objective. To compare the conventional and self-ligating brackets systems from the point of view of the clinician. Material and methods. A survey was delivered to orthodontists from the international community (n = 130) in order to evaluate and compare different proprieties of the two systems. Results. Conventional brackets are preferred when it comes to bonding technique, final results from an aesthetic and functional point of view and quality-price ratio, while self-ligating brackets are elected for improved patient hygiene, less chairside time and reduced friction and global treatment time. Conclusions. Orthodontists currently use both systems in their practice and each of them has certain features which makes them superior in comparison to the other.