bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diachronous Cretaceous Closure of the Bangong‐Nujiang‐Shyok Ocean (Westernmost Central Tibet)
Authors: Ma Anlin , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Xue Weiwei , Schlagintweit Felix , Xu Yiwei , Lai Wen
Published: December 2024

Precisely reconstructing the diachroneity of continental collision along various Paleo‐, Meso‐, and Neo‐Tethyan branches has proved to be challenging, which limited our understanding of the dynamics of terrane suturing and associated topographic inheritance in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we present stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence to support, for the first time, the presence of a late Early Cretaceous remnant deep‐water basin active at least until 110 Ma in the westernmost Bangong‐Nujiang suture in central Tibet. This basin was confined by shallow‐marine deposition in the north, east, and southeast, as indicated by obitolinid biostratigraphy and maximum depositional ages for six lithostratigraphic units, while the corresponding ocean had already closed in the east by Aptian‐Albian time. Detrital zircon U‐Pb age data (n = 965), forward numerical mixture modeling, and in situ εHf(t) values point at syn‐collisional magmatic rocks along strike in the east as the main sediment source, with additional variable input from uplifted Jurassic‐lowermost Cretaceous turbidites. Our paleogeographic reconstruction indicates that the closure of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean progressed markedly diachronously from east to west, culminating in the final closure of the Shyok oceanic branch during the Late Cretaceous (probably by 95 and no later than 85 Ma). This westward‐younging ocean closure corresponds to a shorter duration of continental convergence in the west, resulting in less crustal shortening and tectonic uplift than in the east. This may have played a pivotal role in shaping Cenozoic topography, characterized by higher elevations in the east compared to the west along the Bangong‐Nujiang‐suture valley.
Noncoding RNA as a crucial epigenetic modulator in the degeneration of the ligamentum flavum
Authors: Zhao Yongzhao , Xiang Qian , Tian Shuo , Wu Zhenquan , Lin Jialiang , Wang Longjie , Sun Zhuoran , Li Weishi
Published: December 2024

Ligamentum flavum degeneration, including hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum, leads to degenerative spinal stenosis in older adults. However, the underlying mechanisms of ligamentum flavum degeneration remain unclear, and therapeutic strategies are limited. Noncoding RNAs include microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. As important epigenetic modifications, noncoding RNAs are involved in the progression of several age-related diseases, including ligamentum flavum degeneration. Previous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs can regulate the osteogenic differentiation and fibrosis of ligamentum flavum cells by regulating the expression of related genes. In this review, we discuss noncoding RNAs and their role in ligamentum flavum degeneration.
Infection of Helicobacter pylori contributes to the progression of gastric cancer through ferroptosis
Authors: Liu Yun , Miao Renjie , Xia Jinxuan , Zhou Yong , Yao Jun , Shao Shihe
Published: December 2024

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that colonizes gastric epithelial cells, and its chronic infection is the primary risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by intracellular lipid peroxide accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance. There is evidence suggesting that pathogens can manipulate ferroptosis to facilitate their replication, transmission, and pathogenesis. However, the interaction between ferroptosis and H. pylori infection requires further elucidation. We reviewed the mechanism of ferroptosis and found that H. pylori virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), neutrophil-activating protein A (NapA), superoxide dismutase B (SodB), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) affected glutathione (GSH), ROS, and lipid oxidation to regulate ferroptosis. It also affected the progression of GC by regulating ferroptosis-related indicators through abnormal gene expression after H. pylori infected gastric mucosa cells. Finally, we discuss the potential application value of ferroptosis inducers, inhibitors and other drugs in treating H. pylori-infected GC patients while acknowledging that their interactions are still not fully understood.
EF-P and its paralog EfpL (YeiP) differentially control translation of proline-containing sequences
Authors: Sieber Alina , Parr Marina , von Ehr Julian , Dhamotharan Karthikeyan , Kielkowski Pavel , Brewer Tess , Schäpers Anna , Krafczyk Ralph , Qi Fei , Schlundt Andreas , Frishman Dmitrij , Lassak Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Polyproline sequences are deleterious to cells because they stall ribosomes. In bacteria, EF-P plays an important role in overcoming such polyproline sequence-induced ribosome stalling. Additionally, numerous bacteria possess an EF-P paralog called EfpL (also known as YeiP) of unknown function. Here, we functionally and structurally characterize EfpL from Escherichia coli and demonstrate its role in the translational stress response. Through ribosome profiling, we analyze the EfpL arrest motif spectrum and find additional sequences beyond the canonical polyproline motifs that both EF-P and EfpL can resolve. Notably, the two factors can also induce pauses. We further report that EfpL can sense the metabolic state of the cell via lysine acylation. Overall, our work characterizes the role of EfpL in ribosome rescue at proline-containing sequences, and provides evidence that co-occurrence of EF-P and EfpL is an evolutionary driver for higher bacterial growth rates.
Hospital-wide access to genomic data advanced pediatric rare disease research and clinical outcomes
Authors: French Courtney E. , Andrews Nancy C. , Beggs Alan H. , Boone Philip M. , Brownstein Catherine A. , Chopra Maya , Chou Janet , Chung Wendy K. , D’Gama Alissa M. , Doan Ryan N. , Ebrahimi-Fakhari Darius , Goldstein Richard D. , Irons Mira , Jacobsen Christina , Kenna Margaret , Lee Ted , Madden Jill A. , Majmundar Amar J. , Mann Nina , Morton Sarah U. , Poduri Annapurna , Randolph Adrienne G. , Roberts Amy E. , Roberts Stephanie , Sampson Matthew G. , Shao Diane D. , Shao Wanqing , Sharma Aditi , Shearer Eliot , Shimamura Akiko , Snapper Scott B. , Srivastava Siddharth , Thiagarajah Jay R. , Whitman Mary C. , Wojcik Monica H. , Rockowitz Shira , Sliz Piotr
Published: December 2024

Boston Children’s Hospital has established a genomic sequencing and analysis research initiative to improve clinical care for pediatric rare disease patients. Through the Children’s Rare Disease Collaborative (CRDC), the hospital offers CLIA-grade exome and genome sequencing, along with other sequencing types, to patients enrolled in specialized rare disease research studies. The data, consented for broad research use, are harmonized and analyzed with CRDC-supported variant interpretation tools. Since its launch, 66 investigators representing 26 divisions and 45 phenotype-based cohorts have joined the CRDC. These studies enrolled 4653 families, with 35% of analyzed cases having a finding either confirmed or under further investigation. This accessible and harmonized genomics platform also supports additional institutional data collections, research and clinical, and now encompasses 13,800+ patients and their families. This has fostered new research projects and collaborations, increased genetic diagnoses and accelerated innovative research via integration of genomics research with clinical care.
Comparative transcriptomic, epigenomic and immunological analyses identify drivers of disparity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Huang Hao , Keathley Russel , Kim Ujin , Cardenas Horacio , Xie Ping , Wei Jianjun , Lengyel Ernst , Nephew Kenneth P. , Zhao Guangyuan , Fu Zhen , Barber Emma L. , Kocherginsky Masha , Bae-Jump Victoria , Zhang Bin , Matei Daniela
Published: December 2024

Black women face the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio from high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). This study investigated biological differences in HGSOC tumors from Black vs. White women. HGSOC from 35 Black and 31 White patients were analyzed by Infinium Methyation-EPIC array and RNA sequencing. 191 CpG sites were differentially methylated (FDR < 0.05, β value change> 10%) and 277 genes were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05). Gene Ontology identified enriched pathways related to DNA damage response, p53/apoptosis signaling, and cholesterol/lipid metabolism directly connected with genes like INSR, FOXA1 and FOXB1. INSR and FOXA1 knockdown enhanced cisplatin sensitivity and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Tumors from Black patients were infiltrated by fewer CD4+ naïve and regulatory T-cells. Overall, differences in DNA methylation, transcriptomic profiles and immune cell infiltration were detected in tumors from Black vs. White patients. Further investigation is warranted into how these differences may affect treatment response and outcomes in Black women.
Modeling the persistence of 4CMenB vaccine protection against real world meningococcal B disease in adolescents
Authors: Argante Lorenzo , Prunas Ottavia , Medini Duccio , Ypma Ellen
Published: December 2024

The efficacy of the four-component 4CMenB vaccine is measured through the serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) assay on four meningococcal B (MenB) indicator strains. However, they are not epidemiologically relevant for disease, thus the real-world persistence of 4CMenB protection remains uncertain. Several mathematical models of waning immunity were fitted on longitudinal SBA data from persistence studies in adolescents, with up to eight years follow-up after 4CMenB priming vaccination. The best model was used to predict protection from indicator strains. MenB typing data from the United States were used to integrate antigen-level curves and predict the persistence of protection from real-world MenB strains, considering synergies between antigens. Models show that protection and its evolution varied by antigen and that 4CMenB likely elicits antibody-producing long-lived plasma cells. 4CMenB protection from real-world MenB disease persisted at 61.5% four years post-priming and 70.5% four years post-booster. This evidence could support decision-making on adolescent immunization programs.
Systematic mapping of antibiotic cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity with chemical genetics
Authors: Sakenova Nazgul , Cacace Elisabetta , Orakov Askarbek , Huber Florian , Varik Vallo , Kritikos George , Michiels Jan , Bork Peer , Cossart Pascale , Goemans Camille V. , Typas Athanasios
Published: December 2024

By acquiring or evolving resistance to one antibiotic, bacteria can become cross-resistant to a second antibiotic, which further limits therapeutic choices. In the opposite scenario, initial resistance leads to collateral sensitivity to a second antibiotic, which can inform cycling or combinatorial treatments. Despite their clinical relevance, our knowledge of both interactions is limited. We used published chemical genetics data of the Escherichia coli single-gene deletion library in 40 antibiotics and devised a metric that discriminates between known cross-resistance and collateral-sensitivity antibiotic interactions. Thereby we inferred 404 cases of cross-resistance and 267 of collateral-sensitivity, expanding the number of known interactions by over threefold. We further validated 64/70 inferred interactions using experimental evolution. By identifying mutants driving these interactions in chemical genetics, we demonstrated that a drug pair can exhibit both interactions depending on the resistance mechanism. Finally, we applied collateral-sensitive drug pairs in combination to reduce antibiotic-resistance development in vitro.
Reliability analysis of subsea control system using FMEA and FFTA
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Guangxin , Xiao Wensheng , Liu Jian , Tan Liping , Li Changjiang , Wang Teng , Yang Fengran , Xue Chengzhi
Published: December 2024

Reliability technology plays a significant role in ensuring the safe operation of the subsea control system. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the reliability of complex systems, a combination of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fuzzy Fault Tree Approach (FFTA) is introduced. Firstly, the FMEA method is used to analyze the potential failure modes and causes of system failure by completing the qualitative analysis of system reliability from the perspective of multi-factor failure modes. And the risk matrix diagram is applied to determine the degree of harm of different failure modes to the system. Then, the system reliability is quantitatively analyzed using FFTA, and a fault tree model is established by dividing the system into "system-subsystem-component" and solving for the minimum cut set. In addition, the failure probability of the top-level event is quantitatively calculated by introducing fuzzy set theory, and the probabilistic importance of the bottom-level event is analyzed to find out the weak points of each subsystem. Finally, a qualitative and quantitative reliability analysis is conducted by using FMEA-FFTA method for subsea control system. Effective measures should be taken to focus on preventive protection and regular testing for the high risk, medium–high risk and medium risk modes for subsea control system.
Issues in federated learning: some experiments and preliminary results
Authors: Bhanbhro Jamsher , Nisticò Simona , Palopoli Luigi
Published: December 2024

The growing need for data privacy and security in machine learning has led to exploring novel approaches like federated learning (FL) that allow collaborative training on distributed datasets, offering a decentralized alternative to traditional data collection methods. A prime benefit of FL is its emphasis on privacy, enabling data to stay on local devices by moving models instead of data. Despite its pioneering nature, FL faces issues such as diversity in data types, model complexity, privacy concerns, and the need for efficient resource distribution. This paper illustrates an empirical analysis of these challenges within specially designed scenarios, each aimed at studying a specific problem. In particular, differently from existing literature, we isolate the issues that can arise in an FL framework to observe their nature without the interference of external factors.
Failed mobility transition in an ideal setting and implications for building a green city
Authors: Andert Mareike , Nagel Melanie
Published: December 2024

The mobility sector significantly contributes to the climate crisis, impacting several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as good health (SDG 3), sustainable cities (SDG 11), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). Despite broad consensus on the need for mobility transformation, practical implementation is contentious due to diverse stakeholder interests. Tübingen, a green showcase city in Germany, exemplifies this challenge. Although ideal for green mobility, a tramway project was rejected in a referendum. This case-study highlights that mobility transition is not just a technical issue but a discourse-communicative challenge, emphasising the role of socially embedded narratives. The study aims to explain the referendum’s rejection by analysing discourses, identifying argumentation patterns, and providing insights for future projects. Using Hajer’s Discourse Coalitions approach and Discourse Network Analysis, the study found that the discourse was dynamic and polarised. The pro-tramway coalition’s communication deficiencies and the opposing coalition’s strong narrative connectivity influenced the outcome. Recommendations for effective communication strategies in future projects are provided.
In vivo HIV-1 nuclear condensates safeguard against cGAS and license reverse transcription
Authors: Ay Selen , Burlaud-Gaillard Julien , Gazi Anastasia , Tatirovsky Yevgeniy , Cuche Celine , Diana Jean-Sebastien , Scoca Viviana , Di Santo James P , Roingeard Philippe , Mammano Fabrizio , Di Nunzio Francesca
Published: December 2024

Entry of viral capsids into the nucleus induces the formation of biomolecular condensates called HIV-1 membraneless organelles (HIV-1-MLOs). Several questions remain about their persistence, in vivo formation, composition, and function. Our study reveals that HIV-1-MLOs persisted for several weeks in infected cells, and their abundance correlated with viral infectivity. Using an appropriate animal model, we show that HIV-1-MLOs were formed in vivo during acute infection. To explore the viral structures present within these biomolecular condensates, we used a combination of double immunogold labeling, electron microscopy and tomography, and unveiled a diverse array of viral core structures. Our functional analyses showed that HIV-1-MLOs remained stable during treatment with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, maintaining the virus in a dormant state. Drug withdrawal restored reverse transcription, promoting efficient virus replication akin to that observed in latently infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. However, when HIV-1 MLOs were deliberately disassembled by pharmacological treatment, we observed a complete loss of viral infectivity. Our findings show that HIV-1 MLOs shield the final reverse transcription product from host immune detection.
De novo variants in LRRC8C resulting in constitutive channel activation cause a human multisystem disorder
Authors: Quinodoz Mathieu , Rutz Sonja , Peter Virginie , Garavelli Livia , Innes A Micheil , Lehmann Elena F , Kellenberger Stephan , Peng Zhong , Barone Angelica , Campos-Xavier Belinda , Unger Sheila , Rivolta Carlo , Dutzler Raimund , Superti-Furga Andrea
Published: December 2024

Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are multimeric proteins composed of different paralogs of the LRRC8 family. They are activated in response to hypotonic swelling, but little is known about their specific functions. We studied two human individuals with the same congenital syndrome affecting blood vessels, brain, eyes, and bones. The LRRC8C gene harbored de novo variants in both patients, located in a region of the gene encoding the boundary between the pore and a cytoplasmic domain, which is depleted of sequence variations in control subjects. When studied by cryo-EM, both LRRC8C mutant proteins assembled as their wild-type counterparts, but showed increased flexibility, suggesting a destabilization of subunit interactions. When co-expressed with the obligatory LRRC8A subunit, the mutants exhibited enhanced activation, resulting in channel activity even at isotonic conditions in which wild-type channels are closed. We conclude that structural perturbations of LRRC8C impair channel gating and constitute the mechanistic basis of the dominant gain-of-function effect of these pathogenic variants. The pleiotropic phenotype of this novel clinical entity associated with monoallelic LRRC8C variants indicates the fundamental roles of VRACs in different tissues and organs.
FOXP1 phosphorylation antagonizes its O-GlcNAcylation in regulating ATR activation in response to replication stress
Authors: Zhu Xuefei , Gao Congwen , Peng Bin , Xue Jingwei , Xia Donghui , Yang Liu , Zhang Jiexiang , Gao Xinrui , Hu Yilin , Lin Shixian , Gong Peng , Xu Xingzhi
Published: December 2024

ATR signaling is essential in sensing and responding to the replication stress; as such, any defects can impair cellular function and survival. ATR itself is activated via tightly regulated mechanisms. Here, we identify FOXP1, a forkhead-box-containing transcription factor, as a regulator coordinating ATR activation. We show that, unlike its role as a transcription factor, FOXP1 functions as a scaffold and directly binds to RPA–ssDNA and ATR–ATRIP complexes, facilitating the recruitment and activation of ATR. This process is regulated by FOXP1 O-GlcNAcylation, which represses its interaction with ATR, while CHK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXP1 inhibits its O-GlcNAcylation upon replication stress. Supporting the physiological relevance of this loop, we find pathogenic FOXP1 mutants identified in various tumor tissues with compromised ATR activation and stalled replication fork stability. We thus conclude that FOXP1 may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic target in related tumors.
Extrinsic and intrinsic factors for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on heterogeneous metal electrocatalysts
Authors: Birhanu Mulatu Kassie , Ünveroğlu Abdioglu Begüm , Uçar Ahmet
Published: December 2024

The extrinsic and intrinsic factors having a crucial impact on efficient and selective electrochemical CO2 reduction have been reviewed and discussed in this review.
Phosphaguanidinate yttrium carbene, carbyne and carbide complexes: three distinct C1 functionalities
Authors: Jiang Wen , Zhang Lixin
Published: December 2024

In this study, the phosphaguanidinate trinuclear homometallic yttrium carbene complex and binuclear heterobimetallic Y/Al carbyne and carbide complexes were isolated via stoichiometric reactions of the yttrium bis(aminobenzyl) complex with AlMe3.
Evaluation of dipole moment of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane compounds
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: December 2024

This is the first time that the dipole moment of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has been evaluated using actual electrochemical measurements.
Impact of chickpea aquafaba-based emulsion on the physicochemical, nutritional, rheological and structural characteristics of little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth.) flour cake
Authors: Madhavi Bijjam , Asaithambi Niveditha , Kumar Alok , Maiti Pralay , Chandra Rai Dinesh , Duary Raj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Protocol, ingredients and measuring parameters for formulation of little millet flour cake consisting chickpea aquafaba emulsion addressing current food consumption pattern of consumers with a strong desire for vegan, gluten-free, and healthy diets.
Analysis of Pb(ii) in wheat grain, cow urine and squid samples using modified novel TSDB incorporated MWCNTs
Authors: Gayathri Jayagopi , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Sangeetha Selvan Kumar
Published: December 2024

To fabricate a selective lead (Pb(ii)) ion sensor, a slurry of the synthesized N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetrasalicylidene-3,3′-diaminobenzidine (TSDB) ligand was deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/paraffin graphite electrode (PGE).
Carbon nanotube growth catalyzed by metal nanoparticles formed via the seed effect of metal clusters
Authors: Moriai Tatsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Fukuhara Kaori , Imaoka Takane , Kambe Tetsuya , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grow with a controlled diameter via the ‘seed method’ in which in situ-prepared nanoparticles, using metal clusters as seeds, catalytically decompose syngas and realize CNT growth.
Platelet backpacking nanoparticles based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles enhanced photothermal-immune anti-tumor therapy
Authors: He Jiao , Li Jiayu , Li Min , He Zhidi , Ye Yunxia , Li Jiaxin , Rao Jingdong , Zhao Xin , Li Man , He Qin
Published: December 2024

IR780-SLN@O–P nanoparticles, delivered to the tumor site by platelet “backpacking”, subsequently act in concert with photothermal therapy and immunotherapy to effectively suppress tumor growth.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated delivery of full length dystrophin gene as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kotharkar Pooja , Talukdar Indrani , Ramanan Sutapa Roy , Ramesh Keerthi , Shastry Arun , Kowshik Meenal
Published: December 2024

Transfection of the mCherry tagged full length dystrophin plasmid (18.8 kb) using in-house synthesized R-HAp nanoparticles in mouse C2C12 cells, human skeletal muscle cells (hSKM) cells and DMD patient derived cells was accomplished.
Bioactive compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. leaves: potential health benefits
Authors: Li Rongrong , Shi Gaohui , Liu Yue , Lin Xinxin , Gao Pinyi , Wang Fang , Zhou Liqing , Li Lingzhi
Published: December 2024

The leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., a medicinal plant and a source of brewed tea, are often overlooked as a byproduct of fruit consumption.
Dual back interface engineering optimized charge carrier dynamics in Sb2(S,Se)3 photocathodes for efficient solar hydrogen production
Authors: Aziz Hafiz Sartaj , Imran Tahir , Ahmad Munir , Chen Guo-Jie , Luo Ping , Ren Dong-Lou , Zou Bing-Suo , Hu Ju-Guang , Su Zheng-Hua , Yan Pei-Guang , Liang Guang-Xing , Chen Shuo
Published: December 2024

A dual back interface engineering strategy with a MoO2 underlayer and Au transport channel enhances charge carrier dynamics in the Mo/MoO2/Au/Sb2(S,Se)3/CdS/TiO2/Pt photocathodes, achieving 32.60 mA cm−2 photocurrent and 3.58% HC-STH efficiency.
Halogenation-induced C–N bond activation enables the synthesis of 1,2-cis C-aryl furanosides via deaminative cyclization
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Wu Jiawei , Jiang Kaiyu , Zhou Maochao , He Gang
Published: December 2024

A streamlined approach for the selective synthesis of 1,2-cis C-aryl furanosides from unprotected aldoses in two steps.
Efficient cascade conversion of glucose to levulinic acid using a dual-functional UiO-66 catalyst
Authors: Boonmark Sininat , Ponchai Panyapat , Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Saothayanun Taya , Inchongkol Yollada , Phongsuk Natchaya , Bureekaew Sareeya
Published: December 2024

Acid-treated UiO-66, imparting both Lewis and Brønsted acidity, efficiently converts naturally abundant glucose into levulinic acid.
Nanoscale scintillating materials for X-ray imaging: fundamentals and applications
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Yu Xujiang , Li Wanwan
Published: December 2024

This review focuses on the recent progress of nano-scintillators (NSs) from fundamental theory, material properties, structural engineering to practical application, aiming to promote the innovative research of NSs in X-ray imaging.
Two‐stage video anomaly detection based on dual‐stream networks and multi‐instance learning
Authors: Zhang Dejun , Fang Wenbo , Liu Yuhang , Lyu Zirong , Xiong Chen , Wang Zhan
Published: December 2024

To promptly detect abnormal events in surveillance videos, this article designs a video anomaly detection method based on multiple instance learning. Generally, abnormal events occur less frequently compared to normal events. Traditional video surveillance relies on manual operation to monitor scenes and detect abnormal events by watching surveillance videos. However, watching surveillance footage is a labor‐intensive task, and prolonged observation can lead to visual fatigue and lack of concentration, which in turn results in missed detections and false positives [1]. Therefore, it is crucial to develop intelligent algorithms for video anomaly detection. The method can detect whether segments of a video contain abnormal events. First, the I3D network is used as a feature extractor to capture spatiotemporal features from the input video. Then, the spatiotemporal information is processed and input into a segment‐level anomaly detector based on multiple instance learning for detection. The authors treat abnormal videos as positive bags and normal videos as negative bags, and automatically learn a deep anomaly ranking model that can predict abnormal segments. Finally, the results of the training were tested and analyzed, demonstrating that the model is capable of detecting abnormal traffic segments.
Gas dynamics in an AGN-host galaxy at z ≃ 2.6: Regular rotation, noncircular motions, and mass models
Authors: Lin Lingrui , Lelli Federico , De Breuck Carlos , Man Allison , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Santini Paola , Marasco Antonino , Castellano Marco , Nesvadba Nicole , Bisbas Thomas G. , Huang Hao-Tse , Lehnert Matthew
Published: December 2024

The gas dynamics of galaxies provide critical insights into the evolution of both baryons and dark matter (DM) across cosmic time. In this context, galaxies at cosmic noon, that is, in the period characterized by the most intense star formation and black hole activities, are particularly significant. We present an analysis of the gas dynamics of PKS 0529–549. This galaxy lies at z ≃ 2.6 and hosts a radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN). We used new ALMA observations of the [C I] (2−1) line at a spatial resolution of 0.18″ (∼1.5 kpc). We found that (1) the molecular gas forms a rotation-supported disk with Vrot/σv = 6 ± 3 and displays a flat rotation curve out to 3.3 kpc; (2) there are several noncircular components, including a kinematically anomalous structure near the galaxy center, a gas tail to the southwest, and possibly a second weaker tail to the east; and finally, (3) the dynamical estimates of the gas and stellar masses from fitting the rotation curve are inconsistent with photometric estimates made using standard gas conversion factors and stellar population models, respectively. These discrepancies may be due to systematic uncertainties in the photometric masses or in the dynamical masses, or they might be caused by a more massive radio-loud AGN-host galaxy that is hidden behind the gas-rich [C I] emitting starburst galaxy along the line of sight. Our work shows that in-depth investigations of 3D line cubes are crucial for revealing the complexity of gas dynamics in high-z galaxies, in which regular rotation may coexist with noncircular motions and possibly tidal structures.
Solar shape variations across cycles 24 and 25: Observations from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Meftah M. , Mecheri R.
Published: December 2024

The longest continuous time-series of solar oblateness measurements, initiated in 2010 and still ongoing, has been obtained from data collected by the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Based on HMI data, we developed two methods for determining the solar oblateness at 617.33 nm in the continuum. The first method involves determining solar oblateness using HMI solar disk images and limb observations from twenty-three SDO satellite roll calibration maneuvers between 2010 and 2023. Through meticulous analysis of these observation sequences, we obtained a precise measurement of solar oblateness using this technique, yielding a value of 9.02 (±0.72) × 10−6 (6.28 ± 0.50 kilometers), unaffected by brightness contamination from sunspots and magnetically induced excess emission. We also verified the polarization independence of light, showing consistent HMI solar oblateness measurements across Stokes states. Interestingly, our solar oblateness time-series, based on HMI solar disk images and limb observations, seems to be in anti-phase with solar activity. The second method we used relies on determining solar oblateness from HMI helioseismic inference of internal rotation. With this approach, we obtained a solar oblateness of 8.40 (±0.02) × 10−6 (5.85 ± 0.01 kilometers) with a variation in phase with solar activity (0.05 × 10−6 (0.04 kilometers at 1σ) over an 11–year sunspot cycle). This outcome is troubling as it conflicts with our results obtained from the HMI solar limb observations.
Magnetic seed generation by plasma heat flux in accretion disks
Authors: Villarroel-Sepúlveda N. , Asenjo F. A. , Moya P. S.
Published: December 2024

Context. Magnetic batteries are potential sources that may drive the generation of a seed magnetic field, even if this field is initially zero. These batteries can be the result of nonaligned thermodynamic gradients in plasmas, as well as of special and general-relativistic effects. So far, magnetic batteries have only been studied in ideal magnetized fluids.

Aims. We studied the nonideal fluid effects introduced by the energy flux in the vortical dynamics of a magnetized plasma in curved space-time. We propose a novel mechanism for generating a heat-flux-driven magnetic seed within a simple accretion disk model around a Schwarzschild black hole.

Methods. We used the 3 + 1 formalism for the splitting of the space-time metric into space-like and time-like components. We studied the vortical dynamics of a magnetized fluid with a heat flux in the Schwarzschild geometry in which thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities are only dependent on the radial coordinate. Assuming that the magnetic field is initially zero, we estimated the linear time evolution of the magnetic field due to the inclusion of nonideal fluid effects.

Results. When the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities vary only radially, the effect of the coupling between the heat flux, the space-time curvature, and the fluid velocity acts as the primary driver for an initial linearly time-growing magnetic field. The plasma heat flux completely dominates the magnetic field generation at a specific distance from the black hole, where the fluid vorticity vanishes. This distance depends on the thermodynamical properties of the Keplerian plasma accretion disk. These properties control the strength of the nonideal effects in the generation of seed magnetic fields.

Conclusions. We find that heat flux is the main driver of a seed magnetic field in black hole accretion disks if the geometry, plasma dynamics, and thermodynamics share the same axial symmetry. This suggests that nonideal fluid effects may play a major role in the magnetization of astrophysical plasmas.
What is the effectiveness of chitosan in promoting the healing of tooth extraction sockets? A systematic review
Authors: Fayyad Asawer Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This review aimed to determine the efficacy of chitosan in hemostasis and wound healing and its effectiveness in reducing pain and inflammation in the extraction socket compared to the control group without chitosan. Methods: This review was performed through an electronic data search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs. A total of 4 randomized clinical trial studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results: All evaluated studies showed that chitosan significantly improved wound healing of extraction sockets and lead to significant acceleration in the time of hemostasis (p >.001) (p = 0.0278). 70% of evaluated studies found that chitosan significantly reduced postoperative pain (p = 0.0001) (p = 0.002), and 65% showed that chitosan reduced postoperative inflammation. Conclusion: According to the evaluated studies, chitosan was effective in promoting socket healing, as there was a significant difference between the chitosan group and the control group, with substantial improvement in wound healing and hemostasis.
Online-Zugang zu klinischen Behandlungsnotizen für ambulant versorgte Patienten (Studienprotokoll zur OpenNOTES-Studie)
Authors: Wurster Florian , Meier-Diedrich Eva , Demirer Ibrahim , DesRoches Catherine , Goldberg Nina , Hägglund Maria , Herrmann Christin , Karbach Ute , Purohit Anne , Schrader Thomas , Schwarz Julian
Published: December 2024

Der Artikel präsentiert die vom Innovationsausschuss beim Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss geförderte OpenNOTES-Studie. Im Rahmen der Studie wird die Möglichkeit einer patientenseitigen, digitalen Einsicht in die klinischen Behandlungsnotizen ihrer Gesundheitsdienstleister (Open Notes) untersucht. Während international positive Effekte von Open Notes auf das Patienten-Empowerment und die Behandlungsergebnisse nachgewiesen werden konnten, fehlen für den deutschen Versorgungskontext entsprechende Wirksamkeitsnachweise. Die quasi-experimentelle Studie kombiniert daher quantitative und qualitative Methoden, um den Einfluss von Open Notes auf patientenberichtete Outcomes wie das Patienten-Empowerment zu bewerten. Zudem werden organisatorische, technische und rechtliche Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen untersucht, um Open Notes in die Regelversorgung zu implementieren und mittels des Einsatzes von Künstlicher Intelligenz die Patientenorientierung zu optimieren und personelle Ressourcen zu schonen.
Lattice heat capacity and thermal vibrations of rare-gas crystals
Authors: Zarochentsev E. V. , Tolpygo K. B. , Troitskaya E. P.
Published: December 2024

The lattice heat capacity Cν the mean-square displacement ⟨u2⟩, and the Lindemann parameter are calculated for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe by using the lattice dynamics model of rare-gas crystals1 in the harmonic approximation. A fairly good description of Cν of the Debye temperature, and of the zero-point energy indicates a high accuracy of reproducing theoretically the elastic constants and phonon frequencies in the entire Brillouin zone. The insignificant excess (∼ 3%) of the calculated Cν(T) over the experimental value and the smallness of the Lindemann parameter imply a small role of anharmonicities at high temperatures. The Lindemann parameter is 0.106±0.002 for Ar, Kr, and Xe, and is somewhat higher for Ne. The role of zero-point oscillations in the thermodynamics of these crystals is analyzed, particularly concerning the Lindemann melting criterion.
Features of microcontact spectra of Cu–Zn heterocontacts
Authors: Batrak A. G. , Yanson I. K.
Published: December 2024

The intensity of the partial components of a heterocontact spectrum is found to depend on the resistance R0 of the heterocontact. This dependence is explained by the different contributions of the electrodes (Cu and Zn single crystals) of the heterocontact to the effective volume of phonon generation. The energy range above ℏωmax, where ωmax is the spectrum edge, is also studied.
X-ray study of the crystalline structure of the low temperature phase of CD4
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , Isakina A. P.
Published: December 2024

Using Bragg reflection intensitites and theoretical calculations it is shown that the 32-molecule tetragonal cell of deuteromethane possesses p4¯m2 symmetry. Changes in the orientation structure of CD4 upon transition from the medium-to the low-temperature phase are discussed.
Synthesis and lubrication properties of hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres
Authors: Du Kai , Wei Ronghui
Published: December 2024

Hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres were prepared by sulfidation reaction using MoO3 nanospheres as precursors in a reducing atmosphere. The composition and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The formation mechanism was further studied. The results showed that smaller sized MoO3 nanospheres (synthesized from 0.05 mol of ammonium molybdate) could transform into hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres under heat treatment conditions at 850 °C for 6 h. Furthermore, we evaluated the lubrication performance of hollow IF-MoS2 nanospheres. Comparative analysis with pure oil revealed that the mixed oil, with the addition of 2 wt. % IF-MoS2, exhibited a reduced friction coefficient ranging from 0.0194 to 0.0197.
The electrical property modulation of insulator in metal–insulator–semiconductor–metal
Authors: Du Bingfeng , Xia Yidong
Published: December 2024

The application of a material is determined by the energy barrier for charge transport between the insulator and semiconductor. For instance, a thin-film transistor (TFT) requires a large energy barrier to prohibit charge transport across the insulator–semiconductor interface, i.e., the insulator is at charge block status. Besides, there have been reports of cases where charge transport occurs across this interface, indicating the presence of a small energy barrier and suggesting that the insulator is in a charge transport state. However, the energy barrier is fixed once the device is fabricated. It is challenging to conceive that the same materials can simultaneously function as both charge transporters and blockers at the insulator–semiconductor interface, which limits its functional extension. In this study, we present and implement a mechanism for modulating the energy barrier at the insulator–semiconductor interface using parallel connections of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) with metal–insulator–semiconductor–metal (MISM) structures, namely the MIM/MISM structure. The charge transport and charge block functions are achieved even with the same oxide SiO2 and semiconductor InGaZnO4. Furthermore, we demonstrate electrical property transitions from charge transport to block states in one MIM/MISM device. We discuss how such transitions impact TFTs’ electrical properties and show that they can be utilized to enhance surface potential increments in TFTs. As a result, we achieve a subthreshold swing value of 51 mV/decade, breaking free from Boltzmann tyranny.
Trajectory planning of seven-degree-of-freedom redundant manipulator in narrow space
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Yangfan , Zhang Yingjie
Published: December 2024

Traditional six-degree-of-freedom manipulators struggle with obstacle avoidance and smooth target point arrival. This paper focuses on trajectory planning for a seven-degree-of-freedom redundant manipulator, introducing a trajectory optimization algorithm based on improved RRT* (I-RRT*) and cubic spline smoothing. The I-RRT* algorithm addresses the randomness in search tree expansion and enhances target orientation through an adaptive growth strategy and mixed sampling. In the experimental section, the I-RRT* method is compared to APF-RRT*, APF-RRT, RRT*, and RRT algorithms. Results demonstrate that I-RRT* outperforms these methods in path length, time efficiency, and overall optimization. In addition, the manipulator’s ability to safely and successfully reach target points in narrow spaces is confirmed. Overall, this study enhances the trajectory planning capabilities of seven-degree-of-freedom redundant manipulators in hazardous environments, enabling flexible navigation, effective obstacle avoidance, and precise target arrival.
First-principles study of the electronic structure, Z2 invariant, and quantum oscillation in the kagome material CsV3Sb5
Authors: Bhandari Shalika R. , Zeeshan Mohd , Gusain Vivek , Shrestha Keshav , Rai D. P.
Published: December 2024

This work presents a detailed study of the electronic structure, phonon dispersion, Z2 invariant calculation, and Fermi surface of the newly discovered kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, using density functional theory. The phonon dispersion in the pristine state reveals two negative modes at the M and L points of the Brillouin zone, indicating lattice instability. CsV3Sb5 transitions into a structurally stable 2 × 2 × 1 charge density wave (CDW) phase, confirmed by positive phonon modes. The electronic band structure shows several Dirac points near the Fermi level, with a narrow gap opening due to spin–orbit coupling (SOC), although the effect of SOC on other bands is minimal. In the pristine phase, this material exhibits a quasi-2D cylindrical Fermi surface, which undergoes reconstruction in the CDW phase. We calculated quantum oscillation frequencies using Onsager’s relation, finding good agreement with experimental results in the CDW phase. To explore the topological properties of CsV3Sb5, we computed the Z2 invariant in both pristine and CDW phases, resulting in a value of (ν0; ν1ν2ν3) = (1; 000), suggesting the strong topological nature of this material. Our detailed analysis of phonon dispersion, electronic bands, Fermi surface mapping, and Z2 invariant provides insights into the topological properties, CDW order, and unconventional superconductivity in AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs).
Numerical study of the fuel rod melting and molten material migration behavior using the MPS method
Authors: Li Yonglin , Li Sufen , Cai Xingfu , Huo Yonggang
Published: December 2024

The catastrophic consequences of nuclear reactor core meltdowns necessitate a comprehensive understanding of fuel rod behavior during severe accidents. This study employs the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method to simulate fuel rod melting and molten material migration, capturing complex phenomena such as phase changes, chemical reactions, and fluid dynamics. The developed MPS code integrates models for heat transfer, eutectic reactions, and surface tension, allowing for detailed three-dimensional simulations. Validation of the code is achieved through comparisons with analytical solutions and experimental data from the FROMA experiments. Simulations of Al–Zn substitute material rods show accurate temperature responses and phase transitions, highlighting the impact of radiation heat transfer and molten pool depth on melting behavior. Additional simulations of a single rod and a 2 × 2 rod bundle in a pressurized water reactor under extreme conditions reveal the significant role of atomic diffusion. Mass transfer between the cladding and fuel pellet expands the melting area and facilitates the formation of low-melting-point substances. The high-temperature behavior of the rod bundle demonstrates characteristic patterns, including the downward migration of molten zirconium and the dissolution of unmelted cladding. Analysis of molten UO2 migration within the rod bundle channel illustrates the influence of initial temperature and volume on migration dynamics and Zr cladding dissolution rates. This study offers valuable insights into understanding and mitigating the risks associated with core meltdowns, thereby enhancing nuclear reactor safety.
Optical and electrical transport properties of α-Ga2O3 thin films with electrical compensation of Sn impurities
Authors: Cao Wentian , Qin Xiaoqi , Wang Shuyun
Published: December 2024

Polycrystalline α-Ga2O3 thin films containing secondary phase SnO were grown on BaF2 substrates by magnetron sputtering. The impurity tin concentration, electron concentration, and room temperature mobility of the α-Ga2O3 films are 4.5 × 1020 cm−3, 1.5 × 1015 cm−3, and 26.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and Hall effect experiments. The mobility vs temperature dependence confirms that the electrons are mainly subject to polar optical phonon scattering and ionized impurity scattering in the temperature range of 160–400 K. Two ionization energies, 29 and 71 meV, were determined for different temperature ranges by logarithmic resistivity vs the reciprocal of temperature, where the former is the shallow donor SnGa formed by the incorporation of tin into gallium sites. The latter is the shallow acceptor VSn–H associated with secondary phase SnO, and it is the electrical compensation of this shallow acceptor that results in the very low carrier concentration of α-Ga2O3 films. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits 280 and 320 nm UV radiation, where 280 nm is due to the radiation recombination of electrons trapped by the deep donor state (EC−1.1 eV) with holes trapped by the VSn–H complex. In addition, there are several narrow radiation peaks in the visible region, and the energy levels involved in the radiation transitions are determined one by one after excluding the effects of interference and diffraction.
One Pot Synthesis of Cubic Gauche Polymeric Nitrogen
Authors: Chen 陈 Runteng 润滕 , Zhang 张 Jun 俊 , Wang 王 Zelong 泽龙 , Lu 卢 Ke 可 , Peng 彭 Yi 毅 , Zhao 赵 Jianfa 建发 , Feng 冯 Shaomin 少敏 , Jin 靳 Changqing 常青
Published: December 2024

The long sought cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen (cg-N) consisting of N-N single bonds has been synthesized by one pot route using sodium azide as a precursor at ambient conditions. The recrystallization process was designed to expose crystal faces with low activation energy that facilitates initiating the polymeric reaction at ambient conditions. The azide was considered as a precursor due to the low energy barrier in transforming double bonded N=N to single bonded cg-N. Raman spectrum measurements detected the emerging vibron peaks at 635 cm−1 for the polymerized sodium azide samples, demonstrating the formation of cg-N with N-N single bonds. Different from traditional high-pressure technique and recently developed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, the route achieves the quantitative synthesis of cg-N at ambient conditions. The one pot synthesis of cg-N offers potential for further scaling up production as well as practical applications of polymeric nitrogen based materials as high energy density materials.