bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of End Stage Kidney Disease in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in District Swat, Khyber Pukhtonkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Fawad , Khan Asad ullah , Fazal Adnan
Published: August 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10–15% of the population worldwide and its prevalence is increasing.

Objective: To find the frequency of common diseases causing chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in dialysis dependent patients in District Swat, Khyber Pukhtonkhwa.

Methodology: Cross sectional study at Department of Nephrology Nawaz Sharif Kidney Hospital, District Swat, Khyber Pukhtonkhwa, Pakistan.

Results: Total of 110 patients were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. There were 53(48.2%) male and mean age was 54.40+ 16.32 years. Among 110 patients, only 9 (8.2%) had dialysis once per week and 101(91.8%) had dialysis twice per week hemodialysis. Majority, 64(58.2%) patients were undergoing dialysis less than one year. 6(5.5 %) had hypertension, 33(30%) had diabetes and 68(61.8%) patients had both Diabetes and Hypertension. Out of 110, 39(35.5%) patients were Hepatitis B positive, and 28(25.5%) patients had Hepatitis C.

Conclusion:

 Results of this study showed that the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among dialysis patients was diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension and a high prevalence of both HBV and HCV.
Renal Transplant Pathology Series-IV: Category 3-Borderline Changes
Authors: Mubarak Muhammed
Published: August 2021

Not applicable
Pre Eclampsia: Its contribution to Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury. A tertiary care nephrology unit experience
Authors: Naqvi Rubina
Published: August 2021

Preeclampsia, eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia (HELLP) are among many other conditions of pregnancy related AKI (PR-AKI). Present study aims to report case series of patients with PR-AKI developing in association with preeclampsia, their course of illness and outcome.

Patients and Methods:  Subjects for the study reported here comprise a cohort of 227 women coming to this institution with diagnosis of preeclampsia and AKI. Results: From January 1990 to December 2014, there were 1,441 women with PR-AKI brought to this institution among these 227 (15.75%) fulfilled the criteria of preeclampsia.  On presentation 93.4% were oligo-anuric, thrombocytopenia was found in 48%, deranged INR in 18.9% and raised liver enzymes in 33.5%. On arrival 22% were in sepsis, mechanical ventilator support required in 11%. Impaired Glasgow coma scale noticed in 22%. Intra uterine death of fetus was reported in 75%. Antepartum hemorrhage in 38% and post partum hemorrhage in 32%.  Renal replacement therapy in form of hemodialysis was conducted in 94.7%. Complete recovery seen in 25%, partial recovery in 31%, CKD developed in 4.4%, ESRF in 27.3% and 12 % died during acute phase of illness.  Sepsis, multi-organ failure and requirement of mechanical ventilatory support on arrival were significant predictors of mortality with p value <0.001.

Conclusion: Preeclampsia and its progress to eclampsia can be a severe life-threatening condition especially when patients present with sepsis and multi organ failure. A significant number of women developed irreversible AKI  and progessed to CKD.
AL-QUR’AN MENJAWAB TANTANGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Attamimi Munif Mahadi , Hariyadi Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The conclusion of this study explains the nature of human dignity inherent in it from birth and its chronological process. The Al-Qur'an explains in detail and sequentially that the glorification of human dignity occurs in several phases. The first is before his existence on earth (unseen world): when Allah wants to make a human caliph (ruler) on earth, he orders the angels to prostrate to Adam as a respect, excellence, exaltation and knowledge are taught as a whole. Second, when in the womb where the fetus is well cared for and is well cared for by getting nutritious food through the placenta. Third, when he is in the world, he is given a perfect body shape, makes it easy for him to control the land and sea, is given the right to manage the world and everything in it, is given good sustenance, and is honored by other creations of Allah SWT. Fourth, be glorified at the time of death, at funerals, and after death. To maintain and protect the dignity of human beings, Allah has prepared three important components for humans as a basis for protecting human rights (HAM), namely faith, law, and morals. The method used in interpretation related to this research is the thematic method or maudui 'which is combined with qualitative methods as a basis for library research, Al-Qur'an verses, hadith syarif, journals, articles, seminars, and conference proceedings.
Productivity Responses of Buckwheat IPR 91 Baili to Different Doses of NPK in Brazil
Authors: Avila Giovani Mansani de Araujo , Gabardo Gislaine , Silva Henrique Luis da , Clock Djalma Cesar
Published: August 2021

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a prominent crop in today’s agriculture. However, information about its behavior at different doses of NPK fertilization is scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the ideal fertilizer dose for the buckwheat cultivar IPR 91 Baili by establishing the dose-response curve. Two experiments were carried out (greenhouse and in the field). The treatments consisted of different doses of NPK (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1). After the crop cycle, productivity was obtained. There was a statistical difference between the treatments and the control, in both experiments. The lowest yields were obtained in the controls, 2,301.156 and 2,262.500 kg ha-1, and the highest 4,052.023 and 4,027.778 kg ha-1 at the dose of 500 kg ha-1, in the greenhouse and in the field, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the NPK doses for the yield obtained. The rural producer must use the lowest dose (100 kg ha-1). Future experiments are needed to evaluate the culture response to doses below 100 kg ha-1.
Realized Multi-Power Variation Process for Jump Detection in the Nigerian All Share Index
Authors: Adeosun Mabel , Ugbebor Olabisi
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we studied the particular cases of higher-order realized multipower variation process, their asymptotic properties comprising the probability limits and limit distributions were highlighted. The respective asymptotic variances of the limit distributions were obtained and jump detection models were developed from the asymptotic results. The models were obtained from the particular cases of the higher-order of the realized multipower variation process, in a class of continuous stochastic volatility semimartingale process. These are extensions of the method of jump detection by Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (2006), for large discrete data. An Empirical Application of the models to the Nigerian All Share Index (NASI) data shows that the models are robust to jumps and suggest that stochastic models with added jump components will give a better representation of the NASI price process.
Characterization of Mixed Urinary Stone Compositions with Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Vivo Compared to Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Meng Xianghu , Sun Xueying , Cong Rong , Qi Liang , Wang Zengjun , Song Rijin
Published: August 2021

Background: Most previous studies have demonstrated the possibility of using dual-source dual-energy computed tomography (DSDECT) to distinguish pure stones with high accuracy. While stones are usually composed of a mixture of substances, very few studies have focused on these stone compositions. Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DSDECT in predicting the composition of mixed urinary calculi in vivo compared to the postoperative infrared spectroscopy (IRS) for stone analysis. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively included 111 patients with 117 mixed urinary stones, detected by IRS, who underwent DSDECT between June 2018 and March 2020. Patients diagnosed with urolithiasis were examined by DSDECT preoperatively. The final stone composition was detected by IRS in vitro postoperatively. Also, the stone composition predicted by DSDECT was compared to the IRS results, known as the reference standard. Results: According to the results of IRS, 117 mixed urinary calculi, composed of a main constituent and minor admixtures, were divided into four groups: calcium oxalate (CaOx)-hydroxyapatite (HA) (n = 70); HA-CaOx (n = 36); uric acid (UA)-CaOx (n = 8); and cystine (CYS)-HA (n = 3). The accuracy of DSDECT in predicting different components of mixed urinary stones was 68.4%, 64.1%, 97.4%, and 97.5% for the CaOx-HA, HA-CaOx, UA-CaOx, and CYS-HA stones, respectively. The imaging characteristics of different mixed urinary stones, as shown by DSDECT, revealed that the CaOx-HA ratio value was lower than that of HA-CaOx (1.59 ± 0.11 vs. 1.66 ± 0.22; P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the computed tomography (CT) values of CaOx-HA under 150 kV were higher than those of HA-CaOx (915.41 ± 226.84 vs .799.56 ± 252.01; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although DSDECT has a relatively low accuracy for predicting the components of CaOx-HA and HA-CaOx in vivo, its combination with the measured ratio and CT values may help differentiate these stones.
Response of Inflammatory Biomarkers to 10 Weeks of Aerobic Resistance Training in Inactive Postmenopausal Women with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver
Authors: Norouzpour Masoumeh , Marandi Sayed Mohammad , Ghanbarzadeh Mohsen , Zare Maivan Abbasali
Published: August 2021

Background: Research evidence shows that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to inflammation. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the response of inflammatory biomarkers to 10 weeks of aerobic resistance exercise in inactive postmenopausal women with NAFLD. Methods: In this purposeful quasi-experimental study, conducted in Mahshahr, Iran, in 2019, 24 inactive women aged 50 - 68 years who were diagnosed with fatty liver disease by ultrasound were randomly divided into training or control groups. The training group performed aerobic resistance training for 10 weeks using treadmills and bodybuilding machines. At the beginning and end of the study, serum interleukin 18 (IL18), interleukin 10 (IL10), and other blood parameters were measured, and the subjects underwent liver ultrasound and anthropometric evaluations. Results: The results of intergroup ANCOVA, intragroup paired t-test, and Wilcoxon showed that in response to 10 weeks of training, IL18 levels, anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver enzymes, fasting glucose, triglyceride (TG), and liver fat were significantly decreased and plasma IL10 was significantly increased when compared to baseline results (P < 0.05). Also, the results of the Spearman correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between IL18 and waist circumference (WC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HOMA-IR and a significant negative relationship between IL10 and weight, WC, TG, HOMA-IR, and liver fat (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Ten weeks of aerobic resistance training has a significant effect on reducing serum IL18 and increasing IL10 levels in postmenopausal women with fatty liver and can be effective in improving NAFLD by losing weight, improving body composition, and reducing insulin resistance.
COVID-19 and Online Education in Iran’s Universities of Medical Sciences: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dastani Meisam
Published: August 2021

Context: With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid growth of online education, Iranian universities of medical sciences began to hold online classes for students. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine different aspects of online education in medical universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This narrative review study was to review studies on online education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran’s universities of medical sciences. To this end, the PubMed and Sciencedirect databases as well as the Google Scholar scientific search engine were searched on April 20, 2021 using the following keywords: ‘online education,’ ‘virtual education,’ ‘virtual learning,’ ‘e-learning,’ ‘COVID-19,’ and ‘Iran’. Results: The present findings revealed Navid, Adobe Connect, and SkyRoom platforms as the most popular online teaching tools in Iran’s universities of medical sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main challenges in online education in Iranian universities of medical sciences was students’ non-equal accessibility to appropriate hardware, software, and communication tools, students and professors’ insufficient knowledge and unfamiliarity with information technology tools and e-learning, lack of proper interactions between professors and students, and the lack of a suitable platform for practical clinical training and internships. Conclusions: Educational simulation systems and online education support systems are useful in teaching clinical, practical, and internship courses to students and promoting interactions between teachers and students.
Assessment of Health System Functions in Earthquake-stricken Regions in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Safarpour Hamid , Dehghani Arezoo , Bahramzadeh Amirhosein , Rouhi Narges
Published: August 2021

Background: The occurrence of an earthquake in Kermanshah province in 2017 leads to death and injury of its inhabitants. Assessment of the health system functions can lead to the provision of the necessary healthcare services for the affected population post-disasters. The present study is aimed to assess the health system functions after the Kermanshah earthquake. Objectives: Assessment of health system functions in the reproductive, pediatric, and environmental health dimensions in the affected regions of Kermanshah were the research objectives. Methods: This mixed methods study was conducted in the two phases of developing a tool and assessment of the main health system functions. Content validity and reliability were measured by CVR and CVI, and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Assessment of health system functions was conducted by the participation of 100 affected households. Results: Firstly, the primary tool was designed using 31 primary items extracted from literature review and a qualitative study. CVR and CVI of the tool were 100%, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.97. The coverage of the reproductive, environmental, and children’s health services ranged from 90 to 100% since the first day to one year after the earthquake and between 30 and 60% from one year to two years post-earthquake. Conclusions: The assessment of health system performance can provide the necessary data for effective decision making and promoting health system functions. Further research is needed to assess the functions of the health system after other natural disasters rather than earthquakes.
Confrontation and Responsiveness
Authors: Nelson Eric ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: August 2021

Heidegger’s critique of ethics has been interpreted as an abolition of the ethical that nihilistically precludes the possibility of ethics. Yet Heidegger questioned ethics as systematizing discourses about hierarchies of values, prescriptions, norms, and axioms cut off from their worldly and factical contexts. I argue that this questioning of rule-based ethics does not necessarily entail a denial of the ethical, since it has its own ethical preoccupations in the sense of reflection on practical activity (praxis) and the formal indication of how Dasein factically exists. This reading is supported by Heidegger’s later depiction of the ethical as the ethos of an originary dwelling. Further, Heidegger’s practice of thinking indicates and enacts the ethical as confrontation and responsive encounter: (1) even if he did not formulate an ethical system, a universal prescriptive principle, or a moral code; and (2) despite his own undeniable ethical failures. This promising yet underdeveloped ethical dimension is visible both in the style, method, and event of his philosophizing and in his attention to the issue of individuation in the context of the Dasein’s conformity to the power of everydayness and the social. Individuation, a primary issue of Being and Time and other works of the 1920’s, occurs through the attuned comportment and understanding that Dasein each time is, yet as individuation it takes place in being-with others. The identity and difference of human existence is formed in social comportment and understanding—in addressing and being addressed, in the interdependent and interpretive setting apart of encountering and being encountered, in the responsive confrontation, differentiation, and separation of Auseinandersetzung.
Is There No King but Custom?
Authors: Fried Gregory ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: August 2021

Hubert L. Dreyfus’ interpretation of Heidegger’s existential analytic of Dasein results in a communitarian understanding of human sociality, ethics, and politics. My contention is that, despite Dreyfus’ own best intentions for a communal toleration based on an ontological relativism and openness, his reading of social practices as embedded and therefore beyond reason must result in a fundamental division between cultures that cannot be bridged by rational means. According to my own interpretation of Heidegger’s politics, this conclusion is disturbing, because it echoes — albeit unintentionally —Heidegger’s attack on Enlightenment liberalism and his support for a politics of finite situatedness, a politics characterized by polemos, that is, confrontation and the harsh differentiation of one community from another. I contend that Dreyfus’ ontological communitarianism undermines the view that reason in ethics and politics can allow us to transcend our finitude and resolve our differences through a rational process, and that therefore an actual politics based on his principles will end up destroying the very openness he supports. I conclude by suggesting that we need to reconcile reason with finitude in a nuanced dialectic.
The Desire of Dasein
Authors: Hayes Josh ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the significance of Aristotelian desire (orexis) for the onto-genesis of Dasein as care (Sorge). In an early Marburg lecture course devoted to Aristotle, Grundbegriffe der aristotelischen Philosophie, Heidegger claims that Dasein is determined by two fundamental possibilities of movement; flight (phug!) and pursuit (airesis). Both possibilities reflect Aristotle’s exposition of orexis in De Anima and become appropriated by Heidegger to orient the primordial relation of Dasein to its thrown facticity. As the origin of movement in living beings, orexis sufficiently problematizes the ontological caesura separating Dasein from animality.
The Naivety of Philosophy
Authors: McNeill William ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: August 2021

The present paper remains modest in its scope: It seeks only to undertake some exploratory and preparatory investigations with a view to addressing a more difficult and far-reaching question. The issue, in brief, is the following: In the 1920s, Heidegger engages in an incisive and comprehensive critique of techn!, which I shall render here as “production” or “productive comportment,” arguing that it furnishes the foundation and horizon for Greek ontology, and by extension for the entire Western philosophical tradition, a horizon that is problematically reductive because the ontology it gives rise to understands the Being of beings in general in terms of independent presence-at-hand, the appropriate mode of access to which is theoretical apprehension. Not only philosophy and ontology, but science and its outgrowth, modern technicity—itself a monstrous transformation of techn!—would be an almost inexorable consequence of this fateful Greek beginning. The project of a “destructuring of the history of ontology” announced in Being and Time would seek to retrieve and to open up an entirely other dimension of Being, a dimension foreclosed by the Greek beginning and yet awaiting us precisely as the unthought of that beginning and the tradition to which it gave rise. The destructuring would take as its guiding thread an understanding of the Being of Dasein—designating the being that we ourselves in each case are—as radically temporal, never simply present-at-hand, and essentially inaccessible to theoretical apprehension. Yet the critical resource for this analytic of the Being of Dasein was, for the early Heidegger, itself provided by Greek philosophy: It was Aristotle’s insight into the Being of the human being as praxis, and its authentic mode of self-disclosure, phron!sis, that led Heidegger to see the radically different kind of temporality pertaining to human existence, by contrast with the theoretically ascertained time of nature as something present-at-hand, and provided a key insight into the essence of “truth” (aletheia) as unconcealment. Aristotle’s insight into this more primordial sense of aletheia or “truth” as the knowing self-disclosure of our radically temporal Being-in-the-world as praxis, as opposed to truth conceived as a property of logos, judgment, or theoretical knowledge, was a forgotten thread of Greek philosophy that could shed light upon the limits and foundations of the theoretical tradition that dominates the subsequent history of ontology.
Heidegger’s Encounter with Schelling
Authors: Hellmers Ryan ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: August 2021

I provide a close analysis of truth and freedom in Heidegger’s work of the Contributions to Philosophy (Beiträge zur Philosophie). The work of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling is shown to play a decisive role in this key text of Heidegger’s, leading him to an understanding of the self in terms of freedom, community, culture, and history that carries important implications for political philosophy In attempting to uncover a thoughtful and elucidating interpretation of the Beiträge zur Philosophie, one of the most promising portions of Heidegger’s canon to which one can turn for assistance in developing a reading is to the lecture courses of the surrounding period as they provide strong indications of Heidegger’s textual sources of the time, and one of the most often overlooked sources for studying the Beiträge is Heidegger’s 1936 lecture, Schelling’s Treatise on the Essence of Human Freedom..2 William J. Richardson’s work has familiarly encouraged us to think of Heidegger’s thought in two markedly differing periods separated by a turn, a helpful and insightful approach to which Heidegger studies remains indebted, though this story will not entirely be my own preferred take on Heidegger’s work in the present project. These investigations are nonetheless indebted to Richardson in arguing that one can arrive at a better understanding of the relationship between the early and the late material such as to elucidate the Beiträge by drawing on his finding of a Kantian thematic in the early work, an interpretive move which is also well backed by Reiner Schürmann’s work.3 My proposal in this project is that bearing this in mind, the late Heideggerian corpus, particularly the Beiträge, can be understood through the lens of German Idealism and its relationship to a criticism of Kantian thought. By problematizing certain key elements of Heidegger’s late thought that are drawn from F. W. J. Schelling and establishing a hermeneutic between these concepts and Schelling’s writings, I will use a reading of Schelling to help us begin to understand the Beiträge as a somewhat fractured continuation and completion of the study of being that was earlier carried out primarily through an analytic of Dasein. Heidegger imports crucial concepts from Idealism and applies his method of destructive philosophical appropriation to develop his own notions of the history of being, the event of appropriation, and community, revolving around what I argue is a very original appropriation of Schellingian concepts of freedom, ground, and jointure in the Beiträge.
Multiculturalism as a Mediator of Ethnic Identity and National Identity among Javanese Adolescents
Authors: Priwati Acintya Ratna , Putri Adelia Krishna , Puri Valendra Granitha Shandika , Ayuningtya Annisa Ardi , Minza Wenty Marina , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu
Published: August 2021

The development of national identity in a highly multicultural nation begins by identifying oneself to a particular ethnic group and realizing that multiculturalism is the bridge between both identities. This research aims to discover the link between national identity, ethnic identity, and multiculturalism in Indonesia, specifically for Javanese. This study utilized three measurement scales: (1) National Identity Scale to measure national identity; (2) Ethnic Identity Scale to measure the sense of belongingness to the Javanese ethnicity; and (3) Universal Diverse Orientation (UDO), to measure multiculturalism. This study's participants consist of 441 college students in Yogyakarta (male = 115; female = 326), ranging from 17 to 21. The regression analysis result shows that the mediation model supports this research hypothesis, namely that multiculturalism mediates the relationship between ethnic identity and national identity. Therefore, the current finding generates a new conception regarding the related theme.
Farmers' Perception and Engagement with the Role of Middlemen: A Case Study of the Vegetable Farmers
Authors: Sudrajat Jajat , Isytar Ibrahim , Arifin Nur
Published: August 2021

The role of middlemen in rural areas is often controversial, particularly because of the positive or negative roles they play in the farmer livelihood. This study aims to understand the farmers' perception of the role of middlemen in facilitating their farming system and to find out the socioeconomic factors that determine to what degree farmers attach themselves to middlemen. To get this information, we conducted a case study survey of 92 respondents from the subdistrict of Rasau Jaya, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Approximately 95% of the farmers had a positive perception of the role of the middlemen, which was considered important in the farm produce marketing and also the transportation of both fertilizer and crops. Older farmers, farmers with a higher education level, and farmers with more vegetable commodities were less attached to the middleman in the marketing of their agricultural products. These farmers often changed the middleman to get a higher price. Conversely, farmers producing sweet maize and farmers with a higher income level were more attached to a middleman. A high level of engagement with a middleman is one of the farmer strategies to avoid marketing risks.
Social Dominance Orientation in Agrarian Resources Accumulation in Coastal Area Indonesia
Authors: Saharuddin Saharuddin , Falatehan Sriwulan F. , Heriyanti Lesti
Published: August 2021

Intergroup contact influenced the adaptation capacity of Bugis ethnic in the economic system in the destination site. When they become the highest of social-rank than other ethnicities in livelihood strategies by land-accumulation, it becomes important to analyze the working of power from the ethnic-Social Domination Orientation (SDO) theoretical. The role of ethnic-SDO is studied with assessment determination in a sociocultural context in intergroup ethnic inequality. Moreover, decision making in framing becomes challenged to be assessed at the individual level because it is assumed would influence the individual to enhance the hierarchy in the middle of uncertainty outcomes. This study aims: (1) elucidate the structure of ethnic inequality in livelihood strategies by ethnic-SDO in Bugis ethnic; and (2) recognize the role of framing in decision making as influencing factors of ethnic-SDO. This study approach is qualitative, which involves 25 informants. Data showed that ethnic-SDO in Bugis’s economic activities comprised of power that enhancing-hierarchy evolved ethnic inequality by high between-ethnic group inequality (BGI) and within- ethnic group inequality (WGI) in land-accumulation. It is found that the framing of Bugis people regarding skills and attitudes owned by other ethnicities in the decision-making tends to risk-avoid that enhancing-hierarchy in economic activities at an individual level.
Effect of Expressive Writing on the Subjective Well-Being of University Students
Authors: Cayubit Ryan Francis O.
Published: August 2021

The main intent of this research is to test the effectiveness of expressive writing in processing and dealing with inhibited emotions of university students. The use of expressive writing targets the subjective well-being of the subjects, specifically their happiness and life satisfaction. Employing a between-subjects design, a thorough and rigorous psychological experiment was performed on 23 student volunteers where expressive writing was designated as the independent variable and happiness and life satisfaction as dependent variables respectively. Results of the non-parametric analysis showed that after the experimentation, both the happiness and life satisfaction of the subjects improved. Theoretical implications of the study are discussed in this paper.
Age-based Marketing Practices and Young People as Economic Actors in the Mobile Telephony Market in Provincial Vietnam
Authors: Huijsman Roy
Published: August 2021

In this article, I conduct an analysis of age-based marketing strategies employed by network providers and present insights obtained from mobile phone history interviews with young people in provincial Vietnam. From these data I argue that young people are a perpetual demographic market frontier in the commercialized mobile media landscape of Southeast Asia. I indicate how network providers contribute to shaping contemporary childhood and youth with their age-based marketing strategies. However, young people’s navigation of the commercial terrain of competing network providers is not determined by commercial forces solely but is also informed by various non-economic factors. This article finds that an appreciation of young people as consumers in the mobile phone era requires appreciating the powerful influence of network providers as well as the multiple relationships in which their economic decision-making is embedded.
The Roles of Self-esteem in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Adjustment among International Students in Southern Thailand
Authors: Kim Yejin , Dhammasaccakarn Wanchai , Tongsamsi Isara
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this research was to examine the potential mediation effects of self-esteem on the association between international students’ emotional intelligence (EI) and adjustment, as indexed by academic adjustment, social adjustment, and psychological adjustment. Data from 151 international students in southern Thailand were collected. The path analysis indicated that self-esteem fully mediated the relationships between EI and social adjustment and psychological adjustment, whereas self-esteem acted as a partial mediator between EI and academic adjustment. In addition, self-esteem impacted the three outcomes much more strongly than EI. Practical suggestions for enhancing students’ adjustment are addressed and examined. The limitations of the research and suggestions for further studies are also briefly discussed.
Editorial Note: Changes in Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia
Authors: Jaya Edo S.
Published: August 2021

The year 2021 is a time of change. The COVID-19 pandemic is still raging in most parts of the world. The 4.0 industry revolution is still going faster than ever. As changes occur everywhere we are also forced to adapt and change here in Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia. Since the beginning of this year, we have been migrating to a new website based on Digital Commons from BE Press. The process is not yet completed as there are many editions to be migrated and information to be filled in the new website. I am grateful for the support of our publisher, Directorate of Administration, Data, and Management of Research Product and Innovation (DADPPRI UI), for providing this facility. Special thanks are warranted to Hanun Thalia who has provided extra effort to help us migrate and make sure that this edition publishes on time. We are grateful to Early Melati, Nathalia Bella Christiana, and Kai Riantoputra who have aided during this critical period of our journal. But most of all I am grateful to our managing editor Dr. Muhammad Abdan Shadiqi who plays a significant role in pushing through the painful changes that we must make in these turbulent times. I am most thankful to him for this new layout of the journal. I find the design to be modern and more readable. I hope that the readers find that too. On top of that, we are broadening our types of submission. We recognize the importance of review articles in helping policymakers during this pandemic era, and we want our journal to facilitate too. We will now accept review articles in the form of meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and scoping reviews.
Mediating Role of Burnout Between the Job Demands-Control Model and Psychological Well-being in Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqui Hareem , Sharif Faiza , Ahmed Ambreen , Akbar Waqar
Published: August 2021

Integrating the Job Demand-Control model (JDC) with the Conservation of Resource Theory, this study tested the JDC model for the direct and indirect effects of job demands (JD) and control (JC) on the psychological well-being (PWB) of healthcare professionals working in hospitals in Karachi, along with the mediating effects of burnout. The study employed Structural Equation Modelling using SMART PLS for data analysis of a sample of 316 healthcare providers from different hospitals in Karachi. The results supported the direct effects of JD and JC on PWB and the mediating effects of burnout The findings of the study add further empirical evidence to current literature on job stress. The results indicated that healthcare professionals in Pakistan are confronted with a demanding job that causes burnout and ultimately becomes a reason for their decreased PWB. The study also presented various practical implications for different stakeholders. From a sustainability standpoint, this study indicated the need to balance job demands and job control in order to design psychologically healthy jobs.
Voluntary Behavior Modification during a Pandemic: Perceptions and Behaviors toward COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Budianto Firman , Nishikori Yuichi
Published: August 2021

This study examines social measures meant to stop the spread of COVID-19 in Japan, where COVID-19 control relies heavily on the voluntary compliance of citizens. We examine how the government's campaign for controlling COVID-19 is perceived by people, and how these measures influenced people’s attitudes and behavior. This paper specifically discusses how people’s perceptions regarding COVID-19 control measures temper orthodox understandings of behavior modification, such as perceived threats, and how it influences their attitude and behavior. Qualitative data collected from an online open-ended questionnaire was cross-sectionally analyzed. This study argues that high risk perception is actually just one of many triggers of behavior modification. That is, people responsive to risk perception had to match actual hazards to perceived real risk. Furthermore, popular sources of information on COVID-19, like news and social media, were found to substantially influence people’s behavior. In particular, whether campaigns were easy to understand, whether there were societal expectations for people to follow behavior modifications, and whether people thought measures were effective at preventing COVID-19 infection had a strong impact on the adoption of behavior modification. These findings thus fill in lacuna in existing scholarship concerning the rationality behind people’s decision to voluntary adopt behavior modification measures.
Child-Rearing by Imprisoned Women: Sadness, Anxiety, and Feelings of Guilt
Authors: Hani Umi , Setiawan Agus , Fitriyani Poppy
Published: August 2021

The number of imprisoned women continues to increase. Imprisonment of women affects them as perpetrators of crime and those who have relationships with and ties to them, such as children. This phenomenological study aims to explore the experience of imprisoned women in Jakarta in playing the role of mother. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore the experiences of seven imprisoned women. Through a thematic content analysis, we identified specific keywords, the results revealing the sadness, anxiety, and feelings of guilt experienced by imprisoned mothers in relation to their child-rearing. Imprisoned mothers also experience difficulties in meeting their children's needs, together with inadequate child-rearing facilities. The situation experienced by imprisoned women influences their family relationships, which can lead to family crises. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for professional collaboration between judicial institutions, community nurses, academics, and related parties, increasing the attention paid to imprisoned mothers and children affected by maternal incarceration.Abstrak  Pengasuhan Anak oleh Wanita di Penjara: Kesedihan, Kecemasan, dan Perasaan Bersalah. Jumlah wanita yang dipenjara terus mengalami peningkatan. Pemenjaraan bagi perempuan tidak hanya memengaruhi perempuan sebagai pelaku kejahatan, tetapi juga pada subyek yang memiliki hubungan dan ikatan dengan perempuan tersebut, salah satunya adalah anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman wanita yang dipenjara di Jakarta dalam mengasuh anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh wanita yang dipenjara. Melalui analisis konten tematis kata kunci yang ditemukan dalam transkrip wawancara disusun dalam kategori, sub tema, dan tema. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan kesedihan, kecemasan dan perasaan bersalah yang dialami oleh ibu yang dipenjara dalam pengasuhan anak. Para ibu yang dipenjara juga mengalami kesulitan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan anak dan fasilitas pengasuhan anak yang tidak memadai. Situasi yang dialami oleh ibu yang dipenjara memengaruhi hubungan dalam keluarga sehingga menghadapi krisis keluarga. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi untuk kolaborasi profesional antara lembaga peradilan, perawat komunitas, akademisi, dan elemen terkait untuk meningkatkan perhatian bagi ibu dan anak yang dipenjara yang terkena dampak hukuman penjara ibu.  Kata Kunci: pemenjaraan, pengasuhan anak, perawat komunitas, perempuan narapidana
Spiritual Behavior and Stress in Adolescents: An Initial Study
Authors: Tarniyah Sumiyati , Hidayati Laili Nur
Published: August 2021

in spirituality rather than young people. This study aimed to identify the relationship between spiritual behavior and the stress levels of 152 high school students, using a descriptive correlation research design. The data collection techniques involved a spiritual dimension scale questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). The data were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation test. The results show that the spiritual behavior distribution was mostly in the moderate category (53.3%), and stress level distribution was primarily in the normal category (63.8%). The finding also revealed that there was no correlation between spiritual behavior and stress levels in high school students. These results may differ from the previous studies. Although stress in this group showed a normal category, their mental health needs to be considered given the amount of stressors adolescents may face.Abstrak Perilaku Spiritual dan Stres pada Remaja: Studi Awal. Spirituaitas seringkali dikaitkan dengan kesehatan mental, termasuk stres. Kelompok usia tua cenderung banyak terlibat dalam kegiatan spiritual dibanding kelompok usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perilaku spiritual dengan tingkat stres pada 152 siswa sekolah menengah atas, dengan menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi. Teknik pengumpulan data meng-gunakan kuesioner skala dimensi spiritual dan Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). Analisis data meng-gunakan uji korelasi Spearman's rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  perilaku spiritual mereka sebagian besar dalam kategori sedang (53,3%), dan distribusi tingkat stres terutama dalam kategori normal (63,8%). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan tidak ada hubungan antara perilaku spiritual dengan tingkat stres pada remaja. Hasil ini mungkin berbeda dengan banyak penelitian sebelumnya. Meskipun stres pada kelompok ini menunjukkan kategori normal, tetapi kesehatan mental mereka perlu diperhatikan mengingat banyaknya stresor yang mungkin dihadapi remaja. Kata Kunci: perilaku spiritual, remaja, stres
Maternal Factors in Stunting Among Vulnerable Children
Authors: Kiik Stefanus Mendes , Nuwa Muhammad Saleh
Published: August 2021

Children with stunting in Indonesia and other low-middle countries remains a serious problem. This study aimed to identify the association between maternal education, maternal age, maternal height, preceding birth interval, and ANC clinic visits and stunting among vulnerable children in Kupang Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted of two villages in Kupang Regency. The study sample comprised female ex-refugees from Timor Leste who had children aged 24–59 months. The subjects were chosen using consecutive sampling, with a total number of 154. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. There was a significant relationship between maternal education (p = 0.014), maternal height (p = 0.003), preceding birth interval (p = 0.001), ANC clinic visits (p = 0.009) and stunting. In contrast, maternal age showed no significant association (p = 0.611). Further studies are needed to help eradicate stunting by intervening in the reduction of risk factors.Abstrak Faktor-faktor Ibu terkait Stunting pada Anak-Anak yang Rentan. Anak-anak yang mengalami stunting di Indonesia dan negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah masih menjadi masalah serius. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pendidikan ibu, usia ibu, tinggi badan ibu, jarak melahirkan dan kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) dengan stunting pada anak rentan usia 24–59 bulan di Kabupaten Kupang, Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional yang dilakukan di dua desa di Kabupaten Kupang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah para ibu mantan pengungsi Timor Leste yang memiliki anak usia 24–59 bulan. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling, sebanyak 154 responden. Data diperoleh dari sumber primer dan sekunder. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan ibu (p = 0,014), tinggi ibu (p = 0,003), jarak kelahiran (p = 0,001), kunjungan ANC (p = 0,009) dengan stunting. Namun tidak ada hubungan antara usia ibu dengan stunting (p = 0,611). Penelitian selanjutnya  dibutuhkan untuk memberantas stunting melalui intervensi untuk menurunkan faktor risiko. Kata Kunci: anak, antenatal care, ibu, Indonesia, pengungsi, stunting, usia ibu
Hypertension Self-Care Management During COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in the Meranao Tribe: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Sadang Jonaid Mustapha , Macaronsing Sittie Inshirah P. , Macaronsing Sittie Inshirah P. , Alawi Narima M , Alawi Narima M , Taib Normala M , Taib Normala M , Pangandaman Hamdoni K , Pangandaman Hamdoni K
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 crisis has been a challenging and stressful event for individuals with known underlying health problems, not to mention their higher risk of contracting the disease. This phenomenological inquiry was conducted to explore the common self-care practices of the Meranao tribe in the Province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines, concerning their management of hypertension amidst the ongoing pandemic health crisis. This study employed a descriptive-phenomenological approach. Ten known hypertensive adults participated in the study selected using purposive sampling. Data collection employed focus group discussion (FGD) and then analyzed using Colaizzi's approach. Four themes were derived which explained the common practices of the tribe in the self-care management of hypertension amidst the crisis: 1) the use of herbal remedies; 2) compliance with prescribed medications; 3) dietary control; and 4) remaining physically active. Patients’ strict compliance with known scientific self-care practices in managing hypertension forms a multidimensional strategy in controlling, managing, and preventing hypertension and its related complications.Abstrak Studi Fenomenologi tentang Praktik Manajemen Perawatan Diri pada Pasien Hipertensi Saat Pandemi COVID-19. Krisis COVID-19 telah menjadi periode yang menantang dan menegangkan bagi individu dengan riwayat masalah kesehatan, belum lagi risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk menderita penyakit tersebut. Studi fenomenologi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi praktik perawatan diri Suku Meranao di Provinsi Lanao del Sur, Filipina yang berhubungan dengan manajemen hipertensi di tengah krisis kesehatan yang sedang berlangsung. Melalui pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif, sebanyak 10 orang dewasa penderita hipertensi bersedia untuk menjadi partisipan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui focus group discussion (FGD), dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Collaizi. Empat tema diperoleh untuk menjelaskan praktik mereka dalam manajemen perawatan diri hipertensi di  tengah krisis: 1) penggunaan obat herbal; 2) kepatuhan terhadap obat yang diresepkan; 3) kontrol makanan, dan 4) tetap aktif secara fisik. Kepatuhan ketat pasien pada praktik perawatan diri secara ilmiah dalam manajemen hipertensi memainkan strategi multidimensi dalam kontrol, manajemen, dan pencegahan hipertensi serta komplikasi yang terkait. Kata Kunci: Filipina, hipertensi, praktik manajemen perawatan diri, riset kualitatif, suku Meranao