bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resection Post-radioembolization in Patients with Single Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tzedakis Stylianos , Sebai Amine , Jeddou Heithem , Garin Etienne , Rolland Yan , Bourien Heloise , Uguen Thomas , Sulpice Laurent , Robin Fabien , Edeline Julien , Boudjema Karim
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Yttrium-90 Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) to convert to resection initially unresectable, single, large (≥5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Summary Background Data:

TARE can downsize cholangiocarcinoma to resection but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resectability remains debatable.

Methods:

All consecutive patients with a single large HCC treated between 2015 and 2020 in a single tertiary centre were reviewed. When indicated, patients were either readily resected (Upfront-surgery) or underwent TARE. TARE patients were converted to resection (TARE-surgery) or not (TARE-only). To further assess the effect of TARE on the long and short-term outcomes, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed.

Results:

Among 216 patients, 144 (66.7%) underwent upfront surgery. Among 72 TARE patients, 20 (27.7%) were converted to resection. TARE-surgery patients received a higher mean Yttrium-90 dose that the 52 remaining TARE-only patients (211.89 Gy ± 107.98 vs. 128.7 Gy ± 36.52, P<0.001). Post-operative outcomes between Upfront-surgery and TARE-surgery patients were similar. In the unmatched population, overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years was similar between upfront-surgery and TARE-surgery patients (83.0%, 60.0%, 47% vs. 94.0%, 86.0%, 55.0%, P=0.43) and compared favourably with TARE-only patients (61.0%, 16.0% and 9.0%, P<0.0001). After PSM, TARE-surgery patients had significantly better OS than Upfront-surgery patients (P=0.021) while DFS was similar (P=0.29).

Conclusions:

TARE may be a useful downstaging treatment for unresectable localized single large HCC providing comparable short and long-term outcomes with readily resectable tumours.
Methanolobususe unspecific methyltransferases to produce methane from dimethylsulfide
Authors: Tsola S. L. , Zhu Y. , Chen Y. , Sanders I. A. , Economou C. K. , Brüchert V. , Eyice Ö.
Published: August 2023

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most abundant biogenic organic sulfur compound and a methane precursor in anoxic sediments. However, understanding of the microbial diversity driving DMS-dependent methanogenesis is limited, and the metabolic pathways underlying this process in the environment remain unexplored. To address this, we used anoxic incubations, amplicon sequencing, genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics of brackish sediments of the Baltic Sea. We identifiedMethanolobusas the dominant methylotrophic methanogens in all our sediment samples. We also showed thatMethanolobususe trimethylamine- and methanol-methyltransferases, not methyl-sulfide methyltransferases, when producing methane from DMS. This demonstrated that methylotrophic methanogenesis does not require a substrate-specific methyltransferase as was previously accepted and highlights the versatility of the key enzymes in methane production in anoxic sediments.
Aberrant tissue stiffness impairs neural tube development in Mthfd1l mutant mouse embryos
Authors: Ambekar Yogeshwari S. , Caiaffa Carlo Donato , Wlodarczyk Bogdan , Singh Manmohan , Schill Alexander W. , Steele John , Aglyamov Salavat R. , Scarcelli Giuliano , Finnell Richard H. , Larin Kirill V.
Published: August 2023

Neurulation is a highly synchronized biomechanical process leading to the formation of the brain and spinal cord, and its failure leads to neural tube defects (NTDs). Although we are rapidly learning the genetic mechanisms underlying NTDs, the biomechanical aspects are largely unknown. To understand the correlation between NTDs and tissue stiffness during neural tube closure (NTC), we imaged an NTD murine model using optical coherence tomography (OCT), Brillouin microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Here, we associate structural information from OCT with local stiffness from the Brillouin signal of embryos undergoing neurulation. The stiffness of neuroepithelial tissues in Mthfd1l null embryos was significantly lower compared to that of wild-type embryos, while exogenous formate supplementation improved tissue stiffness and gross embryonic morphology in both nullizygous and heterozygous embryos. Our results demonstrate the significance of proper tissue stiffness for normal NTC and pave the way for future studies on the mechanobiology of normal and abnormal embryonic development.
Fit-for-work: mental health and alcohol indicators in male-dominated industries
Authors: Cameron Jacqui , Bothwell Steven W. , Pidd Ken , Lee Nicole
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Risky alcohol use can reduce productivity at work and impact employees’ mental health and wellbeing. Several risk factors converge in male-dominated industries, which can increase risky drinking and deteriorate mental health. This paper aims to explore the prevalence of risky drinking and psychological distress in a male-dominated industry compared with that in the general population.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from four manufacturing sites in Australia. In total, 450 workers were invited to participate in a survey that measured drinking behaviours using AUDIT-C and psychological distress using the K10, along with demographics including age, gender, job role and ethnicity. The observed outcome measures were compared with general population data available through publicly available data sets.

Findings

Surveys were returned by 341 employees, of which 319 completed AUDIT-C. AUDIT-C and K10 scores were significantly correlated (R = 0.31, p < 0.0001). Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among workers than in Australian general population (66.1% vs 23.6%). Binge drinking was greater among workers than in the general population (25.4% vs 26.5%). The difference was higher among female workers than among male workers (35.1% vs 10.8%).

Originality/value

The findings of this study show a significantly greater risk of alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries compared with that in the general population. This risk is more pronounced among women, who also experienced greater rates of moderate and high psychological distress compared with those experienced by the general population. A fitness-for-work approach is proposed to minimise alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries. Moreover, male-dominated industries are proposed to consider the interconnectivity of other workplace health and safety factors.
Outward foreign direct investment, dynamic capabilities and radical innovation performance: empirical evidence from Chinese high-tech companies
Authors: Zheng Xiyue , Wang Fusheng , Liu Shiyu , Wang Han , Zhang Dongchao
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct an analysis of the influence of both the breadth and depth of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) undertaken by Chinese high-tech listed companies during the period spanning 2010–2019. The data pertaining to these companies was used as a research sample to analyze the effects of OFDI on radical innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the proposed models, using survey data collected from 442 high-tech companies in China.

Findings

The findings of this study indicate a curvilinear (i.e. U-shaped) relationship between the breadth/depth of OFDI and radical innovation performance. Additional analysis reveals that OFDI plays a role in facilitating innovation breakthroughs by enhancing the internal dynamic capabilities of companies. Moreover, it is observed that a well-established institutional environment in the host country of investment can positively moderate the relationship between OFDI breadth/depth and radical innovation performance.

Originality/value

This study proffers a significant contribution to the understanding of the crucial role played by OFDI from emerging economy companies in enhancing radical innovation performance. Moreover, it offers theoretical guidance for multinational companies aiming to foster innovation breakthroughs.
Motivating language theory, the four frames, and change: an infused model
Authors: Holmes William T.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This conceptual paper aims to add context and support to the field of Motivating Language Theory around the area of change and transformation. With this paper, the direction and shape of the change within the field of Motivating Language Theory for practitioners and scholars alike has been expanded.

Design/methodology/approach

The design and approach of this conceptual paper is to expand upon the existing literature to create a new framework for organizational learning and a new model for leadership development to support change and change leadership through the integration of Kotter’s Stages of Change, Bolman and Deal’s Four-Frame Model, and Motivating Language Theory. The “methodology” is the infusion of the W. Author & S. Colleague Four-Frame-MLT model with the Bolman & Deal and Kotter – Four-Frame model into one seamless MLT supported/driven Four-Frame change model.

Findings

The findings of this conceptual paper are in the form of an integration table that integrates the Bolman and Deal (2021) Kotter Stages of Change and the Four Frames with Motivating Language Forms and Constructs based upon ideas and assertions (guidance) from the Kotter (2007) article. These findings highlight the three concrete steps of the infused model (1) identify the appropriate Stage of Change, (2) select the best frame or frames that address the stage of change, and (3) utilize the appropriate MLT form (action) and construct (language) to execute the change effectively.

Originality/value

The originality of this conceptual paper is in the fusion of Kotter’s Stages of Change, the Bolman and Deal Four-Frames, and Motivating Language Theory. The three components have not been brought together before this paper. In terms of value, this conceptual paper creates an opportunity for those in the real world to have a useful framework to explore change, action/communication, and leadership. For those in academic positions, this paper creates a new starting point for exploring motivating language theory and change.
Was transitioning to the virtual environment worth it: effects of different virtual team projects during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carle Heather , Scheuer Cara-Lynn , Swartz Stephanie
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study offers insight on the impact of virtual team projects (VTPs) of varying types (global vs domestic teams, technology vs non-tech projects) on competency and anxiety outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Paired-sample t-tests and ANOVA tests were performed on student survey responses pre- and post-engagement of different VTPs.

Findings

The results demonstrated positive effects of VTPs on intercultural sensitivity (ISS), computer self-efficacy, perceived ease of use of online learning and COVID-19 anxiety. ISS (“interaction confidence”) improved more for students in the global vs. domestic teams and technology-related outcomes (CSE, PEU and computer anxiety) and ISS (“respect for cultural differences”) improved more for students that participated in tech projects, whereas COVID-19 anxiety lessened more for those that participated in non-tech projects.

Originality/value

The study expands understanding of the Technology Acceptance Model and provides insight into the ISS literature showing that VTPs could be a worthwhile pedagogical approach for improving student competencies and anxiety during times of academic disruption, but that project type can influence these changes.
Business strategy and the cost of equity: the mediating role of accounting information quality
Authors: Kwakye Teddy Ossei , Ahmed Kamran
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The study examines the mediating role of accounting information quality (AQ), a proxy for firms' information risk, in firms' business strategy and the cost of equity (COE) nexus to highlight how AQ provides a mechanism through which a company's business strategy affects its COE.

Design/methodology/approach

The research study utilises data from 12,100 firm-year observations of United States (US) non-financial firms from 2001 to 2017, drawn from multiple databases, and employs the bootstrapping method of mediation analysis to test the indirect effect of AQ on the business strategy–COE relationship. The authors rely on Miles and Snow's two pure business strategy typologies, prospectors and defenders and use innate accrual quality and implied COE models to measure AQ and COE, respectively.

Findings

The results suggest that AQ partially mediates the relationship between business strategy and COE. The authors document that while innovative-oriented prospector firms have a lower AQ and a higher implied COE, efficiency-oriented defenders are associated with a higher AQ and lower COE. The higher (lower) COE of prospector (defender) firms is observed to be partly due to their lower (higher) AQ. The results indicate that while the idiosyncratic risk implied in firms' strategic orientation can directly influence their COE, the business strategy implications on firms' COE can be indirect through their AQ, a source of information risk.

Research limitations/implications

Due to data limitation, it was not possible to measure all possible methods of measuring implied COE.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the role of firm's business strategy in pricing decisions by investors.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that AQ, a proxy for information risk, is a mechanism through which business strategy affects firms' COE. The authors thus complement extant literature to empirically test the information risk effect inherent in strategic orientation on security pricing.
“Friendly, local and welcoming” – evaluation of a community mental health early intervention service
Authors: Parry Sarah Louise , Eve Zarah , Stamou Vasileios , Brockway Alice , Di Basilio Daniela
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Half of adulthood mental health challenges begin by the age of 14-years-old, making the need for early-intervention clear. This study aims to evaluate a new service model that promotes early-intervention through a community based low-intensity Hub.

Design/methodology/approach

Clinical data from 2,384 young people were analysed through within-group, pre- and post-comparisons and qualitative survey, and interview data was analysed through content analysis.

Findings

Overall, participants reported that they were highly satisfied with the Hub and the low-intensity brief interventions met their needs. Participants reported that learning new skills, having a place to talk and positive therapeutic relationships were beneficial. The Hub appeared to be less successful for young people with complex mental health difficulties. As a service, the adoption of the Hub model reduced waiting list times by more than half.

Research limitations/implications

The quantitative data demonstrated that engaging with the Hub reduced symptoms of psychological distress. Qualitative analyses suggest that access to local, community, welcoming and “less clinical” support was beneficial, and the type of brief interventions offered was less important than therapeutic relationships.

Originality/value

This is the first study of a novel “Hub” model for low-intensity brief interventions in a socio-economically deprived area of England. Local knowledge, community integrated support, therapeutic relationships and a welcoming environment were viewed as more beneficial than the type of brief interventions offered. Consequently, community spaces can be created to be therapeutic and beneficial for mental health outside of a traditional conceptualisation of clinical support.
The place of charity shops post Covid-19
Authors: Robinson Neil , Catahan Nicholas , Dale Crispin , Doran Chris
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Charity shops have met a number of challenges in light of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper aims to explore the economic and social impact of charity shops and reviews the transformative impact they have on place, the experience of place and the social environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper conducts a review of the extant literature in the field of charity shop retail. Considering the issues that are raised, the article proceeds to discuss the opportunities that arise for place marketing efforts and charity shops in the retail environment, the wider sector, the high street and as a positive, key component of place(s).

Findings

The paper provides novel sectorial insights and recommendations that can be adopted by charity retail outlets. This includes discussion on transformative place marketing, the experience of place and the charity shop’ role in the social environment beyond the existing references to charity shops in place(s) and the high street.

Originality/value

Charity shops play a vital role in society and yet they are an under researched field. The paper contributes knowledge on the role of charity shops in transforming and experiencing place. The paper concludes with observations made from the discussion on charity shops, and states areas for future research regarding the role of the charity shop and place marketing, place identity and transformation.
Exploring the impact of Internet and media sources exposure on self-care behavior: mediating the role of health anxiety, literacy and information-seeking behavior
Authors: Soroya Saira Hanif , Rehman Adeel Ur , Faiola Anthony
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Quality of life is dependent on a healthy lifestyle and the self-care behavior of individuals. The study's purpose is to find out the determinants of individuals' self-care behavior. As such, self-care behavior is influenced by several factors that include individual knowledge, available information sources and their use, information-seeking related skills and cognitive state.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design followed using a questionnaire-based survey method. A total of 384 responses from the Pakistani public were collected using the convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for examining the possible link between the variables.

Findings

Health literacy, Internet and social media use, and health information-seeking behavior had a direct/indirect positive impact on self-care behavior, but health anxiety had a negative impact. Health literacy and health information-seeking behavior positively mediated the relationship among Internet and social media use health anxiety and self-care.

Research limitations/implications

Improving health literacy appears to be key to supporting better self-care, but it is an exploratory study, more research is required to confirm these findings. Policymakers, health professionals and information professionals should work together to improve health literacy and support informed self-care among the population.

Originality/value

Thus far, no previous study has examined the collective role of social media exposure, health anxiety, health literacy and health information-seeking behavior as predictors of self-care behavior. Although self-care behavior among the general population might be different compared to chronic patients, only few studies have examined the former as a unit of analysis.
Cytocompatibility and cell migration evaluation of calcium silicate‐based root canal sealer compared to epoxide‐amine resin sealer in stem cells from human apical papilla: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Nguyen Linh Cao Hoai , Pham Loc Nguyen Gia , Van Pham Khoa , Nguyen Minh Duc , Ngo Lan Thi Quynh
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a calcium silicate‐based sealers (CeraSeal) and an epoxy resin‐based sealer (AH Plus) on cytotoxicity and cell migration of stem cell from the human apical papilla (hSCAPs) by using the Alamar Blue, Annexin V‐FICT and wound healing assays. In Alamar Blue assay, hSCAPs exposed to undiluted CeraSeal extract had significantly higher cell viability compared with that observed when cells were treated with AH Plus in all experimental period (p < 0.001). The flow cytometry analysis confirmed the comparison on viable cells and indicated that AH Plus increased apoptosis compared to CeraSeal and the control groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, AH Plus exhibited significantly lower level of cell migration than CeraSeal and the control for up to 48 h observation (p < 0.01). In summary, calcium silicate‐based sealer (CeraSeal) is less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than epoxy resin‐based sealer (AH Plus).
How safe is the treatment of pregnant women with fear of childbirth using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy? Obstetric outcomes of a multi‐center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baas Melanie A. M. , Stramrood Claire A. I. , Dijksman Lea M. , Vanhommerig Joost W. , de Jongh Ad , van Pampus Mariëlle G.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pregnant women with fear of childbirth display an elevated risk of a negative delivery experience, birth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder, and adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight, and postpartum depression. One of the therapies used to treat fear of childbirth is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the obstetric safety and effectiveness of EMDR therapy applied to pregnant women with fear of childbirth.

Material and methods

A randomized controlled trial (the OptiMUM‐study) was conducted in two teaching hospitals and five community midwifery practices in the Netherlands (www.trialregister.nl, NTR5122). Pregnant women (n = 141) with a gestational age between 8 and 20 weeks and suffering from fear of childbirth (i.e. sum score on the Wijma Delivery Expectations Questionnaire ≥85) were randomly allocated to either EMDR therapy (n = 70) or care‐as‐usual (CAU) (n = 71). Outcomes were maternal and neonatal outcomes and patient satisfaction with pregnancy and childbirth.

Results

A high percentage of cesarean sections (37.2%) were performed, which did not differ between groups. However, women in the EMDR therapy group proved seven times less likely to request an induction of labor without medical indication than women in the CAU group. There were no other significant differences between the groups in maternal or neonatal outcomes, satisfaction, or childbirth experience.

Conclusions

EMDR therapy during pregnancy does not adversely affect pregnancy or the fetus. Therefore, therapists should not be reluctant to treat pregnant women with fear of childbirth using EMDR therapy.
Utilization and outcomes of V‐AV ECMO: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saxena Abhiraj , Curran John , Ahmad Danial , Nasher Nayeem , Miyamoto Takuma , Brailovsky Eugene , Shah Mahek K. , Rajapreyar Indranee N. , Rame J. Eduardo , Loforte Antonio , Entwistle John W. , Massey H. Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: August 2023

Background

Veno‐arterial–venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐AV ECMO) is a less commonly used configuration of ECMO. We sought to understand the indications, utilization patterns, and outcomes of V‐AV ECMO by quantitatively pooling the existing evidence from the literature.

Methods

Electronic search was performed to identify all relevant studies reporting V‐AV ECMO usage. Five studies comprising 77 patients were selected and cohort‐level data were extracted for further analysis.

Results

Mean patient age was 61 (95% CI: 55.2, 66.5) years and 30% (23/77) were female. The majority of cases [91% (70/77)] were transitioned to V‐AV ECMO from another pre‐existing ECMO configuration: V‐A ECMO in 55% (42/77) vs. V‐V ECMO in 36% (28/77), p = 0.04. Only 9% (7/77) of cases were directly placed on V‐AV ECMO. The mean duration of hospital stay was 42.3 (95% CI: 10.5, 74.2) days, while ICU mortality was 46% (29, 64). Transition to durable left ventricular assist device was performed in 3% (2/64) of patients, while 3% (2/64) underwent heart transplantation. V‐AV ECMO was successfully weaned to explantation in 33% (21/64) of patients.

Conclusion

V‐AV ECMO is a viable option for optimizing cardiopulmonary support in selected patients. Survival to weaning or bridging therapy appears comparable to more common ECMO configurations.
A social emotional learning intervention to reduce psychosocial difficulties among rural children in central China
Authors: Li Jiameng , Hesketh Therese
Published: August 2023

Programmes based on social emotional learning (SEL) have been effective in reducing psychosocial difficulties in a number of countries. In Mainland China, there has been no empirical research on the prevention of children's psychosocial difficulties using the SEL approach. This study aimed to assess whether an adapted version of the SEL programme can reduce psychosocial difficulties of primary school children in rural China. The intervention consisted of 16 weekly 90‐min class sessions, conducted among 206 children aged 8–12 years (with 290 controls) in a poor rural area of Central China. Self‐report questionnaires were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 5‐month follow‐up. The results suggested that the programme (1) can reduce children's total difficulties (measured using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) at post‐intervention (d = −0.18) and 5‐month follow‐up (d = −0.19), (2) was more effective among children experiencing verbal abuse (d = −0.21) or physical abuse (d = −0.24) from caregivers and (3) was popular among more than 90% of the participants. The programme is cheap, easy to implement and can be delivered in school hours. Therefore, it has clear potential for replicability and sustainability.
Phase II trial of hypomethylating agent combined with nivolumab for acute myeloid leukaemia relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation—Immune signature correlates with response
Authors: Apostolova Petya , Kreutmair Stefanie , Toffalori Cristina , Punta Marco , Unger Susanne , Burk Ann‐Cathrin , Wehr Claudia , Maas‐Bauer Kristina , Melchinger Wolfgang , Haring Eileen , Hoefflin Rouven , Shoumariyeh Khalid , Hupfer Valerie , Lauer Eliza Maria , Duquesne Sandra , Lowinus Theresa , Gonzalo Núñez Nicolás , Alberti Chiara , da Costa Pereira Sara , Merten Carla Helena , Power Laura , Weiss Matthias , Böke Caroline , Pfeifer Dietmar , Marks Reinhard , Bertz Hartmut , Wäsch Ralph , Ihorst Gabriele , Gentner Bernhard , Duyster Justus , Boerries Melanie , Andrieux Geoffroy , Finke Juergen , Becher Burkhard , Vago Luca , Zeiser Robert
Published: August 2023

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is often driven by immune‐related mechanisms and associated with poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with hypomethylating agents (HMA) may restore or enhance the graft‐versus‐leukaemia effect. Still, data about using this combination regimen after allo‐HCT are limited. We conducted a prospective, phase II, open‐label, single‐arm study in which we treated patients with haematological AML relapse after allo‐HCT with HMA plus the anti‐PD‐1 antibody nivolumab. The response was correlated with DNA‐, RNA‐ and protein‐based single‐cell technology assessments to identify biomarkers associated with therapeutic efficacy. Sixteen patients received a median number of 2 (range 1–7) nivolumab applications. The overall response rate (CR/PR) at day 42 was 25%, and another 25% of the patients achieved stable disease. The median overall survival was 15.6 months. High‐parametric cytometry documented a higher frequency of activated (ICOS+, HLA‐DR+), low senescence (KLRG1−, CD57−) CD8+ effector T cells in responders. We confirmed these findings in a preclinical model. Single‐cell transcriptomics revealed a pro‐inflammatory rewiring of the expression profile of T and myeloid cells in responders. In summary, the study indicates that the post‐allo‐HCT HMA/nivolumab combination induces anti‐AML immune responses in selected patients and could be considered as a bridging approach to a second allo‐HCT.

Trial‐registration: EudraCT‐No. 2017‐002194‐18.
Novel metallo‐β‐lactamases inhibitors restore the susceptibility of carbapenems to New Delhi metallo‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1)‐harbouring bacteria
Authors: Guo Yan , Liu Hongtao , Yang Mengge , Ding Rui , Gao Yawen , Niu Xiaodi , Deng Xuming , Wang Jianfeng , Feng Haihua , Qiu Jiazhang
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose

The production of metallo‐β‐lactamases is a major mechanisms adopted by bacterial pathogens to resist carbapenems. Repurposing approved drugs to restore the efficacy of carbapenems represents an efficient and cost‐effective approach to fight infections caused by carbapenem resistant pathogens.

Experimental approach

The nitrocefin hydrolysis assay was employed to screen potential New Delhi metallo‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1) inhibitors from a commercially available U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug library. The mechanism of inhibition was clarified by metal restoration, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and molecular dynamics simulation. The in vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of the identified inhibitors with meropenem was determined by the checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, time‐dependent killing assay and combined disc test. Three mouse infection models were used to further evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of combined therapy.

Key results

Twelve FDA‐approved compounds were initially screened to inhibit the ability of NDM‐1 to hydrolyse nitrocefin. Among these compounds, dexrazoxane, embelin, candesartan cilexetil and nordihydroguaiaretic acid were demonstrated to inhibit all tested metallo‐β‐lactamases and showed an in vitro synergistic bactericidal effect with meropenem against metallo‐β‐lactamases‐producing bacteria. Dexrazoxane, embelin and candesartan cilexetil are metal ion chelating agents, while the inhibition of NDM‐1 by nordihydroguaiaretic acid involves its direct binding to the active region of NDM‐1. Furthermore, these four drugs dramatically rescued the treatment efficacy of meropenem in three infection models.

Conclusions and implications

Our observations indicated that dexrazoxane, embelin, candesartan cilexetil and nordihydroguaiaretic acid are promising carbapenem adjuvants against metallo‐β‐lactamases‐positive carbapenem resistant bacterial pathogens.
Responding to children's ambiguous loss in out‐of‐home care: The HEAR practice model
Authors: Kor Kenny , Park Jodie , Dear Rashelle , Fabrianesi Belinda
Published: August 2023

Children in out‐of‐home care may experience multiple losses, from separation from birth parents and siblings to loss of friendships, culture, and sense of belonging and normality. The impacts of these significant losses on a child's development and wellbeing have typically been the subject of childhood trauma research. While understanding the impact is important, children's experiences of the losses and the ways adults can support them to grieve are less explored in research. Recently, out‐of‐home care researchers have begun to address this knowledge gap by applying the concept of ambiguous loss to capture and understand children's grief and loss. This article builds on this work and reports findings of a qualitative study that involved 30 out‐of‐home care practitioners. Constructivist Grounded Theory was applied to analyse the research data which resulted in the HEAR model that outlines the practice components that out‐of‐home care practitioners considered important in effectively responding to children's experience of ambiguous loss. These components are (1) Honouring ambiguous loss; (2) Establishing a care community; (3) Attuning to the lack of finality of ambiguous loss and (4) Reducing ambiguity. This article presents research findings that supported the development of the HEAR model, and discusses its implications for out‐of‐home care practice.
Children's grief maps—Capturing children's grief and sorrow in family and close relationships
Authors: Pirskanen Henna
Published: August 2023

To better understand sensitive situations in children's lives, it is important to engage them in research. This article reports the initial findings of a study on children's grief. Grief map data were collected during interviews with 8‐ to 9‐year‐old children (N = 22). The aim was to explore children's perceptions of the family and close relationships that help them in moments of grief, and the relationships related to the cause of these emotions. The grief maps were analysed using content and thematic analyses. The results of the study demonstrate the deeply relational nature of children's grief.
Short‐term outcomes following total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease in Denmark after implementation of laparoscopy: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Mark‐Christensen Anders , Troelsen Frederikke Schønfeldt , Tøttrup Anders , Nagy Dávid , Laurberg Søren , Erichsen Rune
Published: August 2023

Aim

A laparoscopic approach to total colectomy (TC) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is being increasingly used, but data on its comparative benefits over open TC are conflicting. The aim of this study was to examine 90‐day outcomes following laparoscopic and open TC for IBD in a nationwide cohort after the introduction of laparoscopy.

Method

IBD patients undergoing TC in Denmark from 2005 to 2017 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry. We used Kaplan–Meier methodology to estimate mortality and Cox regression analysis to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratios (aMRRs) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of reoperation, readmission and intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, comparing patients undergoing laparoscopic versus open TC.

Results

We identified 1095 patients undergoing laparoscopic TC and 1523 patients undergoing open TC. Following emergency TC, 90‐day mortality was 2.8% (1.6%–4.9%) after laparoscopic TC and 9.1% (7.0%–11.8%) after open TC. Ninety‐day mortality was 0.9% (0.3%–2.5%) after laparoscopic TC and 2.6% (1.5%–4.3%) after open elective TC. The aMRRs associated with laparoscopic TC were 0.45 (95% CI 0.25–0.80) in emergency cases and 0.29 (95% CI 0.10–0.86) in elective cases. Risks of readmission were comparable following laparoscopic versus open TC, both in emergency [aHR = 0.93 (95% CI 0.76–1.15)] and elective [aHR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.68–1.02)] cases, while risks of ICU transfer and reoperation were lower following laparoscopic TC, both in emergency cases [aHR = 0.53 (95% CI 0.35–0.82) and aHR = 0.26 (95% CI 0.15–0.47)] and elective [aHR = 0.58 (95% CI 0.35–0.95) and aHR = 0.37 (95% CI 0.21–0.66)] cases.

Conclusion

The introduction of laparoscopic TC for IBD in Denmark was not associated with increased mortality or morbidity. In fact, laparoscopic TC for IBD may be associated with lower short‐term mortality and morbidity compared with open TC.
Girls' schooling is important but insufficient to promote equality for boys and girls in childhood and across the life course
Authors: Desmond Chris , Watt Kathryn , Naicker Sara , Behrman Jere , Richter Linda
Published: August 2023

Motivation

Investing in girls' schooling in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is seen as central to improving gender equity. It is argued that interventions to promote girls' enrolment are appropriate as girls face gendered barriers to school enrolment and completion and investing in girls' schooling has high economic and human development returns. But is this fair to boys and enough for girls?

Purpose

We ask how appropriate it is to direct development assistance towards improving girls' school enrolment, compared to prioritizing schooling for both girls and boys, and addressing barriers to gender equality throughout the life course.

Methods and approach

We frame the enquiry through a human development framework with three distinct but interdependent domains: protection of human development potential; realization of human development potential; and use of human development potential.

Using publicly available data, we identify indicators that are likely to be correlated with the degree to which human development potential is protected, realized, and utilized in LMICs. We compare male and female outcomes on each of these indicators to assess gender parity at different life stages.

Findings

In most regions, girls are ahead of boys in both school enrolment and completion. Girls have better outcomes than boys in several other indicators in early life and childhood.

In adolescence and adulthood, girls and women fall behind boys and men. This is especially apparent in workforce participation, in unemployment, in pay, and in share of unpaid care work and political participation, where women have less favourable outcomes than men. The bias against women is most marked in South Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa.

Policy implications

A focus on girls' schooling should be tempered by ensuring quality pre‐primary, primary, and secondary schooling for both boys and girls. At the same time, we must address causes of gender inequality, including labour market discrimination and social norms that justify the exclusion and exploitation of women and girls.
Serum neurofilament light chain does not detect self‐reported treatment‐related fluctuations in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Poser Philip Lennart , Sajid Gulchan Shazadi , Beyer Léon , Hieke Alina , Schumacher Aurelian , Horstkemper Lea , Karl Anna‐Sophia , Grüter Thomas , Sgodzai Melissa , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Gerwert Klaus , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna Lena , Gisevius Barbara , Motte Jeremias
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a marker for axonal degeneration. Patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) often report a fluctuation of symptoms throughout one treatment cycle with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). The aim of this study was to determine whether sNfL is suitable to quantify patient‐reported symptom fluctuations.

Methods

Twenty‐nine patients with the diagnosis of CIDP or a CIDP‐variant under treatment with IVIG were recruited in this study and underwent examination before IVIG infusion, in the middle of the treatment interval, and before their next IVIG infusion. Patients were surveyed regarding symptom fluctuations at the last visit and divided into two groups: those with and without fluctuations of symptoms. At the first visit, sociodemographic and disease‐specific data were collected. Clinical scores were assessed at every examination. sNfL values were compared between both groups at the different time points after conversion into Z‐scores—adjusted for age and body mass index.

Results

Patients with CIDP show elevated sNfL Z‐scores (median at baseline: 2.14, IQR: 1.0). There was no significant change in sNfL Z‐scores or questionnaire scores within the treatment cycle in either group. There was no significant difference in sNfL levels between the patients with and without symptom fluctuations.

Conclusions

CIDP patients show elevated sNfL levels. However, sNfL is not suitable to reflect patient‐reported fluctuations of symptoms. This indicates that symptom fluctuations during treatment with IVIG in patients with CIDP are not caused by a neuroaxonal injury. Furthermore, repeated sNfL measurements within one treatment cycle with IVIG seem to have no benefit for symptom monitoring.
“The US is still more accepting and respecting of us”: Rethinking the “opt‐out” myth among highly educated Chinese immigrant stay‐at‐home mothers
Authors: Li Jialin
Published: August 2023

Scholars have long been fascinated by the push‐pull discourses that have been used to account for the work‐life (in)balance of college‐educated, stay‐at‐home mothers in the United States. However, the entire conversation about the opting‐out myth excludes the increasing population of highly educated, immigrant mothers. Meanwhile, international migration literature contends that highly educated, skilled, immigrant women experience an unexpected downward career mobility. However, among all the studies, the term motherhood and housewife are largely framed as a threat and source of frustration. In response to these two bodies of literature, I conducted semi‐structured interviews with 28 highly educated, Chinese stay‐at‐home mothers in the United States between August 2019 and July 2021. By adopting an intersectional lens, I argue that although the neoliberal, immigration structures have indeed caused career downward mobility among highly educated, Chinese immigrants, we should not assume that the current, new generation of Chinese women unanimously interprets full‐time motherhood simply as a disadvantage. Instead, I have found out that, due to social and cultural differences, these mothers all felt compelled to be stay‐at‐home immigrant mothers in the United States where they believe they would receive more respect and acceptance, and feel more liberation.
Prevalence and associated metabolic factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population from 2014 to 2018 in Japan: A large‐scale multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Fujii Hideki , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sawada Koji , Tatsuta Miwa , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Tobita Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Akahane Takemi , Hasebe Chitomi , Kawanaka Miwa , Kessoku Takaomi , Eguchi Yuichiro , Syokita Hayashi , Nakajima Atsushi , Kamada Tomoari , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Sakugawa Hiroshi , Morishita Asahiro , Masaki Tsutomu , Ohmura Takumi , Watanabe Toshio , Kawada Norifumi , Yoda Yoshioki , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Ono Masafumi , Fuyama Kanako , Okada Kazufumi , Nishimoto Naoki , Ito Yoichi M. , Kamada Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sumida Yoshio ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: August 2023

Aim

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the recent prevalence and clinical characteristics of NAFLD in Japan.

Methods

This study initially included 410 061 retrospectively enrolled adults from the medical health checkup registry for metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver in Japan (MIRACLE‐J; UMIN‐CTR no. UMIN000049419), who were evaluated between 2014 and 2018 at 13 health centers in Japan. Individuals consuming >20 g of alcohol/day or with chronic liver disease were excluded. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The probability of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was estimated based on the fibrosis‐4 index and NAFLD fibrosis score.

Results

A total of 71 254 participants were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 25.8%. There was a significant, twofold difference in NAFLD prevalence between men (37.4%) and women (18.1%). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence increased linearly with body mass index, triglycerides, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol regardless of threshold values, even in the absence of obesity. Among patients with NAFLD, 14% had diabetes mellitus, 31% had hypertension, and 48% had dyslipidemia. The estimated prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was 1.7% and 1.0% according to the fibrosis‐4 index and NAFLD fibrosis score, respectively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of NAFLD was approximately one‐quarter of the general population in Japan. There was a linear relationship between NAFLD prevalence and various metabolic parameters, even in nonobese participants. The prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis was estimated to be 1%–2%.
Outcomes in organ transplants from donors with melanoma: a systematic review
Authors: Ng William Hao Syuen , Curchin David John , McGinn Stella , Smith Saxon D.
Published: August 2023

Melanoma transmitted through organ transplantation is an increasingly reported event. Immunosuppression increases the risk of melanoma; however, transmission of malignancy from transplanted organs is a distinct etiology of melanoma occurrence. The risk of transmission of melanoma from an organ donor with melanoma has yet to be determined. The authors aimed to investigate this phenomenon by reviewing the outcomes of patients that received organs from donors with melanoma. A systematic literature review was conducted with emphasis on identifying organ donors with known histories of melanoma and reported information regarding recipients of their organs. The databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and JBI EBP were searched in January 2023. Search terms included “melanoma,” terms for solid organs, “donor,” “transplant,” “transmission,” and their variations as well as terms related to temporal relations. Inclusion criteria were articles that stated outcomes in organ recipients from donors that had a diagnosis of melanoma either pretransplant or postmortem. Reference lists of selected articles were hand searched for further studies. A total of 232 articles were identified from the search parameters. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected. Hand searching the references of these articles yielded four additional articles. Of the 75 organ recipients that received organs from donors with known melanoma, 43 developed melanoma. While a definitive quantitative risk cannot be ascertained based on our review, the numerous reported cases of melanoma in organ recipients from donors that have melanoma should still be considered by clinicians.
Pollution control and multinational firms
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Liu Xinyi
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes how pollution control in the recipient developing country affects the flow of multinational capital owned by multinational firms in the source developed country. We find that when pollution control in a developing country becomes stricter, then the amount of multinational capital flowing into the developing country will certainly or conditionally decrease. Through further welfare analysis, we hope to provide some policy suggestions that will allow the government to guarantee the welfare of the labor force while it implements stricter pollution control.
Effect of glycosylated potato protein on the characteristics of gluten‐free dough and steamed bread
Authors: Liu Xingli , Ji Yue , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2023

The texture and sensory characteristics of gluten‐free steamed bread are highly dependent on the functional properties of protein, which can be improved by inducing the glycosylation reaction in protein‐polysaccharide mixtures. This study aimed to assess the impact of potato protein‐xanthan mixture (PX) and its glycosylated product (PXM) on the water state, rheological, specific volume and texture qualities of gluten‐free dough and steamed bread. The two mixtures were used to substitute for 0.5–2% of the flour in a trial gluten‐free steamed bread formulation. The specific volume (1.76 mL g−1) and hardness (13.40 N) of steamed bread with 2% PXM were significantly improved compared to those of the control (0.86 mL g−1, 19.17 N). Moreover, the addition of PX and PXM improved the water state, viscoelasticity and development height (Hm) of gluten‐free dough, especially PXM. The reason appeared to be related to that protein glycosylation modified the solubility, ζ‐potential, hydrophobicity and emulsion activity of potato protein. In conclusion, application of the glycosylated protein provides a potentially feasible approach to improve the quality of gluten‐free steamed bread.
Changing face of public agencies in workplace conflict resolution: A six country study
Authors: Avgar Ariel C. , Colvin Alexander J. S. , Katz Harry C. , Roche William , Teague Paul
Published: August 2023

This six‐country study includes examination of the institutional context in which public agencies for conflict resolution operate; the internal and external pressures for change in the activities of these agencies, including the shift from collective to individual forms of workplace conflict; the extent to which the changes being introduced are altering the traditional organizational character or culture of these bodies; and the effects of the pandemic on how public agencies involved in conflict resolution carry out their work.