bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid U-Net Framework for Low-Dose CT Image Denoising: Leveraging EdgeNet+ for Structural Integrity and Image Quality
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Md Rais Helmi , Ullah Fasee , Alazemi Talal , Yousafzai Arsalaan Khan
Published: November 2024

Computed Tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging modality widely used for the precise detection of abnormalities within the human body. However, the electromagnetic radiation generated during CT scans poses health risks, including metabolic disturbances and genetic mutations, which can increase cancer susceptibility. To mitigate these hazards, Low-Dose CT (LDCT) techniques were introduced, significantly reducing radiation exposure. However, LDCT compromises image quality by introducing increased noise, artifacts, reduced contrast and structural distortions, which can impair the accuracy and reliability of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems. This study presents EdgeNet+, an advanced U-Net architecture with 21 convolutional layers and three skip connections, which facilitate the maintenance of high-quality structural details by allowing features from earlier layers to directly influence later stages. EdgeNet+ enhances performance by incorporating a multi-level edge detection block and a hybrid loss function. The edge detection block effectively captures edge features across various scales. The hybrid loss function combines Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and L1 losses, where SSIM promotes the preservation of image structures and perceptual quality, while L1 loss ensures accurate pixel-wise reconstruction. This combination enables EdgeNet+ to produce denoised images that are visually appealing and faithful to the original content, making it highly effective in enhancing detection accuracy. In the ablation study, the impact of each component of the EdgeNet+ model was systematically assessed, demonstrating a significant improvement in denoising performance. Comparative analysis reveals a noteworthy 45.12% increase in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), a 26.17% enhancement in SSIM and a remarkable 90.71% reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) when juxtaposed with the LDCT image.
Compared to benchmark algorithms, the proposed approach demonstrates a marked improvement in noise reduction and artifact removal. Qualitative comparisons reveal a high similarity between the denoised CT images produced by EdgeNet+ and normal-dose CT images
Implementation of Electronic Land Rights Transfer In North Lombok District
Authors: Tauhid Muhamad , Asikin Zainal , Pria Suhartana Lalu Wira
Published: November 2024

This thesis discusses the implementation of electronic land rights transfer in North Lombok Regency, focusing on two main problems. First, how is the process of implementing the electronic transfer of land rights at the Land Office of North Lombok Regency, and second, what is the role of the Land Deed Official (PPAT) in implementing the process. This research uses an empirical normative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The results show that the implementation of an electronic system in the transfer of land rights has provided efficiency in the administrative process and facilitated access for the community. Nonetheless, challenges such as limited technological infrastructure and lack of public understanding of the system still need to be overcome. In addition, the role of PPAT is vital in ensuring the validity and smoothness of the title transfer process, as well as educating the public about the applicable procedures. Based on these findings, it is recommended to increase socialization and education about the electronic title transfer system to the public, as well as provide training for PPATs. In addition, the development of adequate technological infrastructure also needs to be done to support the effectiveness of this process.
Kewajiban Bagi Debitur Yang Melakukan Wanprestasi Kepada Kreditur Dalam Kasus Kredit Macet
Authors: Salsabila Ameera Najma , Djajaputera Gunawan
Published: November 2024

The law of engagement regulates the legal relationship related to property ownership between one or more parties, where one party is a creditor who has rights, while the other party becomes a debtor who has an obligation to fulfill certain achievements. The purpose of the engagement explained in article 1234 of the Civil Code, namely by explaining the purpose of the parties holding the engagement, namely the achievement of achievement for both parties. This research was carried out by using a normative legal research method. The results of this study show that in accordance with Article 1243 of the Civil Code, debtors who commit a default or breach of promise on a legally valid agreement, are obliged to be responsible by reimbursing costs, losses, and interest arising from their default. In the case of bad credit, the creditor has the right to ask the debtor to pay off his debt and pay interest on the losses suffered. Creditors can send a warning letter or summons. If the debtor does not show good faith or does not complete its obligations, the creditor can file a lawsuit in court to get his rights with a fair judgment.
Implementasi Pembelaan Terpaksa (Noodweer) sebagai Alasan Penghapus Pidana dalam Kasus Penganiayaan
Authors: Claudio Jap Clayment , Rahaditya R.
Published: November 2024

Acts of abuse can be carried out by people in a state of coercion to protect themselves from the threat they face. This is known as Noodweer (forced defense), which will be a consideration for the judge in forming a legal decision. This research is aimed at analyzing the implementation of forced defense as a reason for abolition of punishment in cases of abuse, by using a case study at Donggala District Court Number 32/Pid.B/2021/PN Dgl. The research approach implemented is a qualitative approach, with a doctrinal or normative legal research design. In carrying out this research, the author used a case research approach, which was carried out by analyzing in depth cases that have direct relevance to the legal issue being studied. The research findings indicate that the defendant named Khofifa was declared free from punishment, because there were two main elements that could be considered by the court, namely the physical threat received by Khofifa and the threat to his honor caused by the actions of Maghfira, who was a witness. Not only that, this action must also be seen in the context of the physical condition of Khofifa who is pregnant, which of course requires extra protection for her safety. In deciding Khofifa's case, the judge evaluated several key things related to Article 49, namely the existence of attacks or forms of unlawful threats, threats to honor and personal safety, the proportionality of actions, and referred to the condition that there was no other recourse available.
Legalitas Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana dalam Putusan No. 378/PID.SUS/2022/PN.SMN ditinjau Berdasarkan Prinsip Ultra Petita
Authors: Putri Sanny Nuyessy , Adhari Ade
Published: November 2024

Ultra Petita Decision refers to a court ruling made by a judge on a matter that was not requested or, in other words, a ruling in which the judge grants more than what was demanded. The judge's basis for issuing a criminal judgment is the indictment. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the legality of imposing criminal sanctions in Sleman District Court Decision No. 378/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Smn and to examine the limitations of a judge's authority in issuing an ultra petita decision. The legal research method used is normative legal research. The approaches employed are the legislative approach and the case approach. The prohibition against issuing rulings beyond what is requested is the principle of ultra petitum partium. Decisions containing elements of ultra petita are considered flawed and lead to legal uncertainty. The public prosecutor can be deemed negligent in drafting the indictment, which may prompt a judge to issue a ruling beyond the indictment. The limitation of a judge's authority in issuing a decision lies in the indictment, which serves as the litis contestation. Thus, restrictions on a judge's authority to adjudicate cases must explicitly prohibit ultra petita. In this case, the indictment prepared by the public prosecutor regarding extortion committed by the defendant was inaccurate because the prosecutor focused solely on the dissemination of indecency. Legal principles must serve as the basis to consider when interpreting and discovering the law.
Texto para Discussão 3054
Authors: Colombo Daniel Gama e
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a evolução do emprego de doutores no setor privado brasileiro, entre 2010 e 2021. O estudo é baseado em microdados do emprego formal da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (Rais/MTE) e utiliza estatísticas descritivas acerca do emprego, da remuneração e da sobre-educação de doutores. Esta última é aferida por meio do método de vínculos concretizados (realized matches) e, complementarmente, pela abordagem de análise de ocupação (job analysis). Os resultados sugerem que, ao longo do período analisado, houve ampliação do número de doutores empregados com redução da remuneração média geral. Ademais, ocorreu elevação da taxa de sobre-educação entre profissionais com doutorado, e a remuneração mensal e o salário-hora médios em 2021 foram maiores para aqueles em ocupações com alinhamento educacional.
Understanding Cybercrime in Developing Economies: Insights from Agona Swedru, Ghana
Authors: Obeng Charles , Kumah Paul Kwasi , Asiedu Hubert Bimpeh , Obeng Senior Felix Awuah
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence and primary causes of cybercrime in Agona Swedru. Using a quantitative research survey and a simple random sampling technique, 397 individuals were surveyed. The study’s data were analyzed using both frequencies, cross tabulation and linear regression. The findings highlight that a significant proportion of the population engages in cybercrime, with online romance scams and financial fraud being the common forms of cybercrime being practiced. Unemployment, financial constraints, and poverty were identified as primary causes, pushing individuals towards cybercrime as a means to achieve financial stability. Based on the findings, it is recommended that enhancing employment opportunities through vocational training and job creation programs can alleviate the strain caused by unemployment. Also, establishing financial aid programs and counseling services can help individuals manage financial pressures. Implementing these recommendations will create a more stable and supportive environment, reducing the factors that drive individuals toward cybercrime. By identifying socioeconomic factors, such as unemployment and poverty, as key drivers of cybercrime, this study enhances understanding of the motivations behind cybercrime in Agona Swedru and similar contexts.

Keywords: Cybercrime, Unemployment, Financial Constraint, Poverty
The Effectiveness of Financial Control Environment in Promoting the Performance of the Universal Primary Education (UPE) Capitation Grant in Uganda
Authors: Nakabago John , Hofisi Costa
Published: November 2024

The control environment is considered the bedrock for the effectiveness of the internal control mechanism, in promoting financial accountability and the performance of public service delivery programmes like the UPE capitation grant. An effective control environment is underpinned by factors such as the overall awareness, control consciousness, skills, positive attitude, commitment, and ethical values of personnel as well as robust communication mechanisms of programme information. The study explored the effectiveness of the internal control environment in promoting the financial accountability and performance of the Universal Primary Education capitation grant in Uganda. The study focused on factors such as skills, ethical values, commitment and information flow which were considered more relevant to the study. Findings showed that deficiencies in information flow, commitment, skills and ethical values of personnel, negatively impact the efficacy of the internal control systems in promoting the performance of the UPE capitation grant. To address the identified deficiencies in the control environment the study, recommended interventions such as a more effective mechanism for information flow, skilling of relevant personnel and sensitisation of actors involved in the implementation of the grant. This study contributes to literature on the utility of financial accountability in the performance development programmes.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Financial Control Environment, Universal Primary Education, Capitation Grant.
The Quest for Restoration of the African Renaissance through Indigenous African Music and Globalisation: A Case Study of South Africa
Authors: Yende Sakhiseni Joseph , Yende Nsizwazonke Ephraim
Published: November 2024

Rooted in the philosophy of Ubuntu, this article contends that the revival of indigenous South African music transcends mere cultural revitalisation; it emerges as a transformative force for community empowerment. Through the cultivation of creativity, the bridging of generational divides, and the nurturing of a profound sense of belonging, Ubuntu reaffirms the intrinsic worth of everyone’s contribution to the collective cultural legacy. The African Renaissance, a dynamic movement dedicated to rejuvenating Africa’s cultural, political, and economic identity, finds its heartbeat in the resurgence of indigenous African music. This article embarks on an in-depth exploration of this study, focusing on a case study of South Africa. Employing a qualitative content analysis methodology, the study draws from a comprehensive array of scholarly sources including articles, book chapters, and theses. In doing so, this articlenot only contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between cultural preservation and community empowerment but also underscores the enduring spirit and cultural richness of the African continent. This article provides valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in the broader discourse on the African Renaissance and the pivotal role of indigenous music within it. This article concludes by mentioning that the quest for the restoration of the African Renaissance through indigenous South African music is a testament to the enduring spirit of the nation. It is evident that by embracing globalisation without compromising authenticity, South Africa exemplifies how a nation can reclaim its narrative and make meaningful contributions to the global cultural mosaic.

Keywords: African Renaissance, Cultural Revitalisation, Globalisation, Indigenous African Music, Ubuntu
Kris
in a Roma diaspora: New insights on transnational conflict resolution
Authors: GAMELLA JUAN F. , MUNTEAN VASILE M.
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the system of conflict resolution maintained by a Roma group that has migrated from the Romanian regions of Transylvania and Banat to over 16 countries in Western Europe and North America. The analysis is based on a long-term collaborative ethnography that enabled the detailed reconstruction of 76 conflicts that occurred between 2001 and 2022. Of these conflicts, 56 were resolved through
kris
hearings conducted by a tribunal of selected judges or
krisoniere.
This paper provides an initial analysis of this database, addressing four key aspects of the
kris
procedures: (1) How does this system work today within diasporic networks that rely heavily on digital technologies for transnational communication? (2) What is the profile of the judges or
krisoniere
and how do they work within the
kris
assemblies? (3) What types of conflicts does the system address and how are they linked to the socio-political organization of this diaspora? (4) How are
kris
resolutions enforced in the absence of political leadership or the coercive power of state institutions? This autonomous justice system, epitomized by the
kris
hearings, represents a form of embedded legal pluralism and network governance. Consensus within this social field is fostered by the goal of minimizing threat and violence while maintaining connectedness in the face of exclusion and discrimination.

This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0
.
The inverse problem of determining profiles of electrophysical parameters in eddy-current structuroscopy using apriori information on multifrequency probing
Authors: Halchenko Volodymyr Ya. , Trembovetska Ruslana , Tychkov Volodymyr , Tychkova Nataliia
Published: November 2024

Based on the proposed methodology, the essence of which is to identify the profiles of electrophysical parameters of planar objects of eddy-current testing by means of surrogate optimization in the active PCA-space of reduced dimensionality, the effectiveness of the approach is proved by modeling the process of measurement control using apriori accumulated information about an object, in particular, multifrequency probing. The particularity of these studies is the consideration of previously collected information not only on profile variations, but also on the effect of various object probing frequencies on the signal of the surface probe. The functions of the storage device and information carrier were performed by a neural network metamodel, characterized by a high computational efficiency. Numerical experiments have determined the accuracy indicators of the proposed improved method for determining the distributions of magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity along the subsurface layer of a metal object with changes in a microstructure. The analysis of the modeling results indicates a significant reduction in the level of computational resources required to solve the problem and an increase in the accuracy of profile identification.
Wild bees (Apoidea, Anthophila) of south-west France: more than 10 years of inventories in mosaic landscapes of "Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne" (ZA-PYGAR)
Authors: Ollivier Mélodie , Rivers-Moore Justine , Pichon Magalie , Andrieu Emilie , Carrié Romain , Rudelle Rémi , Sarthou Jean-Pierre , Ouin Annie
Published: November 2024

The reported massive decline of arthropods and particularly of pollinators such as wild bees, in terms of abundance and richness, is a threat for crop production and wild plant biodiversity conservation. This decline is mainly explained by a combination of drivers at local- and landscape-scale related to intensive farming practices. Assessing the evolution of wild bee communities in agricultural ecosystems and their response to such practices is needed to address conservation purposes.

We provide here data for the 24,329 wild bee specimens held in the collection of DYNAFOR Lab (UMR 1201 INRAE, INP-ENSAT, EI PURPAN), located at INP-ENSAT (Toulouse, France). All bee specimens were collected from the long term socio-ecological research site, ZA-PYGAR, located in south-west France, for more than 10 years (2010 to 2022) within the framework of different research programmes conducted by the DYNAFOR Lab. At least 270 species, representative of the six wild bee families, were identified from this area. The identified specimens are considered reliable as identifications were performed or have been verified by community-recognised experts. In addition, ongoing DNA barcoding performed on certain specimens helped clarify questionable morphological characters and provided cross-validation of species identification.
Employment in Informal Sector of Russia: Unemployment and Other Socio-Economic Factors
Authors: Kiselev Sergey V. , Seitov Sanat K. , Samsonov Valery A. , Filimonov Ilya V.
Published: November 2024

In Russia in 2023, 18.3% of the employed were engaged in the informal sector. As in many other countries, the informal economy is important for the social and economic situation of the population.

This paper aims to identify the impact of specific key factors, such as unemployment rate, wages, poverty level, number of formal sector actors, proportion of the rural population, on the proportion of the informally employed.

The Two-Stage Least Squares Method estimates allow to conclude that wages and the number of formal sector actors had a negative effect on the proportion of the informally employed in Russia in 2009–2021, while the unemployment rate had a positive effect. The paper shows a lack of statistical significance of the impact of the proportion of the rural population on the proportion of the informally employed.
Le réchauffement climatique et ses conséquences dans la région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes
Authors: Blanchet Guy , Suchel Jean-Bernard
Published: November 2024

Le dérèglement du climat, dû pour l’essentiel à la hausse des températures, est devenu aujourd’hui une préoccupation majeure dans le monde entier, surtout depuis la publication du dernier rapport du GIEC (Groupe d’experts Intergouvernemental sur l’Evolution du Climat), qui pointe désormais sans ambiguïté le poids des activités humaines dans l’augmentation des gaz à effet de serre (GES), responsable du réchauffement. Il est évident que la France et la Région Auvergne Rhône-Alpes (AuRA) en particulier n’échappent pas à cette évolution inquiétante. Le présent article a pour objectif d’analyser les manifestations de cette dérive des températures, grâce aux données des principales stations du réseau de Météo-France de la région AuRA, et d’en présenter les conséquences visibles les plus graves.
Vocations tardives et individualisation de la vie monastique
Authors: Amiotte-Suchet Laurent
Published: November 2024

Aujourd’hui, il est rare qu’un postulant soit admis au monastère avant l’âge de 25 ou 30 ans. Dans certains cas, la vocation est encore plus tardive, se manifestant après la quarantaine et l’expérience d’une première vie socioprofessionnelle. Formés et disposant d’une expérience de vie, les nouveaux postulants passent ensuite par la longue épreuve du noviciat pour parvenir à discerner l’authenticité de leur vocation. Pour les supérieurs, cette évolution du recrutement assure une meilleure garantie de durabilité, le choix de la vie religieuse ayant été plus longuement mûri avant la prise de l’habit.Mais la généralisation de vocations plus tardives a pour conséquence, entre autres, de favoriser une adaptation individualisée des règles communautaires, permettant à chacun de négocier avec son supérieur le niveau d’engagement au sein de la communauté qu’il entend consentir, en accord avec ses propres aspirations à la vie monastique. On découvre ainsi dans les monastères la mise en place de régimes d’exception à la règle, tenant compte des singularités de chacun.Cet article est issu d’une recherche ethnographique sur le vieillissement des communautés monastiques, en Suisse et en France, financée par le Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique (FNS).
The Role of Technology for Academic Transformation in Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Saidu Alhaji Adamu , Idris Muhammad Kabir , Ahmed Aminu Adamu
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the role of technology in academic transformation, challenges and considerations in implementing technology in education, best practices and strategies for effective integration of technology, and the future of education in the post-COVID era. It highlights the shift towards online and hybrid learning models. The redefinition of the roles of educators and students, the embrace of personalized and adaptive learning approaches. Enhancing access to education, ensuring equity and inclusivity in digital learning. It also addresses concerns regarding privacy and data security. It highlights professional development and training for educators, creating a supportive digital learning environment, evaluating the effectiveness of technology integration, and the need for continued research and innovation in educational technology. The chapter concludes with final thoughts on the future of education, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Promoting Diversity and Inclusion in Internationalization Initiatives
Authors: Undie David Akpanke , Etim Emmanuel Edet , Samuel Humphrey Sam
Published: November 2024

Internationalization initiatives comprise a wide range of activities, including international market growth, health sectors, business world and academic exchanges. The author of this chapter focuses on the global establishment of diversity and inclusion in internationalization, their significance, associated challenges and best practices for promoting Diversity and Inclusion in these initiatives. It shows how prejudices, language, and poverty reduce one's involvement in internationalization strategies. It discusses how language, cultural diversity and socioeconomic disparities hinder full participation in internationalization. Strategies for effective implementation of diversity and inclusion discuss herewith include leadership commitment, policy development, ongoing diversity training, and mentorship programs. Successful examples like Google and Microsoft demonstrate the benefits of robust diversity and inclusion practices. Ultimately, integrating these strategies enhances institutional efficacy, promotes global engagement, and supports equitable internationalization programs.
The Role of Social Media in Improving College Students' Cross-Cultural Competence
Authors: Tang Lin , Cao Chun
Published: November 2024

One of the core aims of higher education internationalization is to cultivate cross-culturally competent college students. Previous research has investigated various factors that can contribute to college students' cross-cultural competence (CCC). Nonetheless, most of these factors tend to be shaped in the physical environment. By contrast, little is known about the role of social media in achieving this goal in the virtual environment. According to the Uses and Gratification Theory, social media can enrich college students' cross-cultural experiences through social, cognitive and hedonic usage. Hence, this study has two objectives. The first objective is to discuss the roles of social media usage patterns in improving college students' CCC by reviewing prior literature. Further, since culture and language are intertwined, there is a growing consensus that intercultural teaching methods should be incorporated into teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Thus, the second objective is to discuss implications for redesigning EFL curriculum aimed at improving college students' CCC.
Modelling Problem-Based Learning, Student Satisfaction, and Effectiveness Among Higher Education Students in Thailand
Authors: Siripipatthanakul Supaprawat , Limna Pongsakorn , Siripipattanakul Sutithep , Phuangsuwan Penpim
Published: November 2024

Problem-based learning (PBL) is essential in digital education. Student satisfaction with PBL as a mediator influences learning effectiveness. This study analyzes how student satisfaction mediates PBL factors (authenticity, process, assessment, teamwork) and learning efficacy. This study used convenience sampling to obtain self-administered questionnaire responses from 214 Thai higher education students. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model PLS-SEM (ADANCO Version 23) was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. SPSS 27 was used for descriptive analysis. Teamwork and process significantly increase student satisfaction with problem-based learning, while authenticity and assessment do not. Student satisfaction with PBL mediates the relationship between teamwork, process, and learning effectiveness. Highlighting teamwork and processes in PBL could enhance student effectiveness and happiness. Expanding the sample size and areas is recommended for future research. Interviews and focus groups may give useful results.
Harmony Hub
Authors: Rohith S. , Santhi V. , Karthik C. R. , Nair Navtej , Mani Murali Krishnan , Adithya P. M.
Published: November 2024

In response to escalating mental health concerns among VIT college students, 'Harmony Hub' emerges as a comprehensive web application designed to enhance mental health and wellness. This research delves into the conceptualization, implementation, and evaluation of Harmony Hub, emphasizing vital information, expert guidance, and support for students facing academic challenges. The study examines Harmony Hub's impact on mental health awareness, positive coping strategies, and the creation of a supportive virtual environment. With features like user authentication, content management, real-time interaction, and privacy controls, Harmony Hub offers an innovative solution poised to improve mental health outcomes for VIT students. The findings aim to inform future tech-driven mental health solutions, contributing valuable insights to the broader discourse on student well-being.
Online Gambling of Higher Education Learners
Authors: Siripipatthanakul Supaprawat , Siripipattanakul Sutithep
Published: November 2024

This study proposes the topic of online gambling among higher education students to assist strategic planners and educators in escaping online gambling addiction and prevent the present among higher education students. This Prisma-based systematic review was based on Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science papers and adopted content analysis. The findings suggest that schools should educate higher education students about the risks of internet gambling. These youth use online casinos since gambling is such a broad casino. Online casinos are easily accessible and attract people who mislead each other due to ignorance and lack of awareness of the risks and repercussions. It is so fundamental that the Ministry of Education should teach it seriously and go deeper, exposing them to dark perils like internet gambling.
AI, CI, and Society 5.0
Authors: Behare Nitesh , Keerthi Vatsala Manjunath , Vasmatkar Abhijit , Waghulkar Shrikant , Behare Shubhada Nitesh , Mohture Ashish , Sayankar Vinod N. , Sharma Suraj
Published: November 2024

This chapter reviews the historical interactions between Computational Intelligence (CI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the emergence of Society 5.0, starting with the evolution of AI alongside CI advancements. It explores Society 5.0's vision of a technologically advanced, human-centered society and examines AI and CI's profound impacts on socio-economic systems through early implementations in various disciplines. The chapter highlights significant technological milestones, discusses ethical and societal implications, and explores future directions and opportunities for AI and CI within Society 5.0. It provides insights for academics, decision-makers, and practitioners on the complex interactions between technology and society, offering a comprehensive look at the foundations and future of AI, CI, and Society 5.0.
Nurturing Digital Citizenship in Society 5.0 Through AI and Computational Intelligence Education
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman , Sergio Rommel P.
Published: November 2024

This chapter delves into the critical topic of promoting digital citizenship in Society 5.0, specifically through the lens of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Intelligence (CI) education. As our world becomes increasingly digitized and AI-driven, it is essential to equip individuals with knowledge, skills, and ethical understanding to navigate this landscape responsibly. The chapter explores various educational strategies, innovative curricula, and pedagogical approaches that promote digital literacy, ethics, and inclusion. Drawing on successful training programs, case studies, and theoretical insights, it provides a blueprint for integrating AI and CI education across various disciplines and educational levels. Real-world examples such as the AI4K12 initiative and the AI4ALL organization demonstrate effective approaches to AI education and promote diversity in the field.
Unlocking the Potential of Society 5.0
Authors: Behare Nitesh , Panchbhai Ashutosh , Bhardwaj Puja , Jadhav Priyanka , Behare Shubhada Nitesh , Waghulkar Shrikant , Sharma Suraj
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the concept of Society 5.0, which envisions a world where advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence are seamlessly connected to enhance human welfare and solve societal problems. It begins with an introduction to Society 5.0, highlighting its principles and goals. The chapter then discusses the importance of AI and CI in transforming education through personalized learning experiences, adaptive tutoring systems, and intelligently created educational content. It further explores the necessity of inclusive and accessible education via responsible AI and CI implementation, addressing ethical concerns and potential social impacts. Practical applications of AI and CI in education are presented through case studies and specific examples of successful implementations. Finally, the chapter concludes by contemplating the transformational potential of AI and CI in shaping future education within Society 5.0, emphasizing collaboration, innovation, and inclusiveness.
Hydro Horizons
Authors: Ahmmed Md. Mortuza , Puri Shalini , Punhani Ritu , Islam Moynul , Rassel Mian Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Bangladesh takes precedence worldwide in the shift to renewable energy thanks to its advantageous location and plenty of water resources. Governments are investigating the unexplored potential of hydroelectricity for its sustainability and environmental advantages as they realize how critical it is to lessen dependency on fossil fuels. Bangladesh's current hydroelectric power infrastructure, goals for operations, and contributions to national grids are thoroughly examined in this study. Sector-specific issues, such as infrastructure limitations, environmental effects, and the pursuit of technical advancements, are covered. An important aspect of hydro projects is their environmental evaluation, which considers ecological effects and suggests mitigation techniques. With a focus on sustainability, the study explores state-of-the-art hydro-energy systems to reduce environmental impact and improve economic feasibility. Novel approaches are being investigated, including improved storage and small-scale run-of-river initiatives.
Advancements in Optic Disc Detection
Authors: Kulkarni Nilima , Das Nitish , Kakade Pratik , Kale Ameya , Jawade Ishan , Jadhav Rushikesh
Published: November 2024

Many eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy, hypertension or hyper cranial pressure can be diagnosed using fundus retinal images of the eye. Optic disc detection plays a primary and important step in identifying such kinds of diseases. Accurately identifying the optic disc region is crucial. There are various methods proposed by the researchers for optic disc detection, most of them based on image processing and machine learning techniques. This paper consists of a detailed comparative study between five different deep learning algorithms, namely: YOLOv2, YOLOv2 reduced, YOLOv3, and Mask RCNN. This comparison helps culminate to find the balance between computation usage and processing time required which can further help to implement these algorithms in low-computational power devices. This paper also proposes an alternative architecture YOLOv3 reduced based on YOLOv3 architecture. The MESSIDOR dataset consisting of 400 images is used for training and DRIVE, DIARET-DB1 and STARE datasets were used for validation.
Improving Autonomous Vehicle Technology Through Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Kumari Shabanam , Rajak Sunil Kumar , Siddharth Dhirendra , Kumar Mohit
Published: November 2024

These days, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding across various technological domains, with Autonomous Vehicles (AV) research being just one example. In this book chapter, we will discuss Improving Autonomous Vehicle Technology Through Reinforcement Learning and deep learning Models and algorithms. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are a game-changing technology that has the potential to revolutionize mobility, increase safety, and improve transportation. The widespread use of AVs, however, depends on resolving important issues, especially about their decision-making procedures. This chapter explores how Autonomous Vehicles technology can be greatly advanced by using deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL) models to improve decision-making. This chapter aims to accomplish two main goals. Firstly, in the context of autonomous vehicles, to clarify the theoretical underpinnings and real-world applications of deep learning and reinforcement learning.
Navigating the Selection and Integration of Theoretical Frameworks as a Lens for Exploring Social Phenomena in a Research Study
Authors: Motitswe J. M. C.
Published: November 2024

This chapter aims to explore and discuss the process of navigating the selection and integration of theoretical frameworks as a methodological lens for studying social phenomena. Theoretical frameworks serve as conceptual scaffolds that guide researchers in understanding, interpreting, and contextualising complex social realities. However, the process of selecting and integrating appropriate theoretical perspectives can be complex, involving considerations of epistemology, ontology, and research objectives. This study seeks to explore the strategies, challenges, and implications inherent in the selection and integration of theoretical frameworks across various research contexts. By examining how researchers navigate theoretical diversity and complexity, this research aims to explain best practices and methodological innovations for effectively utilising theoretical frameworks as lenses for investigating social phenomena.
Africanization of Research in Higher Education
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: November 2024

The chapter examines the transformative impact of incorporating African perspectives in academic research. It addresses the concept of Africanization as a process of decolonizing knowledge and promoting diverse epistemologies rooted in African contexts. Methodological approaches such as participatory research methods and interdisciplinary frameworks are discussed, highlighting their relevance for addressing local challenges and enriching global academic debates. Ethical considerations play a central role, emphasizing respect for cultural norms, community engagement and equitable research partnerships in African settings. The chapter reflects on the future impact of Africanized research and considers its potential to strengthen local communities, build research capacity and challenge Eurocentric narratives within academia.
Understanding and Applying Epistemology in Educational Research
Authors: Adeyeye Gbenga Michael , Hove Nilford
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the significance of epistemology in educational research, highlighting its role in influencing research techniques and approaches. This course offers a thorough exploration of epistemological theories, distinguishing them from ontology, and analyzing their influence on research perspectives and the validation of knowledge. Researchers can improve the precision and ethical soundness of their studies by understanding epistemology, resulting in a more profound and nuanced comprehension of educational phenomena.
Crafting and Validating a Multidimensional Addiction Behaviour Scale
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Yogesh Kanna S.
Published: November 2024

This chapter highlights the pivotal role of multidimensional scales in advancing academic research in higher education. It covers foundational concepts, starting with the development of scales by identifying research objectives and conducting a literature review for item generation. The refinement phase includes expert feedback and pilot testing, followed by detailed validation through reliability and validity assessments using statistical analyses. The chapter also discusses implementation considerations, potential challenges, and mitigation strategies. Real-world applications, such as the Multidimensional Addiction Behaviour Scale (MABS), are explored, illustrating insights and best practices. MABS is tailored to psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors, cognitive and behavioral patterns, motivation, and readiness for change. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research.
Overtourism and Short-Term Rental Effects in Florence and Lisbon
Authors: Pinto Hugo , Marzano Martina , Cruz Ana Rita , Elston Jennifer Nicole
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the complex dynamics of managing overtourism and short-term rentals, particularly prevalent in cities in southern European countries. Focusing on the related population and commercial displacement issues, this study seeks to understand local responses to overtourism and its link to short-term rentals. The chapter begins with a comprehensive literature review on the topic and a comparative analysis of Florence (Italy) and Lisbon (Portugal). The study uses available quantitative data to unravel the dynamics of short-term rentals in both cities. The empirical part includes an analysis of interviews conducted with residents' organizations dealing with these challenges to delineate coping strategies. With significant policy implications for tourism management, the study advocates for increased attention to the specific experiences and linkages between overtourism and short-term rentals, urging policymakers to prioritize the perspectives of those most affected by these phenomena.
The Potential for and of Short-Term Rental Accommodation in Rural Areas of the Algarve
Authors: Torkington Kate , Rebelo Sandra , Ribeiro Filipa Perdigão
Published: November 2024

Digital technologies, including peer-to-peer platforms and online booking systems, have significantly transformed the tourism industry, with short-term rental accommodations (STRA) becoming a key component of global options. While STRA has notably impacted urban tourist centres, its effects on rural sustainability are less explored. This chapter examines STRA, or ‘alojamento local' (AL) in Portugal, in the rural Algarve, comparing its impacts to urban settings. Using both secondary quantitative data from national databases and qualitative interviews with stakeholders, this study aims to expand the limited literature on rural STRA. It characterizes rural AL patterns, explores the connections between lifestyle migrant entrepreneurship and the STRA sector, and assesses their role in sustainable rural development. This research also addresses the challenges and opportunities in promoting rural tourism as a driver for a sustainable future in areas considered ‘lagging' and ‘in decline' for decades.
Advancing Education With AI-Driven Education for Diverse Learners
Authors: Yadav Seema
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the transformative potential of AI in education, focusing on its ability to personalize learning experiences and enhance teaching effectiveness. Key strategies include the implementation of adaptive learning platforms and the integration of AI into pedagogical practices to establish international standards and best practices. The chapter emphasizes the importance of fostering innovation through the creation of dedicated hubs and partnerships. Addressing bias mitigation through regular audits and the use of inclusive datasets, as well as ensuring equitable access to AI technologies, are highlighted as essential steps towards inclusivity. Continuous professional development for educators and the incorporation of AI literacy into student curricula are identified as critical for effective and ethical AI integration. The chapter concludes with the necessity of conducting regular impact studies and establishing feedback mechanisms to facilitate continuous evaluation and improvement, ensuring that AI-driven initiatives in education are both effective and equitable.
The Ethical Use of AI in Education
Authors: Sumbera Becky Gail
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the ethical implications of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational practices, focusing on the balance between technological advancement and moral responsibility. It examines the transformative potential of AI in personalized learning, administrative efficiency, and student engagement while addressing critical ethical concerns such as bias, transparency, privacy, and data security. The chapter also discusses the theoretical frameworks of Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics as they apply to AI in education, providing a comprehensive guide for responsible AI deployment. Through case studies and analysis, the chapter offers insights into successful and problematic implementations of AI, emphasizing the need for robust ethical guidelines to ensure that AI enhances educational outcomes while safeguarding the rights and well-being of students.
Next-Gen Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Kumar Krishna , Tyagi Uplabdhi , Maity Saurav Kumar , Kumar Gulshan
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of portable electronics and an increased need for sustainable energy sources have grown interest in developing next-generation energy storage technologies. This chapter deals with the development and optimization of supercapacitors synthesized with carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and carbon aerogels. In this regard, the recent progress in the synthesis of carbon-based materials is reviewed relevance to capacitance, conductivity, and mechanical stability. Moreover, this chapter gives overall coverage of issues relating to the production and fabrication of carbon-based flexible supercapacitors. Additionally, the applicability of these carbon-based flexible electrodes in wearable electronics, flexible displays, and next-generation smart devices is explained in detail. The chapter also discussed the general overview of the present status of carbon-based flexible supercapacitors in next-generation energy storage devices, in addition to the future perspectives.
Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Decomposition as Green Propellant
Authors: Harimech Zakaria , Salah Mohammed , Amrousse Rachid
Published: November 2024

Thermal decomposition of eco-friendly propellants such us ammonium dinitramide (ADN) aims to replace hydrazine in satellite systems. ADN, with formula [NH4]+[N(NO2)2]−, is a promising high-performance rocket propellant. It decomposes cleanly, producing gases such as NH3, H2O, NO, N2O, NO2, HONO, and HNO3, making it an attractive alternative to ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydrazine. This chapter reviews catalyst systems for ADN decomposition, focusing on efficiency and thermal stability. Various catalysts, including metal oxides, transition metal complexes, and nanomaterials, enhance ADN decomposition. Iron and copper oxides lower decomposition temperatures, crucial for energy-efficient propellant compositions. Ruthenium and palladium complexes support homogeneous catalysis. Nanomaterials with high specific surface areas and distinct electronic activity improve ADN decomposition. Alloying carbon nanotubes with metals or using noble metal nanoparticles enhances decomposition rates at lower temperatures while maintaining thermal stability.
Whose Rights Prevail?
Authors: Bag Akash , Ghosh Anwesha , Tripathy Tejaswini
Published: November 2024

Following the landmark Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v. Wade in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization case of 2022, the United States has witnessed a surge in state-level abortion bans. This paper employs Carol Bacchi's “What's the problem represented to be?” approach to policy analysis to scrutinize and compare problem representations in the context of these abortion bans and the broader realm of human rights. Through a critical lens, we explore the contrasting problem representations: “violations of the rights of unborn children” in abortion bans versus “violations of women's equal rights” in human rights discourse. Although these representations appear contradictory, feminist theory reveals nuanced inequalities perpetuated by both. This paper emphasizes that the current frameworks surrounding abortion do not provide women with equal access to their rights. Thus, it calls for a more comprehensive and equitable approach to address the complexities of reproductive autonomy post-Roe v. Wade.