bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pierwsze długie grobowce ziemne w centralnej Wielkopolsce
Authors: Żurkiewcz Danuta , Niebieszczański Jakub , Romaniszyn Jan , Teska Sebastian
Published: April 2023

Artykuł opisuje wyniki sondażowych prac wykopaliskowych przeprowadzonych na jednym z pierwszych rozpoznanych nad środkową Wartą cmentarzysk megalitycznych kultury pucharów lejkowatych. W trakcie wykopali zbadano powierzchnię 80m2 obejmująca czoła dwóch z pięciu grobowców zlokalizowanych na cmentarzysku. Pozyskano materiały związane z kultura przeworską i kulturą pucharów lejkowatych. Z przepalonych kości  zwierzęcych (?) ulokowanych w nasypie jednego z grobowców uzyskano dwie daty 14C wskazujące na przedział 3633-3516 BC (przy prawdopodobieństwie 68%). W ramach wąskiego pasa rozpoznania objętego badaniami wykopaliskowymi, założyć można, że obstawa boczna  grobowców zbudowane była z rowów zagłębionych w calec i wypełnionych głazami różnych rozmiarów.  Płaszczem-brukiem kamienny mógł być również przykryty nasyp tych mogił. W ramach dostępnych dla grupy wschodniej KPL analogii do tego typu konstrukcji, założenia z Soboty wydają się być unikatowe.
report on the jubilee international conference "Towns that created Europe. 70 years of Polish archaeological research in Wolin", Wolin, 26-28.08.2022
Authors: Filipowiak Wojciech , Kokora Karolina
Published: April 2023

On 26-28 August 2022, an anniversary conference was held in Wolin entitled 'Towns that created Europe. 70 years of Polish archaeological research in Wolin'. The event was organised as part of the 6th Wolin Medievalist Meetings by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Andrzej Kaube Regional Museum in Wolin, the National Museum in Szczecin and the Wolin Municipality. The event was held under the honorary patronage of the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Prof. dr. hab. Piotr Gliński, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prof. dr. hab. Zbigniew Rau, Minister of Education and Science, Dr. hab. Przemysław Czarnek, Deputy Minister of Infrastructure Marek Gróbarczyk, West Pomeranian Voivode Zbigniew Bogucki, and the Polish National Committee of the International Council for Monuments Protection ICOMOS POLAND. The conference was attended by nearly 70 participants (including 19 speakers) from Poland, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Ukraine and England. During the conference, a letter of intent to include Wolin on the UNESCO World Heritage List was signed.
The (Present) Age of Quantum Computing
Authors: CR Senise Jr
Published: April 2023

Quantum computing is an intense and challenging research area, that promises to change the world we live in. But what is its current status, both in terms of understanding and applications? We discuss some points related to this question in this article.
Thermodynamic Basis of Coevolution and Self-optimization, and Ecosystem
Authors: YF Chang
Published: April 2023

First, Darwinian evolution and mutual help seem to conflict. Second, since the second law of thermodynamics is based on isolated-equilibrium systems, it is in fact very limited. But, in essence, the vast majority of systems in the universe and nature are constantly changing and evolving with “life”. We proposed possible entropy decrease in isolated system due to internal interactions, etc. Based on biophysics, we research coevolution from thermodynamics and entropy by unified method. Let the entropy change dSA of a subsystem A is a set of its elements dSi , which may have various internal interactions with cooperation and complementary each other, so entropy may be decrease. This corresponds to the principle of least action of entropy change. It includes self evolution, and competition each other, etc. Third, evolution may combine self-optimization and selforganization, etc. Brain control of the body is the most typical of an internal interaction. No one would think that this only leads to an entropy increase. Fourth, we discuss the biological synergetics, ecosystem, and sustainable development. The cooperation-competition is a common phenomenon in the ecosystem. Coevolution is the more general evolution-development law of biological and active systems. This can unify natural competition and mutual help in biology, and is an important model for human development direction.
Graphene-Quantum Dots Hybrid Based Dual Band Photodetector
Authors: JX Guo
Published: April 2023

Graphene, which can detect a broad spectrum from ultraviolet to terahertz, is a promising photodetector material because it offers a broad spectral bandwidth and fast response times. However, the nature of weak light absorption has limited the responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors. Here, we demonstrate a responsivity of up to ∼6.7×103 A/W in a hybrid photodetector that consists of monolayer or bilayer graphene covered with a thin film of colloidal quantum dots. At the same time, benefits from gate-tunability, the device can response from the short-wavelength infrared to the visible, and compatibility with current circuit technologies.
Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure And Profitability Of Firms Listed At Dar Es Salaam Stock Exchange.
Authors: Ngollo Magwana Ibrahim , Mwenda Beny
Published: April 2023

Modern corporations are for people and the environment, making CSR disclosure essential. It is debatable if CSR disclosure influences corporate profitability. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between CSR disclosure and the profitability of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange-listed firms (DSE). The research used mixed methods with an explanatory sequential design on 21 publicly traded firms from 2006 to 2021. DSE and annual reports were mined for data. Interviews produced qualitative information. Using the Random Effect model with three estimates (1, 2, 3) and theme analysis, quantitative and qualitative data were analysed. Analysis revealed that CSR disclosure has a significant positive effect on firm profitability measured by ROA and ROE. Findings signify   legitimacy and stakeholder theory in relation to CSR disclosure practices. CSR disclosure benefits the image, business, and public trust of a firm, as well as its sales. Managers should encourage CSR for image and commercial enhancement.  Community and the firm rely on one another. CSR disclosure enhances community-business connections. The mixed study design, new control variables, and paucity of literature on the relationship between CSR disclosure and corporate profitability in east Africa contribute to the originality of this research.
Iklim Kelas di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping
Authors: Sari Gelmala , Gistituati Nurhizrah
Published: April 2023

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang iklim kelas di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping sebanyak 106 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan stratified propotional random sampling, yaitu teknik menentukan sampel dengan rumus slovin dan hasil penjumlahan yaitu 106 orang. Instrument penelitian ini berupa angket dengan model skala Likert. Angket yang digunakan sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 20. Teknik analisis data pada peneltiian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Setelah diperiksa validitas dan reliabilitas, dikumpulkan data dan dianalisis menggunakan rumus rata-rata, dan setelah mendapatkan hasil dari data yang diolah akan diketahui skor rata-rata dan tingkat capain responden (TCR) setiap sub variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim kelas di SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping pada dimensi hubungan dilihat dari indikator kekompakan skor rata-rata 4,49 dengan TCR 89,96% yang berada pada kategori kondusif dan keterlibatan dengan skor rata-rata 4,23 dengan TCR 84,6% yang berada pada kategori kondusif, pada dimensi pertumbuhan/perkembangan pribadi siswa dilihat dari indikator kecepatan dengan skor rata-rata 4,42 dengan TCR 88,5% dengan kategori kondusif dan kesulitan dengan skor rata-rata 4,3 dengan TCR 85,9% dengan kategori kondusif, pada dimensi perubahan dan perbaikan sistem dilihat dari indikator demokrasi dengan skor rata-rata 4,46 dengan TCR 89,2% dengan kategori kondusif, dan kejelasan aturan dengan skor rata-rata 4,44 dengan TCR 88,8% dengan kategori kondusif, dan pada dimensi lingkungan fisik dilihat dari indikator kelengkapan sumber skor rata-rata 4,27 dengan TCR 85,5% dengan kategori kondusif dan kenyamanan lingkungan fisik dengan skor rata-rata 4,31 dengan TCR 86,1% dengan kategori kondusif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan iklim kelas di SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Sikaping dengan kategori kondusif dengan skor rata-rata 4,37 dan TCR 87,3%
Persepsi Guru tentang Peran Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Leader di SMK Negeri 1 Sutera
Authors: Silvi Yunita Silvi Yunita , Kadri Hanif Al
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui persepsi guru tentang peran kepala sekolah sebagai leader dalam : 1) membina, 2) memberi teladan, 3) memberi bantuan kepada guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya di sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dengan Skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi guru tentang peran kepala sekolah sebagai leader adalah; 1) membina guru dengan capaian 4,37 berada pada kriteria baik, 2) memberi teladan bagi guru dengan capaian 4,30 berada pada kriteria baik, 3) memberi bantuan kepada guru dengan capaian 4,27 berada pada kriteria baik, jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran kepala sekolah sebagai leader di SMK Negeri 1 Sutera menurut persepsi guru dengan skor 4,31 berada pada kriteria baik.
The Relationship between the principal servant leadership and school productivity at madrasah aliyah in west sumbawa
Authors: Zulfikar Ahmad , Akhairuddidn Akhairuddidn
Published: April 2023

Schools can be said to be productive if the output has increased and shows positive developments, schools must not stagnate in a comfort zone with low productivity, among the factors that correlate with the productivity of schools is the leadership factor in this case is serving leadership (servant leadership). The purpose of this study was to examine how big the correlation between the variable or servant leadership principal on the variabel of school productivity. In this study using a quantitative approach with a survey method, the total population was 121 respondents consisting of principals and teachers in 5 units of madrasah aliyah in west Sumbawa district, a sampel of 54 was chosen using the proportional stratified random sampling technique using the formula from Solvin, while the data collection instrument used a questionnaire, and the construct cronbach alpha technique, after that analysis requirements test was carried out with normality and linearity tests, then the data analysis used descriptive statistical methods and the Pearson product moment correlation test with help spss 21.00. The results of this study indicate that the significance value is 0.000 ≤ 0.05 with the Pearson correlation value of 0.643 which mean the degree of relationship is in the category of strong correlation, so it can be concluded that there is significant positive correlation between the variabel of servant leadership principal on school productivity at madrasah aliyah in the district of west Sumbawa.
Pemeliharaan Sarana dan Prasarana Sekolah di SMK Negeri Padang
Authors: Putri Vania Adza , Syahril Syahril
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah di SMK Negeri Padang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui informasi mengenai pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI dan XII di SMK Negeri Padang yang berjumlah 831 siswa, penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik stratified proportional random sampling, besar sampel adalah 92 siswa. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Instrumen adalah model Skala Likert yang telah dilakukan uji coba menggunakaan aplikasi SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil pengolahan data tersebut diperoleh skor rata-rata persepsi siswa terhadap pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah di SMK Negeri Padang di lihat dari 1) pemeliharaan sehari-hari memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,48 dengan kategori baik, 2) pemeliharaan berkala memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,29 dengan kategori baik, 3) pemeliharaan insidentil memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,34 dengan kategori baik, 4) pemeliharaan preventif memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,56 dengan kategori sangat baik. Secara keseluiruhan pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana sekolah di SMK Negeri Padang berada pada kategori baik dengan skor rata-rata 4,42.
PRINT AND ONLINE NEWS REVIEWS DURING 2021 THAT INFLUENCE THE INDONESIAN DEMOCRACY INDEX IN BLITAR CITY
Authors: Achmad Zainal Abidin , Alamiyah Syifa Syarifah , Wahyudi Agus , Anita Dinda Rizki , Pakpahan Vieri Samuel Juliando
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze news content in print and online media during 2021, which affects the Indonesian Democracy Index in Blitar City. The research subjects are news from January 1 to December 31, 2021, from the print media Radar Blitar and Memorandum, as well as online media from Bhirawa.com and Mayangkaranews.com. These four media have the highest number of readers in Blitar City. This study uses a qualitative method with a textual analysis approach and collects data through virtual searches, clippings, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. All Informants were determined based on the representation of the institutions contained in the measurement of the Indonesian Democracy Index. The results of a review of print and online news media during 2021 show that civil liberties, political rights, and democratic institutions in Blitar City show excellent performance.
BETWEEN CLIENTELISM AND PATRIMONIALISM: LOCAL POLITICS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA
Authors: Komarudin Ujang , Pramuji Pitut
Published: April 2023

Erik Kuhonta, a Southeast Asian expert, describe in his article on institution of the states in Southeast Asia that among the spectrum of clientelism and regal-rational bureaucracy, only Singapore and Malaysia could be considered as having an administrative system of rule and law based – of administrative state – the closest to being labeled as legal-rational bureaucracy. Among others he observed, the Philippines is categorized as a patrimonial system, whilst Thailand and Indonesia are recognized as in the middle, with some patrimonial practices still occurring but functioning bureaucracy legal system. This study tries to find the answer to these questions: How do the clientelism and patrimonialism practices in democratized Indonesia and the Philippines local politics? The study concludes that both in Indonesia and the Philippines patronage politics is very much marring the democratization process, economic development, welfare parity, and bureaucratic reform through practices of various kinds of clientelistics approach. Democratization is not a strategy for the elimination of clientelism and patrimonialism, moreover we see meritocratic and Weberian legal-rational bureaucracy still existing in countries with clientelism and patronage politics, such as Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, or in countries that do not need full-fledge democracy, such as Singapore and Malaysia. We could even see clientelism being regulated in more developed democracy. This study shows that in countries that has clientelism practices yet do not have the effect of corruption and could manage poverty reduction program has society of better economic welfare and higher education background.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP AS POLITICAL WILL TO PERFORM A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION IN THE CITY OF TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Hasanah Hasanah , Oktariani Dwi , Gani Nur Asni , Priharta Andry
Published: April 2023

An organization is a place for several people or groups who carry out activities calling for goals with profit and non-profit plans. Organizational development, both profit and non-profit, requires a leader who can show his political will to run the organization. A leader in a non-profit organization still needs to pay attention to the interests of the members and those served. This study discusses servant leadership as political will in running non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia. The method used is qualitative, with a case study in a non-profit organization in the South Tangerang area. The study involved four informants with focus group discussions. Each informant stated the questions submitted. This study looks at five categories of servant leadership or servant leadership as the political will to run non-profit organizations, through the categories of servant leadership namely (1) delegation, (2) integrity, (3) motivation, (4) human resource development, (5) Remembering to communicate, that leaders in non-profit organizations in South Tangerang City are politically aware that servant leadership is a form of self-will in running an organization. Leaders in non-profit organizations are passionate about developing teams and meeting members’ needs in a disinterested organization, not for the personal needs of a leader.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГУМАНИТАРНОГО ПОЗНАНИЯ: ОТ ПОЗИТИВИЗМА К ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УЧЕНИЯ О ПОТЕНЦИЯХ В ТРАКТАТЕ В.В. РОЗАНОВА «О ПОНИМАНИИ»)
Authors: АРОВ Ярослав Игоревич
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматривается один из вариантов решения проблемы статуса гуманитарного познания с позиции герменевтики, представленный в учении о потенциях В.В. Розанова. Автор обращает внимание на особенности позиций субъекта и объекта в структуре «наук о духе», рассматривая их, согласно концепции В.В. Розанова, как со-причастное единство потенций разума, задающих цель, ценности и смыслы понимания, и потенций вещей, являющихся эмпирическим материалом, которому разум дает форму как объекту исследования. В заключении статьи автор приходит к выводу о пользе исторических примеров развития герменевтики для ведения современных эпистемологических дискуссий о статусе гуманитарного познания.
Calculating Parameters for Se and Tin Plasmas Produced by Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser
Authors: Saeed Zahraa A. , Aadim Kadhim A.
Published: April 2023

In this study, the plasma formed by the preparation of Se and Tin (Sn) using a Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm in air, which was then studied using the technique of optical emission spectrum, was presented (OES).The laser-induced plasma parameters such an electron temperature (Te) were identified using two-ratio methods, using Stark broadening methods to determine the density of electrons (ne). According to the findings, there is a correlation between the amount of laser energy that is applied and the increase in the emission intensity of the spectral lines. In the case of Se plasma, an increase in laser energy causes a rise in the temperature of the electrons. While increasing the temperature of the electrons by increasing the amount of laser energy, the temperature of the Sn plasma gradually lowers. By increasing the laser energy, the electron density of both selenium (Se) and tin (Sn) can be increased. In addition, the parameters of the plasma were discovered. Such parameters as the Debye length (λD), plasma frequency (Fp), and Debye Number (ND).
Estimation and Distribution of Some Heavy Metals in Urban Soils at Kufa, Najaf Governorate: An Environmental Geochemistry Research
Authors: Muslim Ruaa I. , Al-Ankaz Zinah S. , Al-Owaidi Mohanad R. A.
Published: April 2023

Kufa, considered one of the important cities in Iraq, is facing a rapid increase in population proportion and urban development in buildings and industry. Therefore, the concentration of several hazardous heavy metals is the main focus of this study. It presents the distribution and Estimation of heavy metals in urban lands in the Kufa area as an environmental geochemical study. Twenty samples of urban surface soils were collected in many sites to determine concentrations, distribution, and contamination of elements Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Th, U, Pb, Hf, Nb, and Fe. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were compared with the local studies, UCC guidelines, and the world reference. To distinguish anthropogenic pollution, EF and Igeo guides were calculated. The obtained results established that contamination in Kufa soil land was slightly polluted by U (2.83ppm) and Nb (10.81ppm) and moderately polluted by Pb (31.7ppm) and Hf (9.75ppm). The research revealed that the reason for the elevation in the lead in the Kufa soil is that it often suffers from severe vehicle overcrowding during religious occasions.
Reliability of Stress - Strength and Its Estimation of Exponentiated Q-Exponential Distribution
Authors: Jalal Mohammed. S. , Batah Feras Sh. M.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we study a single stress-strength reliability system   , where Ƹ and ƴ are independently Exponentiated q-Exponential distribution. There are a few traditional estimating approaches that are  derived, namely  maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the Bayes (BE) estimators of R. A wide mainframe simulation is used to compare the performance of the proposed estimators using MATLAB program. A simulation study show that the Bayesian estimator is the best estimator than other estimation method under consideration using two criteria such as the “mean squares error (MSE)” and “mean absolutely error (MAPE)”.
Numerical Study of Compressible and Weak Compressible Flows in Channel Based on Artificial Compressibility Method and Fully Artificial Compressibility Method
Authors: Mohammed Fatima A. , Al-Muslimawi Alaa H.
Published: April 2023

In this article, a numerical study of compressible and weak compressible Newtonian flows is achieved for a time marching, Galerkin algorithm. A comparison between two numerical techniques for such flows, namely the artificial compressibility method (AC–method) and the fully artificial compressibility method (FAC–method) is performed. In the first artificial compressibility parameter (  is added to the continuity equation, while this parameter is added to both continuity and momentum equations in the second technique. This strategy is implemented to treat the governing equations of Newtonian flow in cylindrical coordinates (axisymmetric). Particularly, this study concerns with the effect of the artificial compressibility parameters on the convergence level of solutions components. To confirm the analysis of these approaches, Poiseuille flow along a circular channel under an isothermal state is used as a simple test problem. The results show that when the AC-method is used there is a significant reduction in the level of time convergence of pressure and axial velocity compared to that with FAC-method. Here, for compressible flow the Tail model of state is employed to relate the pressure to density. In this context, the effect of Tail parameters and Reynolds number on the time convergence of solution components is also investigated in the present study. The results indicate a significant reduction in the time-stepping convergence as increasing in the {B,m}-value. In contrast, more difficulties are faced in the convergence when the level of the Reynolds number is increasing.
Constructing a Digital Certificate Authentication System for Classified Documents
Authors: Shaker Saif Ahmed , Nasir Ayad Ghazi , Ali Faez Hassan
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new digital authentication certification system to keep the classified documents' information safe. The proposed system is a steganography system divided into two subsystems, the first subsystem is responsible for embedding the information about the person, and it works in the main foundation that issues the documents, while the second subsystem is found in the beneficiary directorates to extract the true information of the person.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Deep Learning: An Overview
Authors: Al-Atroshi Salar Jamal Abdulhameed , Ali Abbas M.
Published: April 2023

Recognizing facial expressions and emotions is a basic skill that is learned at an early age and it is important for human social interaction. Facial expressions are one of the most powerful natural and immediate means that humans use to express their feelings and intentions. Therefore, automatic emotion recognition based on facial expressions become an interesting area in research, which had been introduced and applied in many areas such as security, safety health, and human machine interface (HMI). Facial expression recognition transition from controlled environmental conditions and their improvement and succession of recent deep learning approaches from different areas made facial expression representation mostly based on using a deep neural network that is generally divided into two critical issues. These are a variation of expression and overfitting. Expression variations such as identity bias, head pose, illumination, and overfitting formed as a result of a lack of training data. This paper firstly discussed the general background and terminology utilized in facial expression recognition in field of computer vision and image processing. Secondly, we discussed general pipeline of deep learning. After that, for facial expression recognition to classify emotion there should be datasets in order to compare the image with the datasets for classifying the emotion. Besides that we summarized, discussed, and compared illustrated various recent approaches of researchers that have used deep techniques as a base for facial expression recognition, then we briefly presented and highlighted the classification of the deep feature. Finally, we summarized the most critical challenges and issues that are widely present for overcoming, improving, and designing an efficient deep facial expression recognition system.
Wallet Key Generation for a Generic Blockchain based on Speech
Authors: Rashid Asmaa , Fleih Asia Ali, Nidaa
Published: April 2023

As a new technology, blockchain provides the necessary capabilities to assure data integrity and data security through encryption. Mostly, all existing algorithms that provide security rely on the process of discovering a suitable key. Hence, key generation is considered the core of powerful encryption. This paper uses Zernike moment and Mersenne prime numbers to generate strong prime numbers by extracting the features from biometrics (speech). This proposed system sends these unique and strong prime numbers to the RSA algorithm to generate the keys. These keys represent a public address and a private key in a cryptocurrency wallet that is used to encrypt transactions. The benefit of this work is that it provides a high degree of protection to secure personal user transactions by creating secure keys that can be used for insecure channels.
Spatiotemporal Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Technique in Babel-Iraq
Authors: Atiyah Hiba Akram , Khazael Sajaa M. , Makhool Assel Qaddoori
Published: April 2023

Drought is one of the most natural hazards that may harm human life and property under different weather and environmental conditions. This study used remote sensing data to monitor agricultural and meteorological drought in Babel Governorate. Drought maps were drawn using Landsat 8 images based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 2015, 2018, and 2021. The meteorological drought was assessed using a standardized precipitation index (SPI 12) for the same years. The results showed that the SPI-12 indicated near-normal drought types in 2015 and 2018, whereas SPI values showed a lower value in 2021. Two drought categories were identified which were moderate drought and severe drought. The NDVI results showed that the vegetation area decreased in 2021 by 9 % in comparison to 2015. This result could help the government planners to develop and manage the drought impacts.
Treatment Missing Data of Daily and Monthly Air Temperature in Iraq by Using Mean Method
Authors: Yassen Ali Hamid , Abdul Kareem Asraa Khtan
Published: April 2023

Frequent data in weather records is essential for forecasting, numerical model development, and research, but data recording interruptions may occur for various reasons. So, this study aims to find a way to treat these missing data and know their accuracy by comparing them with the original data values. The mean method was used to treat daily and monthly missing temperature data. The results show that treating the monthly temperature data for the stations (Baghdad, Hilla, Basra, Nasiriya, and Samawa) in Iraq for all periods (1980-2020), the percentage for matching between the original and the treating values did not exceed (80%). So, the period was divided into four periods.  It was noted that most of the congruence values increased, reached in summer (70%-100%), and decreased somewhat in winter. While the daily treatment using the mean method for the stations Baghdad and Basra (2010-2020), it turns out that most of the congruence values in the summer ranged (70%-100%), but in winter, the congruence is often decreased. Therefore, this method gives high accuracy when treating monthly and daily temperatures in summer and less in winter.
The Purpose of Crimination Against Perpetrators and Victims in the Perspective of Restorative Justice
Authors: Hariyanto Hariyanto , Adhayanto Oksep , Shalihah Fihtriatus
Published: April 2023

Indonesia implements a punishment system that refers to the absolute theory or theory of retaliation and retributive flow, namely the imposition of punishment is an absolute consequence that must exist as a retaliation to people who have committed crimes so that the basis for justifying the imposition of punishment lies in the existence of the crime itself. Restorative justice is in principle an approach that is used to resolve problems outside the court by mediation or deliberation in achieving justice expected by the parties. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the benefits of restorative justice in the criminal law enforcement process. This research is a type of normative legal research. The approach method used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Sources of research data are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results of this study, the restorative justice approach is suitable as a punishment goal and is beneficial in reducing the accumulation of cases and the negative stigma of imprisonment. Restorative justice is the settlement of criminal cases involving perpetrators, victims, families of perpetrators/ victims, and other related parties to jointly seek a fair solution by emphasizing restoration to its original state, and not retaliation. Restorative justice is a subsystem of punishment where other subsystems are interconnected and work to achieve benefits. The principle of restorative justice is that victims get compensation for those who suffer losses, peace and agreements that can restore the victim's condition.
Project-based Learning in Teaching Subtitling Course at English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Ismailia Titik
Published: April 2023

This paper aimed to describe the implementation of project-based learning in teaching subtitling course of English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember. Project-based learning is an approach in classroom that is designed to engage students to do deep investigation on complex and authentic problem then making products. It is a kind of method that uses problems as a first step in collecting and integrating new knowledge based on experience in real activity. The steps are; (1) driving questions; (2) focus on learning goals; (3) scientific practices; (4) collaborative activities; (5) learning technology scaffold; (6) creation of artifact. After finishing the whole activities, all students were able to produce a video subtitling in 5 to 7 minutes long. It also helped them to work effectively and do collaborative work with their peers.
Students’ Perspectives on Extensive Listening Through YouTube
Authors: Binarkaheni Suyik , Ismailia Titik , Rahmanita Meiga
Published: April 2023

The paper reports a case study method exploring the perceptions of 10 students enrolling a listening class in terms of their experience when taking extensive listening, primarily by using YouTube. A closed-ended questionnaire was delivered and FGD through a semi-structured interview was utilized as a datacollecting method. The results of exploring the students’ perspectives indicated that: (1) they can do extensive listening via YouTube to improve their listening fluency anytime and anywhere; (2) they can learn the pronunciation of new vocabulary and grammar through extensive listening; (3) they can pertain the topic of aural text from context; (4) the speed change function and the subtitle function is occasionally used to solve their confusion on new phrases; (5) some commercials may be as information to support their English learning; (6) they find an unreliable or unstable internet connection in some cases. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers set the teaching and learning activities and environment that can encourage students to experience extensive listening. Besides, it is also suggested that the institution management provide good Internet accessibility in the teaching and learning environment.
Tackling submental fat – A review of management strategies
Authors: Arora Gulhima , Shirolikar Manasi
Published: April 2023

The fullness in the submental region due to fat is associated with low self-esteem and negative perception of oneself. It is responsible for what is colloquially called the “Double chin.” Associated with an aging neck, weight gain, or genetics, it is an area many-a-time resistant to improvement with diet and exercise. The submentalcervical angle is an important parameter to determine facial attractiveness. An obliteration of the same due to an increase in neck volume as due to skin laxity, excessive fat, loss of muscle tone, submandibular gland hypertrophy, or the skeletal framework of the mentum and jaw, leads to an unattractive profile. Tackling the submental fat due to its easy approachability is a treatment sought for by a large demographic who want to put their best, sculpted jaw forward in pictures in this “selfie-era.” There are several modalities to address the excess fat in the submental area and this is a short review on the management strategies for the same. An overview of the anatomy is also presented to understand the dynamics of the structures involved.
Management of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia with Electrophysiology Study and Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Juneja Manish , Raut Pankaj , Lohkare Milind , Ramteke Harshawardhan Dhanraj , Walke Vaishnavi Jayant , Bhatia Sakshi
Published: April 2023

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) describes the narrow zone of tachycardia. PSVT can diagnose with electrocardiography, but most specifically, it can be diagnosed by electrophysiology study (EPS) and further treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Management of PSVT with RFA significantly reduces the reoccurrence of PSVT episodes in future. In the following case, presentation series of three cases will be used for creating panorama of existing knowledge of PSVT, along with diagnostic approach through EPS, and finally, the use of RFA as a treatment method will be demonstrated. Furthermore, development of patient-oriented concepts of PSVT management will be discussed.
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Salkar Akanksha Amit
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

To determine the efficacy of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. The neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood has been studied as a systemic inflammatory marker and various studies have shown that it is a valid prognostic factor in various solid tumours and other chronic diseases such as lung, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Emerging evidences suggested that peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a marker of systemic inflammation. Furthermore, NLR has shown good predictive values on progression and clinical outcomes in Covid-19 severity. Our study aims at evaluating whether NLR can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19.

Material and Methods:

This was a retrospective study done from January 2021 to August 2021 in Breach candy hospital Mumbai. A group of 100 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection hospitalised in our centre were retrospectively analysed. COVID-19 diagnosis was performed via RTPCR from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. For each patient, demographic data, clinical history, laboratory tests specially CBC and treatment measures during hospitalisation were collected.

Results:

NLR can be used to determine on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID infection.

Conclusion:

Evaluating NLR can help clinicians identify potentially severe cases early, conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time, which may reduce the overall mortality of COVID-19.
Post-COVID Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Unmasking Prediabetes: A Case Report
Authors: Kamath Anjali , Mishra Gyanshankar , Munje Radha , Atram Jitesh
Published: April 2023

Multiple complications during and following COVID-19 infection are being reported worldwide. The most serious and life-threatening are thromboembolism and invasive fungal diseases. We report a post-COVID-19 case with complications of fungal infection of the lungs and pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertension and unmasking prediabetes. A 53-year-old male patient presented with complaints of cough, fever, exertional breathlessness for 15 days, chest pain and hoarseness of voice for 7 days. He had a prior history of COVID 10 months earlier and no comorbidities. On further investigation by computed pulmonary tomography angiography, bronchoscopy and other investigations, the patient was found to have pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary artery hypertension. He was treated with amphotericin B for 21 days and anticoagulants for 6 months. He had significant clinical and radiological improvement with the resolution of the embolism. The crucial factors for successful care in post-COVID-19 immune-suppressed patients include a high index of suspicion, early use of adequate diagnostic tests helped by antifungal medications, anticoagulants and control of risk factors such as hyperglycaemia.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME NEW NITRONES DERIVATIVES AND SCREENING THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Jihad Haji Mohammed  , Nabaz Abdulmajeed Mohammad Salih
Published: April 2023

Synthetic approached towards the synthesis of some novel nitrones derivatives have been started with reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives as starting material bearing electron withdrawing and electron donating groups to corresponding phenylhydroxylamine in presence of zinc dust as reducing agent in aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The prepared phenylhydroxylamine derivatives were reacted with different substituted benzaldehydes to give the target derivatives of nitrone. The structures of the synthesized nitrones were characterized by spectroscopic methods FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. Finally, the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their microorganism activities at different concentration, and inhibited growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Gram negative, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Gram positive, and fungi (candida albicans).
Geological and Morphometric Characteristics of Quaternary Pyroclastic Aquifers in Salak and Pangrango Stratovolcano.
Authors: Nugraha Bayu , Mohammad Ghozi  , Arif Fadillah  , Azwar Satrya Muhammad  , Teuku Yan Waliyana Muda Iskandarsyah  , Nathalie Dörfliger  , Valérie Plagnes  , Hendarmawan Hendarmawan
Published: April 2023

Indonesia is located in a subduction zone formed by the collision of continental and oceanic plates. Many volcanoes form as a result of these conditions along the arc. Springs on the volcano's slopes are widely used for domestic, irrigation, and industry water use. Investigating the characteristics of aquifers and springs is essential to ensure groundwater sustainability by providing a robust geological framework. Meanwhile, groundwater in a volcanic geological setting has good quality characteristics because of its occurrence process, which interacts with many minerals in pyroclastic rocks that act as aquifers. The study area is located in the Lido Catchment Area (LCA), which is situated between two distinct volcanic slopes. Geological and morphometric analysis at LCA is the basis of important information relating to its hydrogeological systems. The analysis of thin rock sections and parameters of the physical properties of water in groundwater springs supports our research. We applied a comprehensive geological and morphometric analysis to obtain detailed information about the aquifer. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of aquifers in pyroclastic rocks and their relationship to the formation of springs. From the research conducted, the characteristic of water can be distinguished based on the geological conditions of its constituents. There are 6 different lithological characteristics in the study area: polymictic breccia, monomictic breccia, lapilli, lapilli tuff, coarse tuff, and fine tuff. From the lithology variations obtained, breccia, lapilli, and coarse tuff can play a good role as aquifers. Geological correlations and groundwater systems in the study area show groups of superficial, mixed, and alteration springs. The system of water flows in aquifers through inter-grains or rock fractures. The types of springs in LCA are dominated by depression and fracture types. These results are fundamental information for understanding hydrogeological systems in future volcanic geological settings.
De l’interprétation figurale chez Auerbach à la pratique du montage
Authors: Karra Marilena
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to approach the question of the figure as a temporal multitude and method of image analysis, which is inherently related to the practice of montage. By returning to the philological work of Erich Auerbach, who explores the double meaning of the figura, in other words, its conceptual ambivalence, we will try to consider how this concept is transformed into a category of historical time. We will explore this problematic through the following gestures: on the one hand, the critical analysis of Auerbach’s work on figural interpretation and, on the other hand, the commentary of some sequences of Pier Paolo Pasolini’s The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964) and Jean-Luc Godard’s Histoire(s) du cinéma (1988-1998) as indicative paradigms of a movement directed by the relationships of figures whose function resembles that of the fragmentary thought that operates the montage.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COURSES AT THE MATHLAUL ANWAR UNIVERSITY IN THE CHARACTER FORMING OF PANCASILAIS STUDENTS
Authors: Munawaroh Tatu
Published: April 2023

This study discusses Education and learning activities are the basis of human existence, so humans cannot be separated from teaching and learning activities. This study aims to determine Pancasila character education in teaching materials to shape students' civic character. The research design uses a qualitative approach and the method used is a case study. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Testing the validity of the data with the extension of observation and triangulation. Processing and analysis of technical data using data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results show that Pancasila values are integrated in the teaching materials of students and form the character of citizens who are religious, humanitarian, national unity, populist and deliberative or democracy, and social justice. Keywords: Character Education, Pancasila, Citizenship.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Postpartum Hemorrhage in Twin Pregnancy
Authors:   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, JS Zheng , Y Wang ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, S Xu ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, HJ Hong ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, WJ Sun ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, G Xin ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, J Xiao ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, FZ Hong ,   The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
Published: April 2023

Objective: To explore the factors affecting postpartum hemorrhage in twin pregnancy. Methods: The clinical data of 839 twin pregnancy patients who delivered at the Second Hospital of Shandong University from May 2010 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the amount of postpartum hemorrhage, patients were divided into postpartum hemorrhage group (PPH group) and non- PPH group. The basic population information and clinical data during pregnancy were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 839 women with twin pregnancy were included in this study, and hemorrhage occurred in 11% (n=96). The Binary logistic regression model predicts the risk of factor of postpartum hemorrhage in twin pregnancy: gestation week of delivery, placenta previa, polyhydramnios, acute delivery, anemia, placental adhesions and DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation). Conclusions: There are many factors that affect postpartum hemorrhage in twin pregnancy. Choosing the right gestational week for delivery, strengthening pregnancy management, and improving pregnancy complications can reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in twin pregnancy.
Initial steps in the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase on alkaline metal anodes studied by ab initio simulations
Authors: Stottmeister Daniel , Gross Axel
Published: April 2023

The transition from lithium-based energy storage to post lithium systems plays a crucial part in achieving an environmentally sustainable energy infrastructure. Prime candidates for the replacement of lithium are sodium and potassium batteries. Despite being critical to battery performance, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation process for Na and K batteries remains insufficiently understood, especially compared to the well-established lithium systems. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we study the first steps of SEI formation upon the decomposition of typical solvent molecules on lithium, sodium and potassium metal anodes. We find that two dominant products form during the early SEI formation of cyclical carbonates on alkali metal anodes, carbon monoxide and alkali-carbonate. The carbonate-producing reaction is thermodynamically favorable for all tested metals, however, Na and K exhibit a much stronger selectivity than Li towards carbonate formation. Furthermore, we propose a previously unknown reaction mechanism for the CO polymerization on metallic lithium.