bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceso y apropiación del agua en comunidades rurales pobres de Argentina central. Transformaciones y conflictos
Authors: Cáceres Daniel M. , Rodríguez-Bilella Pablo
Published: November 2016

Basado en un estudio de caso en Argentina central, esta investigación formula conceptualizaciones tendientes a comprender las estrategias de apropiación del agua rural; asimismo, analiza cómo las recientes transformaciones socioproductivas influyen en su apropiación y, finalmente, discute sus probables consecuencias sociales. Los resultados sugieren que el avance de la expansión del capitalismo agrario debilita la autonomía de los campesinos y pobladores pobres para acceder al agua con fines de consumo humano o productivo. Esto consolida la posición subordinada de los pobres rurales y la inequidad estructural de estos territorios, aumentando su vulnerabilidad ante prácticas clientelares. Por su parte, los productores capitalizados son más exitosos al apropiarse del agua rural.
Algunas consideraciones sobre las transformaciones actuales de las finanzas locales en Francia
Authors: Astudillo-Moya Marcela
Published: November 2016

En el análisis de las transformaciones actuales de las finanzas locales en Francia, realizado en este artículo, destaca la importancia de la administración pública local. Con base en el método hipotético-deductivo se concluye que uno de los desafíos a los que debe hacer frente el futuro de la hacienda local en Francia es el de garantizar un crecimiento estable en un territorio cohesionado, para lo que se requiere de una distribución de fuentes impositivas coordinada con la administración pública central, de tal manera que las colectividades locales cuenten con autonomía de decisión.
Discriminación salarial de la mujer en el mercado laboral de México y sus regiones
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Reyna Elizabeth , Castro-Lugo David
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las remuneraciones salariales por sexo, determinar la brecha y discriminación que existe en México y regiones con respecto a la materia, empleando la descomposición Oaxaca-Blinder y la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano (eneu) 2000-2004. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias salariales por sexo a favor de los hombres y más de 85% de estas desigualdades se vinculan con la discriminación. Por regiones existe un comportamiento heterogéneo con oscilaciones entre 15 y 25% y discriminación que tiende a converger en 20%, con excepción de la capital que se ubica en 13 por ciento.
Estudiar la migración indígena. Itinerarios de vida de trabajadores agrícolas en el noroeste mexicano
Authors: Velasco-Ortiz Laura
Published: November 2016

La presente investigación es un ejercicio metodológico en el cual se analizan las múltiples lógicas que definen la movilidad y la migración de poblaciones indígenas, cuyas vidas se interrelacionan con el desarrollo de los mercados de trabajo agrícola de exportación y la creación de nuevas regiones en la frontera norte de México. El análisis de dicha movilidad parte de entrevistas biográficas, lo cual nos permite observar a partir de qué condiciones se suscita el desplazamiento de los jornaleros y la migración, así como el proceso de asentamiento en nuevos lugares.
Sustentabilidad y economía: la controversia de la valoración ambiental
Authors: Haro-Martínez Alma Angelina , Taddei-Bringas Isabel Cristina
Published: November 2016

En el tema del desarrollo sustentable una controversia fundamental es la asignación de valor a bienes y servicios ambientales. La economía lo aborda desde dos perspectivas: el enfoque tradicional neoclásico (economía ambiental) y otra, más integral, donde confluyen distintas ciencias (economía ecológica). Este trabajo ofrece una revisión crítica de la teoría económica convencional asociada al desarrollo sustentable, asimismo, destaca la necesidad de asignar valores a los servicios ambientales para una mejor toma de decisiones, en la que se consideren las preferencias individuales y las sociales, con lo que avanzaría hacia las metas centrales del desarrollo sustentable: eficiencia económica, justicia social y sustentabilidad ecológica.
Confianza y capital social:evidencia para México
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-CÁRDENAS RUBÉN , AYALA-GAYTÁN EDGARDO ARTURO , AGUAYO-TÉLLEZ ERNESTO
Published: November 2016

Desde la perspectiva económica la confianza entre los miembros de una sociedad está asociada al funcionamiento eficiente de los mercados, al reforzamiento de contratos y, en general, a la capacidad para generar desarrollo y bienestar. En este artículo exploramos empíricamente los determinantes de la confianza en México, en particular, aislamos la relación entre dos medidas de capital social, una para el individuo y otra para su entorno. Nuestros resultados muestran que la confianza aumenta con estas medidas de capital social y con ausencia de segregación es mayor en comunidades pequeñas, a mayor edad y para habitantes del centro-occidente, entre otras.
Industrias culturales y crecimiento económico. Un modelo para el estudio del surgimiento de clusters creativos
Authors: AVILÉS-OCHOA EZEQUIEL , Canizalez-Ramírez Paola Marbella
Published: November 2016

El vínculo manifiesto entre economía y cultura revitaliza el interés en industrias culturales dado su conceptualización e implementación, no obstante, carecen de instrumentos correspondientes a su participación económica perceptible. Al retomar teorías de crecimiento endógeno y nueva geografía económica se propone un esquema de variables de industrias florecientes y un modelo de medición. Se encontró que Èstas se aglomeran en clusters creativos con un sistema de producción de economías internas, cuya motricidad depende del capital humano, especialización, consumo y variedad relacionada. Como corolario, el modelo determina que el crecimiento está en función de potencializar tales factores en procesos distintivos condicionantes.
Convergencia económica en la región sur de México: un análisis municipal durante el periodo 1990-2010
Authors: Kido-Cruz Antonio , Kido-Cruz María Teresa
Published: November 2016

El presente estudio pone a prueba la hipótesis de convergencia entre el crecimiento del ingreso per cápita y un nivel de ingreso inicial. Se generan diagramas de convergencia sigma y beta absoluta y se estima la ecuación de convergencia beta condicional en municipios de cuatro estados de México: Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán y Oaxaca, durante el periodo de 1990 al 2010, veinte años después de la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Los principales resultados sugieren evidencia que rechaza la hipótesis de convergencia absoluta y condicional durante el tiempo de estudio.
Redes sociales y Áreas Naturales Protegidas en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León
Authors: De la Mora-de la Mora Gabriela
Published: November 2016

A partir del análisis de las dinámicas de interacción entre actores sociales clave, vinculados a la gestión de las áreas naturales protegidas y a la protección de los servicios ambientales hidrológicos en la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey (ZMM), Nuevo León, se analizan las acciones que se llevan a cabo para lograr los objetivos de conservación. Se utiliza el análisis de redes para comprender la estructura y densidad de las relaciones sociales establecidas y su influencia en la definición de la gobernanza ambiental actual en la región, lo que permite destacar la existencia de alianzas estratégicas en materia de conservación y al mismo tiempo la falta de comunicación en otros sectores.
Influencia de la política de zonificación urbana en la localización industrial de la Ciudad de México, 1986-2014
Authors: Cruz-Muñoz Fermín Alí
Published: November 2016

A partir de las políticas neoliberales, el Estado ha tomado una posición pasiva en la planeación urbana; no obstante, en el caso mexicano la asignación de usos de suelo todavía tiene la atribución legal de orientar la localización de la industria en las urbes. Este estudio longitudinal y microespacial analizó la capacidad del gobierno local para determinar la distribución industrial en el área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, lo que evidenció una política de regularización legal del uso de suelo de los nodos de mayor producción. Este proceso muestra que la zonificación responde a una adecuación de la dinámica urbana, donde el gobierno reacciona ante la fuerza económica de las empresas que cuentan con mecanismos de presión política basados en su capacidad económica.
Contra el viento: regulación, crisis social y cambio institucional en el Corredor Eólico del Istmo
Authors: Grunstein-Dickter Miriam
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se analizan las fallas de regulación que agravan el conflicto entre los habitantes rurales y las empresas desarrolladoras del proyecto eólico de Gas Natural Fenosa (GNF), Bií Hioxo en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar los efectos, principalmente sociales, así como las fallas institucionales que impiden una evolución normativa que proponga beneficios para las comunidades en las que habrán de instalarse estas empresas. Finalmente, se hace un análisis de cómo la reforma energética de 2013, podría resolver el conflicto citado sin que este cambio normativo lo haya logrado.
¿Es la ciudad de México policéntrica? Nuevos datos y algoritmos para la detección de centralidades urbanas
Authors: Montejano-Escamilla Jorge Alberto
Published: November 2016

Con la emergencia de nuevos algoritmos para el análisis de redes y la aparición de bases de datos económicas desagregadas a nivel de unidad, se plantea un método distinto a los anteriormente reportados en la literatura especializada para detectar centralidades urbanas.La primera parte define la centralidad urbana y presenta una disertación teórica sobre la condición policéntrica. Posteriormente, se muestran los métodos anteriormente usados para la medición de las centralidades y se describen las nuevas herramientas empleadas en esta investigación. Finalmente, se presentan algunos resultados de este método aplicado como caso de estudio en la ciudad de México.
Fiestas transfronterizas y representaciones espaciales en la frontera México-Texas
Authors: Oliveras-González Xavier
Published: November 2016

En las localidades fronterizas se celebran eventos festivos de carácter transfronterizo donde se (re)producen dos representaciones espaciales opuestas, una de unidad transfronteriza y otra de separación fronteriza. En este trabajo se analiza el caso de la región del río Bravo/Grande en la frontera México-Estados Unidos, donde se celebran las “fiestas de las ciudades hermanas”. Entre las actividades programadas se incluye la “ceremonia del abrazo”, un acto diplomático realizado en los puentes internacionales. El actual endurecimiento legal, material y psicológico de la frontera ha afectado directamente a las fiestas, así como a las representaciones espaciales.
Grupos domésticos socialmente vulnerables en el borde sur de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Fernández-Silva Perla Yannelli , Ramírez-Velázquez Blanca Rebeca
Published: November 2016

Los últimos estudios sobre la relación campo-ciudad señalan la ruptura de la dicotomía entre lo rural y lo urbano. En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de un estudio con metodología cuantitativa aplicado a localidades del borde sur de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, donde se identi có la existencia de algunos grupos domésticos en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social dentro de espacios de transición entre lo urbano y lo rural. Esta vulnerabilidad se constituye a partir de características socioterritoriales que, en conjunto, condicionan las formas de reproducción social y territorial de los grupos en localidades de Milpa Alta, Tlalpan y Tláhuac.
Seguimiento al comportamiento del mercado de tierras rurales a través de un GIS, Santander Colombia
Authors: Lozano-Botache Ricardo
Published: November 2016

A pesar de los marcos legales, las iniciativas y acciones de política pública, los derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra siguen siendo usurpados o impedidos con métodos violentos en algunos países. Este trabajo de investigación desde el marco referencial de la Administración de Tierras, el neoinstitucionalismo y las herramientas computacionales sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), presenta un modelo de observatorio regional de precios, que por la secuencia de datos y calidad de proceso informático puede mantenerse  a través del tiempo como referente en  procesos agrarios,  de restitución de tierras a víctimas del despojo y en la ejecución  de proyectos de desarrollo social  o de infraestructuras productivas.
Uso del tiempo libre, jóvenes y delito en México
Authors: Arteaga Nelson , Gayet Cecilia , Alegría Alejandro
Published: November 2016

El artículo muestra que en México la exposición de los jóvenes a ser víctimas de un delito durante el uso de su tiempo libre depende de las actividades que realizan dentro o fuera del hogar, así como de sus estilos de vida; esta relación se encuentra mediada por variables sociodemográficas y adscripciones socioeconómicas. Las actividades en el tiempo libre se vinculan con la posición que ocupa la víctima en la estructura social, esto es, no son sólo las actividades que se realizan en el tiempo libre las que potencialmente definen los procesos de victimización, sino también quiénes las realizan.
Peritoneal Dialysis Access Revision in Children: Causes, Interventions, and Outcomes
Authors: Borzych-Duzalka Dagmara , Aki T. Fazil , Azocar Marta , White Colin , Harvey Elizabeth , Mir Sevgi , Adragna Marta , Serdaroglu Erkin , Sinha Rajiv , Samaille Charlotte , Vanegas Juan Jose , Kari Jameela , Barbosa Lorena , Bagga Arvind , Galanti Monica , Yavascan Onder , Leozappa Giovanna , Szczepanska Maria , Vondrak Karel , Tse Kei-Chiu , Schaefer Franz , Warady Bradley A. ,   for the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) Registry
Published: November 2016

Background and objectives

Little published information is available about access failure in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Our objectives were to evaluate frequency, risk factors, interventions, and outcome of peritoneal dialysis access revision.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Data were derived from 824 incident and 1629 prevalent patients from 105 pediatric nephrology centers enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network Registry between 2007 and 2015.

Results

In total, 452 access revisions were recorded in 321 (13%) of 2453 patients over 3134 patient-years of follow-up, resulting in an overall access revision rate of 0.14 per treatment year. Among 824 incident patients, 186 (22.6%) underwent 188 access revisions over 1066 patient-years, yielding an access revision rate of 0.17 per treatment year; 83% of access revisions in incident patients were reported within the first year of peritoneal dialysis treatment. Catheter survival rates in incident patients were 84%, 80%, 77%, and 73% at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk of access revision was associated with younger age (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95; P<0.001), diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.59; P=0.02), coexisting ostomies (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.87; P=0.01), presence of swan neck tunnel with curled intraperitoneal portion (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.63; P=0.02), and high gross national income (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.19; P=0.01). Main reasons for access revisions included mechanical malfunction (60%), peritonitis (16%), exit site infection (12%), and leakage (6%). Need for access revision increased the risk of peritoneal dialysis technique failure or death (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.65; P=0.003). Access dysfunction due to mechanical causes doubled the risk of technique failure compared with infectious causes (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.30; P=0.03).

Conclusions

Peritoneal dialysis catheter revisions are common in pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis and complicate provision of chronic peritoneal dialysis. Attention to potentially modifiable risk factors by pediatric nephrologists and pediatric surgeons should be encouraged.
Assimilationist Ideology and Minority Language Rights: The Case of Manchu Language Endangerment and Revitalization
Authors: Zhao Chuqiao
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the influence of assimilationist ideology and policies on the surprisingly severe
Manchu language endangerment via a social-historical analysis. Building on an examination of two
language policy models and four historical stages of minority language education since the
establishment of the People’s Republic of China, this study highlights the importance of viewing
Manchu language as minority language speakers’ necessary human rights. In order to emphasize
human agency considerations, this study also argues for the promising involvement of local educators
and communities in planning for Manchu language revitalization. Suggestions for ideological shifts
and implementational concerns are provided to address various sociopolitical and economic
constraints, and to empower Manchus to contest the historical injustice Manchus have experienced by
actively protecting their language rights and resources.
Vida consagrada: el reto de manifestar la belleza de Dios.
Authors: Gómez de Pedro María Esther
Published: November 2016

From Aquinas' doctrine on beauty, and the identification of three conditions that beautiful bodies possess: integrity, proportion and clarity, is seen the way that those aspects are present on the consecrated life - in Aquinas' doctrine as in the last Pope's teaching. The consecrated one, as is specially dedicated to the supreme aim of men, God, tends to carity's perfection, which, supported by grace, is predisposed and prepared with the practice of virtues, specially on gospel's advices. Virtues take obstacle to achieve the ends, and also dispose an order according to the own nature. From charity to God and from this order or proportion, come charity's works, which are an irradiation of the love living inside. That way, in consecrated life, perfection gives integrity, virtues guarantee proportion, as charity towards God, united to all mentioned before, irradiates the clarity and splendour of God's beauty, in the charity of fraternal an brotherly love.
Positive orientation: Exploring the factors that constitute the bright side of personality
Authors: Sobol-Kwapinska Malgorzata
Published: November 2016

Positive orientation is a general tendency to react to life experiences in a positive way. My aim in this article was to characterize the nature of positive orientation in the context of similar psychological variables. The importance of taking into account the sense of meaning in life
as an additional positive orientation variable has been highlighted, suggesting that the value in the concept of positive orientation lies in its focus on a general tendency to perceive life in a positive way. The choice of the factors that constitute positive orientation may raise objections,
but it may also encourage reflection and discussion.
Time series analysis of interaction between aggregate expenditure and job creation in South Africa
Authors: Habanabakize Thomas , Muzindutsi Paul-Francois
Published: November 2016

Jobs are the pillars of the economy and aggregate expenditure is among the key factor used to create an employment stimulating environment. This study scrutinizes the relationship between the component of aggregate expenditure and job creation in South Africa form 1995 to 2014. The Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and multivariate co-integration approach were employed to examine how household consumption, government, investment and export expenditures affect job creation in South Africa. Findings of this study revealed that there is long-run relationship between aggregate expenditure and job creation with government and investment expenditure being the key determinants of job creation in South Africa. Contrary to priori expectation, consumption and exports do not improve jobs creation in South Africa. In the short-run, there are no significant interactions between components of aggregate expenditure and job creation. This study provided recommendation that may assist in boosting job creation in South Africa.
Is EPA an obscure coercion? A critical reflection from the literature and agenda for research
Authors: Ngwakwe Collins
Published: November 2016

There is a preponderance of criticism in the literature about the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). This paper adopts a neutral stance to present some of these criticisms. The approach is a critical review that culminates in a suggested research agenda. A deduction from critical literature is critic’s censure of EU-ACP EPA apparent coercive posture, described as not meeting developmental expectations both in previous and current agreement. However, some literature avows that EU-ACP EPA has some benefits to EPA, but opines that institutional problems such as corruption in some ACP countries are a hindrance to the realisation of benefits from EPA. Accordingly, the paper suggests agenda for further research as follows: can it be conclusive that the ACP countries have not benefited from EU-ACP agreements thus far and how has corruption in the ACP countries hindered the realisation of intended benefits from EU-ACP agreements?
A conceptual competitive intelligence quality assurance model
Authors: Nenzhelele Tshilidzi Eric
Published: November 2016

Competitive Intelligence (CI) improves the quality of product and service, decision-making and it improves quality of life. However, it has been established that decision makers are not happy about the quality of CI. This is because enterprises fail in quality assurance of CI. It has been concluded that most enterprises are clueless concerning CI quality assurance. Studies that previously attempted to resolve CI quality problem were limited in scope and focused too much on the quality of information than the overall CI quality. The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual CI quality assurance model which will help in quality assurance of CI. The research was qualitative in nature and used content analysis.
A conceptual framework for detecting financial crime in mobile money transactions
Authors: Gombiro Cross , Jantjies Mmaki , Mavetera Nehemiah
Published: November 2016

Mobile money has made it possible for the unbanked to access financial service to areas previous not accessibly to traditional banking systems. Africa in particular, has indeed seen a growth in use of such services owing to the high penetration of mobile phones. While traditional banking services have been well regulated and secured, mobile money services are still new and vulnerable. Also, attacks and crimes targeting the internet, new technologies and new methods of payments have become sophisticated. This scenario requires novel proactive, real time techniques and solutions to detect financial crimes in mobile money transactions (MMT). The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 2012 requires mobile money to be subject for monitoring and for compliance. Payment systems have evolved from hard cash, to credit cards, debit cards and now to the M-money, there are several approaches that have been used to detect financial crime in platforms such as credit cards and in the traditional banking system. However, most of these approaches are not suitable for m-money methods. A conceptual framework for detection of mobile money financial crime is proposed. The framework incorporates data mining techniques, big data analytics, Know Your Customers, historical databases and a knowledge base among other things.
Legislative and policy frameworks for basic services: A South African comparative study
Authors: Choma Hlako , Ramphabana Peter
Published: November 2016

t is common course that equitable access to water and sanitation must be accordingly and primarily regarded as criteria for the realization of other several human rights, such as the right to life, dignity, health, food, adequate standard of living and education. Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is essential to the enjoyment of safety and environment that is not hazardous to human health. The lack of water and sanitation does not only hinder access to other available rights, but also magnifies the vulnerability of women, girls and people with disabilities. Water and sanitation services are of outmost important to the health and wellbeing of all people. South Africa is operating under one of the most outstanding legislative and policy frameworks for basic services in the world, including the Constitutional right of access to sufficient water and right to basic sanitation.
Emancipation, duty and the artistic subject
Authors: Matejic Bojana
Published: November 2016

In the ?Third Sketch for a Manifesto of Affirmationist Art? (?Troisi?me
esquisse d?une manifeste de l? affirmationnisme?), Badiou brings together the
concepts of Universality, the Senses and Duty in Art. The author will try to
reassess the concept of Duty in Badiou?s conception of Affirmationist Art,
examining the problems of, 1. How is an Emancipatory Art possible in the
context of the anti-humanist condition? and 2. What is the ontological and
epistemological status of an in-humanity as a fundamental presupposition of
human emancipation in Art? It will be argued that the artistic formalization
of the Subject(s) - which is ?impersonal and singular?, as Badiou asserts -
would not be possible without any human participation in the process of
subjectification towards human emancipation. The author will demonstrate how
it is possible to think the concept of Duty in the aesthetic realm, on the
basis of Badiou?s presupposition of the Subjective Universality of Art and
Zupancic?s reading of Lacanian theory.
Effect of the use of waste vegetable oil based biodiesel on the landscape in diesel engines
Authors: Bereczky Akos
Published: November 2016

Petroleum-based fuels are now widely known as environmentally unfriendly because of non-renewable supplies and its contribution to environmental pollution. The challenge, therefore is to ensure appropriate energy supplies at minimum cost. There is an increasing energy demand in the world and nowadays it can be fulfilled only on the basis of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to evolve a renewable energy source with lower environmental impact. One alternative solution can be oils of plant origin, like vegetable oils and non-edible oils. With waste vegetable oil methyl ester, biofuel dependency can be decreased. Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to analyze the economic and environmental effect of waste vegetable oil methyl ester compared to fossil fuels. In some cases only the age of vehicles could raise burdens to biofuel utilization in road vehicles. Transport and energy policy ? on a large scale ? can play an important role in fuel consumption. Author is aware that waste vegetable oil methyl ester can play only a limited role in biofuel substitution.
Heat and mass transfer analysis on MHD blood flow of Casson fluid model due to peristaltic wave
Authors: Rashidi Mohammad , Yang Zhigang , Bhatti Muhammad , Abbas Munawwar
Published: November 2016

In this article, heat and mass transfer analysis on MHD blood flow of Casson fluid model due to peristaltic wave has been investigated. The governing equations of blood flow for Casson fluid model, temperature, and energy equation have been solved by taking the assumption of long wavelength and neglecting the inertial forces. The resulting coupled differential equations have been solved analytically and the exact solutions are presented. The impact of various pertinent parameters is plotted and discussed. It is found that the influence of magnetic field and fluid parameter shows similar behavior on velocity profile while its behavior is opposite for pressure rise and pressure gradient profile. Trapping phenomena have also taken into account by sketching the streamlines. The expression for pressure rise and friction forces are evaluated numerically.
Heat transfer enhancement in rotating disk boundary layer
Authors: Mehmood Ahmer , Usman Muhammad
Published: November 2016

A generally admitted fact about the nanofluids is the expedition of heat transfer process in comparison to pure fluids. The calculation of enhanced rate of heat transfer depends strongly upon the nanofluid modeling. Following the experimental evidence most of the researchers assume the nanofluid to be a homogeneous mixture. However, this is a severe condition that results in under-prediction of heat transfer rates. Due to the ongoing convection phenomena the nanoparticle concentration is actually non-homogeneous within the boundary-layer because of the presence of concentration gradients. The objective of this study is to calculate the heat transfer enhancement in 3-D boundary-layer when the working fluid is a nanofluid. The rotating disk geometry, which perhaps serves as the bench mark for the 3-D boundary-layers, have been chosen for the purpose here. The non-homogeneous nanofluid modeling has been utilized and a percent increase in Nusselt number has been calculated. Detailed analyses of flow and heat transfer phenomena for nanofluids have been conducted under the influence of several physical parameters.
Role of biodiesel with nanoadditives in port owned trucks and other vehicles for emission reduction
Authors: Misra Atulya , Tajudeen Shaafi , Venkataramani Gayathri , Ayyasamy Elayaperumal , Ramalingam Velraj
Published: November 2016

Biodiesel is presently available all over the world and can be produced from several types of biomass. Biodiesel fuels are gaining more and more importance as an attractive alternate fuel in various transport sectors due to their renewable nature and lower pollution impact. However, the ports and the shipping sector are still in the early stage of orientation towards biofuels. In the present work, an experimental investigation on the use of diesterol blend (a mixture of diesel, ethanol with biodiesel) with cerium oxide as a nanoadditive (D80JBD15E4S1 + cerium oxide) in a compression ignition engine is performed to assess the emission characteristics. The results reveal that the presence of the cerium oxide nanoparticle changes the reaction patterns and heat transfer rate that reduces both the CO and CO2 percentage concentration in the exhaust gas appreciably. Further, the reduction in CO2 emission in the port of Chennai is quantified considering the replacement of neat diesel with those of modified diesel blend in port owned trucks and vehicles.
Theoretical analysis of the cumulative costs of different diesel bus alternatives for a public transport in the city of Belgrade
Authors: Jovanovic Stevan , Knezevic Dragan
Published: November 2016

This paper includes comparative analysis of the environmental, energetic, and financial costs of different bus propulsion, possibly applied on the public transport in the city of Belgrade. It considers the modern diesel bus, the trolleybus, the natural gas bus with the spark ignition engine, the electric bus using LiFePO4 battery, and the electric bus with ultra-capacitor. The results are presented according to the real data and the real electro-energetic situation in Serbia, with the dominantly used lignite coal as primary fuel. This model gives the exact exhaust emission of electric vehicles at the thermal power plant, enables its comparison to the internal combustion engine vehicles. The result in analysis shows that the natural gas bus is the most cost efficient in economical way with overall exploitation price of $87 per 100 km. The trolleybus is more economical then the natural gas powered bus only at high departures rate, higher than 230 per workday.
Integrin-Linked Kinase Is Necessary for the Development of Diet-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Williams Ashley S. , Trefts Elijah , Lantier Louise , Grueter Carrie A. , Bracy Deanna P. , James Freyja D. , Pozzi Ambra , Zent Roy , Wasserman David H.
Published: November 2016

The liver extracellular matrix (ECM) expands with high-fat (HF) feeding. This finding led us to address whether receptors for the ECM, integrins, are key to the development of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a downstream integrin signaling molecule involved in multiple hepatic processes, including those related to differentiation, wound healing, and metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that deletion of ILK in mice on an HF diet would disrupt the ECM-integrin signaling axis, thereby preventing the transformation into the insulin-resistant liver. To determine the role of ILK in hepatic insulin action in vivo, male C57BL/6J ILKlox/lox mice were crossed with Albcre mice to produce a hepatocyte-specific ILK deletion (ILKlox/loxAlbcre). Results from this study show that hepatic ILK deletion has no effect on insulin action in lean mice but sensitizes the liver to insulin during the challenge of HF feeding. This effect corresponds to changes in the expression and activation of key insulin signaling pathways as well as a greater capacity for hepatic mitochondrial glucose oxidation. This demonstrates that ILK contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and highlights the previously undefined role of integrin signaling in the pathogenesis of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3) Channels Are Required for Hypothalamic Glucose Detection and Energy Homeostasis
Authors: Chrétien Chloé , Fenech Claire , Liénard Fabienne , Grall Sylvie , Chevalier Charlène , Chaudy Sylvie , Brenachot Xavier , Berges Raymond , Louche Katie , Stark Romana , Nédélec Emmanuelle , Laderrière Amélie , Andrews Zane B. , Benani Alexandre , Flockerzi Veit , Gascuel Jean , Hartmann Jana , Moro Cédric , Birnbaumer Lutz , Leloup Corinne , Pénicaud Luc , Fioramonti Xavier
Published: November 2016

The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) contains neurons capable of directly detecting metabolic signals such as glucose to control energy homeostasis. Among them, glucose-excited (GE) neurons increase their electrical activity when glucose rises. In view of previous work, we hypothesized that transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels are involved in hypothalamic glucose detection and the control of energy homeostasis. To investigate the role of TRPC3, we used constitutive and conditional TRPC3-deficient mouse models. Hypothalamic glucose detection was studied in vivo by measuring food intake and insulin secretion in response to increased brain glucose level. The role of TRPC3 in GE neuron response to glucose was studied by using in vitro calcium imaging on freshly dissociated MBH neurons. We found that whole-body and MBH TRPC3-deficient mice have increased body weight and food intake. The anorectic effect of intracerebroventricular glucose and the insulin secretory response to intracarotid glucose injection are blunted in TRPC3-deficient mice. TRPC3 loss of function or pharmacological inhibition blunts calcium responses to glucose in MBH neurons in vitro. Together, the results demonstrate that TRPC3 channels are required for the response to glucose of MBH GE neurons and the central effect of glucose on insulin secretion and food intake.
Incidence Trends and Predictors of Hospitalization for Hypoglycemia in 17,230 Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Register Linkage Cohort Study
Authors: Ishtiak-Ahmed Kazi , Carstensen Bendix , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Jørgensen Marit E.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine nationwide incidence trends and predictors of hospitalization for hypoglycemia (HH) in the adult population with type 1 diabetes in Denmark.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

All 17,230 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 16 years and above registered in the Danish Adult Diabetes Database (DADD) from 2006 were followed to 2012 by linkage of registers. Incidence rates of HH were modeled by Poisson regression by calendar time, taking sex, age, diabetes duration, clinical variables, and previous HH into account.

RESULTS

A total of 2,369 events of HH occurred among 1,735 patients with type 1 diabetes of HH during 70,002 patient-years (mean follow-up 3.7 years). A decrease in incidence rate was observed with calendar time with an 8.4% (4.9–11.7%) annual decrease. Predictors of HH included previous HH, age, diabetes duration, albuminuria, and HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed a decreasing trend in incidence of HH in patients with type 1 diabetes. Previous HH, longer diabetes duration, macroalbuminuria, and HbA1c were associated with increased risk of HH in type 1 diabetes, and attention to those factors is warranted in both clinical and public health aspects.
Perioperative characteristics of dogs undergoing open versus laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy for treatment of cystic calculi: 89 cases (2011–2015)
Authors: Singh Ameet , Hoddinott Katie , Morrison Shauna , Oblak Michelle L. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Ogilvie Adam T. , Monteith Gabrielle , Denstedt John D.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare perioperative characteristics of dogs with cystic calculi treated via open versus laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy (LAC).

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 89 client-owned dogs that underwent open cystotomy (n = 39) or LAC (50).

PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent cystotomy between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed. History, signalment, surgery date, results of physical examination, results of preoperative diagnostic testing, details of surgical treatment, duration of surgery, perioperative complications, treatment costs, and duration of hospitalization were recorded.

RESULTS 5 of 50 (10%) dogs required conversion from LAC to open cystotomy (OC). There was no significant difference between the LAC (1/50) and OC (2/39) groups with regard to percentage of patients with incomplete removal of calculi. Duration of surgery was not significantly different between the LAC (median, 80 min; range, 35 to 145 min) and OC (median, 70 min; range, 45 to 120 min) groups. Postoperative duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter for dogs that underwent LAC (median, 24 hours; range, 12 to 48 hours) versus OC (median, 26 hours; range, 12 to 63 hours). Surgical and total procedural costs were significantly higher for patients undergoing LAC.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that LAC may be an acceptable minimally invasive technique for treatment of cystic calculi in dogs. Surgery times were similar to those for dogs undergoing OC; however, surgical and total procedural costs were higher. Further investigation is suggested to determine which patients may benefit from LAC versus traditional OC.
Incursion dans les archives de l’hôpital Montfort : Partir à la quête du processus de « déhospitalisation » des patients hospitalisés sur les unités psychiatriques de courte durée
Authors: Harrisson Sandra , Bruyninx Gadys , Maccordick Nicolas M.H. , Tessier François
Published: November 2016

Cette note de recherche fait état des différentes étapes de la création d’une base de données informatisées dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche socio-historique en sciences infirmières portant sur la « déhospitalisation » de patients psychiatrisés. La manipulation de dossiers actifs et inactifs de patients jugés « vulnérables » revêt un caractère particulier lors de l’entreposage de ces données sensibles. De plus, à l’ère de l’informatisation, les dossiers en formats papier tendent à disparaître, étant transformés en formats numériques, ou faisant face à une destruction potentielle. La photo-numérisation et le ré-archivage électronique s’avèrent des moyens efficaces pour la conservation de cette mémoire collective souvent négligée.
Synthesis of Novel Ethyl 1-aryl-3-methyl-8-oxo-1,8-dihydropyrano[2′,3′:4,5] Pyrimido[6,1-b]Quinazoline-2-carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Shi Qiu-Zhong , Cao Yong-Nan , Ma Shi-Bing , Wang Guo-Xi , Han Guang-Fan , Xing Zheng
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a new series of ethyl 1-aryl-3-methyl-8-oxo-1,8-dihydropyrano[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[6,1-b]quinazoline-2-carboxylate derivatives was synthesised by the cyclisation of methyl anthranilate with ethyl 5-cyano-6-[(ethoxymethylene)amino]-2-methyl-4-aryl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate derivatives, which were obtained from reaction of triethyl orthoformate with 6-amino-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-aryl-4H- pyran-3-carboxylate derivatives. The title compounds possessed good fluorescence properties. In addition, ethyl 5-cyano-6-[(ethoxymethylene) amino]-2-methyl-4-(p-tolyl)-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate and ethyl 3-methyl-8-oxo-1-(p-tolyl)-1,8-dihydropyrano[2′,3′:4,5]pyrimido[6,1-b] quinazoline-2-carboxylate were further determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis
Authors: Sun Yuhai , Chen Limin , Bao Yunfeng , Zhang Yujun , Wang Jing , Fu Mingli , Wu Junliang , Ye Daiqi
Published: November 2016

Zinc oxide (ZnO), with the unique chemical and physical properties of high chemical stability, broad radiation absorption range, high electrochemical coupling coefficient, and high photo-stability, is an attractive multifunctional material which has promoted great interest in many fields. What is more, its properties can be tuned by controllable synthesized morphologies. Therefore, after the success of the abundant morphology controllable synthesis, both the morphology-dependent ZnO properties and their related applications have been extensively investigated. This review concentrates on the properties of morphology-dependent ZnO and their applications in catalysis, mainly involved reactions on green energy and environmental issues, such as CO2 hydrogenation to fuels, methanol steam reforming to generate H2, bio-diesel production, pollutant photo-degradation, etc. The impressive catalytic properties of ZnO are associated with morphology tuned specific microstructures, defects or abilities of electron transportation, etc. The main morphology-dependent promotion mechanisms are discussed and summarized.
Mechanistic and Structural Insight to an Evolved Benzoylformate Decarboxylase with Enhanced Pyruvate Decarboxylase Activity
Authors: Andrews Forest , Wechsler Cindy , Rogers Megan , Meyer Danilo , Tittmann Kai , McLeish Michael
Published: November 2016

Benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFDC) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) are thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes that share some structural and mechanistic similarities. Both enzymes catalyze the nonoxidative decarboxylation of 2-keto acids, yet differ considerably in their substrate specificity. In particular, the BFDC from P. putida exhibits very limited activity with pyruvate, whereas the PDCs from S. cerevisiae or from Z. mobilis show virtually no activity with benzoylformate (phenylglyoxylate). Previously, saturation mutagenesis was used to generate the BFDC T377L/A460Y variant, which exhibited a greater than 10,000-fold increase in pyruvate/benzoylformate substrate utilization ratio compared to that of wtBFDC. Much of this change could be attributed to an improvement in the Km value for pyruvate and, concomitantly, a decrease in the kcat value for benzoylformate. However, the steady-state data did not provide any details about changes in individual catalytic steps. To gain insight into the changes in conversion rates of pyruvate and benzoylformate to acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively, by the BFDC T377L/A460Y variant, reaction intermediates of both substrates were analyzed by NMR and microscopic rate constants for the elementary catalytic steps were calculated. Herein we also report the high resolution X-ray structure of the BFDC T377L/A460Y variant, which provides context for the observed changes in substrate specificity.
Subset-Continuous-Updating GMM Estimators for Dynamic Panel Data Models
Authors: Ashley Richard , Sun Xiaojin
Published: November 2016

The two-step GMM estimators of Arellano and Bond (1991) and Blundell and Bond (1998) for dynamic panel data models have been widely used in empirical work; however, neither of them performs well in small samples with weak instruments. The continuous-updating GMM estimator proposed by Hansen, Heaton, and Yaron (1996) is in principle able to reduce the small-sample bias, but it involves high-dimensional optimizations when the number of regressors is large. This paper proposes a computationally feasible variation on these standard two-step GMM estimators by applying the idea of continuous-updating to the autoregressive parameter only, given the fact that the absolute value of the autoregressive parameter is less than unity as a necessary requirement for the data-generating process to be stationary. We show that our subset-continuous-updating method does not alter the asymptotic distribution of the two-step GMM estimators, and it therefore retains consistency. Our simulation results indicate that the subset-continuous-updating GMM estimators outperform their standard two-step counterparts in finite samples in terms of the estimation accuracy on the autoregressive parameter and the size of the Sargan-Hansen test.
Estimation of Nutrient Exports Resulting from Thinning and Intensive Biomass Extraction in Medium-Aged Spruce and Pine Stands in Saxony, Northeast Germany
Authors: Knust Christine , Schua Karoline , Feger Karl-Heinz
Published: November 2016

A growing interest in using forest biomass for bioenergy generation may stimulate intensive harvesting scenarios in Germany. We calculated and compared nutrient exports of conventional stem only (SO), whole tree without needles (WT excl. needles), and whole tree (WT) harvesting in two medium aged Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands differing in productivity, and related them to soil nutrient pools and fluxes at the study sites. We established allometric biomass functions for each aboveground tree compartment and analyzed their nutrient contents. We analyzed soil nutrient stocks, estimated weathering rates, and obtained deposition and seepage data from nearby Level II stations. WT (excl. needles) and WT treatments cause nutrient losses 1.5 to 3.6 times higher than SO, while the biomass gain is only 1.18 to 1.25 in case of WT (excl. needles) and 1.28 to 1.30 in case of WT in the pine and spruce stand, respectively. Within the investigated 25-year period, WT harvesting would cause exports of N, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ of 6.6, 8.8, 5.4, and 0.8 kg·ha−1 in the pine stand and 13.9, 7.0, 10.6, and 1.8 kg·ha−1 in the spruce stand annually. The relative impact of WT and WT (excl. needles) on the nutrient balance is similar in the pine and spruce stands, despite differences in stand productivities, and thus the absolute amount of nutrients removed. In addition to the impact of intensive harvesting, both sites are characterized by high seepage losses of base cations, further impairing the nutrient budget. While intensive biomass extraction causes detrimental effects on many key soil ecological properties, our calculations may serve to implement measures to improve the nutrient balance in forested ecosystems.
Probabilistic Unawareness
Authors: Cozic Mikaël
Published: November 2016

The modeling of awareness and unawareness is a significant topic in the doxastic logic literature, where it is usually tackled in terms of full belief operators. The present paper aims at a treatment in terms of partial belief operators. It draws upon the modal probabilistic logic that was introduced by Aumann (1999) at the semantic level, and then axiomatized by Heifetz and Mongin (2001). The paper embodies in this framework those properties of unawareness that have been highlighted in the seminal paper by Modica and Rustichini (1999). Their paper deals with full belief, but we argue that the properties in question also apply to partial belief. Our main result is a (soundness and) completeness theorem that reunites the two strands—modal and probabilistic—of doxastic logic.