bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of micro-milling machining parameters on residual stresses in alumina bioceramics-a three-dimensional finite element simulation study
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Yanan
Published: November 2024

The formation and distribution of residual stress during the micro-milling process significantly affect the crack resistance and service life of alumina bioceramics. This study aims to optimize the surface residual stress distribution by adjusting machining parameters, thereby improving the machining quality of alumina ceramics. A three-dimensional finite element model of alumina bioceramics was developed, and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of feed per tooth, cutting depth, and spindle speed on temperature and residual stress. The study further explores the patterns of residual stress variation. The results show that both surface temperature and residual tensile stress exhibit systematic trends with parameter changes. Specifically, surface residual tensile stress increases with cutting depth initially but decreases sharply once the cutting depth exceeds 25 μm. Residual tensile stress increases with spindle speed, reaching its peak at 21,000 r/min before stabilizing. Additionally, the residual tensile stress rises with feed per tooth at first but gradually declines when the value exceeds 25 μm/z. This research reveals the mechanisms by which micro-milling parameters influence surface temperature and residual stress in alumina bioceramics, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing micro-milling processes. The findings can also be extended to the micro-milling of other hard-to-machine materials, offering broad engineering application potential.
Transcriptome profiling uncovers differentially expressed genes linked to nutritional quality in vegetable soybean
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Zhang Chunlei , Yuan Rongqiang , Liu Xiulin , Zhang Fengyi , Zhao Kezhen , Zhang Min , Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Lamlom Sobhi F. , Zhang Bixian , Qiu Qiang , Liu Jia , Lu Wencheng , Ren Honglei
Published: November 2024

Vegetative soybean (maodou or edamame) serves as a nutrient-rich food source with significant potential for mitigating global nutritional deficiencies. This study undertook a thorough examination of the nutritional profiles and transcriptomic landscapes of six soybean cultivars, including three common cultivars (Heinong551, Heinong562, and Heinong63) and three fresh maodou cultivars (Heinong527, HeinongXS4, and HeinongXS5). Nutrient analysis of the seeds disclosed notable differences in the levels of protein, fat, soluble sugars, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, and zinc across the cultivars. Through comparative transcriptome profiling and RNA sequencing, distinct variations in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between fresh and traditional maodou cultivars. Functional enrichment analyses underscored the involvement of DEGs in critical biological processes, such as nutrient biosynthesis, seed development, and stress responses. Additionally, association studies demonstrated robust correlations between specific DEG expression patterns and seed nutrient compositions across the different cultivars. Sankey diagrams illustrated that DEGs are strongly linked with seed quality traits, revealing potential molecular determinants that govern variations in nutritional content. The identified DEGs and their relationships with nutritional profiles offer valuable insights for breeding programs focused on developing cultivars with improved nutritional quality, tailored to specific dietary needs or industrial applications.
Associations between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and osteoarthritis risk
Authors: Huang Dichao , Wang Hua , Wang Shuguang , Yu Tianming , Zhou Long
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to explore the relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression analysis was conducted to determine the dominant metabolites. Additionally, a Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was utilized to explore the combined effects of phytoestrogen mixed metabolites on OA.

Results

Compared to the lowest quartile group, the highest quartile group of Enterodiol showed a 46% increased risk of OA (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09–1.96), while the highest quartile group of Enterlactone showed a 30% decreased risk of OA (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.96). The WQS regression model analysis revealed a positive relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and OA risk, with Enterodiol found to have the highest weight in this association. The BKMR model indicated that the association between urinary phytoestrogens and OA increased with concentration but did not reach statistical significance. The univariate exposure-response function demonstrated a positive association between Enterodiol and OA.

Conclusions

There is a positive relationship between urinary phytoestrogen mixed metabolites and OA, with Enterodiol being an important factor influencing OA risk.
Different contributions of fat and lean indices to bone strength by sex
Authors: Lin Yen-Huai , Teng Michael Mu Huo
Published: November 2024

Bone strength depends on both bone density and quality. However, the differences in how body composition indices affect bone strength between men and women remains unclear. This study investigated the associations of various fat and lean indices with bone strength by sex. In this cross-sectional study involving 1,419 participants, bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone quality was assessed using the trabecular bone score (TBS). Fat indices included total fat mass, body fat percentage, and waist circumference, while lean indices included appendicular lean mass (ALM) and hand grip strength. All fat indices demonstrated a positive association with BMD and a negative association with the TBS in both men and women. Fat indices were more strongly associated with BMD in women than in men. Furthermore, lean indices contributed more to BMD in men than in women. In women, ALM contributed more to BMD than hand grip strength, whereas in men, hand grip strength had a greater impact on BMD than ALM. Hand grip strength was also positively associated with the TBS in men. Overall, fat indices had a greater influence on BMD in women, while lean indices were more positively associated with bone strength in men. Considering different fat indices, ALM was more strongly associated with BMD in women, whereas hand grip strength played a greater role in men. Thus, maintaining both muscle mass and strength is crucial for preserving bone mass.
Discovery of α-amylase and α-glucosidase dual inhibitors from NPASS database for management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A chemoinformatic approach
Authors: Ndarawit Wilberforce , Ochieng Charles Otieno , Angwenyi David , Cruz Jorddy N. , Santos Cleydson B. R. , Kimani Njogu M.
Published: November 2024

Postprandial hyperglycemia, typical manifestation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is associated with notable global morbidity and mortality. Preventing the advancement of this condition by delaying the rate of glucose absorption through inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymatic activities is of utmost importance. Finding a safe antidiabetic drug is essential since those that are currently on the market have drawbacks like unpleasant side effects. The current study utilized computer-aided drug design (CADD), as a quick and affordable method to find a substitute drug template that can be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia by modulating the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The Natural Products Activity and Species database (NPASS) (30,926 compounds) was screened in silico, with a focus on evaluating drug-likeness, toxicity profiles and ability to bind on a target protein. Two molecules NPC204580 (Chrotacumine C) and NPC137813 (1-O-(2-Methoxy-4-Acetylphenyl)-6-O-(E-Cinnamoyl)-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside) were identified as potential dual inhibitors for α-amylase and α-glucosidase with free binding energies of -14.46 kcal/mol and -12.58 kcal/mol for α-amylase, and -8.42 kcal/mol and -8.76 kcal/mol for α-glucosidase, respectively. The molecules showed ionic, H-bonding and hydrophobic interactions with critical amino acid residues of both enzymes. Moreover, 100 ns molecular dynamic simulations showed that both molecules are stable on the receptors’ active sites based on root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and the Generalized Born surface area (GBSA) energy calculated. The two compounds are thus promising therapeutic agents for T2DM that merit further investigation due to their excellent binding energies, encouraging pharmacokinetics, toxicity profiles, and stability as demonstrated in simulated studies.
Genome-wide association study of genetic markers of coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle
Authors: Hartati Hartati , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Handiwirawan Eko , Ramon Erpan , Firison Jhon , Zubir Zubir , Suretno Nandari Dyah , Mariyono Mariyono , Yusriani Yenni , Robba Dewi Khosiya , Destomo Alfian , Anggraeni Tika , Anwar Pajri , Irmawanti Sulistiyoningtiyas , Aprisal Aprisal , Elieser Simon , Kurniawati Dian
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim: Coat color is a phenotypic trait that is affected by many functional genes. In addition, coat color is an important characteristic of breeds in livestock. This study aimed to determine functional genes for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle in Indonesia using a genome-wide association study method.

Materials and Methods: A bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 50K BeadChip was used for the investigation. A total of 46 Sumatran native cattle of three colors as follows: Brown (36 animals), white (9 animals), and black (1 animal), were used as experimental animals.

Results: Results showed that the SNP markers ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486 (p = 2.46×10-7) and BTB-01992588 (p = 1.06×10-5) were selected as two genetic markers for coat color variation in animals under study, which were located at the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) gene at BTA7 and small G protein signaling modulator 1(SGSM1) genes at BTA17, respectively. The polymorphic informative content values of both SNP markers were 0.33 (ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486) and 0.13 (BTB-01992588). In this study, a genetic marker for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle was obtained based on the haplotypes of both SNP markers.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that CYFIP2 and SGSM1 are two coloration genes that affect the phenotype characteristics of Sumatran native cattle.

Keywords: cattle, coat color, functional gene, genome-wide association study, Sumatra.
What is success? – Concepts and perspectives in the Hungarian startup context
Authors: Virágh Enikő Anna , Tímár Gigi
Published: November 2024

Despite the prominent academic interest in the existing startup literature, neither the founders’ perspectives on success nor its media representation have received adequate investigation. This paper presents an exploratory comparative analysis of startup success in Hungary from the founders’ perspectives and its media representation, based on a media content analysis of Forbes articles (n=128) and qualitative interviews with startup founders (n=22). The results showed that strong state dominance and less careful project selection resulted in divergent narratives in the media and in the interviews with founders. In Forbes, capital attraction was found to be the key indicator of success, with real performance validated mainly by international investors, which also reinforced the construction of startup culture as a global form. In contrast, the perception of capital attraction was more ambiguous among the founders, for whom real performance was often justified by the market rather than the investor.
Safety and Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Anderson Scott R. , Ayoub Malek , Coats Sarah , McHenry Scott , Tan Tingyi , Deepak Parakkal
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The safety and effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly understood.

METHODS:

Patients with IBD treated with GLP1-RA were retrospectively identified for outcomes of adverse events, weight change, and clinical, endoscopic, and biomarker response.

RESULTS:

Among a total of 120 patients with IBD, gastrointestinal side effects being the most common (11.5%). Semaglutide showed the most significant weight reduction. C-reactive protein levels decreased after one year (P = 0.005). No differences were observed in IBD-related hospitalizations or endoscopic scores.

DISCUSSION:

GLP1-RA therapy appears safe and effective, with an associated C-reactive protein reduction, in patients with IBD.
Tall and Low Shrub-Adapted Passerines Respond Differently to Shrub Expansion in Arctic and Subarctic Alaska
Authors: Mizel Jeremy D.
Published: November 2024

The expansion of deciduous shrubs is among the most conspicuous and widespread of the phenomena affecting tundra regions under a warming climate. While this process is expected to affect the distributions of terrestrial vertebrates, empirical assessments of responses to shrub expansion are rare, particularly for passerine birds. Here, I jointly investigate the topographic correlates of shrub expansion and differences in the density of shrub-adapted passerines between long- and recently established shrub cover at five sites in Arctic and Subarctic Alaska. I used a remotely sensed vegetation cover timeseries (1985 – 2020) and line transect data (2015 – 22) for four low and four tall shrub – adapted passerines. The line transect data were comprised of the individual encounter locations, which permitted fine-scale assessment of the effect of shrub cover age class (established pre- or post-1985) under a point process framework. Low shrub – adapted species showed weak differences in density between long- (pre-1985) and recently established (post-1985) shrub cover. In contrast, a subset of tall shrub – adapted species at two of the five study areas had lower density where the proportion of total shrub cover in the younger age class was relatively high. The contrasting responses of these two groups suggest that expanding shrub cover may have structural characteristics, such as shorter height and a more diffuse distribution, that are not preferred by tall shrub – adapted passerines. This suggests caution in assuming uniform responses to shrub expansion across species and spatial regions and indicates the potential importance of incorporating time lags into assessments of vertebrate responses to shrub expansion.
SOLVING AN ILL-POSED PROBLEM FOR A NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION BY MEANS OF THE PROJECTION REGULARIZATION METHOD
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Tabarintseva E.V.
Published: November 2024

The article investigates a problem with inverse time for a semilinear parabolic equation equipped with nonlocal boundary conditions. The problem under study arises, for example, in the mathematical modeling of the process of external gettering of silicon wafers in the creation of semiconductor devices. At the same time, when developing a mathematical model in the case of a high-intensive diffusion process, it is necessary to take into account the effects associated with the nonlinearity of the process. The paper suggests an approach for constructing a numerical solution to the problem with the inverse time, stable with respect to small perturbations of the initial data. The numerical solution is constructed using the regularization method based on adding a term with a small parameter to the overdetermination (final) condition. To obtain an approximate solution, the problem statement must recon in supplementary (a priori) information characterizing the exact solution. We obtain an error estimate for the approximate solution under the given a priori information.
Cristo Rey. Teología, filosofía y política ante el centenario de la encíclica Quas Primas
Authors: Ayuso Torres Miguel
Published: November 2024

La LXI Reunión de amigos de la Ciudad Católica, organizada por la Fundación Speiro, editora de la revista Verbo, y el Consejo de Estudios Hispánicos Felipe II, se celebró en Madrid el pasado sábado mes de abril de este año. Y versó sobre «Cristo Rey. Teología, filosofía y política ante el centenario de la encíclica Quas primas». En efecto, esta encíclica de Pío XI, por la que se instituyó la festividad litúrgica de Cristo Rey en el último domingo de octubre, está fechada en el año de 1925. Este volumen no es una mera recopilación de ensayos, sino que responde a una intención y una ejecución coherentes. Se abre con unas reflexiones de Miguel Ayuso (Madrid) sobre la realeza, concepto opuesto al de soberanía. Pues la soberanía implica un poder desnudo, no cualificado ni cualificable. Mientras que la realeza es el gobierno con vistas a un bien, el bien común. Sigue un texto de John Rao (Nueva York) sobre los presupuestos de la doctrina de la realeza de Cristo. Tema extenso y complejo, pues –de un lado– se remonta a los padres de la Iglesia y los teólogos escolásticos, aunque –de otro– se articule especialmente en la que se ha llamado «doctrina social de la Iglesia», esto es, la respuesta de la Iglesia al mundo moderno, el de la Revolución liberal. Pues doctrina social y política de la Iglesia la hubo desde los orígenes de ésta. Naturalmente, en el seno de esta enseñanza contemporánea, la encíclica Quas primas ocupa un lugar privilegiado, pues constituye la codificación de ambas dimensiones. El trabajo de Juan Fernando Segovia (Mendoza) tiene, por ello, una relevancia particular. A continuación, Bernard Dumont (París) examina cómo, en la historia, a la teología política católica del Reino de Cristo se ha opuesto la secularización, de matriz protestante y desarrollo liberal, hasta llegar a su radicalización posmoderna. Pero la realeza de Cristo no sólo tiene en frente la secularización, sino que la propia Iglesia católica ha desmayado en su defensa. Julio Alvear (Santiago de Chile) lo trata de manera analítica a la vez que sintética, a través del examen de algunos documentos relevantes de los últimos pontificados. Por su parte, Javier F. Sandoval (Sevilla) distingue los fieles súbditos de Cristo Rey de sus enemigos contemporáneos. Y Luis María De Ruschi (Buenos Aires) repasa el tratamiento de la cuestión en la revista Verbo. Para terminar, Danilo Castellano (Udine) reseña las razones por las que la doctrina de la realeza de Cristo no es opcional, sino una necesidad para las sociedades de todo tiempo, también las contemporáneas. Un apéndice de Félix María Martín Antoniano (Madrid) contrasta la doctrina política antiliberal de los papas contemporáneos, la que Quas primas destila, con una serie de decisiones prácticas de los mismos que poco a poco fueron minando su fuerza y operatividad.
Tradition of Crisis: Kabbalistic Transmission in Early Modern Kraków
Authors: Kelman Avraham Oriah
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance the kabbalistic tradition ascribes to oral transmission, many early modern kabbalists complained about a lack of access to personal tutoring and described a crisis of kabbalistic transmission. This article explores the concept of »transmission crisis« in the writings of the Ashkenazi scholar Moshe Isserles (Kraków, d. 1572), contextualizing it in a broader sixteenth-century Jewish discourse. Isserles believed that the full, esoteric meaning of kabbalah is inaccessible to us, devoid as we are of oral tradition. He insisted, however, on interpreting kabbalah on an exoteric level, without the pretense of an ultimate mystical understanding. This gave rise to Isserles’ »hermeneutics of immanence«, in which kabbalistic depictions of the divine are translated into the mundane realm. Isserles represents a model of a sixteenth-century Ashkenazi scholar, striving to make sense of the Sephardic kabbalistic tradition, which newly arrived in Poland and filled the study halls with admiration and bewilderment.
Praying with Moses Cordovero: Adopting and Adapting Spanish Kabbalah in Italy and East-Central Europe
Authors: Matanky Eugene D.
Published: November 2024

This article explores Moses Cordovero’s (1522–1570) commentary on the Rosh Hashanah liturgy and its reception among Italian and East-Central European Jews, highlighting its intersections with broader issues in early modern Jewish history, such as manuscript and print cultures, individual mobility, and the dissemination of knowledge. Through an in-depth analysis of three documents—an annotated printed Mahzor and two manuscripts written in Ashkenazi script—the article demonstrates how individuals enhanced and adapted Cordovero’s kabbalistic intentions for their own liturgical practices. The study traces the journey of Cordovero’s commentary from manuscript to print and back into manuscript, emphasizing the personal stories and material transformations that made this text a practical tool for prayer. Ultimately, the article provides insights into the dynamic interplay between Cordoverean kabbalah and local liturgical rites, illustrating how early modern Jews actively engaged with and reshaped their devotional texts.
Translating, Editing and Printing
Tikkunim
in Old Yiddish
Authors: Baumgarten Jean
Published: November 2024

The Old Yiddish literature printed in the seventeenth and eighteenth century abounds with references to kabbalah. This study focuses on the monolingual and, for the vast majority, bi- or trilingual (Aramaic, Hebrew, Yiddish) collections of Tikkunim connected to kabbalistic prayers and rituals. These collections contain fragments from the Bible, midrashim, Sefer ha-Zohar, Lurianic customs, and collections of mystical stories. The article provides a typology of Yiddish chapbooks of prayers for the less educated readers, centering on Tikkunei ha-Mo’adim by Aryeh ben Yehuda Seligman of Binswangen. In considering the question of the authorship and readership of this chapbook, the article presents several prayers and excerpts from kabbalistic texts adapted into Yiddish.
Controllability and diffeomorphism groups on manifolds with boundary
Authors: Grong Erlend , Schmeding Alexander
Published: November 2024

In this article we consider diffeomorphism groups of manifolds with smooth boundary. We show that the diffeomorphism groups of the manifold and its boundary fit into a short exact sequence which admits local sections. In other words, they form an infinite-dimensional fibre bundle. Manifolds with boundary are of interest in numerical analysis and with a view towards applications in machine learning we establish controllability results for families of vector fields. This generalises older results due to Agrachev and Caponigro in the boundary-less case. Our results show in particular that the diffeomorphism group of a manifold with smooth boundary is generated by the image of the exponential map.
The multiplicative Lie algebra on general linear groups
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Kushwaha Seema , Upadhyay Sumit Kumar
Published: November 2024

The main aim of this paper is to study an obvious linear representation of a multiplicative Lie algebra. Also, we find some criteria to determine all possible multiplicative Lie algebra structures on a general linear group and we show that the general linear group on a finite field is a Lie simple group.
Determination of lower order perturbations of a polyharmonic operator in two dimensions
Authors: Bansal Rajat , Krishnan Venkateswaran P. , Pattar Rahul Raju
Published: November 2024

We study an inverse boundary value problem for a polyharmonic operator
in two dimensions. We show that the Cauchy data uniquely determine all the anisotropic perturbations of orders at most

m
-
1

{m-1}

and several perturbations of orders m to

2
⁢
m

-
2

{2m-2}

under some restriction. The uniqueness proof relies on the

∂
¯

{\bar{\partial}}

-techniques and the method of stationary phase.
Thermal-hydraulic and safety analysis of alternative ceramic fuels in next generation of VVER-1000 reactor
Authors: Rahimi Ahmad , Kheradmand Saadi Mohsen , Heidari Ebrahim , Abbasi Kavoos
Published: November 2024

The main aim of this study is the thermohydraulic and safety analysis of alternative UN and UC ceramic fuels in the next generation of VVER-1000/V446 reactor core. One of the advantages of these alternative fuels is their higher thermal conductivity and density relative to the UO2 conventional fuels. Thermohydraulic analysis has been performed under full power conditions. Also, the safety evaluation of alternative ceramic fuels has been researched by the Rod Ejection Accident (REA) scenario. RELAP5 Mod3.2 code is used for thermo-hydraulic analysis in both steady state and transient state in VVER-1000/V446 reactor. In addition, calculations of the fuel center temperature in mean and hot channels for steady state, the temperature of the hottest rod in the fuel assembly, the radial distribution of fuel temperature for both channels, and the maximum clad temperature during the reactivity injection have been performed. The results showed that in the steady state with full power, the fuel centreline temperature in UO2 is about twice the corresponding values for UN and UC alternative fuels which is very attractive from a safety point of view. In general, due to the large difference between the hot spot point and the melting point in alternative fuels, the thermal power and safety factors can be significantly increased in the next generation of VVER-1000/V446 reactors.
Analyse der Einkommens- und Beschäftigungswirkungen einer Einführung des CDU-Konzepts der „Aktiv-Rente“
Authors: Brüll Eduard , Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Ziebarth Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Im September 2023 stellte die CDU das Konzept der „Aktiv-Rente“ vor. Die Idee dahinter ist, den Arbeitsverdienst von Rentnerinnen und Rentnern, die neben dem Bezug einer gesetzlichen Rente eine bezahlte Beschäftigung aufnehmen, bis zu 2.000 Euro pro Monat steuerfrei zu stellen. Diese Steuerbefreiung soll unter anderem die Arbeitsanreize verbessern sowie dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenwirken. Eduard Brüll, Friedhelm Pfeiffer und Nicolas R. Ziebarth quantifizieren die möglichen Auswirkungen der Aktivrente auf die Beschäftigung von Rentnerinnen und Rentnern sowie auf die Nettoeinkommen der beschäftigten Ruheständler im Alter von 63 bis 73 Jahren auf der Basis von Stichproben des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) von 2019. Weil die verfügbaren Einkommen durch eine Aktivrente im Mittel um 5,5 Prozent stiegen, würden nach ihrer Analyse 5.000 bis 15.000 Ruheständler zusätzlich arbeiten. Mithin könne eine Aktivrente selbst unter optimistischen Annahmen dem Fachkräftemangel aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht wohl nur in begrenztem Umfang entgegenwirken. Außerdem gebe es mögliche unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen.
Investigating the antibacterial potency of Schiff base derivatives as potential agents for urinary tract infection: DFT, solvation, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Godfrey Obinna C. , Edo Godwin , Nwoko Magnus C. , Gulack Alpha O. , Okon Gideon A. , Edim Moses M.
Published: November 2024

Owing to the growing prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains that are more recently resistant to last-line antibiotic treatments, such as carbapenems and colistin drugs, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prime example of the antibiotic resistance crisis and emphasize the need for new approaches to treat and prevent bacterial infections. The antibacterial effect of 4-((5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzlidene) amino)-1,5-dimethyl1-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (BDP), a Schiff base derivative, was tested against UPEC, a bacterium responsible for urinary tract infections. This Schiff base compound was optimized in five phases at the ωB97XD/6–311++G(2d,2p) level of theory; therefore, density functional theory studies, spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking analysis, and pharmacokinetic prediction were employed. The stability of the BDP compound was predicted via geometric structural studies, natural bond orbital (NBO) theory, quantum chemical descriptors, and spectral studies such as FT-IR and UV‒vis studies. The ab initio calculation of NBO revealed greater stability of the compound despite the solvation effects of DMSO, methanol, ethanol, and water. This claim was supported by frontier molecular orbital prediction, where the energy gaps were 6.60 eV, 7.45 eV, 7.45 eV, 7.43 eV, and 7.44 eV for the BDP compound present in the gas phase, water, DMSO, ethanol and methanol, respectively. The molecular docking results revealed the antibacterial efficacy of BDP. 5C5Z + BDP and 5VQ5+BDP interactions produced −4.5 and −5.4 kcal/mol binding affinities respectively. BDP displayed stronger interaction with 5VQ5 than with 5C5Z and had better docking activities than FOS. Overall, result has shown that BDP is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UPEC caused UTIs and has the potential to mitigate the challenges associated with urinary tract infections, hence, should be considered a promising candidate for UTI treatment.
Nonresponsive Neurons Improve Population Coding of Object Location
Authors: Haggard Myriah , Chacron Maurice J.
Published: November 2024

Understanding how heterogeneous neural populations represent sensory input to give rise to behavior remains a central problem in systems neuroscience. Here we investigated how midbrain neurons within the electrosensory system ofApteronotus leptorhynchuscode for object location in space. In vivo simultaneous recordings were achieved via Neuropixels probes, high-density electrode arrays, with the stimulus positioned at different locations relative to the animal. Midbrain neurons exhibited heterogeneous response profiles, with a significant proportion (65%) seemingly nonresponsive to moving stimuli. Remarkably, we found that nonresponsive neurons increased population coding of object location through synergistic interactions with responsive neurons by effectively reducing noise. Mathematical modeling demonstrated that increased response heterogeneity together with the experimentally observed correlations was sufficient to give rise to independent encoding by responsive neurons. Furthermore, the addition of nonresponsive neurons in the model gave rise to synergistic population coding. Taken together, our findings reveal that nonresponsive neurons, which are frequently excluded from analysis, can significantly improve population coding of object location through synergistic interactions with responsive neurons. Combinations of responsive and nonresponsive neurons have been observed in sensory systems across taxa; it is likely that similar synergistic interactions improve population coding across modalities and behavioral tasks.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER-DIVERSE PATIENTS: Trauma-informed reproductive care for transgender and nonbinary people
Authors: Stroumsa Daphna , Raja Nicholas S , Russell Colin B
Published: November 2024

In brief

There are some unique aspects to providing trauma-informed reproductive care to transgender and nonbinary people, who are affected by minority stress, stigma, and particular forms of trauma; we review the evidence and suggest strategies for the provision of trauma-informed reproductive care to gender minorities.

Stigma and minority stress affect the health of transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people, leading to disparities across a range of outcomes. Barriers to accessing care, including reproductive care, further complicate these health disparities. Interpersonal stigma within the healthcare system, and high rates of physical and sexual violence survivorship, make TGNB people particularly vulnerable to healthcare trauma and poor care. This is particularly true among TGNB people with multiple intersecting marginalized identities. Trauma-informed care provides a framework for medical practitioners to provide safe, holistic, and sensitive care. Scant academic literature discusses trauma-informed reproductive care for TGNB individuals. We present a narrative review of the evidence for trauma-informed reproductive care for TGNB people and suggest potential application and implementation.
Política exterior dual de los Estados pequeños: estrategias de Ecuador y Costa Rica ante las disputas marítimas internacionales
Authors: Barreiro Martínez Daniela
Published: November 2024

This article examines the foreign policy strategies of Ecuador and Costa Rica in their respective maritime disputes with China and Nicaragua. Both countries have adopted a dual foreign policy to balance internal and external pressures in resolving maritime conflicts, avoiding recourse to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS). Ecuador has faced persistent threats from the Chinese fishing fleet near the Galápagos Islands, opting for diplomacy and bilateral negotiations over international legal actions. In contrast, Costa Rica has taken its border disputes with Nicaragua to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), relying on its expertise and recognition. These cases challenge neo-institutionalism by suggesting that small states can resolve conflicts without necessarily resorting to specialized international organization. This analysis underscores the complexity and flexibility of small states’ foreign policy in the international arena.
Civilisation as a Sign: new perspectives in civilisation studies
Authors: Oukhvanova-Shmygova Irina F. , Ryushyna Lilia L.
Published: November 2024

The problem of the future of the Eastern and Western civilizations has come to the fore in  civilization studies. There are researchers who insist on the idea of their cooperation, which represents itself whether in a dialogue form (polilogue) or in the form of absorbing one civilization by another. There are also researchers who believe that civilizations do not have much in common, and which is why conflicts are unavoidable. As a result, there appeared four models of civilization development, namely: the Europe-centrism model, the model of the parallel development of the West and East, the model of the clash of civilizations and the model of cultural dialogue. Could they be viewed as something holistic but open to different realizations? The authors give the idea of a synthetic (or rather synergetic) approach to treating civilization development built with the help of the causal-genetic perspective.
The Concept of Order and the Development of Theatre Art
Authors: Bitinaitė-Širvinskienė Raimonda
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the place of theatre art in a theatre system. Applying the sociological model, it attempts to explicate the ability of scenography to maintain or change the order in the multilayer theatre structure the predominance of hierarchical order. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the flexible position of the theatre art in theatre community.
The Rhetorical Trend in Studying Political Metaphor
Authors: Budaev Edward V. , Chudinov Anatoly P.
Published: November 2024

This article deals with the specificity of the theory and practice of the rhetorical trend in studying political metaphor. Most modern scholars carry out research into political metaphor, citing George Lakoff's seminal works on the conceptual metaphor theory. Although Lakoff's contribution to linguistics is beyond doubt, rhetoric and discourse analysis are also considered sources of the modern theory of political metaphor. The rhetorical trend in studying political metaphor in American scientific discourse anteceded the cognitive approach to the concerned phenomenon. One of the earliest investigators of this area was Michael Osborn, whose works on archetypal metaphors were considered the basis for the rhetorical approach to metaphor in political linguistics. Osborn researched politicians' rhetoric and revealed archetypal metaphors as invariable components transcending culture, time, and geography in political communication. Later, linguists tended to focus on revealing archetypal metaphors in political communication; however, the cultural specificity of political metaphors was also under consideration. Some ideas advanced by researchers within the rhetorical trend anticipated Lakoff and Johnson's theses to a certain extent. It is indicative that similar ideas were suggested in Russian linguistics within the trend of stylistics. The rhetorical approach to political metaphor influenced the theory of conceptual metaphor and was considered to be an alternative to it. Yet it is argued that modern scholars of the rhetorical trend are inclined to adopt the heuristics of the cognitive theory of metaphor. Thus, the concurrent development of the trends is characterised by convergence.
Conjunctions in Polish sign language dictionaries and signed texts translated from Polish
Authors: Kozub Monika
Published: November 2024

This study conducts a comparative analysis of conjunctions catalogued in Polish Sign Language (PJM) dictionaries, from historical to contemporary editions, and those used in actual PJM texts translated from Polish. The analysis includes dictionaries from the earliest known Słownik mimiczny dla głuchoniemych i osób z nimi styczność mających (1879) to the contemporary online Korpusowy słownik polskiego języka migowego UW (2016). The main focus of this article is to examine the frequency of certain PJM conjunctions in texts translated by an all-Deaf team. This is exemplified by the multimedia adaptation of the fifth-grade primary school textbook Jutro pójdę w świat 5 (2016), in which all texts are translated into PJM. The results aim to bridge the gap between lexicographical records and actual language use in the deaf community, and to highlight the dynamics of PJM development.
The Gerber bridges in Italy: retracing history to safeguarding existing infrastructures
Authors: Giannetti Ilaria , Di Carlo Fabio , Florio Valentina
Published: November 2024

The static scheme of the Gerber beam was formalized in 1886 when the Bavarian engineer Heinrich Gerber (1832–1912) filed the patent ‘Balkentrager mit freigenden Stuntzpunkten’, introducing the concept of internal hinges within the continuous girder static model. By the 1890s, large metal viaducts constructed applying the Gerber scheme became widely adopted. Subsequently, from around 1930 onwards, the Gerber scheme was extended to reinforced concrete bridges. In Italy, the Gerber scheme was widely applied to reinforced concrete bridges from the 1930s to the 1970s. In this context, the Gerber scheme evolved with the technological advancements in reinforced concrete construction, adapting to the gradual integration of prefabrication techniques, prestressing methods, and the industrialization of castings. The present paper retraces the evolution of the reinforced concrete Gerber bridge in Italy, in the period from 1930 to 1970 approximately, proving the knowledge base framework for the actual assessment and maintenance intervention on existing bridges.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF FEDERAL TERRITORIES
Authors:   Perm State University, Kochev V. A.
Published: November 2024

the author researches: 1) the impact of the federal territories institute on federative relations; 2) models and submodels of public authority in federal territories; 3) territorial, legal and functional specifics of the federal territory “Sirius” of the Russian Federation.
INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIME IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AND IN SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Kuzmenkov V. A.
Published: November 2024

one of the directions of environmental criminology is the study of the influence of ecological situation on the dynamics of crime. In foreign publications the results of researches which have been carried out on the example of separate cities or even the blocks of a city are presented. The best known approaches are the theory of broken windows and the concept of crime prevention through environmental design. The article makes an attempt to study the differences in the state of crime in the countries of the world and regions of the Russian Federation depending on the environmental situation on the basis of the analysis of statistical data. Statistical data of international and Russian environmental and criminological indices are used. It is revealed that countries with a good ecology have a lower level of homicides, but more thefts. In Russian regions no serious statistical connection between ecological indices and rates of homicide, juvenile delinquency, corruption, traffic accidents, poverty, incidence of HIV-infection, and neoplasms was revealed. Crime is explained to a greater extent by the quality of public administration. Thus, we cannot say that statistically valid trends exist in the influence of good environmental conditions on crime reduction.
FREEDOM OF NEGOTIATION AS A SEPARATE ASPECT OF THE PRINCIPLEOF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT: CONTENT AND LIMITS
Authors:   Baikal State University, Raynikov A. S. ,   Raynikov, Andreev and Partners Law Office
Published: November 2024

in the article the argument is made that freedom of negotiation is а separate aspect of the principle of freedom of contract. The importance of this thesis is expressed in the scope of liability of a person who is in breach of the duty to enter into a contract and a person who is in breach of the duty to negotiate in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. The content of the freedom of negotiation is determined. Such freedom consists of the right to decide when and who to negotiate with, to continue, to pause or to end negotiations, to determine terms and procedure for negotiations. In the focus are the limits of freedom of negotiation and the problem of legal opportunity to prohibit negotiation and to impose the obligation to negotiate.
Whitman's Fourth Known Self-Review of Leaves of Grass (1855)
Authors: Turpin Zachary
Published: November 2024

Unknown to scholars of Whitman, a fourth self-review of Whitman's first edition of Leaves of Grass has been hiding in newsprint since 1855. This short piece, published in August 1855, not only provides another early glimpse of Whitman’s views of his own poetry and its need for public curation, but also, I will suggest, hints at previously unknown journalistic writing or editorial work Whitman may have produced during this period. This self-review, titled “A Poet Showing the New York Muscle,” made its original appearance in the New York Sunday Dispatch, a literary weekly, for August 26, 1855, page 4. It is reprinted here for the first time since 1855, and finally under the poet’s own name.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A WIND TURBINE BASED ON TWO SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS
Authors:   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Sattarov Robert R. , Makhiyanov Arthur V. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Miniakhmetova Sofi a O. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: November 2024

Relevance The increasing effects of climate change and the depletion of mineral resources have led to the widespread introduction of renewable energy sources. One of the priority areas in this field is the development of wind energy, based on the conversion of kinetic energy of air currents into other forms of energy. The generation of electricity by utilising wind energy is carried out at wind turbines. The use of permanent magnet synchronous generators in such plants allows for high reliability and efficiency, which in turn makes them more durable and economically viable. Thus, wind energy contributes to the diversification of the energy system, while providing an environmentally friendly and cost-effective source of energy to meet the needs of mankind. Aim of research To study the operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind turbine model based on two synchronous generators with permanent magnets in the Matlab (Simscape) software package. Research methods Modeling of operating modes at low and normal wind speeds of a wind turbine based on two synchronous generators with permanent magnets in the Matlab (Simscape) software package. Results The low and normal wind speed operation modes of a wind turbine based on two permanent magnet synchronous generators were investigated using the Matlab (Simscape) software package. This voltage regulation method can provide the ability to stabilize the voltage and maintain high efficiency at an acceptable level over a wider range of low and normal wind speeds.
INFLUENCE OF BARRIER DISCHARGE POWER ON THE EFFICIENCY OF OZONE FORMATION IN A HONEYCOMB STRUCTURE OZONIZER
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Maksudov Denis V.
Published: November 2024

Relevance Ozone is used in many modern technologies, including for water, air and exhaust gas purification. At the same time, existing ozone production technologies are quite energy-intensive, which prevents their widespread use. In this regard, studies are of interest that allow us to determine the ozonizer power supply parameters and other conditions under which ozone formation occurs with maximum efficiency according to the criterion of specific energy consumption. One of the most important factors influencing the efficiency of ozone formation is the specific power of the barrier discharge, which depends both on its power supply parameters (frequency, shape and amplitude of the applied voltage) and on the design features of the ozonizer itself. Aim of research The purpose of this article is to study the dependence of the ozone concentration at the ozonizer output on the barrier discharge power. Research object Ozonizer. Research methods Mathematical modeling of physical processes, application of the iterative method to achieve a solution. Results A mathematical model of physical and chemical processes in the discharge gaps of a honeycomb ozonizer has been developed, on the basis of which an iterative method has been created that allows determining the spatial distribution of parameters of the gas mixture taking into account their mutual influence. It has been established that with a decrease in the initial temperature of the gas mixture, the maximum of the curve of the dependence of the ozone concentration on the power of the barrier discharge shifts towards an increase in power, and the value of this maximum increases.