bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geleneksel Erzurum Evlerinde Yaşam Alanı: Tandırevi
Authors: Şimşek Yasemin , Numan İbrahim , Topçubaşı Mine
Published: July 2024

Tarihi MÖ 4000’li yıllara dayanan Erzurum, birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış, göç yolları üzerinde olması dolayısıyla, kültürel etkileşimlere açık olmuştur. Binlerce yıl süren bu kültürel birikim ve etkileşim neticesinde; Geleneksel Türk evi mefhumu içerisinde kendine has biçimi ve malzeme özellikleri itibarıyla farklı bir yeri olan Geleneksel Erzurum evi meydana gelmiştir. Geleneksel Erzurum evinin en karakteristik öğesi ise tandırevidir. Tandırevi, iklim ve sosyokültürel hayat gibi değişkenlerle şekillenmiştir ve kendine has bir tasarım anlayışı vardır. Yapıdan bağımsız olarak tasarlanır. En dikkat çekici öğesi kırlangıç tavanıdır. Bunun yanında oturmak için seki, depolama için ambarlar ve dolaplar, dekoratif özellikleriyle terekler, su temin etmek için kurun, yemek pişirilmesi için tandır ve ocaklar bulunur. Bu çalışmada tandırevinin tarihsel süreci, fonksiyonu, bileşenleri ve ev yaşantısındaki konumunun anlatılması amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında Erzurum şehir merkezindeki geleneksel evler incelenmiş, fotoğraflarla belgelenmiştir. Yazılı kaynaklarda yapılan araştırma neticesinde tandırevinin işlevi, malzemeleri, yapısal ve imgesel özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Günlük hayat ve tandırevinin kullanımıyla ilgili olarak da sözlü kaynaklarla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmalar sonucunda; Geleneksel Türk evinde yaşam alanı sofadan farklı olarak Geleneksel Erzurum evinde yemek pişirme, yemek yeme, çamaşır yıkama, misafir ağırlama gibi bu çok fonksiyonlu kullanım ve sağladığı fiziksel imkanlar neticesinde yaşam alanının tandırevi olduğu gerekçelerle açıklanmıştır.
Pomiary kwantowe A.D. 2023
Authors: Demkowicz-Dobrzański Rafał ,   Wydział Fizyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Published: July 2024

In the article a quantum estimation theory perspective on the concept of quantum measurement is presented, as well as the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of quantum metrology, with particular focus on the contribution of a research group from the University of Warsaw to the development of theoretical methods.
A Study on the Language Arts of English and American Literary Translation from a Cross-cultural Perspective
Authors: Liu Yifei
Published: July 2024

British and American literature is one of the mainstreams of world literature and occupies a pivotal position in the world literary arena. However, due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, Chinese people inevitably have to face the constraints of various factors when they appreciate, study and analyze British and American literature. In order to solve this problem, this paper attempts to make a deep analysis of the translated works of British and American literature from a cross-cultural perspective, so that readers can better understand the ideological implications and values contained in British and American literature, so that they can better appreciate art.
From innovation to impact: Establishing a pre-exit philanthropy programme at Imperial College London
Authors: Martin Kristin , Flew Sarah
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of the establishment of pre-exit philanthropy programmes in universities in the US, Australia and Canada, before discussing in detail how Imperial College London started the first pre-exit philanthropy programme at a university in the UK. Readers will learn the history of these programmes and gain insight into the detail of how one university established, grew and stewarded such a programme themselves.
A postgrad marketing journey: How University of Limerick created and implemented its first university-wide postgraduate marketing campaign
Authors: Mccormack Eleanor
Published: July 2024

The Stay Curious campaign for postgraduate studies at the University of Limerick, Ireland is one of the most successful campaigns that the institution has ever had, not just in terms of student recognition and brand recall, but more importantly, in the sense of ownership it has given the campus community. The strength of the campaign has resulted in consistent messaging and narratives across postgraduate marketing as the university continues to implement a devolved model of marketing and communications. The key has been anchoring the campaign in extensive research to achieve mass buy-in and making it as easy as possible for the wider university to get on board — creatively and collaboratively. While they are not without their challenges, this paper should illustrate that devolved models of university marketing and communications can work if there is a strong overarching campaign that key units can get behind. This paper argues that maximising the expertise in-house and maintaining an institutional focus rather than a departmental one can yield positive results.
Workplace inclusion in higher education philanthropy
Authors: Mckee E. John
Published: July 2024

Positive workplace inclusion is important for any business today, but especially so for higher education philanthropy. Higher education philanthropy suffers from high turnover and lack of diversity, making successful workplace inclusion urgent. Higher education philanthropy exacerbates low diversity and high turnover through education bias, compensation and opportunity imbalance, work culture expectations that favour in-group members, low task interdependency, isolation from co-workers, low support from leadership, and burnout. To address the primary challenge of turnover, this paper proposes unit-level measures that higher education philanthropy offices might use to increase inclusion, promote diversity and improve work group performance and morale.
Cultivating a community from collaboration: The secret to a strong vertical video strategy and system
Authors: Meffe-Baccarella Angelia , Rempel Shauna
Published: July 2024

The University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) central social media team has developed an overarching strategy and system over the course of three years, from 2020 to 2023, to help improve their vertical video production while building a community of practice with other internal campus content creators. This case study will discuss the benefits for campus content collaborators. It identifies three types of social video collaborations employed by UTM communications staff to meet the unique requirements and capabilities of different teams. Pulling from the UTM social media team's findings, this paper shares a formula for success used to create vertical videos that improve key performance indicators while building capacity among practitioners. By highlighting strategic practical tips to utilise when creating higher education video content, the authors aim to illuminate the steps involved for those wishing to set up a similar system and strategy. This case study concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid when collaborating with other campus content creators.
Dificuldades de aprendizagem na alfabetização
Authors: Rosa Milena Groetares
Published: July 2024

A alfabetização corresponde aos processos de aprendizagem da decodificação de signos e letras na leitura, sua codificação na intenção da produção escrita de palavras e de numerais, bem como à compreensão tanto da leitura de palavras e textos, quanto de conceitos lógico-matemáticos relativos aos numerais. Durante este processo, podem ocorrer diversos tipos de dificuldades, pois nem todas as crianças irão aprender no mesmo tempo e com a mesma facilidade e naturalidade. Existem dificuldades devido à falta de acesso a livros, ou de incentivo por parte dos pais e por escolarização insuficiente ou inadequada, mas existem também dificuldades de aprendizagem inerentes ao próprio sujeito aprendiz, as quais foram tratadas neste estudo. Elas se manifestam como dislexia, disgrafia, discalculia e disortografia e demandam, por parte dos pais e dos professores, identificação precoce e intervenções por equipe multidisciplinar, além de estratégias pedagógicas de ensino e avaliação diferenciadas, de modo a promover condições saudáveis de escolarização às crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e objetivou analisar o conceito de dificuldades de aprendizagem e a descrever as principais no processo de alfabetização.
Construções educativas do jovem negro Uma análise sobre a subjetividade
Authors: Brandão Viviane Bernadeth Gandra , Alves Vânia de Fátima Noronha
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho consiste em uma discussão teórica sobre as construções educativas do jovem negro, na perspectiva da subjetividade. Desse modo, a temática integra os estudos em relação a educação e a cultura, tendo como hipótese que o processo de formação educativo do jovem negro propicia o seu processo subjetivo no contexto social. Nesse sentido, foi problematizado por meio da seguinte indagação: Como são construídas as práticas educativas do jovem negro considerando a sua subjetividade? Este estudo fundamenta-se metodologicamente em uma revisão bibliográfica fundamentada em leitura intensiva de textos sobre o tema, o que propiciou conhecimentos referente a conjuntura que o jovem negro está inserida, além de compreender as particularidades que cada um vive, o que favorece o processo de subjetivação fundamentado nas práticas educativas.
Determinants of Perinatal Mortality in Arba Minch General Hospital, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Selamnesh , Gebru Zeleke , Mamo Mesifin , Getahun Firdawek , Boti Negussie
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality is one of the major challenges for under-five mortality contributingthree fourth of deaths in neonatal period. In Ethiopia the magnitude of perinatal mortality is among the highest inSub Saharan Africa which ranges 66 to 124 per 1000 births. Factors affecting perinatal death varies among countrieswith related to the health care provided, therefore identifying this factors is important. The objective this study wasto assess determinants of perinatal mortality in Arba Minch Hospital.METHODS: A facility based case control study was conducted using a pre-tested check list on 821 documents(274 cases & 547 controls) reviewed from January 2017 to June 2017 in Arba Minch hospital. Descriptive statisticswas used to describe the status of study population and multi-variable logistic regression used to establish predictorsof perinatal mortality.RESULT: A total of 821 (274 cases & 547 control) documents of included mothers were reviewed. The studyindicated that majority of cases 218(79.6%) & controls 429(78.5%) age were (20-34). About 213(77.7%) for case &490(89.6%) for the control had ANC follow up, 262(95.6%) cases and 106(19.4%) of the controls had at least onetype of obstetric complication & 524(95.8%) of controls & 247(90.1%) of cases were cephalic. This study identifiesobstetric complication (AOR178.941; 95%CI (70.052, 457.087)), use of partogaraph (AOR 8.970; 95%CI (4.801,16.759); gestational age (AOR 0.507; 95% CI (0.261, 0.987)) and mode of delivery (AOR 0.167; 95% CI (0.084,0.331)) as factors that determine perinatal mortality.CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION: History of obstetric complications, use of partograph;gestational age and mode of delivery were factors associated with perinatal mortality. Therefore, hospital staffsparticularly those working at MCH need to give particular emphasis on use of Partogaraph & identifying obstetriccomplication at the time of ANC follow up & delivery.KEY WORDS: perinatal mortality, still birth, Case control, early neonatal death.
ESCALAS DE AVALIAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO NEUROPSICOMOTOR EM PREMATUROS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Melo Andrezza Tayonara Lins
Published: July 2024

Introdução: O desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor inclui a evolução dos  aspectos cognitivos, motores, sociais e afetivos em um indivíduo desde a fase neonatal, onde os principais ganhos ocorrem nos primeiros anos de vida. Diversos estudos apontaram a importância da detecção e intervenção precocemente por meio de instrumentos adequados, deve-se pensar em instrumentos que objetivem o mapeamento e rastreio do desenvolvimento, a partir de referenciais de normalidade e seus desvios. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida maio a Julho de 2024. Para a captação de artigos, foram consultadas as bases de dados: MEDLINE/Pubmed. Como critérios de inclusão, foram considerados artigos experimentais, que versassem sobre o tema. tema proposto publicados na íntegra, nos últimos 5 anos, sem restrição linguística. Foram considerados critérios de exclusão: trabalhos apresentados apenas em forma de resumo/abstract, artigos publicados na íntegra, mas que fossem de relato de caso ou relato de experiência, os artigos que fugiram ao escopo desta revisão, assim como revisões de literatura sobre este mesmo objeto de pesquisa. Resultados e discussão: Foram encontrados 95 estudos. Após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, restaram 45 estudos, em que foram aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão pela leitura dos textos na íntegra, resultando em um total de 8 artigos incluidos nesta revisão. As escalas mais utilizadas foram Escala Motora Infantil Albert, escala cognitiva Bayley-III e Denver-II, todas as escalas apresentaram boa sensibilidade na avaliação do desenvolvimento. Conclusão: Os instrumentos mais utilizados que norteiam e auxiliam no desenvolvimento infantil, sendo indispensáveis para intervir precocemente.
LUTAS NA PERSPECTIVA DA CULTURA CORPORAL DE MOVIMENTO: UMA VIVÊNCIA LÚDICA NA ESCOLA ESTADUAL TÉCNICA DE TEMPO INTEGRAL WINSTON CHURCHILL
Authors: Araújo T.F.F
Published: July 2024

O projeto “Lutas na Perspectiva da Cultura Corporal de Movimento: uma vivência lúdica na Escola Estadual Técnica de Tempo Integral Winston Churchill” foi desenvolvido em 2024, em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, com o objetivo de integrar práticas de lutas e artes marciais ao currículo escolar, ao proporcionar uma experiência educativa inclusiva que promove o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes. As lutas, como Judô, Karatê, Taekwondo, Krav Maga e Capoeira, desempenham um papel crucial na formação cultural e social, oferecendo benefícios físicos e éticos que vão além do corpo. A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC, 2018) destaca a importância de abordagens que promovam o desenvolvimento intelectual, físico, emocional e social. A metodologia do projeto se baseou nos princípios de metodologia ativa de ensino, ao envolver os alunos de maneira participativa e reflexiva. As atividades teóricas incluíram aulas sobre as origens, filosofias e princípios das lutas, debates sobre sua importância na formação de valores e incentivo à pesquisa. As práticas envolveram jogos e dinâmicas que utilizam elementos das lutas para desenvolver habilidades físicas e promover trabalho em equipe. Atividades culturais incluíram exposição de trabalhos e pesquisas sobre a história e a cultura das artes marciais. Os resultados incluíram o aprimoramento de habilidades físicas, internalização de valores éticos e culturais e desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica sobre a importância do movimento corporal para a saúde e o bem-estar. O projeto visou formar indivíduos completos, capazes de aplicar os valores aprendidos na escola em suas vidas cotidianas e interações sociais, promovendo um ambiente de respeito mútuo, disciplina e resiliência. Assim, os alunos foram estimulados a despertar uma consciência crítica acerca da filosofia das lutas e a participarem ativamente do processo de construção da autonomia, auxiliando na preparação de desafios do mundo contemporâneo.
Intrusion Detection System Fog Security Model for the Smart Cities and Urban Sensing
Authors:   Associate Professor, CSE, University College of Engineering,Kakatiya University, Old Paloncha, Telangana 507115,India., N Ramana , E Hari Krishna ,   Asst Professor of ECE, University College of Engineering,Kakatiya University, Old Paloncha, Telangana 507115,India
Published: July 2024

In smart cities, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a critical role in enhancing cybersecurity and safeguarding the interconnected network of devices and systems. Smart cities leverage various technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, and communication networks, to optimize urban services and improve overall efficiency. However, this increased connectivity also introduces vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. This paper presents a thorough exploration of contemporary developments in the domains of security and optimization within the context of smart cities. The rapid integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and technologies in urban environments necessitates robust security frameworks and efficient resource management strategies. The paper begins by scrutinizing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) tailored for smart city networks, evaluating their efficacy in mitigating diverse cyber threats. Novel approaches, such as Anomaly Detection and Firewall systems, are analyzed alongside traditional IDS, providing a comprehensive overview of the security landscape. In parallel, the paper introduces innovative clustering techniques, with a focus on the proposed Flora Optimization Weighted Clustering (FOWC) model. Inspired by biological growth mechanisms, FOWC presents a unique paradigm for optimizing sensor placements in smart cities. A comparative analysis with existing clustering algorithms like LEACH and Genetic Algorithm underscores FOWC’s superior performance in terms of Detection Rate, Precision, Recall, and F1 Score, positioning it as a promising solution for urban sensor network optimization. Beyond security and optimization, the paper addresses broader challenges in the realm of smart cities, including secure IoT applications, intrusion detection for IoT-enabled environments, and the integration of artificial intelligence for enhanced cyber defense. The research studies presented collectively contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of smart cities, offering insights with practical implications for policymakers, urban planners, and technologists.
Antiviral Activities of Compounds Derived from Medicinal Plants against SARS-CoV-2 Based on Molecular Docking of Proteases
Authors: Chebaibi Mohamed , Mssillou Ibrahim , Allali Aimad , Bourhia Mohammed , Bousta Dalila , Boschi Gonçalves Rene Francisco , Hoummani Hasnae , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. , Augustyniak Maria , Giesy John P. , Achour Sanae
Published: July 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the main polyphenols and flavonoids of Syzygium aromaticum and Citrus limon as well as the main organosulfur compounds of Allium sativum against SARS-CoV-2 6LU7 and 6Y2E proteases using in silico molecular docking analysis. Structures of 34 natural products found in three medicinal plants were docked to these two critical proteins. For 6LU7 protease, 24 compounds exhibited binding affinities greater than or equal to -6 Kcal/mol. While, for 6Y2E protease, 6 compounds exhibited binding affinities greater than or equal to -6 Kcal/mol. Molecules with a maximum binding affinity equal to -8.4 kcal/mol show good hydrogen bonds with the two proteases under investigation, 6LU7 and 6Y2E. Diosmin, ellagic acid, narirutin, neoeriocitrin, and neohesperidin were suggested as inhibitors of SARS-COV-2. These compounds might be used therapeutically as complementary medicines and/or to conceptualize new drugs against COVID-19.
Évaluation assistée par IA des psychotraumatismes liés aux lahars dans la commune du Prêcheur aux Antilles françaises
Authors: Jehel Louis , Guidère Mathieu
Published: July 2024

Objectifs Les catastrophes naturelles ont des conséquences importantes sur la santé mentale. Les données recueillies auprès de la population offrent une occasion unique de surveillance après les catastrophes pour aider à identifier les besoins de soutien psychologique. L’objectif de cette étude est : 1) d’identifier les aspects psychopathologiques pour la commune du Prêcheur soumise au risque de lahars (laves volcaniques) ; et 2) de phénotyper les aspects psychopathologiques à partir des données recueillies auprès de la population.

Méthode Nous avons appliqué une méthode de psychophénotypage assistée par l’intelligence artificielle (IA) sur les données de 40 personnes sur une durée de 20 mois, pour extraire les aspects psychopathologiques et psychiatriques liés aux aléas naturels traumatisants (lahars). Ensuite, nous les avons comparées aux résultats de tests psychométriques mesurant l’état global de santé mentale ainsi que l’état de stress posttraumatique.

Résultats La rumination et la négativation figuraient parmi les aspects psychopathologiques les plus importants identifiés. De plus, nous avons noté la présence de la reviviscence et de l’évitement comme dimensions psychiatriques de base au fil du temps. Parmi celles-ci, l’évitement cognitif et l’évitement émotionnel ont été identifiés et semblent avoir émergés après la catastrophe.

Conclusion Nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche de surveillance syndromique pour la santé mentale basée sur les données numériques qui peut soutenir les approches conventionnelles en fournissant des informations supplémentaires utiles dans le contexte d’une catastrophe. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour mieux contrôler les biais, identifier les associations avec des instruments valides et explorer des méthodes de calcul pour un ajustement continu du modèle d’analyse assisté par IA.
Addiction aux substances psychoactives chez les médecins résidents au Maroc : étude transversale multicentrique
Authors: Echater Sara , Hasnaoui Mohammed , Barrimi Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Introduction L’usage des substances psychoactives chez les médecins résidents est un problème sous-estimé, mal connu et grave en raison de ses conséquences négatives sur la santé des médecins ainsi que pour la santé et la sécurité des patients dont ils ont la charge.

Objectif L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la prévalence et les facteurs associés à la consommation des substances psychoactives (SPA) chez les médecins résidents au niveau des différents centres hospitaliers universitaires du Maroc.

Méthode Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale multicentrique descriptive et analytique portant sur les médecins résidents des 7 centres hospitaliers universitaires du Maroc. Les médecins résidents ont été sollicités à participer de manière volontaire en remplissant un autoquestionnaire anonyme sur Google Forms, lequel leur a été envoyé par courriel.

Résultats Le questionnaire a été rempli par 310 médecins résidents, soit 11,07 % de la population totale des médecins résidents au Maroc. Parmi les participants, 16,1 % (n = 50) ont déclaré consommer une ou plusieurs substances psychoactives, dont 11,1 % (n = 37) du tabac, 10 % (n = 31) de l’alcool et 6,1 % (n = 19) du cannabis. Les consommations d’ectasy et de cocaïne ont été observées chez 0,7 % (n = 2) pour chaque substance. En outre, 11,9 % (n = 37) des médecins résidents ont des troubles psychiatriques, et 3,2 % (n = 10) ont déjà fait au moins une tentative de suicide. La consommation de substances psychoactives chez les médecins résidents était statistiquement significativement associée au sexe masculin (4,59 [2,20-9,57] ; p = 0,000), ainsi qu’à la spécialité chirurgicale (0,48 [0,26-0,88] ; p = 0,017).

Conclusion Au terme de ce travail, nous avons constaté que la consommation des substances psychoactives est fréquente chez les médecins résidents d’où la nécessité des mesures de prévention et de soutien adaptées pour ces derniers.
Discours présidentiel : les historien.ne.s au présent
Authors: High Steven
Published: July 2024

Le discours présidentiel de Steven High, prononcé à l’Université York en mai 2023, aborde de nombreuses questions auxquelles notre discipline est confrontée et ce que signifie être historien.ne à l’heure actuelle. Malgré la polarisation politique extrême de notre époque, il exprime son admiration pour le courage de nombreux historiens et de nombreuses historiennes qui continuent de dire la vérité au pouvoir, même au prix des risques considérables encourus. Il se penche également sur la question de la violence structurelle de la précarité au sein de notre discipline et ce que nous, en tant qu’association professionnelle, pouvons faire à ce sujet.
“A Nation is Ill Served by a History which is Not Genuine:” The Past, Present, and Future of the Records of the Department of Indian Affairs
Authors: Bak Greg , Storey Kenton
Published: July 2024

The records of the Department of Indian Affairs, commonly known as RG10, are among the most important primary sources in researching the intercultural history of Canadian colonialism. In reflecting on the history and future of RG10, we start from the TRC’s Calls to Action 69 and 70, which maintain that Indigenous Peoples should exert greater control over access to and management of archives in which they have an interest. This is consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Joinet Orentlicher Principles, Section 35 of the Canadian Constitution and the First Nations Information Governance Centre’s Principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®). Additionally, we advocate for Indigenous control of RG10 because these records are fundamentally different from other government records. RG10 is imbued with institutionalized violence through the government’s efforts to undermine Indigenous Peoples and their cultures, languages, and spiritualities. This makes RG10 a source of misinformation about and harm to Indigenous nations, communities, families, and individuals, in addition to being, often, a unique and irreplaceable source for histories of Canadian colonialism and for personal, family, community and national Indigenous histories. We consider the ways in which past and present archiving of RG10 has created further harms and complications, and how changes in archival practices may affect the future of historical research and writing.
Indigenous Visual History: Remembering “Us” in Indian Residential School Hockey Photographs
Authors: Giancarlo Alexandra , Forsyth Janice
Published: July 2024

Photography was a potent settler colonial technology that was employed — and contested — in the residential school system. In one photographic campaign, the Canadian government marshalled images of Indigenous children on a once-in-a-lifetime hockey excursion to publicly convey it was successfully assimilating them into Euro-Canadian society. The 1951 Sioux Lookout Black Hawks, a residential school hockey team from the Pelican Lake Indian Residential School (Anglican) in northwestern Ontario, were taken on a whirlwind exhibition tour to Ottawa and Toronto. They were celebrated by high-ranking governmental and Anglican church officials who posed alongside them in a series of professional photographs taken by a National Film Board’s Still Photography Division photographer and commissioned by the Department of Indian Affairs. These photographs suggested that hockey fostered appropriate masculinity and citizenship values, in line with the government’s assimilationist agenda. The responses of three hockey players shown in these images some seventy years after they were taken, and our exploration of how the survivors interpellated the colonial knowledge embedded in the photographs to reconstitute their own subjectivities, extends the small-but-growing canon of visual repatriation, where archival photographs are “returned” to Indigenous communities who were the subjects of the colonizers’ lenses. Ultimately, we demonstrate how the survivors’ responses to the photographs (and their implied meanings) comprise technologies of Indigenous memory that re-centre themselves and their communities as authors of their own stories, and, thus, their epistemic futures.
“Everybody Against VD!” The Health League’s Wartime Film and Lecture Events
Authors: Moretto Enrico
Published: July 2024

The Second World War saw the Health League of Canada revive its campaign to combat syphilis and gonorrhea among Canadians, a task made urgent by the perceived need to secure moral and medical advantages for the dominion during a global conflict. While the league strongly supported public venereal disease education, it was also convinced that Canadians would benefit most from a hybrid “moral-medical” model of teaching that blended scientific information with moral instruction. By examining the content presented to audiences in film and lecture events — a staple of the organization’s wartime activities, which blended entertainment, health education, and moral instruction — it becomes clear that the advice the league extended to Canadians was intended to reassert the importance of morality to public health at a time when increasingly effective treatments for venereal disease lessened the impact of infection. For the league, sexual activity within the confines of heterosexual marriage was the only morally and medically tenable form sexuality could take; any other alternative endangered the bodies and minds of Canadians at a time when their nation needed them at their healthiest.
Open Secrets: Methods and Archives in Chinese Canadian Histories
Authors: Ng Melanie K.
Published: July 2024

From the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, anti-Chinese immigration laws structured the restriction and exclusion of Chinese migrants in Canada. However, Chinese strategies used to circumvent these laws were open secrets. This article examines the strategy of paper family migration to investigate the following ethical and methodological dilemmas: What is a secret? How might we study secrets without exposing community knowledge? How do we find archival traces of people who do not wish to be found? Chinese migrants created paper families when they purchased the identification papers, and performed the identity, of a person who was legally admissible to the country, a process I call passing. My contribution to this forum takes paper families as an opportunity to consider the role of secrecy in both Chinese migrants’ passing and efforts by immigration agents to regulate them. I argue that secrecy conditioned knowledge production for Chinese paper families and state officials. Rather than approach secrets as hidden knowledge, I understand secrets as a particular kind of knowledge. Doing so not only avoids the risks of exposing passers but offers a method for studying secrecy that foregrounds understandings of why these secrets were produced, how they were kept, and what they achieved.
More Than a Face: Beyond Community
Authors: Madokoro Laura
Published: July 2024

Based on the making of a public-facing virtual exhibit titled More Than a Face, this article explores the entangled relationship between identity, academic research, and community. In tracing the origins and conceptual frameworks that shaped the development of this exhibit, the author reflects on lessons learned from this project and on how these intersect with initiatives around equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the Canadian academic context. Rather than taking the subject of “Asian Canadian history” as a given, this article combines a scholarly inquiry into the making of the More Than a Face exhibit with personal reflections to consider the relationships that researchers have with communities and academic categories of identity and belonging.
Smell and Aftersmell: Fast Calcium Imaging Dynamics of Honey Bee Olfactory Coding
Authors: Paoli Marco , Wystrach Antoine , Ronsin Brice , Giurfa Martin
Published: July 2024

Odour processing exhibits multiple parallels between vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory systems. Insects, in particular, have emerged as relevant models for olfactory studies because of the tractability of their olfactory circuits. Here, we used fast calcium imaging to track the activity of projection neurons in the honey bee antennal lobe (AL) during olfactory stimulation at high temporal resolution. We observed a heterogeneity of response profiles and an abundance of inhibitory activities, resulting in various response latencies and stimulus- specific post-odour neural signatures. Recorded calcium signals were fed to a mushroom body (MB) model constructed implementing the fundamental features of connectivity between olfactory projection neurons, Kenyon cells (KC), and MB output neurons (MBON). The model accounts for the increase of odorant discrimination in the MB compared to the AL and reveals the recruitment of two distinct KC populations that represent odorants and their aftersmell as two separate but temporally coherent neural objects. Finally, we showed that the learning- induced modulation of KC-to-MBON synapses can explain both the variations in associative learning scores across different conditioning protocols used in bees and the bees’ response latency. Thus, it provides a simple explanation of how the time contingency between the stimulus and the reward can be encoded without the need for time tracking. This study broadens our understanding of olfactory coding and learning in honey bees. It demonstrates that a model based on simple MB connectivity rules and fed with real physiological data can explain fundamental aspects of odour processing and associative learning.
Distinct catecholaminergic pathways projecting to hippocampal CA1 transmit contrasting signals during navigation in familiar and novel environments
Authors: Heer Chad M , Sheffield Mark EJ
Published: July 2024

Neuromodulatory inputs to the hippocampus play pivotal roles in modulating synaptic plasticity, shaping neuronal activity, and influencing learning and memory. Recently it has been shown that the main sources of catecholamines to the hippocampus, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus coeruleus (LC), may have overlapping release of neurotransmitters and effects on the hippocampus. Therefore, to dissect the impacts of both VTA and LC circuits on hippocampal function, a thorough examination of how these pathways might differentially operate during behavior and learning is necessary. We therefore utilized 2-photon microscopy to functionally image the activity of VTA and LC axons within the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in head-fixed male mice navigating linear paths within virtual reality (VR) environments. We found that within familiar environments some VTA axons and the vast majority of LC axons showed a correlation with the animals’ running speed. However, as mice approached previously learned rewarded locations, a large majority of VTA axons exhibited a gradual ramping-up of activity, peaking at the reward location. In contrast, LC axons displayed a pre-movement signal predictive of the animal’s transition from immobility to movement. Interestingly, a marked divergence emerged following a switch from the familiar to novel VR environments. Many LC axons showed large increases in activity that remained elevated for over a minute, while the previously observed VTA axon ramping-to-reward dynamics disappeared during the same period. In conclusion, these findings highlight distinct roles of VTA and LC catecholaminergic inputs in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region. These inputs encode unique information, with reward information in VTA inputs and novelty and kinematic information in LC inputs, likely contributing to differential modulation of hippocampal activity during behavior and learning.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of eyespot anti-predator mechanisms
Authors: Mizuno Ayumi , Lagisz Malgorzata , Pollo Pietro , Yang Yefeng , Soma Masayo , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: July 2024

Eyespot patterns have evolved in many prey species. These patterns were traditionally explained by the eye mimicry hypothesis, which proposes that eyespots resembling vertebrate eyes function as predator avoidance. However, it is possible that eyespots do not mimic eyes: according to the conspicuousness hypothesis, eyespots are just one form of vivid signals where only conspicuousness matters. They might work simply through neophobia or unfamiliarity, without necessarily implying aposematism or the unprofitability to potential predators. To test these hypotheses and explore factors influencing predators’ responses, we conducted a meta-analysis with 33 empirical papers that focused on bird responses to both real lepidopterans and artificial targets with conspicuous patterns (i.e. eyespots and non-eyespots). Supporting the latter hypothesis, the results showed no clear difference in predator avoidance efficacy between eyespots and non-eyespots. When comparing geometric pattern characteristics, bigger pattern sizes and smaller numbers of patterns were more effective in preventing avian predation. This finding indicates that single concentric patterns have stronger deterring effects than paired ones. Taken together, our study supports the conspicuousness hypothesis more than the eye mimicry hypothesis. Due to the number and species coverage of published studies so far, the generalisability of our conclusion may be limited. The findings highlight that pattern conspicuousness is key to eliciting avian avoidance responses, shedding a different light on this classic example of signal evolution.
A split-GAL4 driver line resource for Drosophila CNS cell types
Authors: Meissner Geoffrey W , Vannan Allison , Jeter Jennifer , Close Kari , DePasquale Gina M , Dorman Zachary , Forster Kaitlyn , Beringer Jaye Anne , Gibney Theresa V , Hausenfluck Joanna H , He Yisheng , Henderson Kristin , Johnson Lauren , Johnston Rebecca M , Ihrke Gudrun , Iyer Nirmala , Lazarus Rachel , Lee Kelley , Li Hsing-Hsi , Liaw Hua-Peng , Melton Brian , Miller Scott , Motaher Reeham , Novak Alexandra , Ogundeyi Omotara , Petruncio Alyson , Price Jacquelyn , Protopapas Sophia , Tae Susana , Taylor Jennifer , Vorimo Rebecca , Yarbrough Brianna , Zeng Kevin Xiankun , Zugates Christopher T , Dionne Heather , Angstadt Claire , Ashley Kelly , Cavallaro Amanda , Dang Tam , Gonzalez Guillermo A , Hibbard Karen L , Huang Cuizhen , Kao Jui-Chun , Laverty Todd , Mercer Monti , Perez Brenda , Pitts Scarlett , Ruiz Danielle , Vallanadu Viruthika , Zheng Grace Zhiyu , Goina Cristian , Otsuna Hideo , Rokicki Konrad , Svirskas Robert R , Cheong Han SJ , Dolan Michael-John , Ehrhardt Erica , Feng Kai , El Galfi Basel , Goldammer Jens , Huston Stephen J , Hu Nan , Ito Masayoshi , McKellar Claire , Minegishi Ryo , Namiki Shigehiro , Nern Aljoscha , Schretter Catherine E , Sterne Gabriella R , Venkatasubramanian Lalanti , Wang Kaiyu , Wolff Tanya , Wu Ming , George Reed , Malkesman Oz , Aso Yoshinori , Card Gwyneth M , Dickson Barry J , Korff Wyatt , Ito Kei , Truman James W , Zlatic Marta , Rubin Gerald M ,   FlyLight Project Team
Published: July 2024

Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets of neurons in the fly central nervous system have greatly facilitated our understanding of the neural basis of behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting of cell types in
Drosophila melanogaster
and other species. We describe here a collection of 3060 lines targeting a range of cell types in the adult
Drosophila
central nervous system and 1373 lines characterized in third-instar larvae. These tools enable functional, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies based on precise anatomical targeting. NeuronBridge and other search tools relate light microscopy images of these split-GAL4 lines to connectomes reconstructed from electron microscopy images. The collections are the result of screening over 77,000 split hemidriver combinations. In addition to images and fly stocks for these well-characterized lines, we make available 300,000 new 3D images of other split-GAL4 lines.
Segment-specific axon guidance by Wnt/Fz signaling diversifies motor commands in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Takagi Suguru , Takano Shiina , Hashimoto Yusaku , Morise Shu , Zeng Xiangsunze , Nose Akinao
Published: July 2024

Functional diversification of homologous neuronal microcircuits is a widespread feature observed across brain regions as well as across species, while its molecular and developmental mechanisms remain largely unknown. We address this question in
Drosophila
larvae by focusing on segmentally homologous Wave command-like neurons, which diversify their wiring and function in a segment-specific manner. Anterior Wave (a-Wave) neurons extend axons anteriorly and connect to circuits inducing backward locomotion, whereas posterior Wave (p-Wave) neurons extend axons posteriorly and trigger forward locomotion. Here, we show that Frizzled receptors DFz2 and DFz4, together with the DWnt4 ligand, regulate the segment-specific Wave axon projection.
DFz2
knock-down (KD) not only reroutes Wave axons to posterior neuromeres but also biases its motor command to induce forward instead of backward locomotion as tactile response. Thus, segment-specific axon guidance diversifies the function of homologous command neurons in behavioral regulation. Since control of anterior-posterior (A-P) axon guidance by Wnt/Fz-signaling is evolutionarily conserved, our results reveal a potentially universal molecular principle for formation and diversification of the command system in the nerve cord. Furthermore, this work indicates that sensorimotor transduction can be rerouted by manipulating a single gene in a single class of neurons, potentially facilitating the evolutionary flexibility in action selection.
Detecting directed motion and confinement in single-particle trajectories using hidden variables
Authors: Simon François , Ramadier Guillaume , Fonquernie Inès , Zsok Janka , Patskovsky Sergiy , Meunier Michel , Boudoux Caroline , Dultz Elisa , Weiss Lucien E
Published: July 2024

Single-particle tracking is a powerful tool for understanding protein dynamics and characterizing microenvironments. As the motion of unconstrained nanoscale particles is governed by Brownian diffusion, deviations from this behavior are biophysically insightful. However, the stochastic nature of particle movement and the presence of localization error pose a challenge for the robust classification of non-Brownian motion. Here, we present
aTrack
, a versatile tool for classifying track behaviors and extracting key parameters for particles undergoing Brownian, confined, or directed motion. Our tool quickly and accurately estimates motion parameters from individual tracks and determines their likely motion state. Further, our tool can analyze populations of tracks and determine the most likely number of motion states. We determine the working range of our approach on simulated tracks and demonstrate its application for characterizing particle motion in cells and for biosensing applications. Our tool is implemented as a stand-alone software package, making it simple to analyze tracking data.
Combined hyperglycemic crises in adult patients already exist in Latin America.
Authors: Guzmán Guillermo Edinson , Martínez Veline , Romero Sebastián , Cardozo María Mercedes , Guerra María Angélica , Arias Oriana
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases worldwide, with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Its prevalence has been increasing, as well as its acute complications, such as hyperglycemic crises. Hyperglycemic crises can present with combined features of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar state. However, their implications are not fully understood.Objective. To describe the characteristics, outcomes, and complications of the diabetic population with hyperglycemic crises and to value the combined state in the Latin American population.Materials and methods. Retrospective observational study of all hyperglycemic crises treated in the intensive care unit of the Fundación Valle del Lili between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Descriptive analysis and prevalence ratio estimation for deaths were performed using the robust Poisson regression method.Results. There were 317 patients with confirmed hyperglycemic crises, 43 (13.56%) with diabetic ketoacidosis, 9 (2.83%) in hyperosmolar state, and 265 (83.59%) with combined diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar state. Infection was the most frequent triggering cause (52.52%). Fatalities due to ketoacidosis occurred in four patients (9.30%) and combined diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar state in 22 patients (8.30%); no patient had a hyperosmolar state. Mechanical ventilation was associated with death occurrence (adjusted PR = 1.15; 95 % CI 95 = 1.06 - 1.24).Conclusions. The combined state was the most prevalent presentation of the hyperglycemic crisis, with a mortality rate similar to diabetic ketoacidosis. Invasive mechanical ventilation was associated with a higher occurrence of death.
Clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and stress hyperglycemia that developed SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Fériz-Bonelo Karen M. , Iriarte-Durán María B. , Giraldo Oscar , Parra -Lara Luis G. , Martínez Veline , Urbano María A. , Guzmán Guillermo
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Diabetes and stress hyperglycemia have been related with poorer clinical outcomes in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and at risk for severe disease.Objective. To evaluate clinical outcomes in three groups of patients (with diabetes, without diabetes and with stress hyperglycemia) with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Cali (Colombia). We included patients 18 years old or older with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, managed in the emergency room, hospitalization, or intensive care unit between March 2020 and December 2021. Immunocompromised patients and pregnant women were excluded. Patients were classified into three groups: without diabetes, with diabetes, and with stress hyperglycemia. A comparison between the groups was performed.Results. A total of 945 patients were included (59.6% without diabetes, 27% with diabetes, and 13.4% with stress hyperglycemia). Fifty-five-point three percent required intensive care unit management, with a higher need in patients with stress hyperglycemia (89.8%) and diabetes (67.1%), with no difference between these groups (p = 0.249). We identified a higher probability of death in the group with stress hyperglycemia versus the one without diabetes (adjusted OR = 8.12; 95% CI: 5.12-12.88; p < 0.01). Frequency of acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, use of vasopressors and inotropes, need for de novo renal replacement therapy, and mortality was higher in patients with metabolic alterations (diabetes and stress hyperglycemia).Conclusions. Diabetes and stress hyperglycemia were associated with worse clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. These patients should be identified early and considered them high risk at the COVID-19 diagnosis to mitigate adverse outcomes.
Stroke associated with primary membranous nephropathy in a young adult: Case report
Authors: Morales Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Stroke in young individuals is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its causes can vary widely, so a thorough investigation by a multidisciplinary team is needed. Pinpointing the precise underlying pathology responsible for the stroke yields benefits for patients, particularly in recurrent events.Case presentation. A 38-year-old man presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of stroke, including right hemiparesis, dysarthria, ataxic gait, and right central facial palsy. The brain magnetic resonance image revealed an ischemic lesion located in the left basal ganglia and near the corona radiata. Following an extensive workup, a diagnosis of nephrotic was reached. Histopathology and the exclusion of secondary causes confirmed primary membranous nephropathy as the underlying condition.The patient underwent treatment tailored to address the specific glomerulopathy, along with anticoagulation therapy and immunosuppression as per current guidelines. Subsequent assessments showed stabilization of renal function, resolution of the edema, and the absence of new thromboembolic events during follow-up.Conclusion. The nephrotic syndrome should be recognized as a potential underlying cause of stroke in young patients and, therefore, it should be included in the differential diagnosis during the evaluation of patients with coagulopathies. Nephrotic syndrome screening may be done by conducting a simple urinalysis readily available in most healthcare facilities.This underlines the importance of considering renal pathology in the assessment of stroke etiologies, especially when coagulation abnormalities are present.