bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone alleviates oxidative stress and improves IVF outcomes in Chinese women with poor ovarian response: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gong Yan , Zhang Kun , Xiong Dongsheng , Wei Jiajing , Tan Hao , Qin Shengfang
Published: March 2020

Background Oxidative stress (OS), defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) excessive production and antioxidant insufficient, has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of poor ovarian response (POR). Growth hormone (GH) can function reduce OS in some types of cells. This study investigated whether GH can significantly improve OS and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes in patients with POR.Methods This study enrolled 105 and 58 patients with and without POR (controls), respectively, diagnosed according to the Bologna criteria, who underwent conventional IVF-ET. Patients with POR were randomly assigned to two groups: POR-GH group: pretreatment with GH 4IU/d on day 2 of the previous menstrual cycle before IVF till the trigger day; POR-C group: no pretreatment. The markers of OS in follicle fluid (FF),reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in granulosa cells (GC), and IVF outcomes of the patients were compared between the three groups.Result(s) The endometrial thickness on trigger day, number of cleaved embryos, higher quality embryos, the rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy were significantly increased in POR-GH group compared with POR-C group (P<0.05). Moreover, the FF malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and ROS levels in GC were significantly higher,whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly lower in POR-C group compared with non-POR group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the FF TAC was significantly increased, whereas TOS, OSI and intracellular ROS levels were significantly reduced in POR-GH group compared with POR-C group (P<0.05).Conclusion(s) Pretreatment with GH alleviated OS and improved oocyte quality and IVF outcomes in patients with POR.Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. ChiCTR1900021269. Registered 8 February 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35837&htm=4.
The determinant of National Vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Oumer Mohammed M. , Mengestu Zelalem , Yitayih Sewbesew , Mequanent Malede , Molla Ayenew
Published: March 2020

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in many low-income countries including Ethiopia. Globally, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is estimated to be 190 million among children under-five age causing one up to two million deaths annually.Its periodic supply is a major intervention program to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and blindness among the children in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine associated factors of national vitamin A supplementationamong children aged 6-59 monthsusing the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study design wasperformed to determine factors associated with the vitamin A supplyamong children aged between 6 and 59 monthswithin the last six months before the start of the survey. A univariateanalysis, bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression, and generalized linear mixed effect model were appliedto analyze the data. Results: After adjusting for covariates; the odds of taking vitamin A supply were 1.3 times, 1.7 times, and 1.8 times higher among the women who had two, three, and four and above antenatal care visits, respectively. The mothers’ employment status, health cheek up after their delivery,and theirhealth facility delivery were positively influence the uptake of the vitamin A capsule. In addition,women residing in the communities with high proportion of the media exposure[AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 1.17 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.37)]were positively associated with the receipt of vitamin A capsule.Random effects indicated that the variation on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation between the communities was statistically significant in all stage of the models. Conclusions: The individual and community level characteristics had a significant influence on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in policy formulation and programming in order to improve the coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia. Keywords: Vitamin A supply, associated factors, multilevellogistic regression analysis, Ethiopia
Success Rate of Three Capping Materials used in Pulpotomy of Primary Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gawad Randa Youssef Abd Al , Hatem Rasha Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Background: Carious primary molars, symptomless, or with reversible pulpitis are most frequently treated with pulpotomy to maintain arch integrity, otherwise they would be extracted. The present study was conducted to assess clinically and radiographically the success rate of three capping materials: Nanohydroxyapatite (NHA), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Formocresol (FC) in pulpotomy of primary molars.Methods: A clinical trial was carried out on healthy, four to eight years old children, with 72 second primary molars indicated for pulpotomy. Molars were divided into 3 equal groups (24 teeth each) designated to NHA (group 1), MTA (group 2) and FC (group 3) as pulp medicaments. Treated teeth were finally restored with stainless steel crowns. Subjects were monitored clinically and radiographically at three, six- and twelve-months time intervals. The difference in success rate between groups at the same time point was evaluated using Chi square test. Significant level was set at p <0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available software program SPSS version 21.Results: The highest overall success was recorded in MTA group (90.5%), followed by FC group (76.2%). The least overall success was found in NHA group (72.2%). Statistical analysis of data revealed that the difference between the three groups was not statistically significant.Conclusions: MTA is still the material of choice for pulpotomy in primary molars. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the use of NHA as a potential alternative to MTA.Trial registration: This trial was registered on Clincal.Trial.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov.), on February 8, 2019 (Retrospectively registered). The protocol ID is 181053. The Identifier is NCT03833557.
The Challenges of Health Services at Senior Centers in an Urban South Korean Community: A Mixed-Method Approach, Focusing on the Role of Nurses
Authors: Yun Mi Ra , Lee Soo Jin , Song Misoon , Seo Kyoungsan , Choi Jeong Shil , Ko Ha Na , Choi Suyoung , Yu Boas
Published: March 2020

Background This study aimed to identify the current challenges of health services provided by senior centers in South Korea and to determine recommendations for improving service to community-dwelling older adults, focusing on the nurse’s role. Methods Quantitative data were obtained from a survey of 30 nurses at senior centers in Seoul, South Korea. In addition, focus group interviews were conducted with 6 senior center nurses, 5 health experts, and 4 attendees of senior centers (n = 15). Content analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data. Results The study results revealed several challenges, including insufficient health services; a lack of human resources; non-systematic and overlapping health services; and a lack of legal clarification of nurses’ roles. Our recommendations for improvement are that senior centers should: focus on disease prevention and chronic disease management; be hubs to connect health and welfare services; empower nurse’s role and capacity; and establish legal regulation and adequate staffing for nurses. Conclusions These findings are important for improving the senior centers in playing a key role in contributing to health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management among older individuals in South Korea.
Mastery and self-esteem mediate the association between visual acuity and mental health: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Aa Hilde PA van der , Maaswinkel Ivar M , Rens Ger HMB van , Beekman Aartjan TF , Twisk Jos WR , Nispen Ruth MA van
Published: March 2020

Background With deteriorating eyesight, people often become dependent on others for many aspects of their daily lives. As a result, they feel less ‘in control’ and experience lower self-esteem. Lower sense of mastery and self-esteem are known to predict depression, but their roles in people with visual impairment remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of mastery and self-esteem on the relationship between visual acuity and mental health. Methods A longitudinal cohort study was performed using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Data on vision was available from the fifth cycle (2001), with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. A community-based population was studied, containing older adults from eleven municipalities in three culturally distinct geographical regions in the Netherlands. A total of 2599 older adults (aged 55 to 85 years at baseline) were included, who were randomly selected from population registers in 1992. The first (2001) and last (2012) included measurements contained 1961 and 1522 participants, respectively. Primary study outcomes were logMAR visual acuity, sense of mastery, self-esteem, depression and anxiety. Instead of standard questionnaire scores, latent trait scores (θ) were obtained through -) Item Response Theory (IRT-) analysis. Results Mean age was 72 years, with 56% females and 2% qualifying as low vision. Visual impairment was associated with a lower sense of mastery (β = -0.477, p < 0.001), lower self-esteem (β = -0.166, p = 0.008) and more depression (β = 0.235, p < 0.001). No significant association between visual acuity and anxiety was found. The relationship between visual acuity and depression was mediated partially by self-esteem (25%) and fully by sense of mastery (76%). Conclusions Vision loss was associated with depression. This association was mediated by self-esteem and sense of mastery. This provides us with new possibilities to identify, support and treat those at risk for developing depression by aiming to increase their self-esteem and sense of mastery.
miR-103 promotes the progression of non-Hodgkins lymphoma by inhibiting OTUD7B expression
Authors: Wang Chong , Wu Yating , Li Mengya , Wang Shujuan , Liu Yanfang
Published: March 2020

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital for regulating the malignant phenotypes of tumor cells. The purpose of this work is to investigate the function and downstream mechanism of miR-103 in the progression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods and Materials Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect miR-103 and OTU deubiquitinase 7B (OTUD7B) mRNA expressions in NHL tissues and cells. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of OTUD7B in NHL tissues and cells. CCK-8 experiment, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell experiment were used to detect the role of NHL cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the targeting relationship between miR-103 and OTUD7B. NF-κB p65 luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were applied to determine NF-κB activity and the expression of NF-κB targeted genes. Results Compared to normal tissues and cells, miR-103 expression levels were remarkably up-regulated in NHL tissues and cell lines. The up-regulation of miR-103 dramatically promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of NHL cells and inhibited apoptosis. Conversely, down-regulating miR-103 significantly inhibited malignant phenotypes of the NHL cells. Additionally, OTUD7B was identified as a target gene of miR-103, and miR-103 increased NF-κB activity indirectly via repressing OTUD7B. Conclusion The miR-103/OTUD7B/NF-κB axis is involved in NHL progression.
The ERG1 Potassium Channel is More Abundant in Skeletal Muscle from Cachectic than Healthy Humans
Authors: Zampieri Sandra , Sandri Marco , Cheatwood Joseph L. , Balaraman Rajesh P. , Anderson Luke B. , Cobb Brittan A. , Latour Chase D. , Hockerman Gregory H. , Kern Helmut , Sartori Roberta , Ravara Barbara , Merigliano Stefano , Dalt Gianfranco Da , Davie Judith K. , Kohli Punit , Carraro Ugo , Pond Amber L
Published: March 2020

Background: The ERG1a potassium channel has been detected in the atrophying skeletal muscle of mice experiencing either muscle disuse or cancer cachexia and further evidenced to contribute to muscle deterioration by enhancing ubiquitin proteolysis; however, to our knowledge, ERG1 has not been reported in human skeletal muscle. Methods and Results: Here, using immunohistochemistry, we detect ERG1 immunofluorescence in human Rectus abdominis skeletal muscle sarcolemma. Further, using single point brightness data, we report detection of ERG1 immunofluorescence at low levels in the Rectus abdominis muscle sarcolemma of young adult humans and show that it trends toward greater levels (10.6%) in healthy aged adults. Interestingly, we detect ERG1 immunofluorescence at a statistically greater level (53.6%; p<0.05) in the skeletal muscle of older people having cancer cachexia than in age-matched adults. Importantly, using immunoblot, we reveal that ERG1 protein is 38% (p<0.09) more abundant in the skeletal muscle of cachectic older adults than in healthy age-matched controls. Additionally, we report that the ERG1 fluorescent pattern is consistent with I-band localization. Conclusions: The data suggest that ERG1 may be related to muscle loss in humans and is located in t-tubules where it could influence calcium handling.
The human gut archaeome: identification of diverse haloarchaea in Korean subjects
Authors: Kim Joon Yong , Whon Tae Woong , Lim Mi Young , Kim Yeon Bee , Kim Namhee , Kwon Min-Sung , Kim Juseok , Lee Se Hee , Choi Hak-Jong , Nam In-Hyun , Chung Won-Hyung , Kim Jung-Ha , Bae Jin-Woo , Roh Seong Woon , Nam Young-Do
Published: March 2020

Background Archaea are the least-studied members of the gut-dwelling autochthonous microbiota. Few studies have reported the exclusive dominance of methanogens in the archaeal microbiome (archaeome) of the human gut, although information regarding the diversity and abundance of other archaeal phylotypes is limited. Results We surveyed the archaeome in the faecal samples collected from 897 normal East Asian subjects living in South Korea. In total, 42.47% faecal samples were positive for archaeal colonization, which were subsequently subjected to archaeal 16S rRNA gene deep sequencing and abundance estimation. The mean archaeal abundance was 9.89 ± 4.48% of the total bacterial and archaeal abundance. We observed extensive colonization of haloarchaea (95.53%) in the Korean gut, with 9.63% mean relative abundance in archaeal communities. Haloarchaea were relatively more abundant than methanogens in certain samples. The presence of haloarchaea was also verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Owing to large inter-individual variations, we categorized the human gut archaeome into four archaeal enterotypes. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the human gut archaeome is indigenous, responsive, and functional, expanding our understanding of the archaeal signature in the gut of normal healthy individuals.
Benchmarking the research track record and level of appointment of Australian medical laboratory science academics
Authors: Donkin Rebecca , Broome Kieran , Swanepoel Libby
Published: March 2020

Background Benchmarking across and within universities is a common tool to evaluate performance of a program and maintain accreditation requirements. While teaching remains a primary responsibility of many academics, academic research performance is a major contributor towards career advancement and standards in the medical laboratory science profession. While anecdotal evidence suggests academics are active contributors to the evidence base of the profession, there is a high variability in research output in relation to institution and level of appointment. The aim of the study was to benchmark the research track record of Australian medical laboratory science academics and provide insight into how research productivity informs the level of appointment of academics across their career pathway.Methods A bibliographic analysis of Australian medical laboratory science faculty websites and corresponding Scopus citation database profiles was conducted. A description of current research track record and relationships with holding a doctorate, academic appointment level, research and teaching interests, and institutional characteristics were explored. Quantitative data and frequencies were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26 to benchmark research track records by academic appointment level.Results There were 124 academics identified from thirteen universities who had a teaching and research position in an undergraduate medical laboratory science program in Australia. Academics at the level of lecturer or higher typically held a doctorate (89%). Holding a doctorate strongly influenced the number of publications. The top 20% of researchers authored around half of the overall publications. The majority of academics did not have alignment of their major research and teaching areas however, alignment had no influence on number of publications. There was, however, an inconsistent relationship between metropolitan or regional university location and the number of publications.Conclusion Data from this study provides academics with benchmarks for the research track record required at each level of appointment. When drawing conclusions on academic progression, promotion and tenure through research track record it would be mindful to assess each on a case by case basis. Institution (metropolitan versus regional) and research interest appears to influence publication number, h -index and citation scores.
Clinical results of cannulated screw internal fixation via direct anterior approach for femoral neck fractures in young adults: a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Yi , Huang Rui , Yang Jia-fu , Li Fa-dong , xu zu-jian , Luo Bing
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of open reduction and cannulated screw fixation via direct anterior approach (DAA) for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. Methods: The data from 43 young patients with irreducible femoral neck fractures who underwent this procedure from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Garden's alignment index was measured after the operation and at the final follow-up to determine the reduction quality, and the Harris score was recorded at the final follow-up to assess hip function. Results: The average follow-up duration was 19 months (range, 12-31 months). Implant failure was observed in 3 cases and was associated with femoral neck shortening, and nonunion occurred in 2 patients. A total of 6 patients Exhibited features of avascular necrosis (AVN), four of whom (Ficat grade III) underwent total hip arthroplasty and two of whom (Ficat grade II) were asymptomatic at the final follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences in Garden's alignment index, as measured on X-ray radiographs, immediately after surgery and at the final follow-up. At the final follow-up, the mean Harris score was 82.41±14.06. The Harris score was considered excellent for 17 cases, good for 13 cases, fair for 3 cases, and poor for 4 cases. The rate of excellent and good outcomes was 81.1%. Conclusions: For cases of irreducible femoral neck fractures, open reduction and cannulated screw fixation via DAA can yield relatively good clinical outcomes.
Factors underlying effective clinical education: Perceptions of physiotherapy students and preceptors.
Authors: Ramakrishnan Senthilnathan , Bairapareddy Kalyana Chakravarthy
Published: March 2020

Background Clinical education is the cornerstone of physiotherapy education and it plays a pivotal role in shaping physiotherapy students’ attitude towards future professional practice. But the implementation of physiotherapy clinical education varies significantly between the institutions. Clinical educators adapt various strategies to teach students in the clinical settings which have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Research has shown several factors influencing the clinical education of healthcare students and the objective of this study was to explore the factors that affect the effectiveness of clinical education of physiotherapy students. Methods This research used mixed-methods approach and included 34 physiotherapy students and 26 clinical educators. Data collection was conducted in two stages. First stage of data collection used a 13 items survey at the end of 12 weeks of clinical placements to collect the student’s perspectives about clinical education. Then the second stage of data collection used semi-structured interviews that included both students and clinical educators. Results Descriptive statistics of the survey was useful to analyze the survey results and majority of students reported clinical education was effective and high levels of satisfaction was found among the students about the placement environments and clinical educator skills. Clinical education fulfilled students learning needs and the educators provided necessary support and supervision. However, the findings showed few factors hindering the effectiveness of clinical education and the qualitative study was useful in exploring those factors that are related students, clinical educators and the physiotherapy curriculum. Conclusion The findings of this study are useful to clinical educators, students and academic leaders in physiotherapy as it provides an insight into the factors that affect the effectiveness of clinical education and recommends evidence-based educational strategies to overcome those factors.
Spatial Filtering for Enhanced High-Density Surface Electromyographic Examination of Neuromuscular Changes and Its Application to Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xinhui , Tang Xiao , Chen Xun , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ping
Published: March 2020

Background: Spatial filtering of multi-channel signals is considered to be an effective pre-processing approach for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The use of spatial filtering for preprocessing high-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) helps to extract critical spatial information, but its application to non-invasive examination of neuromuscular changes have not been well investigated.Methods: Aimed at evaluating how spatial filtering can facilitate examination of muscle paralysis, three different spatial filtering methods are presented using principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, and both combination, respectively. Their performance was evaluated in terms of diagnostic power, through HD-sEMG clustering index (CI) analysis of neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following spinal cord injury (SCI).Results: The experimental results showed that: 1) The CI analysis of conventional single-channel sEMG can reveal complex neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following SCI, and its diagnostic power has been confirmed to be characterized by the variance of Z-scores; 2) the diagnostic power was highly dependent on the location of sEMG recording channel. Directly averaging the CI diagnostic indicators over channels just reached a medium level of the diagnostic power; 3) the use of either PCA-based or NMF-based filtering method yielded a greater diagnostic power, and their combination could even enhance the diagnostic power significantly.Conclusions: This study not only presents an essential preprocessing approach for improving diagnostic power of HD-sEMG, but also helps to develop a standard sEMG preprocessing pipeline, thus promoting its widespread application.
Analysis the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kong Qi
Published: March 2020

Recent studies have reported that 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with lung cancer have a higher risk of severe events than patients without cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) receptor angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the cellular protease transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and their associations with prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We found that there are significant differences in susceptibility to SAR-CoV-2 among each age stages of individuals with the expression of ACE2. ACE2 was also high expressed in LUAD and LUSC, and this suggests that COVID-19 patients with lung cancers are susceptible to SAR-CoV-2 infection. Our data showed the differential gene expression level and gene coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 among each subtypes and pathological stages of LUAD and LUSC and the data were verified by meta-analysis, gene expression omnibus (GEO) data and animal models results.
First report of a stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus zeae on corn in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Xu Zhi Peng , Li Hui Xia , Liu Yong Gang , Ren Bao Cang , Ni Chun Hui , Ma Jin Hui
Published: March 2020

During a survey of plant parasitic nematodes in 2019, at Gansu Province, China, the stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus zeae was found parasitizing corn seedlings. Females, males and juveniles of T. zeae were observed on soil and roots samples of corn after processing and extraction. This population of stunt nematodes was identified based on morphological and by sequencing the ITS1 region of rDNA and D2/D3 fragments of the 28 S rRNA. The ITS1 and the D2/D3 sequences of this population, shared 99.00 to 99.05% and 99.43 to 99.73% of similarity with sequences corresponding to T. zeae in GenBank, respectively. This is the first report of T. zeae infecting corn in Gansu Province, northwest China.
Creencias-prácticas y afrontamiento espiritual-religioso y características sociodemográficas en enfermos crónicos
Authors: Quiceno Japcy Margarita , Vinaccia Stefano
Published: March 2020

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las diferencias de las creencias-prácticas y afrontamiento espiritual-religioso en función de características sociodemográficas como género, escolaridad, estado civil, con quien vive, ocupación, estrato socioeconómico y tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad en 121 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se utilizó como medición el inventario de sistema de creencias SBI-15R y la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento espirituales SCS. A nivel de resultados se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las creencias-prácticas y afrontamiento espiritual-religioso en función de la edad, la escolaridad, la ocupación y el estrato socioeconómico, mientras que el género y el tiempo de diagnostico de la enfermedad no fueron variables significativas. En conclusión, independientemente del tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad y el género los enfermos crónicos son más espirituales y religiosos cuando son adultos mayores, no tiene una actividad laboral y pertenecen a un nivel educativo y estrato socio-económico bajo.
Eficacia de un programa para la promoción del bienestar a partir de las dimensiones del esquema de si mismo en un grupo de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bucaramanga
Authors: Álvarez Leonardo , Ibarra Lizeth , García Erika
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de una intervención para la promoción del bienestar en sus dimensiones de percepción deeficacia, valía personal, concepto sobre si mismo e imagen corporal en un grupo de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Participaron 188adultos entre 50 y 95 años de edad, de géneros masculino y femenino, estrato socioeconómico de 0 a 4 y de diferente estado civil con limitacionespsicosociales en cada una de las dimensiones de bienestar mencionadas. El programa se evaluó siguiendo un diseño pre experimental de un sologrupo con medidas pre y post a través de la prueba t de Student con p<0.05 y mediante cuestionarios construidos para el estudio. Los datos procesadosen el paquete estadístico spss versión 12.0, muestran la eficacia de la intervención con valores t student para Auto concepto de (t=-11,46),para auto eficacia (t=-7,5), para autoestima (t=-9,95) y para auto imagen (t=-11,97) con diferencias significativas en cada caso. Se concluye laefectividad del programa para promover actitudes de auto confianza, aceptación personal y física y sentimiento de control en los adultos mayores.
Estudio piloto: Efectos de un programa de hatha-yoga sobre variables psicológicas, funcionales y físicas, en pacientes con demencia tipo Alzheimer
Authors: Quintero Eliana , Rodríguez María , Guzmán Lina , Llanos Olga , Reyes Alexander
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de un programa de Hatha-Yoga sobre variables psicológicas (calidad de vida, ansiedad, depresión, memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento), físicas (equilibrio y flexibilidad) y funcionales (actividades básicas e instrumentales), en un grupo de pacientes con Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA) de Bogotá. En la investigación participaron ocho adultos mayores con diagnóstico de DTA de 60 años, diagnosticados por el equipo médico de la Fundación Cardio Infantil y con una puntuación de 5 en la Escala de Deterioro Global de Reisberg (GDS). Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó estadística descriptiva para establecer comparaciones intraparticipante en las mediciones realizadas antes y después del programa de Hatha-Yoga y además, se usó estadística inferencial para la prueba de hipótesis a partir de la prueba de signos Wilcoxon encontrándose mejoría en las variables físicas de equilibrio y flexibilidad.
Diferencias en actitudes y estrategias cognitivas sociales en jóvenes vinculados y no vinculados a programas de voluntariado
Authors: Enciso Eleonora , Lozano Martha
Published: March 2020

Las problemáticas socio-económicas y culturales actuales requieren de diversos actores sociales que aporten soluciones de manera proactiva a través de diversas estrategias, una de las cuales es el voluntariado; que constituye una de las formas más innovadoras y efectivas para el desarrollo social de un país. Por ello, se investigaron las diferencias en las actitudes y las estrategias cognitivas sociales entre jóvenes vinculados y no vinculados a programas de voluntariado de la ciudad de Bogotá. La investigación se enmarcó dentro del contexto de un modelo de competencia social. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-comparativo. Se trabajó con dos muestras intencionales, la primera muestra fue de 219 jóvenes vinculados a Instituciones de voluntariado y la segunda de 237 jóvenes que no se encuentren realizando voluntariado; los dos grupos estuvieron constituidos por hombres y mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 18 años. Se aplicó la prueba de «Actitudes y Estrategias Cognitivas Sociales» (AECS) de Moraleda, González & García (1998), que previamente se ajustó a las características de la población en estudio. Teniendo en cuenta el nivel de medición de cada una de las variables se presenta el análisis descriptivo comparativo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en 8 de las 19 sub-escalas de la prueba AECS; logrando identificar en estas escalas elementos diferenciales y característicos de la conducta prosocial.
Autoestima en un grupo de niños de 8 a 11 años de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Moreno Jaime , Ángel Ángela , Castañeda Briyith , Castelblanco Paula , López Natalia , Medina Ailyn
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar el nivel de autoestima en un grupo de niños de 8 a 11 años de edad del grado 4° de primaria de de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se utilizó un diseño descriptivo simple de corte transversal y se aplicó el cuestionario de auto-concepto de Piers-Harris para niños. Los resultados muestran que en general el grupo tiene un nivel moderadamente alto, lo que probablemente indicaría que los niños están formando sus valores y componentes con relación a la autoestima de una forma adecuada, para que éstos sean duraderos dentro del desarrollo vital y ayuden a fortalecerla.
Autoestima y empatía en adolescentes observadores, agresores y víctimas del bullying en un colegio del municipio de Chía
Authors: Plata Carolina , Riveros María , Moreno Jaime
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar la asociación existente entre la autoestima y la empatía en un grupo de adolescentes observadores, víctimas y agresores en situación del bullying en una institución educativa del municipio de Chía. La investigación es de corte empírico analítico con un diseño descriptivo y un método de asociación. Los instrumentos que se emplearon fueron la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg, la escala de empatía del cuestionario de Conducta Prosocial de Martonell, González y Calvo (1998, validada para la población colombiana por Rey, 2003) y el “cuestionario secundaria de 12 a 16 añs de edad” de la UNICEF y La Defensorí del Pueblo en Españ. Se tomó una muestra intencional de 57 adolescentes. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron con base en el paquete estadítico SPSS, encontrádose que la relació que existe entre la empatí y autoestima en los observadores es inversamente proporcional, mientras que en las vítimas es directamente proporcional, por ser la població de victimarios muy poco significativa no se hizo asociació entre estas variables.
Relaciones entre conducta y evolución cultural – construcción de nicho
Authors: Pérez Tiberio , Bautista Nydia , Forero Paula , García Mauricio , Laverde Mayra , Álvarez Gustavo
Published: March 2020

Las ciencias de la conducta comprenden diferentes disciplinas tales como la biología, la antropología, la economía, la psicología y las ciencias políticas. Sin embargo, para abordar sus problemáticas, cada una de ellas apela a un modelo teórico distinto, algunos incompatibles entre sí. Superar este estado de cosas es una necesidad urgente ara estas ciencias, si se quiere tener entre ellas una relación científicamente más productiva. Actualmente, los desarrollos conceptuales y empíricos, representan una oportunidad para su redefinición conceptual teniendo como marco de referencia y la teoría de la evolución, como una lógica explicativa aplicable a las ciencias de la conducta. Tal reconceptualización, está relacionada con el papel que tiene la conducta en la evolución biológica y en la evolución cultural y que será el objeto de análisis aquí. Se discutirán las implicaciones teórico-empíricas que tiene la conducta en la construcción del nicho de los organismos. Se señala la importancia de la conducta, resaltando como su variabilidad funcional la convierte en un sistema de amortiguación y ajuste de las relaciones dadas entre organismo y medio, relevantes para la supervivencia de los organismos y cómo a su vez esto se constituye en un factor influyente en la evolución de las especies.
Comprensión desde las historias de vida de los estilos de afrontamiento ante el estrés en un grupo de trabajadoras sexuales de Bogotá
Authors: Beltrán Andrea , López Julián
Published: March 2020

Esta investigación buscó comprender desde las historias de vida los estilos de afrontamiento ante el estrés en un grupo de tres mujeres en situación de prostitución ubicadas al sur de Bogotá. Este estudio está enmarcado con un corte cualitativo de enfoque histórico hermenéutico dentro de un método histórico biográfico el cual se basa en historias de vida utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada para recoger la información. Se encontró que las estrategias de afrontamiento más empleadas ante situaciones estresantes son: evitación cognitiva, solución de problemas, evitación conductual, reevaluación positiva, autonomía, religión y búsqueda de apoyo social las cuales se emplean en situaciones relacionados con clientes abusivos y agresivos, que están bajo el efecto de sustancias psicoactivas, o al estar en lugares desconocidos.
Intervención en crisis: una estrategia clínica necesaria y relevante en Colombia
Authors: Gantiva Carlos
Published: March 2020

Intervención en crisis: una estrategia clínica necesaria y relevante en Colombia
Representaciones sociales del consumo de marihuana en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bulla Andrea , Vásquez Ana , Güichá Ángela , Manrique Fred , Ospina Juan
Published: March 2020

Se evalúa el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y calidad de las experiencias que poseen estudiantes universitarios sobre el consumo de marihuana y la representación social que ellos construyen del consumo. Para la recolección de información en profundidad, se utiliza la metodología cualitativa, con entrevistas de grupo focal. Se encontró que la representación social está caracterizada por una marcada aceptación del consumo, circunstancia que podría significar factor de riesgo para el incremento del mismo, lo mismo que el conocimiento amplio, actitud crítica hacia el concepto social y experiencias percibidas como positivas del consumo de marihuana.
Rehabilitación de la atención mediante estrategias metacognitivas y análisis de tareas, en un paciente con antecedentes de trauma craneoencefálico severo
Authors: Escobar Viviana , Quintero Eliana , Organista Pedro
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este estudio de caso fue mejorar la capacidad de focalización y sostenimiento de la atención en un paciente de 28 años con antecedentes de Trauma Cráneo Encefálico (TCE) severo, utilizando un programa basado en estrategias metacognitivas y análisis de tareas. Se realizaron mediciones pre-test y post-test para evaluar la efectividad del programa. Aunque, al finalizar el programa, el paciente continuaba presentando dificultades de atención, se encontraron mejores puntajes en la medición pos-test y una mejor capacidad a nivel de planeación y evaluación metacognitiva. Se discute la efectividad del programa, las posibles modificaciones y la realización de posteriores investigaciones que permitan llegar a resultados concluyentes.
Diseño, construcción y validación de un instrumento que evalúa la calidad de vida laboral percibida en organizaciones colombianas, desde la teoría de respuesta al ítem
Authors: Gómez Carlos
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general, hacer el diseño, construcción y validación de un instrumento para medir la calidad de vida laboral percibida en empresas colombianas: CVLP. Este instrumento fue construido a partir del modelo de calidad de vida laboral planteado por Walton (1975), citado por Toro (1991). Está conformado por 39 ítemes que evalúan la CVLP a través de 8 dimensiones: compensación y beneficios, condiciones del ambiente y del trabajo, naturaleza de la tarea, desarrollo y seguridad laboral, democracia organizacional, derechos fundamentales, equilibrio laboral y relevancia social del trabajo. Para su validación se utilizó una muestra de 250 sujetos de 3 empresas del sector público y privado ubicadas en la ciudad de Bogotá. Los datos se analizaron desde el marco de la teoría de respuesta al ítem (TRI), modelo de un parámetro de Rasch. Los resultados muestran un nivel de ajuste alrededor de la media 1.00 y de los extremos de 1.02 y un índice de confiabilidad de 0.97. Así mismo, el índice de separación fue de 6.14 y el error de medición de 0.08, los cuales son adecuados de acuerdo con los parámetros del modelo.
Variables sociodemográficas relacionadas al Síndrome de Burnout en docentes de colegios distritales
Authors: Ibáñez Jenny , López Juan , Márquez Andrea , Sánchez Natalia , Flórez-Alarcón Luis , Vera Anderssen
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad identificar las variables sociodemográficas relacionadas al Síndrome de Burnout (BO) en docentes de colegios distritales de la localidad de Usaquén, Bogotá. Es una investigación descriptiva con un diseño correlacional-comparativo; se contó con la participación de 251 docentes, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple, quienes respondieron el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. Dentro de los resultados se identificó que las variables estrato socioeconómico, horas de trabajo, número de estudiantes, tiempo en el cargo y sección, muestran asociación significativa con las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional y realización personal.
Relación entre Dinámicas Familiares, Conductas Externalizantes y Autoestima en Niños Escolarizados
Authors: Moreno Méndez Jaime Humberto , Umbarila Contreras Lina Isabel , Franco Torres Leidy Viviana
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la relación entre las dinámicas familiares, las conductas externalizantes y la autoestima en 158 diadas de padres cuyos hijos tienen entre 8 y 12 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos colegios, uno público y uno privado, de la ciudad de Bogotá. El tipo de estudio es de carácter descriptivo-correlacional, cuantitativo y de diseño transversal. Se utilizó como medición el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Estilos Educativos de Padres (CEEP), la Lista de Chequeo de la Conducta Infantil (CBCL), formato de padres y la Escala de Autoconcepto de Piers-Harris. Se encontró que en el grupo de participantes del colegio público se presenta una correlación negativa entre el ocio compartido y la conducta externalizante, así como entre la conducta externalizante y la autoestima. Finalmente, se encontró que tanto en los participantes del colegio público como privado se presenta una correlación positiva entre los conflictos familiares y la conducta externalizante.
Engaging stakeholders for improved IAM implementation
Authors: Malm A. , Löfdahl G.-M.
Published: March 2020

There are major challenges for water infrastructure asset management in the public sector of Sweden. Necessary intensity of reinvestments is too low and simultaneously stakeholders find it difficult to source qualified personnel. By implementing comprehensive methods such as Infrastructure Asset Management (IAM) processes, efficiency can be improved and to some extent can compensate for lack of human and economic resources. The Mistra InfraMaint research programme is building and disseminating knowledge of sustainable, effective and efficient maintenance of infrastructure. Involving stakeholders is found to be effective to transfer the research into practice. The cooperation between researchers and stakeholders has already started the application phase, giving the opportunity to meet, get to know each other and discuss the importance and priorities. For further in depth involvement of stakeholders, six of the PhD students are industrial PhD students, situated within the municipal companies' organisations. Also, the competence building parts of the programme will be done in co-creation with the stakeholders. In the coming years, Mistra InfraMaint will contribute with innovative and applicable knowledge, and increase utilization of new technologies, approaches and methods. Dissemination of the results will lead to increased competence and contribute to better IAM within relevant organisations.
Criminal Acts of the Nazi Germany Occupation Regime in the Territory of the Vyazma District of the Smolensk Region in 1941-1943
Authors: Mikhailov Igor G. , Brunova Elena G.
Published: March 2020

When numerous myths are circulating around the Great Patriotic War on the whole and around the Vyazma Pocket in particular, there is the necessity to study the specific disclosures concerning the tragic period of the occupation of the Smolensk Region by Nazi Germany that can be proved with documents. This determines the topicality of this paper. In our research, we rely on the documents kept in the Central Archives of the Russian Defense Ministry, the Governmental Archives of the Smolensk Region, as well as on the witness memoires.
The purpose of this research is to study the Nazi Germany war crimes committed by the occupation regime in the territory of the Vyazma District of the Smolensk Region in 1941-1943.
The results of the research demonstrate that in 1941-1943 in the territory of the nowadays Vyazma District of the Smolensk Region, Nazis and their accessories committed the full range of war crimes as defined in the four Geneva Conventions (1949): murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; humiliating and degrading treatment; public arbitrary executions; cruel and degrading treatment of prisoners of war, including the wounded and sick.
For civilian persons, the whole system of horrification and oppression was created to break down their resistance; the punitive actions were taken regularly. Special cruelty and cynicism were inherent to numerous cases of burning villages together with their residents, who in the war time were mainly the old, women, and children.
Color Designations in German Political Discourse
Authors: Shapochkin Dmitriy V.
Published: March 2020

Political discourse is currently the subject of various interdisciplinary studies involving a lot of scientific approaches to its description. This article highlights an enormous potential of the use of color in the political discourse. On the one hand, the color involves the emotional sphere, while, on the other, it can lead to instant associations with a certain phenomenon of reality. Politicians actively use the color not only as a distinguishing sign that allows them to identify parties, movements, ethnic groups, etc. with the establishment or the denial of mutual contacts, but also as an independent symbol, which has tremendous possibilities for regulating and organizing of social political processes.
Functioning as a symbol of political forces, color greatly simplifies the perception of the political situation. However, the differentiation of political forces is not its only function. Evaluation is of the great importance, i. e. the consolidation of the assessment for a specific phenomenon, which is achieved by many repetitions in the same context. Because of the brightness of color associations, the color designation of political parties is a powerful tool in the political struggle. At the same time, the use of color symbols in the political discourse reveals national-specific features in the struggle for power. Thus, there is a need to study the functioning of color designations in the national political discourses.
In this article, the author pays special attention to the study of the color in the German political discourse of the leading political figures of Germany, such as Angela Merkel (CDU), Katya Kipping (Die Linke) and Christian Lindner (FDP).