bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vacinação contra influenza: conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de idosos
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Delmondes de , Reiners Annelita Almeida Oliveira , Mendes Priscila Aguiar , Azevedo Rosemeiry Capriata Souza , Gaspar Ana Carolina Macri
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Investigar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de idosos sobre a influenza e a vacina contra a doença. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo com 71 idosos entrevistados com o uso de questionário baseado em inquérito CAP (Conhecimento, Atitude e Práticas). Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a abril de 2015 e analisados com base nas recomendações do Ministério da Saúde.   Resultados: A maioria dos idosos conhece apenas algum sinal ou sintoma da influenza, acredita que a vacina reduz os sintomas e riscos de complicações da gripe, crê que, mesmo a tomando, pode gripar, mas não a considera um meio de prevenção da doença. Quase 77% dos idosos referem tomar a vacina. Conclusão: O conhecimento dos idosos em relação à influenza é insatisfatório, porém suas atitudes são favoráveis e, provavelmente, isso tenha influência sobre suas práticas positivas em relação à vacinação.
Atenção à saúde do trabalhador: instrumento para subsidiar a consulta de enfermagem
Authors: Moura Denise Cristina Alves de , Gomes Paula Cristina , Toledo Júnior Gilvan Carlos , Alvarenga-Martins Nathália , Greco Rosangela Maria
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: descrever a construção de impressos para coleta de dados, diagnósticos, prescrições e resultados de enfermagem para subsidiar a consulta a trabalhadores. Método: relato de experiência da construção de um instrumento para sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem na consulta ao trabalhador. Resultados: foram criados três impressos: o primeiro destinado ao histórico de enfermagem; segundo, lista de 26 diagnósticos de enfermagem e terceiro, lista de 22 intervenções de enfermagem e 23 resultados de enfermagem esperados, os dois últimos impressos alinhados segundo as taxonomias North American Nursing Diagnosis Assosciation International (NANDA I), Nursing Intervention Classification International (NIC), Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC). Considerações Finais: as contribuições para a enfermagem e a saúde do trabalhador foram: criação de um instrumento para subsidiar a consulta de enfermagem sistematizada a trabalhadores; atendimento à legislação vigente da implementação do processo de enfermagem.
Posturas e estratégias sobre sexualidade a partir do programa saúde na escola: discursos de professores
Authors: Bringel Nayanne Maria Magalhães , Marques Keylla Karinna , Dutra Eduardo Francisco Montenegro , Carvalho Ana Paula Teixeira da Silva , Melo Mônica Cecília Pimentel de , Soares Félix Alexandre Antunes
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: analisar as posturas e estratégias de enfrentamento dos professores, acerca da educação sexual e reprodutiva em sala de aula, em uma escola pública de Juazeiro-BA, conveniada ao Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE). Método: qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, com 11 professores e um gestor escolar, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com fechamento amostral por saturação teórica. Utilizou-se a Análise de Discurso, com o suporte teórico da metodologia problematizadora empregada por Paulo Freire.Resultados: como postura revelada, as discussões sobre o tema se mostraram sem constrangimentos aos professores, pois, dentre as estratégias adotadas, alguns recursos como vídeos e debates são utilizados. Porém, a atuação dos educadores não encontra sustentabilidade no PSE, pois os professores desconhecem o programa. Conclusões: o tema deve ser socializado e horizontalizado de maneira a promover a integração do conhecimento em espaços escolares, com oportunidades dialógicas de discussão sobre sexualidade na adolescência, a partir de um trabalho conjunto entre educação e saúde.
O ESTADO COMO PRODUTO DO AUTODESENVOLVIMENTO HISTÓRICO EM HEGEL
Authors: Carvalho Guilherme Augusto Batista
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, desenvolver o debate a cerca da relação entre história, dialética e o Estado, além dos elementos presentes nessa relação. Para além de um debate inter-paradimático, extraímos no pensamento hegeliano as condições objetivas para o desenvolvimento dos conceitos “Estado”, “história” e “dialética”, buscando nos apoiar tanto nas definições como nos significados das mesmas. Para a realização dessa exposição, nos alicerçamos em referências primárias de Hegel, mas também em referências analíticas secundárias, de autores que interpretam o olhar de hegeliano para os conceitos. Dentro do conteúdo desenvolvido nesse artigo, levantamos uma questão estrutural: qual a relação entre Estado, história e dialética para Hegel? Concluímos que os três conceitos dialogam entre si, tendo o Estado, como elemento de mediações e contradições, na modernidade, uma função essencial de continuidade da história e a dialética é o instrumento para tal.
A EFETIVIDADE DO CONSELHO MUNICIPAL DE SAÚDE DE SANTANA DO LIVRAMENTO/RS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DAS LEIS Nº 8.080/1990 e 8.142/1990
Authors: Carvalho Patsy , Troian Alessandra , Goularte Jeferson Luis Lopes
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo  investiga a efetividade do Conselho Municipal de Santana do Livramento/RS, no que diz respeito à participação na gestão das políticas de saúde do município e nas competências que se atribuem ao Conselho. O objetivo é analisar a efetividade do Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Santana do Livramento/RS em relação as Leis  nº 8.080/1990 e a nº 8.142/1990, que regem o Conselho. A pesquisa caracteriza como qualitativa, as técnicas de coleta de dados foram: pesquisa documental, entrevista, a partir de roteiros semiestruturados e observação não participante. A etapa da pesquisa documental consistiu na análise das legislações municipal do Conselho de Saúde. Foram entrevistados oito conselheiros titulares dos segmentos de usuário, trabalhador da saúde, prestador de serviço e governo, que compõem obrigatoriamente a plenária, sorteados aleatoriamente. A observação não participante se deu nas reuniões do Conselho. Na análise de dados obtidos foi utilizada uma aproximação da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultado tem-se que o Conselho Municipal de Saúde não é efetivo, pois, se observou a dificuldade do Conselho cumprir com a legislação federal vigente quanto a composição, a paridade e o tempo de atuação dos conselheiros. A pesquisa também identificou que o conhecimento dos conselheiros sobre as competências do Conselho é insuficiente, uma vez que os mesmos acreditam que suas funções se limitam a fiscalização e não a proposição e o acompanhamento de políticas públicas.
GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NAS COOPERATIVAS
Authors: Zanco Alcidir Mazutti
Published: January 2017

Artigo realiza uma análise sobre os métodos de gestão do conhecimento desenvolvidos no Cooperativimo Solidário presente no Sistema UNICAFES.
ANÁLISE DA METODOLOGIA ALTERNATIVA PARA RECEBIMENTO DE BIOMASSA EM UMA COOPERATIVA AGROINDUSTRIAL DO OESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Tomasetto Mariza Zeni de Castro , Camargo Rafael Franco de
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os resultados financeiros gerados pela aplicação de uma metodologia alternativa para recebimento da biomassa/cavaco em uma cooperativa agroindustrial avícola do oeste do Paraná. Essa metodologia foi concebida como uma forma de promoção do desenvolvimento econômico sem a redução de recursos naturais e geração de mínimos danos ao meio ambiente pelo processo de combustão para aquecimento da caldeira da agroindústria, e tem como base teórica o Relatório Brundtland (1991) e diretrizes básicas das normas caracterizadas pela ISO 14000. Aplicaram-se procedimentos de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e exploratória, estudo de caso, bem como observação participante. Os resultados foram analisados sob abordagem quali-quantitativa e apontaram que a adoção dessa metodologia diminui custos de produção do vapor na caldeira sem comprometimento à demanda de produção industrial, o que contribui para a agroindústria investigada alcançar desempenho mais sustentável.
Formation Features of Hybrid Magnetic Materials Based on Polyphenoxazine and Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ozkan S.Zh. , Karpacheva G.P. , Dzidziguri E.L. , Chernavskii P.A. , Bondarenko G.N. , Pankina G.V.
Published: January 2017

Hybrid metal-polymer nanocomposite materials based on polyphenoxazine (PPhOA) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained for the first time via two methods: in situ oxidative polymerization of phenoxazine (PhOA) in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with nanoparticles of Fe3O4 being present; chemical transformations of PPhOA subjected to IR heating at 400–450 °С in the presence of FeCl3·6H2O in an inert atmosphere. Obtained hybrid Fe3O4/PPhOA nanomaterials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (ААS), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as by vibrating sample magnetometry. The chemical structure, phase composition, magnetic and thermal properties of obtained nanocomposites were investigated in relation to the synthesis conditions.
Use of High-Range Water Reducer to Mitigate the Detrimental Effect of Recycled Acrylic-Based Polymers on Concrete Performance
Authors: Jean Assaad Joseph
Published: January 2017

The incorporation of recycled polymers from waste latex paints (WLPs) in concrete manufacturing is very limited. In fact, this practice cannot be formally implemented without thorough assessment of the various implications that could result from WLP additions on concrete properties. This paper seeks to provide better understanding on effect of WLP constituents and substitution rates on concrete fresh and mechanical properties. It also examines the effect of incorporating naphthalene-based high-range water reducer (HRWR) to mitigate the detrimental effects associated with such additions. Tested WLPs were not randomly collected from waste collection sites; rather produced to assure full traceability of composition and then stored for around 1-year to expire. Test results have shown that workability, setting time, and hardened properties of concrete are directly affected by the polymer latex type and content including the pigment/extender ratio. The use of HRWR is efficient to control work ability and its loss over time when WLPs are disposed in concrete at relatively high rate of 10% of mixing water. The incorporation of HRWR should be coupled with certain reduction in free water to control the drop in compressive strength and bond to embedded steel bars.
La vil·la romana de Parc de les Nacions: estudi numismàtic dels fons del MUSA (Museu de la ciutat d’Alacant)
Authors: Garrigós i Albert Immaculada
Published: January 2017

En el següent estudi es presenta el repertori monetari aparegut durant les excavacions arqueològiques de la vil·la romana de Parc de les Nacions (Alacant). Es fa una catalogació de les troballes monetàries que contenen un marc temporal comprès entre els segles II aC-V dC, així com les consideracions sobre la circulació monetària en aquest enclavament, i en general, a les comarques meridionals del País Valencià.
Las ánforas de Brindisi en Hispania Citerior. Pautas de distribución y consumo
Authors: Carreras Monfort César , Martín Menéndez Albert , Pera Isern Joaquim , Rodrigo Requena Esther
Published: January 2017

La presencia del ejército romano republicano en la Hispania Citerior ha sido difícil de reconocer en el pasado debido al error en la interpretación de algunos yacimientos y la falta de investigación sobre el tema. En los últimos años, se han realizado nuevas investigaciones sobre yacimientos romanos republicanos identificando pequeñas fortificaciones militares y asentamientos civiles itálicos relacionados con el ejército. Uno de los fósiles directores presentes en todos estos yacimientos es la cerámica itálica tanto fina como común y las ánforas. Precisamente, las ánforas de la Apulia constituyen uno de los fósiles directores poco estudiados; este artículo pretende llenar este vacío y mostrar su importancia como indicador del avance de  las tropas romanas durante el momento de la conquista, su relación con las vías militares y su aprovisionamiento.
La actuación de las asambleas provinciales en Hispania bajo el gobierno de Adriano
Authors: González-Conde Puente Mª Pilar
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo es una puesta al día de la información que se conserva para la época de Adriano sobre las actuaciones de las asambleas provinciales en Hispania a través de las fuentes literarias y epigráficas: las dedicaciones realizadas o permitidas por la asamblea, los individuos objeto de los homenajes, el papel de las ciudades como elemento de cohesión en los territorios provinciales, así como las consultas que la institución hizo frente al Príncipe y las tareas especiales que encargó a algunos miembros de las élites locales.
Water redistribution in experimentally deformed natural milky quartz single crystals—Implications for H2O‐weakening processes
Authors: Stünitz H. , Thust A. , Heilbronner R. , Behrens H. , Kilian R. , Tarantola A. , Fitz Gerald J. D.
Published: January 2017

Natural quartz single crystals were experimentally deformed in two orientations: (1) ⊥ to one prism plane and (2) in O+ orientation at 900 and 1000°C, 1.0 and 1.5 GPa, and strain rates of ~1 × 10−6 s−1. In addition, hydrostatic and annealing experiments were performed. The starting material was milky quartz, which consisted of dry quartz with a large number of fluid inclusions of variable size up to several 100 µm. During pressurization fluid inclusions decrepitated producing much smaller fluid inclusions. Deformation on the sample scale is anisotropic due to dislocation glide on selected slip systems and inhomogeneous due to an inhomogeneous distribution of fluid inclusions. Dislocation glide is accompanied by minor dynamic recovery. Strongly deformed regions show a pointed broad absorption band in the ~3400 cm−1 region consisting of a superposition of bands of molecular H2O and three discrete absorption bands (at 3367, 3400, and 3434 cm−1). In addition, there is a discrete absorption band at 3585 cm−1, which only occurs in deformed regions and reduces or disappears after annealing, so that this band appears to be associated with dislocations. H2O weakening in inclusion‐bearing natural quartz crystals is assigned to the H2O‐assisted dislocation generation and multiplication. Processes in these crystals represent recycling of H2O between fluid inclusions, cracking and crack healing, incorporation of structurally bound H in dislocations, release of H2O from dislocations during recovery, and dislocation generation at very small fluid inclusions. The H2O weakening by this process is of disequilibrium nature because it depends on the amount of H2O available.
Development of a daytime cloud and haze detection algorithm for Himawari‐8 satellite measurements over central and eastern China
Authors: Shang Huazhe , Chen Liangfu , Letu Husi , Zhao Meng , Li Shenshen , Bao Shanhu
Published: January 2017

Cloud detection by passive satellite sensors is very challenging in hazy weather over China because the reflective characteristics of haze and clouds are very similar. Consequently, hazy areas tend to be mistaken as cloudy or clear areas by current cloud mask algorithms. The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) aboard Himawari‐8 is a multispectral Earth observation sensor with high temporal and spatial resolutions. A cloud and haze detection algorithm for AHI measurements is urgently needed for monitoring atmospheric pollution and its transport over China. This study presents the new Himawari‐8 Cloud and Haze Mask (HCHM) algorithm that classifies image pixels from central and eastern China into one of three categories: clear, cloudy, or hazy. Based on the observations that haze occurs near the ground and accumulates in low‐elevation plains and basins while clouds form at high altitudes, the proposed HCHM algorithm incorporates altitude information to adjust the thresholds used in the selected threshold tests to separate haze and cloud pixels. We find that combining auxiliary digital elevation model data with traditional indicators, such as the R0.86/R0.64, R0.86/R1.6, and BT11‐BT3.9, improves the accuracy of cloud and haze discrimination. The HCHM algorithm is applied to Himawari‐8 observations from August 2015, November 2015, January 2016, and May 2016 and validated against the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation vertical feature mask results. The validation shows that the average leakage rate, false alarm rate, and haze missing rate of the HCHM algorithm are 3.95%, 5.88%, and 4.17%, respectively.
Circulation controls on southern African precipitation in coupled models: The role of the Angola Low
Authors: Munday Callum , Washington Richard
Published: January 2017

In southern Africa, models from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project produce a wide variety of rainfall climatologies. Differences between models in rainfall amount reach 70% in the rainy season (December–February; DJF), and the median model overestimates rainfall by between 15 and 40% throughout the annual cycle. This paper investigates the role of an understudied regional circulation feature, the Angola Low, in differentiating between model estimates of precipitation. In austral spring, the Angola Low is a heat low, driven by strong surface heating whereas in DJF it is more similar to a tropical low and is associated with moist instability. In the austral summer, we find that the simulated strength of the Angola Low is associated with between 40 and 60% of the intermodel variability in model mean rainfall across the subcontinent. The relationship is particularly strong along a northwest, southeast axis aligned from Angola down to the Mozambican Channel. Along this axis, models with stronger Angola Lows simulate enhanced, by up to 50 g kg−1 ms−1, northeasterly and northwesterly moisture transport. The enhanced southward moisture flux in models with relatively deep Angola Lows increases the rate of moisture convergence in central areas of the subcontinent and reduces moisture divergence across the Mozambican coast. The results highlight the need to better understand the links between the Angola Low and southern African rainfall and suggest that improving the simulation of the Angola Low can help to constrain model estimates of southern African rainfall.
Intercomparisons of marine boundary layer cloud properties from the ARM CAP‐MBL campaign and two MODIS cloud products
Authors: Zhang Zhibo , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Song Hua , Ma Po‐Lun , Ghan Steven J. , Platnick Steven , Minnis Patrick
Published: January 2017

From April 2009 to December 2010, the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program carried out an observational field campaign on Graciosa Island, targeting the marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds over the Azores region. In this paper, we present an intercomparison of the MBL cloud properties, namely, cloud liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical thickness (COT), and cloud‐droplet effective radius (CER), among retrievals from the ARM mobile facility and two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products (Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)‐MODIS and Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System‐MODIS). A total of 63 daytime single‐layer MBL cloud cases are selected for intercomparison. Comparison of collocated retrievals indicates that the two MODIS cloud products agree well on both COT and CER retrievals, with the correlation coefficient R > 0.95, despite their significant difference in spatial sampling. In both MODIS products, the CER retrievals based on the 2.1 µm band (CER2.1) are significantly larger than those based on the 3.7 µm band (CER3.7). The GSFC‐MODIS cloud product is collocated and compared with ground‐based ARM observations at several temporal‐spatial scales. In general, the correlation increases with more precise collocation. For the 63 selected MBL cloud cases, the GSFC‐MODIS LWP and COT retrievals agree reasonably well with the ground‐based observations with no apparent bias and correlation coefficient R around 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. However, GSFC‐MODIS CER3.7 and CER2.1 retrievals have a lower correlation (R ~ 0.5) with the ground‐based retrievals. For the 63 selected cases, they are on average larger than ground observations by about 1.5 µm and 3.0 µm, respectively. Taking into account that the MODIS CER retrievals are only sensitive to cloud top reduces the bias only by 0.5 µm.
Seasonal variation of shallow‐to‐deep convection transition and its link to the environmental conditions over the Central Amazon
Authors: Zhuang Yizhou , Fu Rong , Marengo José A. , Wang Hongqing
Published: January 2017

This study aims to characterize the seasonal variation of the shallow‐to‐deep convection transition and understand how environmental conditions impact the behavior of this transition using data collected from the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GOAmazon) field campaign in the Central Amazon (Manaus). The diurnal cycle of the rain/cloud fraction shows that the wet season has more extensive shallow convection before the transition to deep convection with larger fractional coverage and rainfall; deep convection in the transition season is more intense and has higher vertical extension and a stronger updraft. Surface meteorology, atmospheric moisture, instability, and wind shear are contrasted for the shallow/congestus convection (SC) cases and the locally formed shallow‐to‐deep convection transition (LD) cases. The comparisons suggest that occurrence of the LD is generally promoted under the conditions of high atmospheric moisture and instability but has a weaker dependence on wind shear. The relative importance of these environmental controls also varies in different seasons: The dry and transition seasons require a deeper moist layer from the boundary layer to midtroposphere than the wet season; convective available potential energy (CAPE) is higher during the transition season, but it is a less important factor for shallow‐to‐deep convection transition than in other seasons; LD only has significantly larger wind shears than SC during the dry season.
Bulk sediment 14C dating in an estuarine environment: How accurate can it be?
Authors: Lougheed Bryan C. , Obrochta Stephen P. , Lenz Conny , Mellström Anette , Metcalfe Brett , Muscheler Raimund , Reinholdsson Maja , Snowball Ian , Zillén Lovisa
Published: January 2017

Due to a lack of marine macrofossils in many sediment cores from the estuarine Baltic Sea, researchers are often forced to carry out 14C determinations on bulk sediment samples. However, ambiguity surrounding the carbon source pathways that contribute to bulk sediment formation introduces a large uncertainty into 14C geochronologies based on such samples, and such uncertainty may not have been fully considered in previous Baltic Sea studies. We quantify this uncertainty by analyzing bulk sediment 14C determinations carried out on densely spaced intervals in independently dated late‐Holocene sediment sequences from two central Baltic Sea cores. Our results show a difference of ~600 14C yr in median bulk sediment reservoir age, or R(t)bulk, between the two core locations (~1200 14C yr for one core, ~620 14C yr for the other), indicating large spatial variation. Furthermore, we also find large downcore (i.e., temporal) R(t)bulk variation of at least ~200 14C yr for both cores. We also find a difference of 585 14C yr between two samples taken from the same core depth. We propose that studies using bulk sediment 14C dating in large brackish water bodies should take such spatiotemporal variation in R(t)bulk into account when assessing uncertainties, thus leading to a larger, but more accurate, calibrated age range.
Surface Modification of Al Foils for Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
Authors: Du Xianfeng , Lin Baige , Li Bing , Feng Tianyu , Mao Shengchun , Xu Youlong
Published: January 2017

Miniaturization and light weight of aluminum electrolytic capacitor can be achieved via the enhancement in the specific capacitance of anodized aluminum foils resulted from the introduction of compounds with high permittivity into dielectric layer. However, the electrostatic repulsion between the compounds and aluminum substrates hinders this introduction of the compounds, leading to a limited improvement in the specific capacitance. In this work, a novel strategy has been developed to promote the deposition of TiO2 on the surface of aluminum foils by surface modification with polyvinyl alcohol, which sharply decreases the electrostatic repulsion and dramatically increases the mass of deposited TiO2. The evolution of composition and morphology during the process are studied and the capacitor performance of aluminum foils with various treatments is investigated. Interestingly, after surface modification, a specific capacitance of 131.5 µF cm−2 under the withstanding voltage of 21.2 V is obtained, and there is about 60% enhancement in the specific capacitance compared with those without TiO2, and about 30% enhancement compared with those without surface modification, respectively. The specific capacitance obtained is the highest one for aluminum electrolytic capacitor reported to date. These outstanding performances exhibit great potential of this strategy for commercial application on aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
Feedback in Medical Education: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kornegay Joshua G. , Kraut Aaron , Manthey David , Omron Rodney , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Kuhn Gloria , Martin Sandra , Yarris Lalena M.
Published: January 2017

Objective

The objective was to review and critically appraise the medical education literature pertaining to feedback and highlight influential papers that inform our current understanding of the role of feedback in medical education.

Methods

A search of the English language literature in querying Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsychINFO, PubMed, and Scopus identified 327 feedback‐related papers using either quantitative (hypothesis‐testing or observational investigations of educational interventions), qualitative methods (exploring important phenomena in emergency medicine [EM] education), or review methods.Two reviewers independently screened each category of publications using previously established exclusion criteria. Six reviewers then independently scored the remaining 54 publications using a qualitative, quantitative, or review paper scoring system. Each scoring system consisted of nine criteria and used parallel scoring metrics that have been previously used in critical appraisals of education research.

Results

Fifty‐four feedback papers (25 quantitative studies, 24 qualitative studies, five review papers) met the a priori criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. Eight quantitative studies, nine qualitative studies, and three review papers were ranked highly by the reviewers and are summarized in this article.

Conclusions

This inaugural Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Academy critical appraisal highlights 20 feedback in medical education papers that describe the current state of the feedback literature. A summary of current factors that influence feedback effectiveness is discussed, along with practical implications for EM educators and the next steps for research.
Duration of puberty in preterm girls
Authors: Hui L. L. , Lam H. S. , Leung G. M. , Schooling C. M.
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Preterm birth is associated with altered pubertal timing, but the effect on pubertal duration has rarely been assessed. Here, we tested the hypothesis that preterm birth is associated with shorter duration of puberty among girls in Hong Kong where preterm birth has little social patterning.

Methods

In the population‐representative Chinese birth cohort “Children of 1997”, we used multivariable linear regression to assess the association of preterm status (≤36 completed gestational weeks, n = 170; term birth 37–42 gestational weeks, n = 3476) with duration of puberty, adjusted for parent's highest education, mother's place of birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and mother's age of menarche.

Results

The mean duration from thelarche to menarche was 2.53 years. Preterm girls had a shorter duration from thelarche to menarche by 2.6 months, 95% confidence interval 0.5–4.7 months. Age of menarche did not differ by preterm status but preterm girls had later thelarche. Preterm birth was not associated with a shorter duration from pubarche to menarche.

Conclusions

Preterm births may be associated with shorter duration of puberty from thelarche to menarche, possibly through effects of in utero estrogen exposure, the drivers of thelarche, or the drivers of pubertal duration/progression, with potential implications for subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and hormonal cancers.
Methanol‐Triggered Vapochromism Coupled with Solid‐State Spin Switching in a Nickel(II)‐Quinonoid Complex
Authors: Kar Paramita , Yoshida Masaki , Shigeta Yasuhiro , Usui Akane , Kobayashi Atsushi , Minamidate Takaaki , Matsunaga Noriaki , Kato Masako
Published: January 2017

A highly methanol‐selective vapochromic response has been realized in a NiII‐quinonoid complex, [Ni(HLMe)2] (H2LMe=4‐methylamino‐6‐methyliminio‐3‐oxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐olate) which exhibits a reversible structural transformation including a coordination geometrical change between the square‐planar and octahedral structure by the selective uptake of methanol vapor. This was accompanied by a remarkable color change between purple and orange, as well as temperature‐robust spin‐state switching in the solid state under ambient conditions. It is remarkable that the properties are derived by the fine structural modification of the quinonoid ligand such as methyl or ethyl analogues. Such a system has high potential for applications in memory devices as well as chemical sensors and smart responsive materials.
CO2‐to‐Methanol Hydrogenation on Zirconia‐Supported Copper Nanoparticles: Reaction Intermediates and the Role of the Metal–Support Interface
Authors: Larmier Kim , Liao Wei‐Chih , Tada Shohei , Lam Erwin , Verel René , Bansode Atul , Urakawa Atsushi , Comas‐Vives Aleix , Copéret Christophe
Published: January 2017

Methanol synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation is a key process in a methanol‐based economy. This reaction is catalyzed by supported copper nanoparticles and displays strong support or promoter effects. Zirconia is known to enhance both the methanol production rate and the selectivity. Nevertheless, the origin of this observation and the reaction mechanisms associated with the conversion of CO2 to methanol still remain unknown. A mechanistic study of the hydrogenation of CO2 on Cu/ZrO2 is presented. Using kinetics, in situ IR and NMR spectroscopies, and isotopic labeling strategies, surface intermediates evolved during CO2 hydrogenation were observed at different pressures. Combined with DFT calculations, it is shown that a formate species is the reaction intermediate and that the zirconia/copper interface is crucial for the conversion of this intermediate to methanol.
Distal‐Bond‐Selective C−C Activation of Ring‐Fused Cyclopentanones: An Efficient Access to Spiroindanones
Authors: Xia Ying , Wang Jianbo , Dong Guangbin
Published: January 2017

A site‐selective rhodium‐catalyzed C−C activation of ring‐fused cyclopentanones was achieved to afford efficient access to a range of spiroindanones. The use of bulky 2‐amino‐6‐picoline as a cocatalyst is key to the excellent selectivity of this C−C bond cleavage in cyclopentanones.
[4+2] or [4+1] Annulation: Changing the Reaction Pathway of a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Process by Tuning the Cp Ligand
Authors: Hong Seung Youn , Jeong Jisu , Chang Sukbok
Published: January 2017

A change in reaction pathway was achieved for the first time by tuning the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand used for the rhodium‐catalyzed cyclization of benzamides with conjugated enynones. Depending on the Cp ligand, the reaction pathway switched between [4+2] and [4+1] annulation. Electronic effects turned out to be crucial for the product distribution. The dichotomy was attributed to the alteration of the Lewis acidity of the resultant Cp‐bound rhodium species.
Triethanolamine–azodiisobutyronitrile mixture as a foaming agent for low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing at a low temperature
Authors: Ji Gao‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Yi‐Fan , Kong Peng , Li Chao
Published: January 2017

A triethanolamine (TEA)–azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) mixture was applied to the manufacturing of a low‐density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) at a low temperature ranging from 53 to 66 °C. Hydrogen‐bonding activation in the TEA–AIBN mixture was put forward, and this agreed with the NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results. A heat balance in the curing process of a vinyl ester unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was examined and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The TEA–AIBN mixture decomposed easily because of the hydrogen‐bonding action between TEA and AIBN. The heat release of the activated AIBN decomposition led to the early endothermic polymerization of the vinyl ester UPR. Hydrogen‐bonding activation followed by the heat‐balance process enabled us to manufacture the LDUPR at low temperature. The optimal parameters of LDUPR manufacturing, including a ratio of TEA to AIBN of 0.4 and a dosage of TEA–AIBN mixture of 2.5 phr at a curing temperature of 60 ± 1 °C, were defined by the testing of the apparent density (ρ) and compressive strength of LDUPR. Under these conditions, ρ was 0.39 ± 0.01 g/cm3, and the specific compressive strength was 33.92 ± 1.31 MPa g−1 cm−3. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44797.
Multidisciplinary perioperative protocol in patients undergoing acute high-risk abdominal surgery
Authors: Tengberg L T , Bay-Nielsen M , Bisgaard T , Cihoric M , Lauritsen M L , Foss N B ,   AHA study group, Orbæk J , Veyhe L , Jørgen Nielsen H , Lindgaard L
Published: January 2017

Background

Acute high-risk abdominal (AHA) surgery carries a very high risk of morbidity and mortality and represents a massive healthcare burden. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a standardized multidisciplinary perioperative protocol in patients undergoing AHA surgery.

Methods

The AHA study was a prospective single-centre controlled study in consecutive patients undergoing AHA surgery, defined as major abdominal pathology requiring emergency laparotomy or laparoscopy including reoperations after elective gastrointestinal surgery. Consecutive patients were included after initiation of the AHA protocol as standard care. The intervention cohort was compared with a predefined, consecutive historical cohort of patients from the same department. The protocol involved continuous staff education, consultant-led attention and care, early resuscitation and high-dose antibiotics, surgery within 6 h, perioperative stroke volume-guided haemodynamic optimization, intermediate level of care for the first 24 h after surgery, standardized analgesic treatment, early postoperative ambulation and early enteral nutrition. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.

Results

Six hundred patients were included in the study and compared with 600 historical controls. The unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was 21·8 per cent in the control cohort compared with 15·5 per cent in the intervention cohort (P = 0·005). The 180-day mortality rates were 29·5 and 22·2 per cent respectively (P = 0·004).

Conclusion

The introduction of a multidisciplinary perioperative protocol was associated with a significant reduction in postoperative mortality in patients undergoing AHA surgery. NCT01899885 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 1 (1p21.1p12) in an infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, hydrops fetalis, and interrupted aortic arch
Authors: Ibrahim Masitah , Hunter Matthew , Gugasyan Lucy , Chan Yuen , Malhotra Atul , Sehgal Arvind , Tan Kenneth
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of an infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and hydrops fetalis who died from hypoxic respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed type B interrupted aortic arch (IAA). Microarray revealed a female karyotype with deletion of chromosome 1p21.1p12. There may be an association between 1p microdeletion, CDH, and IAA.
Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma and cystic teratoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Saikaly Elias , El Asmar Antoine , Abi Fadel Fahim , Aoun Mona , El Rassi Ziad
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical Message

Dorsal agenesis of the pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly. Fifty‐eight cases were reported from 1913 till 2015, nine of which were associated with tumors. We present the 10th case, the first to be associated with pancreatic mucinous adenocarcinoma and cystic teratoma, successfully managed by Whipple procedure and total pancreatectomy.
Adsorption of C1–C4 Alcohols, C4–C5 Isoolefins, and their Corresponding Ethers over Amberlyst™35
Authors: Soto Rodrigo , Oktar Nuray , Fité Carles , Ramírez Eliana , Bringué Roger , Tejero Javier
Published: January 2017

An experimental liquid‐ and gas‐phase adsorption study of C1–C4 alcohols, C4–C5 isoolefins, and the tert‐alkyl ethers obtained thereof over Amberlyst™35 is presented. Liquid‐phase adsorption experiments were performed in a batch adsorber and gas‐phase adsorption experiments were carried out in a packed‐bed adsorber in a defined temperature range. Adsorption entropy and enthalpy were determined from adsorption equilibrium constants of each tracer in both liquid and gas phase. Adsorption equilibrium constants of alcohols were found to be larger than those of isoolefins and ethers. The moment technique was used to estimate micro‐ and macropore effective diffusion coefficients of the involved species.
Excess Adsorption Isotherms of Hydrogen on Activated Carbons from Agricultural Waste Materials
Authors: Soukup Karel , Hejtmánek Vladimír , Cruz Gerardo J. F. , Jandová Věra , Solcova Olga
Published: January 2017

Four activated carbons based on red mombin seeds, cocoa pod husk, the external part of mango pits, and coffee husk were prepared by chemical activation using zinc chloride. Adsorption isotherms of hydrogen measured by a volumetric method under supercritical conditions corresponding to the three temperature levels and the pressure up to ten bars were determined. The dependence of the adsorbed amount of hydrogen on equilibrium pressure was linear for all adsorption isotherms measured at ambient temperatures. The corresponding excess adsorption experimental data were fitted by Henry's adsorption isotherm with an excellent accordance. The Dubinin‐Radushkevich adsorption isotherm was demonstrated to match the excess adsorption data at cryogenic temperatures with high accuracy.
Biomethane Production from Biogas by Separation Using Thin‐Film Composite Membranes
Authors: Sedláková Zuzana , Kárászová Magda , Vejražka Jiří , Morávková Lenka , Esposito Elisa , Fuoco Alessio , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Izák Pavel
Published: January 2017

Raw biogas obtained from a sewage plant was successfully purified by a single‐step method to a quality compatible with compressed natural gas (CNG) standards. For this purpose, thin‐film composite membranes with polyamide skin layer were evaluated at varying temperatures, pressures, feed and sweep flow rates. The wetting of the polyamide skin layer was analyzed under different experimental conditions. Optimization of the purification process resulted in a better separation than that in previous studies. The achieved CH4 and H2S levels are conform to the required standards for commercialization in the Czech Republic. A unique feature of the presented approach, distinguishing the water‐swollen thin‐film composite membranes from polymeric membranes under dry conditions, is that the condensing water absorbs a significant amount of the minor impurities of biogas, such as H2S.
Photoelectrochemical NADH Regeneration using Pt‐Modified p‐GaAs Semiconductor Electrodes
Authors: Stufano Paolo , Paris Aubrey R. , Bocarsly Andrew
Published: January 2017

Cofactor regeneration in enzymatic reductions is crucial for the application of enzymes to both biological and energy‐related catalysis. Specifically, regenerating NADH from NAD+ is of great interest, and using electrochemistry to achieve this end is considered a promising option. Here, we report the first example of photoelectrochemical NADH regeneration at the illuminated (λ>600 nm), metal‐modified, p‐type semiconductor electrode Pt/p‐GaAs. Although bare p‐GaAs electrodes produce only enzymatically inactive NAD2, NADH was produced at the illuminated Pt‐modified p‐GaAs surface. At low overpotential (−0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl), Pt/p‐GaAs exhibited a seven‐fold greater faradaic efficiency for the formation of NADH than Pt alone, with reduced competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction. Improved faradaic efficiency and low overpotential suggest the possible utility of Pt/p‐GaAs in energy‐related NADH‐dependent enzymatic processes.
Replacing Oxygen Evolution with Hydrazine Oxidation at the Anode for Energy‐Saving Electrolytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Jianmei , Kong Rongmei , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: January 2017

We report the development of a cobalt phosphide nanoarray as an efficient and stable catalyst for the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media. Its high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity enables it to be used as a bifunctional catalyst for less energy‐intensive electrolytic hydrogen generation by replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction with HzOR. The corresponding two‐electrode electrolyzer using such a nanoarray as both the anode for HzOR and the cathode for HER only needs a cell voltage of 0.2 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH with 100 mM hydrazine, which is 1.45 V less than that for pure water splitting. This electrolyzer also shows strong long‐term electrochemical durability with nearly 100 % faradic efficiency for hydrogen evolution.
Theory and Simulations for the Electron‐Transfer/Ion‐Transfer Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in the Presence or Absence of Homogenous Kinetics
Authors: Oleinick Alexander , Yu Yun , Svir Irina , Mirkin Michael V. , Amatore Christian
Published: January 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Amatore (Paris, France) and Mirkin (New York, USA). The image illustrates the delivered and captured flux gradients inside the nanopipette as well as those generated inside the nanocleft delimited by the nanopipette tip and the electrode surface. It is a single‐barrel nanopipette, so the two gradients are artificially separated for graphical purposes by their individual projection on each face of the crosscut volume. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201600583.
Dimensionally Controlled Assembly of an External Stimuli‐Responsive [Co2Fe2] Complex into Supramolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Networks
Authors: Sekine Yoshihiro , Nihei Masayuki , Oshio Hiroki
Published: January 2017

A stimuli‐responsive tetranuclear complex was assembled into new aggregates with controllable dimensionality through directional hydrogen bonds (HBs). A cyanide‐bridged tetranuclear complex cation, [Co2Fe2(CN)6(tp*)2(bpy*)4]2+ (abbreviated to 12+) (tp*=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate and bpy*=4,4′‐di‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) has two terminal cyanide nitrogens and acts as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor (HBA) with a linear bridging mode. Co‐crystallization of 12+ with p‐hydroquinone (H2Q), a hydrogen‐bond donor (HBD) with two donor sites, led to a one‐dimensional aggregate, 1(BPh4)2⋅(H2Q)⋅2 H2O (2), while a two‐dimensional sheet with a honeycomb structure, 13(PF6)6⋅(H3PG)2⋅4 CH3CN⋅8 H2O (3), was obtained by co‐crystallization with phloroglucinol (H3PG) acting as a three‐way structure‐directing HBD. Magnetic measurements revealed that 2 and 3 exhibited thermal and light‐induced electron‐transfer‐coupled spin transitions (ETCSTs).
Separation of Anti‐Phase Signals Due to Parahydrogen Induced Polarization via 2D Nutation NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Obenaus Utz , Althoff‐Ospelt Gerhard , Lang Swen , Himmelmann Robin , Hunger Michael
Published: January 2017

The present work introduces a novel method for the selective detection of 1H NMR anti‐phase signals caused by the pairwise incorporation of parahydrogen into olefins on noble‐metal‐containing catalysts. Via a two‐dimensional (2D) nutation NMR experiment, the anti‐phase signals of hyperpolarized 1H nuclei are separated due to their double nutation frequency compared to that of thermally polarized 1H nuclei. For demonstrating this approach, parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) was achieved via the hydrogenation of propene with parahydrogen on platinum‐containing silica and investigated by in situ 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy under continuous‐flow conditions, that is, the hydrogenation reaction was performed inside the magnet of the NMR spectrometer. The 2D nutation NMR experiment described in the present work is useful for the separation of overlapping anti‐phase and in‐phase signals due to hyperpolarized and thermally polarized 1H nuclei, respectively, which is important for research in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
A novel method for multipath routing using cross layer approach in vehicular adhoc networks
Authors: Bhagyavathi M. , Saritha V. , Venkata Krishna P.
Published: January 2017

Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is playing a vital role in recent research. Designing an effective routing protocol for VANET is a challenging task as the VANET nodes move very fast. The design of the routing protocol normally is particular to the specific topology. This paper proposes CLMR, a multipath routing protocol based on cross layer design and also using Redundant Array Inexpensive Disks (RAID). Cross layer is designed among application, network, Media Access Control, and physical layers. It is employed to reduce the end to end delay in network, and RAID is used to minimize the number of re‐transmissions. Three variations of RAID are implemented—Distributed Parity along Single path, Double Distributed Parity, and Distributed Parity among Multiple paths. Multipath routing protocol based on cross layer‐Distributed Parity along Single path recovers 1 packet loss per parity packet along the corresponding path, CLMR‐Double Distributed Parity recovers 2 packets per parity packet along the corresponding path, and CLMR‐Distributed Parity among Multiple paths recovers the packets of the failed path. The evaluation is carried out to test the Quality of Service parameters‐end to end delay, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and number of retransmissions. The results projected show that the CLMR performs better when compared with the legacy protocol Adhoc On‐demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing.