bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دراسة امتزاز مركب جالكوني باستخدام مسحوق أوراق الشاي والفحم المنشط
Authors: مهدي عقاب شروق
Published: April 2024

تضمنت هذه الدراسة تقييم كفاءة الامتزاز لمسحوق بقايا الشاي كمادة مازة طبيعية والفحم المنشط التجاري كمادة مازة صناعية لإزالة المركب الجالكوني ((E)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-bromo phenyl)pro-2-en-1-one والذي تم تحضيره من تفاعل (4-bromo benzaldehyde) مع (2-acetyl benzofuran). تمت دراسة تأثير بعض العوامل على كفاءة الامتزاز مثل(كمية المادة المازة، زمن التماس، تركيز المادة الممتزة، pH ودرجة الحرارة) لقد بلغت اعلى نسبة إزالة (79.01%) عند استخدام مسحوق أوراق الشاي وعند زمن اتزان مقداره 30 دقيقة. اما عند استخدام الفحم المنشط فكانت اعلى نسبة إزالة (90.87%) عند زمن اتزان مقداره 30 دقيقة ايضاً. ولوصف نظام الامتزاز تم تطبيق اربع نماذج ايزوثرمية أعطت جميعها علاقات خطية وبمعاملات ارتباط جيدة، وكان نموذج فريندلج الأكثر ملائمة لإعطائه اعلى معامل ارتباط ولكلا المادتين المازتين المستخدمة في الدراسة. اشتملت الدراسة على حساب قيم الدوال الثرموديناميكية والتي بينت ان عملية الامتزاز وباستخدام كلا المادتين المازتين هي عملية تلقائية من خلال قيم ΔG، كما وان العملية باعثة للحرارة وهذا ما أظهرته قيم ΔH المحسوبة. بالإضافة الى قيم ΔS التي بينت ان المادة الممتزة تكون اكثر انتظاما على سطوح المواد المازة المستخدمة مما هي عليه في المحلول.
Impact of three different plans on the Next Generation Passive Optical Networks stage two for downstream transmission
Authors: Rawa Muayad Mahmood Rawa Muayad
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In this work, a simulative analysis of 40 Gb/s downstream time and wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network second stage (NG-PON2) had been designed and demonstrated. The performance of three different wavelength plans in TWDM-PON are evaluated as the solution to NG-PON2 to support 40Gbit/s bandwidth requirement. A four 10-Gb/s TWDM-PON signals are stacked using four different wavelengths in the downstream direction and externally modulated. The system performance is observed using Bit Error Rate (BER) and Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) with respect to the design parameters such as distance, number of users and received optical power. Thus, the proposed system was able to support 512 number of users and 80 km transmission distance. When the system is tested upon transmission of triple play services over 80km distance with 512 users, it is shown that BER of 8.9 × 10-10, 3.9 × 10-9 and 1.3 × 10-4 are achieved for data, voice and video, respectively.
Development of a Spectrophotometric Technique for The Estimation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in its Pure also in Pharmaceutical Formulatio, using organic reagent (A1)
Authors: Al-rashidy Asmaa  Ahmed
Published: April 2024

A sensitive, simple, as well as accurate spectrophotometric technique to the estimation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) drug in pure also pharmaceutical formulations was developed. It was created by the reaction of (SMX) and organic reagent (A1) after oxidation by iron chloride and potassium periodate in acidic medium. The absorption of the product of SMX and A1 was measured at 423 nm. Linearity ranged between (0.5-22.5 μg. mL-1), molar absorptivity was (6.839 *10+3L / mol.cm), limits of detection and quantification were (0.204, 0.612 μg/ml ), respectively, the method was applied successfully to the estimation of SMX in pure and pharmaceutical formulations.
Systemically administered amoxicillin/ metronidazole versus azithromycin as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation during non-surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela E. , Lenherr Patrik , Walter Clemens , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole or azithromycin when used as adjunct systemic antibiotics during the non-surgical periodontal therapy of chronic periodontitis. The databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Biosis were electronically searched. Additionally, a hand search was conducted up to24 October 2019. From 76 papers, only two papers could be included in the analysis. The calculated mean probability of having probing depth (PD) ≤ 3 mm after non-surgical periodontal therapy in moderate (4-6 mm) and deep (> 6 mm) pockets accounted for 7% and 6% for the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole. For azithromycin it was 3% and 1%, respectively. The mean probability of persisting pockets ≥ 5 mm was 0 for moderate pockets with both antibiotic therapies whereas for deep pockets therapy with amoxicillin and metronidazole seems slightly lower. On the basis of two studies included in this systematic review, azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the non-surgical adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis seems to provide clinical results similar to the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole. On behalf of patients' compliance and well-being, the use of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy of chronic periodontitis may be a substitute to amoxicillin and metronidazole. However, interpretation should be taken with caution, since the results are based on two studies only; thus, further clinical trials are necessary to underline or refute this trend.
What happened to our former students five to six years after graduation? An endodontic teacher's perspective
Authors: Thiessen Michelle , Zehnder Matthias , Attin Thomas , Marending Monika
Published: April 2024

Endodontic teaching follows common concepts in the four Swiss dental schools. The aim of this survey was to ask former Swiss dental students how they adopted these endodontic concepts in clinical practice. All the graduates of the years 2012 and 2013 (n = 196) were targeted in 2018 using an internet-based anonymous questionnaire, which was based on five initial questions. One hundred forty-one individuals (participants) filled in these questions on their work situation and referral concepts (72% response rate). Those 111 participants who performed root canal treatments themselves were the focus group. They answered an additional 11 questions. Their affinity towards performing endodontic treatments was investigated. The use of rubber dam isolation served as a surrogate to see if biological principles were respected. Furthermore, it was asked which instrumentation systems they used in daily practice, and how they perceived the impact of their superior/employer on these choices. Of the 141 survey participants 55 were men and 86 women. Thirty-eight of these (27%) reported to refer difficult endodontic cases. Individuals in the focus group had an overall positive attitude towards endodontics. There was very little variance in the responses between the four Swiss dental schools. The vast majority (86.5%) reported to use rubber dam routinely. More than half in the focus group used reciprocating systems, and only a few (22.5%) would still use the rotary system they were taught at university. There was a significantly (p < 0.05) higher perceived impact of the employer on choice of instrumenting system versus the use of rubber dam.
Cyber Victimization, Social Self Efficacy and Self Esteem among Adults
Authors: Tanseer Saba , Razzaq Sehar , Liaqat Sana , Moubeen Rimsha , Rafiq Saria , Sher Sana , Naz Fariha
Published: April 2024

Background: With the pervasive integration of digital technology into daily life, cyber victimization has emerged as a significant concern, particularly among adults. Previous research underscores the relationship between cyber victimization, self-esteem, and social self-efficacy, highlighting the psychological impacts and potential gender differences in these experiences. Understanding these dynamics is critical for developing effective interventions.
Objective: This study aims to explore the associations between cyber victimization, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem among adults, investigate the role of gender in these relationships, and assess the predictive value of cyber victimization and social self-efficacy on self-esteem.
Methods: A correlational research design was employed, with a sample of 200 adults from various universities in Lahore. The Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory II (RCBI-II), Social Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were utilized for data collection. Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and independent sample t-tests were conducted using SPSS version 25 to analyze the data.
Results: The study found a negative correlation between cyber victimization and social self-efficacy (r = -.18, p < 0.01), and a positive correlation between social self-efficacy and self-esteem (r = .24, p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed cyber victimization as a positive predictor of self-esteem (β = .19, p < 0.05) and social self-efficacy as a negative predictor (β = -.22, p < 0.01). Gender differences were noted, with boys reporting higher rates of cyber victimization than girls.
Conclusion: Cyber victimization and social self-efficacy significantly impact self-esteem among adults, with notable gender differences in the experience of cyber victimization. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem and social self-efficacy to mitigate the adverse effects of cyber victimization.
Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Respiratory Specimens: Phenotypic and Molecular Insights
Authors: Safdar Saba , Mustafa Mahrukh Ghulam , Aziz Israr , Iqrar Ifra , Iqbal Mavara
Published: April 2024

Background: The global rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a formidable challenge to healthcare systems, with Acinetobacter baumannii standing out as a particularly resilient pathogen in hospital settings. The propensity of this organism to exhibit multidrug resistance complicates treatment protocols and underscores the need for in-depth research into its resistance mechanisms.
Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the allelotypic and molecular features of aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from respiratory specimens and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profiles to inform better clinical decision-making and treatment approaches.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the different labs of various institute of Lahore. A total of 50 respiratory specimens were cultured on selective media. The isolates underwent phenotypic characterization through colony morphology and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disc diffusion method, and molecular analysis was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the armA gene associated with aminoglycoside resistance. Statistical analysis was executed using SPSS Version 25.
Results: Of the 50 isolates, 54% were from male patients and 46% from female patients. Antibiotic resistance was alarmingly high, with resistance rates of 92% for TZP, 90% for FEP, CAZ, IPM, MEM, 86% for AK, 74% for CN, 54% for TOB, and 48% for DO. The presence of the armA gene was detected in 86% of the isolates, suggesting a link to the high levels of aminoglycoside resistance observed.
Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in respiratory specimens, with significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics. These findings highlight the necessity for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns and call for innovative approaches to antimicrobial therapy.
The Metabolic Insight into Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evaluating Adiponectin's Impact on Severity and Therapy
Authors: Nangdev Pirya , Bughio Rabia , Rathi Naveeta , Devi Durga
Published: April 2024

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Recent research has suggested a significant link between metabolic alterations and ASD pathology, particularly focusing on adiponectin, a hormone related to glucose regulation and fatty acid breakdown. Anomalies in adiponectin levels have been associated with cognitive impairment and the severity of ASD.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential of the ADIPOQ gene as a biomarker for dementia in individuals with ASD, exploring its correlation with cognitive decline and metabolic dysregulation.
Methods: A total of 108 EDTA blood samples from ASD patients and 32 from healthy controls were collected after obtaining written informed consent. The inclusion criteria included individuals aged over 40 with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and confirmed cases of diabetes and dementia. Exclusion criteria comprised the absence of clinical history, refusal of consent, and secondary autism. Adiponectin levels were quantified using ELISA, and cognitive function was assessed via MMSE scores over a six-month follow-up period. Data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.0 with ANOVA for statistical significance.
Results: The study found a significant decrease in adiponectin levels among ASD patients (5.17±1.04 µg/mL) compared to healthy controls (11.37±4.14 µg/mL, p=0.014). MMSE scores were notably lower in the ASD group (10.26±2.56) than in controls (23.1±3.12, p=0.006). A marked underexpression of ADIPOQ gene (fold change of 4.9) was observed in patients with dementia.
Conclusion: The ADIPOQ gene shows potential as a biomarker for the early detection of dementia in ASD, offering avenues for personalized medical interventions and preventative healthcare measures. Recognizing its role could lead to improved therapeutic strategies and a reduction in the healthcare burden due to neurodegenerative diseases associated with ASD.
Perception and Practices Towards Road Safety Rules and Regulations Amongst Pakistani Population
Authors: Shumaila Qamar-Un-Nisa , Feroz Tariq , Naz Kanwal , Ilyas M
Published: April 2024

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a critical public health issue in densely populated urban areas like Latifabad, Hyderabad. Understanding the community's perception and practices towards road safety can inform targeted interventions to reduce RTAs.
Objective: This study aims to explore the perception and practices regarding road traffic rules and regulations among residents of various units in Latifabad, Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March to August 2023 in Latifabad, Hyderabad. It involved 400 commuters aged 18 years and above, from either gender, residing in the area. Participants were included irrespective of their possession of a driving license, provided they consented to participate. Data on their perceptions and practices concerning road traffic were collected using a structured written questionnaire.
Results: The participant demographic included 64.7% males and 35.3% females with an average age of 22.6 ± 1.2 years; the majority were students. Nearly half (48.0%) attributed poor road conditions as a primary cause of RTAs. Over half (57.0%) recognized driving without a valid license as an offense, with females significantly more aware (p<0.05) of the risks of improper overtaking and the links between illiteracy, irresponsible behavior, and increased RTAs. There was no significant difference in the scores for violations and lapses related to injury exposure, though a significant association was found between errors and injury exposure.
Conclusion: Despite possessing adequate knowledge, participants frequently displayed a dismissive attitude towards compliance with traffic laws, normalizing risky behaviors and potentially increasing the risk of road traffic accidents and injuries.
Incidence of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Patients with Pancytopenia
Authors: Hadi Niktash Khan , Nouman Muhammad Kashif , Marwat Farooq , Khan Shahmir Tariq , Yazdaan Hamd E , Din Nizamud
Published: April 2024

Background: Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, notably in South Asia and Africa. The clinical manifestation of malaria, including pancytopenia, varies widely, leading to complex challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the association between Vivax malaria and hematological abnormalities like pancytopenia is critical for improving patient outcomes in endemic regions.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Plasmodium vivax in patients presenting with pancytopenia and to assess the demographic and hematological profiles of these patients in a high-prevalence area.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from January 2021 to January 2023. A total of 350 patients who presented at the medical outpatient department were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected using aseptic techniques, and peripheral blood smears were prepared for analysis. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with categorical data analyzed using Chi-square tests and continuous variables using t-tests, setting statistical significance at p < 0.05.
Results: Of the 350 patients studied, 71.4% were male and 28.6% were female, with a mean age of 55.1 years. The hemoglobin levels averaged 8.86 g/dl (SD ± 1.77), and the leukocyte count was 2.84×10^3/Cmm (SD ± 3.31). Platelet counts averaged 77.25×10^9/Cmm (SD ± 2.90). Overall, 52.6% of patients tested positive for P. vivax. There were no significant differences in the incidence of P. vivax infection across age groups (p = 0.36) or between genders (p = 0.41).
Conclusion: The study confirmed a significant prevalence of P. vivax in patients with pancytopenia, highlighting the need for routine screening in malaria-endemic regions. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing pancytopenia in patients with malaria and can lead to substantial improvements in clinical outcomes.
Ann Jefferson, Rainier Rocchi et Olivier Wagner : Nathalie Sarraute aujourd'hui. Les impensés d’une écriture
Authors: Gannier Odile
Published: April 2024

Soumission à Epi-revel

Plus de deux décennies après la disparition de Nathalie Sarraute, l’ambition de ce volume est d’ouvrir des perspectives nouvelles d’interprétation de son écriture. Il s’agit, au moyen des travaux d’une nouvelle génération de sarrautiens, de replacer cette œuvre dans des contextes historique, social et littéraire, et tout particulièrement de se confronter à tous les tabous dressés par Sarraute elle-même autour de son univers. Sa biographie était-elle réellement de si peu d’importance dans son travail d’écrivain ? Était-elle si objective en présentant son travail comme un travail solitaire ? Son genre était-il réellement sans rapport avec son écriture ? Les comparaisons avec d’autres écrivains étaient-elles vraiment mal venues ?Dans une volonté de renouvellement des grilles de lecture de cette œuvre, ce livre se concentre sur la recherche de l’origine toujours à trouver de l’extraordinaire fraîcheur de cette écriture. Il tente de s’aventurer dans « cette fausse direction » qu’elle-même indiquait par où toutes les certitudes s’estompent et où l’interprétation trouve à se défaire pour se tisser d’un geste neuf.Avec les contributions de : Françoise Asso, Marie-Hélène Boblet, Mireille Calle-Gruber, Joëlle Chambon, Simona Crippa, Pascale Fautrier, Chloé Jacquesson, Jean-Louis Jeannelle, Ann Jefferson, Annabel Kim, Carrie Landfried, Sylvie Loignon, Evgeniya Molkova, Solenne Montier, Rainier Rocchi, Jean-Yves Tadié, Naomi Toth, Olivier Wagner.

International audience
Análisis Radiográfico Comparativo de Tratamientos Endodónticos
Authors: Briem Stamm Alan Diego , Fernández Iriarte Marta Alicia , Arias Carla Georgina , Outes María Salomé , Zemborain Carlos Raimundo , Casadoumecq Ana Clara , Bello Julio Facundo , Rannelucci Luis Reinaldo , Salazar Johanna Denise , Telechea César Rodolfo , Macuglia Ornella , Borgo Pamela , Gómez Clarisa Yanina
Published: April 2024

Introducción: La identificación por cotejo de registros odontológicos representa una metodología científicamente consolidada. La estrategia más común reside en la comparación de odontogramas impresos o digitalizados, aunque se ha cuestionado cierta subjetividad al asentar dicha información. Los recursos imagenológicos constituyen una evidencia más confiable y objetiva, reduciendo el sesgo identificatorio. La obtención de radiografías post mortem (PM) reproduciendo en lo posible las técnicas que han generado las imágenes ante mortem (AM) recuperadas, otorga una eficaz modalidad comparativa, aumentando su valor probatorio. Materiales y Métodos: Se efectuó la comparación entre radiografías panorámicas y periapicales tomadas a 10 pacientes atendidos en un consultorio particular de la ciudad de Quilmes, Provincia de Buenos Aires, donde se visualizaban tratamientos de endodoncia. Los registros de ambas técnicas de imágenes se realizaron sobre los mismos sujetos entre los años 2010 y 2022. Se cotejaron 11 radiografías periapicales y 10 panorámicas, procediéndose a la digitalización de la totalidad de la muestra. Se clasificaron las imágenes de cada persona conforme a la fecha de obtención de las mismas. A las más antiguas se las catalogó con el color verde, representando el material AM, mientras que las más recientes se marcaron en color rojo, constituyendo la información PM. Resultados: Teniendo en cuenta los criterios estipulados por la Junta Americana de Odontología Forense (ABFO) se identificaron positivamente 7 casos estudiados, 2 fueron catalogados como identificación posible, en tanto que 1 se clasificó como insuficiente. No se registraron exclusiones. Conclusión: Los tratamientos endodónticos podrían suministrar información ponderable en procesos de identificación humana en virtud de la escasa probabilidad de sufrir alteraciones morfológicas y estructurales por su estratégica localización intradentaria, otorgando posibilidades concretas de establecer la identidad categórica de sujetos desconocidos.
Control Radiográfico de Trasplante Dentario
Authors: Paltas Miranda M E , Lascano Villacis A M , Andrade Peñafiel A L , Padilla Paltas E A , Flores Cuvi David Sebastian
Published: April 2024

El trasplante dentario es una opción terapéutica para reemplazar un órgano dental perdido, causado por un proceso carioso extenso, agenesia, traumatismos o iatrogenias. Este procedimiento quirúrgico traslada un órgano dental íntegro desde un alveolo donante hacia su lecho receptor; para lo cual debe poseer ciertas características que permitan tener un pronóstico favorable a largo plazo. El presente estudio describe la evolución de un trasplante dental autólogo realizado hace 14 años a una paciente que acudió a la consulta para valoración del órgano dental 4.7, el que presentó un pronóstico desfavorable, por lo cual se realizó exodoncia y trasplante inmediato del diente vital 4.8 al alveolo del órgano dental 4.7. Tras la planificación quirúrgica se procedió con la intervención conservando la vitalidad pulpar del diente a ser trasplantado, se realizó control clínico y radiográfico a los 15 días, 30 días, 6 meses, 1 año, 5 años y 14 años, en el que se observó conservación del paquete vasculonervioso y ligamento periodontal del órgano dental; a su vez se pudo evidenciar rizogénesis en el diente trasplantado y un aumento de la altura del proceso alveolar, mediante mediciones realizadas en Auto CAD 2023.
Avances en Endodoncia Regenerativa: Reporte de Caso con Uso de la Membrana Amniótica Humana
Authors: Decanini Maria Giuliana , Consoli Lizzi E P , Rodríguez P A
Published: April 2024

Los procedimientos endodónticos regenerativos (REPs) representan una evolución significativa en el campo de la endodoncia, buscando no sólo tratar la infección o lesión presente en el diente, sino también promover la regeneración de los tejidos dentarios afectados. En el presente caso clínico se muestra un incisivo lateral superior izquierdo con apexogénesis incompleta y diagnóstico de absceso alveolar crónico reagudizado en una paciente de 22 años, en el que se aplicó un procedimiento de endodoncia regenerativa (REPs). La estrategia terapéutica elegida se basó en los principios de ingeniería tisular, incorporando la novedosa aplicación de la membrana amniótica humana liofilizada esterilizada como andamio bioactivo intraconducto. Las evaluaciones clínicas, radiográficas y tomográficas a corto, mediano y largo plazo revelaron el éxito de la terapia. La resolución exitosa mostró en los controles a la pieza dentaria asintomática, con una notable resolución de la patología apical, aumento de la longitud radicular y disminución del calibre apical. Se ha podido destacar la eficacia de los REPs, con una exitosa aplicabilidad de la membrana amniótica como andamio innovador.
Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Small and Medium Enterprises Performance
Authors: Ullah Khan Sanan , Afridi Fahad , Amin Kashif
Published: April 2024

The study aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium enterprises' performance. A survey-based quantitative research design was used to collect primary data from registered SMEs. There are 3010 registered small and medium-sized enterprises. A stratified sampling technique was used for calculating sample size, and 353 respondents were selected for data collection with the help of a questionnaire; analysis was performed through descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and regression analysis were performed. The result shows There is a positive impact of risk-taking on small and medium sized enterprises' performance, a positive impact of innovation on small and medium-sized enterprises' performance, a positive impact of proactiveness on small and medium-sized enterprises' performance, a positive impact of autonomy the on small and medium-size enterprises' performance. The competitive aggressiveness has a positive impact on small and medium-size enterprises' performance. The study recommended the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance is a topic of significant significance and potential for providing clues to the keys to success in this vital economic sector. When we know how entrepreneurial orientation affects SME performance, policy leaders in government and businesses, financial institutions or industry associations, and other stakeholders will be able to devise tailored strategies that promote a favourable environment for the growth and continued existence of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises; Further research can also shed light on some of the actionable advice for SMEs to improve their entrepreneurial capability and competitive advantage.
Analysis of Focalization: A Case of John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath”
Authors: Uddin Noonari Azhar , Ibrahim Khokhar Muhammad , Shaheen Rubina
Published: April 2024

Modern studies in narratology provide some fine models to study the structure of novels and stories. The modern narratological approaches divide books and stories into story, narrative, and narration. There is also a further division of these units, the focalization of which is very important. Focalization gives the idea of the center of perception, which means who the focalizer is and what is being focalized. The important advancement in this study is that this approach distinguishes between the narrator and the focalizer and states that the narrator is not always the focalizer. The Grapes of Wrath is one of John Steinbeck's best novels, and it won the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize for fiction.
The Busara toolkit: leveraging behavioral science for development
Authors:   ,   Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Jang Chaning , Koki Edel ,   Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nyaga Robert ,   Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Okafor Arize ,   Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Singh Jaspreet ,   Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Wendel Steve ,   sistemaFutura
Published: April 2024

The Busara Toolkit includes a framework (AUDAS), along with specific tools and templates designed to facilitate impactful and efficient projects. Toolkit covers the entire project life cycle from start to finish - i.e. from the very first stage where a project is staffed and kicked off, through the delivery, to the end where a project is closed and signed off with the client and/or partners. We’ve also added specific deep-dives on qualitative behavioral science, the dynamics and importance of understanding context, and tools for integrating systems analysis with behavioral field work.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION PROFILES OF ANTIPORTER ENCODING GENE (GhNHX1) UNDER DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF NaCl IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors:   Department of Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Alizada Shader
Published: April 2024

Salt stress supresses the productivity of plants. One important way to mediate the harmful effects of Na+ in plants is the compartmentation of Na+ into vacuoles, which is mediated by NHX-like Na+/H+ antiporters. In this study, the expression level of GhNHX1 gene encoding antiporter was evaluated under 100 mM and 200 mM concentration of NaCl in 31 cotton genotypes. As a result of the ANOVA analysis, a significant differences was recorded in the expression level of the gene under 0 mM and 200 mM stress conditions. A decrease in the expression level of this gene was observed in highly sensitive varieties (Ganja-182 and Carisma) and both an increase and a decrease in tolerant varieties. Such diversity in tolerant varieties shows that the resistance of samples is controlled by separate dominant genes.
A Experiência da Solidão numa Perspectiva Centrada na Pessoa
Authors: Ponte Roger
Published: April 2024

A partir de uma análise e discussão das considerações de Carl R. Rogers sobre o caso Ellen West. A pergunta diretriz deste estudo é: como a experiência de solidão, tomando-a como um tipo diferenciado de “condição facilitadora”, pode ser assumida enquanto um ingrediente fundamental para a constituição de um tornar-se si mesmo? No entender de Rogers, Ellen se perdeu em sua existência por não conseguir ouvir-se em suas expressões autenticamente organísmicas. Faltou-lhe acolhimento e escuta sensíveis, que pudessem ter suscitado a solidão, não em seu modo degenerado que é um pesado e angustiante isolamento de si. Porém, como uma experiência ímpar de recolhimento para adentrar esse modo de ser organísmico e autêntico, proponho, a partir da fala rogeriana, expor outras compreensões da experiência da solidão.
A experiência da branquitude no Brasil uma análise do filme “Que horas ela volta”
Authors: Palu da Silva Gabriela , Mühl Camila
Published: April 2024

Apesar do discurso falacioso de democracia racial, o racismo presente no Brasil afeta cotidianamente milhares de pessoas. No entanto, o estudo da branquitude enquanto a identidade racial branca que está relacionada a uma posição social privilegiada frente a pessoas classificadas como não brancas é ainda inicial no campo da fenomenologia. Diante disso, este trabalho se propôs a pensar o tema e usou um filme de grande audiência nacional, a obra “Que Horas Ela Volta?”(2015) como dado de pesquisa. Foi realizada uma análise fílmica com enfoque fenomenológico acerca dos aspectos da branquitude presentes no cinema brasileiro e as seguintes unidades de significado foram encontradas e analisadas: superioridade branca, encontro com a mulher racializada e fragilidade branca. O contexto do filme em que as interações se dão dentro de uma relação empregadora-trabalhadora doméstica traz características específicas para a vivência da branquitude e deixam situações de racismo invisibilizadas.
Experiência, crise, estrutura
Authors: Pereira Dos Santos Hernani
Published: April 2024

Neste ensaio teórico, propõe-se uma confrontação entre o pensamento de Thomas Kuhn, especialmente de sua análise do comportamento do cientista e das matrizes epistemológicas em A estrutura das revoluções científicas, e a abordagem fenomenológica da construção do conhecimento, tendo-se por centro a situação ontológica, metodológica e epistemológica da Psicologia. Desenvolve-se como ensaio teórico e argumentativo, que gira em torno de cinco linhas argumentativas principais por meio da confrontação das teses de Kuhn com a de autores de viés fenomenológico. Em um primeiro momento, procura-se demonstrar como o pensamento normal, analisado por Kuhn, possui a mesma estrutura de sentido do naturalismo, que procura ser criticamente analisado em uma perspectiva fenomenológica. Em um segundo momento, propõe-se que a psicologia não retrata um período de resolução de quebra-cabeças, de ciência normal, tampouco o estágio de uma “ciência pré-paradigmática”, conforme os critérios diagnósticos de Kuhn; e que esta abordagem se deve a uma tentativa de fundamentação analógica da Psicologia, mas que esconde um preconceito filosófico. Derivado deste ponto, em um terceiro momento, mostra-se como o pressuposto da pretensa unidade da Psicologia, enquanto realidade ou enquanto meta, ou, ainda, de seu sucesso técnico, vela a questão dos fundamentos da Psicologia. Como quarto argumento, analisa-se como o desencaixe entre linguagem e realidade, ou entre conceito e factualidade, costuma ser lido em termos de uma “crise paradigmática” ou de “crise da Psicologia”, o que, hipoteticamente, exigiria uma terapêutica para corrigir a problemática instaurada. Por fim, defende-se que este desencaixe, pelo contrário, motiva uma “mudança de atitude” por parte do teórico em Psicologia e, assim, exige com que ele lide com o problema dos fundamentos.
Sobre a filosofia social de Alfred Schütz: o começo de seu pensamento
Authors: Pissette de Lima Lucas , Furtado Holanda Adriano
Published: April 2024

A partir da leitura da obra de Alfred Schütz, o presente trabalho visa explorar o começo de sua filosofia social. Para tanto, é apresentado um breve panorama da vida de Schütz, bem como do contexto em que se inserem seus escritos. Como marco do começo do pensamento de Schütz, é apresentado no texto a obra Fenomenología del mundo social (Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt, publicada originalmente em 1932). O livro é construído a partir do diálogo entre a sociologia compreensiva de Max Weber, mais especificamente sua teoria da ação social, e as filosofias de Henri Bergson e Edmund Husserl. Schütz (1972) parte de uma crítica à falta de sustentação filosófica de alguns conceitos de Weber, e busca em Bergson e Husserl tal sustentação. Desta proposta inicial, Schütz constitui uma possibilidade original de leitura de mundo.
Effets des transferts de fonds des migrants sur le capital humain dans les pays de l’UEMOA
Authors:   UFR/SEG – Université Thomas SANKARA, OUEDRAOGO Aminata , OUEDRAOGO Idrissa Mohammed ,   Ecole Doctorale – Université Aube Nouvelle
Published: April 2024

Résumé : L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’effet des transferts de migrants sur le capital humain dans les pays de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) sur la période 2000-2014 Les estimations par la méthode des doubles moindres carrés 2SLS, qui permet une prise en compte de l’endogénéité des transferts de fonds, montrent que les transferts de fonds des migrants, qui représentent la deuxième source de financement externe de ces pays après l’aide publique au développement, ont un effet positif sur le capital humain dans ces pays. Ainsi, la réception de ces transferts par les ménages de ces pays permet d’assouplir leurs contraintes budgétaires et les incite à investir davantage dans l’éducation et la santé. Il est donc nécessaire d’inciter la réduction des coûts de transferts d’argent des migrants qui, en permettant une augmentation des transferts, contribuerait à améliorer les résultats en matière d’éducation et de santé et de contribution au développement du capital humain. Mots-clés : Transferts de fonds des migrants – Capital humain – UEMOA. Effects of migrant remittances on human capital in WAEMU countries Summary: The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of migrant remittances on human capital in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries over the period 2000-2014. Estimates using the two-stage least square 2SLS method, which allows accounting for the endogeneity of remittances, show that migrant remittances, which represent the second-largest source of external financing for these countries after official development assistance, have a positive effect on human capital in these countries. The receipt of these transfers by households in these countries relaxes their budgetary constraints and enables them to invest more in education and health. It is therefore necessary to incentivize a reduction in remittance costs, which, by enabling an increase in remittances, would contribute to improving results for education and health, as well as contributing to the development of human capital. Keywords: Migrants’ remittances – Human capital – WAEMU. JEL Classification : F24 – F22 – J24
Effets de l’inclusion financière sur la stabilité financière dans l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine
Authors:   Département d’économie - UFR/SJPEG – Université Nazi Boni, COULIBALY Moussa
Published: April 2024

Résumé : Cet article analyse les effets de l’inclusion financière sur la stabilité financière dans l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA). Pour ce faire, il adopte le modèle Autorégressif à retards échelonnés (ARRE) ou Autoregressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) et utilise les données de panel couvrant les huit pays de l’UEMOA sur la période 2007-2019. Le modèle a été estimé par la méthode de la moyenne de groupe agrégée ou le Pooled Mean Group (PMG). Les résultats des estimations révèlent que l’inclusion financière renforce la stabilité financière à long terme dans l’UEMOA. Au regard de ces résultats, cette recherche encourage la poursuite de la mise en œuvre de la stratégie d’inclusion financière. Mots-clés : Inclusion financière – Stabilité financière – UEMOA. Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability in the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Summary: This paper analyzes the effects of financial inclusion on financial stability in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). To do so, it adopts the ARDL model and uses panel data covering the eight WAEMU countries over 2007-2019 period. The model was estimated by the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) method. The findings show that financial inclusion enhances long-term financial stability in WAEMU. In light of these findings, this paper encourages policymakers and monetary authorities in WAEMU to continue implementing the financial inclusion strategy. Keywords: Financial inclusion – Financial stability – WAEMU. JEL Classification: G21 – G28 – N27
Effect of economic institutions and the political environment on industrialisation in the WAEMU
Authors:   Laboratoire d'économie appliquée  Université Norbert Zongo (UNZ), GOUMBRI Jean De Dieu , DIANDA Issa ,   Centre d'Etudes, de Documentation, de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (CEDRES) Université Nazi Boni (UNB)
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of economic institutions and the political environment on industrialisation in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The data used cover six countries over the period 2008-2018. These are Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. Ordinary least squares and generalized least squares estimates reveal that economic institutions, proxied by economic freedom, have a positive effect on industrialisation. In contrast, terrorism undermines the industrialisation boom in the region. The findings of the paper point to the need for WAEMU governments to take a critical look at economic freedom and a stable political environment as a precondition to ensure industrial development in the Union. Keywords: Industrialisation - Economic institutions - Political environment - WAEMU Effet des institutions économiques et de l'environnement politique sur l'industrialisation dans l'UEMOA Résumé : L'objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’effet des institutions économiques et de l’environnement politique sur l’industrialisation dans l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA). Les données utilisées couvrent six pays sur la période 2008-2018. Il s'agit du Burkina Faso, de la Côte d’Ivoire, du Mali, du Niger, du Sénégal et du Togo. Les estimations des moindres carrés ordinaires et des moindres carrés généralisés révèlent que les institutions économiques, représentées par la liberté économique, ont un effet positif sur l’industrialisation. En revanche, le terrorisme compromet l’essor de l’industrialisation dans la région. Les conclusions de cet article soulignent la nécessité pour les gouvernements de l’UEMOA de porter un regard critique sur la liberté économique et un environnement politique stable comme condition préalable pour assurer le développement industriel dans l'Union. Mots-clés : Industrialisation - Institutions économiques - Environnement politique -UEMOA JEL Classification: E02 - L52 – O14 – P48
Contribution de la Caisse Autonome de Retraite des Fonctionnaires (CARFO) à la croissance économique du Burkina Faso
Authors:   Laboratoire Questions Globales de Politiques Economique  et/ou UFR SEG – Université Thomas Sankara, NAPON Alima Paule Ariane
Published: April 2024

Résumé : Cet article analyse la contribution de la Caisse Autonome de Retraite des Fonctionnaires (CARFO) à la croissance économique du Burkina Faso sur la période de 2007 à 2019. Nous utilisons un modèle Autorégressif à Retards Echelonnés (ARDL) tout en l’adaptant à notre contexte d’étude. Les différentes estimations ont permis de montrer le lien qui existe entre le taux de croissance du Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB) réel et les variables de la sécurité sociale comme les produits techniques, le résultat, les prestations sociales. Il ressort que les produits techniques et le résultat ont un effet positif et significatif sur la croissance du PIB réel à court et à long termes. Par contre, les prestations sociales ont un effet négatif sur la croissance du PIB réel. Une revalorisation des cotisations et une maîtrise des charges techniques pourraient être un canal pour stimuler la croissance économique du Burkina Faso. Mots-clés : Prévoyance Sociale - Fonctionnaires - Caisse de Retraite – Croissance économique Contribution of the Autonomous Pension Fund for Civil Servants (CARFO) to the Economic Growth of Burkina Faso Abstract: This paper analyses the contribution of the Autonomous Pension Fund for Civil Servants (CARFO) to the economic growth of Burkina Faso over the period 2007 to 2019. We use the AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model adapting it to our study context. All the estimates show that there is a link between the growth rate of the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and social security the variables such as technical products, earnings and social benefits. Technical products and earnings have a positive and significant effect on the real GDP growth in both the short and long term. On the other hand, social benefits have a negative effect on real GDP growth. A revalorisation of contributions and control of technical costs could be a channel to stimulate economic growth of Burkina Faso. Keywords: Social security - Civil servants - Pension fund - Economic growth. Classification: H55 - J26 - H23 - O41.
Analysen zu Oberflächen- und Tiefenmerkmalen des Musikunterrichts an Gymnasien und Gesamtschulen in musikalischen Profilklassen sowie in Klassen ohne Profil
Authors: Nonte Sonja , Willems Ariane S. , Stubbe Tobias C.
Published: April 2024

In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst die theoretischen Hintergründe und aktuel-len Diskurse zu Verbreitung und Umsetzung von Musikklassen sowie zur Unterrichtsqualität in diesen Klassen beschrieben. Auch wenn sich diese zunehmender Beliebtheit erfreuen, liegen bisher kaum quantitativ-empirische Studien vor, die sich mit der Analyse von Gestaltungs- und Qualitätsmerkmalen des Musik-unterrichts befassen. Anhand einer Stichprobe von n = 209 Schüler*innen, die in der sechsten und siebten Jahrgangsstufe befragt wurden, wird untersucht, in welchem Zusammenhang Unterrichtsqualitätsmerkmale mit dem musikbezogenen Interesse stehen. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass das kognitive Aktivierungspotenzial insbesondere in Klassen ohne Musikprofil mit einem stärker ausgeprägten Interesse an Musik zusammenhängt, während in Musikklassen die Teilnahme an Wettbewerben mit einem größeren Musikinteresse einhergeht. Diese und weitere Befunde werden auf der Grundlage aktueller Forschungsbefunde zunächst diskutiert um daran angelehnt Bezüge zur Praxis herzustellen.
Proposed Marketing Strategy to Increase Sales Turnover at Retail Store X Using SWOT and QSPM Analysis
Authors: Zulfikar Muhamad , Sukapto Paulus
Published: April 2024

Toko Retail X, a retail store, provides a variety of daily needs. The Southeast Sulawesi province's Baubau City is home to Toko Retail X, which was formed in 2010. Toko Retail X has been around recently. As a result of Toko Retail X's strategy of constantly adding new products, it is believed that the reduction in profitability results from a need for more knowledge about internal and external elements that affect the business environment. Several techniques were used in the study process, such as the QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix), SWOT strategy matrix, and analysis of Toko Retail X's internal and external elements. Toko Retail X's advantages and disadvantages are among the identified internal factors. Porter's Five Forces Model, Toko Retail X prospects and threats, and the IE matrix are among the external aspects identified to ascertain the company's current situation. The SWOT and QSPM strategy matrices will also be utilized to develop and choose corporate strategies. Toko Retail X's position in Region II, where this position signifies growth and build, is indicated by the research results. This means that the developed strategy can concentrate on product development to increase the applications of the product, market penetration to grow the existing businesses, and market development to reach new markets with our current products. The eleven options that make up the final approach have been given a ranking. Developing social media to showcase Toko Retail X's details and answer customer inquiries about the products they wish to purchase is the highest ranking.
Dive Deeper into the Nature of Corruption through an Interdisciplinary Lens
Authors: Suparman Omang , Kusuma Dewi Elya , Anisah Supandi Tuti
Published: April 2024

Numerous scholars have conducted interdisciplinary studies from theoretical and empirical viewpoints to tackle the complex corruption issue. Presenting opinions from other disciplines, this study provides a comprehensive and current analysis of the recent literature on corruption. More specifically, the writers clarified corruption by merging viewpoints from several fields, including criminology, psychology, and economics. Through an organized investigation of the origins and effects of corruption at the human, corporate, and societal levels, we may comprehend the elements that lead to corrupt behavior and its substantial influence.