bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing College Student's Stigma Toward People With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial
Authors: Gao SiYu , Ng Siu-Man
Published: June 2023

Purpose: A new 1-day intervention grounded on the inter-group contact theory was developed and implemented to reduce college students’ stigma toward people with schizophrenia (PWS). We hypothesized that the stigmatizing situation could be alleviated by different levels of contact. Method: A pilot trial was conducted in Hong Kong with 41 college students participating in the intervention. Participants’ perception, stigmatizing attitudes, and social distance toward PWS were measured pre-, post, and 1-month after the intervention. Results: Significant changes were found in all outcome variables with moderate to high effect sizes. Knowledge session without direct contact contributed most to participants’ knowledge improvement, and higher levels of contact led to an obvious improvement in stigmatizing attitudes and social distance changes. Discussion:The current study provided evidence supporting the efficacy of the new intervention based on inter-group contact theory and practical experience for future stigma research.
Layperson-Supported Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Older Adults
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Kayser Jay , Turner Skyla , Zheng Chuxuan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study explores the feasibility, acceptability, and treatment outcomes of Empower@Home, a digital cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for geriatric depression.

Method

Participants with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) underwent a nine-session remote intervention supported by a lay coach ( N = 103).

Results

Most participants (91%) completed all nine sessions (mean = 8.5). According to the Treatment Evaluation Inventory, participant attitudes toward the program were largely positive. A medium effect in depression reduction was observed following the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.75) and at a 10-week follow-up (Cohen's d = 0.60). This reduction was large (Cohen's d = 1.31 at posttest and Cohen's d = 1.18 at 10-week follow-up) among those who presented with moderate depression at baseline (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). Significant improvements were also reported in anxiety, social isolation, loneliness, and behavioral activation.

Discussion

Empower@Home is a promising, acceptable digital mental health intervention for treating depression in older adults.
Growth and Symmetry of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Within the First Two Years of Life
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Levene Sierra , Piccorelli Annalisa V. , Allen Gregory C. , Barhaghi Krystle , Neuberger Ilana
Published: June 2023

Objective

To quantify differences in levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle dimensions based on age, sex, and race and determine the typical range of asymmetry between the left and right sides of the LVP under age 2

Design

Retrospective cohort study

Setting

Children's tertiary care hospital

Participants

A retrospective chart review of non-cleft patients under 2 who received a volumetric FLAIR MRI sequence within the past 18 months identified 216 patient scans. Exclusion criteria left 200 scans for analysis. Measurements of the LVP were obtained consistent with previous literature.

Interventions

Corrected age, sex, and race

Main Outcome Measure(s)

LVP muscle dimensions

Results

A significant ( P < .0001) difference between corrected age groups based on the overall combination of LVP variables after controlling for sex and race. Significant age differences included average extravelar length ( P < .0001), average intravelar length ( P < .0001), midline thickness ( P < .0001), and average ( P < .0001) and difference ( P = .0413) in insertion thickness. Significant sex differences included average intravelar length ( P = .0412) and average insertion thickness ( P = .0281). Significant race differences included average insertion thickness ( P = .0334) and difference in intravelar length ( P = .0473). Differences between left and right total length ( P = .0491) and angle of origin ( P < .0001) were significant.

Conclusions

Differences in LVP morphology were observed in individuals under 2 years or age related to age, sex, and race. While asymmetry was significant in some dimensions, it varied by age range.
Mandibular Dysmorphology and Clinical Presentation in Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Tonello C , Dias GB , Nunes RB , Fussuma CY , Sousa LR , Feitosa LB , Flores RL , Alonso N
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Treacher Collins syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterized by the multiple craniofacial malformations. Although the deformities affecting patients with Treacher Collins syndrome have been well characterized, the effects of these malformations to clinical severity of the syndrome are not well understood.

Objective

To determine the association of specific Treacher Collins mandibular malformations with clinical severity.

Design

A retrospective radiographic observational study.

Setting

Study conducted at a single institution, a quaternary craniofacial care center

Patients

54 patients with Treacher Collins syndrome.

Interventions

Computed tomography (CT), clinical photographs and medical history were included in this analysis. Mandibles were isolated from CT data and reconstructed in three dimensions using Mimics software. Cephalometric measurements were performed on CT data. Clinical severity was determined by Teber and Vincent scores. Association of craniofacial dysmorphology to clinical severity was determined by Spearman rank coefficient.

Main outcome measures

The main results obtained were the measurements of the mandibles and the quantification of the malformations of the evaluated patients

Results

Among the most frequent findings in the sample are hypoplasia of the zygomatic complex, descending palpebral cleft and mandibular hypoplasia. Patients with a lower ramus/corpus ratio had a higher (more severe) Teber and Vincent classification.

Conclusion

Patients with the most compromised mandible are also the patients with the highest number of malformations, thus, the most severe patients.
Safety and Effectiveness of a Standardized Intravenous Insulin Infusion Order Set for Managing Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia Outside the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ibarra Francisco
Published: June 2023

Background:

Few studies have evaluated the administration of intravenous (IV) insulin infusions for uncontrolled hyperglycemia in non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and there is inadequate data to guide how to appropriately administer IV insulin infusions to this patient population.

Objective:

Determine the effectiveness and safety of our institution’s non-critical care IV insulin infusion order set.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted at 2 institutions within a health care system. The primary outcome was the number of individuals who achieved a glucose level ≤180 mg/dL. For those meeting this endpoint, the time to achieving this outcome and the percentage of glucose checks within the goal range were determined. The primary safety endpoint was the number of individuals who experienced hypoglycemia (glucose level <70 mg/dL). Patients were included if they were ≥18 years of age and received the non-critical care IV insulin infusion order set outside of the ICU.

Results:

Twenty-one (84%) patients achieved a glucose level ≤180 mg/dL. The median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) time to achieving the primary outcome was 5.7 h (3.9-8.3). In patients who achieved the primary outcome, 41.8% of the glucose readings obtained after achieving this outcome were within goal range. Two (8%) patients experienced hypoglycemia. Both of these events occurred within 8 hours of therapy initiation and neither patient received prior doses of subcutaneous insulin. Of the 4 patients who did not achieve a glucose level ≤180 mg/dL, 2 received high-dose corticosteroids, and 3 achieved a glucose level between 181 and 200 mg/dL.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Our findings support the safe administration of IV insulin infusions to non-ICU patients when targeting a glucose range of 140 to 180 mg/dL and limiting the infusion duration.
Measuring Intolerance of Uncertainty After Acquired Brain Injury: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–12
Authors: Kusec Andrea , Murphy Fionnuala C. , Peers Polly V. , Manly Tom
Published: June 2023

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a risk factor for poor mental health. Acquired brain injury (ABI; for example, stroke, traumatic brain injury) often brings considerable uncertainty and increased mood disorder vulnerability. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale–Short Form (IUS-12) is a brief, well-validated IU measure in non-ABI samples, comprising two subscales, namely, Prospective Anxiety and Inhibitory Anxiety. Here, for the first time, we investigated its reliability and validity ( N = 118), and factor structure ( N = 176), in ABI. Both subscales had high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] of .75 and .86) and were significantly associated with mood disorder symptoms. The two-factor model was superior to a one-factor IU model fit. Some fit statistics were less than optimal (standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.06, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.09); hence, exploration of other factor structures in other ABI samples may be warranted. Nonetheless, the IUS-12 appears suitable in ABI.
Assessment of pharmacy students’ knowledge about breast cancer and colon cancer in Northern Cyprus universities
Authors: Alsakkaf Gamal E Ahmed , Boşnak Ahmet S , Birand Nevzat
Published: June 2023

Background

Colon and breast cancer are the most common types of cancer in cancer patients worldwide. Therefore, health students, especially pharmacy students, should be well-educated about colon and breast cancer. Adequate education and knowledge provide significant benefits from early diagnosis to treatment.

Methodology

This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study for 3 months between 1 November 2022, and 31 January 2023, in Northern Cyprus. The aim of this study was to assess pharmacy students’ knowledge of breast cancer and colon cancer in North Cyprus Universities.

Result

A total of 494 pharmacy students participated in this study. Twenty-three incompletely filled questionnaires were excluded from the study. Regarding Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students’ knowledge of colon cancer, 298 out of 494 had good knowledge and 196 out of 494 had poor knowledge. Regarding Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students’ knowledge of breast cancer, 317 out of 494 had good knowledge and 177 out of 494 had poor knowledge. The total score of knowledge of Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students about breast cancer was 10 ± 3.43 and 11.40 ± 3.67, respectively. The total score of knowledge of Near East University and Cyprus International University pharmacy students about colon cancer was 7.54 ± 3.67 and 9.19 ± 4.08, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings of the study indicate that most of the pharmacy students have good knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of breast and colon cancer, but are not at the ideal knowledge level expected in the fight against cancer after graduation.
Political communication on Facebook: Do populist parties send out more posts?
Authors: Thomeczek Jan Philipp
Published: June 2023

Scholars connect the rise of populist parties and the growing importance of social media platforms for political communication as the emerging social media logic seems well-suited to populist communication. The following research note presents a novel dataset that connects Facebook accounts to party-level populism data from the POPPA database. Over 600,000 posts from 226 parties between 2017 and 2019 were analysed. The results show that in most European countries, populist parties are more active than non-populist parties on Facebook. However, high variation in the frequency of posts emphasises that country-specific aspects play an important role. Generally, Italian parties are much more active than those from other countries, whereas those in Northern and Western Europe are the least active. The most active party in Europe, the Italian right-wing populist Lega, showed the most extreme level of activity: its daily activity is around 20 times higher than the median. Furthermore, this analysis highlights why researchers should carefully check Facebook data for implausible inactivity and how connecting different data resources can help overcome potential biases resulting from missing data. Future studies analysing any party communication on Facebook will benefit from the insights and the list of party accounts featured herein.
The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on intra- and inter-regional domestic travel: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Álvarez-Díaz Marcos , Chamorro-Rivas José María , González-Gómez Manuel , Otero-Giráldez María Soledad
Published: June 2023

This study empirically compares domestic tourists’ behavior before and after the Covid-19 outbreak. Specifically, official data are used to characterize the travel behavior of residents in Spain who traveled through this country for reasons of leisure, recreation, and vacations in 2019 and 2020. A discrete choice model is employed to unravel the main variables that influence the decision of being an inter-regional traveler. The bootstrap p-value method is used to detect significant changes in the marginal effect of the different variables after the Covid-19 outbreak. The estimation results demonstrate the following: (i) domestic inter- and intra-regional travelers have significant differences and, therefore, policy-makers should not design and implement “one size fits all” policies for domestic tourism; (ii) in addition to socio-economic factors, the regional push-pull factors (e.g., weather) and trip-related characteristics (e.g., type of accommodation) are also important in explaining inter-regional travel decisions; (iii) a high number of Covid-19 infections in the region of origin increases the probability of traveling inter-regionally; and (iv) the Covid-19 outbreak has caused an abrupt shift in domestic travelers’ profiles.
Online gathering in times of physical (im)mobility: Facebook practices of Malagasy mothers in France
Authors: Andrianimanana Fortunat Miarintsoa
Published: June 2023

Based on a thematic content analysis of 813 in-group posts, the study presented in this article aimed to analyse first the implications of (social) immobility and lockdowns for vulnerable communities such as immigrants and mothers among them due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and then how Facebook groups helped these communities to cope with such challenges. The analysis was conducted within Le Groupe des Mamans Gasy de France – a Facebook group restricted to France-based Malagasy mothers. It revealed that the group was used as a safe space of benevolence amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, a space for self-acceptance and empowerment, and a space for Malagasy cultural and identity anchoring. These findings align with Leah Williams Veazey's ‘migrant maternal imaginaries’ and Laura Candidatu's ‘diasporic mothering’ conceptual frameworks.
Not all skepticism is “healthy” skepticism: Theorizing accuracy- and identity-motivated skepticism toward social media misinformation
Authors: Li Jianing
Published: June 2023

Fostering skepticism has been seen as key to addressing misinformation on social media. This article reveals that not all skepticism is “healthy” skepticism by theorizing, measuring, and testing the effects of two types of skepticism toward social media misinformation: accuracy- and identity-motivated skepticism. A two-wave panel survey experiment shows that when people’s skepticism toward social media misinformation is driven by accuracy motivations, they are less likely to believe in congruent misinformation later encountered. They also consume more mainstream media, which in turn reinforces accuracy-motivated skepticism. In contrast, when skepticism toward social media misinformation is driven by identity motivations, people not only fall for congruent misinformation later encountered, but also disregard platform interventions that flag a post as false. Moreover, they are more likely to see social media misinformation as favoring opponents and intentionally avoid news on social media, both of which form a vicious cycle of fueling more identity-motivated skepticism.
Decision-making patterns among expert and novice orthodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons in the management of adults with Class III malocclusions and moderate degree of skeletal discrepancies
Authors: Voon Karen Kai Rou , Lim Asher Ah Tong , Wong Hung Chew , Sim Yu Fan , Foong Kelvin Weng Chiong
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To explore the decision-making patterns among expert and novice orthodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons in the management of adults with Class III malocclusions and moderate skeletal discrepancies.

Design:

Self-administered questionnaire survey.

Setting:

Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore and the University Dental Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.

Participants:

A total of 55 clinicians, comprising 13 expert orthodontists, 20 novice orthodontists, 10 expert oral maxillofacial surgeons and 12 novice oral maxillofacial surgeons.

Methods:

Clinicians assessed six adults with a Class III malocclusion and moderate skeletal discrepancy. They were asked to decide who could be managed exclusively by orthodontic camouflage, who would require combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery as the only viable treatment, or who could be offered both treatment options.

Results:

The study found variable decision-making patterns among the clinicians in each case. Only 18.2%–40.0% of clinicians agreed that the cases selected were of moderate skeletal discrepancies and could be offered both treatment options whereas the rest were either more inclined to recommend orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery. Intra-clinician agreement (n = 20) was only fair (Kappa value = 0.31). There was only slight inter-clinician agreement (n = 55) on their clinical decisions (Kappa value = 0.10). Clinical experience and dental specialty did not significantly influence clinicians’ decisions. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons were 1.98 times more likely to indicate orthognathic surgery as the only viable treatment compared to the orthodontists (95% confidence interval = 1.15–3.42).

Conclusion:

Variability in the patterns of decision-making for adults with a Class III malocclusion and moderate skeletal discrepancy was observed among the clinicians with low repeatability and agreement.
Financial relief after foreign divorces and competing public policies
Authors: Tan Ming Ren
Published: June 2023

Both Singapore and the United Kingdom have enacted similar legislation ( viz, Chapter 4A of the Women's Charter 1961 and Part III of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984, respectively) which provides the courts with the power to grant financial relief following foreign divorces. In its recent decision in VEW v VEV, the Singapore Court of Appeal considered whether an anti-suit injunction should be granted against an application for financial relief in the United Kingdom following a divorce in Singapore where an order for financial relief had already been made by the Singapore court. This note compares the approaches adopted by both jurisdictions and argues that the Singapore Court of Appeal's balancing exercise between competing public policies in VEW v VEV should be welcomed.
Fine art under low illuminance: Gamut and tint
Authors: Mundinger J , Houser K
Published: June 2023

Museum conservation guidelines restrict illuminance for sensitive artwork to levels that can cause objects to be perceived as less colourful, a phenomenon known as the Hunt effect. Previous colour rendering research identified red saturating gamuts that consistently increased perceived saturation and personal preference. A study was conducted to evaluate the visual experience of fine art illuminated by a red saturating gamut family constrained to be uniquely identified by their TM-30 gamut scores (denoted as [Formula: see text]) and position above or below the blackbody locus ( Duv). [Formula: see text] and Duv were systematically varied according to response surface methodology, designed to map second-order terms and interactions, with 96 ⩽ [Formula: see text] ⩽ 124 and −0.0212 ⩽  Duv ⩽ 0.0036, all at 3000 K and 50 lx. Thirty-one naïve participants each evaluated a pair of paintings in a mock art gallery under nine independently presented scenes along semantic scales corresponding to preference, saturation and naturalness. The study identified a response surface for preference that maps an interaction between [Formula: see text] and Duv, predicting Duv = −0.013 was preferred at [Formula: see text] and Duv = −0.005 was preferred at [Formula: see text]. Increasing [Formula: see text] consistently increased both personal preference and perceived saturation.
The street-jihadi spectrum: Marginality, radicalization, and resistance to extremism
Authors: Sandberg Sveinung , Tutenges Sébastien , Ilan Jonathan
Published: June 2023

For over a decade, jihadi terrorism in Europe, and the recruitment of Europeans to fight for ISIS in Syria, have increasingly involved marginalized youths from a social context of street culture, illegal drug use and crime. Existing theoretical models of the crime-terrorism nexus and radicalization arguably do not sufficiently explain the fluid and dynamic ways by which the street cultural come to be politico-religiously violent. This paper provides a novel retheorization, the street-jihadi spectrum, which is better placed to explain a wide range of behaviours, from the merely stylistic to the spectacularly violent. On the street culture end it includes subcultural play with provocative jihadi symbols and on the jihadi end the terrorism of ‘gangster-jihadists’. We emphasize that the spectrum, consisting of a multitude of confluences of street and jihadi cultures, also includes resistance to jihadism.
Childism and philosophy: A conceptual co-exploration
Authors: Biswas Tanu , Wall John , Warming Hanne , Zehavi Ohad , Kennedy David , Murris Karin , Kohan Walter , Saal Britta , Rollo Toby
Published: June 2023

This article is a conceptual co-exploration of the relationship between philosophy and childism. It draws upon a colloquium in December 2021 at the Childism Institute at Rutgers University. Nine co-authors lay out and interweave scholarly imaginations to collectively explore the concept of childism in critical philosophical depth. Through diverse entry points, the co-authors bring a wide range of theoretical perspectives to this task, some engaging the term childism explicitly in their work, others approaching it anew. The result is an extended conversation about the possibilities for deconstructing ingrained historical adultism and reconstructing social norms and structures in response to what is marginalized in the experiences of children. Our own conclusion, having initiated this dialogue, is that we have learned to think about childism with greater plurality, that is, as childisms.
Memes, National Identity and National Belonging: Visual “Nation-Talk” on Indian Social Media Pages
Authors: Neog Krishanu Bhargav
Published: June 2023

I collected data from political social media pages to show how memes serve as means to engage in heated “nation-talk.” Contending claims are made through memes on the identity of an “Indian” and on the sense of belonging to India. I collected memes over a period of twenty months from two overtly political Facebook pages with hundreds of thousands of followers. After multiple rounds of coding and filtering we arrived at a final sample of memes to be studied in depth. The memes, from opposing political sides, draw inter-textual component elements from the same popular culture, mythology etc. Through the repetition of specific components, slogans etc. these memes exclude certain claims of belonging to India while enforcing others. Key to this repetition are the circulatory dynamics of memes over digital networks, and their performative aspects. India’s history emerges as a significant battleground for these memes.
Disparities in Youth Arrest Across Racial and Ethnic Subgroups
Authors: Lehmann Peter S. , Meldrum Ryan C.
Published: June 2023

An extensive body of research suggests that youth of color are more likely to experience an arrest than their White counterparts. Theoretically, these findings have been understood, at least in part, as the result of the differential deployment of law enforcement to areas with higher Black and Hispanic concentrations as well as stereotyped attributions of dangerousness and threat implicitly assigned to these suspects by police before and during encounters. However, previous studies typically have employed conventional racial/ethnic categorizations, which might obscure potential nuances in arrest disparities across subgroups. Using data on a statewide representative sample of adolescents from the 2018 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey ( N = 54,611), these analyses reveal that the likelihood of a self-reported arrest is greatest among Haitian, West Indian/Caribbean, Dominican, and non-Hispanic Black youth. Further, Mexican and Puerto Rican adolescents have a higher risk of experiencing an arrest than members of other Hispanic subgroups.
Why and How to Define Educational Video Games?
Authors: Cole Caitlin , Parada Roberto H. , Mackenzie Erin
Published: June 2023

While the volume of education-based video game research has increased, the field has yet to settle on a consistent definition of educational video games (EVGs). Available definitions of video games do not account for the nuances of games used within education and have not been developed for that purpose. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that the lack of standardized definition is critically hampering a cohesive approach to research in this area. This article begins by reviewing the current scholarship on video game definitions and then suggests a definition for EVGs to improve research outcomes in the field. Given that the major potential of video game use in education is to improve learning, we advocate that educational research scholarship needs to develop a common foundational approach to defining EVG and associated educational technologies. We hope that this definition will advance the field by suggesting a common language and operationalization of EVGs.
Integration of multiple failure mechanisms in a life assessment method for centrifugal pump impellers
Authors: Silveira Nubia , Meghoe Annemieke , Tinga Tiedo
Published: June 2023

Methods in predictive maintenance are frequently confronted with limited applicability to realistic scenarios. The available approaches are often used for a single design, requiring an entirely new analysis for a slightly different case. A solution for this issue could be using a physical model. However, physical models focus on one unique failure mechanism, while, in a practical application, several mechanisms are typically active at the same instant. This work proposes and demonstrates a new methodology that combines different failure mechanism into an integrated life prediction model. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis is used to identify the different failure mechanisms that occur in a component simultaneously. Physical and empirical models are then analyzed and modified to be implemented in a realistic case of a centrifugal pump impeller applied in a maritime environment. As erosion, cavitation, and corrosion are the main failure mechanisms of an impeller, the combination of them quantifies the degradation increment during different types of pump operation. The proposed methodology is compared with traditional failure rate models and an established cavitation model that uses an aging factor to cover other failure mechanisms. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the proposed methodology is more sensitive and reliable in describing the degradation process for a wide range of operating conditions, since all the mechanisms are considered.
Design method for a bidirectional ducted tidal turbine based on conventional turbomachinery methods
Authors: Tsuru Wakana , Kinoue Yoichi , Murakami Tengen , Sakaguchi Masaki , Shiomi Norimasa , Takao Manabu
Published: June 2023

Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass. Furthermore, ocean energy is being rapidly harnessed worldwide. In this study, to establish a suitable design method for various bidirectional ducted tidal turbines, instead of using blade element momentum theory and CFD, which have been used previously, the method used for turbomachinery was used for designing the turbines. A bidirectional turbine optimises the equipment design and reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs. Using the turbine power as the design condition, the difference in the tangential velocity between the front and rear of the turbine was calculated using Euler’s equation, and the blade stagger angle was determined based on the potential flow theory. To incorporate the effect of duct geometry into this design method in the future, the effect on the internal flow of the duct was experimentally investigated using three ducts with different maximum cross-sectional areas. Performance tests showed that the duct geometry had a negligible effect on the flow rate through the turbine. Therefore, the larger the maximum diameter of the duct, the greater the flow rate into the outside of the duct. The pressure difference between front and rear of the turbine and the inflow energy into the duct were different due to the energy conversion as the flow turned outside of the duct. To improve the accuracy of the design method, the effect of flow at the duct inlet and the energy conversion should be incorporated, and a review of the estimation method for the axial velocity ratio and the selection method for the design representative value should be conducted.
Dissociations between data-driven and goal-driven effort reports: Performance, metacognition, and affect
Authors: Van Kessel Kate , Ashburner Michelle , Risko Evan F
Published: June 2023

Measuring effort has long been a challenge and this seems particularly true in the case of subjective effort. Koriat et al. compared two types of effort frames, what they call data-driven effort, the amount of effort perceived to be required by a task, and goal-driven effort, the amount of effort one chooses to invest in a task. This study investigates whether self-reports of data- and goal-driven effort are differentially associated with test performance, metacognition, and affect in a complex learning task. Results demonstrate that data- and goal-driven effort have qualitatively different relations with many of these variables. For example, partial correlations revealed data-driven effort was negatively associated with prospective and retrospective performance estimates, but the opposite pattern emerged for goal-driven effort. These results demonstrate that how subjective measures of effort are framed (and interpreted by the respondent) can drastically influence how they relate to other variables of interest.
Correspondence of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire with severity of median neuropathy
Authors: Teunis Teun , Domico Adam , Ring David , Fowler John
Published: June 2023

The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is one of the most popular patient-reported outcome measures designed specifically for people with idiopathic median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel. We used electrophysiological and ultrasound measures of median neuropathy from one hand in 185 people to create a single measure of median neuropathy severity as a continuum (through exploratory factor analysis). We assessed if our single measure of median neuropathy severity is independently associated with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire item groupings. Median neuropathy severity measured as a continuum had modest independent associations with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire magnitude of capability (adjusted R2 0.063) and paraesthesia intensity (adjusted R2 0.12) items but not with items related to pain intensity. Considering the lack of association of Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire pain items with objective pathophysiology, combined with their notable association with mental health measures in previous studies, it is probably best to omit items related to pain.

Level of evidence: III
Methoxy 13C NMR Chemical Shift as a Molecular Descriptor in the Structural Analysis of Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Agrawal Pawan K. , Blunden Gerald
Published: June 2023

The interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts plays an increasingly important role in the structure elucidation of flavonoids. Despite the fact that the 3H signal of the methoxy (OMe) group appears as a singlet in the 1H NMR spectrum, its chemical shift is not reliably indicative of the OMe-substitution in the aromatic rings, unlike its 13C NMR chemical shift, which can be useful for the determination of the molecular structure of flavonoids. For example, the chemical shift of ortho-substitutions is at 56 ± 1 ppm for flavonoids having one OMe-substituent in either the ortho or orthó position and 61.5 ± 2 ppm for those having substituents in both ortho positions. The nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy ( δH-OMe→ ortho-aryl-H or adjacent substituent) and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation ( δH-OMe→ ipso-aryl-C) data have been widely employed for the structure analysis of flavonoids and to identify the site of OMe-substitution. Thus, OMe chemical shifts can act as molecular descriptors. However, we have noticed that there are several examples that are not in accordance with this generalization, and a reinvestigation of such reported data seems to be relevant for reconsideration of assigned structures, and a few examples are cited herein.
Translating Transformational Leadership and Organizational Innovativeness Into Creative Customer Behavior: Underlying Processes and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Gong Taeshik , Nanu Luana , Le Linh Ha , Ali Faizan
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the mediating roles of customer engagement and customer depletion as well as the moderating role of an innovative climate on the relationship between organizational innovativeness generated from transformational leadership and creative customer behavior in the hospitality industry. A multilevel path analysis is conducted using a data set comprising 62 managers, 269 employees, and 681 customers from a South Korean restaurant chain. The findings show that transformational leadership in restaurants increases organizational innovativeness, which indirectly influences creative customer behavior through customer engagement and depletion. An innovative climate also moderates these causal relationships. This study integrates the service-dominant logic framework into research on innovation and creativity to better understand the role and impact of customers in cultivating innovation and creativity.
Increasing advance care planning referrals for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the emergency department
Authors: Johari Nur Aniza , Zakaria Nur Diana , Tan Lay Hong , Ho Shu Fang
Published: June 2023

In Singapore General Hospital (SGH), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are referred for advance care planning (ACP) at the specialist outpatient clinics with about 50 cases referred a year and a completion rate of 10%. One of the commonly cited reasons by patients is that they are feeling well currently and do not need to talk about ACP at that moment. The Emergency Department (ED) saw about 240 COPD patients of P2 or P3 acuity yearly and might be a strategic place for ACP advocacy to take place for COPD patients who are triaged as P2 or P3 acuity. While the memory of the recent exacerbation remains fresh, it could be an opportune moment to start an ACP conversation with such patients in the ED. A quality improvement project (QIP) led by both ED nurses and doctors was executed to increase the number of ACP referrals for COPD patients from the ED. A total of 16 COPD ACP referrals were made, up from the previous baseline of zero. Of note, two of the 16 referrals (12.5%) completed the ACP process. Four more (25%) are still in midst of ACP completion at time of project conclusion.
Israel's first national remote cardiac rehabilitation program: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Nabutovsky Irene , Breitner Daniel , Heller Alexis , Moreno Merav , Levine Yoav , Klempfner Yarin , Scheinowitz Mickey , Klempfner Robert
Published: June 2023

Aims

Cardiac rehabilitation is an essential component of secondary prevention consistently unexploited by most eligible patients. Accordingly, the remote cardiac rehabilitation program (RCRP) was developed to create optimal conditions for remote instruction and supervision for patients to enable successful completion of the program.

Methods

This study comprised 306 patients with established coronary heart disease who underwent a 6-month RCRP. RCRP involves regular exercise, monitored by a smartwatch that relays data to the operations center and a mobile application on the patient's smartphone. A stress test was performed immediately before the RCRP and repeated after 3 months. The aims were to determine the effectiveness of the RCRP in improving aerobic capacity, and correlating the program goals and first-month activity, with attaining program goals during the last month.

Results

Participants were mostly male (81.5%), aged 58 ± 11, enrolled in the main after a myocardial infarction or coronary interventions. Patients exercised aerobically for 183 min each week, 101 min (55% of total exercise) at the target heart rate. There was a significant improvement in exercise capacity, assessed by stress tests, metabolic equivalents which increased from 9.5 ± 3 to 11.4 ± 7(p < 0.001). Independent predictors of RCRP goals were older age and more minutes of aerobic exercise during the first program month (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Participants succeeded in performing guideline recommendations, resulting in a significant improvement in exercise capacity. Older age and increased volume of first month of exercise were significant factors associated with a greater likelihood to attain program goals.
Feasibility, performance and acceptability of an innovative vital signs monitor for sick newborns in Western Kenya: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Nantume Assumpta , Oketch Bertha Akinyi , Otiangala Dickson , Shah Sona , Cauvel Teresa , Nyumbile Boniface , Olayo Bernard
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 99% of the global neonatal mortality. Limited access to advanced technology, such as bedside patient monitors contributes to disproportionately poor outcomes for critically ill newborns in LMICs. We designed a study to assess the feasibility, performance, and acceptability of a low-cost wireless wearable technology for continuous monitoring of sick newborns in resource-limited settings.

Methods

This was a mixed-methods implementation study conducted between March and April 2021 at two health facilities in Western Kenya. Inclusion criteria for newborns monitored included: age 0 to 28 days, birthweight ≥2.0 kg, low-to-moderate severity of illness at admission and the guardian's willingness to provide informed consent. Medical staff who participated in monitoring the newborns were surveyed about their experience with the technology. We used descriptive statistics to summarize our quantitative findings and qualitative data was coded and analyzed as an iterative process to summarize quotes on user acceptability.

Results

The results of the study demonstrated that adoption of neoGuard was feasible and acceptable in this setting. Medical staff described the technology as safe, user-friendly and efficient, after successfully monitoring 134 newborns. Despite the positive user experience, we did observe some notable technology performance issues such as a high percentage of missing vital signs data.

Conclusion

The results of this study were critical in informing the iterative process of refining and validating an innovative vital signs monitor for patients in resource-limited settings. Further research and development are underway to optimize neoGuard's performance and to examine its clinical impact and cost effectiveness.
Research on a real-time dynamic monitoring method for silent aspiration after stroke based on semisupervised deep learning: A protocol study
Authors: Qiao Jia , Jiang Yuan-tong , Dai Yong , Gong Yan-bin , Dai Meng , Liu Yan-xia , Dou Zu-lin
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aims to establish a real-time dynamic monitoring system for silent aspiration (SA) to provide evidence for the early diagnosis of and precise intervention for SA after stroke.

Methods

Multisource signals, including sound, nasal airflow, electromyographic, pressure and acceleration signals, will be obtained by multisource sensors during swallowing events. The extracted signals will be labeled according to videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) and input into a special dataset. Then, a real-time dynamic monitoring model for SA will be built and trained based on semisupervised deep learning. Model optimization will be performed based on the mapping relationship between multisource signals and insula-centered cerebral cortex–brainstem functional connectivity through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, a real-time dynamic monitoring system for SA will be established, of which the sensitivity and specificity will be improved by clinical application.

Results

Multisource signals will be stably extracted by multisource sensors. Data from a total of 3200 swallows will be obtained from patients with SA, including 1200 labeled swallows from the nonaspiration category from VFSSs and 2000 unlabeled swallows. A significant difference in the multisource signals is expected to be found between the SA and nonaspiration groups. The features of labeled and pseudolabeled multisource signals will be extracted through semisupervised deep learning to establish a dynamic monitoring model for SA. Moreover, strong correlations are expected to be found between the Granger causality analysis (GCA) value (from the left middle frontal gyrus to the right anterior insula) and the laryngeal rise time (LRT). Finally, a dynamic monitoring system will be established based on the former model, by which SA can be identified precisely.

Conclusion

The study will establish a real-time dynamic monitoring system for SA with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and F1 score.
Effects of electronic personal health information technology on American women's cancer screening behaviors mediated through cancer worry: Differences and similarities between 2017 and 2020
Authors: Liu Piper Liping , Ye Jizhou Francis , Ao Harris Song , Sun Shuxin , Zheng Yu , Li Qingrui , Feng Guangchao Charles , Wang Haiyan , Zhao Xinshu
Published: June 2023

Backgrounds

Thanks to their accessibility and low cost, electronic personal health information (ePHI) technologies have been widely used to facilitate patient–physician communication and promote health prevention behaviors (e.g. cancer screening). Despite that empirical evidence has supported the association between ePHI technology use and cancer screening behaviors, the underlying mechanism through which ePHI technology use influences cancer screening behaviors remains a topic of discussion.

Objective

This study investigates the relationship between ePHI technology uses and cancer screening behaviors of American women and examines the mediating role of cancer worry.

Methods

Data for this study were from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) collected in 2017 (HINTS 5 Cycle 1) and 2020 (HINTS 5 Cycle 4). The final sample included 1914 female respondents in HINTS 5 Cycle 1 and 2204 in HINTS 5 Cycle 4. Mann–Whitney U test, two-sample t-test, and mediation analysis were performed. We also referred to the regression coefficients generated by min–max normalization as percentage coefficients ( bp) for the comparison.

Results

This study reports increased usage of ePHI technologies (from 1.41 in 2017 to 2.19 to 2020), increased cancer worry (from 2.60 in 2017 to 2.84 in 2020), and a stable level of cancer screening behaviors (from 1.44 in 2017 to 1.34 in 2020) among American women. Cancer worry was found to mediate the ePHI effect on cancer screening behaviors ( bp = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [0.001, 0.010]) in a positive complementary mediation in 2020.

Conclusions

The research findings support a positive association between ePHI technology use and cancer screening behaviors, and cancer worry has been identified as a salient mediator. An understanding of the mechanism that prompts US women's cancer screening practices provides practical implications for health campaign practitioners.
Perks of the Pandemic?: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Socially Withdrawn Emerging Adults
Authors: Millett Mallory A. , Nelson Larry J. , Burk William J. , van den Berg Yvonne H. M.
Published: June 2023

Emerging adults were among those especially affected by the distancing measures and instability brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, not all emerging adults were affected equally. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to determine if different types of socially withdrawn emerging adults (shy, unsocial, avoidant, mixed-withdrawn) were affected differently from one another and from non-withdrawn emerging adults. Pandemic impact was measured in terms of changes in mental distress, life satisfaction, and identity development from before the pandemic to during the pandemic. Participants were 1249 emerging adults from project READY, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of young adults in the United States. Results showed that mixed-withdrawn emerging adults decreased in mental distress from before the pandemic to during the pandemic while non-withdrawn emerging adults increased in mental distress. Additionally, there was a decrease in life satisfaction across groups, and no significant change in identity development across time.