bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rebuilding Peripheral F, Cl, Br Footprints on Acceptors Enables Binary Organic Photovoltaic Efficiency Exceeding 19.7 %
Authors: Cao Xiangjian , Wang Peiran , Jia Xinyuan , Zhao Wenkai , Chen Hongbin , Xiao Zheng , Li Jiaqi , Bi Xingqi , Yao Zhaoyang , Guo Yaxiao , Long Guankui , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

Given homomorphic fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br) atoms are featured with gradually enlarged polarizability/atomic radius but decreased electronegativity, the rational screen of halogen species and locations on small molecular acceptors (SMAs) is quite essential for acquiring desirable molecular packing to boost efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three isomeric SMAs (CH−F, CH−C and CH−B) are constructed by delicately rebuilding peripheral F, Cl, Br footprints on both central and end units. Such a re‐permutation of peripheral halogens could not only maintain the structural symmetry of SMAs to the maximum, but also acquire extra asymmetric benefits of enhanced dipole moment and intramolecular charge transfer, etc. Moreover, central brominating enhances molecular crystallinity of CH−B without introducing undesirable steric hindrance on end groups, thus rendering a better balance between high crystallization and domain size control in PM6:CH−B blend. Further benefitting from the large dielectric constant, small exciton binding energy, optimized molecular packing and great electron transfer integral, CH−B affords the first class binary OSC efficiency of 19.78 %, moreover, the highest efficiency of 18.35 % thus far when increasing active layer thickness to ~300 nm. Our successful screening in rebuilding peripheral halogen footprints provides the valuable insight into further rational design of SMAs for record‐breaking OSCs.
Design of cellulose nanocrystal‐integrated poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethylene glycol electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for biomedical applications
Authors: Nasalapure Anand V. , Pattadkal Shrishail , Ghatti Vanita , Chapi Sharanappa , Kumarswamy Yogesh Kumar , Kasai Deepak R. , Chalannavar Raju K.
Published: November 2024

The present study aims to fabricate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) doped poly(vinyl alcohol) polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) nanocomposite films for biomedical applications. The nanocomposite films were prepared by using electrospinning techniques with varying percentages of CNCs (10% and 20%) mixed with PVA and PEG (50:50). The properties of the produced nanocomposites were evaluated using a battery of tests. The results of surface morphology and structural miscibility obtained from field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transformer infra‐red studies revealed appreciable compatibility among the three components (CNCs, PVA, and PEG). FE‐SEM micrographs revealed that the nanomaterials underwent a dramatic transition from discontinuous to continuous fibers, with interconnected or network‐like fibers. The constructed scaffold material's stability went up from three to four phases, according to thermal and degradation experiments. In addition, research on biodegradation and water absorption found that CNCs outperformed pure PVA and PVA/PEG in terms of swelling percentage time and enzyme degradation rate. The hemolysis assay of the PVA/PEG/CNC scaffold showed good compatibility (below 5%) and according to the MTT assay, both NIH 3T3 and L929 cells survived well, indicating that the CNCs could serve as a useful scaffold for tissue engineering applications such skin tissue regeneration. In sum, the findings proved that biological domains including tissue engineering and wound healing can benefit from produced nanofiber scaffolds.
A new green rigid polyurethane foam based on modified palm oil: Preliminary study of their potential for marine buoy applications
Authors: Sukhawipat Nathapong , Kongprabat Thansiri , Uthaipan Nattapon , Saetung Anuwat , Saetung Nitinart
Published: November 2024

This study demonstrates a new green rigid polyurethane (PU) based on modified palm oil (MPO) for marine buoy applications. The bio‐polyol based on palm oil was synthesized using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The foam formation was by kinetic foaming reaction. The MPO‐based PU foams made with increased water content had closed cells that grew larger with water content to provide a low‐density foam. The resistance to flammability of PU foam was improved by adding triphenyl phosphate (TPP). The PU foam with increased TPP content had enlarged cells, increased water absorption and decreased compressive strength. In addition, carbon black (CB)‐containing foam had uniform, large foam cells, comparatively high density, higher compressive strength, and low water absorption. Moreover, a high CB content gave shorter extinguishing time for PU foam. The PU foams were investigated for buoyancy and compared with a commercial PU foam buoy. The commercial buoy had lower density, providing better‐floating performance than PU foam. Interestingly, CB_8 had an elevated density, but low water absorption rate, similar to the commercial buoy PU foam. The investigations showed that the PU foam from MPO is eco‐friendly, and the buoyancy performance of that foam is improved on adding TPP or CB.
A Hemicyanine‐Based Highly Sensitive and Selective Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Fe3+ in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ye Jia‐Hai , Zhang Yingming , Zhu Qiang , Chang Zhijian , He Weijiang
Published: November 2024

Ferric ion is widely distributed in human cells and an important component of hemoglobin, which can promote the transportation of blood in the human body. Its ability to bind with oxygen is essential for participating in oxidation reactions and enzymatic reactions. Deficiency of iron (III) and excessive accumulation of iron in the blood can cause many health problems in the body, such as anemia, loss of appetite, fibrosis, reduced work routines, and decreased immunity. As a fluorescent dye, cyanine has the advantages of high fluorescence quantum yield, good optical and chemical stability, excitation and emission wavelengths in the near‐infrared region, high molar extinction coefficient, and small influence on pH variation. It is a fluorescent dye that modern scholars choose more. A new near‐IR hemicyanine derivative bearing 1,3‐dithiane moiety was developed as an efficient fluorescence probe 1 for the detection of Fe3+ in aqueous medium (THF/H2O, 1:1, v:v). This near‐IR fluorescence probe 1 exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe3+ sensing with detection limit of 0.5 μM under lager scope of pH value (pH = 2–12).
Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of intestinal and extra‐intestinal diseases: Mechanism basis, clinical application, and potential prospect
Authors: Yi Dongxin , Li Tao , Xiao Yuji , Zhang Xue , Hao Qiangqiang , Zhang Feng , Qiu Tianming , Yang Guang , Sun Xiance , Dong Ying , Wang Ningning
Published: November 2024

To review the theoretical basis and therapeutic effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in various diseases in animal experiments and clinical studies, as well as the limitations and current standards of FMT application. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published only in English between 1975 and 2023 on reliable results of animal experiments and clinical treatment of FMT. The properties of the gut microbiota and its interactions with the host metabolism are critical to human health, and microbiome disturbance is closely associated with human intestinal and extra‐intestinal diseases. Therefore, therapeutic tools targeting on the modulation of gut microbiota have attracted increasing attention, among which FMT represents the most widely studied intervention strategy. This review gathered and summarized application of FMT in intestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, hypertension, cancer, nervous system diseases and arthritis, and elaborated the beneficial effects that can be achieved by altering the microbiota with FMT and the mechanisms of action. In addition, the potential risks and side effects of FMT approach are discussed, as well as current efforts to standardize the development of FMT. Through a systemic review of the outcome and mechanism of FMT in the treatment of intestinal diseases and extra‐intestinal diseases, we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an optimized FMT framework, so as to better exert its application prospects.
Impact of deep eutectic solvent deamidation on the solubility and conformation of rice dreg protein isolate
Authors: Shahid Asifa , Haq Muhammad Abdul , Hussain Naveed , Nawaz Haq , Xu Jiaxing
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Rice dreg protein isolate (RDPI) is identified as a sustainable protein source with promising applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its utility is limited by poor solubility and restricted conformational stability. The objective of this study is to explore how natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) deamidation can enhance the solubility and structural properties of RDPI, making it more suitable for various applications.

Findings

The study employed a two‐step process to obtain RDPI via isoelectric precipitation, followed by deamidation using an NADES made from glucose and citric acid. The deamidation process significantly improved RDPI's solubility, which enhanced its dispersibility in aqueous systems. Additionally, deamidated RDPI exhibited enhanced foaming and emulsion capacities, indicating improved functional properties due to increased structural flexibility.

Conclusions

The deamidation of RDPI using NADES effectively enhances both its solubility and functional properties, making it a more versatile ingredient for food and pharmaceutical applications. The improved structural flexibility achieved through deamidation is key to these enhancements.

Significance and Novelty

This research introduces NADES deamidation as a promising, sustainable approach for improving the solubility, conformational properties, and functional performance of RDPI. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of protein‐based ingredients with enhanced functionality, broadening their application potential in various industries.
Dodecylamine‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Ultrafine IrRu Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Li , Ma Mengyuan , Liu Hui , Chen Dong , Xu Lin , Tian Shaonan , Yan Mei , Yang Jun
Published: November 2024

Ruthenium (Ru)‐ and iridium (Ir)‐based nanomaterials have always been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic electrolytes. Herein, we develop a facile dodecylamine‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis for producing carbon‐supported IrRu alloy nanoparticles with controllable Ir/Ru ratios and ultrafine sizes towards high‐efficiency OER and overall water electrolysis. In this strategy, the dodecylamine that serves as a capping and reducing agent enables the final IrRu alloy nanoparticles to possess average sizes <3 nm and high degree of dispersion on carbon substrate. By combining high OER activity of Ru with high acidic robustness of Ir, the as‐prepared IrRu/C nanoparticles at a suitable Ir/Ru ratio of 1/3 show good activity and durability for the OER electrocatalysis and overall water splitting. In specific, the Ir1Ru3/C catalyst exhibits the lowest overpotential of 302 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and the highest mass activity of 120.5 mA mg−1 at 1.532 V for OER in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. In addition, a two‐electrode acidic electrolyzer assembled with Ir1Ru3/C at anode and commercial Pt/C at cathode (Pt/C|| Ir1Ru3/C) exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.44 V for achieving the current density of 10 mA cm−2, along with a satisfied 20h durability.
A critical review of life cycle assessment and environmental impact of the well drilling process
Authors: Ghasemi Kamand , Akbari Ali , Jahani Shahriar , Kazemzadeh Yousef
Published: November 2024

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a robust tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of products, processes, and systems throughout their entire life cycle. This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the potential of LCA in drilling methods. The growing emphasis on sustainable and environmentally responsible drilling practices is becoming a critical concern in the drilling industry. As demand for natural resources continues to rise, the need for accurate assessments of the environmental impacts associated with various drilling methods becomes increasingly essential. LCA offers a holistic perspective on all key stages of the drilling industry, providing reliable data and serving as a valuable resource for informed decision‐making aimed at promoting sustainable and optimized drilling techniques. This article delves into the challenges and complexities surrounding LCA evaluations in the context of drilling operations. It underscores the importance of LCA in enhancing the management of drilling cuttings, waste, and surplus materials generated during drilling activities, as well as the effective handling of drilling mud. Additionally, it highlights the critical issue of groundwater contamination resulting from drilling operations. By presenting a holistic view of the life cycle of drilling products and processes, the article offers practical insights into improving and optimizing drilling techniques and waste management strategies. Moreover, the article examines the challenges and potential solutions associated with implementing LCA in these areas. It aims to support responsible and informed decision‐making, ultimately leading to improved drilling performance and enhanced environmental management.
Sexual dysfunction among long‐term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hanzlik Emily , Sabin Noah D. , Yoshida Tomoko , Delaney Angela , Xie Lu , Darji Himani , Srivastava Deokumar , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. , Khan Raja B.
Published: November 2024

Background

Survival rates from childhood cancer continue to increase, with an ongoing interest in long‐term survivorship. Although infertility and gonadal failure are well recognized in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors, sexual dysfunction is less studied. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in HL survivors with that in matched community controls.

Methods

Long‐term survivors of HL (n = 186; female, 51.61%; mean age at diagnosis. 14.41 years [range, 3.01–22.60 years]; current mean ± standard deviation age, 36.73 ± 7.93 years) and matched community controls (n = 182; female, 50.55%; mean ± standard deviation age, 36.41 ± 9.02 years) completed a comprehensive, in‐person clinical assessment, laboratory battery, and the International Index of Erectile Function or the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire.

Results

Male survivors had increased levels of erectile dysfunction (18.89% vs. 6.67%; p = .0239) but indicated no difference in sexual desire. Female survivors had a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction compared with female controls (46.88% vs. 15.22%; p < .0001) and an increased prevalence of moderate‐to‐severe loss of sexual desire (38.04% vs. 23.26%; p = .0361). Female survivors with sexual dysfunction indicated increased levels of anxiety (p = .0184), depression (p = .0153), and worse physical and mental health (p = .0141 and p = .0419, respectively). Male survivors with erectile dysfunction had higher rates of anxiety and impaired physical health (p = .0147 and p = .0266, respectively).

Conclusions

Sexual dysfunction was prevalent in this childhood and adolescent Hodgkin lymphoma survivor cohort and was associated with effects on quality of life. Health care providers must recognize the need for screening and intervention in this group to hopefully contribute to improved overall quality of life.
How certified benefit corporations contribute to corporate social responsibility disclosure: Empirical evidence from Italy
Authors: De Luca Roberto , Sessa Maria Rosaria , Esposito Benedetta , Malandrino Ornella
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the extent to which Italian Benefit Corporations which have achieved B‐Corp Certification disclose Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices through their corporate websites, thus developing a disclosure index. The research also aims to analyse the correlation between the size of companies, non‐financial performance, financial results and CSR actions. Stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory were used to provide a theoretical explanation of the potential relationship among the investigated variables. Our findings reveal a positive association between firm size and CSR disclosure, while the impact of financial performance is positive but not statistically significant. Moreover, non‐financial performance significantly influences CSR disclosure levels. These results can guide companies in enhancing CSR disclosure to bolster stakeholder legitimacy and competitive advantage in sustainability‐aware markets. Notably, this study represents a novel examination of online CSR disclosure among Certified Benefit Corporations, filling a gap in the existing literature.
Intermolecular Carbanion Attack on Nitro vs. Carbonyl Group: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Biró Krisztián , Nyerges Miklós , Pápai Imre , Csókás Dániel
Published: November 2024

Highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of a series of indeno[2,1‐b]quinolin‐6‐ones 10 and indolo[1,2‐b]isoquinoline‐6,12‐diones 12 is portrayed from easily accessible starting materials such as indan‐1‐ones 7 and 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes 9. The reaction mechanism studies by control experiments and computational analysis reveal that the reactions are initiated by attack of a conjugate base of indanones 7 to the aldehyde group or the adjacent nitro group of 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes 9 followed by intramolecular cyclization involving a second anion to furnish the appropriate products. The heterocyclic compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields.
Model‐Based Exploration of Web Guiding Behavior for a Novel Battery Cell Stacking Process
Authors: Husseini Kamal , Gupta Vishal , Schabel Sebastian , Fleischer Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Innovative production processes are required to meet the rapidly growing demand for batteries and the associated material trends. In particular, the process step of stack assembly using new machine concepts promises a high potential for optimization. However, these concepts are untested in practice. The use of digital models makes it possible to develop corresponding optimization approaches. This article presents the development of a model for the web guiding systems of electrodes and its integration into an overall machine model for a novel machine concept. Finally, optimization approaches are identified by determining appropriate controller parameters for the web guiding systems.
Examining the Effect of Parental COVID‐19 Vaccination Prior to Birth and the Association Between COVID‐19 and Cancer in Children Under Six
Authors: Behnaz Aflatoonian , Hossein Mirzaei , Morteza Hashemian , Hassanidarmian Gholamreza , Susefidi Zahra Mirzayi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The biology of COVID‐19 has intricate links to childhood cancer, exacerbated by pandemic disturbances. This research aims to explore the association between childhood cancer in children under 6 years old and COVID‐19 immunisation, in addition to the effects of vaccination on parents before delivery.

Method

The study employs a case‐control approach, gathering informed consent and matching factors like age, marital status, and socioeconomic status between cases and controls. A survey was distributed, culminating in 191 children under six, with data from 136 diagnosed cancer cases collected in 2023, adhering to methodological standards in epidemiological research. The analysis utilised SPSS28, employing chi‐square testing and logistic regression.

Result

Chi‐square testing confirmed a significant rise in childhood cancer rates post‐COVID‐19 pandemic compared to pre‐pandemic rates. Key factors influencing cancer incidence include the mother's age at childbirth, parental vaccination history before pregnancy, maternal vaccination details during pregnancy, the child's COVID‐19 infection status, and maternal marriage age. Notably, younger mothers faced higher COVID‐19 infection risks, but vaccination appears to mitigate paediatric cancer risk.

Conclusion

The post‐pandemic surge in childhood cancer underscores a complex interplay of early exposures and maternal viral infections. Emphasising vaccination's protective effects before and during pregnancy, the study advocates integrating vaccination into maternal health programs. Public health measures should promote immunisation and address socioeconomic inequalities to lower paediatric cancer risk, aligning with previous studies linking parental health behaviours to childhood cancer incidence.
The Domestic Transition: Progress Towards Decent Living of Households in Low and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Schilpzand Rutger , Smits Jeroen
Published: November 2024

Over the past decades, households have gradually increased their ownership of goods that make life easier and more comfortable, such as furniture, TVs, kitchen supplies, phones, (motor)bikes, and cars. We refer to this development, in which households move from having few durable assets to having many, as the domestic transition. In this study, we argue that this transition reflects the rise towards what could be called a decent standard of living. While this standard has been reached decades ago in affluent societies, the domestic transition has hardly started in the poorest countries. The current paper aims to assess the status of the domestic transition at the level of subnational regions within low‐ and middle‐income countries and to examine how variations in its pace relate to these regions' socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics. Our analyses reveal that the domestic transition in these regions follows an S‐shaped curve and that the speed of the transition is faster in wealthier, more educated, and urbanised regions with smaller dependent populations.
CD1530, selective RARγ agonist, facilitates Achilles tendon healing by modulating the healing environment including less chondrification in a mouse model
Authors: Yimiti Dilimulati , Uchibe Kenta , Toriyama Minoru , Hayashi Yuta , Ikuta Yasunari , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Akiyama Haruhiko , Watanabe Hitomi , Kondoh Gen , Takimoto Aki , Shukunami Chisa , Adachi Nobuo , Miyaki Shigeru
Published: November 2024

Heterotopic ossification (HO) in Achilles tendon often arises due to endochondral ossification during the healing process following trauma. Retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ) plays a critical role in this phenomenon. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects of CD1530, an RARγ selective agonist, along with the contributing cells, in Achilles tendon healing, utilizing a cell lineage tracing system. Local injection of CD1530 facilitated histological tendon healing by inhibiting chondrification in a mouse Achilles rupture model. Resident Scleraxis (Scx)+ cells in Achilles tendon were not found to be actively involved in HO or　tendon healing following injury. Instead, these processes were primarily driven by tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPC)‐like cells. Furthermore, an in vitro assay revealed that CD1530 attenuated inflammation in injured Achilles tendon‐derived tendon fibroblasts (iATF) and inhibited the chondrogenesis of iATF. This dual effect suggests the potential of CD1530 in effectively modulating the healing environment during tendon healing. Together, the present study demonstrated that the local administration of CD1530 accelerated tendon healing by modulating the healing environment, including reducing chondrification via targeting TSPC‐like cells in a mouse Achilles tendon rupture model. These results suggest that CD1530 may have the potential to be a novel tendon therapy that offers benefits via the inhibition of chondrogenesis.
Differentiating Closely Resembling Fetal Aortic Arch Abnormalities Using Conventional and Four‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Karmegaraj Balaganesh , Vijayakumar Sowmya
Published: November 2024

Double aortic arch with an atretic left aortic arch can resemble like a right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery or a right aortic arch with mirror image branching. Differentiating these closely resembling fetal aortic arch abnormalities is important for proper prenatal counselling and immediate neonatal evaluation. In this pictorial essay, we describe these three cases and its typical imaging features using conventional and four‐dimensional echocardiography.
High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging With 0D Organic–Metal Halide Scintillator Featuring Reversed Exciton Trapping
Authors: Qian Rui‐Xuan , Lu Jian , Cui Meng , Wang Shuai‐Hua , Wang Peng‐Kun , Li Bao‐Yi , Zheng Fa‐Kun , Guo Guo‐Cong
Published: November 2024

Scintillators, essential for applications in nuclear medicine, radiation detection, and industrial inspection, convert high‐energy radiation into visible light. Manganese (Mn)‐based inorganic–organic hybrid materials are distinguished by their thermal stability, mechanical strength, and flexibility. However, the effects of temperature on Mn(II)‐based hybrid scintillators have not been clearly analyzed, making the elucidation of their temperature‐dependent luminescence mechanisms particularly important. A notable advancement is the synthesis of Mn‐1 nanocrystals (NCs) using methyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (mtppCl) and MnCl₂. These NCs exhibit distinctive temperature‐dependent photoluminescence luminescence: the intensity decreases from 77 to 150 K but paradoxically increases at higher temperatures due to anomalous thermal exciton behavior in the [MnCl₄]2⁻ tetrahedra. Besides, Mn‐1 NCs achieve a detection limit of 1.01 µGyair/s, surpassing medical diagnostic standards and outperforming commercial scintillators such as Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO). Additionally, they show exceptional stability under continuous irradiation and can be incorporated into a flexible scintillating film with a resolution of 11.3 lp/mm at an MTF of 0.2. The current study has further refined the luminescence mechanism of Mn(II)‐based materials and optimizes their properties for a wider range of applications.
In Situ Forming Injectable Gelatin‐Based Antibacterial Bioadhesives for Preventing Postoperative Leakage and Abdominal Adhesions
Authors: Hu Shibo , Duan Wanglin , Jin Xianzhen , Li Chaowei , Zhu Bin , Chen Yurong , Zhu Ye , Cao Peihai , Dong Zepeng , Feng Luyao , Yu Junhui , Sun Xuejun , Mahmood Zeshaan Yahaya Haji , Bu Yazhong , Du Baoji , Zheng Jianbao
Published: November 2024

Postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) and abdominal adhesions are two major complications after intestinal surgery, with an incidence of 2–25% for AL and 93% for adhesion. Until now, there is no method addressing AL and abdominal adhesions simultaneously. In this work, Bi‐PEG–succinimidyl succinate (PEG‐NHS), amino‐gelatin (Agel) is combined with cefoperazone‐sulbactam (SCF) to prepare a multifunctional bioadhesive (SCF/SEAgel) for the postoperative leakage and adhesion prevention. SCF/SEAgel possesses a great sealing capability for tissue, with a bursting pressure of 54 kPa. The loaded SCF endows the systems with good antibacterial properties. The in vivo antiadhesion experiments show that SCF/SEAgel possesses better anti‐adhesion properties than the commercially used sodium hyaluronate gel. In the cecum leakage model, the SCF/SEAgel effectively seals the leakage with a survival rate of 100%, superior to commercial products (Sainaoning). Meanwhile, it significantly reduces tissue adhesion. Finally, the laparoscopic surgery with dogs shows that the SCF/SEAgel can be injected through minimally invasive surgery, demonstrating its ease of use. Combined with its great biocompatibility, SCF/SEAgel is very promising in intestinal surgery.
Fast Dissolution of Chitin in Amino Acids Based Deep Eutectic Solvents Under the Assistance of Microwave
Authors: Wang Jiake , Qin Chao , Xu Bingxia , Yan Lifeng
Published: November 2024

Due to the abundant hydrogen bond networks, high crystallinity, and high molecular weight of chitin, it is difficult to dissolve chitin in most solvents. Meanwhile, most of the existing solvent systems have the disadvantages of high toxicity, low solubility, and high cost. Therefore, the efficient and rapid dissolution of chitin using green solvents is urgently needed. In this work, ternary DES with amino acids, urea, and 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) is prepared at first. Then chitin can be dissolved fastly with the assistance of a microwave. Compared with the conventional heating process (110 °C, 6–8 h), the microwave process can be shortened to only 3–10 min. The successful dissolution of chitin is verified by means of fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), rheology studies, and optical light microscope, and the dissolution mechanism contributed to the synergistic destroying of the hydrogen bond networks of chitin by amino acids and DBU. The DES solvent can be well recovered with the remaining of its dissolving ability to chitin.
Investigating the dynamics of generalized discrete logistic map
Authors: Hamada M. Y.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, conventional logistic maps have been applied across various fields including modeling and security, owing to their versatility and utility. However, their reliance on a single modifiable parameter limits their adaptability. This paper aims to explore generalized logistic maps with arbitrary powers, which offer greater flexibility compared to the standard logistic map. By introducing additional parameters in the form of arbitrary powers, these maps exhibit increased degrees of freedom, thus expanding their applicability across a wider spectrum of scenarios. Consequently, the conventional logistic map emerges as a specific instance within the proposed framework. The inclusion of arbitrary powers enriches system dynamics, enabling a more nuanced exploration of system behavior in diverse contexts. Through a series of illustrations, this study investigates the influence of arbitrary powers and equation parameters on equilibrium points, their positions, stability conditions, basin of attraction, and bifurcation diagrams, including the emergence of chaotic behavior.
Online Game Supply Chain Coopetition With Product Substitution
Authors: Hu Benyong , Zhang Yanqiu , Chen Xu , Meng Chao
Published: November 2024

This study examines the coopetition decision‐making in an online game supply chain involving two online game development enterprises (the developers) and one online game sales platform (the platform). In supply chain cooperation, competing developers can cooperate with the platform either separately or collectively. In contrast to previous studies, this study not only examines online games, with their unique cost structures, but also innovatively uses product quality as a decision variable in the characterization of product demand. It begins by constructing decision‐making models that reflect three different coopetition situations among enterprises in the online game supply chain: a competition model, a separate bargaining model, and a collective bargaining model. Equilibrium analysis of the decision‐making models is then used to obtain the enterprises' optimal coopetition strategies, and to reveal how these strategies depend on product substitutability and bargaining power. Finally, a comparative analysis of the coopetition models is used to identify the optimal coopetition strategy in the online game supply chain and reveal this strategy's dependence on product substitutability, bargaining power, and internal operating capabilities. These findings provide strategic guidance for enterprises in the online game supply chain about how to pursue coopetition within various business environments.
Preparation of phosphorous ionic liquids and its effect on the properties of ABS
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Long Jiapeng , Liang Bing
Published: November 2024

To improve the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of graphene‐acrylonitrile butadiene‐styrene plastic (ABS) composite, sub‐phosphite‐based ionic liquid (IL) was synthesized, and its structure was characterized by FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. IL was as a modifier, and graphite powder (G powder) was modified by the ball milling method to obtain functional graphene thermal conductive filler (G‐IL). The structure and morphology of G‐IL were characterized by FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the Molau test showed that the presence of IL improved the interfacial interaction of G‐IL and ABS, enhanced the dispersion of G‐IL in the ABS matrix, made G‐IL contact with each other, and it was easier to establish a thermal conduction network and promote phonon transfer. The thermal conductivity of 9 wt% G‐IL/ABS composite was 0.392 W·m−1·k−1, which was 96% and 14% higher than that of pure ABS and G/ABS composite, respectively. The tensile strength and bending modulus of 9 wt% G‐IL/ABS composite were 44.89 and 2124.37 MPa, which were 13% and 11% higher than those of pure ABS, respectively. The impact strength of 9 wt% G‐IL/ABS composite was 34.17 kJ/m2. It was 18% and 7% higher than that of pure ABS and 9 wt% G‐IL/ABS, respectively.

Highlights

Phosphorus imidazole ionic liquids were prepared.

Graphene was modified by ionic liquids through non‐covalent.

Enhanced mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of G‐IL/ABS composites.
Geometric Relational Framework for General‐Relativistic Gauge Field Theories
Authors: François Jordan T. , Ravera Lucrezia
Published: November 2024

It is recalled how relationality arises as the core insight of general‐relativistic gauge field theories from the articulation of the generalized hole and point‐coincidence arguments. Hence, a compelling case for a manifestly relational framework ensues naturally. A formulation for such a framework is proposed, based on a significant development of the dressing field method of symmetry reduction. A version for the group of automorphisms of a principal bundle over a manifold is first developed, as it is the most natural and elegant, and as hosts all the mathematical structures relevant to general‐relativistic gauge field theory. However, as the standard formulation is local, on , the relational framework for local field theory is then developed. The generalized point‐coincidence argument is manifestly implemented, whereby the physical field‐theoretical degrees of freedoms co‐define each other and define, coordinatize, the physical spacetime itself. Applying the framework to General Relativity, relational Einstein equations are obtained, encompassing various notions of “scalar coordinatization” à la Kretschmann–Komar and Brown–Kuchař.
The oviposition of cotton bollworms stimulates the defense against its eggs and larvae in tomato plants
Authors: Shi Jin‐Hua , Shao Rui , Abdelkhalek Sara T , Zhang Shuo , Wang Man‐Qun
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Herbivorous insects sustain their populations by oviposition. To reduce the damage caused by herbivores, the host plant triggers a defensive response upon detection of egg deposition. However, the specific impact of the egg deposition time of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the tomato plant defense remains obscure.

RESULTS

This study investigated the effects of tomato plant defenses on cotton bollworm eggs and larvae at different time intervals following egg deposition. The study revealed that tomato plant defense triggered by egg deposition did not directly affect the hatchability of the eggs. Nevertheless, it attracted Trichogramma chilonis 48 h after the egg deposition. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the oviposition‐induced plant volatiles (OIPVs) revealed a considerable increase in the amount of α‐pinene released by tomato plants 48 h after egg deposition. The olfactory results from Y‐tube experiments showed that α‐pinene exhibited a substantial attraction towards T. chilonis. In addition, it was found that the defense response induced by egg deposition for 24 and 48 h significantly inhibited the growth and development of the larvae. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the egg deposition of cotton bollworm altered the metabolite composition and caused significant modifications in the metabolic pathways of tomato plants.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide novel insights into pest management by using egg‐induced plant defenses to reduce egg hatching, and impede larval growth and development in herbivorous insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Time‐Varying Sliding Mode Based Fixed‐Time Missile Guidance and Attitude Control With Impact Angle Constraints
Authors: Wei Shenghui , Song Shenmin
Published: November 2024

Considering an unpowered missile diving to intercept a maneuvering target, a novel fixed‐time guidance and attitude control algorithm is proposed. First, the second‐order derivatives of the aerodynamic angles are directly linked to the fin deflections, which can avoid the tracking of missile body angle rate instruction in the traditional methods. Second, a novel fixed‐time time‐varying parameter nonsingular terminal sliding mode guidance law is proposed, which can avoid control input singularity without switching to the polynomial form when the error approaches the origin. Third, a new global time‐varying sliding mode with a predefined convergence time and analytical solution is developed to design the attitude controller. The system states are proved to be fixed‐time convergence based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Six‐degree‐of‐freedom simulations are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of miss distance, impact angle error, interception time and control energy.
The pathway to sustainable development: The roles of financial development, technological innovation, and educational development in energy poverty alleviation
Authors: Latief Rashid , Javeed Sohail Ahmad , Ashraf Sumaira
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the dynamics of energy poverty by evaluating the roles played by financial development, technological innovation, and educational development, among other factors. It seeks to identify pathways for sustainable development in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. Based on recent panel data from 2000 to 2020, this research classified the sample into various income groups for a comparative analysis. A multidimensional comprehensive index of energy poverty was then formulated through principal component analysis (PCA). This study assesses the relationships between variables using a novel panel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL), ordinary least squares (OLS), panel unit root tests, Kao cointegration tests, and Wald tests. The results of the Kao tests confirm the presence of cointegration among the variables across all income groups and the overall sample. The panel QARDL approach indicates a significant and negative long‐term relationship between financial development and energy poverty across all income groups other than the low‐income countries. Similarly, technological innovation has a negative long‐term association with energy poverty for most groups, with the exception being the upper‐to‐middle‐income countries. Furthermore, educational development negatively influences energy poverty in the long term for all groups other than lower‐middle‐income countries. The findings for the overall sample suggest that financial and educational development are negatively connected with energy poverty in both the long and short term, while technological innovation only has a negative connection in the short term. In addition, the Wald test results revealed time‐varying integration and parameter stability in both the long and short terms.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Supercapacitive Mo‐doped Titanium Nanotube Arrays and Effect of Anodization Voltage
Authors: Jaleel Fabeena Jahan , Akhilesh T. , Paravannoor Anjali , Abitha K. , Fasil P Mohammed , Palantavda Shajesh , Vijayan Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil
Published: November 2024

Designing potential architectures by the modification of conventional electrode materials is an effective approach in the development of high performance supercapacitor electrodes. The present study investigated the effect of varying anodization voltages (50, 75, and 100 V) on the morphology and electrochemical properties of titanium nanotubes (TNT). Molybdenum was doped onto TNT using a simple hydrothermal procedure, followed by thermal treatment at 450 °C. The study effectively demonstrated control over the dimensions of the nanotube structure by adjusting the anodization voltage. Additionally, it was found that the tube diameters were increased due to etching during the hydrothermal treatment with the Mo precursor, which potentially enhanced the supercapacitive performance of Mo‐doped TNT. Further, structural analysis revealed that Mo doping improved both crystallinity and electrode stability. With an optimal anodization voltage of 100  V, TNT and Molybdenum‐doped TNT could exhibit capacitance value of 13.34 and 326.54 mF cm−2 respectively, at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the electrode demonstrated good cyclic stability with 88% capacitance retention and 97% coulombic efficiency after 5000 cycles. An impressive energy density of 87.03 µWh cm−2 and a power density of 799.99 µW cm−2 could be achieved with this sample in an asymmetrical device.
Nitrogen‐Rich Molybdenum Nitride with Intrinsic CD39 Nucleotidase Activity
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Xia Chunqiu , Guo Liangqia
Published: November 2024

CD39 is one of the important nucleotidases to adjust extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentration. However, the enzyme mimics to simulate the activity of CD39 still remains to be explored. Herein nitrogen‐rich molybdenum nitride (Mo5N6) nanosheets are explored to possess CD39‐like activity, which are able to catalyze the hydrolysis of the high‐energy phosphate bonds (HEPBs) in ATP and ADP but not the common phosphate bonds in adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The catalytic hydrolysis of the phosphate bond over Mo5N6‐700 nanosheets is first investigated using para‐nitrophenyl phosphate as the model substrate and then the CD39‐like activity is further explored and verified by 31p NMR spectroscopy. Mo4+ on the surface of Mo5N6‐700 nanosheets are the catalytic active sites. Using ATP as the model substrate, the Km and Vmax values of CD39‐like activity at optimal pH 9.0 are 3.2 µmol L−1 and 18.5 µmol L−1 h−1, respectively. The CD39‐like activity of Mo5N6‐700 nanosheets enabled the down‐regulation of intracellular ATP concentration to a larger degree for cancer cells than normal cells, which makes Mo5N6‐700 nanosheets a potential therapeutic reagent for cancers.
Nanobubble Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging: A Review
Authors: Wegierak Dana , Nittayacharn Pinunta , Cooley Michaela B. , Berg Felipe M. , Kosmides Theresa , Durig Dorian , Kolios Michael C. , Exner Agata A.
Published: November 2024

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound is currently used worldwide with clinical indications in cardiology and radiology, and it continues to evolve and develop through innovative technological advancements. Clinically utilized contrast agents for ultrasound consist of hydrophobic gas microbubbles stabilized with a biocompatible shell. These agents are used commonly in echocardiography, with emerging applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Microbubbles are a blood pool agent with diameters between 1 and 10 μm, which precludes their use in other extravascular applications. To expand the potential use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound beyond intravascular applications, sub‐micron agents, often called nanobubbles or ultra‐fine bubbles, have recently emerged as a promising tool. Combining the principles of ultrasound imaging with the unique properties of nanobubbles (high concentration and small size), recent work has established their imaging potential. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound imaging using these agents continues to gain traction, with new studies establishing novel imaging applications. We highlight the recent achievements in nonlinear nanobubble contrast imaging, including a discussion on nanobubble formulations and their acoustic characteristics. Ultrasound imaging with nanobubbles is still in its early stages, but it has shown great potential in preclinical research and animal studies. We highlight unexplored areas of research where the capabilities of nanobubbles may offer new advantages. As technology advances, this technique may find applications in various areas of medicine, including cancer detection and treatment, cardiovascular imaging, and drug delivery.
Geographic Information System in Hospitality: Spatial Clustering of Hotels Based on Marketing Variables
Authors: Marín-Carrillo María B. , Illescas-Manzano María , Sánchez-Pérez Manuel , Martínez-Puertas Sergio
Published: November 2024

Geographic information systems (GIS) have emerged as a valuable technology for marketing management. Its relevance emanates from the distinct importance of establishment location in hospitality and restaurant industries, the continued availability and depth of geospatial data continuously generated by the consumer and generating maps as visual elements. Assuming that strategies involving group-level customer customization are optimal, this paper aims to understand how geographical location is related to certain hotel and marketing variables. After reviewing the relevant literature on the use of GIS in the hospitality and restaurant industries, spatial and hotspot analyses of the hotel sector in Madrid are carried out to identify spatial clusters of hotels and to determine what can explain the possible agglomeration of hotels in certain areas.
Sustainability in Marketing Education: Student’s Attitudes at Iberian Universities
Authors: Capobianco-Uriarte María de las Mercedes , Martínez-Bravo María del Mar , Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Barbosa-Pereira Carla Alexandra , Matos-Pedro Eugenia Maria
Published: November 2024

Since the alignment of the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) for responsible education in management with the SDGs, both launched by the United Nations, the role of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) has become a fundamental pillar for the academic training of future leaders to contribute to the architecture of a sustainable society. However, the academic literature focuses primarily on educational institutional analysis rather than on student outcomes. University students not only reflect a growing awareness of environmental, social, and economic challenges but also display attitudes that influence their personal and professional choices. This paper focuses on a qualitative survey oriented to the attitudes toward sustainability of 129 university marketing students, carried out in two universities in the Iberian Peninsula (University of Almeria—Spain and University of Beira Interior—Portugal). By means of a t-student analysis between the two sample groups, it was analyzed whether the attitudes of students from both universities differ from different perspectives, the personal valuation of the importance of a more sustainable society, the specific integration of sustainability in business, the preference of training toward PRME-oriented educational organizations, or the labor insertion as a worker in sustainable companies. The results of this work can guide academic institutions in the evaluation of their efforts in curricular changes, course redesign, pedagogical proposals, and adjustments in mission and institutional objectives.