bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PTSD BLIND TO DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL RESOURCES? EVIDENCE FROM HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS FACING TERRORISM
Authors: Ben‐Porat Anat , Boaz Yablon Yaacov , Itzhaky Haya
Published: February 2013

In recent years, Israeli youth have been exposed to ongoing missile attacks in the southern region of the country. One of the outcomes of exposure to this kind of stress situation is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on an ecological approach, the study focused on examining the contribution of adolescents’ environmental resources to PTSD, with particular emphasis on the contribution of place of residence. In addition, the contribution of the adolescents’ personal resources and background variables was examined, as well as the contribution of the perceived threat for loss of resources. The findings revealed that levels of PTSD were higher among adolescents living in low socioeconomic status (SES) localities than among those living in high SES localities. In addition, the findings revealed that the adolescent's age, participation in the community and perceived danger contribute positively to PTSD, whereas sense of mastery contribute negatively to PTSD.
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY ACTIVITY IN OLD ADULTS
Authors: Hidalgo M. Carmen , Moreno‐Jiménez Pilar , Quiñonero Jesus
Published: February 2013

Volunteer work is beneficial for not only recipients and organizations but also volunteers. Several studies have shown the positive effects on health, psychological well‐being, and even on the longevity of those who take part in some kind of voluntary work. These benefits are even greater in older adults. Our research seeks to further analyse these benefits. We have studied the differences between a group of mature volunteers and another equivalent group who do not carry out any voluntary work. A total of 176 people older than 50 years of age (88 volunteers and 88 nonvolunteers) were interviewed. The results show significant differences in all the variables analysed. Meanwhile, the regression analysis indicates that self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and social support are the variables with greater predictive weight in the level of participation. These three variables explain 41% of the variance.
SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH HOUSING: DOES IT CONTRIBUTE TO THE COMMUNITY INTEGRATION AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF PEOPLE WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITIES?
Authors: Aubry Tim , Flynn Robert J. , Virley Barb , Neri Jaclynne
Published: February 2013

Despite its importance as a theory in the development of programs for populations with disabilities, social role valorization (SRV) has received relatively little attention in community mental health research. We present findings of a study that examined the relationship of housing‐related SRV to community integration and global life satisfaction of persons with psychiatric disabilities. The housing environments and associated supports of a group of 73 persons with psychiatric disabilities living in a mid‐sized city were assessed using the PASSING rating system on the extent that their housing environments facilitated SRV. In addition, in‐person interviews were conducted to determine the levels of physical integration, psychological integration, social integration, and life satisfaction of study participants. Results showed SRV contributing directly to all three types of community integration. Psychological integration was found to mediate the relationship between SRV and life satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed.
SEM study of semi‐oriented tube microstructures of Serpulidae (Polychaeta, Annelida): Implications for the evolution of complex oriented microstructures
Authors: Vinn Olev
Published: February 2013

Semi‐oriented microstructures represent an intermediate state between isotropic and complex oriented microstructures of serpulids. Semi‐oriented microstructures are apparently unique to serpulids, indicating that there may have been unique aspects in the evolution of their biomineralization system. The occurrence of semi‐oriented microstructures in serpulids supports the hypothesis that complex oriented microstructures are derived from isotropic microstructures via evolution of a biochemical crystal orientation control mechanism. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:453–456, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic blockade of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor via recombinant adenovirus in lung cancer can be enhanced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat
Authors: Park Mi‐Young , Kim Dal Rae , Eo Eun Young , Lim Hyo Jeong , Park Jong Sun , Cho Young‐Jae , Yoon Ho‐Il , Lee Jae Ho , Lee Choon‐Taek
Published: February 2013

Background

Many approaches have been suggested as anti‐tumor therapy for targeting insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R), such as monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We introduced recombinant adenoviruses expressing antisense, dominant negative or short hairpin RNA to IGF‐1R. Moreover, we demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat) can increase the transduction efficiency of adenoviruses by increasing CAR‐induced transduction and by enhancing the transcription of the adenoviral transgene. In the present study, we showed that the combination of ad‐sh (short hairpin) IGF‐1R with vorinostat leads to a synergistic enhancement of IGF‐1R blockade.

Methods

We measured the change in IGF‐1R upon cotreatment with vorinostat and ad‐shIGF‐1R. Changes in transduction efficiency of ad‐shIGF‐1R were measured by fluorescent microscopy. Changes in apoptotic proportion and cell survival after the cotreatment were measured by the sub‐G1 assay and cell counts. The effect of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation was also measured by NF‐κB p65 activation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Drug interactions were analyzed upon cotreatment with ad‐shIGF‐1R, vorinostat and cisplatin.

Results

Combined treatment of ad‐shIGF‐1R and vorinostat synergistically suppressed the IGF‐1R expression in lung cancer cell lines and also increased the transduction efficiency of ad‐shIGF‐1R. Ad‐shIGF‐1R and vorinostat cotreatment increased apoptotic cell death and synergistically suppressed cell growth compared to ad‐shIGF‐1R or vorinostat treatment alone. Vorinostat suppressed NF‐κB activation, which was activated by ad‐shIGF‐1R. Moreover, triple combination of ad‐shIGF‐1R, vorinostat and cisplatin demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity on lung cancer cells.

Conclusions

Vorinostat enhanced the blocking capability of ad‐shIGF‐1R. The combined treatment of vorinostat and ad‐sh‐IGF‐1R appears to have promising potential as a new therapeutic approach for lung cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear Balanceable and Subcubic Balanceable Graphs*
Authors: Aboulker Pierre , Radovanović Marko , Trotignon Nicolas , Trunck Théophile , Vušković Kristina
Published: February 2013

In Math Program 55(1992), 129–168, Conforti and Rao conjectured that every balanced bipartite graph contains an edge that is not the unique chord of a cycle. We prove this conjecture for balanced bipartite graphs that do not contain a cycle of length 4 (also known as linear balanced bipartite graphs), and for balanced bipartite graphs whose maximum degree is at most 3. We in fact obtain results for more general classes, namely linear balanceable and subcubic balanceable graphs. Additionally, we prove that cubic balanced graphs contain a pair of twins, a result that was conjectured by Morris, Spiga, and Webb in ( Discrete Math 310(2010), 3228–3235).
Capture of 3‐Amino‐4‐oxycyanofurazan and Characterization of Isoxazole Product
Authors: Luo Yifen , Wang Bozhou , Zhang Guofang , Zhou Yanshui , Lian Peng
Published: February 2013

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrile oxide and alkyne was used to capture 3‐amino‐4‐oxycyanofurazan (AOCF), which was considered as the key intermediate during the synthesis of 3,4‐bis(4‐aminofurazano‐3‐yl)furoxan (DATF) from 3‐amino‐4‐chloroximinofurazan. The isolated isoxazoles from the reaction afforded evidences for the existence of AOCF. The structures of the isoxazoles were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. In addition, single crystal X‐ray diffraction of one isoxazole was obtained.
Imaging of metals in biological tissue by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS): state of the art and future developments
Authors: Sabine Becker J.
Published: February 2013

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) is well established as a sensitive trace and ultratrace analytical technique with multielement capability for bioimaging of metals and studying metallomics in biological and medical tissue. Metals and metalloproteins play a key role in the metabolism and formation of metal‐containing deposits in the brain but also in the liver. In various diseases, analysis of metals and metalloproteins is essential for understanding the underlying cellular processes. LA–ICP–MS imaging (LA–ICP–MSI) combined with other complementary imaging techniques is a sophisticated tool for investigating the regional and cellular distribution of metals and related metal‐containing biomolecules. On the basis of successful routine techniques for the elemental bioimaging of cryosections by LA–ICP–MSI with a spatial resolution between 200 and ~10 µm, the further development used online laser microdissection ICP–MSI to study the metal distribution in small biological sample sections (at the cellular level from 10 µm to the submicrometer range).

The use of mass spectrometric imaging of metals and also nonmetals is demonstrated on a series of biological specimens. This article discusses the state of the art of bioimaging of metals in thin biological tissue sections by LA–ICP–MSI with spatial resolution at the micrometer scale, future developments and prospects for quantitative imaging techniques of metals in the nanometer range. In addition, combining quantitative elemental imaging by LA/laser microdissection–ICP–MSI with biomolecular imaging by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–MSI will be challenging for future life science research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorbing boundary conditions for the FD‐TLM method : the perfectly matched layer and the one‐way equation technique
Authors: Attia M. , Ney M. , Aguili T.
Published: February 2013

This paper investigates the absorbing boundary conditions for the frequency domain transmission line matrix method. Two approaches are presented, namely the perfectly matched layer (PML) technique and the one‐way wave equation. Concerning the PML technique, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional transmission line matrix (TLM) nodes, already used in time domain, are exploited in frequency domain where a rigorous formulation of these PML–TLM nodes is presented. In addition, two types of one‐way wave operators are also transposed from time to frequency domain TLM approach: Taylor expansion and Higdon's boundary conditions. The simulation of a wideband matched load WR‐28 rectangular waveguide is presented for validation. Excellent results are obtained with a very thin PML layer. Results concerning one‐way operator techniques also show very good return loss performances. For instance, Higdon's boundary condition was extended beyond third‐order approximation, and a return loss better than 160 dB was obtained. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal variability of droughts and floods in the Yellow River basin during the last five centuries and relations with the North Atlantic SST
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Dongliang , Li Laurent , Deng Weitao
Published: February 2013

Droughts and floods are frequent disasters in the Yellow River basin in northern China. They have a strong impact on agriculture and water resource management. To explore the physical mechanisms of these droughts and floods, influences exerted by the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the mid‐latitude North Atlantic on the wetness and dryness in the Yellow River basin have been investigated. The drought/flood index (DFI), derived from a reconstructed dataset covering the last five centuries, is used. Numerical simulations are conducted with the Community Atmospheric Model version 3.0 (CAM3) to study the influence of various mechanisms. It is found that DFI in the entire Yellow River basin experienced oscillations at about 50–60 years during the past five centuries. Droughts and floods have inconsistent patterns in different areas of the Yellow River. The periodic variation of DFI in Xi'an, a station in a semi‐humid subarea, is in contrast to the North Atlantic SST (10°N–55°N and 70°W–10°W) oscillation in spring and summer; the periodic variation of the Yinchuan DFI in a semi‐arid subarea (the upper reaches of Yellow River) correlates with the North Atlantic SST oscillation variation in spring and summer. The North Atlantic SST is probably one of the key sources of internal variability of the climate system, which results in Rossby wave adjusting. The warm phase of the North Atlantic SST is related to the operation of a Northern Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) like pattern conducive to easterly wind anomalies in northern China and enhances anti‐cyclones around Lake Baikal that leads to less precipitation or more frequent droughts in the semi‐arid subarea in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, but wet conditions in the semi‐humid subarea in the middle reaches, monsoon subarea in the lower reaches and plateau subarea in the upper reaches of the river.
Lateglacial ice dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon Territory: retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe reconstructed from the glacial landform record
Authors: Margold Martin , Jansson Krister N. , Kleman Johan , Stroeven Arjen P.
Published: February 2013

The Liard Lobe formed a part of the north‐eastern sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and drained ice from accumulation areas in the Selwyn, Pelly, Cassiar and Skeena mountains. This study reconstructs the ice retreat pattern of the Liard Lobe during the last deglaciation from the glacial landform record that comprises glacial lineations and landforms of the meltwater system such as eskers, meltwater channels, perched deltas and outwash fans. The spatial distribution of these landforms defines the successive configurations of the ice sheet during the deglaciation. The Liard Lobe retreated to the west and south‐west across the Hyland Highland from its local Last Glacial Maximum position in the south‐eastern Mackenzie Mountains where it coalesced with the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Retreat across the Liard Lowland is evidenced by large esker complexes that stretch across the Liard Lowland cutting across the contemporary drainage network. Ice margin positions from the late stage of deglaciation are reconstructed locally at the foot of the Cassiar Mountains and further up‐valley in an eastern‐facing valley of the Cassiar Mountains. The presented landform record indicates that the deglaciation of the Liard Lobe was accomplished mainly by active ice retreat and that ice stagnation played a minor role in the deglaciation of this region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental variability during the Last Interglacial: a new high‐resolution pollen record from Tenaghi Philippon, Greece
Authors: Milner Alice M. , Müller Ulrich C. , Roucoux Katherine H. , Collier Richard E. L. , Pross Jörg , Kalaitzidis Stavros , Christanis Kimon , Tzedakis Polychronis C.
Published: February 2013

A new high‐resolution Last Interglacial pollen record from the Tenaghi Philippon peatland, northeast Greece, documents variability in forest composition and cover, which we attribute to changes in temperature and moisture availability. The declining stage of the interglacial was marked by a stepwise decrease in temperate tree populations and culminated in the complete collapse of forest at the onset of the ensuing stadial. The coincidence of the onset of the stepwise declining trend with the increased prominence of North Atlantic ice‐rafting events suggests that ecological thresholds in southern Europe were only crossed once ice rafting events intensified, and implies that changes in North Atlantic ocean circulation were an important contributing factor to the declining temperate forest cover in southern Europe. Our results provide evidence for intra‐interglacial variability in the low mid latitudes and suggest a coupling between the high northern latitudes and the northeast Mediterranean during this interval. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy decay rates for a hyperbolic differential inclusion with viscoelastic boundary conditions
Authors: Kang Jum‐Ran
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we consider a hyperbolic differential inclusion with viscoelastic boundary conditions localized on a part of the boundary. For a wider class of relaxation functions, we establish a more general decay result, from which the usual exponential and polynomial decay rates are only special cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solution for a generalized space‐time fractional telegraph equation
Authors: Fino Ahmad Z. , Ibrahim Hassan
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we consider a nonhomogeneous space‐time fractional telegraph equation defined in a bounded space domain, which is obtained from the standard telegraph equation by replacing the first‐order or second‐order time derivative by the Caputo fractional derivative , α > 0 and the Laplacian operator by the fractional Laplacian ( − Δ)β ∕ 2, β ∈ (0,2]. We discuss and derive the analytical solutions under nonhomogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions by using the method of separation of variables. The obtained solutions are expressed through multivariate Mittag‐Leffler type functions. Special cases of solutions are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
29Si–1H IMPACT HMBC: a suitable tool for analyzing silylated derivatives
Authors: Farjon Jonathan , Giros Audrey , Deloisy Sandrine , Blanco Luis , Hannedouche Jérôme , Schulz Emmanuelle , Merlet Denis
Published: February 2013

A modified version of the IMPACT heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) has allowed the characterization of an organosilane and a tetrasilylated yttrium complex. With the help of this sequence, an average gain in sensitivity close to 2 has been obtained compared with the standard HMBC experiment for disilanes as well as for yttrium complexes containing silylated ligands. This modified version of this long‐range correlation experiment opens the way for following kinetics in the range of a fraction of a minute and to study by NMR low concentrated samples and low abundant nuclei. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for high‐resolution imaging of creatine in vivo using chemical exchange saturation transfer
Authors: Kogan Feliks , Haris Mohammad , Singh Anup , Cai Kejia , Debrosse Catherine , Nanga Ravi Prakash Reddy , Hariharan Hari , Reddy Ravinder
Published: February 2013

Purpose

To develop a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)‐based technique to measure free creatine (Cr) and to validate the technique by measuring the distribution of Cr in muscle with high spatial resolution before and after exercise.

Methods

Phantom studies were performed to determine contributions from other Cr kinase metabolites to the CEST effect from Cr (CrCEST). CEST, T2, magnetization transfer ratio and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquisitions of the lower leg were performed before and after plantar flexion exercise on a 7T whole‐body magnetic resonance scanner on healthy volunteers.

Results

Phantom studies demonstrated that while Cr exhibited significant CEST effect there were no appreciable contributions from other metabolites. In healthy human subjects, following mild plantar flexion exercise, increases in the CEST effect from Cr were observed, which recovered exponentially back to baseline. This technique exhibited good spatial resolution and was able to differentiate differences in muscle utilization among subjects. The CEST effect from Cr results were compared with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showing good agreement in the Cr and phosphocreatine recovery kinetics.

Conclusion

Demonstrated a CEST‐based technique to measure free Cr changes in in vivo muscle. The CEST effect from Cr imaging can spatially map changes in Cr concentration in muscle following mild exercise. This may serve as a tool for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders affecting muscle. Magn Reson Med 71:164–172, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NMR HRMAS spectroscopy of lung biopsy samples: Comparison study between human, pig, rat, and mouse metabolomics
Authors: Benahmed Malika A. , Elbayed Karim , Daubeuf François , Santelmo Nicola , Frossard Nelly , Namer Izzie J.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

Using the metabolomics by NMR high‐resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy, we assessed the lung metabolome of various animal species in order to identify the animal model that could be substituted to human lung in studies on fresh lung biopsies.

Methods

The experiments were conducted on intact lung biopsy samples of pig, rat, mouse, and human using a Bruker Advance III 500 spectrometer. Thirty‐five to 39 metabolites were identified and 23 metabolites were quantified. Principal component analysis, partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, and analysis of variance tests were performed in order to compare the metabolic profiles of each animal lung biopsies to those of the human lung.

Results

The metabolic composition between human and pig lung was similar. However, human lung was distinguishable from mouse and rat regarding: Trimethylamine N‐oxide and betaïne which were present in rodents but not in human lung, carnitine, and glycerophosphocholine which were present in mouse but not in human lung. Conversely, succinic acid was undetected in rat lung. Furthermore, fatty acids concentration was significantly higher in rodent lungs compared to human lung.

Conclusion

Using the metabolomics by NMR high‐resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy on lung biopsy, samples allowed to highlight that pig lung seems to be close to human lung as regarding its metabolite composition with more similarities than dissimilarities. Magn Reson Med 71:35–43, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Magnetization Transfer Contrast MRI to Detect Early Molecular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pérez‐Torres Carlos J. , Reynolds Julia O. , Pautler Robia G.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine if magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging could be used to detect early macromolecular accumulation in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

We obtained MTC images at 9.4 T at three different age points in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The Tg2576 mouse exhibits increased amyloid beta deposition that eventually progresses into amyloid beta plaque formation, increased hyper‐phosphorylated tau but does not exhibit neurodegeneration.

Results

Our results show an increase in the MTC signal that predates plaque formation and reported learning and memory deficits in the Tg2576 mouse. This increase in the MTC signal was reversed in a model of antioxidant therapy.

Conclusion

MTC magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect early macromolecular changes in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The source of the MTC contrast is likely complex and warrants further investigation in additional preclinical models that represent early and late stage Alzheimer's disease pathologies. Magn Reson Med 71:333–338, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Volumetric B1+ Mapping of the Brain at 7T using DREAM
Authors: Nehrke Kay , Versluis Maarten J. , Webb Andrew , Börnert Peter
Published: February 2013

Purpose

To tailor and optimize the Dual Refocusing Echo Acquisition Mode (DREAM) approach for volumetric B1+ mapping of the brain at 7T.

Theory and Methods

A new DREAM echo timing scheme based on the virtual stimulated echo was derived to minimize potential effects of transverse relaxation. Furthermore, the DREAM B1+ mapping performance was investigated in simulations and experimentally in phantoms and volunteers for volumetric applications, studying and optimizing the accuracy of the sequence with respect to saturation effects, slice profile imperfections, and T1 and T2 relaxation. Volumetric brain protocols were compiled for different isotropic resolutions (5–2.5 mm) and SENSE factors, and were studied in vivo for different RF drive modes (circular/linear polarization) and the application of dielectric pads.

Results

Volumetric B1+ maps with good SNR at 2.5 mm isotropic resolution were acquired in about 20 s or less. The specific absorption rate was well below the safety limits for all scans. Mild flow artefacts were observed in the large vessels. Moreover, a slight contrast in the ventricle was observed in the B1+ maps, which could be attributed to T1 and T2 relaxation effects.

Conclusion

DREAM enables safe, very fast, and robust volumetric B1+ mapping of the brain at ultrahigh fields. Magn Reson Med 71:246–256, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Fourier cosine series expansion method for stochastic control problems
Authors: Ruijter M.J. , Oosterlee C.W. , Aalbers R.F.T.
Published: February 2013

We develop a method for solving stochastic control problems under one‐dimensional Lévy processes. The method is based on the dynamic programming principle and a Fourier cosine expansion method. Local errors in the vicinity of the domain boundaries may disrupt the algorithm. For efficient computation of matrix–vector products with Hankel and Toeplitz structures, we use a fast Fourier transform algorithm. An extensive error analysis provides new insights based on which we develop an extrapolation method to deal with the propagation of local errors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approximation of one phase quadrature domains
Authors: Bazarganzadeh Mahmoudreza , Bozorgnia Farid
Published: February 2013

In this work, we present two numerical schemes for a free boundary problem that is called one phase quadrature domain. In the first method, using the properties of a given free boundary problem, we derive a method that leads us to a fast iterative solver. The iteration procedure is adapted to work in the case when topology changes. The second method is based on shape reconstruction to establish an efficient shape Quasi‐Newton method. Various numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the derived numerical methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
A coupling of nonconforming and mixed finite element methods for Biot's consolidation model
Authors: Yi Son‐Young
Published: February 2013

In this article, we develop a nonconforming mixed finite element method to solve Biot's consolidation model. In particular, this work has been motivated to overcome nonphysical oscillations in the pressure variable, which is known as locking in poroelasticity. The method is based on a coupling of a nonconforming finite element method for the displacement of the solid phase with a standard mixed finite element method for the pressure and velocity of the fluid phase. The discrete Korn's inequality has been achieved by adding a jump term to the discrete variational formulation. We prove a rigorous proof of a‐priori error estimates for both semidiscrete and fully‐discrete schemes. Optimal error estimates have been derived. In particular, optimality in the pressure, measured in different norms, has been proved for both cases when the constrained specific storage coefficient c0 is strictly positive and when c0 is nonnegative. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy of the method and also show the effectiveness of the method to overcome the nonphysical pressure oscillations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Diet composition modulates expression of sirtuins and Renin‐Angiotensin system components in adipose tissue
Authors: de Pinho Lucinéia , Andrade João Marcus Oliveira , Paraíso Alanna , Filho Aristides Batista Maia , Feltenberger John D. , Guimarães André Luiz Sena , de Paula Alfredo Mauricio. Batista , Caldeira Antônio Prates , de Carvalho Botelho Ana Cristina , Campagnole‐Santos Maria José , Sousa Santos Sérgio Henrique
Published: February 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of RAS components and SIRTs enzymes in the adipose tissue of mice fed diets with different macronutrient composition.

Design and Methods

The body weight, food intake, and energy intake (kcal) were evaluated. Blood parameters (insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, HDL‐C triglyceride, and glucose levels) were also assessed. Real‐time PCR was performed in epididymal adipose tissue samples to analyze the expression of renin, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin‐converting enzyme 1 and 2 (ACE and ACE2), and SIRTs 1‐7. Male FVB/N mice were divided into 5 groups (N = 10 each) that were fed with experimental diets for 60 days. Test diets were divided into standard (ST), AIN‐93M, high glucose (HG), high protein (HP) and high lipid (HL).

Results

The main results showed that HL diet treatment induced reduction in HDL‐C and triglyceride plasma levels; increased ACE (Ang II marker) expression and decreased ACE2 (Ang‐[1‐7] catalyzer) expression in adipose tissue; and also increased SIRT4 expression.

Conclusion

Diets with high lipid content induced a degenerative state associated with deregulation of adipose tissue enzymes expression.
Metabolic syndrome, circulating RBP4, testosterone, and SHBG predict weight regain at 6 months after weight loss in men
Authors: Wang Ping , Menheere Paul P.C.A. , Astrup Arne , Andersen Malene R. , van Baak Marleen A. , Larsen Thomas M. , Jebb Susan , Kafatos Anthony , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Hlavaty Petr , Viguerie Nathalie , Langin Dominique , Saris Wim H.M. , Mariman Edwin C.M. ,   Diogenes consortium
Published: February 2013

Objective

Weight loss helps reduce the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the obese, but weight regain after active weight loss is common. The changes and predictive role of circulating adipokines and sex hormones for weight regain in men during dietary intervention, and also the effect of basal MetS status on weight regain, were investigated.

Design and Methods

Twenty‐four men who continued to lose weight (WL) and 24 men who regained weight (WR) during the 6‐month follow‐up period after weight loss were selected from the Diogenes Study. Their circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, total and free testosterone, and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at baseline, after 8‐week low‐calorie diet‐induced active weight loss, and after a subsequent 26‐week ad libitum weight maintenance diet, and analyzed together with anthropometrical and physiological parameters.

Results

Overweight and obese men with MetS at baseline had higher risk to regain weight (odds ratio = 2.8, P = 0.015). High baseline RBP4, low total testosterone, and low SHBG are predictors of weight loss regain (different between WR and WL with P = 0.001, 0.038, and 0.044, respectively).

Conclusions

These variables may play roles in the link between MetS and weight loss regain.
Disability prevalence among healthy weight, overweight, and obese adults
Authors: Armour Brian S. , Courtney‐Long Elizabeth A. , Campbell Vincent A. , Wethington Holly R.
Published: February 2013

Objective:

Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes in people with and without disabilities. However, little is known about disability prevalence among people who are obese. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and type of disability among adults who are obese.

Design and Methods:

Pooled data from the 2003‐2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to obtain national prevalence estimates of disability, disability type and obesity. The disability prevalence was stratified by body mass index (BMI): healthy weight (BMI 18.5‐<25.0), overweight (BMI 25.0‐<30.0), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0).

Results:

In this pooled sample, among the 25.4% of US adults who were obese, 41.7% reported a disability. In contrast, 26.7% of those with a healthy weight and 28.5% of those who were overweight reported a disability. The most common disabilities among respondents with obesity were movement difficulty (32.5%) and work limitation (16.6%).

Conclusions:

This research contributes to the literature on obesity by including disability as a demographic in assessing the burden of obesity. Because of the high prevalence of disability among those who are obese, public health programs should consider the needs of those with disabilities when designing obesity prevention and treatment programs.
Differential associations of leptin with adiposity across early childhood
Authors: Boeke Caroline E. , Mantzoros Christos S. , Hughes Michael D. , L. Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl , Villamor Eduardo , Zera Chloe A. , Gillman Matthew W.
Published: February 2013

Objective

To examine associations of perinatal and 3‐year leptin with weight gain and adiposity through 7 years.

Design and Methods

In Project Viva, plasma leptin from mothers at 26‐28 weeks' gestation (n = 893), umbilical cord vein at delivery (n = 540), and children at 3 years (n = 510) was assessed in relation to BMI z‐score, waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, and dual X‐ray absorptiometry body fat.

Results

50.1% of children were male and 29.5% non‐white. Mean (SD) maternal, cord, and age 3 leptin concentrations were 22.9 (14.2), 8.8 (6.4), and 1.8 (1.7) ng/ml, respectively, and 3‐ and 7‐year BMI z‐scores were 0.46 (1.00) and 0.35 (0.97), respectively. After adjusting for parental and child characteristics, higher maternal and cord leptin were associated with less 3‐year adiposity. For example, mean 3‐year BMI z‐score was 0.5 lower (95% CI: −0.7, −0.2; P‐trend = 0.003) among children whose mothers' leptin concentrations were in the top versus bottom quintile. In contrast, higher age 3 leptin was associated with greater weight gain and adiposity through age 7 [e.g., change in BMI z‐score from 3 to 7 years was 0.2 units (95% CI: −0.0, 0.4; P‐trend =0.05)].

Conclusion

Higher perinatal leptin was associated with lower 3‐year adiposity, whereas higher age 3 leptin was associated with greater weight gain and adiposity by 7 years.
Young adult weight trajectories through midlife by body mass category
Authors: Malhotra Rahul , Østbye Truls , Riley Crystal M. , Finkelstein Eric A.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To estimate the expected weight gain through midlife for those in a given BMI category in young adulthood.

Design and Methods: Group‐based trajectory modeling and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data from 1990 to 2008 were used to quantify weight trajectories through midlife for 10,038 young adult men and women stratified by BMI category. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of trajectory membership with obesity‐related conditions (hypertension, diabetes, arthritis) in middle age.

Results: Annual weight gain averaged 0.53 kg (1.17 lb) across the entire sample. However, there was considerable variation by and within BMI categories. More than 98% of men and 92% of women were on upward‐sloping trajectories, generally moving into a higher BMI category by middle age. Those who experienced early and rapid weight gain during young adulthood were most likely to be on a steeper trajectory and had greater risks for obesity‐related conditions.

Conclusion: This study points to the health and weight benefits of entering young adulthood with a normal BMI, but further reveals that this is no guarantee of maintaining a healthy weight through midlife. For those who are young adults today, weight maintenance is unlikely to occur without significant environmental or technical innovation.
A Pilot Internet‐Based Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention with or without Commercially Available Portion‐Controlled Foods
Authors: Webber Kelly H. , Rose Stephanie A.
Published: February 2013

Objective: To evaluate the short‐term impact of portion‐controlled food provision in combination with an Internet behavioral weight loss program on weight, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose levels.

Design and Methods: Fifty participants, mean age 46 ± 10.7 years and mean body mass index 35.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2, were randomized to one of two study groups, an Internet behavioral weight loss program (Internet‐alone; n = 25) or an Internet behavioral weight loss program plus a commercially available portion‐controlled diet (Internet + PCD; n = 25) for 12 weeks.

Results: An intent‐to‐treat analysis found that the mean weight change in the Internet + PCD group was −5.7 ± 5.6 kg and in the Internet‐alone group (n = 25) was −4.1 ± 4.0 kg (P = 0.26). Participants in the Internet + PCD group achieved significantly greater improvements in blood glucose (−2.6 ± 5.7 vs. 1.4 ± 11.0 mg/dl; P = 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (−8.2 ± 18.0 vs. −0.6 ± 21.0 mg/dl; P = 0.04), compared with Internet‐alone group.

Conclusions: These data suggest that there may be short‐term clinical benefit in using a PCD in conjunction with a behavioral Internet‐based weight loss program to enhance weight loss and improve health indicators.
Equivalent weight loss for weight management programs delivered by phone and clinic
Authors: Donnelly Joseph E. , Goetz Jeannine , Gibson Cheryl , Sullivan Debra K. , Lee Robert , Smith Bryan K. , Lambourne Kate , Mayo Matthew S. , Hunt Suzanne , Lee Jae Hoon , Honas Jeffrey J. , Washburn Richard A.
Published: February 2013

Objective

Face‐to‐face (FTF) weight management is costly and presents barriers for individuals seeking treatment; thus, alternate delivery systems are needed. The objective of this study was to compare weight management delivered by FTF clinic or group conference calls (phone).

Design and Methods

Randomized equivalency trial in 295 overweight/obese men/women (BMI = 35.1±4.9, Age = 43.8±10.2, Minority = 39.8%). Weight loss (0‐6 months) was achieved by reducing energy intake between 1,200 and 1,500 kcal/day and progressing physical activity (PA) to 300 min/week. Weight maintenance (7‐18 months) provided adequate energy to maintain weight and continued 300 min/week of PA. Behavioral weight management strategies were delivered weekly for 6 months and gradually reduced during 7‐18 months. A cost analysis provided a comparison of expenses between groups.

Results

Weight change from baseline to 6 months was −13.4 ± 6.7% and −12.3 ± 7.0% for FTF clinic and phone, respectively. Weight change from 6‐18 months was 6.4 ± 7.0% and 6.4 ± 5.2%, for FTF clinic and phone, respectively. The cost to FTF participants was $789.58 more per person.

Conclusions

Phone delivery provided equivalent weight loss and maintenance and reduced program cost. Ubiquitous access to phones provides a vast reach for this approach.
Dexamethasone reduces energy expenditure and increases susceptibility to diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Poggioli Raffaella , Ueta Cintia B. , Drigo Rafael Arrojo e , Castillo Melany , Fonseca Tatiana L. , Bianco Antonio C.
Published: February 2013

Objective

To investigate how long‐term treatment with dexamethasone affects energy expenditure and adiposity in mice and whether this is influenced by feeding on a high‐fat diet (HFD).

Design and Methods

Mice were placed on a HFD for 2 weeks and started on dexamethasone at 5 mg/kg every other day during the next 7 weeks.

Results

Treatment with dexamethasone increased body fat, an effect that was more pronounced in the animals kept on HFD; dexamethasone treatment also worsened liver steatosis caused by the HFD. At the same time, treatment with dexamethasone lowered the respiratory quotient in chow‐fed animals and slowed nightly metabolic rate in the animals kept on HFD. In addition, the acute VO2 acceleration in response to β3 adrenergic‐stimulation was significantly limited in the dexamethasone‐treated animals, as a result of marked decrease in UCP‐1 mRNA observed in the brown adipose tissue of these animals.

Conclusions

Long‐term treatment with dexamethasone in a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity decreases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and exaggerates adiposity and liver steatosis. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
Eight‐month postprogram completion: Change in risk factors for chronic disease amongst participants in a 4‐month pedometer‐based workplace health program
Authors: Freak‐Poli Rosanne , Wolfe Rory , Brand Margaret , de Courten Maximilian , Peeters Anna
Published: February 2013

Objective

To evaluate whether participation in a 4‐month, pedometer‐based, physical activity, workplace health program is associated with long‐term sustained improvements in risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, 8 months after the completion of the program.

Design and Methods

A sample size of 720 was required. 762 Australian adults employed in primarily sedentary occupations and voluntarily enrolled in a workplace program were recruited. Demographic, behavioral, anthropometric and biomedical measurements were completed at baseline, 4 and 12 months.

Results

About 76% of participants returned at 12 months. Sustained improvements at 12 months were observed for self‐reported vegetable intake, self‐reported sitting time and independently measured blood pressure. Modest improvements from baseline in self‐reported physical activity and independently measured waist circumference at 12 months indicated that the significant improvements observed immediately after the health program could not be sustained. Approximately half of those not meeting guidelines for physical activity, waist circumference and blood pressure at baseline, were meeting guidelines at 12 months.

Conclusions

Participation in this 4‐month, pedometer‐based, physical activity, workplace health program was associated with sustained improvements in chronic disease risk factors at 12 months. These results indicate that such programs can have a long‐term benefit and thus a potential role to play in population prevention of chronic disease.
Abdominal myosteatosis is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older men without diabetes
Authors: Miljkovic Iva , Cauley Jane A. , Wang Patty Y. , Holton Kathleen F. , Lee Christine G. , Sheu Yahtyng , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth , Hoffman Andrew R. , Lewis Cora B. , Orwoll Eric S. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Marshall Lynn M. ,   the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: February 2013

Objective

Skeletal muscle adipose tissue (AT) infiltration (myosteatosis) increases with aging and may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear if myosteatosis is associated to glucose and insulin homeostasis independent of total and central adiposity.

Design and Methods

The association between intermuscular AT (IMAT) in the abdominal skeletal muscles (total, paraspinal, and psoas) and fasting serum glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in 393 nondiabetic Caucasian men aged 65+ was evaluated. Abdominal IMAT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) (cm3) were measured by quantitative computed tomography at the L4‐L5 intervertebral space.

Results

In age, study site, height, and muscle volume adjusted regression analyses, total abdominal and psoas (but not paraspinal) IMAT were positively associated with glucose, insulin, and HOMA‐IR (all P < 0.003). The associations between total abdominal and psoas IMAT and insulin and HOMA‐IR remained significant after further adjusting for lifestyle factors, as well as duel‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total body fat, VAT, or SAT in separate models (all P < 0.009).

Conclusions

A previously unreported, independent association between abdominal myosteatosis and hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among older Caucasian men was indicated. These associations may be specific for particular abdominal muscle depots, illustrating the potential importance of separately studying specific muscle groups.
Adipocytokines levels at delivery, functional variation of TFAP2β, and maternal and neonatal anthropometric parameters
Authors: Comasco Erika , Iliadis Stavros I. , Larsson Anders , Olovsson Matts , Oreland Lars , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Skalkidou Alkistis
Published: February 2013

Objective

Adipocytokines participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism and fetal development. The transcription factor activating protein 2B (TFAP2β) has been associated with adipocytokine regulation, and gene variations with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study investigated associations between maternal TFAP2B variation, adipocytokine levels, and maternal and neonatal anthropometric characteristics.

Design and Methods

A population‐based sample of women was followed from delivery to 6 months postpartum. Adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin‐6 levels at delivery, and maternal as well as neonatal anthropometric variables were assessed. The TFAP2β intron 1 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) was genotyped.

Results

Maternal interleukin‐6 correlated positively with leptin at delivery, with peripartum weight changes and weight of newborn males, adjusted for potential confounders. Leptin at delivery was associated with TFAP2β intron 1 VNTR genotype, adjusted for confounders, maternal weight and negatively with birth weight among female neonates. A path model suggested a link between TFAP2β genotype, leptin levels, and newborn females' weight.

Conclusions

The present results stress a role for the TFAP2 β in adiposity‐related conditions and intrauterine growth. The association between neonatal birth weight and maternal adipocytokine levels, together with the observed sex effect, call for further studies on the mechanisms behind neuroendocrine fetal programming.
Anxiety during early pregnancy predicts postpartum weight retention in obese mothers
Authors: Bogaerts Annick F. L. , Van den Bergh Bea R. H. , Witters Ingrid , Devlieger Roland
Published: February 2013

Objective

We aimed to describe the weight status of obese mothers 6 months after delivery and examine its relationship to important sociodemographical, behavioral, and psychological variables.

Design and Methods

Postpartum data from an interventional trial in obese pregnant women (n = 197), conducted in three regional hospitals, between March 2008 and June 2012, were available from 150 mothers. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 29 kg/m2. Predictors were examined from the pregnancy and postpartum period. Descriptive statistics were performed and linear regression models constructed.

Results

Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) 6 months after delivery ranges from −17 to + 19 kg with a mean of −1.28 kg (SD 6.05). Thirty‐nine percent showed PPWR (>0 kg) and 13% of obese mothers reported a high PPWR (≥5 kg). Gestational weight gain (GWG) and psychological discomfort were significantly higher in obese mothers with PPWR compared to those with no or low PPWR. Mean duration of breastfeeding in this cohort of obese mothers was 9.5 weeks (SD 8.7), with 17.3% breastfeeding for at least 6 months. At 6 months after delivery, prepregnancy BMI (β = −0.283; P = 0.001), GWG (β = 0.337; P = 0.001), and maternal trait anxiety in the first trimester of pregnancy (β = 0.255; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with PPWR in obese mothers.

Conclusion

PPWR in obese mothers is associated with psychological discomfort during early pregnancy. Besides the importance of adequate prenatal weight management, focused psychological support should be an important cue to action in obese women, to prevent maternal obesity on the long run.