bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Management of Tropical Forests
Authors: Ezenwenyi Jacinta U. , Chukwu Onyekachi
Published: October 2019

Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that performs life-supporting functions on Earth. This chapter presents the application concepts necessary to link remote sensing data and geographic information system to conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of tropical forests. Despite the rising global concern, there is still continuous destruction of tropical forests at an alarming rate. This chapter assessed various approaches for conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of tropical forests using remote sensed data and geographic information system. This involves their applications to biodiversity conservation, forest ecophysiology, forest trees' disease and insect interactions, forest mensuration, forest resources monitoring and evaluation, forest fires, land use and land cover dynamics, and vegetation cover.
The obsession with greatness leads to power abuse: Is spiritual intelligence an appropriate response?
Authors: Cornelius Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2019

Power abuse is the reason for corruption, violence, murder, rape and many other crimes. This article focuses on the reasons for power abuse – the reasons why people morph into beasts. Some say it is a result of an aspiration for superiority. Others say it is an act of a typical personality type, namely the ruling type. I ask the following question in this regard: Is it an obsession with greatness? What is present or absent in a person’s life that makes them obsessed with greatness? Herod the Great is studied as an example of a power abuser in order to determine what brought out the beast in him. The research is done with the help of various disciplines, including history, sociology and psychology in order to answer different questions. It is concluded that an obsession with greatness can be a result of the absence of spiritual intelligence – an absence of religion.
Yerberito: audiovisual transmedia para difundir el uso sostenible de plantas medicinales
Authors: Arciniegas Martinez Ana Teresa
Published: October 2019

Yerberito es un proyecto transmedia que vincula arte, ciencia y tecnología, y es el resultado de una investigación en la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. El proyecto pretende promover el uso sostenible de las plantas medicinales nativas colombianas en pro de su conservación y de la biodiversidad. La investigación interdisciplinar se divide en dos partes que se relacionan con las fases metodológicas de investigación y de diseño del proyecto: los estudios ambientales y botánicos en los que se clasificaron las plantas y, como proyecto aplicado la creación de una obra audiovisual. Yerberito se propone como una vía en el proceso de divulgación de resultados de las ciencias naturales al unir sinergias con la investigación creación propia de las artes audiovisuales. La plataforma tiene tres nodos principales: el primero un documental interactivo (no lineal) en el que, a través de una polifonía de voces de adultos mayores, comercializadores de hierbas y habitantes rurales, cuentan los diferentes usos de las plantas medicinales, conocimiento que les ha sido transmitido a través de la tradición oral por generaciones. Mostrando los usos que la comunidad les da a las plantas medicinales en su cotidianidad y la relación que ellos establecen con la naturaleza. En el segundo nodo; el usuario entra en un museo virtual o herbario ilustrado que contiene información general y específica de 13 plantas medicinales nativas con información biológica. Finalmente, en el tercer nodo se puede descargar y ampliar la experiencia de manera inmersiva con una aplicación móvil de realidad virtual que complementa el documental interactivo con ambientes naturales en los cuales se encuentran las plantas, sonidos y fotografías 360°, teniendo la posibilidad de reconocer el ecosistema, los espacios y los sonidos naturales. El proyecto emplea videos, ilustraciones, fotografías y relatos dispuestos en un sitio web y en una aplicación móvil de realidad virtual.
Visualizar la fragilidad
Authors: Miquel Bartual Mijo
Published: October 2019

En este período de crisis ecosistémica generalizada, resulta de especial importancia encontrar vías que puedan ayudarnos a entender y asumir el momento crítico en el que nos encontramos. La constatación de la urgencia puede llevarnos a producir imágenes con la intención de activar respuestas emocionales que lleven a la acción pero que, sin embargo, resulten contraproducentes en un doble sentido. Por una parte, pueden producir miedo y bloqueo, derivando en una ceguera autoimpuesta, actitud por la que frecuentemente opta el ser humano cuando debe enfrentarse a problemas o conflictos que le desbordan.   Por otra, si profundizamos en las consecuencias que estas emociones pueden tener en nuestra percepción del mundo, podría darse que el impacto de dichas representaciones derivara sin mucho refuerzo exterior en la justificación de propuestas autoritarias en la política, ante la necesidad de reaccionar con rapidez el horizonte catastrófico. Esta transformación ya en marcha de las formas democráticas puede conllevar asimismo la aceptación de un porcentaje de “pérdidas”, de “exceso poblacional” que debería sacrificarse por tanto, generando un cambio de paradigma en el que el neocapitalismo moral escondiera nuevas formas de tanatocracia. Si bien la enorme fragilidad que vive nuestra especie debería motivar una respuesta articulada y solidaria a nivel planetario, tememos que las maneras en las que la transmitimos, las representaciones que elegimos, vayan a generar este determinado tipo de respuestas. Por ello, consideramos esencial reflexionar al respecto de manera que podamos encarar la tarea con la urgencia real que requiere, sin por ello admitir una merma radical en las formas de democracia ni un ejercicio cómplice de biopoder sobre los más afectados.
17Î±-ethinyl estradiol induces behavioral and reproductive damages in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Schuster Andriéli Carolina , Rodrigues Gabriela Zimmermann Prado , Zwetsch Bruna Graziela , Garcia Ana Leticia Hilario , Gehlen Günther
Published: October 2019

Synthetic estrogen 17Î±-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is recognized for its ability to cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms and its high resistance to environmental degradation, being found in Brazilian waterbodies up to 100 ng L-1. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the exploratory behavior and the histological effects on zebrafish gonads, caused by environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2. Females were exposed to nominal concentrations of 25 ng L-1 and 100 ng L-1 EE2 for 21 days. After that, a behavioral and histological analysis of gonads was performed. The EE2 caused the reduction of the exploratory activity of the animals, when observed the behavior, and an acceleration of the maturation process of the oocytes evaluated in the histological analysis. Considering the results obtained after the exposure to EE2, we highlight the concern about the potential risks it may cause to the aquatic biota, alerting to the need to control and monitor these micropollutants present in Brazilian water resources.
Identification of mutations in BMP15 and GDF9 genes associated with prolificacy of Markhoz goats
Authors: Ghoreishi Hourad , Fathi-Yosefabad Sadegh , Shayegh Jalal , Barzegari Abolfazl
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Markhoz is a local goat breed in the Kurdistan region of Iran. The
mohair obtained from these animals plays an important cultural role and is
used for making local clothes in the Kurdistan region. This breed is a low-fecundity local goat, and searching for genes associated with fertility of these
goats is important for their breeding. Moreover, this research is
complementary to prior studies of candidate genes associated with fertility.
The growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15
(BMP15) are attractive candidates expressed by the oocyte and are associated
with increased ovulation rate in sheep. However, there are no reports on
single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fertility of Markhoz goats.
Hence, we studied these candidate genes and found two novel mutations
(g.233C>A and g.755T>G) in GDF9 exon I and in BMP15
exon II, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated their association with
prolificacy. These nucleotide changes are detectable with the PCR-RFLP
method and can be used in the screening for highly fecund goats. Both of the
mutations significantly increased litter size in heterozygote form for BMP15
and homozygote form for GDF9 in this goat breed. Homozygote females for the
BMP15 mutation were not identified in the Markhoz breed, which is similar to
the situation found in Belclare sheep, small-tailed Han sheep, and Jining Grey
goats.
Molecular Composition and Photochemical Evolution of Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) Extracted from Field Biomass Burning Aerosols using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cai Jing , Zeng Xiangying , Zhi Guorui , Gligorovski Sasho , Sheng Guoying , Yu Zhiqiang , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Photochemistry plays an important role in the evolution of atmospheric water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), which dissolves into clouds, fogs and aerosol liquid water. In this study, we examined the molecular composition and evolution of a WSOC mixture extracted from fresh biomass burning aerosols upon photolysis, using direct infusion electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HRMS). For comparison, two typical phenolic compounds (i.e., phenol and guaiacol) emitted from lignin pyrolysis in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a typical OH radical precursor, were exposed to simulated sunlight irradiation. The photochemistry of both, the phenols (photo-oxidation) and WSOC mixture (direct photolysis) can produce a series of highly oxygenated compounds which in turn increases the degree of oxidation of organic composition and acidity of the bulk solution. In particular, the LC/ESI-HRMS technique revealed significant photochemical evolution on the WSOC composition, e.g., the photodegradation of low oxygenated species and the formation of highly oxygenated products. We also tentatively compared the mass spectra of photolytic time-profile extract with each other for a more comprehensive description of the photolytic evolution. The calculated average oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of oxygenated compounds in bulk extract increases from 0.38 ± 0.02 to 0.44 ± 0.02 (mean±standard deviation) while the intensity (S / N)-weighted average O / C (O / Cw) increases from 0.45 ± 0.03 to 0.53 ± 0.06 as the time of irradiation extends from 0 to 12 h. These findings indicate that the water soluble organic fraction of fresh combustion-derived aerosols have the potential to form more oxidized organic matter, accounting for the highly oxygenated nature of atmospheric organic aerosols.
Evaluation of satellite-based aerosol datasets and the CAMS reanalysis over ocean utilizing shipborne reference observations
Authors: Witthuhn Jonas , Hünerbein Anja , Deneke Hartwig
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Reliable reference measurements over ocean are essential for the evaluation and improvement of satellite- and model-based aerosol datasets. Within the framework of the Maritime Aerosol Network, shipborne reference datasets have been collected over the Atlantic ocean since 2004 with Microtops sun photometers. These were recently complemented by measurements with the multi-spectral shadowband radiometer GUVis-3511 during five cruises with the research vessel Polarstern. The AOD uncertainty estimate of both ship-borne instruments of ±0.02 can be confirmed, if the GUVis instrument is cross-calibrated to the Microtops instrument to account for differences in calibration, and an empirical correction to account for the broad shadowband and the effects of forward-scattering is introduced. Based on these two datasets, a comprehensive evaluation of aerosol products from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flown on NASA's Earth Observing System satellites, the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the geostationary Meteosat satellite, and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis (CAMSRA) is presented. For this purpose, focus is given to the accuracy of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 630 nm in combination with the Angström exponent (AE), discussed in the context of the ambient aerosol type. In general, the evaluation of MODIS AOD from the official Level-2 aerosol products of C6.1 against the Microtops AOD product confirms that 76 % of datapoints fall into the expected error limits given by previous validation studies. The SEVIRI-based AOD product exhibits a 25 % larger scatter than the MODIS AOD products at the instrument's native spectral channels. Further, the comparison of CAMSRA and MODIS AOD versus the shipborne reference show similar performances of both datasets, with some differences arising from the assimilation and model assumptions. When considering aerosol conditions, an overestimation of AE is found for scenes dominated by desert dust for MODIS and SEVIRI products versus the shipborne reference dataset. This highlights the importance of considering aerosol type in evaluation studies for identifying problematic aspects.
Airborne measurement of peroxy radicals using chemical amplification
coupled with cavity ring down spectroscopy: the PeRCEAS instrument
Authors: George Midhun , Andrés Hernández Maria Dolores , Nenakhov Vladyslav , Liu Yangzhuoran , Burrows John Philip
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Hydroperoxyl, HO2, and organic peroxy, RO2, radicals are reactive short lived species, which play a key role in tropospheric chemistry. Measurements of the sum of HO2 and RO2, known as RO2*, provide unique information about the chemical processing in an air mass. This paper describes the experimental features and capabilities of Peroxy Radical Chemical Enhancement and Absorption Spectrometer (PeRCEAS). This is an instrument designed for use on aircraft from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. PeRCEAS combines the amplified conversion of peroxy radicals to nitrogen dioxide, NO2, with the sensitive detection of NO2 using absorption spectroscopy (CRD) at 408 nm. PeRCEAS is a dual channel instrument, with two identical reactor-detector lines working out of phase with one another at a constant and defined pressure lower than ambient. The suitability of PeRCEAS for the airborne measurement in the free troposphere was evaluated by extensive characterisation and calibration under atmospherically representative conditions in the laboratory. The use of the alternating modes of the two instrumental channels captures successfully short term variations in the composition of RO2* in ambient air. For 60s measurement, the RO2* detection limit for a minimum (2σ) NO2 detectable mixing ratio
Microwave and submillimeter wave scattering of oriented ice particles
Authors: Brath Manfred , Ekelund Robin , Eriksson Patrick , Lemke Oliver , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Microwave dual-polarization measurements above 100 GHz are so far sparse, but they consistently show that larger ice hydrometeors tend to deviate from the standard assumption of total random orientation. This conclusion has been derived by conceptual models, while the first detailed simulations, recreating the observed polarization patterns, are presented in this study. The ice particles are assumed to be azimuthally randomly oriented with a fixed but arbitrary tilt angle. The scattering data for azimuthal random orientation is much more complex than for total random orientation. The scattering data of azimuthally randomly oriented particles depends in general on the incidence angle and two scattering angles compared to one angle scattering for total random orientation. The additional tilt angle adds an additional dimension. The simulations are based on the discrete dipol approximation in combination with a self developed orientation averaging approach. Data for two particle habits (51 hexagonal plates and 18 plate aggregates) and 35 frequencies between 1 GHz and 864 GHz were produced. The data is publicly available from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463003). This effort is also an essential part of preparing for the upcoming Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), that will perform polarized observations at 243 GHz and 664 GHz, which will deliver new insights about clouds.
The carbon footprint of a Malaysian tropical reservoir: measured versus modeled estimates highlight the underestimated key role of downstream processes
Authors: Soued Cynthia , Prairie Yves T.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Reservoirs are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and their number is rapidly increasing, especially in tropical regions. Accurately predicting their current and future emissions is essential but hindered by fragmented data on the subject, which often fail to include all emission pathways (diffusion, ebullition, degassing, and downstream emissions) and the high spatial and temporal flux variability. Here we conducted a comprehensive sampling of Batang Ai reservoir (Malaysia), and compared field-based versus modeled estimates of its annual carbon footprint for each emission pathway. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive fluxes were higher in upstream reaches. Reducing spatial and temporal sampling resolution resulted in up to 64 and 28 % change in flux estimate respectively. Most GHGs present in discharged water were degassed at the turbines, and the remainder were gradually emitted along the outflow river, leaving time for CH4 to be partly oxidized to CO2. Overall, the reservoir emitted 2639 g CO2 eq m−2 yr−1, with 90 % occurring downstream of the dam, mostly in the form of CH4. These emissions, largely underestimated by predictions, are mitigated by CH4 oxidation upstream and downstream of the dam, but could have been drastically reduced by slightly raising the water intake elevation depth. CO2 diffusion and CH4 ebullition were lower than predicted, whereas modeled CH4 diffusion was accurate. Investigating latter discrepancies, we conclude that exploring morphometry, soil type, and stratification patterns as predictors can improve modeling of reservoir GHG emissions at local and global scales.
Lake and mire isolation data set for the estimation of post-glacial land uplift in Fennoscandia
Authors: Pohjola Jari , Turunen Jari , Lipping Tarmo
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Postglacial land uplift is a complex process related to the continental ice retreat that took place about 10,000 years ago and thus started the viscoelastic response of the Earth's crust to rebound back to it's equilibrium state. To empirically model the land uplift process based on past behavior of shoreline displacement, data points of known spatial location, elevation and dating are needed. Such data can be obtained by studying the isolation of lakes and mires from the sea. Archaeological data on human settlements (i.e., human remains, fireplaces etc.) are also very useful as the settlements were indeed situated on dry land and were often located close to the coast. This information can be used to validate and update the postglacial land uplift model. In this paper, a collection of data underlying empirical land uplift modeling in Fennoscandia is presented. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905352 (Pohjola et al. 2019).
New regional stratigraphic insights from a 3D geological model of the Nasia Sub-basin, Ghana, developed for hydrogeological purposes and based on reprocessed B-field data, originally collected for mineral exploration
Authors: Dzikunoo Elikplim Abla , Vignoli Giulio , Jørgensen Flemming , Yidana Sandow Mark , Banoeng-Yakubo Bruce
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Re-processing of regional-scale airborne electromagnetic data is used in building a 3D geological model of the Nasia Sub-Basin, Northern Ghana. The resulting 3D geological model consistently integrates all the pieces of information brought by the electromagnetic data, lithologic logs, ground-based geophysical surveys and the prior geological knowledge of the terrain based on previous research. The geo-modelling process is aimed at defining the lithostratigraphy of the area, chiefly to improve the stratigraphic definition of the area as well as for hydrogeological purposes. The airborne electromagnetic measurements, consisting of GEOTEM B-field data, were originally collected for mineral exploration purposes. Thus, those B-field data had to be (re)processed and properly inverted as the original survey and data handling were designed for the detection of potential mineral targets and not for detailed geological mapping. These new geophysical inversion results, compared with the original Conductivity Depth Images, provided a significantly different picture of the subsurface. The new geophysical model led to new interpretations of the geological settings and to the construction of a comprehensive 3D geomodel of the basin. In this respect, the evidences of a hitherto unexposed paleovalley could be inferred from the airborne data. The stratigraphic position of these paleovalleys suggests a distinctly different glaciation history from the Marinoan events, commonly associated with the Kodjari formation of the Voltaian sedimentary basin. Indeed, their presence may be correlated to mountain glaciation within the Sturtian period though no unequivocal glaciogenic strata have yet been identified. This pre-Marinoan glaciation is recorded in rocks of the Wassangara group of the Taoudeni basin. The combination of the Marinoan and, possibly, Sturtian glaciation episodes, both of the Cryogenian period, can be an indication of a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Hence, the occurrence of those geological features, do not only have an important socio-economic consequences – as the paleovalleys can act as reservoirs for groundwater – but, also from a scientific point of view, could be extremely relevant – as their presence would require a revision of the present stratigraphy of the area.
Variability Scaling and Consistency of Airborne and Satellite Altimetry Measurements of Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Xu Shiming , Zhou Lu , Wang Bin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Satellite and airborne remote sensing provide complementary capabilities for the observation of the sea ice cover. However, due to the differences in footprint sizes and noise levels of the measurement techniques, as well as sea ice's variability across scales, it is challenging to carry out inter-comparison or consistency study of these observations. In this study we focus on the remote sensing of sea ice thickness parameters, and carry out: (1) the analysis of variability and its statistical scaling for typical parameters, and (2) the consistency study between airborne and satellite measurements. By using collocating data between Operation IceBridge and CryoSat-2 in the Arctic, we show that there exists consistency between the variability of radar freeboard estimations, although CryoSat-2 has higher noise levels. Specifically, we notice that the noise levels vary among different CryoSat-2 products, and for ESA CryoSat-2 freeboard product the noise levels are at about 14 and 20 cm for first-year and multiyear ice, respectively. On the other hand, for Operation IceBridge and ICESat, it is shown that the variability of snow (or total) freeboard is quantitatively comparable, despite over 5 years' the time difference between the two datasets. Furthermore, by using Operation IceBridge data, we also find wide-spread negative covariance between ice freeboard and snow depth, which only manifest at small spatial scales (40 m for first-year ice and about 80 to 120 m for MYI). This statistical relationship highlights that the snow cover reduces the overall topography of the ice cover. Besides, there is prevalent positive covariability between snow depth and snow freeboard across a wide range of spatial scales. The variability and consistency analysis calls for more process-oriented observations and modeling activities to elucidate key processes governing snow-ice interaction and sea ice variability on various spatial scales. The statistical results can also be utilized in improving both radar and laser altimetry, as well as the validation of sea ice and snow prognostic models.
Wake steering optimization under uncertainty
Authors: Quick Julian , King Jennifer , King Ryan N. , Hamlington Peter E. , Dykes Katherine
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Turbines in wind power plants experience significant power losses when wakes from upstream turbines affect the energy production of downstream turbines. A promising plant-level control strategy to reduce these losses is wake steering, where upstream turbines are yawed to direct wakes away from downstream turbines. However, there are significant uncertain- ties in many aspects of the wake steering problem. For example, in-field sensors do not give perfect information and inflow to the plant is complex and difficult to forecast with available information, even over short time periods. Here, we formulate and solve an optimization under uncertainty (OUU) problem for determining optimal plant-level wake steering strategies in the presence of uncorrelated uncertainties in the direction, speed, turbulence intensity, and shear of the incoming wind, as well as in turbine yaw positions. The OUU wake steering strategy is first examined for a two-turbine test case to explore the impacts of different types of inflow uncertainties, and is then demonstrated for a more realistic 11-turbine wind power plant. Of the sources of uncertainty considered, we find that wake steering strategies are most sensitive to uncertainties in the wind speed and direction. The OUU strategy also tends to favor smaller yaw angles when maximizing expected power production. Ultimately, the plant-level wake steering strategy formulated using the OUU approach yields 0.48 % more expected annual energy production than the deterministic strategy when considering stochastic inputs. Thus, not only does the present OUU strategy produce more power in realistic conditions, it also reduces risk by prescribing strategies that call for less extreme yaw angles.
CUATRO MANIFESTACIONES DE UNILATERALISMO EN LA OBRA DE LUIGI FERRAJOLI
Authors: Ruiz Manero Juan
Published: October 2019

El autor llama unilateralismo a la presentación de nuestros sistemas de normas e instituciones como si obedecieran a un único valor inspirador. El unilateralismo, en este sentido, implica la negación, explícita o implícita, de que tales normas e instituciones están atravesadas por tensiones internas que obedecen a que tratan de realizar valores que se encuentran, a su vez, en tensión entre sí. En el artículo se examina la posición de Luigi Ferrajoli en relación con cuatro ámbitos en los que, a juicio del autor, dicha posición es unilateralista en el sentido indicado: primero, el de la relación entre constitución y legislación; segundo, el de la distinción entre principios y reglas; tercero, el de la opción por un determinado sistema electoral; cuarto, el del problema de la guerra. Este unilateralismo desemboca, a juicio del autor, en una presentación distorsionada por parte de Ferrajoli de los problemas de estos cuatro ámbitos.
LA OTRA TRANSICIÓN. HACIA UNA NUEVA CULTURA JURÍDICA Y POLÍTICA
Authors: Attili Antonella , Salazar Carrión Luis
Published: October 2019

La nota desarrolla un examen teórico del significado y alcance de las reformas constitucionales aprobadas por el Congreso mexicano en junio de 2011. En opinión de los autores, si estas reformas son tomadas en serio suponen el comienzo de otra transición, en la medida en que hacen de los derechos fundamentales y sus garantías el marco supraordenado al que deberán sujetarse tanto las leyes ordinarias como el funcionamiento mismo del Estado mexicano.
CASOS GARZÓN: NECESARIO DISTINGUIR
Authors: Andrés Ibáñez Perfecto
Published: October 2019

La información masiva sobre los casos Garzón se ha caracterizado por la confusión, no siempre desinteresada, de los tres supuestos objeto de las querellas. Esto, a juicio del autor, obliga a individualizarlos cuidadosamente y a hacer lo mismo con las vicisitudes de cada una de las causas.
LOS LÍMITES DE LA REFORMA CONSTITUCIONAL EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS EN MÉXICO: POR UN PODER POLÍTICO DESCONCENTRADO
Authors: Vázquez Daniel
Published: October 2019

Existen lecturas optimistas de la reforma constitucional en materia de derechos humanos que observan un cambio paradigmático en el orden jurídico mexicano. Si bien la reforma es en sí misma un avance, en la medida en que no está acompañada de modificaciones sustantivas en la parte orgánica de la Constitución que permitan generar un proceso de desconcentración del poder político, la reforma corre el riesgo de tener una potencialidad diluida.
DEPENDENCIA EPISTÉMICA, ANTIINDIVIDUALISMO Y AUTORIDAD EN EL DEREC
Authors: Herdy Rachel
Published: October 2019

El artículo propone una concepción no individualista de la justiﬁ cación epistémica de las decisiones judiciales. Sugiere que la epistemología jurídica debe reconsiderar su teoría de la justiﬁ cación epistémica con el ﬁ n de dar cuenta de la posibilidad de que juzgadores racionales carezcan de autonomía intelectual. Sostiene que la dependencia epistémica es una de las propiedades que distinguen el razonamiento jurídico sobre los hechos, y que los juzgadores tienen buenas razones para aceptar una proposición sobre la base de la experiencia cognitiva de otras personas. Después de hacer algunas precisiones terminológicas acerca de los conceptos de “testimonio” y “evidencia”, el trabajo explica la estructura de la dependencia epistémica, aborda los debates normativos actuales acerca de la justiﬁ cación epistémica en casos de testimonio, y propone una posición externalista distinta, el antiindividualismo. Al ﬁ nal, se explora una variación sobre el tema, que consiste en la integración de la noción de dependencia epistémica en una teoría de la autoridad en el derecho.
DERECHO Y ARGUMENTACIÓN. SOBRE CURSO DE ARGUMENTACIÓN JURÍDICA DE MANUEL ATIENZA
Authors: Peña Carlos
Published: October 2019

Este libro intimida por su tamaño –nada menos que 900 páginas–, pero una vez que uno se interna en él, puede recorrerlo sin diﬁ cultad alguna, seguir sus pasos y aprender de sus miles de líneas. Lo primero que salta a la vista es la claridad casi desconcertante con que el profesor Atienza explica y expone problemas y conceptos que a cualquier otro escritor o teórico del derecho lo obligarían a torcer el lenguaje hasta límites casi indecibles. Una claridad tal sólo se alcanza cuando las cosas se han comprendido tan bien que se las maneja, como ocurre con el profesor Atienza y las teorías de la argumentación, con la naturalidad de quien simplemente respira...
INTRODUCCIÓN
Authors: Hevia Martín
Published: October 2019

El derecho privado presenta cada vez más desafíos. Así, por ejemplo, en Iberoamérica, la incorporación de los tratados de derechos humanos a los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales, la llamada constitucionalización del derecho privado, los procesos de unificación del derecho civil y comercial, el surgimiento y evolución del derecho de los consumidores, las nuevas formas de propiedad intelectual y la regulación de Internet, el desarrollo de la biotecnología...
DEMOCRACIA Y DERECHOS HUMANOS. UNA LECTURA DESDE LA TEORÍA DE CLAUDE LEFORT
Authors: Ortiz Leroux Sergio
Published: October 2019

El debate académico sobre el significado político de los derechos humanos ha puesto el acento en su dimensión negativa o privada, olvidando la dimensión positiva o pública que despliegan en el proceso de integración de una sociedad política determinada, como la democrática. El artículo rescata la dimensión política de los derechos humanos como un elemento constitutivo clave de la sociedad democrática. La hipótesis de que parte es que los derechos humanos otorgan carta de naturalidad a una lucha real a favor de la libertad política y contra la opresión que encuentra su materialización histórica en la sociedad democrática y su negación en la sociedad totalitaria. Para desarrollar el argumento, recurre a la teoría de Claude Lefort, quien asocia el discurso de los derechos humanos con una concepción general de la sociedad que se realiza históricamente en la sociedad democrática.
SOBRE EL KELSEN DE FERRAJOLI
Authors: Ruiz Manero Juan
Published: October 2019

El objeto de este trabajo es el de dar cuenta de las críticas a Kelsen contenidas en el último libro, todavía inédito, de Luigi Ferrajoli, Diritto e logica. Dieci aporie nell’opera di Hans Kelsen, y formular algunas críticas a las tesis sostenidas en él por el propio Ferrajoli. Entre las críticas que el autor considera que cabe dirigir a este respecto a Ferrajoli, las principales afectan al carácter exclusivamente interno de la mirada ferrajoliana sobre el derecho, al carácter siempre opinable, y nunca verdadero o falso, que, según Ferrajoli, tienen los enunciados interpretativos, y a la incompatibilidad que, según el autor, se presenta entre las ambiciones de la teoría ferrajoliana y las limitaciones que a la misma impone su anclaje en el no cognitivismo ético.
DEMOCRACIA, DERECHOS Y REGLA DE MAYORÍA: UNA MIRADA A PARTIR DE LA TEORÍA DE NORBERTO BOBBIO
Authors: Maldonado Muñoz Mauricio
Published: October 2019

La democracia, como forma de gobierno, admite su escisión en al menos dos momentos distintos: la democracia de los antiguos y la de los modernos. Un rasgo distintivo de esta última variante –aquella identificada como democracia representativa– es la existencia de representantes elegidos por votación popular. Dado esto, se ha sostenido generalmente que el voto y la regla de mayoría son mecanismos “típicamente democráticos”. Sin embargo, ni voto ni regla de mayoría son exclusivos de los sistemas democráticos, de modo que definir la forma que éstos han de tener cuando operan en un sistema democrático constituye uno de los problemas principales de la teoría de la democracia y de ésta en relación con los de- rechos fundamentales. Este trabajo aborda los problemas invocados por estos planteamientos a partir, sobre todo, de la obra de Norberto Bobbio.
Los jueces ante el pueblo. Sobre Cómo hacer funcionar nuestra democracia, de Stephen Breyer
Authors: Hernández Macías Juan Luis
Published: October 2019

No hay en la historia reciente de la justicia constitucional contemporánea evidencia del diálogo académico entre dos jueces constitucionales supremos en activo.
Panorama dos danos humanos provocados por secas e cheias no Brasil e uma proposta de regionalização de investimentos na gestão de riscos
Authors: De Souza Fernanda Abreu Oliveira , Oliveira Mauro Márcio
Published: October 2019

Entre 1991 e 2012 foram registrados quase 39 mil desastres naturais no Brasil, afetando, aproximadamente, 127 milhões de pessoas e causando perdas de R$ 182,7 bilhões. Desses desastres, 84% estão associados à água, seja falta, seja excesso. Além de compor um panorama dos danos humanos causados por desastres naturais ocorridos no Brasil relacionados ao excesso e à falta de água, o presente estudo propõe uma regionalização com base no conceito de suscetibilidade à seca e a cheia, com vistas a oferecer um indicativo de priorização de investimento no Brasil na área de gestão de risco. Os resultados do presente estudo estão assentados sobre a série 2013/16, uma vez que o Atlas Brasileiro de Desastres Naturais disponibiliza dados até 2012. Somente a seca afetou 66,1 milhões de pessoas no período 2013/16. Considerando apenas secas e cheias, os desastres mais impactantes no Brasil, coexistem no território nacional quatro Brasis, sendo predominante o ‘Brasil imune a seca e cheia’ (46% dos municípios), acompanhado na sequência pelo ‘Brasil das secas’ (29% dos municípios), ‘Brasil das cheias’ (13% dos municípios) e o ‘Brasil das secas e cheias simultâneas’ (12%). Para aprimorar a Política Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil, sugere-se que a regionalização definida neste estudo seja utilizada como ferramenta para priorizar investimentos.
Risco, princípio da precaução e justiça ambiental em conflitos por mineração
Authors: Lauda Rodriguez Zenaida Luisa , Ribeiro Wagner Costa
Published: October 2019

Na análise de conflitos socioambientais por mineração, vários trabalhos têm apontado as diversas causas que originam estes cenários de tensão sobretudo em comunidades locais. Contudo, um aspecto pouco abordado é a percepção dos riscos como causa de um conflito socioambiental. A partir dessa premissa, este trabalho discute teorias que abordam os riscos e o princípio da precaução com a teoria da justiça ambiental a fim de identificar os elementos comuns entre estas e suas implicações em conflitos que envolvem coletividades. A conexão analítica entre o princípio da precaução e a teoria da justiça ambiental permite advertir que, em alguns conflitos por mineração, além da rejeição aos riscos por possíveis efeitos poluentes, existem outras questões inter-relacionadas de conteúdo epistemológico, social, cultural, econômico e político que influenciam nos cenários de conflito. O trabalho mostra que estas inter-relações se expressam principalmente nas limitações intrínsecas do conhecimento científico para a avaliação de riscos e incertezas em projetos de mineração complexos e na disputa política que envolve avaliação e decisão sobre riscos que poderiam afetar bens incomensuráveis como o ambiente, a saúde humana e as formas de organização de diversas comunidades.
Tilheiros: carpintaria naval e sistemas territoriais em Parintins-AM
Authors: Bartoli Estevan
Published: October 2019

Objetivamos analisar a atividade da carpintaria naval em Parintins, no estado do Amazonas, através de aportes teóricos pertencentes à abordagem territorial e Sistemas Territoriais. Revisitando noções que interpretam cidades enquanto sistemas-abertos, ressaltamos interações organizacionais internas da cidade (políticas, econômicas e culturais), e desta com o módulo ecológico e escalas diversas de relações com o exterior do sistema urbano e áreas de entorno da cidade. A partir da proposta analítica sobre o Sistema Territorial Urbano-Ribeirinho composto por atividades da economia popular em Parintins, averiguamos como a carpintaria naval se adapta às oscilações de sazonalidade hídrica e sítio urbano. Cadeia produtiva incompleta, ausência de reposição do estoque madeireiro e fechamento operacional do sistema territorial indicam situação frágil frente às redes de poderes locais devido à ausência de organização coletiva. Concluímos apresentado um quadro sobre o papel de apoio à economia popular e mercantil além dos aspectos culturais que interagem no ambiente urbano.
Yield performance of soybean cultivars with indeterminate growth habits in response to plant spatial arrangement
Authors: Ferreira André Sampaio , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Werner Flávia , Zucareli Claudemir
Published: October 2019

Modifications in plant spatial arrangements, such as the use of narrow rows, twin rows, and crossed rows, may favor the development and productivity of soybeans due to the morphophysiological changes occurring in the plants. The aim of this research was to assess yield components, mortality rate, harvest index, and the yield, of two soybean cultivars, with indeterminate growth habits, in response to alternative plant spatial arrangements. The experiment was conducted in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, with randomized complete block design, in a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments were composed of four row spacings, at 0.2 m (narrow rows); 0.2/0.8 m (twin rows); 0.5 m (traditional); and 0.5 m (crossed rows); at three seeding rates (150, 300, and 450 thousand viable seeds ha-1) in two cultivars (BMX Potência RR and BRS 359 RR). In both growing seasons, there was a water deficit, and climatic conditions that would restrict soybean growth and development. The narrow rows, twin rows, and crossed rows did not favor yield performance compared to traditional spacing in either cultivar. The tested cultivars showed high phenotypic plasticity, allowing large changes in row spacing and seeding rate without major changes in the yield. The narrow rows, when associated with a high seeding rate, favored plant mortality. Grains per pod and harvest index were not influenced by the plant spatial arrangement.
Storage of soybean seeds treated with chemicals
Authors: Silva Isneider Luiz , Camargo Fernando Ribeiro Teles de , Souza Raniele Tadeu Guimarães de , Teixeira Itamar Rosa , Kikuti Hamilton
Published: October 2019

To treat seed lots during the beneficiation process industrial seed treatment (TIS) has been used on seedlings. However, the actual TIS influence on the physiological quality of soybeans throughout storage is not yet known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of TIS on the physiological quality of seeds of soybean cultivars during storage. Three soybean cultivars (M7110 IPRO, RR-8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) were subjected to four chemical treatment combinations (TIC-treated fungicide / insecticide): T1 - control; T2 - fungicide (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3 - insecticide (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4 - a mixture of fungicide and insecticide products metalaxyl + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (MaximAdvanced - 200 mL) and thiamethoxam insecticide (Cruiser 350 FS - 500 mL). The samples were stored for a total of six months, with evaluation before storage and monthly throughout the storage period (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The seeds were stored in a cold chamber regulated at 12 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 45± 2%. In addition to determining the water content, the following germination and vigor tests were performed: first count, seedling length, seedling dry mass and accelerated aging. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 4 x 7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The data were initiallysubjected to analysis of variance, and later discriminated by the Tukey test (p < 0.05) (cultivars and chemical products) and regression (storage period). The work concludes that the use of insecticide favored the length of seedlings in cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Chemicals affected the quality and vigor of seeds in all studied cultivars. Soybean seeds can be stored with chemical treatment for commercial purposes for up to 60 days.
Microbiological analysis in the fixation and preservation of dog cadavers with ethyl alcohol and sodium chloride solution
Authors: Pereira Natália , Cardozo Marita Vedovelli , Rocha Thiago André Salvitti de Sá , Zero Raphael Chiarelo , Ávila Fernando Antônio de , Oliveira Fabrício Singaretti de
Published: October 2019

There are several fixative or preservative solutions for use on cadavers, and formaldehyde is the most widely used. However, this chemical may present negative effects for professionals who manipulate it. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and quantify the main microorganisms related to the fixation and preservation of dog cadavers using an alternative and formaldehyde-free solution. After arterial injection (120 mL kg?1 95% 96° GL ethyl alcohol and 5% pure glycerin), cadavers were placed in 96° GL ethyl alcohol for 30 (group 1), 60 (group 2), 90 (group 3), and 120 days (group 4). After the fixation period, they remained under preservation in a 30% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 120 days. Bacterial quantification was performed by the pour plate method. The bacterial population was present in all groups during fixation, except for group 1, but never exceeded 9 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total anaerobes. The microbial population was present in all groups in at least two moments during preservation and never exceeded 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and anaerobes. The presence of fungi was observed in 8 out of 34 analyses. Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus sp. were identified in the analyzed samples. Microbiological counting was low, and no signs of contamination were observed in the vats at visual inspection.
Maturity dependent variation in composition and characteristics of potentially digestible tissues of leucena
Authors: Figueredo Erika Silva , Rodrigues Rosane Cláudia , Araújo Ricardo Alves de , Costa Clésio dos Santos , Santos Francisco Naysson de Sousa , Silva Ivone Rodrigues , Jesus Ana Paula Ribeiro , Araújo Jocélio dos Santos , Cabral Luciano da Silva , Araújo Ivo Guilherme Ribeiro
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting age on the production, chemical composition, degradation kinetics and anatomy of Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala). The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 2x4 (two types of tissues and four cutting ages) for the production data of dry matter and 3x4 (three degrees of degrees of digestion of tissues and four cutting ages). Observed effect (P < 0.05) for the total production of DM of Leucena in function of different ages. The tissue types grain and non-grain showed maximum production at 70 days of age, with production of 2333,00 and 716.60 kg DM ha-1, respectively. The parameters of degradation of DM evaluated decreased significantly with the increase in the maturity of the plant, in the same way the chemical composition presented behavior inherent to the advance of age. The effective degradability DM also decreased with the increase in the rate of passage (2, 5, and 8% h-1). The highest rate of degradation (c) was obtained for 30 days. With the advance in plant maturity increases the proportion of vascular tissue lignificad influencing parameters of ruminal degradation of Leucena. The ages assessed influenced the chemical composition of the Leucena (P < 0.05), where the levels of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and lignin and ash showed increasing linear behavior. The cutting age of 70 days offers an optimal point regarding the proportion of anatomical tissues correlated with the degradation and chemical composition of the Leucena.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed
Authors: Sousa Valéria Régia Franco , Dias Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy , Rodrigues Juliana Yuki , Torres Mariana de Medeiros , Moreira Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa , Nakazato Luciano , Dutra Valéria , Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de
Published: October 2019

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.