bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual HER2 Targeting Impedes Growth of HER2 Gene–Amplified Uterine Serous Carcinoma Xenografts
Authors: Groeneweg Jolijn W. , Hernandez Silvia F. , Byron Virginia F. , DiGloria Celeste M. , Lopez Hector , Scialabba Vanessa , Kim Minji , Zhang Ling , Borger Darrell R. , Tambouret Rosemary , Foster Rosemary , Rueda Bo R. , Growdon Whitfield B.
Published: October 2014

Purpose: Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer that commonly harbors HER2 gene amplification. We investigated the effectiveness of HER2 inhibition using lapatinib and trastuzumab in vitro and in xenografts derived from USC cell lines and USC patient-derived xenografts.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry and FISH were performed to assess HER2 expression in 42 primary USC specimens. ARK1, ARK2, and SPEC2 cell lines were treated with trastuzumab or lapatinib. Cohorts of mice harboring xenografts derived from ARK2 and SPEC2 cell lines and EnCa1 and EnCa2 primary human USC samples were treated with either vehicle, trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib. Acute and chronic posttreatment tumor samples were assessed for downstream signaling alterations and examined for apoptosis and proliferation.

Results: HER2 gene amplification (24%) correlated significantly with HER2 protein overexpression (55%). All models were impervious to single-agent trastuzumab treatment. Lapatinib decreased in vitro proliferation of all cell lines and in vivo growth of HER2-amplified xenografts (ARK2, EnCa1). In addition, dual therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib resulted in significant antitumor activity only in ARK2 and EnCa1 tumors. Dual HER2 therapy induced on target alteration of downstream MAPK and PI3K pathway mediators only in HER2-amplified models, and was associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation.

Conclusions: Although trastuzumab alone did not impact USC growth, dual anti-HER2 therapy with lapatinib led to improved inhibition of tumor growth in HER2-amplified USC and may be a promising avenue for future investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6517–28. ©2014 AACR.
Tumor Genotype Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of Gastric Origin: A European Multicenter Analysis Based on ConticaGIST
Authors: Wozniak Agnieszka , Rutkowski Piotr , Schöffski Patrick , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Hostein Isabelle , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Le Cesne Axel , Bylina Elzbieta , Limon Janusz , Blay Jean-Yves , Siedlecki Janusz A. , Wardelmann Eva , Sciot Raf , Coindre Jean-Michel , Debiec-Rychter Maria
Published: October 2014

Purpose: Although the mutational status in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can predict the response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the role of tumor genotype as a prognostic factor remains controversial. The ConticaGIST study sought to determine the pathologic and molecular factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with operable, imatinib-naive GIST.

Experimental Design: Clinicopathologic and molecular data from 1,056 patients with localized GIST who underwent surgery with curative intention (R0/R1) and were registered in the European ConticaGIST database were prospectively obtained and reviewed. Risk of tumor recurrence was stratified using the modified NIH criteria. The median follow-up was 52 months.

Results: On testing for potential prognostic parameters, the following were associated with inferior DFS on multivariable Cox model analysis: primary nongastric site, size >10 cm, mitotic index >10 mitoses per 50 high power field, and the KIT exon 9 duplication [hazard ratio (HR), 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9–2.5; P = 0.037] and KIT exon 11 deletions involving codons 557 and/or 558 [KITdel-inc557/558; HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.0–2.2; P = 0.004]. Conversely, PDGFRA exon 18 mutations were indicators of better prognosis [HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6; P = 0.002]. KITdel-inc557/558 were an adverse indicator only in GIST localized in the stomach (P < 0.001) but not in tumors with nongastric origin. In gastric GIST, all other mutations presented remarkably superior 5-year DFS.

Conclusions: In conclusion, tumor genotype is an independent molecular prognostic variable associated with gastric GIST and should be used for optimizing tailored adjuvant imatinib treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6105–16. ©2014 AACR.
Whole-Body Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Advanced Imaging Techniques for Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease
Authors: Pianko Matthew J. , Terpos Evangelos , Roodman G. David , Divgi Chaitanya R. , Zweegman Sonja , Hillengass Jens , Lentzsch Suzanne
Published: October 2014

Detection of lytic bone lesions is crucial in the workup for multiple myeloma and very often dictates the decision to start treatment. Conventional radiography, despite decades of use, is often insufficient for detection of bone disease in multiple myeloma. Modern imaging techniques such as MRI, PET, and CT offer superior detection of myeloma bone disease and extramedullary manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasias. Novel whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) protocols allow for collection of superior image detail of the skeleton at doses of radiation similar to those used for conventional planar radiography. Several studies have shown that WBLDCT has a superior detection rate for lytic bone lesions compared with whole-body X-ray (WBXR), potentially leading to restaging and changes in therapy. MRI and PET provide imaging data important for assessing disease activity and prognostication. Because of several advantages over WBXR, WBLDCT is already the standard imaging technique for use in patients with multiple myeloma in many European institutions. However, the radiographic skeletal survey or WBXR is still the initial study of choice used to screen for myeloma bone disease in many institutions. In this review, we aim to explore the changing landscape of imaging for myeloma bone disease through use of modern imaging techniques. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 5888–97. ©2014 AACR.
Lycopene Attenuated Hepatic Tumorigenesis via Differential Mechanisms Depending on Carotenoid Cleavage Enzyme in Mice
Authors: Ip Blanche C. , Liu Chun , Ausman Lynne M. , von Lintig Johannes , Wang Xiang-Dong
Published: October 2014

Obesity is associated with increased liver cancer risks and mortality. We recently showed that apo-10′-lycopenoic acid, a lycopene metabolite generated by beta-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2), inhibited carcinogen-initiated, high-fat diet (HFD)–promoted liver inflammation, and hepatic tumorigenesis development. The present investigation examined the outstanding question of whether lycopene could suppress HFD-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, and if BCO2 expression is important using BCO2-knockout (BCO2-KO) and wild-type male mice. Results showed that lycopene supplementation (100 mg/kg diet) for 24 weeks resulted in comparable accumulation of hepatic lycopene (19.4 vs. 18.2 nmol/g) and had similar effects on suppressing HFD-promoted HCC incidence (19% vs. 20%) and multiplicity (58% vs. 62%) in wild-type and BCO2-KO mice, respectively. Intriguingly, lycopene chemopreventive effects in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic proinflammatory signaling (phosphorylation of NK-κB p65 and STAT3; IL6 protein) and inflammatory foci. In contrast, the protective effects of lycopene in BCO2-KO but not in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress–mediated unfolded protein response (ERUPR), through decreasing ERUPR-mediated protein kinase RNA-activated like kinase–eukaryotic initiation factor 2α activation, and inositol requiring 1α–X-box–binding protein 1 signaling. Lycopene supplementation in BCO2-KO mice suppressed oncogenic signals, including Met mRNA, β-catenin protein, and mTOR complex 1 activation, which was associated with increased hepatic microRNA (miR)-199a/b and miR214 levels. These results provided novel experimental evidence that dietary lycopene can prevent HFD-promoted HCC incidence and multiplicity in mice, and may elicit different mechanisms depending on BCO2 expression. Cancer Prev Res; 7(12); 1219–27. ©2014 AACR.
Multimodal 3 Tesla MRI Confirms Intact Arterial Wall in Acute Stroke Patients After Stent-Retriever Thrombectomy
Authors: Hsieh Kety , Verma Rajeev K. , Schroth Gerhard , Gratz Pascal P. , Kellner-Weldon Frauke , Gralla Jan , Zubler Christoph , Mordasini Pasquale , Jung Simon , Mattle Heinrich P. , El-Koussy Marwan
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

The aim of this prospective study was to assess vascular integrity after stent-retriever thrombectomy.

Methods—

Dissection, contrast medium extravasation, and vasospasm were evaluated in 23 patients after thrombectomy with biplane or 3D-digital subtraction angiography and 3-Tesla vessel wall MRI.

Results—

Vasospasm was detected angiographically in 10 patients, necessitating intra-arterial nimodipine in 2 of them. Contrast extravasation, intramural hemorrhage, or iatrogenic dissection were not detected on multimodal MRI in any patient even after Y-double stent-retriever technique.

Conclusions—

Our findings suggest that clinically relevant vessel wall injuries occur rarely after stent-retriever thrombectomy.
Socioeconomic Position and Survival After Stroke in Denmark 2003 to 2012
Authors: Andersen Klaus Kaae , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Steding-Jessen Marianne , Olsen Tom Skyhøj
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

The risk for stroke is higher in low-income groups. It is not clear whether these groups also have a higher risk for death after a stroke.

Methods—

We studied survival in relation to income and level of education in all patients aged >40 years admitted to hospital for stroke in Denmark in 2003 to 2012. All Danish hospitals report data to the Danish Stroke Register for all patients admitted for acute stroke, including age, sex, stroke severity, subtype, and a cardiovascular risk profile. Information on income and education was obtained from Statistics Denmark; deaths from all causes from the Civil Registration Registry.

Results—

Information on education and disposable income was available for 56 581 Danes hospitalized for stroke during the 9.5-year study period. Median length of follow-up was 3.1 years. For the entire follow-up period, there was a significant, stepwise, independent relation between income and risk for death after stroke, which was 30% higher for the lowest than for the highest quintile income group (relative risk, 0.70, 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.74). People aged <65 years with basic education had a slightly higher risk for death than those with the longest (relative risk, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.30). Death within 1 month was not associated with income or education.

Conclusions—

The survival of patients with low income was reduced by 30% as compared with those with high income. Education had only a modest effect and only in patients aged <65 years. The impact of socioeconomic position was on late but not on early poststroke death.
Cocconeis sawensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from a saline lake (Sawa Lake), South Iraq: comparison with allied taxa
Authors: Al-Handal Adil , Riaux-Gobin Catherine , Abdulla Dawood , Ali Malik
Published: October 2014

A new species of the genus Cocconeis is described. Cocconeis sawensis sp. nov. was observed as epiphyte on the macrophyte Chara Linn. sp., collected from a saline lake in Iraq (Sawa Lake). Description of the new species is based on details observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Cocconeis sawensis belongs to a group of taxa similar to Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg, but differs in a number of fine ultrastructural features including stria density and hymenes, raphe, valve shape and rim, valvocopula, hymen perforations and fimbriae shape as well as a presence of a pore-like structure reminiscent of a vestigial raphe in the sternum valve. A comparison with closely related taxa is given.
Notes on the genus Pseudokuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae: Meconematini) from China
Authors: DI JUAN-XIA , BIAN XUN , SHI FU-MING , CHANG YAN-LIN
Published: October 2014

Two new species of the genus Pseudokuzicus are described: Pseudokuzicus (Pseudokuzicus) trianglus sp. nov. and Pseudokuzicus (Pseudokuzicus) platynus sp. nov. from China. In addition, morphological structures, a distribution map for known species distributed in China and a key to the species are provided. All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China.
The first Pan-Podocnemididae turtle egg from the Presidente Prudente Formation (Late Cretaceous, Bauru Group), Brazil
Authors: MARSOLA JÚLIO C. DE A. , GRELLET-TINNER GERALD , MONTEFELTRO FELIPE C. , LANGER MAX C.
Published: October 2014

Pan-Podocnemididae turtles are ubiquitous in Late Cretaceous rocks of the Bauru Group in southeastern Brazil. This group of side-necked turtles is particularly abundant in a turtle-bearing site of the Presidente Prudente Formation known as Tartaruguito. Here, we describe the first turtle egg (LPRP-USP 0052) from the Tartaruguito site. LPRP-USP 0052 is nearly complete but misses a pole and measures 5,1 and 2,9-2,2 centimeters due to its flattened minor axis. The egg morphology and microstructure were analyzed by observations performed with CT, Optic Microscopy, Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Wave Dispersion Energy analyses. The eggshell ranges from 145 to160 micrometers thick. Considering the matching morphology of the new specimen and its provenance from the stratigraphic horizon that yielded only the podocnemidids Bauruemys and Roxochelys, it is most likely that LPRP-USP 0052 was produced by a podocnemidid turtle.
Why Do Model Tropical Cyclones Intensify More Rapidly at Low Latitudes?
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Kilroy Gerard , Montgomery Michael T.
Published: October 2014

The authors examine the problem of why model tropical cyclones intensify more rapidly at low latitudes. The answer to this question touches on practically all facets of the dynamics and thermodynamics of tropical cyclones. The answer invokes the conventional spin-up mechanism, as articulated in classical and recent work, together with a boundary layer feedback mechanism linking the strength of the boundary layer inflow to that of the diabatic forcing of the meridional overturning circulation.

The specific role of the frictional boundary layer in regulating the dependence of the intensification rate on latitude is discussed. It is shown that, even if the tangential wind profile at the top of the boundary layer is held fixed, a simple, steady boundary layer model produces stronger low-level inflow and stronger, more confined ascent out of the boundary layer as the latitude is decreased, similar to the behavior found in a time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical model. In an azimuthally averaged view of the problem, the most prominent quantitative differences between the time-dependent simulations at 10° and 30°N are the stronger boundary layer inflow and the stronger ascent of air exiting the boundary layer, together with the much larger diabatic heating rate and its radial gradient above the boundary layer at the lower latitude. These differences, in conjunction with the convectively induced convergence of absolute angular momentum, greatly surpass the effects of rotational stiffness (inertial stability) and evaporative-wind feedback that have been proposed in some prior explanations.
Tropical Cyclones in the UPSCALE Ensemble of High-Resolution Global Climate Models*
Authors: Roberts Malcolm J. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Mizielinski Matthew S. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Schiemann Reinhard , Strachan Jane , Hodges Kevin , Bell Ray , Camp Joanne
Published: October 2014

The U.K. on Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) Weather-Resolving Simulations of Climate for Global Environmental Risk (UPSCALE) project, using PRACE resources, constructed and ran an ensemble of atmosphere-only global climate model simulations, using the Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 3 (GA3) configuration. Each simulation is 27 years in length for both the present climate and an end-of-century future climate, at resolutions of N96 (130 km), N216 (60 km), and N512 (25 km), in order to study the impact of model resolution on high-impact climate features such as tropical cyclones. Increased model resolution is found to improve the simulated frequency of explicitly tracked tropical cyclones, and correlations of interannual variability in the North Atlantic and northwestern Pacific lie between 0.6 and 0.75. Improvements in the deficit of genesis in the eastern North Atlantic as resolution increases appear to be related to the representation of African easterly waves and the African easterly jet. However, the intensity of the modeled tropical cyclones as measured by 10-m wind speed remains weak, and there is no indication of convergence over this range of resolutions. In the future climate ensemble, there is a reduction of 50% in the frequency of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones, whereas in the Northern Hemisphere there is a reduction in the North Atlantic and a shift in the Pacific with peak intensities becoming more common in the central Pacific. There is also a change in tropical cyclone intensities, with the future climate having fewer weak storms and proportionally more strong storms.
Monitoring Agricultural Risk in Canada Using L-Band Passive Microwave Soil Moisture from SMOS
Authors: Champagne Catherine , Davidson Andrew , Cherneski Patrick , L’Heureux Jessika , Hadwen Trevor
Published: October 2014

Soil moisture from Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) passive microwave satellite data was assessed as an information source for identifying regions experiencing climate-related agricultural risk for a period from 2010 to 2013. Both absolute soil moisture and soil moisture anomalies compared to a 4-yr SMOS satellite baseline were used in the assessment. The 4-yr operational period of SMOS was wetter than the 30-yr climate normal in many locations, particularly in the late summer for most regions and in the spring for the province of Manitoba. This leads to a somewhat unrepresentative baseline that skews anomaly measures at different parts of the growing season. SMOS soil moisture does, however, show a clear trend where extremes are present, with drier-than-average conditions during periods that drought and dry soil risks were identified and wetter-than-average conditions when flooding and excess moisture were present. Areas where extreme weather events caused crop losses were identifiable using SMOS soil moisture, both at the provincial and regional scales. The variability in soil moisture between at-risk areas and normal areas is very small but consistent, both geographically and over time, making SMOS a good real-time indicator for risk assessment.
Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of HIWRAP Observations of Hurricane Karl (2010) from the Unmanned Global Hawk Aircraft
Authors: Sippel Jason A. , Zhang Fuqing , Weng Yonghui , Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M. , Braun Scott A.
Published: October 2014

This study utilizes an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assess the impact of assimilating observations of Hurricane Karl from the High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP). HIWRAP is a new Doppler radar on board the NASA Global Hawk unmanned airborne system, which has the benefit of a 24–26-h flight duration, or about 2–3 times that of a conventional aircraft. The first HIWRAP observations were taken during NASA’s Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment in 2010. Observations considered here are Doppler velocity (Vr) and Doppler-derived velocity–azimuth display (VAD) wind profiles (VWPs). Karl is the only hurricane to date for which HIWRAP data are available. Assimilation of either Vr or VWPs has a significant positive impact on the EnKF analyses and forecasts of Hurricane Karl. Analyses are able to accurately estimate Karl’s observed location, maximum intensity, size, precipitation distribution, and vertical structure. In addition, forecasts initialized from the EnKF analyses are much more accurate than a forecast without assimilation. The forecasts initialized from VWP-assimilating analyses perform slightly better than those initialized from Vr-assimilating analyses, and the latter are less accurate than EnKF-initialized forecasts from a recent proof-of-concept study with simulated data. Likely causes for this discrepancy include the quality and coverage of the HIWRAP data collected from Karl and the presence of model error in this real-data situation. The advantages of assimilating VWP data likely include the ability to simultaneously constrain both components of the horizontal wind and to circumvent reliance upon vertical velocity error covariance.
Representation of the Subgrid-Scale Turbulent Transport in Convective Boundary Layers at Gray-Zone Resolutions
Authors: Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Hong Song-You
Published: October 2014

Parameterization of the unresolved vertical transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is one of the key physics algorithms in atmospheric models. This study attempts to represent the subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent transport in convective boundary layers (CBLs) at gray-zone resolutions by investigating the effects of grid-size dependency in the vertical heat transport parameterization for CBL simulations. The SGS transport profile is parameterized based on the 2013 conceptual derivation by Shin and Hong. First, nonlocal transport via strong updrafts and local transport via the remaining small-scale eddies are separately calculated. Second, the SGS nonlocal transport is formulated by multiplying a grid-size dependency function with the total nonlocal transport profile fit to the large-eddy simulation (LES) output. Finally, the SGS local transport is formulated by multiplying a grid-size dependency function with the total local transport profile, which is calculated using an eddy-diffusivity formula. The new algorithm is evaluated against the LES output and compared with a conventional nonlocal PBL parameterization.

For ideal CBL cases, by considering the scale dependency in the parameterized vertical heat transport, improvements over the conventional nonlocal K-profile model appear in mean profiles, resolved and SGS vertical transport profiles with their grid-size dependency, and the energy spectrum. Real-case simulations for convective rolls show that the simulated roll structures are more robust with stronger intensity when the new algorithm is used.
The concept of migratory careers: Elements for a new theoretical perspective of contemporary human mobility
Authors: Martiniello Marco , Rea Andrea
Published: October 2014

The article offers a relatively new theoretical framework articulating macro, meso and micro levels of analysis of the migration process, which often are disconnected in the sociology of migration. This alternative approach rests on the classical sociological concept of career. The concept of migratory career integrates structures of opportunities, individual characteristics and networks to make sense of the migratory experience. This concept helps us to fill the gap between scholars of migration and people’s movement on the one hand, and scholars of integration and incorporation in the new country, on the other hand. Migratory career must be considered as an additional concept to the traditional concepts such as integration, assimilation or incorporation, which are mainly focused on the situation of migrants in the receiving country. Furthermore, the use of the concept of migratory career allows to connect the theoretical thinking on migration to mainstream sociological theories.
The nearest relative and s 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 again
Authors: Andoh Benjamin
Published: October 2014

The nearest relatives of mental patients play an important role. They refer them informally or formally (by making an application for their admission) to hospital; they are consulted about applications for admission for treatment under s 3 of the Mental Health Act (made by Approved Mental Health Professionals); they can order, subject to a medical veto, the discharge of some compulsorily detained patients; they make applications to the Mental Health Review Tribunal, etc. However, choosing which is the nearest relative for this purpose is not open to even a competent mental patient but has to be selected from a prescribed list under s 26 of the Mental Health Act 1983 though a patient can initiate proceedings to displace their statutory “nearest relative”. This has resulted in court cases, most recently JT v United Kingdom [2000] 1 FLR 909. Further, when an application for treatment under s 3 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is made by an Approved Mental Health Professional, s 11(4) of the Act requires that applicant, first, to consult with the patient’s nearest relative. This issue arose in TW v Enfield LBC [2014] EWCA Civ. 362. This paper considers and comments on these and other issues and identifies two unsatisfactory features of the law and makes recommendations for reform.
Mutual Influences Between Parental Psychological Distress and Alcohol Use and Child Problem Behavior in a Cohort of Urban African Americans
Authors: Zebrak Katarzyna A. , Green Kerry M.
Published: October 2014

Parental psychological distress, parental alcohol involvement, and child/adolescent behavior problems frequently occur together with deleterious effects on individuals and families. Extant evidence suggests that parental and child problems are related; however, less is known about the patterns and directions of their relationships over time, particularly among African Americans. This study examined mutual influences between parental psychological distress and alcohol use, and child/adolescent problem behavior over a 10-year period ( N = 459), using data from a prospective cohort study of urban African Americans. Using structural equation modeling, we found statistically significant effects between young adult parents’ alcohol use and later adolescent problem behavior, as well as child problem behavior and parental alcohol use 10 years later, even after taking into account potential extraneous influences. Findings also demonstrated continuity in parental and child behaviors over time, and several contemporaneous associations. These findings have potential implications for intervention planning among African American families.
From inertia to innovation
Authors: Shaffer Roberta I.
Published: October 2014

As the Information Age has given rise to the Intelligence Age, institutions of all kinds are challenged to adopt a culture of constant innovation. Innovation is the broad term and includes the concepts of invention, ingenuity, and improvisation. Organizations go through a process of inquiry, instigation, insight, initiation, imagination and inspiration, and inlightenment to ultimately achieve innovation. However, the road to full innovation offers many options like creating an incubator or being iterative, instantaneous, incomplete, or infectious in approach to innovating. To begin the innovative process, organizations must be willing to look at all aspects of their operations, make long-term commitments to funding, accept the possibility of some failure, and look seriously at their missions, value systems and value propositions. Organizations that are insular, inflexible, in-bred, insincere about innovating, insecure in their ability to deliver, and operate independently are more likely to disappear or diminish in their influence because their environment and culture will not sustain innovation.
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
Authors: Berthiaume Guy , Ryan Pascale
Published: October 2014

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (known by its acronym, BAnQ) is a relative newcomer to the city and is in many respects unique, at least among the library and information community. Born from the successive merging of three institutions, it inherited their respective mandates that would form the heart of its mission: the mandates of a national library, national archives and public library. There can be no doubt that this merger was central to the institution’s originality and forms the basis of its innovative initiatives. A Québec government corporation under Québec’s Ministry of Culture and Communications (ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec), BAnQ’s three-fold mission is to acquire, permanently preserve and promote Québec’s heritage materials. Among other similar Canadian provincial institutions, it is the only one that has the mandate of a national library, while Library and Archives Canada fulfills that role for the country as a whole.
Innovation as a strategic choice at the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Altenhöner Reinhard , Junger Ulrike , Schwens Ute
Published: October 2014

Like libraries and librarianship in general, the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB) has in recent years been confronted with technology-driven changes in the information environment. These changes mean a considerable challenge in terms of the mandate of the DNB and the way to fulfill it. To cite one important example: how will DNB deal with a collection mandate extended to digital publications of all kinds, including the obligation to record these publications and make them available for current and future generations? How does it manage to remain a highly visible lighthouse in the seas of data and information? This will not happen accidentically, but will be the result of careful planning, determined actions, and continuous monitoring, based on a clear strategy and a systematic approach, and it means that processes and functions will have to be revised, terminated or newly established. The DNB has always considered itself as an innovative institution – the necessity to be open for recurring innovations and to initiate such developments has become more and more urgent. The DNB has, therefore, started a strategic process in 2013 to respond to this requirement. This process is new to the institution and its members and demands a lot of learning and preparation. A major first step was the definition of strategic goals for the years 2013 to 2016, complemented by a project for organizational development. These goals help the DNB to focus itself and they serve as a guideline for prioritizing projects and tasks. Examples for strategic priorities are a substantial increase in the collection of digital and web resources, development and implementation of automated cataloguing processes, stepping up digitization efforts, and building up an infrastructure for long-term preservation of digital content. However, there are other areas to be attended to and other challenges to be met – the strategic process and the organizational development are, for DNB, tools to continuously follow-up on innovation. This article intends to address the topic coming from two directions: On the one hand we describe the process development in DNB, and on the other hand we name examples and working areas, which might be relevant factors to successfully master the future.
Risk Factors for Short-term Adverse Events and Readmission After Arthroscopic Meniscectomy
Authors: Basques Bryce A. , Gardner Elizabeth C. , Varthi Arya G. , Fu Michael C. , Bohl Daniel D. , Golinvaux Nicholas S. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: October 2014

Background:

Recent studies have questioned the efficacy of meniscectomy in older patients with and without evidence of osteoarthritis; however, it continues to be frequently performed. There is limited information about age and other risk factors for adverse events and readmission after the procedure. This knowledge is vital to understand the true risk profile of this common surgery.

Purpose:

To investigate if age and medical comorbidities were risk factors for postoperative adverse events and readmission after meniscectomy.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy between 2005 and 2012 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. Age ≥65 years and medical comorbidities were evaluated as risk factors for any adverse event (AAE), severe adverse events (SAEs), and readmission after meniscectomy using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

A total of 17,774 patients who underwent meniscectomy were identified. The mean age was 53.0 ± 13.6 years. A total of 3420 patients (19.2%) were ≥65 years. Overall, 208 patients (1.17%) had AAE, 203 patients (1.14%) had an SAE, and 102 patients were readmitted (0.97%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated no significant differences between age groups for the occurrence of AAE, SAEs, and readmission. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3 had increased odds of AAE (odds ratio [OR], 1.58), SAEs (OR, 1.59), and readmission (OR, 1.99). Patients with diabetes had increased odds of AAE (OR, 1.57) and SAEs (OR, 1.51). Smokers had increased odds of readmission (OR, 1.67). Patients with pulmonary disease had increased odds of AAE (OR, 1.76) and SAEs (OR, 1.70).

Conclusion:

Meniscectomy is a safe procedure in older patients, as age over 65 years did not increase the odds of any of the adverse events studied. However, regardless of age, patients with an increased comorbidity burden and those with a history of smoking are at increased risk of adverse events and/or readmission after the procedure.

Clinical Relevance:

Knowledge of these risk factors for adverse events and readmission provides essential information for patient selection and preoperative counseling.
Psychometric Properties of the Teacher-Reported Motor Skills Rating Scale
Authors: Kim Helyn , Murrah William M. , Cameron Claire E. , Brock Laura L. , Cottone Elizabeth A. , Grissmer David
Published: October 2014

Children’s early motor competence is associated with social development and academic achievement. However, few studies have examined teacher reports of children’s motor skills. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Motor Skills Rating Scale (MSRS), a 19-item measure of children’s teacher-reported motor skills in the classroom. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) support the validity of the three-factor structure of MSRS. The subscales of the MSRS were also associated with child academic and behavioral outcomes, with differences in the associations depending on the subscale. Only the Classroom Fine Motor skills subscale was uniquely associated with academic knowledge and mathematics achievement, whereas Body Awareness and Shapes and Letters were not significantly associated with either of the academic outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Patients With Advanced Dementia or Near End of Life
Authors: Schwartz Denise Baird , Barrocas Albert , Wesley John R. , Kliger Gustavo , Pontes‐Arruda Alessandro , Márquez Humberto Arenas , James Rosemarie Lembo , Monturo Cheryl , Lysen Lucinda K. , DiTucci Angela
Published: October 2014

Based on current scientific literature, gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement or other long‐term enteral access devices should be withheld in patients with advanced dementia or other near end‐of‐life conditions. In many instances healthcare providers are not optimally equipped to implement this recommendation at the bedside. Autonomy of the patient or surrogate decision maker should be respected, as should the patient's cultural, religious, social, and emotional value system. Clinical practice needs to address risks, burdens, benefits, and expected short‐term and long‐term outcomes in order to clarify practice changes. This paper recommends a change in clinical practice and care strategy based on the results of a thorough literature review and provides tools for healthcare clinicians, particularly in the hospital setting, including an algorithm for decision making and a checklist to use prior to the placement of G‐tubes or other long‐term enteral access devices. Integrating concepts of patient‐centered care, shared decision making, health literacy, and the teach‐back method of education enhances the desired outcome of ethical dilemma prevention. The goal is advance care planning and a timely consensus among health team members, family members, and significant others regarding end‐of‐life care for patients who do not have an advance directive and lack the capacity to advocate for themselves. Achieving this goal requires interdisciplinary collaboration and proactive planning within a supportive healthcare institution environment.
Adult Weight Loss Diets
Authors: Matarese Laura E. , Pories Walter J.
Published: October 2014

The global prevalence of overweight and obesity as a public health concern is well established and reflects the overall lack of success in our ability to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. Being overweight and obese is associated with numerous comorbidities and is a risk factor for several of the leading causes of death, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and many types of cancer. The foundation of treatment has been diet and exercise. There are >1,000 published weight loss diets, with more appearing in the lay literature and the media on a regular basis. The sheer number of existing diet regimens would suggest that no one diet has been universally successful at inducing and maintaining weight loss. Many of these dietary programs are based on sound scientific evidence and follow contemporary principles of weight loss. Others simply eliminate 1 or more of the essential food groups or recommend consumption of 1 type of food at the expense of other foods with little to no supporting evidence. The focus of this review is on weight loss diets, specifically those with the most supporting scientific evidence and those that are most likely to succeed in achievement and maintenance of desirable body weight. The effects of weight loss diets on energy expenditure, body weight, body composition, and metabolic parameters will be evaluated. Ultimately, the best diet is the one the patient will follow and incorporate into his or her daily life for lifelong maintenance of a healthy body weight.
Influence of biosafe amino acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the morphology and thermal properties of the poly(amide–imide) nanocomposites containing N,N′-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-S-valine segments
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Abdolmaleki Amir , Rostami Maryam
Published: October 2014

In this study, S-valine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs)/poly(amide–imide) (PAI) bionanocomposites (BNC)s were prepared by a simple ultrasonication-assisted solution blending process. First, carboxylated MWCNTs were functionalized with S-valine to achieve a fine dispersion of f-MWCNT bundles in the PAI matrix due to hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interaction between f-MWCNTs and polymer functional groups and aromatic moieties. The existence of S-valine as a biodegradable segment in both f-MWCNTs and optically active PAI provided potentially biodegradable nanocomposites and caused compatibility between f-MWCNTs and the polymer matrix. The obtained BNCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM and FESEM images confirmed good dispersion of f-MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. The results of TGA and XRD analysis suggested that a good thermal stability and dispersion occurred especially with low filler amounts (5 wt%) of f-MWCNTs.
Stages of Decline
Authors: Levine Ari Daniel
Published: October 2014

After the fall of the Northern Song [Formula: see text] (960–1127) capital of Kaifeng [Formula: see text] to Jurchen invaders in 1127, diasporic literati of the Southern Song dynasty [Formula: see text] (1127–1279) recreated and revisited its lost sites through textual commemoration, especially in memorabilia literature (biji [Formula: see text], lit. ‘brush notes’). As knowledge of the city passed from communicative memory into cultural memory, its decline and destruction became the focus of nostalgia and indignation for Yue Ke [Formula: see text] (1183–1234), the author of the Pillar Histories (Ting shi [Formula: see text]), a collection of counter-narratives of Northern Song history that expressed the shared experience of social trauma induced by dynastic collapse. Disconnected from their spatial context and even from historical fact, the city’s memory sites became stages for amoralistic declension narrative, in which the city’s destruction and occupation was assumed to have been instigated by the decadence of the imperial court of the passive Emperor Huizong [Formula: see text] (r. 1100–26) and his ‘nefarious ministers’. The most colourful elements of Yue’s ludic and fantastical narratives became the focus of his indignation, which encouraged his readers to denounce the traitors who had betrayed the empire by inviting the Jurchen invasion. In the Pillar Histories, Yue deployed textual imaginaries of nostalgia as forms of resistance by re-contesting the past events that led to dynastic collapse. By reconstructing the city in the cultural memory of his fellow diasporic literati, Yue was creating a vision of an ideal political, cultural and moral community that once existed at the dynasty’s inception, and might be reconstituted in the future, if and when Song subjects recaptured their lost homeland.
‘Conversion of the Barbarians’ [Huahu ] Discourse as Proto Han Nationalism
Authors: Raz Gil
Published: October 2014

In the early medieval period, many Chinese viewed the growing popularity of Buddhism, and the rapid integration of Buddhism into Chinese religious life, as a challenge to their own civilisation. A major aspect of the resistance to the growing dominance of Buddhism was a discourse known as the ‘conversion of the barbarians’. This basic narrative of this discourse claimed that Laozi had journeyed west to India where he either became the Buddha or taught the Buddha. This discourse, which was elaborated in several Daoist texts into complex cosmological and mytho-historical narratives thus asserted the primacy of Daoism and relegated Buddhism to a secondary teaching, inferior to Daoism, suitable for ‘barbarians’ but not for Chinese.

 This article discusses the development of this discourse, focusing on texts written by Daoists during the fifth century when this discourse was particularly vehement. In this article I will show that this discourse was not merely resistant to Buddhism, but was also critical of various Daoist groups that had accepted Buddhist ideas and practices. Significantly, this discourse associated Daoism with the essence of Chinese civilisation, rather than as a distinct teaching.
Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows
Authors: Ong Chee Bing , Herdt Thomas H. , Fitzgerald Scott D.
Published: October 2014

Iodine excess and resultant hyperplastic goiter are well documented in neonatal ruminants, but little is reported on iodine excess in adult ruminants and associated histological changes of the thyroid gland. Two adult Holstein cows from a Michigan dairy herd that had lost several other animals had nonspecific clinical signs of illness and were submitted for necropsy. Thyroid glands of one of these 2 animals were grossly and markedly enlarged, and histologically, thyroid glands from both animals had regions of cystic nodular hyperplasia and follicular atrophy. Thyroid glands from both animals had markedly elevated iodine concentrations. Investigation into the potential source of excessive iodine on the farm revealed multiple sources of supplemental dietary iodine and probable uneven feed and mineral mixing. Based on the findings of this investigation, adult cattle could be susceptible to excessive doses of iodine. Possibility of previous iodine deficiency before supplementation period, with subsequent development and persistence of thyroid hyperplasia and cystic change, cannot be completely excluded. Current findings suggested that iodine excess in adult cattle can result in nodular hyperplastic goiter. Use of iodized salt in mineral supplements in adult dairy herds is common practice, and accidental excessive iodine supplement may be more common than reported. Recognizing gross and histological thyroid gland changes, consisting of concurrent cystic follicular hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrosis should raise suspicion of iodine excess and/or prior deficiency in a cattle herd, and ancillary tests such as serum iodine measurements should be part of the diagnostic workup in suspected cases.
Preparing Heart and Mind for Becoming a Parent Following a Diagnosis of Fetal Anomaly
Authors: McKechnie Anne Chevalier , Pridham Karen , Tluczek Audrey
Published: October 2014

Using a cross-sectional, grounded dimensional analysis study design, we collected demographic and health information and conducted telephone interviews with 37 expectant parents of 26 fetuses within 25 families. We describe a theoretical model with a core process of preparing heart and mind for becoming a parent following a diagnosis of fetal anomaly. The process of preparing was influenced by fetal and future child health, experiences of previous loss, and social interactions within both new and familiar settings. Expectant parents reported varying turning points and strategies associated with three distinct trajectories of relating to the fetus or “baby” yet to be born. These relational trajectories include claiming the child as one’s own, delaying the connection to the fetus, and doing the routine of pregnancy. With the findings presented in this article, we extend the understanding of how parenting develops during pregnancy in the context of a fetal anomaly.
Same Agency, Different Teams
Authors: Lysaght Hurley Susan , Barg Frances K. , Strumpf Neville , Ersek Mary
Published: October 2014

Tremendous growth in hospice over the past 30 years in the United States has increased the number of terminally ill patients dying at home. Recently, however, more hospice patients are dying at inpatient facilities. To understand the varying perceptions about care in the home and inpatient hospice, we conducted semistructured interviews with 24 interdisciplinary team (IDT) members and analyzed the data using the constant comparative method. Core interdisciplinary tasks, including identifying the focus of energy, tailoring family caregiver involvement, acknowledging who is in charge, and knowing both sides differed in the home and inpatient settings. Despite the overarching umbrella of hospice care, home and inpatient hospice settings create different foci for IDT members, burdens and privileges for family caregivers, and control of the care plan. Key differences between home and inpatient hospice processes of care highlight the complexity of patient-centered end-of-life care in the United States.
A Review of the Construct of Demoralization
Authors: Robinson Sophie , Kissane David W. , Brooker Joanne , Burney Susan
Published: October 2014

Demoralization has been the subject of discussion in relation to end-of-life care. It is characterized by hopelessness and helplessness due to a loss of purpose and meaning. The purpose of this review was to consolidate the conceptual understanding of demoralization and argue for its existence as a psychiatric syndrome. The history of the construct is explored, including the nature of existential distress and related psychological conditions that precipitate demoralization. Recent definitions of demoralization are described and differentiated from similar constructs. Future directions are highlighted, specifically in relation to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of demoralization in palliative care. Overall, demoralization is a clinically useful construct for those facing existential threat, guiding the clinician toward efforts to restore morale, meaning, and purpose.