bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating lipids as a source of chemical exchange‐induced MRI frequency shifts
Authors: Shmueli K. , Dodd S. J. , van Gelderen P. , Duyn J. H.
Published: April 2016

While magnetic susceptibility is a major contributor to NMR resonance frequency variations in the human brain, a substantial contribution may come from the chemical exchange of protons between water and other molecules. Exchange‐induced frequency shifts fe have been measured in tissue and protein solutions, but relatively lipid‐rich white matter (WM) has a larger fe than gray matter, suggesting that lipids could contribute. Galactocerebrosides (GC) are a prime candidate as they are abundant in WM and susceptible to exchange. To investigate this, fe was measured in a model of WM lipid membranes in the form of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), consisting of a 1:2 molar ratio of GC and phospholipids (POPC), and in MLVs with POPC only. Chemical shift imaging with 15% volume fraction of dioxane, an internal reference whose protons are assumed not to undergo chemical exchange, was used to remove susceptibility‐induced frequency shifts in an attempt to measure fe in MLVs at several lipid concentrations. Initial analysis of these measurements indicated a necessity to correct for small unexpected variations in dioxane concentration due to its effect on the water frequency shift. To achieve this, the actual dioxane concentration was inferred from spectral analysis and its additional contribution to fe was removed through separate experiments which showed that the water–dioxane frequency shift depended linearly on the dioxane concentration at low concentrations with a proportionality constant of –0.021 ± 0.002 ppb/mM in agreement with published experiments. Contrary to expectations and uncorrected results, for GC + POPC vesicles, the dependence of the corrected fe on GC concentration was insignificant (0.023 ± 0.037 ppb/mM; r2 = 0.085, p > 0.57), whereas for the POPC‐only vesicles a small but significant linear increase with POPC concentration was found: 0.044 ± 0.008 ppb/mM (r2 = 0.877, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the exchange‐induced contribution of lipids to frequency contrast in WM may be small. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Surviving local government policy intervention: the case of embedded markets within a historical cultural cluster
Authors: Zhuang Yuting Jane , Everett André M.
Published: April 2016

China's name derives from “china” (porcelain), and “China” (pronounced as “Changnan”) is the former name of Jingdezhen, the capital city of porcelain—through whose exports of “blue‐and‐white” china the country gained international renown. The 2200‐year‐old porcelain cluster in Jingdezhen has survived through multiple empires with distinct policies towards the development of the city's dominant industry. This in‐depth case study examines interactions between local government and the business community to discover the effectiveness of policies and the perception of those policies by entrepreneurs through qualitative research employing Grounded Theory methodology. The centralized institutional structure in China contributes significantly to the findings of a total split of “government action” from “public perception” and leads to new considerations for policy‐makers to redesign their economic development strategies and plans to engender real effects in the desired direction. This paper also provides an exemplary lesson for historical cultural clusters seeking to escape from unfavorable policy interference. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doubled geometry and corrections
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Gaddam Nava , Zwiebach Barton
Published: April 2016

We review the construction of a duality‐invariant higher‐derivative theory based on a doubled metric. This theory incorporates the corrections needed in the Green‐Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism. We note recent progress in elucidating the structure of the theory. This article is largely based on the plenary talk given by B. Zwiebach at “The String Theory Universe”, 21st European String Workshop, Leuven, September 7‐11, 2015.
Semi‐synthesis of a tag‐free O‐GlcNAcylated tau protein by sequential chemoselective ligation
Authors: Schwagerus Sergej , Reimann Oliver , Despres Clement , Smet‐Nocca Caroline , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the first semi‐synthesis of the Alzheimer‐relevant tau protein carrying an O‐GlcNAcylation is demonstrated by using sequential chemoselective ligation. The 52‐amino acid C‐terminus of tau was obtained by native chemical ligation between two synthetic peptide fragments, one carrying the O‐GlcNAc moiety on Ser400, which has recently been demonstrated to inhibit tau phosphorylation and to hinder tau oligomerization, and the other equipped with a photocleavable biotin handle. After desulfurization to deliver a native alanine at the ligation junction, the N‐terminal cysteine was unmasked, and the peptide was further used for expressed protein ligation to generate the full‐length tau protein, which was purified by a photocleavable biotin tag. We thus provide a synthetic route to obtain a homogenous tag‐free O‐GlcNAcylated tau protein that can further help to elucidate the significance of posttranslational modification on the tau protein and pave the way for evaluating possible drug targets in Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the structure–activity relationship of endogenous histone deacetylase complexes with immobilized peptide‐inhibitors
Authors: Sindlinger Julia , Bierlmeier Jan , Geiger Lydia‐Christina , Kramer Katharina , Finkemeier Iris , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: April 2016

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of numerous cellular proteins by removing acetylation marks from modified lysine residues. Peptide‐based HDAC probes containing α‐aminosuberic acid ω‐hydroxamate have been established as useful tools for investigating substrate selectivity and composition of endogenous HDAC complexes in cellular lysates. Here we report a structure–activity study of potential HDAC‐probes containing derivatives of the hydroxamate moieties. While most of these probes did not recruit significant amounts of endogenous HDACs from cellular lysates, peptides containing Nε‐acetyl‐Nε‐hydroxy‐L‐lysine served as HDAC probe. The recruitment efficiency varied between HDACs and was generally lower than that of α‐aminosuberic acid ω‐hydroxamate probes, but showed a similar global interaction profile. These findings indicate that Nε‐acetyl‐Nε‐hydroxy‐L‐lysine might be a useful tool for investigations on HDAC complexes and the development of HDAC inhibitors. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output feedback sliding‐mode control with unmatched disturbances, an ISS approach
Authors: Aparicio Andrea , Castaños Fernando , Fridman Leonid
Published: April 2016

The robustness properties of a first‐order sliding‐mode controller are combined with those of an added linear term in order to obtain a closed loop that shows input‐to‐state stability with respect to matched and unmatched disturbances, of which an upper bound might not be known, using only output information. The output under consideration can have any relative degree. Also, a transformation of the state into a novel output normal form is presented. The zero dynamics are considered unstable and perturbed, so a methodology for defining an observer and a virtual control for it is presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Moderate and Extreme Flow Regulation on Populus Growth along the Green and Yampa Rivers, Colorado and Utah
Authors: Schook D. M. , Carlson E. A. , Sholtes J. S. , Cooper D. J.
Published: April 2016

River regulation induces immediate and chronic changes to floodplain ecosystems. We analysed both short‐term and prolonged effects of river regulation on the growth patterns of the keystone riparian tree species Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) at three upper Colorado River Basin rivers having different magnitudes of flow regulation. We compared cottonwood basal area increment on (i) the regulated Upper Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam; (ii) the adjacent free‐flowing Yampa River; and (iii) the partially regulated Lower Green River below their confluence. Our goal was to identify the hydrologic and climatic variables most influential to tree growth under different flow regimes. A dendrochronological analysis of 182 trees revealed a long‐term (37 years) trend of declining growth during the post‐dam period on the Upper Green, but trees on the partially regulated Lower Green maintained growth rates similar to those on the reference Yampa River. Mean annual, mean growing season, and peak annual discharges were the multicollinear flow variables most correlated to growth during both pre‐dam and post‐dam periods at all sites. Annual precipitation was also highly correlated with tree growth, but precipitation occurring during the growing season was poorly correlated with tree growth, even under full river regulation conditions. This indicates that cottonwoods rely primarily on groundwater recharged by river flows. Our results illustrate the complex and prolonged effects of flow regulation on floodplain forests, and suggest that flow regulation designed to simulate specific aspects of flow regimes, particularly peak flows, may promote the persistence of these ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal Variability in Hydrochemistry and Zooplankton Community of a Large River: A Lagrangian‐Based Approach
Authors: Bertani I. , Del Longo M. , Pecora S. , Rossetti G.
Published: April 2016

The variability in water quality and zooplankton community structure during downstream transport was investigated in the Po river (Italy) using for the first time a Lagrangian sampling approach. Two surveys were conducted, one in spring under relatively high discharge levels, and one at low flows in summer. Twelve stations along a 332‐km stretch of the river's lowland reach and four major tributaries were sampled. A hydrodynamic modelling system was used to determine water transport time along the river, with a satisfying fit between simulated and observed discharge values. No clear downstream trend in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations was found. Conversely, a marked longitudinal decrease in dissolved silica supports the hypothesis of increasing downstream silica limitation during the phytoplankton growing season.

In spring, at low residence time, no apparent plankton growth was observed during downstream transport. In summer, higher temperatures and lower turbulence and turbidity associated with longer residence time stimulated algal growth and in‐stream reproduction of fast‐growing rotifer taxa, with the gradual downstream development of a truly potamal assemblage and the increase of the ratio of euplanktonic to littoral/epibenthic rotifer taxa. Crustacean zooplankton density was generally low. The importance of biotic interactions within the zooplankton in driving community abundance and composition appeared to increase in the downstream direction, paralleled by a decrease in the influence of physical forcing. Tributary influence was especially evident where severe anthropogenic alterations of river hydrology and trophic status resulted in enhanced plankton growth, ultimately affecting zooplankton structure in the main river. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Correlates of Surveillance Events Detected by National Healthcare Safety Network Pneumonia and Lower Respiratory Infection Definitions—Pennsylvania, 2011–2012
Authors: See Isaac , Chang Julia , Gualandi Nicole , Buser Genevieve L. , Rohrbach Pamela , Smeltz Debra A. , Bellush Mary Jo , Coffin Susan E. , Gould Jane M. , Hess Debra , Hennessey Patricia , Hubbard Sydney , Kiernan Andrea , O’Donnell Judith , Pegues David A. , Miller Jeffrey R. , Magill Shelley S.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

To determine the clinical diagnoses associated with the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) pneumonia (PNEU) or lower respiratory infection (LRI) surveillance events

DESIGN

Retrospective chart review

SETTING

A convenience sample of 8 acute-care hospitals in Pennsylvania

PATIENTS

All patients hospitalized during 2011–2012

METHODS

Medical records were reviewed from a random sample of patients reported to the NHSN to have PNEU or LRI, excluding adults with ventilator-associated PNEU. Documented clinical diagnoses corresponding temporally to the PNEU and LRI events were recorded.

RESULTS

We reviewed 250 (30%) of 838 eligible PNEU and LRI events reported to the NHSN; 29 reported events (12%) fulfilled neither PNEU nor LRI case criteria. Differences interpreting radiology reports accounted for most misclassifications. Of 81 PNEU events in adults not on mechanical ventilation, 84% had clinician-diagnosed pneumonia; of these, 25% were attributed to aspiration. Of 43 adult LRI, 88% were in mechanically ventilated patients and 35% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis (infectious or noninfectious) documented at the time of LRI. Of 36 pediatric PNEU events, 72% were ventilator associated, and 70% corresponded to a clinical pneumonia diagnosis. Of 61 pediatric LRI patients, 84% were mechanically ventilated and 21% had no corresponding clinical diagnosis documented.

CONCLUSIONS

In adults not on mechanical ventilation and in children, most NHSN-defined PNEU events corresponded with compatible clinical conditions documented in the medical record. In contrast, NHSN LRI events often did not. As a result, substantial modifications to the LRI definitions were implemented in 2015.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:818–824
Impact of an Automated Surveillance to Detect Surgical-Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Brazil
Authors: Perdiz Luciana B. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Furtado Guilherme H. , Medeiros Eduardo A. S.
Published: April 2016

In this retrospective study, we compared automated surveillance with conventional surveillance to detect surgical site infection after primary total hip or knee arthroplasty. Automated surveillance demonstrated better efficacy than routine surveillance in SSI diagnosis, sensitivity, and predictive negative value in hip and knee arthroplasty.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:991–993
Drop impact on a solid surface: short-time self-similarity
Authors: Philippi Julien , Lagrée Pierre-Yves , Antkowiak Arnaud
Published: April 2016

The early stages of drop impact onto a solid surface are considered. Detailed numerical simulations and detailed asymptotic analysis of the process reveal a self-similar structure both for the velocity field and the pressure field. The latter is shown to exhibit a maximum not near the impact point, but rather at the contact line. The motion of the contact line is furthermore shown to exhibit a ‘tank-treading’ motion. These observations are apprehended with the help of a variant of Wagner theory for liquid impact. This framework offers a simple analogy where the fluid motion within the impacting drop may be viewed as the flow induced by a flat rising expanding disk. The theoretical predictions are found to be in very close agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively with the numerical observations for approximately three decades in time. Interestingly, the inviscid self-similar impact pressure and velocities are shown to depend solely on the self-similar variables $(r/\sqrt{t},z/\sqrt{t})$. The structure of the boundary layer developing along the wet substrate is investigated as well. It is found to be in first approximation analogous to the boundary layer growing in the trail of a shockwave. Interestingly, the corresponding boundary layer structure only depends on the impact self-similar variables. This allows us to construct a seamless uniform analytical approximation encompassing both impact and viscous effects. The depiction of the different dynamical fields enables to quantitatively predict observables of interest, such as the evolution of the integral viscous shearing force and of the net normal force.
Defining trigonometric functions via complex sequences
Authors: Gustavsson Jan , Sundqvist Mikael P.
Published: April 2016

In the literature we find several different ways of introducing elementary functions. For the exponential function, we mention the following ways of characterising the exponential function:

(a)

(b) , also for complex values of x;

(c) x → exp (x) is the unique solution to the initial value problem [4]

(d) x → exp (x) is the inverse of

(e)x → exp (x) is the unique continuous function satisfying the

functional equation f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) and f(0) = 1 [6]; the corresponding definition is done for the logarithm in [7];

(f) Define dr for rational r, and then use a continuity/density argument [8].

All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. We like (a) and (c), mostly because they have natural interpretations, (a) in the setting of compound interest and (c) being a simple model of many processes in physics and other sciences, but also because they are related to methods and ideas that are (usually) introduced rather early to the students.
Building the Entertainment Machine: Charles L. Mee's Time to Burn and the Performance of Postindustrial Decay in Chicago
Authors: Krall Aaron
Published: April 2016

During his first mayoral campaign in January 1989, Richard M. Daley insisted that “Everybody talks about bringing manufacturing back. There aren't going to be any more soap factories on Clybourn Avenue[.] … The city is changing. You're not going to bring manufacturing back.” Although this was a controversial statement at the time and Mayor Daley later embraced promanufacturing policies, it reflected an awareness of a fundamental economic shift in Chicago. By the late 1980s, the city had lost over half of its post–World War II manufacturing jobs, and companies were continuing to leave the city for more space, lower taxes, and a less expensive labor force. In fact, only months after Daley's comments, Procter & Gamble announced that it would close its fifty-nine-year-old soap plant at 1232 West North Avenue on the North Branch of the Chicago River, eliminating 275 manufacturing jobs in the process. Deindustrialization was under way, causing anxiety for politicians and pain for factory workers, but a new economy that was focused on real estate, finance, and culture was emerging in Chicago.
An Interview with David Henry Hwang
Authors: Young Harvey
Published: April 2016

Since winning wide acclaim and a Tony Award for his play M. Butterfly in 1988, David Henry Hwang (Fig. 1) has remained one of the brightest luminaries in American theatre. A playwright, screenwriter, and librettist, he regularly tells stories that center on complex characters and reveal their experiences with Western imperialism, American racism, and cross-generational family differences. His works include the plays FOB, Golden Child, Yellow Face, Chinglish, and Kung Fu; the revised book for the 2002 Broadway revival of the Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical Flower Drum Song; and, most recently, episodes of the television series The Affair. In this interview, Hwang reflects on the longevity of East West Players, comments on today's culture wars, and shares his perspective on the current state of Asian American theatre.
Political Theatre in Europe: East to West, 2007–2014
Authors: Shevtsova Maria
Published: April 2016

What political theatre may be in contemporary times and in what sense it is ‘political’ are the core issues of this article. Maria Shevtsova discusses examples from within a restricted period, 2007 to 2014, but from a wide area that begins in Eastern Europe – Russia, Romania, Hungary, Poland – and moves to Germany and France. Her examples are principally productions by established ensemble theatre companies and her analysis is framed by a brief discussion concerning independent theatres, ‘counter-cultural’ positions, and institutional and institutionalized theatres. This latter group is in focus to indicate how political theatre in the seven years specified has been far from alien to, or sidelined from, national theatres, state theatres, or other prestigious companies in receipt of state subsidy. Two main profiles of recent political theatre emerge from this research, one that acknowledges political history, while the other critiques neoliberal capitalism; there is some unpronounced overlap between the two. Productions of Shakespeare feature significantly in the delineated theatrescape. Maria Shevtsova is co-editor of New Theatre Quarterly and Professor of Drama and Theatre Arts at Goldsmiths, University of London. Her most recent book (co-authored) is The Cambridge Introduction to Theatre Directing (2013).
Almost primes in almost all short intervals
Authors: TERÄVÄINEN JONI
Published: April 2016

Let Ek be the set of positive integers having exactly k prime factors. We show that almost all intervals [x, x + log1+ϵx] contain E3 numbers, and almost all intervals [x,x + log3.51x] contain E2 numbers. By this we mean that there are only o(X) integers 1 ⩽ x ⩽ X for which the mentioned intervals do not contain such numbers. The result for E3 numbers is optimal up to the ϵ in the exponent. The theorem on E2 numbers improves a result of Harman, which had the exponent 7 + ϵ in place of 3.51. We also consider general Ek numbers, and find them on intervals whose lengths approach log x as k → ∞.
The Moment and the Future: Kierkegaard's Øieblikket and Soloveitchik's View of Repentance
Authors: Herskowitz Daniel
Published: April 2016

This article addresses the philosophical sources of Soloveitchik's unique account of time and repentance as presented particularly in the second part of Halakhic Man. In the past, thinkers such as Max Scheler, Hermann Cohen, and Henri Bergson have been suggested as sources of influence on Soloveitchik on this account. While the influence of these thinkers is undeniable, a fuller appreciation of the philosophical layers at play is still required. This article aims to show that the event of repentance in Soloveitchik's description is formulated in accordance with Kierkegaard's notion of Øieblikket (the moment), and to discuss the place of Heidegger in Soloveitchik's interpretation of repentance.
HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE WORK OF COMMISSION 4
Authors: Hohenkerk Catherine , Arlot Jean-Eudes , Kaplan George , Bangert John A. , Bell Steven A. , Ferrandiz Jose M. , Fienga Agnes , Folkner William , Lukashova Marina , Pitjeva Elena V. , Soma Mitsuru , Thuillot William , Urban Sean E.
Published: April 2016

Commission 4 was among the first set of commissions formed within the IAU at its founding in 1919. (Commissions were originally called “Standing Committees.”) During its 96 years of service to the IAU and astronomical community in general, the commission has been fortunate to have been led by many distinguished scientists — see the list of presidents below.
DIVISION B COMMISSION 5: DOCUMENTATION AND ASTRONOMICAL DATA
Authors: Hanisch Robert , Wise Michael , Ohishi Masatoshi , Andernach Heinz , Bishop Marsha , Egret Daniel , Griffin Elizabeth , Kembhavi Ajit , Murphy Tara , Pasian Fabio , Schroeder Anja , Tody Douglas
Published: April 2016

IAU Commission 5, Documentation and Astronomical Data, continued its mission of promoting and supporting sound practices of data management, data dissemination, and data preservation over the past three years. The Commission also prepared its proposal for continuation, with some changes in emphasis, after the IAU's commission restructuring program. Below we report on the activities of the various Working Groups and the one Task Force in Commission 5.
DIVISION B COMMISSION 25: ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOMETRY AND POLARIMETRY
Authors: Walker Alistair , Adelman Saul , Milone Eugene , Anthony-Twarog Barbara , Bastien Pierre , Chen Wen Ping , Howell Steve , Knude Jens , Kurtz Donald , Magalhães Antonio Mario , Menzies John , Smith Allyn , Volk Kevin
Published: April 2016

Commission 25 (C25) deals with the techniques and issues involved with the measurement of optical and infrared radiation intensities and polarization from astronomical sources. As such, in recent years attention has focused on photometric standard stars, atmospheric extinction, photometric passbands, transformation between systems, nomenclature, and observing and reduction techniques. At the start of the trimester C25 changed its name from Stellar Photometry and Polarization to Astronomical Photometry and Polarization so as to explicitly include in its mandate particular issues arising from the measurement of resolved sources, given the importance of photometric redshifts of distant galaxies for many of the large photometric surveys now underway. We begin by summarizing commission activities over the 2012-2014 period, follow with a report on Polarimetry, continue with Photometry topics that have been of interest to C25 members, and conclude with a Vision for the Future.
DIVISION C COMMISSION 55: COMMUNICATING ASTRONOMY WITH THE PUBLIC
Authors: Christensen Lars Lindberg , Russo Pedro , Fienberg Richard Tresch , Cheung Sze-leung , Robson Ian , Ödman-Govender Carolina , Arcand Kimberly Kowal , Sekiguchi Kazuhiro , Zhu Jin , Wheeler Pete
Published: April 2016

The IAU Division C Commission 55, Communicating Astronomy with the Public, played an active role in Union affairs within Division C, Education, Outreach and Heritage. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) vested considerable responsibility for its public outreach efforts in Commission 55 (C55), Communicating Astronomy with the Public. This article briefly recounts the origin and history of C55 over the past decade, and describes the work of C55 until it became Division C Commission C.C2 in 2015. As stated on our website, http://www.communicatingastronomy.org, C55 was founded on the principle that “it is the responsibility of every practising astronomer to play some role in explaining the interest and value of science to our real employers, the taxpayers of the world.” While this was true a decade ago, when the Working Group that eventually became C55 first took shape, it is even more true today, when funding for the astronomical sciences (and science more generally) is under threat on nearly every continent.
TRIENNIAL REPORT (2012-2015): THE LEGACY ISSUE
Authors: Pollard Karen , Jeffery Simon , Handler Gerald , Catelan Márcio , Eyer Laurent , Hekker Saskia , Kolenberg Katrien , Mkrtichian David , Kepler S. O. , Stello Dennis , Strassmeier Klaus , Uytterhoeven Katrien
Published: April 2016

The study of variable stars has played a central role in astronomy for over 400 years, and more so in the present than at any time in history. Stars, especially variable stars, are astrophysical laboratories for understanding physical processes in the universe. Stars represent the fundamental components of stellar systems, galaxies and the universe.
DIVISION G COMMISSION 36: THEORY OF STELLAR ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Puls Joachim , Hubeny Ivan , Asplund Martin , Allard France , Prieto Carlos Allende , Ayres Thomas R. , Carlsson Mats , Gustafsson Bengt , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Ryabchikova Tatiana A.
Published: April 2016

Different from previous triennial reports, this report covers the activities of IAU Commission 36 ‘Theory of Stellar Atmospheres’ over the pastsixyears†, and will be the last report from the ‘old’ Commission 36. After the General Assembly in Honolulu (August 2015), a new Commission ‘Stellar and Planetary Atmospheres’ (C.G5, under Division G, ‘Stars and Stellar Physics’) has come into life, and will continue our work devoted to the outer envelopes of stars, as well as extend it to the atmospheres of planets (see Sect. 4).
REPORT
Authors: Kwok Sun , Koo Bon-Chul , Chu You-Hua , Breitschwerdt Dieter , Dal Pino Elisabete de Gouveia , Yang Ji , Tsuboi Masato , Rozyczka Michael , Juvela Mika , Burton Mike , Caselli Paola , Lizano Susana , Cabrit Sylvie , Toth Viktor
Published: April 2016

Before 2012, Commission 34 was identical to Division VI. The organization and executive officers of the Division and the Commission were the same. At the 2012 General Assembly (GA) in Beijing, the IAU reformed the divisional structure and the previous Division VI which Commission 34 was under was combined with Div VII to form Division H: Interstellar Matter and Local Universe. Ewine van Dishoeck was named by the IAU executive committee as the President of the new Division. Since the Commission structure is to be reformed at the GA of 2015, Commission 34 retains its original name “Interstellar Matter” and joined Commissions 33 and 37 (formally under Division VII) as commissions under the new Division H.
Kunsttherapie bei Essstörungen
Authors: Lauschke Maja , Ostermann Thomas , Schulze Constanze
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Kunsttherapie hat sich heute als spezifisches multimodales Angebot zur therapeutischen Behandlung von Essstörungen im klinischen Anwendungsfeld etabliert. Hier kommt sie vorwiegend im Gruppensetting zum Einsatz.

Im Hinblick auf die weitere auch wissenschaftliche Anerkennung dieses Therapieverfahrens wird die stringente Verfolgung von insbesondere empirischer Forschung notwendig. Grundlegende Voraussetzung dafür ist die Erfassung des aktuellen Standes kunsttherapeutischer Literatur zur Behandlung von Essstörungen und die davon abgeleitete Formulierung des konkreten Forschungsbedarfes. Bedauerlicherweise beziehen sich die bisher vorliegenden Literaturübersichtsarbeiten auf teils sehr unterschiedliche Kategorien und Standards der Analyse, was dieses Vorhaben erheblich erschwert. Es fehlen sowohl systematische Analysen zur kunsttherapeutischen Literatur als auch die Aufarbeitung deren Qualität und Evidenz. Damit auch ältere Publikationen ihre Berücksichtigung finden können, muss eine spezielle Analysematrix entwickelt werden, die neben quantitativen Aspekten auch qualitative Analysestrategien enthält.

Dieser Beitrag berichtet von den Ergebnissen einer solchen bibliometrischen Analyse, in der deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur der Kunsttherapie bei Essstörungen (1970 – 2010) untersucht wurde. Sie versteht sich zugleich als exemplarische Analysestrategie. Innerhalb dieses Artikels liegt der Fokus auf der vergleichenden Betrachtung von Sprache und Publikationsmedium, was für eine systematische und historische Analyse bedeutsam erscheint.
Erratum: Local electron-electron interaction strength in ferromagnetic nickel determined by spin-polarized positron annihilation
Authors: Ceeh Hubert , Weber Josef Andreas , Böni Peter , Leitner Michael , Benea Diana , Chioncel Liviu , Ebert Hubert , Minár Jan , Vollhardt Dieter , Hugenschmidt Christoph
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20898; published online: 16 February 2016; updated: 13 April 2016 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Josef Andreas Weber, which was incorrectly given as Josef Andreass Weber. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Correction: Corrigendum: Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan as Carriers for the Combined Herbicides Imazapic and Imazapyr
Authors: Maruyama Cintia Rodrigues , Guilger Mariana , Pascoli Mônica , Bileshy-José Natalia , Abhilash P. C. , Fraceto Leonardo Fernandes , de Lima Renata
Published: April 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 19768; published online: 27 January 2016; updated: 13 April 2016 This Article contains errors. In the Methods section under subheading ‘Analysis of the effects of the herbicides and the herbicide-loaded nanoparticles on soil microbiota’, “The chemical composition of the soil was characterized using X-ray fluorescence, considering the elements aluminum, calcium, chlorine, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur, titanium, chromium, manganese, zinc, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, arsenic, and bromine (Table 2).
A novel open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and properties for bone regeneration
Authors: Cheng Meng-qi , Wahafu Tuerhongjiang , Jiang Guo-feng , Liu Wei , Qiao Yu-qin , Peng Xiao-chun , Cheng Tao , Zhang Xian-long , He Guo , Liu Xuan-yong
Published: April 2016

The traditional production methods of porous magnesium scaffolds are difficult to accurately control the pore morphologies and simultaneously obtain appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, two open-porous magnesium scaffolds with different pore size but in the nearly same porosity are successfully fabricated with high-purity Mg ingots through the titanium wire space holder (TWSH) method. The porosity and pore size can be easily, precisely and individually controlled, as well as the mechanical properties also can be regulated to be within the range of human cancellous bone by changing the orientation of pores without sacrifice the requisite porous structures.In vitrocell tests indicate that the scaffolds have good cytocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation properties.In vivofindings demonstrate that both scaffolds exhibit acceptable inflammatory responses and can be almost fully degraded and replaced by newly formed bone. More importantly, under the same porosity, the scaffolds with larger pore size can promote early vascularization and up-regulate collagen type 1 and OPN expression, leading to higher bone mass and more mature bone formation. In conclusion, a new method is introduced to develop an open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and mechanical properties, which has great potential clinical application for bone reconstruction in the future.
Brain-mechanistic responses to varying difficulty levels of approximate solutions to arithmetic problems
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Jiang Yiqi , Chao Xiaomei , Wu Qihan , Mo Lei
Published: April 2016

Approximate strategies are crucial in daily human life. The studies on the “difficulty effect” seen in approximate complex arithmetic have long been neglected. Here, we aimed to explore the brain mechanisms related to this difficulty effect in the case of complex addition, using event-related potential-based methods. Following previous path-finding studies, we used the inequality paradigm and different split sizes to induce the use of two approximate strategies for different difficulty levels. By comparing dependent variables from the medium- and large-split conditions, we anticipated being able to dissociate the effects of task difficulty based on approximate strategy in electrical components. In the fronto−central region, early P2 (150–250 ms) and an N400-like wave (250–700 ms) were significantly different between different difficulty levels. Differences in P2 correlated with the difficulty of separation of the approximate strategy from the early physical stimulus discrimination process, which is dominant before 200 ms, and differences in the putative N400 correlated with different difficulties of approximate strategy execution. Moreover, this difference may be linked to speech processing. In addition, differences were found in the fronto-central region, which may reflect the regulatory role of this part of the cortex in approximate strategy execution when solving complex arithmetic problems.
Epithelial cell migration requires the interaction between the vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments
Authors: Velez-delValle Cristina , Marsch-Moreno Meytha , Castro-Muñozledo Federico , Galván-Mendoza Ivan J. , Kuri-Harcuch Walid
Published: April 2016

Epithelial migration plays a central role in development, wound repair and tumor metastasis, but the role of intermediate filament in this important event is unknown. We showed recently that vimentin coexists in the same cell with keratin-KRT14 at the leading edge of the migrating epidermal cells and knockdown of vimentin impaired colony growth. Here we demonstrate that vimentin co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with keratin-KRT14 and mutations in the -YRKLLEGEE- sequence of vimentin significantly reduced migration of the keratinocytes. Our data demonstrates that keratinocyte migration requires the interaction between vimentin and keratins at the -YRKLLEGEE- sequence at the helical 2B domain of vimentin. These findings have broad implications for understanding the roles of vimentin intermediate filaments in normal and neoplastic epithelial cells.
Detecting food authenticity and integrity
Authors: Ellis David I. , Goodacre Royston
Published: April 2016

Welcome to this joint Analyst and Analytical Methods themed collection on detecting food authenticity and integrity. Our Guest Editors for the collection, David I. Ellis and Royston Goodacre, discuss the work showcased.
Sensitive, highly resolved, and quantitative 1H–13C NMR data in one go for tracking metabolites in vegetal extracts
Authors: Mauve Caroline , Khlifi Soumaya , Gilard Françoise , Mouille Grégory , Farjon Jonathan
Published: April 2016

A novel 1H–13C correlation experiment able to generate quantitative, better resolved and sensitivity increased 2D maps is applied on plant leaf extracts.
Mild metal-catalyzed C–H activation: examples and concepts
Authors: Gensch T. , Hopkinson M. N. , Glorius F. , Wencel-Delord J.
Published: April 2016

C–H Activation reactions that proceed under mild conditions are more attractive for applications in complex molecule synthesis. Mild C–H transformations reported since 2011 are reviewed and the different concepts and strategies that have enabled their mildness are discussed.
Controlling the release of hydrophobic compounds by a supramolecular amphiphilic assembly
Authors: Kashapov Ruslan R. , Rassadkina Regina I. , Ziganshina Albina Yu. , Mukhitova Rezeda K. , Mamedov Vakhid A. , Zhukova Nataliya A. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Nizameev Irek R. , Zakharova Lucia Ya. , Sinyashin Oleg G.
Published: April 2016

Here, we report a novel approach of using a supramolecular system based on calix[4]resorcinarene and surfactant to facilitate the release of hydrophobic compounds.
Video Feedback in Key Word Signing Training for Preservice Direct Support Staff
Authors: Rombouts Ellen , Meuris Kristien , Maes Bea , De Meyer Anne-Marie , Zink Inge
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Research has demonstrated that formal training is essential for professionals to learn key word signing. Yet, the particular didactic strategies have not been studied. Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of verbal and video feedback in a key word signing training for future direct support staff.

Method

Forty-nine future direct support staff were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 key word signing training programs: modeling and verbal feedback (classical method [CM]), additional video feedback (
+
ViF), and additional video feedback and photo reminder (
+
ViF/R). Signing accuracy and training acceptability were measured 1 week after and 7 months after training.

Results

Participants from the
+
ViF/R program achieved significantly higher signing accuracy compared with the CM group. Acceptability ratings did not differ between any of the groups.

Conclusion

Results suggest that at an equal time investment, the programs containing more training components were more effective. Research on the effect of rehearsal on signing maintenance is warranted.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963667
Influence of growth temperature and disorder on spectral and temporal properties of Ga(NAsP) heterostructures
Authors: Woscholski R. , Gies S. , Wiemer M. , Shakfa M. K. , Rahimi-Iman A. , Ludewig P. , Reinhard S. , Jandieri K. , Baranovskii S. D. , Heimbrodt W. , Volz K. , Stolz W. , Koch M.
Published: April 2016

We have studied the optical properties of Ga(NAsP)-heterostructures, which were systematically grown at different temperatures by means of continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence. We show that both the long ranged and the short ranged disorder scales increase for higher growth temperatures. Furthermore, samples with a higher disorder not only emit less photoluminescence (PL) intensity but also exhibit a longer effective PL decay time.
Periodic surface structure bifurcation induced by ultrafast laser generated point defect diffusion in GaAs
Authors: Abere Michael J. , Torralva Ben , Yalisove Steven M.
Published: April 2016

The formation of high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) with period <0.3 λ in GaAs after irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses in air is studied. We have identified a point defect generation mechanism that operates in a specific range of fluences in semiconductors between the band-gap closure and ultrafast-melt thresholds that produces vacancy/interstitial pairs. Stress relaxation, via diffusing defects, forms the 350–400 nm tall and ∼90 nm wide structures through a bifurcation process of lower spatial frequency surface structures. The resulting HSFL are predominately epitaxial single crystals and retain the original GaAs stoichiometry.
Diagnosing and treating female sexual dysfunction: a survey of the perspectives of obstetricians and gynaecologists
Authors: McCool Megan E. , Apfelbacher Christian , Brandstetter Susanne , Mottl Miriam , Loss Julika
Published: April 2016

Background
Female sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent and it has a major effect on quality of life. However, responding to this healthcare need is challenging for physicians due to limited time, insecurities about how and what to ask, and lack of knowledge of therapy options. In Germany, additional barriers such as poor training during residency, lack of sexual therapists, and limited options for continuing education result in an under-diagnosis and under-treatment of female sexual dysfunction. This study aims to better understand the perspectives of German obstetricians and gynaecologists (OB/GYNs) in terms of diagnosing and treating patients with female sexual dysfunction. Methods: In November 2014 all Bavarian-based OB/GYNs working in outpatient care were sent a 23-item questionnaire by mail. A reminder was sent 4 weeks later. A non-response survey was also performed. Results: Out of 1291 distributed questionnaires, 235 were completed and returned (18%). The greatest challenges to OB/GYNs caring for women with sexual dysfunction were: (1) long waiting times for referrals; (2) too little time with patients; and (3) insufficient training during residency. Only one out of five OB/GYNs brought up the topic of sexual function routinely; initiating a conversation about sexual function was significantly associated with perceived communication skills (P = 0.001) and perceived medical competence (P = 0.008). Conclusions: There are several barriers to diagnosing and treating female sexual dysfunction in a German outpatient setting. Further surveys of patients, psychologists, therapists and health insurance providers are needed to provide more perspectives on this particular health issue.
Molecular circuits for dynamic noise filtering
Authors: Zechner Christoph , Seelig Georg , Rullan Marc , Khammash Mustafa
Published: April 2016

Significance

Signaling modules in living cells function and respond in a surprisingly robust way, in spite of their very noisy environment. In contrast, this is not the case for most synthetic circuits in living cells, which are usually designed and tuned in silico under specific assumptions that do not hold in the real environment of the cell. To recover the robust behavior, synthetic circuits need a means to make inference about their dynamic environment, which in turn can be used to effectively counteract it. Here we show how such inference can be implemented as biochemical modules and illustrate how this can guide the design of adaptive synthetic circuits.
Optically Active Bisnorchrysanthemic Acids
Authors: Okada Katsuhide , Fujimoto Keimei , Matsui Masanao
Published: April 2016

Four optically active bisnorchrysanthemic acids (dimethylvinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acids) were prepared from chrysanthemic acids, and the toxicities of their allethronyl esters towards houseflies were measured and compared with those of chrysanthemic acids. Some data were obtained on the correlation between chemical structure and biological activity.
Using student activity trends to inform purchasing: a layered model for collection management
Authors: Mason Katherine F.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a layered model for describing student activity that librarians can use to inform collection management decisions. It proposes using student activity in the classroom and the library, physically and virtually, to increase understanding of student curricular and research needs. The model can be used as a tool to facilitate conversations and can be adapted for use in large and small projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper used a theoretical approach using Mathematics Department as an example, with supporting evidence from existing studies and research. As a theoretical paper, data are discussed in the framework of what information you might use.

Findings

Experimentation suggests that the framework of student activity provides a meaningful assessment of collection contents that can be used to inform collection development activities. Implementation of the model in response to a specific research question may build evidence towards the assertion that patterns of academic activity and library use should be used to improve collection offerings.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is required to determine which criteria are most appropriate for inclusion in specific collection development activities and which questions are best suited for modeling.

Practical implications

The paper includes implications for developing student “personas” that can be used in collection building and beyond.

Social implications

The framework introduced can be used by libraries of any size or type to develop a layered model of student, or more generally user, activity.

Originality/value

This paper adds a flexible, responsive process to the body of collection assessment methods.
Market orientation and service innovation on customer perceived value
Authors: Yeh Ying-Pin
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To enhance their competitive advantage, firms are increasingly regarding customer-perceived value as a vital factor in advancing the level of service performance. This paper aims to explore how supermarket retailers select and implement market orientation (MO) and service innovation strategies to enhance customer-perceived value based on their investment.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the related literature indicated that studies have rarely explored the meanings and outcomes of MO and service innovation. Therefore, this paper examined the roles of MO and service innovation, evaluating how these factors affected relationship quality and customer-perceived value in a supermarket context. Customer advocacy and customer participation were evaluated as the mediating variables, and six hypotheses were formulated. The data were collected by conducting a questionnaire survey of the customers from five of the largest Taiwanese supermarket retailers. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses based on the respondent sample data.

Findings

The results indicated that customer participation and relationship quality are positively related to customer-perceived value. Customer advocacy is positively related to customer participation and relationship quality. MO and service innovation are positively related to customer advocacy.

Research Limitations/implications

The high explanatory power of the results of the deduced model in this research help explain the MO and service innovation of supermarket retailers toward customers. However, the collection of data related to other retailers requires consumers in other countries to test the robustness of this theoretical model. The results of analyses conducted on other industries and in other countries may differ.

Practical Implications

This paper investigated how the MO and service innovation capabilities of supermarket retailers contributed to their customer advocacy to achieve superior customer participation, customer relationship quality and customer-perceived value.

Originality/value

This paper investigates the effect of MO and service innovation on relationship quality and perceived value, and regards customer advocacy and customer participation as mediators.