bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M.I.S.S.I.O.N. (Making Inquiries into the Significance of Safety, Identity, Observations, and Needs) for Warfighters
Authors:   , Urdzik Patricia Stadelman
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the concept of safety as it encompasses the personal and technological spheres as imagined by a group of active duty service members, veterans, a police officer, and civilians, as well as the agency exercised by those with military or police backgrounds when it comes to safety technology. A group of seventeen individuals took part in a battlefield simulation to test a wearable junctional tourniquet created by ARMR Systems, LLC, an innovative advancement in tourniquet technology. After the simulation, participants were interviewed, surveyed, and took part in a focus group to determine not only product suitability but also to explore the underlying reasons for their recommendations for product changes. Results showed that those with military or police background performed safety rituals prior to duty and exercised agency in the desire to obtain the best possible personal safety devices and technology to be used for themselves and their comrade-in-arms. All participants expressed concerns for their safety in regards to technology in general, specifically, the hacking and use of personal data and what is perceived as lack of governmental oversight. Almost all of the changes to improve product safety, comfort, and utility were adapted. The topics discovered during the course of this research proves a need for safety product testing from an applied anthropological perspective.
How a Schenkerian Analysis May Inform the Interpretation and Performance of J. S. Bach's Lute Music on the Guitar Using Selective Movements of Bach Lute Suite No. 4 in E Major (BWV1006A) as a Demonstration
Authors:   , Li Zhi
Published: February 2025

Continuing the discussion of interpreting J. S. Bach's lute music on the guitar, this dissertation seeks to demonstrate that Schenkerian analysis can assist the modern classical guitarist to better understand Bach's music. In particular, the Schenkerian approach provides an important methodology for studying Bach's music in depth, and then guiding performance practice on the guitar. Although there are many books and articles about transcribing, interpreting and performing Bach's music on the guitar, they do not apply Schenkerian analysis to guitar performance. This research will fill in the lacuna in this field, while promoting music scholarship and enhancing the performance practice of classical guitarists.
Thermal Transport Modeling in Three-Dimensional Pillared-Graphene Structures for Efficient Heat Removal
Authors:   , Almahmoud Khaled Hasan Musa
Published: February 2025

Pillared-graphene structure (PGS) is a novel three-dimensional structure consists of parallel graphene sheets that are separated by carbon nanotube (CNT) pillars that is proposed for efficient thermal management of electronics. For microscale simulations, finite element analyses were carried out by imposing a heat flux on several PGS configurations using a Gaussian pulse. The temperature gradient and distribution in the structures was evaluated to determine the optimum design for heat transfer. The microscale simulations also included conducting a mesh-independent study to determine the optimal mesh element size and shape. For nanoscale simulations, Scienomics MAPS software (Materials And Processes Simulator) along with LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/ Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) were used to calculate the thermal conductivity of different configurations and sizes of PGS. The first part of this research included investigating PGS when purely made of carbon atoms using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). The second part included investigating the structure when supported by a copper foil (or substrate); mimicking production of PGS on copper. The micro- and nano-scale simulations show that PGS has a great potential to manage heat in micro and nanoelectronics. The fact that PGS is highly tunable makes it a great candidate for thermal management applications. The simulations were successfully conducted and the thermal behavior of PGS at the nanoscale was characterized while accounting for phonon scattering the graphene/CNT junction as well as when PGS is supported by a copper substrate.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT DIARE PADA SISWA DI SD NEGERI SEMARANGAN 2, GODEAN, KAB. SLEMAN
Authors: Faizal Rangkuti Ahmad , Kusumaningrum Diana Maisyaroh
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Berbagai penyakit sering terjadi pada anak usia sekolah yang berkaitan dengan PHBS. Munculnya berbagai penyakit yang sering menyerang anak usia sekolah (usia 6-10 tahun) ternyata umumnya berkaitan dengan PHBS. Terjadi sekitar 2 milyar kasus penyakit diare di seluruh dunia setiap tahun dan sekitar 1,9 juta anak balita meninggal karena penyakit diare setiap tahun, sebagian besar terjadi di negara berkembang. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan sekumpulan perilaku yang dipraktikkan oleh seseorang atas kesadaran diri sendiri, sehingga mampu untuk mencegah penyakit, meningkatkan kesehatan dan dapat berperan aktif didalam mewujudkan lingkungan sehat. Sebagai contoh salah satunya yaitu dengan menanamkan kebiasaan mencuci tangan pada siswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahu faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat sebagai upaya untuk pencegahan penyakit diare pada siswa di SD N Semarangan 2 Godean, Kab. Sleman.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV, V dan VI di SD N Semarangan 2. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling (78 responden). Instrument penelitian ini yaitu kuesioner dan check list. Analisis data dengan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi square dan uji alternatif menggunakan uji Fisher.
Hasil: Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare p=0,046, tidak ada hubungan sikap dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare p=0,168, ada hubungan dukungan lingkungan sekolah dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare p=0,011, tidak ada hubungan sarana prasarana dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare p=0,381.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan dukungan lingkungan sekolah dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare dan tidak ada hubungan antara sikap dan sarana prasarana dengan PHBS sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit diare pada siswa.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Learning Media for Vocational Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Muttaqin Muhammad Fuad , Sukrawan Yusep , Rosyadi Mohamad Iqbal
Published: February 2025

This article is a systematic literature review which aims to explore information about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning media in vocational education. In the Industry 4.0 era, education needs to keep up with technological developments. AI has an important role in creating learning materials and solving problems in educational environments. AI is able to analyze individual learning styles and needs, providing personalized and relevant material. This research reveals that the use of artificial intelligence in vocational education has several important findings. These findings include personalization of learning based on individual learning styles and needs, engaging learning experiences through interactive simulations and educational games, as well as enriching practical experiences through virtual laboratories and industrial simulations. Additionally, the artificial intelligence assessment system is capable of detecting students' weaknesses and strengths in real-time, providing personalized feedback, and assisting in monitoring overall class performance. This research shows that artificial intelligence is not just a tool, but also a partner that drives innovation in vocational education, helps students reach their full potential, and prepares them for a bright future in their chosen industry.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Readiness and Interest in Entrepreneurship Among Bunyu Regency Vocational High School (SMK) Students
Authors: Sianturi Donmarth , Baroroh Kiromim , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: February 2025

Unemployment continues to be a substantial obstacle in several nations, including Indonesia, especially for graduates of vocational high schools (SMK). This research examines the correlation between entrepreneurial preparedness and interest among SMK students in Bunyu Regency, a region characterized by distinctive economic circumstances. This study employed a quantitative method, utilizing descriptive correlational and causal-comparative designs. The study selected 141 students from SMK Negeri 1 Bunyu to represent three distinct academic programs. We meticulously designed questionnaires to collect data, which assessed several dimensions of entrepreneurial preparedness and inclination. The results indicate a strong positive relationship (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) between readiness and interest, with readiness being a significant predictor of interest (β = 0.55, p < 0.05). The findings emphasize the significance of including hands-on entrepreneurship education in the vocational curriculum to improve students' entrepreneurial abilities and decrease unemployment rates among graduates. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the need for focused educational initiatives that specifically target the prevailing economic realities and demands of certain industries. This research offers useful insights to policymakers and educators in developing targeted educational programs, cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset, and promoting sustainable economic growth among vocational school students in distant areas such as Bunyu Regency.
A wealth of experience
Authors: Coxon Mhari
Published: February 2025

A look forward to this year's Dental Showcase.
Finding your superpowers
Authors: Griffin Andrea
Published: February 2025

Andrea Griffin lends advice on boosting your mindset and motivation.
Aiding the immunocompromised
Authors: Wright Annastasia Kellett
Published: February 2025

Annastasia Kellett Wright discusses the need to minimise oral health risks.
Managing black tartar and tooth stains
Authors: Garlo Nina
Published: February 2025

Nina Garlo discusses an ongoing challenge for dental professionals.
Difficult to swallow
Authors: Sultan Michael
Published: February 2025

Michael Sultan discusses how to aid patients suffering from eating disorders.
Playing creatively
Authors: Wain Alison
Published: February 2025

A new learning centre will open at the National Gallery next month, co-curated and designed with a child-centred approach which aims to foreground the child’s voice. Alison Wain, Family and Children’s Programmer at the National Gallery, shares more about the centre and how it has been designed.
The Time is Right for The Intelligent Edge
Authors: Garlepp Eric , Traweek Parker
Published: February 2025

Quartz-based timing is a barrier to progress as the world looks to absorb billions of tiny IoT devices into the fabric of life. But a solution is at hand.
Downlink Power Allocation with Stackelberg Game in NOMA System
Authors: Tseng Chih-Cheng , Liang Yao-Jen , Wang Hwang-Cheng , Chen Chi-Han , Kuo Fang-Chang
Published: February 2025

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications. This paper delves into the NOMA downlink power allocation under the introduction of a Stackelberg game with uniform pricing and discounted pricing strategies, specifically addressing scenarios involving imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). The Stackelberg game is commonly employed to characterize strategic interactions, inherently involving a leader and followers. In this paper, the base station plays the role of the leader, making decisions regarding the price charged to the followers. On the other hand, users take on the role of followers, deciding the quantity of power to purchase. In each round of the game, driven by the pursuit of maximizing their respective utility functions, both roles iteratively adjust their strategies based on the decisions proposed by the other party until reaching the Stackelberg Equilibrium. Through the simulations, we compare the power allocated to the users and the obtained achievable rates under different scenarios, including imperfect SIC with uniform (ISIC-U) pricing strategy, imperfect SIC with discounted (ISIC-D) pricing strategy, and perfect SIC (PSIC). Simulation results reveal that the proposed ISIC-U and ISIC-D can obtain better power saving and fairness among achievable rates, while only sacrifice quite limited total achievable rate.
Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance using Internet of Things: Assessment and Future Aspects
Authors: Um-e-Habiba  , Shaikh Faisal Karim , Chowdhry Bhawani Shankar
Published: February 2025

This study presents a detailed survey on the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) for predictive maintenance and monitoring of cultural heritage, focusing on museums and exhibitions. The integration of IoT in these fields offers significant potential for optimizing maintenance and supervision of heritage resources while also enhancing maintenance strategies. This review examines the application of IoT devices, data analysis, and predictive algorithms in monitoring the state of heritage resources to improve tourist experiences and conserve cultural resources. Key enabling technologies can enable adaptive interactions and engagement with enhanced navigation. Visualization technologies are also common, offering hands-on displays. The study also emphasizes the value of accessibility and interactivity, providing personalization and content sharing features. Several initiatives prioritize the delivery of digital content through mobile applications, internet browsers, and downloadable resources.This study examines how IoT-enabled predictive maintenance systems can recognize potential hazards, like resource decay or environmental dangers, enabling immediate action. This survey also highlights trends, challenges, and future research in IoT and cultural heritage monitoring.
Massively Flexible Mobile Systems
Authors: Perdigão André , Quevedo José , Corujo Daniel , Aguiar Rui L.
Published: February 2025

5G network is expected to provide mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications or massive Internet of Things [mIoT]) slices in the near future, coinciding with expectations for a significant increase in the IoT global market. Many new IoT use cases are anticipated to be deployed using 5G which requires mMTC performance. Release 17 introduces several mMTC features. However, as of release 19, 3GPP does not claim full support of mMTC slices.
Even if 5G cannot fully support mMTC network slices yet, several network features are already standardized and included in commercial-graded 5G networks. These features allow for the reconfiguration of the network to provide communication performance close to what is provided in mMTC slices. This paper analyzes and evaluates several of these features, demonstrating that current 5G networks are already capable of supporting some of the mMTC use cases expected to be deployed in the future.
Bacterial and yeast optimization in Arabica coffee fermentation to enhance winey flavor
Authors: TAUFIK INTAN , SYACHNOORMALIETA FATHYA ISTIQOMARIL , ISTIADI KHAERUNISSA ANBAR , RUSDIANA FAUZIE FITRIA , ASTUTI DEA INDRIANI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Taufik I, Syachnoormalieta FI, Istiadi KA, Rusdiana FF, Astuti DI. 2024. Bacterial and yeast optimization in Arabica coffee fermentation to enhance winey flavor. Biodiversitas 25: 4265-4274. The natural fermentation process of Arabica coffee often needs more consistency in producing high-quality coffee due to the process's challenging control involving diverse microbial communities, including those of bacteria and yeast. This study has isolated specific bacteria and yeast strains from natural fermentation and utilized them as inoculum to optimize the coffee fermentation process, accentuating the wine's aromatic flavors by adjusting the bacteria-to-yeast ratio and inoculum percentage. Eight bacteria and five yeast were initially isolated from natural fermentation processes and further assayed for their enzymatic activity. The highest enzymatic activity, including pectinolytic, cellulolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic activities from each bacterial and yeast, were selected for identification using DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. The identification results showed that the bacteria Klebsiella sp. and the yeast were Pichia kudriavzevii. Next, the growth curves of the two isolates were analyzed to determine the optimal fermentation time. The results indicated that one day was sufficient for optimal bacterial and yeast growth. Using the isolates bacteria Klebsiella sp. and yeast Pichia kudriavzevii revealed that a bacteria-to-yeast ratio of 1:10 with a 15% (v/w) inoculum resulted in the highest cupping score with a prominent wine flavor note compared to the control. Employing bacterial and yeast inoculum in Arabica coffee fermentation has the potential to improve coffee quality and consistently improve overall product standards.
Evaluation of doubled haploid rice lines for agronomic performance and resistance to bacterial leaf blight
Authors: DEWI ISWARI SARASWATI , PUTRI RATNA KARTIKA , PURWOKO BAMBANG SAPTA , YURIYAH SITI , LUBIS ISKANDAR
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Dewi IS, Putri RK, Purwoko BS, Yuriyah S, Lubis I. 2024. Evaluation of doubled haploid rice lines for agronomic performance and resistance to bacterial leaf blight. Biodiversitas 25: 4275-4283. The dynamic of climate change aggravates the adverse effect of biotic stress. The biotic stresses affecting rice fields include bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This research evaluated the agronomic performance and resistance of doubled haploid (DH) rice lines against three dominant Xoo pathotypes in Indonesia (i.e., pathotype groups III, IV, and VIII). Nineteen rice genotypes consisting of 14 advanced DH lines, two commercial varieties (Ciherang and Inpari 18), and three BLB checks (IRBB-66 as resistant check, IR-64 and TN-1 as susceptible check) were assessed against three dominant Xoo pathotypes in Indonesia following the SES for rice from IRRI. Results indicated that 11 DH lines, except M-1, M-4, and M-14 had good agronomic traits, including productivity over 8 tons ha-1, significantly higher than Inpari 18. The varying severity of BLB was influenced considerably by pathotype, genotype, and pathotype-genotype interaction. The disease severity from each pathotype was relatively the same across two inoculation times (vegetative and generative phase). In both growth phases, all DH rice lines, except for M-5 and M-13 were categorized as resistant against pathotypes III and IV. These findings have practical implications for developing disease-resistant rice varieties, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the research.
Biodiversity conservation, food security, and carbon storage potential of local agroforestry practices in the Bird’s Head Region of Papua, Indonesia
Authors: HENDRI HENDRI , NUGROHO JULIUS DWI , RAHMADANIARTI ADITYA , NURLAELA NURLAELA , PRABAWARDANI SARASWATI , LUHULIMA FIONA DJUNITA NATALIA , GARDINER CHRISTOPHER , HEMATANG FRANCINE
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Hendri, Nugroho JD, Rahmadaniarti A, Nurlaela, Prabawardani S, Luhulima FDN, Gardiner C, Hematang F. 2024. Biodiversity conservation, food security, and carbon storage potential of local agroforestry practices in the Bird’s Head Region of Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4315-4332. Local Agroforestry Practices (LAPs) in the Papua Region, Indonesia, which are still under-researched, play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation through sustainable crop rotation systems, intensification, and technological adaptability. This research aims to develop an improved intensification model that integrates these LAPs with sustainable agroforestry practices, biodiversity conservation, food security measures, and adaptive responses to climate change and extreme conditions. The study utilized the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, demonstration plot, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) type selection of LAPs, and economic and allometric equations. The findings revealed a meticulous species selection process that considered biodiversity, resulting in 24 species classified as Least Concern (LC), 2 species classified as Near Threatened (NT), 1 species classified as Vulnerable (VU), and 2 species classified as Endangered (EN). The LAPs implementation achieved a Food Security (FS) score of 45,23% and 38.47% for Only Used (OU). Importantly, the total revenue generated by the LAPs design in Moswaren, Aimas, and Manokwari Village is nearly the same, with an average of Rp 16,327,231.00, Rp 16,640,731.00 and Rp 15,848,675.00 per year, respectively. This represents a significant economic impact, with the increase being 2.93-5.04 times greater than typical LAPs; this significant contribution to biodiversity conservation is a testament to their value. The aggregate carbon content across the three sites varied between 223.80 and 279.05 tC/ha.
Analysis of two strain probiotics on digestive enzymes, liver function and antimicrobial activity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: AINI NURUL , WAHYUNINGSIH SRI PUJI ASTUTI , UZAKKY FARAH NISA , BETZY CAROLINE , FATIMAH FATIMAH , ANDRIYONO SAPTO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Aini N, Wahyuningsih SPA, Uzakky FN, Betzy C, Fatimah, Andriyono S. 2024. Analysis of two strain probiotics on digestive enzymes, liver function and antimicrobial activity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. Biodiversitas 25: 4333-4339. Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) is one of the most consumed fish. Good fisheries management is needed to maintain fish stocks. One of the efforts to manage fisheries safely is by using probiotics in the form of Duo Strain Probiotics (DSP). DSP is a probiotic formula consisting of Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus subtilis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of DSP on digestive enzyme levels, liver health status, and the potential of catfish blood serum as an antimicrobial agent. The treatments included DSP to the feed with concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% using Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The results showed no significant change in amylase enzyme level between DSP treatments of various concentrations and the control treatment. DSP treatment of 10% and 5% in the non-infected fish group was the best treatment for increasing the level of protease and lipase enzymes, respectively. For liver health status parameters, 15% DSP treatment was the best treatment that could suppress the production of AST and ALT enzymes in fish blood serum. Catfish blood serum infected with pathogens and treated with 15% DSP has the ability as an antibacterial agent against A. hydrophila.
Short Communication: Species diversity of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara Beach, Dungun, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: KAUJ NURIN KARMILA , ROSLAN SITI NUR LIYANA , ZAINEE NUR FARAH AIN , RAZALI NOR BAZILAH , ISMAIL NOR AZLIZA , MOHD IZAM NUR AMALINA , FARINORDIN FARAH AYUNI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Kauj NK, Roslan SNL, Zainee NFA, Razali NB, Ismail NA, Izam NAM, Farinordin FA. 2024. Short Communication: Species diversity of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara Beach, Dungun, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 4370-4378. Macroalgae are a diverse group of organisms with varying physical characteristics, genetic relationships, morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical compositions. Research on macroalgae in Malaysia has shown significant expansion. Nevertheless, the current inventory of macroalgae in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is limited. This study was conducted to analyze the species diversity and morphologies of macroalgae in Teluk Bidara, Terengganu, Malaysia. Specimens were collected at low tides. Wet specimens were preserved in 10% formalin while herbarium preparation was conducted to preserve dried specimens. Specimens were observed under microscopes to determine the distinguishable morphological characteristics. There were 17 species of macroalgae recorded with Ochrophyta was the phylum with the greatest number of species (47%), followed by Rhodophyta (35%), and Chlorophyta (18%). The calculated Shannon-Wiener’s Index (2.833) and Simpson's Index (0.9412) indicate a significant amount of species diversity, suggesting that the community includes many species with an even distribution of individuals. The diverse range of Sargassum is attributed to their habitat diversity, adaptability, reproductive strategies, genetic diversity, distribution patterns, ecological interactions, and anthropogenic activities. Malaysia's coastal and island ecosystems are known to house a significant number of macroalgae species, providing suitable habitats for maintaining their diversity. Macroalgae diversity and its habitats, being part of the natural heritage, should be adequately preserved.
Diversity of traditional vegetables and spices as local food security for the Gayo Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: NELLY CUT , FITRIYANA LIA , SANTI TARAHA DILLA , SAUDAH SAUDAH
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Nelly C, Fitriyana L, Santi TD, Saudah. 2024. Diversity of traditional vegetables and spices as local food security for the Gayo Tribe, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4699-4711. Food is a fundamental necessity that is essential for human sustenance. The variety of traditional vegetables and spices, harvested from forests, fields, or home gardens, is critical to local food security. This study aimed to investigate the variety and utilization of local vegetables and spices by the Gayo community in Pining Sub-district, Gayo Lues District, Aceh, Indonesia and their contribution to sustainable food security. A field survey and semi-structured interviews five villages identified 75 taxa of vegetables and spices from 36 families with Zingiberaceae being the most dominant. The findings show women, who made up 68.0% of respondents, are key knowledge holders, passing down traditional plant knowledge through daily practices. Species such as Cocos nucifera L. and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. showed the highest use value and frequency, underscoring their cultural and nutritional significance. However, the Gayo community faces threats, including land-use changes and the loss of traditional knowledge among the younger generation, jeopardizing plant conservation and sustainable food systems. Strategies such as sustainable agroforestry, local seed banks, and restoring traditional knowledge are essential to preserve biodiversity and ensure local food security. This research highlights the importance of preserving the diversity of traditional vegetables and spices as key elements of food security and cultural heritage.
Species diversity of aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia
Authors: MERLY SENDY LELY , PANGARIBUAN ROSA D. , KANDO YAKOBUS ERIKSON , PANE LINDON R. , TUHUMENA JEREMIAS R.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Merly SL, Pangaribuan RD, Kando YE, Pane LR, Tuhumena JR. 2024. Species diversity of aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp in Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4712-4721. The aquatic plants in Anggerper Swamp, Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia have never been studied, causing the development of their potential is still insufficient. This research aimed to identify species diversity of aquatic plants, through a species identification approach, Shannon-Weaver Species Diversity Index (H’), Evenness Index (E), Dominance Index (D), and Important Value Index (IVI). Two methods used in this study are cruising survey and purposive sampling method using transect quadrant. There are two research stations with 120 quadrants measuring 1 x 1m. This study successfully identified 14 aquatic plant species from 9 families. Moreover, the majority of these aquatic plants are known as emergent and introduced plants. In Station I, total individuals reached 6,531 with 10 species and in Station II reached 2,576 individuals with 12 species. The diversity index for both stations tends to moderate, 1.92 in Station I and 2.53 in Station II, successively. The evenness index is stable with high uniformity, where Station I is 0.83 and Station II is 0.95, respectively. The dominance index for both stations indicates low dominance (0.21 in Station I and 0.10 in Station II). The highest aquatic plants’ IVI belongs to Nymphaea nouchali (65.66%) and Urochloa mutica (63.16%).
Species diversity of brackish water fishes and their associated endoparasites from the Tamala Fish Sanctuary of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
Authors: CALDERON ALLYSSA MARIE A. , MORILLA LADY JANE G. , ESTAÑO LEONARDO A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Calderon AMA, Morilla LJG, Estaño LA. 2024. Species diversity of brackish water fishes and their associated endoparasites from the Tamala Fish Sanctuary of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 4745-4755. Fish plays a vital role in the aquatic ecosystem and is integral to human nutrition and food security. The survey of brackish water fishes and its associated endoparasites in Tamala Fish Sanctuary, Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Philippines, was carried out in August 2023 in three coastal barangays of Taguitic, Margos, and Lapinig. A total of 174 individuals belonging to 5 families were collected, comprising six species: Chanos chanos, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Glossogobius giuris, Mugil cephalus, and Ambassis nalua. Among the recorded species, M. cephalus harbors the highest abundance (35.63%) and can be found in all three sites, while O. mossambicus is the least abundant (2.87%) and is restricted to only one site. Endoparasites in these fish species, comprising nematode, trematode metacercariae, and Acanthogyrus sp., were also recovered in this study. The prevalence of infection is reported to be highest in Barangay Taguitic (42.86%), followed by Margos (25.45%) and Lapinig (10.48%). Among the species, C. chanos (35.71%) recorded the highest infection rate, followed by G. giuris (29.73%), O. niloticus (26.09%), and M. cephalus (1.61%). In contrast, two species, O. mossambicus and A. nalua, were not infected with endoparasites. Adult species (24.74%) also exhibit the highest prevalence rate compared to juveniles (9.09%). In terms of intensity, Lapinig (7.64±0.23) has the highest value in the site, followed by Margos (1.5±0.10), then Taguitic (1.4±0.17). With regards to species, G. giuris harbors the highest mean intensity (7.82±0.62), followed by C. chanos (1.6±0.17), O. niloticus (1.42±0.10), and M. cephalus (1±0.02). Furthermore, adult fish species (4.33±0.25) exhibit higher mean intensity than juveniles (1.41±0.04). The mean intensity per site, species, and age were significant (p<0.05). Endoparasites in these brackish water fish hosts are an excellent biological indicator in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides baseline data for further investigation on fish species diversity and its endoparasites in the area.
Rare occurrence of shiitake dermatitis in Indonesia: A case report
Authors: ADJI ARYANI , TAN SYLVIA , WAROUW MICHAEL , LIONG GABRIELLA K. , WALID FAUZAN RAMZY , CHRISTOPHER PAULUS MARIO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Adji A, Tan S, Warouw M, Liong GK, Walid FR, Christopher PM. 2024. Rare occurrence of shiitake dermatitis in Indonesia: A case report. Biodiversitas 25: 4790-4795. The present study identified shiitake dermatitis as a unique dermatological manifestation of undercooked shiitake mushrooms. However, this discovery has not yet been reported in Indonesia. Shiitake mushrooms contain lentinan, a natural polysaccharide ?-D-glucan polymer. Lentinan is considered a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that may trigger both innate and adaptive immunological responses by binding on pattern recognition receptors on immune cells. The binding of lentinan to its receptors activates many signaling pathways, eliciting an enhanced innate immune response, which may manifest as shiitake dermatitis. A 48-year-old Caucasian man of German nationality presented with a 3-day history of an extensive, minimally pruritic skin eruption of linear groups of erythematous papules in a flagellate pattern on both sides of the abdomen and mainly on his back. The patient denied any previous history of scratching, exposure to new/routine medications, supplements, topical products, animals, plants, recent travel, or outdoor activities. Additionally, constitutional symptoms were denied. Based on the clinical results and the exclusion of differential diagnoses, a diagnosis of shiitake dermatitis was established. The patient was prescribed symptomatic treatment consisting of oral and topical corticosteroids and an oral antihistamine, which yielded a significant improvement in response. This is the first case of shiitake dermatitis to be reported in Indonesia.
Species distribution model and population dynamics of invasive alien plant Calliandra calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: NASIHIN IING , WIDHIONO IMAM , SUDIANA EMING , NURDIN NURDIN , HERLINA NINA , IMANINGSIH WITIYASTI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Nasihin I, Widhiono I, Sudiana E, Nurdin, Herlina N, Imaningsih W. 2024. Species distribution model and population dynamics of invasive alien plant Calliandra calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4806-4815. Invasive alien plants are a serious threat to conservation areas since they will threaten biodiversity by over-dominating species composition and reducing diversity. However, conservation area managers have not taken invasive alien plant management seriously. Calliandra calothyrsus is one of the invasive alien plant species that has been reported to occur in conservation areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a habitat suitability model and investigate population dynamics of C. calothyrsus in Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP), West Java Province, Indonesia. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) was used to build the model using 13 environmental predictors, including climate, physical, and soil characteristic variables. Population structure data were collected from 98 sampling plots, each measuring 10x10 m. The population dynamics and distribution of C. calothyrsus populations were analyzed using RangeShifter software with 50 years of simulation. The results showed an AUC value of >0.80, indicating the distribution model of C. calothyrsus has a high level of agreement between the model prediction and actual observation. Simulation analysis shows that the population of C. calothyrsus in GCNP will continue to increase over the next 50 years and spread throughout the park from where the occurrences of C. calothyrsus were recorded. The findings of this study suggest that managing the growth of the C. calothyrsus population from seedling to sapling is necessary, while restoring bare ground and shrub can prevent the spread of C. calothyrsus.
Impact of subsistence hunting on the diversity of wildlife species in the Amazonian Andes of Northeastern Peru
Authors: CORONEL-CASTRO ELVER , MEZA-MORI GERSON , TORRES-GUZMÁN CRISTÓBAL , OLIVA-CRUZ MANUEL , PARIENTE-MONDRAGÓN ELÍ , SOPLA-TAFUR REYNINGER , BARBOZA ELGAR , AMASIFUEN GUERRA CARLOS A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Coronel-Castro E, Meza-Mori G, Torres-Guzmán C, Oliva-Cruz M, Pariente-Mondragón E, Sopla-Tafur R, Barboza E, Amasifuen Guerra CA. 2024. Impact of subsistence hunting on the diversity of wildlife species in the Amazonian Andes of Northeastern Peru. Biodiversitas 25: 4816-4828. This study examines the impact of subsistence hunting on wildlife diversity in the northeastern Amazonian Andes of Peru, where hunting is a crucial activity for the food and livelihoods of rural communities. Fieldwork was conducted in 25 communities, where 1,027 residents were interviewed to identify the species hunted, the motivations behind this practice, and the impact of hunting on species population abundance. A total of 53 hunted species were recorded (24 birds and 29 mammals), with notable orders including Carnivora, Columbiformes, and Rodentia. Species diversity was assessed using diversity indices, and community clustering was analyzed, revealing a high diversity of hunted species. In two communities, Omia and Primavera, hunting was fairly evenly distributed among various species. In comparison, in Lonya Grande and Nuevo Tingo, we found a concentration of hunting on a few species, potentially leading to the overexploitation of these populations. Additionally, communities were categorized into two main hunting groups based on ecosystem and elevation. Principal component analysis revealed that species such as majaz (Cuniculus taczanowskii) and venado gris (Odocoileus virginianus) are hunted primarily for food, while others, such as loro choclero (Psittacara mitratus), are hunted for conflict with humans. Moreover, there was a widespread perception of the declining abundance of hunted species, indicating the pressure that subsistence hunting places on local wildlife. These findings highlight the need for collaborative, sustainable management strategies to conserve wildlife in this ecoregion, emphasizing the role of the entire community in this crucial effort.
Species richness and nest entrance characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: MIHARJA JAJANG , ATMOWIDI TRI , PRIAWANDIPUTRA WINDRA , PERWITASARI DYAH , KAHONO SIH
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Miharja J, Atmowidi T, Priawandiputra W, Perwitasari D, Kahono S. 2024. Species richness and nest entrance characteristics of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4961-4970. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae) are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), a conservation area of flora and fauna in the western part of Java, was designated by UNESCO in 1992 as a Natural World Heritage site. This study measured the species richness, nesting site, and nest-entrance characteristics of stingless bees in UKNP. Samplings of stingless bees were conducted by road sampling and based on the information from officers of UKNP and the local communities from June to December 2023. Results showed that 163 colonies of stingless bees were found belonging to four species, i,e., Tetragonula laeviceps, Tetragonula fuscobalteata, Heterotrigona itama, and Lepidotrigona terminata. Based on the number of colonies, L. terminata was the most dominant (44%), followed by T. laeviceps (41%), T. fuscobalteata (12%), and H. itama (3%), respectively. The nest of T. laeviceps was found in residential house cavities, bamboo and tree holes, and old and abandoned ant nests, showcasing their adaptability and resourcefulness. Meanwhile, the nest of T. fuscobalteata was found in the rock holes and tree cavities; L. terminata and H. itama nests were found in tree cavities. The unique nest entrance characteristics of each species further highlight their fascinating adaptability. This study showed a new distribution record of stingless bees in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia.
Using morphometric characters to estimate leaf productivity of seagrass Halophila major
Authors: Darus Robba Fahrisy , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Ismet Meutia Samira
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Darus RF, Bengen DG, Zamani NP, Ismet MS. 2024. Using morphometric characters to estimate leaf productivity of seagrass Halophila major. Biodiversitas 25: 4994-5004. Halophila major is a seagrass species with new records in Indonesia. This species was described based on morphometric characteristics and DNA sequencing. In this study, we expand our understanding about this species by looking at its leaf productivity. This study aims to determine the productivity of H. major leaves collected across various locations of Indonesian waters and analyses its relationship with morphometric characters. Morphometric characters (Leaf Length-LL, Leaf Width-LW, and Leaf Area-LA) were used to see the correlation with leaf productivity parameters, namely Leaf Dry Weight (LDW), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Biomass (BIO), and Carbon Concentration (CS) estimated using allometric methods. The result of this study indicates that the biomass of H. major is greater than H. ovalis, its closest relative. LL and LW were more strongly correlated with LDW compared to LA. Biomass was also greatly influenced by LL and LDW. Leaf productivity variation is affected by the leaf size, suggesting that leaf productivity can be used to distinguish seagrass species under the similar genus. This study showed that allometric equations can be used quickly to assess the biomass of small seagrasses. However, more data is needed for knowing and interpreting a character in new seagrass species. Hence, this study must be replicated for other seagrass species.
Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: ANANDA SHANIA , TRIWIDODO HERMANU , ANWAR RULY , SARTIAMI DEWI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ananda S, Triwidodo H, Anwar R, Sartiami D. 2024. Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5024-5030. One of the high-economic-value crops extensively cultivated by farmers in Indonesia is shallots. The cultivation of shallots often faces problems from plant pests and diseases, which can decrease productivity. One of the pests infesting shallots is thrips. In September 2023, a thrips outbreak was reported in shallot fields in Brebes and Tegal Districts, Central Java Province, Indonesia, causing significant losses for farmers, with severe infestations leading to crop failure. Typically, the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the primary pest causing significant losses in shallot commodities in Brebes and Tegal. Prior to 2023, thrips were considered secondary pests and rarely caused severe damage. This research aims to investigate the history of thrips infestations based on interviews with 40 farmers, determine the pest population level using pest counts, and identify thrips to species. The research findings indicate that while farmers' knowledge about thrips still needs to improve, there is a significant potential for enhanced thrips management. The farmers’ knowledge, perspective, and actions significantly affect the thrips population in the fields. Farmers in Tegal exhibited more thorough knowledge of thrips management than those in Brebes, where thrips populations were higher. Climatic factors, such as increased temperatures and decreased rainfall, contributed to the rise in the thrips population. Farmers' adaptation strategies to cope with thrips outbreaks include increasing the frequency and dosage of pesticide spraying, early harvesting, and abandoning infested fields, which results in crop failure. The thrips species causing shallot damage in Brebes and Tegal was Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Ethnozoological knowledge of diversity, folk taxonomy, and animal hunting among the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia
Authors: ISKANDAR BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT , ISKANDAR JOHAN , MULYANTO DEDE , SUPRIATNA JATNA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Iskandar J, Mulyanto D, Supriatna J. 2024. Ethnozoological knowledge of diversity, folk taxonomy, and animal hunting among the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5031-5045. Presently, biocultural systems, an emergent ecosystem, are experiencing significant growth in traditional villages due to the presence of natural resources. Baduy, a sacred community rich in natural and environmental resources, has a high diversity of animals, which needs to be managed based on their unique Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and beliefs. Therefore, this research focused on the TEK of the community on animal diversity, folk taxonomy, and wildlife hunting. The qualitative with an ethnozoological method was used with data collected from field observation, semi-structured interviews with informants, and participant observation. We found 90 species of birds, 16 mammals, 14 fishes, 10 insects, and 9 reptiles known by the Baduy in Banten, Indonesia and at least 3 taxa levels of Baduy zoological classification. The primary, secondary, and third taxa represented life forms, species, and races or sub-species. Animals can be classified based on their distinctive morphological characteristics, specific behavior, time activity, special habitat, and functions. The hunting of animals carried out by the Inner Baduy community was in accordance with customary rules supervised by informal Baduy leaders. However, unlike the Inner Baduy, Outer Baduy has hunted wild animals for semi-commercial purposes instead of subsistence purposes. In conclusion, safeguarding the Baduy people's land, language, and culture plays an important role in conserving animals in the rural ecosystem of the traditional communities.
Short Communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: HERDANANTA BISMA YOGA , KARINA RESSA , KHOIRUNNISA SOFIYANA , NUGROHO GILANG DWI , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Herdananta BY, Karina R, Khoirunnisa S, Nugraha GD, Setyawan AD. 2024. Short communication: Orchid diversity in the riparian area of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5046-5054. Riparian area provides various ecosystem services, including the habitat of orchids. This research aimed to determine the diversity of orchid species along the riverbank of Samin River, Karanganyar-Sukoharjo Districts, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted in three segments of the river: upstream (Blumbang and Gondosuli Villages), middle stream (Girilayu and Plosorejo Villages) and downstream (Kadokan Village). At each station, explorative method using cruising path with length of 1 km along the riverbank and width of 5-10 meters on both sides was used to document the presence of orchids. Data was analyzed to produce the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Margalef species richness index (R). This study recorded 19 species of orchids in which 13 species with 198 individuals were found in the upstream, four species with 154 individuals in the middle stream, and two species with 2 individuals in the downstream. Orchid species with the highest frequency was Crepidium kobi. There were 5 species of terrestrial orchids and 14 species of epiphytic orchids. For the epiphytic orchid, Zone 3 on the host tree was the zone with the largest number of species and individuals found. The upstream and middle stream had moderate diversity, while the downstream had low diversity. The three stations had different evenness categories in which quite evenly distributed in the upstream, less even in the middle stream and uneven in the downstream. All three stations had low richness index. The findings of this study suggest that the importance of maintaining riparian habitats to support the sustainability of biodiversity, especially orchid. Conservation efforts can help maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity in this area. This study can be the basis for more effective conservation management in riparian areas.