bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wheat grain preparing for production of conserved food “Second course for lunch
Authors: Зенькова Мария , Zenkova Maria , Дарья Александровна , Babich Daria
Published: January 2019

Modern trends which imply maximum using of all caryopsis anatomical parts in people’s diet present a great interest from the point of view of developing a ready-to-eat preserved food “Second Course for Lunch” based on prepared whole grain in a convenient polymer package. The author suggested using the method of preparing wheat grain by means of steeping, parboiling, and adding it in the preserved food as one of the recipe ingredients. The subject of the study was hulless wheat grain harvested in the Republic of Belarus. The author studied grain quality parameters using standard procedures, grain preparation stages, changes in microbial flora during preparation. Besides, parboiling parameters of the prepared grain were determined. Swelling ratio was determined (k = 1.3) for wheat grain steeping in water at 18 ± 2 °C during 30 hours with water changes every 5 hours till humidity reached 44.4 ± 1 %. Seed vigor (92.0–96.2 %) and swelling ratio (k = 1.3) are considered during calculation of raw material usage rate in the production of preserved food. It was determined that during steeping bacterial content rises sufficiently, and that process takes place when steeping period increases. The author optimized the process of sprouted grain parboiling and determined parboiling technological parameters: at 95–98 °C for 20 min. The process of salt solution absorption by grain after processing during storage of preserved food model samples was considered. The author found out that absorption stops after 60 days of storage. Grain swelling ratio is k = 1.12.
Ice cream as a carrier of Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Рябцева Светлана , Ryabtseva Svetlana , Ахмедова Валида , Akhmedova Valida , Анисимов Георгий , Anisimov Georgiy
Published: January 2019

Ice cream is a product with specific composition and properties that are highly valued by a wide range of consumers. Peculiarities of ice cream composition and production technology make it possible to consider the product as a promising carrier and means of biologically active compounds and useful microorganisms supply. The article reveals morphological, biochemical, physiological, genetic and technological characteristics of L. acidophilus. It systematizes information on the existing methods used for production of ice cream with L. acidophilus. The author shows the influence of various forms of the introduced acidophilus bacteria and methods for their adaptation on ice cream quality indicators. The article provides the data on the properties of ice cream fermented and unfermented with this cultures. It reveals information on the impact of various technological, physicochemical and physiological factors on the survival capacity of pure culture L. acidophilus and its combination with other microorganisms in the process of ice cream production, storage and consumption. The author considers perspective ways of acidophilic ice cream production using various combinations of prebiotics, dietary fibers, replacing refined sugar with honey and unrefined sugars, introducing whey proteins, fruit puree, grain additives and other ingredients. The article presents the data on the influence of functional components on the production process and properties of ice cream containing acidophilus bacteria. The author systematized information on ice cream production using different strains of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. replacing cowʼs milk with vegetable analogues. Methods for producing ice cream with L. acidophilus and other starter cultures, including yogurt cultures are described. The review justifies practicability of L. acidophilus application in ice cream production. It reveals trends and issues in the area of functional use ice cream production.
INSTRUMENTS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF PROFILE EMPLOYMENT OF GRADUATES: LIMITATIONS AND RESULTS
Authors: Борисова Алена , Borisova Alena
Published: January 2019

The paper considers the way of theoretical and methodological research of solving the task of graduates’ professional employment, also it describes the consequences of putting in practice the standards of assistance of professional employment for graduates. Prospects and restraints of using the diagnostic methods in the graduates’ streaming are analyzed. The necessity of enlarging graduation employment’s types is reasoned on the base of searching types introduction. New method of defining the types of graduates’ employment is proved. The main criterion of this method’s efficiency is “closeness to the sphere of education”. According to the materials of regional researches, the author has grounds to suggest that the method can be made the part of the university’s informational system. The results show the influence of the externals of the educational sphere (type of specialization, qualification level, region, type of educational institution, graduation year and gender) on the professional employment of higher school graduates.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF TARGET-ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE INFORMATIZATION OF THESOCIETY IN KEMEROVO REGION
Authors: Ашмарова Ольга , Ashmarova Olga
Published: January 2019

The paper reflects the practice of a target-oriented approach to the informatization of the ociety in Kemerovo region. The author considers world experience and effect of realization of a target-oriented approach to the informatization of the Russian society on the whole. Particular attention is paid to the government program “Informational society of Kuzbass”, 2014-2017. The paper analyzes a method of evaluation of the program. The author studies the current performance of its realization. Positive and negative aspects of the practice of a target-oriented approach to the informatization of the society constitute the research result. Besides, negative aspects are considered as areas for further improvement of the process. They include methodological and practical aspects of target-oriented approach to the informatization of the society and evaluation of its effectiveness.
EMPLOYMENT IN THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY OVER THE PERIOD OF 2000 - 2014: LEVEL, DYNAMICS, FLEXIBILITY
Authors: Варшавская Елена , Varshavskaya Elena.
Published: January 2019

The paper discusses how employment in the Russian industry evolved over the period of 2000 - 2014. It starts with tracing one of the key labor market indicators: the level and dynamics of employment. Total employment in the Russian industry and employment in firms and enterprises (i.e. in the formal sector) declined over the whole period of 2000 - 2014. But employment in the informal sector was on the rise. The reallocation of labor into informality reduces productivity and growth. Then the author analyzes how the Russian industrial enterprises adapted to the output fall during the 2008 - 2009 economic crisis. Firms did this in three major ways. First, Russian firms froze new hires without active use of involuntary labor shedding. The second way is cutting working hours as firms shifted their personnel into administrative leaves or into short-time work. The third way is flexible wages.
NEW PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND INDEPENDENT EXPERT APPRAISAL: APPROACHES AND INTERCONNECTIONS
Authors: Казаков Михаил , Kazakov Michael , Макарова Ксения , Makarova Kseniya
Published: January 2019

The paper presents the general characteristics of public diplomacy and independent expert appraisal and describes the concepts’ interconnections which is extremely important for further research. The conclusion was drawn with consideration of comprehension and application of the soft power theory in Russia. It states that the development of the civil society institutes remains a state initiative. On the one hand, this assumption contradicts the idea of cooperative effort, on the other hand, the state creates artificial conditions for stimulation of the civil institutions which is logical considering the insufficient development of the civil society.
СREATION OF FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Недосекин Сергей , Nedosekin Sergey
Published: January 2019

Urrently, Russia is not included in the list of attractive countries for foreign investors. This paperis devoted to the analysis of foreign investment in the Russian Federation and the ways of creating favorable conditions for them. The methodology of the research is based on a review of analytical materials in open sources, primarily - the statistical information. According to the analysis, in 2014 the Russian economy witnessed a sharp decline in foreign investment, which is extremely worrying for the country’s economy.
FEMALE LABOR MIGRATION: THE INFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION
Authors: Микиденко Наталья , Mikidenko Natalia , Сторожева Светлана , Storozheva Svetlana
Published: January 2019

In view of the feminization of migration flows, the authors examine the particularities of the information needs of migrant-women, who arrived in Novosibirsk from Central Asia. The authors analyze the channels to obtain the information necessary for visiting adaptation, completeness and availability of information about conditions of stay, the thematic focus of the information which might be of interest to migrants. The research evaluates information gathered both prior to their arrival in Russia and that demanded in the region of residence. The article specifies some peculiar characteristics of information needs of women-mogrants, such as a more frequent use of information from migrants' ethnic networks than from official sources or their concerns about education and health care. The article touches upon the ways women-migrants get access to Internet sources and official Internet resources to locate information needed to solve vital issues. The authors prove the need to establish a system of information support of labour ethnic migration.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE COMPENSATION PACKAGE OF TOP MANAGERS: ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN PRACTICE
Authors: Бабина Светлана , Babina Svetlana , Бабин Сергей , Babin Sergey
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the structure of the compensation packages of top managers and peculiarities of the rewards of managers in this group. The theory of agents’ relations and the concept of strategic management are used as the methodological basis for the requirements for bonuses and compensation packages of the top managers, which define their characteristics. The analysis of the practice of forming top managers’ compensation packages is based on the data from the major Russian companies sharing the ownership with the State. The analysis shows that in 2014 - 2015, in accordance with the requirements of the transparency of confidential information, the companies approved a new edition of the Corporate Governance Code. The annual reports based on this Code reflect more comprehensive information about the systems, the amount and structure of bonuses of the boards of management and the collective management bodies. The reward systems are built using the key factors of the work performance. Meanwhile, in some companies the rate of bonuses growth outpaces the growth of the net income and revenue. For the management purposes, the authors propose to structure the compensation packages according to the functions of the compensation policy. The compensation packages of the top managers of Russian companies are compiled using the elaborated approach. The requirements for the formation of the compensation packages of top managers are determined in the article. In order to eliminate the discrepancy between the rate of change in the bonuses of top-managers, the revenue and the net profit, it is proposed to establish a coefficient of concordance, which has to be approved by the board of management. The bonuses to members of the Board from the annual net profit should be determined according to the approved coefficient of concordance and the value of bonuses received over the year. The results presented in the article will be used in the future studies on the development of theory and practice of the compensational management.
INNOVATIVE METHODS OF STAFF TRAINING FOR INDUSTRY SECTOR PROGRAMS OF IMPORT SUSBSTITUTION IN ALTAY REGION
Authors: Кайгородова Марина , Kaigorodova Marina
Published: January 2019

The article deals with investment projects which favour the development of import substitution in Altai Region. The basic requirements of the regional labour-market to the education of graduating students are analyzed. The author suggests some approaches to the human resource development. It is supposed that possessing of professional and management skills allows one to create investment projects as well as to estimate their economic effect.
ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL OF FACULTY MEMBERS
Authors: Масалова Юлия , Masalova Yuliya
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the potential of a high school teacher; the subject of study is employment potential and competitiveness of the university faculty member; research methods include analysis of statistical data and online-survey. The article presents the results of the research potential of the university teaching staff in the conditions of ongoing reforms in higher education and in connection with changing requirements to higher education institutions forfaculty members. It was determined that faculty members demonstrate high loyalty and commitment, but average engagement. It was revealed that the institution creates proper conditions for development and self-realization, creativity and communication. It was confirmed that university professors have a high scientific and innovative potential and willingness to conduct research. The conclusion is that the employment potential of university staff is not used to the full. It was determined that the majority of the teaching staff appreciates personal competitiveness. And only one out of five is aware of the need to develop their personal competitiveness in line with the new requirements. The results of the study may be useful for university governance within the management of human resources quality.
Mathematical modeling on non-dispersive extraction of germanium from aqueous solutions using Aliquat 336
Authors: Kamran Haghighi Hossein , Irannajad Mehdi , Fortuny Agustin , Sastre Ana Maria
Published: January 2019

In this work, the mathematical modeling of the facilitated transport of germanium (non-dispersive extraction) through a flat sheet membrane with an Aliquat 336 carrier was described. The flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) experiments were performed under conditions germanium ≈ 100 mg/L, tartaric acid concentration of 2.76 mmol/L, and carrier concentrations of 2.5–10%v/v. The extraction equilibrium, mass transfer, and diffusion equations based on Fick's law were the principles of modeling. Modeling was carried out by programming in Matlab mathematical software to obtain the extraction (Kex) and mass transfer constants (Km) as the objective parameters. According to the model resolution, Kex and Km were found to be 0.178 and 9.25 × 10−2 cm/s, respectively. The correlation coefficients between model and experimental data relating to the Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were found as 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.92. The parameters of root mean square error, bias, and scatter index showed the model accuracy. In addition, diffusion coefficients relating to Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were calculated using mass transfer coefficients to be 2.4 × 10−4, 2.23 × 10−4, 1.91 × 10−4, and 1.79 × 10−4 cm2/s, respectively.
Management of Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Chemotherapy
Authors: Fradkin Maayan , Batash Ron , Elmaleh Shiran , Debi Ronen , Schaffer Pamela , Schaffer Moshe , Asna Noam
Published: January 2019

Background:

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is considered
a severe side effect of therapeutic agents with limited treatment options. The incidence of
CIPN in cancer patients is approximately 3–7% in cytostatic monotherapy and as high as 38%
in cases of polychemotherapy. The prevalence of CIPN was found to be 68% within the first
month of chemotherapy treatment. In some cases, CIPN can resolve, partially or completely,
after completion of the treatment; in other cases, it can remain for a long time and affect the
patient's quality of life.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to present up-to-date data regarding available treatment
options for the management of CIPN.

Materials and Methods:

The up-to-date guidelines of ESMO (European Society for Medical
Oncology), ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology), ONS (Oncology Nursing Society),
NCI (National Cancer Institute), and NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network)
were reviewed and included in the manuscript.

Results:

The use of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitor (SSNRI), pregabalin, and gabapentin are recommended as first-line treatment.
Other treatment options were offered as second and third lines of treatment (lidocaine patches,
capsaicin high-concentration patches, tramadol, and strong opioids, respectively); however,
lower significance was demonstrated. Inconclusive results were found in the use of cannabinoids,
drug combinations, antiepileptics, antidepressants, and topical drugs.

Conclusion:

TCA, other antidepressants, and opioids could be recommended as treatment.
Yet, we could not recommend an ideal therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of
CIPN. Therefore, CIPN continues to be a challenge to clinicians and our patients.
Epigenetic Targets and their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Le , Duan Yong-Tao , Lu Ping , Zhang Zhi-Juan , Zheng Xiao-Ke , Wang Jun-Lei , Feng Wei-Sheng
Published: January 2019

Epigenetics is defined as the stable and heritable alternations in gene expression without
changing the DNA nucleotide sequence. The initiation and progression of cancer result from not only
genetic mutation, but also aberrant epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation and histones acetylation.
Although Genetic alternations cannot be reversed, epigenetic modification is a dynamic and reversible
process. Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in the research of epigenetic
medications and a variety of drugs have been developed targeting at epigenetic regulatory proteins,
which are capable of restoring malignant cancer cells to the normal state. The epigenetic drugs currently
approved for cancer treatment mainly target at DNA methylation and histones acetylation. In addition,
there are a great many epigenetic drugs in clinical trials for cancer therapy, such as inhibitors of DNA
methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, lysine specific demethylases, and
BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) family proteins. We will discuss the latest developments
of these inhibitors and their applications in cancer therapy.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Driesen Bart W. , Warmerdam Evangeline G. , Sieswerda Gert-Jan , Meijboom Folkert J. , Molenschot Mirella M.C. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Krings Gregor J. , van Dijk Arie P.J. , Voskuil Michiel
Published: January 2019

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) with right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT)
dysfunction need sequential pulmonary valve replacements throughout their life in the majority of
cases. Since their introduction in 2000, the number of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantations
(PPVI) has grown and reached over 10,000 procedures worldwide. Overall, PPVI has been proven
safe and effective, but some anatomical variations can limit procedural success. This review discusses
the current status and future perspectives of the procedure.
BPA and Nutraceuticals, Simultaneous Effects on Endocrine Functions
Authors: D'Angelo Stefania , Scafuro Marika , Meccariello Rosaria
Published: January 2019

Background:

Bisphenol A (BPA) is worldwide diffused as a monomer of epoxy resins and
polycarbonate plastics and has recognized activity as Endocrine Disruptor (ED). It is capable to interfere
or compete with endogenous hormones in many physiological activities thus having adverse outcomes
on health. Diet highly affects health status and in addition to macronutrients, provides a large
number of substances with recognized pro-heath activity, and thus called nutraceuticals.

Objective:

This mini-review aims at summarizing the possible opposite and simultaneous effects of
BPA and nutraceuticals on endocrine functions. The possibility that diet may represent the first instrument
to preserve health status against BPA damages has been discussed.

Methods:

The screening of recent literature in the field has been carried out.

Results:

The therapeutic and anti-oxidant properties of many nutraceuticals may reverse the adverse
health effects of BPA.

Conclusion:

In vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence that nutraceuticals can preserve the health.
Thus, the use of nutraceuticals can be considered a support for clinical treatment. In conclusion, dietary
remediation may represent a successful therapeutic approach to maintain and preserve health against
BPA damage.
Efficacy and Safety of an Intracameral Combination of Two Mydriatics and an Anesthetic for Phacoemulsification in Complicated Patients
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Baratozzi Valentina , Sole Polito Maria , Tridico Federico
Published: January 2019

Background:

Advantages of intracameral mydriatics have been demonstrated in healthy patients, but safety and efficacy in complicated subjects remain to be assessed.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of an intracameral combination of phenylephrine (0.31%), tropicamide (0.02%) and lidocaine (1%) (Mydrane®, Thea Inc.) in phacoemulsification surgery in subgroups of patients affected by different systemic and ocular diseases.

Methods:

125 patients were recruited and compared with a control group of 39 patients. Both groups have been divided according to the presence/absence of ocular or systemic diseases. In course of surgery, grade of mydriasis and ocular analgesia have been evaluated by the surgeon. During follow-up, eventual adverse events have been monitored. Also, comfort reported by patients and surgeon has been investigated.

Results:

99.2% of patients receiving the intracameral formulation achieved acceptable mydriasis (> 6 mm), maintained during capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification and IOL insertion without the need of additional mydriatics. No adverse events or sings of unsuccessful surgery were observed among treated patients.

Conclusion:

An intracameral mydriatic solution can be a safe and comfortable tool for inducing and maintaining intraoperative mydriasis and analgesia, even in complicated patients.
Adverse Trends in the Etiology of Orthopedic Infection: Results of 6-Year Monitoring of the Structure and Resistance of Leading Pathogens
Authors: Bozhkova S. A. , Kasimova A. R. , Tikhilov R. M. , Polyakova E. M. , Rukina A. N. , Shabanova V. V. , Liventsov V. N.
Published: January 2019

Osteomyelitis remains one of the most intractable diseases. The nature of the pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics significantly affect the outcome and cost of treatment.The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of the leading pathogens of orthopedic infection for the period 2012– 2017.Material and methods. The structure of pathogens isolated from the focus of infection from 2774 patients with periprosthetic infection and chronic osteomyelitis was retrospectively analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of the leading pathogens that occupied more than 4% in the species structure was studied. Comparative analysis of changes in the spectrum of pathogens and antibiotic resistance was carried out for the periods 2012-2013, 2014–2015 and 2016-2017. Epidemiological analysis was performed in the program „microbiological monitoring system” Microbe-2. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Z-criterion.Results. From 2774 patients with orthopedic infection have been isolated 4359 strains, in the structure of which about 73.5% were occupied by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. representatives of the family Enterobacteriacea. In 27% of the cases, microorganisms of other species were identified. Microbial associations were identified in 19.4% of cases. In the structure of the leading Gram(+) pathogens, a significant decrease in the incidence of S. aureus was detected, while the share of S. epidermidis increased significantly. Among the leading Gram(-) microorganisms, a significant increase in the proportion of representatives of the fam. Enterobacteriacea was found, against the background of a decrease in the share of Acinetobacter sp. and P. aeruginosa. The level of resistance of MSSA to the studied antibiotics ranged from 0.1 to 8.8%, for MSSE the spread was from 1.9 to 16.7%. Negative dynamics of growth of resistance of non-fermenting bacteria is established. The strains of Acinetobacter sp. demonstrated greater resistance to tested antibiotics in comparison with P. aeruginosa.Conclusion. An increase in the role of S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae in the etiology of orthopedic infection was established. The revealed increase in the resistance of microbial pathogens to most tested and used antibiotics should be taken into account in the appointment of empirical antibiotic therapy. The extremely high frequency of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones excludes the possibility of their empirical use, which requires the management of carbapenems in the starting treatment regimens. High resistance to fluoroquinolones limits the ability of oral antibiotic therapy in patients with periprosthetic infection.
Surgical Treatment of Spine Deformations after Neonatal Sepsis (The Analysis of Clinical Series)
Authors: Zorin V. I. , Naumov D. G. , Mushkin A. Yu. , Evseev V. A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Neonatal sepsis presents one of the current issues in modern pediatrics. The orthopedic outcomes of such a state and the possibility of treatment, in particular by surgical spinal reconstruction, are rarely analyzed. Objective. To analyze pathology features and treatment outcomes in infants with vertebral complications resulted from neonatal sepsis.Material and Methods. The analysis of observation and treatment of 15 infants, who have undergone neonatal sepsis which led to vertebral lesion with subsequent gross kyphotic deformity formation, is presented.Results. Average age of infants was 2.5 months when spinal pathology was diagnosed. In 7 of the 15 observations, a local angular kyphosis was revealed when the acute phase of disease was already passed („cured“). The thoracic vertebrae were most often affected, mainly Th 7-8 vertebral bodies. Average kyphosis was 53°. All infants were operated on during the period from 2006 to 2017. Each had two-stage spinal reconstruction including the anterior spinal fusion using a titanium mesh cage filled with bone autografts, or an autogenous bone graft only. At the second stage, the instrumental correction and fixation of the spine with a multi-support laminar structure were performed. Average age of patients at the time of surgery was 14 months. Average value of kyphosis correction was 27°. Further correction and anterior spinal fusion were achieved when performing the incorporation of a titanium mesh cage with bone autografts. The histological and bacteriological examination of the surgical material did not reveal any signs of infection or inflammation. Correction of deformity and restoration of the supporting strength of anterior vertebral column as a result of surgery were achieved in all cases. Various complications in the early and late followup period were reported in a total of 7 cases. Repeated interventions were required in two patients: in one case in the early period (dislocation of the structure supporting hook) and in one case in the long-term period (graft resorption and kyphotic deformity relapse).Conclusion. One of the complications of neonatal sepsis is severe multilevel thoracic spondylitis, the outcome of which is the formation of severe kyphosis against the background of subtotal bone vertebral destruction. The principal possibility of radical spine reconstruction in infants with achievement of good anatomical and functional results is shown.
Surgical Hip Dislocation Technique in Treatment of Patients with Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Vvedenskiy P. S. , Tenilin N. A. , Vlasov M. V. , Bogosyan A. B. , Novikov A. V.
Published: January 2019

Purpose: to evaluate the efficiency of modified Dunn procedure for treatment of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis.Material and Methods. The authors used the modified Duim procedure for treatment of 6 patients with SCFE aged from 10 to 13 years and displacement degree over 55°. Chronic disease form was reported in one patient, acute displacement along the chronic process was reported in 5 patients. All patients had a stable form of SCFE by Loder classification. Surgical procedure was performed within 6 to 12 months from the onset of disease.Results. Normal anatomical relations in the hip joint were restored in all patients. During follow up from 18 until 48 months the patients did not demonstrate aseptic femoral head necrosis or chondrolysis. Adolescents did not complain on pain or hip motion limitations. Treatment outcomes assessment by Harris hip score was 97 points.Conclusion. Based on outcomes of the modified Durm procedure the authors conclude that the method provides for complete restoration of the anatomical relations between femoral neck and epiphysis and, thus, the hip joint biomechanics. Femur dislocation allows to form an extended flap to ensure epiphysis perfusion which improves overall blood supply in the femoral head and consequently decreases the risk of aseptic necrosis and chondrolysis
Midterm Treatment Outcomes of Proximal Humerus Fractures by Intramedullary Fixation
Authors: Egiazaryan K. A. , Ratyev A P. , Gordienko D. I. , Grigoriev A. V. , Ovcharenko N. V.
Published: January 2019

Background. Treatment tactics of proximal humerus fractures remains a matter of dispute due to multiple cases of unsatisfactory outcomes and high rate of postoperative complications.The aim of the study — to evaluate midterm outcomes of intramedullary fixation for treatment the proximal humerus fractures in comparison with plate fixation.Material and Methods. The authors evaluated treatment outcomes of 175 patients with proximal humerus fractures who underwent surgery in the period from 2012 to 2017. Depending on the fixation method the patients were divided into two groups: the main group consisted of 107 patients who underwent intramedullary fixation by a nail of third generation; a comparison group — consisting of 68 patients who underwent fixation by a locking plate with angular stability.Results. In one year after intramedullary nail fixation the authors observed the excellent and good outcomes on Constant scale in 83.2% of cases, satisfactory — 12.1%, unsatisfactory — 4.7%. Patients who underwent plate fixation demonstrated the following outcomes: excellent and good — 73.5%, satisfactory — 17.7%, unsatisfactory — in 8.8%. Constant score increase was equal in the main and control groups and varied depending on the fracture type.Conclusion. Intramedullary nailing is an option for treatment of all fracture types of proximal humerus as well as for the cases of combined humeral neck and diaphysis fractures. Functional recovery parameters were higher in the main group of patients after intramedullary nailing.
HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY IN ARCHETYPAL AFRICAN NOVELS
Authors: Alsyouf Amjad
Published: January 2019

The study attempts to examine the concept of hegemonic masculinity in Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North (1966) and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958). To achieve that it deals with two concerns. First, it tackles the process of development of masculinity attempting to identify hegemonic masculinity among other stages within this process.  Secondly, it investigates hegemonic masculinity as a concept occasionally occurs in popular African fiction with emphasis placed on its presence in Salih's Season of Migration to the North and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. The research concludes with a recommendation to focus more research efforts on literature that deals with hypermasculinity, the stage succeeding hegemonic masculinity, as it needs immediate consideration due to its critical impact on contemporary world and audience.HEGEMONI MASKULINITAS DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL ARCHETYPAL AFRICANPenelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep mengenai hegemoni maskulinitas di Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to The North (1996) dan Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) ini berfokus pada dua hal. Pertama, mengkaji proses perkembangan maskulinitas untuk mengidentifikasi hegemoni maskulinitas. Kedua, menginvestigasi hegemoni maskulinitas sebagai sebuah konsep yang selalu muncul dalam karya-karya fiksi afrika dengan penekanan pada Salih’s Season of Migration to The North and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Penelitian ini memberikan simpulan dan rekomendasi pada fokus penelitian selanjutnya yang berkaitan dengan hipermaskulinitas, seperti suksesnya hegemoni maskulinitas yang perlu dipertimbangkan penelitiannya karena dampak yang kritis dari dunia dan audiens saat ini.
Psikoedukasi “IKESMEN” Untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Kesehatan Mental Siswa pada Guru
Authors: Rulanggi Runi , Hastjarjo Thomas Dicky
Published: January 2019

This study was to determine the effects of “Ikesmen” (e-mental health)Psychoeducation program in improving mental health literacy in secondary school teachersin Yogyakarta. Thirty secondary school teachers in Yogyakarta participated in the study.Fifteen teachers in the experimental group received “Ikesmen” program and fifteen teachers inthe control group did not receive treatment. The untreated control group design with pretestand posttest samples were used. The validity of “Ikesmen” program was tested in accordanceto Rusell module development principles (V coefficient is 0.775-0.8461). LiteracyQuestionnaires, Mental Health Stigma Questionnaires, and Mental health Knowledge Testwere used to collect data. Mixed analysis of variance was conducted to analyse the data. Theresults showed that there were no differences in the scores of mental health literacy betweenthe experimental group and control group (F=0.188, p =0.01< 0.668). There was no significantimprovement in the experimental group treated with Ikesmen Psychoeducation in comparisonwith the control group (F=0.640, p= 0.01<0.431). Further research is required to obtaindescription on the impact of technology usage in improving mental health literacy.
Vigilantism A 'Twilight Institution': Islamic Vigilante Groups and the State in Post-Suharto Yogyakarta
Authors: Arrobi Moh Zaki
Published: January 2019

The paper attempts to comprehend the nexus between identity politics, vigilantism, and citizenship within Islamist groups in Yogyakarta in the post-Suharto era. As numerous studies have revealed, post-Suharto era’s democracy in Indonesia has been marked by the persistence of militias, gangs, vigilantism, and street politics. These groups have largely embraced ethnicity, religion, and localism as their symbolism that represents a community that they claim they are defending. The widespread of identity-based groups that frequently breaking the law and public order have been portrayed either as the emergence of ‘uncivil society’ elements that challenging the state authority and threatening the very foundations of civil society and democratic values (see Beittenger, 2009, Jones, 2015, Hefner, 2016) or as the criminals that defend the political and economic interest of the oligarchic elites (Hadiz, 2003:607).  Without rejecting certain degree of fact within these studies, the article suggests that these explanations failed to understand the complexity of such groups and what constitutes their persistence in the local political landscape. This article argues that such groups have exercised a form of citizenship that is characterised by the mobilisation of local support, patronage politics and discourse of localised ‘Islamic populism’. In this regard, it suggests that the prominence of Islamist-vigilante groups in Yogyakarta lies in their role as ‘Twilight institution’ that can channel the citizens into the state institutions not just to negotiating their basic rights such as employment and public service through exploiting violence, patronage, and security business but also to defending their imagined and localised Ummah community.  In doing so, it embraces the notions that boundary between state and non-state is far more complex and often blurred; therefore, it will be fruitful to recognize that the state authority should be regarded as mingled result of the exercise of power by a variety of local institutions and the imposition of external institutions rather than a coherent and fixed institution (Migdal, 2004, Lunds, 2006).In making such arguments, the paper takes the role of Islamist groups in Yogyakarta particularly groups that loosely associated with the Development United Party (PPP) such as Gerakan Pemuda Kaaba (Kaaba Youth Movement), Gerakan Anti Maksiat (Anti-Vice Movement), and Laskar Hizbullah (Hizbullah troops) as the exemplar for elucidating the intersection between identity politics, vigilantism, and citizenship in localized political landscape. The primary data was conducted through in-depth interviews as well as participatory observations during 2014-2016.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ALPHA ARBUTIN SKIN LIGHTENING CREAM USING POLYACRYLATE BASE BY COLD PROCESS
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Gozali Dolih -
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate and evaluate alpha arbutin skin lightening cream using polyacrylate base by cold process.Methods: Five formulas of alpha arbutin skin lightening cream were prepared with Polyacrylate Base with different polyacrylate concentrations as a cream base for each formula. The various concentrations of polyacrylate (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6%) was used as a cream base. The resulting preparation was then examined and observed for consistency, color, odor, and stability for 28 d of storage.Results: The phase separation test results stated that the five cream formulas did not experience phase separation in 2500, 3000, and 3750 rpm centrifugations so that it could be concluded that the five cream formulas were stable in storage at room temperature for at least 12 mo. From the physical evaluation of cream preparations, it was found that the cream formula with 6% polyacrylate concentration gave the best stability results. Cream safety testing results stated that the cream did not irritate the skin of the wearer.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly indicated alpha arbutin cream can be formulated using polyacrylate as a cream base, and in its manufacture, it can be carried out with a cold process.
PARTHENIUM MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Ramamurthy Siva Kumar , Sridhar Chenchugari
Published: January 2019

Objective: To biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent and its characterization by spectroscopic techniques.Methods: A novel method was developed to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles by using zinc nitrate as a precursor and biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was mediated by parthenium hysterophorous plant extract without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature). This new method involves simple techniques such as centrifugation, filtration, and stirring. Zinc oxide nanoparticles formation was confirmed by analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using parthenium hysterophorous plant extract as a reducing agent. The XRD measurement showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles possess a typical hexagonal structure and the crystallite size of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was found to be 32 nm calculated by scherrer’s formula. The SEM images show agglomeration of zinc oxide nanoparticles that are spherical clusters. The maximum absorbance (380 nm) of UV-Visible spectroscopy further confirmed synthesized nanoparticles are zinc oxide. The Raman spectra show both E2 mode and E1 mode, which indicates that the prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles possess crystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure.Conclusion: A method was established to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles with parthenium hysterophorous plant extract which is a novel approach without the aid of external energy (high pressure and temperature), and formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. This method can be used in pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of an antimicrobial agent.
EFFECT OF HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC POLYMER MATRIX ON THE TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY OF ETHINYLESTRADIOL AND MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Chauhan Shikha Baghel , Naved Tanveer , Parvez Nayyar
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aims of the present study were to develop different matrix patches with various ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer combinations such as ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and eudragit RL 100 (ERL) and eudragit RS 100 (ERS) containing ethinylestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate and to perform physicochemical characterization and in vitro permeation studies through rat skin.Methods: Six formulations (F1 to F6) were developed by varying the concentration of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer and keeping the drug load constant. Physical parameters and drug excipient interaction studies were evaluated in all the formulations. In vitro, skin permeation profiles of ethinylestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate from various formulations were simultaneously characterized in a thermostatically controlled modified Franz Diffusion cell. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry.Results: The results suggested no physicochemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. In vitro permeation studies were performed by using Franz diffusion cells, patches coded as F3 (ethyl cellulose: polyvinylpyrrolidone, 7.5:2.5) and F6 (eudragit RL 100 (ERL) and eudragit RS 100 (ERS), 8:2) can be chosen for further in vivo studies. The results followed Higuchi kinetics (r = 0.9953-0.9979), and the mechanism of release was diffusion mediated. Based on physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation studies of 85.64% (for F3) and 88.62% (for F6) of ethinylestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate.Conclusion: The developed transdermal patches are stable, non-irritating and had increased efficacy of ethinylestradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate and therefore had a good potential for antifertility treatment.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF CURCUMIN AND PIPERINE BY RP-HPLC
Authors: B. Ramya Kuber
Published: January 2019

Objective: To develop a simple, sensitive, specific, accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of curcumin and piperine.Methods: The separation was done using a column Inertsil–ODS C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5µ particle size) and mobile phase composed of methanol: water (45:55 v/v), flow rate at 1 ml/min and detection was carried out at 282 nm with photodiode array (PDA) detector.Results: The separation of curcumin and piperine were found to be at the retention time of 2.433 min and 3.095 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear at a concentration range 20-80 µg/ml for curcumin and piperine. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.05µg/ml and 0.17µg/ml for curcumin and 0.18µg/ml and 0.53µg/ml for piperine respectively. The average percentage recoveries of curcumin and piperine were in the range of 98-100.6%.Conclusion: A simple and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the estimation of curcumin and piperine.
COMPARISON OF THIMEROSAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE FORMULATION OF EYE DROPS CONTAINING NEOMYCIN SULFATE AND CHLORAMPHENICOL
Authors: Abdassah Marline , Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri
Published: January 2019

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the preservative efficacy of thimerosal in eye drops formulation containing neomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol as the active agents.Methods: Determination of thimerosal concentration in combinations with chloramphenicol and neomycin sulfate was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Then the thimerosal ineffective and minimal concentration was formulated into eye drops, each with 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol as the active ingredient. Evaluation of eye drops was carried out for 28 d, which included: visual observation, pH measurement, sterility, and effectiveness test.Results: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% remain to provide antibacterial activity against common eyes contaminants. Both eyes drops containing neomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol resulted in clear solution, sterile, and stable in the pH and antibacterial potency,showed the efficacy of thimerosal’s role in eye drops at the lowest concentration. But, the thimerosal stability as a preservative agent was affected by the pH values of the eye drops solution. Therefore, the effectivity of thimerosal in chloramphenicol (pH 7.19-7.22) was better than neomycin sulfate (6.45-6.60). Compared with F0 (without thimerosal), the increasing of inhibitory diameter in F1 and F2 from both eyes drops formula exhibited the significant role of thimerosal as the preservative agent. The synergistic effect of the preservative agent in the formula produced a better product stability than the eye drop without thimerosal. Conclusion: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% exhibited effective concentration as a preservative in eye drops containing 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE-CYSTEAMINE CONJUGATE AS A NOVEL CATIONIC THIOMER WITH LIPOPHILIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Rahmat Deni , Rahman Fikry A. R. , Nurhidayati Liliek , Laksmitawati Dian Ratih
Published: January 2019

Objective: Thiomers have been known as polymer with mucoadhesive properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize the mucoadhesive potential of hydroxypropyl cellulose-cysteamine conjugate (HPC-cysteamine).Methods: The parent polymer HPC was chemically modified by introducing sulphydryl bearing compound using reductive amination. HPC-cysteamine conjugates were prepared at reaction pH value of 5. The reaction was stabilized by the addition of cyanoborohydride. Afterwards, the conjugate was evaluated for optimum free thiol group, swelling behavior, viscosity and mucoadhesive properties.Results: The conjugates showed maximum thiol incorporation on HPC of 1063.03±64.27 µmol/g. The disulphide groups content was 278.71±32.14 μmol/g. Mucoadhesion studies revealed that mucoadhesion of HPC-cysteamine demonstrated 26 h. The swelling behaviour of HPC-cysteamine tablets increased within the time period of study. The viscosity of HPC-cysteamine was higher than that of unmodified HPC. The thermal profile of HPC-cysteamine and unmodified HPC analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) displayed a different enthalpy (ΔH) value.Conclusion: HPC-cysteamine conjugate renders better properties which might be more beneficial for drug delivery system compared to unmodified HPC.