bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practices of entomophagy and entomotherapy in Bangladesh
Authors: Dev S. , Hassan K. , Claes J. , Mozahid M.N. , Khatun H. , Mondal M.F.
Published: September 2020

Aspects of entomophagy and entomotherapy of ethnic people in Bangladesh are documented as this practice is believed to ensure future food security. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving six insect-consuming ethnic groups: Garo, Chakma, Tanchangya, Marma, Mro, and Tripura. A total of 36 insect species of 19 families and 7 orders were consumed by them. In terms of species, those of the Coleoptera ranked highest (14), followed by Hymenoptera (7), Orthoptera (5), Hemiptera (5) and Blattodea (3 species); one species each belonged to Ephemeroptera and Odonata. The field cricket (Brachytrupes sp.), short-horned grasshopper (Oxya sp.) and giant water bug (Lethocerus indicus) were most preferred, reaching respective acceptance levels of 84, 83, and 79% by the respondents of all ethnic groups taken together. The total number of species used as human food by the Chakma, Marma, Mro, Tanchangya, Tripura, and Garo was 32, 22, 29, 21, 26, and 14, respectively. Nine species were used to treat coughs, fevers, nocturnal emissions, burning and gastroenteritis. People gathered the insects mainly from the insects’ natural habitat and consumed them as snacks or part of a meal. The availability of edible insects depended on the season. Despite consumer demand, insect consumption is decreasing, apparently due to the unavailability of insects because of the random application of pesticides and fertilisers. The top three entomophagy constraints include lack of knowledge to farm insects, to harvest them, and to effectively store and preserve them. By overcoming these constraints, practices of entomophagy might play additional role in increasing future food security in Bangladesh through developing edible insect industry.
Faculty Development: A Transcultural Experience
Authors: Thomas Barbara , Al-Ma'Aitah Rowaida , Cameron Sheila , Drake Mary Louise , Rajacich Dale
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

A collaborative education program between Schools of Nursing at the Jordan University of Science and Technology and the University of Windsor, funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), provides advanced clinical and theoretical education for Jordanian faculty and thus enriches the education of nursing students. This article describes the preparation of the faculty development proposal and the implementation of the project in a transcultural context, and identifies strengths and limitations of the project. Recommendations for effective strategies regarding international development in nursing education are made and a discussion of the benefits that ensued to both faculties is included.
Online Learning Before, During and After COVID-19: Observations Over 20 Years
Authors: Wieland Natalie , Kollias Liz
Published: September 2020

Natalie Wieland has been delivering online learning for over 15 years as both a lecturer and workplace trainer. In her paper, she reflects on how digital learning has evolved from the days of moving PowerPoints to the highly polished and produced modules with an equally high price. Natalie reviews the first response during COVID-19 when so many rushed to deliver their content online, using tools such as Zoom. Natalie also provides her thoughts on what we have learned during this period, including the need to provide synchronous and asynchronous learning, the need to include the educator in the process and empower them with digital tools to create online content and the need to make online learning authentic and not over produced. It is still content and design that is critical. She also offers some predictions around what the future will look like with digital learning in the workplace, with lessons we have all learned.

 
Development of Detector Vibrating Watch Model for 100-Meter Dash Race for Visually-impaired Athletes
Authors: Andajani Sri Joeda , Wirawan Oce , Pamuji Pamuji
Published: September 2020

Rapidly developing technology in the 21st century brings significant change to youth education. The paradigm shift requires a change to comply to the model of technological knowledge century, including in sports. People with visual-impairment experiences movement limitations in their environment.Limited visual affects their daily activity. The 100-meter dash is one of the races performed by athletes with visually-impairment. Thus, the development of a detector vibrating watch model which can give signals or alarm when performing race in the track without an assistant is needed. The use of detector vibrating watch could help visually-impaired athletes to directly determine their position and when would they arrive to finish line. This conditioning could minimalize the crash between athletes because each athlete could finish in their respective supposed track. Thus, visually-impaired athletes could achieve their maximum time according to their ability without hindrance during the dash. However, the development of detector vibrating watch had not yet being used as assisting product in the specialized 100-meter dash for the visually-impaired. Appropriateness of this detector vibrating watch model for track dash required thinking from athletic sport, special education, and electrical engineering experts via focus group discussion. The result of expert development showed that the detector watch model was initiated from the 100-meter dash for people with visual-impairment.
Neurofeedback Training for Social Cognitive Deficits: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kumari Manju , Sharma Ankita
Published: September 2020

Orndorff and his colleagues [1] suggested that if a neural activity is considered a treatment variable instead of outcome, it widens the scope of research and has a specific implication for social neuroscience. Given this, the empirical evidence is collected and analyzed where neural activity as self-manipulation design through neurofeedback training specifically for social cognition deficit is done. The objective of the present article is to provide a systematic review of 1) how NFT is utilized to treat social cognitive deficits, 2) how NFT is utilized to target Social Cognition Deficit in ASD, 3) examining the directions, strengths, and quality of evidence to support the use of NFT for ASD. The databases for studies were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, Science Direct, Psychinfo, and Google Scholar, using combinations of the following keywords: ‘Neurofeedback,’ ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder,’ ‘Mu Rhythm’ and ‘Social Cognition.’ Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were specific to 1) autistic and typically developed population, 2) intervention study, 3) Delivered by NFT, 4) participants showed social cognitive deficit and/or improvement. Total one eighty-seven studies were found of key interest; out of which 17 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. All studies reported the improvement in different domains of social cognition and were moderately methodologically sound. Eleven out of seventeen studies satisfied the trainability and interpretability criteria suggested by Zoefel and his colleagues [2]. The conclusion from the present review is in line with comments of Marzbani and colleagues [3] that, ‘current research does not provide sufficient conclusive results about its efficacy.’ The patterns and directions concluded from studies related to protocol, methodology and results are discussed in detail in the present review.
Mettre en valeur le vêtement régional. Une expérience de médiation numérique au musée de Bretagne
Authors: Ferret Amélie , Riquet Isabelle , Le Rolland-Raumer Laurine , Saëz Lucie , Migliaccio Manon , Dupont Marie , Saignol. Sophie
Published: September 2020

Cet article dresse un bilan du projet de fin d’études mené pendant l’année universitaire 2018-2019 en partenariat avec le musée de Bretagne. Ce projet consiste en une visite virtuelle disponible sur l’application GuidiGo qui accompagne la refonte de la vitrine « S’habiller en Bretagne ». Ce parcours numérique a été présenté au public à l’occasion de la Nuit européenne des musées le 18 mai 2019, au moment de l’inauguration de la nouvelle vitrine. Les autrices reviennent sur la commande initiale du musée de Bretagne ainsi que sur les processus de réflexion et de conception de ce parcours.
Content-Based Transaction Access From Distributed Ledger of Blockchain Using Average Hash Technique
Authors: Kumar Randhir , Tripathi Rakesh
Published: September 2020

There are many critical applications working with blockchain-based technology including the financial sector, healthcare, and supply chain management. The fundamental application of blockchain is Bitcoin, which was primarily designed for the financial value transfer. Owing to the feature of decentralized storage structure, immutability, integrity, availability, and reliability of transactions, the blockchain has become the need of the current industry like VANET. However, presently, not much work has been done in order to mitigate the redundancy in the distributed ledger. Hence, the authors arrive at the intelligible conclusion to detect a similar transaction that can mitigate the redundancy of transaction in a distributed ledger. In this chapter, they are addressing two main challenges in blockchain technology: firstly, how to minimize the storage size of blockchain distributed ledger and, secondly, detecting the similar transaction in the distributed ledger to mitigate the redundancy. To detect similar transaction from the distributed ledger they have applied the average hash technique.
Predictability of AI Decisions
Authors: Musiolik Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

Artificial intelligence evolves rapidly and will have a great impact on the society in the future. One important question which still cannot be addressed with satisfaction is whether the decision of an intelligent agent can be predicted. As a consequence of this, the general question arises if such agents can be controllable and future robotic applications can be safe. This chapter shows that unpredictable systems are very common in mathematics and physics although the underlying mathematical structure can be very simple. It also shows that such unpredictability can also emerge for intelligent agents in reinforcement learning, especially for complex tasks with various input parameters. An observer would not be capable to distinguish this unpredictability from a free will of the agent. This raises ethical questions and safety issues which are briefly presented.
Cognitive Computing and Its Applications
Authors: P. Sandhya , Mujumdar Aishwarya Madhav , Biswas Abhijit
Published: September 2020

Cognitive computing is a combination of cognitive science and computer science. Cognitive science is study of the human brain and its functionality whereas computer science seems to have severe impacts in our personal lives, healthcare, etc. Use of massive unstructured data in past few years have led to invention of cognitive systems. Programmable computers focused on fast calculations of large amounts of data whereas cognitive systems are intended towards exploring data, finding new correlations, and context in data in order to come up with new solutions. The goal of cognitive computing is to increase boundaries of human perception instead of replacing the way human thinks. A new industrial revolution in the form of cognitive computing is responsible for job automation healthcare, transportation, home automation, and many more. This chapter includes a brief history of cognitive computing and also the eras of computing in order to understand the growth of cognitive computing in future and also the applications based on cognitive technology.
The Bad, the Good, and the Rebellious Bots
Authors: Lombardo Silvia
Published: September 2020

The researcher explores the world's first use of AI. In the “Bad Bot” section, the authors look at the negative impact of AI in politics with the first elections won in history through the use of AI's bots and trolls propaganda, and how it could bring to a more dystopian future with deepfakes. In the “Good Bot” section, they focus on positive case studies; starting with the 2021 Tokyo Olympics and health, they explore AI techniques applied from the infinitive small, Higgs Boson, to the infinitely large, dark matter; we'll meet Cimon at the Space Station; AI in climate change and pioneer UN projects such as “Earth” and “Humanitarian” AI; in education, they look at the latest use of AI helping schools and EU project “Time Machine.” They also see examples done to tackle the “Bad Bots” section looking at what is being implemented. This chapter will finally look at the world's first rebellious behaviour in bots with funny examples that will make you think.
Building a Framework to Achieve Work-Life Balance
Authors: Richards Amanda , Richards Don
Published: September 2020

Based on their trials and errors as a co-working couple over a two-year period, the authors developed and refined a series of actionable steps for others to adopt when attempting to balance their home life with their work life. They note what sparse academic literature is available for co-working couples, identify issues and problems, and offer various recommendations on developing balance through reflection, self-care, and effective communication. They conclude that the process of developing a personal framework for work-life balance is just as much a personal endeavor as it is a team endeavor and will require constant work and revisions in order to be truly effective in the long run.
Applications of ANN for Agriculture Using Remote Sensed Data
Authors: M. Geetha , Karegowda Asha Gowda , Rudrappa Nandeesha , G. Devika
Published: September 2020

Ever since the advent of modern geo information systems, tracking environmental changes due to natural and/or manmade causes with the aid of remote sensing applications has been an indispensable tool in numerous fields of geography, most of the earth science disciplines, defense, intelligence, commerce, economics, and administrative planning. Remote sensing is used in science and technology, and through it, an object can be identified, measured, and analyzed without physical presence for interpretation. In India remote sensing has been using since 1970s. One among these applications is the crop classification and yield estimation. Using remote sensing in agriculture for crop mapping, and yield estimation provides efficient information, which is mainly used in many government organizations and the private sector. The pivotal sector for ensuring food security is a major concern of interest in these days. In time, availability of information on agricultural crops is vital for making well-versed decisions on food security issues.
Predicting the Determinants of Mobile Payment Acceptance
Authors: Akgül Yakup
Published: September 2020

This chapter aims to determine the main factors of mobile payment adoption and the intention to recommend this technology. An innovative research model has been proposed with the advancement of the body of knowledge on this subject that combines the strengths of two well-known theories: the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with the innovation characteristics of the diffusion of innovations (DOI) with perceived security and intention to recommend the technology constructs. The research model was empirically tested using 259 responses from an online survey conducted in Turkey. Two techniques were used: first, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine which variables had significant influence on mobile payment adoption; in a second phase, the neural network model was used to rank the relative influence of significant predictors obtained by SEM. This study found that the most significant variables impacting the intention to use were perceived technology security and innovativeness variables.
Understanding the Value of Digital Marketing Tools for SMEs
Authors: Morais Elisabete Paulo , Cunha Carlos Rompante , Santos Arlindo
Published: September 2020

Digital marketing is gaining predominance in marketing strategies across the globe. Digitization is becoming more and more present in business, not just changes in consumer behavior, but the adoption of new technologies, tools, and applications is highly disruptive, with immediate impact on the business of all companies. The common link between digital marketing definitions is the use of tools, namely online tools. One of the biggest changes in human interaction is the recent proliferation of online social networks. Rapid growth of web-based platforms that facilitate online social behavior has significantly modified the nature of human activities, habitats, and interactions. Real-world social relationships have been migrated to the virtual world, resulting in online communities that bring people together from across the globe. This study aims to identify and describe the various digital marketing tools and which of these can be used to increase the SMEs competitiveness.
Flexible Work Arrangements for Green Manufacturing
Authors: Ganiyu Idris Olayiwola
Published: September 2020

Scientists and environmental activists have constantly emphasized the need to take action against the devasting effect of greenhouse gas emission, which is resulting in immense damage to the environment. The role of flexible work arrangements in ensuring the greening of manufacturing processes globally has not been fully explored by researchers. Aligning employees' green workplace behaviour, technological innovation, and flexible work arrangement could help promote green manufacturing. This chapter employed a conceptual review of literature to examine flexible work arrangement for green manufacturing. Findings revealed that the adoption of flexible work arrangement for green manufacturing could enhance the greening of the production process and employees' ability to achieve a balance between work and family domain.
Gestalt Play Therapy Supervision
Authors: Mitchell Ariel Encalade
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the author presents an overview of gestalt therapy and gestalt play therapy as a foundation to present a basic framework of gestalt play therapy supervision. The key elements of self-awareness as a main tenet in gestalt therapy will be explained, along with the techniques adapted from the gestalt play therapy process, and the general gestalt therapy process will be used to further develop a general framework for gestalt play therapy supervision. The discrimination model of supervision will also be presented to assist in understanding the role of the gestalt play therapy supervisor and the needs gestalt play therapy supervisee. Finally, the supervisory relationship will be explored as the author creates a potential blueprint to engage in the gestalt play therapy process.
The Integration and Approaches of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy Supervision
Authors: Vaughn Krystal Michelle , Camelford Kellie Giorgio
Published: September 2020

The counseling profession is a diverse field in which clinicians in many settings identify themselves in many ways. Facilitating the growth of play therapists, especially according to one's theoretical orientation, is still relatively new with limited research in the area of supervision; therefore, play therapist supervisors need to consider how to blend theory, play therapy, and supervision so that they can assist their supervisees in discovering impactful ways of providing services. In this chapter, the authors provided information related to best practices in clinical supervision and cognitive behavioral play therapy (CBPT) as a way to integrate and provide recommendations to supervisors who want to promote CBPT, as well as practice supervision through the same theoretical lens. The cognitive behavioral play therapy skills checklist (CBPTSC) was described and promoted as a tool a supervisor may utilize when working with play therapist supervisees.
Trauma-Informed Play Therapy Supervision
Authors: Baggerly Jennifer N. , Thomas Denis
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors present a model of trauma-informed play therapy supervision for supervisors working with supervisees who have traumatized clients. First, the authors describe the neuro-physiological impact of trauma. Then, they describe four dynamics often experienced by play therapists who work with clients with trauma symptoms. These dynamics include vicarious traumatization, compassion fatigue, countertransference, and parallel process. To mitigate these dynamics, the authors explain play therapy and expressive art supervision techniques, followed by illustrations of these techniques through supervisee vignettes.
Gamification Tools to Facilitate Student Learning Engagement in Higher Education
Authors: Schofield Mark
Published: September 2020

Gamification is a novel technology that can potentially motivate student learning. This chapter reflects on the implementation of a gamified application to support students' learning in terms of learning important facts concerning their study program. The scope of the chapter refers to two design features in which tests were conducted on the different configurations in a field experiment among UK university students. The initial feature identified was feedback, where it was anticipated that engagement would increase, with tailored feedback having a greater impact than generic feedback. The next feature identified was circumventing users from binge gaming through session limits, as this may potentially prevent deep learning. The findings suggest that tailored feedback was less effective than generic feedback, contradicting the initial anticipation. Session limits were found to not circumvent binging without a reduction in sessions. The findings suggest that gaming properties of gamified applications could impact sustaining and encouraging play.
Technological Impact on Public Engagement in Alternative Educational and Heritage Institutions
Authors: Moreira Natalia , Ward Eleanor C.
Published: September 2020

Cultural institutions and higher education establishments in the UK face significant challenges and uncertainties in the present and foreseeable future, particularly in terms of securing ongoing funding in a period of austerity. In an era of constricting budgets, institutions are encouraged to find creative solutions to generating revenue streams and demonstrating impact, which in turn, offers ample opportunities for innovation and mutual benefit through collaboration between the academic and heritage sectors. This chapter focuses on the ‘REALab' consultancy programme, piloted and funded by the University of Manchester, which allowed a group of multidisciplinary researchers to address representation and inclusion of underrepresented groups at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. The chapter is presented as a case study into the collaboration process between academic and heritage institutions. It will discuss the methods and success of the project and evaluate the importance of the interactive and innovative profile of the museum in the process.
The Concoct of Digital Preservation in Open Access
Authors: Segaetsho Thatayaone
Published: September 2020

Research pursuit in Open Access (OA) has become a center of interest in academic institutions. Academic institutions and publishers have been energetically working hard towards achieving strategic and sustained partnerships in providing OA to information resources. While the work of strengthening these endeavours is ongoing, very little have been done on the logistics for digital preservation of OA resources in Institutional Repositories. This chapter explores digital preservation processes in OA using the University of Botswana Research, Innovation, and Scholarship Archive (UBRISA) as a case study. The chapter establishes the implementation activities, the outcomes, and challenges experienced by UBRISA. The findings reveal that the UBRISA commits to strategically capturing and preserving the intellectual output, raw data, and historic values of the institution for posterity. The UBRISA is challenged by limited budgets, logistical challenges, and limited expertise. This chapter recommends that partnerships and advocacy for legislative structures that support OA are critical.
Sharing Open Data in Agriculture
Authors: Shonhe Liah
Published: September 2020

The main focus of the study was to explore the practices of open data sharing in the agricultural sector, including establishing the research outputs concerning open data in agriculture. The study adopted a desktop research methodology based on literature review and bibliographic data from WoS database. Bibliometric indicators discussed include yearly productivity, most prolific authors, and enhanced countries. Study findings revealed that research activity in the field of agriculture and open access is very low. There were 36 OA articles and only 6 publications had an open data badge. Most researchers do not yet embrace the need to openly publish their data set despite the availability of numerous open data repositories. Unfortunately, most African countries are still lagging behind in management of agricultural open data. The study therefore recommends that researchers should publish their research data sets as OA. African countries need to put more efforts in establishing open data repositories and implementing the necessary policies to facilitate OA.
Acute IL-4 Governs Pathogenic T Cell Responses during Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Poudel Barun , Yorek Matthew S , Mazgaeen Lalita , Brown Scott A , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , Gurung Prajwal
Published: September 2020

Leishmania spp. infection is a global health problem affecting more than 2 million people every year with 300 million at risk worldwide. It is well established that a dominant Th1 response (IFN-γ, a hallmark Th1 cytokine) provides resistance, whereas a dominant Th2 response (IL-4, a hallmark Th2 cytokine) confers susceptibility during infection. Given the important role of IL-4 during L. major infection, we used IL-4–neutralizing Abs to investigate the cellular and molecular events regulated by IL-4 signaling. As previously published, neutralization of IL-4 in L. major–infected BALB/c mice (a Leishmania susceptible strain) provided protection when compared with control L. major–infected BALB/c mice. Despite this protection, IFN-γ production by T cells was dramatically reduced. Temporal neutralization of IL-4 revealed that acute IL-4 produced within the first days of infection is critical for not only programming IL-4–producing Th2 CD4+ T cells, but for promoting IFN-γ produced by CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, IL-4 signaling enhances anti-CD3–induced Tbet and IFN-γ expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Given the pathogenic role of IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells, our data suggest that IL-4 promotes cutaneous leishmaniasis pathology by not only promoting Th2 immune responses but also pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses. Our studies open new research grounds to investigate the unsuspected role of IL-4 in regulating both Th1 and Th2 responses.
Therapy Results of Pericallosal Aneurysms: A Retrospective Unicenter Study
Authors: Deuschl Cornelius , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Styczen Hanna , Markhardt Lisa , Wrede Karsten , Jabbarli Ramazan , Sure Ulrich , Radbruch Alexander , Forsting Michael , Wanke Isabel , Mönninghoff Christoph
Published: September 2020

This retrospective study aims to compare treatment results of ruptured and unruptured pericallosal artery aneurysms (PAAs) regarding patient outcome and aneurysm recurrence after endovascular treatment (EVT) and neurosurgical treatment (NT). A total of 67 patients with PAA were admitted to our hospital, 44 patients with subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured PAA and 23 patients with unruptured PAA. The radiographic features of PAA were collected from pre-treatment digital subtraction angiography. In addition, demographic, clinical and radiographic parameters of all patients were recorded. Outcome was measured based on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 months after admission (favorable mRS score, 0-2 vs unfavorable mRS score, 3-6). Overall 46 patients underwent EVT and 21 patients NT. Six months after discharge 24 patients with SAH had a favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) and 16 patients an unfavorable outcome (mRS 3-6). Mortality rate of patients with SAH was 9.1% (4/44). Overall aneurysm recurrence was treated in 13 % of patients in the EVT cohort (6/46), whereas patients treated with NT had no recurrence. All patients with unruptured PAA had a favorable outcome. EVT and NT of PAA show comparable good results, although aneurysm recurrence occurs more often after EVT.
Thrombophilias: therapeutic employment of direct oral anticoagulants in venous hypercoagulable states
Authors: Cacciapuoti Federico
Published: September 2020

Thrombophilia or hypercoagulable state is a predisposition to form clots. Thrombophilia can be inherited or acquired, and prevalently involves venous vessels. Inherited thrombophilia consists of congenital conditions, as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations, natural anticoagulant deficiencies, high level of factor VIII, or dysfibrinogenemia. These congenital disorders can be responsible for venous thromboembolism, particularly deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and, less frequently, mesenteric veins thrombosis, kidneys’ veins thrombosis or retinal vein occlusion. Acquired thrombophilia can be associated both with venous and arterial thrombosis and may be caused by antiphospholipid syndrome, aging, some malignancies, oral contraceptive use, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and human immunodeficiency virus. Antiplatelets’ drugs are employed in arterial thrombosis, while, heparins/oral vitamin K antagonists are indicated for acute and long-term anticoagulation. However, new oral anticoagulants can be usefully used for venous thromboembolic events. Recent experiences demonstrated that their employment is useful in some thrombophilias only, whereas other investigations are requested to evaluate their use in all hypercoagulable disorders.
Coagulopathy in COVID-19
Authors: Lio Ka U , Rali Parth
Published: September 2020

Hemostatic derangement is a hallmark in severe COVID-19. Markedly elevation of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product levels were observed in patients with severe COVID-19 higher and 71.4% of nonsurvivors met the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Although the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 have been well-described, the underlying mechanism influencing disease severity remains to be elucidated. Herein, the aim of this review article is to evaluate hemostasis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its role in the management of this unprecedented pandemic.
Fibrotic interstitial lung disease occurring as sequelae of COVID-19 pneumonia despite concomitant steroids
Authors: Udwadia Zarir Farokh , Pokhariyal Priyanka Kisan , Tripathi Awatansh Kumar Rajkumar , Kohli Anirudh
Published: September 2020

A 75-year-old female with no history of lung disease developed severe pulmonary fibrosis within 1 month of acute severe COVID-19 pneumonia. She developed dry basal crackles, hypoxia needing home oxygen, and computed tomography changes which dramatically evolved from acute ground-glass opacities to honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis. Interestingly, these changes occurred despite her being on steroids through most of her hospital stay. She is being commenced on pirfenidone and her responses are carefully monitored, but the role of antifibrotic drugs are unclear and will only be established from large clinical trials.
COVID-19 progression, frailty, and use of prolonged continuous positive airway pressure as a ward-based treatment
Authors: Sykes Dominic L , Parthasarthy Ahalya , Brown Oliver I , Crooks Michael G , Faruqi Shoaib
Published: September 2020

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) poses the greatest public health threat in 100 years, with cases rising rapidly in many countries around the world. We report a case of a 78-year-old female who exhibited a biphasic course of COVID-19; showing initial clinical improvement followed by deterioration before making a full recovery. The patient was managed with prolonged continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and supportive care. In total, 24 days of treatment with CPAP was administered. We emphasize the role of CPAP in the management of severely hypoxemic patients who are inappropriate for mechanical ventilation and describe the role of adequate nutrition and hydration for such patients.
Оценки функций Шеннона длин тестов замыкания для контактных схем
Authors: Popkov Kirill Andreevich
Published: September 2020

Рассматривается задача синтеза неизбыточных двухполюсных контактных схем, реализующих булевы функции от $n$ переменных и допускающих короткие проверяющие либо диагностические тесты относительно замыканий не более $k$ контактов. Доказано, что функция Шеннона длины проверяющего теста равна $n$ для любых $n$ и $k$, а функция Шеннона длины диагностического теста при $n\geqslant 2$ не превосходит $n+k(n-2)$.
О мультиаффинных многочленах над конечным полем
Authors: Selezneva Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: September 2020

Рассматриваются такие многочлены $f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ над конечным полем, что для некоторого элемента $b$ этого поля множество решений уравнения $f(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = b$ совпадает с множеством решений какой-то системы линейных уравнений над этим полем. Такие многочлены названы мультиаффинными с правой частью $b$. Найдены свойства мультиаффинных многочленов над конечным полем. Доказано, что проверить мультиаффинность многочлена над конечным полем относительно некоторой правой части можно полиномиальным алгоритмом относительно числа его переменных и числа его слагаемых. Кроме того, показано, что при положительном ответе найти соответствующую систему линейных уравнений также можно полиномиальным алгоритмом относительно этих же величин.
Характеры бесконечной симметрической инверсной полугруппы
Authors: Nessonov Nikolai Ivanovich
Published: September 2020

В статье дается полное описание неразложимых характеров на бесконечной симметрической инверсной полугруппе. Метод существенно опирается на разложение элементов этой полугруппы в произведение независимых квазициклов и теорему мультипликативности. Также построены реализации всех факторпредставлений конечного типа.
Структура алгебры форм Якоби для системы корней $F_4$
Authors: Adler Dmitrii Vsevolodovich
Published: September 2020

В данной работе мы доказываем полиномиальность биградуированной алгебры $J_{*,*}^{w, W}(F_4)$ слабых форм Якоби для системы $F_4$ корней, инвариантных относительно действия соответствующей группы Вейля. Данная работа является продолжением совместной с В. А. Гриценко работы, в которой изучалась структура алгебр слабых форм Якоби, связанных с системами корней типа $D_n$ с $2\leqslant n \leqslant 8$.
Целочисленное разложение по системам из сжатий и сдвигов одной функции
Authors: Filippov Vadim Ivanovich
Published: September 2020

Получены результаты разложения элементов многомерных пространств $L_p\{(0,1]^m\}$, $1\leq p<\infty$, по системам функций, состоящим из сжатий и сдвигов одной функции, с целыми коэффициентами. Приводятся модели использования для приложений полученных результатов, в том числе в многомодулярных пространствах. Приближение элементов пространств $L_p\{(0,1]^m\}$, $1\leq p <\infty$, предложенными методами, обладает свойством сжатия образов, т. е. имеется много коэффициентов, при этом разложении, равных нулю. Эти исследования могут вызвать интерес также у специалистов по передаче и обработке цифровой информации, так как предлагается простой алгоритм приближения элементов пространств $L_p\{(0,1]^m\}$, $1 \leq p < \infty$, с указанными свойствами.
Библиография: 10 наименований.
Двухцветные раскраски гиперграфов с большим обхватом
Authors: Демидович Ю А , Demidovich Yu A
Published: September 2020

Гиперграф $H=(V,E)$ обладает свойством $B_k$, если существует такая раскраска множества $V$ в два цвета, что в каждом ребре содержится по крайней мере $k$ вершин каждого цвета. Обозначим наименьшее количество ребер $n$-однородного гиперграфа без свойства $B_k$, который либо не содержит циклов длины меньше $g$, либо каждые два ребра которого пересекаются не более чем по $b$ вершинам, через $m_{k,g}(n)$ и $m_{k,b}(n)$ соответственно. В статье получены верхние оценки для этих величин. Как следствие, мы получаем результаты для $m^{*}_k(n)$ - наименьшего числа ребер $n$-однородного простого гиперграфа без свойства $B_k$. Пусть $\Delta(H)$ - максимальная степень вершин гиперграфа $H$. Через $\Delta_k(n,g)$ обозначим такую минимальную степень $\Delta$, что существует $n$-однородный гиперграф $H$ с максимальной степенью $\Delta$ с обхватом не меньше $g$, который не обладает свойством $B_k$. В статье получена верхняя оценка для $\Delta_k(n,g)$. Библиография: 28 названий.
Условия излучения для магнитного уравнения Гельмгольца
Authors: Алиев Араз Рафиг оглы , Aliev Araz Rafig ogly , Раджабов Ш Ш , Radzhabov Sh Sh
Published: September 2020

В работе доказано, что для выделения единственного решения
магнитного уравнения Гельмгольца достаточны
более слабые условия излучения, чем условия Икэбе-Саито.
Доказана самосопряженность магнитного оператора Гельмгольца.
Дается обоснование существования решения
неоднородного уравнения Гельмгольца,
удовлетворяющего условию излучения.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Вполне разложимые факторно делимые абелевы группы с изоморфными
полугруппами эндоморфизмов
Authors: Любимцев Олег Владимирович , Ljubimtsev Oleg Vladimirovich
Published: September 2020

Пусть $\Lambda$ - некоторый класс абелевых групп. Говорят, что
группа $A\in\Lambda$ определяется своей полугруппой $E^\star(A)$
эндоморфизмов в классе $\Lambda$, если всякий раз из изоморфизма
$E^\star(A)\cong E^\star(B)$, где $B\in\Lambda$, следует изоморфизм
$A\cong B$. В статье описаны абелевы группы из класcа
$\mathscr Q\mathscr D_{\mathrm{cd}}$ вполне разложимых факторно
делимых абелевых групп, которые определяются своими полугруппами
эндоморфизмов в классе $\mathscr Q\mathscr D_{\mathrm{cd}}$.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Конечные группы с $\mathfrak F$-субнормальными подгруппами
Authors: Коновалова Марина Николаевна , Konovalova Marina Nikolaevna
Published: September 2020

Пусть $G$ - конечная группа, $M$ - ее максимальная подгруппа
и $\mathfrak F$ - наследственная формация,
состоящая из разрешимых групп.
Устанавливается метанильпотентность
$\mathfrak F$-корадикала $G^\mathfrak F$ при условии,
что все максимальные в $M$ подгруппы $\mathfrak F$-субнормальны
в $G$, и нильпотентность $G^\mathfrak F$ в случае,
когда формация $\mathfrak F$ насыщенная. Более подробно указаны
свойства группы $G$ для формации всех разрешимых групп
с абелевыми силовскими подгруппами,
для формации всех сверхразрешимых групп
и для формации всех групп с нильпотентным коммутантом.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Геометрия особого множества гиперповерхностей
и уравнение эйконала
Authors: Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: September 2020

Изучаются гладкие решения уравнения эйконала. Изучается взаимосвязь
геометрии гиперповерхностей и множества особых точек
ее метрической функции по обе стороны этой гиперповерхности.
Библиография: 16 названий.
О нормальных автоморфизмах свободных групп бесконечно
базируемых многообразий
Authors: Адян Сергей Иванович , Adian Sergei Ivanovich , Атабекян Варужан Сергеевич , Atabekyan Varuzhan Sergeevich
Published: September 2020

В работе исследуются автоморфизмы свободных групп многообразий, задаваемых
набором тождеств из известной бесконечной независимой системы тождеств от
двух переменных, построенных С. И. Адяном для решения проблемы конечного
базиса теории групп. Доказывается, что каждый нормальный автоморфизм (т.е.автоморфизм, который стабилизирует любую нормальную подгруппу) нециклических
свободных групп этих многообразий, является внутренним автоморфизмом.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Лагранжевы многообразия и эффективные формулы
для коротковолновых асимптотик в окрестности точки
возврата каустики
Authors: Dobrokhotov Sergey Yur'evich , Nazaikinskii Vladimir Evgen'evich
Published: September 2020

Развивается подход к написанию эффективных коротковолновых
асимптотик, основанный на представлении канонического
оператора Маслова в окрестности каустик общего положения
в виде специальных функций сложного аргумента. Предложен
конструктивный способ, позволяющий выразить канонический
оператор вблизи точки возврата каустики, отвечающей
лагранжевой особенности типа $A_3$ (сборка) через функцию
Пирси и ее первые производные. Показано, что и напротив,
представление интеграла типа Пирси через канонический
оператор оказывается весьма простым способом получения
его асимптотики при больших вещественных значениях аргументов
в терминах функций Эйри и функций типа ВКБ.
Библиография: 44 названия.
Об одной теореме Ю. В. Матиясевича
Authors: Moroz Boris Zelikovich , Norkin Aleksei Alekseevich
Published: September 2020

Воспользовавшись предложенной в недавней работе Ю. В. Матиясевича
переформулировкой гипотезы Римана, мы явно выписываем
систему диофантовых уравнений, неразрешимость которой эквивалентна
этой гипотезе.
Библиография: 16 названий.
О $C^m$-отражении гармонических функций и $C^m$-приближаемости гармоническими полиномами
Authors: Paramonov Petr Vladimirovich , Fedorovskiy Konstantin Yurievich
Published: September 2020

Установлен ряд новых точных условий, как необходимых, так и достаточных, $C^m$-непрерывности операторов гармонического отражения функций относительно границ простых областей Каратеодори в $\mathbb R^N$. Эти результаты опираются на новый (полученный здесь же) критерий $C^m$-непрерывности операторов Пуассона в указанных областях. В качестве следствий приводятся новые достаточные условия $C^m$-приближаемости функций гармоническими полиномами на границах простых областей Каратеодори в $\mathbb R^N$.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Топологическая классификация гамильтоновых систем на двумерных некомпактных многообразиях
Authors: Nikolaenko Stanislav Sergeevich
Published: September 2020

Строится полный топологический инвариант слоений конечного типа, задаваемых гладкими функциями на некомпактных ориентируемых двумерных многообразиях. В частности, приводится полная топологическая классификация некомпактных бифуркаций таких слоений. Устанавливается естественное взаимно однозначное соответствие между множеством всех таких бифуркаций и множеством ориентированных цветных графов специального вида. Как следствие получены лиувиллева и траекторная классификации гамильтоновых систем конечного типа на некомпактных двумерных многообразиях.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Операторы классов Шаттена в пространстве представления канонических коммутационных соотношений
Authors: Holevo Alexander Semenovich
Published: September 2020

Классы Шаттена $\mathfrak S_p$ операторов в гильбертовом пространстве - некоммутативный аналог пространств $l_p$ - играют значительную роль в недавних исследованиях по квантовой теории информации. В настоящей работе приведены достаточные условия принадлежности оператора классу $\mathfrak S_p$ в случае, когда гильбертово пространство является пространством неприводимого представления канонических коммутационных соотношений.
$T\overline T$-деформация и калибровка светового конуса
Authors: Frolov Sergei Anatol'evich
Published: September 2020

Однородное невязкое уравнение Бюргерса, определяющее спектр $T\overline T$-деформированной модели, имеет естественную интерпретацию как условие калибровочной инвариантности энергии и импульса объемлющего пространства-времени (некритичной) струнной теории, квантованной в обобщенной однородной калибровке светового конуса, зависящей от параметра деформации. В качестве простого применения интерпретации через калибровку светового конуса выведен $T\overline T$-деформированный лагранжиан системы произвольного числа скаляров, фермионов и киральных бозонов с произвольным потенциалом. Установлено, что $T\overline T$-деформация управляется каноническим, но не ковариантным нeтеровым тензором энергии-импульса.
Оптимальная эволюция для псевдоэрмитовых гамильтонианов
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Chen Zhengli , Song Yun , Fan Yajing
Published: September 2020

Если заданы начальное состояние $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm I}\rangle$ и конечное состояние $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{F}}\rangle$, то существует множество гамильтонианов, под действием которых $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm I}\rangle$ эволюционирует в $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm F}\rangle$. При этом большой интерес представляет проблема перехода $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm I}\rangle$ в $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathrm F}\rangle$ за наименьшее время. Ранее для эрмитова гамильтониана было показано, что если состояния $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm I}\rangle$ и $|\psi_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm F}\rangle$ ортогональны, то существует оптимальное время эволюции. Однако для $PT$-симметричного гамильтониана это время может быть произвольно малым, что кажется удивительным. Обсуждается оптимальная временна́я эволюция для псевдоэрмитовых гамильтонианов. При условии ограниченности гамильтониана получена нижняя граница времени эволюции. Оптимальное время эволюции может быть достигнуто в том случае, когда два квантовых состояния ортогональны относительно некоторого скалярного произведения. Результаты для эрмитовых и для псевдоэрмитовых случаев совпадают, если эволюция унитарна относительно некоторого корректно определенного скалярного произведения. Также проанализированы два ранее известных примера и обнаружено, что они согласуются с представленной теорией. Кроме того, на двух примерах даны некоторые пояснения полученных результатов.
Центры обобщенных алгебр уравнения отражений
Authors: Gurevich Dmitrii Il'ich , Saponov Pavel Alekseevich
Published: September 2020

Как известно, в алгебре уравнения отражений, связанной с инволютивной или геккевской $R$-матрицей, элементы $Tr_R L^k$ (называемые квантовыми степенными суммами) являются центральными. Здесь символом $L$ обозначена матрица генераторов этой алгебры, а $Tr_R$ есть операция взятия $R$-следа, ассоциированного с данной $R$-матрицей. В настоящей работе рассматривается вопрос о том, является ли это верным для некоторых алгебр, сходных с алгеброй уравнения отражений и зависящих от спектрального параметра. Исследуются главным образом алгебры, аналогичные тем, которые были введены Решетихиным и Семеновым-Тян-Шаньским (названные алгебрами RS-типа). Эти алгебры задаются некоторыми токовыми (т. е. зависящими от параметра) $R$-матрицами, возникающими на основе инволютивных или геккевских $R$-матриц в результате так называемой бакстеризации. В алгебрах RS-типа определены квантовые степенные суммы и показано, что степенная сумма первого порядка является центральным элементом алгебры в том и только том случае, если заряд $c$, входящий в определение алгебры, принимает критическое значение. Это значение зависит от биранга $(m|n)$ исходной $R$-матрицы. Кроме того, если биранг равен $(m|m)$ и заряд $c$ имеет критическое значение, то все квантовые степенные суммы являются центральными элементами алгебры.
Сходящаяся теория возмущений для исследования фазовых переходов
Authors: Nalimov Mikhail Yur'evich , Ovsyannikov Andrey Vyacheslavovich
Published: September 2020

Предложен метод построения теории возмущений с конечным радиусом сходимости для достаточно широкого класса квантово-полевых моделей, традиционно применяемых к описанию критического и околокритического поведения в задачах статистической физики. Для предлагаемых сходящихся рядов при помощи инстантонного анализа определен радиус сходимости, а также указан способ вычисления их коэффициентов, опирающийся на диаграммы стандартной (расходящейся) теории возмущений. Подход апробирован на примере стандартной $\mathrm A$-модели стохастической динамики и матричной модели фазового перехода в системе нерелятивистских фермионов, в которой его применение позволило объяснить ранее обнаруженное квазиуниверсальное поведение траекторий фазового перехода первого рода.