bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study of Diameter-axial-polar nephrometry score in predicting high pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ziwen , Sun Ting , Huang Hao
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To explore whether Diameter-axial-polar nephrometry score has the ability to predict high pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC).
Patients and Methods: We included 430 patients who underwent robotic or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) at our center from 1 January, 2021 to 31 March, 2023. Tumor features was recorded using Diameter-axial-polar nephrometry score (DAP score). Logistic regression was performed to analyse the relationship between DAP score and other clinical data with the high pathological grade of ccRCC and pRCC.
Results: In univariate analysis, male (p=0.006), older(p=0.008), BMI≤ 25 kg/m2 (p=0.036), tumor size (p<0.001). the age-related comorbidity index (ACCI) (p =0.010) and DAP score (p <0.001) was significantly correlated with high pathological grade. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, BMI≤ 25 kg/m2 and DAP score were independent risk factors of high pathological grade of ccRCC and pRCC. The areas under the curve (AUC) of Multivariate logistic regression was 0.774 (95%CI 0.725-0.823).
Conclusion: We confirmed that DAP score is independent risk factor of high pathological grade of ccRCC and pRCC and that a multivariate model incorporating gender and BMI≤ 25 kg/m2 may help urologist provide treatment recommendations.
Anti-ARHGAP26 Autoantibody-associated Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia with Medulloblastoma：A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Biyun , Xiao Huimei , Luo Xingang , Liu Fang , Wang Lingan , Pei Zheng , Chang Yanqun
Published: September 2023

Background
The Rho GTPase-activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) antibody, or anti-Ca, was recently identified as a subacute cerebellar ataxia autoantibody. Medulloblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor in children, with G4 medulloblastoma being the most common subgroup. Ten cases involving ARHGAP26 autoantibody-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA) have been reported to date, with an age of onset of 24 to 84 years. Five patients had a history of tumors. However, there is no reported case of ARHGAP26 ACA coexisting with medulloblastoma.
Case presentation:
Here we report a 28-month-old boy with cerebellar ataxia associated with the presence of anti-ARHGAP26 autoantibody and medulloblastoma. The patient demonstrated gait instability, coughing when drinking, and irritability and was positive for ARHGAP26 antibodies in the serum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a space-occupying lesion in the fourth ventricle and supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus. A pathological section of the lesion revealed medulloblastoma originating from the cerebellar vermis.
Conclusions
This case may further the understanding of anti-ARHGAP26 autoantibody-associated cerebellar ataxia, its age of onset, and associated tumors. This case might suggest a potential connection between ARHGAP26 antibodies and tumors such as medulloblastoma in patient with ACA.Therefore, we recommend anti-ARHGAP26 antibody testing and cancer screening for patients diagnosed with ACA. Moreover, we propose that simultaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum testing may help elucidate the connection between the presence of a tumor and anti-ARHGAP26 antibodies in the CSF or serum samples. However, in some cases, testing only serum samples may be sufficient for the diagnosis. Although, double sample tests are necessary to explore pathogenic relevance.
Efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in the posterior cerebral circulation– a single center study
Authors: Borończyk Michał , Kuźniak Mikołaj , Borończyk Agnieszka , Żak Amadeusz , Binek Łukasz , Wagner-Kusz Anna , Lasek-Bal Anetta
Published: September 2023

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the gold standard for the treatment of ischemic stroke in both the anterior (AMT) and posterior (PMT) cerebral circulation. Existing literature suggests that PMT may lead to worse patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of selected clinical phenodata on favorable outcomes in patients who underwent PMT and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients who received AMT and PMT. The study group consisted of 623 patients who underwent MT. Patients with PMT had significantly lower median NIHSS scores both at admission (9 vs. 13; p < 0.001) and after MT (7 vs. 12; p = 0.006), compared with those with AMT. In multivariate analysis, the most influential parameters for favorable outcomes in the PMT group at were: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 24 hours after procedure (OR: 0.865 and 0.900), time of MT (OR: 0.993), and leukocytosis (OR: 0.961 and 0.974). Patients with AMT and PMT have different clinical profiles. Most importantly, neurological status one day after MT proved to be the most important prognostic factor for a favorable outcome. In addition, several factors play an important role in predicting outcome, especially in the PMT group.
Comparison of Biuret and Refractometry Method for Serum Total Protein Measurement in Cattle and Goat
Authors: Mesa Sileshi Melese , Megerssa Yoseph Cherinet
Published: September 2023

Objectives
The biuret method is frequently used to determine serum total protein. On the other hand refractometer, a quicker and less expensive option is also determine serum protein. However no study was conducted in Ethiopia to determine validity of refractometer Therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the serum total protein concentration measurement in cattle and goats obtained by the biuret method and refractometer.
Results
Serum samples from 60 cattle and 60 goats were assayed by both methods and data analyzed with a paired t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and Bland-Altman plots. There was a strong correlation between the total protein values determined with the refractometer and the biuret method in cattle (r= 0.9332) and goats (r = 0.9746). There were no significant variations in the protein values measured with the refractometer and those evaluated with the biuret method in both species (P> 0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed that biases indicating the analytic and user error were 8.33% in both species which is below the acceptable total error (<10%). Thus refractometer can be used in place of biuret method since it was valid enough to measure serum total protein in cattle and goats.
Can green finance alleviate the resource curse of China?
Authors: Wei Hua , liu zheng
Published: September 2023

China's economy has transitioned from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, thereby entering a pivotal period wherein the optimization of its economic structure and the transformation of its development mode are of utmost significance. Against this backdrop, the present paper endeavors to investigate whether green finance can effectively mitigate the perils associated with the "resource curse." We measure the coefficient of the resource curse of each province in China and make a specific analysis of its "resource curse" situation. Subsequently, utilizing inter-provincial panel data spanning the years 2011 to 2020, we employ both the fixed effect model and mediating effect model to examine the impact and mechanisms through which green finance can effectively counteract the resource curse. The research findings corroborate the widespread prevalence of the "resource curse" phenomenon across China, with the western region being particularly severely affected. However, on the whole, the majority of provinces in China have experienced some degree of alleviation about this phenomenon. Furthermore, green finance can effectively curtail the occurrence of the "resource curse." Additionally, it can dismantle the resource curse by attracting foreign investments, fostering technological innovation, and facilitating the transformation of the industrial structure. Hence, it is crucial to enhance the development level of green finance, expedite the transformation of regional industrial structures, fully unleash the potential of green finance in mitigating the "resource curse," and ultimately achieve high-quality economic growth at the regional level. We believe that this study can offer novel insights and recommendations to government agencies, financial institutions, environmental organizations, and relevant scholars in their collective endeavors to address the challenges posed by the "resource curse" within the realm of green finance.
Family Socioeconomic Status and Social Withdrawal in Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Moderated Mediating Role of Resilience and Teacher-Child Relationships
Authors: Cai Yingqi , Zhan Shuwei , Zhang Liying
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAs their parents sustained go out for labor service, the left-behind children in Chinese society can not be ignored. The significant effects of family socioeconomic status (SES) may have a direct intergenerational impact on a child’s social adjustment. Although many studies have looked into this topic, few studies have focused on the underlying mechanism and protective factors impacting family SES and offspring social adjustment in the Chinese immigrant context.
Objective This study seeks to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between family socioeconomic status and social withdrawal behavior and explore whether teacher-child relationships (TCR) can moderate this association.
Participants and setting The sample was 945 left-behind preschoolers (54.8% male) with an average age of 62.35 months (SD = 7.96). These children were from 21 kindergartens in the northern, central, and western regions of China's Guangdong Province, where with average and below-average economic levels.
MethodsData were collected from the teachers about resilience, teacher-child relationships, and social withdrawal. Parents provide information concerning family socioeconomic status. Through SPSS and Mplus, a moderated mediation model was examined.
ResultsFirst, SES is negatively correlated with left-behind preschoolers' social withdrawal. Second, resilience mediated the relationship between SES and social withdrawal.Third, teacher-child relationships moderated the indirect association between SES and social withdrawal behavioral problems via resilience.
ConclusionsOur results support the critical role of resilience and teacher-child relationships in the association between family SES and social withdrawal behavior. Interventions should concentrate on left-behind children's resilience and teacher-child relationships to reduce harmful impacts being passed down through the generations.
AttentiveBugLocator: A Bug Localization Model using Attention-based SemanticFeatures and Information Retrieval
Authors: Ahmad Aminu A. , Yu Lasheng , Kholief Mohamed , Garba Abba
Published: September 2023

In recent years, deep learning-based algorithms such as CNN, LSTM, and autoencoders have been proposed to rank suspicious buggy files. Meanwhile,representational learning has served to be the best approach to extract rich semantic features of bug reports and source code to reduce their lexical mismatch. In this paper, we propose AttentiveBugLocator, a Siamese-based representational learning modelfor improved bug localization performance. AttentiveBugLocator employs BERT and code2vec embedding models to produce richer semantic representations and a Siamese BiLSTM network with context attention to learn semantic matching between BRs and SFs. To further improve the effectiveness of AttentiveBugLocator, the semantic matching features are carefully fused with VSM, stack trace, and code complexity features. Evaluation results on four data sets show that AttentiveBugLocator can identify buggy files on the scale of 56% and 62% on MAP and MRR – thus, outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.
Blockade of the Retinal Orexin Receptors Affects Retinal and Hypothalamic C-fos Expression and Hypothalamic Rhythmicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Haddad Muhammad , Khazali Homayoun , Janahmadi Mahyar , Ghanbarian Hossein
Published: September 2023

Orexin A and B (OXA and OXB) and their receptors are expressed in the majority of retinal neurons in humans, rats, and mice. Orexins modulate signal transmission between the different layers of the retina. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the retina are central and peripheral components of the body's biological clocks; respectively. The SCN receives photic information from the retina through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to synchronize bodily functions with environmental changes. In present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of inhibiting retinal orexin receptors on the expression of retinal Bmal1 and C-fos, as well as hypothalamic C-fos, Bmal1, Vip, and PACAP at four different time-points (Zeitgeber time; ZT 3, 6, 12, and ZT-24). The intravitreal injection (IVI) of OX1R antagonist (SB-334867) and OX2R antagonist (JNJ-10397049) significantly up-regulated C-fos expression in the retina. Additionally, compared to the control group, the combined injection of SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049 showed a greater increase in retinal expression of this gene. In addition, the expression of hypothalamic Vip and PACAPwas significantly up-regulated in both the SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049 groups. In contrast, the expression of Bmal1 was down-regulated. Finally, the expression of hypothalamic C-fos was down-regulated in all groups treated with SB-334867 and JNJ-10397049. This study is the first to investigate the impact of retinal orexin receptors on regulating rhythmicity in the retina and hypothalamus. These findings could give a new dimension to the understanding of disorders associated with circadian imbalances such as sleep, and the development of neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's.
Systematic analyses of the relationship between five CXCL8 gene polymorphisms and overall cancer risk
Authors: Peng Jie , Wang Yinan , Kuang Dan , Wang Ying , Wu Gang , Li Huangjing , Li Dan , Cao Hong
Published: September 2023

Background
Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is a prototypical CXC family chemokine bearing an ELR motif that plays key roles in the onset and progression of a range of cancers in humans. Many prior studies have focused on exploring the relationship between CXCL8 gene polymorphisms and the risk of cancer. However, the statistical power of many of these reports was limited, yielding ambiguous or conflicting results in many cases.
Methods
Accordingly, the present meta-analysis of 28 related publications was conducted in an effort to better understand the association between these mutations and disease risk.
Results
The CXCL8 -353A/T polymorphism was associated with an increased overall cancer risk [A vs. T, odds ratio (OR) = 1.255, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.079–1.459), Pheterogeneity = 0.449, P = 0.003]. The CXCL8 + 781T/C allele was similarly associated with a higher risk of cancer among Caucasians [TT vs. TC + CC, OR = 1.472, 95%CI (1.078–2.009), Pheterogeneity = 0.366, P = 0.015]. To better clarify the relationship between these mutations and clinical outcomes, tissue samples from oral cancer patients and healthy controls were analyzed. In these analyses, oral cancer patients carrying the CXCL + 781 TT + TC genotypes exhibited pronounced increases in serum levels of CXCL8 as compared to patients carrying the CC genotype (P < 0.01), and CXCL8 levels were also significantly higher in oral cancer patients with these two genotypes as compared to genotype-matched normal controls (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
These results thus suggest that the CXCL8-353 and + 781 polymorphisms may be associated with a greater risk of cancer development. The + 781 polymorphism may further offer value as a biomarker that can aid in the early identification and prognostic evaluation of oral cancer.
Acute Caval Thrombosis Leading to Obstructive Shock in the Early Post Insertion Period of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter ： A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gao ShuTing , Chen YunFei , Huang YaTing , Dang YiPing , Li YiQing
Published: September 2023

Background
Obstructive shock is extremely rare in clinical practice and is caused by acute blood flow obstruction in the central vessels of either the systemic or pulmonary circulation. Utilizing inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with some potential complications, such as inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT). Shock as a direct result of IVCT is rare. We present a case of obstructive shock secondary to extensive IVCT caused by inadequate anticoagulant therapy after the placement of an IVCF.
Case presentation:
A 63-year-old male patient with a traffic accident injury presented orthopaedic trauma and lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT). He experienced sudden and severe abdominal pain with hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, oliguria and peripheral oedema 5 days after IVCF placement and 3 days after cessation of anticoagulant therapy. Considering that empirical anti-shock treatment lasted for a while and the curative effect was poor, we finally recognized the affected vessels and focused on the reason for obstructive shock through imaging findings—inferior vena cava thrombosis and occlusion. The shock state immediately resolved after thrombus aspiration. The same type of shock occurred again 6 days later during transfer from the ICU to general wards and the same treatment was administered. The patient recovered smoothly in the later stage, and the postoperative follow-up at 1, 3, and 12 months showed good results.
Conclusion
This case alerts clinicians that it is crucial to ensure adequate anticoagulation therapy after IVCF placement, and when a patient presents with symptoms such as hypotension, tachycardia, and lower limb and scrotal oedema postoperatively, immediate consideration should be given to the possibility of obstructive shock, and prompt intervention should be based on the underlying cause.
Moringa oleifera Genebank in Brazil: current status and future approaches
Authors: Soares Tássia Fernanda Santos Neri , Gois Itamara Bomfim , Souza Juliana Lopes , Muniz Evandro Neves , Silva Ana Veruska Cruz
Published: September 2023

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical tree that belongs to the Moringaceae family, and it is popularly known worldwide for its multiple applications. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of individuals from the Moringa Genebank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brazil. The Moringa Genebank is composed of 25 accessions, represented by 177 genotypes, of which 18 were transferred from an exchanged germplasm of the University of Florida, USA, and the others were from different states of Brazil. Leaves of each genotype were collected for DNA extraction and PCR analysis using 20 ISSR primers. A total of 144 bands were amplified and 100% of them were polymorphic. The average of expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon’s Index was 0.11 and 0.12, respectively. The highest genetic divergence was found between M4 and M18 accessions, both from Florida, USA. Whereas the closest pair of accession was M23 and M24, both from Brazil. The cluster analysis obtained through the Structure software divided moringa genotypes into two groups. Taken together, these results suggest low genetic diversity between the accessions of the Moringa Genebank. Therefore, the introduction of new accessions in the Moringa GeneBank is essential to increase the genetic variability of the species to ensure its conservation and improvement.
Instance Weighting Domain Adaptive Deep Transfer Learning for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network
Authors: Muthukumaran D. , Sharanya C. , Natarajan Rajesh , Najmusher H , Sebastian George , Gowthami V
Published: September 2023

Cognitive radio allowed the licensed vacant spectrum sharing to unlicensed users depending on the radio scene analysis. Cognitive radio performed machine-to-machine communication. Radio scene analysis is carried out in spectrum sensing, interference and channel estimation. Cognitive radio increased the spectrum utilization in wireless communication. Spectrum sensing is an essential component of cognitive radio based on feature extraction of received signal at specified point. Many existing methods are discussed for performing efficient spectrum sensing. But, the spectrum sensing accuracy was not improved and time complexity was not minimized by existing methods. The transfer learning has an opportunity to increase spectrum sensing accuracy through cooperative spectrum sensing and to analyze the radio scene. In order to improve the accuracy and reduce the time complexity, Instance Weighting Domain Adaptive Deep Transfer Learning (IWDADTL) Method is introduced based on data features, patterns and temporal characteristics. IWDADTL Method comprised five layers, namely one input layer, three hidden layers and one output layer to identify the presence or absence of signal at specified location. The designed method has three stages in three hidden layers, namely data splitting, phase selection and fine tuning. In IWDADTL Method, data splitting stage is carried out to divide the data into source data and target data. The source data is used for training model where positive values are paramount. Target data is used for fine-tuning the negative value from − 20dB to − 2dB where majority values are negative. The data splitting is used to tackle unstable training of noisy signals to attain efficient performance accuracy. In phase selection stage, signal components (i.e., in-phase and quadrature-phase) are selected for training, validation and testing on source data. In second stage, an optimal structure is obtained through hyperparameter tuning. Then, IWDADTL Method is fine-tuned on target data to improve the accuracy results and to reduce time complexity. The results of IWDADTL Method show the improvement in spectrum sensing in terms of accuracy, precision and recall.
A comprehensive bioinformatics algorithm and experiment-based analysis illustrates the role of PANoptosis-based subtypes in atherosclerosis and new diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Chen HongKui , Xie Xianwei , Xiao Huazhen , Liang Wenjia , Lin Biting , Lin Zhijie , Lin KaiYan , Chen Chun , Guo Yansong
Published: September 2023

As a chronic inflammatory disease, atherogenesis and ischemia events are primarily affected by inflammation in atherosclerosis (AS). PANoptosis has been implicated in many human systemic disorders, including infection, cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. On the other hand, little is understood about PANoptosis's function in atherosclerosis. The GSE100927 dataset has been divided using a consensus clustering approach into two PANoptosis-related subtypes based on the expression of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs). We screened 36 PANoptosis-associated genes using the limma package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and then we enriched the PANoptosis-associated genes using ClueGO software. The PPI network was built using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and the enriched genes were identified using LASSO regression. As atherosclerosis diagnostic markers, CCL3, ACP5, and HMOX1 have been identified and verified in the GSE43292 dataset. The variations in immune infiltration between AS and control samples and the gene clusters connected to PANoptosis were compared using the "CIBERSORT" package. The three diagnostic genes' expression levels were noticeably greater in the AS group. The three diagnostic genes were predominantly connected to macrophages, according to correlation analysis and single-cell analysis. The high expression of ACP5 and HMOX1 in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with OX-LDL was confirmed by PCR. Our study identified ACP5 and HMOX1 as diagnostic genes for AS that may be associated with PANoptosis.ACP5 and HMOX1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS by regulating macrophage PANoptosis.
Increased non-specific immune activity of vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using a leaf flour mixture from Ocimum basilicum and Piper betle and their characteristic compounds
Authors: Harlina Harlina , Rosmiati Rosmiati , Hamdillah Andi , Syahrul Syahrul , Isnansetyo Alim
Published: September 2023

Immunostimulants are more suitable for improving the health of shrimp than using drugs in the prevention of diseases. This study evaluated the efficacy of bioactive compounds from Ocimum basilicum and Piper betle in increasing the non-specific immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. Samples were collected directly from a traditional market. Shrimp was fed: O. basilicum leaf flour- and P. betle leaf flour-un-supplemented diet (P1), O. basilicum leaf flour (44.84 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P2), P. betle leaf flour (31.57 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P3), and O. basilicum leaf flour (22.42 g/kg feed)- and P. betle leaf flour (16.79 g/kg feed)-supplemented diet (P4). Phytochemical screening tests were conducted using commonly used chemical reagents, including Dragendorff, Meyer, and Liebermann-Burchard reagents. Supplementation with O. basilicum and P. betle (P4) significantly enhanced the shrimp’s immune response, namely the total hemocyte counts (THC), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and prophenoloxidase (proPO). The supplemented diet (P4) was synergistically able to improve shrimp health, with the highest values for THC (7.30 x 106 cells/mL), hyaline (61.33%), PA (84%), PI (2.19), and proPO (0.91). Flavonoids and alkaloids in the feed containing leaf flour from both plants were bioactive compounds suspected to be responsible for enhancing the immune response. These findings suggest that a leaf flour combination of O. basilicum and P. betle can be a new immunostimulant alternative to improve shrimp health for disease prevention.
Network Intrusion Detection Empowered with Federated Machine Learning
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Umar , Mehmood Shahid , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Zubair Muhammad , Khan Faheem , Lee Youngmoon
Published: September 2023

Security and privacy are greatly enhanced by intrusion detection systems. Now, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) with Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have seen great success due to their high levels of classification accuracy. Nevertheless, because data must be stored and communicated to a centralized server in these methods, the confidentiality features of the system may be threatened. This article proposes a blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) approach to intrusion detection that maintains data privacy by training and inferring detection models locally. This approach improves the diversity of training data as models are trained on data from different sources. We employed the Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm, Bayesian Regularization Algorithm, and Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm for training our model. The training weights were then applied to the federated learning model. To maintain the security of the aggregation model, blockchain technology is used to store and exchange training models. We ran extensive testing on the Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge Discovery in Databases (NSL-KDD) data set to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach. According to simulation results, the proposed FL detection model achieved a higher accuracy level than the traditional centralized non-FL method. Classification accuracy achieved by the proposed model was 98.93% for training and 97.35% for testing.
Can carbon emission trading contribute the synergistic reduction of carbon and pollution emissions in China？A marginal abatement cost perspective
Authors: Li Mingwei , Mu Xianzhong , Xie Liang , Tian Zhiguang , Zeng Zhen , Hu Guangwen
Published: September 2023

Carbon emission trading policy, as a well-known emissions reduction strategy, can reduce both carbon and pollutant emissions. But it is still unclear whether and how much it can lower the marginal abatement costs of pollutants while reducing the marginal abatement costs of carbon. Studying the carbon emission trading policy’s level of savings on marginal abatement costs and the presence or absence of synergistic effects from a cost viewpoint are crucial in this context. This research evaluates the marginal abatement costs of carbon and pollutants in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019. Then, a difference in difference (DID) model is used to evaluate the direct impact of carbon emission trading policy on marginal abatement costs, and its dynamic change properties are examined. The indirect impact of carbon emission trading policy on marginal abatement costs is next examined from the standpoint of abatement space and technological progress, and lastly the overall impact is taken into consideration. The findings indicate that: (i) The measured marginal abatement costs exhibits variations based on time and location. (ii) The carbon emission trading policy has a synergistic impact, lowering both the marginal abatement costs of pollutants and the marginal abatement costs of carbon, especially the former. (iii) The carbon emission trading policy tends to have a steadily diminishing effect on marginal abatement costs over time. (iv) The carbon emission trading policy not only reduce carbon and pollutant emissions, but also indirectly affect marginal abatement costs through technological progress and abatement space, and the indirect effect had a stronger impact on marginal abatement costs of pollutants compared to marginal abatement costs of carbon. Based on the study’s findings, policy proposals are put forth to encourage the cost-based synergy of pollution and carbon emissions reduction.
Assessment of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to Fenvalerate: Analysis of Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Güneş Muharrem , Bayır Mehtap , Bayır Abdulkadir
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fenvalerate treatment on the expression of sod1, cat, gstt1a, gpx1a, gsr, and g6pd genes, as well as the activities of SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, GR, and G6PD enzymes in zebrafish. The assessment of oxidative stress was conducted by analyzing liver and gill tissue samples. Both the concentration of fenvalerate (3.125 and 6.25 µg/L) and the duration of exposure influenced the changes observed in antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in zebrafish. The RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of these genes in fenvalerate-exposed zebrafish might function as an immediate response mechanism to chemical-induced stress. Furthermore, the activities of CAT, GST, and G6PD enzymes in both tissues exhibited an increase exposure to fenvalerate doses of 3.125 and 6.25 µg/L. The activities of CAT, GST, and G6PD enzymes in both liver and gill tissues demonstrated a decrease. However, prolonged exposure (over 72 hours) resulted in significantly higher MDA concentrations in the liver and gill tissues compared to the control sample. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of antioxidant enzymes in oxidative stress and have practical implications for designing aquaculture selection programs to enhance stress tolerance in fish.
Outcomes and Complications of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) at Al-ribat Urology Center (Omer Sawi Hospital)
Authors: Jaber Mohammed Hammad , MOHAMMED HUSSAM ELDEIN HASSAN , AHMED HUSSAIN MOHAMMED , HASSN. HASSAN ISHAG , MAGBOL MUSTAFA ALTAYEB IBRAHIM , SAEED SAMI EL ARBAB
Published: September 2023

Objective: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy generally is safe, effective, and associated with a few but specific complications. However, the definition of complications of PCNL and their management still lacks consensus. We aimed to evaluate the Technique, Outcome, and Complication of percutaneous Nephrolithotomy at Al-ribat Urology Center (Omer Sawi Hospital).
methods :
A prospective, institutional-based cross-sectional study, the study investigated all patients presented to the study area with renal stones The data was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire filled out inside the theater during the surgery and 1-month follow-up by phone calls.
Result:
the study assessed the outcome of PCNL among 28 patients. The study found that the mean size of stones recorded was 1.25 cm, and the stones were on the left and right kidneys in 53.6%, and 46.4% respectively. Stones present by a percentage of 10.7%,28.6%, and 53.6% in the upper and lower calyx and pelvis respectively. The stones were rounded in 78.6% and staghorn in 21.4%. the stone was single in 53.6% and multiple in 46.4%. all operations were done under fluoroscopy guidance. Patients were supine in 25% and prone in 75% of the operations. Injury to the surrounding organs did not occur. Mild bleeding occurs in 10.7% of the patients, in which blood transfusion was necessary. Extravasation of fluid occurs in 10.7%. Fever occurs in 42.9%. Most of the patients stay for 1 day postoperatively 57.1%.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PCNL is a safe elective, minimally invasive surgical modality with good outcomes and lower incidences of major complications.
Infection Prevention Bundle in Preventing Implant-related Infections for Sacral Neuromodulation: A Single Surgeon Experience
Authors: Wu Liyang , Zhang Jianzhong , Zhang Peng
Published: September 2023

Background Implant-related infections (IRIs) after sacral neuromodulation (SNM) carry a high morbidity. Meanwhile, studies on care bundles report lower infection rate. Herein, we investigate the effectiveness of infection prevention bundle (IPB) in minimizing IRIs after SNM.
Methods An IPB focused on pre-operative checklists, weight-based antibiotic prophylaxis, strict draping and surgical techniques, and wound care education; was implemented in our center in February 2018. we performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent SNM-I testing from September 2013 to March 2023.
Subjects were divided into pre-IPB and post-IPB groups. All cases were performed by a single surgeon. Infection rates were calculated for pre-IPB and post-IPB groups.
Results A total of 110 patients underwent SNM-I testing during the study period. There were 28 pre-IPB and 82 post-IPB surgical cases. Only one patient in the pre-IPB group had IRI, while no infected patient in post-IPB group. Both groups had no significant differences in gender distribution, age, surgery duration, test period and the rate of infected patients.
Conclusions Although significantly prolonging the test stage，implementation of an IPB approach can be potentially decrease the incidence of IRIs.
Predictive value of the biomarker of peripheral blood of NSCLC patients responding to anti-PD-1 treatment
Authors: Su Shu , Chen Fungjun , Lv Xin , Qi Liang , Ding Zhou , Ren Wei , Wei Ming , Liu Ye , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Wang Lifeng
Published: September 2023

Background
The introduction of anti-PD-1 antibody has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Here we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of PD-1 antibody-based therapy in patients with locally advanced un-operable or metastatic NSCLC patients and report an association between peripheral blood biomarkers with clinical response in these patients.
Methods
We conducted a single-center study by including medical record data for NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 antibody first-line or posterior-line either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. The patients enrolled from 2020 to 2022. Dynamic evaluation of multiple Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the blood serum, as well as analysis of the phenotype of T cells from peripheral blood, was conducted to explore the correlation between cytokines levels, T cell phenotype, and clinical response.
Results
88 stage IIIA-IV NSCLC patients were enrolled. 60(68.18%) patients achieved partial response(PR), 13 (14.77%) patients were stable(SD) and 15(17.05%) patients had progressed disease (PD). The disease control rate (DCR) was 82.95%. Our results suggested a significant reduction (P = 0.002, P < 0.005) of lymphocyte absolute counts after treatment in the patients with disease progression(PD). Higher levels of IFN-γ(P = 0.023,P < 0.05), TNF-α(P = 0.00098,P < 0.005 ), IL-4 (P = 0.0031 ,P < .0.005), IL-5 (P = 0.0015,P < 0.005) and IL-10 ( P = 0.036 ,P < 0.05) were detected in peripheral blood prior to the treatment in PR group comparing with PD group.. Besides, those patients with high IL-5、IL-13、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ and TNF-α(> 10ng/ml) had superior PFS than those with low IL-5、IL-13、 IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ and TNF-α(< 10ng/ml). Moreover, the expression of PD-1 expression on CD8+Tcells was positive associated with the clinical response between response patients (PR)and non-response(SD + PD)patients(P = 0.042, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The findings of this study imply that the decrease in absolute blood lymphocyte counts after treatment is correlated to the progression of the disease. It is possible that serum cytokine concentrations can forecast the effectiveness and survival rate of anti-PD-1 blockade therapy in NSCLC patients. In addition, the expression of PD-1 expression on CD8+Tcells was positive associated with the better clinical response as well. The findings of our study indicated the potential of peripheral blood biomarkers analysis to offer predictive value of PD-1-targeted treatments to NSCLC patients. Large prospective studies need to further clarify the value of these biomarkers.
Genetic Variants Affecting Insulin Signaling Pathways and Risk of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Gohil Namra Vinay , Kandukuri Vaishnavi , Doddareddy Navya Pillikunte , Charpuria Poornima Jaiswal , Kurian Shresta Mary , Babu Vishva , Ganampet Narendranath Reddy , Parmar Mihirkumar P. , Venugopal Vishal
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The complicated condition known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a diverse genetic and environment-related cause. MIM125853 is among the heterogeneous diseases that can also be characterized as a multifactorial disorder of glucose metabolism with genetic susceptibility of an anomaly in the insulin pathway. We conducted the review with aim to assess the genetic variants affecting the insulin pathway as well as evaluate the risk of diabetes in association with genetic variants.
Methods
We used literature of 13 researches that met the inclusion criteria after the process of selection and analyzation. Our analysis included 59,593 participants in total with a gender distribution of 48% males (n = 24,591) and 52% females (n = 35,002).
Result
Gene variants such as PPARG, SLC30A8, KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and many others plays a pivotal role in the development of type-II diabetes as well as optimal functioning of insulin metabolic pathway for glucose metabolism and distribution with circulation.
Conclusion
KCNJ11 regulates insulin release in collaboration with other genes including ABCC8, KAPN10, IRS1 and TCF7L2. Reduced mutual expression of these kinds of genes could contribute to DM susceptibility. However, it is still unknown how precisely the combination of these genes’ functions in the control of insulin secretion.
Magnitude of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Association Factors Among Pregnant Women in Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, ethiopia in 2021
Authors: Getaneh Chala , wolde haregewyn , Lambebo Abera
Published: September 2023

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders known to develop during pregnancy. A study in northern Ethiopia found a prevalence of 13% among urban women which was higher than that of women in rural areas (5%). Risk factors for GDM are mainly advanced maternal age, obesity and family history of diabetes.
Objective
This study aims to assess the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and association factors in public hospitals of Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.
Methods
Hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa from June 1/2021 to August 1/2021 among randomly selected hospitals. Data was collected through face to face interview using a semi structured questionnaire and stored in to to EPi data version 7.1. Its completeness and cleanliness was checked before importing it to the SPSS version 25 software for the final analysis. The significant factors were computed by using multivariable logistic regression. The independent factors of GDM were those variables with a p < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model and the measures of association was reported in adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% CI.
Results
This study found that the magnitude of gestational diabetic mellitus among the study participant is 18.7%. Factors like multi Parity [AOR = 5.28, 95% CI, 1.45–19.20], Regular ANC follow up [AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17–0.82], MUAC (24–26 cm) [AOR = 5.07, 95% CI: 1.14–22.65] and Sweet drink consumption [AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.10–3.48) were positively associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus. While as fat consumption [AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.94], Nutritional advise [AOR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.12–0.40], fruit Consumption [AOR = 0.51; 95% CI (0.28, 0.91] and meal frequency of > = 3 time per day [AOR = 0.4; 95% CI (0.22, 0.93)] were negatively associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus.
Conclusions
The overall magngnitude of Gestational diabetic mellitus was found to be 18.7% and a major public health concern among pregnant women in Addis Ababa. Parity, MUAC 24–26 cm, Nutritional advice, Sweet drink, and fat consumption were significantly associated with Gestational diabetic mellitus. Given the imminent burden of obesity, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity, a substantial threat of Gestational diabetic mellitus is anticipated in Ethiopia. This may be an appropriate time to think about considering the need for routine screening of Gestational diabetic mellitus to reduce the impact of the diseases in the country.
HIV transmission model study with imperfect vaccination and treatment
Authors: Darazirar Rassim
Published: September 2023

This article presents a mathematical model that integrates HIV dynamics with a compartment for chronic diseases. The model takes into account the impact of imperfect vaccination on the spread of HIV, considering the various stages of the disease and the immune response. Model analysis, including the calculation of the basic reproduction number R0, reveals the effect of vaccination on the long-term prevalence of HIV. If R0 > 1, the disease persists, where as if R0 < 1, the disease dies out. The transition of individuals to the chronic disease compartment is also explored. The results emphasize the importance of vaccination efficacy and duration of protection in controlling the spread of HIV and its progression to chronic stages. Relevant implications for HIV prevention and management strategies emerge from this study.
Evaluation of FNAC Thyroid Smears Using Bethesda System For Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology Nomenclature With Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Ansari Shamim Ahmad , Malik Reeni , Jain Pramila
Published: September 2023

Background: The study aimed to interpret thyroid cytology by the Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytology (TBSRTC) and to analyze the distribution of lesions under various diagnostic categories and subcategories.

Methodology: This study was conducted as an observational study at tertiary care centre on patients with thyroid lesions. After history taking and detailed local, general and systemic examination, thyroid function tests were conducted. Apart from this, ultrasonography of lesion was done. Patients were subjected to FNAC and after fixation smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain.

Results: About 53% thyroid lesions were hemorrhagic, followed by 17% blood mixed colloid and 4% colorless serous fluid. Sample adequacy was noted in 93.5% cases in our study. According to Bethesda system of classification, majority of lesions were benign (81.5%) whereas 6.5% lesions were unsatisfactory. Only 6% lesions were categorsied as malignant.

Conclusion: FNAC is widely accepted as the most accurate, sensitive, specific, and cost- effective diagnostic procedure in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. It is the first line of investigation and can differentiate benign nodules from malignant nodules of the thyroid in 95% cases. Applying a standard reporting system for thyroid cytology may enhance the communication between pathologists and clinicians, assists them to find out the rate of malignancy in each cytological group, and facilitating a more reliable approach for patient management.
Solid Papillary Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Evaluation of a Rare Variant of Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Shah Dhruvi Neel , Mistry Yogesh , Chaudhry Bhawana , Shah Rakshit
Published: September 2023

Background: Solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of the breast is considered a low grade carcinoma with a favorable prognosis. We aimed to describe clinicopathologic features including immunohistochemistry expression profile and to delineate adverse prognostic features, if any.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with SPC between the years 2016–2022 were retrospectively identified from the archives at Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Goraj. Microscopic slides and clinical history were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains were performed.

Results: Of 12 SPCs cases retrieved, 11 (92%) were associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The median tumour size was 1.6cm (range 1.3-7.0cm). All tumors were positive for hormone receptor expression and negative for HER-2Neu. 6 cases (50%) show neuroendocrine differentiation. Lymph node involvement was identified in 4/12 (33.3%) patients. Of 12 patients with outcome data (median follow-up 30 months, range 7-72 months), none (0%) developed local recurrence. No distant metastasis or deaths were observed.

Conclusions: SPCs has excellent prognosis with no local recurrence or distant metastasis in this study. Axillary node metastasis is found to be associated with larger tumor size, however it appears to have no impact on disease free or overall survival.
A Rare Primary Mucocutaneous Presentation of Chronic Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Young Female: A Case Report
Authors: Shende Ankita Shashikant , Chaturvedi Madhu Ishwarchand
Published: September 2023

Classical Histoplasmosis also known as Darling’s disease is a systemic mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum and Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii. It is an opportunistic fungal infection that usually affects immunocompromised patients. Though microbiology culture methods are the gold standard, scrape cytology and histopathology give a relatively rapid diagnosis. It may pose a diagnostic dilemma on histopathology and morphology needs to be carefully studied to rule out other differentials. We present a rare case of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis with primary mucocutaneous lesions in an immunocompetent young female patient. This study is ethically approved from the institute and due written consent for publication from the patient has been taken.
Composite Lymphoma Comprising Follicular Lymphoma with In-situ Mantle Cell Neoplasia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lapenna Antonio , Bianchi Antonella , Annibali Ombretta , Tomarchio Valeria , Rossi Silvia Maria , Perrone Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

A 55-year-old gentleman presented to our hospital with a single inguinal adenopathy, and no other clinical symptoms or signs. An excisional lymph node biopsy was performed. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated follicular center site which stained positive for CD20, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and mantle zone cells which demonstrated Cyclin D1 (CCND1) positivity, partial SOX11 positivity and no expression of CD5, suggesting the diagnosis of composite lymphoma comprising follicular lymphoma (FL) with in situ mantle cell neoplasia (ISMCN), the latter previously referred as in situ mantle cell lymphoma (MCLIS). FL is known as indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the clinical significance of a coexisting ISMCN continues to be elusive, and optimal management of these patients remains largely unknown. This paper reports a new case of this extremely uncommon condition and also discusses reviews of the literature including advances in molecular pathogenesis and lymphoma genomics with the aim to offer novel insights into this rare hematological malignancy.