bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Idempotent Divisor Graph of Commutative Rings
Authors: Mohammad Husam Q. , Abd-almohy Sumaya Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Associate graph Л(R) is said to be idempotent divisor graph with vertices set V(Л(R))=R^*, if any two non- zero elements a_1 and a_2  are adjacent if and only if a_1.a_2=e, where e is an idempotent element not equal 1. In this work we study and introduce the extended idempotent divisor graph that is for any  two non-zero elements  a_1 and a_2  adjacent if 〖〖 a〗_1〗^(t_1 ). 〖a_2〗^(t_2 )=e , where t_1,t_2  ∈Z and e an idempotent element not equal one, and we give some results for properties such as diameter and the girth of this graph. Also, we investigated rings isomorphic to direct product two finite local rings.
Development of A New Colorimetric-Flow System Approach for The Determination of Cefotaxime Sodium in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Hamrawi Nawras Majid Hassouni , Hammood Mohammad K.
Published: February 2025

A new colorimetric-flow injection method has been developed and validated for the detection of Cefotaxime sodium in pharmaceutical formulations. This method stands out for its rapid and sensitive nature. The formation of a brown-colored complex between Cefotaxime sodium and the Biuret reagent in a highly alkaline environment serves as the basis for the detection. The intensity of this colored complex is measured using a custom-built Continuous Flow Injection Analyzer, enabling accurate quantification of Cefotaxime sodium. Optimization studies of the chemical and physical parameters such as dilution of Biuret reagent, effect of the medium basicity, flow rate, sample loop and others have been investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 10-650 μg.ml-1 for each blue & green light source, with correlation coefficient r = 0.9509 & 0.9991 for blue & green respectively. The limit of detection was 5 μg.ml-1 for diluting the lowest concentration in the calibration graph. The RSD% was less than 0.7% for 50 and 100 μg.ml-1 (n=6) concentration of Cefotaxime sodium in each light source. Cefotaxime sodium was successfully determined using the proposed approach in two pharmaceutical products. the conventional approach (UV-spectrophotometry at wavelength 388 nm) and the newly devised method analyses were compared using the conventional add approach and the t-test at a 95% confidence level revealed that there was no discernible difference between the two procedures.
Creating Landslide Susceptibility Map Using Pairwise Comparison Model in Soran City, Irbil Province, Iraq
Authors: Amer Ahmed , Alhadithi Mufid , Shareef Muntather Aidi
Published: February 2025

Landslide susceptibility maps are essential for planning and dealing with natural disasters in mountainous areas. Soran City, Iraq, was selected to use pairwise comparison models to produce the landslide area's susceptibility map. Three data sources were used to create a landslide inventory map: a satellite image, a field investigation, and previous studies. The satellite image utilized in this investigation is LANDSAT-8, downloaded from the USGS website, consisting of 11 bands with 16-days and 30 m temporal and spatial resolutions, respectively. Consequently, 72 landslides were identified and mapped, with 53 (70%) chosen randomly to create the landslide susceptibility model and the remaining 19 (30%) used to validate the models. Eight landslide conditioning factors were studied to build pairwise comparison models to produce a landslide susceptibility map. These factors encompass slope aspect, slope degree, land use, elevation, curvature, NDVI, road distance, and distance to stream. Consequently, the area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed that the measure of the level of disorder in the model with an AUC value of 0.7 has the maximum prediction accuracy at 73.3 %. The susceptibility maps generated by Pairwise comparison models produce an accurate prediction of the susceptibility of the Kamarbandi Soran-Papshtia road segment to landslides, which can be used as a tool for planning land use and reducing disasters.
Desafios éticos e legais na Síndrome de Münchhausen
Authors: Souza Thiago Guimarães Mattos de , Bessa André Cheik , Matos Adriano Medina , Xavier Maria Carolina Coutinho , Byk Jonas , Westphal Fernando Luiz , Nunes Jucimar Carneiro , Leonel Jhadson Silva , Furtado Silvania da Conceição
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Investigar os desafios éticos e legais associados aos pacientes com Síndrome de Münchhausen na prática médica. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Cochrane). Incluiu-se artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, sem restrição de ano de publicação, que abordassem questões éticas e legais relacionadas à síndrome de Munchausen na prática médica. A pesquisa foi orientada pela questão: "Quais são os desafios éticos e legais envolvendo os pacientes com síndrome de Munchausen na prática médica?". Resultados: Dos 3059 artigos inicialmente identificados, 654 foram analisados após a exclusão de duplicatas e artigos não pertinentes. Após a seleção e análise, 7 artigos foram incluídos na amostra final, abordando diversas questões éticas e legais associadas ao manejo da síndrome de Munchausen. Considerações finais: Este mapeamento de publicações, que adota a metodologia das boas práticas para a tomada de decisão, pode beneficiar familiares, gestores e profissionais envolvidos no atendimento de pacientes com Síndrome de Münchhausen. Contudo, é importante destacar que não houve pesquisa na literatura cinzenta, bem como em bases de dados específicas da área de saúde mental e do direito.
Eletroestimulação neuromuscular na reabilitação da disfagia orofaríngea na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Trindade Glaucia Santana , Tognola Waldir Antonio
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: descrever a eficácia da Eletroestimulação Neuromuscular (EN) na disfagia orofaríngea em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson (DP). Métodos: foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado composto pelos grupos controle (4 pessoas) e de estudo (11 pessoas). Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação pré-terapia por meio de protocolos de avaliação funcional e de avaliação objetiva da deglutição pré e pós terapia. Foram empregados testes não paramétrico tanto para comparação das amostras independentes quanto das pareadas. Resultados: em relação à auto avaliação da alimentação, verificou-se que o escore total para os itens que compõem o EAT-10 revelaram características semelhantes entre os grupos. Foram efetuadas comparações das respostas obtidas antes e após a avaliação pelas escalas FOIS e DOSS. O teste de Wilcoxon forneceu um indicativo de diferença significativa entre as respostas pré-avaliação radiológica da deglutição quando comparadas às do pós apenas no segundo grupo. Segundo a FOIS houve, na maioria dos casos, um aumento de um ponto na escala de avaliação. Na DOSS, por outro lado, houve redução de um ponto na escala. Conclusão: a terapia fonoaudiológica convencional e a sua associação à EN em região submental apresentaram efetividade no tratamento da disfagia orofaríngea nos indivíduos com DP.
Capacitação em primeiros socorros para alunos e professores de instituições de ensino público na região do Xingu
Authors: Cirilo Lucas Venâncio Silva , Santos Naum Neves da Costa dos , Correa Déborah Cristina Santiago , Maia Matheus Miranda , Santos Lucas Ferreira dos , Maria Amanda de Assis , Coutinho Larissa Sodré , Carvalho Ândria do Socorro Gusmão de , Cavalcante Rosiane Luz , Coelho Aldine Cecília Lima
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Relatar atividades desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão sobre primeiros socorros para alunos e professores de ensino público na região do Xingu, e a importância dessa capacitação na formação acadêmica desses alunos. Relato de experiência: O projeto de extensão foi executado por professores e acadêmicos da faculdade de medicina, na região do Xingu, por meio de ações de educação em saúde intervencionista sobre primeiros socorros, tendo como local de aplicação duas escolas municipais, o público-alvo consistia em alunos de ensino fundamental e docentes das escolas matriculados na rede de ensino. Considerações finais: A realização das intervenções do projeto de extensão possibilitou instruir e orientar o público-alvo a respeito de ações básicas envolvidas no atendimento em PS, no reconhecimento dos cenários, chamado por ajuda e controle da situação sem o agravamento do estado de saúde da vítima ou viabilização de riscos de vida.
Estratégias de educação permanente no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Pereira Jeanne de Oliveira , Oliveira Ana Paula Pessoa de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Levantar estratégias de educação permanente para o contexto hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou a estratégia PICO e o Método Prisma. Buscaram-se artigos publicados em inglês, português e espanhol entre os anos de 2014 e 2023 nas seguintes bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Base de Dados em Enfermagem (Bdenf). Os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) empregados foram: Estratégia de Educação Permanente, Educação Continuada Multidisciplinar, Educação Permanente Hospitalar, Educação Interprofissional. Resultados: Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, o estudo foi realizado com 06 artigos, que evidenciaram diversas abordagens de ensino, afim alcançar estratégias pedagógicas que proporcionem a participação de todos os profissionais. As metodologias ativas apareceram como estratégias de Educação Permanente, trazendo processo educativo crítico, problematizador e reflexivo, com base no cotidiano. Apresentaram estratégias expositivas, associadas a dinâmicas lúdicas e atividades práticas, como rodas de conversa e práticas pedagógicas que proporcionam troca de saberes entre os profissionais.  Considerações finais: Os estudos demostraram que a aplicação da educação permanente em saúde constitui-se uma ferramenta aliada ao desenvolvimento das competências profissionais e colaboram significativamente com os gestores no contexto hospitalar.
Fotobiomodulação para tratamento de mucosite oral em paciente infantojuvenil com síndrome de down e leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Authors: Dantas Fernanda Suely Barros , Pereira Tácio Fragoso , Lima Luis Henrique Guedes de Andrade , Pessôa Katarina Haluli Janô da Veiga , Souza Jefferson Jorge Morais de , Perez Mariana de Moraes Corrêa , Torres Elaine da Silva , Carvalho Alessandra de Albuquerque Tavares , Melo Junior William Alves de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Relatar o caso clínico com uso da Fotobiomodulação (FBM) no tratamento de mucosite oral (MO) em uma paciente de 15 anos, com síndrome de Down (SD) e leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA), diagnosticada com LLA, o tratamento realizado e conclusão do caso. Detalhamento do Caso: Paciente branca, sexo feminino, 15 anos, diagnosticada com LLA e em tratamento quimioterápico com metotrexato em altas doses, desenvolveu MO, manifestando lesões orais dolorosas que dificultavam a alimentação. Como tratamento iniciou-se a terapia com FBM, ajustando a abordagem conforme a colaboração variável da paciente. Após algumas sessões, observou-se uma melhora significativa na cicatrização das lesões e na redução da dor, permitindo a retomada da alimentação oral sem desconforto significativo. Considerações Finais: A experiência clínica observada neste estudo sublinha a relevância e importância de se utilizar a FBM como uma intervenção valiosa para o manejo da MO em pacientes vulneráveis, incluindo também pacientes com SD e em tratamento quimioterápico.
Reabilitação oral por cárie dental na primeira infância: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Lima Amanda Oliveira , Santos Thaysa Gomes Ferreira Tenório dos , Nicácio Daires Antônio Leandro , Costa Isabella Teodosio da , Marques Renan Mikael Lima , Barros Vanessa Menezes Gomes de , Arcanjo Sara Raquel Melo , Carvalho Ana Kamylla Amorim Saraiva de , Vieira Douglas da Cunha , Galvão Brendon Washington Laranjeira
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Relatar uma reabilitação oral por cárie precoce na primeira infância utilizando coroas de acetato em dentes decíduos superiores anteriores. Detalhamento de Caso: Paciente masculino, 4 anos de idade, leucoderma, com incisivos superiores apresentando lesões de cárie. Foi realizado exames de imagens para alcançar um melhor planejamento na reabilitação dos incisivos superiores decíduos, também utilizou materiais como a resina composta e as matrizes de acetato com intuito de devolver função e estética, além de proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida para a criança. A reabilitação em pacientes odontopediátricos costuma ser mais desafiadora, no entanto, a literatura traz como alternativa o uso das coroas de acetato com material restaurador resinoso, com a finalidade de facilitar a execução do tratamento em pacientes infantis. Considerações finais: Considera-se que, o uso de matrizes de acetato pré-fabricadas se mostrou eficiente, com sua fácil execução possibilitou ter um menor tempo clínico que obteve bom resultado estético e funcional.
Iniciação sexual de adolescentes escolares no Brasil
Authors: Paraguassu Maria Cristina Paiva , Madeiro Alberto Pereira
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a iniciação sexual dos adolescentes escolares no Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais, orientações recebidas na escola e questões relacionadas aos serviços de saúde. Empregou-se a regressão de Poisson, com cálculo da razão de prevalência ajustada (RPaj) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de iniciação sexual foi de 31,1%. Observou-se idade média de iniciação de 13,76 anos (sexo masculino: 13,42 anos; sexo feminino: 14,29 anos). Houve maior prevalência de iniciação sexual entre adolescentes do sexo masculino (RPaj=1,66; 1,59;1,73), de 16 a 17 anos (RPaj=1,13; 1,11;1,14), de escolas públicas (RPaj=1,04; IC95% 1,03;1,05), habitantes da região Norte (RPaj=1,04; 1,03;1,06), que usavam álcool (RPaj=1,10; 1,08;1,11), cigarro (RPaj=1,12; 1,11;1,14) e drogas ilícitas (RPaj=1,18; IC95%1,16;1,20), que se envolveram em brigas nos últimos 30 dias (RPaj=1,06; 1,04;1,08) e que já sofreram violência sexual (RPaj=1,33; 1,31;1,36). Conclusão: Cerca de 1/3 dos adolescentes informaram já ter iniciado a vida sexual, com idade média de início mais baixa entre os rapazes. Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e do contexto familiar apresentaram associação com a iniciação sexual.
Qualidade de vida de gestantes atendidas na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Pinho Paula Hayasi , Lacerda Luanna Carolyne Silva de , Santiago Lara Peixoto , Oliveira Clotilde Assis de , Campos Renata de Oliveira , Santana Jerusa da Mota
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre qualidade de vida em gestantes atendidas na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases: BVS, PsycNet e PubMed, realizada entre novembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023. Critérios de inclusão: artigos publicados entre 2012 a 2022, em Português, Inglês e Espanhol, que utilizassem escalas de qualidade de vida ou abordassem sobre o tema. Resultados: A partir da análise dos 10 artigos, emergiram 3 categorias temáticas: 1- Atenção pré-natal enquanto promotora da saúde integral e da qualidade de vida; 2- Determinantes sociais na saúde e na qualidade de vida da gestante; e 3- Fatores relacionados à gestação e suas repercussões na saúde mental e na qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: O pré-natal, a abordagem integral, e a participação da família e do companheiro, fazem-se importantes e são considerados fatores protetores para a saúde e qualidade de vida das gestantes.
Avaliação do nível de conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na área de oncologia sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Galdino Amanda Chereze , Teixeira Bárbara Campos Gontijo , Martini Beatriz Parentoni , Cardoso Isabela Cristine , Arquete Júlia de Oliveira Ferreira , Faria Flaviany Custódio , Campos Pedro Ivo Carmo
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Avaliar quantitativamente o nível de conhecimento da equipe multiprofissional da saúde com atuação em oncologia sobre o conceito e aplicação dos Cuidados Paliativos (CP) aos pacientes. Métodos: Aplicação de questionário validado, BPW (Bonn Palliative Care Knowledge Test), aos profissionais de saúde do setor de oncologia de um hospital, de uma clínica privada e de um Núcleo Regional de Voluntários de Prevenção e Combate ao Câncer, e questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: Questões da seção 1 do BPW que obtiveram relevância estatísticas foram as questões 2, 11 e 23, enquanto da seção 2 foram as questões 2, 4 e 13. Sobre a realização de uma graduação ou não, foi observada diferença significativa sobre conhecimentos em CP, no qual os profissionais que possuem nível superior apresentam melhores resultados. Conclusão: Cuidados Paliativos é uma área de grande relevância para o profissional de saúde, visto que maximiza a qualidade de vida dos pacientes oncológicos, porém ainda é pouco discutida durante a graduação e formação dos profissionais de saúde.
O saber profissional sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde e Sífilis Congênita na Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana de Cássia Ferreira Leal de , Cordeiro Benedito Carlos
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família, localizada em um município do estado do Rio de Janeiro, sobre Sífilis Congênita e Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza descritiva, realizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município de São Pedro da Aldeia.  Os participantes incluíram médico, enfermeiro, técnico de enfermagem e agentes comunitários de saúde. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, e a análise foi realizada com base na metodologia de Bardin. Resultados: A análise das entrevistas revelou duas categorias principais. A primeira aponta a falta de clareza dos profissionais sobre o conceito de EPS, frequentemente confundido com Educação Continuada. Além disso, não foi mencionada a relevância do trabalho em equipe ou a discussão dos processos de trabalho. A segunda categoria destaca o conhecimento insuficiente acerca da sífilis congênita e dos protocolos relacionados, sendo que a maioria dos profissionais não fez referência ao protocolo medicamentoso. Conclusão: É imprescindível reforçar a Educação Permanente em Saúde, enfatizando conceitos e práticas que aprimorem a qualidade do atendimento. Esse esforço é essencial para enfrentar a sífilis congênita de maneira eficaz e promover a integração e o desenvolvimento das equipes de saúde.
Alterações cardíacas decorrentes da prática esportiva de alta intensidade e sua relação com as cardiopatias
Authors: Cavalcante Augusto Dias , Labre Luciana Vieira Queiroz , Jubé Gabriel Rodrigues , Cavalcante Gabriel Cremonez , Tavares Pedro Augusto Fonseca , Monteiro Victor Hugo Cardoso , Arantes Arthur Guimarães
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Identificar as divergências entre as alterações cardíacas fisiológicas e patológicas decorrentes da prática de exercícios físicos de alta intensidade realizados por atletas. Métodos: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática utilizando análises observacionais que investigam as alterações cardíacas em atletas, por meio da busca nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos científicos realizados com atletas saudáveis, atletas cardiopatas, indivíduos não atletas saudáveis e indivíduos não atletas cardiopatas, que estudaram a diferenciação do coração do atleta de doenças cardíacas estruturais. Ao avaliar a qualidade metodológica pela escala ROBINS-E, os artigos selecionados apresentaram risco baixo ou moderado. Considerações finais: A presente revisão identificou que a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma das principais causas de morte súbita cardíaca entre atletas, dificultando a distinção entre adaptações normais e patologias cardíacas. A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é fundamental para superar essas limitações e avaliar adaptações conforme o tipo de exercício. A análise de deformação miocárdica e do volume diastólico final ajuda a diferenciar condições patológicas do "coração de atleta”.
Epidemiologia de gestantes com HIV no Brasil
Authors: Araújo Kenis Mourão , Mendonça Xaene Maria Fernandes Duarte , Silveira Cinthia Cristina Sousa de Menezes  da , Sousa Júnior Alcinês da  Silva , Barros Conceição do Socorro Damasceno , Curi-Rad Elusa Costa Machado , Costa Filho Marcos La Roque da , Andrade Raquel Rodrigues de
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre o perfil epidemiológico de gestantes portadoras de HIV/AIDS no Brasil. Métodos: A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, abrangendo publicações entre 2020 e 2024. Resultados: Nesse período, observou-se um aumento no número de casos detectados, indicando tanto uma ampliação da testagem quanto a persistência da transmissão do vírus. A transmissão vertical, que ocorre da mãe para o filho durante a gestação, parto ou amamentação, representa um dos principais desafios para a saúde pública. No entanto, as intervenções profiláticas, como a administração de terapia antirretroviral (TAR) durante a gestação, o parto e no recém-nascido, têm demonstrado eficácia na redução dessa forma de transmissão. A implementação de políticas públicas de saúde é considerada essencial para o controle da epidemia entre gestantes. Ainda assim, desafios significativos permanecem, incluindo dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento, desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e barreiras sociais e econômicas que afetam o acompanhamento adequado dessas pacientes. Considerações finais: A conscientização, o fortalecimento de ações educativas e a oferta de atendimento contínuo e humanizado são fundamentais para reduzir a incidência de novos casos e promover melhores desfechos materno-infantis. Estratégias integradas de saúde pública e iniciativas de educação continuada são indispensáveis para enfrentar os obstáculos remanescentes e melhorar a qualidade de vida das gestantes e de seus filhos.
A study on the evaluation of the anatomical skills learning methodology reviews given by the paramedic students - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kavitha Dr. , Srimathi Dr.
Published: February 2025

The anatomical based foundation for both the medic and paramedic students becomes essential to progress in their carrier. Anatomical practical skills become important to have thorough knowledge of the structures involved in theoretical and practical part of the anatomy for the paramedic students.The aim of the study is to evaluate the skill learning methodology reviews given by the paramedic students. The study will be conducted in the Department of Anatomy, SRIHER after getting a approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. 100 numbers of paramedical students were assessed for the period of six months from Aug 2023 to Jan 2024. Two Google forms will be given, and effectiveness of the anatomical skills reviews were collected. The forms will be given both in virtual mode and in person mode and ask them to submit in classroom itself. Data collected in the google form, will be analysed, interpreted and the result will be obtained. Results will be obtained from the paramedical students based on the results analysed the finalised forms will be evaluated. Anatomical learning skills for the anatomy students becomes essential as the topic was very vague and facing challenges during Vivas. In this regard, this study becomes very important for the Paramedic students to give a better performance to learn the subject.
Impact of Implementing Structured Compensatory Methods on Knowledge and Awareness of Cognitive Dysfunction Management Among Neurological Disorder Patients in Vijayapur Hospitals
Authors: Vijaykumar Nelson , Varghese Aleyamma
Published: February 2025

Background Cognitive impairment hinders thinking learning memory and decision-making with symptoms like memory loss poor concentration and mood changes. It can result from neurotoxicity ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimerrsquos and Parkinsonrsquos.Objectives The study aimed to assess knowledge about cognitive impairment evaluate the effectiveness of structured compensatory techniques and analyze the relationship between knowledge scores and sociodemographic variables.Methodology The study assessed the effectiveness of structured compensatory techniques in improving knowledge about cognitive impairment among neurological patients in Vijayapura hospitals. A one-group pre-test post-test design was employed with participants being adults literate in Kannada or English and hospitalized for neurological conditions. Exclusions included those unwilling to participate or with severe cognitive impairments. Data were gathered using a validated self-administered questionnaire over four weeks. Pre-test scores mean 15.61 showed significant improvement post-intervention mean 18.80 P lt 0.05 highlighting the importance of educational programs to enhance knowledge in this group.Results Pre-test results revealed a mean knowledge score of 15.61 SD plusmn 3.86 which improved to 18.80 SD plusmn 3.85 post-intervention. Before the intervention 76.7 46 respondents had average knowledge 15 9 had good knowledge and 8.3 5 had poor knowledge. Post-intervention 68.3 41 displayed average knowledge while 31.7 19 showed good knowledge. A paired t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in scores P lt 0.05 t 10.11.Conclusion The study revealed a significant improvement in knowledge about cognitive impairment and its management after implementing structured compensatory techniques emphasizing the importance of educational programs for patients with neurological disorders.
Review of Prevention and Management Strategies for Pressure Sores and Ulcers in Immobilized Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Mathew Ramya , Cynthia D'sa Asha , Marina Machado Nishitha , Nayak Chaithra
Published: February 2025

Pressure sores also called lsquopressure ulcersrsquo or lsquobedsoresrsquo develop on various parts of the body due to prolonged pressure which can lead to skin and tissue damage. These injuries are a cause for concern in immobilized orthopaedic patients due to limited mobility and prolonged immobility. This systematic review aimed to evaluate interventions and strategies for preventing and managing pressure sores in this population. We reviewed seventeen research articles including case studies cohort studies randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The reviewed studies underscore several crucial elements in preventing and managing pressure ulcers in immobilized orthopedic patients including structured education and training care bundles evidence-based guidelines innovative interventions managing risk factors nursing care comprehensive skin care a positive attitude and a proactive approach. In conclusion pressure ulcers are a significant concern in immobilized orthopaedic patients but with the implementation of evidence-based strategies their incidence can be significantly reduced. Structured educational initiatives care bundles evidence-based practice guidelines and innovative interventions along with the crucial role of nurses are key components in preventing and managing pressure ulcers. Healthcare providers can enhance patient outcomes improve the quality of care and lower healthcare costs related to pressure ulcer management by implementing these strategies.
Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management of Obstructed Labor Among Final Year GNM Students
Authors: K S Noorjan , D’Souza Preethi
Published: February 2025

Background The women of developing countries are at risk of pregnancy-related complications including eclampsia obstructed labour sepsis etc. Obstructed labour is the single most important cause of maternal death and is one of the three leading causes of perinatal mortality with a case fatality rate ranging between 87-100. Objectives To assess the pre-existing knowledge prepare and administer the structured teaching program and to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program by comparing the pre and post-test knowledge scores regarding the management of obstructed labour.Methods The study was conducted at a selected school of nursing and one group pre-test post-test experimental research design was used for the study. The sample comprised of 60 GNM final year students. The sample was selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results There was an association between pre-test knowledge levels and educational status of final year GNM students regarding the management of obstructed labour. The remaining variables such as age religion and source of information were found to be non-significant.Conclusion The findings of the study revealed that educating the students was effective in updating the knowledge and skills regarding management of obstructed labour. The study provides valuable insights into its causes consequences and management. The STP helped the subjects to update their knowledge regarding management of obstructed labour
The Effectiveness of Self-Esteem Enhancement Program Among Adolescence in Selected Nursing College, Wayanad
Authors: Antony Lida , George Treety , K Mansheena , . Darshana , Hynse Aimy
Published: February 2025

Background and aim Adolescents are at a critical juncture of development where self-esteem significantly affects their well-being and behaviors. This study aimed to assess adolescent self-esteem levels and evaluate the effectiveness of a self-esteem enhancement program for undergraduate nursing students.Methods A quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pre test post-test design was employed. Seventy-five undergraduate nursing students were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tools included demographic questionnaires and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The program consisted of a five-day intervention involving presentations relaxation techniques role-plays quizzes group discussions and dance sessions.Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in self-esteem post-intervention mean pre-test score 17.39 mean post-test score 20.42 t 4.670 P lt 0.001 indicating the programrsquos effectiveness in enhancing self-esteem among participants.Conclusion This study underscores the importance of addressing low self-esteem in adolescents and highlights the value of targeted interventions such as the self-esteem enhancement program implemented in this study to promote positive self-concept and psychosocial development among nursing students and potentially other adolescent populations.
Benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care for the “Larger” Low Birth Weight Infant (> 2000g)
Authors: UP (SR. Lias) Urakkattil Maria , Rao P N Suman , Dubey Pragya , Bhat Swarnarekha
Published: February 2025

Introduction Prematurity and low birth weight LBW are major factors in neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental disability. Kangaroo Mother Care KMC combining skin-to-skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding is effective in LBW infants. The 2022 WHO recommendations expanded KMC to infants up to 2500 g prompting this study to assess its impact particularly on ldquolargerrdquo LBW infants.Methodology This was an observational study carried out in a South Indian tertiary care hospital included infants 750-2500 g clinically stable for KMC. Physiological parameters were monitored during KMC and conventional care. The study group was stratified by birth weight Group A 750-1499 g Group B 1500-1999 g Group C 2000-2499 g.Results Out of 91 cases the study showed a significant rise in respiratory and heart rates during KMC across all groups. Temperature increased significantly with the largest rise observed in the ldquolargerrdquo LBW infants Group C reducing hypothermia risk by 77. The incidence of mild hypothermia was notably reduced in all groups during KMC with the ldquolargerrdquo LBW infants Group C experiencing the most substantial reduction. The prevalence of mild hypothermia in this group decreased by 39 highlighting the effectiveness of KMC in mitigating hypothermic conditions in larger LBW infants.Discussion The study highlights KMCs effectiveness in preventing hypothermia in larger LBW infants aligning with 2022 WHO guidelines. The temperature rise was more significant in postnatal wards reinforcing KMCs benefits for infants gt2 kg. Conclusion KMC postnatal wards. The study underscores the need for KMC adoption in postnatal care highlighting its benefits for larger LBW infants.
IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENTS IN THE TROPICAL BASIN USING CROPWAT 8.0 MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF THE BA RIVER BASIN, VIETNAM
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, A27 - 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam, PHAN Thi Thanh Hang
Published: February 2025

In the context of climate change and the current scarcity of water resources, assessing and forecasting irrigation water requirements are crucial for water resource management in tropical river basins. This research applied the CROPWAT 8.0 model together with ArcGIS software and CMhyd model to determine the current irrigation water requirement for crops in four sub-basins in the Ba River basin and projected it until 2100 under the scenarios of the CMIP6 model. Under the impact of climate change, the irrigation water requirement tends to increase, especially during the dry months in sub-basin 4 in the lower Ba River basin. Rice is the crop with the highest water requirement among all four sub-basins. This presents a significant challenge for the local managers. The results of this research can serve as a basis for planning irrigation strategies that align with the characteristics of crops, natural conditions, socio-economic factors, and adaptation to climate change. Additionally, this research can be used as a reference to support decision-makers in the rational management and use of water resources in tropical basins, select appropriate irrigation methods for each type of crop, and consider economic calculations in national planning to determine an effective crop structure for each river basin.
The Impact of a Concomitant Meniscus Surgery on Hop Performance Symmetry in Patients Rehabilitating After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Malliah Krishna , VanZile Adam , Walden Mark , Pennucci Matthew , Botts Adam , Ailor Caitlyn , Ruse Scott , Taylor Michael , Nelson Ian , Snyder Matthew , Abreu Daniel , Yeager Emma , McBride Sean , Almonroeder Thomas G.
Published: February 2025

Background

Meniscus injuries often accompany anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, little is known about how different surgical approaches to treat concomitant meniscus injuries impact hop performance after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare hop test inter-limb symmetry for patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction without an associated meniscal surgery, patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction with a meniscus repair, and patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction with a partial meniscectomy.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Hop test data collected at the time of return-to-sport testing (average of 6.4 ± 1.4 months after surgery) was extracted from electronic medical records for 192 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction. Of these patients, 102 had undergone an isolated ACL reconstruction, 60 had undergone an ACL reconstruction along with a meniscus repair, and 30 had undergone an ACL reconstruction along with a partial meniscectomy. Analysis of variance was used to compare limb symmetry indices for the single- and triple-hop tests. These limb symmetry indices reflected the ratio of the hop distance for the involved limb relative to the uninvolved limb, expressed as a percentage.

Results

The sample was comprised of 100 males and 92 females. Their average age was 20.6 ± 8.2 years. There were significant differences among the groups for the single-hop test (p = 0.031) and triple-hop test (p = 0.024) limb symmetry indices. For both tests, the patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction with a partial meniscectomy tended to exhibit greater deficits in hop performance for their involved limb (relative to their uninvolved limb), compared to those without a meniscal injury and those who had undergone meniscus repair.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that patients who undergo ACL reconstruction along with a partial meniscectomy tend to experience less complete and/or delayed recovery of involved-limb hop performance, which could reflect more persistent deficits in lower body power.

Level of Evidence

3
The Effects of Noxious Electrical Stimulation and Eccentric Exercise on Mechanical and Thermal Pain Sensitivity in Recreational Runners with Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Stackhouse Scott K. , Eckenrode Brian J. , Madara Kathleen C.
Published: February 2025

Background

Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse condition that can become persistent despite conservative treatment. Sensitization of both the peripheral and central nervous systems may contribute to the persistent pain. Both exercise and electrical stimulation have the potential to modulate the nervous system’s sensitivity to painful stimuli.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in pain sensitivity and self-reported function in runners with chronic Achilles tendon pain following sequential treatment with noxious electrical stimulation (NxES) and eccentric plantarflexion exercise.

Study Design

Single group, repeated measures design.

Methods

Sixteen participants with chronic Achilles tendinopathy completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles scale (VISA-A) and quantitative sensory tests (pressure pain threshold, heat temporal summation, and heat pain threshold) at baseline, one week, seven weeks, and then at a one month post intervention follow-up. The NxES was applied for one week, then followed by plantarflexion eccentric exercise for six weeks. Changes across timepoints were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc analysis to describe differences. Hedges g effect sizes were also calculated.

Results

There was a significant improvement in LEFS (p < 0.001) and VISA-A (p < 0.001) from baseline to one month follow-up, with a mean change of 9.6 ± 7.7 and 19.4 ± 17.7 points respectively. Pressure pain threshold of the involved Achilles tendon increased over time (p < 0.001) with significant improvements after NxES application (p = 0.002) and after six weeks of eccentric exercise (p < 0.001). There were significant improvements from baseline to one month follow-up for heat temporal summation (p = 0.001) and heat pain threshold ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

For individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy, a sequential treatment of NxES followed by eccentric exercise resulted in a clinically significant improvement in self-reported pain and function. During the first week of treatment there was a reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia during the NxES-only phase, while a large reduction in primary heat hyperalgesia and additional desensitization to mechanical pain occurred during the eccentric training phase of treatment.

Level of Evidence

2b
Effectiveness of Vestibular Rehabilitation in Children Post-Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tiwari Devashish , Erdal Melisa , Alonzo Kristyn , Twombly Victoria , Concannon Paige , West August , O'Byrne Mairead
Published: February 2025

Background

Concussion in children is a significant public health burden in the United States with 2.3 million children under the age of 17 years sustaining a concussion in 2022 alone. Children post-concussion experience a wide range of symptoms of vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) has been shown to substantially decrease dizziness and improve gait and balance function in adults post-concussion, but limited information is available for children.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of VRT on improving vestibular function, postural control, and gait in children post-concussion.

Study design

Systematic review.

Methods

An electronic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was conducted in October 2022 and later updated in April 2024 using MeSH terms and keywords related to vestibular rehabilitation, concussion, and children. Quality appraisal was conducted independently by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized for screening and data extraction.

Results

Overall, twelve studies (three randomized controlled trials, five cohort studies, two case series and two case reports) were included in the review. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was the most frequently utilized measure (five studies). Three studies reported a statistically significant improvement in DHI (change scores = 19-25, p < 0.05), gait speed (F = 38.3, p < 0.001), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) (change score percentage 12.1 – 52%, p < 0.01), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale (change = 20-29 points, p <0.01).

Conclusion

VRT shows promise and may result in symptom improvements in children post-concussion when used as part of a multimodal intervention plan. Further research with larger samples is recommended to make informed decisions about dosage and long-term functional outcomes in children post-concussion.

Level of Evidence

3
Reliability of Ultrasound Based Compressibility of the Lower Leg Anterior Tibial Muscle Compartment in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: van Heeswijk Kay , Spek Daniëlle , Muijsenberg Jesse , Janssen Loes , Winkes Michiel , Hoogeveen Adwin R. , Scheltinga Marc
Published: February 2025

Background

Some individuals have exercise-induced lower leg pain (ELP) caused by a chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). As intracompartmental muscle pressure measurements are invasive with suboptimal test characteristics, other diagnostic tools are needed. Recently, ultrasound-based muscle compartment thickness analysis at 10mmHg (d10) and 80mmHg (d80) external pressure was introduced for this purpose. The difference in compartment thickness at these two external pressures induced by the study device is used to calculate muscle compressibility, a possible marker for CECS.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of a novel ultrasound compressibility technique using two distinct internal landmarks at the lower leg in a diverse group of asymptomatic adults.

Study design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Healthy volunteers (n=35; 21 female; median age 40 years, range 19-72; BMI 24.1 kg/m2, range 18.3-31.6) not having ELP underwent serial compressibility measurements (n=1678) of both legs by three observers at the tibialis anterior (TA) using the interosseous membrane (IM) and transition zone IM to tibial bone (TZIT) as internal landmarks. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was calculated for values of d10, d80 and compressibility using intraclass correlations (ICC).

Results

TA compartments are less compressible using the IM landmark compared to the TZIT landmark (10.5% vs 12.5%; p<0.001). Inter-observer ICC for IM was always higher (d10 0.85; d80 0.82; compressibility 0.51) than for TZIT (d10 0.65; d80 0.53; compressibility 0.20). The intra-observer reliability for d10 and d80 was excellent (ICC>0.90) for all three observers. ICC of compressibility varied among observers and ranged from 0.76 to 0.48, with higher ICCs demonstrated for IM compared to TZIT.

Conclusion

Ultrasound based anterior tibial muscle compressibility measurements have moderate inter-observer reliability and excellent intra-observer reliability if the interosseous membrane is used as internal landmark. Future studies are aimed to test muscle compressibility after exercise and in CECS.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
Reliability and Agreement of Hand-Held Dynamometry Using Three Standard Rater Test Positions
Authors: Aerts Frank , Sheets Holly , Anderson Chance , Bussie Natalie , Hoskins Rose , Maninga Amanda , Novak Emily
Published: February 2025

Background

The use of portable hand-held dynamometers is increasing in popularity due to their ease of use in different clinical settings, convenient size, portability, and overall affordability. Reported reliability for external fixation and rater-stabilized hand-held dynamometry (HHD) strength measurements have been found to be ‘good’ to ‘excellent’. Inconsistent agreement has been found between the two stabilization methods and isokinetic HHD testing.

Purpose / Hypothesis

Determine the reliability and agreement of HHD measurements in three different rater test positions against three different mechanically produced force magnitudes. The study compared measurements obtained by rater-stabilization to external fixation methods.

Study Design

Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study.

Methods

Ten raters took measurements in three different rater test positions against three different force magnitudes created by an external force. Raters were blinded to the randomized force magnitudes. The rater’s measurements were compared to measurements taken against an external fixation stabilization device. To establish reliability, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) were used. To establish agreement, error rates between the rater-stabilized and external fixation stabilization measurements were calculated.

Results

ICC’s were found to be ‘excellent’ at .97 and above. The relative SEM ranged from 0.2% to 0.9 % and the relative MDC ranged from 0.7% to 2.8%. The overall error rate was 15.5% and was influenced by force magnitude.

Conclusion

The use of standardized rater test positions resulted in ‘excellent’ intra-rater, inter-rater reliability, low SEM, and low MDC for rater-stabilized HHD measurements. A systematic error was observed, with rater-stabilized measurements resulting in higher values compared with values obtained with the external fixation method.

Level of Evidence

3