bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of neuraminidase gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N8 virus isolates recovered in the Russian Federation in 2020
Authors: Akshalova P. B. , Zinyakov N. G. , Andriyasov A. V. , Zhestkov P. D. , Nikonova Z. B. , Kolosov S. N. , Chvala I. A.
Published: November 2021

Avian influenza is a highly dangerous viral disease that causes huge economic damage to poultry farming. Currently, highly virulent influenza virus with N8 neur- aminidase subtype is quite often detected in populations of domestic and wild birds in various countries of the world. The article provides data on complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase gene of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates recovered in the second half of 2020 from pathological material received from four regions of the Russian Federation. The conducted research showed that the subtype of the isolated virus was N8. According to the phylogenetic analysis, isolates of N8 virus belong to group 8C.4. During the phylogenetic analysis of the neuraminidase, we also took into account data on hemagglutinin classification, according to which H5N8 virus isolates belong to a widespread clade 2.3.4.4. Viruses of the clade were first registered in 2010 in China and they have been circulating up to now. The paper also provides data of a comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of the studied isolates and the isolates from the international GenBank and GISAID databases, recovered in other countries from 2007 to 2020. During the analysis of the amino acid sequence of the studied isolates, no substitutions were found in the positions that affect resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. The complete nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase gene of the avian influenza virus subtype N8 (isolates A/domestic goose/OMSK/1521-1/2020, A/duck/Chelyabinsk/1207-1/2020, A/duck/Saratov/1578-2/2020, A/goose/Tatarstan/1730-2/2020) are published in the international GenBank and GISAID databases. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the studied isolates, the article shows gradual evolution of the N8 subtype virus.
Epidemiological monitoring of avian influenza in the Republic of Crimea in 2019–2020
Authors: Gadzevich D. V. , Danylchenko S. I. , Vorotilova N. V. , Pasunkina M. A. , Uppe V. A. , Irza V. N. , Volkov M. S. , Zinyakov N. G.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents results of avian influenza epidemiological monitoring in the Republic of Crimea in 2019–2020. The attention was focused on the study of water basins of the Azov and Black Seas, the Sivash Lagoon and freshwater lakes in the Feodosia Urban Okrug, Leninsky, Sovetsky, Nizhnegorsky, Chernomorsky and Saksky Raions to detect the avian influenza virus circulation. Examination of the above mentioned areas showed that some freshwater reservoirs became shallow and dry, and aquatic vegetation degraded. The natural biotope analysis conducted in 2019 and 2020 showed a decreased number of semiaquatic wild birds. The pathological material was sampled from semiaquatic and migratory wild birds, as well as from poultry kept in poultry farms and backyards. The collected samples were tested using real-time RT-PCR. In 2019, the AIV type A (H9) genome was detected in one fecal sample taken from wild birds near Kuchuk-Adzhigol Lake in Feodosia Urban Okrug. The AIV type A (H5) genome was detected in 2020 during laboratory testing of pathological material taken from the remains of a mute swan within the shoreline of a freshwater lake near the Ermakovo settlement of the Dzhankoysky Raion. The genetic analysis was performed in the FGBI “ARRIAH” (Vladimir), and the N8 subtype neuraminidase of the influenza virus isolate was determined. The comparative genetic analysis of 258 bp nucleic acid sequences of the AIV H gene fragment showed that the identified isolate belongs to the Asian genetic lineage of highly pathogenic AIV subtype H5 (clade 2.3.4.4) associated with the epidemic spread in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa in 2016–2020.
Echinococcosis of dogs in the North Caucasian Subjects (infrastructural, epizootological and sanitary-hygienic analysis)
Authors: Kabardiev S. Sh. , Bittirov A. M. , Aigubova S. A. , Gyulakhmedova N. Kh.
Published: November 2021

Based on the official statistics the situation of parasitic diseases in the Russian Federation is still quite unfavorable. The issues of soil contamination with Echinococcus granulosus eggs are understudied that’s why the objective of the research was to study canine echinococcosis which poses a threat to animal and human disease freedom in the North Caucasian countries. Helminthological tests of the guardian dog feces were performed in seven North Caucasian Subjects: the Stavropol Krai, the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Republic of North Ossetia −Alania, Republic of Ingushetia, the Chechen Republic, and the Republic of Dagestan. As a result, it was determined that the average frequency index of echinococcosis occurrence was 85.07%. The moderate fecal egg count in 1,400 samples was 22.73 ± 1.49 eggs per 10 grams of dog feces. The data obtained are indicative of the disease unfavourable situation in the Subjects and the zoonosis spread at the regional level. Helminthological tests of 14,000 soil samples from near-village pastures for contamination with tapeworm eggs, including Echinococcus granulosus, showed that the invasion rate in the Stavropol Krai was 65.80%, in Karachay-Cherkessia republic − 79.00%, in Kabardino-Balkaria − 82.60%, in North Ossetia − Alania − 74.65%, in Ingushetia − 88.20%, in Chechnya − 83.75%, in Dagestan − 79.85%. The results obtained testify to the high level of soil contamination with the infective eggs. It was demonstrated that there is a relationship between the distribution of viable Echinococcus granulosus eggs in pasture soils and ecological characteristics of the Subject: the largest number of viable Echinococcus granulosus eggs was observed in submountain areas, fewer eggs were observed in flatlands, and the least number of eggs – in the mountain areas. The number of eggs detected in the soil samples from pastures is indicative of the disease persistence in humans and animals. Results of the helminthological tests of 7,500 soil samples from 119 cattle-driving routes of the North Caucasus demonstrate 100% contamination with parasitic agents which poses a threat of epidemiological and epizootological situation of echinococcosis in the Subject.
Tasks for the national Olympiad in the Russian language for school students: content selection and skills requirements
Authors: Dobrotina I. N. , Osipova I. V.
Published: November 2021

The present paper aims to describe approaches to the content selection of the tasks used in the regional and final stages of the Olympiad in the Russian language. The issue regarding the correlation between the existing documents that prescribe the content of education on the one hand and the requirements for holding the regional and final stages of the national Olympiad in Russian for school students on the other is treated as relevant in this study. The performed analysis of the methodological guidelines for holding the school and municipal stages of the national Olympiad for school students in combination with the examination of the codifiers employed to develop testing and assessment materials for learners’ final assessment allowed the authors to identify the didactic units which are the elements to be tested. Moreover, the paper provides models for several tasks. These models permit achieving the objective of assessing learners’ knowledge and building their motivation for cognitive activity. It is concluded that the content of the tasks and the tested skills of school students participating in the national Olympiad in the Russian language completely satisfy the requirements specified in the documents which regulate the development of the testing and assessment materials for the state final certification in this subject. These tasks can be used by teachers not only as a resource to prepare students for the Olympiad, but also to motivate them to study Russian.
"I do not ask God for happiness": a philological analysis of M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem "Valerik"
Authors: Bobylev B. G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The article presents an analysis of the poem "Valerik" written by M. Yu. Lermontov. The methods of commenting, rhythmosemantic analysis, close (slow) reading, intertextual analysis are employed. The study describes the genre, composition, and the stylistics of the text. The idea about the predominance of expressiveness over figurativeness in the poem is developed. The author draws parallels between Lermontov’s artistic method and expressionism. It is noted that the poem is devoted to a dialogue with God who is viewed as the addressee of the message.
New achievements in Russian linguistics (neo-psycholinguistics, migration linguistics, contact linguistics, computational linguistics, connectivistics)
Authors: Bazylev V. N.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The paper is focused on relevant directions in modern Russian Linguistics. It is the continuation of the 2019 publication where the ideas of Pedagogical and Anthropo-Oriented Linguistics, Political Communication Studies and Theological Linguistics were introduced. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the expanding horizons of the science about the language of the 21st century. The particular sections of the text characterize the goals of modern linguistics, its key concepts, objectives and methods currently employed in the sphere of studying language and real discursive practices. The methodology of the research consists in describing new research paradigms. Such paradigms are objectively formed in the course of progressing scientific activity; their changes are triggered by the evolution of society, its socially valuable demand to upgrade not only science but also its educational system on the basis of certain conceptual, value, methodological and technological beliefs. The idea behind this paper is to help teachers to make sense of a big variety of modern linguistic ideas and opt for those which they can use to develop innovative approaches to teaching Russian.
Zavedovat’ or zavedyvat’?
Authors: Kamchatnov A. M.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to provide a historical explanation of how the spelling rule of the verb zaveduyu – zavedovat’ arose. The main research method is analytical, involving the analysis of the morphemic and word-forming structure of the verb, as well as the method of observing the historically variable practice of using the verbs zavedovat’ and zavedyvat’, as well as verbs with other prefixes that are of the same root with them. The study found that the normative spelling of zaveduyu – zavedovat’ is not etymological, which arose due to the peculiarities of Russian stressed vocalism and the analogical influence of nominative, not verbal verbs. The results obtained will contribute to the conscious attitude of teachers and students to the spelling norms of the Russian language.
Performance Assessment of Motorized Solar Photovoltaic Louvers System Using PVSYST Software
Authors: Hasan Hussein Safwat Hasan , Hwang Humor
Published: November 2021

In the realm of technological market penetration of solar photovoltaiclouvers (PVL) addressing environmental difficulties and the industrialrevolution, a new avenue of renewable energy is introduced. Moreover,solar energy exploitation through building façades was addressedthrough motorized solar photovoltaic louvers (MPVL). On the otherhand, proponents exalted the benefits of MPVL overlooking the typicalanalyses. In this communication, we attempted to perform a thoroughindustrial system evaluation of the MPVL. This communication presentsa methodology to validate the industrial claims about MPVL devices andtheir economic efficiency and the insight on how geographical locationinfluences their utilization and augment their potential benefits. This taskis carried out by evaluating the extent of solar energy that can be harvestedusing solar photovoltaic system (PVSYST) software and investigatingwhether existing product claims are associated with MPVL are feasible indifferent locations. The performance and operational losses (temperature,internal network, power electronics) were evaluated. To design and assessthe performance of different configurations based on the geographicalanalogy, simulation tools were successfully carried out based on differenttopographical locations. Based on these findings, various factors affect theemployment of MPVL such as geographical and weather conditions, solarirradiation, and installation efficiency. tt is assumed that we successfullyshed light and provided insights into the complexity associated withMPVL.
The situational approach in adult education: Modeling situations using the vee diagram
Authors: Jamal Barhone  , Omar Erradi  , Maha Khaldi  , Mohamed Erradi  , Mohamed Khaldi
Published: November 2021

Much educational research has raised the effectiveness of situational teaching or training aroaches, especially for adult learners in work situations, due to their social and professional nature. The situational aroach (SAP) or situated learning (SL) to refer to the learner, stipulates that learning cannot be isolated from the context of its alications, and that knowledge is insertable from action. In this context, the situation becomes central in the acquisition of knowledge and the development of capacities and skills, which are now the aims. We therefore deduce that any design, development and implementation of e-learning training for adults is imperatively based on the modelling of the said learning situation. The objective of this article is to analyze certain models of situations and to propose a model-process more relevant with e-learning training for adults. For the sake of modelling visibility, we use a modified model of the Vee diagram from Gowing’s model.
Synthesis, characterization and photostability study of triazole derivatives
Authors: Shahad Muhammad  , Ahmed Ahmed
Published: November 2021

heterocyclic derivative contain triazole ring was synthesized and characterized the product and their structures by infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and instrumental techniques. Compound (4) was synthesized by reacting of Schiff base (3) with an three moles of alkyl halide (p-phenyl phenacyl bromide). Final product played an important role in photostabilizer of polymer (PS), and showed the activity as a photostabilizer when exposed to UV light (300 hours).
Diagnosis of ecological quality of Dohou Lake on the basis of environmental parameters and phytoplankton community, Western Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Martin Kouamé Kouamé  , Séverin Kouakou Attoungbre  , Julie Estelle Niamien Ebrottié  , Charles Koffi Boussou  , Nicole Ahou Yoboué  , Sanogo Abiba Tidou
Published: November 2021

The ecological quality of Dohou Lake in Duékoué was determined from the phytoplankton community and physico-chemical parameters. All of the stations in Dohou Lake are dominated by Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta individuals, with high monthly proportions observed during the study period. Ecological indicators such as total phosphorus, transparency and chlorophyll made it possible to assess the physico-chemical quality of the environment. Thus, mean total phosphorus values ranged from 970 to 1150 µg/L from station D7 to station D6. Minimum transparency values ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 m from station D7 to D3, and mean values ranged from 0.3 m (station D7) to 0.69 m (station D1). For chlorophyll a, mean values ranged from 3.52 µg/L to 12.98 µg/L from station D7 to station D2, with maximum values for this parameter ranging from 13.4 µg/L (station D7) to 46.73 µg/L (station D2). All of the stations on Dohou lake are therefore in an eutrophic state. The monthly variations in the different proportions of phytoplankton groups observed indicate a clear predominance of Cyanobacteria followed by Bacillariophyta. The values of the Planktonic Index (PI) indicate that the stations are in average ecological condition, except for station D7, which is in poor ecological condition. These ecological qualities are reflected by the spatial and temporal dominance of 4 functional groups which are C, LM, K, and S1.
Evaluation of anxiolytic potential of ethanol root extract and fractions of Pterocarpus mildbraedii in mice
Authors: Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka  , Raymond Chidi Okonkwo  , Malachy Ifeanyi Obi  , Jane Ugochi Chilaka  , Joseph Lanrewaju Oyindamola
Published: November 2021

To evaluate the anxiolytic potential of ethanol root extract and fractions of Pterocarpus mildbreadii in mice. Elevated-I-maze model apparatus is a straight wooden passage, divided equally (16cm each) into two enclosed areas (close arms) at both ends of the “maze” and an open area in the centre of two enclosed ends (arms). The ethylacetate fraction of Pterocarpus mildbraedii showed significant increase (p<0.05) in number of unprotected head dips (uHDIPS) when compared to control group but there was no significant difference when compared with other group. The butanol fraction of Pterocarpus mildbraedii showed significant increase in number of unprotected head dips (uHDIPS) at higher dose of 200mg/kg when compared to control group (p<0.05), there was no significant difference when compared with diazepam, crude extract, n-hexane, increased dose of butanol fraction (200mg/kg) there was increased significant difference. The crude extract of Pterocarpus mildbreadii showed significant increase in number of unprotected head dips (uHDIPs) at the dose of 100mg/kg, it also showed same significant increase in number of unprotected head dips with ethylacetate fraction at the dose of 200mg/kg. Ethylacetate fraction of Pterocarpus mildbreadii (200mg/kg) showed significant increase in number of unprotected head dips when compared with the crude extract at the dose of 100mg/kg (p<0.05).Diazepam (2mg/kg) showed significant increase in number of unprotected head dips when compared with the control group. Ethylacetate fraction of Pterocarpus mildbreadii (100mg/kg) showed significant increase (p<0.05) in number of protected head dips when compared with the control group. Increased dose of ethylacetate fraction of Pterocarpus mildbraedii (200mg/kg) showed significant increase (p<0.05) in number of protected head dipping when compared with the control group. The oral administration of ethylacetate fraction (100mg/kg) and 200mg/kg) to mice showed anti-anxiety effects indicated by increase in number of unprotected head dips and decrease in number of unprotected head dips.. Experimental evidence obtained in the laboratory test model could provide a rational for the traditional use of this plant. The plant can be further screened to evaluate and elucidate the mechanism of action and possibly isolate the active principle.
Opuntia ficus-indica the key plant in climate change: characteristics, cultivation and uses
Authors: Domenico Prisa
Published: November 2021

The Opuntia genus, belonging to the Cactaceae family, has about 300 species, of which Opuntia ficus indica, or Prickly Pear, is considered the best known and most significant. Opuntia ficus indica have been used in Mexico and Latin America since pre-hispanic times as a food and medicinal resource. In recent years, prickly pear cultivation has increased mainly because this plant used for food, medicinal and livestock purposes is able to withstand extreme drought conditions in relatively poor soils. The fruits of the prickly pear are of various colours such as yellow, orange, purple and white, and when ripe their sweet pulp is characterised by a low acidity. It possesses numerous nutritional and therapeutic virtues such as richness in carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and considerable antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer fruit activity. Opuntia also has laxative properties due to its soluble fibres and mucilage. The infusion of the harvested and dried flowers has a depurative effect; it has a mild, gentle diuretic and relaxing action on the renal excretory system. Opuntias are also exploited as an alternative and cheap source of source of food for animals and as an ornamental plant. Opuntia ficus indica is grown in subtropical, tropical and warm-temperature areas; it is mainly cultivated in Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. The Prickly Pear finds a particularly favourable habitat in Sardinia, Calabria, Apulia and Sicily, where it is also cultivated, as well as in Spain and North Africa, for the exploitation of its edible fruit, with its delicately sweet pulp, rich in minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin C. In this review, the characteristics, cultivation methods, main uses of the plant and fruits, market and adversities of Opuntia ficus indica are described.
Assessment of adoption potential for smallholder conservation agriculture in Pandamatenga vertisols of northern Botswana
Authors: Kapweke Kandondi  , Davis Samzala Marumo  , Benedict Kayombo  , Thembeka Mpuisang
Published: November 2021

The adoption of conservation agriculture among small-scale farmers is still low despite the proven economic and environmental benefits of the technology. This study was conducted at Pandamatenga of Chobe District in northern Botswana. The main aim of the study was to determine the factors that influence the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in the study area. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of the socio- economic and demographic characteristics of the sampled smallholder rainfed farmers. The socio - economic characteristics of the smallholder rainfed farmers included land holding size (ha), labour availability, livestock possession, education level, and farming experience. Demographic characteristics considered in the study included smallholder rainfed farmers’ age, marital status, gender, and average number of family members in the household. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model. The results have shown that gender and farm size had a significant influence on smallholder rainfed farmers’ decision to adopt CA technologies in Pandamatenga. Smallholder rainfed farmers had a positive perception and a high level of acceptance of CA technologies that were tried in their area.
Allergic reactions to macrolide antibiotics in a 15-year-old population
Authors: Kanita Perić
Published: November 2021

Macrolides are antibiotics that can be used to treat various infections. Allergic reactions to macrolides are rare, but may include minor to severe skin reactions, as well as systemic life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur in any mode of administration and to almost all antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there are reactions to macrolides in the study population, and to determine statistically significant differences in the occurrence of allergic reactions to macrolides between boys and girls of the same age and whether there are differences in the occurrence of allergic reactions between respondents in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 1605 respondents, the sample was randomly selected and stratified by sex, and all data were processed in the statistical program. The results of the research show that 9.1% of the total population of boys and girls aged 15 from the Tuzla Canton are allergic to some type of antibiotic. The percentage of allergic reactions in the total population of 15-year-olds from suburban settlements is slightly higher than among peers in urban areas, but the differences are not statistically significant. A higher rate of allergic reactions was recorded in the group of boys from urban and rural areas. Macrolide allergies were found only in a group of boys in rural areas. This study confirmed that allergies to macrolides are rare and revealed differences in the occurrence of allergic reactions between girls and boys.
Analysis of leaf phenotypic diversity of some Hevea Accessions/clones conserved at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Ekona, Cameroon
Authors: Njukeng Jetro Nkengafac  , Ndille Claurence Nkumbe
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to estimate leaf morphological diversity of some accessions/clones from IRRDB 1981 Hevea germplasm collection conserved at IRAD Ekona, to determine the importance of leaf morphological descriptors in differentiating accessions/clones. A total of 36 clones/ accessions were characterized using 6 leaf morphological descriptors. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the leaf morphological parameters for the studied clones. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that all leaf descriptors were informative and contributed significantly to the variation. The first 2 Principal Component scores (PCs) accounted for 88% of the total variation. The cluster analysis based on significant PCs grouped all accessions and clones in to 6 main clusters at the distance of 1.5. This study permits the characterization of Hevea accessions and clones in to diverse groups using leaf morphological descriptors; hence this will be advantageous for production of diverse genotypes during breeding programs to broaden the Hevea gene pool.
Life satisfaction and psychological wellbeing among young adults
Authors: Iram Fatima  , Muhammad Waqar Naeem  , Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Raza
Published: November 2021

Life satisfaction is required for positive mental health and positive mental health is related to psychological wellbeing. The study intended to evaluate the relation between psychological wellbeing (purpose of life, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and positive relations) and life satisfaction among young adults. Purposive sample technique was used to get the sample. Young adults (N = 200) from different educational organization of Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were included in the research as sample. Demographic form, satisfaction with life scale and psychological-wellbeing scale were administered to assess the level of psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction of young adults. For statistical analysis, independent t-test, regression, and correlation were performed. Results showed that life satisfaction is positively linked with psychological health. Positive relations and self-acceptance is greater predictor of purpose in life. Females were found having more life satisfaction and psychological health.
Impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms: Moderating role of coping strategies
Authors: Iram Fatima  , Masood Nadeem  , Muhammad Waqar Naeem  , Hafiz Muhammad Zeeshan Raza
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, to check the moderating effect of coping strategies. Purposive sample technique was used to get the relevant sample. MDCAT failures (N = 149) from different educational organization of Bahawalpur (Pakistan) were included in the research as sample. Demographic form, Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Life Orientation Test and Coping Styles Scale were administered to assess the impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms among MDCAT failures and to assess the moderating role of coping strategies. For statistical analysis PLS and SPSS software were used. PLS algorithm, PLS bootstrapping, PLS moderation analysis and independent sample t-test were used to get the results. Results reveal that there is a significant impact of MDCAT scores on pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Also, there is significant positive relationship among pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Problem focused coping significantly moderate the relationship between MDCAT scores and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, problem focused coping has significant negative relationship with pessimism, depressive and loneliness symptoms. Moreover, emotion focused coping has significant positive relationship with depressive symptoms. Female were found having more emotion focused coping. The findings of the study have practical implications in providing insight relevant for development of psychological disturbance in MDCAT failures.
Hydrocephalus Surgery in Touba City (Senegal): 0% infection Preliminary study about 20 cases
Authors: Wague Daouda  , CISSE Mouhamet Abdoulaye  , Sarr Ndeye Ndoumbe  , Thioub Mbaye  , Mbaye Maguette  , Gaye Maguatte  , Thiam Alioune Badara
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Infection is the most common complication encountered after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The AIMS of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with protocol in the prevention of post-operative infections after ventriculoperitoneal shunt in our city. Patients and methods: We retrospectively study 20 hydrocephalus cases in one year. They were operated through the classic VP Shunt insertion technique and with the protocol adopted for shunt implantation. They received antibiotic therapy for ten days. Results: In one year we operated 95 patients,20 (21%) cases were hydrocephalus. There were 7 males et 13 females (ratio:0,53) . The age of patients ranged from 15 days to 12 years and the average age was 13,5 months. The average consultation time was 5,6 weeks. Clinically the most common sign were anterior fontanelle tense (100%) , macrocrania (60%) ,vomiting (80%) and sunset eye sign (80%) . Brain CT-scan was performed in all patient,66% of patients had Transfontanelle Ultrasonography and anyone hadn’t performed MRI. All cases underwent surgical treatment. only ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed and the standard technique protocol to minimize infection was done during surgery. All of them received ceftriaxone 100mg/kg/day for five days then oral relay by thiamphenicol 50mg/Kg/day for five days. The follow up was good no infection was found (0%). Conclusion: Establishing an aseptic protocol for the shunt is essential to reduce the rate of postoperative infections. This result becomes better when we make a combination of antibiotic therapy and protocol. We can achieve infection rates to zero or less than 1% in case of association
Composition and Pattern of Vegetation Distribution at the Tree Level in the Forest Area of Sorong Nature Tourism Park
Authors: Ponisri Ponisri , Saeni Fajrianto , Nanlohy Lona H.
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the species composition, frequency, density, dominance, important value index (INP) and the distribution of tree species. The method used in this research is the Line Transect Plot Method. The total area of the sample plots is 1 ha (10.000 m2) with a total of 25 sample plots, which are placed purposively at the study site. Observational data were analyzed according to the parameters and described qualitatively and quantitatively and presented in the form of tabulations and pictures. The composition of vegetation types in the Sorong Nature Tourism Park forest contains 50 plant species, namely 30 known families and 3 plant species not yet traded, scientific and family names. The number of tree levels is 36 species with the largest density value (K) for resak (Vatica papuana) and guava (Syzygium, sp ) which is 29.81/ha with a Relative Density (KR) of 15.897% with the smallest density value (K). 0.962/ha, and the value of relative density (KR) was 0.5128%, respectively. The largest frequency (F) value is found in guava with a value of 0.731, relative frequency (FR) of 13.19%, and the lowest value of frequency (F) is 0.038 %, the smallest relative frequency (FR) is 0.694%. With the largest dominance value (C) in resak plants of 2,561 and relative dominance of 15.95%, while the lowest dominance was 0.033 and relative dominance was 0.208%. Where the highest Importance Value Index (INP) is on the guava tree at 43.117 and the lowest Important Value Index (INP) is in the Trichadenia tree, sp 1.3964. The distribution pattern at the tree level is based on the morista index, which is spread in groups or in clusters.Keywords: Composition, Vegetation, Nature Park
Determining of The Onset Early Local Rainy and Dry seasons in Tea Plantation
Authors: Hukom Zakarias Frans Mores
Published: November 2021

Efforts to increase the productivity and quality of tea shoots are strongly influenced by local climatic and weather conditions at each plantation location.  The existence of climate change globally causes climate change fluctuations and weather elements in almost all tea plantation locations in the world from year to year. Determination of the local climate at each tea plantation location is important in establishing a stable and sustainable production management program and the quality of tea shoots. The weather parameters used for the determination of the start of the local rainy season (AMH) and the start of the dry season (AMK) at the tea plantation location in Tritis hamlet are the amount of rainfall and basic rainy days determined by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG).  Rainfall data and local dasarian days of rain for a period of one year were analyzed using subjective descriptive methods involving graphical analysis and spatial analysis. The results showed that the beginning of the rainy season (AMH) in Tritis tea plantation was included in scenario 4 where AMH occurred in October 3 with the amount of rainfall ˃ 50 mm and the number of rainy days ˃ 6 days while the beginning of the dry season occurred in May 2 with the amount of rainfall ˂ 50 mm and the number of rainy days ˂ 6 days.Key words:  AMH, AMK, Rainfall, Dasarian, Rainy Day, and Tea Plantation.
Effect of Biological Fertilizer and Chemical Fungicide on Fusarium Wilt Disease, Growth and Yield on Onion (Allium ascaloncum L)
Authors: Syarifudin Rafit , Kalay A.Marthin , Uruilal Costanza
Published: November 2021

Onion (Allium Ascalonicum L) are one of the leading horticultural commodities that have economic value. In cultivation, Fusarium wilt disease is often damaged caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This study aimed to examine the effect of biofertilizer application on fusarium wilt disease, growth and yield of onion. The treatments tested were Bion-up biofertilizer, KIBRT, Biostimulant, Azoto-Tricho, anthracol fungicide, and without biological fertilizer as a control. Using a randomized block design with three replications. Observation variables were the incidence of fusarium wilt disease, plant height, number and weight of tubers. The results showed that the application of biofertilizers (Bion up, KIBRT, Biostimulants and Azoto-Tricho) was effective in increasing plant height, number of bulbs, and bulb weight of onion bulbs, while controlling the development of fusarium wilt disease was more effective when using Bion up, KIBRT, and Azoto-Tricho.Keywords: Biofertilizer, Antracol, Shallots, Fusarium oxysporum
Effectiveness Test of Trichoderma harzianum on The Development of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum musae) of Ambon Banana
Authors: Tayala Yusuf , Rumahlewang Wilhemina , Talahaturuson Abraham
Published: November 2021

The decrease in the quality of bananas can be caused by the attack of the pathogen Colletotrichum musae which causes anthracnose disease. The use of the antagonist fungus Trichoderma harzianum can be relied upon to control this disease. This study aimed to obtain a more effective level of T. harzianum spore density to suppress the development of anthracnose disease in Ambon bananas. The treatment tested was T. harzianum with five levels of spore density, namely 105, 106, 107,108, and 109 spore/mL, designed using a completely randomized design with five replications. The variables observed were the incubation period and the intensity of the disease. The results showed that the spore density of 109 was effective in suppressing the development of anthracnose disease by inhibiting the incubation period to 3.85 days and suppressing the intensity of the disease to 41.4%.Keywords: Banana, Trichoderma harzianum, Anthracnose, Colletotrichum musae
The Effect of Various Treatment of Bio Boost Fertilizer On The Growth and Yield of Melon (Cucumis melo. L)
Authors: Sangadji Zulkarnain , Fajeriana Nurul , Ali Akhmad
Published: November 2021

Bio boost is a biological fertilizer containing superior soil microorganisms, useful for increasing soil fertility as a result of soil biochemical processes. Bio boost biofertilizer contains Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Cytophaga sp. One of the applications of organic cultivation is the use of biological fertilizers in the cultivation of melons. Melon is a horticultural commodity that has a fairly high economic value and is profitable to be cultivated as a source of farmers' income. This research was conducted in Jamaimo Village, Mariat District, Sorong Regency from July to November 2020. This study used a single factor with a randomized block design consisting of 4 levels of treatment. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that 16 experimental units were obtained. The concentration of Bio boost treatment is as follows: P1 = Treatment with a concentration of 500 ml bio boost + 1000 ml water; P2 = Treatment with a concentration of 700 ml bio boost + 800 ml water; P3 = Treatment with a concentration of 900 ml bio boost + 600 ml water; P4 = Treatment with a concentration of 1100 ml bio boost + 400 ml water. The results of the study found that the application of bioboost with various concentrations affected the length of the vine, the number of leaves, the weight of the fruit and the fruit diameter of the melon plant. Treatment with a concentration of 1100 ml bioboost + 400 ml water (P4) can increase the length of the tendrils up to 108.34 cm, the number of leaves 42.75, fruit weight 1.61 kg, and melon diameter 17.56 cm.Keywords: Organic_fertiliser; Bioboost; Melon
The Effect of Composting Campus Litter Granules and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Improvement of Soil Physical Properties and Corn Yield (Zea mays L.) In Inceptisol
Authors: La Habi Maimuna , Kalay A.Marthin
Published: November 2021

The addition of organic matter is done to overcome the problems that occur in acid soils such as inceptisols. The aim of the research was to develop organic fertilizer enriched in granular form from campus litter compost to improve soil physical properties and maize yield in Inceptisols. The treatments consisted of: no fertilizer (KGSK1), 8 t ha-1 granule compost (KGSK2), inorganic fertilizer (Urea, SP-36, and KCl) recommended dose (KGSK3), inorganic fertilizer + 8 t ha- granule compost (KGSK4 ), x dose of inorganic fertilizer + compost granule (8 t ha-1) (KGSK5), 2 times dose of inorganic fertilizer + compost granule 8 t ha-1 (KGSK6), x dose of inorganic fertilizer + compost granule 12 t ha- 1 (KGSK7) and 2 times the dose of inorganic fertilizer + compost 4 t ha (KGSK8). The study was designed using a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study found that the provision of enriched campus litter granules, either applied singly or in combination with inorganic fertilizers, had a significant effect on improving soil physical properties, namely soil volume weight, soil specific gravity, soil porosity, fast drainage pores, slow drainage pores, water pores. available, and unavailable pore water were 0.90 g cm-3, 2.30 g cm-3, 7.77%, 23.54%, 8.83%, 11.62%, and 249.17%, and the yield of dry shelled corn was 7.85 tons ha- 1.Keywords: Granular compost, Corn, Inceptisol, inorganic fertilizer
AGRESSIVIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA E A INFORMATIVIDADE DOS LUCROS
Authors: Martinez Antonio Lopo , Duarte Eduardo Augusto Viana
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo investiga a associação entre a agressividade tributária e a informatividade dos lucros, está compreendida como a capacidade do lucro influenciar no preço da ação no mercado brasileiro. Metodologicamente, foram feitos testes utilizando um modelo de regressão preço-lucro, que mensura a informatividade dos lucros através do ERC (coeficiente de resposta dos lucros) de 2005 a 2016 com um total de 1879 observações. Resultados indicam que empresas mais agressivas tributariamente, medidas pelo ETR (taxa efetiva de tributação), apresentam ERC negativos ou mais baixos e empresas menos agressivas apresentaram ERC positivos ou mais altos. Essa pesquisa tem como contribuição, evidenciar um tipo de custo não tributário associado com a agressividade fiscal, materializado em menor informatividade dos lucros, sendo esta uma dimensão da qualidade dos lucros. Esses achados são relevantes para usuários externos, deixando explicito que quando uma empresa adota uma postura que desvia da padrão normal de agressividade tributária, isso afeta diretamente o grau de informatividade dos lucros no Brasil.
ANÁLISE INSTITUCIONAL DA INFLUÊNCIA DO FMI SOBRE A CONVERGÊNCIA ÀS IPSAS PELO BRASIL
Authors: Raad Luiza , Santos Tiago Mota dos , Vieira Eduardo Tadeu , Niyama Jorge Katsumi
Published: November 2021

A New Institucional Sociology traz à luz a pressão externa que as instituições sofrem, como isso as influencia e também como a busca por legitimação pode levar os agentes internos a se afastarem da decisão racional. Esta abordagem elucida o processo de isomorfismo; destaca-se o coercitivo que seria originado de pressões formais exercidas por organizações com influência política sobre a outra. Procuramos responder qual foi a influência do FMI no Brasil para a adoção das IPSAS, dado que há possibilidade de o Brasil retornar à posição de devedor no Fundo. Verificou-se que na ótica do regulador o FMI não exerce nenhuma pressão, formal, para a convergência, entretanto, há uma pressão coercitiva informal para que o Brasil adotasse o regime de competência e as IPSAS como um todo.
IMPACTO DA FACILITAÇÃO DE COMÉRCIO NO MERCOSUL EM COMPARAÇÃO À UNIÃO EUROPEIA: UMA ANÁLISE ATRAVÉS DO MODELO GRAVITACIONAL
Authors: Larruscaim Igor de Menezes , CORONEL DANIEL ARRUDA , Feistel Paulo Ricardo , Freitas Clailton Ataides de
Published: November 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o grau de facilitação do comércio e sua relação com o padrão de comércio dos países do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) em relação aos países da União Europeia. A facilitação do comércio envolve fatores como características do ambiente institucional interno, nível de burocracia existente no comércio internacional, que podem implicar em redução dos custos dessas transações. O procedimento metodológico envolveu o uso de estatística multivariada para a construção de índices de facilitação do comércio através da análise fatorial e o uso da estimação em dados em painel através do modelo gravitacional para analisar o impacto desses índices sobre o comércio bilateral dos blocos. Os resultados indicaram impacto positivo da melhoria desses índices sobre o fluxo de comércio dos países, melhorias nos procedimentos alfandegários e processos burocráticos internos.
IMPACTO ECONÔMICO DE EVENTOS: O GASTO DIRETO DOS TURISTAS EM PEQUENO DESTINO DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO
Authors: Garcia Rita Maria de Paula , Mesquita Roberto de Barros , Marchetto Ana Caroline Mocelin , Freire Emanuela Levorato
Published: November 2021

Os eventos funcionam como instrumentos de expansão do potencial turístico e redutor dos efeitos da sazonalidade em comunidades receptoras. No município de Nova Xavantina, eventos do tipo rodeio são incentivados por investimentos públicos e privados como proposta de entretenimento à comunidade e indução do fluxo de visitantes e turistas. O artigo objetiva estimar o impacto econômico proveniente do gasto direto dos turistas frequentadores do evento, nos anos de 2018 e 2019. Empregou-se uma análise de impacto econômico com pesquisa de gastos com visitantes, conforme a taxonomia proposta por Stynes (1997, 1999). A investigação se classifica como descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. Identificou-se que o principal impacto foi causado pelos turistas que ficaram alojados nas casas de amigos e parentes, ou seja, gerando impactos significativamente menores no setor hoteleiro e nos atrativos turísticos.
Bad Bank is Actually a Good Idea
Authors: S Prasanth , S Sudhamathi
Published: November 2021

This article demonstrates the effect of bad loans in India which was developed recently by the Indian Finance Minister. Bad banks operate like a concept in the domestic debt sector where the amount of domestic debt is high and even the market has enough scale to bear enough price-discovery and market-making. there was a proposal made to the government, to merge the NPA portfolio with a new establishment known as an Asset Rehabilitation Corporation (ARC), that would purchase the principal of the Non-performing Assets (NPA) portfolio at a book valuation (not market value) and these accounts would be taken over by the new company to manage the portfolio of the new command (which will be established with a capital of Rs 10,000 crore). The government says that it is intervening to mitigate potential damages that the banks could suffer as a result of the provisioning for non-performing assets and recapitalisation that the government (as a majority investor of most PSBs) may be required to invest on. With the forthcoming Union budget’s planning an outpouring of clamour and market demand is being felt to set up a ‘poor bank’ to sweep bad debts.
Employee Transfer, Work Motivation and Employee Performance
Authors: Muhammad AlkiromWildan , Muhammad AlkiromWildan
Published: November 2021

This study was pointed to decide: employees’ transfer, work inspiration, performance, the impact of representatives transfer on the performance; work inspiration towards the performance; workers transfer and work inspiration towards the employees’ performance of BPK Representative of JawaTimur Province. This investigate employments quantitative approach with clear affiliated inquire about. The information examination method utilized in this considers is path analysis. The comes about of this ponder demonstrate that: recognition of workers transfers in BPK Representative of JawaTimur province is moo, the work inspiration of representatives is exceptionally sufficient, the performance is sufficient, workers transfer isn’t noteworthy to workers performance. The conclusion from this study is that employees’ exchange doesn’t have noteworthy impact on employees’ performance somewhat. Work inspiration has positive and noteworthy impact on employees’ performance. Workers exchange and work inspiration together have a critical commitment on representatives performance.
A Study on Consumer Inertia towards E-Wallet usage at Patan City
Authors: Anand Patel , Anand Patel , Anand Pate
Published: November 2021

Demonetization effect, Government promotion, Merchant acceptance, Effect of COVID-19, availability of internet and smart phones etc. are in favour of adoption of E-wallet in market as payment alternative but still Consumer inertia towards use of E-wallet prevails in India. In spite of many advantages to use E-wallet over traditional payment system, Consumers having hesitation due to concerned factors associated with it. Perceived Risk associated with E-wallet usages are safety, privacy, digital literacy, language, cost, fraud etc. makes impact on intention to use and consumer adoption behaviour. Research aims to examine the major factors concern for consumer’s inertia to use of E-wallet. It is an attempt to find out reasons of adoption and impact of demographic variable on concern factors with statistical analysis using SPSS.