bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Kapang Aspergillus Sp pada Terasi dalam Kemasan Tanpa Merek di Pasar Tradisional Kota Samarinda
Authors: Fitria Fitria , Suhartini Suhartini , Prihandono Dwi Setiyo
Published: February 2023

Abstrak
Terasi merupakan bahan makanan hasil fermentasi hewani. Dalam fermentasi terasi terdapat mikroorganisme yang berperan penting pada prosesnya yakni bakteri Lactobacillus sp dan bakteri mesofil. Terasi dapat disimpan selama berbulan-bulan, tetapi kemasan terasi yang tidak diperhatikan tempat penyimpanannya bisa mengakibatkan terasi terkontaminasi oleh kapang. Kontaminasi terasi oleh kapang disebabkan karena terasi mengandung nutrisi, protein, vitamin dan mineral. Selain itu, terasi yang disimpan pada suhu dan kelembapan yang rendah dapat menyebabkan suburnya pertumbuhan kapang. Kapang Aspergillus sp dapat menyebabkan penyakit Aspergillosis pada manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kapang  Aspergillus sp yang terdapat pada terasi dalam kemasan tanpa merek di pasar tradisional Kota Samarinda. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan sampel yang digunakan adalah terasi dalam kemasan tanpa merek dengan jumlah 24 sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan univariat. Hasil penelitian terasi dalam kemasan tanpa merek ditemukan Aspergillus sp sebanyak 11 (46%) jenis Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, dan Aspergillus fumigatus.
Kata kunci: aspergillus sp, kapang, terasi
 
Abstract
The shrimp paste is a fermented animal food ingredient. In shrimp paste fermentation there are microorganisms that play an important role in the process, namely Lactobacillus sp and mesophyll bacteria. The shrimp paste can be stored for months, but the shrimp paste packaging that is not properly stored can cause the shrimp paste to be contaminated by mold. Contamination of shrimp paste by mold is caused because shrimp paste contains nutrients, protein, vitamins and minerals. In addition, shrimp paste stored in low temperatures and humidity can lead to fertile mold growth. Aspergillus sp. can cause Aspergillosis in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the Aspergillus sp fungus found in unbranded shrimp paste in the traditional market of Samarinda. This research is descriptive and the sample used is unbranded shrimp paste with a total of 24 samples using a total sampling technique. Data analysis technique using univariate. The research found 11 (46%) Aspergillus sp species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus in unbranded shrimp paste.
Keywords: aspergillus sp, mold, shrimp paste
Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) untuk Menunjang Pelayanan di Desa Klangon, Madiun
Authors: Millah Nashrul , Miswanto Miswanto , Alfiniyah Cicik
Published: February 2023

The quality of village services provided to the community can be raised with the implementation of an effective information system. Klangon Village, Saradan District, Madiun Regency, is the program's partner. Due to a lack of information system management skills, the Village Information System has not been implemented in an ideal manner.An alternative solution offered is to provide training and assistance to local government staff in Klangon village to develop and manage Information Systems. The process starts with a partner survey to identify the underlying causes of the issue at hand, followed by training, mentorship, and program evaluation. The outcomes of this civic engagement project include the creation of a website serving as the village's information system and an improvement in the village of Klangon's capacity to maintain it.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY BY USING SYSTEMS THINKING APPROACH
Authors: Kasim Kasim , Deksino George Royke
Published: February 2023

The independence of the national defense industry is crucial in supporting the national defense system to ensure the survival and existence of the nation and state through its impact on defense capability, and national economic, and technological development. But until now there are still phenomena that show the weaknesses of the national defense industry, both in concept and practice. This study aims to explain and analyze the weaknesses of the national defense industry and propose recommendations for solutions to overcome these problems. This study uses a qualitative approach, a methodology that involves interpretation to understand and explain certain phenomena. The analytical tool used is systems thinking, which can see this phenomenon in a bigger, dynamic, and interrelated picture through a system model. The results of this study indicate that the problem we are facing includes a small defense industry’s budget, lacking resources and technology, the need for raw materials, and pseudo-practices by the domestic defense industry. The proposed solution system model demonstrates how to develop the national defense industry by implementing the mandate of (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2012 Concerning the Defense Industry), introducing defense product innovation through national and international defense industry exhibitions to increase investment opportunities, and implementing (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation) to involve private industry in the development of a strategic defense industry. Finally, the independence of the national defense industry will realize operational readiness into real operational capabilities, so that the independence of national defense will be achieved and the integrity of the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia will be maintained. This condition will immediately build the spirit of nationalism of Indonesian citizens. 
THE USE OF THE KANSEI ENGINEERING METHOD IN THE DESIGN OF THE MULTIVARIANCE MOUNT WEAPON WIRELESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Suprayitno Prayit , Panjaitan Marsono , Ain Khusnul , Yasin Moh.
Published: February 2023

The Frogman Forces Command or Kopaska (Komando Pasukan Katak) is one of the special forces owned by the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL). Kopaska unit often carries out covert operations such as Amphibious Operations, Special Operations, and other supports to expedite Indonesian Navy operations. To support the implementation of these tasks, the Kopaska unit needs to be equipped with special equipment to carry out operational tasks. Currently, the Kopaska unit does not yet have a weapon mount that can be controlled remotely. This study proposes a multivariance weapon wireless system control that is designed to be used remotely by using a mobile application through the internet. A Multivariance Mount Weapon Wireless System Control was designed using the Kansei Engineering method to provide alternative tools to support Kopaska tasks more effectively and efficiently and be able to minimize material and personnel losses. The average value of the level of user satisfaction with the tool design has reached a fairly good position, namely 3.17 from the initial value of 1.36 (scale 1 to 4), so this new product is ready as an alternative to be produced. 
Infecção cruzada: conhecimento da equipe enfermagem atuante em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Silva Kewellyn Ferreira da , Aquino Alessandra Guimarães , Silva Noedja Kelly Lauriano Gomes da , Jatobá Joana D’Arc Vila Nova Jatobá , Ferreira e Pereira Emanuela Batista , Silva Fernanda da Mata Vasconcelos
Published: February 2023

Introdução: As infecções relacionadas a assistência à saúde (IRAS) representam um grande obstáculo à recuperação da saúde de pacientes críticos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e sua magnitude pode resultar em prolongamento da internação, sequelas incapacitantes e óbito. A principal forma de combate à infecção cruzada remete às condutas da equipe multiprofissional no âmbito hospitalar. A lavagem das mãos foi eleita a medida mais simples e de maior importância no controle das infecções hospitalares, infecções cruzadas e comunitárias, por representar uma atividade de fácil execução e baixo custo econômico. Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas sobre o conhecimento da enfermagem em infecção cruzada na UTI neonatal. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em junho de 2021 através do cruzamento dos descritores nas bases da Lilacs, DOAJ, Medline e BDEnf. Resultados: Dos 282 artigos encontrados, seis responderam a pergunta condutora e foram selecionados para amostra. Os estudos evidenciaram que a equipe de enfermagem possui grande conhecimento sobre os fatores que facilitam a prevenção e controle das infecções hospitalares, principalmente das infecções cruzadas em UTI, sendo a técnica principal, a higienização das mãos. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos desvelam que os profissionais de saúde conhecem os mecanismos para prevenção, mas não o colocam em prática.
Evolução do estadiamento de lesões por pressão de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Sousa Valéria Rodrigues de , Xavier Saulo Bezerra , Lacerda Lusineide Carmo Andrade de , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Teles Roxana Braga de Andrade , Mola Rachel
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Descrever a evolução do estadiamento de lesões por pressão em pacientes internados em uma unidade terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado em hospital universitário. Foram incluídos pacientes que desenvolveram lesões no período de outubro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, com dados obtidos dos prontuários e protocolos preventivos de lesões por pressão. Resultados: Dos 126 participantes, prevaleceram homens, com idade economicamente ativa, média de 18,8 dias internados, hipótese diagnóstica de origem clínica, e alta para outro setor como desfecho. A maioria seguia o protocolo preventivo instituído. Observou-se risco alto e moderado para desenvolver lesões pela Escala de Braden, cujos parâmetros evidenciaram escores contribuintes para seu surgimento, destacando-se a fricção/cisalhamento, presente em toda amostra. Conclusão: As regiões calcânea e sacra foram mais acometidas, e referentes ao estágio 2. O tempo médio para o surgimento das mesmas variou em todos os estágios dependendo da região corporal. A região sacra predominou com relação à evolução em todos os estágios, no entanto do estágio 2 para o 3 levou maior tempo. Delinear a evolução do estadiamento é uma medida essencial na prevenção do surgimento e/ou agravamento de lesões por pressão na prática assistencial ao paciente crítico.
Evidências acerca da visita familiar ampliada em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto
Authors: Gomes Iago Vieira , Gouveia Neto José Rocha Gouveia Neto , Gonçalves Nataly da Silva , Souza Maurício Caxias de , Martins Douglas Silva , Leal Natália Pessoa da Rocha
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas acerca da visita familiar ampliada nas unidades de terapia intensiva adulto. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada em julho de 2021. Utilizaram-se os descritores “terapia intensiva”, “humanização” e “visitas a pacientes”. Distribuídos na Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; disponíveis nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol, entre 2016 e julho de 2021, obtendo um total de nove artigos viáveis que se adequaram ao objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados: Diante da análise dos estudos encontrados, identificou-se que a visita ampliada nas unidades de terapia intensiva reduziu fatores de ansiedade e estresse por parte dos familiares, sem que houvesse aumento dos índices de infecção; porém não obteve impacto significativo em eventos como o delirium. Conclusão: A presença de familiares na unidade de terapia intensiva permite uma evolução na condição psicossocial, na redução de estresse e ansiedade frente a doença. No entanto, os benefícios para a condição clínica são poucos, sendo necessários mais estudos que observem o fenômeno.
EVOLUÇÃO DO ENSINO E PESQUISA AGROFLORESTAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Miranda Izildinha Souza , Rayol Breno Pinto
Published: February 2023

Acompanhar a forma de como o ensino e a pesquisa agroflorestal vem se desenvolvendo é fundamental para subsidiar tomadas de decisão e formulação de políticas públicas para a formação de recursos humanos no Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a avaliar a evolução do ensino e pesquisa agroflorestal no Brasil. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado em Plataformas Digitais, quando possível, existentes na Rede de Computadores (ou World Wide Web). Observa-se um significativo crescimento do ensino e pesquisa agroflorestal em todas as regiões brasileiras. No ensino, destaca-se o papel dos Institutos Federais e universidades públicas, bem como o aumento de disciplinas e de cursos com foco mais sistêmico ofertados na graduação e pós-graduação. Na pesquisa, destaca-se a forte internacionalização dos artigos publicados. A desigualdade regional e intrarregional é bem percebida tanto no ensino quanto na pesquisa agroflorestal brasileira.
CASAS DE SEMENTES COMUNITÁRIAS NO SEMIÁRIDO CEARENSE
Authors: Azevedo Lídia , Gamarra Rojas Guillermo , Xavier Lima Filipe Augusto , Fernandes Gabriel Bianconi , Carvalho Maria Glória , Oliveira Aécio Alves de
Published: February 2023

As variedades crioulas se constituem no estoque da diversidade genética e vêm sendo manejadas ao longo dos anos em diferentes regiões por agricultores familiares. Sua conservação é feita por meio das Casas de Sementes Comunitárias (CSCs). O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o contexto da conservação de sementes crioulas no estado do Ceará e sua importância para a manutenção da agrobiodiversidade, assim como evidenciar problemáticas e avanços no contexto das CSCs e políticas e projetos voltados à conservação. Em termos metodológicos, foram aplicadas as técnicas de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. O cultivo de sementes crioulas e a conservação possibilitada pelas CSCs se configuram como uma forma de convivência com o Semiárido. A perda de diversidade genética decorrente das monoculturas tradicionais, o fato de não possuir terras próprias para o cultivo e a contaminação das sementes ceroulas por genótipos transgênicos e sementes híbridas, são problemáticas evidenciadas no contexto das CSCs.
DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO E ECONÔMICO DO SISTEMA AGROSSILVIPASTORIL ORGÂNICO NO CERRADO
Authors: Soares João Paulo Guimarães , Sales Pedro Canuto Macedo , Marchi Giuliano , Martins Eder de Souza , Sousa Tito Carlos Rocha Sousa , Britto Ferreira Luiz Carlos , Malaquias Juaci Vitória
Published: February 2023

O desempenho produtivo e econômico de um sistema agrossilvipastoril orgânico para recria de novilhas mestiças (HXZ) leiteiras foi avaliado em uma área de 1,1 ha em Brasília-DF, no período de três anos. O sistema foi composto por três partes (arbórea, agrícola e pastoril): uma parte arbórea (0,17 ha), com faixas de eucalipto e árvores nativas; a parte agrícola, composta pelo plantio de milho (0,18 ha), mandioca e batata doce (0,06 ha) nas entre faixas e, no perímetro externo, banana (0,02 m2); na parte pastoril (0,4 ha) foi instalada uma pastagem de braquiária (0,32 ha) e de capim elefante (0,08 ha). O volume médio de madeira (mourões), foi de 18,33 m³ ano-1. No período, foram produzidas 793 kg de cachos de banana; 3,4 e 1,3 t de mandioca e batata doce, respectivamente. A produtividade da pastagem, da silagem de milho e de capim elefante foi de 5,4, 9,5 e 9,1 t de matéria seca ha-1, respectivamente, proporcionando ganho de peso médio das novilhas de 0,66 kg dia-1. O índice benefício custo (B/C) da atividade nesse cenário foi de 4,24, de forma que o sistema é economicamente viável.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO PATRIMÔNIO BIOCULTURAL
Authors: Carriço Ingrid Gabriella da Hora , Souza Vieira Gustavo Haddad , Pedra de Abreu Karla Maria
Published: February 2023

O Brasil detém alta diversidade biológica diretamente ligada ao seu extenso patrimônio cultural, o que permite a descoberta de novas espécies, ou de novas propriedades de espécies já conhecidas. Este trabalho objetivou elaborar uma compilação das espécies de plantas alimentícias não convencionais mencionadas nos trabalhos etnobotânicos realizados em áreas de Mata Atlântica. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, foram identificadas 256 espécies de plantas comestíveis, sendo 122 nativas com domínio fitogeográfico na Mata Atlântica, e 32 endêmicas. Em face da grande biodiversidade do bioma, os grupos de pessoas estudados que interagem diretamente com ele, possuem amplo conhecimento sobre suas espécies vegetais. Assegurar o modo de vida de comunidades locais auxilia não apenas a preservação de espécies da Mata Atlântica, mas também do conhecimento associado a elas.
Zamtocabtagene Autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1): An Investigational CAR-T Cell Product with Tandem Targeting of CD19 and CD20 as a Potential Treatment Option for Patients with Relapsed/ Refractory B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Taylor Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Presenting at the European Hematology Association (EHA) 2022 Congress, Peter Borchmann from the University of Cologne, Germany, discussed a novel tandem cluster of differentiation (CD) 19 and CD20 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Borchmann presented the 2-year follow up data from DALY 1 trial, which showed that beyond a favourable safety profile, zamtocabtagene autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) led to durable complete remissions.
Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Clinical Appraisal
Authors: Galassi Andrea , Giovenzana Maria Enrica , Prolo Federico , Bellasi Antonio , Cozzolino Mario
Published: February 2023

A consistent body of evidence supports an independent association between uric acid (UA) level and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. It has been observed in experimental data that UA is capable of inducing renal damage through several pathways, including activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatment with urate lowering agents and RAAS inhibitors prevented renal insult mediated by UA in animal models. Both of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors available in clinical practice, allopurinol and febuxostat, were efficient in controlling gout flares. However, data from randomised controlled trials are still inconsistent in relation to their benefit for slowing CKD progression. This review discusses the metabolism of urates in humans as well as the experimental and clinical evidence linking UA to CKD. Current evidence about the effect of allopurinol and febuxostat on CKD progression is also considered.
Development of Drugs Targeting the PI3K Signalling Pathway in Leukaemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Arcaro Alexandre
Published: February 2023

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of signalling enzymes play a key role in the transduction of signals from activated cell surface receptors controlling cell growth and proliferation, survival, metabolism, and migration. The intracellular signalling pathway from activated receptors to PI3K and its downstream targets v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is very frequently deregulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in human cancer, including leukaemia and lymphoma. In the past decade, an arsenal of small molecule inhibitors of key enzymes in this pathway has been developed and evaluated in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials in cancer patients. These include pharmacological inhibitors of Akt, mTOR, and PI3K, some of which are approved for the treatment of leukaemia and lymphoma. The PI3K family comprises eight different catalytic isoforms in humans, which have been subdivided into three classes. Class I PI3K isoforms have been extensively studied in the context of human cancer, and the isoforms p110α and p110δ are validated drug targets. The recent approval of a p110δ-specific PI3K inhibitor (idelalisib/Zydelig®) for the treatment of selected B cell malignancies represents the first success in developing these molecules into anti-cancer drugs. In addition to PI3K inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors are intensively studied in leukaemia and lymphoma, and temsirolimus (Torisel®) is approved for the treatment of a type of lymphoma. Based on these promising results it is hoped that additional novel PI3K pathway inhibitors will in the near future be further developed into new drugs for leukaemia and lymphoma.
Paradigm Shift in the Management of Gynaecological Cancers
Authors: Sap Katelijn , Van Trappen Philippe
Published: February 2023

In this review we highlight novel aspects of diagnostic imaging in gynaecological cancers, the paradigm shift in the surgical management of certain female pelvic cancers, as well as potential new molecular targeted therapies. In the last decade, ultra-radical surgery has been shown to increase survival in advanced ovarian cancer (OVC) when extended surgical procedures are included during primary cytoreductive surgery or at interval debulking procedures after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In cervical cancer (CVC) and endometrial cancer (EMC) endoscopic (laparoscopic or robotic) operations have been shown to significantly reduce the morbidity without altering the cancer-related survival. Although the sentinel lymph node concept is already established in early-stage vulvar cancer, its diagnostic accuracy in EMC and CVC is still under debate. Novel molecular targeted therapies including blocking agents against new blood vessel formation (anti-angiogenesis) and polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors have been shown to prolong the progression-free survival in advanced OVC. Other molecular therapies, single or combined, are under investigation in OVC and EMC.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Tepung Wortel dan Tepung Jagung pada Pakan Buatan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Gambaran Darah Ikan Mas Koi (Cyprinus carpio L)
Authors: Idha Suaida Ramli Ramli , Muskita Wellem H. , Idris Muhammad , Kurnia Agus
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi tepung wortel dan tepung jagung pada pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan gambaran darah Ikan Mas Koi (Cyprinus carpio L). Penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Ikan Koi diberi pakan dengan tiga pakan formulasi dan satu  pakan komersil sebagai pakan kontrol selama 60 hari pemeliharaan. Tiga pakan formulasi mengandung 10% tepung wortel (pakan A), 10% tepung jagung (pakan B), dan 5% tepung wortel + 5% tepung jagung (pakan C), dan pakan komersil (pakan D) diberikan pada Ikan Koi sebanyak dua kali sehari dengan dosis 5% bobot tubuh. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan mutlak, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, total leukosit, dan total eritrosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan yang telah diberikan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, rasio konversi pakan, efisiensi pakan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, total leukosit dan total eritrosit. Pertumbuhan mutlak rata-rata Ikan Mas Koi berkisar antara7,40–11,63 g, rasio konversi pakan berkisar antara 4,94–7,82 g, efisiensi pakan berkisar antara 12,78-20,33 %, total leukosit berkisar antara 0,99-1,03×105sel.mm-3, total leukosit berkisar antara 6,00-9,30×105sel.mm-3. Kata kunci: Gambaran Darah, Ikan Koi, Pertumbuhan, Tepung Jagung, Tepung Wortel
Perbandingan Laju Pertumbuhan Anakan Ujung Thallus Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Eucheuma denticulatum Hasil Seleksi Klon yang Dipelihara pada Boxnet
Authors: Ariskanti Ariskanti , Rahman Abdul , Kasim Ma’ruf
Published: February 2023

Bagian anakan ujung thallus pada rumput laut merupakan bagian yang tercepat pertumbuhannya dibanding dengan bagian tengah dan bagian pangkal thallus. Seleksi klon juga merupakan metoda bertahap dalam mendapatkan populasi klon rumput laut yang memiliki pertumbuhan tercepat dan relatif seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan laju pertumbuhan hasil seleksi klon thallus K. alvarezii dan E. denticulatum  yang dipelihara dalam wadah terproteksi boxnet. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 - Januari 2020, di Perairan Pantai Lakeba, Kota Bau-Bau Sulawesi Tenggara. Menggunakan bagian ujung dari masing-masing thallus hasil seleksi klon rumput laut K. alvarezii dan E. denticulatum sebagai bibit. Berat awal masing-masing bibit jenis rumput laut tersebut adalah  20 g per rumpun yang selanjutnya dipelihara dalam boxnet selama 35 hari dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diamati yaitu laju pertumbuhan spesifik, pertumbuhan mutlak, parameter kualitas air dan hubungan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rumput laut dengan parameter kualitas lokasi perairan budidaya. Hasil penelitian mununjukan bahwa rata-rata LPS E. denticulatum 2.65%.hari-1 sedangkan K. alvarezii 1.80%.hari-1. Pertumbuhan Mutlak E. denticulatum yakni sebesar 30.89 g, sedangkan K. alvarezii 14.00 g. Parameter kualitas air yang diperoleh yakni suhu 28-30°C, salinitas 34-35 ppt, kecerahan 100%, arus 0.11-0.16 m.s-1, pH 7, nitrat 0.025-0.035 mg.l-1 dan posfat 0.007-0.017 mg.l-1. Paramater kualitas air yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik rumput laut baik pada K. alvarezii maupun pada E. denticulatum adalah suhu (X1), salinitas (X2), nitrat (X5) dan fosfat (X6). Parameter kualitas lainnya yaitu kecepatan arus (X3) dan pH (X4) keduanya tidak berpengaruh nyata.Kata Kunci : Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, seleksi klon, pertumbuhan, boxnet.
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Buah Pepaya Terfermentasi dalam Pakan Terhadap Efisiensi Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Sutama Handika , Rahman Abdul , Ruslaini Ruslaini
Published: February 2023

Pakan merupakan faktor penentu pertumbuhan dan merupakan biaya yang terbesar dalam produksi yaitu sekitar 6070%dari total biaya produksi. Namun kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam pembuatan suatu pakan adalahketersediaan bahan baku pakan yang masih relatif mahal dan kebanyakan masih di impor. Oleh karena itu diperlukanpakan alternatif yang murah, berkualitas dan mudah didapatkan untuk menekan biaya pakan. Kandungan gizi yangterdapat dalam buah papaya yang sudah lewat matang sangat berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai pakan alternatif dansumber nabati yang perlu dicoba sebagai campuran pada pakan ikan. Namun pemanfaatan buah papaya sebagai bahanpakan terkendala pada kandungan protein yang rendah. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkankandungan protein pada buah papaya adalah dengan fermentasi menggunakan khamir saccharomyces cerevisiae.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung papaya terfermentasi dalam pakan terhadappertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, efesiensi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas. Hewan uji yang digunakanadalah ikan mas berukuran 1-3 g dan dipelihara selama 40 hari. Wadah pemeliharaan yang digunakan berukukuran35×35×40 cm. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3ulangan yakni perlakuan A (Pakan buatan + 0% Tepung Pepaya Fementasi); Perlakuan B (Pakan buatan + 5% TepungPepaya Fermenyasi); Perlakuan C (Pakan buatan + 10% Tepung Pepaya Fermentasi) dan Perlakuan D (Pakan buatan+ 15 Tepung Pepaya Fermentasi). Hasil pemeliharaan menunjukkan bahwa pakan buatan dengan penambahan tepungpapaya fermentasi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, rasio konversi pakan,efesiensi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup pada pemeliharaan ikan mas. Kata Kunci : Ikan mas, Pakan, Pepaya, Fermentasi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Safety and feasibility of left atrial appendage inversion in swine: A proof-of-concept study for potential therapy to prevent embolic stroke
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Wang Mengjun , Guo Xiaomei , Han Ling , Kassab Ghassan
Published: February 2023

Objective: Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion or exclusion has been used in patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke, but the techniques and devices have shortcomings. This study aims to validate the safety and feasibility of a novel LAA inversion procedure.

Methods: LAA inversion procedures were done in six pigs. Before the procedure and at 8 weeks postoperatively, heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded. The serum concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was measured. The LAA was observed and measured by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE). At 8 weeks after LAA inversion, the animal was euthanized. The heart was collected for morphology and histology, including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining.

Results: TEE and ICE showed that LAA was inverted, and the inversion was maintained during the 8-week study duration. Food intake, body weight gain, heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, and serum ANP level were comparable before and after the procedure. Morphology and histological staining showed that there was no obvious inflammation or thrombus. Tissue remodeling and fibrosis were observed at the LAA inverted site.

Conclusion: The inversion of LAA effectively eliminates the dead space of LAA and thus may reduce the risk of embolic stroke. The novel procedure is safe and feasible, but the efficacy in reducing embolization remains to be demonstrated in future studies.
Short-term fructose feeding alters tissue metabolic pathways by modulating microRNAs expression both in young and adult rats
Authors: Petito Giuseppe , Giacco Antonia , Cioffi Federica , Mazzoli Arianna , Magnacca Nunzia , Iossa Susanna , Goglia Fernando , Senese Rosalba , Lanni Antonia
Published: February 2023

Dietary high fructose (HFrD) is known as a metabolic disruptor contributing to the development of obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Children are more sensitive to sugar than adults due to the distinct metabolic profile, therefore it is especially relevant to study the metabolic alterations induced by HFrD and the mechanisms underlying such changes in animal models of different ages. Emerging research suggests the fundamental role of epigenetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in metabolic tissue injury. In this perspective, the aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of miR-122-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-125b-5p examining the effects induced by fructose overconsumption and to evaluate whether a differential miRNA regulation exists between young and adult animals. We used young rats (30 days) and adult rats (90 days) fed on HFrD for a short period (2 weeks) as animal models. The results indicate that both young and adult rats fed on HFrD exhibit an increase in systemic oxidative stress, the establishment of an inflammatory state, and metabolic perturbations involving the relevant miRNAs and their axes. In the skeletal muscle of adult rats, HFrD impair insulin sensitivity and triglyceride accumulation affecting the miR-122-5p/PTP1B/P-IRS-1(Tyr612) axis. In liver and skeletal muscle, HFrD acts on miR-34a-5p/SIRT-1: AMPK pathway resulting in a decrease of fat oxidation and an increase in fat synthesis. In addition, liver and skeletal muscle of young and adult rats exhibit an imbalance in antioxidant enzyme. Finally, HFrD modulates miR-125b-5p expression levels in liver and white adipose tissue determining modifications in de novo lipogenesis. Therefore, miRNA modulation displays a specific tissue trend indicative of a regulatory network that contributes in targeting genes of various pathways, subsequently yielding extensive effects on cell metabolism.
The regulation of transcription elongation in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Xuepeng , Fan Yudan , Wu Qiang
Published: February 2023

Transcription elongation is a fundamental molecular process which is accurately regulated to ensure proper gene expression in cellular activities whereas its malfunction is associated with impaired cellular functions. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have significant value in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal ability and their potential to differentiate to almost all types of cells. Therefore, dissection of the exact regulatory mechanism of transcription elongation in ESCs is crucial for both basic research and their clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of transcription elongation mediated by transcription factors and epigenetic modifications in ESCs.
Structural and electronic properties of H2, CO, CH4, NO, and NH3 adsorbed onto Al12Si12 nanocages using density functional theory
Authors: Li Liu-Kun , Ma Yan-Qiu , Li Kang-Ning , Xie Wen-Li , Huang Bin
Published: February 2023

In this study, the adsorption of gases (CH4, CO, H2, NH3, and NO) onto Al12Si12 nanocages was theoretically investigated using density functional theory. For each type of gas molecule, two different adsorption sites above the Al and Si atoms on the cluster surface were explored. We performed geometry optimization on both the pure nanocage and nanocages after gas adsorption and calculated their adsorption energies and electronic properties. The geometric structure of the complexes changed slightly following gas adsorption. We show that these adsorption processes were physical ones and observed that NO adsorbed onto Al12Si12 had the strongest adsorption stability. The Eg (energy band gap) value of the Al12Si12 nanocage was 1.38 eV, indicating that it possesses semiconductor properties. The Eg values of the complexes formed after gas adsorption were all lower than that of the pure nanocage, with the NH3–Si complex showing the greatest decrease in Eg. Additionally, the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were analyzed according to Mulliken charge transfer theory. Interaction with various gases was found to remarkably decrease the Eg of the pure nanocage. The electronic properties of the nanocage were strongly affected by interaction with various gases. The Eg value of the complexes decreased due to the electron transfer between the gas molecule and the nanocage. The density of states of the gas adsorption complexes were also analyzed, and the results showed that the Eg of the complexes decreased due to changes in the 3p orbital of the Si atom. This study theoretically devised novel multifunctional nanostructures through the adsorption of various gases onto pure nanocages, and the findings indicate the promise of these structures for use in electronic devices.
Severe influenza infection is associated with inflammatory programmed cell death in infected macrophages
Authors: Ferreira André C. , Sacramento Carolina Q. , Pereira-Dutra Filipe S. , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natália , Silva Priscila P. , Mattos Mayara , de Freitas Caroline S. , Marttorelli Andressa , de Melo Gabrielle R. , Campos Mariana M. , Azevedo-Quintanilha Isaclaudia G. , Carlos Aluana S. , Emídio João Vítor , Garcia Cristiana C. , Bozza Patrícia T. , Bozza Fernando A. , Souza Thiago M. L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans, representing a major public health concern. The various types of cell death have a crucial role in IAV pathogenesis because this virus may trigger both apoptosis and necroptosis in airway epithelial cells in parallel. Macrophages play an important role in the clearance of virus particles, priming the adaptive immune response in influenza. However, the contribution of macrophage death to pathogenesis of IAV infection remains unclear.

Methods

In this work, we investigated IAV-induced macrophage death, along with potential therapeutic intervention. We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the mechanism and the contribution of macrophages death to the inflammatory response induced by IAV infection.

Results

We found that IAV or its surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) triggers inflammatory programmed cell death in human and murine macrophages in a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)- and TNF-dependent manner. Anti-TNF treatment in vivo with the clinically approved drug etanercept prevented the engagement of the necroptotic loop and mouse mortality. Etanercept impaired the IAV-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm and lung injury.

Conclusion

In summary, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop of events that led to necroptosis and exacerbated inflammation in IAV-infected macrophages. Our results highlight an additional mechanism involved in severe influenza that could be attenuated with clinically available therapies.
Perspective: The viscoelastic properties of biofilm infections and mechanical interactions with phagocytic immune cells
Authors: Wells Marilyn , Schneider Rebecca , Bhattarai Bikash , Currie Hailey , Chavez Bella , Christopher Gordon , Rumbaugh Kendra , Gordon Vernita
Published: February 2023

Biofilms are viscoelastic materials that are a prominent public health problem and a cause of most chronic bacterial infections, in large part due to their resistance to clearance by the immune system. Viscoelastic materials combine both solid-like and fluid-like mechanics, and the viscoelastic properties of biofilms are an emergent property of the intercellular cohesion characterizing the biofilm state (planktonic bacteria do not have an equivalent property). However, how the mechanical properties of biofilms are related to the recalcitrant disease that they cause, specifically to their resistance to phagocytic clearance by the immune system, remains almost entirely unstudied. We believe this is an important gap that is ripe for a large range of investigations. Here we present an overview of what is known about biofilm infections and their interactions with the immune system, biofilm mechanics and their potential relationship with phagocytosis, and we give an illustrative example of one important biofilm-pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is the most-studied in this context. We hope to inspire investment and growth in this relatively-untapped field of research, which has the potential to reveal mechanical properties of biofilms as targets for therapeutics meant to enhance the efficacy of the immune system.
Co-expression of thermophilic pectinases in a single host for cost-effective pectin bioconversion into D-galacturonic acid
Authors: Flores-Fernández Carol N. , Cárdenas-Fernández Max , Lye Gary J. , Ward John M.
Published: February 2023

Co-expression of enzymes allow to produce multiple enzymes in a single host, representing a cost-effective alternative in biocatalytic processes which can be used for pectin bioconversion. Pectin-rich biomass is an abundant by-product from the fruit and sugar industries that is usually disposed in landfill or sold as a low value feedstock. The aim of this work was to co-express a thermophilic pectin methyl esterase (PME) and exo-polygalacturonases (exo-PGs) in a single host for pectin bioconversion into D-galacturonic acid (GalA) using different pectic substrates such as apple, citrus and sugar beet pectin. To achieve this, a PME from Bacillus licheniformis (BLI09) with either an exo-PG from Thermotoga maritima (TMA01) or from Bacillus licheniformis (BLI04) were cloned in pETDuet-1 and co-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Four co-expression plasmids containing both pectinases were constructed and factors such as the effect of the genes’ cloning order and their expression were evaluated. Co-expression constructs 3 and 4 (pETDuet-TMA01-BLI09 and pETDuet-BLI04-BLI09, respectively) showed better expression of both pectinases compared to co-expression constructs 1 and 2 (pETDuet-BLI09-TMA01 and pETDuet-BLI09-BLI04, respectively). Co-expression constructs 3 and 4 were the most efficient for pectin bioconversion into GalA reaching 3 and 2.5 mM GalA, respectively from apple and citrus pectin after 4 h reaction. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the co-expression of pectinases can potentially contribute to reduce the cost associated to their production and purification as well as to increase their applicability for exploiting pectin-rich biomass to obtain bio-based chemicals.
Exaggerated postural sway improves orthostatic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular control
Authors: Williams Erin L. , Hockin Brooke C. D. , Heeney Natalie D. , Elabd Karam , Chong Helen , Blaber Andrew P. , Robinovitch Stephen N. , Parsons Iain T. , Claydon Victoria E.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Healthy individuals with poor cardiovascular control, but who do not experience syncope (fainting), adopt an innate strategy of increased leg movement in the form of postural sway that is thought to counter orthostatic (gravitational) stress on the cardiovascular system. However, the direct effect of sway on cardiovascular hemodynamics and cerebral perfusion is unknown. If sway produces meaningful cardiovascular responses, it could be exploited clinically to prevent an imminent faint.

Methods

Twenty healthy adults were instrumented with cardiovascular (finger plethysmography, echocardiography, electrocardiogram) and cerebrovascular (transcranial Doppler) monitoring. Following supine rest, participants performed a baseline stand (BL) on a force platform, followed by three trials of exaggerated sway (anterior-posterior, AP; mediolateral, ML; square, SQ) in a randomized order.

Results

All exaggerated postural sway conditions improved systolic arterial pressure (SAP, p = 0.001) responses, while blunting orthostatic reductions in stroke volume (SV, p < 0.01) and cerebral blood flow (CBFv, p < 0.05) compared to BL. Markers of sympathetic activation (power of low-frequency oscillations in SAP, p < 0.001) and maximum transvalvular flow velocity (p < 0.001) were reduced during exaggerated sway conditions. Responses were dose-dependent, with improvements in SAP (p < 0.001), SV (p < 0.001) and CBFv (p = 0.009) all positively correlated with total sway path length. Coherence between postural movements and SAP (p < 0.001), SV (p < 0.001) and CBFv (p = 0.003) also improved during exaggerated sway.

Discussion

Exaggerated sway improves cardiovascular and cerebrovascular control and may supplement cardiovascular reflex responses to orthostatic stress. This movement provides a simple means to boost orthostatic cardiovascular control for individuals with syncope, or those with occupations that require prolonged motionless standing.
To be or not to be a systems thinker: Do professional characteristics influence how students acquire systems-thinking skills?
Authors: Miller Anat Nissel , Kordova Sigal , Grinshpoun Tal , Shoval Shraga
Published: February 2023

The increased need for systems thinking has also created a growing need to detect systems thinkers. Systems thinkers grasp a system as one whole made up of interacting elements. They determine what affects the system by applying their ability to identify and understand the interrelationships between the system’s components and their impact on each other and on the system as a whole. This article investigates the factors influencing a person’s inclination to become a systems thinker. Four different groups had the same systems-thinking learning process. The four groups: working engineering students, full-time engineering students, social workers, and technological college faculty members differ in employment, professional skills, degree of familiarity with their working environment, and position in the organizational hierarchy. The participants completed a questionnaire to assess their systems-thinking capabilities before and after the learning process The questionnaire detected changes in their systems-thinking abilities following this learning and highlighted differences between the groups. The results show that various systems thinking aspects changed in each group following the learning process in a way linked with its different characteristics. Knowing that the diverse characteristics of different groups influence their ability to become systems thinkers enables designing systems thinking training programs adjusted to the characteristics of various groups.
Effects of lifestyle intervention on adults with metabolic associated fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Xiao-Ni , Zhou Bing-Qian , Ning Ni , Pan Ting , Xu Fan , He Si-Han , Chen Ni-Ni , Sun Mei
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the overall effects of lifestyle interventions upon hepatic fat content and metabolism-related indicators among adults with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.

Methods

It was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42021251527). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, Wan-fang, VIP, and CBM from the inception of each database to May 2021 for RCT studies of lifestyle interventions on hepatic fat content and metabolism-related indicators. We used Review Manager 5.3 for meta-analysis and used text and detailed tabular summaries when heterogeneity existed.

Results

Thirty-four RCT studies with 2652 participants were included. All participants were obesity, 8% of whom also had diabetes, and none was lean or normal weight. Through subgroup analysis, we found low carbohydrate diet, aerobic training and resistance training significantly improved the level of HFC, TG, HDL, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR. Moreover, low carbohydrate diet is more effective in improving HFC than low fat diet and resistance training is better than aerobic training in reduction in HFC and TG (SMD, -0.25, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.06; SMD, 0.24, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.44, respectively).

Discussion

Overall, this is the first review that systematically synthesizes studies focused on the effects of various lifestyle on adults with MAFLD. The data generated in this systematic review were more applicable to obesity MAFLD rather than lean or normal weight MAFLD.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier (CRD42021251527).
Inadequate detection of the FSHR complicates future research on extragonadal FSHR localization
Authors: Tedjawirja Victoria N. , Hooijer Gerrit K. J. , Savci-Heijink C. Dilara , Kovac Kristina , Balm Ron , de Waard Vivian
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Recently, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) through interaction with its receptor (FSHR) has been proposed to play a role in postmenopausal osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, rather than the loss of estrogen. To explore this hypothesis, unravelling which cells express extragonadal FSHR on protein level is key.

Methods

We used two commercial anti-FSHR antibodies and validated them by performing immunohistochemistry on positive (ovary, testis) and negative controls (skin).

Results

The monoclonal anti-FSHR antibody could not identify the FSHR in ovary or testis. The polyclonal anti-FSHR antibody stained the granulosa cells (ovary) and Sertoli cells (testis), yet there was equally intense staining of other cells/extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the polyclonal anti-FSHR antibody also stained skin tissue extensively, suggesting that the antibody stains more than just FSHR.

Discussion

The findings in this study may add accuracy to literature on extragonadal FSHR localization and warrants attention to the use of inadequate anti-FSHR antibodies to value the potential role of FSH/FSHR in postmenopausal disease.