bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cultura de convergencia digital y la inclusión sociocultural: Interconectando formación y práctica docente
Authors: Moreira Da Rocha Adriana , Vargas Bolzan Doris Pires
Published: December 2015

Este artículo está basado en una investigación
cualitativa, del tipo estudio de caso,
sobre las probables implicaciones de la cultura
de convergencia digital y tecnológica,
en la construcción de los saberes docentes
y en el aprendizaje de la docencia digital.
Se sustenta en aportes teórico conceptuales,
interrelacionando dos ejes argumentativos:
la formación inicial de profesores en
la Universidad y la práctica docente de los
egresos en la Escuela Básica. El escenario
investigativo es el curso de licenciatura en
pedagogía, cuyos protagonistas se constituyen
profesores de la nueva generación
digital y los niños nacidos en el Siglo XXI.
Explicitar las implicaciones de la cultura de
convergencia digital trae nuevas perspectivas
a la planificación y desarrollo de los
procesos de enseñar y aprender, por medio
de ambientes pedagógicos y de coreografías
digitales que permiten la integración de las tecnologías digitales de la información
y comunicación (TDIC) y del propio Word
Wide Web (sistema hipertextual accionado
en red mundial vía Internet). Se concluye
que la formación universitaria en ambiente
pedagógico digital es fundamental para la
construcción de los nuevos saberes docentes
de las TDIC y de la Web, favoreciendo
la consolidación de la fluidez pedagógica y
tecnológica. En la escuela, tal ambiente parece
depender más de profesores fluentes,
de lo que de la transferencia de tecnologías
de última generación. Prácticas educativas
convergentes en la educación requieren
continuidad entre formación inicial y experiencia
docente, integradas a la experiencia
pedagógica hipermedia. En síntesis, el proceso
constitutivo de ser profesor envuelve
la apropiación de la cultura de convergencia
digital y tecnológica, lo que nos desafía
a nuevos postulados a la formación de
profesores.
La conciliación estudiantilfamiliar y el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Superior: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Alonso-Sanz Amparo , Iglesias Martínez Marcos Jesús , Lozano Cabezas Inés
Published: December 2015

La presencialidad obligatoria en Educación Superior y el creciente número de estudiantes con compromisos familiares justifican la necesidad de conocer las opiniones del alumnado con respecto a la conciliación estudiantil-familiar en el contexto universitario.
Se adopta una metodología cualitativa mediante narrativas. Participan de la investigación 27 estudiantes de la Universitat de València y 46 de la Universidad de Alicante, del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria.
Los resultados evidencian limitaciones, dificultades y demandas ante las nuevas exigencias metodológicas y evaluativas, si se tienen cargas familiares.
Se concluye con propuestas académicas, legislativas y de implementación de recursos que faciliten la conciliación estudiantil-familiar.
Genre, stratification et mobilité sociale au sein des classes populaires
Authors: Testenoire Armelle
Published: December 2015

Les rapports de genre et de classe se conjuguent et interagissent de manière différenciée au cours du temps, produisant des configurations qui structurent les devenirs individuels. À partir de plusieurs enquêtes biographiques menées auprès de femmes et de couples hétérosexuels, l’article analyse la dynamique réciproque des rapports de classe et de genre, et la manière dont celle-ci configure les parcours de femmes et de couples de classes populaires. De quelle manière ces rapports s’agencent-ils ? Nous montrerons que parfois ils s’amplifient réciproquement, alors que dans d’autres cas s’ouvrent des voies d’ascension sociale où seules quelques configurations conjugales spécifiques contribuent à la réduction des inégalités de genre.
(Im)mobilité internationale : les inégalités au sein des catégories populaires face à la migration
Authors: Bréant Hugo
Published: December 2015

L’examen des trajectoires migratoires de citoyens comoriens issus des catégories populaires permet de mettre en lumière de fortes inégalités dans leur rapport à la mobilité, dans leur accès à l’émigration et dans leur capacité à transformer la mobilité spatiale en mobilité sociale ascendante. Leur plus ou moins grande possession de ressources scolaires et culturelles ainsi que la connaissance pratique et directe de l’émigration au sein de la famille viennent dessiner des frontières internes à ce groupe social. L’article montre également comment la migration participe significativement à la recomposition des catégories populaires dans le pays d’origine en permettant à ceux qui ont un peu plus de ressources d’obtenir une ascension sociale individuelle ou familiale et en laissant les plus précaires à l’écart de ce processus. La migration favorise donc tout autant la mobilité que la reproduction sociale au sein des milieux populaires.
La mobilité sociale d’artistes du spectacle issus des classes populaires : des « transclasses » entre désir d’émancipation et sentiment d’illégitimité
Authors: Roux Nicolas
Published: December 2015

L’article analyse les ressorts et les résistances du désir d’émancipation sociale et familiale d’artistes issus des classes populaires, la vie d’artiste représentant un moyen de revendiquer une identité pour soi. Ce désir fait face à « l’expérience des limites » des enquêtés dans le milieu artistique. Elle s’exprime par un sentiment d’illégitimité, qui prend source dans un défaut de « capital relationnel » spécifique au champ du spectacle, en raison notamment de l’éloignement des classes populaires par rapport au capital culturel.
L’importance de la trajectoire sociale pour l’étude des classes populaires
Authors: Longchamp Philippe
Published: December 2015

S’il est indéniable que les classes populaires contemporaines sont caractérisées par une hétérogénéité beaucoup plus forte que par le passé, il n’en demeure pas moins que cette diversité se dérobe pour partie aux tentatives de théorisation. Les travaux sociologiques semblent dès lors alterner entre descriptions empiriques et propositions de nouveaux paradigmes. Prenant au sérieux la troisième dimension de l’espace social (la trajectoire sociale) que Bourdieu avait proposée sans toutefois la mobiliser pour l’analyse des classes populaires, nous défendons ici l’idée suivant laquelle la mobilisation de cette dimension s’impose autant pour l’analyse des classes populaires d’aujourd’hui que pour celle des classes moyennes d’hier.
Classes populaires et engagement militaire : des affinités électives aux stratégies d’insertion professionnelle
Authors: Settoul Elyamine
Published: December 2015

Fondé sur une série d’observations réalisées au sein de trois centres de recrutement militaire (CIRFA de Saint-Denis, Lyon et Marseille), cet article explore la question de l’engagement militaire de jeunes ayant pour dénominateur commun d’être issus de milieux sociaux populaires. Cet article met en perspective les trajectoires sociales d’individus issus de ces segments de population et les spécificités des processus de recrutement en vigueur dans le monde militaire. Il s’agit plus précisément de décrypter l’articulation entre les parcours biographiques des enquêtés et leurs décisions d’engagement. Loin de présenter ces acteurs comme des agents passifs ou attentistes, l’étude met en exergue les multiples ressources et les diverses stratégies que ces populations déploient afin d’intégrer une institution éminemment emblématique.
Enfermement et relégation des jeunes des classes populaires rurales
Authors: Venet Thomas
Published: December 2015

La désindustrialisation pousse la recomposition généralisée des classes populaires. Les territoires organisés autour de l’industrie jusque dans les années 1970 deviennent des lieux de relégation sociale, en particulier pour les jeunes. Ces derniers ne parviennent plus à accéder à l’autonomie (par le manque d’emplois, notamment), à formuler des projets, à s’imaginer en dehors du territoire et des réseaux de proches. Il en résulte un sentiment d’enfermement dans la jeunesse, qui entraîne un repli sur soi et sur l’entourage se traduisant en pratique par la recherche d’une reconnaissance sociale dans l’entre-soi (par la famille) et la construction d’un « eux » et d’un « nous » forts.
Catégories populaires et inégalités face à l’action publique. Différenciation sociale dans le recours au droit au logement opposable et son traitement
Authors: Weill Pierre-Édouard
Published: December 2015

L’article porte sur les inégalités face à l’action publique en milieu populaire. Combinant méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, il analyse les mécanismes de différenciation sociale du recours au droit au logement opposable (DALO) et de son traitement. Il contribue d’une part à l’étude de la stratification des catégories populaires : diverses configurations de propriétés sociales et de situations en matière d’habitat sont distinguées parmi les requérants DALO. Il met d’autre part en évidence les inégalités face à la justice administrative et à l’action sociale en milieu populaire : les caractéristiques des requérants DALO déterminent à la fois les modalités d’appropriation de la procédure et le traitement public de leur situation.
Le logement neuf, un bien inaccessible pour les catégories populaires en France ?
Authors: Bavay Lucile
Published: December 2015

Depuis le début des années 2000, la France fait face à une crise du logement abordable. Les prix croissent, mais les revenus des ménages ne suivent pas. Dans le même temps, le confort des logements neufs s’améliore, offrant aux ménages qui ont la possibilité d’y habiter une meilleure qualité de vie. Mais à qui est réservé ce privilège ? Les ménages des catégories populaires sont-ils mis au ban du logement neuf ? Deux approches complémentaires permettent de répondre à cette question. L’une concerne l’accessibilité économique des logements neufs destinés aux ménages des catégories populaires. L’autre s’attache à examiner le peuplement des logements nouvellement construits.
« Engagez-vous », qu’ils disaient : des discours politiques populistes aux expériences militantes populaires
Authors: Challier Raphaël
Published: December 2015

L’article traite dans un premier temps des usages du « populaire » dans le champ politique français. En parlant au nom des classes populaires, les professionnels de la politique construisent un imaginaire à propos de ces catégories, imaginaire porteur de nombreux implicites et qui mérite d’être déconstruit. Dans un second temps, il s’agit de confronter ces discours à la réalité des pratiques partisanes. Dans un portrait de deux jeunes militants – l’un de gauche (PCF), l’autre de droite (UMP) –, nous tenterons de montrer comment le sociologue peut proposer un regard plus empirique sur la politisation des classes populaires, notamment en interrogeant leur marginalisation au sein des collectifs militants.
Peuple et politique. La représentation des catégories populaires dans le rap allemand
Authors: Chemeta David
Published: December 2015

Il s’agit dans l’article de questionner la représentation qu’un échantillon de rappeurs allemands parmi les plus connus se font des catégories populaires, ainsi que la manière dont cette représentation évolue avec le temps et avec l’apparition d’un contexte politique et économique créant de nouvelles inégalités socioéconomiques. Au-delà des évolutions, ce sont des points communs que l’on constatera, que ce soit dans la manière de revendiquer une identité par la catégorie populaire au-dessus des autres types d’identités, ou par la présence d’idées proches du marxisme, « luttes des classes » et « dictature du prolétariat » en tête.
Les "Razos de trobar" de Ramon Vidal: una gramàtica per al cant
Authors: Espadaler Anton
Published: December 2015

The Razos de trobar are revisited in this paper, with a recapitulation of the learned opinions on this text’s subject, and a new evaluation of it as a grammar handbook for troubadours. Characteristics are set down which differentiate this work from others like Uc Faidit’s Donatz proensals and Jofre de Foixà’s Regles de trobar. Attention is also given to the possible reasons for this text’s popularity, and on the way, Ovidian sources are retraced for the famous final lines (37-39) of Arnaut Daniel’s “Ab gai so cundet et leri”: “Ieu sui Arnautz qu’amas l’aura...”
El frau de l’alquimista en l’infern dantesc de Joan Pasqual i en la tradició medieval
Authors: Gómez Francesc J.
Published: December 2015

This article presents and analyses chapter XLVI from the Tractat de les penes particulars d’infern by Catalan franciscan friar Joan Pasqual, written soon after 1436. This chapter, “Del cercle de l’alquímia”, includes an exemplum which is doubly significant: on the one hand, it documents the alchemic legend in the Plantagenets’ court during the 14th and 15th centuries; on the other hand, and most importantly, it is a new testimony of two narrative motifs of Eastern origin: the fake alchemist and the king (Thompson, K.111.4; Tubach, 89), and the account-book of mistakes or fools (Thompson,J.1371). After introducing the medieval witnesses of these motifs, the alchemic legend of Ramon Llull and king Edward of England, and Joan Pasqual in his historical context, the essay offers an edition of the Catalan text and a thorough comparative analysis with the more evident witnesses within the tradition: for the whole story, the Kit?b al-mukht?rf? kashf al-asr?r (IX, 9) by Al-Jawbar?, the exemplum XX in the Libro del conde Lucanor by don Juan Manuel and the anonymous Libro del caballero Zifar; also Fèlix or Llibre de meravelles (VI, 36[4].47-68) by Ramon Llull for the motif of the alchemist and the king, and the novella LXXIV in the Novellino Borghini for the motif of the account-book of mistakes of fools. The conclusions of this analysis allow to trace the outline of a very useful stemma narrationum to discuss the position of Geoffrey Chaucer’s The canon’s yeoman’s tale within this tradition.
Policy and Programs for Cycling in the City of Zagreb – A Critical Review
Authors: Pilko Hrvoje , Tepeš Krunoslav , Brezina Tadej
Published: December 2015

Studying cycling traffic issues in a beginner city – City of Zagreb, stems from unclear development policy, an increase in cycling volume, a large number of traffic accidents, an inadequate infrastructure and legislation, a small number of high quality studies and published papers, and the question, did current cycling policy and programs advance cycling? A comprehensive search of available literature, including data from the Zagreb Traffic Department, was made. These data do not adequately address the direction of causality, such as whether current cycling policy and programs advance cycling or whether cycling demand led to increased levels of cycling. This review paper suggests that, it is not yet possible to evaluate which pro-bicycle packages are the most effective and, development of cycling traffic requires a coordinated holistic planning strategy. Results could serve as a beacon light for similarly sized beginner cities, especially those who are located in South-eastern and Eastern Europe.
High-mobility BaSnO3 thin-film transistor with HfO2 gate insulator
Authors: Kim Young Mo , Park Chulkwon , Kim Useong , Ju Chanjong , Char Kookrin
Published: December 2015

Thin-film transistors have been fabricated using La-doped BaSnO3 as n-type channels and (In,Sn)2O3 as source, drain, and gate electrodes. HfO2 was grown as gate insulators by atomic layer deposition. The field-effect mobility, I
on/I
off ratio, and subthreshold swing of the device are 24.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, 6.0 × 106, and 0.42 V dec−1, respectively. The interface trap density, evaluated to be higher than 1013 cm−2 eV−1, was found to be slightly lower than that of the thin-film transistor with an Al2O3 gate insulator. We attribute the much smaller subthreshold swing values to the higher dielectric constant of HfO2.
Swarm v2: highly-scalable and high-resolution amplicon clustering
Authors: Mahé Frédéric , Rognes Torbjørn , Quince Christopher , de Vargas Colomban , Dunthorn Micah
Published: December 2015

Previously we presented Swarm v1, a novel and open source amplicon clustering program that produced fine-scale molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs), free of arbitrary global clustering thresholds and input-order dependency. Swarm v1 worked with an initial phase that used iterative single-linkage with a local clustering threshold (d), followed by a phase that used the internal abundance structures of clusters to break chained OTUs. Here we present Swarm v2, which has two important novel features: (1) a new algorithm ford= 1 that allows the computation time of the program to scale linearly with increasing amounts of data; and (2) the new fastidious option that reduces under-grouping by grafting low abundant OTUs (e.g., singletons and doubletons) onto larger ones. Swarm v2 also directly integrates the clustering and breaking phases, dereplicates sequencing reads withd= 0, outputs OTU representatives in fasta format, and plots individual OTUs as two-dimensional networks.
Best practices for assessing ocean health in multiple contexts using tailorable frameworks
Authors: Lowndes Julia S. Stewart , Pacheco Erich J. , Best Benjamin D. , Scarborough Courtney , Longo Catherine , Katona Steven K. , Halpern Benjamin S.
Published: December 2015

Marine policy is increasingly calling for maintaining or restoring healthy oceans while human activities continue to intensify. Thus, successful prioritization and management of competing objectives requires a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the ocean. Unfortunately, assessment frameworks to define and quantify current ocean state are often site-specific, limited to a few ocean components, and difficult to reproduce in different geographies or even through time, limiting spatial or temporal comparisons as well as the potential for shared learning. Ideally, frameworks should be tailorable to accommodate use in disparate locations and contexts, removing the need to develop frameworksde novoand allowing efforts to focus on the assessments themselves to advise action. Here, we present some of our experiences using the Ocean Health Index (OHI) framework, a tailorable and repeatable approach that measures health of coupled human-ocean ecosystems in different contexts by accommodating differences in local environmental characteristics, cultural priorities, and information availability and quality. Since its development in 2012, eleven assessments using the OHI framework have been completed at global, national, and regional scales, four of which have been led by independent academic or government groups. We have found the following to be best practices for conducting assessments: Incorporate key characteristics and priorities into the assessment framework design before gathering information; Strategically define spatial boundaries to balance information availability and decision-making scales; Maintain the key characteristics and priorities of the assessment framework regardless of information limitations; and Document and share the assessment process, methods, and tools. These best practices are relevant to most ecosystem assessment processes, but also provide tangible guidance for assessments using the OHI framework. These recommendations also promotetransparencyaround which decisions were made and why,reproducibilitythrough access to detailed methods and computational code,repeatabilityvia the ability to modify methods and computational code, andease of communicationto wide audiences, all of which are critical for any robust assessment process.
Long‐term anoxia and release of ancient, labile carbon upon thaw of Pleistocene permafrost
Authors: Ewing Stephanie A. , O'Donnell Jonathan A. , Aiken George R. , Butler Kenna , Butman David , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Kanevskiy Mikhail Z.
Published: December 2015

The fate of permafrost carbon upon thaw will drive feedbacks to climate warming. Here we consider the character and context of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in yedoma permafrost cores from up to 20 m depth in central Alaska. We observed high DOC concentrations (4 to 129 mM) and consistent low molecular weight organic acid concentrations in three cores. We estimate a DOC production rate of 12 µmol DOC m−2 yr−1 based on model ages of up to ~200 kyr derived from uranium isotopes. Acetate C accounted for 24 ± 1% of DOC in all samples. This proportion suggests long‐term anaerobiosis and is likely to influence thaw outcomes due to biolability of acetate upon release in many environments. The combination of uranium isotopes, ammonium concentrations, and calcium concentrations explained 86% of the variation in thaw water DOC concentrations, suggesting that DOC production may be related to both reducing conditions and mineral dissolution over time.
Exhumation history of the Tatry Mountains, Western Carpathians, constrained by low‐temperature thermochronology
Authors: Śmigielski M. , Sinclair H. D. , Stuart F. M. , Persano C. , Krzywiec P.
Published: December 2015

This study tests alternative models for the growth of the Tatry Mountains (Central Western Carpathians) by the application of low‐temperature thermochronology. Zircon (U + Th)/He ages from the north of the range are mostly between 48 and 37 Ma and indicate cooling prior to the onset of fore‐arc sedimentation in the region (42–39 Ma). In contrast, zircon (U + Th)/He ages in the south of the range are around 22 Ma. Apatite fission track ages across the sampled sites range from 20 to 15 Ma. Apatite (U + Th)/He ages range from 18 to 14 Ma with little variation with elevation or horizontal location. Based on thermal modeling and tectonic reconstructions, these Miocene ages are interpreted as cooling in the hanging wall of a northward dipping thrust ramp in the current location of the sub‐Tatric fault with cooling rates of ~20°C/Myr at ~22–14 Ma. Modeled cooling histories require an abrupt deceleration in cooling after ~14 Ma to <5°C/Myr. This is associated with termination of deformation in the Outer Carpathians and is synchronous with the transition of the Pannonian Basin from a syn‐rift to a postrift stage and with termination of N‐S compression in the northern part of the Central Western Carpathians. Overall, the timing of shortening and exhumation is synchronous with the formation of the Outer Carpathian orogen and so the Miocene exhumation of the Tatry records retrovergent thrusting at the northern margin of the Alcapa microplate.
Separation of C6H6 and C6H12 from H2 using ionic liquid/PVDF composite membrane
Authors: Hirota Yuichiro , Maeda Yohei , Nishiyama Norikazu , Furusawa Takashi , Ito Akira
Published: December 2015

Significance

Ionic liquid/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane was successfully prepared by impregnation method and used for the separation on organic chemical hydride process. The separation factors of C6H6/H2 and C6H12/H2 in the ternary mixture system were 7500 and 300, respectively. The ionic liquid membrane showed an excellent possibility as a technology of H2 purification in the organic chemical hydride process by removing aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane simultaneously from the ternary system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 624–628, 2016
A review of the statistical turbulence theory required extending the population balance closure models to the entire spectrum of turbulence
Authors: Solsvik Jannike , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: December 2015

The models for fluid particle breakage and coalescence due to turbulence are generally limited to the inertial subrange of isotropic turbulence and infinite Reynolds numbers. A rigorous procedure for extending the fluid particle breakage and coalescence closures to the entire spectrum of isotropic turbulence and for a wider range of Reynolds numbers can be established based on statistical turbulence theory. The modeling procedure consists of a three‐dimensional (3‐D) literature model energy spectrum for the dissipation, inertial, and energy containing subranges of isotropic turbulence, and an exact literature integral relation for determining the second‐order longitudinal structure function from the 3‐D energy spectrum. A review of the requisite statistical turbulence theory and the use of the model energy spectrum is provided, because the necessary details are not easily accessible in the chemical engineering literature and misconceptions are found in the publications of the previous modeling attempts. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1795–1820, 2016
Gershoni‐Baruch syndrome: First report of a surviving child
Authors: Valfrè Laura , Baban Anwar , Digilio Maria Cristina , Bevilacqua Francesca , Bagolan Pietro , Conforti Andrea
Published: December 2015

Gershoni‐Baruch syndrome is an extremely rare malformation complex characterized by omphalocele, diaphragmatic hernia, radial ray defects, and cardiovascular abnormalities. Autosomal recessive inheritance was suggested. To date, academic literature described only seven patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for the condition. None survived the neonatal period. This study reports the first individual with Gershoni‐Baruch syndrome surviving past early infancy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A syndrome of microcephaly, short stature, polysyndactyly, and dental anomalies caused by a homozygous KATNB1 mutation
Authors: Yigit Gökhan , Wieczorek Dagmar , Bögershausen Nina , Beleggia Filippo , Möller‐Hartmann Claudia , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Nürnberg Peter , Wollnik Bernd
Published: December 2015

Using whole‐exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous acceptor splice‐site mutation in intron 6 of the KATNB1 gene in a patient from a consanguineous Turkish family who presented with congenital microcephaly, lissencephaly, short stature, polysyndactyly, and dental abnormalities. cDNA analysis revealed complete loss of the natural acceptor splice‐site resulting either in the usage of an alternative, exonic acceptor splice‐site inducing a frame‐shift and premature protein truncation or, to a minor extent, in complete skipping of exon 7. Both effects most likely lead to complete loss of KATNB1 function. Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in KATNB1 have very recently been described as a cause of microcephaly with brain malformations and seizures. We extend the KATNB1 associated phenotype by describing a syndrome characterized by primordial dwarfism, lissencephaly, polysyndactyly, and dental anomalies, which is caused by a homozygous truncating KATNB1 mutation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Core–shell emulsion polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of polymerizable emulsifier
Authors: Li Ping , Zhou Zhiping , Ma Weiwei , Hao Tongfan
Published: December 2015

A series of core–shell polymeric particles of styrene butyl acrylate were successfully prepared in the presence of polymerizable emulsifier. The compositions of the emulsions obtained were confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry. Latexes and emulsion films were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The thermostability of emulsion films was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the existence of polymerizable emulsifier could enhance the solid content of the emulsion and the monomer conversion. The optimum mass ratio of polymerizable emulsifier to traditional emulsifier was 1:1, and the polymerizable emulsifier can participate in the emulsion polymerization perfectly. An emulsion with reverse core–shell particles exhibited better hydrophobic properties and thermostability than one with traditional core–shell particles. The film formed by the emulsion with reverse core–shell particles had lower water absorption, and it could be used in the fields of coatings, surface sizing agents, and spinning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43091.
Germ cells influence cord formation and leydig cell gene expression during mouse testis development
Authors: Rios‐Rojas Clarissa , Spiller Cassy , Bowles Josephine , Koopman Peter
Published: December 2015

Background: It is widely accepted that, during the development of testes in the mammalian embryo, male germ cells are influenced by signals from the surrounding somatic cells, but not vice versa, so that germ cells are dispensable for the formation of testes. Results: We now demonstrate that development of the mouse fetal testis is compromised in the absence of germ cells. Using two‐ and three‐dimensional imaging techniques, we reveal that We/We mutant testes devoid of germ cells have misshapen and poorly organized cords. We also found that mutant gonads have fewer Sertoli cells than normal and that the Leydig cells express key markers at higher than normal levels. Conclusions: These observations point to the existence of germ cell‐derived signals that directly or indirectly affect the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations, and provide a new paradigm for the organogenesis of the mammalian testes. Developmental Dynamics 245:433–444, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coelomic epithelium‐derived cells in visceral morphogenesis
Authors: Ariza Laura , Carmona Rita , Cañete Ana , Cano Elena , Muñoz‐Chápuli Ramón
Published: December 2015

Coelomic cavities of vertebrates are lined by a mesothelium which develops from the lateral plate mesoderm. During development, the coelomic epithelium is a highly active cell layer, which locally is able to supply mesenchymal cells that contribute to the mesodermal elements of many organs and provide signals which are necessary for their development. The relevance of this process of mesenchymal cell supply to the developing organs is becoming clearer because genetic lineage tracing techniques have been developed in recent years. Body wall, heart, liver, lungs, gonads, and gastrointestinal tract are populated by cells derived from the coelomic epithelium which contribute to their connective and vascular tissues, and sometimes to specialized cell types such as the stellate cells of the liver, the Cajal interstitial cells of the gut or the Sertoli cells of the testicle. In this review we collect information about the contribution of coelomic epithelium derived cells to visceral development, their developmental fates and signaling functions. The common features displayed by all these processes suggest that the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of the embryonic coelomic epithelium is an underestimated but key event of vertebrate development, and probably it is shared by all the coelomate metazoans. Developmental Dynamics 245:307–322, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond cell proliferation in avian facial morphogenesis
Authors: Linde‐Medina Marta , Hallgrímsson Benedikt , Marcucio Ralph
Published: December 2015

The upper jaw in vertebrates forms from several prominences that arise around the stomodeum or primitive mouth. These prominences undergo coordinated growth and morphogenesis to fuse and form the face. Undirected, regionalized cell proliferation is thought to be the driving force behind the morphogenesis of the facial prominences. However, recent findings suggest that directed cell behaviors in the mesenchyme (e.g., directed cell division, directed cell movement, convergent extension) might be required for successful face formation. Here we discuss the evidence for this view and how directed behaviors may interact with the basement membrane to regulate morphogenesis of the facial region. We believe that future research in these largely unexplored areas could significantly impact our understanding of facial morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 245:190–196, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Competitive outcome of multiple infections in a behavior‐manipulating virus/wasp interaction
Authors: Martinez Julien , Fleury Frédéric , Varaldi Julien
Published: December 2015

Infections by multiple parasites are common in nature and may impact the evolution of host–parasite interactions. We investigated the existence of multiple infections involving the DNA virus LbFV and the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi. This vertically transmitted virus forces infected females to lay their eggs in already parasitized Drosophila larvae (a behavior called superparasitism), thus favoring its spread through horizontal transmission. Previous theoretical work indicated that the evolution of the level of the manipulation strongly depends on whether infected parasitoids can be re‐infected or not. Here, we describe a strain of LbFV that differs from the reference strain by showing a deletion within the locus used for PCR detection. We used this polymorphism to test for the existence of multiple infections in this system. Viral strains did not differ on their vertical or horizontal transmission rates nor on the way they affect the parasitoid's phenotype, including their ability to manipulate behavior. Although already infected parasitoids were much less susceptible to new infection than uninfected ones, frequent coinfection was detected. However, following coinfection, competition between viral strains led to the rapid elimination of one strain or the other after a few generations of vertical transmission. We discuss the implications of these results for the evolution of the behavioral manipulation.
Lack of NG2 exacerbates neurological outcome and modulates glial responses after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Huang Changsheng , Sakry Dominik , Menzel Lutz , Dangel Larissa , Sebastiani Anne , Krämer Tobias , Karram Khalad , Engelhard Kristin , Trotter Jacqueline , Schäfer Michael K.E.
Published: December 2015

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. The underlying pathophysiology is characterized by secondary processes including neuronal death and gliosis. To elucidate the role of the NG2 proteoglycan we investigated the response of NG2‐knockout mice (NG2‐KO) to TBI. Seven days after TBI behavioral analysis, brain damage volumetry and assessment of blood brain barrier integrity demonstrated an exacerbated response of NG2‐KO compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. Reactive astrocytes and expression of the reactive astrocyte and neurotoxicity marker Lcn2 (Lipocalin‐2) were increased in the perilesional brain tissue of NG2‐KO mice. In addition, microglia/macrophages with activated morphology were increased in number and mRNA expression of the M2 marker Arg1 (Arginase 1) was enhanced in NG2‐KO mice. While TBI‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes was unchanged between genotypes, PCR array screening revealed a marked TBI‐induced up‐regulation of the C‐X‐C motif chemokine 13 gene Cxcl13 in NG2‐KO mice. CXCL13, known to attract immune cells to the inflamed brain, was expressed by activated perilesional microglia/macrophages seven days after TBI. Thirty days after TBI, NG2‐KO mice still exhibited more pronounced neurological deficits than WT mice, up‐regulation of Cxcl13, enhanced CD45+ leukocyte infiltration and a relative increase of activated Iba‐1+/CD45+ microglia/macrophages. Our study demonstrates that lack of NG2 exacerbates the neurological outcome after TBI and associates with abnormal activation of astrocytes, microglia/macrophages and increased leukocyte recruitment to the injured brain. These findings suggest that NG2 may counteract neurological deficits and adverse glial responses in TBI. GLIA 2016;64:507–523
Pediatric gliomas as neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Baker Suzanne J. , Ellison David W. , Gutmann David H.
Published: December 2015

Brain tumors represent the most common solid tumor of childhood, with gliomas comprising the largest fraction of these cancers. Several features distinguish them from their adult counterparts, including their natural history, causative genetic mutations, and brain locations. These unique properties suggest that the cellular and molecular etiologies that underlie their development and maintenance might be different from those that govern adult gliomagenesis and growth. In this review, we discuss the genetic basis for pediatric low‐grade and high‐grade glioma in the context of developmental neurobiology, and highlight the differences between histologically‐similar tumors arising in children and adults. GLIA 2016;64:879–895
On characterizing the temporal dominance patterns of model parameters and processes
Authors: Guse Björn , Pfannerstill Matthias , Strauch Michael , Reusser Dominik E. , Lüdtke Stefan , Volk Martin , Gupta Hoshin , Fohrer Nicola
Published: December 2015

Diagnostic analyses of hydrological models intend to improve the understanding of how processes and their dynamics are represented in models. Temporal patterns of parameter dominance could be precisely characterized with a temporally resolved parameter sensitivity analysis. In this way, the discharge conditions are characterized, that lead to a parameter dominance in the model. To achieve this, the analysis of temporal dynamics in parameter sensitivity is enhanced by including additional information in a three‐tiered framework on different aggregation levels. Firstly, temporal dynamics of parameter sensitivity provide daily time series of their sensitivities to detect variations in the dominance of model parameters. Secondly, the daily sensitivities are related to the flow duration curve (FDC) to emphasize high sensitivities of model parameters in relation to specific discharge magnitudes. Thirdly, parameter sensitivities are monthly averaged separately for five segments of the FDC to detect typical patterns of parameter dominances for different discharge magnitudes. The three methodical steps are applied on two contrasting catchments (upland and lowland catchment) to demonstrate how the temporal patterns of parameter dynamics represent different hydrological regimes. The discharge dynamic in the lowland catchment is controlled by groundwater parameters for all discharge magnitudes. In contrast, different processes are relevant in the upland catchment, because the dominances of parameters from fast and slow runoff components in the upland catchment are changing over the year for the different discharge magnitudes. The joined interpretation of these three diagnostic steps provides deeper insights of how model parameters represent hydrological dynamics in models for different discharge magnitudes. Thus, this diagnostic framework leads to a better characterization of model parameters and their temporal dynamics and helps to understand the process behaviour in hydrological models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glenohumeral joint reaction forces increase with critical shoulder angles representative of osteoarthritis—A biomechanical analysis
Authors: Viehöfer Arnd F. , Snedeker Jess G. , Baumgartner Daniel , Gerber Christian
Published: December 2015

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral joint constitutes the most frequent indication for nontraumatic shoulder joint replacement. Recently, a small critical shoulder angle (CSA) was found to be associated with a high prevalence of OA. This study aims to verify the hypothesis that a small CSA leads to higher glenohumeral joint reaction forces during activities of daily living than a normal CSA. A shoulder simulator with simulated deltoid (DLT), supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus/teres minor (ISP/TM), and subscapularis (SSC) musculotendinous units was constructed. The DLT wrapping on the humerus was simulated using a pulley that could be horizontally adjusted to simulate the 28° CSA found in OA or the 33° CSA found in disease‐free shoulders. Over a range of motion between 6° and 82° of thoracohumeral abduction joint forces were measured using a six‐axis load cell. An OA‐associated CSA yielded higher net joint reaction forces than a normal CSA over the entire range of motion. The maximum difference of 26.4 N (8.5%) was found at 55° of thoracohumeral abduction. Our model thus suggests that a CSA typical for OA predisposes the glenohumeral joint to higher joint reaction forces and could plausibly play a role in joint overloading and development of OA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1047–1052, 2016.
Characterizing mixed phosphonic acid ligand capping on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots using ligand exchange and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Davidowski Stephen K. , Lisowski Carmen E. , Yarger Jeffery L.
Published: December 2015

The ligand capping of phosphonic acid functionalized CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) was investigated with a combination of solution and solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two phosphonic acid ligands were used in the synthesis of the QDs, tetradecylphosphonic acid and ethylphosphonic acid. Both alkyl phosphonic acids showed broad liquid and solid‐state 31P NMR resonances for the bound ligands, indicative of heterogeneous binding to the QD surface. In order to quantify the two ligand populations on the surface, ligand exchange facilitated by phenylphosphonic acid resulted in the displacement of the ethylphosphonic acid and tetradecylphosphonic acid and allowed for quantification of the free ligands using 31P liquid‐state NMR. After washing away the free ligand, two broad resonances were observed in the liquids' 31P NMR corresponding to the alkyl and aromatic phosphonic acids. The washed samples were analyzed via solid‐state 31P NMR, which confirmed the ligand populations on the surface following the ligand exchange process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which is more important for reducing the odds of metabolic syndrome in men: Cardiorespiratory or muscular fitness?
Authors: Mišigoj‐Duraković Marjeta , Sorić Maroje , Matika Dario , Jukić Igor , Duraković Zijad
Published: December 2015

Objective

To examine combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) in a sample of young men.

Methods

Participants were 557 men aged 19‐47 years. CRF was quantified as peak oxygen uptake measured during an incremental treadmill test by a metabolic cart, while a composite MF score was calculated as the sum of z‐scores from a push‐ups and sit‐ups test. The presence of MetSy was defined according to the updated NCEP‐ATP III criteria.

Results

We found a graded inverse relationship between CRF and MetSy presence. The most aerobically fit individuals had 90% lower odds of having MetSy compared to their least fit counterparts, independent of MF (odds ratio [OR] = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04‐0.21). Conversely, an increment in MF across the first three quartiles was not associated with lower odds of MetSy; only the most muscularly fit men were 2.5 times less likely to have MetSy (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.78). Finally, participants with high CRF but low MF exhibited a 50% decrease in odds of having MetSy (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26‐0.91), while no protective effect was found for having high MF but low CRF (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.55‐1.62).

Conclusions

CRF exhibited a strong protective effect against having MetSy, while the effect of MF was less pronounced.
Randomized trial of a prevention intervention that embeds weight‐related messages within a general parenting program
Authors: Haines Jess , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Gross Deborah , McDonald Julia , Kleinman Ken , Gillman Matthew W.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To assess the extent to which an obesity prevention intervention that embeds obesity‐related messages within a parenting program, compared with controls who received weekly mailings, resulted in a smaller increase in children's BMI (primary outcome) and improvements in weight‐related behaviors from baseline to 9‐month follow‐up.

Methods

Fifty‐six families were randomly assigned to the intervention and 56 to control. Children were primarily Hispanic (58%) or Black/African American (23%). Intervention included nine weekly: group parenting sessions, children's sessions, and homework assignments. At baseline, post‐intervention, and 9‐month follow‐up, staff assessed children's weight and height. Parents completed surveys assessing parenting skills, feeding behaviors, and children's weight‐related behaviors.

Results

From baseline to 9‐month follow‐up, BMI decreased by a mean of 0.13 kg m−2 among children in the intervention and increased by 0.21 kg m−2 among children in the control, resulting in a nonsignificant difference (multivariate adjusted difference = −0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.23, 0.51; P = 0.41). Parents in the intervention decreased restrictive feeding practices relative to control (−0.30; 95% CI −0.53, −0.07; P = 0.01). Intervention and control arms showed similar changes in children's weight‐related behaviors.

Conclusions

The intervention improved restrictive feeding but did not influence children's BMI or weight‐related behaviors compared to controls who received weekly mailings.
One‐year outcomes of an intense workplace cardio‐metabolic risk reduction program among high‐risk employees: The My Unlimited Potential
Authors: Rouseff Maribeth , Aneni Ehimen C. , Guzman Henry , Das Sankalp , Brown Doris , Osondu Chukwuemeka U. , Spatz Erica , Shaffer Brandon , Santiago‐Charles Joann , Ochoa Teresa , Mora Joseph , Gilliam Cynthia , Lehn Virginia , Sherriff Shoshana , Tran Thinh H. , Post Janisse , Veledar Emir , Feldman Theodore , Agatston Arthur S. , Nasir Khurram
Published: December 2015

Objective

This study details 6‐ and 12‐month cardio‐metabolic outcomes of an intense 12‐week workplace lifestyle intervention program, the My Unlimited Potential (MyUP), conducted in a large healthcare organization.

Methods

This study was conducted among 230 employees of Baptist Health South Florida with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Employees were considered at high risk and eligible for the study if they had two or more of the following cardio‐metabolic risk factors: total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2.

Results

At the end of 12 weeks, there was significant reduction in the mean BMI, SBP and DBP, serum lipids, and HbA1c among persons with diabetes. At 1 year, there was significant decline in the mean BMI, SBP and DBP, HbA1c, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and in the prevalence of poor BP control, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, and abnormal HbA1c among all persons and those with diabetes.

Conclusions

This intensive 12‐week lifestyle change program was successful at improving cardio‐metabolic risk factors at 1 year. This study provides a template for other workplace programs aimed at improving CVD risk in high‐risk employees.
Weight loss on low‐fat vs. low‐carbohydrate diets by insulin resistance status among overweight adults and adults with obesity: A randomized pilot trial
Authors: Gardner Christopher D. , Offringa Lisa C. , Hartle Jennifer C. , Kapphahn Kris , Cherin Rise
Published: December 2015

Objective

To test for differential weight loss response to low‐fat (LF) vs. low‐carbohydrate (LC) diets by insulin resistance status with emphasis on overall quality of both diets.

Methods

Sixty‐one adults, BMI 28‐40 kg/m2, were randomized in a 2 × 2 design to LF or LC by insulin resistance status in this pilot study. Primary outcome was 6‐month weight change. Participants were characterized as more insulin resistant (IR) or more insulin sensitive (IS) by median split of baseline insulin‐area‐under‐the‐curve from an oral glucose tolerance test. Intervention consisted of 14 one‐hour class‐based educational sessions.

Results

Baseline % carbohydrate:% fat:% protein was 44:38:18. At 6 months, the LF group reported 57:21:22 and the LC group reported 22:53:25 (IR and IS combined). Six‐month weight loss (kg) was 7.4 ± 6.0 (LF‐IR), 10.4 ± 7.8 (LF‐IS), 9.6 ± 6.6 (LC‐IR), and 8.6 ± 5.6 (LC‐IS). No significant main effects were detected for weight loss by diet group or IR status; there was no significant diet × IR interaction. Significant differences in several secondary outcomes were observed.

Conclusions

Substantial weight loss was achieved overall, but a significant diet × IR status interaction was not observed. Opportunity to detect differential response may have been limited by the focus on high diet quality for both diet groups and sample size.