bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING MODEL OF THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION TRAINING TEACHER
Authors: Tytova Nataliya
Published: March 2019

The psychological and pedagogical training model of the professional education training teacher consists of such blocks as target, conceptual, informative, procedural and efficient. The central element of the psychological and pedagogical training model of the professional education training teacher is the interaction of the student and teacher based on transparency, participatibility and collaboration. The proposed techno-logization of the psychological and pedagogical training of the professional education training teacher in institutions of higher education will contribute to its constant updating and improvement in order to improve the quality of vocational education. Modern information technologies of training project the role of the professional education training teacher as a tutor, facilitator, coach, mentor, moderator, educator, master, etc.
El uso de las TIC en la formación de conceptos matemáticos
Authors: Ferras Miraida , Garcés Wilber , Tamayo Ismael
Published: March 2019

El objetivo de la investigación fue ofrecer modos de actuación para definir conceptos con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC), que favorezca el desarrollo de habilidades pedagógicas profesionales en los estudiantes. En particular, se muestra la experiencia de los autores en el aprovechamiento de las potencialidades de las TIC para el estudio del concepto función continua en un punto, correspondiente a la disciplina Análisis Matemático, en el segundo año de la formación inicial del Licenciado en Educación Matemática-Física en la Universidad de Holguín, mediante el empleo de una página web interactiva creada por el segundo autor de esta ponencia.  La experiencia formó parte de la investigación que realizó un grupo de profesores como parte del proyecto institucional relacionado con la formación inicial del Licenciado en Educación Matemática-Física en la Universidad de Holguín.   La metodología empleada se basó en la investigación acción, mediante la creación e implementación de propuestas novedosas para emplear las TIC. Lo antes mencionado se cumplió a partir de la argumentación de una propuesta metodológica para el empleo de las TIC y las posibles alternativas en la clase, sobre la base de la determinación de las potencialidades y limitaciones derivadas del diagnóstico.  Mediante la observación, la aplicación de encuesta y pruebas de entrada y salida se constató que la utilización de asistentes para la representación gráfica de funciones aumentó la comprensión de las mismas. La organización de los estudiantes por equipos o pequeños grupos, para el desarrollo de las clases y la realización de las diferentes tareas interactivas con el uso de las TIC, favoreció un aprendizaje cooperado y la comunicación entre los estudiantes.
Diagnóstico de la atención educativa en las personas con discapacidad en la Fundación Gabriel de Santa Elena
Authors: Zambrano Haboud María del Pilar , Fernandez Martha Maria
Published: March 2019

Se presentó el estado actual de la preparación de docentes, terapeutas y directivos de la Fundación Gabriel de Santa Elena, para comprobar la atención educativa que se llevaba a cabo en los jóvenes con discapacidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue corroborar el problema de investigación ¿Cómo lograr la atención educativa a las personas con discapacidad a través del Arteterapia Teatral en la Fundación Gabriel de Santa Elena?. El contenido del artículo formó parte de una investigación con la que se opta al título Magíster en Educación mención Inclusión Educativa y Atención a la Diversidad. Se emplearon métodos empíricos como entrevista y la encuesta. Se logró como resultado corroborar la necesidad del cambio de objeto social de la Fundación, de centro psicopedagógico a Escuela de Teatro, como alternativa a la atención educativa que se lleva a cabo, a los jóvenes con discapacidad y que quedaran preparados para insertarse en la sociedad con un oficio.
El Ecoturismo en el Ecuador
Authors: Mora Franklin
Published: March 2019

El Turismo es una de las industrias más grandes a nivel mundial. Representa más del 10% de la fuentes de empleo, el 11% del PIB mundial. Se predice el aumento de los viajes turísticos hasta 1.600 millones en el año 2020. El siguiente articulo analiza el área del ecoturismo en el Ecuador y diversas formas para mejorarlo.
Estimación de la proporción de sexos de neonatos de tortuga charapa (Podocnemis unifilis) mediante morfometría del caparazón, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Fierro Dominique , Salvador Pablo , Terneus Esteban
Published: March 2019

Una de las causas de la declinación de poblaciones de Podocnemis unifilis es la captura y consumo de hembras adultas y sus huevos; por esta presión, existen varios programas de manejo comunitario, los cuales mediante incubación, crianza y liberación de juveniles intentan mitigar esta disminución, sin embargo, en estos programas no conocen la proporción de sexos que van a ser devueltos al río. Este estudio busca determinar la proporción de sexos en neonatos de P. unifilis, mediante métodos morfométricos como una técnica alternativa a procedimientos invasivos de determinación sexual.Se registró un promedio de 31.1 huevos por nido, con un 70 % de éxito de eclosión y períodos de incubación de 72-83 días. El análisis histológico gonadal de 35 individuos permitió la clasificación de 14 neonatos machos y 21 neonatos hembras. El resultado del PCA, realizado con las medidas morfométricas de neonatos, mostró una tendencia en la separación de machos y hembras, con el largo, ancho, plastrón del caparazón como las medidas que más aportaron con esta tendencia, y un porcentaje de clasificación del 77.8 %. Sin embargo no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0.05) de las medidas morfométricas con respecto a la separación de sexos.
La decisión de compra en el sector universitario: un análisis desde la conducta económica
Authors: Abrigo-Córdova Irma Eufemia
Published: March 2019

El estudio fue presentado en el I Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, en la ciudad de Loja-Ecuador, siendo actualizado. Se trata de un trabajo descriptivo basado en el comportamiento de los individuos universitarios, quienes, al ser sometidos a diferentes variables que incentivan a cambiar sus hábitos de consumo, mediante estímulos emocionales, influyeron en las decisiones de los consumidores, esta estrategia ha sido aprovechada por las empresas.

 

Las técnicas de neurocomercialización están diseñadas para forzar la percepción del consumidor modificando su comportamiento económico mediante un incentivo por el cual no es consciente. Se puede determinar, mediante los datos obtenidos que los individuos tanto hombres como mujeres tienden a consumir en base a la situación emocional del momento, planificando nuestro capital en medida de la intensidad de la emoción, haciendo que el capital modifique nuestra personalidad y no viéndolo como herramienta económica sino como complemento de nuestra necesidad de dependencia social.
Comparacion de usabilidad y complejidad de frameworks
Authors: Espinoza Mina Marcos , Peralta Godoy Jorge
Published: March 2019

Actualmente, existen cientos de frameworks para producir contenido web en PHP (Hypertext Pre-Processor), tres se destacan, estos son: Symfony, CakePHP y Zend Framework; los cuales tienen la ventaja de tener licencias libres. En el presente trabajo se introdujo el concepto de framework, se estudió si es recomendable usarlo o no, sus ventajas y desventajas. El objetivo principal fue hacer un análisis de comparación documental sobre los frameworks antes mencionados, como opción para un desarrollo de calidad usando el lenguaje PHP. La investigación corresponde a un estudio bibliográfico de libros y múltiples artículos, que fueron analizados para cumplir con los objetivos del tema, y se constató las funcionalidades básicas de las tres herramientas con una aplicación elemental. Se determinó que ninguno de los frameworks supera en todas sus características a los demás, quedó demostrado que cada uno de ellos tiene fortalezas en múltiples áreas y queda a elección del usuario la que más le convenga.
El Trabajo Directivo y el ciclo de vida de las empresas familiares Pymes de la ciudad de Machala – Ecuador
Authors: Coca  Benitez Jorge , Ortiz Guevara Dolores del Rocío , Narváez Cumbicos Gonzalo
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación centró su estudio y análisis en el coyuntural proceso que se vive entre la sucesión de los Directivos (familiares), y el ciclo de vida de las pymes familiares de la ciudad de Machala - Ecuador, específicamente en el sector bananero por ser uno de los más importantes del país. Este estudio se realizó como una respuesta a aquella interrogante que se encuentra presenta siempre en el mercado de cuan duradera puede ser una empresa familiar una vez que enfrenta un cambio generacional a partir de la salida del fundador. Primeramente se realizó una vasta explicación teórica acerca de los diferentes modelos de empresas familiares adaptables a la sucesión de los Directivos y al ciclo de vida, posteriormente se hizo referencia del estudio realizado y finalmente se planteó una propuesta de un plan de sucesión adaptable a una pyme bananera. El método de investigación utilizado es de razonamiento cualitativo y la metodología será con un diseño descriptivo y correlacional a través de la recolección de información cuantitativa y cualitativa y su nivel de relación entre variables. Por último se concluye que existe una dependencia del ciclo de vida con respecto al relevo generacional de los Directivos que realizan las pymes familiares del sector bananero de la ciudad de Machala, por tal razón se debe contar con las herramientas adecuadas e importantes tales como el plan de sucesión, entre otros.
Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding
Authors: Dong Sha , Sun Xiaoli , Wang Zhiguo
Published: March 2019

Introducing anchoring materials into cathodes for Li–S batteries has been demonstrated as an effective way to overcome the shuttle effect and enhance the cycling stability. In this work, the anchoring effects of 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers for Li–S batteries were investigated by using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the binding energies of Li2Sx absorbed on 1T'-MoS2 monolayer are in the range of 0.31–2.94 eV, which is much higher than on the 2H-phase. The 1T'-MoS2 monolayer shows stronger trapping ability for Li2Sx than the 2H-MoS2 monolayer. The 1T'-MoS2 monolayer can be used as effective anchoring material in cathodes for Li–S batteries.
EFFECT OF AL2O3 NANOPARTICLES ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUIMNUM ALLOY (AL-4.5 WT% CU-1.5 WT% MG) FABRICATED BY POWDER METALLURGY
Authors: Khethier Abbass Muna , Finner Sultan Bassma
Published: March 2019

In this research the effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles on corrosion behavior of aluminum base alloy (Al-4.5 wt% Cu-1.5 wt% Mg) has been investigated. Nanocomopsites reinforced with variable contents of 1, 3 and 5 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles were fabricated using powder metallurgy. All samples were prepared from the base alloy powders under the best powder metallurgy processing conditions of 6 hr of mixing time, 450 MPa of compaction pressure and 560 °C of sintering temperature. Density and micro hardness measurements, and electrochemical corrosion tests are performed for all prepared samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature using potentiostate instrument. It has been found that density and micro hardness of the nanocomposite increase with increasing of wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles to Al matrix. It was found from Tafel extrapolation method that corrosion rates of the nanocomposites reinforced with alumina nanoparticles were lower than that of base alloy. From results of corrosion test by potentiodynamic cyclic polarization method, it was found the pitting corrosion resistance improves with adding of Al2O3 nanoparticles. It was noticed that the pits disappear and the hysteresis loop disappears also from anodic polarization curve.
SHEAR CAPACITY PREDICTION FOR STIRRUP-CORRODED RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH FRP
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed K.
Published: March 2019

Corrosion of steel reinforcement represents one of the main causes of deterioration and degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Shear reinforcements (stirrups) as an outer reinforcement in RC beams are more susceptible to corrosion problems and damage. This paper describes an analytical procedure for predicting the shear capacity of stirrup-corroded RC beams strengthened in shear using FRP laminates. The procedure shows how to incorporate the effects of the damages due to corrosion of stirrups into the design equations. An experimental investigation has been conducted to provide experimental data on the shear capacity of RC beams with corrosion-damaged stirrups strengthened using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The experimental study comprised three beams of 200 mm wide, 350 mm deep, and 2800 mm long. The steel stirrups in the beams were corroded using an accelerated corrosion technique. After CFRP strengthening, the beams were tested in four-point bending under a simply supported span of 2400 mm. The shear capacity of the strengthened beams was predicted using the proposed procedure and compared with the experimental ones. Good correlations were found between the predicted and experimental shear strength of the beams.
OPTIMIZATION OF SHIP SPEED AND FLEET DEPLOYMENT UNDER CARBON EMISSIONS POLICIES FOR CONTAINER SHIPPING
Authors: Xing Yuwei , Yang Hualong , Ma Xuefei , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2019

In this paper, under the consideration of two carbon emissions policies, the issues of optimizing ship speed and fleet deployment for container shipping were addressed. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model of ship speed and fleet deployment was established with the objective of minimising total weekly operating costs. A simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. An empirical analysis was conducted with the data selected from the benchmark suite. The applicability and effectiveness of the established model and its algorithm are verified by the results. According to the results, two policies of the cap-and-trade programme and the carbon tax can better optimize the results of the ship speed and fleet deployment problem to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions. The research remarks in this paper will provide a solution for container shipping companies to make optimized decisions under carbon emissions policies.
A Technique for Removing Large-scale Variations in Regularly and Irregularly Spaced Data
Authors: Cho Jungyeon
Published: March 2019

In many astrophysical systems, smooth large-scale variations coexist with small-scale fluctuations. For example, a large-scale velocity or density gradient can exist in molecular clouds that have small-scale fluctuations by turbulence. In redshifted 21 cm observations, we also have two types of signals—the Galactic foreground emissions that change smoothly and the redshifted 21 cm signals that fluctuate fast in frequency space. In many cases, the large-scale variations make it difficult to extract information on small-scale fluctuations. We propose a simple technique to remove smooth large-scale variations. Our technique relies on multi-point structure functions and can obtain the magnitudes of small-scale fluctuations. It can also be used to design filters that can remove large-scale variations and retrieve small-scale data. We discuss how to apply our technique to irregularly spaced data, such as rotation measure observations toward extragalactic radio point sources.
The Role of a Tiny Brightening in a Huge Geoeffective Solar Eruption Leading to the St. Patrick’s Day Storm
Authors: Bamba Yumi , Inoue Satoshi , Hayashi Keiji
Published: March 2019

The largest magnetic storm in solar cycle 24 was caused by a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) that was related to a small C9.1 flare that occurred on 2015 March 15 in solar active region (AR) NOAA 12297. The purpose of this study is to understand the onset mechanism of the geoeffective huge solar eruption. We focused on the C2.4 flare that occurred prior to the C9.1 flare of the filament eruption. The magnetic field structure in the AR was complicated: there were several filaments, including the one that erupted and caused the CME. We hence carefully investigated the photospheric magnetic field, brightenings observed in the solar atmosphere, and the 3D coronal magnetic field extrapolated from nonlinear force-free field modeling, using data from Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory. We found three intriguing points. (1) There was a compact but noticeably highly twisted magnetic field structure that is represented by a small filament in the C2.4 flaring region, where a tiny precursor brightening (PB) was observed before the C2.4 flare. (2) The C2.4 flaring region is located in the vicinity of a foot point of the closed field that prohibits the filament from erupting. (3) The filament shows a sudden eruption after the C2.4 flare and the accompanying small filament eruption. From our analysis, we suggest that a small magnetic disturbance that was represented by the tiny PB at the time of the C2.4 flare is related to the trigger of the huge filament eruption.
A Systematic Study of Superluminous Supernova Light-curve Models Using Clustering
Authors: Chatzopoulos E. , Tuminello Richard
Published: March 2019

Superluminous supernova (SLSN) light curves exhibit superior diversity compared to their regular-luminosity counterparts in terms of rise and decline timescales, peak luminosities, and overall shapes. It remains unclear whether this striking variety arises due to a dominant power input mechanism involving many underlying parameters or due to contributions by different progenitor channels. In this work, we propose that a systematic quantitative study of SLSN light-curve timescales and shape properties, such as symmetry around peak luminosity, can be used to characterize these enthralling stellar explosions. We find that applying clustering analysis to the properties of model SLSN light curves, powered by either a magnetar spindown or a supernova ejecta–circumstellar matter interaction mechanism, can yield a distinction between the two, especially in terms of light-curve symmetry. We show that most events in the observed SLSN sample with well-constrained light curves and early detections are strongly associated with clusters dominated by circumstellar interaction models. Magnetar spindown models also show association at a lower degree but have difficulty in reproducing fast evolving and fully symmetric light curves. We believe this is due to the truncated nature of the circumstellar interaction shock energy input compared to decreasing but continuous power input sources like magnetar spindown and radioactive 56Ni decay. Our study demonstrates the importance of clustering analysis in characterizing SLSNe based on high-cadence photometric observations that will be made available in the near future by surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Zwicky Transient Facility, and Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System.
Surgical Delay Is Not Warranted for Patients With Hip Fractures Receiving Non-Warfarin Anticoagulants
Authors: Lott Ariana , Haglin Jack , Belayneh Rebekah , Konda Sanjit R. , Leucht Philipp , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients with hip fractures receiving antiplatelet and direct oral anticoagulants treated within 48 hours of admission had worse surgical and clinical outcomes than those whose surgery was delayed more than 48 hours. Consecutive patients 55 years and older with an operatively treated hip fracture were analyzed. Patients receiving the following anticoagulants were included: antiplatelet drugs, factor Xa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors. Outcomes included surgical blood loss, procedure time, transfusion requirement, length of stay, complication rate, and need for intensive care unit or step-down unit level care. Patients who underwent surgery within 48 hours of presentation were compared with patients whose surgery was delayed more than 48 hours. Of 551 consecutive operative hip fracture patients, 78 (14.2%) were receiving the anticoagulant medications included in this study. Of these 78 patients, 58 had surgery within 48 hours and 20 had surgery after 48 hours. When comparing the early and delayed fixation cohorts, there was no difference in transfusion requirement, length of surgery, or blood loss. Type of anticoagulant made no difference in transfusion requirement, blood loss, or length of surgery. There was also no difference in the mean number of complications or in the need for intensive care unit or step-down unit level care. In this study, patients receiving antiplatelet therapy, factor Xa inhibitors, or direct thrombin inhibitors who underwent surgical fixation of their hip fracture within 48 hours of admission were at no higher risk for transfusion, increased surgical blood loss, longer operative time, or inpatient mortality. [
Orthopedics.
2019; 42(3):e331–e335.]
Failure Patterns of Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation in Young Patients
Authors: Stockton David J. , Dua Karan , O'Brien Peter J. , Pollak Andrew N. , Hoshino C. Max , Slobogean Gerard P.
Published: March 2019

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the failure patterns of femoral neck fracture fixation in young patients. The secondary purpose was to determine if pattern of failure varies by type of implant. Adult patients (age range, 18–55 years) who experienced a “fixation failure” following internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture were identified from 5 level 1 trauma centers. Failure was defined by screw cutout, implant breakage, varus collapse (<120° neck-shaft angle), or severe fracture shortening (≥1 cm). When multiple complications were identified, mechanical failures were preferentially noted for the analysis. Failure patterns were compared between patients who received multiple cancellous screws and patients who received a sliding hip screw plus a derotation screw. Severe fracture shortening was the most common complication identified (61%). No differences in the incidence of severe shortening (
P
=.750) or implant breakage (
P
=1.000) were detected between the fixation groups. However, among the failures with a sliding hip screw plus a derotation screw construct, a greater portion were related to screw cutout (38% for a sliding hip screw plus a derotation screw vs 7% for screws,
P
=.019). Failures with multiple screws were associated with varus collapse (25% for screws vs 0% for a sliding hip screw plus a derotation screw,
P
=.037). Severe shortening was the most common fixation failure. Sliding hip screw plus derotation screw implants were associated with screw cutout. Multiple cancellous screw implants failed by varus collapse. Selecting a surgical implant based on its likely failure pattern may allow surgeons to minimize the severity of failure or the need for secondary conversion to hip arthroplasty. [
Orthopedics.
2019; 42(4):e376–e380.]
La dinámica del paisaje en la Sierra del Aramo (Macizo Central Asturiano): procesos naturales y antrópicos
Authors: Beato Bergua Salvador , Poblete Piedrabuena Miguel Ángel , Marino Alfonso José Luis
Published: March 2019

Se analizan los procesos naturales y antrópicos que intervienen en la dinámica del paisaje de la Sierra del Aramo, en especial la dinámica de laderas y el calentamiento atmosférico, así como el despoblamiento y los cambios de usos del suelo en los medios de montaña. La metodología ha combinado el trabajo de campo, la fotointerpretación de imágenes aéreas, el análisis de datos climáticos, fuentes demográficas y agrarias. El despoblamiento y el abandono de las actividades tradicionales explican la disminución de los pastizales. No obstante, la intensidad de los aludes de nieve actuales interfiere en buena medida en la recuperación de los bosques. En efecto, 3,7 km2 de la Sierra del Aramo se hallan deforestados por la recurrencia de tales avalanchas. Se muestra, por tanto, la relevancia de los aludes de nieve en la dinámica del paisaje de las montañas medias en las latitudes templadas.
Introduction of the nudging method in penitentiary facilities in Italy in view of food waste reduction: Preliminary data
Authors: Milicevic Vesna , La Ginestra Rosa , Castrica Marta , Ratti Sabrina , Balzaretti Claudia M. , Colavita Giampaolo
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze different aspects of food waste in the specific context of prisons by introducing the nudging method, thanks to the collaboration of District House and Prison of Larino (Italy) involving staff and guests of the penitentiary structure, providing them with the knowledge of the topic and encouraging them to propose creative and effective solutions to prevent and reduce food waste. The study involved n. 50 participants out of total of about 200 prisoners. Data were collected using n.3 questionnaires related to the knowledge of food waste food, the second related to the origin of consumed and food waste and the third collected the participants’ proposals how to reduce food waste. The results show that effects of nudging has awakened the prisoners’ conscience about the social, ethical and economic importance of reducing food waste and a proactive attitude in providing proposals for the reduction of food waste. The most wasted food is bread (35%), pasta (27%) and fresh fruit (20%), provided by the administration because they are considered of inferior quality or prepared and cooked badly. The overwhelming majority (96%) of the participants showed sensitivity about the ethical and economic reasons behind the fight against food waste, making themselves available to contribute to its reduction and suggesting some initiatives. The data collected from the questionnaires related to the causes of waste indicate the need to implement actions aimed at the correct conservation of food and the promotion of good hygiene practices.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Availability of Azithromycin in Local Pharmacies and Associated Antibiotic Resistance in Communities in Kilosa District, Tanzania
Authors: Ansah Derick , Weaver Jerusha , Munoz Beatriz , Bloch Evan M. , Coles Christian L. , Lietman Thomas , West Sheila K.
Published: March 2019

Mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma control using azithromycin has generated concern for the development of resistant organisms. However, the contribution from azithromycin available in local pharmacies has not been studied. In Kilosa district, Tanzania, MDA stopped over 4 years ago, and this study sought to determine the availability of azithromycin in local pharmacies and correlate it with azithromycin resistance in children born after MDA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 644 randomly selected hamlets in Kilosa district, in which the presence of a pharmacy and the availability of azithromycin and erythromycin were determined. In 30 randomly selected hamlets, a random sample of 60 children less than 5 years were tested for azithromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and Escherichia coli (Ec), from nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs, based on disk diffusion criteria. Only 26.6% of hamlets had a pharmacy. Azithromycin and erythromycin were available in 30.8% and 89.1% of pharmacies closest to the hamlets, respectively. In the 30 communities tested for resistance, the overall prevalence of azithromycin-resistant Spn isolates was 14%. Six of seven (87%) hamlets where azithromycin was available had resistant Spn, compared with 14 of 23 (61%) hamlets without availability. Similarly, six of seven (87%) hamlets where azithromycin was available had resistant Ec isolates compared with 21 of 23 (70%) hamlets without availability. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.46 and 0.49, respectively). The availability of azithromycin in pharmacies in the district was limited, and a strong correlation with azithromycin-resistant Spn or Ec was not observed.
Overweight, Obesity, and Older Age Favor Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Household Contacts in Low Tuberculosis-Incidence Settings within Panama
Authors: Cubilla-Batista Idalina , Ruiz Nadia , Sambrano Dilcia , Castillo Juan , de Quinzada Markela O. , Gasteluiturri Begoña , Goodridge Amador
Published: March 2019

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains the main source of new active tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. Household close contacts (HCCs) are at high risk of acquiring LTBI and subsequent development of TB. In this study, we aim to identify risk factors associated with LTBI in HCCs of TB patients living in a low TB-incidence setting. Our results revealed that HCCs who are aged more than 50 years (OR = 4.05) and overweight (OR = 15.3) are at higher risk of acquiring LTBI. None of these LTBI household contacts progressed to active TB. These findings suggest that HCCs who are young adults and children with normal and low body mass index are less likely to acquire LTBI after exposure to TB patients, even in low TB-incidence settings.
Two Simple Requirements for Deterrence of Traffic Jam and Its Verification and Practical Use
Authors: Oku Hideaki
Published: March 2019

This paper tries to give a new point of view that shows what should be controlled to avoid or reduce or possibly eliminate the traffic jam. First, it is shown that 1) Keeping appropriate distance between cars even when they are in low speed or stopping condition, 2) All cars should start with no delay, are 2 requirements for avoiding traffic jam and these ideas would not be provided by AI only with vast scale learning of general traffic. Next, 2 requirements for avoiding traffic jam are verified by experiments on the test course with using 10 cars in various conditions of distance between cars by 3 measurement methods complemented each other. Then, as a practice, it is reported how it can be explained and how it should be solved the problem of the place where traffic jam occurs frequently in Japan being applied the 2 simple requirements. And finally, it is suggested that all cars should be equipped the device that warns less distance and start timing to the following car that is easily implemented to safety cars, and vast reservation system should be adopted to expressway to limit numbers of cars on safe ground that is theoretically derived from the 2 simple requirement for deterrence of traffic jam discussed on this paper.
Para los pájaros
Authors: Martínez Ballester José Juan
Published: March 2019

Establecemos aquí una analogía entre diversas creaciones artísticas no dirigidas a ser percibidas por seres humanos, sino bien por otros animales, seres extraterrestres o incluso deidades. Asimismo la autoría de estas creaciones no es realizada por profesionales del mundo del arte, sino de otras ramas del conocimiento como puedan ser la agricultura o la astronomía, o simplemente gestadas de forma amateur.
De las figuras sintéticas
Authors: Adsuara Alberto
Published: March 2019

Análisis de la imagen sintética y de las intenciones de sus productores con el abandono de los cauces de reconocimiento habituales de los circuitos artísticos. Lo que parece interesar a los nuevos creadores de imágenes sintéticas ya no es la realidad y su posible dislocación, sino el fin mismo de esa realidad, su final, su desaparición. Para lograr sustituir la realidad por “otra cosa”, recurren, paradójicamente, a un paradigma perceptivo/representativo que parecía periclitado, el hiper-realismo. Sólo que en esta caso se trata de un hiperrealismo de lo inexistente, un hiperrealismo fantástico, y lo hacen desprovistos de compromiso -crítico- alguno y desprovistos de angustia alguna, la que desapareció con la sustitución definitiva de la Metafísica por la Tecnología (en la Era Digital)
Deposition of ionic species and black carbon to the Arctic snow pack: Combining snow pit observations with modeling
Authors: Jacobi Hans-Werner , Obleitner Friedrich , Da Costa Sophie , Ginot Patrick , Eleftheriadis Kostas , Aas Wenche , Zanatta Marco
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Although aerosols in the Arctic have multiple and complex impacts on the regional climate, their removal due to deposition is still not well quantified. We combined meteorological, aerosol, precipitation, and snow pack observations with simulations to derive information about the deposition of sea salt components and black carbon (BC) from November 2011 to April 2012 to the Arctic snow pack at two locations close to Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The dominating role of sea salt and the contribution of dust for the composition of atmospheric aerosols were reflected in the seasonal composition of the snow pack. The strong alignment of the concentrations of the major sea salt components in the aerosols, the precipitation, and the snow pack is linked to the importance of wet deposition for the transfer from the atmosphere to the snow pack. This agreement was less strong for monthly snow budgets and deposition indicating important relocation of the impurities inside the snow pack after deposition. Wet deposition was less important for the transfer of nitrate, non sea salt-sulfate, and BC to the snow during the winter period. The average BC concentration in the snow pack remains small with a limited impact on snow albedo and melting. Nevertheless, the observations also indicate an important redistribution of BC in the snowpack leading to layers with enhanced concentrations. The complex behavior of bromide due to modifications during the sea salt aerosol formation and remobilization in the atmosphere and in the snow were not resolved due to the lack of measurements in aerosols and precipitation.
Chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrical discharge ion source for atmospheric trace gas measurement
Authors: Eger Philipp G. , Helleis Frank , Schuster Gerhard , Phillips Gavin J. , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a chemical ionization quadrupole mass
spectrometer (CI-QMS) with a radio-frequency (RF) discharge ion source through
N2∕CH3I as a source of primary ions. In addition to the expected
detection of PAN, peracetic acid (PAA) and ClNO2 through well-established
ion–molecule reactions with I− and its water cluster, the instrument is
also sensitive to SO2, HCl and acetic acid (CH3C(O)OH) through
additional ion chemistry unique to our ion source. We present ionization
schemes for detection of SO2, HCl and acetic acid along with
illustrative datasets from three different field campaigns underlining the
potential of the CI-QMS with an RF discharge ion source as an alternative to
210Po. The additional sensitivity to SO2 and HCl makes the CI-QMS
suitable for investigating the role of sulfur and chlorine chemistry in the
polluted marine and coastal boundary layer.
Accuracy Assessment of MODIS Land Aerosol Optical
Thickness Algorithms using AERONET Measurements
Authors: Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar , Yoshida Yasuko
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The planned simultaneous availability of visible and near-IR observations from the geostationary platforms of Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) and GOES R/S Advanced Base Imager (ABI) will present the opportunity of deriving an accurate aerosol product taking advantage of both ABI's high spatial resolution in the visible and TEMPO's sensitivity to aerosol absorption in the near-UV. Because ABI's spectral coverage is similar to that of MODIS, currently used MODIS aerosol algorithms can be applied to ABI observations. In this work, we evaluate existing MODIS algorithms of that derive aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over land surfaces using visible and near-IR observations. The Dark Target (DT), Deep Blue (DB), and Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithms are all applied to Aqua-MODIS radiance measurements. We have carried out an independent evaluation of each algorithm by comparing the retrieved AOT to space-time collocated ground-based sunphotometer measurements of the same parameter at 171 sites of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) over North America (NA). A spatiotemporal scheme co-locating the satellite retrievals with the ground-based measurements was applied consistently to all three retrieval datasets. We find that while the statistical performance of all three algorithms is comparable over darker surfaces over eastern NA, the MAIAC algorithm provides relatively better comparison over western NA sites characterized by inhomogeneous elevation and bright surfaces. MAIAC's finer product resolution (1 km), allows a substantially larger number of matchups than DB 10-km and DT 10-km (DT 3-km) products by 108 % and 125 % (83 %) respectively over Eastern NA, and by 144 % and 220 % (195 %) over Western NA. The characterization of error in AOT for the three aerosol products as a function of MAIAC-retrieved bi-directional surface reflectance shows a systematic positive bias in DT retrievals over brighter surfaces, whereas DB and MAIAC retrievals showed no such bias throughout the wide range of surface brightness with MAIAC offering lowest spread in errors. The results reported here represent an objective, unbiased evaluation of existing over-land aerosol retrieval algorithms of MODIS. The detailed statistical evaluation of the performance of each of these three algorithms may be used as guidance in the development of inversion schemes to derive aerosol properties from ABI or other MODIS-like sensors.
Air–Sea Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases and Oxygen in the Northern Benguela Current Region During Upwelling Events
Authors: Morgan Eric J. , Lavric Jost V. , Arévalo-Martínez Damian L. , Bange Hermann W. , Steinhoff Tobias , Seifert Thomas , Heimann Martin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Ground-based atmospheric observations of CO2, δ(O2/N2), N2O, and CH4 were used to make top-down estimates of the air–sea fluxes of these species from the Lüderitz and Walvis Bay upwelling cells in the northern Benguela region, during upwelling events. Average flux densities (±1σ) were 0.64 ± 0.4 μmol m−2 sec−1 for CO2, −5.1 ± 1.4 μmol m−2 sec−1 for O2 (as APO), 0.57 ± 0.3 nmol m−2 sec−1 for N2O, and 4.3 ± 5.5 nmol m−2 sec−1 for CH4. A comparison of our top-down flux estimates with shipboard-based measurements showed good agreement between both approaches. During the study, upwelling events were sources of CO2, N2O, and CH4 to the atmosphere. N2O fluxes were fairly low, in accordance with previous work suggesting that the evasion of this gas from the Benguela is smaller than for other Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). Conversely, CH4 release was quite high for the marine environment, a result that supports studies that indicated a large sedimentary source of CH4 in the Walvis Bay area. These results demonstrate the suitability of atmospheric time series for characterizing the temporal variability of upwelling events and their influence on the overall marine GHG emissions from the northern Benguela region.
In-situ Calibration of Offsetting Magnetometer Feedback Transients on the Cassiope Spacecraft
Authors: Miles David M. , Howarth Andrew D. , Enno Greg A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present an in-situ calibration process to derive the transient behaviour of the offsetting fluxgate magnetometer (MGF) instruments on the Cassiope spacecraft. The dynamic behaviour of the MGF changed on-orbit following a software update. Characterising the new instrument dynamics during normal spacecraft operations and then removing the transients was confounded by significant magnetic interference from the reaction wheels used to orient the spacecraft. Special operations were performed where data was taken in a safe-hold mode, with the reaction wheels stopped, following a single-event upset of the spacecraft bus flight computer after transiting the South Atlantic Anomaly. The slow single-axis rotation of the safe-hold mode was used to characterize the fluxgate's new feedback dynamics. This characterisation process was then adapted for routine operation intervals with slow reaction wheel rates to allow the transient behaviour to be characterized over long intervals of data spanning a wide range of temperatures. Subtracting these characterized transients from the flight data improves the instrument's noise floor and allows the instrument to accurately track rapidly changing local fields without loss of measurement fidelity. More generally, this characterisation process should apply to other situations where the dynamics of an offsetting instrument must be calibrated in-situ.
Unraveling the hydrological budget of isolated and seasonally contrasted subtropical lakes
Authors: Poulin Chloé , Hamelin Bruno , Vallet-Coulomb Christine , Amngar Guinbe , Loukman Bichara , Cretaux Jean-François , Doumnang Jean-Claude , Mahamat Nour Abdallah , Menot Guillemette , Sylvestre Florence , Deschamps Pierre
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Complete understanding of the hydrological functioning of large-scale intertropical watersheds such as the Lake Chad basin is becoming a high priority in the context of climate change in the near future and increasing demographic pressure. This requires integrated studies of all surface water and groundwater bodies and of their quite-complex interconnections. We present here a simple method for estimating the annual mean water balance of sub-Sahelian lakes subject to high seasonal contrast and located in isolated regions with no road access during the rainy season, a situation which precludes continuous monitoring of in situ hydrological data. Our study focuses for the first time on two lakes, Iro and Fitri, located in the eastern basin of Lake Chad. We also test the approach on Lake Ihotry in Madagascar, used as a benchmark site that has previously been extensively studied by our group. We combine the δ18O and δ2H data that we measured during the dry season with altimetry data from the SARAL satellite mission in order to model the seasonal variation of lake volume and isotopic composition. The annual water budget is then estimated from mass balance equations using the Craig–Gordon model for evaporation. We first show that the closed-system behavior of Lake Ihotry (i.e., precipitation equal to evaporation) is well simulated by the model. For lakes Iro and Fitri, we calculate evaporation to influx ratios (E∕I) of 0.6±0.3 and 0.4±0.2, respectively. In the case of the endorheic Lake Fitri, the estimated output flux corresponds to the infiltration of surface water toward the surface aquifer that regulates the chemistry of the lake. These results constitute a first-order assessment of the water budget of these lakes, in regions where direct hydrological and meteorological observations are very scarce or altogether lacking. Finally, we discuss the implications of our data on the hydro-climatic budget at the scale of the catchment basins. We observe that the local evaporation lines (LELs) obtained on both lake and aquifer systems are slightly offset from the average rainfall isotopic composition monitored by IAEA at N'Djamena (Chad), and we show that this difference may reflect the impact of vegetation transpiration on the basin water budget. Based on the discussion of the mass balance budget we conclude that, while being broadly consistent with the idea that transpiration is on the same order of magnitude as evaporation in those basins, we cannot derive a more precise estimate of the partition between these two fluxes, owing to the large uncertainties of the different end-members in the budget equations.
Characterization of bottom sediment resuspension events observed in a micro-tidal bay
Authors: Grifoll Manel , Cerralbo Pablo , Guillén Jorge , Espino Manuel , Hansen Lars Boye , Sánchez-Arcilla Agustín
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this study we investigate the variability in
near-bottom turbidity in Alfacs Bay (in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea). The bay is
characterized by a micro-tidal environment and seiching activity
that may lead to flow velocities of more than 50 cm s−1. A set
of current meters and optical sensors were mounted near the sea bottom to
acquire synchronous hydrodynamic and optical information from the water
column. The time-series observations showed an evident relation between
seiche activity and sediment resuspension events. The observations of
turbidity peaks are consistent with the node–antinode location of the
fundamental and first resonance periods of the bay. The implementation of a
coupled wave–current numerical model shows strong spatial variability of
the potential resuspension locations. Strong wind events are also a
mechanism responsible for the resuspension of fine sediment within the bay.
This is confirmed by suspended sediment concentration maps derived from
Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. We suggest that the sequence of resuspension
events plays an important role in the suspended sediment concentration,
meaning that the occurrence of sediment resuspension events may increase the
suspended sediment in subsequent events. The suspended sediment events
likely affect the ecological status of the bay and the sedimentary process
over a long-term period.
Brief communication: Collapse of 4 Mm3 of ice from a cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina
Authors: Falaschi Daniel , Kääb Andreas , Paul Frank , Tadono Takeo , Rivera Juan Antonio , Lenzano Luis Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Among glacier instabilities, collapses of large parts of low-angle glaciers are a striking, exceptional phenomenon. So far, merely the 2002 collapse of Kolka Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains and the 2016 twin detachments of the Aru glaciers in western Tibet have been well documented. Here we report on the previously unnoticed collapse of an unnamed cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina in March 2007. Although of much smaller ice volume, this 4.2±0.6×106 m3 collapse in the Andes is similar to the Caucasus and Tibet ones in that the resulting ice avalanche travelled a total distance of ∼2 km over a surprisingly low angle of reach (∼5∘).
Narrativas do Contato e Demandas por Uma Formação Superior em Língua Macuxi em Roraima
Authors: Ferreira Paulo Fernando De Lucena Borges
Published: March 2019

RESUMO

 

Este estudo tem por finalidade compreender melhor como se deram os primeiros contatos com a Língua Macuxi em três profissionais distintos. Para cumprir esse propósito fora selecionada bibliografia atinente ao diálogo teórico com o tema, como a exemplo de Polak (1989), Ong (1998), Bruner (2004), Maher (2007), Repetto (2008), Santos (2011). Já em moldes quantitativos de composição de dados e com auxílio de entrevista composta de cinco perguntas gravadas e respondidas utilizando aplicativo de rede social. Essas informações foram suficientes para a satisfação os objetivos delimitados na pesquisa. Compreender essa realidade pode possibilitar melhor entendimento sobre narrativas que ajudem a identificar os contextos de contato com a Língua Indígena Macuxi em Roraima e identificar possibilidades geradoras de uma demanda por um Curso Superior de Língua Macuxi na UFRR.

Palavras-chave: Língua Macuxi. Narrativa. Formação Superior.