bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR CANDIDATES. VI. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS FROM TNG, WHT, OAN, SOAR, AND MAGELLAN TELESCOPES
Authors: Álvarez Crespo N. , Massaro F. , Milisavljevic D. , Landoni M. , Chavushyan V. , Patiño-Álvarez V. , Masetti N. , Jiménez-Bailón E. , Strader J. , Chomiuk L. , Katagiri H. , Kagaya M. , Cheung C. C. , Paggi A. , D’Abrusco R. , Ricci F. , La Franca F. , Smith Howard A. , Tosti G.
Published: March 2016

Blazars, one of the most extreme classes of active galaxies, constitute so far the largest known population of γ-ray sources, and their number is continuously growing in the Fermi catalogs. However, in the latest release of the Fermi catalog there is still a large fraction of sources that are classified as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs) for which optical spectroscopic observations are necessary to confirm their nature and their associations. In addition, about one-third of the γ-ray point sources listed in the Third Fermi-LAT Source Catalog (3FGL) are still unassociated and lacking an assigned lower-energy counterpart. Since 2012 we have been carrying out an optical spectroscopic campaign to observe blazar candidates to confirm their nature. In this paper, the sixth of the series, we present optical spectroscopic observations for 30 γ-ray blazar candidates from different observing programs we carried out with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, William Herschel Telescope, Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, and Magellan Telescopes. We found that 21 out of 30 sources investigated are BL Lac objects, while the remaining targets are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars showing the typical broad emission lines of normal quasi-stellar objects. We conclude that our selection of γ-ray blazar candidates based on their multifrequency properties continues to be a successful way to discover potential low-energy counterparts of the Fermi unidentified gamma-ray sources and to confirm the nature of BCUs.
DISCOVERY OF AN ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXY IN THE PISCES-PERSEUS SUPERCLUSTER
Authors: Martínez-Delgado David , Läsker Ronald , Sharina Margarita , Toloba Elisa , Fliri Jürgen , Beaton Rachael , Valls-Gabaud David , Karachentsev Igor D. , Chonis Taylor S. , Grebel Eva K. , Forbes Duncan A. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Gallego-Laborda J. , Teuwen Karel , Gómez-Flechoso M. A. , Wang Jie , Guhathakurta Puragra , Kaisin Serafim , Ho Nhung
Published: March 2016

We report the discovery of DGSAT I, an ultra-diffuse, quenched galaxy located 10.°4 in projection from the Andromeda galaxy (M31). This low-surface brightness galaxy (μ

V
= 24.8 mag arcsec−2), found with a small amateur telescope, appears unresolved in sub-arcsecond archival Subaru/Suprime-Cam images, and hence has been missed by optical surveys relying on resolved star counts, in spite of its relatively large effective radius (R

e
(V) = 12″) and proximity (15′) to the well-known dwarf spheroidal galaxy And II. Its red color (V − I = 1.0), shallow Sérsic index (n

V
= 0.68), and the absence of detectable Hα emission are typical properties of dwarf spheroidal galaxies and suggest that it is mainly composed of old stars. Initially interpreted as an interesting case of an isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the local universe, our radial velocity measurement obtained with the BTA 6 m telescope (V

h
= 5450 ± 40 km s−1) shows that this system is an M31-background galaxy associated with the filament of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster. At the distance of this cluster (∼78 Mpc), DGSAT I would have an R

e
 ∼ 4.7 kpc and M

V
 ∼ −16.3. Its properties resemble those of the ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) recently discovered in the Coma cluster. DGSAT I is the first case of these rare UDGs found in this galaxy cluster. Unlike the UDGs associated with the Coma and Virgo clusters, DGSAT I is found in a much lower density environment, which provides a fresh constraint on the formation mechanisms for this intriguing class of galaxy.
OUTFLOW-CONFINED H ii REGIONS. I. FIRST SIGNPOSTS OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION
Authors: Tanaka Kei E. I. , Tan Jonathan C. , Zhang Yichen
Published: March 2016

We present an evolutionary sequence of models of the photoionized disk-wind outflow around forming massive stars based on the Core Accretion model. The outflow is expected to be the first structure to be ionized by the protostar and can confine the expansion of the H ii region, especially in lateral directions in the plane of the accretion disk. The ionizing luminosity increases as Kelvin–Helmholz contraction proceeds, and the H ii region is formed when the stellar mass reaches ∼10–

depending on the initial cloud core properties. Although some part of the outer disk surface remains neutral due to shielding by the inner disk and the disk wind, almost the whole of the outflow is ionized in 103–

after initial H ii region formation. Having calculated the extent and temperature structure of the H ii region within the immediate protostellar environment, we then make predictions for the strength of its free–free continuum and recombination line emission. The free–free radio emission from the ionized outflow has a flux density of ∼(20–200) 

for a source at a distance of 1 kpc with a spectral index p ≃ 0.4–0.7, and the apparent size is typically ∼500 AU at 10 GHz. The

line profile has a width of about

. These properties of our model are consistent with observed radio winds and jets around forming massive protostars.
THE H i CONTENT OF THE UNIVERSE OVER THE PAST 10 GYR
Authors: Neeleman Marcel , Prochaska J. Xavier , Ribaudo Joseph , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , Rafelski Marc , Kanekar Nissim
Published: March 2016

We use the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive of ultraviolet (UV) quasar spectroscopy to conduct the first blind survey for damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) at low redshift (

). Our statistical sample includes 463 quasars with spectral coverage spanning a total redshift path

or an absorption path

. Within this survey path, we identify 4 DLAs defined as absorbers with H i column density

cm−2, which implies an incidence per absorption length

at a median survey path redshift of z = 0.623. While our estimate of

is lower than earlier estimates at

from H i 21 cm emission studies, the results are consistent within the measurement uncertainties. Our data set is too small to properly sample the

frequency distribution function

, but the observed distribution agrees with previous estimates at

. Adopting the

shape of

, we infer an H i mass density at

of

. This is significantly lower than previous estimates from targeted DLA surveys with the HST, but consistent with results from low-z H i 21 cm observations, and suggests that the neutral gas density of the universe has been decreasing over the past 10 Gyr.
RADIO POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS OF THE SNAIL: A CRUSHED PULSAR WIND NEBULA IN G327.1–1.1 WITH A HIGHLY ORDERED MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Ma Y. K. , Ng C.-Y. , Bucciantini N. , Slane P. O. , Gaensler B. M. , Temim T.
Published: March 2016

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are suggested to be acceleration sites of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. While the magnetic field plays an important role in the acceleration process, previous observations of magnetic field configurations of PWNe are rare, particularly for evolved systems. We present a radio polarization study of the “Snail” PWN inside the supernova remnant G327.1−1.1 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. This PWN is believed to have been recently crushed by the supernova (SN) reverse shock. The radio morphology is composed of a main circular body with a finger-like protrusion. We detected a strong linear polarization signal from the emission, which reflects a highly ordered magnetic field in the PWN and is in contrast to the turbulent environment with a tangled magnetic field generally expected from hydrodynamical simulations. This could suggest that the characteristic turbulence scale is larger than the radio beam size. We built a toy model to explore this possibility, and found that a simulated PWN with a turbulence scale of about one-eighth to one-sixth of the nebula radius and a pulsar wind filling factor of 50%–75% provides the best match to observations. This implies substantial mixing between the SN ejecta and pulsar wind material in this system.
THE NONPOTENTIALITY OF CORONAE OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS, THE DYNAMICS OF THE SURFACE MAGNETIC FIELD, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR LARGE FLARES
Authors: Schrijver Carolus J.
Published: March 2016

Flares and eruptions from solar active regions (ARs) are associated with atmospheric electrical currents accompanying distortions of the coronal field away from a lowest-energy potential state. In order to better understand the origin of these currents and their role in M- and X-class flares, I review all AR observations made with Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly from 2010 May through 2014 October within ≈40° from the disk center. I select the roughly 4% of all regions that display a distinctly nonpotential coronal configuration in loops with a length comparable to the scale of the AR, and all that emit GOES X-class flares. The data for 41 regions confirm, with a single exception, that strong-field, high-gradient polarity inversion lines (SHILs) created during emergence of magnetic flux into, and related displacement within, pre-existing ARs are associated with X-class flares. Obvious nonpotentiality in the AR-scale loops occurs in six of ten selected regions with X-class flares, all with relatively long SHILs along their primary polarity inversion line, or with a long internal filament there. Nonpotentiality can exist in ARs well past the flux-emergence phase, often with reduced or absent flaring. I conclude that the dynamics of the flux involved in the compact SHILs is of pre-eminent importance for the large-flare potential of ARs within the next day, but that their associated currents may not reveal themselves in AR-scale nonpotentiality. In contrast, AR-scale nonpotentiality, which can persist for many days, may inform us about the eruption potential other than those from SHILs which is almost never associated with X-class flaring.
THE ECCENTRICITY DISTRIBUTION OF SHORT-PERIOD PLANET CANDIDATES DETECTED BY KEPLER IN OCCULTATION
Authors: Shabram Megan , Demory Brice-Olivier , Cisewski Jessi , Ford Eric B. , Rogers Leslie
Published: March 2016

We characterize the eccentricity distribution of a sample of ∼50 short-period planet candidates using transit and occultation measurements from NASA’s Kepler Mission. First, we evaluate the sensitivity of our hierarchical Bayesian modeling and test its robustness to model misspecification using simulated data. When analyzing actual data assuming a Rayleigh distribution for eccentricity, we find that the posterior mode for the dispersion parameter is

. We find that a two-component Gaussian mixture model for e cos ω and e sin ω provides a better model than either a Rayleigh or Beta distribution. Based on our favored model, we find that ∼90% of planet candidates in our sample come from a population with an eccentricity distribution characterized by a small dispersion (∼0.01), and ∼10% come from a population with a larger dispersion (∼0.22). Finally, we investigate how the eccentricity distribution correlates with selected planet and host star parameters. We find evidence that suggests systems around higher metallicity stars and planet candidates with smaller radii come from a more complex eccentricity distribution.
DUST ATTENUATION OF THE NEBULAR REGIONS OF z ∼ 2 STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: INSIGHT FROM UV, IR, AND EMISSION LINES
Authors: De Barros S. , Reddy N. , Shivaei I.
Published: March 2016

We use a sample of 149 spectroscopically confirmed UV-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2 to investigate the relative dust attenuation of the stellar continuum and the nebular emission lines. For each galaxy in the sample, at least one rest-frame optical emission line (Hα/[N ii] λ6583 or [O iii] λ5007) measurement has been taken from the litterature, and 41 galaxies have additional Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm observations that are used to infer infrared luminosities. We use a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code that predicts nebular line strengths when fitting the stellar populations of galaxies in our sample, and we perform comparisons between the predictions of our models and the observed/derived physical quantities. We find that on average our code is able to reproduce all the physical quantities (e.g., UV β slopes, infrared luminosities, emission line fluxes), but we need to apply a higher dust correction to the nebular emission compared to the stellar emission for the largest star formation rate (SFR) (log SFR/M
⊙ yr−1 > 1.82, Salpeter initial mass function). We find a correlation between SFR and the difference in nebular and stellar color excesses, which could resolve the discrepant results regarding nebular dust correction at z ∼ 2 from previous studies.
DYNAMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A LATE FORMATION OF SATURN’S MOONS
Authors: Ćuk Matija , Dones Luke , Nesvorný David
Published: March 2016

We explore the past evolution of Saturn’s moons using direct numerical integrations. We find that the past Tethys–Dione 3:2 orbital resonance predicted in standard models likely did not occur, implying that the system is less evolved than previously thought. On the other hand, the orbital inclinations of Tethys, Dione, and Rhea suggest that the system did cross the Dione–Rhea 5:3 resonance, which is closely followed by a Tethys–Dione secular resonance. A clear implication is that either the moons are significantly younger than the planet or their tidal evolution must be extremely slow (Q > 80,000). As an extremely slow evolving system is incompatible with intense tidal heating of Enceladus, we conclude that the moons interior to Titan are not primordial, and we present a plausible scenario for the system’s recent formation. We propose that the midsized moons re-accreted from a disk about 100 Myr ago, during which time Titan acquired its significant orbital eccentricity. We speculate that this disk has formed through orbital instability and massive collisions involving the previous generation of Saturn’s midsized moons. We identify the solar evection resonance perturbing a pair of midsized moons as the most likely trigger of such an instability. This scenario implies that most craters on the moons interior to Titan must have been formed by planetocentric impactors.
YOUNG GALAXY CANDIDATES IN THE HUBBLE FRONTIER FIELDS. III. MACS J0717.5+3745
Authors: Laporte N. , Infante L. , Iribarren P. Troncoso , Zheng W. , Molino A. , Bauer F. E. , Bina D. , Broadhurst Tom , Chilingarian I. , Huang X. , Garcia S. , Kim S. , Marques-Chaves R. , Moustakas J. , Pelló R. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Shu X. , Streblyanska A. , Zitrin A.
Published: March 2016

In this paper we present the results of our search for and study of

z
≳
6

galaxy candidates behind the third Frontier Fields (FFs) cluster, MACS J0717.5+3745, and its parallel field, combining data from Hubble and Spitzer. We select 39 candidates using the Lyman break technique, for which the clear non-detection in optical make the extreme mid-z interlopers hypothesis unlikely. We also take benefit from

z
≳
6

samples selected using the previous FF data sets of Abell 2744 and MACS 0416 to improve the constraints on the properties of very high redshift objects. We compute the redshift and the physical properties such emission lines properties, star formation rate, reddening, and stellar mass for all FF objects from their spectral energy distribution using templates including nebular emission lines. We study the relationship between several physical properties and confirm the trend already observed in previous surveys for evolution of star formation rate with galaxy mass and between the size and the UV luminosity of our candidates. The analysis of the evolution of the UV luminosity function with redshift seems more compatible with an evolution of density. Moreover, no robust

z
≥
8.5

object is selected behind the cluster field and few

z
∼
9

candidates have been selected in the two previous data sets from this legacy survey, suggesting a strong evolution in the number density of galaxies between

z
∼
8

and 9. Thanks to the use of the lensing cluster, we study the evolution of the star formation rate density produced by galaxies with L > 0.03

L

⋆

, and confirm the strong decrease observed between

z
∼
8

and 9.
Indicators of Moderate and Severe Preeclampsia in Correlation with Maternal IL10
Authors: Daneva Markova Ana , HadÅ¾i-Lega Marija , Mijakoski Dragan
Published: March 2016

AIM: The purpose of the actual study was to evaluate the relationship between the formation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 and several indicators of moderate and severe preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examination of the indicators of preeclampsia and maternal IL10 levels was conducted in 50 women with pregnancies complicated by varying degrees of preeclampsia in the third trimester of gestation as well as in 50 normotensive patients, hospitalized at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. The levels of IL10 were determined with a commercial test developed by Orgenium Laboratories (Finland), using reagents from AviBion ELISA research kits. Patients with preeclampsia were categorized into moderate and severe preeclampsia group according to the degree of preeclampsia. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of different parameters for the occurrence of severe preeclampsia. Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated in order to quantify independent associations.RESULTS: The regression analysis detected systolic blood pressure (160 mmHg or higher), diastolic blood pressure (100 mmHg or higher), persistent proteinuria in pregnancy, serum LDH concentration (450 U/L or higher) and reduced serum concentrations of IL10 as significant predictors of severe preeclampsia in pregnant women after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION: The findings of significantly lower serum IL10 concentrations in patients with severe preeclampsia in comparison with respective concentrations in patients with moderate preeclampsia can be considered as major pathognomonic laboratory sign of severe preeclampsia.
Penser les politiques électorales
Authors: Ehrhard Thomas
Published: March 2016

La littérature française de l’analyse des politiques publiques ne fait pas référence à un domaine électoral. Si les élections sont intégrées en tant que variable, le domaine électoral ne constitue pas un objet autonome saisi par les politiques publiques. Pourtant, l’existence des politiques publiques électorales ne fait pas de doute, comme le montrent des exemples nombreux et variés. Face à cette absence dans la littérature, l’article vise à construire l’objet électoral au sein de l’analyse des politiques publiques. Il ambitionne de montrer que les politiques électorales constituent un domaine spécifique de politiques publiques dans lequel les acteurs organisent ce qu’ils convoitent. L’article expose ensuite l’influence que le domaine électoral peut avoir sur l’étude des politiques publiques et, réciproquement, comment les politiques publiques peuvent contribuer à l’étude des systèmes électoraux et des réformes électorales.
Institutionnaliser la reconnaissance
Authors: Lazzeri Christian
Published: March 2016

Cet article propose une typologie des institutions politiques en rapport avec l’échange et la distribution des différentes formes de reconnaissance. Partant du fait que les mobilisations collectives et les conflits dans les sociétés contemporaines adressent des demandes de reconnaissance aux institutions sous la forme de demande de droits, de promotions, de certification, de nominations, ou de déclarations publiques multiples, cette typologie distingue trois catégories pures de pratiques institutionnelles : celles par lesquelles les institutions expriment des normes sociales de reconnaissance ; celles par lesquelles les institutions corrigent les « distorsions » dans l’échange de la distribution de reconnaissance et celles par lesquelles elles produisent directement de la reconnaissance sous la forme de l’estime publique. Ces catégories pures peuvent évidemment se combiner et, à travers l’étude de ces combinaisons, l’article « teste » la validité de chacune de ces pratiques complexes.
La gestion des services publics et la coproduction dans les structures de gouvernance à niveaux multiples
Authors: Sicilia Mariafrancesca , Guarini Enrico , Sancino Alessandro , Andreani Martino , Ruffini Renato
Published: March 2016

D’un point de vue normatif, la coproduction est recommandée à tous les stades du cycle des services publics. Cependant, les études empiriques antérieures sur la coproduction ne se sont pas penchées sur la question de savoir comment la mettre en œuvre. Rares sont par ailleurs les auteurs qui s’intéressent à la manière dont la coproduction peut s’organiser dans les structures de gouvernance à niveaux multiples. Le but du présent article est de combler ces lacunes, en identifiant les éléments déclenchants, ainsi que les aspects organisationnels et managériaux susceptibles de favoriser l’adoption de la coproduction dans les structures de gouvernance à niveaux multiples. L’analyse empirique s’appuie sur une étude de cas axée sur les services destinés aux enfants autistes. Nous verrons que la coproduction est le résultat de dispositifs interorganisationnels et que le renforcement de la confiance entre les acteurs a joué un rôle essentiel dans la promotion d’une approche en faveur de la coproduction. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens D’un point de vue organisationnel, notre étude de cas révèle que pour favoriser la coproduction dans les structures de gouvernance à niveaux multiples, il convient d’axer les différents stades du cycle des services publics sur la même logique. D’un point de vue managérial, notre étude fait apparaître que la mise en œuvre de la coproduction exige de nouvelles compétences et de nouveaux outils au niveau managérial. Les gestionnaires publics sont invités à écouter les groupes communautaires et les individus, à mobiliser les ressources et les connaissances collectives et à exercer une fonction de métagouvernance. Enfin, si l’on veut assurer la coproduction des services, nos observations indiquent qu’il faut commencer à envisager de façon différente le rôle joué par la société civile et l’État dans la défense de l’intérêt commun.
Ce qui amène les citoyens à coproduire dans les services d’activation : l’importance de la motivation et de la confiance – Enquête sur les biais de sélection dans un programme d’activation municipal aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Fledderus Joost , Honingh Marlies
Published: March 2016

Les services d’activation (programmes actifs du marché du travail) axés sur le réembauchage des demandeurs d’emploi sont souvent victimes d’« écrémage », cette technique qui consiste à sélectionner ceux qui sont les mieux qualifiés pour réintégrer le marché du travail. Les nouveaux modes de prestation, comme la coproduction, sont censés être plus à l’abri des mécanismes de sélection. Afin de déterminer si les programmes d’activation coproduits sont victimes de biais de sélection, nous avons comparé les participants à un programme local d’activation innovant (n=60) aux non-participants (n=18). Les participants sont en général plus motivés et présentent des niveaux plus élevés de confiance généralisée, municipale et interpersonnelle. De plus, un niveau élevé de motivation générale correspond à un niveau élevé de confiance et de contrôle perçu. Cela veut dire qu’il existe bel et bien un biais de sélection au sein des programmes d’activation coproduits. Il n’est dès lors pas certain que la coproduction soit plus efficace que les types classiques de prestation de services pour faire face à l’écrémage. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Les services publics, par exemple dans le domaine des politiques d’activation, sont de plus en plus offerts de telle manière à obliger les utilisateurs à faire davantage d’efforts et à prendre davantage de responsabilités. La présente étude démontre que ces exigences suscitent une sélection des utilisateurs. Les professionnels qui s’occupent de services coproduits doivent savoir que lorsqu’ils choisissent leurs clients, ils ont des chances de laisser de côté les personnes vulnérables. Plus précisément, lorsque la motivation intrinsèque est un critère de sélection important, ceux qui présentent des niveaux de confiance et de contrôle perçu insuffisants seront laissés de côté. Par conséquent, des stratégies qui peuvent paraître inclusives peuvent en réalité conduire à l’exclusion.
Qui nous sommes / où nous vivons : Les caractéristiques du voisinage expliquent-elles la coproduction ?
Authors: Thijssen Peter , Van Dooren Wouter
Published: March 2016

La coproduction établit une relation interactive entre le citoyen et les prestataires de services publics. Par conséquent, pour que la coproduction soit fructueuse, la participation des citoyens s’impose. On utilise généralement des caractéristiques individuelles telles que l’âge, le genre et les revenus pour expliquer la participation des citoyens à la coproduction. Les variables au niveau du voisinage sont, en revanche, souvent laissées de côté. La littérature sur la coproduction, de même que la théorie relative au capital social et à l’urbanisme, indiquent cependant, arguments à l’appui, pourquoi les variables liées au voisinage peuvent s’avérer pertinentes. Dans la présente étude, nous examinons les archives administratives des contacts initiés par les citoyens dans le cadre d’un programme de signalement des problèmes dans le domaine public. Ce programme de coproduction se situe dans le district de Deurne, dans la ville d’Anvers, en Belgique. Une analyse multiniveau a été effectuée afin d’évaluer simultanément l’influence des caractéristiques du voisinage et des variables individuelles. Si les variables individuelles généralement observées pour expliquer la coproduction sont présentes dans notre cas, on constate aussi que les caractéristiques du voisinage expliquent une grande partie de la coproduction. Nos observations indiquent dès lors que la participation aux activités de coproduction est déterminée non seulement par la personne que nous sommes, mais aussi par l’endroit où nous vivons. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Afin de faciliter la coproduction et la participation, la première chose à laquelle il convient de s’intéresser n’est autre que le voisinage. La coproduction profite sans doute de façon disproportionnée aux citoyens influents, mais aussi aux quartiers influents. Les corrections sociales doivent prendre ces deux aspects en considération. Plus généralement, il est important de bien comprendre les quartiers de la ville si l’on veut comprendre le comportement du citoyen. Les politiques urbaines basées sur le milieu doivent suffisamment prendre en compte le voisinage.
La coproduction dans les soins de santé : le discours et la pratique
Authors: Vennik Femke D. , van de Bovenkamp Hester M. , Putters Kim , Grit Kor J.
Published: March 2016

Si l’on s’intéresse de plus en plus à la coproduction dans les soins de santé, on sait peu de choses sur le processus de coproduction. Dans le présent article, nous essayons de comprendre pourquoi les hôpitaux associent les patients et le personnel aux activités de coproduction et analysons les expériences des hôpitaux en matière de coproduction dans la pratique. Une étude qualitative, comprenant des entretiens semi-structurés (N=27), des observations (70 heures) et une analyse documentaire, a été réalisée auprès de cinq hôpitaux néerlandais qui mettaient à contribution les patients et le personnel en vue d’améliorer leurs services. Les résultats indiquent que les hôpitaux ont des raisons variables d’associer les patients et le personnel et qu’ils ont adapté les méthodes existantes pour mettre à contribution les patients. Il est intéressant de noter que les domaines d’amélioration présentés par les patients étaient bien souvent déjà connus. Le processus de coproduction a cependant bel et bien contribué à l’amélioration de la qualité à d’autres égards. Le processus de coproduction a amené les hôpitaux à réfléchir davantage à la manière de réaliser les améliorations de la qualité. Ce processus facilitait les améliorations de la qualité, le fait de voir les patients et d’entendre leurs expériences créant un sentiment d’urgence parmi le personnel, qui réagissait dès lors aux questions d’amélioration soulevées. De plus, les expériences ont eu pour effet de légitimer les améliorations auprès des organes de direction. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Différentes méthodes de participation peuvent mettre en évidence les expériences des patients en matière de services de soins de santé, ce qui peut servir à améliorer la qualité. Notre étude démontre que le fait d’adapter les méthodes existantes aux ressources hospitalières locales peut être bénéfique pour les processus de coproduction dans un contexte donné. L’adaptation peut cependant aussi présenter des risques. Les activités d’adaptation, comme le recours à des critères pour sélectionner les patients, influencent ce que l’on considère comme la contribution légitime des patients. En outre, compte tenu de l’importance du processus de coproduction, la méthode doit se composer d’une trajectoire organisée, à laquelle les patients et le personnel sont associés et qui met en évidence les expériences personnelles. Les équipes de projet doivent par conséquent poser un regard critique sur les conséquences des adaptations et des actions d’adaptation, ainsi que sur leur opportunité, lors de la mise en œuvre de projets d’amélioration de la qualité.
Mon cerveau est localisé dans mon encrier
Authors: Meyer-Krahmer Benjamin
Published: March 2016

L’article porte sur la relation entre écriture et dessin dans les pratiques graphiques de C. S. Peirce. Les manuscrits de Peirce comportent environ cent mille pages qui présentent une spectaculaire variété de textes et figurations graphiques. Le caractère transdisciplinaire de sa réflexion se reflète dans l’emploi de graphismes qui vont de graphes de démonstrations logiques à des études topologiques, à des feuillets de calculs, à des représentations figurales. Les études peircéennes demeurent focalisées sur l’analyse des textes (traités au sens étroit d’une inscription de la langue), alors que les pratiques graphiques du philosophe sont rarement considérées comme un médium de sa pensée. De ce fait, ses manuscrits n’ont guère été pris en compte en tant qu’objets de recherche. Or, la relation entre écrit et image ouvre la voie à l’étude des fonctions épistémiques des pratiques graphiques et à celle des représentations visuelles qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans la démarche théorique de Peirce.
A Method for Analyzing Queues in Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Natesan Thillaigovindan
Published: March 2016

In this chapter a new method for analyzing queues in fuzzy environment is presented. After explaining the new technique, it is applied to a fuzzy bulk queue with modified Bernoulli vacation and restricted admissible customers. Batches of customers arrive at the system according to a compound Poisson process. All arriving batches are not allowed to enter the system. The restriction policy depends on availability or otherwise of the server. This system is analyzed in fuzzy environment using the new method developed. Some special cases are discussed and a numerical study is also carried out. The new method can be applied to any queuing system in fuzzy environment. In this method the input parameters like arrival rate, service rate, vacation rate etc. are described by fuzzy numbers of specific type (triangular, trapezoidal, quadratic, Gaussian etc.) and the system performance measures like average queue size, average waiting time in the queue, average number of customers in the system are all obtained as fuzzy numbers of the same type, which include the crisp solution.
M/Ck/1 Queue with Impatient Customers
Authors: Kocer Umay Uzunoglu
Published: March 2016

A single-server queuing system with impatient customers and Coxian service is examined. It is assumed that arrivals are Poisson with a constant rate. When the server is busy upon an arrival, customer joins the queue and there is an infinite capacity of the queue. Since the variance of the service time is relatively high, the service time distribution is characterized by k-phase Cox distribution. Due to the high variability of service times and since some of the services take extremely long time, customers not only in the queue, but also in the service may become impatient. Each customer, upon arrival, activates an individual timer and starts his patience time. The patience time for each customer is a random variable which has exponential distribution. If the service does not completed before the customer's time expires, the customer abandons the queue never to return. The model is expressed as birth-and-death process and the balance equations are provided.
Building Fuzzy Models of Stochastic Processes to Determine Probabilistic and Linguistic Types of Uncertainty
Authors: Walaszek-Babiszewska Anna
Published: March 2016

In the chapter an advanced fuzzy modeling methods have been presented which joints fuzzy and probabilistic approaches. The Zadeh's notions of probability of imprecise events has served as a basis for determining probability distributions of linguistic random variable, stochastic process with fuzzy states, and fuzzy-valued stochastic Markov process. Rule based fuzzy representations have been also presented. Exemplary calculations illustrate the way of building fuzzy models, using empirical data or theoretical probability distribution.
Developmental Progression and Interrelationship of Central and Effector Regulatory T Cell Subsets
Authors: Toomer Kevin H. , Yuan Xiaomei , Yang Jing , Dee Michael J. , Yu Aixin , Malek Thomas R.
Published: March 2016

Resting central Tregs (cTregs) and activated effector Tregs (eTregs) are required for self-tolerance, but the heterogeneity and relationships within and between phenotypically distinct subsets of cTregs and eTregs are poorly understood. By extensive immune profiling and deep sequencing of TCR-β V regions, two subsets of cTregs, based on expression of Ly-6C, and three subsets of eTregs, based on distinctive expression of CD62L, CD69, and CD103, were identified. Ly-6C+ cTregs exhibited lower basal activation, expressed on average lower affinity TCRs, and less efficiently developed into eTregs when compared with Ly-6C− cTregs. The dominant TCR Vβs of Ly-6C+ cTregs were shared by eTregs at a low frequency. A single TCR clonotype was also identified that was largely restricted to Ly-6C+ cTregs, even under conditions that promoted the development of eTregs. Collectively, these findings indicate that some Ly-6C+ cTregs may persist as a lymphoid-specific subset, with minimal potential to develop into highly activated eTregs, whereas other cTregs readily develop into eTregs. In contrast, subsets of CD62Llo eTregs showed higher clonal expansion and were more highly interrelated than cTreg subsets based on their TCR-β repertoires, but exhibited varied immune profiles. The CD62Llo CD69− CD103− eTreg subset displayed properties of a transitional intermediate between cTregs and more activated eTreg subsets. Thus, eTreg subsets appear to exhibit substantial flexibility, most likely in response to environmental cues, to adopt defined immune profiles that are expected to optimize suppression of autoreactive T cells.
Demography and feeding behavior of Stenostomum leucops (Dugés, 1828)
Authors: Núñez-Ortiz Alma R. , Nandini Sarma , Nandini S.S.S.
Published: March 2016

Freshwater turbellarians, despite their mainly benthic habits, interact with pelagic communities of rotifers and cladocerans. However, very little is known about their demographic characteristics, food preference and functional response. To fill that gap we studied one of the most widely spread species, Stenostomum leucops.  We conducted population growth experiments using abundant food (several rotifer and cladocerans species). To evaluate possible impact of S. leucops on planktonic communities, we conducted prey preference experiments at two temperatures: 18 and 23°C. The number of rotifers and cladocerans consumed was calculated by the difference between the initial and final density. We found that diets supplemented with fresh algae achieved higher S. leucops densities than those with detritus supplements in their diets. In the case of animal diets, Euchlanis dilatata allowed S. leucops reach higher densities than the other zooplankton species; E. dilatata was positively selected for in the selectivity study at both 18 and 23°C.  Stenostomum leucops showed a type II functional response on rotifers and the cladoceran Alona glabra. Our results suggest that S. leucops select their prey according to their vulnerability using different mechanisms, which optimize their food intake.
Medicamentosa keratoconjunctivitis: A case report
Authors: Okoro Chiemela C. , Amiebenomo Onyekachukwu M. , Aruotu Nwakuso
Published: March 2016

We present a case of medicamentosa keratoconjunctivitis in a 42-year-old woman who complained of eye redness, blurred vision and pain after using inappropriate medications for treatment. Examination revealed severe conjunctival injection as well as punctate stains on the corneas. The patient was advised to stop her former medications and was prescribed an artificial tear supplement, an antibiotic-steroid combination and a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Possible conditions that could elicit similar clinical features are highlighted. The purpose of the case report is to raise issues relating to drug-induced allergic/sensitivity reactions based on recent clinical and experimental reports and also the roles of active ingredients and preservatives.Keywords: Superficial punctate epitheliopathy; Medicamentosa; Factitious disease; Dry eye syndrome; Benzalkonium chloride
On an aspect of scatteredness in the point-free setting
Authors: Ball Richard N. , Picado Jorge , Pultr Aleš
Published: March 2016

It is well known that a locale is subfit iff each of its open sublocales is a join of closed ones, and fit iff each of its closed sublocales is a meet of open ones. This formulation, however, exaggerates the parallelism between the behavior of fitness and subfitness. For it can be shown that a locale is fit iff each of its sublocales is a meet of closed ones, but it is not the case that a locale is subfit iff each of its sublocales is a join of closed ones. Thus we are led to take up the very natural question of which locales have the feature that every sublocale is a join of closed sublocales. In this note we show that these are precisely the subfit locales which are scattered in the point-free sense of [13], and we add a variation for spatial frames.
Influence of Meteorology and interrelationship with greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) at a suburban site of India
Authors: Sreenivas Gaddamidi , Mahesh Pathakoti , Subin Jose , Kanchana Asuri Lakshmi , Rao Pamaraju Venkata Narasimha , Dadhwal Vinay Kumar
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are important climate forcing agents due to their significant impacts on the climate system. The present study brings out first continuous measurements of atmospheric GHGs using high-precision LGR-GGA over Shadnagar, a suburban site of Central India during the year 2014. The annual mean CO2 and CH4 over the study region are found to be 394 ± 2.92 and 1.92 ± 0.07 ppm (μ ± 1σ) respectively. CO2 and CH4 show a significant seasonal variation during the study period with maximum (minimum) CO2 observed during pre-monsoon (monsoon), while CH4 recorded the maximum during post-monsoon and minimum during monsoon. Irrespective of the seasons, consistent diurnal variations of these gases are observed. Influences of prevailing meteorology (air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity) on GHGs have also been investigated. CO2 and CH4 show a strong positive correlation during winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon with correlation coefficients (Rs) equal to 0.80, 0.80, 0.61, and 0.72 respectively, indicating a common anthropogenic source for these gases. Analysis of this study reveals the major sources for CO2 are soil respiration and anthropogenic emissions while vegetation acts as a main sink, whereas the major source and sink for CH4 are vegetation and presence of hydroxyl (OH) radicals.
Measurement of momentum flux using two meteor radars in Indonesia
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Shinbori Atsuki , Riggin Dennis M. , Tsuda Toshitaka
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Two nearly identical meteor radars were operated at Koto Tabang (0.20° S, 100.32° E), West Sumatra, and Biak (1.17° S, 136.10° E), West Papua, in Indonesia, separated by approximately 4000 km in longitude on the Equator. The zonal and meridional momentum flux, u′w′ and v′w′, where u, v, and w are the eastward, northward, and vertical wind velocity components, respectively, were estimated at 86 to 94 km altitudes using the meteor radar data by applying a method proposed by Hocking (2005). The observed u′w′ at the two sites agreed reasonably well at 86, 90, and 94 km during the observation periods when the data acquisition rate was sufficiently large enough. Variations in v′w′ were consistent between 86, 90, and 94 km altitudes at both sites. The climatological variation in the monthly averaged u′w′ and v′w′ was investigated using the long-term radar data at Koto Tabang from November 2002 to November 2013. The seasonal variations in u′w′ and v′w′ showed a repeatable semiannual and annual cycles, respectively. u′w′ showed eastward values in February–April and July–September and v′w′ was northward in June to August at 90–94 km, both of which were generally anti-phase with the mean zonal and meridional winds, having the same periodicity. Our results suggest the usefulness of the Hocking method.
Mode transitions in Northern Hemisphere Glaciation: Co-evolution of millennial and orbital variability in Quaternary climate
Authors: Hodell David A. , Channell James E.T.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We present a 3.2-Myr record of stable isotopes and physical properties at IODP Site U1308 (re-occupation of DSDP Site 609) located within the ice-rafted detritus (IRD) belt of the North Atlantic. We compare the isotope and lithological proxies at Site U1308 with other North Atlantic records (e.g., Sites 982, 607/U1313 and U1304) to reconstruct the history of orbital and millennial-scale climate variability during the Quaternary. The Site U1308 record documents a progressive increase in the intensity of Northern Hemisphere glacial-interglacial cycles during the late Pliocene and Quaternary with mode transitions at ~ 2.7, 1.5, 0.9 and 0.65 Ma. These transitions mark times of change in the growth and stability of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. They also coincide with increases in vertical carbon isotope gradients between the intermediate and deep ocean, suggesting changes in deep carbon storage and atmospheric CO2. Orbital and millennial climate variability co-evolved during the Quaternary such that the trend towards larger ice sheets was accompanied by changes in the style, frequency and intensity of millennial-scale variability. This co-evolution may be important for explaining the observed patterns of Quaternary climate change.
The location of the thermodynamic atmosphere–ice interface in fully coupled models – a case study using JULES and CICE
Authors: West Alex E. , McLaren Alison J. , Hewitt Helene T. , Best Martin J.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In fully coupled climate models, it is now normal to include a sea ice component with multiple layers, each having their own temperature. When coupling this component to an atmosphere model, it is more common for surface variables to be calculated in the sea ice component of the model, the equivalent of placing an interface immediately above the surface. This study uses a one-dimensional (1-D) version of the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE) thermodynamic solver and the Met Office atmospheric surface exchange solver (JULES) to compare this method with that of allowing the surface variables to be calculated instead in the atmosphere, the equivalent of placing an interface immediately below the surface. The model is forced with a sensible heat flux derived from a sinusoidally varying near-surface air temperature. The two coupling methods are tested first with a 1 h coupling frequency, and then a 3 h coupling frequency, both commonly used. With an above-surface interface, the resulting surface temperature and flux cycles contain large phase and amplitude errors, and have a very blocky shape. The simulation of both quantities is greatly improved when the interface is instead placed within the top ice layer, allowing surface variables to be calculated on the shorter timescale of the atmosphere. There is also an unexpected slight improvement in the simulation of the top-layer ice temperature by the ice model. The surface flux improvement remains when a snow layer is added to the ice, and when the wind speed is increased. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results to three-dimensional modelling. An appendix examines the stability of the alternative method of coupling under various physically realistic scenarios.
Maintenance and risk management of rockfall protection net fences through numerical study of deteriorations
Authors: Luciani Andrea , Barbero Monica , Martinelli Daniele , Peila Daniele
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Rockfall protection net fences are key protection systems in mountainous areas worldwide to ensure the safety of infrastructures, roads and urban areas against rockfall. Management of the maintenance of rockfall protection net fences is fundamental for public administrations in order to guarantee risk mitigation. This paper deals with the assessment of the installation problems and deterioration of rockfall protection net fences, using numerical modelling in order to evaluate the influence of these issues on their behaviour. A percentage of the residual efficiency is assessed as a useful tool for risk analysis and maintenance planning.
World-Ecology and Ireland: The Neoliberal Ecological Regime
Authors: Deckard Sharae
Published: March 2016

Since the collapse of the Celtic Tiger, the socio-economic particularity of neoliberal capitalism in its Irish manifestation has increasingly been critiqued, but little attention has been paid to neoliberalism as ecology within Ireland. This article conducts an exploratory survey of the characteristics of the Irish neoliberal ecological regime during and after the Celtic Tiger, identifying the opening of new commodity frontiers (such as fracking, water, agro-biotechnology, and biopharma) constituted in the neoliberal drive to appropriate and financialize nature. I argue for the usefulness of applying not only the tools of world-systems analysis, but also Jason W. Moore’s world-ecological paradigm, to analysis of Ireland as a semi-periphery. What is crucial to a macro-ecological understanding of Ireland’s role in the neoliberal regime of the world-ecology is the inextricability of its financial role as a tax haven and secrecy jurisdiction zone from its environmental function as a semi-peripheral pollution and water haven. We can adapt Jason W. Moore’s slogan that “Wall Street…becomes a way of organizing all of nature, characterized by the financialization of any income-generating activity” (Moore 2011b: 39) to say that to say that the “IFSC is a way of organizing nature,” with pernicious consequences for water, energy, and food systems in Ireland. Financial service centers and pharmaceutical factories, plantations and cattle ranches, tax havens and pollution havens, empires and common markets are all forms of environment-making that constellate human relations and extra-human processes into new ecological regimes. More expansive, dialectical understandings of “ecology” as comprising the whole of socio-ecological relations within the capitalist world-ecology—from farming to pharma to financialization—are crucial to forming configurations of knowledge able not only to take account of Ireland’s role in the environmental history of capitalism, but also to respond to the urgent ecological crises of the neoliberal present.