bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Comparison on Typical Methods for Predicting Composite Roughness of River
Authors: Zhong Liang , Xu Guang Xiang , Zeng Feng
Published: June 2012

Composite roughness is an important parameter in river hydraulic calculations. In this paper, various typical methods for predicting composite roughness of river were summarized, including Einstein Method, Lotter Method, JIANG Method and Weighted Average Method, their theoretical rigors were discussed from both perspectives of minimum energy dissipation principle and analytical analysis, and their calculation precisions were verified by a large number of flume test data. Research shows that Einstein Method complies with the principle of minimum energy dissipation, also is the necessary and sufficient condition of resistance equation having unique solution, and its calculation precision is higher, therefore, Einstein Method is more suitable for composite resistance calculation of river with single cross section.
Application of Fuzzy Matter-Element Model Based on Cooperative Game Weight in Evaluation of Groundwater Carrying Capacity
Authors: Kang Yan , Cai Huan Jie , Song Song Bai
Published: June 2012

A fuzzy matter-element evaluation modeling based on cooperative game weight (FME-CGW) is presented in this paper. Based on cooperative game theory, authors introduce a cooperative game weight which embodying an idea of competition and coordination among different weight methods. Based on the cooperative game weight, employing fuzzy matter-element theory and Hamming approach degree, the authors develop FME-CGW model. The derived model is applied to assess the groundwater resources carrying capacity in Guanzhong plain in Shaanxi province. The results are reasonable and satisfactory by comparing to other methods. The study of this practical example shows that the modeling presented in this paper is a new method with simple algorithm and strong practicability, which can be adopted to analysis various comprehensive evaluation issues.
Prediction of the Future Runoff of the Upper Hanjiang Basin under the Climate Change Conditions
Authors: Guo Jing , Cheng Kai Yu , Xiong Li Hua , Chen Hua
Published: June 2012

Under the A2 climate change scenario, the future runoffs in the upper Hanjiang basin are predicted by coupling the general circulation models (GCMs) and hydrological models. The future precipitation and temperature are obtained by downscaling CGCM2 and HadCM3 outputs using the Smooth Support Vector Machine (SSVM) method, and then they are used as input to the two parameter monthly water balance model and the distributed VIC model, respectively, to predict the future runoffs in the upper Hanjiang basin. The results of both hydrological models show that the future runoffs projected on the basis of CGCM2 outputs will decrease in 2020s (2011~2040), increase in 2080s (2071~2100), and show no significant change in 2050s (2041~2070), when compared to the average level of runoff during the baseline period of 1961~2000. For the A2 climate change scenario simulated by HadCM3 outputs, the future runoffs simulated by both hydrological models will increase in 2050s and 2080s. While for 2020s, decrease is predicted by the two parameter monthly water balance model, but no significant change is predicted by the distributed VIC model.
Research Based On Multi-Objective Programming on Allocation of Water Resources in Panjin Shuangtai Estuary Wetland
Authors: Wang Tie Liang , Yuan Xin , Lu Xiao Feng , Su Fang Li , Zhang Xiao Lei
Published: June 2012

In order to restore ecological function of wetland, determine the exploitation plan of water resources reasonably and promote the sustainable development of ecological function in wetland, based on the exploitation and utilization situation as well as the planning objectives of Panjin Shuangtai estuary wetland, this essay focuses on discussing water demand of natural ecological system, water quality of agricultural irrigation and aquaculture, and residential water consumption in wetland. Using various areas of wetland as decision variables and aiming to restore the size of all areas back to that in 2000, this essay takes the view of system engineering as guidance, establishes multi-objective programming model for rational allocation of wetland resources, and makes it able to compare with the other three created configurations plans. Results show that only giving priority to the needs of ecological water consumption of wetland to achieve an efficient use of surrounding water resources can we make the recovery of this wetland better and faster, and therefore achieve a desired sustainable development of ecological function. This has an important significance in leading us to a sustainable development of ecological restoration and constructing a framework of coordinated use of water resources of wetland system.
Study on a Numerical Model of “Rainfall-Runoff” Process Combined with Snowmelt
Authors: Jinbai Huang , Bin Wang , Osamu Hinokidani , Yuki Kajikawa
Published: June 2012

In order to achieve the accurate calculation of “rainfall-runoff” process combined with snowmelt and to provide a useful numerical method for estimating surface water resources in a basin, a runoff numerical calculation model of “rainfall-runoff” process combined with snowmelt was developed for a distributive hydrological model. Numerical method on “Rainfall-runoff” process was set up by applying kinematic wave theory, and calculations on snowmelt were made using energy budget method. Validity of the model was verified through numerical simulation of the observed surface flow. Results of the error analysis indicated that a large error existed between the numerical results and the observed ones without considering snowmelt whereas the error was at the permissible range of criterion (< 3 %) by considering snowmelt. The results showed that the snowmelt calculation should be considered at snow melt area when performing the runoff calculation.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Vortex at Northeast Taiwan from 1992 to 2009
Authors: Sun Wen Zheng , Kang Jian Cheng , Han Guo Qi , Wang Guo Dong , Zhu Jiong , Han Qin Chen , Liu Chao , Jin Tao , Li Yan , Tan Neng Zhi , Liu Yun Yun
Published: June 2012

Using the satellite altimetric sea level data during 1992 to 2009 from AVISO, analyzed seasonal, annual variations of vortexes in northeast Taiwan (24°N ~ 27°N, 120°E ~ 124°E). The result shows that: (1) Cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies are found in research area and had significant seasonal variation; (2) Cyclonic eddies had five-years cycle in winter; (3) Cyclonic eddies and anti-cyclonic eddies often appeared in pairs and swing in the east-west direction simultaneously; (4) Changes in spatial distribution of the eddies are the result from the Kuroshio’s period oscillation and the topography at northeast of Taiwan.
Water Environment and Water Ecology Issue in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, and Countermeasures
Authors: Zhu Jian Qiang , Tian Hao , Li Ling Zhi
Published: June 2012

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is an important base for producing grain, cotton and oil plants, one of the most rapidly developing areas economically in China. Along with the rapid development of the economy, its environmental quality related to water, soil and atmosphere decline rifely and obviously compared with that in twenty years ago. In the meantime, flood menace still exists, drought and waterlogging coexists, and water environment and water ecology have been deteriorating. This paper emphasized more important issues related to the regional water environment and water ecology, and put forward corresponding countermeasures based on domestic and foreign experiences, so as to drive social-economy sustainable development of the region.
Study of Water-Salt Production Function Based on Saline Water Irrigation
Authors: Wang Jun Tao , Li Qiang Kun
Published: June 2012

Due to the shortage of fresh water in north-west China, the exploitations of saline water became very important for mitigating agricultural water shortage. Our study carried out plot experiments under different salinity water irrigation in the Shiyang River Basin, comprehensively considering the effect of water and salt factors on the growth of spring-corn, imported salinity stress factor and built water-salt production function basing on water production functions Blank model and Jensen model which were general used in the world. Through the Water-salt production function, calculating the salt sensitive index in different growth stage of spring-corn and the result shows that the salt sensitive degree sequence is seeding stage > jointing stage> tasseling-grouting stage> maturity stage.
A Comparison Study on Algorithms in Reservoir Automatic History Matching
Authors: Jiang Bao Yi , Li Zhi Ping
Published: June 2012

With the increase in computational capability, numerical reservoir simulation has become an essential tool for reservoir engineering. To minimize the objective function involved in the history matching procedure, we need to apply the optimization algorithms. This paper is based on the optimization algorithms used in automatic history matching.
Agricultural Environment Standards and Economic Sustainable Development
Authors: Zhang Nan Nan , Guo Hong Yuan , Zhang Yu Hong , Bai Yang
Published: June 2012

Based on the general description of agricultural environment standards and view of economic sustainable development, the paper puts forwards that system can ensure economic sustainable development , and illustrates the system features of agricultural environment standards, therefore, holds that agricultural environment standards is system safeguard to achieve economic sustainable development. Finally, it raises some proposals to perfect China’s agricultural environment standards in order to make the economy keep sustainable development.
Demand Response for Large Public Building System
Authors: He Zhen Dong , Liu Jing Wan , Shi Chang Kai
Published: June 2012

Electricity demand response is the lever of economy and contradictions between the supply and demand, is effective short-term instruments that speedy resolve contradictions between the supply and demand [1]. Put forward the elements and implementation principle of demand response programs, divide the type of demand response programs, investigate the time span relationship between demand response market and demand response programs, analyze demand response programs in the practice of domestic and foreign, discuss the application strategy of demand response in large public buildings systems and energy management platform, and for the construction of China's demand response programs raise suggestions and ideas.
Measurement Analysis of the Influence of Subway Station Construction to the Adjacent Building and Ground Surface Deformation
Authors: Song Jian , Rong Xiao Yang , Fan Yun Yun
Published: June 2012

According to the tracing monitoring results of surface settlement and deformation of method of PBA in large-span tunnel used in the construction of the of Shenyang subway station, the analysis shows the ground surface settlement characteristics and laws influenced by the process of tunnel excavation influence. The result shows that the influence to formation of soil disturbance is large, the step sequences influence the deformation of the surface subsidence obvious are the small pilot drift excavation and the buckle arch of the first lining, accounting for about 70% of the final settlement, while the other is smaller, therefore the key of the project is to control the ground surface settlement of the small pilot drift excavation and the buckle arch of the first lining. Analysis also shows that, the effect of grouting consolidation in the upper strata in the arch crown and surrounding rock foundation of buildings before the construction to reduce the surface subsidence and building deformation is obvious.
Analysis of the Treatment of Soft Soil Considering Rheological Property
Authors: Li Yong Quan , Chen Jun Fu , Tu Yun Zhong , Yuan Xiao Tao
Published: June 2012

viscoelasto-plastic; double yield surface; equivalent sand wall; finite element; Abstract. Based on double yield elastoplastic model, one viscoelasto-plastic model is dealt with in detail. The method of transferring to equivalent sand wall is introduced when soft soil is treated by plastic drainage plate. The viscoelasto-plastic model and modified Cam-Clay model are applied into the finite element calculation of soft foundation treatment of a tailing dam. By comparison, it can be got that the displacement calculated by the viscoelasto-plastic model is closer to monitoring data than that calculated by modified Cam-Clay model. It demonstrates the reasonableness and efficiency of the viscoelasto-plastic model．
Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Indoor Thermal Environment in Commercial Kitchen
Authors: Jiang Da Hua , Wang Zhi Hua , Shi Fa En , Ren Ru Shan
Published: June 2012

It is of great importance to study the impact of the cooking generated contaminants on the indoor air quality in the kitchen since cooking is regarded as the main source of indoor contaminants. This study aims investigate and analysis the indoor air quality of kitchen with using CFD numerical analysis method via the velocity, temperature, humidity CO2 concentration .It is concluded that The temperature distribution are large difference in the kitchen and the maximum value is up to 324K on the work area which near the cooking ,and the CO2 concentration which is close to the stove is 1420ppm,1370ppm, 1470ppm respectively, and it is more than the acceptance criteria (CO2<1000ppm) 42%,37% and 47% respectively. It is serious impact on the staff's physical health.
Quantified Vertical Greenery Landscape Pattern Adjacent to Buildings of the Humble Administrator’s Garden, China
Authors: Wang Hong Bing , Qin Jun , Hu Yong Hong , Chen Jia Kuan
Published: June 2012

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, one member of the World Culture Heritage List, is topmost classic private garden south of the Yangtze River in China. Its rich plant landscape dynamics around buildings have active influence on today’s living environment. This study adopted coding approach to explore spatial dynamics of building environment. There were 13 sample plots, each of which centered around one building and 12m outward radiation, were surveyed in February and August 2010. There were altogether 53 tree species and 325 individuals which height and location were measured. Then tree height, defoliation, direction (relative to building) and spacing (distance from building) were divided into levels of 6, 2, 8 and 4 respectively. Each level was coded in order. So a tree had a four-digit code of the four factors. With the increase of tree height from level 1(1.0-3.0m) to level 5 (20.1-30.0m), percentages of individual were 30.2%, 25.8%, 17.5%, 25.5% and 1.0% respectively; defoliation ratios (number of evergreen individuals / number of deciduous individuals) were 0.96, 1.70, 0.58, 0.15 and 0 respectively. The Pearson correlation of tree height and defoliation was -0.315. There were 155 kinds of codes, in which ten topmost frequencies showed that 80% of them were below 3m height. We can conclude that both tree number and defoliation ratio will decrease following the increase of tree height. A pattern called ‘Layering greening model with upper deciduous and lower evergreen plants’ maybe suitable for the district of hot summer and cold winter.
Primary Investigation and Analysis of Arsenic Contamination in Soil-Plant of Tin Mine in Gejiu
Authors: Wang Jing , Fang Wei Xuan
Published: June 2012

According to the primary study on the As contamination in soil and crops including potato and pea in tin tailings in Gejiu area, Yunnan Province, it has been found that concentrations of As in rhizosphere far exceed Chinese National Grade Ⅲ standard of soil environmental quality of China (GB 15618-1995). It also has been found that the Ferns were living in the tin tailings suffered from the contamination of heavy metals. Compared with the limit of national criteria for food sanitation in China, the concentrations of As in edible parts of ferns are 90 times. Therefore, the remediation of soil based on geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal in the tailings is demanded. And avoiding crops-planting in the tailings to reduce the diffusion of heavy metal contamination in food chain of mining area is necessary.
China Urban Housing Reverse Mortgage Loan Risk and its Countermeasures
Authors: Han Xing , Li Qian
Published: June 2012

the paper first from the present the trend of aging, expounds the main concept of this paper and involved in the background and significance, for housing reverse mortgage loan introduces connotation above thus puts forward to the borrower risk identification framework, the life expectancy, future housing value fluctuation, loan interest and so on various risk factors, and the correlation analysis of its generating mechanism analysis. Meanwhile to prevent these risks were expounded. Finally, in housing reverse mortgage loan theory research and risk research put forward, based on the practice in housing reverse mortgage loan risk management some concrete measures and Suggestions.
A Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Models for Mapping Rainfall Erosivity on China Mainland
Authors: Ma Liang , Zuo Chang Qing
Published: June 2012

Rainfall erosivity is an essential factor to reveal the response of water erosion to precipitation changes, and its spatial variation reveals erosion regional difference and water conservation regionalization. In this research, average annual rainfall erosivity in 1951 -2008 on China mainland is calculated through daily precipitation data from 711 meteorological stations. Precisions of 29 spatial interpolation models are quantitative compared including inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF), kriging, cokriging (CK) and thin plate smoothing spline (TPS). Three variables cubic TPS is confirmed the optimum spatial interpolation model to rainfall erosivity on a large scale.
Production of a Bioflocculant by Penicillium Sp. HHE-P7 Using Sugarcane Molasses
Authors: Liu Li Fan
Published: June 2012

Bioflocculant MBF7 was produced by a novel bioflocculant-producing microorganism HHE-P7. In order to reduce the bioflocculant producing cost, culture experiments were conducted. The effects of medium components including carbon and nitrogen sources as well as culture conditions such as pH of molasses diluents, cultivating temperature, inoculum size were investigated. The results showed when the molasses waste was diluted at COD concentration of 2000 mg/L, the optimal culture conditions for MBF7 production by HHE-P7 were inoculum size 1% (v/v), initial pH 5, cultivating temperature 25°C at the rotation speed 150 r/min. Under such conditions, MBF7 had a flocculating activity of 83% for 5 g/L kaolin clay suspension. About 3.19 g crude bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of molasses fermentation broth.
Regulating Effect of Sowing Depth on Saline Land Oat Growth and K+ and Na+ Migration
Authors: Wu Jun Ying , Liu Jing Hui , Li Qian , Zhao Bao Ping , Li Li Jun
Published: June 2012

Biological utilization of Saline soil is an effective way to improve land utilization and ecological environment. Oat is a unique crop of Inner Mongolia and has strong resistance to salt. This study setting five sowing depth of 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm and 11 cm on the morphological and physiological characteristics of two oat cultivars. The K+ /Na+ and selective absorption and migration, yield and nutrient quality, and soil salt content were measured from a field experiment. The highest yield of oat on saline land was obtained at sowing depth of 7 cm. The dry matter of stem and leaf accumulated more rapidly at 7 cm, membrane damage was less, leaf chlorophyll content was higher and kept higher photosynthetic capacity, K+ /Na+ and SK+, Na+ (migration) of stem and leaf were higher. So it showed stronger salinity adaptability and higher yield, and the yield was between 43.1% and 64.1% higher than conventional seed planting’s and it occupied between 37.2% and 42.7% of loam soil, and the crude fat content was higher. Sowing depth of 5 cm was the second choice, but sowing depth of 9 and 11 centimeter was not suitable to plant salt-enduring cultivar. The decrease sequence of oat yield and quality under salt stress was: grain yield > fresh yield > hay yield > crude fat > crude fiber. The grain yield and crude fat of salt-enduring cultivar Nei nong da you 1 were favorable for improving oat’s salinity adaptability and increasing the desalination in soil. The study can provide a theoretical basis to improve saline land utilization and high-yield cultivation of oat.
Effect of Eco-Grass Planting on Soil and Water Conservation on the Bare Slope of Mountainous Area in Beijing
Authors: Sun Tie Jun , Tajilake Baderihu
Published: June 2012

There was less vegetation on the bare slope of mountainous area due to sterile soil in Beijing than other places. Soil and water loss was so serious that vegetation restoration became important one of ecological engineering. So experiment was executed to plant eco-grass on the bare slope in Miyun reservoir watershed and Guanting reservoir watershed, and study effect of eco-grass on soil and water conservation. The results indicated that vegetation restored quickly on the bare slope of mountainous area after eco-grass planted for a year, roughness length on the earth’s surface increased, and soil and water loss reduced clearly. Meanwhile soil bulk density reduced, and soil infiltration and available nutrients increased obviously. So soil physical and chemical properties improved batter in a short time than no eco-grass.
Spatial Variability in Physical Soil Properties in a Pinus koraiensis-Dominated Broadleaved Mixed Forest Gap in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China
Authors: Duan Wen Biao , Li Yan , Chen Li Xin
Published: June 2012

Locations of sampling points in Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest gap in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China were determined by grid method. Spatial variability in physical soil properties (PSPs) at those locations in 2 depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm was analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The results indicated that soil water content (SWC), saturated moisture capacity, capillary water-holding capacity and porosity were higher in 0–20 cm than in 20–40 cm except for bulk density. PSPs in 0–20 cm had relatively higher ranges and coefficients of variation. The total and autocorrelative spatial heterogeneity in PSPs were larger in 0–20 cm than in 20–40 cm. SWC had a strong anisotropic structure in an easterly and northerly direction, but porosity exhibited isotropy structure in the same directions. With increasing spatial distance, the three other PSPs presented anisotropic structures. Within spatial autocorrelative range, the interactive effect between semivariograms of PSPs in 0–20 cm was not significant. For spatial distribution of PSPs in 2 different depths, the patches with the middle and lower ranks dominated in the forest gap. Patches with higher rank were only distributed in 0–20 cm and were located north of the forest gap.
Study on Water Requirement Prediction Model of Wheat by BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhang Jian Sheng , Huang Wen Sheng , Han Xia
Published: June 2012

In this article, the prediction model of wheat water requirement was established by optimization algorithm BP neural network, and network topological structure was ascertained. Input-output variable were leafage electricity characteristic and irrigation volume. The BP neural network is trained by 60 sets of experimental data. The result of emulation showed that the BP neural network can solve the uncertainty and non-linear of the model, and the model has high precision.
Research on COD Removal and SOUR of Aerobic Granule with Intermittent Aeration in Continuous Flow System
Authors: Deng Feng , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2012

The impact of intermittent aeration on aerobic granular sludge in a continuous flow reactor was studied. Nine intermittent aeration modes were set up to investigate the change of DO, pH, COD removal efficiency and SOUR. The results showed DO and pH had different change tendencies. The 3-1 mode was the optimal mode under these experiment conditions. In aerating stage, the highest COD removal efficiency could achieve 96.32%. Stopping aeration for one hour, COD removal efficiency could still reach at 90.20%. This operation mode could save about 25% energy consumption theoretically. The comparison of SOUR between continuous aeration and 4-2 mode showed that the intermittent aeration had little effect on granular sludge activity. The theory of stress & damage and unbalanced growth could explain this appearance.
The Topsoil Quality Variation Under Different Reclamation Modes in Pasture Opencast Coal Mine of China
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Jin Man , Bai Zhong Ke , Liu Chun Lei
Published: June 2012

As the lack of topsoil resources, and the shortage of water resources, the ecological environment is extremely fragile in the pasture opencast coal mine area of China. Therefore, that the way to achieve the most efficient use of the limited topsoil resources in pasture area, plays a crucial role in land reclamation and ecological restoration. East II opencast coal mine in Datang, Inner Mongolia was taken as an example to analyze topsoil quality variation under different dump platform and slope reclamation modes in the pasture opencast coal mine area. The field investigation method was used in this paper. The study found that the mode "covering topsoil, overlying grass, grass grid, N fertilization, planting vanguard vegetation" in dump platform and "covering topsoil, overlying grass, grass grid, planting vanguard vegetation " in dump slope can lead to the best topsoil quality, though it still less than the original landscape topsoil quality level. The research can provide technical support and scientific basis for the pasture reclamation and ecological restoration.
Eco-Environmental Carrying Capacity of Water in Upstream of Liao River Basins, China
Authors: Wang He
Published: June 2012

Eco-environmental carrying capacity of water comprehensively representing the resource and eco-environmental characteristics of water determines the carrying ability of nature ecosystem for socio-economic development. Fushun and Tieling section are chosen as upstream in Liao River Basin to compare the eco-environmental carrying capacity of these two water stream. In this paper, 11 indexes are selected to establish evaluating indicator system, and then use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate eco-environmental carrying capacity of water. Result demonstrated: the score value of water eco-environmental carrying capacity of Fushun section is greater than that of Tieling. The little advance of water eco-environmental carrying capacity of Fushun was due to its better nature eco-environment.
Environmental Suitability Evaluation for Human Settlements in Arid Inland River Basin — A Case Study on the Shiyang River Basin
Authors: Wei Wei , Shi Pei Ji , Zhao Jun , Wang Xu Feng , Wang Xue Ping
Published: June 2012

The paper selects slope, aspect, Relief Degree of Land Surface, land use, vegetation index, hydrology, transportation density and climate as evaluation indexes and sets up the Human Settlements Environmental Index (HEI) model to evaluate the environmental suitability for Human Settlements in Shiyang river basin. Through using spatial analysis technology of GIS such as spatial overlay analysis, buffer analysis and density analysis to establish the spatial situation of nature suitability and spatial pattern for human settlement. The Results showed that: the index of nature suitability for human settlement in Shiyang river basin was between 17.13 and 84.32. In general, nature suitability for human settlement decreased from southwest to northeast. Saw from area pattern, the suitable region mainly distributed in Minqin oasis, Wuwei oasis and Changning basin, which accounting for about1080.01 km2, 2.59% of the total area. Rather and comparatively suitable region mainly distributed around the county in Gulang, Yongchang and north of Tianzhu, which accounting for about1100.30 km2.The common suitable region mainly distributed outside of the county inYongchang, Jinchuan and most area of Minqin county, which accounting for about 23328.04km2, 56.08% of the total area. The unsuitable region mainly distributed upstream and north of river, which accounting for about 9937.60 km2, 23.89% of the total area. Meanwhile, the least suitable region distributed around the Qilian Mountain which covered by snow and cold desert and the intersecting area between Tenger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert. The total area was about 6154.05 km2, which accounting for 14.79% of the total area. Suitable regions for human inhabitance mainly distributed around rivers in the form of ribbons and batches, while others are scattered. Their distribution pattern was identical with the residential spatial pattern. In addition, the relationships between HEI and some factors were also analyzed. There was a clear logarithm correlation between situation of residential environment and population, that is, the correlation coefficient between evaluation value and population density reached 0.851. There was also positive correlation between situation of residential environment and economics, which reached 0.845 between evaluation value of residential environment and GDP. Results also showed the environment was out of bearing the existing population in Shiyang river basin. Spatial distribution of population was profoundly affected by severe environment such as the expanded deserts, the wavy terrains, and the changeful climate. Surface water shortage and slowly economic growth was the bottleneck of nature suitability for human settlement in Shiyang river basin. So according to these problems and various planning, some of residential parts need to relocate in order to improve situation of residential environment.
Evaluation for Agro-Ecological System of Hubei Province Based on Emergy Analysis
Authors: Peng Xian Ze , Li Han , Zeng Yu Jun , Guo Xiao Yuan
Published: June 2012

Agro-ecological system in Hubei province was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by using emergy analysis method. The result shows that the local resources have been utilized effectively in Hubei, the agricultural modernization is high, however, Hubei’s agricultural ecosystems is unsustainable consumption-based system owing to the higher degree of environmental stress and resource dependence. Suggestions to reinforce the sustainable development of agriculture in Hubei were put forward.
The Eco-Environmental Protection Based on the Theory of Property Right
Authors: Qin Yu Jie , Wang Qing Nian
Published: June 2012

The environmental problems have become global issues. It is a key problem to solve in the near future for human beings to protect the survival environment and to adopt the sustainable development policy. This paper based on property theory analyzes the issues of the current eco-environmental system from the view of property right, points out the limitation of the methods through the property right and the calculation of other fees but not only the price in the market, analyzes the powerful effects when the property right is combined with financial methods from the government, and search some suitable solutions to the advantage of the sustainable development of the society. Finally, the paper analyzes the case of the property right and environmental protection in China.
Main Problems of Ecological Environment in TGRR and their Countermeasures
Authors: Zhai Yan Wei , Huang Ding Guo , Zhai Xin Xian
Published: June 2012

With the Three Gorges Project of Yangtze River established and running, the ecological environment problems in Three Gorges Project Region (TGRR) become more and more serious. The paper systematically studied the main problems, such as industrial and agricultural pollutions, floated rubbish pollutions, nautical pollutions etc. It is functions partition for TGRR, prevention and supervision on huge pollution enterprises, leading the development of ecological agriculture, carrying out refuse classification and centralized processing on pollutants etc. that was put forward. Furthermore, government departments should attach great importance with more research and input in capital, policies and measures to above problems. The conclusions play an important role in achieving balanced development between economy and environment in TGRR, realizing safety and stable operation of Three Gorges Project, and exerting its maximum efficiency.
Not only the Pollution - The Evolution in Protecting Our Living Environment
Authors: Yang Ying , Xiao Zhi Cheng
Published: June 2012

Abstract. As is known to all, environmental problem is one of the biggest problem in today‟s society. After three tremendous industrial revolution during 18 to 20 century, pollution becomes more and more serious. Global warming, natural resources lacking, and energy crisis were all amerces which nature has already warned us. Valid solutions are requested to enforce in our present living environment. Hence, we cannot ignore the joint efforts of environmentalists, scientists and economists all over the world that concentrates on protecting environment. We should be conciliative to see the protective system of entironment becomes more and more consummate.
Public Participation and Environmental Pollution Control
Authors: Liu Lin , Tao Jing Xuan
Published: June 2012

This paper brings public participate into the analysis framework and analyzes its effectiveness on the environment pollution. The studies have shown that the effectiveness of public participation on industrial wastes has relevant to the type of the industrial pollutants.
Research on Agricultural Water Resource Shortage under the Background of Rapid Industrialization and Urbanization — For the Example of Shandong Province
Authors: Cao Jun Jie , Xu Jun Xia , Zhao Yi Fan
Published: June 2012

With the quickening of the process of industrialization and urbanization, industry and urban water consumption rising increased the demand for agricultural water resource. Water pollution brought by industrialization and urbanization reduces the water supply. In the freshwater resources under the condition of the total supply shortage, Shandong agricultural water will face greater pressure. So various and effective measures must be taken to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural water resources.
Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Studies on Binding of Sparfloxacin to Humain Serum Albumin
Authors: Dong Cheng Yu , Liu Ying
Published: June 2012

The interaction between sparfloxacin (SPFX) and human serum albumin (HSA) had been studied by spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The inner filter effect was eliminated to get accurate binding parameters. The site marker competition experiments revealed that SPFX binds to site I (subdomain IIA) of HSA and molecular docking was employed to further define the specific binding sites.
Analysis on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 Generation
Authors: Liu Si Jia , Zhao Zhi Tong , Yu Xiao Dan , Li Hong Chao , Zhang Yun Wei
Published: June 2012

Lespedeza bicolor has developed root system and the ability of carbon sequestration, which can effectively improve the soil nutrient. We measured the correlation of net photosynthetic rate and physiological and environmental factors using space mutated Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation, the change of soil carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass was also discussed. The conclusion showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthesis was registered as double－peak curve and had "noon break" phenomenon. It showed strong ability of photosynthesis and its mean diurnal photosynthetic rates was 8.77 umolCO2·m-2s-1. Highly correlation was existed between net photosynthetic rate and atmospheric CO2 concentration ,the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and soil microbial biomass displayed negatively relationship to the depth of the soil. Base on the study , we can conclude that the photosynthetic organic matter was effectively accumulated by Lespedeza bicolor of SP1 generation which made use of atmospheric CO2 and the root system located in the superficial soil has better potential of carbon sequestration.
On Problems and Countermeasures of Mining Ecological Security: In the Case of Hengyang
Authors: Yang Yue Ping , Yang Shi Jiao , Huang Qiu Sheng
Published: June 2012

Ecological safety problem from mining activities can not be ignored. Mining ecological security not only relates to ecological environment, also involves technology environment, political environment and cultural environment, etc. Through comprehensive analysis of situation and problems of mining ecological security, we can find Hengyang must go green mining road and must construct ecological mining from the environmental ecology, the political ecology and the cultural ecology, in order to realize mining sustainable development.
Study on Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Components of Essential Oil from Michelia figo Spreng Leaves
Authors: Ma Ying Zi , Zhang Hui , Song Rong , Wang Zhi Yi , Yang Bo Hua
Published: June 2012

The essential oil from Michelia figo Spreng leaves was extracted by steam distillation. The antimicrobial activities of essential oil on bacteria and fungi were tested by plate counts and filter paper methods, and we also did the gas antisepticise experiment, analyzing the chemical constituents of essential oil by GC-MS. The results showed that: the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil from M. figo leaves on Escherichia coli G- , Staphylococcus aureus G+ and Bacillus sabtills were very good. The LC50 were: 0.64, 0.77, 0.62（μL•mL-1）, and the MIC were: 18.9, 20.1, 15.2（μL•mL-1）. But the essential oil had poor effect on Mucor racemosus, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae, the antimicrobial rates of them were lower than 50%. Gas antisepticise experiments showed it had good antimicrobial effects under the gas conditions. Twenty three compounds were separated and identified respectively from the essential oil, and the main antimicrobial compounds of the essential oil from M. figo leaves were analyzed in the experiment.
Phosphorus Fractions and its Adsorption Thermodynamics onto Sediments from the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Li Bei Gang , Liu Pei Yi , Ma Qin
Published: June 2012

The form distribution of phosphorus (P) in ten surface sediments from the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China, was studied using the sequential chemical extraction procedure－the standards, measurements and testing harmonized procedure. The equilibrium and thermodynamics of P adsorption onto sediments were evaluated. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), inorganic P (IP), organic P (OP) and concentrated HCl P (total P, TP), were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of different P fractions in sediments varied greatly. The mean of TP content was 657.57 mg/kg, and averages of NaOH-P, OP, HCl-P and IP contents represented 4.03%, 8.85%, 82.10% and 88.69% of TP, respectively. HCl-P was the major component of IP and TP. the amount of potential bioavailable P was approximately estimated 12.88% of TP. The equilibrium data of P adsorption on different sediments fitted perfectly for Langmuir and Freundlich models. the adsorption amounts of P decreased with increasing temperature. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters ΔG and ΔH indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption.
Study of Ecological Restoration Technique for Dam’s Downstream River
Authors: Jia Ai Chen , Guo Shuang , Xu Shi Guo , Shi Xian Feng
Published: June 2012

To solve the ecological deterioration problems of the medium and small reservoirs’ downstream areas caused by water interception, the ecological restoration technique for dam’s downstream area is studied in this paper. Based on the investigation and analysis of the current ecological environment of a medium and small reservoirs’ downstream area in Qingyuan county of Liaoning, the downstream minimum ecological flow, with which the ecological environment of downstream can connect to that of upstream, is calculated. In the way of drawing water above the dam and building underground dam, the minimum ecological flow for the ecological environment of the downstream area will be able to reach a level where the continuity of the ecological environment is maintained. Consequently the aquatic habitats and stream ecological environment of the dam’s downstream channel can be improved and recovered.
The Revelation of Kitakyushu City’s Experience on Environmental Education
Authors: Fan Jing Jing
Published: June 2012

With the rapid development of science and technology, we could enjoy more and more convenience of modern technology, we have to face the negative influence of modern technology on environment. The Kitakyushu city used to be one of most heavily air-polluted regions in Japan. Through decades of improvement on the environmental education, the Kitakyushu city become the ‘Demonstration city on environment protect of Japan’ and the ‘Typical city of environmental governance’ award by the United Nation. These effective measures include increasing the investment in the environmental education and scientific research, extensively conducting environmental education to improve the public awareness of environmental protection and promoting the integration and transformation of production, knowledge and research on environmental protection. This paper studied the main steps that the Kitakyushu city take to improve its environment pollution and analyze the revelation of these useful measures to China’s environmental education.
Effects of Waves by Boats on Mangrove in Dongzhai Harbor of Hainan
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Chang Bing , Xiong Hong Xia
Published: June 2012

The effect of boat-generated waves on mangrove forests could be reflected by width change of tidal inlets by using satellite image in this study. Our results showed that the distributions of mangrove zone on the side of tidal inlets were degenerated by boat-generated waves from 2009 to 2011 in Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove Natural Reserve. The main reason of this change was strong erosion of tidal flat caused by the waves generated by high speed and frequencies boats for tourists. To protect the mangrove forests of the tidal inlets, the drive speed and pass frequencies of the boats in waterway should be restricted and decreased.
The Analysis on the Factors of CO2 Emission in Households Sector in China
Authors: Wang Yan , Cai Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2012

Since 1998, as the economy develops rapidly in China, the level of the standard living for the domestic people is elevated quite fast. The energy consumption in households increases quickly due to the improvement of the residents' standard of living. The emission load of CO2 from energy end-use consumption in households increases year by year and it is becoming a an important source of the national total CO2 emission load. With the LMDI factor decomposition method, this paper analyzes the factors which influence the emission load of CO2 from energy end-use consumption in households. The result shows that decreasing the energy end-use consumption intensity in households and increasing the ratio of the new energy along with lifting the ratio of the urban population are all the important factors to reduce the emission load of CO2 from energy end-use consumption in households sector in China.
The Study on the Conservation Status and Problems of Aquatic Ecosystem in Songhua River Basin
Authors: Wu Ji Sheng , Liang Tuan Hao , Tian Zhu Jun
Published: June 2012

Continuous and intense human activities have seriously affected the aquatic ecosystem health and security of the Songhua River Basin, which has led to the atrophy and degradation of wetlands, the pollution of water, the degradation of black soil, the descending of waters biological diversity and the draught-up of rivers, etc. At present, how to protect the basin aquatic ecosystem and maintain the positive cycle of aquatic ecosystem are becoming grossly hot and difficult issues that require immediate resolutions.
Study on the Biodegradation of Class a Foam by CO2 Evolution Method
Authors: Zhang Xian Zhong , Bao Zhi Ming , Wang Lei , Fu Xue Cheng
Published: June 2012

The interest in the effect of firefighting foams on the environment has increased. Biodegradation is an important influencing factor when considering the environmental effect of firefighting foams. In this paper, an evaluation system based on CO2 evolution method was established to evaluate the biodegradation of Class A foams, and the biodegradation of three kinds of Class A foams were compared. The results show that both aniline and sodium benzoate can be employed as reference compounds using CO2 evolution method. Three kinds of Class A foams had biodegradation rates of 88.64%, 85.27% and 88.62% respectively after 28 days, which means they are easily biodegradable. Data from different test methods could not be compared directly.
Research on the Algorithm of Prevention Forest Fire Disaster in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone
Authors: Wang Ying Lian , Ye Jun Yao
Published: June 2012

Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone has large forest area, so it's very important to construct prevention forest fire disaster system. This paper presents an algorithm for prevention forest fire disaster based on digital image processing technology. The algorithm distinguishes the realtime forest video by smoke and fire. To determine whether there are some suspicious area in the image in the spatial domain by judging the color properties of smoke and fire through Clustering Algorithm. If it detects any suspicious circumstances, then fixes ccd and detects the suspicious areas in the time domain. In this step, firstly get the initial detect results by wavelet decomposition , then use the k-means clustering algorithm for the spread detection of smoke. Experimental results show that the algorithm is ideal for the experimental video. It alarms before the fire disaster occurs to avoid major fire disaster, which protects the forest resources in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.
Development and Matured Structure Variation of Ovule from Autotetraploid of Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Jiang Jin Zhong , Li Yun , Wang Chao Ying , Sun Yu Han , Huang Yan Fen , Zhang Guo Jun
Published: June 2012

To explore why seed germination rate is very low for autotetraploid of Robinia pseudoacacia (ARP), the developmental process and matured structure of its ovule were studied by paraffin section and structure anatomy in this paper. Ovule development and abortion of ARP can be formally divided into 3 stages. The initial stage occurred from 5th to 30th day after coronal opened up wholly; in this stage, zygotes were dormant, weight and transverse diameter of ovule increased slower, the rate of ovule with embryo was 0%, and the average abortion rate of ovule was 51.9%. The middle stage went through from 30th to 50th day after coronal opened up wholly; during this stage spherical embryo and heart-shaped embryo were observed, embryo and endosperm grew fast, weight of ovule increased rapidly, aborted ovules had yellow-transparent liquid around them, the rate of ovule with embryo was 33.2%, and the average abortion rate of ovule was 30.2%. The later stage came up from 50th day after coronal opened up wholly to ovule maturation, during this stage cotyledonary embryo formed gradually, the average rate of ovule with embryo was 70.8%, and the average abortion rate of ovule was 72.6%. The percentage of three parts (embryo, endosperm and integument) of ARP matured ovule varied obviously compared with matured ovule of diploid Robinia pseudoacacia, for which ARP matured ovules aborted severely. Therefore, the abortion of ARP ovules was the direct reasons why its seeds aborted.