bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to Choose a Measure of Resilience: An Organizing Framework for Resilience Measurement
Authors: Fisher David M. , Law Rebekah D.
Published: February 2020

Existing measures of resilience include disparate content that is based on qualitatively different conceptualizations of the construct. Consequently, there is confusion and inconsistency regarding the measurement and application of resilience. To promote clarity, the authors conduct an examination of resilience measurement approaches. This was accomplished by elaborating on three fundamentally distinct conceptualizations of resilience that can serve as an organizing framework for measurement; (1) attribute/resource‐focused; (2) process‐focused; and (3) outcome‐focused. To verify the utility of this framework, qualified and trained subject matter experts (SMEs) completed a content analysis categorization task by sorting 227 items from 11 scales into these categories. Frame‐of‐reference (FOR) training was used to prepare the SMEs. Results were largely supportive of the three category framework, as overall SME agreement was 86.76 percent and only 10 of 227 items (4.41%) were categorized as “unclear” with regard to the categories. At the same time, SME agreement varied across the scales and sub‐dimensions examined, suggesting that some scales/sub‐dimensions are more conceptually clear than others in terms of the three categories. Based on the results, the authors provide guidance for how to choose a measure of resilience and discuss different workplace applications that are aligned with the aforementioned categories.
Immunogold labelling reveals intense distribution of hyaluronate in the regenerating fin blastema of the goldfish
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: February 2020

Immunogold labelling reveals intense distribution of hyaluronate in the regenerating fin blastema of the goldfish (Acta Zoologica, Stockolm). Caudal fin regeneration in goldfish has been analysed at 3–16 days after tail amputation by light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. Hyaluronate is detected using a biotinilated hyaluronate binding protein and anti‐biotin antibodies coupled to gold and silver intensification. Hyaluronate appears among migrating keratinocytes of the wound epidermis and mesenchymal cells of the blastema at 3–6 days post‐amputation. Immunofluorescence for 5BrdU indicates that most proliferation of the wound epidermis and blastema occurs among mesenchymal and bone cells of the amputated lepidotrichia. Few keratinocytes proliferate indicating they mainly derive by migration from the stump borders. Among blastema and epithelial cells, numerous apparently pycnotic cells are present at 3–6 days of regeneration, most identified as immune cells. Silver intensification clearly shows that blastema cells are surrounded by hyaluronate suggesting that this glycosaminoglycan limits the contact between immune and blastema cells, perhaps avoiding an immune reaction that would damage survival of the blastema. Hyaluronate labelling decreases between connective and bone cells in proximal regions at 14–16 days post‐amputation and is low to absent in normal stump tissues. The study suggests that a high level of hyaluronate located among cells is essential for the formation of a regenerating blastema in fish and in other vertebrates.
Current and future treatments of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Sommer Natascha , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Pak Oleg , Bonnet Sebastien , Provencher Steve , Sitbon Olivier , Rosenkranz Stephan , Hoeper Marius M. , Kiely David G.
Published: February 2020

Therapeutic options for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have increased over the last decades. The advent of pharmacological therapies targeting the prostacyclin, endothelin, and NO pathways has significantly improved outcomes. However, for the vast majority of patients, PAH remains a life‐limiting illness with no prospect of cure. PAH is characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling. Current research focusses on targeting the underlying pathways of aberrant proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Despite success in preclinical models, using a plethora of novel approaches targeting cellular GPCRs, ion channels, metabolism, epigenetics, growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and inflammation, successful transfer to human disease with positive outcomes in clinical trials is limited. This review provides an overview of novel targets addressed by clinical trials and gives an outlook on novel preclinical perspectives in PAH.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc
Primary cilia: Versatile regulator in cartilage development
Authors: Tao Fenghua , Jiang Ting , Tao Hai , Cao Hui , Xiang Wei
Published: February 2020

Cartilage is a connective tissue in the skeletal system and has limited regeneration ability and unique biomechanical reactivity. The growth and development of cartilage can be affected by different physical, chemical and biological factors, such as mechanical stress, inflammation, osmotic pressure, hypoxia and signalling transduction. Primary cilia are multifunctional sensory organelles that regulate diverse signalling transduction and cell activities. They are crucial for the regulation of cartilage development and act in a variety of ways, such as react to mechanical stress, mediate signalling transduction, regulate cartilage‐related diseases progression and affect cartilage tumorigenesis. Therefore, research on primary cilia‐mediated cartilage growth and development is currently extremely popular. This review outlines the role of primary cilia in cartilage development in recent years and elaborates on the potential regulatory mechanisms from different aspects.
930. TILIA MAXIMOWICZIANA
Authors: Pigott Donald , Rix Martyn
Published: February 2020

Tilia maximowicziana Shirasawa is illustrated. Its distribution and ecology in Japan are described. The history of its cultivation in Europe is discussed.
Subcortical auditory neural synchronization is deficient in pre‐reading children who develop dyslexia
Authors: De Vos Astrid , Vanvooren Sophie , Ghesquière Pol , Wouters Jan
Published: February 2020

Auditory processing of temporal information in speech is sustained by synchronized firing of neurons along the entire auditory pathway. In school‐aged children and adults with dyslexia, neural synchronization deficits have been found at cortical levels of the auditory system, however, these deficits do not appear to be present in pre‐reading children. An alternative role for subcortical synchronization in reading development and dyslexia has been suggested, but remains debated. By means of a longitudinal study, we assessed cognitive reading‐related skills and subcortical auditory steady‐state responses (80 Hz ASSRs) in a group of children before formal reading instruction (pre‐reading), after 1 year of formal reading instruction (beginning reading), and after 3 years of formal reading instruction (more advanced reading). Children were retrospectively classified into three groups based on family risk and literacy achievement: typically developing children without a family risk for dyslexia, typically developing children with a family risk for dyslexia, and children who developed dyslexia. Our results reveal that children who developed dyslexia demonstrate decreased 80 Hz ASSRs at the pre‐reading stage. This effect is no longer present after the onset of reading instruction, due to an atypical developmental increase in 80 Hz ASSRs between the pre‐reading and the beginning reading stage. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that literacy achievement was predictable with an accuracy of 90.4% based on a model including three significant predictors, that is, family risk for dyslexia (R = .31), phonological awareness (R = .23), and 80 Hz ASSRs (R = .26). Given that (1) abnormalities in subcortical ASSRs preceded reading acquisition in children who developed dyslexia and (2) subcortical ASSRs contributed to the prediction of literacy achievement, subcortical auditory synchronization deficits may constitute a pre‐reading risk factor in the emergence of dyslexia.
Brain activation patterns underlying upper limb bilateral motor coordination in unilateral cerebral palsy: an fNIRS study
Authors: de Campos Ana Carolina , Sukal‐Moulton Theresa , Huppert Theodore , Alter Katharine , Damiano Diane L
Published: February 2020

Aim

To explore cortical activation during bimanual tasks and functional correlates in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This cross‐sectional study included eight participants with unilateral CP (six females, two males; mean age [SD] 20y 10mo [5y 10mo], 13y 8mo–31y 6mo) in Manual Ability Classification System levels II to III and nine age‐matched participants with typical development (seven females, two males; mean age [SD] 17y 8mo [5y 7mo], 9y 4mo–24y 2mo). They performed bimanual symmetric squeezing (BSS) and bimanual asymmetric squeezing (BAS) tasks at 1Hz, and a pouring task with dominant hand (DPour) and a pouring task with non‐dominant hand (NDPour) at 0.67Hz, all while a custom array of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optodes were placed over their sensorimotor area. Mixed‐effects were used to contrast groups, tasks, and hemispheres (corrected p‐values [q] reported). Analysis of variance and t‐tests compared performance measures across groups and tasks.

Results

Participants with unilateral CP showed greater activation in both hemispheres during BAS (non‐lesioned: q<0.001; lesioned: q<0.001), and in the lesioned hemisphere during BSS (q<0.001), DPour (q=0.02), and NDPour (q=0.02) than those with typical development. The lesioned hemisphere in unilateral CP showed more activity than the non‐lesioned one (BSS: q=0.01; BAS: q=0.009; NDPour: q=0.04). During BAS, higher cortical activity correlated with more synchronous arm activation (r=0.79; p=0.02); activity lateralized towards the non‐lesioned hemisphere correlated with better Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory computer adaptive test scores (r=0.81; p=0.03).

Interpretation

Results suggest abnormally increased sensorimotor cortical activity in unilateral CP, with implications to be investigated.

What this paper adds

Cortical activity in manual tasks is described with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in typical and atypical cohorts.

Activation levels in unilateral cerebral palsy appear to escalate with task difficulty.

Increased brain activity may be associated with poorer selective manual control.

Specific patterns of brain activity may be related to impaired bimanual function.
Analytics Curriculum for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
Authors: Paul Jomon A. , MacDonald Leo
Published: February 2020

In recent years, analytics has gained considerable momentum in both industry as well as academia. This study aims to develop an analytics curriculum for undergraduate and graduate programs by identifying skill‐based gaps between industry and academia and then clustering them based on methodological and semantic similarities among other criteria. Specifically, we compare industry requirements and related skills for analytics jobs to three types of analytics domains, that is, descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. We also address several sought‐after intangible student characteristics, such as communication skills, intellectual curiosity, and business acumen. We then cluster these skills by similarity based upon methodology, skill type, and semantics to develop courses based on these clusters. Our study thus provides a comprehensive analysis linking specific industry needs to specific coursework that allows any university to create a well‐rounded analytics program at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Finally, realizing the significant difference between undergraduate and graduate students in terms of expectations and maturity, we use personality‐job fit theory to recommend strategies to better promote the field to undergraduate students. Regarding the latter, we recommend best practices that graduate analytics program can employ to be easy to market and sell to prospective students.
Helping Business Students Acquire the Skills Needed for a Career in Analytics: A Comprehensive Industry Assessment of Entry‐Level Requirements
Authors: Stanton Wilbur W. , Stanton Angela D'Auria
Published: February 2020

Fact‐based decision making is changing job functions within organizations more than any other technology. Analytics, once the purview of the data scientist, is now spread throughout organizations. No longer is there a single job title, job function, or set of required skills and credentials for an analytics career. Companies have moved away from seeking applicants with a specific degree to now recruiting analytics talent based on required skill sets. For more than a decade, business schools have been developing new programs in analytics in response to industry's needs. However, in developing meaningful career‐ready professionals, business programs must understand the skills required across different analytics job functions. In this article, the authors present a comprehensive assessment of the skills sought by employers when considering a candidate for an entry‐level analytics position. The authors describe the demand for various types of analytics professionals, identify the job titles and functions with the most significant demand, and then draw a comparison of the job requirements of hard skills, soft skills, software skills, and credentials between three of the most sought‐after analytics areas: data science, data analytics, and business analytics. The authors conclude by providing faculty and administrators with recommendations on how to adapt their courses and programs to provide students with the fundamental preparation necessary for careers in data science, data analytics, and business analytics.
Effectiveness of an innovative and interactive smoking cessation training module for dental students: A prospective study
Authors: Vollath Sophia Elisabeth , Bobak Alex , Jackson Sarah , Sennhenn‐Kirchner Sabine , Kanzow Philipp , Wiegand Annette , Raupach Tobias
Published: February 2020

Background

Smoking is one of the world's major health problems and dental professionals are in a unique position to promote smoking cessation. However, according to the current literature, neither dental students nor dentists feel adequately prepared to counsel smokers. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a teaching intervention on smoking cessation for fourth‐year dental students and assess its effectiveness in terms of learning outcome on knowledge, communication skills and attitudes.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective intervention study, students in the intervention group (n = 28) participated in a teaching module consisting of a podcast, an interactive lecture, a seminar, and small‐group sessions with role‐play interactions. Knowledge, communication skills and attitudes were measured using written examinations and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of the module and 6 months later. Results were compared with data from a historical control group (n = 27) receiving standard teaching.

Results

Compared with the control group, students in the intervention group had higher scores in the knowledge test (67.1% vs 41.8%; P < .001; d = 2.8) as well as in the OSCE (74.9% vs 44.7%; P < .001; d = 2.3) and also retained more knowledge (52.7% vs 36.5%; P < .001; d = 2.0) and skills (71.8% vs 47.6%; P < .001; d = 2.5) over a period of 6 months. Attitudes were similar across groups and time‐points.

Conclusion

The teaching intervention equipped dental students with specific knowledge and skills required to effectively counsel smoking patients. Further research is required to assess the transfer of these skills to the clinical setting.
A trophic cascade initiated by an invasive vertebrate alters the structure of native reptile communities
Authors: Feit Benjamin , Dempster Tim , Jessop Tim S. , Webb Jonathan K. , Letnic Mike
Published: February 2020

Invasive vertebrates are frequently reported to have catastrophic effects on the populations of species which they directly impact. It follows then, that if invaders exert strong suppressive effects on some species then other species will indirectly benefit due to ecological release from interactions with directly impacted species. However, evidence that invasive vertebrates trigger such trophic cascades and alter community structure in terrestrial ecosystems remains rare. Here, we ask how the cane toad, a vertebrate invader that is toxic to many of Australia's vertebrate predators, influences lizard assemblages in a semi‐arid rangeland. In our study area, the density of cane toads is influenced by the availability of water accessible to toads. We compared an index of the abundance of sand goannas, a large predatory lizard that is susceptible to poisoning by cane toads and the abundances of four lizard families preyed upon by goannas (skinks, pygopods, agamid lizards and geckos) in areas where cane toads were common or rare. Consistent with the idea that suppression of sand goannas by cane toads initiates a trophic cascade, goanna activity was lower and small lizards were more abundant where toads were common. The hypothesis that suppression of sand goannas by cane toads triggers a trophic cascade was further supported by our findings that small terrestrial lizards that are frequently preyed upon by goannas were more affected by toad abundance than arboreal geckos, which are rarely consumed by goannas. Furthermore, the abundance of at least one genus of terrestrial skinks benefitted from allogenic ecosystem engineering by goannas where toads were rare. Overall, our study provides evidence that the invasion of ecosystems by non‐native species can have important effects on the structure and integrity of native communities extending beyond their often most obvious and frequently documented direct ecological effects.
Heterogeneity in patterns of progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Abeysekera Rajitha A. , Healy Helen G. , Wang Zaimin , Cameron Anne L. , Hoy Wendy E.
Published: February 2020

Background

Progression of kidney disease is a deceptively simple word for a complex bio‐clinical process, evidenced by the number of definitions in the literature. This has led to confusion and differences in interpretation of studies.

Methods

We describe different patterns of progression, the performance of different definitions of progression and factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in a public renal service in Australia, in a study of patients enrolled in the CKD.QLD Registry with a minimum of 2 years' follow up.

Results

Nine patterns of changing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over two consecutive 12‐month periods were identified. Most common was a stable eGFR over 2 years (30%), and the least was a sustainable improvement of eGFR over both periods (2.1%). There was a lack of congruence between the several definitions of progression of CKD evaluated. More people progressed using the definition of decline of eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (year 1 = 30.2%, year 2 = 20.7%) and the least using development of end‐stage renal disease (year 1 = 5.4%, year 2 = 9.9%). Age (40–59, ≥80 years), degree of proteinuria at baseline (nephrotic range) and CKD aetiology (renal vascular disease, diabetic nephropathy) were significantly associated with eGFR decline over 2 years.

Conclusions

This is one of the first demonstrations of the great variations among and within individuals in the progression of CKD over even a period as short as 2 years. Findings suggest considerable potential for renal function recovery and stability while demonstrating the importance of using identical definitions for comparisons across datasets from different sources.
The Greek and Latin sources for the southwestern coast of Arabia
Authors: Casson Lionel
Published: February 2020

The descriptions in Greek writers of the 4th to 1st centuries B.C., though based on actual voyages of exploration, purvey much misinformation and fancy along with some fact. The Periplus Maris Erythraei, a handbook written in Greek in the mid‐1st century A.D. for seamen and merchants, contains the first accurate account. The geographer Claudius Ptolemy of the mid‐2nd century B.C. supplies a list of place‐names that reveals how well settled the area was by his day.
Thermal properties of sodium borosilicate glasses as a function of sulfur content
Authors: Lonergan Jason M. , Lonergan Charmayne , Silverstein Joshua , Cholsaipant Pornsinee , McCloy John
Published: February 2020

Sulfur trioxide (SO3) additions, up to 3.0 mass%, were systematically investigated for effects on the physical properties of sodium borosilicate glass melted in air, with a sulfur‐free composition of 50SiO2–10Al2O3–12B2O3–21Na2O–7CaO (mass%). Solubility measurements, using electron microscopy chemical analysis, determined the maximum loading to be ~1.2 mass% SO3. It was found that measured sulfur (here as sulfate) additions up to 1.18 mass% increased the glass transition temperature by 3%, thermal diffusivity by 11%, heat capacity by 10%, and thermal conductivity by 20%, and decreased the mass density by 1%. Structural analysis, performed with Raman spectroscopy, indicated that the borosilicate network polymerized with sulfur additions up to 3.0 mass%, presumably due to Na2O being required to charge compensate the ionic additions, thus becoming unavailable to form non‐bridging oxygen in the silicate network. It is postulated that this increased cross‐linking of the borosilicate backbone led to a structure with higher dimensionality and average bond energy. This increased the mean free paths and vibration frequency of the phonons, which resulted in the observed increase in thermal properties.
Vocal repertoires and insights into social structure of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Mauritius, southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Huijser Léonie A. E. , Estrade Vanessa , Webster Imogen , Mouysset Laurent , Cadinouche Adèle , Dulau‐Drouot Violaine
Published: February 2020

Sperm whales communicate using codas (stereotyped click sequences). Females and juveniles live in long‐term social units, and units with similar coda repertoires share vocal clan membership. Vocal clans exhibit culturally defined differences in their multilevel social structure. Here, we aimed to identify different social units among sperm whales in Mauritius in the southwestern Indian Ocean, and to describe and compare their coda repertoires to investigate the presence of different vocal clans. We conducted six boat‐based surveys between 2008 and 2013, during which 101 different individuals were photo‐identified. Analysis of associations between 22 resighted individuals divided them into four candidate social units, but a lack of resightings impedes solid delineation of social units. Based on number and rhythm of clicks, at least 24 discrete coda types were detected among 4,767 analyzed codas using two different classification methods. Comparison of coda repertoires recorded from seven sperm whale groupings revealed the possible existence of two sympatric vocal clans, but the size differences of recorded repertoires warrant caution of interpretation. To further evaluate social structuring and the presence of different vocal clans in this region, future surveys should aim at obtaining long‐term sighting and acoustic data, and cover a more extensive area.
Contrasting co‐occurrence patterns of photobiont and cystobasidiomycete yeast associated with common epiphytic lichen species
Authors: Mark Kristiina , Laanisto Lauri , Bueno C. Guillermo , Niinemets Ülo , Keller Christine , Scheidegger Christoph
Published: February 2020

The popular dual definition of lichen symbiosis is under question with recent findings of additional microbial partners living within the lichen body. Here we compare the distribution and co‐occurrence patterns of lichen photobiont and recently described secondary fungus (Cyphobasidiales yeast) to evaluate their dependency on lichen host fungus (mycobiont).

We sequenced the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) strands for mycobiont, photobiont, and yeast from six widespread northern hemisphere epiphytic lichen species collected from 25 sites in Switzerland and Estonia. Interaction network analyses and multivariate analyses were conducted on operational taxonomic units based on ITS sequence data.

Our study demonstrates the frequent presence of cystobasidiomycete yeasts in studied lichens and shows that they are much less mycobiont‐specific than the photobionts. Individuals of different lichen species growing on the same tree trunk consistently hosted the same or closely related mycobiont‐specific Trebouxia lineage over geographic distances while the cystobasidiomycete yeasts were unevenly distributed over the study area – contrasting communities were found between Estonia and Switzerland.

These results contradict previous findings of high mycobiont species specificity of Cyphobasidiales yeast at large geographic scales. Our results suggest that the yeast might not be as intimately associated with the symbiosis as is the photobiont.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate alleviates irradiation‐induced parotid injury in a miniature pig model
Authors: Pan Wen , Hu Liang , Chen Yawen , Zhu Zhao , Wang Yingxin , Song Jiaxin , Shan Zhaochen
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Our aim was to verify the alleviation effect of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) in a miniature pig model.

Material and methods

Thirty male miniature pigs were randomly separated into 10 groups in our experiment. We administered S1P through the parotid duct in a retrograde fashion 2 hr before irradiation (IR). The salivary flow rate and blood flow rate were tested 20 weeks after IR. The apoptotic level was checked at 12, 24 hr and 7 days post‐IR.

Results

Twenty weeks after IR, the salivary flow rate of the IR‐side parotid gland in IR + S1P group can be maintained at about 40% of the non‐IR side, while only 20% was maintained in the IR group. The blood flow rate and microvascular density were significantly higher in the IR + S1P group than in the IR group. The apoptotic level and cleaved caspase‐3 expression were downregulated in IR + S1P group, and the ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax was increased. The blood flow rate and CD31 level were significantly restored at 12, 24 hr and 7 days post‐IR.

Conclusion

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate may partially alleviate IR‐induced parotid dysfunction by decreasing apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells and maintaining the blood flow rate.
Merging self‐reported with technically sensed data for tracking mobility behavior in a naturalistic intervention study. Insights from the GISMO study
Authors: Loidl Martin , Stutz Petra , Fernandez Lapuente de Battre Maria Dolores , Schmied Christian , Reich Bernhard , Bohm Philipp , Sedlacek Norbert , Niebauer Josef , Niederseer David
Published: February 2020

Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self‐reported. For short‐term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self‐reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long‐term intervention study. Through spatio‐temporal data matching procedures, we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self‐reported data deviate ±10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG‐PT, IG‐C). About 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG‐PT) and 9.7% (IG‐C), respectively, in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between

 = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG‐PT,

 = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG‐C, and

 = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG‐PT and IG‐C no shift toward the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single‐method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility‐related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio‐temporal matching procedures.
Microbiome‐skin‐brain axis: A novel paradigm for cutaneous wounds
Authors: Hadian Yasmin , Fregoso Daniel , Nguyen Chuong , Bagood Michelle D. , Dahle Sara E. , Gareau Melanie G. , Isseroff Roslyn Rivkah
Published: February 2020

Chronic wounds cause a significant burden on society financially, medically, and psychologically. Unfortunately, patients with nonhealing wounds often suffer from comorbidities that further compound their disability. Given the high rate of depressive symptoms experienced by patients with chronic wounds, further studies are needed to investigate the potentially linked pathophysiological changes in wounds and depression in order to improve patient care. The English literature on wound healing, inflammatory and microbial changes in chronic wounds and depression, and antiinflammatory and probiotic therapy was reviewed on PubMed. Chronic wound conditions and depression were demonstrated to share common pathologic features of dysregulated inflammation and altered microbiome, indicating a possible relationship. Furthermore, alternative treatment strategies such as immune‐targeted and probiotic therapy showed promising potential by addressing both pathophysiological pathways. However, many existing studies are limited to a small study population, a cross‐sectional design that does not establish temporality, or a wide range of confounding variables in the context of a highly complex and multifactorial disease process. Therefore, additional preclinical studies in suitable wound models, as well as larger clinical cohort studies and trials are necessary to elucidate the relationship between wound microbiome, healing, and depression, and ultimately guide the most effective therapeutic and management plan for chronic wound patients.
Brucellosis: A rapid risk assessment by a regional outbreak team and its coordinated response with the Directorate‐General for Food and Veterinary, North region of Portugal, 2019
Authors: Mendes Ana , Gomes Bernardo , Sousa Luís , Moreira Helena , Rosa Inácia , Marques Sílvia , Machado Elsa , Cruz Alves Graça , Neto Maria
Published: February 2020

We report a Brucella outbreak with seven cases in the Northern Region of Portugal in 2018–2019, associated with the consumption of fresh cheese. This outbreak has implications for risk assessment in Portuguese migrants related to this area, and it is an example of cooperation between public institutions, in a One Health based approach.
Functional interactions of ion channels with the actin cytoskeleton: does coupling to dynamic actin regulate NMDA receptors?
Authors: Shaw Juliana E. , Koleske Anthony J.
Published: February 2020

Synapses are enriched in the cytoskeletal protein actin, which determines the shape of the pre‐ and postsynaptic compartments, organizes the neurotransmitter release machinery, and provides a framework for trafficking of components. In the postsynaptic compartment, interactions with actin or its associated proteins are also critical for the localization and activity of synaptic neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Actin binding proteins, including spectrin and α‐actinin, serve as molecular linkages between the actin cytoskeleton and a diverse collection of receptors, including the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and voltage‐gated Na+ channels. The actin cytoskeleton can regulate neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels by controlling their trafficking and localization at the synapse and by directly gating receptor channel opening. We highlight evidence that synaptic actin couples physically and functionally to the NMDAR and supports its activity. The molecular mechanisms by which actin regulates NMDARs are only just emerging, and recent advancements in light and electron microscopy‐based imaging techniques should aide in elucidating these mechanisms.

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La esclerosis múltiple en el embarazo: reporte de tres casos en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio (HUSI)
Authors: Toro C. Angélica María
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Se presentan tres casos de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM), diagnosticadas previo al embarazo, y que fueron evaluadas en la Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal durante sus controles y parto en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, centro de referencia nivel IV que atiende población embarazada de alto riesgo obstétrico perteneciente al régimen contributivo.Objetivo: Describir las formas de presentación, fisiopatología, etiología y cuadro clínico de la EM, así como su comportamiento en el embarazo.Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases PubMed, Medline y Cochrane utilizando las palabras clave, para recopilar información tanto en inglés como en español desde el 2000 al 2011. Después se eligieron artículos de revisión y de investigación en EM y embarazo.Conclusiones: Las pacientes con diagnóstico de EM en el embarazo parecen tener un menor riesgo de sufrir una recaída, especialmente durante el último trimestre. Sin embargo, viene seguido de una alta probabilidad de recaída durante los tres meses posteriores, como se observó en dos de los casos descritos en este estudio.
Tamización de cáncer gástrico
Authors: Ayala Acosta Juan Carlos , Lotero Gómez Juan David
Published: February 2020

El cáncer gástrico es el cuarto cáncer más frecuente en el mundo y es la segunda causa de mortalidad por cáncer. es más frecuente en países en vía de desarrollo, por lo que su detección temprana y un tratamiento oportuno son estrategias clave para reducir la mortalidad. en esta revisión se expondrán datos recientes, en cuanto a epidemiología y los métodos más eficaces para la tamización del cáncer gástrico, los cuales continúan siendo permanente objeto de revisión y controversia en el mundo, debido a la aparición de nuevas técnicas que permiten identificar con mayor claridad lesiones cancerígenas incipientes o lesiones preneoplásicas. Por lo anterior, en esta revisión de la literatura se busca conocer los métodos de tamización que hoy en día se realizan para la detección temprana del cáncer gástrico y así poder realizar un manejo temprano y oportuno de la enfermedad.
Ganglioneuroma retroperitoneal en un hospital universitario: reporte de caso
Authors: Torregrosa Lilián , Granada Juliana , Cervera Sergio
Published: February 2020

Los ganglioneuromas retroperitoneales son tumores neuroblásticos benignos bien diferenciados, poco frecuentes, la mayoría localizados en el mediastino posterior y retroperitoneo, más comunes en niños y adolescentes de sexo femenino. El diagnóstico es imagenológico y su manejo es quirúrgico. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 35 años de edad, quien ingresó por dolor abdominal, con tomografía abdominal que mostró una lesión sólida anterior al pedículo renal, llevada a cirugía, cuya patología confirmó el diagnóstico.
Orientaciones para la implementación de un programa de mantenimiento de la salud en los servicios de salud universitarios. Aportes desde la experiencia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Becerra Martínez Nelci Astrid , Alba Luz Helena , Granados María Constanza
Published: February 2020

El fortalecimiento de las universidades como escenarios para la promoción de salud va de la mano de la reorientación de los servicios médicos universitarios hacia el fomento de hábitos de vida saludables con perspectiva biopsicosocial. La apertura del servicio médico en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (sede Bogotá) permitió implementar el programa de mantenimiento de la salud dirigido a la comunidad universitaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es compartir la experiencia de esta universidad en cuanto al diseño, implementación y evaluación de dicho programa en el que se llevan a cabo actividades de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad bajo el enfoque de riesgo. Estas acciones han contribuido a la reorientación del servicio médico universitario, a la articulación de recursos, servicios y experiencias internas y externas, así como al fortalecimiento de la universidad como una institución educativa promotora de salud. Se enfrentan aún desafíos que constituyen un reto para la consolidación de la experiencia actual.
Asociación de neuritis óptica e hipoparatiroidismo
Authors: Mosquera Klinger Gabriel Alonso , Beltrán Carrascal Elkin , Grizales Ana María , Gómez Claudia Milena
Published: February 2020

El artículo presenta el caso de un hombre de 70 años de edad con historia de cáncer de tiroides y diagnóstico de un año atrás. Se le había realizado tiroidectomía total. Presentó como complicación hipoparatiroidismo posquirúrgico. En el momento de la atención presentaba un cuadro clínico de 15 días de pérdida progresiva de agudeza visual en el ojo derecho y hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos compatibles con neuritis óptica. Durante la estancia hospitalaria se le diagnosticó neuritis óptica y se descartaron otras causas más frecuentes de neutiris óptica en este grupo etáreo.
Claves para el diagnóstico y manejo del glaucoma agudo para médicos generales y de urgencias
Authors: De Vivero A. Clemencia , Forero Moncaleano Oscar
Published: February 2020

Para los médicos de urgencias es un verdadero problema el paciente con patología oftalmológica, porque son ellos los primeros que se enfrentan el diagnóstico y manejo inicial de estos pacientes. No es desconocido que el glaucoma (ataque agudo de glaucoma) es una patología de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencias, por lo que su diagnóstico, así como su adecuado manejo, debe ser rápido y acertado para evitar secuelas irreversibles. Este artículo busca facilitar las herramientas para el diagnóstico y el adecuado manejo del paciente que presenta un ataque agudo de glaucoma.
La estimulación continua de raíces sacras en el tratamiento de patologías urinarias y fecales: evaluación clínica de una serie de 18 pacientes implantados
Authors: Acevedo González Juan Carlos , Becerra Jaime Eduardo , Silva José Miguel , Berbeo Miguel E. , Feo Lee Óscar , Zorro Óscar , Díaz Roberto
Published: February 2020

Introducción: los trastornos en el control de esfínteres llevan a un detrimento en la calidad de vida de los pacientes que los padecen.Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del tratamiento con neuroestimulación de raíces sacras en pacientes con incontinencia fecal, urinaria y trastornos sexuales.Resultados: del 2007 al 2012 se implantaron electrodos en 18 pacientes para estimulación de raíces sacras (6 tenían incontinencia urinaria de urgencia; 4, incontinencia mixta; 4, síndrome urgencia-frecuencia; 2, retención urinaria; 2, incontinencia fecal, y 1, eyaculación retrógrada). Se evaluaron registros de pérdidas urinarias o fecales y cuestionario de calidad de vida. Los mejores resultados se presentaron en los pacientes con síndrome urgencia-frecuencia (todos mejoraron), también en los incontinentes fecales y sorprende los buenos resultados en el paciente con eyaculación retrógrada.Conclusiones: la estimulación de raíces sacras es una técnica efectiva para el tratamiento de las patologías que producen incontinencia urinaria o fecal, pues se logra mejoría de la calidad de vida superior al 50 %.
Citomegalovirus diseminado: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Mosquera Klinger Gabriel Alonso , Guevara Pulido Fredy Orlando , Álvarez Moreno Carlos
Published: February 2020

El artículo presenta el caso de un hombre sin antecedentes previos de enfermedad, que consultó inicialmente por dolor abdominal. Se documentó colecistitis aguda, en la patología con hallazgos de citomegalovirus; adicionalmente, presentaba múltiples manifestaciones: síntomas respiratorios, sangrado gastrointestinal y pancitopenia. Se documentó infección por VIH y muestras serológicas e histológicas de citomegalovirus. Se hace diagnóstico de citomegalovirus diseminado en el contexto de infección por VIH.
Evidencia serológica de infección por Leptospira en estudiantes de medicina veterinaria en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Méndez R. Iván Alberto , Rodríguez Andrea , Pachón Diana , Cabrera Luis
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por Leptospira interrogans y es transmitida por contacto directo con secreciones animales o agua contaminada. Veterinarios y estudiantes de medicina veterinaria son población en riesgo de adquirir la infección.

Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de infección por Leptospira interrogans entre estudiantes de una facultad de medicina veterinaria en Bogotá, Colombia.

Métodos: Se procesaron 445 sueros por ELISA, de los cuales 42 muestras se analizaron mediante microaglutinación (MAT).

Resultados: La seroprevalencia a Leptospira por ELISA IgM fue del 7,9 % (35de 445). De ellos 34 sueros fueron positivos por MAT al menos para un serovar.

Conclusión: Este estudio confirma la utilidad del diagnóstico serológico en individuos con riesgo ocupacional para adquirir la leptospirosis y resalta la importancia del uso de barreras de protección para todas las poblaciones que tienen contacto regular con animales, incluidos los estudiantes de medicina veterinaria.
Asociación de las alteraciones del sueño con el déficit de atención e hiperactividad en pediatría
Authors: Sánchez Solano Nataly Judith , Sarmiento Acuña Karen Solanyi , Riascos Rosero Maricela Stefanía , Panqueva Centanaro Olga Patricia , Ruiz Morales Álvaro
Published: February 2020

El déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es uno de los trastornos del comportamiento más frecuentes en pediatría, que genera conductas maladaptativas inconsistentes con la edad y el desarrollo del niño. Recientemente ha despertado gran interés la alta coexistencia de este con trastornos de sueño, al igual que una posible causa bidireccional entre las alteraciones de la arquitectura del sueño y los síntomas principales del TDAH. El objetivo de esta revisión es encontrar la asociación entre el TDAH y los trastornos del sueño en la población pediátrica, evaluando a profundidad los documentos, con el fin de encontrar nivel de evidencia, para ampliar a futuro la intervención sobre el TDAH y optimizar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, a corto y largo plazos. Se realizó la búsqueda en Pubmed, Cochrane y Fabumed, escogiendo estudios en niños, con menos de 10 años de publicación, en inglés o español, con acceso completo. Se escogieron 52 estudios basándose en su calidad y nivel de evidencia.
Ceremonia de imposición de la bata blanca a los estudiantes de medicina: un acto simbólico contemporáneo
Authors: Hurtado Paula Margarita , Escobar Luis Alberto , Moreno Freddy
Published: February 2020

Introducción: El currículo de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, sede Cali, ha querido retomar e implementar diversas iniciativas y símbolos dentro de un “programa de profesionalismo” que busca promover valores éticos, morales y  humanistas en los estudiantes de medicina. La ceremonia de imposición de la bata blanca hace parte de este programa y constituye uno de los símbolos que se ha querido incorporar.Objetivo: Revisar los antecedentes de la ceremonia de imposición de batablanca en contraste con el significado que se le ha atribuido en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática en las bases bibliográficas de Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Hinari, SciELO y Google Schoolar, mediante el descriptor white coat ceremony para contrastar las experiencias reportadas en la literatura sobre dicha ceremonia con la experiencia de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.Resultados: Dado que la bata blanca es un símbolo ampliamente reconocido de la profesión médica por la humanidad, su ceremonia de imposición se constituye en un acto que exhorta a los estudiantes de medicina hacia el cumplimiento de las mismas obligaciones de los médicos desde su proceso de formación.Conclusión: La ceremonia de imposición de la bata blanca se constituye en un acto simbólico de transición que enmarca el paso de los estudiantes del ciclo fundamental al profesional y que en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali pretende exaltar los valores humanos esenciales de la medicina.
Manejo neuroquirúrgico de la neuralgia esencial del nervio glosofaríngeo
Authors: Baquero Hoyos María Mónica , Jacobo Vásquez Javier A. , Acevedo González Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

La neuralgia del glosofaríngeo es una patología poco frecuente. La incidencia es menor a uno por cada cien mil habitantes. Su etiología es secundaria a una compresión del nervio por una arteria (arteria vertebral o la ACIP). Produce un dolor lancinante localizado en la región posterior de la faringe y que puede acompañarse de otra sintomatología autonómica por el componente parasimpático del nervio. El tratamiento médico escalona anticonvulsivantes, opioides y medicamentos coadyuvantes. El manejo quirúrgico consiste en la descompresión microvascular que históricamente ha mostrado buenos resultados. Igualmente, el tratamiento percutáneo es de gran utilidad. Por lo general, la neuralgia del glosofaríngeo tiene un buen pronóstico con adecuado manejo y selección de los pacientes para tratamiento quirúrgico o percutáneo.
Termorrizotomía percutánea por radiofrecuencia para el tratamiento de la neuralgia esencial del nervio trigémino. Caso clínico
Authors: Acevedo González Juan Carlos , Durán Mora Daniel , Berbeo Calderón Miguel Enrique , Díaz Orduz Roberto Carlos , Feo Lee Óscar , Zorro Guío Óscar
Published: February 2020

La neuralgia del trigémino es el dolor neuropático unilateral, intenso, súbito, paroxístico y recurrente que aparece en el territorio del nervio. El dolor trigeminal puede ser “clásico” o “sintomático” y se diferencia por la presencia de déficit neurológico. Cuando el dolor se acompaña de déficit sensitivo o motor y existe una lesión estructural en relación con el nervio, es neuralgia sintomática. Cuando no existe lesión estructural o solo hay contacto anormal entre arteria/nervio, es clásica. Para su tratamiento existen diversos medicamentos antineuropáticos encabezados por la carbamacepina y la oxcarbacepina con la mayor de evidencia. Si no hay respuesta clínica, se ofrecen los procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos, entre los cuales la termorrizotomía percutánea por radiofrecuencia tiene mejor relación costo-beneficio. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente quien después de sufrir de forma crónica de una neuralgia esencial del nervio trigémino fue sometido a dicho procedimiento con mejoría significativa y recuperación sustancial de la calidad de vida.