bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The important role of astrocytes in activity pattern transition of the subthalamopallidal network related to Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhao Yuzhi , Zhang Honghui , Cao Zilu
Published: June 2024

This paper integrates astrocytes into the subthalamopallodal network model associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) to simulate the firing activity of this circuit. Under different network connectivity modes, we primarily investigate the role of astrocytes in the discharge rhythm of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe). First, with varying synaptic coupling, the STN-GPe model generates five typical waveforms corresponding to the severity of PD symptoms in a sparsely coupled network in turn. Subsequently, astrocytes are included in the STN-GPe circuit. When they have an inhibitory effect on the STN and an excitatory effect on the GPe, the pathological discharge pattern of the network can be destroyed or even eliminated under appropriate conditions. At the same time, the high degree of synchrony between neurons and the power of the beta band weakens. In addition, we find that the astrocytic effect on the GPe plays a dominant role in the regulatory process. Finally, the tightly coupled network can also generate five different, highly correlated sustained discharge waveforms, including in-phase and anti-phase cluster synchronization. The effective regulation of the pathological state of PD, which involves improvements in the discharge patterns, synchronization, and beta oscillations, is achieved when astrocytes inhibit the STN and excite the GPe. It is worth noting that the regulatory influence of astrocytes on PD is shown to be robust, and independent of the network connectivity, to some extent. This work contributes to understanding the role of astrocytes in PD, providing insights for the treatment and regulation of PD.
Qualitative analytical results of complex order nonlinear fractional differential equations with robust control scheme
Authors: Boutiara Abdelatif , Alzabut Jehad , Khan Hasib , Ahmed Saim , Azar Ahmad Taher
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript, our work was about a qualitative study for a class of multi-complex orders nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs). Our methodology utilized the topological degree theory and studied a novel operator tailored for non-singular FDEs with $ \mathrm{T} $-Riemann-Liouville (T-RL) fractional order derivatives. The primary objective was to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for both initial and boundary value problems within the intricated framework. With the help of topological degree theory, we contributed to a wider understanding of the structural aspects governing the behavior of the considered FDE. The novel operator proposing for non-singular FDEs added a unique dimension to our analytical problem, offering a versatile and effective means of addressing the challenges posed by these complex systems for their theoretical analysis. For the practical implications of our theoretical framework, we presented two concrete examples that reinforced and elucidated the key concepts introduced. These examples underscored our approach's viability and highlighted its potential applications in diverse scientific and engineering domains. Through this comprehensive exploration, we aimed to contribute significantly to advancing the theoretical foundation related to the study of multi-complex nonlinear FDEs. Moreover, a fixed-time terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) has been developed. This proposed control strategy for eliminating leukemic cells while maintaining normal cells was based on a chemotherapeutic treatment that was not only effective but also widely acknowledged to be safe. This strategy was evaluated using the fixed-time Lyapunov stability theory, and simulations were included to illustrate its performance in terms of tracking and convergence.
On an efficient numerical procedure for the Functionalized Cahn-Hilliard equation
Authors: Orizaga Saulo , Ifeacho Ogochukwu , Owusu Sampson
Published: June 2024

The Functionalized Cahn Hilliard (FCH) equation was used to model micro-phase separation in mixtures of amphiphilic molecules in solvent. In this paper, we proposed a Tri-Harmonic Modified (THM) numerical approach for efficiently solving the FCH equation with symmetric double well potential by extending the ideas of the Bi-harmonic Modified (BHM) method. THM formulation allowed for the nonlinear terms in the FCH equation to be computed explicitly, leading to fast evaluations at every time step. We investigated the convergence properties of the new approach by using benchmark problems for phase-field models, and we directly compared the performance of the THM method with the recently developed scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) schemes for the FCH equation. The THM modified scheme was able to produce smaller errors than those obtained from the SAV formulation. In addition to this direct comparison with the SAV schemes, we tested the adaptability of our scheme by using an extrapolation technique which allows for errors to be reduced for longer simulation runs. We also investigated the adaptability of the THM method to other 6th order partial differential equations (PDEs) by considering a more complex form of the FCH equation with nonsymmetric double well potential. Finally, we also couple the THM scheme with a higher order time-stepping method, (implicit-explicit) IMEX schemes, to demonstrate the robustness and adaptability of the new scheme. Numerical experiments are presented to investigate the performance of the new approach.
Drug repurposing for obsessive-compulsive disorder using deep learning-based binding affinity prediction models
Authors: Papikinos Thomas , Krokidis Marios , Vrahatis Aris , Vlamos Panagiotis , Exarchos Themis P.
Published: June 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disease in which patients suffer from obsessions compelling them to engage in specific rituals as a temporary measure to alleviate stress. In this study, deep learning-based methods were used to build three models which predict the likelihood of a molecule interacting with three biological targets relevant to OCD, SERT, D2, and NMDA. Then, an ensemble model based on those models was created which underwent external validation on a large drug database using random sampling. Finally, case studies of molecules exhibiting high scores underwent bibliographic validation showcasing that good performance in the ensemble model can indicate connection with OCD pathophysiology, suggesting that it can be used to screen molecule databases for drug-repurposing purposes.
Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide, Epilobium and Calendula suppositories for the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III
Authors: Morgia Giuseppe , Lo Giudice Arturo , Carrino Maurizio , Voce Salvatore , Cocci Andrea , Reale Giulio , Minervini Andrea , Cimino Sebastiano , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Zingone Francesca
Published: June 2024

Objective: The management of chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III (CP/CPPS) has been always considered complex due to several biopsychological factors underlying the disease. In this clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with Palmitoylethanolamide, Epilobium and Calendula extract in patients with CP/CPPS III.Materials and methods: From June 2023 to July 2023, we enrolled 45 consecutive patients affected by CP/CPPS type III in three different institution. We included patients aged between 18 and 75 years with symptoms of pelvic pain for 3 months or more before the study, a total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score ≥ 12 point and diagnosed with NIH category III, according to 4-glass test Meares-Stamey test. Patients were then allocated to receive rectal suppositories of PEA, Epilobium and Calendula, 1 suppository/ die for 1 month. All patients have been tested with standard urinalysis in order to assess urinary leukocytes (U-WBC). The primary endpoint of the study was the reduction of NIHCPSI. The secondary outcomes were the change of peak flow, post-void residual (PVR), IIEF-5, VAS score, PSA and decrease of U-WBC.Results: A total of 45 patients concluded the study protocol. At baseline, the median age of all the patients included in the cohort was 49 years, the median PSA was 2.81 ng/ml, the median NIH-CPSI was 18.55, the median IIEF-5 was 18.27, the median U-WBC was 485.3/mmc, the median VAS score was 6.49, the median PVR was 26.5 ml and the median peak flow was 16.3 ml/s. After 1 month of therapy we observed a statistically significant improvement of NIH-CPSI, U-WBC, PSA, IIEF-5, peak flow, PVR and VAS.Conclusions: In this observational study, we showed the clinical efficacy of the treatment with PEA, Epilobium and Calendula, 1 suppository/die for 1 month, in patients with CP/CPPS III. The benefits of this treatment could be related to the reduction of inflammatory cells in the urine that could imply a reduction of inflammatory cytokines. These results should be confirmed in further studies with greater sample size.
Evaluation of oxaliplatin and tigio combination therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Teng , Zhang Li-Yun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is a common malignant tumor. In recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has gradually become popular for the treatment of LAGC.

AIM

To investigate the efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with a tigio neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen vs a conventional chemotherapy regimen for LAGC.

METHODS

Ninety patients with LAGC were selected and randomly divided into control and study groups with 45 patients in each group, according to the numerical table method. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapy, and the study group was treated with oxaliplatin combined with tigio-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome measures were the clinical objective response rate (ORR) and surgical resection rate (SRR), whereas the secondary outcome measures were safety and Karnofsky Performance Status score.

RESULTS

The ORR in the study group was 80.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.78%). In the study group, SRR was 75.56%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (57.78%). There were 15.56% adverse reactions in the study group and 35.56% in the control group. These differences were statistically significant between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

The combination of oxaliplatin and tigio before surgery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with LAGC can effectively improve the ORR and SRR and is safe.
Clinical effect of spleen aminopeptide on improving liver function damage and immune function in children with infant hepatitis syndrome
Authors: Fang Xiao-Qing , Gan Tian , Wang Lie-Min
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Infant hepatitis syndrome (IHS) is a clinical syndrome in infants less than one year of age with generalized skin jaundice, abnormal liver function, and hepatomegaly due to various etiologies such as infection.

AIM

To investigate the effect of IHS patients, after treatment with arsphenamine-based peptides, on patients' liver function damage and immune function.

METHODS

Of 110 patients with IHS treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were grouped according to the randomized residual grouping method, with 5 cases in each group shed due to transfer, etc. Ultimately, 50 cases remained in each group. The control group was treated with reduced glutathione, and the treatment group was treated with sesquiterpene peptide based on the control group. Observe and compare the differences in indicators after treatment.

RESULTS

The comparison of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and serum alanine transferase after treatment was significantly different and lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The comparison of CD4+, CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ after treatment was significantly different and higher in the treatment group than in the control group, and the comparison was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The complication of the two groups showed that the rash, cough and sputum, elevated platelets, and gastrointestinal reactions in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant by test (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The comparative study of IHS treated with arsphenamine combined with reduced glutathione is more effective.
Analysis of cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A evidence-based medicine study
Authors: Zhou Yin-Jie , Tan Zhi-E , Zhuang Wei-Da , Xu Xin-Hua
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a common malignancy whose treatment has been a clinical challenge. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) plays a crucial role in assessing patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. However, there is still limited research on the factors affecting CSS in mCRC patients and their correlation.

AIM

To predict CSS, we developed a new nomogram model and risk grading system to classify risk levels in patients with mCRC.

METHODS

Data were extracted from the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2018 to 2023. All eligible patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the independent risk factors for CSS. A new nomogram model was developed to predict CSS and was evaluated through internal and external validation.

RESULTS

A multivariate Cox proportional risk model was used to identify independent risk factors for CSS. Then, new CSS columns were developed based on these factors. The consistency index (C-index) of the histogram was 0.718 (95%CI: 0.712-0.725), and that of the validation cohort was 0.722 (95%CI: 0.711-0.732), indicating good discrimination ability and better performance than tumor-node-metastasis staging (C-index: 0.712-0.732). For the training set, 0.533, 95%CI: 0.525-0.540; for the verification set, 0.524, 95%CI: 0.513-0.535. The calibration map and clinical decision curve showed good agreement and good potential clinical validity. The risk grading system divided all patients into three groups, and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed good stratification and differentiation of CSS between different groups. The median CSS times in the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups were 36 months (95%CI: 34.987-37.013), 18 months (95%CI: 17.273-18.727), and 5 months (95%CI: 4.503-5.497), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Our study developed a new nomogram model to predict CSS in patients with synchronous mCRC. In addition, the risk-grading system helps to accurately assess patient prognosis and guide treatment.
Peritoneal fluid indocyanine green test for diagnosis of gut leakage in anastomotic leakage rats and colorectal surgery patients
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Tian-Yang , Weng Jie-Feng , Liu Hui , Xu Yu-Jie , Zhang Shuai , Gu Wei-Li
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Application of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence has led to new developments in gastrointestinal surgery. However, little is known about the use of ICG for the diagnosis of postoperative gut leakage (GL). In addition, there is a lack of rapid and intuitive methods to definitively diagnose postoperative GL.

AIM

To investigate the effect of ICG in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage in a surgical rat GL model and evaluate its diagnostic value in colorectal surgery patients.

METHODS

Sixteen rats were divided into two groups: GL group (n = 8) and sham group (n = 8). Approximately 0.5 mL of ICG (2.5 mg/mL) was intravenously injected postoperatively. The peritoneal fluid was collected for the fluorescence test at 24 and 48 h. Six patients with rectal cancer who had undergone laparoscopic rectal cancer resection plus enterostomies were injected with 10 mL of ICG (2.5 mg/mL) on postoperative day 1. Their ostomy fluids were collected 24 h after ICG injection to identify the possibility of the ICG excreting from the peripheral veins to the enterostomy stoma. Participants who had undergone colectomy or rectal cancer resection were enrolled in the diagnostic test. The peritoneal fluids from drainage were collected 24 h after ICG injection. The ICG fluorescence test was conducted using OptoMedic endoscopy along with a near-infrared fluorescent imaging system.

RESULTS

The peritoneal fluids from the GL group showed ICG-dependent green fluorescence in contrast to the sham group. Six samples of ostomy fluids showed green fluorescence, indicating the possibility of ICG excreting from the peripheral veins to the enterostomy stoma in patients. The peritoneal fluid ICG test exhibited a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 83.3% for the diagnosis of GL. The positive predictive value was 71.4%, while the negative predictive value was 100%. The likelihood ratios were 6.0 for a positive test result and 0 for a negative result.

CONCLUSION

The postoperative ICG test in a drainage tube is a valuable and simple technique for the diagnosis of GL. Hence, it should be employed in clinical settings in patients with suspected GL.
No-touch isolation technique in emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy for neoplastic hemorrhage: Two case reports and review of literature
Authors: Cho Akihiro , Katagiri Satoshi , Ota Masao , Onizawa Shunsuke , Higuchi Ryota , Sugishita Toshiya , Niwa Yukiko , Ishita Takeshi , Mouri Toshihiko , Kato Akita , Iwata Moe
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy (EPD) is a rare event for complex periampullary etiology. Increased intraoperative blood loss is correlated with poor postoperative outcomes.

CASE SUMMARY

Two patients underwent EPD using a no-touch isolation technique, in which all arteries supplying the pancreatic head region were ligated and divided before manipulation of the pancreatic head and duodenum. The operative times were 220 and 239 min, and the blood loss was 70 and 270 g, respectively. The patients were discharged on the 14th and 10th postoperative day, respectively. Thirty-two patients underwent EPD for the treatment of neoplastic bleeding. The mean operative time was 361.6 min, and the mean blood loss was 747.3 g. The complication rate was 37.5%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.38%.

CONCLUSION

The no-touch isolation technique is feasible, safe, and effective for reducing intraoperative blood loss in EPD.
Malignant myopericytoma originating from the colon: A case report
Authors: Zhang Heng-Li , Zhang Min , Guo Jing-Qiang , Wu Fang-Nan , Zhu Jin-De , Tu Chao-Yong , Lv Xin-Liang , Zhang Kun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Myopericytoma is a benign tumor that typically occurs within subcutaneous tissue and most often involves the distal extremities, followed by the proximal extremities, neck, thoracic vertebrae and oral cavity. Complete resection is often curative. Malignant myopericytoma is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. Here, we report for the first time a case of malignant myopericytoma originating from the colon.

CASE SUMMARY

A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with right upper quadrant pain for five days. Imaging suggested a liver mass with hemorrhage. A malignant hepatic tumor was the initial diagnosis. Surgical resection was performed after a complete preoperative work up. Initial postoperative pathology suggested that the mass was a malignant myoblastoma unrelated to the liver. Four months after the first surgery, an enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a recurrence of the tumor. The diagnosis of malignant myopericytoma derived from the colon was confirmed on histopathological examination of the specimen from the second surgery. The patient did not return to the hospital regularly for surveillance. The first postoperative abdominal CT examination six months after the second surgery demonstrated multiple liver metastases. Survival time between the diagnosis of the tumor to death was approximately one year.

CONCLUSION

Malignant myopericytoma is a rare cancer. Preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. Due to a lack of treatment options, prognosis is poor.
Evaluating bacterial contamination and surgical site infection risks in intracorporeal anastomosis: Role of bowel preparation
Authors: Lee Junho
Published: June 2024

We recently read the study by Kayano et al on intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) for colon cancer, which assessed bacterial contamination and medium-term oncological outcomes and affirmed that IA is analogous to extracorporeal anastomosis in reducing intraperitoneal bacterial risk and achieving similar oncological results. Our commentary addresses gaps, particularly concerning bowel preparation and surgical site infections (SSIs), and highlights the need for comprehensive details on the bowel preparation methods that are currently employed, including mechanical bowel preparation, oral antibiotics (OA), their combination, and specific OA types. We emphasize the necessity for further analyses that investigate these methods and their correlation with SSI rates, to enhance clinical protocol guidance and optimize surgical outcomes. Such meticulous analyses are essential for refining strategies to effectively mitigate SSI risk in colorectal surgeries.
Reference Values and Prediction Equation for Six-Minute Walk Distance in Children Aged 6-12 Years
Authors: Fatudimu M.B , Okoro W.O , Hamzat T.K
Published: June 2024

The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a self-paced, inexpensive sub-maximal exercise test used as a reliable and valid measure of exercise capacity in children and adolescents. The American Thoracic Society has recommended establishment of specific reference values for Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for each population in various age groupings and ethnicities. However, limited information exists on reference values for different age groups in Nigeria. This study was designed to generate reference values for apparently healthy Nigerian children, aged 6-12 years. . This cross-sectional study involving 334 apparently healthy Nigerian children was approved by the appropriate Health Research Ethics Committee. Their physical and selected physiologicalcharacteristics were measured and determined, as appropriate. Each participant had a single trial of the 6MWT and distance covered was recorded. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics at p<0.05. Results showed the mean 6MWD of all participants was 504.38± 66.16m. The males had a significantly higher 6MWD. Age, weight and height, correlated significantly with the 6MWD. Prediction equations were derived from the physical characteristics of the children for 6MWD. Height and BMI were found to be significant predictors of 6MWD in all the participants. Percentiles and quartile deviations were also reported. The outcome of this study provided the reference value of 456m-506m for the Six-Minute Walk Distance among the apparently healthy Nigerian children aged 6 to 12 years. The prediction equation derived in this study has both clinical and field usefulness with regards physical performance by children of this age-range.
Neurobehavioural and Histological Alterations in Lead Acetate-Exposed Rats Pretreated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina
Authors: Enogieru A.B , Egbon F.O
Published: June 2024

Lead is a systemic toxicant that affects virtually every organ system, primarily the central nervous system, through an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This increase in ROS overwhelms the natural antioxidant system of the body leading to oxidative stress. Some plants such as Vernonia amygdalina have been reported to possess antioxidant activity which counteracts the damage induced by free radicals. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the possible protective activity of aqueous Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract against lead-induced neurotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats were randomised into six groups (A-F) consisting of five rats each for a study period of 28 days. Group A served as the control group, Group B was administered with 100mg/kg body weight of lead only, Groups C and D were pretreated with 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg bodyweight of aqueous Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract and 100mg/kg body weight of lead respectively. Groups E and F were administered with 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of aqueous Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract only. The Open field and Novel Object Recognition tests were assessed and thereafter, the cerebellum, cerebrum and hippocampus were harvested for histological examination. Results showed a significant decrease in the body and brain weights, ambulation, rearing and discrimination index as well as a conversely significant increase in grooming and immobility in lead-treated rats. Histological examination of lead-alone treated groups showed loss of some Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, degenerating pyramidal cells in the cerebrum and altered morphology with pyknotic nuclei in the hippocampus. Pretreatment of rats with Vernonia amygdalinaattenuated lead-induced alterations to body and brain weights, neurobehavioural activities and tissue histomorphology, thus indicating a potent protective activity. These findings provide the first research evidence that Vernonia amygdalina protects against lead-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats.
Augmentation of Gut Microbiome improves Melatonin concentration, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Steroidogenesis in Light-polluted Rat
Authors: Medubi O.O , Medubi L.J , Lawal R.O , Babalola M.O , Olusoga S , Oluokun S
Published: June 2024

Altering the natural circadian rhythm by prolonged exposure to light is known to alter reproductive functions in many species including humans. However, it is not clear if augmentation of the gut microbiome can protect male reproductive function when exposed to light pollution. The current study was designed to investigate if the administration of probiotics (pro) will mitigate the disruptive effect of light pollution on melatonin concentration, semen parameters and testicular steroidogenesis in the rat.Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups (n=5) consisting of the no-Pro/12hrs group that had 12:12 hrs light:dark cycle only; the Pro/12hrs group that had 12:12 hrs light:dark cycle plus probiotic supplementation; the no-Pro/16hrs that had 16:8 hrs light:dark cycle; the Pro/16hrs that had 12:12 hr light:dark cycle in addition to probiotic supplementation; the no-Pro/24hrs that had 24:0 hrs light:dark cycle; and the Pro/24hrs that had 24:0 hrs light:dark cycle plus probiotic supplementation. Each animal in the probiotic groups was fed a 10×106 colony-forming unit of lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum every other day. Experiment lasted for 21 consecutive days. Probiotic administration significantly (p<0.05) increased circulating levels of melatonin, testosterone, and estradiol compared with control and no-pro 16hrs and 24hrs light-polluted groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and corticosterone levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced while antioxidants activities significantly (p<0.05) increased in the testis and epididymis. Sperm motility and concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased in the pro groups compared with control and no-pro groups. Augmentation of the gut microbiome might play a significant role in improving male reproductive function during light pollution
The Management of Cancer in Ghana Using Three Selected Public Health Theories
Authors: Kyei K.A , Kyei J.B , Kitson-Mills D , Daniels J , Biney I.J.K , Mahama B
Published: June 2024

Cancer affects all manner of persons irrespective of culture, socioeconomic status or background and usually takes a grave psychological toll on patients. In Ghana, the minimal level of awareness of this disease coupled with late presentation, inaccurate diagnosis and sometimes delayed initiation of treatment stirs up anxiety and depression in patients receiving antineoplastic therapy. Such anxiety and depression if not adequately managed can negatively affect patients’ response to treatment. This report proposes the path-goal theory, the situational theory and the behavioural theory as the three most ideal styles of leadership theories required in the management of patients undergoing therapy for cancer. The report also outlines steps for a systematic and comprehensive way of assessment as well as the management of cancer in Ghana.
Assessment of value variations in compensation of mineral land in Bin Yauri and Garin Awwal, Kebbi State
Authors: Abdulazeez H.O. , Abdulazeez H.O. , Bello V.A. , Adewusi O.A.
Published: June 2024

The rising issue of variation in value of land has continued to affect fair compensation for acquired mineral land. Therefore, this study examined three ways of assessing the value of mineral land for compensation in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data were sourced from both the primary and secondary sources. The sampling method was purposive which deals strictly with those that were affected by the mining activities. Questionnaire was used to obtain information on the amount negotiated as compensation value from a sample size of 72 claimants out of a sample frame of 138, while values based on Nigeria Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 and World Bank Operational Policy 4.12 were calculated based on criteria of each respectively. The three values obtained were subjected to one-way ANOVA test of significant differences. The results showed that there is a significant differences in the compensation values obtained using existing practice (Negotiation), legal provisions (NMM Act, 2007) and international standard practice (Word Bank Operational Policy 4.12), with each of the three methods having a p-value of 0.000 which is less than 0.05 {F (21) = 32.986, p < 0.05);F (50) =14659.2, p < 0 .05);F (71) = 2475.276, p < 0.05} respectively. The study recommends that claimants should engage experts to value their land before going in for negotiation as this will give them a base on which to leverage their negotiation.
Management of bid evaluation risks in procurement of construction projects of public tertiary institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman S. , Saidu I I. , Adamu A.D. , Tsado A.J.
Published: June 2024

Bid evaluation stage in project procurement is considered to be one of the critical stages in the public procurement process in Nigeria. This stage determines the outcome of tendering process and can easily be manipulated by procurement officer that wants to favour a particular bidder to be awarded a contract. However, this stage is plagued with risks that impact on contract parties and project objectives. Thus, this article aimed to assess bid evaluation risks management startegies for construction procurement of tertiary institution in Nigeria with a view to ensuring effective delivery of construction projects. The study employed the survey design approach by administering 150 structured questionnaires to purposively selected construction professionals of procurement and physical planning units of tertiary institutions in three states and the Federal Capital Territory. The collected data were analysed using relative Importance Index (RII) to identify relatively the most important risks factors in the bid evaluation stage of procurement process . Regression analysis was employed to determine the impact of the identified bid evaluation risk factors on parties and the impact on project objectives. The study found that in -house information leakages to bidders (RII= 0.97), failure to declare a winner leading to subjective discussions or development of new criteria (RII= 0.87), unclear definition of technical specification (RII=0.85)  and use of inappropriate evaluation criteria (RII= 0.80), are the important bid evaluation risks factors in construction procurement procurement. The study also found that the bid evaluation risks have statistically significant impact on project objective s in terms of time, cost, quality, safety and environment; as well as the parties to the contract all with p p-values less than 0.05 significance level level. It concluded that any change in the bid evaluation risk factors would lead to a corresponding change in the project objectives. It is recommended that procurement officer should use checklist guide and brainstorm on measure to beestablished to control bid evaluation risks for effective delivery of construc tion projects.
Pressure volume temperature evaluation of Sapele Field, Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Mujakperuo B.J.O , Airen O.J.
Published: June 2024

Sapele field is a large, brown field with complex subsurface structure that has led to heavy compartmentalization of its reservoirs which has also resulted to low reservoir pressure in some parts of the field leading to low production output. Reservoirs were delineated at various depth, some at near surface area (Benin formation) while others at greater depth (Agbada formation), hence the field was further subdivided into two (Sapele Shallow and Sapele Deep) due to its structural complexity. Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) laboratory analysis on different wells was available for this study and the viscosity of the reservoir fluid was measured using an Electromagnetic Viscometer (EMV) at reservoir temperatures of 129 0F and 207 0F. These data were used in determining hydrocarbon chemical composition, its viscosity, specific gravity, density, and American Petroleum Institute (API) unit. Sapele Shallow reservoir is made up of heavy oil as its hydrocarbon content as a result of biodegradation process in which micro-organisms degrade the light hydrocarbons due to the shallow nature of the reservoir in the field, making it rich in heavy molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. While Sapele Deep is made up of heavily compartmentalized reservoirs with gas and light oil as its hydrocarbon content. Hence the field requires different exploitation and production approach to fully annex its reservoir hydrocarbon content.
Influence of population size on the trend in rural land use change in Rongo Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Mwai F.N. , Majale C.
Published: June 2024

Trends in rural land use change are significant for the economic viability of any country as it contributes to the general health of any bionetwork by promoting conservation. The information on the aspects of population size that influence the trends in land use change is thus crucial for the formulation of policies that can guide common rural land uses such as settlements and agriculture. This paper examines the influence of population size on the trend in rural land use change trends in Rongo Sub-County. The study used a descriptive research design and collected primary data through questionnaires, observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and satellite imagery. A total of 384 respondents were selected using cluster random sampling. A review of relevant literature was adopted to acquire secondary data. The study used descriptive statistics in analysing the quantitative data, while qualitative data was analysed thematically. Findings which were presented in tables and charts show that the study area’s population has increased by 45.5% over the study period (2002-2022) and that there is an increased number of households. Consequently, there is an expansion of farmlands for the production of food and a continuous increase of the area under settlements. The study recommends the development and implementation of policies that can influence the aspects associated with rural land use change transition tendencies.
Influence of household socioeconomic factors on user’s satisfaction with sanitation technologies in Kisumu City, Kenya
Authors: Ocholla G. , Mireri C. , Letema S.
Published: June 2024

The global sanitation crisis is urbanizing, with more than half of human excreta produced in global south cities not properly disposed of. However, most interventions addressing poor sanitation services have focused much more on infrastructure provision with less consideration for the user satisfaction. This paper contributes towards advancing this discussion by expounding on how socioeconomic factors influence sanitation service satisfaction in Kisumu city, Kenya. The paper is based on a survey of 384 households and focus group discussions. The results are analysed using ordinal logistic regression and sanitation technology satisfaction index is computed by combining users’ satisfaction with service delivery indicators. Analysis shows that income and sanitation technology are significant determinants of sanitation odour (p<0.1), while education, tenancy, income, and sanitation technology are significant determinants of sanitation accessibility (p<0.1). The index shows that users of sewer connection are the most satisfied with sanitation service delivery at 30.71 % as compared to the users of biogas latrine who are the most dissatisfied at 0.38%. Qualitative results reveal a myriad of reasons influencing users’ satisfaction with off-site and on-site sanitation technologies. The paper highlights the pivotal role played by socioeconomic factors in the provision of safe, affordable, secure, and dignified sanitation services in cities. The study recommends the adoption of enabling policy framework and capacity build of sanitation service watchdog organizations to periodically capture, document, and share information on the users’ perspectives on the services accessed by the citizenry with relevant state and non-state agencies for action.
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Sediments and Groundwater from Selected Areas in Funtua Town, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Tyongiga S. , Atsue T. , Joseph E.
Published: June 2024

Natural radionuclides, particularly 238U, 232Th, and 40K are the main sources of radiation exposure. Therefore, their detection is key to radiation safety measurement, among others. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the natural radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K of 15 sediment and water samples from selected locations in Funtua town, Katsina state, Nigeria using gamma spectroscopy NaI (TI) and CR-39 Can detectors respectively.  Data obtained show that, the activity concentrations in the sediment samples were found to range between 11.50 - 61.89, 7.15 – 69.46, and 646.01 – 1368.33 Bq/kg with average activity concentrations of 37.15, 35.66, and 914.73 Bq/kg for 238U,232Th, and 40K, respectively. These average values exceeded the worldwide values of 25, 25, and 370 Bq/kg respectively. In water samples, the values of 238U ranged from 0.20 to 36.78 Bq/L ( ); activity concentration values for 232Th radionuclide ranged from 2.75 Bq/L to 76.90 Bq/L ( ) and that of 40K radionuclide ranged from 42.28 Bq/L to 179.95 Bq/L ( ) respectively. These values are higher than the recommended value of 30000 g/L as reported by the EPA. The average activity concentrations of 238U,232Th, and 40K were found to be higher in the sediment samples than in the water samples. The estimated total annual effective dose AED in the water sample was found to be less than the worldwide values of 0.1mSv/y or 0.2 to 0.8. The excess life cancer risk ELCR of radon in the water ranged from 0.0983×10-4 to 1.8084×10-4 with a mean value of 0.7949×10-4. This value is less than the worldwide limit of 1.0×10-4. Therefore, the groundwater (wells) in Funtua town is said to be safe based on the effects of the activity concentrations of these natural primordial radionuclides and radon on the environment. However, the need for continuous monitoring should be a priority.
Spatial Distribution and Status of Biota Habitats in the Forest Reserves of Omo and Ago-Owu in Ogun State, Oluwa in Ondo State, and Ife and Shaha in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyedepo J. A. , Ogunsesan A. A.
Published: June 2024

The biota comprises all living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants, animals) that inhabit a given area. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the spatial distribution and status of biota habitats in the forest reserves of Omo and Ago-Owu in Ogun State, Oluwa in Ondo State, and Ife and Shaha in Osun State of southwestern Nigeria using appropriate standard techniques. The field surveys were conducted in relation to a 5 km × 5 km grid of cells across the target region. Twenty-three transects 5 km in length were created, and walks of 2.5 km from the boundary to the center of the grid cell enabled observation and data collection in these forest complexes. Mammals were detected at very low rates, especially in the Osun reserves. From the 23 transects totaling 115 km, only 140 mammals were encountered. Most large mammals, particularly elephants, are relatively abundant across much of the western Omo Forest. Hunters’ reports showed that chimpanzees are still present in southern Shasha and in Oluwa Forests. Our assessment revealed that except for the 4.6 km2 Strict Natural Biosphere Reserve in Omo, all the remaining natural forests have been heavily damaged by many years of intensive logging. However, if protected and given time, these forests can still regenerate.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. and Thonn.) Taub. whole fruit
Authors: Ogunlakin Daniel Akingbolabo , Sonibare Mubo Adeola
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate toxicity, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Tetrapleura tetraptera whole fruits. Phytochemical screening of the extract identified the presence of alkaloid, saponin and flavonoid. The total phenolic contents of methanol extract, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions are of 38.63 ± 8.11, 52.41 ± 1.92, 8.16 ± 0.36 and 5.16 ± 0.56 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, respectively, while methanol extract, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had total flavonoid contents of 6.87 ± 0.81, 7.44 ± 0.78, 12.38 ± 0.72 and 9.32 ± 0.37 mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively. The IC50 for DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extract, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions are 192±2.01, 226.67±1.40, 73.33±1.86 and 127.33±3.18μg/mL respectively. The IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 18.44±1.20 μg/mL. The methanol extract of T. tetraptera fruit (1g/kg bw.) produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction of fasting blood glucose level. There was an increase in the plasma level of ALT in T. tetraptera treated rats compared to the control. According to histopathological examinations of the pancreas of diabetic rats given methanol extract treatment, the pancreatic islets' size was noticeably reduced, the islets of Langerhans' outlines were atypical, and there were numerous hemorrhages throughout the organ. These results indicate that the fruit of T. tetraptera may be a source for future oral hypoglycemic drug development.
Challenges Confronting Cattle Farmers in Selected Farms in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria
Authors: Talabi Adewale O. , Sanni Fatimah Adenike , Adeleke Gabriel Adebayo , Awoyomi Olajoju J. , Adeleye Olushola E.
Published: June 2024

Challenges confronting commercial cattle farms have caused the decrease in the productivity of cattle enterprises in Ogun and Oyo  States, Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the challenges confronting cattle farmers in selected farms in Ogun and Oyo  States. A semi-structured questionnaire was produced for 120 farmers which were equally distributed between the two states to gather  relevant information that addressed the specific objectives of the study. The results showed that the farms in both States were  characterized and grouped based on herd size, types of operation and years of operation. The herd size of 51-100 had the highest  frequency (47; 39.2%) and 101-150 had the least frequency (12; 10%). Mixed farms had the highest frequency in types of operation (68,  56.7%) while dairy farms had the least (3, 2.5%). The years of operation greater than 10 years had the highest (53, 44%) while 1-5 years  had the least. The farmers challenges include inadequate grazing area, disease, ectoparasitic infestation and non-availability of breeding stock among others. The levels of exposure to risk were based on the types of operation, years of operation, the state where the farm  exist and herd size. The highest levels of frequency were used to determine the level of risk. In conclusion, commercial cattle farmers in  Ogun and Oyo states are confronted with numerous challenges which range from inadequate grazing land, ectoparasites and diseases  attack to lack of breeding stock. It is recommended that the Government of Nigeria should increase funding support to cattle farmers  across the states for training on intensive management system, bio-security, water resources management, research and extension  activities in the cattle production sector.
Growth Performance, Gut Histology and Anti-Coccidial Effect of Aqueous Blends of Scent Leaf, Ginger and Garlic in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Okusanya Phebe O. , Akinlad Olamilekan O. , Jarikre Theophilus A. , Ockiya Micheal A.
Published: June 2024

This study was carried out to know the effects of scent leaf, ginger and garlic aqueous blend on the growth performance and intestinal  coccidial oocysts in starter broiler chicken. One hundred and twenty (Cobb 500) broiler chicks were allotted to four treatments of thirty  birds each and denoted as T1, T2, T3, and T4. The treatments were further subdivided into replicates of (10) birds each. Chicken on  Treatment one (T1) received synthetic drugs, when necessary, in their drinking water while others were given aqueous blends of scent  leaf (SLAE), garlic (GIAE), and ginger (GAAE) in their drinking water at 50ml/litre, respectively. Variations were observed among the  treatments, in final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and coccidial oocysts count (FBW, FCR, and COC). Birds given GAAE in their  drinking water had better FCR (2.31) than SLAE (2.48), GIAE (2.55) and control (3.02). The oocyst count observed from the treatments  varied significantly. The initial oocyst count reveals the presence of coccidial oocyst in the feaces of the chicken across the treatments. A  significant reduction was observed in the oocyst count weekly across the groups but remained higher in the control group until the anti- coccidial drug was administered. Treatment 4 (50 mL/Lit GAAE) shows no egg count (NEC) from the second week. This study concluded  that 50 milliliters of; SLAE, GIAE, and GAAE added to one liter of drinking water can be employed as anti-coccidials and growth boosters in  the production of broiler chickens.
Serological Investigation of Equine Influenza Virus in Polo Horses at the 2021 Jos Polo Tournament, Plateau State
Authors: Omoniwa David Oludare , Edeh Emmanuel Richard , Adola Jolly Amoche , Oyetunde Joshua , Alaba Bukola , Oyekan Oluwamuyiwa , Meseko Clement Adebajo
Published: June 2024

Equine influenza (EI) is an important respiratory disease of equidae caused by the Equine influenza virus (EIV). The H3N8 and the H7N7  strains of the EIV have been reported in outbreaks of EI. Clinical signs exhibited by infected horses include but are not limited to pyrexia,  dry, harsh cough, clear nasal discharge which may turn purulent a few days later, anorexia and lethargy. In this study, 115 polo horses  from Kaduna, Nassarawa, Niger, Abuja FCT, Bauchi and Adamawa that participated in the 2021 Jos Polo Tournament were screened for  EIV to ascertain the seroprevalence of EIV in these group of horses. Theses sera samples were tested using a specific commercially  available indirect Influenza A Virus Antibody ELISA Test Kit (IDEXX Influenza A Test Kit). An overall prevalence of 51.3% was obtained.  Subset of ELISA reactive sera were analysed by Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) for subtype H3 and 6 out of 20 (30%) had up to 3log2 HI  titre . In this study, the prevalence of influenza A was highest in female and Argentine horses. The effect of sex breed and location was  statistically not significant. Additionally, this study showed that seropositive horses were present in each of the states represented,  implying that EIV is still circulating in Nigeria. This study therefore highlights the need for regular monitoring and surveillance of equidae population in Nigeria for EIV to improve our understanding of EI and help in the formulation of national control strategies for EI.