bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping participatory planning in Havana: patchwork legacies for a strengthened local governance
Authors: Ortiz Catalina , Vallejo Alejandro , Peña Jorge , Morris Emily , Cazanave Macías Joiselen , Proenza González Dayané
Published: July 2021

In 2019, Cuba approved a new political constitution that calls for deepening citizen participation to strengthen local governance. The emerging decentralization processes and the role of new actors in urban development open new possibilities for inclusive planning. While citizen participation is widely documented in the global South and under Western liberal democracy regimes, participatory urban planning in the context of Southern socialist cities such as Havana has been less scrutinized. This paper aims at mapping the framings, trajectories and legacies of such participatory planning initiatives. Based on mapping workshops and desktop research, we find that participatory initiatives within Havana are spatially dispersed, sporadic, lacking at the city level, and occurring in isolation at the neighbourhood level. We argue that establishing sustained participatory urban planning practices in Havana requires decision makers to scale outwards and upwards the lessons learned from existing initiatives to foster a city-wide participatory planning strategy.
Effect of size and shape of nanofillers on electrostatic and thermal behavior of epoxy-based composites
Authors: Velani Mihir N , Patel Ritesh R
Published: July 2021

The role of nanodielectrics in the electrical power system is becoming crucial owing to its superior properties and potential applications in the field. Yet, the materials face limited breakdown strength and thermal properties. Further, the nanodielectrics have not found a comprehensive commercial platform because of the costly manufacturing process, and characterization and testing facilities. Therefore, to reduce the involved cost, in this work, an FE (finite element) based computational technique has been implemented to visualize the effect of shape, size, and filler concentration under the application of high voltage (HV). The epoxy-based nanodielectrics have been modeled incorporating a range of different shapes and size nanofillers—Al2O3, BN, BeO, SiO2, and TiO2. The paper discusses the 2D-analysis of the modeled nanodielectric in the steady-state electrostatic fields and thermal domains. It shows the insights of the nanofillers’ choice to ensure a perfect blend of electrical and thermal properties. The epoxy with square-shaped BeO fillers showed a rise in the electric field of nearly 1.5 times than unfilled neat epoxy, which indicates a significant surge in thermal conductivity at specific filler loading.
Managing Digital Identities: A Grounded Theory of Mental Health Professionals’ Participation in Online Social Networking
Authors: Lopez Kara S. , Robbins Susan P.
Published: July 2021

Despite the meteoric rise of social media, little is known about how clinical social workers and other mental health professionals respond to this new form of communication. This study used classic (Glaserian) grounded theory methodology to explore the experiences and concerns of mental health professionals on social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The main concern that emerged out of research interviews with 26 mental health professionals was a loss of control over others’ perceptions and the loss of ability to compartmentalize the different parts of identities associated with personal and professional selves. Participants resolved these concerns through the author-identified basic social process of “managing digital identities.” This study highlights practice implications for professionals as they manage online identity.
Profile, Treatment, and Survival of Palliative Cancer Patients in a Middle Income Country’s Cancer Center
Authors: Allende-Perez Silvia Rosa , Peña-Nieves Adriana , Gómez Miguel Ángel Herrera , Nicolau Estefania de la Paz , Verástegui-Avilés Emma
Published: July 2021

Background:

Data describing the characteristics, treatment, and survival of oncological patients referred to PCS remains scarce. Aim: To establish the characteristics of oncological patients referred to PCS, including their profile, treatment, and survival within a 7-year period.

Design:

Retrospective review of medical records. Clinical variables such as treatment and dates were included. Ji2 or Wilcoxon tests were used accordingly; Kaplan-Meier and log rank test were used to estimate survival.

Setting/Participants:

Consecutive oncological patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 sent to PCS were included.

Results:

We studied 5,631 patients, 58% female and 59% at advanced stage. Median age was 59 years, with 6 years or less of formal education and low monthly income ($152.4 USD). Neoplasms included breast (12%), stomach (12%), colorectal (10%) and cervical cancer (9%). Median referral time was 5.1 months; pain was the main reason for referral. Morphine was the most prescribed opioid with 47%. Median overall survival was 3.1 months.

Conclusions:

Morphine remains the paradigm of treatment making necessary to emphasize information on its optimal use. Additional measures such as education for cancer prevention and early referral to PCS are vital to improve survival and quality of life.
Current status of biosimilars in Turkey: A survey among medical oncologists
Authors: Gürler Fatih , Kasım Demet Döndü , Kurt İnci Bediz , Sütçüoğlu Osman , Ünsal Oktay , Aslan Volkan , Tahtacı Gözde , Özdemir Nuriye , Üner Aytuğ , Günel Nazan , Özet Ahmet , Yazıcı Ozan
Published: July 2021

Introduction

To evaluate biosimilar understanding and preference trends of medical oncologists in Turkey.

Methods

A survey consisting of 24 multiple-choice questions with checkbox answers was conducted among medical oncologists. The questionnaire was divided into five parts to some intentions: demographic characteristics, general knowledge about biosimilars, knowledge about local approval and reimbursement issues, individual preference trends, and ranking the knowledge of their own. All answers were analyzed as whole cohort, specialists and fellows.

Results

Fellows (n = 47) consisted 42%, and academic clinicians (n = 37) consisted 35% of the participants. In the whole cohort, the overall rate of correct answers was 55.1% in the general knowledge about the biosimilars part, and 26.7% in the local approval and reimbursement issues part. At all, 57.7% of the participants declared that they object to switch from a reference product to a biosimilar product. The rate of those who defined themselves as extremely knowledgeable decreased from 8.1% to 2.7% in the whole cohort at the end of the survey.

Conclusion

The need for more accurate and clarified local regulations and education emerging in the biotechnology era must be met.
The effect of material anisotropy on the mechanics of a thin-film/substrate system under mechanical and thermal loads
Authors: Nart E. , Alinia Y. , Güler M. A.
Published: July 2021

In this study, the stress analysis for an orthotropic thin film bonded to an orthotropic elastic substrate is addressed using both the analytical and finite element methods. The analytical method employs the integrodifferential formulation with the aid of membrane assumption. Utilizing the finite element method, the effect of orientation of the material principal directions are studied. The loading scenarios include a temperature gradient imposed on the film and a far-field uniaxial tension on the substrate. The results of current study indicate that the ratio of the film to the substrate stiffness plays a leading role in the film stress distribution. For the mechanical loading applied to the substrate, a soft thin film attached to a relatively stiffer substrate is preferred. The film can tolerate the induced thermal stresses as it is bonded to a softer host structure. The rotation angle of material orthotropy directions significantly affects the stress singularity near the film edges up to a certain extent.
Torsional rigidity for regular polygons
Authors: Keady Grant
Published: July 2021

We present a simple lower bound for the torsional rigidity of a beam with regular polygonal cross-section. The methods used are applicable to other cross-sections, in particular to other tangential polygons.
Pleiotropy of a Stickler syndrome genotype
Authors: Baiyasi Ahmad , Barbosa Joshua , Parendo Anthony , Lin Xihui
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To report a case of pleiotropy in the COL2A1 gene typically associated with Stickler Syndrome Type 1.

Observations:

A patient with a confirmed mutation of the COL2A1 gene presented with an isolated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype.

Conclusions:

The mutated COL2A1 gene in Stickler Syndrome Type 1 represents a site of pleiotropy, highlighting a change in phenotype across the same genotype potentially due to tissue alternative splicing.
An Extract of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Mediates Potent Inhibitory Actions on Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cells by Tumor Cell-Autonomous and Immune-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Kundu Namita , Ma Xinrong , Hoag Stephen , Wang Fang , Ibrahim Ahmed , Godoy-Ruiz Raquel , Weber David J , Fulton Amy M
Published: July 2021

The taro plant, Colocasia esculenta, contains bioactive proteins with potential as cancer therapeutics. Several groups have reported anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo of taro-derived extracts (TEs). We reported that TE inhibits metastasis in a syngeneic murine model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Purpose:

We sought to confirm our earlier studies in additional models and to identify novel mechanisms by which efficacy is achieved.

Methods:

We employed a panel of murine and human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines to determine the effect of TE on tumor cell viability, migration, and the ability to support cancer stem cells. Two syngeneic models of TNBC were employed to confirm our earlier report that TE potently inhibits metastasis. Cancer stem cell assays were employed to determine the ability of TE to inhibit tumorsphere-forming ability and to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. To determine if host immunity contributes to the mechanism of metastasis inhibition, efficacy was assessed in immune-compromised mice.

Results:

We demonstrate that viability of some, but not all cell lines is inhibited by TE. Likewise, tumor cell migration is inhibited by TE. Using 2 immune competent, syngeneic models of TNBC, we confirm our earlier findings that tumor metastasis is potently inhibited by TE. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that TE directly inhibits breast cancer stem cells. Administration of TE to mice elicits expansion of several spleen cell populations but it was not known if host immune cells contribute to the mechanism by which TE inhibits tumor cell dissemination. In novel findings, we now show that the ability of TE to inhibit metastasis relies on immune T-cell-dependent, but not B cell or Natural Killer (NK)-cell-dependent mechanisms. Thus, both tumor cell-autonomous and host immune factors contribute to the mechanisms underlying TE efficacy. Our long-term goal is to evaluate TE efficacy in clinical trials. Most of our past studies as well as many of the results reported in this report were carried out using an isolation protocol described earlier (TE). In preparation for a near future clinical trial, we have now developed a strategy to isolate an enriched taro fraction, TE-method 2, (TE-M2) as well as a more purified subfraction (TE-M2F1) which can be scaled up under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions for evaluation in human subjects. We demonstrate that TE-M2 and TE-M2F1 retain the anti-metastatic properties of TE.

Conclusions:

These studies provide further support for the continued examination of biologically active components of Colocasia esculenta as potential new therapeutic entities and identify a method to isolate sufficient quantities under GMP conditions to conduct early phase clinical studies.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Uhr Lauren , Mateen Farrah J
Published: July 2021

Background:

Vaccine willingness among people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) requires assessment following the approval of the first COVID-19 vaccines, since there remains uncertainty on multiple aspects of COVID-19 vaccination in immunosuppressed patients.

Objective:

To understand COVID-19 and influenza vaccine willingness and its associations among PwMS, following the approval of the first two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods:

A survey was distributed to PwMS via an online platform from December 2020 to February 2021. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between (1) COVID-19 and (2) influenza vaccination willingness with demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:

Of 701 responding PwMS, 76.6% were COVID-19 vaccine willing. COVID-19 vaccine willingness was significantly associated with influenza vaccine willingness ( p < 0.001). In multivariable models, older age increased the odds of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine willingness (odds ratios (ORs) > 1) and other race decreased the odds of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine willingness (ORs < 1); higher functional disability decreased the odds of COVID-19 vaccine willingness (OR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.80–0.96). Prevalent vaccine-related concerns include safety ( n = 244) and efficacy ( n = 122).

Conclusion:

Our findings identify demographic and clinical factors as well as concerns influencing vaccine hesitancy in PwMS. These results may inform effective public health interventions to improve vaccine acceptability in this at-risk group.
Understanding the changing television market: A comparison of the macroeconomy of the United States, United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Lotz Amanda D. , Potter Anna , Johnson Catherine
Published: July 2021

The business of television has been transformed by digital distribution and internationalisation. The implications of these changes vary based on a range of structural dynamics such as national scale, language and pre-existing norms tied to particular macroeconomic conditions, of which, the balance of funding is key. This article looks beyond the general sense of crisis tied to digital disruption to investigate the macroeconomic conditions that shape how national television industries are able to adapt and respond to the disruption. Although disruption is universal, different macroeconomic conditions enable different industrial impacts and possible policy solutions. The article uses comparative analysis of three English language countries with very distinctive television ecologies to reveal the under-acknowledged role macroeconomic features – particularly the advent of new tools for advertising – play in shaping the options and opportunities for national industries going forward.
The affordances of iPad for constructing a technology-mediated space in Hong Kong English medium instruction secondary classrooms: A translanguaging view
Authors: Tai Kevin W. H. , Wei Li
Published: July 2021

Despite the widespread use of mobile digital devices such as iPads in teaching and learning, there is little research on the ways in which content teachers make use of the technological affordances of the iPad to achieve pedagogical goals in bilingual/multilingual classrooms. This article adopts translanguaging as an analytical perspective to explore how the use of the iPad extends the semiotic and spatial repertoires for enabling the English Medium Instruction (EMI) teacher to create a translanguaging space for supporting multilingual students’ learning of new academic knowledge. The data for this article is based on a linguistic ethnographic project in an EMI mathematics classroom in a secondary school in Hong Kong. Multimodal Conversation Analysis is used to analyse the classroom interactional data, triangulated with the video-stimulated-recall-interviews that are analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The article argues that the iPad provides opportunities for the EMI teacher to fully exploit the semiotic and spatial resources for creating a technology-mediated space in the classroom. Such a space in turn allows the teacher to accomplish content teaching and build a more engaging environment for learning.
Study on the nonlinear vibration of embedded carbon nanotube via the Hamiltonian-based method
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Wang Guo-Dong
Published: July 2021

This article mainly studies the vibration of the carbon nanotubes embedded in elastic medium. A new novel method called the Hamiltonian-based method is applied to determine the frequency property of the nonlinear vibration. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified through the numerical results. The obtained results in this work are expected to be helpful for the study of the nonlinear vibration.
Getting things done: Inequalities, Internet use and everyday life
Authors: Leguina Adrian , Downey John
Published: July 2021

The study of mundane, everyday uses of the Internet remains an emerging field of inquiry. Analysing data from a large seven country survey of Internet use and adapting concepts and methods developed by Bourdieu, we show that there are distinct clusters of users who use the Internet in diverse ways to solve everyday problems, such as buying a mobile phone or diagnosing an illness. Such everyday problem-solving is dependent upon degrees of economic, social, digital and cultural capital, and varies across countries. A comparative methodological strategy combined the use of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and for the first time in the field, multiple factor analysis for contingency tables (MFACTs). Extending the work of Bourdieu and the sociology of class more generally, we argue that digital capital functions as a bridging capital aiding the convertibility of other forms of capital to the benefit of already advantaged groups.
Travels of Italian Positive School around the racialization of immigration-crime nexus
Authors: Abiuso Federico Luis
Published: July 2021

Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina) had a significant demographic growth due to the strong weight of the migratory component. This article focuses on describing the theoretical frameworks deployed by criminologists and related experts to “racialize” the links between immigration and crime in Archivos de Criminología, Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Ciencias Afines, a journal published between 1902 and 1913. In so doing, and inspired by the Southern criminology proposals and reflections, I propose to analyze the criminological travels related to the Italian Positive School, to detail the grounds the thematic links between immigration and crime were based on and, in turn, to empirically illustrate different arguments around criminology as a Northern discipline.
Optimization of microstructural and mechanical properties of brass wire produced by friction stir extrusion using Taguchi method
Authors: Akbari Mostafa , Asadi Parviz
Published: July 2021

Friction stir back extrusion is used to produce brass wires from its chips, and then the process parameters are optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design of experiments. The rotational speed, traverse speed, and the produced wire diameter are the parameters taken into consideration. The optimum process parameters are determined with respect to grain size, microhardness, and ultimate pressure strength of the produced samples. The predicted optimum values for output parameters are confirmed by conducting the confirmation test using optimum parameters. Analysis of variance shows that the rotational speed is the most dominant factor in determining the grain size and microhardness of the produced wires, and the tool traverse speed and the wire diameter are the second and the third effective parameters. However, in terms of the produced wires ultimate pressure strength, the traverse speed is the most dominant factor rather than the rotational speed. The optimum values for the rotational speed, the traverse speed, and the wire diameter are 500 r/min, 31.5 mm/min, and 6 mm, respectively, and the produced wire, by these optimum parameters, presents 14.17 µm, 127.1 HV, and 904.7 MPa for the grain size, the microhardness, and the ultimate pressure strength, respectively.
On the beginning of the world: dominance feminism, afropessimism and the meanings of gender
Authors: Nash Jennifer C.
Published: July 2021

Dominance feminism and afropessimist theory, despite their critical appearances three decades apart, are undergirded by similar rhetorical strategies, political commitments and argumentative moves. This is the case even as afropessimism’s citational trajectory rarely invokes dominance feminism, and often positions itself as a critique of feminism’s imagined conception of gender as white, one that is thought to be most emphatically announced in the work of scholars like MacKinnon who invest in a gender binary, and in women’s oppressed location in this binary. In this article, I insist on reading dominance feminism and afropessimism together. In so doing, I aspire to challenge afropessimism’s prevailing conception of gender, revealing that while it is often critical of feminist conceptions of gender – particularly conceptualisations of gender that are thought to insist on the shared experiences and positions of women – it actually relies on similar argumentative moves, and even rhetorical seductions, as dominance feminism.
Numerical analysis of kinetic mechanisms for battery thermal runaway prediction in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: García Antonio , Monsalve-Serrano Javier , Lago Sari Rafael , Fogué Robles Álvaro
Published: July 2021

The urgent need for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions has led to the powertrain electrification at different levels such as hybridization or pure electric vehicles. Despite the benefits in terms of local pollution reduction and lower carbon dioxide footprint that may be achieved with this technology, new hazards have been introduced. Among them, the combustion of the battery pack due to abuse conditions, also known as thermal runaway, is one of the biggest concerns. It can lead to the vehicle combustion under unnoticed failure conditions, threating the driver security. In this sense, different investigations have been carried out with the aim of providing a proper description of the reactions that lead to this phenomenon. Reaction mechanisms have been proposed in the literature for lithium-ion battery considering the most common battery chemistries. Nonetheless, their application leads to different results, which may hinder their utilization in modeling critical operating conditions for thermal runaway. This investigation proposes a detailed assessment of the most common reaction mechanisms, comparing their capability on reproducing the different reaction paths that lead to thermal runaway conditions to explore and depict state of the art of thermal runaway modeling. Additionally, a detailed analysis is performed to define the differences in terms of decomposition and formation reactions for each one of them. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the mechanism proposed by Kriston provides the best results trade-off considering different investigations in differential scanning calorimeter and accelerated rate calorimeter. In addition, it was found that some mechanisms have been adjusted to perform similar to the experimental results, even in the case of not having a physical meaning.
Analysis of temperature and altitude effects on the Global Energy Balance during WLTC
Authors: Payri Francisco , Martín Jaime , José Arnau Francisco , Artham Sushma
Published: July 2021

In this work, the Global Energy Balance (GEB) of a 1.6 L compression ignition engine is analyzed during WLTC using a combination of experimental measurements and simulations, by means of a Virtual Engine. The energy split considers all the relevant energy terms at two starting temperatures (20°C and 7°C) and two altitudes (0 and 1000 m). It is shown that reducing ambient temperature from 20°C to −7°C decreases brake efficiency by 1% and increases fuel consumption by 4%, mainly because of the higher friction due to the higher oil viscosity, while the effect of increasing altitude 1000 m decreases brake efficiency by 0.8% and increases fuel consumption by 2.5% in the WLTC mainly due to the change in pumping. In addition, GEB shows that ambient temperature is affecting exhaust enthalpy by 4.5%, heat rejection to coolant by 2%, and heat accumulated in the block by 2.5%, while altitude does not show any remarkable variations other than pumping and break power.
A novel strategy of extremely delayed intake valve opening to improve the cold-start characteristics of a low compression ratio diesel engine
Authors: Vikraman V , Anand K , Ramesh A
Published: July 2021

Combined in-cylinder and after-treatment emission control methods are generally adopted to meet the current stringent emission targets for diesel engines. It is well established that reducing the geometric compression ratio (CR) results in a simultaneous reduction in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions in diesel engines. However, poor cold-start characteristics prevent extensive use of low compression ratio (LCR) diesel engines for automotive applications. In the present work, a novel extremely delayed intake valve opening (IVO) strategy is proposed to improve the cold-start characteristics of a light-duty LCR diesel engine. A commercial one-dimensional gas-exchange model was used to optimize the intake valve open and close timings. The results corresponding to a cranking speed of 200 rpm and ambient temperature of 0°C show that advancing the intake valve close (IVC) timing increases the effective compression stroke that can improve the cylinder temperature by 5%. Further, implementing ‘extremely delayed IVO’ by retarding the timing from 1°CA to 61°CA aTDC could help to further increase the cylinder temperature by 14% compared to the base timings. The delayed opening of the intake valve leads to a higher expansion of the cylinder mass, leading to a lower cylinder pressure before IVO and a higher intake air velocity immediately after IVO. With the higher intake air velocity, the incoming air’s kinetic energy is dissipated to increase the stagnation temperature, resulting in an overall benefit in cylinder temperature. The experimental measurements conducted in a cold chamber with the optimized IVO and IVC timings confirmed the benefits by achieving a better cold-startability of the LCR engine. In comparison, the LCR engine with the stock valve timings could be started only up to +5°C, the optimized valve timings could ensure startability up to −10°C without any starting aids. Thus, the proposed approach of adopting the optimized valve timings can help LCR diesel engines to overcome the limitations of cold-startability.
Something old, something new: Enabled theory building in qualitative marketing research
Authors: Dolbec Pierre-Yann , Fischer Eileen , Canniford Robin
Published: July 2021

“Enabled theorizing” is a common practice in marketing scholarship. Nevertheless, this practice has recently been criticized for constraining the creation of novel theory. To advance this conversation, we conduct a grounded analysis of papers that feature enabled theorizing with the aim of describing and analyzing how enabled theorizing is practiced. Our analysis suggests that enabled theorizing marries data with analytical tools and ontological perspectives in ways that advance ongoing conversations in marketing theory and practice, as well as informing policy and methods. Based on interviews with marketing and consumer research scholars who practice enabled theorizing, we explain how researchers use enabling theories to shape research projects, how researchers select enabling lenses, and how they negotiate the review process. We discuss the implications of our analyses for theory-building in our field, and we question the notion of originality in relation to theory more generally.
Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and the OECD PISA Global Competence Framework
Authors: Andrews Therese
Published: July 2021

Globalisation has become increasingly important in education, and national systems are no longer defined only by the nation-state. The role of intergovernmental organisations such as the OECD has also become increasingly important, particularly through the development of the PISA tests and the publication of international comparison tables. With a growing recognition of educating for an international and globalised future, the OECD assessed global competence for the first time in 2018, with results released in October 2020. The power that the OECD exerts over its member states, and indeed further, in the field of education through the global competence assessment demonstrates social reproduction. This article examines the OECD’s 2018 Global Competence Framework from a Bourdieusian perspective. An analysis is undertaken of the framework using Bourdieu’s thinking tools of habitus, field and capital, and the mechanisms of pedagogic authority, pedagogic action and pedagogic work, demonstrating an unconsciously agreed power differential between social groups. The OECD, as well as policy-makers at a national level, must consider such implications in anticipating future policy developments in order to enable systemic injustices to be overcome and educational equality to be achieved.
Examining the Associations Between Childhood Trauma, Resilience, and Depression: A Multivariate Meta-Analysis
Authors: Watters Elizabeth R. , Aloe Ariel M. , Wojciak Armeda S.
Published: July 2021

Topic of review:

Childhood trauma has been associated with increased depression; however, resilience has been found to reduce this association.

Method of review:

Present analyses were based on multivariate meta-analytical techniques, an extension of univariate meta-analysis. All computations were performed using the metafor package and the metaRmat package from R. Bivariate associations ( r) between trauma, resilience, and depression were utilized as the pooled effect sizes.

Criteria for inclusion:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, articles were coded based on the following inclusion criteria: (a) sample participants had a history of childhood trauma; (b) studies included one of the four instruments of trait resilience; (c) studies included measures of individual outcomes of depression; (d) studies were published in peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, book chapters since 2009, or provided by leading scholars who had yet to publish their data; (e) all manuscripts were written in English; and (f) studies included the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( r) for the effect size.

Criteria for review:

We systematically coded for the following items for each study: year of publication, type of report, peer-reviewed, funding, sampling strategy, sample size, gender, mean age, country of study, measure of resilience, measure depression, and measure of childhood trauma.

Major findings:

The pooled correlations indicate that trauma, resilience, and depression are significantly associated. There were no significant differences in symptoms of depression for high versus low reports of resilience for individuals with a history of trauma. Year of publication was a significant moderator for the associations between trauma, resilience, and depression. Resilience significantly mediated the association between trauma and depression.
The Role of Androgen Receptor Splicing Variant 7 in Predicting the Prognosis of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Rui-Ji , Hu Qiang , Li Shu-Ying , Mao Wei-Pu , Xu Bin , Chen Ming
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to study the prognostic effects of androgen receptor splicing variant 7 (AR-V7) on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) under different treatment options (chemotherapy, hormone therapy).

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for clinical studies up to June 4, 2021, and used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression free-survival (PSA-PFS), radiologic PFS (r-PFS), overall survival (OS) and PSA response rate (PSA RR) as the main endpoints. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the source of the specimens. STATA v.15 software was used for data analysis.

Results:

Twenty-one studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1578 samples. In the abiraterone (AA)/enzalutamide (E) treatment group, AR-V7 positive patients had worse PSA-PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.40; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.56-4.51; P < 0.05) and worse r-PFS (HR = 2.69; 95%CI 1.70-4.24; P < 0.05) and OS (HR = 3.02; 95%CI 1.73-5.30; P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression results showed that AR-V7 positive status was an independent risk factor for OS in the AA/E treatment group. In the taxane treatment group, AR-V7-positive and negative patients had similar PSA-PFS (HR = 0.87; 95%CI 0.46-1.63; P = 0.657), r-PFS (HR = 1.01; 95%CI 0.53-1.96; P = 0.965) and OS (HR = 1.50; 95%CI 0.89-2.52; P = 0.127). For AR-V7-positive patients, the difference in OS between taxane and AA/E treatment was not statistically significant (HR = 1.03; 95%CI 0.52-2.06; P = 0.930). However, multivariate Cox regression results suggested that for AR-V7-positive patients, taxane therapy was a protective factor for OS (HR = 0.35; 95%CI 0.20-0.60; P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The expression of AR-V7 indicates a poor prognosis and is an independent risk factor for OS in AA/E-treated mCRPC patients. However, AR-V7 positive status does not play the same role in taxane-treated patients. In addition, compared to AA/E, taxane treatment is a protective factor for OS in AR-V7-positive patients. AR-V7 may thus be an effective biomarker for treatment prognosis in patients with mCRPC.
Peer support as a bridge for participation in prison activities and services: A qualitative study with foreign national prisoners
Authors: Croux Flore , De Donder Liesbeth , Claes Bart , Vandevelde Stijn , Brosens Dorien
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the role of informal peer support as a bridge for participation by foreign national prisoners in prison activities (e.g. education, work, sports activities, library) and services (e.g. psychologist, doctor). A total of 51 individual interviews, following an appreciative inquiry perspective, were conducted with foreign nationals in four prisons in Flanders (Belgium). In terms of leading foreign nationals to prison activities and services, the findings reveal four types of informal peer support: informational support, instrumental support, emotional support, and social companionship. Moreover, during participation in these prison activities and services, three types of informal peer support emerged: informational support, instrumental support, and social companionship. Peer support seems to be a ‘form of survival’ for foreign nationals to overcome barriers experienced in accessing prison activities and services and difficulties during participation in such prison activities and services.
Latency in Lebanon, or bringing things (back) to life: A Perfect Day (Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige, 2005)
Authors: Silverman Max
Published: July 2021

Many Lebanese films and documentaries of the last few decades have focused on the hidden legacies of the civil war (1975–1991) that remain unprocessed in public, and often private, life. Unsurprisingly, these works have often been discussed by critics through the lens of traumatic cultural memory. In the first part of this article I argue that this model is productive yet insufficient. I suggest, instead, a methodological approach which acknowledges the intersections between trauma and other processes underpinning everyday life in the city. In the second part of the article I apply this approach to the film A Perfect Day (Hadjithomas and Joreige, 2005). Using the directors’ own concept of latency, I analyse the affective modes of touch, breath and the hidden life of objects to show how the performative existential drama that unfolds in the film opens out onto processes that go beyond the haunting legacies of violence from the civil war and includes a vision of singularity and infinite possibility that relates back to the birth of cinema itself.
A comparative study of 6-week and 12-week Radiographic Union Scores for HUmeral fractures (RUSHU) as a predictor of humeral shaft non-union
Authors: Guevel Borna , Gokaraju Kishan , Mohamed Foad , Sorensen Frederik , Gillott Elizabeth , Domos Peter
Published: July 2021

Background

Non-union in non-operatively managed humeral shaft fractures are associated with significant morbidity. Hence, developing a robust system that could help with early diagnosis is important. We aimed to evaluate the validity of the Radiographic Union Score for HUmeral fractures (RUSHU) at 6 weeks (RUSHU-6) and test whether a RUSHU at 12 weeks (RUSHU-12) would be a better predictor of non-union.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all non-operatively managed humeral diaphyseal fractures from 2012 to 2018. Statistical analysis was used to determine the cut-off RUSHU-12 and evaluate the effect of RUSHU-6 and RUSHU-12 on non-union prediction.

Results

In sum, 32 patients had radiographs at 6 weeks post-injury, 27 of which also had radiographs at 12 weeks. A RUSHU cut-off of 9 was the best predictor of non-union at 12 weeks. Only RUSHU-12 had a statistically significant influence predicting non-union (P = 0.011) and there was a significant correlation (P = 0.003) between score progression from RUSHU-6 to RUSHU-12 and the development of non-union.

Discussion

A RUSHU-12 of <9 and a low score progression between 6 and 12 weeks suggest superior predictive value in determining the likelihood of non-union. Further validation in the form of a large multicentred study is however required.
Role of autoantibodies in the diagnosis and prognosis of interstitial lung disease in autoimmune rheumatic disorders
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Gil-Vila Albert , Selva-O’Callaghan Albert
Published: July 2021

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been recognized as a frequent manifestation associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality burden in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Serum autoantibodies are considered good biomarkers for identifying several subsets or specific phenotypes of ILD involvement in these patients. This review features the role of several autoantibodies as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker linked to the presence ILD and specific ILD phenotypes in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. The case of the diverse antisynthetase antibodies in the antisynthease syndrome or the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated 5 protein (MDA5) antibodies as a marker of a severe condition such as rapidly progressive ILD in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis are some of the associations herein reported in the group of myositis spectrum disorders. Specific autoantibodies such as the well-known anti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl70) or the anti-Th/To, anti-U11/U12 ribonucleoprotein, and anti-eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) antibodies seems to be specifically linked to ILD in patients with systemic sclerosis. Overlap syndromes between systemic sclerosis and myositis, also have good ILD biomarkers, which are the anti-PM/Scl and anti-Ku autoantibodies. Lastly, other not so often reported disorders as being associated with ILD but recently most recognized as is the case of rheumatoid arthritis associated ILD or entities herein included in the miscellaneous disorders section, which include anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated interstitial lung disease, Sjögren’s syndrome or the mixed connective tissue disease, are also discussed.
The Impact of School Environment on Talent Development: A Retrospective View of Gifted British and Polish College Students
Authors: Gierczyk Marcin , Pfeiffer Steven I.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to examine gifted British and Polish college students’ ( N = 30) retrospective perceptions of their school environments in relation to talent development using a semi-structured, in-depth interview. Qualitative analyses revealed how school and teachers influenced gifted students’ talent development. Findings indicate that, according to both the British and the Polish students, teachers play an extremely important role in their talent development. The environment in English schools was depicted as considerably more facilitative than the Polish school environment, although both have their advantages and disadvantages. Although this research study does not claim universal representation, the findings may be of significance to school, educational, and psychological practices on preventive, teaching, and interpersonal levels.
The Psychological Supportive Design Features in Hospitals: Case of a Public Jordanian Hospital in Amman
Authors: Al-Bqour Nadine , Rababeh Shaher , Al-Rabady Rama
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical framework that combines the psychological supportive design features in hospitals’ healing environments, also, to examine the implementation of these features in a Jordanian public hospital.

Background:

Positive psychological feelings are the hidden powerful treatment in hospitals. Although that Jordan represents a third-world country, it is counted as one of the most sought-after healthcare locations in the Middle East for its distinguished healthcare serveries (Private Hospitals Association, 2019). Nevertheless, the architectural and interior design of the healthcare facilities in Jordan usually ignores the inpatients’ psychological needs. Also, there is an absence of practicing a set of psychological supportive design features to guide the hospitals’ design in Jordan.

Method:

Design features are obtained from the main theories in the field of supportive healing environments. A large Jordanian public hospital was selected to be assessed in terms of these features within the developed practical framework. This study adopts a mixed methodology; data are collected using different methods, mainly literature review, site inventory, and inpatients’ questionnaire.

Results:

The studied hospital remains moderately considerable in terms of the psychologically supportive design features. However, the nature connectivity aspect is not satisfactorily considered in the studied hospital design.

Conclusion:

This study suggests a responsive design that fosters interaction and integration with surrounding nature in order to increase levels of connectivity with nature. The studied design features in this study could work as guiding principles for Jordanian hospitals’ designers.
Brain structural differences in temporal lobe and frontal lobe epilepsy patients: A voxel-based morphometry and vertex-based surface analysis
Authors: Lu Chun-Qiang , Gosden Grant P , Okromelidze Lela , Jain Ayushi , Gupta Vivek , Grewal Sanjeet S , Lin Chen , Tatum William O , Messina Steven A , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Ju Shenghong , Middlebrooks Erik H
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Exploration of the effect of chronic recurrent seizures in focal epilepsy on brain volumes has produced many conflicting reports. To determine differences in brain structure in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal epilepsy (using frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) a surrogate) further, we performed a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of patients with seizure-onset zone proven by intracranial monitoring.

Methods

A total of 120 TLE patients, 86 FLE patients, and 54 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. An analysis of variance of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to seek morphometric brain differences among TLE patients, FLE patients, and healthy controls. Additionally, a vertex-based surface analysis was utilized to analyze the hippocampus and thalamus. Significant side-specific differences in hippocampal gray matter volume were present between the left TLE (LTLE), right TLE RTLE (RTLE), and control groups ( p<0.05, family-wise error (FWE) corrected).

Results

Vertex analyses revealed significant volume reduction in inferior parts of the left hippocampus in the LTLE group and lateral parts of the right hippocampus in the RTLE group compared to controls ( p<0.05, FWE corrected). Significant differences were also detected between the LTLE and control group in the bilateral medial and inferior thalamus ( p<0.05, FWE corrected). FLE patients did not exhibit focal atrophy of gray matter across the brain.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the variation in morphometric lateralized changes in the brain between different epilepsy onset zones, providing critical insight into the natural history of people with drug-resistant focal epilepsies.
A living journals approach for the remote study of young children’s digital practices in Azerbaijan
Authors: Savadova Sabina
Published: July 2021

This article proposes the living journals method for remotely studying participants, elevating participant agency in the data generation process and minimising or completely removing the need for a researcher to be physically present in the field. Employing this method, the paper describes how the method was used to explore 5-year-old children’s digital practices in five families in Azerbaijan. Mothers were assigned as ‘proxy’ researchers to generate the data following prompts sent through a smartphone application. Mothers’ answers were used to create journals, and subsequently, fathers separately, and mothers and children together were requested to interpret their own journals and those of other participant children. Allowing other families to comment on one another’s journals further revealed their attitudes towards using digital technologies and enriched the data, emphasising its multivocality and metatextuality. The article describes the living journals method in detail, highlighting its affordances for researchers to generate data from a distance in other contexts. The article also discusses the methodological and empirical contribution of the method to this study about young children’s engagements with digital media at home. By decentring the researcher in the data generation process, the method allows researchers to generate both visually and textually complex and rich data. The visual and personal nature of the method goes beyond text-based research accounts to bring the data to life, allowing the researcher to generate multimodal, multivocal, metatextual and multifunctional data.
Visceral leishmaniasis in the island of Margarita, Venezuela: a neglected parasitic infection in the Caribbean
Authors: García Oronoz Gerardine , Pedraza-Arévalo Laura C. , Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Suarez José A.
Published: July 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis carries a significant burden of disease in the Americas with up to 7000 cases reported annually. There are several reports of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis cases in the Caribbean, including the Dominican Republic, Guadalupe, Martinique, and Trinidad and Tobago. However, we lack recent clinical description and epidemiologic data of visceral leishmaniasis in other islands in the Caribbean. Herein, we describe an autochthonous case of visceral leishmaniasis in the Caribbean Island of Margarita in Venezuela. This index case of visceral leishmaniasis highlights the need for further regional surveillance efforts to identify animal reservoirs and to monitor the occurrence of further clinical cases. Additionally, there is an urgent need for implementing vector control strategies.