bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin inhibits apoptosis and oxidative tissue damage in cisplatin-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats
Authors: Ristić Lidija , Rančić Milan , Radović Milan , Krtinić Dane , Pavlović Milorad , Ilić Bojan , Milojković Miloš , Živković Nikola , Turković Ksenija , Sokolović Dušan
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Cisplatin is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics, which is known to cause both tumor and normal lung tissue damage through the generation of free radicals and cells apoptosis/necrosis. Melatonin is a neurohormone that regulates numerous physiological processes in the body both through receptor pathways and by maintaining tissue redox homeostasis.

Material and methods

The extent of rat lung damage induced by cisplatin and the effects of melatonin on this process was determined based on the pathohistological changes and biochemical disturbances in tissue lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl modification and in the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), caspase-3 and DNases.

Results

Histopathological analysis of rat lung tissue obtained from animals that received cisplatin found them to be edematous, with significant deterioration of alveolar epithelium. These morphological changes are accompanied by a significant increase in all studied oxidative stress-related parameters, as well as with the activity of apoptosis-related enzymes. A five-day treatment with melatonin completely prevented a cisplatin-induced increase in oxidative stress-related parameters and in the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase. Also, the histopathological changes observed during microscopic analysis were much less pronounced than in the group that received cisplatin only.

Conclusions

These results can potentially be connected with the ability of melatonin to inhibit the activity of XO, caspase-3 and alkaline DNase and/or its ability to scavenge free radicals, thus preventing lung damage induced by cisplatin.
Is there a relationship between epicardial fat tissue thickness and Tp-Te/QT ratio in healthy individuals?
Authors: Yilmaz Mücahid , Kayançiçek Hidayet , Gözel Nevzat , Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul , Seçen Özlem , Öner Pınar , Çekici Yusuf , Bilen Mehmet Nail , Demirkıran Suat , Uku Ökkeş
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Epicardial fat is a tissue that releases many proinflammatory and atherogenic mediators, with endocrine and paracrine effects on the heart. In this study, the implication of the EFT thickness (EFTt) on transmural dispersion of repolarisation (TDR) was analysed utilizing the T-wave peak to end interval (Tp-Te), the Tp-Te dispersion (Tp-Te (d)), and the Tp-Te/QT ratio.

Material and methods

One thousand seven hundred and thirteen subjects were enrolled in the research. The subjects were chosen to be healthy individuals, without any cardiovascular/systemic disorders or risk factors for atherosclerosis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was applied to all subjects, and EFTt was measured in both diastole and systole. The ECG measurements were taken from standard 12-lead surface ECG.

Results

Correlation analysis revealed that the EFTt is highly associated with the Tp-Te interval, Tp-Te/QT ratio, Tp-Te (d), increasing age, body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), left ventricular (LV) mass, LV mass index, plasma glucose during fasting, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions

The study results showed that increased EFTt was associated with increased TDR values of Tp-Te, Tp-Te (d), and Tp-Te/QT ratio, even in the absence of other factors that could increase TDR and EFTt. Therefore, it can be stated that increased EFTt may cause an increase the risk for ventricular arrhythmia.
Reactive mesothelial hyperplasia mimicking mesothelioma in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops)
Authors: Plesker Roland , Köhler Kernt , von Gerlach Susanne , Boller Klaus , Vogt Markus , Feder Inke S.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A spontaneous reactive mesothelial hyperplasia occurred in a
female, 15.7-year-old African green monkey (grivet; Chlorocebus aethiops). At necropsy, massive
effusions were found in the abdomen, the thorax, and the pericardium.
Additionally, multiple small, beige-gray nodules were detected on the
serosal surfaces of the abdominal organs. Histopathologically, the
mesothelial cells resembled the epithelioid subtype of a mesothelioma, but
no infiltrative or invasive growth could be demonstrated. The mesothelial
cells on the thoracis, liver, and intestinal serosa were accompanied by
chronic serositis. Mesothelial cells expressed cytokeratin, vimentin,
calretinin, desmin, Wilms Tumor 1 (WT-1) protein, and epithelial membrane
antigen (EMA). Cells were negative for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),
cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15), and podoplanin. Ultrastructurally,
cells revealed a moderate amount of microvilli of medium length, perinuclear
tonofilament bundles, and long desmosomes. In fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) for the detection of characteristic gene loss (p16;
CDKN2A), NF2, and MTAP, no deletions were detected. No asbestos fibers and no
presence of Simian virus 40 antigen (SV40) could be demonstrated.
Improved GNSS-R bi-static altimetry and independent digital elevation models of Greenland and Antarctica from TechDemoSat-1
Authors: Cartwright Jessica , Banks Christopher J. , Srokosz Meric
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Improved digital elevation models (DEMs) of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are presented, which have been derived from Global Navigation Satellite
Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R). This builds on a previous study (Cartwright et al., 2018) using GNSS-R to derive an Antarctic DEM but uses improved
processing and an additional 13 months of measurements, totalling 46 months of data from the UK TechDemoSat-1 satellite. A median bias of under
10 m and root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of under 53 m for the Antarctic and 166 m for Greenland are obtained, as compared to
existing DEMs. The results represent, compared to the earlier study, a halving of the median bias to 9 m, an improvement in coverage of
18 %, and a 4 times higher spatial resolution (now gridded at 25 km). In addition, these are the first published satellite altimetry
measurements of the region surrounding the South Pole. Comparisons south of 88∘ S yield RMSEs of less than 33 m when compared
to NASA's Operation IceBridge measurements. Differences between DEMs are explored, the limitations of the technique are noted, and the future potential
of GNSS-R for glacial ice studies is discussed.
The Surplus of Signification: Merleau-Ponty and Enactivism on the Continuity of Life, Mind, and Culture
Authors: Kee Hayden
Published: June 2020

This paper provides a critical discussion of the views of Merleau-Ponty and contemporary enactivism concerning the phenomenological dimension of the continuity between life and mind. I argue that Merleau-Ponty’s views are at odds with those of enactivists. Merleau-Ponty only applied phenomenological descriptions to the life-worlds of sentient animals with sensorimotor systems, contrary to those enactivists who apply them to all organisms. I argue that we should follow Merleau-Ponty on this point, as the use of phenomenological concepts to describe the “experience” of creatures with no phenomenal consciousness has generated confusion about the role of phenomenology in enactivism and prompted some enactivists to ignore or turn away from phenomenology. Further, Merleau-Ponty also emphasizes the stark distinction between the vital order of animals and the human order to a greater degree than many phenomenologically inspired enactivists. I discuss his view in connection with recent research in developmental and comparative psychology. Despite the striking convergence of Merleau-Ponty’s visionary thought with the most recent findings, I argue that he somewhat overstates the difference between human experience and cognition, and that of our closest animal kin. I outline a developmental-phenomenological account of how the child enters the human order in the first years of life, thereby further mitigating the stark difference between orders. This results in a modified Merleau-Pontian version of the phenomenological dimension of life-mind continuity which I recommend to enactivism.
L’approche énactive et la place de l’altérité: Un dialogue entre Varela et Buber
Authors: Renault Letícia
Published: June 2020

Cet article vise à discuter le rôle de l’altérité dans l’approche énactiviste. L’énactivisme considère la cognition comme un processus fondamentalement autonome, c’est-à-dire, qui n’est pas déterminé par des informations dites « externes » ni par des représentations issues de la manipulation symbolique. Une manière de comprendre l’autonomie met l’accent sur la fermeture du système cognitif, ce qui pourrait restreindre la notion d’altérité. Toutefois, nous aimerions proposer une lecture alternative de l’autonomie dans l’énactivisme, qui souligne son ouverture à l’imprévisible, et ainsi rapprocher cette lecture de certaines compréhensions de l’altérité, notamment celle de Martin Buber. Par son refus de binarismes et son choix d’un chemin intermédiaire entre l’objectivisme et le subjectivisme, le dialogue phénoménologique de Buber et, plus spécialement, sa caractérisation de la relation Je-Tu nous semblent pertinentes à une conception énactiviste de l’altérité.
The Body Surpassed Towards the World and Perception Surpassed Towards Action: A Comparison between Enactivism and Sartre’s Phenomenology
Authors: Zilio Federico
Published: June 2020

Enactivism maintains that the mind is not produced and localized inside the head but is distributed along and through brain-body-environment interactions. This idea of an intrinsic relationship between the agent and the world derives from the classical phenomenological investigations of the body (Merleau-Ponty in particular). This paper discusses similarities and differences between enactivism and Jean-Paul Sartre’s phenomenology, which is not usually considered as a paradigmatic example of the relationship between phenomenological investigations and enactivism (or 4E theories in general). After a preliminary analysis of the three principal varieties of enactivism (sensorimotor, autopoietic and radical), I will present Sartre’s account of the body, addressing some key points that can be related to the current enactivist positions: perception-action unity, anti-representationalism, anti-internalism, organism-environment interaction, and sense-making cognition. Despite some basic similarities, enactivism and Sartre’s phenomenology move in different directions as to how these concepts are developed. Nevertheless, I will suggest that Sartre’s phenomenology is useful to the enactivist approaches to provide a broader and more complete analysis of consciousness and cognition, by developing a pluralist account of corporeality, enriching the investigation of the organism-environment coupling through an existentialist perspective, and reincluding the concept of subjectivity without the hypostatisation of an I-subject detached from body and world.
The Forgotten Phenomenology: “Enactive Perception” in the Eyes of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Bar Roi
Published: June 2020

This paper compares the enactive approach to perception, which has recently emerged in cognitive science, with the phenomenological approach. Inspired by Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, the enactive theorists Alva Noë and Evan Thompson take perception to be a result of the interaction between the brain, the body and the environment. Their argument turns mostly on the role of self-motion and sensorimotor knowledge in perceptual experience. It was said to be entirely consistent with phenomenology, indeed its revival. However, this issue is under debate. To show this, I begin with analyzing the enactive conception as a physicalist attempt to overcome the challenge of dualism and representationalism. I then turn to Husserl’s transcendental method and argue that Noë’s solution, unlike Husserl’s, remains naturalistic, as it does not take the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and the constitution of the “cultural world” into account. Afterwards I turn to Merleau-Ponty and demonstrate that there is some certain common ground with Noë, but also major differences. I conclude that the enactive approach is not completely refuted by the phenomenological one, insofar as the latter partly contains the first. Yet the enactivists deal merely with the necessary physiological conditions of perception qua animal perception, not with the sufficient sociocultural conditions for the understanding of human perception, like the inquiry into the historical and linguistic circumstances under which the understanding of human mind is made possible. The reason why the recent transformation of phenomenology into neurophenomenology is perceived as a revival is virtually inherent to the specific scientific ethos of enactivism and reveals a certain oblivion of the objectives of philosophical phenomenology.
Worlds Apart? Reassessing von Uexküll’s Umwelt in Embodied Cognition with Canguilhem, Merleau-Ponty, and Deleuze
Authors: Feiten Tim Elmo , Holland Kristopher , Chemero Anthony
Published: June 2020

Jakob von Uexküll’s (1864-1944) account of Umwelt has been proposed as a mediating concept to bridge the gap between ecological psychology’s realism about environmental information and enactivism’s emphasis on the organism’s active role in constructing the meaningful world it inhabits. If successful, this move would constitute a significant step towards establishing a single ecological-enactive framework for cognitive science. However, Uexküll’s thought itself contains different perspectives that are in tension with each other, and the concept of Umwelt is developed in representationalist terms that conflict with the commitments of both enactivism and ecological psychology. One central issue shared by all these approaches is the problem of how a living being experiences its environment. In this paper, we will look at Uexküll’s reception in French philosophy and highlight the different ways in which the concept of Umwelt functions in the work of Georges Canguilhem, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze. This analysis helps clarify different aspects of Uexküll’s thought and the deeper philosophical implications of importing his concepts into embodied cognitive science. This paper is part of a recent trend in which enactivism engages with continental philosophy in a way that both deepens and transcends the traditional links to phenomenology, including most recently the thought of Georg W. F. Hegel and Gilbert Simondon. However, no more than a brief outline and introduction to the potentials and challenges of this complex conceptual intersection can be given here. Our hope is that it serves to make more explicit the philosophical issues that are at stake for cognitive science in the question of experienced environments, while charting a useful course for future research.
Enactive Cognition and the Other: Enactivism and Levinas Meet Halfway
Authors: Dierckxsens Geoffrey
Published: June 2020

This paper makes a comparison between enactivism and Levinas’ philosophy. Enactivism is a recent development in philosophy of mind and cognitive science that generally defines cognition in terms of a subject’s natural interactions with the physical environment. In recent years, enactivists have been focusing on social and ethical relations by introducing the concept of participatory sensemaking, according to which ethical know-how spontaneously emerges out of natural relations of participation and communication, that is, through the exchange of knowledge. This paper will argue first that, although participatory sensemaking is a valuable concept in that it offers a practical and realistic way of understanding ethics, it nevertheless downplays the significance of otherness for understanding ethics. I will argue that Levinas’ work demonstrates in turn that otherness is significant for ethics in that we cannot completely anticipate others through participation or know-how. We cannot live the other’s experiences or suffering, which makes ethical relation so difficult and serious (e.g. care for a terminally ill person always falls short to a certain extent). I will argue next that enactivism and Levinas’ philosophy nevertheless do not exclude each other insofar they share a similar concept of subjectivity as a quality of naturally interacting with the external world to gain knowledge (Levinas speaks of dwelling). Finally, I will argue that enactivism’s notion of participatory sensemaking also offers something which Levinas’ insufficiently defines, namely a concept of social justice, based on equality and participation, that emerges out of natural relations.
¿Hacia dónde va la geografía política? Reflexiones críticas sobre el ejercicio práctico del poder en el espacio
Authors: Raffestin Claude
Published: June 2020

El poder no es algo material, si bien puede ser simbolizado mediante un objeto material investido por un valor especial. En esta intervención se van a abordar algunos de los momentos de su historia en el siglo XX. La perspectiva funcionalista y el paradigma sistémico estudian el poder desde la perspectiva de las interacciones, o de la ausencia de las mismas, por medio de grandes categorías tales como el Estado. Más tarde Luhmann concibe el poder como la posibilidad de seleccionar, mediante una decisión propia, una alternativa para los demás. Hasta llegar a una concepción del poder relacional, que tanto debe a Poulantzas y Foucault. La teoría del referencial —un referencial es fruto de una combinación que depende del sujeto y del mundo, que tiene en cuenta tanto lo que pertenece al sujeto como lo que le es ajeno— permite entender la evolución de la geografía política y entender los cambios que se suceden en el pensamiento.
Unidos o Dominados (Discurso pronunciado el 11 de noviembre de 1953 en la Escuela Nacional de Guerra)
Authors: Perón Juan Domingo
Published: June 2020

Las organizaciones humanas, a lo largo de todos los tiempos, han ido, indudablemente, creando sucesivos agrupamientos y reagrupamientos. El problema fundamental del futuro es un problema de base y fundamento económicos, y la lucha del futuro será cada vez más económica, en razón de una mayor superpoblación y de una mayor superindustrialización. Es indudable que nuestro continente, en especial Sudamérica, es la zona del mundo donde todavía, en razón de su falta de población y de su falta de explotación extractiva, está la mayor reserva de materia prima y alimentos del mundo. Esto nos indicaría que el porvenir es nuestro y que en la futura lucha nosotros marchamos con una extraordinaria ventaja. Pero precisamente en estas circunstancias radica nuestro mayor peligro, porque nosotros estamos amenazados a que un día los países superpoblados y superindustrializados, que tienen un extraordinario poder jueguen ese poder para despojarnos de los elementos de que nosotros disponemos. Es esa circunstancia la que ha inducido a nuestro gobierno a encarar de frente la posibilidad de una unión continental real y efectiva, empezando por Chile, Brasil y Argentina, para encarar una vida en común y para planear, también, una defensa en común.
Pedro De Ángelis, primer 'archivero delirante'
Authors: Díaz de Zappia Sandra L.
Published: June 2020

La expresión “archivero delirante” fue utilizada por Umberto Eco para referirse a Jorge Luis Borges al hablar de la influencia que la obra de este último habría tenido en la del primero. No obstante, esa expresión ya había sido empleada anteriormente, en circunstancias geográficas e históricas diferentes: el Río de La Plata a mediados del siglo XIX. El objetivo del presente artículo es precisamente identificar, por un lado, al autor y al destinatario de dicha afirmación –Esteban Echeverría y Pedro De Ángelis— y, por otro lado, establecer los significados posibles del término “archivero” aplicables al ámbito estudiado.
Field Response of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walper to Four Insecticidal Compounds and Their Residual Toxicity to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in The Laboratory
Authors: Adebayo R. A. , Isah O. A.
Published: June 2020

There have been paradigm shift to the use of biopesticides as alternative to synthetic pesticides in recent years due to its environment friendliness and non-toxic to the non-target organisms. Therefore, three synthetic insecticides and water extract from neem back powder were evaluated on cowpea in the field and their residual toxicity tested against C. maculatus in the laboratory. The insecticides were applied at the rate of 2ml in 2L of water and 2L of extract from neem back powder on the field. The harvested seeds were infested with C. maculatus to evaluate the residual toxicity of the insecticides. Data on growth and yield parameters were taken on the field while data on adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and weight loss were recorded for the laboratory experiment. The results showed positive response of cowpea to the applied chemicals as they had higher values for the number of leaves, branches and reduced number of holes. Number of holes was significant (p< 0.05) at the 8th week with the control having highest number of holes. Cowpea treated with cypermethrin had highest number of pods at both 7th and 8th week and showed significant difference at 7th week. Highest weight of seeds per pod was obtained from the cowpea treated with water extract from neem back powder and was significantly different (p< 0.05) from other treatments. Seeds treated with the three insecticides had the same number of mortality while neem extract had highest but was not significantly different (p> 0.05). There was a reduction in number of eggs laid, adult emergence, seeds with holes and weight loss in the seeds treated with the four insecticide compounds. It was concluded that application of the insecticidal compounds positively enhanced the performance of cowpea on the field and could protect the seeds against C. maculatus in the laboratory. This study revealed that water extract from back powder of neem could be used as a botanical in the protection of cowpea against seed beetles.
Metabolizable Energy Levels for Free-Range Broiler Chickens
Authors: Copat Luanna Lopes Paiva , Souza Nascimento Karina Marcia Ribeiro de , Kiefer Charles , Berno Patrícia Rodrigues , Freitas Henrique Barbosa de , Silva Thiago Rodrigues da , Chaves Natália Ramos Batista , Amin Melissa , Santana Patrícia Gomes , Oliveira Nadine Godoy de
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary metabolizable energy levels on the performance and carcass yield of free-range broiler chickens from 1 to 84 days of age. A total of 900 male day-old naked neck lineage chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design between six levels of metabolizable energy (2,700; 2,800; 2,900; 3,000; 3,100 and 3,200 kcal.kg-1 diet) with six replications of 25 birds each. The increase in levels of dietary metabolizable energy resulted in a linear reduction of the feed intake, crude protein and digestible lysine intakes, as well as in the protein body deposition and protein efficiency and linear improvements in the feed conversion ratio of chickens in all experimental phases. The carcass yield, wing and abdominal fat weight and percentage of abdominal fat reduced linearly by increasing the level of dietary metabolizable energy. The diet including 2700 kcal.kg-1 of metabolizable energy in the diet of free-range broiler chickens in phases 1 to 28, 28 and 56 and 57 to 84 days of age does not interfere in the broilers performance and results in a better carcass yield in the final period of production.
Navilouca: poética revista
Authors: Rost Isis Diana
Published: June 2020

Apresentação da Navilouca, revista experimental em edição única programada por Torquato Neto e Waly Salomão, entre 1971 e 1972, mas lançada somente em 1974. Destacando-se das revistas de invenção do período pelo seu caráter de verdadeiro almanaque das artes experimentais e da contracultura, englobando poesia concreta, ensaios críticos, artes plásticas, design gráfico, fotomontagem e cinema marginal, os ensaios escritos para a revista estão numa linguagem totalmente subversiva às normas gramaticais, e existe uma tendência construtiva fundindo-se a uma estética subjetiva, capaz de captar as impressões / sensações daquele momento, numa espécie de liberdade anárquica, uma anti-arte oriunda de rigorosos processos de composição com a proposta de uma participação coletiva planejada, onde os participantes não ‘criam’, ‘experimentam a criação’. Torquato Neto não teve nenhum livro publicado, sua obra espalha-se em vários nichos. Navilouca representa um verdadeiro epitáfio a quem levou às últimas consequências a proposta de fusão entre arte e vida.
A experiência do ser intenso na poesia moderna e a busca pela vida autêntica
Authors: Scandolara Adriano
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como ponto de partida considerações sobre a poesia ocidental moderna como uma arte marcada pela intensidade da experiência singular e pelo ágon contra os limites da linguagem que impõem obstáculos à transmissibilidade dessa experiência. Por meio da aproximação com o discurso místico, sendo o místico o personagem prototípico do contato com o inefável, e com o pensamento de Kierkegaard e Nietzsche sobre o conceito da vida autêntica, pretende-se demonstrar como as dificuldades, obscuridades e complexidades dessa poesia, muitas vezes lacônica, fragmentada, enigmática, se alinham, mesmo que não declaradamente, a um discurso que promove a autenticidade através da experiência linguística.
A importância da voz nos compêndios retóricos oitocentistas e nos manuais de fala pública da modernidade
Authors: Salgado Ana Paula Zanesco , Piovezani Carlos
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho busca identificar o que se diz sobre a voz humana e como são formulados os enunciados a seu respeito no campo da oratória, a partir de uma abordagem discursiva e comparativa. Fundamentado na Análise do discurso, derivada dos trabalhos de Michel Pêcheux e seu grupo, este artigo visa a descrever, interpretar e cotejar os discursos metalinguísticos sobre a voz em duas condições de produção distintas, a saber, em compêndios de retórica do século XIX e em manuais de fala pública do século XXI, publicados no Brasil. Os resultados das análises permitem constatar que, embora haja importantes diferenças no que se diz sobre voz, decorrentes das diversas condições de produção, entre o conjunto de técnicas que avaliam e prescrevem padrões para falar em público, ocorrem, não raras vezes, consideráveis identidades, especialmente naquilo que se diz sobre a importância da voz para a persuasão.
Traumatismo cranioencefálicoe os acidentes de trânsito: levantamento epidemiológico entre os anos de 2008 E 2016
Authors: Morais dos Santos Lorena Laira , Pestillo de Oliveira Leonardo , Nickenig Vissoci João Ricardo
Published: June 2020

No Brasil o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é considerado o principal motivo de morte prematura e as causas estão listadasno grupo de patologias decorrentes de causas externas, sendo os acidentes automobilísticos o principal fator.Este é um estudo ecológico delineado para avaliar o perfil epidemiológico do TCE no Brasil. Para isso foram utilizados os dados das cidades de Belo Horizonte (MG), Campo Grande (MS), Curitiba (PR), Palmas (TO) e Teresina (PI), por serem municípios que fazem parte da implantação do projeto de intervenção Vida no Trânsito, um projeto voltado para a vigilância e prevenção de lesões e mortes no trânsito. Os dados avaliados foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) e consideram o período de pré-intervenção (2008 a 2011) e pós-intervenção (2012 a 2016). Observou-se que o maior aumento no número de internações por TCE decorrentes de acidentes de trânsito foi em Teresina (102%),sendo que 13,67% desses casos foram vítimas que vieram a óbito.O sexo masculino representa o maior número de internações nos cinco municípios tanto no período de 2008 a 2011 (19.960 casos) quanto no período de 2012 a 2016 (30mil casos). A média do valor total gasto nos cinco municípios com serviços hospitalares em geralfoi deR$15.408.834 por ano. Apesar do desempenho do Projeto Vida no Trânsito se revelar significativamente positivo, o impacto socioeconômico associado ao TCEe sua alta prevalência e taxas de incidência estão em constante elevação.Além das deficiências físicas resultantes ao indivíduo e do custo exorbitante para a sociedade, trata-se de um grande problema de saúde pública.
CHANGES IN THE POLISH ELECTORAL BODIES’ SYSTEM AND THE ISSUE OF CITIZENS’ TRUST IN THE RELIABILITY AND HONESTY OF ELECTION PROCEDURES (REFLECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ELECTORS’ CONSTITUTIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS)
Authors: Chmielarz-Grochal Anna , Sułkowski Jarosław
Published: June 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question how the changes in the electoral administration introduced by Amendment Act of 2018 may result on the level of citizens’ trust in the state. The starting point for these considerations is the constitutional consciousness of citizens, which should be an important factor in building and maintaining trust also in electoral bodies and procedures. Elections are an important element of the democratic system. In the electoral process, electoral bodies play a special role in building public confidence. Their task is to ensure a broadly understood reliability of election procedures and fairness of the elections themselves. In the authors’ opinion, the legislator’s intention was a kind of smoke screen, whereas articipatory goals gave way to current politics. Modification of the model of electoral administration from professional to political, increasing the powers of political nominees (electoral commissioners, men of trust) and fairly disrespectful treatment of social observers, as well as favoring party committees, allows to undermine the truthfulness of these intentions. Such actions may raise voters’ reasonable doubts as to the integrity of the elections held, and, as a result, deepen/intensify the already existing distrust.
DECENTRALIZATION AND THE PROBLEM OF THE FEDERALIZATION OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THREAT AND TERRITORIAL INTERALITY
Authors: Hołubko Wiktor
Published: June 2020

The administrative-territorial reform that began in Ukraine aims at modernizing state governance and introducing European standards. First of all, it is about democratization of public administration on the basis of broad territorial self-government and decentralizationof power, as well as introduction of a new territorial-administrative division. Public
opinion often discusses the best practices for achieving these goals, most often addressing decentralization and federalization, mistakenly identifying them as equal. As a consequence, axifugal movements, inspired by internal and external political factors, emerge in Ukraine under the slogan of democratization under the guise of federalization thus creating internal conflicts as well as a threat to its territorial integrity. The prospect of federalization of Ukraine represents a jeopardy to its unity. With economic, cultural, and mental regional differences, the transition from unitarity to federalization will bring further deepening of contrasts. Therefore, the decentralization of public power in the state may be the optimal solution to the problem and an alternative to federalization.
PARTNER’S CONTRIBUTION TO LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AND IN THE CONTEXT OF PARTNER’S LIABILITY
Authors: Zrałek Jacek
Published: June 2020

Limited partnership is a type of partnerships recognized by Polish Commercial Code. There are two types of partners in this type of partnership: first group enjoys limited liability, while the liability of the second group is unlimited. Still partners in first group are personally liable, but their responsibility is limited by the amount indicated in partnership agreement and by the contribution provided to the partnership. The regulation creates a lot of controversies and it remains unclear how precisely such limitation of responsibility should be calculated.
COMMENTARY ON JUDGMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT OF 7 FEBRUARY 2018, II UK 673/16
Authors: Napiórkowska Anna
Published: June 2020

In the commented judgment the Supreme Court held that if the conditions of the recovery of undue benefits are fulfiled by the person who received a benefit unduly (art. 84 [1], [2] of the Act of 13 October 1998 on the social insurance system) as well as by the contribution payer or the other person due to the fact that some false data affecting entitlement to benefits or their amount have been passed by the contribution payer or by the other person (art. 84 [6] of the Act on the social insurance system), then the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) has the choice of who will charge the obligation to return the benefit. The opinion of the Supreme Court expressed in the commented judgment raises doubts
Renesaissance wind instruments with a double reed, part 2
Authors: Szwajgier Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

The present article is the second part of the cycle aimed at collecting and arranging information about the Renaissance wind instruments with a double reed. The author discusses their history, structure, use, ranges, styles and secrets of their playing technique. An addition to the text are the illustrations presenting construction details and circumstances in which these instruments were used.
In the previous issue of “Notes Muzyczny” Agnieszka Szwajgier presented instruments with an “open reed”, such as the shawm, rackett, dulcian or bassanello. In this part she presents instruments whose reed is protected with a so-called “cap”: crumhorn, cornamuse, kortholt or Rauschpfeife. The air is blown through a small hole in the arch of the instrument and a wooden capsule protecting the reed against damage allows it to freely vibrate. These instruments had a small tone range (within a ninth or a tenth), and the lack of contact with the reed made it impossible for performers to shape tone colour or influence the dynamics. That is why with time the instruments were no longer used and became replaced by instruments with a wider range and much greater capacities, such as baroque oboe or chalumeau. The author also touches on the issue of the compromise between the preserved proportions and size of instru- ments and the fact that modern-time performers count on comfort and convenience in playing, which entails a number of facilitations in the instruments’ construction, using plastic reeds, playing in equal temperament or having extra levers which extend the range of an instrument by a second or a third.
Carrying the organ - the thing on the portative, part 2
Authors: Dziewiecki Piotr
Published: June 2020

The present article is the continuation of the text published in issue 12 of “Notes Muzyczny” from December 2019. This paper is devoted to discussing technical issues connected with designing and constructing Opus 1 Portative built by the author; it also touches on practical performance aspects of portative music.
The instrument fully designed and constructed by the author is a one-octave portative with stoppedwoodenpipesanditssoundrangeisc1-c2withanoptiontoretunecs1intobandb 1 into cs2 or d2. The default tuning pitch is a=440Hz but it can be altered within 415-465Hz; the temperament may also be freely changed. One wedge bellow placed at the back of the instrument is used for bellow treading. A leather belt worn over the shoulder and the low weight of the construction allow for playing the instrument not only while sitting but also in a standing position. As compared to similar instruments, this portative has more extended case which fully covers the ends of pipes.
Opus 1 Portative was built thanks to a few years of research studies and technical work of the author covering the construction of organ components and independent attempts to miniaturise them for the purpose of construction of this specific instrument. Thanks to that, in order to build Opus 1 the author used a few original solutions – e.g. the way of gluing top corners of the bellow, the way of regulating the airflow through the foot of the pipe or the technique of attaching the handle to the stopper of a stopped pipe, with the limited space above its body. The majority of experimental solutions brought satisfactory results and for the remaining ones Piotr Dziewiecki managed to find ways to overcome the difficulties which arose.
The author uses the instrument in his own performance practice both for solo music and for playing in ensembles. The portative is very useful for both fields, ensuring wide dynamics and articulation-related capacities. They are connected with an option to very precisely control the pressure of air powering the pipes and with their way of blowing. Its characteristic sound, warm and full of depth, brings associations with human voice. Thanks to that, vocal-and- instrumental music performed on it, with the portative player rendering the singer’s part, sounds good.
Diagnostic capabilities of the WHOQOL-100 Questionnaire in Life’s Quality
assessment for patients with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Snezhitskiy V. A. , Surmach M.Yu , Boyko S.L
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Circulatory system diseases have high
medical and social significance, therefore, the study of
the quality of life associated with health for
cardiological patients is of great practical importance.
A large number of methods for assessing the quality of
life are known, but not all methods have a
methodological justification in cardiology and practical
approbation.
The aim of the work was to assess the clinical value of
the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire for a group of
patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Materials and methods: The work methodology is
presented by the analysis of RISC, Springer Link,
Oxford University Press, New England Medical
Journal, British Medical Journal, Elsevier SCOPUS
database, EBSCO platform, as a result, the WHOQOL100 method was justified for use.
Results: It has been established that the psychological
field (the ratio of positive and negative emotions) and
the sphere of social relations with an emphasis on
practical social support are components of the quality
of life, which can be considered as key vectors of social
rehabilitation and criteria for the social effectiveness of
treating patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion: The international questionnaire
WHOQOL-100 is recommended for use for
cardiological patients with the subsequent analysis of
the whole profile of quality of life.
Prevalence of thromboembolic (VTE) events in a South London District
hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Woodward-Stammers Emily , Ponto M
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has
been defined by many professionals as the term to
describe deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and
pulmonary embolism (PE). It is a condition where a
thrombus (blood clot) forms in the deep veins
usually the lower limbs. DVT can often propagate to
the lungs causing PE which can result in significant
health complications including instant fatality. The
disease occurs in 1 in 20 people in the United
Kingdom (UK) at some point during their life time
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of VTE in a
South London hospital over a period of 3 years. The
objectives of the study were to explore the
characteristics of VTE by examining potential
correlations with demographic variables of gender,
age and ethnicity. Another objective was to
distinguish between hospital-associated VTE and
community-associated VTE and to identify
prevalent types of VTE.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective,
quantitative study using convenience sampling.
Records of 1728 patients diagnosed with VTE
between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2017
were selected. The data was collected using a clinical
computer system to gather patient demographics and
identify whether the episode of VTE was related to a
hospital admission. Data was analysed using SPSS
23 in order to create descriptive statistics.
Spearman’s correlation test was carried out to assess
potential correlations between incidences of VTE
with age. Jonckheere trend tests were used to assess
the significance of trends.
Results: The highest incidence of VTE was among
the white population n=1470 (85.1%). The average
age of the participants in the study was 66.96 years
(standard deviation 17.8), There was a positive
correlation between incidence of VTE and age
(r=0.078, p=0.001). There were more females
diagnosed with VTE, n=895 (51.8%) than males
n=833 (48.2%). This trend was significant at 0.05.
Conclusion: VTE is a concern for the general
population and is a major health problem affecting
99 people per 100,000 of the population each year.
This common disease is prevalent among all
individuals irrespective of age, ethnicity or gender
and is not always related to episodes of
hospitalization. Further research is needed to
examine risk factors and rates of VTE and to
establish whether individual events are triggered by
transient or acquired influences and causal
relationships
PROBE-STÜCKE By Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. The Teaching and the artistic aspects of the cycle1
Authors: Ploch Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the cycle of didactic pieces by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach entitled Probe- Stücke, included in one of the most important works of that composer, i.e. Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments. The text, which was first published in 1753, to this day remains a valued source of knowledge about the period and a helpful support in the process of education. It seems that the cycle of compositions included with the essay is little known and there are very few sources where we can find information about it. In this respect, practical playing schools by Johann Sebastian Bach are much more popular and are used frequently in music education. It is hardly surprising as today the Leipzig cantor is duly regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music. However, the renaissance of the creative output of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel that we observe nowadays, seems to be the right moment to pay attention of music lovers also to the collection of didactic works of that composer. They may turn out to be the key to understand his compositions and also an important element for the field of learning to play keyboard instruments. The cycle includes a complete presentation of genres, various playing techniques, articulations, ornaments, and each part represents a diffe- rent character, a different affect. Listed elements, combined with the composer’s individual style, make the Probe-Stücke a perfect material for teaching keyboard instrument playing. In the article we will find a discussion on the works in the context of the composer’s remarks included in the theoretical part of the essay. Further on the author focuses on the analysis of the compositions in the Probe-Stücke and attempts to evaluate the usefulness of the cycle for teaching purposes as well as its artistic qualities.
Ukrainian baroque instrumental music in the context of European culture
Authors: Zhukova Olena A.
Published: June 2020

The study presents an overview of the history of instrumental music in Ukraine, where choir and solo singing has always played a prominent role. Singing was a substantive part of the church life and folklore of the city and countryside. Thus, the more prominent was the distribution of instrumental music, which embodied cultural links between Ukraine and other European countries. Instrumental music tradition, more common for Catholic and Lutheran countries, came to Ukraine and brought some remarkable examples of brilliant composers with great theoretical and performing skills. Many important names, which belong to Ukrainian musical culture, have been known in the Western Europe as ‘Russian’. For many foreign researchers ‘The Former Soviet Union’ remains a terra incognita, where the national origin of an artist is some- times forgotten. In the past, for many years the most talented Ukrainian musicians were invited or came for fame and money to other countries and became popular there. Although they often got music education in Ukraine, they were often considered as representatives of the Russian culture.
For some time, Ukraine was the source of specialists for nearby countries, so it was the ‘in-between’ between the Western European and Slavonic musical cultures. Rediscovering it by research, performing and elaborating is a very important task for modern Ukrainian per- forming musicians as well as for scholars. Historically Informed Performance in Ukraine nowadays is also an important field for research and promotion among professionals and non- professionals. Achievements in the field of rediscovering of early music are often unknown in the wide circle of musicologists and performing musicians. At the same time, this knowledge can turn out useful not only for early music lovers, but also for musicians who play classical repertoire. This path easily creates many opportunities for collaboration between Ukrainian and European musicians and forms a positive image for Ukraine on the world scene. It also explains the importance of the study.
The Stay and teaching activity of Władysław Kędra
in Vienna (1957-1964) in the light of documents
Kept at the academy of music and Performing arts, Vienna
Authors: Stróżyńska Beata
Published: June 2020

The stay of Władysław Kędra, a charismatic virtuoso pianist representing the Columbus Gene- ration, in Vienna has so far seemed a very good and successful period in the life of this musician originating from Łódź. However, the studies conducted in the archives of the Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst Wien, cast a new light on these eight years. The information included in previous publications about the reasons why the Polish virtuoso left for Vienna and why he returned from the capital of Austria were not confirmed when confronted with the preserved documents. Thanks to a thorough analysis of source materials, the author of the article managed not only to recreate the course of events but also to uncover extremely important facts from the professor’s life, e.g. that he had Austrian citizenship. Now there is no doubt that Władysław Kędra intended to stay there and settle in Vienna for good. The analysis of the Viennese docu- ments allows for recreating to a significant extent the way how he fought for the life he had dreamt of during the occupation of the Stalin era. From the first preserved letter to Dr Hans Sittner, President of Vienna’s Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst, of 23 May 1957, we can follow the efforts of the Polish pianist to be given a contract, i.e., contract of employment for a fixed period, which was extended for him year by year, then to have an opportunity to see his family, have independent accommodation and bring his closest relatives to Vienna, and finally, find out how he applied for citizenship and was given a permanent contract of employment, which entailed awarding him with the lifelong title of Professor by Austrian authorities. Władysław Kędra achieved his goal – he became the citizen of his new home country, gained prestige and recognition, became music professor in the city of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert... And yet, at that very moment when he had everything and fulfilled his dreams, he suddenly left Austria in unclear circumstances. What dramatic events occurred on 2 June 1964 when Prof. Kędra suddenly wrote two applications for discharge from employment – in one of them he did not justify his decision, only referring very precisely to relevant regulations, which were undoubtedly dictated to him by some official, while in the second one he gave an untrue and completely unlikely in his situation reason for his quitting? There is no trace in the documents of the events which were the cause of that sudden decision.
It needs to be stressed that the present article was written exclusively based on the docu- ments (including letters) kept at the Viennese Akademie für Musik und darstellende Kunst in Władysław Kędra’s personal file. The author did not refer to his family’s recollections or to texts published previously about the pianist so as to present facts in a reliable way, and not inter- pretations of these facts.