bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrize polimerikodun konposite magnetikoen sorrera
Authors: Aketxe-Bilbao Eneko Ander , Ruiz-Rubio Leire , Veloso-Fernández Antonio
Published: October 2021

Konpositeak propietate desberdinak dituzten bi konposatuz (edo gehiagoz) osatutako materialak dira, gaur egun oso erabiliak. Normalean, konposatu ugarienari matrizea deritzo, eta han barreiatzen den konposatuari gehigarria edo karga deitzen zaio. Material hauen erabilpena hainbat esparrutara zabaltzen da, esaterako eraikuntzetako hormigoi armatuetara eta surf oholen beiradun plastikoetara. Hau da, ia toki guztietan aurkitu daitezke material konposatuak, eta gaur egungo teknologia-garapenaren ikerketa-arloan ere ez dira salbuespen. Ikerketa hauetan gehienbat matrize polimerikodun konpositeetan ikertu dira, matrize polimerikoak eskaintzen dituen propietateak oso aplikazio tarte zabala dakarrelako. Matrize polimerikodun hauen artean poliuretanoen erabilpena gero eta gehiago sustatzen ari da, dituen propietate elastikoengatik eta sortzeko errazak direlako, naturan inpaktu handirik izan barik. Horrekin batera, gaur egungo poliuretanoen garapena asko handitu da, dituzten aldakortasun eta aplikazio ugariei esker. Bestalde, estimulu magnetikoei erantzuna emateko eta material adimenduak garatzeko partikula magnetikoak konpositeetan barreiatzea oso interesgarria da. Partikula magnetikoen pro- pietateak, egitura, tamaina eta sortuak izateko jasan duten tratamenduek determinatzen dituzte, eta, horren arabera, izaera ezberdinekoak izan daitezke: paramagnetikoak, ferromagnetikoak, ferrimagnetikoak, diamagnetikoak edo antiferromagnetikoak. Lan honetan, film itxurako konpositeak sortu eta aztertu dira, eta poliuretanozko matrizean kobaltozko ferritak (CoFe2o4), partikula ferromagnetikoak barreiatu dira. Materialak karakterizatzeko trakzio proba. Ekorketazko kalorimetria Diferentziala (DSC) eta Lagin Bibrazionaleko Magnetometria (VSM) teknikak erabili dira. Lortutako konpositeek, eremu magnetiko estimuluaren eraginez, bere gainazala eraldatzeko aukera izango dute. Beraz, konposite hauen erabilpena zabaldu daiteke energia garbiaren erauzketarako, mikrotxipetarako, ordenagailuetarako edo urpekaritza jantzietarako.
Effect of M-QAM Modulation Technique for a Converged Network Infrastructure Radio over Fiber (RoF)
Authors: Quilindo Mendez Cristian David , Hoyos Zúñiga Eduar Fernando , Gómez Agredo Gustavo Adolfo
Published: October 2021

The objective of the research is to analyze, at the simulation level, the effect of the M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) technique, in the downlink, for a converged Radio over Fiber (RoF) network infrastructure, implementing the Ortho-gonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the Passive Optical Network architecture, with 10 Gbps capa-city (XG-PON). The evaluation of the effect of the M-QAM modulation technique was done through a pre-established simulation methodology and using the optsim sof-tware for the network model and tests. In the results of the research, the increase of the order of M-QAM modulation for a con-verged OFDM-RoF network infrastructure allows to represent more bits per symbol, however, it requires a higher transmission power. The conclusion derives in the pos-sibility of developing a robust converged OFDM-RoF network infrastructure of XG-PON type, implementing the M-QAM tech-nique, since it efficiently uses the available bandwidth.
CyberDrone: una plataforma de ciberseguridad para detección de ataques a drones
Authors: Zapata-Madrigal Germán D. , García Sierra Rodolfo
Published: October 2021

Se presentó el desarrollo de una plataforma de ciberseguridad para vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, por sus siglas en inglés) o drones según la tecnología cyber-deception. Esta tecnología tiene como fundamento la creación deliberada de señuelos (honeypots) de fácil acceso y detección para detectar potenciales intrusos en el perímetro de una infraestructura crítica. Se explicó el modelo conceptual de la solución propuesta y la descripción detallada de cada uno de los procedimientos desarrollados, se implementó una metodología de desarrollo tecnológico, se llevaron a cabo procedimientos para la creación de señuelos en redes inalámbricas wifi y en bandas de radiofrecuencia (RF), y se incluyó la aproximación al desarrollo de un procedimiento de GPS Spoofing. Este último fue explorado usando un equipo de radio definido por software (SDR, por sus siglas en inglés) para la suplantación de señales GPS que permite la implementación de estrategias de defensa contra drones atacantes. Finalmente, se describe la plataforma web para monitorear los señuelos activos y para registrar los intentos de penetración. Estos registros de intento de penetración se almacenan en una blockchain desarrollada según la tecnología Ethereum. Se encontró que las redes inalámbricas wifi y de RF poseen vulnerabilidades que pueden ser explotadas por potenciales atacantes. También que el procedimiento GPS Spoofing es mucho más complejo que los procedimientos por redes inalámbricas, pero que permitiría tomar acción sobre drones atacantes.
Creating space for reflection and dialogue: Examples of new modes of communication for empowering climate action
Authors: Fraude Carolin , Bruhn Thomas , Stasiak Dorota , Wamsler Christine , Mar Kathleen , Schäpke Niko , Schroeder Heike , Lawrence Mark
Published: October 2021

“The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again but expecting different results.” This quote by Albert Einstein highlights our need for new formats of communication to address the knowledge-action gap regarding climate change and other sustainability
challenges. This includes reflection, and communication spaces, as well as methods and approaches that can catalyze the emergence of transformative change and action. In this article we present and reflect on experiments we carried out at international climate negotiations and conferences.
Nonlinear radiative transport of hybrid nanofluids due to moving sheet with entropy generation
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Muhammad Taseer , Bukhari Faisal Fareed , Farooq Umar , Alqarni Marei Saeed
Published: October 2021

The goal of this research is to investigate the mathematical framework for the MHD flow of hybrid nanoliquids with CNTs and nonlinear thermally radiation over a moving sheet. This model is used for blood-based nanoliquids for two related nanomaterials. To see temperature fluctuations, the nonlinear and linear thermal radiations were used to differentiate the objective of this model. The main governing equations are converted from PDEs to ODEs using similarities transformations. The shooting approach is used to obtain the graphical and numerical results by employing a bvp4c solver in computational software MATLAB. The results of this research may be used to determine the influence of certain important design factors on heat transfer and, as a result, to optimize energy sources. For increasing the volume fraction of nanomaterials, the velocity field is enhanced. The thermal profile increases as the heat source-sink parameter enlarges. The thermal field has been improved to account for the changes in Eckert number and the temperature ratio parameter. For larger estimations of the Brinkman constant, the entropy field is enhanced. For larger estimations of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the entropy field is enhanced.
COVID-19 pandemic reflections in philately
Authors: Pekesen Mehtap , Ataman Ahmet Doğan , Vatanoğlu-Lutz Elif
Published: October 2021

Contagious diseases have always been a big challenge for so many civilizations in the past and they resulted in numerous numbers of death and big historical changes. Also so many contagious diseases which have been thought to be eradicated still continue to have mutations and endanger health. COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) endemic started in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019 and turned into a pandemic in a short time. When we look at the history, we see many other corona virus types (e.g. SARS, MERS) causing pandemic. This article provides an overview of the history and progression of the coronavirus through the COVID-19 outbreak, which is rapidly spreading and posing a threat. In addition, it is aimed to thank all healthcare professionals who work with great sacrifice all over the world during the COVID-19 Pandemic process and to use stamps, which are a great cultural treasure in terms of public health awareness.
AUTOETHNOGRAPHIC VIEW OF SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIAL WORK EDUCATORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: HIGHLIGHTING SOCIAL (IN)JUSTICE
Authors: Perumal Nevashnee , Pillay Roshini , Zimba Zibonele France , Sithole Mbongeni , Van der Westhuizen Marichen , Khosa Priscalia , Nomngcoyiya Thanduxolo , Mokone Malebo , September Uwarren
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 has exposed the inequalities and polarisation of South African communities and institutions of higher learning on the continuum of privilege. As nine social work educators, we share our reflections on how we traversed the higher education space during the beginning of the pandemic, using an autoethnography lens, with the pedagogy of discomfort and critical social work theory as the threads in the complex tapestry of our stories. We describe our orientations as social work educators, the successes, challenges, and recommendations on reimagining and reframing learning and teaching in relation to student-institutional relationships, boundaries and support.
California Association for Bilingual Education (CABE) Position Statement on Ebonics
Authors: Berdan Robert , Wiley Terrence , Lavadenz Magaly
Published: October 2021

In this position statement, the authors write in support of Ebonics (also known as African American Vernacular English, Black English, Black Dialect, and African American Language) as a legitimate language. The linguistic and cultural origins of Ebonics is traced, along with its legitimacy by professional organizations and the courts. CABE asserts that the role of schools and teachers is therefore to build on students’ knowledge of Ebonics rather than replace or eradicate Ebonics as they teach standard English. This position statement has implications for teacher training.
Evaluation of specific integrals by differentiation – part 2
Authors: Kecskés Norbert
Published: October 2021

One of the most important computational techniques in higher mathematics is differentiation and its counterpart, integration (anti-differentiation). While differentiation is a routine and relatively simple procedure, integration, in general, is a much more involving task. Close (inverse) relationship between differentiation and anti-differentiation (evaluation of indefinite integrals) in some cases reveals the possibility to derive the form of the antiderivative and evaluate this antiderivative by differentiation and subsequent comparison of coefficients. This paper is a sequel to [4] and deals with some other types of elementary functions whose integrals can be evaluated by differentiation.
Logical reasoning in life situations and in mathematics
Authors: Matušek Vladimír
Published: October 2021

Having a certain amount of knowledge from the area of Propositional Logic can refine logical reasoning in life situations and in mathematics. Judgment is an important activity where we obtain logical consequences arising from the assumptions made. The article provides examples of correct and incorrect judgments. It draws attention to the mistakes that students make in determining the correctness of their judgments. By using appropriate methods, the mentioned inaccuracies can be eliminated and thus the teaching process will be improved, and the students’ level of knowledge increased. We analyzed the knowledge of students at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in the years 2018 to 2019 from the area of propositional logic. The tasks in the tests were aimed at on the basic knowledge of propositional logic. The main hypothesis was that by introducing statements of logic into teaching we can improve logical reasoning not only in mathematics, but also in everyday life situations. In determining the main hypothesis of our research, we relied on mathematical knowledge related to definitions and sentences and teaching experience. We performed a pedagogical experiment in two different groups. After evaluating the test results, differences in knowledge were found between the two tested groups.
Intramuscular Ketamine to Treat Major Depressive Disorder: A Case Series of Forty Patients
Authors: CJ Bonnett , R Jain , CN Ross , DA Wallington , TR Schock
Published: October 2021

Introduction: While the use of ketamine to treat severe depression and post-traumatic stress disorder has been well documented in the literature, fewer studies have investigated the efficacy of Intramuscular (IM) ketamine to treat these conditions.
Objective Evaluation of the Longevity of A Calcium Hydroxylapatite-Based Filler (Radiesse®)
Authors: M Angelo-Khattar
Published: October 2021

Background: Calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) based soft-tissue filler (Radiesse® , Merz) is categorised as a biodegradable collagen-stimulating implant. It is comprised of a suspension of 25-45 micron diameter microspheres of CaHA(30%) in a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel carrier (70%) and is one of the most well researched soft-tissue fillers. However, great discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the duration of clinical effect with the implant, ranging from only 6 to 24 months.
EVICTION OF A TENANT AFTER TERMINATION OF A LEASE OF RESIDENTIAL PREMISES
Authors: Henk Delport
Published: October 2021

This Note examines the procedure to be followed to evict a tenant of residential premises where the lease has terminated but the tenant refuses to vacate. Attention is given firstly to the position at common law. The provisions of the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998 (“the PIE Act”) are discussed next, together with the judgment in Ndlovu v Ngcobo; Bekker v Jika (2003 1 SA 113 (SCA)) which held that the eviction of a tenant (being a natural person) from a dwelling is no longergoverned by common law but by the provisions of the PIE Act. The focus then falls on the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Amendment Bill 2008 which, amongst others, seeks to undo the Ndlovu judgment, subject to certain exceptions. It is argued that the Bill fails to distinguish between the various categories of landlords in the residential letting market, and as a result fails to recognize that certain tenants rightfully qualify for protection under the PIE Act. The note concludes by analyzing the position should the PIE Amendment Bill become law. It is submitted that although the PIE Act would as a generalrule no longer govern the eviction of tenants from dwellings, the provisions of section 26(3) of the Constitution will still apply. This provides that “no one may be evicted from their home … without an order of Court made after considering all the relevant circumstances”. The application of the section is examined in the context of eviction proceedings instituted by landlords ofresidential premises.
DISMISSALS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
Authors: Thanduxolo Qotoyi  , Adriaan van der Walt
Published: October 2021

Competitive forces in the market force employers to change the way they operate their businesses. The changes that employers have to make often demand an alteration of the employees’ terms and conditions of employment. By law employers are not permitted to effect changes to the employees’ terms and conditions of employment unilaterally. They have to obtain the consent of the affected employees. This is where collective bargaining fits in. The employer has to negotiate with the employees. One way in which, through the process of collective bargaining, an employer can exert pressure on the employees to accept the changes is to effect a lock-out.Under the Labour Relations Act 28 of 1956 within the context of a lock-out, an employer was permitted to use conditional dismissal as a bargaining weapon. This conditional dismissal had to be coupled with an offer of re-employment should the employees accept an employer’s demand. In essence, the lock-out had a bite in the form of the conditional dismissal. This made the lock-out quite effective.The 1995 Labour Relations Act prohibits in no uncertain terms the use of a dismissal as a means of compelling employees to accept an employer’s demand in any matter of mutual interest. Within the collective bargaining context, dismissal is not a legitimate option. The employer only has the lock-out as a tool of compulsion. The definition of a lock-out in terms of this Act does not accommodate the use of dismissal. This makes the lock-out option to be less potent than it was under the 1956 Labour Relations Act. However, employers are permitted to dismiss on operational grounds, provided that they follow a fair procedure. Terms and conditions of employment greatly feature in the operational requirements of a business. If the employees’ terms and conditions of employment are not responsive to the operational requirements of the business and they are unwilling to accept changes to those terms, the employer has the right todismiss them. The employer will not be dismissing the employees as a way of inducing them to accept the changes. He will instead be dismissing them on the basis of operational requirements. The question that then arises is how should a dismissal that is intended to compel employees to accept an employers demand (falling within section 187(1)(c) of the 1995 Labour Relations Act) be distinguished from a dismissal that is genuinely based on operational requirements as contemplated by section 188(1)(a)(ii). The question arises whether the fact that section 187(1)(c) explicitly prohibits the use of dismissal within the context of collective bargaining gives rise to some tension with section 188(1)(a)(ii) which categorically gives employers the right to dismiss on operational grounds.
REGULATING THE TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF ABSCONDING EMPLOYEES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND PUBLIC EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PRELIMINARY VIEW
Authors: Adriaan van der Walt  , David Abrahams  , Thanduxolo Qotoyi
Published: October 2021

The issue that is addressed in this note is whether or not the provisions dealing with unexplained absence in the South African national and provincial public sector does not unreasonably limit the constitutional right to fair labour practices, and whether the provisions do not circumvent the essential provisions of Convention 158 of the ILO. The public service at local level is not affected, since the Public Service Act is not applicable to such employees. Such employees enjoy the same legal protection as private-sector employees. This note therefore explores how these issues may be addressed, by firstly considering the general legal position in relation to employees who are absent without leave as well as absconding employees. Secondly the “deemed dismissal” provisions in the public sector are discussed. Thirdly, the constitutionality of the “deemed dismissal” provisions are briefly considered. The note concludes by providing an analysis of the courts’ approach to this matter, as well as making certain recommendations regarding the way forward.
Adalékok egy soproni ügyvéd műveltségéhez
Authors: Károlyi Bálint
Published: October 2021

A Magyar Királyság társadalmának egy jelentős részét adta a köznemesség. A nemesség soraiban bár az egyik legszélesebb tábort képezte, maga a köznemesség is jelentősen tagolt volt anyagi, kulturális és más szinteken. Ehhez képest napjainkig viszonylag kevés kutatás helyezte középpontba ezt a társadalmi csoportot.
Some solutions to improve the quality of teaching and learning pedagogical training subjects in teacher training
Authors: Pham Thi Kim Anh
Published: October 2021

In the teacher training, whether training according to any models and methods, the pedagogical skill subjects are very important. Pedagogical training makes the teacher successful. Without pedagogical skills, teachers cannot practice skillfully and effectively. Therefore, teaching and learning pedagogical training subjects is considered as the specific and core feature of teacher training. On the basis of practical learning, analyzing the inadequacies and limitations in teaching and learning pedagogical training from the training program to the competencies of lectures and other factors such as: content, teaching methods; organization of practice, internship in high school; inspection and evaluation; facilities in education universities, our article focuses on proposing solutions to improve the quality of teaching and learning pedagogical training subjects in teacher training.
Do Resource-Rich Provinces Perform Lower Democratization Progress? Estimating Oil Impact on Democracy Indicators in Indonesia
Authors: Hilmawan Rian
Published: October 2021

This study examined whether oil dependence affected democracy quality by referring to provincial-level data in Indonesia. While physical quantity production was used to measure oil dependence, democracy was measured based on the Indonesian Democracy Index (IDI). Static panel data analysis was employed to control unobserved time-invariant characteristics of each province, including a robust Driscoll and Kraay (D-K) standard error model for the general forms of cross-sectional dependence when dealing with panel observation. The results showed that oil-dependent provinces tended not to have weak democratic qualities. The effects were also robust when democracy was separated into three main elements of the IDI: political rights, civil liberties, and democratic institutions, or when an alternative measure of dependency was used. Interestingly, this study found that oil dependence had a stronger effect on democracy in provinces with a lack of oil than in Sumatra and Kalimantan, globally known as dominant resource locations.
Efficacy of intra-articular methylprednisolone along with platelet rich plasma vs. platelet rich plasma in early osteoarthritis: a retrospective study
Authors: Mahajan Ketas K. , Dudhia Sneh H.
Published: October 2021

Background: Increased prevalence as well as burden affecting osteoarthritis of knee joint has led to increase in concerns regarding safety of various pharmacological methods. Hence, there is an increase in demand for newer and effective strategies for treatment and manage­ment. Thus, a novel alternate for treatment is required that might repair damage to cartilage rather than simply reduce related symptoms. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of intra-articular methylprednisolone along with platelet rich plasma versus platelet rich plasma in early knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with initial stages of osteoarthritis of knee according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Patients age range was between 40 to 80 years who were divided into 2 groups; group I: It contained 30 subjects treated with intra-articular injections of Platelet Rich Plasma in combination with methylprednisolone and group II: comprised of 30 patients treated with intra-articular injection of Platelet rich Plasma alone. Clinical data pertaining to medical history, VAS and KOOS scores were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the student’s t test. Results: Statistically significant improvements in VAS and KOOS score values were observed on assessment of scores at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months intervals, respectively. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the study that a combination therapy of intra-articular injection of combination of PRP with methylprednisolone yields superior results when compared to use of PRP injections alone.
Psychological specifics of the professional activity of the subject-information class
Authors: Karpov Anatoly V. , Chemyakina Anna V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents theoretical and methodological materials that justify the need to differentiate a new class of professional activity - subject-information. This class is qualitatively specific in relation to two other traditionally distinguished classes: subject-object and subject-subject. Based on the material of the most representative types of activity of this class, which are implemented through computer technologies, its psychological characteristics are given. It is shown how the research of this class can contribute to the further development of the psychological theory of activity. A new approach to the research of this class of activity is formulated, based on the synthesis of the main provisions of the psychological theory of activity and modern metacognitivism.
Circuito Bqueer: tempo e imagem negra LGBTQI+ na Amazônia paraense
Authors: Fletcher John
Published: October 2021

ResumoO presente artigo apresenta uma leitura de aspectos memoriais, visuais e conceituais em torno das experiências artísticas de Rafael Bqueer na cidade de Belém durante o ano de 2019. Nesse sentido, propõe identificar, nestas produções, facetas ligadas às temporalidades das imagens, à remontagem de imaginários locais e amazônicos e ao artivismo negro e LGBTQI+. Como base teórica, o diálogo se dá com Georges Didi-Huberman, Walter Benjamin, Ernani Chaves, Djamilla Ribeiro e Achille Mbembe, articulados em uma perspectiva dialógica com relatos dx artista. As proposições artísticas de Bqueer aqui são tomadas como disparadoras de chaves sígnicas para se acessar determinados dilemas e enfrentamentos de uma produção visual amazônica de alta voltagem política.AbstractThis article presents a reading of memorial, visual and conceptual aspects of Rafael Bqueer's artistic experiences in the city of Belém during 2019. In this sense, it proposes to identify, in these productions, facets linked to the temporalities of images, to the reassembly of local and Amazonian imaginary and to black and LGBTQI + artivism. As a theoretical basis, the dialogue takes place with Georges Didi-Huberman, Walter Benjamin, Ernani Chaves, Djamilla Ribeiro and Achille Mbembe, articulated on a dialogical perspective with reports provided by the artist. Bqueer's artistic propositions here are taken as triggers of sign keys to access certain dilemmas and confrontations of a political high-voltage Amazonian visual production.
Prevalence of Substance Abusers in a Tourist Area
Authors: Kumar Sunil 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Substance abuse is a global problem in the youth which is becoming a catastrophe and it is more prevelant in tourist areas worldwide. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study held during the month of January 2015 at health camps organized in a tourist area by HR foundation. A Total 2000 subjects were studied, out of which 200 were drug addicts . Results and conclusion:A prevalence rate of ten percent was obtained. It was observed that males were commonly involved. The victims belonged to younger age groups and lower socioeconomic section. The most commonly abused substance was Charas.
Profitabilities and Constraints to Sweet Potato Production in Nigeria
Authors: JC Udemezue
Published: October 2021

Nigeria is one of the largest producers of sweet potato in sub-Saharan Africa with annual production estimated at 3.46 million tons per year. It is an important food security and early maturity crop that can be intercropped with some crops like yam and maize. Sweet potato can also be a mono crop based on the intentions of the farmer. In Nigeria, more than 85% of the sweet potato production is done by farmers who maintain small scale farming and carry out their operations manually with traditional farm tools. Despite the economic importance the crop, Nigeria is still at declining stage in spite of the various incentives by the government to boost massive production. Farmers’ output still falls below 60 percent and to arrest the condition, this paper recommended that; The means of production technology should be improved as well as other factors that support farmers output should be given adequate attention. The use of modern agricultural equipment to enhance mass production of sweet potato which could lead to export of sweet potatoes to other country should be encouraged. There is need to encourage more research work on the poor variety of seeds that is currently used by the farmers. The existing research centre established by the government for potato research such as National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike and potato research institute Jos should be strengthened to achieve their mandate. Farmers and processors of sweet potatoes need to be assisted with improved technologies and increased financial assistance to be able to acquire modern equipment for production, processing and marketing of potatoes.
Optimal Inventory Strategies for Pharmaceutical Products Incorporating Carbon Emissions
Authors: Odunayo Adejuwon Adekunle 
Published: October 2021

Aim: α-Amylases are well known for their applications ranging from food and paper industries to pharmaceutical industries. Materials and Methods: Aspergillus vadensis isolated from pulverised cocoa seed was employed in the submerged fermentation of plantain peel. The pH and temperature of the extract were measured at two days (48 hrs) interval using pH meter and sugar concentration was also determined using Fehling test. Protein content and α-amylase activity of the crude extract was determined. Results:The pH of the crude extract decreased from 4.78 on the first day to 2.51 on day eight (192 hrs) while the temperature of the extract fluctuated between 27 oC and 28 oC. The sugar concentration in the extract increased from 3.36 mg/ml after 48 hrs to 26 mg/ml after 144 hrs and declined to 8.02 mg/ml after 192 hrs. The α-amylase activity also reached its peak (68.86 U/mg protein) on the 6th day (144 hrs) but declined to 50 U/mg protein on the 8th day (192 hrs). Acknowledgements: It can be concluded that plantain peel can be employed as a cheap and readily available substrate in the production of α-amylase that is used for various biotechnologically-based industrial applications thereby, adding value to plantain and also decreasing the amount of this agro industrial waste in the environment.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Models as Tools to Predict Aerosol distribution in Tracheobronchial Airways
Authors: Bianchi, Elena
Published: October 2021

Aerosol and pollutants, in form of particulates 5 - 8 um in main size face every day our respiratory system as natural suspension in air or forced to be inhaled as a coadjutant in a medical therapy for respiratory diseases. This inhalation happens in children to elderly, women and men, healthy or sick and disable people. In this paper we analyzed the inhalation of aerosol in conditions assimilable to the thermal therapy, in a model of patient representing an adult man. We use a computational fluid dynamic 3D model to compute and visualize the trajectories of aerosol down to the sixth generation of bronchi, in a dynamic condition set as breath cycle at rest. Results, compared to a set of milestones experimental studies published in literature, allow the comprehension of particles behavior during the inhalation from mouth to bronchi sixth generation, the visualization of jets, recirculation and deposition, in a characteristic geometrical model including rings. Numerical and graphical results, usable from researchers, technicians and medical doctors, may enable the design of medical devices and protocols to make the inhalations more effective in all the user’s population.
Influence of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Sulfamethoxazole Using LC-MS and GC-MS Spectrometry
Authors: Jana Snehasis
Published: October 2021

Sulfamethoxazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic especially used for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. This study was performed to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of sulfamethoxazole using LC-MS and GC-MS spectroscopy. Sulfamethoxazole sample was divided into two parts, one part of sulfamethoxazole was considered as control (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part was treated with The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The LC-MS spectra of both the samples at retention time (Rt) 2.5 minutes exhibited the mass of the deprotonated molecular ion peak at m/z 252 [M-H]- (calculated for C10H10N3O3S-, 252.04). The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly increased by 44.67% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13C, 2H, 15N, 17O, and 33S contributions from (C10H10N3O3S)- to m/z 253 in the treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. The control and treated sulfamethoxazole showed the presence of a chromatographic peak at the retention time of 16.91 min in the GC-MS chromatograms. The peak area% of the treated sample was significantly increased by 80.3% compared to the control sample. The GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly increased by 24.13% and 90.53%, respectively compared with the control sample. Hence, 13C, 2H, 15N, 17O, 18O, 33S, and 34S contributions from (C10H10N3O3S)+ to m/z 254 and 255 in the Biofield Energy Treated sample were significantly increased compared with the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+2/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N or 17O/16O or 33S/32S) and PM+2/PM (18O/16O or 34S/32S) in the treated sulfamethoxazole were significantly altered compared to the control sample. It can be assumed that the changes in isotopic abundance and mass peak intensities could be due to changes in nuclei possibly through the interference of neutrino particles via The Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment. The new form of sulfamethoxazole would be better designing novel pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better solubility, dissolution, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic response against urinary tract infections, ear infections, tuberculosis, traveler’s diarrhea, shigellosis, bronchitis, and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, etc.
Algorithms for Finding Diameter Cycles of Biconnected Graphs
Authors: Karaata Mehmet Hakan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we first coin a new graph theoretic problem called the diameter cycle problem with numerous applications. A longest cycle in a graph G = (V, E) is referred to as a diameter cycle of G iff the distance in G of every vertex on the cycle to the rest of the on-cycle vertices is maximal. We then present two algorithms for finding a diameter cycle of a biconnected graph. The first algorithm is an abstract intuitive algorithm that utilizes a brute-force mechanism for expanding an initial cycle by repeatedly replacing paths on the cycle with longer paths. The second algorithm is a concrete algorithm that uses fundamental cycles in the expansion process and has the time and space complexity of O(n^6) and O(n^2), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this problem was neither defined nor addressed in the literature. The diameter cycle problem distinguishes itself from other cycle finding problems by identifying cycles that are maximally long while maximizing the distances between vertices in the cycle. Existing cycle finding algorithms such as fundamental and longest cycle algorithms do not discover cycles where the distances between vertices are maximized while also maximizing the length of the cycle.
How Subsidence Affects Clinical and Radiological Outcomes after Stand-Alone Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion on Patients with Degenerative Cervical Disease? A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Yang In-Chul , Han Moon-Soo , Lee Gwang-Jun , Lee Seul-Kee , Moon Bong Ju , Lee Jung-Kil
Published: October 2021

Objective: We aimed to examine the long-term radiological and clinical outcomes after stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Methods: In total, we enrolled 20 patients and 31 treated segments with degenerative cervical disease that underwent stand-alone ACDF with ≥60 months of follow-up. Segmental angle (SA), cervical sagittal alignment (CSA), subsidence, and fusion were evaluated. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and the neck disability index (NDI) were applied pre- and post-operatively and at the last follow-up.Results: Subsidence occurred in 9 (45%) patients and 15 segments (48.4%) at the last follow-up. The mean VAS and NDI scores had improved in both groups with and without subsidence. The mean SA at the last follow-up had significantly increased to 2.3°±8.5° in the subsidence group and to 1.7°± 5.2° degree in the non-subsidence group compared to the post-operative SA (p<0.001). The overall mean CSA at the last follow-up significantly increased overtime in both groups from the postoperative CSA (p=0.003). The fusion rate was 86.7% in the subsidence group and 81.3% in non-subsidence group. However, the difference in SA, CSA and fusion rates between the two groups were not statistically significant (p=0.119, 0.98, and 0.682, respectively).Conclusion: As a result of a long-term follow-up study after stand-alone ACDF, subsidence occurs to some extent. Still, it does not appear to significantly impact radiological and clinical outcomes if the clinician performs sufficient decompression of foramen during surgery. Subsidence seems to have a positive influence on the fusion rate.
Aberrant Inferior Pancreatic Artery Arising From Replaced Middle Colic Artery
Authors: Rana Puneet , Singh Shashi
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Anatomical variants of the celiac trunk are frequently encountered during angiography. The purpose of this case report is to describe a rare celiac trunk variant and additional aberrant pancreatic vasculature discovered during trauma workup. Methods: We report a rare anatomic variant in which the celiac trunk gives rise to the middle colic artery. In addition, we report a replaced Inferior pancreatic artery variant that has not been previously described in literature. Results: Emergent angiogram performed on a 19-year-old female, who was activated as a level 1 trauma, demonstrated the middle colic artery arising from the celiac trunk and providing a pancreatic artery branch supplying a portion of the pancreatic body and tail. Conclusion: This case demonstrates rare arterial variants and emphasizes the importance of preoperative imaging prior to interventional procedures or abdominal surgery.
Relationship Between Climatic Factors and Regional Drowning Mortality in China
Authors: Huang Yi , Shi Hujing , Zhang Jin
Published: October 2021

Drowning is the leading cause of death for young people. For a long time, drowning mortality is much higher in southern China than in northern China. Climate of the two parts of China are quite different. The aim of this study is to explore relationship between precipitation, temperature in summer, water system distribution and higher mortality rate of drowning in southern China than in northern China. We collected geographical distribution of drowning mortality, precipitation, temperature, population density, water system and income of China. Statistical tests were performed to find if there are any statistical difference of drowning and its influencing factors between northern and southern China. We conducted a logistic regression to evaluate the association between drowning and climatic factors. Life expectancy lost caused by drowning in northern and southern China were calculated. Abundant water system and plenty precipitation (OR: 1.589, 95%CI: 1.350 ~ 1.871), hotter summer (OR: 1.252, 95%CI: 1.075 ~ 1.459) and longer summer (OR: 1.357, 95%CI: 1.161 ~ 1.585) in southern China leaded to significantly higher drowning compared with northern China, especially for children. Life expectancy lost caused by drowning in southern China in 1990 and 2013 was 0.492 and 0.162 year, respectively, while the data in northern China is 0.245 and 0.101 year, respectively. High temperature in summer and low economic performance in part of Xinjiang are key reasons for its high ranking in drowning mortality, despite the fact that Xinjiang is located in northern China. Climatic factors formed higher mortality of young people in southern China. Our findings suggest decision-makers of different region should take more adaptive and effective measures to reduce drowning risks.
Single-center Retrospective Analysis of One-stop Hybrid Surgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Ma Yihui , Wang Lesheng , Shi Jichun , Dong Lixin , Zhang Tingbao , Feng Yu , Gong Yan , Chen Xinjun , Zhao Wenyuan , Chen Jincao
Published: October 2021

Objectives To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of one-stop hybrid surgery of microsurgical resection combined with preoperative embolization or intraoperative angiography for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) and compare the efficacy of one-stop hybrid surgery with nonhybrid surgery (endovascular embolization alone) in the treatment of bAVMs. Methods A single-center retrospective study was performed to recruit 70 patients with bAVMs at our hospital between July 2017 and April 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the mode of surgery: hybrid group (i.e., microsurgical resection combined with preoperative endovascular embolization or intraoperative angiography in the hybrid operating room), and nonhybrid group (i.e., endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microsurgical resection alone). The hybrid group was divided into two subgroups: the microsurgical resection combined with preoperative embolization, and the microsurgical resection combined with intraoperative angiography subgroups. All patients’ demographic variables, clinical manifestations, and imaging features, postoperative complications, and long-term clinical prognosis were recorded and analyzed. Results Among 70 patients, 48 (68.6%) of whom presented cerebral hemorrhage due to bAVMs rupture. 36 (51.4%) patients in the hybrid group were treated with the combination of pre-operative embolization or intraoperative angiography combined with microsurgical resection, whereas 34 (48.6%) in the nonhybrid group underwent embolization alone. There was no statistical difference in gender, age, ruptured bAVM rate, Spetzler-Martin grades between the 2 groups. Regular clinical and radiological follow-up examinations cure rates were 94.4% in the hybrid group compared to 38.3% in the nonhybrid group (P<0.01). The percentage of patients with favorable outcomes was 94.1% in the hybrid group and 90.6% in the nonhybrid group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions One-stop hybrid surgery could be a safe and effective intervention to treat bAVMs clinically, whereas further follow-up is needed to determine the long-term effects after operation.
Modelling and Optimization of Photovoltaic Serpentine Type Thermal Solar Collector With Thermal Energy Storage System For Hot Water and Electricity Generation For Single Residential Building
Authors: Baskaran Srimanickam , Satchi Christopher Sathiya , Amirtharajan Saranya , Durai Metilda Manuel Swami
Published: October 2021

Increasing surface temperature significantly affects the electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. A closed-loop forced circulation serpentine tube design of cooling water system is used to effectively manage the surface temperature of PV panels. A real-time experiment was first carried out with a PV panel with a cooling system at HTF flow rates of 60 kg h-1, 120 kg h-1, and 180 kg h-1. Based on the experimentation, a correlation for a nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) and thermal efficiency for collector was developed for experimental validation of useful energy gained, cell temperature and electric power generation. The developed corrections are validated with electrical power and useful energy gained in photovoltaic serpentine thermal solar collector (PV/STSC) and fit into experimental results with a deviation of 1% and 2.5 % respectively. Further, with the help of developed correlations, a system was developed in the TRNSYS tool through which an optimization study was performed based on electric and hot water demand. The findings indicate that an optimal system with an 8 m2 PV/STSC area, a HTF flow rate of 60 kg h-1, and TES system having a volume and height of 280 l and 0.8 m could meet 91 % and 33 % of the hot water demand for Ac loads and 78 % or DC loads, respectively.
Physical activity and screen time in Australian Outside School Hours Care: current versus best practice
Authors: Virgara Rosa , Phillips Anna , Lewis Lucy , Richardson Mandy , Maher Carol
Published: October 2021

Background

Outside school hours care (OSHC) is accessed by millions of children internationally. Recently, physical activity and screen time guidelines in OSHC were developed. This study described the current physical activity and screen time scheduling in Australian OSHC, obtained sector feedback on the guidelines and compared current- with best-practice.
Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was administered to n=3551 Australian OSHC directors. Participants reported scheduling for physical activity and screen time opportunities in before- and after-school care. Feedback was sought on the new guidelines, including barriers and enablers for implementation. Scheduling data were used to evaluate whether services were currently meeting the new guidelines.
Results

566 directors participated. Physical activity and screen time practices varied widely (e.g. after-school physical activity opportunity ranged from 15 minutes to 150 minutes, mean 74, SD 28; after-school screen time opportunity ranged from 15 to 195 minutes, mean 89, SD 43), with state (p=0.002) and socioeconomic (p<0.001) differences. Most participants were supportive of the guideline’s recommended physical activity and screen time durations. Three in five OSHC services did not currently meet the guidelines.
Conclusions

Physical activity and screen time scheduling in OSHC is highly variable. Current practice in the majority of OSHC services does not meet best practice guidelines.
Two Fungal Flavonoid-specific Glucosidases/rutinosidases for Rutin Hydrolysis and Rutinoside Synthesis Under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Reaction Conditions
Authors: Kotik Michael , Javůrková Hana , Brodsky Katerina , Pelantová Helena
Published: October 2021

The glycosidases within GH5-23 cleave the glycosidic bond of β-glucosylated or rutinosylated flavonoids. Moreover, by virtue of their transglycosylation activity, glycoconjugates with glucosyl and rutinosyl moieties are accessible. Here we report the biochemical characterization and biotechnological assessment of two heterologously expressed members of GH5-23 – McGlc from Mucor circinelloides and PcGlc from Penicillium chrysogenum. Both enzymes exhibited the highest hydrolytic activities with quercetin-3-β-O-glucopyranoside, whereas lower specificity constants were determined with the rutinosides narcissin, rutin and hesperidin. High stabilities against thermal, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide-induced inactivation, a very limited secondary hydrolysis of the formed transglycosylation products, and no detectable product inhibition were additional features appropriate for biotechnological applications. The enzymes were compared in their efficiencies to hydrolyze rutin and to synthesize 2‑phenylethyl rutinoside under homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction conditions using high rutin concentrations of 100 and 300 mM. Highest transglycosylation efficiencies were achieved with fully dissolved rutin in reaction mixtures containing 25 % dimethyl sulfoxide. Molecular docking and multiple sequence alignments suggest that the hydrophobic environment of aromatic residues within the +1 subsite of GH5-23 glycosidases is very important for the binding of flavonoid glucosides and rutinosides.