bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Predictive of Orthopaedic In-training Examination Performance and Research Productivity Among Orthopaedic Residents
Authors: Kreitz Tyler , Verma Satyendra , Adan Alexei , Verma Kushagra
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Selection of qualified candidates for orthopaedic residency is necessary for growth and innovation. The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of Orthopaedic In-training Exam (OITE) performance and research productivity.

Methods:

A survey was distributed to 13 residency programs collecting demographics, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and OITE scores, and authored publications. Associations between preresidency qualifications and OITE scores and publications were determined.

Results:

A total of 274 of 294 surveys were returned (93.2%). We found a positive correlation between USMLE step 1 and 2 scores with recent OITE percentile (P < 0.001). Preresidency authorship (P < 0.001) and postgraduate training year (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of authorship during residency, whereas USMLE step 1 score was not (P = 0.094).

Conclusion:

Candidates who perform well on the USMLE are likely to perform well on the OITE, whereas those with greater authored publications are likely to continue research during residency.
Chronic Medial Epicondyle Avulsion: Technique of Fragment Excision and Ligament Reconstruction With Internal Brace Augmentation
Authors: Mirzayan Raffy , Cooper Joseph D.
Published: September 2018

Medial epicondyle fracture nonunions of the elbow may lead to symptomatic instability in the high-demand or overhead athlete. These injuries are challenging to treat surgically because of the small residual bony fragment, the scarred and shortened chronically injured ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), which prevents it from being mobilized and reduced to its native position. To date, most described methods aim at reducing the displaced fragment and achieving union with the humerus. This usually can only be accomplished by releasing of the scarred UCL to mobilize the fragment. The scarred and attenuated residual ligament is then repaired to restore stability but is often inadequate to sustain high-level valgus loads. We describe a technique of excision of the bony fragment and UCL reconstruction with allograft, augmented with internal brace to provide medial stability to the elbow. The described method allows proper tensioning of the graft and provides immediate and secure fixation.
The Spinal Structure and Lung Function Relationship in an Untreated Nonambulatory Myelomeningocele Group of Patients
Authors: Ramírez Norman , Valentín Pablo , Mayer Oscar H. , Redding Gregory J. , Rodríguez Francés , Vélez Axel , Jaume Francisco , Iriarte Iván , Olivella Gerardo
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The relationship between spinal structure and respiratory function has been coined as thoracic insufficiency syndrome and is defined as the inability of the thorax to support normal respiratory function or lung growth. Little is known about what supports this relationship in untreated nonambulatory myelomeningocele patients.

Methods:

A prospective cross-sectional study of nonambulatory myelodysplasia patients was performed. Anatomic, radiographic, and functional parameters were evaluated to validate the respiratory–spinal structure relationship. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with nonambulatory myelomeningocele fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Results:

The imaging study confirmed the spinal deformity. Lung functions measured in this patient population describe reduced lung volumes by CT lung volume reconstruction, reduced vital capacity by spirometry, and reduced total lung capacity by the nitrogen washout method. Together, these findings suggest moderate restrictive respiratory disease. The blood count study did not show evidence of anemia or other blood disturbances. Echocardiogram analysis did not show pulmonary hypertension in any patient.

Conclusion:

The data validate the relationship between spinal structure and lung function. However, there is no simple structural feature that could help to diagnose thoracic insufficiency syndrome. Thus, the diagnosis continues to be based on a combination of clinical findings and radiological and respiratory function evaluations.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Composite health behaviour classifier as the basis for targeted interventions and global comparisons in men’s health
Authors: Flannigan Ryan Kendrick , Oliffe John L. , McCreary Donald R. , Punjani Nahid , Kasabwala Khushabu , Black Nick , Rachert Joe , Goldenberg Larry S.
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Lifestyle-related diseases are the leading cause of death among North American men. We evaluated health behaviours and their predictors that contribute to morbidity and mortality among Canadian men as a means to making recommendations for targeted interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Canadian men drawn from 5362 visitors to our online survey page was conducted. The current study sample of 2000 men (inclusion: male and >18 years; exclusion: incomplete surveys) were stratified to the 2016 Canadian census. The primary outcome was the number of unhealthy men classified using our Canadian Composite Classification of Health Behaviour (CCCHB) score. Secondary outcomes included the number of men with unhealthy exercise, diet, smoking, sleep, and alcohol intake, as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with unhealthy behaviours to be used for targeting future interventions.

Results: Only 118/2000 (5.9%) men demonstrated 5/5 healthy behaviours, and 829 (41.5%) had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours; 391 (19.6%) men currently smoked, 773 (38.7%) demonstrated alcohol overuse, 1077 (53.9%) did not get optimal sleep (<7 or >9 hours per night), 977 (48.9%) failed to exercise >150 minutes/week, and 1235 (61.8%) had an unhealthy diet. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with high school education were at increased risk of unhealthy behaviours (odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.18; p=0.005), as were men living with relatives (OR 2.10; 95% CI1.04–4.26; p=0.039), or with their partner and children (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02–1.76; p=0.034).

Conclusions: An overwhelming 41.5% of Canadian men had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours, affirming the need for targeted lifestyle interventions. Significant health inequities within vulnerable subgroups of Canadian men were identified and may guide the content and delivery of future interventions.
Assessment of risk factors for surgical complications in neonatal circumcision clinic
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Koyle Martin A. , Chua Michael E. , Ming Jessica M. , Lee Min Joon , Kesavan Amre , Saunders Megan , Dos Santos Joana
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Despite the widespread use of circumcision, there is little understanding regarding risk factors associated with its complications. This investigation assesses potential risk factors contributing to complications of circumcision.
Methods: A retrospective review of all males who underwent a neonatal circumcision in our institution’s pediatric urology clinic between January 2015 and June 2017 was performed. Continuous variables were dichotomized to determine a clinically relevant cutoff value. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for primary outcomes (early/late complications) and secondary outcomes (emergency room [ER] visitation, return to operating room, post-circumcision communications).
Results: A total of 277 patients were identified. The mean age and weight were 28.4 days and 4.3 kg, respectively; 93.1% of cases were elective and 12.3% of patients had comorbidities. Circumcisions were performed using Mogen (61.4%) or Gomco clamps (39.6%) under local anesthesia. Overall, 35 patients experienced complications (12.6%). There were 18 patients (6.5%) with bleeding requiring sutures at time of circumcision. Twenty-six patients (9.4%) experienced long-term complications, with penile adhesions being the majority (84.6%). One (0.4%) of these patients had a Clavien-Dindo 3 complication requiring surgery for a skin bridge that could not be separated. One patient (0.4%) visited the ER due to postoperative bleeding from the circumcised area, which was managed conservatively. Multivariate regression analysis identified weight >5.1 kg as a risk factor for bleeding requiring sutures (odds ratio [OR] 4.145; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.246–13.799) and long-term complications (OR 3.738; 95% CI 1.356–10.306). No risk factors were identified for other outcomes (return to operating room, ER visitation, postcircumcision email/telephone communications).
Conclusions: This investigation of neonatal circumcision revealed that patients weighing >5.1 kg may be at higher risk of bleeding and long-term complications, such as adhesions.
Panel Analysis of Monetary Model of ASEAN-5 Exchange Rates
Authors: Tunggal Noor Zainab , Abd. Kadir Shariff Umar Shariff , Liew Venus-Khim Sen
Published: September 2018

In this study, we examined whether the exchange rates in ASEAN-5 countries are driven by monetary fundamentals. We applied the panel unit root tests and found that the United States denominated nominal exchange rates of Malaysian Ringgit, Indonesian Rupiah, Philippines Peso, Singapore Dollar, and Thailand Baht are all integrated of order one. Meanwhile, relative money supply and relative real income are also integrated in the same order. Nonetheless, the relative interest rate is integrated in order zero, and it implies the uncovered interest rate parity held in ASEAN-5. By using a panel cointegration test pioneered by Pedroni (2000, 2004), we found evidence that there is a long-run relationship between nominal exchange rate and its monetary fundamentals. Consistent with the monetary model of the exchange rate, relative money supply is positively related to nominal exchange rates, while relative real income is negatively related to nominal exchange rates. Therefore, this study reveals the importance of relative real money supply and relative income for the exchange rate market players to predict and monitor ASEAN-5 exchange rates.
De codificatie van gedragsnormen in het Nederlands rechtspersonenrecht: een gewenste ontwikkeling?
Authors: Thomae L. , Koster H.
Published: September 2018

De codificatie van gedragsnormen in het Nederlands rechtspersonenrecht: een gewenste ontwikkeling?

In deze bijdrage beantwoorden de auteurs de vraag of het wenselijk is om de (algemene) gedragsnormen die onder meer voortvloeien uit de jurisprudentie in Boek 2 BW te codificeren. Voor de beantwoording van deze vraag zullen onder meer de gedragsnormen uit de Companies Act 2006 aan de orde komen.
Bij bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid hoort geen klachtplicht
Authors: Huizink J.B.
Published: September 2018

Bij bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid hoort geen klachtplicht

In deze bijdrage over de klachtplicht wordt betoogd dat art. 6:89 BW niet van toepassing is op claims uit hoofde van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid. Op juridisch-dogmatische gronden zou daar voor art. 2:9 BW wellicht nog wel iets te zeggen zijn, maar voor art. 2:138 (248) en 6:162 BW in veel mindere mate, nu de uit deze bepalingen voortvloeiende verplichtingen niet kwalificeren als verbintenissen. Belangrijker is evenwel dat voor alle drie de vormen van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid toepasselijkheid van art. 6:89 BW – gelet op de ratio van de klachtplicht – niet aanvaardbaar en dus onwenselijk is.
Wettelijke bedenktijd en beschermingsconstructies, de wereld op zijn kop!
Authors: Oostwouder W.J. , Schrooten R.P.
Published: September 2018

Wettelijke bedenktijd en beschermingsconstructies, de wereld op zijn kop!

Het regeerakkoord van het huidige kabinet bevat het voornemen om ten aanzien van Nederlandse beursgenoteerde vennootschappen een wettelijke ‘bedenktijd’ in te voeren. Een beursgenoteerde vennootschap die op de algemene vergadering wordt geconfronteerd met voorstellen voor een fundamentele strategiewijziging zou een bedenktijd van maximaal 250 dagen moeten kunnen inroepen. Deze bijdrage formuleert een antwoord op de volgende twee vragen ten aanzien van de voorgenomen bedenktijd:

Is deze juridisch toelaatbaar tegen de achtergrond van de Aandeelhoudersrichtlijn en de overige Europese regelgeving?

Is deze praktisch wenselijk gezien de bij buitenlandse investeerders gewekte verwachtingen en de bestaande mogelijkheden tot bescherming van Nederlandse beursvennootschappen?
Grensoverschrijdende omzettingen
Authors: Koster H.
Published: September 2018

Grensoverschrijdende omzettingen. Polbud in perspectief

In dit artikel gaat de auteur in op het Polbud-arrest van 25 oktober 2017 over een verplaatsing van de statutaire zetel, waarin het HvJ EU een nadere invulling geeft aan de mogelijkheid van een grensoverschrijdende omzetting op basis van de vrijheid van vestiging van art. 49 en 54 VWEU. Dit artikel bevat een analyse over de betekenis van het Polbud-arrest, mede in het perspectief van het geldende recht met betrekking tot grensoverschrijdende omzettingen.
Overeenkomst en faillissement
Authors: Damsteegt-Molier F.
Published: September 2018

Overeenkomst en faillissement. Rien ne va plus?

Het arrest Credit Suisse/Jongepier q.q. gaat (onder meer) over de vraag hoe moet worden omgegaan met vorderingen die na de datum van het faillissement uit hoofde van een lopende overeenkomst ontstaan. In dit artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de achtergrond van het arrest en wordt bezien wat nu de stand van zaken is op het gebied van de overeenkomst in faillissement. Ook worden de praktische gevolgen van de beslissing van de Hoge Raad belicht. Geconcludeerd wordt dat het arrest een bevestiging is van eerdere rechtspraak op dit punt en dat daarmee de vraag rest of een wetswijziging noodzakelijk is.
Deutsches Erbrecht
Authors: Eule Wolfgang
Published: September 2018

Deutsches Erbrecht

Nachstehend werden im Teil 1 die Rechte des überlebenden Ehepartners bei gesetzlicher Erbfolge, der Ausschluss vom Ehegattenerbrecht beim Tod während eines rechtshängigen Scheidungsverfahrens und die passive Vererblichkeit eines Ehegattenunterhaltsanspruches dargestellt, im Teil 2 die ordentlichen Pflichtteilsrechte (Berechtigte, Quote) und die Pflichtteilsergänzungsansprüche wegen vom Erblasser zu Lebzeiten vorgenommener Schenklungen sowie die pflichtteilsähnlichen Ansprüche.

Im Teil 3 wird die Problematik behandelt, ob ein nach deutschem Erbrecht zulässig und wirksam abgeschlossener Erb- und Pflichtteilsverzichtsvertrag noch Wirkungen hat, wenn zum Zeitpunkt des Todes des Erblassers niederländisches Erbrecht gilt, weil dieses den lebzeitigen Verzichtsvertrag verbietet.
Die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten sowie das Pflichtteilsrecht in der polnischen Rechtsordnung
Authors: Bugajski Błażej
Published: September 2018

Die Stellung des überlebenden Ehegatten sowie das Pflichtteilsrecht in der polnischen Rechtsordnung

In Bezug auf den überlebenden Ehegatten des Erblassers hat der polnische Gesetzgeber einige besondere Regelungen geschafft, die sich auf die Verstärkung seiner Stellung richten. Die besondere und einmalige Rolle, die ein Ehegatte im Lebensbereich des anderen Ehegatten spielt, spricht eindeutig für die Bevorzugung des überlebenden Ehegatten auf den Todesfall des anderen Ehegatten.

In der polnischen Rechtsordnung kann der Pflichtteilsberechtigte die Herausgabe oder die Eigentumsübertragung von Sachen aus der Erbschaft nicht verlangen. Der Pflichtteilsanspruch ist lediglich ein Geldanspruch, der sich gegen die Erben richtet. Die Hauptgedanke der polnischen Regelung in Bezug auf das Pflichtteil ist positiv zu bewerten. Einerseits kann der Erblasser über den Nachlass auf den Todesfall frei zu verfügen. Andererseits wird indirekt die Sicherung des Interesses von nahestehenden Personen durch den Geldanspruch auf Zahlung des Pflichtteils garantiert. Die Höhe des Pflichtteilanspruchs ist dabei als ein Kompromiss zwischen dem Erblasserwillen und den Bedürfnissen der nahestehenden Personen des Erblassers zu betrachten.
International Migration and Human Security and Development in Mongolia
Authors: Akaha Tsuneo
Published: September 2018

No abstract in English
La intuición informática: estado actual en la carrera de Ingeniería Informática de la Universidad de Matanzas
Authors: Hernández Walfredo González
Published: September 2018

La intuición es uno de los procesos claves en el desarrollo de la creatividad y la informática no está exenta de ella y diversas corrientes psicológicas han estudiado este proceso desde diferentes ángulos. En este artículo se hará el análisis desde las tres más actuales: cognitivismo, humanismo y el enfoque histórico-cultural. En el artículo se realiza un análisis de las diferentes definiciones acerca de la creatividad en la literatura actual para llegar a una definición teniendo en cuenta la teoría de la subjetividad, que es parte del enfoque histórico cultural. Posteriormente se aborda la actividad informática y se define el concepto de intuición en ella, declarando sus dimensiones e indicadores sobre la base del enfoque teórico asumido. Se aplican observaciones directas, encuestas a los estudiantes y una observación a clases para detectar la situación en la cual se encuentra la intuición en la carrera de Ingeniería Informática. Por último, se realiza una triangulación de los datos obtenidos para contrastar los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes métodos aplicados y permiten establecer regularidades en cuanto a la intuición en la informática.
Marxismo contra positivismo, de Michael Löwy
Authors: Legramandi Aline Belle
Published: September 2018

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Educação: cidadania, projetos e valores, de Nílson José Machado
Authors: Bernardes Ângela De Carvalho
Published: September 2018

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Electroslag refining with liquid metal
for composite rotor manufacturing
Authors: Medovar L. , Polishko G. , Stovpchenko G. , Kostin V. , Tunik A. , Sybir A.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To develop novel ESR based process for composite ingot with shallow transition
zone between layers in order to produce efficient heavy-weight rotors for steam turbines.
Design/methodology/approach: The nowadays heavy-weight rotors for steam turbines
for power plants are monoblock or two or more layer in length composite part facilitating
operation in different zones withstanding various loads and working medium. However, the
joining of various steel in composite rotors by welding has low productivity. The ESR now
is recognised as the best available technology for the big-diameter and mass forgings for
power generating machines, including rotor ones. The ESR affords the most favourable
conditions of solidification resulting in homogenous low-segregation ingot with smooth
surface and high-quality structure. The step ahead is the ESR for composite.
Findings: The two-layer model ingot had produced from steel grades 12Cr13 and
35NiCrMoV12-5 were manufactured using the electroslag process with the liquid metal
(ESR LM) in the CSM of 180 mm in diameter with ingot withdrawing. The transition zone in
two-layer ingot had have the shallow shape and low depth with the even macrostructure
without defects of the same type as both joined steels. The metal of the transition zone fully
satisfies standard requirements for properties of both steel grades in the heat treated and
as-cast conditions.
Research limitations/implications: The ESR LM can provide both the monobloc heavy
ingots with uniform structure and composites with low-stress connection between metal
layers for heavyweight rotors and other critical products manufacturing.
The role of mechanical, chemical and
physical bonds in metal-ceramic bond
strength
Authors: Czepułkowska W. , Wołowiec-Korecka E. , Klimek L.
Published: September 2018

Purpose: A review regarding the mechanisms of metal-ceramic join is presented.
Design/methodology/approach: The impact of the air-abrasion parameters on the
mechanical bond strength of the ceramic crowns was discussed. The presence of opaque
on the chemical bond was analysed. Research of the influence of the difference in the
coefficient of thermal expansion values on the metal-ceramic bond was included. The
methods of testing the bond strength were analysed.
Findings: The metal substructure-dental ceramic bond strength is affected by all types
of bond. In bond strength, 3-point bending test and shear test are mainly used. Created
samples simulate the ceramic crowns veneered on one side. The role of physical bond on
ceramic crowns veneered around metal substructure is unknown.
Research limitations/implications: The prosthetic restorations with the ceramic
surrounding whole the metal substructure are commonly used. The impact of shrinkage in
the cylindrical deposition of the ceramic on metal substructure should be analysed.
Practical implications: Numerical analysis and FEM simulation can be helpful in
the analysis of the physical bond between the metal substructure and the dental ceramic
around it.
Originality/value: The impact of the type of the bond to metal-ceramic bond strength is
presented, taking into account the cognitive gap in the influence of the coefficient of thermal
expansion on the cylindrical placement of ceramic on the substructure.
Characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of Suhpalacsa longialata (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Gao Xin-Yan , Cai Yin-Yin , Yu Dan-Na , Storey Kenneth B. , Zhang Jia-Yong
Published: September 2018

The owlflies (Family Ascalaphidae) belong to the Neuroptera but are often mistaken as dragonflies because of morphological characters. To date, only three mitochondrial genomes of Ascalaphidae, namely Libelloides macaronius; Ascaloptynx appendiculatus; Ascalohybris subjacens, are published in GenBank, meaning that they are greatly under-represented in comparison with the 430 described species reported in this family. In this study, we sequenced and described the complete mitochondrial genome of Suhpalacsalongialata (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae). The total length of the S.longialata mitogenome was 15,911 bp, which is the longest known to date among the available family members of Ascalaphidae. However, the size of each gene was similar to the other three Ascalaphidae species. The S. longialata mitogenome included a transposition of tRNACys and tRNATrp genes and formed an unusual gene arrangement tRNACys-tRNATrp-tRNATyr(CWY). It is likely that the transposition occurred by a duplication of both genes followed by random loss of partial duplicated genes. The nucleotide composition of the S.longialata mitogenome was as follows: A=41.0%, T=33.8%, C=15.5%, G=9.7%. Both BI and ML analyse strongly supported S. longialata as a sister clade to (Ascalohybris subjacens + L. macaronius), and indicated that Ascalaphidae is not monophyletic.
Kinetic mechanism of coupled binding in sodium-aspartate symporter GltPh
Authors: Oh SeCheol , Boudker Olga
Published: September 2018

Many secondary active membrane transporters pump substrates against concentration gradients by coupling their uptake to symport of sodium ions. Symport requires the substrate and ions to be always transported together. Cooperative binding of the solutes is a key mechanism contributing to coupled transport in the sodium and aspartate symporter from Pyrococcus horikoshii GltPh. Here, we describe the kinetic mechanism of coupled binding for GltPh in the inward facing state. The first of the three coupled sodium ions, binds weakly and slowly, enabling the protein to accept the rest of the ions and the substrate. The last ion binds tightly, but is in rapid equilibrium with solution. Its release is required for the complex disassembly. Thus, the first ion serves to ‘open the door’ for the substrate, the last ion ‘locks the door’ once the substrate is in, and one ion contributes to both events.
Human dimensions of wildfires in NW Spain: causes, value of the burned vegetation and administrative measures
Authors: Calviño-Cancela María , Cañizo-Novelle Nuria
Published: September 2018

Exploring the human dimensions of forest fires is a crucial, although often overlooked, aspect of wildfire research, since wildfires often have important socio-economic impacts and humans are nowadays the main cause of wildfires in many areas of the world. We carried out a telephone survey (N = 345 interviews) in one of the most fire-prone areas in Europe (NW Spain) in order to assess citizens’ awareness about wildfire causes and risks, their perception of the value of the vegetation and of administrative measures to fight against fires. Perceptions of respondents about fire causes were in general realistic although fires caused by pyromaniacs and for profit were overestimated, while vegetation management was comparatively underestimated. Citizens were broadly aware of the fire risk associated with different vegetation types, rightly considering native oak forests and agricultural fields as less risky than shrublands and pine and eucalypt plantations. Tree-dominated vegetation was more valued than treeless formations, and native forests more than tree plantations, which seems related to a preference for ecological value over utilitarian considerations. In addition, the value of eucalypt plantations was clearly affected by the education level of respondents, being less valued as the education level increased. Most citizens considered that the administration was not doing enough to fight against fires. The law that compels landowners to reduce fuels in wildland-urban interfaces was considered effective by most respondents (72%), but 50% considered it difficult to implement by landowners. This may explain the poor degree of compliance of this law.
Population history of deep-sea vent and seepProvannasnails (Mollusca: Abyssochrysoidea) in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Ogura Tomomi , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Chen Chong , Sasaki Takenori , Kojima Shigeaki , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro , Fujikura Katsunori
Published: September 2018

Background

Gastropods of the genusProvannaare abundant and widely distributed in deep-sea chemosynthetic environments with seven extant species described in the northwestern Pacific.

Methods

We investigated the population history and connectivity of fiveProvannaspecies in the northwestern Pacific through population genetic analyses using partial sequences of the cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene.

Results

We found thatP. subglabra, the most abundant and genetically diverse species, is genetically segregated by depth. Among the five species, the three comparatively shallower species (P. lucida, P. kuroshimensis, P. glabra) had a more constant demographic history compared to the deeper species (P. subglabra,P.  clathrata).

Discussion

Environmental differences, especially depth, appears to have a role in the segregation ofProvannasnails. The population ofP. clathratain the Irabu Knoll appears to have expanded afterP. subglabrapopulation. The remaining three species,P. lucida,P. kuroshimensis, andP. glabra, are only known from a single site each, all of which were shallower than 1,000 m. These data indicate thatProvannagastropods are vertically segregated, and that their population characteristics likely depend on hydrothermal activities.
Acute fluoxetine differently affects aggressive display in zebrafish phenotypes
Authors: Barbosa Hellen P. , Lima‐Maximino Monica G. , Maximino Caio
Published: September 2018

Zebrafish have been introduced as a model organism in behavioral neuroscience and biological psychiatry, increasing the breadth of findings using fish to study the neurobiology of aggression. Phenotypic differences between leopard and longfin zebrafish were exploited in order to elucidate the role of phasic serotonin in aggressive displays on this species. The present study, revealed differences in aggressive display between leopard and longfin zebrafish, and a discrepant effect of acute fluoxetine in both populations. In mirror‐induced aggression, leopard animals showed higher display latencies than longfin, as well as lower display duration and frequency (Experiment 1). Moreover, 2.5 mg/kg fluoxetine decreased the duration and frequency of display in longfin, but not leopard; and 5 mg/kg fluoxetine increased display frequency in leopard, but not longfin (Experiment 2). It is suggested that zebrafish from the longfin phenotype show more aggressive motivation and readiness in the mirror‐induced aggression test than leopard, and that acute fluoxetine increases aggression in leopard and decreased it in longfin zebrafish.
A Polysulfide‐Immobilizing Polymer Retards the Shuttling of Polysulfide Intermediates in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tu Shuibin , Chen Xiang , Zhao Xinxin , Cheng Mingren , Xiong Peixun , He Yongwu , Zhang Qiang , Xu Yunhua
Published: September 2018

Lithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is seriously impeded by the notorious shuttling of soluble polysulfide intermediates, inducing a low utilization of active materials, severe self‐discharge, and thus a poor cycling life, which is particularly severe in high‐sulfur‐loading cathodes. Herein, a polysulfide‐immobilizing polymer is reported to address the shuttling issues. A natural polymer of Gum Arabic (GA) with precise oxygen‐containing functional groups that can induce a strong binding interaction toward lithium polysulfides is deposited onto a conductive support of a carbon nanofiber (CNF) film as a polysulfide shielding interlayer. The as‐obtained CNF–GA composite interlayer can achieve an outstanding performance of a high specific capacity of 880 mA h g−1 and a maintained specific capacity of 827 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles under a sulfur loading of 1.1 mg cm−2. More importantly, high reversible areal capacities of 4.77 and 10.8 mA h cm−2 can be obtained at high sulfur loadings of 6 and even 12 mg cm−2, respectively. The results offer a facile and promising approach to develop viable lithium–sulfur batteries with high sulfur loading and high reversible capacities.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael/Acyl Transfer Reaction Between α‐Nitroketones and in situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides: Route to 2‐(1‐Arylethyl)phenols
Authors: Gharui Chandan , Behera Debasmita , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: September 2018

An organocatalytic asymmetric domino Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α‐nitroketones and o‐quinone methides is disclosed. o‐Quinone methides are generated in situ from 2‐sulfonylmethylphenols in basic medium. With 10 mol% of bifunctional squaramide catalyst, high yields and excellent enantioselectivities are achieved for a variety of O‐acyl 2‐(1‐arylethyl)phenols under mild reaction condition.

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Manganese‐Catalyzed Sequential Annulation between Indoles and 1, 6‐Diynes
Authors: Yi Xiaofei , Chen Kai , Chen Wanzhi
Published: September 2018

Manganese‐catalyzed selective annulation reaction between indoles and 1,6‐diynes is described. Various carbazole derivatives were isolated in moderate to good yields. The formation of the fused ring compounds involves the construction of three C−C bonds in one‐pot through manganese‐catalyzed C−H bond activation, alkyne insertion, and oxidative dehydrogenation.

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The effect of steroid treatment on weight in nonambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lamb Molly M. , Cai Bo , Royer Julie , Pandya Shree , Soim Aida , Valdez Rodolfo , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , James Katherine , Whitehead Nedra , Peay Holly , Venkatesh Swamy Y. , Matthews Dennis ,   The Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Research, and Tracking Network (MD STARnet)
Published: September 2018

To describe the long‐term effect of steroid treatment on weight in nonambulatory males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), we identified 392 males age 7–29 years with 4,512 weights collected after ambulation loss (176 steroid‐naïve and 216 treated with steroids ≥6 months) from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet). Comparisons were made between the weight growth curves for steroid‐naïve males with DMD, steroid‐treated males with DMD, and the US pediatric male population. Using linear mixed‐effects models adjusted for race/ethnicity and birth year, we evaluated the association between weight‐for‐age and steroid treatment characteristics (age at initiation, dosing interval, cumulative duration, cumulative dose, type). The weight growth curves for steroid‐naïve and steroid‐treated nonambulatory males with DMD were wider than the US pediatric male growth curves. Mean weight‐for‐age z scores were lower in both steroid‐naïve (mean = −1.3) and steroid‐treated (mean = −0.02) nonambulatory males with DMD, compared to the US pediatric male population. Longer treatment duration and greater cumulative dose were significantly associated with lower mean weight‐for‐age z scores. Providers should consider the effect of steroid treatment on weight when making postambulation treatment decisions for males with DMD.
Disease progression and outcome measures in spinobulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Dahlqvist Julia R. , Fornander Freja , de Stricker Borch Josefine , Oestergaard Sofie T. , Poulsen Nanna S. , Vissing John
Published: September 2018

Objective

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a slowly progressive disease with weakness of bulbar and extremity muscles. There is no curative treatment for the disease, but several clinical trials have been conducted over the past years. The results from these trials have uncovered a great need to develop quantitative, reliable outcome measures. In this study, we prospectively investigated disease progression over 18 months in 29 patients with genetically confirmed SBMA, using quantitative outcome measures, including Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

We used MRI to assess changes in muscle fat content and stationary dynamometry to assess changes in muscle strength. Disease progression was also investigated with the SBMA functional rating scale, bulbar rating scale, 6‐minute walk test, and blood samples, among others.

Results

Mean muscle fat content, muscle strength in knee extensors, handgrip strength, walking distance, and creatinine levels changed significantly. Mean muscle fat content increased by 2 ± 1.25%, and knee extension strength decreased from 83 ± 60 to 76 ± 56Nm, handgrip strength from 31 ± 13 to 29 ± 13kg, walking distance from 362 ± 216 to 336 ± 219m, and creatinine level from 58 ± 21 to 54 ± 20 μmol/l. Functional rating scores did not change.

Interpretation

The present study demonstrates a slow and steady disease progression in SBMA. Dixon MRI detected increases in muscle fat content in all investigated muscles and is therefore a suitable candidate for an outcome measure in natural history or treatment studies in SBMA. The 6‐minute walk test and handgrip strength also seem to be reliable outcome measures for SBMA. Ann Neurol 2018;84:762–773
Diastereoselective Aza‐Mislow–Evans Rearrangement of N‐Acyl tert‐Butanesulfinamides into α‐Sulfenyloxy Carboxamides
Authors: Tang Fan , Yao Yun , Xu Yan‐Jun , Lu Chong‐Dao
Published: September 2018

A diastereoselective [2,3] rearrangement of O‐silyl N‐sulfinyl N,O‐ketene acetals derived from chiral N‐acyl tert‐butanesulfinamides was developed, giving α‐sulfenyloxy carboxamides with excellent enantioselectivity. Enolization and subsequent silylation of N‐acyl tert‐butanesulfinamides initiate this aza variant of the Mislow–Evans rearrangement, in which the chirality at the sulfur atom in the rearrangement precursors is faithfully transferred to the α‐carbon stereocenter of the products. The Ellman sulfinamide, often used as a chiral ammonia equivalent, can serve in this rearrangement as a chiral precursor for the asymmetric synthesis of α‐oxygen‐functionalized carboxamides.
NBN‐Doped Conjugated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as an AIEgen Class for Extremely Sensitive Detection of Explosives
Authors: Wan Wen‐Ming , Tian Di , Jing Ya‐Nan , Zhang Xiao‐Yun , Wu Wei , Ren Hao , Bao Hong‐Li
Published: September 2018

A simple and efficient synthesis of NBN‐doped conjugated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as diazaborinines) has been accomplished by a catalyst‐free intermolecular dehydration reaction at room temperature between boronic acid and diamine moieties with yields up to 99 %. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a six‐membered NBN ring are a new class of aggregation‐induced emissive luminogens. Extremely sensitive detection of ppb levels of TNT by phenyl naphthodiazaborinine is straightforward. Visual detection of TNT is illustrated by fabrication of TNT test strips, which can detect as little as 100 ng of TNT powder. This simple and sensitive detection of TNT has potential applications in the area of public safety and security against terrorist activities.
Using Electronic Tools and Resources to Meet the Challenges of Anatomy Education in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gbolahan Balogun Wasiu
Published: September 2018

Anatomy education forms the foundation of a successful medical education. This has necessitated the development of innovative ideas to meet up with current realities. Despite these innovative ideas, there are challenges facing anatomy education, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Problems such as inadequate teaching experts and outdated curricula have made anatomy education in sub‐Saharan Africa uninviting and disinteresting. Several interventions have been suggested, such as the procurement of teaching tools and upgrading of teaching infrastructure. However, in this age of information technology; anatomy education, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa could benefit from the integration of electronic tools and resources. This article explores the electronic tools and resources such as three‐dimensional printing, educational games, and short videos that are readily available for the teaching of anatomy in sub‐Saharan Africa. The author concludes by discussing how these electronic tools and resources can be used to address many of the challenges facing anatomy education in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Theoretical Investigation of Hydride Insertion into N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Containing N, P, C, O and S Heteroatoms
Authors: Al Furaiji Khalidah H. M. , Iversen Kalon J. , Dutton Jason L. , Wilson David J. D.
Published: September 2018

The endocyclic ring expansion of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) rings containing one N atom and one P, N, C, O or S heteroatom has been investigated in a computational study. Ring expansion was determined to follow a common pathway, leading to a final expanded six‐membered ring that was predicted to be thermodynamically stable for all heterocycles. However, reactivity is driven by kinetics with ring‐expansion reactivity not expected for the P/NHC and C/NHC (cAAC) containing heterocycles due to large barriers for ring‐expansion. In contrast, ring expansion is predicted to be feasible for N‐heterocyclic carbenes containing an O (O/NHC) or S (S/NHC) heteroatom, with insertion into the O−C and S−C bond favoured over insertion into the N−C bond, respectively.
Gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Syowa, Antarctica and its connection with meteorological fields
Authors: Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Sugawara Satoshi , Inai Yoichi , Morimoto Shinji , Honda Hideyuki , Ikeda Chusaku , Hashida Gen , Machida Toshinobu , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Toyoda Sakae , Goto Daisuke , Aoki Shuji , Nakazawa Takakiyo
Published: September 2018

To examine gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Antarctica in austral summer, we collected air samples from altitudes of 10 to 30 km over Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) using balloon‐borne cryogenic samplers for the period 1998–2013, and then analyzed them for δ15N of N2, δ18O of O2, δ(Ar/N2) and δ40Ar. The normalized mass ratio “δ,” calculated using their measured values, decreases with increasing altitude, implying an upward enhancement of the gravitational separation effect. The observed stratospheric δ profiles are generally well reproduced by a two‐dimensional atmospheric model, but the model tends to underestimate the observed δ values in the middle stratosphere above 26 km. We also observe interannual variation in the δ vertical profile in the middle stratosphere. A backward trajectory analysis suggests that this variation is attributable to different horizontal mixing of the stratospheric air over Antarctica from year to year.
Development and validation of the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS)
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Highhouse Scott , Nye Christopher D.
Published: September 2018

Despite the widespread interest in understanding and identifying risk takers by psychologists, clinicians, and economists, the risk literature currently lacks consensus regarding the nature of risk taking and its measurement. Existing measures of risk taking are predominantly domain‐specific despite emerging support for risk taking as a domain‐general disposition. In the present paper, we examine the nature of risk taking as a domain‐general personality disposition and develop a concise measure: the General Risk Propensity Scale (GRiPS). Data from 1,523 participants across five studies provided evidence for its construct validity. The GRiPS converged with other self‐report measures of risk taking and provided incremental prediction of work, academic, and life outcomes over and above the five‐factor model of personality and the Domain‐Specific Risk Taking Scale.
Tissue distribution profiles of multiple major bioactive components in rats after intravenous administration of Xuebijing injection by UHPLC–Q–Orbitrap HRMS
Authors: Zuo Lihua , Sun Zhi , Wang Zhenhui , Ding Daling , Xu Tanye , Liu Liwei , Gao Li , Du Shuzhang , Kang Jian , Zhang Xiaojian
Published: September 2018

Xuebijing injection (XBJI) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription extracted from five Chinese herbs. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, oxypaeoniflorin, ferulic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin are the main bioactive ingredients of XBJI. This paper presents an application of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q–exactive hybrid quadrupole–Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q–Orbitrap HRMS) to quantify four compounds of XBJI in rats various tissues for tissue distribution studies. The analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UHPLC® BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass spectrometric detection was performed by parallel reaction monitoring via a heated electrospray ionization source under the negative ionization mode. The method was validated in various tissue samples, and has demonstrated great performance for rapidity, accuracy, high sensitivity and selectivity. It was successfully applied to the tissue distribution studies of XBJI after intravenous administration to rats. It was also the first study to investigate the tissue distribution of XBJI in rats and we found that the concentrations of four compounds were high in kidney, liver, stomach and intestine. The clinical use of XBJI should focus on its pharmacodynamics and safety studies in these tissues.
Urinary metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on LPS‐induced inflammation rats
Authors: Hua Yong‐li , Ma Qi , Zhang Xiao‐song , Yao Wan‐ling , Ji Peng , Hu Jun‐jie , Wei Yan‐ming
Published: September 2018

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation occurs commonly and volatile oil from Angelica sinensis (VOAS) can be used as an anti‐inflammatory agent. The molecular mechanisms that allow the anti‐inflammatory factors to be expressed are still unknown. In this paper, we applied gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q/TOF–MS) based on a metabolomics platform coupled with a network approach to analyze urine samples in three groups of rats: one with LPS‐induced inflammation (MI); one with intervention with VOAS; and normal controls (NC). Our study found definite metabolic footprints of inflammation and showed that all three groups of rats, MI, intervention with VOAS and NC have distinct metabolic profiles in urine. The concentrations of 48 metabolites differed significantly among the three groups. The metabolites in urine were screened by the GC–MS and LC‐Q/TOF–MS methods. The significantly changed metabolites (p < 0.05, variable importance in projection > 1.5) between MI, NC and VOAS were included in the metabolic networks. Finally, hub metabolites were screened, including glycine, arachidonic acid, l‐glutamate, pyruvate and succinate, which have high values of degree (k). the Results suggest that disorders of glycine, arachidonic acid, l‐glutamate, pyruvate and succinate metabolism might play an important part in the predisposition and development of LPS‐induced inflammation. By applying metabolomics with network methods, the mechanisms of diseases are clearly elucidated.
Epicuticular Waxes Provide Insights into Phytochemical Differentiation of Natural Populations ofPinus mugoTurrasensu stricto
Authors: Mitić Zorica S. , Nikolić Jelena S. , Zlatković Bojan K. , Milanovici Sretco J. , Jovanović Snežana Č. , Nikolić Biljana M. , Stojanović Gordana S. , Marin Petar D.
Published: September 2018

Phytochemical diversity and differentiation of nine native populations ofPinus mugosensu stricto from Julian Alps, Southern Carpathians and Balkan Peninsula were analyzed in regard to their epicuticular wax compounds. GC/MS and GC‐FID analyses of the hexane extracts of needle samples, collected from 118 individuals ofP. mugo, revealed the presence of six diterpenes, three primary alcohols and 10n‐alkanes ranging from C19to C29(exceptn‐alkane C21). According to simple linear regression, the contents of epicuticular wax compounds showed generally weak correlations with tested bioclimatic, orographic and geographic parameters, leading to assumption about their genetic conditioning. The multivariate statistical analyses suggested the existence of two chemical entities: the Alpine and the South Carpathian, while the Balkan populations appeared heterogeneous as three of them belonged to the Alpine and one to the South Carpathian group. The obtained results are largely consistent to those previously published in reference to morpho‐anatomical and molecular characters ofP. mugo, supporting the hypothesis of colonization of Balkan Peninsula from two different glacial refugia: from the Alps (across the Dinarides) and from the Southern Carpathians. Extending this study to the entire range ofP. mugocomplex should provide a clearer picture of its phytochemical diversity and differentiation.
Reaction Pathways in Acrolein Oxidation over a Mixed‐Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Miller Jacob H. , Bhan Aditya
Published: September 2018

A reaction network detailing the mechanistic origins of 17 C1−C7 byproducts in acrolein oxidation over a vanadium molybdate mixed oxide catalyst doped with antimony and copper is proposed based on measurements of acrolein oxidation rates with co‐feeds of C1−C7 organics formed as byproducts, acrylic acid 13C isotopic tracer experiments, and probe molecule reactions. C1 and C2 products form via C−C bond scission of either the single or double C−C bond in acrolein and acrylic acid. C4−C7 products form by addition of one or two acrolein or acrylic acid molecules to a C2 surface species coupled with decarbonylation or decarboxylation events. Two‐carbon ethyl and vinyl surface species and three‐carbon acrolein‐derived surface species are involved in all pathways that lead to byproduct formation; controlling the relative abundance and reactivity of such intermediates is integral to prescribing process conditions and material compositions for selective oxidation of acrolein.