bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Different Percentage of Urea as Foliar Fertilizer on Growth and Development of Rice (Rabi dhan1)
Authors: Monira Serajam , Mohamud Mohamed Ahmed , Shifa Mahadia Faiza , Biswas Bitopi , Hoque Md Aminul
Published: August 2023

Nitrogen can dramatically stimulate plant productivity as well as yield potential of intensified agriculture system. The unavailability of Nitrogen fertilizer specially urea during critical period (sowing season, drought, flood.) hamper the rice production. It is noticed in literature that the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer increased if it is applied in plants through foliage along with soil application. Present research work was planned to evaluate this theme so that the loss of yield due to unavailability of urea can be reduced by foliar application at various growth stages of rice. A research work was conducted to examine the “Performance of different percentage of urea as foliar fertilizer on growth and development of rice (Rabi dhan 1).” at the Agronomy and Agricultural extension Department Field, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh from December 2022-May 2023. Rabi Dhan-1 rice variety with six different percentage of urea as foliar application were used for this experiment. 1. T1= N0% Control, 2. T2= 65% of recommended dose (N 50% as SA + 15% as FA), 3. T3= 70% of recommended dose (N50% as SA + 20% as FA), 4. T4= 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA + 25 % as FA), 5. T5= 80% of recommended dose (N60% as SA + 20% as FA) , 6. T6= N100% Soil application (Traditional practice). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The significant effect of liquid fertilizer was found on almost all the parameters under studied. All the phenological and growth parameters showed the highest performance in T4 = 75% of recommended dose (N50 % as SA+ 25 % as FA) and lowest in T1= N0% Control. The result showed that the phenological characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1 was highest inT4 while the lowest was in T1. Plant height was increased with the increase of the age of plants. Chlorophyll content increased slowly at the early stage of crop growth and later declined. All the yield contributing characters like plant height, total number of tiller hill-1, effective tiller hill-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grain panicle-1, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were varied significantly due to different doses of fertilizer application.
A Study on Issues Associated with WSN Localization
Authors: Harshita Harshita , Deswal Suman
Published: August 2023

Sensor network is critical real time network defined with restricted available resources. The effective utilization of these resources is required to achieve the optimized communication and life improvement. Localization is one such method to change the architectural consideration of sensor network so that the communication optimization as well as network life improvement will be done. But this kind of localization suffers from various challenges including the node level, network level and environment level. In this paper, some of the associated network issues are presented and discussed.
Comparative Analysis of using SIK for Message Cryptography
Authors: Alqadi Ziad
Published: August 2023

The process of selecting the private key, which is used in the process of generating the secret key to encrypt messages, is one of the most important processes used in the encryption process, which determines the efficiency of the method used in terms of security and speed of implementation, because part of the encryption time is consumed in generating the secret key. In this paper research we will introduce two methods of using private keys to generate a secret index key, the first key will be used a chaotic logistic map model to generate a chaotic key, the chaotic key will be converted to secret index key. The second way is using a color image as an image_key, an array will be extracted from this image, and the array will be converted to secret index key. A simple procedure of message encryption-decryption will be used, this procedure is based on the secret index key, this key will be used to rearrange the message characters’ binary bits. The two approaches of generating secret index key will be implemented using various messages, the obtained results will be analyzed, and the results of analysis will be used to raise some recommendations regarding the message length, security, quality and the speed of message cryptography.
Influence of Perceived Organizational Politics in Promotion Process on Lecturers’ Job Performance at Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of The University of Nairobi
Authors: Kebenei Pauline , Okoth Ursulla , Khatete Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

University education has remained a single higher institution that countries rely on for the preparation and skill development reservoir of highly skilled labour force that is much needed to spur economic development through research, teaching and innovation. Universities therefore across the world act as bases of knowledge and hubs for research, information, and expertise productions in all the fields. This requires the performance of qualified and committed academic staff actualize this role. However, the performance of this significant cadre at public universities for instance, is affected by many other factors including organizational politics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of perceived organizational politics in promotion process on lecturers’ job performance at public universities in Kenya, a case of the University of Nairobi. The study was guided by two objectives: to examine the influence of nepotism in the process of lecturers’ promotion and to determine the influence of perceived ethnicity on lecturers’ job performance at the University of Nairobi. Sampling techniques used to sample 11 deans of faculties, 19 chairs of the departments and 100 lecturers and 100 post graduate students were purposive and stratified proportionate sampling and simple random sampling techniques. The main instruments utilized to gather data from respondents for this study were interview guide, open and closed-ended questionnaire, document analysis and focus group discussion. The data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study established that although there were equal promotion opportunities for both men and female academic staff, the promotion process of the academic staff was perceived to be unfair because it lacked transparency and that patronage and ethnic politics existed. This was perceived to have negative influence on performance. The study concluded that perception of organizational politics in promotion process had negative influence on lecturers’ job performance at public universities in Kenya. The study recommends that higher education institutions should ensure fairness and transparency in the promotion process of staff in order to enhance effective lecturers’ performance. It is also recommended that a similar study should be carried out in private universities with different management systems to compare the findings since this study focused on public universities.
Land and Governance: Exploring the Factors Behind Tubaran’s Political Division
Authors: Caiber Aisah M. , Yusoph Raihan A. , Odoy Ardin J.
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on the historical overview and factors of the political division of Tubaran and Marogong, two municipalities in Lanao del Sur, Philippines. It provides a detailed historical overview of the origins and development of Tubaran and Marogong, highlighting the significance of the Royal Houses of Tubaran and Boribid. The main objective of the research is to uncover the reasons behind the political division between Tubaran and Marogong, with specific attention given to Tubaran’s vast land area. The study explores how the large size of Tubaran posed administrative challenges, leading to the decision to establish two independent municipalities. The study also investigates the process of creating Tubaran and Marogong as separate entities, examining the events and factors that shaped their distinctive governance structures. It analyzes the considerations that influenced the establishment of these independent municipalities. Additionally, the research explores the effects of Tubaran and Marogong becoming independent municipalities, with a particular focus on the political and economic implications. It examines how the division influenced the political landscape, governance practices, and economic changes within each municipality, impacting the local population. To gather insights into the historical events and socio-political dynamics related to Tubaran’s political division, the study employs oral history as a valuable research methodology. By conducting interviews with individuals who possess firsthand knowledge, the research captures personal narratives and perspectives that complement existing historical records, enhancing the study’s depth and richness.
Correlation between Drivers of Belligerent Fulani Herders’ Criminality and the Probability of Dying in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Kasa Adamu G. , Umaru Abbah , Bello Talatu Buba
Published: August 2023

This paper examined the probability of dying by the crimes of belligerent Fulani herders in Plateau State, Nigeria. The study adopted the Rational Choice theoretical framework of analysis. The study was conducted in Plateau State, Nigeria, with a 400-person sample size, and data were collected using a survey method. The findings revealed a correlation between the factors that led belligerent Fulani herders in Plateau State to conduct crimes and differences in the likelihood of dying due to those factors. This article recommended: the deradicalization of primordial religious ideologies, the return of displaced people, and the revision of grazing reserve law.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among University Students in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Mahmud Sharifa Sadia , Robin Tunung , Sarbini Shahrul Razid
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome has become a worry for health of youth in Malaysia. This study aimed to look at the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and to assess the risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Malaysian university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 students aged 18-30 years using a random sampling method from two universities in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Data on sociodemographic, dietary habits and lifestyle were collected by a pre-tested self-reported questionnaire. Biochemical measurements, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were measured by standard procedures. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to Harmonized Joint Interim Statement criteria. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 23.0 version. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.5% and was more prevalent in male (17.5%). Indian (15.8%) was the most prevalent ethnic group, while Chinese (4.9%) had the least prevalence. 31.5% respondents had at least one metabolic component. Low HDL (42.7%) and large waist circumference (26.2%) were the most common components. Statistically significant (p<0.05) independent factors for developing metabolic syndrome were male, staying time more than six hours on computer/TV/mobile phone, in smokers, taking meals more than three times per day, and high consumption of soft drinks. Besides that, with high consumption of vegetables, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly low (p<0.05). Conclusion: These study findings elicit the evidence of increasing tendency and warning on metabolic syndrome for Malaysian university students, and considerable association of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome to dietary habits and lifestyle.
Identification of Planned Stroke Awareness Behavior: A Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Ambarika Rahmania , Mohamed Said Mohamed Saifulaman , Umar Nur Syazana , Adiutama Novian Mahayu , Poddar Sandeep
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases, often causing death or gross physical impairment or disability. The associated risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, and smoking should serve as warnings. However, most people are still not aware of these risks. The main aim of this study is to identify stroke awareness behavior using the construct variable from the Theory of Planned Behavior as the predictor (attitude factor, subjective norm factor, perceived behavioral factor, and intention to perform behavior). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 256 people who have a high risk of stroke at the Poncokusumo Health Center, Malang, Indonesia. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The authors used all the construct variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior. The stroke awareness behavior was measured using a questionnaire developed from the National Stroke Awareness Guide, while the attitude factor, subjective norm factor, perceived behavioral factor, and intention were measured using the instruments developed from standard instruments from the Theory of Planned Behavior. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was used to analyse the data. Result: This study found that 68.4% of respondent with high or low intention of preventing a stroke can be predicted by attitude factors, subjective norm factors, and perceived behavioral factors. While 96.1% of good or bad stroke awareness behavior can be predicted by the model used in this study, the rest (3.9%) is explained by other variables outside this research model. Conclusion: The hypothesis testing results showed that all construct variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior can be strong predictors of stroke awareness behavior. All variables in the Theory of Planned Behavior can be powerful predictors of stroke awareness behavior.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning of Family Medicine Course among Undergraduates in a Local University in Malaysia
Authors: Syed Mohideen Fathima Begum , A. Rashid Mohd. Radzniwan , Abdul Rahman Nur Faraheen , Mohd Noor Muhammad Tauffik , Syed Mohamad Sharifah Najwa
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the global teaching and learning process (TnL). Unfortunately, to date, not many qualitative studies have been published specifically on the impact of COVID-19 on the Family Medicine course, particularly in Malaysia. Hence, this study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the teaching and learning experience of undergraduate students undergoing their Family Medicine course at a local university. Methods: A qualitative study using focused group discussion (FGD), was conducted among undergraduate students during the lockdown period. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 20 students, in their fifth undergraduate year, undertaking their fourth to fifth week of a total six-week course. They were selected using purposive snowball sampling method. There were four focus group discussions (FGD) with five students in a group. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and the contents were analysed using the standard content analysis framework. Subsequently, thematic content analysis was conducted, and three major themes were produced. Results: The three major themes were (1) facilitators to learning, (2) barriers to learning, and (3) rooms for improvement. Conclusion: Although COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact on TnL of Family Medicine course among undergraduates, the students remained optimistic and proposed some improvement from their point of view. However, a creative, realistic, effective, and impactful way of TnL, particularly in clinical aspects should be developed and experimented. Technological progress and advancement should permit this idea to be achievable and implemented in near future.
Expression of Stro-1, Runx-2, Osterix, and Alp in Alveolar Bone Regeneration Process Following the Administration of Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) Scaffold
Authors: Naini Amiyatun , Sumono Agus , Parnaadji Rahardyan , Hendrijantini Nike , Khaerunnisa Siti
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Tooth extraction before denture placement could result in trauma and damage to up to 50% of the alveolar bone, inducing bone resorption, and affecting the patient’s quality of life. Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) can be used as an alternative to bone graft material which degrades slowly, affecting the proliferation and activity of cells that are responsible for bone tissue engineering. This study aimed to analyze the regeneration mechanism of alveolar bone by administering the HAGP scaffold and observing the Stro-1, Runx-2, Osterix, and ALP expression. Methods: Laboratory experimental research was conducted and we used 150-355µm HAGP scaffold particles, applied in vivo inside alveolar sockets of the rats for 7, 14, and 28 days, followed by immunohistochemical examination of Stro-1, Runx-2, Osterix, and ALP expressions. Results: The HAGP scaffold group showed that the Stro-1 expression was significantly higher than the K(-) group, and the Runx-2 expression increased on day 7 and decreased on day 28 in the HAGP and K(-) groups. Osterix expression increased from day 7, 14, to day 28. The high expression of Osterix on day 28 means it took over the Runx-2 function. In ALP there was a significant increase on day 7. ALP expression was a sign of early osteoblast differentiation and production by cells, this extracellular matrix mineralization is an indicator of the osteogenic process. Conclusion: Alveolar bone regeneration mechanism in rats revealed that the expression of Stro-1, Runx-2, Osterix, and ALP was higher in the HAGP scaffold group compared to the control group on days 7,14, and 28.
Cytogenomic Profiling of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Patients Using DNA Microarray
Authors: Wan Mohamad Zamri Wan Norizzati , Mohd Yunus Nazihah , Abdul Aziz Ahmad Aizat , Sidek Mohamad Ros , Mohd. Adam Noratifah , Sulong Sarina
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most frequent adult leukaemia in the Western world. The clinical presentation varies greatly, from very indolent cases to those with aggressive and fast advancing disease. This variation has significant implications for clinical approaches, therapeutic tactics, and, ultimately, survival durations from diagnosis. Acquired chromosomal aberrations play a key role in CLL aetiology. Due to difficulty to obtain abnormal metaphases for analysis, few methods such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe assay (MLPA) were employed to detect chromosomal aberration however the methods are limited to specific locus only. Thus, this study is aimed to detect the chromosomal aberrations using DNA microarray platform. Methods: In this retrospective study, DNA archive obtained from 7 CLL patients which collected at diagnosis and subjected to Affymetrix CytoScan® 750K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array following the manufacture procedure. The raw data obtained were analysed using the Chromosome Analysis Suite (ChAS) software (Affymetrix) using annotations of genome version GRCh38 (hg38). Result: Out of 7 patients, 4 of them showing deletion of 13q while 3 of them showing deletion of 14q in various region . Some of the deleted loci were too small (0.42-0.6Mb) to be detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA). There was also the presence of additional chromosomal aberrations that could be missed by CCA, FISH, or MLPA due to cryptic deletion or duplication that was as small as 0.4MB in size. Conclusion: The present study showed that low resolution chromosomal aberration was able to be detected using DNA microarray platform in comparison to CCA, FISH and MLPA.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-reported practices Questionnaire on Pureed Diet Preparation (KAP DYS Puree) among Food Handlers in Malaysian Hospitals for Dysphagia Management: Development, Validity, and Reliability Testing
Authors: Azizan Aizul Azri , Mohd Rasdi Hanif Farhan , Shahar Suzana , Abdul Manaf Zahara , Haron Hasnah , Razalli Nurul Huda
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This methodological research study aimed to measure content validity and reliability of a newly developed questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices towards pureed diet preparation (KAP DYS Puree) among hospital food handlers for dysphagia management. Methods: The study was conducted through face validation, content validation, content reliability and construct validation. A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was carried out involving 4 panels for face validation, 10 raters for content validity and 161 food handlers participated for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while 30 food handlers were involved for test-retest reliability. The questionnaire which consisted of 40 items distributed into 3 domains and was assessed and analyzed using modified kappa (k*) for reliability. Results: Content Validity Index revealed the following I-CVI values: knowledge = 0.915, attitudes = 0.922 and self-reported practices = 0.900 and modified kappa values (k*) knowledge = 0.983, attitudes = 0.9214 and self-reported practices = 0.899. The EFA was employed for two dimensions which were self-reported practices and attitudes based on principal axis of factoring with varimax rotation. The factor analysis yielded two factors with a total of 10 items in the attitudes domain and two factors with a total of 9 items in the self-reported practices domain that had satisfactory factor loading (> 0.3). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values for attitudes = 0.816 and self-reported practices = 0.776. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant at p < 0.0001 for attitudes and self-reported practices indicating the suitability of this data for factor analysis. Interclass Correlation Index (ICC) values for attitudes = 0.739 and self-reported practices = 0.789. Conclusion: This instrument can be used as a need assessment tool in the development of a comprehensive training module for pureed diet preparations in dysphagia management.
Analysis of Undergraduate Dental Students’ Self-Assessment and Faculty Assessment of Students’ Structured Seminar Presentation in Clinical Oral Medicine
Authors: Suyambukesan Subashini , Perumal Gopu Chandran Lenin
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Continuing Education skills will be accomplished when the student is able to direct their own learning needs, by exposing themselves to the art of unswerving assessment of their own learning methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-assessment of student led seminar presentation in a clinical oral medicine topic by undergraduate dental students could be related with faculty assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among year four undergraduate dental students. The students and the faculty assessed the student`s seminar presentation based on structured rubrics, that were analysed and discussed together. Results: The paired differences with regards to both the assessments were analysed, the p- value was less than 0.05, suggesting that there was significant difference in the marks between student`s and faculty`s assessments and that the students gave more grades to themselves when compared with the faculty. There was no statistical difference in assessment among male and female students. There was considerable difference between the two assessment mean scores among the low achiever group of students. Conclusion: Dental students generally overrated themselves and there was a definite gap between faculty and student assessment which could be bridged through organised and thoughtful training.
Relationship of Physical Environmental Conditions of Houses with the Incidence of Pneumonia among Children under Five
Authors: Sinaga Taruli Rohana , Purba Sri Dearmaita , Pardede Jek Amidos , Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Syapitri Henny , Poddar Sandeep
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In 2019, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children under the age of five. In 2017, pneumonia killed 808,694 children under five, accounting for 15% of all fatalities among children under the age of five. Methods: An observational analytic survey with a case control design was used as the study approach. The research samples were collected using a simple random sampling procedure with 48 children under the age of five separated into two groups, 24 samples for the case group and 24 samples for the control group. The research was carried out between February and July of 2020. This study tools used were observation sheets and rollmeters.The data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between incidence of pneumonia in children under five with different variables, respectively, ventilation area, floor type, wall type, presence of smoke hole. Conclusion: It implies that the community should pay attention to the overall condition of the house, one of which is by improving home ventilation, adjusting the room area to the number of occupants, quitting smoking in the house, and cleaning the floor more often.
Distance Learning: Perceived Constraints Towards the New Norms in Learning Anatomy During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah , Abas Razif , Tan Rebecca , Haqeem Danial , S Jamali Nut Atma
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to unavoidable new norms, including increasing demands for online learning. In view of the potential constraints to virtually learn anatomy among medical students, this study was conducted to identify the level of exposure towards online anatomy learning as well as the perceived constraints among medical students in a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing online survey was conducted during the movement control order (MCO) enforcement in Malaysia between March and October 2020 among all consented medical students at a public university in the Klang Valley area. The data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was distributed using Google Form application. Results: A total of 281 medical students consented and completed the online survey, with 94.3% students had low level of exposure towards online anatomy learning. Year of study and accessibility towards computing facilities and internet connection were significantly associated with online anatomy learning, with the non-clinical students are 19.9 (aOR= 19.888, B=2.990, 95%CI: 2.484-159.220) times more likely to have higher exposure towards online anatomy learning respectively. Conclusion: A very high proportion of medical students having low exposure towards online anatomy learning was observed in this study, which was predicted among the clinical students. Strengthening the utilization of online learning should be seriously considered in parallel with the new norms and the many uncertainties with COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure continuity of effective and quality learning.
Face and Content Validity of a Handwriting Program for Children With Handwriting Difficulties
Authors: Zainol Mahfuzah , Kadar Masne , Razaob Nor Afifi , Wan Yunus Farahiyah
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Occupational therapists have been developing various handwriting intervention that has fundamental occupational goals with known validity to guide professional practice in the treatment of children with handwriting difficulties. This study aimed to explore the development and content validation of a developed handwriting intervention programme for children with handwriting difficulties. Methods: This study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology based on the sequential exploratory design in two main stages. The first stage is the focus group discussion and followed by a validation procedure using face and content validity scored by the expert reviewers. A total of thirteen experts participated in this study. Results: The findings were analyzed thematically according to physical appearance, language used, and content in the developed programme. The face and content validity report a convincing value, ranging from 0.99 to 1.00 of S-CVI values on four aspects, relevancy, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity in the developed programme. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary approval for the development and validation of a handwriting intervention programme for children with handwriting difficulties to support the demand in the Malaysian school curriculum.
Oral Health Needs and Barriers to Care in Children with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Shoaib Lily Azura , Mohamed Rohani Maryani , John Jacob , Omar Ros Anita , Zainuddin Nurul Izyan , Sylvia Lim Sze Fen , Ting Tee Yee
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Children with learning difficulties (LD) have poorer oral health compared to those without LD due to barriers in maintaining oral care. However, the scarcity of data for this population in Malaysia has left a huge gap in understanding their problems and how to overcome those barriers. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the unmet dental needs and barriers to care perceived by the guardians of children with learning difficulties (CWLD) attending the Special Education Integrated Programmes of a mainstream primary school, in comparison to children without learning difficulties. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed the guardians of CWLD (case) and those without LD (control), aged 6-12 years old. A total of 225 questionnaires were distributed to the guardians with a response rate of 40.4% (N=91). Unmet dental needs and barriers in both groups were analysed using the chi-square test. Barriers with significant Chi-square results were further tested with logistic regression to investigate possible confounders. Results: Unmet dental needs of 23.1% of CWLD were found. Most of the guardians agreed that regular dental check-ups were the most needed dental treatment (27.1%) compared to other treatments. The child’s behaviour and the unwillingness of the dentists to treat were among the significant barriers to dental care within the CWLD group. Conclusion: Despite regular dental visits, guardians of CWLD perceived that their children had the most unmet dental needs compared to other children without LD, with significant barriers in terms of accessing professional dental services.
Relationship between Parental Emotional Styles and Family Values to Anxiety Level among Primary School Children
Authors: Ab Ghaffar Siti Fatimah , Ahmad Ghazali , Ibrahim Mazne , Mat Yussof Nur Dalila , Muhammad Nur Hafizah , Musa Ramli , Mohamad Isa Irma Izani
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Childhood anxiety is one of the common mental health problems in children. Untreated childhood anxiety will lead to a higher risk of developing mental health problems in adulthood. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental emotional styles and family values to anxiety level among primary school children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected primary school in Kelantan, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires consisted of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale–Parents’ Report (RCADS-P 25), the Parental Emotional Style Questionnaire (PESQ), and the Asian Family Characteristics Scale (AFCS) was used for assessing anxiety, parental emotional styles, and family values, respectively. Data were collected via an online survey using Google Form, and were analysed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to determine the factors associated with childhood anxiety. The significance value was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 150 parents of primary school children from the selected school was involved in this study. The majority of respondents were females (82.0%), married (94.7%), hold a degree (66.7%), and were working in the government sector (60.0%). Most of the respondents’ child were twelve years old (20.7%) and males (62%). Based on the MLR, emotional dismissing parental style (p = 0.025) and family values (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with anxiety in these children. Conclusion: Emotional dismissing parental style and family values were significant predictors of anxiety in primary school children. Future intervention research on childhood anxiety is needed.
A Mini-review on the Determinants and Risk Factors of Adolescent Pregnancy in Developing Countries
Authors: Sulaiman Shameer Khan , Idris Idayu Badilla , Hod Rozita , Abdullah Nik Nairan , Hod Rafidah , Shamsusah Nadia Aqilla
Published: August 2023

Pregnant adolescents have been shown to have a higher incidence of health and non-health-related complications that affect both mothers and infants. These include increased risk of pregnancy-related diseases such as anemia and pre-eclampsia, preterm and low-birth-weight babies, as well as other social consequences such as educational and financial difficulties. This mini review evaluates selected articles which explain the attitudes, knowledge, behavior and other risk factors associated with pregnancy among adolescents in developing countries. It also revealed that inadequate knowledge among adolescents about reproductive and sexual health, other social, cultural and peer influences, parenting values, and poor financial and educational status were factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy. Likewise, a lack of support from parents, educators and healthcare workers had negative impacts on healthy sexual behavior among adolescents, which may ultimately lead to adolescent pregnancy. We conclude that the factors discussed in this review need to be evaluated and taken into consideration by policymakers and healthcare workers when formulating strategies to prevent pregnancies among adolescents.
Chemical Profiling of Trace Odours for Forensic Identification: A Review
Authors: Mohd Kamal Muhammad Hafizuddin , Omar Maizatul Hasyima , Chang Kah Haw , Zakaria Yusmazura , Nik Hassan Nik Fakhuruddin
Published: August 2023

Trace odour is one of the trace material evidence that has significant value in forensic analysis. The recovery of relevant trace odour components from clothing has the potential to be a form of trace evidence that can be used to assess the likelihood of a contact between individuals in sexual and violent cases. They have the same potential as other trace evidence and can narrow down the suspect in the investigation. Studies conducted previously related to trace odour have succeeded in proving that this trace odour is unique, has its signature profile and can distinguish it from other sources such as fingerprints and DNA. This review highlights these trace odours and their persistence after being transferred, which contribute to a complete picture of the dynamics and potential application in the forensic reconstruction process. The literature was sourced from electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley On¬line Library and Science Direct. Keywords such “odour”, “trace odour”, “scent”, “volatile organic compound”, “forensic identification” were utilised. Further studies on various forms of trace odour are needed to strengthen their evidential values and be admissible to the court.
Periosteum: Functional Anatomy and Clinical Application
Authors: Adeoye Azeez Omoniyi , Hadie Siti Nurma Hanim , Munajat Ismail , Mohd Zaharri Nur Izni , Zawawi Muhamad Syahrul Fitri , Tuan Sharif Sharifah Emilia , Sulaiman Abdul Razak
Published: August 2023

Periosteum is a connective tissue that envelopes the outer surface of bones and is tightly bound to the underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers. It is composed of two layers, the outer fibrous layer and the inner cambium layer. The periosteum is densely vascularised and contains an osteoprogenitor niche that serves as a repository for bone-forming cells, which makes it an essential bone-regenerating tissue and has immensely contributed to fracture healing. Due to the high vascularity of inner cambium layer of the periosteum, periosteal transplantation has been widely used in the management of bone defects and fracture by orthopedic surgeons. Nevertheless, the use of periosteal graft in the management of bone defect is limited due to its contracted nature after being harvested. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the structure of periosteum, and how periosteal transplantation have been used in clinical practices, with special reference on its expansion.
A Rare Case of Cystic Biliary Atresia
Authors: Lee Ng Wei , A. Karim Noor Khairiah , A/L Dheer Singh Preetvinder Singh
Published: August 2023

Biliary atresia is one of the commonest causes of prolonged jaundice in neonate, whereas cystic biliary atresia is a rare form of biliary atresia with similar presentation, but a slightly different sonographic finding. Being able to differentiate them radiologically is important as the surgical management is different for these two diagnoses. An ultrasound examination was done for a 2-month-old baby girl with prolonged jaundice with the finding of a cyst along the portal triad, which raised the suspicion for cystic biliary atresia. The diagnosis was confirmed with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and Kasai procedure was done. The patient was well after the surgery with resolution of jaundice.
Caffeine Intake and Its Association with Mental Health Status among Pharmacy Students at UiTM Puncak Alam
Authors: Annuar Nurul Atikah , John Kwong Siew Shia , Yob Noor Jannah , Zakaria Yuslina , Hussin Siti Nooraishah
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Caffeine is a psychoactive substance widely consumed over the past decades. The effect of caffeine can be either beneficial or harmful. It increases cognitive performances, including attention, alertness and concentration. However, high caffeine intake may also induce an anxiogenic effect, causing symptoms such as rapid heart rate, restlessness and nervousness. This study aimed to determine the association between caffeine intake and mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression among undergraduate pharmacy students at UiTM Puncak Alam. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with stratified random convenience sampling. A total of 270 undergraduate pharmacy students in UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor participated in this study. A set of questionnaires was distributed using the Google Form platform. Standard General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scoring were used to assess the level of anxiety and depression among the respondents, respectively. SPSS version 27.0 was used to analyse the data. Results: About 70.4% of the students consumed caffeine, while 29.6% of the students did not consume caffeine. No significant association was found between caffeine status and the mental health scoring of GAD-7 (χ2=4.639, p=0.200) and PHQ-9 (χ2=5.256, p=0.262). Conclusion: Non-daily consumption and a low dose of caffeine intake patterns are good practises to prevent the development of anxiety or depression conditions, although the associations were not significant. Public awareness on possible anxiogenic effect and mental related disorders due to caffeine consumption need to be initiated, as nowadays, the caffeine intake behaviour has become a trendy lifestyle among the young adults.
Metformin HCl Oral Preparation Exhibits Anticancer Activity In-vitro in a Human Non-small Cell Lung Tumour Cell Line
Authors: Karim Chowdhury Forhadul , Islam Mohammod Jahidul , Abdul Rahman Shamima
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The most common variety of lung cancer is non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 84% of new cases. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are the primary treatment option. Metformin has recently been demonstrated to have an anti-tumour impact on various cancer cells. The goal of this investigation was to determine the growth inhibitory, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, apoptotic and cell cycle arrest properties of metformin HCl oral tablets on the A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Methods: The cells were treated with different dosages of an oral preparation of metformin, with untreated cells used as a control. The Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay was used to determine metformin’s inhibitory and cytotoxic effects. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Results: In a dose-dependent manner, metformin HCl was able to reduce the viability of treated cells compared to the untreated control. Cell proliferation was considerably inhibited in the treated group with the IC50 dose than in the untreated control group and the IC50 dose showed no cytotoxic effect on L929 cells. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was observed in the IC50 dose-treated group by Flow cytometry analysis and data showed metformin oral drug causes early apoptosis and a considerable cell increase in the S phase of the cell cycle. Conclusion: Metformin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the cell line. A comprehensive proteome examination is required to understand more about the mechanism of action of the oral metformin HCl on cancer cells.
A Case Study from the Perspective of Rural Areas in Bangladesh Concerning “Additional Financial Aid” and “Support for Students”
Authors: Shaoan Md Mirajur Rhaman , McNamara Patricia Mannix , Lafferty Niamh
Published: August 2023

This study focused on educational solutions for children with special needs that are more effective in enhancing their academic performance than their social integration. The paper gives a case study of extra support provided by mobile special and rehabilitative educators to students deemed by their schools to need further assistance in reaching their goals but who are not recognized as having special needs in Bangladesh. A qualitative case study featured nine students and nine mobile CFP students who participated in the school throughout the 2017-18 school year survey. In this study, the author was interested in understanding the notion of inclusion and whether or not student assistance was currently in place would not only target additional professionals to assist the student, In the event of learning difficulties or special needs but also take into account the individual’s original environment (assistance to the child’s parents or guardians) and overall social inclusion. The present study evaluated the help and support given to students whose program orientation for students with special needs has not yet been determined but whom, according to practitioners, would benefit from additional support and incentives to increase their participation in the educational process. However, the paper discovered a fragmented view of inclusion and an emphasis on student participation. Despite positive results, developing less exclusive behaviors remains an Idabel obstacle.
Blockchain Technology and its Implications for Information System Development
Authors: Crispin P. Noguerra, Jr.
Published: August 2023

The potential transformation brought by blockchain technology in information system development is gaining momentum. This research explores the intricate consequences of integrating blockchain into information system development, drawing insights from a group of 30 professionals representing various sectors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, the study investigates participants' viewpoints on the advantages, challenges, and recommendations for adopting blockchain. The outcomes reveal substantial recognition (83.3%) of heightened data security and data integrity (76.7%) as primary benefits. Concerns revolve around scalability (70%) and the complexities of system integration (60%). Remarkably, participants envision enhanced operational efficiency (73.3%) and amplified transparency (63.3%) as potential outcomes. Regulatory considerations elicit diverse responses (50%), highlighting the dynamic nature of legal frameworks. Recommendations (80%) include implementing comprehensive training programs and initiating pilot projects (63.3%) to facilitate effective integration. The results enhance the understanding of blockchain's role in information system development, offering guidance to practitioners and organizations for well-informed decision-making amidst a constantly evolving technological landscape.
DevOps Practices and their Role in Streamlining Information System Development
Authors: Crispin P. Noguerra, Jr.
Published: August 2023

This study delves into the realm of modern software development by investigating the role of DevOps practices in streamlining information system development. Employing a qualitative research approach, a blend of in-depth interviews and comprehensive surveys were conducted to capture insights from professionals in software development and operations roles. The findings reveal a prevalent adoption of DevOps practices, with 70% of interviewees and 65% of survey respondents indicating integration. Notably, Continuous Integration (CI) emerged as a cornerstone practice, fostering rapid code integration, while Automated Testing fortified software quality. Enhanced collaboration and reduced lead times signify the potency of DevOps's impact on development cycles. However, challenges in cultural transformation and effective automated testing suites underscore the journey's complexities. Ultimately, the study illuminates DevOps as a catalyst for collaborative agility and a transformative force shaping the software engineering landscape.
Integration of Cloud Computing in Business Information System Development
Authors: Crispin P. Noguerra, Jr.
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a concise overview of the exploration into this integration, encompassing its historical evolution, fundamental concepts, benefits, challenges, and best practices. Cloud computing, emerging from its roots in virtualization technology, has evolved into a versatile framework offering an array of service models to cater to diverse organizational needs. Cloud-based solutions empower businesses to optimize resource allocation, expedite application deployment, and adeptly respond to evolving demands. Real-world case studies underscore the tangible advantages of cloud integration, from cost savings in e-commerce to streamlined patient data management in healthcare. Surveys highlight unanimous recognition of cloud benefits, including improved accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and agility, while underlining the imperative of robust security measures. Comparative analysis of cloud service models reveals a spectrum of options – Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS) – providing tailored integration strategies. Expert insights and a framework guides organizations through security, compliance, and migration complexities, while methodologies and guidelines facilitate well-informed integration journeys. The results quantify performance enhancements, endorsing the strategic investment in cloud technology. In conclusion, the integration of cloud computing is not merely a technological advancement but a strategic imperative, positioning organizations at the vanguard of innovation, efficiency, and sustained success in an interconnected, data-driven landscape