bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF HAND‐TO‐HAND MEASUREMENTS FOR BODY COMPOSITION MONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH INACCESSIBLE OR AMPUTATED FEET
Authors: Keane David F. , Lindley Elizabeth
Published: September 2014

Background

The body composition monitor (BCM) provides an objective assessment of fluid status, which has been shown to improve outcomes in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The models used by the BCM were developed and validated using standard wrist‐to‐ankle bioimpedance measurements, made between electrodes on the hand and foot. However, in patients with inaccessible or amputated feet it is not possible to use standard electrode configurations.

Objective

To compare hydration measurements made with ‘hand‐to‐hand’ (H‐H) and ‘hand‐to‐foot’ (H‐F) electrode configurations in patients with accessible feet or no amputations.

Methods

One hundred and one consecutive patients referred for a BCM measurement were recruited to have H‐H measurements at the same time as the usual H‐F measurement using the same height and weight. Patients with obvious localised oedema were excluded.

Results

Compared with H‐F, H‐H measurements showed a bias of −0.1 L. For 61% of patients the difference between the readings was within 0.5 L; for 81% it was within 1.0 L.

Conclusion

The agreement between H‐H and H‐F measurements was close enough to encourage us to use H‐H measurements in patients with inaccessible or amputated feet. Prior to amputation, height and weight are recorded. Target weight (TW) reductions are made gradually when close to normal hydration. Clinically, changes based on H‐H measurements appear to be as appropriate as those using H‐F. The desired hydration at TW can be established and then TW adjusted to maintain this hydration as the flesh weight fluctuates.
Robust and Powerful Tests for Nonlinear Deterministic Components
Authors: Astill Sam , Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Taylor A. M. Robert
Published: September 2014

We develop a test for the presence of nonlinear deterministic components in a univariate time series, approximated using a Fourier series expansion, designed to be asymptotically robust to the order of integration of the process and to any weak dependence present. We show that our proposed test has uniformly greater local asymptotic power than the existing tests of Harvey, Leybourne and Xiao (2010) when the shocks are I(1), identical local asymptotic power when the shocks are I(0), and also improved finite sample properties. We also consider the issue of determining the number of Fourier frequencies used to specify any nonlinear deterministic components.
Comparison of Robotic and Manual Persistent AF Ablation Using Catheter Contact Force Sensing: An International Multicenter Registry Study
Authors: ULLAH WAQAS , HUNTER ROSS J. , HALDAR SHOUVIK , MCLEAN AILSA , DHINOJA MEHUL , SPORTON SIMON , EARLEY MARK J. , LORGAT FAIZEL , WONG TOM , SCHILLING RICHARD J.
Published: September 2014

Background

Catheter‐based contact force sensing (CFS) technology gives detailed information regarding contact between the catheter tip and myocardium. This may result in more effective ablation procedures. The primary objective of this study was comparison of remote robotic navigation (RRN) and Manual CFS ablation. The secondary objective was to compare CFS with non‐CFS ablation for both navigation modes.

Methods

Prospective registries of consecutive cases undergoing their first ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) from six hospitals in the United Kingdom and South Africa were analyzed: 50 Manual/CFS and 50 RRN/CFS cases were included. Historical control non‐CFS ablation patients were matched by propensity score, giving a total 200 patient cohort.

Results

RRN/CFS was associated with improved single procedure 1‐year success rates (64% vs 36%, P = 0.01) and shorter fluoroscopy times (41% reduction, P < 0.0005) than Manual/CFS ablation, without any difference in procedure times (P = 0.8). The mean contact force was higher in RRN/CFS than Manual/CFS cases (16 [15–18 g] vs 13 [12–15 g], respectively, P = 0.003). Compared with non‐CFS historical controls, CFS cases had higher 1‐year success rates for RRN (64% vs 36%, P = 0.01), but not Manual ablation (36% vs 38%, P = 1). Procedure times were reduced for CFS cases (20%, P < 0.005 both navigation modes), as were fluoroscopy times (Manual: 43%, RRN 83%, P < 0.005 for both). There were no differences in rates of major or minor complications for either comparison (P > 0.5).

Conclusions

A combination of RRN and CFS is associated with improved success rates at 1 year and fluoroscopy times for persistent AF ablation, compared with Manual ablation and non‐CFS RRN ablation.
Allergy and asthma prevention 2014
Authors: Nieto Antonio , Wahn Ulrich , Bufe Albrecht , Eigenmann Philippe , Halken Susanne , Hedlin Gunilla , Høst Arne , Hourihane Jonathan , Just Jocelyne , Lack Gideon , Lau Susanne , Matricardi Paolo Maria , Muraro Antonella , Papadopoulos Nikos , Roberts Graham , Simpson Angela , Valovirta Erkka , Weidinger Stephan , Wickman Magnus , Mazon Angel
Published: September 2014

Asthma and allergic diseases have become one of the epidemics of the 21st century in developed countries. Much of the success of other areas of medicine, such as infectious diseases, lies on preventive measures. Thus, much effort is also being placed lately in the prevention of asthma and allergy. This manuscript reviews the current evidence, divided into four areas of activity. Interventions modifying environmental exposure to allergens have provided inconsistent results, with multifaceted interventions being more effective in the prevention of asthma. Regarding nutrition, the use of hydrolyzed formulas in high‐risk infants reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis, while there is for now not enough evidence to recommend other dietary modifications, pre‐biotics, probiotics, or other microbial products. Pharmacologic agents used until now for prevention have not proved useful, while there is hope that antiviral vaccines could be useful in the future. Allergen‐specific immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of allergic patients with symptoms; the study of its value for primary and secondary prevention of asthma and allergy is in its very preliminary phases. The lack of success in the prevention of these disorders lies on their complexity, which involves many genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interactions. There is a need to identify target populations, involved mechanisms and interactions, and the best interventions. These must be effective, feasible, implementable, and affordable.
Autoimmune disease comorbidities in patients with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Lung‐Chi , Hwang Chian‐Yaw , Chung Pei‐I , Hua Tuan‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Da , Chu Szu‐Yin , Lee Din‐Dar , Chang Yun‐Ting , Wang Wen‐Jen , Liu Han‐Nan , Chen Chih‐Chiang
Published: September 2014

Background and Objectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing dermatitis of unknown etiology. It is thought that abnormal regulation of Th1 and Th2 is not only the major cause of AD, but also the vital pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. To date, no large‐scale studies have been performed on the relationship between AD and autoimmune disease. By conducting a nationwide population‐based study with case–controls in Taiwan, we sought to clarify the association of AD with other autoimmune diseases to obtain a better understanding of its pathogenesis.

Methods

Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan from 1997 to 2010. In total, 41950 patients with AD and 167800 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were enrolled.

Results

Patients with AD tended to have a high risk of associated lupus erythematosus (LE) (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.48–2.54). The risk of LE was higher in female AD patients (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.53–2.76) than in male AD patients (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.76–2.85). Juvenile patients younger than 18 yrs with AD had higher risk of LE (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.30–7.03) than adult patients with AD (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.26–2.24).

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the association between AD and LE. Early survey for LE in juvenile patients with AD is recommended.
The clinicopathological and gene expression patterns associated with ulceration of primary melanoma
Authors: Jewell Rosalyn , Elliott Faye , Laye Jonathan , Nsengimana Jérémie , Davies John , Walker Christy , Conway Caroline , Mitra Angana , Harland Mark , Cook Martin G. , Boon Andy , Storr Sarah , Safuan Sabreena , Martin Stewart G. , Jirström Karin , Olsson Håkan , Ingvar Christian , Lauss Martin , Bishop Tim , Jönsson Göran , Newton‐Bishop Julia
Published: September 2014

Ulceration of primary melanomas is associated with poor prognosis yet is reported to predict benefit from adjuvant interferon. To better understand the biological processes involved, clinicopathological factors associated with ulceration were determined in 1804 patients. From this cohort, 348 primary tumor blocks were sampled to generate gene expression data using a 502‐gene cancer panel and 195 blocks were used for immunohistochemistry to detect macrophage infiltration and vessel density. Gene expression results were validated using a whole genome array in two independent sample sets. Ulceration of primary melanomas was associated with more proliferative tumors, tumor vessel invasion, and increased microvessel density. Infiltration of tumors with greater number of macrophages and gene expression pathways associated with wound healing and up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines suggests that ulceration is associated with tumor‐related inflammation. The relative benefit from interferon reported in patients with ulcerated tumors may reflect modification of signaling pathways involved in inflammation.
Corynelia uberata as a threat to regeneration of Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopian forests: spatial pattern and temporal progress of the disease and germination studies
Authors: Assefa A. , Abate D. , Stenlid J.
Published: September 2014

The order Coryneliales includes several fungi such as Corynelia spp. that are pathogenic to trees in the Podocarpaceae. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial pattern and temporal progress of disease caused by Corynelia uberata on Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopian forests and to evaluate the germination potential of seed retrieved from fruit infected by C. uberata. Corynelia uberata was found on leaves, young stems and/or on fruit of P. falcatus in Ethiopian forests. Spatial analysis in the Adaba‐Dodola forest showed that disease intensity of C. uberata was significantly higher in non‐‘WAJIB’ blocks (disturbed forest) than ‘WAJIB’ blocks (sustainably managed forest) (P < 0·0001). In the temporal disease progress study, a significantly higher incidence and severity of disease on fruit was recorded during the wet season relative to dry season (P < 0·0001). The green milk stage of fruit exhibited significantly higher mean incidence (P < 0·0001) and severity (P < 0·0001) of disease compared to other growth stages of fruit. The disease incidence and severity in general, as well as on different fruit growth stages, were highly correlated (P < 0·0001, R2 ≥ 0·95). Germination rate of seed decreased significantly with an increase in the level of fruit infection by C. uberata (P < 0·0001). Thus, C. uberata can apparently influence germination of seed and may pose a threat to the regeneration of P. falcatus from seeds in Ethiopian forests.
Salivary 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol increases after awakening in healthy young adults
Authors: Sugaya Nagisa , Izawa Shuhei , Yamamoto Ryuichiro , Ogawa Namiko , Yajima Jumpei , Okamura Hisayoshi , Horiuchi Satoshi , Tsuda Akira , Nomura Shinobu
Published: September 2014

Levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) may reflect central noradrenergic activity. In this study, we investigated salivary MHPG changes after awakening, and explored their relationships with cortisol and peripheral autonomic activity. The participants were 25 college students. Saliva samples were collected on awakening and 30 min after awakening to determine MHPG and cortisol. Ambulatory electrocardiograms were obtained to assess heart rate, cardiac sympathetic index (CSI), and cardiac vagal index (CVI) before and after awakening. MHPG levels increased significantly during the first 30 min after awakening. Similarly, cortisol, heart rate, and CSI increased during the 30 min after awakening, but changes in MHPG did not correlate with changes in cortisol, heart rate, CSI, and CVI during that period. This study demonstrated that salivary MHPG levels increase after awakening, in common with cortisol, heart rate, and cardiac sympathetic activity.
Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Reproductive Diseases in Cattle and Horses
Authors: Pyörälä S , Taponen J , Katila T
Published: September 2014

Contents

Use of antimicrobials for veterinary indications related to reproduction in cattle and horses is reviewed. Antimicrobial compounds are widely used to treat and prevent infections of reproductive organs. Total amounts of antimicrobials for such purposes, estimated by weight, are low compared with major uses in food animals. The most common reproduction‐related indication in cattle is mastitis. The number of intramammary products available for treatment of mastitis in the European Union is high. Metritis and endometritis also require antimicrobial treatment of cattle and specific products for intrauterine administration are available. The traditions and practices associated with the use of these products vary considerably among different countries. Parenteral antimicrobial treatment is used to treat acute clinical mastitis and puerperal metritis. Pharmacological characteristics of the antimicrobial administered parenterally are critical to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations in the target organs. In mares, the most common indications associated with reproduction are endometritis, retained placenta and placentitis. The number of authorized antimicrobial products for horses is limited. Horses are treated individually and off‐label use of antimicrobials is very common. In veterinary indications related to reproduction, treatment practices exist that cannot be considered to be evidence‐based or responsible use of antimicrobials. Not all products for local treatment have proven efficacy data. Examples of unnecessary uses are routine treatment of cows with retained placenta and use of post‐breeding antibiotic treatments in mares.
An Introduction to Epigenetics as the Link Between Genotype and Environment: A Personal View
Authors: Van Soom A , Peelman L , Holt WV , Fazeli A
Published: September 2014

Contents

Lamarck was one of the first scientists who attempted to explain evolution, and he is especially well known for formulating the concept that acquired characteristics can be transmitted to future generations and may therefore steer evolution. Although Lamarckism fell out of favour soon after the publication of Darwin's work on natural selection and evolution, the concept of transmission of acquired characteristics has recently gained renewed attention and has led to some rethinking of the standard evolutionary model. Epigenetics, or the study of heritable (mitotically and/or meiotically) changes in gene activity that are not brought about by changes in the DNA sequence, can explain some types of ill health in offspring, which have been exposed to stressors during early development, when DNA is most susceptible to such epigenetic influences. In this review, we explain briefly the history of epigenetics and we propose some examples of epigenetic and transgenerational effects demonstrated in humans and animals. Growing evidence is available that the health and phenotype of a given individual is already shaped shortly before and after the time of conception. Some evidence suggests that epigenetic markings, which have been established around conception, can also be transmitted to future generations. This knowledge can possibly be used to revolutionize animal breeding and to increase human and animal health worldwide.
Successful Use of Endoscopy for Transcervical Cannulation Procedures in the Goat
Authors: Colagross‐Schouten A , Allison D , Brent L , Lissner E
Published: September 2014

Contents

Two methods for transcervical cannulation of the goat were evaluated during a contraception study in 15 adult female Nigerian dwarf and African pygmy goats. Twenty‐four transcervical cannulation procedures were conducted in which seven females underwent the procedure 2–3 times. Initially, a rigid 4‐mm stainless steel cannula and external light source were used in 19 procedures to introduce the contraceptive compound into the uterus. Placement of the cannula was directed by feel or depth assessment. Of seven females that were euthanized following this procedure, four evidenced complications including penetration of the cervix with the cannula and cervical damage. A 2‐mm custom‐made endoscope with a specially designed cannula was then used for the remaining five procedures. No complications were found. A single animal, that underwent the endoscopic procedure twice, was euthanized for study purposes and no abnormal findings of the reproductive tract were reported. The use of an endoscope resulted in better outcomes because the uterus could be visualized after traversing the cervix.
Cryopreservation of Ram Semen in Extenders Containing Soybean Lecithin as Cryoprotectant and Hyaluronic Acid as Antioxidant
Authors: Najafi A , Najafi MH , Zanganeh Z , Sharafi M , Martinez‐Pastor F , Adeldust H
Published: September 2014

Contents

A soybean lecithin‐based extender supplemented with hyaluronic acid (HA) was assayed for effectiveness to improve the quality of frozen–thawed ram semen. HA has not been tested yet in an extender containing soybean lecithin for freezing ram semen. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of soybean lecithin at 1% or 1.5% along with HA at 0, 0.5 and 1 mg ml‐1 in a Tris‐based extender on the motion characteristics, membrane integrity (HOST), viability, GSH peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity, lipid peroxidation and acrosomal status after freezing–thawing. Semen was collected from four Mehraban rams during the breeding season and frozen in the six lecithin×HA extenders. The extender containing 1.5% lecithin supplemented with no HA yielded higher total motility (52.5%±1.6), viability (55.8%±1.6) and membrane integrity (44.5%±1.7), but the effects of the lecithin concentration did not reach signification. Linearity‐related parameters, ALH, BCF, lipid peroxidation, GSH‐PX activity, morphology and acrosomal status were not affected by the extender composition. In general, adding HA significantly decreased sperm velocity (1 mg ml‐1 HA), total motility (only with 1.5% lecithin), viability (1 mg ml‐1 HA for 1% lecithin; both concentrations for 1.5% lecithin) and membrane integrity. In conclusion, adding HA to the freezing extender supplemented with soybean lecithin failed to improve quality‐related variables in ram semen. Increasing the lecithin content could have a positive effect, but further studies are needed.
Bilateral Sertoli and Interstitial Cell Tumours in Abdominal Testes of a Goat with Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS)
Authors: Canisso IF , Coffee LL , Ortved K , Fubini SL , Monteagudo LV , Schlafer DH , Gilbert RO
Published: September 2014

Contents

An 8‐year‐old, mixed breed, polled goat was presented for evaluation of male‐like behaviour. Clinical findings included clitoromegaly, a heavily muscled neck, pronounced beard, and erect dorsal guard hairs, which are phenotypic characteristics commonly observed in intersex animals. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed the presence of two abdominal masses caudolateral to the uterine horns. Serum concentration of estradiol was elevated. Genetic evaluation was compatible with polled intersex syndrome defined by an XX karyotype without a Y chromosome or SRY gene. Based on gross and histologic evaluation, the abdominal masses were determined to be intra‐abdominal testes, each of which was effaced by Sertoli cell and interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours. The Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs) represented two unique histologic patterns. Regardless of pattern, neoplastic Sertoli cells were consistently lipid laden and positive for vimentin. Interstitial cell tumours (ICTs) were negative for vimentin. Clinical and histopathologic findings suggest that prolonged exposure to steroids secreted by neoplastic Sertoli cells contributed to virilization. In addition, results from immunohistochemistry indicated that vimentin may be a valuable immunodiagnostic tool for differentiation between interstitial and Sertoli cell tumours in goats.
Principles for Sustainable Insurance: Risk Management and Value
Authors: Scordis Nicos A. , Suzawa Yoshihiko , Zwick Astrid , Ruckner Lucia
Published: September 2014

Some of the largest global insurers are actively pursuing the recently enacted Principles for Sustainable Insurance (PSI). While the concept of sustainability is often associated with a governance design that promotes stakeholder value, the PSI do not appear to be a call for stakeholder‐focused insurers. Rather, the PSI appear to be about internalizing tacit claims in the operations of insurers. Conceptual and empirical literature on shareholder value maximization suggests that when an insurer honors its tacit claims the value to shareholders increases. A key insight from practice is that a sincere pursuit of the PSI will expand the scope of corporate risk management.
On the Initial‐Boundary Value Problem for the Linearized Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Himonas A. Alexandrou , Mantzavinos Dionyssios
Published: September 2014

This work is concerned with the initial‐boundary value problem for the Boussinesq equation. By employing the unified transform method of Fokas, novel solution formulae for the linearized “good” Boussinesq equation on the half‐line with various initial and boundary conditions are obtained. Moreover, these solution formulae are numerically illustrated in the case of concrete data. Finally, Boussinesq's original physical derivation of the so‐called “bad” Boussinesq equation is provided.
Supercritical Blowup in Coupled Parity‐Time‐Symmetric Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Dias João‐Paulo , Figueira Mário , Konotop Vladimir V. , Zezyulin Dmitry A.
Published: September 2014

We prove finite time supercritical blowup in a parity‐time‐symmetric system of the two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. One of the equations contains gain and the other one contains dissipation such that strengths of the gain and dissipation are equal. We address two cases: in the first model all nonlinear coefficients (i.e., the ones describing self‐action and nonlinear coupling) correspond to attractive (focusing) nonlinearities, and in the second case the NLS equation with gain has attractive nonlinearity while the NLS equation with dissipation has repulsive (defocusing) nonlinearity and the nonlinear coupling is repulsive, as well. The proofs are based on the virial technique arguments. Several particular cases are also illustrated numerically.
Unitary cycles on Shimura curves and the Shimura lift II
Authors: Sankaran Siddarth
Published: September 2014

We consider two families of arithmetic divisors defined on integral models of Shimura curves. The first was studied by Kudla, Rapoport and Yang, who proved that if one assembles these divisors in a formal generating series, one obtains the$q$-expansion of a modular form of weight 3/2. The present work concerns the Shimura lift of this modular form: we identify the Shimura lift with a generating series comprising divisors arising in the recent work of Kudla and Rapoport regarding cycles on Shimura varieties of unitary type. In the prequel to this paper, the author considered the geometry of the two families of cycles. These results are combined with the Archimedean calculations found in this work in order to establish the theorem. In particular, we obtain new examples of modular generating series whose coefficients lie in arithmetic Chow groups of Shimura varieties.
Robustness and Reproducibility of a Glenoid-centered Scapular Coordinate System Derived from Low-dose Stereoradiography Analysis
Authors: Ohl Xavier , Lagacé Pierre-Yves , Billuart Fabien , Gagey Olivier , Skalli Wafa , Hagemeister Nicola
Published: September 2014

A robust and reproducible scapular coordinate system is necessary to study scapulothoracic kinematics. The coordinate system recommended by the ISB (International Society of Biomechanics) is difficult to apply in studies using medical imaging, which mostly use a glenoid-centered coordinate system. The aim of this study was to assess the robustness of a glenoid-centered coordinate system compared with the ISB coordinate system, and to study the reproducibility of this coordinate system measure during abduction. A Monte-Carlo analysis was performed to test the robustness of the two coordinate systems. This method enabled the variability of the orientation of the coordinate system to be assessed in a laboratory setting. A reproducibility study of the glenoid-centered coordinate system in the thorax reference frame was performed during abduction in the scapular plane using a low-dose stereoradiography system. We showed that the glenoid-centered coordinate system was slightly more robust than the ISB-recommended coordinate system. Most reproducible rotation was upward/downward rotation (x axis) and most reproducible translation was along the Y axis (superior-inferior translation). In conclusion, the glenoid-centered coordinate system can be used with confidence for scapular kinematics analysis. The uncertainty of the measures derived from our technique is acceptable compared with that reported in the literature. Functional quantitative analysis of the scapulothoracic joint is possible with this method.
Recruitment of a candidate with haemophilia B as a special constable in the metropolitan police service
Authors: Levene Sara , Mathias Mary
Published: September 2014

Individuals with haemophilia are usually excluded from patrolling police roles as these often necessitate confrontation. We describe an individual with moderate to severe haemophilia B who has been recruited by the Metropolitan Police Service as a Special Constable with the support of his haematologist.
Effects of endurance training only versus same-session combined endurance and strength training on physical performance and serum hormone concentrations in recreational endurance runners
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Mykkänen Olli-Pekka , Doma Kenji , Mazzolari Raffaele , Nyman Kai , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: September 2014

This study investigated the effects of endurance training only (E, n = 14) and same-session combined training, when strength training is repeatedly preceded by endurance loading (endurance and strength training (E+S), n = 13) on endurance (1000-m running time during incremental field test) and strength performance (1-repetition maximum (1RM) in dynamic leg press), basal serum hormone concentrations, and endurance loading-induced force and hormone responses in recreationally endurance-trained men. E was identical in the 2 groups and consisted of steady-state and interval running, 4–6 times per week for 24 weeks. E+S performed additional mixed-maximal and explosive-strength training (2 times per week) immediately following an incremental running session (35–45 min, 65%–85% maximal heart rate). E and E+S decreased running time at week 12 (–8% ± 5%, p = 0.001 and –7% ± 3%, p < 0.001) and 24 (–13% ± 5%, p < 0.001 and –9% ± 5%, p = 0.001). Strength performance decreased in E at week 24 (–5% ± 5%, p = 0.014) but was maintained in E+S (between-groups at week 12 and 24, p = 0.014 and 0.011, respectively). Basal serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations remained unaltered in E and E+S but testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin ratio decreased in E+S at week 12 (–19% ± 26%, p = 0.006). At week 0 and 24, endurance loading-induced acute force (–5% to –9%, p = 0.032 to 0.001) and testosterone and cortisol responses (18%–47%, p = 0.013 to p < 0.001) were similar between E and E+S. This study showed no endurance performance benefits when strength training was performed repeatedly after endurance training compared with endurance training only. This was supported by similar acute responses in force and hormonal measures immediately post-endurance loading after the training with sustained 1RM strength in E+S.
Capacity of dynamically installed anchors as assessed through field testing and three-dimensional large-deformation finite element analyses
Authors: O’Beirne C. , O’Loughlin C.D. , Wang D. , Gaudin C.
Published: September 2014

The capacity of dynamically installed anchors in soft normally consolidated clay was examined experimentally through a series of field tests on a 1:20 reduced-scale anchor. The anchors were installed through free fall in water, achieving tip embedment of 1.5–2.6 times the anchor length, before being loaded under undrained conditions at various load inclinations. Vertical anchor capacities were between 2.4 and 4.1 times the anchor dry weight and were satisfactorily predicted using the American Petroleum Institute approach for driven piles. Anchor capacity under inclined loading increased as the load inclination approached horizontal; the field data indicated this increase to be up to 30% for the minimum achievable inclination of about 20° to the horizontal. Corresponding large-deformation finite element analyses showed a similar response, with the maximum capacity occurring at a load inclination between 30° and 45° to the horizontal. The finite element results demonstrate that, for the anchor geometry considered, an inclined load at the anchor padeye could be decomposed into ultimate vertical and moment loading at the anchor centroid. The establishment of a vertical and moment loading yield envelope for the geometry investigated forms the basis of a simple design procedure presented in the paper.
Anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta and its amino acids in a behavioral test on mice
Authors: Moon Phil-Dong , Kim Kyu-Yeob , Rew Keun-Ho , Kim Hyung-Min , Jeong Hyun-Ja
Published: September 2014

Placenta extracts are used for their health benefits; however, the anti-fatigue effects of placenta have not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta extract (PE) and the amino acids present in the PE (glycine, Gly; proline, Pro; glutamic acid, GA; and arginine, Arg) using a forced swimming test (FST) and a tail-suspension test (TST) on mice. Whole PE or individual amino acids decreased immobility times in the FST. PE, Pro, and Arg all lowered blood levels of lactic acid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PE and Gly improved glycogen content and catalase activity. As determined from the serum after the FST: PE regulated the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; GA regulated the effects of IFN-γ; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of interleukin (IL)-6; and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. As determined from the spleen after the FST: Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. After the TST, PE and all of the amino acids present in PE reduced immobility duration as well as levels of aspartate aminotransferase and ALT. As determined from the serum after the TST: PE and Gly regulated the effects of TNF-α; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. These results suggest that PE should be considered a candidate anti-fatigue agent.
The overlap of numerical relativity, perturbation theory and post-Newtonian theory in the binary black hole problem
Authors: Le Tiec Alexandre
Published: September 2014

Inspiralling and coalescing binary black holes are promising sources of gravitational radiation. The orbital motion and gravitational-wave emission of such system can be modeled using a variety of approximation schemes and numerical methods in general relativity: The post-Newtonian (PN) formalism, black hole perturbation theory (BHP), numerical relativity (NR) simulations and the effective one-body (EOB) model. We review recent work at the multiple interfaces of these analytical and numerical techniques, emphasizing the use of coordinate-invariant relationships to perform meaningful comparisons. Such comparisons provide independent checks of the validity of the various calculations, they inform the development of a universal, semi-analytical model of the binary dynamics and gravitational-wave emission and they help to delineate the respective domains of validity of each approximation method. For instance, several recent comparisons suggest that perturbation theory may find applications in a broader range of physical problems than previously thought, including the radiative inspiral of intermediate mass-ratio and comparable-mass black hole binaries.
Applications of a nonlinear evolution equation I: The parton distributions in the proton
Authors: Chen Xurong , Ruan Jianhong , Wang Rong , Zhang Pengming , Zhu Wei
Published: September 2014

The nonlinear Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations with parton recombination corrections are used to dynamically evaluate the proton's parton distribution functions starting from a low scale μ2, where the nucleon consists of valence quarks. We find that the resulting negative nonlinear corrections can improve the perturbative stability of the QCD evolution equation at low Q2. Our resulting parton distributions, with four free parameters, are compatible with the existing databases. This approach provides a powerful tool to connect the quark models of the hadron and various nonperturbative effects at the scale μ2 with the measured structure functions at the high scale Q2 ≫ μ2.
Applications of a nonlinear evolution equation II: The EMC effect
Authors: Chen Xurong , Ruan Jianhong , Wang Rong , Zhang Pengming , Zhu Wei
Published: September 2014

The EMC effect is studied by using the DGLAP equation with the ZRS corrections and minimum number of free parameters, where the nuclear shadowing effect is a dynamical evolution result of the equation, the nucleon swelling and Fermi motion in the nuclear environment deform the input parton distributions. Parton distributions of both proton and nucleus are predicted in a unified framework. We show that the parton recombination as a higher twist correction plays an essential role in the evolution of parton distributions either of proton or nucleus. We find that the nuclear anti-shadowing contributes a part of enhancement of the ratio of the structure functions around x ~ 0.1, while the other part origins from the deformation of the nuclear valence quark distributions. In particular, the nuclear gluon distributions are dynamically predicted, which are important information for the recherche of the high energy nuclear physics.
Effects of Cable Dynamics in the Modeling of Cable-Stayed Bridges Under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Zárate Boris Adolfo , Caicedo Juan Martin
Published: September 2014

New longer and bigger cable-stayed bridges are planned for the future, increasing the necessity of improving the way bridge models are used, especially when the models are used for dynamic behavior. This paper studies how the dynamic behavior of the deck and towers of a particular structure are affected when the cables are modeled with three different cable models. A finite element model of the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge is used to compare the different methodologies. Three cable models are used in this study including the equivalent Young's modulus, the elastic catenary and the elastic isoparametric formulation. Results show that in the case of the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge the tower behaves differently depending on the cable model used while the deck has a similar behavior independent on the cable model used.
Bifurcation to traveling waves in the cubic–quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: Park Jungho , Strzelecki Philip
Published: September 2014

We consider the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation which is a generic modulation equation describing the nonlinear evolution of patterns in fluid dynamics. The existence of a Hopf bifurcation from the basic solution was proved by Park [Bifurcation and stability of the generalized complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, Pure Appl. Anal. 7(5) (2008) 1237–1253]. We prove in this paper that the solution bifurcates to traveling waves which have constant amplitudes. We also prove that there exist kink-profile traveling waves which have variable amplitudes. The structure of the traveling waves is examined and it is proved by means of the center manifold reduction method and some perturbation arguments, that the variable amplitude traveling waves are quasi-periodic and they connect two constant amplitude traveling waves.
Asymptotic conditions at infinity for the time-periodic Stokes problem in a system of pipes
Authors: Skujus Mindaugas
Published: September 2014

A time-periodic Stokes problem set in a domain with cylindrical outlets to infinity is studied. We derive the generalized Green formula. It enables us to impose so-called asymptotic conditions at infinity which allow to determine a unique time-periodic solution. This method was proposed and applied for a steady Stokes problem by Nazarov and co-authors.
The limit to rarefaction wave with vacuum for 1D compressible fluids with temperature-dependent transport coefficients
Authors: Li Mingjie , Wang Teng , Wang Yi
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we study the zero dissipation limit of the one-dimensional full compressible Navier–Stokes equations with temperature-dependent viscosity and heat-conduction coefficient. It is proved that given a rarefaction wave with one-side vacuum state to the full compressible Euler equations, we can construct a sequence of solutions to the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations which converge to the above rarefaction wave with vacuum as the viscosity and the heat-conduction coefficient tend to zero. Moreover, the uniform convergence rate is obtained. The main difficulty in our proof lies in the degeneracies of the density, the temperature and the temperature-dependent viscosities at the vacuum region in the zero dissipation limit.
Solvability of singular integral equations with rotations and degenerate kernels in the vanishing coefficient case
Authors: Castro L. P. , Rojas E. M. , Saitoh S. , Tuan N. M. , Tuan P. D.
Published: September 2014

By means of Riemann boundary value problems and of certain convenient systems of linear algebraic equations, this paper deals with the solvability of a class of singular integral equations with rotations and degenerate kernel within the case of a coefficient vanishing on the unit circle. All the possibilities about the index of the coefficients in the corresponding equations are considered and described in detail, and explicit formulas for their solutions are obtained. An example of application of the method is shown at the end of the last section.
Global regularity for the 2D liquid crystal model with mixed partial viscosity
Authors: Fan Jishan , Alzahrani Faris Saeed , Hayat Tasawar , Nakamura Gen , Zhou Yong
Published: September 2014

This paper proves the global existence of strong solutions of the 2D liquid crystal model when ν1= k2= 0, ν2= k1= 1 or ν1= k2= 1, ν2= k1= 0. We also prove some regularity criteria when ν1= k1= 1, ν2= k2= 0 or ν1= k1= 0, ν2= k2= 1.
ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENTERPRISES IN LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Authors: TROILO MICHAEL LOUIS
Published: September 2014

This study investigates the adoption of technological innovation in a least-developed economy: Lao People's Democratic Republic. World Bank Survey data encompassing nearly 380 enterprises from 2009 and 2012 were used to analyze the effects of collaboration between smaller domestic firms and larger firms, both foreign and domestic. Collaboration with larger firms is statistically significant for adopting new technologies and for adopting new processes, with the former significant for sales. In addition, foreign ownership is statistically significant for sales in one of the OLS estimates. This suggests small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly the latter at this point in Lao PDR, would benefit from membership in global value/supply chains.
Role of interfacial layer thickness on high-κ dielectric-based MOS devices
Authors: Chakraborty C.
Published: September 2014

An attempt has been made to investigate the role of interfacial layer (IL) and its thickness on HfO 2-based high-κ metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics have been simulated using Sentaurus TCAD software for two different IL thicknesses and at different substrate temperatures and doping concentrations. The device performance is found to be improved for an IL thickness of 1 nm at higher temperature but deteriorates with further increase in IL thickness. The capacitance value decreases with the increase in IL thickness and a flatband voltage shift (V fb ) due to the presence of interfacial charges at IL of higher thickness is observed. The analysis of I–V curve further shows that the leakage current change is more prominent at lower temperature for different IL thickness. The temperature dependence C–V curves show that the presence of 1 nm IL makes the device more reliable at elevated temperature.
Modeling and Assessment of Long Afterglow Decay Curves
Authors: Tsai Chi-Yang , Lin Jeng-Wen , Huang Yih-Ping , Huang Yung-Chieh
Published: September 2014

Multiple exponential equations have been successfully fitted to experimental long afterglow decay curve data for some phosphor materials by previous researchers. The calculated decay constants in such equations are used to assess the phosphorescence characteristics of an object. This study generates decay constants from experimental test data and from existing literature for comparison. It shows that the decay constants of an object may not be invariant and that they are dependent on phosphor material, temperature, irradiation intensity, sample thickness, and phosphor density for samples. In addition, the use of different numbers of exponential components in interpretation leads to different numerical results for decay constants. The relationship between the calculated decay constants and the afterglow characteristics of an object is studied and discussed in this paper. The appearance of the luminescence intensity is less correlated to the decay constants than to the time-invariant constants in an equation.
Design and Analysis of a Split Deswirl Vane in a Two-Stage Refrigeration Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Huang Jeng-Min , Tsai Yue-Hann
Published: September 2014

This study numerically investigated the influence of using the second row of a double-row deswirl vane as the inlet guide vane of the second stage on the performance of the first stage in a two-stage refrigeration centrifugal compressor. The working fluid was R134a, and the turbulence model was the Spalart-Allmaras model. The parameters discussed included the cutting position of the deswirl vane, the staggered angle of two rows of vane, and the rotation angle of the second row. The results showed that the performance of staggered angle 7.5° was better than that of 15° or 22.5°. When the staggered angle was 7.5°, the performance of cutting at 1/3 and 1/2 of the original deswirl vane length was slightly different from that of the original vane but obviously better than that of cutting at 2/3. When the staggered angle was 15°, the cutting position influenced the performance slightly. At a low flow rate prone to surge, when the second row at a staggered angle 7.5° cutting at the half of vane rotated 10°, the efficiency was reduced by only about 0.6%, and 10% of the swirl remained as the preswirl of the second stage, which is generally better than other designs.
Soil Acidobacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences Reveal Subgroup Level Differences between Savanna-Like Cerrado and Atlantic Forest Brazilian Biomes
Authors: Catão Elisa C. P. , Lopes Fabyano A. C. , Araújo Janaína F. , de Castro Alinne P. , Barreto Cristine C. , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. , Quirino Betania F. , Krüger Ricardo H.
Published: September 2014

16S rRNA sequences from the phylum Acidobacteria have been commonly reported from soil microbial communities, including those from the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) and the Atlantic Forest biomes, two biomes that present contrasting characteristics of soil and vegetation. Using 16S rRNA sequences, the present work aimed to study acidobacterial diversity and distribution in soils of Cerrado savanna and two Atlantic forest sites. PCA and phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the acidobacterial communities found in “Mata de galeria” forest soil samples from the Cerrado biome have a tendency to separate from the other Cerrado vegetation microbial communities in the direction of those found in the Atlantic Forest, which is correlated with a high abundance of Acidobacteria subgroup 2 (GP2). Environmental conditions seem to promote a negative correlation between GP2 and subgroup 1 (GP1) abundance. Also GP2 is negatively correlated to pH, but positively correlated to high Al3+concentrations. The Cerrado soil showed the lowest Acidobacteria richness and diversity indexes of OTUs at the species and subgroups levels when compared to Atlantic Forest soils. These results suggest specificity of acidobacterial subgroups to soils of different biomes and are a starting point to understand their ecological roles, a topic that needs to be further explored.
Rituximab Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Clinical Study of Six Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Maka Vinayak V. , Subramanian Murali , Chitrapur Rohith , Kilara Nalini
Published: September 2014

Background. Rituximab-induced lung disease (R-ILD) is a rare entity that should be considered in patients treated with rituximab who present with dyspnea, fever, and cough but no clear evidence of infection. Aim. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study is to describe the clinical presentation, management, and response to rechallenge in patients diagnosed with rituximab induced ILD over a period of one year. Results. Out of sixteen patients with CD20 positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who received rituximab along with standard chemotherapy, six patients developed features suggestive of R-ILD. Four (66.6%) of these patients had diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The median time of presentation of R-ILD was after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy. Three patients (50%) presented with acute onset of high fever, dyspnea, and dry cough while the remaining three presented with insidious onset of dyspnea and dry cough. An infectious etiology for the respiratory illness was ruled out in all patients with an exhaustive work-up. Four patients (66.6%) responded to corticosteroid treatment and supplemental oxygen. One patient required mechanical ventilation and succumbed to ILD while another required prolonged supplemental oxygen. Two (33.3%) of patients were successfully rechallenged with rituximab under cover of corticosteroids. Conclusions. Rituximab induced lung disease is a rare but potentially fatal pulmonary toxicity which requires a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and treatment.