bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Subspecialty Fellowship Clinical Training Project: Current Fellows
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Dunham Kelly M. , Moran Lauren M. , Spera Laura , McGuinness Gail A. , Stevenson David K.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND:

The American Board of Pediatrics certifies physicians in general pediatrics and 14 pediatric subspecialties. Historically, all subspecialties have a standard pathway of training that is 3 years in duration to ensure time for both clinical and scholarly training and experience. In 2004, the American Board of Pediatrics expanded the scope for scholarly activity in fellowship training to include the assignment of each fellow to a Scholarship Oversight Committee and the completion of a scholarly activities core curriculum across subspecialties.

METHODS:

We conducted a national survey of all current fellows in 13 pediatric subspecialties who took the subspecialty in-training examination (N = 3551). Overall, 86% of all pediatric fellows in the United States sit for the examination.

RESULTS:

The majority (65%; N = 2178) believe the minimum 12-month expectation for clinical training is appropriate for their specific subspecialty. The majority of fellows (59%; N = 1984) do not agree that the amount of scholarly activity should be the same for all fellows in their respective subspecialties regardless of career path (ie, primarily clinical versus primarily research). Half (50%; N = 1661) posited that the required duration of training, regardless of career path, should remain at 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Balancing the components of subspecialty training is an important and probably never-ending quest. As changes in the health care system and care delivery organization continue, what we expect and need from our subspecialists, from the perspectives of the profession, the health care delivery system, and the public, will probably vary over time.
Wettability of cement and pozzolan particle surfaces
Authors: Demirer Ayça , Yılmaz Bulent
Published: May 2014

This study investigated the concept of wettability, which defines the interaction between a liquid and a solid, on the basis of sustainability for reference cements, pozzolans and blended cements. Chemical, physical, mineralogical and electromagnetic analyses of samples were conducted. The free surface energy components were defined with the van Oss, Chaudhury and Good equation and the contact angles of the samples were determined using the thin layer wicking method. The results obtained show that, while particle charges were effective at the beginning of hydration, surface energy components were effective throughout the hydration process and wettability depended on the charge and energy components of particle surfaces as well as physicochemical features.
Assessing impacts of the private sewer transfer on UK utilities
Authors: Ward Ben , Selby Andrew , Gee Simon , Rosser Steve , Savić Dragan
Published: May 2014

In October 2011, Section 105A (S105A) of the Water Act of 2003 transferred the ownership of previously privately owned sewers to the ten water and sewerage companies operating in England and Wales. In light of this recent legislative change, this paper discusses the asset management challenges associated with the private sewer transfer before exploring a decision-making framework used by South West Water to establish a more accurate understanding of the extent and likely condition of their newly transferred network. The framework has allowed South West Water to initiate a proactive asset management programme with the aim of addressing the deteriorating condition of these assets while also tackling their associated serviceability performance. Initially, a number of geospatial (GIS) tools are used to provide an estimate of the likely extent of the transferred network before a well-established public sewer deterioration model is used to predict the condition and operational performance of these S105A assets over time. The outputs from this study have better equipped decision makers with information surrounding the deterioration and collapse rates of these newly transferred sewers over time. The information has been used to help formulate strategic business planning decisions, for example, by using cost vs. benefit analysis tools to model different investment scenarios across the network.
The effect of alkali–silica reaction on strength and ductility analyses of RC beams
Authors: Hajighasemali Saeid , Ramezanianpour Aliakbar , Kashefizadeh Mohammadhossein
Published: May 2014

Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) causes an increase in concrete volume and results in its failure. The effect of ASR on the strength, ductility and deformability of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under sustained load was investigated in this research. In total, 12 reinforced beam specimens, six with reactive aggregate (R beams) and six with non-reactive aggregate (N beams), were loaded and kept in a suitable environment for 360 d. Flexural loading tests were then carried out and the attributed deflections subsequently analysed with respect to total applied load to check the strength, stiffness, reinforcement yielding load and the ultimate load of the specimens due to ASR. Ductility and deformability analyses were conducted using related parameters. The experimental results indicate that ASR has a considerable effect on the R beams (where cracks occurred at lower loads) and, in the condition of loading up to ultimate load, the N beams were stronger than their equivalent R beams. Likewise, in R beams under load, there was a loss of toughness owing to loss of flexural stiffness. It was also found that, for both compression steel and a higher ratio of tension steel in the beams, the flexural behaviour of R beams and N beams will be quite similar. Furthermore, despite losses in the ductility of most of the R beams, failure of these beams was ductile with sufficient warning.
Amphibians in the climate vise: loss and restoration of resilience of montane wetland ecosystems in the western US
Authors: Ryan Maureen E , Palen Wendy J , Adams Michael J , Rochefort Regina M
Published: May 2014

Wetlands in the remote mountains of the western US have undergone two massive ecological “experiments” spanning the 20th century. Beginning in the late 1800s and expanding after World War II, fish and wildlife managers intentionally introduced millions of predatory trout (primarily Oncorhynchus spp) into fishless mountain ponds and lakes across the western states. These new top predators, which now occupy 95% of large mountain lakes, have limited the habitat distributions of native frogs, salamanders, and wetland invertebrates to smaller, more ephemeral ponds where trout do not survive. Now a second “experiment” – anthropogenic climate change – threatens to eliminate many of these ephemeral habitats and shorten wetland hydroperiods. Caught between climate‐induced habitat loss and predation from introduced fish, native mountain lake fauna of the western US – especially amphibians – are at risk of extirpation. Targeted fish removals, guided by models of how wetlands will change under future climate scenarios, provide innovative strategies for restoring resilience of wetland ecosystems to climate change.
Developing a Sustainability Performance Assessment Tool for Public Funded Projects According to Policies and Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Wang Yousong , Yi Honglei , Fang Mian
Published: May 2014

Sustainable principles have been applied in many sectors including the construction industry. In light of this requirement,
delivery and operation of public funded projects have been given particular attention since they are seen as
benchmarks in this industry and possess more significant impact on economy, environment, society, resource utilization,
health and safety, as well as project governance. Current studies on assessing sustainability performance of these projects
are found to have some gaps. By calculating the sustainability performance indicator, the research reported in this paper
introduced an improved System Dynamic model addressing the impact of policies and stakeholders’ perceptions based on
the previous studies. In addition, the improved model alters the way in which sustainability performance indicator evolves
to make it more precise. A real stadium project in Shenzhen, China is presented to illustrate the application of the improved
model in appraising the sustainability performance of public funded projects. The case study also reveals the aspects
to be enhanced to make the sustainability performance better in this project.
Efficacy of orally administered maropitant citrate in preventing vomiting associated with hydromorphone administration in dogs
Authors: Hay Kraus Bonnie L.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of orally administered maropitant citrate in preventing vomiting after hydromorphone hydrochloride administration in dogs.

Design—Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical study.

Animals—40 dogs with American Society of Anesthesiologists status of I or II, > 6 months of age, and weighing between 24 and 58.2 kg (52.8 and 128.04 lb).

Procedures—Dogs were randomly selected to receive maropitant (2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg [0.9 to 1.8 mg/lb]) or placebo (lactose monohydrate) orally 2 hours prior to receiving hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], IM). A blinded observer recorded the occurrence of vomiting or signs of nausea (eg, salivation or lip-licking) during a 30-minute period after hydromorphone administration. Two-tailed Fisher exact tests were used to compare the incidences of vomiting and signs of nausea with or without vomiting between treatment groups.

Results—Of the 20 dogs receiving maropitant, none vomited but 12 (60%) developed signs of nausea. Of the 20 dogs receiving placebo, 5 (25%) vomited and 11 (55%) developed signs of nausea; overall, 16 of 20 (80%) dogs in the placebo treatment group vomited or developed signs of nausea. Compared with the effects of placebo, maropitant significantly decreased the incidence of vomiting but not signs of nausea in dogs administered hydromorphone.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Among the 40 study dogs, the incidence of vomiting associated with hydromorphone administration was 25%. Oral administration of maropitant prevented vomiting but not signs of nausea associated with hydromorphone administration in dogs.
Comparison of rectal and axillary temperatures in dogs and cats
Authors: Goic Joana B. , Reineke Erica L. , Drobatz Kenneth J.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To compare rectal versus axillary temperatures in dogs and cats.

Design—Prospective observational study.

Animals—94 dogs and 31 cats.

Procedures—Paired axillary and rectal temperatures were measured in random order with a standardized method. Animal signalment, initial complaint, blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, and variables associated with vascular perfusion and coat were evaluated for associations with axillary and rectal temperatures.

Results—Axillary temperature was positively correlated with rectal temperature (ρ = 0.75 in both species). Median axillary temperature (38.4°C [101.1°F] in dogs, and 38.4°C [101.2°F] in cats) was significantly different from median rectal temperature in dogs (38.9°C [102.0°F]) but not in cats (38.6°C [101.5°F]). Median rectal-axillary gradient (difference) was 0.4°C (0.7°F; range, −1.3° to 2.3°C [−2.4° to 4.1°F]) in dogs and 0.17°C (0.3°F; range −1.1° to 1.6°C [−1.9° to 3°F]) in cats. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of hyperthermia with axillary temperature were 57% and 100%, respectively, in dogs and 33% and 100%, respectively, in cats; sensitivity and specificity for detection of hypothermia were 86% and 87%, respectively, in dogs and 80% and 96%, respectively, in cats. Body weight (ρ = 0.514) and body condition score (ρ = 0.431) were correlated with rectal-axillary gradient in cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although axillary and rectal temperatures were correlated in dogs and cats, a large gradient was present between rectal temperature and axillary temperature, suggesting that axillary temperature should not be used as a substitute for rectal temperature.
Clinical findings in dogs with incidental adrenal gland lesions determined by ultrasonography: 151 cases (2007–2010)
Authors: Cook Audrey K. , Spaulding Kathy A. , Edwards John F.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To determine the prevalence of and clinical features associated with incidental adrenal gland lesions (IAGLs) discovered during abdominal ultrasonography in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—151 dogs with an IAGL and 400 control dogs.

Procedures—Reports of ultrasonographic examinations of the abdomen of dogs performed during a 3.5-year period were reviewed. Adrenal glands were classified as having an IAGL if a nodule or mass was described or the width of either gland was ≥ 10 mm. For dogs with an IAGL, information regarding signalment, concurrent disorders, and outcome was obtained from the medical record. Findings were compared with those in a control population of 400 dogs examined during the same period.

Results—An IAGL was detected in 151 of 3,748 (4%) dogs. Dogs with an IAGL were significantly older (median age, 11.25 years) and heavier (median body weight, 21 kg [46.2 lb]) than the control population (median age, 9.5 years; median body weight, 14 kg [30.8 lb]). Malignant tumors were reported in 6 of 20 (30%) dogs that underwent adrenal glandectomy or necropsy and had a maximum IAGL dimension that ranged from 20 to 46 mm; benign lesions all had a maximum dimension < 20 mm. Various coincidental conditions were reported in dogs with an IAGL, including nonadrenal gland malignant neoplasia in 43 (28.5%) dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IAGLs were more likely in dogs ≥ 9 years of age. On the basis of this small data set, malignancy should be suspected for IAGLs ≥ 20 mm in maximum dimension.
Use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids: 30 cases (2007–2013)
Authors: Lund Caleb M. , Ragle Claude A. , Lutter J. Dylan , Farnsworth Kelly D.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To describe the use of a motorized morcellator for elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing equids and to evaluate long-term outcome.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—30 equids (20 horses, 9 mules, and 1 pony).

Procedures—Medical records of equids undergoing elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy from 2007 to 2013 were evaluated. Cases were selected on the basis of use of a motorized morcellator for ovary extraction. Data collected included age, breed, reason for surgery, surgery date, surgical approach, intraoperative complications, surgery and morcellation times, postoperative complications, and duration of hospitalization. Long-term follow-up was obtained by telephone interview with owners, and included effectiveness at resolving original reason for surgery, time to return to usual activity, incision site appearance, signs of estrus after surgery, and overall owner satisfaction.

Results—30 equids underwent laparoscopic bilateral ovariectomy with the morcellator technique. Median surgery time was 102 minutes (range, 47 to 150 minutes). Median single ovary morcellation time was 3.5 minutes (range, 2 to 8 minutes). Intraoperative complications occurred in 2 of 30 cases and included iatrogenic organ damage (uterus; 1) and persistent hemorrhage (1). Nineteen of 20 mares for which long-term follow-up was available returned to their previous use at a median of 60 days after surgery (range, 21 to 180 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study indicated that use of a mechanical morcellator with a 2-portal technique for bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in clinically normal equids eliminated the need for a larger laparotomy incision as well as a third portal. Few complications occurred, and clients were satisfied with the procedure. The morcellator technique may offer advantages over other techniques but should only be used by experienced laparoscopic surgeons following adequate training.
Functional and Social Limitations After Facial Palsy: Expanded and Independent Validation of the Italian Version of the Facial Disability Index
Authors: Pavese Chiara , Cecini Miriam , Camerino Nora , De Silvestri Annalisa , Tinelli Carmine , Bejor Maurizio , Dalla Toffola Elena
Published: May 2014

Background

The Facial Disability Index (FDI) is widely used for self-assessment of functional impairment and quality of life in patients with facial palsy.

Objective

The study aim was to complete the validation of the FDI by generating an Italian version (IT-FDI) and evaluating its clinimetric properties.

Design

This was a longitudinal, observational measurement study.

Methods

The questionnaire was translated, cross-culturally adapted, and administered to 100 consecutive participants (outpatients) with facial palsy. The clinical severity of facial palsy, impairments in physical and social function, and quality of life were evaluated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, IT-FDI, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.

Results

The IT-FDI showed excellent test-retest reliability for every item and for total scores (intraclass correlation coefficients of .93 and .84 for physical function subscale and social/well-being function subscale, respectively). The IT-FDI confirmed the high internal consistency of the original version, with theta coefficients of .82 for the physical function subscale and .78 for the social/well-being function subscale. The physical function subscale correlated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System composite score (r=.44), and the social/well-being function subscale correlated with the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey mental component (r=.55). The IT-FDI confirmed the good responsiveness of the original version, as expressed by effect size, standardized response mean, and responsiveness ratio of, respectively, 1, 1.03, and 1.21 for the physical function subscale and 0.75, 0.83, and 1.15 for the social/well-being function subscale.

Limitations

Responsiveness was evaluated with a limited number of participants.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated the test-retest reliability for all items of the FDI and confirmed its internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness with an independent and larger clinical subset. This study completes the validation of the FDI and provides the first validated questionnaire in Italian for assessment of disability and quality of life specifically in patients with facial palsy.
Advanced Cathode Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Based on Pt/ Metal Oxides: From Model Electrodes to Catalyst Systems
Authors: Fabbri Emiliana , Pătru Alexandra , Rabis Annett , Kötz Rüdiger , Schmidt Thomas J.
Published: May 2014

The development of stable catalyst systems for application at the cathode side of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) requires the substitution of the state-of-the-art carbon supports with materials showing high corrosion resistance in a strongly oxidizing environment. Metal oxides
in their highest oxidation state can represent viable support materials for the next generation PEFC cathodes. In the present work a multilevel approach has been adopted to investigate the kinetics and the activity of Pt nanoparticles supported on SnO2-based metal oxides. Particularly,
model electrodes made of SnO2 thin films supporting Pt nanoparticles, and porous catalyst systems made of Pt nanoparticles supported on Sb-doped SnO2 high surface area powders have been investigated. The present results indicate that SnO2-based supports do
not modify the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism on the Pt nanoparticle surface, but rather lead to catalysts with enhanced specific activity compared to Pt/carbon systems. Different reasons for the enhancement in the specific activity are considered and discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoaffinity Probes that Target the 5-HT3 Receptor
Authors: Jack Thomas , Ruepp Marc-David , Thompson Andrew J. , Mühlemann Oliver , Lochner Martin
Published: May 2014

The 5-HT3 receptor is one of several ion channels responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Until now, it has been difficult to characterize transmembrane receptors with classical structural biology approaches like X-ray
crystallography. The use of photoaffinity probes is an alternative approach to identify regions in the protein where small molecules bind. To this end, we present two photoaffinity probes based on granisetron, a well known antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor. These new probes show
nanomolar binding affinity for the orthosteric binding site. In addition, we investigated their reactivity using irradiation experiments.
Direct Synthesis of Stereodefined and Functionalized Dienes as Valuable Building Blocks
Authors: Maulide Nuno , Souris Caroline , Frébault Frédéric , Luparia Marco , Audisio Davide
Published: May 2014

We have reported a direct and stereoselective synthesis of functionalized dienoic carboxylates from the simple bicyclic lactone 1. The use of oxygen- or nitrogen-based nucleophiles in a domino allylic alkylation/4?-electrocyclic ring opening affords reliable access
to dienes with interesting functionalities. Alternatively, halide substitution offers synthesis of other classes of functionalized dienoic acids. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of such dienoic products as key building blocks in various transformations as well as natural product synthesis.
Peptide Nucleic Acid – An Opportunity for Bio-Nanotechnology
Authors: Anstaett Philipp , Gasser Gilles
Published: May 2014

DNA is a major player in the field of bio-nanotechnology and many interesting applications have been realized using this oligonucleotide. In contrast, the use of peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which is a non-natural, neutral analogue of DNA with superior hybridization strengths compared
to DNA, is still in its infancy in bio-nanotechnology. However, as demonstrated in this short review using selected studies, promising examples demonstrating the tremendous opportunities that PNA can offer for bio-nanotechnology were recently described.
Evaluation of complications and neurological deficits with three-column spine reconstructions for complex spinal deformity: a retrospective Scoli-RISK-1 study
Authors: Kelly Michael P. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P. , Carreon Leah Y. , Lafage Virginie , Smith Justin S. , Shimer Adam L.
Published: May 2014

Object

The goal in this study was to evaluate the risk factors for complications, including new neurological deficits, in the largest cohort of patients with adult spinal deformity to date.

Methods

The Scoli-RISK-1 inclusion criteria were used to identify eligible patients from 5 centers who were treated between June 1, 2009, and June 1, 2011. Records were reviewed for patient demographic information, surgical data, and reports of perioperative complications. Neurological deficits were recorded as preexisting or as new deficits. Patients who underwent 3-column osteotomies (3COs) were compared with those who did not (posterior spinal fusion [PSF]). Between-group comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests and chi-square analyses.

Results

Two hundred seven patients were identified—75 who underwent PSF and 132 treated with 3CO. In the latter group, patients were older (58.9 vs 49.4 years, p < 0.001), had a higher body mass index (29.0 vs 25.8, p = 0.029), smaller preoperative coronal Cobb measurements (33.8° vs 56.4°, p < 0.001), more preoperative sagittal malalignment (11.7 cm vs 5.4 cm, p < 0.001), and similar sagittal Cobb measurements (45.8° vs 57.7°, p = 0.113). Operating times were similar (393 vs 423 minutes, p = 0.130), although patients in the 3CO group sustained higher estimated blood loss (2120 vs 1700 ml, p = 0.066). Rates of new neurological deficits were similar (PSF: 6.7% vs 3CO: 9.9%, p = 0.389), and rates of any perioperative medical complication were similar (PSF: 46.7% vs 3CO: 50.8%, p = 0.571). Patients who underwent vertebral column resection (VCR) were more likely to sustain medical complications than those treated with pedicle subtraction osteotomy (73.7% vs 46.9%, p = 0.031), although new neurological deficits were similar (15.8% vs 8.8%, p = 0.348). Regression analysis did not reveal significant predictors of neurological injury or complication from collected data.

Conclusions

Despite higher estimated blood loss, rates of all complications (49.3%) and new neurological deficits (8.7%) did not vary for patients who underwent complex reconstruction, whether or not a 3CO was performed. Patients who underwent VCR sustained more medical complications without an increase in new neurological deficits. Prospective studies of patient factors, provider factors, and refined surgical data are needed to define and optimize risk factors for complication and neurological deficits.
Radiographic and clinical outcomes following combined lateral lumbar interbody fusion and posterior segmental stabilization in patients with adult degenerative scoliosis
Authors: Tempel Zachary J. , Gandhoke Gurpreet S. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S.
Published: May 2014

Object

A hybrid approach of minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) followed by supplementary open posterior segmental instrumented fusion (PSIF) has shown promising early results in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis. Studies assessing the impact of this combined approach on correction of segmental and regional coronal angulation, sagittal realignment, maximum Cobb angle, restoration of lumbar lordosis, and clinical outcomes are needed. The authors report their results of this approach for correction of adult degenerative scoliosis.

Methods

Twenty-six patients underwent combined LLIF and PSIF in a staged fashion. The patient population consisted of 21 women and 5 men. Ages ranged from 40 to 77 years old. Radiographic measurements including coronal angulation, pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertical axis were taken preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively in all patients. Concurrently, the visual analog score (VAS) for back and leg pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were used to assess clinical outcomes in 19 patients.

Results

At 1-year follow-up, all patients who underwent combined LLIF and PSIF achieved statistically significant mean improvement in regional coronal angles (from 14.9° to 5.8°, p < 0.01) and segmental coronal angulation at all operative levels (p < 0.01). The maximum Cobb angle was significantly reduced postoperatively (from 41.1° to 15.1°, p < 0.05) and was maintained at follow-up (12.0°, p < 0.05). The mean lumbar lordosis–pelvic incidence mismatch was significantly improved postoperatively (from 15.0° to 6.92°, p < 0.05). Although regional lumbar lordosis improved (from 43.0° to 48.8°), it failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). The mean sagittal vertical axis was significantly improved postoperatively (from 59.5 mm to 34.2 mm, p < 0.01). The following scores improved significantly after surgery: VAS for back pain (from 7.5 to 4.3, p < 0.01) and leg pain (from 5.8 to 3.1, p < 0.01), ODI (from 48 to 38, p < 0.01), and PCS (from 27.5 to 35.0, p = 0.01); the MCS score did not improve significantly (from 43.2 to 45.5, p = 0.37). There were 3 major and 10 minor complications.

Conclusions

A hybrid approach of minimally invasive LLIF and open PSIF is an effective means of achieving correction of both coronal and sagittal deformity, resulting in improvement of quality of life in patients with adult degenerative scoliosis.
Less invasive surgery for treating adult spinal deformities: ceiling effects for deformity correction with 3 different techniques
Authors: Wang Michael Y. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Anand Neel , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S. , La Marca Frank , Fessler Richard , Uribe Juan , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lafage Virginie , Haque Raqeeb M. , Deviren Vedat , Mundis Gregory M.
Published: May 2014

Object

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) options for the treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD) have advanced significantly over the past decade. However, a wide array of options have been described as being MIS or less invasive. In this study the authors investigated a multiinstitutional cohort of patients with ASD who were treated with less invasive methods to determine the extent of deformity correction achieved.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of multicenter prospectively collected data in 85 consecutive patients with ASD undergoing MIS surgery. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age older than 45 years; minimum 20° coronal lumbar Cobb angle; and 1 year of follow-up. Procedures were classified as follows: 1) stand-alone (n = 7); 2) circumferential MIS (n = 43); or 3) hybrid (n = 35).

Results

An average of 4.2 discs (range 3–7) were fused, with a mean follow-up duration of 26.1 months in this study. For the stand-alone group the preoperative Cobb range was 22°–51°, with 57% greater than 30° and 28.6% greater than 50°. The mean Cobb angle improved from 35.7° to 30°. A ceiling effect of 23° for curve correction was observed, regardless of preoperative curve severity. For the circumferential MIS group the preoperative Cobb range was 19°–62°, with 44% greater than 30° and 5% greater than 50°. The mean Cobb angle improved from 32° to 12°. A ceiling effect of 34° for curve correction was observed. For the hybrid group the preoperative Cobb range was 23°–82°, with 74% greater than 30° and 23% greater than 50°. The mean Cobb angle improved from 43° to 15°. A ceiling effect of 55° for curve correction was observed.

Conclusions

Specific procedures for treating ASD have particular limitations for scoliotic curve correction. Less invasive techniques were associated with a reduced ability to straighten the spine, particularly with advanced curves. These data can guide preoperative technique selection when treating patients with ASD.
Principal n-Ideals which Form Generalized Stone Nearlattices
Authors: Akhter Shiuly , Noor A.S.A
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we give several characterizations of those  Pn(S) which are generalized Stone nearlattices in terms of n-ideals. We show that when n is a central element of a nearlattice S and Pn(S) is a sectionally pseudocomplemented distributive nearlattice, then Pn(S) is generalized Stone if and only if for any x?S, n+ V n++ = S. Moreover, when Pn(S) is sectionally pseudocomplemented distributive nearlattice, then we prove that Pn(S) is generalized Stone if and only if each prime n-ideal contains a unique minimal prime n-ideal.Keywords: Principal n-ideal; Minimal prime n-ideal; Central element; Generalized Stone nearlattice.© 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.10818J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 233-241 (2014)
Analysis of Combined Convection in an Open Cavity under Constant Heat Flux Boundary Conditions and Magnetic Field Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Kalam A. , Munshi J. H. , Rahman M. , Chowdhury M. M. K.
Published: May 2014

This study investigated the effects of the aspect ratio of the cavity for average fluid temperature at exit port, average Nusselt number, maximum temperature of the fluid in the domain, drag coefficient, isotherms and streamlines on behalf of different Hartmann numbers and Rayleigh numbers. Solution of governing equations of momentum and energy has been made by finite element technique. Above mentioned parameters such as an aspect ratio which is cavity height to cavity length change from Ar = 0.5 to 2 for different Rayleigh numbers and Hartmann numbers which change from Ra = 103 to 105 and Ha = 0 to 50 respectively. Prandtl number Pr = 7 and Reynolds number Re = 100 is fixed in this simulation. It is found that variation of the aspect ratio makes an important effect for higher values of Rayleigh numbers. Heat transfer enhances with increasing of aspect ratio. Increasing of Hartmann number decreases the heat transfer inside the cavity.  Keywords: Temperature boundary conditions; Open cavity; Aspect ratio; Finite element methods.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.14505 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 243-256 (2014)
Significance of Fermented Food in Nutrition and Food Science
Authors: Hasan M. N. , Sultan M. Z. , Mar-E-Um M.
Published: May 2014

Fermenting foods can make poorly digested, reactive foods into health giving foods. The process of fermentation destroys many of the harmful microorganisms and chemicals in foods and adds beneficial bacteria. These bacteria produce new enzymes to assist in the digestion. Foods that benefit from fermentation are soy products, dairy products, grains, and some vegetables. The beneficial effect of fermented food which contains probiotic organism consumption includes: improving intestinal tract health, enhancing the immune system, synthesizing and enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients, reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals, and reducing risk of certain cancers. This article provides an overview of the different starter cultures and health benefits of fermented food products, which can be derived by the consumers through their regular intake.Keywords: Fermentation; Fermented food; Starter cultures; Probiotics; Nutritional benefits.© 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.16530 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 373-386 (2014)
Solitary Wave Solutions of Some Coupled Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Khan K. , Akbar M. A.
Published: May 2014

In this article, the modified simple equation (MSE) method has been executed to find the traveling wave solutions of the coupled (1+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup (BK) equations and the dispersive long wave (DLW) equations. The efficiency of the method for finding exact solutions has been demonstrated. It has been shown that the method is direct, effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) in mathematical physics. Moreover, this procedure reduces the large volume of calculations.  Keywords: MSE method; NLEE; BK equations; DLW equations; Solitary wave solutions. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.16671 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 273-284 (2014)
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Quraishi N. , Bhosale U. , Yegnanarayan R. , Devasthale D.
Published: May 2014

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by studentst-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)
Taxonomic Status of Cinnamomum alexei (Lauraceae)
Authors: Kumar E. E. S , Jabbar M. A.
Published: May 2014

Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm. has been reinstated to its original status as a distinct species from C. verum J.S. Presl, provided with a short taxonomic diagnosis.Keywords: Taxonomic note; Cinnamomum alexei; C. verum; Lauraceae, India.© 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17091 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 395-397 (2014)
Influence of Magnetohydrodynamic and Thermal Radiation Boundary Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Reddy M. G.
Published: May 2014

The problem of laminar fluid flow which results from a permeable stretching of a flat surface in a nanofluid with the effects of heat radiation, magnetic field, velocity slip and convective boundary conditions have been investigated. The transport equations used in the analysis took into account the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. The solution for the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration depends on parameters viz. thermal radiation parameter R, magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, velocity slip parameter A convection and Biot numbe Bi. Similarity transformation is used to convert the governing non-linear boundary-layer equations into coupled higher order non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are numerically solved using fourth order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. An analysis has been carried out to elucidate the effects of governing parameters corresponding to various physical conditions. Numerical results are obtained for distributions of velocity, temperature and concentration, as well as, for the skin friction, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number for several values of governing parameters. Keywords: Nanofluid, Boundary layer flow; Stretching sheet; Thermal radiation; MHD; Velocity slip; Convective boundary. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17233 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 257-272 (2014)
Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Cu-Mg Ferrites
Authors: Akhter Shahida , Paul D.P. , Saha D.K. , Hoque S.M. , Hakim M.A.
Published: May 2014

Cu1-xMgxFe2O4 ferrites with (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) has been synthesized by double sintering ceramic technique at 11500C for 2hr and investigated for their structure, microstructure, complex permeability behaviour, DC and AC resistivity, dielectric constant measurements. X-ray analysis indicated the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure for all samples and the lattice parameter was found to decrease with increasing Mg content. Grain size was found to decrease from 34.36 to 4.16 mm with the increase of Mg contents. The real part of initial permeability (??) remained constant up to certain lower range of frequency after it decreased slightly to lower value of permeability at which imaginary part of permeability (?²) showed a maximum value. The decrease of ?? is observed with the increase of Mg content which is attributed to a decrease of grain size. DC electrical resistivity and dielectric constant decreased with increasing Mg content and AC resistivity decreased with increasing frequency, exhibiting normal ferrimagnetic behaviour. The observed variation of electrical and dielectric properties has been explained on the basis of the electronic hopping frequency between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in present samples.  Keywords: Ferrites; XRD; Micrographs; Complex permeability; DC resistivity.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17351 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 205-215 (2014)
Перевод, парафраз и метр в древних славянских кондаках, I : Метрика древней церковнославян- ской поэзии в исследованиях XIX–XXI вв. [Translation, Paraphrase and Metrics in Old Church Slavonic Kontakia, I. Metrics of Old Church Slavonic Poetry : A Critical Survey of Studies of the 19th-21st Centuries]
Authors: Krivko Roman Nikolaevič
Published: May 2014

Traduction, paraphrase et métrique dans les kontakia slavons I. La métrique de la poésie slavonne dans les travaux des XIXe, XXe

et XXIe siècles

L’article décrit deux orientations fondamentales apparues dans l’étude de la métrique de la poésie slavonne liturgique et paraliturgique. La première prend forme dans les travaux d’Aleksej Ivanovič Sobolevskij, qui examina la métrique «des anciennes poésies religieuses » en les confrontant à leurs modèles byzantins. La seconde fut fondée par Roman Jakobson, qui voyait dans la métrique de l’hymnographie religieuse slavonne des liens avec la poésie folkorique. C’est cette seconde orientation qui s’est développée pendant de nombreuses années, ce qui eut pour effet l’ «isolement philologique » de la question, de part et d’autre du rideau de fer, au cours du troisième quart du

XXe siècle. Cet «isolement » donna lieu en particulier à des représentations erronées du «vers du kondak, ou vers liturgique » , selon lesquelles celui-ci n’aurait rien de commun avec la métrique du kontakon byzantin. La solution philologique correcte de cette question consiste à mettre au jour les lois d’adaptation de la métrique byzantine en terrain slave en relation avec l’interprétation musicale des hymnes liturgiques, et en replaçant cette étude dans le cadre de l’histoire de la traduction vers le slavon. L’article présente un aperçu des études récentes qui apportent une solution correcte à l’histoire de la première métrique slavonne. Il fournit également la liste des textes hymnographiques et paraliturgiques qui reproduisent la métrique de leurs modèles byzantins.
V. K. Trediakovskij et les théories françaises du bon usage aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles [V. K. Trediakovskij and the French Theories About the ‘Good Usage’ During the 17th and 18th Centuries]
Authors: Vlassov Sergueï
Published: May 2014

V. K. Trediakovskij and the French Theories About the ‘ Good Usage’ During the 17th and 18th Centuries

This article questions a rather widespread interpretation of the ‘ Good Usage’ as seen by the early Trediakovskij. According to this interpretation, which is curiously based on a statement of the late Trediakovskij, the ideas of the young Russian scholar were dependent on Vaugelas and Buffier’s theories concerning ‘ Good Usage’. Several elements from Trediakovskij’s biography and his conception of rational purism speak more in favour of a direct influence on the late, but also on the early Trediakovskij, of the linguistic theories of the supporters of Port-Royal. Our study also brings into relief the different sources of Trediakovskij’s Discourse on Eloquence (1745) and the hidden controversy between the Russian philologist and Bernard Lamy’s ideas on the origin of the diversity of individual styles.
Une Europe pleine de ploucs ? Les Nouvelles- Abdères en Europe centrale ou la Concession à la trivialité [A Europe Full of Dunces : The Neo-Abderas in Central Europe or the Concession to Triviality]
Authors: Galmiche Xavier
Published: May 2014

Evropa plná hlupáků Neoabdérství ve střední Evropě aneb Přizpůsobit se trivialitě

Město Abdéry, proslulé v antice hloupostí svých obyvatel, se stalo terčem ironických komentářů filozofa Lukiána ; jakožto „ město hlupáků“ bylo v Evropě znovuobjevováno od renezance do konce 18. století. Abdérský motiv se pro všechny evropské kultury stal příležitostí k zesměšnění epigonství a snobismu, typických pro „ šosáky“ 18. století, pro „ maloměšťáky“ 19. století (a pro ty, jež francouzská kultura nazývá „ ploucs“). Zvláštní účinnosti však nabyl při aktua lizacích ve střední Evropě. Jeho nové uchopení je spojováno s osvícenským spisovatelem Christophem Martinem Wielandem, především s jeho románem Abdéřané

(1774), jehož obsah byl v prvních desetiletích 19. století ztvárněn v národních kontextech a jazycích : „ Novými Abdérami“ jsou německý Krähwinkel, maďarský Peleske, český Kocourkov, polský Ciemnogród atd. V této stati se zaměřujeme na rozbor těchto adaptací a variant v předbřeznové střední Evropě. Sestavili jsme korpus textů s tímto tématem, který je založen zejména na fraškách (v první řadě

německých, od Kotzebueho k Nestroyovi, ale i slovenských – Ján Chalupka, a srbských – Jovan Sterija Popović) a na humoristických textech od heroikomiky k prózám začínajícího satirického tisku (hlavně maďarských – József Gvadányi a József Gaál, polských – Ignacy Krasicki a

českých – Josef Jaroslav Langer a Josef Kajetán Tyl, ale i František Jaromír Rubeš). Rozebírá způsoby a postupy karikatury spojené s Novými Abdérami, které byly významnou etapou dnes neprávem opomíjené satirické tradice. Snaží se je chápat ve dvojí dimenzi : jako sociopolitický „ antimýtus“, neboť neoabdérská komika může být považována za systémovou protiváhu „ vážného“ diskurzu o národních identitách, ale i jako estetické pokušení : Nové Abdéry jsou nositeli triviality, jíž se přizpůsobili autoři, kteří tak potlačují vlastní romantický patos a zároveň anticipují integraci kýče a stylizací plebejství do literárních forem.
Les « Allemands imaginaires » d’Osip Senkovskij et Vladimir Odoevskij : un exemple d’imitation romantique [The ‘Imaginary Germans’ of Osip Senkovskij and Vladimir Odoevskij : A Case Study of Romantic Imitation]
Authors: Feuillebois Victoire
Published: May 2014

The ‘ Imaginary Germans’ of Osip Senkovsky and Vladimir Odoevskij A Case Study of Romantic Imitation

This paper explores the question of the influence of German literature and thought on two prose writers of the romantic period in Russia, Osip Senkovskij and Vladimir Odoevskij. Besides the strong intellectual influence of Germany which, as it has been often argued, constitutes the core of Russian romanticism, the article investigates the importance of being germanophile or germanophobiac in the modes of representation of the literary society during the 1820’ s to the 1840’ s. The point is to insist on the significance of the German reference not only as a sign of intimate knowledge of a foreign culture from the part of the educated society, but also as a way of expressing literary moods and transcending them. This shift in conception allows us to stress that German allusions also take the form of non serious, mundane imitations, which is used both as an instrument of distinction and as a common ground for dialogue.
A REPRODUCING KERNEL METHOD FOR SOLVING A CLASS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS OF PDES
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Mokhtari Reza
Published: May 2014

This paper is concerned with a technique for solving a class of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The analytical solution is represented in the form of series. An iterative method is given to obtain the approximate solution. The convergence analysis is established theoretically. The proposed method is successfully used for solving a coupled system of viscous Burgers’ equations and a nonlinear hyperbolic system. Performance of the method is tested in terms of various error norms. In the case of non-availability of exact solution, it is compared with the existing methods.