bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ASSOCIAÇÃO SIGNIFICANTE E SIGNIFICADO(S) A PARTIR DAS ACEPÇÕES DO VERBETE GITANO,NA NO DICIONÁRIO DA REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA: SAUSSURE E BAKHTIN E SUAS NOÇÕES DE LÍNGUA
Authors: Azevedo Cinara Leal , Da Silva Gabriela Colbeich
Published: June 2017

Neste artigo, a partir das noções saussureanas e bakhtinianas de língua, propomos-nos a examinar a situação apresentada em um vídeo intitulado #YoNoSoyTrapacero #YoNoSoyTrapacera, divulgado neste ano de 2015, pelo Consejo Estatal del Pueblo Gitano o qual faz parte de uma ação de sensibilização centrada na definição do verbete gitano,na na nova edição (23ª) do Diccionario de la Lengua Española, da Real Academia Española de la Lengua. No vídeo em questão, crianças ciganas, ao serem instigadas a ler as definições do verbete gitano,na nesse dicionário, não se mostram de acordo com a associação entre significante e significado presente em algumas acepções. A partir disso, podemos perceber que o dicionário não assegura a listagem de todas as relações possíveis entre a palavra e os conceitos aos quais remetem e, portanto, a afirmação presente no Curso de Linguística Geral (CLG) de que um dicionário e uma gramática possam representar uma língua de forma fiel (SAUSSURE, 2012) não se sustenta. Por conseguinte, necessitamos do apoio dos postulados de Bakhtin (2010), o qual acredita que todas as esferas da atividade humana, em suas variadas formas, estão sempre relacionadas com a utilização da língua, contrapondo-se a concepção de língua enquanto sistema de regras. Dessa forma, Bakhtin (2010), ajuda na compreensão das discrepâncias existentes entre as representações da palavra gitano,na.
Evidence of sub‐optimal sleep in adolescent Middle Eastern academy soccer players which is exacerbated by sleep intermission proximal to dawn†
Authors: Fowler Peter M. , Paul Darren J. , Tomazoli Gustavo , Farooq Abdulaziz , Akenhead Richard , Taylor Lee
Published: June 2017

The purpose was to assess sleep patterns, quantity and quality in adolescent (16.2 ± 1.2 yr) Middle Eastern academy soccer players (n = 20) and the influence of an intermission upon these characteristics. On a 17‐day training camp (located one time zone west of home) including three discrete matches, sleep was assessed pre‐ (PRE) and post‐match (POST) via wrist actigraphy. Retrospective actigraphy analysis identified sleep characteristics, including if players experienced a sleep intermission (YES) or not (NO) proximal to dawn, and bedtime (hh:mm), get‐up time (hh:mm), time in bed (h), sleep duration (h) and sleep efficiency (%). Within YES two bouts were identified (BOUT1 and BOUT2). No differences were seen between PRE and POST, nor between BOUT1 and BOUT2 (p > .05). Overall players did not meet National Sleep Foundation (NSF) guidelines (7:04 ± 1:16 h vs. recommended 8–10 h for 14–17 yr). Sleep duration was significantly reduced (∼ −13% or −1:06) in YES compared to NO (6:33 ± 1:05 vs. 7:29 ± 1:17, p < .01). Despite players in YES waking earlier due to an intermission, they did not compensate for this with a later wake time, rising significantly earlier compared to NO (09:40 ± 00:38 vs. 10:13 ± 00:40, p < .05). These players on average do not obtain sufficient sleep durations relative to NSF guidelines, with decrements increased by an intermission proximal to dawn. High inter‐ and intra‐individual variance in the players sleep characteristics indicates the need for individualized sleep education strategies and interventions to promote appropriate sleep.
Population-specific mortality in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) released from a purse seine fishery
Authors: Cook Katrina V , Hinch Scott G , Drenner S Matthew , Halfyard Edmund A , Raby Graham D , Cooke Steven J
Published: June 2017

Coastal commercial fisheries targeting Pacific salmon inevitably capture a mix of co-migrating species and genetically distinct populations within each species, only some of which are sufficiently abundant to sustain exploitation. Species-specific release measures are implemented as a conservation measure, but there remains little understanding of the resulting mortality. A purse seine fishery for Pacific salmon in British Columbia, Canada, was simulated with the goal of estimating post-release mortality for coho salmon, a species commonly released from commercial fisheries. Landed coho salmon (n = 220) were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked along their coastal approach and into freshwater. Survival analyses accounting for variable migration pathways among populations revealed population-specific survival, with the population of greatest conservation concern having the best survival. Condition assessments revealed scale loss to be the strongest predictor of success. Physically exhausted fish, identified via reflex impairment tests, also experienced higher mortality. Results highlight the complexity of estimating release mortality in mixed-population commercial fisheries and are discussed in the context of management implications.
Drinfeld category and the classification of singular Gelfand–Tsetlin $\displaystyle \mathfrak{gl}_n$-modules
Authors: Futorny Vyacheslav , Grantcharov Dimitar , Ramirez Luis Enrique
Published: June 2017

We prove a uniqueness theorem for irreducible non-critical Gelfand–Tsetlin modules. The uniqueness result leads to a complete classification of the irreducible Gelfand–Tsetlin modules with $1$-singularity. An explicit construction of such modules was given in Futorny et al. [7]. In particular, we show that the modules constructed in Futorny et al. [7] exhaust all irreducible Gelfand–Tsetlin modules with $1$-singularity. To prove the result, we introduce a new category of modules (called Drinfeld category) related to the Drinfeld generators of the Yangian $Y({\mathfrak{gl}}_n)$ and define a functor from the category of non-critical Gelfand–Tsetlin modules to the Drinfeld category.
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Aneurysm Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Riva Matteo , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Giussani Carlo , De Witte Olivier , Bruneau Michael
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Although digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be considered the gold standard for intraoperative vascular imaging, many neurosurgical centers rely only on indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) for the evaluation of clipping accuracy. Many studies have compared the results of ICG-VA with those of intraoperative DSA; however, a systematic review summarizing these results is still lacking.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the literature in order to evaluate ICG-VA accuracy in the identification of aneurysm remnants and vessel stenosis after aneurysm clipping.

METHODS

We performed a systematic literature review of ICG-VA accuracy during aneurysm clipping as compared to microscopic visual observation (primary endpoint 1) and DSA (primary endpoint 2). Quality of studies was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.

RESULTS

The initial PubMed search resulted in 2871 records from January 2003 to April 2016; of these, 20 articles were eligible for primary endpoint 1 and 11 for primary endpoint 2. The rate of mis-clippings that eluded microscopic visual observation and were identified at ICG-VA was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.2-8.2), and the rate of mis-clippings that eluded ICG-VA and were identified at DSA was 4.5% (95% CI: 1.8-8.3).

CONCLUSION

Because a proportion of mis-clippings cannot be identified with ICG-VA, this technique should still be considered complementary rather than a replacement to DSA during aneurysm surgery. Incorporating other intraoperative tools, such as flowmetry or electrophysiological monitoring, can obviate the need for intraoperative DSA for the identification of vessel stenosis. Nevertheless, DSA likely remains the best tool for the detection of aneurysm remnants.
Natural Genetic Variation Shapes Root System Responses to Phytohormones in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ristova Daniela , Metesch Kristina , Busch Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

Plants adjust their architecture by modulating organ growth. This ability is largely dependent on phytohormones. While many genes involved in phytohormone pathways have been identified, it remains unclear to which extent and how these pathways are modulated in non-reference strains and whether this is relevant for local adaptation. Here we assess variation of root traits in response to perturbations of the auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid pathways in 192 Arabidopsis accessions. We identify common response patterns, uncover the extent of their modulation by specific genotypes, and find that the Col-0 reference accession is not a good representative of the species in this regard. We conduct GWAS and identify 114 significant associations, most of them relating to ABA treatment. The numerous ABA candidate genes are not enriched for known ABA associated genes indicating that we largely uncovered unknown players. We then study two associated regions in detail and identify theCRF3gene as a modulator of multiple hormone pathways. Finally, we show that natural variation in root traits is significantly associated with climate parameters relevant for local adaption inArabidopsis thalianaand that, in particular, ABA regulated lateral root traits are likely to be relevant for adaptation to soil moisture.

Author Summary

The root system is a key component for plant survival and productivity. Apart from anchoring the plant, its architecture determines which parts of the soil are foraged for water and nutrients, and it serves as an interface for interaction with microbes and other soil organisms. Plant hormones play crucial roles in the development of root system architecture and its plasticity. However, while there is substantial natural variation of root architectures, it is not clear to which extent genetic variation in hormone related pathways contribute. Using the model speciesArabidopsis thalianawe quantitatively explore the breadth of natural variation in plant hormone responses to three major plant hormones: auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid. The Col-0 reference strain can be quite different from a large proportion of the natural accessions of the species, illustrating a severe caveat of relying on a single reference strain in model species and drawing generalizations from it. Using GWAS, we further identify a large number of loci underlying the variation of responses to plant hormones, in particular to abscisic acid, find links between local adaptation and root responses to hormones, and finally using mutants for GWAS candidate genes, identify novel players involved in regulating hormone responses.
New meniscal tears after ACL injury: what is the risk? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ekås Guri Ranum , Ardern Clare , Grindem Hege , Engebretsen Lars
Published: June 2017

Background

Secondary meniscal tears after ACL injuries increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis. The current literature on secondary meniscal injuries after ACL injury is not consistent and may have methodological shortcomings. This protocol describes the methods of a systematic review investigating the rate of secondary meniscal injuries in children and adults after treatment (operative or non-operative) for ACL injury.

Methods

We will search electronic databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Google Scholar) from database inception. Extracted data will include demographic data, methodology, intervention details and patient outcomes. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist for cohort studies. Article screening, eligibility assessment, risk of bias assessment and data extraction will be performed in duplicate by independent reviewers. A proportion meta-analysis will be performed if studies are homogeneous (I2<75%). If meta-analysis is precluded, data will be synthesised descriptively using best-evidence synthesis. The strength of recommendations and quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation working group methodology.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol is written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 22 March 2016.

Trial registration number

CRD42016036788.
Observed and projected trends in paediatric health resources and services in China between 2003 and 2030: a time-series study
Authors: Zhang Xin-yu , Gao Ying , Li Chang-ping , Zheng Rong-xiu , Chen Jie-li , Zhao Lin , Wang You-fa , Wang Yao-gang
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The two-child policy took effect in China on 1 January 2016, thus officially ending the one-child policy. The resultant growth in the population will create a considerable demand for public services such as paediatric healthcare, even while there are limited paediatric resources. We estimated the relationship between paediatric health resources and services and child mortality to determine the degree of the deficiency of such resources in China. Projecting the quantity of paediatric health resource allocation and service supply through 2030 will help provide data reference for future policy decision making.

Design

Time-series study.

Setting

The People’s Republic of China.

Participants

Paediatric patients whose data were recorded between 2003 and 2012 from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Child mortality and paediatric health resources and services data were entered into a cubic polynomial regression model to project paediatric health resources and services to 2030.

Results

Child mortality decreased throughout the past decade. Furthermore, the number of paediatric beds, paediatricians and nurses increased between 2003 and 2012, although the proportions increased rather slowly. Both the number and proportion of paediatric outpatients and inpatients increased rapidly. The observed and model-predicted values matched well (adjusted R2=93.8% for paediatric beds; adjusted R2=96.6% for paediatric outpatient visits). Overall, the projection indicated that paediatric beds, paediatricians and nurses will reach 460 148, 233 884 and 184 059 by 2030, respectively. Regarding paediatric services, the number of paediatric outpatient visits and inpatients is expected to reach upwards of 449.95 million and 21.83 million by 2030, respectively.

Conclusions

Despite implementation of the two-child policy, resource allocation in paediatrics has many deficiencies. Proper measures should be taken to actively respond to the demand for paediatric health services.
Patients as partners in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: A qualitative patient-led study
Authors: Gillis Chelsia , Gill Marlyn , Marlett Nancy , MacKean Gail , GermAnn Kathy , Gilmour Loreen , Nelson Gregg , Wasylak Tracy , Nguyen Susan , Araujo Edamil , Zelinsky Sandra , Gramlich Leah
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Explore the experience of patients undergoing colorectal surgery within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme. Use these experiential data to inform the development of a framework to support ongoing, meaningful patient engagement in ERAS.

Design

Qualitative patient-led study using focus groups and narrative interviews. Data were analysed iteratively using a Participatory Grounded Theory approach.

Setting

Five tertiary care centres in Alberta, Canada, following the ERAS programme.

Participants

Twenty-seven patients who had undergone colorectal surgery in the last 12 months were recruited through purposive sampling. Seven patients participated in a codesign focus group to set and prioritise the research direction. Narrative interviews were conducted with 20 patients.

Results

Patients perceived that an ERAS programme should not be limited to the perioperative period, but should encompass the journey from diagnosis to recovery. Practical recommendations to improve the patient experience across the surgical continuum, and enhance patient engagement within ERAS included: (1) fully explain every protocol, and the purpose of the protocol, both before surgery and while in-hospital, so that patients can become knowledgeable partners in their recovery; (2) extend ERAS guidelines to the presurgery phase, so that patients can be ready emotionally, psychologically and physically for surgery; (3) extend ERAS guidelines to the recovery period at home to avoid stressful situations for patients and families; (4) consider activating a programme where experienced patients can provide peer support; (5) one size does not fit all; personalised adaptations within the standardised pathway are required.

Drawing upon these data, and through consultation with ERAS Alberta stakeholders, the ERAS team developed a matrix to guide sustained patient involvement and action throughout the surgical care continuum at three levels: individual, unit and ERAS system.

Conclusion

This patient-led study generated new insights into the needs of ERAS patients and informed the development of a framework to improve patient experiences and outcomes.
The burden of multiple sclerosis and patients’ coping strategies
Authors: Lorefice Lorena , Fenu Giuseppe , Frau Jessica , Coghe Giancarlo , Marrosu Maria Giovanna , Cocco Eleonora
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that mainly affects young people. Patients with MS experience several emotional responses to changed perceptions of themselves and manage this situation in ways focused on controlling the overall burden of disease. This present study aimed to evaluate differences between patients with MS and healthy controls (HCs) in coping styles, identifying the MS clinical features that influence adaptive responses.

Methods

Patients with MS, according to the McDonald 2010 criteria, and HCs were recruited. Coping strategies were assessed using the Coping Orientation to the Problems Experienced (COPE-NVI; Italian version) questionnaire.

Results

A cohort of 135 patients with MS (female: 89/135, 65.9%) and 94 HCs (female: 64/94, 68%) were enrolled. Impairedsocial support and problem solvingwas noted for MS group (p=0.005). In the MS group, thesocial supportworsened with increasing disease duration (p=0.002) independently of the level of disability. Associations between a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score andavoidance strategies(p<0.01), as well between avoidance strategiesand a previous depression diagnosis (p<0.001) were reported.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the negative impact of MS on various aspects of patients’ life. Therefore, psychosocial interventions are needed to increase adaptive coping mechanisms aimed to manage the burden of MS.
Increased risk of acute arterial events in young patients and severely active IBD: a nationwide French cohort study
Authors: Kirchgesner Julien , Beaugerie Laurent , Carrat Fabrice , Andersen Nynne Nyboe , Jess Tine , Schwarzinger Michaël
Published: June 2017

Objective

Magnitude and independent drivers of the risk of acute arterial events in IBD are still unclear. We addressed this question in patients with IBD compared with the general population at a nationwide level.

Design

Using the French National Hospital Discharge Database from 2008 to 2013, all patients aged 15 years or older and diagnosed with IBD were identified and followed up until 31 December 2013. The rates of incident acute arterial events were calculated and the impact of time with active disease (period around hospitalisation for IBD flare or IBD-related surgery) on the risk was assessed by Cox regression adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Among 210 162 individuals with IBD (Crohn’s disease (CD), n=97 708; UC, n=112 454), 5554 incident acute arterial events were identified. Both patients with CD and UC had a statistically significant overall increased risk of acute arterial events (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 1.35; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.41 and SIR 1.10; 95 CI 1.06 to 1.13, respectively). The highest risk was observed in patients under the age of 55 years, both in CD and UC. The 3-month periods before and after IBD-related hospitalisation were associated with an increased risk of acute arterial events in both CD and UC (HR 1.74; 95 CI 1.44 to 2.09 and 1.87; 95% CI 1.58 to 2.22, respectively).

Conclusion

Patients with IBD are at increased risk of acute arterial events, with the highest risk in young patients. Disease activity may also have an independent impact on the risk.
The impact of policies regulating alcohol trading hours and days on specific alcohol-related harms: a systematic review
Authors: Sanchez-Ramirez Diana C , Voaklander Donald
Published: June 2017

Background

Evidence supports the expectation that changes intimeof alcohol sales associate with changes in alcohol-related harm in both directions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive systematic reviews had examined the effect of policies restricting time of alcohol trading on specific alcohol-related harms.

Objective

To compile existing evidence related to the impact of policies regulating alcohol trading hours/days of on specific harm outcomes such as: assault/violence, motor vehicle crashes/fatalities, injury, visits to the emergency department/hospital, murder/homicides and crime.

Methods

Systematic review of literature studying the impact of policies regulation alcohol trading times in alcohol-related harm, published between January 2000 and October 2016 in English language.

Results

Results support the premise that policies regulating times of alcohol trading and consumption can contribute to reduce injuries, alcohol-related hospitalisations/emergency department visits, homicides and crime. Although the impact of alcohol trading policies in assault/violence and motor vehicle crashes/fatalities is also positive, these associations seem to be more complex and require further study.

Conclusion

Evidence suggests a potential direct effect of policies that regulate alcohol trading times in the prevention of injuries, alcohol-related hospitalisations, homicides and crime. The impact of these alcohol trading policies in assault/violence and motor vehicle crashes/fatalities is less compelling.
Adenosine to facilitate the clipping of cerebral aneurysms: literature review
Authors: Desai Virendra R , Rosas Alejandro L , Britz Gavin W
Published: June 2017

Cerebral aneurysms have a high mortality rate when ruptured. Endovascular techniques have improved substantially in treating this pathology. However, surgical clip ligation remains the preferred option for some aneurysms. Various techniques are used intraoperatively to assist the surgeon in dissecting the aneurysmal dome free of surrounding tissue and placing a clip around the neck safely and effectively so that no nearby perforating vessels are affected and no residual remains. These techniques include temporary clip ligation, endovascular balloon occlusion and cardiac standstill. Adenosine use is one viable option for induced cardiac arrest leading to a short period of controlled hypotension. Its predictable course of action, rapid onset and offset and rare incidence of adverse side effects make it an attractive agent in this regard. Below, we provide an introduction to adenosine use, describing its pharmacokinetic properties, indications, contraindications, complications and future directions.
Impact of five tobacco endgame strategies on future smoking prevalence, population health and health system costs: two modelling studies to inform the tobacco endgame
Authors: van der Deen Frederieke S , Wilson Nick , Cleghorn Christine L , Kvizhinadze Giorgi , Cobiac Linda J , Nghiem Nhung , Blakely Tony
Published: June 2017

Objective

There is growing international interest in advancing ‘the tobacco endgame’. We use New Zealand (Smokefree goal for 2025) as a case study to model the impacts on smoking prevalence (SP), health gains (quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)) and cost savings of (1) 10% annual tobacco tax increases, (2) a tobacco-free generation (TFG), (3) a substantial outlet reduction strategy, (4) a sinking lid on tobacco supply and (5) a combination of 1, 2 and 3.

Methods

Two models were used: (1) a dynamic population forecasting model for SP and (2) a closed cohort (population alive in 2011) multistate life table model (including 16 tobacco-related diseases) for health gains and costs.

Results

All selected tobacco endgame strategies were associated with reductions in SP by 2025, down from 34.7%/14.1% for Māori (indigenous population)/non-Māori in 2011 to 16.0%/6.8% for tax increases; 11.2%/5.6% for the TFG; 17.8%/7.3% for the outlet reduction; 0% for the sinking lid; and 9.3%/4.8% for the combined strategy. Major health gains accrued over the remainder of the 2011 population’s lives ranging from 28 900 QALYs (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI)): 16 500 to 48 200; outlet reduction) to 282 000 QALYs (95%UI: 189 000 to 405 000; sinking lid) compared with business-as-usual (3% discounting). The timing of health gain and cost savings greatly differed for the various strategies (with accumulated health gain peaking in 2040 for the sinking lid and 2070 for the TFG).

Conclusions

Implementing endgame strategies is needed to achieve tobacco endgame targets and reduce inequalities in smoking. Given such strategies are new, modelling studies provide provisional information on what approaches may be best.
Open reduction and internal fixation of a comminuted femoral fracture with plate–rod technique in a wedge‐capped capuchin (Cebus olivaceous)
Authors: S Ayyappan , Sant Kavita , Lakshmanan Nagarajan , Mootoo Natasha , Johnson Jenelle
Published: June 2017

A 3‐year‐old intact male wedge‐capped capuchin (Cebus olivaceous) was diagnosed with a complete fracture of the left femur. Radiographs confirmed a closed, complete, comminuted fracture of the distal one third of the left femur with caudolateral displacement. External co‐aptation and intramedullary pinning techniques were considered inadequate owing to the possibility of implant failure or the development of fracture disease. A biological fixation of the fracture was accomplished using a 2 mm veterinary cuttable plate and a 2 mm Kirschner wire. Following apposition and alignment of the fracture, the pin was placed normograde and the plate was applied as a bridging plate. Owner compliance was critical to prevent patient self‐mutilation. The intramedullary pin, plate and screws were not removed. Postoperative wound healing was uneventful. Progressive secondary bone healing was noticed on serial radiographic study carried out on the 12th, 35th and 63rd postoperative days. Full weight bearing was evident by the 35th postoperative day.
Solutions of the system of operator equations $BXA=B=AXB$ via the *-order
Authors: Vosough Mehdi , Moslehian Mohammad Sal
Published: June 2017

In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions are established for the existence of solutions to the system of operator equations $BXA=B=AXB$ in the setting of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space, where the unknown operator $X$ is called the inverse of $A$ along $B$. After that, under some mild conditions, it is proved that an operator $X$ is a solution of $BXA=B=AXB$ if and only if $B \stackrel{*}{ \leq} AXA$, where the $*$-order $C\stackrel{*}{ \leq} D$ means $CC^*=DC^*, C^*C=C^*D$. Moreover, the general solution of the equation above is obtained. Finally, some characterizations of $C \stackrel{*}{ \leq} D$ via other operator equations, are presented.
Applied theatre evaluations as technologies of government: A critical exploration of key logics in the field
Authors: Freebody Kelly , Goodwin Susan
Published: June 2017

This article aims to raise new questions for the field through the analysis of a set of applied theatre programme evaluation documents. The analysis of these three documents was undertaken using Bacchi’s (2009) ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach. This approach is increasingly being used for the critical analysis of public policy and social programme documents in a wide range of policy fields, but is not commonly utilized in the field of applied theatre. The WPR approach, it is argued, enables critical scrutiny of taken-for-granted representations of what applied theatre does, or can do, about social ‘problems’. Analysing applied theatre programme evaluation documents as representations of social ‘problems’ provides an opportunity to explore some of the deep-seated logics at work in the field.
Metronome and Melodic Lines: Confluences of the word and the move in solo studio-based movement improvisatory practice
Authors: Elliott Hilary
Published: June 2017

This article introduces and analyses two approaches to experiencing and interpreting confluences of the spoken word and movement when training or performing solo movement improvisation. The first is Metronome – a training strategy invented by two of my earliest improvisation teachers, Peter Trotman and Andrew Morrish – in which there is a deliberate coming together of speaking and moving. The second is Melodic Lines – a training or loose performance score that I have developed – in which spoken language emerges from sensation. Sondra Fraleigh’s comments on the ‘fragmented “umms” and “ahhhs”, pauses and detours’ that she notes in everyday speech open a useful perspective on the way in which Metronome encourages uninhibited production of words in synchronicity with movement. A consideration of dance ethnographer Deidre Sklar’s views on linguistic meaning – articulated in terms of the ‘somatic reverberations’ of words and her proposition that it is possible to ‘bid words to participate in the somatic schema they represent’ – frames my consideration of Melodic Lines as a strategy in which words are experienced as embodied knowledge. These approaches are further contextualized within the related improvisatory discourses of Keith Johnstone, Ruth Zaporah, Miranda Tufnell and Chris Crickmay.
How to communicate on the verge of collapse
Authors: Jürgens Stephan
Published: June 2017

This article examines some of the intricate relationships between the spoken word and the body in the multiple semiotic systems of self-reflexive postmodern dance by example of Portuguese choreographer João Fiadeiro. Two case studies are presented with reference to Fiadeiro’s ‘Composition in Real Time’ (CTR) method, which discuss his choreographic practice in the context of recent theories in contemporary choreography, dance dramaturgy and embodied cognition. In the first section of this paper I scrutinize three solo stage works by Fiadeiro to examine in what ways language in its multiple intermedial forms (live and mediated spoken word, processed audio signal, printed written word, projected written text, hand-written visual forms, and so forth) impacts on the conception of the body, the temporality of dance performance, and consequently the dramaturgical structure in Fiadeiro’s choreography. The second section of this article examines the creative process of Fiadeiro’s recent production for a group of five dancers, What to Do with What Remains (2015), and how the spoken word is employed to report onstage in real time about the experience of performing at the limit of physical exhaustion. Subsequently, I discuss the five dimensions of improvisational awareness in the work from a dramaturgical perspective, and relate my findings to recent research in the field of dance cognition.
Reflexões sobre políticas públicas para a educação em direitos humanos no ensino superior brasileiro
Authors: Massimino Daniel de Mello , Pamplona Danielle Anne
Published: June 2017

Mais de 50% dos moradores das grandes cidades brasileiras concordam com a frase “bandido bom é bandido morto”, mas ao mesmo tempo reconhecem o caráter universal e a relevância dos direitos humanos. Esse aparente paradoxo somente pode ser desvelado pela educação em direitos humanos (ou EDH), que se consolida como política pública na medida em que fundamenta sua atuação na concretização de princípios constitucionais, assumindo um papel de extrema relevância, não somente pelo fato de permitir com que os cidadãos tenham contato com o conteúdo desses conceitos de DH, mas também por que são objetivos da educação reconhecidos na Constituição, o pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa, seu preparo para o exercício da cidadania e sua qualificação para o trabalho, tais objetivos somente sendo alcançados, com uma educação que permita ao cidadão compreender sua própria humanidade. Pretende-se explorar esta política pública por meio da abordagem do “ciclo de políticas”, que é utilizado como padrão metodológico de abordagem, com o intuito de responder ao questionamento sobre como se constituiu o ciclo de políticas públicas para a EDH no ensino superior, e em que medida essas políticas públicas podem contribuir para a instalação de uma nova cultura em direitos humanos.
Intensification of Metformin treatment in diabetic patients with Insulin versus Sulfonylureas
Authors: Mohammadian Mahdi , Salehiniya Hamid , Khazaei Salman , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
Published: June 2017

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, so that the number of diabetics was 221 million worldwide in 2010. Diabetes has no decisive cure and can lead to fatal complications. This disease is the most common cause of amputation, blindness and chronic renal failure and one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart diseases (Masoudi et al., 2004). The global incidence of diabetes is increasing due to the increased obesity and decreased physical activity (Bidarpour et al., 2003). Non-insulin dependent or type 2 diabetes is now an epidemic in the United States; and it had the prevalence of 7 percent in adults over 30 years in 2000 (Hillier and Pedula, 2001).
Up-to-date clinical approaches of biomarkers’ use in heart failure
Authors: Berezin Alexander E.
Published: June 2017

Heart failure (HF) is considered a leading cause of death in patients with established cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases. Although current treatment strategy has improved survival rate and clinical outcomes of HF, the HF prevalence exhibits growth especially in older patients’ population and survivors after coronary atherothrombotic events. Current clinical guidelines regarding treatment and prevention of HF claim the role of biological markers as pretty easy and powerful tool for diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostication of HF. However, there is not clear whether all these biological markers are able to equally predict CV death and HF-related outcomes in patients with acute and chronic HF as well as in various phenotypes of HF. The aim of the review is to discuss a role of in risk stratification and individual treatment in patients with different phenotypes of HF.
Trascender el Impacto del Dolor Ajeno: Más Allá del World Press Photo
Authors: Blazquez Alicia
Published: June 2017

The World Press Photo exhibition brings together, every year during the last eleven, the more representative set of photojournalism of the previous year. The collection of the winners in each edition represents, if one so wishes, an opportunity to reflect on the impact of the images in the public observer, beyond the aesthetic judgment in a particular time and space. This article aims to leave an open window to reflection. An approach on how snapshots shown are supported by three points: the photographer, the spectator and the surrounding social context. A triangle that inevitably possesses a constant ethical conflict: the duty between informing or helping, being anesthetized through the “compassion fatigue” or go beyond the initial discomfort when observing the pain of others and react against it. Human frailty observed as a driver or a deterrent of a broader social action; beyond the photographer, beyond the visit to an exhibition.ext of the abstract.
‘Mijita Rica’: The female body as a subject in the public space
Authors: Ledezma Ana María
Published: June 2017

The politeness system is one of the most subtle and everyday forms of gender violence.Harassment in public is a socially accepted practice in Chile, where the ideological background crosses the various social spheres and remains rooted in the national and Latin American ethos.This article questions its bases, revealing the symbolic violence, gender hierarchization, and the reproduction of the ideology of separate spheres infused in street "flattery".
Undermining Dichotomies: Women and the Peace Process in Afghanistan
Authors: Quie Marissa Virginia
Published: June 2017

This paper interrogates the equation of women and peace through the prism of the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP). The Programme was initiated in 2010 and is scheduled to continue through 2018. It is designed to create the conditions for inclusion of the insurgency within the democratic system and provide a roadmap for peace. The APRP builds on one of the central justifications of the war: the liberation of Afghan women. It requires gender mainstreaming in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 and subsequent Resolutions, so as to include women in all stages of the process. The APRP underscores inevitable tensions between international and local standards that purport to ensure women’s interests are protected in peacebuilding. The effort to impose gender mainstreaming on the peace process is emblematic of this tension. I argue that this effort has yielded partial gains for women who have internalized international perspectives on women’s rights, but it signifies the exclusion of those who do not. UNSCRs 1325, 1820, 1888, 1889, 1960, 2106, and 2122 assume symmetry in the positions of men and women: but fail to address the complex ways in which gender is perceived by power relations within particular societies. Considering men and women as though they confront similar obstacles reifies disparities between them. Formal numerical inclusion in the APRP, as in other political processes, has not and cannot ensure changed practices.
We believe you. Survivors of Campus Sexual Assault Speak Out
Authors: Vidu Ana
Published: June 2017

We believe you. Survivors of Campus Sexual Assault Speak Out
Achievement emotions and achievement goals in support of the convergent, divergent and criterion validity of the Spanish-Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale
Authors: Sánchez Rosas Javier , Furlan Luis Alberto
Published: June 2017

Based on the control-value theory of achievement emotions and theory of achievement goals, this research provides evidence of convergent, divergent, and criterion validity of the Spanish Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (S-CTAS). A sample of Argentinean undergraduates responded several scales administered at three points. At time 1 and 3, the sample informed their adoption of mastery and performance goals. At time 2, they responded to the S-CTAS and informed about their anxiety and shame in class, and their enjoyment, hopelessness, shame, and anxiety experienced in exam. Results demonstrated the convergent and divergent validity of the S-CTAS by correlating with other class and test emotions scales measuring outcome and activity-emotions. Furthermore, the findings verified the criterion validity of the S-CTAS by estimating the predictive influence of achievement goals on cognitive test anxiety and other emotions, and in turn the effects of cognitive test anxiety and these emotions on achievement goals.
Predictive effects of temperament on motivation
Authors: Rawlings Anna Maria , Tapola Anna , Niemivirta Markku
Published: June 2017

Although temperament and motivation both reflect individual differences in what is perceived as rewarding or threatening, and what is to be approached and what avoided, respectively, we know rather little about how they are connected in educational settings. In this study, we examined how different aspects of temperament (reward and punishment sensitivities) predict the goals students seek to achieve in relation to learning and performance. In Study 1, four dimensions describing students’ temperament (sensitivity to punishment, intraindividual reward sensitivity, interindividual reward sensitivity, and positive expressiveness) were uncovered, and in Study 2, these were used to predict students’ achievement goal orientations (mastery-intrinsic, mastery-extrinsic, performance-approach, performance-avoidance, and avoidance). The results of exploratory structural equation modeling revealed significant predictions on all achievement goal orientations. In line with theoretical assumptions, sensitivity to punishment was predictive of performance orientations, intraindividual reward sensitivity of mastery orientations, and interindividual reward sensitivity of performance- and avoidance orientations. Positive expressiveness only had weak negative effects on performance orientations. The findings suggest that the goals and outcomes students seek to attain in an educational context are partly dictated by their sensitivity to different environmental cues and the kinds of affective and behavioral responses these typically incite.
Proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying: The role of values
Authors: Jara Natalia , Casas Jose A. , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario
Published: June 2017

The study of violence and bullying in schools is a line of scientific research that has contributed significantly to knowledge on human aggressiveness, especially in children and adolescents. This article shows that there are two patterns of aggressive behavior: proactive and reactive. Both are present in bullying, as are other psychological aspects pertaining to the individuals involved, such as basic personality traits, self-esteem and values. This study links both proactive and reactive behavioral patterns to involvement and non-involvement in school bullying. The results reveal that basic personality traits, such as neuroticism, have a direct impact on proactive and reactive bullying, as do the social and individual dimensions of self-esteem and social and moral values. These findings confirm that variables relating to personal and social values are, in turn, related to proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying for those involved and not involved in bullying. However, they also highlight that while aggressors engage in more proactive aggressive behavior, reactive aggression is more frequent among victims.
Procrastination, self-esteem, academic performance, and well-being: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Duru Erdinç , Balkis Murat
Published: June 2017

The current study attempts to provide a more detailed investigation regarding the effects of procrastination on well-being in a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 348).  Results confirm prior evidence suggesting that procrastination and self-esteem were important predictors of well-being. Results also indicated that both procrastination and academic performance have direct and interactive effects on self-esteem. Self-esteem mediated the relationships between procrastination and well-being. Furthermore, the indirect effect of procrastination on well-being via mediation of self-esteem may vary depending on academic performance. Findings were discussed in terms of related literature and further suggestions have been made for future studies.
Lógicas prácticas en el proceso de construcción de la masculinidad de los hombres valencianos: calle, riesgo, fútbol y arca.
Authors: Albelda Joan Sanfélix , Téllez Infantes Anastasia
Published: June 2017

This paper analyzes from a socio-anthropological perspective the practices in the construction of masculine identity of the Valencian men. Through discourse analysis from biographical interviews and systematic observation of masculinity spaces, this text explores recurring realities that help us understand how we build socioculturally the masculinity during childhood and adolescence.
Masculinidad, socialización y justificación de la violencia de género en hombres de la región de la Araucanía, Chile.
Authors: Peña Axt Juan Carlos , Arias Lagos Loreto , Sáez Ardura Felipe
Published: June 2017

Gender violence is established as one of the biggest social problems and public health in recent years. The scientific literature suggests that this is due to a perceived loss of power by men over women (Kimmel, 2008): this situation does nothing but increase the number of women who are victims of violence and worse are killed by their partners or former partners. Now, what are the perceptions of men about gender violence? Are there mechanisms for naturalization and justification of gender violence in a relationship by men? How the construction of masculinity characterized these men? This paper addresses these questions from quantitative study in three of the counties with the highest number of complaints of gender violence in the region of Araucania: Puerto Saavedra, Chol-chol and Lumaco, in 2015. The results indicate that men justify violence by drug use, as well perceptions, beliefs and stereotypes associated present a model of hegemonic masculinity (Kimmel, 2000; Connell 2005) and a traditional model relationships (Gómez, 2004).
Who is a Real Man? The Gender of Trumpism
Authors: Pascoe CJ
Published: June 2017

The rise of Trumpism exemplifies a contest over masculinity, over who qualifies as a “real man.” This contest being waged not only by some obvious actors – President Trump, his supporters and representatives; it is a contest also waged by those who oppose the current administration and are perhaps actively working against the perpetuation of gender inequality. The themes deployed by Trumpists and anti-Trumpists alike address a core component of masculinity in the global west – dominance. Through sexualized processes of confirmation and repudiation multiple actors in this political and social moment draw on and deploy understandings of normative masculinity as dominance – dominance over women and dominance over other, less masculine, men. Both the Trumpist and anti-Trumpist movements exemplify similar discourses of masculinized dominance in which social actors claim masculinity through discourses and symbols of “compulsive heterosexuality” and divest others of it through the emasculating practices of a “fag discourse.” The story of Trumpism and movements against it is an example of the tenacity of inequality in gendered discourses.
The symbolic world of mathematics
Authors: Lingefjärd Thomas , Farahani Djamshid
Published: June 2017

In understanding upper secondary school students’ interpretations of information in symbolic representations of a distance-time-relation, little attention has been paid to the analysis of the condition of the conceptual development related to utterances. Understanding this better can help improve the teaching of attribute and information in symbolic representations of different phenomena. Two theoretical perspectives have been used to conduct the analysis: Tall and Vinner's theoretical perspectives on learning and Gray’s & Talls’s theory of three mathematical worlds. The findings provide evidence that a detailed analyse of student’s utterances show difference in quality related to student’s interpretations of a distance-time relation. The qualities were related to student’s concept images of functions and derivatives.
List of reviewers
Authors: Diez Palomar Javier
Published: June 2017

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The Difficulties of DESIGN TRAIN-ing
Authors: Kirci Nazan
Published: June 2017

This study is proposed within the framework of the “Designtrain” project.*  First year architecture students have difficulties to adapt to the new language of architectural discourse because of their individual capabilities and adequacies or because of the departments’ methodology of teaching.  This study, which has been based on ten architecture departments in Turkey, has been formed to reveal these difficulties from the students’ point of view by means of a survey.  This survey consists of interpretative questions that are related to the pre-requisites of vocational education, difficulties in learning, the evaluation of students’ comprehension of basic design principles and various difficulties of educational process.