bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employee turnover in multinational corporations: a supervised machine learning approach
Authors: Veglio Valerio , Romanello Rubina , Pedersen Torben
Published: May 2024

This research explores the potential of supervised machine learning techniques in transforming raw data into strategic knowledge in the context of human resource management. By analyzing a database with over 205 variables and 2,932 observations related to a telco multinational corporation, this study tests the predictive and analytical power of classification decision trees in detecting the determinants of voluntary employee turnover. The results show the determinants of groups of employees who may voluntarily leave the company, highlighting the level of analytical depth of the classification tree. This study contributes to the field of human resource management by highlighting the strategic value of the classification decision tree in identifying the characteristics of groups of employees with a high propensity to voluntarily leave the firm. As practical implication, our study provides an approach that any organization can use to self-assess its own turnover risk and develop tailored retention practices.
Role of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) and Nupr1 Interaction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Jinghua , Liu Junyi , Tang Yongying , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuanping , Zha Xu , Zhao Xueying
Published: May 2024

Our study mainly analyzed the mechanism of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and its interacting protein Nupr1 on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced lens epithelial cells (LEC) apoptosis. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL. Nupr1 expression was detected by RT–qPCR. The expressions of CHOP, Nupr1, apoptosis-related protein, and ERS-related protein were detected by Western blot. DCFH-DA probe was used to detect cell ROS. The SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA contents were detected by the kit. Co-IP was used to detect the interaction between CHOP and Nupr1. The morphology of the lens was detected by HE staining. The result shows that Tunicamycin (TU) can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in LEC in a concentration-dependent manner. TU induction leads to the occurrence of CHOP nuclear translocation. Overexpression of CHOP can further enhance the inhibitory effect of TU on LEC proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis, while knockdown of CHOP has the opposite effect. CHOP and Nupr1 are interacting proteins, and knockdown of Nupr1 or addition of Nupr1 inhibitor ZZW-115 can reverse the effects of TU and overexpression of CHOP, respectively. It has been observed in animal experiments that treatment with oe-CHOP can further aggravate the pathological lesions of the rat lens, while ZZW-115 can reverse the effect of oe-CHOP to a certain extent and improve the lesions of the rat lens. Overall, CHOP interacts with Nupr1 to regulate apoptosis caused by ERS and mediate cataract progression in rats, and this study provides a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cataract.
Sustainable fabrication of a novel ZIF-67 modified with Atriplex halimus-mediated MoO3/GO-NH2 for expeditious removal of nitrophenol
Authors: Elbay Ahmed S. , Fawzy Manal , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S.
Published: May 2024

Herein, a novel, green, and sustainable MoO3/ZIF-67/AmGO composite has been fabricated for the removal of notorious o-nitrophenols (o-NPs) from wastewater. Atriplex halimus L. (saltbush) served a dual function where the plant extract was used for the synthesis of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) NPs, while the spent biomass-derived biochar was utilized as feedstock to produce green graphene oxide (GO). Ultimately, the MoO3/ZIF-67/AmGO composite was in situ fabricated by mixing MoO3 and AmGO with ZIF-67 during its preparation by the self-templating approach. Remarkably, the adsorption of o-NP onto MoO3/ZIF-67/AmGO attained equilibrium in just less than 10 min. The kinetics and isotherms analyses verified that the o-NP adsorption onto MoO3/ZIF-67/AmGO adhered to the Pseudo-2nd-order and Freundlich models, with a consistent qmax value of 500 mg/g. A conceivable adsorption mechanism was investigated in detail. Moreover, the ionic strength test implied the impact of the salting-out phenomenon in boosting o-NP adsorption. The eco-friendly MoO3/ZIF-67/AmGO proves to be a sustainable adsorbent, displaying excellent recyclability in consistently removing o-NP across multiple cycles.
Thermo-hydraulic Investigation of a Heat Exchanger Tube Equipped with 3D-Printed Swirl Flow Generators
Authors: Aksoz Zafer Yavuz , Bogrekci Ismail , Demircioglu Pinar , Tunc Kerim Mehmet Murat
Published: May 2024

Heat transfer capabilities of the heat exchangers require enhancements to save energy and decrease their size. For this purpose, the swirl generators have been widely preferred. However, the swirler inserts have not reached their optimum shape. Thus, this study experimentally and numerically investigates the impact of novel 3D-printed swirler inserts with varying twist angles in the range of 0°–450° on the thermo-hydraulic performance of solar absorber tube heat exchangers under laminar flow (Re = 513–2054) condition. Friction factor, Nusselt number, and performance evaluation criterion (PEC) were used to assess heat exchanger performance, and related correlations are provided. Tangential velocity components were also used to explore fluid flow characteristics in local analysis. Numerical investigation was done by using computational fluid dynamics adopting Finite Volume Method in ANSYS Fluent. Results show that 3D-printed swirlers considerably increase heat transfer compared to plain tube. The swirler with a twist angle of 450° led to the maximum enhancements of nearly 217% in average Nusselt number and around 1630% in friction factor at Reynolds number of 2054. Overall, increasing Reynolds number enhanced Nusselt number. The highest PEC of 1.15 was observed at a Reynolds number of 1031 using the swirler with 150° twist angle. Flow near the swirler has higher tangential velocities, hence contributing to local Nusselt number enhancement up to 453.8% compared to plain tube when swirler with twist angle of 450° utilized. It is anticipated that findings of this study can guide further related research and increase the usage of swirlers in heat exchangers.
Nonlinear Wave Interaction of Nanorods Embedded in a Viscoelastic Medium
Authors: Gaygusuzoglu Guler
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Nonlinear interactions between two acoustic waves in nanorods traveling at various wave numbers, group velocities, and frequencies are examined in this study.

Methods

The nonlinear equation of the nanorod in a viscoelastic medium is obtained using the theory of nonlocal elasticity. Furthermore, the multiple-scale expansion method is applied to study strongly dispersive, weakly nonlinear waves in a nonlocal viscoelastic medium. Using this expansion technique, we can derive the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations as the governing equations, which we solve as differential equations of some parameters by expanding the field quantities into an asymptotic series of the smallness parameter.

Results

We give the nonlinear plane wave solutions to these equations in several special cases. The plane wave solutions show how the wave amplitude affects the frequencies of nonlinear plane waves. Additionally, we show numerically how the real and imaginary parts of the group velocities and natural frequency of the system for a carbon nanotube in a viscoelastic medium are affected by the nonlocal, damping, and stiffness parameters.
Of greater noctule “migration” from Russia to Italy: a comment on Vasenkov et al. (2023)
Authors: Russo Danilo , Mäenurm Anne , Martinoli Adriano , Cistrone Luca
Published: May 2024

We comment on a recent study (Vasenkov et al. in Dokl Biol Sci 513:395–399, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496623700746) presenting the movement paths of three greater noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus), two juveniles and an adult, tracked from Russia in September–October 2020 and 2021, with particular emphasis on the unprecedented straight-line migration of a juvenile male to Italy. Notably, the juvenile's extraordinary 2515 km migration marks the longest recorded (as the crow flies) movement in a bat species. We argue that the two juveniles may represent cases of dispersal. Despite the attention garnered by Vasenkov et al.’s findings, caution is warranted in interpreting the broader migration picture. The paper’s dissemination underscores a potential oversimplification, neglecting key insights from recent work conducted in Italy that documented the year-round presence, hibernation, and parturition of N. lasiopterus in an area of the Friuli Venezia-Giulia region where the juvenile male tracked from Russia stopped over. Besides, inferring the existence of migratory routes based on small numbers of tracked bats is insufficient. The oversight of these findings may imply a misleading narrative about the species' behaviour, likely representing a case of partial migration, a pattern widespread among migratory bat species.
Early surveillance of rice bakanae disease using deep learning and hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Chen Sishi , Lu Xuqi , Fang Hongda , Perumal Anand Babu , Li Ruyue , Feng Lei , Wang Mengcen , Liu Yufei
Published: May 2024

Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, poses a significant threat to rice production and has been observed in most rice-growing regions. The disease symptoms caused by different pathogens may vary, including elongated and weak stems, slender and yellow leaves, and dwarfism, as example. Bakanae disease is likely to cause necrosis of diseased seedlings, and it may cause a large area of infection in the field through the transmission of conidia. Therefore, early disease surveillance plays a crucial role in securing rice production. Traditional monitoring methods are both time-consuming and labor-intensive and cannot be broadly applied. In this study, a combination of hyperspectral imaging technology and deep learning algorithms were used to achieve in situ detection of rice seedlings infected with bakanae disease. Phenotypic data were obtained on the 9th, 15th, and 21st day after rice infection to explore the physiological and biochemical performance, which helps to deepen the research on the disease mechanism. Hyperspectral data were obtained over these same periods of infection, and a deep learning model, named Rice Bakanae Disease-Visual Geometry Group (RBD-VGG), was established by leveraging hyperspectral imaging technology and deep learning algorithms. Based on this model, an average accuracy of 92.2% was achieved on the 21st day of infection. It also achieved an accuracy of 79.4% as early as the 9th day. Universal characteristic wavelengths were extracted to increase the feasibility of using portable spectral equipment for field surveillance. Collectively, the model offers an efficient and non-destructive surveillance methodology for monitoring bakanae disease, thereby providing an efficient avenue for disease prevention and control.
Differential mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles Associated with Early Pregnancy Loss in ART Patients
Authors: Wang Liyan , Jiang Yanbiao , Luo Xiaorong , Shen Haofei , Yu Liulin , Yang Xia , Wang Hui , Jin Panpan , Zhang Xuehong
Published: May 2024

Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is the most common complication in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the precise causes for nearly 50% patients remain unexplained. In the current study, we aimed to discover the differentially expressed profiling of mRNAs and lncRNAs by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Human chorionic villi tissues were collected from patients with EPL and natural control (NC) group. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of these specimens was performed for transcriptome analysis. As a result, we identified a total of 141 mRNAs and 137 lncRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between villi tissues from EPL and NC. Functional enrichment analyses indicated enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in pathways were associated with growth hormone receptor binding, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, metabolic pathways and Rap1 signaling pathway. Additionally, the co-expression networks (lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA) was constructed based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed RNAs.7 mRNAs and 6 lncRNAs were successfully technically validated with RT-PCR. In conclusion, our results suggest a direction for the further study of EPL-related mRNAs and lncRNAs and may ultimately assist in understanding the pathogenesis of EPL.
Vitrification of Human Oocytes Before or After Rescue-IVM Does not Impair Maturation Kinetics but Induces Meiotic Spindle Alterations
Authors: Marteil Gaëlle , Metchat Aïcha , Dollet Sandra , Cugnot Camille , Chaput Laure , Pereira Bruno , Gremeau Anne Sophie , Brugnon Florence
Published: May 2024

Cryopreservation of in vitro matured oocytes is still considered as an experimental alternative to mature oocyte vitrification after ovarian stimulation. Here, we investigated whether rescue-IVM should be performed before or after vitrification. For this, 101 immature oocytes (germinal vesicle stage) from women undergoing ICSI were used. Oocytes were divided into three groups: freshly in vitro matured oocytes (IVM), freshly in vitro matured oocytes subsequently vitrified (IVM + VIT) and vitrified/warmed GV oocytes then in vitro matured (VIT + IVM). Oocyte maturation rates and kinetics were assessed using time-lapse technology. Spindle dimensions and polarity, chromosome alignment and cytoplasmic F-actin filament length and density were determined using confocal microscopy and quantitative image analyses. No differences in IVM rates (fresh IVM: 63.16% and IVM post-VIT: 59.38%, p = 0.72) and timings (17.73 h in fresh IVM, 17.33 h in IVM post-VIT, p = 0.72) were observed whether IVM is performed freshly or after vitrification. Meiotic spindles were shorter in VIT + IVM (10.47 µm vs 11.23 µm in IVM and 11.40 µm in IVM + VIT, p = 0.012 and p = 0.043) and wider in IVM + VIT (9.37 µm vs 8.12 µm in IVM and 8.16 µm VIT + IVM, p = 0.027 and p = 0.026). The length-to-width ratio was lower in vitrified groups (IVM + VIT: 1.19 and VIT + IVM: 1.26) compared to IVM (1.38), p = 0.013 and p = 0.014. No differences in multipolar spindle and chromosome misalignment occurrence and cytoplasmic F-actin filament length and density were observed between groups. Our results suggest vitrification before or after rescue-IVM does not seem to impair maturation rates and kinetics parameters but induces meiotic spindle alterations.
Recent advances in li metal anode protection for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Han Seungjun , Lee Ju Hyun , Kim Jinuk , Lee Jinwoo
Published: May 2024

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have garnered significant attention as a promising next-generation rechargeable battery, offering superior energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, the commercialization of LSBs faces several challenges, including the ionic/electronic insulating nature of the active materials, lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle effect, volume expansion/contraction of the cathode, and issues with Li metal anode. Despite numerous efforts to address these challenges, previous studies have predominantly been conducted under mild conditions such as high electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratio, low sulfur loading, and excess Li metal, which cover issues related to Li metal anode. However, for realizing high-energy–density LSBs, practical conditions such as low E/S ratio, high sulfur loading, and limited Li metal are essential. Under these conditions, the increased current on Li metal and higher LiPS concentration exacerbate issues with Li metal anode such as dendrite growth, dead Li, high reactivity with electrolyte, and high reactivity with LiPSs. These problems lead to rapid failure of Li metal, significantly impacting the electrochemical performance of LSBs. Consequently, protecting Li metal anode is crucial for the practical LSBs. This paper introduces the challenges associated with Li metal anode in LSBs and reviews research focused on protecting Li metal anode in each battery component: anode, electrolyte, cathode, and separator/interlayer. Finally, we discuss future research directions of each component towards practical LSBs.

Graphical Abstract
Extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from olive pomace using natural deep eutectic solvents: modelling and optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Cabrera Leandro , Xavier Lucía , Zecchi Berta
Published: May 2024

This work explored the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for extracting phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from Uruguayan olive pomace (OP), a by-product of olive oil mills. Among nine NADES tested, lactic acid-glucose (La-Gc) was the most effective solvent for phenolic compound extraction. Further investigation focused on optimizing the extraction process using La-Gc. Response surface methodology was employed to analyze the impact of extraction temperature, water content in NADES and solid–liquid ratio on total phenols content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays). Temperature and solid–liquid ratio greatly influenced TPC and antioxidant activity, while water content in NADES only showed significant influence on antioxidant activity. The optimum extraction conditions that maximized TPC and antioxidant activity were 80 $${}^{\circ }\text {C}$$

∘

C

, 68% (w/w) of water in NADES and solid–liquid ratio of 0.014 g/mL, showing a TPC of 15.56 mg GAE/g db, FRAP of 178.14 $$\mu$$
μ
mol FSE/g db and DPPH of 72.75 $$\mu$$
μ
mol TRE/g db, with hydroxytyrosol content of 1.24 mg/g db. These values were significantly higher than those of extracts obtained from conventional solvents under identical extraction conditions. These results highlight the suitability of the present extraction method using La-Gc as solvent to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from OP.
On Estimating Multi- Stress Strength Reliability for Inverted Kumaraswamy Under Ranked Set Sampling with Application in Engineering
Authors: Hassan Amal S. , Alsadat Najwan , Elgarhy Mohammed , Ahmad Hijaz , Nagy Heba F.
Published: May 2024

The terrible operating constraints of many real-world events cause systems to malfunction regularly. The failure of systems to perform their intended duties when they reach their lowest, highest, or both extreme operating conditions is a phenomenon that researchers rarely focus on. The multi-stress strength reliability

$$R = P(W<X<Z)$$

R
=
P
(
W
<
X
<
Z
)

is deemed in this study for a component whose strength X falls between two stresses, W, and Z, where X, W, and Z are independently inverted Kumaraswamy distributed. Both maximum likelihood and maximum product spacing procedures are employed to obtain the reliability estimator under simple random sampling (SRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS) methodologies. Four scenarios for reliability estimators are considered. The reliability estimator in the first and second cases can be determined by applying the same sample design (RSS/SRS) to the strength and stress distributions. When the sample data for W and Z originate from RSS while those for X are acquired from SRS, the third reliability estimator is calculated. The drawn data of the strength and stress random variables, which are obtained from SRS and RSS, respectively, are taken into consideration in the final scenario. The effectiveness of the suggested estimators is compared using a comprehensive computer simulation. Lastly, three real data sets have been used to determine reliability estimators.
Responsible AI-Based Business Process Management and Improvement
Authors: Pisoni Galena , Moloney Maria
Published: May 2024

Organizations today seek to improve and adapt their business processes because of an increasingly competitive economy. The use and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for business process improvement and management is often discussed and put in place, regardless of its potentially negative impact if AI is implemented in the wrong way, especially around the processing and storing of personal data. We discuss the use of AI for the management and improvement of business processes, especially in the financial domain, and how to ensure responsible AI use in enterprises for this aim. We propose an information system design for responsible and trustworthy business processes, and we envision that businesses will need strong and well-defined control points in their information systems for managing processes and creating associated audits to enforce their principles. We define questions and challenges that companies will need to reflect upon and follow to achieve an application of responsible AI in an enterprise context. We also outline considerations for AI and data protection regulation for companies, while also considering the technical challenges that would need to be solved.
Biomaterials-enabled electrical stimulation for tissue healing and regeneration
Authors: Kim Han-Sem , Baby Tanza , Lee Jung-Hwan , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Hae-Won
Published: May 2024

The electrical microenvironment is considered a pivotal determinant in various pathophysiological processes, including tissue homeostasis and wound healing. Consequently, extensive research endeavors have been directed toward applying electricity to cells and tissues through external force devices or biomaterial-based platforms. In addition to in situ electroconductive matrices, a new class of electroactive biomaterials responsive to stimuli has emerged as a focal point of interest. These electroactive materials, in response to intrinsic biochemical (e.g., glucose) or external physical stimuli (e.g., light, magnetism, stress), hold significant potential for cell stimulation and tissue regeneration. In this communication, we underscore this distinct category of electroactive biomaterials, discussing the currently developed biomaterial platforms and their biological roles in stimulating cells and tissues during the healing and regeneration process. We also critically evaluate the inherent limitations and challenges of these biomaterials while offering forward-looking insights into their promise for future clinical translations.

Graphical Abstract
How Progressive are Multidimensional Accounts of Autonomy? Transnational Feminist-Friendly Amendments and a Critical Intersectional Relational Autonomy
Authors: Marway Herjeet K.
Published: May 2024

“Multidimensional” accounts of autonomy offer multiple, rather than unitary, dimensions along which to measure autonomy. Such accounts are significant developments in the literature and help generate nuanced, degree-based frameworks. However, transnational feminists—those theorizing feminism in light of (post)colonialism and global neoliberalism—may raise concerns about multidimensional accounts for women in the Global South. For instance, there may be worries about the generalized focus and implicit individualism that still lurks. Sympathetic to both non-unitary autonomy and transnational feminist projects, I argue that multidimensional accounts can be salvaged from such critiques with two amendments. First, they can adopt what I label a “critical” relational framing, and second, they can include intersectional identities. Using commercial surrogates in India as an example, I show how these amendments to multidimensional theories might better serve these women of color, and indeed all persons.
Cannabidiol improves non-motor symptoms, attenuates neuroinflammation, and favours hippocampal newborn neuronal maturation in a rat model of Parkinsonism
Authors: de Mattos Bianca Andretto , Bonato Jéssica Mendes , Splendor Maria Clara , Del Bel Elaine , Milani Humberto , de Oliveira Rúbia Maria Weffort
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on emotional and cognitive symptoms in rats with intra-nigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions.

Methods:

Adult male Wistar rats received bilateral intranigral 6-OHDA infusions and were tested in a battery of behavioural paradigms to evaluate non-motor symptoms. The brains were obtained to evaluate the effects of CBD on hippocampal neurogenesis.

Results:

6-OHDA-lesioned rats exhibited memory impairments and despair-like behaviour in the novelty-suppressed feeding test and forced swim test, respectively. The animals also exhibited dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), striatum, and ventral tegmental area and a reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis. CBD decreased dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SNpc, reduced the mortality rate and decreased neuroinflammation in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In parallel, CBD prevented memory impairments and attenuated despair-like behaviour that were induced by bilateral intranigral 6-OHDA lesions. Repeated treatment with CBD favoured the neuronal maturation of newborn neurons in the hippocampus in Parkinsonian rats.

Conclusion:

The present findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of CBD on non-motor symptoms induced by intra-nigral 6-OHDA infusion in rats.
A brief history of the use of plastics
Authors: Dennis Louise
Published: May 2024

The appreciation or reception of materials can create a positive or a negative reaction in the user and an individual’s understanding of materials comes from their own experiential knowledge, influence of others, and cultural perception. The condemnation of the overuse of plastics materials and their impact on the environment when they become waste has, understandably, meant that today the cultural perception of plastics is largely that they are cheap, rubbish, throw away—all bad news. This position of negativity has been reached because we currently see the mismanagement of plastics waste as it blows about in the wind; we see it as rubbish in our streets, and as detritus in the oceans. However, our relationships with the material family, over the time they have existed, have had a varied and turbulent history with different perspectives generated by different people at different times. This article will briefly explore ‘a’, rather than ‘the’, history of the use of plastics with the aim of putting the current societal relationship with them into context.
Why do majoritarian systems benefit the right? Income groups and vote choice across different electoral systems
Authors: Liñeira Robert , Riera Pedro
Published: May 2024

This research note investigates how the voting behavior of middle-income citizens explains why right-wing parties tend to govern under majoritarian electoral rule. The growing literature that investigates the ideological effects of electoral systems has mostly focused on institutional explanations. However, whether the electoral rules overrepresent parties with some specific ideologies is also a matter of behavior. Building on Iversen and Soskice (2006), we test two arguments. First, middle-income groups are more likely to vote for the right under majoritarian rules because they fear the redistributive consequences of a victory of the left in these contexts. Second, middle-income earners particularly concerned with tax rates are particularly prone to vote differently across electoral systems. Combining survey evidence from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the New Zealand Election Study, we show that the voting behavior of middle-income citizens is indeed responsible for the predominance of the right under majoritarian systems.
Exploratory exploitation and exploitative exploration: The phenomenology of play and the computational dynamics of search
Authors: Moldoveanu Mihnea
Published: May 2024

I argue for a more complicated but nonetheless computationally feasible and algorithmically intelligible interplay between exploration and exploitation and for admitting into our conceptual toolkit regimes of exploitative exploration and exploratory exploitation that can enhance the novelty and usefulness of the results of either problemistic or serendipitous search.
The costs of curiosity and creativity: Minimizing the downsides while maximizing the upsides
Authors: Kashdan Todd B. , Kaufman James C. , McKnight Patrick E.
Published: May 2024

The unbridled positivity toward curiosity and creativity may be excessive. Both aid species survival through exploration and advancement. These beneficial effects are well documented. What remains is to understand their optimal levels and contexts for maximal achievement, health, and well-being. Every beneficial element to individuals and groups carries the potential for harm – curiosity and creativity included.
Electro-mechanical modeling and identification of the UR5 e-series robot
Authors: Clochiatti Enrico , Scalera Lorenzo , Boscariol Paolo , Gasparetto Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Collaborative robotics is a field of growing industrial interest, within which understanding the energetic behavior of manipulators is essential. In this work, we present the electro-mechanical modeling of the UR5 e-series robot through the identification of its dynamics and electrical parameters. By means of the identified robot model, it is then possible to compute and optimize the energy consumption of the robot during prescribed trajectories. The proposed model is derived from data acquired from the robot controller during bespoke experimental tests, using model identification procedures and datasheet provided by manipulator, motors, and gearbox manufacturers. The entire procedure does not require the use of any additional sensor, so it can be easily replicated with an off-the-shelf manipulator, and applied to other robots of the same family.
HETEROSKEDASTICITY ROBUST SPECIFICATION TESTING IN SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSION
Authors: Lee Jungyoon , Phillips Peter C. B. , Rossi Francesca
Published: May 2024

Spatial autoregressive (SAR) and related models offer flexible yet parsimonious ways to model spatial and network interactions. SAR specifications typically rely on a particular parametric functional form and an exogenous choice of the so-called spatial weight matrix with only limited guidance from theory in making these specifications. Also, the choice of a SAR model over other alternatives, such as spatial Durbin (SD) or spatial lagged X (SLX) models, is often arbitrary, raising issues of potential specification error. To address such issues, this paper develops a new specification test within the SAR framework that can detect general forms of misspecification including that of the spatial weight matrix, the functional form and the model itself. The test is robust to the presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form in the disturbances and the approach relates to the conditional moment test framework of Bierens ([1982, Journal of Econometrics 20, 105–134], [1990, Econometrica 58, 1443–1458]). The Bierens test is shown to be inconsistent in general against spatial alternatives and the new test introduces modifications to achieve test consistency in the spatial setting. A central element is the infinite-dimensional endogeneity induced by spatial linkages. This complexity is addressed by introducing a new component to the omnibus test that captures the effects of potential spatial matrix misspecification. With this modification, the approach leads to a simple pivotal test procedure with standard critical values that is the first test in the literature to have power against misspecifications in the spatial linkages. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test under the null hypothesis of correct SAR specification and prove consistency. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to study its finite sample performance. An empirical illustration on the performance of the test in modeling tax competition in Finland is included.
Integrating data science and neuroscience in developmental psychopathology: Formative examples and future directions
Authors: Hanson Jamie L. , Kahhalé Isabella , Sen Sriparna
Published: May 2024

This commentary discusses opportunities for advancing the field of developmental psychopathology through the integration of data science and neuroscience approaches. We first review elements of our research program investigating how early life adversity shapes neurodevelopment and may convey risk for psychopathology. We then illustrate three ways that data science techniques (e.g., machine learning) can support developmental psychopathology research, such as by distinguishing between common and diverse developmental outcomes after stress exposure. Finally, we discuss logistical and conceptual refinements that may aid the field moving forward. Throughout the piece, we underscore the profound impact of Dr Dante Cicchetti, reflecting on how his work influenced our own, and gave rise to the field of developmental psychopathology.
Industry, literature, and sociability: The effects of industrialisation of Asturian parishes according to Armando Palacio Valdés
Authors: Gómez-Martín María , Cañal-Fernández Verónica
Published: May 2024

Armando Palacio Valdés characterised the Asturian village of Sama de Langreo in his novel La aldea perdida (1903), as an unusual example of an industrialised population entity through four variables: the sale of fresh meat, the existence of street lighting, cafés, and public greenspaces. The aim of this article is to verify the author’s approach by comparing the state of the rest of the Asturian parishes at the time of the novel (1879). To do this, a methodology combining the use of literary sources and the analysis of historical documentary sources will be applied. The results obtained confirm the Asturian author’s assessment of the industrialisation process in Sama as an exceptional milestone for the province, as well as evidencing the slow pace of industrialisation in the rest of the Asturian parishes.
Almsforthe Rich: Impoverished Spanish Women in Pursuit of Making a Living in Late Colonial Lima
Authors: Quiroz Chueca Francisco
Published: May 2024

This article establishes the role white women played in shaping the urban labor force and the economy in late colonial times in Lima, roughly from 1790 to 1822. It focuses on the impoverished elite women who, by the end of the colonial period, had to ask for alms to avoid working with their own hands. An important part of the Limeño elites could not respond to the twofold challenge: the negative consequences of the economic and administrative reforms of the Bourbons, and the relative flexibilization of the social order in Lima by the end of the eighteenth century. Instead of adapting to new conditions, the Spanish elites generated a social discourse that reaffirmed status and ethnicity as a means to distinguish themselves from the “vicious” plebeian sectors. More than one thousand applications to Church relief programs serve as the main foundation of this article; they are made up of at least one fifth of the white female population of the city in 1806. The article enters into dialogue with studies on socio-labor practices and the history of gender and ethnicity by engaging with concrete experiences of poor elite women in a city considered to be the opulent center of the Spanish colonial power.
Kontakt statt Isolation
Authors: Mattmann Philipp , Müller Harald , Kräuchi Juliana , Melle Laura van , Jong Isa de
Published: May 2024

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Das „High and Intensive Care“-Modell (HIC) ist in den Niederlanden bereits seit zehn Jahren etabliert, hat in der Schweiz bisher aber noch nicht Fuß fassen können.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Erste Erfahrungsberichte aus der Schweizer Akutpsychiatrie liefern die Grundlage für eine Diskussion über die Einführung von HIC in der Schweiz.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Mit einem regelmäßigen Fachaustausch zu HIC-Projekten soll eine unterstützende und innovationsfördernde Community of Practice in der Schweiz geschaffen werden.
Particle‐Size‐Specific Radiocarbon Constraints Imply an Active Subsoil Organic Carbon Pool
Authors: Da Jiawei , Li Gen K. , Breecker Daniel O. , Ji Junfeng
Published: May 2024

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical player in the global carbon cycle and a common paleoclimate archive, yet the mechanisms governing its evolution, particularly in subsoil (>30 cm) systems, remain less well understood. To better characterize subsoil SOM dynamics, we investigated the isotopic compositions of SOM in fine (<2 μm) and coarser (>2 μm) grain‐size fractions of the top 2 m of a soil profile developing in eolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that in the subsoil, SOM in the fine fraction, characterized by lower C/N and higher δ13C, exhibits consistently younger radiocarbon ages than those in the coarser fraction. Such offsets suggest that organo‐mineral interactions facilitate fresh carbon input to the fine fraction rather than preventing SOM decomposition. We then developed a mass‐balance model to interpret the radiocarbon data. The results suggest continual carbon input from the above‐ground biosphere to the 2‐m deep subsoil. The active subsoil organic carbon cycling can lead to significant variations in δ13CSOM under an environment that experienced substantial vegetation changes, resulting in time‐averaged signals when using δ13CSOM for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Our study underscores the dynamic nature of the subsoil carbon pool, emphasizing its potentially underestimated role in the contemporary carbon cycle.
Evaluating metal cookware as a source of lead exposure
Authors: Fellows Katie M. , Samy Shar , Whittaker Stephen G.
Published: May 2024

Background

We previously demonstrated that aluminum cookware brought from Afghanistan by resettled families as well as some aluminum cookware available for purchase in the United States represent a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure. However, the extent to which this cookware represents a source of lead exposure to other United States residents is unclear.

Objectives

To test additional cookware for lead content and its propensity to leach lead and other toxic metals. This will further our understanding of the extent to which this cookware represents a lead poisoning risk in the United States and elsewhere.

Methods

We screened an additional 28 pieces of aluminum cookware and 5 brass items for lead content using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer and used our leachate method to estimate the amount of lead that migrates into food. We also tested 17 additional stainless steel items to determine whether they would be safer alternatives.

Results

Many aluminum cookware products contained in excess of 100 parts per million (ppm) of lead. Many also leached enough lead under simulated cooking and storage conditions to exceed recommended dietary limits. One hindalium appam pan (an Indian frying pan/wok) leached sufficient lead to exceed the childhood limit by 1400-fold. Brass cookpots from India also yielded high lead levels, with one exceeding the childhood limit by over 1200-fold. In contrast, stainless steel cookware leached much lower levels of lead.

Impact

Aluminum and brass cookware available for purchase in the United States represents a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure.
Endocannabinoids and related lipids linked to social exclusion in individuals with chronic non-medical prescription opioid use
Authors: Kroll Sara L. , Meier Philip , Mayo Leah M. , Gertsch Jürg , Quednow Boris B.
Published: May 2024

Opioid-related overdose deaths are still on the rise in North America, emphasizing the need to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms regarding the development of opioid use disorder (OUD). Recent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may play a crucial role in stress and reward, both involved in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. Animal models demonstrate a specific crosstalk between the ECS and the endogenous opioid system. However, translational studies in humans are scarce. Here, we investigated basal plasma levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyglycerol (2-AG), and eight endocannabinoid-related lipids, including oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), as well as whole blood fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity in chronic non-medical prescription opioid users (NMPOU; n = 21) compared to opioid-naïve healthy controls (n = 29) considering age, sex, and cannabis use as potential confounders. Additionally, the association of endocannabinoids and related lipids with the participants’ response to experimentally induced social exclusion was examined. We found significantly elevated basal AEA, OEA, and PEA levels in NMPOU compared to controls, but no differences in FAAH activity, 2-AG, or other endocannabinoid-related lipids. Within NMPOU, higher AEA levels were associated with lower perception of social exclusion. Robust positive correlations within N-acylethanolamines (i.e., AEA, OEA, and PEA) indicate strong metabolic associations. Together with our recent findings of elevated basal 2-AG levels in dependent cocaine users, present results indicate substance-specific alterations of the ECS that may have implications in the search for novel therapeutic interventions for these populations.
Outcomes of nonsurgical endodontic treatment under general anesthesia in special health care needs: An observational study
Authors: Alsalleeh Fahd , Albishry Fatima Y. , Aleyiydi Asrar S. , Aldossari Farah S. , Alharbi Norah H. , Alghofaily Maha , Althumairy Riyadh
Published: May 2024

Background and aim

The alarming rise in the number of people with special health care needs (SHCNs) necessitates a paradigm shift in how to approach their oral health needs. General anesthesia (GA) is a valuable technique for facilitating dental procedures in patients with SHCNs who may not be able to tolerate treatment without it. The aim was to assess nonsurgical endodontic treatment and outcomes in patients with SHCNs performed under GA.

Method

Seventy-eight permanent teeth in 33 patients who received nonsurgical endodontic treatment under GA were included between 2018 and 2022 in SHCNs hospital clinics. The demographic data, types of SHCNs, pulpal and periapical diagnosis, type of treatment, and material used were analyzed. All patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic examinations. Pre-treatment and recall periapical radiographs were evaluated and scored using the Periapical Index (PAI).

Results

Autism and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were 39.4% of patients treated. Most treatments delivered were primary nonsurgical root canal treatment (95%). Warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha for obturation accounted for 88% of cases treated. Single cone obturation technique was used in 9 cases (12%) utilizing tricalcium silicate sealer. At the recall visits, 98.7% of teeth treated had survived. Twelve teeth have pre-treatment periapical lesions, and all healed except one. Female patients were found to have higher scores of PAI compared to male patients (23.7% vs 7.5%), yet insignificant. Only 10 patients with nonsurgical root canal treatment reported recurrent caries.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a high survival rate for nonsurgical endodontic treatment performed under GA in a cohort of patients with SHCNs. Interestingly, patients with social and communication disorders received the highest proportion of treatments under GA. These findings highlight the potential of GA-facilitated endodontics for this population. However, further research is warranted to explore additional methods for optimizing oral health outcomes in SHCNs.
LncRNA TubAR complexes with TUBB4A and TUBA1A to promote microtubule assembly and maintain myelination
Authors: Liang Xiaolin , Gong Meng , Wang Zhikai , Wang Jie , Guo Weiwei , Cai Aoling , Yang Zhenye , Liu Xing , Xu Fuqiang , Xiong Wei , Fu Chuanhai , Wang Xiangting
Published: May 2024

A long-standing hypothesis proposes that certain RNA(s) must exhibit structural roles in microtubule assembly. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA (TubAR) that is highly expressed in cerebellum and forms RNA–protein complex with TUBB4A and TUBA1A, two tubulins clinically linked to cerebellar and myelination defects. TubAR knockdown in mouse cerebellum causes loss of oligodendrocytes and Purkinje cells, demyelination, and decreased locomotor activity. Biochemically, we establish the roles of TubAR in promoting TUBB4A–TUBA1A heterodimer formation and microtubule assembly. Intriguingly, different from the hypomyelination-causing mutations, the non-hypomyelination-causing mutation TUBB4A-R2G confers gain-of-function for an RNA-independent interaction with TUBA1A. Experimental use of R2G/A mutations restores TUBB4A–TUBA1A heterodimer formation, and rescues the neuronal cell death phenotype caused by TubAR knockdown. Together, we uncover TubAR as the long-elusive structural RNA for microtubule assembly and demonstrate how TubAR mediates microtubule assembly specifically from αβ-tubulin heterodimers, which is crucial for maintenance of cerebellar myelination and activity.
Ventral tegmental area dopamine projections to the hippocampus trigger long-term potentiation and contextual learning
Authors: Sayegh Fares J. P. , Mouledous Lionel , Macri Catherine , Pi Macedo Juliana , Lejards Camille , Rampon Claire , Verret Laure , Dahan Lionel
Published: May 2024

In most models of neuronal plasticity and memory, dopamine is thought to promote the long-term maintenance of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) underlying memory processes, but not the initiation of plasticity or new information storage. Here, we used optogenetic manipulation of midbrain dopamine neurons in male DAT::Cre mice, and discovered that stimulating the Schaffer collaterals – the glutamatergic axons connecting CA3 and CA1 regions - of the dorsal hippocampus concomitantly with midbrain dopamine terminals within a 200 millisecond time-window triggers LTP at glutamatergic synapses. Moreover, we showed that the stimulation of this dopaminergic pathway facilitates contextual learning in awake behaving mice, while its inhibition hinders it. Thus, activation of midbrain dopamine can operate as a teaching signal that triggers NeoHebbian LTP and promotes supervised learning.
Multiomic analyses uncover immunological signatures in acute and chronic coronary syndromes
Authors: Pekayvaz Kami , Losert Corinna , Knottenberg Viktoria , Gold Christoph , van Blokland Irene V. , Oelen Roy , Groot Hilde E. , Benjamins Jan Walter , Brambs Sophia , Kaiser Rainer , Gottschlich Adrian , Hoffmann Gordon Victor , Eivers Luke , Martinez-Navarro Alejandro , Bruns Nils , Stiller Susanne , Akgöl Sezer , Yue Keyang , Polewka Vivien , Escaig Raphael , Joppich Markus , Janjic Aleksandar , Popp Oliver , Kobold Sebastian , Petzold Tobias , Zimmer Ralf , Enard Wolfgang , Saar Kathrin , Mertins Philipp , Huebner Norbert , van der Harst Pim , Franke Lude H. , van der Wijst Monique G. P. , Massberg Steffen , Heinig Matthias , Nicolai Leo , Stark Konstantin
Published: May 2024

Acute and chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS) are leading causes of mortality. Inflammation is considered a key pathogenic driver of these diseases, but the underlying immune states and their clinical implications remain poorly understood. Multiomic factor analysis (MOFA) allows unsupervised data exploration across multiple data types, identifying major axes of variation and associating these with underlying molecular processes. We hypothesized that applying MOFA to multiomic data obtained from blood might uncover hidden sources of variance and provide pathophysiological insights linked to clinical needs. Here we compile a longitudinal multiomic dataset of the systemic immune landscape in both ACS and CCS (n = 62 patients in total, n = 15 women and n = 47 men) and validate this in an external cohort (n = 55 patients in total, n = 11 women and n = 44 men). MOFA reveals multicellular immune signatures characterized by distinct monocyte, natural killer and T cell substates and immune-communication pathways that explain a large proportion of inter-patient variance. We also identify specific factors that reflect disease state or associate with treatment outcome in ACS as measured using left ventricular ejection fraction. Hence, this study provides proof-of-concept evidence for the ability of MOFA to uncover multicellular immune programs in cardiovascular disease, opening new directions for mechanistic, biomarker and therapeutic studies.