bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The North German Basin: Some Unresolved Problems
Authors: Lerche I.
Published: July 2017

Based on information available from the seismic line DEKORP 9601, together with prior information from multiple wells, this paper presents four major unresolved problems for the North German Basin. These problems are:

What was the tectonic response of the basement through time, and how does one use present-day data to determine tectonic parameters, their uncertainties, and how they varied with time? What was the original Zechstein salt distribution in Permian time in the basin, how and when did the salt move, how much salt was dissolved, and how does one validate any estimates made using present-day data? How much material was uplifted in the SW of the North German Basin, how much was eroded and/or dissolved, and how does one confirm any estimates made? What were the causes of basinal sag in Rotliegend time and after, what fraction of the basinal sag was thermally caused, what fraction was tectonically driven, and what quantitative proof can be provided of the correctness of any such results?

These questions are put forward at this time because it would seem that a combination of the many borehole measurements in the basin (to a typical depth of around 4–5 km), together with information gleaned from the deep seismic line DEKORP 9601, may be sufficient to use with quantitative basin modelling codes in order to answer these questions in a less unequivocal manner than has been possible to date.
The Effect of Risk on Price Responses to Unexpected Earnings
Authors: Chambers Dennis J. , Freeman Robert N. , Koch Adam S.
Published: July 2017

We investigate the possibility that earnings response coefficients (ERCs) are increasing in total risk (i.e., the sum of systematic and unsystematic risk). Our study extends the investigation of the role of risk in returns-earnings relations initiated by Easton and Zmijewski (1989) and Collins and Kothari (1989). Using the standard valuation model in which expected dividends are discounted at risk-adjusted rates, those studies show that ERCs should decline with systematic risk because the present value of a revision in expected dividends declines as systematic risk increases. We refer to this possibility as the “denominator effect” of risk on ERCs. In contrast, we posit a “numerator effect” of risk on ERCs. Specifically, we suggest that ERCs may increase with total risk because the sensitivity of dividend expectations to firm-specific news is an increasing function of risk. Our empirical work finds a robust positive relation between ERCs and total risk that is both economically and statistically significant; however, we find little empirical support for a negative relation between ERCs and systematic risk.
Large and Small Firm Stock Price Response to “Heard on the Street” Recommendations
Authors: Huth William L. , Maris Brian A.
Published: July 2017

Stock price response to analyst recommendations in the Wall Street Journal “Heard on the Street” column are examined for their usefulness in short-term trade decision making. The stock price response relation to firm size is also examined. Information from the column appears to produce statistically significant but economically insignificant stock price movements. Firm size is important only for negative comments in the column.
Monitoring and Subcontracting Arrangement with a Collusive Supervisor
Authors: Cheh John J. , Paik Tae-Young
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates the optimal performance evaluation scheme of a supervisor who monitors a worker in a setting where the worker can collude with the supervisor. We study the setting where the supervisor's incentive problem results from collusion, not from work aversion. In the owner-supervisor-worker structure, the supervisor monitors the worker's effort and reports to the owner. The owner evaluates the worker based on the supervisor's report and imposes less risk on the worker, saving the risk premium to him. To prevent collusion between the supervisor and the worker, the owner must hold the supervisor responsible for the worker's performance, paying risk premium to the supervisor. Examples show that the owner prefers the owner-supervisor-worker structure to the owner-worker structure when the worker is very risk averse relative to the supervisor. Examples also show that if the supervisor and the worker can make side transfers for risk sharing as well as for collusion, the owner might prefer the owner-supervisor-worker structure only when the supervisor's risk aversion is neither too great nor too small. When the supervisor is close to risk neutral, either his limited liability or high reservation utility makes it too costly to hire him. The subcontracting structure where the supervisor is delegated to contract with the worker is shown to be performance equivalent to the owner-supervisor-worker structure. In the subcontracting, the supervisor's direct control on the worker's compensation plays the same role that the supervisor's report does in the three-tier hierarchy.
Dividend Buying: Linking Dividend Announcements and Ex-Dividend Day Effects
Authors: Bowers Helen M. , Fehrs Donald
Published: July 2017

We provide a plausible explanation for earlier findings that positive abnormal stock returns associated with dividend announcements persist for several days and that abnormal volume and stock returns commence several days before a stock's ex-dividend day. This study links these two sets of findings to the short-term investment strategy of dividend buying by relating the abnormal returns and trading volume to individual stock characteristics favored by dividend buyers, namely the stock's return variance and dividend yield. We conclude that dividend buying is at least partially responsible for the abnormal returns and volume found between dividend announcement and ex-dividend days.
A Structured Sensitivity Analysis for a Markov Model of Accounts Receivable
Authors: Stanford Robert E.
Published: July 2017

We develop algebraic methods for a general sensitivity analysis of the classic Cyert-Davidson-Thompson model of a system of accounts receivable, and use the resulting analytical relationships to investigate the stability of estimates for the losses from doubtful accounts (bad debts) and the present value of interest income generated by charges to the accounts. The limits of applicability of our results are examined by means of a comprehensive numerical analysis of the realizable values of the coefficients in the derived relationships from a four-state model. It was found that neither bad debt losses nor interest income are overly sensitive, in general, to changes in the probabilities of transition between the account age categories, but that some of these probabilities are more critical than others. It was also found that a given percentage increase in the new charge growth rate usually produces approximately the same percentage decrease in the bad debt loss rate.
Determinants of Corporate Strategy and Gains of Acquiring Firms
Authors: Zantout Zaher Z. , O'Reilly-Allen Margaret
Published: July 2017

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationships between the governance structure of a firm and its choice of corporate strategy. Using a sample of 102 corporate takeovers, it finds that the probability of engaging in a diversification program decreases when the board of directors is dominated by outsiders, but it increases when the CEO is also the chairperson of the board. In addition, it finds that the gains to the shareholders of the acquiring firm are smaller when the CEO is also the chairperson of the board.
Early Exposure to Recommended Calorie Delivery in the Intensive Care Unit Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Peterson Sarah J. , Lateef Omar B. , Freels Sally , McKeever Liam , Fantuzzi Giamila , Braunschweig Carol A.
Published: July 2017

Background: The Intensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury: Clinical Trial (INTACT), designed to evaluate outcomes of calorie delivery from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) diagnosis through hospital discharge, was stopped due to higher mortality in the intervention group. Post hoc analysis found timing and dose of calorie delivery influenced mortality. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if early vs late calorie exposure changed the hazard of death among a larger sample of patients with ARDS. Methods: Adult patients who met the eligibility criteria for INTACT but did not participate were included. Daily calorie delivery was collected from the date INTACT eligibility was determined to extubation or death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the relationship between hazard of hospital death with average calorie exposure received over increasing study days and after day 7. Results: A total of 298 patients were included; overall mortality was 33%. Among patients who remained intubated at 1 week (n = 202), higher kcal/kg received from intensive care unit (ICU) days 1–6 increased hazards of subsequent death on days 7+ (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06); kcal/kg received after ICU day 7 decreased the hazards of death on day 7+ (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.84). Conclusions: Higher calorie exposure between ICU days 1 and 7 was associated with higher subsequent hazard of mortality, and provision of high‐calorie exposure after day 8 decreased the hazards of death.
De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ukleja Andrew , Alkhairi Baker , Bejarano Pablo , Podugu Amareshwar
Published: July 2017

Teduglutide (TG) is approved for the treatment of parenteral nutrition (PN)–dependent adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Its well‐known adverse effect is expedited growth of colon polyps and potential formation of new polyps. Apart from animal studies, de novo development of duodenal polyps in a patient during TG therapy has not been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 71‐year‐old man with SBS on TG who developed multiple new duodenal polyps that were found incidentally during a diagnostic endoscopy. Furthermore, an accelerated growth of duodenal polyps was noted while on TG therapy, suggesting a potential trophic effect of TG on these polyps. There are no current recommendations for the surveillance of intestinal polyps in patients on TG therapy, but we recommend exercising caution and possible need for surveillance based on this case report.
No cosmopolitan morality without state sovereignty
Authors: Mikalsen Kjartan Koch
Published: July 2017

This article takes issue with the common view that cosmopolitan normative commitments are incompatible with recognition of state sovereignty as a basic principle of international law. Against influential cosmopolitans, who at best ascribe a derivative significance to the sovereignty of states, the article argues that state sovereignty is not only compatible with, but also essential to the recognition of individuals as units of ultimate concern. The argument challenges a problematic distributive conception of justice underlying many cosmopolitans’ support for reforms of the international legal order towards a system where respect for basic human rights is the only criterion for political legitimacy. An alternative relational conception of justice makes it possible to see why there is an internal connection between the rights of individuals and the rights of states. The argument adds up to a novel defence of the so-called domestic analogy, which regards the territorial integrity of states as an international parallel to the bodily integrity of individuals.
Book Review: Phillip J. Bryson, Socialism: Origins, Expansion, Decline, and the Attempted Revival in the United States
Authors: Apolte Thomas
Published: July 2017

Phillip J. Bryson, Socialism: Origins, Expansion, Decline, and the Attempted Revival in the United States. Bloomington, IN: XLibris, pp. 834, $23.99, ISBN: 978-1-5144-1459-0 (paperback).
Nitrogen and Argon Standard Adsorption Isotherms on Low Energy Surfaces
Authors: Gobet J. , Kováts E. sz.
Published: July 2017

The following experimental approach was used to obtain nitrogen and argon standard isotherms at the boiling temperature of the adsorbates. The surface of hydrated fume silicas and silica gels of widely differing structures were covered by the densest monomolecular organosiloxy layer. The specific surface area of these surface-modified samples was obtained in two different ways. First, it was calculated by assuming the uniform globular model for the structure of the silicon dioxide starting material. Second, within a group of silicas covered by the same substituent, relative surface areas were determined by direct comparison of the adsorption isotherm of a sample with that measured on one of the silicas elected as a standard. Calculated surface areas gave excellent correlation with those obtained by direct comparison. Reference isotherms were derived by this study giving the complete information necessary for the determination of specific surface areas of powders having similar surface properties to those studied in the present work.
An Analysis of Spectroscopic Results for the NO/Ni Adsorption System
Authors: Refolio M. C. , Sancho J. M. López , Rubio J.
Published: July 2017

A simple model of open-shell adsorbates on narrow-band transition metals has been applied to the special case of NO adsorbed on Ni. Properties of both the ground state and some excited states relevant to ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) are considered in some detail. Assuming the surface bond to be dominated by the NO-2π* orbitals, it is found that: (a) the ground state configuration corresponds to a spin-paired solution, (b) no multiplet structure is predicted for UPS from inner levels (4σ, 1π, 5σ) and (c) UPS from 2π electron states should give a peak at about 2 eV below the Fermi level. These conclusions which are somewhat unexpected from the properties of the NO molecule in the gas phase (i.e. paramagnetic) agree with experimental observations.
Equilibrium Studies on the Adsorption of Glycine on Resin
Authors: Nassar Mamdouh M.
Published: July 2017

The removal of amino acid during the manufacture of sugar cane reduces the side reactions during the processing of cane syrup. Adsorption studies of amino acid (glycine) on resin yield results which conform with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The ultimate capacity of the resin as an adsorbent increased with temperature. The rate parameter for different initial amino acid concentrations (C0) obeyed the equation kC0 = 0.367C00.632. The controlling step was mainly interparticle diffusion (the activation energy being 2.407 kJ/mol), although a small boundary layer resistance was experienced in the early stages of adsorption.
Non-Specific Adsorption of Hydrocarbons on Microporous Surfaces: A Comprehensive Molecular-Statistical/Chromatographic Approach
Authors: Aksenenko E.V. , Tarasevich Yu. I.
Published: July 2017

The results are presented of a series of investigations concerning the application of the molecular-statistical approach to the calculation of thermodynamic quantities for the adsorption of molecules in the Henry region on adsorbent surfaces possessing certain surface symmetry properties, and in particular for systems characterized by dispersion and polarization attraction and short-range atom-atom repulsion. Computational methods have been developed and the results for particular adsorption systems are presented with emphasis on the adsorption properties of layer silicates. Good correspondence between the calculated results and chromatographic data for a number of adsorbents strongly supports the view that the combination of chromatographic and molecular-statistical methods provides a powerful tool for the investigation of the structural and adsorption-selective characteristics of surface-porous adsorbents.
Chromatographic Utilization of the Sorption Behaviour of Some Nitrophenols on Acid-Treated Alumina
Authors: Jha Sangeeta , Mundhara G.L. , Sharma R.M. , Tiwari J.S.
Published: July 2017

Alumina for adsorption chromatography has been subjected to chemical pretreatment with HNO3 and CH3COOH of various concentrations and samples of surface-phase pH 1.5–9.0 [Al2O3(n)] and 3.0–9.0 [Al2O3(a)] prepared. The surface area, NO−3 and CH3COO− ion content and OH− ion-exchange capacity of the samples were determined. Sorption/desorption studies of the nitrophenols, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA), from aqueous solution under a variety of experimental conditions, were carried out on the substrates. Sorption was found to depend on the pH of the substrate and the acid used for pretreatment. Mximum sorption was observed at pH 6.0 [Al2O3(n)] and pH 5.0 [Al2O3(a)]. The process was fast (10 min to 24 h) and exothermic (30–60°C), with low values for the isosteric heats of adsorption (−7 to −64 kJ/mol). The desorption efficiency and retarding influence of the anions on adsorption was in the order: PO3–4 > C2O2–4 > SO2–4 > CH3COO− > NO−3 Acid treatment, and hence the anion present (NO−3 or CH3COO−), appears to modify the sorption properties of alumina significantly. Anion-exchange sorption and weak chemical interactions (hydrogen bonding and π-electron interaction) appear to control the sorption of the solutes on pretreated alumina. The distribution coefficients for adsorption and desorption have been determined, and on the basis of these data the elution behaviour and column chromatography of the system examined.
Study of the Adsorption/Oxidation of Methanol over Vanadium Pentoxide
Authors: Sambeth Jorge , Gambaro Luis , Thomas Horacio
Published: July 2017

A study of the electric properties of sintered polycrystalline samples of V2O5 under a CH3OH atmosphere and without added extra oxygen has been performed as a function of time. The gas composition was determined by mass spectrometry in the range 373–473 K. It has been concluded from the results that initial adsorption and further oxidation of CH3OH to different products occurs. A possible mechanism for reaction of the intermediates is suggested. The presence of (CH3O)2CH2 (methylal), H2CO, CO, HCOOCH3, CO2, CH3OCH2OH (hemimethylal) and H2O has been detected by mass spectrometry, their relative amounts being dependent on both the temperature and time of contact.
Finite Element Impact Analysis of Doubly Curved Laminated Composite Shells
Authors: Marri Dipak K. , Sinha P. K.
Published: July 2017

In the present investigation the Sanders shallow shell theory in conjunction with the Reissner-Mindlin shear deformation theory are employed to develop a finite element analysis procedure to study the impact response of doubly curved laminated composite shells. The finite element method employs the nine-noded quadratic isoparametric elements of Langrangian family. The results obtained from the present analysis are compared with those in the literature. Numerical results are obtained for cylindrical and spherical shells to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as radius to span ratio, span to thickness ratio, boundary condition and stacking sequence on the impact behavior of the target structure.
Suppression of Low Frequency Structural Vibrations Using Intelligent Control Methods
Authors: Ohkami Yoshiaki , Matunaga Saburo , Yu Yimei , Ishii Atsuya
Published: July 2017

To suppress the low frequency vibration of Large Space Structures, the possibility of using a proof-mass based actuator is discussed. In order to avoid instabilities caused by the effect of the actuator's own natural frequency on the low frequency components of the structural vibration, it is proposed that the only control force be the electromagnetic force generated by the actuator and that there be no mechanical spring between the moving and the fixed parts of the actuator. In this configuration, it is easy for the moving mass of the actuator to exceed the stroke limit, so the actuator must be controlled to avoid these limits. Using the proposed actuator, three kinds of intelligent control methods are considered in order to achieve reliable control of the low frequency vibrations: fuzzy control, dithered fuzzy control, and rule based crisp control. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms.
Oxycodone in Palliative Care—Art and Empathy Still Have a Place
Authors: Tormey William P.
Published: July 2017

A 47-year-old woman who was receiving palliative care for metastatic breast cancer, which included oxycodone, was found dead in bed. The femoral blood level of oxycodone at autopsy was 1200 µg/L, which is a value within the lethal range. Could the cause of death be attributed to misadventure or suicide? Would the coroner consider a recommendation of therapeutic drug monitoring in palliative care which could have a serious negative impact on pain relief practice? A narrative verdict was the outcome linking the primary cause of death with the drug cocktail found at autopsy.
Impact of Knowledge of Health Conditions on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Varies Among US Adults
Authors: Park Sohyun , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Pan Liping , Blanck Heidi M.
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

This study examined associations between knowledge of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB)-related health conditions and SSB intake among US adults.

Design:

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Subject:

The 2014 SummerStyles survey data for 4163 US adults (≥18 years) were used.

Measures:

The outcome measure was frequency of SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sports or energy drinks, sweetened coffee/tea drinks). Exposure measures were knowledge of 6 SSB-related health conditions: weight gain, diabetes, cavities, high cholesterol, heart disease, and hypertension.

Analysis:

Six logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d according to knowledge of SSB-related health conditions.

Results:

Overall, 37.8% of adults reported consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d. Although most adults identified that weight gain (80.2%), diabetes (73.6%), and cavities (71.8%) are related to drinking SSBs, fewer adults identified high cholesterol (24.1%), heart disease (31.5%), and hypertension (33.0%) as being related to drinking SSBs. Crude analyses indicated that lower SSB intake was significantly associated with knowledge of the associations between SSBs and weight gain, diabetes, cavities, and heart disease. However, after adjustment for covariates, only lack of knowledge of the association between heart disease and SSBs was significantly associated with consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d (OR = 1.29) than non-SSB consumers.

Conclusions:

The finding that knowledge of SSB-related health conditions, in general, was not associated with high SSB intake suggests that knowledge on SSB-related health conditions alone may not be sufficient for adult behavior change.
Cost-effectiveness of microscopy of urethral smears for asymptomatic Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis in men in England
Authors: Sutton Andrew J , Roberts Tracy E , Jackson Louise , Saunders John , White Peter J , Birger Ruthie , Estcourt Claudia
Published: July 2017

The objective was to determine whether or not the limited use of urethral microscopy to diagnose asymptomatic and symptomatic non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) in men is a cost-effective strategy to avert pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy or infertility in female partners. Outputs from a transmission dynamic model of NCNGU in a population of 16–30 year olds in England simulating the number of consultations, PID cases and patients treated over time amongst others, were used along with secondary data to undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis carried out from a health care provider perspective. The main outcome measure was cost per case of PID averted. A secondary outcome measure was cost per major outcome averted, where a major outcome is a case of symptomatic PID, ectopic pregnancy, or infertility. Offering a limited number of asymptomatic men urethral microscopy was more effective than the current practice of no microscopy in terms of reducing the number of cases of PID with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £15,700, meaning that an investment of £15,800 is required to avert one case of PID. For major outcomes averted, offering some asymptomatic men urethral microscopy was again found to be more effective than no microscopy, but here an investment of £49,900 is required to avert one major outcome. Testing asymptomatic men for NCNGU in a small number of genitourinary medicine settings in England is not cost-effective, and thus by maintaining the current practice of not offering this patient group microscopy, this continues to make savings for the health care provider.
Identifying extreme pluvials in the last millennia using optical dating of single grains of quartz from shorelines on Australia’s largest lake
Authors: Cohen Tim J , Meyer Michael C , May Jan-Hendrik
Published: July 2017

The filling of Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre (KT-LE), Australia’s ‘inland sea’ has captured scientific and cultural interest for over a century and a half. However, despite the presence of multiple shorelines around the modern playa at or near the modern maximum lake-filling levels, no quantitative estimates of major late-Holocene filling events have ever been documented. We develop a preliminary chronological data set using single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on lake shoreline samples in order to determine the timing of large lake-filling events (equivalent to 1974 Common Era (CE) as Australia’s wettest year on record) for KT-LE, Australia’s largest lake basin. Despite quartz grains with very low natural dose luminescence (Ln) signal, we derive palaeodoses from geologically recent deposits (decades to centuries) using standard rejection criteria and highlight no signs of partial bleaching but occasional bioturbation in modern deposits. Major modern filling episodes, such as the1974 and 1949/1950 filling events, are successfully captured in the geochronological record, as are two major lake-filling episodes in 1854 ± 21 CE years and 1598–1654 CE. Two additional periods of potential lake-filling events have been identified at 1.2 ± 0.09 and 1.9 ± 0.14 ka, but stratigraphic control on these events is less robust. These chronostratigraphic records, while discontinuous, provide important hydrological evidence for extreme pluvial events akin to 1974 or 1949/1950, and the approach holds promise for identifying climate extremes and landscape response over the late Holocene.
Components of variance in a group-randomized trial analysed via a random-coefficients model: the Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) trial
Authors: Murray David M , Feldman Henry A , McGovern Paul G ,   For the REACT Study Group
Published: July 2017

Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) was a multisite trial testing a community intervention to reduce the delay between onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and patients' arrival at a hospital emergency department. The study employed a group-randomized trial design, with ten communities randomized from within matched pairs to each of two conditions. REACT also employed continuous data collection, based on surveillance of heart attack patients in community emergency departments. They analysed their data by comparing the mean slope for delay time in the ten intervention communities to the mean slope estimated in the ten control communities. Because no estimates of slope variation were available a priori, REACT was sized using approximations based on more traditional designs. In this paper, we present the slope and residual error variances as estimated from the REACT data and examine their influence on the power of the trial post hoc. We also examine the power of the trial as it would have been given a more traditional pretest-post-test design with analysis via a comparison of the net difference in condition means pretest vs post-test.
Book Review: Joanna Kempner (2014), Not Tonight: Migraine and the politics of gender and health
Authors: Whooley Owen
Published: July 2017

Joanna Kempner (2014), Not Tonight: Migraine and the politics of gender and health. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, xv + 237pp., US $27.50 (Paper), ISBN: 978-0-226-17-9155.
Fruit of divine mercy, mark of true faith: Luther on friendship in John 15:14–16
Authors: Cooper Adam G.
Published: July 2017

My task is guided by a question relevant to the specific theme of this issue of Pacifica, yet also of wide ranging ecumenical importance: how may Luther contribute to a 21st-century discussion by Christian theologians on the question of friendship, and perhaps even point the way for us to deepen ecumenical friendships at this point in history when we have cause to reconsider – somewhat painfully – 500 years of western Christianity in schism? My goal is to offer some of Luther’s reflections on the passage in John’s Gospel in which Jesus addresses his disciples no longer as servants, but as friends. They occur in a sermonic commentary on the Johannine Farewell Discourse compiled in 1537. In expounding on friendship with Christ, with its concomitant duty to keep the command of love, Luther here expresses his deep conviction that faith in Christ is concretely indistinguishable from identification with the church-community. The Christ who elects his own and calls them his friends is essentially a totus Christus, that is, simultaneously object of saving faith and Spirit-filled, embodied sacramental community.
The ministry of friendship
Authors: Edgar Brian
Published: July 2017

It is important for the church to take seriously the words of Jesus, ‘I no longer call you servants, but friends’ (John 15:15) and locate servanthood – and ministry as a whole – within the context of divine friendship rather than within the context of modern conceptions of leadership. When servant-leadership is the dominant model of ministry it tends towards practices based on obligation rather than grace and creates practical difficulties for practitioners. Ministry can be defined in terms of the formation of friendship with God and others with benefits for community life, pastoral care and leadership.
Authentic friendship in the age of social media
Authors: Forbes Cameron
Published: July 2017

Social networking is an important form of communication for many people today. The language of friendship is sometimes embedded in the operational structure of social media, as is demonstrated by the example of ‘Facebook friends’. This article seeks to examine the nature of friendships as they are mediated by the technology of social networking. It builds a notion of ‘authentic friendship’ by drawing upon the fields of both philosophy and theology, examining several conceptions of friendship as it has been recognised before the advent of social networking. It then examines the contemporary practices of social media users from a behavioural standpoint, drawing conclusions as to the authenticity of different aspects of those relationships.
Novel Double Osteotomy Technique of Distal Tibia for Correction of Asymmetric Varus Osteoarthritic Ankle
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Ruiz Roxa , Barg Alexej
Published: July 2017

Background:

A most challenging condition for balancing a varus arthritic ankle is the presence of a defect in the medial tibial plafond. After our initial results with a medial tibial plafondplasty did not fulfill our expectations of success, we hypothesized that adding a correcting supramalleolar osteotomy of the distal tibia would move the loading force to the tibiotalar joint more medially and move the center of rotation of the talus more laterally. In this study, we analyzed midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with double tibial osteotomy.

Methods:

Between January 2005 and February 2010, 20 patients were treated with a medial tibial plafondplasty and a medial supramalleolar osteotomy of the distal tibia. The mean age of the patients was 44 ± 12 years (range, 17-60 years). Follow-up averaged 5.9 ± 2.1 years (range, 4-11.2 years). Weight-bearing radiographs were used to assess osteotomy union and hindfoot alignment.

Results:

There were no intraoperative or perioperative complications. The average VAS pain score decreased significantly from 7.9 ± 1.3 (range, 6-10) to 1.3 ± 1.6 (range, 0-7). The average AOFAS hindfoot score increased significantly from 49 ± 15 points (range, 36-68) preoperatively to 86 ± 12 points (range, 66-96) postoperatively. The varus tilt improved significantly from 19.4° ± 8.2° (range, 6°-32°) to 6.9° ± 3.9° (range, 1°-12°).

Conclusion:

The novel double osteotomy was found to be an efficient and successful method to restore tibiotalar joint congruency and to normalize hindfoot alignment.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, prospective cohort study.
Model Selection in Continuous Test Norming With GAMLSS
Authors: Voncken Lieke , Albers Casper J. , Timmerman Marieke E.
Published: July 2017

To compute norms from reference group test scores, continuous norming is preferred over traditional norming. A suitable continuous norming approach for continuous data is the use of the Box–Cox Power Exponential model, which is found in the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. Applying the Box–Cox Power Exponential model for test norming requires model selection, but it is unknown how well this can be done with an automatic selection procedure. In a simulation study, we compared the performance of two stepwise model selection procedures combined with four model-fit criteria (Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, generalized Akaike information criterion (3), cross-validation), varying data complexity, sampling design, and sample size in a fully crossed design. The new procedure combined with one of the generalized Akaike information criterion was the most efficient model selection procedure (i.e., required the smallest sample size). The advocated model selection procedure is illustrated with norming data of an intelligence test.
Noncognitive Long-Term Prediction of College Grades by the Academic Performance Scale
Authors: Giddan Norman S. , Jurs Stephen G. , Andberg Marcia , Bunnell Paul
Published: July 2017

This paper reports on the validation of the Academic Performance (AP) Scale, a 40-item true-false, noncognitive questionnaire for each gender, designed to predict college grade point average. The AP Scale predicted college grades in small samples of undergraduates with correlations ranging from .35 to .63 and predicted long-term (at least 5 years) final college grades for men ( r = .37, n = 129) and women, ( r = .41, n = 120). The AP Scale also differentiated among student groups based upon both academic performance and enrollment status at the end of 2 years of college.
Acculturation of Asian American University Students
Authors: Iwamasa Gayle Y.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of acculturation among Asian American university students at a large midwestern university using the SL-ASIA. With this sample, results in general support initial and follow-up findings of the scale's concurrent validity with college students from the West Coast and Rocky Mountain areas. Although no gender differences in level of acculturation were found, analyses comparing foreign-born and U.S.-born participants provided further evidence of concurrent validity for the scale.
The Public Health Worker as an Agent of Socio-Cultural Change
Authors: Bois Cora Du
Published: July 2017

This is the Third Annual Dorothy B. Nyswander Lecture, It was delivered in Berkeley, April 24, 1959. The lectureship was established in honor of Dr. Nyswander upon her retirement as Professor of Health Education at the University of California.
Power and Participation in the Local Community
Authors: Kornhauser William
Published: July 2017

What kinds of people actively oppose fluoridation? Is it really such legislation that they are opposing? Dr. Kornhauser offers an analysis of certain underlying factors in community controversies.
Decision-Making in Small Groups
Authors: Ratoosh Philburn
Published: July 2017

Dr. Ratoosh has based this paper on an address he gave at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Public Health Educators in San Francisco on October 29, 1960.
‘It'S All about the APPS’: Parental Mediation of Pre-Schoolers' Digital Lives
Authors: Holloway Donell , Green Lelia , Love Carlie
Published: July 2017

A young mother with a two-year-old and a four-year-old is asked about her experience of parenting. ‘I can't believe how much is different, ‘she says, ‘between the first child and the second. It's all about the apps.’ Elsewhere in the room, the two pre-schoolers are absorbed in collaborative play with an iPad. Across the continent, a distant relative prepares for a pre-arranged Skype session with her young niece and nephew. She wonders whether the youngest, who has never video-conferenced before, will recognise and talk to her. These children are growing up with a game changer. What had been hailed as ‘the Semantic Web’ is turning out to be something creatively different. This article uses a series of vignettes to examine the power of the app, from Playschool Playtime to Skype, to highlight, analyse and discuss young children's (aged from birth to five) digital interventions facilitated by a download and touchscreen technologies.
Female Role Portrayal: An Exploratory Analysis of Australian Television Advertising
Authors: Dowling Graham R
Published: July 2017

A content analysis of the sex-role stereotypes of women portrayed in a survey of Australian television advertising was undertaken. Only 5% of women were depicted as Sex Objects—a finding at odds with those who claim that advertising continually exploits the female body as a sales vehicle. But only 9% of advertisements showed women in a career role. This finding provides some support for the contention that a considerable lag exists between social change and its reflection in television advertising.
The Changing Face of the Television Industry
Authors: Harrison Kate
Published: July 2017

In the last few months the face of television station ownership in Australia has changed dramatically. While a year ago it looked as if major owners such as Packer and Murdoch would remain in a dominant position in the television industry for the foreseeable future, now both Packer and Murdoch have sold off their stations, and media watchers are facing a new line-up of television owners.
Public Opinion and Media Concentration
Authors: Mayer Henry
Published: July 2017

While, in February 1987, 61% of Australians believed that the Government should restrict the concentration of media ownership in Australia and 48% were concerned by the Murdoch takeover, the very young, the unskilled, and women were least concerned.
UK Media Publications: 1986
Authors: Masterman Len
Published: July 2017

Quantity is more evident than quality in the 1986 crop of British media books. Chronic lack of funding and opportunities for serious long-term research into the media in universities, polytechnics and colleges is reflected in a general absence of sustained reflective work in the publishers' lists. Indeed the one media book published in the UK in 1986 which is stilt likely to be of indisputable value in 1996 is an American book, Roland Marchand's meticulous account of American advertising between 1920–40, Advertising the American Dream. It is, by some distance, the best media book of the year, though it is unlikely to shift perceptions of its subject as markedly as two outstanding earlier studies, Daniel Pope's The Making of Modern Advertising (1983) and Michael Schudson's Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion (1984).
Tourism Demand: Characteristics, Segmentation and Aggregation
Authors: Morley Clive L.
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to advance the understanding of the micro-economic foundations of tourism demand theory, particularly through bringing out some of the implications of the tour characteristics approach to utility analysis, and also through explicitly linking the micro-economic theory of the individual tourist to the aggregate level demand models as actually estimated. Important implications of the tour characteristics theory are that it yields theoretical rationales for the importance of market segmentation of tourism demand, and for tourism product differentiation. Consideration of the aggregation issues in the particular context of tourism demand shows aggregation to be justified and feasible when the market is segmented. Market segmentation is shown to be theoretically important for good tourism demand models, supporting its generally observed practical usefulness. Alternatively, aggregation can be justified through a random utility argument that assumes independence of individuals' tour decisions.
Dynamic Price Response of Inbound Tourism Guest-Nights in Sweden
Authors: Hultkrantz Lars
Published: July 2017

The paper studies monthly accommodation numbers data for visitors from five countries: the USA, FR Germany, Norway, Denmark and Finland to Sweden in the period 1978–93. The focus is on the dynamic response of guest-night numbers to changes in the relative destination price level, in the Swedish VAT-rate on tourism services, and to the Chernobyl accident and the Gulf War. The statistical estimations are made using two approaches: (1) transfer function modelling with seasonal ARIMA (SARIMAX) and (2) general-to-specific estimation of autoregressive distributive lags (ARDL) models. Step changes in the price level and tax-rate variables give rise to seasonally oscillating responses. The price-level responses seem to be mixes of own-price and cross-price effects. The results confirm earlier findings of negative Chernobyl-accident effects on incoming tourism and also indicate that negative effects from Gulf War deterrence of long-distant international travel were mitigated by increases in visits from neighbour countries.
TSAs and the WTTC/WEFA Methodology: Different Satellites or Different Planets?
Authors: Smith Stephen L. J. , Wilton David
Published: July 2017

Differences between real tourism satellite accounts and the WTTC/WEFA ‘simulated tourism satellite accounts’ are described. These differences are both conceptual and methodological, including the fact that the World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC) methodology fails to conform to the World Tourism Organization/UN definitions. Some empirical problems associated with the WTTC methodology also are detailed. These include the inappropriate use of Consumer Price Index weightings and WTTC's reliance on US data sources to make inferences about other nations' economies. The paper concludes that the WTTC methodology does not represent a ‘simulated tourism satellite account’.
Experimental study of effects of track systems on static and dynamic behavior of railway bridges
Authors: Sung Deok-Yong , Han Sung-Cheon
Published: July 2017

The characteristic exposure of railway bridges to periodic live loads makes an understanding of their dynamic behavior important to their design and construction. This, together with the fact that the behavior of a railway bridge is affected by its track system, has prompted our study of the static and dynamic properties of such bridges. The deflection and stress due to the bending moment were measured, and the location of the neutral axis of each section, the natural frequency, and the damping ratio were analyzed for three systems: girder only, ballast track, and concrete track with various stiffnesses of resilience pad of rail fastening system. Compared to the ballast track, the concrete track extended the location of the neutral axis of the structure by about 6% in the upward direction. Moreover, the dynamic responses of the structure linearly increased with the maximum load and dramatically increased with the load amplitude during resonance. However, the damping ratio was the same with and without a track system. These results confirm the importance of a track system on the essential behavior of railway bridges, especially when a concrete track system is used.
Researching Occupational Mortality: The Problem of Comparison
Authors: Olsen Jorn , Sabroe Svend
Published: July 2017

In a number of countries, studies on occupational mortality have proved to be a useful epidemiological tool for the surveillance of on-the-job health risks. In Scandinavia, studies of this type are facilitated by record linkages made possible by the personal identity number. Health selection of occupational groups makes the problem of comparison one of critical interest in analytical epidemiology of occupational mortality and morbidity. Three generally applied principles in choosing control groups are discussed. Uses of random samples of the whole population will most likely yield under-or overestimates of the true risk of the occupation. It is recommended that comparison groups be introduced from other occupations or from the same occupation if possible making the groups similar with respect to socio-economic factors and especially health selection.
Health Problems of 14–16-Year-Old Schoolchildren: A Follow-up of Previous Health and Behavioural Assessments
Authors: Kornfält Ragnhild
Published: July 2017

Health and behavioural assessments of 352 children, previously examined at 10–12 years of age, were followed up at 14–16 years of age within the School Health Services. The health problems of the 14–16-year-olds were more serious than those of the younger children, with the onset of chronic illnesses such as terminal ileitis and diabetes. The prevalence of visual disorders increased, mainly with the development of myopia in 15.6% of all children. The functional importance of allergic disorders diminished with age. Twelve percent of the children had pronounced educational and/or adjustment problems and were discussed at the pupil personnel conference. 6.5% were given remedial education and 2.8% were partially exempted from school. There was a predominance of boys and working class children among the ‘pupil act' children. One-third of them were also registered at the Social Welfare Board because of social problems in the families. The behavioural assessments made of the children at 10–12 years of age predicted problems in half the cases, mainly in the teachers' assessments. The school health service is effective in detecting and taking care of physical illnesses and has the important task of supporting children with adjustment difficulties and in acting as counsellor to teachers having children with school problems.
Risk Factors and Reported Sick Leave among Employees of Saab-Scania, Linköping, Sweden, between the Ages of 50 and 59
Authors: Andersson Gunnar , Malmgren Sture
Published: July 2017

An investigation group, consisting of all 1313 employees in the age range 50–59 years, in 1975 was called during working time to the Company's Physical Training Centre to have certain risk factors assessed. The evaluation included an interview which covered risk factors such as smoking and exercise habits and measurements such as systolic blood pressure, height, weight and certain anthropometric measurements. Information was also obtained from the personnel records regarding sex, age, form of employment, education code and reported sick leave in 1974 and 1975 for the workers, and between 1970 and 1975 for the salaried employees. The total number of dropouts was 238, or 18%. Absenteeism among those who did not participate in the interview and measurements was markedly higher than for those who did. The fact that this group dropped out of the investigation implies a high risk and a need for preventive programmes. The single risk factor that showed the strongest connection with absenteeism was a low degree of physical activity during leisure hours. The design of this study as a cross-section investigation limits its use to assessing the current degree of correlation between different risk factors and absenteeism. We cannot, then, predict future illness on the basis of these findings.