bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Curve Correction in the Plan Using Computer Modeling to Improve Train Safety
Authors: Khmelevska N. P. , Kurhan M. B. , Kurhan D. M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The authors intend to develop and implement innovative approaches to optimizing curve correction in the plan of railway tracks using computer modeling. This process aims to: improve traffic safety; improve the smoothness of the ride, which increases passenger comfort; eliminate speed limits on curved sections, which reduces travel time and increases railroad capacity; reduce track maintenance and rolling stock repair costs. The use of special software to simulate various scenarios of train traffic along the adjusted curves will allow us to assess the impact of the train flow structure on the speed, rolling stock dynamics, and track condition. Methodology. The study is based on the theory of mathematical modeling and numerical calculation methods. To find the best option for the reconstruction of railway sections, the line is considered as a complex system consisting of various infrastructure facilities. Due to their unsatisfactory technical condition, these facilities may limit the speed of traffic on certain sections. The solution to this problem is complicated due to the interdependence of such objects: the reduction of travel time on a particular section is not linear, and obtaining accurate results requires traction calculations taking into account various options for eliminating speed limits. Findings. A calculation algorithm for optimizing long sections of the railway plan is proposed. The algorithm allows to take into account the desired direction of shifts in the curves, which greatly facilitates the optimization process. An example of calculations based on the proposed algorithm is given, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. Originality. The scientific and applied problem of optimizing the process of adjusting railway curves in the plan has been solved. This helps to improve the safety and speed of trains through the introduction of the latest computer modeling methods. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed technology for optimizing the railway plan will significantly increase the speed and safety of train traffic, as well as increase the throughput capacity of railway lines. This will be an important step for the integration of Ukrainian railways into the European transportation system.
Assessing the moderating role of secular schooling in a structural model of HIV/AIDS media exposure, knowledge, attitude and practice using multi group PLS SEM analysis
Authors: Hamid Adamu , Saidu Abubakar Dalhatu
Published: December 2024

Studies suggested that knowledge, attitude and practice on HIV/AIDS and media exposure seem related, but sparse literature is there on the role of formal schooling in such interrelationships. While different models of investigating community health issues abound, cognitive, affective and behavioral approach surveyed as KAP seemed more attractive to researchers because of its ability to reveal plausible pathways to addressing health concerns especially by identifying misconceptions about diseases and affective barriers or obstacles to prevention or protection A KAP on HIV/AIDS survey of 487 adolescent Islamiyya girls in Bauchi, Northern Nigeria as a predominantly Muslim culture was conducted. The study finds that while HIV/AIDS does not directly predict HIV/AIDS practice, it does with the moderation of exposure to secular formal schooling. HIV/AIDS media exposure does predict HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV attitude. It was thus concluded that media exposure is a necessary but not a sufficient precursor of HIV/AIDS safe practice.
A DOCÊNCIA E O DESENHO DA CRIANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: ENTRE A PSICOLOGIA E A PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Lima Pereira Karla Raquel , Donizete Alves Fernando
Published: December 2024

Este artigo, parte de uma pesquisa à nível de mestrado, objetiva identificar a compreensão das professoras sobre o papel do desenho das crianças da educação infantil, uma vez que essa linguagem gráfica está bastante presente no cotidiano das escolas da infância. O entendimento do desenho como linguagem deve-se pelo aporte teórico ancorado em autores(as) como Vigotski (2000a, 2000b, 2001, 2007), Mukhina (1995), Derdyk (2010), Iavelberg (2010, 2013, 2017) e Vecchi (2017). Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, com uso da técnica de grupo focal com professoras atuantes numa escola comunitária de educação infantil da cidade de São Luís-Ma. Os dados foram organizados e analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016). Constatou-se que as professoras concebem o desenho, predominantemente, com o cunho psicológico em detrimento do cunho pedagógico. Também o concebem como propulsor da imaginação e criatividade,  cujo desenvolvimento é atrelado às vivências familiares, com a ausência de um olhar mais atento às próprias experiências escolares. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa indica a necessidade, por parte docente, da apropriação de conhecimentos teórico-metodológicos sobre o desenho, assim como conhecimentos culturais diversos para superação de uma visão limitada dessa linguagem visual, cujas múltiplas potencialidades de aprendizagens (cognitivas, expressivas e criativas) não são consideradas.
Briefing: Groundwater and the subsurface
Authors: Taka Meshi
Published: December 2024

Globally, groundwater is a vital resource for water supply, agriculture, industry and the environment. This paper examines the importance of groundwater, especially in light of increasing challenges like drought and flooding. As climate change progresses, the risks of declining freshwater supplies and rising flood levels threaten communities and ecosystems. This paper highlights innovative strategies being used to address these problems and explores the subsurface as a key opportunity for improving climate resilience. It reinforces the need for collaboration across sectors and technical disciplines, and investment in groundwater research and infrastructure. By drawing on current projects and studies, this paper emphasises the essential role of groundwater and subsurface systems in achieving sustainable development and tackling the urgent challenges posed by climate change. It advocates for a comprehensive approach to groundwater management that enhances understanding of the broader subsurface system, ensures equitable access to data and combines traditional knowledge with modern science. An approach which aims to strengthen the resilience of communities and ecosystems in a changing climate.
Compaction-induced prestressing effect of geocell reinforcement
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lu Zheng , Liu Jie , Hu Changtao , Tang Chuxuan , Yan Tingzhou , Li Jian , Wang Xin , Yao Hailin
Published: December 2024

The loading and unloading actions of rollers during the construction of geocell-reinforced soil subgrade lead to the compaction of infill materials, which further causes the geocell pockets to expand. Due to the pre-tensioning of the geocells, such responses result in increased lateral confinement of the infill soil prior to the service of the geocell-reinforced soil subgrade. The phenomenon was defined as the Compaction-induced Prestressing Effect (CIPE) in this paper, which was verified through the finite difference method-discrete element method (FDM-DEM) coupling numerical simulations on reinforced subgrade with the aid of FLAC3D and PFC3D software. An equation was proposed to quantitatively describe the influence of CIPE on the initial stiffness of the reinforced subgrade. Furthermore, experiments and numerical simulations were employed to investigate the evolution of Modulus Improvement Factor (MIF) values over time, where the rheological properties of geocells were considered. The findings indicated that geocell sheets experienced a normal deformation of approximately 0.5 mm and tensile strains ranging from 0.17% to 0.21% following vibration compaction. The MIF values ranged from 2 to 6 due to CIPE. When the prestressing strain of the geocell sheet reached 0.1%, the geocell strain stabilized within 300 seconds, with the MIF decreasing by 27.6%.
Structural and surface treatment of irradiated polymer composites for optical applications
Authors: Atta Ali , Al-Harbi Nuha , Abdel-Hamid Hassan M. , Ezzeldien Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This work used the solution casting production method to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/copper oxide (CuO) composite films, which consists of the polymer (PVA) and the nanoparticles (CuO), for application in optoelectronic. The films were treated with argon beam of fluencies 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible techniques were employed to investigate, respectively, the structural, chemical changes, and optical properties of the pure and treated films. The crystallite size is reduced from 16.4 nm for the PVA/CuO to 11 nm for the irradiated composite by fluence of 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. In addition, the band gap reduced from 3.75 eV for PVA/CuO to 3.70, 3.40, and 3.10 eV, respectively, with increasing ion beam fluencies to 3 × 1017, 6 × 1017, and 9 × 1017 ions/cm2. The optical parameters of both the untreated and bombarded samples were determined. The single oscillator energy Eo enhanced from 3.3 eV for PVA/CuO to 3.90 eV for the irradiated 6 × 1017 ions/cm2. The outcome of this study is the production of irradiated PVA/CuO films with novel optical characteristics, which can be applied in optoelectronic devices.
“ALEXANDER CAME FROM BATU”: ON THE QUESTION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF PRINCE ALEXANDER'S TRIP TO BATU'S HEADQUARTERS IN THE WINTER OF 1240/1241
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Seleznev Yu. V.
Published: December 2024

The Pskov Chronicle has preserved a unique testimony about the trip of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky to Batu’s headquarters. Traditionally, this account is considered an anachronism, the result of misinterpretation by scribes who did not understand the text of their predecessors. However, a careful analysis of the events in late 1240 and early 1241 suggests that it is possible that the prince made a trip to the headquarters of the Mongolian commander at that time. The article provides some arguments in support of the probability of such a trip, as well the features, course, goals, and outcomes of the trip, which were associated with the fall of Kiev in autumn and winter of 1240 and the need to establish relations with the Mongols after the fall of the capital of Russia and the loss of the latter's sovereignty. The conquest of the capital by the enemy raised the question of whether to recognize the power of the victors or defend independence with arms. The intention of the Prince of Vladimir to enter into negotiations under these conditions is very likely. The task of representing the Grand Duke of Vladimir, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, at the court of the Mongol commander forces to reconsider the problem of Prince Alexander's departure from Novgorod in the autumn of 1240. It can be assumed that the departure was the initiative of the prince, and the Novgorodians opposed Alexander's departure from the city. An analysis of the chronicle records shows that cases where the prince was the initiator of the rupture of relations, and cases where the Novgorodians accused the prince and asked him to leave the land are described in different categories. The departure of the prince against the will of the Novgorodians caused strained relations between the boyars and the princely government. After returning from Batu, Prince Alexander returned to Novgorod.
Calculations of electromagnetic compatibility between radio equipment of a command and control point of unmanned aircraft system and stationary land radio stations
Authors:   The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Russian Federation, Antipin Boris M. , Vinogradov Evgeny M. ,   The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Russian Federation, Tumanova Evgeniya I. ,   The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Russian Federation, Munkueva Olga B. ,   The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

An analysis procedure of electromagnetic compatibility between radio equipment of a com-mand and control point (CP) of unmanned aircraft (UA) carrying a radio transmitter (RT) and a radio receiver (RR) and stationary land radio electronic equipment (REE) stations containing radio transmitters and/or radio receivers and surrounding the CCP is considered. The procedure involves analysis of the scenarios where emissions produced by the surrounding transmitters may have an effect on the quality of the signal received by the CCP receiver and where the emission produced by the CCP transmitter may have effect on the quality of signals received by the recei¬vers surrounding the CCP. It assumed that frequency-hopping spread spectrum signals are applied in both downlink and uplink. To assess the interference effect from emissions of the surrounding transmitters on the quality of the signal received by the CCP receiver the protection ratio is used. To assess the interference effect from emissions of the CCP transmitter on the quality of the signal received by the surrounding receivers the receiver desensitization is used.
Politeness in dialogic pragmatics and in the pragmatics of dialogue: a case study of TV series
Authors:   University of British Columbia, Scholte Tom , Fomina Tatiana A. ,   MGIMO-University, Polyakov Oleg G. ,   G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Rakedzon Tzipora ,   Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Published: December 2024

Polite language, i.e. use of appropriate words and face-saving strategies in communication, is often assumed to be a norm-centered practice one needs to follow to achieve pragmatic aims. However, it takes more than one to be polite. In cases of politeness there are at least two actors engaged in an interaction with each other and their own experience of the world. Upon such a dialogic pragmatic view of language, proposed in the article, word and utterance meaning is relationally co-authored and coconstructed.
It is hypothesized that politeness is a discursive interplay of attitudes and emotions where one’s understanding of a word as polite or offensive, pleasant or rude, appropriate or tabooed depends not as much upon the ontological “denotatum” of this word as upon the interaction with another’s understanding of the word. This relational approach to language politeness is informed by such schools of epistemology as pragmatism and empiricism, dialogism and constructivism.
The research material is based on the dialogic discourse of the TV show Desperate Housewives. The evidential base of the research is built on the pragmatic analysis of discourse conducted on two levels, monologic and dialogic. The former is a textual, logical interpretation of (im)polite language as semantic units and/or speech acts. The latter is empirical investigation of communicative interactions between those who act upon the semantic units in question. Contradictions over the affective status of words revealed on the monological level are resolved on the dialogic one. A conclusion is made that in monological pragmatics language politeness depends upon what words we use. In dialogic pragmatics polite language depends upon what relations we construct with others and what experience we have of them.
Mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental e a manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos em uma região de Mata-Atlântica no Pontal do Paranapanema - SP
Authors: Genaro Vinicius , Pinese José Paulo Peccinini , Aledo Antonio
Published: December 2024

Ecosystem services (ES) are vital to the well-being and survival of humanity, encompassing a variety of benefits provided by nature, such as soil formation, erosion control, climate regulation, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water provision, rainfall cycle maintenance, biodiversity protection, and more. Teodoro Sampaio, located between the Paraná and Paranapanema rivers, is home to an extensive stretch of Atlantic Forest, serving as a refuge for endangered species. The region, however, faces significant environmental challenges due to economic activities such as hydroelectric dams, extensive farming, and the growth of foreign-influenced agribusiness. The study sought to assess the environmental fragility of these SE-producing areas, combining potential fragility with land use. Factors such as geomorphology, climate, pedology, and land use were considered. Each variable received a frailty rating (weak, medium, or strong), and these data were combined in the QGIS software with equal weight to produce a map of environmental fragility. This map identified levels ranging from Very Weak to Very Strong in terms of linear erosion and, consequently, in the ability of ecosystems to provide essential services for the region's development.
Classificação de uso e ocupação do solo em APP de córregos urbanos com o uso de imagens de Aeronave Remotamente Pilotada
Authors: Franco Fernanda Miguel , Chaves Arthur Guilherme Schirmbeck
Published: December 2024

Technologies, increasingly developed, are emerging as a useful tool for evaluating changes, as well as supporting proposals aimed at mitigating anthropization. The work aimed to classify the use and occupation of three urban streams in the city of Cáceres-MT, using an Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The streams Fontes, Sangradouro and Renato were flown over to obtain aerial photographs and later, with the processing of the images, the orthomosaic was obtained. This, in turn, was used to classify land use and occupation within the limits of the Permanent Preservation Area (PPA). With the centimetric spatial precision of the generated orthomoisaic, it was possible to carry out a precise analysis of the local occupation and analyze that the riparian forest area as well as the deposition of effluents along the streams, does not comply with the current Brazilian Forest Code. The use of photogrammetry equipment, more specifically the RPA, proved to be advantageous due to its agility in collecting data in the field, offering concise results and excellent image quality (orthomosaic), making it possible to carry out predicted assessments of environmental impacts suffered, also providing a database for monitoring the area.
La producción oral en L2 a través de prácticas reflexivas en escenario autónomo
Authors: Martos Ramos José Javier
Published: December 2024

Oral production competence is a complex challenge in second language acquisition. Its teaching is often associated with non-authentic materials and the ephemeral and emergent nature of spoken language reveals disappointing learning outcomes at all levels and in all contexts. This research promotes their learning through reflective practice in an autonomous environment such as Tandem (Spanish-German). The five pairs participating in this activity were composed of a Spanish and German speaker each. All participants evidenced a B1 level of German and a B2 level of Spanish in the L2. The discursive typology “interview” and a proposal based on four steps are being presented as a tool for learners to promote, first, a deeper and more conscious knowledge and strategies of interactional and pragmatic phenomena in conversation and, second, a better approach to how these phenomena take place in the L2.
Epidemiological Profile of Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality from 2013 to 2023 in Brazil
Authors: Pedro Henrique Amorim Moura dos Santos , Mário Leite de Sousa Neto , Luiz Amadeu de Sousa Nogueira Matias , Carlos Eduardo Alencar , Kahuã Andrade Silva , Roberto César de Arêa Leão Nascimento , Nelson Agapito Brandão Rios
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for more than 30% of deaths in Brazil, especially due to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This study aims to outline the epidemiological profile of AMI deaths in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, analyzing the main variables.
Methodology: This is an ecological study on AMI mortality in Brazil from 2013 to 2023, focusing on identifying epidemiological and regional patterns. The research covered the entire national territory, divided into five regions (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South), considering distinct sociodemographic characteristics. Data on AMI deaths were collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) of DATASUS, classified according to ICD-10. The variables analyzed included sex, geographic region, age group, education level, and race/color.
Results: Between 2013 and 2023, Brazil recorded 1,017,263 deaths from AMI, with a predominance of male deaths (59.1%). The year 2022 had the highest number of deaths (98,019), while 2013 had the lowest (85,939). Statistical analysis indicated an increasing trend in deaths over the decade. Regarding race/color, the white population was the most affected, accounting for 52.06% of deaths, followed by the brown population (36.70%) and the black population (7.91%).
Discussion: The highest mortality rates occurred in the Southeast and South regions, reflecting population density and aging. The white population accounted for 52.1% of deaths, while individuals with lower education levels showed higher mortality. Although some studies indicate a reduction in cardiac mortality rates, the data from this study suggest an increase.
Comparative proteomic analysis of the composition of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and dECM-based inks as compared to the native tissue v1
Authors: Irastorza Lorenzo Ainhoa , Vazquez-Aristizabal Paula , Zumeta Olaskoaga Lore , Guerrero Pedro , de la Caba Koro , Izeta Ander
Published: December 2024

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches based on the use of 3D-bioprinted decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) present the advantage of a relatively biomolecule-rich matrix, which directs cell growth and differentiation in a tissue-specific manner. However, little is known about the composition changes that occur with standard processing of dECM-based inks. To characterize this process, six porcine tissues/tissue layers (artery, breast, dermis, epidermis, muscle and nerve) were independently decellularized via chemical, mechanical and enzymatic processes and the resulting dECMs formulated into biocompatible inks, to serve as source biomaterials for 3D printing. A comparative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis was carried out for native tissue, decellularized and formulated ECMs, and the resulting complexity of the matrisome analyzed. En este protocolo se encuentra descrito la información relativa a las muestras (information and classification), al análisis mediante LC-MS/MS y posterior identificación de las muestras, el procesamiento y curado de los resultados así como la generación de las figuras publicadas.
Shaping Health Security Strategy: The Influence of CSIS on US Policy Formulation
Authors: Jiangwei Liu , Daud Sity
Published: December 2024

Think tanks have long been viewed as an important player in the policy-making of US government. However, in an era of global health threats, less attention has been given on how they engage in health security issues thus affecting policy-making of the government. This study first reviews the historical and evolving paradigms of health security, tracing its conceptual development from its roots in the mid-20th century to its contemporary relevance. Taking the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a well-known and comprehensive think tank of the United States, as the research subject, this study then explores its role in the formulation of health security policies of the United States. The study reveals that CSIS significantly influences the health security policies of the United States by conducting strategic analyses, offering evidence-based recommendations, and serving as a critical platform for dialogue between health experts, policymakers, and government officials. By bridging research and practical policymaking, CSIS not only provides actionable insights but also facilitates inter-agency collaboration and global health security strategies.
Perpindahan Ibu Kota Jakarta Ke Kalimantan: Peranan Masyarakat Pantai Timur Sabah dalam Meminimumkan Impak Keselamatan Nasional (Jakarta Capital’s Shift To Kalimantan: The Role of Sabah’s East Coast Community In Minimising National Security Impact)
Authors: Ridzuan Mohamad Ikhram
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the impact of Indonesia’s capital relocation from Jakarta to Kalimantan on the communities along the East Coast of Sabah, Malaysia. It is undeniable that both countries have signed several agreements related to border security control, such as the Basic Agreement on Border Crossing1967, the Malaysia-Indonesia Border Trade Agreement 1970, the Joint Demarcation and Joint Land Border Survey 1973, and the Border Sea Trade Agreement 1973. However, issues like smuggling of goods, drugs, and human trafficking remain significant. Give these factors, the relocation of the capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan has the potential to increase smuggling, human trafficking, and the opening of new illegal routes, which could threaten the stability and security of both nations. This study, therefore raises two research questions: (1) What types of cross-border security issues threaten the relocation of the new capital, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), along Malaysia-Indonesia’s land and maritime borders? (2) What alternative solutions can address cross-border security issues in both countries? The study applies the concept of the Grey Area Phenomenon (GAP), which analyses non-traditional issues in the post-Cold War era. To obtain more comprehensive findings, this research employs qualitative methods, including literature reviews and structured interviews. The findings indicate that border control involves not only the governments of both nations but also the role of local communities. This includes providing information to the government on smuggling and piracy activities, particularly from those living in the border areas between the two countries, as part of the efforts to reduce security threats.
Vivid Face Perception as a Constructive Component of Multimodal Affective States
Authors: Barabanschikov V.A. , Suvorova E.V.
Published: December 2024

The features of expression and perception of vivid facial expressions in the system of multimodal affective states of a person are studied. The study is based on the Russian-language version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT) and consists of two series. The first serie of experiment was devoted to demonstration of short audio—video clips of 14 affective states expressed by specially trained actors, the second —to the same videos without sound accompaniment (intonation of voice in pseudolinguistic utterances). The subjects — 72 women in each series of the experiment, age: 18-45 years (M1=22.4 g, SD1=5.4; M2=27.47 l, SD2=5.7) - identified the states of the actors—sitters (five women and five men), using an interactive image of the Geneva Wheel of Emotions on the display screen for evaluation. The analysis of the characteristics of the accuracy and semantic structure of the expression and identification of emotional expressions, depending on the type of modality and exposure conditions, is carried out. The main expression and identification metrics of facial, prosodic and multimodal states are correlated. According to experimental data, within the framework of bimodal (face+voice) expressions of emotions, a mobile face has a higher expressive potential and is the basis of cross-modal integration.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Psychology
Authors: Ushakov D.V.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the rapidly growing artificial intelligence technologies aimed at understanding and supporting humans. It outlines the main achievements, emerging problems, and promising development paths. It is argued that while these emerging human-oriented artificial intelligence technologies promise a significant increase in psychological comfort, they also pose serious risks. The concept of "digital angels" is proposed—artificial intelligence technologies created to protect the interests of their owner. Digital angels should combine three roles: digital assistants that help individuals organize their lives; digital communicators that ensure connection with other people and the environment; and digital confidants that a person can unconditionally trust.
On the Construction of The Laplace Transform via Gamma Function
Authors: Kaya Ufuk , Ermiş Şeyda
Published: December 2024

The Laplace transform can be applied to integrable and exponential-type functions on the half-line [0,├ ∞)┤by the formula L{f}=∫_0^∞▒〖f(x) e^(-sx) dx〗. This transform reduces differential equations to algebraic equations and solves many non-homogeneous differential equations. However, the Laplace transform cannot be applied to some functions such as x^(- 9/4), because the given integral is divergent. So, the Laplace transform do not solve some differential equations with some terms such as x^(- 9/4). This transform needs a revision to include such functions to solve a wider class of differential equations. In this study, we defined the Ω-Laplace transform, which eliminates such insufficiency of the Laplace transform and is a generalization of it. We applied this new operator to previously unsolved differential equations and obtained solutions. Ω-Laplace ensform given with the help of series:
f(x)=∑_(n=0)^∞▒〖c_n x^(r_n ) 〗⇒Ω{f}=∑_(n=0)^∞▒(c_n Γ(r_n+1))/s^(r_n+1)
Moreover, we give the similar and different properties of this transform to the Laplace transform.
Place of lipid theory in history of study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav N.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: Despite the significant advances in the study of atherosclerosis in recent decades, the diseases associated with it still remain one of the leading problems of modern Western society. In the complicated history of the study of atherosclerosis, various theories have been proposed that attempted to explain its nature from positions of the scientific knowledge of those years.
АIM: To analyze the place of lipid disorders in various theories of atherogenesis that have been proposed in different historic periods and have shaped the current understanding of its nature and are the basis for future research.
The lipid theory, proposed more than a hundred years ago, is still the basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Subsequent findings on the role of endothelial dysfunction, on the importance of immune cells and innate immune mechanisms, and the importance of vascular hemodynamic disturbances, have shaped today's understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which regards it as a complex chain of immune and metabolic events occurring over many years and involving various cells of the vascular wall and the bloodstream. Much of the data on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis obtained to date have no therapeutic application and are promising areas for future research.
CONCLUSION: The lipid theory of atherogenesis has passed a complicated way from understanding the role of lipids as a simple substrate for development of atherosclerosis to the fact of their performing complex immune and metabolic functions and being an important diagnostic and therapeutic target.
Improving the quality of service for persons with reduced mobility on railway transportation by eliminating additional barriers in the process of their choice of trains
Authors: Zavyalov Alexey В. , Gluhih Tatyana V.
Published: December 2024

Aim. To improve transportation quality of persons with reduced mobility (PRM) on railway transport in the North-Western Federal District, promoting their social inclusion by proposing the addition of a specialized car with designated seats for PRM and their companions on long-distance trains.
Materials and Methods. The study includes a statistical analysis of the number of disabled people using railway services in the NWFD, a questionnaire survey involving public organizations, and associations focused on disabled people to identify current shortcomings faced by PRM passengers. A proposal was developed to include a car with a special compartment for disabled people and their companions on popular long-distance routes.
Results. A graphical diagram was used to map the interactions between all parties involved in integrating a specialized car for PRM into the train system. This approach simplifies the process of identifying and selecting appropriate trains for PRM and their companions.
Conclusion. Introducing specialized compartments for PRM and their companions improves service quality, eliminates the necessity of confirming availability with the transport company in advance, and encourages greater use of rail travel. This initiative not only addresses key challenges faced by disabled travelers on railway services but also fosters solutions for their mobility on other types of transport.
Depresyon Tedavisinde Kullanılan İlaçların Etki Mekanizmalarındaki Yeni Gelişmeler
Authors: Tanrıkulu Kayan Gülcan , İnan Salim Yalçın , Karataş Yusuf
Published: December 2024

Depresyon; kişinin duygusal durumunda uzun süreli bir bozukluğa işaret eden, üzüntü, umutsuzluk, ilgi kaybı ve enerji düşüklüğü gibi belirtilerle karakterize olan mental bir sağlık sorunudur. Majör depresif bozukluk, milyonlarca insanı olumsuz olarak etkileyen nöropsikiyatrik bir hastalıktır. Yüksek yaygınlık, tedavi direnci ve tekrarlama riski ile karakterize edilen bu ruhsal bozukluğun nedenleri ve risk faktörleri, hem öncesi hem de klinik çalışmalarda kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Depresyon etiyopatogenezinde rol oynadığı düşünülen monoaminlerin sentezi, salgılanması, dönüşümü ve geri alımıyla ilgili yoğun araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmalar genellikle norepinefrin, serotonin ve dopamin gibi monoaminlerle ilgili açıklamalara odaklanmaktadır. Ulusal ve uluslararası kılavuzlar, major depresyonlu çoğu hastada birinci basamak tedavi olarak genellikle seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörlerini önermektedir. Serotonin-norepinefrin geri alım inhibitörleri gibi diğer seçici monoamin geri alım inhibitörleri de bulunmaktadır. Bupropion gibi diğer ilaçlar, farklı bir etki profili sunarak depresyon tedavisine katkıda bulunabilir. Ancak bu ilaçların etkinlikleri konusunda bazı belirsizliklerin bulunduğu ifade edilmektedir. Mevcut antidepresan ilaçların akut farmakolojik etkileri, beyindeki serotonin ve/veya norepinefrin iletiminin modülasyonuyla ilişkilendirilse de, antidepresan ilaç tedavilerinin terapötik etkileri için gerekli olan uzun dönem adaptasyonların altında yatan hücresel ve biyokimyasal mekanizmalar henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada antidepresan ilaçların farmakolojik mekanizmaları hakkında, güncel çalışmalarla bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Katı veya Sıvı Formdaki Yüksek Sukroz İçerikli Diyet Tüketimi Farklı Metabolik Etkilere Yol Açar Mı?
Authors: Bodur Akın , Susam Solmaz , Korkmaz Katip , Zihni Hüseyin Çınar
Published: December 2024

Sukroz, insan metabolizması için önemli bir enerji kaynağı olmasına rağmen, diyetle alımının formuna bağlı olarak sağlık üzerinde farklı etkileri bulunmaktadır. Yüksek sukroz içerikli diyetlerin metabolik etkileri, özellikle diyetin katı ve sıvı formlarının farklılıkları bağlamında incelenmesi gereken önemli bir konu alanıdır. Bu derleme, sukrozun biyokimyasal yapısı ve metabolizmadaki rolüne genel bir bakış sunarak, özellikle sıvı formdaki sukrozun katı formdan daha ciddi metabolik bozukluklara neden olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Günümüzde artan obezite ve Tip II diyabet vakaları, bu konuda derinlemesine araştırmalar yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Derlemede, sukrozun sindirimi ve metabolizması, insülin direnci, hepatik steatoz ve inflamasyon gibi metabolik süreçlere etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Sıvı sukroz tüketiminin, katı sukroza kıyasla daha fazla kilo alımı, karaciğer yağlanması ve metabolik sendrom gibi olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı deneysel verilerle desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sukroz tüketiminin metabolik sağlık üzerindeki olası etkileri dikkatle değerlendirilmeli ve beslenme stratejilerinin sukrozun tüketim şekline göre yeniden gözden geçirilmelidir. Özellikle sıvı formdaki sukrozun, metabolik bozukluklar için bir risk faktörü olabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve bu konuda daha fazla ileri düzey klinik ve deneysel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Torsion Detorsion: Data from Experimental Studies
Authors: Kuyucu Yurdun , Kara Samet , Kartlaşmış Kezban , Çakır Güngör Ayşe Nur
Published: December 2024

Ovarian torsion is twisting of the ovary around the ligaments that support it. It is a rare, but an important gynecological emergency. Detorsion of the ovary surgically is preferred in patients to preserve the fertility. Ovarian detorsion causes tissue damage in response to excessive reactive oxygen species and accumulation of the activated neutrophils. In this review, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that have been investigated in the literature to prevent the ovarian injury due to oxidative stress are summarised.
deriva lúdica compartida
Authors: Abad Molina Javier , Ruiz de Velasco Gálvez Ángeles
Published: December 2024

Se propone la deriva lúdica como práctica poética y política asociada a la deambulación consciente para revelar, mediante la documentación y el registro de narrativas visuales, el patrimonio simbólico y relacional de una comunidad que resignifica así el encuentro y el diálogo. El estudio propone la acción de la deriva compartida como investigación artística y práctica sostenida desde la acción lúdica y la observación del entorno próximo para rescatar el valor de lo efímero y lo transitorio del paisaje cotidiano, entendidocomo ámbito relacional y construcción de sentido. Así, la práctica educativa de la deriva y la reflexión que suscitan las imágenes, son mediadoras del relato de una experiencia realizada con estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria en intersección con la obra del escultor Leandro Alonso y su participación en una muestra colectiva cuyo propósito es rescatar detalles de una realidad que se desvanece o está en proceso de desaparición..
Caminar y fotografiar para aprender la ciudad. En línea recta de Faitanar a Sociópolis.
Authors: Machado Colomer Mar
Published: December 2024

Este texto analiza las posibilidades pedagógicas de la deriva y de la fotografía poniendo de ejemplo un recorrido propuesto por Matilde Igual Capdevila que, trazando una línea recta en el mapa, trata de ir desde Faitanar a Sociópolis. En el camino se pone atención al entorno y a las sensaciones que se derivan de nuestro encuentro con él, planteándose como una práctica que entiende la creación como un proceso complejo desde el que aprehender lo urbano. La recogida de datos se realiza mediante una cámara analógica, a través de la cual se crea un contenido visual que funciona como testimonio de la deriva, pero también de construcción de conocimiento visual en sí mismo, analizando y entendiendo el pensamiento visual como un proceso autónomo.
Derivas y acciones mutantes. Investigar desde las artes para educar trazando caminos
Authors: Alonso-Sanz Amparo , Ramon Ricard , Vidagañ Maria
Published: December 2024

Editorial del monográfico de 2024.
Sekülerleşme: Teoriler, Kavramlar ve Literatür Temelinde Bibliyometrik Bir Çalışma
Authors: Ertoy Muhammet , Öztürk Talih
Published: December 2024

Sekülerleşme, gelişen teorik perspektifler ve zenginleşen literatürle birlikte artık kendi “geçmişi” olan bir kavramdır. Bu kuramsal ve kavramsal geçmişin ve ilişkilerin yeni bir bakışla ele alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, sekülerleşme yazınının bibliyometrik analiz yöntemleri ile ele alınıp, kavramlar ve atıflar üzerinden değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma 12245 yayınlık veri setine dayanmaktadır. Analiz edilen yayınların elde edilmesinde, Web of Science (WoS) bibliyografik veri tabanından yararlanılmıştır. Sekülerizme ilişkin güncel verileri ve yaklaşımları ele almak üzere zamansal bir sınırlandırma yapılmış ve 2017-2023 yılları arasındaki yayınlar analiz edilmiştir. Kavramsal ilişkilerin ortaya çıkarılmasında eş kelime analizi yöntemi benimsenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular bilimsel haritalama yöntemleri ile sunulmuştur. Sekülerleşmenin kavramsal yapısı temelinde, din, modernlik, dindarlık, dini kimlik, dinsel gelenek, dini kurumlar ve aidiyetler gibi pek çok konuda yaşanan değişimlerin ve yönelimlerin literatüre yansımaları bir genel ağ haritası ve beş alt küme ile analiz edilmektedir. Alanda öne çıkan yayınların değerlendirilmesinde ise atıf sayıları ve burst analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, sekülerleşmeye ilişkin teorik perspektiflerin, kavramsal ilişkilerin ve literatürün günümüz dünyasında yaşanan değişimlere “tanıklığını” ortaya koymaktadır.
Cambio normativo, retroactividad y responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración
Authors: Laguna de Paz José Carlos
Published: December 2024

El principio de seguridad jurídica reclama la mayor estabilidad posible del ordenamiento jurídico, pero no puede impedir el cambio normativo. Con todo, una mejor técnica legislativa facilitaría una mayor estabilidad de las normas. La Constitución prohíbe la retroactividad de las normas restrictivas de derechos individuales, cuyo alcance debe ser precisado. En todo caso, no deben considerarse retroactivas las normas que solo se aplican hacia al futuro, aunque incidan en relaciones o situaciones jurídicas nacidas en el pasado. La cuestión es cuándo el cambio normativo lesiona derechos consolidados y situaciones jurídicas protegidas, lo que debe ser decidido en cada caso. El cambio normativo puede dar lugar a daños antijurídicos, lo que desencadenaría la correspondiente responsabilidad extracontractual de la Administración.
ЛИЧНЫЙ ФОНД И. Б. НИКОЛЬСКОЙ КАК ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ИСТОРИИ МЕБЕЛЬНОЙ ФАБРИКИ г. СЫЗРАНИ
Authors:   Краеведческий музей городского округа Сызрань, Л. М. Куракина
Published: December 2024

С каждым годом мы все дальше отдаляемся от советского периода в истории нашей страны. В общественном сознании многое переосмысливается. Эмоционально полярные оценки от полного отрицания до восхваления всего советского сменяются на попытки дать рационально взвешенный многосторонний анализ событий советского времени. В статье прослеживается история Сызранской мебельной фабрики от момента ее создания в конце 1950-х гг. до полной ликвидации в 2008 г. Кроме архивных документов, отражающих, как правило, организационную, экономическую и финансовую стороны деятельности предприятия, в статье использованы документы личного характера первого и наиболее успешного директора мебельной фабрики Ирины Борисовны Никольской.
Ее судьба — это слепок с судьбы страны, прошедшей через революции, гражданскую войну, политические репрессии, военное лихолетье, масштабные стройки, мирное созидание на основе стабильно работающих отечественных предприятий. Все это пришлось лично пережить И. Б. Никольской, создать в итоге многопрофильный мебельный комбинат, быть его директором 15 лет и получить заслуженные награды, среди которых орден Трудового Красного Знамени и орден Ленина.
Автобиографический подход, используемый в статье, дает возможность увидеть силу личности и сложность судеб многих советских руководителей, называемых «красными директорами», к числу которых, несомненно, можно отнести Ирину Борисовну Никольскую.
Preparation of Aloe Vera Gel Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treatment of Eczema
Authors: Çetin Hatice , Yılmaz Hüseyin , Ak Demiroz Güliz
Published: December 2024

Egzama olarak da bilinen atopik dermatit, birçok hastalık ve genetik faktör sonucu oluşan kronik bir cilt rahatsızlığıdır. Epidermisteki azalmış filaggrin ve seramid düzeyleri, atopik dermatitin ana patogenezi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hastalığın tedavisinde halihazırda kullanılmakta olan kalsinörin inhibitörleri, topikal kortikostreoidler, antihistaminler ve D vitamini takviyesi gibi yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Atopik dermatit gibi cilt rahatsızlıklarında etkili ilaç iletimi için nanomalzemeler, hastalıklı cilt bölgesine ilacın taşınması, korunumu, stabilitesinin arttırılması, ilaç hedefleme imkânı ve kontrollü ilaç salınım kabiliyeti nedeniyle büyük ilgi görmektedir. Aloe Vera, anti-inflamatuar, nemlendirici ve immun yanıtı düzenleyici düzenleyici özellikleri sayesinde atopik dermatitin tedavisine katkıda bulunur. Projenin amacı, hastalık ile oluşan sorunların üstesinden gelmek için topikal kullanıma yönelik betametazon valerat (BMV) yüklü setil palmitat tabanlı katı lipid nanopartikülleri (SLN) içeren bir jel formülasyonu geliştirmektir. SLN, UV-Görünür Spektroskopisi, Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. BMV yüklü SLN (BMV-SLN), FTIR ve SEM ile analiz edilmiştir. BMV'nin nanopartiküllerden ve serbest çözelti formundan salınması da denenmiştir. BMV-SLN'nin jel formülasyonu, Carbopol 940 ve aloe vera kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. BMV, SLN'ye %87 verimlilikle yüklenmiştir ve nanopartiküllerden BMV'nin kontrollü salımı gözlemlenmiştir. BMV yüklü SLN jeli, pH 5,9'da formüle edilmiştir. Bu jel formülasyonun atopik dermatitin neden olduğu sorunların tedavisinde kullanılma potansiyeli olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
Zercon kasensis sp. nov., a new mite species (Acari: Zerconidae) from south-western Türkiye
Authors: Demirdöven Ayşenur , Urhan Raşit , Karaca Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Various biological materials were collected from Saklıkent National Park (Antalya province) for investigation species diversity of the family Zerconidae. The collected materials were transferred to the acarology laboratory, mites were sorted with the Berlese funnels, and specimens of the zerconid mites were selected. Based to the materials collected from Cedrus libani and Quercus coccifera habitats in the research area, Zercon kasensis sp. nov. was found as a new species for the science. The female specimens of the new species were described, drawings were given and various body parts were measured. Males and immature stages of the new species were not found. The new species was compared with other species in the same genus, similarities and differences between the closer species were also presented.
Evaluation of functional outcome of cemented bipolar prosthesis in femoral neck fracture in old age patients
Authors: Biswas Bappy Kumer , Das Kanta Rani , Manjur Mushfique , Kabir M. Humayun , Khan M. Sahidur Rahman , Khan M. Tanvir Ahasan Juglol , Rahman M. Ziaur , Ahmed Sabbir , Bhakta Ananta Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: Older adults are at a higher risk of proximal femur fractures, particularly femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures, often due to falls, trauma, or osteoporosis. Managing these fractures in osteoporotic bones is challenging, as they are associated with complications such as pressure sores, deep vein thrombosis, and hypostatic pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of treating femoral neck fractures in elderly patients using cemented bipolar prosthesis.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 patients aged 60 to 84 years who underwent cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty within 21 days of fracture from January 2019 to December 2019. Post-operative functional outcomes were assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS) at 3, 12, and 24 weeks, both clinically and radiologically.
Results: Of the 40 patients, 65% were female, and 52.5% had left-sided fractures. The majority (55%) experienced trivial falls. The HHS improved significantly from a mean of 43.73±6.78 at 3 weeks to 82.56±9.13 at 6 months. Garden type 3 fractures were the most common (70%). Functional outcomes were graded as good in 72.5% of patients, excellent in 17.5%, and fair in 5%, while 2.5% had a poor outcome. One patient (2.5%) died due to pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions: Cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures is a safe and effective treatment, promoting early mobilization and reducing the risk of complications such as bed sores, deep vein thrombosis, and hypostatic pneumonia.