bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confining and hoop stresses in ring-confined thin-walled concrete-filled steel tube columns
Authors: Lai Mian Heng , Ho Johnny C. M.
Published: August 2016

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are now widely adopted in many structures due to the superior behaviour provided by composite action. However, this composite action is limited because of the different dilation properties of the constitutive materials at the early elastic stage. Furthermore, due to inelastic outward buckling of the steel tube, CFST columns may suffer serious degradation of the steel confinement. To overcome these problems, external confinement in the form of rings has been recently studied, and test results have shown that such provision can improve the strength, elastic stiffness, ductility and interface bonding of CFST columns. In the work reported in this paper, as a continuation of a previous study of ring-confined CFST columns, ten concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubes were fabricated and tested under uniaxial compression. The main parameters examined were the concrete cylinder strength, the steel tube thickness and the ring spacing. The test results show that external rings are highly effective in improving the uniaxial behaviour of CFST columns. Based on the experimental hoop–axial strain relationships and Prandtl–Reuss theory for the steel tube, the true structural behaviour of unconfined and ring-confined CFST columns, such as the steel–concrete interface bonding condition, the behaviour of the steel tube and core concrete as well as the confining mechanisms, were explored.
Hamlet e a hermenêutica: Das muitas interpretações da triste estória do príncipe da Dinamarca
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Bolshaw
Published: August 2016

Analisa-se aqui quatro adaptações de Hamlet, de William Shakespeare, para o cinema: Laurence Olivier (1948); Franco Zeffirelli (1990); Kenneth Branagh (1996) e Michael Almereyda (2000). E se discutem as relações da narrativa com a psicanálise e com a hermenêutica.
O contrato social da imprensa: por um Leviatã do jornalismo
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: August 2016

Este artigo aborda o conceito de contrato social dos pensadores políticos Thomas Hobbes, John Locke e Jean Jacques Rousseau e o relaciona à imprensa. A ideia do contrato não é usada no âmbito político, entre governados e governantes. É empregada na esfera da comunicação social, entre público e imprensa. O manuscrito recorre ao modelo de Hobbes (o povo se submete à autoridade do Estado em troca de proteção) para pensar um Leviatã do jornalismo (o público respeita a figura da imprensa em troca de conteúdo relevante e verdadeiro). O ensaio, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico, busca defender o modelo tradicional de imprensa e de jornalista frente ao conteúdo de fonte duvidosa e aos produtores independentes de conteúdo da era digital
Esfera pública e redes socias na Internet: O que é novo no Facebook?
Authors: Raimondo Anselmino Natalia , Reviglio María Cecilia , Diviani Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Vivemos em sociedades altamente midiatizadas e não somente atravessadas pela ação dos meios de comunicação de massa mas, também, pelas novas tensões que assume o processo de midiatização a partir do desenvolvimento das redes sociais em Internet. Ao reconhecer a natureza ambiental e construtiva dos meios de comunicação de massa é possível, também, considerar a midiatização como modalidade nuclear da construção da esfera pública. Neste contexto, este artigo pergunta sobre os modos onde o funcionamento do Facebook e os discursos aí expostos participam na configuração da esfera pública contemporânea, assim como, ademais, sobre o grau de novidade que mostra dita intervenção a respeito da exercida pelos tradicionais meios de comunicação de massa. Em função de articular as reflexões expostas com alguns dos eixos que tomou o debate teórico lançado pela análise que realizou Habermas sobre a gênese e as transformações estruturais da vida pública, este artigo enfoca nestes três seguintes aspectos: a gestão da visibilidade, da colocação pública ou publicação; o lugar que ocupa o diálogo, a deliberação e o dissenso; a condição múltipla e móvel da esfera pública atual.
Design de espaços urbanos em mundos virtuais. Uma análise estético-espacial e semântico-funcional à comunicação publicitária inserida na paisagem (urbana) de cibercidades, metaversos e videogames
Authors: Zilles Borba Eduardo , Zuffo Marcelo , Mesquita Francisco , Faria Luís Pinto
Published: August 2016

O artigo aborda questões estéticas e funcionais das representações de espaços urbanos em mundos virtuais. Além de estudar a experiência do indivíduo com cenários eletrônicos, é lançado um olhar crítico às inserções publicitárias na sua paisagem (urbana): Second Life (metaverso), GiraBologna (cibercidade) e Tomb Raider (videogame). A investigação é guiada por observações exploratórias e análises qualitativas, nos quais são identificados elementos da composição espacial e da interação do usuário que influenciam a experiência com anúncios publicitários em mundos virtuais.
Saibham quantos este estormento de contrato virem: análise das terminações nasais em contratos dos séculos XV e XVI
Authors: Monte Vanessa Martins do , Fachin Phablo Roberto Marchis
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é o estudo de contratos portugueses produzidos ao longo dos séculos XV e XVI. Este trabalho é de natureza filológica e situa-se no âmbito do projeto Fontes para a História da Língua Portuguesa: edição de manuscritos dos períodos médio e clássico. Procura-se observar o enquadramento linguístico do corpus, levando-se em conta a tipologia, a região e o contexto em que foi produzido, relacionando-o aos fenômenos que marcaram o período de sua produção, especificamente quanto à convergência em –ão das terminações nasais. Os contratos que compõem o corpus integram o fundo da Colegiada de Santa Maria de Guimarães, Noroeste de Portugal, constantes do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. A análise de documentos dos séculos XV e XVI contribui para os estudos sobre a história do português europeu e brasileiro, uma vez que o estudo de fontes manuscritas amplia o conhecimento de documentação do período e supre a inexistência, ou a extrema raridade, de escritos produzidos em terras da América Portuguesa à época. Os contratos analisados espelham uma realidade linguística muito particular e, apesar de produzidos no período do português médio, revelam características que os aproximam de um estado de língua mais antigo. Tal conclusão sugere uma tendência conservadora em documentos notariais do Noroeste, que poderia, conforme o avanço das pesquisas com constituição de corpora de diferentes tipologias, fazer alargar-se ainda mais o período do português médio, cujo fim tradicionalmente coincide com a data da publicação da primeira gramática da língua portuguesa, em 1536, por Fernão de Oliveira.
“Por ser nova de grande alegria para este reino, se pôs nessa Gazeta”: A circulação de notícias e a Gazeta ‘da Restauração’ em Portugal (1641-1647)
Authors: Mendes Caroline Garcia
Published: August 2016

A circulação de notícias no continente europeu tem sido tema de diversos trabalhos nos últimos anos. Para além de produções individuais, criadas e voltadas exclusivamente para determinadas nações, entende-se que o periodismo impresso foi um movimento ocorrido em diferentes partes da Europa que se iniciou em meados do século XVII. Em Portugal isso não foi diferente. Em novembro de 1641, um ano após a Restauração portuguesa e aclamação de Dom João IV, começou a circular em Lisboa a chamada Gazeta da Restauração, periódico considerado o primeiro daquele país, que continha, em sua maioria, notícias relacionadas às batalhas contra Castela nas fronteiras portuguesas. A publicação possuía autorização régia e apresentava constantemente exaltação à nova Coroa. Seu caráter mensal se estendeu de novembro de 1641 a julho de 1642, quando foi suspensa, podendo retornar a circular meses depois, em novo formato. O presente artigo tem o intuito, assim, de discorrer acerca deste periódico e analisar alguns dos temas presentes em suas páginas, pensando em seus impressores e editores e no momento vivido por aquela sociedade, em que a cultura periódica começava a se estabelecer. 
Remote patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after endoscopic and conventional great saphenous vein harvesting
Authors: Varlamov A G , Dzhordzhikiya R K , Sadykov A R
Published: August 2016

Aim. To compare patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts in remote period after endoscopic and conventional (open) great saphenous vein harvesting. To analyze the patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after endoscopic vein harvesting from calf and thigh.Methods. The study involved 170 patients who underwent elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Treatment results were evaluated in two prospectively formed groups: endoscopic (85 patients) and open (85 people) vein harvesting. Endoscopic vein harvesting was performed both from the calf and from the thigh through popliteal access using endoscopic system Vasoview 6.0. Patency of autovenous aortocoronary grafts was studied in 2.6±1.17 years after surgery using 64-slice contrast-enhanced MDCT or traditional angiography. Angiographic follow-up covered 76 patients with endoscopic vein harvesting and 79 patients with open vein harvesting.Results. The studied groups did not differ in the frequency of detection of occluded, stenotic and fully patent autovenous aortocoronary bypass grafts (p=0.841). In endoscopic vein harvesting group frequency of autovenous aortocoronary bypass grafts occlusion was 25.7%, in the group of open vein harvesting - 25.1% (p=0.984). There was no difference in the patency of internal thoracic artery grafts to the left anterior descending artery (p=0.227), and freedom from adverse cardiac events (p=0.342). Occlusion of autovenous grafts after endoscopic harvesting from the calf developed less frequently than after endoscopic harvesting from the thigh (15.1 vs. 34.6%; p=0.013). Grafts after endoscopic harvesting in the knee region occluded most often (41.9%). Patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after open vein harvesting was not dependent on the area of the vein harvesting (p=0.900).Conclusion. Endoscopic vein harvesting does not compromise the patency of aortocoronary bypass graft and does not increase the risk of its occlusion; endoscopic harvesting of the veins from the calf improves indicators of aortocoronary grafts patency and reduces the risk of graft failure (odds ratio 0.3; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.8; p = 0.013).
Ultrasonic indicators of the heart and carotid arteries in arterial hypertension development in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Akramova E G
Published: August 2016

Aim. To specify the sequence of changes in the functional parameters of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma according to the results of echocardiography, carotid arteries duplex scan and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Methods. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, tissue Doppler echocardiography and carotid artery duplex scan were performed in 160 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, asthma, and 33 apparently healthy volunteers of both sexes aged 39-70 years.Results. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an increase in hypertensive indices of time and area with the development of non-dipper or inverse-dipper 24-hour blood pressure profile disturbances is registered only at night hours. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unlike asthma, carotid arteries thickening, combined hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles develop. The prevalence of the thickening of «intima-media» complex and atherosclerotic plaques among patients with comorbid pathology (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + arterial hypertension) occurs significantly more frequently than in the groups with hypertension or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, confirming the synergistic effect of the considered nosologies on the atherosclerotic process.Conclusion. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease changes of the ultrasonic and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system, typical for arterial hypertension are registered starting with stage I and amplified with increase in the disease severity, leading to the need of diagnostic and therapeutic management correction.
Quality assessment of orthodontic care for adolescents by developing individual dento-somatic profiles
Authors: Kalinichenko Yu A , Lugansky D E , Sirotchenko A A
Published: August 2016

Aim. To study the effectiveness of the use of individual dento-somatic profiles at the stages of orthodontic treatment to improve the quality assessment of orthodontic intervention and compliance achievement between doctor and patient/parents.Methods. The study involved 196 adolescents with dentoalveolar anomalies needing treatment with fixed appliances. The first group (main group) consisted of 108 patients aged 12-15 years with dentoalveolar anomalies amid the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The second group (comparison group) consisted of 86 adolescents with dentoalveolar anomalies without somatic pathology. Dento-somatic profiles with determining the factors influencing the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment were developed. Modeling of individual dento-somatic profiles was performed by means of integral coefficients.Results. In the first group, individual dento-somatic profiles were visually demonstrated to the patients, where a sharp decrease in the level of hygiene was clearly presented. A professional cleaning, the constant use of individual oral care preparations, the use of medications to improve the local immunity in the oral cavity were recommended to them. After 3, 6 and 12 months, the level of hygiene in almost all of the first group adolescents (82.6%) improved to satisfactory values, statistically significantly increased «physician-parents» and «physician-patient» compliance. Indicators of the second group patients were by 2-2.3 times worse. With irregular medical follow-up pathological symptoms fixation, lack of understanding between parents, doctor and patient were revealed. Incompleteness of orthodontic treatment was equally dependent on both the financial difficulties and a lack of understanding of the problem importance on the part of parents and adolescents.Conclusion. Using individual dento-somatic profiles proved to be effective in improving quality assessment of orthodontic intervention and compliance achievement between physician and patient/parents; misunderstanding of features of treatment with fixed appliances by parents and patients, orthodontist inability to provide quality medical management has a negative impact on the effectiveness and significantly increases the duration of orthodontic treatment.
Sleep disorders features in vertebrogenic pain syndrome
Authors: Yakubova A Sh
Published: August 2016

Aim. To assess the frequency and nature of disorders in patients with vertebrogenic pain syndrome.Methods. Influence of such factors as age, gender and the nature of labor on sleep disorders in patients with vertebrogenic pain syndrome was determined. The sample consisted of 50 people, among whom were university students and patients of neurological departments of Kazan hospitals aged 20 to 80 years, with an equal ratio of men and women. A survey was conducted using questionnaires «Scoring subjective sleep characteristics», «Sleep apnea syndrome», «The Epworth Sleepiness Scale», «Sleep quality assessment», «Visual analogue scale».Results. Among respondents aged 20-30 years, 15% have sleep disorders, 27% suffer from sleep apnea syndrome, and 15% have increased daytime sleepiness. In the category of 30-50 years, similar results were as follows 50, 25 and 17%, in those aged 50-80 years - 42, 50 and 42%, respectively. Most of the patients with sleep disorders are women and patients engaged in mental labor. Patients were distributed by pain intensity as follows: for persons in age group of 20-30 years incidence of mild, moderate and severe pain was 50, 39 and 11%, in persons of 30-50 years - 8, 59 and 33%, in patients of 50-80 years - 8, 33 and 59%, respectively.Conclusion. A direct relationship between the severity of vertebrogenic pain syndrome and the presence of sleep disorders, increasing with the patients’ age, was revealed; frequency and systemic manifestations of sleep disorders (sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, sleep disorders) increases with age; persons engaged in mental labor are more likely to have sleep disorders.
Predicting critical incidents development during elective surgery
Authors: Tcygankov K A , Shchegolev A V , Lakhin R E , Averianov D A
Published: August 2016

Aim. The evaluate the possibility of predicting critical incidents development during elective surgery using Duke University activities of daily living questionnaire, a six-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing.Methods. 36 patients who had undergone elective abdominal surgery were included in the study. To determine the functional state in preoperative period patients filled in Duke University activities of daily living questionnaire, performed a 6-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Critical incidents analysis was conducted by E.A. Kazakova method (2005) at two stages: induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Using statistical methods the most informative indicators for predicting critical incidents were determined.Results. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only the anaerobic threshold and 6-minute walk test significantly contributed to predicting critical incidents. At the same time, ROC-analysis demonstrated the predictive value of using only the anaerobic threshold to determine the likelihood of critical incidents. It was found that this indicator threshold value is 10.85 ml/kg per minute with 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity. It is also proved that the patients’ subjective assessment leads to an overestimation of their functional state.Conclusion. Anaerobic threshold indicator determined by a cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be used as a criterion for predicting critical incidents development; reduction in the anaerobic threshold of less than 10.85 mL/kg per minute indicates the likelihood of critical incidents development with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.
Influence of fluorinated and iodized salt on mineral composition of deciduous teeth formed in biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride and iodide
Authors: Ahmedbeyli R M , Safarov A M , Mamedov F Y , Ahmedbeyli C R , Kononkova N N
Published: August 2016

Aim. To study the content of Ca, P, F and I in enamel and dentin composition of deciduous teeth, which are formed in fluoride and iodide deficiency, and its dynamics on the background of the 3-year consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt.Methods. The mineral composition of the deciduous teeth enamel and dentin of 6-12 years old children, born and living in conditions of biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride (0.02-0.08 ppm F in water) and iodide (0.033-0.005 ppm I in water) before and after consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt containing sodium fluoride 300±50 ppm F and potassium iodate 40±10 ppm I was studied. The first phase of the study was conducted before inclusion of fluorinated-iodized salt in the diet of schoolchildren. Using X-ray microanalysis, macro- and microelements of 47 intact deciduous teeth were studied. The contents of the four elements (Ca, P, F, and I) in three layers of enamel (the surface layer, intermediate layer, at the enamel-dentin border) and in three layers of the dentine (the layer at the enamel-dentin border, a middle layer, circumpulpal layer). The second phase of a study on the mineral composition of the enamel and dentin was conducted 3 years after the beginning of fluorinated and iodized salt consumption. 51 deciduous intact tooth were investigated.Results. 3-year consumption of table salt with the addition of sodium fluoride and potassium iodate has led to a significant increase in calcium, phosphorus in the enamel of the all teeth groups. The highest content of fluorine was registered in the molars where the level of fluorine increased by 2.08 times from baseline. The fluorine level in canines increased by 1.76 times from baseline, in incisors - by 1.69 times. The iodine content in the enamel increased approximately 2-fold (incisors - 1.77 times, canines - 1.89 times, molars - 1.85 times), in the dentin, depending on the teeth groups, increase in the studied parameter was by 3.12-3.51 times.Conclusion. 3-year consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt containing sodium fluoride 300±50 ppm F and potassium iodate 40±10 ppm I stimulates increasing the content of Ca, P, F and I in the enamel and the dentin of deciduous teeth formed in fluoride and iodide deficiency.
Morphometric justification of osteosynthesis using implants coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides
Authors: Tsyplakov D E , Izosimova A E , Shakirova F V , Akhtyamov I F , Gatina E B
Published: August 2016

Aim. To perform comparative and morphological assessment of the reparative processes in the bone and the surrounding soft tissues during intramedullary osteosynthesis using stainless steel implants and titanium nitride coated stainless steel implants.Methods. 40 rabbits who underwent open tibial osteotomy followed by retrograde insertion of the implant into the medullary canal served as an experimental model. 2 mm diameter nails of 12X18H9T steel coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides were used. In the control group, similar nails without coating were used. Histological sections of bone fragments and postoperative wounds, which were taken for morphological study on the 10th, 30th, 60th and 180th day from the beginning of the experiment, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with picrofuchsin by Van-Gieson method.Results.The percentage of leukocyte-necrotic masses on the 10th day was 3.5±0.2% in the experimental group and 6.0±0.4% in the comparison group (pConclusion. Osteosynthesis using nails coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides contributes to reduction of the inflammatory response in the surrounding tissues, accelerates the process of reparative regeneration, providing an earlier wound epithelialization and reducing the likelihood of complications development such as incomplete closure of bone defect.
Testicular abscess
Authors: Prokhorov A V
Published: August 2016

In the present literature review modern view on the etiopathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of testicular abscess, which is a rare disease, are described. Testicular abscess develops most often as a result of acute epididymo-orchitis (more than 80% of all cases), much rarer due to testicular inversion and injury. The etiological agent is often E. coli. The disease occurs at any age, especially in immunocompromised patients. Clinical and laboratory picture of testicular abscess has symptomatic nature and consists of local and general signs of purulent inflammation. There are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms. Testicular abscess may occur under the guise of acute inguinal and scrotal area diseases, in a quarter of patients it is characterized by inapparent clinical and laboratory course, simulating testicular tumor or tuberculous orchitis. Diagnostic difficulties are caused by nonspecific clinical and laboratory characteristics and radiation patterns, disease infrequency and a lack of awareness among physicians. Suspicion of testicular abscess arise in ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy for acute epididymo-orchitis during the first 5-7 days of disease and makes physician to perform necessary X-ray studies. The method of choice for the testicular abscess diagnosis is ultrasound examination. The diagnostic capabilities of other radiation techniques have currently been studying. Ultrasound picture of testicular abscess depending on the disease stage is varying and does not differ from the ultrasound picture of abscess of other localization. The most difficult is differential diagnosis of abscess and testicular tumors. In diagnostically ambiguous cases, ultrasound-guided percutaneous testicle biopsy or exploratory surgery are performed. Choice of treatment method is determined by the disease stage. A variety of conservative and surgical treatment methods of the testicular abscess are applied, such as antibiotic therapy, percutaneous puncture and ultrasound-guided abscess aspiration, abscessotomy and orchiectomy. Prognosis for life is favorable with timely treatment of disease.
Mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system in Karachay-Cherkess republic in 2006 and 2014
Authors: Samorodskaya I V , Bolotova E V , Bidzhieva F Y
Published: August 2016

Aim. To study mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system and certain nosological forms in Karachay-Cherkess Republic in 2006 and 2014.Methods. The data of the Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service on the number of deaths according to a short nomenclature of causes of deaths were analyzed. The nosological structure was studied, proportion of each of the causes of death in the total number of deaths from circulatory system diseases was defined. The names of groups of short nomenclature of causes of deaths in 2006 and 2014 were compared. Non-standardized and standardized mortality rates were calculated.Results. Standardized mortality rate due to circulatory diseases decreased by 29.3% in 2014 in comparison with 2006. The decline in mortality due to circulatory system diseases was noted in all age groups, except for the age group 25-29 years (+18.5%) and 60-64 years (+4.2%). Deaths due to primary and recurrent myocardial infarction decreased (by 46.2%) in all age groups except the age of 40-44 years and 80-84 years, in which the mortality rate due to primary and recurrent myocardial infarction increased by 12.5 and 49.4%, respectively. The mortality from ischemic heart disease increased in age 35-39 years (by 11.3%) and 40-44 years (39.4%). In other age groups, the mortality from ischemic heart disease decreased, the maximum reduction was reported in age 65-69 years (54.8%). Standardized mortality rate due to cerebrovascular diseases decreased by 44.06% in 2014 in comparison with 2006.Conclusion. Taking into account significant contribution to the mortality structure due to circulatory system diseases number of deaths, causes of which are not clearly classified and cause problems with clinical interpretation, this issue requires attention of cardiologists, in terms of both health care delivery and specification of the patients’ health status.
Prevalence and compatibility of high risk factors of perinatal losses in the cities of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadova S N
Published: August 2016

Aim. To conduct a comparative assessment of the prevalence and compatibility of high risk factors of perinatal losses in various cities of Azerbaijan.Methods. The study was conducted by continuous coverage of all cases of completed pregnancies at gestational age after 12 full weeks. The women were divided into groups according to age, the counting number of pregnancy and childbirth, birth-spacing interval. Sample size was 6544 cases in the city Sumgait, 4930 in the city of Ganja, in the city of Shirvan 2066.Results.In the city of Sumgait, the proportion of childbirths before the age of 18 years was 0.3±0.07%. In Ganja, this figure was higher by more than 19 times (5.9±0.34%). In the provincial city of Shirvan, proportion of childbirths before the age of 18 years (13.0±0.74%) was higher by more than 43 times in comparison with Sumgait, and 2.2 times more than in Ganja. 5.0±0.27% of childbirths in Sumgait, 6.8±0.36% in Ganja and 7.7±0.59% in Shirvan were registered in women older than 34 years. The differences in indicators between Sumgait and Ganja, Sumgait and Shirvan are statistically significant (pConclusion. The compatibility and prevalence of the high risk factors of perinatal losses have regional characteristics that should be considered when planning preventive measures and monitoring.
Preoperative planning of hip joint arthroplasty in terminal stage degenerative diseases in adolescents
Authors: Zorya V I , Smirnov A V
Published: August 2016

The modern aspects of diagnosis, preoperative planning, and indications for total hip arthroplasty in adolescents are reviewed in the article. The aim of the article is the systematization of the tactics of preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty in the terminal stage degenerative diseases in adolescents. Preoperative planning is very challenging in total hip arthroplasty in adolescents because in all cases on hip radiographs severe anatomical hypoplasia or destruction of both the pelvic and femoral components is visualized. Before the surgery, patients undergo a complex multifactorial examination: orthopedic status specification, X-ray and radio-functional diagnostics, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Examination results allow us to determine the anatomy of the acetabulum, the path of the femoral head within it, the defect type and the diameter of brim of the acetabulum area, its depth, the integrity of the walls and roof. The authors performed total hip arthroplasty in 32 patients aged 15-18 years (11 boys and 21 girls) with terminal stages degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip joint with the implementation of preoperative planning in accordance with described methods. Comparison of preoperative planning results with the clinical results of total hip arthroplasty in most cases showed the agreement of calculations with the intraoperative analysis data. After total arthroplasty, evaluation of patients’ hip joint function was from 92 to 100 points. Preoperative planning is one of the most important stages of total hip arthroplasty in adolescent orthopedics. It allows to obtain reliable information about the needed model of the endoprosthesis, the optimal size of its components, the depth of the acetabulum reaming, the level of the femoral neck resection, placement and orientation of the implant cup and the stem, the possibility of correction of the lower limbs length and to achieve good results in the treatment of patients with severe congenital or acquired hip defects and progressive thigh non-weight bearing.
Ultrasound elastography capabilities in studying uterine cerviх state in pregnant women of high-risk group in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tukhbatullin M G , Yanakova K V
Published: August 2016

Aim. To study capabilities of quantitative elastographic study to assess the elasticity of the uterine cervix in women with a fetal chromosomal abnormality in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods. 230 pregnant women of high-risk group at 11-13.6 weeks of pregnancy (parietal-coccygeal length 45-84 mm) were included in this study. The first group consisted of 213 women without fetal pathology. The second group included 17 women, in whose fetuses different chromosomal abnormalities were detected. In ultrasound examination of pregnant women in the I trimester of pregnancy, in addition to standard methods of examination, quantitative cervical elastography was performed.Results. According to results of quantitative elastography in 14 (82.35%) out of 17 pregnant women (second group) one or another degree of the cervical tissue softening was found, and 3 (17.64%) pregnant women with fetal chromosomal pathology had stiff cervix (all 3 cases with Down syndrome). In the control group in 10 (4.7%) of 213 pregnant women relatively soft cervix was identified, and in 203 (95.3%) women cervical density was higher than the myometrial density. A statistically significant difference between the indices of SWE-Ratio in groups was revealed. Quantitative elastography, as a diagnostic test predicting the risk of miscarriage due to chromosomal abnormalities, has a high sensitivity (84.38%) and even higher specificity (95.26%) of negative predictive value 97.57%.Conclusion. Quantitative elastography reveals a significant decrease in the cervical elasticity (softening) in pregnant women with fetal chromosomal abnormality in the I trimester of pregnancy, which allows us to recommend this method of ultrasound examination as an additional marker for early diagnosis of miscarriage due to fetal chromosomal abnormality.
Mechanisms of development of cardiovascular diseases in age-related disorders of the nervous system
Authors: Shvalev V N , Reutov V P , Sergienko V B , Rogoza A N , Masenko V P , Ansheles A A
Published: August 2016

Prospects for the development of the nervism doctrine in Kazan are related to the continuation of the main scientific fields specific to Kazan medical schools - studying phylo-ontogenesis of the nervous system and the importance of its violations in the development of main diseases using the latest methods. The age-related transformations of the human cardiovascular system innervation in the pre- and postnatal ontogenesis in normal conditions and in major cardiovascular diseases are under study. It was found that the relationship between the human brain and heart during the first 30-40 years of life are characterized by optimally high activity, but then, along with age-related changes in the neurons of the central nervous system there is a decrease in activity of the somatic part of the peripheral nervous system. As morphofunctional studies showed, it is partially related to a decrease in the content of neurotransmitters in the sympathetic plexus of the heart and blood vessels. A concept on the mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system ontogenesis is formulating, it was revealed that the fetal period, along with the differentiation of the central nervous system, is characterized by the beginning of mediator stage of the autonomic nervous system, the phenomenon of early involution of its sympathetic part in normal conditions and in different types of cardiovascular pathology is described. Neurohistochemical data are compared with the results of heart rate variability in healthy individuals and in hypertensive disease. The original data on the nitric oxide synthase content in cardiac nervous system in healthy individuals and in ischemic heart disease are given, the prospects of immunocytochemistry studies of central and peripheral nervous system in age aspect and in major cardiovascular diseases are outlined.
Population Genetic Structure of Asclepias Tuberosa In Northwest Iowa: A Comparison Within and Between Remnant Prairies and Commercially Available Seed
Authors: Ploegstra Jeffrey T , de Ruyter Brittany , Jelsma Tony
Published: August 2016

Isolated in scattered remnants, less than 0.1% of Iowa's original tallgrass prairie remains. The small populations remaining are at risk for reduced genetic diversity, inbreeding depression, and outbreeding depression. In light of these concerns, we used microsatellite analysis to assess the genetic structure of butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) populations on prairie remnants in northwest Iowa. We compared remnant populations with a restoration population at Dordt College in Sioux Center, Iowa, and with an Oklahoma seed source. Microsatellites identified for use in common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) had sufficient polymorphism information content (PIC) across the butterfly milkweed (A. tuberosa) populations sampled (mean PIC = 0.624). The FIS values indicated a lack of inbreeding (mean FIS = −0.1455) even in the commercially expanded seed. The pairwise FST values showed a low degree of differentiation among the remnants (mean FST = 0.0453) but a moderate degree (mean FST = 0.105) of differentiation when comparing the remnants to the Dordt restoration or to seed from Oklahoma. Despite massive loss and fragmentation of the tallgrass prairie, our microsatellite analysis revealed no evidence of inbreeding in A. tuberosa. However, evidence of genetic differentiation suggests that effort should be made to preserve the diversity still present. Seed expansion efforts appear to have had minimal impact on overall genetic diversity, although the diversity in particular selectable traits may be reduced. The differences between the genetics of the propagated seed at the Dordt restoration and the Oklahoma seed when compared to native remnants support the usefulness of source-identified seed.
EVOLUÇÃO DA EMISSÃO DE MONÓXIDO DE CARBONO ASSOCIADA À FROTA DE VEÍCULOS LEVES NA CIDADE DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS – SP - BRASIL
Authors: Silva Janilda Eufrásio da , Rosa Maria Angélica Guerra , Pacini Alessandra Abe
Published: August 2016

A problemática em torno do aumento da poluição na troposfera terrestre e seus impactos negativos na saúde pública e no meio ambiente têm incentivado diversas pesquisas científicas. Os veículos leves são considerados um dos principais responsáveis pelo crescimento da taxa de poluição atmosférica, e, por este fato, este trabalho apresenta uma estimativa do total de monóxido de carbono (CO), emitido por veículos leves (gasolina, etanol e flex) nas últimas décadas, na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP, considerando-se a evolução da frota entre os anos de 1973 e 2013. Os valores encontrados através da metodologia adotada são comparáveis aos valores medidos recentemente por órgãos públicos. Considerando a atual tendência de crescimento da frota circulante na cidade, foi possível discutir o total de emissão de CO esperado para o ano de 2020 e apresentar algumas soluções para a redução da emissão deste poluente atmosférico.
A DEFESA DA DESAPOSENTAÇÃO: A VISÃO DOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES
Authors: Jordan Débora Freitas
Published: August 2016

A renúncia à aposentadoria atual para obtenção de nova aposentadoria é um tema de interesse social, como meio de reajustamento da renda mensal dos aposentados. A desaposentação consiste em renunciar o segurado à aposentadoria por ele obtida para computar período contributivo utilizado, conjuntamente com os salários de contribuição da atividade em que permaneceu trabalhando, para a concessão de posterior e nova aposentação, seja no mesmo ou em outro regime previdenciário. Desnecessária a devolução dos valores recebidos quando da sua aposentadoria atual.
APLICAÇÃO DE WAVELETS NA ANALISE DE RÁDIO EMISSÕES SOLARES
Authors: Macedo Humberto Gimenes , Sodré Zuleika Auxiliadora da Luz , Fernandes Francisco Carlos Rocha
Published: August 2016

O estudo de sinais não estacionários necessita de modelos matemáticos mais sofisticados para sua análise, pois, em tais sinais, a propriedade não se mantém constante, necessitando a determinação da ocorrência no tempo de propriedades associadas à natureza do evento, como periodicidades e frequências. Nesse cenário, a análise de séries temporais por wavelet se apresenta com um valioso método matemático, pois concebe uma representação tempo-frequência, permitindo determinar quando as componentes de frequência ocorrem no tempo. Neste trabalho, uma rotina desenvolvida em MATLAB para análise por wavelet foi aplicada em dados de rádio emissões solares tipo I (02/08/2010 11:00:31 - 11:15:31 UT) e tipo III (09/05/2015 16:29:38 - 16:45:00 UT) registradas pelo espectrógrafo BLEN7M da rede e-CALLISTO, com o intuito de revelar periodicidades e intermitências associadas aos eventos analisados. De forma preliminar, a análise por wavelet identificou periodicidades entre 32 e 64 segundos entre a ocorrência dos grupos de emissões tipo III e de cerca de 64 segundos e de cerca de 64 segundos para correntes de emissões tipo I, demonstrando a eficácia da rotina na detecção de periodicidades nos dados espectrais solares.
ISOLAMENTO VERTICAL DO MULTI-NESTED PENDULA PARA DETECTORES INTERFEROMÉTRICOS DE ONDAS GRAVITACIONAIS
Authors: Ferreira Elvis Camilo , Junior Márcio Constâncio , Aguiar Odylio Denys , Dos Santos Silva Allan Douglas
Published: August 2016

Neste trabalho apresentamos os primeiros resultados do estudo do isolamento vertical em um sistema de pêndulos multi-aninhados, para aplicação como isoladores vibracionais passivos dos espelhos da próxima geração de detectores interferométricos de ondas gravitacionais, como o LIGO Voyager. As funções de transferência teórica dos modos verticais indicam um fator de isolamento de até seis ordens de grandeza em 10 Hz. As medições dessas oscilações apresentam frequências de ressonância indesejáveis e indicam que o sistema necessita de melhorias. Aqui propomos algumas soluções para isso, que já estão sendo estudadas.
Regional Tourist Organisation of the Łódź Voivodeship and its role in the processes of tourism-based local production systems’ development
Authors: Rzeńca Piotr Krzysztof
Published: August 2016

Whether we call them local production systems, clusters or industrial districts, all of these co-opetition arrangements can be considered stimuli in developing and implementing innovations as well as local and regional growth. The complexity of a tourist product and specific requirements connected with it make the particularly prone to the forming of clusters and cluster initiatives. In 2012 tourism industry ranked second in Poland with 27 cluster initiatives and a stable growth dynamics. Tourism is dominated by top-down initiatives, contrary to other industries, where bottom up arrangements prevail. Regional cluster initiatives may be built on regional tourist organisations. The Regional Tourist Organisation of the Lodz Voivodeship (RTO LV) was established, inter alia, to create the image of the voivodeship as an attractive tourist region, to promote tourism in the region and to improve the quality of a tourist product. Since networking of the regional economy is required, the organisation joins entities representing different industries, territorial self-government units, associations, foundations, etc. According to the Board of the RTO LV, the organisation has reached an optimum representation of various industries. The RTO LV also creates smaller clusters, which flexibly enhance its potential. Focus on networking makes the organisation closer to the network cluster idea of the OECD rather than to Porter’s co-opetition relationships. As formally, the RTO LV has not got the status of a cluster, it seems justified to use the term cluster initiative or quasi-cluster structure.
Demographic and functional potential of the Novosibirsk urban region in Russian Federation. A case study of transformations using the directional profile method
Authors: Tobiasz-Lis Paulina , Wójcik Marcin
Published: August 2016

The research presented in this article focuses on the urban region of Novosibirsk, which is one of the most industrialized part of Siberia and the Asian part of Russian Federation. To show relationships between the city as the core of the region and its peripheral area a case study analysing territorial units within the southern settlement belt along the Novosibirsk–Cherepanovo regional railway line over a distance of approx. 100 km. This belt was chosen because of the continuity of the settlement and due to the presence of different functional types of edge towns. The adopted system, from the core to the area of weakening direct links to Novosibirsk, helped to define the directional profile of the urban region as relating to the demographic and economic characteristics. The research was based on two methods of determining the functions of cities in the national settlement system: a research programme concerning the genesis of functional development and a research programme of specialised functions, the purpose of which is to determine the economic base (exogenous functions) of territorial units. The presented results have shown general tendencies in the transformations of the Novosibirsk urban region’s spatial structure, both in long-term perspective (the generic view of function development) and under contemporary circumstances related to the economic transformation of Russia.
A Cure for HIV Infection: “Not in My Lifetime” or “Just Around the Corner”?
Authors: Lederman Michael M. , Cannon Paula M. , Currier Judith S. , June Carl H. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Lewin Sharon R. , Margolis David M. , McCune Joseph M. , Mellors John W. , Schacker Timothy W. , Sekaly Rafick P. , Tebas Pablo , Walker Bruce D. , Douek Daniel C.
Published: August 2016

With the advent and stunning success of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prolong and improve quality of life for persons with HIV infection, HIV research has been afforded the opportunity to pivot towards studies aimed at finding “a cure.” The mere idea that cure of HIV might be possible has energized researchers and the community towards achieving this goal. Funding agencies, both governmental and private, have targeted HIV cure as a high priority; many in the field have responded to these initiatives and the cure research agenda is robust.In this “salon” two editors of Pathogens and Immunity, Michael Lederman and Daniel Douek ask whether curing HIV is a realistic, scalable objective. We start with an overview perspective and have asked a number of prominent HIV researchers to add to the discussion.
A Unified Model of Oil/Water Two-Phase Flow in the Horizontal Wellbore
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Zhang Quan , Zeng Quanshu , Wei Jianguang
Published: August 2016

In this article, a more-general flow-pattern classification of oil/water two-phase flow in the horizontal wellbore is proposed first according to the theoretical analysis and previous research achievements, on the basis of which a simplification is then performed through reasonable incorporation, and the ultimate flow patterns considered for modeling are reduced to two categories containing only six standard patterns. By use of the classical two-fluid and homogeneous modeling methodologies stemming from oil/water two-phase flow in conventional pipes, combined with the simplified classification, a mechanistic model is developed to predict the flow characteristics including the flow patterns and pressure losses for oil/water two-phase variable-mass flow in the horizontal wellbore. Model implementation is performed on the basis of the universal principle that a system will stabilize to the equilibrium state of minimum energy. Overall performance of the mechanistic model is then validated against the new data sets measured upon a large-scale experimental apparatus at the China University of Petroleum (CUP), which is designed and constructed to simulate the gas/oil/water multiphase flow in horizontal wellbores with wall mass transfer. Results show that the model developed in this paper can not only properly predict the flow patterns of oil/water two-phase flow in the horizontal wellbore, but also has high prediction accuracy for the pressure drops. Compared with the new experimental data for oil/water two-phase variable-mass flow that covers a series of input water-volumetric fractions ranging from 10 to 90%, the highest absolute average percentage error of the new unified model is 12% and the whole error is 9.2%, which demonstrates an acceptable performance. Investigations conducted in this study further enrich and develop the theory of hydrodynamic calculation for oil/water flow in the horizontal wellbore with wall influx.
The Synthesis of (Iodobenzyl)oxybenzaldehydes, Useful Intermediates for Biologically Active Targets
Authors: Bölcskei Hedvig , Német-Hanzelik Andrea , Greiner István , Dubrovay Zsófia , Háda Viktor , Keglevich György
Published: August 2016

The benzyloxy-benzyl moiety is a valuable building block in medicinal chemistry, e.g. in case of the voltage gated sodium channel blockers Safinamide and Ralfinamide. To prepare further derivatives a series of (iodobenzyl)oxybenzaldehydes (3a-3i) useful intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds were synthesized in high yields by O-benzylation of 2-, 3- and 4- hydroxybenzaldehydes (2a-2c) with a variety of iodobenzylbromides (1a-1c). The title compounds were obtained in 77-100 % yield in 2-5 hours. Longer reaction time or addition of water favoured the formation of aldol-type by-products, mainly 4-hydroxy-4-{[(iodophenyl)methoxy]phenyl}butan-2-one derivatives (5a-5g), which contained the iodine group and the 4-hydroxy-butan-2-one moiety in various positions. In one case (3E-)-4-{3-[(2-iodophenyl)methoxy]phenyl}but-3-en-2-one (6c) with a double bond has been isolated. These side-reactions could be avoided by using acetonitrile as solvent. The structures of the new products were established by high resolution MS and NMR measurements, where 1H-1H, direct 1H-13C, long-range 1H-13C scalar spin-spin connectivities were established from 1D 1H, 13C, 2D gHSQCAD, zTOCSY and gHMBCAD NMR experiments.