bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis, Description, and What Really Happens
Authors: Dubiel Joseph
Published: February 2024

The distinction between analysis and description is not a useful one to make if our aim is to distinguish between writing about music that
helps us hear and understand it better and writing that does not. If the distinction is supposed to depend on analysis being explanatory and
description not, and if explanation depends on teleology (a conception inferable from much theoretical literature, here called the “received view”), then this methodological stance both overestimates the force of analytical explanation and underestimates the variety of ways that music
can go. There is not much point in arguing against this conception, when we can instead simply ignore it—that is, stop taking positions with
respect to it, thereby freeing ourselves to value work that falls on either side of it, or on neither side, depending only on how we find our
musical experience illuminated and expanded.
Responses to Plenary Session Papers, NECMT 2000
Authors: Forte Allen
Published: February 2024

At the NECMT 2000 meeting five formal papers were presented, covering new approaches to music theory and analysis (Dubiel and McCreless), the advantages of opening new repertoires to study (Hisama), a retrospective and prognostic of music theory pedagogy (Karpinski), and a discussion-demonstration of an analytical approach to rock music (Kaminsky). The responses by the present author address issues and special features he perceived in this array of interesting papers.
Structure and Perception in Herma by Iannis Xenakis
Authors: Wannamaker Robert A.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a detailed analytical discussion of

Herma (1961) for solo piano by Iannis Xenakis. The model of the work as a

set-theoretic demonstration, advanced in the writings of the composer, is

discussed. A statistical analysis reveals numerous inconsistencies between the

published score and this model. The aesthetic consequences of these are

explored, and an attempt is made to develop an alternative understanding of the

music as it is perceived by listeners in terms of temporal gestalt

formation.
Review of Robert D. Morris, Class Notes for Advanced Atonal Music Theory (Frog Peak Music, 2001)
Authors: Capuzzo Guy
Published: February 2024

This review of Class Notes for Advanced Atonal Music Theory by Robert D. Morris (Lebanon, NH: Frog Peak Music, 2001) describes the book’s organization, content, and applicability for pedagogical and research uses.
Towards a Typology of Minimalist Tropes
Authors: Leydon Rebecca
Published: February 2024

While minimalism as a style is characterized by the monolithic technique of “musematic” repetition, the style is, at the same time, capable of projecting a broad range of differentiated affects. Building on the work of Naomi Cumming and Richard Middleton, this paper develops a preliminary typology of “musematic” tropes, based on the intended and experiential effects of ostinato techniques. One particular trope, which I term the “aphasic,” is explored with references to Michael Nyman’s The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat.
Some Comments on the Relation Between Music and Motion
Authors: Honing Henkjan
Published: February 2024

This text is a comment on a family of formal models of the “final ritard,” the typical slowing down at the end of a music performance, and how the shape of the timing patterns might relate to, or can be explained by, models of human motion. The discussion is presented in the form of a tale, with three fictitious characters (P, M, and their musical friend MF) who represent the different disciplines involved in this research (psychology, mathematics/computer science, and musicology).
The Harmonic Function of the Altered Octave in Early Atonal Music of Schoenberg and Webern
Authors: Cramer Alfred
Published: February 2024

I present synthesized sound examples of several atonal expressionist excerpts to illustrate the effect of the altered octave as a sonority. Psychology, linguistics, and literature about 1900 suggest that early atonal expressionist music of Schoenberg and Webern may consist of a polyphony audible as coalescing and dividing sonorities. I argue that ideas about sound perception gathered together by A. S. Bregman under the rubric ofauditory scene analysis provide a way to conceptualize such polyphony,and I propose that the altered octave is a harmonic element crucial inproducing the coalescences and divisions.
Pakistan: One Year Growth Strategy
Authors: Islamabad PIDE
Published: February 2024

Focus on Investment, productivity, and exports.

Remove bottlenecks linked to terrifs, sludge: cost of regulation, financial &energy constraints.

Initiate “Regulatory Audit”.

Reduce bank’s holding of the government securities.

Create a National Debt Management Office.

Revisit DISCO’s management.

Introduce pre-paid metering.

Do away from uniform energy tariffs.

Introduce wheeling and bilateral agreements.

Tax Simplification

Implement Point of Sale (POS)

Deregulate the real estate market by eliminating NOCs and FBR/DC rates.

Tie Real estate & city development.

Unlock dead capital.

Internet for all.

Youth Involvement—promote sports, culture & clubs

Promote street vending—huge employment generation.
Social and Civic Engagement: Building Community or “Bowling Alone”?
Authors: E Nayab Durr
Published: February 2024

Would Pakistan be experiencing the kind of crises—social, political, economic and one of identity — that it is currently facing, if the country had better social and civic engagement? Would our democracy be more robust with more engagement by the community? These are rather complex questions to give a definitive answer to, but we have examples where extraordinary levels of people’s engagement have helped in developing a healthy community, and by implication a more vibrant democracy. It is premised that strong interpersonal sociability and associational life can create opportunities for people, foster a sense of efficacy, and constrain capture by any interest group.

Are people in Pakistan socially engaged or are they “bowling alone”? Bowling alone is an idea given by Putnam (2000) in his study on the changing American behaviour over the decades. Putnam believed that Americans were becoming increasingly individualistic and disconnected from social structures—that is structures like clubs, associations, organisations, or bowling leagues. To him, more and more Americans were preferring to bowl alone instead of with others or in leagues.

Communities develop when there are opportunities for social and civic engagement to emerge. In the PIDE-BASICS Survey, we asked people if they were members of any club or organisation, and if they did any volunteer work. In case they were, we asked them about the nature of the club/organisation, and the kind of volunteerism they did. Based on this information, the current Note will see the trends for social and civic engagement for the four provinces and the three territories, and across regions, sex, age, and education and income levels.
Decentralisation’s Effects on Health: Theory and Evidence from Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Ahmed  , Abdul Qayyum
Published: February 2024

The paper investigated the impact of decentralisation on health outcomes in Balochistan. It looked at how decentralisation has been [in]effective in improving (worsening) the overall healthcare services in the province. The impact of decentralisation was seen through the National Finance Commission’s (NFC) 7th NFC Award and the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. Both initiatives provide fiscal and administrative decentralisation to the provinces in Pakistan. Healthcare service in Pakistan is a provincial subject and any step that helps to improve the capacity of the provinces should supposedly translate into better services of healthcare. After the 7th NFC Award and the 18th Amendment, Balochistan has gained bigger fiscal space and provincial autonomy to improve social services including health. The study used a time series dataset from 1975 to 2020 from federal/provincial/district sources to provide micro-level evidence of static (or otherwise) outcomes in health corresponding to decentralisation. The paper compared the public health provision by provincial/subnational government with a centralised government to assess which tier is more effective (or otherwise) in health care provision considering various institutional types in both decentralised and decentralised regimes. The findings show that decentralisation did not improve health outcomes such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and child immunisation. Instead, it caused an increase in infant mortality in Balochistan. The paper concludes that health outcomes have not improved in post decentralisation despite bigger fiscal space and provincial autonomy. Thus, the province has not been able to increase healthcare services with qualitatively better outcomes.
Reviewing online learning effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective
Authors: Idowu Sulaimon Adeniyi  , Nancy Mohd Al Hamad  , Ololade Elizabeth Adewusi  , Chika Chioma Unachukwu  , Blessing Osawaru  , Onyebuchi Uneamaka Chilson  , Samuel Ayodeji Omolawal  , Aderonke Omotayo Aliu  , Isiah Oden David
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented challenges to education systems worldwide, forcing a rapid shift towards online learning as a primary mode of instruction. This Review reviews the effectiveness of online learning during the pandemic from a global perspective. The study considers various factors influencing the success or challenges faced by students, educators, and institutions in transitioning to digital platforms. One key aspect under scrutiny is the technological readiness of educational institutions across different countries. Disparities in infrastructure, access to devices, and internet connectivity have played a pivotal role in shaping the online learning experience. The study investigates how these disparities have impacted the effectiveness of online education, highlighting the importance of addressing digital divides for equitable learning opportunities. Furthermore, the Review explores the role of pedagogical strategies employed in online education. With the abrupt shift to virtual classrooms, educators had to adapt their teaching methods to suit the digital environment. The review assesses the effectiveness of various instructional approaches, considering factors such as student engagement, motivation, and the ability to cater to diverse learning styles. The socio-economic implications of online learning are also examined, as the pandemic has heightened existing inequalities. The study investigates how economic disparities have influenced access to education, examining the challenges faced by vulnerable populations. It also explores potential solutions and policy implications to bridge the gap and promote inclusivity in online education. The Review delves into the psychological impact of online learning on students and educators. Isolation, screen fatigue, and the absence of face-to-face interaction have posed mental health challenges. The review considers the measures taken by educational institutions to address these concerns and enhance the overall well-being of the academic community. In conclusion, this Review provides a comprehensive overview of the global experience with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing technological, pedagogical, socio-economic, and psychological dimensions, it aims to contribute valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of online education in future scenarios of crisis or as a complementary mode of learning.
E-learning platforms in higher education: A comparative review of the USA and Africa
Authors: Idowu Sulaimon Adeniyi  , Nancy Mohd Al Hamad  , Ololade Elizabeth Adewusi  , Chika Chioma Unachukwu  , Blessing Osawaru  , Onyebuchi Uneamaka Chilson  , Samuel Ayodeji Omolawal  , Aderonke Omotayo Aliu  , Isiah Oden David
Published: February 2024

This comparative review explores the landscape of e-learning platforms in higher education, drawing distinctions between the United States and Africa. As technology continues to transform education globally, understanding the nuanced approaches and challenges faced by these regions becomes paramount. In the United States, a leader in educational technology, e-learning platforms have become integral to higher education institutions. This study examines the diverse platforms utilized, ranging from learning management systems to specialized tools fostering interactive and collaborative learning experiences. The analysis also delves into the role of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and their impact on access to education.In contrast, the African continent exhibits a varied and evolving e-learning terrain, shaped by economic, infrastructural, and cultural factors. The study reviews how African higher education institutions are adapting to digital transformation, emphasizing the unique challenges faced in the implementation of e-learning platforms. Accessibility, connectivity issues, and the digital divide present formidable hurdles, yet innovative initiatives and partnerships are emerging to address these constraints.A comparative lens is applied to elucidate commonalities and disparities in e-learning adoption between the USA and Africa. Policy frameworks, funding mechanisms, and institutional support for e-learning initiatives are scrutinized, revealing how governmental and organizational strategies influence the trajectory of digital education. The study also considers the role of e-learning in addressing socio-economic disparities, particularly in Africa, where digital education has the potential to bridge gaps and enhance educational inclusivity.The implications of these comparative findings extend beyond the technological realm, touching upon pedagogical shifts, student engagement, and the future of higher education. As the world navigates the complexities of the digital age, this comparative review contributes to a broader understanding of how e-learning platforms are shaping higher education in the USA and Africa, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders invested in advancing educational opportunities in an increasingly interconnected world.
Risk preference: Tax understanding, tax services, tax audits and tax sanctions on taxable entrepreneur compliance
Authors: Nada Junitha Henuk  , I Putu Sudana
Published: February 2024

Tax compliance is needed to maximize state revenue. Tax compliance can be interpreted as an ideal condition for taxpayers to fulfill tax regulations and report their income accurately and honestly. Basically, tax compliance is closely related to the extent to which taxpayers fulfill their tax obligations. This research focuses on analyzing the compliance of Taxable Entrepreneurs in fulfilling their Value Added Tax (VAT) obligations. This research was conducted at 8 (eight) Tax Service Offices in Bali Province. The sample in this study amounted to 100 Taxable Entrepreneurs using purposive proportional random sampling. The data collection method used is a questionnaire using a 5 (five) point Likert scale. Data analysis in this study is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that tax understanding and tax sanctions have a positive and significant effect on the compliance of taxable entrepreneurs. While tax services and tax audits have no significant effect on the compliance of taxable entrepreneurs. The risk preference variable as a moderating variable strengthens the effect of tax understanding and tax sanctions on taxable entrepreneur compliance, but is incapable of moderating the effect of tax services and tax audits on taxable entrepreneur compliance.
A comparative analysis of the economics of cassava production and processing by IFAD VCDP participants and non-participants in Benue and Kogi States, Nigeria
Authors: Odekina Friday Odekina  , Saliu Olushola Jamiu  , Adah Obe Christopher  , Adejo Patrick Emmanuel  , Adejoh Stella Ojone
Published: February 2024

This study analyzed the Economics of Cassava production and processing by IFAD VCDP participants and Non-participants in Benue and Kogi States, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants along the value chain; estimate the cost and returns on production and processing of cassava by participants and non-participant respondents in the study area, and to identify the constraints to cassava production and processing in the study area. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested. There is no difference between the income of participants and non-participants The study employed the survey research design of descriptive type. Simple random sampling technique and Proportionate sampling (using Taro Yamane) were used to scientifically select 333 participants and 333 non – participants from the two states making 666 respondents. However only 664 questionnaires were found useful. Data collected were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and gross margin. Findings from the study revealed that majority of the respondents were males (52.71%), in the active age range of 31 – 50 years, married (89.31 %,), educated (84%) and had over five years’ experience (74.25%). Gross margin analysis showed that the participants had a gross margin of N792, 952 and Benefit-cost ratio of 6.64 as against N646, 961.76 and 5.83 by non-participant farmers respectively and N820, 374.10 and Benefit-cost ratio of 3.23 for participant processors and N452, 917.85 and 2.03 for non-participant processors respectively. Lack of funds (2.61), poor rural infrastructure (2.29), high transportation (2.42) and poor access to stem cuttings (2.44) constitute constraints to cassava production while lack of funds (2.90), poor rural infrastructure (2.44) and high transportation cost (2.15) constitute constraints to cassava processing. The z-test statistical analysis result revealed income differential of N264, 081 in favour of participants with a t-value of 12.0842 significant at 1% level (Pr. = 0.000). Conclusively, the study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of participants and non-participants in the IFAD VCDP programme, shedding light on their socioeconomic characteristics, and constraints. Notably, the participants in the programme demonstrated a higher mean income compared to non-participants, indicating the positive impact of IFAD project participation on income generation. The study among others recommends that policymakers explore options for providing financial assistance such as microcredit facilities, or grants to the participants, ensuring that financial literacy training accompany these initiatives to ensure responsible use of funds and investment in cassava-related activities.
Peran Karakter Pendidik PAUD dalam Proses Pembelajaran Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Raihana Raihana , Alucyana Alucyana , Utami Dian Tri , Nisa Kudwatun , Fitri Safa Aulia
Published: February 2024

Karakter yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik PAUD sangat berbeda dengan karakter pendidik pada jenjang diatasnya. Pondasi yang dibangun dalam PAUD memerlukan struktur yang kuat, baik aspek pembelajaran dalam kegiatan bermain maupun pengembangan potensi anak, sehingga diperlukan tenaga pendidik yang juga mempunyai karakter kuat dan berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seperti apa karakter pendidik PAUD yang diperlukan dalam proses pembelajaran pada anak usia dini. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 4 orang informan yang merupakan guru di TK Mata Air Zam Zam. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ada 7 karakter yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik PAUD yaitu 1) seorang guru harus pandai dalam membawa diri. 2) mampu berintegrasi dengan dunia anak. 3) mempunyai rencana dan persiapan dalam mengajar. 4) mempunyai kesabaran yang besar. 5) mempunyai sifat mengasuh. 6) mempunyai rasa ingin tahu yang kuat dalam belajar. 7) mempunyai sikap kreatif dalam belajar.
عصر الظهور السامري تاهب دراسة مقارنة في النصوص السامية المقدسة
Authors: الشمري نهاد
Published: February 2024

ان عقيدة المنقذ او المخلص هي من العقائدد الثابتد لدد الدداااا السدماوا الثلاثد الدذ انقدذ البشديا مدن الظلم والطغيان, وقد اختلفت الآراء حول شخصي هذا المنقذ فهو بحسب اليهودا من بندي اسديائي وااد مدن اسد اسحق واسموه ب)مسيا(, على اليغم من ان الآراء الساميا اختلفت اذ اكد ان المنقذ هو مدن اسد اسدماعي ابدن ابياهيم وليس اسحق كما ادعى اليهدود, وا كاادت شخصدي المنقدذ الا ان الاامدان بدالفرية موجدود فهدو اظهدي فدي اخي الزمان فيقيم العدل واُصلح مافسد من اخلاق الناس وسلوكياتهم وتنعم الارض بعد مجيئ بالخيي والبيكا . احدداول ان اسددتعيض فددي بحثنددا هددذا مددن خددلال اصددو الرتددا المقدددس المرتددو باللغددا السددامي وتيجمات العيبي , صور اخي الزمان وعصي الظهور لبني اسيائي مدن السدامية ومقاراد تلد النصدو مد مدا جاء عند اليهود اليبااين من خلال دراس مقارا بدين التدوارة السداميا المرتوبد بدالخ الرنعدااي القددام, والتدوراة العبياد لليهددود المرتوبدد بددالخ الميبدد الاشددور , وكدذل التيجددو السددامي المرتدو باللغدد الاراميدد وبددالخ الميب الاشور , والعهد الجداد من الرتا المقدس المرتو بالخ السياااي. الغاادد الاساسددي مددن هددذا البحدد توضدديح عصددي الظهددور عنددد طائفدد السددامية ذلدد لان اغلددب الاداددان السماوا وان تنوعت في مذاهبها على اختلاف اصوصها المقدس وتفاسييها, فهي تؤمن بمجديء المنقدذ المخلدص الذ من خلال اتحقق العدل الالهي, وطائف السامية تمث واحدة من اقد تل الطوائف في العالم. الهددف الميجدو مدن هدذا البحد هدو القداء اظدية مختصدية علدى طائفد السدامية وعقيددتها بدرخي الزمدان والمخلص الذ انتظيوا واطلقون علي اسماء مختلف مث : )تاهب / تاادب( واديون بدان لد علائدم منهدا ااد لديس من اسيائي أظهاره لرلم الله واقل لعصا موسى وألواح العشية, واحضاره )قدرة المّن(.×
Reinterpreting the Special Theory of Relativity through Discrete Motion Theory
Authors: Apell Agona
Published: February 2024

Albert Einstein stated that whilst contemplating the riddles that led him to conceive the Special Theory of Relativity (STR), he became convinced that “time was suspect”. Based on that impression, he gave us the prevailing formalism and interpretation of relativity theory. Given the multiple riddles of relativity theory itself, we are compelled to propose that not time but our prevailing model of motion is suspect: i.e. motion is discrete but we perceive and treat it as continuous; so, theories that treat it as continuous are in need of re-interpretation through the lens of discrete motion. In our model of discrete motion, we propose that all subluminal velocities are derivatives of two fundamental velocities – specifically, elements of the set S = {c, 0}, where c is the velocity of light. Discrete motion, therefore, occurs by ephemeral flight and ephemeral pause: during ephemeral flight, particle speed is c, and during ephemeral pause, it is zero. Among our major findings is that kinetic energy does not exist at speed c because the ephemeral pause – i.e. the interval in which kinetic energy operates – vanishes. Accordingly, application of the kinetic energy formula at speed c is misconceived and any conclusion drawn from it invalid. One such conclusion is the STR statement that mass-possessing particles cannot attain speed c. This finding shall therefore facilitate theory development hitherto hampered by the speed limit stipulated for matter in STR.
Performance-Based Acceptance and Commitment Training in a Collegiate Flight Program
Authors: Lee Eric , Miller Irene , Bro Ken , Robertson Michael , Arendtson Myles , Loew Sarah , Wall Andy
Published: February 2024

Students in flight training programs experience high levels of stress and anxiety that may impede their performance on practical exams. The restrictive nature of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and perceived negative consequences of seeking mental health treatment further exacerbates these challenges. This study examined the efficacy of performance-based acceptance and commitment training (ACT) in enhancing psychological flexibility, resilience, and mental well-being as well as improving FAA practical examination outcomes among collegiate flight training students. A randomized controlled trial was used to compare outcomes between students receiving a six-week ACT intervention (n=23) and a control group (n=27). The planned sample size of 100 was not achieved, thus, the analyses were underpowered and should be cautiously interpreted. Results indicate significant improvements among intervention participants in anxiety sensitivity (g = .43) and psychological flexibility (g = .58) compared to those in the control group. However, no significant differences in examination pass rates or time to completion were found between groups. To examine idiographic differences, individual change scores were plotted, demonstrating the heterogeneity of effects between participants. Potential explanations for the intervention’s lack of effect on practical exam performance are discussed and suggestions are given to improve future performance-based interventions in this unique context.
Public Support for Universal Second Look Sentencing: A Research Note
Authors: Smith Paula , Graham Amanda , Cullen Francis T. , Pickett Justin , Jonson Cheryl Lero , Hannan Kellie R. , Pompoco Amanda
Published: February 2024

Based on a 2023 national-level YouGov survey (N = 800), we explored public support for universal second look sentencing—the view that all incarcerated individuals, not just those under 25, should be eligible to have lengthy sentences revisited by judges after serving 15 to 20 years in prison. A majority of Americans supported a universal policy, with only about 1 in 5 respondents opposed. Multivariate analysis showed that redeemability is not static but dynamic. It can be earned if prisoners signal their reformation by completing rehabilitation programs and receiving a positive recommendation from the warden. Support from the victim (or their family) also matters. Given the public’s endorsement, second look sentencing may be a viable policy for helping to address the problem of extreme prison terms.
Precise estimation of the GPS To Galileo Time Offset: an experimental setup and its associated processing method
Authors: Sakic Pierre , Saint-Denis Edmond , Thevenet Solène , Vautier Émilie , Ramatschi Markus
Published: February 2024

Although the satellite navigation systems are all in their definition based on the international atomic time (TAI), each system has its own realization. There is therefore a difference, variable in time, between different realizations of the same time systems. Thus, the time of the GPS (GPST) and Galileo (Galileo System Time, GST) systems differ in their realization by some nanoseconds. This difference is called GGTO for GPS to Galileo time offset. An independent, accurate and high resolution knowledge of the GGTO can be useful for precise positioning and orbit determination in a multi-constellation context. However, the GGTO, determined by the Galileo ground segment, is not distributed publicly in a precise way. We present here an experimental setup to estimate the GGTO: the same GNSS antenna is ``split'' on two receivers, one using the GPST, the other the GST as reference time. Both receivers are connected to the same rubidium oscillator, in order to have the same frequency reference. A preliminary analysis has been carried out using collected pseudo-distance observations. The results obtained show a good agreement with the broadcast GGTO, but a constant bias of few nanoseconds remains, requiring further investigations.
Influence of believed AI involvement on the perception of digital medical advice
Authors: Reis Moritz , Reis Florian , Kunde Wilfried
Published: February 2024

Large Language Models (LLM) offer novel opportunities to seek digital medical advice. While previous research primarily addressed the performance of such artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools, public perception of these advancements received little attention. In two preregistered studies (N = 2,280), we presented participants with scenarios of patients obtaining medical advice. All participants received identical information, but we manipulated the putative source of this advice (“AI”, “Human physician”, “Human + AI”). “AI” and “Human + AI”-labelled advice was evaluated as significantly less reliable and less empathetic compared to “Human”-labelled advice. Moreover, participants indicated lower willingness to follow the advice, when AI was believed to be involved in advice generation. Our findings point toward an anti-AI bias when receiving digital medical advice, even when AI is supposedly supervised by physicians. Given the tremendous potential of AI for medicine, elucidating ways to counteract this bias should be an important objective of future research.
Slides: When you Should and Shouldn’t use Mixed Models and/or Bayes Factors
Authors: Singmann Henrik
Published: February 2024

Two important statistical developments of the last years are relatively easy to use software tools for mixed-effects models and Bayes factors. Because of these tools and pressure from reviewers and editors, many researchers feel the need to incorporate these statistical techniques into their methodological arsenal. In my talk I want to provide a conceptual overview of these methods and provide some recommendation when and when not to use these tools. In short, I recommend that mixed models should only be used when they provide a clear benefit over well-established procedures such as repeated-measures ANOVA (e.g., for crossed-random effect designs or designs with partially crossed factors). I also caution against the use of so-called default Bayes factor (as implemented in e.g., JASP or the BayesFactor R package) for designs involving repeated measures.
Psychological and Linguistic Features in the Natural Language of Opioid-Using Pregnant Women
Authors: Mullen Alyson , Dykeman Cass
Published: February 2024

Opioid use and pregnancy can be used in text analysis to identify emotional states and possible mental health concerns, but there have been no corpus linguistics studies examining opioid use in the perinatal period. The present study’s purpose was to fill a gap in the research on understanding opioid use throughout the perinatal period by examining the language of opioid-using pregnant and postpartum women. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is often used to examine and evaluate words used throughout the perinatal period. In the current study, Reddit and subreddit blog posts written by pregnant and postpartum women were analyzed to explore different linguistic categories. Findings include significant differences in the use of first-person pronouns, suggesting an intensified focus on self. Broader psycholinguistic variables, such as negative emotions and male references, did not show significant differences. A discussion of the results and implications for future research and practice are included.
Protracted development of gaze behaviour
Authors: Linka Marcel , Karimpur Harun , de Haas Benjamin
Published: February 2024

How does natural gaze behaviour develop? Here, we present data from > 6,500 subjects from 5-72 years of age, freely viewing 40 natural scenes. We find that the development of scene viewing is surprisingly protracted. Semantic salience for social features continuously changes until late adolescence and text salience increases until the third decade of life. Basic oculomotor biases towards the image centre and along the horizontal meridian develop until early adulthood, matching developmental changes in visual sensitivity and cortex. Finally, while the tendency for visual exploration continuously increases, fixation patterns become less idiosyncratic and more canonical throughout adolescence. These findings show that fundamental aspects of adult gaze take decades of continuous development and push individuals towards more canonical viewing patterns. We suggest that development is key to understanding the general mechanisms of active vision.
Caregiver or Playmate? Fathers’ and mothers’ brain responses to ball-play with children
Authors: Açıl Dorukhan , Puhlmann Lara , White Lars O. , Vrticka Pascal
Published: February 2024

Parents and children often engage in joint play - a domain where mothers and fathers are thought to exhibit disparate behaviors and impact child development via distinct mechanisms. However, little is known about the neural substrates of mother-child and father-child play. In this fMRI study, we sampled brain activation of parents of pre-schoolers (N=88) during a novel event-related adaptation of the virtual ball-tossing game “Cyberball”. Mothers (N=40) and fathers (N=48) played “Cyberball” ostensibly with their own and an unrelated child, who consecutively included, excluded, and re-included parents. We found that overall, exclusion yielded comparable neural activations in mothers and fathers associated with mentalizing, saliency, and emotion-processing. We also observed a parent gender effect in several brain areas. While mothers exhibited increased reward- and attention-related activity during inclusion, fathers displayed increased mentalizing-related activity during exclusion. We also tested parents’ response to re-inclusion, which revealed a selective decrease in reward-related activity. Finally, exploratory analyses showed differences in parental brain activity as a function of child identity (own versus unrelated). Our study elucidates the common and distinct neural networks mothers and fathers engage during play interactions with their children, supporting theories that postulate only a partial differentiation of paternal and maternal parenting systems.
The impact of aphantasia on mental healthcare experiences: Quantitative results
Authors: Mawtus Bridget , Thomas Bethany Rhea , Reeder Reshanne R
Published: February 2024

Approximately 4% of the population has aphantasia, which is defined as impoverished, or absent, sensory mental imagery. Previous research suggests that people with aphantasia (aphants) may have a higher prevalence of mental health conditions and neurodivergence compared to the general population, but aphantasia presents a special challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Many mental health conditions are currently characterized by imagery-related symptomology (such as sensory flashbacks in post-traumatic stress disorder or negative body image in eating disorders), and the dominant therapeutic treatments rely heavily on imagery techniques. Thus far, little is known about how this impacts mental healthcare experiences in individuals with aphantasia. In the current study, we used a mixed-methods (questionnaire, interview) approach to comprehensively investigate the effects of aphantasia on seeking diagnoses and treatments for mental illness. Quantitative analyses on the questionnaire data revealed that virtually all psychiatric disorders manifest with a lack of imagery-related symptomology in aphantasia compared to typical imagery controls; aphants report “lack of awareness or understanding of aphantasia” as a common factor in missed- or misdiagnosis by mental health professionals, although the prevalence of missed and misdiagnoses are no different from typical imagery controls; and aphants are very likely to report that therapies involving mental imagery, especially visual imagery in CBT, are ineffective in their mental health treatment compared to controls. Together, these quantitative results point to a widespread impact of aphantasia on diverse aspects of mental healthcare.
Attitudes toward premarital and casual sex in Canada: A secondary analysis of the seventh wave of the World Values Survey
Authors: Rodrigue Carl
Published: February 2024

Numerous studies have examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward premarital sex and, more recently, toward casual sex. However, no recent study has examined these associations in Canada’s general population. The present exploratory study consists of a secondary analysis of the World Values Survey’s seventh wave of data collected in 2020 from a sample of 4,018 Canadian adults. Results indicate moderately positive attitudes toward premarital sex and lower levels of approval for casual sex, on average. Religion-related variables yielded moderate to strong effect sizes, with identifying as religious, higher frequencies of religious service attendance, and greater attributed importance to religion being associated with lower levels of approval for premarital and casual sex. Small to moderate effects were found for politics-related, family-related, and ethnocultural variables. On average, participants who considered premarital and casual sex as justifiable tended to be more left-leaning, have fewer children, live together as married, have been born in Canada, identify as White, report French as the language they normally speak at home, and live in Quebec. While age and generation were weakly associated with premarital sex attitudes, they were more strongly associated with casual sex attitudes, with younger participants being somewhat more accepting of casual sex than older participants. Small gender differences were found for casual but not premarital sex attitudes. Attitudinal differences based on socioeconomic variables were overall statistically insignificant or negligible. The findings are consistent with and expand on the existing literature. They also shed light on Canada’s ethnocultural and provincial particularities.
Individual difference predictors of the Attitudes Towards Asexuality scale
Authors: Rye B.J. , Goldszmidt Rebecca
Published: February 2024

While predictors of attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, as well as bisexuals and trans individuals, have been investigated relatively thoroughly, attitudes toward asexuality are a recently emerging field. The current study investigates predictors of attitudes toward asexuality, operationally defined using the Attitudes Towards Asexuality (ATA) scale created by Hoffarth and colleagues in 2016 . Predictors included authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, intergroup disgust sensitivity, sexism, erotophobia–erotophilia, sociosexuality, motivation to respond without prejudice, singlism, and demographic characteristics of the perceiver. Response to the ATA indicated positivity toward asexuality, with the majority of participants expressing disagreement with the negative statements about asexuality. Many of the individual difference variables correlated moderately with the ATA. Multiple regression analyses indicated that significant predictors of the ATA included right-wing authoritarianism, internal motivation to respond without prejudice, intergroup disgust sensitivity, benevolent sexism, participant sexual orientation, and religiosity. Together, these six predictors accounted for half of the variance in the ATA. The findings of this study suggest that attitudes toward asexuality are similarly predicted by those individual difference variables that predict attitudes toward gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transpersons.
Prevalence rates and identification of nonconsensual sexual experiences among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada
Authors: McKie Raymond M. , Reissing Elke D.
Published: February 2024

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have been identified as a population at higher risk of experiencing non-consensual sexual experiences (NSEs). However, previous research studies examining the prevalence of NSEs in this population have been limited by inconsistent terminology and a lack of research on the topic. The main focus of this study was to compare the effectiveness of using self-labels versus behavioural indicators to measure the prevalence of NSEs experienced in adulthood in GBMSM and contribute to more accurate prevalence rates in the Canadian context. A total of 346 participants were recruited from various social media platforms in Canada. The study used a two-part question that asked participants if they had ever been sexually assaulted or raped, followed by a question about other nonconsensual sexual experiences. The study also used a formal behavioural measure, the Sexual Experiences Survey, to assess the prevalence of NSEs. The results indicated that a two-part question and the formal measure reported similar prevalence rates of NSEs—64.5% and 66.8% respectively. Overall prevalence of NSEs was very high in this sample, and people of colour and trans men reported even higher rates. Depending on the context, the parsimonious choice of questioning persons on the NSE history may be valid, however, only if applied in the context of asking for rape and assault as well as other NSEs that may not be captured by these definitions. The study highlights the importance of using consistent terminology and effective measurement methods when studying the prevalence of NSEs in GBMSM. These findings may have important implications for developing interventions and for obtaining more accurate prevalence rates in a variety of settings without having to use a longer, more formalized measure.
The Indian Act(ing): Proximate Perversions in Genet's The Blacks and Floyd Favel Starr's Lady of Silences (1993, 2003)
Authors: Appleford Rob
Published: February 2024

Jouée en 1993 et publiée en 2003, l’adaptation du dramaturge cri Floyd Favel Starr des Négres de Genet, intitulée Lady of Silences, est dotée d’une généalogie curieuse, vexée sur le plan idéologique, tant dans son évolution (de l’adaptation à l’état publié, en passant par le texte manuscrit de la représentation) que dans sa représentation du stéréotype autochtone. En effet, le texte publié par Favel Starr revoit de façon importante la pièce de Genet ainsi que sa première adaptation, créant une parodie inquiétante de la performativité autochtone. Appleford fait valoir que la version manuscrite et la version publiée Du Lady of Silences sont toutes deux des per-versions, le préfixe «per» signifiant, en anglais, «tout à fait, entièrement» et «au loin tout à fait, jusqu’à la déstruction» (OED). Il montre comment les deux «versions» de la pièce de Genet produites par Favel Starr exposent l’échaffaudage idéologique de l’oeuvre de Genet et poussent plus loin la «version» du désir du voyeur produite par Genet pour atteindre des extrêmes troublants.
Marie Clements's The Unnatural and Accidental Women: "Denaturalizing" Genre
Authors: Gilbert Reid
Published: February 2024

Cet article décrit brièvement la notion provisoire de l’auteur sur la «sheer theatre» et l’applique à une pièce de Marie Clements sur le meurtre en série de femmes autochtones, intitulée The Unnatural and Accidental Women. En montrant comment la pièce se sert d’éléments textuels non verbaux (mouvement, effets sonores, éclairages et projection d’images), Gilbert propose une série de graphèmes physiques et examine comment l’«écriture» «immatérielle» peut servir à dénaturaliser la reception. Un tel déraillement de la réaction prévue au genre conventionnel sert à traumatiser la réception, à établir des liens entre les déchirures opérées au tissu de la représentation et les vies brisées des personnages désenchantés de la pièce. Il incite également les spectateurs à «lire» le récit des personnages à travers le filtre de leur propre expérience, de sorte à produire une réponse essentiellement théâtrale pouvant mener à une évolution sur le plan social.
Catachresis in Antonnie Maillet's La Sagouine and the Luis de Céspedes Translation
Authors: Reid Gregory J. , Famula Christine
Published: February 2024

Cet article examine l’utilisation de la catachrèse dans La Sagouine d’Antonine Maillet et dans la version anglaise de Luis de Céspedes.Cette étude comparative du texte original et de la traduction démontre que la catachrèse y est le trope définitif des monologues dela Sagouine, un dérivé important du processus de traduction, et unindice significatif de la grande popularité de la pièce, qui persistemalgré sa spécificité culturelle et linguistique.
Pertenencia y estrategias de mujeres yaquis en su ingreso a la educación superior
Authors: Cervantes Murrieta Jesús Antonio , García Rivera Edna Lucía
Published: February 2024

El artículo analiza las experiencias de mujeres yaquis en su acceso e ingreso al primer año universitario, en particular en los casos que implicaron la movilidad temporal de su comunidad a una urbe. Se identifican las tensiones propiciadas por su pertenencia (Saraví, 2021) y la consolidación de estrategias durante este tramo de su trayectoria educativa (Santamaría, 2016; Bourdieu, 2001). Como marco de análisis, se recurre a la interseccionalidad (Hill y Bilge, 2019), pues con ello es posible rastrear las circunstancias que las mujeres indígenas enfrentaron en espacios donde representaron una forma de alteridad. Para su realización, se retomaron técnicas etnográficas basadas en tres entrevistas en profundidad y conversaciones informales con mujeres yaquis profesionistas de distintos pueblos. Como hallazgo, se plantea que la pertenencia, y sobre todo la pertenencia étnica, genera tensiones en espacios donde representan la otredad, pero que también les permite irrumpir en procesos homogéneos y de exclusión a partir de estrategias que dan muestra de la potencia, la fuerza y la persistencia que caracteriza a las mujeres yaquis. Como conclusión, se propone llevar a cabo más estudios desde la interseccionalidad para comprender, con base en una visión multidimensional, las trayectorias universitarias de las mujeres indígenas.
New human capital theory from the perspective of time allocation: Evolution and prospects
Authors: Tian Xueying , Tóth Arnold
Published: February 2024

In the modern economic system, where the service sector has significantly increased in importance, the accumulation of human capital no longer relies solely on traditional factors such as education, training and healthcare, but increasingly depends on informal education, particularly learning activities during leisure time. Driven by the amalgamation of personality economics and neuroeconomics, a novel theory of human capital has surfaced, which emphasizes the acquisition of cognitive and noncognitive abilities through informal learning activities such as hobbies and social engagements. Utilizing the time allocation theory as a foundation, this study investigates the role of leisure time in bolstering human capital. The paper spotlights the ‘Learning by Doing’ and ‘Learning by Playing’ phenomena, which are instrumental in enhancing practical abilities and creativity. The study offers a critical examination of how human capital theory has evolved, particularly regarding the influence of leisure on skill development. This study also highlights the crucial importance of learning during leisure as a contributing factor to economic growth and positions it as a vital pathway for future human capital accumulation. Moreover, it proposes new avenues of research to deepen the understanding of human capital and leisure economy theories, thereby providing valuable perspectives for the progress of society and the economy.
KEARIFAN LOKAL KABUPATEN BANJAR ‘BATIMUNG’ DAN KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN DUNIA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Maulida Sabrina , Karimah Rachmatul , Fatmawati Nurlina
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini mendalami konsep kearifan lokal di Kabupaten Banjar yang dikenal sebagai 'Batimung' dan menjelajahi keterkaitannya dengan dunia pendidikan. Melibatkan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali nilai-nilai, norma, dan tradisi dalam kearifan lokal 'Batimung' serta menganalisis bagaimana aspek-aspek ini dapat diintegrasikan dalam konteks pendidikan. Melalui wawancara mendalam dan analisis dokumentasi, penelitian ini menyoroti potensi kearifan lokal sebagai sumber daya pembelajaran yang dapat memperkaya kurikulum dan pengalaman pendidikan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pengembangan strategi pendidikan yang lebih berbasis budaya dan memperkuat identitas lokal di Kabupaten Banjar.