bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matalan kynnyksen kohtaamispaikkojen sijainti ja saatavuus Helsingin kaupunginosissa
Authors: Seppälä Tuija , Grönlund Henrietta , Kemppainen Teemu
Published: June 2020

Tarkastelemme tässä tutkimuksessa eri toimijoiden ylläpitämiä matalan kynnyksen kohtaamispaikkoja, joita pidetään osallisuustyön keskeisinä areenoina. Tutkimuksemme tehtävänä on kartoittaa Helsingissä toimivat kohtaamispaikat ja tarkastella niiden sijaintia ja saatavuutta kaupunginosatasolla sosioekonomisen huono-osaisuuden näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu kaupunginosia koskevasta tilastotiedosta, kohtaamispaikkojen osoitetiedoista sekä kohtaamispaikoille suunnatusta kyselystä. Kuvailevien analyysien mukaan kohtaamispaikat sijaitsevat useammin sosioekonomisesti huono-osaisemmilla alueilla. Toisaalta palveluiden määrä suhteessa sosioekonomisesti huono-osaisten määrään on näillä alueilla kaikkein pienin. Kohtaamispaikkojen sijaintia selittäviä tekijöitä tarkastelimme Poisson-regressioanalyysin avulla. Täydessä mallissa vakioimme ikääntyvän väestön osuuden ja selittävinä tekijöinä tarkastelimme sosioekonomista huono-osaisuutta, asukasmäärää, kulkuyhteyksiä sekä hintatasoa. Tulostemme mukaan kohtaamispaikkojen määrä kasvaa sosioekonomisen huono-osaisuuden, väkimäärän mutta myös hintatason myötä.
Henkilöstön luottamus organisaatioon ja johtajiin sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujen organisaatiomuutoksessa
Authors: Zitting Joakim , Hietapakka Laura , Laulainen Sanna , Niiranen Vuokko , Sinervo Timo
Published: June 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan luottamusta kontekstina laaja organisaatiomuutos, jossa usean kunnan sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelut yhdistettiin kuntayhtymäksi. Haastatteluaineisto kerättiin eri tasojen johtajilta sekä työntekijöiltä eri toimialoilta ja analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä. Johtajiin sekä organisaatioon kohdistuneen luottamuksen muutosta tarkasteltiin luotettavuuden osatekijöillä, jotka vaikuttavat luottamuksen syntyyn. Luottamus sujuvoittaa yhdessä työskentelyä, edistää työtyytyväisyyttä ja edesauttaa organisaatiomuutoksen onnistumista, joten organisaatioissa kannattaa kiinnittää siihen huomiota. Muutokset johtamis- ja organisaatiorakenteessa, toimintakulttuurissa sekä osallisuuden kokemuksissa heikensivät johtajien ja uuden organisaation kokemista luotettavana. Muun muassa kuntayhtymän kehittämisen terveydenhoitokeskeisyys vaikutti tähän. Vastaavanlaisissa muutoksissa kannattaa kiinnittää enemmän huomiota muutosviestintään, työntekijöiden ja johtajien tukemiseen sekä työntekijöiden ja eri johtotasojen väliseen vuorovaikutukseen.
English summaries
Authors: Kataja Kati
Published: June 2020

Article summaries in English
FAIRCLOUGH’S CDA IN THE ACRONYM OF REGONAL NAMES IN BANYUMAS REGENCY
Authors: Purwandari Gigih Ariastuti , Sari Rosdiana Puspita
Published: June 2020

This research aims to describe the meaning of acronyms of Regional names in Banyumas regency and the background of its making. This research uses Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis approach. The collecting data technique is taken by interviewing Alan Asprilla (as the acronym video maker) directly and continued by making transcription of the video. The results of the research show that there are three levels of analysis. First, micro analysis shows pronoun “aku” and “kamu” and several dictions. Second, meso analysis shows that Alan’s purpose in making the acronym are to entertain the audience and also to introduce Banyumas to the society widely. Third, maco analysis shows that the relationship between Alan and audience is equal.
PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PRONUNCIATION
Authors: Khoirida Aina
Published: June 2020

The studies that look at pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the teaching of pronunciation which is still relatively under-researched in the literature. Previous research on pronunciation commonly gave more attention to the designs to conduct the teaching pronunciation in the classroom, like the methods and the materials. In connection to that, this meant it is leading to what should be taught and how in pronunciation L2 class. This study aimed to look at the pre-service English teachers’ perceptions and understanding they are covered about concerning pronunciation teaching. The data for this study was collected through questionnaires with 18 pre-service English teachers from the English Education Department in a public university in Surakarta and interviews with three of them. The findings bring about questions for practice, teachers training, and professional improvement of the participants. The results add to the discussion about the background of the teachers’ knowledge related to pronunciation teaching. The issues raised also underline the need for more research in several areas, especially attitude toward pronunciation.
CHILDREN’S RESPONSE TO THE UTTERANCES OF THEIR PARENTS’ NEGATION: COMMUNITIES IN KARTASURA
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: June 2020

The act of obeying parents' right to control them or refusing the directives by challenging their parents’ authority are two preferences children may opt for. This present investigation concerns to what extend children respond upon hearing negative utterances aimed for them. This qualitative research applies a theory of speech acts proposed by Austin (1962) to analyze data classified as negation utterances. Four families living at the Kartasura become this research data source. To collect the data, the researcher implements direct observation by recording audio and taking notes on the parents and their children's interaction within a period of approximately an hour. The result of the study implies that mostly Kartasura children do what their parents tell them to do, while few data indicate children's refusal of parents’ negations. One reason is due to the cultural value held tightly and bequeathed by Javanese through a number of centuries that is the act to honor and obey parents’ directives. To sum up, the implementation of negative utterances in the parenting world is not prohibited; however, parents must keep in mind the use of proper portion.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal drug Delivery in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Kalra Naresh , Jeyabalan G.
Published: June 2020

Drug delivery systems are defined as formulations aim for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using Niosomes as a drug delivery system for Cisplatin By entrapment of drug in Niosomes, dose also could be reduced. Niosomes were prepared by Ethanol injection method using cholesterol and Surfactant. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies were performed. The targeted niosome delivery system is composed of drug, surfactant and cholesterol. With regard to the influence of formulation variables on the percent drug loading (PDL), different compositions with varying ratios of surfactant and cholesterol were studied. In –Vitro drug release mechanism was studied for 24 hours.
An Agent-Based Simulation of How Promotion Biases Impact Corporate Gender Diversity
Authors: ZHANG CHIBIN , Gaudiano Paolo
Published: June 2020

Diversity & Inclusion (D&I) is a topic of increasing relevance across virtually all sectors of our society, with the potential for significant impact on corporations and more broadly on our economy and our society. In spite of the fact that human capital is typically the most valuable asset of every organization, Human Resources (HR) in general and D&I, in particular, are dominated by qualitative approaches. We introduce an agent-based simulation that can quantify the impact of certain aspects of D&I on corporate performance. We show that the simulation provides a parsimonious and compelling explanation of the impact of hiring and promotion biases on the resulting corporate gender balance. We show that varying just two parameters enables us to replicate real-world data about gender imbalances across multiple industry sectors. In addition, we show that the simulation can be used to predict the likely impact of different D&I interventions. Specifically, we show that once a company has become imbalanced, even removing all promotion biases is not sufficient to rectify the situation, and that it can take decades to undo the imbalances initially created by these biases. These and other results demonstrate that agent-based simulation is a powerful approach for managing D&I in corporate settings, and suggest that it has the potential to become an invaluable tool for both strategic and tactical management of human capital.
Agency operating within structures: a qualitative exploration of agency amongst children living in Palestine
Authors: Cavazzoni Federica , Sousa Cindy , Fiorini Alec , Veronese Guido
Published: June 2020

Over the last two decades the concept of agency has played a pivotal role in childhood studies, bringing a radical shift into the old views of children and childhood development. However, little agreement has been reached on what exactly agency means, how it should be measured, especially amongst children affected by military violence and oppression. Based on drawings and walk-along interviews with 70 children from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the present study provides an analysis of children’s agency across the multiple settings in which they live. Our findings highlight the dynamic interconnections between the children’s agentic practices (the employment of social capital; challenging movement restrictions; receiving an education; personal strategies; reclaiming play-areas; meaning-making process and political agency) and the multiple ecologies implied in promoting - or suppressing - their opportunity to act and cope with their surroundings. Our research challenges the dominant picture of children exposed to political violence as helpless victim, portraying them as active agents who mobilize resources both within themselves and throughout their social, physical, and political world. The study suggests implications for practices when designing intervention for children in contexts of chronic political violence.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN PADA LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DI RESTORAN PIZZA E-BIRRA
Authors: Wijayanti Cynthia Anna
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence and relationship of Service Quality, Brand Loyalty and Customer’s Satisfaction as an intervening variable. The subject of the research is Indonesian-based local restaurant Pizza E-Birra under the management of Ismaya Group. The research is based on quantitative research with non-probability purposive sampling as the sampling technique and the data will be analysed using SEM Structural Equation Model with Smart PLS 3.0 as analysis tool.The research is using 5 dimensions of Service Quality, which are Physical Evidence (Tangible), Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness and Assurance as the independent variable and its impact toward Brand Loyalty as dependent variable and also measuring the Customer Satisfaction as an intervening variable. The result show that all the hypotheses are accepted and some managerial implications needs to be done for management of Pizza E-Birra to improve their Service Quality which leads to their customer satisfaction overall for the dining experience hence will increase the level of brand loyalty among its patronage in the future ultimately.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kualitas Layanan (Service Quality) yang mempengaruhi Loyalitas Merek (Brand Loyalty) secara langsung dan pengaruhnya jika dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan (Customer’s Satisfaction). Subyek penelitian ini adalah restoran lokal Indonesia Pizza E-Birra dibawah kepemilikan manajemen grup Ismaya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel Non-Probability Purposive Sampling dan data kuesioner akan dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan bantuan program SmartPls.. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 dimensi dari Kualitas Layanan (Service Quality) yaitu : Physical Evidence (Tangible), Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness dan Assurance, serta faktor Kepuasan Pelanggan (Customer’s Satisfaction) sebagai variabel mediasi, semuanya akan diteliti secara simultan untuk membuktikan ada atau tidaknya pengaruh variabel bebas dan mediasi tersebut  dalam mempengaruhi Loyalitas Merek (Brand Loyalty) pada restoran Pizza E Birra. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ketiga hipotesa yang diajukan didukung, artinya Kualitas Layanan berpengaruh positif terhadap Loyalitas Merek, Kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan dan yang terakhir Kualitas layanan berpengaruh pada loyalitas merek dengan mediasi kepuasan, dengan beberapa masukan kepada management Pizza E-Birra , untuk lebih memperbaiki tingkat kualitas layanan, yang berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan yang akhirnya akan mempengaruhi tingkat loyalitas merek atas restoran Pizza E-Birra.
Pemikiran Filosofis dan Teori Kontemporer Tentang Pendidikan
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Filsafat telah ada sejak manusia itu ada . Filsafat berasal dari bahasaYunani, taitu philos yang artinya cinta dan Sophia yang artinya kebijaksanaan ataukebenaran. Jadi, filsafat artinya cinta akan kebijaksanaan atau kebenaran. Filsafat berarti pulapendirian hidup atau pandangan hidup. Secara ilmiah definisi filsafat yaitu usaha berpikirradikal dan hasil yang diperoleh dari menggambarkan dan menyatakan suatu pandangan yangmenyeluruh secara sistematis tentang alam semesta serta tempat dilahirkannya manusia.Filsafat mencakup keseluruhan pengetahuan manusia, filsafat merupakan sumber ide palingdalam bagi segala macam ilmu pengetahuan, sehingga filsafat disebut juga indukpengetahuan
Kurikulum dalam Paradigma Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Pendidikan merupakan persoalan yang kompleks, menyangkut semuakomponen yang terkandung di dalamnya. Pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikanyang berdasarkan Alqur’an dan As- sunnah selain mempunyai tujuan keilmuan,Pendidikan Islam juga mempunyai tujuan menjadikan manusia sebagai khalifahyang dapat menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut,maka diperlukan adanya suatu program yang terencana yang dapat mengantarproses pendidikan sampai pada tujuan yang diinginkan. Proses belajar mengajar,pelaksanaannya, sampai penilaian, dalam pendidikan lebih dikenal denganistilah kurikulum pendidikan.
Kajian Literatur Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA dan Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Buku adalah jendela dunia. Kunci untuk membukanya adalah membaca. Ungkapan inisecara jelas menggambarkan manfaat membaca, yakni membuka, memperluas wawasandan pengetahuan seseorang, agar bisa mengetahui lebih tentang dunia yang belumdiketahui sebelumnya. Kegiatan tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja, anak-anak,remaja, dewasa, maupun orang-orang yang telah berusia lanjut. Budaya membaca adalahkunci dari kemajuan sebuah bangsa. Kemampuan literasi baca dan tulis adalah syaratutama untuk membangun peradaban karena kemampuan literasi adalah kunci dari ilmupengetahuan
Menciptakan Sekolah Berkarakter
Authors: Mubin Fatkhul
Published: June 2020

Indonesia belum mempunyai pendidikan karakter yang efektif untukmenjadikan bangsa Indonesia yang berkarakter (tercermin dari tingkah lakunya).Padahal ada beberapa mata pelajaran yangberisikan tentang pesan-pesan moral,misalnya pelajaran agama, kewarganegaraan, dan pancasila. Namun prosespembelajaran yang dilakukan adalah dengan pendekatan penghafalan (kognitif).Para siswa diharapkan dapat menguasai materi yang keberhasilannya diukurhanya dengan kemampuan anak menjawab soal ujian (terutama dengan pilihanberganda). Karena orientasinya hanyalah semata-mata hanya untuk memperolehnilai bagus, maka bagaimana mata pelajaran dapat berdampak kepada perubahanperilaku, tidak pernah diperhatikan. Sehingga apa yang terjadi adalah kesenjanganantara pengetahuan moral (cognition) dan perilaku (action). Semua orang pastimengetahui bahwa berbohong dan korupsi itu salah dan melanggar ketentuanagama, tetapi banyak sekali orang yang tetap melakukannya.
الدوافع والشخصية
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

ما الذي يدفعنا؟ النجاح أم الشهرة أم الأسرة أم الحب؟ ما هو المهم بالنسبة لك؟ ما الذي يجعلك سعيداً؟أحد باحثي الدافعية استنتج أن هناك ستة عشر حاجة وقيمة تحدد حياتنا. ولكل فرد خصوصيته هنا: كما أن لكل فرد بصمته الخاصة يوجد لكل فرد كذلك "بروفيلاً خاصاً من الدافعية". ويعد إدراك هذا البروفيل شرطاً لأن يعيش الإنسان بسعادة مع ذاته ومع الآخرين.
خفض الحساسية بحركات العين وإعادة المعالجة
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

تعد الأساليب الفعالة لعلاج الصدمات موضوع يحظى بأهمية متزايدة. ويمكننا في الوقت الراهن العثور بسرعة على ما تبحث عنه على الإنترنت، ولهذا فقد أثارت طريقة خفض الحساسية بحركات العين وإعادة المعالجة Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing والتي يرمز لها اختصاراً EMDR باهتمام المؤلفة، نظراً لتعدد التقارير التي تشير إلى أنه "علاج سريع وفعال للصدمات"، بالإضافة إلى أنهه يخفف الكثير من الشكاوى الأخرى بسرعة وفعالية وفقاً لجمعية EMDRIA.
Building Data Science Skills: Enhancing Core Capabilities and Understanding Unique Value
Authors: Butler Courtney R.
Published: June 2020

Originally presented to the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) webinar “Building Data Science Skills: Strategic Support for the Work”Recommended Citation: Butler, C. R. (2020). Building Data Science Skills: Enhancing Core Capabilities and Understanding Unique Value. Presentation to the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) webinar “Building Data Science Skills: Strategic Support for the Work”. Accessed through LIS Scholarship Archive. Available at https://doi.org/10.31229/osf.io/quw26This presentation will focus on ways to develop data science skills by building upon core capabilities such as reference and data management and by understanding the unique value that librarians bring to these types of partnerships. The emphasis will be less on technical skills and more on how to attain the conceptual knowledge necessary to support the data-driven work of our patrons. It will include several illustrative examples within topics such as data licensing and reproducibility and will discuss various resources and strategies for strengthening services.
A meta-analysis of infants' word-form recognition
Authors: Carbajal M. Julia , Peperkamp Sharon , Tsuji Sho
Published: June 2020

Recognizing word forms is an important step on infants’ way towards mastering their native language. The present study takes a meta-analytic approach to assess overarching questions on the literature of early word-form recognition. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which there is cross-linguistic evidence for an early recognition lexicon, and how it may be influenced by infant age, language background, and familiarity of the selected stimuli (approximated by parent-reported word knowledge). Our meta-analysis - with open data access on metalab.stanford.edu - was based on 32 experiments in 16 different published or unpublished studies on infants 5-15 months of age. We found an overall significant effect of word-form familiarity on infants’ responses This effect increased with age and was higher for infants learning Romance languages than other languages. We further found that younger, but not older, infants showed higher effect sizes for more familiar word lists. These insights should help researchers plan future studies on word-form recognition.
The Extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD): Development and Applications of a Crowd-Sourced Approach to Extracting Moral Intuitions from Text
Authors: Hopp Frederic R. , Fisher Jacob T. , Cornell Devin , Huskey Richard , Weber René
Published: June 2020

Moral intuitions are a central motivator in human behavior. Recent work highlights the importance of moral intuitions for understanding a wide range of issues ranging from online radicalization to vaccine hesitancy. Extracting and analyzing moral content in messages, narratives, and other forms of public discourse is a critical step toward understanding how the psychological influence of moral judgments unfolds at a global scale. Extant approaches for extracting moral content are limited in their ability to capture the intuitive nature of moral sensibilities, constraining their usefulness for understanding and predicting human moral behavior. Here we introduce the extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD), a dictionary-based tool for extracting moral content from textual corpora. The eMFD, unlike previous methods, is constructed from text annotations generated by a large sample of human coders. We demonstrate that the eMFD outperforms existing approaches in a variety of domains. We anticipate that the eMFD will contribute to advance the study of moral intuitions and their influence on social, psychological, and communicative processes.
Reward rapidly enhances visual perception
Authors: Cheng Phillip , Rich Anina N. , Le Pelley Mike
Published: June 2020

Rewards exert a deep influence on our cognition and behaviour. Here, we used a paradigm in which reward information was provided at either encoding or retrieval of a brief, masked stimulus to show that reward can also rapidly modulate early neural processing of visual information, prior to consciousness. Experiment 1 showed enhanced response accuracy when a to-be-encoded grating signalled high reward relative to low reward, but only when the grating was presented very briefly and participants were not consciously aware of it. Experiment 2 showed no difference in response accuracy when reward information was instead provided at the stage of retrieval, ruling out an explanation of the reward-modulation effect in terms of differences in motivated retrieval. Taken together, our findings provide the first behavioural evidence for a rapid reward-modulation of visual perception, which does not seem to require consciousness.
Aligning Differences: Discursive Diversity and Team Performance
Authors: Lix Katharina , Goldberg Amir , Srivastava Sameer , Valentine Melissa A.
Published: June 2020

How does cognitive diversity in a group affect its performance? Prior research suggests that group cognitive diversity poses a performance tradeoff: diverse groups excel at creativity and innovation but struggle to take coordinated action. Building on the insight that group cognition is not static but is instead dynamically and interactively produced, we introduce the construct of discursive diversity, a manifestation of group cognitive diversity, which reflects the degree to which the meanings conveyed by group members in a given set of interactions diverge from one another. We propose that high-performing teams are ones that have a collective capacity to modulate shared cognition to match changing task requirements: they exhibit higher discursive diversity when engaged in ideational tasks and lower discursive diversity when performing coordination tasks. We further argue that teams exhibiting congruent modulation---that is, those with low group-level variance in members' within-person semantic shifts to changing task requirements---are more likely to experience success than teams characterized by incongruent modulation. Using the tools of computational linguistics to derive a measure of discursive diversity and drawing on a novel longitudinal data set of intragroup electronic communications and performance outcomes for 117 remote software development teams on an online platform (www.gigster.com), we find support for our theory. Our findings suggest that the performance tradeoff of group cognitive diversity is not inescapable: groups can navigate it by aligning their levels of discursive diversity to match their task requirements and by having members stay aligned with one another as they make these adjustments.
Aportes para una historia del Constitucionalismo Social en Colombia: la reforma Liberal de 1936
Authors: Restrepo-Zapata Juan-David
Published: June 2020

La reforma a la Constitución colombiana de 1936, introdujo a la legislación una serie de disposiciones de carácter socializante y modernizador, que permitió la transformación de un Estado que aparentaba estar anclado a las disposiciones conservadoras. Sin embargo, estas reformas se encuadraban en un movimiento político de carácter occidental, que propugnaba por un Constitucionalismo Social, que virara hacia tendencias socialdemócratas. Este artículo, se pregunta por variables tales como los derechos sociales, la modernización y la intervención estatal desde los discursos presidenciales y legislativos, que se dieron en el marco de las reformas, y además indaga por su carácter universal, cosa que alejaría las visiones exclusivamente nacionales que se le ha dado al tema. Sobre ellas realiza un contraste que permite observar y analizar la profundidad del debate que vivió el país durante los años de la “República Liberal”.
Quality of Care and Patient Safety
Authors: Lamsal Daya Ram
Published: June 2020

Not available.
Factors affecting male infertility
Authors: Pant P. Raj
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Infertility is commonly defined as the failure of conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. 1 Accurate assessment of the prevalence of infertility has always been difficult because of the large scale population based studies. 2 Male factor is the only cause of infertility in about 20 % of infertile couples, but it may be a contributing factor in as many as 30 % to 40 % of cases.3 Factors like diabetes, bronchiectasis, high grade fever, long term medication, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted infection, epididymitis, testicular injury, un-descended testis, mumps, orchitis, excessive alcohol, smoking, exposure to heat and certain chemicals effect in the spermatogenesis. Impotence or erectile dysfunction remains one of the important contributors in the male infertility. Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study conducted during the health camps in Sindhupalchowk, Manang, Baitedi, Rauthat and Darchula districts of the Nepal. The objective of the study is to find out the factors contributing to male infertility. Couples who were unable to conceive after regular, unprotected coitus of at least one year were included in the study. Detail history, clinical examination and semen analysis was done. Results: There was limited facility of investigation and treatment of infertility in the health camps. The diagnosis was based only on history, examination and semen analysis. Various factors like mumps, chemical exposure like men working in carpet factory, testicular trauma and smoking were found as contributing factor of male infertility in these districts. Conclusions: Testicular trauma, mumps, smoking is common in all the districts. Exposure to chemicals such as dyes, used in carpet factories seems to be responsible for infertility in some men of Sindhupalchowk and Darchula. Keywords: Azospermia; male infertility; oligospermia. DOI: 10.3126/joim.v31i3.2972 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2009; 31(3) 10-12
Management of adhesive intestinal obstruction
Authors: Niyaf A , Bhandari RS , Singh KP
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is an inevitable complication of abdominal surgeries. It has high morbidity with associated poor quality of life and predisposition to repeated hospitalization. Commonest cause of bowel obstruction in developed countries is postoperative adhesions with extrinsic compression of the intestine. Most of them can be managed conservatively. Methods: A retrospective study of 30 patients admitted with the diagnosis of post operative adhesive partial bowel obstruction was conducted by analyzing their medical records. Demographic data, clinical presentation including duration, previous surgical procedures, treatments received for the condition and successful conservative approach versus requirement of operative intervention were assessed. Results: The median age was 31 yrs, most in their third decade of life. Male predominance was noted. Pelvic surgeries and gynecological surgeries (26%) were found to be the most common cause of adhesive bowel obstruction followed by appendectomy (16%). More than two third of the patients (76.7%) developed symptoms within two years of the initial surgery. Successful conservative treatment was noted in 22 patients (73.3%) and discharged on fourth day of admission. Eight patients (26.6%) underwent surgery. They all underwent adhesiolysis and had good outcome. Conclusions: The time-honored practice of expectant management of adhesive partial bowel obstruction has equally good outcome, as compared to various interventions practiced Keywords: Adhesive bowel obstruction; conservative management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4939 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 18-20
Post dural puncture headache
Authors: Singh J , Ranjit S , Shrestha S , Limbu T , Marahatta SB
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Post dural puncture headache occurs as the cerebrospinal fluid leaks out from the breach that the needle has made in the dura. The incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is a common complication after spinal anesthesia. The objective of our study is to find out incidence of PDPH in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia in Dhulikhel Hospital. Methods: 120 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia were selected for the study. Questionnaire was used to assess the post dural puncture headache 24 hours after surgery. Headache, if present in frontal or occipital areas which increased when sitting or situational movement and relieves by lying in flat position were considered as PDPH. Results: PDPH was observed in 25% of the patients. The incidence of PDPH is 30% and 70% in male and female respectively. It was 2.33 times more in age group 18-30- years than 31-45 years. Conclusions: The incidence of PDPH was high in female and age group 18-30 years. The incidence of PDPH is high when the bevel is transverse to the dural fibers. Keywords: Bevel direction; incidence; post-dural puncture headache; spinal anesthesia   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4942 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 30-32
Study of thyroid volume by ultrasonography in clinically euthyroid patients
Authors: Kayastha P , Paudel S , Shrestha DM , Ghimire RJ , Pradhan S
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges of total thyroid volume among clinically euthyroid Nepalese population using Ultrasonography and correlate this volume with age, sex, individual’s built and geographic location. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 485 clinically euthyroid individuals. B - mode Ultrasonography was used to measure the total thyroid volume by combining the volume of both the lobes obtained by using formula for prolate ellipsoid. Age specific reference values for thyroid volume were obtained and Pearson correlation test was used to see the relationship with various factors. Results: Among 485 individuals between 1 to 83 years of age, 221(45.57%) were males and 264(54.43%) were females. Maximum [354 individuals (72.99%)] were from hilly region and minimum [16 individual (3.30%)] were from Himalayan region. Mean thyroid volume was 6.629 ± 2.5025 ml. In general, thyroid volume was found to be more in older individuals than in young age group. There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between males and females. Thyroid volume best correlated with body surface area (r=0.444, p<0.0001). The volume had a positive correlation with weight (r=0.443, p<0.0001), body mass index (r=0.371, p<0.0001) and height (r=0.320, p<0.0001) of the individual. Conclusions: This study estimated the reference range of total thyroid volume for Nepalese population. These ranges are significantly lower than the WHO/ICCIDD thyroid volume references and reference values obtained in various other countries. Total thyroid volume best correlated with Body surface area. Keywords: Body surface area; clinically euthyroid; total thyroid volume; ultrasonography DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4944 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 36-43
Yellowish discoloration of teeth and nails during oral iron therapy in a pregnant woman
Authors: Pai R , Palaian S , Alam K , Prabhu S , Prabhu M , Mishra P
Published: June 2020

A 27 year old pregnant woman was prescribed conventional oral iron tablets from second trimester of pregnancy. She developed gastrointestinal symptoms within 1-2 days. Following these symptoms, Iron tablets were stopped and the patient was started with iron capsule. The patient tolerated this preparation well and after 6 months she developed yellowish discoloration of the teeth and nails. Iron treatment was suspected for the discolorations and the drug was stopped. Upon stopping the therapy the discoloration vanished and teeth and nails returned to the pre treatment condition. The causality assessment and the severity assessments were carried out as per the Naranjo and Hartwig scales respectively. Since Iron treatment during pregnancy is common, this adverse drug reaction warrants monitoring. Keywords: Iron; nail discoloration; pregnancy; teeth discoloration DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4945 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 44-46
Second Intervention in Obstetric Hemorrhage
Authors: Rawal S , Rana A
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Obstetric hemorrhage is still one of the dreaded complications that contribute to a maximum number of maternal morbidity and mortality till date. The management of obstetric hemorrhage involves early recognition, assessment and resuscitation. Though dealt with appropriate use of oxytocic agents, it may seldom require surgical techniques, including uterine tamponade, major vessel ligation, compression sutures, and even hysterectomy. Method: Prospective study of 20 cases of laparotomy for obstetrical hemorrhage carried out at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, between Jan 2003 to Nov 2011. Results: Out of 20 cases, massive hemoperitoneum (more than a liter) was noted in 9 and associated risk factors in 10. Source of bleeding in 20 cases were from extensive hematoma (retroperitoneal and broad ligament) in 5, including a rectus sheath hematoma and with colporrhexis, oozing inverted T incision repaired in a single layer (1), placental bed (3) and 1 was from vessels in LUS. There was bleeding from uterine angle (4) and incision (1). Bleeding from tear at various sites were 3, from uterovesicle fold of peritoneum 1 and from the ruptured uterus following vacuum delivery in a case of VBAC (1). Uterine packing was done in 1, B-Lynch in 3 and 1 failed needing the uterine packing; uterine artery ligation in 2 including ovarian vessel ligation in 1, repair of ruptured uterus in 1 and subtotal hysterectomy in 5 cases. There were 3 mortalities due to DIC, pulmonary edema and ARF and rest were discharged in good health. Conclusion: Choosing of the right technique, complete hemostasis and meticulous closure of all surgical incisions will prevent the need for laparotomy following LSCS. Vigilant monitoring of all the post operative patients will lead to early diagnosis of intraperitoneal / pervaginal bleeding and its management, thus preventing morbidity and mortality owing to late diagnosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9118 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 18-24
Knowledge about Tuberculosis in outpatients who visited College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Manandhar N , Krishna G
Published: June 2020

Background: Now a days Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in the world. Number of deaths due to tuberculosis is highest among the infectious diseases. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out from May 2008 to July 2008 in the different out patient departments of College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital. A total of 500 patients belong to age > 15 years who visited various departments of College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital were randomly selected for the present study. Interview technique was used to collect information on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Out of total patient’s interview, 59% and 41% were male and female respectively. Majority of the outpatients had heard about the Tuberculosis disease. 73.3% of the respondents opinioned that T.B. can be acquired by infection. Conclusion: The study population has satisfactory knowledge about the etiology and transmission of the disease. There was poor knowledge about proper disposal of sputum which is an important aspect in regard to transmission of disease. There is need of imparting knowledge to the people about proper disposal of sputum to reduce the spread of disease and mortality due to T.B DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9120 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 33-36
Sickle cell Anemia with avascular necrosis of femur being managed as rheumatic fever
Authors: Lamsal KS
Published: June 2020

Sickle cell anemia is a rare hematological problem in Nepal and described only in the forms of case reports. This is a case report of a patient of sickle cell disease from Nawalparasi district of Nepal. The patient had history of recurrent joint pain including both large and small joints. He also had soft systolic murmur in cardiac auscultation for which he had received penicillin prophylaxis three years for clinically suspected rheumatic heart disease. He was later diagnosed to have Sickle cell anemia with avascular necrosis of right femoral head and functional murmur of severe anemia with no evidence of rheumatic heart disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i1.9121 Journal of Institute of Medicine, April, 2012; 34:1 37-39
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: how often we suspect infective endocarditis
Authors: Shrestha PN , Das A , Rayamajhi A , Mahaseth C , Shrestha UK
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease is a common problem in developing countries. Rheumatic valvular heart disease is one of the important risk factor for infective endocarditis. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted among 56 children admitted in cardiology ward of Kanti children hospital with the diagnosis of rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease during May 2008 to May 2010. Results: We found male to female ratio 2: 1, median age 12 (5-14yrs) with the most affected age group of 11-12 years. Common symptoms were fever (66%), dyspnea (68%), joint pain (50%), palpitation (30%), cough (16%) and chest pain (12%). Only 9% of patients had positive history of sore throat. Sixty percent patients were presented with features of congestive cardiac failure (CCF). A SO positive was found in 25 (44.6%) cases. The most common valvular lesion was mitral regurgitation (MR). Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation was found in 89% of cases. Tricuspid regurgitation (T R) was found in 57% of patients and aortic regurgitation (AR) in 55% of cases. Thirty-two patients (57%} had PAH in which 8 patients has severe PAH and 24 patients had mild to moderate PAH. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed in twenty patients (35.7%). Out of 20 patients 14 (70%)had vegetation in echocardiography. The mortality was 11% in this study. Conclusion: Infective endocarditis is the major complication of rheumatic heart disease among children of Nepal and so clinical suspecian is important whenever patients with rheumatic heart disease present with fever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8911 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:17-20
Spectrum of neurological disorders admitted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Maharajgunj
Authors: Gajurel BP , Parajuli P , Nepali R , Oli KK
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Neurologic disorders are very common. Data on the type and burden of neurological cases either in the outpatient and inpatient settings in our country are not available. This research has been done to perform a descriptive analysis of the spectrum of neurological cases which were admitted over a period of one fiscal year in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu Methods: This retrospective study included all patients who were admitted with any neurological complaints over a period of one fiscal year (Shrawan 2067 B.S. to Asar 2068 B.S). Results: The total number of patients admitted was 1165. Out of these, 693 cases were due to neurological disorders (59.48%). The most common disorders were stroke, seizure disorder and central nervous system infections. Conclusion: A variety of neurological disorders, from very common to very rare, were admitted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8918 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:50-53
Futsal químico
Authors: Yamaguchi Klenicy Kazumy de Lima , Silva Francisco Vieira da
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a aplicação da interdisciplinaridade e da contextualização dentro das disciplinas de Química e Educação Física, no conteúdo de eletroquímica. A atividade ocorreu em uma turma do segundo ano do ensino médio regular, em uma escola pública na cidade de Coari-Amazonas, Brasil. O método utilizado apresentou uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando cinco etapas distintas: questionário inicial, aula teórica, aula experimental, atividade lúdica interdisciplinar e questionário final. Utilizou-se a contextualização, a partir de materiais alternativos e a aplicação de um jogo denominado “Futsal das ligações químicas”, como uma ferramenta facilitadora para o ensino-aprendizagem. Por meio desta sequência metodológica, os alunos conseguiram aprender de forma significativa e prazerosa a aplicação do conteúdo de eletroquímica, e ainda puderam desenvolver a resistência física no esporte. Em acréscimo, os discentes puderam aproximar o conhecimento acerca dos conteúdos teóricos da prática, facilitando a compreensão e o entendimento da aplicação dos conteúdos de Química no cotidiano.
The health of migrants as a global peace and security agenda
Authors: Nhengu Dudziro
Published: June 2020

English abstract:
This article is a feminist theoretical examination of the nexus between migrants’ health and gender and attempts to fill the gap between existing gendered health and migration policies. Gender-specific challenges faced by female migrants include poor sexual and reproductive health rights, infant mortality, nutritional disorders, and violence. Non-communicable diseases provoke interruption of care in the absence of suitable health care systems and services. As policy makers struggle to develop suitable migration policies, the needs of women often fall through the cracks. Major findings are that migration policy design from micro to macro levels does not align with ratified international protocols on health, resulting in multiple vulnerabilities of female migrants. The study concludes that bilateral migration policy agreements should be comprehensive, binding, gender-sensitive, and participatory.

Spanish abstract:
Este es un examen teórico feminista del nexo entre salud de los migrantes y género, e intenta llenar el vacío entre las políticas existentes de salud y migración de género. Las mujeres migrantes enfrentan desafíos específicos de género incluyendo limitados derechos de salud sexual y reproductiva, mortalidad infantil, trastornos nutricionales y violencia. Las necesidades de las mujeres a menudo se quedan atrás en el desarrollo de políticas de migración adecuadas. Los principales hallazgos son que el diseño de la política de migración de los niveles micro a macro no se alinea con los protocolos internacionales de salud ratificados, resultando en múltiples vulnerabilidades de mujeres migrantes. El estudio concluye que los acuerdos de política bilateral de migración deben ser integrales, vinculantes, sensible al género y participativos.

French abstract:
Cet article théorique examine, dans une perspective féministe, les liens entre la santé des migrants et le genre et tente de combler le fossé entre les politiques migratoires et de santé. Les défi s spécifiques des femmes migrantes incluent l’accès à la santé sexuelle et reproductive, la mortalité infantile, les troubles nutritionnels et la violence. Leurs besoins sont souvent omis dans l’élaboration des politiques migratoires. Cet article montre que la conception de la politique migratoire à partir d’une échelle micro vers un niveau macro ne correspond pas aux protocoles internationaux ratifiés sur la santé, ce qui entraîne de multiples vulnérabilités des femmes migrantes. Il conclut que les accords bilatéraux en matière de migration doivent être exhaustifs, contraignants, sensibles au genre et participatifs.
Analysis of Methods for Determining Climate Loads at a Specified Territory Point by Meteorological Data
Authors: Kos Željko , Pashynskyi Viktor , Klymenko Yevhenii , Pashynskyi Mykola
Published: June 2020

Methods for determining the characteristic values of climate loads at the location of a building have been perfected. Based on comparative analysis, the method of levelling the values of climate loads with an exponential or triangular weight function is recommended. For four climate loads, appropriate equalization intervals are determined, ensuring the maximum amount of weather data taken into account, while maintaining their uniformity. In construction, the determination of the climate load is important for the location of the building. When prescribing building standards, the values of the climate load are determined according to the data of weather stations in relative proximity, which provides values within the limits of reliability. Such an approach can lead to an overestimation of the characteristic values of climate loads and consequently increase the consumption of the construction materials of the building or, in the opposite case, decrease the unnecessarily high-energy consumption to condition the space inside the building.
Prediction of Effective Elasticity Coefficients of Composite Biofuel
Authors: Klymenko Vasyl , Kravchenko Volodymyr , Gutsul Vasyl , Kravchenko Viktoriya , Bratishko Viacheslav
Published: June 2020

It is suggested that fuel pellets made of composites based on solid plant waste should be considered as stochastic systems that are anisotropic in microvolumes but isotropic in the entire structure, i.e. quasi-isotropic in volume. Based on this hypothesis and the analysis of the known micromechanical models for forecasting physical and mechanical constants of composite materials, the expediency of using the Reuss-Voigt and Hashin-Strickman models to determine the effective elastic coefficients of composite biofuels is substantiated. The results of calculations made on these models for a number of two-component biofuel pellets are given. An experimental evaluation of effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for two-component pellets with "straw + brown coal" composition was carried out. The obtained results of experimentally determined values of coefficients satisfactorily correspond to their calculated values: deviations are up to 26%. The Reuss-Voigt model was used in the calculations because the conditions required for the application of the Hashin-Strickman model are not met for composite pellets consisting of straw and brown coal. The results of the study will be useful in calculating or selecting press equipment for the production of quality fuel pellets from composites based on solid plant waste.