bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procedural justice and legal socialization among juvenile offenders: The role of defense attorneys
Authors: Shook Jeffrey J. , Goodkind Sara , Kolivoski Karen M. , Ballentine Kess L.
Published: June 2021

Research is increasingly focusing on how young people interpret their experiences with the legal system and whether and how this shapes attitudes and beliefs about the system. This study adds to the extant literature by examining the relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and attitudes toward the law and legal system for a sample of youth (N = 227) in residential placements. Specifically, it focuses on how youths’ perceptions of their defense attorneys shape their attitudes toward the legal system. Results demonstrate that youth who feel they were treated more fairly by their defense attorneys viewed the police and courts as more legitimate. White youth viewed the police as more legitimate than did youth of color and girls viewed courts as less legitimate than did boys. Attitudes toward the legal system were also related to other contextual characteristics.
When I say psychological debriefing
Authors: Teodorczuk Andrew , Kelly Brian , Carney Stuart
Published: June 2021

Critically analyzing the term ‘psychological debriefing’ and its evidence base yields caution against widespread adoption in medical education practice
A daily dose of fish oil increased the omega‐3 index in older adults and reduced their heart rate during a walking activity: A pilot study
Authors: Anthony Ryan , Brown Marc A. , Walton Karen L. , McLennan Peter L. , Peoples Gregory E.
Published: June 2021

This pilot study sought to determine whether a low, supplemental intake of fish oil would raise the Omega‐3 Index (O3I) and improve physical fitness in healthy older adults. Participants (70 ± 3 years) were randomised to 2 g/day of either sunola oil (control; n = 8, 62.5% female) (1700 mg/day oleic acid) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐rich fish oil (FO; n = 9, 55.6% female) [delivering 560 mg/day DHA and 140 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] for 16 weeks. The O3I, physical fitness, 400 m walking speed and heart rate (HR) parameters were assessed. O3I was increased after FO (mean ± SD, control: pre 6.1 ± 0.8, post 5.9 ± 0.6; FO: pre 6.0 ± 0.6, post 8.3 ± 1.2 p < 0.05). Mean lowest overnight HR (control: pre 58 ± 6, post 58 ± 6; FO: pre 55 ± 6, post 52 ± 6 bpm, p < 0.05) and mean HR during fast walking (control: pre 120 ± 6, post 124 ± 7; FO: pre 122 ± 6, post 115 ± 6 bpm, p < 0.01) were reduced in the FO group without a change in walking speed (control: pre 1.55 ± 0.17, post 1.58 ± 0.20; FO: pre 1.59 ± 0.15, post 1.59 ± 0.18 m/s), HR variability or physical fitness. The changes in lowest resting HR and fast walking HR significantly correlated (inversely) with the changes in O3I. This nutritional approach of providing dietary achievable DHA offers a potential opportunity to reduce cardiovascular strain during physical activity in the older adult.
Misclassification of calcium status in end‐stage kidney disease using albumin‐adjusted calcium levels
Authors: Law Mandy M. , Smith Joel D. , Schneider Hans G. , Wilson Scott
Published: June 2021

Background

Albumin‐adjusted calcium remains widely used in clinical practice with guidelines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) mineral bone disorder recommending the use of serum calcium for monitoring. This is despite ionized calcium being the biologically active fraction. This study aimed to investigate the ability of total calcium and albumin‐adjusted calcium to correctly assign calcium status in stage 5/5D CKD across non‐dialysis, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.

Methods

Over a 6‐months, 352 paired serum and ionized calcium samples were collected from stage 5 (n = 58) and 5D (n = 294, 196 haemodialysis, 98 peritoneal dialysis) CKD patients in a tertiary‐hospital setting. Albumin‐adjusted calcium was calculated using the modified‐Payne formula. Ionized calcium was the reference standard. The agreement between the two methods in assigning calcium status was assessed using Cohen's weighted kappa (κ) statistic.

Results

Albumin‐adjusted calcium was a poor predictor of calcium status compared to ionized calcium in stage 5/5D CKD (observed agreement 0.42, weighted κ 0.20, 95% CI 0.15–0.26). Dialysis dependence was associated with worse agreement (observed agreement 0.38, weighted κ 0.14, 95% CI 0.09–0.19). Total calcium was more reliable, however, remained inaccurate. Calcium status was not more accurately classified in those with higher albumin levels ≥30 g/L (observed agreement 0.47, weighted κ 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.36).

Conclusion

Total calcium provides better approximation of calcium status than albumin‐adjusted calcium in stage 5/5D CKD. Albumin‐adjusted calcium tends to ‘overcorrect’ serum calcium upward. Clinicians should use ionized calcium where accurate measure of calcium is indicated, with total calcium used as the next best option where resources are limited.
The relationship between clinical placement duration and students' satisfaction with the quality of supervision and learning environment: A mediation analysis
Authors: González‐García Alberto , Díez‐Fernández Ana , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente , Strandell‐Laine Camilla
Published: June 2021

Multiple factors that influence the learning experience of nursing students while they are in clinical training have been identified, such as the clinical learning environment, the supervision provided by supervisors, and the level of cooperation with the nurse teacher. The objective was to examine whether the relationship between the clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction with clinical training is mediated by the supervisory relationship and learning environment. A secondary analysis was conducted using the data from a cross‐sectional study conducted in 17 higher educational institutions in nine European countries with the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher scale (n = 1903 pre‐registration nursing students). Satisfaction with the supervisor and a good learning environment mediated the relationship between clinical placement duration and overall satisfaction as perceived by the students. Nursing students with longer clinical placement durations were more satisfied with clinical training as a result of both their satisfaction with their supervisor and their perceptions of good learning environment. The optimal duration a nursing student should remain in the different practice settings is approximately 7 weeks.
Characteristics of high‐resolution esophageal manometry in children without dysphagia
Authors: Kovacic Karlo , Kern Mark , Pawela Louis , Shaker Reza , Sood Manu R.
Published: June 2021

Background

The absence of high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) norms in pediatrics limits the assessment of children with dysphagia. This study aimed to describe HREM parameters in a cohort of children without dysphagia.

Methods

Children ages 9–16 years with a negative Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire screen and normal histologic findings underwent HREM after completion of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Ten swallows of 5 ml 0.45% saline boluses per subject were captured in supine position. Analyzed data included resting and integrated relaxation pressures (IRP) of lower (LES) and upper (UES) esophageal sphincters, peristaltic contractile integrals, transition zone (TZ) breaks, velocities, and lengths associated with proximal and distal esophagus.

Key Results

33 subjects (15 female) with mean (range) age 12.9 (9–16) years completed the study. Two of 330 analyzed swallows failed. The UES mean resting pressure, and its 0.2 s and 0.8 s IRPs were 48.3 (95% CI 12.9) mmHg, 2.9 (95% CI 1.9) mmHg, and 12.1 (95% CI 2.5) mmHg, respectively. The LES mean resting pressure and its 4 s IRP were 29.0 (95% CI 4.0) mmHg and 9.2 (95% CI 1.3) mmHg. The mean proximal (PCI) and distal (DCI) esophageal contractile integrals were 231 (95% CI 54.8) mmHg‐s‐cm and 1789.3 (95% CI 323.5) mmHg‐s‐cm, with mean TZ break 0.5 (95% CI 0.3) cm.

Conclusions & Inferences

This is the first study to describe HREM parameters in children without dysphagia. Most of the reported measurements were significantly different and less variable from reported adult norms. This emphasizes the need for child‐specific catheters, norms, and protocols to define pediatric esophageal motility disorders.
The interpersonal processes of non‐suicidal self‐injury: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Peel‐Wainwright Kelly‐Marie , Hartley Samantha , Boland Angel , Rocca Eleanor , Langer Susanne , Taylor Peter J.
Published: June 2021

Background

Understanding the processes underlying non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is important given the negative consequences of this behaviour. Qualitative research has the potential to provide an in‐depth exploration of this. There has been limited research regarding the interpersonal processes associated with NSSI; therefore, a meta‐synthesis was conducted to investigate this.

Methods

A search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL electronic databases from date of inception to November 2020 was conducted. In total, 30 papers were included in the final review. A meta‐ethnographic approach was utilized to synthesize the data.

Results

Two overarching themes were found. Within ‘Powerful relational dynamics’, NSSI was cited as a response to participants becoming stuck in aversive or disempowering relational positions with others. Within the ‘Taking matters into their own hands’ subtheme, NSSI was reported as a way for participants to get interpersonal and emotional needs met.

Limitations

Several included papers did not comment on the researcher–participant relationship, which may have affected qualitative results. A small number of potentially eligible papers were unavailable for synthesizing.

Conclusion

Findings provide a more nuanced investigation of the interpersonal processes underlying NSSI. Consistent with relevant theories, NSSI appears to be a way of mitigating difficult interpersonal experiences or getting interpersonal needs met. NSSI may be engaged in as a substitute to other, less damaging ways to cope. An argument is made for a more empathetic understanding of NSSI and the use of relational interventions.

Practitioner points

Self‐injury may occur in response to interpersonal stressors

Self‐injury can be a means to get interpersonal needs met

Self‐injury may replace other means of coping that become blocked or thwarted

Emotional distress can be closely linked with interpersonal factors for this group

Relational therapies may be beneficial where interpersonal processes are linked to NSSI
Body focus and cardioceptive accuracy are not associated with physical performance and perceived fatigue in a sample of individuals with regular physical activity
Authors: Kósa Lili , Mikó Alexandra , Ferentzi Eszter , Szabolcs Zsuzsanna , Bogdány Tamás , Ihász Ferenc , Köteles Ferenc
Published: June 2021

It is often assumed that distracting attention from unpleasant body sensations evoked by physical exertion can alleviate perceived fatigue and increase physical performance. Also, the higher acuity of perception of heartbeats was associated with less physical performance in one study with sedentary participants. The current study was designed to shed more light on these associations. In a within‐subject experiment, 98 students characterized by regular physical activity completed the Schandry‐task assessing cardioceptive accuracy and cycled for 15 min on a bicycle ergometer at a convenient pace, listening to their own breathing through a headset (internal attention condition) or to distracting noises (external attention condition). Physical performance (number of pedal turns), physical exertion (heart rate), and self‐reported fatigue were assessed for both tasks. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses showed no impact of the direction of attention and cardioceptive accuracy on physical performance, exertion, and perceived fatigue. In fact, the lack of association between cardioceptive accuracy and performance and perceived fatigue was more probable than the alternative hypothesis. Impact of distraction and cardioceptive accuracy on subjective and objective characteristics of physical exercise in the aerobic domain may be different for physically active and sedentary individuals. Future research in this area should systematically explore the background of these differences.
Adoption of agricultural technologies among rice farmers in Benin
Authors: Nonvide Gbêtondji Melaine Armel
Published: June 2021

Adoption of agricultural technologies in Benin remains at a very low level. This paper analyzes the factors that determine the adoption of agricultural technologies by rice producers in Benin. It employs a simple probit and Poisson regression models, as well as a multivariate probit model to account for the unobserved interaction between technology adoption decisions. Results reveal that variables such as education, access to extension services, membership of a farmers‐based organization, access to credit, media and use of a mobile phone are important in the process of increasing adoption of agricultural technologies. These variables must be taken into consideration in the elaboration of the agricultural modernization policy.
Spatializing Solidarity: Agricultural Cooperatives as Solidarity Transformers in Cuba*
Authors: Bono Federica , Loopmans Maarten
Published: June 2021

Scholars and social movements have long studied how cooperative values of solidarity and democracy can spill over to the rest of the society. However, such studies have failed to develop a sociospatial theory of solidarity. Focusing on two types of agricultural cooperatives in Cuba, this paper draws on recent geography literature on solidarity to explore the sociospatial dimensions of cooperative solidarity. We find that cooperatives represent a crucial nexus between grassroots, lived community‐based solidarity practices and top‐down, multiscalar, organized solidarities and act as transformers between mechanical and organic solidarity. Cooperatives may lose their capacity for catalyzing solidarity if market pressure disturbs the sociospatial entanglement of grassroots and top‐down efforts.
Intersectionality and social movements: Intersectional challenges and imperatives in the study of social movements
Authors: Montoya Celeste
Published: June 2021

Intersectionality emerged in the border space between social movements and academic politics as a means of better understanding and confronting interlocking systems of oppression. For scholars studying social movements, it offers a framework for better understanding the power dynamics of movements (the inclusions and exclusions). It is also something to be studied. Women of color, and other groups at the intersection of multiple marginalities conceptualized intersectionality as not only a type of integrated analysis or heuristic, but as an active political orientation to be put into practice. In this essay, I review and discuss the benefits and challenges of studying social movements intersectionally (an analysis that might be applied to the study of any movements), as well as the growing literature focused on social movement intersectionality, that looks for and at intersectionally oriented movements and the praxis of intersectionality within movements. This developing area of study provides new ways of understanding and troubling social movement solidarity.
Four novel HLA class II alleles identified using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Gareau Alison , Abu‐Khader Ahmad , Yang Guang , Stamm Luz , Berka Noureddine
Published: June 2021

We describe here four novel HLA class II alleles, DPA1*01:33, DPB1*1082:01, DPB1*1144:01, and DQA1*01:45, identified in our laboratory following the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) for routine high resolution HLA typing of donors and recipients for solid organ transplant and hematopoetic stem cell transplant. The NGS technology has improved our ability to match at all clinically HLA loci and to facilitate the interpretation of allele specific antibody and eplet matching.
Anopheles dirus yellow‐g mediates Plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: Mongkol Watcharakorn , Pomun Tippawan , Nguitragool Wang , Kumpitak Chalermpon , Duangmanee Apisak , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Kubera Anchanee
Published: June 2021

Objective

Our previous transcriptome analysis of Anopheles dirus revealed upregulation of the An. dirus yellow‐g gene upon ingestion of Plasmodium vivax‐infected blood. This gene belongs to the yellow gene family, but its role regarding P. vivax infection is not known and remains to be validated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the An. dirus yellow‐g gene in P. vivax infection.

Methods

The qRT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of the yellow‐g gene in many organs of both male and female mosquitos. The yellow‐g gene silencing was performed by dsRNA membrane feeding to An. dirus. These mosquitoes were later challenged by P. vivax‐infected blood. The oocyst numbers were determined.

Results

The yellow‐g transcript was detected in several organs of both male and female An. dirus mosquitoes. Successful knockdown of yellow‐g was achieved and resulted in reduced P. vivax infection in the mosquitoes. The decrease in yellow‐g expression had no effect on the life span of the mosquitoes.

Conclusions

These results support the yellow‐g gene as having an important function in Plasmodium development in Anopheles mosquitoes.
Strategies and theories to attract and retain blood donors: fairness, reciprocity, equity and warm‐glow
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives

This paper sets out the case that fairness and reciprocity are critical to donor recruitment and warm glow is central to donor retention.

Materials and Methods

Narrative review.

Results

I show that blood donors, compared to non‐donors, are more sensitive to violations of fairness. I argue that interventions that tap into reciprocity and fairness (e.g. voluntary reciprocal altruism) and the inequality in health between donors and recipients are likely to be effective in recruiting new donors. Once recruited, donors with greater experienced warm glow will remain as donors and those with weaker warm glow will relapse: a self‐selection mechanism. I argue that warm glow messages can, therefore, be used to enhance retention rates in new donors with lower levels of warm glow. I also show how research on emotions (prosocial emotions and emotional trajectories), sexual selection and trust offers new and exciting avenues for donor recruitment.

Conclusion

Warm glow is central to retaining blood donors and fairness and reciprocity to recruiting them.
Dissemination of IncFII plasmids carrying fosA3 and blaCTX‐M‐55 in clinical isolates of Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Zhang Zengfeng , Chang Jiang , Xu Xuebin , Zhou Min , Shi Chunlei , Liu Yanhong , Shi Xianming
Published: June 2021

Multidrug‐resistant Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolates have become a significant threat to public health, and fosfomycin has been proposed as one of the therapeutic antibiotics for serious infections by resistant pathogens. In this study, a total of 501 clinical S. Enteritidis isolates were screened and 14 (2.8%) isolates exhibited resistance to fosfomycin (MIC ≥ 1,024 μg/mL) as well as ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 128 μg/mL). The fosA3 gene was identified in these 14 isolates. The fosA3 gene that co‐transferred with blaCTX‐M‐55 was observed on the IncFII plasmids with sizes of ~ 78 (n = 7) or ~ 111 (n = 2) kbp in 9 transconjugants. The fosA3‐bearing plasmid p12367A is 111,764 bp in length and possessed a typical IncFII backbone. A 7.6‐kbp multidrug resistance region (MRR) was identified in p12367A, which was comprised of fosA3 and blaCTX‐M‐55 genes interspersed with ΔISEcp1 and three copies of IS26. Two typical antibiotic resistance determinants (IS26‐orf3‐orf2‐orf1‐fosA3‐IS26 and IS26‐orf477‐blaCTX‐M‐55‐ΔISEcp1‐IS26) shared one IS26 in the MRR. The genetic arrangement of the MRR may have resulted from the stepwise integration of IS26 mobile elements via homologous recombination. Horizontal transfer of IncFII plasmids might contribute to the dissemination of fosA3 and blaCTX‐M‐55 resistance genes in S. Enteritidis interspecies. These findings underline further challenges for the prevention and treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections posed by epidemic IncFII plasmids bearing fosA3‐blaCTX‐M‐55.
Differential susceptibility of aeromonads and coliforms to cefsulodin
Authors: Alonso J L , Amoros I , Alonso M A
Published: June 2021

Volumn 62, no. 6, p. 1885, Abstract, line 3: "For 102 of 129 Aeromonas isolates" should read "For 102 of 130 Aeromonas isolates." Page 1887, column 1, lines 16 and 17: "and for 13 of 21 coliform isolates" should read "and for 13 of 94 coliform isolates." [This corrects the article on p. 1885 in vol. 62.].
Structural, Genetic, and Serological Elucidation of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroup 24 Serotypes: Discovery of a New Serotype, 24C, with a Variable Capsule Structure
Authors: Ganaie Feroze , Maruhn Karsten , Li Chengxin , Porambo Richard J. , Elverdal Pernille L. , Abeygunwardana Chitrananda , van der Linden Mark , Duus Jens Ø. , Sheppard Carmen L. , Nahm Moon H.
Published: June 2021

Pneumococcal capsules are important in pneumococcal pathogenesis and vaccine development. Although conjugate vaccines have brought about a significant reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by vaccine serotypes, the relative serotype prevalence has shifted with the dramatic emergence of serotype 24F in some countries.
Multiplex SARS-CoV-2 Genotyping Reverse Transcriptase PCR for Population-Level Variant Screening and Epidemiologic Surveillance
Authors: Wang Hannah , Miller Jacob A. , Verghese Michelle , Sibai Mamdouh , Solis Daniel , Mfuh Kenji O. , Jiang Becky , Iwai Naomi , Mar Marilyn , Huang ChunHong , Yamamoto Fumiko , Sahoo Malaya K. , Zehnder James , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: June 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with concerning phenotypic mutations is of public health interest. Genomic surveillance is an important tool for a pandemic response, but many laboratories do not have the resources to support population-level sequencing.
Extreme plastic deformation and subsequent Pb loss in shocked xenotime from the Vredefort Dome, South Africa
Authors: Cavosie Aaron J. , Kirkland Christopher L. , Reddy Steven M. , Timms Nicholas E. , Talavera Cristina , Pincus Maya R.
Published: June 2021

Accessory mineral U-Pb geochronometers are crucial tools for constraining the timing of deformation in a wide range of geological settings. Despite the growing recognition that intragrain age variations within deformed minerals can spatially correlate to zones of microstructural damage, the causal mechanisms of Pb loss are not always evident. Here, we report the first U-Pb data for shock-deformed xenotime, from a detrital grain collected at the Vredefort impact structure in South Africa. Orientation mapping revealed multiple shock features, including pervasive planar deformation bands (PDBs) that accommodate up to 40° of lattice misorientation by <100>{010} slip, and also an ~50-µm-wide intragrain shear zone that contains {112} deformation twin lamellae in two orientations. Twenty-nine in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb analyses from all microstructural domains yielded a well-defined discordia with upper-intercept age of 2953 ± 15 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates [MSWD] = 0.57, n = 29, 2σ), consistent with derivation from Kaapvaal craton bedrock. However, the 1754 ± 150 Ma lower concordia intercept age falls between the 2020 Ma Vredefort impact and ca. 1100 Ma Kibaran orogenesis and is not well explained by multiple Pb-loss episodes. The pattern and degree of Pb loss (discordance) correlate with increased [U] but do not correlate to microstructure (twin, PDB) or to crystallinity (band contrast) at the scale of SIMS analysis. Numerical modeling of the Pb-loss history using a concordia-discordia-comparison (CDC) test indicated that the lower concordia age is instead best explained by an alteration episode at ca. 1750 Ma, rather than a multiple Pb-loss history. In this example, the U-Pb system in deformed xenotime does not record a clear signature of impact age resetting; rather, the implied high dislocation density recorded by planar deformation bands and the presence of deformation twins facilitated subsequent Pb loss during a younger event that affected the Witwatersrand basin. Microstructural characterization of xenotime targeted for geochronology provides a new tool for recognizing evidence of deformation and can provide insight into complex age data from highly strained grains, and, as is the case in this study, elucidate previously unrecognized alteration events.
U-Pb geochronology of apatite crystallized within a terrestrial impact melt sheet: Manicouagan as a geochronometer test site
Authors: McGregor Maree , McFarlane Christopher R.M. , Spray John G.
Published: June 2021

The Manicouagan impact event has been the subject of multiple age determinations over the past ~50 yr, providing an ideal test site for evaluating the viability of different geochronometers. This study highlights the suitability of Manicouagan’s essentially pristine impact melt body as a medium for providing insight into the U-Pb isotope systematics of geochronometers in the absence of shock-related overprinting. We performed in situ laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology on apatite and zircon, both of which crystallized as primary phases. This study is the first application of U-Pb geochronology to apatite crystallized within a terrestrial impact melt sheet. U-Pb analyses were obtained from 200 melt-grown apatite grains (n = 222 spots), with a data subset providing a lower-intercept age of 212.5 ± 8.0 Ma. For melt-grown zircon, a total of 30 analyses from 28 grains were obtained, with a subset of the data yielding a lower-intercept age of 213.1 ± 1.6 Ma. The lower precision (±8.0 Ma; ±3%) obtained from apatite is a consequence of low U and a high and variable common-Pb composition. This resulted from localized Pb*/PbC heterogeneity within the impact melt sheet that was incorporated into the apatite crystal structure during crystallization (where Pb*/PbC is the ratio of radiogenic Pb to common Pb). While considered a limitation to the precision obtainable from melt-grown apatite, its ability to record local-scale isotopic variations highlights an advantage of U-Pb studies on melt-grown apatite. The best-estimate ages from zircon and apatite overlap within error and correlate with previously determined ages for the Manicouagan impact event. An average formation age from the new determinations, combined with previous age constraints, yields a weighted mean age of 214.96 ± 0.30 Ma for the Manicouagan impact structure.
Supplemental Material: Petrographic and chemical studies of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary sequence at El Guayal, Tabasco, Mexico: Implications for ejecta plume evolution from the Chicxulub impact crater
Authors: Salge Tobias , al. et
Published: June 2021

Transmitted light and back-scattered electron (BSE) micrographs of silicate melt-coated calcite aggregates and silicate melt particles, high-resolution energy-dispersive spectrometry elemental map, high-resolution BSE mosaic of accretionary lapillus, X-ray fluorescence analyses of bulk rock and accretionary lapilli, electron microprobe analyses of silicate melt particles, and modal composition calculations.
Electromagnetic transition form factors and Dalitz decays of hyperons
Authors: Salone Nora , Leupold Stefan
Published: June 2021

Dalitz decays of a hyperon resonance to a ground-state hyperon and an electron-positron pair can give access to some information about the composite structure of hyperons. We present expressions for the multi-differential decay rates in terms of general transition form factors for spin-parity combinations $$J^P = \frac{1}{2}^\pm , \frac{3}{2}^\pm $$

J
P

=

1
2

±

,

3
2

±

of the hyperon resonance. Even if the spin of the initial hyperon resonance is not measured, the self-analyzing weak decay of the “final” ground-state hyperon contains information about the relative phase between combinations of transition form factors. This relative phase is non-vanishing because of the unstable nature of the hyperon resonance. If all form factor combinations in the differential decay formulae are replaced by their respective values at the photon point, one obtains a QED type approximation, which might be interpreted as characterizing hypothetical hyperons with point-like structure. We compare the QED type approximation to a more realistic form factor scenario for the lowest-lying singly-strange hyperon resonances. In this way we explore which accuracy in the measurements of the differential Dalitz decay rates is required in order to distinguish the composite-structure case from the pointlike case. Based on the QED type approximation we obtain as a by-product a rough prediction for the ratio between the Dalitz decay width and the corresponding photon decay width.
Expectation management
Authors: Braathen Johannes , Goodsell Mark D. , Paßehr Sebastian , Pinsard Emanuelle
Published: June 2021

We consider the application of a Fleischer–Jegerlehner-like treatment of tadpoles to the calculation of neutral scalar masses (including the Higgs) in general theories beyond the Standard Model. This is especially useful when the theory contains new scalars associated with a small expectation value, but comes with its own disadvantages. We show that these can be overcome by combining with effective field theory matching. We provide the formalism in this modified approach for matching the quartic coupling of the Higgs via pole masses at one loop, and apply it to both a toy model and to the $$\mu $$
μ
NMSSM as prototypes where the standard treatment can break down.
Evolution of the political opinion landscape during electoral periods
Authors: Mussi Reyero Tomás , Beiró Mariano G. , Alvarez-Hamelin J. Ignacio , Hernández Laura , Kotzinos Dimitris
Published: June 2021

We present a study of the evolution of the political landscape during the 2015 and 2019 presidential elections in Argentina, based on data obtained from the micro-blogging platform Twitter. We build a semantic network based on the hashtags used by all the users following at least one of the main candidates. With this network we can detect the topics that are discussed in the society. At a difference with most studies of opinion on social media, we do not choose the topics a priori, they emerge from the community structure of the semantic network instead. We assign to each user a dynamical topic vector which measures the evolution of her/his opinion in this space and allows us to monitor the similarities and differences among groups of supporters of different candidates. Our results show that the method is able to detect the dynamics of formation of opinion on different topics and, in particular, it can capture the reshaping of the political opinion landscape which has led to the inversion of result between the two rounds of 2015 election.
How punishment and memory mechanism affect cooperative emergence in prisoner’s dilemma game
Authors: Lu Jie , Zhang Peipei , Li Dandan
Published: June 2021

To remember or forget our acquaintances’ strategies can influence our decision-making significantly. In this paper, we explore the evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game model with punishment and memory mechanism in the time-varying network. Our results show that a larger temptation gain [Formula: see text] or a larger the number of connected edges of activated individuals [Formula: see text] would result in the decrease of the final fraction of cooperators. However, with the increase of the maximum penalty cost, the maximum punishment intensity or the value of individual’s “memory factor”, players are more inclined to choose cooperative strategy. In addition, an effective way to promote the cooperation is to improve the social subsidy. Remarkably, only when the social subsidy is greater than the temptation gain, the density of cooperators could increase significantly. Interestingly, there is a linear relationship between the threshold of social subsidy and the temptation gain. The final results show that ones’ activity rates have no significant correlation with their strategies.
Optimizing Data Intensive Flows for Networks on Chips
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Shi Li , Liu Yang , Robertazzi Thomas G.
Published: June 2021

A novel framework is proposed to find efficient data intensive flow distributions on Networks on Chip (NoC). Voronoi diagram techniques are used to divide a NoC array of homogeneous processors and links into clusters. A new mathematical tool, named the flow matrix, is proposed to find the optimal flow distribution for individual clusters. Individual flow distributions on clusters are reconciled to be more evenly distributed. This leads to an efficient makespan and a significant savings in the number of cores actually used. The approach here is described in terms of a mesh interconnection but is suitable for other interconnection topologies.
An Efficient Elite-Based Simulation–Optimization Approach for Stochastic Resource Allocation Problems in Manufacturing and Service Systems
Authors: Chiu Chun-Chih , Lin James T.
Published: June 2021

Stochastic resource allocation problems (SRAPs) involve determining the optimal configuration of a limited resource to achieve an objective function under given constraints and random effects in manufacturing systems (MSs) and service systems (SSs). The problems are traditionally solved by determining the optimal solution. It is generally preferable to determine as many global optima as possible, or at least a small set of diverse but good candidates, to help the decision-maker rapidly adopt alternative solutions from the set if one solution is unsuitable. However, many local or global optima occur in SRAPs in MSs and SSs due to the interaction between random system factors, such as processing time uncertainty and machine failure rates. Thus, enhancing the searching efficiency of algorithms for SRAPs is a challenge. This study proposes an efficient simulation–optimization approach, called elite-based particle swarm optimization (EPSO), using an optimal replication allocation strategy (ORAS) (i.e., EPSO[Formula: see text], to address three types of SRAPs from the literature. Three simulation models were constructed to evaluate the system performance under random factors. We developed a novel EPSO to explore and exploit the solution space. We created an elite group (EG) that includes multiple solutions, and each solution of the EG has a statistically nonsignificant difference from the current optimal solution. The new feature of EPSO updates the velocity and position of the particles in the design space based on multiple global optima from the EG to enhance diversity and prevent premature convergence. We propose an ORAS to allocate a limited number of replications to each solution. Three numerical experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of EPSO[Formula: see text] compared with other simulation–optimization approaches, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) with both optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) and the ORAS. The experimental results reveal that the solution quality of EPSO improved compared with that of PSO and GA, and the ORAS provides a more efficient allocation of the number of replications compared with the OCBA in the three experiments. Finally, the proposed approach also provides an elite set at the end of the algorithm, instead of a single optimal solution, to support decision-making.
The operator algebra at the Gaussian fixed-point
Authors: Sonoda H.
Published: June 2021

We consider the multiple products of relevant and marginal scalar composite operators at the Gaussian fixed-point in [Formula: see text] dimensions. This amounts to perturbative construction of the [Formula: see text] theory where the parameters of the theory are momentum-dependent sources. Using the exact renormalization group (ERG) formalism, we show how the scaling properties of the sources are given by the short-distance singularities of the multiple products.
Van der Waals black hole as a heat engine
Authors: Roy Tanusree , Debnath Ujjal
Published: June 2021

In this work, we attempt to study the thermodynamic behavior of static Van der Waals (VdW) black hole with an anti-de Sitter (AdS) background in the extended phase space. Treating the negative cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure, we obtain the expressions for enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy and Helmholtz free energy. We study the stability and Joule–Thomson expansion for the black hole. Next, we construct a heat engine by considering the VdW black hole as the working substance. We investigate the maximum efficiency of the black hole heat engine for the Carnot cycle. We also discuss the work done and the efficiency of a new heat engine. Finally, we study the efficiency of the black hole heat engine for the Rankine cycle.
Size-effect at finite temperature in a quark–antiquark effective model in phase space
Authors: Petronilo G. X. A. , Amorim R. G. G. , Ulhoa S. C. , Santos A. F. , Santana A. E. , Khanna Faqir C.
Published: June 2021

A quark–antiquark effective model is studied in a toroidal topology at finite temperature. The model is described by a Schrödinger equation with linear potential which is embedded in a torus. The following aspects are analyzed: (i) the nonclassicality structure using the Wigner function formalism; (ii) finite temperature and size-effects are studied by a generalization of Thermofield Dynamics written in phase space; (iii) in order to include the spin of the quark, Pauli-like Schrödinger equation is used; (iv) analysis of the size-effect is considered to observe the fluctuation in the ground state. The size effect goes to zero at zero, finite and high temperatures. The results emphasize that the spin is a central aspect for this quark–antiquark effective model.
N-soliton solutions for the Maxwell–Bloch equations via the Riemann–Hilbert approach
Authors: Li Yan , Li Jian , Wang Ruiqi
Published: June 2021

We mainly study [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions for the Maxwell–Bloch equations via the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach in this paper. The relevant RH problem has been constructed by performing spectral analysis of Lax pair. Then the jump matrix of the Maxwell–Bloch equations has been obtained. Finally, we gain the exact solutions of the Maxwell–Bloch equations by solving the special RH problem with reflectionless case.
Spontaneous motion of droplet in tubes: The effects of surface wettability and segment length
Authors: Zhang Dingni , Shangguan Qianqian
Published: June 2021

This work studies the spontaneous droplet flow in tubes with different wettability gradient and number of segments by using a particle-based numerical method, many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD). The study aims to understand how the different contact angle sets (gradient contact angle distribution along with different segments of a tube) and the number of segments could affect the droplet flow velocity and time to reaching a stable state. Simulation results show that even with the same wettability gap, a contact angle set with higher values of contact angle along the tube segments can drive the droplet to flow faster in the tubes; moreover, with the same contact angle set and tube length, the tubes with fewer segments can allow a faster flow of droplet, thus a shorter time to reaching the stable state. The numerical findings in this work can provide a new idea and direction for the design of droplet-based microfluidic systems.
A Linear-Time Algorithm for Discrete Radius Optimally Augmenting Paths in a Metric Space
Authors: Wang Haitao , Zhao Yiming
Published: June 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a path graph of [Formula: see text] vertices embedded in a metric space. We consider the problem of adding a new edge to [Formula: see text] so that the radius of the resulting graph is minimized, where any center is constrained to be one of the vertices of [Formula: see text]. Previously, the “continuous” version of the problem where a center may be a point in the interior of an edge of the graph was studied and a linear-time algorithm was known. Our “discrete” version of the problem has not been studied before. We present a linear-time algorithm for the problem.
Degree 2 transformation semigroups as continuous maps on graphs: Foundations and structure
Authors: Margolis Stuart , Rhodes John
Published: June 2021

We develop the theory of transformation semigroups that have degree 2, that is, act by partial functions on a finite set such that the inverse image of points have at most two elements. We show that the graph of fibers of such an action gives a deep connection between semigroup theory and graph theory. It is known that the Krohn–Rhodes complexity of a degree 2 action is at most 2. We show that the monoid of continuous maps on a graph is the translational hull of an appropriate 0-simple semigroup. We show how group mapping semigroups can be considered as regular covers of their right letter mapping image and relate this to their graph of fibers.
Jucys–Murphy elements of partition algebras for the rook monoid
Authors: Mishra Ashish , Srivastava Shraddha
Published: June 2021

Kudryavtseva and Mazorchuk exhibited Schur–Weyl duality between the rook monoid algebra [Formula: see text] and the subalgebra [Formula: see text] of the partition algebra [Formula: see text] acting on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider a subalgebra [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that there is Schur–Weyl duality between the actions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]. This paper studies the representation theory of partition algebras [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for rook monoids inductively by considering the multiplicity free tower [Formula: see text] Furthermore, this inductive approach is established as a spectral approach by describing the Jucys–Murphy elements and their actions on the canonical Gelfand–Tsetlin bases, determined by the aforementioned multiplicity free tower, of irreducible representations of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Also, we describe the Jucys–Murphy elements of [Formula: see text] which play a central role in the demonstration of the actions of Jucys–Murphy elements of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Markov Chain Monte Carlo-Based Estimation of Stress–Strength Reliability Parameter for Generalized Linear Failure Rate Distributions
Authors: Shahsanaei F. , Daneshkhah A.
Published: June 2021

This paper provides Bayesian and classical inference of Stress–Strength reliability parameter, [Formula: see text], where both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are independently distributed as 3-parameter generalized linear failure rate (GLFR) random variables with different parameters. Due to importance of stress–strength models in various fields of engineering, we here address the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of [Formula: see text] and the corresponding interval estimate using some efficient numerical methods. The Bayes estimates of R are derived, considering squared error loss functions. Because the Bayes estimates could not be expressed in closed forms, we employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure to calculate approximate Bayes estimates. To evaluate the performances of different estimators, extensive simulations are implemented and also real datasets are analyzed.
Dynamic Instability Analysis and Design Charts of Curved Panels with Linearly Varying Periodic In-Plane Load
Authors: Patel G. , Nayak A. N. , Srivastava A. K. L.
Published: June 2021

The present paper reports an extensive study on dynamic instability characteristics of curved panels under linearly varying in-plane periodic loading employing finite element formulation with a quadratic isoparametric eight nodded element. At first, the influences of three types of linearly varying in-plane periodic edge loads (triangular, trapezoidal and uniform loads), three types of curved panels (cylindrical, spherical and hyperbolic) and six boundary conditions on excitation frequency and instability region are investigated. Further, the effects of varied parameters, such as shallowness parameter, span to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, and Poisson’s ratio, on the dynamic instability characteristics of curved panels with clamped–clamped–clamped–clamped (CCCC) and simply supported-free-simply supported-free (SFSF) boundary conditions under triangular load are studied. It is found that the above parameters influence significantly on the excitation frequency, at which the dynamic instability initiates, and the width of dynamic instability region (DIR). In addition, a comparative study is also made to find the influences of the various in-plane periodic loads, such as uniform, triangular, parabolic, patch and concentrated load, on the dynamic instability behavior of cylindrical, spherical and hyperbolic panels. Finally, typical design charts showing DIRs in non-dimensional forms are also developed to obtain the excitation frequency and instability region of various frequently used isotropic clamped spherical panels of any dimension, any type of linearly varying in-plane load and any isotropic material directly from these charts without the use of any commercially available finite element software or any developed complex model.
Lie solvable Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Nam Tran Giang , Zhang Zerui
Published: June 2021

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the graph [Formula: see text] and the field [Formula: see text] for which the Leavitt path algebra [Formula: see text] is Lie solvable. Consequently, we obtain a complete description of Lie nilpotent Leavitt path algebras, and show that the Lie solvability of [Formula: see text] and the Lie nilpotency of [Formula: see text] are the same. Furthermore, we compute the solvable index of a Lie solvable Leavitt path algebra.
Structure and isomorphisms of quantum generalized Heisenberg algebras
Authors: Lopes Samuel A. , Razavinia Farrokh
Published: June 2021

In [S. A. Lopes and F. Razavinia, Quantum generalized Heisenberg algebras and their representations, preprint (2020), arXiv:2004.09301] we introduced a new class of algebras, which we named quantum generalized Heisenberg algebras and which depend on a parameter [Formula: see text] and two polynomials [Formula: see text]. We have shown that this class includes all generalized Heisenberg algebras (as defined in [E. M. F. Curado and M. A. Rego-Monteiro, Multi-parametric deformed Heisenberg algebras: A route to complexity, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34(15) (2001) 3253; R. Lü and K. Zhao, Finite-dimensional simple modules over generalized Heisenberg algebras, Linear Algebra Appl. 475 (2015) 276–291, MR 3325233]) as well as generalized down-up algebras (as defined in [G. Benkart and T. Roby, Down-up algebras, J. Algebra 209(1) (1998) 305–344; T. Cassidy and B. Shelton, Basic properties of generalized down-up algebras, J. Algebra 279(1) (2004) 402–421, MR 2078408 (2005f:16051)]), but the parameters of freedom we allow for give rise to many algebras which are in neither one of these two classes. Having classified their finite-dimensional irreducible representations in [S. A. Lopes and F. Razavinia, Quantum generalized Heisenberg algebras and their representations, preprint (2020), arXiv:2004.09301], in this paper, we turn to their classification by isomorphism, the description of their automorphism groups and the study of their ring-theoretical properties.