bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Dendrobium nobile Lindl
Authors: Gong Daoyong , Wu Bin , Qin Hongting , Fu Dezhao , Guo Shunxing , Wang Bochu , Li Biao
Published: October 2022

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, in which the most important compound is dendrobine functioning in a variety of pharmacological activities. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of dendrobine. In this work, we found the expression profiles of DnFPPS were correlated with the contents of dendrobine under the methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments at different time. Then, the cloning and functional identification of a novel FPPS from D. nobile. The full length of DnFPPS is 1231 bp with an open reading frame of 1047 bp encoding 348 amino acids. The sequence similarity analysis demonstrated that DnFPPS was in the high homology with Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium catenatum and contained four conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DnFPPS was the close to the DhFPPS. Then, DnFPPS was induced to express in Escherichia coli, purified, and identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that DnFPPS could catalyze dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate to produce farnesyl diphosphate. Taken together, a novel DnFPPS was cloned and functionally identified, which supplied a candidate gene for the biosynthetic pathway of dendrobine.
Early postoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase for prediction of post-hepatectomy liver failure
Authors: Vassanasiri Watoo , Rungsakulkij Narongsak , Suragul Wikran , Tangtawee Pongsatorn , Muangkaew Paramin , Mingphruedhi Somkit , Aeesoa Suraida
Published: October 2022

Background

Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication of hepatectomy. The current criteria for PHLF diagnosis (ISGLS consensus) require laboratory data on or after postoperative day (POD) 5, which may delay treatment for patients at risk. The present study aimed to determine the associations between early postoperative (POD1) serum aminotransferase levels and PHLF.

Methods

The medical records of patients who underwent hepatectomy at Ramathibodi Hospital from January 2008 to December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Patients were classified into PHLF and non-PHLF groups. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative findings, and early postoperative laboratory data (serum AST, ALT, bilirubin, and international normalized ratio (INR) on POD0 to POD5) were analyzed.

Results

A total of 890 patients were included, of whom 31 (3.4%) had PHLF. Cut-off points for AST of 260 U/L and ALT of 270 U/L on POD1 were predictive of PHLF. In multivariate analysis, AST > 260 U/L on POD1, ICG-R15, major hepatectomy, blood loss, and INR were independently associated with PHLF.

Conclusions

Early warning from elevated serum AST on POD1, before a definitive diagnosis of PHLF is made on POD5, can help alert physicians that a patient is at risk, meaning that active management and vigilant monitoring can be initiated as soon as possible.
Heat storage efficiency, ground surface uplift and thermo-hydro-mechanical phenomena for high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage
Authors: Vidal Rubén , Olivella Sebastià , Saaltink Maarten W. , Diaz-Maurin François
Published: October 2022

High-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) systems can help in balancing energy demand and supply for better use of infrastructures and resources. The aim of these systems is to store high amounts of heat to be reused later. HT-ATES requires addressing problems such as variations of the properties of the aquifer, thermal losses and the uplift of the surface. Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) modelling is a good tool to analyse the viability and cost effectiveness of HT-ATES systems and to understand the interaction of processes, such as heat flux, groundwater flow and ground deformation. The main problem of this modelling is its high computational cost. We propose a dimensional and numerical analysis of the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a pilot HT-ATES. The results of this study have provided information about the dominant thermo-hydraulic fluxes, evolution of the energy efficiency of the system and the role of the hydraulic and thermal loads generated by the injection and extraction of hot water.
Characterization and prediction of the clinical result with a specific model of mini-scleral contact lens in corneas with keratoconus
Authors: Sidi Mohamed Hamida Abdelkader , Marta García-Barchín , Pedro Ruiz-Fortes , Piñero David P.
Published: October 2022

Background

To investigate which factors are correlated with the visual improvement achieved with a specific model of scleral contact lens (SCL) in keratoconus (KC) eyes and to define a model to predict such improvement according to the pre-fitting data. In addition, the changes occurred with the fitting of a specific model of SCL during a period of 3 months in corneas with KC have been investigated.

Methods

Longitudinal retrospective study including 30 eyes of 18 patients (age, 14–65 years) with KC fitted with the SCL ICD16.50 (Paragon Vision Sciences). Visual, refractive, corneal tomographic and ocular aberrometric changes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. Likewise, the characterization of the post-lens meniscus was performed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with the measurement of central, nasal and temporal vaults.

Results

The visual acuity increased significantly from a mean pre-fitting value with spectacles of 0.23 ± 0.07 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) to a mean value of 0.10 ± 0.04 logMAR after 1 month of SCL wear (P < 0.001). An improvement of 1 or more lines of visual acuity with the SCL occurred in 62.1% of the eyes. A significant decrease in central, nasal, and temporal vault was observed after 1 month of SCL wear (P ≤ 0.046). Likewise, there was a significant difference between nasal and temporal vaults during the first month of SCL use (P = 0.008). Furthermore, a significant reduction of ocular high order (P = 0.028) and primary coma root mean square (P = 0.018) was found with the SCL. A predicting linear equation of the change in visual acuity achievable with the SCL was obtained (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.878) considering the pre-fitting spectacle corrected distance visual acuity, and the power and sagittal lens of SCL.

Conclusions

The scleral contact lens evaluated provides an efficacious visual rehabilitation in KC due to the improvement of visual acuity and the correction of low and high-order ocular aberrations. This visual acuity improvement can be predicted from some pre-fitting variables.
Barriers to the implementation, uptake and scaling up of the healthy plate model among regular street food consumers: a qualitative inquiry in Dar-es-Salaam city, Tanzania
Authors: Kagaruki Gibson B. , Mahande Michael J. , Kreppel Katharina S. , Mbata Doris , Kilale Andrew M. , Shayo Elizabeth H. , Mfinanga Sayoki G. , Bonfoh Bassirou
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The healthy plate model is considered one of the practical approaches to reduce the average portion of staple food in main meals, consequently reducing the risks associated with diabetes and other Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs). Despite its potential benefits, studies on the implementation of the healthy plate model are limited in Africa. An inquiry explored barriers to implementation, uptake, and scaling up of the healthy plate model among street food vendors and consumers in three districts of Dar-es-Salaam city in Tanzania.

Methods

A qualitative research design was adopted. Qualitative data collection techniques were employed including; Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with purposefully selected food and nutrition stakeholders at the National, Regional, District and Ward levels. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposefully selected street food consumers and vendors. A total of (13) KIIs were conducted as well as (6) FGDs with street food vendors (2 FGDs) and consumers (4 FGDs). Interview data was managed using Nvivo 12 Software and analyzed thematically.

Results

Three key themes emerged from participants’ accounts: (i) strategic policy barriers, (ii) food production and preparation environment barriers (producers and vendors), and (iii) individual barriers (consumers and vendors). The strategic policy barriers included absence of guidelines and regulations that focus on NCDs linked to nutrition and lack of education guidance for vendors and consumers. The food production and preparation environment barriers included safety and risks concerns regarding the quality of water used for irrigation and washing fruits and vegetables and the areas where vegetables and fruits are grown and prepared. Individual barriers included low consumer income, knowledge on nutrition, unhealthy eating practices and; low vendors’ knowledge as well as low investment capital.

Conclusion

Implementation, uptake and scaling up of the healthy plate model for street food consumers in Dar es Salaam City continues to be constrained by barriers in policy, food production and preparation environment, and individual obstacles. Strengthening of food and nutrition policies, ensuring safety of the food production and preparation environment and, consumer and vendor awareness creation and income generation efforts, provide useful entry points for the successful scaling up of a healthy plate model. This could consequently contribute towards prevention of diet related NCDs, including diabetes.
Feasibility of a telephone-delivered educational intervention for knowledge transfer of COVID-19-related information to older adults in Hong Kong: a pre–post-pilot study
Authors: Fung Mong Yung , Lee Yu Hong , Lee Yan Tung Astor , Wong Mei Ling , Li Joyce Tik Sze , Nok Ng Enoch E. , Lee Vivian Wing Yan
Published: October 2022

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, educational interventions have become necessary to prevent the spread of health-related misinformation among Hong Kong older adults. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a student-led, telephone-delivered intervention to improve COVID-19-related health knowledge among Hong Kong older adults. The secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the student volunteers.

Methods

Twenty-five participants aged 65 or above who were able to communicate in Cantonese and had no hearing or cognitive impairments were recruited for this longitudinal pre–post-study from a community center in Hong Kong. The pilot telephone-delivered intervention consisted of five telephone call sessions conducted by 25 student volunteers. Each participant was paired with the same volunteer throughout the intervention. The first four sessions included pre-tests that assessed the participants’ understanding of three COVID-19-related themes: medication safety, healthcare voucher scheme, and COVID-19 myth-busting. Standardized explanations of the pre-test questions were offered to participants during the phone calls. In the last session, a post-test on all the themes was conducted. The intervention’s feasibility was assessed based on (a) percentage changes in the participants’ test scores, (b) attrition rate, and (c) the acceptability of the intervention by the participants. The impact of the intervention on the student volunteers was evaluated based on a student feedback survey. There was no control group.

Results

Significant improvements in the participants’ test scores (out of 100%) for all themes were observed after the intervention: from 76 to 95.2% for medication safety, from 64.0 to 88.8% for the healthcare voucher scheme, and from 78.0 to 93.2% for COVID-19 myth-busting. The average improvement in test scores of the three themes was 18.4% (95% CI 12.2 to 24.6%). Most participants were satisfied with the program. The student feedback survey suggested that the intervention enhanced students’ communication skills and understanding of Hong Kong older adults.

Conclusion

This pilot study offers initial evidence of the potential and feasibility of student-led, telephone-delivered educational interventions for the transfer of COVID-19-related knowledge to older adults and their benefits for the student volunteers. Future studies should include larger samples and a control group.
Foreword: translanguaging LPP
Authors: Wei Li
Published: October 2022

For me, language policy and planning (LPP) is both a field of practical enquiry and a field of theoretical enquiry. As a practical field, LPP is about actions; actions that are taken by various agents and agencies on the structure, use and acquisition of language. As a theoretical field, LPP critically assesses these actions and further our understanding of why individuals and society decide to take certain actions at certain times in certain ways with regard to language structure, language use and language acquisition. Ultimately, this will help to further our understanding of society. Crucially, LPP as a theoretical field of enquiry needs to raise critical questions about the actions, rather than simply describing and documenting what the actions are. In doing so, LPP studies need to adopt specific theoretical stances. In the present case, the theoretical perspective that the contributors to this special issue have adopted is that of Translanguaging. I am grateful to the editors of the special issue for their invitation to write this short foreword to introduce and contextualise the special issue. I want to do so by highlighting what I think the potential contributions of Translanguaging as an analytical concept are to the studies of LPP, with reference to the Greater Bay Are of China that I would describe as an emerging and evolving Translanguaging Space.
Clinical outcome of drug-coated balloons in patients with femoropopliteal chronic total occlusive lesions: results from the multicenter EAGLE study
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Nakama Tatsuya , Horie Kazunori , Takanashi Keisuke , Kanagami Teruaki , Ichihara Shinya , Arakawa Masataka , Tobita Kazuki , Mori Shinsuke , Iwata Yo , Suzuki Kenji , Kanda Junji
Published: October 2022

Background

Several studies have reported the efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for simple femoropopliteal (FP) lesions. However, the effectiveness of DCB for FP chronic total occlusive lesions (CTO) is controversial. The present study investigated the clinical outcomes of DCB for FP-CTO.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 359 limbs of 318 patients who underwent endovascular therapy with DCB for FP-CTO between July 2017 and February 2021 at seven cardiovascular centers. The primary endpoint was 12-month primary patency. The secondary endpoints were the 12-month rates of freedom from: (1) clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), and (2) re-occlusion. The association of baseline characteristics with the 12-month restenosis risk was investigated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

The 12-month rate of primary patency was 79.8% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 75.1% to 84.8%), whereas the corresponding rates of freedom from CD-TLR and re-occlusion were 86.4% (95%CI: 82.6% to 90.4%) and 88.5% (95%CI: 84.7% to 92.4%), respectively. The bailout stent rate was 8.9%. Independent risk factors for restenosis were hemodialysis (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.18 [1.39 to 3.45]; P = 0.001), chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) (2.02 [1.33 to 3.07]; P = 0.001), and restenosis lesion (2.02 [1.32 to 3.08]; P = 0.001). Use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was identified as a protective factor for restenosis (0.54 [0.35 to 0.82]; P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Despite the low rate of bailout stent, DCB treatment for FP-CTO was effective in real-world clinical practice. Hemodialysis, CLTI, and restenosis lesion were independent risk factors for 12-month restenosis, and the use of DAPT significantly attenuated the risk of 12-month restenosis.
Patients’ and staff members’ experiences of restrictive practices in acute mental health in-patient settings: systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Butterworth Hannah , Wood Lisa , Rowe Sarah
Published: October 2022

Background

Recent guidance has called for the reduction of restrictive practice use owing to growing concerns over the harmful physical and psychological effects for both patients and staff. Despite concerns and efforts, these measures continue to be used regularly to manage challenging behaviour in psychiatric in-patient settings.

Aims

To undertake a systematic review of patients’ and staff members’ experiences of restrictive practices in acute psychiatric in-patient settings.

Method

A systematic review and thematic synthesis was conducted using data from 21 qualitative papers identified from a systematic search across three electronic databases (PsycInfo, Embase and MEDLINE) and citation searching. The protocol for the review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020176859). The quality of included papers was examined using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).

Results

Four overarching themes emerged from the experiences of patients: the psychological effects, staff communication, loss of human rights and making changes. Likewise, the analysis of staff data produced four themes: the need for restrictive practices, the psychological impact, decision-making and making changes. Patient and staff experiences of restrictive practices were overwhelmingly negative, and their use carried harmful physical and psychological consequences. Lack of support following restraint events was a problem for both groups.

Conclusions

Future programmes seeking to improve or reduce restrictive practices should consider the provision of staff training covering behaviour management and de-escalation techniques, offering psychological support to both patients and staff, the importance of effective staff–patient communication and the availability of alternatives.
Impact of an Interdisciplinary Goals-of-Care Program Among Medical Inpatients at a Comprehensive Cancer Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Hui David , Nortje Nico , George Marina , Wilson Kaycee , Urbauer Diana L. , Lenz Caitlin A. , Wallace Susannah Kish , Andersen Clark R. , Mendoza Tito , Haque Sajid , Ahmed Sairah , Delgado-Guay Marvin , Dalal Shalini , Rathi Nisha , Reddy Akhila , McQuade Jennifer , Flowers Christopher , Pisters Peter , Aloia Thomas , Bruera Eduardo
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

Many hospitals have established goals-of-care programs in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; however, few have reported their outcomes. We examined the impact of a multicomponent interdisciplinary goals-of-care program on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and hospital outcomes for medical inpatients with cancer.

METHODS

This single-center study with a quasi-experimental design included consecutive adult patients with cancer admitted to medical units at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, during the 8-month preimplementation (May 1, 2019-December 31, 2019) and postimplementation period (May 1, 2020-December 31, 2020). The primary outcome was ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, hospital mortality, and proportion/timing of care plan documentation. Propensity score weighting was used to adjust for differences in potential covariates, including age, sex, cancer diagnosis, race/ethnicity, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.

RESULTS

This study involved 12,941 hospitalized patients with cancer (pre n = 6,977; post n = 5,964) including 1,365 ICU admissions (pre n = 727; post n = 638). After multicomponent goals-of-care program initiation, we observed a significant reduction in ICU mortality (28.2% v 21.9%; change −6.3%, 95% CI, −9.6 to −3.1; P = .0001). We also observed significant decreases in length of ICU stay (mean change −1.4 days, 95% CI, −2.0 to −0.7; P < .0001) and in-hospital mortality (7% v 6.1%, mean change −0.9%, 95% CI, −1.5 to −0.3; P = .004). The proportion of hospitalized patients with an in-hospital do-not-resuscitate order increased significantly from 14.7% to 19.6% after implementation (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.5; P < .0001), and do-not-resuscitate order was established earlier (mean difference −3.0 days, 95% CI, −3.9 to −2.1; P < .0001).

CONCLUSION

This study showed improvement in hospital outcomes and care plan documentation after implementation of a system-wide, multicomponent goals-of-care intervention.
Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on Implementation, Adoption, and Maintenance of a Community Health Worker–Led Advance Care Planning and Cancer Symptom Screening Intervention: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Murillo Ariana , Agrawal Madhuri , Coker Tumaini
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE:

Advance care planning (ACP) and symptom screening are nationally recommended for all patients with advanced stages of cancer. Yet, routine delivery of such care remains challenging because of multilevel barriers. We hired and trained community health workers (CHWs) to assist with delivery of these services across the United States. The aim of this study was to explore health care professionals' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to these team-based approaches.

METHODS:

We conducted semistructured interviews with 44 health care professionals in 21 cancer clinics in seven US cities using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews using the framework analysis approach.

RESULTS:

Participants noted barriers and facilitators to implementation, adoption, and maintenance of CHW-led ACP and symptom management approaches. Participants were initially skeptical; however, they noted a positive shift in their views over time because of personal experiences and effectiveness in their clinics. There was significant variation in adoption with some using a prescriptive top-down approach and others a bottom-up approach. Most agreed that the combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches would be most efficient and effective for promoting team-based care. All participants discussed implementation and provided suggestions for maintenance including organizational support, leadership, and CHW retention.

CONCLUSION:

CHW-led ACP and proactive symptom management interventions are effective and accepted by cancer care professionals at scale. Tailoring on the basis of organization and local contexts is required to ensure successful adoption, implementation, and maintenance of these effective team-based care delivery approaches.
Metformin's Impact on the Microvascular Response to Insulin
Authors: Love Kaitlin M , Barrett Eugene J , Horton William B
Published: October 2022

Metformin improves insulin's action on whole-body glucose metabolism in various insulin-resistant populations. The detailed cellular mechanism(s) for its metabolic actions are multiple and still incompletely understood. Beyond metabolic actions, metformin also impacts microvascular function. However, the effects of metformin on microvascular function and microvascular insulin action specifically are poorly defined. In this mini-review, we summarize what is currently known about metformin's beneficial impact on both microvascular function and the microvascular response to insulin while highlighting methodologic issues in the literature that limit straightforward mechanistic understanding of these effects. We examine potential mechanisms for these effects based on pharmacologically dosed studies and propose that metformin may improve human microvascular insulin resistance by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we explore several important evidence gaps and discuss avenues for future investigation that may clarify whether metformin's ability to improve microvascular insulin sensitivity is linked to its positive impact on vascular outcomes.
Oral Dantrolene for Myopathic Symptoms in Malignant Hyperthermia–Susceptible Patients: A 25-Year Retrospective Cohort Study of Adverse Effects and Tolerability
Authors: Ibarra Moreno Carlos A. , Kraeva Natalia , Zvaritch Elena , Jungbluth Heinz , Voermans Nicol C. , Riazi Sheila
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

Patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) may experience disabling manifestations of an unspecified myopathy outside the context of anesthesia, including myalgia, fatigue, or episodic rhabdomyolysis. Clinical observations suggest that oral dantrolene may relief myopathic symptoms in MH-susceptible (MHS) patients. However, high-dose oral dantrolene has been associated with severe hepatotoxicity.

METHODS:

In a retrospective database review (1994–2018), we investigated a cohort of patients who were diagnosed as MHS by a positive caffeine-halothane contracture test (CHCT), had myopathic manifestations, and received oral dantrolene. Our aim was to investigate the occurrence of serious adverse effects and the adherence to oral dantrolene therapy. We also explored factors associated with self-reported clinical improvement, considering as nonresponders patients with intolerable adverse effects or who reported no improvement 8 weeks after starting treatment.

RESULTS:

Among 476 MHS patients with positive CHCT, 193 had muscle symptoms, 164 started oral dantrolene, 27 refused treatment, and 2 were excluded due to abnormal liver function before starting therapy. There were no serious adverse effects reported. Forty-six of 164 patients (28%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22%–35%) experienced mild to moderate adverse effects. Twenty-two patients (22/164, 13%; 95% CI, 9%–19%) discontinued treatment, among which 16 due to adverse effects and 6 due to lack of improvement. One hundred forty-two patients (87%; 95% CI, 80%–90%) adhered to therapy and reported improvement of myalgia (n = 78), fatigue (n = 32), or rhabdomyolysis/hiperCKemia (n = 32). The proportion of responders was larger among patients with MH history than among those referred due to a clinical myopathy with nonpertinent anesthetic history (97% vs 79%, respectively; 95% CI of the difference, 8.5–28; P < .001). Patients with a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) variant had higher odds of responding to dantrolene treatment (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.3–30.9; P = .013). Dantrolene median dose was 50 (25–400) and 200 (25–400) mg·day–1 in responders and nonresponders, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that oral dantrolene produced no serious adverse effects within the reported dose range, and was well tolerated by most MH-susceptible patients presenting myopathic symptoms. Our study provides dosing and adverse effect data as a basis for further randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of oral dantrolene for symptomatic relief in MHS-related myopathies.
An interview with Tyler Huycke
Authors: Routledge Daniel
Published: October 2022

Tyler Huycke is a postdoctoral researcher in Zev Gartner's and Ophir Klein's labs at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), where he studies the relationship between mechanics and tissue patterning during gut morphogenesis. Tyler served as an editor for the Journal of Emerging Investigators and as a student co-leader of the developmental and regenerative biology graduate programme at Harvard University. He was awarded the Young Investigator's Award at the 2022 Santa Cruz Developmental Biology (SCDB) meeting, which celebrates outstanding early career researchers. I caught up with Tyler at the SCDB meeting to discuss the award, his research and his career.
The effects of training, acute exercise and dietary fatty acid composition on muscle lipid oxidative capacity in European starlings
Authors: Price Edwin R. , Bauchinger Ulf , McWilliams Scott R. , Boyles Michelle L. , Langlois Lillie A. , Gerson Alexander R. , Guglielmo Christopher G.
Published: October 2022

Migratory birds undergo seasonal changes to muscle biochemistry. Nonetheless, it is unclear to what extent these changes are attributable to the exercise of flight itself versus endogenous changes. Using starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) flying in a wind tunnel, we tested the effects of exercise training, a single bout of flight and dietary lipid composition on pectoralis muscle oxidative enzymes and lipid transporters. Starlings were either unexercised or trained over 2 weeks to fly in a wind tunnel and sampled either immediately following a long flight at the end of this training or after 2 days recovery from this flight. Additionally, they were divided into dietary groups that differed in dietary fatty acid composition (high polyunsaturates versus high monounsaturates) and amount of dietary antioxidant. Trained starlings had elevated (19%) carnitine palmitoyl transferase and elevated (11%) hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase in pectoralis muscle compared with unexercised controls, but training alone had little effect on lipid transporters. Immediately following a long wind-tunnel flight, starling pectoralis had upregulated lipid transporter mRNA (heart-type fatty acid binding protein, H-FABP, 4.7-fold; fatty acid translocase, 1.9-fold; plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein, 1.6-fold), and upregulated H-FABP protein (68%). Dietary fatty acid composition and the amount of dietary antioxidants had no effect on muscle catabolic enzymes or lipid transporter expression. Our results demonstrate that birds undergo rapid upregulation of catabolic capacity that largely becomes available during flight itself, with minor effects due to training. These effects likely combine with endogenous seasonal changes to create the migratory phenotype observed in the wild.
Highly Ordered Monolayers of an Optically Active Amphiphilic Pyrene Derivative at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Negi Shigeru , Hamori Mami , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Kano Koji
Published: October 2022

To study the possibility of controlling molecular assemblies such as monolayers by using chirality, we synthesized 1-[1-(6-stearyl)pyrenyl]ethanol (SP6E), a novel amphiphilic molecule with a chiral center in the hydrophilic part and a pyrene ring in the long-chain alkyl backbone. The structures of racemic and optically active monolayers of SP6E were characterized using the π–A isotherm and analyzed by Brewster angle microscopy, surface fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that (±)-SP6E formed solid solution-like monolayers without any regular structure. By contrast, a one-dimensional columnar structure was observed in the (S)-(−)-SP6E monolayer by AFM, thereby confirming the formation of a relatively controlled monolayer structure. The successful structural control in (S)-(−)-SP6E is considered achieved through the cooperative effects of chirality and π–π stacking of the pyrene ring. Thus, this study demonstrates the possibility of controlling the structure and orientation of molecular assemblies by appropriately combining chirality and other intermolecular interactions based on molecular design. This approach is a promising strategy for developing surface materials and interfacial nanoarchitectonics with precisely controlled molecular orientations.
Synthesis, Properties, and Intermolecular Interactions in the Solid States of π-Congested X-Shaped 1,2,4,5-Tetra(9-anthryl)benzenes
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Takeuchi Shino , Makihara Yuta , Kimura Ryo , Saito Shohei , Sato Hiroyasu , Kubo Takashi
Published: October 2022

A Negishi coupling based synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetra(9-anthryl)benzene derivatives, possessing X-shaped molecular structures, is described. The results of X-ray crystallographic analysis show that two-dimensional highly ordered packing structure of the crystalline state of the unsubstituted derivative is a consequence of intermolecular π-π and CH-π interactions between anthracene units. Photoirradiation of the unsubstituted derivative as a precipitated solution promotes intramolecular [4+4] photocycloaddition reactions between both adjacent pairs of anthracene units to produce a crystalline polycyclic product having a unique 1.700 Å long carbon-carbon single bond. Furthermore, charge-transfer complexes, displaying near-infrared absorption and emission, are generated by co-crystallization of the X-shaped unsubstituted member of the group with electron-acceptor molecules.
La pratique du journal, comme construction du moment interculturel
Authors: Remi Hess
Published: October 2022

-
Risk factors for the incomplete immunization of children of health workers at a tertiary referral hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Yunita , Husada Dominicus , Utomo Budi , Endaryanto Anang , Prasetyo Risky Vitria , Martini Santi
Published: October 2022

Background: Health workers as role models play a key role in increasing immunization coverage. The coverage of complete basic immunization in the city of Surabaya is 98.1%, a figure not similar to the incidences of infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. This study aims to determine the risk factors for incomplete immunization of the children of health workers.

Methods: A case-control questionnaire study comparing incompletely immunized children (case group) and completely immunized children (control group) was done. Participants were children of health workers at a tertiary referral hospital in Surabaya. We conducted interviews and distributed and collected questionnaires from December 2021 to April 2022. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression.

Results: Overall, 148 questionnaires were distributed, 33 of which were excluded due to incomplete data. Therefore, 115 health workers’ children were eligible participants. 62 participants (53.9%) made up the case group, while the control group consisted of 53 participants (46.1%). The average age of the children was 12.5 months, 51.3% were boys and 48.7% were girls. The parental age, parental knowledge, mother's education, and the presence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant association with the children’s immunization status with p-values of 0.043, 0.005, 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively. The children of health workers with a low level of knowledge are 4.8 times more likely to be incompletely immunized (OR 4.887, 95% CI 1.346–35.152). In addition, the possibility of the incomplete immunization of a child is eight times higher for a low-income family (OR 8.679; 95% CI 1.429–52.701).

Conclusions: Low levels of parental knowledge and income are associated with the occurrence of incomplete immunization among the children of health workers at a tertiary referral hospital in Surabaya.
LA VISIÓN DE LOS JARDINES ESPAÑOLES EN EL VIAJE DE COSME DE MEDICI EN LOS AÑOS 1668 Y 1669.
Authors: Morales Folguera José Miguel
Published: October 2022

En este artículo se analizan las referencias a los jardines españoles visitados por Cosme de Médici en su viaje por varias regiones en los años 1668 y 1669. Los datos más importantes se refieren a los jardines de Madrid y de los Sitios Reales, así como a los de las tres principales ciudades andaluzas, en las que se hospedó. Las noticias referentes a Cataluña y Aragón son escasas, mientras que no hay ninguna mención a los jardines y huertos de Extremadura y de Galicia.
DE ESTILO MARAGLIANESCO: OTRAS ESCULTURAS DE GÉNOVA EN ANDALUCÍA.
Authors: Lorenzo Lima Juan Alejandro , Rodríguez López Santiago
Published: October 2022

Este artículo reivindica el protagonismo que la escultura genovesa tuvo en Andalucía durante la época Moderna, concretamente varias obras de madera que fueron realizadas durante el siglo XVIII. Sabemos poco de ellas a nivel documental, pero esa circunstancia no impide que puedan ponerse en relación con Anton Maria Maragliano y sus discípulos o continuadores. Los comentarios ofrecidos sobre cada imagen permiten hacer valoraciones acerca de su uso, las cualidades estilísticas que revelan y los modelos reproducidos. Además, el texto aspira a llamar la atención sobre el poco interés que las manifestaciones de arte ligur han tenido en Sevilla, uno de los focos creativos y mercantiles más importantes en la España del Antiguo Régimen.
EL PATRIMONIO PICTÓRICO DE LA lGLESIA PRIORAL DE EL PUERTO DE SANTA MARÍA.
Authors: Valdivieso González Enrique
Published: October 2022

Se recoge en este trabajo el amplio repertorio pictórico que se conserva en la iglesia Prioral de El Puerto de Santa María, en el que figuran obras que oscilan desde el siglo XVI hasta el siglo XIX con su estudio, análisis y valoración
UT PICTURA POESIS. ASPECTOS ARTÍSTICOS DEL HOMENAJE A GUSTAVO ADOLFO BÉCQUER, 1884-1887.
Authors: Pérez Calero Gerardo
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se estudia la contribución de un selecto grupo de artistas del ámbito sevillano al homenaje tributado al poeta Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer entre 1884 y 1887, consistente en la inserción de ilustraciones en un número especial de la revista La Ilustración Artística de Barcelona.
ESBOZO DE LA ARQUITECTURA BRUTALISTA EN PROVINCIAS. EL ASILO DE ANCIANOS DE ZAMORA.
Authors: García-Lozano Rafael Ángel
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo pretende estudiar el proyecto arquitectónico de un edificio previsto en los años 70 para Zamora, y cuya singularidad recae en ser considerado como un esbozo de la arquitectura brutalista en provincias. Nuestra pretensión no reside en vindicar el asilo zamorano como referente o paradigma de la arquitectura brutalista española, sino aproximarnos a la acogida de la arquitectura brutalista en provincias. Más cuando los edificios insertos en este estilo arquitectónico se construyeron en España generalmente en los núcleos urbanos más importantes o de mayor significatividad política, económica o cultural. Tratamos, pues, de aproximar las características de este inmueble a las líneas generales de este estilo, para lo cual analizamos su proceso proyectual y las circunstancias en que se produjo.
El lobo que se convirtió en ratón
Authors: Montero-Bagatella Sandra H. , Cervantes Fernando A.
Published: October 2022

Dentro del diverso grupo de los roedores, existen unos singulares ratones que por su aspecto tierno y delicado podrían protagonizar alguna película infantil. Sin embargo, por sus hábitos cazadores y su carácter agresivo funcionarían mejor en una película de acción.
Attempting to prevent hyperoxaemia after out-of-hospital resuscitation
Authors: Scotney Natalie
Published: October 2022

Survival to discharge in the UK after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is significantly lower than in other similarly developed countries (7.3% in the UK compared with the rest of Europe at 11.7%). One modifiable factor that could be contributing to this is the oxygen administered by paramedics after a successful out-of-hospital resuscitation. Randomised controlled trials on the topic are limited, and most research is observational and often does not differentiate according to the location of the cardiac arrest, leading to conflicting results. Overall, hyperoxaemia may be beneficial for the patient after a successful resuscitation until a critical level is reached; in the prehospital setting, it is not always possible to measure PaO2 as this is outside of the scope of practice of a paramedic in the UK. Above a critical level, excess oxygen becomes damaging and worsens patient outcomes. After a successful resuscitation, where possible, paramedics should consider titrating a patient's oxygenation to a peripheral oxygen saturation of 94–98% unless a more accurate measurement, such as point-of-care arterial blood gas results are available to guide titration.
O USO DE JOGOS DIDÁTICOS COMO FACILITADORES NO APRENDIZADO DA MICROBIOLOGIA
Authors: De Lima Victor Hugo Moreira
Published: October 2022

Os jogos educativos transmitem o conhecimento de forma lúdica, com mais incentivo às praticas coletivas, validando os conceitos e a didática em sala aula. O objetivo deste estudo é produzir jogos educativos para o ensino da microbiologia, buscando ampliar aprendizagens e melhorar o desempenho dos estudantes. Os jogos foram aplicados a 24 estudantes da 2ª série do Ensino Médio. Os dados foram coletados a partir de testes aplicados antes e após o uso dos jogos. Foi possível mensurar que houve uma maior aprendizagem dos estudantes em relação à microbiologia após o uso dos jogos didáticos, levando em consideração os seguintes aspectos: conhecimento básico relacionado à microbiologia e as suas aplicações. Por meio do uso dos jogos foi possível perceber que os estudantes preferiram responder questões relacionadas à vírus e bactérias do que aos protozoários, algas e fungos, o que demonstra um maior entendimento sobre determinados grupos do que com outros.
QUESTÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E AS TEORIAS E LEIS GERAIS DA FÍSICA
Authors: Zetti Thiago Moura , Miltão Milton Souza Ribeiro
Published: October 2022

Os problemas socioambientais são fenômenos que afligem a humanidade. À medida que ela foi se desenvolvendo, e por consequência, se distanciando da natureza, a humanidade passou a vê-la de forma fragmentada. Essa mudança de visão, com o passar do tempo, mostrou-se não sustentável. A questão ambiental é um dos assuntos mais polêmicos e atuais, que deve ser bastante debatido e criticado, tendo a Educação Ambiental como uma ferramenta fundamental para propiciar conhecimento sobre esse assunto. Há uma necessidade de valorizar e disseminar práticas educativas que envolvam as práticas da Educação Ambiental, bem como de associar ao conhecimento cientifico, uma vez que este último, é um elemento-chave na cultura geral dos indivíduos. Neste trabalho, através de um levantamento teórico sobre educação ambiental, questões sociocientíficas e as teorias e leis gerais da física, nosso principal objetivo é associar o conhecimento científico aos problemas socioambientais através de uma educação ambiental filosófica-crítica.
DINÂMICA DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO SÃO JOÃO DA MATA, NO MUNICÍPIO DE CACHOEIRO DE ITAPEMIRIM-ES, BRASIL
Authors: Fiorese Caio Henrique Ungarato
Published: October 2022

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso e ocupação das terras na sub-bacia do Ribeirão São João da Mata, como forma de subsidiar melhorias ambientais e econômicas. Os procedimentos foram realizados no programa ArcGis. Foi delimitada a sub-bacia para, junto ao Geobases, serem adquridas feições de uso e ocupação para o estado do Espírito Santo acerca dos mapeamentos dos anos 2007-2008 e 2012-2015. As feições foram editadas para a sub-bacia. As classes foram identificadas, mapeadas e quantificadas. Há maior predominância da pastagem, tendo aumentado em 2,262%. A vegetação nativa teve baixos percentuais e apresentou parcialmente um padrão fragmentado. A cafeicultura esteve disposta em pequenos monocultivos. A macega, mesmo com baixa abrangência, esteve próxima a vegetação nativa, representando um problema de uso e ocupação. Há necessidade, por exemplo, de um correto manejo da agropecuária e de ampliar a vegetação nativa em macega.
Quantum network security dependent on the connection density between trusted nodes
Authors: Gaidash Andrei , Miroshnichenko George , Kozubov Anton
Published: October 2022

Besides true quantum repeaters, a trusted node paradigm seems to be inevitable for practical implementations (at least in the short term), and one should consider configurations of trusted nodes as the basis for global quantum networks. In this paper, we estimate how the introduction of additional connections between trusted nodes through one, two, etc., nodes (i.e., connection density) to a quantum network with serial connections of trusted nodes affects its security. We provide proper scaling of the failure probability of authentication and quantum key distribution protocols to the level of the whole quantum network. Expressions of the failure probability dependent on the total number of connected nodes between users and the connection density for the given mean failure probability of each element are derived. The result provides an explicit trade-off between an increase of key transport security and a consequent increase of spent resources. We believe that the obtained result may be useful for both the design of future networks and optimization of existing ones.
LED near-eye holographic display with a large non-paraxial hologram generation
Authors: Kozacki Tomasz , Chlipala Maksymilian , Martinez-Carranza Juan , Kukołowicz Rafał , Idicula Moncy Sajeev
Published: October 2022

In this paper, two solutions are proposed to improve the quality of a large image that is reconstructed in front of the observer in a near-eye holographic display. One of the proposed techniques, to the best of our knowledge, is the first wide-angle solution that successfully uses a non-coherent LED source. It is shown that the resulting image when employing these types of sources has less speckle noise but a resolution comparable to that obtained with coherent light. These results are explained by the developed theory, which also shows that the coherence effect is angle varying. Furthermore, for the used pupil forming display architecture, it is necessary to compute a large virtual nonparaxial hologram. We demonstrate that for this hologram there exists a small support region that has a frequency range capable of encoding information generated by a single point of the object. This small support region is beneficial since it enables to propose a wide-angle rigorous CGH computational method, which allows processing very dense cloud of points that represents three-dimensional objects. This is our second proposed key development. To determine the corresponding support region, the concept of local wavefront spatial curvature is introduced, which is proportional to the tangent line to the local spatial frequency of the spherical wavefront. The proposed analytical solution shows that the size of this area strongly depends on the transverse and longitudinal coordinate of the corresponding object point.
High-resolution polarization-sensitive Fourier ptychography microscopy using a high numerical aperture dome illuminator
Authors: Gholami Mayani Mahdieh , Tekseth Kim Robert , Breiby Dag Werner , Klein Jörn , Akram Muhammad Nadeem
Published: October 2022

Polarization-sensitive Fourier-ptychography microscopy (pFPM) allows for high resolution imaging while maintaining a large field of view, and without mechanical movements of optical-setup components. In contrast to ordinary light microscopes, pFPM provides quantitative absorption and phase information, for complex and birefringent specimens, with high resolution across a wide field of view. Using a semi-spherical home-built LED illumination array, a single polarizer, and a 10x /0.28NA objective, we experimentally demonstrate high performance pFPM with a synthesized NA of 1.1. Applying the standard quantitative method, a measured half-pitch resolution of 244 nm is achieved for the 1951 USAF resolution test target. As application examples, the polarimetric properties of a herbaceous flowering plant and the metastatic carcinoma of human liver cells are analyzed and quantitatively imaged.