bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of various host plants on nutritional indices and some biochemical compounds in green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Yazdanfar H. , Ghodskhah Daryaei M. , Jalali Sendi J. , Ghobari H. , Valizadeh B.
Published: December 2015

The green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L., is one of the most destructive pests, causing damages to various species of oak, feeding on different host plants including Quercus infectoria Oliv, Q. branti Lindl, and Q. libani Oliv. Nutritional indices, activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds of T. viridana were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, chemical components were analysed in the leaves of the three host plants. Fourth instar larvae reared on Q. branti showed the highest values of relative consumption rate (RCR), approximate digestibility, and consumption index (48.73±6.22; 90.45±1.06 and 97.45±12.44 respectively), while the lowest values were observed on Q. libani. Efficiency of conversion of ingested food in the fourth instar larvae was the highest (3.17±0.661) on Q. libani and the lowest (1.53±0.164) on Q. branti. The fifth instar larvae fed on Q. libani had the highest RCR (15.64±2.51). The highest amounts of triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, protein and the lowest activity of alkaline phosphatase were observed in the fifth instar larvae reared on Q. libani. The leaves of Q. libani highlighted the highest amounts of total nitrogen, total protein, water, potassium, magnesium and total carbohydrate. The present research suggested that the nutritional quality of the host plants have crucial effects on T. viridana larvae.
Early Paleozoic Ostracoda from southwestern District of Mackenzie and Yukon Territory
Authors: Copeland M J
Published: December 2015

Early Paleozoic strata of the Cordilleran elastic and carbonate belts are widely distributed throughout northwestern North America. They contain varied, silicified late Ordovician, Late Silurian and Early Devonian ostracode faunas that may serve as a basis for
correlation in southwestern District of Mackenzie, central Yukon Territory and eastern Alaska. Three Middle Ordovician, Whiterockian to Trentonian ostracode assemblages have been previously reported from southwestern District of Mackenzie in strata of the carbonate belt. These are equated to the
North American Orthidiella-"Goniotelina", Mimella and Hesperorthis-Oepikina biostratigraphic assemblages. A fourth assemblage, of Late Ordovician Maysvillian age and equated to the Cryptoilthus-Anataphrus fauna, is described here from the Road River elastic belt. It contains six taxa of which one is
new. These assemblages may be correlated with others from Oklahoma, Virginia and midcontinental North America and demonstrate a late Ordovician North American transgressive faunal sequence. Ostracode assemblages of Late Silurian and Early Devonian age are present in both elastic and carbonate belts
throughout the region. The earlier, cosmopolitan Wenlockian-Pridolian assemblages are of common occurrence locally, especially in the elastic belt, and display a beyrichiacean-bairdiacean fauna of Eurasian aspect. The later, more provincial Siegenian-Emsian assemblage of relict beyrichiaceans and
ancestral hollinaceans, may be equated, in general, with the Monograptus yukonensis Zone. This assemblage marked a late phase of Early Paleozoic elastic deposition in the Cordilleran area and established a hollinid fauna that, during the Middle Devonian, flourished in midcontinental North America.
More than 90 ostracode genera are known from these SiluroDevonian strata; of these, 116 taxa are recorded here, including 2 new genera and 37 new species.
Resolutions of moduli spaces and homological stability
Authors: Randal-Williams Oscar
Published: December 2015

We describe partial semi-simplicial resolutions of moduli spaces of surfaces with tangential structure. This allows us to prove a homological stability theorem for these moduli spaces, which often improves the known stability ranges and gives explicit stability ranges in many new cases. In each of these cases the stable homology can be identified using the methods of Galatius, Madsen, Tillmann and Weiss.
The spacetime positive mass theorem in dimensions less than eight
Authors: Eichmair Michael , Huang Lan-Hsuan , Lee Dan A. , Schoen Richard
Published: December 2015

We prove the spacetime positive mass theorem in dimensions less than eight. This theorem asserts that for any asymptotically flat initial data set that satisfies the dominant energy condition, the inequality

E ≥ | P |

holds, where

(E, P)

is the ADM energy-momentum vector. Previously, this theorem was only known for spin manifolds [38]. Our approach is a modification of the minimal hypersurface technique that was used by the last named author and S.-T. Yau to establish the time-symmetric case of this theorem [30, 27]. Instead of minimal hypersurfaces, we use marginally outer trapped hypersurfaces (MOTS) whose existence is guaranteed by earlier work of the first named author [14]. An important part of our proof is to introduce an appropriate substitute for the area functional that is used in the time-symmetric case to single out certain minimal hyper surfaces. We also establish a density theorem of independent interest and use it to reduce the general case of the spacetime positive mass theorem to the special case of initial data that has harmonic asymptotics and satisfies the strict dominant energy condition.
On the topology of polynomials with bounded integer coefficients
Authors: Feng De-Jun
Published: December 2015

For a real number

q>1

and a positive integer

m

, let

Y_m(q):=\left\{\sum_{i=0}^n\epsilon_i q^i:\; \epsilon_i\in \{0, \pm 1,\ldots, \pm m\},\; n=0, 1,\ldots \right\}.

In this paper, we show that

Y_m(q)

is dense in

\mathbb R

if and only if

q < m + 1

and

q

is not a Pisot number. This completes several previous results and answers an open question raised by Erdős, Joó and Komornik [8].
Association Patterns in Open Data to Explore Ciprofloxacin Adverse Events
Authors: Yildirim P.
Published: December 2015

Background: Ciprofloxacin is one of the main drugs to treat bacterial infections. Bacterial infections can lead to high morbidity, mortality, and costs of treatment in the world. In this study, an analysis was conducted using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database on the adverse events of ciprofloxacin.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore unknown associations among the adverse events of ciprofloxacin, patient demographics and adverse event outcomes.

Methods: A search of FDA AERS reports was performed and some statistics was highlighted. The most frequent adverse events and event outcomes of ciprofloxacin were listed, age and gender specific distribution of adverse events are reported, then the apriori algorithm was applied to the dataset to obtain some association rules and objective measures were used to select interesting ones. Furthermore, the results were compared against classical data mining algorithms and discussed.

Results: The search resulted in 6 531 reports. The reports included within the dataset consist of 3 585 (55.8%) female and 2 884 (44.1%) male patients. The mean age of patients is 54.59 years. Preschool child, middle aged and aged groups have most adverse events reports in all groups. Pyrexia has the highest frequency with ciprofloxacin, followed by pain, diarrhoea, and anxiety in this order and the most frequent adverse event outcome is hospitalization. Age and gender based differences in the events in patients were found. In addition, some of the interesting associations obtained from the Apriori algorithm include not only psychiatric disorders but specifically their manifestation in specific gender groups.

Conclusions: The FDA AERS offers an important data resource to identify new or unknown adverse events of drugs in the biomedical domain. The results that were obtained in this study can provide valuable information for medical researchers and decision makers at the pharmaceutical research field.
Long-term trend analysis and climatology of tropical cirrus clouds using 16 years of lidar data set over Southern India
Authors: Pandit A. K. , Gadhavi H. S. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Raghunath K. , Rao S. V. B. , Jayaraman A.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Sixteen-year (1998–2013) climatology of cirrus clouds and their macrophysical (base height, top height and geometrical thickness) and optical properties (cloud optical thickness) observed using a ground-based lidar over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), India, is presented. The climatology obtained from the ground-based lidar is compared with the climatology obtained from 7 and a half years (June 2006–December 2013) of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations. A very good agreement is found between the two climatologies in spite of their opposite viewing geometries and the differences in sampling frequencies. Nearly 50–55 % of cirrus clouds were found to possess geometrical thickness less than 2 km. Ground-based lidar is found to detect a higher number of sub-visible clouds than CALIOP which has implications for global warming studies as sub-visible cirrus clouds have significant positive radiative forcing. Cirrus clouds with mid-cloud temperatures between −50 to −70 °C have a mean geometrical thickness greater than 2 km in contrast to the earlier reported value of 1.7 km. Trend analyses reveal a statistically significant increase in the altitude of sub-visible cirrus clouds which is consistent with the recent climate model simulations. The mid-cloud altitude of sub-visible cirrus clouds is found to be increasing at the rate of 41 ± 21 m year−1. Statistically significant decrease in optical thickness of sub-visible and thick cirrus clouds is observed. Also, the fraction of sub-visible cirrus cloud is found to have increased by 9 % in the last 16 years (1998 to 2013). This increase is mainly compensated by a 7 % decrease in thin cirrus cloud fraction. This has implications for the temperature and water vapour budget in the tropical tropopause layer.
Post-bubble close-off fractionation of gases in polar firn and ice cores: effects of accumulation rate on permeation through overloading pressure
Authors: Kobashi T. , Ikeda-Fukazawa T. , Suwa M. , Schwander J. , Kameda T. , Lundin J. , Hori A. , Motoyama H. , Döring M. , Leuenberger M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Gases in ice cores are invaluable archives of past environmental changes (e.g., the past atmosphere). However, gas fractionation processes after bubble closure in the firn are poorly understood, although increasing evidence indicates preferential leakages of smaller molecules (e.g., neon, oxygen, and argon) from the closed bubbles through the ice matrix. These fractionation processes are believed to be responsible for the observed millennial δO2/N2 variations in ice cores, linking ice core chronologies with orbital parameters. In this study, we investigated high-resolution δAr/N2 of the GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2), NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project), and Dome Fuji ice cores for the past few thousand years. We find that δAr/N2 at multidecadal resolution on the "gas-age scale" in the GISP2 ice core has a significant negative correlation with accumulation rate and a positive correlation with air contents over the past 6000 years, indicating that changes in overloading pressure induced δAr/N2 fractionation in the firn. Furthermore, the GISP2 temperature and accumulation rate for the last 4000 years have nearly equal effects on δAr/N2 with sensitivities of 0.72 ± 0.1 ‰ °C−1 and −0.58 ± 0.09 ‰ (0.01 m ice year−1)−1, respectively. To understand the fractionation processes, we applied a permeation model for two different processes of bubble pressure build-up in the firn, "pressure sensitive process" (e.g., microbubbles: 0.3–3 % of air contents) with a greater sensitivity to overloading pressures and "normal bubble process". The model indicates that δAr/N2 in the bubbles under the pressure sensitive process are negatively correlated with the accumulation rate due to changes in overloading pressure. On the other hand, the normal bubbles experience only limited depletion (< 0.5 ‰) in the firn. Colder temperatures in the firn induce more depletion in δAr/N2 through thicker firn. The pressure sensitive bubbles are so depleted in δAr/N2 at the bubble close-off depth that they dominate the total δAr/N2 changes in spite of their smaller air contents. The model also indicates that δAr/N2 of ice cores should have experienced several per mil of depletion during the storage 14–18 years after coring. Further understanding of the δAr/N2 fractionation processes in the firn, combined with nitrogen and argon isotope data, may lead to a new proxy for the past temperature and accumulation rate.
Size distribution and mixing state of black carbon particles during a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai
Authors: Gong X. , Zhang C. , Chen H. , Nizkorodov S. A. , Chen J. , Yang X.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. A Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS), a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) and various meteorological instruments were employed to investigate the chemical and physical properties of black carbon (BC) aerosols during a regional air pollution episode in urban Shanghai over a five-day period in December 2013. The average PM2.5 and BC mass concentrations were 221 and 3.2 μg m−3, respectively, with the PM2.5 peak value of 636 μg m−3 at noon of 6 December and the BC peak value of 12.1 μg m−3 at 04:26 LT on 7 December. The number size of BC cores was distributed over ~ 60–400 nm, with a peak around ~ 60 nm. The BC core mass size distribution was within ~ 70–500 nm, with a peak around ~ 200 nm. The number concentration of BC-containing particles captured by SPAMS in the size range 200–1200 nm agreed very well with that detected by SP2 (R2 = 0.87). A cluster analysis of the single particle mass spectra allowed for the separation of BC-containing particles into seven classes. Pure BC accounted for 0.53 % of BC-containing particles; BC attributed to biomass burning (BBBC) accounted for 22.60 %; K-rich BC-containing (KBC), NaK-rich BC-containing (NaKBC), BC internally-mixed with OC and ammonium sulfate (BCOC-SOx), BC internally-mixed with OC and ammonium nitrate (BCOC-NOx) were all attributed to traffic emissions and accounted for 73.24 %; unidentified particles accounted for 3.63 %. The size distribution of internally-mixed BC particles was bimodal. Detected by SP2, the condensation mode peaked around ~ 230 nm and droplet mode peaked around ~ 380 nm, with a clear valley in the size distribution around ~ 320 nm. The condensation mode mainly consisted of traffic emissions, with particles featuring a small BC core (~ 60–80 nm) and a relatively thin absolute coating thickness (ACT, ~ 50–130 nm). The droplet mode included highly aged traffic emission particles and biomass burning particles. The highly aged traffic emissions had a small core (~ 60–80 nm) and a very thick ACT (~ 130–300 nm), which is larger than reported in any previous literature. The biomass burning particles had a larger BC core (~ 80–130 nm) and a thick ACT (~ 110–300 nm). High concentration gaseous pollutants like NO2 were found to accelerate the aging process and resulted in a continuous size growth of BC-containing particles from traffic emission. The condensation of gaseous pollutants made a significant contribution to the extremely high particulate matter during heavy pollution episode in the urban area.
UMTS rapid response real-time seismic networks: implementation and strategies at INGV
Authors: Govoni A. , Margheriti L. , Moretti M. , Lauciani V. , Sensale G. , Bucci A. , Criscuoli F.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and its evolutions are nowadays the most affordable and widespread data communication infrastructure available almost world wide. Moreover the always growing cellular phone market is pushing the development of new devices with higher performances and lower power consumption. All these characteristics make UMTS really useful for the implementation of an "easy to deploy" temporary real-time seismic station. Despite these remarkable features, there are many drawbacks that must be properly taken in account to effectively transmit the seismic data: Internet security, signal and service availability, power consumption. – Internet security: exposing seismological data services and seismic stations to the Internet is dangerous, attack prone and can lead to downtimes in the services, so we setup a dedicated Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to protect all the connected devices. – Signal and service availability: while for temporary experiment a carefull planning and an accurate site selection can minimize the problem, this is not always the case with rapid response networks. Moreover, as with any other leased line, the availability of the UMTS service during a seismic crisis is basically unpredictable. Nowadays in Italy during a major national emergency a Committee of the Italian Civil Defense ensures unified management and coordination of emergency activities. Inside it the telecom companies are committed to give support to the crisis management improving the standards in their communication networks. – Power consumption: it is at least of the order of that of the seismic station and, being related to data flow and signal quality is largely unpredictable. While the most secure option consists in adding a second independent solar power supply to the seismic station, this is not always a very convenient solution since it doubles the cost and doubles the equipment on site. We found that an acceptable trade-off is to add an inexpensive Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) circuit to the UMTS router power supply that switches off the data transmission when the power is low. This greatly reduces the probability of data loss but lowers the real-time data availabilty. This approach guarantees on the average a satisfactory data acquistion rate, only in very few cases and when the real-time data is extremely important for a particular site we needed to double the power supply on the site. Overall the UMTS data transmission has been used in most temporary seismic experiments and in all seismic emergencies happened in Italy since 2010 and has proved to be a very cost effective approach with real-time data acquisition rates usually greater than 97 % and all the benefits that result from the fast integration of the temporary data in the National Network monitoring system and in the EIDA data bank.
High resolution wetland mapping in West Siberian taiga zone for methane emission inventory
Authors: Terentieva I. E. , Glagolev M. V. , Lapshina E. D. , Sabrekov A. F. , Maksyutov S. S.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. High latitude wetlands are important for understanding climate change risks because these environments sink carbon and emit methane. Fine scale heterogeneity of wetland landscapes pose challenges for producing the greenhouse gas flux inventories based on point observations. To reduce uncertainties at the regional scale, we mapped wetlands and water bodies in the taiga zone of West Siberia on a scene-by-scene basis using a supervised classification of Landsat imagery. The training dataset was based on high-resolution images and field data that were collected at 28 test areas. Classification scheme was aimed at methane inventory applications and included 7 wetland ecosystem types composing 9 wetland complexes in different proportions. Accuracy assessment based on 1082 validation polygons of 10 × 10 pixels indicated an overall map accuracy of 79 %. The total area of the wetlands and water bodies was estimated to be 52.4 Mha or 4–12 % of the global wetland area. Ridge-hollow complexes prevail in WS's taiga, occupying 33 % of the domain, followed by forested bogs or "ryams" (23 %), ridge-hollow-lake complexes (16 %), open fens (8 %), palsa complexes (7 %), open bogs (5 %), patterned fens (4 %), and swamps (4 %). Various oligotrophic environments are dominant among the wetland ecosystems, while fens cover only 14 % of the area. Because of the significant update in the wetland ecosystem coverage, a considerable revaluation of the total CH4 emissions from the entire region is expected. A new Landsat-based map of WS's taiga wetlands provides a benchmark for validation of coarse-resolution global land cover products and wetland datasets in high latitudes.
r.randomwalk v1, a multi-functional conceptual tool for mass movement routing
Authors: Mergili M. , Krenn J. , Chu H.-J.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. We introduce r.randomwalk, a flexible and multi-functional open-source tool for backward and forward analyses of mass movement propagation. r.randomwalk builds on GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System – Geographic Information System), the R software for statistical computing and the programming languages Python and C. Using constrained random walks, mass points are routed from defined release pixels of one to many mass movements through a digital elevation model until a defined break criterion is reached. Compared to existing tools, the major innovative features of r.randomwalk are (i) multiple break criteria can be combined to compute an impact indicator score; (ii) the uncertainties of break criteria can be included by performing multiple parallel computations with randomized parameter sets, resulting in an impact indicator index in the range 0–1; (iii) built-in functions for validation and visualization of the results are provided; (iv) observed landslides can be back analysed to derive the density distribution of the observed angles of reach. This distribution can be employed to compute impact probabilities for each pixel. Further, impact indicator scores and probabilities can be combined with release indicator scores or probabilities, and with exposure indicator scores. We demonstrate the key functionalities of r.randomwalk for (i) a single event, the Acheron rock avalanche in New Zealand; (ii) landslides in a 61.5 km2 study area in the Kao Ping Watershed, Taiwan; and (iii) lake outburst floods in a 2106 km2 area in the Gunt Valley, Tajikistan.
"Sub Tiberio quies?" La situación política en Judea bajo los prefectos (6-41 e.c.), entre realidad e ideología
Authors: Bermejo Rubio Fernando
Published: December 2015

Existen valoraciones llamativamente discrepantes sobre la situación política de Judea bajo la égida de los prefectos romanos (6-41 e.c.). Según una opinión, este habría sido un período de persistente agitación revolucionaria; según otra –más extendida–, habría sido tranquilo, de acuerdo a la aseveración de Tácito sub Tiberio quies. El presente artículo examina de nuevo críticamente las principales fuentes disponibles –en particular, la obra de Flavio Josefo, los evangelios canónicos y Tácito– con el objeto de ofrecer una reconstrucción histórica más fiable. El examen arroja resultados que ponen en cuestión nociones extendidas e insuficientemente matizadas acerca del período referido. A su vez, esto permite reflexionar sobre los factores extra-epistémicos que pueden contribuir a explicar la génesis de tales nociones.
"Ad nostram scientiam referatur": la supervisión administrativa imperial de la aplicación de las leyes durante la dinastía constantiniana
Authors: Moreno Resano Esteban
Published: December 2015

Constantino y sus sucesores, Constancio II, Constante y Juliano, expresaron su particular interés por supervisar la aplicación de determinadas leyes imperiales mediante el uso de la fórmula ad nostram scientiam referatur y de otras similares. Constantino fue el príncipe que la empleó con más frecuencia, especialmente durante el período de 313-324, exceptuando el intervalo de 315-316, cuando la confrontación con Licinio le obligó a renunciar a atender directamente las cuestiones administrativas. La progresiva disminución de la inclusión de estas cláusulas en los textos legales imperiales a partir de la unificación del Imperio en 324 se debe poner en relación con la aparición de los curiosi y luego de los agentes in rebus, como oficiales encargados de vigilar la observancia de las normas vigentes.
Profesionales de la educación en la Hispania romana
Authors: Alonso Alonso Mª Ángeles
Published: December 2015

La epigrafía latina nos ha legado el recuerdo de doce docentes y un grupo de maestros de escuela en Hispania. Los diferentes textos, la mayoría de carácter funerario y procedente del ámbito urbano, nos aportan información acerca de las funciones que estos profesionales desempeñaron en la sociedad hispana, así como del contexto socio-jurídico del que provenían. En este sentido, la pieza más valiosa es la inscripción dedicada a un gramático llamado L. Memmius Probus en la antigua Tritium Magallum, gracias a la cual conocemos las circunstancias concretas en las que trabajó este educador.
Variables asociadas al uso, socialización y riesgo de los jóvenes frente a los dispositivos portátiles inteligentes con conectividad a Internet. El caso de la educación secundaria pública mexicana
Authors: León Duarte Gustavo Adolfo , Caudillo Ruiz Dora Yéssica , Contreras Cázarez Carlos René
Published: December 2015

En el artículo se discuten los hallazgos del tercer diagnóstico anual consecutivo que entre 2012 y 2014 mide las variables asociadas al uso, consumo y socialización que presentan los jóvenes estudiantes de secundarias públicas de la Ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora (México) frente a las tecnologías digitales y a los dispositivos portátiles con conexión a Internet. El estudio busca también identificar las variables asociadas al riesgo, su reacción ante el mismo y los hábitos o medidas de seguri-dad que adoptan los jóvenes o sus padres y profesores en la utilización de dichas tecnologías. Se trata de una investigación con financiamiento externo. Utiliza el multiplismo crítico como perspec-tiva teórica interdisciplinar y estrategias metodológicas que devienen de un modelo mixto integrado que permite el análisis de datos de manera transversal y temporal. Contempla dos fases metodológicas y una combinación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. El análisis cuantitativo exami-nó la aplicación de 2.907 cuestionarios. La fase cualitativa evalúa la implementación de siete grupos focales.
Dissolving Innovation in Meltwater: Copyright and Online Search
Authors: Herman Bill D.
Published: December 2015

Internet search engines serve an ever-more-pressing need. They rely heavily on leeway under copyright law; in the United States, that primarily means fair use. A 2013 decision, Associated Press v. Meltwater, advances an unsupported, highly limiting interpretation of fair use as it applies to search. Of particular concern, the court artificially constrains which services meet the legally favorable standard of having a transformative purpose. The ruling also provides too much protection for highly factual works. This article offers a detailed critique of the court's analysis and a discussion of the ruling's broader context and significance for news producers and search firms.
Microdialysis Sampling of Renal Interstitial Fluid in Acute Studies
Authors: Alanazi Wael , Fakhruddin Selim , Jackson Keith E.
Published: December 2015

The microdialysis technique has been applied extensively during the last three decades where most of the research has focused primarily on the site of action. The microdialysis probe was developed for collection of interstitial fluid as well as delivering drugs to the target site. In comparison with other methods, the microdialysis technique has delivered more accurate results with minimal invasive procedures. Initially, the microdialysis technique was designed to quantitate dopamine levels in cerebral tissues, which facilitated the applications of this technology as a sampling tool. Presently the microdialysis technique has been applied to various organs such as the heart, kidney, and liver. In the current report, we describe the principle of the microdialysis technique and its application in in-vivo studies. Specifically, the present review provides the adaptation of this method in renal acute studies. However, the rationale for this report is to demonstrate that the microdialysis technique can be used to collect renal interstitial fluid in real time with no effect on the hemodynamic function.
Association between Accounting Numbers and Value of Food and Beverages Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Terzungwe Nyor , Rabiu Nasiru
Published: December 2015

The degree of statistical relationship between the contents of financial statements and market price of equity is what is termed Value relevance of accounting information. It explains stock market measures using financial information variables and it is a very useful guide to investors in pricing of shares. This study examines the extent of association between accounting information variables of earnings, dividend and book value of equity and market value of listed Food and Beverages firms in Nigeria. Data were collected from the published annual reports of the sampled firms and their market values obtained from the official daily list of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over a period of 10 years (2001-2010). Using multivariate regression as technique for data analysis, the study established that accounting information of Food & Beverages companies in Nigeria is value relevant. Accordingly, the study recommends the use of financial statements figures of Food and Beverages firms for investment decision.
Short-Term Price Effects of Stock Repurchases in Turkish Capital Markets
Authors: Pirgaip Burak , Karacaer Semra
Published: December 2015

Stock repurchase, as a corporate finance tool and a substitute for cash dividends, plays an important role in distributing excess cash. Following a prohibited period due to its potentially negative outcomes for shareholders and creditors, stock repurchase has recently been regulated within the company law systems of many countries pursuant to its increasing popularity in satisfying special financing requirements of companies. That the regulatory improvements have removed the uncertainty inherent in such transactions has increased the volume of, especially, the open market stock repurchases. Turkish legislation, i.e. Commercial Code and Capital Markets Law, has latterly been updated in accordance with EU acquis communautaire in order to allow stock repurchase for listed firms. We analyse movements in stock prices after stock repurchase transactions in order to make inferences about why stock repurchase is used and what its impacts/signals are in Turkish market at their infancy stage. Having followed a standard event study methodology, the results reveal that investor reaction to stock repurchase transactions is generally positive in the short-term. These results support the notion of a signaling hypothesis as a motivator behind stock repurchase decisions.
The Effect of the SEC’s Accelerated Filing Deadline on Earnings Timeliness
Authors: Ji Amy E.
Published: December 2015

I examine whether the accelerated 10-K filing deadline affects earnings timeliness. The SEC’s acceleration of the filing deadline of Form 10-K took effect in 2003. In proposing a new rule, the SEC asserted that the usefulness of the 10-K would increase because of the improved timeliness of the report. On the other hand, opponents claimed that the quality and accuracy of the report could be impaired. I compare timeliness of pre-acceleration period to that of post-acceleration period. Overall, my findings provide little support for the SEC’s claim that the accelerated deadline would improve timeliness of periodic reports.
Diabetinės neuropatijos problema ir gydymo ypatumai
Authors: Aleknaitė Aistė , Andrijauskaitė Monika , Simanauskas Kazys , Siradzė Gintarė
Published: December 2015

Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti diabetinės neuropatijos (DN) dažnį ir pasireiškimą tarp CD sergančiųjų ir įvertinti skirtą gydymą.
Tyrimo metodika. Darbas atliktas 2010–2013 m. VULSK „Šeimos medicinos centre“. Peržiūrėtos 253 asmenų, sergančių cukriniu diabetu, ambulatorinės kortelės. Duomenys išanalizuoti naudojant SPSS 21 programą. Skirtumas tarp grupių vertintas taikant statistikos metodą – χ2 testą.
Rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad DN dažnis, sergančiųjų 1  tipo CD, sudarė 77,4 %, 2 tipo CD – 58,5 %. Kojų polineuropatija nustatyta 61,4 % 1 tipo CD, 46,67 % 2 tipo CD pacientų, tirpimas – 35,4 % 1 tipo CD, 29,0 % 2 tipo CD pacientų. Neurologo konsultacija paskirta 90,2 % 1 tipo CD, 72,6 % 2 tipo CD pacientų. Dažniausiai skirtas medikamentinis gydymas B grupės vitaminais (1 tipo CD – 46,0 %, 2 tipo CD – 39,4 %).
Išvados. DN labai paplitusi CD komplikacija, daugiausia pasireiškianti kojų polineuropatija, o labiausiai varginantis simptomas – tirpimas. Daugeliu atvejų skirtas medikamentinis gydymas B grupės vitaminais.
High-risk prostate cancer: factors predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ulys Albertas , Ulytė Agnė , Dziameshka Pavel , Sukonko Oleg , Krasny Sergei , Polyakov Sergei , Smailytė Giedrė
Published: December 2015

Background/objective. Predictive criteria are needed to evaluate the risk of disease progression after radical prostatectomy. Such criteria would help to select patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant or multimodality treatment. Our aim was to identify predictive factors for biochemical recurrence among the  pre- and post-operative parameters in high-risk prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.
Methods. Data on high-risk prostate cancer patients between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed in two cancer centers: National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania, and N.  N.  Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. 199 patients were selected for the  study. The  pre-operative independent variables were T stage, pretreatment PSA level and Gleason score. Surgical margins and perineural invasion were additionally known for 122 patients. The outcomes measured were biochemical recurrence free and overall survival. The mean follow-up time was 5.8 years.
Results. Lower T stage (p = 0.001) and pretreatment PSA (p = 0.0001) were associated with better survival. In the multivariate analysis of pre-operative factors, high T stage (p = 0.008) and pretreatment PSA (p = 0.009) were predictive of biochemical recurrence. When postoperative parameters were included in the multivariate analysis, only pretreatment PSA (p = 0.01), positive surgical margins (p = 0.003) and perineural invasion (p = 0.03) remained relevant independent predictors of biochemical recurrence.
Conclusions. Pretreatment PSA, positive surgical margins and perineural invasion were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer patients, while the  T stage became insignificant after adjusting for postoperative parameters.
The near-atomic cryoEM structure of a flexible filamentous plant virus shows homology of its coat protein with nucleoproteins of animal viruses
Authors: Agirrezabala Xabier , Méndez-López Eduardo , Lasso Gorka , Sánchez-Pina M Amelia , Aranda Miguel , Valle Mikel
Published: December 2015

Flexible filamentous viruses include economically important plant pathogens. Their viral particles contain several hundred copies of a helically arrayed coat protein (CP) protecting a (+)ssRNA. We describe here a structure at 3.9 Å resolution, from electron cryomicroscopy, of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), a representative of the genus Potexvirus (family Alphaflexiviridae). Our results allow modeling of the CP and its interactions with viral RNA. The overall fold of PepMV CP resembles that of nucleoproteins (NPs) from the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae), a group of enveloped (-)ssRNA viruses. The main difference between potexvirus CP and phlebovirus NP is in their C-terminal extensions, which appear to determine the characteristics of the distinct multimeric assemblies – a flexuous, helical rod or a loose ribonucleoprotein. The homology suggests gene transfer between eukaryotic (+) and (-)ssRNA viruses.
Tenkning i sykepleie om eksklusjon av foreldre ved barns innleggelse i sykehus
Authors: Sundal Hildegunn , Petersen Karin Anna , Boge Jeanne
Published: December 2015

Analyses of textbooks in nursing, of photographs and numerous other documents suggest that parents had limited access to participate in the care for their hospitalized children in Norway in the period 1877-1940. The analyses are conducted in the tradition of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s writings on discipline. In accordance with Foucault’s understanding, it seems logical that ideas about parenting exclusion had impact even within the hospital health care system in the current era, provided the general separation of parents and children in the modern industrial society at large. In this perspective, exclusion of parents in the hospital health care system may be considered a consequence of employers’ interests with regard to productivity, the lack of welfare services for parents, and the fear of parents transmitting infections from the hospitals.
Skal – skal ikke. Jordmødre og psykiatriske sykepleieres erfaringer med varsling av avvik
Authors: Ulvund Ingeborg , Dale Karl Yngvar , Ødegård Atle
Published: December 2015

Patient Safety has a high priority on the national and international health care agenda. The incidence of adverse events is estimated to be too high and for a variety of reasons, a fair amount of such events are not reported. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore how midwives and mental health nurses experience and deal with adverse events. The study had a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 midwives and mental health nurses. The data analysis strategy was systematic text condensation. Two primary themes emerged from the interviews: a) Nurses have a moral obligation to report, and b) Adverse events puts the individual in a difficult situation. The findings suggest developing a clearer understanding of the relationship between individual and organizational factors. In addition, management is proposed as the key factor in establishing good practice for reporting. More research is required in order to understand the psychosocial aspects of reporting adverse events, and the dynamics involved in professional decision-making in patient safety activities.
Sykepleiestudenters læringsutbytte belyst gjennom to kunnskapsbaserte samarbeidsprosjekter. Fagutviklingsarbeid med studenter i hjemmesykepleiepraksis
Authors: Bjørsland Bente , Hov Reidun
Published: December 2015

Health services are constantly met by greater demands on offering the best treatment and care based on quality and research. For that reason health workers and teachers in health care institutions and universities are working evidence-based. Hedmark University College and Hamar municipality have collaborated in two projects. The aim of this article is to illuminate the students’ learning outcomes in palliative care after participated in two evidence-based projects. Different written guides for conversations with patients, next of kin and staff, a log-book and an evaluation form were developed. Results show that the students learned about the significance of continuity in patients’ pain relief, spiritual and existential needs, and about palliative care in the municipality. The students concluded that they in some areas experienced greater learning outcomes from working with evidence-based practice than in their ordinary practice in the municipality.
Far‐Field Radiative Wireless Power Transfer for Low‐Power Applications
Authors: Visser Hubregt J.
Published: December 2015

In this article the theory and practice of radiative wireless power transfer (RWPT) is discussed. The position of RWPT in the spectrum of power harvesting techniques is outlined and the history of RWPT, finding its origin in the electromagnetic radiation experiments of Heinrich Hertz, is briefly provided. Next, RWPT basics are explained, in particular antenna theory, the Friis transmission equation, and the impedance matching of an antenna to a rectifying circuit. The rectifying antenna (or rectenna) is discussed next and several prototypes are also presented in detail.
Investigating the performance of simplified neutral‐ion collisional heating rate in a global IT model
Authors: Zhu Jie , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: December 2015

The Joule heating rate has usually been used as an approximate form of the neutral‐ion collisional heating rate in the thermospheric energy equation in global thermosphere‐ionosphere models. This means that the energy coupling has ignored the energy gained by the ions from collisions with electrons. It was found that the globally averaged thermospheric temperature (Tn) was underestimated in simulations using the Joule heating rate, by about 11% when F10.7=110 solar flux unit (sfu, 1 sfu = 10−22 W m−2 Hz−1) in a quiet geomagnetic condition. The underestimation of Tn was higher at low latitudes than high latitudes, and higher at F region altitudes than at E region altitudes. It was found that adding additional neutral photoelectron heating in a global IT model compensated for the underestimation of Tn using the Joule heating approximation. Adding direct photoelectron heating to the neutrals compensated for the indirect path for the energy that flows from the electrons to the ions then to the neutrals naturally and therefore was an adequate compensation over the dayside. There was a slight dependence of the underestimation of Tn on F10.7, such that larger activity levels resulted in a need for more compensation in direct photoelectron heating to the neutrals to make up for the neglected indirect heating through ions and electrons.
Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Colored Cotton Fabrics with Tunable Colors and Durable Antibacterial and Self‐Healing Superhydrophobic Properties
Authors: Wu Mengchun , Ma Benhua , Pan Tiezheng , Chen Shanshan , Sun Junqi
Published: December 2015

Colored cotton fabrics with satisfactory color fastness as well as durable antibacterial and self‐healing superhydrophobic properties are fabricated via a convenient solution‐dipping method that involves the sequential deposition of branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F‐POSS) on cotton fabrics. The deposited AgNPs with tunable surface plasmon resonance endow the cotton fabrics with abundant color and and antibacterial ability. However, in general, water‐soluble AgNPs cannot be firmly deposited onto cotton fabrics to endure the laundering process. The integration of self‐healing superhydrophobicity into the cotton fabrics by depositing F‐POSS/AgNP/PEI films significantly enhances the color fastness of the AgNPs against laundry and mechanical abrasion, while retaining the antibacterial property of the AgNPs. The F‐POSS/AgNP/PEI‐coated cotton fabric accommodates an abundance of F‐POSS, which autonomically migrates to the cotton surface to repetitively restore its damaged superhydrophobicity. The self‐healing superhydrophobicity of the F‐POSS/AgNPs/PEI‐coated cotton fabric guarantees long‐term protection of the underlying AgNPs against laundry and abrasion and allows the cotton fabric to be cleaned by simple rinsing with water.
Influence of Electron Extracting Interface Layers in Organic Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Singh Chetan R. , Li Cheng , Mueller Christian J. , Hüttner Sven , Thelakkat Mukundan
Published: December 2015

The influence of different electron extracting interlayers such as calcium (Ca), zirconium acetylacetonate (ZrAcac), and a polyfluorene derivative (PFN) in combination with an aluminum (Al) cathode is investigated on the performance of bulk‐heterojuntion solar cells. Two different photoactive systems, P3HT:PC61BM and PDPP:PC71BM, are selected for this study. The electroabsorption measurements have been carried out for obtaining the built‐in voltage (Vbi) and transfer matrix simulations for the determination of parasitic absorption. The solar cell performance is influenced by different parameters such as diode turn‐on voltage, leakage currents, built‐in voltages, and parasitic absorption. The small diode turn‐on voltage and high parasitic absorption in Ca contact devices limit the open circuit voltage and short circuit current, respectively. Likewise, high leakage currents using ZrAcac contact limit the fill factor in P3HT:PC61BM solar cell devices. However, the PFN‐based devices with small parasitic absorption, smaller leakage currents, and a relatively high Vbi show maximum performance with both material systems. This work highlights the importance of choosing the suitable interlayers in device optimization and clearly demonstrates that not only the low work function of an electron extracting interlayer but also its optical properties and charge selectivity significantly influence the final solar cell performance.
Constructing Ru/TiO2 Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO2/TiO2 Heterojunction and Ru/TiO2 Schottky Junction
Authors: Gu Quan , Gao Ziwei , Yu Sijia , Xue Can
Published: December 2015

Photocatalysts based on metallic Ru and RuO2 dual co‐catalysts modified TiO2 nanobelts (NBs) are constructed through a wet‐impregnation reduction method with post thermal oxidation. The samples are characterized carefully and their photocatalytic activities for the half reactions of water splitting as well as full water splitting are evaluated systematically under solar light irradiation. The detailed characterizations and analyses clearly reveal the formation of a Schottky junction at the Ru‐TiO2 interface and of RuO2/TiO2 heterojunctions. The results of the photocatalytic tests show that both Ru and RuO2 can improve the photocatalytic activity for H2/O2 evolution and water splitting. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NBs can be further enhanced by co‐modification with dual Ru and RuO2 co‐catalysts. The RuO2/TiO2 heterojunction improves the transfer of the photogenerated holes from the TiO2 to the RuO2, where water can be oxidized by the holes to evolve O2, and the Ru/TiO2 Schottky junction promotes the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the TiO2 NBs to the metallic Ru for proton reduction into H2. These two processes are involved in the overall water splitting. This work provides an important reference for designing highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting through loading of dual co‐catalysts containing the same element but with different valence structures.
Metal‐Free α‐C(sp3)−H Functionalized Oxidative Cyclization of Tertiary N,N‐Diarylamino Alcohols: Construction of N,N‐Diarylaminotetrahydropyran Scaffolds
Authors: Afzal Sualiha , Venkanna Arramshetti , Park Hyeung‐geun , Kim Mi‐hyun
Published: December 2015

Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method for the preparation of anomeric N,N‐diarylaminotetrahydropyran scaffolds. The free radical 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)/hypervalent iodine(III)‐ or TEMPO/I2‐mediated oxidative cyclization of tertiary amino alcohols was used to construct N,N‐diarylaminotetrahydropyrans through α‐C(sp3)−O bond formation, with the loss of only two H atoms. This efficient synthetic method broadens the scope of viable α‐C(sp3)−H functionalized amines to include conformational‐bias‐free substrates.