bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of an adaptive, hinge-less, and highly shear stiff structure for morphing skins
Authors: Ott Valentin , Keidel Dominic , Kölbl Michael , Ermanni Paolo
Published: December 2019

In this article, a novel shear stiff, hinge-less, and truss-like structure for morphing skins is presented and investigated. Adaptive skins are an essential component of morphing wings, which enable perimeter length changes with low deformation energy requirements and increase the efficiency of the morphing system. Based on fundamental considerations for morphing skins, a high shear to morphing stiffness ratio is targeted. The underlying deformation energies for compliant structures are evaluated and provide the basis for the developed geometry of the novel structure. The sizing parameters of the structure are optimized for shear stiffness and morphing stiffness by an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm. A representative geometry is manufactured and tested to verify the nonlinear simulations for shear and morphing stiffness. Furthermore, various cover options forming the aerodynamic surface were investigated and compared in terms of out-of-plane deformations and for their interaction with the underlying structure. The chosen concept, comprising of the novel substructure and sliding covers, exhibits superior performance, reaching a shear to morphing stiffness ratio up to 300, while forming a closed aerodynamic surface.
The Evolution of Simulation-Based Learning Across the Disciplines, 1965–2018: A Science Map of the Literature
Authors: Hallinger Philip , Wang Ray
Published: December 2019

Background. Simulation-based learning (SBL) has been applied and studied in educational settings for at least six decades. While numerous reviews of research have been conducted from different perspectives, none to date have used bibliometric methods to analyze the evolution of simulation-based learning as a ‘knowledge base’.

Aim. The review sought to document the growth and geographic distribution of research on SBL. In addition, the review aimed to identify key authors and documents, and analyze the intellectual structure of this knowledge base. Finally, the review highlighted emerging topics in this literature.

Method. The authors identified 2,812 Scopus-indexed SBL documents published between 1965 and 2018. Bibliographic data were exported from Scopus and analyzed using VOSviewer software. Analyses included descriptive statistics, citation and co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis.

Results. The review found a rapidly increasing publication trajectory with 90% of the literature published since 2000. Although SBL studies have been authored in 94 different countries, the literature is concentrated in Anglo-American-European societies. The review found that the intellectual structure of this knowledge base is comprised of four schools of thought encompassing research on SBL in management education, medical education, technology-enhanced SBL, and learning theories in SBL. Another notable finding was that SBL researchers in medical and management education have progressed on parallel tracks leading to the balkanization on knowledge. Surprisingly, the conceptual core of the field is located in the school of thought associated with learning theories in SBL. This implies that SBL is a subfield of education rather than a discipline in and of itself. Emerging topics that have attracted scholars writing on SBL in recent years are identified and implications for future research discussed.
Active Instruction for Co-Teachers in a Support Role
Authors: King-Sears Margaret E. , Jenkins Melissa C.
Published: December 2019

One-teach/one-assist and one-teach/one-observe are the two most widely used co-teaching models. Special educators often take on the support role when these models are used. At times, co-teachers in the support role may be unclear about how to implement active instructional practices that engage students and improve student outcomes. In this article, opportunities to respond and contingent support are described as two research-based practices that can be implemented by co-teachers in the support role.
Evaluation of Hindfoot Alignment After Fixed- and Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Prostheses
Authors: Usuelli Federico G. , Maccario Camilla , Indino Cristian , Manzi Luigi , Romano Fausto , Gross Christopher E.
Published: December 2019

Background:

End-stage ankle arthritis can involve malalignment of the ankle in both the coronal and sagittal planes. Up to 33% to 44% of patients who present for total ankle replacement (TAR) have greater than 10° of coronal plane deformity. Normalization of the sagittal and coronal alignment is key in improving survivorship and functional outcomes in TAR. In the present study, we analyzed how both the ankle and hindfoot alignment for both a fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing TAR system changed over time. Specifically, we measured coronal and sagittal alignment of both the ankle and hindfoot complex.

Methods:

A retrospective study was performed on 2 independent groups of patients undergoing 2 different systems for total ankle replacement: Zimmer (lateral approach, fixed-bearing) and Hintegra (anterior approach, mobile bearing). Specific demographic data and radiographic data were measured. Within-group comparisons were performed using 1-way repeated measures ANOVA, analyzing the temporal course of clinical data within the Hintegra and Zimmer groups.

Results:

At the ankle joint, as measured by the α and β angles ( P > .05), the position of the components remained relatively similar in both the fixed- and mobile-bearing TAR at 24-month follow-up. The sagittal alignment, as measured by the TT (tibiotalar) ratio, demonstrated a posterior shifting of the talus in the mobile bearing group ( P = .036). Although the fixed- and mobile-bearing TAR had both significant hindfoot alignment improvement between the preoperative radiographs and at 24 months, over time, the fixed-bearing ankle had a significant increase in both the hindfoot alignment view angle and hindfoot alignment distance ( P < .001), suggesting a possible dynamism of the hindfoot in the fixed-bearing TAR.

Conclusion:

The lateral-approach fixed and anterior approach mobile-bearing implants maintained coronal and sagittal alignment in the short term; the temporal course of the lateral approach fixed-bearing ankle showed an increase in the valgus positioning of the hindfoot. The anterior approach mobile-bearing implant maintained its hindfoot alignment over the course of the study.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
Relationship of Preoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to Postoperative Success in End-Stage Ankle Arthritis
Authors: Waly Feras J. , Yeo Eng Meng Nicholas , Wing Kevin J. , Penner Murray J. , Veljkovic Andrea , Younger Alastair S. E.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Ankle osteoarthritis is a significant cause of pain and disability. Despite the effectiveness of treatments, a subset of patients remains with persistent pain and functional limitations. The purpose of this study was to use preoperative patient-reported outcome measures to predict which ankle osteoarthritis patients would be most likely to experience postoperative improvements in functional outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was used to evaluate 427 patients with end-stage ankle arthritis with 5-year follow-up. Demographics, comorbidities, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), Ankle Arthritis Score (AAS), and the physical and mental component scores of the Short Form–36 (SF-36 Physical Components Score [PCS] and Mental Components Score [MCS]) were collected. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was then calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to choose the optimal threshold values of preoperative patient-reported outcome measure and assess the prediction performance.

Results:

Patients who scored worst at preoperative baseline made the greatest gains in function and pain relief, and they had a high chance of achieving MCID following surgical treatment. ROC curves demonstrated that preoperative AOS, AAS, and SF-36 PCS and MCS scores were predictive of postoperative improvements in physical and mental function. Patients with preoperative AOS score above 45.7 had an 83% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.67). Similarly, patients with a preoperative AAS score above 25.7 had a 78% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.63). Patients with a preoperative SF-36 PCS score below 31 had a 62% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.64). Patients with a preoperative SF-36 MCS below 52.7 had a 47% probability of achieving an MCID (AUC = 0.89). MCIDs for AOS, AAS, SF3-36 PCS, and SF-36 MCS score changes were 12.4, 10.0, 6.43, and 8.1, respectively.

Conclusion:

Preoperative patient-reported outcomes measures could predict postoperative improvement in ankle arthritis patients. The results of this study may be used to facilitate discussion between physicians and patients regarding the expected benefit of surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, prognostic comparative study.
Disinfectant potential in inactivation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-related adenoviruses by potassium peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Hashizume Mei , Aoki Koki , Ohno Shigeaki , Kitaichi Nobuyoshi , Yawata Nobuyo , Gonzalez Gabriel , Nonaka Hirotaka , Sato Seiichi , Takaoka Akinori
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to test the antiviral effectivity of potassium peroxymonosulfate (RUBYSTA®, KYORIN) against five epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-related types of Human adenovirus D in vitro.

Methods:

Five types of Human adenovirus D (8, 37, 53, 54 and 56) were incubated with 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or alcohol-based disinfectant for 30 s or 1 min. These solutions were subjected to measurements of viral titres by infection assays in A549 cells. At day 6 post-infection, both, supernatants and cells, were collected and the viral genome was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results:

Treatments with 1% potassium peroxymonosulfate led to significant reduction in all tested Human adenovirus D types comparable to disinfecting effects by 0.1% NaClO. Overall, potassium peroxymonosulfate demonstrated sufficient inactivation of the major epidemic keratoconjunctivitis-causing Human adenovirus D to be considered for disinfection and prevention purposes in ophthalmological clinics and hospitals.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that potassium peroxymonosulfate is a promising disinfectant for the prevention of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis nosocomial infections in ophthalmological clinics.
Treatment of submacular hemorrhage with tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Sniatecki Jan Janusz , Ho-Yen Gregory , Clarke Benjamin , Barbara Ramez , Lash Stephen , Papathomas Thomas , Antonakis Serafeim , Gupta Bhaskar
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate visual and anatomic outcomes following pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal or subretinal tissue plasminogen activator for submacular hemorrhage in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study on patients with a minimum follow-up of 12 months undertaken at a tertiary referral center. Data collected include demographic details, visual and optical coherence tomography changes, surgical details, and complications. Surgical results were compared with patients who were age and lesion size matched and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections alone.

Results:

There were 36 patients in surgical and 18 patients in control group. Patients in surgical arm had pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator with air 24 (67%), 6 (16%) with C3F8 gas, 1 (3%) with SF6 gas, 4 (11%) subretinal tissue plasminogen activator with air, and 1 (3%) with C2F6 as post-operative tamponade. Mean LogMAR in tissue plasminogen activator group at baseline was 1.56, and it was improved at all time points 1.06 at 1 month (p < 0.05), 0.91 at 6 months (p < 0.05), and 1.07 at 1 year (p < 0.05). Mean best corrected visual acuity in control group at baseline was 1.22LogMAR with no significant improvement at any time points: 1 month (1.27), 6 months (1.35), and 12 months (1.36). Complications included retinal detachment 5%, vitreous hemorrhage 7.5%, and cataract 19%.

Conclusion:

Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal (or subretinal) tissue plasminogen activator and pneumatic displacement can offer better outcome in comparison to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor alone in patients with submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration.
Risk factors for early flap misalignment following microkeratome-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis: A retrospective large database analysis
Authors: Friehmann Asaf , Mimouni Michael , Assad Negme , Rabina Gilad , Spierer Oriel , Nemet Achia , Kaiserman Igor
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

To determine factors associated with early flap misalignment following microkeratome-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included the right eyes of consecutive patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis procedure between 2005 and 2016 at Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they subsequently developed early flap misalignment.

Results:

A total of 14,582 eyes (mean age of patients: 32.4 ± 10.3 years) were included. Post-laser in situ keratomileusis early flap misalignment developed in 158 eyes (1.1%). Misalignment was more frequent during the spring (32.3% vs 22.8%, p = 0.003) and in a higher operating room temperature (23.34 ± 1.06 vs 22.98 ± 1.26, p < 0.001). In addition, in the misalignment group, there was a higher rate with the of use of the a Moria M2 microkeratome (rather than sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis microkeratome) head (55.2% vs 40.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for surgeon and year of surgery, high operating room temperature (odds ratio = 1.22, p = 0.006), treatment zone of 9.0 mm (as opposed to smaller treatment zones, odds ratio = 1.54, p = 0.04), and springtime (odds ratio = 1.58, p = 0.02) were associated with flap misalignment. There was a significant difference in misalignment rates between surgeons (p = 0.02).

Conclusion:

This study found that larger treatment zones, higher operating room temperature, operating during the spring, and the use of Moria M2 microkeratome were associated with increased flap misalignment rates. The association with operating room temperature and seasonal variation is of interest and merits further research.
Focal choroidal excavation and pitchfork sign in choroidal neovascularisation associated with choroidal osteoma
Authors: Rajabian Firuzeh , Arrigo Alessandro , Grazioli Alessio , Sperti Andrea , Bandello Francesco , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

To describe a complex case of choroidal osteoma complicated by choroidal neovascularisation and focal choroidal excavation and presence of pitchfork sign.

Methods:

A young female patient with confirmed diagnosis of choroidal osteoma was followed up for 5 years. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography (Spectralis HRA + OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was performed.

Results:

Optical coherence tomography showed the presence of a unilateral choroidal osteoma in the first visit which was later followed by the appearance of focal choroidal excavation. After 3 years, choroidal neovascularisation developed in choroidal osteoma area, with subretinal fluid, subretinal hyper-reflective material, hyper-reflective foci and pitchfork sign. Decalcification of the tumour was not noted in this patient. Treatment with one intravitreal injection of Aflibercept resulted in complete disappearance of subretinal fluid, subretinal hyper-reflective material, pitchfork sign and decreased hyper-reflective foci.

Conclusion:

Inflammatory response can be a propulsive element in the development of focal choroidal excavation and choroidal neovascularisation in choroidal osteoma patients.
Who owns intersectionality? Some reflections on feminist debates on how theories travel
Authors: Davis Kathy
Published: December 2019

Feminist scholars have increasingly expressed their worries about the depoliticization of intersectionality since it has travelled from its point of origin in US Black feminist theory to the shores of Europe. They have argued that the subject for which the theory was intended has been displaced, that Black feminists have been excluded from the discussion, and that white European feminists have usurped all the credit for intersectionality as theory. Intersectionality has been transformed into a product of the neoliberal academy rather than the helpmeet for social justice it was meant to be. This article explores three of the bones of contention in these debates about intersectionality and its travels. The author argues that they rest on notions of ownership that, while understandable, are untenable and, ultimately, counterproductive. A case will be made for taking a less proprietary stance toward critical theories and instead treating the travels of intersectionality as an occasion for dialogue rather than a contest over ownership.
Induced abortion and gender (in)equality in Europe: A panel analysis
Authors: Dema Moreno Sandra , Llorente-Marrón Mar , Díaz-Fernández Montserrat , Méndez-Rodríguez Paz
Published: December 2019

Induced abortion is a worldwide practice and its legalisation is a persistent demand of the women’s movement. Although in the academic literature there are numerous studies that address the study of fertility, nowhere near as much attention has been given to the analysis of induced abortion and its determining factors, and even less to the consideration of gender equality as a variable through which to understand it. This article focuses on the influence of gender equality on the rate of induced abortion in different European countries. To that end the authors have constructed an econometric panel data model with information from 26 European countries for the period 2006–2011. They have analysed comparative indicators of the gender gap in terms of education, employment and wages. In addition, they have taken into account sociodemographic covariables such as the average age of motherhood, the migration rate and the percentage of births to unmarried mothers in each country. Also, as contextual factors the authors used the Human Development Index and an indicator of the legislation on abortion in the countries studied, as well as the percentage of the population who identify as having religious beliefs. The results show that the induced abortion rate is conditioned not only by national legislation on abortion, but also by gender (in)equalities, specifically that as gender inequality decreases, so too does the frequency of induced abortions. These findings have clear political implications, showing as they do how improvements in the status of women, particularly with respect to their social and economic rights, impact on women’s reproductive decisions.
Caregiver burden: An increasing problem related to an aging cancer population
Authors: Jansen Leontien , Dauphin Stephanie , De Burghgraeve Tine , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Buntinx Frank , van den Akker Marjan
Published: December 2019

This prospective cohort study identified risk factors for the development of caregiver burden and included older cancer survivors, middle-aged cancer survivors, older patients without cancer and their caregivers. Overall, more than 16 per cent of caregivers experienced high-to-severe burden at baseline. This proportion remained stable after 1 and 3 years. Caregivers who experienced increased caregiver burden at baseline were at higher risk maintaining their caregiver burden over the following years. Caregiver burden was not related to the cancer diagnosis but rather to the baseline psychosocial well-being of both the caregiver and patient and the physical condition of the patient.
At the Queen’s Hall with E.M. Forster and Jean Laplanche
Authors: Rizq Rosemary
Published: December 2019

In E.M. Forster’s novel Howards End, we are introduced to the way in which the characters in the story listen to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. In this article, I draw on the work of the French psychoanalyst Jean Laplanche to suggest that music constitutes an enigmatic cultural message that returns us to the ‘scene of primal seduction’; a myth of human origins that takes the encounter with an enigmatic other as constitutive of human subjectivity. Reading Howards End through the lens of Laplanche, I discuss how Forster’s characters respond to Beethoven’s message and conclude with a brief discussion about issues of inheritance and alterity.
States of exception, human rights, and social harm: Towards a border zemiology
Authors: Soliman Francesca
Published: December 2019

Crimmigration, that is, the merging of criminal and migration law, is receiving increasing attention within criminology. However, while crimmigration widens our understanding of coercion and punishment, it is a reductive lens through which to make sense of migration control. This article comprises three parts: first, I critique the concept of crimmigration, its conceptual foundations, and its methodological limitations. Second, I explore how migration control practice transcends both the state’s territory and sovereignty, using the example of the European Union’s policy of non-assistance, and argue that this policy evidences the need to move beyond crime-based categories in favour of a social harm-based approach. Lastly, I propose a zemiological methodology for the study of migration control, based on a critical realist view of society and building on Nancy Fraser’s idea of social justice. The resulting framework provides a coherent and empirically useful tool for the study of border-related harms.
Performative resilience: How the arts and culture support austerity in post-crisis capitalism
Authors: Newsinger Jack , Serafini Paula
Published: December 2019

Resilience is a key theme in contemporary post-crisis capitalism, prominent across government policy, popular discourses, business and management thinking and academia. This article is about the deployment of the concept of resilience in cultural policy and practice under conditions of austerity. It is based on an extensive engagement with literature, an analysis of cultural policy discourse and qualitative data drawn from 23 in-depth interviews with freelance cultural practitioners. The findings contribute to the literature on the politics of resilience in policy and society and the effects of austerity on culture. We adapt Robin James’ concept of resilience to show how arts leaders and practitioners generate performative narratives that seek to publicly represent their capacity to adapt to austerity, and we explore the different versions of resilience thinking that these narratives mobilise. We argue that resilience in cultural policy and practice unwittingly produces a discursive surplus which becomes reinvested in institutions, providing subsequent justification for the processes of post-crisis austerity itself.
Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality of cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and unspecified stroke in elderly men: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Håheim Lise Lund , Nafstad Per , Schwarze Per E. , Olsen Ingar , Rønningen Kjersti S. , Thelle Dag S.
Published: December 2019

Background: Stroke mortality comprises different specific diagnoses as cerebral infarction, different haemorrhagic conditions and unspecified stroke. This study seeks to explore the prediction of oral health indicators versus known cardiovascular disease risk factors for stroke mortality. Methods: Altogether, 12,764 men aged 58 to 77 years were invited to the health screening Oslo II in the year 2000. It included general medical measurements and questionnaire information. Mortality data were supplied by Statistics Norway for the 6530 attending men. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to establish prediction models for mortality. Results: Oral health by number of tooth extractions >10 was found to be an independent predictor for cerebral infarction hazard ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (1.24–6.89). This was independent of HDL-Cholesterol (inversely) hazard ratio = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (0.06–0.76), frequent alcohol consumption (drinking 4–7 times per week) hazard ratio = 3.58, 95% confidence interval (1.40–9.13) and diabetes hazard ratio = 4.28, 95% confidence interval (1.68–10.89). Predictors for cerebral haemorrhage were age, hs-C-reactive protein and body mass index (inversely). Age and total cholesterol (inversely) were predictors for unspecified stroke. Conclusions: Oral health measured by number of tooth extractions >10 was an independent predictor for cerebral infarction in addition to age, HDL-C, hs-C-reactive protein and diabetes. The pattern of risk factors varied between the specific stroke diagnoses.
An investigation of the cooling performance of air-conditioning systems in seven Chinese hub airport terminals
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Liu Xiaohua , Zhang Tao , Li Lingshan
Published: December 2019

Airport terminals are key infrastructures with rapid development currently, where the air-conditioning (AC) systems aim to guarantee the normal operation. This research investigated the AC systems in seven Chinese hub airport terminals by a large-scale on-site measurement. The average annual electricity consumption was 177 kWh/(m2 · year), in which 30–60% was consumed by AC systems. The terminal device of AC systems is one of the key components restricting the cooling performance. The commonly used terminal devices (i.e. air handling units) accounted for 40–74% of the AC electricity consumption. As an alternative, the AC system combining radiant floor and displacement ventilation could save 34% of the AC electricity consumption in one investigated airport terminal. Furthermore, the designed cooling capacities were 132–176 W/m2, while the measured values were only 43–90 W/m2. Thus, the AC systems, especially the terminal devices, should have the ability to adjust cooling capacity over a wide range to cope with this prevailing situation of low load rates. This study is beneficial for the design and operation of AC systems in airport terminals.
The longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and self-objectification and appearance concerns among adolescents
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Xie Xiaochun , Fardouly Jasmine , Vartanian Lenny R , Lei Li
Published: December 2019

A few cross-sectional studies have found that selfie-related behaviors have positive associations with self-objectification or appearance concerns, but little is known about whether bidirectional relationships exist between selfie behaviors and these body-related variables over time. The present study examined the reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and both self-objectification and appearance concerns among adolescents using a longitudinal design. Chinese adolescent boys and girls completed questionnaires at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The key constructs included selfie-posting, selfie-editing, selfie-viewing, self-objectification, facial dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction. Results indicated that selfie-editing, but not selfie-posting, predicted increases in adolescents’ self-objectification and appearance concerns (both body and face) over time. Selfie-viewing predicted increases in self-objectification and facial dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction over time. In the other direction, adolescents’ antecedent levels of self-objectification predicted increases in subsequent selfie-related behaviors. In addition, adolescents’ facial dissatisfaction positively predicted selfie-viewing and selfie-editing but not selfie-posting over time, whereas body dissatisfaction had no influence on subsequent selfie-related behaviors among adolescents. Findings from this study provide new insights into the reciprocal relationships between selfie-related behaviors and body image.
Satisfaction with Braga (Portugal) and recommendation: A comparison between information coming from relatives/friends and from other sources
Authors: Remoaldo Paula , Vareiro Laurentina , Ribeiro J Cadima , de Abreu Jéssica , Bettencourt Ana MS
Published: December 2019

Recommendation from family and friends is considered to be the most credible source in the travel decision-making process. Since studies on destination loyalty focus on this variable, this study investigated tourists’ motivations, perceived attributes of the city and satisfaction obtained from the visit by comparing the following two groups: those who indicated that they obtained travel information from relatives/friends ( n =  120) and those who obtained information from other sources ( n =  186). The research methodology consists of a quantitative approach based on a self-administered survey applied to travellers who visited Braga (a medium sized city located in the Northwest of Portugal), during 2017. The results indicated that there were some significant differences between the two groups with respect to demographic characteristics, tourists’ motivations and perceived attributes of the city. However, the groups did not differ in their global image of the destination and intention to recommend it to relatives and friends.
Effects of dual blockade in heart failure and renal dysfunction: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Alessandra Rodrigues , Martini Alexandre Goes , Canto Graziela De Luca , Guerra Eliete Neves da Silva , Neves Francisco de Assis Rocha
Published: December 2019

Objective:

The effect of dual renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition in heart failure (HF) is still controversial. Systematic reviews have shown that dual RAS blockade may reduce mortality and hospitalizations, yet it has been associated with the increased risk of renal dysfunction (RD). Surprisingly, although RD in patients with HF is frequent, the effect of combining RAS inhibitors in HF patients with RD has never been studied in a meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials involving HF patients with RD who received dual blockade analyzing death, cardiovascular (CV) death or HF hospitalization, and adverse events.

Results:

Out of 2258 screened articles, 12 studies were included (34,131 patients). Compared with monotherapy, dual RAS inhibition reduced hazard ratio of death to 0.94 ( p=0.07) and significantly reduced CV death or HF hospitalization to 0.89 ( p=0.0006) in all individuals, and to 0.86 ( p=0.005) in patients with RD and to 0.91 ( p=0.04) without RD. Nevertheless, dual RAS blockade significantly increased the risk of renal impairment (40%), hyperkalemia (44%), and hypotension (42%), although discontinuation of treatment occurs only in 3.68% versus 2.19% ( p=0.00001).

Conclusions:

Dual RAS inhibition therapy reduces the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization. However, cautions monitoring for specific adverse events may be warranted.
The graphics of carving
Authors: Thomson Ellen Mazur
Published: December 2019

The Graphics of Carving is a study of infographics - images used to teach a skill. Carving was once considered a vital accomplishment because it involved issues of social status, etiquette and hygiene. Beginning in the fifteenth century books of manners, cookbooks, and instructional texts included imagery and symbols to complement the written word. Rather than a decorative enhancement, carving illustrations served as instructional devices. Carving in public was once an essential part of European elite dining culture but as this culture changed, the persona of the carver and the audience for book illustrations that recorded his art were transformed. This article examines the evolving strategies designers employed to represent a complex manual task on a two-dimensional surface.
Odi et amo: Discursive strategies and ambiguity in the narratives of violence
Authors: Poppi Fabio Indìo Massimo , Verde Alfredo
Published: December 2019

Ambiguity plays a central role in how narratives about violence are told, but research has rarely taken into account the ambiguity used by criminals with complex motives. Drawing on narrative criminology, this contribution explores how ambiguity is deployed in the stories of violence publicly told in a television interview by Mario Mariolini, a paraphiliac Italian killer sentenced for homicide. The analysis of the narratives, in tandem with the discursive strategies therein, demonstrates that ambiguity is strategically used for different purposes. As a result, we identify three central narratives, each displaying different ways of making instrumental use of ambiguity. In contrast to the analysis of the ambiguity produced by ordinary criminals, this contribution shows how particular and severe criminal cases are better suited for the study of narratives about violence because of the more complex interplay between the ideological and communicative dimensions.
Integrated Chinese Herbal Medicine Therapy Improves the Survival of Patients With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chang Cherry Yin-Yi , Yang Pei-Yuu , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Li Te-Mao , Chiou Jian-Shiun , Chen Chao-Jung , Lin Ting-Hsu , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Ban Bo , Liang Wen-Miin , Lin Ying-Ju
Published: December 2019

Background: Ovarian cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely applied in Taiwan and has been used in integrated therapies to treat patients with cancer. Methods: Patients with ovarian cancer who were registered in the Taiwan Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients Database between 1997 and 2012 were considered for this study. A 1:1 individual matching by age was implemented. A total of 101 CHM users and 101 non-CHM users were involved. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to evaluate the hazard ratio of overall mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of the overall survival rate. Association rule mining and network analysis were used to analyze CHM prescription patterns. Results: CHM users showed a significantly lower risk of overall mortality than nonusers (hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval = 0.23-0.91; P = .0256; multivariate Cox proportional hazard model). The cumulative incidence of the overall survival probability was higher for CHM users than for non-CHM users (log-rank test, P = .0009). Association rule mining and network analysis suggested that the main CHM cluster was associated with the usage of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, Chuan-Xiong, and Xi-Xin, followed by the use of Bai-Shao, Da-Huang, and Di-Huang. Conclusions: CHM, as an adjunctive therapy, may reduce the overall mortality in patients with ovarian cancer. A list of herbal medicines that could potentially be used in future studies and clinical trials has also been provided.
Anticancer Properties of Curcumin and Interactions With the Circadian Timing System
Authors: De Arpan , Beligala Dilshan H. , Birkholz Tyler M. , Geusz Michael E.
Published: December 2019

The phytochemical curcumin is a major component of turmeric. It has recognized activity against cancer cells and affects several intracellular signaling pathways. Many molecules targeted by curcumin also regulate the circadian timing system that has effects on carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although the circadian clock within cells may be suppressed in tumors, cancer cells are subjected to daily hormonal and neural activity that should be considered when timing optimal curcumin treatments. Rapid curcumin degradation in blood and tissues provides a challenge to maintaining sustained levels suitable for inducing cancer cell death, increasing the need to identify when during the circadian cycle rhythmically expressed molecular targets are present. Curcumin is well tolerated by individuals ingesting it for possible cancer prevention or in combination with conventional cancer therapies, and it shows low toxicity toward noncancerous cells at low dosages. In contrast, curcumin is particularly effective against cancer stem cells, which are treatment-resistant, aggressive, and tumor-initiating. Although curcumin has poor bioavailability, more stable curcumin analogs retain the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimitotic, and pro-apoptotic benefits of curcumin. Anticancer properties are also present in congeners of curcumin in turmeric and after curcumin reduction by intestinal microbes. Various commercial curcuminoid products are highly popular dietary supplements, but caution is warranted. Although antioxidant properties of curcumin may prevent carcinogenesis, studies suggest curcumin interferes with certain chemotherapeutic agents. This review delves into the complex network of curcuminoid effects to identify potential anticancer strategies that may work in concert with daily physiological cycles controlled by the circadian timing system.
Early Outcomes of Scapholunate Injuries With Concomitant Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Duethman Nicholas C. , Aibinder William R. , Robinson Nathaniel L. , Moran Steven L. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: December 2019

Background: There is limited literature regarding the treatment of concomitant scapholunate ligament (SL) injuries in acute distal radius fractures (DRFs). We hypothesized that surgical treatment of SL injuries in adult patients with DRFs leads to improved functional outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review was made of 42 adult patients who underwent surgical treatment of a DRF with a SL injury between 2005 and 2013. In all, 39 of the 42 patients sustained an intra-articular DRF (AO B or C). SL injury was diagnosed by SL diastasis > 3 mm on posteroanterior (PA) radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, or with wrist arthroscopy. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 23 had a SL repair and were treated within 21 days of injury (acute), 8 underwent SL repair greater than 21 days from injury (subacute/chronic), and 11 did not undergo repair (non-operative). Median overall time to clinical follow-up was 5.1 years. Mayo Wrist Scores (MWS) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were used to evaluate functional outcome. Results: Clinical outcomes measured by the MWS at final follow-up (6 months-12 years) showed no significant differences between the 3 groups. Of patients treated acutely, 17.3% had good to excellent MWS. MWS at 1-year follow-up was 68.4, 70, and 64 in the acute, subacute/chronic, and non-operative groups, respectively. DASH scores were 16.7, 14.3, and 11.8 in the acute, subacute/chronic, and nonoperative groups, respectively, at a mean of 7.8 years. Conclusions: At mid-term follow-up, all 3 treatment groups had similar DASH scores to the general population. There were no statistical functional differences between any of the groups based upon MWS or DASH scores.
Isolation and Detection Technologies of Extracellular Vesicles and Application on Cancer Diagnostic
Authors: Ma Chunyan , Jiang Fan , Ma Yifan , Wang Jinqiao , Li Hongjuan , Zhang Jingjing
Published: December 2019

The vast majority of cancers are treatable when diagnosed early. However, due to the elusive trace and the limitation of traditional biopsies, most cancers have already spread widely and are at advanced stages when they are first diagnosed, causing ever-increasing mortality in the past decades. Hence, developing reliable methods for early detection and diagnosis of cancer is indispensable. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as circulating phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells, are found to play significant roles in the intercellular communication as well as the setup of tumor microenvironments and have been identified as one of the key factors in the next-generation technique for cancer diagnosis. However, EVs present in complex biofluids that contain various contaminations such as nonvesicle proteins and nonspecific EVs, resulting in the interference of screening for desired biomarkers. Therefore, applicable isolation and enrichment methods that guarantee scale-up of sample volume, purity, speed, yield, and tumor specificity are necessary. In this review, we introduce current technologies for EV separation and summarize biomarkers toward EV-based cancer liquid biopsy. In conclusion, a novel systematic isolation method that guarantees high purity, recovery rate, and tumor specificity is still missing. Besides that, a dual-model EV-based clinical trial system includes isolation and detection is a hot trend in the future due to efficient point-of-care needs. In addition, cancer-related biomarkers discovery and biomarker database establishment are essential objectives in the research field for diagnostic settings.
A mission planning method for multi-satellite wide area observation
Authors: Ji Hao-ran , Huang Di
Published: December 2019

Space-based Earth observation is now developing rapidly because of the advantages in coverage, convenience, and flexibility. However, it is difficult for one single satellite to realize the quick observation of wide areas. In order to catch all the significant information of a wide area in a short time, multi-satellite observation mission would be proposed. In this article, a mission planning method for online multi-satellite wide area observation is established to serve future multi-satellite observation missions. Firstly, a method for area division is proposed, and the whole area is divided into subareas. Then the multi-satellite observation path planning is realized by a strategy of path deduction. After that, a remaining time allocation method to maximize the observation gazing time of each subarea is proposed. Finally, the algorithms for the whole mission planning process are provided. Numerical simulations show that the mission planning method is able to ensure the complete coverage of different wide target areas, with high reliability and low computational complexity.
‘Enabling Periphereality’: Artistic Trajectories in a Peripheral City
Authors: Yavo-Ayalon Sharon
Published: December 2019

The common perspective on centre–periphery power relations views central cities as the source of cultural authority and legitimacy, the influence of which peripheral cities passively accept. By following theatre artists’ trajectories in the peripheral Israeli city of Acre, the article challenges this perception of the periphery as fundamentally inferior to the centre and focuses on how its environment enables artistic creativity. This perspective is developed through Bourdieu’s definition of trajectory alongside everyday practices, in the spirit of de Certeau. By adapting super-positioning from architectural practice the research combines urban spatial analysis with ethnography. The article first identifies the macro-social structures that define Acre and its theatre field as ‘peripheral’, it then exposes the everyday micro-practices of artistic trajectories that erode these larger, top-down social structures and juxtapose both social structures. This leads to the article’s main argument, that ascent within the peripheral cultural field proceeds according to different rules than in the centre, and to developing the notion of Enabling Periphereality to articulate those different conditions and rules.
A Micro-Level View of CSR: A Hospitality Management Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Guzzo Renata F. , Abbott JéAnna , Madera Juan M.
Published: December 2019

This study provides a systematic review of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the hospitality management literature over the last decade. In contrast to prior reviews, this article starts from a broader analysis, followed by a narrower, micro-level examination of the hospitality management literature that links CSR to customers’ and employees’ attitudes and behaviors. The findings of this review show that researchers study CSR primarily from a meso-level perspective of how CSR is developed and implemented by organizations, and how it influences financial performance. This study found that although employees have long been crucial stakeholders in service environments, hospitality researchers have only recently begun to focus on understanding the relationships between CSR and employee behaviors and attitudes. This study provides directions for future research by identifying research gaps and comparing the results of this review with those of organizational psychology and management reviews.
Acquired smooth muscle hamartoma: A case report on the lower extremity with hidrosis
Authors: Ladha Malika A , Remington Todd
Published: December 2019

Smooth muscle hamartomas are benign dermal proliferations of smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle hamartomas are sub-divided into congenital or acquired; the latter is a rare entity with less than 20 cases being reported in the English literature. Most often asymptomatic, acquired smooth muscle hamartomas follow an indolent course. Treatment in the form of surgical excision can be utilized for symptomatic or cosmetic purposes. Here, we report the first case of an acquired smooth muscle hamartomas of the shin which also uniquely presented with hidrosis. This case highlights the varied clinical spectrum of acquired smooth muscle hamartomas.
Challenges, Distrust, and Understanding: Employing Communicative Action in Improving Trust in a Public Medical Sector in Uganda
Authors: Akello Grace , Beisel Ulrike
Published: December 2019

We assessed how the everyday work challenges that frontline health workers (FRHWs) face in the government health sector in northern Uganda influence their trust in the Ministry of Health (MOH). We employed qualitative research techniques, including interviews and participant observation, over a 9-month period to examine FRHWs’ viewpoints about how the MOH should address these challenges in service delivery. One hundred and sixty-five FRHWs, of whom 48 were recruited for extensive follow-up, participated in our study. Key findings include distrust in the MOH is prevalent among FRHWs, there is a lack of trust in the organization’s coordination role in service delivery and this affects health care delivery to patients, interrelations, and provider cooperation. Therefore, restoring trust in government hospitals will require a truthful non-violent response by the MOH in its contractual agreement with FRHWs. In our analysis, we employ Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action.
Community Policing and the Engagement of Pastoral Terrorism in West Africa
Authors: Ejiogu Kingsley U.
Published: December 2019

Within a changing global consciousness for international guardianship of the targets of terrorism, this article explores the broad narratives, strengths, and limitations of adopting community policing for the control of herdsmen terrorism in West Africa. It follows the search by social engineering and criminal justice practitioners for a relational and experiential agent for social change against destructive terrorist tendencies and its eroding influence on the sensibilities of human civilization. The article frames an approach for creating a social policing environment in rural and poor communities along pastoral transhumance routes in West and Central Africa. The mass murder of indigenous communities by the migratory and transborder terror groups in this region is a crime against humanity. The adoption of the concept of “connected communities” is suggested to create a multilayered and all-involving intelligence community policing shield in individual communities under siege of the pastoralists.