bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONLINE FORUMS AND SOLICITED BLOGS: INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR ONLINE GAMING DATA COLLECTION
Authors: GRIFFITHS MARK D. , LEWIS ANDREA M. , ORTIZ DE GORTARI ANGELICA B. , KUSS DARIA J.
Published: November 2016

Badania prowadzone przez internet na temat gier online i ich użytkowników stają się coraz bardziej powszechne. Jednak naukowcy nadal rzadko wykorzystują dwa sposoby zbierania wyników, tj. (i) fora internetowe oraz (ii) prywatne blogi. Celem artykułu jest omówienie tych dwóch, niezbyt powszechnie znanych, metod zbierania danych i analiza zarówno zalet (np. łatwość zbierania danych, źródło różnorodnego i złożonego materiału tekstowego, które może być wykorzystane do analizy konkretnych zdarzeń, docieranie do specyficznych i/lub zróżnicowanych grup badawczych, zapewnienie anonimowości uczestnikom badania, nieobciążanie badanych, większy poziom szczerości itp.), jak i wad (np. brak informacji o warunkach badania, błędy w doborze prób badawczych, brak kontroli warunków badania przez badacza, brak wiedzy na temat zachowań uczestników badania, brak uogólnionych wyników). Artykuł może być pomocny dla tych naukowców, którzy prowadzą badania w obszarze gier online. Poszerza on zakres wcześniejszych prac, przedstawiając metodologiczne i etyczne problemy związane z wykorzystaniem forów i blogów w naukach społecznych. Mimo że prowadzenie badań za pośrednictwem Sieci może budzić obawy zarówno w odniesieniu do rzetelności, jak i do jakości zebranych wyników, to wykorzystanie i analiza treści zaczerpniętych z forów i blogów może dostarczyć nowych, cennych informacji. Zazwyczaj są one niemożliwe do pozyskania drogą innych metod badawczych stosowanych w analizie gier online i badaniu ich użytkowników.
METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF THE INTERNET FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: TEN SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: REIPS ULF-DIETRICH , BUCHANAN TOM , KRANTZ JOHN , MCGRAW KEN
Published: November 2016

Naukowcy, wydawcy oraz inni ludzie ze środowiska naukowego wykazali, i nadal wykazują, duże zainteresowanie i entuzjazm dla badań za pośrednictwem internetu. Badania metodologiczne dowiodły jednak istnienia szeregu wyzwań, które powinny zostać wzięte pod uwagę przez badaczy przy planowaniu swoich działań. Artykuł prezentuje sposoby rozwiązania dziesięciu problemów, pojawiających się dość powszechnie przy wykorzystaniu internetu w badaniach naukowych. Te przeszkody i sposoby rozwiązania to: powtórzenia lub wypełnianie przez tego samego użytkownika wielu ankiet, możliwość analizy różnic między grupami badawczymi, raportowanie zmiennych demograficznych uczestników ankiet internetowych, możliwość porównywania prób internetowych i laboratoryjnych, stabilność stosowanych narzędzi badawczych, międzynarodowy charakter internetu, możliwe zakłopotanie wynikające z badań online lub sposobu rekrutacji do niego, rezygnacje z badania i inne typy niskiego response rate, a także przekonanie, że badanie internetowe zawsze prowadzi do odmiennych wyników.
Poznawcza geneza języka a informacyjna struktura znaczenia
Authors: Buczkowska Janina
Published: November 2016

W pracy została przedstawiona propozycja wyjaśnienia różnorodnych aspektów, w jakich przejawia się znaczenie językowe w poznaniu i komunikacji z perspektywy poznawczej genezy języka. Język został ujęty jako element systemu reprezentacji poznawczych, w którym zachodzą określone procesy przetwarzania informacji. Procesy informacyjne w układzie poznawczym człowieka leżą u podstaw związku języka z poznaniem świata i działaniem użytkownika języka w świecie. Są też one źródłem znaczenia językowego i jego różnorakich funkcji informacyjnych. Przeprowadzona analiza pokazuje, że nie można mówić o jednej funkcji informacyjnej znaczenia. To, co uznajemy za znaczenie (w sensie informacji przekazanej przez wyrażenia w konkretnej sytuacji), nie jest jedną funkcjąjęzyka, taką samą we wszystkich wymienionych procesach, lecz wiązką różnych funkcji informacyjnych jakie pełni język, od znaczenia konwencjonalnego po kontekstowe. Takie ujecie zagadnienia pozwala wskazać wzajemne warunkowanie się różnych funkcji i aspektów znaczenia i ujmować je jako komplementarne a nie opozycyjne.
Filozoficzna myśl Roberta Boyle’a a stanowisko chrześcijańskiego teizmu naturalistycznego
Authors: Kazibut Radosław
Published: November 2016

Robert Boyle jest autorem oryginalnej koncepcji mediacji pomiędzy sferą religii a nauki. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane elementy myśli filozoficznej Boyle’a, które wyznaczają jego ujęcie zagadnienia relacji wiara a nauka. W literaturze przedmiotu poglądy Boyle’a kwalifikuje się często jako przykład podejścia nazywanego „koncepcją dwóch ksiąg” albo „Boga jako zapchaj dziury”. W artykule przedstawiono polemikę z tymi interpretacjami myśli Boyle’a i wskazuje się, że jego koncepcja jest bliska współczesnemu stanowisku chrześcijańskiego teizmu naturalistycznego.
KS. STANISŁAW OLEJNIK JAKO ŚWIADEK HISTORII TEOLOGII MORALNEJ
Authors: DERDZIUK ANDRZEJ
Published: November 2016

Jako uczestnik wydarzeń i kronikarz oraz interpretator rozwoju teologii mo- ralnej, ks. Olejnik jest szczególnym świadkiem historii teologii moralnej w Polsce. Zaangażowanie Profesora w prace naukową i dydaktyczną prowadzoną na kilku uczelniach, jego udział w pracach Sekcji Polskich Teologów Moralistów i Mię- dzynarodowej Komisji Teologicznej oraz w redakcjach czasopism teologicznych i osiągnięcia w dziedzinie promowania młodych naukowców są ważnym czynni- kiem w panoramie teologii moralnej w Polsce. Ks. Olejnik jest świadkiem historii, gdyż tworzył dzieje polskiej moralistyki w stopniu przewyższającym wielu innych naukowców. Istotnym elementem aktywnego świadczenia o przeszłości teologii moralnej są liczne publikacje, gdzie Ksiądz Profesor omawia uwarunkowania dwudziestego wieku oraz prezentuje swój wkład w rozwój tej dyscypliny. W tym zakresie na szczególną uwagę zasługuje jego wspomnieniowa książka Takie to były czasy, tacy to byli ludzie. Karty dziennika.
KOBIETA W ISLAMIE. MUZUŁMAŃSKI FEMINIZM?
Authors: Piwko Aldona Maria
Published: November 2016

Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy miejsca i funkcji kobiety w społeczności muzułmańskiej. Islam wyraźnie definiuje obowiązki ludzi względem Boga i między sobą. Kobieta została stworzona przez Boga, a jej szczególnym zadaniem jest urodzenie i wychowanie dzieci. Religia narzuca określone zachowanie kobiecie, wyrażone w ubiorze oraz stosowanymzachowaniu, którego najwymowniejszym przejawem jest chrakterystyczny dla kultury muzułmańskiej damski strój. Dominująca od wieków struktura społeczeństwa patriarchalnego w islamie, stałą się przyczyną zmian w świadomości kobiet. W XX wieku zaczęły powstawać ruchy kobiece, będące początkiem nurtu feminizmu muzułmańskiego. Feminizmw islamie posiada dwa główne nurty. Feminizm muzułmański dba o równydostęp kobiet do edukacji, ochrony zdrowia, praw obywatelskich. Feminizm islamski dąży do postrzegania kobiety zgodnie z nauką Koranu.
SPECYFICZNE CZYNNIKI WPŁYWAJĄCE NA HIGIENĘ ZDROWIA PSYCHICZNEGO KAPŁANÓW RZYMSKOKATOLICKICH
Authors: Sztajerwald Tomasz
Published: November 2016

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie specyficznych czynników, które wpływająna utrzymanie zdrowia psychicznego w życiu i pracy księży katolickich.Każdy człowiek spotyka się w swoim życiu ze stresem, który może wpływać mobilizująco lub niszcząco. W tym drugim przypadku, aby utrzymać równowagę psychiczną, należy korzystać z zasobów – zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych – które pozwalają przed nim się obronić. Artykuł nie tylko definiuje owe zasoby, ale przybliża też specyficzne przestrzenie w pracy księży rzymskokatolickich, które mogą utrudniać utrzymanie higieny zdrowia psychicznego. Stara się także uwrażliwić na konieczność dbania o higienę zdrowia psychicznego, jako niezbędnego elementu potrzebnego do osiągnięcia równowagi psychicznej.
SYNOD DIECEZJALNY, JEGO HISTORIA, STRUKTURA I ZNACZENIE W KOŚCIELE (REFLEKSJA KANONICZNO-PASTORALNA)
Authors: Rogala Krzysztof
Published: November 2016

Analiza dziejów instytucji synodów diecezjalnych, ukazuje iż potrzeba takich zebrań istniała już od pierwszych wieków Kościoła. Podyktowane potrzebą czasów nieformalne zebrania duchowieństwa, stopniowo przerodziły się w prawnie uregulowana instytucję. Troska o synody diecezjalne wyrażona została na wielu soborach powszechnych, które zwracały uwagę, by pielęgnować tą ważną dla poszczególnych Kościołów lokalnych instytucję. Istotne zmiany w strukturach synodów diecezjalnych, nadał im Sobór Watykański II, przewidując w obradach synodalnych udział osób świeckich. Od tego czasu synody przestały być zebraniami tylko duchowieństwa, ale brali w nich udział przedstawiciele wszystkich stanów w Kościele. Dzięki tym reformom, synody diecezjalne zaczęły bardziej odpowiadać pastoralnym potrzebom Kościoła i odpowiadać na współczesne potrzeby Ludu Bożego.
Metanephric Adenofibroma Masquerading as Wilms’ Tumor
Authors: Raj Prince , Khanolkar Ashwini , Sarin Yogesh Kumar
Published: November 2016

Metanephric adenofibroma is a rare, biphasic, benign tumor containing both stromal and epithelial components and could be potentially mistaken as Wilms tumor(WT). We present a 5-year-old girl with suspicion of metastatic Wilms’ tumor on radiological investigations/tru-cut biopsy and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Post excision final histopathology revealed it as metanephric adenofibroma. No postoperative chemotherapy was given.
Postoperative Ileocolic Intussusception in a Neonate with Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Singh Sudhir , Rawat J D , Singh Sarita
Published: November 2016

Please see fulltext
Giant Primary Epithelial Splenic Cyst in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Kajal Pradeep , Rattan Kamal Nain , Bhutani Namita , Bhalla Kapil
Published: November 2016

Please see fulltext
Severe Hematuria and Prevesical Hematoma after Open Ureterocystoneostomy: Sequel of Undiagnosed Hemophilia
Authors: Hisamatsu Eiji , Yoshino Kaoru
Published: November 2016

Please see fulltext
Anisotropic Nonlinear Elastic Model of Concrete and Secondary Development in ABAQUS
Authors: Sun Wei , Huang Yansheng
Published: November 2016

In order to solve the convergence problem of concrete constitutive in the softening phase, an anisotropic nonlinear elastic constitutive model (ANECM) was proposed, which was developed based on the uniaxial concrete constitutive relation in the Chinese code for design of concrete structures (GB 50010-2010). The user material subroutine (UMAT) based on ANECM is developed in ABAQUS software. The above UMAT is applied to analyze a simulation model in ABAQUS software. The result shows that compared to the default plastic-damage concrete constitutive in ABAQUS, ANECM is an effective and appropriate model to simulate the performance of concrete and it has improved the convergence problem.
Orthodontic Management with Traction and Asymmetric Extraction for Multiple Impacted Permanent Maxillary Teeth – A Case Report
Authors: Niu Qiannan , Zhang Liang , Dai Juan , Li Feifei , Feng Xue
Published: November 2016

Multiple impacted teeth are a rare eruption disturbance that increases the case complexity. In this article, we described a 13-year-old boy whose 5 permanent maxillary teeth were not erupted although their root formation was complete. The orthodontic treatment with traction and asymmetric extraction was performed to achieve a significantly improved functional and esthetic result.
Characterisation of Municipal Solid Waste for Planning Sustainable Waste Management in Kumba Municipality – South Western Cameroon
Authors: Tambe E.B. , Ayongwa G.C. , Ngwabie N.M. , Forbid G.T.
Published: November 2016

Municipal solid waste (MSW) characterisation across socioeconomic residents is necessary for planning sustainable solid waste management. In view of planning for Kumba municipality in the South West Region of Cameroon, three types of socioeconomic residents classified as low, medium and high income residential areas were randomly sampled. In each residential area, 32 households were sampled following systematic random sampling. Over a period of eight weeks within three periods characterised with varying activities, statistically designed number of samples for waste composition were hand sorted and weighed at source of generation. The study revealed that the per capita generation of putrescible and miscellaneous wastes (predominantly sand, ash and dust) were statistically different (p < 0.05) across residents and were inversely related to income while the generation of plastics, metals, papers, glass except textiles were statistically different across residents and were positively related to income. Putrescible waste was the most predominant waste category constituting more than 75% across residents. No significant differences were observed for per capita waste generation across residents during the entire period of study and within residents during the different periods over which the waste categories were measured. However, within the different periods, waste generation was significantly different across residents with more waste being produced in low income residents. The waste density was found to decrease with increasing income. The observed variation of waste generation and composition has implications for collection frequency, equipment needs, composting and digestion of the biodegradable for biogas generation to sustain the solid waste management sector.
Communal Conflict in Indonesia: Contagious or Latent Issues?
Authors: Sujarwoto Sujarwoto
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor sosial, ekonomi dan politik sengketa komunal yang terjadi di Indonesia dan menguji bagaimana sengketa komunal secara spasial terhubung antar kabupaten atau kota di seluruh Indonesia. Data bersumber dari Sensus Potensi Desa (Podes) tahun 2008 dan laporan statistik pemerintahyang berisi informasi mengenai sengketa komunal di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Indonesia (N kabupaten/kota= 465). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sengketa komunal di Indonesia terjadi akibat adanya faktor faktor laten di dalam kabupaten/kota. Dibandingkan dengan keragaman agama dan etnis, sengketa komunal memiliki hubungan kuat dengan kemiskinan, ketimpangan ekonomi, elite capture dan lemahnya kapasitas kabupaten/kota dalam mengelola sumber-sumber fiskal daerah.
Perjuangan Gerakan Buruh Tidak Sekedar Upah Melacak Perkembangan Isu Gerakan Buruh di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Zuhdan Muhammad
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to track issues championed by the labor movement aft er the reform. The ﬁ rstthesis of this paper behold issue championed labor movement is not merely a matt er of wage increases. Thispaper focus on championed issue by the labor movement in the post-reformation Indonesia. The reasons forselecting this theme is to expand the public’s view on the issue of labor which has always been synonymouswith wage when the labor movement has long roots and a tradition of thought that labor issues are always dialectical and dynamic with the changing socio-political structure. The results of this study indicate that the issue of the labor movement in the post-reformation Indonesia no longer dwell on the issue of wageincrease alone but develops progressively in the direction of political issues that is identical to the New Left movement, ranging from labor issues Go Politics, anti-neoliberalism, gender, human rights, democracy,citizenship, public policy, etc.
Kewargaan Inklusif sebagai Paradigma Alternatif Pelayanan Publik
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: November 2016

This article traces to endeavor the concept of public services in the practice of inclusive citizenship.Contextualization of citizens should be important to be argued in order state eﬀ ort to fulﬁ lling its citizenbasic needs. There are three major schools of public service regime; the liberal, social democratic, andsocial investment wherein each paradigm gives a diﬀ erent sense of the citizens. Liberal regime deﬁ nescitizen guaranteed to choose their public service patt ern, amidst state or market. Social democratic regimeemphasizes obligatory state in terms of public services for its citizens. Meanwhile, the social investmentact rationally in providing services to its citizens. The paradigm of Inclusive citizenship emerges as a form of alternative response of the third paradigm in providing public services and comprehensive democratic to every citizen. Implementation of inclusive citizenship toward public service reform is urging and signiﬁ cantto recommend how far and beyond state posited citizen as their client who must be served vice versa. Thisarticle will elaborate more on the meaning of inclusive citizenship in the public service.
The Art of Self-Fashioning, or Foucault on Plato and Derrida
Authors: Miller Paul Allen
Published: November 2016

This paper examines Foucault's reading of Plato and ancient philosophy as part of his continuing dialogue and debate with Derrida. It contends that this debate not only in part motivates Foucault's turn to antiquity, but also is directly revelatory of the most basic differences between Foucault's and Derrida's conceptions of philosophy.
'Critique' as Technology of the Self
Authors: Sharpe Matthew
Published: November 2016

This inquiry is situated at the intersection of two enigmas. The first is the enigma of the status of Kant's practice of critique, which has been the subject of heated debate since shortly after the publication of the first edition of The Critique of Pure Reason. The second enigma is that of Foucault's apparent later 'turn' to Kant, and the label of 'critique', to describe his own theoretical practice. I argue that Kant's practice of 'critique' should be read, after Foucault, as a distinctly modern practice in the care of the self, governed by Kant's famous rubric of the 'primacy of practical reason'. In this way, too, Foucault's later interest in Kant - one which in fact takes up a line present in his work from his complementary thesis on Kant's Anthropology - is cast into distinct relief. Against Habermas and others, I propose that this interest does not represent any 'break' or 'turn' in Foucault's work. In line with Foucault's repeated denials that he was interested after 1976 in a 'return to the ancients', I argue that Foucault's writings on critique represent instead both a deepening theoretical self-consciousness, and part of his project to forge an ethics adequate to the historical present.
Organised crime: The perspective of prevention policy
Authors: Milosavljevic Branislav
Published: November 2016

Organized crime as a negative social phenomenon is certainly a problem of the
state and its services. To effectively counter organized crime a basic
prerequisite is knowledge of conditions or circumstances that contribute to
its existence and operation. It is, therefore, very important to determine
the most criminogenic factors that promote organized criminal activity in
certain areas of the country. In this paper, in addition to general
considerations on the concept of prevention, a special attention is given to
factors that may adversely affect the expression of organized crime. These
factors are presenting a solid basis for further operationalization in order
to determine the possibility of manifestation of organized crime.
Determination of their role is of particular importance because they have a
wide use, primarily in preventive countering organized crime. However, the
dynamism and flexibility of organized crime social changes require constant
monitoring and updating of existing factors for an objective knowledge of the
impact on the expression and activity of organized crime.
From epidemics to terrorism: Infective agents as specific security risk in contemporary world
Authors: Ristanovic Elizabeta
Published: November 2016

Infectious diseases are recognized as one of the leading security risks in
the changing security architecture of the contemporary world, because of the
dimensions of the possible consequences that can provoke, as evidenced by the
epidemics that changed the history of mankind in the past (plague, smallpox,
Spanish influenza) and the consequences that have been left behind the
epidemic of Ebola or AIDS as interplanetary plague of the new era. Migrations
and climate changes present the risk of emergency of new or increasing the
incidence of existing infectious diseases. Misuse of microorganisms and their
products for terrorist purposes-bioterrorism, today also represents a major
security risk and real danger, especially because of the possibility of
misuse of genetic engineering and biotechnology for the improvement of
biological weapons. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the resources at
the national and international level for an adequate response to the possible
epidemics, as well as prevention and response in the event of bioterrorist
acts.
Numerical study of forced convection heat transfer over three cylinders in staggered arrangement immersed in porous media
Authors: Sayehvand Habib-Olah , Yari Sakene , Basiri Parsa
Published: November 2016

Staggered arrangement is one of the common configurations in heat exchangers that make better mixing of flow and heat transfer augmentation than other arrangements. In this paper forced convection heat transfer over three isothermal circular cylinders in staggered configuration in isotropic packed bed was investigated. In this work laminar 2-D incompressible steady-state equations of momentum and energy were solved numerically by finite volume method. Simulation was done in three Reynolds numbers of 80, 120, and 200. The results indicate that, using porous medium the Nusselt number enhanced considerably for any of cylinders and it presents thin temperature contours for them. Also is shown that by increasing Reynolds number, the heat transfer increased in both channel but the growth rate of it in porous media is larger. In addition, results of simulation in porous channel show that with increasing Peclet number, heat transfer increased logarithmically.
An experimental study of the thermal performance of the square and rhombic solar collectors
Authors: Noghrehabadi Aminreza , Hajidavaloo Ebrahim , Moravej Mojtaba , Esmailinasab Ali
Published: November 2016

Solar collectors are the key part of solar water heating systems. The most widely produced solar collectors are flat plate solar collectors. In the present study, two types of flat plate collectors, namely square and rhombic collectors are experi?mentally tested and compared and the thermal performance of both collectors is investigated. The results show both collectors have the same performance around noon (?61%), but the rhombic collector has better performance in the morning and afternoon. The values for rhombic and square collectors are approximately 56.2% and 53.5% in the morning and 56.1% and 54% in the afternoon, respectively. The effect of flow rate is also studied. The thermal efficiency of rhombic and square flat plate collectors increases in proportion to the flow rate. The results indicated the rhombic collector had better performance in comparison with the square collector with respect to the mass-flow rate.
Modelling of the conjugate natural convection in a closed system with the radiant heating source radiant energy distribution by Lambert’s cosine law
Authors: Kuznetsov Geniy , Nee Alexander
Published: November 2016

Various types of emitters are often used as energy sources in real engineering systems and technological processes. Investigations of heat transfer basic laws in such systems are of interest. We conducted mathematical modelling of conjugate heat transfer in a closed rectangular cavity under conditions of radiant energy source operating. The 2-D problem of conjugate natural convection in vorticity stream function-temperature dimensionless variables has been numerically solved by means of the finite difference method. Radiant energy distribution along the gas-wall interfaces was set by Lamberts? cosine law. We obtained fields of temperature and stream functions in a wide range of governing parameters (Rayleigh number 104 ? Ra ? 106, the length of radiant heating source 0.15 ? D ? 0.6). Then we analyzed how heat retaining properties of finite thickness heat conducting walls made of different materials affect the heat transfer intensity. Differential characteristics distribution showed significant non-uniformity and non-stationarity of the conjugate heat transfer process under study.
Two-dimensional mathematical model for simulation of the drying process of thick layers of natural materials in a conveyor-belt dryer
Authors: Salemovic Dusko , Dedic Aleksandar , Cupric Nenad
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the mathematical model and numerical analysis of the convective drying process of thick slices of colloidal capillary-porous materials slowly moving through conveyor-belt dryer. A flow of hot moist air was used as drying agent. The drying process has been analyzed in the form of a 2-D mathematical model, in two directions: along the conveyor and perpendicular on it. The mathematical model consists of two non-linear differential equations and one equation with a transcendent character and it is based on the mathematical model developed for drying process in a form of a 1-D thin layer. The appropriate boundary conditions were introduced. The presented model is suitable for the automated control of conveyor-belt dryers. The obtained results with analysis could be useful in predicting the drying kinetics of potato slices and similar natural products.
Numerical investigation of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer
Authors: Stojanovic Andrijana , Stevanovic Vladimir , Petrovic Milan , Zivkovic Dragoljub
Published: November 2016

Multidimensional numerical simulation of the atmospheric saturated pool
boiling is performed. The applied modelling and numerical methods enable a
full representation of the liquid and vapour two-phase mixture behaviour on
the heated surface, with included prediction of the swell level and heated
wall temperature field. In this way the integral behaviour of nucleate pool
boiling is simulated. The micro conditions of bubble generation at the heated
wall surface are modelled by the bubble nucleation site density, the liquid
wetting contact angle and the bubble grow time. The bubble nucleation sites
are randomly located within zones of equal size, where the number of zones
equals the nucleation site density. The conjugate heat transfer from the
heated wall to the liquid is taken into account in wetted heated wall areas
around bubble nucleation sites. The boiling curve relation between the heat
flux and the heated wall surface temperature in excess of the saturation
temperature is predicted for the pool boiling conditions reported in the
literature and a good agreement is achieved with experimentally measured
data. The influence of the nucleation site density on the boiling curve
characteristic is confirmed. In addition, the influence of the heat flux
intensity on the spatial effects of vapour generation and two-phase flow are
shown, such as the increase of the swell level position and the reduced
wetting of the heated wall surface by the heat flux increase.
Mixed convection flow and heat transfer in ferromagnetic fluid over a stretching sheet with partial slip effects
Authors: Zeeshan Ahmad , Majeed Aaqib , Ellahi Rahmat , Zia Qazi
Published: November 2016

The 2-D steady boundary layer mixed convection flow and heat transfer in ferromagnetic fluid over a stretching sheet is investigated. Velocity slip is taken into account. The governing partial differential equations are first transformed into the non-linear ordinary coupled differential equation using a similarity transformation and then solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The role of local skin friction, heat transfer rate, ferromagnetic-interaction parameter, slip parameter and the buoyancy parameter on velocity and temperature profiles inside the boundary layers are examined through tables and graphically. Finally a comparison is also made with the existing literature and found in good agreement.
Three-dimensional and two-phase nanofluid flow and heat transfer analysis over a stretching infinite solar plate
Authors: Hatami Mohammad , Khazayinejad Mehdi , Zhou Jiandong , Jing Dengwei
Published: November 2016

In this work, 3-D and two-phase nanofluid flow and heat transfer is modeled over a stretching infinite solar plate. The governing equations are presented based on previous studies. The infinite boundary condition and shortcoming of traditional analytical collocation method have been overcome in our study by changing the problem into a finite boundary problem with a new analytical method called optimal collocation method. The accuracy of results is examined by fourth order Runge-Kutta numerical method. Effect of some parameters, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, ?=b/a (ratio of the stretching rate along y- to x-directions), and power-law index on the velocities, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration functions are discussed. As an important outcome of our 3-D model analysis, it is found that increase in thermophoretic forces can enhance the thickness of both thermal and nanoparticle volume fraction boundary-layers.
On the onset of instabilities in a Bénard-Marangoni problem in an annular domain with temperature gradient
Authors: Hoyas Sergio , Ianiro Andrea , Perez-Quiles María , Fajardo Pablo
Published: November 2016

This manuscript addresses the linear stability analysis of a thermoconvective problem in an annular domain. The flow is heated from below, with a linear decreasing horizontal temperature profile from the inner to the outer wall. The top surface of the domain is open to the atmosphere and the two lateral walls are adiabatic. The effects of several parameters in the flow are evaluated. Three different values for the ratio of the momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity are considered: relatively low Prandtl number (Pr = 1), intermediate Prandtl number (Pr = 5) and high Prandtl number (ideally Pr ? ? , namely Pr = 50). The thermal boundary condition on the top surface is changed by imposing different values of the Biot number, Bi. The influence of the aspect ratio (?) is assessed for through by studying several aspect ratios, ?. The study has been performed for two values of the Bond number (namely Bo = 5 and 50), estimating the perturbation given by thermocapillarity effects on buoyancy effects. Different kinds of competing solutions appear on localized zones of the ?-Bi plane. The boundaries of these zones are made up of co-dimension two points. Co-dimension two points are found to be function of Bond number, Marangoni number and boundary conditions but to be independent on the Prandtl number.
The thermal transmission behavior analysis of two coal gangues selected from inner Mongolia in China
Authors: Li Lixin , Zhang Yinmin , Zhang Yongfeng , Sun Junmin , Wang Ziqiang
Published: November 2016

The differences in the structure and thermal behavior of two coal gangues samples (Z-1 and Z-2) obtained from Inner Mongolia in China were investigated through thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The TG-DTG results indicate that the two coal gangue samples present different dehydroxylation temperatures and loss on ignition values. The mineralogy of the Z-1 sample consisted of kaolinite and quartz, whereas that of the Z-2 sample consisted of kaolinite, boehmite, and quartz. The XRD and FT-IR spectra revealed the thermal transmission behavior of the two coal gangue samples when temperature was increased from 300?C to 1000?C. The coal gangue samples lost hydration water at a temperature of up to 500?C, and the layer structure collapsed completely as the temperature increased. The typical bands in the FT-IR spectra of the two coal gangue samples are similar, but several differences were observed in the intensity and positions of bands. The intensity of the characteristic bands of boehmite at 3090 and 3280 cm?1 decreased as the temperature increased, and the bands disappeared at 600?C. The thermal behavior of the coal gangue samples differed because of impurities and mineralogical compositions.
Separate direct injection of diesel and ethanol: A numerical analysis
Authors: Burnete Nicolae
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the theoretical possibility of using a pilot diesel injection for the auto-ignition of a main ethanol injection in a compression ignition engine. To this effect a predictive simulation model has been built based on experimental results for a diesel cycle (pilot and main injection) at 1500 and 2500 min?1, respectively. For every engine speed, in addition to the diesel reference cycle, two more simulations were done: one with the same amount of fuel injected into the cylinder and one with the same amount of energy, which required an increase in the quantity of ethanol proportional to the ratio of its lower heating value and that of diesel. The simulations showed that in all cases the pilot diesel led to the auto-ignition of ethanol. The analysis of the in-cylinder traces at 1500 min?1 showed that combustion efficiency is improved, the peak temperature value decrease with approximately 240 K and, as a result, the NO emissions are 3.5-4 times lower. The CO and CO2 values depend on the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder. At 2500 min?1 there are similar trends but with the following observations: the ignition delay increases, while the pressure and temperature are lower.
Effect of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics on a direct injection diesel engine
Authors: Jamrozik Arkadiusz , Tutak Wojciech , Pyrc Michał , Sobiepański Michał
Published: November 2016

The paper presents results of co-combustion of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol fuel blend in direct injection Diesel engine. Test was performed at constant rotational speed at three commonly used loads of this engine: 100%, 85%, and 70% of load. During the test hydrated ethanol was used at a concentration of 89% of alcohol. In this study, the ethanol fuel was added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blend with concentrations up to 50% with the increment of 5%. The biodiesel was used as an additive to pre-vent the stratification of ethanol and diesel blends. Thermodynamic parameters of engine were analyzed, and combustion process and exhaust emission were characterized. It turned out that with the increase in engine load is possible to utilize larger ethanol fraction in blend. With the increase of ethanol fuel in blend the in-crease in ignition delay (38.5% for full load) was observed, but burning duration decreased (49% for full load). The ethanol fuel share in blend generally causes the increase in NOx emission (42% for full load) due to higher oxygen content and higher in-cylinder temperatures. It turned out that, at full load the unrepeatability of indicated mean effective pressure was near the same up to 50% of ethanol fuel in blend (about 2%). In case of partial load at higher ethanol fuel fraction the in-crease in indicated mean effective pressure un-repeatability was observed.
Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY
Authors: Arslanian Silva , El ghormli Laure , Bacha Fida , Caprio Sonia , Goland Robin , Haymond Morey W. , Levitsky Lynne , Nadeau Kristen J. , White Neil H. , Willi Steven M. ,   for the TODAY Study Group
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study demonstrated that glycemic failure rates in the three treatments combined—metformin plus rosiglitazone, metformin alone, and metformin plus lifestyle—were higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHB; 52.8%) versus non-Hispanic whites (NHW; 36.6%) and Hispanics (H; 45.0%). Moreover, metformin alone was less effective in NHB versus NHW versus H youth. This study describes treatment-associated changes in adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function over time among the three racial/ethnic groups to understand potential mechanism(s) responsible for this racial/ethnic disparity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

TODAY participants underwent periodic oral glucose tolerance tests to determine insulin sensitivity, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (oDI), with measurements of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA).

RESULTS

At baseline NHB had significantly lower HMWA than NHW and H and exhibited a significantly smaller increase (17.3% vs. 33.7% vs. 29.9%, respectively) during the first 6 months overall. Increases in HMWA were associated with reductions in glycemic failure in the three racial/ethnic groups combined (hazard ratio 0.61, P < 0.0001) and in each race/ethnicity separately. Over time, HMWA was significantly lower in those who failed versus did not fail treatment, irrespective of race/ethnicity. There were no differences in treatment-associated temporal changes in insulin sensitivity, C-peptide index, and oDI among the three racial/ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS

HMWA is a reliable biomarker of treatment response in youth with type 2 diabetes. The diminutive treatment-associated increase in HMWA in NHB (∼50% lower) compared with NHW and H may explain the observed racial/ethnic disparity with higher therapeutic failure rates in NHB in TODAY.
The Impact of Medicare Part D on the Proportion of Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Costs Among Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Choi Yoon Jeong , Jia Haomiao , Gross Tal , Weinger Katie , Stone Patricia W. , Smaldone Arlene M.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Medicare Part D on reducing the financial burden of prescription drugs in older adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2000–2011), interrupted time series and difference-in-difference analyses were used to examine out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs in 4,664 Medicare beneficiaries (≥65 years of age) compared with 2,938 younger, non-Medicare adults (50–60 years) with diabetes and to estimate the causal effects of Medicare Part D.

RESULTS

Part D enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes gradually increased from 45.7% (2006) to 52.4% (2011). Compared with years 2000–2005, out-of-pocket pharmacy costs decreased by 13.5% (SE 2.1) for all Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes following Part D implementation; on average, Part D beneficiaries had 5.3% (0.8) lower costs compared with those without Part D. Compared with a younger group with diabetes, out-of-pocket pharmacy costs decreased by 19.4% (1.7) for Medicare beneficiaries after Part D. Part D beneficiaries with diabetes who experienced the coverage gap decreased from 60.1% (2006) to 40.9% (2011) over this period.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings demonstrate that although Medicare Part D has been effective in reducing the out-of-pocket cost burden of prescription drugs, approximately two out of five Part D beneficiaries with diabetes experienced the coverage gap in 2011. Future research is needed to examine the impact of Affordable Care Act provisions to close the coverage gap on the cost burden of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.
Comparison of contrast media for visualization of the colon of healthy dogs during computed tomography and ultrasonography
Authors: Cheon Byunggyu , Moon Sohyeon , Park Seungjo , Lee Sang-kwon , Hong Sunghwa , Cho Hyun , Choi Jihye
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate contrast agents for their ability to improve visualization of the colon wall and lumen during CT and ultrasonography.

ANIMALS 10 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES Food was withheld from dogs for 36 hours, after which dogs consumed 250 mL of polyethylene glycol solution. Dogs were then anesthetized, a contrast agent (tap water, diluted barium, or air; order randomly assigned) was administered rectally, iodine contrast medium (880 mg of I/kg) was administered IV, and CT and ultrasonography of the colon were performed. After a 1-week washout period, this process was repeated with a different contrast agent until all agents had been evaluated. Two investigators reviewed the CT and ultrasonographic images for colon wall thickness, conspicuity, artifacts, wall layering, and degree of lumen dilation at 4 sites.

RESULTS Thickness of the colon wall was greatest in CT and ultrasonographic images with water used as contrast agent, followed by barium and then air. The CT images obtained after water administration had a smooth appearance that outlined the colonic mucosa and had the highest score of the 3 contrast agents for wall conspicuity. Although no substantial artifacts related to any of the contrast agents were identified on CT images, barium- and gas-induced shadowing and reverberation artifacts hindered wall evaluation during ultrasonography. For ultrasonography, the degree of conspicuity was highest with barium in the near-field wall and with water in the far-field wall. In contrast to CT, ultrasonography could be used to distinguish wall layering, and the mucosal and muscular layers were distinct with all contrast agents.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of water as a contrast agent for both CT and ultrasonography of the colon in dogs compensated for each imaging modality's disadvantages and could be beneficial in the diagnosis of colon disease.
Measurement of cortisol concentration in the tears of horses and ponies with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Hart Kelsey A. , Kitchings Kalyn M. , Kimura Shune , Norton Natalie A. , Myrna Kathern E.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare tear cortisol concentrations between horses and ponies with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and healthy nonaged (≤ 15 years old) and aged (≥ 20 years old) horses and to determine whether serum and tear cortisol concentrations were correlated.

ANIMALS 11 horses and ponies with PPID and 20 healthy control horses and ponies (11 nonaged and 9 aged).

PROCEDURES Paired tear and serum samples were obtained from PPID and control animals. All animals were free of active ocular disease. Tear and serum cortisol concentrations were measured with an ELISA and chemiluminescent assay, respectively. Groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between tear and serum cortisol concentrations within groups.

RESULTS Median tear cortisol concentration was significantly higher in PPID animals than in aged control animals, despite comparable serum cortisol concentrations in PPID and aged control animals. Median tear-to-serum cortisol concentration ratios were also significantly higher in PPID animals than in aged control animals. Serum and tear cortisol concentrations were not significantly correlated in PPID or control animals.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Some horses and ponies with PPID had increased tear cortisol concentrations, compared with concentrations in healthy aged animals. Localized cortisol production in the tear film or altered cortisol binding dynamics could have contributed to this increase. Further studies are warranted to evaluate these mechanisms and to determine whether increased tear cortisol concentrations are associated with delays in corneal wound healing in horses and ponies with and without PPID.
Effect of aminocaproic acid on clot strength and clot lysis of canine blood determined by use of an in vitro model of hyperfibrinolysis
Authors: Brown Jamie C. , Brainard Benjamin M. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Nie Ben , Arnold Robert D. , Schmiedt Chad W.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of aminocaproic acid (ACA) by use of a thromboelastography (TEG)-based in vitro model of hyperfibrinolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

ANIMALS 5 healthy adult dogs.

PROCEDURES A single dose of injectable ACA (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or an ACA tablet (approximately 100 mg/kg) was administered orally. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes after ACA administration for pharmacokinetic analysis. Samples were obtained at 0, 60, and 240 minutes for pharmacodynamic analysis by use of a TEG model of hyperfibrinolysis.

RESULTS No adverse effects were detected. In the hyperfibrinolysis model, after all doses, a significantly higher TEG maximum amplitude (clot strength), compared with baseline, was detected at 60 and 240 minutes. Additionally, the percentage of fibrinolysis was reduced from the baseline value at 60 and 240 minutes, with the greatest reduction at 60 minutes. At 240 minutes, there was significantly less fibrinolysis for the 100 mg/kg dose than the 20 mg/kg dose. Maximum plasma ACA concentration was dose dependent. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between 100 mg/kg formulations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In an in vitro model of hyperfibrinolysis, ACA inhibited fibrinolysis at all doses tested. At 240 minutes after administration, the 100 mg/kg dose inhibited fibrinolysis more effectively than did the 20 mg/kg dose. Thus, ACA may be useful for in vivo prevention of fibrinolysis in dogs.

IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE These data may improve research models of hyperfibrinolytic diseases.
Population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in purple sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) following an intracoelomic injection or extended immersion
Authors: Rosenberg Justin F. , Haulena Martin , Phillips Brianne E. , Harms Craig A. , Lewbart Gregory A. , Lahner Lesanna L. , Papich Mark G.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in purple sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) administered an intracoelomic injection of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) or immersed in an enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/L) for 6 hours.

ANIMALS 28 sea stars of undetermined age and sex.

PROCEDURES The study had 2 phases. Twelve sea stars received an intracoelomic injection of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg) or were immersed in an enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/L) for 6 hours during the injection and immersion phases, respectively. Two untreated sea stars were housed with the treated animals following enrofloxacin administration during both phases. Water vascular system fluid samples were collected from 4 sea stars and all controls at predetermined times during and after enrofloxacin administration. The enrofloxacin concentration in those samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. For each phase, noncompartmental analysis of naïve averaged pooled samples was used to obtain initial parameter estimates; then, population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed that accounted for the sparse sampling technique used.

RESULTS Injection phase data were best fit with a 2-compartment model; elimination half-life, peak concentration, area under the curve, and volume of distribution were 42.8 hours, 18.9 μg/mL, 353.8 μg•h/mL, and 0.25 L/kg, respectively. Immersion phase data were best fit with a 1-compartment model; elimination half-life, peak concentration, and area under the curve were 56 hours, 36.3 μg•h/mL, and 0.39 μg/mL, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that the described enrofloxacin administration resulted in water vascular system fluid drug concentrations expected to exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration for many bacterial pathogens.