bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A regional criterion for classifying mining regions as territories with the greatest exposure to geoecological changes
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, KULIKOVA Aleksandra , OVCHINNIKOVA Tatiana ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Territories adjacent to mining regions always experience a negative impact from the mining enterprise. The scale of such an impact on the environment is estimated by taking into account factors such as geographical location, climatic conditions, the amount of minerals extracted, as well as the ratio of mineral reserves to the area of the mining region. For geo-ecological assessment of the scale of impacts of the territory near the mining region on the environment, it is necessary to introduce a regional coefficient that takes into account the quantitative distribution of mining enterprises on the area of the mining region, as well as the ratio of reserves to area. In this regard, the question arises about the creation of a geo-ecological assessment methodology based on this indicator. Objective. Development of a criterion for a comprehensive geo-ecological assessment of mining regions impact, based on the regional indicator on the example of coal mining enterprises. Methodology. When carrying out the research, the analysis of literary domestic and foreign sources was used; generally accepted methods, including methods of geo-ecological assessment, assessment of natural potential, analysis of anthropogenic load, protection of the territory of the location of the coal mining enterprise. Results and discussion. A functional scheme of the stages of the geoecological assessment of the territory of a coal mining enterprise has been developed to calculate the geoecological assessment indicator with regard to the natural potential of the territory, the total anthropogenic load and the protection of the territory. It is proposed to use a regional indicator to classify the mining region as the territories most susceptible to geoecological environmental changes due to the ratio of the amount of coal production and reserves to the area of the mining region and taking this coefficient into account when allocating state subsidies to improve the environmental situation of the mining region. Conclusions. The main criterion of the geoecological assessment of the mining region– the regional indicator of the attribution of the mining region to the territories with the greatest susceptibility to geoecological changes has been established. The criterion is estimated by the ratio of the volume of production and coal reserves to the area of the mining region. This coefficient is crucial when allocating state subsidies to improve the environmental situation of the mining region. The introduction of a regional indicator creates optimal conditions for forecasting geoecological hazards and the appointment of environmental and nature restoration measures.
A new method for identification of drowning-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (Danish Drowning Formula): A retrospective cohort study with 30-day follow-up
Authors: Breindahl Niklas , Wolthers Signe Amalie , Jensen Theo Walther , Holgersen Mathias Geldermann , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Steinmetz Jacob , Christensen Helle Collatz
Published: May 2023

Background
Accurate, reliable, and sufficient data is required to reduce the burden of drowning by targeting preventive measures and improving treatment. Today’s drowning statistics are informed by various methods sometimes based on data sources with questionable reliability. These methods are likely responsible for a systematic and significant underreporting of drowning. This study’s aim was to assess the 30-day survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) identified in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (DCAR) after applying the Danish Drowning Formula.
Methods
This nationwide, cohort, registry-based study with 30-day follow-up used the Danish Drowning Formula to identify drowning-related OHCA with a resuscitation attempt from the DCAR from January 1st, 2016, through December 31st, 2021. The Danish Drowning Formula is a text-search algorithm constructed for this study based on trigger-words identified from the prehospital medical records of validated drowning cases. The primary outcome was 30-day survival from OHCA. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results
In total, 30,215 OHCA were registered in the DCAR. The Danish Drowning Formula identified 707 potential drowning related OHCA. Of these, 374 were non-drowning, and 16 were excluded because of irreversible death resulting in 317 (1%) patients with drowning related OHCA compared to 29,882 patients with OHCA from other causes. The 30-day survival for patients with drowning-related OHCA was higher compared to OHCA from other causes (33% vs 14%, p < 0.001). Adjusted OR for 30-day survival for drowning-related OHCA and other causes of OHCA was 2.3 [1.7–3.2], p < 0.001.
Conclusions
This study found higher 30-day survival among drowning-related OHCA compared to OHCA from other causes. This study proposed that a text-search algorithm (Danish Drowning Formula) could explore unstructured text fields to identify drowning persons. This method may present a low-resource solution to inform the drowning statistics in the future.
Registration:
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov before analyses (NCT05323097).
A Comparative Study of Various Path Planning Algorithms for Pick-and-Place Robots
Authors: AL-ZUBAIDI ZAID M , AY Serdar , AL-KHAFAJI Mohanned
Published: May 2023

Path planning algorithms are essential tools in various fields of robotics, such as autonomous vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and mobile robots. The A* algorithm is a well-known path-planning algorithm that finds the shortest path between two points in a given environment. Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT) and Probabilistic Roadmaps (PRM) are also popular algorithms that efficiently find feasible paths in high-dimensional and complex environments. In this study, the aforementioned path-planning algorithms are utilized, examined, and compared in terms of computational time for pick-and-place robots used in specific areas of the production lines. This study also analyzes and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm by simulating the machine alignment of the most common production lines and concentrating on the effective parameters that may be modified in each algorithm to fulfill the requirements. This study showed that each algorithm could be adjusted. Still, The A* algorithm gives the shortest path with a short computational time, contrary to RRT, but RRT results can be enhanced to find a shorter path as the computational time increases; otherwise, it gives a path with a very short computational time, and PRM gives an unpredictable new path for each iteration and its length inversely proportional to the computational time.
Morphological anomalies in the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and a case of gynandromorphism in Culex quinquefasciatus in Yucatán, México
Authors: Tzuc-Dzul Julio Cesar , Orozco-Chulim Rodrigo , Garcia-Rejon Julian Everardo , Chi-Chim Wilbert A , Cigarroa-Toledo Nohemi , Hernandez-Mena David , Hernandez-Cuevas Nora Adriana , Baak-Baak Carlos Marcial
Published: May 2023

Two cases of mosquitoes with morphological anomalies were documented. Both cases occurred in mosquitoes collected in the field. Twenty-five larvae of the fourth instar of Aedes aegypti with severe anomalies were observed. The distal part of the siphon displays a chitinized bulb. The siphon displays two pecten; one in the middle and one at the base of the chitinized bulb. The seta 1-S triple developed twice in the siphon; in the middle and distally at the base of the chitinized bulb. Larvae display two combs in two separate curve rows; one in the eighth abdominal segment and one in the base of the siphon. The anal segment had double development; the first did not present a saddle and the ventral brushes. The other was less developed; it displays a saddle, dorsal brushes, and ventral brushes. A Culex quinquefasciatus adult displayed a gynandromorph of the polar type, with the head of a female (filiform antennae, palps shorter than the proboscis), and an abdomen with male genitalia. Mosquito phenotypic anomalies occur in nature and have a negative impact on reproductive success and vector competence.
Identification and validation of a novel redox- related differentially expressed lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting clinical immunotherapy response in gastric cancer
Authors: Peng Guisen , Wu Di , Shan Lidong , Lu Weicheng , Hu Mingjie , Liu Mulin , Wu Huazhang
Published: May 2023

Redox responses modulated by intracellular long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can be involved in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role of redox-related lncRNAs (RRlncRNAs) in gastric cancer (GC) development remains mostly unknown. Our research aims to establish and validate novel prognostic and immune infiltration markers for GC by constructing a prognostic model of RRlncRNAs. We downloaded the transcriptomic and mutational data for 407 GC pa-tients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and randomized them 1:1 into a training and validation set to show that redox-related lncRNAs affect GC patients' prognosis. Subse-quently, the prognostic model was constructed for the screened RRlncRNAs using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and the multivariate COX regression algo-rithm. Then, Survival analyses were performed on the train and test sets. The overall survival rate of GC patients was significantly correlated with the signatures of eight RRlncRNAs, including AC103702.2, AL138756.1, AL356417.2, CFAP61-AS1, RHPN1-AS1, CDK6-AS1, LINC02864, and AL355574.1. Meanwhile, we validated the model's accuracy through nomograms, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and comparisons using models from other studies. The results demonstrated that our model is more effective and outperforms the signature of Jiang et al. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of gene enrichment in high-risk patients shows significant enrichment in immune-related pathways. Waterfall plots of gene mutations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) showed significant differences in immune function between high- and low-risk groups. Then, we divided the 407 GC patients into two clusters using a consensus clustering algorithm and found significant differences in their immune microenvironment through immune cell difference anal-ysis, ESTIMATEScore, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Taken together, we conclude that the prognostic model constructed by RRlncRNAs can significantly affect the prognosis of GC patients and may alter their tumor progression by modulating the immune microenvironment in vivo. Our study found eight RRlncRNA-associated signatures, representing promising new markers for immunotherapy and diagnosis in GC patients.
miR-17~92 suppresses proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting cell cycle regulator Cdt2
Authors: Singh Garima , Sharma Sonika Kumari , Dorata Aastha , Singh Samarendra Kumar
Published: May 2023

Cervical cancer (CC) is the 4th most leading cause of death among women worldwide, and if diagnosed in late stages the treatment options are almost negligible. 99% of CC is caused by high-risk human papilloma viruses (HR-HPV). Upon integration into human genome, the encoded viral proteins mis-regulate various onco-suppressors and checkpoint factors including cell cycle regulators. One such protein is cell cycle S phase licensing factor, CDC-10 dependent transcript-2 (Cdt2) which has been reported to be highly upregulated in various cancers including CC. Also, in CC cells, several tumor suppressor miRNAs are suppressed, including miR-17 ~ 92 cluster. In this study, we report that miR-17 ~ 92 directly recruits to 3’UTR of Cdt2 and downregulates this oncogene which suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of the CC cell lines without effecting non-cancerous cells. We further show that suppression of Cdt2 by miR-17 ~ 92, blocks the cancerous cells in S phase and induces apoptosis, eventually leading to their death. Hence, our work for the first time, mechanistically shows how miR-17 ~ 92 could work as tumor suppressor in cervical cancer cells, opening up the potential of miR-17 ~ 92 to be used in developing therapy for cervical cancer treatment.
Nomogram for predicting of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing radical esophagectomy
Authors: ✝ Ming-fangYan , Xu Yi-ping , Lin Zhen-meng , Chen Han-shen , Ke Jianfang , Zheng Hui-zhe , Luo Hui-yu
Published: May 2023

Background Postoperative delirium (POD) commonly occurs in elderly patients with esophageal cancer after curative surgery and is associated with serious outcomes. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram to predict POD after esophagectomy for carcinoma.Methods 1107 patients who underwent esophageal cancer surgery at the Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2018 to September 2022 were retrospectively enrolled from a prospective database as the training cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was performed to screen the potential risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors and to develop the the nomogram in the training cohort. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) plots were adopted to assess the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. The validation cohort consisted of 338 patients treated at First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University was performed to externally validate the nomogram.Results The rate of POD was 16.6%(184/1107) in the training cohort. Age, diabetes mellitus, ASA classification, albumin level and surgical approach were identified as independent predictors for POD in multivariate analyses. The nomogram yielded great discrimination, with the area under the ROC curve were 0.788(95%CI: 0.752, 0.824) and 0.812(95%CI: 0.762, 0.862) in the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration plots and Hosmer–Lemeshow tests demonstrated a good correlation between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. The DCA further illustrated a high clinical application value of the model.Conclusions This study established a reliable nomogram based on five clinical parameters that could can be accurate and applicable in the probability of POD in elderly patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.
Discovery and Characterization of Genes Conferring Natural Resistance to the Antituberculosis Antibiotic Capreomycin
Authors: Chang Chin-Yuan , Ing Toh , Keisha Johan Elaine , Wang Yung-Lin , Pan Yi-Chi , Jhu Yu-Heng , Hsiao Po-Yun , Liao Wen-Ting , Chen Po-Yuan , Ko Tai-Ming
Published: May 2023

Metagenomic-based studies have predicted an extraordinary number of potential antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). These ARGs are hidden in various environmental bacteria and may become a latent crisis for antibiotic therapy via horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we focus on a resistance gene cph, which encodes a phosphotransferase (Cph) that confers resistance to the antituberculosis drug capreomycin (CMN). Sequence Similarity Network analysis classified 353 Cph homologues into five major clusters. We examined the function and targeted antibiotics of three putative resistance proteins in cluster I via bioinformatics, biochemical, and protein structural analysis. We found that the proteins in cluster I are from various species and indeed confer resistance to CMN. This study contributes towards understanding the sequence-structure-function relationships of the phosphorylation resistance genes that confer resistance to CMN.
Development and validation of asthma diagnostic scale for Chinese children under 6 years old
Authors: Bai Shasha , zhang pingbo , liu quanhua , Chen Mengxue , Zhong Wenwei , Ma Yan , Zhang Jianhua , Hua Li , Bao Yixiao
Published: May 2023

Background: There is no diagnostic criteria for asthma in children under 6 years of age up to now.
Objective: To construct an asthma diagnostic scale for children (< 6 years old) to improve the diagnosis of asthma in China.
Methods: Electronic medical record database of a hospital was used to develop the scale. Item pool was established through literature survey and expert opinion, the screening and optimization of items were conducted by using Delphi method, t-test, reactivity analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis, reliability and validity test. The predictive probability of asthma was calculated using the logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of the scale. Another childhood asthma database validated the scale.
Results: The asthma diagnostic scale for children (< 6 years old) included five dimensions: dimension 1 (shortness of breath, three concave sign, cyanosis, moist rale, heart rhythm, heart sound and dyspnea), dimension 2 (respiratory sound, cough, sputum), dimension 3 (frequency of wheezing, allergic rhinitis, history of allergy in one or both parents), dimension 4 (gender, wheezing sound, atopic dermatitis), and dimension 5 (reversible airflow, positive in vitroor in vivo allergy test). Cronbach’s α coefficients for the five dimensions were 0.846, 0.459, 0.019, 0.202, and 0.024. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were 0.737, 59.1%, and 81.2%. AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the validation data were 0.614, 76.2%, and 46.7%.
Conclusion:The asthma diagnostic scale for children (< 6 years old) had certain reliability, validity, and diagnostic efficiency.
Plastic bronchitis in children：a review of 55 cases over a 10-year period
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Wu Shangzhi , Huang Zhanhang , Lin Yuneng , Xu Jiaxing , Xu Qingyun , Chen Dehui
Published: May 2023

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of patients with plastic bronchitis (PB).Methods All patients who were diagnosed with PB by bronchoscopic removal of tree-like casts at a single institution from January 2012 to May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from electronic patient records༎Results A total of 55 patients, with a median age of 5.3 years, were eligible for the study. Nineteen cases had underlying diseases, among which asthma was the most common. Clinical symptoms were characterized by cough and fever, while moist rales (78.2%) and dyspnea (61.8%) were the most common signs. The most common laboratory finding was elevated C-reactive protein (58.2%). Patchy exudation was the most frequent radiographic finding (81.2%), followed by consolidation (60.0%) and pleural effusion (43.6%). Respiratory pathogens were detected in 41 cases, and M. pneumoniae was the most common one (41.8%), followed by adenovirus (20.0%) and influenza B virus (10.9%). The casts were removed by alveolar lavage, combined with ambroxol immersion (63.6%) and forceps (30.9%). Patients received an average of 2.3 bronchoscopies, and the median time for the first procedure was 3 days after admission. Antibiotics were given to all patients, methylprednisolone to 33 (60.0%), and gamma globulin to 25 (45.5%). A total of 53 cases were improved with an overall mortality rate of 3.6%.Conclusions PB in children is characterized by airway obstruction, mostly caused by respiratory infections, and timely removal of the cast by bronchoscopy is the most effective treatment.
Repeated Omicron infection alleviates SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting
Authors: Yisimayi Ayijiang , Song Weiliang , wang jing , Jian Fanchong , Yu Yuanling , Chen Xiaosu , Xu Yanli , Yang Sijie , Niu Xiao , Xiao Tianhe , Wang Jing , An Ran , Zhang Na , Wang Yao , Wang Peng , Zhao Lijuan , Sun Haiyan , Yu Lingling , Gu Qingqing , Shao Fei , Jin Ronghua , Shen Zhongyang , Xie Xiaoliang , Wang Youchun , Cao Yunlong
Published: May 2023

The continuous emergence of highly immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants, like XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16, highlights the need to update COVID-19 vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by wildtype (WT)-based vaccination would compromise the antibody response to Omicron-based boosters. Vaccination strategies that can counter immune imprinting are critically needed. In this study, we investigated the degree and dynamics of immune imprinting in mouse models and human cohorts, especially focusing on the role of repeated Omicron stimulation. Our results show that in mice, the efficacy of single Omicron-boosting is heavily limited by immune imprinting, especially when using variants antigenically distinct from WT, like XBB, while the concerning situation could be largely mitigated by a second Omicron booster. Similarly, in humans, we found that repeated Omicron infections could also alleviate WT-vaccination-induced immune imprinting and generate high neutralizing titers against XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 in both plasma and nasal mucosa. By isolating 781 RBD-targeting mAbs from repeated Omicron infection cohorts, we revealed that double Omicron exposure alleviates immune imprinting by generating a large proportion of highly matured and potent Omicron-specific antibodies. Importantly, epitope characterization using deep mutational scanning (DMS) showed that these Omicron-specific antibodies target distinct RBD epitopes compared to WT-induced antibodies, and the bias towards non-neutralizing epitopes observed in single Omicron exposures due to imprinting was largely restored after repeated Omicron stimulation, together leading to a substantial neutralizing epitope shift. Based on the DMS profiles, we identified evolution hotspots of XBB.1.5 RBD and demonstrated the combinations of these mutations could further boost XBB.1.5’s immune-evasion capability while maintaining high ACE2 binding affinity. Our findings suggest the WT component should be abandoned when updating COVID-19 vaccine antigen compositions to XBB lineages, and those who haven't been exposed to Omicron yet should receive two updated vaccine boosters.
Construction and Drug Screening of 3D Co-culture System Using Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Organoids and Tumor-associated Macrophages
Authors: Guo Yinghao , Li Jiangtao , Ye Qinghuang , Li Qi , Jin Yun , Yu Yuanquan , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xi Longfu , Wang Yihang , Wu Di , Pan Yanzhi , Wei Shumei , Li Qingyong , Wang Huiquan
Published: May 2023

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in cholangiocarcinoma, but research has been hindered by the lack of highly reductive tumor models. Organoids are a type of three-dimensional (3D) cell-culture technology derived from tumor stem cells in vitro. Although organoids are appropriate experimental models for tumor research, they cannot reflect the crosstalk that occurs between cancer cells and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME).Methods: We successfully established a tumor model by co-culturing organoids and TAMs from 6 cases of primary extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) through Transwell culture systems, and we explored the interactions between cells.Result: Our comprehensive analysis and comparison of histopathology, genomics, and multiomics outcomes confirmed that this co-culture model can better capture intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Drug sensitivity data in vitro revealed that gemcitabine and cisplatin are effective drugs for cholangiocarcinoma, and TAMs in the tumor microenvironment promote organoids growth and chemotherapy resistance.Conclusion: In conclusion, our organoid model of cholangiocarcinoma co-cultured with TAMs highly simulates source specimens and is a promising preclinical tumor model.
Semi-solid plasticity and deformation control of superalloy investment casting
Authors: Ding Zhengyi , Wang Donghong , Guan Bang , Cui Jiayu , Shu Da , Sun Baode
Published: May 2023

The deformation in superalloy investment casting under thermal-mechanical coupled stress is causing huge waste of materials and energy. Mechanical models of both alloy and shell are essential to predict the deformation of castings accurately. The elastoplastic behavior of superalloy in semi-solid zone is critical to the deformation during solidification. In this paper, the deformation of ring-to-ring castings with Ni-based superalloy K4169 is researched. To obtain the thermal-mechanical behavior of K4169 from solid region to semi-solid zone, physical simulated uniaxial compression is performed. Yield stress and plastic modulus from the measurement are imported into the database for numerical simulation. Different thermal-mechanical models of both alloy and shell are compared. With elastoplastic model for alloy, considering the deformability of shell with elastic model, the accuracy of prediction is within CT4 level, with a maximum error of 0.39mm. The deformation of reaches the minimum when the initial temperature of alloy and shell are 1500℃ and 900℃. The research on semi-solid performance of alloy and thermal-mechanical models can provide theoretical guidance for deformation prediction. The method of this research is promising in dimensional control of castings, and can be transported to dimensional control problems upon solidification process with different kinds of materials and castings.
Knowledge of spawning phenology may enhance selective barrier passage for wetland obligate fishes
Authors: Piczak Morgan , Theÿsmeÿer Tys , Doka Susan E. , Midwood Jonathan D. , Cooke Steve J.
Published: May 2023

Within the Laurentian Great Lakes, many native fishes use wetlands for spawning; however, these areas are also used by non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio) that may impart negative ecological impacts. There is interest to manage common carp using barriers to decrease passage to specific habitats (e.g., their spawning sites), but these barriers could also exclude native wetland obligate spawners such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Our objective was to determine if differences in phenologies, specifically, spawning movements could be exploited in shallow areas to operate seasonal barriers that are opened and closed to promote selective fragmentation. Using a long-term dataset from the Cootes Paradise Marsh fishway (Hamilton, Ontario), we generated predictive models based on cumulative growing degree day (CGDD) for all three fishes. These models successfully predicted earlier arrival by all species in a warmer year and delayed spawning movements during a cold year, supporting the role of temperature as a driver of interannual variation in spawning movements. We then compared the fishway model predictions to movement timing to spawning habitat within nearby Toronto Harbour; movement data was derived from acoustic telemetry information. We found that the models performed well and predictions were correlated with movements of all three species, but performance was weakest for northern pike. It is our hope that managers could use these predictive models to assist in the operation of seasonal barriers to optimize control of non-native common carp, while minimizing negative impacts for native species that require access to coastal wetlands.
In vitro Comparative Quality Assessment of Different Brands of Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets Marketed in Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Yehualashet , Kassahun Haile , Said Yimer , Wondesen Abate , Ayenew Kassahun Dires , Berihun Samuel , Linger Bedilu
Published: May 2023

Background This study aimed to evaluate the quality and physicochemical bioequivalence of commercially available brands of hydrochlorothiazide 25mg tablets in community pharmacies in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods Experimental-based cross-sectional study design was applied using disintegration, identification, friability, uniformity, hardness, and assay test methods as described in the USP. Difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factor values were calculated to assess in vitro bioequivalence of generic products with the comparator.Result The study revealed that all investigated brands of hydrochlorothiazide tablets contain a genuine active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in their formulations. The friability test result was concordant with the USP (< 1%) in eight of the investigated brands. Whereas the result of the hardness limit was concordant (39.23N, USP 2019) in only six of those brands. The weight variation test result indicated that all samples complied with USP specification limits. The quantitative assay result of API was within the limit of USP (90% up to 110%). Similarly, all samples meet the disintegration time limit (i.e, ≤ 30 minutes) and drug-releasing tolerance limit (API released more than 60% within 60 minutes). The f2 values were > 50 & f1 values were ˂15 for all sampled brands of hydrochlorothiazide tablet formulations.Conclusion The majority of sampled brands of hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg tablets met the quality requirements as per USP official test specifications limit. From similarity factor (f2) and difference factor (f1) values, all studied brands were equivalent to the comparator and can interchangeably use in the clinical area.
Identification of mRNA and lncRNA profiles and potential targeted agents for fibrolamellar carcinoma based on RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Kim Janghyun , Kim Young , Lee Bora
Published: May 2023

Background: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare type of liver cancer that primarily affects adolescents and young adults without prior liver disease or virus infections. Patients with FLC often have non-specific symptoms and are often diagnosed at a later stage with a higher frequency of metastases compared to other liver cancers. A fusion transcript of DNAJB1 and PRKACA has been identified in all FLC patients, which can lead to increased activity of PKA and cellular proliferation, although the exact mechanism through which FLC develops remains unclear. In this study, we investigated common mRNA and lncRNA profiles in various FLC samples using bioinformatics analysis.
Methods: We analyzed differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs from three different public datasets. We performed Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network analyses with the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs of FLC. Using DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, we predicted potential lncRNA target genes and screened for small molecule compounds for the FLC.
Results: We identified 912 differentially expressed mRNAs and 308 differentially expressed lncRNAs from RNA sequencing analysis. GO analysis showed that the upregulated mRNAs in FLC were enriched in collagen fibril and extracellular matrix organization, while the downregulated mRNAs were enriched in xenobiotic metabolic and exogenous drug catabolic process. Furthermore, the upregulated mRNAs were enriched in PI3k-Akt signaling pathway based on KEGG pathway analysis, and in epithelial mesenchymal transition from GSEA analysis. we performed trans-target prediction analysis and identified 454 co-expressed pairs in FLC. Lastly, we screened and obtained potential therapeutic small molecule compounds using hub genes of FLC we identified.
Conclusions: Our study revealed common mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in FLC, and identified hub genes of DE mRNAs and lncRNA target genes, as well as small molecular compounds that could potentially be used as treatments. These results could contribute to further understanding of FLC and provides potential avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
Digital Advance Decision Making with Severe Mental Illness: A retrospective observational cohort analysis of the use of an Electronic Palliative Care Coordination System
Authors: Gill Rea , Droney Joanne , Owen Gareth , Riley Julia , Stephenson Lucy
Published: May 2023

Background

People living with severe mental illness (SMI) face significant health inequalities, including in palliative care. Advance Decision Making (ADM) is widely recommended by palliative care experts and could reduce inequalities. However, implementing palliative care ADM with this group is challenging. Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems such as Coordinate my Care (CMC) have been introduced to increase ADM uptake and improve care quality in the general population. This study explores the use of CMC amongst those with SMI and aims to describe the cohort of people with a primary diagnosis of SMI who have used CMC for ADM, how this cohort uses the service and make recommendations for future research and policy.

Method

A retrospective observational cohort analysis was completed of CMC records created 01/01/2010 - 31/09/2021. Descriptive statistics were used to report on characteristics including: age, diagnosis, prognosis and resuscitation status. Thematic analysis was used to report on the content of patients’ statements of preference.

Results

There were 1826 records where the service user had a primary diagnosis of SMI. Of this sample most (60.1%) had capacity to make treatment decisions, 47.8% were aged under 70, 86.7% were given a prognosis of ‘years’ and most (63.1%) wanted full CPR. Statements of preferences contained information about preferences for physical and mental health treatment care as well as information about patient presentation and capacity. This suggests that compared to usual CMC users the cohort of interest are relatively able, younger people using CMC to make long-term plans for active physical and mental health treatment. However, only a minority contained statements of patient wishes and where recorded these were often brief, and many did not obviously reflect authentic patient voice.

Conclusions

This digital tool is being used by people with SMI but to plan for more than palliative care. This cohort and supporting professionals have found a digital tool is helpful to plan for longer term physical and mental healthcare. Future research and policy should focus on development of tailored digital tools for people with SMI to plan for palliative, physical and mental healthcare and support expression of patient voice.
Inclusion of a Computerized Test in ADHD Diagnosis Process can Improve Trust in the Specialists' Decision and Elevate Compliance Levels
Authors: Grossman Ephraim S. , Berger Itai
Published: May 2023

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects many life aspects of children and adults. Accurate identification, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD can facilitate better care. However, ADHD diagnosis and treatment methods are subject of controversy. Objective measures can elevate trust in specialist's decision and treatment compliance. In this observational study we asked whether knowing that a computerized test was included in ADHD diagnosis process results in more trust and intention to comply with treatment recommendations. Questionnaires were administered to 464 people, 198 men, average age=40.78(9.14). Questions regarding expected trust and compliance, trust trait, trust in physician and health-care-institutions, and ADHD scales followed a scenario about parents referred to a neurologist for sons' ADHD diagnosis. The scenario presented to the test group (n=189) mentioned that a computerized test was part of the diagnostic process. The control group scenario mention any computerized test being included in the diagnostic process. Test group participants expressed more trust in the diagnosis and greater levels of intention for treatment compliance. Group differences in intention for treatment compliance were mediated by trust in decision. Inclusion of a computerized test in ADHD diagnosis process can improve trust in the specialists' decision and elevate compliance levels.
Eventration of diaphragm: A case report
Authors: Zhang Ci , Shi Tiantian , zhang Zhengyi
Published: May 2023

Background
Eventration of diaphragm is uncommon in adults and is caused by paralysis, aplasia or atrophy of the diaphragm's muscular fibers, which causes the abnormal elevation of the diaphragm and abdominal organs to protrude into the chest. Eventration of diaphragm is usually diagnosed by the elevation of left hemi-diaphragm in the plain X-ray or chest CT. Though the incidence of diaphragm eventration is low and relatively rare, it can result in serious ventilation dysfunction and digestive system symptoms.
Case summary: This paper describes a 57-year-old male patient with eventration of diaphragm who presented as pulmonary heart disease (PHD). He had severe symptoms presenting with the lower-extremity pitting edema a year before, then he alleviated his discomfort by taking diuretics self-administered and did not get regular therapy. However, the patient's clinical symptomscontinued to worsen and developed chest tightness, shortness of breath and lower-extremity edema again without effective and systematic treatment. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging exams of the patients were evaluated by general practitioners, then they made the diagnosis of PHD and eventration of diaphragm. Finally, with the assistance of a professor of thoracic surgery, diaphragmatic plication was implemented which improved the symptoms of functional status and shortness of breath.
Conclusion: This case report and literature review investigated the clinical symptoms of eventration of diaphragm presenting with heart failure, which aims to help provide ideas for the clinical treatment of eventration of diaphragm.
EEF1A1 knock-down regulates the expression and alternative splicing of genes associated with Parkinson`s disease in U251 cells
Authors: Lei Jing , aisha zaolaguli , zhang yan , Ma Jianhua
Published: May 2023

Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with PARK2 activity in cells, predicting a possible important role in Parkinson`s disease (PD). However, it is not clear whether EEF1A1 will play a role in PD through transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. In this study, the GSE68719 data set was downloaded from the GEO database, and the RNA-seq data of BA9 brain tissue autopsy were obtained from 29 PD patients and 44 neurologically normal control subjects. The analysis found that EEF1A1 was significantly over-expressed in PD brain tissue. Then, to inhibit EEF1A1 from being expressed in U251 cells, siRNA was transfected into those cells, and the RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and differentially alternative splicing events (ASEs) resulting from the EEF1A1 knockdown. Further, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that EEF1A1 knockdown significantly up-regulated the expression of genes CXCL10, NGF, PTX3, IL6, ST6GALNAC3, NUPR1, TNFRSF21, CXCL2, and up-regulated alternative splicing of genes ACOT7, DDX10, SHMT2, MYEF2, NDUFAF5. These genes were enriched to pathways related to PD pathogenesis, such as apoptosis, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that EEF1A1 may be involved in the development of PD by regulating differential expression and alternative splicing of genes. This study preliminarily investigated the potential role and mechanism of EEF1A1 in the pathogenesis of PD, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent research.
A Novel Filter and Embedded Feature Selection Methods applied to High Dimensional Metabolomics Data in Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Classification
Authors: Ibrahim Nurain , Ul-Saufie Ahmad Zia , Tharmaratnam Kukatharmini , Probert Chris , Bond Ashley , Gh Nor Azura Md
Published: May 2023

Background
Metabolomics is an emerging field, which focuses on the study of small molecules (metabolites) and their chemical processes. Metabolomics data are highly dimensional, with p>>n where p is the number of variables and n is the sample size of the cohort. Hence, feature selection is a key step in metabolomics studies to reduce the dimensionality in the dataset, removing redundant and unwanted features and mitigating overfitting. The t-test (T) and correlation sharing t-test method (corT) can be used as filter methods. Penalized regression, and in particular the embedded method least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), have also been applied for feature selection with the aim of minimising the problem of overfitting that often affects prediction models in this field. These methods are here applied to datasets of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from patients with colorectal cancer or non-cancer (aimed at discriminating between non-cancer vs colorectal cancer groups, and healthy control vs adenoma groups). Cross validation, with data split into two sets (80% for training and 20% for validation) was used to compare the performance of the feature selection methods in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC.
Results
As a result, for non-cancer and colorectal cancer discrimination, the T method showed the worst classification accuracy followed by Lasso. CorT achieved the best level of discrimination although this was still low (AUC of 0.60). For healthy control and adenoma discrimination however, methods corT showed the lowest AUC, followed by the T method. Lasso achieved the best level of discrimination, although this remained low (AUC of 0.65). However, there is limitation of these methods where the feature selection methods considered were not able to identify a set of VOCs with good levels of discrimination between colon cancer, adenoma and control cases.
Conclusion
This paper is being limited use to assist medical practitioners in earlier detection of colorectal cancer.
Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of health management of chronic disease patients among ethnic minority migrant population
Authors: Du Jie , Mengzhe Yang , Zhao Linyan , Lin Junchang , Zhang Yuhui
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To understand the current situation and influencing factors of health management of chronic disease patients (hypertension and type II diabetes) in ethnic minority mobile populations and improve the utilization rate of public health services for ethnic minority migrant populations.
Methods: Data related to 820 cases of hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus patients from the national migrant population health and family planning dynamic monitoring survey data from May to August 2017 were collected, and SPSS25.0 statistical software was applied to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of health service utilization among patients with chronic diseases in the ethnic minority migrant population.
Results：4.1% of the ethnic minority migrant population had hypertension, 0.8% had diabetes, and 0.5% had both hypertension and diabetes. 42.2% of the 820 patients with chronic diseases had received free follow-up assessments or health checkups of chronic illnesses from the community health service center (station)/township health center in the inflow area in the past year. The results of multifactorial unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the acceptance rate of health management was higher among patients with chronic diseases who were over 65 years old, of Uyghur ethnicity, considered themselves as local people, interacting with local people, heard of the“National Basic Public Health Service” program, had established health records, and received health education. The acceptance rate of chronic disease management was lower among those aged 24-35, with inflow from the eastern and central regions and little interaction with others.
Conclusions: Currently, the prevalence of chronic diseases among ethnic minority migrant populations is low, but the potential risk of illness should be taken seriously; the level of acceptance of health management for patients with chronic diseases among ethnic minority migrant populations is low. Age, ethnicity, region of inflow, local identity, local interaction, knowledge of “national basic public health service program” the establishment of local health records, and acceptance of health education are the main factors influencing the acceptance of chronic disease health management among the ethnic minority migrant population.
Elevated Platelet Count is associated with Decreased Mortality from Hemorrhagic Stroke in Hospital: A Multi-center Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Zhenhua , Liu Chenglin , Wu Zhanxing , Xiao Xiaoyong , Chen Zhongqin , Huang Qun , Liu Dehong , Deng Zhe
Published: May 2023

Background: Platelet count (PC) decreased has been implicated in patients with severe hemorrhagic stroke (HS). while the association of PC with subsequent mortality of HS patients remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate association of PC with HS patients’ mortality.
Methods: This retrospective study included 10,466 hospitalized patients enrolled in 208 hospitals from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 in the US. We evaluated clinical data of 3262 HS patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We assessed the correlation between PC and all-cause mortality of HS by Multivariate logistic regression. A nonlinear association between platelet count and mortality of HS patients was investigated using a generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting.
Results: Of 11107 stroke patients screened, 3262 HS patients (mean age, 67.05 years; 52.79% males) were included in the primary analysis. The median PC (min-max) was (221.67 ± 73.78) (9–450) ×109 /L. Lower platelet patients was associated of over two times as high as that for non-low platelet patients. A 10-unit increase in PC was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of HS patients’ death in the hospital. And we found that the link between the PC at admission with mortality of HS patients in hospital was likewise non-linear. In addition, we first demonstrated that the inflection point of the platelet count was 194×109 /L by using a recursive algorithm. When PLT was <194×109 /L, an increment of PLT was associated with a decrease in HS-related morality, but the mortality risk of HS did not increase with a decrease in PLT for PLT values >194×109 /L.
Conclusion: Elevated PC above the inflection point (194×10 9 /L) may be a great intervention for decreased the mortality of HS patients.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With J.C in a Tropical Environment: Study of Six (6) Observations at the University Hospital of Conakry.
Authors: Diallo Mohamed Tafsir , Toure Mohamed Lamine , DIALLO Souleymane Mbara , Carlos Guelngar Othon , Barry Souleymane Djigué , Camara Namory , Sakadi Foksouna , Loramou Christ Matho , Diallo Bademba , Sakho Aminata , Baldé Thierno Hamidou , Diallo Mariama Boubacar , Koné Adama , Milman Kadji Juste , Madandi Hinima , Lamah Eugen , Barry Abdoul Karim Telico , Diallo Mamadou Hady , Cissé Fodé Abass , Cissé Amara
Published: May 2023

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), related to oligodendrocyte infection by reactivation of latent John Cunningham virus (J.C.) involvement of the nervous system in the context of immunosuppression, is poorly described in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the high prevalence of AIDS, tuberculosis, leukemia, and probably autoimmune diseases.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of six (6) observations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital of Conakry. The diagnostic confirmation formerly made from the brain biopsy, was certified by PCR (J.C) in the cerebrospinal fluid, the magnetic resonance imaging in a neurological context: motor disorders, dysarthria, cognitive, cerebellar and sensory disorders.
Results: This study shows that it is an unrecognized disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Men were more represented (4 men and 2 women).
The clinical picture was dominated by cognitive disorders, motor deficits, neurosensory manifestations and cerebellar damage. The incriminated pathologies that led to severe immunosuppression were HIV in 3 cases, leprosy in one case, systemic lupus erythematosus in one case and African trypanosomiasis in one case. CSF PCR for J.C virus was positive in all patients.
Magnetic resonance imaging contributed to the diagnosis by showing T2 hypersignals in the white matter.
Conclusion: PML occurring in chronic autoimmune conditions should be sought in re-emerging tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. These data are useful for the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic discussion.