bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile of Blunt Abdominal Injuries: An Autopsy Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar 361008, Gujarat, India, Bambhaniya Alpesh B. , Upadhyay Mehul C. ,   Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar 361008, Gujarat, India, Mehta Rahul A. ,   Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar 361008, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2024

Background: Many vital organs (Liver, spleen, kidney, etc) and also vital vessels like the aorta and many major veins are in the abdominal cavity, so injuries to the abdominal cavity are mostly fatal in the form of hemorrhagic shock or neurogenic shock. Blunt or sharp objects may cause these types of injuries. Which are due to any mode of death. aims: To study the epidemiological aspect of fatal blunt abdominal injuries. material and method: In this study 140 cases of abdominal injuries by blunt objects are studied for their various aspect. results: Most cases are of road traffic accidents (RTA) or any other form of accidents. Most of them are young males between 20-40 years of age. Though the majority of them died within in 1-2 hrs, on the spot or on the way. The nature of injuries is correlated with the history and incident. Involvement of the spleen and liver shows multiple lacerations. Kidney and retroperitoneal were also involved in a significant number of cases. Vertebral, bladder, and uterine injuries were rare. conclusion: Most of the fatal blunt abdominal injuries were off-road traffic accidents majority of them have liver or spleen and hemorrhagic shock is the cause of death in almost all cases.
A Rare Case of Traumatic Neuroma of the Median Nerve
Authors:   Tutor, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., Angel Libni D , Thanka J. ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2024

Traumatic neuromas are considered pseudotumors caused due to reactive proliferation of the neural tissue. Due to trauma of the nerve, a process of degeneration at the distal end and regeneration at the proximal end occurs. Histopathological examination is essential for making a diagnosis of traumatic neuroma along with clinical and radiological correlation.
Stature Estimation from Forearm Length: An Anthropometric Study on Medical Students of South Indian Origin
Authors:   3rd Year Postgraduate Trainee, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, West Bengal 700073 Kolkata, India., Saha Arundhati , Bandyopadhyay Chandan ,   3rd Year Postgraduate Trainee, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, West Bengal 700073 Kolkata, India., Biswas Saswata ,   3rd Year Postgraduate Trainee, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, West Bengal 700073 Kolkata, India.
Published: January 2024

Forensic identification of mutilated and fragmented body parts is a critical part of forensic investigation. Stature is a major criterion of identification and provides useful clues to the investigating agency. There are established correlations of stature with body parts such as extremities, head, trunk, vertebral column, etc. This study was formulated to find out the correlation between maximum head length and maximum head breadth with stature in humans and to calculate a regression equation to determine stature from the head length and head breadth at Kolkata Police Morgue attached to the Upgraded Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata. It is a cross-sectional, observational study. Total 32 deceased subjects (n= 32, m=26 f=6) were selected for the study depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Maximum head length and breadth were measured in each using spreading calipers and stature was measured using standard autopsy procedures. The results were tabulated in an excel spreadsheet and analyzed using Stat Cal C software and SSS (online). The mean, stature of the study population was 162.54 cm, head length 17.78 cm, and head breadth 13.75. cm r = 0.473 (head length, p <0.006) , 0.181 (head breadth, p <0.321). Regression equations: stature = 3.83 × head length + 94.43; 2.09 × head breadth + 133.69 and 3.76 × head length + 0.29 × head breadth +91.60. Head length and head breadth were correlated with stature. Regression equations can be used to estimate stature in forensic cases from head length and breadth.
Morphometric Study of Supra-meatal Triangle and Mastoid process in the Adult dry Skulls
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 831017, India., Sinha Anuja , Priya Abhilasha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 831017, India., Mishra Ashim ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 831017, India, Gupta Saumen ,   Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Sikkim Manipal College of Physiotherapy, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: This study was done with an objective to do a craniometric study of supra meatal triangle and mastoid process to explore the variations as a determinant to sex. Methodology: A total of 47 skull bones formed our study sample which comprised of 31 males and 16 females Six landmarks were identifi ed on each side of the skulland measurements were taken using Digital Vernier caliper with precision of 0.01. Observations and Results: The area of supra-meatal triangle in male was 134.68± 21.69 mm3 on the right side and 134.17± 16.98 mm3 on the left side. In females the area of supra-meatal triangle was 114.82± 21.99 mm3 on right side and 122.46± 24.05 mm3 on the left side. In male skulls, the length, breadth and width of the mastoid process on the right side was 23.56 ± 2.88, 19.81 ± 2.49 and 11.46 ± 2.51 mm and the left side measurements were 23.33 ± 2.17, 18.93 ± 1.91 and 10.84 ± 2.39mm respectively. In females the length, breath and width of mastoid were 23.03 ± 2.94, 18.87 ± 2.42 and 10.03 ± 2.32 mm on right side and 22.06 ± 1.99, 17.85± 2.22 and 9.43 ± 1.89 mm in left side respectively. conclusion: In this present study the supra meatal triangle and all measurements of mastoid process were greater in males with the mastoid breadth and width showed statistically signifi cant values. The fi ndings can be applied to unknown skull samples or bone fragmentsand can provide insight to future studies of forensic anthropologists and ENT surgeons.
Histopathological Features of Skin changes caused by Electrocution: An Autopsy study
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., P. K Divya Lakshmi , S Vinodini ,   Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India., S Saranya ,   Senior Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine, Banglore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore 560004, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Dependency to electrical equipments and improper safety measures has led to a significant increase in deaths due to electrocution. Confirming the cause of death in electrocution is one of the biggest challenges. Skin is the most frequently involved tissue in electrocution and histopathology of skin from electric marks aids in proper diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the histomorphological features of epidermis and dermis in skin tissue of entry and exit wounds in electrocution deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational study done over a period of one year. Skin biopsy from medico legal autopsy of non-lightening electrocution deaths obtained from entry or exit wound site were included for the study. Gross and histopathological details were studied and data analyzed. RESULTS: Significant gross features were surface discoloration of skin 16 (61%) and ulceration 05 (20%). Microscopic features were coagulative necrosis 21 (80.7%), dermo-epidermal separation 20 (80.7%), focal ulceration of epithelium 05 (19%), clefting of epidermis (60%), streaming of nuclei (92.3%), elongation of nuclei (92.3%) and microblisters 02 (15.3%). CONCLUSION: One of the important causes of negative autopsy is electrocution deaths. In such cases dermatopathology is a diagnostic tool coupled with circumstantial evidence. Histological hallmark of electrocution skin injury is epidermal nuclear elongation.
A Pilot Study to find out Sexual Dimorphism in Human Skulls using Curvilinear Sagittal Suture Length
Authors:   Junior Resident,Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Bhosale Ashwini Anant , Taware Ajay Anirudha ,   Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Jadhav Vijay Tarachand ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Tatiya Harish Suresh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Bandgar Abhijit Limbraj ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India., Vaidya Hemant Vithoba ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Identification is the determination of the individuality of a person based on certain physical characteristics, i.e., exact fi xation of personality. Correct sex estimation reduces the possible number of individuals that need to be considered by approximately 50%. According to Krogman, sexing can be 90% accurate by skull alone, but till dateonly a handful of studies have been undertaken to study the relation of cranial suture length with parameters like sex and stature. Material and Method: his study was conducted on 400 deceased adults brought for postmortem examination during study period. All the observations related to the current study were done by naked eye and data regarding age, sex and curvilinear length of sagittal suture were recorded. Results: The mean curvilinear length of sagittal suture was 12.42 ± 0.74 cm in females and 12.76 ± 0.71 cm in male and the mean length of the sagittal suture was signifi cantly higher among males as compared to females. Conclusion: Curvilinear length of sagittal suture is a reliable predictor of sex.
Lip Prints as an Early Indicator of Different Malocclusions
Authors:   Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan 335001, India, Bhambri Eenal , Sharma Manish ,   Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology,ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India., Gupta Seema ,   Professor, Department of Orthodontics, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India., Gowda Deepak V. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MR Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560005, India., Agrawal Shivam ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Dr HSRSM Dental College & Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra 431513, India., Deshmukh Chetan V. ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra 424001, India.
Published: January 2024

ntroduction: The goal of the current investigation was to see if there was any correlation between skeletal malocclusions and lip print patterns. Settings and Design: Hospital based, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Meterials and Methods: The study was conducted on 120 subjects, divided into 3 groups Skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III based on ANB angle, Beta angle, and Wits. For the assessment of lip print patterns, they were classifi ed according to the Tsuchihashi classification system. Statistical analysis: The chi-square test was used to study diff erences in the groups. Results: It was noted that the most prevalent lip pattern was Type I while; the least was the Type V pattern. A Type III lip pattern was absent. There was a signifi cant correlation between Type I lip pattern and Skeletal Class III malocclusion. Also, there were signifi cant gender diff erences in lip print patterns in skeletal class I malocclusion with no diff erences in skeletal class II and class III malocclusion. Conclusion: Lip prints can be a useful aid in predicting the type of skeletal malocclusion as they develop early in life, therefore, can be successfully used for preventative and interceptive orthodontic procedures. Hence, lip prints can be used as early detectors of skeletal malocclusions. Key Messages: Since the craniofacial skeleton and lips print both develop at the same embryonic stage, developmental variables that result in malocclusions may also be refl ected in the lip print patterns.
Do Nutritional Status Parameters such as Body Mass Index & Mid Upperarm Circumference Need to be Taken into Account when Estimating Dental Age? A Cross-sectional study with Tooth Count as Variable
Authors:   Tutor, Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat, India., Pillai Jayasankar P. , Babu G. Rajesh ,   Associate Professor, School of Medico-legal studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India.
Published: January 2024

Context: Age estimation is playing a very important role in the criminal justice system and also in the forensic human identifi cation process. Over the past several decades, the scientifi c community has done extensive work on age estimation from biological markers of growth, the dental structure being one among them. The routine dental age estimation methods usually apply the mineralization and/or the eruption parameters of the developing dentition. Certain factors like the nutritional status and the socio-economic status of the individual also may infl uence dental development and eruption. Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the link between the nutritional status and the dentition status of children and adolescents in the age range of 12 to 18 years. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional population based, descriptive study. Materials and Methods: The body mass index (BMI) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) values were measured to assess the nutritional status of the children with a mean age of 14.35 years (± 1.36). The oral examination was done to count the number of teeth present. The tooth count was compared with the BMI and the MUAC values of the children. Results: The mean BMI of the study population was 17.36 Kg/m2 ± 3.40 and the mean MUAC value was 21.53cm ± 2.93. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and MUAC and a signifi cant diff erence in the deciduous tooth count among the BMI categories. (2 =12.161, df 3, p<0.05). Conclusion: There is no signifi cant association between BMI and deciduous tooth count in the study sample. Key Messages: The BMI and MUAC values are markers of nutritional status in growing children. Though nutritional status has a link with the tooth development, the present study could not establish a signifi cant association between BMI and deciduous tooth count in children in the age range of 12 to 18 years.
Review on Facial Changes Across Age Progression of the same Individual and its Application in Forensics
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India., Verma Priyanka , Maity Abhishek ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: It is diffi cult to describe or analyze face aging since it is a complex process driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Face aging diff erently infl uencesthe facial components of an individual such as the nose, mouth, and eyes. Objective: In this paper, we have discussed reviewing facial features, that change with the progression of age and techniques available to recognize these changes. Method: The majority of the work on face recognition has been carried out on adults and less of the work is reported on facial aging. Researchers have tried to develop algorithms for facial recognition, verifi cation, and identifi cation system which will have low false positive rates and high true positive rates due to the age infl uencing factor. Conclusion: It will help the scientifi c community for better analysis and recognition.
Dead Lifts and Death: Sudden Death due to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Body Builder
Authors:   Medical Graduate, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India., Gupta Riya , Dsouza Haneil Larson ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India., Rai Sharada ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India., Shetty Pavanchand ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India., Rastogi Prateek ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India., PP Jagadish Rao ,   Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: It is a well established fact that cardiac health and exercise go hand in hand.However, rigorous exercising regimens without proper cardiovascular screening can lead to catastrophic death in unsuspecting and otherwise healthy individuals. Among the underlying undetected cardiovascular conditions that need to be accounted for, especially in young adults, are hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Case Details: The deceased, a 33-year-old state level bodybuilder, was participating in a body building competition when he suddenly complained of dizziness and collapsed. The deceased appeared to have no signifi cant fi ndings on external examination. Internal examination, however, revealed that the heart was enlarged and weighed 698 g. On microscopic examination, ventricle sections showed enlarged myocytes with disarray and enlarged nuclei. The cause of death was ascertained to be due to complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Implications For Clinical Practice: Among the feasible options available in low and middle income countries, electrocardiography is an inexpensive method as a screening test, leading the way for using tools such as CMR, serum biomarkers and genetic testing if required. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between physical exertion and its eff ect on a hypertrophic heart is essential. The case presented brings to light the need for in-depth precompetition screening of athletes. This is especially true since athletes are the one category of individuals where good health is taken for granted.
Role of Pan-Tilt Camera in Tele-interaction During Surgery at the Time of COVID-19 Crisis
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Koliyath Shijina , Chittoria Ravi Kumar ,   Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery & Telemedicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India., Singh. P Barath Kumar ,   Senior Resident, Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.
Published: January 2024

Telemedicine plays an important role in imparting healthcare facilities worldwide in special situations like the COVID-19 crisis. Use of technology in healthcare has come a long way. Special cameras for surveillance and interaction have been used in fields of industries, offices, home based and national security systems etc. Here we describe our experience regarding the use of Pan-Tilt camera in tele-interaction during surgical procedures during the time of corona pandemic.
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio: A Prognostic Indicator of Limb Survival in CLI Patients
Authors:   Senior Resident, department of general surgery, bangalore mdeical college and research rajajinargar, bangalore-560010, N. T. Akhila , Nair Sandesh ,   Post graduate, department of general surgery, bangalore mdeical college and research rajajinargar, bangalore-560010, Pattar Suraj ,   Post graduate, department of general surgery, bangalore mdeical college and research rajajinargar, bangalore-560010, Iyer Nagashree ,   Post graduate, department of general surgery, bangalore mdeical college and research rajajinargar, bangalore-560010
Published: January 2024

Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the admission neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in predicting the risk of amputation in critical limb ischemia patients who could not get surgical or radiological (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) revascularization. Methods: A total of 150 patients who presented with CLI to our hospital between June 2017 and June 2018 and who could not have radiological or surgical revascularization are included in the study. Critical limb ischemia patients are those with is defined with ischemic rest pain and/or skin ulceration/gangrene in accordance with current guidelines reflecting patients with Fontaine class 3 and 4. This is a comparative study, 75 with CLI and rest pain and 75 without rest pain, so the NLR was significant in the rest pain group substantiated with the p-value thus proving a a vascular endpoint. An optimal cut-off value for the continuous NLR was calculated by applying a receiver operating curve analysis to discriminate between CLI and non-CLI. In our study occurrence of CLI significantly increased with an increase in NLR. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant and the CI was 95%. Analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results: Using an NLR cutoff of ≥3.2, the area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve was 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.78). Overall, there were a total of 9 (0.06%) deaths and 135(90%) amputations. The amputations were above the ankle in 103 (77%) and below the ankle in 32 (23%). Conclusion: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictive factor for amputation in critical limb ischemia patients. An increased NLR is significantly associated with patients at high risk for CLI and other vascular endpoints. Stratification of patients with CLI according to admission NLR should be considered in the limb survival analyses of future adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials to validate these findings.
Clinker Slurry for Cementing Across Salt Formations
Authors: Huang Hongfei , Wang Chunyu , Yao Xiao , Geng Chenzi
Published: January 2024

Potassium chloride (KCl) is more effective in preventing salt layer dissolution than sodium chloride (NaCl) while cementing across salt formations. This paper studied the effect of KCl on the properties of cement slurry and found that KCl worsened the flowability of cement slurry. Experimental evidence confirmed that an alkaline environment promoted the dissolution of gypsum, leading to its reaction with KCl to produce syngenite. A large amount of needle-shaped syngenite caused the cement slurry to lose flowability. In addition, silica flour slurry was designed to prove the formation of syngenite and the effect of syngenite on the rheological property of the slurry. In a new way, clinker was used to prepare slurry containing KCl to prevent the generation of syngenite. The effect of KCl on the properties of clinker slurry was evaluated. The dissolution experiment of halite in clinker slurry filtrate proved that KCl had a strong ability to inhibit the dissolution of halite.
Effects of Drilling Number and Distribution on Fracture Using the Pulse Plasma on Tight Sand Reservoir
Authors: Li Zhaoxuan , Wang Shuo , Pan Yi , Zhang Rongqi , Chen Jiajun
Published: January 2024

The permeability of unconventional reservoirs is extremely low, resulting in their drainage area being limited to tens of feet. Therefore, researchers have developed an effective stimulation technology that can be used in combination with conventional hydraulic fracturing, namely, pulsed plasma fracturing technology. Pulsed plasma fracturing technology is an efficient and environmentally friendly auxiliary hydraulic fracturing stimulation technology. However, most existing studies have focused only on the effect of pulsed plasma fracturing on single wells, ignoring the effect of the number and distribution of wells drilled on pulsed plasma fracturing. In this paper, pulsed plasma fracturing is studied by a self-built pulsed plasma experimental platform and nonlinear finite element software. First, the generation and propagation mechanism of shock wave, fracture type, and stress field analysis of rock mass in pulsed plasma fracturing technology are discussed. The double-well experiment was carried out by using the experimental platform, and the fracture law of fractures under different wellhead distribution conditions was obtained. In addition, a multiwell mathematical model is established by using the combination of the Euler method and Lagrange method to simulate the interaction between fluid and solid, that is, arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) multimaterial fluid-solid coupling method and the influence of drilling times and wellhead distribution on pulsed plasma fracturing is discussed. Stress analysis shows that the rock is mainly affected by ground stress, liquid column pressure, and shock wave pressure. The experimental results show that the discharge voltage is positively correlated with the shock wave pressure on the rock. The distribution of different wellheads affects the distribution and length of fractures. The double-well experiment makes the fractures easier to fracture. The simulation results show that the fracture length in the connection direction of the two wells is longer, and the fracture length in the vertical direction is shorter. This shows that the number and distribution of drilling affect the initiation and propagation of fractures.
Consortium Blockchain for Reliable Remote Health Monitoring
Authors: Upadrista Venkatesh , Nazir Sajid , Tianfield Huaglory
Published: January 2024

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) are being used across many healthcare uses cases, however these low power devices are often susceptible to cyberattacks, which can compromise medical data security, and privacy. In addition, any critical system design must address a single-point-of-failure (SPoF) as this has a direct impact on the reliability of the deployed environment. One of the ways to overcome these challenges is to secure the IoMT deployments with blockchain technologies. Although blockchain-based digital services promise trust, accountability, and transparency, there are multiple challenges associated with a combined use of IoMT and blockchain, especially for Remote Health Monitoring (RHM). Some of the recent literature describes possible solutions to these challenges however these do not address the challenges fully and are also not foolproof.
In comparison to public blockchains, private blockchains are considerably safe, however, low data availability is one of the major challenges of private blockchains due to its centralized architecture and reliability is hard to achieve as only one enterprise controls the complete system. Health systems needs to be highly available and reliable to ensure real-time patient data availability, especially for monitoring patients with critical illnesses where downtime for data retrieval and unreliable data can be fatal.
In this article, we provide an implementation of a reliable consortium blockchain based RHM application for monitoring critically ill patients in a home environment. The results show that a well-designed consortium blockchain can enhance reliability and avoids a single point of failure, resulting in better health and safety for the patients.
Mapping the pandemic: a review of Geographical Information Systems-based spatial modeling of Covid-19
Authors: Aboalyem Mustafa Shebani , Ismail Mohd Tahir
Published: January 2024

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID‑19 has caused more than 6.5 million deaths, while over 600 million people are infected. With regard to the tools and techniques of disease analysis, spatial analysis is increasingly being used to analyze the impact of COVID‑19. The present review offers an assessment of research that used regional data systems to study the COVID‑19 epidemic published between 2020 and 2022. The research focuses on: categories of the area, authors, methods, and procedures used by the authors and the results of their findings. This input will enable the contrast of different spatial models used for regional data systems with COVID‑19. Our outcomes showed increased use of geographically weighted regression and Moran I spatial statistical tools applied to better spatial and time‑based gauges. We have also found an increase in the use of local models compared to other spatial statistics models/methods.
How to compensate for frailty? The real life impact of geriatric co- management on morbi-mortality after colorectal cancer surgery in patients aged 70 years or older
Authors: PILLE Ariane , MEILLAT Hélène , BRATICEVIC Cécile , LELONG Bernard , ROUSSEAU Frédérique , CECILE Maud , TASSY Louis
Published: January 2024

In Europe, CRC is the second most common cause of cancer death, and surgery remains the mainstay curative treatment. Age and frailty are associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and 1-year mortality. Chronological age is not sufficient to assess the risk of postoperative complications. The CGA has been developed to better identify frail patients. Geriatric co-management have been developed to optimize the post-operative outcomes.
We analyzed the real-life of geriatric co-management within an ERAS program on surgical outcomes at 90 days and oncologic outcomes at 1 year in patients aged 70 years or older after surgery for CRC. This was a retrospective study based on a prospective cohort. Fifty-one patients with a G8 score ≤14 were referred to geriatricians for preoperative CGA (Frail Group). They were compared with 151 patients with a G8 score ≥15 (Robust Group).
In the Frail Group, patients were significantly older with more comorbidities than the patients in the Robust Group. Oncologic characteristics, treatments and global post-operative outcomes were comparable between the two groups. One year after surgery mortality and recurrence rates were similar between the two groups.
Our study suggests that geriatric co-management is feasible and contributes to the reduction of
postoperative morbimortality. Moreover, performing the CGA after G8 score screening and completion of geriatric interventions resulted in similar 90-day postoperative outcomes, in frail patients than in robust patients. Our results confirmed the benefit of geriatric co-management, involving G8 screening, CGA, and ERAS, for frail older patients undergoing surgery for CRC.
Potential landscape connectivity for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) across the northern prairies of North America
Authors: Kramer Corey James , Boudreau Melanie R. , Powers Ryan , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Miller Ryan S. , Brook Ryan K.
Published: January 2024

Understanding landscape scale connectivity is an essential component in the management of invasive species since connectivity facilitates their invasion potential. Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are among the most prolific invaders on the planet, causing billions of dollars in agricultural and environmental damage annually. Newly introduced to Canada in the 1980s, we examined wild pig invasion potential across the northern prairies from western Canada into the currently wild pig-free northern U.S. states. We used GPS collar data collected in the Canadian prairies to quantify resource selection and incorporated results into an electric circuit theory framework to evaluate potential regional landscape connectivity. While available landcover types in this region were dominated by crops and grasslands, wild pigs were predominately located in deciduous forest, crops, and wetlands. Resource selection modelling indicated wild pigs selected deciduous forest and wetlands over other landcover types. These selection tendencies resulted in areas at greater risk of occupation in an intermixture dominated by crops interspersed with waterbodies and deciduous forest fragments, which facilitated movement. Given the pervasiveness of this intermixture across the northern prairies, there was a high potential for invasive wild pigs to move throughout much of the region with areas in southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, northeastern Montana, North and South Dakota, and western portions of Minnesota being particularly vulnerable. Our work highlights a need for monitoring and science-based response strategies for likely southward spread of this invasive species to prevent or reduce potential crop damage, risks to native species, and disease transmission to humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife.
Biological characterization of emerging fungal pathogen Colletotrichum associated with mango (Mangifera indica L.) postharvest anthracnose from Vietnam
Authors: Tao Reize , Yang Bingjuan , Lin Li , Shahzad Munir , Li Yuchuan , Li Jing , Wang Xi , Huang Min
Published: January 2024

Aims: To elucidate the taxonomic status and biological characteristics of the pathogens causing anthracnose of postharvest mango fruit (cultivar Okrong) from Vietnam.
Methods and Results：Based on the morphological features, along with the phylogenetic tree of ITS and ApMat combined sequences, two strains DM-1 and DM-2 isolated from the fruit of Okrong from Vietnam were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola and C. asianum respectively, which were the pathogens of postharvest fruit anthracnose of mango from Vietnam. The growth status of different Colletotrichum strains under different conditions were analyzed to reveal the biological characteristics of different pathogens. The optimum growth temperature of DM-1 and DM-2 was 28 °C with mycelia grow fastest in the dark. Both strains could grow when pH was 4-11, and the optimum pH value was 6. Maltose and soluble starch were the most suitable carbon source for DM-1 and DM-2 respectively, and the peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source for both strains. The lethal temperatures were recorded as 55 °C 5 min for DM-1, and 50 °C 10 min for DM-2.
Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, It is the first time to confirmed that the pathogens of postharvest fruit anthracnose of mango from Vietnam were C. fructicola and C. asianum with different biological characteristics.
Eocene amber provides first fossil record and bridges distributional gap in the rare genus Robsonomyia (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
Authors: Pełczyńska Alicja , Krzemiński Wiesław , Blagoderov Vladimir , Vilhelmsen Lars , Soszyńska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Until now, the genus Robsonomyia was represented by two extant species: R. reducta Matile & Vockeroth, 1980 from North America and R. sciaraeformis (Okada, 1939) from Asia. This paper presents the first fossil members of the genus Robsonomyia, which is also the first record from Europe. Two new fossil species from Baltic amber are described: R. baltica Pełczyńska, Krzemiński & Blagoderov, sp. nov. and R. henningseni Pełczyńska, Krzemiński & Blagoderov, sp. nov.. The presence of fossil Robsonomyia spp. on the European continent suggests Holarctic distribution of the genus in the past. We also discuss possible pathways of its intercontinental dispersion.
Phylosymbiosis drives the distribution of pathogen-protective bacteria in Appalachian salamanders
Authors: Osborne Owen , Jiménez Randall , Byrne Allison , Gratwicke Brian , Ellison Amy , Muletz-Wolz Carly
Published: January 2024

Phylosymbiosis is an association between host-associated microbiome and host phylogeny. This pattern can arise via evolution of host traits, habitat preferences, diets, and co-diversification of hosts and microbes. Understanding the drivers of phylosymbiosis is vital for modelling disease-microbiome interactions and manipulating microbiomes in multi-host systems. This study quantifies phylosymbiosis in Appalachian salamander skin in the context of infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), while accounting for environmental microbiome exposure. We sampled ten salamander species representing >150M years divergence, assessed their Bd infection status, and analysed their skin and environmental microbiomes. Our results reveal a significant signal of phylosymbiosis which was primarily driven by host phylogeny, whereas the local environmental pool of microbes, climate, and geography had a far smaller impact. Host-microbe co-speciation was not evident, indicating that the effect stems from the evolution of host traits influencing microbiome assembly. Wild salamanders hosted putative Bd-inhibitory strains, and their abundance correlated with Bd infection. Five Bd-inhibitory bacteria strains were unusually cosmopolitan: occurring on most host species and habitats. These generalist strains may enhance the likelihood of probiotic manipulations colonising and persisting on hosts. Our results underscore the substantial influence of host-microbiome eco-evolutionary dynamics on environmental health and disease outcomes.
Pattern Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for cancer breast in Iran 2009 to 2019: an observational study based on the global burden of diseases
Authors: Shoorabeh Fazlollah Fathollahi , Khazaei Zaher , Pordanjani Sajjad Rahimi , Abbasi Mahshid , goodarzi Elham
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is the first type of malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology of breast cancer in Iran and its relationship with the human development index. The present study is a descriptive analytical study. Data related to the incidence, mortality, years of life with disability (YLDs), YLLs and DALYs of breast cancer in Iran were extracted from the World Burden of Disease 2019 website. Correlation tests are used to check the relationship between these indicators and the human development index. The highest incidence rate of breast cancer in 2019 is related to the provinces of Gilan (29 per 100,000) and Tehran (28.55 per 100,000) and the highest rate of death from breast cancer is related to the provinces of Gilan (10.71 per 100,000). and Semnan (9.97 in 100,000). The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between DALY (r = 0.626, P < 0.0001), YLL (r = 0.611, P < 0.0001) and YLD (r = 0.773, P < 0.0001) breast cancer with HDI index. There is a positive and significant correlation between the incidence (r = 0.794, P < 0.0001) and mortality (r = 0.503, P = 0.003) of breast cancer with the HDI index. Considering that the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer in the country is increasing, in the fight against breast cancer, an appropriate strategy should be adopted with universal health coverage and, finally, approaches Screening and treatment of breast cancer can reduce the burden caused by this cancer in the country.
Codesigning culturally safe oral health care with First Nations Kidney Warriors experiencing kidney disease in South Australia
Authors: Kelly Janet , Owen Kelli , Tyrell Kate , Clemente Kelly , Steffens Margie , Sinclair Nari , Reynolds Sylvia , Allan Wade
Published: January 2024

Background
This paper describes how First Nations Kidney Warriors (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with kidney disease), dental hygienists, kidney health care professionals, an Aboriginal hostel accommodation manager and researchers co-designed an approach to improve oral health in South Australia. Kidney Warriors have strong connection to Country, Community and family that underpins health, wellbeing and approaches to research. However, significant colonisation, racism and marginalisation have impacted Kidney Warriors’ social, cultural and financial determinants of health, leading to increased chronic conditions including kidney disease. Access to culturally safe, affordable and responsive oral health care is vital but challenging for First Nations people undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation; Australian oral health care is generally provided privately, in metropolitan centres, by professionals who may hold unconscious bias about First Nations peoples and incorrect assumptions regarding equal access to care.
Methods
The AKction – Aboriginal Kidney Care Together Improving Outcomes Now kidney care oral health working group codesigned strategies to address disparities and gaps in care, and co-create more accessible, responsive, culturally safe and sustainable models of care. A decolonising and collaborative participatory action research was informed by Dadirri Deep Listening and Ganma Knowledge Sharing with repeated cycles of look and listen, think and discuss, take action together. A small pilot evaluation survey of clinical placement in an Aboriginal setting was undertaken.
Results
Four phases of collaboration were undertaken. Community and health professional consultations identified key gaps and priorities. Clinical yarning and cultural safety training and an interprofessional skills day was co-facilitated. Dental hygienist student clinical placement at Kanggawodli Aboriginal Hostel was initiated and evaluated. Aboriginal Kidney Warriors were positioned as educators and experts of their own lives and health care needs. A new framework for kidney health - oral health cultural safety and clinical education was developed.
Conclusion
This codesigned approach involving inter-professional collaboration and joint decision making with community members has significantly informed improvements in oral health care information, services and referral with and for First Nations people with kidney disease. This project provides a working example of how to decolonise health service and education programs from the ground up.
Graph-based mitochondrial genomes of three foundation species in the Saccharum genus
Authors: Li Sicheng , Wang Zhen , Jing Yanfen , Duan Weixing , Yang Xiping
Published: January 2024

Saccharum belongs to the Andropogoneae and cultivars species in Saccharum contributes nearly 80% sugar production of the world. To explore the genomic studies in Saccharum, we assembled 15 complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) of three foundation species (Saccharum spontaneum, S. robustum and S. officinarum) using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing data. The mitogenomes of the three species were divided into a total of eight types based on contig numbers and linkages. All mitogenomes in the three species encoded 51 unique genes including 32 protein-coding, 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 16 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The existence of long and short repeat-mediated recombinations in the mitogenome of S. officinarum and S. robustum was revealed and confirmed through PCR validation. Furthermore, employing comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses of the organelle genomes, we unveiled the evolutionary relationships and history of the major interspecific lineages in the Saccharum genus. Phylogenetic analyses of homologous fragments between S. officinarum and S. robustum showed that S. officinarum and S. robustum are phylogenetically distinct, and that they were likely parallel rather than domesticated. The variations between ancient (S. sinense and S. barberi) and modern cultivated species (S. hybrid) possibly resulted from hybridization involving different S. officinarum accessions. Lastly, this project reported the first graph-based mitogenome of three Saccharum species, and systematic comparison of the structural organization, evolutionary processes, and pan-structural variation of the Saccharum mitochondrial genomes revealed the differential features of the Saccharum mitochondrial genomes.
The C-terminal proline-rich repeats of Enteropathogenic E. coli effector EspF are sufficient for the depletion of tight junction membrane proteins and interactions with early and recycling endosomes
Authors: Ansari Imran , Mandal Anupam , Kansal Kritika , Walling Pangertoshi , Khan Sumbul , Aijaz Saima
Published: January 2024

Background Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes acute infantile diarrhea accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. EPEC uses a type three secretion system to translocate more than twenty effectors into the host intestinal cells. At least four of these effectors, namely EspF, Map, EspG1/G2 and NleA, are reported to disrupt the intestinal tight junction barrier. We have reported earlier that the expression of EspF and Map in MDCK cells causes the depletion of the TJ membrane proteins and compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In the present study, we have examined the role of the domains within the C-terminus of EspF in the depletion of tight junction proteins and identified key endocytosis markers that interact with EspF.Results We generated mutant EspF proteins which lacked one or more proline-rich repeats (PRRs) at the C-terminus of EspF and examined the effect of their expression on the cellular localization of tight junction membrane proteins. In lysates derived from cells expressing the mutant EspF proteins, we found that the C-terminal PRRs of EspF are sufficient for the depletion of TJ membrane proteins. Pull-down assays revealed that these domains mediate interactions with the TJ adaptor proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2 as well as with the proteins involved in endocytosis such as caveolin-1, Rab5a and Rab11.Conclusions Our study demonstrates the direct role of the proline-rich repeat domains of EspF in the depletion of the TJ proteins and a possible involvement of these domains in the endocytosis of host proteins. New therapeutic strategies can target these PRR domains to prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction in EPEC infections.