bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice, workplace flexibility and care needs in the digital age: a comparison between the German and Italian legal approaches
Authors: De Castro Raffaello Santagata
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is twofold: to highlight the potential and limitations of the new right to request flexible working arrangements for caring purposes, as established in Directive no. 2019/1158, and to consider, through an overview of the EU law, whether and to what extent this right can be interpreted in a manner that truly favours the interests of workers with care-related responsibilities over those of employers. The paper analyses some examples of approaches taken regarding the implementation of the right to request flexible working arrangements in two different jurisdictions, such as Germany and Italy, and compares the transposing choices made in the two different legal contexts. The author argues, also in light of this investigation, that the potential of the duty to provide flexible working arrangements could be, to a certainextent, enhanced through the application of the prohibition of indirect discrimination, from which a sort of duty of accommodation could be inferred. The duty to provide flexible working arrangements could constitute the procedural tool to apply and enhance the proportionality test and reasonable accommodation.
Pomiędzy ustnością a pisemnością rozprawy – charakterystyka, istota i cele załącznika do protokołu w sprawach pracowniczych
Authors: Matuszak Michał
Published: December 2024

W ostatnich latach do sądów trafia coraz więcej spraw pracowniczych, a samo postępowanie jest coraz bardziej sformalizowane i skomplikowane. Strony sporu sądowego mają do dyspozycji liczne narzędzia mogące służyć uzyskaniu końcowego korzystnego rezultatu, w tym instytucję załącznika do protokołu. To zagadnienie nie było w przeszłości zbyt często analizowane przez doktrynę, dlatego istnieje przestrzeń do czynienia rozważań. W artykule przedstawiono załącznik do protokołu od strony praktycznej oraz wskazano jako możliwości oraz trudności są z nim bezpośrednio oraz pośrednio związane.
Konstytucja – dobro wspólne między systemem prawnym a teorią chaosu
Authors: Zubik Marek
Published: December 2024

This article is an attempt to analyse the sources of the Polish “constitutional crisis” through the prism of chaos theory derived from the exact sciences. The considerations focus on the legal causes of the deformation of the solutions of the 1997 Constitution of the Republic of Poland that have taken place since the end of 2015. The author starts from the assumption that both the Constitution and the law are part of the common good. Thus, he considers violations of these solutions as a social evil. He therefore tries to identify the conditions that made possible the systemic departure from the constitutional solutions adopted in 1997. In the article, the author points to the relationship between political and legal culture and the actual regulatory significance of the solutions of the Basic Law. However, he focuses his analysis on viewing law and politics as systems that consist of a number of simple starting principles. Such an approach allows the use of the aforementioned theory derived from the exact sciences to indicate the dependencies that arise from it when analysing social phenomena.
Glosa do Wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 13 grudnia 2022 r., sygn. akt K 3/22
Authors: Truszkowski Mikołaj , Warston Anna
Published: December 2024

The discussed judgement of the Constitutional Tribunal of 13 December 2022, ref. no. K 3/22 refers to the age restriction for candidates for judicial and prosecutorial apprenticeships established as a result of the amendment of July 2018. The Constitutional Tribunal ruled that it was inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, adopting Article 60 in conjunction with Article 31(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the model of control. However, the Constitutional Tribunal found it unnecessary to examine the legality of the contested provisions with Article 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which establishes the principle of equality. The authors have analysed this judgement, discussing the indicated patterns of constitutional control. The issue thus becomes part of the ongoing scientific discourse on the status of a judge and the state of the rule of law in Poland. Completion of an apprenticeship at the National School of Judiciary and Public Prosecution is the main path to the profession of judge and a prosecutor.
Opinia prawna dotycząca kwestii, czy, a jeżeli tak, to w jaki sposób wymogi prawa Unii Europejskiej oraz Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka, w szczególności wyjaśnione i zastosowane w orzeczeniach Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka oraz Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej dotyczących statusu Izby Kontroli Nadzwyczajnej i Spraw Publicznych Sądu Najwyższego, mają wpływ na ramy prawne działania Marszałka Sejmu określone w art. 249–251 Kodeksu wyborczego
Authors: Mik Cezary
Published: December 2024

The opinion analyses the impact of the law of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights on the actions of the Marshal of the Sejm with regard to the referral of an appeal against an order terminating a Member’s mandate to the Supreme Court. It is considered that the actions of the Marshal of the Sejm in this respect are of a technical nature and are not related to decision-making understood as acts of law application. The Marshal of the Sejm is obliged to refer the appeal to the Supreme Court and may not invoke the law of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights as a basis for the decision on which Chamber of the Supreme Court to refer the appeal to. The question of the termination of a Member’s mandate is not a matter covered by European Union law or the European Convention on Human Rights. Judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights do not constitute a direct basis for acts of law application undertaken by state authorities, but require implementation into Polish law. At the same time, rulings indicating irregularities in the staffing of courts, including the Supreme Court, to the extent that they are dysfunctional from the perspective of the effective operation of European Union law and the implementation of obligations arising from the European Convention on Human Rights, require executive action by the Council of Ministers as the body constitutionally responsible for conducting the state’s foreign policy, including taking action to implement the international obligations of the Republic of Poland.
Republika Włoska: Wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego nr 131 z 2022 r. w przedmiocie zgodności z Konstytucją przepisów włoskiego prawa rodzinnego i praw pokrewnych dotyczących nadawania dzieciom nazwisk
Authors: Berezowski Łukasz Jan
Published: December 2024

In this case, the Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic overturned the validity of the contested provisions of Italian family law, which prohibited parents from giving only the mother’s surname to their child, even if they both agreed to it. The Court declared these provisions unconstitutional not only because they did not allow the will of the parents to be respected, as argued by the common courts, but also because the challenged norm was based on the presumption prescribing the father’s surname as a distinctive feature, determining the family’s identity. Despite international obligations and previous rulings of the Court, which considered the automatic assignment the father’s surname to children to be outdated and incompatible with the principle of equality, there was a lack of intervention by the legislature in this regard. As a consequence, the Court invalidated the provision of the Civil Code, along with other related regulations implying the automatic assignment of the father’s surname to children. The amendment to the family law that is under way as a result of the Italian Court’s decision implicitly provides for the attribution of both parents’ surnames to children, unless the parents agree to give the child the surname of only one of them.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Stan przestrzegania Konstytucji RP – diagnoza”, Senat RP, Warszawa, 11 czerwca 2024 r.
Authors: Jamróz Lech
Published: December 2024

On 11 June 2024, a conference entitled “The State of Observance of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – Diagnosis” was held at the seat of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. The conference was co-organised by the Polish Association of Constitutional Law and the Senate of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this scientific meeting was to exchange views and formulate a position on the methods and possibilities of restoring the rule of law and the participation of Polish constitutionalists in this process. The conference was the culmination of work on the Report on the State of Observance of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland during the 9th term of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (2019–2023), which was published in December 2023. The conference was attended by a large group of constitutionalists, as well as practitioners. The speakers’ speeches and discussions focused on the problems of the current state of state bodies in the context of serious violations of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland committed in recent years.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Kelompok Mentari (Menuai Kreativitas Istri) dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Ekonomi Susu Kambing Ettawa Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Batubara Beby Masitho , Riadi Selamat , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: December 2024

The production of Ettawa goat milk from the Mentari women's group breeders is quite high but this is inversely proportional to the management of goat milk processing which should get a lot of economic value from the milk produced by the Mentari women's group. The production of Ettawa goat's milk, which has been running so far, has no economic value for goat breeders and is still processed conventionally. This problem is also strengthened by the members' knowledge of using technology so that there is no regular promotion or marketing either directly or using online media such as Instagram. , Facebook, E-Commerce, or website. Apart from that, so far the Ettawa goat's milk produced is only fresh milk, with production results which on certain days are quite high, not commensurate with consumer demand, which in the end the quality of the milk has been damaged, and cannot be resold, there is no milk processing, as variations in the use of milk and its economic value into various products such as yogurt and kefir (with fermentation), and soap. Milk processing is not carried out by the Mentari women's group because of limited knowledge, technology, and production equipment to process goat's milk. The importance of training and assistance on how to process Ettawa goat milk into various dairy products that have economic value and are liked by consumers, the use of technology for online marketing and sales as well as institutional strengthening of the Mentari women farmer group as a group that collaborates in milk processing and milk marketing and variants together to move towards a more professional group.
Pelatihan Penanganan Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao serta Manajemen Pemasaran dan Keuangan dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan Kelompok Tani Kakao
Authors: Khairad Fastabiqul , Qolby Friskia Hanatul , Putra Vicka Pramudya
Published: December 2024

This Community Service Program (PKM) collaborated with the Pincuran Ruyuang Farmers Group, which focuses on cacao cultivation and is located in Nagari Solok Bio-Bio, Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The main issue in cacao farming production is phytophthora fruit rot, while the management problems include marketing and financial management of the cacao farm. This program's focus was to provide farmer group members with training to address these issues. Several activities were conducted, including community outreach, Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) training for cacao, marketing management training, fruit rot disease control, and liming and fertilization training. The training results showed an 85.48% increase in partners' understanding of GAP and an 83.33% increase in GAP application. Additionally, a reduction in fruit rot disease was observed during the PKM activities. Partners' understanding of marketing and financial management also improved by 85.50%. This increased knowledge is hoped to enable partners to implement better marketing strategies, leading to higher sales and profits.
Inovasi Limbah Kayu Sungai Batang Serangan Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejaahteraan Masyarakat Desa Sei Serdang
Authors: Prayudi Ahmad , Siregar Nina Siti Salmaniah , Rambe Yunita Safitri , Yusnini Yusnini , Sari Warsani Purnama , Rosalina Dhian
Published: December 2024

Sei Serdang Village, located in the Tangkahan Ecotourism area, is part of the Gunung Leuser National Park, a popular tourist destination. However, the Batang Serangan River, which runs through the village, poses a significant problem because its banks are filled with broken wood debris, creating a risk of flash floods. To address this, a program was initiated to train local souvenir and furniture craftsmen in Sei Serdang to manage the wood waste from the river. Through this waste management effort, production costs can be reduced, the river can be cleaned of wood debris, and the community's welfare can improve. The program employed a participatory approach, combining lectures, discussions, training, and monitoring. The stages included observation, wood waste design training, preservation, production, finishing, and final evaluation. Based on the evaluations, the craftsmen's understanding of wood waste management increased by 40%, business potential awareness by 10%, and river conservation awareness by 15%. Twenty out of forty participants successfully created innovative craft and furniture designs, while twenty-five participants utilized wood waste as production materials. Additionally, the use of wood waste led to production cost savings of up to 26.67% for souvenirs and 25% for more complex furniture items.
Optimisasi Pengukuran dan Pengendalian Suhu pada Furnace Industri Menggunakan Termokopel Tipe K dan Sistem PID
Authors: Desmira Desmira , Martias Martias
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi metode pengukuran dan pengendalian suhu dalam furnace yang digunakan untuk proses pemanasan baja mentah, dengan tujuan memastikan suhu yang diukur di setiap zona furnace dapat dikontrol dan dipertahankan pada tingkat yang optimal untuk pembakaran. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan dengan menggunakan sensor termokopel tipe K yang ditempatkan di tiga zona utama furnace, yaitu zone 1, zone 2A, dan zone 2B. Sensor termokopel dipilih karena memiliki kemampuan untuk mengukur suhu dalam rentang yang luas, dari -200 °C hingga 1250 °C, serta ketahanannya terhadap suhu tinggi, respon cepat, dan akurasi pengukuran yang tinggi dengan kesalahan kurang dari 1 °C. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa suhu di zone 1 mencapai 746,7 °C, di zone 2A mencapai 937,0 °C, dan di zone 2B mencapai 877,4 °C. Meskipun sensor termokopel mampu memberikan hasil yang akurat, suhu yang terukur belum mencapai standar yang dibutuhkan untuk pembakaran baja yang optimal, yaitu 1150 °C di zone 1 dan 1250 °C di zone 2A dan 2B. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyesuaian lebih lanjut dalam pengaturan furnace untuk mencapai suhu yang diinginkan. Untuk memfasilitasi pengendalian suhu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan sistem kontrol PID yang terintegrasi dengan Human Machine Interface (HMI). Sistem ini memungkinkan pemantauan suhu secara real-time dan memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan penyesuaian suhu sesuai kebutuhan. Dengan kontrol yang tepat, proses pembakaran dalam furnace dapat dilakukan secara maksimal, yang berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan kualitas produk baja yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam pengembangan metode pengukuran dan kontrol suhu yang lebih efektif dalam industri metalurgi.
An Overview of Indigenous Economies within Canada
Authors: Chernoff Alex , Cheung Calista
Published: December 2024

Les tentatives pour mesurer les aspects des économies autochtones du Canada sont limitées par la disponibilité et la qualité des données. Inspirés par les sources de données et les recherches les plus récentes, les auteurs donnent un aperçu de ces économies et de leur relation avec l’économie du Canada. Cet aperçu inclut une discussion des marchés du travail et des caractéristiques des entreprises autochtones. Selon plusieurs mesures, les répercussions économiques se sont améliorées chez les peuples autochtones depuis quelques dizaines d'années, mais certains milieux institutionnels et certaines lacunes de l'infrastructure et du financement continuent de nuire à la progression de l’économie. La création de nouvelles institutions aide les communautés autochtones à surmonter ces obstacles historiques. Cependant, des progrès devront continuer d’être réalisés pour améliorer les données sur les économies autochtones pour que les décideurs autochtones et canadiens puissent prendre des décisions éclairées.
Concept «EDUCATION» and its Subconcepts in the Consciousness of Ukrainian managers
Authors: Mykhalchuk Nataliia , Kharchenko Nataliia , Kalmykov Heorhii , Ivashkevych Ernest , Ivashkevych Eduard , Hupavtseva Nataliia , Мysаn Іnna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research was to describe the meanings of the concept EDUCATION, actualized in the semantic field of linguistic consciousness of managers, who connect their professional activity with IT-technologies.
Methods. Theoretical methods were categorical and structurally-functional analysis of lexical units, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical ones – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the ways of explication of the concept EDUCATION and its subconcepts in the consciousness of Ukrainian students we used the associative experiment; the designations of the kernel and the periphery of the concept EDUCATION were included as stimulus-words.
Results. The first synonym series with a dominant subconcept “The process of teaching and training people” of the concept EDUCATION is characterized by seven synonyms: teaching; learning; instruction; schooling; tuition. Learning is a dominant. The second synonym series with a dominant subconcept “Knowledge, skills or experience acquired or developed in the process of learning” includes such synonyms: knowledge, skills, erudition, inculcation, etc. The dominant is knowledge as the awareness or understanding obtained information as a result of experience or training. The third synonym series includes a subconcept “Study of teaching methods and theories”. The dominant of it is the synonym of indoctrination. The fourth synonymous row has a subconcept “Teaching a certain subject”. Its dominant is сoaching. The fifth series includes a subconcept “People who are engaged into the process of teaching”. We consider teaching as a dominant synonym of it. The sixth synonym series has a subconcept “To be obtained in the process of learning”. We believe that the dominant synonym of the sixth series is upbringing.
Conclusions. All subconcepts of the concept EDUCATION are complex, paradigmatic ones, in their structure and content. This is evidenced by generalized names of the subconcepts and the constituent elements, having been included in each of them. The concept EDUCATION includes three double cores, of which the dominant, largest core is the one that includes the following subconcepts: “The process of teaching and training people”, “Knowledge, skills or experience acquired or developed in the process of learning”. Thus, the process of teaching and training people and knowledge, skills or experience acquired or developed in the process of learning for contemporary managers are the most important ones in their professional and personal life.
تأثير ضريبة المبيعات على النمو الاقتصادي في الأردن
Authors: السواعي خالد محمد
Published: December 2024

الأهداف: تبحث هذه الدراسة تأثير ضريبة المبيعات على النمو الاقتصادي في الأردن خلال الفترة 1994-2019، حيث اختبرت فرضية العلاقة بين حاصلات ضريبة المبيعات والنمو الاقتصادي. المنهجية: على أساس نظرية التكامل المشترك استخدمت ثلاثة أنواع من المنهجيات الإحصائية: اختبار الحدود ونموذج تصحيح الأخطاء متعدد المتغيرات ونموذج الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة ARDL وإجراء المربعات الصغرى الديناميكية DOLS، ونتيجة للتغيرات الهيكلية في الاقتصاد الأردني تم تطبيق تقنيات السلاسل الزمنية التي تأخذ بالاعتبار الفواصل الهيكلية. النتائج: لعبت ضريبة المبيعات دورًا إيجابيًا في النمو الاقتصادي وقيادته، حيث حققت زيادة في النمو في الأجل الطويل بنسبة تتراوح بين 0.35 -40 %؛ لأن حصيلة ضريبة المبيعات هي انعكاس للإنفاق الحكومي، وسببت التوسع السريع بالنفقات الحكومية، لاعتماد النفقات الحكومية على الإيرادات الضريبية-بالأخص ضريبة المبيعات التي اقتربت من 50% منها. كما أظهرت نتائج المدى القصير باستخدام منهجية ARDL أن عملية تصحيح العلاقة طويلة الأجل بين حصيلة ضريبة المبيعات والنمو الاقتصادي صححت ما نسبته 56.4% من خلل السنة الحالية عن مسار توازن السنة الماضية. الخلاصة: استنادًا إلى هذه النتائج، قدمت الدراسة عدة توصيات، منها أنه قد يكون من الحكمة تعزيز النمو الاقتصادي في الأردن بتشجيع الاستثمار بدلًا من الضرائب عمومًا.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: Enhancing Online Shopping Experience and Personalization
Authors: Alkudah Noor M. , Almomani Tareq O.
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The research seeks to introduce a fresh method to improve the online shopping experience by incorporating diverse Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategies. The goals include facilitating personalized shopping experiences, lowering customer churn in e-commerce platforms, and delivering efficient product suggestions. The study also aims to investigate the constraints and difficulties linked to integrating AI technologies in e-commerce. Methods: The research utilizes an extensive examination of AI methods such as ML, neural networks, fuzzy logic, and evolutionary computation, along with their use in personalized marketing, product suggestions, chatbots, and fraud detection. The study combines current literature, case studies, and practical applications from top e-commerce platforms like Amazon and Alibaba, examining the utilization of AI methods to enhance user satisfaction and operational productivity. Results: Incorporating AI methods in online business has displayed considerable promise in improving customer happiness, boosting revenue, and lowering operating expenses. Tailored recommendation systems and conversational agents have proven highly successful in enhancing user interaction and minimizing the time shoppers dedicate to product exploration. Still, obstacles like maintaining data privacy, connecting to current systems, and the high cost of implementing AI technology are major hindrances to wider acceptance, especially for smaller online retail sites. Conclusion: AI-powered solutions could completely transform the e-commerce industry by providing personalized, efficient, and secure shopping experiences. Yet, achieving success involves addressing obstacles concerning data accuracy, integrating systems, and privacy issues. Future studies should concentrate on creating AI solutions that are more scalable and can be easily implemented across e-commerce platforms of all sizes.
Theoretical and methodological foundations for the implementation of controlling and monitoring systems in agro-industrial enterprises
Authors: NOSACH Nataliia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the implementation of controlling and monitoring systems in agro-industrial enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze, systematize, summarize, and improve the theoretical and methodological support for the implementation of controlling and monitoring systems in agro-industrial enterprises. The article examines modern approaches to the implementation of monitoring and controlling systems in enterprises, which play a significant role in ensuring their effective operation. It is substantiated that modern methods of controlling and monitoring, based on big data analysis, digital technologies, and management systems, are becoming an essential tool for strategic development. It is determined that monitoring allows for obtaining real-time information about the state of production processes, identifying deviations from planned indicators, and adjusting activities in real-time. It is noted that controlling performs an integrative function between management decisions and production results, ensuring continuous analysis of the enterprise's economic efficiency. Special attention is given to agro-industrial enterprises, where the implementation of such systems helps optimize resource use, reduce costs, and increase profitability. The article discusses modern monitoring methods, including the use of remote sensing, the Internet of Things, geographic information systems, drones, and artificial intelligence. The importance of environmental controlling for compliance with ecological standards is also emphasized. It is concluded that managing agro-industrial enterprises requires the use of comprehensive control systems that contribute to the optimization of production processes and increased operational efficiency. In particular, the control within such systems should focus on monitoring the execution of planned tasks, assessing performance results, and timely detecting possible deviations. The article highlights the importance of implementing ERP systems to integrate financial, strategic, and operational management, which allows for the optimization of business processes and enhances enterprise competitiveness in the context of globalization.
Modeling the business process of the procedure for submitting documents for state attestation in the context of digitalization
Authors: DOHTIEVA Iryna , ZHARINOV Serhii , KRASOVSKYI Oleksii
Published: December 2024

The work analyzed regulatory legal acts and that regulates relations on issues of State attestation, including draft. Two groups of acts have been identified for State attestations conducted in the past. The analysis of the groups showed the specificity of the procedures for Scientific Institutions and Higher Education Institutions, the presence of different input data, different architectures of expert environments, and the format of the results. Separate systems with different levels of automation were also used. Currently, a common pool of normative legal acts regarding State attestation is being formed for all types of institutions in a specified scientific direction. In the acts, attention is focused on the State attestation system, which in the structure of the National Electronic Scientific Information System, NAUKA is defined as a functional module for the State attestation. As part of the development of this module business process (BPMN 2.0 notation) for the submission by Scientific Institutions and Higher Education Institutions of applications, informational materials, and other documents to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine was built. When modeling the procedure, integration with other NAUKA modules is ensured, which will not only simplify the submission of documents, filling in information, but also allow the accumulation of current information about institutions. Also, during the construction of the business process, inconsistencies and inaccuracies were found in the projects of normative legal acts regarding the procedural aspects of State attestation. Variants of their elimination are implemented in the built business process and described in the materials of proposals with justifications for the relevant drafts within the framework of public discussion.
Estudos da Religião na Amazônia
Authors: Grunewald Leif , Moraes Abimar Oliveira de , Ecco Clóvis
Published: December 2024

O e-Book “Estudos da Religião na Amazônia” explora a rica diversidade religiosa da região, destacando a interconexão entre fé, cultura e política. A obra defende uma abordagem interdisciplinar, essencial para compreender as complexas dinâmicas sociais que moldam as práticas religiosas.

O texto enfatiza o papel vital das religiões afro-brasileiras e indígenas, que se entrelaçam com o catolicismo popular, refletindo um sincretismo único. Além disso, aborda a urgente necessidade de uma teologia ecológica, inspirada na encíclica Laudato Si’, que propõe o cuidado com a criação como um caminho de salvação.

Com uma análise provocativa e original, os autores desta obra convidam pesquisadores e leitores a repensar a espiritualidade contemporânea, revelando como novas expressões religiosas emergem em resposta aos desafios atuais, promovendo um diálogo enriquecedor entre tradição e inovação.
Development of a subunit vaccine against virus of african svine virus based on cd2v protein with immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics methods
Authors: Ivanovsky A. S. , Timofeev V. I. , Kalach A. V. , Kordonskaya Y. V. , Marchenkova M. A. , Pisarevsky Y. V. , Dyakova Y. A. , Kovalchuk M. V.
Published: December 2024

A subunit vaccine against the African swine fever virus (ASF) has been designed using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics methods. The three-dimensional structure of the selected immunogenic protein of the ASF-CD2v virus was modelled, and its topology relative to the membrane was predicted. B- and T-cell epitopes for the supramembrane part of CD2v were predicted, and their immunogenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity were evaluated. In order to facilitate the development of a subunit vaccine, the least variable site was identified on the basis of an analysis of the conservatism of the predicted epitopes. The stability of the selected supramembrane site in an aqueous salt solution was evaluated using molecular dynamics methods, and it was demonstrated that the site is structurally stable. The immunomodulation method has demonstrated that the developed candidate vaccine is capable of eliciting a sustained immune response and does not result in the development of a cytokine storm.
Bi nanostructures obtained on Si substrates by thermal evaporation method
Authors: Kozhemyakin G. N. , Kiiko S. A. , Kiiko A. V. , Artemov V. V. , Volchkov I. S.
Published: December 2024

Bi low dimensional structures were obtained on the Si(100) substrates by thermal evaporation method in Ar. Bi nanocrystals and nanowires were condensed on the Si substrates at 10–20 s deposition time. Computer processing of SEM-images was used to determine the sizes of Bi nanocrystals and microcrystals and their distribution densities. The distribution density of nanocrystals was larger than its the microcrystals by a factor of 85–260. The increase of deposition time up to 20 s reduced the nanocrystal density by a factor of 2 with the increase of their sizes. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed oxide layers on the Bi nanocrystals and the Si substrates. The decrease in the sizes of the Bi nanocrystals and the increase in their density on the Si substrates in comparison with those on glassy carbon substrates were observed.
Analysis of Learning Motivation and Self-Confidence in Mathematics Learning Among Elementary School Students in Bogor Regency
Authors: Fathunnisa Mega , Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: December 2024

Learning motivation and self-confidence are crucial qualities that students must possess as they serve as capital for effective learning, particularly in Mathematics. This research aims to analyze the learning motivation and self-confidence of Elementary School students in Mathematics. The research population includes 54 individuals, comprising fourth and sixth-grade students of SDN Tegal 02, Kemang District, Bogor Regency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach and used a questionnaire as the research instrument. Descriptive quantitative analysis was conducted for data analysis. The results indicate that the learning motivation and self-confidence of SDN Tegal 02 students in mathematics fall within the moderate criteria, with 50% for learning motivation and 87% for self-confidence. In terms of learning motivation, the only moderate indicator is a conducive learning environment, with a percentage of 62.96%. Regarding self-confidence, five out of six indicators are in the moderate criteria, particularly in independence, with a percentage of 81.5%. These indicators highlight the significance of the teacher's role in creating a conducive learning environment and using appropriate models to enhance students' learning motivation and self-confidence in mathematics education. In SDN Tegal 02, Bogor Regency, female students tend to have higher motivation and confidence than male students. However, both male and female students with high motivation levels also exhibit high self-confidence, as do those with moderate and low motivation levels.
Pendidikan Perempuan Menurut Murtadha Muthahhari
Authors: Sufiyana Yessi , Rusydi Ibnu
Published: December 2024

Pada masa pemerintahan india belanda sistem pendidikan di Indonesia memiliki tujuan untuk menjadikan warga negara mengabdi pada kepentingan penjajah. Dengan kata lain pendidikan bermaksud untuk mencetak tenaga-tenaga yang dijadikan alat untuk memperkuat pendudukan penjajah oleh karena itu isi pendidikanpun hanya sekedar pengetahuan dan kecakapan yang dapat membantu mempertahankan ekonomi politik dan penjajah pada masa itu pendidikan untuk kaum perempuan dirasa tidak perlu dan tidak memberikan manfaat karna meskipun bersekolah, anak perempuan pada akhirnya tidak pernah bekerja dan mereka hanya menjadi ibu rumah tangga yang hanya bertugas melayani suami, sehingga pendidikan dirasa sia-sia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pendidikan Perempuan Menurut Murtadha Muthahhari. Metode yang peneliti gunakan yaitu menggunakan teknik metode kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat postpositivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah. Kesimpulan bahwa setiap warga negara memiliki kesempatan seluas-luasnya untuk menjadi peserta didik baik laki-laki maupun perempuan melalui pendidikan sekolah ataupun pendidikan diluar sekolah. Dan diharapkan dapat belajar pada tahap mana saja dari kehidupan dalam mengembangkan dirinya sebagai manusia Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mengetahui bagaimana konsep pendidikan dalam pandangan islam dan bagaimana Pendidikan Perempuan Menurut Murtadha Muthahari dalam islam. Adapun jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analisis buku dari buku – buku karya Mutadha Muttahari Dan menunjukkan hasil islam memandang bahwa perempuan merupakan mahluk yang mulia dan memiliki keutamaan islam juga memberikan kebebasan terhadap perempuan dalam memperoleh pendidikan serta dalam pandangan murtadha muttahari mendukung penuh kebebasan perempuan untuk belajar berfikir dan memberikan pendapat.
PENGARUH MEDIA PDA (POTATOS DEXTROSE AGAR) DENGAN KONSENTRASI DEXTROSE YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MISELIUM JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH ( Pleurotus ostreatus )
Authors: Mustofa Jamil  , Leni Sri Mulyani  , Siti nurkamilah
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi Dextrose yang berbeda dalam media PDA (Potatos Dextrose Agar) terhadap pertumbuhan miselium jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan jumlah perlakuan sebanyak lima perlakuan, antara lain penambahan Dextrose dengan konsentrasi 10 gram, 15 gram, 20 gram, 25 gram, dan 30 gram. Jumlah sampel penelitian yaitu sebanyak 25 media. Setelah dilakukan inokulasi atau peletakan bibit jamur tiram kedalam media selanjutnya penginkubasian selama dua belas hari dan dilakukan pencatatan pertumbuhan setiap dua hari sekali, kemudian data pertumbuhn miselium jamur tiram putih diolah menggunakan uji statistik diantaranya uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji hipotesis (anova) dan uji lanjutan (post hoc test). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data menggunakan uji statistik, dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi Dextrose yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan miselium jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). Adapun pemberian konsentrasi Dextrose yang berpengaruh optimum untuk pertumbuhan miselium jamur tiram putih, yaitu penambahan Dextrose dengan konsentrasi 20 gram dengan parameter yang diukur adalah percepatan pertumbuhan miselium per dua hari satu kali selama dua belas hari.
ANALISIS PROFIL KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS (KPS) DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SISWA PADA MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI
Authors: Nurhadiani  , Dew  , Diah Ika Putri
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kemampuan keterampilan proses sains siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di SMA NEGERI 6 GARUT. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan dalam satu kali pertemuan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA, sedangkan sempel yang digunakan adalah kelas X MIPA 7. Istrumen yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah lembar observasi. Adapun kemampuan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah keterampilanmengamati, keterampilan menggunakan alat dan bahan, keterampilan mengklasifikasikan, dan keterampilan mengkomunikasikan. Analisis data yang digunakan dengan pensekoranterhadap setiap indikator kemampuan keterampilan proses sains siswa pada jenjang sangat baik sekali, baik, cukup dan kurang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umumtingkat kemampuan keterampilan proses sains dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berada pada predikat baik, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan presentase 72,56 %. Kondisi ini sesuai dengan datahasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada tiap indikator-indikator keterampilan proses sains yaitu:(1) Keterampilan mengobservasi 76,0 % menunjukkan keterampilan dengan predikat baik, (2) Keterampilan menggunakan alat dan bahan 83,3 % menunjukan keterampilan dengan predikat baik sekali, (3) keterampilan mengklasifikasikan 60,62%dengan predikat cukup, (4)keterampilan mengkomunikasikan 70,35 % menunjukkan predikat baik.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AUDITORY INTELLECTUALLY REPETITION (AIR) PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI MANUSIA KELAS XI DI SMA NEGERI 25 GARUT
Authors: Lusi Susanti  , De Budi Irwan Taofik  , Asep Rohayat
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan model auditory intellectually repetition(AIR) terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem gerak manusia. Metode penelitian ini adalah pre experimental. Instrumen berbentuk tes objektif berupa pretest dan posttest. Yang menjadi sampel yaitu kelas XI IPA 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata sebelum pembelajaran sebesar 40,33 dan setelah pembelajaran sebesar 79,11. Peningkatan hasil belajar kategori tinggi diraih oleh 15 siswa (33,30%), kategori sedang diraih oleh 30 siswa (66,70%). Ketuntasan belajar mencapai angka sebesar 86,70%. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil belajar dinyatakan bahwa Model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectualy, Repetition (AIR) pada materi sistem reproduksi manusia efektif dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa.
KUALITAS NATA DE NIRA ( Arenga pinnata) MELALUI LAMANYA FERMENTASI
Authors: Leni Sri Mulyani  , Yuli sumiati  , SRI MULYANINGSIH
Published: December 2024

Pohon aren atau enau (arenga pinnata) adalah pohon yang banyak dijumpai di daerah tropis dan merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam. Pohon aren atau enau (Arenga pinnata Merr) adalah pohon yang banyak dijumpai di daerah tropis dan merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam yang berkesinambungan karena tersebar luas. Pada umumnya semua bagian dari pohon aren dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia, pohon aren ini sebagian besar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan, keranjang, kerajinan tangan, atap rumah dan hasil lainnya seperti nira, gula merah, cuka aren, campuran pengembang roti, kolang kaling, sapu ijuk, tali ijuk, bahan anyaman, dan akar aren digunakan sebagai untuk obat herbal. (Sumarni, 2003). Pada penelitian ini yang akan diteliti adalah nira aren dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan pencernaan. Salah satunya adalah dibuat produk minuman nata, yaitu nata de nira. Dengan demikian, para petani nira aren tidak hanya memproduksi gula merah, tetapi juga memproduksi produk sampingan berupa nata de nira, sehinggapendapatan para petani nira aren semakin sejahtera. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu fermentasi terhadap kualitas nata de nira. Kualitas nata de nira yang dilihat adalah rendemen, ketebalan, dan sifat organoleptiknya yaitu warna, rasa, aroma, dan tekstur. Variasi waktu fermentasi adalah A (10 hari), B (11 hari), C (12 hari), D (13 hari), dan E (14 hari). Dengan bahan tambahan yaitu gula pasir, ZAfood grade, asam asetat dan starter bakteri Azetobacter xylinum sebanyak 25%, dihasilkan nata de niradengan rata-rata ketebalan dan rendemen terbaik pada fermentasi hari ke 14 dengan hasil berturut-turut yaitu 1,11 cm dan 58,94%. Sedangkan warna dan rasa yang lebih disukai panelis adalah pada perlakuan B(11 hari). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh variasi waktu fermentasi terhadap kualitas rendemen, ketebalan, warna dan rasa. Sedangkan untuk tekstur dan aroma tidak terdapat pengaruh.Kata Kunci : Nata de nira, A. xylinum, ketebalan, rendemen, sifat organoleptik
Drug use in pregnancy and breast feeding: the role of the pharmacist
Authors: Merlob Paul , Stahl Bracha , Kaplan Boris
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the present study was to examine the rate of pharmacist counseling of women who use drugs during pregnancy and/or breast feeding. The data were collected by personal interview (taken by a physician specially trained in teratology) with 204 mothers at discharge from the maternity ward (2–3 days after delivery) and by telephone or personal visit with 66 hospital and private pharmacists. Of the 204 women questioned, only 18 (8.8%) were counseled by the pharmacist and always at their initiative and 16 women (7.8%) had read the information leaflet accompanying the drug. Six (9%) of the pharmacists interviewed provided information to the pregnant or breast feeding women. Therefore, very few pharmacists counsel their pregnant and breast feeding patients. Pharmacists must be made aware of the active nature of their duty to provide appropriate drug information to this group of patients. Strategies are needed to increase pharmacists’ compliance in this area.
The relationship between pharmaceutical regulation and inappropriate prescribing: the case of psychotropic drugs in Canada during the 1960s and early 1970s
Authors: Lexchin Joel
Published: December 2024

The outcome of the drug approval process plays a major role in determining how drugs will be prescribed in Canada. The objective of this paper is to examine the nature of the regulatory approval process, its decisions, how these are expressed in pharmaceutical promotion and the ultimate impact of these factors on the prescribing of psychotropic drugs in general and particularly with regard to the benzodiazepines. There is strong circumstantial evidence that the benzodiazepines were approved on the basis of inadequate clinical trials resulting in these drugs being indicated for conditions for which they were not useful and significant safety issues being ignored. These deficiencies in the regulatory process were magnified in the advertising of these products to physicians thus contributing to inappropriate prescribing in four areas: prescribing for psychosocial problems, overprescribing for somatic complaints, overprescribing to women and overprescribing for anxiety disorders. Problems in the approval process continue to exist and these will manifest themselves in ongoing inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic and other medications.
Electroshock: scientific, ethical, and political issues
Authors: Breggin Peter R.
Published: December 2024

Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) is increasingly used in North America and there are attempts to promote its further use world‐wide. However, most controlled studies of efficacy in depression indicate that the treatment is no better than placebo with no positive effect on the rate of suicide.

ECT is closed‐head electrical injury, typically producing a delirium with global mental dysfunction (an acute organic brain syndrome). Significant irreversible effects from ECT are demonstrated by many studies, including: (1) Inventories of autobiographic and current events memories before and after ECT; (2) Retrospective subjective observations on memory; (3) Autopsy studies of animals and some of humans. ECT causes severe and irreversible brain neuropathology, including cell death. It can wipe out vast amounts of retrograde memory while producing permanent cognitive dysfunction.

Contemporary ECT is more dangerous since the current doses are larger than those employed in earlier clinical and research studies. Elderly women, an especially vulnerable group, are becoming the most common target of ECT. Because of the lopsided risk/benefit ratio, because it is fundamentally traumatic in nature, because so many of the patients are vulnerable and unable to protect themselves, and because advocates of ECT fail to provide informed consent to patients – ECT should be banned.
The dark side of light treatment for seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Meesters Y. , Letsch M.C.
Published: December 2024

Light treatment is the most effective therapy for sufferers from seasonal affective disorder (SAD), the winter type. Although side effects and risks are rare, the therapist should be aware of them, and of the contraindications to such therapy which have been advanced.
Maternal occupation in agriculture during pregnancy and congenital anomalies: A case‐control study
Authors: Martínez‐Frías María Luisa , Bermejo Eva , Prieto Luis
Published: December 2024

The objective is to analyze the potential effect on the embryo of maternal occupation in agriculture during pregnancy.

Study design: We have used the ongoing case‐control data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC), to analyze the possible association between maternal occupation in agriculture during pregnancy and congenital defects. Cases and controls are identified by pediatricians at each of the collaborating hospitals. The same physicians collect the child’s and obstetrical data and interview the mothers of cases and controls within the first 3 days of life.

The results indicated that working in agriculture during pregnancy implies a small but statistically significant risk for congenital defects (OR ${}={}$ 1.28; Confidence Intervals – CI: 1.09–1.50). We applied different logistic regression models to control for the following possible confounders: parental consanguinity, previous spontaneous abortions, number of pregnancies, maternal age, maternal educational level, maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, intake of vitamins, minerals, iron, and other drugs, vaginal bleeding, maternal acute and chronic diseases, fever, and birth weight.

Conclusion: The results suggest that maternal occupation in agriculture during pregnancy increases the risk for microcephaly (OR $=$ 5.84; $p={}$ 0.04), and cardiovascular defects (OR ${}={}$ 3.27; $p={}$ 0.0007). The results also suggest a relationship with neural tube defects (OR ${}={}$ 2.42; $p={}$ 0.08).