bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of texture and color enhancement imaging for the visibility and diagnostic accuracy of non‐polypoid colorectal lesions
Authors: Okumura Taishi , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro , Ito Sayo , Kishida Yoshihiro , Takada Kazunori , Kawaguchi Daiki , Mori Yukihiro , Tanaka Yusuke , Tsushima Takahiro , Kawata Noboru , Maeda Yuki , Yoshida Masao , Yamamoto Yoichi , Minamide Tatsunori , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Sato Junya , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Objective

A newly launched endoscopy system (EVIS X1, CV‐1500; Olympus) is equipped with texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of TXI for the visibility and diagnostic accuracy of non‐polypoid colorectal lesions.

Methods

We examined 100 non‐polypoid lesions in 42 patients from the same position, angle, and distance of the view in three modes: white light imaging (WLI), narrow‐band imaging (NBI), and TXI. The primary outcome was to compare polyp visibility in the three modes using subjective polyp visibility score and objective color difference values. The secondary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy without magnification.

Results

Overall, the visibility score of TXI was significantly higher than that of WLI (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 3.6 ± 1.1; p = 0.008) and lower than that of NBI (3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 3.8 ± 1.1; p = 0.013). Color difference values of TXI were higher than those of WLI (11.5 ± 6.9 vs. 9.1 ± 5.4; p < 0.001) and lower than those of NBI (11.5 ± 6.9 vs. 13.1 ± 7.7; p = 0.002). No significant differences in TXI and NBI (visibility score: 3.7 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.1; p = 0.833, color difference values: 11.6 ± 7.1 vs. 12.9 ± 8.3; p = 0.099) were observed for neoplastic lesions. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of TXI was significantly higher than that of NBI (65.5% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.012) for neoplastic lesions.

Conclusions

TXI demonstrated higher visibility than that of WLI and lower than that of NBI. Further investigations are warranted to validate the performance of the TXI mode comprehensively.
Comparative model of minimal spinal cord injury reveals a rather anti‐inflammatory response in the lesion site as well as increased proliferation in the central canal lining in the neonates compared to the adult rats
Authors: Ševc Juraj , Mochnacký Filip , Košuth Ján , Alexovič Matiašová Anna , Slovinská Lucia , Blaško Juraj , Bukhun Ivan , Holota Radovan , Tomori Zoltán , Daxnerová Zuzana
Published: May 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting from trauma decreases the quality of human life. Numerous clues indicate that the limited endogenous regenerative potential is a result of the interplay between the inhibitory nature of mature nervous tissue and the inflammatory actions of immune and glial cells. Knowledge gained from comparing regeneration in adult and juvenile animals could draw attention to factors that should be removed or added for effective therapy in adults. Therefore, we generated a minimal SCI (mSCI) model with a comparable impact on the spinal cord of Wistar rats during adulthood, preadolescence, and the neonatal period. The mechanism of injury is based on unilateral incision with a 20 ga needle tip according to stereotaxic coordinates into the dorsal horn of the L4 lumbar spinal segment. The incision should harm a similar amount of gray matter on a coronal section in each group of experimental animals. According to our results, the impact causes mild injury with minimal adverse effects on the neurological functions of animals but still has a remarkable effect on nervous tissue and its cellular and humoral components. Testing the mSCI model in adults, preadolescents, and neonates revealed a rather anti‐inflammatory response of immune cells and astrocytes at the lesion site, as well as increased proliferation in the central canal lining in neonates compared with adult animals. Our results indicate that developing nervous tissue could possess superior reparative potential and confirm the importance of comparative studies to advance in the field of neuroregeneration.
Damage evolution of surrounding sandstone rock under charging–discharging cyclic loading in the natural gas storage of abandoned mines based on the discrete element method
Authors: Ma Zhanguo , Sun Junyu , Gong Peng , Oh Erwin , Hu Jun , Zhang Ruichong
Published: May 2024

Gas storage in abandoned mines is one way to reuse waste space resources. The surrounding rock of gas storage reservoirs in underground roadways undergoes damage and deformation under the cyclic loading of gas charging and discharging, which can pose a risk to the safety of the reservoirs. This study establishes a true triaxial numerical model of rock mass with the discrete element method (DEM) and explores the crack evolution of surrounding rock of underground gas storage during cyclic loading and unloading. Also, a damage evolution model in numerical analysis considering residual deformation is developed to explain the experimental results. As was revealed, cyclic loading and unloading resulted in fatigue damage in the specimen and caused strength deterioration of the specimen. During the loading process, the uniformly distributed force chains of the rock mass redistributed, evolving gradually to mostly transverse force chains. This contributed to the appearance of blank areas in the force chains when through cracks appear. The ratio of tensile cracks to shear cracks gradually decreases and finally stabilizes at 7:1. The damage evolution model considering residual strain can be mutually verified with the numerical simulation results. Based on the DEM model, it was found that there was a certain threshold of confining pressure. When the confining pressure exceeded 30 MPa, the deformation to ductility of sandstone samples began to accelerate, with a greater residual strength. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the long‐term mechanical behavior of surrounding rock of gas storage in abandoned mines.
Identification of suitable habitats and priority conservation areas under climate change scenarios for the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis)
Authors: Yang Liuyang , Ling Jiangnan , Lu Lilei , Zang Dongsheng , Zhu Yunzhen , Zhang Song , Zhou Yongkang , Yi Pingsi , Li En , Pan Tao , Wu Xiaobing
Published: May 2024

Amphibians and reptiles, especially the critically endangered Chinese alligators, are vulnerable to climate change. Historically, the decline in suitable habitats and fragmentation has restricted the distribution of Chinese alligators to a small area in southeast Anhui Province in China. However, the effects of climate change on range‐restricted Chinese alligator habitats are largely unknown. We aimed to predict current and future (2050s and 2070s) Chinese alligator distribution and identify priority conservation areas under climate change. We employed species distribution models, barycenter migration analyses, and the Marxian model to assess current and future Chinese alligator distribution and identify priority conservation areas under climate change. The results showed that the lowest temperature and rainfall seasonality in the coldest month were the two most important factors affecting the distribution of Chinese alligators. Future predictions indicate a reduction (3.39%–98.41%) in suitable habitats and a westward shift in their distribution. Further, the study emphasizes that suitable habitats for Chinese alligators are threatened by climate change. Despite the impact of the Anhui Chinese Alligator National Nature Reserve, protection gaps persist, with 78.27% of the area lacking priority protected area. Our study provides crucial data for Chinese alligator adaptation to climate change and underscores the need for improved conservation strategies. Future research should refine conservation efforts, consider individual plasticity, and address identified limitations to enhance the resilience of Chinese alligator populations in the face of ongoing climate change.
Intrahepatic plasma cells, but not atypical memory B cells, associate with clinical phases of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Osmani Zgjim , Villanueva Martin Arreola , Joseph‐Chazan Jasmin , Beudeker Boris J. , de Knegt Robert J. , Chung Raymond T. , Hacohen Nir , Aerssens Jeroen , Bollekens Jacques , Janssen Harry L. A. , Gehring Adam J. , Lauer Georg M. , Shalek Alex K. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Boonstra Andre
Published: May 2024

Studies have traditionally focused on the role of T cells in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but recent evidence supports a role for B cells. The enrichment of so‐called atypical memory (AtM) B cells, which show reduced signaling and impaired differentiation, is believed to be a characteristic feature of CHB, potentially contributing to the observed dysfunctional anti‐HBsAg B‐cell responses. Our study, involving 62 CHB patients across clinical phases, identified AtM B cells expressing IFNLR1 and interferon‐stimulated genes. Contrary to previous reports, we found relatively low frequencies of AtM B cells in the liver, comparable to peripheral blood. However, liver plasma cell frequencies were significantly higher, particularly during phases with elevated viral loads and liver enzyme levels. Liver plasma cells exhibited signs of active proliferation, especially in the immune active phase. Our findings suggest a potential role for plasma cells, alongside potential implications and consequences of local proliferation, within the livers of CHB patients. While the significance of AtM B cells remains uncertain, further investigation is warranted to determine their responsiveness to interferons and their role in CHB.
Understanding the Role of Controlled Environments for Producing Mycelium‐bound Composites: Advancing Circular Practices for Integrating Biotechnology into the Construction Industry
Authors: Derme Tiziano , Schwarze Francis W. M. R. , Dillenburger Benjamin
Published: May 2024

The architecture, engineering, and construction industry is undergoing a significant shift, steering buildings away from resource‐intensive processes toward becoming instruments for climate mitigation. In this transformative landscape, integrating circular bio‐based alternatives and reducing emissions through biotechnological and enzymatic processes have significant potential. Specifically, mycelium‐bound composites have emerged as renewable alternatives for new materials and added‐value wood products. Despite their numerous advantages, integrating these materials into current engineering practices presents challenges deriving from the complex nature of the material´s production process and the transfer from the laboratory to the industrial scale. In this regard, the design and engineering of novel controlled environments are fundamental in maintaining optimal growth conditions during material production. This, in turn, influences the overall material performance and potential use in construction.
Intimate partner violence and its associated factors among married women at Jeldu district, Central Ethiopia: A community‐based mixed cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yadesa Geremew , Bala Elias Teferi , Kolola Tufa , Solbana Lencho Kajela
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Intimate partner violence is a global threat, regardless of any religious, cultural, or economic differences. Few studies have been conducted before in rural areas of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence among married women in Jeldu district.

Methods

A community‐based mixed cross‐sectional study was conducted among 620 married women in Jeldu district, west Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The quantitative data were checked and entered into Epidata and STATA version 15.0 for analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of intimate partner violence. The finding of the quantitative study was triangulated with the findings of focused group discussion.

Results

Six hundred seven married women participated in the study making a response rate of 97.43%. The lifetime and past 12 months prevalence of intimate partner violence was 57.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.78%–61.62%) and 53.20% (95% CI: 49.28%–57.12%) respectively. Partner with lower education (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 3.64 (95% CI: 1.07–12.38), alcohol intake by partner (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31–2.81), equal dominance on family affairs (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.18–0.51), and family size >5 (AOR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.89–10.91) were factors significantly associated with intimate partner violence.

Conclusion

The prevalence of intimate partner violence was relatively higher among married women study area. Partner's lower educational status, alcohol intake of the partner, dominance on family issues, and family size were factors associated with intimate partner violence. So, gender offices, and district and regional educational sectors should design appropriate strategies and work hard to tackle the problem.
Assessing breast self‐examination knowledge and practices among women in Iraq: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Mustafa Najah , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Hashim Hashim Talib , Al Sakini Ahmed Sermed , Abd Abdulqader Majed , Rashed Rusul Husham , Saeed Rania Omar , Al Saeedi Mina , Al‐Obaidi Ammar , Hashim Ali Talib
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

The present study aims to shed light on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self‐examination with breast cancer (BC) among female patients in the oncology department of Baghdad Medical City.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 100 female participants at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City between June 15 and October 15, 2022. Using convenient sampling, the study targeted females aged 30–75, recently or previously diagnosed with BC, admitted for treatment and follow‐ups.

Results

Regarding the assessment of knowledge, among the surveyed patients, 71 are aware of breast self‐examination (BSE), primarily through social media (42 patients). The study also explores the link between BSE and education levels. While Pearson's chi‐square shows no significance (0.107), the likelihood ratio suggests a significant association (0.041). Regarding the analysis of attitudes, the study assessment for the reasons for compliance showed that 19 patients cite medical reasons, and 48 patients attribute noncompliance to a lack of knowledge of how to perform BSE. Regarding the examination of practice, high statistical significance is evident in both Pearson's chi‐square (0.000) and likelihood ratio (0.000) tests, emphasizing the substantial relationship between the post‐diagnosis initiation timing of BSE and its correct execution. Additionally, a statistically significant association exists between performing BSE correctly and discovering BC (p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Regarding the assessment of knowledge, our study found high awareness of BSE within the population, primarily through social media and health organizations. Regarding the analysis of attitudes, a notable proportion refrained from practicing BSE, primarily due to a perceived lack of knowledge about the methods. Regarding the examination of practice, the observed significant associations between performing BSE correctly, discovering BC, and the frequency of examinations underscore the pivotal role of consistent and accurate BSE in early detection.
Evaluating the attitudes of radiologic technology students and graduates toward their study major and career prospects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mazaheri Fatemeh , Tahmasbi Marziyeh
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

Understanding students' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects in healthcare is crucial. This study evaluates radiologic technology students and graduates' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences assessed 120 BSc radiologic technology students and graduates' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects using an online questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with results reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significance was determined using the independent sample t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Results

Participants' age, averaged 24.13 ± 3.64 years and were predominantly females (58.3%). Among radiologic technology students, the mean scores ± SD for attitudes toward their academic major and career prospects were 19.75 ± 2.27 and 15.62 ± 2.28, respectively. For graduates, these values were 19.73 ± 3.85 and 14.73 ± 2.75, respectively. Most participants exhibited a positive attitude toward their study major (90.8%) and career prospects (85.0%). No statistically significant differences were observed in attitudes across demographic specifications for students and graduates, nor between the attitudes of students and graduates toward their study major and career prospects.

Conclusions

The evaluated students and graduates demonstrated a positive attitude toward their field of study and career prospects. Positive perceptions from peers and society and job opportunities for BSc graduates contribute to this. while our research highlights the prevailing positive attitudes within the radiologic technology profession, there is a clear need for ongoing evaluation and refinement to ensure continued success and satisfaction among students and graduates. Enhancing students' understanding of academic disciplines before major selection and providing effective counseling can reinforce these attitudes.
Beyond polio: Exploring non‐polio enteroviruses, global health preparedness, and the “Disease X” paradigm
Authors: Anjum Ramisa , Haque Md. Aminul , Akter Raushanara , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Disease X represents the possibility that an unidentified infection may spread globally and start a pandemic. This study explored various aspects of emerging non‐polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) as a possible source of “Disease X,” an enigmatic agent declared by the World Health Organization, and discussed the potential impact of NPEVs on global public health.

Methods

In this perspective article, we collected information from publicly available sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We used NPEVs, viral diseases, pandemics, and zoonotic diseases as keywords. We extracted information from the most relevant articles.

Results

Notable outbreaks caused by NPEVs include enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) and enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71), among many others. With a focus on therapeutic and preventative components, alternate modes of therapy, and the development of broad‐spectrum antivirals, this analysis looks at the origin, epidemiology, genetic alterations, transmission dynamics, and disease pathophysiology of NPEVs. The information presented in the review indicates the current risk assessment of NPEVs, taking into account the following factors: the need for research and therapeutic interventions, the diversity of clinical manifestations, the impact of genetic variability on virulence, the persistence of emergence despite vaccination efforts, recurrent outbreaks, and the global impact of these viruses.

Conclusion

There is a possibility that NPEVs could trigger global pandemics based on their zoonotic origins and urges for complete readiness, continuous research, cooperation, and a comprehensive strategy to combat emerging infectious diseases in a constantly changing global environment. It is peak time to acknowledge how important it is to abide by safety and health laws to prevent these illnesses.
Exploring the mathematic equations behind the materials science data using interpretable symbolic regression
Authors: Wang Guanjie , Wang Erpeng , Li Zefeng , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: May 2024

Symbolic regression (SR), exploring mathematical expressions from a given data set to construct an interpretable model, emerges as a powerful computational technique with the potential to transform the “black box” machining learning methods into physical and chemistry interpretable expressions in material science research. In this review, the current advancements in SR are investigated, focusing on the underlying theories, fundamental flowcharts, various techniques, implemented codes, and application fields. More predominantly, the challenging issues and future opportunities in SR that should be overcome to unlock the full potential of SR in material design and research, including graphics processing unit acceleration and transfer learning algorithms, the trade‐off between expression accuracy and complexity, physical or chemistry interpretable SR with generative large language models, and multimodal SR methods, are discussed.
NIR regeneration and visible luminescence modification in photochromic glass: A novel encryption and 3D optical storage medium
Authors: Zhao Heping , Li Yuewei , Mi Chao , Zi Yingzhu , Bai Xue , Haider Asif Ali , Cun Yangke , Huang Anjun , Liu Yue , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Liao Jiayan , Zhou Ji , Yang Zhengwen
Published: May 2024

Photochromic glass shows great promise for 3D optical information encryption and storage applications. The formation of Ag nanoclusters by light irradiation has been a significant development in the field of photochromic glass research. However, extending this approach to other metal nanoclusters remains a challenge. In this study, we present a pioneering method for crafting photochromic glass with reliably adjustable dual‐mode luminescence in both the NIR and visible spectra. This was achieved by leveraging bimetallic clusters of bismuth, resulting in a distinct and novel photochromic glass. When rare‐earth‐doped, bismuth‐based glass is irradiated with a 473 nm laser, and it undergoes a color transformation from yellow to red, accompanied by visible and broad NIR luminescence. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of laser‐induced (Bi+, Bi0) nanoclusters. We achieved reversible manipulation of the NIR luminescence of these nanoclusters and visible rare‐earth luminescence by alternating exposure to a 473 nm laser and thermal stimulation. Information patterns can be inscribed and erased on a glass surface or in 3D space, and the readout is enabled by modulating visible and NIR luminescence. This study introduces a pioneering strategy for designing photochromic glasses with extensive NIR luminescence and significant potential for applications in high‐capacity information encryption, optical data storage, optical communication, and NIR imaging. The exploration of bimetallic cluster formation in Bi represents a vital contribution to the advancement of multifunctional glass systems with augmented optical functionalities and versatile applications.

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Differential effects of perigestational consumption of sucrose‐sweetened beverages on anxiety and depression‐related behaviors in adult offspring: Sex disparity in a mouse model
Authors: Ortiz‐Valladares Minerva , Peregrino‐Ramírez Christian , Pedraza‐Medina Ricardo , Guzmán‐Muñiz Jorge
Published: May 2024

Consumption of sucrose‐sweetened drinks (SSDs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to various health and metabolism issues, but the potential impact on neurodevelopment and long‐term effects remains unclear. This study aims to examine how maternal consumption of SSDs during gestation and lactation influences anxiety and depression‐related behavior in adult offspring. Adult female CD‐1 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or a sucrose group (SG) 2 weeks before gestation. The SG had 2 h of access to an SSD (15% w/w, 0.6 kcal/ml) for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and throughout lactation, totaling 8 weeks. Adult offspring were then evaluated for depressive‐related behaviors and anxiety‐related behaviors. Our findings reveal that perigestational consumption of SSDs does not lead to offspring presenting behaviors related to depression, but it does increase swimming behavior. However, maternal consumption of SSDs could impact the fighting response due to a diminished motivational component. In contrast, perigestational consumption of SSDs has apparent effects on anxiety‐related behavior. Furthermore, female offspring appeared to be particularly vulnerable, exhibiting a higher anxiety index compared with controls. These findings indicate that females could be more vulnerable to the effects of maternal consumption of SSDs, being more susceptible to the presence of anxiety‐related behaviors.
The profile of cytokines against bacterial infection in dental pulp
Authors: Bai Zhongcheng , Liu Jun , Bai Hehuizi
Published: May 2024

Background

Dental pulp in a confined environment, with little connection to the outside and only a small distribution of immune cells, provides a good research model for investigating how cells respond to bacterial infections through cytokines.

Methods

The data of single‐cell transcriptome sequencing of healthy and inflamed pulp tissue were downloaded from the GEO dataset. The expression character of 79 cytokines was analyzed based on the expression matrix.

Results

The cytokine secretion profiles of the two populations of pulp cells in healthy dental pulp were associated with vascularization and nervous system development, as well as immune cell regulation. For the three populations of pulp stem cells with stem cell activity in the dental pulp, the secretion of cytokines related to nervous system development, regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and regulation of immune cell function comprised the characteristics that we observed. The cytokines secreted by T cells and macrophages were more of an immune reserve against pathogenic microorganisms. In the inflammatory state, the spectrum of cytokines secreted by various types of cells in the dental pulp tended to be identical, such that it mainly resisted pathogenic microorganisms.

Conclusions

The cytokine secretion profiles of various cell types in healthy and inflamed dental pulp at the single‐cell level are summarized.
Screening and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma by serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Schreuder A. B. , Overduin R. J. , Peltenburg N. C. , de Boer L. , Bodewes F. A. J. A. , Derks T. G. J.
Published: May 2024

No sensitive tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available for patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa), in whom alpha‐fetoprotein and carcino‐embryonic antigen levels often remain normal. We describe increased levels of the HCC tumor marker des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in GSDIa patients with HCC. In one case DCP levels normalized after liver transplantation. We recommend including DCP as a screening HCC tumor marker in the surveillance of patients with GSDIa.
Comparative evaluation of Anyplex II HPV28 and Allplex HPV28 molecular assays for human papillomavirus detection and genotyping in anogenital cancer screening
Authors: Naegele Klaudia , Bubendorf Lukas , Hirsch Hans H. , Leuzinger Karoline
Published: May 2024

Persistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the main cause for the development of anogenital cancers. This study prospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of the novel Allplex‐HPV28 assay with the Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 to detect and genotype HPV in 234 consecutive swabs and 32 biopsies of the anogenital tract from 265 patients with atypical findings in cytomorphological screening. Agreement in HPV‐DNA detection between the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays was 99%. There was a notable diversity in the HPV‐virome, with the most prevalent high‐risk HPV types being 16, 53, 66, and 68. The agreement rates for detecting these genotypes exceeded 93% between the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays. Discrepancies in test results were solely noted for Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 results with a low signal intensity of “+”, and for Allplex‐HPV28 results with cycle thresholds of ≥36. The semi‐quantitative analysis of HPV‐DNA loads showed significant agreement between the Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 and Allplex‐HPV28 assays (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HPV‐DNA detection rates and mean HPV‐DNA loads significantly correlated with the grade of abnormal changes identified in cytopathological assessment, being highest in cases of HSIL, condyloma accuminatum, and squamous cell carcinoma. Overall agreement rates for detecting specific HPV‐types among the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays exceeded 99.5% in cases of atypical squamous cells, condyloma accuminatum, and squamous cell carcinoma. The novel Allplex‐HPV28 assay shows good diagnostic performance in detecting and genotyping HPV commonly associated with anogenital cancers. Consequently, this assay could offer substantial potential for incorporation into future molecular screening programs for anogenital cancers in clinical settings.
A fully automatic MRI‐guided decision support system for lumbar disc herniation using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Di , Du Jiawei , Shi Jiaxiao , Zhang Yundong , Jia Siyue , Liu Xingyu , Wu Yu , An Yicheng , Zhu Shibo , Pan Dayu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yiling , Feng Shiqing
Published: May 2024

Background

Normalized decision support system for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) will improve reproducibility compared with subjective clinical diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an essential role in the evaluation of LDH. This study aimed to develop an MRI‐based decision support system for LDH, which evaluates lumbar discs in a reproducible, consistent, and reliable manner.

Methods

The research team proposed a system based on machine learning that was trained and tested by a large, manually labeled data set comprising 217 patients' MRI scans (3255 lumbar discs). The system analyzes the radiological features of identified discs to diagnose herniation and classifies discs by Pfirrmann grade and MSU classification. Based on the assessment, the system provides clinical advice.

Results

Eventually, the accuracy of the diagnosis process reached 95.83%. An 83.5% agreement was observed between the system's prediction and the ground‐truth in the Pfirrmann grade. In the case of MSU classification, 95.0% precision was achieved. With the assistance of this system, the accuracy, interpretation efficiency and interrater agreement among surgeons were improved substantially.

Conclusion

This system showed considerable accuracy and efficiency, and therefore could serve as an objective reference for the diagnosis and treatment procedure in clinical practice.
As‐Needed Pilocarpine for Radiation‐Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Watanapokasin Natcha , Rawangban Worawat , Tangjaturonrasme Napadon
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of as‐needed pilocarpine for the management of radiation‐induced xerostomia. Additionally, the study sought to assess the side effects associated with an as‐needed regimen.

Methods

A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled crossover study was conducted on patients who had undergone radiation therapy for head and neck cancers and developed xerostomia. Participants took pilocarpine or placebo as needed for symptom relief at 2 weeks per treatment, which included a one‐week washout period. The primary outcome measure was the severity of dry mouth symptoms, quantified using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). The primary outcome was the change in the XI score.

Results

Among the 20 participants who completed the crossover study, there was a significant reduction in XI scores during the treatment phase with pilocarpine compared to the scores during the placebo phase. The mean difference in XI scores was −18.05 (95% CI: −17.17, −6.13, p < 0.001), with a−49.77 ± 3.22% change (p < 0.001). Only one participant withdrew due to pilocarpine side effects.

Conclusion

As‐needed pilocarpine administration is effective in relieving symptoms of radiation‐induced xerostomia, with fewer side effects and reduced treatment costs compared to fixed‐dose regimens. This study guides the potential shift toward flexible dosing strategies in clinical practice, promoting enhanced patient‐centered, tailored care and adherence.

Level of Evidence

2. According to the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine 2011 level of evidence guidelines Laryngoscope, 134:4542–4548, 2024
Recent Advances in Wireless Optoelectronic Biomedical Implants
Authors: Metuh Pietro , Petersen Paul Michael , Ou Yiyu
Published: May 2024

Optoelectronic implants have gained increasing attention over the last ten years for their clinical applications, such as optogenetics, photodynamic therapy, and deep‐tissue physiological sensing, which are expected to diagnose and treat a large number of diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, visual impairment, and cancer. One of the main challenges for biomedical optoelectronics is to produce a compact, biocompatible system that delivers optical energy into specific tissue regions. While early‐stage devices are initially adopting batteries or wired solutions for energy supply, recent development has shifted toward wireless devices based on alternative methods, such as wireless power transmission, kinetic energy, and photovoltaic harvesting, which do not normally require periodic replacement or servicing and do not constrain the movement of the patient. In this paper, the principles of the main biomedical applications of implantable optoelectronic devices are reviewed. Recent developments in wireless implantable optoelectronic devices are summarized and sorted by their energy transfer mechanisms. These energy transfer techniques are compared in terms of quantitative parameters (electrical power, optical power, operating frequency, size, weight, and operating range), application fields where they are tested, and main advantages and limitations.
Local Light Field Control Enables Efficient Quantum Dot Color Conversion Films for Mini‐LED Backlit Displays
Authors: Gong Ting , Yang Yang , Xuan Tongtong , Bai Wenhao , Dong Haorui , Zhou Tianliang , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: May 2024

Quantum dot (QD) color conversion films (QD‐CCFs) are used in ultrahigh definition (UHD) Mini‐LED backlit displays due to their narrow band emission and high color purity. However, their poor light conversion efficiency (LCE) leads to greater film thickness and thus high cost. Herein, this study proposes a local light field control strategy to enhance the LCE of QD‐CCFs using high‐refractive BN nanosheets. The LCEs of the green and red QD‐CCFs can increase from 29.9% and 34.8% to 67.4% and 91.0% after adding BN nanosheets, respectively. Combining the experimental data with the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, the enhanced LCEs can be attributed to observably increased blue light absorption and improved light extraction efficiency of the light emitted from QDs. The white Mini‐LEDs, prepared by integrating the optimized QD‐CCFs containing BN nanosheets with blue Mini‐LED chips, show a high luminous efficiency of 70.2 lm W−1, a high external quantum efficiency of 36.2%, and a wide color gamut of 96.3% Rec. 2020 standards. This work provides an interesting idea for designing high‐efficiency QD‐CCFs toward low‐cost UHD Mini‐LED backlit displays.
Giant Pyramidal Near‐Infrared InP/ZnS Quantum Dots with Size Over 15 nm for Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Duan Xijian , Tan Yangzhi , Hao Junjie , Zhu Hongmei , Wang Qingqian , Yang Hongcheng , Liu Haochen , Wang Kai , Wang Zhiwen , Wang Ya‐Long , Song Yujie , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: May 2024

In recent years, near‐infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for biological imaging owing to their strong fluorescence penetrating into biological tissues and high imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio. Among various materials, InP QDs are environmentally friendly and have a relatively narrow bandgap of 1.35 eV, which provides a possibility for their emission wavelength to extend to the near‐infrared region. However, the strong reactivity of the precursor of phosphorus makes it challenging to synthesize NIR InP QDs, as it leads to rapid nucleation of the InP core. Herein, a method of epitaxial growth is reported to synthesize NIR InP QDs. Through high‐temperature nucleation and low‐temperature epitaxial growth, NIR InP QDs larger than 15 nm in size and with an emission wavelength of 807 nm are successfully synthesized. Furthermore, by removing InPOx defects on the surface of the core through HF etching, the quantum yield (QY) is increased from 6% to 12%. Ligand exchange successfully converted oil‐soluble ligands into water‐soluble ones, leading to excellent performance in cell imaging. The study provides a promising approach to the synthesis of desirable NIR InP QDs for use in biomedical imaging applications.
Structural and Property Characterizations of Dual‐Responsive Core–Shell Tecto Dendrimers for Tumor Penetration and Gene Delivery Applications
Authors: Liu Junjie , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Xiaolei , Ni Cheng , Liu Lei , Bányai István , Shi Xiangyang , Song Cong
Published: May 2024

Core–shell tecto dendrimers (CSTDs) with excellent physicochemical properties and good tumor penetration and gene transfection efficiency have been demonstrated to have the potential to replace high‐generation dendrimers in biomedical applications. However, their characterization and related biological properties of CSTDs for enhanced tumor penetration and gene delivery still lack in‐depth investigation. Herein, three types of dual‐responsive CSTDs are designed for thorough physicochemical characterization and investigation of their tumor penetration and gene delivery efficiency. Three types of CSTDs are prepared through phenylborate ester bonds of phenylboronic acid (PBA)‐decorated generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as cores and monose (galactose, glucose, or mannose)‐conjugated G3 PAMAM dendrimers as shells and thoroughly characterized via NMR and other techniques. It is shown that the produced CSTDs display strong correlation signals between the PBA and monose protons, similar hydrodynamic diameters, and dual reactive oxygen species‐ and pH‐responsivenesses. The dual‐responsive CSTDs are proven to have structure‐dependent tumor penetration property and gene delivery efficiency in terms of small interference RNA for gene silencing and plasmid DNA for gene editing, thus revealing a great potential for different biomedical applications.
Bibliometric and visual analysis of severe trauma literature in the past 20 years
Authors: Chang Panpan , Li Rui , Wang Zhongqing , Chong Wei , Wang Tianbing
Published: May 2024

Severe trauma is a critical aspect of medical practice, profoundly impacting patient care and outcomes. Over the past 20 years, advancements in trauma care concepts and the utilization of advanced technologies have led to substantial growth in severe trauma research, evidenced by a notable increase in research activity and subsequent publications. To understand the publication landscape in severe trauma, identify prevailing research trends, and highlight areas requiring further development for future insights, we conducted a bibliometric analysis. Our analysis indicates that there are 16,939 severe trauma‐related publications from the past 20 years, with a continuous increase in publication volume, particularly showing a rapid growth trend from 2018 to 2021. The United States leads in both volume and citation frequency. Moreover, we synthesized data on productive countries/regions and research institutions, showcasing extensive collaboration across diverse geographic locations and institutional affiliations. Substantial progress has been achieved in severe trauma research, particularly in clinical diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention, and pathogenesis. However, there is still a gap in adopting cutting‐edge interdisciplinary methodologies. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of severe trauma research and suggests pathways for future advancement.
Predicting the effect of cooling rates and initial hydrogen concentrations on porosity formation in Al‐Si castings
Authors: Hou Qinghuai , Wang Junsheng , Miao Yisheng , Li Xingxing , Wu Xuelong , Li Zhongyao , Tian Guangyuan , Kong Decai , Ma Xiaoying , Qiao Haibo , Wang Wenbo , Lang Yuling
Published: May 2024

Al‐Si alloys are widely used in automotive casting components while microporosity has always been a detrimental defect that leads to property degradation. In this study, a coupled three‐dimensional cellular automata (CA) model has been used to predict the hydrogen porosity as functions of cooling rate and initial hydrogen concentration. By quantifying the pore characteristics, it has been found that the average equivalent pore diameter decreases from 40.43 to 23.98 μm and the pore number density increases from 10.3 to 26.6 mm−3 as the cooling rate changes from 2.6 to 19.4°C/s at the initial hydrogen concentration of 0.25 mL/100 g. It is also notable that the pore size increases as the initial hydrogen concentration changes from 0.15 to 0.25 mL/100 g while the pore number remains stable. In addition, the linear regression between secondary dendrite arm spacing and the equivalent pore diameter has been studied for the first time, matching well with experiments. This work exhibits the application of CA model in future process optimization and robust condition design for advanced automotive parts made of Al‐Si alloys.
Averaging principle for Hilfer–Katugampola fractional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Huo Jinjian , Yang Min
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we mainly study the averaging principle for a class of Hifer–Katugampola fractional stochastic differential equations driven by standard Brownian motion. Firstly, we establish the existence and uniqueness of mild solution for the considered system using Banach contraction principle. Then, under suitable assumptions, we demonstrate that the solution to the original differential equations converges to that of the averaged differential equations in the sense of mean square and probability as the time scale goes to zero. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to verify our theoretical results.
Bidirectional passive optical interconnected data center
Authors: Lu Yang , Xu Kaiqiang , Lu Zhijun , Yang Haoyu , Zhai Yanrong , Bi Meihua
Published: May 2024

A novel bidirectional passive optical interconnection is proposed for data centers (DCs). The interconnection is based on a coupler of arrayed waveguide grating. The nodes distribute on both sides and simultaneously, bidirectional transmission is allowed. Compared with the traditional passive optical interconnected DCs, the scale is doubled, and the throughput is increased. The crosstalk in simultaneously bidirectional transmission is tested and the results show it is very little. The transmission between the nodes on the same side is relayed by one node on the other side. Some relay methods are proposed, and the relay efficiency is evaluated.
A biodegradable polymer stent with high radial performance: Potential for treatment of portal vein stenosis
Authors: Liu Wentao , Wang Bin , Hu Xue , Lv Jian , Zhao Gutian
Published: May 2024

Biodegradable polymer stents have a wide application prospect in the treatment of vascular stenosis diseases. However, weak radial performance of polymer stents hinders the treatment of the diseases with high demand for radial supporting, such as portal vein stenosis. According to previous research, the constraint mode between monofilaments is a key factor that affects the radial performance of polymer braided stent. In this work, a series of Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) stents with the elastomer coating were prepared by ultrasonic spraying process to realize the constraints of monofilament cross points. The results are showed that the radial stiffness and peak force of the coated stent are significantly increased, up to 28 and 35 times higher than that of the bare stent. It is found that the cross points are constrained by the coating, which improves the constraining force between the monofilaments resulting in the increase of the radial force during the deformation process. More importantly, the mechanism of action between the radial force of the coated stent and the mechanical performance of elastic coating has been proposed, revealing a significant positive correlation between them. The radial force of the coated stent could be quantitatively regulated by the six‐arm poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (6SPLCL) coating cross‐linked by Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in different proportions. Finally, we build a mechanical model of stents and find that there is a consistency between the theoretical curve and the actual curve trend. This provides further research and expands the application scope for improving the radial supporting performance of the biodegradable polymer stent.
Choriocarcinoma in neonates and infants: A severe but curable disease
Authors: Castex Marie Pierre , Stefanowicz Joanna , Clement Laura , Węcławek‐Tompol Jadwiga , Hameury Frederic , Fresneau Brice , Irtan Sabine , Brunac Anne Cecile , Januszkiewicz‐Lewandowska Danuta , Lacour Brigitte , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Orbach Daniel
Published: May 2024

Choriocarcinoma in neonates and infants (N‐CC) is an extremely rare, but aggressive cancer, frequently observed with concomitant maternal disease. A retrospective, bi‐national study of patients treated in France and Poland for infantile choriocarcinoma analysed eight cases of N‐CC, median age of 6 weeks. All tumours were diffuse. Six patients received a platinum‐based regimen, and five had delayed surgery on residual distant tumour sites. At the end of follow‐up, four patients were in complete remission and four had died of the disease. In all but two cases, mothers had simultaneous metastatic choriocarcinoma. Even if the outcome remains poor, patients could be cured with multimodal therapy.