bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stacking Rocks to Transport Water: Folk Aqueduct Bridges of Mallorca and Spanish Colonial California
Authors: Doolittle William E.
Published: June 2020

The landscape of Mallorca, Spain is characterized by a number of features constructed of rock. Windmills and walls are ubiquitous and visually striking. Equally widespread, but not as conspicuous, are other features associated with canal irrigation. One such feature that is understudied and therefore underappreciated is that of folk aqueduct bridges. This study investigates these features because they were critical in sustaining agriculture on the island for centuries, because they deserve recognition in order to be preserved as part of the island’s cultural and historical heritage, and because of their being antecedents or prototypes of similar structures built in Spanish colonial California. Two field seasons were devoted to locating and studying folk aqueduct bridges. Systematic windshield surveys were undertaken to identify such features. Once located, each folk aqueduct bridge was subjected to detailed description and analysis of size, shape, function, materials, and method of construction. Folk aqueduct bridges of Mallorca were built of shaped and unshaped stone, with channels made of ceramic tiles or ashlar tablets. Many of the rock walls once served as folk aqueduct bridges. Several California missionaries in the 18th century came from Mallorca, and the folk aqueduct bridges they built are based on those of their homeland.
Addendum: Säumel, I., et al. Edible City Solutions—One Step Further to Foster Social Resilience through Enhanced Socio-Cultural Ecosystem Services in Cities. Sustainability 2019, 11, 972
Authors: Säumel Ina , Reddy Suhana E. , Wachtel Thomas
Published: June 2020

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
Social Farming Evolutionary Web: from Public Intervention to Value Co-Production
Authors: Di Iacovo Francesco
Published: June 2020

The organization of multifunctional agriculture for the provision of social/health/educational services is spreading throughout Europe and elsewhere. This concept is not new, and the organization of practices differs according to each country’s welfare model. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the existing practices and trends and to provide a suitable comprehensive framework. Starting from long-term research action on this topic started in 1999 and from participation in European research projects and networks, this paper reflects on the features of existing practices and distinguishes emerging social farming models. Specific attention is given to the potential of social farming for both global change and the re-organization of local societies and welfare organizations. The diverse social farming models and their interactions with emerging constraints and needs during times of challenge and crisis, such as those we are currently experiencing, are considered in order to understand their basic principles (from direct support to co-production models), as well as how they correlate with the ongoing process of welfare reorganization and evolutionary societal demands.
Comprehensive Approach to Relevant and Reliable Reporting in Europe: A Dream Impossible?
Authors: Mähönen Jukka
Published: June 2020

Corporate reporting and governance are interlinked: Accounting and reporting inventions created the modern company, and without the modern company there is no entity from which to report. Due to its raison d’etre, reporting remained finance-centered, to protect financial capital providers. From the 1970’s, the question of the interests of ‘stakeholders’ emerged, with attempts of ‘social reporting’, ‘corporate social responsibility’, ‘environmental’, and ‘social and environmental’ and finally ‘integrated’ accounting and reporting. These trends are reflected also in the European Union legal framework, both in regulation of especially financial intermediaries and the ‘non-financial’ reporting. This article is based on an extensive literature review, research conducted in the Sustainable Market Actors for Responsible Trade (SMART) project, and socio-legal and economic empirical research based conceptual analysis of the impact of these reporting systems and their relationship to financial accounting and reporting. The result of the research is that sustainability is reduced to focus on institutional investors and other members in the investment supply chain, and climate change issues only, and new regulatory solutions are required. Based on the most recent developments in EU law and in European jurisdictions, possible paths forward are envisaged to encourage sustainability in reporting and assurance, and through that, in governance. As an outcome a set of regulatory reform proposals are given based on the SMART recommendations.
An Innovative Façade Element with Controlled Solar-Thermal Collector and Storage
Authors: Wüest Thomas , Grobe Lars O. , Luible Andreas
Published: June 2020

A novel façade element is presented that forms a symbiosis between an enhanced box-type window, a closed cavity façade, and a Trombe wall. This hybrid, transparent-opaque façade element features an absorbing water tank, that is installed behind a controlled shading device toward the cavity of a non-ventilated Double Skin Façade in the parapet section. To evaluate the potential impact on building performance, a transient simulation model is developed in Modelica and calibrated by comparison with measurements on a prototype. The effect of the absorbing thermal storage on heat transfers under solar radiation is analyzed in comparison to (i) conditions excluding solar radiation and (ii) an empty tank. An evaluation for four European cities demonstrates that the annual heating demand can be reduced by more than 4.2% and cooling demand by at least 6.6% compared to a façade without thermal storage. The effect is explained not only by the increased thermal mass, but also by the effective modulation of solar gains by the controlled absorbing storage. The dampening of heat flow fluctuations and the control of solar gains is a promising means to reduce the installed power of HVAC (heating/ventilating/air conditioning) installations.
University Mentoring Programmes for Gifted High School Students: Satisfaction of Workshops
Authors: Ibáñez García Alba , Gallego Álvarez Teresa , García Román Mª Dolores , Guillén Martín Verónica M. , Tomé Merchán Diego , Castro Zamudio Serafina
Published: June 2020

This paper analyses the degree of participant (mentees, mentors, and technical-research team) satisfaction with two university mentoring programmes for pre-university students with high intellectual capacities in Spain. Three versions of a Likert-type scale questionnaire were applied (mentees, mentors, and technical-research team), resulting in a total sample of 43 questionnaires from mentors, 314 from mentees, and 43 from the technical-research team in 43 workshops offered by the GuíaMe-AC-UMA Programme; and 27 questionnaires from mentors, 203 from mentees, and 27 from the technical-research team in the 27 workshops offered by the Amentúrate Programme. The results indicate a high level of satisfaction with the development of the workshops offered by both programmes, on the part of all participants. No significant differences were found in terms of thematic area or gender, although there were differences in age. The participation of the three agents involved in this training offer was very successful, and our results supported the findings of previous investigations. More work is required on the transfer and maintenance of the impact that this type of programme can have on young pre-university students with high abilities.
Evaluation of Space Service Quality for Facilitating Efficient Operations in a Mass Rapid Transit Station
Authors: Wu I-Chen , Lin Yi-Chun
Published: June 2020

In an urban public transport system, mass rapid transit (MRT) stations play an important role in the concentration and deconcentration of passengers. Spatial conflicts and unclear routes may lead to crowding in MRT stations and reduce their operational efficiency. For this reason, this study proposes a space service quality evaluation method based on agent-based simulation by employing spatial information from building information modeling (BIM) systems as boundary constraints. Moreover, passengers and trains are simulated as interacting agents with complex behaviors in a limited space. This method comprehensively assesses congestion, noise, and air quality to determine service quality in different spaces. Moreover, the results are visualized in different ways for decision making about space planning. Finally, this research demonstrates and verifies the functions of the proposed system with an actual MRT station. Such simulation results can be used as a reference for management personnel to adjust space/route plans to increase passenger satisfaction environment quality, and operational efficiency in the operation stage of an MRT station. The evaluation method establishes valid and reliable measures of service performance and passenger satisfaction as well as other performance outcomes.
The Effects of Multiple Factors on Elderly Pedestrians’ Speed Perception and Stopping Distance Estimation of Approaching Vehicles
Authors: Shi Jiaming , Wu Changxu , Qian Xiuying
Published: June 2020

To make safe road-crossing decisions, it is necessary for pedestrians to accurately estimate the speed and stopping distance of approaching vehicles. Accordingly, the objective of our study was to examine the effects of multiple factors, such as weather conditions, context time (day or night), and illuminance of the roads, on older pedestrians’ (>60 years old) speed perception and stopping distance estimation of approaching vehicles. The participants in this study included 48 older participants who were asked to estimate the speed and stopping distance of approaching vehicles based on 12 s video clips that were selected from natural conditions. The results revealed that actual speeds, weather, context time, and lighting conditions played important roles in the performance of the participants. Compared with young adults, older pedestrians were found to have smaller accurate estimation intervals that varied by multidimensional influencing factors and thus resulted in missing road-crossing opportunities at lower vehicles’ speeds and increasing road-crossing dangers at higher speeds. The older pedestrians’ performance with respect to speed perception and stopping distance estimation is modeled using a regression model with a complex level of tasks. These models can be used by engineers when establishing speed limits and lighting conditions in the areas with senior residents.
On Ulam–Hyers Stability for a System of Partial Differential Equations of First Order
Authors: Marian Daniela , Ciplea Sorina Anamaria , Lungu Nicolaie
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate generalized Ulam–Hyers stability and generalized Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability for a system of partial differential equations of first order. More precisely, we consider a system of two nonlinear equations of first order with an unknown function of two independent variables, which satisfy the corresponding compatibility condition. The study method is that of differential inequalities of the Gronwall type.
Data Analysis Approach for Incomplete Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: Qin Hongwu , Li Huifang , Ma Xiuqin , Gong Zhangyun , Cheng Yuntao , Fei Qinghua
Published: June 2020

The model of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets is a novel excellent solution which can manage the uncertainty and fuzziness of data. However, when we apply this model into practical applications, it is an indisputable fact that there are some missing data in many cases for a variety of reasons. For the purpose of handling this problem, this paper presents new data processing approaches for an incomplete interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. The missing data will be ignored if percentages of missing degree of membership and nonmember ship in total degree of membership and nonmember ship for both the related parameter and object are below the threshold values; otherwise, it will be filled. The proposed filling method fully considers and employs the characteristics of the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set itself. A case is shown in order to display the proposed method. From the results of experiments on all thirty randomly generated datasets, we can discover that the overall accuracy rate is up to 80.1% by our filling method. Finally, we give one real-life application to illustrate our proposed method.
Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer of Al2O3-TiO2/Water Hybrid Nanofluid over a Permeable Moving Plate
Authors: Aladdin Nur Adilah Liyana , Bachok Norfifah
Published: June 2020

Hybrid nanofluid is considered a new type of nanofluid and is further used to increase the heat transfer efficiency. This paper explores the two-dimensional steady axisymmetric boundary layer which contains water (base fluid) and two different nanoparticles to form a hybrid nanofluid over a permeable moving plate. The plate is suspected to move to the free stream in the similar or opposite direction. Similarity transformation is introduced in order to convert the nonlinear partial differential equation of the governing equation into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then, the ODEs are solved using bvp4c in MATLAB 2019a software. The mathematical hybrid nanofluid and boundary conditions under the effect of suction, S, and the concentration of nanoparticles, ϕ 1 (Al2O3) and ϕ 2 (TiO2) are taken into account. Numerical results are graphically described for the skin friction coefficient, C f , and local Nusselt number, N u x , as well as velocity and temperature profiles. The results showed that duality occurs when the plate and the free stream travel in the opposite direction. The range of dual solutions expand widely for S and closely reduce for ϕ . Thus, a stability analysis is performed. The first solution is stable and realizable compared to the second solution. The C f and N u x increase with the increment of S. It is also noted that the increase of ϕ 2 leads to an increase in C f and decrease in N u x .
Prediction of Tool Point Frequency Response Functions within Machine Tool Work Volume Considering the Position and Feed Direction Dependence
Authors: Deng Congying , Feng Yi , Shu Jie , Huang Zhiyu , Tang Qian
Published: June 2020

A chatter vibration in milling process results in poor surface finish and machining efficiency. To avoid the chatter vibration, the stability lobe diagram (SLD) which is the function of tool point frequency response functions (FRFs) is adopted to predict the chatter-free machining parameters. However, the tool point FRF varies with the changes of machining positions and feed directions within machine tool work volume. Considering this situation, this paper presents a method to predict the position and feed direction-dependent tool point FRF. First, modal parameters of the tool point FRFs obtained at some typical positions and feed directions are identified by the modal theory and matrix transformation method. With the sample information, a back propagation (BP) neural network whose inputs are the position coordinates and feed angle and outputs are the modal parameters can be trained with the aid of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then, modal parameters corresponding to any position and feed direction can be predicted by the trained BP neural network and used to reorganize the tool point FRFs with the modal fitting technique. A case study was performed on a real vertical machining center to demonstrate the accurate prediction of position and feed direction-dependent tool point FRFs. Furthermore, the position and feed direction-dependent milling stability was researched and origin-symmetric distributions of the limiting axial cutting depths at each machining position were observed.
Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster
Authors: Brouwer Lieke , Benschop Kimberley S.M. , Nguyen Dung , Kamau Everlyn , Pajkrt Dasja , Simmonds Peter , Wolthers Katja C.
Published: June 2020

Enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent viruses worldwide. Recombination is known to occur frequently in EVs belonging to species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Although many recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) strains have been reported, our knowledge on recombination in non-polio EVs in the species Enterovirus C is limited. Here, we combined a dataset consisting of 11 newly generated full-length Enterovirus C sequences and 180 publicly available sequences to study recombination dynamics in non-polio EVs. To identify recombination patterns, maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of different genomic regions were constructed, and segregation analyses were performed. Recombination was observed between members of the same 3DPol cluster, but was rarely observed between members of different clusters. We hypothesize that this restriction may have arisen through their different compartmentalization in respiratory and enteric tracts related to differences in cellular tropisms so that the opportunity to recombine may not be available.
A Study of Multi-Objective Crashworthiness Optimization of the Thin-Walled Composite Tube under Axial Load
Authors: Seyedi Mohammad Reza , Khalkhali Abolfazl
Published: June 2020

In recent decades, thin-walled composite components have been widely used in the automotive industry due to their high specific energy absorption. A large number of experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to characterize the energy absorption mechanism and failure criteria for different composite tubes. Their results indicate that the energy absorption characteristics depend highly on the failure modes that occur during the impact. And failure mechanism is dependent on fiber material, matrix material, fiber angle, the layout of the fibers, as well as the geometry of structure and load condition. In this paper, first, the finite element (FE) model of the CFRP tube was developed using the Tsai-Wu failure criterion to model the crush characteristics. The FE results were validated using the published experimental. Then, a series of FE simulations were conducted considering different fiber directions and the number of layers to generate enough data for constructing the GMDH-type neural network. The polynomial expression of the three outputs (energy absorption, maximum force, and critical buckling force) was extracted using the GMDH algorithm and was used to perform the Pareto-based multi-objective optimizations. Finally, the failure mechanism of the optimum design point was simulated in LS-DYNA. The main contribution of this study was to successfully model the CFRP tube and damage mechanism using appropriate material constitutive model’s parameters and present the multi-objective method to find the optimum crashworthy design of the CFRP tube.
Nitrogen Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community Analysis of a High-Efficiency Honeycomb Fixed-Bed Bioreactor
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhu Chao , Liu Yi , Lv Guanghui , Tian Changyan , Ma Hongrui
Published: June 2020

Based on the concept of microbial community multi-processing in integrated spatial bacterial succession (ISBS), this study constructs a highly efficient cellular fixed-bed bioreactor that follows the growth of biological flora in the wastewater treatment process. The reactor is organically partitioned based on synergistic laws and in accordance with environmental and microbial metabolic changes, and sewage is subjected to unitized and specialized biological treatment under direct current conditions. The results show that the ISBS reactor exhibits stable nitrogen removal performance under a low-carbon source. Compared with traditional sewage biochemical treatment technology, the microbial concentration is increased by 2–3 times and even up to 12 times, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is maintained at 99%. The removal rate reaches 90% (hydraulic retention time of 14 h). High-throughput sequencing analysis based on 16S rDNA reveals the microbial community structure succession at different depths of the same section of the reactor. The microbial community is rich under the influence of environmental factors and exhibits different responses. The intervals vary. An analysis of the microbial community function explains why the ISBS reactor has high nitrogen removal efficiency.
Agricultural Water Allocation under Cyclical Scarcity: The Role of Priority Water Rights
Authors: Gómez-Limón José A. , Gutiérrez-Martín Carlos , Montilla-López Nazaret M.
Published: June 2020

Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource worldwide, suggesting that water rationing methods should be revised to improve water allocation efficiency, especially during cyclical scarcity events (droughts). The proportional rule is the most widely used rationing method to allocate water in cases of water scarcity. However, this method fails to achieve Pareto-efficient allocation arrangements. Economic theory and international experience demonstrate that implementing security-differentiated water rights could improve allocative efficiency during cyclical scarcity periods. Moreover, it has been proven that this kind of priority rights regime is an efficient instrument to share risks related to water supply reliability, and can thus be considered as an adaptation measure to climate change. This evidence has enabled the development of an operational proposal for the implementation of security-differentiated water rights in the irrigation sector in Spain, as an alternative to the current rights based on the proportional rule. This proposal draws on the Australian case study, which is the most successful experience worldwide. Nevertheless, the insights obtained from the analysis performed and the proposal for reforming the water rights regime are applicable to any country with a mature water economy.
Development of an Electrochemical Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor for the Removal of PPCPs from Wastewater
Authors: Qi Kangquan , Chen Mei , Dai Ruobin , Li Qiang , Lai Miaoju , Wang Zhiwei
Published: June 2020

The removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from water and wastewater is of great significance for eco-system safety. In this study, an electrochemical ceramic membrane bioreactor (ECMBR) was developed for removing seven groups (24 kinds in total) of PPCPs from real wastewater. In the presence of an electric field (2 V/cm), the ECMBR could enhance the removal efficiencies for most targeted PPCPs without having adverse impacts on conventional pollutant removal and membrane filtration. The ECMBR achieved higher removal efficiencies for fluoroquinolones (82.8%), β-blockers (24.6%), and sulfonamides (41.0%) compared to the control (CMBR) (52.9%, 4.6%, and 36.4%). For trimethoprim, ECMBR also significantly increased the removal to 66.5% compared to 15.6% in CMBR. Furthermore, the exertion of an electric field did not cause significant changes in microbial communities, suggesting that the enhanced removal of PPCPs should be attributed to the electrochemical oxidation of the built-in electrodes in the ECMBR.
A Process-Based, Fully Distributed Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport Model for WRF-Hydro
Authors: Yin Dongxiao , Xue Z. George , Gochis David J. , Yu Wei , Morales Mirce , Rafieeinasab Arezoo
Published: June 2020

A soil erosion and sediment transport model (WRF-Hydro-Sed) is introduced to WRF-Hydro. As a process-based, fully distributed soil erosion model, WRF-Hydro-Sed accounts for both overland and channel processes. Model performance is evaluated using observed rain gauge, streamflow, and sediment concentration data during rainfall events in the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed in Mississippi, USA. Both streamflow and sediment yield can be calibrated and validated successfully at a watershed scale during rainfall events. Further discussion reveals the model’s uncertainty and the applicability of calibrated hydro- and sediment parameters to different events. While an intensive calibration over multiple events can improve the model’s performance to a certain degree compared with single event-based calibration, it might not be an optimal strategy to carry out considering the tremendous computational resources needed.
Parameterization of Soil Hydraulic Parameters for HYDRUS-3D Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics in a Drip-Irrigated Orchard
Authors: Domínguez-Niño Jesús María , Arbat Gerard , Raij-Hoffman Iael , Kisekka Isaya , Girona Joan , Casadesús Jaume
Published: June 2020

Although surface drip irrigation allows an efficient use of water in agriculture, the heterogeneous distribution of soil water complicates its optimal usage. Mathematical models can be used to simulate the dynamics of water in the soil below a dripper and promote: a better understanding, and optimization, of the design of drip irrigation systems, their improved management and their monitoring with soil moisture sensors. The aim of this paper was to find the most appropriate configuration of HYDRUS-3D for simulating the soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated orchard. Special emphasis was placed on the source of the soil hydraulic parameters. Simulations parameterized using the Rosetta approach were therefore compared with others parameterized using that of HYPROP + WP4C. The simulations were validated on a seasonal scale, against measurements made using a neutron probe, and on the time course of several days, against tensiometers. The results showed that the best agreement with soil moisture measurements was achieved with simulations parameterized from HYPROP + WP4C. It further improved when the shape parameter n was empirically calibrated from a subset of neutron probe measurements. The fit of the simulations with measurements was best at positions near the dripper and worsened at positions outside its wetting pattern and at depths of 80 cm or more.
Abrasion Behavior and Anti-Wear Measures of Debris Flow Drainage Channel with Large Gradient
Authors: Yang Dongxu , You Yong , Zhao Wanyu , Huang Hai , Sun Hao , Liu Yang
Published: June 2020

Debris flow gullies have high potential energy and geomorphic characteristics including a steep longitudinal slope and abundant loose material sources. They often experience debris flow with a strong impact force and a large instantaneous flow. Drainage engineering measures are most commonly used for mitigation in these gullies. However, the abrasion of drainage channels with large gradients (DCLG) is complex and strong because of the high-speed flushing of debris. In this study, the abrasion behavior of debris flow in DCLG is analyzed based on the kinematic characteristics and the theory of composite abrasive wear. Energy dissipation and anti-wear measures are suggested, and their effects are summarized with reference to a case study and in situ observation. The results show that there are four main types of wear morphology in drainage channels. The abrasion system of drainage channels shows the characteristics of system dependency, time dependency and multidisciplinary coupling. Energy dissipation and anti-wear measures include prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes as substrate, transverse roughening belts, adding a wear-resistant admixture, etc. The flow velocity of the debris flow is reduced by 5.7–37.1% after passing through the energy dissipation section. The distribution of abrasion and the mud depth show that the variation trend of the flow velocity in the channel is ”acceleration → deceleration → reacceleration“. According to tracking observations during two flood seasons, the energy dissipation and anti-wear measures are the most effective.
An Improved Meshless Divergence-Free PBF Framework for Ocean Wave Modeling in Marine Simulator
Authors: Li Haijiang , Ren Hongxiang , Duan Xingfeng , Wang Chang
Published: June 2020

It is a challenging work to simulate wind and waves in virtual scenes of marine simulators. In this paper, a divergence-free position based fluid (DFPBF) framework is introduced for ocean wave modeling in marine simulators. We introduce a set of constant density constraints and divergence-free velocity constraints to enforce incompressibility. By adjusting the position distribution of fluid particles, the particle density is forced to be constant. Constraining the divergence-free velocity field can keep the density change rate at zero. When correcting the position and velocity of particles, we introduced a relaxation correction scheme to accelerate the convergence of the framework. The simulation results show that as the scene scale expands and the number of fluid particles increases, this acceleration effect will be more significant. Secondly, we propose a novel particle-based three-dimensional stochastic fluctuating wind field. The Perlin noise is introduced to disturb the constant horizontal wind field to form a stochastic wind field. On this basis, a stochastic fluctuating wind field simulation framework is proposed. By adjusting the pulse period and pulse width, users can flexibly control the fluid turnover under the action of the wind field. This wind field framework can be easily integrated into the DFPBF model. Based on this wind field model, we simulated some typical wind wave scenarios, including interaction scenarios with lighthouse and lifebuoy, and verified the effectiveness of the wind field model.
Macro-Turbulent Flow and Its Impacts on Sediment Transport Potential of a Subarctic River during Ice-Covered and Open-Channel Conditions
Authors: Lotsari Eliisa , Dietze Michael , Kämäri Maria , Alho Petteri , Kasvi Elina
Published: June 2020

Macro-turbulent flows (i.e., coherent flow structures reaching through the whole water column), have not been studied widely in northern seasonally frozen rivers during both open-channel and ice-covered flow conditions. Thus, we aim: (1) to detect and compare the macro-turbulent flow, both at open-channel and ice-covered flow conditions; (2) to explore spatial variation of macro-turbulent flow characteristics within a meander bend; and (3) to detect the effects of near-bed layer velocity fluctuation on bedload transport during differing overall flow conditions. The analyses are based on 5–10 min-long acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements from a subarctic river. The ice-covered low flow, and open-channel higher and lower flow conditions were measured over the period of 2016 to 2020. This study found that macro-turbulent flow existed at all measurement locations under both open-channel and ice-covered flow conditions. Macro-turbulent flow was most consistent and obvious in the streamwise velocity component, and in particular at the inlet and outlet of the investigated meander bend. During all seasons, the near-bed velocities consistently exceeded the sufficient amount for sediment transport. At inlet and outlet areas, the greatest near-bed velocity fluctuation across the critical threshold for sediment transport coincided with the measurement times having frequent macro-turbulent flow.
Numerical Modeling of Microbial Fate and Transport in Natural Waters: Review and Implications for Normal and Extreme Storm Events
Authors: Weiskerger Chelsea J. , Phanikumar Mantha S.
Published: June 2020

Degradation of water quality in recreational areas can be a substantial public health concern. Models can help beach managers make contemporaneous decisions to protect public health at recreational areas, via the use of microbial fate and transport simulation. Approaches to modeling microbial fate and transport vary widely in response to local hydrometeorological contexts, but many parameterizations include terms for base mortality, solar inactivation, and sedimentation of microbial contaminants. Models using these parameterizations can predict up to 87% of variation in observed microbial concentrations in nearshore water, with root mean squared errors ranging from 0.41 to 5.37 log10 Colony Forming Units (CFU) 100 mL−1. This indicates that some models predict microbial fate and transport more reliably than others and that there remains room for model improvement across the board. Model refinement will be integral to microbial fate and transport simulation in the face of less readily observable processes affecting water quality in nearshore areas. Management of contamination phenomena such as the release of storm-associated river plumes and the exchange of contaminants between water and sand at the beach can benefit greatly from optimized fate and transport modeling in the absence of directly observable data.
Prescription of suboptimal statin treatment regimens: a retrospective cohort study of trends and variation in English primary care
Authors: Curtis Helen J , Walker Alex J , MacKenna Brian , Croker Richard , Goldacre Ben
Published: June 2020

Background

Since 2014 English national guidance recommends ‘high-intensity’ statins, reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by ≥40%.

Aim

To describe trends and variation in low-/medium-intensity statin prescribing and assess the feasibility of rapid prescribing behaviour change.

Design and setting

A retrospective cohort study using OpenPrescribing data from all 8142 standard NHS general practices in England from August 2010 to March 2019.

Method

Statins were categorised as high- or low-/medium-intensity using two different thresholds, and the proportion prescribed below these thresholds was calculated. The authors plotted trends and geographical variation, carried out mixed-effects logistic regression to identify practice characteristics associated with breaching of guidance, and used indicator saturation to identify sudden prescribing changes.

Results

The proportion of statins prescribed below the recommended 40% LDL-lowering threshold has decreased gradually from 80% in 2011/2012 to 45% in 2019; the proportion below a pragmatic 37% threshold decreased from 30% to 18% in 2019. Guidance from 2014 had minimal impact on trends. Wide variation was found between practices (interdecile ranges 20% to 85% and 10% to 30% respectively in 2018). Regression identified no strong associations with breaching of guidance. Indicator saturation identified several practices exhibiting sudden changes towards greater guideline compliance.

Conclusion

Breaches of guidance on choice of statin remain common, with substantial variation between practices. Some have implemented rapid change, indicating the feasibility of rapid prescribing behaviour change. This article discusses the potential for a national strategic approach, using data and evidence to optimise care, including targeted education alongside audit and feedback to outliers through services such as OpenPrescribing.
Initial Validation of a Machine Learning-Derived Prognostic Test (KidneyIntelX) Integrating Biomarkers and Electronic Health Record Data To Predict Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Chauhan Kinsuk , Nadkarni Girish N. , Fleming Fergus , McCullough James , He Cijiang J. , Quackenbush John , Murphy Barbara , Donovan Michael J. , Coca Steven G. , Bonventre Joseph V.
Published: June 2020

Background

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or the apolipoprotein L1 high-risk (APOL1-HR) genotypes are at increased risk of rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and kidney failure. We hypothesized that a prognostic test using machine learning integrating blood biomarkers and longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data would improve risk stratification.

Methods

We selected two cohorts from the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank: T2D (n=871) and African ancestry with APOL1-HR (n=498). We measured plasma tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) 1 and 2 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and used random forest algorithms to integrate biomarker and EHR data to generate a risk score for a composite outcome: RKFD (eGFR decline of ≥5 ml/min per year), or 40% sustained eGFR decline, or kidney failure. We compared performance to a validated clinical model and applied thresholds to assess the utility of the prognostic test (KidneyIntelX) to accurately stratify patients into risk categories.

Results

Overall, 23% of those with T2D and 18% of those with APOL1-HR experienced the composite kidney end point over a median follow-up of 4.6 and 5.9 years, respectively. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of KidneyIntelX was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.79) in T2D, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.83) in APOL1-HR, outperforming the clinical models (AUC, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.67] and 0.72 [95% CI, 0.71 to 0.73], respectively; P<0.001). The positive predictive values for KidneyIntelX were 62% and 62% versus 46% and 39% for the clinical models (P<0.01) in high-risk (top 15%) stratum for T2D and APOL1-HR, respectively. The negative predictive values for KidneyIntelX were 92% in T2D and 96% for APOL1-HR versus 85% and 93% for the clinical model, respectively (P=0.76 and 0.93, respectively), in low-risk stratum (bottom 50%).

Conclusions

In patients with T2D or APOL1-HR, a prognostic test (KidneyIntelX) integrating biomarker levels with longitudinal EHR data significantly improved prediction of a composite kidney end point of RKFD, 40% decline in eGFR, or kidney failure over validated clinical models.
Encontros em zonas de fronteiras: contaminações entre estágio supervisionado e linguagens
Authors: Oliveira Junior Wenceslao Machado de
Published: June 2020

Como levar vida aos corpos-estudantes-professores nos estágios supervisionados? É em torno dessa pergunta que esse ensaio busca apontar os estágios de licenciatura como encontros em zonas de fronteiras onde o imprevisto teria força para se constituir como matéria viva para encontros intensivos, onde ocorrem contágios diversos que levam vida aos corpos dos estudantes e aos demais corpos ali encontrados, inclusive o corpo-educação, o corpo-linguagem, o corpo-imagem. Apresentam-se crônicas escritas pelos estudantes-estagiários onde traços dessas intensidades dos encontros atravessam a escrita, testemunhando desfigurações das figuras já existentes – aprisionadoras do pensamento – do bom professor.
Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Tekanan Darah Asam Urat Gratis Di Wilayah Siring, Menar Pandang, Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Niah Rahkmadhan , Febrianti Dwi
Published: June 2020

Menara Pandang merupakan salah satu pusat olahraga dan wisata di kota Banjarmasin. masalah kesehatan banyak dihadapi salah satunya adalah Hipertensi dan Asam Urat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan pemeriksaan kesehatan serta pemeriksaan gratis untuk mengontrol kesehatan masyarakat yang bekerjasama dengan IRADIO 90,1 FM Banjarmasin. Target dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat Wilayah Siring, Menara Pandang, Banjarmasin. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam upaya menjaga kesehatannya. Pada hasil Tekanan darah normal (78,79%), Hipertensi I (18,18%) dan Hipertensi II (3,03%). Begitu juga dengan hasil pemeriksaan kadar asam urat dengan hasil berturut-turut Tidak terdeteksi (3,03%), Normal (78,79%) dan Tinggi (18,18%). Beberapa hasil terdapat masyarakat yang Hipertensi dan Asam Urat. Namun kebanyakan dari hasil diskusi dikarenakan pola hidup dan riwayat penyakit, sehingga mereka datang ke Siring, Menara pandang untuk memperbaiki pola hidup. Oleh karena itu diharapkan melalui kegiatan ini kesadaran masyarakat tentang kesehatan dapat meningkat dan terkontrol
Peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata-Pembelajaran dan Pemberdayaan (KKN-PPM) Desa Penagan Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Amelia Ririn
Published: June 2020

Desa Penagan memiliki potensi lokal yang belum dikelola secara maksimal oleh masyarakat. Tentunya pemanfaatan potensi lokal harus didukung dengan sumber daya manusia yang memadai pula. Dalam hal ini, peningkatan sumber daya manusia tersebut dilakukan melalui program KKN-PPM di Desa Penagan. Adapun tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melakukan koordinasi dengan pemerintah Desa Penagan, penyebaran kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan program KKN-PPM, dan melakukan evaluasi kegiatan. Program KKN-PPM mendapat respon positifdan dukungan tidak hanya dari Pemerintah Desa Penagan saja, organisasi pemuda seperti: Karang Taruna, Ikatan Remaja Masjid (IRMas), ibu-ibu Pemberdayaan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK), siswa-siswi sekolah dasar hingga menengah atas pun ikut berpartisipasi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diperoleh 99,33% masyarakat setuju bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat diperlukan dalam menyukseskan kegiatan KKN-PPM Desa Penagan. Keaktifan, sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat masing-masing mengalami kenaikan sebesar 13,93%, 0,59%, 6% dan 17,48% setelah program KKN-PPM terselesaikan. Artinya, pelaksanaan program KKN-PPM berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan sumber daya manusia di Desa Penagan. Harapannya kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan kepedulian masyarakat, pengetahuan mengenai potensi lokal dan meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di Desa Penagan secara maksimal.

Kata Kunci: Desa Penagan; KKN-PPM; sumber daya manusia; potensi lokal;
Kepatuhan Kunjungan Antenatal Care Berdasarkan Faktor Maternal
Authors: Fatkhiyah Natiqotul , Rejeki Sri Tanjung , Atmoko Dwi
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK Salah satu penyebab Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) adalah komplikasi dalam kehamilan maupun persalinan. Komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan dapat dicegah dengan pemeriksaan antenatal care (ANC) secara teratur. ANC merupakan kunjungan ibu hamil dengan tenaga kesehatan untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kehamilan sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan. Data yang diperoleh dari puskesmas Slawi bulan Januari-Juni tahun 2019 untuk cakupan kunjungan K1 sebanyak 82,1% dan cakupan K4 sebanyak 79%.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kepatuhan kunjungan ANC berdasarkan faktor determinan maternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian sejumlah 30 ibu hamil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan  mayoritas usia ibu reproduktif sebesar 66,67%, status multigravida (kehamilan kedua dan ketiga) sebesar 66.67%, kehamilan normal (60%) dan telah memenuhi standar K1 sebesar 83.33% dan memenuhi standar K4 sebesar  86.67%. Ada hubungan antara usia ibu hamil dengan dengan kepatuhan kunjungan ANC (p value 0,02)  dan ada hubungan status paritas dengan kepatuhan kunjungan ANC (p value 0,04) dan tidak ada hubungan komplikasi kehamilan dengan kepatuhan kunjungan ANC.Kata kunci : ibu hamil; kepatuhan; antenatal care  ANTENATAL CARE VISIT COMPLIANCE BASED ON MATERNAL FACTORS ABSTRACTOne of the causes of maternal mortality is complications in pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancy and childbirth complications can be prevented by regular antenatal care visit. ANC is a visit of pregnant women with health workers to get health service in accordance with established standards. Data obtained from Slawi Health Centre in January-June 2019 for coverage of Phase 1 visits was 82.1% and phase 4 coverage was 79%. The objevtive of this study was to determine the regularity of ANC based on maternal determinants. This  study was quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The number of respondents was 30 pregnant women by using accidental sampling technique. The study was conducted in January-March 2020. Bivariate analysis used chi square test. The results showed that pregnant women who did ANC regularly amounted to 86.67%. The results showed that there was a relationship between age with antenatal care visit because the p value was 0.02, there was a relationship between parity with antenatal care visit with p value 0.04, and there was no relationship between pregnancy diagnosis with antenatal care visit because the p value was 0.08. Pregnant women are expected to perform ANC regularly for early detection of complications in pregnancy. Keywords: pregnant women; compliance; antenatal care
PHASE COMPOSITION OF THE INTERACTION ZONE FORMED IN THE TI-CU SYSTEM COMPOSITE IN THE PRESENCE OF A LIQUID PHASE
Authors: Shmorgun V. G. , Slautin O. V. , Serov A. G. , Kulevich V. P.
Published: June 2020

It was shown that heat treatment of Ti-Cu system composites at temperatures above the melting temperature of copper (copper-nickel alloy) leads to the formation of an interaction zone, the structure and phase composition of which is determined by the temperature and time of existence of the liquid melt solid solution in contact with the interlayer. Other things being equal, an increase in the exposure time leads to an increase in the volume of reacted titanium and the weight fraction of titanium-rich intermetallic compounds in its structure.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE METAL BY THE PARAMETERS OF THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION OF A SPHERICAL INDENTER
Authors: Matlin M. M. , Kazankin V. A. , Kazankina E. N.
Published: June 2020

The paper describes non-destructive methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of metals based on the regularities of elastic-plastic indentation of a spherical indenter into the test material. Using the proposed methods makes it possible to construct a diagram of true tensile stresses based on the results of a single indentation of a spherical indenter.
FORMATION OF A MULTI-LAYERED TITANO-STEEL INTERMETALLIC COMPOSITE
Authors: Arisova V. N. , Gurevich L. M. , Kharlamov V. O. , Tverdysheva D. D. , Izyumsky V. A.
Published: June 2020

The work presents the results of studies on the formation of intermetallic layers in a five-layer explosion-welded composite titanium VT-20+steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti after heat treatment at temperatures of 800, 850 and 900 °C and holding times of 4 and 10 hours. The structure, microhardness, chemical composition of the diffusion zones of the composite were studied using optic, electron microscopy and X-ray spectral analysis.
INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACED ALLOY SYSTEM FE - C - CR - NI - MN - MO - TI - NB
Authors: Priyatkin D. V. , Artem'ev A. A. , Loyko P. V. , Sokolov G. N. , Lysak V. I.
Published: June 2020

Metallographic studies of the microstructure of the experimental type of the deposited alloy of the Fe - C - Cr - Ni - Mn - Mo - Ti - Nb alloying system were performed. The chemical and granulometric composition of the metal-strengthening phases has been determined. The weld metal was tested for resistance to gas-abrasive wear at elevated temperatures. The wear resistance of the deposited metal was diagnosed by sclerometry with obtaining images of tracks from the indenter using atomic force microscopy. The character of microplastic deformation of worn surface layers of the alloy is investigated. The influence of the structural phase composition and hardening phases in the deposited metal on its wear resistance is discussed. Promising ways to further increase the resistance of the experimental alloy to gas-abrasive wear are determined.
Okuma güçlüğü yaşayan ilkokul öğrencilerinin derinlemesine incelenmesi: Bir durum çalışması
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ ŞENEL Gonca , BAŞTUĞ Muhammet
Published: June 2020

Ülkemizde ilkokulun son sınıfına geldiği halde istenilen düzeyde okuma ve anlama becerisine sahip olmayan öğrenciler mevcuttur. Bu araştırmada ilkokul dördüncü sınıfa devam eden ve okuma güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve okul hayatındaki durumları incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden olan durum çalışması ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, yanlış analizi envanterine göre endişe düzeyinde okuma yeterliğine sahip, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında ilkokul dördüncü sınıfa devam eden ikisi erkek üçü kız olmak üzere beş öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi gözlem, görüşme ve doküman analizidir. Araştırma verileri, yanlış analizi envanteri, e-okul verileri, öğrencilerin ders materyalleri ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen gözlem formu, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Veriler içeriksel ve betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, okuma güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin akademik olarak da başarısız oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanısıra öğrencilerin okul ve sınıf içinde, arkadaşları arasında, ders sürecinde çeşitli zorluklar yaşadıkları ve istenmeyen davranışlar sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılarak çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.