bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant Axon of
Myxicola
: Some Membrane Properties as Observed under Voltage Clamp
Authors: Binstock L. , Goldman L.
Published: October 2006

A new space-voltage clamped giant (500 to 900 microns) axon preparation is described (
Myxicola infundibulum
). Normal value for resting and action potentials are 71 and 89 millivolts, respectively. This preparation under voltage clamp exhibits relations between current and voltage like those described for the squid axon. The early inward current component is reduced in a solution with low sodium concentration. This preparation, then, acts in all its essential features like the squid giant axon.
Myxicola
, however, can be made available the year around and should prove to be an extremely useful preparation for the study of excitable membranes.
Sulfide Solubilities in Alteration-Controlled Systems
Authors: Hemley J. J. , Meyer C. , Hodgson C. J. , Thatcher A. B.
Published: October 2006

Solubilities of sphalerite (ZnS) and galena (PbS) were determined at 300° to 500°C and 1000 bars total pressure in a chemical environment buffered by silicate mineral equilibria. Chloride solutions and muscovite-bearing assemblages characteristic of hydrothermal wall-rock alteration were used; weak acidities at temperature were therefore involved. The metal concentrations encountered tended to be higher than those observed in high bisulfide-H
2
S systems at neutral to weakly basic
p
H used in most previous experimentation; the chemical conditions of the work, although not completely satisfactory, are geologically more realistic than previous experimentation done in the basic-
p
H region.
Puromycin and Retention in the Goldfish
Authors: Potts Alcine , Bitterman M. E.
Published: October 2006

A first experiment compared the behavior of goldfish injected with puromycin immediately after each of a weekly series of brief discriminative training sessions in the shuttlebox to that of appropriate controls. Discrimination was not prevented, nor was escape from shock impaired, but probability of response to the conditioned stimuli, both positive and negative, was reduced substantially. These results suggest that puromycin interferes with the consolidation of conditioned fear. The null outcome of a second experiment, in which all training was given in a single long session instead of a series of short sessions, suggests (contrary to recent indications) that consolidation begins in the training session. The conditioned-fear hypothesis is supported by the results of a third experiment in which the animals were shocked upon entering a goalbox to which they had previously learned to swim for food; animals injected with puromycin, immediately after the shock, entered the goalbox more readily 1 week later than did appropriate controls.
Pyrite Group: An Unusual Member: Cu
0.60
Ni
0.14
Co
0.03
Fe
0.23
S
2
Authors: Ypma peter J. M.
Published: October 2006

An investigation of villamaninite from the type locality indicates that former analyses were of aggregates rather than of individual minerals. A redefinition embraces a larger range of solid solution, the end-member of which has the highest content of copper so far attributed to a member of the pyrite family.
Protein Conformation in Solution: Cross-Linking of Lysozyme
Authors: Moore Gerald L. , Day Richard A.
Published: October 2006

The cross-linking of lysozyme by reaction with phenol-2,4-disulfonyl chloride has been effected. The cross-linked protein retained enzymatic activity, has approximately the same molecular weight as native lysozyme, and has essentially the same conformation as native lysozyme as judged by optical rotatory dispersion analysis. The positions of sulfonylation were assigned by a standard degradation sequence; the presence of sulfonamide bonds was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Cross-links may thus be introduced without incurring major structural changes in the protein, and certain intramolecular distances that are allowed in the active enzyme may be deduced.
Guinea Pig Complement: Two Active Forms of First Component
Authors: Hoffmann Louis G.
Published: October 2006

By solubility chromatography at
p
H 7.5 and low ionic strength, a partially purified preparation of the first component of guinea pig complement was separated into two fractions of different solubility under these conditions. On rechromatography, each fraction emerged in the same position as it had originally.
Phytostat for Continuous Culture and Automatic Sampling of Plant-Cell Suspensions
Authors: Miller R. A. , Shyluk J. P. , Gamborg O. L. , Kirkpatrick J. W.
Published: October 2006

An apparatus for growing plant cells in suspension culture is described; it may be used for continuous or batch culture, and is equipped with a valve for automatic collection of samples. Aeration is by continuous bubbling of air into the culture through fritted glass. Normal culture-duplication times are from 30 to 35 hours.
6-Methylpurine-H
3
: Intracellular Localization in Pea Root Tip Cells
Authors: Chen H.-R.
Published: October 2006

6-Methylpurine-H
3
, a potent inhibitor, was detected by autoradiography in the nucleoli of pea root tip cells. Most of the radioactivity was in the nucleoli of growing cells in the meristematic region. Treatment of the labeled cells with ribonuclease indicates that 6-methylpurine-H
3
is incorporated into nucleolar RNA which then moves from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm.
Carbon-14 Milk Constituents from Cows Fed Carbamate Labeled with Carbon-14 on the Carbonyl
Authors: Dorough H. Wyman , Ivie G. Wayne
Published: October 2006

Oral administration to a dairy cow of Furadan insecticide (2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-7-benzofuranyl
N
-methylcarbamate) labeled with carbon-14 on the carbonyl produced in the milk certain radioactive materials which were not Furadan metabolites. The data suggest that these products were natural milk constituents containing only the carbon-14 atom from the Furadan molecule. Carbon-14-labeled carbon dioxide formed by the hydrolysis of the carbamate insecticide is the apparent precursor of these radiolabeled constituents of the milk.
Myoglobin Subfractions: Abnormality in Duchenne Type of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Miyoshi Kazuo , Saijo Kazuo , Kuryu Yojiro , Oshima Yasuo , Nakano Masuhiro , Kawai Hisaomi
Published: October 2006

Human metmyoglobin was separated electrophoretically into four subfractions: Mb
1
, Mb
2
, Mb
3
, and Mb
4
, which divide into at least two biochemically independent groups: Mb
1
and Mb
2
, and Mb
3
and Mb
4
. In normal subjects, Mb
1
constituted the predominant component; Mb
2
, Mb
3
, and Mb
4
were the minor components in this descending order. In the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy, on the contrary, a remarkable decrease in Mb
1
and a concomitant increase in Mb
3
were observed. This unique abnormality in the relative distribution of myoglobin subfractions was recognized only in the Duchenne type and not in other types of progressive muscular dystrophy or in other myopathies.
Spreading of the Ocean Floor: Undeformed Sediments in the Peru-Chile Trench
Authors: Scholl David W. , von Huene Roland , Ridlon James B.
Published: October 2006

None of the expected stratigraphic and structural effects of a spreading sea floor have been imposed on the sedimentary fill of the Peru-Chile Trench. During at least the last several million years, and perhaps during much of the Cenozoic, the trench has not been affected by an oceanic crust thrusting under the continent.
Antigen Binding to Cells: Determination by Enzymic Fluorogenic Group Hydrolysis
Authors: Sercarz Eli E. , Modabber Farrokh
Published: October 2006

A sensitive method for detecting cells containing antibody to β-galactosidase has been devised. The enzyme attached to the cells containing antibody can hydrolyze a fluorogenic substrate and yield fluorescent products which are measured microphotofluorometrically. This method of detecting a few molecules of antibody is applicable to other enzyme antigen systems.
Physical Support with and without Optical Support: Reaction to Apparent Depth by Chicks and Rats
Authors: Schiffman H. R.
Published: October 2006

The locomotor reactions to apparent depth made by chicks and rats were measured in situations offering physical support with and without optical information for support. Chicks avoided an optical void though it provided physical support. Rats responded indifferently to the presence or absence of optical information for support as long as physical support was available.
Cavitation in Liquids Demonstrated by Ultrashort-Exposure Radiography
Authors: Hugh A. E. , Lynch P. R.
Published: October 2006

Using a field-emission x-ray tube, giving a much shorter pulse of rays than does conventional apparatus, we have demonstrated around a water jet the presence of a toroidal cavity that could not be detected visually. One advantage of this method of demonstrating cavitation is that it may be used with fluids and vessels that are opaque to light.
Murine Hepatitis Virus: Effect on Liver RNA
Authors: Tsuji T. , Hirschowitz B. I. , Sachs G.
Published: October 2006

After infection of mice with hepatitis virus MHV3, the RNA in the liver undergoes changes. The fraction extracted with phenol at 0°C does not alter. However, the fraction extracted with hot phenol at elevated
p
H (60°C,
p
H 8.3) shows a 16
S
peak on sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. This fraction shows actinomycin D-resistant incorporation of C
14
-orotic acid in infected but not in control livers—possible evidence of the RNA nature of MHV3.
17β-Estradiol: Inducer of Uterine Hexokinase
Authors: Valadares J. R. E. , Singhal Radhey L. , Parulekar M. R.
Published: October 2006

Administration of estradiol to ovariectomized rats induced new synthesis of uterine hexokinase which was prevented by actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, cycloheximide, or ethionine. The estradiol-induced increase in uterine hexokinase activity was detectable as early as 4 hours. The increase in enzyme activity was dependent upon the dose of the hormone. The evidence indicates that the increased hexokinase activity induced by 17β-estradiol may entail an acceleration of the synthesis of certain RNA species.
Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase: Reversible Denaturation Studies
Authors: Schechter Alan N. , Epstein Charles J.
Published: October 2006

The malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from the mitochondria of chicken hearts have been partially resolved into separate pools. Reversible denaturation, in concentrated guanidine hydrochloride, does not change the isoenzyme distribution in each pool. This result suggests that the electrophoretic differences among the isoenzymes are not solely conformational in origin.
Exsolution in Clinoamphiboles
Authors: Ross Malcolm , Papike J. J. , Weiblen Paul W.
Published: October 2006

Ten amphibole specimens from a variety of metamorphic rocks such as talc schists, eclogites, and metamorphosed iron formations contain lamellae of a second amphibole oriented parallel to (1̅01) or (100), or both, of the host. Tremolites, actinolites, and hornblendes commonly have lamellae of a calcium-poor clinoamphibole with
P
2
1
/
m
space-group symmetry, or lamellae of cummingtonite with
C
2/
m
space-group symmetry. Likewise cummingtonites and
P
2
1
/
m
clinoamphiboles commonly contain lamellae of calcium-rich
C
2/
m
amphiboles such as tremolite. Results of x-ray diffraction, electron-probe, and microscope studies indicate that most lamellae result from unmixing of a homogeneous amphibole. The
P
2
1
/
m
clinoamphibole is analogous to the clinopyroxene pigeonite in agreement with the results of M. G. Bown.
Carcinogens 3,4-Benzpyrene and 3-Methylcholanthrene: Induction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Enzymes
Authors: Zenker Nicholas , Hanker Jacob S. , Morizono Yoshihisa , Deb Chandicharan , Seligman Arnold M.
Published: October 2006

Sections of liver from rats injected with 3,4-benzpyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene, when incubated in mediums specific for the histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, show greater activity of several of these enzymes than do sections from control rats. This observation was confirmed by comparison of the staining of mitochondria isolated from the control and from "induced" rats. The fact that an inhibitor of protein synthesis, actinomycin D, effectively diminished the stimulation provided evidence that the stimulation of activity is due to an increase in enzyme synthesis, generally called induction.
Boron Isotope Effect in Superconducting Zirconium Dodecaboride
Authors: Chu C. W. , Hill H. H.
Published: October 2006

The boron isotope effect in ZrB
12
has been determined to be
T
c
∝
M
α
, where α is equal to - 0.09 ± 0.05,
M
is the boron mass, and
T
c
is the superconducting transition temperature.
Ribosome Biogenesis: Nonrandom Addition of Structural Proteins to 50
S
Subunits
Authors: Sells B. H. , Davis F. C.
Published: October 2006

Assemblage of structural proteins into 50
S
subunits was examined in
Escherichia coli
recovering from chloramphenicol treatment. Cells previously labeled with H
3
-leucine for three generations were incubated for 30 minutes with chloramphenicol. Proteins synthesized during the initial 5 minutes of recovery from chloramphenicol treatment were labeled with C
14
-leucine. Marked variation in the ratios of C
14
- to H
3
-leucine in ribosomal protein occurred in cells that had been treated with chloramphenicol; untreated cells displayed little variation. The results suggest that ribosomal proteins are assembled into 50S subunits in a nonrandom manner.
Transformation of Human Lymphocytes: Inhibition by Homologous Alpha Globulin
Authors: Cooperband Sidney R. , Bondevik Helge , Schmid Karl , Mannick John A.
Published: October 2006

An alpha globulin fraction prepared from normal human plasma by column chromatography prevents homologous lymphocyte transformation and the stimulation of DNA, and also protein synthesis induced by phytohemagglutinin and specific antigens. These observations support the concept of a normal circulating immunosuppressant factor which prevents lymphoid cell proliferation.
Apparent Production of Two Types of Antibodies by a Single Cell
Authors: Michael J. Gabriel , Marcus Robert
Published: October 2006

Immunization of mice with bacterial, sheep red cells coated with antigen resulted in apparent production of antibody-forming plaques with specificities for both hemolysis and bactericidal activity. The secondary response for production of these bifunctional types of plaques could be induced by red blood cells or bacteria alone. A significant mutual suppression of immune response between the two immunizing agents was observed.
Production of Ethylene by Fungi
Authors: Ilag Lina , Curtis Roy W.
Published: October 2006

Ethylene was detected by gas chromatography, and verified by chemical means, as a metabolic product of 22 species of fungi. Because 58 of 228 species of fungi produced a gaseous compound with retention time identical to that of authentic ethylene, we believe that this compound is a common metabolic product of fungi.
Ribonucleic Acid Control of Steroid Synthesis in Human Adrenals and Testes
Authors: Villee Dorothy B. , Rettig Janet , Greenough Lindley
Published: October 2006

The pattern of steroid synthesis in human fetal testes and adrenals was altered by prior exposure, in organ culture of the explants, of one gland to the ribonucleic acid extracted from the other gland. The new pattern reflected the origin of the RNA.
Ethanol Increases Hepatic Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Rubin Emanuel , Hutterer Ferenc , Lieber Charles S.
Published: October 2006

Rats were fed ethanol for 2 weeks along with diets either adequate or deficient in protein and choline, the latter intake being similar to that of many alcoholics. Hepatic lipids, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes (aniline hydroxylase and nitroreductase) were increased with the adequate diet but more so with the deficient one. These results may explain the increased tolerance by alcoholics of drugs such as sedatives.
Radioiodine Fallout over the Midwest in May
Authors: Machta Lester
Published: October 2006

High concentrations of radioiodine in milk, found preferentially over the midwestern United States after atmospheric nuclear tests in May 1962, 1965, and 1966, can best be explained by high-reaching intense thunderstorms that scavenge passing radioactivity from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Carbon Monoxide and Air Pollution from Automobile Emissions in New York City
Authors: Johnson Kenneth L. , Dworetzky L. H. , Heller Austin N.
Published: October 2006

Local business-day traffic determines the diurnal carbon monoxide concentrations at individual sites in Manhattan. Concentrations during the day can be predicted from readings taken in early morning.
Satellite Ionosonde Records: Resonances Below the Cyclotron Frequency
Authors: Barrington R. E. , Hartz T. R.
Published: October 2006

Resonant responses observed by the topside ionosonde in the Canadian satellite Alouette II are examined. In addition to the well-known plasma resonances, several subsidiary resonances are identified below the electron cyclotron frequency. Their patterns of occurrence are not consistent with a suggested explanation of induced magnetic dipole radiation; rather they appear to result from harmonic stimulation of the plasma resonances and beat-frequency generation.
Pulmonary Venous Vasculature in Neonatal Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Lauweryns J. M.
Published: October 2006

The pulmonary veins and venules in lungs of newborn infants with hyaline membrane disease can be completely filled with a barium sulfate solution. The same injection technique and combined roentgenological, histological, and histometrical investigations also reveal a defect in filling of many small muscular arteries and of most pulmonary arterioles. Hence, the latter pulmonary vessels are assumed to be important in pulmonary ischemia, as demonstrated in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn infant.
Antibody Formation: Initiation in "Nonresponder" Mice by Macrophage Synthetic Polypeptide RNA
Authors: Pinchuck Paul , Fishman Marvin , Adler Frank L. , Maurer Paul H.
Published: October 2006

The RNA extracted from normal peritoneal macrophages exposed to a linear, random synthetic polypeptide, Glu
60
Ala
30
Tyr
10
, initiated an immune response in C57B1/6J mice, although this strain responds very poorly to the antigen itself. From 10 to 150 micrograms of RNA obtained from mouse, rat, or rabbit macrophages was injected intraperitoneally into recipient mice, and specific antibody was detectable by passive hemagglutination 3 to 4 weeks later. Treatment of the RNA with ribonuclease destroyed its ability to initiate a specific immune response. The RNA contained by weight 0.02 percent of the (specific) antigen. The RNA obtained from cells incubated with a second polypeptide, Glu
36
Lys
24
Ala
40
, initiated a response specific for this polymer. This RNA even when incubated in vitro with Glu
60
Ala
30
Tyr
10
failed to initiate antibody formation specific for Glu
60
Ala
30
Tyr
10
.
A Cytoplasmically Transmitted, Diet-Dependent Difference in Response to the Teratogenic Effects of 6-Aminonicotinamide
Authors: Verrusio A. C. , Pollard D. R. , Fraser F. C.
Published: October 2006

The frequency of congenital cleft palate produced by maternal treatment with 6-aminonicotinamide during pregnancy is lower in the C57BL/6J than in the A/J inbred mouse strain. In the C57BL/6J strain the frequency is lower when the mothers are maintained on Purina Lab Chow than when they are on Breeder Chow. A/J females do not show this effect of diet. There is a matroclinous reciprocal cross difference in frequency of induced cleft palate which persists in the back-cross when the F
1
mothers are maintained on Lab Chow, but not on Breeder Chow.
Sodium Ion Influences on Phosphorylations Associated with Oxidation of Succinate by Turnip Root Mitochondria
Authors: Shah Baqar H. , Wedding Randolph T.
Published: October 2006

Sodium ions (10
-3
mole/liter) cause a marked increase in the ratio of phosphate esterified to oxygen utilized when turnip root mitochondria oxidize succinate. Separate study of the two phosphorylation sites associated with succinate oxidation indicates that the observed effect is a summation of differential responses of these sites to sodium ions. The activity of the first site, that associated with the reduction of cytochrome
c
, is stimulated about threefold by 10
-3
molar NaCl, whereas phosphorylation at the second site, coupled with the oxidation of ferrocytochrome
c
, is slightly inhibited by the same concentration of NaCl
Gas Chromatography for Detection of Viral Infections
Authors: Mitruka B. M. , Alexander M. , Carmichael L. E.
Published: October 2006

Gas chromatograms of serum extracts of dogs inoculated with canine infectious hepatitis virus showed two metabolites not observed in uninoculated animals. Chromatograms of extracts of tissue cultures of dog kidney, inoculated with viruses causing canine hepatitis, herpes, and distemper, and a parainfluenza virus similar to simian virus-5, each showed two or more different metabolites. Two of the distinguishing products from cultures inoculated with hepatitis virus were chromatographically indistinguishable from those found in serums of the animals.
Concanavalin A in vivo: Induction of Hemorrhagic Skin Lesions (Arthus-Like Reactions) in Mice
Authors: Kind Leon S. , Petersen Warren A.
Published: October 2006

Concanavalin A injected into the skin of mice induced the formation of hemorrhagic Arthus-like lesions. No lesions resulted if concanavalin A was adsorbed with insoluble α
2
-macroglobulin or if mice were first treated with nitrogen mustard. The ability of concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or pokeweed mitogen to induce skin lesions seemed to parallel their ability to precipitate serum proteins.
Isoprenoid Fatty Acids Isolated from the Kerogen Matrix of the Green River Formation (Eocene)
Authors: Burlingame A. L. , Simoneit B. R.
Published: October 2006

Demineralized oil shale was oxidized with chromic acid, and C
14
to C
22
isoprenoid fatty acids were isolated and identified. The major components of the branched-chain acid fraction after successive 3-, 6-, and 15-hour oxidations are C
15
and C
16
branched-chain acids; C
17
, C
19
(norphytanic acid), and C
20
(phytanic acid) were obtained in lower concentration; no C
18
product was obtained. Separations were effected by column and gas-liquid chromatography, and the structures of individual components were determined by high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry.
Dihydroorotic Acid Dehydrogenase Activity of Human Diploid Cell Strains
Authors: Wuu Kuang-Dong , Krooth Robert S.
Published: October 2006

A gene affecting the final two enzymes of uridylic acid biosynthesis does not affect a third, metabolically adjacent enzyme. Similarly, compounds that increase cellular activity for the affected enzymes do not increase activity for the third enzyme. The pyrimidine pathway can be subdivided into groups of concurrently responding enzymes. These groups may be smaller in human cells than they are in microbial cells.
Neuronal Specification of Cutaneous Nerves through Connections with Skin Grafts in the Frog
Authors: Jacobson Marcus , Baker Robert E.
Published: October 2006

Skin grafts were rotated 180 degrees in frog tadpoles. After metamorphosis, cutaneous reflexes were tested, and the receptive fields of cutaneous nerves were mapped electrophysiologically. Accurately localized limb movements were elicited by mechanical stimulation of normal skin, or of dorsal skin reimplanted on the back after 180-degree rotation. Reflexes misdirected to the original site of the stimulated skin were elicited from dorsoventrally inverted grafts, but not from anteroposteriorly inverted grafts. In most cases, the local nerves supplied the grafts, and each nerve entered the skin within its own receptive field. This observation eliminated the possibility that misdirected reflexes were due to selective regrowth of cutaneous nerves. We concluded that cutaneous nerves formed central synaptic associations which were specified by their new terminal connections with grafted skin.
Yeast Partial Dominance: Effect of Environment and Background Genotype
Authors: Wills Christopher
Published: October 2006

Growth-rate mutations that were newly induced in haploid yeast by nitrosoguanidine were partially expressed in diploids heterozygous for these mutations only when the diploids were heterozygous elsewhere in the genome, and when both haploids and diploids were grown in a stress environment.
Wake Collapse in Stratified Fluid: Experimental Exploration of Scaling Characteristics
Authors: Schooley Allen H.
Published: October 2006

Passage of a submerged self-propelled body or other mixing device produces a region of more or less homogeneous fluid, in a fluid having a stable vertical density gradient (stratified), which initially expands vertically and then falls back (collapses). Maximum expansion
Z
2
at time
t
2
after the start of mixing are dependent variables related to the diameter
Z
1
of propeller or mixer and to the Väisälä-Brunt period
T
by
T
/
t
2
= 2.5 and
Z
2
t
2
/
Z
1
T
= 1.3. These scaling relations are first-order approximations.
"Tactile" Stimulus Intensity: Information Transmission by Relay Neurons in Different Trigeminal Nuclei
Authors: Darian-Smith Ian , Rowe Mark J. , Sessle Barry J.
Published: October 2006

Comparison of the information transmitted about the intensity of a steady "tactile" stimulus applied to facial skin by single trigemino-thalamic neurons in nucleus oralis and nucleus caudalis indicates that little information loss occurs at the medial lemniscal synaptic relay (nucleus oralis), but that it is gross within the nucleus caudalis.
Discrepancies between Radar Data and the Lunar Ephemeris
Authors: Smith Carl R. , Pettengill Gordon H. , Shapiro Irwin I. , Weinstein Franklin S.
Published: October 2006

Precise measurements of the Doppler shift of radar waves reflected from Moon disclose unexpectedly large discrepancies—averaging about 0.6 centimeter per second—between the radial velocities and the predictions based on the Eckert-Brown lunar ephemeris. These residuals have a rapidly changing component corresponding to a relatively large, variable, and unexplained discrepancy in radial acceleration of about 10
-4
centimeter per second, per second, in magnitude and about 1 day in period.
Oxygen-Isotope Ratios in Phosphate from Fossil Marine Organisms
Authors: Longinelli A. , Nuti S.
Published: October 2006

Well-preserved fossil marine organisms generally yield very positive δ
18
(PO
4
3-
) values which are considered to result from relatively good preservation of the original oxygen-isotope composition of phosphatic material deposited under isotopic equilibrium conditions in oceanic water whose O
18
:O
16
ratio was more positive than that of modern oceans.
Mutant of
Bacterium paracoli
5099 with an Altered DNA: Identification as a
Flavobacterium
Authors: Rosenkranz Herbert S. , Ellner Paul D.
Published: October 2006

A difference in the base composition of the DNA of
Bacterium paracoli
5099 and of a "mutant" (No. 1975) derived from it was found. This is in accordance with the finding of others. However, biochemical tests revealed that the "mutant" was a
Flavobacterium
, whereas the parent strain belonged to a species of
Escherichia
. The base composition of the DNA of the "mutant" is similar to that reported for the DNA of
Flavobacterium
.
Exencephalia: Its Occurrence in Untreated Mice
Authors: Flynn Robert J.
Published: October 2006

Exencephalia has been reported in irradiated CF1 mice but there are no reports of its occurrence in untreated mice of this strain. In the course of establishing disease-free breeding colonies from CF1 female mice delivered of their offspring by cesarean section, exencephalia was seen frequently. During a 2-week period, 90 litters were delivered; 11 contained exencephalic fetuses, at the rate of one per litter (11 of 90 litters, 12.2 percent; 11 of 1056 fetuses, 1.04 percent). The prevalence of this anomaly in untreated mice of this strain could contribute to overestimates of the effectiveness of low doses of radiation.
Strychnine and the Inhibition of Previous Performance
Authors: Franchina Joseph J. , Moore Mark H.
Published: October 2006

The injection of strychnine sulfate into rats inhibits a hurdle-crossing response. Hurdle-crossing tends to decrease with increasing strychnine doses. The data are interpreted as being consistent with consolidation theory.
Old Faithful: A Physical Model
Authors: Geis Fred
Published: October 2006

The recent confirmation of a prediction that relates the duration of eruption to time between eruptions suggests a physical model of the internal cavity of Old Faithful.
Ouabain and Streptomycin: Their Different Loci of Action on Saccular Hair Cells in Goldfish
Authors: Matsuura S. , Ikeda K. , Furukawa T.
Published: October 2006

Ouabain, when applied to the periotic spaces, that is, to the basal end of the saccular hair cells, suppressed microphonic potentials of the inner ear in goldfish. In contrast, streptomycin produced such an effect only when it was applied directly into the endolymph, that is, to the hair-bearing ends of the hair cells.
Antiserum to Lymphocytes: Interactions with Chemical Immunosuppressants
Authors: Simmons Richard L. , Ozerkis Arleene J. , Hoehn Robert J.
Published: October 2006

An injection of rabbit antiserum to mouse lymphocytes causes temporary lymphopenia and prolonged survival of A-strain skin grafts on CBA mice. Cortisone or amethopterin without further antilymphocytic serum prolongs lymphopenia and immunosupression. When cortisone or amethopterin precedes the administration of the antiserum, the immunosuppressant action of the combination is less than that of the antiserum given alone. Whether the serum or the drug is given first does not affect the induction of lymphopenia by the serum. Thus, immunosuppressant action of antilymphocytic serum can be distinguished from its ability to induce lymphopenia. The results suggest that this serum may act as a mitogenic agent redirecting the proliferation of lymphocytes into immunologically incompetent pathways.
Molluscan Cells: Dissociation and Reaggregation
Authors: Farris Vera King
Published: October 2006

Dissociation of the ovotestes of
Helix pomatia
requires the presence of carbohydrates as well as trypsin, but is independent of cation content. Dispersed cells obtained from the ovotestes reaggregate rapidly into histotypically organized tissue. The role of cellular adhesiveness is facilitated by centrifugation, but pseudopodial activity of the cells is suggested as another factor in reaggregation.
Peralkaline Silicic Volcanic Rocks in Northwestern Nevada
Authors: Noble Donald C. , Chipman David W. , Giles David L.
Published: October 2006

Late Tertiary silicic ashflow tuffs and lavas peralkaline in chemical character (atomic Na + K greater than Al), mainly comendites, occur over wide areas in northwestern Nevada and appear to be widespread in southeastern Oregon. Such peralkaline rocks—which are not uncommon in the western United States—and other chemically unusual silicic rocks are found near the margins rather than toward the center of the Great Basin.
Virus-Directed Protein Synthesis in Different Animal and Human Cells
Authors: Holland John J.
Published: October 2006

The relative proportions of viral gene products (viral proteins) that are synthesized in different types of animal cells infected with the same RNA virus inoculum were compared. The relative rates of synthesis of the various virus proteins late in infection were remarkably constant regardless of cell type infected. This was true in cell lines that produced only small amounts of virus and virus proteins, as well as in those that gave large yields of viruses and virus proteins.
Aluminum-26 and Beryllium-10 in Marine Sediment
Authors: Tanaka S. , Sakamoto K. , Takagi J. , Tsuchimoto M.
Published: October 2006

Activities of aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 in marine sediment were measured at 0.01 ± 0.13 and 4.4 ± 0.9 disintegrations per minute, per kilogram dry weight, respectively. Only an upper limit of 0.03 could be determined for the ratio of aluminum-26 to beryllium-10 in the sediment. The ratio is probably explained by production by cosmic rays in the atmosphere.
Hormonal Dependence of DNA Synthesis in Mammary Carcinoma Cells in vitro
Authors: Turkington Roger W. , Hilf Russell
Published: October 2006

Explants of C3H-mouse and rat R3230AC mammary carcinomas were cultured on chemically defined medium for study of the effects of the hormonal environment on synthesis of DNA. Synthesis in the more slowly proliferating C3H carcinoma cells is stimulated by insulin and inhibited by estrogenic hormones as in normal mammary epithelial cells. Rat R3230AC mammary carcinoma cells can initiate synthesis of DNA independently of insulin or estrogenic hormones. Autonomous growth with respect to these hormonal controls correlates with rapid proliferation, but it is not an essential characteristic of the neoplastic mammary cell.
Morphology and Origins of Sedimentary Structures on Submarine Slopes
Authors: Hulsemann Jobst
Published: October 2006

Submarine slopes in deep water, such as continental slopes, are often indented by valleys or channels and made uneven by ridges or levees. The origins of many of these features are unknown or disputed. Morphologically, however, there is often great similarity between forms on deep slopes and forms on shallow slopes or on land. Structurally the slopes in deep water are less well explored, but several observations reveal features, such as lamination and cross-bedding, that are known from shallow water also. Measurements of current indicate that periodically the movement of water near the bottom is fast enough to move particles of sediment from time to time. Morphology, fine structure, and currents suggest that internal waves and associated currents, as well as gravity, may control the shape of deep submarine slopes analogously to the shaping by surface waves of slopes in shallow water.
Infectious Mononucleosis: Complement-Fixing Antibodies to Herpes-Like Virus Associated with Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Gerber Paul , Hamre Dorothy , Moy Richard A. , Rosenblum Edith N.
Published: October 2006

Complement-fixing antibodies to a herpes-like virus derived from a Burkitt tumor-cell line developed in each of 21 patients with infectious mononucleosis. These antibodies were absent in all serums before the patients became ill, appeared during the early phases of illness, and persisted for long periods of time. These antibodies are distinct from heterophile antibodies. None of the patients developed immune responses to herpes simplex, cytomegalo-, or reoviruses in the course of their illness. The data suggest that the development of complement-fixing antibodies to this herpes-like virus in these patients may be linked to infectious mononucleosis.
Multiple Chromosome Triplication in
Liatris
Authors: Levin Donald A.
Published: October 2006

A plant with four and one with six extra A chromosomes were discovered in a hybrid swarm involving
Liatris aspera
and
Liatris spicata
. In each plant, the extra chromosomes formed trivalents with chromosomes of the normal complement. This pairing behavior indicates that of the ten chromosomes in the complement the plants are triplicate for four and six chromosomes, respectively.
Operant Control of Eye Movements during Human Vigilance
Authors: Schroeder Stephen R. , Holland James G.
Published: October 2006

Eye movements were used as a criterion of observing responses in a vigilance task. Time on watch and signal rates similarly affected both eye-movement rates and percentage of detections. Observing rate may account for detection data, and may be a more stable measure of vigilance than detection rate is, especially when very few signals occur.
Obsidian Sources Characterized by Neutron-Activation Analysis
Authors: Gordus Adon A. , Wright Gary A. , Griffin James B.
Published: October 2006

Concentrations of elements such as manganese, scandium, lanthanum, rubidium, samarium, barium, and zirconium in obsidian samples from different flows show ranges of 1000 percent or more, whereas the variation in element content in obsidian samples from a single flow appears to be less than 40 percent. Neutron-activation analysis of these elements, as well as of sodium and iron, provides a means of identifying the geologic source of an archeological artifact of obsidian.
Discrete Light Sources Observed by Satellite OSO-B
Authors: Sparrow J. G. , Ney E. P.
Published: October 2006

A comparison is made between the intensities, as measured by satellite OSO-B, of various discrete light sources on the earth (lightning, city lights, flare gas from oil wells).
Tritium Enrichment by Gas-Solid Chromatography: Technique for Low-Level Analysis
Authors: Hoy John E.
Published: October 2006

A palladium chromatograph was developed that can detect less than 10 atoms of tritium per 10
18
atoms of hydrogen. Columns operated at ambient temperature have 70-liter hydrogen capacity (50-milliliter water sample) and give 60 percent recovery in the first 500 cubic centimeters of gas evolved.
Cytodifferentiation during Insect Metamorphosis: The Galea of Silkmoths
Authors: Kafatos Fotis C. , Feder Ned
Published: October 2006

In the galea of silkmoths undergoing metamorphosis, generalized epidermal cells, which had previously secreted pupal cuticle, transform into highly specialized cells producing a new protein, the enzyme cocoonase. These cells first segregate by mitosis and displacement, then grow rapidly through endomitosis and accumulation of RNA-rich cytoplasm, and finally begin rapid synthesis of cocoonase. Replication of DNA continues in fully differentiated cells synthesizing cocoonase.
Looking into Teeth with Ultrasound
Authors: Lees Sidney , Barber Frank E.
Published: October 2006

Ultrasound is readily conducted across a boundary when the specific acoustic impedances of the two media are about equal. The specific acoustic impedance of dental enamel is about that of aluminum. A longitudinal sonic pulse, less than 250 nanoseconds in duration, conducted to the tooth through an aluminum rod, has positively detected the enamel-dentin junction as well as the dentin-pulp interface.
Bivalves: Spatial and Size-Frequency Distributions of Two Intertidal Species
Authors: Jackson Jeremy B. C.
Published: October 2006

Individuals of
Mulinia lateralis
are randomly distributed over a homogeneous area (0.25 square meter) of a mudflat. Second-year individuals of
Gemma gemma
also are randomly distributed, but its total population is aggregated because of its ovoviviparous habit. As expected for two species having different life histories, their size-frequency distributions are very different, the indication being that the nature of a size-frequency curve may not be a reliable index of the degree of transport or integrity of a fossil assemblage.
Selective Stimulation of One of the Mechanisms for Genetic Recombination of Bacteriophage S13
Authors: Tessman Irwin
Published: October 2006

In certain recombination-deficient (Rec
-
) bacterial strains genetic recombination of bacteriophage S13 is reduced, but the existence of some residual recombination has suggested that there is a secondary mechanism of phage recombination that is still functioning. In these Rec
-
strains it is found that there is no stimulation of recombination by irradiation of the parental phage with ultraviolet light, in contrast to the large increase found when irradiated phage particles infect a Rec
+
host. This selective stimulation of phage recombination in the Rec
+
but not in the Rec
-
strains supports the view that the phage uses at least two mechanisms of genetic recombination.
Molecular Diversity of the Ribulose-1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase from Photosynthetic Microorganisms
Authors: Anderson Louise E. , Price G. B. , Fuller R. C.
Published: October 2006

The ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylases from green and blue-green algae and the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium
Chromatium
are proteins with high molecular weights and with sedimentation coefficients of 18 to 21 Svedberg units. The carboxylases of the Athiorhodaceae are smaller, that of
Rhodospirillum rubrum
being a 6.2
S
molecule, and those of the two species of
Rhodopseudomonas
are 12
S
and 14.5
S
.
Thermally Stable Telemeter for Thermoregulation Studies
Authors: Spencer Hugh
Published: October 2006

Of the numerous designs published for temperature biotelemeters, not one is suitable for external mounting on animals which are subject to considerable fluctuations in their environmental temperature. A transmitter has been developed which is simple and insensitive to changes in environmental temperatures between 10° and 50° Celsius; it emits a pulsed, narrow bandwidth signal in the 0.5 to 2 megahertz band.
Mollusk Shell: Daily Growth Lines
Authors: Clark George R.
Published: October 2006

Ridges forming the concentric sculpture on the shells of laboratory-grown specimens of
Pecten diegensis
Dall show daily periodicity. Missing growth lines account for all scatter in the data, so that the maximum, not the average, line count is most representative. The variation in spacing between growth lines can be correlated among specimens.
Choline Acetyltransferase: Regional Distribution In the Abdominal Ganglion of
Aplysia
Authors: Giller Earl , Schwartz James H.
Published: October 2006

Using a new microassay, we have determined the properties and the regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the abdominal ganglion of
Aplysia
. Enzyme concentrations in homogenates of groups of cells and in single identified cells indicate that neurons which function as neurosecretory cells, and which do not form chemical synapses with other cells or with peripheral structures, have little or no ability to synthesize acetylcholine; neurons which are involved in visceromotor integrations, and which connect with each other or with the periphery, have a substantial concentration of the enzyme.
Centrifugation of Mammalian Cells on Gradients: A New Rotor
Authors: Pretlow Thomas G. , Boone Charles W.
Published: October 2006

A short-arm rotor increases separation of viable mammalian cells, from mixtures, by low-speed centrifugation; continuous Ficoll density gradients in tissue-culture media are used. We describe the theory and experimental demonstration of the superior separation achieved with this new rotor.
Earthquakes and the Earth's Wobble
Authors: Mansinha L. , Smylie D. E.
Published: October 2006

Observational evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that large earthquakes excite the earth's natural wobble and produce the observed secular polar shift. Previous theoretical calculations based on elasticity theory and earthquake statistics had predicted a significant effect. There appear to be some premonitory signs of large earthquakes in the pole path.
Murray Fracture Zone: Westward Extension
Authors: Naugler Frederic P. , Erickson Barrett H.
Published: October 2006

The Murray Fracture Zone is one of the principal east-west rifts in the crust of the northeast Pacific basin. As judged by bathymetric and magnetic surveys, the Murray approaches the Hawaiian Archipelago as a well-defined zone of ridges and troughs accompanied by strong, linear magnetic anomalies. It loses its topographic expression on encountering the Hawaiian Arch but can be traced magnetically to its intersection with the Hawaiian Ridge in the vicinity of Laysan Island (near 172°W). All evidence tends to discount a previously suggested genetic relation between the Murray Fracture Zone and the Necker Ridge.
Radiation Bleaching of Thin Lunar Surface Layer
Authors: Cohen Alvin J. , Hapke Bruce W.
Published: October 2006

The thin, lighter-colored, upper layer of lunar soil shown in the television pictures from several Surveyor missions may be due to reversible bleaching by solar radiation. Of several possible bleaching reactions, the one considered most important is the photoreduction of Fe
+3
to Fe
+2
.
Transport of 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid from Feline Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Cutler R. W. P. , Lorenzo A. V.
Published: October 2006

1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid was cleared from cerebrospinal fluid of the cat by a saturable mechanism. Clearance was inhibited by naturally occurring neutral amino acids. Carrier transport may explain the low ratio of amino acid in spinal fluid to that in plasma.
Chemical Analysis of the Moon at the Surveyor VII Landing Site: Preliminary Results
Authors: Turkevich Anthony L. , Franzgrote Ernest J. , Patterson James H.
Published: October 2006

The alpha-scattering experiment aboard Surveyor VII has provided a chemical analysis of the moon in the area of the crater Tycho. The preliminary results indicate a chemical composition similar to that already found at two mare sites, but with a lower concentration of elements of the iron group (titanium through copper).
Lunar Eclipse: Infrared Images and an Anomaly of Possible Internal Origin
Authors: Hunt Graham R. , Salisbury John W. , Vincent Robert K.
Published: October 2006

Infrared images of the lunar eclipse of 13 April 1968 were obtained and compared with infrared images of the 19 December 1964 eclipse. A similarity of apparent strength and distribution of most thermal anomalies on the maria is evident from inspection of these images, indicating that these features are not ephemeral. One new linear thermal anomaly was discovered, which is thermally enhanced during the lunar afternoon. Its close relation to a lunar crustal fracture line and other features of probable internal origin suggests that this anomaly may be of internal origin.
Galaxies as Gravitational Lenses
Authors: Barnothy J. , Barnothy M. F.
Published: October 2006

Of all the galaxies in the visible part of the universe, 500 million are seen through intervening galaxies. In some instances the foreground galaxy will act as a gravitational lens and produce distorted and (in brightness) greatly amplified images of the galaxy behind it; such images may simulate starlike superluminous objects such as quasars (quasi-stellar objects). The number of gravitational lenses is several times greater than the number of quasars yet observed. In other instances the superposition of the image upon a visible foreground galaxy may simulate morphological configurations resembling N-type, dumbbell, spiral, or barred-spiral galaxies.
Magnetic Anomalies over Iceland
Authors: Serson P. H. , Hannaford W. , Haines G. V.
Published: October 2006

An aeromagnetic survey of Iceland reveals broad anomalies of large amplitude over zones of recent volcanic activity. The source of the anomalies is ascribed to large masses of basalt that have been coherently remagnetized by intrusive heating. A simple correlation of the Icelandic anomalies with those of the ocean floor therefore appears unjustified.
Hydroxyindole-
O
-Methyl-Transferase Activity: Effect of Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Brownstein Michael J. , Heller Alfred
Published: October 2006

Stimulation of the preganglionic nerve trunk to the superior cervical ganglion causes a reduction in pineal hydroxyindole-
O
-methyl-transferase levels which is time-dependent. The results provide direct evidence for a role of afferent input in the control of pineal enzymatic activity.
Orientometer for Study of Insect Behavior
Authors: Kerfoot William B.
Published: October 2006

A multidirectional treadmill for the study of insect orientation is described. The movements of an insect throughout 360° can be recorded for periods up to 12 hours. The extent of deviation from randomness serves as a quantitative measure of reaction to a given stimulus.
Estrogen-Dependent Increase in Transfer RNA during Differentiation of the Chick Oviduct
Authors: O'Malley Bert W. , Aronow Abraham , Peacock Andrew C. , Dingman C. Wesley
Published: October 2006

Estrogenic hormones induce morphologic and biochemical differentiation in the oviduct of the immature chick. Concomitant with the hormone-stimulated tissue growth, there was an increase in 4
S
RNA, as judged by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and a corresponding increase in cellular transfer RNA activity, as measured by the amino acid acceptor capacity. This system may be suitable for studying the relation of hormones to transfer RNA in a differentiating tissue.