bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Role of Smart Wireless Medical Sensor Network in COVID-19
Authors: Ali Shokat , Singh Ravi Pratap , Javaid Mohd , Haleem Abid , Pasricha Honey , Suman Rajiv , Karloopia Jimmy
Published: October 2020

The new global predicament situation has raised questions on our healthcare systems and its endurance to deliver quality medical services. It is for those tormented with COVID-19 and other patients suffering from other chronic, acute, trauma, and other communicable diseases while shielding the doctors, nurses, and other associated medical employees when treating the patients. The immense adaptation to sensors networks demonstrates its usefulness as a tool for the present so-called social distancing in the clinical monitoring of COVID-19 patients or other settings. The utilization of Wireless Medical Sensor Network (WMSN) upsurges the prominence for those who work for long hours treating COVID-19 patients, exposing themselves while risking their lives. This paper attempts to explore few good practices identified from the current pandemic, with a precise and robust vision of deploying sensor networks to accomplish quality healthcare while reducing the potential threat of COVID-19 transmission to general masses while treating others.
Tert-butylhydroquinone augments Nrf2-dependent resilience against oxidative stress and improves survival of ventilator-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Veskemaa Lilly , Graw Jan A. , Pickerodt Philipp A. , Taher Mahdi , Boemke Willehad , González-López Adrián , Francis Roland C. E.
Published: October 2020

Oxidative stress caused by mechanical ventilation contributes to the pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). A key mechanism maintaining redox balance is the upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidant gene expression. We tested whether pretreatment with an Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) protects against VILI. Male C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of tBHQ ( n = 10), an equivalent volume of 3% ethanol (EtOH3%, vehicle, n = 13), or phosphate-buffered saline (controls, n = 10) and were then subjected to high tidal volume (HVT) ventilation for a maximum of 4 h. HVT ventilation severely impaired arterial oxygenation ([Formula: see text] = 49 ± 7 mmHg, means ± SD) and respiratory system compliance, resulting in a 100% mortality among controls. Compared with controls, tBHQ improved arterial oxygenation ([Formula: see text] = 90 ± 41 mmHg) and respiratory system compliance after HVT ventilation. In addition, tBHQ attenuated the HVT ventilation-induced development of lung edema and proinflammatory response, evidenced by lower concentrations of protein and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, respectively. Moreover, tBHQ enhanced the pulmonary redox capacity, indicated by enhanced Nrf2-depentent gene expression at baseline and by the highest total glutathione concentration after HVT ventilation among all groups. Overall, tBHQ pretreatment resulted in 60% survival ( P < 0.001 vs. controls). Interestingly, compared with controls, EtOH3% reduced the proinflammatory response to HVT ventilation in the lung, resulting in 38.5% survival ( P = 0.0054 vs. controls). In this murine model of VILI, tBHQ increases the pulmonary redox capacity by activating the Nrf2-ARE pathway and protects against VILI. These findings support the efficacy of pharmacological Nrf2-ARE pathway activation to increase resilience against oxidative stress during injurious mechanical ventilation.
Bimanual but not unimanual finger movements are triggered by a startling acoustic stimulus: evidence for increased reticulospinal drive for bimanual responses
Authors: Maslovat Dana , Teku Faven , Smith Victoria , Drummond Neil M. , Carlsen Anthony N.
Published: October 2020

The relative contributions of reticulospinal and corticospinal pathways to movement initiation are relatively unknown but appear to depend on the involved musculature. Here, we show that unimanual finger movements, which are predominantly initiated via corticospinal pathways, are not triggered at short latency by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS), while bimanual finger movements are triggered by the SAS. This distinction is attributed to increased reticulospinal drive for bilateral responses.
Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Driving Factors and Spatial Heterogeneity Research Based on Geographically Weighted Regression Model
Authors: Zhi Yin , Shan Liang , Ke Lina , Yang Ruxin
Published: October 2020

Acceleration of urbanization has brought about a series of problems, which include irreversible changes to urban surfaces and continuous increases in land surface temperatures (LSTs). In this context, analysis of the driving factors and spatial heterogeneity of urban LST is of considerable importance for mitigating urban heat island effects and promoting healthy and comfortable urban living environments. This study explored the relationship between the spatial characteristics and driving factors of the LST by using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to analyze multisource data from the Xigang District of Dalian City. The results showed that the urban heat island effect in Xigang District is significant, with LSTs generally above 28°C at the end of August, mostly concentrated in the range of 38–40°C. The highest LST values were detected in northern port and harbor areas; the lowest LST values occurred in mountainous forest areas. The global Moran’s I value was 0.994, which was indicative of a very high positive correlation, and local Moran’s I values formed H-H and L-L type clusters concentrated in the northern harbor area and southern mountainous area, respectively. Finally, the GWR model could reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the relationships between LST and its driving factors well. Among these, in terms of natural physical factors, digital elevation model, normalized difference vegetation index, and modified normalized difference water index data were found to be negatively correlated with LSTs in most cases; in the social dimension, the point-of-interest number and building-coverage ratio were generally positively correlated with LSTs.
Study on ETFEE in the BTH Region Based on the Window-SBM-Undesirable Model
Authors: Ren Feng , Yu Xin , Li Quan , Gu Fuqiang
Published: October 2020

Research on ecological total-factor energy efficiency (ETFEE) is conducive to energy conservation, emission reduction, and ecological protection. This paper focuses on the measurement and decomposition of the ETFEE in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China. In order to measure the ETFEE values, the window technology is combined with a nonradial and nonoriented SBM-undesirable model considering undesirable outputs to overcome the defect of insufficient data of research objects and ensure the calculation process to be implemented. The findings show that Beijing and Tianjin are DEA-efficient, while Hebei is not. The technological progress rates of Beijing and Tianjin reach up to 11.92% and 14.96%, while that of Hebei retrogresses by 4.47%. The scale efficiencies of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are 97.75%, 86.60%, and 93.81%, respectively, which means that there are potentials for further optimization in the energy structures. The impulse response results between the energy structure and the ETFEE show that the proportions of coal and petroleum have negative effects on the ETFEE, while that of natural gas has a positive effect. The research results can provide reference for decision makers to formulate regional development plans.
Decrease in Chitinase 3-Like Protein 1 Levels Reflects Improvement in Liver Fibrosis after HCV Eradication
Authors: Kang Qian , Chen Jianhong , Luo Hao , Tan Ning , Gao Hui , Zhang Xiaxia , Yu Min , Liu Dan , Xi Hongli , An Yaoyu , Han Yifan , Cheng Ran , Xu Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2020

Aim. The success of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus is a major breakthrough in hepatology. Previous studies have shown that chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) was a marker for staging of liver fibrosis caused by HCV. In this investigation, we used CHI3L1 as a surrogate marker to compare dynamic hepatic fibrosis variations following the elimination of HCV among cases receiving sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens and pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PR) treatments. Methods. The study enrolled 105 patients, including 46 SOF-based regimens treated patients, 34 PR-experienced patients, and 25 untreated patients. Serum samples and clinical data were obtained at the baseline, the end of treatment, and at weeks 24 and 48 after treatments. Results. First, we found that serum level of CHI3L1 correlated moderately but significantly with LSM (r=0.615, P<0.001) at the baseline, and diagnosed liver cirrhosis at baseline with high accuracy (AUC=0.939) by ROC analysis. So we explored CHI3L1 as a sensitive biomarker to monitor the regression of liver fibrosis after HCV eradication. We found that the serum CHI3L1 level of CHC cases receiving SOF-based regimen treatments was markedly reduced immediately after treatment compared with that at the baseline (123.79 (118.55) vs. 118.20 (103.68), P=0.001). For cases undergoing PR treatment, the serum CHI3L1 decreased significantly at week 24 posttreatment compared with that at the baseline (69.98 (51.44) vs 89.15 (110.59), P=0.016). For the untreated cirrhotic patients, CHI3L1 levels increased at week 96 follow-up compared with that at the baseline (194.73 (172.46) vs. 89.50 (242.97), P=0.048), reflecting continued worsening of liver fibrosis. Conclusion. CHI3L1 is suggested to be the sensitive marker to monitor fibrosis variations in weeks during treatments and after achieving SVR. It has the potential to allow the identification of early treatment failure for a timely switch to alternative treatment and to allow monitoring progression of fibrosis as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis.
Protecting Compressive Ghost Imaging with Hyperchaotic System and DNA Encoding
Authors: Sun Jingru , Peng Mu , Liu Fang , Tang Cong
Published: October 2020

As computational ghost imaging is widely used in the military, radar, and other fields, its security and efficiency became more and more important. In this paper, we propose a compressive ghost imaging encryption scheme based on the hyper-chaotic system, DNA encoding, and KSVD algorithm for the first time. First, a 4-dimensional hyper-chaotic system is used to generate four long pseudorandom sequences and diffuse the sequences with DNA operation to get the phase mask sequence, and then N phase mask matrixes are generated from the sequences. Second, in order to improve the reconstruction efficiency, KSVD algorithm is used to generate dictionary D to sparse the image. The transmission key of the proposed scheme includes the initial values of hyper-chaotic and dictionary D, which has plaintext correlation and big key space. Compared with the existing compressive ghost imaging encryption scheme, the proposed scheme is more sensitive to initial values and more complexity and has smaller transmission key, which makes the encryption scheme more secure, and the reconstruction efficiency is higher too. Simulation results and security analysis demonstrate the good performance of the proposed scheme.
Bilateral Retrobulbar Optic Neuritis as the First Manifestation of Neuro-Behçet Disease
Authors: Jari Mohsen , Mohammadi Taiiebeh , Taheri Ensiyeh
Published: October 2020

Background. Behçet disease (BD) is a polygenic and chronic autoinflammatory multisystem vasculitis. Acute optic neuritis has been rarely reported in patients with BD, especially in children. Case Presentation. We reported an 8-year-old girl with a sudden visual loss and color vision impairment. The patient had a history of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and chronic abdominal pain. On ophthalmic examination, anterior and posterior chambers and funduscopy of both eyes were normal. The results of laboratory tests for infectious and rheumatic diseases were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and the result of cerebrospinal fluid analysis for oligoclonal bands and auto-antibodies were also normal. Pathergy skin test and human leukocyte antigens (HLA) B5 and HLA-B51 were positive. The patient was recognized as a case of BD-related bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis and was treated by corticosteroids, azathioprine, colchicine, and infliximab. Conclusion. Retrobulbar optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of neuro-BD.
Modified Variational Iteration Algorithm-II: Convergence and Applications to Diffusion Models
Authors: Ahmad Hijaz , Khan Tufail A. , Stanimirović Predrag S. , Chu Yu-Ming , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: October 2020

Variational iteration method has been extensively employed to deal with linear and nonlinear differential equations of integer and fractional order. The key property of the technique is its ability and flexibility to investigate linear and nonlinear models conveniently and accurately. The current study presents an improved algorithm to the variational iteration algorithm-II (VIA-II) for the numerical treatment of diffusion as well as convection-diffusion equations. This newly introduced modification is termed as the modified variational iteration algorithm-II (MVIA-II). The convergence of the MVIA-II is studied in the case of solving nonlinear equations. The main advantage of the MVIA-II improvement is an auxiliary parameter which makes sure a fast convergence of the standard VIA-II iteration algorithm. In order to verify the stability, accuracy, and computational speed of the method, the obtained solutions are compared numerically and graphically with the exact ones as well as with the results obtained by the previously proposed compact finite difference method and second kind Chebyshev wavelets. The comparison revealed that the modified version yields accurate results, converges rapidly, and offers better robustness in comparison with other methods used in the literature. Moreover, the basic idea depicted in this study is relied upon the possibility of the MVIA-II being utilized to handle nonlinear differential equations that arise in different fields of physical and biological sciences. A strong motivation for such applications is the fact that any discretization, transformation, or any assumptions are not required for this proposed algorithm in finding appropriate numerical solutions.
The Hepatic Microenvironment Uniquely Protects Leukemia Cells through Induction of Growth and Survival Pathways Mediated by LIPG
Authors: Ye Haobin , Minhajuddin Mohammad , Krug Anna , Pei Shanshan , Chou Chih-Hsing , Culp-Hill Rachel , Ponder Jessica , De Bloois Erik , Schniedewind Björn , Amaya Maria L. , Inguva Anagha , Stevens Brett M. , Pollyea Daniel A. , Christians Uwe , Grimes H. Leighton , D'Alessandro Angelo , Jordan Craig T.
Published: October 2020

Due to the disseminated nature of leukemia, malignant cells are exposed to many different tissue microenvironments, including a variety of extramedullary sites. In the present study, we demonstrate that leukemic cells residing in the liver display unique biological properties and also contribute to systemic changes that influence physiologic responses to chemotherapy. Specifically, the liver microenvironment induces metabolic adaptations via upregulating expression of endothelial lipase in leukemia cells, which not only stimulates tumor cell proliferation through polyunsaturated fatty acid–mediated pathways, but also promotes survival by stabilizing antiapoptotic proteins. Additionally, hepatic infiltration and tissue damage caused by malignant cells induces release of liver-derived enzymes capable of degrading chemotherapy drugs, an event that further protects leukemia cells from conventional therapies. Together, these studies demonstrate a unique role for liver in modulating the pathogenesis of leukemic disease and suggest that the hepatic microenvironment may protect leukemia cells from chemotherapeutic challenge.

Significance:

The studies presented herein demonstrate that the liver provides a microenvironment in which leukemia cells acquire unique metabolic properties. The adaptations that occur in the liver confer increased resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, we propose that therapies designed to overcome liver-specific metabolic changes will yield improved outcomes for patients with leukemia.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
Plasma Somatostatin in Advanced Heart Failure: Association with Cardiac Filling Pressures and Outcome
Authors: Deis Tania , Balling Louise , Rossing Kasper , Boesgaard Søren , Kistorp Caroline Michaela , Wolsk Emil , Gøtze Jens Peter , Rehfeld Jens Federik , Gustafsson Finn
Published: October 2020

Background: Somatostatin inhibits intestinal motility and hormonal secretion and is a potent arterial vasoconstrictor of the splanchnic blood flow. It is unknown if somatostatin concentrations are associated with central hemodynamic measurements in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Methods: A prospective study of HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45% referred to right heart catheterization (RHC) for evaluation for heart transplantation (HTX) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Results: Fifty-three patients were included with mean LVEF 18 ± 8% and majority in NYHA-class III–IV (79%). Median plasma somatostatin concentration was 18 pmol/L. In univariable regression analysis, log(somatostatin) was associated with increased central venous pressure (CVP; r2 = 0.14, p = 0.003) and a reduced cardiac index (CI; r2 = 0.15, p = 0.004). When adjusted for selected clinical variables (age, gender, LVEF, eGFR and BMI), log(somatostatin) remained a significant predictor of CVP (p = 0.044). Increased somatostatin concentrations predicted mortality in multivariable models (hazard ratio: 5.2 [1.2–22.2], p = 0.026) but not the combined endpoint of death, LVAD implantation or HTX. Conclusions: Somatostatin concentrations were associated with CVP and CI in patients with HF. The pathophysiological mechanism may be related to congestion and/or hypoperfusion of the intestine. Somatostatin was an independent predictor of mortality in advanced HF.
Contemporary Review of Antithrombotic Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Bonaca Marc P.
Published: October 2020

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at heightened risk for ischemic events related to atherothrombosis. Antithrombotic therapies can reduce the risk of atherothrombotic events but increase bleeding. Importantly, there is growing appreciation of the heterogeneity in risk profile and effect of antithrombotic therapies in different populations, including those with PAD. Further, patients with PAD are at risk for not only major adverse cardiovascular events but also major adverse limb events, and the drivers of risk for each are different. Within PAD populations, data from trials may be difficult to interpret due to differences among the studies with regards to patient population, clinical settings, and outcomes examined. The acute setting of peripheral revascularization which involves plaque rupture and endothelial disruption confers very high risk of major adverse limb events early postprocedure. Among patients with chronic PAD for whom the goal of antithrombotic therapy is secondary prevention, concomitant coronary artery disease, particularly with prior myocardial infarction, is associated with greatest risk for major adverse cardiovascular events, while prior peripheral revascularization or amputation is associated with greatest risk for major adverse limb events. Understanding of the potential impact of clinical setting and patient risk profile is important to guide evidence-based decisions regarding antithrombotic therapy in patients with PAD. In this article, we provide a contemporary review of data supporting the use of antithrombotic therapy in PAD, as well as a clinical framework for analysis and translation of these data into practice, highlighting areas in need of further investigation.
Baseline and Dynamic Risk Predictors of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy
Authors: Wu Katherine C. , Wongvibulsin Shannon , Tao Susumu , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Stillabower Michael , Dickfeld Timm M. , Marine Joseph E. , Weiss Robert G. , Tomaselli Gordon F. , Zeger Scott L.
Published: October 2020

Background

Current approaches fail to separate patients at high versus low risk for ventricular arrhythmias owing to overreliance on a snapshot left ventricular ejection fraction measure. We used statistical machine learning to identify important cardiac imaging and time‐varying risk predictors.

Methods and Results

Three hundred eighty‐two cardiomyopathy patients (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance before primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion. The primary end point was appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge or sudden death. Patient characteristics; serum biomarkers of inflammation, neurohormonal status, and injury; and cardiac magnetic resonance‐measured left ventricle and left atrial indices and myocardial scar burden were assessed at baseline. Time‐varying covariates comprised interval heart failure hospitalizations and left ventricular ejection fractions. A random forest statistical method for survival, longitudinal, and multivariable outcomes incorporating baseline and time‐varying variables was compared with (1) Seattle Heart Failure model scores and (2) random forest survival and Cox regression models incorporating baseline characteristics with and without imaging variables. Age averaged 57±13 years with 28% women, 66% white, 51% ischemic, and follow‐up time of 5.9±2.3 years. The primary end point (n=75) occurred at 3.3±2.4 years. Random forest statistical method for survival, longitudinal, and multivariable outcomes with baseline and time‐varying predictors had the highest area under the receiver operating curve, median 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75‐0.96). Top predictors comprised heart failure hospitalization, left ventricle scar, left ventricle and left atrial volumes, left atrial function, and interleukin‐6 level; heart failure accounted for 67% of the variation explained by the prediction, imaging 27%, and interleukin‐6 2%. Serial left ventricular ejection fraction was not a significant predictor.

Conclusions

Hospitalization for heart failure and baseline cardiac metrics substantially improve ventricular arrhythmic risk prediction.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on the Incidence and Management of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Patients Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction in England
Authors: Rashid (Hons) Muhammad , Gale (Hons) Chris P. , Curzen (Hons) Nick , Ludman (Hons) Peter , De Belder (Hons) Mark , Timmis (Hons) Adam , Mohamed (Hons) Mohamed O. , Lüscher (Hons) Thomas F. , Hains (Hons) Julian , Wu Jianhua , Shoaib Ahmad , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Roebuck Chris , Denwood Tom , Deanfield John , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Studies have reported significant reduction in acute myocardial infarction–related hospitalizations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. However, whether these trends are associated with increased incidence of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in this population is unknown.

Methods and Results

Acute myocardial infarction hospitalizations with OHCA during the COVID‐19 period (February 1–May 14, 2020) from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project and British Cardiovascular Intervention Society data sets were analyzed. Temporal trends were assessed using Poisson models with equivalent pre–COVID‐19 period (February 1–May 14, 2019) as reference. Acute myocardial infarction hospitalizations during COVID‐19 period were reduced by >50% (n=20 310 versus n=9325). OHCA was more prevalent during the COVID‐19 period compared with the pre–COVID‐19 period (5.6% versus 3.6%), with a 56% increase in the incidence of OHCA (incidence rate ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39–1.74). Patients experiencing OHCA during COVID‐19 period were likely to be older, likely to be women, likely to be of Asian ethnicity, and more likely to present with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. The overall rates of invasive coronary angiography (58.4% versus 71.6%;
P
<0.001) were significantly lower among the OHCA group during COVID‐19 period with increased time to reperfusion (mean, 2.1 versus 1.1 hours;
P
=0.05) in those with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. The adjusted in‐hospital mortality probability increased from 27.7% in February 2020 to 35.8% in May 2020 in the COVID‐19 group (
P
<.001).

Conclusions

In this national cohort of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction, we observed a significant increase in incidence of OHCA during COVID‐19 period paralleled with reduced access to guideline‐recommended care and increased in‐hospital mortality.
Who’s writing open access (OA) articles? Characteristics of OA authors at Ph.D.-granting institutions in the United States
Authors: Olejniczak Anthony J. , Wilson Molly J.
Published: October 2020

The open access (OA) publication movement aims to present research literature to the public at no cost and with no restrictions. While the democratization of access to scholarly literature is a primary focus of the movement, it remains unclear whether OA has uniformly democratized the corpus of freely available research, or whether authors who choose to publish in OA venues represent a particular subset of scholars—those with access to resources enabling them to afford article processing charges (APCs). We investigated the number of OA articles with article processing charges (APC OA) authored by 182,320 scholars with known demographic and institutional characteristics at American research universities across 11 broad fields of study. The results show, in general, that the likelihood for a scholar to author an APC OA article increases with male gender, employment at a prestigious institution (AAU member universities), association with a STEM discipline, greater federal research funding, and more advanced career stage (i.e., higher professorial rank). Participation in APC OA publishing appears to be skewed toward scholars with greater access to resources and job security.
Revision of the whitefly genus, Asterochiton Maskell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from New Zealand, a study of intraspecific variation
Authors: MARTIN NICHOLAS A.
Published: October 2020

All the specimens of Asterochiton species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on slides in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Auckland, were examined. The study reveals that the genus is currently restricted to New Zealand and is redescribed here. Obvious generic characters are the sub-elliptical to sub-circular puparium with distinct invaginations at the thoracic and caudal pores. Seven species are described: Asterochiton asteliae sp. n. from Astelia trinervia (Asteliaceae), and A. arboreae sp. n., A. areolatae sp. n., A. foetidissimae sp. n., A. propinqua sp. n., A. rhamnoidis sp. n., and A. rotundifoliae sp. n. from small-leaved Coprosma spp. (Rubiaceae). There are now 12 named species of Asterochiton, but the Brazilian species, Asterochiton auricolor (Bondar, 1923), does not belong in the genus. Details of minute setae, previously overlooked in described species, are provided. The setae length was found to vary at specific positions. Two species infesting three species of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) were observed having long and short setae on the abdomen, sometimes varying within a population from a single tree/host. Asterochiton pittospori Dumbleton is therefore synonymized with A. simplex. Additionally, the location of some setae varied on the subdorsal/submarginal area within a puparium. Chaetotaxy for Asterochiton species is proposed. A key to the puparia of Asterochiton species is provided.
The hazards of Nomenclatural Archaeology? The Diptera names of Theodorus van Swinderen in his 1822 Index Rerum Naturalium quae conservantur in Museo Academico Groningano
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L.
Published: October 2020

The Diptera names listed by Theodorus van Swinderen in his list of animals and minerals in the Groningen Natural History Museum are itemized and annotated. Most of the names listed, including those newly proposed, are synonymous with previously published names. One (Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822) is a senior synonym of the well-known Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824. It has been dealt with in a previous paper, and Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822 is now declared a nomen oblitum. The following new synonymies are proposed herein: Acolasta Swinderen, 1822 = Sepedon Latreille, 1804, n. syn. [Sciomyzidae]; Cleona Swinderen, 1822 = Callomyia Meigen, 1804, n. syn. [Platypezidae]; Cleona acuminata Swinderen, 1822 = Callomyia elegans Meigen, 1804, n. syn. [Platypezidae]; Driope Swinderen, 1822 = Dorycera Meigen, 1830, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]; Macrostoma Swinderen, 1822 = Volucella Geoffroy, 1762, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Marsupium Swinderen, 1822 = Sphegina Meigen, 1822, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Nycteria Swinderen, 1822 = Pipiza Fallén, 1810, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Pacystoma Swinderen, 1822 = Medetera Fischer von Waldheim, 1819, n. syn. [Dolichopodidae]; Penthesilia Swinderen, 1822 = Merodon Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Syrphidae]; Tromera Swinderen, 1822 = Madiza Fallén, 1810, n. syn. [Milichiidae]. Titania Swinderen, 1822 (preoccupied by Titania Meigen, 1800) and its type species Titania albipennis Swinderen, 1822 are available names, but are considered here as nomina dubia and unplaced within Diptera. Thericas Swinderen, 1822 is considered unavailable as it is not accompanied by a description or a definition and is based on an unavailable name. Dorycera Meigen, 1830 is declared a nomen protectum and Driope Swinderen, 1822 is declared a nomen oblitum; Medetera muralis Meigen, 1824 is declared a nomen protectum and Pacystoma muralis Swinderen, 1822 a nomen oblitum.
Endosymbiotic Ciliated Protozoan Biota of Dromedary Camels and Domestic Cattle in Tunisia
Authors: GÜRELLİ GÖZDE , DAW ALI FOUZE OTHMAN ELHADI
Published: October 2020

Species concentration and composition of endosymbiotic ciliates were investigated in the forestomach contents of 12 dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) and the ruminal contents of 16 domestic cattle (Bos taurus taurus) living in Ben Gardane, Tunisia. Sixteen species and 8 morphotypes, belonging to 8 genera, were identified from dromedary camels, and 18 species and 13 morphotypes, belonging to 8 genera, were identified from domestic cattle. This is the first report on the endosymbiotic ciliated protozoan biota of dromedary camels and cattle living in Tunisia. The mean density (± SD) of ciliates in the forestomach samples of dromedary camels and the ruminal samples of domestic cattle was 65.4 ± 69.4 × 104 cells mL–1 and 54.2 ± 55.8 × 104 cells mL–1, respectively. Diplodinium cameli and Blepharoconus krugerensis were detected for the first and second time, respectively, from the ruminal contents of cattle. Caloscolex camelinus and B. krugerensis were studied in detail with a scanning electron microscope.
Two new species of the Southeast Asian Dwarf tarantula genus Phlogiellus Pocock, 1887 (Theraphosidae, Selenocosmiinae) and a discussion on the taxonomic problem of the genus
Authors: SIVAYYAPRAM VARAT , KUNSETE CHAWAKORN , SONGSANGCHOTE CHAOWALIT , THANOOSING CHAWATAT , TRAIYASUT PRAPUN , WARRIT NATAPOT
Published: October 2020

Phlogiellus is one of the least studied theraphosid genera; there is only one recent revision on the genus. However, the “revision” only provided several taxonomic problems in the genus by giving unclear diagnostic characters of the genus and its species, using third party information in their descriptions and many of their examined specimens of are inaccessible. Here, we discuss the taxonomic problems of the genus, and provide a new genus description and diagnostic characters of Phlogiellus by combining information from previous studies with our examinations. Variation within species of previously diagnostic characters renders them of little value. In addition, two new Phlogiellus species from Myanmar and the Philippines are described and diagnosed here.
WSR-88D Tornado Intensity Estimates. Part II: Real-Time Applications to Tornado Warning Time Scales
Authors: Smith Bryan T. , Thompson Richard L. , Speheger Douglas A. , Dean Andrew R. , Karstens Christopher D. , Anderson-Frey Alexandra K.
Published: October 2020

A sample of damage-surveyed tornadoes in the contiguous United States (2009–17), containing specific wind speed estimates from damage indicators (DIs) within the Damage Assessment Toolkit dataset, were linked to radar-observed circulations using the nearest WSR-88D data in Part I of this work. The maximum wind speed associated with the highest-rated DI for each radar scan, corresponding 0.5° tilt angle rotational velocity Vrot, significant tornado parameter (STP), and National Weather Service (NWS) convective impact-based warning (IBW) type, are analyzed herein for the sample of cases in Part I and an independent case sample from parts of 2019–20. As Vrot and STP both increase, peak DI-estimated wind speeds and IBW warning type also tend to increase. Different combinations of Vrot, STP, and population density—related to ranges of peak DI wind speed—exhibited a strong ability to discriminate across the tornado damage intensity spectrum. Furthermore, longer duration of high Vrot (i.e., ≥70 kt) in significant tornado environments (i.e., STP ≥ 6) corresponds to increasing chances that DIs will reveal the occurrence of an intense tornado (i.e., EF3+). These findings were corroborated via the independent sample from parts of 2019–20, and can be applied in a real-time operational setting to assist in determining a potential range of wind speeds. This work provides evidence-based support for creating an objective and consistent, real-time framework for assessing and differentiating tornadoes across the tornado intensity spectrum.
Pandemic intellectuals
Authors: Frandsen Søren Lund , Laage-Thomsen Jakob
Published: October 2020

In this commentary we provide a selective overview of the kinds of insights that a sociology of expertise can provide in better articulating the stakes of current politico-epistemic conflicts catalysed by COVID-19. In doing so, we argue that one of the ways that sociology can fruitfully engage with the pre-, intra- and post-pandemic societal responses is through its distinctive perspective on expertise. To exemplify the potential of this perspective, we present three dimensions of the pandemic that a sociology of expertise opens up avenues for exploring: (a) the formation of expert publics; (b) transnational expert dynamics; and (c) expert moral authority. Together these three dimensions show how expertise constitutes a crucial nexus for understanding how contemporary societies respond to global crises.
Parents’ Experiences and Information Needs While Caring for a Child With Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thompson Alison P. , Wine Eytan , MacDonald Shannon E. , Campbell Alyson , Scott Shannon D.
Published: October 2020

Pediatric functional constipation (FC) reportedly affects at least 1 in 10 children worldwide. Parent and family education is a key component for successful treatment, yet there is little research exploring what information families need and how to best support them. The aim of this review is to synthesize current evidence on the experiences and information needs of parents caring for a child with FC. We systematically searched published research and completed screening against a priori inclusion criteria. Thirteen studies (n = 10 quantitative, n = 3 qualitative) were included. We found 2 main themes, precarious footing and profound and pervasive effects. Heavy caregiving burdens fueled doubts, misinformation, relationship breakdown, and treatment deviation. In light of clinical recommendations, our findings reveal a potential mismatch between parents’ needs and care provision for FC. It is likely that both parents and health care providers would benefit from resources and interventions to improve care related to pediatric FC.
Adapting Syndromic Surveillance Baselines After Public Health Interventions
Authors: Morbey Roger Antony , Elliot Alex James , Smith Gillian Elizabeth , Charlett Andre
Published: October 2020

Background

Public health surveillance requires historical baselines to identify unusual activity. However, these baselines require adjustment after public health interventions. We describe an example of such an adjustment after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in England in July 2013.

Methods

We retrospectively measured the magnitude of differences between baselines and observed counts (residuals) before and after the introduction of a public health intervention, the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in July 2013. We considered gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting to be indicators for national syndromic surveillance, including telephone calls to a telehealth system, emergency department visits, and unscheduled consultations with general practitioners. The start of the preintervention period varied depending on the availability of surveillance data: June 2005 for telehealth, November 2009 for emergency departments, and July 2010 for general practitioner data. The postintervention period was July 2013 to the second quarter of 2016. We then determined whether baselines incorporating a step-change reduction or a change in seasonality resulted in more accurate models of activity.

Results

Residuals in the unadjusted baseline models increased by 42%-198% from preintervention to postintervention. Increases in residuals for vomiting indicators were 19%-44% higher than for diarrhea. Both step-change and seasonality adjustments improved the surveillance models; we found the greatest reduction in residuals in seasonally adjusted models (4%-75%).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated the importance of adjusting surveillance baselines after public health interventions, particularly accounting for changes in seasonality. Adjusted baselines produced more representative expected values than did unadjusted baselines, resulting in fewer false alarms and a greater likelihood of detecting public health threats.
Tourism and Trust: Theoretical Reflections
Authors: Williams Allan M. , Baláž Vladimír
Published: October 2020

Tourism researchers have increasingly, but selectively and uncritically, engaged with the notion of trust. This study therefore aims to provide a stronger theoretical foundation for understanding tourism-related trust, starting from consideration of uncertainty and the nature of tacit knowledge. The relationship between displacement and uncertainty is at the core of the distinctiveness of trust in tourism, highlighting the importance of institutions, but also recognizing the diversity of tourism contexts. Three disciplinary perspectives on trust are considered: economics, psychology, and sociology. After outlining their general characteristics in relation to McKnight and Chervany’s typology of trust, we review their application in tourism, and conclude by identifying a future research agenda to address the distinctive characteristics of trust in tourism.
Primary First Bite Syndrome of the Parotid Gland: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Xia , Yang Xinjie , Wang Weiqi , Zhang Pu , Hou Rui , Yang Yaowu , Lei Delin , Wei Jianhua
Published: October 2020

Objective:

A case of primary first bite syndrome (FBS), diagnosed in a patient with nonspecific adenocarcinoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland.

Data Sources:

A Medline literature search was conducted on PubMed, using the keywords “first bite syndrome.”

Review Methods:

Using primary FBS and existence of a definite etiology as inclusion criteria.

Results:

We report on an unusual case of primary FBS, which had no surgical history. After multiple examinations, the pain was localized to a mass in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. After tumorectomy, the FBS pain was significantly relieved. The postoperative pathological examination determined that the excised mass was a nonspecific adenocarcinoma. Reviewing the literature, we found that primary FBS was mostly caused by malignant tumors in the inferior temporal fossa, the deep lobe of the parotid gland, and (or) the parapharyngeal space. Surgery was reported to be an effective treatment.

Conclusion:

The case highlights the critical importance of identifying the etiology of primary FBS. When manifested with a primary FBS, malignant tumors must be high on the differential diagnosis list, especially those in the region of the inferior temporal fossa, the deep lobe of the parotid gland, and the parapharyngeal space.
Application of the Expanded Neck Flap for Face and Ear Reconstruction in Burn Patients: A Report on 2 Cases
Authors: Guo Peipei , Pan Bo , He Leren , Jiang Haiyue , Yang Qinghua , Lin Lin
Published: October 2020

Reconstruction of auricular deformities and facial scars after burns is a challenging undertaking for surgeons. Excessive scar tissue, a poor blood supply and the paucity of available skin are all substantial difficulties that should be considered before the operation. Expanded neck flaps provide comparatively larger and thinner flaps for the simultaneous treatment of auricular deformities and facial scars in burn patients. In this article, the authors introduced the use of an expanded neck flap as coverage tissue for ear reconstruction and face resurfacing in 2 burn patients. The operation consisted of 3 stages. In the first stage, the expander was implanted subcutaneously under the skin of the neck to create adequate skin and soft tissue. In the second stage, the expander was removed, and the expanded flap was transferred to cover defects on the auricle and face. The third operation to repair the reconstructed ear and thick flap could be performed according the willingness of the patients and surgeons. Esthetically satisfactory results were achieved in both of the patients. The flaps survived completely, and the skin color, texture, and flexibility were well matched to those of the peripheral tissue. Six months postoperatively, the flaps did not shrink, and subsequent contractures did not recur. Both of the patients experienced high satisfaction, and no adverse effects were detected.
Analysis of direct citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling in scientific topic identification
Authors: Kleminski Rajmund , Kazienko Przemysiaw , Kajdanowicz Tomasz
Published: October 2020

In our study, we examine the impact of citation network structures on the ability to discern valuable research topics in Computer Science literature. We use the bibliographic information available in the DBLP database to extract candidate phrases from scientific paper abstracts. Following that, we construct citation networks based on direct citation, co-citation and bibliographic coupling relationships between the papers. The candidate research topics, in the form of keyphrases and n-grammes, are subsequently ranked and filtered by a graph-text ranking algorithm. This selection of the highest ranked potential topics is further evaluated by domain experts and through the Wikipedia knowledge base. The results obtained from these citation networks are complementary, returning valid but non-overlapping output phrases between some pairs of networks. In particular, bibliographic coupling appears to capture more unique information than either direct citation or co-citation. These findings point towards the possible added value in combining bibliographic coupling analysis with other structures. At the same time, combining direct citation and co-citation is put into question. We expect our findings to be utilised in method design for research topic identification.
Malinchism as a social pathology
Authors: Pereira Gustavo
Published: October 2020

Malinchism is a social phenomenon, distinctive of Latin America, which generates an internalisation of valuation patterns characterised by denying and underestimating local cultural expressions and considering foreign cultures as models of emulation. I defend malinchism can be understood as a social pathology, concept that I define as the imposition of a type of practical rationality on a social space alien to it. I also propose that malinchism is such a complex social phenomenon that it can be explained as a pathology of recognition as well, and it involves personal alienation in the ones affected. The introduction of cognitive dissonance is presented as one of the main resources to counteract the effects of malinchism.
Molar and molecular entanglements: Parenting, care and making home in the context of energy capitalism
Authors: Gordon Ross , Harada Theresa , Waitt Gordon
Published: October 2020

This paper seeks to understand the mutually affecting intensities in family households that occur through the use of energy for parenting, care and making home in the societal context of energy capitalism. Our work draws on sensual energy ethnographies with 13 families in regional New South Wales, Australia. We extend Deleuze and Guattarri’s related concepts of molar and molecular lines and lines of flight into energy geographies to draw attention to the socio-material, subjective and affective dimensions of being and becoming a parent, providing care and making home. In doing so, we open up questions around how families use energy and how this relates to the politics of care. We consider the possibilities for lines of flight to bring about social change to escape energy capitalism and help care for humans, more-than-humans and the planet.
Preoperative risk factors for delirium in patients aged ≥75 years undergoing spinal surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Onuma Hiroaki , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Hirai Takashi , Yuasa Masato , Kawabata Shigenori , Okawa Atsushi
Published: October 2020

Objective

The increasing number of spinal surgeries being performed in the elderly has increased the incidence of postoperative delirium. The prediction of delirium is complex, and few studies have been performed to examine the preoperative risk factors for delirium after spinal surgery in the elderly. This study was performed to clarify such risk factors in patients aged ≥75 years undergoing spinal surgery.

Method

This retrospective observational study included 299 patients aged ≥75 years. Comorbidities, medication history, preoperative examination findings, surgery-related characteristics, and health scale assessments, including the 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36) score and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), were examined as potential risk factors for delirium.

Results

Delirium occurred in 53 patients (17.7%). The preoperative risk factors for delirium were a history of stroke and mental disorders, hypnotic drug use, malnutrition, hyponatremia, anemia, respiratory dysfunction, and cervical surgery. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent predictors of delirium were a history of stroke, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug use, preoperative hyponatremia, the PNI, and the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) score.

Conclusions

Independent preoperative predictors of delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery included a history of stroke, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug use, preoperative hyponatremia, the PNI, and the SF-36 PCS score.