bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 7α-Methoxy-7-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamino-3′-arylthio-cephalosporic Acid Derivatives from 7-Aminocephalosporic Acid
Authors: Cun Wendy Y. , Keller Paul A. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this project was to develop a synthetic protocol for the preparation of a cephamycin scaffold that would readily allow the synthesis of its analogues with variations at the C-7 amino group and the C-3′ position. We also aimed to develop a method that avoided the use of toxic and potentially explosive diphenyldiazomethane. These aims were achieved via the synthesis of the novel α-bromo acetamide 18 which allowed functionalization at the α-bromo acetamide position by azide and then the introduction of a 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl moiety via a Cu(I)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction with phenylacetylene. Palladium-catalyzed arylthioallylation reactions then allowed the introduction of 3′-arylthiol substituents. We also report for the first time the synthesis of the 4-methoxybenzyl ester of (6R,7S)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-7-methoxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid and the use of diphenyl trichloroacetimidate, instead of diphenyldiazomethane, and 4-methoxybenzyl trichloroacetimidate to prepare related 4-methoxybenzyl esters. The chemistry described, and several of the synthetic intermediates reported here, are potentially valuable methods and scaffolds, respectively, for further development of β-lactam antibiotics.
Atractylone in the Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizoma Essential Oil and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Li Ling , He Yihao , Wang Nan , Li Yuting , Du Yaoyao , He Ning , Wang Bing , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to conduct a screening of potential therapeutic compounds found in the Atractylodes macrocephala rhizoma essential oil (AO) and explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). An inflammation cell model was employed in conjunction with phospho-antibody array technology to explore potential therapeutic compounds of AO and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, we assessed their efficacy and mechanisms of action in treating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Via the screening process, we identified atractylone (ATR) as the primary active compound in AO. It has been demonstrated that ATR can both decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the expression of adhesion proteins such as claudin, ZO-1, and occludin in vitro. Moreover, ATR has been shown to improve UC symptoms in vivo. Via a non-targeted metabolomics analysis of colon tissue, we identified 57 distinct metabolites that responded to ATR treatment. Subsequent analysis of the metabolic pathways revealed that the action of ATR was primarily focused on the amino acid metabolism pathway. In summary, ATR may alleviate the symptoms of UC by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Additionally, ATR has a comprehensive function in anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, and intestinal injury reduction.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Low Molecular Mass Organoselenium Molecules
Authors: Anghinoni João M. , Birmann Paloma T. , da Rocha Marcia J. , Gomes Caroline S. , Davies Michael J. , Brüning César A. , Savegnago Lucielli , Lenardão Eder J.
Published: October 2023

Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms, and is present in selenoenzymes with antioxidant activity, like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The search for small selenium-containing molecules that mimic selenoenzymes is a strong field of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, we review the synthesis and bioassays of new and known organoselenium compounds with antioxidant activity, covering the last five years. A detailed description of the synthetic procedures and the performed in vitro and in vivo bioassays is presented, highlighting the most active compounds in each series.
Agro-Industrial Protein Waste and Co-Products Valorization for the Development of Bioplastics: Thermoprocessing and Characterization of Feather Keratin/Gliadin Blends
Authors: López-de-Dicastillo Carol , Gómez-Estaca Joaquín , López-Carballo Gracia , Gavara Rafael , Hernández-Muñoz Pilar
Published: October 2023

Biopolymers based on plant and animal proteins are interesting alternatives in the development of films with future prospects as food packaging. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the valorization of agro-industrial residues and by-products and that the blending of polymers can lead to materials with improved properties, in this work, keratin-rich feather fibers and gliadins were blended at different ratios in order to develop sustainable and biodegradable films. Control gliadin G100, feather F100 films, and their blends at 3:1 (G75F25), 2:2 (G50F50), and 1:3 (G25F75) ratios were successfully developed through thermoprocessing. The physical properties were differentiated as a function of the concentration of both polymeric matrices. Although gliadins showed higher hydrophilicity as confirmed by their highest swelling degree, films with high gliadin ratios exhibited lower water vapor permeability values at low and medium relative humidities. On the other hand, the feather fiber-based films displayed the highest Young’s modulus values and provided an oxygen barrier to the blends, principally at the highest relative humidity. In conclusion, the blend of these protein-based polymers at different ratio resulted in interesting composites whose physical properties could be adjusted.
Novel Schiff Base Derived from Amino Pyrene: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure Determination, and Anticancer Applications of the Ligand and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Aazam Elham S. , Majrashi Maryam A.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we report the cytotoxicity of a newly synthesized Schiff base HL ((E)-2-ethoxy-6((pyren-1-ylimino)methyl)phenol) and its derived metal complexes (Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(III), and Fe(III)) along with their structural characterizations by means of elemental analysis, magnetic moment, molar conductance, IR, UV-Vis, ESR, and mass spectrometry. The single X-ray diffraction of the HL shows that it exists in the phenol-imine form in its solid state. The NMR and IR data indicate that the bidentate binding of the Schiff base ligand with the metal center occurs during complexation through the azomethine nitrogen atom and the hydroxyl group oxygen atom of the 3-ethoxy salicylaldehyde. The electronic spectra and magnetic measurements indicate that the Co(II) complex has a tetrahedral geometry and that the Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes have a distorted octahedral geometry. The ESR and electronic spectra suggest that the Cu(II) complex has a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The cytotoxic effects of the HL and all of the metal complexes were studied using human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes exhibited the highest activity against the tested cell line, with IC50 values of 5.66 and 12.74 μg/mL, respectively, and their activity was higher than that of the fluorouracil cancer drug against the MCF-7 cells (18.05 μg/mL).
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Extract and Isolated Compounds
Authors: Yang Jinfeng , Kim Joo Seok , Kwon Yong Soo , Seong Eun Soo , Kim Myong Jo
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of Eclipta prostrata extracts. Two flavonoids, 3′-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of E. prostrata. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the E. prostrata extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated. The E. prostrata EtOAc extract exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activities in both assays and higher phenol and flavonoid contents than the other extracts. The potential antiproliferative properties of the E. prostrata extracts and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro against the AGS, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines and the normal human HEK-293 cell line using the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess AGS cell apoptosis. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the EtOAc extract of E. prostrata reduced AGS cell viability and proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the alteration of gene expression in the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight E. prostrata as a promising source of anticancer compounds.
Au Doping PtNi Nanodendrites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Shan , Ma Lifeng , Song Dan , Yang Shengchun
Published: October 2023

To boost the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) of Platinum (Pt), making binary PtM (M = transition metals, for example, Fe, Cu, and Ni) with specific morphology is known as a promising method. Although great progress has been made in the synthesis of shaped PtM catalysts toward MOR, enhancing the catalytic performance of the PtM to enable it to be commercialized is still a hotspot. In this work, the Au-doped PtNi dendritic nanoparticles (Au-PtNi DNPs) were obtained by doping a small amount of gold (Au) into initially prepared PtNi DNPs, greatly improving their MOR catalytic activity and durability. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping (EDXS) indicates that the surface of DNPs is mainly composed of Au dopant and PtNi, while the core is mainly Pt, indicating the formation of Au-doped PtNi/Pt core-shell-like DNP structures. The electrocatalytic performance of the prepared Au-PtNi DNPs with different compositions for the MOR was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and CO-stripping tests. The experimental findings indicate that the Au-PtNi DNPs showed better MOR performance in comparison with PtNi DNPs and commercial Pt catalysts. Among all the catalysts, 6% Au-PtNi DNPs showed 4.3 times improved mass catalytic activity for the MOR in comparison with commercial Pt catalysts. In addition, all the prepared Au-PtNi DNPs display a remarkable CO tolerance compared to that of PtNi DNPs and commercial Pt catalysts. The dendritic structure of Au-PtNi DNPs can effectively enhance catalytic performance, combined with the electronic effect of Au, Pt, and Ni.
First-Principles Dynamics Investigation of Germanium as an Anode Material in Multivalent-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Chaewon , Hwang Useul , Lee Sangjin , Han Young-Kyu
Published: October 2023

Germanium, a promising electrode material for high-capacity lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anodes, attracted much attention because of its large capacity and remarkably fast charge/discharge kinetics. Multivalent-ion batteries are of interest as potential alternatives to LIBs because they have a higher energy density and are less prone to safety hazards. In this study, we probed the potential of amorphous Ge anodes for use in multivalent-ion batteries. Although alloying Al and Zn in Ge anodes is thermodynamically unstable, Mg and Ca alloys with Ge form stable compounds, Mg2.3Ge and Ca2.4Ge that exhibit higher capacities than those obtained by alloying Li, Na, or K with Ge, corresponding to 1697 and 1771 mA·h·g–1, respectively. Despite having a slightly lower capacity than Ca–Ge, Mg–Ge shows an approximately 150% smaller volume expansion ratio (231% vs. 389%) and three orders of magnitude higher ion diffusivity (3.0 × 10−8 vs. 1.1 × 10−11 cm2 s−1) than Ca–Ge. Furthermore, ion diffusion in Mg–Ge occurs at a rate comparable to that of monovalent ions, such as Li+, Na+, and K+. The outstanding performance of the Mg–Ge system may originate from the coordination number of the Ge host atoms and the smaller atomic size of Mg. Therefore, Ge anodes could be applied in multivalent-ion batteries using Mg2+ as the carrier ion because its properties can compete with or surpass monovalent ions. Here, we report that the maximum capacity, volume expansion ratio, and ion diffusivities of the alloying electrode materials can be understood using atomic-scale structural properties, such as the host–host and host–ion coordination numbers, as valuable indicators.
Synthesis Strategies, Optical Mechanisms, and Applications of Dual-Emissive Carbon Dots
Authors: Liu Yuqian , Liang Fangyuan , Sun Jianglei , Sun Ran , Liu Chao , Deng Chao , Seidi Farzad
Published: October 2023

Tuning the optical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and figuring out the mechanisms underneath the emissive phenomena have been one of the most cutting-edge topics in the development of carbon-based nanomaterials. Dual-emissive CDs possess the intrinsic dual-emission character upon single-wavelength excitation, which significantly benefits their multi-purpose applications. Explosive exploitations of dual-emissive CDs have been reported during the past five years. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic summary of the rising star nanomaterial. In this review, we summarize the synthesis strategies and optical mechanisms of the dual-emissive CDs. The applications in the areas of biosensing, bioimaging, as well as photoelectronic devices are also outlined. The last section presents the main challenges and perspectives in further promoting the development of dual-emissive CDs. By covering the most vital publications, we anticipate that the review is of referential significance for researchers in the synthesis, characterization, and application of dual-emissive CDs.
Detection of Dimethyl Methyl Phosphonate by Silica Molecularly Imprinted Materials
Authors: Wang Xuming , Li Xin , Wu Qiang , Yuan Yubin , Liu Weihua , Han Chuanyu , Wang Xiaoli
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the increasing severity of chemical warfare agent threats to public safety has led to a growing demand for gas sensors capable of detecting these compounds. However, gas sensors used for the detection of chemical warfare agents must overcome limitations in sensitivity, selectivity, and reaction speed. This paper presents a sensitive material and a surface acoustic gas sensor for detecting dimethyl methyl phosphonate. The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits good selectivity and could detect 80 ppb of dimethyl methyl phosphonate within 1 min. As an integral component of the sensor, the microstructure and adsorption mechanism of silica molecular imprinting material were studied in detail. The results show that the template molecule could significantly affect the pore volume, specific surface area, and hydroxyl density of mesoporous materials. These properties further affect the performance of the sensor. This study provides a valuable case study for the design of sensitive materials.
Emerging Characteristics and Properties of Moiré Materials
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Song Jizhe , Sun Mengtao , Cao Shuo
Published: October 2023

In recent years, scientists have conducted extensive research on Moiré materials and have discovered some compelling properties. The Moiré superlattice allows superconductivity through flat-band and strong correlation effects. The presence of flat bands causes the Moiré material to exhibit topological properties as well. Modulating electronic interactions with magnetic fields in Moiré materials enables the fractional quantum Hall effect. In addition, Moiré materials have ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties. By tuning the interlayer coupling and spin interactions of the Moiré superlattice, different magnetic properties can be achieved. Finally, this review also discusses the applications of Moiré materials in the fields of photocurrent, superconductivity, and thermoelectricity. Overall, Moiré superlattices provide a new dimension in the development of two-dimensional materials.
Effect of Basic Amino Acids on Folic Acid Solubility
Authors: Pérez-Carreón Karen , Martínez Luz María , Videa Marcelo , Cruz-Angeles Jorge , Gómez Jimena , Ramírez Emilio
Published: October 2023

To prevent neural tube defects and other cardiovascular diseases in newborns, folic acid (FA) is recommended in pregnant women. A daily dose of 600 µg FA consumption is widely prescribed for women during pregnancy and 400 µg for women with childbearing potential. FA is a class IV compound according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) due to its low permeability (1.7 × 10−6 cm/s) and low solubility (1.6 mg/L); therefore, it must be administered via a formulation that enhances its solubility. Studies reported in the literature have proved that co-amorphization and salt formation of a poorly soluble drug with amino acids (AA) can significantly increase its solubility. Although arginine has been used with FA as a supplement, there is no information on the effect of basic AA (arginine and lysine) on the physical and chemical properties of FA-AA binary formulations. The present study implemented a conductimetric titration methodology to find the effective molar ratio to maximize FA solubility. The results showed that a 1:2.5 FA:AA molar ratio maximized solubility for arginine and lysine. Binary formulations were prepared using different methods, which led to an amorphous system confirmed by the presence of a glass transition, broad FTIR bands, and the absence of an X-ray diffraction pattern. Results of FA:AA (1:2.5) solubility increased in the range of 5500–6000 times compared with pure FA. In addition to solubility enhancement, the binary systems presented morphological properties that depend on the preparation method and whose consideration could be strategic for scaling purposes.
Sugars and Polyols of Natural Origin as Carriers for Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement
Authors: Poka Madan Sai , Milne Marnus , Wessels Anita , Aucamp Marique
Published: October 2023

Crystalline carriers such as dextrose, sucrose, galactose, mannitol, sorbitol, and isomalt have been reported to increase the solubility, and dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs when employed as carriers in solid dispersions (SDs). However, synthetic polymers dominate the preparation of drugs: excipient SDs have been created in recent years, but these polymer-based SDs exhibit the major drawback of recrystallisation upon storage. Also, the use of high-molecular-weight polymers with increased chain lengths brings forth problems such as increased viscosity and unnecessary bulkiness in the resulting dosage form. An ideal SD carrier should be hydrophilic, non-hygroscopic, have high hydrogen-bonding propensity, have a high glass transition temperature (Tg), and be safe to use. This review discusses sugars and polyols as suitable carriers for SDs, as they possess several ideal characteristics. Recently, the use of low-molecular-weight excipients has gained much interest in developing SDs. However, there are limited options available for safe, low molecular excipients, which opens the door again for sugars and polyols. The major points of this review focus on the successes and failures of employing sugars and polyols in the preparation of SDs in the past, recent advances, and potential future applications for the solubility enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Spectral Self-Compression of Chirp-Free Pulses in Anomalously Dispersive Optical Fibers
Authors: Sukiasyan Minas , Avetisyan Vardan , Kutuzyan Aghavni
Published: October 2023

In this work, we demonstrated, both experimentally and numerically, the existence of a chirp-free pulse propagation regime within a standard single-mode fiber. We found numerically that the pulse spectrum can undergo self-compression by more than a hundredfold, resulting in the creation of a spectrally limited pulse. In this regime, we experimentally achieved a 5× spectral self-compression, reducing the spectral width from 75 nm to 15 nm within the 1.3–1.5 μm spectral range. This was achieved with a standard telecommunication fiber with constant dispersion.
Free Space Optical Communication: An Enabling Backhaul Technology for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks
Authors: Elamassie Mohammed , Uysal Murat
Published: October 2023

The deployment of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) is envisioned to achieve global coverage for 6G and beyond. In addition to space nodes, aerial NTN nodes such as high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) and rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could be deployed, based on the intended coverage and operational altitude requirements. NTN nodes have the potential to support both wireless access and backhauling. While the onboard base station provides wireless access for the end users, the backhauling link connects the airborne/space-borne base station to the core network. With its high data transmission capability comparable to fiber optics and its ability to operate in the interference-free optical spectrum, free space optical (FSO) communication is ideally suited to backhauling requirements in NTNs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive tutorial on airborne FSO backhauling. We first delve into the fundamentals of FSO signal transmission and discuss aspects such as geometrical loss, atmospheric attenuation, turbulence-induced fading, and pointing errors, all of which are critical for determining received signal levels and related link budget calculations. Then, we discuss the requirements of airborne backhaul system architectures, based on use cases. While single-layer backhaul systems are sufficient for providing coverage in rural areas, multi-layer designs are typically required to establish connectivity in urban areas, where line of sight (LoS) links are harder to maintain. We review physical layer design principles for FSO-based airborne links, discussing both intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) and coherent modulation/coherent demodulation (CM/CD). Another critical design criteria for airborne backhauling is self-sustainability, which is further discussed in our paper. We conclude the paper by discussing current challenges and future research directions. In this context, we discuss reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and spatial division multiplexing (SDM), for improved performance and an extended transmission range. We emphasize the importance of advanced handover techniques and scalability issues for practical implementation. We also highlight the growing role of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) and their potential applications in the design and optimization of future FSO-based NTNs.
Spectral Analysis of Strontium-Doped Calcium Phosphate/Chitosan Composite Films
Authors: Zarif Maria Elena , Bita Bogdan , Yehia-Alexe Sasa Alexandra , Negut Irina , Groza Andreea
Published: October 2023

Strontium-doped calcium phosphate/chitosan films were synthetized on silicon substrates using the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique and the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation technique. The deposition conditions associated with the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering discharge, in particular, include the high temperature at the substrate, which promotes the formation of strontium-doped tetra calcium phosphate layers. The physical and chemical processes associated with the deposition of chitosan on strontium-doped calcium phosphate layers were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mass spectrometry coupled with laser induced ablation of the composite films proved to be a useful tool in the detection of the molecular ions characteristic to chitosan chemical structure.
Vancomycin-Loaded 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid–Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Pérez-Davila Sara , Potel-Alvarellos Carmen , Carballo Raquel , González-Rodríguez Laura , López-Álvarez Miriam , Serra Julia , Díaz-Rodríguez Patricia , Landín Mariana , González Pío
Published: October 2023

The regeneration of bone remains one of the main challenges in the biomedical field, with the need to provide more personalized and multifunctional solutions. The other persistent challenge is related to the local prevention of infections after implantation surgery. To fulfill the first one and provide customized scaffolds with complex geometries, 3D printing is being investigated, with polylactic acid (PLA) as the biomaterial mostly used, given its thermoplastic properties. The 3D printing of PLA in combination with hydroxyapatite (HA) is also under research, to mimic the native mechanical and biological properties, providing more functional scaffolds. Finally, to fulfill the second one, antibacterial drugs locally incorporated into biodegradable scaffolds are also under investigation. This work aims to develop vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds offering a dual functionality: local prevention of infections and personalized biodegradable scaffolds with osseointegrative properties. For this, the antibacterial drug vancomycin was incorporated into 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds using three loading methodologies: (1) dip coating, (2) drop coating, and (3) direct incorporation in the 3D printing with PLA and HA. A systematic characterization was performed, including release kinetics, Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial/antibiofilm activities and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the vancomycin-loaded 3D-printed PLA–HA scaffolds as drug-releasing vehicles with significant antibacterial effects for the three methodologies. In relation to the drug release kinetics, the (1) dip- and (2) drop-coating methodologies achieved burst release (first 60 min) of around 80–90% of the loaded vancomycin, followed by a slower release of the remaining drug for up to 48 h, while the (3) 3D printing presented an extended release beyond 7 days as the polymer degraded. The cytocompatibility of the vancomycin-loaded scaffolds was also confirmed.
Multifunctional Silver Nanowire Fabric Reinforced by Hot Pressing for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Electric Heating, and Sensing
Authors: Zeng Fangmeng , Zheng Yiqian , Wei Yuxin , Li Han , Wang Qicai , Shi Jian , Wang Yong , Hong Xinghua
Published: October 2023

Durability and multifunctionality are crucial considerations in the realm of electronic textiles. Herein, a hot-pressing process has been developed to enhance the fixation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and electric heating properties of the hot-pressed fabric were measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hot-pressing process. The conductivity of the hot-pressed fabric (180 °C for 90 s) was found to be 464.2 S/m, while that of the fabric without hot pressing was 94.9 S/m. The washed hot-pressed fabric was able to provide a maximum electromagnetic shielding of 17 dB, a negative strain sensing performance (the ΔR/R0 of the hot-pressed fabric was maintained at −15%), and an outstanding electric heating property (the temperature reached 110 °C at a current of 0.08 A). This AgNW fabric holds great potential for use in multi-functional wearable devices, and the hot-pressing process improved its stability and durability, making it suitable for industrial production.
Mechanisms of Shock Dissipation in Semicrystalline Polyethylene
Authors: Mikhail John P. , Rutledge Gregory C.
Published: October 2023

Semicrystalline polymers are lightweight, multiphase materials that exhibit attractive shock dissipation characteristics and have potential applications as protective armor for people and equipment. For shocks of 10 GPa or less, we analyzed various mechanisms for the storage and dissipation of shock wave energy in a realistic, united atom (UA) model of semicrystalline polyethylene. Systems characterized by different levels of crystallinity were simulated using equilibrium molecular dynamics with a Hugoniostat to ensure that the resulting states conform to the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions. To determine the role of structural rearrangements, order parameters and configuration time series were collected during the course of the shock simulations. We conclude that the major mechanisms responsible for the storage and dissipation of shock energy in semicrystalline polyethylene are those associated with plastic deformation and melting of the crystalline domain. For this UA model, plastic deformation occurs primarily through fine crystallographic slip and the formation of kink bands, whose long period decreases with increasing shock pressure.
Introduction of Nanoscale Si3N4 to Improve the Dielectric Thermal Stability of a Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) Composite Film
Authors: Guan Jing , Cheng Laifei , Fang Ye
Published: October 2023

In order to improve the dielectric thermal stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based film, nano silicon nitride (Si3N4) was introduced, and hence the energy storage performance was improved. The introduction of nano Si3N4 fillers will induce a phase transition of P(VDF-HFP) from polar β to nonpolar α, which leads to the improved energy storage property. As such, the discharging energy density of Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) composite films increased with the amount of doped Si3N4. After incorporating 10wt% Si3N4 in Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) films, the discharging density increased to 1.2 J/cm3 under a relatively low electric field of 100 MV/m. Compared with a pure P(VDF-HFP) film, both the discharging energy density and thermal dielectric relaxor temperature of Si3N4/P(VDF-HFP) increased. The working temperature increased from 80 °C to 120 °C, which is significant for ensuring its adaptability in high-temperature energy storage areas. Thus, this result indicates that Si3N4 is a key filler that can improve the thermal stability of PVDF-based energy storage polymer films and may provide a reference for high-temperature capacitor materials.
Prewetting Electron Beam Irradiated and Native Sheep Wool Can Affect Their Sorptivity
Authors: Koóšová Karin , Braniša Jana , Dubec Andrej , Porubská Mária
Published: October 2023

In this work, the effect of prewetting native and electron beam-modified wool on the resulting sorption of Cu(II) from wool solutions was studied. The following conditions and combinations were applied: 6 mM and 50 mM solutions, prewetting time 0–24 h, contact time 1–24 h. The sorption results showed that wetting the wool before sorption from the low concentrated solution can fundamentally improve the efficiency of the separation process. The opposite result was achieved when applying a more concentrated solution; that is, prewetting slightly reduced the sorptivity. The reasons for such results are discussed. The application of these findings can be used to optimize the separation process in technological practice, however, will require solute specification.
Thermal Stability Improvement of Core Material via High Internal Phase Emulsion Gels
Authors: Hu Jinhua , Liang Yongxue , Huang Xueyao , Chen Guangxue , Liu Dingrong , Chen Zhuangzhuang , Fang Zheng , Chen Xuelong
Published: October 2023

Biocompatible particle-stabilized emulsions have gained significant attention in the biomedical industry. In this study, we employed dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (HPM) to prepare a biocompatible particle emulsion, which effectively enhances the thermal stability of core materials without the addition of any chemical additives. The results demonstrate that the HPM-treated particle-stabilized emulsion forms an interface membrane with high expansion and viscoelastic properties, thus preventing core material agglomeration at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the particle concentration used for constructing the emulsion gel network significantly impacts the overall strength and stability of the material while possessing the ability to inhibit oxidation of the thermosensitive core material. This investigation explores the influence of particle concentration on the stability of particle-stabilized emulsion gels, thereby providing valuable insights for the design, improvement, and practical applications of innovative clean label emulsions, particularly in the embedding and delivery of thermosensitive core materials.
Effect of the Chemical Properties of Silane Coupling Agents on Interfacial Bonding Strength with Thermoplastics in the Resizing of Recycled Carbon Fibers
Authors: Lee Hyunkyung , Kim Minsu , Kim Gyungha , Kim Daeup
Published: October 2023

Upcycling recycled carbon fibers recovered from waste carbon composites can reduce the price of carbon fibers while improving disposal-related environmental problems. This study assessed and characterized recycled carbon fibers subjected to sizing treatment using N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) chemically coordinated with polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) resins. Sizing treatment with 1 wt.% APS for 10 s yielded O=C-O on the surface of the carbon fiber, and the -SiOH in the APS underwent a dehydration–condensation reaction that converted O=C-O (lactone groups) into bonds of C-O (hydroxyl groups) and C=O (carbonyl groups). The effects of C-O and C=O on the interfacial bonding force increased to a maximum, resulting in an oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) of 0.26. The polar/surface energy ratio showed the highest value of 32.29% at 10 s, and the interfacial bonding force showed the maximum value of 32 MPa at 10 s, which is about 15% better than that of commercial carbon fiber (PA6-based condition). In 10 s resizing treatments with 0.5 wt.% 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), C-O, C=O, and O=C-O underwent a dehydration–condensation reaction with -SiOH, which broke the bonds between carbon and oxygen and introduced a methacrylate group (H2C=C(CH3)CO2H), resulting in a significant increase in C-O and C=O, with an O/C of 0.51. The polar/surface free energy ratio was about 38% at 10 s, with the interfacial bonding force increasing to 27% compared to commercial carbon fiber (PP-based conditions). MPS exhibited a superior interfacial shear strength improvement, two times higher than that of APS, with excellent coordination with PP resin and commercial carbon fiber, although the interfacial bonding strength of the PP resin was significantly lower.
A Jewish Qur’an: An Eighteenth-Century Hebrew Qur’an Translation in Its Indian Context
Authors: Van der Haven Alexander
Published: October 2023

This essay places the Washington Library of Congress Heb. Ms 183, a Hebrew Qur’an translation from eighteenth-century Cochin, in its South Indian context. After pointing out important general differences between early modern European and South Asian inter-religious cultures and attitudes to translation, this essay analyzes three salient differences between Ms 183 and its Dutch source. Then, the essay scrutinizes three relevant and interrelated contexts: the eighteenth-century Indian diplomatic culture of owning and exchanging scriptural translations; the social position of Muslims and Jews as ‘guests’ and diplomatic brokers; and the rise of Muslim military power in Malabar. On this basis, I argue that this Hebrew Qur’an translation was intended to be cultural–diplomatic capital for Jewish diplomats dealing with Muslim rulers, indicating that not only rulers translated the scriptures of their subjects but also subjects those of their rulers. In addition, by showing how the Mysorean rulers implemented Islamic reforms and how Jewish practices were attuned to majoritarian religious practices, the essay suggests that Ms 183 was also meant to serve Jewish religious purposes, making this manuscript possibly a rare instance of using non-Jewish religious scriptures for Jewish religious practice.
An Inclusive Workplace Approach to Disability through Assistive Technologies: A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Marinaci Tiziana , Russo Claudio , Savarese Giulia , Stornaiuolo Giovanna , Faiella Filomena , Carpinelli Luna , Navarra Marco , Marsico Giuseppina , Mollo Monica
Published: October 2023

To explain the low employment rates of people with disabilities (PwDs), emerging debates have revealed an unexploited potential impact of assistive technology (AT) on human talent and the inclusion process. This article provides a systematic review to critically evaluate the current trends in the literature on AT. A systematic review was performed according to the inclusion criteria of the PRISMA-S guidelines, followed by a thematic analysis identifying the main themes by which the literature on the subject is organized. Finally, the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model was used to deepen the contents taken into consideration in the scientific literature and to discuss the concept of workplace inclusion and its use. Forty-one studies fully met the eligibility criteria of the systematic review. The thematic analysis produced four clusters related to the impact and characteristics of AT in the workplace. Overall, the use of the HAAT model highlighted a lack of studies on the affective and socio-cultural dimensions that characterize the use of AT in the workplace. It is concluded that the deployment of AT can and should work on multiple levels to shape the workplace experiences of PwDs.
Psychometric Properties of the Slovenian Version of the Brief Sense of Community Scale
Authors: Sočan Gregor , Kobal Grum Darja
Published: October 2023

A sense of community plays an important role in promoting sustainable behaviors and values. Therefore, when measuring sense of community, it is important to ensure that such measurement instruments have excellent psychometric properties. In this study, we start from the model that sense of community is related to a person’s perception of his or her relationship with a community, particularly in terms of need fulfillment, sense of connectedness and emotional connection, and perceived impact on the community. The Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) is an 8-item self-report scale designed specifically for the assessment of individuals’ relation with their neighborhood. The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure and reliability of a new Slovenian version. A sample of 502 adults from Slovenia completed the scale. The data did not support the original hierarchical four-factor model. On the other hand, a one-factor model with autoregressive effects on the unique factors fitted well. The reliability of the sum score was excellent, while only two out of the four subscales had acceptable reliability. The results support the use of the Slovenian version of the BSCS as a unidimensional scale and allow the use of this measure in research on sense of community and possibly as a rigorous measure in further studies of sustainable development in different cultures.
Hotspots and Factors Influencing Vertebrate Roadkill on the Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Road, China
Authors: Yang Yangang , Wang Yun , Tao Shuangcheng , Shi Guoqiang , Wang Zhuocong , Kong Yaping
Published: October 2023

The spatial aggregation patterns of wildlife-vehicle collisions are used to inform where mitigation measures are most needed. Based on 10 years of observations of vertebrate roadkill on the Ring Changbai Mountain Scenic Road, the spatial distribution characteristics of roadkill incidence were analyzed in this study. Using the field survey method to investigate roadkill incidents and their influencing factors, we applied generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) for model selection and constructed roadkill models for different taxa groups. The spatial distribution patterns of roadkill hotspots vary among different taxa and exhibit a unimodal or multimodal distribution. The road section along a river and with a minimal distance between the road and the water has a high incidence of roadkill. The density of roadkill for various taxa decreases as the distances from rivers, bridges, and ponds increases. However, there appears to be no correlation between the density of bird roadkill and any factors. Finally, wildlife crossing facilities and guidance measures aimed at reducing the incidence of roadkill and enhancing the selection of routes and wildlife crossing structures in the area are formulated.
Study on Co-Pyrolysis of Coal and Biomass and Process Simulation Optimization
Authors: Wang Biao , Liu Na , Wang Shanshan , Li Xiaoxian , Li Rui , Wu Yulong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the optimal process conditions for coal–biomass co-pyrolysis were obtained through pyrolysis experiments. The results show that under the condition of the pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, the pyrolysis oil yield and positive synergistic effect reach the maximum, and the ratio of coal to biomass raw materials is 1:3. The effects of three loading methods (coal loading on biomass, biomass loading on coal, and coal–biomass mixing) on the distribution of simulated products of coal–biomass co-pyrolysis were constructed using Aspen Plus V11 software. The experimental results of pyrolysis carbon, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and water under three different ratios are close to the simulation results, and the maximum error is 8%. This indicates that the model is dependent. This paper analyzes the economic situation in terms of investment in factory construction, raw material collection, product production, and product sales. The results show that when the processing scale is 9 tons h−1, the pyrolysis plant can be profitable in the first year. This study provides basic data and the basis for the commercialization investment of coal–biomass co-pyrolysis technology.
Co-Creation in Contextual Competences for Sustainability: Teaching for Sustainability, Student Interaction and Extracurricular Engagement
Authors: Qi Shuyu , Zhou Mi , Ma Qiutong , Pan Jing
Published: October 2023

Due to the need to achieve the sustainable development of society, the importance of sustainable development competences has reached unprecedented heights. This paper constructed an SEM model and considered the factors of contextual competence for sustainability from teaching, student interaction and extracurricular engagement, by conducting a questionnaire survey among 786 Chinese engineering undergraduates. The results indicated a significant and direct positive influence of teaching on contextual competences for sustainability. In addition, there is an indirect effect on contextual competence for sustainable development through student interaction and extracurricular engagement. An examination of the interlocking mediating effects of student inter-action and extracurricular engagement revealed that student interaction contributes to the development of students’ contextual competence for sustainable development through its positive influence on extracurricular engagement. This paper provides a reference for the cultivation of contextual competences for sustainability from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Exploring the Role of Socio-Cultural Factors on the Development of Human Capital in Multi-Ethnic Regions
Authors: Vlasov Maksim , Polbitsyn Sergey N. , Olumekor Michael , Haddad Hossam
Published: October 2023

Human capital is among the most important factors for sustainable economic growth. However, there remains some debate on the factors promoting or inhibiting its development. This research attempts to put socio-cultural factors at the front of this debate. Using econometric models, we exploratively test the influence of a raft of social and cultural variables on human capital development in multi-ethnic regions of Russia. We found that factors such as marriage, divorce, life expectancy, accessibility to education and healthcare, and attitude towards tourism all influence human capital to varying degrees. Domestic tourism, including museum and theatre visits were particularly impactful. We argue that cultural knowledge and exchange can promote socio-cultural harmony in multi-ethnic regions which can contribute to the region’s human capital development. By exploring the impact of socio-cultural factors, we hope to lead towards a holistic understanding of sustainable human capital development.
Contributions of Neuroleadership to the School Administrator and Teachers for the Development of Organizational Behavior
Authors: Akşahin Harun , Dagli Gokmen , Altinay Fahriye , Altinay Zehra , Altinay Mehmet , Soykurt Mutlu , Bahcelerli Nesrin , Adedoyin Olasile
Published: October 2023

The human brain is the main controller of our nervous system and therefore also of our body. Similarly, leaders are the main controllers of organizations and of the culture within an organization. Neuroleadership has begun to emerge as a leadership approach that is gaining importance because it provides an individual contribution to the solution of problems within an organization. Neuroplasticity has a vital impact in accomplishing sustainable behavior change for executives, managers, and workers to develop into the leaders they need to be. Neuroleader managers are people who try to understand the working stages of the brain in the best way, thus reaching the best level in terms of managing work and positively affecting their organization, which includes people who are in leadership roles. This study aims to determine the contributions of neuroleadership to school administrators and teachers for the development of organizational behavior in primary schools in the northern part of Cyprus. It is expected that this current study will pinpoint the positive contributions of neuroleadership to school administrators, teachers, and education systems, as well as neuroleadership behavior toward the positive development of organizational behavior. The findings of this study are also expected to inform policy and practice. A qualitative research method was used in the study because it provides an in-depth and detailed perspective of the participants. Data were obtained through joint remote interviews, and the data were analyzed using quantitative content analysis. The findings show that both school administrators and teachers have significantly benefited from neuroleadership. In the research, it was concluded that a neuroleader can have a direct effect on the participation of team members in work, and such an organizational culture will increase the success of the organization.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects of the Solar Cell Market
Authors: Bouich Amal , Pradas Inmaculada Guaita , Khan Mehwish Aziz , Khattak Yousaf Hameed
Published: October 2023

The production and consumption of energy must be converted to renewable alternatives in order to meet climate targets. During the past few decades, solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) have become increasingly popular as an alternative energy source. PVs generate electricity from sunlight, but their production has required governmental support through market interventions due to their lack of competitiveness on the energy market. Despite 40 years of attempts to establish PV technology through such interventions, the aim of this paper is to find out what general conclusions can be drawn regarding different technologies. Our study examines peer-reviewed studies from the start of PV technology up to 2023 to answer these questions. The literature indicates that not only developed countries but also developing and emerging nations possess significant potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change by adopting renewable energy sources. Leading market players can offer support to these less developed countries by subsidizing both equipment and installation processes. As a result, this initiative can contribute to sustainable development on our planet.