bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La question du contrat social en collatéral de la crise sanitaire : « All in this together » ?
Authors: Le Queux Stéphane , Peetz David
Published: February 2021

L’impact sanitaire du Covid-19 en Australie a été plus limité qu’ailleurs. La maîtrise de la pandémie a permis une reprise anticipée de l’économie, même si les conséquences sur l’emploi et l’économie ont été dans un premier temps considérables, mais inégales. Une subvention à l’emploi a été introduite en réponse à la pression des acteurs sociaux, et, étonnamment, le gouvernement a encouragé le recours au dialogue social pour faciliter la mise en œuvre d’une réforme des relations professionnelles. Toutefois, les autres aspects du programme gouvernemental risquent fort de compromettre cette dynamique de dialogue.
Renouer les fils rompus entre la sociologie et la philosophie morale dans un cadre post-séculier
Authors: Hanafi Sari , Chanial Philippe
Published: February 2021

Cet article propose d’identifier la crise des sciences sociales dans leur faible connexion entre elles et la philosophie morale. C’est en renouant ces liens que nous espérons corriger la tendance positiviste de ces disciplines et proposer des méthodes, des présupposés normatifs ainsi que des formes d’engagement explicites. Je mettrai ensuite l’accent sur la nécessité de combler une lacune symptomatique de la pensée contemporaine en soulignant toute l’importance de la religion et de la religiosité comme l’une des sources de l’éthique et son influence sur le social. Je soutiendrai que la position, préjudiciable, de certains chercheurs entrave notre compréhension de la contribution des acteurs religieux au sein des mouvements sociaux et nous interdit d’apprécier comment les acteurs sociaux forgent leur position normative dans la vie quotidienne.
L’entraide et la solidarité comme réponses des mouvements sociaux à la pandémie
Authors: Pleyers Geoffrey
Published: February 2021

Les mouvements sociaux ont été particulièrement actifs pendant la pandémie du coronavirus. Cet article souligne le rôle joué par les réseaux d’entraide et par différentes initiatives dans les quartiers, dont la portée dépasse les distributions alimentaires. Des favelas du Brésil à l’Angleterre, des groupes d’entraide ont mobilisé des milliers de personnes et se sont révélés essentiels pour faire face à la pandémie et à l’isolement social. Au-delà des services concrets qu’ils ont assurés, les groupes d’entraide ont agi comme des espaces d’apprentissage dans lesquels des voisins ont appris des pratiques d’auto-organisation. Ils sont devenus des réseaux d’information et des espaces pour reconstruire la confiance et les relations sociales conviviales à un moment où celles-ci sont menacées par l’individualisme néolibéral et par la montée du racisme au cours de la pandémie. Souvent négligés par les chercheurs du champ de l’action collective et par ceux qui se focalisent sur l’impact des mouvements sociaux sur la politique institutionnelle, ces groupes d’entraide et initiatives locales sont pourtant des éléments d’une société convivialiste dont l’importance et l’urgence ont été rappelées par la pandémie.
Défendre ses droits et ses titres de propriété industrielle
Authors: Darbois Sophie , Mulatier Laurent
Published: February 2021

Les droits de propriété industrielle (les brevets d’invention, les marques et les dessins et modèles principalement) constituent, pour le particulier ou l’entreprise qui les détient, un actif précieux qu’il convient de protéger et de défendre. Garants du développement futur d’une entreprise, ces droits peuvent être l’objet de diverses atteintes qui devront être combattues, soit en saisissant classiquement les tribunaux compétents, soit, et c’est plus nouveau, en formant des actions devant l’autorité administrative. En effet, si pendant longtemps la saisine des tribunaux judiciaires a constitué la seule solution pour défendre efficacement ses droits de propriété industrielle, le législateur a, peu à peu, mis en place des solutions alternatives ou complémentaires d’actions devant l’autorité administrative (l’Institut national de la propriété industrielle), certaines l’étant tout récemment (en 2020) dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de la loi PACTE. Seront ici abordées les principales procédures de nature administrative qu’il est possible de former devant l’INPI aux fins de préserver ses droits en matière de propriété industrielle, puis les actions judiciaires introduites aux mêmes fins.
Quelques repères pour éclairer la stratégie PI d’une entreprise
Authors: de Kermadec Yann
Published: February 2021

La PI concerne toutes les entreprises, quels que soient leur domaine d’activité et leur taille. La stratégie PI est une dimension essentielle de la stratégie des entreprises. Les stratégies PI sont donc aussi diverses, évolutives et réactives que le sont les stratégies des entreprises. L’utilisation de la PI ne se limite pas à l’acquisition et à la valorisation des droits correspondants. Les informations que l’on trouve dans les bases brevets, notamment, sont très utiles pour éclairer la stratégie d’une entreprise et les innovations qu’elle développe. Mais la stratégie PI est avant tout la clé de voûte du management de celle-ci. Les trois niveaux du management de la PI ‒ que sont la stratégie, l’organisation et les compétences ‒ doivent donc former un ensemble cohérent, ce qui implique, notamment, que les concepteurs sachent bien utiliser les brevets.
Quantitative CMV Antigenemia Correlated With Ophthalmoscopic Screening for CMV Retinitis in AIDS Patients
Authors: Fezza John , Weitzman Marc , Shoemaker David , Gremillion Charles , Chen Howard
Published: February 2021

Abstract. To assess the efficacy of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen test in detecting the clinical presence of CMV retinitis. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 86 HIV positive patients who underwent dilated fundus exams for CMV retinitis. All patients had a CMV antigen assay performed within three months of their retinal exam. At a level of 45, the antigen test has a sensitivity of 96% in correctly detecting CMV retinitis and a specificity of 90.2%. The negative and positive predictive values of the antigen test were 98.2% and 80%, respectively. CMV antigen blood test provides a useful screening tool in detecting the presence or absence of CMV retinitis. An antigen level less than 45 strongly suggests the absence of retinitis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:81-82]
Diderot, une poétique de l’objet
Authors: Pimenta Pedro
Published: February 2021

L’article examine l’idée d’objet chez Diderot à travers le prisme d’une poétique dans laquelle des éléments de son esthétique et de sa physiologie se combinent avec une théorie générale des machines conçues comme des systèmes organiques. Il s’agit de montrer comment la révision de l’opposition traditionnelle entre mécanisme et organisme permet à Diderot de surmonter la dichotomie entre sujet et objet héritée de la métaphysique classique. C’est une poétique diffuse dans plusieurs écrits de Diderot et dans des articles de l’Encyclopédie (y compris des contributions de D’Alembert) et que l’on peut mettre en relation avec certains textes de l’Histoire naturelle de Buffon.
Quelle langue parlent les mathématiques ?
Authors: Raschi Nataša
Published: February 2021

Cette étude propose une analyse linguistique et comparative des mémoires sur l’acoustique de Diderot et D’Alembert. Si pour ce dernier les mathématiques sont une profession à part entière, pour Diderot elles représentent quelque chose de différent. De manière générale, Diderot considère le processus de l’abstraction comme une source d’erreur possible, alors que D’Alembert soutient exactement la thèse opposée, dans la mesure où il préconise la méthode scientifique basée sur l’abstraction pure. Diderot ne s’intéresse pas aux mathématiques en tant que telles, mais en tant qu’instruments de connaissance nécessaires à la diffusion des arts et métiers.
L’Encyclopédie et Diderot : vers de nouvelles attributions d’articles
Authors: Leca-Tsiomis Marie
Published: February 2021

L’attribution à Diderot de plusieurs centaines d’articles constitue un nouveau corpus de son œuvre encyclopédique : il est donc nécessaire d’exposer le plus clairement possible les critères qui ont servi à la reconnaissance de ce corpus. C’est le premier but de cet article. Me gardant autant qu’il est possible des attributions « au flair » ou au « sentiment », et utilisant le subtil moteur de recherche de l’Enccre qui permet de recenser et de croiser les occurrences tant des domaines et des signatures que des articles et des volumes, je peux désormais en utilisant certaines des conclusions de mes recherches antérieures, établir des critères fiables. Ces critères sont de trois types et ils se croisent : le domaine, l’examen des alternatives, la source.
Influence of genetic variability on the quality of strawberry cultivars: sensorial, physical-chemical and nutritional characterization
Authors: Nunes Graziela , Teixeira Flávia , Schwarz Kélin , Camargo Cristiano Kopanski , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela de , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Franco Bruna Callegari , Novello Daiana
Published: February 2021

Strawberries are berry-type fruits that are very popular and widely consumed all over the world. The sensorial, physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics of strawberries are parameters of quality that influence the choices of consumers. However, these characteristics may be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that alter the fruit quality. The concentrations of nutrients and other chemical compounds in strawberries may increase and/or decrease according to the cropping system, maturation stage, climatic conditions, and preservation and storage methods. Factors characteristic of the cultivar, such as the genetic profile, may also influence the composition of strawberries. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the sensorial, physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics of different strawberry cultivars to identify the genotype(s) with the best characteristics for commercialization and human consumption. The day-neutral strawberry cultivar "Aromas" and short-day strawberry cultivars "Camarosa, Camino Real, Dover, Sweet Charlie, and Tudla" were cultivated in the Olericultura Sector of the State University of the Midwest (UNICENTRO), Paraná State, Brazil. The fruits were characterized in relation to their physical-chemical, nutritional and sensorial aspects. According to the sensorial profiles, the Camarosa, Camino Real, Dover, and Tudla genotypes showed greater acceptability among consumers. Camarosa, Sweet Charlie, and Tudla presented better physical-chemical characteristics for human consumption, while the cultivars Camarosa, Dover, and Tudla had the best nutritional contents. In general, it is concluded that the genotypes Camarosa and Tudla are the most favourable for human consumption, according to their sensorial, physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics.
Behavior of strawberry production with growth models: a multivariate approach
Authors: Diel Maria Inês , Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col , Sari Bruno Giacomini , Olivoto Tiago , Pinheiro Marcos Vinicius Marques , Krysczum Dionatan Ketzer , Melo Patrícia Jesus de , Schmidt Denise
Published: February 2021

Strawberry is an economically and socially important crop in several regions worldwide. Thus, studies that provide information on topics in strawberry growth are important and must be constantly updated. The aims of this study were to fit a logistic growth model to describe strawberry fruit production and to estimate the partial derivatives of the fitted model in order to estimate and interpret the critical points, in addition to using multivariate analyses. To do this, data on 16 treatments [combinations of two cultivars (Albion and Camarosa), two origins (national and imported), and four mixed organic substrates (70% crushed sugar cane residue + 30% organic compost, 70% crushed sugar cane residue + 30% commercial substrate, 70% burnt rice husk + 30% organic compost, and 70% burnt rice husk + 30% commercial substrate)] conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates were used. A logistic model was fitted to the accumulated fruit production stratified by treatment and replication. Partial derivatives related to the accumulated thermal sum were estimated in order to quantify the critical points of the model. Subsequently, a principal component analysis was performed. The results show that the use of growth models substantially increases the inferences that can be made about crop growth, and the multivariate analysis summarizes this information, simplifying its interpretation. Approaches such as those carried out in this study are still rarely used, but, compared to simpler models, they increase the amount of inferences that can be made and provide greater elucidation of the results.
Impact of filament denier on functional performance of microfiber in situ bags
Authors: Hanafy Doaa Elgohary , Hamoda Dina Mohamed , Khattab Ibrahim Mohamed , Aboamer Ahmed Abdelkader
Published: February 2021

In situ bags made from microfiber fabrics have a greater surface area and filtration efficiency that retains the fine particles and reduce the variation in the results. Also, it is more durable than that made from traditional fabrics. This work aimed to study the effect of filament denier on the performance of in situ bags. Two polyester microfilaments with 0.4 and 0.7 deniers were used in manufacturing of four fabrics. Physical and mechanical properties of manufactured fabrics were measured before and after incubation to show the efficiency of the manufactured samples. In vitro trail was conducted to estimate ruminal degradability after 24 and 48 hours for three feedstuffs using three cannulated rams as replicates. The mechanical properties of manufactured in situ bags were significantly affected with both denier per filament and weft densities. According to the statistical analysis of radar chart, sample 2 remarked the highest value which achieved the acceptable ruminal dry matter disappearance compared with Ankom bags in different incubation times.
Incidencia del catolicismo en las trayectorias sociales de los funcionarios educativos en Salta, Córdoba, Chaco y La Ciudad De Buenos Aires
Authors: Prieto Sol
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es reconstruir las trayectorias sociales de los funcionarios de los ministerios de Educación de las provincias de Salta, Córdoba, Chaco y la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, a fin de comprender las diferentes formas en las cuales el catolicismo incide en la selección de funcionarios. Para ello, se rastrearon y reconstruyeron sus trayectorias sociales indagando en dimensiones como la política, el trabajo, la familia, la educación, la asociatividad y la religión. El argumento del presente trabajo es que la selección de funcionarios en la gestión educativa de las provincias, más específicamente el grado de presencia de redes de socialización religiosa dentro de esta selección, varía de acuerdo con el lugar que ocupa el catolicismo en la historia reciente de la provincia.
De Hugo Herrera: Para una teología política del pueblo chileno. Octubre en Chile.
Authors: Aranguiz Kahn Luis
Published: February 2021

Reseña al libro Octubre en Chile, de Hugo Herrera.
Postoperative analgesic efficacy of the pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre compared to intraperitoneal hydrocortisone in laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries
Authors: Elsakka Ahmed , Elrefai Nisreen , Shehata Jihan , Abdel Mawla Atef Galal
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims:

Laparoscopic surgeries are becoming attractive because of early recovery. Adequate postoperative pain relief may be a major concern. Several methods have been used to relieve laparoscopic postoperative pain.

Methodology:

This prospective, randomised, controlled study was conducted during the period between February and June 2019. Patients were assigned into three groups. Patients in the hydrocortisone group received intraperitoneal 100mg hydrocortisone in 150 ml normal saline together with the routine method to remove carbondioxide (CO2). For patients in the pulmonary recruitment group, CO2 was exsufflated by pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre together with the routine method to remove CO2. In the control group CO2 was removed by applying gentle abdominal pressure allowing passive exsufflation through the port site.

Results:

A total of 57 patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups as regards demographic characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference in the 24 h postoperative analgesic consumption (primary outcome) in the hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment groups in comparison to the control group:P value <0.001. Also, time to first request for analgesia was significantly longer and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in the hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment groups compared to the control group:P value <0.001.

Conclusion:

Intraperitoneal hydrocortisone and pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre could both effectively reduce pain after gynaecological laparoscopic surgeries, however, intraperitoneal hydrocortisone might give a longer pain-free time.
Sentinel node mapping using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology for endometrial cancer
Authors: Somashekhar S. P. , Arvind R. , Kumar C. Rohit , Ahuja Vijay , Ashwin K. R.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence with high-definition, three-dimensional imaging systems is emerging as the latest strategy to reduce trauma and improve surgical outcomes during oncosurgery.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective study involving 100 patients with carcinoma endometrium who underwent robotic-assisted Type 1 pan-hysterectomy, with ICG-directed sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy from November 2017 to December 2019. The aim was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of SLN algorithm and to evaluate the location and distribution of SLN in pelvic, para-aortic and unusual areas and the role of frozen section.

Results:

The overall SLN detection rate was 98%. Bilateral detection was possible in 92% of the cases. Right side was detected in 98% of the cases and left side was visualised in 92% of the cases. Complete node dissection was done where SLN mapping failed. The most common location for SLN in our series was obturator on the right hemipelvis and internal iliac on the left hemipelvis. SLN in the para-aortic area was detected in 14% of cases. In six cases, SLN was found in atypical locations, that is pre-sacral area. Eight patients had SLN positivity for metastasis and underwent complete retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Comparison of final histopathological report with frozen section reports showed no false negatives.

Conclusions:

SLN mapping holds a great promise as a modern staging strategy for endometrial cancer. In our experience, cervical injection was an optimal method of mapping the pelvis. ICG showed a high overall detection rate, and bilateral mapping appears to be a feasible alternative to the more traditional methods of SLN mapping in patients with endometrial cancer. The ICG fluorescence imaging system is simple and safe and may become a standard in oncosurgery in view of its staging and anatomical imaging capabilities. This approach can reduce the morbidity, operative times and costs associated with complete lymphadenectomy while maintaining prognostic and predictive information.
Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome presenting with posterior lenticonus like opacities
Authors: Parija Sucheta , Kharolia Anjali , Sekhar Shyam Chandra , Mishra Sikha
Published: February 2021

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is one of the thrombotic microangiopathies characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and end-organ damage. HUS is classified as typical (Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli), atypical (uncontrolled complement activation), and secondary associated with other diseases. Ocular involvement is rare in atypical HUS (aHUS). Literature search using PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, etc., revealed very few case reports on ocular manifestations such as retinal detachment, putscher such as retinopathy, vitreous, and intraretinal hemorrhages, and optic atrophy that have been reported. Here, we report an atypical finding of posterior lenticonus and Grade I hypertensive retinopathy in a 13 years' boy diagnosed as aHUS with refractory hypertension who maintained stable vision after treatment with plasma exchange, mycophenolate mofetil, hemodialysis, and newer antihypertensive drugs (hydralazine).
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy–Guided Bladder-Sparing Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of a Pilot Phase II Study
Authors: Shi Hongzhe , Zhang Wen , Bi Xingang , Wang Dong , Xiao Zejun , Guan Youyan , Guan Kaopeng , Tian Jun , Bai Hongsong , Hu Linjun , Cao Chuanzhen , Jiang Weixing , Hu Zhilong , Zhang Jin , Chen Yan , Zheng Shan , Feng Xiaoli , Li Changling , Li Yexiong , Ma Jianhui , Liu Yueping , Zhou Aiping , Shou Jianzhong
Published: February 2021

Purpose Reduced quality of life after cystectomy has made bladder preservation a popular research topic for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous research has indicated significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed before NAC to define the pathology, impacting the real evaluation of NAC. This research aimed to assess real NAC efficacy without interference from TURBT and apply combined modality therapies guided by NAC efficacy.Materials and Methods Patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC were confirmed by cystoscopic biopsy and imaging. NAC efficacy was assessed by imaging, urine cytology, and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team discussion. Definite responders (≤ T1) underwent TURBT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Incomplete responders underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy if feasible. The primary endpoint was the bladder preservation rate.Results Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63 years. Patients with cT3-4 accounted for 75%. The median number of NAC cycles was three. Definite responders were 52.5%. The complete response (CR) was 10.2%, and 59.3% of patients received bladder-sparing treatments. With a median follow-up of 44.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 72.8%. Three-year OS and relapse-free survival were 88.4% and 60.0% in the bladder-sparing group but only 74.3% and 37.5% in the cystectomy group. The evaluations of preserved bladder function were satisfactory.Conclusion After stratifying MIBC patients by NAC efficacy, definite responders achieved a satisfactory bladder-sparing rate, prognosis, and bladder function. The CR rate reflected the real NAC efficacy for MIBC. This therapy is worth verifying through multicenter research.
Swine Ultrasonography Numerical Modeling for Pregnancy Diagnosis and Prediction of Litter Size
Authors: Kousenidis Konstantinos , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Karageorgiou Efstathia , Avdi Melpomeni
Published: February 2021

Early and reliable diagnosis of pregnancy in sows is considered one of the most crucial parameters for the proper management in pig farming. Reproductive activity of the sows is directly correlated with the overall productivity of the enterprise. The best and most precise methodology to diagnose pregnancy in farm animals, including pigs, is ultrasonography. For getting optimal outputs of real-time ultrasonography application in pigs, both gestation status and litter size of sows is of high importance. Hence, a detailed evaluation and careful reading of the retrieved ultrasonic image could serve to the prediction of the sow’s litter size, providing valuable information to the producer. In the present article we studied the ultrasonic typification of sows in an effort to develop a methodology for the precise pregnancy diagnosis and the prediction of the litter size. To achieve this goal, 1214 matings and 1010 pregnancies were recorded and evaluated over a period of 20 months, in a pig unit in Northern Greece. Two thorough scans were performed on each sow, classifying the ultrasonic image in a scale of 0 to 10, 0 being ‘non pregnant’ and 10 given to the most reassuring image of pregnancy. Evaluations took place in a wide range of time since mating, hence between days 16 (the earliest first scan) and 68 (the latest that a second scan was performed) and the mean values obtained were 8,36 and 8,83 for the first and second scan respectively. Furthermore, the litter size of each subsequent parturition was recorded (mean: 12.22) and correlated to the score of each of the two scans performed during pregnancy. The results showed that more reassuring images and higher scores for both examinations of pregnancy were achieved with increasing time interval from mating (P<0.05). It is therefore suggested that a detailed real-time ultrasonic scanning, can provide a very useful tool, not only for pregnancy diagnosis, but also for the prediction of litter size and eventually the precise management of pregnant sows.
The Mathematical Performance of A Selected Sample of Third Year Students in Jamaican Post-Primary Schools
Authors: Isaacs Ian
Published: February 2021

In 1967 the Jamaican Ministry of Education, through its Curriculum Committee, introduced a "modern" mathematics programme in the then recently established Junior Secondary schools. The Grade Nine Achievement Test (GNAT) in Mathematics is one of the tests used by the Ministry of Education to select students from the grade nine population in Junior Secondary and All Age schools for second cycle secondary education in High schools and Technical schools. Since 1970 this test has reflected the change in content of the Junior Secondary mathematics syllabus. In that year 22 items of the 100 item test were "modern" mathematics type questions which used the symbols and terminology of set theory as well as tested new topics such as numeration systems, finite arithmetics, and transformation geometry.
Management and Mismanagement in Education
Authors: Murray Ross N.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to a number of deficiencies in the way education systems, particularly those of the Third World, are usually managed, and to point to some general principles and procedures which, if adopted, might result in greater efficiency.
Indigenous Language Immersion Schools for Strong Indigenous Identities
Authors: Reyhner Jon
Published: February 2021

Drawing on evidence from indigenous language immersion programs in the United States, this article makes the case that these immersion programs are vital to healing the negative effects of colonialism and assimilationist schooling that have disrupted many indigenous homes and communities. It describes how these programs are furthering efforts to decolonize indigenous education and helping further United Nations policies supporting the rights of indigenous peoples. The fit between place-, community-, and culture-based education and immersion language programs is described with examples from Apache, Ojibwe, Diné (Navajo), Hawaiian, and Blackfeet language programs, illustrating how traditional indigenous values are infused into language programs to help build strong positive identities in indigenous students and their communities.
Hadith “I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify...”: A Study with Respect to Freedom of Belief and Action
Authors: Mohamed Nabil Fouly
Published: February 2021

One of the greatest epistemological accomplishments that Muslims have achieved is the establishment of an accurate system of deriving rulings from Sharia texts, which is known as ‘principles of jurisprudence’ or Usūl ul Fiq. Among the significant contents of these subject is dealing with the text which apparently contradicts to other basic principles of Islam or objectives of Sharī’ah. The job of a jurist becomes more significant and difficult in devising the judgments and interpreting the texts as reported by the fundamentalists: inquiring the validity of the texts, finding its weakness with respect to strong argument, and comparing them in terms of authenticity. Other times, he tries to reconcile between the contradictions by keeping in view a meaning consistent with Sharī’ah. The application of these principles gave birth to the variety and diversity of opinions on account of Ijtihād. Keeping in view the above preamble, the author addressed one of the famous Ahadith of Holy Prophet PBUH: “I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify...”. This saying of Holy Prophet PBUH attracted Muslim thinkers in past and present to address its meanings and application. Likewise some related debate has emerged in the modern period as regards whether the term "people" in the hadith is used generically or specifically - forcing these people to Islam after defeating? The author in this context, addressed the terminology of hadith, its apparent contradiction with the principles of Sharī’ah, legal maxims, provisions, diverse interpretations, and added his own opinion. Descriptive and qualitative research approach was employed for the collection, demonstration and analysis of data.
Nigerian Politics and Politics in Nigeria: A Contemplation of Islamic Political Thought in Nigeria
Authors: Suberu Ibrahim , Yusuf Sherif
Published: February 2021

Democracy in Nigeria is characterised by corruption, irregularities and injustice. The level of political hostility in the country has resulted in loss of lives and properties and as a result, there have been hindrances to peace and national development to prevail in Nigeria. Hence, the ugly political developments have generated a lot of concerns and questions such as what are the causes of the political unrest in Nigeria? Is democracy really paying off as a political system in Nigeria?  What has been the result of democracy in Nigeria?  Can there be a better political system in Nigeria? If so, can Islamic political system fulfil the longing of Nigerians? Answers to these questions shall form the body of this research. The research discovers the absence of fairness in the electoral process and bad governance in Nigeria. This research reveals the flaws in effectiveness of democracy as a system of government in Nigeria. It proposes adopting an alternative model of governance. Lastly, this research contemplates the Islamic political model for a better Nigeria.
The Role of Money in Capitalistic and Islamic Economic Systems: A Comparative Study
Authors: M Yahya Naeem Ur Rahman
Published: February 2021

Money has a great role to play in the economic system. It is a backbone of all commercial and financial transactions. Its role is well defined and established since ages; the fundamental role as a medium of exchange and standard of values. Furthermore, if the functional role of money is positive and productive, it leads to the economic growth and expansion of economic activities. Likewise, the injudicious role of money created several economic fluctuations and frequent financial distortions in the economic history. The article suggests that the injudicious role of money created economic disorder and caused financial crisis in the global economy. The research paper attempts to explore the role of money from Islamic and Capitalistic perspectives. In the capitalistic system, the money is being used as a tradable commodity in the banking and financial sector. The Islamic perspective is based on the teachings of Quran and Sunnah, and jurisdictions of Muslim scholars, in this context, money is only a means of exchange and measure of value. The qualitative research approach has been applied to the discussion and based on the literature review and available data, it is recommended that there is a dire need to review the role of money. The role of money as a tradable commodity caused distortions in the existing system.  It is recommended that the banking business needs to be operated on profit and loss sharing rather than the trading of money as a commodity.
False Starts, Suspicious Interviewees and Nearly Impossible Tasks: Some Reflections on the Difficulty of Conducting Field Research Abroad
Authors: Hubbell Larry
Published: February 2021

In this article, I discuss some of the problems I have encountered in conducting field research abroad, specifically in England, South Africa, Russia and China - a broad variety of societies ranging from free to not free societies. I discuss the problems I encountered and how I overcame some of them and was stymied by others. I have had problems gaining access to interviewees; establishing rapport with interviewees from different societies; and have had my motives questioned. Nevertheless, my research has been rewarding and has resulted in a number of serendipitous discoveries.
Participant Observation of Alcoholics Anonymous: Contrasting Roles of the Ethnographer and Ethnomethodologist
Authors: O'Halloran Seán
Published: February 2021

This paper is an attempt to explore the possible research stances available to the researcher involved in participant observation of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) . It examines some ethnographic studies of AA, within both naturalistic and symbolic interaction is m research paradigms. However , mindful of the constitutive nature of language in social interaction and also wishing to focus on AA as a discoursal process, ethnomethodological approaches are examined, particularly the insights available through Conversational Analysis (CA) and Institutional Interaction. The methods of scrutiny available through these approaches - the emphasis on data and fine-grained detail as well as the context sensitivity available to the acculturated observer - it is argued, make the ethnomethodological approach eminently appropriate in terms of exploring the reflexive relationship between AA discourse and its social organization.
Qualitative Research - Airy Fairy or Fundamental?
Authors: Labuschagne Adri
Published: February 2021

For many scientists used to doing quantitative studies the whole concept of qualitative research is unclear, almost foreign, or 'airy fairy' - not ' real' research. Clinical scientists sometimes find it difficult to accept this research method where the generation of hypotheses often replaces the testing thereof, explanation replaces measurement, and understanding replaces generalisability. Since qualitative research is becoming a prominent tool in medical research, it will be worthwhile to have a closer look at what it is and how it works.
Гостра променева хвороба: внесок українських вчених (повідомлення перше)
Authors: Boichak M. P.
Published: February 2021

Мета. Розглянути внесок українських вчених у розвиток уявлень щодо біологічної дії іонізуючого випромінювання, патогенезу, клініки, діагностики, лікування та профілактики гострої променевої хвороби.

Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні використано історичний і бібліосемантичний методи з метою повного розкриття питань становлення та розвитку радіаційної медицини, зокрема актуальних питань гострої променевої хвороби.

Результати. Розглянуто основні дослідження українських вчених Інституту фізіології імені О.О.Богомольця АН УРСР та окремих дослідників – українців за походженням (Б.М. Раєвський та Є.Б. Закржевський) з питань медичної радіології, участь їх у формуванні нинішніх уявлень щодо гострої променевої хвороби. Показано їх роль у вивченні питань патогенезу, клінічного перебігу, лікування та профілактики гострої променевої хвороби. Виявлені пріоритетні напрями досягнень, що вплинули на позитивні результати лікування гострої променевої хвороби у ліквідаторів аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС.

Висновки. Українськими вченими Інституту фізіології імені О.О. Богомольця АН УРСР та окремими дослідниками – українцями за походженням (Б.М. Раєвський, Є.Б. Закржевський) розроблені важливі наукові напрями з вивчення гострої променевої хвороби (зроблено певний внесок у вивчення патогенетичних механізмів захворювання, детально описано розгорнуту картину основних клінічних синдромів; обґрунтовано принцип комплексного, патогенетичного лікування гострої променевої хвороби; винайдено, вивчено та застосовано низку ефективних протипроменевих засобів, різних механізмів дії, що мають як радіозахисні властивості, так і знижують ступінь променевого ураження організму ), які отримали визнання і практичне застосування при лікуванні постраждалих під час аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС. Завдяки досягненням українських вчених були сформовані сучасні уявлення про гостру променеву хворобу.
RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF BEETLES OF THE FAMILY HETEROCERIDAE (COLEOPTERA) IN RUSSIA AND NEIGHBORING TERRITORIES (2015–2019)
Authors: Sazhnev A.
Published: February 2021

In 2015 year, for the first time in Russia, systematic investigations into poorly studied group of Coleoptera of the family Heteroceridae were initiated. Initial results (for the past 5 years) are presented in this work. Data obtained from these studies can be divided into several thematic groups: systematic acts, faunistic findings (including zoogeographic notes), and materials on bioecological features of heterocerida. Systematics: based on the examination of the type specimens of Heteroсerus kamtschaticus Egorov, 1989, its synonymy is with Heteroerus fenestratus (Thunberg, 1784) is established. The validity of Heterocerus fausti Reitter, 1879, and H. heydeni Kuwert, 1890 is restored. Faunistics: Augyles interspidulus (Charpentier, 1979), A. tokejii Nomura, 1958, A. turanicus (Reitter, 1887), A. marmota (Kiesenwetter, 1850), and Heterocerus kaszabi Charpentier, 1979 are recorded for the first time in Russia; lists and new findings of heterocerids species in the European part of Russia, Caucasus, Ural, West Siberia, Russian Far East, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia are presented. Ecology: for the first time, the composition and structure of heterocerid population are studied in the littoral zone of waterbodies in the north of the Lower Volga region; data on the biotopical diversification, seasonal dynamics and hibernation of some species of mud-loving beetles are presented. The position of beetles of the family Heteroceridae in food webs of riparian communities in European Russia and Mongolia is discussed, and the main trophic links within the Heteroceridae related communities are recorded. Symbionts of heterocerids are also discussed.
ZOOBENTHOS OF WATERCOURSES IN THE BUKHTARMA RIVER BASIN (UPPER IRTYSH, SOUTH-WESTERN ALTAI) AT REFERENCE SITES AND IN THE IMPACT ZONE
Authors: Evseeva A.
Published: February 2021

The composition, structure, and spatial distribution of zoobenthos in streams of the Bukhtarma River basin are described and quantitative indicators of benthos in the lower course of the Bukhtarma River are given. The predominance of insects from the orders of mayflies, caddisflies, and freckles is characteristic of the water-courses in the Bukhtarma River basin and is associated with the presence of stony soils in the rivers, rapid flow, moderate-cold-water temperature regime, and high oxygen content in the water – factors that are most favorable for these groups of invertebrates. To assess the ecological state of surface waters in the streams under study by bioindication methods, TBI, BMWP, ASPT, and ERT biotic indices are used. The taxonomic composition of each of the studied watercourses and river sections is formed in accordance with specific environmental conditions associated with natural and anthropogenic factors. It is established that watercourses in the reference areas can be used as reference ones in accordance with the requirements of the EU Framework Water Directive, and the characteristics of invariant States of biocenoses of the lower course of the Bukhtarma River in the impact zone are also given using the criteria of the V. A. Abakumov system of ecological modulations.
Penerapan Algoritma Elias Delta Codes Dalam Kompresi File Teks
Authors: Rizky Nadia Fariza , Nasution Surya Darma , Fadlina Fadlina
Published: February 2021

File size or large files are not only a problem in terms of storage, but also another problem when communication between computers. Data usage with a larger size will take longer transfer times compared to data that has a smaller size. Therefore to overcome this problem you can use data compression. Seeing the compression of data compression, data compression is needed that can reduce the size of the data, so that it gains the advantage of reducing the use of external storage media space, accelerating the process of transferring data between storage media, data utilization used in this study is the elias delta codes algorithm. Compression is a method used to reduce the bit or data from the original result to a new result. Where this compression will be applied into the algorithm, the elias delta codes algorithm. After getting the results of the compression it will be designed into Microsoft Visual Studio 2008
Kedudukan Alkitab Bagi Kurikulum Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Bagi Orang Dewasa
Authors: Otto Ottovianus
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This paper aims to see how the Bible stands for the curriculum in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 called the Internet of Think (IoT). Internet of Think (IoT) is a technology that allows each instrument to be connected to one another virtually, so that it can support the performance of the human workforce. Therefore, with the development of the 4.0 industrial revolution, this paper will explain how the authority of the Bible and the relevance of the Bible, the benefits of God's words based on II Timothy 3:16 (teaching, reproving mistakes, correcting behavior and educating people in truth) and the position of the Bible for curriculum in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0.

Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kedudukan Alkitab bagi kurikulum di era revolusi industri 4.0 yang disebut Internet of Think (IoT). Internet of Think (IoT) merupakan teknologi yang memungkinkan setiap instrumen terkoneksi satu sama lain secara virtual, sehingga mampu mendukung kinerja tenaga kerja manusia. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya perkembangan revolusi industri 4.0 maka, tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana otoritas Alkitab dan relevansi Alkitab, manfaat perkataan Allah berdasarkan II Timotius 3:16 (mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan dan mendidik orang dalam kebenaran) dan kedudukan Alkitab bagi kurikulum di era revolusi industri 4.0.
Writing for digital media: Top Romanian Companies’ "About us" pages
Authors: Fărcașiu Marcela Alina
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at examining a very fashionable and important topic nowadays, i.e. companies’  ?About Us’ pages, an ‘identity card’ through which companies must spark the potential customers’ interest in wanting to buy their products or try their services. To this purpose, 25 most valuable entrepreneurial Romanian companies’ ?About Us’ pages have been considered and analysed. Seeing that there are no specific guidelines concerning the content of such a page, the analysis has taken into account some criteria found in the literature relative to what a ‘perfect’ ‘About Us’  page must look like. The pages have been analysed and compared qualitatively and quantitatively based on these criteria. Screenshots of the pages have also been provided in order to exemplify the results
Africa’s Development and Post Covid-19 Emerging Opportunities: Towards a Political Economic Model for Strengthening Intra Africa Trade and National/Regional Competitiveness in Response to Global Supply Chain Disruption
Authors: Oladele Aderemi , Vieyra-Mifsud Olola
Published: February 2021

In view of the general observation that emerging opportunities exist for developing economies in the aftermath of the COVID-19 global pandemic, despite its many health, safety, economic, social and environmental realities, this paper examines how Africa could translate the challenges of the crisis into positive development opportunities from three interrelated salient angles: first is  how to consolidate on innovation for local production and reinforce intra-African trade;  the second is strengthening innovation for more resilient policies that address youth employment and skills development for regional and global competitiveness; and third,  refocusing the digital and green economies, including the strengths of artificial intelligence, big data, e-commerce and the continuity of related environmental objectives. Using the “systems approach”, it proposes three quaternal models, advocating for policy coherence as optimal for development deliverables. This is  not only beneficial for helping Africa out of the crisis, but could also meet some novel and future-oriented objectives of capacity building for managing complexities as purported in current global and regional development Agendas 2030 and 2063, as well as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) proposals.
LAS CLÁUSULAS LINGÜÍSTICAS EN LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: AMOEDO SOUTO CARLOS ALBERTO
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo constituye un intento de sistematización de la
introducción de cláusulas relativas al uso de las lenguas cooficiales en la contratación
pública española. Mediante estas cláusulas, los poderes adjudicadores tratan
de garantizar, por un lado, el cumplimiento de los derechos de uso de las lenguas
cooficiales por parte de los usuarios de los servicios administrativos externalizados
mediante contrato. Por otro, se trata de impulsar medidas de normalización
del uso y visibilidad de las lenguas propias de las Comunidades Autónomas. El
trabajo plantea su utilización en el marco de la contratación pública estratégica,
repasa la habilitación jurídica de este tipo de cláusulas, y discute sus distintas posibilidades
técnicas en el marco de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo y la
nueva Ley 9/2017, de contratos del sector público.

Lan hau sistematizazio-saiakera bat da, Espainiako kontratazio
publikoaren alorrean hizkuntza koofizialen erabilerari buruzko klausulak txertatzeko.
Klausula horien bitartez bi helburu lortu nahi dira. Batetik, botere esleitzaileak
ahalegintzen dira bermatzen kontratu bidez kanporatutako administrazioko
zerbitzuen erabiltzaileek hizkuntza koofizialak erabiltzeko daukaten eskubidea; eta,
bestetik, autonomia erkidegoetako berezko hizkuntzak normalizatzeko eta ikusgai
egiteko neurriak bultzatzen dira. Klausula horiek kontratazio publiko estrategikoaren
eremuan erabiltzeko planteamendua egiten du lanak. Halaber, mota horretako
klausulen habilitazio juridikoa berrikusten du, eta Auzitegi Gorenaren jurisprudentziaren
nahiz Sektore Publikoko Kontratuei buruzko 9/2017 Lege berriaren esparruan
dauden aukera teknikoak aztertzen ditu.

This paper is an attempt to systematize the use of linguistic
clauses on Spanish public procurement experience. Through these clauses,
contracting authorities of autonomous governments with traditional minority
official languages ensure, on the one hand, the realisation of the citizens rights to
use minority languages, even when public services are outsourced to the market.
On the other hand, these terms also deal with policies of promoting the use and
visibility of the native languages concerned in the Autonomous communities.
The paper stands for the use of this kind of clauses within the strategic public
procurement framework, reviews its legal basis, and discusses about different
technical possibilities with respect to the Supreme Court case law and the new
Public Sector Contracts Act from 2017.