bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Park, People and Biodiversity Conservation in Kaziranga National Park, India
Authors: Das Daisy
Published: July 2017

Kaziranga National Park (henceforth, KNP) is a protected area situated in the North Eastern part of India. The park is a World Heritage Site and has a very rich ecosystem. KNP is an attractive tourist destination and occupies a significant place in the life and culture of the people living in this part of the country. Conservation of the park started more than a century ago, and local people have often contested such efforts. This is mainly because indigenous people have been facing displacement and deprivation from resources, which they have been using for centuries. Besides deprivation, wild animals often damage their properties and paddy fields. This leads to resentment among local people and become potential cause of grudge in the form of encroachment, poaching, biodiversity loss, and excessive collection of forest products. As a result, conservation measures may fail to deliver desired outcome. This paper tries to examine the gains and losses for living around KNP and assess the park-people relation. We conduct a case study in some periphery villages of the park and find that people have been suffering from difficulty in rearing livestock and loss caused by wild animal. However, people gain from tourism business. Based on the findings we recommend extension of tourism/allied activities and community welfare measures. The findings may be used to derive policy implication for sustainable management of the park.
Inducing Critical Discourse Analysis in Speaking Syllabus for EFL Students of Indonesian Islamic Universities
Authors: Fauzan Umar
Published: July 2017

Speaking courses are predominant to equip students oral proficiency and the stages of the improvement are required to include in the speaking syllabus.  This study was conducted to see the weaknesses of speaking course and renewal of speaking syllabus as the revision.  This study used content analysis and thematic analysis as the research design.  The study involved speaking lecturers,  students of speaking course, and head of English language education in IAIN Samarinda as research subjects.  Data on syllabus documents were obtained from the document analysis and data on the subjects’ perceptions were collected using interviews and questionnaire.  The study revealed that speaking courses were revised their names as: speaking for daily conversation, speaking for formal settings, speaking for academic settings, speaking for academic purposes, and public speaking.  Three primary characteristics of the renewal speaking sources were termed: learning outcomes, needs analysis based course contents, and CDA inductions.
Reforma Gerencial em Contexto Local: Estudo Comparado dos Municípios de Osasco e Niterói
Authors: Ortiz Marilia Sorrini Peres , Medeiros Anny Karine
Published: July 2017

No contexto brasileiro as reformas gerenciais iniciadas na década de 1990 são legados sólidos com experiências em âmbito federal e também subnacional. Passadas quase duas décadas deste movimento de reforma, as experiências municipais são mais recentes - e quase residuais se desconsiderarmos as capitais, havendo pouco acúmulo sobre os resultados obtidos nestes casos. O trabalho de Abrucio e Gaetani (2006) identificou como fatores para a formação de alianças e coalizões que influenciam a reforma gerencial em estados: a) o efeito da questão fiscal; b) inovações administrativas que geraram path dependence; c) o peso dos “policies entrepreneurs”; e d) a “janela de oportunidade” aberta. Partindo desta categorização, propõe-se uma pesquisa empírico-teórica que toma como referência o estudo comparado de dois casos que configuram experiências recentes de reformas gerenciais no âmbito municipal, quais sejam: Osasco e Niterói, a fim de verificar os elementos da categorização e ampliar a discussão para casos contemporâneos. Como contribuições do trabalho defende-se a necessidade de compreender a melhoria da gestão pública como escolha política ressalvando-se a pertinência e relevância desse legado para os municípios brasileiros.
O Poder Político-Burocrático na Gestão Pública Brasileira: uma Crítica de seus Marcos Reformistas à Luz de Adorno
Authors: Zwick Elisa
Published: July 2017

A conformação da burocracia pública brasileira avançou historicamente pela adoção de modelos excludentes para governar o Estado, integrados à hegemonia necessária para a permanência do poder nas mãos da classe dominante. À luz da dialética negativa de Adorno (2009), apresentamos neste ensaio uma análise crítica antissistema dos marcos reformistas da constelação político-burocrática da Gestão Pública brasileira. Partimos da burocracia do poder desde o Estado Novo, para compreender o poder da burocracia no desenvolvimento da estrutura capitalista dependente, de modo que situamos o democratismo e a estadania como anticategorias do pensamento convencional de democracia e cidadania.
A trajetória Ininterrupta da Reforma do Aparelho de Estado no Brasil: Continuidades nos Marcos do Neoliberalismo e do Gerencialismo
Authors: Misoczky Maria Ceci Araujo , Abdala Paulo Ricardo Zilio , Damboriarena Luiza Araujo
Published: July 2017

O argumento deste ensaio defende que a reforma do aparelho do Estado é um processo continuado e ininterrupto, relacionado com a renovação do neoliberalismo como ideologia dominante no estágio atual do capitalismo. Neste contexto, o gerencialismo funciona como matriz teórico-ideológica, servindo como marco para o processo de reforma em sua dimensão tática, subordinada a uma estratégia de acumulação no qual o Estado deve facilitar os negócios. A construção do argumento parte da história como recurso fundamental para compreender o presente, lançando luzes na relação essencial entre as transformações das Teorias Organizacionais e a constituição da Administração Pública como área, desde sua origem até os tempos atuais, marcados pelo gerencialismo. Como ilustração, são apresentados os casos da criação da Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares e das transformações recentes do ensino e pesquisa, reforçando a necessidade de ampliar a compreensão do significado e alcance das reformas do aparelho de Estado na contemporaneidade.
Para Além da Reforma do Estado
Authors: Gurgel Claudio Roberto Marques
Published: July 2017

A reforma do Estado no Brasil teve como ponto de partida o diagnóstico de que, nos anos 1970/1980, se instalou uma crise fiscal, proveniente do excesso de gastos públicos. Mas as crises não se explicam exclusivamente pela superestrutura. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a reforma dos anos 1990 a partir de um olhar mais amplo, incluindo os papéis desempenhados pelo mercado, após o abalo da base técnica fordista, e pela sociedade, marcada pelo individualismo. Após vinte anos de experiência da reforma, configura-se a necessidade de retomar a perspectiva perdida, com mudanças que contemplem os frequentemente excluídos e que avance para além da reforma do Estado, em seu conceito liberal.
Governança Pública em Saúde Pós-Reforma Gerencial no Brasil: Reconciliando Perspectivas para uma Análise Multinível
Authors: Sauerbronn Fernanda Filgueiras
Published: July 2017

O presente ensaio tem foco na governança da política pública de saúde no Brasil no contexto pós-reforma gerencial. A argumentação desenvolvida tem o objetivo de propor uma análise que considere a governança pública como formada por influências advindas de múltiplos níveis, pautada no conceito de codeterminação, como forma de reconhecer questões de economia política no processo de interação de atores públicos e privados e seus reflexos sobre a sociedade. Assim, os autores recuperam alguns aspectos históricos de pós-reforma gerencial, a introdução da competitividade administrada na política pública de saúde brasileira e revisitam três abordagens teóricas de governança pública em busca de uma proposta para o estudo da dimensão público-privada na saúde pública. Observa-se na revisão que são raros os estudos que reconheçam a coexistência de diferentes abordagens em governança pública (seus pressupostos, possibilidades e limitações) e que procurem reconciliá-las
A kvalitatív pedagógiai kutatásmódszertan hazai fejlődéstörténete négy neveléstudományi folyóirat tükrében: fókuszban a 2011–2015 közötti időszak
Authors: Sántha Kálmán , Katona Istvánné , Subrt Péter
Published: July 2017

A tanulmány a magyar kvalitatív pedagógiai kutatásmódszertan fejlődéstörténetét vizsgáló munkák sorába kíván illeszkedni, folytatja a Sántha Kálmán (2009, 2016) tanulmányai által megkezdett törekvést. Négy magyar neveléstudományi szaklap, az Iskolakultúra, az Új Pedagógiai Szemle, a Magyar Pedagógia és a Pedagógusképzés 2011 – 2015 megjelent számait vizsgáltuk, célként a jelenlegi hazai kvalitatív pedagógiai kutatásmódszertan helyzetének feltárását, valamint a hazai és a nemzetközi kvalitatív irányzatok közötti kapcsolatok feltérképezését tűztük ki. A tanulmányokat a kombinált (deduktív és induktív) logika szerinti kvalitatív tartalomelemzési eljárással dolgoztuk fel, a szövegkorpuszokat fő- és alkódok hierarchiájával vizsgáltuk. Az eredményeket három nagyobb tartalmi csoport, a kvalitatív tanulmányok elméleti hátterére vonatkozó cikkek, a kvalitatív módszerek alkalmazhatóságát elemző empirikus tanulmányok és a recenziók, konferencia-ismertetők alapján jelenítettük meg. A tanulmány a hazai kvalitatív pedagógiai kutatásmódszertan szisztematizálási törekvéseihez kíván hozzájárulni.
Digitális történetmesélés alkalmazása természettudományos témájú tantárgyi tartalmak feldolgozásában
Authors: Lanszki Anita , Papp-Danka Adrienn
Published: July 2017

Az oktatási intézmények falai között egyre több digitális eszköz és technológia jelenik meg, mellyel párhuzamosan felmerültek a pedagógiai módszertani kultúra technológia-alapú megújulására vonatkozó igények is. A digitális történetmesélés (digital storytelling, továbbiakban DST) egy olyan új tanulásszervezési eljárás, melyben a hagyományos történetmesélés ötvöződik a digitális eszközhasználattal. Lényege, hogy a tanulók nem öncélúan alkalmazzák a digitális eszközöket, hanem egyedi elbeszéléseket, sajátos multimédia produktumokat hoznak létre, melyek felkeltik tanulótársaik ﬁgyelmét, lelkesedését, és kommunikációt generálnak a feldolgozott témában a tanulóközösségen belül. Többszörösen bizonyított a DST tanulói motivációra (Abdolmanafi-Rokni és Qarajeh, 2014) és teljesítményre (Smeda, Dakich és Sharda, 2014) gyakorolt pozitív hatása. A kutatások jelentős hányada azonban humán tárgyak esetében tért ki a DST különböző képesség- és készségfejlesztésben játszott szerepére (problémamegoldó képesség – Chun-Ming, Gwo-Jen és Iwen, 2012); önálló tanulási stratégia kialakításának képessége, kritikai gondolkodás (Abdel-Hack, Helwa és Abdel-Hamid, 2014). E tanulmány célja annak bemutatása, hogyan lehet a DST-t gimnáziumi földrajz órán kreativitásfejlesztő módszerként alkalmazni. Kvalitatív és kvantitatív mérőeszközök, illetve egy digitális történet-értékelő sablon segítségével azt vizsgáltuk, milyen stratégiák mentén szelektálnak különböző képi és verbális tartalmakat a tanulók digitális történetük tervezése és alkotása során, illetve hogy digitális eszközhasználati szokásaik megfelelnek-e a DST módszeréhez köthető technológiai elvárásoknak. Vizsgálatunk fő kérdése, hogy a tanulók egyéni tanulási jellemzői, mint például digitális kompetenciájának mértéke, vagy egyéni kognitív stílusa hogyan függenek össze a DST mint tanulási módszer alkalmazásával.
Learning and Teaching in Innovation: why it is important for education in 21st century
Authors: Kovacs Helena
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this article is to understand the state of play in today’s research into the field of teacher learning and teacher professional development, as well as to make a connection with the need for change in how educa -tion is implemented in schools of 21st century. The study portrays the accelerated learning curve for teachers ininnovative learning environments which as such demand collaboration, experimentation and questioning ofone’s own practice. The conclusions point out the need for spreading the examples of successful pedagogicaland technological innovations and further stimulating teacher learning in order to get better results for schools,pupils and societies in the future.
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardiometabolic Diseases and Related Complications
Authors: Yamagishi Sho-ichi , Matsui Takanori
Published: July 2017

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the
superfamily of serine protease inhibitors, serpins. It was first identified as a neuronal differentiating
factor secreted by human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and then found to be
the most potent inhibitor of pathological angiogenesis in mammalian eyes. Recently,
PEDF has been shown not only to suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in
vascular wall cells, T cells and macrophages, and adipocytes, but also to exert antithrombotic
and anti-fibrotic properties, thereby protecting against the development and
progression of various cardiometabolic diseases and related complications. Furthermore,
accumulating evidence has suggested that circulating PEDF levels may be a biomarker of
severity and prognosis of these devastating disorders. Number of subjects with visceral
obesity and insulin resistance is increasing, and the metabolic syndrome and its related
complications, such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatits,
and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are a growing health challenge. Therefore,
in this study, we review the pathophysiological role of PEDF in obesity and metabolic
disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetic eye and kidney complications, liver diseases,
and reproductive system disorders, and discuss the potential clinical utility of modulating
the expression and actions of PEDF for preventing these cardiometabolic disorders. We
also refer to the clinical value of PEDF as a biomarker in cardiometabolic complications.
Isopraxis Leadership: Leader Confidence, Managerial Strategy, and Organizational Performance
Authors: Meier Kenneth J. , O'Toole Laurence J.
Published: July 2017

Attention has been given to the notion that organizational leaders’ expressed confidence and optimism regarding their organizations’ performance can affect that performance by increasing the motivation and/or self-efficacy of subordinates. This idea, a part of various leadership theories, we call “isopraxis leadership.” This paper examines the logic of the claim, reviews and critiques extant evidence, develops a measure of leader confidence (the starting point for isopraxis leadership), undertakes initial validation of the measure, and then tests for the link between leader confidence and performance among several hundred public organizations. Leader confidence is found to be largely unrelated to performance; some evidence indicates that it can help only for those organizations that are already doing well or have more resources than average – that is, where it is least needed.
STABILITY EVALUATION OF TARTRAZINE BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-DIODE ARRAY DETECTOR AND HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON SPRAY IONIZATION QUADRUPOLE TIME-OFFLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS
Authors: Nagappan Krishnaveni , Yamjala Karthik , Sathyaseelan Mathivathani , Byran Gowramma
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study investigates the degradation behavior of tartrazine, a synthetic azo dye used in pharmaceutical products.Methods: For this purpose, standard solutions containing E102 were subjected to pH, oxidation, photolytic conditions and were analyzed by the developed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results: The results show degradation in standard solution with the formation of single degradation product in oxidative visible light condition. The formed unknown degradation product was isolated by semipreparative HPLC and characterized using ultra-HPLC coupled with high resolution tandem mass spectrometer (MS).Conclusion: The isolated component was vacuum dried and subjected to high-resolution MS analysis for the plausible structural elucidation. Based on the fragmentation pattern of one degradation product (ODP) from their MSn studies, the ODP may be identified as 2,5-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-3- (phenyldiazenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid.
INFLUENCE OF AUXIN ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND WITHANOLIDE ACCUMULATION IN ADVENTITIOUS ROOT CULTURE OF INDIAN RENNET: WITHANIA COAGULANS
Authors: Murugesan Parameswari , Senthil Kalaiselvi
Published: July 2017

Objective: Withanolides are the biologically active, principle compound present in Withania coagulans, which is having a high medicinal value and possesses potent therapeutic activity. The present study was attempted with an objective to investigate a biomass growth and withanolide production in in vitro root tissues of W. coagulans.Methods: High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) often serves as a method for quantification of major withanolides. In the present study, methanolic withanolide extract of in vitro cultured W. coagulans root tissue were carried out using HPTLC. The HPTLC analysis was performed using precoated silica gel aluminum plate (20 cm × 20 cm) 60F254 (E.MERCK, Germany) with mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:5:1).Results: The optimization of different combination and concentration of plant growth regulators (indole-3-butyric acid [IBA] and indole-acetic acid) was used to stimulate the biomass growth and withanolide production. The maximum biomass growth (7.48±0.25 g/dL) was observed in medium with 4.93 μM−1 IBA. The higher amount of withanolide A (204.98±0.87 μg/L DW) and withaferin A (227.15±0.57 μg/L DW) accumulation was recorded in culture grown on half Murashiga-Skoog media supplemented with 4.93 μM−1 and 2.46 μM−1 IBA.Conclusion: We concluded that in vitro-cultured system could provide unique opportunities for large-scale production of pharmaceutically important compound than field grown plants.
A CASE REPORT ON CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA
Authors: Unnikrishnan Karthika , Kn Anila
Published: July 2017

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) disorder is an uncommon respiratory issue in which air can enter the lungs yet cannot escape, bringing about over inflation (hyperinflation) of the projections of the lung with an incidence 1 per 20,000-30,000 per birth. It is frequently recognized in babies or youthful newborn children; however, a few cases do not get to be distinctly evident until adulthood. This issue might be sufficiently serious to bring about related heart issues. We report a case of a 1-month-old female infant who showed the signs and symptoms of this disease, but responded well to her treatment and was discharged in a stable state.
NONTHERMAL EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATIONS ON HUMAN HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND SUGAR LEVEL
Authors: D Basandrai , K Dhami A , K Bedi A
Published: July 2017

Objective: A single-blinded pilot study has been conducted to investigate the effect of cell phone radiation on the human heart. Methods: Experimental work has been conducted in Jalandhar-based hospital under the supervision of a cardiologist. During experimental work, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) level, and sugar level have been examined before and after cell phone radiation exposure. For ECG analysis, the parameters such as heart rate, rhythm, mechanism, axis, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and QT interval have been examined in the study.Results: No significant variations in the results of above-mentioned parameter has been observed before and after acute exposure of cell phones radiations by placing cell phone closer to heart.Conclusion: The result of this study concludes that mobile phone radiations do not interfere with any electrical activity of the human heart, BP, and sugar level in healthy individuals.
CURBING ACTINOMYCETES AND THIDIAZURON ENHANCED MICROPROPAGATION IN THE RARE ALPINIA GALANGA - A MEDICINAL ZINGIBER
Authors: Rg Baradwaj , Mv Rao , T Senthil Kumar
Published: July 2017

Objective: Elimination of endophytic actinomycetes before micropropagation using antibiotic pre-treatment in rhizome bud explants of Alpinia galanga. Then, the formulation of an operative protocol for Micropropagation of the same void of endophytic actinomycetes. Methods: A treatment of mercury chloride and carbendazim, alone and in combination was used as surface sterilants. A pre-treatment of rifampicin and fusidic acid was used against actinomycete endophyte disinfection of rhizome bud explants. Then, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins were used for micropropagation of disinfected explants. Results: A treatment of 0.1% (w/v) mercury chloride and 0.1% (w/v) carbendazim, one after the other for 5 minutes gave the best sterility of 83.3%. A pre-treatment of Rifampicin 100 mg/l and fusidic acid 100 mg/l for 2 hrs gave the best disinfection of 70% against actinomycete endophytes. A combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.45 μM and 6-benzyladenine 13.32 μM in MS medium resulted in 9.4 shoots per explant. MS medium fortified with 10.74 μMof 1-naphthaleneacetic acid gave the best rooting of 20 roots/shoot. inter simple sequence repeat marker genetic similarity of regenerants with the mother plant was confirmed. Conclusion: This study shows the potency of Rifampicin and Fusidic acid to disinfect explants from actinomycete endophytes and is significant as the first report on curbing actinomycetes endophytes in plant tissue culture of A. galanga. This is also the first report conferring the dissimilar regeneration capabilities of TDZ in comparison to other cytokinins in Zingiberaceae.
VALGANCICLOVIR INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: D Amita , O Balaji , Patil Navin
Published: July 2017

Triple immunosuppression is very pivotal in maintaining the graft in case of renal transplantation. But because of severe immunosuppression, always there is chance of severe adverse effects. Hematological toxicity is usually very common but dreaded in case of renal transplant patients. Here, we report a case of valganciclovir-induced drop in platelet counts in a postrenal transplant patient.
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA POLYPHENOLS AGAINST 7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A)ANTHRACENE-INDUCED MAMMARY CANCER
Authors: Omran Rabab , Al-taee Zahraam M , Hashim Hayder O , Al-jassani Mohammed J
Published: July 2017

Objectives: Polyphenols are vital micronutrients, in our diet, which have a role in the prevention of progressive cancer and cardiovascular diseases developing. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the hemopreventive effects of some polyphenols of Phoenix dactylifera pits on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer of female albino rats.Methods: The phenolics of P. dactylifera pits (Zahidi cultivar) were prepared by successive steps; extraction by ethanol:methanol:HCl:H2O, adsorption chromatography using a silica gel column and preparative high performers chromatography. The cytotoxic activity of the phenolics was detected against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The acetone phenolic fraction, 50 female albino rats, and DMBA carcinogen were used to study the preventive effects.Results: The acetone phenolic fraction contained considerable amounts of the total phenolics and having antioxidant activity, which inhibit cancer cell line MCF-7 growth, and the inhibitory concentration 50% of cells (IC50) at 24 hrs was 202 μg/ml for MCF-7 and 480 μg/ml for WRL-68. The purified phenolic compounds may be related to genistein and quercetin derivatives that inhibited MCF-7 cell line growth and IC50 were 1030 and 203.9 μg/ml, respectively, compared with negligible effects on normal cell line. The acetone phenolic fraction prevented mammary cancer formation in the DMBA-induced rat model.Conclusions: The phenolics of date palm had chemopreventive effects against DMBA-induced mammary cancer, and they required further research to clarify the possible mechanisms that might have contributed to the preventive effects against mammary cancer.
SCREENING OF BIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY PROFILING OF ADENANTHERA PAVONINA STEM EXTRACT
Authors: Bhadran Shubha , George Sangeetha Annie , Malla Sudhakar , Bp Harini
Published: July 2017

Objective: The search for various phytotherapeutic compounds is on rise due to a complex multifactorial phenomenon called drug resistance. The present study investigates the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative potential of methanolic extracts of Clitorea ternatea, Averrhoa bilimbi, Phyllanthus acidus, Tecoma stans, Curcuma aromatica, Anethum graveolens, Adhatoda vasica, Markhamia lutea, Spathodea companulata, and Adenanthera pavonina.Methods: The plant parts were extracted with methanol and screened for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging abilities. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated on HeLa and HCT116 cells through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. The stem extract of A. pavonina was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for purification of the compounds of interest. A two-way ANOVA was done to estimate the effect of the extract between samples remembered at p<0.05 level.Results: Among all the studied samples, the extract of A. pavonina (stem) showed significant scavenging activity of 70.23% and 76.32% of scavenging compared to 74.58 % and 81.13% of that of reference standard in ABTS and DPPH assay, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 17 phytocompounds. MTT assay revealed that this extract (SB19) had promising cytotoxic activity against the two cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HeLa with inhibitory concentration 50% IC50 values of 25.86±0.21 μg/ml and 39.89±0.11 μg/ml, respectively. The extract treatment caused significant arrest in G2M phase of cell cycle.Conclusion: A. pavonina (stem) extract displayed significant antioxidant and antiproliferative activity and can be considered as a potential candidate drug for anticancer studies.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY DISCOVERING THE COMMON MEDICATION-THERAPY PROBLEMS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wahyuningrum Retno , Wahyono Djoko , Mustofa Mustofa , Prabandari Yayi Suryo
Published: July 2017

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and non-communicable diseases caused by insulin resistance. The management of the disease is not only carried out by administering pharmacological therapies, but also non-pharmacological. The aim of the overall study was to develop a model to improve the quality of counseling practice in pharmacies. The research question addressed in this substudy was to identify the medication therapy problems (MTPs) of T2DM.Methods: A total of 42 participants were interviewed between November 2015 and May 2016 through semi-structured surveys. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients who visited the internal clinic in the three general hospitals at Yogyakarta. It emphasized on the patient’s drug-related experiences, knowledge, perceptions, problems, and actions. The analysis was done thematically using the interpretative phenomenological analysis technique.Results: The average age of participants was 57.7 years, and more than half were women (55.5%). The most common therapy-related problems are related to individual factors, in term of inappropriate lifestyle choices, which include smoking, having a body mass index value over 25, lack of exercise, lack of knowledge about the nature of their disease, some did not know about the influence of foods on blood glucose level, the effect of the medicines on the disease and/or complications. The interviewees had realized that psychological stress enhanced their blood glucose.Conclusion: Pharmacists need to pay attention to the management of non-pharmacological when giving advice to patients with T2DM.
EFFECT OF CIRCUIT TRAINING IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE
Authors: Bhagat Pallavi , Jagtap Vaishali , T Poovishnu Devi
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The objective of the study is to find the effect of circuit training on quality of life. To find the effect of conventional therapy (interferential therapy [IFT] and isometric exercise) and to find the effect of conventional therapy with or without circuit training in OA knee.Methods: A total of 30 participants of 50-60 years of age, having osteoarthritis (OA) knee were recruited and allocated into two groups and treated with IFT, exercises, and circuit training for 4 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention outcome were measured using Western Ontario and McMaster University OA Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS).Result: Both groups showed improvement, but there was an extremely significant improvement on VAS and WOMAC scales in the group treated with circuit training along with conventional treatment (IFT and isometric exercises).Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that circuit training along with IFT and isometric exercises shows an extremely significant effect over IFT and isometric exercises alone in OA knee patients.
THE EMINENT THREATS OF COUNTERFEIT DRUGS TO QUALITY HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN AFRICA: UPDATES ON CONSEQUENCES AND WAY FORWARD
Authors: Aminu Nafiu , Gwarzo Mahmud Sani
Published: July 2017

Counterfeit drugs (CDs) continue to cause serious public health problems in many countries around the globe, particularly in the African countries which are their major consumers. Soft penalties for the drug counterfeiters; recent increase in internet commerce; ignorance and lack of effective partnership between drug companies, drug regulatory agencies, law enforcement bodies, customs, among others, have contributed to the rise in counterfeiting menace. However, governments at various levels in some of the affected countries do not accede to the menace of CDs, as they are implementing many strategies through the recent innovations and advancement in technology to curtail it. Nevertheless, there is still needs for taking more rigorous steps to achieve complete eradication of the crime. This review article presented the impact of CDs in the Africa’s quality health-care delivery, with particular attention to the causes, magnitude, and consequences. The review also identifies areas where concerted drug policies and actions are required to eradicate the drug counterfeiting crimes and also provides suggestions to drug’s policymakers and relevant stakeholders that may be useful in making decisions that can safeguard the public from the danger of CDs.
A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA
Authors: Khare Pragati , Kishore Kamal , Sharma Dinesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Objective: Now-a-days, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects in comparison to the allopathic medicines. Cassia angustifolia, commonly called Senna belongs to the family Leguminosae and is a well-known laxative throughout the world. Senna is mostly found in Tirunelveli, Madurai, and Ramnathpuram districts of Tamil Nadu. Carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and amino acid are the important chemical constituents of C. angustifolia. The objectives of the present study are to investigate various pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of C. angustifolia.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values. Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The transverse section (T.S). of leaf showed isobilateral structure along with paracytic stomata, nonlignified unicellular trichomes with warty walls, and fibrovascular bundle. The fluorescence characteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents. Senna is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 11.23±0.25 w/w. The acid insoluble ash value was 1.4±0.1% w/w. Water soluble, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform extractive values were 16.6±0.26% w/w, 3.7±1.75% w/w, 0.83±0.05% w/w, 1.6±0.1% w/w, and 3.2±0.25% w/w, respectively.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of Bauhinia variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA L. ON BREAST CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: M Vaishali Rai , Pai Vinitha Ramanath , Kevin Samuel , Kedilaya Herga P
Published: July 2017

Objective: Species of Erythrina variegata L. is reported to be used in the treatment of cancer in traditional/folklore medicine which could be explored for their anticancer potential. We aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of crude extracts of the leaves of E. variegata with two solvents; explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity with the effective extract and correlation with the phytochemicals in the extract.Methods: The extracts with Erythrina variegata L methanol (EVM) and chloroform (EVC) as solvents were screened for cytotoxicity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. The effective extract was further evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells by nucleoprotein content estimation, and cell morphology was studied. High resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRLCMS) of EVM was done to find the phytochemical composition.Results: Among the two extracts, EVM was effective at an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 92 μg/ml and 143 μg/ml on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. At the IC50 value (143 μg/ml) the nucleoprotein content of the cells was 58.2%, and the apoptotic index was calculated to be 51.8%. EVM treated group showed significant morphological changes suggestive of apoptosis. HRLCMS revealed the presence of rutin, podocarpatriene, and cepharanthine which are known to be cytotoxic.Conclusion: This report is a contribution toward the validation of E. variegata as a potential source of anticancer agents.
Review Article: Various Biological Activities of Coumarin and Oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Jalhan Sunny
Published: July 2017

In this review article data is collected regarding the various derivatives of coumarin and oxadiazole as both these have wide range of biological activities and they can be further modified to synthesize more effective and potent drugs. Coumarin class of organic compounds consists of 1,2-benzopyrone ring system as a basic parent scaffold. These benzopyrones are subdivided into alpha-benzopyrones and gamma benzopyrones; with coumarin class of compounds belonging to alpha-benzopyrones. Since the last few years, coumarins were synthesized in many of their derivative forms. Their pharmacological, therapeutic and biochemical properties depend upon their pattern of substitution. Coumarins exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, which includes anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic, anti-helminthic, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activities. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole is a heterocyclic compound containing an oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms in a five-membered ring. It is derived from furan by substitution of two methylene groups (=CH) with two pyridine type nitrogens (-N=). There are three known isomers: 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole and 1,2,5- oxadiazole. Oxadiazole moiety shows antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity and suitably substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole having biological activities like antimicrobial, anticancer and other biological activities.
IN VITRO STUDIES TO ASSESS THE ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR) OKEN LEAVES
Authors: Muthukrishnan Soundararajan , T Sivakkumar
Published: July 2017

Objective: The aim of this research is to establish the antidiabetic properties of sequential extracts of Schleichera oleosa (lour) Oken leaves thru α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay.Methods: The extracts of S. oleosa (Lour) Oken were prepared by continuous hot percolating the dried powder of the plant leaves. The various solvents were used for the extraction and qualitative assay for the phytochemical test using standard protocols. Different concentration (1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of sequential extracts of S. oleosa leaves were used to assess the in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay by Bernfeld and Apostolidis method.Results: In the α-amylase assay, the ethanolic extract produced 52.76% inhibition at 4 mg/ml concentration, but in ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts case 50% inhibition attained only at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, and acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was found 89.24% inhibition. In the α-glucosidase assay, the all extracts show the decent inhibitory effect in 50 mg/ml. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited a higher inhibitory effect 72.64% and 59.44% than other extracts at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, respectively, while acarbose 0.9 mg/ml was producing 86.24% inhibition. This result indicates that the inhibition of ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the activity from α-amylase and α-glucosidases is much more potent than that of other extracts.Conclusion: This study revealed that ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed the high content of polyphenols and flavonoids, which was blamed for the α-amylase and α-glucosidases inhibition. Hence, it deserved to elucidate specific components and to evaluate the antidiabetic effect using in vivo animal model.
STUDY ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT EXTRACTS OF KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC 13313
Authors: Kusuma Sriagung Fitri , Mita Soraya R , Firdayani Indah , Mustarichie Resmi
Published: July 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Klutuk Banana (Musa balbisiana colla) fruit extracts against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313 and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: The simplisia of Klutuk banana fruit was extracted with ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using standard procedures. Determination thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the extract was performed using a thin layer plate. The antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by a serial microdilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done by subculturing the MIC result onto agar medium. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoids, quinones, and saponins. The TLC results prove the existence of flavonoids in the tested extract. The content of secondary metabolites that can act as an antibacterial, strengthen the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Klutuk banana against S. dysenteriae 13313 with MBC values in the range of 5-10%w/v. Potassium levels in the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits contain potassium as much as 2.919% (29 190 ppm).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits is more potent as antibacterial against S. dysenteriae than as potassium supplier in hypokalemia therapy.
HAEMOSTATIC EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Ageratum conyzoides L TO STRAINS OF MICE MALE SWISS WEBSTER INDUCED WITH COMBINATION OF ASPIRIN, CLOPIDOGREL AND ENOXAPARIN
Authors: Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Suhendy Hendy
Published: July 2017

Objective: Bleeding complications are a common concern with the use of combination of antiagregations and anticoagulant agents especially on acute coronary syndrome treatment. In selected situations such as life-threatening, reversing may be desired, but no specific antidotum for the newer agents such as enoxaparin, fondaparinux, levirudin, bivalirudin, and argatroban. Ageratum conyzoides L is a medicinal plants that have a hemostatic effect. The objective of the study is to know the hemostatic effect of A. conyzoides L to induction of acetosal, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin.Methods: A total of 20 mice are divided into five groups that are normal, negative, positive, Test I and II. There were no treatment for normal, induction of drugs combination for negative, induction of drugs combination and tranexamic acid for positive, induction of drugs combination and ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides L (100 mg/Kg BW) for Test I, induction of drugs combination and ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides L (250 mg/Kg BW) for Test II.Results: The Test Groups I and II showed reversing of clotting time to normal baseline and shown a significant difference (p<0.05) compared with the negative group. In addition, the Test Groups I and II showed significant difference (p<0.05) of bleeding time compared with the negative group and the Test II (250 mg/Kg BW) shown reversing of bleeding time to normal baseline.Conclusion: The hemostatic effect showed by ethanolic extract of A. conyzoides L to induction of combination acetosal, clopidogrel and enoxaparin are very valuable for reversing agent novel.
FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO-IN-VIVO EVALUATION OF ALGINATE-CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES OF GLIPIZIDE BY IONIC GELATION METHOD
Authors: Sharma Maya , Pk Choudhury , Dev Suresh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Objective: The present work is aimed to formulate and evaluate alginate-chitosan microspheres of glipizide for the effective use in the treatment of diabetes.Methods: Sustained release microspheres were prepared by gentle mixing of polymers in water phase with drug by agitation. The polymers used for preparation were sodium alginate and chitosan, which was extruded into 5% calcium chloride solution to produce microspheres by ionic gelation method.Results: Single unit dosage form of Glipizide causes gastric irritation. To convert it in to the multiple unit dosage form will release the drug evenly throughout the stomach which suppresses the irritation. The aim of study towards formulation and evaluation of alginate-chitosan microspheres, which can provide sustained release of the model drug. It shows better in-vitro and in-vivo activity than conventional dosage forms. The work also aims to study various parameters affecting the behavior of microspheres in oral dosage form. Conclusion:  Drugs that are simply absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and having a short half life are eliminated rapidly from the blood flow. To avoid this trouble, the oral sustained release (SR) has been developed as these will release the drug slowly in to the GIT and maintain a stable drug concentration in the serum for a longer period of time.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: Rao Karthik , Rao Gurukanth , Patil Navin , Ommurugan Balaji , Rao N R , Rao Jayaprakash , Nayak Satish
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE To study the incidence, age and sex distribution among adults, various modes of presentation, correlation between thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations and various modalities of treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a tertiary care hospital in India.MATERIALS AND METHODSProspective study consisting of 4o cases of ITP admitted to Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal from November 2005 to March 2007. Patients above 14 years of age admitted with thrombocytopenia in this institution were screened based on detailed clinical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations.RESULTSThe maximum incidence was in the 3 rd decade of life accounting for 27.5% of the patients. Ratio of male to female was 1:1.9 with female preponderance. Females in 3 rd decade had maximum incidence while males in 4th decade have maximum incidence. Majority 12 (85.71%) of male patients and 15(57.69%) of female patients  developed purpura during the course of disease. The mean count was 17.8X109/L with range between 2.0 X109/L to 76 X109/L. Cutaneous bleeding spots were found to be assosiated with counts above 25000X109/L and hematuria with lowest counts around 4000 X109/L. 20 (50%) of the above 40 patients responded to corticposteroids alone and did not have any further relapse. Among the remaining patients 3 (7.5%) had a relapse of symptoms within next 6 months and responded to repeat prednisolone started at 1mg/kg. 2 (5%) patients were given steroids tapering dose with IV Immune globulins for initial 5 days as therapy to which they responded.CONCLUSIONIdiopathic thrombocytopenia is 1.9 times more common in females than males. Most common presentation is bleeding spots over body. Bleeding manifestations are more common with thrombocytopenia less than 30000/mm3. Corticosteroids are the mainstay in treatment. Complete remission is seen in up to 57.5% of the patients. Splenectomy is the second modality of treatment in ITP. Complete and sustained remission is seen 75% of patients.
PHARMACOVIGILANCE OF RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST-INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Sd Inbaraj , R Sidhu Ganesh , Ns Muthiah
Published: July 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the nature and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to radiographic contrast media (oral and intravenous) reported during a 1½ years’ period in a tertiary care hospital in South India.Methods: The study was an observational prospective study of ADRs to radiographic contrast media (oral and intravenous) observed during a period of 1½ years from July 2014 to October 2015 in Department of Radio Diagnosis at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet. The observations were analyzed for demographic profile, frequency, severity, causality, and temporal relationship of contrast administration to the occurrence of ADRs.Results: A total of 33 ADRs were observed for oral and intravenous radiographic contrast media administered for radiographic study for the above-mentioned period. It included 17 (51.5%) males and 16 (48.5%) females. Among the 33 ADRs, 19 (57%) were for oral and intravenous radiographic contrast and 14 (42%) for intravenous radiographic contrast alone. The most frequent ADRs were vomiting and nausea 16 (48%), skin rashes 9 (27%), and thrombophlebitis 9 (27%). As per Naranjo’s algorithm and WHO causality assessment, all reactions are probable except in one patient who received intravenous contrast administration was possible. According to the Hartwig severity scale, 23 (69%) reactions were mild, 7 (21%) reactions were moderate, and 3 (9%) reactions were severe. There was no fatality observed. Adverse events required immediate treatment in 22 (66%). Most of the reactions, i.e., 21 (63%) appeared immediately after contrast administration. 12 (36%) reactions appeared within next 30 minutes after contrast administration.Conclusion: The common adverse reactions to radiographic contrast were mild in severity such as nausea, vomiting, skin rashes, and giddiness. Most of the reactions occur immediately after administration of contrast. The causality of majority of the ADRs is probable. Pharmacovigilance is an important tool in detection, reporting and thereby preventing ADRs due to radiographic contrast media.