bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JUDICIARY REFORM IN BRAZIL AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUSTICE: IMPROVING COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN OFFENDER TREATMENT
Authors: Fontes Márcio Schiefler
Published: July 2018

This paper intends to provide an overview of the Brazilian judicial system, its recent reform, and how the National Council of Justice (whose creation was the major goal of that reform) started to address the issues of improving the efficiency of criminal justice and increasing the use of alternatives to detention and imprisonment. The concept behind applying and enforcing convictions aims to remove the convict from society, to avoid further harm, allowing the prisoner to return to society after they have reabsorbed social values. The current challenge facing prison systems is to foster effective methods of rehabilitating and reintegrating these people into society, so that they are capable of living in society when they have finished their sentences. Community involvement in offender treatment is a current worldwide trend that has found the desirable echo in important initiatives championed by the National Council of Justice.
INTERNATIONAL REACH OF SECURITIES REGULATION: A COMPARATIVE VIEW ON BRAZILIAN AND U.S. LAW
Authors: Reis Gabriel Valente dos
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the international reach of securities regulation, focusing on the Brazilian and U.S. experiences in this field. The aim is to provide the reader with a view on how the issue first developed in the U.S. (and how the U.S. Supreme Court has recently changed, in part, the U.S. solution) and on how Brazilian Law, on its part, addresses regulation of transnational securities markets – mentioning particularly a landmark Administrative Enforcement Proceeding judged by the Brazilian regulatory authority (CVM).
PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Mussi Cristiane Miziara , Pinto Marcos Roberto
Published: July 2018

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget.
FREEDOM OF PRESS AND JUDICIARY CENSORSHIP IN BRAZIL
Authors: Guedes Marco Aurelio Peri
Published: July 2018

This paper intends to provide an overview on freedom of press under the 1988 Brazilian constitution. Despite living the longest democratic term of Brazilian history – twenty seven years so far, the constitutional and democratic project are under a clear and present threat, this time coming from an unsuspicious player in the democratic game: the judiciary branch of the state. The 2009 Estado de São Paulo case reflects how such threat has been identified by some justices belonging to the Brazilian supreme court – the S.T.F. - committed with a democratic and constitutional culture. The threat is scattered all over the land, coming from individual members and sometimes from several states´ appeal courts of both state or federal degrees. Either we enjoy plainfully the fundamental rights or we do not live in an actual democracy, in the western liberal and bourgeois concept of it. Becoming aware of it, rising up legal resistance against such threat and spreading the news for the whole citizenship is a necessary step to consolidate democracy in Brazil and to push away authoritarian political regimes.
PATENTS ON GENE SEQUENCES
Authors: Cerda Clarisse de la
Published: July 2018

The patents on gene sequences are a controversial theme in the setting of intellectual property. The discussion revolves around the supposed inventiveness of these genetic materials: would they be considered true inventions or mere discoveries? It is certain that there is no unanimity of treatment. This study sought to systematize the patentability on genetic materials, under the decision on the Myriad Case, decided by the U. S. Supreme Court. Also, an analysis of the Brazilian legislation was necessary, as well as an understanding of the Brazilian Patent Office’s practice. Considerations were made regarding whether the protection of biotechnological inventions is necessary, pondering the mandatory social purpose of the scientific and technological development established by the Brazilian Constitution.
LA CONDITION DE L’ÉTRANGER DANS LA CONSTITUTION BRÉSILIENNE DE 1988
Authors: Tiburcio Carmen
Published: July 2018

Cet article examine le traitement de la condition juridique des étrangers à la lumière de la Constitution brésilienne, ainsi que la discipline historique de la matière dans les Chartes constitutionnelles antérieures. Le travail aussi compare la législation en vigueur avec les conventions internationales existantes et avec des principes de droit international, afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure notre Charte actuelle est en conformité avec le droit international.
NEW TRENDS IN MIGRATORY AND REFUGEE LAW IN BRAZIL: THE EXPANDED REFUGEE DEFINITION
Authors: Tinker Catherine , Sartoretto Laura Madrid
Published: July 2018

This paper aims to explore new trends in Brazilian refugee and migratory law in the last 20 years. In doing so it addresses the evolution of the definition of “refugee” in Brazil, expanding the eligibility grounds provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention). Reviewing international and regional refugee law, the article analyzes the broader understanding of the notion of “refuge” and its complexity expressed in regional and national legal frameworks, taking account of lawyers, scholars and activists who criticize the narrow scope of the classical refugee definition from 1951 which has become distant from current refugee voices and struggles. At the domestic level, although the 1980 Aliens Statute (Act. n. 6815/80) is still in effect, there have been important changes in refugee law in Brazil since the implementation of the 1997 Refugee Statute (Act n. 9.474/97), influenced by the 1984 Cartagena Declaration (a regional soft law instrument) regarding the definition of “refugee”. Exploring the interconnection of the Refugee Statute and complementary forms of human rights protection which fall outside the scope of international refugee law, the article concludes that in the specific case of Haitians in Brazil, the broader protections of Brazilianrefugee law should be available rather than the complementary systemof humanitarian visas.
LE NEOCONSTITUTIONNALISME AU BRÉSIL : VERS L’EFFECTIVITE DES DROITS SOCIAUX ET LA LUTTE CONTRE LA CORRUPTION
Authors: Sarmento George
Published: July 2018

L’effectivité des droits sociaux est le principal défi du constitutionalisme brésilien. Pour le surmonter, il faut combattre la corruption dans la gestion de l’Etat et la crise de confiance. Cette étude consiste à prouver que la loi contre le manquement à l’obligation de probité publique constitue l’un des plus importants instruments légaux pour l’Etat démocratique de droit au Brésil. C’est par la Loi qu’il est possible de rendre viable la bonne gouvernance, de rétablir la confiance populaire dans les institutions d’État, d’améliorer la distribution des revenus, de donner davantage d’efficience aux services publics et aux politiques sociales, en plus de sauvegarder la dignité et l’estime de soi de la personne humaine.
THE BRAZILIAN ‘ECOLOGICAL-ICMS’: A PES SCHEME BASED ON DISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUE
Authors: Bassani Matheus Linck
Published: July 2018

The scope of this legal brief is to analyze the Brazilian legislation concerning the ‘Ecological-ICMS’, the ‘ecological’ State value-added tax imposed on the circulation of goods and services – ICMS. Using a deductive method, it was identified this tax mechanism operates as a type of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ (PES) scheme in practice, offering the possibility to stimulate environmental protection by distributing revenue from ICMS collected by States to Municipalities that promote conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. This type of measure was motivated by the need to address challenges in providing economic compensation for Municipalities that undertook environmental protection measures in Brazil, and can serve as a form of positive incentive for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
LA PERSONNE MORALE SELON LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVÉ BRÉSILIEN ACTUEL
Authors: Tiburcio Carmen
Published: July 2018

Pour déterminer la nationalité des personnes morales, il faut déterminer certains critères. Le Droit International Privé reconnu trois, qui sont: i) de l’incorporation; ii) du siège social; et iii) du contrôle. Au Brésil, il est adopté le critère de l´incorporation.  En conséquence, une société brésilienne est celle qui a été incorporé au Brésil et qui a son siège administratif dans ce pays. La juridiction brésilienne sera alors compétente pour juger de ce qui se réfèrent à des entreprises brésiliennes, mais pas seulement pour eux. Les tribunaux brésiliens peuvent également juger les personnes morales étrangères qui y ont une agence, une filiale ou une succursale au Brésil.
HUMAN RIGHTS, INEQUALITY AND PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION: A CASE STUDY ON SANITATION FROM BRAZIL
Authors: Barcellos Ana Paula , Castro Marcia , Moura Ricardo
Published: July 2018

Disaggregated data on the relative success of the UN millennium goals made clear that the progress achieved in many countries, Brazil included, was not equitable, positioning the question “How to address inequalities?” as the next pressing challenge in human rights. Public law litigation could be regarded as a tool to reduce inequality, particularly in Brazil, given a unique institution of its legal system, the Public Prosecutors Office. This paper uses public interest litigation discussing access to sanitation services to test this hypothesis. In 2013, only 58.2% of the households had access to sanitation, with significant regional inequality in coverage. Boolean analysis was applied to assess court orders (2003-2013) and results showed a disconnect between litigation and demand for sanitation, indicating that areas that were better off in various social and economic indicators were the ones receiving attention. The paper suggests reflections on how public interest litigation could target those most in need.
LES DEFIS DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC CONTEMPORAIN
Authors: Galvão Vivianny Kelly
Published: July 2018

Les discours purement rhétorique par les États ne seront retranchés des relations internationales, comme le prouve lorsque la participation de l’individu dans ces relations est le fait efficace. En fin de compte, il y a encore de nombreux obstacles à des préjugés politiques et juridiques. Par conséquent, le principe de la prévalence des droits de l’homme est apparue comme une véritable ligne directrice du comportement de l’État, que ce soit au niveau international, que ce soit en interne. En raison du principe de la prévalence des droits de l’homme sont nés en droit international, ce qui lui donne le statut de primate norme sur le droit interne, comme le montre. La primauté du droit international sur le droit national résulte de la force obligatoire des normes créées par les sujets DIP dans la société internationale. Cependant, la nature juridique de ce principe était au-delà des règles « typiques » du droit international, on a vu que sa pertinence normatif axé sur les besoins historiques et sociaux pour protéger les droits de l’homme soulevées à la catégorie des jus cogens. Il a été démontré que la force probante signifie l’imposition au-delà de la volonté des Etats comme le manque d’intérêt des États à l’égard des droits de l’homme reste visible à travers les nombreuses condamnations dans les tribunaux internationaux des droits, sans parler des plaintes aux organes compétents.
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN BRAZIL: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Authors: Tiburcio Carmen
Published: July 2018

The paper is intended to provide an overview of Private International Law in Brazil. With this purpose, it presents in broad lines the subject matters of the discipline, undertaking, whenever possible, comparisons with the contours given to it in the United States. In sum, the text deals with the acquisition of Brazilian nationality, the status of aliens, the determination of the applicable legislation to legal relationships with international connections – which includes the exam of Brazilian connecting rules and principles of Private International Law – and the exercise of Brazilian jurisdiction.
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF MEDIATION IN BRAZILIAN LAW
Authors: Pinho Humberto Dalla
Published: July 2018

The text analyzes the introduction and evolution of the legislative treatment given to the institute of mediation in Brazilian law, from Bill No. 4,827/98 up to the Bills of the Ministry of Justice (ENAM) and the Federal Senate. Along the way we also examine the text of the Project for a new CPC (Code of Civil Procedure) and Resolution No. 125/10 from the National Council of Justice. At the end the principal aspects and trends for our legal system are set out.
THE BRAZILIAN JUDICIARY AS AN ORGAN OF POLITICAL CONTROL
Authors: Grinover Ada Pellegrini , Spínola Grasielly
Published: July 2018

The fruition of fundamental rights like healthcare, education, worthy housing and work is directly related to the creation and implantation of universal and egalitarian public policies by the Congress and the Public Administration. In the cases where the existing public policies are shown to be insufficient, inadequate or do not achieve the fundamental goals of the Federative Republic of Brazil, it arises the need of the action of the jurisdictional function to control the constitutionality over these public policies. In Brazil, this control is made both by direct way, by means of its own constitutional actions, and by diffuse way, by means of collective actions interposed in first instances courts. In this context, the enforcement of the liberal theories like Montesquieu’s Separation of Powers and the Intangibility of the Discretionary Activities reveal themselves incoherent with the Democratic Rule-of-the-Law State. In another way, the jurisdictional action is limited by the Reasonableness, by the Possible Reserve and by the Existential Minimum, and can also find some obstacles in the individual actions that end up influencing the public policies. Therefore, there is a great effort to colectivizing individual actions by Brazilian schoolars. Another problem is the difficulty of Judical Power in using the adequate procedural class action. It will be analyzed one specific decisions made by the Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo about the jurisdictional control of public policies related to the autistic people, with a goal to point out a direction to the improvement of the jurisdictional tutelage in terms of effectiveness and adequacy.
LA QUESTION DES DROITS HUMAINS COMME PRECEPTES OCCIDENTAUX
Authors: Galvão Vivianny Kelly
Published: July 2018

Où nait la force des droits humains ? Les droits humains qui devront prévaloir représenteront-ils toujours la protection d’un attribut universel présent en tout être humain ? Ou bien ces standards devront-ils dépendre de la culture ou du groupe social de la personne humaine ? Tandis que certains manifestent la préoccupation concernant la limitation des recours à la critique et à la justification de la diversité des codes moraux, d’autres jugent illégitime (et improbable) la recherche de normes extensives à tous – qui que ce soit, où que ce soit. Les normes morales ne s’acquièrent qu’au sein de la structure sociale, autrement dit, dans l’ensemble particulier des restrictions physiques et sociales ? Et les raisons qu’elles ont pour justifier leurs normes ne seront-elles impositives qu’à ceux qui partagent la même condition ? Nombreuses sont les questions concernant l’étendue des droits humains. La reconnaissance légale est condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante, à la pleine jouissance des droits. Même ainsi, de nos jours il n’est pas nécessaire de recourir à des arguments moraux comme uniques raisons pour dénoncer l’illégitimité de quelque législation et de certaines décisions d’État. L’ouverture à des discussions relatives aux meilleures méthodes pour organiser les sociétés politiques et civiles est le signe essentiel à la promulgation légale des droits humains. La méthodologie utilisée était quantitative, la méthode d’approche inductive, la méthode de procédure historique, parmi les plus importants.
LA OBLIGACIÓN INTERAMERICANA DE INVESTIGAR Y LA RESPUESTA BRASILEÑA
Authors: Veado Luiza Drummond
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo analiza la obligación de investigar violaciones de Derechos Humanos dictadas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en los casos en los cuales fue parte Brasil. De esta manera, son analizados los casos brasileños que fueron juzgados por la Corte Interamericana, las sentencias en específico y, cuando existentes, las Resoluciones de Cumplimiento de Sentencia. A través de dicha análisis, se concluyó que las condenas relacionadas a la obligación de investigar dictadas por la Corte Interamericana no llevaron a una grane actuación en el ámbito interno por parte del Estado brasileño.
DEMOCRACY AND JUSTICIABILITY OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION – THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ranieri Nina Beatriz
Published: July 2018

Democratic regimes establish themselves to the extent to which they are accepted by the majority of the population living under them. This acceptance is translated into a knowledge of and trust in their respective political and legal institutions. Quality education is relevant to democratic governance and citizenship building, as it provides access to the cognitive tools needed for significant political participation. This paper analyzes the interactions between democracy and quality education in the light of judicial proceedings being applied to the right to education, focusing on Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) activities in the period between 2000 and 2010.
Evaluation of the Effects of Administration of Aqueous Root Extract of Chrysophylum albidum on Fertility in Male Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Eseohe Oigbochie Vennessa , Oghosa Osarumwense Marvellous , Enoghense Odiase Daniel , Kingsley Omage
Published: July 2018

This study evaluated the effects of administration of aqueous root extracts ofChrysophyllumalbidumon sperm characteristics and histology of the epididymis of experimental rats. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups of 15 rats each. Each group was further randomized into 3 subgroups of 5 rats each, according to the dose and duration of extract administration. Administration of the extract for 8 weeks resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decreases in the number of progressively motile sperm cells of rats in subgroup B3 (75.00 ± 0.00 %) and C3 (75.00 ± 0.00 %) as compared with the control subgroup A3 (80.00 ± 0.00 %). Also, there were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the number of morphologically normal sperm cells of rats in test subgroups B3 treated with low dose and C3 treated with high dose. However, there were no significant histological changes in the epididymis of the experimental rats in all the treated groups, at different doses and duration. Administration of aqueous root extract ofChrysophyllumalbidiumat varying doses and time duration negatively affects sperm motility and morphology which may compromise the fertility of the experimental rats.
Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Quantification of Solanesol in Various Parts of Nicotiana tabacum Collected from Different Geographical Regions of India
Authors: Kaushik Sunil , Asif Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Solanesol is the starting material for many high value biochemicals, including Co-enzyme Q10 and vitamin-K analogues. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a reliable and fast analytical procedure for the determination of solanesol in Nicotianatabacum using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The method was developed on TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 using solvent system hexane: ethyl acetate (5:1, v/v), which gives compact spot of solanesol (Rf value 0.41 ± 0.02). Densitometric analysis of solanesol was carried out in the absorbance mode at 210 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed good linear relationship with r = 0.9978 with respect to peak area, in the concentration rang 100-5000 ng per spot of solanesol. The limit of detection and quantification were 13 and 30 ng per spot, respectively. The proposed method was applied for quantitative estimation of solanesol in different parts of Nicotianatabacum from different geographical regions in India, which showed that maximum amount of solanesol was found to be present in leaf sample collected from Karnataka i.e. 3.52 mg/g. Statistical analysis proved that the method is repeatable, selective and accurate for the estimation of solanesol in Nicotianatabacum.
Influence of Salt Stress on Proline and Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Umar Ja'afar , Aliyu Adamu , Shehu Kasimu , Abubakar Lawal
Published: July 2018

Many plants accumulate high levels of free proline content (pro) and glycine betaine (GB) in response to abiotic stress, Pro and GB act as an osmoprotectant. Generally, these levels are high than those required to be used in protein synthesis. Salinity inhibition of plant growth is the result of osmotic and ionic effect and different plant species have developed different mechanisms to cope with those effects. In this study, accumulation of osmolytes of twenty tomato genotypes was evaluated in response to salinity stress. The seedlings of each genotype were divided into three groups, Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in irrigation water to make variant concentration of 30 and 60 mg/L of salt concentration using electrical conductivity meter which were used to water the plants. Level of free proline and glycine betaine were measured. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance using SPSS (20) Statistical Software. Dry mass accumulation decreased with increased salt concentration in all the genotypes. However, the result differ significantly (P< 0.05). The highest dry mass accumulations at control were recorded on Tropimech and Giofranco F. with 6.00 and 5.97. The lowest dry mass accumulations were recorded on plant treated with 60mg/L of salt. Dangainakawa recorded the least accumulation of dry mass on plants treated with 60mg/l of salt with 0.90g followed by Dan Gombe with 1.47g respectively. The highest free proline content of 1.46 µmolg-1was recorded on Dan gainakawa at plant treated with 60 mg/L of NaCl. The lowest proline content was recorded at control on Giofranco F. with 0.17 µmolg-1The highest GB content in all the plants were recorded at plants treated with 60 mg/L. However, the highest GB content (1.67) among the 20 (P<0.05) were recorded at 60 mg/L in Rio Grande followed by Bahaushe with 1.50 µmolg-1. In conclusion, GB and Pro are osmoregulators produced by tomato in response to stress so as to alleviate the consequence effects of salt stress.
Application of Different Organic Acids on Phosphorus Solubility from Rock Phosphate
Authors: Jamal Aftab , Khan Azam , Sharif Muhammad , Jamal Hifsa
Published: July 2018

An incubation experiment was conducted on P solubilization from rock phosphate (RP) through different organic acids such as oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, humic acid and sulphur in the laboratory of the Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, KP Agricultural University Peshawar during fall 2011. The experiment was laid in a complete randomize design. There were three replications with six treatments. The organic acids were used at the rate of 2 % for 50 g RP in 250 ml conical flasks. These samples were kept in an incubator at 250c for four months and analysed for Mehlic-3 extractable P and pH values after 20 days interval. Statiscal analyses were made and maximum P concentration of 1.52% was observed in the treatment of oxalic acid mixed with RP followed by the treatments of RP mixed with humic acid with P concentration of 0.368% (Fig. 1). Rapid increases in P solubility from RP by mixing with oxalic acids were noted up to 60thdays of incubation period and then remained stable after this period. Solubilization of P from RP by mixing with other organic acids was inconsistent. The pH in treatment of citric acid mixed with RP was noted as 5.64, followed by the treatments of oxalic acid with pH values of 6.31. A dramatic increase in pH value of 9.33 was observed in the treatment of RP mixed with humic acid. It is because the humic acid contains sodium salt and sodium hummate causes increase in its pH values.
The Biocultural System of the Native Corn Zapalote chico in the Tehuantepec Isthmus (Mexico)
Authors: Nuricumbo Linares Alejandro , López Iglesias Edelmiro , Simal-Gándara Jesús , Gómez Suárez Águeda
Published: July 2018

In this work, we characterized the food-processing system used by the population of the Tehuantepec Isthmus (Mexico), largely of zapotec origin. Also, we examined the relationship of the system to the native cornzapalotechico, and assessed its potential for retaining its food sovereignty. For this purpose, we performed extensive empirical fieldwork involving peasant and consumer surveys, and also on interviews with key local informants. Based on the results, the native cereal, which accounts for more than one half of the food intake for the locals, is cropped by a high proportion of peasants in the region. As confirmed here, this native variety is used to produce a wide variety of highly complex and diverse foods that remain the dietary basis for the isthmian population as a legacy of the pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican counterfoil. Available empirical evidence suggests that this food system, linked to the cereal’s biocultural model, has allowed the population to retain a high level of food sovereignty or autonomy.
Challenges of Population Growth on Agricultural Land in South Eastern Coastal Areas of Ampara District in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kaleel M.I.M.
Published: July 2018

Rapid population growth is a global concern, particularly in developing countries.  It has become challengeable in the backdrop of the availability of agricultural land. The coastal areas of Ampara District are densely populated and that during the post tsunami and post war periods, the new settlements increased rapidly in these areas. This new phenomenon caused a series of problems including the demand for agricultural areas being increased and the lands filled for the purpose of re-settlement and constructions. This study explores a) to find the challenges of population growth on the availability of agricultural lands, b) to find the correlation between population growth and the loss of agricultural lands, and c) to provide strategies to manage the land use for the sustainable development. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. For this purpose, by using GIS 10.5 software, land use map was created to delineate the contrasts between the agricultural areas and built up land. The finding of the study revealed that the rapid population growth in the coastal areas of Ampara District has negatively impacted on the availability of the agricultural land.
Combined Genetic Analysis of Brown Spot (Helminthosporium oryzae) Disease for Developed Hybrid Combinations and their Parental Lines in Hybrid Rice
Authors: Elshenawy Mostafa Mamdouh , Elgamal Walid Hassan , Anis Galal Bakr , Awad Fatma
Published: July 2018

This experiment was carried out at the Farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during three rice grown seasons from 2014-2016. Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines, two wild abortive type (WA); IR69625A, IR70368A and one (K-type) K17A as females were tested with seven rice genotypes Giza 178, Giza 179, Giza 181,Giza 182, Sakha 105, GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1 and HR195R as testers using line x tester model of hybridization. The parental lines and their resulting (21F1crosses) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment having three replications during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons and surrounded by susceptible rice varieties i.e. Giza 171, Giza 177 and Giza 159 as natural infection to brown spot (Helminthosporium oryzae). Three brown spot acceptability traits; disease severity (%), infected leaves (%) and infected grains/panicle (%) were observed during this investigation. The combined data was calculated over both seasons to test the interaction of the different genetic components. According to the results, the male parents Giza178, Giza179, HR195, Giza 181 and Giza 182 could be utilized either for producing new hybrid combinations or for developing new parental lines in brown spot resistance program. The female line K17A was found to have a good combiner to brown spot resistance. Evaluation of hybrids for heterosis breeding based on mean performance, better-parent (BP %) and mid-parent heterosis (MP %) indicated that, out of 21F1hybrid rice combinations, one hybrid K17A x Giza182 found significantly desirable values for most brown spot traits and can be utilized as commercial hybrids resistant to brown spot disease.
Influence of Sprouting on Proximate and Sensory Properties of Gworo (Cola nitida) and Ojigbo (Cola acuminata) Kola Nuts
Authors: Okwunodulu Innocent N. , Ukeje S.C.
Published: July 2018

Influence of sprouting on proximate and sensory properties ofgworo(oji-housa) (Colanitida) andojigbo(Colaacuminate) kola nuts were explored. The two varieties of kola nuts were sprouted at ambient temperature (25 to 32°C) for 4 weeks separately in a regularly moistened serviette wrapped with black polyethylene. Both proximate and sensory properties were conducted before and after sprouting on the mash prepared separately from them. Proximate composition showed that moisture content, ash and protein increased, while fat, crude fiber and carbohydrate decreased with sprouting in both varieties of kola nuts. Sproutedojigbokola nut had higher moisture content (56.80%), ash (2.25%), and fat (2.90%) than sproutedgworowith respective 50.18%, 1.90% and1.40% for moisture, ash and fat. Also, un-sproutedojigbohad higher moisture (47.00%), ash (2.03%) and fat (6.44%) as against respective 43.10%, 1.50% and 4.44% from un-sproutedgworofor moisture, ash and fat. Un-sproutedgworohad higher protein (5.95%), fiber (7.27%) and carbohydrate (37.75%) as against 5.33%, 6.80% and 32.42% from un-sproutedojigbokola nut for protein, fiber and carbohydrate. Similarly, sproutedgworohad higher protein (6.65%), fiber (6.60%) and carbohydrate (32.65%) than respective 6.30%, 5.30% and 26.45% from sproutedojigbo. Sensory scores showed that sprouting reduced all the sensory attributes evaluated in bothgworoandojigbo.Colour was reduced from 6.60 to 5.50 and 5.85 to 5.65 respectively in un-sproutedgworoand sproutedojigbo.Also, crispness was reduced from 6.55 to 5.95 and 6.55 to 5.45 respectively from un-sproutedgworoand sproutedojigbokola nuts. Bitterness was reduced from 6.05 to 5.85 and 6.40 to 5.25 respectively from un-sproutedgworoto sproutedojigbo. Similarly, general acceptability was reduced from 6.55 to 5.35 in un-sproutedgworoand sproutedojigbowhile acceptability reduction of 6.10 to 5.40 was obtained in un-sprouted and sproutedojigbokola nuts respectively.
Surgical anatomy of cricothyroid membrane with reference to airway surgeries in North Indian population: a cadaveric study’
Authors: Anand Viswanathan , Sharma Harikesh , Sethi Ashwani , Sahoo Satyanjaya
Published: July 2018

Background: Surgical cricothyroidotomy is used to rapidly gain entry into the subglottic airway by creating an opening in cricothyroid membrane. The size and position of cricothyroid membrane is variable depending on racial characteristics of the individual. Statistics regarding dimensions of cricothyroid membrane has been documented extensively in Caucasian race. This study aims to augment the meagre information available on the Indian population on this important part of upper airway.

Methods: Morphometric cadaveric analysis done in tertiary health care centre. 39 adult human cadaveric larynges were obtained for this study. Using electronic Vernier caliper, different dimensions of cricothyroid membrane and depth of subglottis were noted down in predesigned proforma in standard office software. Data obtained was collated and compared with existing literature.  

Results: The average dimensions of cricothyroid space and cricothyroid membrane were uniformly larger in males compared to females. Mean middle width F: 10.92±1.57 mm, M: 13.84±2.54 mm; mean height F: 7.26±1.82 mm, M: 9.61±1.86 mm; mean thickness F: 2.89±0.22 mm, M: 4.53±0.92 mm and mean subglottic depth F: 17.24±2.09 mm, M: 21.94±2.93 mm.

Conclusions: Inter specimen disparity was noted. As cricothyroid membrane is smaller in Indian population compared to Caucasian population, ET tubes size 3.0 to 5.0 in females and 4.0 to 6.0 in males are suggested for use for cricothyroidotomy. Oversized tubes are known to cause dysphonia, laryngeal damage and subglottic stenosis.
Cadena de comercialización del cacao nacional en la provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador
Authors: Morales Intriago Fátima Lourdes , Carrillo Zenteno Manuel Danilo , Ferreira Neto José Ambrosio , Peña Galeas Mayra Mercedes , Briones Caicedo Wilson Roberto , Albán Moyano Miriam Noemí
Published: July 2018

La producción de cacao en Ecuador es un rubro de gran importancia, genera significativas fuentes de ingresos económicos y brinda trabajo a miles de personas. El cacao Tipo Nacional conocido también como “Arriba” es producido por pequeños agricultores quienes comercializan con intermediarios, esta es una práctica habitual en el país y la provincia de Los Ríos no está al margen de esta situación. El objetivo general del trabajo fue analizar la comercialización de cacao tipo Nacional en la provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador. De manera específica se buscó identificar, analizar y discutir los principales canales de comercialización que manejan los pequeños productores. El trabajo expresa la necesidad de intervención del Estado para que el productor comercialice directamente su producto; además, puede contribuir a un empoderamiento de los productores respecto a la comercialización del cacao. Se colectaron datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. En el trabajo de campo se realizaron entrevistas a pequeños productores, revisiones bibliográficas con fundamentos teóricos e información sobre comercialización de cacao que ayudaron a comprender e interpretar los datos obtenidos. Los resultados mostraron que los pequeños productores de cacao tipo Nacional comercializan su producto por medio de intermediarios, siendo estos junto con los exportadores quienes se benefician del premio por calidad que debería ser para los pequeños productores. Se concluye que los agricultores que comercializan el cacao por medio de asociaciones reciben un valor mayor al que paga el intermediario y en estos casos, son las asociaciones quienes brindan asesoramiento e información técnica actualizada.
Ecuaciones alométricas para estimar tasas de crecimiento de Myroxylon balsamum, Minquartia guianensis y Otoba parvifolia en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: López-Tobar Rolando , Baque Renato , Solano Edison , Belezaca Carlos , Neill David , Torres Bolier
Published: July 2018

La evaluación del análisis de las tasas de crecimiento de las especies forestales Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms (Bálsamo) y Minquartia guianensis Aubl. (Guayacán negro) y Otoba parvifolia (Doncel) establecidas en rodales de investigación en la Estación Científica Jatun Sacha (ECJS), con una edad de 20 años, fue el motivo principal de esta investigación. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se encontró que el Bálsamo necesita 59 años para alcanzar los 60 centímetros de Diámetro Mínimo de Corta (DMC), que está determinado por el Acuerdo Ministerial 039 del Ministerio del Ambiente, el Guayacán negro Huambula, necesita 69 años para llegar a los 40 centímetros de diámetro, mientras que el Doncel necesita 27 años para obtener 50 cm de diámetro.
An in silico comparative genomic report on transcription factors in three Arabidopsis species
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Mehdi , Pooralinaghi Mahtab , Villamar Torres Ronald Oswaldo
Published: July 2018

Transcription factors (TF) are the elements, which regulate gene expression. Regulatory function of TFs play an important role in plant biological processes and mechanisms. They may interconnect with other transcription factors or functional genes to modulate their expression in response to an internal/external factor like life cycle stage, growth, development and stress. Arabidopsis is the well-known and the most used model organism. Transcription factors of three Arabidopsis species including A. halleri, A. lyrata and A. thaliana, were compared. basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) with 220 TFs was the most abundant family among three Arabidopsis species while MYB and MYB related families considering as a whole group were more than bHLH with 308 TFs. No STERILE APETALA (SAP) TF homolog was found for A.halleri.  The common transcription factors among three species were 4,172 grouped in 1,212 clusters. The species-specific clustered TFs were 12, 30 and 58 for A. halleri, A. lyrata and A. thaliana respectively. Eight hundred ninety two single-copy gene clusters those have one gene copy from each species, i.e. 2,676 genes, were listed. Four hundred forty five TF singletons were not clustered and are unique among three species. For clustered TF belonging to each species, GO terms and SwissProt hits showed that A. halleri has two species-specific TFs involved in heavy metal response including Zinc finger protein AZF2 and two-component response regulator ARR11 while for A. lyrata specific TFs are involved in stress response and plant development. A. thaliana specific clustered TFs work on plant flower development and acclimation.
Distribución espacial de Elasmobranquios en la costa continental ecuatoriana
Authors: Moreno Ana , Díaz-Ponce Mariela , Acosta-Farías Milena , Jimenez Edwin , Saltos Jorge , Neira Jorge
Published: July 2018

Durante siglos, los pescadores practicaron de manera sostenible la pesca de tiburón en aguas costeras del Ecuador; aunque se dispone de poca información en cuanto a las capturas y estado de las especies, la presente investigación se planteó como objetivos determinar, a través del cálculo de la riqueza ecológica, las especies distribuidas en un área que abarca desde el norte de Manta en la provincia de Manabí (00059.92´S - 80053.93´W) hasta la frontera sur del Ecuador (03º23.10´S - 80027.60´W) y su relación espacial entre las capturas, mediante cruceros oceanográficos desde noviembre de 1994 hasta julio de 1999, utilizando redes de arrastre camaroneros en un recorrido por tres estratos de profundidad; el estrato I (10 a 30 m), el II (31 a 80 m) y el III (81 a 200m); cuyo fin fue determinar las variables de volúmenes de capturas y la incidencia de las redes de arrastre, como uno de los mayores problemas medioambientales que puede provocar afectaciones a la estructura y funcionamiento de los sistemas marinos y a sus poblaciones, a nivel de comunidades y de ecosistemas, agravadas por el incumplimiento de las medidas de control y ordenamiento. Los volúmenes de pesca por estratos, el Golfo de Guayaquil, fue el sitio con mayor número de especies recolectadas por los cruceros de exploración. Estos datos servirán de base para la elaboración y soporte del plan nacional de manejo y conservación de tiburones para aguas ecuatorianas.
Esfera pública virtual. Una lectura política y comunicacional de lo público en la web
Authors: Vázquez Mariano
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo indaga en el desarrollo teórico de la esfera pública virtual (EPV). Para responder a ello, el artículo se enfoca en la génesis de la esfera pública, las publicaciones en las redes sociales y la sutura biográfica, el doble estatuto de lo público en la EPV, la tensión entre valores de uso y valores de cambio, qué es lo virtual de la EPV, y concluye con un acotado apéndice sobre trolls y posverdad. La EPV es un modo de abordaje de las interacciones en la web que fue desarrollado en el marco de una tesis de doctorado para estudiar las manifestaciones realizadas en 2012 contra el proyecto de megaminería a cielo abierto impulsado por la gobernación de la provincia de La Rioja, Argentina, y por la empresa canadiense Osisko Mining Corporation. Este trabajo utiliza el estudio del caso “El Famatina no se toca” para revisar la construcción de la EPV.
La esfera pública habermasiana. Su obsolescencia en tiempos de nuevas plataformas digitales
Authors: Castrelo Víctor
Published: July 2018

En este artículo nos proponemos realizar una revisión de la noción de esfera pública en la teoría de Jürgen Habermas. Nos interesa, por un lado, dar cuenta del vínculo entre su modelo de democracia deliberativa y su noción de esfera pública; pero también, y fundamentalmente, interrogarnos acerca de la perdurabilidad y la utilidad de dicha noción ante el nuevo contexto de mediatización y esfera pública ampliada surgido a partir de la aparición de los nuevos dispositivos digitales y plataformas virtuales que permiten establecer innovadoras formas de intercambio no situado.

A partir de la revisión de los aportes de distintos autores, buscaremos dar respuesta a la pregunta acerca de la perdurabilidad y las posibilidades de aplicación de los principales postulados habermasianos sobre la esfera pública, entendiendo a modo de hipótesis que gran parte de estos, ligados al requisito espacial-dialógico, han quedado obsoletos frente a una coyuntura mediatizada donde muchas de las interacciones y participaciones en lo público se desarrollan en Internet o, más precisamente, a través de las redes virtuales. Se postula, en tal sentido, que dicha línea teórica debe ser reformulada y actualizada para poder adecuarse a una coyuntura que la ha sobrepasado.
#Tarifazo. Medios tradicionales y fusión de agenda en redes sociales
Authors: Calvo Ernesto , Aruguete Natalia
Published: July 2018

En este artículo analizamos la relación entre medios tra­dicionales, redes sociales y establecimiento de agenda. El modelo de fusión de agendas es consistente con la conformación de burbujas de información, aunque no logra explicar cómo se configura la agenda cuando los usuarios pueden activamente publicar y propagar con­tenidos que les interesan. Nuestro modelo indaga sobre la decisión de los usuarios de promover contenidos con los cuales tienen afinidad cognitiva, en base a la red del #Tarifazo argentino. Medimos la propensión de los usua­rios virtuales a difundir contenidos consistentes con sus creencias políticas, y enlaces a medios tradicionales y no tradicionales, y el tiempo que demoraron en retuitear un mensaje (latencia) en función de los links a medios tra­dicionales incluidos en dichos posteos. Los hallazgos al­canzados indican que los mensajes se propagan con dis­tinta velocidad en la red, dependiendo de la congruencia o disonancia cognitiva existente entre usuarios y de estos para con los mensajes publicados. Concluimos que las comunidades de usuarios construyen agendas colecti­vas y limitan, de esta forma, la capacidad de los medios masivos de establecer la agenda pública de manera gene­ralizada y homogénea.
Titulares, hashtags y videojuegos
Authors: Amado Adriana
Published: July 2018

El libro Titulares, hashtags y videojuegos no es un libro. O no solo eso. Desde su fun­cionalidad como publicación compila las participaciones en el primer congreso del Centro de Estudios sobre Medios y Sociedad (MESO), un espacio de investigación y deba­te en la Universidad de San Andrés (UDESA). Desde su valor simbólico, el libro consagra la instancia de creación de ese espacio en 2015, que significó un movimiento sutil pero con­sistente en el campo de la comunicación de la Argentina. Y no porque no existiera una larga tradición en el país de actividades académi­cas y referencias consagradas en el siglo XX, sino porque ese espacio vino a proponer una apertura hacia temas y métodos de estudio del siglo XXI.
A POBREZA MULTIDIMENSIONAL EM SALVADOR DIMINUIU? EVIDÊNCIAS A PARTIR DA ABORDAGEM ESPACIAL
Authors: Sá Barreto Ricardo Candéa , Dos Santos Eli Izidro , De Carvalho Ícaro Célio Santos
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a pobreza multidimensional nos bairros de Salvador. Neste sentido, considerou-se em sua estrutura outras variáveis que igualmente privam os cidadãos, além da renda, no cálculo do Índice de Pobreza (IP). Assim, organizaram-se os bairros de Salvador em rankings de pobreza que mediante comparação com o IDH demonstrou-se consistente para o estudo espacializado da pobreza na capital baiana, além de evidenciar uma redução de 59,91% entre 2000-2010. Também, foram encontrados concentração de baixa e alta pobreza em diversas áreas do município, principalmente na zona norte de Salvador. Utilizou-se, ainda, um modelo econométrico espacial que apontou os determinantes da condição de pobreza para os anos de 2000 e 2010, cuja influência foi negativa para renda média e longevidade, já a mortalidade infantil, o analfabetismo e a desigualdade de renda, apresentaram influência positiva.
POBREZA RURAL E DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA NA AMAZÔNIA: UM ESTUDO DA PRODUÇÃO FAMILIAR RURAL DO ESTADO DO ACRE
Authors: Cavalcante Filho Pedro Gilberto , Maciel Raimundo Cláudio Gomes , Loiola Tiago De Oliveira , Marçal Geso Willian da Silva , Souza Dieime Lopes
Published: July 2018

No Brasil, a pobreza e a insegurança alimentar concentrada no meio rural tem chamado bastante atenção por sua amplitude, principalmente no âmbito da agricultura familiar, onde a produção para o autoconsumo está no centro da reprodução familiar. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetiva identificar a relação entre a segurança alimentar, o autoconsumo e a pobreza da produção familiar rural do Estado do Acre. Especificamente, busca-se verificar os indicadores socioeconômicos, bem como os níveis de autoconsumo da produção familiar rural acreana. Para tanto, são utilizados indicadores econômicos adequados e específicos para estes estudos a partir dos estratos sociais identificados pela linha de pobreza no Estado. Os resultados demonstram um crescente número de famílias nas linhas de pobreza e extrema pobreza, elevando o número de pessoas em situação de insegurança alimentar, ocasionados, sobretudo pelo baixo autoconsumo.